bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Target action of antioxidants using iontophoresis
Authors: Monteiro e Silva Silas Arandas , Souza Joel Gonçalves de , Melo Priscilla Siqueira , Moreno Ivani Aparecida Marchetto , Alencar Severino Matias , Lopez Renata Fonseca Vianna , Ricci Leonardi Gislaine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe use of antioxidants in applications for topical use seems promising, however, many studies must be performed to ensure processes and products that can effectively bring benefits to combat the action of free radicals in the skin. For topical antioxidants to be effective against free radicals from the skin, it is essential that the antioxidants compounds permeate the different skin layers, to reach deeper layers of the epidermis in active form and stay there for a sufficient time to cause the beneficial effects.AimThis work aimed to evaluate the antioxidant action of formulations with phenolic compounds as well as to comprehend the skin retention profile of these actives.MethodsThe antioxidant potential was recognized with isolated phenolic acids (gallic, caffeic, and ferulic acid) or in combinations, using different in vitro methods (DPPH ABTS , FRAP , β‐carotene/linoleic acid system and ORAC). The skin retention study was performed throughin vitroassay with Franz's diffusion cell associating, or not, the cathodic iontophoresis.ResultsGallic acid showed the greatest antioxidant activity and was selected for a study of skin permeation following gel application to porcine skin, with or without cathodic iontophoresis. Gallic acid retention in deeper skin layers was promoted by iontophoresis, and increased skin antioxidant activity was detected after only 20 min of iontophoresis. The present study demonstrated the importance of polymeric gelling agents for optimizing the antioxidant activity.ConclusionThe cathodic iontophoresis represents a promising strategy to promote a target action of antioxidants in the skin.
Effect of previous cesarean sections on second‐trimester uterine artery Doppler
Authors: Işıkalan Mehmet M. , Yeniçeri Haççe , Toprak Erzat , Güleroğlu Filiz Y. , Acar Ali 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimIn this study, we investigated the effects of previous cesarean sections on uterine artery Doppler indices.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 153 healthy pregnant women between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation. Seventy‐three pregnant women without previous cesarean sections (control group) and 80 pregnant women with previous cesarean sections (study group) were compared in terms of uterine artery Doppler indices.ResultsThe mean uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) MoM value was 1.18 ± 0.40 in the study group and 1.07 ± 0.35 in the control group (P = 0.046). The number of patients with uterine artery PI values above 95 percentile was 18 (22.5%) in the study group and 5(6.8%) in the control group (P = 0.007). The mean gestational age at birth was significantly lower in the study group (38.2 ± 1.3 vs. 39 ± 1.0, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the mean PI, resistance index (RI) and systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio values of the uterine artery (P = 0.16, 0.11, 0.08, respectively). When the comparison was made with the number of previous cesarean sections, all three index values of the patients who had had more than two cesarean sections were found to be significantly higher.ConclusionThe Doppler flow indices of the uterine artery significantly increased in patients with more than two previous cesarean sections. When evaluating uterine artery Doppler indices in pregnant women with a history of previous cesarean sections, these factors should be considered.
