bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topographic computer analysis for acne scar treatment on face accompanying biopsy study after dermal injection of hydrotoxin mixture
Authors: Kim JongSeo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcne during youth can leave permanent facial scarring. The depressed acne scars can be treated by injection of stabilized hyaluronic acid (S‐HA) into the dermis. Due to the large number of acne scars, manual injection methods are technically difficult and bear high risk of lump formation in the dermis. Therefore, the author designed a specific injection method to solve the two abovementioned problems.AimsThis research aims to assess the effect of the intradermal injection of S‐HA and aboborulinumtoxinA mixture in the treatment of all types of acne scars.Materials/MethodsA total of 102 patients who suffered from acne scars were treated with a mixture of S‐HA (Restylane Vital®) and abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport®). Using an automatic injector, micro‐droplets of the mixture (0.001 cc of S‐HA and 0.125 U abobotulinumtoxinA) were delivered into 1000 intradermal sites on whole face except eyelids. This instrument radically reduced injection amounts per site (0.001 cc), lessened manual operator efforts, and ensured consistent injection depth (from 0.8 to 1.2 mm depending on individual dermal thickness) into the facial dermis. The changes in each depression site of acne scars were evaluated by topographic computer analysis (point roughness), based on the 40 magnification microscopic photographs generated. Depth measurements of each small acne scar point were taken one by one at the exact same point before and after the treatments. Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) was measured for improvement of acne scars at 1‐ and 6‐month posttreatment. Additionally, serial histologic examinations of the biopsy specimens evaluated neocollagenesis, neoelastinogenesis, and longevity state of the S‐HA.ResultsA total of 78 patients showed improvements of depressed acne scars in physical examinations, medical photographs, and dermascopic photographs.Using topographic computer analysis, the average point roughness decreased 27.48% (at 1 month) from 29.042 ± 6.85 (baseline) to 21.05 ± 6.30 µm (P < .0001), corresponding with scar improvements observed in physical examinations, and 3.02 ± 0.66 of GAIS at 1‐month posttreatment. Using an injector allowed the hydrotoxin mixture into the deep dermal layer. Biopsy study proved that the injection depth was exactly in the dermis, and showed evidence of neocollagenesis and neoelastinogenesis. Also, the S‐HA particles remained after 1 year, which proved its longevity of at least 1 year.ConclusionThe topographic computer analysis using point roughness showed improvement of all subtype acne scars at 1‐month posttreatment. The improvement may have resulted from dermal expansion due to the neocollagenesis and neoelastinogenesis. S‐HA lasted more than 1 year in human dermis.
Melatonin directly binds and inhibits death‐associated protein kinase 1 function in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chen Dongmei , Mei Yingxue , Kim Nami , Lan Guihua , Gan Chen‐Ling , Fan Fei , Zhang Tao , Xia Yongfang , Wang Long , Lin Chun , Ke Fang , Zhou Xiao Zhen , Lu Kun Ping , Lee Tae Ho 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDeath‐associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is upregulated in the brains of human Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared with normal subjects, and aberrant DAPK1 regulation is implicated in the development of AD. However, little is known about whether and how DAPK1 function is regulated in AD. Here, we identified melatonin as a critical regulator of DAPK1 levels and function. Melatonin significantly decreases DAPK1 expression in a post‐transcriptional manner in neuronal cell lines and mouse primary cortical neurons. Moreover, melatonin directly binds to DAPK1 and promotes its ubiquitination, resulting in increased DAPK1 protein degradation through a proteasome‐dependent pathway. Furthermore, in tau‐overexpressing mouse brain slices, melatonin treatment and the inhibition of DAPK1 kinase activity synergistically decrease tau phosphorylation at multiple sites related to AD. In addition, melatonin and DAPK1 inhibitor dramatically accelerate neurite outgrowth and increase the assembly of microtubules. Mechanistically, melatonin‐mediated DAPK1 degradation increases the activity of Pin1, a prolyl isomerase known to play a protective role against tau hyperphosphorylation and tau‐related pathologies. Finally, elevated DAPK1 expression shows a strong correlation with the decrease in melatonin levels in human AD brains. Combined, these results suggest that DAPK1 regulation by melatonin is a novel mechanism that controls tau phosphorylation and function and offers new therapeutic options for treating human AD.
