bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of deformable distortion in the architecture of leaf xylary vessel elements of Carthamus oxycantha caused by heavy metals stress using image registration
Authors: Iqbal Tahir , Shah Said K. , Ullah Faizan , Mehmood Sultan , Zeb Muhammad A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnatomical study of leaf xylary vessel elements of Carthamus oxycantha under various intensities of lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) stress (200, 400, 600, and 800 mg Pb(NO3)2, NiCl2·6H2O/kg of the soil) was conducted. The deformations caused due to metal stress were detected using point‐based image registration technique. Initially, a set of corresponding feature points called landmarks was selected for warping of two‐dimensional microscopic images of deformed/source vessel (stressed) to its normal/target (unstressed) counterpart. The results show that the target registration error is less than 3 mm using real plant image datasets. The stress caused alterations mainly in diameter, size, and shape of the cells. Average cell diameter and average wall diameter of vessels were measured with “Image J.” The range of decrease in average cell diameter from 18.566 to 13.1 μm and the range of increase in average wall diameter was from 5.166 to 10.1 μm, with increase in stress factor through 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg Pb(NO3)2, NiCl2·6H2O/kg of the soil. We noted large deformation in the form of shrinkage in cell size and diminution in its diameter. The diminution in diameter and the shrinkage in cell size of vessel cells may be due to the deposition of wall materials. It can be a possible strategy to limit the water flow to overcome the rapid mobility and transportation of the excess amount of metals to safeguard the cellular components from unpleasant consequences of metallic stress.
Evaluation of global gene expression in regenerate tissues during Masquelet treatment
Authors: Gohel Nishant , Senos Rafael , Goldstein Steven A. , Hankenson Kurt D. , Hake Mark E. , Alford Andrea I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Masquelet induced‐membrane (IM) technique is indicated for large segmental bone defects. Attributes of the IM and local milieu that contribute to graft‐to‐bone union are unknown. Using a rat model, we compared global gene expression profiles in critically sized femoral osteotomies managed using a cement spacer as per Masquelet to those left empty. At the end of the experiment, IM and bone adjacent to the spacer were collected from the Masquelet side. Nonunion tissue in the defect and bone next to the empty defect were collected from the contralateral side. Tissues were subjected to RNA isolation, sequencing, and differential expression analysis. Cell type enrichment analysis suggested the IM and the bone next to the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacer were comparatively enriched for osteoblastic genes. The nonunion environment was comparatively enriched for innate and adaptive immune cell markers, but only macrophages were evident in the Masquelet context. iPathwayGuide was utilized to identify cell signaling pathways and protein interaction networks enriched in the Masquelet environment. For IM vs nonunion false‐discovery rate correction of P values rendered overall pathway differences nonsignificant, and so only protein interaction networks are presented. For the bone comparison, substantial enrichment of pathways and networks known to contribute to osteogenic mechanisms was revealed. Our results suggest that the PMMA spacer affects the cut bone ends that are in contact with it and at the same time induces the foreign body reaction and formation of the IM. B cells in the empty defect suggest a chronic inflammatory response to a large segmental osteotomy.
The impact of national culture on hotel guest evaluation – A big data approach
Authors: Zhang Pei , Gerdes John H. , Meng Fang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe study utilized Hofstede's national cultural dimensions as the theoretical framework to examine the impact of national culture on guests' evaluation of hotel experience. Unlike previous studies which investigate the role of nationality by merely identifying differences between nations, this study analyzed different dimensions of cultural distance between the destination country and a guest's home nation. Using a big data approach, 25,480 guests from five countries reviewed 1,533 Parisian hotels on value, room, location, cleanness, and service. The results revealed that cultural distance dimension of masculinity, individualism, long‐term orientation, indulgence, and uncertainty avoidance significantly influence different aspects of hotel ratings.
