bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clostridioides difficile in national food surveillance, Slovenia, 2015 to 2017
Authors: Tkalec Valerija , Jamnikar-Ciglenecki Urska , Rupnik Maja , Vadnjal Stanka , Zelenik Katja , Biasizzo Majda 
Published: April 2020

Background

Clostridioides difficile is an important human and animal intestinal pathogen. Because of increasing indications of an association between C. difficile and food, in 2015, the Administration of the Republic of Slovenia for Food Safety, Veterinary Sector and Plant Protection (UVHVVR) included C. difficile in its national food surveillance.

Aim
We aim to report the results and experience with a nationwide and long-term testing of food for C. difficile as a part of a regular national food surveillance programme.

Methods
Retail minced meat and meat preparations (beef, pork and poultry) were sampled within a three-year period, 2015 to 2017. Selected raw retail vegetables, leaf salads and root vegetables, and ready-to-eat salads were only sampled during 2016 and 2017. Seafood was only sampled in 2017.

Results
Altogether, 434 samples were tested, with 12 of 336 (3.6%) meat samples and 6 of 98 (6.1%) raw vegetables contaminated with C. difficile. Twelve of 18 recovered food isolates were toxigenic (toxinotypes 0, III, V, XII). The isolates belonged to 13 different PCR ribotypes, 001 being most common (5 isolates). Several food types with an increased potential of being contaminated with C. difficile were detected by surveillance.

Conclusion
The three-year C. difficile testing within the national food surveillance revealed a low proportion of C. difficile-contaminated food and high genotype variability. Because the risk of C. difficile infection associated with C. difficile-contaminated food is unknown, no measures were recommended in the case of positive results.
Epidemiological characteristics of the first 53 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 epidemic in Hong Kong, 13 February 2020
Authors: Kwok Kin On , Wong Valerie Wing Yu , Wei Wan In , Wong Samuel Yeung Shan , Tang Julian Wei-Tze 
Published: April 2020

Background
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, first appeared in China and subsequently developed into an ongoing epidemic. Understanding epidemiological factors characterising the transmission dynamics of this disease is of fundamental importance.

Aims
This study aimed to describe key epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 in Hong Kong.

Methods
We extracted data of confirmed COVID-19 cases and their close contacts from the publicly available information released by the Hong Kong Centre for Health Protection. We used doubly interval censored likelihood to estimate containment delay and serial interval, by fitting gamma, lognormal and Weibull distributions to respective empirical values using Bayesian framework with right truncation. A generalised linear regression model was employed to identify factors associated with containment delay. Secondary attack rate was also estimated.

Results
The empirical containment delay was 6.39 days; whereas after adjusting for right truncation with the best-fit Weibull distribution, it was 10.4 days (95% CrI: 7.15 to 19.81). Containment delay increased significantly over time. Local source of infection and number of doctor consultations before isolation were associated with longer containment delay. The empirical serial interval was 4.58–6.06 days; whereas the best-fit lognormal distribution to 26 certain-and-probable infector–infectee paired data gave an estimate of 4.77 days (95% CrI: 3.47 to 6.90) with right-truncation. The secondary attack rate among close contacts was 11.7%.

Conclusion
With a considerable containment delay and short serial interval, contact-tracing effectiveness may not be optimised to halt the transmission with rapid generations replacement. Our study highlights the transmission risk of social interaction and pivotal role of physical distancing in suppressing the epidemic.
Serological assays for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), March 2020
Authors: Perera Ranawaka APM , Mok Chris KP , Tsang Owen TY , Lv Huibin , Ko Ronald LW , Wu Nicholas C , Yuan Meng , Leung Wai Shing , Chan Jacky MC , Chik Thomas SH , Choi Chris YC , Leung Kathy , Chan Kin Ho , Chan Karl CK , Li Ka-Chi , Wu Joseph T , Wilson Ian A , Monto Arnold S , Poon Leo LM , Peiris Malik 
Published: April 2020

Background
The ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has major impacts on health systems, the economy and society. Assessing infection attack rates in the population is critical for estimating disease severity and herd immunity which is needed to calibrate public health interventions. We have previously shown that it is possible to achieve this in real time to impact public health decision making.

Aim
Our objective was to develop and evaluate serological assays applicable in large-scale sero-epidemiological studies.

