bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solving the Mystery of Genesis 49:10b? The Numerical Key
Authors: Knohl Israel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The four-words phrase עד כי יבא שילה in Gen 49:10b is a famous crux interpretum. I argue that the poem now contained in Genesis 49:2-27 had an elaborate numerical structure of verses, cola and words and that this structure can be fully appreciated only when we read this phrase as a five-words one: עד כי יבא שי לה.
From Thanksgiving to Lament: The Shape of Psalm 120
Authors: Villanueva Federico G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Psalm 120 does not follow the usual form-critical view of the lament. Instead of moving from lament to praise, this psalm begins with thanksgiving and ends with lament. To make sense of Psalm 120, some scholars emphasize the thanksgiving part (v. 1) while viewing the lament (vv. 2-7) as a past recollection of the situation before the thanksgiving. Others opt to highlight the lament, interpreting the thanksgiving as a recollection of a past answer to prayer. This paper demonstrates that Psalm 120 represents in miniature form what we find in Psalms 9/10 and Psalm 40 where the lament is preceded by thanksgiving. It argues that Psalm 120 is a literary composition in which the thanksgiving and lament are deliberately juxtaposed, and in this sequence, to express a sense of the tragic.
Ritual or Military Action?: Interpreting Israel’s Muster at Mizpah in 1 Sam 7:2-17
Authors: Keimer Kyle H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article evaluates the historicity of 1 Sam 7:2-17 in light of renewed analysis of the archaeological remains from Tell en-Nasbeh, other Iron Age I sites in the region of Benjamin, broader literary considerations in 1 Sam 1-10, and the geography of the Central Hill Country. In so doing, a case is made that there is far more going on in vv. 6-7 than what appears to be a miscommunication between the Israelites, who have gathered at the site of Mizpah, and the Philistines, who send troops against the Israelites. A historical reconstruction that considers the narrative form of 1 Sam 7:2-17 and the archaeological remains is offered, as is a new proposal for the identification of the site of Gibeath-elohim.
Isaiah 13:18
Authors: Williamson H. G. M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The first three words of Isa 13:18 have never been satisfactorily explained. The problems (especially semantic) that they raise are discussed before the proposal is made that their content fits much more closely with vv. 15-16. It is thus probable that they are some form of misplaced gloss or comment on those verses, now reworked (even if unsuccessfully) to try to make them fit their new setting.
The Description of Solomon’s Wedding: Song 3:6-11 as a Key to the Overall Understanding of the Song of Songs
Authors: Schellenberg Annette 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article argues that Song of Songs 3:7-11 is a mocking song about King Solomon and was not originally connected with 3:6. After presenting aspects of 3:7-11 that might convey criticism of Solomon, the thesis is further substantiated by observations showing that taking Solomon as a cipher for the nonroyal human lover or a divine lover does not work in this passage. The article concludes by pointing out some consequences of this analysis for the overall understanding of the Song.
On the Freedom and Control of the Press in China
Authors: Zhang Juxi , Wang Wenjuan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Over a considerable period of time, China has formulated a series of press freedom principles and guidelines for practice. These have their own distinctive features. China has also established its own legal system to regulate press freedom. By using the methods of literature analysis, text analysis, historical analysis and induction methods, this paper studies the origin, spiritual essence and core content of China’s press freedom. In addition, the current general framework and functions of China’s press laws, as well as the significance of press legislation, are discussed. The study finds that although China has established a relatively complete legal framework to govern the press, but with the rapid development of China’s social economy, the problems facing news dissemination will be more and more, the promulgation of specialized laws remains necessary and inevitable in the realization of the supervision of the press control. China needs to establish a perfect news law as soon as possible.
The Enneagram
Authors: Cusack Carole M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Enneagram, from the Greek ennea (nine) and grammos (written or drawn), is a nine-sided figure, presented as a triangle within a circle (connecting points 9, 3 and 6), that was taught by the esoteric teacher G.I. Gurdjieff and discussed in P.D. Ouspensky’s In Search of the Miraculous (1949). Gurdjieff stated that the Enneagram is “completely self-supporting and independent of other lines and it has been completely unknown up to the present time,” yet multiple origins have been claimed for the symbol (e.g., Christian, Sufi, Kabbalistic). This article situates the Enneagram in the Work context, and considers the post-Gurdjieffian Enneagram, which is chiefly used for personality analysis (indebted to Oscar Ichazo, founder of the Arica School).
