bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of fecal metabolic profiles in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea investigated using 1H‐NMR coupled with multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Lee Jae Soung , Kim Seok‐Young , Chun Yoon Shik , Chun Young‐Jin , Shin Seung Yong , Choi Chang Hwan , Choi Hyung‐Kyoon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundGut microbiota are known to be closely related to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, not much is known about characteristic fecal metabolic profiles of IBS. We aimed to characterize fecal metabolites in patients with IBS with predominant diarrhea (IBS‐D) using 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectroscopy.MethodsIn this study, we enrolled 29 patients diagnosed with IBS‐D according to the Rome IV criteria, 22 healthy controls (HC) and 11 HC administered laxatives (HC‐L) in the age group of 20‐69 year. The usual diet of the patients and HC was maintained, their fecal samples were collected and investigated by NMR‐based global metabolic profiling coupled with multivariate statistical analysis.ResultsWe detected 55 metabolites in 1H‐NMR spectra of fecal samples: four amines, 16 amino acids, six fatty acids, eight organic acids, three sugars, and 18 other compounds. Orthogonal partial least square‐discriminant analysis derived score plots showed clear separation between the IBS‐D group and the HC and HC‐L groups. Among the 55 metabolites identified, we found five disease‐relevant potential biomarkers distinguishing the IBS‐D from the HC, namely, cadaverine, putrescine, threonine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine.ConclusionsThe patients with IBS‐D were clearly differentiated from the HC and HC‐L by fecal metabolite analysis using 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, and five fecal metabolites characteristic of IBS‐D were found. The findings of this study could be used to develop alternative and complementary diagnostic methods and as a source of fundamental information for developing novel therapies for IBS‐D.
Predictive factors of allergy to pistachio in children allergic to cashew nut
Authors: Saba Lucile , Clerc‐Urmès Isabelle , Delahaye Clémence , Chevillot Emilie , Jarlot‐Chevaux Sophie , Dumond Pascale , Schweitzer Cyril , Divaret‐Chauveau Amandine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundCashew nut (CN) allergy prevalence has increased over the last few years. In children allergic to CN, complete avoidance of pistachio is usually recommended, but recent study showed that only one third of children allergic to CN were also allergic to pistachio. The aim of our study was to identify predictive factors of allergy to pistachio in children allergic to CN.MethodsAll children who had a positive oral food challenge (OFC) to CN between November 2013 and October 2017 in the Paediatric Allergy Department of the University Hospital of Nancy were included. Logistic regression models were used to predict the probability of allergy to pistachio.ResultsAmong the 147 children included, tolerance or allergy to pistachio was known for 51. Out of these, 40 were allergic to pistachio (78.4%). Children allergic to pistachio had a larger weal size of skin prick test to CN (P = .01) and pistachio (P = .0007) and a lower reaction dose to CN (P < .0001). In multivariate analysis, only the reaction dose to CN was significantly associated with allergy to pistachio. Children with a low reaction dose to CN were significantly more at risk to have an allergy to pistachio (P = .01).ConclusionA low reaction dose to CN seems to be a predictive factor of allergy to pistachio in children allergic to CN. In order to limit unnecessary food eviction, a pistachio OFC should be performed in children having high reaction dose whatever the importance of the skin or the specific IgE sensitization to pistachio.
Relationship science and the credibility revolution: An introduction to the first part of the special issue
Authors: Chopik William J. , Chartier Christopher R. , Campbell Lorne , Brent Donnellan M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the past 10 years, the field of relationship science—like many other fields—has been exposed to dramatic changes in how scientists approach the research process. Relationship science has been at the forefront of many recent changes in the field, whether it be high profile replication attempts or broader discussions about how to increase rigor and reproducibility. A major goal of this special issue was to provide an opportunity for relationship scientists to engage with these issues and reforms. The first four articles in this special issue represent a sampling of different approaches relationship researchers have used to enhance the credibility of their work.
