bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investors' Misweighting of Firm‐Level Information and the Market's Expectations of Earnings
Authors: Keskek Sami , Myers James N. , Myers Linda A. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTPrior studies use fundamental earnings forecasts to proxy for the market's expectations of earnings because analyst forecasts are biased and are available for only a subset of firms. We find that as a proxy for market expectations, fundamental forecasts contain systematic measurement errors analogous to those in analysts' biased forecasts. Therefore, these forecasts are not representative of investors' beliefs. The systematic measurement errors from using fundamental forecasts to proxy for market expectations occur because investors misweight the information in many firm‐level variables when estimating future earnings, but fundamental forecasts are formed using the historically efficient weights on firm‐level variables. Thus, we develop an alternative ex ante proxy for the market's expectations of future earnings (“the implied market forecast”) using the historical (and inefficient) weights, as reflected in stock returns, that the market places on firm‐level variables. A trading strategy based on the implied market forecast error, which is measured as the difference between the implied market forecast and the fundamental forecast, generates excess returns of approximately 9 percent per year. These returns cannot be explained by investors' reliance on analysts' biased forecasts. Overall, our results reveal that market expectations differ from both fundamental forecasts and analysts' forecasts.
Nociceptive transient receptor potential canonical 7 (TRPC7) mediates aging‐associated tumorigenesis induced by ultraviolet B
Authors: Hsu Wen‐Li , Tsai Ming‐Hsien , Wu Ching‐Ying , Liang Jui‐Lin , Lu Jian‐He , Kahle Jennifer S. , Yu Hsin‐Su , Yen Chia‐Jung , Yen Chen‐Tung , Hsieh Yi‐Chun , Huang Yung‐Yun , Lin Li‐Ching , Tsai Tsung‐Fu , Chen Chu‐Huang , Yoshioka Tohru 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAging, cancer, and longevity have been linked to intracellular Ca2+ signaling and nociceptive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. We found that TRP canonical 7 (TRPC7) is a nociceptive mechanoreceptor and that TRPC7 channels specifically mediate the initiation of ultraviolet B (UVB)‐induced skin aging and tumor development due to p53 gene family mutations. Within 30 min after UVB irradiation, TRPC7 mediated UVB‐induced Ca2+ influx and the subsequent production of reactive oxygen species in skin cells. Notably, this function was unique to TRPC7 and was not observed for other TRP channels. In TRPC7 knockout mice, we did not observe the significant UVB‐associated pathology seen in wild‐type mice, including epidermal thickening, abnormal keratinocyte differentiation, and DNA damage response activation. TRPC7 knockout mice also had significantly fewer UVB‐induced cancerous tumors than did wild‐type mice, and UVB‐induced p53 gene family mutations were prevented in TRPC7 knockout mice. These results indicate that TRPC7 activity is pivotal in the initiation of UVB‐induced skin aging and tumorigenesis and that the reduction in TRPC7 activity suppresses the UVB‐induced aging process and tumor development. Our findings support that TRPC7 is a potential tumor initiator gene and that it causes cell aging and genomic instability, followed by a change in the activity of proto‐oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes to promote tumorigenesis.
Distribution and pest status of the Old World screw‐worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in Papua New Guinea and the threat to Australian livestock and wildlife
Authors: Spradbery J Philip , Sands Don P A , Tozer Robert S 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe distribution of the Old World screw‐worm fly Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve and the incidence of traumatic myiases (strikes) in livestock, humans and wild animals in Papua New Guinea (PNG) for the period 1973–1985 is described as a foundation for current considerations of risk to Australia. Field studies indicated myiasis caused by C. bezziana occurred throughout PNG to an altitude of 2590 m. Cattle and sheep were the most commonly recorded hosts. The impact of strikes on individual cattle properties varied from negligible levels to every animal being infested on average each year. The incidence of strikes was apparently related to vegetation cover with fewer strikes in open grassland and more strikes in wooded areas. There was no statistical correlation between rainfall and strike incidence although most properties reported that the number of strikes by C. bezziana was greatest after periods of rain. On a mixed‐breed sheep property in the highlands, Romneys suffered an annual strike rate of 20% compared with 9% in Perendales and 7% in Corriedales. The majority of strikes in sheep were in the vulva and anus region (59% of total). Repeated vulva strike in ewes resulted in reduced fertility such that annual lambing rates were reduced by 66% after three strikes and no lambs were produced after five consecutive strikes. Management practices such as dehorning, castration, tail docking and ear tagging frequently resulted in strikes. Deaths of livestock attributed directly to myiases from C. bezziana infestations were common. The incidence of C. bezziana infestations in wildlife and humans in PNG is documented. The results are discussed in relation to risks of its entry to Australia and potential impact of C. bezziana on the livestock industries and wildlife if C. bezziana was accidentally introduced and became established. The implications of predicted climate change on the potential distribution and hosts in Australia are also examined.
