bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Spacing of Multiple Impellers on Power Input in an Industrial‐Scale Aerated Stirred Tank Reactor
Authors: Fitschen Jürgen , Maly Marc , Rosseburg Annika , Wutz Johannes , Wucherpfennig Thomas , Schlüter Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite the fact that aerated stirred tank reactors are widely used in industry and often studied, their design and scale‐up still remains challenging. Especially the specific power input is a crucial and geometry‐dependent scale‐up parameter, usually calculated with the dimensionless power number Po. Within the scope of this study, the power number is measured for different stirrer types and configurations in a laboratory and an industrial‐scale aerated stirred tank reactor. Good agreements to literature are found for the unaerated case for the two‐stage stirrer configurations at different stirrer spacing for both scales. By literature only the aerated case in the laboratory scale can be predicted. Scale‐up of an aerated industrial‐scale reactor is challenging because of a specific influence of the aeration. In case of a three‐stage Rushton configuration, an asymmetrical distribution of the stirrers should be preferred to ensure a high power number as well as good power performance under aerated conditions.
Adverse respiratory outcomes among head and neck cancer survivors in the Utah Cancer Survivors Study
Authors: Kawakita Daisuke , Abdelaziz Sarah , Chen Yuji , Rowe Kerry , Snyder John , Fraser Alison , Smith Ken , Herget Kimberly , Deshmukh Vikrant , Newman Michael , Monroe Marcus , Hashibe Mia 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe number of head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors has been increasing because of improving survival in the United States. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of respiratory disease diagnoses in HNC survivors in comparison with cancer‐free individuals. A second aim was to investigate risk factors for respiratory disease among HNC survivors.MethodsPatients with HNC diagnosed from 1996 to 2012 were identified in the Utah Cancer Registry (n = 1901). Up to 5 cancer‐free individuals from the general population (n = 7796) were matched to each HNC survivor by birth year, sex, birth state, and follow‐up time. Electronic medical records and statewide health care facility data were used to identify a disease diagnosis after the cancer diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risks of respiratory diseases.ResultsThe median follow‐up times were 4.5 years for HNC survivors and 7.8 years for the general population cohort. The risks of respiratory infection (hazard ratio [HR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40‐1.90), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and bronchiectasis (HR, 2.65; 95% CI, 2.13‐3.29), and aspiration pneumonitis (HR, 6.21; 95% CI, 3.98‐9.68) were higher among HNC survivors than the general population cohort more than 5 years after the cancer diagnosis. Age at diagnosis, baseline body mass index, sex, baseline smoking status, treatment modality, primary site, and stage were associated with the risk of adverse respiratory outcomes among HNC survivors.ConclusionsThe risk of adverse respiratory outcomes was much higher among HNC survivors than the general population cohort. Multidisciplinary care is needed to prevent the occurrence of adverse respiratory outcomes among HNC survivors.
Increased density and age‐related sharing of synapses at the cone to OFF bipolar cell synapse in the mouse retina
Authors: Simmons Aaron B. , Camerino Michael J. , Clemons Mellisa R. , Sukeena Joshua M. , Bloomsburg Samuel , Borghuis Bart G. , Fuerst Peter G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNeural circuits in the adult nervous system are characterized by stable, cell type‐specific patterns of synaptic connectivity. In many parts of the nervous system these patterns are established during development through initial over‐innervation by multiple pre‐ or postsynaptic targets, followed by a process of refinement that takes place during development and is in many instances activity dependent. Here we report on an identified synapse in the mouse retina, the cone photoreceptor➔type 4 bipolar cell (BC4) synapse, and show that its development is distinctly different from the common motif of over‐innervation followed by refinement. Indeed, the majority of cones are contacted by single BC4 throughout development, but are contacted by multiple BC4s through ongoing dendritic elaboration between 1 and 6 months of age—well into maturity. We demonstrate that cell density drives contact patterns downstream of single cones in Bax null mice and may serve to maintain constancy in both the dendritic and axonal projective field.
A model‐based motion capture marker location refinement approach using inverse kinematics from dynamic trials
Authors: Price Mark A. , LaPrè Andrew K. , Johnson Russell T. , Umberger Brian R. , Sup Frank C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMarker‐based motion capture techniques are commonly used to measure human body kinematics. These techniques require an accurate mapping from physical marker position to model marker position. Traditional methods utilize a manual process to achieve marker positions that result in accurate tracking. In this work, we present an optimization algorithm for model marker placement to minimize marker tracking error during inverse kinematics analysis of dynamic human motion. The algorithm sequentially adjusts model marker locations in 3‐D relative to the underlying rigid segment. Inverse kinematics is performed for a dynamic motion capture trial to calculate the tracking error each time a marker position is changed. The increase or decrease of the tracking error determines the search direction and number of increments for each marker coordinate. A final marker placement for the model is reached when the total search interval size for every coordinate falls below a user‐defined threshold. Individual marker coordinates can be locked in place to prevent the algorithm from overcorrecting for data artifacts such as soft tissue artifact. This approach was used to refine model marker placements for eight able‐bodied subjects performing walking trials at three stride frequencies. Across all subjects and stride frequencies, root mean square (RMS) tracking error decreased by 38.4% and RMS tracking error variance decreased by 53.7% on average. The resulting joint kinematics were in agreement with expected values from the literature. This approach results in realistic kinematics with marker tracking errors well below accepted thresholds while removing variance in the model‐building procedure introduced by individual human tendencies.
