bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fate of Forearc Lithosphere at Arc‐Continent Collision Zones: Evidence From Local Earthquake Tomography of the Sunda‐Banda Arc Transition, Indonesia
Authors: Supendi P. , Nugraha A. D. , Widiyantoro S. , Abdullah C. I. , Rawlinson N. , Cummins P. R. , Harris C. W. , Roosmawati N. , Miller M. S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new 3‐D seismic P wave velocity model of the Sunda‐Banda Arc Transition from local earthquake tomography reveals (i) northward subduction of oceanic lithosphere, associated with the convergence of Australia and Sundaland, as a high‐velocity zone extending down to ~200 km depth; (ii) two distinct low‐velocity zones, one immediately above the slab, which is likely a zone of partial melt, and one in the 0–40 km depth range, which is probably a magma chamber associated with active volcanoes above; and (iii) a northerly dipping high‐velocity zone that bisects the two low‐velocity anomalies, which we interpret as an underthrust forearc sliver of continental origin. Based on He3/He4 measurements from volcanic outflows, it is possible that the magma supply is contaminated by interaction with this forearc sliver as it ascends from the melt region below.
Different Responses of Tropical Cyclone Tracks Over the Western North Pacific and North Atlantic to Two Distinct Sea Surface Temperature Warming Patterns
Authors: Zhao Jiuwei , Zhan Ruifen , Wang Yuqing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHow future tropical cyclone (TC) activity could change under global warming is enormously important to society, which has been widely assessed using state‐of‐the‐art climate models. However, these models were predominantly based on projection of an El Niño‐like warming pattern. Recent studies suggested that a La Niña‐like warming pattern is also possible. Here we compare the responses of TC track density (TCTD) over the western North Pacific and North Atlantic to the two distinct global warming patterns. We find that the La Niña‐like warming pattern reduces western North Pacific TCTD except in the South China Sea and along China coast and increases NA TCTD, while the El Niño‐like warming pattern generally reduces TCTD in both basins. This is due to different responses of large‐scale dynamic/thermodynamic conditions to the distinct zonal sea surface temperature gradients associated with the two warming patterns. These results help better understand potential future change in TC tracks.
Advection by the North Equatorial Current of a Cold Wake due to Multiple Typhoons in the Western Pacific: Measurements From a Profiling Float Array
Authors: Johnston T. M. Shaun , Rudnick Daniel L. , Brizuela Noel , Moum James N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCold wakes of previous tropical cyclones (TCs) affect the development of subsequent TCs, but few subsurface data sets have sufficient persistence and spatial coverage to follow a cold wake as it is advected by currents. For >2 months in 2018, an array of eight floats obtained >20,000 temperature profiles from the surface to <200 m every <40 min before, during, and after Super Typhoons Mangkhut, Trami, Kong‐Rey, and Yutu. Two floats were in/near Mangkhut's eye, experienced gale force winds during Trami and Kong‐Rey, drifted over 1,000 km westward with the North Equatorial Current, and tracked the advection of the weakly stratified, cold wake produced by the sequence of TCs. Sea surface temperature shows the westward advection of the cumulative cold wake. While causation cannot be established, since atmospheric measurements were not made, Yutu weakened as it passed over the cold wake. The stratification and the energy needed to mix the water column in the cold wake decreased with each TC. One float directly in the path of Yutu showed that mixing to 125–150 m was likely, corresponding to a cooling of 0.5–1°C under the eye. Sea surface temperature in the cold wake cooled by 1°C within a 150 km radius of Yutu's eye, where the effect on air‐sea heat fluxes is maximal. A cold wake can remain weakly stratified for many weeks during a sequence of TCs. These results also suggest that an advected cold wake from previous TCs may contribute many weeks later to the arrested development of a subsequent TC at a distant location.