‘The Master’s Voice’
Authors: Giudice Christian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Occultism has been present in popular music since the 1960s, but genuine occult content has been lacking in chart-topping bands, relegating more serious interactions between esoteric message and music to underground phenomena. An exception to this trend is Franco Battiato, who has sold in excess of three million records, one million of his masterpiece, La Voce del Padrone (The Voice of the Master, 1981), alone. This article analyses Battiato’s method of communicating occult lore through coded words, which couch esoteric meaning in exoteric forms of expressions. The article provides a substantial analysis of Battiato’s career, including his spiritual research through the works of Sufi masters, René Guénon and, especially, the teachings of the Armenian mystic G.I. Gurdjieff. Through a textual analysis of Battiato’s lyrics of his most mystical works (1979–1982), I aim to identify the Italian songwriter’s hidden references to the works of Gurdjieff and his disciple P.D. Ouspensky, proving that Battiato represents a rare case of a pop musician whose works are informed by occult knowledge, and who wants to communicate this hidden lore to listeners.
Studying Change in Religious Organizations: A Discourse-Centered Framework
Authors: Moberg Marcus 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article highlights the discourse-driven nature of contemporary processes of religious change. Drawing on the textually-oriented discourse theory and discourse analysis of Fairclough supplemented by additional perspectives from organizational discourse studies, the article outlines a discourse-centered analytic framework for the empirical study of the changing discursive practices and modus operandi of contemporary religious organizations. The framework consists of four analytic factors, each of which highlight the role that discourse plays at various levels of processes of religious organizational change. The article demonstrates the application of the framework in actual practice in relation to empirical examples from five traditional Christian churches in three different national contexts, thus bringing the tangible effects of changing discursive practices on the operations and practices of religious organizations into clear focus.
Alteration in the oxidative status of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) fed with a diet containing Centaurea depressa M. Bieb. (Asteraceae)
Authors: Güneş Eda 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The aim of the this study was to evaluate the effects of fresh, dried and freeze-dried Centaurea depressa M. Bieb. (Asteraceae) on the oxidant and antioxidant status of the model organism D. melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) experimentally. The study was carried out from 2016 to 2019, and plant leaf extracts (0-50 mg/l) were added to insect standard artificial diets. The total protein, protein carbonyl content and glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were quantified at the insect’s third larval stage. Our data showed that protein carbonyl content varied from 2.70 nmol/mg protein in the control group to 59.11 nmol/mg protein in the group fed with fresh leaf extract signifying induction of oxidative stress. All extracts increased the levels of all antioxidant enzymes and decreased the amounts of total protein. Meanwhile, the group fed with the freeze-dried extract showed no significant difference in the levels of total protein and protein carbonyl content except at the 50 mg/l concentration of the extract. Moreover, this group had superoxide dismutase and catalase activities 4 to 5 times higher than in the control group. In conclusion, induction of oxidative stress indicates that the fresh form of C. depressa leaves may have potential as a natural pesticide, whereas induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes by the freeze-dried extract suggest its potential as an antioxidant.
New Horizons in Protecting Zanzibar’s Environment: an Examination of the Environmental Management Act, 2015
Authors: Majamba Hamudi Ismail 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The promulgation of the Environmental Management Act, 2015 of Zanzibar is a relatively new development. It has ushered optimism in the environmental management and protection realm in Zanzibar. The Act repeals and replaces the framework Environmental Management and Sustainable Development Act of 1996. Ostensibly this development seeks to reflect the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar’s (RGZ) concerted effort to address the rampant environmental degradation on the Isles by taking into account a number of developments at the international and local levels. The article provides a critical analysis of the new Act by, inter alia, making some comparisons with the repealed framework law. Its main thesis posits that although the intention of the RGZ is plausible, the new law is not an inviolable recipe for addressing the major challenges of environmental degradation facing the Archipelago.
How Much of What We Learn in Virtual Reality Transfers to Real-World Navigation?
Authors: Hejtmanek Lukas , Starrett Michael , Ferrer Emilio , Ekstrom Arne D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Past studies suggest that learning a spatial environment by navigating on a desktop computer can lead to significant acquisition of spatial knowledge, although typically less than navigating in the real world. Exactly how this might differ when learning in immersive virtual interfaces that offer a rich set of multisensory cues remains to be fully explored. In this study, participants learned a campus building environment by navigating (1) the real-world version, (2) an immersive version involving an omnidirectional treadmill and head-mounted display, or (3) a version navigated on a desktop computer with a mouse and a keyboard. Participants first navigated the building in one of the three different interfaces and, afterward, navigated the real-world building to assess information transfer. To determine how well they learned the spatial layout, we measured path length, visitation errors, and pointing errors. Both virtual conditions resulted in significant learning and transfer to the real world, suggesting their efficacy in mimicking some aspects of real-world navigation. Overall, real-world navigation outperformed both immersive and desktop navigation, effects particularly pronounced early in learning. This was also suggested in a second experiment involving transfer from the real world to immersive virtual reality (VR). Analysis of effect sizes of going from virtual conditions to the real world suggested a slight advantage for immersive VR compared to desktop in terms of transfer, although at the cost of increased likelihood of dropout. Our findings suggest that virtual navigation results in significant learning, regardless of the interface, with immersive VR providing some advantage when transferring to the real world.
