bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BDNF Overexpression Enhances the Preconditioning Effect of Brief Episodes of Hypoxia, Promoting Survival of GABAergic Neurons
Authors: Turovskaya M. V. , Gaidin S. G. , Vedunova M. V. , Babaev A. A. , Turovsky E. A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHypoxia causes depression of synaptic plasticity, hyperexcitation of neuronal networks, and the death of specific populations of neurons. However, brief episodes of hypoxia can promote the adaptation of cells. Hypoxic preconditioning is well manifested in glutamatergic neurons, while this adaptive mechanism is virtually suppressed in GABAergic neurons. Here, we show that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) overexpression in neurons enhances the preconditioning effect of brief episodes of hypoxia. The amplitudes of the NMDAR- and AMPAR-mediated Ca2+responses of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons gradually decreased after repetitive brief hypoxia/reoxygenation cycles in cell cultures transduced with the (AAV)-Syn-BDNF-EGFP virus construct. In contrast, the amplitudes of the responses of GABAergic neurons increased in non-transduced cultures after preconditioning. The decrease of the amplitudes in GABAergic neurons indicated the activation of mechanisms of hypoxic preconditioning. Preconditioning suppressed apoptotic or necrotic cell death. This effect was most pronounced in cultures with BDNF overexpression. Knockdown of BDNF abolished the effect of preconditioning and promoted the death of GABAergic neurons. Moreover, the expression of the anti-apoptotic genes Stat3, Socs3, and Bcl-xl substantially increased 24 h after hypoxic episodes in the transduced cultures compared to controls. The expression of genes encoding the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-6 also increased. In turn, the expression of pro-apoptotic (Bax, Casp-3, and Fas) and pro-inflammatory (IL-1β and TNFα) genes decreased after hypoxic episodes in cultures with BDNF overexpression. Inhibition of vesicular BDNF release abolished its protective action targeting inhibition of the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced [Ca2+]iincrease in GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, thus promoting their death. Bafilomycin A1, Brefeldin A, and tetanus toxin suppressed vesicular release (including BDNF) and shifted the gene expression profile towards excitotoxicity, inflammation, and apoptosis. These inhibitors of vesicular release abolished the protective effects of hypoxic preconditioning in glutamatergic neurons 24 h after hypoxia/reoxygenation cycles. This finding indicates a significant contribution of vesicular BDNF release to the development of the mechanisms of hypoxic preconditioning. Thus, our results demonstrate that BDNF plays a pivotal role in the activation and enhancement of the preconditioning effect of brief episodes of hypoxia and promotes tolerance of the most vulnerable populations of GABAergic neurons to hypoxia/ischemia.
Potentiality of the Use of Pyroclastic Volcanic Residues in the Production of Alkali Activated Material
Authors: Barone Germana , Finocchiaro Claudio , Lancellotti Isabella , Leonelli Cristina , Mazzoleni Paolo , Sgarlata Caterina , Stroscio Antonio 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Volcanic rocks have been used for building activity by the inhabitants of important cities located on the slopes of Mt. Etna, Italy. In this paper, the potential use of volcanic residues (code 20 03 03—“Municipal waste” residues from road cleaning in the European Waste Catalogue (EWC)) for the production of alkali activated material, especially devoted to the restoration of buildings belonging to the Baroque Sicilian architecture, was investigated. In particular, large volcanic pyroclastic deposits of recent eruptions considered waste materials were studied and a volcanic paleo-soil, locally named ghiara, widely used for mortars and plaster production in XVII–XVIII century with good pozzolanic features, was also considered. Both volcanic materials were activated using different mixtures of NaOH and Na2SiO3. Furthermore, formulations with different amount of metakaolin addition (10–25 wt%) were prepared due to low reactivity of volcanic materials and to allow the activation at room temperature. X ray diffraction revealed the formation of small quantities of zeolites as a result of the alkali activation process. The mechanical-physical results evidenced that the mechanical strength is strongly dependent on the metakaolin amount (10–38 MPa); accessible porosity average 25% and an average pore diameter of 0.06 µm; water absorption range 9–15%, eluates conductivity in the range 20–350 µS/m. These results confirm the occurring of alkali activation and the good potential for these pyroclastic wastes for valorization in the restoration field.

