bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Versatile Capacity Balancer for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Hu Lintong , Xue Lanlan , Fu Jinzhou , Xiao Ping , Zhai Tianyou , Li Huiqiao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAsymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) with high theoretical energy density have attracted extensive attention during the past years. However, the huge capacity gap between the two electrodes greatly limits high energy density. Regulating electrode mass can make the capacity balanced, while sacrificing weight and volume. Herein, a soluble bipolar molecule, 4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl (4‐OH‐TEMPO), is proposed as a versatile mediator in the electrolyte to balance the capacity gap in different types of ASCs. 4‐OH‐TEMPO is able to quickly obtain or lose electrons at different potentials regardless of the pH values, thus can contribute large redox capacity at the interface of capacitive electrode in ASCs in both positive or negative electrodes, acidic or alkaline systems. A case study of two typical ACSs is presented, Zn//activated carbon (AC) system with 4‐OH‐TEMPO for positive electrode enhancement in a mildly acidic electrolyte and AC//Ni(OH)2 system with 4‐OH‐TEMPO for negative electrode enhancement in an alkaline electrolyte. Both demonstrate that the addition of 4‐OH‐TEMPO can effectively balance the capacity mismatching between two electrodes, and its capacity contribution can be adjusted by concentration. The energy density of the two ACSs with 4‐OH‐TEMPO can be greatly promoted without significant sacrifice of the device's volume or mass.
Effects of the long‐term fertilization on pore and physicochemical characteristics of loess soil in Northwest China
Authors: Lan Zhilong , Zhao Ying , Zhang Jianguo , Yang Xueyun , Sial Tanveer Ali , Khan Muhammad Numan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLong‐term applications of inorganic and organic fertilizers have great effects on soil characteristics and crop yields. However, it is limited to quantify the influence of long‐term fertilization on soil micro‐pore structure. In this study, we investigated the effect of long‐term fertilizer application on soil pore characteristics using X‐ray computed tomography. Loess soil cores were collected from four 25‐yr fertilization treatments in Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China, including no fertilization (CK), nitrogen alone (N), nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium (NPK) and organic manure + chemical fertilizer NPK (OMNPK). The results indicated that, compared with other treatments, OMNPK treatment significantly increased winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield, total porosity, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, and decreased soil bulk density. Notably, there is greater soil pore connectivity (EuN, Euler number) and lower fractal dimension in OMNPK than other treatments. Pore size distribution showed a significant difference with different diameters in <50, 50–100, 100–1000, and >1000 μm. In contrast, pore shape distribution of soil core differed little among different treatments, while elongated shape pores were appropriately 99.5% at OMNPK with more frequency than other treatments. Co‐application of organic and inorganic fertilizers improved soil pore structure and soil physical‐chemical properties, which is beneficial for preventing soil degradation.
Effects of certified‐organic production on supplier failures and potential income effects of supplier failures on producers: Evidence from vegetable and macadamia producers in Kenya
Authors: Canwat Vincent , Oelofse Myles , Onakuse Stephen , de Neergaard Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOrganic agriculture uses contracts and networks to overcome its asset‐specificity problems and to ensure compliance with its standards and norms, including environmental conservation. This study analyzed the effects of certified‐organic production on supplier failures and the potential income effects of these failures on vegetable and macadamia producers in Kenya. Using survey data and propensity score matching, the study found that organic macadamia production reduces delivery failures because its asset specificity necessitates a dedicated transport system. It also found that organic vegetable production reduces quality failures because organic consumers are often less concerned about the physical quality of organic produce. However, despite these advantages, cases of supplier failures are still rampant among both organic and nonorganic producers of macadamia and vegetables. The potential income effects of these supplier failures, especially quantity and delivery failures in macadamia, raise concerns. These problems necessitate policy interventions, especially with respect to establishing and strengthening producer organizations, which are often very instrumental in overcoming quality, quantity, and delivery failures.