A New Improved Estimation of Agulhas Leakage Using Observations and Simulations of Lagrangian Floats and Drifters
Authors: Daher Houraa , Beal Lisa M. , Schwarzkopf Franziska U. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new estimate of Agulhas leakage transport is calculated using profiling floats and drifters. Since Richardson's seminal estimate of 15 Sv in 2007, the number of floats and drifters passing through the Agulhas Current has quadrupled. Within uncertainties we find the same leakage percentages as Richardson, with 34% of drifters leaking at the surface and 21% of floats leaking at 1,000 m depth. We find that the drifters tend to follow a northward leakage pathway via the Benguela Current compared to the northwestward leakage pathway of the floats along the Agulhas Ring corridor. We simulate the isobaric and profiling behavior of the floats and drifters using two high resolution models and two offline Lagrangian tracking tools, quantifying for the first time the sampling biases associated with the observations. We find that the isobaric bias cannot be robustly simulated but likely causes an underestimate of observed leakage by one or two Sverdrups. The profiling behavior of the floats causes no significant bias in the leakage. Fitting a simulated vertical leakage profile to the observed leakage percentages from the floats and drifters and using the mean Agulhas transport observed by a moored array at 34°S we find an improved Agulhas leakage transport of 21.3 Sv, with an estimated error of 4.7 Sv. Our new leakage transport is higher primarily because we account for leakage at depths down to 2,000 m, while Richardson considered only the top 1,000 m of the water column.
Analyses Through the Metastatistical Extreme Value Distribution Identify Contributions of Tropical Cyclones to Rainfall Extremes in the Eastern United States
Authors: Miniussi Arianna , Villarini Gabriele , Marani Marco 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) generate extreme precipitation with severe impacts across large coastal and inland areas, calling for accurate frequency estimation methods. Statistical approaches that take into account the physical mechanisms responsible for these extremes can help reduce the estimation uncertainty. Here we formulate a mixed‐population Metastatistical Extreme Value Distribution explicitly incorporating non‐TC and TC‐induced rainfall and evaluate its implications on long series of daily rainfall for six major U.S. urban areas impacted by these storms. We find statistically significant differences between the distributions of TC‐ and non‐TC‐related precipitation; moreover, including mixtures of distributions improves the estimation of the probability of extreme precipitation where TCs occur more frequently. These improvements are greater when rainfall aggregated over durations longer than one day are considered.
Impact of Current‐Wind Interaction on Vertical Processes in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Song Hajoon , Marshall John , McGillicuddy Dennis J. , Seo Hyodae 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMomentum input from westerly winds blowing over the Southern Ocean can be modulated by mesoscale surface currents and result in changes in large‐scale ocean circulation. Here, using an eddy‐resolving 1/20 degree ocean model configured near Drake Passage, we evaluate the impact of current‐wind interaction on vertical processes. We find a reduction in momentum input from the wind, reduced eddy kinetic energy, and a modification of Ekman pumping rates. Wind stress curl resulting from current‐wind interaction leads to net upward motion, while the nonlinear Ekman pumping term associated with horizontal gradients of relative vorticity induces net downward motion. The spatially averaged mixed layer depth estimated using a density criteria is shoaled slightly by current‐wind interaction. Current‐wind interaction, on the other hand, enhances the stratification in the thermocline below the mixed layer. Such changes have the potential to alter biogeochemical processes including nutrient supply, biological productivity, and air‐sea carbon dioxide exchange.
A direct comparison of selective BH3-mimetics reveals BCL-XL, BCL-2 and MCL-1 as promising therapeutic targets in neuroblastoma
Authors: Bierbrauer Annika , Jacob Maureen , Vogler Meike , Fulda Simone 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite advances in the treatment of neuroblastoma, patients with high-risk disease still have dismal survival prognosis. Neuroblastoma cells display elevated expression of the antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins, suggesting that BH3-mimetics may be a promising treatment option. Here, we investigated the role of BCL-2, BCL-XL and MCL-1 in neuroblastoma.

Methods
A panel of neuroblastoma cell lines and primary patient-derived cells were exposed to BH3-mimetics targeting BCL-2 (ABT-199), BCL-XL (A1331852) or MCL-1 (S63845). In addition, protein expression and interaction patterns were analysed using Western blotting and immunoprecipitation.

