bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of Perfluoroalkyl substances with blood lipids and Apolipoproteins in lipoprotein subspecies: the POUNDS-lost study
Authors: Liu Gang , Zhang Bo , Hu Yang , Rood Jennifer , Liang Liming , Qi Lu , Bray George A. , DeJonge Lilian , Coull Brent , Grandjean Philippe , Furtado Jeremy D. , Sun Qi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The associations of perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure with blood lipids and lipoproteins are inconsistent, and existing studies did not account for metabolic heterogeneity of lipoprotein subspecies. This study aimed to examine the associations between plasma PFAS concentrations and lipoprotein and apolipoprotein subspecies.

Methods
The study included 326 men and women from the 2-year Prevention of Obesity Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS) Lost randomized trial. Five PFASs, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), were measured in plasma at baseline. For lipoprotein and apolipoprotein subspecies, total plasma was fractionated first by apolipoprotein (apo) C-III content and then by density. Each subfraction was then measured for apoB, apoC-III, and apoE concentrations, as well as triglyceride and cholesterol contents, both at baseline and at 2 years.

Results
For lipids and apolipoproteins in total plasma at baseline, elevated plasma PFAS concentrations were significantly associated with higher apoB and apoC-III concentrations, but not with total cholesterol or triglycerides. After multivariate adjustment of lifestyle factors, lipid-lowering medication use, and dietary intervention groups, PFAS concentrations were primarily associated with lipids or apolipoprotein concentrations in intermediate-to-low density lipoprotein (IDL + LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) that contain apoC-III. Comparing the highest and lowest tertiles of PFOA, the least-square means (SE) (mg/dl) were 4.16 (0.4) vs 3.47 (0.4) for apoB (P trend = 0.04), 2.03 (0.2) vs 1.66 (0.2) for apoC-III (P trend = 0.04), and 8.4 (0.8) vs 6.8 (0.8) for triglycerides (P trend = 0.03) in IDL + LDL fraction that contains apoC-III. For HDL that contains apoC-III, comparing the highest and lowest tertiles of PFOA, the least-square means (SE) (mg/dl) of apoC-III were 11.9 (0.7) vs 10.4 (0.7) (P trend = 0.01). In addition, elevated PFNA and PFDA concentrations were also significantly associated with higher concentrations of apoE in HDL that contains apoC-III (P trend< 0.01). Similar patterns of associations were demonstrated between baseline PFAS concentrations and lipoprotein subspecies measured at 2 years. Baseline PFAS levels were not associated with changes in lipoprotein subspecies during the intervention.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that plasma PFAS concentrations are primarily associated with blood lipids and apolipoproteins in subspecies of IDL, LDL, and HDL that contain apoC-III, which are associated with elevated cardiovascular risk in epidemiological studies. Future studies of PFAS-associated cardiovascular risk should focus on lipid subfractions.
Prognostic value of point-of-care ultrasound during cardiac arrest: a systematic review
Authors: Kedan Ilan , Ciozda William , Palatinus Joseph A. , Palatinus Helen N. , Kimchi Asher 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite significant improvements in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, sudden cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of mortality in the United States. Ultrasound is a widely available tool that can be used to evaluate the presence of cardiac wall motion during cardiac arrest. Several clinical studies have evaluated the use of ultrasound to visualize cardiac motion as a predictor of mortality in cardiac arrest patients. However, there are limited data summarizing the prognostic value of point of care ultrasound evaluation during resuscitation. We performed a systematic literature review of the existing evidence examining the clinical utility of point-of-care ultrasound evaluation of cardiac wall motion as a predictor of cardiac resuscitation outcomes.Methods/resultsWe performed a systematic PubMed search of clinical studies up to July 23, 2019 evaluating point-of-care sonographic cardiac motion as a predictor of mortality following cardiac resuscitation. We included studies written in English that reviewed short-term outcomes and included adult populations. Fifteen clinical studies met inclusion criteria for assessing cardiac wall motion with point-of-care ultrasound and outcomes following cardiac resuscitation. Fourteen of the fifteen studies showed a statistically significant correlation between the presence of cardiac motion on ultrasound and short-term survival. This was most evident in patients with ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia as a presenting rhythm. Absence of cardiac motion non-survival. The data were pooled and the overall pooled odds ratio for return of spontaneous circulation in the presence of cardiac motion during CPR was 12.4 +/1 2.7 (p <  0.001).ConclusionEvaluation of cardiac motion on transthoracic echocardiogram is a valuable tool in the prediction of short-term cardiac resuscitation outcomes. Given the safety and availability of ultrasound in the emergency department, it is reasonable to apply point-of-care ultrasound to cardiopulmonary resuscitation as long as its use does not interrupt resuscitation.
Impact of acute-on-chronic liver failure and decompensated liver cirrhosis on psychosocial burden and quality of life of patients and their close relatives
Authors: Nagel Michael , Labenz Christian , Wörns Marcus A. , Marquardt J. U. , Galle Peter R. , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Nguyen-Tat Marc 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients with liver cirrhosis often suffer from complications such as ascites, gastrointestinal bleeding, and infections, resulting in impaired quality of life. Frequently, the close relatives of patients also suffer from a lower quality of life in chronic diseases. In recent years, acute-to-chronic liver failure has been defined as a separate entity with high mortality. Often several organs are affected which makes intensive care therapy necessary. Little is known about the influence of acute-on-chronic-liver failure (ACLF) on the quality of life of patients and the psychosocial burden on close relatives.

