bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light‐Controlled Near‐Field Energy Transfer in Plasmonic Metasurface Coupled MoS2Monolayer
Authors: Deng Miaoyi , Li Ziwei , Rong Xin , Luo Yang , Li Bowen , Zheng Liheng , Wang Xiao , Lin Feng , Meixner Alfred J. , Braun Kai , Zhu Xing , Fang Zheyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe energy transfer from plasmonic nanostructures to semiconductors has been extensively studied to enhance light‐harvesting and tailor light–matter interactions. In this study, the efficient energy transfer from an Au metasurface to monolayered MoS2within a near‐field coupling regime is reported. The metasurface is designed and fabricated to demonstrate strong photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) emission spectra. In the coupled heterostructure of MoS2with a metasurface, both the Raman shift and absorption spectral intensities of monolayered MoS2are affected. The spectral profile and PL peak position can be tailored owing to the energy transfer between plasmonic nanostructures and semiconductors. This is confirmed by ultrafast lifetime measurement. A theoretical model of two coupled oscillators is proposed, where the expanded general solutions (EGS) of such a model result in a series of eigenvalues that correspond to the renormalization of energy levels in modulated MoS2. The model can predict the peak shift up to tens of nanometers in hybrid structures and hence provides an alternative method to describe energy transfer between metallic structures and two‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors. A viable approach for studying light–matter interactions in 2D semiconductors via near‐field energy transfer is presented, which may stimulate the applications of functional nanophotonic devices.
CREW: Cost and Reliability aware Eagle‐Whale optimiser for service placement in Fog
Authors: Paul Martin John , Kandasamy A. , Chandrasekaran K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntegration of Internet of Things (IoT) with industries revamps the traditional ways in which industries work. Fog computing extends Cloud services to the vicinity of end users. Fog reduces delays induced by communication with the distant clouds in IoT environments. The resource constrained nature of Fog computing nodes demands an efficient placement policy for deploying applications, or their services. The distributed and heterogeneous features of Fog environments deem it imperative to consider the reliability performance parameter in placement decisions to provide services without interruptions. Increasing reliability leads to an increase in the cost. In this article, we propose a service placement policy which addresses the conflicting criteria of service reliability and monetary cost. A multiobjective optimisation problem is formulated and a novel placement policy, Cost and Reliability‐aware Eagle‐Whale (CREW), is proposed to provide placement decisions ensuring timely service responses. Considering the exponentially large solution space, CREW adopts Eagle strategy based multi‐Whale optimisation for taking placement decisions. We have considered real time microservice applications for validating our approaches, and CREW has been experimentally shown to outperform the existing popular multiobjective meta‐heuristics such as NSGA‐II and MOWOA based placement strategies.
Enzymatic Modification of Granular Potato Starch Using Isoamylase—Investigation of Morphological, Physicochemical, Molecular, and Techno‐Functional Properties
Authors: Ulbrich Marco , Asiri Saeed A. , Bussert Robert , Flöter Eckhard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGranular potato starch is modified using the debranching enzyme isoamylase. The modification is performed in aqueous suspension (40% w/w) at 35 °C by grading the volume (100, 250, and 400 µL/50 g of starch, 200 U · mL−1) of enzyme solution added. The starch products obtained are comprehensively investigated in terms of morphological (scanning electron microscopy), structural (X‐ray diffraction), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry), techno‐functional (solubility, hot paste viscosity, gel strength), and molecular properties (size exclusion chromatography‐multi angle laser light scattering‐differential refractive index detection). The granular integrity is basically preserved after modification and a molecular degradation predominantly of the amylopectin by debranching is proved. However, a slight reduction of the weight average molar mass of the amylose fraction is found too. In addition, the intended partial molecular degradation of the starch polysaccharides, the effect of the preparation procedure including washing with ethanol and grinding impacts several starch characteristics conspicuously.
Generation of hypoimmunogenic human pluripotent stem cells via expression of membrane-bound and secreted β2m-HLA-G fusion proteins
