bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prehabilitation in Frail Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Baimas‐George Maria , Watson Michael , Elhage Sharbel , Parala‐Metz Armida , Vrochides Dionisios , Davis Bradley R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundFrailty is a customized marker of biological age that helps to gauge an individual's functional physiologic reserve and ability to react to stress and is associated with increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. In order to mitigate frailty preoperatively, the concept of prehabilitation has entered the forefront which encompasses multidisciplinary interventions to improve health and lessen the incidence of postoperative decline. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of prehabilitation on postoperative outcomes in frail, surgical patients.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed by two independent researchers according to PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were (1) a randomized controlled trial, case–control or observational study; (2) prehabilitation intervention; (3) frailty assessment; and (4) surgical intervention.ResultsThere were five articles included in the review. Evaluation of these articles demonstrated prehabilitation may improve operative outcomes in frail surgical patients. There were no assessments as to whether prehabilitation was cost‐effective although it was feasible. Prehabilitation programs should include elements of exercise, nutrition, and psychosocial counseling. Frailty should be assessed with a validated index in surgical patients who may undergo prehabilitation.ConclusionPrehabilitation in frail surgical patients may be the appropriate process through which providers can lessen operative risk. Currently, however, there is little evidence supporting the use of prehabilitation in this population with only five studies identified in this systematic review. More randomized controlled trials are clearly needed.
A very rare case of an accessory subscapularis muscle and its potential clinical significance
Authors: Zielinska Nicol , Olewnik Łukasz , Karauda Piotr , Tubbs R. Shane , Polguj Michał 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe subscapularis muscle is the largest muscle of the rotator cuff and its main function is internal rotation. It is morphologically variable in both point of origin and insertion. The presence of an accessory subscapularis muscle can lead to brachial plexus neuropathy. This report presents a very rare accessory subscapularis muscle originating from two distinct bands on the subscapularis and teres major muscles. The insertion was divided among four tendons. The fourth tendon is bifurcated. One of these was connected to the tendon of the subscapularis muscle and the other three inserted into the base of the coracoid process of the scapula. This anomalous muscle has the potential to entrap the nerves of the posterior cord such as the axillary, lower subscapular, and thoracodorsal nerves.
Scanning PIV of turbulent flows over and through rough porous beds using refractive index matching
Authors: Rousseau Gauthier , Ancey Christophe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents image velocimetry measurements on turbulent flows adjacent to a permeable bed made of randomly packed glass particles. For measuring flow velocities inside the bed, the refractive index of the glass particles was matched with that of the fluid. By continuously scanning in the transverse direction, we measured the streamwise and vertical velocity components within a three-dimensional domain (3D2C-PIV), including first- and second-order turbulent statistics. We established how the scanning travel speed is associated with the laser sheet thickness and the space-time velocity fluctuations for collecting reliable measurements. The methodology was applied to free-surface flows over a sloping bed under low relative submergence and supercritical conditions. Space- and time-averaged profiles were obtained in a representative elementary volume as defined by thedouble-averagingprocedure (Nikora et al. in J Hydraulic Eng.127(2):123–133, 2001). A turbulent boundary layer over the rough bed was observed when experiments were run at intermediate Reynolds numbers Re =$$O(1000)$$O(1000). Apart from measuring subsurface velocities, this method shed light on the part played by the rough bed in the overall flow dynamics: the roughness layer was a buffer region within which porosity varied sharply and turbulent stress was rapidly dampened.Graphic abstract
Auditory DUM neurons in a bush-cricket: inhibited inhibitors
Authors: Stumpner Andreas , Gubert Silvia , Knorr Debbra Y. , Göpfert Martin C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThoracic ganglia of many hearing insects house the first level of auditory processing. In bush-crickets, the largest population of local auditory neurons in the prothoracic processing centre are dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons. It has been suggested that DUM neurons are inhibitory using γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as transmitter. Immunohistochemistry reveals a population of about 35–50 GABA-positive somata in the posterior medial cluster of the prothoracic ganglion. Only very few small somata in this cluster remain unstained. At least 10 neurites from 10 neurons can be identified. Intracellularly stained auditory DUM neurons have their soma in the cluster of median GABA positive cells and most of them exhibit GABA-immunoreactivity. Responses of certain DUM neurons show obvious signs of inhibition. Application of picrotoxin (PTX), a chloride-channel blocker in insects, changes the responses of many DUM neurons. They become broader in frequency tuning and broader or narrower in temporal pattern tuning. Furthermore, inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) may be replaced by excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Loss of an IPSP in the rising graded potential after PTX-application leads to a significant reduction of first-spike latency. Therefore, auditory DUM neurons receive effective inhibition and are the best candidates for inhibition in DUM neurons and other auditory interneurons.
