bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erfassung selbst berichteter kardiovaskulärer und metabolischer Erkrankungen in der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie: Methoden und erste Ergebnisse
Authors: Jaeschke Lina , Steinbrecher Astrid , Greiser Karin Halina , Dörr Marcus , Buck Thomas , Linseisen Jakob , Meisinger Christa , Ahrens Wolfgang , Becher Heiko , Berger Klaus , Braun Bettina , Brenner Hermann , Castell Stefanie , Fischer Beate , Franzke Claus-Werner , Gastell Sylvia , Günther Kathrin , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Holleczek Bernd , Jagodzinski Annika , Kaaks Rudolf , Kluttig Alexander , Krause Gérard , Krist Lilian , Kuß Oliver , Lehnich Anna-Therese , Leitzmann Michael , Lieb Wolfgang , Löffler Markus , Michels Karin B. , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Peters Annette , Schikowski Tamara , Schipf Sabine , Schmidt Börge , Schulze Matthias , Völzke Henry , Willich Stefan N. , Pischon Tobias 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Aus der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie, der größten deutschen bevölkerungsbasierten Studie zur Gesundheit, liegen die Daten zu selbst berichteten kardiovaskulären und metabolischen Erkrankungen der ersten ca. 100.000 Teilnehmenden vor.

Ziel
Beschreibung der Methoden zur Erhebung sowie Berechnung der Häufigkeit kardiovaskulärer und metabolischer Erkrankungen in der NAKO.

Material und Methoden
101.806 Teilnehmende (20–75 Jahre, 46 % Männer) aus 18 bundesweiten Studienzentren wurden in einem computergestützten, standardisierten persönlichen Interview gebeten, anhand einer vorgegebenen Liste anzugeben, welche Erkrankungen bei ihnen jemals ärztlich diagnostiziert wurden, darunter auch kardiovaskuläre und metabolische Erkrankungen. Für Letztere wurden deren geschlechtsspezifische relative Häufigkeiten berechnet und diese mit Referenzzahlen verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Bezogen auf die kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen berichteten 3,5 % der Männer und 0,8 % der Frauen, jemals einen Herzinfarkt diagnostiziert bekommen zu haben, 4,8 % bzw. 1,5 % eine Angina pectoris, 3,5 % bzw. 2,5 % eine Herzinsuffizienz, 10,1 % bzw. 10,4 % Herzrhythmusstörungen, 2,7 % bzw. 1,8 % eine Claudicatio intermittens und 34,6 % bzw. 27,0 % eine arterielle Hypertonie. Die Häufigkeit berichteter diagnostizierter metabolischer Erkrankungen lag bei 8,1 % bzw. 5,8 % für Diabetes mellitus, bei 28,6 % bzw. 24,5 % für Hyperlipidämie, bei 7,9 % bzw. 2,4 % für Gicht und bei 10,1 % bzw. 34,3 % für Schilddrüsenerkrankungen. Die beobachteten Häufigkeiten lagen insgesamt etwas niedriger als Vergleichsdaten für Deutschland.

Diskussion
Die NAKO erhebt von allen Teilnehmenden selbst berichtete, ärztlich diagnostizierte kardiovaskuläre und metabolische Erkrankungen und stellt damit eine Datenressource für weitergehende kardiometabolische Forschungsfragestellungen dar.
