bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparación del manejo temprano versus tardio en pacientes con trauma nasal
Authors: Mora Díaz Carolina , Guzmán Ortiz Kevin Adolfo , Silva Rueda Ricardo , Ordóñez Ordóñez Leonardo Elías 
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Determinar si en pacientes con trauma facial que requieren tratamiento quirúrgico, el manejo tardío de la fractura nasal ofrece porcentajes de éxito diferentes a los ofrecidos por el manejo temprano. Diseño: Estudio tipo cohorte histórica (cohorte retrospectiva). Metodología: Se incluyeron todos los pacientes sometidos a intervención quirúrgica por fractura nasal debido a trauma de guerra. Los pacientes se asignaron a dos grupos de investigación. Grupo I, aquellos que recibieron cirugía temprana y Grupo II aquellos pacientes que recibieron tratamiento luego de tres semanas del trauma. Se calculó un tamaño de muestra de 55 pacientes por grupo. Los pacientes fueron evaluados clínicamente de forma ciega por dos especialistas para determinarl éxito o fracaso quirúrgico. Resultados: Se revisó los registros de historias clínicas de 175 pacientes asistentes al Hospital Militar Central que cumplieron criterios de inclusión, de estos, 32 fueron excluidos y 21 fueron asignados a una prueba piloto inicial. Se analizaron 122 pacientes en total divididos en dos grupos, Grupo I (n=67) y Grupo II (n=55). Evaluación ciega con una alta concordancia interevaluador (kappa =0.98). Se comparó la proporción de éxito quirúrgico entre los dos grupos sin encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas (chi 2 Pearson p=0.97). Conclusión: En el contexto del trauma de guerra, la decisión de llevar a un paciente de trauma nasal a un manejo de forma temprana o tardía dependerá de muchos factores inherentes al conflicto armado. La oportunidad en el manejo quirúrgico según los hallazgos del presente estudio, no interviene en la probabilidad de éxito quirúrgico.
Propiedades antimicrobianas del cobre en tapones nasales de acetato de polivinilo y silicona. Un modelo in vitro de adherencia y supervivencia
Authors: Bravo G , Bahamonde H , Durán C , Alzerreca E , Herrera J 
Published: February 2020

Introducción: Los tapones nasales más utilizados son los compuestos por acetato de polivinilo y silicona, existiendo complicaciones asociadas a su uso, como la cacosmia y el síndrome de shock tóxico, producido por S.aureus, con alta mortalidad. El cobre ha demostrado tener propiedades antimicrobianas en materiales biomédicos. Objetivo: Evaluar las propiedades antimicrobianas del cobre en tapones nasales modificados con cobre, frente a bacterias de la mucosa nasal. Diseño: Estudio Experimental. Materiales y Métodos: Se usó un sistema experimental in vitro utilizando tapones de acetato de polivinilo y silicona con láminas de cobre y sin cobre, que se cultivaron en un medio con cepas de S.aureus meticilino-sensible (SAMS) y S.aureus meticilino-resistente (SAMR). Resultados: Se observó una reducción en el porcentaje de sobrevida bacteriana en los distintos tapones nasales con cobre, respecto a aquellos sin cobre, tanto para los medios inoculados con SAMS y SAMR, los cuales fluctuaron entre un 61% y un 66% para tapones de acetato de polivinilo y entre un 78% y 86% para aquellos tapones siliconados. Conclusión: Se sugiere la incorporación de cobre en tapones nasales, abriéndose un amplio campo de investigación sobre el uso de tapones con cobre y la disminución de complicaciones infecciosas asociadas.
Fisiología coclear
Authors: Ordóñez Ordóñez Leonardo Elías , Mojica Rojas Angela María 
Published: February 2020

El interés por la fisiología y patología del sistema auditivo ha crecido en los últimosaños, y no sin razón, en Estados Unidos grados variables de hipoacusia afectan al doble de la población afectada por ceguera. El sistema auditivo presenta algunascaracterísticas fascinantes en su funcionamiento, la cóclea de los mamíferos, por ejemplo, es capaz de responder a vibraciones de tan solo ±0,3nm, el diámetro de un átomo y de detectar estímulos en humanos de hasta 20 KHz. El propósito delórgano de la audición es transformar la energía sonora en un impulso eléctrico quese transmite por el nervio coclear hacia el Sistema Nervioso Central. Esta revisióndescribe la fisiología coclear haciendo énfasis en la correlación morfofisiológica subyacente, tanto a nivel celular como molecular, intentando seguir la secuencia temporal de eventos mediante la cual un estímulo acústico se traduce en una respuesta neural.
Frecuencia, aspectos clínicos y factores asociados al cáncer de laringe
Authors: Lugo Machado Juan Antonio 
Published: February 2020

