bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing sensory drive speciation in cichlid fish: Linking light conditions to opsin expression, opsin genotype and female mate preference
Authors: Wright Daniel Shane , van Eijk Roel , Schuart Lisa , Seehausen Ole , Groothuis Ton G. G. , Maan Martine E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEcological speciation is facilitated when divergent adaptation has direct effects on selective mating. Divergent sensory adaptation could generate such direct effects, by mediating both ecological performance and mate selection. In aquatic environments, light attenuation creates distinct photic environments, generating divergent selection on visual systems. Consequently, divergent sensory drive has been implicated in the diversification of several fish species. Here, we experimentally test whether divergent visual adaptation explains the divergence of mate preferences in Haplochromine cichlids. Blue and red Pundamilia co‐occur across south‐eastern Lake Victoria. They inhabit different photic conditions and have distinct visual system properties. Previously, we documented that rearing fish under different light conditions influences female preference for blue versus red males. Here, we examine to what extent variation in female mate preference can be explained by variation in visual system properties, testing the causal link between visual perception and preference. We find that our experimental light manipulations influence opsin expression, suggesting a potential role for phenotypic plasticity in optimizing visual performance. However, variation in opsin expression does not explain species differences in female preference. Instead, female preference covaries with allelic variation in the long‐wavelength‐sensitive opsin gene (LWS), when assessed under broad‐spectrum light. Taken together, our study presents evidence for environmental plasticity in opsin expression and confirms the important role of colour perception in shaping female mate preferences in Pundamilia. However, it does not constitute unequivocal evidence for the direct effects of visual adaptation on assortative mating.
Isolation, identification and character analysis of Streptococcus dysgalactiae from Megalobrama terminalis
Authors: Zhao Fei , He Shan , Tan Ai‐ping , Guo Xue‐zhong , Jiang Lan , Liu‐Fu Cui , Deng Yu‐ting , Zhang Rui‐quan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPure bacterial cultures were isolated from different tissues of moribund Megalobrama terminalis from a high mortality event that occurred at a farm in Foshan, China. Two isolates (F2 and F3) were identified as Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae based on morphological and biochemical detection as well as molecular analysis. In brain heart infusion broth, the best growth conditions of isolate F3 were 35ºC, salinity 5‰ and pH 7. Furthermore, infection with isolate F3 (1.2 × 106 CFU/fish) led to the death of M. terminalis and zebrafish (Danio rerio). However, isolate F3 had no obvious pathogenicity to tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). When the water temperature was 29ºC, the corresponding mortality rates for zebrafish infected by isolate F3 were higher than those at 23ºC. Culture for 24 and 72 hr with isolate F3 resulted in the same mortality rates for zebrafish. The antimicrobial susceptibility assay revealed that isolate F3 was susceptible to ampicillin, florfenicol and several other antibiotics but resistant to nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, neomycin and amikacin. To our knowledge, this is the first report that S. dysgalactiae infected the subtropical freshwater fish M. terminalis, which indicates that this bacterium is a potential threat to subtropical freshwater fish.
Monetary Equilibrium and the Cost of Banking Activity
Authors: BOEL PAOLA , CAMERA GABRIELE 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe investigate the effects of banks' operating costs on allocations and welfare in a low interest rate environment. We introduce an explicit production function for banks in a microfounded model where banks employ labor resources, hired on a competitive market, to run their operations. In equilibrium, this generates a spread between interest rates on loans and deposits, which reflects the underlying monetary policy and the efficiency of financial intermediation. In a deflation or low‐inflation environment, equilibrium deposits yield zero returns. Hence, banks soak up labor resources to offer deposits that do not outperform idle balances, thus reducing aggregate efficiency.