Die Hybridstabilisierung und geriatrische Komplexbehandlung in der Therapie von A-Frakturen der Wirbelsäule
Authors: Homagk L. , Hellweger A. , Hofmann G. O. 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland ereignen sich ca. 200.000 geriatrische Wirbelfrakturen pro Jahr. Die dezimierte Stabilität des Wirbelkörpers führt häufig zu A‑Frakturen mit einem wesentlichen Einfluss bei der begleitenden Osteoporose. Eine mobilitätserhaltende und schonende Therapie hat gegenüber der konservativen Behandlung deutliche Vorteile. Dabei hat sich die Hybridstabilisierung als Kombination der minimal-invasiven dorsalen Stabilisierung und einer Wirbelkörperaugmentation etabliert. Im Zeitraum vom 01.07.2014 bis 30.06.2015 wurden 205 Wirbelsäulenoperationen erfasst. In der Gruppe der hochbetagten Patienten wurden über 80 % aufgrund einer geriatrischen Wirbelkörperfraktur Typ A behandelt und 24 mittels Hybridstabilisierung (77,1 Jahre, ±6,8), 5 perkutan-bisegmental (75,9 Jahre), 22 per Kyphoplastiestabilisierung (75,7 Jahre) und 13 perkutan-polysegmental versorgt (72,4 Jahre). Diese vier Gruppen wurden ferner auch bezüglich der Behandlung im alterstraumatologischen Zentrum (ATZ) betrachtet. Die operative und perioperative Versorgung bei der Hybridstabilisierung war 36 min länger. Die vier Versorgungsformen erzielten eine durchschnittliche Vergütung von 11.238,77 €. Für die Versorgungsform Kyphoplastie zeigt sich bei ähnlichem Patientengut eine Steigerung in der Vergütung von 4276,54 €, wenn die Patienten der geriatrischen Komplexbehandlung zugeführt werden und dabei die DRG „I34Z“ abgerechnet wird. Im Bereich der operativen Versorgung geriatrischer Wirbelkörperfrakturen gelten die augmentiven Verfahren der Kypho- oder Vertebroplastie als etabliert, aber es zeigt sich häufig eine verletzungsbedingte Mitbeteiligung benachbarter Wirbelsäulensegmente und Anschlussfrakturen, sodass eine bisegmentale Hybridstabilisierung Vorteile zeigt. Da diese Wirbelsäulenpatienten durchschnittlich 15 Jahre älter sind, wird in der geriatrischen Wirbelsäulenchirurgie der goldene Weg zwischen schonender Operationsmethode und frühzeitigster Mobilisierung verfolgt. Zudem ist der perioperative Stress bei der Hybridstabilisierung nur unwesentlich länger, sodass die Hybridstabilisierung und die geriatrische Komplexbehandlung als neuer wirbelsäulenchirurgischer Versorgungsstandard für die Versorgung der A‑Frakturen hochbetagter Patienten empfohlen werden können.
Primär- und Sekundärprävention von Hautkrebs in ländlichen Regionen
Authors: Ziehfreund Stefanie , Krause Julia , Rotter Markus , Biedermann Tilo , Zink Alexander 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Hautkrebs ist weltweit die häufigste Malignität der hellhäutigen Bevölkerung. Primär- und Sekundärprävention sind entscheidend, um die Krankheitslast von Hautkrebs zu senken. Verschiedene Studien deuten allerdings auf ein unzureichendes Präventionsverhalten insbesondere der Landbevölkerung hin.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel war, das Risiko- und Präventionsverhalten von ländlichen Bevölkerungen zu untersuchen und Subgruppen mit hohem Handlungsbedarf bezüglich Präventionsmaßnahmen zu identifizieren.

Material und Methoden
In einer Querschnittstudie wurden im ersten Quartal 2017 in nichtdermatologischen Arztpraxen im Bayerischen Wald (Deutschland) Patienten und deren Begleitpersonen (≥18 Jahre) in den Wartezimmern zum Thema Primär- und Sekundärprävention befragt. Die Daten wurden mittels anonymisierter Papierfragebögen erhoben. Assoziationen wurden mittels logistischer Regression berechnet.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 880 Personen (57,7 % weibliche, mittleres Alter 49,5 Jahre) eingeschlossen, von denen 53,6 % bisher mindestens 1‑mal ein Hautkrebsscreening in Anspruch genommen hatten. Sonnencreme war die am häufigsten verwendete Sonnenschutzmaßnahme. Das männliche Geschlecht und die Altersgruppen 18 bis 34 Jahre hatten ein signifikant höheres Risiko für die Nichtverwendung von fast allen Präventionsmaßnahmen (abhängig von der Maßnahme: OR [Odds Ratio]: 1,4–2,4 bzw. 1,8–3,7). Keine Inanspruchnahme von Hautkrebsscreening war zudem mit einer solaren UV-Exposition von über 6 h pro Tag assoziiert (OR: 1,8, 95 %-KI [Konfidenzintervall]: 1,14–2,97).

