bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encapsulation of thiabendazole in hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin nanofibers via polymer‐free electrospinning and its characterization
Authors: Gao Shuang , Liu Yanyan , Jiang Jingyu , Li Xiaoming , Zhao Lixia , Fu Ying , Ye Fei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThiabendazole (TBZ) is a poorly water‐soluble benzimidazole fungicide. However, the water solubility of TBZ can be significantly enhanced by inclusion complexation with cyclodextrins. In this study, a thiabendazole/hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (TBZ/HPβCD) complex was synthesized and electrospinning was performed to produce a TBZ/HPβCD nanofibrous (TBZ/HPβCD‐NF) complex that improved water solubility and antifungal activity.RESULTSThe formation of TBZ/HPβCD‐NF was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance. The morphology of TBZ/HPβCD‐NF was studied by scanning electron microscopy. A phase solubility experiment showed that HPβCD exerted a great solubilization effect on TBZ, and TBZ/HPβCD‐NF had better antifungal activity compared to that of TBZ alone.CONCLUSIONSIn summary, the solid fungicidal nanodispersion prepared in the present study is a new type of formulation that can enhance the water solubility of TBZ. This formulation, which demonstrated potential as a new fast dissolving formulation type with increased efficacy, is expected to be conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
An Ultrasensitive ECL Sensor Based on Conducting Polymer/Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide for Non‐Enzymatic Detection in Biological Samples
Authors: Sobhanie E. , Faridbod F. , Hosseini M. , Ganjali M. R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we will introduce an enzyme‐free solid‐state electrochemiluminescent (ECL) sensor for ultrasensitive detection of Hydrogen peroxide (
), as a significant molecule in many fundamental biological processes. It was fabricated based on the electro immobilization of poly (Luminol/Aniline) (PLA) nanocomposite on the surface of electrochemically reduced Graphene oxide (ERGO)/Ce
/GCE modified electrode. We applied electrochemical technique as a controllable, rapid and simple method for the electro copolymerization of Luminol and Aniline and also the electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO). The oxygen functional groups in ERGO were mostly eliminated. The properties of the ERGO/Ce
/PLA modified electrode were also studied by FE‐SEM, Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. Under the optimal conditions, this proposed ECL sensor exhibits high sensitivity and wide linear dynamic range for
determination from 0.8 pmol
to 8 mmol
with the low detection limit of 0.36 p mol
(S/N=3) and RSD 1.89 %. The results demonstrate that this enzyme‐free solid‐state ECL sensor offers a promising candidate for quantification of
concentration in biological fluids such as human urineIntroduction
Chemoselective Carbenoid Reactions of Furan/Thiophene/Pyrrole Ring Containing Carbonyl and Conjugated Carbonyl at Their 2‐Positions
Authors: Seyma Gungor Fusun , Merey Gokce , Anac Olcay 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeveral furyl/thiophenyl/N‐methylpyrrolyl cores having aldehyde/ketone/ene‐biscarbonyl/diene‐biscarbonyl functions at their 2‐positions were reacted with diazocarbonyl compounds in the presence of metal catalysts. Between the two possible reaction pathways which may take place either on the 2‐substituent of hetaryl or on the core structure, only one of them was dominant for each reaction depending on substituents. Accordingly, in the reaction of thiophene‐2‐carbaldehyde with diazo compounds we obtained epoxy derivatives. On the other hand, dimethyl diazomalonate and furyl‐ene‐diketo/N‐methylpyrrolyl‐ene‐diester yielded only novel dihydrofuran derivatives via [1,5]‐electrocyclic ring closure. However, the reactions of 2‐ene/diene‐diester functionalized furans with dimethyl diazomalonate resulted polymethoxycarboxylate‐substituted oxo‐polyenes chemo‐specifically in good yields.
Autonomous Biohybrid Urchin‐Like Microperforator for Intracellular Payload Delivery
Authors: Sun Mengmeng , Liu Qi , Fan Xinjian , Wang Yuefei , Chen Weinan , Tian Chenyao , Sun Lining , Xie Hui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA magnetic urchin‐like microswimmer based on sunflower pollen grain (SPG) that can pierce the cancer cell membrane and actively deliver therapeutic drugs is reported. These drug loaded microperforators are fabricated on a large scale by sequentially treating the natural SPGs with acidolysis, sputtering, and vacuum loading. The microswimmers exhibit precise autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance in complex environments via association with artificial intelligence. Assemblies of microswimmers can further enhance individual motion performance and adaptability to complicated environments. Additionally, the experimental results demonstrate that microswimmers with nanospikes can accomplish single‐cell perforation for direct delivery under an external rotating magnetic field. Drugs encapsulated in the inner cavity of the microperforators can be accurately delivered to a specific site via remote control. These dual‐action microswimmers demonstrate good biocompatibility, high intelligence, precision in single‐cell targeting, and sufficient drug loading, presenting a promising avenue for many varieties of biomedical applications.
