bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outbreak investigation of Serratia marcescens neurosurgical site infections associated with a contaminated shaving razors
Authors: Kim Eun Jin , Park Wan Beom , Yoon Jung-Ki , Cho Won-Sang , Kim Su Jung , Oh Young Rok , Jun Kang Il , Kang Chang Kyung , Choe Pyeong Gyun , Kim Jong-Il , Choi Eun Hwa , Oh Myoung Don , Kim Nam Joong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common healthcare-associated infection. We report an outbreak of neurosurgical site infections caused by Serratia marcescens after craniotomy in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods
Between August 6 and 21, 2018, five cases of early-onset SSI caused by S. marcescens after craniotomy were recorded in a 1786-bed tertiary care hospital. Cultures were collected from potential environmental sources and healthcare workers. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to investigate the genetic relationships among S. marcescens isolates.

Results
The outbreak involved five patients; S. marcescens was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid, pus, tissue, and blood samples from these patients. S. marcescens was also isolated from shaving razors and brushes. All S. marcescens isolates from the infected patients and razors showed the same resistance patterns on antibiotic-susceptibility tests. WGS revealed close clustering among four of five isolates from the patients and among three of four isolates from the razors. No additional patient developed S. marcescens infection after we stopped using the razors for scalp shaving.

Conclusions
We report an outbreak of neurosurgical site infections after craniotomy, which was associated with shaving razors contaminated by S. marcescens. Shaving scalps with razors should be avoided to prevent SSI.
Quality evaluation of different varieties of dry red wine based on nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics
Authors: Hu Boran , Gao Jin , Xu Shaochen , Zhu Jiangyu , Fan Xuemei , Zhou Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe metabolites that provide the aroma and flavor to wine are the products of several influences, such as grape cultivar, geographic location and associated environmental features, viticultural practices, and vinification techniques, which are central to production protocols, quality evaluation and development of wine regions. Accordingly, we initiated the requisite studies to investigate the differences in the dry red wine metabolites of different grape varieties. The proton-nuclear magnetic resonance technique (1H-NMR) combined with multivariate statistical analysis was used to investigate the changes of metabolite levels in Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Cabernet Gernischt dry red wines vinified in Changli, Hebei province, China, in 2017. The results showed that the types of metabolites in different varieties of dry red wines were similar, but the content was significantly different. The main contributors to the differences in Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Cabernet Gernischt dry red wines were ethyl acetate, lactic acid, alanine, succinic acid, proline, malic acid, and gallic acid, indicating 1H-NMR method combined with multivariate statistical analysis can distinguish these three types of dry red wines from each other. It provides a benchmark for further comparative study on wine quality and the verification of wine authenticity.
Inclusion of purified dietary fiber during gestation improved the reproductive performance of sows
Authors: Zhuo Yong , Feng Bo , Xuan Yuedong , Che Lianqiang , Fang Zhengfeng , Lin Yan , Xu Shengyu , Li Jian , Feng Bing , Wu De 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the impacts of guar gum and cellulose as the source of dietary fiber during gestation on the reproductive performance of sows.

Methods
A total of 210 sows (parities 3–6) were randomly allocated into six diets (n = 35) throughout gestation to feed graded levels of dietary fiber (DF), including a corn-soybean meal-based control diet with no wheat bran inclusion (CON, 12.5% DF), a wheat bran-rich diet (DF1, 17.4% DF), and another 4 diets (DF2, 17.7% DF; DF3, 18.1% DF; DF4, 18.4% DF; DF5, 18.8% DF) in which wheat bran were equally substituted by 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% purified FIBER MIX (guar gum and cellulose, 1:4). All sows received similar DE and other nutrients throughout gestation.