Effects of dietary amino acid levels and ambient temperature on mixed muscle protein turnover in Pectoralis major during finisher feeding period in two broiler lines
Authors: Maharjan Pramir , Mullenix Garret , Hilton Katie , Beitia Antonio , Weil Jordan , Suesuttajit Nawin , Martinez Diego , Umberson Cole , England Judith , Caldas Justina , Haro Victor Daniel Naranjo , Coon Craig 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwo broiler lines A and B were fed experimental diets from 21 to 42 days with an objective to determine Pectoralis major protein turnover (PT) as affected by the dietary amino acid (AA) levels and ambient temperature. Experimental diets (n = 9 replicate pens per diet) were formulated to 3,150 kcal/kg with five levels of digestible lysine (dLys) −80, 90, 100, 110 and 120% of recommended AA level giving g dlys/Mcal values of 2.53, 2.85, 3.17, 3.48 and 3.80 respectively. All other AA was formulated to a fixed ratio to dLys. Fractional synthesis or degradation rates (FSR or FDR) of P. major were measured on day 36 and day 42 for all dietary treatment levels for both broiler lines using stable isotope of AA (15N‐phenylalanine) as metabolic tracer. Experimental feeding studies were conducted once in hot season (24‐hr mean ~ 85.3°F; 80.9% RH) and repeated in cool season (24‐hr mean ~ 71.6°F; 61.7% RH) of the year. The FSR values increased (p < .05) as digestible AA in diet increased for both broiler lines in hot season until break point FSR occurring at 106.2% AA level. The average FSR values measured were higher for Line B at day 36 (20.98%/D for Line B vs. 20.69%/D for Line A) and at day 42 (16.07%/D for Line B vs. 12.47% D for Line A). FDR values observed at day 36 and day 42 were not different between lines (p > .05). Similar trends but elevated values of FSR and FDR in cool season than in hot season were recorded for both the lines. Line B showed the higher mixed muscle protein accretion (%/D) than Line A by actually increasing the FSR which was correlated by higher lean mass deposition and higher feed intake (p < .05). The overall findings indicated that PT response in P. major due to effects of digestible AA levels and ambient temperature was different and line‐specific.
DNA barcoding and mucilage ducts in the stipe reveal the presence of Hedophyllum nigripes (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) in Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen)
Authors: Dankworth Marie , Heinrich Sandra , Fredriksen Stein , Bartsch Inka 
Published: May 2020

The Arctic Ocean is a unique ecosystem hosting a biodiversity that has not yet been elucidated in full detail. There is increasing evidence that there are more kelp species constricted to Arctic/sub‐Arctic habitats hitherto not well investigated, such as Hedophyllum nigripes, which is morphologically very similar to cold‐temperate Laminaria digitata. Hedophyllum nigripes was originally described as L. nigripes by Agardh from Spitsbergen but has often been misidentified as L. digitata in the European Arctic. We initiated a systematic algal survey along a depth gradient (0–7.5 m) in Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen) in June and July 2015 and thereby confirmed a predominant presence of H. nigripes (73%). Hedophyllum nigripes is occurring between 0 and 7.5 m while L. digitata was most abundant at 2.5 m depth. Hedophyllum nigripes individuals were generally younger (2.3 vs. 3.6 years) and stipe and blade length shorter (31 vs. 54 cm and 76 vs. 96 cm, respectively) compared to L. digitata. A combination of molecular (COI‐5P) and morpho‐anatomical tools (presence of sori and mucilage ducts in the stipe) was used to differentiate specimens of H. nigripes and L. digitata. Both kelp species were indistinguishable in most cases by external blade and stipe morphology. The different blade shapes represented different ontogenetic stages rather than phenotypic plasticity. The presence of mucilage ducts in the stipe was correlated with H. nigripes and changed with depth from 17%, 36%, and 85% at 2.5, 5, and 7.5 m, respectively. In addition, all summer fertile specimens were L. digitata.