Additive influences of soil and climate gradients drive tree community composition of Central African rain forests
Authors: Libalah Moses Bakonck , Droissart Vincent , Sonké Bonaventure , Barbier Nicolas , Dauby Gilles , Fortunel Claire , Kamdem Gyslene , Kamdem Narcisse , Lewis Simon L , Mofack Gislain II , Momo Stéphane Takoudjou , Pélissier Raphaël , Ploton Pierre , Texier Nicolas , Zebazé Donatien , Couteron Pierre 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimExamining tree species–environment association can offer insight into the drivers of vegetation patterns and key information of practical relevance to forest management. Here, we aim to quantify the contribution of climate and soil gradients to variation in Central African tree species composition (abundance and occurrence).LocationTropical rain forests of southern and eastern Cameroon.MethodsWe established 82 1‐ha permanent plots across seven localities and censused all trees ≥10 cm in diameter, representing a total of 37,733 trees and 455 species. In 60 of those plots, we measured 10 soil variables describing texture and nutrients levels and extracted 10 bioclimatic variables from global‐gridded climate databases. We synthesized the main environmental gradients by conducting principal component analyses on climate and soil data, respectively. We performed unconstrained and constrained non‐symmetric correspondence analyses to account for the individual and joint contributions of climate and soil on species abundance and occurrence.ResultsClimate and soil contributed similarly to variances of species abundance and occurrence (12–15% variance for climate vs 11–12% variance for soil). Climate influence mostly concerns some abundant species, while some of the less abundant species were mainly driven by soil. Fractions of species variances accounted for by climate and soil show strong correlation when assessed from species occurrence and abundance data.ConclusionVariation in occurrence and abundance of tropical forest trees can be partly shaped by both climate and soil gradients in Cameroon, which emphasizes the importance to jointly consider soil and climate in species distribution modeling. Less abundant species may express environmental influence differently than abundant species and convey complementary information about community assemblage. Though showing congruent patterns here, species abundance and occurrence reflect different interacting community processes and both should be examined to better understand vegetation patterns.
Large transmission cluster of acute hepatitis C identified among HIV‐positive men who have sex with men in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Han Win M. , Colby Donn J. , Khlaiphuengsin Apichaya , Apornpong Tanakorn , Kerr Stephen J. , Ubolyam Sasiwimol , Kroon Eugène , Phanuphak Nittaya , Vasan Sandhya , Matthews Gail V. , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Ruxrungtham Kiat , Phanuphak Praphan , Tangkijvanich Pisit 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA rapidly emerging and highly concentrated hepatitis C virus (HCV) outbreak has recently been observed among both acute and chronic HIV‐positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Bangkok, Thailand. NS5B regions of the HCV genome were amplified using nested PCR and sequenced. Phylogenetic inference was constructed by Maximum Likelihood methods and clusters were identified with support and genetic distance thresholds of 85% and of 4.5%. Forty‐eight (25 acute HIV and 23 chronic HIV) MSM with incident HCV infection were included in the analysis. HCV genotype (GT) was 85% GT 1a and 15% GT 3a or 3b. Median age at HCV diagnosis was 34 (interquartile range, 28‐41) years. 83.3% (40/48) had history of syphilis infection and 36% (16/44) reported crystal methamphetamine use. Only 2 (4%) reported ever injecting drugs, both crystal methamphetamine. In the phylogenetic clustering analysis, 83% belonged to one of two clusters: one large (75%) and one small (8%) cluster. All clusters were GT 1a. MSM with acute HIV infection were more likely to be in a cluster (92%) than those with chronic infection (74%). HCV screening should be regularly performed for MSM in ART clinics, and offering direct‐acting antiviral agents to all MSM with HCV infection might contain the HCV epidemic from expanding further.
Thrombolytic therapy in ischemic stroke patients with a preceding transient ischemic attack in telestroke and non‐telestroke settings
Authors: Poupore Nicolas , Strat Dan , Mackey Tristan , Brown Katherine , Snell Ashley , Nathaniel Thomas I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigates the risk factors associated with exclusion or inclusion for thrombolytic therapy in TIA‐ischemic stroke patients in a telestroke compared with a non‐telestroke setting.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzes regional stroke data collected between January 2010 and June 2016 from TIA‐ischemic stroke patients. We used the logistic regression model to predict clinical risk factors associated with exclusion or inclusion for thrombolytic therapy in the telestroke and non‐telestroke setting.ResultsThis study identified a total of 299 ischemic stroke patients with a history of TIAs. Of these, 98 patients received treatment in a telestroke setting, while 201 received treatment in a non‐telestroke setting. The telestroke excluded fewer patients (58%) and administered thrombolytic therapy to 42% of TIA‐ischemic stroke patients. The non‐telestroke setting excluded 89% of patients, while only 11% of TIA‐ischemic stroke patients received rtPA. In the telestroke setting, a history of previous TIA > 24 hours (OR = 16.014, 95% CI, 4.112‐62.368, P < .001) was associated with rtPA inclusion, while higher blood glucose levels (OR = 0.984, 95% CI, 0.969‐0.999, P = .042) were associated with an rtPA exclusion.ConclusionAfter adjusting for the effect of confounding variables, we found direct admission to be significant for exclusion in the non‐telestroke setting. Moreover, there was a significant association between hyperglycemia and exclusion from thrombolytic therapy in TIA‐ischemic stroke patients in the telestroke setting.
