bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AUTOMATED PRODUCT FUNCTIONALITY AND DESIGN OPTIMIZATION INSTANCING A PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEM
Authors: Wolniak P. , Sauthoff B. , Kloock-Schreiber D. , Lachmayer R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhen using product-service systems as a business model, new product development challenges and opportunities arise. Due to the possibility of customizing the product fleet depending on the user-scenarios, more product variants are possible and often necessary. Therefore, this paper presents an approach for the automated functionality and design optimization for user scenario specific use cases. The approach combines an optimization framework with a functional simulation model and a generative design approach CAD model. This results in a robust and simultaneously flexible design environment.
DIMENSIONS OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION: A COMPARATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW WITHIN DESIGN CONTEXT
Authors: Nguyen Q. T. , Mougenot C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we review empirical studies of multidisciplinary collaboration in design and innovation activities. From 200 papers, we selected 17 for a meta-synthesis review. When revisited and compared, they present common themes and dichotomy in findings. This literature review discusses such diversity, offering a methodological critique of unclear areas. Four emerged themes were identified: (1) Knowledge diversity, (2) Trust, (3) Barrier and (4) Jargon and communication, providing perspectives for further research on how online collaboration will influence multidisciplinary team processes.
EVALUATING THE POTENTIAL FOR LOW ENERGY EMITTERS TO FACILITATE SOLAR-POWERED DRIP IRRIGATION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Authors: Van de Zande G. , Amrose S. , Winter A. G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroducing irrigation to smallholder farms in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) can increase food security, improve nutrition, and reduce poverty. To explore the possibility of using drip irrigation on smallholder farms in SSA, we introduce a feasibility study that views the design space from both a user-centered lens, explaining how drip might be successful in the future, and from an engineering lens. With a first-order model, we compare estimated capital costs of drip and sprinkler systems for various farm profiles and show that drip has the potential to be a viable technology for many farms in SSA.
WHY ENGINEER-TO-ORDER PORTFOLIO RATIONALIZATION STALLS: CHALLENGES IN STANDARDIZATION, MODULARIZATION, PLATFORM DESIGN AND MASS CUSTOMIZATION
Authors: Bertram C. A. , Mueller G. O. , Løkkegaard M. , Mortensen N. H. , Hvam L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere are various strategies to control complexity and variety growth in ETO businesses. Such portfolio rationalization initiatives sometimes stall. This paper elaborates on the challenges that cause this. Challenges described in literature and challenges seen in five different industry cases are consolidated. The challenges are combined into groups and presented in the ADKAR change management model. The authors intend this list to be used for guidance In industry and expect the collection to be extended with future industry cases and challenges.
THE USER-DRIVEN MINIMUM FEASIBLE PRODUCT – TOWARDS A NOVEL APPROACH ON USER INTEGRATION
Authors: Nicklas S. J. , Atzberger A. , Briede-Westermeyer J. C. , Paetzold K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUser integration is a key aspect of new product development. When applying corresponding methods, however, there is a communication gap that needs to be overcome by the designer. Prototyping is a means to bridge this disjunction, yet brings its own set of hermeneutic limitations. Taking a closer look at the processual information exchange, we propose the concept of the user-driven minimum feasible product (UD-MFP). It describes the artefact generated by the users themselves in their specific context, which contains the essence of the problem's solution as a possible source of validation.
PERCEPTION OF SUSTAINABLE DESIGN INTEGRATION BENEFITS AMONG INDUSTRY PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT TEAMS: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Chatty T. , Faludi J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHow do employees perceive the impact of incorporating sustainability considerations into their product development practice? In this case study, we observe how these perceptions can be shifted by teaching workshops on how to apply sustainable design methods in practice. We compare the trends for different methods on various dimensions such as creativity, design process time, product marketability etc. Results show an overall shift towards positive perception for all the methods on a majority of factors, indicating a way to ease the adoption of sustainable design into industry practice.
CALCULATING TARGET THRESHOLDS FOR THE MARGIN VALUE METHOD USING COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS
Authors: Brahma A. , Wynn D. C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOverspecification or excess margin in a design can enhance its ability to absorb changes and uncertainty, but also deteriorates performance criteria such as weight and cost. This paper shows how the Margin Value Method (article in review) can be applied in conjunction with CAE tools such as FEA to quantify excess margin where a design is too complex for algebraic analysis. This new application context for the MVM is illustrated using a case study of a flange coupling design, in which topology optimisation is used within the MVM to identify opportunities for design improvement.