Thermal Shock Synthesis of Nanocatalyst by 3D‐Printed Miniaturized Reactors
Authors: Qiao Yun , Yao Yonggang , Liu Yang , Chen Chaoji , Wang Xizheng , Zhong Geng , Liu Dapeng , Hu Liangbing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHigh temperature synthesis and treatments are ubiquitous in chemical reactions and material manufacturing. However, conventional sintering furnaces are bulky and inefficient with a narrow temperature range (<1500 K) and slow heating rates (<100 K min−1), which are undesirable for many applications that require transient heating to produce ideal nanostructures. Herein, a 3D‐printed, miniaturized reactor featuring a dense micro‐grid design is developed to maximize the material contact and therefore acheive highly efficient and controllable heating. By 3D printing, a versatile, miniaturized reactor with microscale features can be constructed, which can reach a much wider temperature range (up to ≈3000 K) with ultrafast heating/cooling rates of ≈104 K s−1. To demonstrate the utility of the design, rapid and batch synthesis of Ru nanoparticles supported in ordered mesoporous carbon is performed by transient heating (1500 K, 500 ms). The resulting ultrafine and uniform Ru nanoparticles (≈2 nm) can serve as a cathode in Li‐CO2 batteries with good cycling stability. The miniaturized reactor, with versatile shape design and highly controllable heating capabilities, provides a platform for nanocatalyst synthesis with localized and ultrafast heating toward high temperatures that is otherwise challenging to achieve.
Sandwich Photothermal Membrane with Confined Hierarchical Carbon Cells Enabling High‐Efficiency Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Tian Cheng , Liu Jing , Ruan Ruofan , Tian Xinlong , Lai Xiaoyong , Xing Lei , Su Yaqiong , Huang Wei , Cao Yang , Tu Jinchun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSolar‐driven vaporization is a sustainable solution to water and energy scarcity. However, most of the present evaporators are still suffering from inefficient utilization of converted thermal energy. Herein, a universal sandwich membrane strategy is demonstrated by confining the hierarchical porous carbon cells in two energy barriers to obtain a high‐efficiency evaporator with a rapid water evaporation rate of 1.87 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 sun illumination, which is among the highest performance for carbon‐based and wood‐based evaporators. The significantly enhanced evaporation rate is mainly attributed to the inherently optimized porous evaporation mode derived from the hierarchical hollow structures of pollen carbon cells, and the synergistically regulated water transporting and thermal management performance of the sandwich membrane. Moreover, the constructed sandwich membrane also exhibits excellent self‐regenerating performance in simulated seawater and high salinity water. The developed device can maintain an average evaporation rate of 4.3 L m−2 day−1 in a 25 day consecutive outdoor test.
Hierarchical Octahedra Constructed by Cu2S/MoS2⊂Carbon Framework with Enhanced Sodium Storage
Authors: Shi Nianxiang , Xi Baojuan , Huang Man , Ma Xiaojian , Li Haibo , Feng Jinkui , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMetal sulfides have aroused considerable attention for efficient sodium storage because of their high capacity and decent redox reversibility. However, the poor rate capability and fast capacity decay greatly hinder their practical application in sodium‐ion batteries. Herein, a self‐template‐based strategy is designed to controllably synthesize hierarchical microoctahedra assembled with Cu2S/MoS2 heterojunction nanosheets in the porous carbon framework (Cu2S/MoS2⊂PCF) via a facile coprecipitation method coupled with vulcanization treatment. The Cu2S/MoS2⊂PCF microoctahedra with 2D hybrid nanosubunits reasonably integrate several merits including facilitating the diffusion of electrons and Na+ ions, enhancing the electric conductivity, accelerating the ion and charge transfer, and buffering the volume variation. Therefore, the Cu2S/MoS2⊂PCF composite manifests efficient sodium storage performance with high capacity, long cycling life, and excellent rate capability.