Synergistic effects of nitrogen and CO2 enrichment on alpine grassland biomass and community structure
Authors: Zhu Juntao , Zhang Yangjian , Yang Xian , Chen Ning , Jiang Lin 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Global environmental change is altering the Earth's ecosystems. However, much research has focused on ecosystem‐level responses, and we know substantially less about community‐level responses to global change stressors.

Here we conducted a 6‐yr field experiment in a high‐altitude (4600 m asl) alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau to explore the effects of nitrogen (N) addition and rising atmospheric CO2 concentration on plant communities.

Our results showed that N and CO2 enrichment had synergistic effects on alpine grassland communities. Adding nitrogen or CO2 alone did not alter total community biomass, species diversity or community composition, whereas adding both resources together increased community biomass, reduced species diversity and altered community composition. The observed decline in species diversity under simultaneous N and CO2 enrichment was associated with greater community biomass and lower soil water content, and driven by the loss of species characterised simultaneously by tall stature and small specific leaf area.

Our findings point to the co‐limitation of alpine plant community biomass and structure by nitrogen and CO2, emphasising the need for future studies to consider multiple aspects of global environmental change together to gain a more complete understanding of their ecological consequences.
Rejection sensitivity and adolescent non‐suicidal self‐injury: Mediation through depressive symptoms and moderation by fear of self‐compassion
Authors: Jiang Yongqiang , Ren Yaxuan , Liu Tian , You Jianing 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesRejection sensitivity is a risk trait that contributes to the relationships between rejection experiences in various domains and non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI). However, research about the association between rejection sensitivity and NSSI has still been understudied. This study sought to examine the mediating role of depressive symptoms and the moderating role of fear of self‐compassion in the association between rejection sensitivity and adolescent NSSI.DesignA cross‐sectional correlational design was employed through which rejection sensitivity, depressive symptoms, fear of self‐compassion, and NSSI experiences in the past year were measured.MethodsSeven‐hundred twenty‐eight Chinese secondary school students (51.1% females; mean age = 14.07, SD = 0.75) were included by convenient sampling.ResultsRegression analyses revealed that depressive symptoms worked as a mediator in the association between rejection sensitivity and NSSI. It was also found that fear of self‐compassion acted as a moderator, such that a higher level of fear of self‐compassion strengthened the link between rejection sensitivity and depressive symptoms and the direct link between rejection sensitivity and NSSI.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the need to address adolescents’ rejection sensitivity, depressive symptoms, and fear of self‐compassion in preventing and intervening NSSI.Practitioner points

Focusing on rejection sensitivity might help understand the relationships between intra‐ and interpersonal distress and NSSI. The findings of this study evidenced the risk effect of adolescents’ rejection sensitivity on NSSI and the partial mediation of depressive symptoms in the link. Targeting adolescents’ rejection sensitivity will be beneficial in developing NSSI‐related prevention and intervention programs.

This study also found that adolescents’ fear of self‐compassion magnified the associations between rejection sensitivity, depressive symptoms, and NSSI. It suggests that targeting adolescent’s fear of self‐compassion will also be beneficial.