Aim
The purpose of this prospective study is to investigate the influence of decompensated liver cirrhosis and the onset of ACLF of the patient’s’ quality of life and the psychosocial burden of close relatives.

Method
In this non – randomized prospective cohort study a total of 63 patients with acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis and hospital admission were enrolled in the study. To assess the quality of life of patients, the disease specific CLDQ questionnaire was assessed. In addition. Quality of life and psychosocial burden of first degree relatives was measured using the generic SF-36 questionnaire as well as the Zarit Burden Score.

Results
21 of the 63 patients suffered from ACLF. Patients with ACLF showed a lower quality of life in terms of worries compared to patients with only decompensated liver cirrhosis (3,57 ± 1,17 vs. 4,48 ± 1,27; p value: 0,008) and increased systemic symptoms (3,29 ± 1,19 vs. 4,48 ± 1,58; p value: 0,004). The univariate analysis confirmed the link between the existence of an ACLF and the concerns of patients. (p value: 0,001). The organ failure score was significantly associated with overall CLDQ scores, especially with worries and systemic symptoms of patients. Interestingly the psychosocial burden and quality of life of close relative correlates with patient’s quality of life and was influenced by the onset of an acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Conclusion
Patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis suffer from impaired quality of life. In particular, patients with ACLF have a significantly reduced quality of life. The extent of the psychosocial burden on close relative correlates with poor quality of life in patients with decompensated liver disease and is influenced by the existence of ACLF.
The importance of synchronicity in the management of colorectal peritoneal metastases with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Wong Jolene Si Min , Tan Grace Hwei Ching , Chia Claramae Shulyn , Ong Johnny , Ng Wai Yee , Teo Melissa Ching Ching 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundColorectal peritoneal metastases (CPM) occur in up to 13% of patients with colorectal cancer, presenting either synchronously or metachronously. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS and HIPEC) have been increasingly utilised for selected CPM patients with favourable outcomes, though its benefits may differ for synchronous (s-CPM) and metachronous CPM (m-CPM).MethodsA retrospective analysis of CPM patients treated with CRS and HIPEC at the National Cancer Centre Singapore over 15 years was performed. In the s-CPM group, CPM was diagnosed at primary presentation with CRS and HIPEC performed at the time of or within 6 months from primary surgery. In the m-CPM group, patients developed CPM > 6 months after primary curative surgery.ResultsOne hundred two patients with CPM were treated with CRS and HIPEC. Twenty (19.6%) patients had s-CPM and 82 (80.4%) had m-CPM. Recurrences occurred in 45% of s-CPM and in 54% of m-CPM (p= 0.619). Median overall survival was significantly prolonged in patients with m-CPM (45.2 versus 26.9 months,p= 0.025). In a subset of m-CPM patients with limited PCI in whom ICU stay was not required, a survival advantage was seen (p= 0.031).ConclusionA survival advantage was seen a subset of m-CPM patients, possibly representing differences in disease biology.
Translational research of temporomandibular joint pathology: a preliminary biomarker and fMRI study
Authors: Barkhordarian Andre , Demerjian Gary , Chiappelli Francesco 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is well innervated by braches of the trigeminal nerve. The temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) can cause neural-inflammation in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) at the site of injury, or compression, and may have systemic effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Neural-inflammation causes elevations in cytokine expression and microglia activation. When the site of injury, or compression is treated, or relieved, neural inflammation is reduced. These changes can be seen and measured with fMRI brain activities.

