bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Literature Review on The Dimensions of Smart Cities
Authors: Wahab N S N , Seow T W , Radzuan I S M , Mohamed S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Smart city represents a new future framework which integrates multiple information and communication technology (ICT), which provides solution to cope with urban challenges and at the same time to improve the quality of life of the citizens. However, it is still an unclear concept with no standardised nomenclature that could be effectively describing itself and lacking in standardised criteria and framework to visualise the concept. This paper aims to review smart city literature to achieve the understandings on the fundamentals of smart city. The research procedure focuses on the dimensions of the smart city. The studies selected from two major databases; Scopus and Science Direct. The selection process involves searching for literature sources and screening and filtering the studies based on titles, abstracts, and full-text reading. Final 28 documents are selected and adopted in this study. Based on the review, it is identified that there are 11 dimensions that contributes to the development of smart cities; smart economy, smart governance, smart people, smart environment, smart infrastructure, smart technology, smart living, smart mobility, smart water and waste, smart security and smart agriculture. Thus, the findings provide insights for scholars researching on the subject, and the parties considering applying them into practice.
Comparative Analysis of Alliancing and Public Private Partnership Cost Performance in Australasia Infrastructure Projects
Authors: Almaaz R , Zakaria I , Odimegwumas T C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Alternative project delivery methods such as Alliancing and Public-Private Partnership (PPP) are increasingly used to deliver complex infrastructure projects around the world and in Australasia in particular. Alliancing is expected to benefit owners with superior cost control, high levels of collaboration, and better risk management. Yet, PPP has remained the dominant provider for infrastructure projects. This paper empirically compares the cost growth performance of Alliancing and PPP in Australasia infrastructure projects under the lenses of Relational Contracting Theory and Transaction Cost Economics Theory (TCE). Data were collected from state records and previous studies on 48 completed projects. The analysis of the data using change order growth, bid growth, and project growth ratios shows that alliancing outperformed PPP in meeting cost expectations. These results challenge the traditional assumption of PPP superiority in delivering infrastructure projects.
Is Hygrothermal Aging of Construction Polymer Composites a Reversible Process?
Authors: Grammatikos Sotirios , Papatzani Styliani , Evernden Mark 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the effects of wet/dry cycling loading on the moisture uptake behavior of a Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite used in the civil engineering sector. FRP samples of various dimensions were cut from an ‘off-the-shelf’ pultruded flat sheet and conditioned in a cyclic hygrothermal environment. A series of 3 consecutive moisture absorption-desorption cycles lasting for 153 days were carried out to investigate the moisture uptake behavior of FRPs. The hygrothermal procedure consisted of immersion in 60°C distilled water until saturation and consecutively drying in a 60°C oven until equilibrium was reached. After the 1st desorption cycle, it was found that FRP samples lose a significant amount of mass due to chemical decomposition, the extent of which increases as wet/dry cyclic loading progresses. The effective mass loss leads to a subsequent significant increase in the rate of moisture uptake. Mechanical behavior of the FRPs aged at 40°C, 60°C and 80°C for 224 days is examined at both ‘wet’ and ‘dry’ states to reveal the reversible and irreversible effects of moisture uptake. It was revealed that the effects of 40°C hygrothermal aging on mechanical performance are reversible when moisture is removed.
Development and Characterization of Alumina-Based Membranes for Water Purification
Authors: Ahmed B A , Ahmed F , Ali K , Shabbir J B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
High energy ball milling (HEBM) and pressure less sintering technique were performed to achieve a homogenous powder mixture and porous ceramic membranes of a-Al2O3/2%MWCNTs. A uniaxial powder compaction press was used to compress the powder mixture into circular green pellets (27 mm in diameter, 3-4 mm thickness) at three different pressure values of 100 MPa, 250 MPa and 400 MPa, followed by sintering at three different temperature values of 1200 °C, 1250 °C and 1300 °C under argon gas atmosphere. The effect of process parameters on the pore distribution and phase change was characterized by employing Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) respectively. Process parameters were found to have a strong influence on the characteristics of the developed membranes like diametrical strength, water permeability and porosity. Water flow rates varied from 950 l/m2.hr to 42 l/m2hr, porosity decreased from 48.57% to 28.87% and diametrical strength increased from 0.95 MPa to 11.06 MPa as compaction pressure was increased from 100 MPa to 400 MPa and sintering temperature was increased from 1200 °C to 1300 °C.