Authors: Shi Lei , Li Wenjing , Liu Yang , Chen Zhenyu , Hui Yi , Hao Pengcheng , Xu Xiangjie , Zhang Shuwei , Feng Hexi , Zhang Bowen , Zhou Shanshan , Li Nan , Xiao Lei , Liu Ling , Ma Lin , Zhang Xiaoqing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAllogeneic immune rejection is a major barrier for the application of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in regenerative medicine. A broad spectrum of immune cells, including T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and antigen-presenting cells, which either cause direct cell killing or constitute an immunogenic environment, are involved in allograft immune rejection. A strategy to protect donor cells from cytotoxicity while decreasing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines of lymphocytes is still lacking. Here, we engineered hPSCs with no surface expression of classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I proteins via beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) knockout or biallelic knockin of HLA-G1 within the frame of endogenous B2M loci. Elimination of the surface expression of HLA class I proteins protected the engineered hPSCs from cytotoxicity mediated by T cells. However, this lack of surface expression also resulted in missing-self response and NK cell activation, which were largely compromised by expression of β2m-HLA-G1 fusion proteins. We also proved that the engineered β2m-HLA-G5 fusion proteins were soluble, secretable, and capable of safeguarding low immunogenic environments by lowering inflammatory cytokines secretion in allografts. Our current study reveals a novel strategy that may offer unique advantages to construct hypoimmunogenic hPSCs via the expression of membrane-bound and secreted β2m-HLA-G fusion proteins. These engineered hPSCs are expected to serve as an unlimited cell source for generating universally compatible “off-the-shelf” cell grafts in the future.
Stereocomplementary and Parallel Syntheses of Multi‐Substituted (E)‐, (Z)‐Stereodefined α,β‐Unsaturated Esters: Application to Drug Syntheses
Authors: Ashida Yuichiro , Tanabe Yoo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUbiquitous α,β‐unsaturated esters are well recognized as key structural olefin scaffolds in organic chemistry. (E)‐ and (Z)‐steroselectivity is the most critical issue in their synthesis, however, (E)‐ and (Z)‐ stereocomplementary synthetic methods remain quite limited. The present account discloses general (E)‐, (Z)‐stereocomplementary syntheses of a variety of α,β‐unsaturated esters from highly accessible (E)‐, (Z)‐stereodefined enol tosylates derived from β‐ketoesters and α‐formyl esters. Step 1 toward the stereocomplementary preparation of (E)‐, (Z)‐stereodefined enol tosylates is implemented by using inexpensive reagents under mild reaction conditions. Step 2 toward the highly stereoretentive synthesis of (E)‐ and (Z)‐stereodefined α,β‐unsaturated esters involves Suzuki‐Miyaura, Negishi, Sonogashira, Iron‐catalyzed, Mizoroki‐Heck, and Buchwald‐Hartwig cross‐coupling reactions. Notably, this strategy was successfully applied for parallel drug syntheses of (E)‐ and (Z)‐zimelidine, (E)‐ and (Z)‐tamoxifen, and Merck's cyclopropane pharmacophore. Representative successful utilizations by other groups are also introduced.
The shifting shape and functional specializations of the cell cycle during lineage development
Authors: Hwang Yung , Hidalgo Daniel , Socolovsky Merav 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEssentially all cell cycling in multicellular organisms in vivo takes place in the context of lineage differentiation. This notwithstanding, the regulation of the cell cycle is often assumed to be generic, independent of tissue or developmental stage. Here we review developmental‐stage‐specific cell cycle adaptations that may influence developmental decisions, in mammalian erythropoiesis and in other lineages. The length of the cell cycle influences the balance between self‐renewal and differentiation in multiple tissues, and may determine lineage fate. Shorter cycles contribute to the efficiency of reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotency stem cells and help maintain the pluripotent state. While the plasticity of G1 length is well established, the speed of S phase is emerging as a novel regulated parameter that may influence cell fate transitions in the erythroid lineage, in neural tissue and in embryonic stem cells. A slow S phase may stabilize the self‐renewal state, whereas S phase shortening may favor a cell fate change. In the erythroid lineage, functional approaches and single‐cell RNA‐sequencing show that a key transcriptional switch, at the transition from self‐renewal to differentiation, is synchronized with and dependent on S phase. This specific S phase is shorter, as a result of a genome‐wide increase in the speed of replication forks. Furthermore, there is progressive shortening in G1 in the period preceding this switch. Together these studies suggest an integrated regulatory landscape of the cycle and differentiation programs, where cell cycle adaptations are controlled by, and in turn feed back on, the propagation of developmental trajectories.This article is categorized under:
Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development
Upper bound on the solution for a class of 2‐D Chemotaxis model with generalized logistic damping
Authors: Lyu Wenbin , Wang Qiong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the upper bound of the solution for a class of 2‐D Chemotaxis model with generalized logistic damping in a smooth bounded domain. We show how upper bound of the solution qualitatively depends on the parameters in the equation.
Quantum D = 3 Euclidean and Poincaré symmetries from contraction limits
Authors: Kowalski-Glikman Jerzy , Lukierski Jerzy , Trześniewski Tomasz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Following the recently obtained complete classification of quantum-deformed $$ \mathfrak{o} $$
o
(4), $$ \mathfrak{o} $$
o
(1, 3) and $$ \mathfrak{o} $$
o