Longevity Forecasting by Socio-Economic Groups Using Compositional Data Analysis
Authors: Kjærgaard S⊘ren , Ergemen Yunus Emre , Bergeron-Boucher Marie-Pier , Oeppen Jim , Kallestrup-Lamb Malene 
Published: March 2020

SummarySeveral Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries have recently implemented an automatic link between the statutory retirement age and life expectancy for the total population to ensure sustainability in their pension systems due to increasing life expectancy. As significant mortality differentials are observed across socio-economic groups, future changes in these differentials will determine whether some socio-economic groups drive increases in the retirement age, leaving other groups with fewer pensionable years. We forecast life expectancy by socio-economic groups and compare the forecast performance of competing models by using Danish mortality data and find that the most accurate model assumes a common mortality trend. Life expectancy forecasts are used to analyse the consequences of a pension system where the statutory retirement age is increased when total life expectancy is increasing.
The combination of two microextraction methods coupled with gas chromatography for the determination of pyrethroid insecticides in multimedia environmental samples: air, water, soil, urine and blood
Authors: Zhu Muhui , Niu Zongliang , Zhang Weiwei , Zhang Jun , Wen Yingying 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe salting‐out assisted liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE) combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplet (DLLME‐SFO) has been first developed as a high preconcentration technique for the extraction of pyrethroid insecticides (PYRs) in multimedia environmental samples, including air, soil, water, human urine, hedgehog serum and plasma. GC‐MS was the separation and determination technique. Under the optimum extraction conditions (sample pH 2; salting‐out solution volume and pH, 2 mL and 3; extraction solution, 300 µL of 1‐undecanol; centrifugation speed and time, 2000 rpm and 15 min) and determination conditions, a linearity range (R2 = 0.9993–0.9999) was obtained in a range of 5–5000 ng/mL. The limits of detection based on a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3 were between 1.5 and 6.1 ng/mL. The recoveries of the four PYRs ranged from 66 to 122%. The results demonstrated that this SALLE–DLLME‐SFO–GC‐MS method allowed the satisfactory enrichment, purification and determination results of PYRs in multimedia environmental samples.
Scaling Flat-Plate, Low-Temperature Adiabatic Effectiveness Results Using the Advective Capacity Ratio
Authors: Fischer Jacob P. , McNamara Luke J. , Rutledge James L. , Polanka Marc D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Design of film-cooled engine components requires the ability to predict behavior at engine conditions through low-temperature testing. The adiabatic effectiveness, η, is one indicator film cooling performance. An experiment to measure η in a low-temperature experiment requires appropriate selection of the coolant flowrate. The mass flux ratio, M, is usually used in lieu of the velocity ratio to account for the fact that the coolant density is larger than that of the hot freestream at engine conditions. Numerous studies have evaluated the ability of M to scale η with mixed results. The momentum flux ratio, I, is an alternative also found to have mixed success, leading some to recommend matching the density ratio to allow simultaneous matching of M and I. Nevertheless, inconsistent results in the literature regarding the efficacy of these coolant flowrate parameters to scale the density ratio suggest other properties also play a role. Experiments were performed to measure η on a flat plate with a 7-7-7-shaped hole. Various coolant gases were used to give a large range of property variations. We show that a relatively new coolant flowrate parameter that accounts for density and specific heat, the advective capacity ratio, far exceeds the ability of either M or I to provide matched η between the various coolant gases that exhibit extreme property differences. With the specific heat of coolant in an engine significantly lower than that of the freestream, advective capacity ratio (ACR) is appropriate for scaling η with non-separating coolant flow.
Nitrogen release from shoots and roots of crimson clover, hairy vetch, and red clover
Authors: Yang X.M. , Drury C.F. , Reynolds W.D. , Phillips L.A. 