Thermal Insulation Enhancement of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Concrete Using Waste Clay Brick
Authors: Ahmed Mahmood F. , Khalil Wasan I. , Frayyeh Qias J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Geopolymer concrete is one of the sustainable building materials that has a low energy production and a minimum carbon footprint. In this study, the effect of utilization waste clay brick on the thermal conductivity (TC) of Metakaolin geopolymer concrete (MK-GPC) was investigated. The waste of clay brick was used in two series of mixes, first one included clay brick waste powder (BP) as partial replacement of Metakaolin (MK) at weight dosage 10%, 15%, and 20%, while the second group of mixes contained crushed clay brick waste aggregate (CBA) at replacement level of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume of natural coarse aggregate. In addition to (TC), all the specimens were tested to determine the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and voids content at 7 and 28 days. The results of the samples with 10% and 15% BP have shown higher UPV and less voids content, while the incorporation of CBA aggregate at 20% and 30% caused reduction in UPV and increased the voids in MK-GPC mixture. Furthermore, the addition of the waste clay brick in both forms (powder and aggregate) has improved the results of thermal insulation. Conclusively, reusing of waste clay brick as ingredients in MK-GPC will provide a super-sustainable geopolymer concrete with advanced thermal insulation properties.
Optimization on Preventive Maintenance and Spare Unit Number for Multi-unit Parallel System
Authors: Gao Wenke , Yang Tianshu , Chen Xufeng , Liang Xin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Preventive maintenance (PM) for multi-unit parallel system with limited production resource is a crucial issue. To find a solution for the issue, this study focused on a multi-unit parallel system with one repairman and some spare units, and developed an optimization model for the system. In the model, PM policy and cold spare unit number were jointly considered. After optimization, an optimal PM policy with PM interval of running and spare units, PM number and cold spare unit number were obtained. Then, a numerical example was analyzed to illustrate the proposed model, and some results were attained based on the sensitive analysis.
Research on FJSP Rescheduling Execution Cost Based on Modified Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Q C , Huang Y K , Xiong X L , Zhao J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In order to achieve dynamic production of smart plants, it is necessary to dynamically adjust schedule for disturbances in the manufacturing process. An executable optimized rescheduling plan needs developing, so the study of rescheduling cost is necessary. Based on the essential analysis of the rescheduling problem, a new flexible job shop rescheduling execution cost is proposed. The correctness of the execution cost is illustrated by the application in a modified genetic algorithm. The result shows that the rescheduling method with the execution cost as the fitness can generate a new plan with less deviation from the original schedule, which has a great significance for actual manufacturing.
COVID-19 pandemic preparedness: A practical guide from an operational pharmacy perspective
Authors: Merchan Cristian , Soliman Joshua , Ahuja Tania , Arnouk Serena , Keeley Kelsey , Tracy Joanna , Guerra Gabriel , DaCosta Kristopher , Papadopoulos John , Dabestani Arash 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To describe our medical center’s pharmacy services preparedness process and offer guidance to assist other institutions in preparing for surges of critically ill patients such as those experienced during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Summary
The leadership of a department of pharmacy at an urban medical center in the US epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic proactively created a pharmacy action plan in anticipation of a surge in admissions of critically ill patients with COVID-19. It was essential to create guidance documents outlining workflow, provide comprehensive staff education, and repurpose non–intensive care unit (ICU)-trained clinical pharmacotherapy specialists to work in ICUs. Teamwork was crucial to ensure staff safety, develop complete scheduling, maintain adequate drug inventory and sterile compounding, optimize the electronic health record and automated dispensing cabinets to help ensure appropriate prescribing and effective management of medication supplies, and streamline the pharmacy workflow to ensure that all patients received pharmacotherapeutic regimens in a timely fashion.