Schlussfolgerung
Zukünftige Präventionsstrategien sollten vermehrt auf junge Erwachsene, insbesondere auf Männer und Personen mit einer hohen UV-Exposition ausgerichtet werden, um der Krankheitslast von Hautkrebs in der ländlichen Region langfristig gerecht werden zu können.
Three-dimensional templating in hip arthroplasty: the basis for template-directed instrumentation?
Authors: Savov P. , Budde S. , Tsamassiotis S. , Windhagen H. , Klintschar M. , Ettinger M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionComputed tomography-based three-dimensional models may allow the accurate determination of the center of rotation, lateral and anterior femoral offsets, and the required implant size in total hip arthroplasty. In this cadaver study, the accuracy of anatomical reconstruction was evaluated using a three-dimensional planning tool.Materials and methodsA total of eight hip arthroplasties were performed on four bilateral specimens. Based on a computed tomography scan, the position and size of the prosthesis were templated with respect to the anatomical conditions.ResultsOn average, all parameters were reconstructed to an accuracy of 4.5 mm and lie within the limits recommended in the literature. All prostheses were implanted with the templated size.ConclusionsThe exact anatomy of the patient and the required size and position of the prosthesis were precisely analyzed using a templating software. Based on the present findings, the development of template-directed instrumentation is conceivable using this method. However, further technical features (e.g., navigation or robot-assisted surgery) are required for improved precision for implant positioning.
Wilkinson’s Bus: Weak Condition Numbers, with an Application to Singular Polynomial Eigenproblems
Authors: Lotz Martin , Noferini Vanni 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe propose a new approach to the theory of conditioning for numerical analysis problems for which both classical and stochastic perturbation theories fail to predict the observed accuracy of computed solutions. To motivate our ideas, we present examples of problems that are discontinuous at a given input and even have infinite stochastic condition number, but where the solution is still computed to machine precision without relying on structured algorithms. Stimulated by the failure of classical and stochastic perturbation theory in capturing such phenomena, we define and analyse a weak worst-case and a weak stochastic condition number. This new theory is a more powerful predictor of the accuracy of computations than existing tools, especially when the worst-case and the expected sensitivity of a problem to perturbations of the input is not finite. We apply our analysis to the computation of simple eigenvalues of matrix polynomials, including the more difficult case of singular matrix polynomials. In addition, we show how the weak condition numbers can be estimated in practice.
Orthogonality Spaces Arising from Infinite-Dimensional Complex Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Vetterlein Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe collection of one-dimensional subspaces of an anisotropic Hermitian space is naturally endowed with an orthogonality relation and represents the typical example of what is called an orthogonality space: a set endowed with a symmetric, irreflexive binary relation. We investigate in this paper symmetry properties of orthogonality spaces. We show that two conditions concerning the existence of automorphisms of orthogonality spaces are essentially sufficient to characterise the basic model of quantum physics, the countably infinite dimensional complex Hilbert space.
Principle of reasonable and legitimate expectations in international law as a premise for investments in the energy sector
Authors: Krzykowski Michał , Mariański Michał , Zięty Jakub 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA stable and predictable legal environment is one of the basic factors considered in the investment process. It is of particular importance in the energy sector with its characteristically long-term investments which require substantial financial outlays. It has to be underlined that the nature of energy industry is rapidly changing both from the overall shape of the investment and regulatory models. One can observe that the model of the energy market that used to be based on state monopoly evolved into private or half private structure. However, of the particular importance is the fact that together with liberalisation and privatisation of the market the state becomes an active regulator of the market. It is especially noticeable in renewable energy sector in which governments by anticipating and incentivizing are creating conditions for new investments. Simultaneously, one cannot ignore that the state active regulatory policy may also bring a risk that support for certain investments will last as long as it is necessary to achieve its goals such as environmental protection, the need to strengthen awareness or equalise support costs. Therefore, abrupt change in the legal framework may affect the previously accepted financial set-up of the investment. In extreme cases, the change may make the investment unprofitable and thereby cause damage to the investor. This raises the question as to what legal remedies are available to foreign investors in the event of an unexpected and unjustified revision of the legal environment by the host state, provided that said revision causes damage to the investor. The authors assume the following thesis: the investor’s interests are protected under the principle of reasonable and legitimate expectations established in the framework of international law. The practical aspect of the hypothesis is also related to the question of the legal force of the arguments contained in the cases that were analysed and given as an example in the paper. As the paper analyses the principle of reasonable and legitimate expectations in the framework of international law through the prism of the investments in the energy sector, it is reasonable to verify the hypothesis regarding the effectiveness of the said principle as a legal basis for bringing claims by the investor. By analysing the doctrine itself and the related legislation and judgements, the authors shall attempt to determine when, and under what conditions, it is possible to apply the principle of reasonable and legitimate expectations in order to minimise the regulatory risk of an investment.
