bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative accuracy of lower limb bone geometry determined using MRI, CT, and direct bone 3D models
Authors: Stephen Joanna M. , Calder James DF , Williams Andy , El Daou Hadi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdvancements in imaging and segmentation techniques mean that three dimensional (3D) modeling of bones is now increasingly used for preoperative planning and registration purposes. Computer tomography (CT) scans are commonly used due to their high bone‐soft tissue contrast, however they expose subjects to radiation. Alternatively, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is radiation‐free: however, geometric field distortion and poor bone contrast have been reported to degrade bone model validity compared to CT. The present study assessed the accuracy of 3D femur and tibia models created from “Black Bone” 3T MRI and high resolution CT scans taken from 12 intact cadaveric lower limbs by comparing them with scans of the de‐fleshed and cleaned bones carried out using a high‐resolution portable compact desktop 3D scanner (Model HDI COMPACT C210; Polyga). This scanner used structured light (SL) to capture 3D scans with an accuracy of up to 35 μm. Image segmentation created 3D models and for each bone the corresponding CT and MRI models were aligned with the SL model using the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm and the differences between models calculated. Hausdorff distance was also determined. Compared to SL scans, the CT models had an ICP error of 0.82 ± 0.2 and 0.85 ± 0.2 mm for the tibia and femur respectively, whilst the MRI models had an error of 0.97 ± 0.2 and 0.98 ± 0.18 mm. A one‐way analysis of variance found no significant difference in the Hausdorff distances or ICP values between the three scanning methods (p > .05). The black bone MRI method can provide accurate geometric measures of the femur and tibia that are comparable to those achieved with CT. Given the lack of ionizing radiation this has significant benefits for clinical populations and also potential for application in research settings.
Biomechanical evaluation of a modified proximal humeral locking plate application for distal extra‐articular diaphyseal humeral fractures
Authors: Lim Joon‐Ryul , Yoon Tae‐Hwan , Choi Yun‐Rak , Lee Hwan‐Mo , Chun Yong‐Min 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe extra‐articular distal humerus locking plate (EADHP) is widely used for distal extra‐articular diaphyseal humeral fracture fixation. However, it occasionally causes skin prominence and discomfort. The upside‐down use of a proximal humerus internal locking system (PHILOS) plate is suggested as an alternative option, but it lacks biomechanical evidence. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical performance between two different fixation methods: the modified use of the PHILOS plate on the anterior cortex versus conventional use of an EADHP on the posterior cortex. Twelve pairs of fresh‐frozen cadaveric humeri were used and 7 mm gap osteotomy was performed at 50 mm proximal to the lateral epicondyle to simulate an AO/OTA 12‐C1.3 fracture type. Single load to failure was measured after five stiffness tests of the plate‐bone constructs in anterior/posterior bending, internal/external torsion, and axial compression. There were no significant differences in metrics between the two groups, except for the load to failure in posterior bending, which was significantly higher for PHILOS (1589.3 ± 234.5) compared to EADHP (1430.1 ± 188.6), p < .023. In conclusion, the modified use of the PHILOS plate showed comparable biomechanical performance compared to the conventional EADHP. The new fixation method offers potential clinical advantages, considering the patient's position and surgical approach at the time of surgery as well as postoperative soft tissue irritation. Therefore, this could be an option for distal humeral extra‐articular diaphyseal fracture fixation when the use of EADHP is not suitable or preferred.