The Generic Nature of the Tropospheric Response to Sudden Stratospheric Warmings
Authors: White Ian P. , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Gerber Edwin P. , Jucker Martin , Hitchcock Peter , Rao Jian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe tropospheric response to midwinter sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) is examined using an idealized model. SSW events are triggered by imposing high-latitude stratospheric heating perturbations of varying magnitude for only a few days, spun off from a free-running control integration (CTRL). The evolution of the thermally triggered SSWs is then compared with naturally occurring SSWs identified in CTRL. By applying a heating perturbation, with no modification to the momentum budget, it is possible to isolate the tropospheric response directly attributable to a change in the stratospheric polar vortex, independent of any planetary wave momentum torques involved in the initiation of an SSW. Zonal-wind anomalies associated with the thermally triggered SSWs first propagate downward to the high-latitude troposphere after ~2 weeks, before migrating equatorward and stalling at midlatitudes, where they straddle the near-surface jet. After ~3 weeks, the circulation and eddy fluxes associated with thermally triggered SSWs evolve very similarly to SSWs in CTRL, despite the lack of initial planetary wave driving. This suggests that at longer lags, the tropospheric response to SSWs is generic and it is found to be linearly governed by the strength of the lower-stratospheric warming, whereas at shorter lags, the initial formation of the SSW potentially plays a large role in the downward coupling. In agreement with previous studies, synoptic waves are found to play a key role in the persistent tropospheric jet shift at long lags. Synoptic waves appear to respond to the enhanced midlatitude baroclinicity associated with the tropospheric jet shift, and preferentially propagate poleward in an apparent positive feedback with changes in the high-latitude refractive index.
Comparative Evaluation of Volumetric Current Measurements in a Tidally Dominated Coastal Setting: A Virtual Field Experiment
Authors: Harrison Trevor , Thyng Kristen M. , Polagye Brian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHigh-resolution, four-dimensional mapping of currents in tidally dominated coastal settings can be conducted with a range of instrumentation. Here, we assess four approaches to data collection: an X-band radar, a stationary (bottom mounted) acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), a mobile (vessel based) ADCP, and a swarm of Lagrangian floats. Using the output from a hydrodynamic simulation, a virtual field campaign was performed at 24 locations in Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, Washington, during spring and neap tidal exchanges. A reconstruction of the volumetric currents was generated for each platform every 15 min and evaluated against the true currents to assess accuracy over a horizontal extent of 400 m × 500 m at 5 m resolution and vertically through the entire water column (20–80 m) at 2 m resolution. Results demonstrate that, for this survey extent and resolution, a vessel-based ADCP survey is most accurate, followed closely by the float swarm. The overall performance hierarchy persists over most locations and times. Thus, if mapping currents at high resolution (<10 m) and short time scales (<1 day) is the primary scientific objective, vessel-based ADCP surveys are likely the best option. For longer-duration surveys, a combined deployment with a stationary ADCP and X-band radar system is the best choice. Last, if in situ measurements of scalar properties (e.g., salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen) are also desired, float swarms can simultaneously sample these while surveying currents with accuracy comparable to mobile ADCPs.
Defining Risk of Postoperative Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients With 22q11.2DS Undergoing Pharyngeal Flap Surgery for Velopharyngeal Dysfunction Using Polysomnographic Evaluation
Authors: Lee Alfred , Chang Brian L. , Solot Cynthia , Crowley Terrence B. , Vemulapalli Vamsee , McDonald-McGinn Donna M. , Maguire Meg Ann , Mason Thornton B. A. , Elden Lisa , Cielo Christopher M. , Jackson Oksana A. 
Published: January 2020

Objective: To determine pre- and postoperative prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DS) undergoing wide posterior pharyngeal flap (PPF) surgery for velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD). Design: Retrospective study using pre- and postoperative polysomnography (PSG) to determine prevalence of OSA. Medical records were reviewed for patients’ medical comorbidities. Parents were surveyed about snoring. Setting: Academic tertiary care pediatric hospital. Patients: Forty patients with laboratory confirmed 22q11.2DS followed over a 6-year period. Interventions: Pre- and postoperative PSG, speech evaluation, and parent surveys. Main Outcome Measure: Severity and prevalence of OSA, defined by obstructive apnea hypopnea index (OAHI), before and after PPF surgery to determine whether PPF is associated with increased risk of OSA. Results: Mean OAHI did not change significantly after PPF surgery (1.1/h vs 2.1/h, P = .330). Prevalence of clinically significant OSA (OAHI ≥ 5) was identical pre- and postoperatively (2 of 40), with both cases having severe-range OSA requiring positive airway pressure therapy. All other patients had mild-range OSA. Nasal resonance was graded as severe preoperatively in 85% of patients. None were graded as severe postoperatively. No single patient factor or parent-reported concern predicted risk of OSA (OAHI ≥ 1.5). Conclusions: Patients with 22q11.2DS are medically complex and are at increased risk of OSA at baseline. Wide PPF surgery for severe VPD does not significantly increase risk of OSA. Careful perioperative planning is essential to optimize both speech and sleep outcomes.