ROLLING RESISTANCE OF ATV TYRES IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Petterson T. C. , Gooch S. D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElectric vehicles are playing an increasingly important role in the agricultural sector. The selection of tyres for reducing energy loss due to rolling resistance is an important consideration in determining the viability of these vehicles. To date little is known about rolling resistance of small all-terrain vehicles. In this study a test rig was used to collect rolling resistance data for seven ATV tyres. The study verifies the relationship between normal load and rolling resistance and gives insight into some of the important considerations when selecting tyres for small off road vehicles.
A FRAMEWORK FOR ADDRESSING ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE ENGINEERING OF AUTOMATED VEHICLES (AND OTHER TECHNOLOGIES)
Authors: Millar J. , Paz D. , Thornton S. M. , Parisi C. , Gerdes J. C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolicymakers have attempted to preemptively address the concern of ethical issues with the regulation of automated vehicles. Unfortunately, both policymakers and designers of these technologies struggle to articulate ethical issues and their resolution. We propose a framework that engineers and designers of automated technologies can apply that allows them to identify and resolve ethical tensions within the design task. We demonstrate the practicability of the framework to the engineering design process through a human-subject study where engineers applied the framework in a workshop.
ROBUSTNESS IMPROVEMENT USING OPEN SOURCE CODE LIBRARIES
Authors: Sanchez J. , Björkman Z. , Otto K. N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractComputer tools are commonly used to assess designs. We develop a toolchain using open source code libraries in Python to provide an open source, interactive robust design improvement toolchain. A reference folder contains a script that reads an input parameter value file and runs the simulation. The toolchain executes uncertainty quantification steps by replicating the reference folder. This is repeated for design points, and mean and sigma graphs generated versus each design variable. This fits within a workflow of defining variation modes, design variables, and toolchain execution.
PET PLASTIC IN FOOD AND BEVERAGE PACKAGING DESIGN: A REVIEW OF LEGISLATION, LITERATURE AND INDUSTRY REPORTING COMPARING EUROPEAN AND SOUTH AFRICAN INDUSTRIAL PRACTICE
Authors: Maritz M. , Eriksson V. , Barnes V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article draws inspiration from two concepts, which initially appear to be at odds with each other. The first refers to the impact that plastics use has had on the environment and human health, while the second explores the prevalence and continued increase in the use of plastic materials. The manufacturing of plastic packaging will be reviewed to identify appropriate intervention. This article focuses on the future development of PET packaging in South Africa, exploring current literature and legislation which aid in the holistic development of the plastic packaging value chain.
VALUE PROPOSITION OF PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEMS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO COMPARE TWO DIFFERENT DESIGN APPROACHES
Authors: Fernandes S. C. , Pigosso D. C. A. , McAloone T. C. , Rozenfeld H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of product-service systems (PSS) requires the design of value propositions, which involves challenging activities. In the context of business model innovation, gamification is presented as a practical mechanism to support the design process. This study aims to create a prototype of a gamified approach to design PSS value propositions and to compare its application to a traditional design approach. Based on a design experiment, the advantages and problems for both approaches were evaluated, providing insights for further development of the new version of the gamified approach.
CONCURRENT CONCEPTUAL DESIGN SEQUENCING FOR MBSE OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS THROUGH DESIGN STRUCTURE MATRICES
Authors: Salas Cordero S. K. , Fortin C. , Vingerhoeds R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhilst Concurrent Conceptual Design (CCD) has been performed for many years at facilities such as: the Concurrent Design Facility at ESA and the Project Design Center at JPL-NASA, the sequencing know-how resides in their communities of practice. This paper strives to explain how a sequencing algorithm based on Design Structure Matrices can be used as an instrument to facilitate the interaction between disciplines during CCD studies for Model-Based systems exemplified with two case studies.
DERIVATION OF DESCRIPTION FEATURES FOR ENGINEERING CHANGE REQUEST BY AID OF LATENT DIRICHLET ALLOCATION
Authors: Riesener M. , Dölle C. , Mendl-Heinisch M. , Schuh G. , Keuper A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractComplex products and shorter development cycles lead to an increasing number of engineering changes. In order to be able to process these changes more effectively and efficiently, this paper develops a description model as a first step towards a data driven approach of processing engineering change requests. The description model is systematically derived from literature using text mining and natural language processing techniques. An example of the application is given by an automated classification based on similarity calculations between new and historic engineering change requests.
