bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histone H4 aggravates inflammatory injury through TLR4 in chlorine gas-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Zhang Yanlin , Zhao Jian , Guan Li , Mao Lijun , Li Shuqiang , Zhao Jinyuan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Chlorine gas (Cl2) exposure remains a public health concern in household, occupational, and transportation accidents around the world. The death rate associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by high concentrations of Cl2 is very high, mainly because the pathogenesis of ARDS remains unclear. Histone H4 has been identified as an important endogenous pro-inflammatory molecule. The present study aimed to examine the pathogenic role of histone H4 in Cl2-induced ARDS.Methods: ARDS was induced by Cl2 exposure in male C57BL/6 mice. Circulating histone H4, blood gas, pulmonary edema, endothelial activation, and neutrophil infiltration were measured during acute lung injury (ALI). Histone H4 or anti-H4 antibody was administered through the tail vein 1 h prior to Cl2 exposure to study the pathogenic role of histone H4. Toll-like receptor 2 knock-out (Tlr2-KO) and Tlr4-KO mice were used in conjunction with blocking antibody against TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, or TLR6 to explore the mechanism involved in histone H4-mediated injury.Results: Cl2 exposure induced a concentration-dependent ALI. The levels of circulating histone H4 were positively correlated with Cl2 concentrations. Pretreatment with intravenous histone H4 further aggravated lethality rate, blood gas, endothelial activation, and neutrophil infiltration, while anti-H4 antibody showed protective effects. Tlr4 deﬁciency improved lethality rate, blood gas, and pulmonary edema, and prevented endothelial and neutrophil activation caused by Cl2 exposure. More importantly, Tlr4 gene deletion greatly diminished the effect of histone H4 or anti-H4 antibody observed in wild-type (WT) mice. The impact of Tlr2 on inflammatory injury was not significant. The role of TLRs was also validated by endothelial activation mediated by histone H4 in vitro.Conclusions: Circulating histone H4 played a pro-inflammatory role in ARDS caused by Cl2. TLR4 was closely involved in histone H4-mediated inflammatory injury. Therefore, intervention targeting histone H4 is potentially protective.
Short-Wave Enhances Mesenchymal Stem Cells Recruitment in Fracture Healing by Increasing HIF-1 in Callus
Authors: Ye Dongmei , Chen Chen , Wang Qiwen , Zhang Qi , Li Sha , Liu Hongwei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: As a type of high-frequency electrotherapy, a Short-Wave can promote the fracture healing process; yet, its underlying therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear.Purpose: To observe the effect of Short-Wave therapy on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) homing and relative mechanisms associated with fracture healing. Materials and Methods: For in vivo study, the effect of Short-Wave therapy to fracture healing was examined in stabilized femur fractures model of 40 SD rats. Radiography was used to analyze the morphology and microarchitecture of the callus. Additionally, fluorescence assays were used to analyze the GFP-labeled MSC homing after treatment in 20 nude mice with a femoral fracture. For in vitro study, osteoblast from newborn rats simulated fracture site was first irradiated by the Short-Wave; siRNA targeting HIF-1 was used to investigate the role of HIF-1. Osteoblast culture medium was then collected as chemotaxis content of MSC, and the migration of MSC from rats was evaluated using wound healing assay and trans-well chamber test. The expression of HIF-1 and its related factors were quantified by q RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot.Results: Our in vivo experiment indicated that Short-Wave therapy could promote MSC migration, increase local and serum HIF-1 and SDF-1 levels, induce changes in callus formation, and improve callus microarchitecture and mechanical properties, thus speeding up the healing process of the fracture site. Moreover, the in vitro results further indicated that Short-Waves therapy upregulated HIF-1 and SDF-1 expression in osteoblast and its cultured medium, as well as the expression of CXCR-4, β-catenin, F-actin and phosphorylation levels of FAK in MSC. On the other hand, the inhibition of HIF-1α was significantly restrained by the inhibition of HIF-1α in osteoblast, and it partially inhibited the migration of MSC.Conclusions: These results suggested that Short-Wave therapy could increase HIF-1 in callus, which is one of the crucial mechanisms of chemotaxis MSC homing in fracture healing.
Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Satisfaction with Life: Moderating Role of Interpersonal Needs among University Students
Authors: Tan Choe Chai , Khor Kuan Siew , Ooi Pei Boon 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Depression, anxiety, and stress are ranked among the top mental health concerns faced by university students. The transition to higher education coincides with a new social environment and adaptation that has potential to increase mental health conditions. However, limited studies in Malaysia have examined the relationship among depression, anxiety, stress, and satisfaction with life with interpersonal needs. Thus, this study was performed to assess the relationship among depression, anxiety, stress, and satisfaction with life, with interpersonal needs (perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness) as moderators.