Graphic Abstract
Memory T cells: strategies for optimizing tumor immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Qingjun , Sun Zhongjie , Chen Ligong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSeveral studies have demonstrated that memory T cells including stem cell memory (Tscm) T cells and central memory (Tcm) T cells show superior persistence and antitumor immunity compared with effector memory T (Tem) cells and effector T (Teff) cells. Furthermore, the Tcm/Teff ratio has been reported to be a predictive biomarker of immune responses against some tumors. Thus, a system-level understanding of the mechanisms underlying the differentiation of effector and memory T cells is of increasing importance for developing immunological strategies against various tumors. This review focuses on recent advances in efficacy against tumors, the origin, formation mechanisms of memory T cells, and the role of the gut microbiota in memory T cell formation. Furthermore, we summarize strategies to generate memory T cellsin(ex)vivothat, might be applicable in clinical practice.
Clone-directed therapy for proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin depositions: is it always necessary?
Authors: van Kruijsdijk Rob C. M. , Abrahams Alferso C. , Nguyen Tri Q. , Minnema Monique C. , Jacobs Joannes F. M. , Limper Maarten 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMonoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) encompasses a group of disorders in which a monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-protein) secreted by a B-cell or plasma cell clone causes renal disease. Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits (PGNMID) is a form of MGRS where M-protein is deposited in the glomerulus. Although evidence is limited, the current consensus is that therapy for PGNMID should be directed against the underlying clone. However, it is conceivable that there is heterogeneity in the renal prognosis of PGNMID and that not all patients have need for clone-directed therapy. Here, we report two cases of PGNMID with IgM-kappa gammopathy. In one case of a 53-year-old woman the glomerulonephritis resolved without clone-directed therapy. In the other case of a 34-year-old woman clone-directed therapy was discontinued due to adverse effects. Although no hematological response was achieved, the PGNMID resolved. In both cases there are no signs of a recurrent glomerulonephritis in over 3 years of follow-up. Here, we review the literature and suggest that some PGNMID patients have a favorable renal prognosis in whom clone-directed therapy can be withheld or postponed. Further research is warranted to yield predictors to identify these patients and to better understand the disease course of PGNMID.
Forex exchange rate forecasting using deep recurrent neural networks
Authors: Dautel Alexander Jakob , Härdle Wolfgang Karl , Lessmann Stefan , Seow Hsin-Vonn 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDeep learning has substantially advanced the state of the art in computer vision, natural language processing, and other fields. The paper examines the potential of deep learning for exchange rate forecasting. We systematically compare long short-term memory networks and gated recurrent units to traditional recurrent network architectures as well as feedforward networks in terms of their directional forecasting accuracy and the profitability of trading model predictions. Empirical results indicate the suitability of deep networks for exchange rate forecasting in general but also evidence the difficulty of implementing and tuning corresponding architectures. Especially with regard to trading profit, a simpler neural network may perform as well as if not better than a more complex deep neural network.