Methods
For this study, patients with comorbid TMD and systemic/neurologic conditions were compared using clinical diagnostic markers, inflammatory, pain, tissue destruction enzymatic biomarkers, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity of the brain, with and without a custom-made dental orthotic.

Results
Our results showed a correlation between the clinical diagnosis of the pathological TMJ, biomarkers and the fMRI study. There was a marked elevation of biomarkers in samples taken from TMJ of patients who were clinically diagnosed with TMD. The fMRI study of TMD patients showed an abnormal hyper-connected salience network and a diminished blood flow to the anterior frontal lobes when they did not wear their customized dental orthotics.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the importance of TMJ-CNS connections and use of fMRI as an investigative tool for understanding TMD and its related neurological pathologies.
Blast traumatic brain injury and serum inflammatory cytokines: a repeated measures case-control study among U.S. military service members
Authors: Rusiecki Jennifer , Levin Lynn I. , Wang Li , Byrne Celia , Krishnamurthy Jayasree , Chen Ligong , Galdzicki Zygmunt , French Louis M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
There is a paucity of human data on exposure to blast traumatic brain injury (bTBI) and the corresponding systemic cytokine immune response at later time points (i.e., months, years) post-injury.

Methods
We conducted a repeated measures, case-control study, examining associations of serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, measured both pre- and post-deployment with having mild and moderate/severe bTBI. Utilizing serum from the Department of Defense Serum Repository cytokines were measured via an ELISA-based array for 15 cytokines. We compared pre- vs. post-levels among mild cases, moderate/severe cases, and controls and carried out case-control comparisons, using paired t- tests and generalized linear models.

Results
The average time between bTBI and post-deployment/bTBI serum among cases was 315.8 days. From pre- to post-deployment/bTBI, levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8) were decreased among both mild cases (μ = − 83.43 pg/ml; s.e. = 21.66) and moderate/severe cases (μ = − 107.67 pg/ml; s.e. = 28.74 pg/ml), while levels increased among controls (μ = 32.86 pg/ml; s.e. = 30.29). The same pattern occurred for matrix metallopeptidase 3 (MMP3), with levels decreasing for moderate/severe cases (μ = − 3369.24 pg/ml; s.e. = 1701.68) and increasing for controls (μ = 1859.60 pg/ml; s.e. = 1737.51) from pre- to post-deployment/bTBI. Evidence was also suggestive of case-control differences, from pre- to post-deployment/bTBI for interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) among moderate/severe cases.

Conclusion
The findings of this longitudinal study indicate that in the chronic phase of bTBI, levels of IL-8 and MMP3 may be substantially lower than pre-injury. These results need confirmation in other studies, potentially those that account for treatment differences, which was not possible in our study.
BDNF promotes activation of astrocytes and microglia contributing to neuroinflammation and mechanical allodynia in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis
Authors: Ding Honglu , Chen Jialiang , Su Minzhi , Lin Zhijun , Zhan Hailun , Yang Fei , Li Wenbiao , Xie Juncong , Huang Yong , Liu Xianguo , Liu Bolong , Zhou Xiangfu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) often grieve over a low quality of life brought about by chronic pain. In our previous studies, we determined that neuroinflammation of the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) was associated with mechanisms of interstitial cystitis. Moreover, it has been shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) participates in the regulation of neuroinflammation and pathological pain through BDNF-TrkB signaling; however, whether it plays a role in cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis remains unclear. This study aimed to confirm whether BDNF-TrkB signaling modulates neuroinflammation and mechanical allodynia in CYP-induced cystitis and determine how it occurs.

