bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on Dietary Behavior Changes&nbsp;in 658 Pregnant&nbsp;Women&nbsp;Before and During Pregnancy&nbsp;in China
Authors: Wang QingWen , Cao XiaoQI , Tian Miao , Li ZhiHong , Guo CaiXia , Cao XinYu , Zhang YiChuan , Bai WenLin , Wang Li 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The extra dietary care women receive after pregnancy, coupled with the effect of their own physiological response during pregnancy, can cause some changes in their dietary habits compared with those before pregnancy. Current studies have mostly focused on detailed foods and specific dietary patterns; less attention has been given to changes in food flavor, cooking methods, and meal frequency before and after pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate these changes in pregnant women in TaiYuan City, China and analyze some possible related factors.Methods A total of 658 pregnant women were asked about their frequency of daily meals, choice of eating at home or out, personal preference for different tastes (salty, spicy, and sweet), cooking methods (frying, braising, sautéing, steaming, and stewing), specific food choices, and other changes in dietary habits before and after pregnancy through a questionnaire. SPSS 24.0 was used for all data statistical analyses. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The choice of salty, spicy, and sweet tastes changed, and the proportion of women who chose lighter flavors after pregnancy increased (P < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between the choice of lighter salty taste and parity (r = 0.142, P = 0.035), that is, pregnant women with more parity were likely to choose a lighter salty taste after pregnancy. By contrast, a negative correlation was found between the choice of lighter spicy taste and age (r = -0.115, P = 0.048), implying that younger pregnant women were likely to choose a lighter spicy taste after pregnancy. In the traditional Chinese cooking methods, compared with pre-pregnancy, the number of pregnant women who chose frying, braising, and sautéing decreased, whereas that of steaming and stewing increased (P < 0.001).Compared with pre-pregnancy, the number of meals every day of pregnant women increased (from 2.85 to 3.09) (P < 0.001), and the frequency of eating at home every week increased (from 4.82 to 5.52) (P < 0.001).Conclusion Overall differences were found in the eating habits of 658 pregnant women before and after pregnancy. Pregnant women with more parity were likely to choose a lighter salty taste, and younger pregnant women were likely to choose a lighter spicy taste.
A model of tension-induced fiber growth predicts white matter organization during brain folding
Authors: Garcia Kara , Wang Xiaojie , Kroenke Christopher 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The past decade has experienced renewed interest in the physical processes that fold the developing cerebral cortex. Biomechanical models and experiments suggest that growth of the cortex, outpacing growth of underlying subcortical tissue (prospective white matter), is sufficient to induce folding. However, current models do not explain the well-established links between white matter organization and fold morphology, nor do they consider dramatic subcortical remodeling that occurs during the period of folding. This study proposes a novel paradigm in which cortical folding induces subcortical fiber growth and organization. Simulations incorporating stress-induced fiber growth indicate that subcortical stresses resulting from folding are sufficient to induce stereotyped fiber organization beneath gyri and sulci. Model predictions are supported by high-resolution ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging of the developing rhesus macaque brain. Results provide support for the theory of cortical growth-induced folding and indicate that mechanical feedback plays a significant role in brain connectivity.
Distinct local and brain-wide networks are activated by layer-specific optogenetic stimulations of motor cortex
Authors: Chan Russell , Asaad Mazen , Edelman Bradley , Lee Hyun Joo , Adesnik Hillel , Feinberg David , Lee Jin Hyung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Primary motor cortex consists of a stack of interconnected but distinct layers, and plays a prominent role in motor control through large-scale networks. However, differential effects of M1 layer-specific functional pathways remain elusive, especially at the macroscopic and mesoscopic scales. Here, we combined layer-specific Cre-driver mouse lines, optogenetics, and fMRI with electrophysiological recordings to identify distinct M1 layer-specific networks. Neuronal activities initiated in L2/3 were mainly confined within M1, while stimulation of L4, L5, and L6 evoked distinct responses in M1 and motor-related subcortical regions, including the striatum and motor thalamus. Although motor cortex has long been considered agranular (without L4), our results structurally, functionally, and neurovascularly confirm the presence of L4. We also find that layer-specific fMRI responses closely couple with laminar electrophysiological recordings. Overall, our results elucidate distinct brain-wide neural archetypes of M1 layer-specific cortical circuits that provide important insights in uncovering the motor system architecture.
