bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of mental fatigue on brain activity: Evidence from a systematic review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Tran Yvonne , Craig Ashley , Craig Rachel , Chai Rifai , Nguyen Hung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe occurrence of mental fatigue during tasks like driving a vehicle increases risk of injury or death. Changes in electroencephalographic (EEG) activity associated with mental fatigue has been frequently studied and considered a promising biomarker of mental fatigue. This is despite differences in methodologies and outcomes in prior research. A systematic review with meta‐analyses was conducted to establish the influence of mental fatigue on EEG activity spectral bands, and to determine in which regions fatigue‐related EEG spectral changes are likely to occur. A high‐yield search strategy identified 21 studies meeting inclusion criteria for investigating the change in EEG spectral activity in non‐diseased adults engaged in mentally fatiguing tasks. A medium effect size (using Cohen's g) of 0.68 (95%CI: 0.24–1.13) was found for increase in overall EEG activity following mental fatigue. Further examination of individual EEG spectral bands and regions using network meta‐analyses indicated large increases in theta (g = 1.03; 95%CI: 0.79–1.60) and alpha bands (g = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.47–1.43), with small to moderate changes found in delta and beta bands. Central regions of the scalp showed largest change (g = 0.80; 95%CI: 0.46–1.21). Sub‐group analyses indicated large increases in theta activity in frontal, central and posterior sites (all g > 1), with moderate changes in alpha activity in central and posterior sites. Findings have implications for fatigue monitoring and countermeasures with support for change in theta activity in frontal, central and posterior sites as a robust biomarker of mental fatigue and change in alpha wave activity considered a second line biomarker to account for individual variability.
Incidence and analysis of blood donor adverse reactions – an opportunity to establish a donor vigilance programme at an institution in Eastern India
Authors: Biswas Durba , Mukherjee Krishnendu , Chakrabarty Debadatta , Bhattacharya Prasun , Mukherjee Sourav 
Published: February 2020

Background and objectivesBlood donors are the essential pillars for safe blood transfusion service. This study aimed to analyse the spectrum of blood donor adverse events (AE) and design strategies for their prevention; to improve donor safety and increase donation frequency; and to encourage the establishment of a donor vigilance across different blood centres.Material and methodsA prospective study was conducted within the Department IHBT over eighteen months on whole blood (voluntary/replacement) and aphaeresis donors who were selected as per the national guidelines. Statistical analysis was done using Spss software.ResultsAltogether, 576 AE were observed in 11 371 donors, with significantly higher rate in plateletpheresis [61 in 314 donors] than WB donation. First time (451/4551), replacement (172/2894), female (158/1535) and young donors (18–40 years) (485/7969) were significantly prone to AE. Generalized vasovagal reactions (n = 349) were the commonest AE followed by haematoma. The onset of AE was mainly during postdonation period. Vasovagal reactions were significantly high in first time (P = 0·0001), replacement (P = 0·0001), female (P = 0·0001), young (18–40 years) (P = 0·0001) and low body weight donors (45–54 kg) (P = 0·0001) when compared to repeat, voluntary, male, older and heavier donors. Haematoma was found significantly higher in aphaeresis [P = 0·0001], first time [P = 0·0001] and heavier donors [P = 0·0001] as compared to WB, repeat and low body weight donors.ConclusionWe attempted to identify the spectrum of donor AE at our institution and also propose certain preventive measures, which would help in reducing the frequency of these AE. It is an evidence‐based approach to guide other blood centres and motivate them to establish their own donor vigilance.
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms: a case study of a cool lake
Authors: Tong Susanna T. Y. , Liu Tiange , Wan Shitian , Beck Richard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHarmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) are becoming more prevalent in inland waters, affecting not only the aquatic ecosystems but also the economy. This study attempted to characterize HCBs in a cool‐temperate freshwater lake and identify the causal factors controlling their proliferation. As our climate is changing in an unprecedented way, it is important to know how this climate change may alter surface runoff and streamflow, which may, in turn, affect HCBs. To this end, this research also employed a hydrologic model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool, to simulate the hydrologic conditions under various future climate scenarios. The results showed that weather conditions are more strongly related to the probable number of cyanobacteria per litre than nutrients. The change in precipitation, rather than temperature, is more important in affecting surface runoff. These results may be useful in controlling HCBs.
