bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new species of Odontostilbe cope (Characiformes: Cheirodontinae) from rio Madeira basin diagnosed based on morphological and molecular data
Authors: Chuctaya Junior , Ohara Willian M. , Malabarba Luiz R. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTA new species of Odontostilbe is described from the rio Jaciparaná, rio Madeira basin, Rondônia, Brazil. Odontostilbe pacaasnovos differs from all its congeners, except O. pequira, by the colour pattern. Additionally, it differs from its congeners by the terminal mouth, number of cusps in the teeth of the premaxilla (5–7), number of branched rays in the anal fin (19–22), by the shape of dentary teeth (5–7 cusps with central cusp larger and longer than laterals cusps) and by the number of lamellae of the olfactory rosette (17–18 in male and 14 in female). Morphological and molecular comparisons corroborate the distinctiveness between O. pacaasnovos and its congeners, justifying its recognition as a new species.
First insights into the vertical habitat use of the whitespotted eagle ray Aetobatus narinari revealed by pop‐up satellite archival tags
Authors: Brewster Lauran R. , Cahill Brianna V. , Burton Miranda N. , Dougan Cassady , Herr Jeffrey S. , Norton Laura Issac , McGuire Samantha A. , Pico Marisa , Urban‐Gedamke Elizabeth , Bassos‐Hull Kim , Tyminski John P. , Hueter Robert E. , Wetherbee Bradley M. , Shivji Mahmood , Burnie Neil , Ajemian Matthew J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe whitespotted eagle ray Aetobatus narinari is a tropical to warm‐temperate benthopelagic batoid that ranges widely throughout the western Atlantic Ocean. Despite conservation concerns for the species, its vertical habitat use and diving behaviour remain unknown. Patterns and drivers in the depth distribution of A. narinari were investigated at two separate locations, the western North Atlantic (Islands of Bermuda) and the eastern Gulf of Mexico (Sarasota, Florida, U.S.A.). Between 2010 and 2014, seven pop‐up satellite archival tags were attached to A. narinari using three methods: a through‐tail suture, an external tail‐band and through‐wing attachment. Retention time ranged from 0 to 180 days, with tags attached via the through‐tail method retained longest. Tagged rays spent the majority of time (82.85 ± 12.17% S.D.) within the upper 10 m of the water column and, with one exception, no rays travelled deeper than ~26 m. One Bermuda ray recorded a maximum depth of 50.5 m, suggesting that these animals make excursions off the fore‐reef slope of the Bermuda Platform. Individuals occupied deeper depths (7.42 ± 3.99 m S.D.) during the day versus night (4.90 ± 2.89 m S.D.), which may be explained by foraging and/or predator avoidance. Each individual experienced a significant difference in depth and temperature distributions over the diel cycle. There was evidence that mean hourly depth was best described by location and individual variation using a generalized additive mixed model approach. This is the first study to compare depth distributions of A. narinari from different locations and describe the thermal habitat for this species. Our study highlights the importance of region in describing A. narinari depth use, which may be relevant when developing management plans, whilst demonstrating that diel patterns appear to hold across individuals.
Determination of rainbow trout quality parameters with Arduino microcontroller
Authors: Yavuzer Emre 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, the rainbow trout was stored under refrigeration conditions (3 ± 1°C) for 18 days. Changes in the resistance levels in head, meat and eyes, changes of color in the head and meat, changes of liquid levels in the skin and meat, and odor values in the head and the meat were measured with Arduino microcontroller card and recorded during the storing period. In order to perform a significant comparison with the data obtained via Ardunio, the total viable count, psychrotrophic count and Enterobacteriaceae count in the fish meat were identified on a daily basis during storage. The results of the study indicated that the resistance value on the meat decreased significantly as the storage period increased; and that the Arduino‐based color, odor and liquid level measurement sensors could be used effectively in identifying the food quality.