Methods
We developed an ELISA to detect IgG and IgM antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We evaluated its sensitivity and specificity in combination with confirmatory microneutralisation (MN) and 90% plaque reduction neutralisation tests (PRNT90) in 51 sera from 24 patients with virologically confirmed COVID-19 and in age-stratified sera from 200 healthy controls.

Results
IgG and IgM RBD ELISA, MN and PRNT90 were reliably positive after 29 days from illness onset with no detectable cross-reactivity in age-stratified controls. We found that PRNT90 tests were more sensitive in detecting antibody than MN tests carried out with the conventional 100 tissue culture infectious dose challenge. Heparinised plasma appeared to reduce the infectivity of the virus challenge dose and may confound interpretation of neutralisation test.

Conclusion
Using IgG ELISA based on the RBD of the spike protein to screen sera for SARS-CoV-2 antibody, followed by confirmation using PRNT90, is a valid approach for large-scale sero-epidemiology studies.
Nutritional Value of Cookies made from the mixture of Mocaf flour (Modified Cassava Flour) and Ketapang seeds (Terminalia catappa L.)
Authors: Yenrina Rina , Anggraini Tuty , Kadri Annesa 
Published: April 2020

Efforts in developing food products continue to be carried out such as utilizing local commodities so that non-wheat flour processing can be used as a substitute for making food products in order to overcome dependence on wheat flour. One such effort is to make cookies from local ingredients, modified cassava flour known as MOCAF (Modified cassava flour). This research was aimed to determine the effective mixture of Mocaf flour and ketapang seed on the characteristic of cookies based on nutritional value. The research design used a completely randomized design (CRD), with 5 treatments and 3 replications. This data was analyzed with ANOVA (analysis of variance) and if the data was significantly different analyzed continued with Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at the level 5%. The treatments used were A (100% Mocaf flour : 0% Ketapang seed), B (90% Mocaf flour : 10% Ketapang seed), C (80% Mocaf flour : 20% Ketapang seed), D (70% Mocaf flour : 30% Ketapang seed), E (60% Mocaf flour : 40% Ketapang seed). The results showed that the Mocaf flour and ketapang seed comparison significantly influenced the protein content, fat content, energy, texture, free fatty acid, and carbohydrate content, but not significantly affect moisture content and ash content.
KEMAMPUAN SISWA MEMECAHKAN MASALAH HUKUM-HUKUM DASAR KIMIA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING
Authors: Laliyo Lukman A.R. , Kau Mian , La Kilo Jafar , La Kilo Akram 
Published: April 2020

The purpose of research was to determine the problem solving skill of basic chemical laws at tenth-grade senior high school of through the application of guided inquiry learning models. The ability is known through a three tier multiple choice diagnostic test. This research was an experimental quasi with pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of 107 students consisting of 56 experimental class and 51 control class. Based on the results of the calculation of the F test that F count> F table (10.72> 3.93) with α = 0.05. This means that there was an influence of the application of the guided inquiry learning model to students' ability to solve problems in the basic laws of chemistry. 70.71% of students in the experimental class can understand the problem, plan the solution, carry out the solution, and re-examine the results of the problem solving. Meanwhile, control class students were unable to solve very high problems, namely 24.5% students..
The Narrative about the History of the Shenekhen Buryats
Authors: Badmaeva L. B. 
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the narrative written by Bodongut Abida about the history of the emigration of the Aga Buryats to China at the beginning of the XX century, which was of an economic and ethno-protective nature. The aim of this research is to introduce into scientific circulation a new document on the history of Buryat emigration. In the Soviet historiography until now days, it was customary to keep silent about the emigration of the Buryats to China. The main attention is focused on the content of the written monument in the Old Mongolian script. The structure of the work is considered. For the first time is given the biographical information about Bodongut Abida. The data used for this research were taken from this document and the Buryat chronicles written in Old Mongolian script in XIX century. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the process of loss of the native language and the ethnic identity among the Buryats of China received significantly less development than the Buryat ethnos in Russia. The empirical material shows that the one of the most important factors in the consolidation of the ethnic group and the ethnic identity of the Shenekhen Buryats is the language, the possession of the Mongolian script, which is the traditional letter of the Mongolian peoples. Besides the sense of national pride and national self-awareness, as well as the factor of the compact settlement of the ethnos in the dominant Mongolian-speaking environment are the factors of their consolidation. In addition, the present state of the language and culture of the Shenekhen Buryats is presented, based on the expedition materials of the author of this paper.
The Effect of Probing – Prompting Technique on Reading Achievement
Authors: Putri Rizqi Nadia , Taufiqulloh Taufiqulloh , Sulistianingsih Endang 
Published: April 2020