Methods
Systemic intraperitoneal injection of CYP was performed to establish a rat cystitis model. BDNF-TrkB signaling was modulated by intraperitoneal injection of the TrkB receptor antagonist, ANA-12, or intrathecal injection of exogenous BDNF. Mechanical allodynia in the suprapubic region was assessed using the von Frey filaments test. The expression of BDNF, TrkB, p-TrkB, Iba1, GFAP, p-p38, p-JNK, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the L6-S1 SDH was measured by Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis.

Results
BDNF-TrkB signaling was upregulated significantly in the SDH after CYP was injected. Similarly, the expressions of Iba1, GFAP, p-p38, p-JNK, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the SDH were all upregulated. Treatment with ANA-12 could attenuate mechanical allodynia, restrain activation of astrocytes and microglia and alleviate neuroinflammation. Besides, the intrathecal injection of exogenous BDNF further decreased the mechanical withdrawal threshold, promoted activation of astrocytes and microglia, and increased the release of TNF-α and IL-1β in the SDH of our CYP-induced cystitis model.

Conclusions
In our CYP-induced cystitis model, BDNF promoted the activation of astrocytes and microglia to release TNF-α and IL-1β, aggravating neuroinflammation and leading to mechanical allodynia through BDNF-TrkB-p38/JNK signaling.
Using the theory of planned behavior to explain birth in health facility intention among expecting couples in a rural setting Rukwa Tanzania: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Moshi Fabiola V. , Kibusi Stephen M. , Fabian Flora 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
According to the theory of planned behavior, an intention to carry out a certain behavior facilitates action. In the context of birth in health facility, the intention to use health facilities for childbirth may better ensure better maternal and neonatal survival. Little is known on the influence of the domains of theory of planned behavior on birth in health facility intention. The study aimed to determine the influence of the domains of theory of planned behavior on birth in health facility intention among expecting couples in the rural Southern Highlands of Tanzania.

Methods
A community based cross-sectional study targeting pregnant women and their partners was performed from June until October 2017. A three-stage probability sampling technique was employed to obtain a sample of 546 couples (making a total of 1092 study participants). A structured questionnaire based upon the Theory of Planned Behavior was used. The questionnaire explored three main domains of birth in health facility intentions. These three domains included; 1) attitudes towards maternal services utilization, 2) perceived subjective norms towards maternal services utilization and 3) perceived behavior control towards maternal services utilization.

Results
The vast majority of study participants had birth in health facility intention. This included 499(91.2%) of pregnant women and 488(89.7%%) of their male partners partner. Only perceived subjective norms showed a significant higher mean score among pregnant women (M = 30.21, SD = 3.928) compared to their male partners (M = 29.72, SD = 4.349) t (1090) = − 1.965 at 95% CI = -0.985 to − 0.002; p < 0.049. After adjusting for the confounders, no intention to use health facility for childbirth decreased as the attitude [pregnant women (B = − 0.091; p = 0.453); male partners (B = − 0.084; p = 0.489)] and perceived behavior control [pregnant women (B = − 0.138; p = 0.244); male partners (B = − 0.155; p = 0.205)] scores increase among both pregnant women and their male partners.

