bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education differentially contributes to cognitive reserve across racial/ethnic groups
Authors: Avila Justina F. , Rentería Miguel Arce , Jones Richard N. , Vonk Jet M. J. , Turney Indira , Sol Ketlyne , Seblova Dominika , Arias Franchesca , Hill‐Jarrett Tanisha , Levy Shellie‐Anne , Meyer Oanh , Racine Annie M. , Tom Sarah E. , Melrose Rebecca J. , Deters Kacie , Medina Luis D. , Carrión Carmen I. , Díaz‐Santos Mirella , Byrd DeAnnah R. , Chesebro Anthony , Colon Juliet , Igwe Kay C. , Maas Benjamin , Brickman Adam M. , Schupf Nicole , Mayeux Richard , Manly Jennifer J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe examined whether educational attainment differentially contributes to cognitive reserve (CR) across race/ethnicity.MethodsA total of 1553 non‐Hispanic Whites (Whites), non‐Hispanic Blacks (Blacks), and Hispanics in the Washington Heights‐Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) completed structural magnetic resonance imaging. Mixture growth curve modeling was used to examine whether the effect of brain integrity indicators (hippocampal volume, cortical thickness, and white matter hyperintensity [WMH] volumes) on memory and language trajectories was modified by education across racial/ethnic groups.ResultsHigher educational attainment attenuated the negative impact of WMH burden on memory (β = −0.03; 99% CI: −0.071, −0.002) and language decline (β = −0.024; 99% CI:− 0.044, −0.004), as well as the impact of cortical thinning on level of language performance for Whites, but not for Blacks or Hispanics.DiscussionEducational attainment does not contribute to CR similarly across racial/ethnic groups.
Implantable Cardiac Monitoring in the Secondary Prevention of Cryptogenic Stroke
Authors: Triantafyllou Sokratis , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Dilaveris Polychronis , Giannopoulos Georgios , Kossyvakis Charalampos , Adreanides Elias , Liantinioti Chrissoula , Tympas Konstantinos , Zompola Christina , Theodorou Aikaterini , Palaiodimou Lina , Flevari Panagiota , Kosmidou Maria , Voumvourakis Konstantinos , Parissis John , Deftereos Spyridon , Tsivgoulis Georgios 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveIn this study, we sought to evaluate the impact of implantable cardiac monitoring (ICM) in the prevention of stroke recurrence after a cryptogenic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).MethodsWe evaluated consecutive patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke or TIA admitted in a comprehensive stroke center during an 8‐year period. We compared the baseline characteristics and outcomes between patients receiving conventional cardiac monitoring with repeated 24‐hour Holter‐monitoring during the first 5 years in the outpatient setting and those receiving continuous cardiac monitoring with ICM during the last 3 years. Associations on the outcomes of interest were further assessed in multivariable regression models adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsWe identified a total of 373 patients receiving conventional cardiac monitoring and 123 patients receiving ICM. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) detection was higher in the ICM cohort compared to the conventional cardiac monitoring cohort (21.1% vs 7.5%, p < 0.001). ICM was independently associated with an increased likelihood of PAF detection during follow‐up (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16–3.24) in multivariable analyses. Patients receiving ICM were also found to have significantly higher rates of anticoagulation initiation (18.7% vs 6.4%, p < 0.001) and lower risk of stroke recurrence (4.1% vs 11.8%, p = 0.013). ICM was independently associated with a lower risk of stroke recurrence during follow‐up (HR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.11–0.90) in multivariable analyses.InterpretationICM appears to be independently associated with a higher likelihood of PAF detection and anticoagulation initiation after a cryptogenic ischemic stroke or TIA. ICM was also independently related to lower risk of stroke recurrence in our cryptogenic stroke / TIA cohort. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:946–955
Deep Brain Stimulation for Chronic Cluster Headache: Meta‐Analysis of Individual Patient Data
