bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T187. ATHENS MULTIFAMILY THERAPY PROJECT THE ATHENS MULTIFAMILY THERAPY PROJECT (A- MFTP) PROVIDES SYSTEMIC MULTIFAMILY GROUP THERAPY TO YOUTHS WHO EXPERIENCED A FIRST PSYCHOTIC EPISODE (FEP) AND THEIR FAMILIES
Authors: Selakovic Mirjana , Galanis Dimitris , Frankiadaki Eva , Theodoropoulou Pica , Pomini Valeria 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The Athens multifamily therapy project (A- MFTP) provides systemic multifamily group therapy to youths who experienced a first psychotic episode (FEP) and their families. The participants were partly recruited from the ongoing longitudinal Early and Long-term Psychosis Intervention Study –ELPIS, Athens FEP Project, which aims to investigate the involvement of genetic and environmental determinants on psychosis risk.

Methods
A group of five families with a child who had experience FEP, attended two multifamily group sessions per month, in the time period from September 2017 to Jun 2018. Parents and offspring participated to the sessions, which were conducted by two co-therapists. Monthly supervision was provided. Assessment of patients’ psychopathology was based on PANSS at baseline, end of therapy and 6-month follow-up. All participants fulfilled an instrument assessing family factors (SCORE-15) and the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ) at the same three time points. Furthermore, participants were asked to give written opinions regarding the therapeutic process at the middle phase, the end of therapy and six months follow - up. Written feedback and reflections on the group therapy sessions were periodically filled by the therapists.

Results
A qualitative analysis identified the emerging themes and patterns, focusing on the language and the meaning constitutes. Communication techniques, emotional processing and problem solving were the main learnings for the members of the group. They highlighted the impact of the group processes on family communication and individual understanding, while the development of a “new family” emerged from the group relationships

Discussion
A- MFTP seems to be a promising service aiming to improve mental health and wellbeing of participants, to contrast chronicity and to contribute to early intervention services for psychoses in Greece.
T188. THE CLINICAL SCIENCE OF TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION STUDIES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Mervis Joshua , MacDonald Angus 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Transcranial direct current stimulation interventions have produced findings that inform clinical neuroscience, and may have potential as a treatment for the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia-spectrum illnesses. The first recorded study of tDCS in this population was in 1994 and every year since then has seen growth in the number of studies conducted, with 15+ studies each year since 2013. This project is a meta-analysis of studies using transcranial direct current stimulation in people with schizophrenia-spectrum illnesses and any domain of cognition.

Methods
Search terms sought out articles in populations with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, schizotypal, schizoid, unspecified psychosis, and thought disorder illnesses. Within these populations, non-invasive electrical stimulation terms included transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS, and transcranial electrical stimulation. Within those studies, cognitive terms included working memory, memory, cognitive control, executive function, attention, recall, recognition, perception, learning, cognition, inhibition, and executive control. PRISMA guidelines were followed.

Results
177 Articles were located through a literature search using the PubMed database. 39 studies were screened out by title, 102 studies were screened out by abstract, 7 studies were screened out by text. Finally, 29 studies were subjected to meta-analysis.

Discussion
While the research on transcranial direct current stimulation continues to develop, the current study highlights methodological trends like studies with stimulation concurrent to task and those using training approaches. Overall effects are summarized by defining study characteristics and cognitive domains, where appropriate.
T191. FRONTO-CORTICAL ROLES OF NIGELLA SATIVA IN SOCIALLY ISOLATED MICE
Authors: Folarin Royhaan , Otenaike Bolaji , Samuel Goodness , Bakare Falilat , Onamusi Barnabas , Abdurasheed Usman 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Schizophrenia is a chronic debilitating mental disorder, modelled developmentally in animals by social isolation rearing (SIR). This study investigated the roles of Nigella sativa, a multi-therapeutic plant oil, on the fronto-cortical functions and alterations in socially isolated BALB/c mice.

Methods
Body weights, relative brain weights, dopamine, glutamate and GPX levels, as well as recognition memory were measured in 75 albino pups of 10 weeks age. These pups were divided into CTRL,NS,SIR, SIR NS and NS SIR. CTRL (socialised) and SIR (isolated) received 10ml/kg normal saline orally for 10 days, while the NS-SIR, NS and SIR-NS received 1ml/kg Nigella sativa oil orally for 10 days either prophylactically (prenatal exposure), alone without isolation, or interventionally respectively. Recognition memory was assayed through novel object recognition test and the animals were euthanized. Brains were excised for histological examination of the frontal Cortex using the H&E stain.