Frecuencia, aspectos clínicos y factores asociados al cáncer laríngeoObjetivo: Determinar la frecuencia, aspectos clínicos y factores asociados de cáncer laríngeo. Estudio transversal analítico retrospectivo. Revisamos expedientes de pacientes intervenidos. Las variables cualitativas se calculara frecuencias y porcentajes y para edad promedio y desviación estándar. Se realizó Chi2 para la asociación de factores y obtención de OR como medida de riesgo, Se considerara con significado estadístico cuando p < 0.05. De 144 pacientes, 52 (36%) mujeres y 92 (64%) masculino, promedio de 69 años, positivo para cáncer, 27 (84.3 %) hombres y 5 (15.6%) mujeres. Los pacientes con cáncer el 100 % tenía disfonia, seguida por disnea y disfagia El tabaquismo, tiene una mayor asociación con cancer, diferencia significativa (p= 0.001, OR de 2.2 IC 1.74-2.82 y p= 0.04). Se observó mayor frecuencia de carcinoma epidermoide en pacientes con alcoholismo positivo (p= 0.001, OR 3.5 IC 2.11-6.07). Discusión En nuestra serie encontramos una relación carcinoma de laringe hombre-mujer de 5.4:1 similar a otros autores, la edad promedio fue de 69 años, coincide con las otras partes. El consumo de alcohol y cigarrillos fueron fuertemente asociados, para cáncer La disfonía fue el síntoma más común, seguidos por disnea y disfagia Conclusiones Los resultados son similares a lo encontrado por otros autores, si bien, es importante la detección oportuna, cobra más relevancia hacer medicina preventiva, además de campañas de detección oportuna en pacientes con disfonía prolongada y factores de riesgo
STEM starts early: Views and beliefs of early childhood education stakeholders in Tanzania
Authors: Ndijuye Laurent Gabriel , Tandika Pambas Basilius 
Published: February 2020

For about a decade, Tanzania has intensely focused on developing literacy and numeracy skills in pre-primary and early grades programs. Recently, the attention has shifted towards the significance of teaching Science, Mathematics, Technology and Science (STEM) in the early years. To enhance the 21st century skills necessary for building a middle income and knowledge-based economies, the existing empirical evidence emphasizes the need for STEM education starting from pre-primary level. This paper aims to unpack the state of the STEM education in pre-primary education in Tanzania. By using homogenous purposive sampling, two policy-makers, three ECE academics, eight school principals, and eight pre-primary teachers from rural and urban public schools were recruited. Data were collected by interviews, semi-structured survey questionnaires, and documentary analyses. Though there was consensus among ECE stakeholders that children should be exposed to STEM environments as early as possible, findings indicated that even among ECE practitioners, there is a very vague understanding of what entails of STEM education in ECE. Further, while teachers were aware and guided to facilitate science and mathematics education, they were not aware and there were no specific policy briefs/circular instructions on how to facilitate Technology and Engineering education in ECE. The paper concludes with suggestions on how to integrate STEM in early childhood education, especially for Tanzania.
POLA HUBUNGAN PEMERINTAH PUSAT DAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM OTONOMI DAERAH (Konsepsi dan Dinamikanya)
Authors: Ropii Imam 
Published: February 2020