Analysis of PBAC submissions and outcomes for medicines (2010–2018)
Authors: Lybrand Sean , Wonder Michael 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesThe Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) provides timely, reliable, and affordable access to necessary medicines for Australians. We reviewed the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC) submissions and their related outcomes and timelines since 2010.MethodsWe examined the PBS Website to identify submissions and their related PBAC outcomes for new medicines, new indications, and new combination products that had been considered by the PBAC since 2010.ResultsThirty-five PBAC meetings were held during the study period, at which the Committee considered 781 submissions (1,074 medicine/patient population pairings). We saw an increase in the annual number of submissions (medicine/patient population parings). The recommendation rate for the study period was higher than the rejection rate. The annual mean value for the period from the date of initial PBAC recommendation to the date of PBS listing ranged from 357 to 644 days; the annual mean value for the period of the date of PBAC recommendation to the date of PBS listing ranged from 187 to 245 days. It took, on average, 1.70 submissions that included an economic evaluation to obtain a PBAC recommendation. It took more submissions to obtain a PBAC recommendation for a cost-effectiveness analysis submission than it did for a CMA submission. The PBAC was willing to recommend medicines for most acceptable base-case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) bands, and the majority of the PBAC did not recommended any medicine in the study period that had a base-case ICER >AUD75,000.ConclusionsThe results of our analyses reveal a minor reduction in the period from the date of PBAC recommendation to the date of PBS listing. Several analyses were hampered by a high proportion of missing data.
Digging down into the global urban past
Authors: Hart Emma , Dantas Mariana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn our introduction to this Special Issue on early modern cities and globalization, we explore the current place of cities before 1850 in global urban history and address the promise of a greater focus on their role. We argue that the interplay between the large scale and the small scale in the imperial global city is an essential dialogical force in the formation of each city's relationship to the wider early modern world. Furthermore, early modern global urban history can help explain the creation of spaces that facilitated connections between distant, global locations, as well as illuminate the emergence of networks of exchange between city communities around the globe. Yet, it also reveals the tense, messy negotiation of the meaning of these urban spaces, as well as the incredibly diverse communities they harboured.
COVID-19 in adult patients with CHD: a matter of anatomy or comorbidities?
Authors: Ferrero Paolo , Piazza Isabelle , Ciuffreda Matteo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLittle is know about COVID-19 outcome in specific populations such as Adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients. We report three cases of adult patients with similar underlying disease with completely different clinical severity at the time of COVID-19 infection. The patient with the most severe clinical course was obese and diabetic, suggesting that COVID-19 mortality and morbidity in Adult congenital heart disease patients might be independent of anatomic complexity.
Availability and affordability of healthy and less healthy food in Nova Scotia: where you shop may affect the availability and price of healthy food
Authors: Egbe Manfred , Grant Amy , Waddington Madeleine , Terashima Mikiko , MacAulay Rita , Johnson Christine , Kholina Ksenia , Williams Patricia L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective:
The present study aimed to examine the availability and price of healthier compared with less healthy foods by geography, store category and store type for convenience stores, and by store size for grocery stores in Nova Scotia.

Design:
A cross-sectional study that examined differences in the overall availability and price of healthier compared to less healthy foods in grocery and convenience stores in Nova Scotia. The Nova Scotia Consumer Food Environment project was part of a larger initiative of the Nova Scotia government (Department of Health and Wellness) to assess the food and beverage environment in Nova Scotia in 2015/16.

Setting:
Four geographic zones (Nova Scotia Health Authority Management Zones) in Nova Scotia, Canada.

Participants:
A sample of forty-seven grocery stores and fifty-nine convenience stores were selected from a list of 210 grocery stores and 758 convenience stores in Nova Scotia to ensure geographic and store type representation in our sample.

Results:
Findings indicate that rurality had a significant effect on food availability as measured by the Nutrition Environment Measures Surveys (NEMS) score (P < 0·01); there was a higher availability of healthy foods in rural compared to urban areas for convenience stores but not grocery stores. Healthier foods were also more available in chain stores compared to independent stores (P < 0·01) and in large stores compared to small and medium stores (P < 0·001 and P < 0·01, respectively).

Conclusions:
The availability of and accessibility to less healthy foods in Nova Scotia food environment suggests that there is a need for government policy action to support a food environment that contributes to healthier diets.
Dual-band bandpass filter for software defined radio and 5G
Authors: Chang Wei-Chung , Tu Wen-Hua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the filter design in the student design competition of EuMW 2019. This contest motivates students for the design and implementation of a dual-band bandpass filter able to get outstanding performance, where different implementation technologies, such as microstrip, coplanar, multilayer microstrip, substrate integrated waveguide, and some others can be effectively employed. Filters are evaluated by considering a figure of merit (FoM) defined by the insertion loss level, selectivity, spurious-free response, and size. To this end, three viable dual-band bandpass filters with different feeding technologies, resonators, and design topologies are investigated for the optimal FoM.
