bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and risk of ulcerative colitis: results from a case-control study
Authors: Movahedian Mina , Rahmani Jamal , Yari Zahra , Rashvand Samaneh , Hekmatdoost Azita 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the possible relationship of dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with ulcerative colitis (UC) risks because there is insufficient evidence on the association of GI and GL with UC incidences.

Design/methodology/approach
In this case–control study, dietary GI and GL of 62 patients with histology-confirmed UC and 124 controls were assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The primary outcome measure was the association between dietary GI and GL and UC risk.

Findings
In age-adjusted and unadjusted models, there was no statistically significant association between dietary GI and GL and UC risk. However, after adjusting for all known covariates, the odds ratio of UC in third tertile of GI was 2.86 folds higher than first tertile (95% CI: 1.02–8.00, p for trend = 0.04). In the case of GL, when the confounders were adjusted, although subjects in the third tertile were at 2.70 times higher risk of having UC than those in the first tertile (95% CI: 0.72–10.15, p for trend = 0.15), the association was not statistically significant.

Originality/value
In conclusion, the findings indicate a positive relationship between dietary GI and risk of UC. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate if the findings are consistent, in addition to experimental studies to explore the potential mechanisms of this association.
Socially responsible investments (SRIs) – mapping the research field
Authors: Barroso Jessica Sardinha Siqueira , Araújo Elaine Aparecida 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to perform a mapping of the studies field about socially responsible investments (SRI), showing the different existing lines of research about nowadays theme. Additionally, the study shows considerations and prospects possible future agenda of research related to the SRI thematic.

Design/methodology/approach
It was performed a systematic literature review from a database of 691 articles selected in the ISI Web of Science. The computer software – HistCite is used to define the lines of research.

Findings
Based on the study and analysis of the identified lines of research, future study possibilities in this area were shown. So, it was identified five lines of research, which were named by the construction of SRI portfolio, investors’ behavior, SRI versus corporate social responsibility, institutional investors and comparison between conventional investors and SRI. These lines were evidenced in a citation map.

Originality/value
This paper complements the existing literature reviews, as it uses a broader time horizon (1981 to 2018) and has a different approach, using the HistCiteTM software, which enabled the identification of the different lines of research related to SRI. Additionally, it has been raised ten possible ways to future studies related to the SRI thematic.
Greenhouse gas emissions disclosure: comparing headquarters and local subsidiaries
Authors: Hoştut Sibel , Deren van het Hof Seçil 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to highlight the greenhouse gas emissions disclosures in sustainability reports of the automotive industry both from headquarters and Turkish subsidiaries. Further, it aims to understand to what extent these corporations disclose greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.Design/methodology/approachThe sample of the research consists of the global brands Ford, Honda, Hyundai, Daimler and Fiat. Global and national sustainability reports from headquarters and local subsidiaries are examined. To determine the disclosure for emissions content analysis is conducted. The GRI 305: Emissions standard, which sets out the reporting requirements on the issue emissions is used to identify the disclosures both from headquarters and subsidiaries.FindingsThe sector-specific findings show that all sustainability reports from headquarters disclose much more specific information on greenhouse gas emissions than the reports from subsidiaries. Corporations that offer the most comprehensive sustainability reports disclose the least pages in environmental information. However, presenting the least information does not mean that these reports are rare in quality. Especially, two corporations who offer the least pages on environmental issues fully disclosed the classification of GRI 305: Emissions standard. It can be stated that these corporations emphasize the quality and not the quantity of disclosure. Although, local subsidiaries are not reporting to the extent as headquarters do good applications together with specific information are applied.Originality/valueThe investigation contributes to the research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) by exploring the GHG emissions disclosures across borders by analyzing sustainability reports of both the headquarters of the automotive industry and their local subsidiaries as the actual production units in Turkey.