Health Forums and Twitter for Dementia Research: Opportunities and Considerations
Authors: Mehta Nishila , Zhu Lynn , Lam Kenneth , Stall Nathan M. , Savage Rachel , Read Stephanie H. , Wu Wei , Pop Paula , Faulkner Colin , Bronskill Susan E. , Rochon Paula A. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESSocial media platforms are promising sources for large quantities of participant‐driven research data and circumvent some common challenges when conducting dementia research. This study provides a summary of key considerations and recommendations about using these platforms as research tools for dementia.DESIGNMixed methods.SETTINGAlzheimerʼs Societyʼs online Dementia Talking Point forum from inception to April 17, 2018, and Twitter in February and March 2018.PARTICIPANTSAll users of Dementia Talking Point who posted in subforums labeled “I have dementia” and “I care for a person with dementia,” and Twitter users whose posts contained the keywords “dementia,” “Alzheimer,” or “Alzheimerʼs.”MEASUREMENTSWe quantified the average daily number of dementia‐related posts on each platform and number of words per post. Guided by a codebook, we conducted thematic content analysis of 5% of the 15,513 posts collected from Dementia Talking Point, and 10% of the 25,948 comprehensible posts from Twitter containing “dementia,” “Alzheimer,” or “Alzheimerʼs.” We also summarized research‐relevant characteristics inherent to platforms and posts.RESULTSOn average, Dementia Talking Point provided less than two new daily dementia‐related posts with 213.5 to 241.5 words, compared with 7,883 new daily Twitter posts with 14.5 words. Persons with dementia (PWDs) commonly shared dementia‐related concerns (75.7%), experiences (68.6%), and requests for, as well as offers of, information and support (44.3% and 38.6%, respectively). Caregivers commonly shared caregiving experience (67.0%) and requests for information and support (52.5%). Most common dementia‐related Twitter posts were derogatory use of the term dementia (14.5%), advocacy, fundraising, and awareness (11.6%), and research dissemination (8.0%). Recommendations about these platformsʼ unique technical and ethical considerations are outlined.CONCLUSIONSUnderstanding the priorities of PWDs and their caregivers remains important to understand how clinicians can best support them. This study will help clinicians and researcher to better leverage online health forums and Twitter for such dementia‐related information.
Polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy in adults with intellectual disability: a cross‐sectional total population study
Authors: McMahon M. , Hatton C. , Bowring D. L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdults with intellectual disability (ID) are prescribed high levels of medication, with polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy common. However, reported rates vary between studies, and there has been an over‐reliance on obtaining data from convenience samples. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of medication use and polypharmacy in a population‐level sample of adults with IDs. Factors associated with polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy are explored.MethodsWe used a total population sample of 217 adults with IDs known to services in Jersey (sampling frame n = 285). The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system was used to categorise medications that participants were currently taking on a regular basis. We examined associations of polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy with socio‐economic status, health and demographic variables using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsA total of 83.4% of participants were prescribed medication, with high doses common. Of the participants, 38.2% were exposed to polypharmacy while 23% of participants were exposed to psychotropic polypharmacy. After controlling for demographic, health and socio‐economic characteristics, polypharmacy was significantly associated with older age, increased severity of ID, living in a residential setting and having increased comorbidities. Psychotropic polypharmacy was associated with being male, being aged 50+ years and having had a psychiatric diagnosis over the life course. Being prescribed psychotropic drugs above the defined daily dose was not associated with having had a psychiatric diagnosis over the life course, suggesting the possibility of ‘off label’ prescribing.ConclusionsOur results indicate that medication use, in high doses, alongside polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy are highly prevalent in adults with ID. The exposure to multiple medications increases the risk of developing adverse drug events, drug–drug interactions and medication‐related problems. Future population‐level, prospective cohort studies should examine the prevalence of polypharmacy and psychotropic polypharmacy using standardised definitions and consider the potential impact of adverse drug events, drug–drug interactions and medication‐related problems in this population.
