bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aplikasi teknologi elektrolisis plasma pada proses produksi Klor-Alkali
Authors: Saksono Nelson , Abqari Fakhrian , Bismo Setijo 
Published: March 2020

Plasma electrolysis technology applications in Chlor-Alkali process productionChlor-alkali industry sector is one of the important industrial sectorsin chemical industry. However, the chlor-alkali industry is one of the industry sectors that consume the most electrical energy due to the production using the methodof electrolysis. Plasma electrolysis is an electrolysis process with high voltage so that produce the glow discharge plasma in electrolyte solution. This method can be applied in the production of chlor-alkali and can reduce energy consumption several times. This research is aimed to observe the plasma electrolysis method in producing chlorine gas and also to measure the electricity consumption needed in chlor-alkali production process. This study was conducted by using plasma electrolysis reactor equipped by electrodes and cooling system. Process variables observed are voltage, NaCl concntration, and anode depth. Result of this research shows that the increase of all variables will cause the increase of chlorine gas production. The highest chlorine gas production is 1.44 mmol for 15 minutes at 400 V and 0.15 M NaCl solution where the anode position is at the surface of solution. Energy consumption of the process reaches 284 kJ/mmol Cl2, which is 38 times lower than electrolysis process in the same reactor configuration.Keywords: electrolysis, plasma electrolysis, production of chlor-alkali AbstrakIndustri klor-alkali merupakan salah satu industri penting dalam industri kimia dengan konsumsi energi listrik yang tinggi karena proses produksinya menggunakan metode elektrolisis. Elektrolisis plasma merupakan proses elektrolisis dengan tegangan yang jauh lebih tinggi sehingga terbentuk lecutan api listrik pada larutan elektrolit. Metode ini dapat diterapkan dalam aplikasi produksi klor-alkali dan mampu mengurangi konsumsi energi listrik hingga beberapa kali lipat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji metode elektrolisis plasma dalam menghasilkan gas klor serta mengukur konsumsi energi listrik yang dibutuhkan dalam proses produksi klor-alkali. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan reaktor elektrolisis plasma yang telah dilengkapi elektroda dan sistem pendingin. Variabel proses yang diamati meliputi tegangan, konsentrasi NaCl, dan kedalaman anoda. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan kenaikan produksi gas klor dengan meningkatnya tegangan, konsentrasi NaCl dan kedalaman anoda. Produksi gas klor tertinggi adalah sebesar 1,44 mmol yang diperoleh selama 15 menit proses pada tegangan 400 V dan konsentrasi NaCl 0,15 M dimana posisi anoda pada permukaan larutan. Konsumsi energi listrik mencapai 284 kJ/mmol Cl2 yang berarti 38 kali lebih rendah dibanding proses elektrolisis dalam konfigurasi reaktor yang sama.Kata kunci: elektrolisis, elektrolisis plasma, produksi klor-alkali
Deoksigenasi berkatalis Pd/C dari Asam Oleat sebagai senyawa model minyak nabati untuk sintesis solar terbarukan
Authors: Susanto Bambang Heru , Nasikin M. , Sukirno S , Fransisca Gita Agitia 
Published: March 2020