The Physical and Psychological Experience of Rowing the North Atlantic Solo and Unassisted
Authors: Alschuler Kevin N. , Whibley Daniel , Alberts Nicole M. , Kaylor Makena , Kratz Anna L. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction The present study followed an individual’s successful, record-setting, solo, unsupported row across the North Atlantic Ocean to gain an understanding of the physical and psychological experience of this extreme endurance feat. Methods The participant was a 37-y-old male endurance athlete. Over the course of his nearly 39-d row, he provided daily ratings of effort, physical symptoms, and psychological experiences via a self-report questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed using simulation modelling analysis to examine within-day and cross-lagged correlations between perceived exertion and all other variables. Qualitative data were examined via thematic content analysis. Results Results showed that, on average, the participant experienced low levels of pain intensity, pain interference, fatigue interference, sleepiness, loneliness, boredom, anxiety, and frustration, in contrast to moderate scores for fatigue, restfulness, positive emotions, calmness, and confidence. There were statistically significant correlations between higher levels of perceived exertion and higher same-day levels of pain interference, fatigue, and fatigue interference, as well as lower same-day levels of calmness, loneliness, and boredom. Qualitative responses revealed 3 primary stressor types (internal physical, internal psychological, and external stressors) and 5 coping responses (acceptance/mindfulness, active response/problem solving, adjusting expectations/goal setting, distraction, and resignation). Conclusions Study findings indicate that the extreme athlete experienced physical and emotional challenges, but he demonstrated positive adjustment via the frequent experience of positive emotions and proficient use of a broad set of coping strategies matched to the daily stressor being addressed.
Effectiveness of hospital avoidance interventions among elderly patients: A systematic review
Authors: Pritchard Caillie , Ness Alyssa , Symonds Nicola , Siarkowski Michael , Broadfoot Michael , McBrien Kerry A. , Lang Eddy , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna , Ronksley Paul E. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveOlder patients with complex care needs and limited personal and social resources are heavy users of emergency department (ED) services and are often admitted when they present to the ED. Updated information is needed regarding the most effective strategies to appropriately avoid ED presentation and hospital admission among older patients.MethodsThis systematic review aimed to identify interventions that have demonstrated effectiveness in decreasing ED use and hospital admissions in older patients. We conducted a comprehensive literature search within Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from database inception to July 2019 with no language restrictions. Interventional study designs conducted in populations of 65 years and older were included. Primary outcomes were ED visits and hospital admissions. Secondary outcomes included hospital readmission, mortality, cost, and patient-reported outcomes.ResultsOf 7,943 citations reviewed for eligibility, 53 studies were included in our qualitative synthesis, including 26 randomized controlled trials (RCT), 8 cluster-RCTs, and 19 controlled before-after studies. Data characterization revealed that community-based strategies reduced ED visits, particularly those that included comprehensive geriatric assessments and home visits. These strategies reported decreases in mean ED use (for interventions versus controls) ranging from -0.12 to -1.32 visits/patient. Interventions that included home visits also showed reductions in hospital admissions ranging from -6% to -14%. There was, however, considerable variability across individual studies with respect to outcome reporting, statistical analyses, and risk of bias, which limited our ability to further quantify the effect of these interventions.ConclusionVarious interventional strategies to avoid ED presentations and hospital admissions for older patients have been studied. While models of care that include comprehensive geriatric assessments and home visits may reduce acute care utilization, the standardization of outcome measures is needed to further delineate which parts of these complex interventions are contributing to efficacy. The potential effects of multidisciplinary team composition on patient outcomes also warrant further investigation.
Flood Preparedness Literacy and Behaviors in Community Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Boonyaratkalin Panisa , Partiprajak Suphamas , Piaseu Noppawan 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to flood preparedness literacy and the relationship between flood preparedness literacy and behaviors.Methods:A quantitative descriptive correlational study. The sample included 134 people residing in a central Thai province. Descriptive statistics, point-biserial correlation coefficient, and Spearmanʼs rank correlation were used in the data analysis.Results:The results revealed that the factors related to flood preparedness literacy with a statistical significance were marital status (rpb = 0.207; P < 0.01), hearing ability (r = 0.197; P < 0.05), instrumental activities of daily living (r = 0.226; P < 0.01), and social support (r = 0.388; P < 0.01). Flood preparedness literacy was correlated with flood preparedness behaviors (r = 0.281; P < 0.01).Conclusion:The factors related to flood preparedness literacy as mentioned above should be assessed to identify vulnerable groups for specific care provision. Furthermore, nurses should promote these factors to contribute to effective responses during flood disasters.