The Role of Oxytocin in Primary Cesarean Birth Among Low‐Risk Women
Authors: Clark Rebecca R. S. , Warren Nicole , Shermock Kenneth M. , Perrin Nancy , Lake Eileen , Sharps Phyllis W. 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionTo examine whether there is a threshold of oxytocin exposure at which the risk for primary cesarean increases among women who are nulliparous with a term, singleton, vertex fetus (NTSV) and how oxytocin interacts with other risk factors to contribute to this outcome.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of the Consortium on Safe Labor data set that used a retrospective cohort study design. Women who met the criteria for NTSV who were not admitted for a prelabor cesarean and for whom oxytocin data were available, were included in the sample. Robust logistic regression was used to examine the association of oxytocin exposure with primary cesarean birth, while controlling for demographic and clinical risk factors and clustering by provider.ResultsThe sample comprised 17,331 women who were exposed to oxytocin during labor. The women were predominantly white non‐Hispanic (59.2%) with an average (SD) gestational age of 39.4 (1.1) weeks and an 18.5% primary cesarean rate. Exposure to greater than 11,400‐milliunits (mU) of oxytocin resulted in 1.6 times increased odds of primary cesarean birth compared with less than 11,400 mU (95% CI 1.01‐2.6).DiscussionExposure to greater than 11,400 mU of oxytocin in labor was associated with an increased odds of primary cesarean birth in NTSV women.
Overexpression of VEGF165 is associated with poor prognosis of cervical cancer
Authors: Patel Kinjal A. , Patel Bijal M. , Thobias Ashi R. , Gokani Riddhi A. , Chhikara Archana Bharti , Desai Ava D. , Patel Prabhudas S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCervical cancer is a major health hazard to Indian women. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an established risk factor for cervical carcinogenesis. However, understanding the cervical cancer biology beyond HPV infection is very crucial to predict aggressive behavior, prognosis, treatment response and survival. In the present study, we explored the role of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) isoforms, VEGFC and VEGFD in cervical cancer progression and its association with HPV 16 and 18 infections.Material and MethodsA total of 110 cervical cancer tissues and 50 normal cervical tissues were collected for the study. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was employed to analyze tissue VEGFA isoforms, VEGFC and VEGFD expression.ResultsVEGF165 was significantly higher, whereas VEGFC and VEGFD were significantly lower in malignant cervical carcinoma tissues as compared to normal cervix tissues. Expression levels of VEGF121 and VEGFC were significantly associated with type of tumor growth while VEGF165 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. VEGF165 transcript levels were significantly higher in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and developed recurrence. Most strikingly, higher VEGF165 expression was significantly associated with worst disease‐free survival (DFS) specifically in patients with SCC.ConclusionAssociation of VEGF165 with lymph node metastasis, disease recurrence and worst DFS indicated that VEGF165 is an important prognostic factor in cervical carcinogenesis.
A tool to help the panel leader to best monitor a sensory panel performance
Authors: Tabary Celine , Miège Michael , Brémaud Damien , Carvalho Luiza , Vincenzi Francesca 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe performance of a sensory panel is key to deliver a sensory profile with good quality. The International Organization for Standardization Sensory analysis—Methodology—Guidelines for monitoring the performance of a quantitative sensory panel define some guidelines to monitor performances with definitions and means to analyze some quality criteria. As a worldwide cosmetic company, our group has many trained panels for cosmetic categories around the world, needing to make these guidelines more precise to help panel leaders with a complementary tool to monitor trained panels and to follow the same quality standard. This tool is composed of definitions of quality criteria adapted to cosmetic specificities, statistical analysis, index, and thresholds to be used for these criteria adapted to a new and existing panel. It is composed also of precise guidelines to panel performance and an action plan to improve or maintain the quality level. These guidelines allowed to validate the performance of 15 among 16 panels in 2017 and to support panel leader to build its' training plan. After 4 years of use, these guidelines will be updated: thresholds will be reviewed and adapted to use of scale and reproducibility will be studied.Practical applicationThis tool is to be used by the sensory panel leader (on all product categories) to support them analyzing, in a simple and clear way, the robustness of each sensory panel, using the four defined KPIs (discriminating attributes and assessors, homogeneous or repeatable attributes). This tool makes possible to have a quick, standardized, and complete performance feedback and quickly compare the different panel categories globally.