Threat vs control: Potentiation of the trigeminal blink reflex by threat proximity is overruled by self‐stimulation
Authors: Versace Viviana , Campostrini Stefania , Sebastianelli Luca , Saltuari Leopold , Valls‐Solé Josep , Kofler Markus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe magnitude of the defensive blink reflex is modulated by continuous assessment of its protective value. Here, we studied whether the trigeminal blink reflex (TBR) is modulated by a potentially offensive object close to the face, and, if so, whether self‐stimulation or observation of the act of stimulus triggering counteracts such modulation. In all, 26 healthy volunteers participated in various experimental conditions. At baseline, an experimenter triggered supraorbital nerve stimuli remotely, unseen by the participants; in experimental conditions, the experimenter held a stimulation probe close to the participant’s face but triggered the stimuli either remotely, “surprising” participants (S1), or directly on the probe, observed by participants (S2). In other conditions, participants triggered stimuli themselves on the probe held next to their body (S3) or held in front of their face (S4). The latter condition was repeated similarly, but pressing the button only randomly generated electrical stimuli (S5, “Russian roulette”). The size of the R2 component of the TBR (TBR‐R2) was the main outcome measure. Compared to baseline, TBR‐R2 area was significantly larger in S1 when the “threatening” probe was close to the face and the participant had no control over stimulation. Conversely, TBR‐R2 was suppressed when participants either saw the action of triggering, thus being aware (S2), or had full initiative over stimulation (S3, S4). Random self‐generated stimuli (S5) inhibited TBR‐R2, but to a lesser extent than S3 and S4. Perceived threat close to the face facilitates TBR‐R2, but knowledge about impending stimulation or self‐agency overrules this effect.
Global Forensic Geolocation with Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Grantham Neal S. , Reich Brian J. , Laber Eric B. , Pacifici Krishna , Dunn Robert R. , Fierer Noah , Gebert Matthew , Allwood Julia S. , Faith Seth A. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryAn important problem in modern forensic analyses is identifying the provenance of materials at a crime scene, such as biological material on a piece of clothing. This procedure, which is known as geolocation, is conventionally guided by expert knowledge of the biological evidence and therefore tends to be application specific, labour intensive and often subjective. Purely data-driven methods have yet to be fully realized in this domain, because in part of the lack of a sufficiently rich source of data. However, high throughput sequencing technologies can identify tens of thousands of fungi and bacteria taxa by using DNA recovered from a single swab collected from nearly any object or surface. This microbial community, or microbiome, may be highly informative of the provenance of the sample, but data on the spatial variation of microbiomes are sparse and high dimensional and have a complex dependence structure that render them difficult to model with standard statistical tools. Deep learning algorithms have generated a tremendous amount of interest within the machine learning community for their predictive performance in high dimensional problems. We present DeepSpace: a new algorithm for geolocation that aggregates over an ensemble of deep neural network classifiers trained on randomly generated Voronoi partitions of a spatial domain. The DeepSpace algorithm makes remarkably good point predictions; for example, when applied to the microbiomes of over 1300 dust samples collected across continental USA, more than half of geolocation predictions produced by this model fall less than 100 km from their true origin, which is a 60% reduction in error from competing geolocation methods. Moreover, we apply DeepSpace to a novel data set of global dust samples collected from nearly 30 countries, finding that dust-associated fungi alone predict a sample's country of origin with nearly 90% accuracy.