Pd/C-catalized deoxygenation of Oleic Acid as a vegetable oil model for renewable diesel fuel synthesis.Second-generation biofuels called renewable diesel that are drop-in replacements for traditional petroleum derived transportation fuels (diesel, gasoline, and jet fuel) can be produced from triglycerides by thermocatalytic processes. One of the alternatives of renewable solar synthesis is through deoxygenation reaction using heterogeneous catalysts. In this experiment, oleic acid was used as model compounds to study the catalytic deoxygenation process of triglycerides to hydrocarbons like diesel (renewable diesel). The 1% Pd/C catalyst used in the study was prepared by microwave polyol process. At 400 oC and under H2 pressure of 9 bar and 15 bar, The Pd/C catalysts tended to be more selective toward decarboxylation pathway. Under H2, the main liquid-phase product was alkanes and aromatic, while the main gaseous products were CO and CO2. The conversion was around of 75% with selectivity of renewable diesel was 50.14%. Measured physical properties of renewable diesel (density and viscosity) is comparable to those specified for commercial diesel.Keywords: deoxygenation, oleic acid, Pd/C catalys, microwave polyol process, renewable dieselAbstrakGenerasi ke-2 dari bahan bakar nabati yang disebut dengan solar terbarukan dapat menggantikan bahan bakar turunan dari minyak bumi untuk transportasi (solar, bensin dan bahan bakar pesawat) dengan cara diproduksi dari trigliserida melalui reaksi termokatalitik. Salah satu rute sintesis solar terbarukan adalah melalui proses reaksi deoksigenasi berkatalis heterogen. Di dalam penelitian ini, asam oleat digunakan sebagai senyawa model untuk mempelajari deoksigenasi katalitik dari trigliserida menjadi hidrokarbon seperti solar (solar terbarukan). Katalis Pd/C yang digunakan dalam studi ini dipersiapkan dengan metode microwave polyol process. Pada kondisi operasi suhu 400 oC dan tekanan H2 sebesar 9 bar dan 15 bar, katalis 1 %-berat Pd/C lebih cenderung mengarahkan reaksi ke jalur dekarbokasilasi. Pada kondisi tekanan H2 didapatkan produk cair yang utama adalah alkana dan aromatik sedangkan produk gasnya adalah CO dan CO2. Konversi reaksi yang dihasilkan adalah sekitar 75% dengan selektifitas produk solar terbarukan adalah 50,14%. Sifat fisik (densitas dan viskositas) solar terbarukan mendekati sifat fisik solar komersial.Kata kunci: deoksigenasi, asam oleat, katalis Pd/C, microwave polyol process, solar terbarukan
Pengaruh tinggi dan kerapatan unggun pada kualitas pembakaran gas produser dari gasifikasi skala rumah tangga
Authors: Irawan Anton , Alwan Hafid , Mustika Faroukiyah 
Published: March 2020

The effect of bed height and density on producer gas combustion quality from house hold scale gasification.Increased energy demand caused the crude oil to be expensive and limited so that renewable energy could be a solution of the crisis energy in the future. Rice husk that produced from rice mill had potential as energy in the rural area due to had energy content around 3000-3500 kcal/kg. Rice husk had proximate analysis for fixed carbon 15%, volatile matter 50%, ash 20%, and moisture 15% so that rice husk could be converted to the gas by gasification. Gas producer that was produced by gasification can be used for household fuel. The aim of this research was to observe influence of density and height of rice husk bed to the flame of the gas producer combustion in the small scale gasification. Small scale gasification was done in gasification stove that had capacity 1000 g rice husk. Variations in this research were density of rice husk bed (85, 95, and 105 kg/m3) and height of rice husk bed (25, 40, and 55 cm). Parameter of quality of gas producer combustion was holding time of the flame temperature above 500 oC. The results showed the combustion quality of the gas producer was influenced by density and height of rice husk bed.Keywords: rice husk, gasification, gas producer, bed height, bed density AbstrakPeningkatan kebutuhan energi menyebabkan minyak bumi menjadi mahal dan terbatas sehingga energi terbarukan dapat menjadi solusi untuk menggantikan minyak bumi pada masa mendatang. Salah satu sumber energi terbarukan adalah sekam padi yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan padi dengan kandungan energi 3000-3500 kcal/kg sekam padi kering. Sekam padi memiliki komposisi karbon sekitar 15%, volatile matter 50%, abu 20%, dan kandungan air 25% sehingga sekam padi dapat dikonversi melalui proses gasifikasi. Dengan metode gasifikasi skala rumah tangga, gas produser yang dihasilkan dapat dipergunakan sebagai bahan bakar rumah tangga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengamati pengaruh tinggi dan kerapatan unggun terhadap kualitas pembakaran gas produser hasil gasifikasi sekam padi. Parameter kualitas pembakaran adalah pengukuran temperatur lidah api dengan posisi tetap. Waktu tahan temperatur di atas 500 oC menjadi standar kualitas proses gasifikasi sekam padi yang dipengaruhi oleh kerapatan dan tinggi unggun sekam padi. Gasifikasi dilakukan pada kompor gasifikasi skala rumah tangga yang mampu memuat sekam padi 1000 g. Variasi tinggi unggun adalah 25, 40, dan 55 cm serta kerapatan unggun 85, 95, dan 105 kg/m3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pembakaran gas produser dipengaruhi oleh tinggi dan kerapatan unggun.Kata kunci: sekam padi, gasifikasi, gas produser, tinggi unggun, kerapatan unggun
Between Literary Idealisation and Historical Decline
Authors: Lønborg Josefine Skaanning 
Published: March 2020