Conclusion
Each hospital should view the COVID-19 crisis as an opportunity to internally review and enhance workflow processes, initiatives that can continue even after the resolution of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Integrative biomarker detection on high-dimensional gene expression data sets: a survey on prior knowledge approaches
Authors: Perscheid Cindy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Gene expression data provide the expression levels of tens of thousands of genes from several hundred samples. These data are analyzed to detect biomarkers that can be of prognostic or diagnostic use. Traditionally, biomarker detection for gene expression data is the task of gene selection. The vast number of genes is reduced to a few relevant ones that achieve the best performance for the respective use case. Traditional approaches select genes based on their statistical significance in the data set. This results in issues of robustness, redundancy and true biological relevance of the selected genes. Integrative analyses typically address these shortcomings by integrating multiple data artifacts from the same objects, e.g. gene expression and methylation data. When only gene expression data are available, integrative analyses instead use curated information on biological processes from public knowledge bases. With knowledge bases providing an ever-increasing amount of curated biological knowledge, such prior knowledge approaches become more powerful. This paper provides a thorough overview on the status quo of biomarker detection on gene expression data with prior biological knowledge. We discuss current shortcomings of traditional approaches, review recent external knowledge bases, provide a classification and qualitative comparison of existing prior knowledge approaches and discuss open challenges for this kind of gene selection.
The Na+ and K+ transport system of sperm (ATP1A4) is essential for male fertility and an attractive target for male contraception†
Authors: Syeda Shameem Sultana , Sánchez Gladis , McDermott Jeffrey P , Hong Kwon Ho , Blanco Gustavo , Georg Gunda I 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOne of the mechanisms that cells have developed to fulfil their specialized tasks is to express different molecular variants of a particular protein that has unique functional properties. Na,K-ATPase (NKA), the ion transport mechanism that maintains the transmembrane Na+ and K+ concentrations across the plasma membrane of cells, is one of such protein systems that shows high molecular and functional heterogeneity. Four different isoforms of the NKA catalytic subunit are expressed in mammalian cells (NKAα1, NKAα2, NKAα3, and NKAα4). NKAα4 (ATP1A4) is the isoform with the most restricted pattern of expression, being solely produced in male germ cells of the testis. NKAα4 is abundant in spermatozoa, where it is required for sperm motility and hyperactivation. This review discusses the expression, functional properties, mechanism of action of NKAα4 in sperm physiology, and its role in male fertility. In addition, we describe the use of NKAα4 as a target for male contraception and a potential approach to pharmacologically block its ion transport function to interfere with male fertility.
The role of the IL-1 system in pregnancy and the use of IL-1 system markers to identify women at risk for pregnancy complications†
Authors: Equils Ozlem , Kellogg Caitlyn , McGregor James , Gravett Michael , Neal-Perry Genevieve , Gabay Cem 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe interleukin (IL)-1 system plays a major role in immune responses and inflammation. The IL-1 system components include IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1 receptor type 1 and IL-1 receptor type 2 (decoy receptor), IL-1 receptor accessory protein, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). These components have been shown to play a role in pregnancy, specifically in embryo-maternal communication for implantation, placenta development, and protection against infections. As gestation advances, maternal tissues experience increasing fetal demand and physical stress and IL-1β is induced. Dependent on the levels of IL-1Ra, which regulates IL-1β activity, a pro-inflammatory response may or may not occur. If there is an inflammatory response, prostaglandins are synthesized that may lead to myometrial contractions and the initiation of labor. Many studies have examined the role of the IL-1 system in pregnancy by independently measuring plasma, cervical, and amniotic fluid IL-1β or IL-1Ra levels. Other studies have tested for polymorphisms in IL-1β and IL-1Ra genes in women experiencing pregnancy complications such as early pregnancy loss, in vitro fertilization failure, pre-eclampsia and preterm delivery. Data from those studies suggest a definite role for the IL-1 system in successful pregnancy outcomes. However, as anticipated, the results varied among different experimental models, ethnicities, and disease states. Here, we review the current literature and propose that measurement of IL-1Ra in relation to IL-1 may be useful in predicting the risk of poor pregnancy outcomes.