Composite Machine Learning Algorithm for Material Sourcing,
Authors: Casale Amanda , Dettman Josh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study developed a composite machine learning algorithm for attribution of materials of forensic interest (like ammonium nitrate) to original sources. k‐nearest neighbor and random forest models were used for source elimination and classification, respectively, in a two‐step, composite algorithm based on particle color, size/shape, and trace element concentration features. Novel approaches for simulation to supplement within‐source reference features based on empirically measured multi‐lot analyses, an improved hold‐one‐lot‐out method for cross‐validation, an assessment of the likelihood of the presence of a reference sample, fusion of the source probabilities from the respective classification models, and the calculation of metrics for assessing ensemble sourcing performance are described. Excellent sourcing predictions were obtained; the sourcing algorithm identified the correct source as the top choice 89% of the time, and the correct source was identified to be an average of 2.7 times more likely than the most likely incorrect source.
Effect of Climate Warming and Drought on Urban Stream Temperatures in a Semiarid, Seasonal System
Authors: Stewart Iris T. , Engh Meghan K. , Parchem Claire P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStream temperatures are key indicators for aquatic ecosystem health, and are of particular concern in highly seasonal, water‐limited regions such as California that provide sensitive habitat for cold‐water species. Yet in many of these critical regions, the combined impacts of a warmer climate and urbanization on stream temperatures have not been systematically studied. We examined recent changes in air temperature and precipitation, including during the recent extreme drought, and compared the stream temperature responses of urban and nonurban streams under four climatic conditions and the 2008–2018 period. Metrics included changes in the magnitude and timing of stream temperatures, and the frequency of exceedance of ecologically relevant thresholds. Our results showed that minimum and average daily air temperatures in the region have increased by >1°C over the past 20 years, warming both urban and nonurban streams. Stream temperatures under drought warmed most (1°C–2°C) in late spring and early fall, effectively lengthening the summer warm season. The frequency of occurrence of periods of elevated stream temperatures was greater during warm climate conditions for both urban and nonurban streams, but urban streams experienced extreme conditions 1.5–2 times as often as nonurban streams. Our findings underscore that systematically monitoring and managing urban stream temperatures under climate change and drought is critically needed for seasonal, water‐limited urban systems.
Maximum likelihood estimation for outcome‐dependent samples
Authors: Clark Robert Graham 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn outcome‐dependent sampling, the continuous or binary outcome variable in a regression model is available in advance to guide selection of a sample on which explanatory variables are then measured. Selection probabilities may either be a smooth function of the outcome variable or be based on a stratification of the outcome. In many cases, only data from the final sample is accessible to the analyst. A maximum likelihood approach for this data configuration is developed here for the first time. The likelihood for fully general outcome‐dependent designs is stated, then the special case of Poisson sampling is examined in more detail. The maximum likelihood estimator differs from the well‐known maximum sample likelihood estimator, and an information bound result shows that the former is asymptotically more efficient. A simulation study suggests that the efficiency difference is generally small. Maximum sample likelihood estimation is therefore recommended in practice when only sample data is available. Some new smooth sample designs show considerable promise.
