bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Medium Chain Fatty Acids for generic Escherichia coli, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Campylobacter coli, and Clostridium perfringens.
Authors: Cochrane Roger A. , Amachawadi Raghavendra G. , Remfry Sarah E. , Lerner Annie B. , Nagaraja Tiruvoor G. , Woodworth Jason C. , Dritz Steve S. , Tokach Michael D. , Jones Cassandra 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Research has demonstrated that medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) can serve as reduction strategies for bacterial and viral pathogens in animal feed and ingredients. However, it is unknown how the type or level of MCFA impact bacteria growth. This can be tested through a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) benchtop assay, which identifies the lowest concentration of a chemical that prevents visible growth of a bacterium. The objective of this study was to 1) determine the MCFA MIC of C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, and C12:0 for generic Escherichia coli, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Campylobacter coli, and Clostridium perfringens; 2) determine the MIC of commercial based MCFA products against the same bacteria; and 3) determine the effect of 2 commercial based MCFA products on the quantification of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. For Exp. 1 and 2, MIC were determined by modified microbroth dilution method using a 96 well microtiter plate with a concentration of 105 CFU/mL for each bacterial strain. For Exp. 3, the two products selected for quantification were mixed with a complete swine diet and inoculated with two concentrations (106 or 102 CFU/g of feed) of a NalR strain of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) for bacterial enumeration. From Exp. 1, the MIC of MCFA varied among bacteria species. The lowest MIC of the MCFA was 0.43% of a 1:1:1 blend of C6:0, C8:0, and C10:0 for Campylobacter coli, 0.25% C12:0 for Clostridium perfringens, 0.60% 1:1:1 blend for generic Escherichia coli, 0.53% C6:0 for ETEC, and 0.40% C6:0 for Salmonella Typhimurium. In Exp. 2, products containing high concentrations of C6:0 or C8:0 had lower MIC in gram negative bacteria. In Exp. 3, feed containing either of the commercial based MCFA products reduced (linear, P < 0.05) quantifiable ETEC. Overall, the inhibitory efficacy of MCFA varies among bacteria species. This suggests that MCFA mixtures may provide a wider spectrum of bacterial control. As commercial products containing MCFA become available for livestock, it is important to consider the interaction between MCFA chain length and concentration on the potential to effectively mitigate various feed-based bacteria.
Potentiality of Magnetic Filtration on Wastewater Treatment with Flyash Media
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Barman Rajlakshmi , Singh T.S Anantha , Kandya Anurag 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Water being one of the most precious resources for the Survival of life is on the verge of depletion and hence various treatment processes to treat wastewater are being researched. Speaking about waste, another solid waste comes into the picture which is available in abundance and easily accessible i.e. “FLY ASH”. Many researches have been done to utilize the fly ash for removal of heavy metal like Arsenic, Cadmium, and Nickle etc. for the past years. This paper is based on the idea of utilization of the magnetic property of the Nano iron particles present in the fly ash as well as the adsorption capacity of the carbon particles present in the fly ash. The magnetic property harnessed by the means of magnetic filtration lead to a decrease in the settlement time of the sludge to 35 seconds in 1000ml of wastewater with a fly ash concentration of 12 g/l. Turbidity removal was 95% in most cases at variable settlement time. The wastewater used for the experiment/study was obtained from an Educational University in Gandhinagar, having various organic and inorganic contents. This sewage water initially having an over range turbidity which was reduced to a limit of 50 to 100 NTU by Fly ash treatment process induced with magnetic filtration. Atomic spectrometric test for Fe+ ions was done and the result obtained has slight decrease in the Fe+ concentration in the treated water. The whole treatment process done by the adopted method lead to a huge decrease of time span for treatment as compared with the standard adopted process for the treatment of sewage water at the university treatment plant.
Deep learning based DNA:RNA triplex forming potential prediction
Authors: ZHANG Yu , Long Yahui , Kwoh Chee Keong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can exert functions via forming triplex with DNA. The current methods in predicting the triplex formation mainly rely on mathematic statistic according to the base paring rules. However, these methods have two main limitations: i) they identify a large number of triplex forming lncRNAs, but the limited number of experimental verified triplex forming lncRNA indicate that maybe not all of them can from triplex in practice, and ii) their prediction only consider the theoretical relationship while lacking the features from the experimentally verified data.
Results
In this work, we develop an integrated program named TriplexFPP (Triplex Forming Potential Prediction), which is the first machine learning model in DNA:RNA triplex prediction. TriplexFPP predicts the most likely triplex forming lncRNAs and DNA sites based on the experimentally verified data, where their high-level features are learned by the deep neural networks. In the 5-fold cross validation, its average values of Area Under the ROC curves and PRC curves for triplex forming lncRNA and DNA sites predictions are 0.9949 and 0.9999, 0.8775 and 0.9692, respectively. Besides, we also briefly summarized the cis and trans targeting of triplexes lncRNAs.
Conclusions
The TriplexFPP can predict the most likely triplex forming lncRNAs from all the lncRNAs with computationally defined triplex forming capacities, and predict the potential of a DNA site to become a triplex. It may provide insights to the exploration of lncRNA functions.
Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer thickness in Alzheimer's disease using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Jindahra Panitha , Hengsiri Nitchanan , Witoonpanich Pirada , Poonyathalang Anuchit , Pulkes Teeratorn , Tunlayadechanont Supoch , Thadanipon Kunlawat , Vanikieti Kavin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the feasibility of using optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD), by measuring the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL).Methods: This was a single-center, cross-sectional study. The study included 29 patients with AD (mean age ± standard deviation: 75.61 ± 6.24 years) and 29 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. All participants underwent cognitive evaluations using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test. Measurements of the RNFL thickness, as well as GCL-IPL thickness, were obtained for all participants using OCT. Both RNFL and GCL-IPL parameters were adjusted for best–corrected visual acuity.Results: The mean RNFL thickness was significantly thinner in the AD group than in the control group (85.24 and 90.68 µm, respectively, adjusted P = 0.019). The superior quadrant was thinner in the AD group (adjusted P = 0.042). The thicknesses did not differ significantly between groups for the other quadrants. The mean GCL-IPL thickness in the AD (68.81 µm) was significantly thinner than that in the controls (76.42 µm) (adjusted P = 0.010). Overall, there was a negative correlation between age and mean RNFL; and between age and GCL-IPL thickness (r = − 0.338, P = 0.010 and r = − 0.346, P = 0.008, respectively).Conclusions: The mean RNFL and GCL-IPL thicknesses were thinner in the AD group than in the control group. These findings suggest that RNFL and GCL-IPL thickness may be biological markers for AD.
Risk Factors for Exposure of Baerveldt Glaucoma Drainage Implants: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Edo Ayaka , Jian Koji , Kiuchi Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Glaucoma drainage implant exposure is one of the serious complications after glaucoma drainage implant surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk factors for exposure of the device after implantation of a Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant.
Methods
This is a retrospective review of the medical records of all patients who underwent Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant surgery at the Hiroshima University Hospital between April 1, 2012 and October 31, 2016, and who were followed for at least 6 months after surgery. We examined the risk factors for implant exposure based on data obtained from the medical records, with particular focus on the differences in implant models.
Results
A total of 80 eyes from 80 patients were identified; all patients were Japanese. In this study, the rate of Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant exposure was 15.0% (12 of 80). The exposure rate of the BG 102–350 was tended to be higher than that for the BG 101–350 and BG 103–250 (p = 0.092; adjusted odds ratio = 3.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–13.58). In the patients who had diabetic mellitus, the BG 102–350 showed a significant risk of implant exposure (p = 0.038; adjusted odds ratio = 15.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–202.59).
Conclusions
In Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant surgery in patients with diabetes, using the BG 102–350 was associated with greater risk of implant exposure compared with using BG 101–350 or BG 103–250.
Expectant Management of Pneumothorax in Intubated COVID 19 Positive Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Elder Colby , Bawa Sheina , Anderson Douglas , Atkinson Stephen , Etzel Joshua , Moritz Troy 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: There is an increasing amount of literature describing the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and its associated complications. Historically, a small pneumothorax has been shown to be successfully treated without chest tube insertion, but this management has yet to be proven in COVID-19 pneumonia patients. In addition, pneumothorax in an intubated patient with high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) provides additional uncertainty with pursuing non-operative management. Case Presentation: In this series we report four cases of patients with respiratory distress who tested positive for COVID-19 via nasopharyngeal swab and developed ventilator-induced pneumothoraces which were successfully managed with observation alone.Conclusions: Management of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia on positive pressure ventilation who develop small stable pneumothoraces can be safely observed without chest tube insertion.
The cost and effect of expanding a Patient Tracer programme to identify and return patients loss to follow up at a large HIV Clinic in Trinidad
Authors: Edwards R. Jeffrey , Lyons Nyla , Samaroo-Francis Wendy , Lavia Leon-Omari , John Isshad , Todd Selena , Edwards Jonathan , Boyce Gregory 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Patients who default from HIV care are usually poorly adherent to antiretroviral treatment which results in suboptimal viral suppression. The study evaluated the effect and cost of expanding an intervention using two Patient Tracers to track and return to care patients lost to follow up at a large HIV Clinic in Trinidad.Methods: Two Social Workers were trained as Patient Tracers and hired initially for 6 months (April –September 2017), then extended to 15 months (April 2017 – June 2018) to call patients who were lost to follow up for 30 days or more during the period July 2016 – May 2018 at the HIV Clinic Medical Research Foundation of Trinidad and Tobago. Both the outcomes of the intervention, and costs were assessed over time. Results: Over the 15 month period, of the of 2,473 patients who missed their scheduled visits for one month or more, 261 (10.6%) patients were no longer in active care - 89 patients dead, 65 migrated, 55 hospitalized, 33 transferred to another treatment clinic and 19 incarcerated. Of the remaining 2,212 patients eligible for tracing, 1,794 (81.1%) patients were returned to care at an average cost of $38.09 USD per patient returned to care as compared to 589 of 866 (68%) patients returned to care over the 6 month period (p < 0.001) at an estimated cost of $47.72 USD per patient returned to care (p<0.001). Of the 1,794 patients returned to care, 1,686 (94%) were re-initiated/started on anti-retroviral therapy and 72.7% of these were virally suppressed (viral load <1,000 copies/ml) as of December 2018.Conclusions: Patient Tracing is a feasible and effective intervention to identify and resolve the status of patients who are loss to follow up to bring these patients back into care with the aim of achieving viral suppression on antiretroviral therapy. Over time the effect of costs of patients returned to care demonstrated greater yields making patient tracing a sustainable intervention for programmes to identify and return patients to care.
Attentiveness Toward Oral Care Needs for Preventing Aspiration Pneumonia: A Comparative Study of Indonesian Care Workers in Japan and Indonesia