Results
All tested BH3-mimetics were able to induce apoptosis in neuroblastoma cell lines, indicating that not only BCL-2 but also BCL-XL and MCL-1 may be promising therapeutic targets. Primary patient-derived cells displayed highest sensitivity to A1331852, highlighting the important role of BCL-XL in neuroblastoma. Further analysis into the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis revealed that A1331852 and S63845 displaced proapoptotic proteins like BIM and BAK from their antiapoptotic targets, subsequently leading to the activation of BAX and BAK and caspase-dependent apoptosis.

Conclusions
By using selective BH3-mimetics, this study demonstrates that BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1 are all relevant therapeutic targets in neuroblastoma. A1331852 and S63845 induce rapid apoptosis that is initiated following a displacement of BAK from BCL-XL or MCL-1, respectively.
A programmable chemical computer with memory and pattern recognition
Authors: Parrilla-Gutierrez Juan Manuel , Sharma Abhishek , Tsuda Soichiro , Cooper Geoffrey J. T. , Aragon-Camarasa Gerardo , Donkers Kevin , Cronin Leroy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCurrent computers are limited by the von Neumann bottleneck, which constrains the throughput between the processing unit and the memory. Chemical processes have the potential to scale beyond current computing architectures as the processing unit and memory reside in the same space, performing computations through chemical reactions, yet their lack of programmability limits them. Herein, we present a programmable chemical processor comprising of a 5 by 5 array of cells filled with a switchable oscillating chemical (Belousov–Zhabotinsky) reaction. Each cell can be individually addressed in the ‘on’ or ‘off’ state, yielding more than 2.9 × 1017 chemical states which arise from the ability to detect distinct amplitudes of oscillations via image processing. By programming the array of interconnected BZ reactions we demonstrate chemically encoded and addressable memory, and we create a chemical Autoencoder for pattern recognition able to perform the equivalent of one million operations per second.
Abundance of conserved CRISPR-Cas9 target sites within the highly polymorphic genomes of Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes
Authors: Schmidt Hanno , Collier Travis C. , Hanemaaijer Mark J. , Houston Parker D. , Lee Yoosook , Lanzaro Gregory C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA number of recent papers report that standing genetic variation in natural populations includes ubiquitous polymorphisms within target sites for Cas9-based gene drive (CGD) and that these “drive resistant alleles” (DRA) preclude the successful application of CGD for managing these populations. Here we report the results of a survey of 1280 genomes of the mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae, An. coluzzii, and Aedes aegypti in which we determine that ~90% of all protein-encoding CGD target genes in natural populations include at least one target site with no DRAs at a frequency of ≥1.0%. We conclude that the abundance of conserved target sites in mosquito genomes and the inherent flexibility in CGD design obviates the concern that DRAs present in the standing genetic variation of mosquito populations will be detrimental to the deployment of this technology for population modification strategies.
Female copulation song is modulated by seminal fluid
Authors: Kerwin Peter , Yuan Jiasheng , von Philipsborn Anne C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn most animal species, males and females communicate during sexual behavior to negotiate reproductive investments. Pre-copulatory courtship may settle if copulation takes place, but often information exchange and decision-making continue beyond that point. Here, we show that female Drosophila sing by wing vibration in copula. This copulation song is distinct from male courtship song and requires neurons expressing the female sex determination factor DoublesexF. Copulation song depends on transfer of seminal fluid components of the male accessory gland. Hearing female copulation song increases the reproductive success of a male when he is challenged by competition, suggesting that auditory cues from the female modulate male ejaculate allocation. Our findings reveal an unexpected fine-tuning of reproductive decisions during a multimodal copulatory dialog. The discovery of a female-specific acoustic behavior sheds new light on Drosophila mating, sexual dimorphisms of neuronal circuits and the impact of seminal fluid molecules on nervous system and behavior.