Geochemical fingerprints of dolomitization in Bahamian carbonates: Evidence from sulphur, calcium, magnesium and clumped isotopes
Authors: Murray Sean T. , Higgins John A. , Holmden Chris , Lu Chaojin , Swart Peter K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn an effort to constrain the mechanism of dolomitization in Neogene dolomites in the Bahamas and improve understanding of the use of chemostratigraphic tracers in shallow‐water carbonate sediments the δ34S, Δ47, δ13C, δ18O, δ44/40Ca and δ26Mg values and Sr concentrations have been measured in dolomitized intervals from the Clino core, drilled on the margin of Great Bahama Bank and two other cores (Unda and San Salvador) in the Bahamas. The Unda and San Salvador cores have massively dolomitized intervals that have carbonate associated sulphate δ34S values similar to those found in contemporaneous seawater and δ44/40Ca, δ26Mg values, Sr contents and Δ47 temperatures (25 to 30°C) indicating relatively shallow dolomitization in a fluid‐buffered system. In contrast, dolomitized intervals in the Clino core have elevated values of carbonate associated sulphate δ34S values indicating dolomitization in a more sediment‐buffered diagenetic system where bacterial sulphate reduction enriches the residual in 34S, consistent with high sediment Sr concentrations and low δ44/40Ca and high δ26Mg values. Only dolomites associated with hardgrounds in the Clino core have carbonate associated δ34S values similar to seawater, indicating continuous flushing of the upper layers of the sediment by seawater during sedimentary hiatuses. This interpretation is supported by changes to more positive δ44/40Ca values at hardground surfaces. All dolomites, whether they formed in an open fluid‐buffered or closed sediment‐buffered diagenetic system have similar δ26Mg values suggesting that the HMC transformed to dolomite. The clumped isotope derived temperatures in the dolomitized intervals in Clino yield temperatures that are higher than normal, possibly indicating a kinetic isotope effect on dolomite Δ47 values associated with carbonate formation through bacterial sulphate reduction. The findings of this study highlight the utility of applying multiple geochemical proxies to disentangle the diagenetic history of shallow‐water carbonate sediments and caution against simple interpretations of stratigraphic variability in these geochemical proxies as indicating changes in the global geochemical cycling of these elements in seawater.
On inference for modes under long memory
Authors: Beran Jan , Telkmann Klaus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe consider inference for local maxima of the marginal density function of strongly dependent linear processes. Weak consistency of the estimated modular set and the number of modes is derived. A uniform reduction principle for kernel density estimators is used to obtain confidence sets for the set of modes. The results can be extended to multivariate modes. Simulations illustrate the asymptotic results.
Testing multivariate normality by zeros of the harmonic oscillator in characteristic function spaces
Authors: Dörr Philip , Ebner Bruno , Henze Norbert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe study a novel class of affine invariant and consistent tests for normality in any dimension in an i.i.d.‐setting. The tests are based on a characterization of the standardd‐variate normal distribution as the unique solution of an initial value problem of a partial differential equation motivated by the harmonic oscillator, which is a special case of a Schrödinger operator. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the test statistics under the hypothesis of normality as well as under fixed and contiguous alternatives. The tests are consistent against general alternatives, exhibit strong power performance for finite samples, and they are applied to a classical data set due to R.A. Fisher. The results can also be used for a neighborhood‐of‐model validation procedure.
Does habit weaken the relationship between intention and behaviour? Revisiting the habit‐intention interaction hypothesis
Authors: Gardner Benjamin , Lally Phillippa , Rebar Amanda L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHabitual behaviours are elicited when a familiar context activates cue‐behaviour associations that have been learned through previous performance. A core hypothesis within habit theory is that, by virtue of its automaticity, habit weakens the impact of intention on action, such that in facilitating conditions, action will be guided more by habit than momentary intentions. This has led to recommendations that habit formation be harnessed as a mechanism for sustaining desirable behaviour over time, when people would otherwise relapse due to loss of motivation. This article reviews theory and evidence around the hypothesized interaction between habit and intention as determinants of behaviour. We first qualify the hypothesis by clarifying that it pertains only to determinants of the instigation of action, rather than execution. Next, drawing on a systematic review of 52 behaviour‐prediction studies, we highlight mixed empirical support for the interaction. We argue that ostensibly inconsistent findings can be reconciled by recognizing the distinction between the direction and strength of intention, and identifying the “facilitating conditions” that may determine the relative influence of habit and intention on behaviour. Evidence demonstrates that when self‐control is diminished, people act habitually regardless of intention direction or strength. When people possess self‐control, habits can help people to act on favourable but weakened intentions, but intentions that oppose habitual tendencies can override habitual influence. This has important implications for behaviour change: even if habit has formed, a minimal level of favourable conscious motivation may be required to sustain behaviours over time. Social psychology might fruitfully move beyond asking whether habit moderates the intention‐behaviour relationship, and instead probe how and in which conditions habits and intentions interact.