African Voices Echoing in European Texts: The Muffled Meanings of the Madzimbabwe of the Mocaranga between the Sixteenth and the Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: Roufe Gai , Miller Joseph C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present article contributes to understanding of the Zimbabwe political institution of the southern portion of the Zambesi Valley based on the conceptualization of its population, between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. We reconstruct the local perceptions of this institution by detecting information provided by local persons as recounted in Portuguese ethnographic documents. The original information underwent different types and degrees of translation and editing to reach the forms recorded in these documents. We present a critical process of recovering local voices, ideologies, and conceptualizations from written literal translations of excerpts of oral statements that can serve as a valuable methodological tool in expanding our understanding of the history of early African politics.
The Permian–Triassic boundary in continental sedimentary succession at the SE margin of the Central European Basin (Holy Cross Mountains, Poland)
Authors: Jewuła Karol , Trela Wiesław , Fijałkowska-Mader Anna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe studied the upper Permian and Lower Triassic deposits from the northern and northwestern marginal part of the Holy Cross Mountains (SE part of the Central European Basin or CEB, Poland) to examine stratigraphic continuity between these two systems, and to revise the currently existing stratigraphic framework. A previously existing informal lithostratigraphic scheme has been revisited and placed in a broader chronostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental context. Sedimentary continuity across the Permian–Triassic (P/T) boundary has been confirmed by the presence of Lueckisporites virkkiae Bc morphological norm and Lundbladispora obsoleta–Protohaploxypinus pantii palynomorphs. Facies development reflects an interplay between climatic variations and tectonism during late Permian – Early Triassic time. The P/T boundary was placed between the Siodła Formation and overlying Szczukowice and Jaworzna formations, which coincides with the classical Zechstein–Buntsandstein boundary in the SE part of the CEB. The facies changes recorded in the studied terrestrial succession of the P/T boundary shed light on the environmental dynamic prior, during and after one of the biggest biotic crises in Earth’s history.
Occurrence of the eudemersal radiodontCambrorasterin the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte and the diversity of hurdiid ecomorphotypes
Authors: Liu Yu , Lerosey-Aubril Rudy , Audo Denis , Zhai Dayou , Mai Huijuan , Ortega-Hernández Javier 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRadiodonts are a diverse clade of Lower Palaeozoic stem-group euarthropods that played a key role in the emergence of complex marine trophic webs. The latest addition to the group,Cambroraster falcatus, was recently described from the Wuliuan Burgess Shale, and is characterized by a unique horseshoe-shaped central carapace element. Here we report the discovery ofCambrorastersp. nov. A, a new species from the Cambrian Stage 3 Chengjiang Lagerstätte of South China. The new occurrence ofCambrorasterdemonstrates that some of the earliest known radiodonts had already evolved a highly derived carapace morphology adapted to an essentially eudemersal life as sediment foragers.
Prediction of in vivo organic matter digestibility of beef cattle diets from degradation parameters estimated from in situ and in vitro incubations
Authors: Benedeti Pedro Del Bianco , Valadares Filho Sebastião de Campos , Zanetti Diego , Fonseca e Silva Fabyano , Silva Breno de Castro , Alhadas Herlon Meneguelli , Vieira Pereira Jéssica Marcela , Pacheco Marcos Vinicios Carneiro , Pucetti Pauliane , Baião Menezes Ana Clara , de Sales Silva Flavia Adriane , Godoi Letícia Artuzo , Santos Stefanie Alvarenga 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe objective of this meta-analysis study was to develop and validate equations estimated from in situ and in vitro methods to predict in vivo ruminal digestibility of organic matter (OM) of beef cattle diets. The database was composed of individual data of 23 diets from six experiments. Information collected from these studies was: in vivo digestibility and degradation parameters of OM calculated from in situ and in vitro incubations. The values of estimated times for the in situ and in vitro incubations to access in vivo digestibility of OM, and differences between degradation at 24, 48 and 72 h (in situ and in vitro) and in vivo digestibility were analysed in a model that included the fixed effects of forage neutral detergent fibre level. Thereafter, a multiple stepwise regression was carried out using OM digestibility as a dependent variable and degradation parameters (A = water-soluble fraction; B = potentially degradable water-insoluble fraction; and kd = degradation rate of fraction B) as independent variables. Equation validation was performed using data from a seventh experiment that have the same methods than previous studies. Stepwise regression results showed that the kd contributed significantly in most of the algorithms derived to predict in vivo digestibility. Validation analysis showed that equations developed from both in vitro and in situ incubations accurately estimated the in vivo digestibility of OM (P > 0.05). Our results suggest that equations developed to estimate OM digestibility showed both precision and accuracy; however, in situ method presented better results than in vitro.