Conclusion
Despite the fact that majority of study respondents had birth in health facility intention, the likelihood of this intention resulting into practice is weak because none of the domains of theory of planned behavior showed a significant influence. Innovative interventional strategies geared towards improving domains of intention is highly recommended in order to elicit strong intention to use health facilities for childbirth.
Effects of bodyweight support and guidance force on muscle activation during Locomat walking in people with stroke: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lin Jianhua , Hu Guojiong , Ran Jun , Chen Linyu , Zhang Xian , Zhang Yanxin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Locomat is a robotic exoskeleton providing guidance force and bodyweight support to facilitate intensive walking training for people with stroke. Although the Locomat has been reported to be effective in improving walking performance, the effects of training parameters on the neuromuscular control remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the muscle activities between Locomat walking and treadmill walking at a normal speed, as well as to investigate the effects of varying bodyweight support and guidance force on muscle activation patterns during Locomat walking in people with stroke.

Methods
A cross-sectional study design was employed. Participants first performed an unrestrained walking on a treadmill and then walked in the Locomat with different levels of bodyweight support (30% or 50%) and guidance force (40% or 70%) at the same speed (1.2 m/s). Surface electromyography (sEMG) of seven muscles of the affected leg was recorded. The sEMG envelope was time-normalised and averaged over gait cycles. Mean sEMG amplitude was then calculated by normalising the sEMG amplitude with respect to the peak amplitude during treadmill walking for statistical analysis. A series of Non-parametric test and post hoc analysis were performed with a significance level of 0.05.

Results
Fourteen participants with stroke were recruited at the Yangzhi Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Tongji University (female n = 1; mean age 46.1 ± 11.1 years). Only the mean sEMG amplitude of vastus medialis oblique during Locomat walking (50% bodyweight support and 70% guidance force) was significantly lower than that during treadmill walking. Reducing both bodyweight and guidance increased muscle activity of gluteus medius and tibialis anterior. Activity of vastus medialis oblique muscle increased as bodyweight support reduced, while that of rectus femoris increased as guidance force decreased.

Conclusions
The effects of Locomat on reducing muscle activity in people with stroke were minimized when walking at a normal speed. Reducing bodyweight support and guidance force increased the activity of specific muscles during Locomat walking. Effects of bodyweight support, guidance force and speed should be taken into account when developing individualized Locomat training protocols for clients with stroke.
Insoluble dietary fibre intake is associated with lower prevalence of newly-diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese men: a large population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Xia Yang , Zhang Shunming , Zhang Qing , Liu Li , Meng Ge , Wu Hongmei , Bao Xue , Gu Yeqing , Sun Shaomei , Wang Xing , Zhou Ming , Jia Qiyu , Song Kun , Wu Qijun , Niu Kaijun , Zhao Yuhong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe health benefits of dietary fibre (DF) intake on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are controversial. Thus, this large cross-sectional study aimed to determine the associations between DF intake and the prevalence of newly-diagnosed NAFLD in a large general population.MethodsA total of 23,529 participants were enrolled in the analyses. Newly-diagnosed NAFLD was diagnosed according to liver ultrasonography and history of alcohol intake.DF intake was assessed using a validated self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the associations between DF intake and NAFLD.ResultsIn total, 18.81% (n = 4426) of the participants were newly diagnosed with NAFLD. Compared with the participants in the lowest quartile of DF intake, the ORs (95% CI) for the participants in the highest quartile were 0.81 (0.67, 0.97), 0.78 (0.62, 0.99), and 0.85 (0.62, 1.17) for all participants, men, and women, respectively. Compared with the participants in the lowest quartile of insoluble DF intake, the ORs (95% CI) for the participants in the highest quartile were 0.70 (0.58, 0.85), 0.60 (0.47, 0.76), and 0.95 (0.68, 1.32) in all participants, men, and women, respectively. No association was observed between soluble DF intake and NAFLD. DF from whole grain, soy foods, vegetables, and nuts but not fruits were negatively associated with NAFLD.ConclusionsA higher intake of insoluble DF is associated with lower prevalence of newly-diagnosed NAFLD in men. Moreover, intake DF from whole grain, soy foods, vegetables, and nuts, but not fruits have favorable effect on the prevalence of newly diagnosed NAFLD. Further cohort studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to validate this finding.