Clinical outcomes and technical tips for eyebrow restoration using single‐follicular‐unit hair transplantation: A case series review
Authors: Jiang Wenjie , Wang Meng , Wang Bo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundClinical outcomes of eyebrow restoration with single‐follicular‐unit hair transplantation largely depend on the surgeon's anatomic knowledge, experience, and technical skills.AimsTo evaluate the effect of the reconstruction with single follicular unit transplantation on eyebrow loss and provide technical tips.Patients and MethodsA total of 352 patients with eyebrow loss were recruited. A template of the restoration region was modeled or specifically designed. The scalp strips from the back occipital or retro‐auricular regions were harvested for single follicular unit hair. The follicles were transplanted by punching recipient area with 21‐G syringe needle. Patients were followed up every 2 months for 4 years after surgery.ResultsOut of 352, 320 (91%) patients had their transplanted hair grow well with satisfactory direction and appearance. Seventeen patients (5%) experienced encryption transplantation of a sparse hair for the first 6 months but felt satisfied afterward. Twelve (3%) patients did a simple make‐up on the transplanted hair because there was an obvious difference between the transplanted hair and the natural one. Three (1%) patients with burned injury suffered of mild folliculitis and cured by 75% alcohol inunction. All patients had no obvious scar at the donor sites.ConclusionSingle follicular transplantation for eyebrow loss resulted in natural restorations with excellent satisfaction. The technique is simple, safe, and effective. The usage of syringe needle, microscope slide forceps, and a magnifier could implant the hair in a right angle, desired direction and depth, and increase the survival rate.
Patch test in Chinese in Shanghai with cosmetic allergy to cosmetic series and products
Authors: Qin Ou , Cheng Ying , Hu Weiyi , Zhou Hong , Tan Yimei , Guo Shuting , Jin Xin , Tao Lin , Du Lei , Wang Jieheng , Wang Xuemin , Zou Ying , Maibach Howard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are increasing cosmetic adverse reactions in China, mostly cosmetic contact dermatitis, with the development of its cosmetics industry.AimsTo identify the allergens and cosmetics products responsible for cosmetic allergic contact dermatitis (CACD) in Shanghai.MethodsFive hundred and sixty patients, including 342 suspected CACD patients from dermatological clinic and 218 cosmetics consumers with an allergic history, were patch tested with a cosmetic series (C‐1000 series). And 154 patients patched with possible culprit cosmetics.ResultsTwo hundred and forty‐six subjects showed positive reaction to C‐1000 series. Clinic patients had much higher positive rate than that of cosmetics consumers. Leading allergens were methylisothiazolinone (MI), methylisothiazolinone + methylchloro‐isothiazolinone (MCI/MI), thimerosal, and the positive rates were significantly higher in patients than in cosmetic consumers (P < .001 for all). MCI/MI elicited positive patch test reactions in 73.5% of MI‐positive patients. Of those patched with cosmetic products, 19 patients had 31 positive reactions, including 22 skin care products and 5 color decorating.ConclusionsPreservatives, especially MI, MCI/MI, and thimerosal, were the most common cosmetic allergens, and skin care products occupied the most allergic reaction of CACD. Patch testing is highly recommended for suspected CACD patients. Future comparative investigation with large sample size should benefit cosmetovigilance surveillance.
Wound care practices across two acute care settings: A comparative study
Authors: Gillespie Brigid M. , Walker Rachel , Lin Frances , Roberts Shelley , Eskes Anne , Perry Jodie , Birgan Sean , Nieuwenhoven Paul , Garrahy Elizabeth , Probert Rosalind , Chaboyer Wendy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesDescribe and compare current surgical wound care practices across two hospitals in two health services districts, Australia.BackgroundSurgical site infections (SSI) are a complication of surgery and occur in up to 9.5% of surgical procedures, yet they are preventable. Despite the existence of clinical guidelines for SSI prevention, there remains high variation in wound care practice.DesignProspective comparative design using structured observations and chart audit.MethodsA specifically developed audit tool was used to collect data on observed wound care practices, documentation of wound assessment and practice, and patients’ clinical characteristics from patients’ electronic medical records. Structured observations of a consecutive sample of surgical patients receiving wound care with a convenience sample of nurses were undertaken. The manuscript adheres to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement.ResultsIn total, 154 nurses undertaking acute wound care and 257 surgical patients who received wound care were observed. Across hospitals, hand hygiene adherence after dressing change was lowest (Hospital A: 8/113, 7%; Hospital B: 16/144, 11%; χ2: 8.93, p = .347). Most wound dressing practices were similar across sites, except hand hygiene prior to dressing change (Hospital A: 107/113, 95%; Hospital B: 131/144, 91%; (χ2: 7.736, p = .021) and use of clean gloves using nontouch technique (Hospital A: 88/113, 78%; Hospital B: 90/144, 63%; χ2: 8.313, p = .016). The most commonly documented wound characteristic was wound type (Hospital A: 43/113, 38%; Hospital B: 70/144, 49%). What nurses documented differed significantly across sites (p < .05).ConclusionsClinical variations in wound care practice are likely influenced by clinical context.Relevance to clinical practiceUsing an evidence‐based approach to surgical wound management will help reduce patients’ risk of wound‐related complications.