Managing Implementation of a Parental Support Programme for Obesity Prevention in the School Context: The Importance of Creating Commitment in an Overburdened Work Situation, a Qualitative Study
Authors: Bergström Helena , Sundblom Elinor , Elinder Liselotte Schäfer , Norman Åsa , Nyberg Gisela 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHealth-related behaviours in children can be influenced by parental support programmes. The aim of this study was to explore barriers to and facilitators for the implementation of a parental support programme to promote physical activity and healthy dietary habits in a school context. We explored the views and experiences of 17 coordinating school nurses, non-coordinating school nurses, and school principals. We based the interview guide on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. We held four focus group discussions with coordinating and non-coordinating school nurses, and conducted three individual interviews with school principals. We analysed data inductively using qualitative content analysis. We identified “Creating commitment in an overburdened work situation” as an overarching theme, emphasising the high workload in schools and the importance of creating commitment, by giving support to and including staff in the implementation process. We also identified barriers to and facilitators of implementation within four categories: (1) community and organisational factors, (2) a matter of priority, (3) implementation support, and (4) implementation process. When implementing a parental support programme to promote physical activity and healthy dietary habits for 5- to 7-year-old children in the school context, it is important to create commitment among school staff and school nurses. The implementation can be facilitated by political support and additional funding, external guidance, use of pre-existing resources, integration of the programme into school routines, a clearly structured manual, and appointment of a multidisciplinary team. The results of this study should provide useful guidance for the implementation of similar health promotion interventions in the school context.
Impacts of hydrological restoration on lowland river floodplain plant communities
Authors: Richards Daniel R. , Moggridge Helen L. , Warren Philip H. , Maltby Lorraine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany lowland floodplain habitats have been disconnected from their rivers by flood defence banks. Removing or lowering these banks can reinstate regular flooding and thus restore these important wetland plant communities. In this study we analyse changes in wetland hydrology and plant community composition following the lowering of flood defence banks at a floodplain of the River Don in the United Kingdom (UK). The aim of the restoration project was to improve the quality of “floodplain grazing marsh” habitat, which is a group of wetland communities that are of conservation interest in the UK. We analyse changes in species richness and community composition over a period of 6 years, and compare the presence of indicator species from the target floodplain grazing marsh plant communities. The lowering of the flood banks increased the frequency of flood events, from an estimated average of 1.7 floods per year to 571 floods per year. The increased flooding significantly increased the proportion of time that the wetland was submerged, and the heterogeneity in hydrological conditions within the floodplain. There were significant differences in composition between the pre-restoration and restored plant communities. Plants with traits for moisture tolerance became more abundant, although the communities did not contain significantly more ‘target’ floodplain grazing marsh species at the end of the study period than prior to restoration. Colonisation by floodplain grazing marsh species may have been limited because environmental conditions were not yet suitable, or because of a shortage of colonising propagules. While the desired target plant community has not been achieved after 5 years, it is encouraging that the community has changed dynamically as a result of hydrological changes, and that moisture-tolerant species have increased in occurrence. Over the next few decades, the restored flood regime may cause further environmental change or colonisation events, thus helping increase the occurrence of desired floodplain grazing marsh indicator species.
