bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of bone quality at the lumbar and sacral spine using CT scans: a retrospective feasibility study in 50 comparing CT and DXA data
Authors: Berger-Groch J. , Thiesen D. M. , Ntalos D. , Hennes F. , Hartel M. J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Computed tomography (CT) is a standard diagnostic tool for preoperative screening for many indications in spinal and pelvic surgery. The gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis is standard dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The aim of the present study was to compare the accuracy of Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements not only at the lower lumbar, but also at the sacral spine using standard CT scans.

Patients and methods
Main inclusion criterion for this retrospective analysis in 50 patients was the availability of both a CT scan of the lumbar and sacral spines and a DXA scan. HUs were measured in intact vertebral bodies L4, L5 and S1. Results of the HU in CT scan were compared to the T-score and bone mineral density in DXA. A group with normal bone density (T-score higher − 1, n = 26) was compared with a group with impaired bone density (T-score lower − 1, n = 24).

Results
A multivariant binary logistic regression analysis showed significant results for HU measurement in L4 (p = 0.009), L5 (p = 0.005) and S1 (p = 0.046) with respect to differentiation between normal and impaired bone quality. Cutoffs between normal and impaired bone density values for trabecular region of interest attenuation for L4, L5 and S1 are presented. In L4 100% sensitivity to detect normal bone was reached when HU was higher than 161, HU higher than 157 in L5 and HU higher than 207 in S1.

Conclusions
HU measurements in CT scans have proven to be a feasible tool to additionally assess bone quality at the lumbar and sacral spine with good sensitivity, when compared with the gold standard DXA.

Level of evidence
III.

Graphic abstract
These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Development of a template tool for facilitating fibula osteotomy in reconstruction of mandibular defects by digital analysis of the human mandible
Authors: Nobis Christopher-Philipp , Kesting Marco Rainer , Wolff Klaus-Dietrich , Frohwitter Gesche , Rau Andrea , Weitz Jochen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Mandibular reconstruction after segmental mandibulectomy can be challenging without virtual surgical planning and osteotomy guides. The purpose of this study was to analyze anatomic parameters to facilitate the evaluation of ideal fibula wedge osteotomies to reconstruct the neomandibula in a simple and cost-effective manner without the need for preoperative virtual planning.

Materials and methods
Computed tomography scans were acquired from randomly selected patients, and all images were obtained from routine clinical diagnostics, e.g., tumor staging, or preoperatively before reconstruction. Data was used to calculate stereolithographic models of the mandible for length and angle measurements. Statistical analysis was performed (p < 0.05).

Results
CT scans of 100 patients were analyzed: 39 were female and 61 were male patients, mean age was 59.08a. The mandibular arch angle proved to be constant with 241.07 ± 2.39°. The outside B-segment length was 80.05 ± 5.16 mm; the anterior S-segment length was 27.69 ± 3.16 mm. The angle of the mandibular arch showed differences in means (p = 0.004) between age groups, but effect was proved low. No relevant statistical significances were detected.

Conclusions
The development of a mandible reconstruction template tool would benefit the majority of head and neck patients, which is due to a constant mandibular arch angle and symphysis segment length throughout the general patient population, allowing the mimicking of a harmonic mandibular arch with up to three fibula segments.