Impact of grape variety, berry maturity and size on the extractability of skin polyphenols during model wine‐like maceration experiments
Authors: Abi‐Habib Elissa , Poncet‐Legrand Céline , Roi Stéphanie , Carrillo Stéphanie , Doco Thierry , Vernhet Aude 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSkin cell walls modulate anthocyanin and tannin extraction from grape skins. However, relationships between the composition of alcohol‐insoluble cell wall solids (AIS) and extraction are still unclear. Our objectives were to characterize the impact of variety, berry size and ripeness on skin AIS composition (polysaccharides, proteins) and polyphenol extraction during maceration.RESULTSGrape skin composition and its impact on polyphenol extraction was compared for two varieties – Carignan and Grenache – with skins of berries sorted according to their size and density. Extractions were performed under model wine‐like maceration conditions. Fresh skins had similar content of polymeric tannins, but strongly differed in their anthocyanin content (higher in Carignan and in the ripest berries) and composition (higher proportions in coumaroylated anthocyanins in Carignan). Anthocyanin extraction was proportionally much higher in Grenache, which was not just related to the Carignan's higher levels in coumaroylated anthocyanins. Chemical reactions decreased anthocyanin concentrations in solution for both varieties. Tannin extraction for Grenache was slightly higher and faster than for Carignan. Skin AISs differed slightly between the two varieties in their carbohydrate composition and protein content, but not between modalities. Polyphenol analyses in the precipitates evidenced at the end of the maceration and in residual skins highlighted differences between the two varieties and between berries with different ripeness.CONCLUSIONStructural information on the cell wall network and on its changes during maceration, along with a better understanding of the chemical reactions of anthocyanins and tannins, is needed to better relate grape and wine polyphenol composition. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of a flavonol‐rich antioxidant fraction from Spondias purpurea L. pulp and the effect of its incorporation on cellulose acetate‐based film
Authors: Vasconcelos Ludimilla Adorno , Reis Letícia Caribé Batista , Dias Êuder Reis , Camilloto Geany Peruch , Branco Alexsandro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDActive packaging containing natural flavonoid has recently emerged as a result of its potential to inhibit the oxidation of foods by interacting with it and/or its surrounding environment, with the aim of counteracting oxidation reactions and extending the shelf‐life of foods. The plant Spondias purpurea L. is widely found in northeastern Brazil and is known to contain bioactive flavonoids. The present study aimed to obtain a flavonoid‐rich fraction from the pulp of S. purpurea L. and incorporate it into the cellulose acetate film to obtain biodegradable films with antioxidant properties.RESULTSThe fractionation in SiO2 open‐column chromatography of the S. purpurea pulp crude extract furnished an antioxidant active fraction containing the flavonols quercetin 3‐O‐rutinoside and kaempferol 3‐O‐rutinoside as the major compounds. This active fraction was incorporated (10, 20 and 30 g kg−1) into the substance produced with the casting method for cellulose acetate films. The films produced were characterized concerning mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP) and antioxidant activity.CONCLUSIONThe incorporation of the active flavonoid fraction from S. purpurea in the cellulose acetate films decreases WVP and elongation at break, at the same time as increasing antioxidant activity, tensile strength and elastic modulus. Thus, the S. purpurea pulps may be an alternative as a source of antioxidants for use in cellulose acetate films. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method for the generation of external preference mapping using rapid sensometric techniques
Authors: Ramón‐Canul Lorena G , Margarito‐Carrizal Diana L , Limón‐Rivera Rogelio , Morales‐Carrrera Uriel A , Rodríguez‐Buenfil Ingrid M , Ramírez‐Sucre Manuel O , Cabal‐Prieto Adán , Herrera‐Corredor José A , de Jesús Ramírez‐Rivera Emmanuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundExternal preference mapping is a powerful tool to explain consumer preference or rejection. Combining the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) multicriteria analysis with rapid descriptive techniques can improve preference map (PREFMAP) results. This study was conducted to compare the PREFMAPs generated with rapid descriptive flash profile (FP), check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA), and Napping® versus PREFMAPs constructed with FP‐TOPSIS, CATA‐TOPSIS, and Napping‐TOPSIS.ResultsOnly 38.46%, 63.66%, and 42% of sensory attributes initially generated by FP, CATA, and Napping techniques respectively were considered for the determination of their weight W and allocation as positive or negative in the TOPSIS technique. The PREFMAPs constructed with FP‐TOPSIS, CATA‐TOPSIS, and Napping‐TOPSIS presented a better explanation of the preference and rejection than the PREFMAPs directly generated with rapid sensory techniques. The results of the multiple factor analysis and coefficient Rv indicated similarities in the sensory vocabularies used after the TOPSIS technique.ConclusionThe combination of the TOPSIS technique with rapid sensory techniques is a reliable alternative for the construction of PREFMAPs in order to identify the sensory attributes responsible for preference and rejection of food products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Genetic and biochemical characterization of thermophilic β‐cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from Gracilibacillus alcaliphilusSK51.001
