bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal features of ductus arteriosus‐related branch pulmonary stenosis in fetal pulmonary atresia
Authors: Ngwezi D. P. , McClean M. , McBrien A. , Eckersley L. , Abeysekera J. , Colen T. , Hornberger L. K. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveDuctus arteriosus (DA)‐related branch pulmonary stenosis (PS), due to ductal tissue migration into the proximal pulmonary artery (PA) ipsilateral to the DA, is common in newborns with pulmonary atresia (PAtr) and contributes significantly to their mortality and morbidity. We sought to define fetal echocardiographic predictors of DA‐PS in PAtr.MethodsThis was a study of all neonates diagnosed prenatally with PAtr and a DA‐dependent pulmonary circulation, with a DA that joined the underbelly of the arch, who had undergone surgical or catheter intervention in our hospital between 2009 and 2018. The postnatal echocardiograms and clinical records were reviewed to confirm the presence or absence of DA‐PS based on the need for angioplasty at initial intervention and/or development of proximal PA stenosis post intervention. Fetal echocardiograms were examined for the features of DA‐PS.ResultsOf 53 fetuses with PAtr, 34 (64%) had analyzable images, including 20/34 (59%) with and 14/34 (41%) without DA‐PS. An inability to visualize the branch PAs in the same plane, largely associated with abnormal DA insertion into the ipsilateral PA (85% of cases), had sensitivity, specificity and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values of 75%, 100%, 100% and 74%, respectively, for the prediction of postnatal DA‐PS. The mean branch PA posterior bifurcation angle was more obtuse in cases with DA‐PS compared to cases without DA‐PS (117° ± 17° vs 79° ± 17°, P < 0.001), and an angle of > 100°, the preoperative cut‐off observed previously in affected newborns, had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 88%, 79%, 82% and 85%, respectively. The receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve revealed an angle of ≥ 105° to have a sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 93%, respectively, for prenatal prediction of DA‐PS. The presence of one or both features (inability to image in the same plane and the posterior bifurcation angle of ≥ 105°) had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 100%, 93%, 95% and 100%, respectively.ConclusionAn inability to visualize the branch PAs in the same plane, associated with abnormal insertion of the DA in most cases, and/or the presence of a posterior PA bifurcation angle of ≥ 105° are predictive features of postnatal DA‐PS in fetuses with PAtr. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Efficient calculation of crossing symmetric BCJ tree numerators
Authors: Edison Alex , Teng Fei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we develop an improved method for directly calculating double-copy-compatible tree numerators in (super-)Yang-Mills and Yang-Mills-scalar theories. Our new scheme gets rid of any explicit dependence on reference orderings, restoring a form of crossing symmetry to the numerators. This in turn improves the computational efficiency of the algorithm, allowing us to go well beyond the number of external particles accessible with the reference order based methods. Motivated by a parallel study of one-loop BCJ numerators from forward limits, we explore the generalization to include a pair of fermions. To improve the accessibility of the new algorithm, we provide a Mathematica package that implements the numerator construction. The structure of the computation also provides for a straightforward introduction of minimally-coupled massive particles potentially useful for future computations in both classical and quantum gravity.
AI-based healthcare: a new dawn or apartheid revisited?
Authors: Parfett Alice , Townley Stuart , Allerfeldt Kristofer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Bubonic Plague outbreak that wormed its way through San Francisco’s Chinatown in 1900 tells a story of prejudice guiding health policy, resulting in enormous suffering for much of its Chinese population. This article seeks to discuss the potential for hidden “prejudice” should Artificial Intelligence (AI) gain a dominant foothold in healthcare systems. Using a toy model, this piece explores potential future outcomes, should AI continue to develop without bound. Where potential dangers may lurk will be discussed, so that the full benefits AI has to offer can be reaped whilst avoiding the pitfalls. The model is produced using the computer programming language MATLAB and offers visual representations of potential outcomes. Interwoven with these potential outcomes are numerous historical models for problems caused by prejudice and recent issues in AI systems, from police prediction and facial recognition software to recruitment tools. Therefore, this research’s novel angle, of using historical precedents to model and discuss potential futures, offers a unique contribution.