Larger head circumference in Icelandic children 0‐4 years of age compared to the World Health Organization and Swedish growth charts
Authors: Juliusson Petur B. , Dagbjartsson Atli , Roelants Mathieu , Palsson Gestur , Fridjonsdottir Hildigunnur , Einarsdottir Rosa , Thorsson Arni V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThe World Health Organization (WHO) published universal growth standards for children below five year of age in 2006. Traditionally, Swedish growth references have been used to monitor growth of children in Iceland, but it is not yet known how they compare with these reference charts.MethodsA total of 2128 longitudinal measurements of length or height, 2132 of weight and 2126 of head circumference between birth and four years of age were collected in 1996‐2000 from 199 healthy children (53% boys) recruited at Landspitali University Hospital. Measurements were converted to z‐scores using the WHO growth standards and Swedish growth references for further analysis with mixed‐effects models.ResultsLength or height, weight and in particular head circumference largely exceeded the WHO standards, with average z‐scores that fluctuated between 0.5 and 1.5. Likewise, the proportion of children with az‐score larger than 2 SD increased about 10‐fold. Icelandic children were longer and heavier than their Swedish peers during the first six months of life, but differences were less pronounced thereafter.ConclusionThe growth of Icelandic children deviated significantly from the WHO growth standards. Although more comparable to the Swedish references, significant differences were found, suggesting that a national growth reference would be more appropriate.
Quercetin inhibits carbapenemase and efflux pump activities among carbapenem‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria
Authors: Pal Arijit , Tripathi Anusri 
Published: November 2019

Rapid dissemination of carbapenem‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria (CRGNB) is a global threat. Quercetin is known for its antimicrobial activity. In this study, carbapenemase and efflux pump inhibitory activities of quercetin were demonstrated against carbapenem‐resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Further, molecular docking was performed to elucidate molecular mechanisms of such inhibition. CRGNB, expressing one of the carbapenemases, demonstrated significant inhibition of carbapenemase activity when pre‐incubated with 64 µg/ml quercetin. Moreover, acrB overexpressing enterobacterial isolates exhibited significant inhibition of efflux activity upon quercetin treatment. Molecular docking studies revealed stability of quercetin‐carbapenemase complexes. (i) Virtual superimposition of quercetin onto meropenem, (ii) proximity of quercetin to attacking nucleophile and (iii) involvement of same amino acids that stabilize both meropenem and quercetin – indicated competition between quercetin and meropenem for ligand binding. Although quercetin and PAβN, a standard efflux pump inhibitor, docked at both central cavity and periplasmic drug binding sites of AcrB, they did not virtually superimpose on each other. However, sufficient release of Gibb's free energy and involvement of same set of amino acids in PAβN and quercetin stability predicted quercetin's efflux pump inhibitory potential. Hence, quercetin could be potential adjuvant therapeutics for CRGNB‐mediated infections.