A Highly‐Efficient Type I Photosensitizer with Robust Vascular‐Disruption Activity for Hypoxic‐and‐Metastatic Tumor Specific Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Chen Dapeng , Yu Qing , Huang Xuan , Dai Hanming , Luo Tao , Shao Jinjun , Chen Peng , Chen Jie , Huang Wei , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHypoxia severely impedes photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficiency. Worse still, considerable tumor metastasis will occur after PDT. Herein, an organic superoxide radical (O2∙−) nano‐photogenerator as a highly effcient type I photosensitizer with robust vascular‐disrupting efficiency to combat these thorny issues is designed. Boron difluoride dipyrromethene (BODIPY)‐vadimezan conjugate (BDPVDA) is synthesized and enwrapped in electron‐rich polymer‐brushes methoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(2‐(diisopropylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (mPEG‐ PPDA) to afford nanosized hydrophilic type I photosensitizer (PBV NPs). Owing to outstanding core–shell intermolecular electron transfer between BDPVDA and mPEG‐PPDA, remarkable O2∙− can be produced by PBV NPs under near‐infrared irradiation even in severe hypoxic environment (2% O2), thus to accomplish effective hypoxic‐tumor elimination. Simultaneously, the efficient ester‐bond hydrolysis of BDPVDA in the acidic tumor microenvironment allows vadimezan release from PBV NPs to disrupt vasculature, facilitating the shut‐down of metastatic pathways. As a result, PBV NPs will not only be powerful in resolving the paradox between traditional type II PDT and hypoxia, but also successfully prevent tumor metastasis after type I PDT treatment (no secondary‐tumors found in 70 days and 100% survival rate), enabling enhancement of existing hypoxic‐and‐metastatic tumor treatment.
Novel 3D Nanoporous Zn–Cu Alloy as Long‐Life Anode toward High‐Voltage Double Electrolyte Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Botian , Wang Songjie , Wang Zilong , Lei Hang , Chen Zhitao , Mai Wenjie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe recharge ability of zinc metal‐based aqueous batteries is greatly limited by the zinc anode. The poor cycling durability of Zn anodes is attributed to the dendrite growth, shape change and passivation, but this issue has been ignored by using an excessive amount of Zn in the past. Herein, a 3D nanoporous (3D NP) Zn–Cu alloy is fabricated by a sample electrochemical‐assisted annealing thermal method combined, which can be used directly as self‐supported electrodes applied for renewable zinc‐ion devices. The 3D NP architectures electrode offers high electron and ion transport paths and increased material loading per unit substrate area, which can uniformly deposit/strip Zn and improve charge storage ability. Benefiting from the intrinsic materials and architectures features, the 3D NP Zn–Cu alloy anode exhibits high areal capacity and excellent cycling stability. Further, the fabricated high‐voltage double electrolyte aqueous Zn–Br2 battery can deliver maximum areal specific capacity of ≈1.56 mAh cm−2, which is close to the level of typical commercial Li‐ion batteries. The excellent performance makes it an ideal candidate for next‐generation aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.
Analytical calculation of stress concentrations at welded flange necks
Authors: Seidel Marc 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAnalytische Berechnung von Spannungskonzentrationen an Schweißnähten von RingflanschverbindungenRingflanschverbindungen für Rohrtürme, wie solche für Windenergieanlagen oder Schornsteine, sind einer erheblichen Ermüdungsbeanspruchung ausgesetzt. Neben den Schrauben muss auch die Schweißnaht, die den Flansch mit der Turmschale verbindet, gegen Ermüdungsversagen abgesichert werden. Aufgrund des Vorhandenseins des Flansches treten lokale Biegemomente in der Schale auf, die die nominelle Membranspannung erhöhen, d. h., es treten Spannungskonzentrationen auf. In dieser Arbeit wird ein analytisches Modell vorgestellt, um solche lokalen Biegemomente zu berechnen, sodass Spannungskonzentrationen bestimmt werden können. Das analytische Modell wird mit den Ergebnissen von 3D‐Finite‐Elemente‐Modellen verglichen, wobei eine gute Übereinstimmung festgestellt wird. Die Ergebnisse des vorgestellten Modells werden daher für Entwurfszwecke als angemessen erachtet.