Body surface rewarming in fully and partially hypothermic king penguins
Authors: Lewden Agnès , Nord Andreas , Bonnet Batshéva , Chauvet Florent , Ancel André , McCafferty Dominic J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPenguins face a major thermal transition when returning to land in a hypothermic state after a foraging trip. Uninsulated appendages (flippers and feet) could provide flexible heat exchange during subsequent rewarming. Here, we tested the hypothesis that peripheral vasodilation could be delayed during this recovery stage. To this end, we designed an experiment to examine patterns of surface rewarming in fully hypothermic (the cloaca and peripheral regions (here; flippers, feet and the breast) < 37 °C) and partially hypothermic (cloaca at normothermia ≥ 37 °C, but periphery at hypothermia) king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) when they rewarmed in the laboratory. Both groups rewarmed during the 21 min observation period, but the temperature changes were larger in fully than in partially hypothermic birds. Moreover, we observed a 5 min delay of peripheral temperature in fully compared to partially hypothermic birds, suggesting that this process was impacted by low internal temperature. To investigate whether our laboratory data were applicable to field conditions, we also recorded surface temperatures of free-ranging penguins after they came ashore to the colony. Initial surface temperatures were lower in these birds compared to in those that rewarmed in the laboratory, and changed less over a comparable period of time on land. This could be explained both by environmental conditions and possible handling-induced thermogenesis in the laboratory. Nevertheless, this study demonstrated that appendage vasodilation is flexibly used during rewarming and that recovery may be influenced by both internal temperature and environmental conditions when penguins transition from sea to land.
Intoxicated persons showing challenging behavior demand complexity interventions: a pilot study at the interface of the ER and the complexity intervention unit
Authors: Verheesen Stefan M. H. , ten Doesschate Freek , van Schijndel Maarten A. , van der Gaag Rutger Jan , Cahn Wiepke , van Waarde Jeroen A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntoxicated persons showing challenging behavior (IPCBs) under influence of alcohol and/or drugs frequently have trouble finding appropriate acute care. Often IPCBs are stigmatized being unwilling or unable to accept help. Separated physical and mental healthcare systems hamper integrated acute care for IPCBs. This pilot aimed to substantiate the physical, psychiatric, and social health needs of IPCBs visiting the emergency room (ER) during a 3-month period. All ER visits were screened. After triage by the ER physician, indicated IPCBs were additionally assessed by the consultation–liaison–psychiatry physician. If needed, IPCBs were admitted to a complexity intervention unit for further examinations to provide integrated treatments and appropriate follow-up care. The INTERMED and Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) questionnaires were used to substantiate the complexity and needs. Field-relevant stakeholders were interviewed about this approach for acute integrated care. Alongside substance abuse, almost half of identified IPCBs suffered from comorbid psychiatric disturbances and one third showed substantial physical conditions requiring immediate medical intervention. Almost all IPCBs (96%) accepted the acute medical care voluntarily. IPCBs showed high mean initial scores of INTERMED (27.8 ± 10.0) and HoNOS (20.8 ± 6.9). At discharge from the complexity intervention unit, the mean HoNOS score decreased significantly (13.4 ± 8.6; P < 0.001). Field-relevant stakeholders strongly supported the interdisciplinary approach and ER-facility for IPCBs and acknowledged their unmet health needs. A biopsychosocial assessment at the ER, followed by a short admission if necessary, is effective in IPCBs. This approach helps to merge separated healthcare systems and may reduce stigmatization of IPCBs needing help.
Behr syndrome and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a family with a novel UCHL1 deletion
Authors: McMacken Grace , Lochmüller Hanns , Bansagi Boglarka , Pyle Angela , Lochmüller Angela , Chinnery Patrick F. , Laurie Steve , Beltran Sergi , Matalonga Leslie , Horvath Rita 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Behr syndrome is a clinically distinct, but genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by optic atrophy, progressive spastic paraparesis, and motor neuropathy often associated with ataxia. The molecular diagnosis is based on gene panel testing or whole-exome/genome sequencing.

