bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ketogenic diet promotes apoptosis of tumor cells and inhibits tumor growth through inhibiting Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway in mouse xenograft models of human colon cancer
Authors: Wang Kai , Qiu Zhen-Xiong , Wu Teng-Fei , Chen Si-Zhong , Xiao Min , Huang Si-Hui , Li Rong-Jiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: High-fat, low-carbohydrate and adequate-protein ketogenic diets (KD) are expected to become an effective adjunct therapy for cancer patients. However, the direct effects of KD on tumor cells and the underlying mechanisms are elusive. In this study, the nude mouse models of subcutaneous transplanted human colon cancer cells were established and applied to study the effects and mechanisms of KD on the growth of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice.Methods: Male nude mice were injected subcutaneously with human colon cancer HCT-116 cell line to construct a subcutaneous tumor model of human colon cancer. The successfully constructed subcutaneous tumor mice were divided into normal diet group and KD group. The mice were anesthetized and euthanized after 30 days of feeding, the subcutaneous tumor tissues were collected, and the size of tumors was measured and weighed. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of subcutaneous tumor tissues in normal feeding group and KD group. TUNEL staining was used to detect the level of apoptosis in tumor tissue. Immunohistochemistry of subcutaneous tumor tissues was used to detect the expression levels of Wnt-1 and β-catenin. In addition, RT-qPCR and western blotting were applied to detect the expression levels of Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins.Results: After 30 days of normal diet and KD feeding, the subcutaneous tumor tissues of human colon cancer mice were taken out for various assays. The results of tumor size measurement showed that the tumor size and weight of KD group were significantly smaller than that of the normal diet group. HE staining showed that the pathological characteristics of colon tumor tissue in the KD group were significantly improved, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells was reduced. TUNEL staining showed that the apoptosis level of tumor cells in the KD group was significantly increased compared to the normal diet group. RT-qPCR and western blotting revealed that the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins such as caspase 3，caspase 9 and Bax were increased（P < 0.01）, while the expression of anti-apoptotic protein such as Bcl-2 or survivin was decreased （P < 0.01）. Furthermore, the expression of Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins including Wnt1 and β-catenin were largely reduced after 30 days of KD feeding compared to normal feeding group （P < 0.01）.Conclusions: Ketogenic diets (KD) promotes apoptosis of human colon cancer subcutaneous tumor cells and inhibits the growth of tumor by inhibiting Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway in mouse subcutaneous tumor models of human colon cancer.
Monitoring of Tumor Growth and Vascularization with Repetitive Ultrasonography in the Chicken Chorioallantoic-Membrane-Assay.
Authors: Eckrich Jonas , Kugler Philipp , Buhr Christoph Raphael , Ernst Benjamin Philipp , Mendler Simone , Baumgart Jan , Brieger Juergen , Wiesmann Nadine 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The chorioallantoic-membrane (CAM)-assay is used for versatile experimentation and eligible for the analysis of tumor angiogenesis, development and metastasis. In contrast to rodent xenograft models, the CAM-assay does not require breeding of immunodeficient strains for tumor experimentation due to native immunodeficiency. This allows xenografts to grow on the non-innervated CAM without pain or impairment for the embyo.Taking into account the variability of multidirectional tumor growth, limited size monitoring capability is a major disadvantage of the CAM-assay as the enclosure of the tumor in ovo by the eggshell only allows for two-dimensional monitoring from above. The small size and the eggshell’s shielding effect further challenge established imaging techniques. We report the eligibility of ultrasonographic imaging for repetitive monitoring of tumor growth and vascularisation in the CAM-assay.Methods: Chicken eggs were placed in an incubator and cut open laterally on day three. On day seven a three-dimensional tumor was placed onto the CAM. Ultrasonographic imaging was then repetitively performed starting from day twelve. On day 14 the tumor was excised, fixed and histologically analyzed using light microscopy.Results: Tumor volume and vascularization were repetitively visualized using a commercial ultrasonographic scanner, allowing a longitudinal monitoring of tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. Findings in ultrasonographic imaging significantly correlated with results obtained in histological analysis. Conclusion: Ultrasonography is cost efficient and widely available. It allows repetitive in ovo imaging and thereby enables visualization of tumor development. This increases the applicability of the CAM-assay as an alternative to xenograft rodent models in tumor research.
