bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture load of nano-ceramic composite material for anterior endocrown restorations
Authors: Alghalayini Salma , Ebeid Kamal Khaled , Aldahrab Ayman , Wahsh Marwa 
Published: January 2020

Objective: To evaluate ability of Nano Ceramic Composite endocrown to withstand occlusal forces when used in the anterior region. Material and Methods: Eighty endodontically treated maxillary central incisors teeth were randomly divided into two main groups according to the restoration type. 40 of these teeth were post, core and crown restorations and 40 were endocrown restorations. Then they were divided by halves into two subgroups according to the material used 20 were made with Lava Ultimate and the other 20 with IPS e.max. Each subgroup was then further subdivided into two divisions according to the remaining tooth structure above the CEJ (n=10): 2 mm and 0.5 mm above the CEJ. After teeth preparation, the restorations were all made by CAD/CAM system (Cerec MCXL). All samples had undergone cyclic fatigue testing, and then loaded to fracture using a universal testing machine. The specimens were measured and statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney test for comparing the mean changes between the groups. Results: Lava Ultimate showed higher mean fracture load values than IPS e.max specimens. Conclusion: Endocrowns were found to be more favorable when used on endodontically treated teeth than the conventional post, core and crown restorations.KEYWORDSEndocrowns; All-ceramic; Fracture; Cyclic loading.
Phenology and production of guava tree cv. “Paluma” pruned at different seasons in Mossoro – RN, Brazil.
Authors: Farias Wagner César , Câmara Francisco Mickael Medeiros , Pereira Eduardo Castro , Costa José Maria , Pereira Gustavo Alves , Mendonça Vander 
Published: January 2020

The pruning allows fruit harvest in different periods, according to the grower decision, being economically viable. The harvest can be scheduled according to the agronomical traits and due to the market price. The experiment was conducted in the didactic orchard of the Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region (UFERSA), from April 2013 to December 2014, in the municipality of Mossoro-RN. It was carried out in a randomized block design, with treatments arranged in a split-plot, which were composed by pruning periods, conducted in April (2013), November (2013) and July (2014). The subplots consisted of pruning intensities (short, medium and long); with four repetitions, where the experimental unit consisted of two plants that was pruned with 8 marked branches. From pruning to harvest, the the following botanical characteristics were evaluated in the marked branches: number of emitted sprouts by branches pruned at the day 15th (NBE); number of established branches by branches pruned at the day 50th (NRE); number of productive branches (NRP); vegetative number (VRN) and the total number of fruits (NFT). The evaluated characteristics presented a significant effect. The long pruning resulted in a higher number of fruits for all evaluated seasons. The best months for pruning was November and July. The guava tree ‘Paluma’ cycle, from pruning to harvest can vary according to the period of pruning, with 132 days in July and 150 days in April.
durando entre 132 em julho a 150 dias em abril.
Antiglycation and Antioxidant Activity from Methanol Extract and Fraction of Xylocarpus granatum Stem
Authors: Noviarni Intan , Batubara Irmanida , Putri Sastia Prama 
Published: January 2020

The objective of this research was to determine the antioxidant and antiglycation activity of methanol crude extract of Xylocarpus granatum stem and its fraction. The methanol crude extract was fractioned by liquid-liquid extraction to obtain three fractions, which were n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and methanol fraction. Antioxidant activity was performed using scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The antiaging activity was identified based on the ability to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The results of the study showed that methanol crude extract and all fractions had an antioxidant and antiglycation activity that significantly different from each other (P<0.05). The results show that the most active antiglycation and antioxidant activity was the methanol fraction with IC50 were 71.55 ppm and 8.52 ppm, respectively. The methanol fraction contained an alkaloid, flavonoid, phenolic, and triterpenoid compounds. Subsequent fractionation of the methanol fraction guided by bioassay showed that sub-fraction 1 had the best antiglycation and antioxidant activity. Based on the color of the chromatogram obtained at UV 366 nm, the chemical component contained in the most active fraction was the flavonoid group.
Społeczno-wychowawcza rola seniorów (dziadków) w rodzinie
Authors: Młyński Józef 
Published: January 2020