Authors: Abdalla Mohammed , Hassanin Hinawi AM , Yao Xiaolin , Iqbal Muhammad W , Karrar Emad , Jiang Bo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDGracilibacillus alcaliphilus SK51.001, a strain that produces β‐CGTase (β‐cyclodextrin glucanotransferase) (EC 2.4.1.19), was screened and isolated from Sudanese soil. The objective of this study was to sequence and characterize the β‐CGTase gene from G. alcaliphilus SK51.001.RESULTSAccording to 16S rRNA analysis of the strain and its morphological shape, it was identified as G. alcaliphilus. The β‐CGTase gene was successfully cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. This gene showed 706 amino acid residues including 33 amino acids as a signal peptide. The active site residues of G. alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase were described using enzyme modeling and docking with the products. The estimated molecular mass of G. alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase was approximately 74 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and the evaluation of the gel filtration showed approximately 85 kDa, which means G. alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase is a monomer. The optimum temperature and pH of G. alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase were 60 °C and 7.0 respectively. Gracilibacillus alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase was comparatively stable at a pH levels between 6.0 and 9.0 and temperatures of 30–50 °C. The activity of G. alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase was increased by Ni2+, and Co2+ but inhibited by Al3+ and Fe3+. The kinetic parameters of Km and Vmax were 2068.52 μg mL−1 and 0.13 μmol mL−1 min−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONGracilibacillus alcaliphilus SK51.001CGTase could hydrolyze soluble starch into α‐, β‐, and γ‐cyclodextrin in a ratio of 2: 83: 15% respectively. This high ratio production of β‐CD could allow the enzyme to be used in β‐CD production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of acid value during edible oil storage using a portable NIR spectroscopy system combined with variable selection algorithms based on an MPA‐based strategy
Authors: Jiang Hui , He Yingchao , Chen Quansheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe acid value is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of edible oil during storage. This study employs a portable near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy system to determine the acid value during edible oil storage. Four MPA‐based variable selection methods, namely competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), the variable iterative space shrinkage approach (VISSA), iteratively variable subset optimization (IVSO), and bootstrapping soft shrinkage (BOSS) were introduced to optimize the preprocessed NIR spectra. Support vector machine (SVM) models based on characteristic spectra obtained by different selection methods were then established to achieve quantitative detection of the acid value during edible oil storage.RESULTSThe results revealed that, compared with the full‐spectrum SVM model, the SVM models established by the characteristic wavelengths optimized by the variable selection methods based on the MPA strategy exhibit a significant improvement in complexity and generalization performance. Furthermore, compared with the CARS, VISSA, and IVSO methods, the BOSS method obtained the least number of characteristic wavelength variables, and the SVM model established based on the optimized features of this method exhibited the optimal prediction performance. The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.11 mg g−1, the coefficient of determination (Rp2) was 0.92 and the ratio performance deviation (RPD) was 2.82, respectively.ConclusionThe overall results indicate that the variable selection methods based on the MPA strategy can select more targeted characteristic variables. This has good application prospects in NIR spectra feature optimization. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Microbiome‐metabolomic analyses of the impacts of dietary stachyose on fecal microbiota and metabolites in infants intestinal microbiota‐associated mice