Establishment of Prediction Models for Lung Cancer NOG/PDX Models: A Guideline for Machine Learning in Small Biomedical Datasets
Authors: Guo Haoyue , Diao Li , Qi Hui , Dai Chunlei , Chen Yu , Tang Xuzhen , He Yayi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors are the most promising treatments for lung cancers but still facing multiple challenges, including resistance and individual difference. Therefore, patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX) models are developed for drug discovery and screening. NOG mice is under the destruction of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor common gamma chain, which is appropriate for building PDX models to test immunotherapies. However, current studies have little understanding of the causes of genotype mismatches in PDX or NOG/PDX models, which leads to a massive economic and time loss.Methods: Lung cancer tissues from 53 patients were obtained and engrafted into NOG mice. All of the patients' tumors and NOG/PDX models were detected for common gene mutations. Seventeen clinicopathological features were organized and input to stepwise logistic regression based on the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-logistic regression, support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Gradient Boosting & Categorical Features (CatBoost), and synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE). Finally, the performance of all models was evaluated by the accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and F1 score in 100 testing groups.Results: Fifty-three lung cancer NOG/PDX models were successfully established, with a genotype matching rate of 79.2% (42/53). Two multivariable logistic regressions revealed that age, the number of driver mutations, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations, the type of prior chemotherapy, prior tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy, and the source were potent predictors. Moreover, CatBoost (mean accuracy=0.960; mean AUC=0.939; mean F1 score=0.908) and 8-feature SVM (mean accuracy=0.950; mean AUC=0.934; mean F1 score=0.903) showed the best performance compared with the other algorithms. Moreover, the combination of SMOTE with SVM significantly improved the predictive capability (mean accuracy: 0.961 vs. 0.958, P=0.025; mean AUC: 0.940 vs. 0.935, P=0.045; mean F1 score: 0.909 vs. 0.903, P=0.047).Conclusions: We established an optimal predictive model to screen lung cancer patients for NOG/PDX models, and also offered a general approach for building prediction models in small unbalanced biomedical samples.
Serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with obese but not lean NAFLD: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Qinqiu , Shi Xiaoyin , Wang Jinghua , Zhang Juanwen , Xu Cheng-Fu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Low serum vitamin D concentrations have been reported to be associated with an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, whether slim or obese people show a similar association between vitamin D and NAFLD remains speculative. This study aimed to explore the relationship between serum vitamin D concentrations and NAFLD in lean and obese Chinese adults.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2538 participants (1360 men and 1178 women) who underwent their health checkups at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine in 2019. NAFLD was diagnosed by liver ultrasound excluding other causes. The association of serum vitamin D concentrations with NAFLD was analyzed in lean and obese participants.Results: The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 33.61% (13.10% in lean and 53.32% in obese) in this study population. The serum vitamin D levels of obese NAFLD patients were lower than that of the obese NAFLD-free controls. However, the serum vitamin D levels of lean NAFLD patients were comparable to that of the lean NAFLD-free controls. Serum vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with the prevalence of NAFLD in obese but not lean participants. Serum vitamin D levels were independently associated with the risk of NAFLD in obese participants, with an adjusted odd ratio (95% CI) of 0.986 (0.979–0.992). However, the serum vitamin D levels were not related to the risk of NAFLD in lean participants.Conclusions: Low serum vitamin D levels are associated with NAFLD in obese but not lean participants.
Allergic rhinitis and house dust mite sensitization determine persistence of asthma in children.