Stability of mismatch negativity event‐related potentials in a multisite study
Authors: Roach Brian J. , Hamilton Holly K. , Bachman Peter , Belger Aysenil , Carrión Ricardo E. , Duncan Erica , Johannesen Jason , Kenney Joshua G. , Light Gregory , Niznikiewicz Margaret , Addington Jean , Bearden Carrie E. , Owens Emily M. , Cadenhead Kristin S. , Cannon Tyrone D. , Cornblatt Barbara A. , McGlashan Thomas H. , Perkins Diana O. , Seidman Larry , Tsuang Ming , Walker Elaine F. , Woods Scott W. , Mathalon Daniel H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesMismatch negativity (MMN), an auditory event‐related potential sensitive to deviance detection, is smaller in schizophrenia and psychosis risk. In a multisite study, a regression approach to account for effects of site and age (12–35 years) was evaluated alongside the one‐year stability of MMN.MethodsStability of frequency, duration, and frequency + duration (double) deviant MMN was assessed in 167 healthy subjects, tested on two occasions, separated by 52 weeks, at one of eight sites. Linear regression models predicting MMN with age and site were validated and used to derive standardized MMN z‐scores. Variance components estimated for MMN amplitude and latency measures were used to calculate Generalizability (G) coefficients within each site to assess MMN stability. Trait‐like aspects of MMN were captured by averaging across occasions and correlated with subject traits.ResultsAge and site accounted for less than 7% of MMN variance. G‐coefficients calculated at electrode Fz were stable (G = 0.63) across deviants and sites for amplitude measured in a fixed window, but not for latency (G = 0.37). Frequency deviant MMN z‐scores averaged across tests negatively correlated with averaged global assessment of functioning.ConclusionMMN amplitude is stable and can be standardized to facilitate longitudinal multisite studies of patients and clinical features.
Control of neutrophil influx during peritonitis by transcriptional cross‐regulation of chemokine CXCL1 by IL‐17 and IFN‐γ
Authors: Catar Rusan A , Chen Lei , Cuff Simone M , Kift‐Morgan Ann , Eberl Matthias , Kettritz Ralph , Kamhieh‐Milz Julian , Moll Guido , Li Qing , Zhao Hongfan , Kawka Edyta , Zickler Daniel , Parekh Gita , Davis Paul , Fraser Donald J , Dragun Duska , Eckardt Kai‐Uwe , Jörres Achim , Witowski Janusz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNeutrophil infiltration is a hallmark of peritoneal inflammation, but mechanisms regulating neutrophil recruitment in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD)‐related peritonitis are not fully defined. We examined 104 samples of PD effluent collected during acute peritonitis for correspondence between a broad range of soluble parameters and neutrophil counts. We observed an association between peritoneal IL‐17 and neutrophil levels. This relationship was evident in effluent samples with low but not high IFN‐γ levels, suggesting a differential effect of IFN‐γ concentration on neutrophil infiltration. Surprisingly, there was no association of neutrophil numbers with the level of CXCL1, a key IL‐17‐induced neutrophil chemoattractant. We investigated therefore the production of CXCL1 by human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) under in vitro conditions mimicking clinical peritonitis. Stimulation of HPMCs with IL‐17 increased CXCL1 production through induction of transcription factor SP1 and activation of the SP1‐binding region of the CXCL1 promoter. These effects were amplified by TNFα. In contrast, IFN‐γ dose‐dependently suppressed IL‐17‐induced SP1 activation and CXCL1 production through a transcriptional mechanism involving STAT1. The SP1‐mediated induction of CXCL1 was also observed in HPMCs exposed to PD effluent collected during peritonitis and containing IL‐17 and TNFα, but not IFN‐γ. Supplementation of the effluent with IFN‐γ led to a dose‐dependent activation of STAT1 and a resultant inhibition of SP1‐induced CXCL1 expression. Transmesothelial migration of neutrophils in vitro increased upon stimulation of HPMCs with IL‐17 and was reduced by IFN‐γ. In addition, HPMCs were capable of binding CXCL1 at their apical cell surface. These observations indicate that changes in relative peritoneal concentrations of IL‐17 and IFN‐γ can differently engage SP1–STAT1, impacting on mesothelial cell transcription of CXCL1, whose release and binding to HPMC surface may determine optimal neutrophil recruitment and retention during peritonitis. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
A sensitive 1H NMR spectroscopic method for the quantification of capsaicin and capsaicinoid: morpho‐chemical characterisation of chili land races from northeast India