Results
DF treatment during gestation resulted in normal fecal score (1 to 5 with 1 = dry and 5 = watery) in sows compared with those received the CON diet (P <  0.05). The number of total born piglets had a tendency to be affected by dietary treatment (P = 0.07), and correlation analysis revealed a linear response of total born to dietary fiber levels during gestation (P < 0.01). Sows received the DF2, DF3, and DF5 diets during gestation had a greater ADFI during lactation compared with those in the CON group (P < 0.05) without affecting the daily body weight gain of suckling piglets. Gut microbiota compositions were dramatically changed by the gestation stage and some of those were changed by DF inclusion. Fecal acetate, propionate, and butyrate of sows were markedly increased in late gestation, and butyrate contents in feces of gestating sows were significantly affected by DF levels (P < 0.01). Serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory TNF-α were decreased and anti-inflammatory IL-10 was increased on day 30 of gestation by DF levels (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
In summary, increasing dietary fiber levels by guar gum and cellulose during gestation improved the reproductive performance of sows, which might be related to changes in immunity and gut microbiota of sows.
An investigation of genetic polymorphisms in heparan sulfate proteoglycan core proteins and key modification enzymes in an Australian Caucasian multiple sclerosis population
Authors: Okolicsanyi Rachel K. , Bluhm Julia , Miller Cassandra , Griffiths Lyn R. , Haupt Larisa M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system in young adults. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are ubiquitous to the cell surface and the extracellular matrix. HSPG biosynthesis is a complex process involving enzymatic attachment of heparan sulfate (HS) chains to a core protein. HS side chains mediate specific ligand and growth factor interactions directing cellular processes including cell adhesion, migration and differentiation. Two main families of HSPGs exist, the syndecans (SDC1-4) and glypicans (GPC1-6). The SDCs are transmembrane proteins, while the GPC family are GPI linked to the cell surface. SDC1 has well-documented interactions with numerous signalling pathways. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified regions of the genome associated with MS including a region on chromosome 13 containing GPC5 and GPC6. International studies have revealed significant associations between this region and disease development. The exostosin-1 (EXT1) and sulfatase-1 (SULF1) are key enzymes contributing to the generation of HS chains. EXT1, with documented tumour suppressor properties, is involved in the initiation and polymerisation of the growing HS chain. SULF1 removes 6-O-sulfate groups from HS chains, affecting protein-ligand interactions and subsequent downstream signalling with HS modification potentially having significant effects on MS progression. In this study, we identified significant associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in SDC1, GPC5 and GPC6 and MS in an Australian Caucasian case-control population. Further significant associations in these genes were identified when the population was stratified by sex and disease subtype. No association was found for EXT1 or SULF1.
Magnetic Resonance Elastography reveals effects of anti-angiogenic glioblastoma treatment on tumor stiffness and captures progression in an orthotopic mouse model
Authors: Schregel Katharina , Nowicki Michal O. , Palotai Miklos , Nazari Navid , Zane Rachel , Sinkus Ralph , Lawler Sean E. , Patz Samuel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Anti-angiogenic treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) complicates radiologic monitoring. We evaluated magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) as an imaging tool for monitoring the efficacy of anti-VEGF treatment of GBM.

Methods
Longitudinal studies were performed in an orthotopic GBM xenograft mouse model. Animals treated with B20 anti-VEGF antibody were compared to untreated controls regarding survival (n = 13), classical MRI-contrasts and biomechanics as quantified via MRE (n = 15). Imaging was performed on a 7 T small animal horizontal bore MRI scanner. MRI and MRE parameters were compared to histopathology.

Results
Anti-VEGF-treated animals survived longer than untreated controls (p = 0.0011) with progressively increased tumor volume in controls (p = 0.0001). MRE parameters viscoelasticity |G*| and phase angle Y significantly decreased in controls (p = 0.02 for |G*| and p = 0.0071 for Y). This indicates that untreated tumors became softer and more elastic than viscous with progression. Tumor volume in treated animals increased more slowly than in controls, indicating efficacy of the therapy, reaching significance only at the last time point (p = 0.02). Viscoelasticity and phase angle Y tended to decrease throughout therapy, similar as for control animals. However, in treated animals, the decrease in phase angle Y was significantly attenuated and reached statistical significance at the last time point (p = 0.04). Histopathologically, control tumors were larger and more heterogeneous than treated tumors. Vasculature was normalized in treated tumors compared with controls, which showed abnormal vasculature and necrosis. In treated tumors, a higher amount of myelin was observed within the tumor area (p = 0.03), likely due to increased tumor invasion. Stiffness of the contralateral hemisphere was influenced by tumor mass effect and edema.