Characterization and optimization of color attributes chroma (C*) and lightness (L*) in offset lithography halftone print on packaging boards
Authors: Mahajan Madhura P. , Bandyopadhyay Swati 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe outcome of a print in production run plays a crucial role in commercial and packaging printing. In the growing packaging industry, colorfulness and saturated prints with high chroma attract the eye of the consumer. The design and layout of a packaging carton comprise of images that consist of halftones in the print process, which demand attractiveness and visibility using bright colors. In this research, an effort has been made to identify and analyze various parameters involved in offset lithography affecting color attributes of prints. This study also focused on the investigation of the best process conditions that would yield optimum color values through multiresponse factors such as chroma and lightness. A general full‐factorial Design of Experiments (DOE) approach was used to evaluate the effect of prepress parameters such as screen ruling and dot shape and press parameters such ink viscosity and paper smoothness. These parameters were then optimized using a customized response surface design. From the experiment, it was observed that viscosity of the ink was a significant factor that majorly controls the color attributes. The surface smoothness of the paperboard was one of the factors influencing the improvement of color reproduction. A smoother surface makes even contact during ink transfer in the offset printing machine and hence reflects color with a higher chroma. The optimum parameters were as follows: 15 Pa s ink viscosity, 0.77 μm paper smoothness, and 200 lines per inch (lpi) screen ruling that resulted in increasing chroma (C*) in the middle and shadow tones in the halftones.
Dynamic wireless spectrum access using GNU Radio and software‐defined radios
Authors: Regula William M. , Gilbert Jordan M. L. , Sheikh Waseem A. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThis paper presents the design, implementation, and results from a dynamic wireless spectrum access system built using GNU Radio and software‐defined radios (SDRs) as part of an undergraduate senior design project. The project involved designing and implementing a dynamic wireless spectrum access system in which the secondary user (SU) learns the unknown transmission behavior (channel occupancy and time slots) of the primary user (PU) and then opportunistically transmits during time slots and using channels when they are not being used by the PUs. The main design objective was to maximize the throughput of the SU while minimizing the interference to the PU. A transmitted signal energy detection algorithm with an adaptive threshold was employed to set the channel states as occupied or not occupied. Channel state information was used to determine the PU behavior in a deterministic manner such that the unused time slots and channels could be exploited. A channel allocation scheme for the SU is proposed using the PU channel occupancy information to calculate the channel(s) and time slots available to the SU at any given time. Simulation and physical testing of the system validate the proposed algorithms. Students' feedback affirms GNU Radio and SDRs to be an effective platform for introducing abstract mathematical communications theory concepts, such as cognitive radios and dynamic spectrum allocation, in a hands‐on manner.
Dispersal patterns in a medium‐density Irish badger population: Implications for understanding the dynamics of tuberculosis transmission
Authors: Gaughran Aoibheann , MacWhite Teresa , Mullen Enda , Maher Peter , Kelly David J. , Good Margaret , Marples Nicola M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEuropean badgers (Meles meles) are group‐living mustelids implicated in the spread of bovine tuberculosis (TB) to cattle and act as a wildlife reservoir for the disease. In badgers, only a minority of individuals disperse from their natal social group. However, dispersal may be extremely important for the spread of TB, as dispersers could act as hubs for disease transmission. We monitored a population of 139 wild badgers over 7 years in a medium‐density population (1.8 individuals/km2). GPS tracking collars were applied to 80 different individuals. Of these, we identified 25 dispersers, 14 of which were wearing collars as they dispersed. This allowed us to record the process of dispersal in much greater detail than ever before. We show that dispersal is an extremely complex process, and measurements of straight‐line distance between old and new social groups can severely underestimate how far dispersers travel. Assumptions of straight‐line travel can also underestimate direct and indirect interactions and the potential for disease transmission. For example, one female disperser which eventually settled 1.5 km from her natal territory traveled 308 km and passed through 22 different territories during dispersal. Knowledge of badgers' ranging behavior during dispersal is crucial to understanding the dynamics of TB transmission, and for designing appropriate interventions, such as vaccination.