Authors: Brzozowska Agnieszka , Woicka-Kolejwa Katarzyna , Jerzyńska Joanna , Majak Paweł , Stelmach Iwona 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: MAS study revealed that chronic course of asthma characterised by airway hyper-responsiveness and impairment of lung function at school age is determined by continuing allergic airway inflammation which begin in the first 3 years of life. Respiratory tract infections early in life, childhood allergic comorbidities, exposure to environmental determinants of asthma and active smoking may all contribute to increased risk of allergic disorders. While these correlations have been established, there is little understanding of the immunological mechanisms by which asthma develops into a persistent disease, or by which symptoms regress. Methods: Eighty patients were included into the analysis. Clinical and immunoregulatory predictors of asthma were analyzed. Results: Presence of mAPI criteria as well as the presence of house dust mite-allergy and allergic rhinitis at present, were associated with a reduced prevalence of asthma remission. The presence of increased eosinophil blood count in API (Asthma Predictive Index) criteria was associated with a lower expression of CD25 positive cells. Current presence of HDM-allergy was associated with a higher FeNO level and higher expression of CD25CD71 positive cells. Allergic rhinitis was associated with a higher expression of PPAR and CD25CD71 positive cells; in the same group of patients a lower expression of GARP positive cells were observed. Conclusions: Probability of persistence of childhood asthma was largely determined by the presence of allergic rhinitis and sensitization to HDM. Our results suggest natural remission of clinical symptoms of asthma in children are not fully related to immunoregulation processes. Additionally, API criteria are related to asthma persistence.
Downregulation of PLK4 Expression Induces Cellular Dormancy in Colorectal Cancer via Mesenchymal-to-epithelial Transition
Authors: Tian Xiangdong , Liu Dongming , Zhou Dejun , Qi Lisha , Han Zhiqiang , Chen Ziye , Gong Wenchen , Dong Qiuping , Luo Yi , Chen Liwei , Wang Jiefu , Li Hua , Liu Peng , Chen Lu , Zhao Qiang , Guo Hua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Reactivation of dormant tumor cells is a critical step in the recurrence of many cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Polo-like kinases 4 (PLK4), a central regulator of the cell cycle and proliferation, is a validated oncogene in tumorigenesis. However, the roles of PLK4 in tumor cell dormancy and reactivation still need to be further explored.Methods: The expression level of PLK4 was determined by immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting (WB) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). PLK4-dependent clinicopathological risk factors and the prognosis of CRC were characterized with 122 clinical samples. The roles of PLK4 in tumor cell dormancy, cell cycle progression, proliferation and invasion were determined by molecular and cell biology methods in vitro and in vivo.Results: The expression of PLK4 was dramatically increased in CRCs and positively correlated with aggressive tumor behavior and clinicopathological risk factors. Downregulation of PLK4 expression contributed to restoring phenotypically aggressive tumor cells to a quiescent state, and this transformation was likely regulated by mesenchymal-to-epithelial transformation (MET) progression in vitro and in vivo.Conclusions: This study elucidates the mechanisms involving PLK4 depletion in the induction and maintenance of CRC dormancy, which are very important in terms of both clinical significance and application value.