Evolution of the Morphology Near Triple-Phase Boundaries in Ni–Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Electrodes Upon Cathodic Polarization
Authors: Nakajo A. , Rinaldi G. , Caliandro P. , Jeanmonod G. , Navratilova L. , Cantoni M. , Van herle J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Microstructural changes in Ni–yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) near the YSZ electrolyte were examined by three-dimensional (3D) electron microscopy after electrolysis and fuel cell operation up to 10,700 h and 15,000 h, respectively. The depletion of Ni and three-phase boundaries (TPBs) close to the electrolyte was detected upon cathodic polarization. It corresponded to spatial variations of dihedral angles (θ) at TPBs and Ni surface curvature along the direction perpendicular to the electrolyte, which comport with electrowetting and Zener pinning theory on several aspects. θNi decreased by up to 6 deg next to the electrolyte after electrolysis but remained uniform after fuel cell operation. This is in line with predictions from electrowetting theory with capacitances measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and distribution of relaxation times. The decrease in θNi was concurrent to transition toward concave Ni/pore interfacial shapes and lower genus of the Ni phase, which suggests the pinch-off of Ni ligaments following surface diffusion-controlled Rayleigh instability. The increase in absolute mean curvature near the electrolyte interface is a driving force for outward transport of Ni. The decrease in θYSZ further suggests that TPB lines relocate on YSZ surface features that provide higher Zener pinning force. In contrast, few localized contact losses between Ni and YSZ that can also occur under high cathodic polarization and trigger Ni depletion were detected. The results are expected to advance the understanding of the driving forces that cause Ni depletion near the electrolyte in electrolysis for the design of improved solid oxide cell electrode microstructures.
Pt Nanoparticles Supported on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon-TiO2 Composite as a High-Performance Electrocatalyst for Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Jun , Chen Jiao , Zhou Fan , Zeng Xuewen , Xing An , Jia Bi , Fan Baoyan , Wang Jun , Liu Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Monodispersed Pt nanoparticles supported on a TiO2 and nitrogen-doped carbon composite (TiO2/NDC) were successfully synthesized via an efficient in situ self-assembly strategy and microwave-assisted polyol process. The Pt/TiO2/NDC catalyst exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity toward the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The electrochemically active surface area of the Pt/TiO2/NDC catalyst was twofold higher than that of the Pt/C/NDC catalyst. In addition, the Pt/TiO2/NDC catalyst revealed a better electrocatalytic activity and CO-tolerance as well as a stability toward the MOR. The combined characterization from Fourier transform infrared spectrum, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, thermogravimetric analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emissions spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses demonstrated that the superior catalytic performance and stability of the Pt/TiO2/NDC catalysts likely arose from the synergistic effect of their unique morphology and composition as well as the electronic effect between the TiO2/NDC and Pt. This electrocatalyst holds great promise for application in direct methanol fuel cells.
Catalysts for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol
Authors: Low Qi Hang , Yeo Boon Siang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Anthropogenic activities powered by the burning of fossil fuels have caused excessive emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. This has a negative impact on our environment. One promising approach to reduce the concentration of atmospheric CO2 is to convert it to useful products. This could be achieved via the electrochemical reduction of CO2 using renewable electricity. Methanol (CH3OH), a valuable fuel and feedstock, is one of the CO2 electroreduction products. However, its formation, thus far, has been plagued by the inadequacy of functional electrocatalysts. In this review, we summarize progresses made in the development of methanol-selective electrocatalysts, which provides us with a basis to discuss the underlying challenges of electroreducing CO2 to methanol.
Hybrid Nanostructured Ni(OH)2/NiO for High-Capacity Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Ren Yang , Ko Jesse S. , Kasse Robert M. , Song Xuefeng , Toney Michael F. , Nelson Weker Johanna 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A straightforward hydrothermal process followed by a controlled calcination technique is proposed for the synthesis of a Ni(OH)2 modified NiO nanohybrid structure. Conversion materials such as Li-ion battery anodes, NiO in this case, suffer from capacity fade and structural/morphological instability during lithiation and delithiation. The novelty of this work is in utilizing this hybrid configuration to increase the specific capacity and enable reversible electrochemistry. In the present work, we study the lithiation/delithiation process of NiO using a suite of spectroscopy and microscopy techniques from the atomic to electrode scale. We propose a mechanism for a reversible redox couple behavior of the NiO electrode by means of a hybrid Ni(OH)2/NiO structure. The ultimate objective of this work is to guide the development of anode with rationally designed heterogeneity to create high-capacity Li-ion batteries with excellent cycling and rate performance.