Published: March 2020

Nitrogen (N) release from legume cover crops is a key N source for subsequent crops in rotation. In this study, chopped fresh shoots or roots (<5 mm) of crimson clover (CC), hairy vetch (HV), and red clover (RC) were incorporated into a 50:50 mixture of air-dried sandy loam soil (<2 mm) and washed builders sand at a rate of 300 mg N kg−1. The mixtures were packed in leaching tubes (four replicates), leached with 100 mL of 5 mmol L−1 CaCl2, and then incubated for 10 wk (22 °C, 0.33 bar matric potential) with weekly leaching. Total N and inorganic N (NH4+ plus NO3−) in leachate were quantified and organic N was determined as the difference between total N and inorganic N. More N was released from shoots (63.4%–70.0% of initial N) than from roots (27.3%–50.7% of initial N). Mineralized organic N and inorganic N followed the first order, single N-pool mineralization model [Nt = N0(1 – e−kt); R2 = 0.94−0.99]. Potentially mineralizable N (N0, as % of initial N) was similar for shoots (CC = 75.1%, HV = 74.2%, and RC = 71.3%), but varied for roots (CC = 36.2%, HV = 52.6%, and RC = 53.0%). The N0 pool in shoots had a half-life (t1/2 = ln 2/k) of 11.0, 9.8, and 15.1 d for CC, HV, and RC, respectively; and a half-life in roots of 23.9, 8.5, and 25.7 d, respectively. Hence, HV released its stored N in both roots and shoots faster than CC and RC. The results in this study would help farmers optimize their choice in legume cover crops and termination times to better synchronize N release with crop uptake.
Targeting the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase PJA1 Enhances Tumor-Suppressing TGFβ Signaling
Authors: Chen Jian , Mitra Abhisek , Li Shulin , Song Shumei , Nguyen Bao-Ngoc , Chen Jiun-Sheng , Shin Ji-Hyun , Gough Nancy R. , Lin Paul , Obias Vincent , He Aiwu Ruth , Yao Zhixing , Malta Tathiane M. , Noushmehr Houtan , Latham Patricia S. , Su Xiaoping , Rashid Asif , Mishra Bibhuti , Wu Ray-Chang , Mishra Lopa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

RING-finger E3 ligases are instrumental in the regulation of inflammatory cascades, apoptosis, and cancer. However, their roles are relatively unknown in TGFβ/SMAD signaling. SMAD3 and its adaptors, such as β2SP, are important mediators of TGFβ signaling and regulate gene expression to suppress stem cell–like phenotypes in diverse cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, PJA1, an E3 ligase, promoted ubiquitination and degradation of phosphorylated SMAD3 and impaired a SMAD3/β2SP-dependent tumor-suppressing pathway in multiple HCC cell lines. In mice deficient for SMAD3 (Smad3+/−), PJA1 overexpression promoted the transformation of liver stem cells. Analysis of genes regulated by PJA1 knockdown and TGFβ1 signaling revealed 1,584 co-upregulated genes and 1,280 co-downregulated genes, including many implicated in cancer. The E3 ligase inhibitor RTA405 enhanced SMAD3-regulated gene expression and reduced growth of HCC cells in culture and xenografts of HCC tumors, suggesting that inhibition of PJA1 may be beneficial in treating HCC or preventing HCC development in at-risk patients.
Significance: These findings provide a novel mechanism regulating the tumor suppressor function of TGFβ in liver carcinogenesis.
Identification of ALDH1A3 as a Viable Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer Metastasis–Initiating Cells
Authors: Yamashita Daisuke , Minata Mutsuko , Ibrahim Ahmed N. , Yamaguchi Shinobu , Coviello Vito , Bernstock Joshua D. , Harada Shuko , Cerione Richard A. , Tannous Bakhos A. , La Motta Concettina , Nakano Ichiro 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The development of efficacious therapies targeting metastatic spread of breast cancer to the brain represents an unmet clinical need. Accordingly, an improved understanding of the molecular underpinnings of central nervous system spread and progression of breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) is required. In this study, the clinical burden of disease in BCBM was investigated, as well as the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) in the metastatic cascade leading to BCBM development. Initial analysis of clinical survival trends for breast cancer and BCBM determined improvement of breast cancer survival rates; however, this has failed to positively affect the prognostic milestones of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) brain metastases (BM). ALDH1A3 and a representative epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene signature (mesenchymal markers, CD44 or Vimentin) were compared in tumors derived from BM, lung metastases (LM), or bone metastases (BoM) of patients as well as mice after injection of TNBC cells. Selective elevation of the EMT signature and ALDH1A3 were observed in BM, unlike LM and BoM, especially in the tumor edge. Furthermore, ALDH1A3 was determined to play a role in BCBM establishment via regulation of circulating tumor cell adhesion and migration phases in the BCBM cascade. Validation through genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of ALDH1A3 via lentiviral shRNA knockdown and a novel small-molecule inhibitor demonstrated selective inhibition of BCBM formation with prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice. Given the survival benefits via targeting ALDH1A3, it may prove an effective therapeutic strategy for BCBM prevention and/or treatment.