Choosing inequality: how economic security fosters competitive regimes
Authors: Lenger Alexander , Wolf Stephan , Goldschmidt Nils 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn a novel experimental design, we study how social immobility affects the choice among distributional schemes in an experimental democracy. We design a two-period experiment in which subjects first choose a distributional scheme by majority voting (“social contract”). Then subjects engage in a competitive real-effort task to earn points. Based on production success, participants are ranked from best to worst. In combination with the initially chosen scheme, these ranks determine the final payout of the first round, leading to a pattern of societal stratification. Participants are informed individually about points and rank, before the same sequence of voting, production and payoff determination is repeated in a second round. To test the effect of social immobility on choosing distributional regimes the experiment is conducted with and without a social immobility factor, i.e. a different weighting of the two rounds. In our standard scenario, payoffs are simply added. In our “social immobility setting”, we alter the game as follows: the actual income in round 2 is calculated by adding 0.2 times the raw payoff from the second production game and 0.8 times the income from round 1. With the higher importance of round 1 success, we simulate the fact that economic movement upwards and downwards in societies (“social mobility”) is a de facto rigid constraint: high and low incomes tend to reproduce themselves. Our main findings are that in theEqual Weight Treatment, most groups opt for complete equality in both rounds, while in the unequal weight setting the initial choice of equality is followed by a shift to the most competitive regime. In both treatments, we observe that those performing well in round 1 tend to vote for unequal schemes in round 2, while low-performers develop an even stronger “taste for equality”. This supports a central Rawlsian idea: behind an (experimental) “veil of uncertainty”, the lack of idiosyncratic information is strong enough to let people decide as if driven by social preferences. The different group decisions in round 2 suggest that for this to happen, stakes need to be sufficiently high. To our surprise, other factors like gender, social background or real-life income have hardly any impact on unveiled decision making. We conclude that in our experimental democracy, competition based income allocation (a “market economy”) finds support only if people are sufficiently well off. Hence, increasing inequality perpetuated by social immobility is likely to undermine the general support for market-based systems.
Coaching-Weiterbildung in Zeiten der Maske
Authors: West-Leuer Beate , Löwer-Hirsch Marga , Gerstädt Martin 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungCoaching-Weiterbildungen in Zeiten der Ansteckung stehen vor neuen Herausforderungen. Besonders in großen Gruppen sind die gesundheitlichen Risiken allen Teilnehmer/innen sehr bewusst. Maskengebote durch die Veranstalter treffen jedoch nicht nur auf Zustimmung, sondern rufen auch Widerstand hervor. Besonders in Psychodynamischen Workshops mit Selbsterfahrungsanteilen war der Verzicht auf Vorgaben bisher Programm. Das Tragen der Maske beschneidet die mimische Kommunikation und erschwert Vertrauen. Doch die äußere Maske macht sichtbar, was jeder weiß: Ein Leben ohne Maskierung gibt es gar nicht. Wir alle inszenieren uns täglich in unterschiedlichsten Rollen. Diese Erkenntnis kann den Transfer erleichtern und den Anspruch an authentische Führung differenzieren.
The Importance of Fundamental Science for Society: The Success Story of Ozone Research
Authors: Brasseur Guy P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe successful story of ozone research from the discovery of this gas in the laboratory in 1839 to the protection of the stratospheric ozone layer by the Montreal Protocol in 1987 highlights the role and importance of fundamental research. None of the scientists who discovered the chemical nature and properties of ozone, and established its presence in the atmosphere, suspected that humans would be able to destroy a protective stratospheric layer that is essential for life on Earth. None of them had anticipated either that the emissions of pollutants associated with industrial activity and road transportation in urban areas would generate summertime ozone smog events with detrimental health effects and premature mortality. Scientific research has provided the knowledge needed to convince governments to take effective legislation to ban the industrial production of stratospheric ozone depleting agents and reduce the emissions of ozone precursors in the troposphere. This perspective paper calls for enhanced support of a strong fundamental research activity that rewards imagination and protects the scientific community from tight administrative and financial constraints. It highlights the need for scientists to keep a free and independent mind that leads to progress and innovation.
Infrared diagnostics of the solar magnetic field with Mg I 12 μm lines: forward-model results
Authors: Li Xin , Song Yongliang , Uitenbroek H. , Yang Xiao , Bai Xianyong , Deng Yuanyong 
Published: December 2020

Context. The Mg I 12.32 and 12.22 μm lines are a pair of emission lines that present a great advantage for accurate solar magnetic field measurement. They potentially contribute to the diagnosis of solar atmospheric parameters through their high magnetic sensitivity.
Aims. The goal of this study is to understand the radiation transfer process of these lines in detail and explore the ability of magnetic field diagnosis in the infrared.
Methods. We calculated the Stokes profiles and response functions of the two Mg I 12 μm lines based on one-dimensional solar atmospheric models using the Rybicki-Hummer (RH) radiative transfer code. The integration of these profiles with respect to the wavelength was used to generate calibration curves related to the longitudinal and transverse fields. The traditional single-wavelength calibration curve based on the weak-field approximation was also tested to determine if it is suitable for the infrared.