Authors: Hirano Yuko O. , Nugraha Susiana , Shiozu Hiroyasu , Higashijima Misako , Rahardjo Tri Budi W 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Japan has opened its labor market to care workers from Indonesia under the Japan–Indonesia Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA). Many foreign care workers wish to enter Japan to learn skills that they can apply upon returning to work in their home countries. However, little research has examined the types of care skills that could be transferred between countries. In this study, we assessed Indonesian care workers employed at care institutions in Japan and Indonesia to identify discrepancies in their attentiveness toward checking essential points of oral care for older adults. Methods: A checklist comprising 42 items of universal oral care assessment was developed prior to the study. The checklist was distributed via the Internet to 418 Indonesian EPA care workers in Japan, and via a paper survey to 213 Indonesian care workers in Indonesia. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the distribution of scores for each checklist item in each group. Results: The respondents comprised 110 Japan-based EPA care workers (response rate: 26.3%) and 213 Indonesia-based care workers (response rate: 99.1%). Comparing the two groups, Japan-based care workers were significantly more likely to perform environmental observations of their older adult patients (p < 0.001) and to check items on the oral care checklist during feeding (p < 0.01) and post-meal (p < 0.01) periods, while Indonesia-based care workers were more likely to check the overall condition of patients before meals (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Discrepancies between the two groups in checking the essential points of oral care were attributed to differences in laws and regulations governing the care environment. Indonesian care workers employed in Japan have the advantage of learning to provide a more systematic approach to caring for older adults in accordance with Japan’s Long-Term Care Act. This approach could contribute to lowering the risk of aspiration pneumonia in Indonesia. A training program designed for returning migrant workers to transfer newly developed oral care skills will be essential for Indonesia to keep pace with the negative impacts of its aging population.
Vestibular physical therapy improves turning not straight walking during the inertial sensor-instrumented Timed Up and Go test
Authors: Kim Kyoung Jae , Gimmon Yoav , Millar Jennifer , Brewer Kelly , Serrador Jorge , Schubert Michael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Deficits in vestibular function increase the risk for fall while turning. However, the clinical assessment of turning in patients with vestibular dysfunction is lacking, and evidence is limited that identifies how effective vestibular physical therapy (VPT) is for improving turning performance. Objective: To quantify and compare walking and turning performance during the instrumented timed up and go (TUG) test using inertial measurement units (IMUs) for clinical settings. We investigate novel instrumented TUG parameters for ability to distinguish patients with unilateral vestibular deafferentation (UVD) from control groups, and discriminate the differences in turning parameters of UVD patients following a VPT program. Methods: We recruited 38 patients following UVD surgery, 26 age-matched Veteran patient (VA) controls with reports of non-vestibular dizziness, and 12 age-matched healthy controls. Individuals were donned with body-worn IMUs and given verbal instructions to complete the TUG test as fast as safely possible. The IMU-instrumented and automated assessment of the TUG test provided component-based TUG parameters, including the novel walking:turning ratio. Among the UVD patients, 19 patients completed an additional instrumented TUG testing after VPT. Results: The walking:turning time ratio showed that turning performance in pre VPT UVD patients are significantly more impaired than VA patients and healthy controls (p < 0.001). Vestibular rehabilitation significantly improved turning performance and “normalized” their walking:turning time ratio compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). However, the duration of the straight walking component in UVD patients before VPT was not significantly different as to that after VPT as well as healthy controls. Conclusions: Our data showed that the IMU-instrumented TUG test can distinguish patients with vestibular deafferentation and objectively quantify the change in their turning performance after surgery. The IMU-based instrumented TUG parameters have potential to quantify the efficacy of VPT and be adopted in the clinic.
Postural Control Strategy After Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: Effect of Sensory Inputs on Trunk-leg Movement Coordination
Authors: Noamani Alireza , Lemay Jean-François , Musselman Kristin E. , Rouhani Hossein 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Postural control is affected after incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) due to sensory and motor impairments. Any alteration in the availability of sensory information can challenge postural stability in this population and may lead to a variety of adaptive movement coordination patterns. Hence, identifying the underlying impairments and changes to movement coordination patterns is necessary for effective rehabilitation post-iSCI. This study aims to compare the postural control strategy between iSCI and able-bodied populations by quantifying the trunk-leg movement coordination under conditions that affects sensory information.
Methods
13 individuals with iSCI and 14 aged-matched able-bodied individuals performed quiet standing on hard and foam surfaces with eyes open and closed. We used mean Magnitude-Squared Coherence between trunk-leg accelerations measured by accelerometers placed over the sacrum and tibia.
Results
We observed a similar ankle strategy at lower frequencies (f ≤ 1.0 Hz) between populations. However, we observed a decreased ability post-iSCI in adapting inter-segment coordination changing from ankle strategy to ankle-hip strategy at higher frequencies (f > 1.0 Hz). Moreover, utilizing the ankle-hip strategy at higher frequencies was challenged when somatosensory input was distorted, whereas depriving visual information did not affect balance strategy.
Conclusion
Trunk-leg movement coordination assessment showed sensitivity, discriminatory ability, and excellent test-retest reliability to identify changes in balance control strategy post-iSCI and due to altered sensory inputs. Trunk-leg movement coordination assessment using wearable sensors can be used for objective outcome evaluation of rehabilitative interventions on postural control post-iSCI.
Development of an Unpowered Energy Recycling Exoskeleton for Walking Assist
Authors: wang kun , Gao Xiujie , Ma Kefeng , She Xiaojun , Yang Honglian , Cui Bo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