Artykuł podejmuje tematykę wychowawczej roli seniorów(dziadków) w rodzinie. Celem jest ukazanie konkretnie wychowawczej i socjalizacyjnej roli w obszarach: wychowanie w rodzinie, wychowanie kulturowe, wychowanie społeczne, wychowanie religijno-moralne oraz analiza ich kapitału intelektualnego racjonalizowanego, jako mądrość starca. Z analizy wynika, że role seniorów nadal mają ważny wpływ wychowawczy na dorastających wnuków. Dobre kontakty z dziadkami uczą nastolatków miłości i troski o drugiego człowieka, poznania historii rodziny, tradycji i wiary w domu. Wciąż są jeszcze strażnikami: pamięci zbiorowej, więzi rodzinnych, kronikarzami historii, mądrością wiary, moralności i dziedzictwa kulturowego. Zauważa się jednak, iż rady udzielane młodemu pokoleniu nie dla wszystkich stanowią uniwersalną receptę na szczęśliwe życie.
Passive Klimatisierung in einem Magazinneubau. Zwischenbilanz des Magdeburger Modells
Authors: Heiden Detlev 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Anforderungsgerecht klimatisierte Archivmagazine sind das Fundament aller Bestandserhaltungsmaßnahmen. Der Magdeburger Magazinneubau des Landesarchivs Sachsen-Anhalt zeigt die Machbarkeit einer technikarmen passiven Klimatisierung. Die jährlichen Temperaturverläufe zeichnen sich bei durchschnittlichen Temperaturen zwischen 16 und 18° Celsius durch mäßige Schwankungen innerhalb eines gleichförmigen Musters aus. Der Gesamtdurchschnitt von 17,2° Celsius setzt den Zielwert von 16–18° Celsius um. Die relativen Feuchten bewegen sich zwischen 42 und 50 % (mit einem Gesamtdurchschnitt von 45 % bei einem Zielwert von 40–50 %), womit die hygrische Stabilität uneingeschränkt erreicht wird.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction Combined with High Calcium Load Leads to Impaired Antioxidant Defense Underlying the Selective Loss of Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons
Authors: Ricke Konrad M. , Paß Thomas , Kimoloi Sammy , Fährmann Kai , Jüngst Christian , Schauss Astrid , Baris Olivier R. , Aradjanski Marijana , Trifunovic Aleksandra , Eriksson Faelker Therese M. , Bergami Matteo , Wiesner Rudolf J. 
Published: January 2020

Mitochondrial dysfunction is critically involved in Parkinson's disease, characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons (DaNs) in the substantia nigra (SNc), whereas DaNs in the neighboring ventral tegmental area (VTA) are much less affected. In contrast to VTA, SNc DaNs engage calcium channels to generate action potentials, which lead to oxidant stress by yet unknown pathways. To determine the molecular mechanisms linking calcium load with selective cell death in the presence of mitochondrial deficiency, we analyzed the mitochondrial redox state and the mitochondrial membrane potential in mice of both sexes with genetically induced, severe mitochondrial dysfunction in DaNs (MitoPark mice), at the same time expressing a redox-sensitive GFP targeted to the mitochondrial matrix. Despite mitochondrial insufficiency in all DaNs, exclusively SNc neurons showed an oxidized redox-system, i.e., a low reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH-GSSG) ratio. This was mimicked by cyanide, but not by rotenone or antimycin A, making the involvement of reactive oxygen species rather unlikely. Surprisingly, a high mitochondrial inner membrane potential was maintained in MitoPark SNc DaNs. Antagonizing calcium influx into the cell and into mitochondria, respectively, rescued the disturbed redox ratio and induced further hyperpolarization of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Our data therefore show that the constant calcium load in SNc DaNs is counterbalanced by a high mitochondrial inner membrane potential, even under conditions of severe mitochondrial dysfunction, but triggers a detrimental imbalance in the mitochondrial redox system, which will lead to neuron death. Our findings thus reveal a new mechanism, redox imbalance, which underlies the differential vulnerability of DaNs to mitochondrial defects.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTParkinson's disease is characterized by the preferential degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DaNs) of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), resulting in the characteristic hypokinesia in patients. Ubiquitous pathological triggers cannot be responsible for the selective neuron loss. Here we show that mitochondrial impairment together with elevated calcium burden destabilize the mitochondrial antioxidant defense only in SNc DaNs, and thus promote the increased vulnerability of this neuron population.
Cholecystokinin-Expressing Interneurons of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Mediate Working Memory Retrieval
Authors: Nguyen Robin , Venkatesan Sridevi , Binko Mary , Bang Jee Yoon , Cajanding Janine D. , Briggs Chloe , Sargin Derya , Imayoshi Itaru , Lambe Evelyn K. , Kim Jun Chul 
Published: January 2020

