bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zero-day Android botnet detection using neural networks
Authors: Seraj Saeed , Pimenidis Elias , Trovati Marcello , Polatidis Nikolaos 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAndroid devices have evolved to offer a diverse array of services, spanning applications related to banking, business, health, and entertainment. The widespread adoption of Android devices, coupled with the open-source architecture of the Android operating system, has rendered them a prime target for malicious actors. Among the most perilous threats are Android botnets, which enable malicious actors, often referred to as botmasters, to exert remote control for the execution of destructive attacks. Android botnets have huge potential to be an emerging threat to mobile device security. In this paper, we focus on detecting evolving Android botnets and introduce a new dataset of 3458 apps, represented by 455 permission-based features. We propose an improved multilayer perceptron neural network for zero-day botnet detection. Our methodology, in this way, achieves an accuracy of 98.5%, thus outperforming traditional classifiers. It has a lot of functionality and is based on the neural network approach, making it able to identify slight botnet behaviours in order to improve Android security.
Generalization potential of large language models
Authors: Budnikov Mikhail , Bykova Anna , Yamshchikov Ivan P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The rise of deep learning techniques and especially the advent of large language models (LLMs) intensified the discussions around possibilities that artificial intelligence with higher generalization capability entails. The range of opinions on the capabilities of LLMs is extremely broad: from equating language models with stochastic parrots to stating that they are already conscious. This paper represents an attempt to review LLM landscape in the context of their generalization capacity as an information theoretic property of those complex systems. We discuss the suggested theoretical explanations for generalization in LLMs and highlight possible mechanisms responsible for these generalization properties. Through an examination of existing literature and theoretical frameworks, we endeavor to provide insights into the mechanisms driving the generalization capacity of LLMs, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of their capabilities and limitations in natural language processing tasks.
Three-unit posterior monolithic fixed dental prostheses made from high-translucent shade-graded zirconia: 3-Year results from a prospective clinical pilot study
Authors: Güth Jan-Frederik , Keul Christine , Liebermann Anja , Schweiger Josef , Edelhoff Daniel , Schubert Oliver 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the clinical performance of tooth-supported 3-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) made from shade-graded monolithic 5Y-PSZ (partly stabilized zirconia) zirconia in terms of survival rate and the quality of restorations based on modified FDI criteria over three-years.

Materials and methods
High-translucent shade-graded monolithic zirconia (Lava Esthetic, Solventum Dental Solutions) was used to manufacture maxillary or mandibular three-unit FDPs in the posterior region (N = 22) employing subtractive milling system (Amann Girrbach). All FDPs were bonded with a universal resin cement (Rely X Universal, Solventum Dental Solutions) and evaluated 4 weeks after cementation (baseline) and after 1, 2, and 3 years. The primary objective was to assess the survival and complication rates of the restorations. Furthermore, the quality of the restorations was evaluated based on selected and modified FDI (World Dental Federation) criteria, which encompass functional, aesthetic, and biological parameters. FDI criteria were analyzed using the Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test.

Results
Twenty-one patients were examined at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years. The survival rate was 100%. No mechanical complications were observed. A total of 3 biological complications occurred. These were successfully managed without any residual functional impairment. All FDI criteria were found to be clinically acceptable or better.

Conclusions
Monolithic shade-graded zirconia FDPs demonstrated 100% survival at 3 years with a low complication rate.

