bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gestational psittacosis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Katsura Daisuke , Tsuji Shunichiro , Kimura Fuminori , Tanaka Tomoki , Eguchi Yutaka , Murakami Takashi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGestational psittacosis is a rare disease that is associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is no examination method which allows for a quick diagnosis. We report a case of gestational psittacosis that could not be diagnosed as psittacosis during treatment and resulted in maternal and fetal death despite intensive treatment. We also reviewed 23 cases of gestational psittacosis. Fetal and maternal mortality was 82.6% (19/23) and 8.7% (2/23), respectively. In pregnant women with high fever and flu‐like symptoms, we should suspect Chlamydia psittaci infection if at least one of the following is present; contact with sheep, parrots, parakeets or goats; normal or moderately decreased leucocyte count, thrombocytopenia and hepatic and/or renal dysfunction; cough and/or lobe consolidation or infiltration on chest X‐ray. Antibiotic therapy with macrolide prenatally, macrolide or tetracycline postnatally and termination of pregnancy should be considered.
How do Children Evaluate the Gossiper of Negative Gossip?
Authors: Shinohara Asami , Kanakogi Yasuhiro , Okumura Yuko , Kobayashi Tessei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigated how children evaluate gossipers. There are two conflicting ways in which children evaluate the gossiper of negative gossip about another person. One is that they perceive the gossiper of negative gossip as bad because saying something negative about another person can be seen as indirect aggression. The other is that they perceive the gossiper of negative gossip as good because such gossip is beneficial to regulate their relationship with the gossip's target. To address the issue, we asked 7‐ and 8‐year‐olds to choose the gossiper of negative gossip or the gossiper of neutral gossip as a cooperative partner and to distribute resources between the gossipers. We found that the children often did not choose the gossiper of negative gossip as a partner and did not distribute many resources to her, indicating a perception of the negative gossiper as bad. This suggests that children's evaluation of a gossiper is influenced by the valence of gossip rather than the value of gossip.
Preliminary evaluation of effect of two visual aid devices on navigation in blind dogs
Authors: Bedard K. M. , Myrna K. E. , Diehl K. A. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate two visual aid devices in blind dogs.Materials and MethodsTransit time and number of collisions through a maze were recorded for 12 chronically and irreversibly blind dogs. Each dog repeated the maze while fitted with a BlindSight® echolocation device, or Muffin's Halo® physical barrier. They then repeated another maze test after a 30‐day device acclimation period at home.ResultsAll dogs had fewer collisions when wearing the halo device versus their baseline with no device. Dogs ≤11.8 kg had fewer collisions when acclimated to the halo versus their baseline with no device or when acclimated to the BlindSight®. For dogs >11.8 kg, maze completion time was faster when acclimated to the BlindSight® versus their baseline with no device or when acclimated to a halo. Owner surveys indicated no noticeable improvement in quality of life or dog navigation at home with either device.Clinical SignificanceThis study demonstrates the utility of commercially available visual aid devices in aiding blind dogs' navigation and may help veterinarians make recommendations to owners of blind dogs regarding the purchase of these devices.