<p class="AbstractText">The fact that most of the students in Junior High School are lack of vocabulary, lazy in reading a long text and low motivation in reading textbooks can be solved by choosing an appropriate method in teaching reading. The aimed of this research was to find out whether the probing-prompting technique was effective for the students' reading achievement. The word “Probing” means research and explore, meanwhile “prompting” means push and guide. In probing-prompting, students are required to answer the question by their own words or sentences. Two groups design was applied, and the participants were eighth students of Junior High School in Tegal. We used reading testing in collecting the data, pre and post-test were conducted. And the data analysis calculated using SPSS program. Based on data analysis using an independent sample t-test, it was revealed that the t-test was higher than t-table (4.332&gt;1.672). We state a conclusion; the use of probing prompting technique is effective because students who taught using probing-prompting technique perform better achievement on reading.</p><p> </p>
Teachers’ Strategies to Implement Higher-Order Thinking Skills in English Instruction
Authors: Djami Christian Bernard Nichols , Kuswandono Paulus 
Published: April 2020

<p class="AbstractText">This study investigated English teachers’ strategies to implement HOTS (Higher-Order Thinking Skills) during the learning process. To prepare students for education 4.0, Indonesian government has mandated that HOTS are taught in every level of education. The research aimed to discover how English teachers implemented HOTS in their teaching strategies. HOTS are promoted in the 2013 curriculum in which English teachers should develop their strategies to implement these skills through student-centered learning instead of teacher-centered learning that may be a common phenomenon for teachers in Indonesia. The participants of the study were fifteen senior high school English teachers in Salatiga, and five of whom were interviewed and observed. The data were obtained through questionnaire, interview, and observation. The data analysis involved counting the percentage for the questionnaire and reading collected transcripts from the interviews and the observation notes. The data analysis was processed using descriptive statistics for the questionnaire and coding for eliciting the transcripts and observation notes. The results of the study showed that the effective teaching strategies in using HOTS were asking open-ended questions and encouraging students to give their critical opinion, while also acting as a facilitator.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p> </p>
The Context Meaning of Deixis in Soundtracks Lyric of the Greatest Showman Movie
Authors: Nisa Baiatun , Asi Arinta Geby , Sari Sulhizah Wulan 
Published: April 2020

<p>Deixis is one of the important studies in pragmatics. It is a word or phrase that can refer to a person, place, or time in the speakers' utterance. Usually, each deixis has a different function. That function relies on the context of deixis both implicitly and explicitly. Then, the objective of this research is to find the types of deixis and divulge the function which is applied in the speaker utterance. The writers used the descriptive qualitative method to analyze deixis in the two soundtracks lyric of <em>The Greatest Showman</em> movie, they are <em>the greatest show</em><em> and</em> <em>This is me</em>. The results of the analysis found that there are five types of deixis in the two lyrics; person deixis, spatial deixis, temporal deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis. The functions showed that deixis provides the information and gives a reference to the deixis word. This analysis is important to understand the speaker's intends in the song by the use of context deixis.</p>
"Estudios en homenaje a Luis Ángel Rojo" (Recensión)
Authors: Rodero Franganillo Adolfo 
Published: April 2020

Recensión de la obra: PÉREZ FERNÁNDEZ, José, SEBASTIÁN GASCÓN, Carlos y TEDDE DE LORCA, Pedro. (eds.) (2004), Estudios en homenaje a Luis Ángel Rojo, Madrid, Universidad Complutense, 694 pp. (vol. I) y 414 pp. (vol. II).
Reseñas
Authors: Montero Simó Marta , Romero Rodríguez, S.I. José Juan , Rodero Franganillo Adolfo , Ariza Montes José Antonio , Porras Castillo Alfonso 
Published: April 2020