Origins of Turbulent Transport Dissimilarity Between Dust and Momentum in Semiarid Regions
Authors: Fernandes R. , Dupont S. , Lamaud E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTurbulent transport of mineral dust away from erodible plots is usually assumed similar to the momentum transport. However, observations from the WIND‐O‐V (WIND erOsion in presence of sparse Vegetation's) 2017 field experiment over an isolated flat surface in Tunisia showed a dissimilar turbulent transport between dust and momentum. Here, the origin of this dissimilarity is explored from a numerical experiment using a detailed physically based erosion model based on a large‐eddy simulation airflow model. Simulations support the findings of the WIND‐O‐V campaign, confirming the key role played by the dust emission intermittency to the transport dissimilarity with the momentum, this later one being more continuously absorbed at the surface. Simulations reveal that this dissimilarity diminishes with height as the intermittency of dust emission is progressively lost during the turbulent transport‐mixing process. With wind intensity, the dissimilarity diminishes as well, with dust emissions becoming more spatially homogeneous, and thus less intermittent. Our simulations further highlight the additional role played by the fetch length limitation of the erodible plot to the turbulent transport dissimilarity. In presence of a short fetch, the dissimilarity between dust and momentum turbulent transports increases with height as the dust flux footprint integrates dust emission conditions from different surrounding surfaces. This latter process depends on the characteristics of the surrounded surfaces and is expected to be significant in semiarid regions.
Impacts of Subgrid Orographic Drag on the Summer Monsoon Circulation and Precipitation in East Asia
Authors: Zhang Rongrong , Xu Xin , Wang Yuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis work is an investigation of the impacts of three different components of parameterized subgrid orographic drag (SOD) on the summer monsoon circulation and precipitation in East Asia, that is, flow‐blocking drag (FBD), low‐level gravity wave drag (GWD), and upper‐level GWD. Using the global Weather Research and Forecasting model, a series of numerical experiments are conducted with different configurations of SOD parameterization. In the case of no SOD, the simulated lower tropospheric winds are too strong in an elongated region extending from East China to the east of Japan, accompanied with excessive rainfall. The intensity of the western Pacific subtropical high is overestimated, thus suppressing the precipitation over the subtropical ocean. With the parameterization of SOD, the circulation and precipitation biases are alleviated, depending on the geographical and vertical distribution of SOD. The FBD is very weak and only contributes to the circulation in eastern East Asia. Contrastingly, there is remarkable low‐level GWD in the lower latitudes which helps reduce the low‐level wind biases in South China. The upper‐level GWD only occurs in the midlatitudes, preferentially above the subtropical jet. It can not only decelerate the winds in the midlatitudes but also reduce the southwesterlies in East China through the interaction with the upper‐level jet. Alleviation of precipitation bias over the land of East Asia is primarily due to the low‐level GWD which weakens the water vapor flux. In contrast, the upper‐level GWD has the greatest contribution to the enhancement of precipitation over the subtropical ocean by increasing the low‐level lifting.
Structural Evolution at the Northeast North German Basin Margin: From Initial Triassic Salt Movement to Late Cretaceous‐Cenozoic Remobilization
Authors: Ahlrichs Niklas , Hübscher Christian , Noack Vera , Schnabel Michael , Damm Volkmar , Krawczyk Charlotte M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the regional tectonic impact on salt movement at the northeastern margin of the intracontinental North German Basin. We discuss the evolution of salt pillows in the Bay of Mecklenburg in the light of thick‐ and thin‐skinned tectonics, including gravity gliding, and differential loading using seismic imaging. Stratigraphic and structural interpretation of a 170 km long, multichannel seismic line, extending from the Bay of Mecklenburg to northeast of Rügen Island, incorporates well information of nearby onshore wells. This new high‐resolution seismic line completely images the stratigraphic and tectonic pattern of the subsurface, from the base of the Zechstein to the seafloor. Our analysis reveals that subsidence during Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous at the northeastern basin margin was associated with transtensional dextral strike slip movement within the Trans‐European Suture Zone. We reinterpret the Werre and Prerow Fault Zones west of Rügen Island as an inverted, thin‐skinned normal fault system associated with the formation of the Western Pomeranian Fault System. Salt movement in the Bay of Mecklenburg was initiated in the Late Triassic and lasted until the Early Jurassic. A second phase of salt pillow growth occurred during the Coniacian until Cenozoic and correlates with compression‐related regional basin inversion due to the onset of the Africa‐Iberia‐Europe convergence. Thin‐skinned extensional initialization of salt pillow growth and compressional salt remobilization explains salt pillow evolution in the Bay of Mecklenburg. Additionally, we discuss an impact of gravity gliding on salt pillow evolution induced by basin margin tilt.