Tomographic mapping of the nanoscale water-filled pore structure in corroded borosilicate glass
Authors: Perea Daniel E. , Schreiber Daniel K. , Ryan Joseph V. , Wirth Mark G. , Deng Lu , Lu Xiaonan , Du Jincheng , Vienna John D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCryo-based atom probe tomography has been applied to directly reveal the water-solid interface and hydrated corrosion layers making up the nanoscale porous structure of a corroded borosilicate glass in its native aqueous environment. The analysis includes morphology and compositional mapping of the inner gel/glass interface, isolation of a tomographic sub-volume of the tortuous water-filled gel, and comparison of the gel structure with simulations. The nanoscale porous structure is qualitatively consistent with that of the molecular dynamics simulation, enabling in greater confidence in both interrogations. Comparison of the gel/glass interface between desiccated and cryogenically preserved samples reveals consistently abrupt B dissolution behavior and quantitative differences in the apparent H ingress into the glass. These comparisons give some guidance to future experimental approaches to understanding glass corrosion behavior. More broadly, the cryogenic preservation and 3D visualization of the native water/solid structure in 3D at the nanoscale has direct relevance to a wide range of materials systems beyond glass science.
Structural and functional brain abnormalities in children with schizotypal disorder: a pilot study
Authors: Wang Ya , Harding Ian H. , Testa Renee , Tonge Bruce , Jones Harvey , Seal Marc , Ross Nola , Chan Raymond C. K. , van Beurden Florian , Abu-Akel Ahmad , Skafidas Efstratios , Pantelis Christos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSchizotypal disorder lies in the schizophrenia spectrum and is widely studied in adult populations. Schizotypal disorder in children (SDc) is less well described. This study examined brain morphological and functional connectivity abnormalities in SDc (12 SDc and 9 typically developing children), focusing on the default mode and executive control brain networks. Results indicated that SDc is associated with reduced grey matter volume (GMV) in superior and medial frontal gyri, and increased resting-state functional connectivity between the superior frontal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule, compared to typically developing children (cluster-level FWE-corrected p < 0.05). The brain structure abnormality (GMV in left superior frontal gyrus) was correlated with clinical symptoms in SDc (r = −0.66, p = 0.026) and functional connectivity abnormality was correlated with extra-dimensional shifting impairments in all participants (r = 0.62, p = 0.011), suggesting their contribution to the underlying mechanisms of clinical presentation. These preliminary results motivate further work to characterize the neural basis of SDc and its significance as a risk factor for later psychosis.
Economic evaluation of ion-exchange processes for nutrient removal and recovery from municipal wastewater
Authors: Huang Xiangjun , Guida Samuela , Jefferson Bruce , Soares Ana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIon exchange (IEX) processes are a promising alternative to remove and recover nutrients from municipal wastewater. To assess the feasibility and viability of IEX processes for full-scale application, this study aimed at providing an evaluation of performance and economics on upscaling these processes for two different configurations in a 10,000 population equivalent wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and compared them with a traditional biological nutrient removal (BNR) plant. The IEX processes were designed based on existing pilot-scale data, and after aerobic or anaerobic carbon removal stages. The nutrients were recovered from spent regenerants in the form of (NH4)2SO4 and hydroxyapatite Ca5(PO4)3(OH), allowing regenerant reuse. The 40-year whole life cost (WLC) of IEX coupled with traditional activated sludge processes was estimated to be ~£7.4 M, and WLC of IEX coupled with anaerobic membrane process was estimated to be £6.1 M, which was, respectively, 17% and 27% less than the traditional BNR based WWTP. Furthermore, ~98 tonnes of (NH4)2SO4 and 3.4 tonnes of Ca3(PO4)2 could be recovered annually. The benefits of lower costs, reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient recovery aligned with circular economy, illustrated that IEX processes are attractive for nutrient removal and recovery from municipal wastewater.