SLFN11 Expression in Advanced Prostate Cancer and Response to Platinum-based Chemotherapy
Authors: Conteduca Vincenza , Ku Sheng-Yu , Puca Loredana , Slade Megan , Fernandez Luisa , Hess Judy , Bareja Rohan , Vlachostergios Panagiotis J. , Sigouros Michael , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Sboner Andrea , Nanus David M. , Elemento Olivier , Dittamore Ryan , Tagawa Scott T. , Beltran Himisha 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Expression of the DNA/RNA helicase schlafen family member 11 (SLFN11) has been identified as a sensitizer of tumor cells to DNA-damaging agents including platinum chemotherapy. We assessed the impact of SLFN11 expression on response to platinum chemotherapy and outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Tumor expression of SLFN11 was assessed in 41 patients with CRPC treated with platinum chemotherapy by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of metastatic biopsy tissue (n = 27) and/or immunofluorescence in circulating tumor cells (CTC; n = 20). Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier methods were used to evaluate the association of SLFN11 expression with radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) and overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis included tumor histology (i.e., adenocarcinoma or neuroendocrine) and the presence or absence of DNA repair aberrations. Patient-derived organoids with SLFN11 expression and after knockout by CRISPR-Cas9 were treated with platinum and assessed for changes in dose response. Patients were treated with platinum combination (N = 38) or platinum monotherapy (N = 3). Median lines of prior therapy for CRPC was two. Median OS was 8.7 months. Overexpression of SLFN11 in metastatic tumors by RNA-seq was associated with longer rPFS compared with those without overexpression (6.9 vs. 2.8 months, HR = 3.72; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.56–8.87; P &lt; 0.001); similar results were observed for patients with SLFN11-positive versus SLFN11-negative CTCs (rPFS 6.0 vs. 2.2 months, HR = 4.02; 95% CI, 0.77–20.86; P = 0.002). A prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline of ≥50% was observed in all patients with SLFN11 overexpression. No association was observed between SLFN11 expression and OS. On multivariable analysis, SLFN11 was an independent factor associated with rPFS on platinum therapy. Platinum response of organoids expressing SLFN11 was reduced after SLFN11 knockout. Our data suggest that SLFN11 expression might identify patients with CRPC with a better response to platinum chemotherapy independent of histology or other genomic alterations. Additional studies, also in the context of PARP inhibitors, are warranted.
Understanding Atypical Midlevel Wind Speed Maxima in Hurricane Eyewalls
Authors: Stern Daniel P. , Kepert Jeffrey D. , Bryan George H. , Doyle James D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn tropical cyclones (TCs), the peak wind speed is typically found near the top of the boundary layer (approximately 0.5–1 km). Recently, it was shown that in a few observed TCs, the wind speed within the eyewall can increase with height within the midtroposphere, resulting in a secondary local maximum at 4–5 km. This study presents additional evidence of such an atypical structure, using dropsonde and Doppler radar observations from Hurricane Patricia (2015). Near peak intensity, Patricia exhibited an absolute wind speed maximum at 5–6-km height, along with a weaker boundary layer maximum. Idealized simulations and a diagnostic boundary layer model are used to investigate the dynamics that result in these atypical wind profiles, which only occur in TCs that are very intense (surface wind speed > 50 m s−1) and/or very small (radius of maximum winds < 20 km). The existence of multiple maxima in wind speed is a consequence of an inertial oscillation that is driven ultimately by surface friction. The vertical oscillation in the radial velocity results in a series of unbalanced tangential wind jets, whose magnitude and structure can manifest as a midlevel wind speed maximum. The wavelength of the inertial oscillation increases with vertical mixing length l∞ in a turbulence parameterization, and no midlevel wind speed maximum occurs when l∞ is large. Consistent with theory, the wavelength in the simulations scales with (2K/I)1/2, where K is the (vertical) turbulent diffusivity, and I2 is the inertial stability. This scaling is used to explain why only small and/or strong TCs exhibit midlevel wind speed maxima.