Bentuk Negara kesatuan merupakan pilihan yang sudah final. Siapapun tanpa kecuali harus setuju dengan formula susunan negara ini tanpa kecuali. Berbagai upaya penguatan untuk meneguhkan bentuk kegara kesatuan telah dilakukan sejak bangsa kita merdeka. Begitu strategis dan mendasarnya persoalan susunan negara ini, maka dalam konstitusi dilakukan melalui pembagian wilayah NKRI ini ke dalam daerah-daerah (provinsi dan kabupaten dan kota) yang memiliki pemerintahan sendiri untuk mengatur dan mengurus urusan pemerintahan yang menjadi wewenangnya melalui asas desentralisasi disamping juga asas dekosentrasi sebagai salah satu karakter dari bentuk Negara kesatuan. Penerapan asas desentralisasi ini merupakan tindaklanjut dari pembagian atas wilayah Indonesia tersebut. pembagian daerah-daerah dan dibentuknya pemerintahan daerah akan melahirkan pemerintahan yang berposisi sebagai pemerintah pusat dan pemerintahan yang berposisi sebagai pemerintahan daerah. Konstelasi penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang demikian akan melahirkan wewenang, hak dan kewajiban dan hubungan antar susunan pemerintahan. Dalam posisi/kedudukan yang demikian akan sangat rentan terjadinya tarik menarik kepentingan dan sangat mungkin terjadinya ketegangan (spanning) jika pola hubungan dan kedudukan yang dibangun kurang tepat dan kurang harmonis. Pemahaman yang baik dan benar atas kedudukan, hak, wewenang serta kewajiban dalam hubungan pusat dan daerah akan memperkuat peneguhan dalam berbangsa dan bernegara melalui sikap saling menghargai dan menghormati keberagaman antar daerah dengan segala potensi dan kekurangan yang dimiliki. Kini rumah besar berupa Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia dan keluarga besar berupa bangsa itu harus dikelola secara benar sesuai dengan kaidah agama, konstitusi, hukum dan berbagai kearifan local yang telah diakui dan dijamin keberadaannya oleh Konstitusi. Kata Kunci : hubungan, pemerintahan, pusat, daerah,
KEWENANGAN KEJAKSAAN SEBAGAI PENYIDIK TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI
Authors: Santoso Sigit Budi 
Published: February 2020

Korupsi sampai saat ini merupakan pekerjaan rumah bagi para penegak hukum termasuk Kejaksaan. Upaya penindakan telah dilakukan, dilengkapi dengan aparat penegak hukumnya, namun akan sulit pelaksanaannya ketika dibenturkan dengan beberapa regulasi yang saling tumpang tidih dengan yang lain yang mengatur mengenai tugas, fungsi dan wewenang masing-masing penegak hukum, dalam hal ini Kejaksaan salah satunya. Fungsi jaksa dalam penindakan tindak pidana korupsi dipertanyakan, ketika didalam KUHAP memisahkan antara fungsi penyidikan dengan fungsi penuntutan. Apakah kejaksaan juga memiliki wewenang sebagai penyidik dalam tindak pidana korupsi atau tidak? Problema ini muncul ketika isi satu aturan menyatakan bahwa kejaksaan tidak memiliki kewenangan sebagai penyidik,, dan aturan lain jaksa dapat saja melakukan penyidikan tindak pidana tertentu, asalkan berdasarkan undang-undang khusus, atau ada undang-undang khusus yang memberikan kewenangan untuk itu. Kepastian hukum mengenai tugas, fungsi dan wewenang Kejaksaan harus ada, dengan demikian diharapkan tidak ada lagi kerancuan maupun kebingungan mengenai kewenangan Kejaksaan dalam tindak pidana korupsi. Kata kunci : Tindak Pidana Korupsi,Kejaksaan,dan wewenang
نظام التعليم المسجدي في الصين
Authors: MA HE  
Published: February 2020

Praise be to Allah and peace and blessings be upon the leader of all the Prophets, upon his descendants, his disciples, and the ones who follow him to the Day of Judgment.

Islam entered China as early as in the first century Hijrah corresponding to the seventh century AD, in the reign of Caliph Othman. From the beginning until current time, ten national minority groups accepted Islam.
Chinese Muslim Community is the second biggest Muslim minority group in the world, but tops the chart when it comes to bearing the hardships for Islam. The Mosque in china not used only for prayer, but also a place for Muslims to learn Islamic knowledge, which has played a significant role in consolidation of faith and alleviating hardships. But unluckily most of foreigner Muslim brothers do not know about Mosque education system in china, that’s why I have chosen this topic to provide basic concept about Mosque education (Madrasa) in china.
Lastly, I hope this small article would be useful and wish the readers might get the most benefits from it. Inshallah!
آیاتِ مجیئت و رحمت کی تشریح میں امام الدلجیؒ کے فنونِ علمیہ کا جائزہ
Authors: Waheed Iqbal  , Dr. Mursal Farman  
Published: February 2020

