bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hopf Lemma for the Schrödinger Operator
Authors: Ponce Augusto C. , Wilmet Nicolas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We prove the Hopf boundary point lemma for solutions of the Dirichlet problem involving the Schrödinger operator

-
Δ

+
V

{-\Delta+V}

with a nonnegative potential V which merely belongs to

L
loc
1

⁢

(
Ω
)

{L_{\mathrm{loc}}^{1}(\Omega)}

. More precisely, if

u
∈

W
0

1
,
2

⁢

(
Ω
)

∩

L
2

⁢

(
Ω
;

V
⁢

d
⁢
x

)

{u\in W_{0}^{1,2}(\Omega)\cap L^{2}(\Omega;V\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}{x})}

satisfies

-

Δ
⁢
u

+

V
⁢
u

=
f

{-\Delta u+Vu=f}

on Ω for some nonnegative datum

f
∈

L
∞

⁢

(
Ω
)

{f\in L^{\infty}(\Omega)}

,

f
≢
0

{f\not\equiv 0}

, then we show that at every point

a
∈

∂
⁡
Ω

{a\in\partial\Omega}

where the classical normal derivative

∂
⁡
u

⁢

(
a
)

∂
⁡
n

{\frac{\partial u(a)}{\partial n}}

exists and satisfies the Poisson representation formula, one has

∂
⁡
u

⁢

(
a
)

∂
⁡
n

>
0

{\frac{\partial u(a)}{\partial n}>0}

if and only if the boundary value problem

{

-

Δ
⁢
v

+

V
⁢
v

=
0

in
Ω
,

v

=
ν

on

∂
⁡
Ω

,

\begin{dcases}\begin{aligned} \displaystyle-\Delta v+Vv&\displaystyle=0&&% \displaystyle\phantom{}\text{in ${\Omega}$,}\\ \displaystyle v&\displaystyle=\nu&&\displaystyle\phantom{}\text{on ${\partial% \Omega}$,}\end{aligned}\end{dcases}

involving the Dirac measure

ν
=

δ
a

{\nu=\delta_{a}}

has a solution. More generally, we characterize the nonnegative finite Borel measures ν on

∂
⁡
Ω

{\partial\Omega}

for which the boundary value problem above has a solution in terms of the set where the Hopf lemma fails.
On Removable Singularities of Solutions of Higher-Order Differential Inequalities
Authors: Kon’kov A. A. , Shishkov A. E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We obtain sufficient conditions for solutions of the mth-order differential inequality

∑

|
α
|

=
m

∂
α

⁡

a
α

⁢

(
x
,
u
)

≥

f
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
g
⁢

(

|
u
|

)

in
⁢

B
1

∖

{
0
}

\sum_{|\alpha|=m}\partial^{\alpha}a_{\alpha}(x,u)\geq f(x)g(|u|)\quad\text{in % }B_{1}\setminus\{0\}

to have a removable singularity at zero, where

a
α

{a_{\alpha}}

, f, and g are some functions, and

B
1

=

{
x
:

