bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-mass Group Environments Have No Substantial Impact on the Circumgalactic Medium Metallicity
Authors: Pointon Stephanie K. , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Nielsen Nikole M. , Murphy Michael T. , Muzahid Sowgat , Churchill Christopher W. , Charlton Jane C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We explore how environment affects the metallicity of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) using 13 low-mass galaxy groups (two to five galaxies) at

identified near background quasars. Using quasar spectra from the Hubble Space Telescope/COS and from Keck/HIRES or the Very Large Telescope/UVES, we measure column densities of or determine limits on CGM absorption lines. We use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach with Cloudy to estimate metallicities of cool (T ∼ 104 K) CGM gas within groups and compare them to CGM metallicities of 47 isolated galaxies. Both group and isolated CGM metallicities span a wide range (−2 < [Si/H] < 0), where the mean group (−0.54 ± 0.22) and isolated (−0.77 ± 0.14) CGM metallicities are similar. Group and isolated environments have similar distributions of

column densities as a function of impact parameter. However, contrary to isolated galaxies, we do not find an anticorrelation between

column density and the nearest group galaxy impact parameter. We additionally divided the groups by member luminosity ratios (i.e., galaxy–galaxy and galaxy–dwarf groups). While there was no significant difference in their mean metallicities, a modest increase in sample size should allow one to statistically identify a higher CGM metallicity in galaxy–dwarf groups compared to galaxy–galaxy groups. We conclude that either environmental effects have not played an important role in the metallicity of the CGM at this stage and expect that this may only occur when galaxies are strongly interacting or merging or that some isolated galaxies have higher CGM metallicities due to past interactions. Thus, environment does not seem to be the cause of the CGM metallicity bimodality.
Detection and Classification of Astronomical Targets with Deep Neural Networks in Wide-field Small Aperture Telescopes
Authors: Jia Peng , Liu Qiang , Sun Yongyang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Wide-field small aperture telescopes are widely used for optical transient observations. Detection and classification of astronomical targets in observed images are the most important and basic step. In this paper, we propose an astronomical target detection and classification framework based on deep neural networks. Our framework adopts the concept of the Faster R-CNN and uses a modified Resnet-50 as a backbone network and a feature pyramid network to extract features from images of different astronomical targets. To increase the generalization ability of our framework, we use both simulated and real observation images to train the neural network. After training, the neural network could detect and classify astronomical targets automatically. We test the performance of our framework with simulated data and find that our framework has almost the same detection ability as that of the traditional method for bright and isolated sources and our framework has two times better detection ability for dim targets, albeit all celestial objects detected by the traditional method can be classified correctly. We also use our framework to process real observation data and find that our framework can improve 25% detection ability than that of the traditional method when the threshold of our framework is 0.6. Rapid discovery of transient targets is quite important and we further propose to install our framework in embedded devices such as the Nvidia Jetson Xavier to achieve real-time astronomical targets detection and classification abilities.
Fourth-order Coronagraph for High-contrast Imaging of Exoplanets with Off-axis Segmented Telescopes
Authors: Itoh Satoshi , Matsuo Taro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We propose a coronagraphic system with fourth-order null for off-axis segmented telescopes, which is sufficiently insensitive to the telescope pointing errors and finite angular diameter of the host star to enable high-contrast imaging of potentially habitable planets. The inner working angle of the coronagraphic system is close to 1λ/D, and there is no outer limit. The proposed coronagraphic system is made up of a new focal plane mask and an optimized Lyot stop with the second-order null. The new focal plane mask is an extension of the band-limited masks with a phase modulation. We construct a coronagraphic system with fourth-order null by placing two of the new coronagraph systems in succession to be orthogonal to each other. The proposed system is limited to narrow-band usage. The characteristics of the proposed coronagraph system are derived analytically, which includes (1) the leak of stellar lights due to the finite stellar diameter and pointing jitter of a telescope, and (2) the peak throughput. We achieve the performance simulations of this coronagraphic system based on these analytical expressions, considering a monochromatic light of 0.75 μm and an off-axis primary mirror with a diameter of 8.5 m. Thanks to the wide working area of the mask, the result shows that terrestrial planets orbiting K and G dwarfs can be detected under the condition that the telescope pointing jitter is less than 0.01λ/D ≈ 240 as. The proposed coronagraphic system is promising for the detection of potentially habitable planets with future space off-axis hexagonally segmented telescopes.
A Comprehensive Statistical Study of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Wang Feifei , Zou Yuan-Chuan , Liu Fuxiang , Liao Bin , Liu Yu , Chai Yating , Xia Lei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In order to obtain an overview of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), we need a full sample. In this paper, we collected 6289 GRBs (from GRB 910421 to GRB 160509A) from the literature, including their prompt emission, afterglow, and host galaxy properties. We hope to use this large sample to reveal the intrinsic properties of GRBs. We have listed all of the data in machine-readable tables, including the properties of the GRBs, correlation coefficients and linear regression results of two arbitrary parameters, and linear regression results of any three parameters. These machine-readable tables could be used as a data reservoir for further studies on the classifications or correlations. One may find some intrinsic properties from these statistical results. With these comprehensive tables, it is possible to find relations between different parameters and to classify the GRBs into different subgroups. Upon completion, they may reveal the nature of GRBs and may be used as tools like pseudo-redshift indicators, standard candles, etc. All of the machine-readable data and statistical results are available.
Generation of Solenoidal Modes and Magnetic Fields in Turbulence Driven by Compressive Driving
Authors: Lim Jeonghoon , Cho Jungyeon , Yoon Heesun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We perform numerical simulations of hydrodynamic (HD) and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence driven by compressive driving, to study the generation of solenoidal velocity components and the small-scale magnetic field. We mainly focus on the effects of mean magnetic field (B
0) and the sonic Mach number (M