Communication development has made the world a global village. The modern and art education is lasting in this era. Due to this interacting atmosphere of epistemic collaboration takes place. Hence, only international seminars and interfaith dialogues are considered to be the meaningful. Quran as the root source of seerah explained by various interpreters according to their knowledge taste. Imam addalji (died 947 A.H) also interpreted verses of seerah as well as “al-Shifa̅” text in his famous manuscript (“al-Istif a̅’ libaya̅n Ma ̒ a̅ni̅ al-Shifa̅”) in pure cognitive contents. The following research paper reviews the discussions of cognitive contents described under the interpretation of ayat al majeah and rahmat in his Manuscript.The main objective is to focus the reality that Quran is not against the art education in Fact Quran in itself has a very deep educational and artistic values. They can please the research keenness of human intellectual capacity in best way.
A novel Enterostomula (Platyhelminthes, Prolecithophora) species from two brackish lakes in Japan
Authors: Omi Nao 
Published: February 2020

The genus Enterostomula Reisinger, 1926 belongs to the family Pseudostomidae and comprises generally small and often conspicuously coloured species living on hard bottoms, in gravel and amongst algae. The Pseudostomidae comprises approximately 44 known species from Europe as well as North and South America. Previously, only one species, Allostoma durum, had been recorded in Japan. Known Enterostomula species are predominantly found in marine and brackish habitats.
I collected seaweed and sand samples from two brackish lakes near the coast of Shimane Prefecture, Japan and isolated turbellarians from them. The animals were observed as both living and preserved. Here, I describe a novel Enterostomula species with two dorsal black bands and a thick bursal wall.
Identifying Research Priorities among Patients and Families of Children with Rheumatic Diseases Living in the United States
Authors: Correll Colleen K. , Dave Mitali , Paul Anne F. , Gaizo Vincent Del , Schrandt Suzanne , Partovi Roushanac S. , Morgan Esi M. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo improve the quality and participation in pediatric rheumatology research, patient-prioritized studies should be emphasized. We collaborated with United States–based pediatric rheumatology advocacy organizations to survey patients and caregivers of children with rheumatic diseases to identify what research topics were most important to them.MethodsWe conducted Web-based surveys and focus groups (FG) of patients and caregivers of children with juvenile myositis (JM), juvenile arthritis (JA), and childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE). Surveys were emailed to listservs and posted to social media sites of JM, JA, and cSLE patient advocacy organizations. An initial survey asked open-ended questions about patient/caregiver research preferences. Responses were further characterized through FG. A final ranking survey asked respondents to rank from a list of research themes the 7 most important to them.ResultsThere were 365 JM respondents, 44 JA respondents, and 32 cSLE respondents to the final ranking survey. The top research priority for JM was finding new treatments, and for JA and cSLE, the priority was understanding genetic/environmental etiology. The 3 prioritized research themes common across all disease groups were medication side effects, disease flare, and disease etiology.ConclusionPatient-centered research prioritization is recognized as valuable in conducting high-quality research, yet there is a paucity of data describing patient/family preferences, especially in pediatrics. We used multimodal methodologies to assess current patient/caregiver research priorities to help frame the agenda for the pediatric rheumatology research community. Patients and caregivers from all surveyed disease groups prioritized the study of medication side effects, disease flares, and disease etiology.
Une étude sur les « Justifications des Appréciations » des auditeurs relatives aux estimations liées au goodwill
Authors: Bedard Jean , Disle Charlotte , Gonthier-Besacier Nathalie , Janin Rémi 
Published: February 2020