Authors: Bora Pranjit Kumar , Kemprai Phirose , Barman Rubi , Das Debabrata , Nazir Aamir , Saikia Siddhartha Proteem , Banik Dipanwita , Haldar Saikat 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionProton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy based analytical method for the quantification of capsaicin (major pungent principle of chili) has certain advantages including short data acquisition time and better structural authentication. Earlier NMR methods are associated with either of the bottlenecks such as low or lack of information on the sensitivity and scope for the quantification of total capsaicinoid.ObjectiveTo develop a sensitive 1H quantitative NMR (qNMR) technique for capsaicin and total capsaicinoid in dry chili and chili oleoresin and to demonstrate its applicability in a real sample set.MethodA 1H qNMR method was developed using benzene as the internal standard for the quantification of capsaicin (terminal methyl signal) as well as total capsaicinoid (benzyl methylene signal) in dry chili and oleoresin and validated in terms of specificity, linearity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision.ResultsThe developed 1H qNMR method was specific, sensitive (limit of detection 4.4 μg/mL and limit of quantitation 14.8 μg/mL), linear in the range 0.083–8.33 mg/mL of capsaicin, accurate and precise. The credibility of the developed method was showcased in the morpho‐chemical characterisation of commercially available 15 chili land races from northeast India. The analysis identified the land races with a wide range of capsaicin (trace to 1.49% in the dry fruit and trace to 6.21% in the oleoresin w/w) and oleoresin content (3.35–26.78% w/w).ConclusionThe standardized 1H qNMR method facilitated the findings of chemical basis for the selection of chili land races from this region, capable of producing high‐yielding oleoresin with intended degree of pungency.
High‐resolution structures of transient receptor potential vanilloid channels: Unveiling a functionally diverse group of ion channels
Authors: van Goor Mark K. , de Jager Leanne , Cheng Yifan , van der Wijst Jenny 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTransient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels are part of the superfamily of TRP ion channels and play important roles in widespread physiological processes including both neuronal and non‐neuronal pathways. Various diseases such as skeletal abnormalities, chronic pain, and cancer are associated with dysfunction of a TRPV channel. In order to obtain full understanding of disease pathogenesis and create opportunities for therapeutic intervention, it is essential to unravel how these channels function at a molecular level. In the past decade, incredible progress has been made in biochemical sample preparation of large membrane proteins and structural biology techniques, including cryo‐electron microscopy. This has resulted in high resolution structures of all TRPV channels, which has provided novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of channel gating and regulation that will be summarized in this review.
Effect of the patient information brochure in communicating the risks associated with crizotinib treatment to patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Europe
Authors: Huang Kui , Madison Terri , Wehler Beatrice , Tiseo Marcello , Wilner Keith D. , Mo Jingping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCrizotinib (XALKORI®) is indicated for anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐positive and ROS1‐positive advanced non‐small cell lung cancer. This study evaluated the distribution of the crizotinib patient information brochure (PIB) in Europe and patient knowledge of the key messages in the PIB. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in 10 European countries among patients who received crizotinib to ascertain whether each patient received and read the PIB, and his/her knowledge of its key messages on hepatotoxicity, interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis, QTc prolongation, bradycardia, and vision disorders. Of the 341 patients contacted, 40 responded (11.7%), and 39 patients were eligible. A total of 77% of respondents acknowledged receiving the PIB, of which, 93% reported reading it. Knowledge of the individual side effects ranged from 36% to 85%, and precautions for use ranged from 56% to 67%. Understanding the reasons for calling a physician ranged from 54% to 85%. Knowledge of each of the 6 key side effects was greater among readers of the PIB compared to non‐readers or respondents who did not recall receiving the PIB. Approximately three‐quarters of survey respondents recalled receiving the crizotinib PIB and respondents who read the PIB were more knowledgeable of the key side effects of crizotinib than those who did not read or receive. Caution should be taken in generalizing these results because of the potential for selection bias and small sample size. These survey results suggest that the crizotinib PIB may be an effective risk communication tool for crizotinib‐treated patients in Europe.
