bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring discharge destination following severe stroke
Authors: Teoh Wei Lin , Finch Emma 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground:Patients with severe stroke frequently present with substantial impairments but are often not prioritised for post-discharge rehabilitation. There is a need to determine where these patients are discharged to in order to facilitate appropriate allocation of post-discharge pathway resources.Aim:The present study aimed to describe the discharge pathways of patients with severe stroke and to identify predictors of discharge destination for these patients.Method:A descriptive, retrospective design was utilised to determine the discharge destination for 770 patients with severe stroke in Queensland, Australia. Binomial logistic regression was used to determine the variables that predicted discharge destination.Results:The results indicated that 58.44% of patients were discharged home (n= 450). Age, length of stay, discharge ward and geographical region emerged as significant predictors of discharge destination. The full model containing all predictors was statistically significant and, as a whole, explained 36.50% of the variance in discharge destination.Conclusion:These results highlight the importance of these variables in influencing the outcomes of patients with severe stroke, which may assist post-hospital discharge services in allocating resources for patients with severe stroke.
Bibliometrics approach to evaluating the research impact of CTSAs: A pilot study
Authors: Yu Fei , Van Allison Alicia , Patel Tanha , Mani Nandita , Carnegie Andrea , Corbie-Smith Giselle M. , Carey Timothy , Buse John , Dave Gaurav 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroduction:To enhance the performance evaluation of Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs, we examined the utility of advanced bibliometric measures that go beyond simple publication counts to demonstrate the impact of translational research output.Methods:The sampled data included North Carolina Translational and Clinical Science Institute (NC TraCS)-supported publications produced between September 2008 and March 2017. We adopted advanced bibliometric measures and a state-of-the-art bibliometric network analysis tool to assess research productivity, citation impact, the scope of research collaboration, and the clusters of research topics.Results:Totally, 754 NC TraCS-supported publications generated over 24,000 citation counts by April 2017 with an average of 33 cites per article. NC TraCS-supported research papers received more than twice as many cites per year as the average National Institute of Health-funded research publications from the same field and time. We identified the top productive researchers and their networks within the CTSA hub. Findings demonstrated the impact of NC TraCS in facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations within the CTSA hub and across the CTSA consortium and connecting researchers with right peers and organizations.Conclusion:Both improved bibliometrics measures and bibliometric network analysis can bring new perspectives to CTSA evaluation via citation influence and the scope of research collaborations.
Recovering Our Past: A Methodological Reflection
Authors: García David G. , Yosso Tara J. 
Published: April 2020

What process of change can come from a people who do not know who they are, or where they come from? If they do not know who they are, how can they know what they deserve to be?In 1976, after being imprisoned and forced into exile from his home country, Uruguay, Eduardo Galeano defiantly wrote “Defensa De La Palabra” (In Defense of the Word). In it, he argued that denying people access to their histories obstructs their vision of themselves as a people connected across time, and therefore restricts their ability to envision change for their future. He believed contributions to the revelation of the past depended on “the intensity level of the writer's responsiveness to his or her people—their roots, their vicissitudes, their destiny.” Forty-four years later, Galeano's reflections remain timely and methodologically instructive for those working at the nexus of history and education:Our authentic collective identity is born out of the past and nourished by it—our feet tread where others trod before us; the steps we take were prefigured—but this identity is not frozen in nostalgia. …We are what we do, especially what we do to change what we are: our identity resides in action and in struggle [emphasis in original].