Long‐term outcome of patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis responding to intravenous steroids
Authors: Salameh Robert , Kirchgesner Julien , Allez Matthieu , Carbonnel Franck , Meyer Antoine , Gornet Jean‐Marc , Beaugerie Laurent , Amiot Aurelien 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe long‐term outcome of patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) responding to intravenous steroids (IVS) has been poorly reported.AimsTo assess relapse‐free survival in patients with ASUC responding to IVS.MethodsBetween January 2006 and December 2017, 142 consecutive patients with ASUC (according to modified Truelove‐and‐Witts criteria) responding to IVS were included in this multicentre retrospective study. Relapse was defined by a partial Mayo Clinic score >4 and/or the need for another maintenance therapy.ResultsAmong the 142 included patients (100 naïve of immunomodulator and/or biological agent) hospitalised for ASUC, 59 (41.5%) were treated at discharge with 5‐aminosalicylic acid, 60 (42%) with immunomodulators, 18 (13%) with anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents and 5 (3.5%) with vedolizumab. After a median follow‐up of 4.8 (2.6‐7.3) years, 90 (63.4%) had relapsed and 12 (8.5%) had required colectomy. The probabilities of relapse‐free survival were 58%, 48% and 40% at 1, 2 and 5 years respectively. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that patients with <6 liquid stools per day at day 3 (hazard ratio 0.56, 95%CI [0.34‐0.91]), a partial Mayo Clinic score <2 at day 5 (0.41 [0.21‐0.80]) and anti‐TNF maintenance therapy (0.37 [0.16‐0.87]) were less likely to relapse. The probabilities of colectomy‐free survival were 96%, 95% and 91% at 1, 2 and 5 years respectively.ConclusionDespite a high relapse rate, patients with ASUC responding to IVS had a low rate of colectomy after 5 years of follow‐up. Early response to IVS and maintenance therapy with biological agents were associated with a lower rate of relapse.
Improving junior doctor medicine prescribing and patient safety: An intervention using personalised, structured, video‐enhanced feedback and deliberate practice
Authors: Green William , Shahzad Muhammad Waseem , Wood Stephen , Martinez Martinez Maria , Baines Andrew , Navid Ahmad , Jay Robert , Whysall Zara , Sandars John , Patel Rakesh 
Published: April 2020

AimsThis research investigated the effectiveness of an intervention for improving the prescribing and patient safety behaviour among Foundation Year doctors. The intervention consisted of simulated clinical encounters with subsequent personalised, structured, video‐enhanced feedback and deliberate practice, undertaken at the start of four‐month sub‐specialty rotations.MethodsThree prospective, non‐randomised control intervention studies were conducted, within two secondary care NHS Trusts in England. The primary outcome measure, error rate per prescriber, was calculated using daily prescribing data. Prescribers were grouped to enable a comparison between experimental and control conditions using regression analysis. A break‐even analysis evaluated cost‐effectiveness.ResultsThere was no significant difference in error rates of novice prescribers who received the intervention when compared with those of experienced prescribers. Novice prescribers not participating in the intervention had significantly higher error rates (P = .026, 95% confidence interval [CI] Wald 0.093 to 1.436; P = .026, 95% CI 0.031 to 0.397) and patients seen by them experienced significantly higher prescribing error rates (P = .007, 95% CI 0.025 to 0.157). Conversely, patients seen by the novice prescribers who received the intervention experienced a significantly lower rate of significant errors compared to patients seen by the experienced prescribers (P = .04, 95% CI −0.068 to −0.001). The break‐even analysis demonstrates cost‐effectiveness for the intervention.ConclusionSimulated clinical encounters using personalised, structured, video‐enhanced feedback and deliberate practice improves the prescribing and patient safety behaviour of Foundation Year doctors. The intervention is cost‐effective with potential to reduce avoidable harm.
Nitric oxide affects cisplatin cytotoxicity oppositely in A2780 and A2780‐CDDP cells via the connexin32/gap junction
Authors: Fan Lixia , Zheng Ningze , Peng Fuhua , Zhao Ziyu , Fan Di , Cai Shaoyi , Tao Liang , Wang Qin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChemoresistance is a main obstacle in ovarian cancer therapy and new treatment strategies and further information regarding the mechanism of the medication cisplatin are urgently needed. Nitric oxide has a critical role in modulating the activity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Our previous work showed that connexin32 contributed to cisplatin resistance. However, whether nitric oxide is involved in connexin32‐mediated cisplatin resistance remains unknown. In this study, using A2780 and A2780 cisplatin‐resistant cells, we found that S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl‐penicillamine, a nitric oxide donor, attenuated cisplatin toxicity by decreasing gap junctions in A2780 cells. Enhancement of gap junctions using retinoic acid reversed the effects of S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl‐penicillamine on cisplatin toxicity. In A2780 cisplatin‐resistant cells, however, S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl‐penicillamine enhanced cisplatin toxicity by decreasing connexin32 expression. Downregulation of connexin32 expression by small interfering RNA exacerbated the effects of S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl‐penicillamine on cisplatin cytotoxicity and upregulation of connexin32 expression by pcDNA transfection reversed the effects of S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl‐penicillamine on cisplatin cytotoxicity. Our study suggests for the first time that combining cisplatin with nitric oxide in clinical therapies for ovarian cancer should be avoided before cisplatin resistance emerges. The present study provides a productive area of further study for increasing the efficacy of cisplatin by combining cisplatin with the specific inhibitors or enhancers of nitric oxide in clinical treatment.