Distinct components of working memory are coordinated by different classes of inhibitory interneurons in the PFC, but the role of cholecystokinin (CCK)-positive interneurons remains enigmatic. In humans, this major population of interneurons shows histological abnormalities in schizophrenia, an illness in which deficient working memory is a core defining symptom and the best predictor of long-term functional outcome. Yet, CCK interneurons as a molecularly distinct class have proved intractable to examination by typical molecular methods due to widespread expression of CCK in the pyramidal neuron population. Using an intersectional approach in mice of both sexes, we have succeeded in labeling, interrogating, and manipulating CCK interneurons in the mPFC. Here, we describe the anatomical distribution, electrophysiological properties, and postsynaptic connectivity of CCK interneurons, and evaluate their role in cognition. We found that CCK interneurons comprise a larger proportion of the mPFC interneurons compared with parvalbumin interneurons, targeting a wide range of neuronal subtypes with a distinct connectivity pattern. Phase-specific optogenetic inhibition revealed that CCK, but not parvalbumin, interneurons play a critical role in the retrieval of working memory. These findings shine new light on the relationship between cortical CCK interneurons and cognition and offer a new set of tools to investigate interneuron dysfunction and cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCholecystokinin-expressing interneurons outnumber other interneuron populations in key brain areas involved in cognition and memory, including the mPFC. However, they have proved intractable to examination as experimental techniques have lacked the necessary selectivity. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report detailed properties of cortical cholecystokinin interneurons, revealing their anatomical organization, electrophysiological properties, postsynaptic connectivity, and behavioral function in working memory.
Evaluation of maxillary anterior teeth proportion with Chu’s Gauge in a population of Central India: an in-vivo study
Authors: Wagh Sukhada Arun , Mantri Sneha S. , Bhasin Abhilasha 
Published: January 2020

Aim. To evaluate the width/height proportions in maxillary anterior natural dentition and its correlation with Chu’s esthetic proportion Gauge.
Settings and Design. Observational cross-sectional study with the inclusion criteria of well aligned maxillary anterior teeth.
Purpose. The present study attempts to perceive the application of Chu’s Esthetic Proportion Gauge in a group of the central Indian population .
Methods. A total number of 150 participants within the age group 18- 30 years were screened, out of which 80 participants were selected, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of well aligned maxillary anterior teeth with pleasing smile, unrestored, periodontally sound, no fracture, no missing, absence of diastema teeth and no H/O orthodontic treatment. The selected participants were seated on the dental chair with the Frankforts horizontal plane parallel to the floor. The participants were observed for height and width proportions using the Chu’s esthetic proportion gauge and measured using digital vernier calliper. The proportion and measured height and width ratios were then compared .
Results. The recorded data was compiled and entered in a spreadsheet computer program (Microsoft Excel 2007) and then exported to data editor page of SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Intergroup comparison between gauge and vernier caliper was done using Chi- square test for proportions percentages (Qualitative data) and Mann-Whitney U test of width and height and then categorized into esthetic and unesthetic anterior teeth. Level of significance was set at 0.05.
Conclusions. Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that maxillary anterior teeth did show similarity with Chu’s esthetic proportion scale.
Mandibular symphysis morphology and lower incisor angulation in different anteroposterior jaw relationships and skeletal growth patterns – a cephalometric study
Authors: Jain Sandhya , Puniyani Prateek , Saifee Arwa 
Published: January 2020