Clinical relevance
Fixed 3-unit FDPs made of high-translucent monolithic zirconia might be a viable treatment option in the posterior region, preventing the chipping phenomenon and providing favorable aesthetics while allowing for an efficient digital workflow.
Innovation bloom: nurturing sustainability in urban manufacturing transformation amidst Industry 4.0 and aging workforce dynamics
Authors: Rehman Hafiz Mudassir , Adnan Nadia , Moffett Sandra 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study addresses the evolving landscape of the manufacturing sector, particularly in developing nations like Malaysia, against the backdrop of the influential Industry 4.0 paradigm. The manufacturing arena, vital for economic progress, encounters heightened competitiveness and complexity, necessitating a reevaluation of strategies. The impetus behind this research is the imperative for manufacturing entities to enhance efficiency by embracing innovation as a fundamental aspect of their operational frameworks. Practices such as knowledge oriented leadership, electronic human resource management (e-HRM), and decentralised organisation structures emerge as pivotal elements to navigate the challenges presented by Industry 4.0. This study serves a dual purpose: guiding manufacturing firms in proactively preparing for Industry 4.0 and exploring the nuanced challenges associated with an aging workforce in this transformative context. Incorporating a mixed-method approach, the study initially adopts a quantitative, cross-sectional design. SPSS is employed for descriptive statistics, while Smart PLS is utilised for structural and measurement model analyses. This comprehensive methodology allows for a thorough exploration of the intricate relationships affecting Industry 4.0 readiness. In parallel, a qualitative facet was incorporated through thematic analysis, validating and enriching the findings on the impact of Industry 4.0 on urban planning derived from participant interviews. The findings emphasise that knowledge oriented leadership and eHRM are significant contributors to organisation innovation and Industry 4.0 readiness in the Malaysian manufacturing sector. Knowledge oriented leadership positively influences innovation, while e-HRM facilitates technological adoption by improving recruitment, learning, and performance appraisal systems. However, a decentralised organisational structure showed an insignificant effect on Industry 4.0 readiness, likely due to the unique challenges faced by smaller manufacturing firms. Notably, the study's findings on the varying influence of an aging workforce on Industry 4.0 readiness offer novel insights, highlighting the need for tailored workforce policies to support effective Industry 4.0 adoption. A notable contribution lies in the pioneering inquiry into the readiness of the Malaysian manufacturing sector for Industry 4.0. Identifying knowledge oriented leadership and e-HRM as crucial prerequisites for innovation and Industry 4.0 adoption, the study enriches the understanding of the intricate dynamics at the intersection of manufacturing, innovation, and Industry 4.0. Practically, the study offers actionable insights for Malaysian government officials shaping Industry 4.0 policies and stakeholders in navigating this transformative industrial era. Moreover, it will also help the stakeholders of other countries that are working towards Industry 4.0.
Characterization of an Overlooked Kinematical Descriptor in the Second-Gradient Hyperelastic Theory for Thin Shells
Authors: Tiwari Sankalp , Fried Eliot 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In 1978, Murdoch presented a direct second-gradient hyperelastic theory for thin shells in which the strain-energy density associated with a deformation

$\boldsymbol{\eta }$

η

of a surface

$\mathcal{S}$

S

is allowed to depend constitutively on the three kinematical descriptors

$\boldsymbol{C}$

C

,

$\boldsymbol{H}$

H

, and

$\boldsymbol{F}^{\scriptscriptstyle \top }\boldsymbol{G}$

F
⊤

G

, where

$\boldsymbol{F}=\text{Grad} _{\scriptscriptstyle \mathcal{S}} \boldsymbol{\eta }$

F
=

Grad
S

η

,

$\boldsymbol{C}=\boldsymbol{F}^{\scriptscriptstyle \top }\boldsymbol{F}$

C
=

F
⊤

F

,

$\boldsymbol{H}=\boldsymbol{F}^{\scriptscriptstyle \top }\boldsymbol{L}_{ \scriptscriptstyle \mathcal{S}'}\boldsymbol{F}$

H
=

F
⊤

L

S
′

F

is the covariant pullback of the curvature tensor

$\boldsymbol{L}_{\scriptscriptstyle \mathcal{S}'}$

L

S
′

of the deformed surface

$\mathcal{S}'$

S
′

, and

$\boldsymbol{G}=\text{Grad} _{\scriptscriptstyle \mathcal{S}} \boldsymbol{F}$

G
=

Grad
S

F

. On the other hand, in Koiter’s direct thin-shell theory, the strain-energy density depends constitutively on only