Clinical relevance
The developed mandible reconstruction template tool can facilitate the fibula wedge osteotomies necessary for reconstruction of an ideal neomandibula providing a novel approach which is simple and cost-effective.
A short note on the reliability of perceptual timing tasks as commonly used in research on developmental disorders
Authors: Marx Ivo , Rubia Katya , Reis Olaf , Noreika Valdas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesPerceptual timing tasks are frequently applied in research on developmental disorders, but information on their reliability is lacking in pediatric studies. We therefore aimed to assess the reliability of the four paradigms most frequently used, i.e., time discrimination, time estimation, time production, and time reproduction.MethodsBased on the data from our recent longitudinal study by Marx et al. (Front Hum Neurosci 11:122, 2017), we estimated the internal consistency and test–retest reliability of these tasks in children with ADHD and typically developing children. Individual thresholds were used as dependent measures for the time discrimination task, whereas absolute error and accuracy coefficient scores were used for the other three tasks.ResultsAlthough less commonly used, the time estimation paradigm was the most robust measure of perceptual timing in terms of internal consistency and test–retest reliability in both ADHD and typically developing children, whereas the most frequently used paradigms showed poor internal consistency (time reproduction) and poor test–retest reliability (time discrimination). Compared to the absolute errors, accuracy coefficients showed almost exclusively higher internal consistency and test–retest reliability.ConclusionsOur findings call for more frequent use of the time estimation paradigm in studies of perceptual timing in ADHD. The time reproduction paradigm should be re-considered, avoiding pooling of a wide range of time intervals (2–48 s). The accuracy coefficient score is the more reliable and the more intuitive dependent variable and should be preferred in future timing research. To increase the reliability of the timing measurement, each experimental session should be performed twice, if possible.
A survey on clinical pathways of patients with epilepsy and cerebrovascular diseases or brain tumors
Authors: Zaccara Gaetano , Esposito Vincenzo , Maschio Marta , Musolino Rosa , Rudà Roberta , Toni Danilo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective
Patients with seizures and epilepsies comorbid with cerebrovascular disorders (CVDs) or brain tumors (BTs) are managed by different specialists, including neurologists with expertise in epilepsy (epileptologists), CVDs, and neuro-oncology, as well as neurologists without special expertise (general neurologists), and also emergency room physicians (EPs), intensive care physicians, and neurosurgeons. It has never been studied how these specialists interact for the treatment of seizures or epilepsy in these patients.

Methods
A survey was used to investigate how patients with such comorbidities are managed in hospitals in Italy.

Results
One hundred and twenty-eight specialists from hospitals in all parts of Italy filled in a questionnaire. Epileptologists were in charge of treatment of epilepsy in about 50% of cases while acute seizures were treated mainly by general neurologists (52% of cases). Diagnostic, therapeutic, and assistance pathways (PDTAs) for CVD and BT epilepsies were declared by physicians in about half of the hospitals while in about a quarter, there were only informal agreements and, in the remaining hospitals, there were no agreements between specialists. CVD neurologists, specialists in internal medicine, and EP were most often in charge of treatment of epilepsy comorbid with CVD. General neurologists, neuro-oncologists, and neurosurgeons were included in teams that manage BT epilepsies while epileptologists were included only in a small percentage of hospitals.