Reseñas de las obras:
PANIAGUA ZURERA, Manuel (2005), La sociedad cooperativa. Las sociedades mutuas de seguros y las mutualidades de previsión social, Madrid, Marcial Pons, 427 pp.
SALINAS RAMOS Fernando, HERRANZ DE LA CASA, José María y ALBARRÁN FERNÁNDEZ, Concepción (coords.) (2005), Desarrollo rural y economía social: situación, debates y retos, Ávila, Universidad Católica de Ávila (Colección Economía Social, nº 11), 401 pp. / SALINAS RAMOS, Fernando, HERRANZ DE LA CASA, José María y ALBARRÁN FERNÁNDEZ, Concpeción (coords.) (2005), Aportaciones de la economía social al desarrollo rural en Iberoamérica y España, Ávila, Universidad Católica de Ávila (Colección Economía Social, nº 12), 377 pp.
GRANDE YÁÑEZ, Miguel (en colaboración con ALMOGUERA, Joaquín, y JIMÉNEZ ESCOBAR, Julio) (2006), Ética de las profesiones jurídicas, Bilbao, Desclée de Brouwer, 264 pp.
REVERTER BAÑÓN, Sonia (2006), Europa a través de sus ideas, Bilbao, Desclée de Brouwer, 324 pp.
TRECHERA HERREROS, José Luis (2004), Como gota de agua. La psicología aplicada a las organizaciones, Bilbao, Desclée de Brouwer, 336 pp.
SIX, Jean–François (2005), Los mediadores, Santander, Sal Terrae, 127 pp.
El debate territorial español a comienzos del siglo XXI
Authors: Porras Nadales Antonio J. 
Published: April 2020

La conﬁguración del sistema territorial español se fundamenta en la Constitución de 1978 que, además de regular el sistema autonómico en su Título VIII, establece un modelo de estado social ajustado a los sistemas democráticos contemporáneos, donde se priorizan ciertos valores superiores como los de igualdad y solidaridad.
La consistente evolución del modelo territorial a lo largo de un cuarto de siglo ha generado un sistema de perﬁles federales donde las Comunidades Autónomas se sitúan en una posición de igualdad. El contexto de crisis del estado social y su sistema de valores en el mundo contemporáneo, deriva en una emergencia de egoísmos colectivos que tienen su proyección en la escala territorial; pero su incorporación al sistema español requeriría la reforma de la Constitución al afectar al poder constituyente democrático.
"Integración Regional y Desarrollo, Banco Mundial y Alfaomega colombiana" (Recensión)
Authors: Caldentey del Pozo Pedro , Casas Gragea Ángel M. 
Published: April 2020

Recensión de la obra: SCHIFF, Maurice y WINTERS, L. Alan (2004), Integración Regional y Desarrollo, Banco Mundial y Alfaomega colombiana, 321 pp.
Financiación empresarial mediante salida a bolsa:
Authors: De Vicente Lama Marta 
Published: April 2020

La Bolsa de Valores representa una alternativa de ﬁnanciación y una vía de crecimiento para las empresas que deciden cotizar en ella. Las razones que suelen motivar que una empresa salga a bolsa son diversas, pero en cualquier caso se beneﬁciará de las ventajas que reporta la cotización en el mercado a pesar de los inconvenientes a los que se puede enfrentar. El diseño de la operación previa a la salida a bolsa (OPV) inﬂuirá decisivamente en el éxito de la misma. Asimismo la cotización en el mercado de valores representa para el potencial inversor una garantía de solvencia y de continuidad pero también una garantía de transparencia reforzada por la necesidad de cumplir con los Códigos de Buen Gobierno.
"Pedro Arrupe, General de la Compañía de Jesús. Nuevas aportaciones a su biografía"
Authors: Rodero Franganillo Adolfo 
Published: April 2020

Recension de la obra de: LA BELLA, Gianni (ed.) (2007) Pedro Arrupe, General de la Compañía de Jesús. Nuevas aportaciones a su biografía, Santander – Bilbao, Sal Terrae – Mensajero, 1077 pp.
"Los orígenes de las ﬁnanzas. Las innovaciones que crearon los modernos mercados de capitales"
Authors: Rodero Franganillo Adolfo 
Published: April 2020

Recensión de la obra de: GOETZMANN, William N. y ROUWENHORST, Geert (2006) Los orígenes de las ﬁnanzas. Las innovaciones que crearon los modernos mercados de capitales, Madrid, Empresa global (Escuela de Finanzas Aplicadas), 469 pp
"Atlas digital de la España universitaria. Bases para la planiﬁcación estratégica de la enseñanza superior"
Authors: Rodero Franganillo Adolfo 
Published: April 2020