Authors: Xi Menglu , Tang Haixia , Zhang Yan , Ge Wupeng , Chen Ying , Cui Xiuxiu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe intestinal microbiota and metabolites play an important role in human health and immunity. However, few studies have investigated the long‐term effects of stachyose on the human intestinal microbiota and metabolism. Therefore, in this study, the feces of infants were transplanted into germ‐free mice, and the effect of long‐term stachyose intake on intestinal metabolism was examined by comparing the results of microbiome and metabolome analyses. Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) was used to study the effects of stachyose intake on the metabolites and metabolic pathways of the transplanted human intestinal microbiota.RESULTSWe observed that stachyose significantly altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota and metabolites, up‐regulated production of the metabolite taurocholic acid, down‐regulated amino acid metabolism, and significantly regulated the metabolism of taurine and hydroxytaurine, pantothenate and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis, and other signaling pathways.CONCLUSIONThese findings may provide a basis for elucidating the mechanism by which stachyose promotes host health. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Improving robustness and accuracy of predicted daily methane emissions of dairy cows using milk mid‐infrared spectra
Authors: Vanlierde Amélie , Dehareng Frédéric , Gengler Nicolas , Froidmont Eric , McParland Sinead , Kreuzer Michael , Bell Matthew , Lund Peter , Martin Cécile , Kuhla Björn , Soyeurt Hélène 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDA robust proxy for estimating methane (CH4) emissions of individual dairy cows would be valuable especially for selective breeding. This study aimed to improve the robustness and accuracy of prediction models that estimate daily CH4emissions from milk Fourier transform mid‐infrared (FT‐MIR) spectra by (i) increasing the reference dataset and (ii) adjusting for routinely recorded phenotypic information. Prediction equations for CH4were developed using a combined dataset including daily CH4measurements (n= 1089; g d−1) collected using the SF6tracer technique (n= 513) and measurements using respiration chambers (RC,n= 576). Furthermore, in addition to the milk FT‐MIR spectra, the variables of milk yield (MY) on the test day, parity (P) and breed (B) of cows were included in the regression analysis as explanatory variables.RESULTSModels developed based on a combined RC and SF6dataset predicted the expected pattern in CH4values (in g d−1) during a lactation cycle, namely an increase during the first weeks after calving followed by a gradual decrease until the end of lactation. The model including MY, P and B information provided the best prediction results (cross‐validation statistics:R2= 0.68 and standard error = 57 g CH4d−1).CONCLUSIONSThe models developed accounted for more of the observed variability in CH4emissions than previously developed models and thus were considered more robust. This approach is suitable for large‐scale studies (e.g. animal genetic evaluation) where robustness is paramount for accurate predictions across a range of animal conditions. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The use of satellite and surface observations for initializing clouds in the HARMONIE NWP model
Authors: Gregow Erik , Lindfors Anders V. , van der Veen Siebe H. , Schoenach David , de Haan Siebren , Lindskog Magnus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe study tests and further develops a previously presented method for adjusting initial clouds in the HARMONIE mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. The method uses satellite‐observed cloud properties from the Nowcasting and very short range forecasting Satellite Application Facility (NWCSAF) together with ground‐based synoptic stations (SYNOP) observations, adjusting the humidity profile of the model based on the available cloud information with the overall aim to improve the forecast, in particular as regards clouds and solar radiation. A reference set‐up of the HARMONIE model is used as a baseline against which the cloud initialization experiments are compared. All HARMONIE experiments are run for July 2016, with a model run starting at 06Z each day. The HARMONIE outputs are compared with cloud fraction and solar radiation observations from ground‐based stations, while satellite cloud observations are also used for inspecting the behaviour of the forecasts. The performance of other generally used verification parameters is also studied. The results as regards clouds are encouraging. Symmetrical extremal dependence index (SEDI) skill scores show improvement in initial cloud conditions in 84% and 74% of the cases, when evaluated for cloud‐free (0–1 octas) and cloudy conditions (7–8 octas), respectively. The improvement lasts 2–4 hr into the forecast. Other parameters, however, show somewhat degraded skill as compared with the reference model run, while for solar radiation, the cloud initialization scheme exhibits somewhat ambiguous results. The distribution of solar radiation values is improved for relatively sunny conditions, while at the other end of the distribution, the cloud initialization scheme produces too many cases with relatively strongly attenuated radiation.