WITHDRAWN: Prevention and Management of Compassion Fatigue (CF) in Clinical Nurses: a Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: safa azade , Sabery Farzaneh , Sabery Mahdieh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPrevention and management of compassion fatigue (CF) is one of the most serious issues facing the nursing profession today because CF is a complex phenomenon with many negative and destructive consequences. Given that cultural, religious, and socioeconomic differences can affect nurses’ perception about preventive strategies of CF; this study was conducted to obtain greater understanding about prevention and management strategies of CF among Iranian nurses. MethodsInductive content analysis study was conducted by the method proposed by Elo and Kyngäs. It includes three steps of open coding, creating classes and abstracting it. Purposive sampling was used to select the nurses in Tehran and Kashan (two cities in the center of Iran). Data was gathered by semi-structured interviews from June to October 2020. ResultsThe following two main themes, 5 categories and 13 subcategories were extracted. The labels of themes included "self-care strategies" and "social support strategies ". Self-care strategies consisted of 2 main categories of problem-based strategies and escape/ avoidance strategies. Social support strategies included 3 main categories of family support, organizational support and community support. ConclusionThe results showed that Iranian nurses use self-care strategies and social support strategies to prevent and manage CF; nevertheless, it seemed social support strategies outweighed self-care strategies. As a result, in addition to the importance of family and organizational support, the governmental support is also noticeable, thus, appropriate policy- making and culture-building activities to promote nursing dignity are necessary.
Risk Factors for the Development of Tubo-ovarian Abscesses in Women with Ovarian Endometriosis: A Retrospective Matched Case-control Study
Authors: Gao Yang , Qu Pengpeng , Zhou Yang , Ding Wei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors associated with the development of tubo-ovarian abscesses in women with ovarian endometriosis cysts. Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 176 women: 44 with tubo-ovarian abscesses associated with ovarian endometriosis and 132 age-matched (1:3) patients with ovarian endometriosis but without tubo-ovarian abscesses. Diagnoses were made via surgical exploration and pathological examination. The potential risk factors of tubo-ovarian abscesses associated with ovarian endometriosis were evaluated using univariate analysis. The results (p ≤ 0.05) of these parameters were analyzed using a multivariate model.Results: Five factors were included in the multivariate conditional logistic regression model, including in vitro fertilization, presence of an intrauterine device, lower genital tract infection, spontaneous rupture of ovarian endometriosis cysts, and diabetes mellitus. The presence of a lower genital tract infection (odds ratio 5.462, 95% confidence interval, 1.772–16.839) and spontaneous rupture of ovarian endometriosis cysts (odds ratio 2.572, 95% confidence interval, 1.071–6.174) were found to be statistically significant risk factors for tubo-ovarian abscesses associated with ovarian endometriosis.Conclusions: Of the factors investigated, the occurrence of tubo-ovarian abscesses associated with ovarian endometriosis was found to be associated with genital tract infections and spontaneous rupture of ovarian endometriosis cysts. Our findings indicate that tubo-ovarian abscesses associated with ovarian endometriosis may not be linked to in vitro fertilization as previously thought.
Psychosocial Challenges Faced by Female Health Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Lahore, Pakistan: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Shahbaz Sumbal , Ashraf Muhammad Zeshan , Zakar Rubeena , Fischer Florian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is disseminating rapidly, increasing stress and challenges for health care professionals around the world. This study aims to discover the psychosocial challenges faced by female health care professionals (HCPs) treating COVID-19 patients in Pakistan.Methods: Using an empirical phenomenological methodology, semi-structured telephone-based qualitative interviews were taken from 22 female HCPs who were providing their expertise for COVID-19 patients in tertiary level hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Purposive sampling has been used for recruitment. The interviews were taken from July 20 to August 20, 2020. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.Results: This study discovered the psychosocial challenges faced by female HCPs serving COVID-19 patients. Five themes have been observed in the interviews: psychological concerns of HCPs while treating COVID-19 patients; feelings towards COVID-19 patients; confidence in government, administration and self-reflection; challenges as female HCPs and coping strategies; and finally, future concerns and recommendations. Many of these themes have also been linked with cultural issues, making the results specific for Pakistan.Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, female front-line HCPs have faced immense psychosocial pressure, starting from unsupportive family norms to unwelcoming working environment and insensitive hospital administration. Moreover, rumours among general public, lack of proper training, missing incentives and improper system surveillance had increased the anxiety and stress among HCPs. Hence, legislators are advised to take appropriate actions countrywide in order to improve the still on-going challenges and to support female HCPs in their working environment.