Firework-inflicted ocular trauma in children and adults in an urban German setting
Authors: Lenglinger Matthias A , Zorn Malte , Pilger Daniel , von Sonnleithner Christoph , Rossel Mirjam , Salchow Daniel J , Bertelmann Eckart 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To assess firework-inflicted ocular trauma in the German capital during the week around New Year’s Eve with regards to patient characteristics and age, severity of injuries, and their management and outcome. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients presenting to the department of ophthalmology of Charité—University Medicine Berlin during a 7-day period around New Year’s Eve in the years 2014–2017 was performed. Patients with ocular complaints and injuries caused by fireworks were included. We recorded demographic data, active role, visual acuity at presentation and at last follow-up, the most pertinent clinical findings, management and outcome with regards to visual acuity, and integrity of the eye. Results: A total of 146 patients with 165 injured eyes were included. Median age at presentation was 23 (4–58) years, and 71.2% were male. Fifty-one patients (34.9%) were less than 18 years old. Ninty-seven patients (66.4%) sustained minor, 34 (23.3%) sustained moderate, and 15 (10.3%) sustained severe injuries. Severe trauma was seen in younger patients (median age: 12, range: 4–58 years) than mild and moderate trauma (median age: 23, range: 4–45 years) and resulted in loss of light perception in two eyes and in a visual acuity of only light perception in three eyes. One eye was enucleated. Conclusion: Ocular trauma inflicted by fireworks can have serious consequences for ocular morbidity and visual acuity, especially in severe trauma which affected younger patients. To significantly reduce firework-inflicted trauma, a ban of private fireworks in densely populated areas and in the vicinity of children should be considered.
Limb preserving surgery for soft-tissue sarcoma in the hand: a retrospective study of 51 cases
Authors: Dadras Mehran , Steinau Hans-Ulrich , Goertz Ole , Lehnhardt Marcus , Behr Björn , Harati Kamran 
Published: January 2020

Our retrospective study analysed the long-term results of a conservative limb-preserving surgical strategy in 51 patients with soft-tissue sarcoma of the hand from a single institution. We assessed survival and prognostic factors, including the surgical margins. No transradial amputations were performed. Microscopically free resection margins were obtained in 45 of the patients. The remaining six patients had microscopically incomplete resection. Forty-four surviving patients had a median follow-up of 6.5 years (range 12–307), and one patient had no follow-up beyond 3 months following surgery. Among those patients, 29 had more than 5 years of follow-up. Five-year local-recurrence-free survival was 65%, metastasis-free survival was 84%, and disease-specific survival was 91%. Tumour size was predictive of all outcome parameters, but positive resection margins adversely affected local recurrence only. Survival was similar to the survival after a more radical surgical approach reported in the literature. Level of evidence: IV
Intraconal Anatomy of the Anterior Ethmoidal Neurovascular Bundle: Implications for Surgery in the Superomedial Orbit
Authors: Li Lifeng , London Nyall R. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L. 
Published: January 2020

Background The anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) branches from the ophthalmic artery in the superomedial intraconal space. The feasibility of management of lesions arising from the superomedial intraconal space via an endoscopic endonasal approach has not been sufficiently explored. Objective To yield a detailed anatomic description of the anterior ethmoidal neurovascular bundle and its variants to serve as the foundation for possible management of lesions in the superomedial intraconal space. Methods Eight cadaveric specimens (16 sides) were dissected using an endonasal approach, tracing the AEA proximally through the superomedial intraconal space. Furthermore, the anatomy of adjacent structures was noted, and distances from the anterior ethmoidal foramen to the origin of the AEA at the ophthalmic artery were measured. Results Supraorbital cells were found in 13/16 sides (81.25%), and a bony dehiscence of the anterior ethmoidal canal was observed in 5/16 sides (31.25%). The nasociliary nerve, ophthalmic artery, superior division of the oculomotor nerve, superior rectus muscle, and levator palpebrae superioris were routinely identified in the superomedial intraconal space. The AEA passed through a corridor between the medial rectus and superior oblique muscles after arising from the ophthalmic artery (lateral to the foramen) in all specimens. The average distance from its origin to the anterior ethmoidal foramen was 5.19 ± 0.98 mm. Conclusion Anatomically, it is feasible to access the superomedial intraconal space via an endoscopic endonasal approach. This study provides the anatomical basis for procedures in the superomedial intraconal space.