Results
Significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in fronto-cortical glutamate, dopamine, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), as well as recognition memory index, relative brain weight and total body weights were recorded in the isolated mice that were pre-treated and post-treated with Nigella sativa, compared with the untreated ones. However, no significant neuroarchitectural difference was observed histologically across the frontal cortices of the mice.

Discussion
Nigella sativa was significantly prophylactic and ameliorative of the neurochemical and neurobehavioural schizotypic deficits induced in socially isolated BALB/c mice. This was revealed by glutamate, dopamine, GPX, recognition index and relative brain weight values of the pretreated and post-treated mice. Use of dendritic and Nissl markers are recommended for better histological appreciation
M118. FACTOR STRUCTURE OF THE CLINICIAN-RATED DIMENSION OF PSYCHOSIS SYMPTOM SEVERITY IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY PSYCHOSIS
Authors: Lee Kyuyoung , Sik Kim Yong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The early psychosis is classically viewed as a critical period. Schizophrenia subtypes which had been used to describe heterogeneity of the disease were discarded with the release of DSM-5 because of the lack of their clinical significance. DSM-5 has proposed the use of the Clinician-Rated Dimension of Psychosis Symptom Severity (CRDPSS) for evaluating the various symptoms of schizophrenia. The 8-domain CRDPSS was developed from the perspective of deconstructing the psychopathology of schizophrenia and would be expected to provide baseline data for further advances in psychiatric nosology. To our knowledge, despite these discussions, the dimensional structure of the CRDPSS has hardly been studied in the patients with early psychosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structure categorizing the items of dimensional assessment through factor analysis in patients with early psychosis.

Methods
The subjects were 497 patients with early psychosis who were enrolled in the Korean Early Psychosis Cohort Study. They were between ≥18 years and ≤45 years of age who fulfill the criteria of DSM-5 for schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. In KEPS, early psychosis was defined the patients whose duration of treatment were within 2 years. The proportion of males was 41.9% and their mean age and age at onset were 28.7(SD=8.9) and 26.8(SD=9.1) years, respectively. An exploratory factor analysis(EFA) was conducted on the 8 items of dimensional assessment of psychosis in DSM-5 with principle components extracted by the varimax method.

Results
An exploratory factor analysis(EFA) was conducted on the items of dimensional assessment of psychosis in DSM-5 with principle components extracted by the varimax method. Two factors were identified which were labeled as ‘psychotic’ and ‘deficit’ domain. The first factor included delusions (loading=0.834, communality=0.697), hallucinations(loading=0.800, communality=0.640), disorganization(loading=0.654, communality=0.642), and abnormal psychomotor behavior(loading=0.677, communality=0.549). The second factor included negative symptoms(loading=0.833, communality=0.703) and impaired cognition(loading=0.827, communality=0.697). Depression and mania were excluded in factor analysis due to statistical incompatibility such as lack of communality less than 0.4. Bartlett’s test for sphericity was significant (χ2 =817.996, p&lt;0.001), and the total variance of the factor solution was 65.452%.

Discussion
Two factors were identified which were labeled as ‘psychotic’ and ‘deficit’ domain. The first factor included delusions, hallucinations, disorganization and abnormal psychomotor behavior. The second factor included negative symptoms and impaired cognition. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to analyze the early psychosis patients using the dimensional assessment of psychosis in DSM-5, and it would be meaningful to follow up the course with the cohort.
M123. EPISODIC VERBAL MEMORY DEFICIT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: A MARKER OF PROGRESSION OF DISEASE OR DIFFERENT NEURODEVELOPMENTAL PATHWAYS FROM THE ONSET?
Authors: Reckziegel Ramiro , dos Santos Martins Dayane , Correa de Sales Sarah , Stephane de Jesus Letícia , Philippsen Marieli , Massuda Raffael , Amoretti Silvia , Garcia Clemente , Sanguinetti Czepielewski Letícia , Severino Gama Clarissa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Episodic verbal memory primarily indicates acquisition or registration of memory for verbally presented information, being one of the main neuropsychological impaired functions in individuals with schizophrenia. Furthermore, it appears to be more susceptible than other memory systems to early neuronal dysfunction, supporting hypotheses about a neuroprogressive course of schizophrenia (SZ). On the other hand, it is unclear if such memory dysfunction in schizophrenia could not only be associated with illness progression, but also with neurodevelopment markers such as premorbid crystallized intellectual functioning (IQ). Therefore, we aimed to better understand the relationship between years of illness (YOI), IQ and episodic verbal memory in individuals with SZ.