Cause‐specific neonatal morbidity and mortality in the Solomon Islands: An assessment of data from four hospitals over a three‐year period
Authors: Tosif Shidan , Jatobatu Annie , Maepioh Anita , Subhi Rami , Francis Kate L , Duke Trevor 
Published: December 2019

AimData on stillbirths and neonatal morbidity and mortality in low‐middle income Pacific Island Nations such as Solomon Islands is limited, partly due to weak health information systems. We describe the perinatal mortality and clinical factors associated with poor newborn outcomes at four hospitals in Solomon Islands.MethodsThis was a registry based retrospective cohort study at three provincial hospitals and the National Referral Hospital (NRH) from 2014–2016 inclusive.Results23 966 labour ward births and 3148 special care nursery (SCN) admissions were reviewed. Overall still birth rate was 29.2/1000 births and the perinatal mortality rate was 35.9/1000 births. PNMR were higher in provincial hospitals (46.2, 44.0 and 34.3/1000) than at NRH (33.3/1000). The commonest reasons for admission to SCN across the hospitals were sepsis, complications of prematurity and birth asphyxia. SCN mortality rates were higher in the 3 provincial hospitals than at NRH (15.9% (95/598) vs. 7.9% (202/2550), P value <0.01). At NRH, the conditions with the highest case fatality rates were birth asphyxia (21.3%), congenital abnormalities (17.7%), and prematurity (15.1%). Up to 11% of neonates did not have a diagnosis recorded.ConclusionsThe perinatal mortality rates are high and intrapartum complications, prematurity and sepsis are the main causes of morbidity and mortality for neonates at hospitals in Solomon Islands. Stillbirths account for 81% of perinatal deaths. These results are useful for planning for quality improvement at provincial level. Improved vital registration systems are required to better capture stillbirths and neonatal outcomes.
Paediatric abusive head trauma in the emergency department: A multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Babl Franz E , Pfeiffer Helena , Kelly Patrick , Dalziel Stuart R , Oakley Ed , Borland Meredith L , Kochar Amit , Dalton Sarah , Cheek John A , Gilhotra Yuri , Furyk Jeremy , Lyttle Mark D , Bressan Silvia , Donath Susan , Hearps Stephen J C , Smith Anne , Crowe Louise ,   the Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT)
Published: December 2019

AimAbusive head trauma (AHT) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to describe characteristics of cases where clinicians suspected AHT and confirmed AHT cases and describe how they differed.MethodsThis was a planned secondary analysis of a prospective multicentre cohort study of head injured children aged <18 years across five centres in Australia and New Zealand. We identified cases of suspected AHT when emergency department clinicians raised suspicion on a clinical report form or based on research assistant‐assigned epidemiology codes. Cases were categorised as AHT positive, negative and indeterminate after multidisciplinary review. Suspected and confirmed AHT and non‐AHT cases were compared using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsAHT was suspected in 70 of 13 371 (0.5%) head‐injured children. Of these, 23 (32.9%) were categorised AHT positive, 18 (25.7%) AHT indeterminate and 29 (27.1%) AHT negative. Median age was 0.8 years in suspected, 1.4 years in confirmed AHT and 4.1 years in non‐AHT cases. Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for presenting features and outcomes in confirmed AHT versus non‐AHT were: loss of consciousness 2.8 (1.2–6.9), scalp haematoma 3.9 (1.7–9.0), seizures 12.0 (4.0–35.5), Glasgow coma scale ≤12 30.3 (11.8–78.0), abnormal neuroimaging 38.3 (16.8–87.5), intensive care admission 53.4 (21.6–132.5) and mortality 105.5 (22.2–500.4).ConclusionsEmergency department presentations of children with suspected and confirmed AHT had higher rates of loss of consciousness, scalp haematomas, seizures and low Glasgow coma scale. These cases were at increased risk of abnormal computed tomography scans, need for intensive care and death.