Objective. The purpose of the present study was to assess the symphyseal morphology and lower incisor angulation in different anteroposterior relationship and in different growth patterns and to investigate whether the symphyseal morphology had any correlation with dentofacial parameters.
Method. Random Sampling method and lateral cephalograms of 90 subjects, age group 16-30 years, were divided into 30 in each group, i.e. Class I, Class II & Class III after calculating the following parameters (ANB angle, wits appraisal). After that, groups were again divided into 10 in each subgroup i.e. Average, Horizontal and Vertical growers.
Results. Results showed the increase in actual symphysis width, inclination of the alveolar part, total height of symphysis and reduction in overall width along with retroclination of lower incisors in class III subjects as compared to class I and class II. Similarly actual and overall width of the symphysis were decreased and inclination of the alveolar part, symphyseal height and symphyseal ratio were increased in vertical growers.
Conclusion. The dimensions and configuration of Mandibular Symphysis in class III was found to be different than those in Class I and Class II relationships; the alveolar part of Mandibular Symphyseal compensated for the skeletal relationship in the Class III pattern. Mandibualr Symphysis dimensions were strongly correlated to anterior facial dimensions. Similarly the dimensions and configuration of Mandibular Symphysis was also different in vertical growers as compared to horizontal and average growers, moreover symphyseal morphology and lower incisor angulation had a correlation with dentofacial parameters.
A People’s Writer for Peasant Readers: The Early Reception of Žemaitė’s Writings (1895–1915)
Authors: Bleizgienė Ramunė 
Published: January 2020

This article investigates the rise of the peasantry as new readers and Lithuanian intellectuals’ reactions to this phenomenon as they took the initiative in directing the peasants’ cultivation as readers. These intellectuals were concerned with the development of the peasants and sought to form their reading habits, influence the readers’ choices as to reading material, and so on. This article goes on to analyze how Žemaitė’s status as a peasant writer was established during her early reception, and how the evaluation of her work depended on the imagined addressee. By analyzing the reviews and broader studies of Žemaitė’s published works in the Lithuanian press from 1895 to 1915, this article aims to show that the formation of the common people as a potential and especially important national reading public was an integral part of her canonization process. Yet another important aim of this research is to reveal how the reception of Žemaitė’s works brought ordinary village peasant onto the horizon of modern Lithuanian culture, and how this became the foundation of one of the new literary styles in Lithuania, namely realism. In this way, by canonizing Žemaitė’s works, the life of village folk became not only visible and recognizable to the Lithuanian reading public, but also came to be regarded as a credible topic for realistic prose.
Between the tropes and pragmatics: the rhetorical aspect of Rozmowa polaka z litwinem
Authors: Knieža Skirmantas 
Published: January 2020

This paper presents rhetorical aspects of a sixteenth century Lithuanian polemical treatise “Rozmowa polaka z litwinem” (“Pasikalbėjimas lenko su lietuviu”). This anonymous work is often labeled as “humanist”. Even though many scholars analyse its contents and emphasize references to the Classical Antiquity, formal aspects and their pragmatic implications remain unevaluated. Scholars have mainly focused on the issue of it authorship and quoted it illustrating cultural and political sixteenth century changes in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The main aim of this article is to reveal rhetorical tropes and figures employed by the author of the treatise and discuss the possible motivation of their selection. “Rozmowa” responds to, “Quincunx”, written in 1564 by a Polish polemist Stanisław Orzechowski (1513–1566). It is a part of a prolonged polemic between the later and Lithuanian Chancellor, Palatine of Vilnius Mikalojus Radvila “The Black”. The details and the course of their dispute is reconstructed by Orzechowski himself in the letter to Piotr Miscovius, which also is titled “Apologia pro Quincunce”. He refers to the “Rozmowa” without mentioning its title or particular author. Historiography attributes it to the Vilnius mayor (wójt) Augustyn Rotundus (c. 1520–1582). Both Orzechowski and Rotundus studied abroad and had spent some time in Italy. Not only curricula of their studies of artes liberales were influenced by Classical Antiquity, they also undoubtedly got familiar with humanist culture of the contemporary Europe.“Rozmowa” consists of two main parts, which are separated by a verse. The treatise is written in a form of a dialogue, and allows to portray a vivid discussion and multiple points of view. The first part of “Rozmowa” focuses on the questions of the political theory, whereas the second one is dedicated to the history of Lithuania, its dynasty and the issue of the Polish-Lithuanian Union. While the first part is polemical, the second one has epideictic character. The author employs personification, paradiastole and antithesis. The latter two allow changing the normative contents of political concepts, and irony highlights the absurdities in the Polish political practices. The Lithuanian, one of the characters, uses deprecation and interpellation, addresses the absent participants of a dialogue (e. g. Orzechowski himself). The author quotes Ancient authors, Scripture, Church Fathers and contemporary thinkers (e. g. Machiavelli and Erasmus), whose ideas provide him with literary topoi. Merged with the rhetorical techniques, they constitute the political arguments of the treatise and allows the author to express one’s political ideas.
O ritual das Lemúrias nos Fastos de Ovídio: tradução performativa
Authors: Frohwein de Salles Moniz Fábio , Pontes de Mendonça Walace 
Published: January 2020