Pancreaticline Cell Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Acellular Pancreatic Scaffolds
Authors: Li Zhao , Du Yue , Wang Xin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the potential differentiation ability of bone mesenchymal stromal cells(BMSCs) to pancreatic line Cells on rat acellular pancreatic bioscaffold(APB) and the effect of differentiated BMSCs for chronic pancreatitis(CP) in vivo. Methods: After BMSCs were isolated and identified, they were dynamic cultured on the APB and static cultured in tissue culture flask(TCF),with or without the growth factors (GF) in both the culture system. The cytological behavior such as the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs in all the above kinds of culture system were assessed by morphological observation, flow cytometry, ELASA analysis, qRT-PCR assay and western blot analysis. For the in vivo study, the pancreatic fibrosis and pathological score were evaluated. And also the expression of α-SMA, collagen type I and III, IL-10 in pancreas tissue were detected by ELASA. Results: 4ml/min was the most appropriate flow rate for the dynamic culture of BMSCs. The proliferation rate of BMSCs in the APB groups were significantly increased compared to TCF system. During the pancreatic line cell differentiation process, APB could induce BMSCs express markers such as PDX-1 and PTF-1 at higher mRNA levels. In contrast, the marker Oct 4 was expressed at a lower level in APB group. For the pancreatic functional cytoketatins including α-Amy, CK7, Flk-1, and C-peptide, they were all expressed at higher level in APB group. And metabolic enzymes secretion such as amylase and insulin were promoted significantly in APB system. By scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM), the ultrastructure of BMSCs in the APB group could further demonstrated the morphological characteristics of pancreatic-like cells. In vivo study,the expression of α-SMA, collagen type I and III in tissues were less in differentiated BMSCs treatment group, while the level of IL-10 in pancreatic tissue were higher in differentiated BMSCs treatment group with significant difference (P<0.05). In addition, in both in vitro and in vivo study, GF could significantly facilitate the function of proliferation, differentiation and pancreatic cell therapy. Conclusion: Together our data show the capacity of APB , 3D pancreatic biomatrix, promoting BMSCs differentiate toward pancreatic line phenotypes, and the considerable potential of using these cells for pancreatic cell therapies and tissue engineering.
An Overview of Prophylacticand Curative Approach for COVID-19 in Unani System of Medicine and Need of Development of the SOPs
Authors: Qaiser Afshan , Abdullha M , Khan Abrar Mohd 
Published: August 2020

COVID-19 also known as Novel Corona Virus Pneumonia, is a viral disease caused by novel corona virus. The infection is highly contagious in nature and spread from person to person through respiratory droplets. According to Unani System of Medicine, epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19 like fever, cough, tiredness, sore throat, running nose, nasal congestion, difficulty in breathing, etc. are similar to Nazla-e-wabai (Epidemic Influenza) up to a great extent.On the basis of fundamental approach for living a healthy lifestyle and preventive measures during epidemic spread mentioned in classical Unani texts, some standard operating procedures (SOPs) are suggested for prophylactic and curative purpose in the management of COVID-19 pandemic.
Occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in lakes and reservoirs from water-receiving area of Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, Northern China
Authors: Hou Wei , Hu Fang , Sun Shaohua , Dong Xiaotong , Wang Mingquan , Zhao Qinghua , Jia Ruibao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
To characterize antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in surface waterbodies in Shandong Province, and to understand the occurrence, diversity and resistance mechanism of ARGs, nine aquatic ecosystems were selected and evaluated regarding occurrence of ARGs in the period from 2018 to 2019. Thirty-three types and 242 subtypes of ARGs were detected in the nine waterbodies with the most subtypes in Wohushan (242) and Jihongtan (235), and the fewest ARGs in Datun (213) and Mishan (221). Among the top nine ARG types, MacB, BcrA, CarA and TetW were the dominant ARGs in these samples. Four groups of the study sites were distinguished by cluster analysis, indicating different distribution characteristics of ARGs in these waterbodies, and regional differences in ARG contamination. Efflux pumps were the predominant resistance mechanism in all the waterbodies in terms of both subtype number (49.2%) and abundance (70.4%), followed by operon, antibiotic inactivation and others. Our findings provide comprehensive information to better understand the contamination level of ARGs on a local level as well as for global considerations, and may be practically helpful for the prevention and control of ARG pollution.