Bayesian Optimization for Materials Design with Mixed Quantitative and Qualitative Variables
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Apley Daniel W. , Chen Wei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough Bayesian Optimization (BO) has been employed for accelerating materials design in computational materials engineering, existing works are restricted to problems with quantitative variables. However, real designs of materials systems involve both qualitative and quantitative design variables representing material compositions, microstructure morphology, and processing conditions. For mixed-variable problems, existing Bayesian Optimization (BO) approaches represent qualitative factors by dummy variables first and then fit a standard Gaussian process (GP) model with numerical variables as the surrogate model. This approach is restrictive theoretically and fails to capture complex correlations between qualitative levels. We present in this paper the integration of a novel latent-variable (LV) approach for mixed-variable GP modeling with the BO framework for materials design. LVGP is a fundamentally different approach that maps qualitative design variables to underlying numerical LV in GP, which has strong physical justification. It provides flexible parameterization and representation of qualitative factors and shows superior modeling accuracy compared to the existing methods. We demonstrate our approach through testing with numerical examples and materials design examples. The chosen materials design examples represent two different scenarios, one on concurrent materials selection and microstructure optimization for optimizing the light absorption of a quasi-random solar cell, and another on combinatorial search of material constitutes for optimal Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite (HOIP) design. It is found that in all test examples the mapped LVs provide intuitive visualization and substantial insight into the nature and effects of the qualitative factors. Though materials designs are used as examples, the method presented is generic and can be utilized for other mixed variable design optimization problems that involve expensive physics-based simulations.
Large-scale acoustic-driven neuronal patterning and directed outgrowth
Authors: Cohen Sharon , Sazan Haim , Kenigsberg Avraham , Schori Hadas , Piperno Silvia , Shpaisman Hagay , Shefi Orit 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAcoustic manipulation is an emerging non-invasive method enabling precise spatial control of cells in their native environment. Applying this method for organizing neurons is invaluable for neural tissue engineering applications. Here, we used surface and bulk standing acoustic waves for large-scale patterning of Dorsal Root Ganglia neurons and PC12 cells forming neuronal cluster networks, organized biomimetically. We showed that by changing parameters such as voltage intensity or cell concentration we were able to affect cluster properties. We examined the effects of acoustic arrangement on cells atop 3D hydrogels for up to 6 days and showed that assembled cells spontaneously grew branches in a directed manner towards adjacent clusters, infiltrating the matrix. These findings have great relevance for tissue engineering applications as well as for mimicking architectures and properties of native tissues.
Rooting behaviour and soil properties in different bamboo species of Western Himalayan Foothills, India
Authors: Kaushal R. , Singh Indra , Thapliyal S. D. , Gupta A. K. , Mandal D. , Tomar J. M. S. , Kumar Ambrish , Alam N. M. , Kadam D. , Singh D. V. , Mehta H. , Dogra Pradeep , Ojasvi P. R. , Reza S. , Durai J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDue to extensive root system, connected rhizome bamboos are considered suitable for improving soil properties within a short period, though most of the claims are anecdotal and need to be supported with quantified data. The study evaluates seven bamboo species viz., Bambusa balcooa, Bambusa bambos, Bambusa vulgaris, Bambusa nutans, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Dendrocalamus stocksii and Dendrocalamus strictus for their rooting pattern and impact on soil health properties. Coarse and fine root intensity was maximum in B. vulgaris. Coarse root biomass ranged from 0.6 kg m−3 in B. nutans to 2.0 kg m−3 in B. vulgaris and B. bambos. Fine root biomass ranged from 1.1 kg m−3 in B. nutans to 4.5 kg m−3 in D. hamiltonii. Contribution of fine roots in terms of intensity and biomass was much higher than coarse roots. Fine root biomass showed declining trend with increase in soil depth in all the species. During sixth year, the litter fall ranged from 8.1 Mg ha−1 in D. stocksii to 12.4 Mg ha−1 in D. hamiltonii. Among soil physical properties significant improvement were recorded in hydraulic conductivity, water stable aggregates and mean weight diameter. Soil pH, organic carbon and available phosphorus under different species did not reveal any significant changes, while significant reduction was observed in total nitrogen and potassium. Significant positive correlation was observed between WSA and iron content. Soil microbial population and enzyme activities were higher in control plot. Considering root distribution, biomass, soil hydraulic conductivity and water stable aggregates, B. bambos, B. vulgaris and D. hamiltonii are recommended for rehabilitation of degraded lands prone to soil erosion.