Selective Methanol‐to‐Formate Electrocatalytic Conversion on Branched Nickel Carbide
Authors: Li Junshan , Wei Ruilin , Wang Xiang , Zuo Yong , Han Xu , Arbiol Jordi , Llorca Jordi , Yang Yaoyue , Cabot Andreu , Cui Chunhua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA methanol economy will be favored by the availability of low‐cost catalysts able to selectively oxidize methanol to formate. This selective oxidation would allow extraction of the largest part of the fuel energy while concurrently producing a chemical with even higher commercial value than the fuel itself. Herein, we present a highly active methanol electrooxidation catalyst based on abundant elements and with an optimized structure to simultaneously maximize interaction with the electrolyte and mobility of charge carriers. In situ infrared spectroscopy combined with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that branched nickel carbide particles are the first catalyst determined to have nearly 100 % electrochemical conversion of methanol to formate without generating detectable CO2 as a byproduct. Electrochemical kinetics analysis revealed the optimized reaction conditions and the electrode delivered excellent activities. This work provides a straightforward and cost‐efficient way for the conversion of organic small molecules and the first direct evidence of a selective formate reaction pathway.
Singlet Heterofission in Tetracene–Pentacene Thin‐Film Blends
Authors: Zeiser Clemens , Moretti Luca , Lepple Daniel , Cerullo Giulio , Maiuri Margherita , Broch Katharina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHeterofission is a photophysical process of fundamental and applied interest whereby an excited singlet state is converted into two triplets on chemically distinct chromophores. The potential of this process lies in the tuning of both the optical band gap and the splitting between singlet and triplet energies. Herein, we report the time‐domain observation of heterofission in mixed thin films of the prototypical singlet fission chromophores pentacene and tetracene using excitation wavelengths above and below the tetracene band gap. We found a time constant of 26 ps for endothermic heterofission of a singlet exciton on pentacene in blends with low pentacene fractions, which was outcompeted by pentacene homofission for increasing pentacene concentrations. Direct excitation of tetracene lead to fast energy transfer to pentacene and subsequent singlet fission, which prevented homo‐ or heterofission of a singlet exciton on tetracene.
Reverse Thinking of the Aggregation‐Induced Emission Principle: Amplifying Molecular Motions to Boost Photothermal Efficiency of Nanofibers**
Authors: Li Haoxuan , Wen Haifei , Zhang Zhijun , Song Nan , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Wang Lei , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUsing reverse thinking of the aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) principle, we demonstrate an ingenious and universal protocol for amplifying molecular motions to boost photothermal efficiency of fibers. Core–shell nanofibers having the olive oil solution of AIE‐active molecules as the core surrounded by PVDF‐HFP shell were constructed by coaxial electrospinning. The molecularly dissolved state of AIE‐active molecules allows them to freely rotate and/or vibrate in nanofibers upon photoexcitation and thus significantly elevates the proportion of non‐radiative energy dissipation, affording impressive heat‐generating efficiency. Photothermal evaluation shows that the core–shell nanofibers with excellent durability can reach up to 22.36 % of photothermal conversion efficiency, which is 26‐fold as the non‐core–shell counterpart. Such a core–shell fiber can be used for photothermal textiles and solar steam generation induced by natural sunlight with green and carbon‐zero emission.
Environmentally Sensitive Color‐Shifting Fluorophores for Bioimaging
Authors: Wang Lu , Hiblot Julien , Popp Christoph , Xue Lin , Johnsson Kai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe introduce color‐shifting fluorophores that reversibly switch between a green and red fluorescent form through intramolecular spirocyclization. The equilibrium of the spirocyclization is environmentally sensitive and can be directly measured by determining the ratio of red to green fluorescence, thereby enabling the generation of ratiometric fluorescent probes and biosensors. Specifically, we developed a ratiometric biosensor for imaging calcium ions (Ca2+) in living cells, ratiometric probes for different proteins, and a bioassay for the quantification of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.
