bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract B044: PVT1 exons 4A and 4B overexpressed in prostate cancer in black males regulate prostate epithelial cell proliferation and migration
Authors: Pal Gargi , Ogunwobi Olorunseun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer-specific deaths in the United States, accounting for approximately 13% of cancer-related deaths. PCa is also the leading cancer in terms of incidence and mortality in men from Africa and the Caribbean. PCa is a multifactorial, complex disease, with the exact mechanisms for its development and progression unclear. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of PCa is necessary. This will aid in the discovery of novel and efficacious biomarkers with applications in early PCa detection and molecular therapeutic targeting. The non-protein coding gene locus Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation (PVT1) is located at 8q24 and is overexpressed in PCa. PVT1 has at least 12 exons that make separate transcripts having different functions. We have recently shown that PVT1 exons 4A and 4B are significantly overexpressed in prostate cancer tissues of Black males and are potential clinical biomarkers for prostate cancer in Black males. In this study, the role of PVT1 exons 4A and 4B in the migration and proliferation of prostate epithelial cells was examined. PVT1 exons 4A and 4B gene fragments were cloned into plasmid expression vectors and transfected into the RWPE1 prostate epithelial cell line to examine their effect on prostate epithelial cell proliferation and migration. We observed that overexpression of either PVT1 exon 4A, or PVT1 exon 4B significantly increased prostate epithelial cell migration and proliferation. This indicates that PVT1 exons 4A and 4B are functional biomarkers for prostate cancer. Better understanding of the roles of PVT1 exons 4A and 4B in PCa may lead to the future possibility of exploiting them for diagnosis, therapy, and other clinical applications in PCa.
Citation Format: Gargi Pal, Olorunseun Ogunwobi. PVT1 exons 4A and 4B overexpressed in prostate cancer in black males regulate prostate epithelial cell proliferation and migration [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B044.
Abstract B045: Exosomal microRNAs are associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness in African American patients
Authors: Ali Hamdy E.A. , Gaballa Rofaida , Sholl Andrew S. , Gaballah Mohamed , Bustamante Juan J. , Zanwar Preeti , Ali Hamed I. , Abd Elmageed Zakaria Y. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The morbidity and mortality rates of prostate cancer (PCa) in African American (AA) are 2-3 times higher than European American (EuA) men. The molecular mechanisms underlying the aggressiveness of PCa have not fully identified. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic/prognostic utility of exosomal microRNAs (miRs) to classify PCa patients according their race and aggressive phenotype in AA patients. Their functional role in tumor aggressiveness was also determined.
Methods: Exosomes were isolated from the conditioned media of AA and EuA PCa cell lines. The expression of miRs was validated in exosomes, free-circulating plasma, and FFPE tissue specimens of forty AA and EuA patients using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of exosomal miRs to classify prostate cancer patients according their race and aggressiveness were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. To study the functional significance of exosomal miRs, cell proliferation, clonogenic, cell cycle and migration assays were performed in PCa cells transfected with miR-3128.
Results: Differential expression of exosomal miR-3613-3p, miR-3218, miR-3679, and miR-3680 was demonstrated in the plasma of AA versus EuA of PCa patients. While exosomal miR-3613 and miR-3679 (p&lt;0.05) were upregulated, free-circulating miRs downregulated (p&lt;0.05) in the plasma of AA versus EuA patients. The accuracy of miR-3679 to discriminate AA from EuA was improved when combined with the other three miRs (AUC jumped from 0.717 to 0.897). Intriguingly, miR-3128 showed a dual role in AA versus EuA cells. Overexpression of miR-3128 increased the cell growth in AA cells while it did the opposite in EuA cells. These data were recapitulated by migration, cell cycle and clonogenic assays.
Conclusion: Our findings underline the role of exosomal miRs in health disparity of PCa. The differential expression of miRs in AA men demonstrates their reliability as biomarkers and their potential role in promoting tumor aggressiveness in
AA men.