Strength Improvement of Additive Manufacturing Components by Reinforcing Carbon Fiber and by Employing Bioinspired Interlock Sutures
Authors: Selvam Arivazhagan , Mayilswamy Suresh , Whenish Ruban 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe additive manufacturing (AM) process is used to build three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed components by depositing layers of materials one over another until it completes the building process. There are numerous ways to improve its strength and rigidity of AM processed components. In this research, we discuss an effective method to improve the strength of 3D‐printed component joints by reinforcing carbon fiber (CF) with polylactic acid (PLA) and applying bioinspired interlock sutures. The strength of 3D‐printed components is highly influenced by build parameters such as printing speed, extruder temperature, and layer thickness. In this context, the design of experiment (DOE) was made to ensure the effect of build parameters. The specimens were fabricated according to DOE in order to characterize bending behavior, which was analyzed using special fixture. The bending strength and fracture behavior of specimen for three different interlock joints were studied. The analytical technique of particle swarm optimization was adopted to predict the optimum printing parameters to improve the bending strength of the 3D‐printed components. The result shows that CF‐reinforced PLA with spline interlock suture increases the bending strength of the 3D‐printed specimen when compared to pure PLA.
Extended eigenstate thermalization and the role of FZZT branes in the Schwarzian theory
Authors: Nayak Pranjal , Sonner Julian , Vielma Manuel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper we provide a universal description of the behavior of the basic operators of the Schwarzian theory in pure states. When the pure states are energy eigenstates, expectation values of non-extensive operators are thermal. On the other hand, in coherent pure states, these same operators can exhibit ergodic or non-ergodic behavior, which is characterized by elliptic, parabolic or hyperbolic monodromy of an auxiliary equation; or equivalently, which coadjoint Virasoro orbit the state lies on. These results allow us to establish an extended version of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in theories with a Schwarzian sector. We also elucidate the role of FZZT-type boundary conditions in the Schwarzian theory, shedding light on the physics of microstates associated with ZZ branes and FZZT branes in low dimensional holography.
A tale of two exponentiations in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 8 supergravity at subleading level
Authors: Di Vecchia Paolo , Naculich Stephen G. , Russo Rodolfo , Veneziano Gabriele , White Chris D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
High-energy massless gravitational scattering in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supergravity was recently analyzed at leading level in the deflection angle, uncovering an interesting connection between exponentiation of infrared divergences in momentum space and the eikonal exponentiation in impact parameter space. Here we extend that analysis to the first non trivial sub-leading level in the deflection angle which, for massless external particles, implies going to two loops, i.e. to third post-Minkowskian (3PM) order. As in the case of the leading eikonal, we see that the factorisation of the momentum space amplitude into the exponential of the one-loop result times a finite remainder hides some basic simplicity of the impact parameter formulation. For the conservative part of the process, the explicit outcome is infrared (IR) finite, shows no logarithmic enhancement, and agrees with an old claim in pure Einstein gravity, while the dissipative part is IR divergent and should be regularized, as usual, by including soft gravitational bremsstrahlung. Finally, using recent three-loop results, we test the expectation that eikonal formulation accounts for the exponentiation of the lower-loop results in the momentum space amplitude. This passes a number of highly non-trivial tests, but appears to fail for the dissipative part of the process at all loop orders and sufficiently subleading order in ϵ, hinting at some lack of commutativity of the relevant infrared limits for each exponentiation.
Is Laparoscopic Gastrectomy More Advantageous for Elderly Patients Than for Young Patients with Resectable Advanced Gastric Cancer?