Proton‐Gradient‐Driven Self‐Assembly of Porphyrin and In Situ Dynamic Analysis in a Microflow Platform
Authors: Kanzaki Chisako , Inagawa Arinori , Fukuhara Gaku , Okada Tetsuo , Numata Munenori 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite rapid advances in supramolecular chemistry, only limited attention has been paid to regulating the self‐assembling field, such as by studying diffusional dynamics or the hydrodynamic properties of the solvents that always surround the self‐assembling molecules. Herein, we demonstrate that a proton gradient generated in laminar flow can facilitate the acid‐base reaction, leading to effective self‐assembly of TPPS, a type of porphyrin. In situ fluorescence microspectroscopies reveal that the acid‐base reaction followed by self‐assembly of TPPS proceed under a uniform diffusional environment in the laminar flow, leading to the creation of discrete J‐aggregate fibers (length dispersity Lw/Ln <1.2). Furthermore, we can successfully evaluate the time required for nucleation to be 2.9 ms. In sharp contrast to conventional solution chemistry, the nucleation process of TPPS finishes at a much earlier stage, implying that nucleation might no longer be the rate‐determining step in laminar flow. The present self‐assembly system in laminar flow provides a way to create a variety of supramolecular architectures under reproducible kinetic conditions, and a comprehensive strategy to construct a kinetic database for self‐assembly dynamics.
Subsynovial connective tissue development in the rabbit carpal tunnel
Authors: Schrier Verena J. M. M. , Vrieze Alyssa , Amadio Peter C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe carpal tunnel contains the digital flexor tendons and the median nerve, which are embedded in a unique network of fibrovascular interconnected subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT). Fibrous hypertrophy of the SSCT and subsequent adaptations in mechanical response are found in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), but not much is known about the development of the SSCT. This observational study describes the morphological development of SSCT using histology and ultramicroscopy in an animal model at four time points between late‐term fetuses through adulthood. A transition is seen between 3 days and 6 weeks post‐partum from a dense solid SSCT matrix to a complex multilayered structure connected with collagenous fibrils. These preliminary data show a developmental pattern that matches an adaptive response of the SSCT to loading and motion. Understanding the anatomical development aids in recognizing the pathophysiology of CTS and supports research on new therapeutic approaches.
Socially responsive technologies: toward a co-developmental path
Authors: Tigard Daniel W. , Conradie Niël H. , Nagel Saskia K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRobotic and artificially intelligent (AI) systems are becoming prevalent in our day-to-day lives. As human interaction is increasingly replaced by human–computer and human–robot interaction (HCI and HRI), we occasionally speak and act as though we are blaming or praising various technological devices. While such responses may arise naturally, they are still unusual. Indeed, for some authors, it is the programmers or users—and not the system itself—that we properly hold responsible in these cases. Furthermore, some argue that since directing blame or praise at technology itself is unfitting, designing systems in ways that encourage such practices can only exacerbate the problem. On the other hand, there may be good moral reasons to continue engaging in our natural practices, even in cases involving AI systems or robots. In particular, daily interactions with technology may stand to impact the development of our moral practices in human-to-human interactions. In this paper, we put forward an empirically grounded argument in favor of some technologies being designed for social responsiveness. Although our usual practices will likely undergo adjustments in response to innovative technologies, some systems which we encounter can be designed to accommodate our natural moral responses. In short, fostering HCI and HRI that sustains and promotes our natural moral practices calls for a co-developmental process with some AI and robotic technologies.
Juristische Aspekte der forensischen Altersdiagnostik auf der Grundlage des § 42f SGB VIII
Authors: Befurt L. , Kirchhoff G. , Rudolf E. , Schmeling A. 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungSeit Inkrafttreten des § 42f SGB VIII am 01.11.2015 ist das Verfahren zur Altersfeststellung von unbegleiteten und fraglich minderjährigen Ausländern durch Jugendämter in Deutschland gesetzlich geregelt. Hiernach hat das Jugendamt die Minderjährigkeit zunächst durch Einsichtnahme in die Ausweispapiere des jungen Menschen zu prüfen. Fehlen gültige Ausweispapiere, oder sind die in ihnen enthaltenen Geburtsdaten zweifelhaft, haben Jugendamtsmitarbeiter die Minderjährigkeit mittels einer qualifizierten Inaugenscheinnahme zu beurteilen. Lässt sich auch dadurch eine Minderjährigkeit nicht zweifelsfrei ausschließen, hat das Jugendamt eine ärztliche Untersuchung zur Altersfeststellung zu veranlassen. Eine Analyse der einschlägigen Rechtsprechung sowie der juristischen Fachliteratur ergab, dass Röntgenuntersuchungen zur forensischen Altersdiagnostik auf der Grundlage des § 42f SGB VIII nicht nur zulässig sind, sondern diese auch ausdrücklich eingefordert werden. Die Rechtsprechung erkennt zudem die medizinischen Untersuchungen nach den Empfehlungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forensische Altersdiagnostik (AGFAD) zur Altersdiagnostik unbegleiteter minderjähriger Ausländer als rechtlich zulässige, valide und zumutbare Methode an. Der von der Zentralen Ethikkommission (ZEKO) bei der Bundesärztekammer vertretenen Auffassung, dass die von der AGFAD empfohlenen Methoden nicht geeignet seien, Volljährigkeit hinreichend zuverlässig nachzuweisen, wird von der Rechtsprechung nicht gefolgt. Vielmehr wird darauf verwiesen, dass durch die Anwendung des Mindestalterkonzepts die von der ZEKO geäußerten Bedenken hinsichtlich der Schwankungsbreiten medizinischer Untersuchungen ausgeräumt werden.