(2) algebras, characterized by classical r-matrices, we study their inhomogeneous D = 3 quantum IW contractions (i.e. the limit of vanishing cosmological constant), with Euclidean or Lorentzian signature. Subsequently, we compare our results with the complete list of D = 3 inhomogeneous Euclidean and D = 3 Poincaré quantum deformations obtained by P. Stachura. It turns out that the IW contractions allow us to recover all Stachura deformations. We further discuss the applicability of our results in the models of 3D quantum gravity in the Chern-Simons formulation (both with and with- out the cosmological constant), where it is known that the relevant quantum deformations should satisfy the Fock-Rosly conditions. The latter deformations in part of the cases are associated with the Drinfeld double structures, which also have been recently investigated in detail.
Fluxes, twisted tori, monodromy and U(1) supermembranes
Authors: del Moral M. P. Garcia , Heras C. Las , Leon P. , Pena J. M. , Restuccia A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We show that the D = 11 supermembrane theory (M2-brane) compactified on a M9× T2 target space, with constant fluxes C± naturally incorporates the geometrical structure of a twisted torus. We extend the M2-brane theory to a formulation on a twisted torus bundle. It is consistently fibered over the world volume of the M2-brane. It can also be interpreted as a torus bundle with a nontrivial U(1) connection associated to the fluxes. The structure group G is the area preserving diffeomorphisms. The torus bundle is defined in terms of the monodromy associated to the isotopy classes of symplectomorphisms with π0(G) = SL(2, Z), and classified by the coinvariants of the subgroups of SL(2, Z). The spectrum of the theory is purely discrete since the constant flux induces a central charge on the supersymmetric algebra and a modification on the Hamiltonian which renders the spectrum discrete with finite multiplicity. The theory is invariant under symplectomorphisms connected and non connected to the identity, a result relevant to guarantee the U-dual invariance of the theory. The Hamiltonian of the theory exhibits interesting new U(1) gauge and global symmetries on the worldvolume induced by the symplectomorphim transformations. We construct explicitly the supersymmetric algebra with nontrivial central charges. We show that the zero modes decouple from the nonzero ones. The nonzero mode algebra corresponds to a massive superalgebra that preserves either 1/2 or 1/4 of the original supersymmetry depending on the state considered.
Measuring the quartic Higgs self-coupling at a multi-TeV muon collider
Authors: Chiesa M. , Maltoni F. , Mantani L. , Mele B. , Piccinini F. , Zhao X. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Measuring the shape of the Higgs boson potential is of paramount importance, and will be a challenging task at current as well as future colliders. While the expectations for the measurement of the trilinear Higgs self-coupling are rather promising, an accurate measurement of the quartic self-coupling interaction is presently considered extremely challenging even at a future 100 TeV proton-proton collider. In this work we explore the sensitivity that a muon collider with a center of mass energy in the multi-TeV range and luminosities of the order of 1035cm−2s−1, as presently under discussion, might provide, thanks to a rather large three Higgs-boson production and to a limited background. By performing a first and simple analysis, we find a clear indication that a muon collider could provide a determination of the quartic Higgs self-coupling that is significantly better than what is currently considered attainable at other future colliders.
Disorder in a two-domain neuronal Ca2+-binding protein regulates domain stability and dynamics using ligand mimicry
Authors: Staby Lasse , Kemplen Katherine R. , Stein Amelie , Ploug Michael , Clarke Jane , Skriver Karen , Heidarsson Pétur O. , Kragelund Birthe B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the interplay between sequence, structure and function of proteins has been complicated in recent years by the discovery of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which perform biological functions in the absence of a well-defined three-dimensional fold. Disordered protein sequences account for roughly 30% of the human proteome and in many proteins, disordered and ordered domains coexist. However, few studies have assessed how either feature affects the properties of the other. In this study, we examine the role of a disordered tail in the overall properties of the two-domain, calcium-sensing protein neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS-1). We show that loss of just six of the 190 residues at the flexible C-terminus is sufficient to severely affect stability, dynamics, and folding behavior of both ordered domains. We identify specific hydrophobic contacts mediated by the disordered tail that may be responsible for stabilizing the distal N-terminal domain. Moreover, sequence analyses indicate the presence of an LSL-motif in the tail that acts as a mimic of native ligands critical to the observed order–disorder communication. Removing the disordered tail leads to a shorter life-time of the ligand-bound complex likely originating from the observed destabilization. This close relationship between order and disorder may have important implications for how investigations into mixed systems are designed and opens up a novel avenue of drug targeting exploiting this type of behavior.
Standard Diffusion-weighted MRI for the Diagnosis of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Authors: Danyel L. A. , Bohner G. , Connolly F. , Siebert E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate diffusion abnormalities of the retina and optic nerve in patients with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) using standard stroke diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI).