Conclusions
Anti-angiogenic GBM treatment prolonged animal survival, slowed tumor growth and softening, but did not prevent progression. MRE detected treatment effects on tumor stiffness; the decrease of viscoelasticity and phase angle in GBM was attenuated in treated animals, which might be explained by normalized vasculature and greater myelin preservation within treated tumors. Thus, further investigation of MRE is warranted to understand the potential for MRE in monitoring treatment in GBM patients by complementing existing MRI techniques.
Study of desertification sensitivity in Talh region (Central Tunisia) using remote sensing, G.I.S. and the M.E.D.A.L.U.S. approach
Authors: Bedoui Chokri 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Tunisia is one of countries most affected by desertification. Sustainability of its resources, particularly agricultural ones, is closely dependent on it. Studies have multiplied to understand this phenomenon and consequently try to reduce its consequences on society. In recent decades, attempts have been made to find methods of forecasting and predicting desertification. Today, with significant progress made in remote sensing and GIS techniques, there is a better control of data from field, environment and society. This now makes it possible to produce documents that are much more accurate and reliable than before. This paper aims to assess sensitivity to desertification in a region of central Tunisia using remote sensing tools, GIS and guidelines of MEDALUS (Desertification and Land Use in the Mediterranean) model. Integration of different parameters with weighted values in a GIS system resulted in indices of climate, soil, vegetation and management.

Result
In almost all cases, indices reveal the preponderance of soils, vegetation, climate and management of moderate and especially poor quality. Overlaying the four indices by multiplying them according to model equation yields the final sensitivity index map. This index shows that study area is in an advanced stage of desertification since most of its surface area (82%) is in critical class. The rest is considered as fragile. Whole region is therefore placed in of high sensitivity classes of desertification. This situation is linked to a very poor vegetation cover, unstructured and low-developed soils, cultural practices based on tillage and high livestock numbers in regard to low natural grazing resources. It is also due to a farming system not taking into account soil natural vulnerability.

Conclusion
As natural resources, in current context of exploitation, cannot regenerate so quickly, pressure on environment is remarkable, exacerbating at the same time desertification problem. Continuing with current practices with clear signs of degradation may make situation irreversible in near future. Therefore, immediate action is necessary to stop degradation and preserve future generations’ resources.
Wetting properties of blood lipid fractions on different titanium surfaces
Authors: Koca Revan Birke , Güven Onur , Çelik Mehmet Sabri , Fıratlı Erhan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Blood is the first tissue contacting the implant surface and starting the biological interactions to enhance osseointegration and stimulate bone formation with the progenitor cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. The coagulation cascade initiates the first step of osseointegration between implant and neighboring tissues. The wound healing may be inadequate unless the blood wets the implant surface properly. Wettability is one of the most important features of the implant surface while lipid level constitutes a milestone that may change the energy of blood, which determines its distribution on implant material. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lipid component of blood as cholesterol and its treatment on their wetting behavior of titanium surfaces.

Methods
Five surface groups were formed including grade 4 titanium-machined, grade 4 titanium-SLA, grade 4 titanium-SLActive, Roxolid-SLA, and Roxolid-SLActive. In healthy, hyperlipidemic, and treatment situations, blood was taken from eight rabbits and dropped to the disc surfaces. Contact angles were measured between the blood samples and disc surfaces.

Results
A significant difference was found between both machined and SLActive surfaces, SLA and SLActive surfaces in the hyperlipidemic period, and only Roxolid-SLA and SLActive surfaces during the treatment period. When evaluated according to time, only grade 4-machined and Grade 4-SLA surfaces showed a significant difference.