Results. The 12.32 μm line is more suitable for a magnetic field diagnosis because its relative emission intensity and polarization signal are stronger than that of the 12.22 μm line. The result from the response functions illustrates that the derived magnetic field and velocity with 12.32 μm line mainly originate from the height of 450 km, while that for the temperature is about 490 km. The calibration curves obtained by the wavelength-integrated method show a nonlinear distribution. For the Mg I 12.32 μm line, the longitudinal (transverse) field can be effectively inferred from Stokes V/I (Q/I and U/I) in the linear range below ∼600 G (∼3000 G) in quiet regions and below ∼400 G (∼1200 G) in penumbrae. Within the given linear range, the method is a supplement to the magnetic field calibration when the Zeeman components are incompletely split.
Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder Involving the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Kirtane Tejas , Uberoi Guneesh S. , Uberoi Angad S. , Loghavi Sanam , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Bhutani Manoop S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPosttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a rare and life-threatening complication of both solid organ transplantation and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In most cases, PTLD develops in Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-seropositive individuals in the setting of chronic immunosuppression and decreased T-cell surveillance. Clinical manifestations of PTLD may be nonspecific, resembling primary EBV infection (fever, night sweats, malaise, and cervical lymphadenopathy), or it can involve the central nervous system, bone marrow, kidneys, liver, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal symptoms in the posttransplant setting may indicate underlying PTLD, and it is important for physicians to be able to recognize its appearance on endoscopy.
On the pragmatic development of modal particles in
Navarrese-Lapurdian Basque
Authors: Monforte Sergio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The grammaticalisation of modal particles has
mainly been focused on their source and historical development. This
article deals with the ongoing pragmatic extension of the epistemic
particle ote in the Navarrese-Lapurdian dialect.
When used in questions, this particle has traditionally expressed
that the speaker believes that none of the potential denoted
responses will have the necessary strength of commitment and,
therefore, no answer is expected. Based on the fact that questions
containing ote are felt as less direct and that the
particle minimises the interrogative force, speakers of such dialect
have reinterpreted the use of ote as a resource to
reduce the expectancy and directiveness of information seeking
questions where the speakers hope to receive a response.
Reanalysis and the emergence of adverbial connectors in the
history of Japanese
Authors: Shibasaki Reijirou 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study deals with issues related to the
development of stand-alone adverbial connectors such as
totan(-ni), shunkan(-ni),
hyoosi(-ni), and yasaki(-ni)
in sentence-initial position in the history of Japanese. These
adverbial connectors, which can be witnessed from the early
twentieth century, developed from the erstwhile head of adnominal
clauses through a series of steps, i.e. reanalysis. The adverbial
connectors under investigation here serve to anticipate more to come
in the following discourse, labeled projectors by
Hopper and Thompson
(2008). In a nutshell, the emergence of adverbial
connectors involves an increase in structural scope over a stretch
of discourse.
Views of female students who played the role of group leaders in introductory physics labs
Authors: Doucette Danny , Singh Chandralekha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnderstanding student views about learning physics in the lab context can be invaluable for efforts to improve student learning. In an ethnographic study in which two researchers observed introductory physics labs, we found that many women in mixed gender groups adopted the role of group leader or project manager and ensured that the group stayed on task and completed the lab work as expected throughout the semester. Here we report on an investigation of the views about the physics lab of four such female pre-medical students with high agency who came across as group leaders in a traditionally-taught introductory physics lab course for bio-science majors, and who strived to ensure that their group did well in the lab. Our findings are based on semi-structured interviews with these students. The interviews focused on diverse issues including the role of their male lab partners, other peers and the teaching assistant in their learning in the physics lab, their views about learning physics in lecture and lab courses, the role of physics labs in promoting conceptual understanding, learning in physics lab compared with other science labs, and the role of bio-inspired labs in their learning. We find that these female student group leaders had surprisingly similar views about these issues pertaining to the physics lab. We recommend that departments trying to revamp their physics lab courses reflect upon these findings in order to make the labs more effective.
Defect detection for highly reflective rotary surfaces: an overview
Authors: Zhou Awei , Ai Bobo , Qu Pingge , Shao Wei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Defects over a highly reflective rotary surface (HRRS) may change the service performance, lifespan and safety properties of products. Therefore, defect detection is very important for surface quality assurance. In this paper, the attributes of HRRS defect detection are described. Then, a comparative overview in terms of key parameters in the HRRS defect detection systems is elaborated. Finally, this paper reviews various detection technologies for HRRS defect detection and categorizes the previous literature by their detection technologies, which can provide a reference for further implementation and improvements in this field. This study provides guidelines for selecting which scheme is the most suitable when designing new HRRS defect detection systems.