Development of the Japanese Version of the Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale (GCBS‐J)
Authors: Majima Yoshimasa , Nakamura Hiroko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGeneric conspiracist belief refers to the general tendency toward conspiracist ideation independent of specific event‐based conspiracy theories. The present research aimed to develop a Japanese version of the Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale (GCBS‐J). In two studies, we examined the factor structure, reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity of the GCBS‐J. In Study 1 (N = 600), exploratory factor analysis with a split‐half subsample proposed a two‐factor solution dissociating extraterrestrial conspiracy from other conspiracist ideations. Subsequent confirmatory factor analysis with the other split‐half subsample confirmed the two‐factor structure. Study 1 also established convergent validity by indicating strong positive correlations with other measures of conspiracist belief. Study 2 (N = 178) added further evidence to indicate a positive correlation with related psychological constructs, such as paranormal beliefs. Study 2 also confirmed temporal test–retest reliability and the discriminant validity of the GCBS‐J by indicating no association with an unrelated construct, namely Big‐Five personality traits. These findings suggest that the GCBS‐J is a useful tool for assessing generic conspiracist beliefs within Japanese samples.
Delirium post‐cardiac surgery: Incidence and associated factors
Authors: Habeeb‐Allah Abla , Alshraideh Jafar Alasad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPost‐operative delirium among cardiac surgery patients is a prevalent complication that associated with multiple negative outcomes.AimThis study aimed to assess delirium incidence, associated factors, and outcomes for adult patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery.DesignAn exploratory prospective cohort design was used for this study.MethodsDelirium was diagnosed by the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit. Incidence, preoperative, intraoperative, and post‐operative variables for 245 patients during 3‐month period were collected and analysed.ResultsDelirium developed in 9% (n = 22) of the sample. Patients with delirium were significantly older (mean age = 65.7, SD = 8.1), t (243) = −3.66, P < .05); had longer surgery time (mean time = 286.3, SD = 82.2), t (243) = −2.25, P < .05); received more blood post‐surgery (t (243) = −3.86, P < .05); spent more time on mechanical ventilation (t [21.6] = −2.2, P < .05); had longer critical care unit stay (t [21.7] = −4.0, P < 0.05); and had longer hospitalization than patients without delirium.ConclusionsThe risk factors associated with development of delirium were advanced age and increased duration of surgery. Negative outcomes associated with delirium were increased duration of mechanical ventilation, increased volume of post‐operative infused colloids and blood/products, increased critical care unit stay, and increased hospitalization. A multifactorial model for delirium risk factors should be considered to detect and work on potentially preventable delirium factors.Relevance to clinical practicePost‐cardiac surgery delirium leads to longer mechanical ventilation time, increased ICU stay, and prolonged hospitalization. Delirium post‐cardiac surgery is potentially preventable with appropriate identification of risk factors by nurses.