FM‐MAC: A fast‐mobility adaptive MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Hamidi‐Alaoui Zakaria , El Belrhiti El Alaoui Abdelbaki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs a subset of the internet of things, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are increasingly composed of mobile nodes (MNs) to meet the emerging needs. However, nodes mobility presents significant challenges to the design of effective communication protocols, especially at the medium access control (MAC) sublayer. Interestingly, the existing mobility support MAC solutions consider only scenarios requiring slow mobility. Nowadays, some WSN applications require employing high‐speed MNs for some specific tasks. Consequently, the mobility impact is sharp as the existing solutions could no longer guarantee the quality‐of‐service requirements. To deal with high‐speed mobility, we propose in this paper a fast‐mobility adaptive MAC (FM‐MAC) protocol. The FM‐MAC protocol adopts the contention‐based access approach and introduces new mechanisms to enhance both mobility and communication management in WSNs. Our proposal consists of four contributions, ie, (1) an improved algorithm for autonomous mobility‐detection, (2) a new intercluster handover mechanism, (3) a priority‐based contention mechanism prioritizing MNs to access the medium, and finally, (4) a multichannel communication strategy intended to enhance the throughput and communication management aspects. Extensive simulations are conducted to compare FM‐MAC protocol with existing well‐known mobility‐aware MAC protocols. Results and discussion disclose that FM‐MAC performs better in both static and mobile scenarios in terms of reliability, latency, and energy saving. As expected, the advantage of FM‐MAC over its counterparts becomes more evident as the mobility speed increases.
Comparative assessment of chemical compositions, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in ten berries grown in China
Authors: Yu Ran , Chen Liang , Xin Xiulan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBerries have many biological and physiological functions such as antioxidant, antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory, and become a more popular food in China. Water‐soluble polyphenols are their main functional active substances, and aroma components contribute to the flavour. The contents of total phenol and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ten berries grown in Northeast China were determined. Their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were also investigated. Ribes rubrum L. and Rubus glaucus showed a higher antioxidant capacity. Ribes rubrum L. and Lonicera caerulea have a broader antibacterial spectrum. There is a correlation between the content of hydroxyl compounds in radical antioxidant activity. The metabolic pathways of polyphenols and VOCs are correlated, indicating a rapid evaluation of the biological activity of berries using the determination of volatile components.
Spatial dependence model with feature difference
Authors: Cheung Tommy K. Y. , Cheung Simon K. C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a new spatial dependence model with an adjustment of feature difference. The model accounts for the spatial autocorrelation in both the outcome variables and residuals. The feature difference adjustment in the model helps to emphasize feature changes across neighboring units, while suppressing unobserved covariates that are present in the same neighborhood. The prediction at a given unit incorporates components that depend on the differences between the values of its main features and those of its neighboring units. In contrast to conventional spatial regression models, our model does not require a comprehensive list of global covariates necessary to estimate the outcome variable at the unit, as common macro‐level covariates are differenced away in the regression analysis. Using the real estate market data in Hong Kong, we applied Gibbs sampling to determine the posterior distribution of each model parameter. The result of our empirical analysis confirms that the adjustment of feature difference with an inclusion of the spatial error autocorrelation produces better out‐of‐sample prediction performance than other conventional spatial dependence models. In addition, our empirical analysis can identify components with more significant contributions.
Revealing forecaster's preferences: A Bayesian multivariate loss function approach
Authors: Mamatzakis Emmanuel C. , Tsionas Mike G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRevealing the underlying preferences of a forecaster has always been at the core of much controversy. Herein, we build on the multivariate loss function concept and propose a flexible and multivariate family of likelihoods. This allows examining whether a vector of forecast errors, along with control variables, shapes a forecaster's preferences and, therefore, the underlying multivariate, nonseparable, loss function. We estimate the likelihood function using Bayesian exponentially tilted empirical likelihood, which reveals the shape of the parameter and the power of the multivariate loss function. In the empirical section, the reported evidence reveals that the EU Commission forecasts are predominantly asymmetric, leaning towards optimism in the year ahead, while a correction towards pessimism occurs in the current year forecast. There is some variability of this asymmetry across member states, with forecasts, i.e. gross domestic product growth, for large Member States exhibiting more optimism
A green separation mode of synephrine from Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) by nanofiltration technology
Authors: Li Cunyu , Ma Yun , Gu Jiamei , Zhi Xinglei , Li Hemin , Peng Guoping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThermal breakage of alkaloid ingredients was a common problem to which attention should be paid in the application of fruit ingredients separation. In this study, the mathematical models were established to predict the rejection of synephrine from Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae). The experiment showed that there was a linear relationship between operation pressure and membrane flux. Meanwhile, under the influence of solution–diffusion effect and the charge effect, the mass transfer coefficient was power functioned with initial concentration. The mathematical model showed that the predicted rejections of synephrine from Citrus aurantium extract were well approximate to real ones, and the lipid‐lowering active ingredient had effectively enriched. The predicted model of nanofiltration separation has a preferable applicability to synephrine and provides references for nanofiltration separation, especially for raw food materials with synephrine.