Method
A cross-sectional study using convenient sampling method was conducted among 430 students (Mean aged= 20.73 years; SD = 1.26 years) in two private universities in Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire comprising the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire were used.

Results
Students who experienced depression and anxiety reported higher satisfaction with life under the influenced of low perceived burdensomeness. Perceived burdensomeness, when coupled with depression (β = 0.76, p < 0.01) and anxiety (β = 0.79, p < 0.01), contributed 15.8% of variance in satisfaction with life. Students who experienced stress reported higher satisfaction with life under the influence of high thwarted belonginess (β = 0.73, p < 0.01), contributing 17.0% of variance in satisfaction with life.

Conclusions
For university students who experienced depression and anxiety symptoms, mental health practitioners, researchers, and teaching staff may need to be aware and educate the students on how to reduce and manage their perceptions on perceived burdensomeness. For university students who experienced stress symptoms, the focus shall not be solely on managing perception towards thwarted belonginess as it is not necessarily perceive as a negative ‘interpersonal need’ in this study. Future studies are required to substantiate this result.
Comorbidities associated with nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in Japanese adults: A claims-data analysis
Authors: Uno Shunsuke , Aasakura Takanori , Morimoto Kozo , Yoshimura Kimio , Uwamino Yoshifumi , Nishimura Tomoyasu , Hoshino Yoshihiko , Hasegawa Naoki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease is one of a growing number of chronic health problems that is difficult to cure in aging societies. While it is important to be vigilant about associated comorbidities in order to provide better patient care, data on the prevalence of comorbidities stratified by country or region are scarce. We aimed to elucidate the comorbidities associated with NTM disease based on Japanese health insurance claims data.Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were performed using the claims data for 2014 provided by the Japan Medical Data Center Co., Ltd. Patients aged 20–75 years with ≥3 claims associated with NTM disease were identified and matched to 10 sex-and-age-matched controls that had never made a claim for NTM disease. Thirty-one comorbidities previously suspected to be associated with NTM disease were selected, and the prevalence of these comorbidities compared between cases and controls.Result: Overall, 419 NTM patients (134 males and 285 females) and 4190 non-NTM controls were selected from the JMDC database. Aspergillosis, asthma, bronchiectasis, chronic heart failure, diffuse panbronchiolitis, gastroesophageal reflux, interstitial pneumonia, lung cancer, cancer other than breast, lung, ovary, or prostate cancer, and rheumatic arthritis were associated with NTM disease in both males and females. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was associated with NTM in males while chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, and Sjögren syndrome were associated with NTM in females.Conclusion: NTM disease was associated with multiple comorbidities that should be considered when providing medical care to individuals with NTM disease.
A Mokken Scale Analysis of the Kessler-6 Screening Measure among Chinese Older Population: Findings from a national survey
Authors: Zhang Lisong , Li Zhongquan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe aging population increases rapidly across the world. Timely and effective screening of their mental health problems is important to individuals, families, and the whole society. The Kessler-6 screening measure (K6) is a very popular instrument for non-specific psychological distress. However, few studies have focused on the psychometric properties of this instrument in the older population.MethodsThe present study employed Mokken scale analysis to evaluate its dimensionality and structure, and used differential item functioning (DIF) to examine whether the same structure existed across sex in a national representative sample of old Chinese people. Data were drawn from a public data set, the 2010 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS2010), and responses from a total of 6450 participants aged 60 years old and above (3136 males and 3314 females) were included in the final analysis.ResultsMokken scale analysis supported the unidimensional structure of the K6. Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis revealed that two of the six items ("Hopeless" and "Everything was an effort") were marked for DIF based on the Chi-square. However, their impacts were negligible in terms of McFadden's pseudo R 2.ConclusionsThe K6 demonstrates adequate psychometric properties in the old Chinese population. The sum of all six items can be used as an indicator of non-specific psychological distress. Differences in the indicator across sex should be considered as a real difference in psychological distress between the female and the male.
The impacts and unintended consequences of the nationwide pricing reform for drugs and medical services in the urban public hospitals in China