Methods
We included 218 individuals with confirmed diagnosis of SZ from 3 separate centers (Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, and Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain). All participants were informed about study procedures and signed consent before assessment. Participants underwent cognitive assessment with Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) for episodic memory and Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence for estimated crystallized premorbid IQ. We conducted a mediational analysis to estimate the effect sizes of years of illness in predicting memory deficits considering the indirect effect of IQ as a mediator, as well as age and sex as covariates.

Results
There was a significant indirect effect of years of illness on HVLT immediate recall through IQ, ab=-.119 CI 95% [-.248, -.013]. The mediator could account for more than a third of the total effect, PM=.39. The direct effect of years of illness on immediate recall was only a trend (c: -.09, p= .068), while the total effect counting IQ was significant (c’=-.15, p=.007).

Discussion
The effect sizes of IQ were greater than the direct effect of years of illness on memory deficits in our sample. This finding implicates that neurodevelopment markers such as IQ may be as important as disease progression itself in predicting cognitive outcomes in SZ. While patients with lower premorbid IQ appears to be more prone to memory deficits, those with better early intellectual development appears to count on a protective effect. Neuroprogression in schizophrenia would be an addition of neurodevelopment and disease progression. These results help to give new lights on the heterogeneity in the course of schizophrenia, different trajectories and the need of more personalized approach. Further prospective studies are mandatory.
M127. BODY MASS INDEX IN THE MIDDLE-AGED OFFSPRING OF PARENTS WITH SEVERE MENTAL ILLNESS
Authors: Protsenko Maria , Kerkelä Martta , Miettunen Jouko , Auvinen Juha , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Jones Peter , Gissler Mika , Veijola Juha 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of obesity is increasing public health problem with significant costs. Elevated risk for obesity is reported in patients with severe mental illness. People with obesity have an increased risk for a number of common medical conditions, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The increased physical illness may be associated with unhealthy lifestyles such as smoking, substance use, often with inadequate access to health services. Still, very is known about the comorbidity of SMI and obesity in families. We explored the association between parental severe mental illness and BMI in middle-aged offspring. Our hypothesis was that offspring of people with severe mental illness have increased risk for obesity.

Methods
The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 is cohort study of offspring with expected date of birth in 1966. The final study sample included 5,467 middle-aged offspring. We used parental severe mental illness as exposure in the study. BMI measured.at the age of 46 years was classified in for categories: underweight (BMI below 18.5), normal range (BMI 18.5–24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9), obese class I (BMI 30.0–34.9) and obese class II-III (BMI 35 or more). We used mothers’ marital status, smoking, educational level and offspring’ place of birth as confounders.

Results
Risk for obesity was elevated in offspring of mothers with SMI (overweight: adjusted OR 1.81 (1.25–2.63), obese class I: 1.71 (1.08–2.73), obese class II-III: 2.36 (1.35–4.13)). For offspring of fathers with SMI the results were not statistically significant (overweight: adjusted OR 0.94 (0.70–1.26), obese class I: 1.42 (1.00–2.00), obese class II-III: 0.89 (0.51–1.56)).

Discussion
According to our knowledge, this is the first study of BMI in adult offspring of parents with severe mental illness. We found an elevated risk of obesity in the middle-aged offspring of mothers with SMI. The findings support our hypothesis of higher morbidity from obesity in offspring of parents with SMI. We found an elevated risk of substantially increased BMI in the middle-aged offspring of mothers with SMI. However, we did not find elevated risk of increased BMI in the middle-aged offspring of fathers with SMI and when examining the offspring of either parent with SMI. This means that there might be a common familial pathway leading to co-occurrence of obesity and SMI.
M134. MISMATCH NEGATIVITY IS REFLECTIVE OF DISEASE PROGRESSION RATHER THAN SYMPTOMATIC RECOVERY IN FIRST-EPISODE PSYCHOSIS
Authors: Lho Silvia , Kim Minah , Jeong Hwang Wu , Soo Kwon Jun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Whether mismatch negativity (MMN) is associated with clinical status or reflects the disease progression in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients has not been established. We aimed to investigate whether the change in MMN impairment fluctuates with the change in clinical status during 1-year.

Methods
MMN and the clinical status of 25 patients with FEP were measured at baseline and reassessed after 1 year. MMN of 25 matched healthy controls (HCs) were measured at baseline. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare MMN at baseline among the groups, and paired t-tests were utilized to compare baseline and 1-year MMN amplitude of FEP. To identify the association between MMN impairment change and symptomatic, cognitive or functional change during 1-year, this study used multiple regression analysis controlling possible confounders.