Situating Digital India Mission in Pursuit of Good Governance: A Study of Electronic Governance Initiatives in the Indian Province of Odisha
Authors: Dhal Sangita 
Published: March 2020

Contemporary states act as facilitators and this facilitation can be result oriented and successful only when effective governance is ensured. In the era of globalisation, greater emphasis is being laid today on good governance because of the critical link between the state and the global community. The nation states need to reinvent themselves and reframe their development strategy, which requires a thorough revision of their existing approach to international relations and internal governance. As a part of the ongoing administrative reform process, e-governance envisages a structural change in the bureaucracy and is perceived as a key to a more flexible and proactive governance in tune with the concerns of citizen-friendly administration. The present article explores the challenges and prospects of e-governance and tries to delve into the complex socio-cultural dynamics alongside political-bureaucratic initiatives that are crucial factors for the successful transition from traditional governance to the electronic governance. It attempts to situate the ongoing Digital India Mission in the larger context of good governance by examining the case study of the Indian Province of Odisha, where a silent but stunning revolution is taking shape.
Open Justice, Efficient Justice and the Rule of Law: The Increasing Invisibility of Special Leave to Appeal Applications in the High Court of Australia
Authors: Stewart Pamela , Stuhmcke Anita 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article examines the application of the rule of law to special leave to appeal applications (‘SLAs’) in the High Court of Australia. SLAs are a fusion of administrative and judicial power. As an administrative tool, determinations of SLAs are a workload filter, limiting the appeals heard by the Court. As an exercise of judicial power, SLA determinations have significant impact upon the parties to litigation and the development of substantive law. Presenting the findings of data analysis of the determination of SLAs in the High Court of Australia from 2013 to 2015, we identify the loss of publicly available information brought about by changes to the High Court Rules in 2016. Using this evidence, we argue that the current administration of SLAs preferences efficiency to the detriment of public confidence in the administration of justice. We suggest facilitating the rule of law through publication of the written submissions for SLAs.
The Road Back to Serfdom: Solidarity Economies on the Periphery of Fortaleza, Brazil, 1970–2016
Authors: Mandache Luminiţa-Anda 
Published: March 2020

A case study of the Palmas Bank project, on the periphery of Fortaleza, Brazil, explores the contradictions inherent in the country’s solidarity economy project. The solidarity economy, rooted in the local practices of the liberation theology movement, can hardly be seen as a human or alternative economy because its proximity to party politics through funding and the institutionalization of the movement has affected not only its long-term social sustainability but also its capacity for a political voice. The study sheds light on the challenges of grassroots organizing under progressive regimes at a moment when the end of the Pink Tide in Latin America has obliged activists seeking more sustainable forms of community organization to learn from the past. Un estudio de caso del proyecto del Banco Palmas, en la periferia de Fortaleza, Brasil, explora las contradicciones inherentes al proyecto de economía solidaria del país. La economía solidaria, arraigada en las prácticas locales del movimiento de la teología de la liberación, difícilmente puede verse como una economía humana o alternativa porque su proximidad a la política de partidos a través del financiamiento y la institucionalización del movimiento ha afectado no solo su sostenibilidad social a largo plazo sino también su capacidad para una voz política. El estudio arroja luz sobre los desafíos de la organización de base bajo regímenes progresistas en un momento en que el final de la Marea Rosa en América Latina ha obligado a los activistas que buscan formas más sostenibles de organización comunitaria a aprender del pasado.