Citation Format: Hamdy E.A. Ali, Rofaida Gaballa, Andrew S. Sholl, Mohamed Gaballah, Juan J. Bustamante, Preeti Zanwar, Hamed I. Ali, Zakaria Y. Abd Elmageed. Exosomal microRNAs are associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness in African American patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B045.
Abstract B063: Polyethnic-1000: Advancing cancer genomics by studying ethnically diverse, underserved patient populations in New York
Authors: Robine Nicolas , Froeling Fieke , Hubert Benjamin , Zody Michael C. , Oschwald Dayna , Varmus Harold , Sawyers Charles , Tuveson David 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies have revolutionized approaches to the prevention, risk assessment, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancers. However, many ethnic groups, especially nonEuropean populations, have been significantly underrepresented in cancer research, including clinical trials, and have not received equal benefits in clinical practice. As a result, our current knowledge about tumor biology, cancer risk, and response to treatment has primarily been derived from patients of European descent. These inequities limit our understanding of the many types of cancer and may exacerbate health disparities in the United States. In this proposal, we address both the scientific and social issues by creating a dynamic research platform within the greater New York area that promises to enhance the ways in which cancer is prevented, diagnosed, and treated. This initiative, named Polyethnic-1000, will involve patients and staff at several academic health centers and partner hospitals in the New York City region. It will use the genomics and informatics capabilities of the New York Genome Center to determine how inherited and somatically acquired genetic variations affect the behavior of cancers occurring in ethnically diverse populations. In a first, retrospective phase, we will establish the workflow from sample acquisition to whole-exome and RNA sequencing, data analysis, and data sharing within the consortium. Then we will start a prospective study enabling the formation of cohorts of interest for particular cancer types and particular ethnicities, with uniform consent allowing broad data sharing of the somatic variants identified. Polyethnic-1000 will establish a framework to enhance interactions among our region's academic and health centers to advance cancer genomics. These efforts should improve and widen the use of genomics for all, especially currently underserved ethnic minority populations.
Citation Format: Nicolas Robine, Fieke Froeling, Benjamin Hubert, Michael C. Zody, Dayna Oschwald, Harold Varmus, Charles Sawyers, David Tuveson. Polyethnic-1000: Advancing cancer genomics by studying ethnically diverse, underserved patient populations in New York [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B063.
Abstract B069: Ecological model links proto-oncogene to high susceptibility of Blacks to TRPV6-expressing metastatic cancers
Authors: Hilliard Constance B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: This ecological model traces the etiology of a certain class of metastatic cancers, which kills Blacks at more than twice the rate of Whites. These malignancies, defined by the uncontrolled proliferation of TRPV6 mRNA in mutagenic tissue, include metastatic prostate cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and colorectal and ovarian cancer. This study will show that the cause is an ethnic-specific haplotype of the TRPV6 calcium ion channel. This proto-oncogenic African TRPV6a variant is more calcium absorbent than the non-African/European TRPV6b allele. African-Americans inherited strong bones from their low-calcium-consuming (200-400 mg/day) Niger-Kordofanian West African ancestors. However, American Blacks are maladapted to the high-calcium food environment of the U.S. This research shows that the ancestral TRPV6a allele can become invasively oncogenic when overexposed to free calcium ions, leading to the aforementioned class of cancers.
Methods: Analyses of the incidence of TRPV6-expressing cancers in Blacks and Whites as a function of dietary consumption are conducted.
Results: These data show a direct correlation between levels of calcium intake in Blacks, who carry the ancestral TRPV6a calcium ion channel, and incidence of the following hormonal cancers: metastatic prostate cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, colorectal cancer and ovarian cancer.
Summary: Because the African TRPV6a calcium ion channel variant is more absorbent of free calcium ions than its non-African counterpart, this ecological model shows that carriers of this variant are at increased risk of metastatic prostate cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and ovarian and colorectal cancers, when exposed to high-calcium food environments.
Conclusions: Hypersensitivity to Ca2+ triggers certain metastatic cancers in Blacks, characterized by the upregulation of TRPV6 transcript. Lidocaine and SOR-C-13, a peptide derived from the saliva of the short-tail shrew, are identified as potential TRPV6 calcium channel inhibitors.