Diaphragmotomy to aid exposure during hepatobiliary surgery: a multi‐centre retrospective review of 31 dogs
Authors: Dean B. , Anderson T. , Garcia‐Pertierra S. , Jenkins G. , Cantatore M. , Craig A. , Harris K. , Ryan T. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo report surgical technique, intra‐ and post‐operative complications, and short‐ and long‐term outcome following canine hepatobiliary surgery in which exposure of intra‐abdominal hepatobiliary lesions was aided by diaphragmotomy.Materials and MethodsClinical records from four multi‐disciplinary UK‐based small animal referral hospitals were retrospectively reviewed for dogs in which diaphragmotomy was performed between January 2014 and May 2019. Signalment, diagnosis, surgery performed, diaphragmotomy technique, management of diaphragmotomy and pneumothorax, intra‐ and post‐operative complications, short‐term outcome and long‐term outcome were recorded.ResultsThirty‐one cases were identified. The most common hepatobiliary surgeries performed alongside diaphragmotomy were single hepatic lobectomy (14/31) and cholecystectomy (11/31). The most common diagnoses were hepatocellular carcinoma (10/31), gall bladder mucocoele (7/31) and hepatic nodular hyperplasia (4/31). Peri‐operative mortality rate was 9.7% (3/31 cases) though none of these deaths were considered attributable to diaphragmotomy. Post‐operative complications were encountered in 67.9% (19/28) cases that survived the peri‐operative period, of which 25.0% (7/28) suffered complications that were considered attributable or likely attributable to diaphragmotomy. These seven complications resolved following non‐surgical intervention. Follow‐up was available for 26 of 28 patients that survived to discharge at a median of 4‐months (range 10 days to 24 months) following surgery and revealed no evidence of complications related to diaphragmotomy.Clinical SignificanceDiaphragmotomy appears safe and increases abdominal exposure of hepatobiliary lesions. The benefit of improved exposure must be carefully weighed up against the risks inherent in inducing pneumothorax.
Toward a physiological explanation of juvenile growth curves
Authors: Sibly R. M. , Brown J. H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractJuvenile growth curves are generally sigmoid in shape: Growth is initially nearly exponential, but it slows to near zero as the animal approaches maturity. The drop‐off in growth rate is puzzling because, everything else being equal, selection favors growing as fast as possible. Existing theory posits sublinear scaling of resource acquisition with juvenile body mass and linear scaling of the requirement for maintenance, so the difference, fuel for growth, decreases as the juvenile increases in size. Experimental evidence, however, suggests that maintenance metabolism increases sublinearly not linearly with size. Here, we develop a new theory consistent with the experimental evidence. Our theory is based on the plausible assumption that there is a trade‐off in the capacity of capillaries to supply growing and developed cells. As the proportion of non‐growing cells increases, they take up more macromolecules from the capillaries, leaving fewer to support growing cells. The predicted growth curves are realistic and similar to those of previous models (Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and Logistic) but have the advantage of being derived from a plausible physiological model. We hope that our focus on resource delivery in capillaries will encourage new experimental work to identify the detailed physiological basis of the trade‐off underlying juvenile growth curves.
Recent developments in the field of vascular liver diseases
Authors: Valla Dominique C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractKnowledge in the field of vascular liver disease is continuously expanding. The present update will discuss recent data on i) the Abernethy malformation in adults; ii) portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis; iii) advancing expertise in recanalization of the portal vein and iv) experience in using direct oral anticoagulants in the field of vascular liver disease.
Imaging of liver tumours: What’s new?
Authors: Vilgrain Valérie , Raynaud Lucas , Paulatto Luisa , Ronot Maxime 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLiver tumours are very common and malignant tumours represent a major cause of cancer‐related death. Imaging plays an important role at many different stages of the care pathway. This review discusses new aspects and new roles for imaging and for MRI, in particular. MRI is already the best tool for the characterization and staging of benign and malignant liver tumours and it could also become a useful screening tool, especially for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver imaging will be increasingly quantitative in the future, integrating new approaches such as those of artificial intelligence.
Hepatitis B: Who to treat? A critical review of international guidelines
Authors: Huang Daniel Q. , Lim Seng Gee 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChronic hepatitis B remains a global problem, affecting more than 250 million individuals worldwide. Around one‐fifth of infected individuals develop advanced fibrosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines as well as the 2016 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) guidelines are based on robust data and relied on multiple external systematic reviews to answer identified questions. In contrast, the latest guidelines from the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), Asia Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) and AASLD (2018 version) were developed by consensus of expert panels. Treatment is generally recommended for individuals at a high risk of disease progression, namely those with high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, active viral replication and advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Although guidelines generally agree on treatment indications for special populations, current guidelines do not factor in clinically relevant factors such as age, gender and genotype into the treatment decision process. There is an unmet need for a better predictive model to select high‐risk individuals, thus, more high‐quality studies are needed.