Cet article vise à examiner la qualité d’audit de 81 sociétés françaises cotées entre 2009 et 2011 en se focalisant sur les paragraphes de Justification Des Appréciations (JDA) présentes dans les rapports d’audit et relatives au goodwill. Cette étude analyse à la fois la qualité informative des JDA (mesure directe) et si les JDA s’accompagnent d’une amélioration de la qualité de l’information financière publiée en matière de goodwill (mesure indirecte). Les auditeurs évoquent quasi systématiquement le goodwill dans leurs JDA et avec des diligences évoquées pertinentes. Mais les contenus des JDA sont souvent similaires, peu substantiels et difficiles à comprendre. Néanmoins, ces JDA sont associées globalement à une meilleure qualité de communication financière sur les tests de dépréciation du goodwill. L’étude semble indiquer que ce type d’ajouts dans le rapport d’audit, plus qu’à apporter directement des informations utiles aux investisseurs, peut inviter les sociétés à améliorer la qualité de leur reporting financier.
Variation in Fork-to-Total Length Relationships of North American Lake Trout Populations
Authors: Hansen Michael J. , Chavarie Louise , Muir Andrew M. , Howland Kimberly L. , Krueger Charles C. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Length of fish species with forked tails, such as the Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush, can be measured as total (TL), fork (FL), or standard (SL) length, although individual studies of such species often rely on only one measurement, which hinders comparisons among studies. To determine if variation in the relationship between FL and TL among Lake Trout populations affected estimates of FL from TL, we compared length relationships within Lake Trout populations sampled in multiple years, among multiple locations within lakes, among lakes, and from all samples from across the species' range. Samples were from across the geographic range of the species and a wide range of lake sizes (1.31–82,100 km2) to represent the full range of variation in abiotic and biotic variables expected to influence the FL:TL relationship. The functional relationship for estimating FL (mm) from TL (mm) was FL = 0.91 × TL − 8.28 and TL from FL was TL = 1.09 × FL + 9.05. Error induced by length conversion was less when using a length relationship from a different year in the same lake than from a different area in the same lake or from a different lake. Estimation error was lowest when using an overall length conversion from across the species' range, which suggests the overall relationship could be used whenever a more accurate length conversion is not available for a population of interest. Our findings should be useful for providing a standardized model for converting FL to TL (and TL to FL) for Lake Trout, such as comparing published findings of different measurement units, converting measurement units by agencies or institutions that change sampling methods over time, or programs that use different sampling methods among areas.
Radiotherapy in Children without Anesthesia: A Feasibility Approach Using Distraction
Authors: Nagarajan Aswin Anapathoor , Radhakrishnan Venkatraman , Ganesharajah Selvaluxmy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Context: Radiotherapy is an important component of treatment of children with cancer. However, delivery of radiotherapy to children is challenging because of the requirement of sedation or anesthesia for immobilization. The present study attempts to highlight our experience of successful delivery of radiotherapy to children with cancer without the use of sedation or anesthesia. Subjects and Methods: The study included pediatric patients <12 years who were treated with radiotherapy at our center between January 2015 and June 2017. Retrospective analysis of patient case records was performed to obtain the treatment details. Results: During the study, 50 children received radiotherapy, among them, 44 (88%) were treated without sedation or anesthesia. The most common diagnosis was acute lymphoblastic leukemia (25%) followed by Ewing’s sarcoma (16%) and rhabdomyosarcoma (14%). About 56% of the children belonged to the age group of 1–5 years and 44% belonged to 6–12 years. The latter age group were cooperative and completed the treatment without anxiety. Although the children belonging to 1–5 years age group had anxiety in the commencement of treatment, they completed it without anesthesia, using distraction techniques. There were no treatment delays or physical trauma sustained due to nonusage of sedation or anesthesia. Conclusions: The study shows that with adequate counseling and use of distraction techniques it is possible to deliver radiotherapy to children without the requirement of anesthesia. This practice will be useful for settings were the availability of staff and equipment for anesthesia is limited.
Role of Stromal Myofibroblasts in the Progression of Oral Lesions from Dysplasia to Invasive Carcinoma
Authors: Khalid Aeman , Siddiqui Safia , Faizi Nafis , Hassan Jowairiah , Nehal Naila , Siddiqui Atiuddin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Concurrent with the conversion of nondiseased epithelial tissue to precancerous epithelium and finally to carcinoma, the stroma also changes from normal-to-primed to tumor-associated reactive stroma. Cancerous cells secrete cytokines that promote differentiation of fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts/myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts are tumor promoting and correlate with poor survival in many cancers. Vimentin expression is noted in epithelial cells of histologically more malignant oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study is to understand the role of tumor microenvironment by analyzing the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in stromal myofibroblasts and to find a possible association between intensity and pattern of myofibroblast expression and progression of oral lesions from mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia to verrucous and invasive carcinomas. Materials and Methods: The study was divided into two groups. Sixty cases of premalignant lesions and 60 cases of OSCC were taken as the study groups. Smooth muscle cells surrounding the blood vessels were taken as positive control (internal control). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for α-SMA was performed for the identification of myofibroblasts. The cases were then assessed for intensity and pattern of myofibroblastic proliferation. IHC for vimentin-positive epithelial cells was also done. Results: Fisher’s exact test and Chi-square test were used. There was an increased α-SMA expression in malignant cases. Few cases of dysplasia showed focal staining pattern, whereas network pattern predominated in invasive carcinomas. Vimentin expression was seen in histologically more malignant OSCC cases and higher number of myofibroblasts was observed in such cases. Conclusion: Myofibroblasts increase as the disease progresses. Network arrangement of myofibroblasts represents higher invasive characteristics and a weaker prognosis.