bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple Scion Cultivars Regulate the Rhizosphere Microbiota of Scion/rootstock Combinations
Authors: Wang Yi , Chai Xiaofen , Wang Xiaona , Li Hui , Xu Xuefeng , Wu Ting , Zhang Xinzhong , Han Zhenhai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Grafting is a useful technique in the production of horticultural products. In addition to providing root system, rootstocks can increase stress tolerance of plants, influence scion growth and fruit yield, and harbor rich microbial community. But whether the scion modify plant growth, rootstock phenotypes and rhizosphere bacterial community has not been clearly investigated. Here, 14 different combinations of two scion cultivars grafted on 7 rootstock genotypes were used as research materials, we analyzed the plant traits, rhizosphere bacterial community, and potential functionalities across these plants in the same orchard. We found that apple scion cultivars influenced the tree high and trunk circumference, and the sugar concentration in root varied significantly between scion cultivars, especially fructose and sucrose. Apple scion cultivars was the largest source of variation in the rhizosphere bacterial diversity and taxonomic composition of grafted combinations. The dominant rhizosphere bacterial taxa were correlated with the root sugar concentration, especially sucrose. And the PICRUSt showed that rhizosphere bacteria contained fructose and sucrose metabolism and with plant growth-promoting traits. Additionally, the scion cultivar significantly affected the predicted metabolism of the rhizosphere-associated bacterial communities. Our results showed that apple scion varieties could regulate the composition and structure of rhizosphere bacterial community in different scion / rootstock combinations, which may be achieved by controlling soluble sugar content, especially sucrose in roots.
Molecular Characterization and Genotypic and Genotypic Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance of Methicillin Resistant-staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Raw Meat
Authors: Chabi Roya 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is considered to be one of the most important causes of food-borne diseases. The present investigation was done to assess the phenotypic and genotypic characterization and distribution of Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec types and Panton–Valentine leukocidin gene in the MRSA strains isolated from raw meat samples. Six-hundred and eighty meat samples were collected and cultured. MRSA strains were subjected to disk diffusion and Polymerase Chain Reaction. One-hundred and thirty-five out of 680 (18.38%) raw meat samples were positive for S. aureus. Seventy-nine out of 125 (63.20%) S. aureus strains were determined as MRSA. Raw sheep meat samples (75%) had the highest prevalence of MRSA, while raw camel had the lowest (50%). Fifty-eight out of 79 (73.41%) MRSA strains harbored the PVL gene. SCCmec IVa (39.65%), V (22.41%) and III (10.34%) were the most commonly detected types in the MRSA strains. MRSA strains harbored the highest prevalence of resistance against penicillin (100%), tetracycline (100%), gentamicin (65.51%) and erythromycin (56.89%). AadA1 (58.62%), tetK (56.89%), msrA (41.37%) and vatA (36.20%) were the most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes. Simultaneous presence of PVL and antibiotic resistance genes in multi-drug resistant MRSA strains specifies significant public health problem.
Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome and Associated Factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bekele Tadesse Alemu , Aynalem Getasew Amogne , Berhe Trhas Tadesse 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDrug-resistant tuberculosis continues to be a public health threat around the globe especially in developing countries. In 2018, the number of new cases of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis was half a million and about 78% of them had multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. In Ethiopia, the overall proportion of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis was 11.6%. The latest treatment outcome data for people with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis show a global treatment success rate of 56%. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing multi-drug resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes and associated factors at St. Peter Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, 2019. MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was done. A total of 384 patient medical charts selected by simple random sampling method were reviewed. The data was collected using a checklist from the patients’ medical charts. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS version 23 computer software package. Summary statistics of a given data for each variable were calculated. A logistic regression model was used to measure the association between the outcome and the predictor variable. Statistical significance was declared at p-value<0.05. Direction and strength of association were expressed using OR and 95% CI. ResultFrom a total of 384 patients, the majority of 245(63.8%) of the study subjects were females. The rate of poor treatment outcome was 173(45.1%). Male patients and patients in the age category of 39-60 years were less likely to have poor treatment outcome compared to female patients and patients in the age category of 18-38 years (AOR = 0.43, 95%CI (0.19, 0.10) and (AOR = 0.28, 95%CI (0.15, 0.52) respectively. Patients with a history of second-line TB drug resistance are more likely to have poor treatment outcomes (AOR = 3.81, 95%CI (1.84, 7.91). Poor treatment outcome was higher among patients with longer treatment duration (AOR = 3.23, 95%CI (1.82, 5.74) compared to patients with short treatment duration. ConclusionThe proportion of poor treatment outcome in patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis was high. Therefore, a concerted effort should be done at all levels to improve the treatment outcome of the MDR-TB.
Association of in Utero Antibiotic Exposure With Childhood Ear Infection Trajectories: A National Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Hu Yanhong Jessika , Wang Jing , Harwell Joseph Irvin , Wake Melissa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMost prescribed medicines during pregnancy are antibiotics, with unknown effects on a foetus and on the infant’s acquired microbiome. This study investigates associations between in utero antibiotic exposure and ear infection trajectories over the first decade of life, hypothesising effects on early or persistent, rather than later-developing, ear infections.MethodsDesign & Participants: The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) birth cohort recruited a nationally-representative sample of 5107 infants in 2004. Measures: Mothers reported antibiotic use in pregnancy when a child was 3-21 months old (wave 1), and ongoing problems with ear infection every 2 years spanning ages 0-1 to 10-11 years (waves 1 to 6). Analysis: Latent class models identified ear infection trajectories, and univariable and multivariable multinomial logistic regression determined odds of adverse trajectories by antibiotic exposure. Results4500 (88.1% of original sample) children contributed (mean baseline age 0.7 years; 51.3% boys); 10.4% of mothers reported antibiotic use in pregnancy. Four probability trajectories for ear infection emerged: “consistently low” (86.2%), “moderate to low” (5.6%), “low to moderate” (6.7%) and “consistently high” (1.4%). Antibiotic use in pregnancy was associated with children following “consistently high” (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.91, p=0.03) and “moderate to low” (aOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.53, p=0.001) trajectories.ConclusionsAntibiotic use in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of persistent and early childhood ear infections. This highlights the wisdom of cautious antibiotic use during pregnancy, and the need for study of potential mechanisms underlying these associations.
Colostrum avoidance and associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nigussie Jemberu , Girma Bekahegn , Molla Alemayehu , Mareg Moges 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Colostrum is the first milk produced by the mammary glands during the second half of pregnancy for a few days (3-4) after birth. However, colostrum is a normative standard for infants’ complete form of nutrition, most mothers' giving prelacteal food such as honey, butter, sugar water, and plain water instead of colostrum to their newborn. In Ethiopia, colostrum was seen as abnormal milk causing abdominal problems, and to mitigate this problem most mothers were discarding the portion of the colostrum. Although studies have been conducted on colostrum avoidance and associated factors in Ethiopia, their report was inconsistent regarding the prevalence and associated factors. The main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of colostrum avoidance and associated factors in Ethiopia.Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis databases such as Google, Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, and Hinari were searched. We found a total of 327 records, of which 292 records were excluded due to duplication and unrelated to our objective. Finally, 35 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The data were extracted in Microsoft Excel format and exported to STATA Version 14.0 statistical software for analysis. Heterogeneity was checked by the I2 test. A random-effect meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of colostrum avoidance and associated factors. Egger’s weighted regression and Begg’s rank correlation test were used to assess publication bias. Result: This review revealed that the pooled prevalence of colostrum avoidance in Ethiopia was 20.5% (95% CI; 16.46, 24.45). Ante-natal care (ANC) visits [OR= 0.274 (95% CI; 0.175, 0.428)], place of delivery [OR= 3.8 (95% CI; 2.9, 4.9)], breastfed counselling [OR= 0.261(95% CI; 0.147 - 0.462), timely initiation of breast feeding [OR = 3.8 (95% CI; 1.9, 7.4)] and prelacteal feeding [OR= 5.77 (95% CI; 4.03- 8.22)] were significant factors for colostrum avoidance. Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that one of five mothers discarded colostrum in Ethiopia. Colostrum avoidance was higher in rural mothers than in urban mothers. Strengthening ANC visits, institutional delivery, breastfed counseling, early initiation of breastfeeding, and avoidance of prelacteal feeding are recommended interventions to reduce colostrum avoidance in Ethiopia. Furthermore, promoting the health benefit of colostrum and its nutritional value also emphasizes to improving colostrum feeding in the community.