Minimally Invasive Proctectomy for Rectal Cancer: A National Perspective on Short‐term Outcomes and Morbidity
Authors: Taylor James P. , Stem Miloslawa , Althumairi Azah A. , Gearhart Susan L. , Safar Bashar , Fang Sandy H. , Efron Jonathan E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrior randomized trials showed comparable short‐term outcomes between open and minimally invasive proctectomy (MIP) for rectal cancer. We hypothesize that short‐term outcomes for MIP have improved as surgeons have become more experienced with this technique.MethodsRectal cancer patients who underwent elective abdominoperineal resection (APR) or low anterior resection (LAR) were included from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2016–2018). Patients were stratified based on intent‐to‐treat protocol: open (O‐APR/LAR), laparoscopic (L‐APR/LAR), robotic (R‐APR/LAR), and hybrid (H‐APR/LAR). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the impact of operative approach on 30‐day morbidity.ResultsA total of 4471 procedures were performed (43.41% APR and 36.59% LAR); O‐APR 42.72%, L‐APR 20.99%, R‐APR 16.79%, and H‐APR 19.51%; O‐LAR 31.48%, L‐LAR 26.34%, R‐LAR 17.48%, and H‐LAR 24.69%. Robotic APR and LAR were associated with shortest length of stay and significantly lower conversion rate. After adjusting for other factors, lap, robotic and hybrid APR and LAR were associated with decreased risk of overall morbidity when compared to open approach. R‐APR and H‐APR were associated with decreased risk of serious morbidity. No difference in the risk of serious morbidity was observed between the four LAR groups.ConclusionAppropriate selection of patients for MIP can result in better short‐term outcomes, and consideration for MIP surgery should be made.
Factors influencing agreement of breast cancer luminal molecular subtype by Ki67 labeling index between core needle biopsy and surgical resection specimens
Authors: Tendl-Schulz Kristina A. , Rössler Fabian , Wimmer Philipp , Heber Ulrike M. , Mittlböck Martina , Kozakowski Nicolas , Pinker Katja , Bartsch Rupert , Dubsky Peter , Fitzal Florian , Filipits Martin , Eckel Fanny Carolina , Langthaler Eva-Maria , Steger Günther , Gnant Michael , Singer Christian F. , Helbich Thomas H. , Bago-Horvath Zsuzsanna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReliable determination of Ki67 labeling index (Ki67-LI) on core needle biopsy (CNB) is essential for determining breast cancer molecular subtype for therapy planning. However, studies on agreement between molecular subtype and Ki67-LI between CNB and surgical resection (SR) specimens are conflicting. The present study analyzed the influence of clinicopathological and sampling-associated factors on agreement. Molecular subtype was determined visually by Ki67-LI in 484 pairs of CNB and SR specimens of invasive estrogen receptor (ER)–positive, human epidermal growth factor (HER2)–negative breast cancer. Luminal B disease was defined by Ki67-LI > 20% in SR. Correlation of molecular subtype agreement with age, menopausal status, CNB method, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System imaging category, time between biopsies, type of surgery, and pathological tumor parameters was analyzed. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. CNB had a sensitivity of 77.95% and a specificity of 80.97% for identifying luminal B tumors in CNB, compared with the final molecular subtype determination after surgery. The correlation of Ki67-LI between CNB and SR was moderate (ROC-AUC 0.8333). Specificity and sensitivity for CNB to correctly define molecular subtype of tumors according to SR were significantly associated with tumor grade, immunohistochemical progesterone receptor (PR) and p53 expression (p < 0.05). Agreement of molecular subtype did not significantly impact RFS and OS (p = 0.22 for both). The identified factors likely mirror intratumoral heterogeneity that might compromise obtaining a representative CNB. Our results challenge the robustness of a single CNB-driven measurement of Ki67-LI to identify luminal B breast cancer of low (G1) or intermediate (G2) grade.