Technical Note: Design and commissioning of a water phantom for proton dosimetry in magnetic fields
Authors: Fuchs Hermann , Padilla‐Cabal Fatima , Hummel Andreas , Georg Dietmar 
Published: November 2020

PurposeTo design and commission a water phantom suitable for constrained environments and magnetic fields for magnetic resonance (MR)‐guided proton therapy.MethodsA phantom was designed, to enable precise, remote controlled detector positioning in water within the constrained environment of a magnet for MR‐guided proton therapy. The phantom consists of a PMMA enclosure whose outer dimensions of were chosen to optimize space usage inside the 13.5‐cm bore gap of the magnet. The moving mechanism is based on a low‐height H‐shaped non‐ferromagnetic belt drive, driven by stepper motors located outside of the magnetic field. The control system and the associated electronics were designed in house, with similar features as available in commercial water phantoms. Reproducibility as well as accuracy of the phantom positioning were tested using a high‐precision Leica AT 402 laser tracker. Laterally integrated depth dose curves and lateral beam profiles at three depths were acquired repeatedly for a 148.2 MeV proton beam in water.ResultsThe phantom was successfully operated with and without applied magnetic fields. For complex movements, a positioning uncertainty within 0.16 mm was found with an absolute accuracy typically below 0.3 mm. Laterally integrated depth dose curves agreed within 0.1 mm with data taken using a commercial water phantom. The lateral beam offset determined from beam profile measurements agreed well with data from Monte Carlo simulations.ConclusionThe phantom is optimally suited for detector positioning and dosimetric experiments within constrained environments in high magnetic fields.
MAD‐UNet: A deep U‐shaped network combined with an attention mechanism for pancreas segmentation in CT images
Authors: Li Weisheng , Qin Sheng , Li Feiyan , Wang Linhong 
Published: November 2020

PurposePancreas segmentation is a difficult task because of the high intrapatient variability in the shape, size, and location of the organ, as well as the low contrast and small footprint of the CT scan. At present, the U‐Net model is likely to lead to the problems of intraclass inconsistency and interclass indistinction in pancreas segmentation. To solve this problem, we improved the contextual and semantic feature information acquisition method of the biomedical image segmentation model (U‐Net) based on a convolutional network and proposed an improved segmentation model called the multiscale attention dense residual U‐shaped network (MAD‐UNet).MethodsThere are two aspects considered in this method. First, we adopted dense residual blocks and weighted binary cross‐entropy to enhance the semantic features to learn the details of the pancreas. Using such an approach can reduce the effects of intraclass inconsistency. Second, we used an attention mechanism and multiscale convolution to enrich the contextual information and suppress learning in unrelated areas. We let the model be more sensitive to pancreatic marginal information and reduced the impact of interclass indistinction.ResultsWe evaluated our model using fourfold cross‐validation on 82 abdominal enhanced three‐dimensional (3D) CT scans from the National Institutes of Health (NIH‐82) and 281 3D CT scans from the 2018 MICCAI segmentation decathlon challenge (MSD). The experimental results showed that our method achieved state‐of‐the‐art performance on the two pancreatic datasets. The mean Dice coefficients were 86.10% ± 3.52% and 88.50% ± 3.70%.ConclusionsOur model can effectively solve the problems of intraclass inconsistency and interclass indistinction in the segmentation of the pancreas, and it has value in clinical application. Code is available at https://github.com/Mrqins/pancreas‐segmentation.