Effects of thiosulfate addition on ammonia and nitrogen removal in biofilters packed with Oyaishi (pumice tuff)
Authors: Yasuda Tomoko , Fukumoto Yasuyuki , Waki Miyoko , Matsumoto Toshimi , Uenishi Hirohide 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAmmonia removal is achieved partly by absorption and nitrification in biofilters, resulting in the accumulation of nitrogen and the necessity of treating the effluent water. We investigated the effects of thiosulfate addition to a biofilter containing pumice tuff for ammonia and nitrogen removal in a laboratory‐scale experiment. The addition of thiosulfate to the circulating water led to a decreased nitrate and nitrite along with an increase of sulfate. The inorganic nitrogen in the circulating water decreased by up to 44% with thiosulfate addition compared to without thiosulfate. Batch experiments revealed that denitrification activity decreased exponentially along with increases in dissolved oxygen; however, approximately 30% of denitrification activity was maintained at dissolved oxygen concentration of 3.3 mg/L. Metabarcoding of 16S rRNA genes indicated that the genus Thiobacillus had a relative abundance of 0.002%–0.016% of total bacteria in the biofilter packing material. The circulating water pH was decreased below 5 with sulfur oxidation, and ammonium was accumulated without pH control resulting in a decrease in the relative abundance of the family Nitrosomonadaceae. Its relative abundance increased with control of pH to near neutral, indicating that ammonia‐oxidizing activity could be maintained by adjusting pH. Thiosulfate addition could stimulate nitrogen removal by sulfur‐dependent denitrification in biofiltration systems.
Analysis of results from 21 years of milking system inspections in Japanese dairy farms
Authors: Enokidani Masafumi , Shinozuka Yasunori , Kawai Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo prevent mastitis caused by inappropriate milking systems, inspection of the system, and maintenance of optimal function are crucial. This study aimed to clarify the problems with milking systems in Japan by analyzing the results of milking system inspections over the past 21 years. A total of 190 dairy farms (358 systems; 153 high‐line systems, 205 low‐line systems) were inspected for the checkpoints of problems originating from installation (PI) or problems originating from insufficient maintenance (PIM). Results were divided into initial and periodic inspections, then analyzed by year of inspection or years elapsed since equipment installation. With increasing years, inadequacy of milk piping and regulator maintenance tended to increase for high‐line systems. On the other hand, defects in milking units tended to increase for low‐line systems. This difference was attributed to the structures of these milking systems. The present study revealed potential problem areas in high‐ and low‐line milking systems from recent years. To maintain normal functioning in milking systems, the frequency and content of inspections as currently being conducted need to be reviewed.
Rosiglitazone ameliorates tissue plasminogen activator‐induced brain hemorrhage after stroke
Authors: Li Yan , Zhu Zi‐Yu , Lu Bing‐Wei , Huang Ting‐Ting , Zhang Yue‐Man , Zhou Na‐Ying , Xuan Wei , Chen Zeng‐Ai , Wen Da‐Xiang , Yu Wei‐Feng , Li Pei‐Ying 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveDelayed thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) may exacerbate blood‐brain barrier (BBB) breakdown after ischemic stroke and lead to catastrophic hemorrhagic transformation (HT). Rosiglitazone(RSG), a widely used antidiabetic drug that activates peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ), has been shown to protect against cerebral ischemia through promoting poststroke microglial polarization toward the beneficial anti‐inflammatory phenotype. However, whether RSG can alleviate HT after delayed tPA treatment remains unknown. In this study, we sort to examine the role of RSG on tPA‐induced HT after stroke.Methods and resultsWe used the murine suture middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models of stroke followed by delayed administration of tPA (10 mg/kg, 2 hours after suture occlusion) to investigate the therapeutic potential of RSG against tPA‐induced HT. When RSG(6 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered 1 hour before MCAO in tPA‐treated MCAO mice, HT in the ischemic territory was significantly attenuated 1 day after stroke. In the tPA‐treated MCAO mice, we found RSG significantly mitigated BBB disruption and hemorrhage development compared to tPA‐alone‐treated stroke mice. Using flow cytometry and immunostaining, we confirmed that the expression of CD206 was significantly upregulated while the expression of iNOS was down‐regulated in microglia of the RSG‐treated mice. We further found that the expression of Arg‐1 was also upregulated in those tPA and RSG‐treated stroke mice and the protection against tPA‐induced HT and BBB disruption in these mice were abolished in the presence of PPAR‐γ antagonist GW9662 (4 mg/kg, 1 hour before dMCAO through intraperitoneal injection).ConclusionsRSG treatment protects against BBB damage and ameliorates HT in delayed tPA‐treated stroke mice by activating PPAR‐γ and favoring microglial polarization toward anti‐inflammatory phenotype.