Conclusions
Clinical decisions on epilepsy or seizures in patients with such comorbidities are often handled by different specialists. A new team culture and PDTAs are needed to guarantee high standards of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Anatomical variations and pathological changes in the hearts of free-ranging Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Finland
Authors: Kareinen Ilona , Lavonen Emilia , Viranta-Kovanen Suvi , Holmala Katja , Laakkonen Juha 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) despite the wide distribution has fragmented populations with possibly decreased genetic variability. Reports from Central Europe have raised cardiac health as possible risk factor for lynx populations. The knowledge on normal anatomic variations of lynx heart is crucial to assess emerging pathological or hereditary disorders. The aim of this study was to give a detailed description of the cardiac anatomy and circulation of the Eurasian lynx and to report the cardiac health of the lynx in Finland. The cardiac anatomy and pathology were studied post mortem from 63 legally hunted lynx. In general, the cardiac anatomy of Eurasian lynx corresponded with that described for other felids. In the ventricles, varying number of thin ventricular bands was a common feature and their histological appearance was characterized by a fibromuscular pattern. The size of the heart varied between males and females, but the relative size was similar to that described for most domesticated carnivores. No marked pathologic lesions were observed in the lynx hearts. Fibrosis was observed in 56% of the hearts, but it was focal and mild in degree and unlikely to affect cardiac function or to have clinical significance. In conclusion, the cardiac health of the Finnish Eurasian lynx population is good with no signs of heritable cardiac disorders. Furthermore, we were able to give a detailed anatomic description of the lynx heart, which can serve as a reference for further epidemiological investigations on cardiac diseases in lynx populations.
Conflict with Parents in Adolescent Depression: Associations with Parental Interpersonal Problems and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Rognli Erling W. , Waraan Luxsiya , Czajkowski Nikolai O. , Solbakken Ole André , Aalberg Marianne 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConflict with parents is common among depressed adolescents, interferes with treatment, and may increase risk of recurrence. Parental depressive symptoms have been shown to predict conflict with adolescent children, but an important role for different kinds of parental interpersonal problems, as described by interpersonal circumplex, is also plausible. This study compared parental interpersonal problems to parental depressive symptoms as predictors of parent-adolescent conflict reported by a depressed adolescent child, using multilevel linear regression, leave-one-out cross-validation and model stacking (N = 100 parents, 57 mothers and 43 fathers, of 60 different adolescents). Cross-validation and model stacking showed that including parental interpersonal problems contributes to accurate predictions. Parents reporting more interpersonal problems related to excessive dominance or submissiveness was associated with increased or decreased conflict, respectively. Parental depressive symptoms were found to be negatively associated with parent-adolescent conflict only in father-adolescent relationships.
Randomness? What Randomness?
Authors: Landsman Klaas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis is a review of the issue of randomness in quantum mechanics, with special emphasis on its ambiguity; for example, randomness has different antipodal relationships to determinism, computability, and compressibility. Following a (Wittgensteinian) philosophical discussion of randomness in general, I argue that deterministic interpretations of quantum mechanics (like Bohmian mechanics or ’t Hooft’s Cellular Automaton interpretation) are strictly speaking incompatible with the Born rule. I also stress the role of outliers, i.e. measurement outcomes that arenot1-random. Although these occur with low (or even zero) probability, their very existence implies that the no-signaling principle used in proofs of randomness of outcomes of quantum-mechanical measurements (and of the safety of quantum cryptography) should be reinterpreted statistically, like the second law of thermodynamics. In three appendices I discuss the Born rule and its status in both single and repeated experiments, review the notion of 1-randomness (or algorithmic randomness) that in various guises was investigated by Kolmogorov and others and treat Bell’s (Physics 1:195–200, 1964) Theorem and the Free Will Theorem with their implications for randomness.
Ethnobotanical, historical and histological evaluation of Helleborus L. genetic resources used in veterinary and human ethnomedicine
Authors: Balázs Viktória Lilla , Filep Rita , Ambrus Tünde , Kocsis Marianna , Farkas Ágnes , Stranczinger Szilvia , Papp Nóra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe use of hellebore (Helleborus) species for medical purposes has a long-standing tradition. Our work aimed at providing a historical survey of their medicinal application in Europe, and data on current ethnobotanical use ofH. purpurascensWaldst. et Kit. in Transylvania (Romania), compared with earlier records of this region and other European countries. While the chemistry and pharmacology of hellebores have been researched extensively, little is known about their anatomical traits. Thus, we intended to provide a detailed histological analysis ofHelleborus odorusWaldst. et Kit.,H. purpurascens, andH. nigerL., based on transverse sections of aerial parts and root. Our survey revealed thatH. purpurascensis known for immunotherapy, wounds, and as antiemetic drug in ethnoveterinary medicine, but not in human therapy in the study area. Distinctive histological characters included diverse stele structure in the root; sclerenchymatous bundle caps around compound vascular bundles in the stem and the main leaf veins ofH. odorus; and amphistomatic leaves inH. purpurascens. Quantitative vegetative traits also revealed significant differences among species, but they may reflect environmental influences, too. In all three species the sepal was hypostomatic with mesomorphic stomata, while the modified petal comprised a proximal nectar-producing and a distal non-secretory part. Distinctive floral traits included shape of modified petal, presence of papillae and thickness of non-secretory part; as well as ornamentation of tricolpate pollen grains. Our findings suggest that the anatomy of various plant parts varies slightly with each species, including ethnomedicinally knownH. purpurascens, even though the basic structure is the same within the genus.
Comparison of 27-gauge versus 25-gauge vitrectomy results in patients with epiretinal membrane: 6-month follow-up
Authors: Lubiński Wojciech , Gosławski Wojciech , Podborączyńska–Jodko Karolina , Mularczyk Maciej , Post Michał 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the 27G versus 25G vitrectomy in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM).