Public Perceptions of the COVID-19 Pandemic Management in Bangladesh: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Joarder Taufique , Khaled Muhammad Nahian Bin , Joarder Mohammad Ainul Islam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSince the emergence of COVID-19 outbreak, the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) has taken various measures to restrict virus transmission and inform the people of the situation. However, success of such measures largely depends on a positive public perception of the government’s ability to act decisively and the transparency of its communication. As the public perceptions of pandemic management efforts by the Bangladeshi health sector decision-makers have never been explored, this gap was addressed in this qualitative study.MethodsAs this qualitative research was conducted during COVID-19 pandemic, data was gathered through seven online mixed-gender focus group discussions involving 50 purposively selected clinicians and non-clinicians. The discussion transcripts were subsequently subjected to conventional content analysis.ResultsThe study participants concurred that, from the outset, decision-makers failed to engage the right kind of experts, which resulted in poor pandemic management that included imposing lockdown in periphery areas without arranging patient transport to the center, declaring certain hospitals as COVID-19 dedicated without preparing the facilities or the staff, and engaging private hospitals in care without allowing them to test the patients for COVID-19 infection. Several participants also commented on ineffective actions on behalf of the GoB, such as imposing home quarantine instead of an institutional one, weak point-of-entry screening, corruption, miscommunication, and inadequate private sector regulation.Perception of the people regarding service providers is that they lacked responsiveness (i.e., addressing the social needs of the patients) in providing COVID-19 treatment, with some doctors misleading the public by sharing misinformation on social and mainstream media. They also cited involvement of some doctors in running unauthorized testing centers, and promoting unproven medicines.Service providers, on the other hand, observed that decision-makers failed to provide them with proper training, PPE and workplace security, which has resulted in a high number of deaths among medical staff.ConclusionsThe Bangladeshi health sector decision-makers should learn from their mistakes to prevent further unnecessary loss of life and long-term economic downturn. They should adopt a science-based response to COVID-19 pandemic in the short term, while striving to develop a more resilient health system in the long run.
Practical Application of Network Multimedia Courseware in College Basketball Teaching
Authors: Chen Wengang , Wang Fang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With the continuous development of my country's sports industry, many drawbacks have appeared in traditional basketball teaching. This research mainly discusses the practical application of network multimedia courseware in college basketball teaching. Multimedia courseware teaching plan Multimedia courseware teaching plan consists of at least four parts: teaching content, teacher guidance, student learning and multimedia courseware. In the example of this study, FlashMX2004 is used to complete the multimedia courseware of basketball tactics basic teaching. The whole courseware is easy to embed in the webpage and is suitable for wireless network transmission on the Internet. Use the scanner to scan the text part into the computer, recognize it with Hanwang HWOCR5.0 recognition software, and edit it in Word. Use the video processor and audio processor of Kingsoft Hasee II to convert the VCD to the .avi video file format, use Windowsmoviemaker to edit and integrate the edited film, and finally import the required materials into Flash as needed to make the courseware . In order to ensure the correctness and effectiveness of the basic actions in the courseware, the empirical validity evaluation method is adopted, and the validity of the courseware content is tested. After the teaching experiment, in order to test the basic knowledge of basketball tactics and the theoretical knowledge of the two groups of students, a test of the theoretical knowledge of basketball tactics was carried out. The experimental group had 22 people with a score of 90 or more accounted for 27.5%, and the control group had 13 people with a score of 90 or more accounted for 16.5%. The results show that multimedia computer-assisted teaching has a positive role in cultivating students' interest in learning.
Building an Indoor Air Quality Monitoring System Based on the Architecture of the Internet of Things
Authors: Sung Wen-Tsai , Hsiao Sung-Jung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With rapidly changing technology, people have more and more requirements for thermal comforts regarding indoor temperature, humidity, and wind speed, and pay more attention to air quality. Indoor air quality has serious effects on the elderly, children, and those with respiratory allergies. Based on the architecture of the Internet of Things (IoT) smart home, this study constructed an indoor air quality monitoring system to explore how people can live in an environment with good air quality. Among the numerous air quality indices (AQIs), the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) index and AQI of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) are selected as the indices suitable for this study. The common points of the two indices are combined, and then, based on the data of the Environmental Protection Administration, indoor and outdoor environmental parameters are analyzed, and controllable environment variables are simulated to analyze their effects on air quality. This study designed effective load control using fuzzy control and developed a fuzzy rule base for simulation of the environment variables. Decision logic was used to replace the threshold control of indoor air quality (IAQ) in the past, and a comfortable air quality monitoring system was designed by combining the Arduino Uno development board and E ESP8266 Wi-Fi wireless transmission modules.