Development and characterization of black mulberry (Morus nigra) pekmez (molasses) composite films based on alginate and pectin
Authors: Cakıroglu Kubra , Dervisoglu Muhammet , Gul Osman 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProduction of composite films is an important approach to improve functionality of edible films, by combining different polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids. Carbohydrate‐based composite films are most attractive, which have good film‐forming ability due to their unique colloidal properties. Fruit purees include high polysaccharide content that plays a role to have desirable film properties including mechanical resistance, efficient barrier properties, and selective permeability against oxygen transmission. The purpose of this study was to characterize physical, barrier, mechanical, thermal, and water sorption properties of composite films formulated with different mulberry pekmez concentrations (26, 32, and 38 °Brix) based on alginate or pectin. All film‐forming solutions were showed shear thinning behavior with higher yield stress and viscosity‐shear rate data were fitted to Ostwald de Waele model (R2 ≥ 0.943). A noticeable decrease in tensile strength of films with increasing concentration was determined, but films prepared with high concentration showed more flexible. The mechanical properties of pectin films exhibited weakened properties compared to alginate films. Increasing pekmez concentration in the film matrix improved the water vapor permeability of alginate films, whereas pectin films showed reverse behavior as resulting in cracks and crack propagation within the structure. The sorption isotherms of films showed a typical profile of foods contain high soluble components and the Guggenheim–Anderson–deBoer (GAB) model gave a good fit for all of the obtained data. The results showed that mulberry pekmez films based alginate have a potential for food applications depends on the physical properties and for the replacement of non‐biodegradable plastic packaging.
High‐density mapping‐guided corrective HIS bundle pacing after failed CRT upgrade for persistent left superior vena cava
Authors: Bastian Dirk , Buia Veronica , Walaschek Janusch , De Quattro Eugenio , Rittger Harald , Vitali‐Serdoz Laura 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn patients with persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC), transvenous device implantation for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be challenging. We present a complex case with successful, high‐density electroanatomic mapping (EAM) guided corrective His bundle pacing (CHBP) following failed CRT upgrade in a patient with PLSVC, congenital heart disease, and pacing‐associated heart failure. CHBP restored physiological conduction in left bundle branch block with complete conduction block leading to clinical improvement and cardiac remodeling. The presented case supports the growing evidence that EAM‐guided CHBP may be considered a feasible alternative to conventional CRT when venous anatomy is not favorable for left ventricular lead implantation.
Respiratory and hemodynamic perioperative adverse events in intravenous versus inhalational induction in pediatric anesthesia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Porter Lucy L. , Blaauwendraad Sophia M. , Pieters Barbe M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPerioperative respiratory and hemodynamic adverse events are still a cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric anesthesia. It has been suggested that volatile agents might be associated with more respiratory adverse events compared to intravenous agents (eg, propofol), which have been associated with a higher risk of bradycardia compared to volatile agents. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the risk of perioperative hemodynamic and respiratory adverse events, comparing intravenous induction with inhalational induction in pediatric anesthesia. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Medline up to February 12, 2020. Randomized controlled trials were included. A quality assessment was carried out using a modified version of the “Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Controlled Trials.” Of the 1602 applicable publications, four were included in the final review. Two studies found no significant differences in perioperative respiratory or hemodynamic adverse events. Two studies found a higher risk of respiratory perioperative adverse events in inhalation versus intravenous induction, with a relative risk varying from 1.64 to 3.83. Data were heterogenous, and pooled estimates may not be reliable. The present systematic review and meta‐analysis revealed no significant difference in the occurrence of perioperative respiratory adverse events between inhalation and intravenous induction. More respiratory adverse events during and after inhalation induction were found, in particular in children with multiple risk factors for respiratory adverse events. This did not reach significance. Future research should include a large randomized controlled trial comparing inhalation and intravenous induction with respiratory and hemodynamic adverse events as primary outcome and adequately blinded outcome assessors.