Patients and methods
Sixty pseudophakic eyes of 60 consecutive patients treated by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) using 27G (30 eyes) or 25G (30 eyes) were prospectively evaluated including eye’s inflammation, surgery time, ERM + ILM removal time and complications. Additionally, 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 90 and 180 days after PPV, the following were estimated: intraocular pressure (IOP), sclerotomy wound closure time, distance best corrected visual acuity (DBCVA), foveal macular thickness (FMT) and surgically induced astigmatism (SIA).

Results
The eye’s inflammation resolved within 30 days after surgery in both groups. The surgery and ERM + ILM times were longer in the 27G group (p ≤ 0.02). The most common postoperative complication was hypotony in both groups, more common in 25G group (23.3% vs. 10% of eyes). In 27G group, the mean IOP prior to 180 days postoperatively was higher (p < 0.05) and the sclerotomy wound closure time was shorter (p < 0.001). Mean DBCVA values (7, 14, 30 days after surgery) were significantly better in 27G group (p < 0.001). The mean FMT values were similarly and significantly reduced in both groups 1 day postoperatively (p < 0.05) as compared to preoperative values and then stabilized during follow-up. Mean SIA was lower in 27G group 30, 90 and 180 days after surgery (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The use of 27G PPV in patients with ERM significantly reduced sclerotomy wound closure time and surgically induced astigmatism, better stabilized intraocular pressure and allowed to achieve faster visual acuity improvement, as compared to 25G PPV.
Simultaneous extraction and fractionation of lipids from the microalga Nannochloropsis sp. for the production of EPA-rich polar lipid concentrates
Authors: Jiménez Callejón María J. , Robles Medina Alfonso , González Moreno Pedro A. , Esteban Cerdán Luis , Orta Guillén Sandra , Molina Grima Emilio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is broad scientific evidence on the health benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n3). On the other hand, polar lipids (phospholipids, PLs, and glycolipids, GLs) are excellent emulsifying agents, making them useful both as food products and as excipients for drugs and cosmetics. The bioavailability of n-3 PUFAs in the form of PLs is greater than that of ethyl esters and triacylglycerols. This work has developed an easy method for the simultaneous extraction and fractionation of saponifiable lipids (SLs) from the microalga Nannochloropsis sp., using low-toxicity solvents. Firstly, a lipidic fraction very rich in neutral saponifiable lipids (NSLs) was obtained using hexane. Next, an EPA and polar lipids (PLs and GLs)-enriched fraction was obtained using ethanol (96%). Under optimal conditions, in the first extraction with hexane, an SL extract with 86.3% NSLs was obtained; this extract contained 88.9% of the biomass NSLs. Subsequently, in the second extraction step with ethanol (96%), an SL extract with 87.1% polar lipids and up to 35.2% EPA was obtained. This SL extract contained 87.1% of the polar lipids and 74.7% of the EPA from the Nannochloropsis sp. biomass.
Septins, a cytoskeletal protein family, with emerging role in striated muscle
Authors: Gönczi Mónika , Dienes Beatrix , Dobrosi Nóra , Fodor János , Balogh Norbert , Oláh Tamás , Csernoch László 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAppropriate organization of cytoskeletal components are required for normal distribution and intracellular localization of different ion channels and proteins involved in calcium homeostasis, signal transduction, and contractile function of striated muscle. Proteins of the contractile system are in direct or indirect connection with the extrasarcomeric cytoskeleton. A number of other molecules which have essential role in regulating stretch-, voltage-, and chemical signal transduction from the surface into the cytoplasm or other intracellular compartments are already well characterized. Sarcomere, the basic contractile unit, is comprised of a precisely organized system of thin (actin), and thick (myosin) filaments. Intermediate filaments connect the sarcomeres and other organelles (mitochondria and nucleus), and are responsible for the cellular integrity. Interacting proteins have a very diverse function in coupling of the intracellular assembly components and regulating the normal physiological function. Despite the more and more intense investigations of a new cytoskeletal protein family, the septins, only limited information is available regarding their expression and role in striated, especially in skeletal muscles. In this review we collected basic and specified knowledge regarding this protein group and emphasize the importance of this emerging field in skeletal muscle biology.