Cloning, characterization, and expression features of chicken CDS2 splicing variants
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Zhang Shuping , Guo Yujun , Chen Wen , Huang Yanqun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The CDS gene encodes the CDP-diacylglycerol synthase enzyme that catalyzes the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) from phosphatidic acid. At present, there are no reports of CDS2 in birds. Here, we identified chicken CDS2 transcripts, explored the spatio-temporal expression profiles of total CDS2 and the longest transcript variant CDS2-4, and investigated the effect of exogenous insulin on total the mRNA level of CDS2.Results: Four transcripts of chicken CDS2 (CDS2-1, -2, -3, and -4) were identified, which were alternatively spliced at the 3′-untranslated region (UTR). Chicken CDS2 was located at chr.22, where there was a chromosomal fusion/break event in the evolution of mammals and birds. CDS2 was widely expressed in all tissues examined and the longest variant CDS2-4 was the major transcript. Both total CDS2 and CDS2-4 were prominently expressed in adipose tissue and the heart, and exhibited low expression in the liver and pectoralis of 49 day-old chickens. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that total CDS2 and CDS2-4 had different spatio-temporal expression patterns in chicken. Total CDS2 exhibited a similar temporal expression tendancy with a high level in the later period of incubation (embryonic day 19 [E19] or 1-day-old) in the brain, liver, and pectoralis. While CDS2-4 presented a distinct temporal expression pattern in these tissues, CDS2-4 levels peaked at 21 days in the brain and pectoralis, while liver CDS2-4 mRNA levels were highest at the early stage of hatching (E10). Total CDS2 (P < 0.001) and CDS2-4 (P = 0.0090) mRNA levels in the liver were differentially regulated throughout development of the chicken. Exogenous insulin significantly downregulated the level of total CDS2 at 240 min in the pectoralis of Silky chickens (P < 0.01). Total CDS2 levels in the liver of Silky chickens were higher than that of the broiler in the basal state and after insulin stimulation.Conclusion: Chicken CDS2 has multiple transcripts with variation at the 3′-UTR, which was prominently expressed in adipose tissue. Total CDS2 and CDS2-4 presented distinct spatio-temporal expression patterns, and they were differentially regulated with age in liver. Insulin could regulate chicken CDS2 levels in a breed- and tissue-specific manner.
Magnetic Nanoparticles to Unique DNA Tracers – Effect of Functionalization on Physico-Chemical Properties.
Authors: Sharma Anuvansh , Foppen Jan Willem , Banerjee Abhishek , Slimani Sawssen , Bachhar Nirmalya , Peddis Davide , Bandyopadhyay Sulalit 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Limited number of potential tracers such as salts, isotopes and dyes, make study of hydrological processes a challenge. Traditional tracers find limited use due to lack of multipoint tracing and background noise, among others. DNA based tracers have been shown to have great potential enabling synthesis of ideally unlimited number of unique tracers besides being environmentally friendly, highly sensitive and capable of multipoint tracing. To prevent unintentional losses in the environment during application and easy recovery for analysis, we hereby report DNA encapsulation in silica containing magnetic cores (iron oxide) of two different shapes – spheres and cubes, in the size range 10-20 nm, synthesized using co-precipitation or thermal decomposition. Physico-chemical properties such as size, zeta potential, etc of the iron oxide nanoparticles have been optimized for different ligands and surfactants. We report for the first time the effect of surface coating on the magnetic properties of the iron oxide nanoparticles at each stage of functionalization, culminating in silica shells. Efficiency of encapsulation of three different dsDNA molecules has been studied using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Our results show that our DNA based magnetic tracers can be used for hydrological monitoring with easy recoverability and high signal amplification.
Utility function and determination of functional dependence form of the utility benefits from its extent.
Authors: Чудовская Л.А. , Затенко С.И. , Тарабан М.В. 
Published: September 2020