Methods
In this case-control study, DWI scans of patients with nonarteritic CRAO were retrospectively assessed for acute ischemia of the retina and optic nerve. Two neuroradiologists, blinded for patient diagnosis, randomly evaluated DWI of CRAO patients and controls (a collective of stroke and transient ischemic attack [TIA] patients) for restrictions of the retina and optic nerve. We calculated statistical quality criteria and analyzed inter-rater reliability using unweighted Kappa statistics.

Results
20 CRAO patients (60,6 ± 17 years) and 20 controls (60,7 ± 17 years) were included in the study. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for retinal DWI restrictions were 75%/80%/79%/76% (reader 1) and 75%/100%/100%/80% (reader 2), respectively. Unweighted Kappa was κ = 0,70 (95% CI 0,48‑0,92), indicating “substantial” interrater reliability. In comparison, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV (positive and negative predictive values) for restrictions of the optic nerve in CRAO were 55%/70%/65%/61% (reader 1) and 25%/100%/100%/57% (reader 2). Inter-rater reliability was “fair” with unweighted Kappa κ = 0,32 (95% CI 0,09‑0,56).

Conclusions
Retinal diffusion restrictions were present in a majority of CRAO patients and detectable with reasonable sensitivity, high specificity and substantial inter-rater reliability. Further studies are necessary to study time dependency of retinal diffusion restrictions, improve image quality and investigate the reliability of retinal DWI to discern CRAO from other causes of acute loss of vision.
Performance of Automated Attenuation Measurements at Identifying Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke on CT Angiography
Authors: Reidler Paul , Stueckelschweiger Lena , Puhr-Westerheide Daniel , Feil Katharina , Kellert Lars , Dimitriadis Konstantinos , Tiedt Steffen , Herzberg Moriz , Rémi Jan , Liebig Thomas , Fabritius Matthias P. , Kunz Wolfgang G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is routinely used to detect large-vessel occlusion (LVO) in patients with suspected acute ischemic stroke; however, visual analysis is time consuming and prone to error. To evaluate solutions to support imaging triage, we tested performance of automated analysis of CTA source images (CTASI) at identifying patients with LVO.