The future of autoimmune liver diseases – Understanding pathogenesis and improving morbidity and mortality
Authors: Engel Bastian , Taubert Richard , Jaeckel Elmar , Manns Michael P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAutoimmune liver diseases (AILD), namely autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), are rare diseases. These days, patients with PBC almost never require liver transplantation. When treated early with ursodeoxycholic acid patients have a normal life expectancy if the disease is diagnosed at an early stage and the patients respond to treatment. Patients with AIH often go into remission with first‐line therapy including corticosteroids alone or in combination with azathioprine. Nevertheless, about one quarter of patients already developed cirrhosis at diagnosis. Those who do not respond to first line standard of care (SOC) have significant liver‐related morbidity and mortality. No approved second‐ or third‐line treatments are available and the drugs are selected based on limited case series and personal experience. Larger trials are needed to develop efficient therapies for difficult‐to‐treat AIH patients. No treatment has been found to alter the natural course of disease in patients with PSC except for liver transplantation. Identifying PSC patients at risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is another unmet need. Current research in all AILD including AIH, PBC and PSC, focuses on improving our understanding of the underlying disease process and identifying new therapeutic targets to decrease morbidity and mortality.
Outcome and characteristics of invasive fungal infections in critically ill burn patients: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Maurel Véronique , Denis Blandine , Camby Matthieu , Jeanne Mathieu , Cornesse Aline , Glavnik Boris , Alanio Alexandre , Rousseau Anne‐Françoise , Lefloch Ronan , Lagrange‐Xelot Marie , Textoris Julien , Wiramus Sandrine , de Tymowski Christian , Legrand Matthieu 
Published: February 2020

SummaryBackgroundCharacteristics and outcome of invasive fungal infection (IFI) in critically ill burn patients have been poorly explored.ObjectivesWe report the factors associated with 90‐day mortality in a multicentre retrospective European study.Patients/MethodsAll burn patients with confirmed IFI admitted between 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2015 in 10 centres in France and Belgium were included.ResultsNinety‐four patients were enrolled with 110 cases of IFIs: 79 (71.8%) were yeasts IFI and 31 (28.2%) filamentous IFI. Incidence was 1% among admitted patients. The 90‐day mortality was 37.2% for all IFIs combined, 52% for filamentous infection and 31.9% for yeast infection. Patients with more than one IFI had a higher 90‐day mortality than patients with only one episode (61.5% vs 33.5% (P = .006)). In multivariate analysis, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (OR = 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02‐1.09) P = .003), bacterial co‐infection (OR = 3.85 (95% CI: 1.23‐12.01), P = .014) and use of skin allografts at the time of IFI diagnosis (OR = 3.87 (95% CI: 1.31‐11.42), P = .021) were associated with 90‐day mortality.ConclusionsAlthough rare, invasive fungal infections remain associated with poor outcome in burn patients. Bacterial co‐infection and presence of allograft were potentially modifiable factors independently associated with outcome.
Beat the stigma of primary headache disorders: Activities of JPAC and GPAC
Authors: Sakai Fumihiko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe stigma of headache disorders, particularly migraine, often increases suffering and confusion among patients and physicians, resulting in the delay in headache research and optimal headache care. It is important to de‐stigmatize headache conditions among patients, healthcare professionals, family, friends, educators, employers, policymakers, and the general public. The Japanese Headache Society initiated a project called Japan Patient Advocacy Coalition (JPAC) along with Global Patient Advocacy Coalition (GPAC) of the International Headache Society. The purpose was to create better headache care and improve the health‐related quality of life by reducing the burden of headache and the economic loss of the society. Beating the stigma of migraine may be possible by driving awareness of migraine as serious and debilitating disease and by giving appropriate education to improve management of migraine and facilitate access to therapy.