Meliaceae (Sapindales): riqueza y distribución en el estado de Tabasco, México
Authors: Burelo Ramos Carlos Manuel , Córdova Córdova Doris , Campos Díaz Manuel Jesús , Morales-Rodríguez Neil Ebeth Meled , Álvarez-Jiménez William , Muñiz-Chavarría Nahúm , Beauregard Solís Graciela 
Published: August 2020

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Con la finalidad de actualizar el listado de especies de Meliaceae en el estado de Tabasco bajo el sistema de clasificación actual, se completó una revisión taxonómica de la familia, como contribución al proyecto “Flora de Tabasco”. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión en herbarios estatales y nacionales de los ejemplares de las especies de la familia Meliaceae y se realizaron colectas en campo de 2015 a 2017 en vegetación secundaria y primaria del estado. El material colectado fue identificado por medio de claves taxonómicas y cotejado con material de herbario. También se consultaron los ejemplares tipo disponibles en JSTOR Global Plants. Se hizo una clave de identificación para las especies de la familia en Tabasco y un análisis de distribución por tipo de vegetación y datos ecológicos; así mismo se registran nombres comunes y se ilustran algunas de las especies. Resultados clave: La familia Meliaceae está representada por 11 especies en cuatro géneros nativos y dos especies en dos géneros introducidos. Se registran por primera vez dos especies para el estado. El género Trichilia es representado por siete especies, seguido de Guarea con dos. Los municipios con el mayor número de especies son Centro y Teapa con ocho especies cada uno y Balancán con siete. Conclusiones: Las Meliáceas nativas presentes en la zona de estudio representan 45.83% de las 24 especies nativas estimadas para la familia en México y están distribuidas principalmente en áreas de vegetación secundaria y manchones de selva en municipios serranos fronterizos con Chiapas y Guatemala.
How Health Care Organizations Approach Social Media Measurement: Qualitative Study
Authors: Ukoha Chukwuma 
Published: August 2020

Background
Many health care organizations use social media to support a variety of activities. To ensure continuous improvement in social media performance, health care organizations must measure their social media.

Objective
The purpose of this study is to explore how health care organizations approach social media measurement and to elucidate the tools they employ.

Methods
In this exploratory qualitative research, Australian health care organizations that use social media, varying in size and locality, were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected through semistructured interviews, and the transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
The study identified health care organizations’ approaches to social media measurement. While some measured their social media frequently, others used infrequent measurements, and a few did not measure theirs at all. Those that measured their social media used one or a combination of the following yardsticks: personal benchmarking, peer benchmarking, and metric benchmarking. The metrics tracked included one or more of the following: reach, engagement, and conversion rates. The tools employed to measure social media were either inbuilt or add-on analytics tools. Although many participants showed great interest in measuring their social media, they still had some unanswered questions.

Conclusions
The lack of a consensus approach to measurement suggests that, unlike other industries, social media measurement in health care settings is at a nascent stage. There is a need to improve knowledge, sophistication, and integration of social media strategy through the application of theoretical and analytical knowledge to help resolve the current challenge of effective social media measurement. This study calls for social media training in health care organizations. Such training must focus on how to use relevant tools and how to measure their use effectively.
Autoevaluación para la reacreditación del Programa Sistemas de Información, Bibliotecología y Archivística de la Universidad de La Salle-Bogotá
Authors: Pirela Morillo Johann Enrique , Pulido Daza Nelson Javier , Almarza Franco Yamely Margarita , Suárez Castañeda Gilberto 
Published: August 2020

Se sistematiza el proceso de autoevaluación para la reacreditación del Programa de Sistemas de Información, Bibliotecología y Archivística de la Universidad de La Salle. Los resultados revelaron consolidación de la investigación, mejoramiento de la formación académica, cualificación pedagógica de los docentes, fortalecimiento de la plataforma tecnológica, actualización curricular, afianzamiento del modelo de responsabilidad e intervención social y mayor vinculación con los egresados. Se concluye que la autoevaluación de los programas académicos debe partir de proyectos de investigación institucional para estructurar los planes de mejoramiento que aseguren la calidad de la formación en el área.