Methods
Here, we report the clinical presentation of two siblings with a novel genetic form of Behr syndrome. We performed whole-exome sequencing in the two patients and their mother.

Results
Both patients had a childhood-onset, slowly progressive disease resembling Behr syndrome, starting with visual impairment, followed by progressive spasticity, weakness, and atrophy of the lower legs and ataxia. They also developed scoliosis, leading to respiratory problems. In their late 30’s, both siblings developed a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and died of sudden cardiac death at age 43 and 40, respectively. Whole-exome sequencing identified the novel homozygous c.627_629del; p.(Gly210del) deletion in UCHL1.

Conclusions
The presentation of our patients raises the possibility that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be an additional feature of the clinical syndrome associated with UCHL1 mutations, and highlights the importance of cardiac follow-up and treatment in neurodegenerative disease associated with UCHL1 mutations.
Nonlinear multiscale simulation of instabilities due to growth of an elastic film on a microstructured substrate
Authors: Valizadeh Iman , Weeger Oliver 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe objective of this contribution is the numerical investigation of growth-induced instabilities of an elastic film on a microstructured soft substrate. A nonlinear multiscale simulation framework is developed based on the FE2 method, and numerical results are compared against simplified analytical approaches, which are also derived. Living tissues like brain, skin, and airways are often bilayered structures, consisting of a growing film on a substrate. Their modeling is of particular interest in understanding biological phenomena such as brain development and dysfunction. While in similar studies the substrate is assumed as a homogeneous material, this contribution considers the heterogeneity of the substrate and studies the effect of microstructure on the instabilities of a growing film. The computational approach is based on the mechanical modeling of finite deformation growth using a multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into elastic and growth parts. Within the nonlinear, concurrent multiscale finite element framework, on the macroscale a nonlinear eigenvalue analysis is utilized to capture the occurrence of instabilities and corresponding folding patterns. The microstructure of the substrate is considered within the large deformation regime, and various unit cell topologies and parameters are studied to investigate the influence of the microstructure of the substrate on the macroscopic instabilities. Furthermore, an analytical approach is developed based on Airy’s stress function and Hashin–Shtrikman bounds. The wavelengths and critical growth factors from the analytical solution are compared with numerical results. In addition, the folding patterns are examined for two-phase microstructures and the influence of the parameters of the unit cell on the folding pattern is studied.
Characterization of the dual problem of linear matrix inequality for H-infinity output feedback control problem via facial reduction
Authors: Waki Hayato , Sebe Noboru 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with the minimization of $$H_\infty $$

H
∞

output feedback control. This minimization can be formulated as a linear matrix inequality (LMI) problem via a result of Iwasaki and Skelton 1994. The strict feasibility of the dual problem of such an LMI problem is a valuable property to guarantee the existence of an optimal solution of the LMI problem. If this property fails, then the LMI problem may not have any optimal solutions. Even if one can compute parameters of controllers from a computed solution of the LMI problem, then the computed $$H_\infty $$

H
∞

norm may be very sensitive to a small change of parameters in the controller. In other words, the non-strict feasibility of the dual tells us that the considered design problem may be poorly formulated. We reveal that the strict feasibility of the dual is closely related to invariant zeros of the given generalized plant. The facial reduction is useful in analyzing the relationship. The facial reduction is an iterative algorithm to convert a non-strictly feasible problem into a strictly feasible one. We also show that facial reduction spends only one iteration for so-called regular $$H_\infty $$

H
∞

output feedback control. In particular, we can obtain a strictly feasible problem by using null vectors associated with some invariant zeros. This reduction is more straightforward than the direct application of facial reduction.
Factors associated with subsequent surgical procedures after intramedullary nailing for tibial shaft fractures
Authors: Hendrickx Laurent A. M. , Virgin James , Doornberg Job N. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. , Jaarsma Ruurd L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The reported rate of subsequent surgery after intramedullary nailing (IMN) of tibial shaft fractures (TSFs) is as high as 21%. However, most studies have not included the removal of symptomatic implant in these rates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the subsequent surgery rate after IMN of TSFs, including the removal of symptomatic implants. Secondly, this study aimed to assess what factors are associated with subsequent surgery (1) to promote fracture and wound healing and (2) for the removal of symptomatic implants.

Methods
One-hundred and ninety-one patients treated with IMN for TSFs were retrospectively included. The rate of subsequent surgery was determined. Bi- and multivariable analysis was used to identify variables associated with subsequent surgery.

Results
Approximately half of patients (46%) underwent at least one subsequent surgical procedure. Forty-eight (25%) underwent a subsequent surgical procedure to promote fracture or wound healing. Age (P < 0.01), multi-trauma (P < 0.01), open fracture (P < 0.001) and index surgery during weekdays (P < 0.05) were associated with these procedures. Thirty-nine patients (20%) underwent a subsequent surgical procedure for removal of symptomatic implants. There was a significantly lower rate of implant removal in ASA II (11%) and ASA III–IV (14%) patients compared to ASA I patients (29%) (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Patients treated with IMN for TSFs should be consented that about one-in-two patients will undergo an additional surgical procedure. Half of these procedures are required to promote wound or fracture healing; the other half are for symptomatic implant removal.