By 1827, the destruction of the clan system, the Highland clearances and the commercialisation of the Highlands has by large left the traditional Highland way of life a thing of the past. Nevertheless, the Highlander reappears in the late 18th and early 19th century as an increasingly dominant literary figure. Addressing the discrepancy between the historical Highlander and the literary figure, the Highlander is identified as a multifaceted figure ranging from romantic idealisation to necessary decline. In this article, it is argued that the combination of the assimilation of the actual Highlanders, the centrality of the Highlander as a military hero fighting in British service and the rise of the Highlander as an idealised literary figure is what renders the elevation of the Highlander to national symbol possible.
Cross-country librarying
Authors: Austrheim Gunhild 
Published: March 2020

Since 2012 all students in higher education in Norway have had learning outcomes related to finding, evaluating and using information in their study work. All degree programmes have these learning outcomes in their study plans and all library teachings in information literacy are related to these learning outcomes.
HVL is the result of a merger between three institutions, all with libraries, and librarians that teach. The study portfolio of the former institutions were quite similar, nonetheless, it turned out our library teaching offers varied from one degree programme to the next, and from one campus to the next. We needed to unify our practices across the institution. How could we achieve this across geography, tradition and work cultures?
We have worked on the content of our teaching, the competency of our staff and our methods of collaboration with faculty, hoping that taken together this will be a magic mixture for our students’ information literacy.
An Empirical Investigation on Foreign Capital Inflows and Economic Development in Nigeria
Authors: Monogbe G. Tunde, , Okereke J. Emeka, , Ifionu P. Ebele, 
Published: March 2020

In an attempt to attained sustainable level of economic development in a nation, empirical studies as well as financial theories posit that foreign capital inflows play a lead role. As such, this study set out to empirically investigate the extent to which foreign capital flows promotes economic development in Nigeria. Time series data between the periods 1986 to 2018 were sourced from the central bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and world bank data based. The study proxied foreign capital flows using foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, foreign aids and external borrowings which is decomposed into multilateral and bilateral loans while Human development index is used as proxy for economic development. The study further employed unit root test, co-integration test, error correction model and granger causality test to ascertain the direction of relationship. Findings reveal that of the five indices of foreign capital inflows, three (foreign portfolio investment, foreign aids and bilateral loan) prove to be significant in promoting economic development in Nigeria, while foreign direct investment and multilateral loan are negatively related to economic development in Nigeria. As such, the study conclude that foreign capital inflows in the form of foreign portfolio investment, foreign aids and bilateral loans are significant in boosting economic development in Nigeria. Therefore, we recommend that managers of the Nigerian economic should create an enabling financial environment as this will help in accelerating further inflows of portfolio investment and thus boost economic development in Nigeria.
Computational Analysis of the Stability of 2D Heat Equation on Elliptical Domain Using Finite Difference Method
Authors: Rajput Mehwish Naz , Shaikh Asif Ali , Kamboh Shakeel Ahmed 
Published: March 2020

Aims: The aim and objective of the study to derive and analyze the stability of the finite difference schemes in relation to the irregularity of domain.
Study Design: First of all, an elliptical domain has been constructed with the governing two dimensional (2D) heat equation that is discretized using the Finite Difference Method (FDM). Then the stability condition has been defined and the numerical solution by writing MATLAB codes has been obtained with the stable values of time domain.
Place and Duration of Study: The work has been jointly conducted at the MUET, Jamshoro and QUEST, Nawabshah Pakistan from January 2019 to December 2019.
Methodology: The stability condition over an elliptical domain with the non-uniform step size depending upon the boundary tracing function is derived by using Von Neumann method.
Results: From the results it was revealed that stability region for the small number of mesh points remains larger and gets smaller as the number of mesh nodes is increased. Moreover, the ranges for the time steps are defined for varied spatial step sizes that help to find the stable solution.
Conclusion: The corresponding stability range for number of nodes N=10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 was found respectively. Within this range the solution remains smooth as time increases. The results of this study attempt to provide the stable solution of partial differential equations on irregular domains.
Somatic Embryogenesis in Papaya (Carica papaya L. cv. TNAU Papaya CO.8)
Authors: Rajesh C. K. , Sudhakar D. , Kumar K. K. , Kavitha C. , Karthikeyan G. , Soorianathasundaram K. 
Published: March 2020