Who Is (Not) a Servant, Anyway? Domestic servants and service in early colonial India*
Authors: SINHA NITIN 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe article deals with one of the under-researched themes of Indian history, which is the history of domestic servants. Thinking about servants raises two fundamental questions: who were they and what did domestic service mean? The identities of a servant as a contract wage earner or a person either belonging as a member or tied to the family through fictive/constructed claims of kinship were not mutually exclusive. Servants' identity existed in a continuum running from ‘free’ waged coolie on the one hand to ‘unfree’ slave on the other. The article traces the history of domestic servants along two axes: the slave–servant continuum, but, more importantly, the coolie–servant conundrum, which is a lesser-explored field in South Asian labour history or burgeoning scholarship on domesticity and household. Charting through the dense history of terminologies, the space of the city, and legal frameworks adopted by the Company state to regulate servants, it also underscores the difficulties of researching on a subaltern group that is so ubiquitous yet so fragmented in the archives. In order to reconstruct servants' pasts, we need to shake up our own fields of history writing—urban, labour, gender, and social—to discover servants’ traces wherever they are found. From serving as witnesses in courtrooms to becoming the subject of a city's foundational anecdote, their presence was spread across straw huts, streets, and maidans. Their work, defined through ‘private hire’, was the product of a historical process in which a series of regulations helped to intimatize the master-servant relationship.
Early adult mental health, functional and neuropsychological outcomes of young people who have reported psychotic experiences: a 10-year longitudinal study
Authors: Carey Eleanor , Gillan Diane , Healy Colm , Dooley Niamh , Campbell Dónal , McGrane Josen , O'Neill Aisling , Coughlan Helen , Clarke Mary , Kelleher Ian , Cannon Mary 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsychotic experiences (PE) are highly prevalent in childhood and are known to be associated with co-morbid mental health disorders and functional difficulties in adolescence. However, little is known about the long-term outcomes of young people who report PE.MethodsAs part of the Adolescent Brain Development Study, 211 young people were recruited in childhood (mean age 11.7 years) and underwent detailed clinical interviews, with 25% reporting PE. A 10 year follow-up study was completed and 103 participants returned (mean age 20.9 years). Structured clinical interviews for DSM-5 (SCID-5) and interviewer-rated assessments of functioning were conducted. A detailed neuropsychological battery was also administered. Analyses investigated group differences between those who had ever reported PE and controls in early adulthood.ResultsThe PE group was at a significantly higher risk of meeting DSM-5 criteria for a current (OR 4.08, CI 1.16–14.29, p = 0.03) and lifetime psychiatric disorder (OR 3.27, CI 1.43–7.47, p = 0.005). They were also at a significantly higher risk of multi-morbid lifetime psychiatric disorders. Significantly lower scores on current social and global functioning measures were observed for the PE group. Overall, there were no differences in neuropsychological performance between groups apart from significantly lower scores on the Stroop Word task and the Purdue Pegboard task for the PE group.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that reports of PE are associated with poorer mental health and functional outcomes in early adulthood, with some persisting cognitive and motor deficits. Young people who report such symptoms could be considered a target group for interventions to aid functional outcomes.