Exposure to essential oils and ethanol vapors affect fecundity and survival of two frugivorous fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) pest species
Authors: Oviedo A. , Van Nieuwenhove G. , Van Nieuwenhove C. , Rull J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPlant-derived compounds can be an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic pesticide use for pest management. Essential oils (EOs) in several plant families have been found to be toxic to various pest species of insects through topical application, ingestion, and as fumigants. Previous studies revealed that, among various environmentally friendly insecticides, the EOs ofBaccharis dracunculifoliaandPinus elliottiiand an ethanol extract ofSolanum granulosoleprosumplusRicinus communis, were toxic toCeratitis capitataandAnastrepha fraterculus(Diptera: Tephritidae) when applied topically to pupae or when ingested by adults. Here, we aimed to examine the potentially toxic effects of these plant-derived compounds when these two pestiferous fruit fly species were exposed to their vapors. We also examined their fumigant effect on female fecundity and fertility and compared it with water and ethanol controls. Exposure ofC. capitataandA. fraterculussexually mature adults to volatiles and vapors of bothB. dracunculifoliaandP. elliottiiEOs resulted in lower longevity (half-life), survivorship, and female fecundity than the water vapor control. Toxicity ofC. capitatawas greater forP. elliottiithan forB. dracunculifoliawhile the reverse was true forA. fraterculus.Exposure to vapors ofS. granulosoleprosum + R. communis(S + R) had no effect on longevity but reduced survivorship of adults of both species. Interestingly, exposure to vapors of S + R, 50% (v/v) and pure ethanol resulted in greater fecundity of females of both frugivorous fly species than the water control. By contrast, fertility (% egg hatch) was in all cases high (>85%) and not different than the water control. Exposure to ethanol vapors appears to have similar effects on frugivorous tephritids as those reported on saprophagous and frugivorous species ofDrosophila, a novel finding that may have important practical implications.
Appraisal of the Nigerian Credit Reporting Act 2017
Authors: Monye Felicia Nwanne , Nwafor Ndubuisi , Mukoro Benjamin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCredit reporting is the act of gathering information about the behaviour of borrowers and making such information available whenever a decision is to be made regarding a borrower's application for new credit. Following the introduction of credit bureaux in Nigeria in 2007, in 2017 the federal legislature enacted the Credit Reporting Act, creating a legal framework for the implementation of credit reporting and codifying global best practices adhered to in the practice and administration of credit reporting. This article examines the act in the light of its objectives and attempts to determine whether the legal framework it provides is conducive to the achievement of these objectives. It also considers the factors that might militate against the effective running of a credit reporting system in Nigeria and suggests measures to deal with these challenges.
Effect of nutrition plane on meat quail kept in thermoneutral environment: performance and carcass characteristics
Authors: Saraiva Edilson Paes , da Silva José Humberto Vilar , Costa Fernando Guilherme Perazzo , dos Santos Nátali Rodrigues , Fonsêca Vinícius de França Carvalho , dos Santos Severino Guilherme Caetano Gonçalves , Cavalcante Danilo Teixeira , Magalhães Tamires da Silva , dos Santos José Danrley Cavalcante 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of protein reduction, with or without the supplementation of limiting amino acids, on the performance and carcass characteristics of meat quails from 22 to 42 days of age in a thermoneutral environment. A total of 324 European quails were randomly allocated into nine diets. The diets were formulated based on the recommended requirement (control) and were differentiated according to crude protein (CP) reduction levels into moderate reduction (10%) and severe reduction (20%). The diets were supplemented or not with limiting amino acids. The diets with severe and moderate protein reduction meeting the methionine + cystine, lysine and threonine requirements led to weight gain equivalent to that of the control quails. The diet with a moderate reduction in CP, with or without meeting the methionine + cystine requirement or meeting the methionine + cystine and lysine requirement, led to the greatest carcass yield and a greater leg weight and were similar to the control treatment. It is observed that supplementation with the crystalline sources of the amino acids is able to improve the performance of the quails, in addition, the attendance of methionine + cystine requirement important factor when the CP levels are reduced. In our studies, diets with 17.5% CP and supplemented with methionine + cystine, lysine and threonine meet the requirements of quails, thus generating a limiting amino acid requirement, so they are recommended for meat quails from 22 to 42 days old housed in thermoneutral environment.