|
x
|

<
1

}

{B_{1}=\{x:|x|<1\}}

is a unit ball in

ℝ
n

{{\mathbb{R}}^{n}}

. We show in some examples the sharpness of these conditions.
Native oxide layer effect on polarization cancellation for mirrors over the visible to near-infrared region
Authors: Banerjee Suchandra , Chipman Russell , Hagen Nathan , Otani Yukitoshi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The presence of native oxide layers on aluminum mirrors can be a nuisance for precision optical design. As the native oxide thickness varies from mirror to mirror, its effect cannot be completely canceled even in the conventional crossed fold mirror geometry. We show how this effect arises and how it can be mitigated, and provide an experimental demonstration in which the residual linear retardance and linear diattenuation are reduced to <0.14° and <0.001, respectively, over the visible and near-infra-red spectral range.
Choreographing linguistic landscapes in Singapore
Authors: Lee Tong King 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes the notion of choreographed multilingualism to describe the top-down dimension of Singapore's linguistic landscape. Using a range of examples of official multilingual discourse, including public signage, exhibition artefacts, and print texts, it identifies a quadrilingual constellation that reiterates across different modalities, stabilizing into a visual-spatial formula. As a semiotic feature, the quadrilingual formula is an indexical that calls up the trope of neat multilingualism, whereby the four official languages of Singapore (English, Chinese, Malay, Tamil) are construed in a relation of equilibrium and equitability, while nonofficial/nonstandard languages, language varieties, and Chinese dialects are relegated to oblivion. The trope of neat multilingualism in turn evokes a larger sociolinguistic ambiance shaped by the official language policy and the language education system in Singapore. The paper theorises this situation in respect of Michel de Certeau's spatial theory, arguing that official discourses in Singapore corroborate the multilingual “place” produced by technologies of choreography.
Auf der Suche nach einer »Religiosität ohne zu frömmeln«
Authors: Jungheim Elias S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe following paper considers Rabbi Dr. Ludwig Philippson’s contributions to the many-faceted Jewish-theological discourses of the 19th century, with special focus on his IsraelitischeReligionslehre: comprising three volumes and published between the late 1850s and early 1860s, this work can be regarded as a result of his rabbinic teachings. We will therefore consider the importance of an emerging religious theory as well as the ambivalence in locating Philippson’s religious affiliations: even though Philippson favoured an increasingly theoretical approach to religion, his Religionslehre nevertheless betrays conspicuous moments of orthodoxy. It will be the purpose of this paper to examine the contradictions in Philippson’s argumentation.
On Emotional Grounds: Private Communication of Muslims in Late Imperial Russia
Authors: Bustanov Alfrid 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article explores the practices of private communication of Muslims at the eclipse of the Russian empire. The correspondence of a young Kazan mullah with his family and friends lays the ground for an analysis of subjectivity at the intersection of literary models and personal experience. In personal writings, individuals selected from a repertoire of available tools for self-fashioning, be that the usage of notebooks, the Russian or Muslim calendar, or peculiarities of situational language use. Letters carried the emotions of their writers as well as evoking emotions in their readers. While still having access to the Persianate models of the self, practiced by previous generations of Tatar students in Bukhara, the new generation prioritized another type of scholarly persona, based on the mastery of Arabic, the study of the Qur’an and the hadith, as well as social activism.
Data selection for system identification (DS4SID) from logged process records of continuously operated plants
Authors: Arengas David , Kroll Andreas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Use of historical logged data can be considered for system identification if performing dedicated experiments is not possible. Continuously operated plants are examples of processes where experiments for system identification are typically restricted due to a possibly negative impact on production. However, process variables are logged for long periods of time which results in large databases that are a valuable source of information for model estimation. Automatic selection of informative data intervals can support system identification when use of logged process data is addressed. A new method is presented that differs in several aspects from current approaches. Firstly, interval bounding is performed using the gradient of a norm associated to the resulting information matrix which decreases interval misdetection. Secondly, process data do not need to be normalized for change detection. Thirdly, an instrumental variables identification method is used which offers robustness to autocorrelated noise. Lastly, the proposed selection technique can be applied to multivariate processes. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated in a case study implemented in a lab-scale chemical plant.
Near infrared hyperspectral imaging-based approach for end-of-life flat monitors recycling
Authors: Bonifazi Giuseppe , Gasbarrone Riccardo , Palmieri Roberta , Serranti Silvia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The technological innovation and the relentless marketing of new electronic products with improved performance generate increasing quantities of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). In this scenario, End-Of-Life (EOL) flat monitors and screens represent a category generating, as a consequence of the rapid change in technology, an important amount of waste. Considering future estimations, the implementation of an adequate recycling infrastructure is necessary. An efficient, reliable and low-cost analytical tool is thus needed to perform detection/control actions in order to assess: i) waste composition and ii) physical-chemical attributes of the resulting materials. The knowledge of these information is a requirement to set-up and to implement correct recycling actions.