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxi , Lai Hongyu , Zhang Lidan , He Jiangjiang , Fu Bo , Jin Chunlin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Since 2015, China has been rolling out the pricing reform for drugs and medical services (PRDMS) in the urban public hospitals in order to reduce drug expenditures and to relieve financial burdens of patients. This study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of the reform and investigating its positive impacts and unintended consequences to provide evidence basis for further policy making. Methods The Difference-in-difference (DID) approach was employed to analyze the reform impacts on the 31 provincial administrative areas in China based on data abstracted from China Statistics Yearbooks and China Health Statistics Yearbooks from 2012 to 2018. Results The reform resulted in a decrease of 7.59% in drug cost per outpatient visit, a decrease of 5.73% in drug cost per inpatient admission, a decrease of 3.63% in total cost per outpatient visit and an increase of 9.10% in surgery cost per inpatient admission in the intervention group. However, no significant change in examination cost was found. The reduction in the medical cost per inpatient admission was not yet demonstrated, nor was that in the total outpatient/ inpatient expenses. The nationwide pricing reform for drugs and medical services in urban public hospitals (PRDMS-U) in China is demonstrated to be effective in cutting down the drug expenditures. However, the revealed unintended consequences indicate that there are still significant challenges for the reform to reach its ultimate goal of curbing the medical expenditures. Conclusion We conclude that the pricing reform alone may not be enough to change the profit-driven behavior of medical service providers as the root cause lies in the unchanged incentive scheme for providers in the service delivery. This holds lessons for policy making of other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with similar health systems set up in the achievement of Universal Health Coverage (UHC).
Development of risk prediction models to predict urine culture growth for adults with suspected urinary tract infection in the emergency department: protocol for an electronic health record study from a single UK university hospital
Authors: Rockenschaub Patrick , Gill Martin J , McNulty David , Carroll Orlagh , Freemantle Nick , Shallcross Laura 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background:Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a leading cause of hospital admissions and is diagnosed based on urinary symptoms and microbiological cultures. Due to lags in the availability of culture results of up to 72 hours, and the limitations of routine diagnostics, many patients with suspected UTI are started on antibiotic treatment unnecessarily. Predictive models based on routinely collected clinical information may help clinicians to rule out a diagnosis of bacterial UTI in low-risk patients shortly after hospital admission, providing additional evidence to guide antibiotic treatment decisions.Methods:Using electronic hospital records from Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham (QEHB) collected between 2011 and 2017, we aim to develop a series of models that estimates the probability of bacterial UTI at presentation in the emergency department (ED) among individuals with suspected UTI syndromes. Predictions will be made during ED attendance and at different time points after hospital admission to assess whether predictive performance may be improved over time as more information becomes available about patient status. All models will be externally validated for expected future performance using QEHB data from 2018/19. Discussion:Risk prediction models using electronic health records offer a new approach to improve antibiotic prescribing decisions, integrating clinical and demographic data with test results to stratify patients according to their probability of bacterial infection. Used in conjunction with expert opinion, they may help clinicians to identify patients that benefit the most from early antibiotic cessation.
Variation in Anopheles distribution and predictors of malaria infection risk across regions of Madagascar
Authors: Arisco Nicholas , Rice Benjamin L , Tantely Luciano M , Girod Romain , Emile Gauthier N , Randriamady Hervet J , Castro Marcia C , Golden Christopher D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDeforestation and land use change is widespread in Madagascar, altering local ecosystems and creating opportunities for disease vectors, such as the Anopheles mosquito, to proliferate and more easily reach vulnerable, rural populations. Knowledge of risk factors associated with malaria infections is growing globally, but these associations remain understudied across Madagascar’s diverse ecosystems experiencing rapid environmental change. This study aims to uncover socioeconomic, demographic, and ecological risk factors for malaria infection across regions through analysis of a large, cross-sectional dataset.MethodsHere, we assess (1) the ecological correlates of malaria vector breeding through larval surveys, and (2) the socioeconomic, demographic, and ecological risk factors for malaria infection in four ecologically distinct regions of rural Madagascar. We determine risk factors using multilevel models for the four regions included in the study.ResultsThe presence of aquatic agriculture (both within and surrounding communities) is the strongest predictive factor of habitats containing Anopheles larvae across all regions. We determine that ecological and socioeconomic risk factors for malaria infection vary dramatically across study regions and range in their complexity.ConclusionsRisk factors for malaria transmission differ dramatically across regions of Madagascar. These results may help stratifying current malaria control efforts in Madagascar beyond the scope of existing interventions.
Meta-Analysis of Association between CT-baesd Features and Tumor Spread Through Air Spaces in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yin Qifan , Wang Huien , Cui Hongshang , Wang Wenhao , Yang Guang , Qie Peng , Xun Xuejiao , Han Shaohui , Liu Huining 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective

Spread through air space (STAS) is a novel invasive pattern of lung adenocarcinoma and is also a risk factor for recurrence and worse prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma after sublobar resection. The aims of this study are to evaluate the association between computed tomography (CT)-based features and STAS for preoperative prediction of STAS in lung adenocarcinoma, eventually, which could help us choose appropriate surgical type.