An efficient indirect somatic embryogenesis protocol for Carica papaya var TNAU Papaya CO.8 was developed using immature zygotic embryos as an explant. Two growth regulators namely 2,4-D and picloram each at 1, 2, 3 mg/L were tested for callus induction and the highest callus induction frequency (83.33%) was observed in MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L 2,4-D. However the rate of conversion into somatic embryos was highest (63.33%) on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-D. Maturation of somatic embryos was studied by using MS medium with different concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) and benzyl amino purine (BAP) along with glutamine (400 mg/L). The maturation of globular embryos was observed to be higher in the combination of ABA (1.5 mg/L), BAP (0.4 mg/L) along with glutamine (400 mg/L). Even though regeneration was observed from cotyledonary stage embryos in presence of different growth regulators like BAP, α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), phloridzin dehydrate kinetin and gibberellic acid, further growth was not observed due to abnormal regenerative structures. Regeneration of cotyledonary stage somatic embryos were highest (77.4%) in half strength MS medium without growth regulators. The well-developed plantlets with shoots and roots were subsequently transferred for hardening.
Host-feeding Preference of Anopheles Species under Prolonged Use of Insecticide-treated Bed Nets in Kamuli District, Uganda: Implications for Vector Control
Authors: Kabbale Fredrick G. , Akol Anne M. , Kaddu John B. , Matovu Enock , Kazibwe Anne , Yadouleton Anges , Onapa Ambrose W. 
Published: March 2020

Background: The blood-feeding patterns are crucial in incriminating disease vectors as well as facilitating the design and consolidation of effective vector control interventions in an area.
Objective: This study aimed to establish if prolonged use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) caused a shift in the preferred hosts of the common malaria vectors as the hosts were under the bed net. Such a shift would render ITNs less effective and would probably explain the continued morbidity and mortality due to malaria in the highly endemic Kamuli district.
Methods: A total of 3,519 indoor and outdoor human biting female Anopheles gambiae sensu lato and An. funestus mosquitoes were collected from 48 households using human-baited bed net traps. All 187 indoor resting blood-fed anophelines collected were tested by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for blood meal host identification. Of these, 73 mid guts came from 24 households in villages with a 69% ITNs coverage, while 114 mid guts were from 24 households in non-ITN villages.
Results: Blood meal hosts were identified in only 10.96% (n = 8) and 14.91% (n = 17) of the Anopheles blood meals from the intervention and non-intervention zones, respectively. Other blood meals could not be clearly identified. Eight (100%) blood meals in the intervention zone were from humans, while in the non-intervention zone, 15 (88.24%), one (5.88%) and one (5.88%) came from humans, cattle and goat, respectively. These findings demonstrated that the malaria vectors in Kamuli district are anthropophilic, with nearly all the mosquitoes collected from both zones feeding on humans during every blood meal (p = 0.82). This indicated high vector-human contacts, and thus implicating these species as important in the transmission of Plasmodium species and probably other infections.
Conclusion: The use of insecticide-treated bed nets is effective for controlling malaria vectors inside houses, evoking universal coverage of houses in the area.
Expression of Salivary Resistin in Oral Premalignant Individuals
Authors: Roghay Shafaq Saeed , Razi Afifa , Hosein Mervyn , Shahid Moazzam , Butt Saima , Batool Hira 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Resistin, (Retn) a pro - inflammatory cytokine, accumulates at the site of inflammation. It is found to be elevated in chronic inflammation. The aim of this present study is to evaluate the levels of salivary resistin in healthy individuals and in patients with Oral pre-malignant lesion.
Materials and Methods: This case control study comprises of total 90 patients which includes 45 healthy controls and 45 cases diagnosed with oral pre-malignant lesions. Salivary levels of resistin and clinical parameters were evaluated in all of them. Socio - demographic data (age, gender and residence) was collected from all participants through a questionnaire. In addition, we also recorded the total duration of tobacco usage (in years), daily frequency, and intra-oral examination and oral hygiene practices. This was followed by evaluation of clinical parameters of oral premalignant lesions and investigation of salivary levels of resistin through ELISA.
Results: The saliva of all the patients showed presence of resistin. On analyzing the samples present study shows no significant difference and variation in the salivary levels of resistin in healthy and OPML patients.
Conclusion: With the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference in the salivary levels of resistin in healthy individuals and individuals diagnosed with oral pre-malignant lesion.
Partial Purification and Characterization of Albain 1, a Triterpene with Antimicrobial Activity, from the Wood Extract of Avicennia alba Blume
Authors: Choudhury Moumita , Mukherjee Kalishankar , De Arnab , Samanta Amalesh , Roy Amit 
Published: March 2020