Level of evidence
Therapeutic level-IV.
Recent developments in carbon-based two-dimensional materials: synthesis and modification aspects for electrochemical sensors
Authors: Kirchner Eva-Maria , Hirsch Thomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis review (162 references) focuses on two-dimensional carbon materials, which include graphene as well as its allotropes varying in size, number of layers, and defects, for their application in electrochemical sensors. Many preparation methods are known to yield two-dimensional carbon materials which are often simply addressed as graphene, but which show huge variations in their physical and chemical properties and therefore on their sensing performance. The first section briefly reviews the most promising as well as the latest achievements in graphene synthesis based on growth and delamination techniques, such as chemical vapor deposition, liquid phase exfoliation via sonication or mechanical forces, as well as oxidative procedures ranging from chemical to electrochemical exfoliation. Two-dimensional carbon materials are highly attractive to be integrated in a wide field of sensing applications. Here, graphene is examined as recognition layer in electrochemical sensors like field-effect transistors, chemiresistors, impedance-based devices as well as voltammetric and amperometric sensors. The sensor performance is evaluated from the material’s perspective of view and revealed the impact of structure and defects of the 2D carbon materials in different transducing technologies. It is concluded that the performance of 2D carbon-based sensors is strongly related to the preparation method in combination with the electrical transduction technique. Future perspectives address challenges to transfer 2D carbon-based sensors from the lab to the market.
First report of a new corneal pathogen: Phaeoacremonium parasiticum
Authors: Massa Horace , Riat Arnaud , Panos Georgios D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKeratitis is a public health issue in developing countries and a potentially sight-threatening condition. Collagen fibrils in the corneal stroma are parallels to each other. Fundamental substance maintains the same space between collagen fibrils. That is how corneal transparency can be achieved. Any damage which can modify this structure will lead to corneal opacity and loss of vision. Fungal keratitis might appear in up to one-third of cases. Nevertheless, fungal keratitis remains poorly described and understood. Herein, we present the first ever reported case of corneal infection due to Phaeoacremonium parasiticum in a young patient. We describe the clinical and microbial characteristics, and we also discuss the use of confocal microscopy in early diagnosis of this infection.
A case study on learning basic logical competencies when utilising technologies and real-world objects
Authors: Weinhandl Robert , Houghton Tony , Lavicza Zsolt 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn our technological age, many technologies and real-world objects communicate with each other or partly merge. However, this combination of technologies and real-world objects has not yet found its way into everyday teaching practices in schools to any great extent. To investigate the possibilities of combining technologies and real-world objects in mathematics classes, we conducted an exploratory educational study with 47 students. Analysing students’ data using the principles of grounded theory demonstrated that for students in our study (A) using open tasks with multiple solutions, (B) immediate feedback and (C) novelty effects in the learning process, are essential to design mathematics learning environments with combining technologies and real-world objects when learning basic logical operations.
The urban regeneration’s framework for transit villages in Qatar: the case of Al Sadd in Doha
Authors: Furlan Raffaello , Zaina Sara , Patel Shikha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the past two decades, Doha, the capital city of the State of Qatar, has undergone a rapid urban transformation. In 2013 and 2014, the State of Qatar, respectively, initiated the construction of Doha Metro and launched the Qatar National Development Framework (QNDF), an action plan for managing sustainable urban development at national level. Namely, QNDF emphasizes the importance of linking Doha Metro system with urban growth through transit-oriented developments (TODs), a model maximizing the integration between transport systems and land use, through the development of sustainable, vibrant, livable, compact and mixed-use communities. This research study focuses on Al Sadd, a mixed-use neighborhood located in the center of Doha. Al Sadd is considered a significant site for investigating the extent to which the TOD model can contribute to enhance standards of urban living and fostering a long-term urban sustainability. The strategy for monitoring and assessing the potential benefits of the investigated TOD is grounded on the on-site analysis (based on graph theory) of two indices: (1) built environment diversity and density and (2) travel behavior. The revealed comprehensive approach for the urban regeneration of the Al Sadd TOD is based on a framework for enhancing its (1) mixed-used urban fabric and (2) multimodal transportation systems. In turn, the proposed framework provides insights to move incrementally toward interdisciplinary research and governance for TOD in Qatar and in the globalizing GCC, through a long-term sustainability perspective.