Osmotic stress inhibits leaf growth of Arabidopsis thaliana by enhancing ARF‐mediated auxin responses
Authors: Kalve Shweta , Sizani Bulelani L. , Markakis Marios Nektarios , Helsmoortel Céline , Vandeweyer Geert , Laukens Kris , Sommen Manou , Naulaerts Stefan , Vissenberg Kris , Prinsen Els , Beemster Gerrit T. S. 
Published: February 2020

Summary

We investigated the interaction between osmotic stress and auxin signaling in leaf growth regulation. Therefore, we grew Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings on agar media supplemented with mannitol to impose osmotic stress and 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), a synthetic auxin.

We performed kinematic analysis and flow‐cytometry to quantify the effects on cell division and expansion in the first leaf pair, determined the effects on auxin homeostasis and response (DR5::β‐glucuronidase), performed a next‐generation sequencing transcriptome analysis and investigated the response of auxin‐related mutants.

Mannitol inhibited cell division and expansion. NAA increased the effect of mannitol on cell division, but ameliorated its effect on expansion. In proliferating cells, NAA and mannitol increased free IAA concentrations at the cost of conjugated IAA and stimulated DR5 promotor activity. Transcriptome analysis shows a large overlap between NAA and osmotic stress‐induced changes, including upregulation of auxin synthesis, conjugation, transport and TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1 (TIR1) and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) response genes, but downregulation of Aux/IAA response inhibitors. Consistently, arf7/19 double mutant lack the growth response to auxin and show a significantly reduced sensitivity to osmotic stress.

Our results show that osmotic stress inhibits cell division during leaf growth of A. thaliana at least partly by inducing the auxin transcriptional response.
Different Performance of Intravertebral Vacuum Clefts in Kümmell's Disease and Relevant Treatment Strategies
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Qian , Liu Wei‐jun , Li Qing‐bo , Cai Lei , Wang Zheng‐kun 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesThis study aimed to present the different pattern of intravertebral vacuum cleft (IVC) related to high risk of cement complications in minimally invasive treatments for Kümmell's disease (KD) and relevant treatment strategies.MethodsA retrospective study from January 2016 to January 2018 was conducted at Wuhan Fourth Hospital and comprised 35 patients with Kümmell's disease. There were seven males and 28 females, and the mean age of the patients was 70.4 years. The patterns of IVC in KD were analyzed. These patients were divided into three groups based on the treatment method used. The treatment methods included long‐segment fixation (LSF), posterior short‐segment fixation (SSF), and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP). We retrospectively reviewed outcomes, including the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analog scale (VAS) score, anterior height of affected vertebrae, kyphotic Cobb angle, and complications.ResultsAll patients were followed up for 12–38 months. According to their radiographic appearance we could observe two main patterns of clefts. Pattern I, clefts that were found to be near to the endplate and connected with intervertebral space, the endplate was incomplete. Pattern II, IVC traversed to anterior edge of the vertebral body affected. Both were related to high risk of cement complications in minimal invasive treatments for KD. Good results have been achieved in LSF and SSF groups, the VAS, ODI, anterior height of affected vertebrae and kyphotic Cobb angle showed statistically significant differences between pre‐ and post‐operation and between pre‐ and final follow‐up (P < 0.05). In PKP group, although the VSA and ODI showed statistically significant differences between pre‐ and post‐operation and between pre‐ and final follow‐up (P < 0.05), we could observe that the VSA and ODI rebounded a little at the final follow‐up. Cement leakage into intervertebral space occurred in four (44.45%) patients of PKP group.ConclusionsPKP should be chosen carefully if the IVC of the patient presents to be pattern I or II. LSF and SSF are safe and effective, and can achieve satisfactory correction of kyphosis and vertebral height, with pain relief and improvement in patient's daily life, with few complications.