Development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) diagnostic test for detection of whipworm, Trichuris trichiura, in faecal samples
Authors: Ngari M.G. , Mwangi I.N. , Njoroge M.P. , Kinyua J. , Osuna F.A. , Kimeu B.M. , Okanya P.W. , Agola E.L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Whipworm infection or trichuriasis caused by Trichuris trichiura is of major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among pre-school and school-going children. It is among the neglected tropical diseases targeted for elimination through mass drug administration (MDA). One of the outcomes of MDA is a rapid decline in levels of infection intensity, making it difficult to monitor effectiveness of control measures using the conventional Kato–Katz procedure, which relies on the microscopic detection of parasite ova in faecal samples. In the present study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) test was developed for the detection of T. trichiura infection in faecal samples. LAMP technology offers greater sensitivity and specificity than the microscopy-based tests. A set of four specific primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 region of the ribosomal DNA were designed using Primer Explorer software. DNA was extracted from faecal samples using the alkaline lysis method (HotSHOT) and the LAMP reaction performed at 63°C for 1 h. The amplicons were visualized by both gel electrophoresis and with the naked eye following staining with SYBR green dye. Sensitivity and specificity tests were determined using the standard Kato–Katz diagnostic procedure as a reference test. The developed LAMP assay reliably detected T. trichiura DNA in faecal samples, with a specificity and sensitivity of 88% and 77%, respectively. No cross-reactivity was observed with several common helminth parasites. The developed LAMP assay is an appropriate diagnostic method for the detection of T. trichiura DNA in human faecal samples due to its simplicity, low cost, high sensitivity and specificity.
Global Characteristics of Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Poison Use in Terrorist Attacks
Authors: Aydin Burc 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground:Chemical, biological, and radiological (CBR) terrorism continues to be a global threat. Studies examining global and historical toxicological characteristics of CBR terrorism are lacking.Methods:Global Terrorism Database (GTD) and RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents (RDWTI) were searched for CBR terrorist attacks from 1970 through 2017. Events fulfilling terrorism and poisoning definitions were included. Variables of event date and location, event realization, poisonous agent type, poisoning agent, exposure route, targets, connected events, additional means of harm, disguise methods, poisonings, and casualties were analyzed along with time trends and data gaps.Results:A total of 446 events of CBR terrorism were included from all world regions. A trend for increased number of events over time was observed (R2 = 0.727; coefficient = 0.511). In these attacks, 4,093 people lost their lives and 31,903 were injured. Chemicals were the most commonly used type of poison (63.5%). The most commonly used poisonous agents were acids (12.3%), chlorine or chlorine compounds (11.2%), riot control agents (10.8%), cyanides (5.8%), and Bacillus anthracis (4.9%). Occurrence of poisoning was confirmed in 208 events (46.6%). Most common exposure routes were skin, mucosa, or eye (57.2%) and inhalation (47.5%). Poison was delivered with additional means of harm in 151 events (33.9%) and in a disguised way in 214 events (48.0%), respectively.Conclusions:This study showed that CBR terrorism is an on-going and increasingly recorded global threat involving diverse groups of poisons with additional harmful mechanisms and disguise. Industrial chemicals were used in chemical attacks. Vigilance and preparedness are needed for future CBR threats.
Exploring the association between food insecurity and food skills among school-aged children
Authors: Blanchet Rosanne , Loewen Olivia K , Godrich Stephanie L , Willows Noreen , Veugelers Paul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:To examine the relationship between household food insecurity (FI) and children’s involvement in family meal choices and food preparation, used as proxies for children’s food skills, and to explore gender differences within these associations.Design:Households were classified as food-secure or food-insecure using the six-item, short-form Household Food Security Survey Module. Children’s involvement in family meal choices and food preparation were treated as proxies for children’s food skills. Mixed-effects multinomial logistic regression models were used.Setting:Public schools in Nova Scotia, Canada.Participants:5244 children in the fifth grade (10–11 years old) participating in the Children’s Lifestyle and School Performance Study (CLASS).Results:Most children reported being involved in family meal choices or food preparation at least weekly (74 and 68 %). The likelihood of helping choose family meals once a week was 33 % lower among girls from food-insecure households compared to girls from food-secure households. No differences in boys’ involvement in family meal choices were observed according to household FI status. Boys from food-insecure households were 65 % more likely than boys from food-secure households to assist with food preparation/cooking four times per week. No differences in girls’ involvement in food preparation were observed according to household FI status.Conclusions:Findings support that household FI is not due to a lack of food skills but most likely due to inadequate access to resources. This supports the call for upstream policies targeting the structural issues underpinning household FI such as low income.