Methods

Systematic research was conducted to search for studies published before September 1, 2019. The association between CT-baesd features of radiological tumor size>2cm、pure solid nodule、 part-solid nodule or Percentage of solid component(PSC)>50% and STAS was evaluated. According to rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eight studies including 2,385 patients published between 2015 and 2018 were finally enrolled in our meta-analysis.

Results

Our results clearly depicted that there is no significant relationship between radiological tumor size>2cm and STAS with the combined OR of 1.47(95% CI:0.86-2.51). Meta-analysis of 3 studies showed that pure solid nodule in CT image were more likely to spread through air spaces with pooled OR of 3.10(95%CI2.17-4.43). Meta-analysis of 5 studies revealed the part-solid nodule in CT image may be more likely to appear STAS in adenocarcinoma (ADC) (combined OR:3.10,95%CI:2.17-4.43). PSC>50% in CT image was a significant independent predictor in the diagnosis of STAS in ADC from our meta-analysis with combined OR of 2.95(95%CI:1.88-4.63).

Conclusion

In conclusion, The CT-based features of pure solid nodule、part-solid nodule、PSC>50% are promising imaging biomarkers for predicting STAS in ADC and may substantially influence the choice of surgical type. In future, more studies with well-designed and large-scale are needed to confirm the conclusion.
Trends of alcohol use, dietary behaviour, interpersonal violence, mental health, oral and hand hygiene behaviour among adolescents in Lebanon: cross-sectional national school surveys from 2005, 2011 and 2017
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background: Health risk behaviours during adolescence can have long-term negative consequences. Little is known, however, about the recent health risk behaviour trends in adolescents in Lebanon, This investigation aimed to report the trends in the prevalence of various health risk behaviours, such as alcohol use, dietary behaviour, interpersonal violence, mental health, oral and hand hygiene, among adolescents in Lebanon.Methods: Cross-sectional nationally representative data were analysed from 13,109 adolescents (14 years median age) that participated in three waves (2005, 2011 and 2017) of the “Lebanon Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)”.Results: Significant improvements were found among both boys and girls in the decline of interpersonal violence (bulling victimization, being physically attack and involvement in physical fighting), poor washing of hands after using the toilet, and suicide plan, and among girls only loneliness, worry-induced sleep disturbance and suicidal ideation. Significant increases were found among both boys and girls in the prevalence of inadequate fruit consumption, and among boys only unintentional injury and not always washing hands before eating.Conclusion: Several decreases but also increases of health risk behaviours were found over three assessment points during a period of 12 years calling for continued health enhancing activities in this adolescent population.
RND2 attenuates apoptosis and autophagy in glioblastoma cells by targeting p38 MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Xu Yang , Sun Qian , Yuan Fan’en , Dong Huimin , Zhang Huikai , Geng Rongxin , Qi Yangzhi , Xiong Xiaoxing , Liu Baohui , Chen Qianxue 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Inhibition of p38 MAPK signalling leads to glioblastoma multiform (GBM) tumourigenesis. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism that induces p38 MAPK signalling pathway silencing during GBM genesis has yet to be determined. Identifying new factors that can regulate p38 MAPK signalling is important for tumour treatment. Methods: Flow cytometry, TUNEL assays, immunofluorescence, JC-1 assays, and western blot analyses were used to detect the apoptosis of GBM cells. The specific methods used to detect autophagy levels in GBM cells were western blot analysis, LC3B protein immunofluorescence, LC3B puncta assays and transmission electron microscopy. The functions of these critical molecules were further confirmed in vivo by intracranial xenografts in nude mice. Tumour tissue samples and clinical information were used to identify the correlation between RND2 and p62 and LC3B expression, survival time of patients, and tumour volumes in clinical patients. Results: By summarizing data from the TCGA database, we found that expression of the small GTPase RND2 was significantly increased in human glioblastomas. Our study demonstrated that RND2 functions as an endogenous repressor of the p38 MAPK phosphorylation complex. RND2 physically interacted with p38 and decreased p38 phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting p38 MAPK signalling activities.The forced expression of RND2 repressed p38 MAPK signalling, which inhibited glioblastoma cell autophagy and apoptosis in vitro and induced tumour growth in the xenografted mice in vivo . By contrast, the downregulation of RND2 enhanced p38 MAPK signalling activities and promoted glioma cell autophagy and apoptosis. The inhibition of p38 phosphorylation abolished RND2 deficiency-mediated GBM cell autophagy and apoptosis. Most importantly, our study found that RND2 expression was inversely correlated with patient survival time and was positively correlated with tumour size. Conclusions: Our findings revealed a new function for RND2 in GBM cell death and offered mechanistic insights into the inhibitory effects of RND2 with regard to the regulation of p38 MAPK activation.