Um dos primeiros desafios da tradução performativado dístico elegíaco consiste em emular, na língua de chegada, a alternância métrica característica da estrofe. Márcio Meirelles Gouvêa Júnior (ovídio, 2015) traduziu os Fastos, recriando o hexâmetro com dodecassílabos e o pentâmetro com decassílabos. Guilherme Gontijo Flores (2011) apresenta dez propostas de tradução para a elegia 20 do livro iii, de Tibulo, composta em dístico elegíaco, empregando, basicamente, dois sistemas opositivos: 1) verso núnico para o hexâmetro X “pentâmetro aproximado”, verso em língua portuguesa dotado de quatorze sílabas poéticas com tônicas obrigatórias em 4-7-8-11-14; 2) “tradução em dístico elegíaco alemão”, isto é, criação de um dístico brasileiro a partir de regras da metrificação alemã, empregando, para a emulação do hexâmetro, seis tônicas, entre as quais uma ou duas sílabas átonas, para recriar possibilidades de espondeu ou dátilo; e técnica semelhante para pentâmetro, mas sem a diérese obrigatória após o terceiroictus, como em latim. Luiza dos Santos Souza (2016) propõe uma emulação do ritmo original do dístico elegíaco latino a partir das propostas de Carlos Alberto da Costa Nunes (virgílio, 1983) e de Leonardo Antunes (2009). Nossa tradução partiu dessas abordagens e estratégias, mas sem concordância completa com uma determinado tradutor, buscando emular o padrão rítmico do hexâmetro datílico sem variações, tal como nas traduções núnicas. Com base nesse critério técnico, aplicamos o mesmo tratamento à tradução do pentâmetro datílico.
Analysis of variables of the nutrition index alcohol and medicament use and PTSD
Authors: Sarač-Hadžihalilović Aida , Rakanović - Todić Maida , Ajanović Zurifa , Šljuka Senad , Dervišević Amela 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: The main aim of the study was to examine the interdependence of values of the nutrition index, the use of medicaments, and alcohol consumption in the group of subjects with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and in control group without PTSD.
Methods: To determine the interdependence of different indices of nutrition and the alcohol and drug consumption in both groups, the crosstab model was used.
Results: In both of the tested groups, medicament users had higher average values for nutritional indexes compared to the subjects that are not the consumers of medicaments, but the confirmed differences were not statistically significant. The subjects with PTSD who consume alcohol had lower average values for nutritional indexes compared to the subjects who do not consume alcohol. In the control group, subjects who consumed alcohol had higher mean values for nutritional indexes than those who did not consume alcohol. Differences in the values of the nutrition index between alcohol and non-alcohol subjects were not statistically significant either in the PTSD group or in the control group. The subjects with PTSD had less average values of all the used nutrition indexes compared to the control group subjects, but the confirmed differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that medicaments use and alcohol consumption do not exert a statistically significant effect on the values of the nutrition index in any of the study groups. Possible concomitant use of drugs with the opposite effect on the monitored parameter (nitrazepam and amitriptyline vs. SSRI and bupropion) can lead to findings like this. We recommend further research to eliminate influence of pharmacodynamic effects of alcohol, drugs, and stress on the development of weight gain or loss.