Integrated Intelligence of Fractional Neural Networks and Sequential Quadratic Programming for Bagley–Torvik Systems Arising in Fluid Mechanics
Authors: Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Manzar Muhammad Anwaar , Shah Syed Muslim , Chen YangQuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, an efficient soft computing paradigm is presented for solving Bagley–Torvik systems of fractional order arising in fluid dynamic model for the motion of a rigid plate immersed in a Newtonian fluid using feed-forward fractional artificial neural networks (FrANNs) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm. The strength of FrANNs has been utilized to construct an accurate modeling of the equation using approximation theory in mean square error sense. Training of weights of FrANNs is performed with SQP techniques. The designed scheme has been examined on different variants of the systems. The comparative studies of the proposed solutions with available exact as well as reference numerical results demonstrate the worth and effectiveness of the solver. The accuracy, consistency, and complexity are evaluated in depth through results of statistics.
Simultaneous Resonance and Anti-Resonance in Dynamical Systems Under Asynchronous Parametric Excitation
Authors: Karev Artem , Hagedorn Peter 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Since the discovery of parametric anti-resonance, parametric excitation has also become more prominent for its stabilizing properties. While resonance and anti-resonance are mostly studied individually, there are systems where both effects appear simultaneously at each combination resonance frequency. With a steep transition between them and a high sensitivity of their relative positions, there is a need for a concurrent study of resonance and anti-resonance. The semi-analytical method of normal forms is used to derive approximate analytical expressions describing the magnitude of the stability impact as well as the precise locations of stabilized and destabilized areas. The results reveal that the separate appearance of resonance and anti-resonance is only a special case occurring for synchronous parametric excitation. In particular, in circulatory systems the simultaneous appearance is expected to be much more common.
Locomotion of a Compliant Mechanism With Nonholonomic Constraints
Authors: Fedonyuk Vitaliy , Tallapragada Phanindra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCompliant mechanisms have been studied extensively as an alternative to traditional rigid body design with advantages like part number reduction, compliance, and multistable configurations. Most of the past research on compliant mechanisms has been restricted to the case where they are subject to holonomic constraints. In this paper, we develop a model of a planar compliant mechanism with nonholonomic constraints as a mobile robot that can move on the ground. The only actuation that is assumed is a torque on the system. It is shown that the dynamics of this system is similar to that of a well-known nonholonomic system, called the Chaplygin sleigh, but with an added degree-of-freedom and an additional quartic potential. The interaction of compliance and the nonholonomic constraint lead to multiple stable limit cycle oscillations in a reduced velocity space that correspond to oscillations about different stable physical configurations. These limit cycle oscillations produce motion of the compliant mechanism in the plane with differing characteristics. The modeling framework in this paper can form the basis for the design of underacted mobile compliant nonholonomic robots or mobile robots that incorporate compliant mechanisms as mechanical switches.
Thermal Management of Li-Ion Batteries by Embedding Microgrooves Inside the Electrodes: A Thermal Lattice Boltzmann Method Study
Authors: Mohammadian Shahabeddin K. , Zhang Yuwen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
One way to enhance the thermal performance of the Li-ion batteries is embedding microgrooves inside the porous electrodes and flowing the electrolyte through these microgrooves. Heat transfer from the battery can be enhanced by having both convection and conduction heat transfers inside the electrodes, instead of conduction heat transfer alone. A two-dimensional thermal lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was employed to predict electrolyte flow, heat transfer, and internal heat generation inside the positive porous electrode. Size and number of the microgrooves and the electrolyte flow velocity inside them were investigated, and it was found that embedding microgrooves inside the porous electrode improved the thermal performance of the Li-ion battery by keeping the electrode in lower temperatures and improving its temperature uniformity. Furthermore, increasing the electrolyte flow velocity as well as increasing the number of microgrooves (in a constant ratio between the total size of the microgrooves to the size of the porous electrode) kept the porous electrode in lower temperatures and enhanced temperature uniformity.
Effect of Volume on Eccentric Overload–Induced Postactivation Potentiation of Jumps
Authors: de Keijzer Kevin L. , McErlain-Naylor Stuart A. , Dello Iacono Antonio , Beato Marco 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To investigate the postactivation potentiation (PAP) effects of different eccentric overload (EOL) exercise volumes on countermovement-jump (CMJ) and standing-long-jump (LJ) performance. Methods: In total, 13 male university soccer players participated in a crossover design study following a familiarization period. Control (no PAP) CMJ and LJ performances were recorded, and 3 experimental protocols were performed in a randomized order: 1, 2, or 3 sets of 6 repetitions of flywheel EOL half-squats (inertia = 0.029 kg·m2). Performance of CMJ and LJ was measured 3 and 6 minutes after all experimental conditions. The time course and magnitude of the PAP were compared between conditions. Results: Meaningful positive PAP effects were reported for CMJ after 2 (Bayes factor [BF10] = 3.15, moderate) and 3 (BF10 = 3.25, moderate) sets but not after 1 set (BF10 = 2.10, anecdotal). Meaningful positive PAP effects were reported for LJ after 2 (BF10 = 3.05, moderate) and 3 (BF10 = 3.44, moderate) sets but not after 1 set (BF10 = 0.53, anecdotal). The 2- and 3-set protocols resulted in meaningful positive PAP effects on both CMJ and LJ after 6 minutes but not after 3 minutes. Conclusion: This study reported beneficial effects of multiset EOL exercise over a single set. A minimum of 2 sets of flywheel EOL half-squats are required to induce PAP effects on CMJ and LJ performance of male university soccer players. Rest intervals of around 6 minutes (>3 min) are required to maximize the PAP effects via multiple sets of EOL exercise. However, further research is needed to clarify the optimal EOL protocol configurations for PAP response.