Loss of function of CRT1a (calreticulin) reduces plant susceptibility toVerticillium longisporumin bothArabidopsis thalianaand oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
Authors: Pröbsting Michael , Schenke Dirk , Hossain Roxana , Häder Claudia , Thurau Tim , Wighardt Lisa , Schuster Andrea , Zhou Zheng , Ye Wanzhi , Rietz Steffen , Leckband Gunhild , Cai Daguang 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBrassica napusis highly susceptible towardsVerticillium longisporum(Vl43) with no effective genetic resistance. It is believed that the fungus reprogrammes plant physiological processes by up‐regulation of so‐called susceptibility factors to establish a compatible interaction. By transcriptome analysis, we identified genes, which were activated/up‐regulated in rapeseed afterVl43infection. To test whether one of these genes is functionally involved in the infection process and loss of function would lead to decreased susceptibility, we firstly challenged KO lines of corresponding Arabidopsis orthologs withVl43and compared them with wild‐type plants. Here, we report that the KO ofAtCRT1aresults in drastically reduced susceptibility of plants toVl43. To provecrt1amutation also decreases susceptibility inB. napus, we identified 10 mutations in a TILLING population. Three T3 mutants displayed increased resistance as compared to the wild type. To validate the results, we generated CRISPR/Cas‐inducedBnCRT1amutants, challenged T2 plants withVl43and observed an overall reduced susceptibility in 3 out of 4 independent lines. Genotyping by allele‐specific sequencing suggests a major effect of mutations in theCRT1aA‐genome copy, while the C‐genome copy appears to have no significant impact on plant susceptibility when challenged withVl43. As revealed by transcript analysis, the loss of function ofCRT1aresults in activation of the ethylene signalling pathway, which may contribute to reduced susceptibility. Furthermore, this study demonstrates a novel strategy with great potential to improve plant disease resistance.
Contraceptive Autonomy: Conceptions and Measurement of a Novel Family Planning Indicator
Authors: Senderowicz Leigh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, there has been increased attention to high‐quality and rights‐based family planning, but these concepts have been difficult to measure. Perhaps due to an intellectual history intertwined with population control, contemporary family planning programs and researchers often use (modern) method use as a primary marker of success, with indicators focusing narrowly on contraceptive use and fertility. This results in a fundamental misalignment between existing metrics and the stated family planning goals of promoting reproductive health and rights. This report describes the rationale for a novel family planning indicator called “contraceptive autonomy” and proposes a methodology for measuring this concept at the population level. Defining contraceptive autonomy as the factors necessary for a person to decide for themself what they want in relation to contraception and then to realize that decision, this indicator divides the contraceptive autonomy construct into subdomains of informed choice, full choice, and free choice. By acknowledging that autonomous nonuse is a positive outcome,aiming to maximize contraceptive autonomy rather than use could help shift incentives for family planning programs and reduce some common forms of contraceptive coercion, as our measurement approach is realigned with our focus on high‐quality rights‐based care.
Caplacizumab for treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient with anaphylaxis to fresh‐frozen plasma
Authors: Irani Mehraboon S. , Sanchez Federico , Friedman Kenneth 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUNDPlasma exchange with plasma replacement has been the mainstay for the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) for several decades. Recently an anti‐von Willebrand factor (VWF) medication, caplacizumab, has been approved for treatment of TTP when used with plasma exchange. We report a patient with immune‐mediated TTP that had an anaphylactic reaction to plasma who was then given caplacizumab daily for 1 week without further plasma exchange therapy with a good clinical and laboratory response.CASE REPORTA 63‐year‐old woman with acute confusion and multiple ecchymoses after tooth extraction developed TTP with a hemoglobin (Hb) of 6.3 g/dL, white blood cell count 15 × 109/L, platelets (PLTs) 12 × 109/L, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 1212 IU/mL, and creatinine 0.9 mg/dL. Her ADAMTS13 level was less than 5% and plasma exchange was started. During the first plasma exchange the patient developed anaphylaxis with hypotension, shortness of breath, angioedema, and urticaria. She recovered from this reaction with treatment and no further plasma exchanges were performed. Instead she was given methylprednisolone, caplacizumab, and later rituximab. The caplacizumab was given daily for 8 days during which her PLT counts and ADAMTS13 levels improved. Her Hb level also increased. She continued to receive oral prednisone and rituximab after discharge was doing well latest follow up (Day 114).CONCLUSIONCaplacizumab may be used safely and effectively without concomitant plasma exchange in a patient with anaphylaxis to plasma.