Independent parameters of left atrium function in hypertensive heart disease
Authors: Salas Pacheco José Luis , Sánchez Oscar Lomelí 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe left atrium reservoir function has an important role in the global cardiac performance and is determined by multiple cardiac and extra‐cardiac factors. A new parameter is introduced, the independent strain, which quantifies left atrium reservoir phase deformation during isovolumetric relaxation.AimsIs evaluated whether independent strain can identify intrinsic atrial myocardial damage in hypertension.Material and MethodsProspective observational study in which echocardiography was done to 50 hypertensive patients and 80 healthy volunteers. Myocardial deformation was evaluated with two‐dimensional speckle tracking and left atrium volumes were calculated whit 3D‐echocardiography.ResultsIn hypertensive patients, the indexed left atrium volume was greater than in the control group (34 ± 7.8 vs 24 ± 4.9 mL/m2); strain of pump (−5.7 ± 2.4% vs −17±3.5%) and reservoir phases (34 ± 9% vs 48 ± 10%) were worst. The minimum left atrium volume was higher (26 ± 10 vs 15 ± 8 mL) and left atrium independent strain was lower in hypertensive patients (4.0% vs 6.5%, P = .001). Left atrium independent strain only correlated with minimum left atrium volume (r = −.31, P = .048).DiscussionThe left ventricle longitudinal performance has an important contributing role in the left atrium reservoir function; despite this finding, the independent strain was unrelated to left ventricle longitudinal function.ConclusionIndependent strain can identify atrial myocyte contractile dysfunction in hypertension given the relative absence of hemodynamic loads during this period. Additionally, quantification of left atrium minimum volume suggests indirectly the presence of atrial myocyte contractile dysfunction.
Personalized medicine: Vinpocetine to reverse effects of GABRB3 mutation
Authors: Billakota Santoshi , Andresen J. Michael , Gay Bryant C. , Stewart Gregory R. , Fedorov Nikolai B. , Gerlach Aaron C. , Devinsky Orrin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo screen a library of potential therapeutic compounds for a woman with Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome due to a Y302C GABRB3 (c.905A>G) mutation.MethodsWe compared the electrophysiological properties of cells with wild‐type or the pathogenic GABRB3 mutation.ResultsAmong 1320 compounds, multiple candidates enhanced GABRB3 channel conductance in cell models. Vinpocetine, an alkaloid derived from the periwinkle plant with anti‐inflammatory properties and the ability to modulate sodium and channel channels, was the lead candidate based on efficacy and safety profile. Vinpocetine was administered as a dietary supplement over 6 months, reaching a dosage of 20 mg three times per day, and resulted in a sustained, dose‐dependent reduction in spike‐wave discharge frequency on electroencephalograms. Improved language and behavior were reported by family, and improvements in global impression of change surveys were observed by therapists blinded to intervention.SignificanceVinpocetine has potential efficacy in treating patients with this mutation and possibly other GABRB3 mutations or other forms of epilepsy. Additional studies on pharmacokinetics, potential drug interactions, and safety are needed.
Advanced social media sentiment analysis for short‐term cryptocurrency price prediction
Authors: Wołk Krzysztof 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the scrutiny of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies as legal and regulated components of financial systems has been increasing. Bitcoin is currently one of the largest cryptocurrencies in terms of capital market share. Therefore, this study proposes that sentiment analysis can be used as a computational tool to predict the prices of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies for different time intervals. A key characteristic of the cryptocurrency market is that the fluctuation of currency prices depends on people's perceptions and opinions, not institutional money regulation. Therefore, analysing the relationship between social media and web search is crucial for cryptocurrency price prediction. This study uses Twitter and Google Trends to forecast the short‐term prices of the primary cryptocurrencies, as these social media platforms are used to influence purchasing decisions. The study adopts and interpolates a unique multimodel approach to analyse the impact of social media on cryptocurrency prices. Our results prove that people's psychological and behavioural attitudes have a significant impact on the highly speculative cryptocurrency prices.