s
). The dependence of solenoidal ratio (i.e., ratio of solenoidal to kinetic energies) and magnetic energy density on M

s
in compressively driven turbulence is already established, but that on B
0 is not yet. We also consider two different driving schemes in terms of the correlation timescale of forcing vectors: a finite-correlated driving and a delta-correlated driving. Our findings are as follows. First, when we fix the value of B
0, the solenoidal ratio after saturation increases as

increases. A similar trend is observed for generation of magnetic field when B
0 is small. Second, when we fix the value of

, HD and MHD simulations result in similar solenoidal ratios when B
0 is not strong (say, M
A ≳ 5, where M
A is Alfvén Mach number). However, the ratio increases when M
A ≲ 5. Roughly speaking, the magnetic energy density after saturation is a linearly increasing function of B
0 irrespective of M

s
. Third, generation of the solenoidal velocity component is not sensitive to numerical resolution, but that of magnetic energy density is mildly sensitive. Finally, when initial conditions are same, the finite-correlated driving always produces more solenoidal velocity and small-scale magnetic field components than the delta-correlated driving. We additionally analyze the vorticity equation to understand why higher

and B
0 yield a larger quantity of the solenoidal velocity component.
Aux limites de l’entendable : la violence sonore pubertaire
Authors: Brault Anthony 
Published: April 2020

L’auteur, s’appuyant nettement sur la théorie de D. Anzieu, cherche à montrer que l’enveloppe sonore du Soi est percée par l’irruption du sexuel génital impliquant un mouvement de déstructuration des limites du Soi et de ses fonctions : la contenance, qui fonde le sentiment de la continuité du Soi (limitation entre le dedans et le dehors), et l’individuation du Soi (limitation entre Soi et l’autre). Ce mouvement nommé violence sonore pubertaire est illustré à partir du mythe grec du dieu Pan.
Frontières spatio-temporelles du contrat de poids
Authors: Bonneau-Jamot Aurore 
Published: April 2020