In this study, a cascade identification approach, based on Near InfraRed (NIR) – HyperSpectral Imaging (HSI), was carried out. More in detail, a four-steps classification was designed, implemented and set-up in order to recognize different materials occurring in a specific WEEE stream: EOL milled monitors and flat screens. Adopting the proposed approach, different material categories are correctly recognized and classified. Obtained results can be useful not only to set-up a quality control system, but also to improve sorting actions in this specific recycling sector.
Automatisierte Generierung von Sicherheitstests für variantenreiche Produktionssysteme mittels ECAD
Authors: Ziegltrum Simon , Vogel-Heuser Birgit 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die effiziente und vollständige Qualitätssicherung der Sicherheitstechnik von automatisierten Sondermaschinen stellt für deren Hersteller eine große Herausforderung dar. Die Erstellung konsistenter Testprozeduren erfolgt manuell oder erfordert hohen Modellierungsaufwand. Folglich untersucht dieser Beitrag ein Konzept, um notwendige Tests vollautomatisch aus ECAD-Dokumenten abzuleiten. Hierzu werden basierend auf industriellen Checklisten Testmodelle abgeleitet sowie ein ECAD-Modell eingeführt. Anhand eines industriellen Anwendungsfalls wird die Funktionsfähigkeit des Ansatzes demonstriert sowie das Potential einer solchen Methode diskutiert.
Die Landesstelle Bestandserhaltung in Rheinland-Pfalz: koordinierte Bestandserhaltung mit Nachhaltigkeitseffekt
Authors: Kaulbach Friederike , Kost-Mahle Arlett 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In rheinland-pfälzischen Archiven, Bibliotheken und Museen ist die Lage des schriftlichen Kulturguts nicht einfach. Gründe hierfür sind mangelnde finanzielle und personelle Kapazitäten sowie fehlende fachliche Kenntnisse. Um die Situation in den Einrichtungen, die schriftliches Kulturgut bewahren, zu verbessern, gibt es in Rheinland-Pfalz seit einigen Jahren zentral organisierte Bestandserhaltungsbestrebungen. Die Koordination der bestandserhaltenden Maßnahmen sowie die fachliche Beratung und Qualifizierung ist Aufgabe der „Landesstelle Bestandserhaltung in Rheinland-Pfalz“, die Ende 2018 gegründet wurde.
Microfinance and Moneylenders: Long-run Effects of MFIs on Informal Credit Market in Bangladesh
Authors: Berg Claudia , Emran Shahe , Shilpi Forhad 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper provides evidence on the effects of microfinance competition on moneylender interest rates and households' dependence on informal credit. The views among practitioners diverge sharply: proponents claim that the MFI competition reduces both the moneylender interest rate and households' reliance on informal credit, while critics argue the opposite. Taking advantage of recent econometric approaches to address selection on unobservables without imposing standard exclusion restrictions, we find that the MFI competition does not reduce moneylender interest rates, partially repudiating the proponents. There is no perceptible effect at low levels of the MFI coverage, but when the MFI coverage is high enough, the moneylender interest rate increases significantly. In contrast, a household's dependence on informal credit goes down after becoming an MFI member, which contradicts part of the critic's argument. The evidence is consistent with models where either the MFIs or the moneylenders engage in cream skimming, and fixed costs are important in informal lending.
Microfinance and Vulnerability to Seasonal Famine in a Rural Economy: Evidence from Monga in Bangladesh
Authors: Berg Claudia , Emran M. Shahe 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper uses a unique data set on 143,000 poor households from Northern Bangladesh to analyze the effects of microfinance membership on a household's ability to cope with seasonal famine known as Monga. We develop an identification and estimation strategy that exploits a jump and a kink at the 10 decimal land ownership-threshold driven by the Microfinance Institution (MFI) screening process to ensure repayment by excluding the ultra-poor. Evidence shows that microfinance membership improves food security during Monga, especially for the poorest households who survive at the margin of one and two meals a day. The positive effects on food security are, however, not driven by higher income, as microcredit does not improve the ability to migrate for work, nor does it reduce dependence on distress sale of labor. The evidence is consistent with consumption smoothing being the primary mechanism behind the gains in food security of MFI households during the season of starvation.
The Initial Training of Librarians and Curators in France: A National Mission
Authors: Marcerou-Ramel Nathalie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
France is probably the only European country to have today a national school for training of library and information professionals: Enssib, National Library and Information Science School. An atypical situation, as some countries decided to close their schools of librarianship and entrust the training of their professionals to universities only. How does Enssib train its library executives? The article first describes the recruitment, training and exercise framework for French library and information professionals. Then it focuses on the vast renovation project that Enssib has been launching for four years in order to adapt its training processes to the needs and expectations of the professional communities.
Polymorphism of MMP1 and MMP3 promoter regions and HR-HPV infection in women from Burkina Faso and Côte d‘Ivoire
Authors: Prosper Bado , Florencia Djigma Wendkuuni , Mahoukèdè Zohoncon Théodora , Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah , Alima Traoré Esther Mah , Karim Ouattara Abdoul , Clarisse Ouedraogo Teega-Wendé , Toyin Bello Shoukrat Ohuwa , Ayaovi Setor Marius , Angèle Traore Ina Marie , Apollinaire Horo , Privat Kouakou Kouame , Théophane Yonli Albert , Charlemagne Ouedraogo , Jacques Simpore 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the promoter region of MMP-1 (at 1607 bp) and MMP-3 (at 1171 bp) create Ets binding sites. Correlations between these SNPs and sensitivity to several biological processes such as metastasis and recurrence of cancer have been reported in several studies.In this case-control study, we looked for these SNPs in women infected with or not with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV). The frequency, distribution and correlation of these SNPs with the presence or absence of HR-HPV infection were evaluated.Genotypes 1G1G, 1G2G and 2G2G for MMP1 and genotypes 5A5A, 5A6A, 6A6A for MMP3 were found in our study population. In general, we noted that the 1G (40.8%) and 2G (64.8%) alleles were more frequent in non-infected women and infected women, respectively, and more specifically this difference was significant in women from Côte d‘Ivoire.These results, although yet to be reaffirmed with assays for quantifying the mRNA of these genes, suggest that the SNP of the MMP-1 promoter could promote infection with HR-HPV.
