bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective clinical evaluation of 765 partial glass-ceramic posterior restorations luted using photo-polymerized resin composite in conjunction with immediate dentin sealing
Authors: Van den Breemer Carline R. G , Buijs Gerrit J. , Cune Marco S. , Özcan Mutlu , Kerdijk Wouter , Van der Made Stephan , Gresnigt Marco M. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical performance of partial glass-ceramic (IPS e.max Press) posterior restorations.Materials and methodsA total of 765 restorations in 158 patients were placed between 2008 and 2018 and evaluated in a prospective study during regular dental care visits between 2015 and 2018. The restorations were luted with a conventional photo-polymerized resin composite (HFO) in conjunction with an Immediate Dentin Sealing procedure (IDS). Intra-oral photographs and radiographs were made and evaluated using USPHS criteria.ResultsThe mean observation time was 53.3 months (range 3–113 months). Three absolute failures occurred (tooth fractures,n = 2; apical re-infection,n = 1) all leading to the loss of the restored tooth. Repairable and salvageable failures occurred in 9 teeth (endodontic complications,n = 7; secondary caries,n = 1; debonding,n = 1). The survival and success rates according to Kaplan-Meier after 5 years cumulated to 99.6% and 98.6%, respectively. Location (premolar/molar and mandibula/maxilla), pre-restorative endodontic status (vital/devitalised) and extension of the indirect ceramic restoration (number of sides and cusps involved) did not significantly affect the cumulative success rate (log rank test,p > 0.05). The condition of the vast majority of the restorations remained unaffected for 5 years.ConclusionsPartial glass-ceramic posterior restorations (pressed lithium disilicate (IPS e.max press, Ivoclar Vivadent) luted by means of a conventional photo-polymerized resin composite in conjunction with the use of an IDS procedure have an excellent medium-term prognosis.Clinical relevancePartial glass-ceramic posterior restorations can be considered as a highly reliable treatment option. Location and extension of the restoration and pre-restorative endodontic status do not affect success rate.
Shallow groundwater flow and inverted fresh/saline-water interface in a hypersaline endorheic basin (Great Basin, USA)
Authors: Mayo Alan L. , Tingey David G. , Rey Kevin A. , Winkel Tony D. , McBride John H. , Nelson Stephen T. , Carling Gregory T. , Bruthans Jiri , Petersen Erik C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPilot Valley is an 828-km2arid-region endorheic basin in western USA. Bounding mountain ranges rise as much as 1,900 m above the nearly flat 379-km2playa floor. Up to 3.8 m of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville mud and thin oolitic sand layers form the surface layer of the basin floor. Groundwater conditions were evaluated using data from shallow monitoring wells and borings, springs, infiltrometer measurements, slug and dilution tests, geophysical transects, and precision elevation surveys. Alluvial fan groundwater discharges at fan/playa interface springs and underflows to the shallow basin sediments along the western side of the basin; the groundwater only underflows along the eastern side. Precision surveying established a Lake Bonneville shore-line break in slope as the cause of the spring discharges. Tectonic tilting causes groundwater to flow from east to west and to the topographic low. Monthly measured and pressure transducer data established seasonal pressure responses and upward groundwater gradients. All basin groundwater is lost to evapotranspiration at the topographic low, where a thin salt pan has developed. Groundwater evolves from fresh to hypersaline near the alluvial fan/playa interface where there is an inverted salinity gradient and a groundwater pressure ridge. The pressure ridge and inverted salinity interface are due to: (1) osmotic pressure established between the oolitic sand of high hydraulic conductivity and the overlying low-hydraulic-conductivity lake mud at the fan/playa interface, and (2) the collision between fresh groundwater flow driven by a steep hydraulic head and hypersaline groundwater flow driven by a nearly flat hydraulic head.
Preclinical Performance Evaluation of a Robotic Endoscope for Non-Contact Laser Surgery
Authors: Kundrat D. , Graesslin R. , Schoob A. , Friedrich D. T. , Scheithauer M. O. , Hoffmann T. K. , Ortmaier T. , Kahrs L. A. , Schuler P. J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite great efforts, transoral robotic laser surgery has not been established clinically. Patient benefits are yet to be proven to accept shortcomings of robotic systems. In particular, laryngeal reachability and transition from microscope to accurate endoscopic laser ablation have not been achieved. We have addressed those challenges with a highly integrated robotic endoscope for non-contact endolaryngeal laser surgery. The current performance status has been assessed in multi-level user studies. In addition, the system was deployed to anex vivoporcine larynx. The robotic design comprises an extensible continuum manipulator with multifunctional tip. The latter features laser optics, stereo vision, and illumination. Vision-based performance assessment is derived from depth estimation and scene tracking. Novices and experts (n = 20) conducted teleoperated delineation tasks to mimic laser ablation of delicate anatomy. Delineation with motion-compensated and raw endoscopic visualisation was carried out on planar and non-planar nominal patterns. Root mean square tracing errors of less than 0.75 mm were feasible with task completion times below 45 s. Relevant anatomy in the porcine larynx was exposed successfully. Accuracy and usability of the integrated platform bear potential for dexterous laser manipulation in clinical settings. Cadaver andin vivoanimal studies may translateex vivofindings.