Risk management in Canada's agricultural sector in light of COVID‐19
Authors: Ker Alan P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe unexpected introduction and spread of COVID‐19 has presented significant challenges for every aspect of Canadian society. Although the food and agricultural sector is positioned better than most, there are many risks that will need to be managed in the coming months. The suite of Federal‐Provincial‐Territorial Business Risk Management (BRM) programs delivered under the Canadian Agricultural Policy framework are meant to assist farmers in managing risks; however, there are no corresponding specialized programs for agribusinesses. The underlying structure of the BRM program was developed decades ago and certainly not with any thought to the possibility of a global pandemic. This article considers to what extent the BRM program and, more broadly, government programming will assist farmers in managing new risks. By default, the article is speculative in nature given that we are currently at the onset of the pandemic in Canada.
Exploring and Exploiting Uncertainty: Statistical Learning Ability Affects How We Learn to Process Language Along Multiple Dimensions of Experience
Authors: Divjak Dagmar , Milin Petar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhile the effects of pattern learning on language processing are well known, the way in which pattern learning shapes exploratory behavior has long gone unnoticed. We report on the way in which individual differences in statistical pattern learning affect performance in the domain of language along multiple dimensions. Analyzing data from healthy monolingual adults' performance on a serial reaction time task and a self‐paced reading task, we show how individual differences in statistical pattern learning are reflected in readers' knowledge of linguistic co‐occurrence patterns and in their exploration and exploitation of content‐specific and task‐general information. First, we investigated the extent to which an individual's pattern learning correlates with his or her sensitivity to systematic morphological and syntactic co‐occurrences, as evidenced while reading authentic sentences. We found that the stream of morphological and syntactic information has a more pronounced effect on the reading speed of, as we will label them, content‐sensitive learners in that the more probable the co‐occurrence pattern, the faster their reading of that pattern will be. Next, we investigated how differences in pattern learning are reflected in the ways in which individuals approach the reading task itself and adapt to it. Casting this relation in terms of exploration/exploitation strategies, known from Reinforcement Learning, we conclude that content‐sensitive learners are also more likely to initially probe (explore) a wider range of directly relevant patterns, which they can later use (exploit) to optimize their reading performance further. By affecting exploratory behavior, pattern learning influences the information that is gathered and becomes available for exploitation, thereby increasing the effect pattern learning has on language cognition.
Geopolitics, Food Security, and Imaginings of the State in Qatar’s Desert Landscape
Authors: Monroe Kristin V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn June 2017, a geopolitical crisis that emerged in the Arab Gulf between Qatar and several of its neighboring countries resulted in the severing of diplomatic ties and the imposition of a land, sea, and air embargo on Qatar. This article explores how the import, production, and consumption of food in Qatar came to constitute a key geopolitical axis during the first year of the crisis. Building on scholarly work that examines food as not just a part of the economic and social fields but also a form of political engagement, I argue that food became an important arena of politics during the blockade in several ways. First, the state’s reorganization of trade networks and its support for Qatari agricultural production became a site for the expansion of the state’s food security agenda. Second, the consumption of food—and the physical space of the supermarket itself—became a geopolitical battleground as new trade arrangements led to the replacement of products made by “blockading countries” with those from alternative ones. The intensification of local agricultural production, in turn, forged a “buy local” consumer culture that shaped, and was shaped by, nationalist sentiments. Looking closely at the import, production, and consumption of food during the blockade illuminates the ways in which food is an everyday medium through which state ideologies and state imaginings of the nation are constructed and circulated.