Authors: Nowacki Andreas , Schober Martin , Nader Lydia , Saryyeva Assel , Nguyen Thuy‐Anh Khoa , Green Alexander L. , Pollo Claudio , Krauss Joachim K. , Fontaine Denys , Aziz Tipu Z. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a treatment option for refractory chronic cluster headache (CCH). Despite several recent prospective case series reporting a good outcome, the effectiveness and the optimal stimulation target of DBS for CCH remain unclear. We aimed to obtain precise estimates and predictors of long‐term pain relief in an individual patient data meta‐analysis. Furthermore, we aimed to construct a probabilistic stimulation map of effective DBS.MethodsWe invited investigators of published cohorts of patients undergoing DBS for CCH, identified by a systematic review of MEDLINE from inception to Febuary 15, 2019, to provide individual patient data on baseline covariates, pre‐ and postoperative headache scores at median (12‐month) and long‐term follow‐up, in addition to individual imaging data to obtain individual electrode positions. We calculated a stimulation map using voxel‐wise statistical analysis. We used multiple regression analysis to estimate predictors of pain relief.ResultsAmong 40 patients from four different cohorts representing ~50% of all previously published cases, we found a significant 77% mean reduction in headache attack frequency over a mean follow‐up of 44 months, with an overall response rate of 75%. Positive outcome was not associated with baseline covariates. We identified 2 hotspots of stimulation covering the midbrain ventral and retrorubral tegmentum.InterpretationThis study supports the hypothesis that DBS provides long‐term pain relief for the majority of CCH patients. Our stimulation map of the region of influence of therapeutic DBS identified an optimal anatomical target site that can help surgeons to guide their surgical planning in the future. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:956–969
Direct Intermediate Regulation Enabled by Sulfur Containers in Working Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Xie Jin , Song Yun‐Wei , Li Bo‐Quan , Peng Hong‐Jie , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPolysulfide intermediates (PSs), the liquid‐phase species of active materials in lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries, connect the electrochemical reactions between insulative solid sulfur and lithium sulfide and are key to full exertion of the high‐energy‐density Li‐S system. Herein, the concept of sulfur container additives is proposed for the direct modification on the PSs species. By reversible storage and release of the sulfur species, the container molecule converts small PSs into large organosulfur species. The prototype di(tri)sulfide‐polyethylene glycol sulfur container is highly efficient in the reversible PS transformation to multiply affect electrochemical behaviors of sulfur cathodes in terms of liquid‐species clustering, reaction kinetics, and solid deposition. The stability and capacity of Li‐S cells was thereby enhanced. The sulfur container is a strategy to directly modify PSs, enlightening the precise regulation on Li‐S batteries and multi‐phase electrochemical systems.
Efficient Encounter Complex Formation and Electron Transfer to Cytochrome c Peroxidase with an Additional, Distant Electrostatic Binding Site
Authors: Di Savino Antonella , Foerster Johannes M. , La Haye Thijmen , Blok Anneloes , Timmer Monika , Ullmann G. Matthias , Ubbink Marcellus 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElectrostatic interactions can strongly increase the efficiency of protein complex formation. The charge distribution in redox proteins is often optimized to steer a redox partner to the electron transfer active binding site. To test whether the optimized distribution is more important than the strength of the electrostatic interactions, an additional negative patch was introduced on the surface of cytochrome c peroxidase, away from the stereospecific binding site, and its effect on the encounter complex as well as the rate of complex formation was determined. Monte Carlo simulations and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement NMR experiments indicate that the partner, cytochrome c, interacts with the new patch. Unexpectedly, the rate of the active complex formation was not reduced, but rather slightly increased. The findings support the idea that for efficient protein complex formation the strength of the electrostatic interaction is more critical than an optimized charge distribution.