Cet article propose une lecture spatio-temporelle du contrat de poids dans la prise en charge des patients anorexiques hospitalisés. Il y est envisagé comme une médiation thérapeutique à visée temporelle. Aux frontières spatiales du lieu de soin s’ajoutent en effet les frontières temporelles des poids de séparation et de sortie. Leur articulation produit un phénomène de « temps pondéral » qui se fait l’écho des mouvements psychiques du patient à l’égard de ses objets parentaux.
L’alcoolisme conjugué au féminin
Authors: Disy Alison , Smaniotto Barbara 
Published: April 2020

Les travaux antérieurs et contemporains ont en grande majorité étudié la problématique alcoolique au regard de l’alcoolisme masculin. Nous proposons dans cet article de conjuguer l’alcoolisme au féminin . Bien que n’étant pas le propre de la femme, nous envisagerons le lien entre alcoolisme et féminin à partir du suivi « au chevet » d’une patiente hospitalisée pour sevrage. Nous ferons l’hypothèse que, dans leur dimension paradoxale, l’acte de boire et l’objet-alcool rendraient compte à la fois d’un achoppement et d’une tentative d’intégration psychique du féminin.
Le meilleur est le plus trompeur. Quelques remarques à propos des Dissoi logoi 3
Authors: Gardella Hueso Mariana 
Published: April 2020

Les Dissoi logoi posent de nombreux problèmes d’interprétation. Partant du troisième chapitre du traité, cette étude cherche à montrer que la soi-disant « thèse de l’identité » n’établit pas l’identité des prédicats opposés, mais leur relativité : certaines actions, telles que mentir, voler ou tuer, pourraient être considérées comme tantôt justes, tantôt injustes selon le kairos , c’est-à-dire le moment précis où il faut agir. Les vers de Cléobuline et d’Eschyle cités en faveur de celle-ci non seulement transmettent des exemples d’actions normalement jugées injustes qui, dans certaines occasions, devraient être considérées comme justes, mais montrent aussi que la tâche créative des poètes et poétesses est un exemple de tromperie juste, ce qui constitue un argument additionnel en faveur de la thèse mentionnée.
Évolutions de l’Intelligence Artificielle : quels enjeux pour l’activité humaine et la relation Humain‑Machine au travail ?
Authors: Zouinar Moustafa 
Published: April 2020