AN UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE FOR SOLUTIONS OF THE SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION ON -TYPE GROUPS
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ-BERTOLIN AINGERU , JAMING PHILIPPE , PÉREZ-ESTEVA SALVADOR 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper we consider uncertainty principles for solutions of certain partial differential equations on$H$-type groups. We first prove that, on$H$-type groups, the heat kernel is an average of Gaussians in the central variable, so that it does not satisfy a certain reformulation of Hardy’s uncertainty principle. We then prove the analogue of Hardy’s uncertainty principle for solutions of the Schrödinger equation with potential on$H$-type groups. This extends the free case considered by Ben Saïdet al. [‘Uniqueness of solutions to Schrödinger equations on H-type groups’,J. Aust. Math. Soc. (3)95(2013), 297–314] and by Ludwig and Müller [‘Uniqueness of solutions to Schrödinger equations on 2-step nilpotent Lie groups’,Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.142(2014), 2101–2118].
Efficient generation of relativistic near-single-cycle mid-infrared pulses in plasmas
Authors: Zhu Xing-Long , Weng Su-Ming , Chen Min , Sheng Zheng-Ming , Zhang Jie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUltrashort intense optical pulses in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region are very important for broad applications ranging from super-resolution spectroscopy to attosecond X-ray pulse generation and particle acceleration. However, currently, it is still difficult to produce few-cycle mid-IR pulses of relativistic intensities using standard optical techniques. Here, we propose and numerically demonstrate a novel scheme to produce these mid-IR pulses based on laser-driven plasma optical modulation. In this scheme, a plasma wake is first excited by an intense drive laser pulse in an underdense plasma, and a signal laser pulse initially at the same wavelength (1 micron) as that of the drive laser is subsequently injected into the plasma wake. The signal pulse is converted to a relativistic multi-millijoule near-single-cycle mid-IR pulse with a central wavelength of ~5 microns via frequency-downshifting, where the energy conversion efficiency is as high as approximately 30% when the drive and signal laser pulses are both at a few tens of millijoules at the beginning. Our scheme can be realized with terawatt-class kHz laser systems, which may bring new opportunities in high-field physics and ultrafast science.
Chemotherapy exacerbates ovarian cancer cell migration and cancer stem cell-like characteristics through GLI1
Authors: Zhao Yawei , He Meihui , Cui Lianzhi , Gao Mohan , Zhang Min , Yue Fengli , Shi Tongfei , Yang Xuehan , Pan Yue , Zheng Xiao , Jia Yong , Shao Dan , Li Jing , He Kan , Chen Li 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite the great clinical response to the first-line chemotherapeutics, metastasis still happens among most of the ovarian cancer patients within 2 years.

Methods
Using multiple human ovarian cancer cell lines, a transwell co-culture system of the carboplatin or VP-16-challenged feeder and receptor cells was established to demonstrate the chemotherapy-exacerbated migration. The migration and cancer stem cell (CSC)-like characteristics were determined by wound healing, transwell migration, flow cytometry and sphere formation. mRNA and protein expression were identified by qPCR and western blot. Bioinformatics analysis was used to investigate the differentially expressed genes. GLI1 expression in tissue samples was analysed by immunohistochemistry.