Methods
Stroke patients with LVO were selected from a prospectively acquired cohort. A control group was selected from consecutive patients with clinically suspected stroke without signs of ischemia on CT perfusion (CTP) or infarct on follow-up. Software-based automated segmentation and Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements were performed on CTASI for all regions of the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS). We derived different parameters from raw measurements and analyzed their performance to identify patients with LVO using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results
The retrospective analysis included 145 patients, 79 patients with LVO stroke and 66 patients without stroke. The parameters hemispheric asymmetry ratio (AR), ratio between highest and lowest regional AR and M2-territory AR produced area under the curve (AUC) values from 0.95–0.97 (all p < 0.001) for detecting presence of LVO in the total population. Resulting sensitivity (sens)/specificity (spec) defined by the Youden index were 0.87/0.97–0.99. Maximum sens/spec defined by the specificity threshold ≥0.70 were 0.91–0.96/0.77–0.83. Performance in a small number of patients with isolated M2 occlusion was lower (AUC: 0.72–0.85).

Conclusion
Automated attenuation measurements on CTASI identify proximal LVO stroke patients with high sensitivity and specificity. This technique can aid in accurate and timely patient selection for thrombectomy, especially in primary stroke centers without CTP capacity.
Wenn ein urologischer Notfall auf eine internistische Krise hinweist
Authors: Abdeen Muhammad , Janssen Martin , Al-Kailani Zaid , Saar Matthias , Siemer Stefan , Stöckle Michael , Aßmann Gunter , Linxweiler Johannes 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Priapismus als klinische Manifestation einer hämatologischen Erkrankung ist selten. In diesem Fall liegt ein sowohl urologischer als auch internistischer Notfall vor, der einer umgehenden Therapie bedarf. Dieser Artikel beschreibt den klinischen Fall eines Priapismus als Erstmanifestation einer bis dahin nicht diagnostizierten chronisch-myeloischen Leukämie (CML) und erläutert die Resultate einer Literaturrecherche zu dieser Thematik.
Treatment type may influence degree of post-dislocation shoulder osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Verweij Lukas P. E. , Pruijssen Erik C. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. , Blankevoort Leendert , Sierevelt Inger N. , van Deurzen Derek F. P. , van den Bekerom Michel P. J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Age at primary dislocation, recurrence, and glenoid bone loss are associated with development of osteoarthritis (OA). However, an overview of OA following traumatic anterior shoulder instability is lacking and it is unclear to what degree type of surgery is associated with development of OA in comparison to non-operative treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of OA at long-term follow-up after non-operative and operative treatments for patients with anterior shoulder instability. Surgery is indicated when patients experience recurrence and this is associated with OA; therefore, it was hypothesized that shoulders show a higher proportion or degree of OA following operative treatment compared to non-operative treatment.

Methods
A literature search was performed in the PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Articles reporting the degree of OA that was assessed with the Samilson–Prieto or Buscayret OA classification method after non-operative and operative treatment for anterior shoulder instability with a minimum of 5 years follow-up were included.

Results
Thirty-six articles met the eligibility criteria of which 1 reported the degree of OA for non-operative treatment and 35 reported the degree of OA for 9 different operative procedures. A total of 1832 patients (1854 shoulders) were included. OA proportions of non-operative and operative treatments are similar at any point of follow-up. The Latarjet procedure showed a lower degree of OA compared to non-operative treatment and the other operative procedures, except for the Bristow procedure and Rockwood capsular shift. The meta-analyses showed comparable development of OA over time among the treatment options. An increase in OA proportion was observed when comparing the injured to the contralateral shoulder. However, a difference between the operative subgroups was observed in neither analysis.

Conclusion
Non-operative and operative treatments show similar OA proportions at any point of follow-up. The hypothesis that shoulders showed a higher proportion or degree of OA following operative treatment compared to non-operative treatment is not supported by the data. Operative treatment according to the Latarjet procedure results in a lower degree of OA compared to other treatments, including non-operative treatment.

Level of evidence
IV.
Urethral closure occurs by recoiling, pressure transmission, and a guarding reflex
Authors: Bergström Bo S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnhörning’s abdominal pressure transmission theory (ET) is built on Pascal’s law of fluid pressures. A theory that rejects ET also rejects this basic physical law and cannot be considered scientifically sound. The integral theory (IT) of female stress urinary incontinence rejects ET. This issue is discussed from the viewpoint of the urethral hanging theory of female stress urinary incontinence (UHT).