Results
MMN amplitudes at baseline were significantly attenuated in FEP patients compared to HC. One-year follow-up MMN amplitude decreased significantly at Fz electrode site in FEP group. Also, the change in MMN amplitudes significantly correlated with the worsened TMT-B but did not with the symptomatic or functional recovery.

Discussion
These results suggest that MMN impairment may be more closely related to cognitive deficits reflecting disease progression than the currently apparent symptoms and functional status during the beginning of a psychotic episode. Future studies are needed to elucidate the relationship with the disease pathophysiology of psychosis and MMN.
M135. DEVELOPMENT OF VISUAL SCANPATH PATTERN ANALYSIS BASED ON FACIAL EMOTION PERCEPTION ENHANCEMENT TRAINING PROGRAM IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS
Authors: Nam Beomwoo , Kim Yeseul , Rim Noh Soo , Kim Taehyun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Facial expression is an important non-verbal way of expressing the person’s emotional state. If the process of perceiving facial features is impaired, the ability to recognize the emotional state of others is degraded, which may make it difficult to maintain interpersonal and social communications. Many studies have reported on the association between deficit of facial emotion perception (FEP) and the social functioning in schizophrenia. Therefore, we developed visual scanpath pattern analysis based FEP enhancement training program in schizophrenia.

Methods
We enrolled patients visited and admitted Gongju National Hospital and those lived in shared housing facilities for rehabilitation from Sep 2018 to May 2019. 128 patients attended to FEP training program as open, blind and randomized-controlled cross-over design. Both FEP training and mock programs were provided twice a week for a month treatment period with a 4-week washout period between treatment periods. Primary outcome was results of heatmaps based on visual scanpath patterns.

Results
Among 128 patients, 121 completed the study and 7 was dropped out. In FEP training group, their visual scanpath pattern somewhat closer to normal than mock group. When they had an efforts to perceive the emotion of face pictures, FEP training group tended to scan the face pictures more broadly including eye rims, middle of forehead and sided of the mouth in addition to eyes, nose and mouth whereas mock group tended to gaze eyes, nose and mouth intensively.

Discussion
This FEP training program may improve the ability to integrate facial expression cues through visual scanpath pattern changes in schizophrenia patients.
Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (Grant number NRF-2016R1E1A2A01953732 & 2018R1E1A2A02059043).
M137. HIGH CONFIDENCE FOR VISUOMOTOR ACTION RECRUITS THE VENTRAL STRIATUM – A METACOGNITIVE APPROACH FOR UNDERSTANDING NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS?
Authors: Bègue Indrit , Pereira Michael , Cojan Yann , Kaiser Stefan , Vuilleumier Patrik 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Metacognition refers to the ability to discriminate between one’s own correct and incorrect decisions, thus representing a key function for goal-oriented behavior. The neurobiological underpinnings of metacognition have mainly been studied in perceptual decision-making and memory-related processes; therefore, mechanisms and neural correlates underlying metacognitive processes during visuomotor actions are still poorly characterized and the specific role of confidence remains to be elucidated. This is of particular interest as deficits in goal-directed behavior and insight both are a hallmark of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Methods
We examined 31 healthy controls who were asked to draw straight reaching trajectories towards a visual target, while measuring their brain activity with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Deviations were introduced in 70% of the trajectories seen on the screen. Participants then reported awareness of deviations (first-order), followed by (second-order) confidence in their response. The amount of deviation was titrated to reach a 71% average detection rate using an adaptive staircase procedure. Metacognition was measured using the M-Ratio, which estimates the ratio of first-order information available for confidence computation (Maniscalco & Lau, 2012). Whole brain activity was analyzed via a parametric general linear model (GLM).

Results
Participants showed good metacognitive abilities at evaluating the correctness of their first-order responses (M-Ratio: 0.98±0.25). Movements were decomposed into two phases based on peaks in the variance of the trajectory deviation and actual joystick position. We found that confidence ratings after deviated trials were explained by a combination of the trajectory deviation in the initial phase (p=0.006; linear mixed model) and the amount of motor correction in the final phase of the movement (p&lt;0.001). At the neural level, as expected, conscious detection of deviation engages strongly the visual cortex, whereas higher visuomotor corrections engage primarily the primary motor cortex. Importantly, we show that high confidence specifically recruits the ventral striatum bilaterally (p&lt;0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons), suggesting a role for confidence in motivating action.

Discussion
Taken together, these results show for the first time in healthy controls that confidence for visuomotor action strongly engages motivational regions in line with a key role of metacognition in goal directed behavior and accurate insight into self-performed actions. These results in healthy controls are currently being tested in a cohort of schizophrenia patients and our hypothesis is that patients with higher level of apathy will display lower metacognitive confidence and lower ventral striatum activity