Depuis quelques années, l’Intelligence Artificielle (IA) connaît un regain d’intérêt sans précédent grâce à d’importantes avancées technologiques, notamment dans le domaine de l’apprentissage machine (machine learning), qui étendent les capacités des ordinateurs et accroissent leurs performances dans un grand nombre de domaines (traitement du langage, compréhension de la parole, reconnaissance d’images, robotique, etc.). Ces avancées ouvrent de vastes perspectives en termes d’innovation technologique et d’automatisation dans les situations de travail. Cet article s’intéresse aux questions et enjeux soulevés par ces évolutions concernant l’activité humaine au travail. Il montre que la majorité des questions soulevées ne sont pas nouvelles. Il s’agit en particulier des questions concernant les incidences de l’automatisation sur le travail, et la manière d’envisager la répartition du travail et la relation entre Humain et IA. Certaines questions qui ne sont pas nouvelles se posent avec plus d’acuité, c’est le cas d’une part de « l’explicabilité » des systèmes d’IA basés sur l’apprentissage et, d’autre part, des conséquences à plus long terme de cet apprentissage sur l’activité humaine. Enfin, de nouvelles questions émergent, comme celles qui concernent plus particulièrement le travail avec des machines intelligentes qui exhibent des caractères anthropomorphes.
Simulating model uncertainty of subgrid-scale processes by sampling model errors at convective scales
Authors: Van Ginderachter Michiel , Degrauwe Daan , Vannitsem Stéphane , Termonia Piet 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Ideally, perturbation schemes in ensemble forecasts should be based on the statistical properties of the model errors.
Often, however, the statistical properties of these model errors are unknown.
In practice, the perturbations are pragmatically modelled and tuned to maximize the skill of the ensemble forecast. In this paper a general methodology is developed to diagnose the model error, linked to a specific physical process, based on a comparison between a target and a reference model.
Here, the reference model is a configuration of the ALADIN (Aire Limitée Adaptation Dynamique Développement International) model with a parameterization of deep convection.
This configuration is also run with the deep-convection parameterization scheme switched off, degrading the forecast skill.
The model error is then defined as the difference of the energy and mass fluxes between the reference model with scale-aware deep-convection parameterization
and the target model without deep-convection parameterization. In the second part of the paper, the diagnosed model-error characteristics are used to stochastically perturb the fluxes of the target model
by sampling the model errors from a training period in such a way that the distribution and the vertical and multivariate correlation within a grid column are preserved.
By perturbing the fluxes it is guaranteed that the total mass, heat and momentum are conserved. The tests, performed over the period 11–20 April 2009, show that the ensemble system with the stochastic flux perturbations combined with the initial condition perturbations not only outperforms the target
ensemble, where deep convection is not parameterized, but for many variables it even performs better than the reference ensemble (with scale-aware deep-convection scheme).
The introduction of the stochastic flux perturbations reduces the small-scale erroneous spread while increasing the overall spread, leading to a more skillful ensemble.
The impact is largest in the upper troposphere with substantial improvements compared to other state-of-the-art stochastic perturbation schemes.
At lower levels the improvements are smaller or neutral, except for temperature where the forecast skill is degraded.
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Landscape and Horizon
Authors: Tang Laura H. 
Published: April 2020

Context.—
Since the initial description of pancreatic endocrine physiology and the recognition of islet cell tumors in the 1800s, there have been noteworthy advances in the pathobiology of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs), and definition of the important distinction between well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (PanNEC). The evolving knowledge has resulted in a continuous update in terminology, classification, and grading system for this group of neoplasms. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors associated with hereditary conditions have been linked to unique molecular and genetic events, and sporadic PanNETs have specific gene signatures. Based on accumulative experience and knowledge, therapeutic strategies have been defined for this group of neoplasms.

Objective.—
To review the evolution and description of the pathologic-genomic evolution of PanNENs, and to facilitate accurate pathologic interpretation for the corresponding clinical management.

Data Sources.—
Literature review of published studies and author's own work.

Conclusions.—
Evolving experience and knowledge have established subtypes of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, based on their genotype and phenotype. Accurate pathologic interpretation of the specific neoplasm has significant implications for therapy and prognosis.
The preclinical pharmacological study on HX0969W, a novel water-soluble pro-drug of propofol, in rats
Authors: Zhang YuJun , Jiang YingYing , Wang HaiYan , Wang Bin , Yang Jun , Kang Yi , Chen Jun , Liu Jin , Zhang Wen-sheng 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundPropofol is the most widely used intravenous sedative-hypnotic anesthetic in clinical practice. However, many serious side effects have been related to its lipid emulsion formulation. The pro-drug design approach was used to develop the water-soluble propofol, which could effectively resolve the limitations associated with the lipid emulsion formulation. Thus, the new water-soluble pro-drug of propofol, HX0969W, was designed and synthesized. The objective of this study was to conduct preclinical pharmacological studies on this novel water-soluble pro-drug of propofol.MethodsThe assessment of the loss of the righting reflex (LoRR) was used for the pharmacodynamic study, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography- fluorescence were used for the pharmacokinetic study.ResultsThe potency of HX0969W (ED50[95% CI], 46.49 [43.89–49.29] mg/kg) was similar to that of fospropofol disodium (43.66 [43.57–43.75] mg/kg), but was lower than that of propofol (4.82 [4.8–14.82] mg/kg). Administered with a dose of 2-fold ED50, propofol required a shorter time to cause LoRR than that of HX0969W and fospropofol. However, the LoRR duration was significantly longer in response to the administration of HX0969W and fospropofol disodium than that caused by propofol. In the pharmacokinetic study, the Cmaxof fospropofol was higher than that of HX0969W. HX0969W had a shorter mean residual time and a rapid clearance rate than that of fospropofol disodium. There was no significant difference between the Tmaxof the propofol whether it was released by HX0969W or fospropofol disodium; the Cmaxof propofol released by HX0969W was similar to that of propofol, which was higher than the propofol released by fospropofol disodium.
Personality, confirmation bias, and forensic interviewing performance
Authors: Melinder Annika , Brennen Tim , Husby Mikael Falkhaugen , Vassend Olav 
Published: April 2020