Citation Format: Constance B. Hilliard. Ecological model links proto-oncogene to high susceptibility of Blacks to TRPV6-expressing metastatic cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B069.
Abstract B072: Cadmium elicits a differential cytotoxic response in triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Godfrey Sherette , Rorie Checo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Understanding the relationship between heavy metal exposure and triple-negative breast cancer cells may help to elucidate the high breast cancer mortality rate and health disparity in African-American women, as they may be exposed to these heavy metals at higher rates and/or their cells may react more negatively to the heavy metals when compared to their Caucasian counterparts. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for about 15% of all breast cancers and is characterized by cancer cells that lack the expression of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2/Neu receptors. For this reason, TNBC cells do not respond to hormone therapies or HER2/Neu targeted treatments. The human body utilizes some metals in small amounts as micronutrients; however, many metals such as cadmium-2, chromium-6, arsenic, lead, and mercury that are introduced to the body are not needed physiologically. Human exposure to trace metals in higher-than-needed amounts or exposure to nonessential metals can cause damage to the body as they can be toxic or even carcinogenic. Here we expose the TNBC cell line HCC 1806 to Cadmium-2. While less is known about the long-term carcinogenic potential of cadmium exposure in the broader population and for other organs, evidence suggests its potential association to lung, breast, and endometrial cancer and mortality. Previous lab data revealed that exposure to high concentrations of Cadimum-2 ions causes a differential cytotoxic cell death response in TNBC cells and demonstrates different genotoxic targets and implications in their mutagenic potential when HCC 1806 cell lines were exposed to this ion. Here, the cell line HCC 1806 has been treated with 5 ug/ml of Cadmium-2 ion, revealing increased toxicity using the lactate dehydrogenases assay (LDH), decreased viability (MTS assay), and flow cytometry reveals an abrogation of the cell cycle. The LDH assay revealed that the cells exposed to cadmium resulted in a P-value less than 0.0001 and assay data present percent cytotoxicity of 5.1 and 10.7, respectively, for control and treated cells. The MTS assay alongside trypan blue exclusion assay demonstrated a trend of decreasing viability among the treated cells. The flow cytometric analysis revealed an increase in the S-Phase in the cadmium treated cells compared to the controls. These results are potentially early indicators of a molecular effect of Cd ions on breast cancer cells that could elucidate the role that cadmium may play in promoting the aggressive behavior of TNBC or could potentially lead to future treatment regiments.
Citation Format: Sherette Godfrey, Checo Rorie. Cadmium elicits a differential cytotoxic response in triple-negative breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B072.
Abstract B092: Promoting HPV vaccination among adolescent girls in Ghana, West Africa: A case study
Authors: Cudjoe Joycelyn , Cudjoe Dora , Brakatu Bernard Fiifi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among Ghanaian women. Although there are vaccines available to protect women against human papillomavirus (HPV), the virus that causes cervical cancer, the use of cervical cancer screening and prevention services among Ghanaian women remains low. In addition, many people in Ghana still reside in areas where access to health care services such as vaccinations and cancer screening is limited.
Description: Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, established a pilot HPV vaccine program to provide subsidized HPV vaccines to young girls living in low-income countries with a high cervical cancer burden. To be eligible, countries must demonstrate their capacity to vaccinate more than 50% of young girls between ages 9-13 years living in an average-sized district or community. In November 2013, the Ghanaian government partnered with Gavi to provide subsidized vaccines to over 6,000 girls living in seventeen districts in the Greater Accra, Central and Northern regions.
Lessons Learned: Lack of political commitment is a challenge to the successful implementation of the HPV vaccine program in Ghana. Financial uncertainty, logistical problems such as poor infrastructure, lack of public buy-in, and the lack of relevant scientific data to inform decision making are threats to the successful implementation of the HPV vaccine initiative in Ghana.