Electrical stimulator with mechanomyography-based real-time monitoring, muscle fatigue detection, and safety shut-off: a pilot study
Authors: Naeem Jannatul , Hamzaid Nur Azah , Azman Amelia Wong , Bijak Manfred 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been used to produce force-related activities on the paralyzed muscle among spinal cord injury (SCI) individuals. Early muscle fatigue is an issue in all FES applications. If not properly monitored, overstimulation can occur, which can lead to muscle damage. A real-time mechanomyography (MMG)-based FES system was implemented on the quadriceps muscles of three individuals with SCI to generate an isometric force on both legs. Three threshold drop levels of MMG-root mean square (MMG-RMS) feature (thr50, thr60, and thr70; representing 50%, 60%, and 70% drop from initial MMG-RMS values, respectively) were used to terminate the stimulation session. The mean stimulation time increased when the MMG-RMS drop threshold increased (thr50: 22.7 s, thr60: 25.7 s, and thr70: 27.3 s), indicating longer sessions when lower performance drop was allowed. Moreover, at thr70, the torque dropped below 50% from the initial value in 14 trials, more than at thr50 and thr60. This is a clear indication of muscle fatigue detection using the MMG-RMS value. The stimulation time at thr70 was significantly longer (p = 0.013) than that at thr50. The results demonstrated that a real-time MMG-based FES monitoring system has the potential to prevent the onset of critical muscle fatigue in individuals with SCI in prolonged FES sessions.
Does preconditioning lower the rupture resistance of chorioamniotic membrane?
Authors: Dadkhah Arash , Hashemi Ata 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPremature rupture of fetal membrane occurs in about 3% of all pregnancies. The physical integrity of chorioamnion (CA) membrane should be retained until delivery for a healthy pregnancy. To explore the effect of pre-conditioning and probe size on the mechanical properties of human chorioamniotic sac, the mechanical properties of 17 human chorioamniotic membranes, collected from cesarean delivery, were examined using biaxial puncture tests with and without preconditioning by different probe sizes. For preconditioned samples, the mean ± std. of ultimate rupture stress was calculated to be 1.73 ± 0.13, 1.61 ± 0.29 and 1.78 ± 0.26 MPa for the probe sizes of 3, 5 and 7 mm, respectively. For samples with no preconditioning, these values were calculated to be 2.38 ± 0.29, 2.36 ± 0.37, and 2.59 ± 0.43 MPa for the above-mentioned probe sizes. The force to probe diameter for samples with no preconditioning was in the range of 1087–1301 N/m for the three probe diameters, well in the range of 850–1580 N/m reported by previous studies. Our results show that the preconditioned samples had significantly lower ultimate puncture force and ultimate stress compared to non-preconditioned samples. In addition, a correlation between the probe size and the magnitude of puncture force was observed, while the stress values were not significantly affected by changing probe size.
A lifetime with Proclus: Psellos as reader
Authors: Lauritzen Frederick 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Michael Psellos (1018-1081) read texts of the Neoplatonist Proclus (412-485) throughout his life. His interest may have started as early as 1034, but the first direct references can be dated to ca 1041 and the last occur towards the end of his life, notably the Omnifaria Doctrina. Psellos’ interest in Proclus evolved over time: 1. 1034-1043 hermeneutical problems, 2. 1043-1059 theurgy and interest in relation between body and soul, 3. 1059-1081 physiology and interest in Proclus’ philosophical principles. Psellos’ wide range of interests means that each phase represents a particular focus, but not exclusive one.
Herennius Philon’s progeny: Ps-Ammonius, Eustathius and the term συγγραφεῖς in postclassical times
Authors: Papanikolaou Dimitrios 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The paper is concerned with a similar entry of the lexica of Thomas Magister and Ps-Ammonius concerning the semantic difference between συγγρα- φεῖς and ἱστορικοί. The entry is proven to be ultimately descended from the lost lexicon Περὶ τῶν διαφόρως σημαινομένων of Herennius Philon (2nd cent. AD); this lexicon in its lost unabridged form seems to have influenced the distinction συγγραφεῖς / ἱστορικοί in the preface of the historical work of Eustathius on the sack of Thessalonica by the Normans. The paper investigates the possibility of a Hellenistic grammatical substratum in Philon’s distinction; based on the evidence of literary texts and inscriptions, the paper asserts that the distinction (probably received by Philon from a Hellenistic-era grammatical source) was already vanishing in Philon’s days.
Socrates the judge: a not-so-platonizing dialogue on the deposition of patriarch Nicholas IV Mouzalon
Authors: Zharkaya Varvara , Lukhovitskiy Lev 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article brings under scrutiny an understudied dialogical account about the deposition of the patriarch of Constantinople Nicholas IV Mouzalon (1147-51). A close reading shows that this is not an official record of the proceedings but a piece of fiction that deliberately inverts the generic conventions of the two types of texts indicative of the 12th-century literary landscape, namely 1) minutes of church councils and 2) syllogistic theological dialogues. The anonymous author invites the reader to recognize the all-familiar scheme of the Socratic interrogation but eventually departs from it investing the protagonists (Manuel I Komnenos and Mouzalon) with features that distance them from their Platonic models. The text seems to be inextricably linked to Mouzalon’s canonical dilemma: can an archbishop who previously voluntarily fled from his office be appointed archbishop once again? In fact, the author’s primary concern is not the patriarch but the emperor, a judge-logician who is at one and the same time Socrates and more than Socrates, and the new language able to reflect the changing balance between the imperial and ecclesiastical powers in mid- 12th-century Byzantium.
普通话语气词功能系统新论
Authors: 珏 王 
Published: May 2020