Machine learning method for predicting the influence of scanning parameters on random measurement error
Authors: Urbas Uroš , Vlah Daria , Vukašinović Nikola 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Measurements of technical objects can be done with contact and non-contact approaches. Contact methods are accurate but slow. On the other hand, non-contact methods deliver rapid point acquisition and are increasingly being used as their precision mounts. However, multiple scanning parameters such as the incident angle, object colour and scanning distance influence the measurement error and uncertainty when capturing the geometry of the object. With the aim of creating a generalised model that considers the influence of the aforementioned scanning parameters with satisfactory accuracy, a model for predicting the random measurement error based on machine learning (ML) is proposed in this study. Data acquired from measurements with varying scanning distances, incident angles and surface colours were used to train ML models. The tested ML methods included linear regression, support vector machine, neural network, k-nearest neighbour, AdaBoost and random forest. The best-performing trained model was the random forest, with a standard deviation of relative differences of 1.46% for the case of red surfaces, and 5.2% for the case of an arbitrarily coloured surface, which is comparable to results achieved with model-based methods. The trained models and the data are available online.
Computational Probabilistic Analysis of Distributional Time Series
Authors: Dobronets B S , Popova O A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article considers a new approach to forecasting of distributional time series based on computational probabilistic analysis. Functional data analysis and symbolic data analysis are currently used to study such data. A comparison of these approaches is given. Computational probabilistic analysis to forecasting of distributional time series uses special numerical operations on probability density functions. The article provides numerical examples of the analysis of distributional time series.
Double polarisation observables G and E and helicity dependent cross section for single π
0 photoproduction off proton and neutron at MAMI
Authors: Costanza S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Meson photoproduction, like other photon-induced reactions, allow to study the excitation spectra of the nucleons and, in combination with the use of polarised beam and/or target, allow to determine the properties of the nucleon resonances by accessing many different polarisation observables with great accuracy. The A2 Collaboration, located at the MAMI facility in Mainz, used elliptically polarised photons on longitudinally polarised proton and deuteron targets, for energies up to 1.6 GeV. From the experimental data, it was possible to extract the double polarisation observables E and G on single π
0 photoproduction off the proton and the neutron. New precise results on the helicity-dependent total and differential cross sections on the deuteron were collected too.
NA65 (DsTau) experiment: Tau neutrino production study at the CERN SPS
Authors: Yoshimoto M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The NA65/DsTau experiment is an approved CERN experiment with the scope to investigate the tau neutrino production using nuclear emulsion. The production process of tau neutrino is important in the precise measurement of the cross-section of tau neutrinos, which has a positive impact on other experiments. A pilot run was conducted in 2018 and the analysis is underway. Preparations are also ongoing for physics runs in 2021 and 2022.
Charge transport properties of thermally deposited nanocrystalline CdS/CdTe based on annealing temperature for solar cell application
Authors: Dutta R P , Neog N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A CdS/CdTe thin film is prepared on a chemically cleaned ITO glass substrate by depositing CdS and CdTe one after another using Thermal Evaporation Technique. The vacuum inside thin film coating unit (VICO- 12) is maintained at 10-5 m bar. The optical properties of individual CdS and CdTe in different annealing temperature have been investigated in Hitachi U-3900 UV Spectro-Photometer. The surface morphology of the highest annealed film was investigated by SEM analysis in JSM-6360. The charge transport properties of the CdS/CdTe film annealed at different temperature have been investigated. The efficiency of the CdS/CdTe has been investigated from the J-V characteristics of the film.
Inhomogeneous cylindrically bianchi type I space-time with flat potential
Authors: Poonia Laxmi , Sharma Sanjay 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Inhomogeneous cylindrically Bianchi type I space metric with flat potential is investigated in this paper. To finding inflationary solution assume the flat region where potential V (ψ) is constant and condition Y=X2 where X = α(x)β(t) and Z = λ(x)μ(t) on metric scalar. We observed the proper volume increases with time which indicates the eternal inflation of the present universe. Expanding, the non-rotating and shearing universe is investigated by the developed model. The negative deceleration parameter provides the accelerating phase of the universe. Some other physical and structural features of the model are also discussed
Channel estimation for image restoration using OFDM with various digital modulation schemes
Authors: Rajesh Varshini , Abdul Rajak A R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Channel or spectral estimation is a ground-breaking feature in wireless communication systems as it helps in obtaining information about a wireless channel at any state of time. Employing this can help in reducing the intensity of noise and bit error rate (BER). Here, images are processed, channels are estimated and image restoration is being done. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is looked upon as a very popular multiplexing cum modulation technique used in wireless communication systems and so, it is selected to play a cardinal role in channel estimation. The LMS algorithm is preferred in this technique since it is a simpler technique and provides results which are desirable. To simulate realistic conditions, OFDM signal is passed through Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and also a multipath fading channel. In this paper, an FFT based OFDM, adopting several digital modulation techniques like BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK and 16QAM is being implemented on images. The values of BER is observed for different values of SNR and a comparison is drawn out for the aforementioned modulation techniques. Results prove that BPSK provides the least BER for a particular value of SNR and hence, it can be observed to give the best performance.