Conclusion: To improve vaccination coverage rate, we recommend that the Ghanaian government commits to making HPV vaccination a health priority. Community participation and buy-in must be strengthened through active advertisement and outreach programs. This case study has also given an indication of the importance of further studies on the burden of cervical cancer in Ghana and cost effectiveness of an HPV vaccine initiative.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Joycelyn Cudjoe, Dora Cudjoe, Bernard Fiifi Brakatu. Promoting HPV vaccination among adolescent girls in Ghana, West Africa: A case study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B092.
Abstract B093: Cervical cancer screening among Blacks: A comparative analysis from the 2010-2014 National Health Interview Surveys
Authors: Cudjoe Joycelyn 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Pap testing has decreased cervical cancer incidence in the United States. However, persons of African descent are disproportionately burdened and experience worse health outcomes due to underutilization of screening services.
Purpose: Identify and compare the prevalence of Pap smear testing among African-American (AA), African immigrant (AI) and Afro-Caribbean (AC) women living in the United States.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using the 2010-2014 National Health Interview Survey data. Females of African descent, aged of 21-65, categorized into the 3 subgroups were included. We analyzed the prevalence of ever receiving Pap test and performed multivariate logistic regression to compare the likelihood of Pap testing among the 3 groups.
Results: Total of 3,740 respondents comprising 3,373 (90%) AA, 163 (4%) AI and 204 (6%) AC. 92% of AA reported Pap testing in the past, compared to 86% AC and 68% AI. After adjusting for age, marital status, insurance, education and income, the odds of Pap testing were 86% lower among AI [OR: 0.14,] and 56% lower among AC women [OR: 0.44] than AA.
Conclusion: This study highlights importance of addressing cancer screening needs of each subgroup separately. Studies on the impact of culture on the subgroups' screening behaviors are needed.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Joycelyn Cudjoe. Cervical cancer screening among Blacks: A comparative analysis from the 2010-2014 National Health Interview Surveys [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B093.
Abstract B120: [Advocate Abstract] Let's create a generation of proactive consciousness
Authors: Hardy Fred 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
My mission is to narrow the scope of confusion that the lack of information concerning cancer that can devastate so many families because of late or undetected or lack of awareness and to promote a proactive attitude toward one's own health. This will be accomplished by talking to people about cancer screening, disseminating information, encouraging people to be proactive and stay on top of their health, and referring people to Karmanos to get checked. For example, conversations can be started by asking men if they know their PSA number, or about how their general health is, or about their family history of cancer. In the African American community men will often not go to the doctor if they feel healthy.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Fred Hardy. [Advocate Abstract] Let's create a generation of proactive consciousness [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B120.
Abstract C018: Disparity subtyping: Bringing precision medicine closer to disparity science
Authors: Rao J. Sunil , Yu Huilin , Dazard Jean-Eudes 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The genomics revolution also spawned the dawn of precision medicine. As in the National Research Council definition, if its promise is fully realized, then more accurate decisions about individual patient treatment decisions and outcomes will be possible. Disparities researchers have also begun looking to the precision medicine paradigm with the hope that some incorporation of its principles will allow for a more focused and precise path forward to reduce population disparities. While the emphasis may switch to populations from individuals, central to the paradigm still is the ability to classify individuals into subpopulations who differ in meaningful ways with respect to underlying biology and outcomes. Identification of these subpopulations is an active area of precision medicine research. For instance, there are countless papers on molecular subtyping of various cancer phenotypes. How to do such a thing in disparity science has proven elusive since it requires identifying disparity subpopulations, which is a somewhat abstract concept. In this paper we present two different strategies—level set identification and peeling. The former is based on a recursive partitioning algorithm combined with clustering of similar partitions; the latter adopts a strategy of sequentially searching for and then extracting extreme difference subgroups in a population. Using series of simulation studies and then also studying various cancer outcomes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) repository, we demonstrate that such disparity subtypes can indeed be found, characterized, and then validated on test data.
Citation Format: J. Sunil Rao, Huilin Yu, Jean-Eudes Dazard. Disparity subtyping: Bringing precision medicine closer to disparity science [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C018.