The Yen Exchange Rate and the Hollowing Out of the Japanese Industry
Authors: Belke Ansgar , Volz Ulrich 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSince the demise of the Bretton Woods system, the yen has seen several episodes of strong appreciation, including in the late 1970s, after the 1985 Plaza Agreement, the early and late 1990s and after 2008. These appreciations have not only been associated with “expensive yen recessions” resulting from negative effects on exports; since the late 1980s, the strong yen has also raised concerns about a de-industrialisation of the Japanese economy. Against this backdrop, the article investigates the effects of changes to the yen exchange rate on the hollowing out of the Japanese industrial sector. To this end, the article uses both aggregate and industry-specific data to gauge the effects of yen fluctuations on the output and exports of different Japanese industries, exploiting new data for industry-specific real effective exchange rates. Our findings support the view that the periods of yen appreciation had more than just transitory effects on Japanese manufacturing. The results also provide indication of hysteresis effects on manufacturing. While there are certainly also other factors that have contributed to a hollowing out of Japanese industry, a strong yen played a role, too.
Extreme Pessimists? Expected Socioeconomic Downward Mobility and the Political Attitudes of Young Adults
Authors: Mitrea Elena Cristina , Mühlböck Monika , Warmuth Julia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn recent decades, and especially since the economic crisis, young people have been finding it more difficult to maintain or exceed the living standards of their parents. As a result, they increasingly expect socioeconomic downward mobility. We study the influence of such a pessimistic view on political attitudes, assuming that it is not so much young adults’ current economic status, but rather their anxiety concerning a prospective socioeconomic decline that affects their ideological positions. Drawing on data from a survey among young adults aged 18–35 in eleven European countries, we explore to what extent expected intergenerational downward mobility correlates with right-wing and left-wing self-placement. We find that young adults who expect to do worse than their parents in the future are indeed more likely to locate themselves at the extreme ends of the ideological scale.
Inpatient and outpatient treatment patterns of cancer-associated thrombosis in the United States
Authors: Guo J. D. , Hlavacek P. , Poretta T. , Wygant G. , Lane D. , Gorritz M. , Wang X. , Chen C. C. , Wade R. L. , Pan X. , Rajpura J. , Stwalley B. , Rosenblatt L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLow molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are among the recommended treatment options for cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) in the 2019 National Comprehensive Care Network guidelines. Little is known about the current utilization of DOACs in CAT patients, particularly on the inpatient to outpatient therapy transition. This study assessed real-world treatment patterns of CAT in hospital/ED in adult cancer patients (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with CAT during a hospital visit in IQVIA’s Hospital Charge Data Master database between July 1, 2015 and April 30, 2018, and followed their outpatient medical and pharmacy claims to evaluate the initial inpatient/ED and outpatient anticoagulants received within 3 months post-discharge. Results showed that LMWH and unfractionated heparin (UFH) were the most common initial inpatient/ED CAT treatments (35.2% and 27.4%, respectively), followed by DOACs (9.6%); 20.8% of patients received no anticoagulants. Most DOAC patients remained on DOACs from inpatient/ED to outpatient settings (71.4%), while 24.1%, 43.5%, and 0.1% of patients treated with LMWH, warfarin, or UFH respectively, remained on the same therapy after discharge. In addition, DOACs were the most common initial post-discharge outpatient therapy. Outpatient treatment persistence and adherence appeared higher in patients using DOACs or warfarin versus LMWH or UFH. This study shows that DOACs are used as an inpatient/ED treatment option for CAT, and are associated with less post-discharge treatment switching and higher persistence and adherence. Further research generating real-world evidence on the role of DOACs to help inform the complex CAT clinical treatment decisions is warranted.