Where Two ‘Exceptional’ Prison Cultures Meet: Negotiating Order in a Transnational Prison
Authors: Liebling Alison , Johnsen Berit , Schmidt Bethany E , Rokkan Tore , Beyens Kristel , Boone Miranda , Kox Mieke , Vanhouche An-Sofie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCan a prison in the Netherlands, that is neither ‘Dutch’ nor ‘Norwegian’, be ‘legitimate?’ What are the moral challenges? Our study of the controversial Norgerhaven project—a Norwegian prison located in the Netherlands—found that this ‘experiment’ generated one of the most reflexive, ‘deliberative’ prisons we have encountered. Officials involved in the decision assumed that the two jurisdictions were alike in their values. Few were prepared for the differences that arose. This hybrid prison made punishment, the use of authority, and the meanings of fairness, professionalism and discipline unusually explicit as staff negotiated their practices, creating a shift from ‘practical’ to ‘discursive’ consciousness and exposing many of the complexities of liberal penal power.
The emerging role of iron in heart failure and vascular calcification in CKD
Authors: Ciceri Paola , Cozzolino Mario 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Iron deficiency is a frequent comorbidity of cardiovascular (CV) diseases and nearly 50% of patients with heart failure (HF) with or without anaemia have low levels of available iron. There is a strong association between anaemia and the increase in mortality and hospitalizations in patients with CV disease and HF. Moreover, anaemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) often coexist in patients with HF, with anaemia increasing the risk of death in these subjects and with a further increased risk in CKD population. The evidence that the treatment of iron deficiency and the increase in haemoglobin are associated with a better prognosis in HF patients has elicited new interest in the utilization of iron in HF and CKD patients. One of the central players in CV disease is vascular calcification (VC), which has been recognized as a major independent risk factor for incident CV disease and overall mortality in chronic disease patients. In this review, we summarize the evidences generated by clinical trials aimed to study the effect of iron deficiency correction, the effect of iron-based phosphate binder in in vivo models of kidney failure and the effect of iron in in vitro models of VC, trying to give an overview of the present knowledge on iron effect and its mechanisms of action.
It’S Getting Crowded in Here: Experimental Evidence of Demand Constraints in the Gender Profit Gap
Authors: Hardy Morgan , Kagy Gisella 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article considers market-level contributors to the well-documented gender profit gap among micro-entrepreneurs. We combine data from a garment-making firm census and market research survey in Ghana, uncovering a gender gap in the market-size-to-firm ratio and observing disproportionate self-reports of ‘not enough customers’ from female owners. We develop a simple model and discuss implications of potential gender differences in demand constraints. As experimental corroboration, we show that female-owned firms expand production and experience profit increases in response to random demand shocks, while male-owned firms do not. Nationally representative data echoes our experimental findings, showing more crowding in female-dominated industries.
Providing Care Is Self-Care: Towards Valuing Older People’s Care Provision in Global Economies
Authors: Akhter-Khan Samia C 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOlder people’s care provision is structurally undervalued, posing a threat to social connectedness and healthy aging. Thus, the question arises of how older people’s care provision can be valued in diverse economies. By addressing this question, this article proposes a novel perspective by shedding light on the value of contributions older people provide to society, which in turn promote their own well-being. By highlighting evolutionary and proximal motives for older people to provide care, this article advances the theoretical understanding of the benefits of caregiving in the global aging context, going beyond previous successful aging approaches. These new directions aim to center older people’s needs while accounting for their care provisions to fruitfully inform policymaking. Finally, the main challenge remaining for future work is to create adequate and valuable opportunities for older people to provide care as Homines curans.
PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome: what happens when there is no PTEN germline mutation?