Enhancing the Performance of Downlink NOMA Relaying Networks by RF Energy Harvesting and Data Buffering at Relay
Authors: Thang Nguyen Nhu , Hoang Tran Manh , Nguyen Ba Cao , Tran Phuong T. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recently, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been considered as a promising candidate for next-generation mobile communications because it can significantly improve the spectral efficiency of wireless networks. In this paper, we investigate a novel solution to enhance the reliability and the supply stability of a downlink NOMA relaying networks, in which we integrate two techniques: (i) simultaneous wireless information and power transfer, i.e. the relay node can harvest the energy from source signals and use this energy to help forward information from source node to two user nodes; and (ii) data buffer aid at relay node, i.e. the data packets received from the source can be stored in a buffer and then be re-transmitted to the destination nodes only when the channel condition is good. The performance of the proposed system is analyzed rigorously to derive the system outage probability and the average packet delay. Furthermore, a power allocation optimization problem to minimize the outage probability is formulated and solution to this problem is also provided in this paper. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to verify the analytical results, which confirms that with the data buffer at the relay, the overall outage probability (OOP) has been reduced significantly.
Research on Cluster Overlap and Non-overlap Region for 5G-IoV Networks with NOMA
Authors: Gu Jinyuan , Zhang Guoan , Lv Haibin , Duan Wei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As a multi hop self-organizing network, wireless sensor network (WSN) has the ability to cooper- atively sense, collect and process the information of the sensed objects. The applications of WCN in 5G-based Internet of V ehicles (5G-IoV), using information fusion and intelligent information processing technologies, can obtain more reliable and accurate detection parameters, which has been widely concerned. However, the massive connectivity and information exchange in 5G-IoV pose great challenges to the bandwidth efficiency. In order to overcome these issues in 5G-IoV networks, a performance enhanced scheme based on non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is proposed. In the proposed scheme, different vehicle locations are respectively discussed, i.e., whether in the overlap region of cluster head vehicles (CHVs). In particular, different to conventional works, each receiving node only decodes the desired signal to avoid performance loss provided from the poor channel quality limitation.On the other hand, all CHVs decode-and-forward (DF) new superposition coded signals with new power allocation factors, while that the maximum ratio combining (MRC) is utilized at receivers to further improve the ergodic sum-rate (SR) and probability of conflict. The closed-form expressions of ergodic SR for our proposed scheme are analyzed under the independent Rayleigh fading channels. Numerical results corroborating our theoretical analysis show that the superposition coded signal transmission scheme applied to the proposed NOMA-IoV improves the ergodic SR performance significantly compared with the existing works, especially for the high signal-to-noise (SNR) region.
Clinicopathological Features of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection, Microsatellite Instability,&nbsp;Tumor Mutation Burden&nbsp;and PD-L1 Status in Chinese Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Yinkui , Lin Dongmei , Wang Dongliang , Zhou Lixin , Wu Aiwen , Li Ziyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Gastric cancer (GC) is the 4th most common type of cancer worldwide. Different GC subtypes have unique molecular features that may have different therapeutic methods. The aim of the present study was to investigate Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, microsatellite instability (MSI) status, the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and gene mutations in GC patients. Methods: The data of 2,504 GC patients, who underwent curative gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy at Peking University Cancer Hospital between 2013 and 2018, were reviewed. We analyzed the clinicopathological factors associated with the immunohistochemistry (IHC) profiles of these patients, and genetic alterations were analyzed using next generation sequencing (NGS). Results: Mismatch repair-deficient (d-MMR) GC patients were found to have a higher probability of expressing PD-L1 (p<0.001, PD-L1 cutoff value = 1%). In addition, 4 and 6.9% of the 2,504 gastric cancer patients were EBV-positive and d-MMR, respectively. The number of MLH1/PMS2-negative cases was 126 (6%), and the number of MSH2/MSH6-negative cases was 14 (0.9%). d-MMR status was associated with a diffuse/mixed group (p<0.05), but not with tumor differentiation. Furthermore, MSI and d-MMR GC status (detected by NGS and IHC, respectively) were consistently high, and the rate of MSI was higher in patients with d-MMR GC. A number of genes associated with DNA damage repair were detected in GC patients with MSI, including POLE, ETV6, BRCA and RNF43. In patients with a high tumor mutation burden, the most significantly mutated genes were LRP1B (79.07%), ARID1A (74.42%), RNF43 (69.77%), ZFHX3 (65.12%), TP53 (58.14%), GANS (51.16%), BRCA2 (51.16%), PIK3CA (51.16%), NOTCH1 (51.16%), SMARCA4 (48.84%), ATR (46.51%), POLE (41.86%) and ATM (39.53%). Conclusions: Using IHC and NGS, MSI status, protein expression, TMB and genetic alterations were identified in patients with GC, which provides a theoretical basis for the future clinical treatment of GC.