$\boldsymbol{C}$

C

and

$\boldsymbol{H}$

H

. Due to the popularity of Koiter’s theory, the second-order tensors

$\boldsymbol{C}$

C

and

$\boldsymbol{H}$

H

are well understood and have been extensively characterized. However, the third-order tensor

$\boldsymbol{F}^{\scriptscriptstyle \top }\boldsymbol{G}$

F
⊤

G

in Murdoch’s theory is largely overlooked in the literature. We address this gap, providing a detailed characterization of

$\boldsymbol{F}^{\scriptscriptstyle \top }\boldsymbol{G}$

F
⊤

G

. We show that for

$\boldsymbol{\eta }$

η

twice continuously differentiable,

$\boldsymbol{F}^{\scriptscriptstyle \top }\boldsymbol{G}$

F
⊤

G

depends solely on

$\boldsymbol{C}$

C

and its surface gradient

$\text{Grad} _{\scriptscriptstyle \mathcal{S}}\boldsymbol{C}$

Grad
S

C

and does not depend on

$\boldsymbol{L}_{\scriptscriptstyle \mathcal{S}'}$

L

S
′

. For the special case of a conformal deformation, we find that a suitably defined strain measure corresponding to

$\boldsymbol{F}^{\scriptscriptstyle \top }\boldsymbol{G}$

F
⊤

G

depends only the conformal stretch and its surface gradient. For the further specialized case of an isometric deformation, this strain measure vanishes. An orthogonal decomposition of

$\boldsymbol{F}^{\scriptscriptstyle \top }\boldsymbol{G}$

F
⊤

G

reveals that it belongs to a ten-dimensional subspace of the space of third-order tensors and embodies two independent types of non-local phenomena: one related to the spatial variations in the stretching of

$\mathcal{S}'$

S
′

and the other to the curvature of

$\mathcal{S}$

S

.
First Observation of a Nuclear Recoil Peak at $$\mathcal {O}$$(100eV) with Crab: A Potential New Calibration Standard for Cryogenic Detectors
Authors: Kluck H. , Abele H. , Burkhart J. , Cappella F. , Casali N. , Cerulli R. , Chalil A. , Chebboubi A. , Crocombette J.-P. , del Castello G. , del Gallo Roccagiovine M. , Doblhammer A. , Dorer S. , Dumonteil E. , Erhart A. , Giuliani A. , Goupy C. , Gunsing F. , Jericha E. , Kaznacheeva M. , Kinast A. , Langenkämper A. , Lasserre T. , Letourneau A. , Lhuillier D. , Litaize O. , de Marcillac P. , Marnieros S. , Martin R. , Materna T. , Mazzucato E. , Nones C. , Ortmann T. , Pattavina L. , Poda D. V. , Peters L. , Rothe J. , Schermer N. , Schieck J. , Schönert S. , Serot O. , Soum-Sidikov G. , Stodolsky L. , Strauss R. , Thulliez L. , Vignati M. , Vivier M. , Wagner V. , Wex A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Any experiment aiming to measure rare events, like Coherent Elastic neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CE

$$\upnu$$

ν

NS) or hypothetical Dark Matter scattering, via nuclear recoils in cryogenic detectors relies crucially on a precise detector calibration at sub-keV energies. The Crab collaboration developed a new calibration technique based on the capture of thermal neutrons inside the target crystal. Together with the Nucleus experiment, first measurements with a moderated

$$^{252}$$

252

Cf neutron source and a cryogenic

$${{\textrm{CaWO}}_4}$$

CaWO
4

detector were taken. We observed for the first time the 112eV peak caused by the

$$^{182}$$

182

W(n,

$${\upgamma }$$

γ

)