Joint Awareness after Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Evaluated with the Forgotten Joint Score
Authors: Dai Yi‐ke , Lin Wei , Yang Guang‐min , Lu Jiang‐feng , Wang Fei 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the temporal relationship of medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and forgotten joint score (FJS), and to analysis the predictive factors associated with FJS after medial UKA.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional observational study. A total of 188 cases of medial UKA were included in this study, and all the prostheses used were Oxford mobile‐bearing UKA from January 2016 to January 2019. All patients have completed the questionnaire of FJS, and the relevant data were obtained for 1 month (n = 38), 6 month (n = 40), 12 month (n = 42), 24 month (n = 34), and 36 month (n = 34) patient subgroups. The score ranged from 0–100, with a higher score indicating a more natural knee joint. In addition, the associations between the potential influencing factors (body mass index [BMI], age, gender, duration of onset before surgery, Kellgren‐Lawrence grade of the medial compartment before surgery) with FJS were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression.ResultsPostoperative FJSs were 44.5 ± 13.5 at 1 month，63.8 ± 10.1 at 6 months, 77.1 ± 12.2 at 12 months, 78.4 ± 12.2 at 24 months, 78.9 ± 12.5 at 36 months. The postoperative FJSs were lowest at 1 month and highest at 36 month (P < 0.01). The mean value of FJS kept improving until 12 months post‐operation, which was slightly lower than that of 24 months and 36 months, but there was no statistical difference between them. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender and Kellgren‐Lawrence grade of the medial compartment before surgery had no significant influence on FJS, while age, BMI, and duration of onset before surgery had significant associations with FJS after UKA. BMI was negatively correlated with FJS, while older patients (>60) and with longer duration of onset before surgery (>3 years) were a positive predictor of good outcome for the FJS.ConclusionPatients can expect marked improvement in the natural feel of the prosthesis during the first year after UKA, slight continued improvement at 2 and 3 years. Furthermore, we identified three preoperative patient‐related factors (age, BMI, and duration of onset before surgery) that may predict the FJS after medial UKA, which can be used to guide surgical decision making.
Masculinity, Money, and the Postponement of Parenthood in Nigeria
Authors: Smith Daniel Jordan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn southeastern Nigeria, several interconnected processes of social change are combining to delay parenthood. Most of the demographic and social sciences literature examining the postponement of parenthood has paid primary attention to women. To address this gap, this article foregrounds the changing social landscape of masculinity as a significant context within which to situate these demographic changes. At the core of Nigerian men's perceptions, decisions, and behaviors with regard to delaying fatherhood is a fundamental contradiction, one that seems to be common in many settings—at least many African settings—of contemporary demographic transition. The contradiction is that while the postponement of parenthood is associated historically with positive social and economic indicators, when Nigerian men articulate their rationales for delaying fatherhood (and marriage) they commonly describe feelings of uncertainty connected to a sense of struggle and deprivation. This article connects men's anxieties about—and delays embarking on—marriage and parenthood to their experiences of economic uncertainty, and specifically to the perceived need for money as the foundation for successful reproduction.
The impact of the Pull of the Recent on extant elasmobranchs
Authors: Pimiento Catalina , Benton Michael J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractModern elasmobranchs have a long evolutionary history and an abundant fossil record that consists mainly of teeth. Many fossil taxa have living representatives. However, the representation of extant taxa in the fossil record is unknown. To begin to understand the geological history of extant elasmobranchs, we here assess the quality of their fossil record. We do so by assessing the Pull of the Recent (POR). The POR can bias the fossil record because the rather complete record of living taxa allows palaeontologists to identify fossil members of the modern clades and to bridge time bins where fossils are absent. We assessed the impact of the POR by quantifying the proportion of extant elasmobranchs that have a fossil record, but do not occur in the last 5 million years (Pliocene and Pleistocene). We found that the POR does not affect orders and families, but it does affect 24% of elasmobranch genera. Within the different elasmobranch orders, the Lamniformes display the most complete generic fossil record, with no impact of the POR. Although modest, the impact of the POR in extant elasmobranch genera is higher than that found in other taxa. Overall, the geological history of elasmobranchs contradicts the usual assumption that the fossil record becomes worse backwards in time. This is the case across geographical regions and tooth size, further suggesting that sampling intensity and outcrop availability might explain the POR effect on sharks and rays.