Conclusions
Our findings indicated that each period has its own characteristics and showed the importance of cholesterol in blood structure on applicability of implant surfaces.
Feasibility of an implementation intervention to increase attendance at diabetic retinopathy screening: protocol for a cluster randomised pilot trial
Authors: Riordan Fiona , Racine Emmy , Smith Susan M. , Murphy Aileen , Browne John , Kearney Patricia M. , Bradley Colin , James Mark , Murphy Mark , McHugh Sheena M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic retinopathy screening (DRS) leads to the earlier detection of retinopathy and treatment that can prevent or delay the development of diabetes-related blindness. However, uptake continues to be sub-optimal in many countries, including Ireland. Routine management of type 2 diabetes largely takes place in primary care. As such, there may be an opportunity in primary care to introduce interventions to improve DRS uptake. However, few studies test the feasibility of interventions to enhance DRS uptake in this context. Our aim is to investigate the feasibility of an implementation intervention (IDEAs (Improving Diabetes Eye screening Attendance)) delivered in general practice to improve the uptake of the national DRS programme, RetinaScreen.MethodsThe IDEAs study is a cluster randomised pilot trial with an embedded process evaluation and economic evaluation. Following stratification by practice size, eight general practices (clusters) will be randomly allocated to intervention (n= 4) or wait-list control groups (n= 4). The intervention will be delivered for 6 months, after which, it will be administered to wait-list control practices. The intervention is multi-faceted and comprises provider-level components (training, audit and feedback, health care professional prompt, reimbursement) and patient-level components (GP-endorsed reminder with information leaflet delivered opportunistically face-to-face, and systematically by phone and letter). Patient inclusion criteria are type 1 or type 2 diabetes and DRS programme non-attendance. A multi-method approach will be used to determine screening uptake, evaluate the trial and study procedures and examine the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention from staff and patient perspectives. Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected on intervention uptake and delivery, research processes and outcomes. Data will be collected at the practice, health professional and patient level. A partial economic evaluation will be conducted to estimate the cost of delivering the implementation intervention in general practice. Formal continuation criteria will be used to determine whether IDEAs should progress to a definitive trial.DiscussionFindings will determine whether IDEAsis feasible and acceptable and will be used to refine the intervention and study procedures. A definitive trial will determine whether IDEAs is a cost-effective intervention to improve DRS uptake and reduce diabetes-related blindness.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT03901898. Registered 3rd April 2019,
Metabolic remodeling during somatic cell reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells: involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor 1
Authors: Ishida Tomoaki , Nakao Shu , Ueyama Tomoe , Harada Yukihiro , Kawamura Teruhisa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were first established from differentiated somatic cells by gene introduction of key transcription factors, OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC, over a decade ago. Although iPSCs can be applicable for regenerative medicine, disease modeling and drug screening, several issues associated with the utilization of iPSCs such as low reprogramming efficiency and the risk of tumorigenesis, still need to be resolved. In addition, the molecular mechanisms involved in the somatic cell reprogramming to pluripotency are yet to be elucidated. Compared with their somatic counterparts, pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells and iPSCs, exhibit a high rate of glycolysis akin to aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. This is known as the Warburg effect and is essential for maintaining stem cell properties. This unique glycolytic metabolism in iPSCs can provide energy and drive the pentose phosphate pathway, which is the preferred pathway for rapid cell proliferation. During reprogramming, somatic cells undergo a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis trigged by a transient OXPHOS burst, resulting in the initiation and progression of reprogramming to iPSCs. Metabolic intermediates and mitochondrial functions are also involved in the epigenetic modification necessary for the process of iPSC reprogramming. Among the key regulatory molecules that have been reported to be involved in metabolic shift so far, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) controls the transcription of many target genes to initiate metabolic changes in the early stage and maintains glycolytic metabolism in the later phase of reprogramming. This review summarizes the current understanding of the unique metabolism of pluripotent stem cells and the metabolic shift during reprogramming, and details the relevance of HIF1 in the metabolic shift.
Diagnostic accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient ratio in distinguishing common pediatric CNS posterior fossa tumors
Authors: Esa Marwa Mohamed Mahmoud , Mashaly Emad Mohammed , El-Sawaf Yasser Fouad , Dawoud Mohammed Mahmoud 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Pilocytic astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, and ependymoma are the most common pediatric CNS tumors seen at posterior cranial fossa and final diagnosis obtained by histopathology after surgical excision. Routine MRI study gives an idea about site and extension of the tumors but provide a little information about type and grade of tumors. ADC ratio had high sensitivity and specificity in differentiation between these tumors as regard type and grade according to tumor cellularity.