$$^{183}$$

183

W capture reaction and subsequent nuclear recoils. Currently, Crab is preparing a precision measurement campaign based on a monochromatic flux of thermal neutrons from the 250-kW Triga-mark II nuclear reactor at TU Wien. In this contribution, we introduce the Crab technique, present the first measurement of the 112eV peak, report the preparations for the precision measurement campaign, and give an outlook on the impact on the field of cryogenic detectors.
Search anything: segmentation-based similarity search via region prompts
Authors: Korfhage Nikolaus , Mühling Markus , Freisleben Bernd 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSearch Anything is presented, a novel approach to perform similarity search in images. In contrast to other approaches to image similarity search, Search Anything enables users to utilize point, box, and text prompts to search for similar regions in a set of images. The region selected by a prompt is automatically segmented, and a binary feature vector is extracted. This feature vector is then used as a query for an image region index, and the images that contain the corresponding regions are returned. Search Anything is trained in a self-supervised manner on mask features extracted by the FastSAM foundation model and semantic features for masked image regions extracted by the CLIP foundation model to learn binary hash code representations for image regions. By coupling these two foundation models, images can be indexed and searched at a more fine-grained level than finding only entire similar images. Experiments on several datasets from different domains in a zero-shot setting demonstrate the benefits of Search Anything as a versatile region-based similarity search approach for images. The efficacy of the approach is further supported by qualitative results. Ablation studies are performed to evaluate how the proposed combination of semantic features and segmentation features together with masking improves the performance of Search Anything over the baseline using CLIP features alone. For large regions, relative improvements of up to 9.87% in mean average precision are achieved. Furthermore, considering context is beneficial for searching small image regions; a context of 3 times an object’s bounding box gives the best results. Finally, we measure computation time and determine storage requirements.
A geophysics-informed pro-poor approach to earthquake risk management
Authors: Agrawal Himanshu , Wang Chenbo , Cremen Gemma , McCloskey John 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecent earthquake disasters have highlighted an urgent need for continuous advancements in approaches to reducing seismic risk. Decision-making on such strategies should consider subsurface geophysical information (e.g., seismic site response), given its direct link to seismic hazard. This may be particularly important in regions where the poorest in society often reside in areas with softer soils that lead to higher ground-motion amplifications. In this context, we propose a framework to support decision-making on earthquake risk policies, which explicitly integrates information on the geophysics of an urban system as well as its physical and social environment. The framework is based on the Tomorrow’s Cities Decision Support Environment, which was designed to support urban planning with a focus on pro-poor disaster risk reduction in countries of the Global South. It is further underpinned by a cost–benefit analysis, which facilitates the assessment of potential policies in terms of both their ability to reduce earthquake risk as well as their value for (often limited) money. We illustrate the framework using a well-established virtual urban testbed based on Global South cities, which reveals that geophysics-informed policy making can successfully lead to pro-poor earthquake risk reduction.
Validation of a peer observation and evaluation tool for online teaching in the U.S.
Authors: Jia Yuane , Spagnolo Amy B. , Barrett Nora , Murphy Ann A. , Basto Peter M. , Rothpletz-Puglia Pamela , Luther Stuart 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe benefits of peer evaluation of teaching effectiveness and quality in higher education are well documented. While instruments exist for the review and evaluation of entire online courses, there is no standardized single-lesson, peer evaluation instrument available for online instruction. This pilot study focused on the validation of a peer observation and evaluation tool for use with single lessons in both synchronous and asynchronous online courses in an inter-professional school of health professions. The researchers modified a psychometrically validated instrument developed for in-person peer observation by adding items from a renowned online course rubric to create a peer observation tool, entitled the Peer Observation and Evaluation Tool-Online (POET-O). The resulting instrument demonstrated adequate construct validity and reliability by using the many-facet Rasch measurement (MFRM) technique. MFRM results also indicated potential places to revise and improve the instrument. Recommendations for implementing the peer evaluation process of teaching are provided.
Effect of Robot Head Movement and its Timing on Human-Robot Interaction
Authors: Lee Honguk , Hahn Sowon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Head movements can provide a significant amount of information in communication. This study investigated the social capabilities of a robot’s head interaction, including the direction, movement, and timing of the movement. Using a newly designed robot, which has a minimal head movement mechanism in the three axes of x (pitch), y (roll), and z (yaw), we explored the participants’ perception of the robot’s head movements (i.e., nodding, shaking, and tilting) and movement timing (i.e., head movement prior to utterance and head movement simultaneous with utterance). The results revealed that head movements of the robot increased participants’ perceptions of likeability, anthropomorphism, animacy, and perceived intelligence of the robot compared with the non-movement condition. When the robot performed head movement prior to utterance, the rating of perceived naturalness was higher compared with that when the robot’s head movement occurred simultaneously with utterance. The findings imply that by implementing the features of head movements and movement timings, even simple robots that lack humanoid features can achieve better social interactions with humans.
Was fire use a cultural trait of the Gravettian? New micro-archaeological data from Fuente del Salín cave (Val de San Vicente, Cantabria)
Authors: Alzate-Casallas Guillermo , Sánchez-Carro Miguel Angel , Barbieri Alvise , González-Morales Manuel R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Micro-archaeological data from sites located in central and eastern Europe show that, in comparison with other Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers, Gravettian foragers used fire more intensively and for a wider range of purposes. At these sites, this shift in pyrotechnology overlaps with the onset of periglacial conditions. Gravettian occupations of non-periglacial regions have been poorly investigated with micro-archaeological methods, and it remains to be further demonstrated whether these foragers also made a similar intensive and multipurpose use of fire. To further investigate this topic, we studied the sequence preserved at the cave of Fuente del Salín, in Cantabria, where previous excavations unearthed potential fire residues of Gravettian age. Using micromorphology, µ-X-ray fluorescence, and Scanning Electron Microscopy we reconstructed multiple phases of human visits to the site. Our results show that, during the main Gravettian occupation, foragers made intensive use of fire, as indicated by abundant heated bones and seashells, charcoals, amorphous char, fat-derived char, and in situ remains of potential stacked open hearths as well as burnt grass beddings. The intensive burning, systematic reuse of combustion features, and multiple purposes of the fires at Fuente del Salín are comparable with Gravettian sites from central and eastern Europe, indicating that these fire-use behaviors probably do not reflect a regional adaptation to periglacial environments but a cultural trait of the Gravettian tradition across Europe.
Habitat Suitability Modelling for the Red Dwarf Honeybee (Apis florea (Linnaeus)) and Its Distribution Prediction Using Machine Learning and Cloud Computing
Authors: Ma’moun Shireen , Farag Rasha , Abutaleb Khaled , Metwally Amr , Ali Abdelraouf , Yones Mona 
Published: December 2024