Раскрывается тесная связь понятия «потребительная ценность блага (полезности)» и более конкретного понятия «качество товаров». Трактовка понятия «благо» является достаточно общей, для того чтобы быть применимой к продуктам различной природы (от реальных товаров и услуг до информации, информационного обеспечения и результатов творчества). Рассматриваются наиболее часто используемые в исследованиях функции полезности экономических благ (в частности, функции полезности денег). Приводятся пять различных подходов к определению вида функциональной зависимости полезности экономического блага (в частности, денег) от его объема. Выявлены основные виды функций полезности: классическая функция полезности Бернулли, классическая функция полезности Крамера, нормированная функция полезности Бернулли, нормированная функция полезности Крамера, обобщенная нормированная функция полезности. Показано, что выявление вида функциональной зависимости полезности блага от его объема происходит в условиях теоретико-множественной неопределенности, когда имеется целый класс параметризованных функций, заданных с точностью до параметра, возможные значения которого лежат в некотором интервале.
The article deals with a closely tied connection of the concept of benefit custom value (value in use) and more specific with concept of goods quality. The interpretation of the concept benefit is common to be applicable to products of different nature (from real goods and services to information, communication and creativity). The most widely used utility functions of economic benefits (in particular: the utility function of money) are viewed in the article. There are five different approaches given to define the form of the functional dependence of the utility of economic benefits (in particular money) from its extent. The main types of utility functions are: Bernoulli utility function; Cramer classical utility function; normalized utility function of Bernoulli; normalized utility function of Cramer; a generalized normalized utility function. It is shown that the identification of the functional dependence form of the utility benefit from its extent goes on in terms of set-theoretic uncertainty, when there is an entire class of parameterized functions that are defined to the precision of the parameter, the possible values of which lie in some interval.
An Alternative Classification Scheme for Accessory Mental Foramen
Authors: Yalcin Turgut Yagmur , Bektaş-Kayhan ıvanc , Yilmaz Ayca , Ozcan Ilknur 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The mental foramen (MF) is an important anatomical landmark on the
mandible. MFs may occur singly or with extra foramina (accessory mental foramen (AMF)).