Healthcare professionals’ knowledge, perception and practice towards COVID-19: A cross-sectional web-survey
Authors: Aladul Mohammed I , Kh. Al-Qazaz Harith , Allela Omer Q B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) are increasingly facing suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19. To evaluate Iraqi HCPs (physicians, dentists and pharmacists) knowledge, perception and practice towards COVID-19.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional, anonymised web-survey, using an electronic application (Surveyheart®). The web-survey link was posted via the closed groups of physicians, dentists and pharmacists in Iraq on Facebook and Twitter. The questionnaire was self-administered and data was collected between, 10th–25th of March 2020.

Key findings
Three hundred seventy two HCPs participated in the study. The majority of Iraqi HCPs have a good knowledge about the origin, incubation period, the mode of transmission, the common signs and symptoms and the groups of patients who were at higher risk of COVID-19. HCPs identified internet, social media as the main source of information about the disease. The lowest rate of correct answers was found in items related to the virus which is responsible for the development of COVID-19 disease (44.6%) and the types of face mask that protect against COVID-19 (40.6%). Physicians were found to have higher score of knowledge compared to dentists and pharmacists. Iraqi HCPs requested more strict preventive measure to be applied to prevent the spread of the disease. Iraqi HCPs expressed their inclination to use the international guidelines to treat confirmed cases.

Conclusions
Iraqi HCPs have an overall good knowledge towards COVID-19. More information should be published from reputable and authentic sources to HCPs. The Ministry of Health in Iraq could take its responsibility to inform the health providers with updated and confirmed information about COVID-19 prevention and management.
COVID‐19 Death Rates Are Higher in Rural Counties With Larger Shares of Blacks and Hispanics
Authors: Cheng Kent Jason G. , Sun Yue , Monnat Shannon M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study compared the average daily increase in COVID‐19 mortality rates by county racial/ethnic composition (percent non‐Hispanic Black and percent Hispanic) among US rural counties.MethodsCOVID‐19 daily death counts for 1,976 US nonmetropolitan counties for the period March 2‐July 26, 2020, were extracted from USAFacts and merged with county‐level American Community Survey and Area Health Resource File data. Covariates included county percent poverty, age composition, adjacency to a metropolitan county, health care supply, and state fixed effects. Mixed‐effects negative binomial regression with random intercepts to account for repeated observations within counties were used to predict differences in the average daily increase in the COVID‐19 mortality rate across quartiles of percent Black and percent Hispanic.FindingsSince early March, the average daily increase in the COVID‐19 mortality rate has been significantly higher in rural counties with the highest percent Black and percent Hispanic populations. Compared to counties in the bottom quartile, counties in the top quartile of percent Black have an average daily increase that is 70% higher (IRR = 1.70, CI: 1.48‐1.95, P < .001), and counties in the top quartile of percent Hispanic have an average daily increase that is 50% higher (IRR = 1.50, CI: 1.33‐1.69, P < .001), net of covariates.ConclusionCOVID‐19 mortality risk is not distributed equally across the rural United States, and the COVID‐19 race penalty is not restricted to cities. Among rural counties, the average daily increase in COVID‐19 mortality rates has been significantly higher in counties with the largest shares of Black and Hispanic residents.
Origins of cultivars of Chrysanthemum—Evidence from the chloroplast genome and nuclear LFY gene
Authors: Ma Yue‐Ping , Zhao Liang , Zhang Wen‐Jie , Zhang Ying‐Hua , Xing Xia , Duan Xia‐Xia , Hu Jing , Harris AJ , Liu Pei‐Liang , Dai Si‐Lan , Wen Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe origins of cultivated chrysanthemums have attracted considerable attention, but they remain poorly known. Here, we reconstructed the phylogeny of representative well‐known cultivars and wild species of the genus Chrysanthemum using chloroplast genomes and the nuclear LEAFY gene. Our results suggest that geographic and ecological factors may determine the opportunities for wild species to be involved in the origin of the cultivars. The wild species C. indicum, C. zawadskii, C. dichrum, C. nankingense, C. argyrophyllum, and C. vestitum were likely directly or indirectly involved as paternal species of most of the chrysanthemum cultivars examined in this study. Yet, the maternal species is supported to be a lineage of an extinct wild Chrysanthemum species and its subsequent cultivars, as all accessions of chrysanthemum cultivars sampled formed a strongly supported clade, distinct from all other species of Chrysanthemum in the plastome tree. Thus, the cultivated chrysanthemums originated from multiple hybridizations involving several paternal species rather than only two or a few wild species, with an extinct species and its subsequent cultivars serving as the maternal parents. This finding is consistent with Chrysanthemum having high rates of hybridization and gene flow, which has been demonstrated within previous studies; nevertheless, it is important to unravel the role of an extinct wild Chrysanthemum species as the ultimate maternal parent species for all the chrysanthemum cultivars. Our results also suggest that C. vestitum from Tianzhu and Funiu Mountains in Anhui and Henan Provinces of China represent two distinct cryptic species.