Additive effects of blood donor smoking and gamma irradiation on outcome measures of red blood cell transfusion
Authors: DeSimone Robert A. , Plimier Colleen , Lee Catherine , Kanias Tamir , Cushing Melissa M. , Sachais Bruce S. , Kleinman Steven , Busch Michael P. , Roubinian Nareg H. 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUNDRecent publications have reported conflicting results regarding the role of blood donor tobacco use on hemoglobin (Hb) levels in patients after red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. We examined associations and interactions between donor, component, and recipient factors to better understand the impact of donor smoking on transfusion outcomes.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe linked blood donor and component manufacturing data, including self‐reported cigarette smoking, with a cohort of patients transfused RBCs between 2013 and 2016. Using multivariable regression, we examined Hb increments and subsequent transfusion requirements after single‐unit RBC transfusion episodes, adjusting for donor, component, and recipient factors.RESULTSWe linked data on 4038 transfusion recipients who received one or more single‐unit RBC transfusions (n = 5086 units) to donor demographic and component manufacturing characteristics. Among RBC units from smokers (n = 326), Hb increments were reduced after transfusion of gamma‐irradiated units (0.76 g/dL; p = 0.033) but not unirradiated units (1.04 g/dL; p = 0.54) compared to those from nonsmokers (1.01 g/dL; n = 4760). In parallel with changes in Hb levels, donor smoking was associated with the receipt of additional RBC transfusions for irradiated (odds ratio [OR], 2.49; p = 0.01) but not unirradiated RBC units (OR, 1.10; p = 0.52).CONCLUSIONDonor smoking was associated with reduced Hb increments and the need for additional transfusions in recipients of gamma‐irradiated RBC units. Additional research is needed to better understand interactions between donor, component, and recipient factors on efficacy measures of RBC transfusion.
Ketogenic low‐CHO, high‐fat diet: the future of elite endurance sport?
Authors: Burke Louise M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ability of ketogenic low‐carbohydrate (CHO) high‐fat (K‐LCHF) diets to enhance muscle fat oxidation has led to claims that it is the ‘future of elite endurance sport’. There is robust evidence that substantial increases in fat oxidation occur, even in elite athletes, within 3–4 weeks and possibly 5–10 days of adherence to a K‐LCHF diet. Retooling of the muscle can double exercise fat use to ∼1.5 g min−1, with the intensity of maximal rates of oxidation shifting from ∼45% to ∼70% of maximal aerobic capacity. Reciprocal reductions in CHO oxidation during exercise are clear, but current evidence to support the hypothesis of the normalization of muscle glycogen content with longer‐term adaptation is weak. Importantly, keto‐adaptation may impair the muscle's ability to use glycogen for oxidative fates, compromising the use of a more economical energy source when the oxygen supply becomes limiting and, thus, the performance of higher‐intensity exercise (>80% maximal aerobic capacity). Even with moderate intensity exercise, individual responsiveness to K‐LCHF is varied, with extremes at both ends of the performance spectrum. Periodisation of K‐LCHF with high CHO availability might offer opportunities to restore capacity for higher‐intensity exercise, but investigations of various models have failed to find a benefit over dietary approaches based on current sports nutrition guidelines. Endurance athletes who are contemplating the use of K‐LCHF should undertake an audit of event characteristics and personal experiences to balance the risk of impaired performance of higher‐intensity exercise with the likelihood of an unavoidable depletion of carbohydrate stores.
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