A Mechanochemical Reaction Cascade for Controlling Load‐Strengthening of a Mechanochromic Polymer
Authors: Pan Yifei , Zhang Huan , Xu Piaoxue , Tian Yancong , Wang Chenxu , Xiang Shishuai , Boulatov Roman , Weng Wengui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate an intermolecular reaction cascade to control the force which triggers crosslinking of a mechanochromic polymer of spirothiopyran (STP). Mechanochromism arises from rapid reversible force‐sensitive isomerization of STP to a merocyanine, which reacts rapidly with activated C=C bonds. The concentration of such bonds, and hence the crosslinking rate, is controlled by force‐dependent dissociation of a Diels–Alder adduct of anthracene and maleimide. Because the adduct requires ca. 1 nN higher force to dissociate at the same rate as that of STP isomerization, the cascade limits crosslinking to overstressed regions of the material, which are at the highest rate of material damage. Using comb polymers decreased the minimum concentration of mechanophores required to crosslinking by about 100‐fold compared to previous examples of load‐strengthening materials. The approach described has potential for controlling a broad range of reaction sequences triggered by mechanical load.
Rapid and quantitative determination of fentanyls and pharmaceuticals from powdered drug samples by paper spray mass spectrometry
Authors: Borden Scott A. , Saatchi Armin , Krogh Erik T. , Gill Chris G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPaper spray mass spectrometry is presented as a direct, quantitative tool for the measurement of pharmaceutical drugs and a variety of fentanyl analogs in solid samples and powder slurries with the ultimate goal of providing meaningful harm‐reduction drug checking. Method development and validation was carried out for fentanyl analog slurries as a proxy for street drug samples. Lower limits of quantitation were determined to be 3.6‐7.4 ng/g for fentanyl analogs in the pharmaceutical slurry matrix. Using 1 mg of solid sample, the method can quantify picogram quantities of these drugs, well below required thresholds for even the most potent fentanyl analogs. Quality control samples were prepared and used to assess method validity according to the Scientific Working Group for Forensic Toxicology (SWGTOX) guidelines. Performance metrics for both precision and accuracy were found to be within SWGTOX‐recommended guidelines. Additionally, pharmaceutical tablets were used to demonstrate the applicability of the developed paper spray methodology for the direct qualitative and quantitative analysis of active ingredients in pharmaceutical powders deposited directly onto the paper spray substrate. A proposed workflow for rapid solid drug sample measurements is presented with potential applications for point‐of‐use street drug measurements and other solid sample matrices.
Neural Evidence for Speech Processing Deficits During a Cocktail Party Scenario in Minimally and Low Verbal Adolescents and Young Adults with Autism
Authors: Schwartz Sophie , Wang Le , Shinn‐Cunningham Barbara G. , Tager‐Flusberg Helen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs demonstrated by the Cocktail Party Effect, a person's attention is grabbed when they hear their name in a multispeaker setting. However, individuals with autism (ASD) are commonly challenged in multispeaker settings and often do not respond to salient speech, including one's own name (OON). It is unknown whether neural responses during this Cocktail Party scenario differ in those with ASD and whether such differences are associated with expressive language or auditory filtering abilities. We measured neural responses to hearing OON in quiet and multispeaker settings using electroencephalography in 20 minimally or low verbal ASD (ASD‐MLV), 27 verbally fluent ASD (ASD‐V), and 27 neurotypical (TD) participants, ages 13–22. First, we determined whether TD's neural responses to OON relative to other names could be quantified with early frontal mismatch responses (MMRs) and late, slow shift parietal and frontal responses (LPPs/FNs). Second, we compared the strength of MMRs and LPPs/FNs across the three groups. Third, we tested whether participants with poorer auditory filtering abilities exhibited particularly weak neural responses to OON heard in a multispeaker setting. Our primary finding was that TDs and ASD‐Vs, but not ASD‐MLVs, had significant MMRs to OON in a multispeaker setting, and strength of LPPs positively correlated with auditory filtering abilities in those with ASD. These findings reveal electrophysiological correlates of auditory filtering disruption within a clinical population that has severe language and communication impairments and offer a novel neuroimaging approach to studying the Cocktail Party effect in neurotypical and clinical populations. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1828‐1842. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.Lay SummaryWe found that minimally and low verbal adolescents and young adults with autism exhibit decreased neural responses to one's own name when heard in a multispeaker setting. In addition, decreased strength of neural responses in those with autism correlated with decreased auditory filtering abilities. We propose that these neural deficits may reflect the ineffective processing of salient speech in noisy settings and contribute to language and communication deficits observed in autism.