Reseña de la obra de: REQUES VELASCO, Pedro, dir. (2006) Atlas digital de la España universitaria. Bases para la planiﬁcación estratégica de la enseñanza superior, Bilbao, Universidad de Cantabria y Banco de Santander, 109 pp. y CD–ROM.
Administration of garlic and neem in broiler diet for safe meat production
Authors: Islam R , Hossain MM , Nargis F , Hossain ME 
Published: April 2020

This study was conducted to observe the effect of different administration method of garlic and neem on growth performances, feed efficiency and serum biochemical parameters for safe broiler production. The experiment was done for a period of 32 days with 384 one-day-old straight run broiler chicks. The broiler chicks were divided into six groups each of 64 birds and replicated to four subgroups each of 16 birds. The dietary groups were; control (basal diet; no additives), antibiotic (basal diet + antibiotic), garlic in feed (basal diet + 0.25% garlic powder), garlic in water (basal diet + garlic extracts), neem in feed (basal diet + 0.25% neem powder) and neem in water (basal diet + neem extracts). Results showed that the body weight and body weight gain increased significantly (P<0.05) in both the garlic and neem groups compared to the control group. Feed intake was not different (P>0.05) among the treatment groups. Garlic in feed and water and neem in feed groups showed better FCR (P<0.05) compared to the other treatment groups. There were no significant (P>0.05) difference in meat yield, bone development and dressing parameters except head and gizzard in different dietary groups. Supplementation of garlic with feed and water significantly (P<0.05) decrease cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL compared to the other groups. However, both the garlic and neem groups showed numerically higher HDL compare to the control group. There were no 0significant (P>0.05) differences in serum glucose and GPT among different treatment groups. GOT was significantly (P<0.05) lower in neem groups than that of garlic and antibiotic groups. Additive groups showed higher profitability than control group. Based on the results of the study, it may be suggested that the garlic and neem could be used both in feed and water as potential feed additives for safe broiler production.
Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (2): 116-126
Existing feeding practices and production performance of lactating buffaloes in selected agro-climatic zones of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman SMR , Islam MN , Rashid MH , Sarker NR , Siddiki MSR , Bari MS , Islam MA 
Published: April 2020

A study was conducted to observe the existing feeding practices, nutritional supply and production performance of the lactating buffaloes in some selected agro-climatic zones of Bangladesh, viz. Bhola (AEZ-18, Coastal area), Mymensingh (AEZ-22, River basin area) and Dinajpur (AEZ-27, Drought area). Data on availability, amount and types of feeds and fodders fed to the lactating buffaloes, body weight, milk yield and quality and lactation length were collected from 30 farmers of the each selected locations. In this investigation, the mostly used feed ingredients found were rice straw, locally available green grasses, wheat bran, broken maize, mustard oil cake and broken rice. Total feed supply (DM kg/h/d) to lactating buffaloes were 17.4, 14.5 and 13.0 in coastal, river basin and drought areas, respectively, (p>0.05). But significantly (p = 0.000) different amount (DM kg/h/d) of concentrate were supplied in coastal (1.5), river basin (1.8) and drought (2.7) areas. The highest amount (kg/h/d) of green grass was supplied in coastal area (5.0) followed by river basin area (4.3) and drought area (1.3). Accordingly, amount (kg/d) of DCP and TDN were supplied was higher in coastal area (0.365 and 6.417, respectively) than that of the river basin and drought areas (0.247-0.248 and 5.501-5.891, respectively), which were below their requirements. Significantly (p=0.000) larger lactating buffaloes were found in the river basin and drought areas (weighed 372–380 kg/h) than that of coastal area (242 kg/h). The average daily milk yield was found significantly highest (p=0.000) in the drought area (5.3 L/d) which was 1.4 L and 3.1L more than that of the river basin and coastal area, respectively. The 4% FCM yield was found two times more (p=0.000) in drought area (7.7 kg/d) than that of the coastal (3.1 kg/d) and river basin (3.6 kg/d) area. On the other hand, the significantly (p=0.000) highest lactation length and lactation yield were 294 d and 1085 L, in the river basin area, which were 189 d and 1007 L in drought area and 197d and 429 L in coastal area, respectively. Among the milk constituents, protein, ash and lactose content was found higher in drought area than that of the other two areas (p=0.001). In conclusion, the prevailing variations are evidently considerable. Therefore, suggesting further works for large scale baseline data regarding buffalo populations, nutritive quality of feeds and fodder, effectiveness of existing management tools and adoption of new technologies.
Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (2): 127-138