A reduction of energy used during walking could present a significant advantage for both healthy individuals and those with reduced mobility. Current unpowered exoskeletons have shown a net reduction in energy consumption for walking, but commonly with a clutch and assist on the heel. This paper presents the development of a lightweight energy recycling exoskeleton without a clutch and assists on the forefoot.
Methods

Eight healthy participants were tested during walking at 1.25 m/s on a treadmill wearing exoskeletons of four kinds of conditions. Electromyography (EMG) of the soleus muscle and gastrocnemius muscle were collected.
Results

Our results showed that the novel exoskeleton could make the peak and average EMG-values of soleus muscles drop about 13% and 8% respectively, and that of gastrocnemius muscles drop about 12% and 13% respectively.
Conclusions

The results of the present work demonstrate for the first time that the novel energy recycling exoskeleton can improve the walking economy, and this device could be feasibly worn for a broad range of individuals.
The Antidiabetic and Spectral Analysis of Various Extracts of Lilium Polyphyllum
Authors: mir mohd , ashraf waqar , singh priya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

The Antidiabetic and Spectral Analysis of Various Extracts of Lilium polyphyllum
Methods

The study involves antidiabetic and spectral analysis, in which inhibition of alpha amylase and alpha glycosidase inhibition was carried out by various extracts of Lilium polyphyllum.
Results

The plant showed a good inhibiting potential of amylase and glycosidase, the two key enzymes responsible for the breakdown of oligosaccharides into glucose molecules. Among the extracts the inhibition of alpha amylase was found to be 54.95% by water extract, 53.01% by ethanol extract and 47.87% by DCM extract. The percentage inhibition of alpha glucosidase was found to be 48.48% by water extract, 48.48% by ethanol extract and 43.85% by DCM extracts. GC-MS analysis involves isolation of, Methyl 2-furoate, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, Methyl piperate, Piperine, Palmitic acid, Methyl Palmitate, which in turn justifies the antidiabetic properties of the concerned plant. So the plant can act as good source of antidiabetic drug. The water extract is more beneficial than other extracts.
Conclusion

The inhibiting potential of natural products have been found as a good choice for the diabetic patients as they did not led to side effects. Similarly in the above study it had been found that Lilium polyphyllum posses many biosignitures which have the amylase and glycosidase inhibiting potential, among which polar components have more tendency than the less polar.