Ancestral gene duplications in mosses characterized by integrated phylogenomic analyses
Authors: Gao Bei , Chen Mo‐Xian , Li Xiao‐Shuang , Liang Yu‐Qing , Zhang Dao‐Yuan , Wood Andrew J. , Oliver Melvin J. , Zhang Jian‐Hua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMosses (Bryophyta) are a key group occupying an important phylogenetic position in land plant (embryophyte) evolution. The class Bryopsida represents the most diversified lineage, containing more than 95% of modern mosses, whereas other classes are species‐poor. Two branches with large numbers of gene duplications were elucidated by phylogenomic analyses, one in the ancestry of all mosses and another before the separation of the Bryopsida, Polytrichopsida, and Tetraphidopsida. The analysis of the phylogenetic progression of duplicated paralogs retained on genomic syntenic regions in the Physcomitrella patens genome confirmed that the whole‐genome duplication events WGD1 and WGD2 were re‐recognized as the ψ event and the Funarioideae duplication event, respectively. The ψ polyploidy event was tightly associated with the early diversification of Bryopsida, in the ancestor of Bryidae, Dicranidae, Timmiidae, and Funariidae. Together, four branches with large numbers of gene duplications were unveiled in the evolutionary past of P. patens. Gene retention patterns following the four large‐scale duplications in different moss lineages were analyzed and discussed. Recurrent significant retention of stress‐related genes may have contributed to their adaption to distinct ecological environments and the evolutionary success of this early‐diverging land plant lineage.
Pregnant women do not display impaired memory formation across one night of sleep
Authors: Zinke Katharina , Lehnert Vanessa , Fritsche Andreas , Preissl Hubert , Hallschmid Manfred 
Published: September 2020

AbstractForgetfulness is a common complaint of pregnant women, who also often report impaired nocturnal sleep. Considering sleep's well‐known beneficial role in consolidating newly encoded memory content, we hypothesized that pregnant women would display detrimental changes in objective sleep measures and associated memory deficits. We compared the consolidation of declarative as well as procedural memory across sleep in 21 healthy, third‐trimester pregnant women versus 20 matched non‐pregnant controls. Subjects encoded and were tested on visuospatial and procedural memory tasks before and after, respectively, a night of sleep spent at home. The emergence of gist‐based memories was tested with the Deese‐Roediger‐McDermott (DRM) paradigm. Sleep was polysomnographically recorded and subjective sleep quality was assessed with questionnaires. Although pregnant in comparison to non‐pregnant women reported markedly impaired subjective sleep quality and efficiency, quantitative changes were limited to increases in wakefulness after sleep onset and reductions in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Retention of newly learned memory contents, which is believed to reflect sleep‐associated memory consolidation, was comparable between groups, as was the formation of gist‐based memories. The findings indicate that subjective deteriorations in sleep quality experienced by pregnant women are not necessarily linked to objective impairments. They raise the possibility that sufficient slow wave sleep towards the end of pregnancy allows for normal sleep‐related memory consolidation. Although these results were obtained in a small number of pregnant women in very good health and should be corroborated in larger samples, they challenge the assumption of poor sleep and impaired memory as hallmarks of the “pregnancy brain”.