Self-evaluative Scientific Modeling in an Outreach Gene Technology Laboratory
Authors: Roth Tamara , Scharfenberg Franz-Josef , Mierdel Julia , Bogner Franz X. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe integration of scientific modeling into science teaching is key to the development of students’ understanding of complex scientific phenomena, such as genetics. With this in mind, we conducted an introductory hands-on module during an outreach gene technology laboratory on the structure of DNA. Our module examined the influence of two model evaluation variants on cognitive achievement: Evaluation 1, based on students’ hand-drawn sketches of DNA models and two open questions, and evaluation 2, based on students’ own evaluations of their models in comparison to a commercially available DNA model. We subsequently subdivided our sample (N = 296) into modellers-1 (n = 151) and modellers-2 (n = 145). Analyses of cognitive achievement revealed that modellers-2 achieved higher scores than modellers-1. In both cases, low achievers, in particular, benefitted from participation. Assessment of modellers-2 self-evaluation sheets revealed differences between self-evaluation and independent reassessment, as non-existent model features were tagged as correct whereas existent features were not identified. Correlation analyses between the models’ assessment scores and cognitive achievement revealed small-to-medium correlations. Consequently, our evaluation-2 phase impacted students’ performance in overall and model-related cognitive achievement, attesting to the value of our module as a means to integrate real scientific practices into science teaching. Although it may increase the workload for science teachers, we find that the potential scientific modeling holds as an inquiry-based learning strategy is worth the effort.
Generating Valid Linear Inequalities for Nonlinear Programs via Sums of Squares
Authors: Behrends Sönke , Schöbel Anita 
Published: August 2020

AbstractValid linear inequalities are substantial in linear and convex mixed-integer programming. This article deals with the computation of valid linear inequalities for nonlinear programs. Given a point in the feasible set, we consider the task of computing a tight valid inequality. We reformulate this geometrically as the problem of finding a hyperplane which minimizes the distance to the given point. A characterization of the existence of optimal solutions is given. If the constraints are given by polynomial functions, we show that it is possible to approximate the minimal distance by solving a hierarchy of sum of squares programs. Furthermore, using a result from real algebraic geometry, we show that the hierarchy converges if the relaxed feasible set is bounded. We have implemented our approach, showing that our ideas work in practice.
Atmospheric pollutants and their association with olive and grass aeroallergen concentrations in Córdoba (Spain)
Authors: Plaza Maria Pilar , Alcázar Purificación , Oteros José , Galán Carmen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCumulative data indicate that pollen grains and air pollution reciprocally interact. Climate changes seem also to influence pollen allergenicity. Depending on the plant species and on the pollutant type and concentration, this interaction may modify the features and metabolism of the pollen grain. Previous results revealed a significant positive correlation between pollen and aeroallergen, even using two different samplers. However, some discrepancy days have been also detected with low pollen but high aeroallergen concentrations. The main aim of the present paper is to find how the environmental factors, and specially pollutants, could affect the amount of allergens from olive and grass airborne pollen. Pollen grains were collected by a Hirst-type volumetric spore trap. Aeroallergen was simultaneously sampled by a low-volume Cyclone Burkard sampler. Phl p 5 and Ole e 1 aeroallergen were quantified by double-sandwich ELISA test. The data related to air pollutants, pollen grains, and aeroallergens were analyzed with descriptive statistic. Spearman’s correlation test was used to identify potential correlations between these variables. There is a significant positive correlation between aeroallergens and airborne pollen concentrations, in both studied pollen types, so allergen concentrations could be explained with the pollen concentration. The days with unlinked events coincide between olive and grass allergens. Nevertheless, concerning to our results, pollutants do not affect the amount of allergens per pollen. Even if diverse pollutants show an unclear relationship with the allergen concentration, this association seems to be a casual effect of the leading role of some meteorological parameters.
A simple hypoplastic model for overconsolidated clays
Authors: Wang Shun , Wu Wei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a simple hypoplastic constitutive model for overconsolidated clays. The model needs five independent parameters and is as simple as the modified Cam Clay model but with better performance. A structure tensor is introduced to account for the history dependence. Simulations of various elementary tests show that the model is capable of capturing the salient behavior of overconsolidated clays.
Sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.): Not Only a Weed but a Promising Vegetable and Medicinal Plant
Authors: Korpelainen Helena , Pietiläinen Maria 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSorrel (Rumex acetosaL.) is a perennial, dioecious herb occupying a variety of habitats. Sorrel has been utilized as a wild gathered plant for thousands of years and as a cultivated plant for centuries. Primarily roots but also other tissues have been used in folk remedies since ancient times. In recent investigations, different phytochemical and pharmacological activities ofRumexhave been analyzed, and many bioactive compounds have been detected. Sorrel is also a tasty plant and its leaves are a good source of macronutrients and micronutrients. However, the presence of high levels of oxalic acid reduces the bioavailability of some minerals, especially calcium, when using uncooked plant parts. Further investigations on different sorrel compounds are needed to show their true effect. It is beneficial that sorrel is easily propagated and there are no serious insect or disease problems. A few types ofR. acetosaseeds are presently available commercially, including wild types and a few cultivars.
Improving Nocturnal Hypoxemic Burden with Transvenous Phrenic Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Central Sleep Apnea
Authors: Oldenburg Olaf , Costanzo Maria Rosa , Germany Robin , McKane Scott , Meyer Timothy E. , Fox Henrik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNocturnal hypoxemic burden is established as a robust prognostic metric of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) to predict mortality and treating hypoxemic burden may improve prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate improvements in nocturnal hypoxemic burden using transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation (TPNS) to treat patients with central sleep apnea (CSA). The remedē System Pivotal Trial population was examined for nocturnal hypoxemic burden. The minutes of sleep with oxygen saturation < 90% significantly improved in Treatment compared with control (p < .001), with the median improving from 33 min at baseline to 14 min at 6 months. Statistically significant improvements were also observed for average oxygen saturation and lowest oxygen saturation. Hypoxemic burden has been demonstrated to be more predictive for mortality than apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and should be considered a key metric for therapies used to treat CSA. Transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation is capable of delivering meaningful improvements in nocturnal hypoxemic burden. There is increasing interest in endpoints other than apnea–hypopnea index in sleep-disordered breathing. Nocturnal hypoxemia burden may be more predictive for mortality than apnea–hypopnea index in patients with poor cardiac function. Transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation is capable of improving nocturnal hypoxemic burden.
Development of nuclear SNP markers for Mahogany (Swietenia spp.)
Authors: Pakull Birte , Schindler Lasse , Mader Malte , Kersten Birgit , Blanc-Jolivet Celine , Paulini Maike , Lemes Maristerra R. , Ward Sheila E. , Navarro Carlos M. , Cavers Stephen , Sebbenn Alexandre M. , di Dio Omar , Guichoux Erwan , Degen Bernd 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSwietenia species are the most valuable American tropical timbers and have been heavily overexploited for decades. The three species are listed as either vulnerable or endangered by IUCN and are included on Appendix II of CITES, yet illegal exploitation continues. Here, we used restriction associated DNA sequencing to develop a new set of 120 SNP markers for Swietenia sp., suitable for MassARRAY®iPLEX™ genotyping. These markers can be used for population genetic studies and timber tracking purposes.
Considerations for using race and ethnicity as quantitative variables in medical education research
Authors: Ross Paula T. , Hart-Johnson Tamera , Santen Sally A. , Zaidi Nikki L. Bibler 
Published: August 2020

Throughout history, race and ethnicity have been used as key descriptors to categorize and label individuals. The use of these concepts as variables can impact resources, policy, and perceptions in medical education. Despite the pervasive use of race and ethnicity as quantitative variables, it is unclear whether researchers use them in their proper context. In this Eye Opener, we present the following seven considerations with corresponding recommendations, for using race and ethnicity as variables in medical education research: 1) Ensure race and ethnicity variables are used to address questions directly related to these concepts. 2) Use race and ethnicity to represent social experiences, not biological facts, to explain the phenomenon under study. 3) Allow study participants to define their preferred racial and ethnic identity. 4) Collect complete and accurate race and ethnicity data that maximizes data richness and minimizes opportunities for researchers’ assumptions about participants’ identity. 5) Follow evidence-based practices to describe and collapse individual-level race and ethnicity data into broader categories. 6) Align statistical analyses with the study’s conceptualization and operationalization of race and ethnicity. 7) Provide thorough interpretation of results beyond simple reporting of statistical significance. By following these recommendations, medical education researchers can avoid major pitfalls associated with the use of race and ethnicity and make informed decisions around some of the most challenging race and ethnicity topics in medical education.