提要本文在已有研究的基础上提出一个普通话语气词的新系统，包括两大部分。第一部分，首先，依据附着对象、迭用顺序、有无、异同和多寡是否影响句子的合语法性和命题这 3 个标准，将语气词聚合系统暂定为 29 个成员。而后，依据附着对象、强制性共现成分、迭用自由度、功能和语法化来源等，将语气词划分为两类 3 个功能子系统。其中述题语气词 26 个，话题语气词 9 个，准话语语气词 6 个。第二部分，分别讨论两类 3 个语气词功能子系统。（一）述题语气词能 2/3 个右向迭用并构成 116 个迭用式，能和句调或疑问标记以不同频次同层或跨层共现关系而构成述题的语气结构——句调/疑问标记语气 (mood)n=1+语气词口气 (tone)n=0≥3，其中句调（或疑问标记）表示语气，述题语气词分别以 4 种基本语气为上位范畴并表示其下位口气，共构成 75 式语气结构，表示 75 种 “语气+口气” 综合值。在这 75 式语气结构里，述题语气词和上位语气之间功能绝对一致的原型语气结构、基本一致的准原型语气结构和不一致的边缘语气结构。据此推论出，不定语气以是非问为上位范畴，建议语气词以祈使为上位范畴，肯定语气词以陈述为上位范畴，惊讶语气词以感叹为上位范畴。进而据此将语气词的功能模式假设为 “±肯定/惊讶及其程度±风格/确信/态度” 。其中，肯定语气词表肯定而有程度、风格差异，惊讶语气词表惊讶而有程度、风格不同，不定语气词表确信而程度、态度有别，建议语气词表态度而有直接、委婉之分。而且，在原型语气结构里，述题语气词分别表示各自的典型口气；在边缘语气结构里，肯定、惊讶语气词有时与非陈述或非感叹语气一起浮现出特定语用效应。（二）话题语气词的功能模式为 “标记/强化话题+标记话题信息类型+交互主观性” 。前者是无标记功能，后两者是有标记功能，从而造成了话题语气词的使用倾向性，有的主要附着现实话题，有的只附着非现实话题。（三）准话语语气词，在句法上附着话题或述题里的列举成分、反复成分，将它们重组为例举语块、描摹语块和呼语语块，然后单独或与话题前标、列举助词一起作话题、述题或其中的句法成分及其成分；语义上，例举语块转指同类所有成员，描摹短语表示长时反复，呼语语块带有情感色彩；韵律上，将松散无序、长短不一、类型各异、多寡不等的成分临时整合为更大语块，以控制在线句子的模块数量。此外， “啊” 还能明示逻辑背景或焦点并具有衬音作用， “来” 能衔接音节组。据此，它们的功能模式可简示为 “句法功能+语义功能+韵律功能±逻辑功能±音乐功能” 。总之，在语气词的新功能系统中，每个语气词都各居其位，各司其职，井然有序。