Adaptive Bifunctional Electrocatalyst of Amorphous CoFe Oxide @ 2D Black Phosphorus for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Li Xingyun , Xiao Liangping , Zhou Ling , Xu Qingchi , Weng Jian , Xu Jun , Liu Bin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWater electrolysis offers a promising green technology to tackle the global energy and environmental crisis, but its efficiency is greatly limited by the sluggish reaction kinetics of both the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, by growing amorphous multi‐transition‐metal (cobalt and iron) oxide on two‐dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP), we develop a bifunctional electrocatalyst (CoFeO@BP), which is able to efficiently catalyze both HER and OER. The overpotentials for the hybrid CoFeO@BP catalyst to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH are 88 and 266 mV for HER and OER, respectively. Based on a series of ex‐situ and in situ investigations, the excellent catalytic performance of CoFeO@BP is found to result from the adaptive surface structure under reduction and oxidation potentials. CoFeO@BP can be transformed to CoFe phosphide under reduction potential, in situ generating the real active catalyst for HER.
Removing Formaldehyde‐Induced Peptidyl Crosslinks Enables Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Peptide Hormone Distributions from Formalin‐Fixed Paraffin‐Embedded Tissues
Authors: Lee Dong‐Kyu , Rubakhin Stanislav S. , Kusmartseva Irina , Wasserfall Clive , Atkinson Mark A. , Sweedler Jonathan V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLinking molecular and chemical changes to human disease states depends on the availability of appropriate clinical samples, mostly preserved as formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) specimens stored in tissue banks. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables the visualization of the spatiotemporal distribution of molecules in biological samples. However, MSI is not effective for imaging FFPE tissues because of the chemical modifications of analytes, including complex crosslinking between nucleophilic moieties. Here we used an MS‐compatible inorganic nucleophile, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, to chemically reverse inter‐ and intra‐crosslinks from endogenous molecules. The analyte restoration appears specific for formaldehyde‐reactive amino acids. This approach enabled the MSI‐assisted localization of pancreatic peptides expressed in the alpha, beta, and gamma cells. Pancreatic islet‐like distributions of islet hormones were observed in human FFPE tissues preserved for more than five years, demonstrating that samples from biobanks can effectively be investigated with MSI.
Spin Ice‐like Magnetic Relaxation of a Two‐dimensional Network based on Manganese(III) Salen‐type Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Kachi‐Terajima Chihiro , Eiba Tasuku , Ishii Rikako , Miyasaka Hitoshi , Kodama Yuta , Saito Toshiaki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSpin ice is an exotic type of magnetism displayed by bulk rare‐earth pyrochlore oxides. We discovered a spin ice‐like magnetic relaxation of [{Mn(saltmen)}4{Mn(CN)6}](ClO4)⋅13 H2O (saltmen2−=N,N′‐(1,1,2,2‐tetramethylethylene)bis(salicylideneiminate)). This magnetic system can be considered as a two‐dimensional network of MnIII salen‐type single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) in which each SMM unit (ST=4) has two orthogonally oriented axial anisotropies and is connected ferromagnetically through the [Mn(CN)6]3− unit (S=1). This work illustrates that a two‐dimensional SMM network with competition between the ferromagnetic interaction and local noncollinear magnetic anisotropies on SMMs is a new type of magnetic system exhibiting slow relaxation of magnetization with a Davidson‐Cole‐type broad distribution of the relaxation time.
Quantitative Chirality and Concentration Sensing of Alcohols, Diols, Hydroxy Acids, Amines and Amino Alcohols using Chlorophosphite Sensors in a Relay Assay
Authors: Thanzeel F. Yushra , Balaraman Kaluvu , Wolf Christian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnalytical methods that allow simultaneous determination of the concentration and enantiomeric composition of small sample amounts and are also compatible with high‐throughput multi‐well plate technology have received increasing attention in recent years. We now introduce a new class of broadly useful small‐molecule probes and a relay sensing strategy that together accomplish these tasks with five classes of compounds including the challenging group of mono‐alcohols—a scope that stands out among previously reported UV, fluorescence, and CD assays. Several chlorophosphite probes and aniline indicators have been evaluated and used for on‐the‐fly CD/UV sensing following a continuous workflow. The wide application range of the readily available sensors is highlighted with almost 30 alcohols, diols, hydroxy acids, amines and amino alcohols, and the accuracy of the stereochemical analysis is showcased with samples covering a wide range of concentrations and enantiomeric ratios.