Simulating Code-switching Using a Neural Network Model of Bilingual Sentence Production
Authors: Tsoukala Chara , Broersma Mirjam , van den Bosch Antal , Frank Stefan L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCode-switching is the alternation from one language to the other during bilingual speech. We present a novel method of researching this phenomenon using computational cognitive modeling. We trained a neural network of bilingual sentence production to simulate early balanced Spanish–English bilinguals, late speakers of English who have Spanish as a dominant native language, and late speakers of Spanish who have English as a dominant native language. The model produced code-switches even though it was not exposed to code-switched input. The simulations predicted how code-switching patterns differ between early balanced and late non-balanced bilinguals; the balanced bilingual simulation code-switches considerably more frequently, which is in line with what has been observed in human speech production. Additionally, we compared the patterns produced by the simulations with two corpora of spontaneous bilingual speech and identified noticeable commonalities and differences. To our knowledge, this is the first computational cognitive model simulating the code-switched production of non-balanced bilinguals and comparing the simulated production of balanced and non-balanced bilinguals with that of human bilinguals.
Gnawing Away at the City: Narratives of Domestic Precarity in a Congolese Mining Town
Authors: Geenen Kristien 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe relationship between urbanization and mining is a precarious one; the latter often expands at the expense of the former. The incautious urban planning of a mining city in southeastern DR Congo, however, has opened up opportunities for residents with artisanal mining skills. Since the city is constructed on top of mineral deposits, the residents are able to dig ore in their own backyards to draw their subsistence. Based upon archival and ethnographic research, Geenen argues that, by self-generating the livelihoods they expected their resource-rich soil to bring forth, these artisanal diggers take advantage of the urbanized mineral deposits and write their own narrative of capitalism.
A Specialized Clinical Laboratory Center for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan Leishenshan Hospital During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Xie Yaofei , Wu Wenwen , Xie Wen , Jin Yi , Tan Xiaodong 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTResponding to the extreme scarcity of medical resources during the early outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, an emergency specialist hospital of Leishenshan started to construct on January 26, 2020, and accommodate patients on February 6, 2020. The clinical laboratory center of Leishenshan Hospital (CLCLH) was constructed at the same time within 11 days to support the treatment of inpatients in Leishenshan Hospital and the testing of suspected patients from different fever clinics in Wuhan. The CLCLH could perform a total of 320 clinic, 299 biochemistry, 31 microorganism, and 47 infection and immunity examinations per day. It could also complete an average of 239 nucleic acid tests and 118 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody examinations per day. No suspected cases were documented among the health care workers during the operation of the CLCLH. The construction and operation experiences of the CLCLH is provided in this study and might be used by other countries as reference. The content of this study is divided into 4 parts: (1) the establishment of the CLCLH, including its layout and medical resource allocation; (2) the major testing items; (3) the specific procedure of COVID-19 indicator examination; and (4) the standardized personal protection measures.
Establishing a 130-Bed Field Intensive Care Unit to Prepare for COVID-19 in 7 Days in Bahrain Military Hospital
Authors: Louri Nayef A. , Alkhan Jalal Abdulla , Isa Hayyan Hamad , Asad Yaser , Alsharooqi Abdulla , Alomari Khalifa Ahmed , Hasan Nahed Kamal , Al Khalifa Fahad Bin Khalifa , Ahmed Ghaida Fareed , Alasmi Muna Yaqoob , Al-Khalifa Dana Khalifa , Al Khalifa Khalid Bin Ali 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThis article reports the establishment of an isolated, fully functional field intensive care unit (FICU) unit equipped with all necessary critical care facilities as a part of the national pre-emptive preparedness to treat an unexpected surge outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Bahrain. One floor of an existing car parking structure was converted into a 130-bed FICU set-up by the in-house project implementation team comprised of multidisciplinary departments. The setting was a military hospital in the Kingdom of Bahrain, and the car park was on the hospital premises. The FICU contained a 112-bed fully equipped ICU and an 18-bed step-down ICU, and was built in 7 d to cater to the intensive care of COVID-19 patients in Bahrain.
Public Health Lessons Learned From Biases in Coronavirus Mortality Overestimation
Authors: Brown Ronald B. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIn testimony before US Congress on March 11, 2020, members of the House Oversight and Reform Committee were informed that estimated mortality for the novel coronavirus was 10-times higher than for seasonal influenza. Additional evidence, however, suggests the validity of this estimation could benefit from vetting for biases and miscalculations. The main objective of this article is to critically appraise the coronavirus mortality estimation presented to Congress. Informational texts from the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are compared with coronavirus mortality calculations in Congressional testimony. Results of this critical appraisal reveal information bias and selection bias in coronavirus mortality overestimation, most likely caused by misclassifying an influenza infection fatality rate as a case fatality rate. Public health lessons learned for future infectious disease pandemics include: safeguarding against research biases that may underestimate or overestimate an associated risk of disease and mortality; reassessing the ethics of fear-based public health campaigns; and providing full public disclosure of adverse effects from severe mitigation measures to contain viral transmission.