Results
Chemotherapy was found to not only kill tumour cells, but also trigger the induction of CSC-like traits and the migration of ovarian cancer cells. EMT markers Vimentin and Snail in receptor cells were upregulated in the microenvironment of chemotherapy-challenged feeder cells. The transcription factor GLI1 was upregulated by chemotherapy in both clinical samples and cell lines. Follow-up functional experiments illustrated that inhibiting GLI1 reversed the chemotherapy-exacerbated CSC-like traits, including CD44 and CD133, as well as prevented the migration of ovarian cancer cells.

Conclusions
Targeting GLI1 may improve clinical benefits in the chemotherapy-exacerbated metastasis in ovarian cancer treatment.
Binder- and conductive additive-free laser-induced graphene/LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 for advanced hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Lee Seung-Hwan , Kim Ki-Yong , Yoon Jung-Rag 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHybrid supercapacitors have recently emerged as next-generation energy storage devices that bridge the gap between supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries. However, developing high energy cathodes that maintain long-term cycle stability and a high rate capability for real applications remains a significantly challenging issue. Herein, we report a facile synthesis method for a laser-scribed graphene/LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (LSG/NMC) composite for high energy cathode materials for use in hybrid supercapacitors. LSG/NMC composites exhibit not only a high capacitance of up to 141.5 F/g but also an excellent capacitance retention of 98.1% after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 5.0 A/g. The introduction of an NMC spacer between the LSG layers provides an enlarged interspace that can act as an efficient channel for additional storage sites and rapid access. In addition, we further confirmed that hybrid supercapacitors using LSG/NMC cathodes and H2T12O25 anodes with an AlPO4/carbon hybrid coating layer (H-HTO) deliver a remarkable energy density of ~123.5 Wh/kg, power density of ~14074.8 W/kg, and a long-term cycle stability of 94.6% after 20,000 cycles. This work demonstrates that our proposed material can be considered a strong cathode candidate for next-generation hybrid supercapacitors.
Spider-silk inspired polymeric networks by harnessing the mechanical potential of β-sheets through network guided assembly
Authors: Chan Nicholas Jun-An , Gu Dunyin , Tan Shereen , Fu Qiang , Pattison Thomas Geoffrey , O’Connor Andrea J. , Qiao Greg G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe high toughness of natural spider-silk is attributed to their unique β-sheet secondary structures. However, the preparation of mechanically strong β-sheet rich materials remains a significant challenge due to challenges involved in processing the polymers/proteins, and managing the assembly of the hydrophobic residues. Inspired by spider-silk, our approach effectively utilizes the superior mechanical toughness and stability afforded by localised β-sheet domains within an amorphous network. Using a grafting-from polymerisation approach within an amorphous hydrophilic network allows for spatially controlled growth of poly(valine) and poly(valine-r-glycine) as β-sheet forming polypeptides via N-carboxyanhydride ring opening polymerisation. The resulting continuous β-sheet nanocrystal network exhibits improved compressive strength and stiffness over the initial network lacking β-sheets of up to 30 MPa (300 times greater than the initial network) and 6 MPa (100 times greater than the initial network) respectively. The network demonstrates improved resistance to strong acid, base and protein denaturants over 28 days.
Social media usage reveals recovery of small businesses after natural hazard events
Authors: Eyre Robert , De Luca Flavia , Simini Filippo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe challenge of nowcasting the effect of natural hazard events (e.g., earthquakes, floods, hurricanes) on assets, people and society is of primary importance for assessing the ability of such systems to recover from extreme events. Traditional recovery estimates, such as surveys and interviews, are usually costly, time consuming and do not scale. Here we present a methodology to indirectly estimate the post-emergency recovery status (downtime) of small businesses in urban areas looking at their online posting activity on social media. Analysing the time series of posts before and after an event, we quantify the downtime of small businesses for three natural hazard events occurred in Nepal, Puerto Rico and Mexico. A convenient and reliable method for nowcasting the post-emergency recovery status of economic activities could help local governments and decision makers to better target their interventions and distribute the available resources more effectively.