Elucidating Zeolite Channel Geometry–Reaction Intermediate Relationships for the Methanol‐to‐Hydrocarbon Process
Authors: Fu Donglong , Lucini Paioni Alessandra , Lian Cheng , van der Heijden Onno , Baldus Marc , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe chemical industry has exploited zeolite shape selectivity for more than 50 years, yet our fundamental understanding remains incomplete. Herein, the zeolite channel geometry–reactive intermediate relationships are studied in detail using anisotropic zeolite ZSM‐5 crystals for the methanol‐to‐hydrocarbon (MTH) process, and advanced magic‐angle spinning solid‐state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy. The utilization of anisotropic ZSM‐5 crystals enabled the preferential formation of reaction intermediates in single‐orientation zeolite channels, as revealed by molecular dynamics simulations and in situ UV/Vis diffuse‐reflectance spectroscopy. The ssNMR results show that the slightly more constrained sinusoidal zeolite channels favor the olefin cycle by promoting the homologation of alkanes, whereas the more extended straight zeolite channels facilitate the aromatic cycle with a higher degree of alkylation of aromatics. Dynamic nuclear polarization experiments further indicate the preferential formation of heavy aromatics at the zeolite surface dominated by the sinusoidal channels, providing further insight into catalyst deactivation.
Photoassisted Selective Steam and Dry Reforming of Methane to Syngas Catalyzed by Rhodium–Vanadium Bimetallic Oxide Cluster Anions at Room Temperature
Authors: Zhao Yan‐Xia , Yang Bin , Li Hai‐Fang , Zhang Yan , Yang Yuan , Liu Qing‐Yu , Xu Hong‐Guang , Zheng Wei‐Jun , He Sheng‐Gui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhotoassisted steam reforming and dry (CO2) reforming of methane (SRM and DRM) at room temperature with high syngas selectivity have been achieved in the gas‐phase catalysis for the first time. The catalysts used are bimetallic rhodium–vanadium oxide cluster anions of Rh2VO1–3−. Both the oxidation of methane and reduction of H2O/CO2 can take place efficiently in the dark while the pivotal step to govern syngas selectivity is photo‐excitation of the reaction intermediates Rh2VO2,3CH2− to specific electronically excited states that can selectively produce CO and H2. Electronic excitation over Rh2VO2,3CH2− to control the syngas selectivity is further confirmed from the comparison with the thermal excitation of Rh2VO2,3CH2−, which leads to diversity of products. The atomic‐level mechanism obtained from the well‐controlled cluster reactions provides insight into the process of selective syngas production from the photocatalytic SRM and DRM reactions over supported metal oxide catalysts.
Stem cell therapy for COVID‐19: Possibilities and challenges
Authors: Choudhery Mahmood S. , Harris David T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSince its eruption in China, novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has been reported in most of the countries and territories (>200) of the world with ∼18 million confirmed cases (as of August 3, 2020). In most of the countries, COVID‐19 upsurge is uncontrolled with a significant mortality rate. Currently, no treatment effective for COVID‐19 is available in the form of vaccines or antiviral drugs and patients are currently treated symptomatically. Although the majority of the patients develop mild symptoms and recover without mechanical ventilation for respiratory management, severe respiratory illness develops in a significant portion of affected patients and may result in death. While the scientific community is working to develop vaccines and drugs against the COVID‐19 pandemic, novel alternative therapies may reduce the mortality rate. Recent use of stem cells for critically ill COVID‐19 patients in a small group of patients in China and subsequent Emergency Use Authorization of stem cells by Food and Drug Administration to Global Institute of Stem Cell Therapy and Research and Athersys has created excitement among the medical community. As a result, several clinical trials have been registered using stem cells for COVID‐19 treatment that aim to use different cell sources, dosage, and importantly diverse targeted patient groups. In this brief review, the possibilities of stem cell use in COVID‐19 patients and relevant challenges in their use have been discussed.