SummaryConfirmation bias is a universal characteristic of human cognition, with consequences for information processing and reasoning in everyday situations as well as in professional work such as forensic interviewing. Cognitive measures such as general intelligence are also related to personality traits, but there is a lack of research on personality and confirmation bias specifically. This study focuses, firstly, on the relationship between Big Five personality traits and confirmation bias as measured by the Wason selection task, and secondly, how these dispositions are related to observed performance in real forensic interviews of child victims. In a sample of police interviewers, Openness (i.e., the facets Ideas and Fantasy) and Neuroticism (i.e., the facets Anxiety and Vulnerability) were independently associated with confirmation bias (N = 72). Scores on the selection task, the Openness facet values, and the Extraversion facets Assertiveness and Activity were consistently related to interview performance (N = 46). Implications of these findings are discussed for the empirical and conceptual relations of cognitive ability to personality and for the selection and training of police interviewers and their professional development.
Dynamic Structural Color from Wrinkled Thin Films
Authors: Zhou Liangwei , Yang Lili , Liu Yang , Xu Zhao , Yin Jie , Ge Dengteng , Jiang Xuesong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStructural color caused by thin‐film interference is widespread and simple in nature. Many researchers have already showed the reversible color change of structural color system, but it is difficult to regulate dynamically with tunable intensity and viewable angle. Herein, a dynamic structural color platform is reported by combining spontaneous thin film interference and wrinkling phenomenon in nature. This robust yet low cost strategy enables large‐scale and spatially arbitrary preparation of a uniform structural color surface through the whole visible spectral range. Furthermore, the prepared isotropic and anisotropic structural colors on disordered and ordered wrinkled thin films (WTFs) exhibit different optical properties that can be precisely and reversibly regulated by ultraviolet (UV) light and near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation. This exquisite and tunable structural color platform may find applications in information storage, smart display, anticounterfeiting and encryption.
Supported Bifunctional Chiral Thioureas as Catalysts in the Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐2‐Oxindoles through Enantioselective aza‐Friedel‐Crafts Reaction: Application in Continuous Flow Processes
Authors: Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Marta , Maestro Alicia , Andrés José M. , Pedrosa Rafael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSupported cinchone‐derived thioureas promote highly enantioselective aza‐Friedel‐Crafts reaction of different naphthols with a variety of N‐Boc ketimines derived from isatin. The catalysts are recoverable and reusable, and one of the supported catalysts has been used in a flow process allowing the synthesis of 3‐amino‐2‐oxindole derivatives in multigram scale with high yield and enantioselectivity.magnified image
The apples and oranges of reference and potential evapotranspiration: Implications for agroecosystem models
Authors: DeJonge Kendall C. , Thorp Kelly R. , Marek Gary W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough standardized evapotranspiration (ET) methods have been available for decades, they are commonly misunderstood, miscommunicated, and misused, especially within the agroecosystem modeling community. Some models misapply or misname standardized ET methods unbeknownst to users, and there is confusion in communication between applied ET practitioners and agroecosystem modelers. By highlighting some of these issues, we demonstrate and suggest the need for improved and consistent communication and application of standardized ET methodology.