Authors: Ushimaru Yuki , Kurokawa Yukinori , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Saito Takuro , Yamashita Kotaro , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Yamasaki Makoto , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) is now practiced widely, but it is unclear whether LG is the appropriate approach for elderly patients with resectable advanced gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to examine whether LG is more or less advantageous for elderly patients than for young patients.MethodsWe collected data on 571 consecutive patients who underwent gastrectomy for pT2–4 gastric cancer between January 2001 and December 2015. After adjustment with one‐to‐one propensity score matching, short‐term and long‐term outcomes were compared between the LG and open gastrectomy (OG) groups among young (age < 70 years) and elderly (age ≥ 70 years) patients.ResultsThe LG group had a significantly longer operative time (P < 0.001) and less blood loss (P < 0.001) than the OG group among young and elderly patients. There were no significant differences regarding complications. Although disease‐specific survival was similar between the LG and OG groups among young and elderly patients, LG was associated with more favorable overall survival than OG only among elderly patients (hazard ratio 0.67; 95% confidence interval 0.35–1.26). Death from respiratory diseases occurred more frequently in the OG group (10.9%) than in the LG group (0%) for elderly patients (P = 0.012).ConclusionLG for resectable advanced gastric cancer was not inferior to OG in terms of both short‐term and long‐term outcomes regardless of patient age. In elderly patients, LG may improve overall survival by reducing mortality from respiratory diseases.
Misclassification of Case–Control Studies in the Orthopedic Literature is Common: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: LeBrun Drake G. , Bido Jen , Kocher Mininder S. , Baldwin Keith D. , Fabricant Peter D. 
Published: March 2020

Background Observational studies constitute the majority of the orthopedic literature, each type distinct in terms of what it can and cannot measure. Case–control studies select participants based on outcome status, not exposure status, and therefore differ from other observational studies in their aims, limitations, and conclusions. Misclassification of a different kind of study as a case–control study can lead to misinterpretation of the data and misreporting of its level of evidence (LOE), either “overselling” or “underselling” its importance. Questions/Purposes We sought to answer three questions: (1) How frequently do studies reported to be orthopedic case–control studies actually reflect other study designs? (2) What factors might be associated with misclassification? (3) How does study design misclassification affect LOE reporting? Methods A bibliometric analysis was performed to identify all studies published in 75 orthopedic journals over a one-year period (January 2017 through December 2017) that included the term “case–control” in the title, abstract, or main text. We identified the proportion of studies that were misclassified as “case–control” in design and recorded the associated changes in reported LOE. We also examined associations between study misclassification (and by extension LOE misclassification) and the study specialty, journal specialty, and journal impact factor. Results Of 339 studies that reported a case–control design, 227 (67%) were misclassified and reflected other study designs. The study designs most often misclassified as case–control designs were retrospective cohort studies ( n = 97; 43%) and cross-sectional studies ( n = 88; 39%). The frequency of misclassification was associated with the subspecialty of the journal and the impact factor but not the study subspecialty. After correction of the LOE in the misclassified studies that reported an LOE ( n = 193), it was found that 28 (15%) had underreported their LOE, and eight (4%) had overreported their LOE. Conclusions Studies reported in the orthopedic literature to have a case–control design frequently have another study design, and this pattern is consistent across subspecialties. Enhanced rigor in accurately defining study designs in orthopedics could be achieved through training and stricter review processes.
„Die Relevanz eines kohärenten forensischen Beurteilungs- und Behandlungsprozesses“: großer Wurf oder alter Wein in undichtem Schlauch?
Authors: Habermeyer Elmar , Mokros Andreas , Briken Peer 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungBorchard und Gerth legen in ihrem Beitrag „Die Relevanz eines kohärenten forensischen Beurteilungs- und Behandlungsprozesses: Grenzen der allgemeinpsychiatrischen Diagnosesysteme ICD und DSM für die forensische Fallkonzeption“ (Borchard und Gerth 2020) ein Plädoyer für ein eigenes forensisch-psychiatrisches Diagnosesystem vor. Der folgende Beitrag setzt sich mit diesem Anliegen kritisch auseinander und zeigt, warum der Forderung nach einem forensisch-psychiatrischen Diagnosesystem jenseits von DSM‑5 und ICD-10/ICD-11 nicht gefolgt werden kann. Ein eigener forensisch psychiatrischer Diagnose- und Krankheitsbegriff ist weder erforderlich, noch kann er in der juristisch-medizinischen Schnittstelle sinnvoll angewandt werden. Stattdessen drohen terminologische Schwierigkeiten und die Gefahr einer Pathologisierung delinquenten Verhaltens, was am Beispiel des von Borchard und Gerth empfohlenen FOTRES und Urteilen des Schweizerischen Bundesgerichts dargestellt und diskutiert wird.