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to discuss the importance of recognition and classification
of AMFs.

Methods:
This study assessed CBCT images of 593 patients (208 male, 385 female) and proposed
an AMF classification scheme based on three different characteristics: (1) location of the AMF
with respect to the MF; (2) relationship of AMFs with tooth apices; and (3) origin of the AMF. The
chi-squared test was used to compare the qualitative data as well as descriptive statistical methods
when the study data were evaluated. Significance was assessed at the p<0.05 level.

Results:
A total of 80 AMFs were found in 71 patients. Six cases involved bilateral AMFs,
whereas three cases showed double AMFs. The most common AMF location was the region posterior
of the MF. Notably, all the AMFs detected in line with the mesial half of the first molar were
present in female patients. Based on AMF origins, 44.5%, 48.6%, and 6.7% of the AMFs were categorized
as type I, type II, and a new category identified in this study, type III.

Conclusion:
This study revealed that some foramina locations were not considered in the previous
classification. Recognition and identification of these foramina might be critical to prevent possible
complications. The proposed classification scheme may facilitate this objective and can be a new
focus for future studies.
Anticancer Potential of Lepidium Sativum Seeds Aqueous Extract on the Azoxymethane/ Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colon Cancer In vivo
Authors: Hussien Nahed Ahmed , Alsulami Ghazwaa Awad 
Published: September 2020

Background::Colon cancer is responsible for increasing the death rate worldwide. Commonly used anticancer drugs have various side effects and their clinical usage must be restricted due to their toxicity.Objective::The present research aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of Lepidium sativum L. (LS) seeds aqueous extract against azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) inducedcolon cancer in male albino mice.Methods::Low (200 mg/kg) and high (400 mg/kg) doses of LS seeds extract were used to treat induced colon cancer in different stages.Results::The present results report that LS treatment for mice with colon cancer especially in high dose, decreases colon polyps/tumor incidence and size, tissues disorder, expression of P53 and increases apoptosis in colon tissue. Moreover, LS decreases micronucleus induction in polychromatic (PCE), increases PCE/normochromatic erythrocytes ratio and decreases the percentage of sperm abnormalities.Conclusion::The present study reports anticancer potential of LS for induced colorectal cancer mice by ameliorating the inflammatory steps of colon.
Computing Salient Feature Points of 3D Model Based on Geodesic Distance and Decision Graph Clustering
Authors: Sun Dechao , Chen Nenglun , Wang Renfang , Liu Bangquan , Liang Feng 
Published: September 2020

Introduction::
Computing salient feature points (SFP) of 3D models has important application value in the field of computer graphics. In order to extract more effectively, a novel SFP computing algorithm based on geodesic distance and decision graph clustering is proposed.

Method::
Firstly, geodesic distance of model vertices is calculated based on heat conduction equation, then average geodesic distance and importance weight of vertices are calculated. Finally, decision graph clustering method is used to calculate the decision graph of model vertices.

Result and Discussion::
3D models in SHREC 2011 dataset are selected to test the proposed algorithm. Compared with the existing algorithms, this method calculates the SFP of the 3D model from a global perspective. Results show that it is not affected by model posture and noise.

Conclusion::
Our method maps the SFP of 3D model to 2D decision-making diagram, which simplifies the calculation process of SFP, improves the calculation accuracy and has strong robustness.
Assessment of Risks for Successful Implementation of Industry 4.0
Authors: Gadekar Rimalini , Sarkar Bijan , Gadekar Ashish 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
The transformation happening globally, though referred to by different names
and nomenclatures, the overall objective to inspire digitalization and smart practices by reducing
human intervention and enhancing machine intelligence to take on the global manufacturing and
production to another level of excellence is a proven fact now. However, earlier research has been
found lacking in the strategic approach to evaluate and analyze the I4.0 adoption-related risks for its
implementation. This ultimately deprived organizations of a multitude of the benefits of I4.0 adoption.
This research proposes a systematic methodology for understanding and evaluating the most
evident risks in the context of I4.0 implementation.

Design/Methodology/Approach:
The research is mainly based on the inputs from experts/consultants
along with robust literature review and researcher’s experience in the area of risk handling. The
MCDM methods used for investigation and assessment are Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS. The
outcomes of the study are further validated through sensitivity analysis and real-world scenario.

Results:
Technical and Information Technology (IT) risks are found to be on the top of the priority
list, which needs urgent attention while embarking on I4.0 adoption in the industry, and the most
important criteria, which needed urgent attention was Information Security. The paper has also developed
the ‘Industry 4.0 Risks Iceberg model’ and systematically categorized the challenges into 5
dimensions for easy assessment and analysis.

Practical Implications:
This systematic and holistic study of the I4.0 associated risks can be used to
find the most critical and crucial risks based on which the strategies and policies may be modified to
harness the best of I4.0. This will not only ensure the returns on investment but also will build trust
in the system. The research would be very beneficial to managers, academicians, researchers, and
technocrats who would be involved in I4.0 implementation.