Authors: Yehia Lamis , Eng Charis 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hereditary cancer syndromes represent ~10% of all incident cancers. It is important to identify individuals having these disorders because, unlike patients with sporadic cancer, these patients require specialised life-long care, with implications for their families. Importantly, the identification of alterations in cancer-predisposing genes facilitates gene-informed molecular diagnosis, cancer risk assessment and gene-specific clinical management. Moreover, knowledge about gene function in the inherited cancers offers insights towards biological processes pertinent to the more common sporadic cancers. Conversely, without a known gene, clinical management is less precise, and it is impossible to offer predictive testing of family members. PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome (PHTS) is an umbrella term encompassing four overgrowth and cancer predisposition disorders associated with germline PTEN mutations. With time, it became evident that only a finite subset of individuals with PHTS-associated phenotypes harbour germline PTEN mutations. Therefore, non-PTEN aetiologies exist in PTEN wildtype patients. Indeed, gene discovery efforts over the last decade elucidated multiple candidate cancer predisposition genes. While a subset of genes (e.g. AKT1, PIK3CA) are biologically plausible as being key effectors within the PTEN signalling cascade, other genes required meticulous functional interrogation to explain their contribution to PHTS-related phenotypes. Collectively, the extensive phenotypic heterogeneity of the clinical syndromes typically united by PTEN is reflected by the genetic heterogeneity revealed through gene discovery. Validating these gene discoveries is critical because, while PTEN wildtype patients can be diagnosed clinically, they do not have the benefit of specific gene-informed risk assessment and subsequent management.
Finiteness Properties of Pseudo-Hyperbolic Varieties
Authors: Javanpeykar Ariyan , Xie Junyi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMotivated by Lang–Vojta’s conjecture, we show that the set of dominant rational self-maps of an algebraic variety over a number field with only finitely many rational points in any given number field is finite by combining Amerik’s theorem for dynamical systems of infinite order with properties of Prokhorov–Shramov’s notion of quasi-minimal models. We also prove a similar result in the geometric setting by using again not only Amerik’s theorem and Prokhorov–Shramov’s notion of quasi-minimal model but also Weil’s regularization theorem for birational self-maps and properties of dynamical degrees. Furthermore, in the geometric setting, we obtain an analogue of Kobayashi–Ochiai’s finiteness result for varieties of general type and thereby generalize Noguchi’s theorem (formerly Lang’s conjecture).
Associations Between IFI44L Gene Variants and Rates of Respiratory Tract Infections During Early Childhood
Authors: Lempainen Johanna , Korhonen Laura S , Kantojärvi Katri , Heinonen Santtu , Toivonen Laura , Räty Panu , Ramilo Octavio , Mejias Asuncion , Laine Antti-Pekka , Vuorinen Tytti , Waris Matti , Karlsson Linnea , Karlsson Hasse , Paunio Tiina , Peltola Ville 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Genetic heterogeneity in type I interferon (IFN)–related gene IFI44L may account for variable susceptibility to respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in children.

Methods
In 2 prospective, population-based birth cohorts, the STEPS Study and the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, IFI44L genotypes for rs273259 and rs1333969 were determined in relation to the development of RTIs until 1 or 2 years of age, respectively. At age 3 months, whole-blood transcriptional profiles were analyzed and nasal samples were tested for respiratory viruses in a subset of children.

Results
In the STEPS Study (n = 1135), IFI44L minor/minor gene variants were associated with lower rates of acute otitis media episodes (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 0.77 [95% confidence interval, .61–.96] for rs273259 and 0.74 [.55–.99] for rs1333969) and courses of antibiotics for RTIs (0.76 [.62–.95] and 0.73 [.56–.97], respectively. In the FinnBrain cohort (n = 971), IFI44L variants were associated with lower rates of RTIs and courses of antibiotics for RTIs. In respiratory virus–positive 3-month-old children, IFI44L gene variants were associated with decreased expression levels of IFI44L and several other IFN-related genes.

Conclusions
Variant forms of IFI44L gene were protective against early-childhood RTIs or acute otitis media, and they attenuated IFN pathway activation by respiratory viruses.