AbstractApis florea bees were recently identified in Egypt, marking the second occurrence of this species on the African continent. The objective of this study was to track the distribution of A. florea in Egypt and evaluate its potential for invasive behaviour. Field surveys were conducted over a 2-year period, resulting in the collection of data on the spatial distribution of the red dwarf honeybees. A comprehensive analysis was performed utilizing long-term monthly temperature and rainfall data to generate spatially interpolated climate surfaces with a 1-km resolution. Vegetation variables derived from Terra MODIS were also incorporated. Furthermore, elevation data obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission were utilized to derive slope, aspect, and hillshade based on the digital elevation model. The collected data were subject to resampling for optimal data smoothing. Subsequently, a random forest model was applied, followed by an accuracy assessment to evaluate the classification output. The results indicated the selection of the mean temperature of coldest quarter (bio11), annual mean temperature (bio01), and minimum temperature of coldest month (bio06) as temperature-derived parameters are the most important parameters. Annual precipitation (bio12) and precipitation of wettest quarter (bio16) as precipitation parameters, and non-tree vegetation parameter as well as the elevation. The calculation of the Habitat Suitability Index revealed that the most suitable areas, covering a total of 200131.9 km2, were predominantly situated in the eastern and northern regions of Egypt, including the Nile Delta characterized by its fertile agricultural lands and the presence of the river Nile. In contrast, the western and southern parts exhibited low habitat suitability due to the absence of significant green vegetation and low relative humidity.