Secondary metabolites of plants are important resources for development of new drugs. Mangrove plants are very well known sources of wide variety of secondary metabolites. Many of these secondary metabolites from mangroves have been found to possess significant biological activities where human health is concerned. Avicennia alba Blume is one such mangrove plant with reports of having many such secondary metabolites of clinical and commercial interests.
Aim: To evaluate antimicrobial activity potential of A. alba wood extract and to isolate new bioactive constituent(s) responsible for such biological activity.
Methodology: Preliminary screenings of antimicrobial activities in different organic solvent extracts of A. alba wood tissue were done by TLC-bioautography method and phytochemical nature of the antimicrobial constituent(s) in the extracts have been studied. One compound exhibiting significant antimicrobial activity, named as Albain 1, has been isolated. MIC value has been determined for Albain 1. The purity and structure of Albain 1 have been determined by HPLC, 1H NMR, FTIR and HRMS etc. analysis.
Results: 1H NMR, FTIR and HRMS analysis have found out that the isolated compound Albain 1 is a triterpene and the molecular formula is C30H48O4. It has exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus pumilas (MIC 125 μg / ml).
Conclusion: The observed antimicrobial activity of the isolated fraction of A. alba offer great potentials in pharmaceutical industries.
Detergency and Detergents
Authors: Nagy Andras , Theiner Eric 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article gives details on the mechanisms of detergency, and the factors influencing detergency. Components of a detergent consist of surfactants, builders (inorganic and organic materials added to the formula to enhance detergency), bleaching agents, enzymes, antimicrobial agents, and so on. A meaningful discussion of detergency requires a definition of clean and methods of determining detergency and cleaning are described. Detergent manufacturing processes are considered and descriptions of production for spray‐dried products, non‐tower applications, agglomeration, and tableting are discussed. Health and safety, as well as environmental impacts, are considered, although surfactants and detergent products are the most widely used consumable products. Under most conditions, detergents are not hazardous to their users. Product types are listed.
Targeting Hippo coactivator YAP1 through BET bromodomain inhibition in esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Song Shumei , Li Yuan , Xu Yan , Ma Lang , Pool Pizzi Melissa , Jin Jiankang , Scott Ailing W , Huo Longfei , Wang Ying , Lee Jeffrey H. , Bhutani Manoop S. , Weston Brian , Shanbhag Namita D , Johnson Randy L. , Ajani Jaffer A. 
Published: March 2020

Hippo/YAP1 signaling is a major regulator of organ size, cancer stemness, and aggressive phenotype. Thus, targeting YAP1 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for tumors with high YAP1 expression in esophageal cancer (EC). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChiP) and quantitative ChiP‐PCR were used to determine the regulation of the chromatin remodeling protein bromodomain‐containing protein 4 (BRD4) on YAP1. The role of the bromodomain and extraterminal motif (BET) inhibitor JQ1, an established BRD4 inhibitor, on inhibition of YAP1 in EC cells was dissected using western blot, immunofluorescence, qPCR, and transient transfection. The antitumor activities of BET inhibitor were further examined by variety of functional assays, cell proliferation (MTS), tumorsphere, and ALDH1+ labeling in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that BRD4 regulates YAP1 expression and transcription. ChiP assays revealed that BRD4 directly occupies YAP1 promoter and that JQ1 robustly blocks BRD4 binding to the YAP1 promoter. Consequently, JQ1 strongly suppresses constitutive or induced YAP1 expression and transcription in EC cells and YAP1/Tead downstream transcriptional activity. Intriguingly, radiation‐resistant cells that acquire strong cancer stem cell traits and an aggressive phenotype can be effectively suppressed by JQ1 as assessed by cell proliferation, tumorsphere formation, and reduction in the ALDH1+ cells. Moreover, effects of JQ1 are synergistically amplified by the addition of docetaxel in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that BRD4 is a critical regulator of Hippo/YAP1 signaling and that BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 represents a new class of inhibitor of Hippo/YAP1 signaling, primarily targeting YAP1 high and therapy‐resistant cancer cells enriched with cancer stem cell properties.