Current status of targeted microbubbles in diagnostic molecular imaging of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Jugniot Natacha , Bam Rakesh , Meuillet Emmanuelle J. , Unger Evan C. , Paulmurugan Ramasamy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often associated with a poor prognosis due to silent onset, resistance to therapies, and rapid spreading. Most patients are ineligible for curable surgery as they present with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Present diagnostic methods relying on anatomical changes have various limitations including difficulty to discriminate between benign and malignant conditions, invasiveness, the ambiguity of imaging results, or the inability to detect molecular biomarkers of PDAC initiation and progression. Therefore, new imaging technologies with high sensitivity and specificity are critically needed for accurately detecting PDAC and noninvasively characterizing molecular features driving its pathogenesis. Contrast enhanced targeted ultrasound (CETUS) is an upcoming molecular imaging modality that specifically addresses these issues. Unlike anatomical imaging modalities such as CT and MRI, molecular imaging using CETUS is promising for early and accurate detection of PDAC. The use of molecularly targeted microbubbles that bind to neovascular targets can enhance the ultrasound signal specifically from malignant PDAC tissues. This review discusses the current state of diagnostic imaging modalities for pancreatic cancer and places a special focus on ultrasound targeted‐microbubble technology together with its clinical translatability for PDAC detection.
Covalently Mercurated Molecular Beacon for Discriminating the Canonical Nucleobases
Authors: Aro‐Heinilä Asmo , Lönnberg Tuomas , Virta Pasi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA highly nucleobase‐discriminating metalated nucleoside analogue, 3‐fluoro‐2‐mercuri‐6‐methylaniline, was incorporated into an oligonucleotide molecular beacon. Fluorescence emission spectra were measured after the addition of four different complementary strands, in which the nucleobase opposite the metalated analogue varies. The fluorescence results showed a clear binding selectivity at room temperature, in the order G>T>C>A. The selectivity is based on the different affinities between the metalated nucleoside analogue and the canonical nucleobases. The synthesized probe is capable of robust discrimination between the two purine as well as the two pyrimidine bases by fluorescence at room temperature, and more sophisticated temperature analysis allows clear separation of every canonical nucleobase. The probe would, hence, be a suitable method for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms.
Co‐cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells repair thioacetamide‐induced hepatocyte damage
Authors: Chen Hung‐Chiuan , Awale Suresh , Wu Chean‐Ping , Lee Hu‐Hui , Wu Hsi‐Tien 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdult stem cells, such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), are postdevelopmental cells found in many bone tissues. They are capable of multipotent differentiation and have low immune‐rejection characteristics. Hepatocytes may become inflamed and produce a large number of free radicals when affected by drugs, poisoning, or a viral infection. The excessive accumulation of free radicals in the extracellular matrix (ECM) eventually leads to liver fibrosis. This study aims to investigate the restorative effects of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) on thioacetamide (TAA)‐induced damage in hepatocytes. An in vitro transwell co‐culture system of HepG2 cells were co‐cultured with mBMSCs. The effects of damage done to TAA‐treated HepG2 cells were reflected in the overall cell survival, the expression of antioxidants (SOD1, GPX1, andCAT), the ECM (COL1A1andMMP9), antiapoptosis characteristics (BCL2), and inflammation (TNF) genes. The majority of the damage done to HepG2 by TAA was significantly reduced when cells were co‐cultured with mBMSCs. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and its phosphorylated STAT3 (p‐STAT3), as related to cell growth and survival, were detected in this study. The results show that STAT3 was significantly decreased in the TAA‐treated HepG2 cells, but the STAT3 and p‐STAT3 of HepG2 cells were significantly activated when the TAA‐treated HepG2 co‐cultured with mBMSCs. Strong expression of interleukin (Il6) messenger RNA in co‐cultured mBMSCs/HepG2 indicated mBMSCs secret the cytokines IL‐6, which promotes cell survival through downstream STAT3 activation and aid in the recovery of HepG2 cells damaged by TAA.