Restrictive allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation: is there a place for nintedanib?—a case report
Authors: Pluchart Hélène , Chanoine Sébastien , Briault Amandine , Claustre Johanna , Bedouch Pierrick 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOne of the posttransplantation complications is represented by chronic lung allograft dysfunction, which has two main clinical presentations: bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and restrictive allograft syndrome. The latter being challenging because of poor prognosis and only symptomatic treatment, and characterized by fibrotic process. A 63‐year‐old man was right lung‐transplanted in 2009 due to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In 2011, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome was diagnosed evolving to restrictive allograft syndrome in 2016. An off‐label treatment by nintedanib (150 mg twice a day) was introduced. Unfortunately, it was stopped 4 months later because of digestive intolerance, without any clinical improvement. Contrary to a previous case reported, our patient did not have any benefit of nintedanib. Antifibrotic agents' effects such as nintedanib on restrictive allograft syndrome should be assessed in further randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled studies.
Conversion of coastal wetlands, riparian wetlands, and peatlands increases greenhouse gas emissions: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Tan Lishan , Ge Zhenming , Zhou Xuhui , Li Shihua , Li Xiuzhen , Tang Jianwu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLand‐use/land‐cover change (LULCC) often results in degradation of natural wetlands and affects the dynamics of greenhouse gases (GHGs). However, the magnitude of changes in GHG emissions from wetlands undergoing various LULCC types remains unclear. We conducted a global meta‐analysis with a database of 209 sites to examine the effects of LULCC types of constructed wetlands (CWs), croplands (CLs), aquaculture ponds (APs), drained wetlands (DWs), and pastures (PASs) on the variability in CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from the natural coastal wetlands, riparian wetlands, and peatlands. Our results showed that the natural wetlands were net sinks of atmospheric CO2 and net sources of CH4 and N2O, exhibiting the capacity to mitigate greenhouse effects due to negative comprehensive global warming potentials (GWPs; −0.9 to −8.7 t CO2‐eq ha−1 year−1). Relative to the natural wetlands, all LULCC types (except CWs from coastal wetlands) decreased the net CO2 uptake by 69.7%−456.6%, due to a higher increase in ecosystem respiration relative to slight changes in gross primary production. The CWs and APs significantly increased the CH4 emissions compared to those of the coastal wetlands. All LULCC types associated with the riparian wetlands significantly decreased the CH4 emissions. When the peatlands were converted to the PASs, the CH4 emissions significantly increased. The CLs, as well as DWs from peatlands, significantly increased the N2O emissions in the natural wetlands. As a result, all LULCC types (except PASs from riparian wetlands) led to remarkably higher GWPs by 65.4%−2,948.8%, compared to those of the natural wetlands. The variability in GHG fluxes with LULCC was mainly sensitive to changes in soil water content, water table, salinity, soil nitrogen content, soil pH, and bulk density. This study highlights the significant role of LULCC in increasing comprehensive GHG emissions from global natural wetlands, and our results are useful for improving future models and manipulative experiments.
MicroRNAs and exosomes: key players in HIV pathogenesis
Authors: Sadri Nahand J , Bokharaei‐Salim F , Karimzadeh M , Moghoofei M , Karampoor S , Mirzaei HR , Tabibzadeh A , Jafari A , Ghaderi A , Asemi Z , Mirzaei H , Hamblin MR 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesHIV infection is well known to cause impairment of the human immune system, and until recently was a leading cause of death. It has been shown that T lymphocytes are the main targets of HIV. The virus inactivates T lymphocytes by interfering with a wide range of cellular and molecular targets, leading to suppression of the immune system. The objective of this review is to investigate to what extent microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in HIV pathogenesis.MethodsThe scientific literature (Pubmed and Google scholar) for the period 1988–2019 was searched.ResultsMounting evidence has revealed that miRNAs are involved in viral replication and immune response, whether by direct targeting of viral transcripts or through indirect modulation of virus‐related host pathways. In addition, exosomes have been found to act as nanoscale carriers involved in HIV pathogenesis. These nanovehicles target their cargos (i.e. DNA, RNA, viral proteins and miRNAs) leading to alteration of the behaviour of recipient cells.ConclusionsmiRNAs and exosomes are important players in HIV pathogenesis. Additionally, there are potential diagnostic applications of miRNAs as biomarkers in HIV infection.