Volume or value? How relative performance information affects task strategy and performance
Authors: Schreck Philipp 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEmployees face volume–value trade-offs when they perform tasks with multiple characteristics, leaving them with a choice between different strategies towards the goal of maximizing the total value of their output. Either they produce many, less valuable units of output (volume strategy); or fewer, more valuable units (value strategy). In such a situation, the provision of relative performance information (RPI) may be useful for both, motivating employees to exert high levels of effort, and helping them to find the optimal strategy relative to their individual abilities. The study investigates how useful two common forms of RPI—simple and detailed—are in improving the performance of employees who face volume–value trade-offs. In particular, it analyzes how group composition in terms of the group members’ relative abilities moderates the behavioral consequences of RPI. Results of a laboratory experiment suggest that the behavioral effects of RPI depend on group composition, indeed: While in homogeneous groups, performance is highest under simple RPI, in heterogeneous groups, performance is highest under detailed RPI.
Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung für Kleinwasserkraftwerke in China
Authors: Tettenborn Felix , Sartorius Christian 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungIn China besteht ein hohes hydroenergetisches Potenzial an dezentralen emissionsarmen Lösungen in Form von Kleinwasserkraftwerken. Deren Nutzung kann helfen, soziale Ungleichgewichte abzubauen, gleichzeitig resultieren daraus international kontrovers diskutierte deutliche Eingriffe in Natur und Landschaft und damit in die Gesellschaft. Zur Erfassung und Bewertung der systemischen Auswirkungen der Nutzung von Wasserkraft wurde ein multikriterieller Ansatz erarbeitet, mit dessen Hilfe Planungsprozesse unterstützt und innovative Finanzmittel mobilisiert werden können.
Hybrid Reduced Graphene Oxide with Special Magnetoresistance for Wireless Magnetic Field Sensor
Authors: Yang Songlin , Tan Mingyan , Yu Tianqi , Li Xu , Wang Xianbin , Zhang Jin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVery few materials show large magnetoresistance (MR) under a low magnetic field at room temperature, which causes the barrier to the development of magnetic field sensors for detecting low-level electromagnetic radiation in real- time. Here, a hybrid reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-based magnetic field sensor is produced by in situ deposition of FeCo nanoparticles (NPs) on reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Special quantum magnetoresistance (MR) of the hybrid rGO is observed, which unveils that Abrikosov’s quantum model for layered materials can occur in hybrid rGO; meanwhile, the MR value can be tunable by adjusting the particle density of FeCo NPs on rGO nanosheets. Very high MR value up to 21.02 ± 5.74% at 10 kOe at room temperature is achieved, and the average increasing rate of resistance per kOe is up to 0.9282 Ω kOe−1. In this paper, we demonstrate that the hybrid rGO-based magnetic field sensor can be embedded in a wireless system for real-time detection of low-level electromagnetic radiation caused by a working mobile phone. We believe that the two-dimensional nanomaterials with controllable MR can be integrated with a wireless system for the future connected society.
Migration status, emotional engagement, and social exclusion in Chinese schools
Authors: Zhang Liangliang , He Guangye , Chen Yunsong , Shi Annan 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionSince migration has become one of the pressing issues of our time, the school engagement of migrant children in the destination cities has drawn increasing scholarly attention. While most existing studies have focused on the cognitive and behavioral dimensions of school engagement of migrant children compared to local children, the emotional dimension has received less scholarly attention. Using a large‐scale, national representative, school‐level longitudinal survey data conducted in 2014 in China, this study examined the effect of migration status on children's emotional engagement in school.MethodsThis study was conducted with 15,872 Chinese junior high school students (mean age = 13.52, SD = 1.24) using ordered logistic regression. KHB mediation analysis was employed to explain migration‐emotional engagement linkage.ResultsCompared with urban local children, both rural and urban migrant children are less likely to feel closely connected to their peers in school and are more likely to feel bored and to express escapism. The KHB mediation analysis further suggests that compared with the number of friends and proportions of the same‐school friends, the percentages of local friends at the same school mediate most of the effect of migration status on all three measures of emotional engagement, particularly for rural migrant children.ConclusionsThese findings revealed that although both social exclusion and the absence of friendship play statistically significant mediation roles, social exclusion is of vital importance in understanding the differences between migrant and local children in emotional engagement.