Bilateral epididymal cyst with spontaneous resolution
Authors: Mukendi Alain Mwamba 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBilateral epididymal cysts are infrequent particularly in children. They commonly arise from the epididymal head. Cysts arising from the epididymal tails are very rare. Spontaneous resolution may occur with no need for surgical excision of cysts and can take up to 50 months.
Working diagrams to identify the operating range of a bubbling fluidized bed reactor for the CO2 methanation
Authors: Martin‐del‐Campo Jennifer , Kopyscinski Jan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFluidized bed reactors for the catalytic CO2 methanation is a promising concept within the power‐to‐gas (methane) process. Due to the intermittency of renewable electricity generation and thus hydrogen production, the subsequent methanation reactor should also be able to operate at lower feed flow rates, while maintaining fluidized bed conditions. Bubbling fluidized bed reactors offer the required flexibility as shown with the new type of working diagrams. These working diagrams visualize a decision window for (a) determining the reactor diameter and (b) operating the fluidized bed reactor with a turndown ratio of 0.5‐1.1. Reducing the turndown ratio (ie, inlet flow rate) could lead to defluidization, thus increasing temperature or reducing the pressure are alternatives to maintain fluidization conditions. The former method is not desired, as a temperature increase would significantly reduce the CH4 yield due to thermodynamic constraints and therefore reduce the overall efficiency. An industrial CO2 methanation reactor, for example, that is designed for 10 bara (1 bara = 100 kPa) and 340°C with a total inlet flow rate of 5000 m3N · h−1 (H2/CO2 = 4) can be operated at a turndown ratio of 0.5 (2500 m3N · h−1) at the same temperature and the same u0/umf ratio by reducing the pressure to 5 bara with only a slight decrease in the CO2 equilibrium conversion from 96.7% to 94.6%.
Flocculating and dewatering of kaolin suspensions with different forms of poly(acrylamide‐co‐diallyl dimethylammonium chloride)
Authors: Afacan Christopher , Narain Ravin , Soares João B. P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecently, polymeric nanofibres have been considered for the rapid flocculation and dewatering of oil sands tailings. Apparently due to their fast initial interaction with the suspended fine particles, polymer nanofibres performed better than their parent water‐soluble polymer solutions. To further understand this mechanism, a model study was conducted using kaolin suspensions and poly(acrylamide‐co‐diallyl dimethylammonium chloride) nanofibres and powders. The initial settling rate, supernatant turbidity, water recovery, capillary suction time, and solids content were measured to determine the effect of using nanofibres on solid‐liquid separation. Nanofibres performed similarly to, or better than, equivalent polymer solutions in terms of initial settling rate and supernatant clarity at higher dosages and kaolin loadings. The kaolin studies showed that polymer nanofibres could absorb onto clay particles faster, and produce bigger flocs more rapidly, supposedly due to their high surface area to volume ratio. Our results indicate that polymer nanofibres, as well as polymer powders, may be successfully used to treat mature fine tailings produced from oil sands.
Discovery of a Histidine‐Based Scaffold as an Inhibitor of Gut Microbial Choline Trimethylamine‐Lyase
Authors: Gabr Moustafa , Świderek Katarzyna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnaerobic choline metabolism by human gut microbiota to produce trimethylamine (TMA) has recently evolved as a potential therapeutic target because of its association with chronic kidney disease and increased cardiovascular risks. Limited examples of choline analogues have been reported as inhibitors of bacterial enzyme choline TMA‐lyase (CutC), a key enzyme regulating choline anaerobic metabolism. We used a new workflow to discover CutC inhibitors based on focused screening of a diversified library of small molecules for intestinal metabolic stability followed by in vitro CutC inhibitory assay. This workflow identified a histidine‐based scaffold as a CutC inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.9±0.2 μM. Remarkably, the identified CutC inhibitor was able to reduce the production of TMA in whole‐cell assays using various bacterial strains as well as in complex gut microbiota environment. The improved efficiency of the new scaffold identified in this study in comparison to previously reported CutC inhibitors would enable optimization of potential leads for in vivo screening and clinical translation. Finally, docking studies and molecular‐dynamic simulations were used to predict putative interactions created between inhibitor and CutC.