Patients and methods
Prospective study conducted on thirty pediatric patients (11 males and 19 females) with CNS posterior fossa masses, their ages ranged from 2 to 17 years (mean age of 8.7 years), conventional MRI, DWI, ADC value, and ADC ratio were done for all patients.

Results
ADC values were significantly different between pilocytic astrocytomas (1.43 ± 0.28 × 10−3) and medulloblastomas (0.71 ± 0. 21 × 10−3) with a P value < 0.001, also there was a significant difference when comparing medulloblastomas (0.71 ± 0.21 × 10−3) with ependymomas (1.04 × 10−3 ± 0.21) with a P value < 0.001. ADC ratio at a cutoff > 1.7 showed significant good power of discrimination of astrocytoma (AUC = 0.85) from ependymoma with 87.5% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity. Similarly, at cutoff ≤ 1.6-> 1.2 was a significant good predictor of ependymoma (AUC = 0.85) with 87.8% sensitivity and 99.5% specificity. While, ADC ratio ≤ 1.2 was significant excellent discriminator of medulloblastoma (AUC = 0.99) with 100% sensitivity and 90% specificity.

Conclusion
ADC ratio is a simple way used in distinguishing juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma, ependymoma, and medulloblastoma, which are the most frequent pediatric posterior fossa tumors. Cutoff ADC ratio of more than 1.7 characteristic of JPA with 87.5% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity, ADC ratio less than 1.1 characteristic of medulloblastoma with 100% sensitivity and 90% specificity. ADC ratios more than 1.1 and less than 1.7 characteristic of ependymoma with 87.8% sensitivity and 99.5% specificity. We recommended ADC ratio as a routine study in evaluation of pediatric CNS posterior fossa tumors.
Mutation of PFN1 Gene in an Early Onset, Polyostotic Paget-like Disease
Authors: Merlotti Daniela , Materozzi Maria , Bianciardi Simone , Guarnieri Vito , Rendina Domenico , Volterrani Luca , Bellan Cristiana , Mingiano Christian , Picchioni Tommaso , Frosali Alessandro , Orfanelli Ugo , Cenci Simone , Gennari Luigi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Context
Paget disease of bone (PDB) is a metabolic bone disease whose genetic cause remains unknown in up to 50% of familial patients.

Objective
Our aim was to investigate the underlying genetic defect in a large pedigree with a severe, early onset, autosomal dominant form of PDB across 3 generations.

Methods
Whole exome sequencing was performed in affected and unaffected family members, and then mutation screening was replicated in a sample of PDB patients with early-onset, polyostotic PDB.

Results
We identified a frameshift D107Rfs*3 mutation in PFN1 (encoding for profilin 1, a highly conserved regulator of actin-polymerization and cell motility) causing the truncation of the C-terminal part of the protein. The mutation was also detected in a 17-year-old asymptomatic family member who upon biochemical and radiological analyses was indeed found to be affected. Sequencing of the entire PFN1 coding region in unrelated PDB patients identified the same mutation in 1 patient. All mutation carriers had a reduced response to bisphosphonates, requiring multiple zoledronate infusions to control bone pain and achieve biochemical remission over a long term. In vitro osteoclastogenesis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from mutation carriers showed a higher number of osteoclasts with PDB-like features. A similar phenotype was observed upon PFN1 silencing in murine bone marrow-derived monocytes, suggesting that the frameshift PFN1 mutation confers a loss of function in profilin 1 activity that induces PDB-like features in the osteoclasts, likely due to enhanced cell motility and actin ring formation.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that PFN1 mutation causes an early onset, polyostotic PDB-like disorder.