What factors predict the confidence of palliative care delivery in long‐term care staff? A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Frey Rosemary , Balmer Deborah , Robinson Jackie , Boyd Michal , Gott Merryn 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundResearch has indicated that clinical staff in long‐term care often lack self‐confidence in palliative care delivery, particularly at the end of life.Goals(a) To examine the contribution of age, palliative care education, palliative care work‐related experience and psychological empowerment to palliative care delivery confidence and (b) to explore the social reality shaping those factors for long‐term care staff.DesignExplanatory sequential design.SettingTwenty long‐term care facilities in two district health boards in New Zealand.ParticipantsPhase 1:139 clinical staff. Phase 2:46 clinical staff who provided care in the last month of a residents' life.MethodsPhase 1: Cross‐sectional survey. Phase 2: Individual semi‐structured interviews.ResultsPhase 1: Previous experience (β = .319) and psychological empowerment (β = .311) contribute most to predicting an increase in palliative care delivery confidence. Phase 2: Four factors underlay palliative care delivery confidence, (a) mentorship by hospice nurses or colleagues (b) contextual factors (organisational culture, resources and experience), (c) maturity and (d) formal education.ConclusionOrganisational leadership should use multiple strategies (e.g. power‐sharing, increased opportunities for mentorship) to improve staff palliative care delivery confidence.Implications for PracticeThis study adds to the literature in understanding the predictors of palliative care delivery confidence specific to long‐term care staff. The results indicate that educational interventions must be contextually appropriate to achieve sustainable improvements in palliative care confidence and ultimately in resident care at the end of life.
A hidden champion? The European Court of Justice as an agenda‐setter in the case of posted workers
Authors: Lubow Alexis , Schmidt Susanne K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSince the comparative turn in European integration research, analyses of the legislative process of the EU have taken inspiration from research on national political systems. While the consequences of the formal monopoly of initiative of the Commission are much analysed, it is only recently that the role of the Court in EU legislation has been further appreciated. In the literature, it is disputed how far case law constrains the EU legislator. The analysis of the 2016 proposal for a revision of the 1996 Posted Workers Directive allows us to uncover the mechanisms by which the European judiciary shapes and constrains agenda‐setting based on the constitutionalization of EU law. In this highly political case, being hailed as a major breakthrough, we ask whether political majorities or case law constraints had the upper hand.
Case Report: Treatment of Refractory Post‐Surgical Neuralgia With Erector Spinae Plane Block
Authors: Benkli Barlas , Ansoanuur George , Hernandez Nadia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) are used for a wide spectrum of headache and facial pain disorders. The objective of this case report is to highlight the erector spinae plane (ESP) block, which has recently been reported to successfully treat headache.Case PresentationA 70‐year‐old man with a history of mild to moderate headaches, previously ruptured aneurysm, and right pterional craniotomy and clipping of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm presented with exacerbation of chronic post‐surgical scalp pain and severe headache with nausea. Results of the physical examination were not consistent with cellulitis of the scalp, complete blood count and chemistry panel results were unremarkable, and imaging revealed an intact aneurysm clip. Given the severe unilateral throbbing pain with associated nausea, he was treated with a variety of migraine abortives and other pain medications without significant relief. ESP block was performed. He tolerated the procedure well without complications. His pain decreased to 2/10 from a baseline of 9 to 10/10 30 minutes after the procedure, and he was pain free the next day. Follow‐up revealed a return of his pain 1 to 2 weeks after the procedure, which prompted follow‐up with an outpatient pain management specialist.ConclusionPNBs, ESP block in our case, can be a useful modality in managing chronic neuralgiform pain for treatment‐refractory patients. It can provide improvement in quality of life and spare the patient from medication side effects. In an inpatient setting, it can decrease length of stay that would otherwise be extended due to a trial of multiple medications until the pain was controlled. PNBs are used for a wide spectrum of headache and facial pain disorders. This case report highlights successful management of chronic neuralgiform pain with the ESP block, which has recently been reported to successfully treat headache. ESP block provided relief to the patient's neuralgiform pain that was refractory to multiple medications, resulting in decreased length of stay, fewer medication side effects, and improved quality of life. It also provided a window for initiation of long‐term pain medications.
Having an Inner Life
Authors: Springsted Eric O. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe readily recognize the concept of an inner life as a moral category. We struggle to say what an inner life is, though. This essay examines and rejects naturalistic attempts to either dismiss the idea of an inner life or make it a matter of brain states, a sort of efficient causality to behaviour. Relying on Simone Weil's distinction between “the language of the market place and the language of the nuptial chamber,” it distinguishes, as she did, between levels of value. The inner life is a life of dealing with values that demand some kind of personal and intimate response.