“Don’t Touch My Bag”: The Role of Superstition in Professional Male Boxing
Authors: Allen Georgia , Thornton Claire , Riby Holly 
Published: February 2020

The superstitious actions athletes undertake before competition have been well documented, yet the role of such behaviors has received little qualitative attention. The aim of this study was to explore the role of superstitious routines in professional male boxing. A descriptive phenomenological approach was adopted, and individual semistructured interviews were conducted with 5 professional male athletes in the United Kingdom. Results show that superstition is regularly used by boxers in the lead-up to fights to aid mental preparation, fulfill a need for control, and improve the likelihood of success. Common themes emerged, such as the use of praying and engagement in acts thought to bring good luck and/or the avoidance of behaviors that might bring bad luck. Findings also indicate that despite a rational link, boxers use superstition as a coping mechanism (e.g., as a scapegoat/excuse for losing) and to gain a sense of control.
Robotic versus laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: protocol for umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Marano Luigi , Fusario Daniele , Savelli Vinno , Verre Luigi , Neri Alessandro , Marrelli Daniele , Roviello Franco 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionLaparoscopic surgery has been adopted in some parts of the world as an innovative approach to the resection of gastric cancers. However, in the modern era of surgical oncology, to overcome intrinsic limitations of the traditional laparoscopy, the robotic approach is advocated as able to facilitate the lymph node dissection and complex reconstruction after gastrectomy, to assure oncologic safety also in advanced gastric cancer patients. Previous meta-analyses highlighted a lower complication rate as well as bleeding in the robotic approach group when compared with the laparoscopic one. This potential benefit must be balanced against an increased time of intervention. The aim of this umbrella review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature for surgeons and policymakers in order to evaluate the potential benefits and harms of robotic gastrectomy (RG) compared with the laparoscopic approach for gastric cancer.Methods and analysisWe will perform a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases for all articles published up to May 2019 and reference list of relevant publications for systematic review and meta-analyses comparing the outcomes of RG and laparoscopic gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer. Studies will be selected by two independent reviewers based on prespecified eligibility criteria and the quality will be assessed according to AMSTAR (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews) checklist. All information will be collected using piloted and standardised data-extraction forms in DistillerSR developed following the Joanna Briggs Institute’s recommended extraction items.Ethics and disseminationThis umbrella review will inform clinical and policy decisions regarding the benefits and harms of RG for treating gastric cancer. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and the popular press. Formal ethical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019139906.
Clinical teaching unit design: a realist systematic review protocol of evidence-based practices for clinical education and health service delivery
Authors: Tang Brandon , Sandarage Ryan , Dutkiewicz Katrina , Saad Stephan , Chai Jocelyn , Dawson Kristin , Kitchin Vanessa , McCormick Iain , Kassen Barry 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionThe clinical teaching unit (CTU) has emerged as a near-ubiquitous model of clinical education across Canadian and international medical schools since it was first proposed over 50 years ago. However, while healthcare has changed dramatically over this period, the CTU model has remained largely unchanged. We thus aimed to systematically review principles of CTU design that contribute to improved outcomes in clinical education and health service delivery.Methods and analysisWe will perform a realist systematic review in accordance with the Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards (RAMESES) II protocol for realist reviews. Databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), were searched to find primary research articles published from 1993 to 2019 involving CTUs or other teaching wards, and outcomes related to either trainee education or health service delivery. Two reviewers will independently screen studies in a two-stage process. Retrieved titles and/or abstracts of studies will be screened in the first stage, with full texts reviewed in the second stage. Selected articles meeting inclusion criteria will undergo data abstraction using a standardised, pre-piloted form for assessment of study quality and knowledge synthesis.Ethics and disseminationThis review will generate higher quality evidence on the design of CTUs as a model for both clinical education and health service delivery. In addition, further knowledge translation efforts may be necessary to ensure that known best practices in CTU design become common practice.