GABAergic changes in the thalamocortical circuit in Parkinson's disease
Authors: van Nuland Annelies J. M. , den Ouden Hanneke E. M. , Zach Heidemarie , Dirkx Michiel F. M. , van Asten Jack J. A. , Scheenen Tom W. J. , Toni Ivan , Cools Roshan , Helmich Rick C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractParkinson's disease is characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor. These symptoms have been related to an increased gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory drive from globus pallidus onto the thalamus. However, in vivo empirical evidence for the role of GABA in Parkinson's disease is limited. Some discrepancies in the literature may be explained by the presence or absence of tremor. Specifically, recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings suggest that Parkinson's tremor is associated with reduced, dopamine‐dependent thalamic inhibition. Here, we tested the hypothesis that GABA in the thalamocortical motor circuit is increased in Parkinson's disease, and we explored differences between clinical phenotypes. We included 60 Parkinson patients with dopamine‐resistant tremor (n = 17), dopamine‐responsive tremor (n = 23), or no tremor (n = 20), and healthy controls (n = 22). Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we measured GABA‐to‐total‐creatine ratio in motor cortex, thalamus, and a control region (visual cortex) on two separate days (ON and OFF dopaminergic medication). GABA levels were unaltered by Parkinson's disease, clinical phenotype, or medication. However, motor cortex GABA levels were inversely correlated with disease severity, particularly rigidity and tremor, both ON and OFF medication. We conclude that cortical GABA plays a beneficial rather than a detrimental role in Parkinson's disease, and that GABA depletion may contribute to increased motor symptom expression.
TRPV1 regulates inflammatory process in the tongue of surgically induced xerostomia mouse
Authors: Yoo Min H. , Rhee Yun‐Hee , Jung JaeYun , Lee Sang‐Joon , Moon Jung‐Hwan , Mo Ji‐Hun , Chung Phil‐Sang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of study is to investigate the role of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) on xerostomia‐induced inflammatory response in vivo.MethodsParotid, submandibular, and lingual gland were removed for xerostomia induction. The expression of inflammatory cytokines, TRPV1, NFkB, and MAPK in xerostomia was evaluated and compared in both TRPV1 wild and knockout mice.ResultsThe level of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and IL‐17, neutrophil/CD4 T‐cell infiltration, phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and c‐Jun N terminal kinase, TRPV1, and the localization of NFkB were elevated in xerostomia‐induced TRPV1 wild‐type mice. In contrast, inflammatory cytokines and MAPK were decreased in xerostomia‐induced TRPV1 knockout mice. TRPV1 antagonist treatment also reduced tongue ulceration, neutrophil/CD4+ T‐cell expression, IL‐6, and IL‐17 in TRPV1 wild‐type mice.ConclusionTRPV1 had a crucial role in modulating inflammation in xerostomia and targeting TRPV1 might be a promising therapeutic strategy for xerostomia.
A Microphysiological System for Studying Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Kostrzewski Tomasz , Maraver Paloma , Ouro‐Gnao Larissa , Levi Ana , Snow Sophie , Miedzik Alina , Rombouts Krista , Hughes David 
Published: November 2019

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most severe form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which to date has no approved drug treatments. There is an urgent need for better understanding of the genetic and molecular pathways that underlie NAFLD/NASH, and currently available preclinical models, be they in vivo or in vitro, do not fully represent key aspects of the human disease state. We have developed a human in vitro co‐culture NASH model using primary human hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells, which are cultured together as microtissues in a perfused three‐dimensional microphysiological system (MPS). The microtissues were cultured in medium containing free fatty acids for at least 2 weeks, to induce a NASH‐like phenotype. The co‐culture microtissues within the MPS display a NASH‐like phenotype, showing key features of the disease including hepatic fat accumulation, the production of an inflammatory milieu, and the expression of profibrotic markers. Addition of lipopolysaccharide resulted in a more pro‐inflammatory milieu. In the model, obeticholic acid ameliorated the NASH phenotype. Microtissues were formed from both wild‐type and patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) I148M mutant hepatic stellate cells. Stellate cells carrying the mutation enhanced the overall disease state of the model and in particular produced a more pro‐inflammatory milieu. Conclusion: The MPS model displays a phenotype akin to advanced NAFLD or NASH and has utility as a tool for exploring mechanisms underlying the disease. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in co‐culture the PNPLA3 I148M mutation alone can cause hepatic stellate cells to enhance the overall NASH disease phenotype.