Bimetallic Rod‐Packing Metal–Organic Framework Combining Two Charged Forms of 2‐Hydroxyterephthalic Acid
Authors: Peng Fang , Yang Huajun , Hernandez Anthony , Schier Danielle E. , Feng Pingyun , Bu Xianhui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough many rod‐packing metal‐organic frameworks are known, few are based on ordered heterometallic rod building unit. We show here the synthesis of CPM‐76 based on an unprecedented Zn‐Mg bimetallic rod with crystallographically distinguishable metal sites. The configuration of the rod offers two types of coordination site with trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral sites selectively occupied by Zn and Mg, respectively. Also unusual is the inter‐connection mode between the rods, which is based on dual‐charged forms (−3 and −2) of the 2‐hydroxyterephthalic acid (H3OBDC) ligand. Interestingly, each metal site in CPM‐76 binds one solvent molecule, leading to a high density of solvent binding sites.
Perylenetetracarboxylic Diimide as Diffusion‐Less Electrode Material for High‐Rate Organic Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liebl Sebastian , Werner Daniel , Apaydin Dogukan H. , Wielend Dominik , Geistlinger Katharina , Portenkirchner Engelbert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) is investigated as electrode material for organic Na‐ion batteries. Since PTCDI is a widely used industrial pigment, it may turn out to be a cost‐effective, abundant, and environmentally benign cathode material for secondary Na‐ion batteries. Among other carbonyl pigments, PTCDI is especially interesting due to its high Na‐storage capacity in combination with remarkable high rate capabilities. The detailed analysis of cyclic voltammetry measurements reveals a diffusion‐less mechanism, suggesting that Na‐ion storage in the PTCDI film allows for exceptionally fast charging/discharging rates. This finding is further corroborated by galvanostatic sodiation measurements at high rates of 17 C (2.3 A g−1), showing that 57 % of the theoretically possible capacity of PTCDI, or 78 mAh g−1, are attained in only 3.5 min charging time.
Association between tyrosine‐kinase inhibitor induced hypertension and treatment outcomes in metastatic renal cancer
Authors: Gadd Monique , Pranavan Ganes , Malik Laeeq 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTyrosine‐kinase inhibitor (TKI) drugs have been considered first line treatment for metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) for over a decade. TKI‐induced hypertension is a common adverse‐event in patients treated for metastatic RCC.AimThis study was aimed at investigating an association between TKI‐induced hypertension and treatment outcomes for metastatic RCC patients.Methods and resultsRetrospective data pertaining to patients with histologically or radiologically confirmed metastatic RCC treated with sunitinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, axitinib or cabozantinib between June 2012 and May 2019 were evaluated. Clinical information and serial blood pressure measurements were extracted from medical records for each patient. We compared objective response rate, progression‐free survival (PFS), and 12‐month survival between TKI‐induced hypertension (TIH) and non‐TIH groups using χ2 and Mann‐Whitney tests.Out of 72 patients screened, 52 met study eligibility criteria. The median age at diagnosis was 61 years (range: 42‐85 years) with a clear male predominance. The majority of patients had a history of nephrectomy with clear cell pathology. Almost all patients were on first‐line TKI therapy with sunitinib or pazopanib. Median follow‐up was 11 months. About half of patients developed TKI‐induced hypertension (grade 2‐3). In the TIH group 82% were commenced on an antihypertensive agent. Median PFS measured 30.5 weeks for TIH group compared to 22.2 weeks for non‐TIH (P = .05). The 6 month and 12 month survival rates for TIH were 82% and 56%, respectively, as compared to 76% and 44% for non‐TIH.ConclusionThe occurrence of TKI‐induced hypertension was found to be a positive prognostic factor for progression in patients with metastatic RCC.