Transfer of basic science knowledge in a problem‐based learning curriculum
Authors: Ali Kamran , Cockerill Josephine , Bennett Jon H. , Belfield Louise , Tredwin Christopher 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate transfer of basic science knowledge for clinical application in our BDS programme by exploring the correlations between student performance in integrated dental science (IDS) examinations and applied dental knowledge (ADK) tests.MethodsNumeric test scores were drawn from summative IDS and ADK assessments undertaken by BDS students spanning six academic years (2013‐14 to 2018‐19) for two cohorts (2013 and 2014). The data included a total of 13 test scores for each cohort with four IDS tests, taken in Years 1 and 2, and nine ADK tests taken in Years 3, 4 and 5.ResultsThe sample included 120 students across both cohorts with 65 females (54%) and 55 males (46%). The correlation coefficients between the successive tests and the combinations of IDS and ADK scores were positive, all being greater than 0.48, and all being significantly correlated (P < .001). Regarding correlation between standardised averages across all IDS tests and all ADK tests, performance remained significantly correlated: (2013 cohort: r (53) = .667, P < .001; 2014 cohort: r (50) = .700, P < .001).ConclusionsThe results of this study show that the students’ knowledge of basic sciences correlates with their applied dental knowledge and may offer a predictive value. These findings may be attributed to a PBL curriculum and student‐led learning at our school.
Antimicrobial activity, toxicity and accumulated hard‐tissue debris (AHTD) removal efficacy of several chelating agents
Authors: Giardino L. , Bidossi A. , Del Fabbro M. , Savadori P. , Maddalone M. , Ferrari L. , Ballal N. V. , Das S. , Rao B. S. S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the antimicrobial, toxicity and cleaning effectiveness of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and maleic acid (MA) alone and combined with cetrimide (CTR).MethodologyCytotoxic and genotoxic effects were assessed on Chinese hamster cells V79 using the MTT, clonogenic and micronucleus assays, respectively. The bacterial inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC, respectively) were determined on a strain of Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrobial tests were performed on a biofilm model after treatment with the chelating agents by using a biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) assays. Quantification of cell biomass and percentage of live and dead cells in the biomass were assessed for each group. The percentage reduction of accumulated hard‐tissue debris (AHTD) after root canal preparation and final irrigation protocols was evaluated by micro‐CT. Statistical tests of one‐way analysis of variance (anova), Bonferroni test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Dunn’s multiple comparison test and Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed‐rank tests were used.ResultsCetrimide alone as well as in combination with EDTA and MA at dilutions of 1/10 and 1/100 was significantly more toxic as compared to untreated controls (P < 0.001). All tested mixtures were nontoxic at a dilution of 1/1000. EDTA retained a weak inhibitory and bactericidal effect against planktonic cells, whilst MA inhibited cells growth and killed 99.9% of the cells when diluted. CTR revealed the most prominent effect, being inhibitory and bactericidal, also when diluted. Cetrimide alone or combined with EDTA was able to remove, respectively, 40% (P < 0.01) and 60% (P < 0.001) of the entire biomass after 1 min. Conversely, MA alone and in combination with CTR did not have a significant effect on biomass reduction. After final irrigation, the AHTD volume was significantly decreased in all groups (P < 0.05). EDTA + CTR and MA + CTR were associated with a significant reduction in the percentage of AHTD on the entire root canal compared to the same solutions without surfactant.Conclusions7% MA was less cytotoxic in comparison with 17% EDTA. The addition of cetrimide to EDTA and MA removed accumulated hard‐tissue debris effectively from the canal walls and increased their antimicrobial activity when compared to the same solutions without detergents.