bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of energy homeostasis and stress by parvocellular neurons in rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus
Authors: Melnick Igor , Krishtal Oleg A. , Colmers William F. 
Published: January 2020

Key points
Central regulation of energy homeostasis and stress are believed to be reciprocally regulated, i.e. excessive food intake suppresses, while prolonged hunger exacerbates, stress responses in vivo.
This relationship may be mediated by neuroendocrine parvocellular corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus that receive both stress‐ and feeding‐related input.
We find that hunger strongly and selectively potentiates, while re‐feeding suppresses, a cellular analogue of a stress response induced by acute glucopenia in CRH neurons in rat hypothalamic slices.
Neuronal activation in response to glucopenia was mediated synaptically, via the relative enhancement of glutamate over GABA input.
These results illustrate how acute stress responses may be initiated in vivo and show that it is reciprocally integrated with energy balance via local hypothalamic mechanisms acting at the level of CRH neurons and their afferent terminals.
AbstractIncreased food intake is a common response to help cope with stress, implying the existence of a previously postulated but imperfectly understood, inverse relationship between the regulation of feeding and stress. We have identified components of the neural circuitry that can integrate these homeostatic responses. Prior fasting (∼24 h) potentiates, and re‐feeding suppresses, excitatory responses to acute glucopenia in about half of the corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)‐expressing, putatively neurosecretory, stress‐related neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus studied. Glucoprivation stress ex vivo resulted from a preferential relative increase in excitatory (glutamatergic) over inhibitory (GABAergic) inputs. Putative preautonomic cells were less sensitive to fasting, and showed a predominant inhibition to acute glucopenia. We conclude that hunger may sensitize hypothalamic stress responses by acting via local mechanisms, at the level of CRH neurons and their presynaptic inputs. Those mechanisms involve neither presynaptic ATP‐sensitive potassium channels nor postsynaptic ATP levels.
Optimization of Pipe Insulation Volume for a Subsea Production System
Authors: Hong Cheng , Wang Yuxi , Yang Jiankun , Estefen Segen F. , Lourenço Marcelo Igor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe increasing of deepwater oil field developments brings a growing need for thermal management to prevent hydrate and wax formations in the subsea production system, due to the low environment temperature and long-distance transportation. Pipeline insulation coating is a typical strategy for thermal management. In a subsea production system, pressure, temperature, flowrate, and length of each flowline vary, leading to different thermal performances of the transported fluid. Therefore, the insulation coating should be carefully designed from the overall perspective to minimize the total material volume, thus reducing the cost. In this paper, an optimization model for the insulation material volume of a rigid subsea flowline system is proposed. Then, the best insulation thickness of each subsea flowline can be determined under given flow parameters and temperature requirements. The factor that defines the temperature drop from the riser base to the top termination is introduced and analyzed. There is a proper temperature drop factor associated with the insulation material volume for subsea flowlines, as well as a proper insulation capacity for the risers. This optimization model can define the subsea system insulation and provide reliable results for cost estimation.
Mechanics of Buckled Kirigami Membranes for Stretchable Interconnects in Island-Bridge Structures
Authors: Tang Ruitao , Fu Haoran 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Island-bridge structures incorporated with kirigami membranes emerge as a novel design strategy for flexible/stretchable electronics, taking advantages of large stretchability, high-surface filling ratio and low resistance. However, it is hard to determine the mechanical properties of this design due to its complex geometries and nonlinear deformation configuration, thereby limiting its further applications. In this paper, we present a model for the postbuckling behavior of kirigami membranes through a combination of theoretical modeling, finite element analysis, and experiments. Scaling laws for elastic stretchability are developed, showing good agreement with numerical results and experimental images. Investigations on the critical height of post array are conducted to ensure the boundary condition of the kirigami membranes in the analytical model. These results can serve as design guidelines for kirigami structures and facilitate their applications in flexible/stretchable electronics.
Effects of Residual Stress on the Hardness of Elastoplastic Material Under Spherical Indentation
Authors: Yuan Lingxiao , Yuan Weike , Wang Gangfeng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Residual stress can strongly affect the mechanical behaviors of engineering components. In this work, the authors revisit the role of equi-biaxial residual stress in the spherical indentation of elastoplastic solids by the finite element method. When specified residual stress remains in the body, the material hardness and the corresponding indentation depth at the inception of fully plastic deformation are examined for the first time. It is found that the hardness is remarkably dependent on the value of residual stress, especially for materials with a relatively small ratio of modulus to yield strength. Based on the dimensional analysis as well as numerical calculations, explicit expressions of the hardness and the critical indentation depth are generalized with respect to residual stress, indentation modulus, and yield strength. These results can be employed in the analysis and determination of residual stress by spherical indentation tests.
Combined Enhancement Techniques on Double Tube Heat Exchanger Using Nanofluid and Helicoid Tube Shape
Authors: Alhendal Yousef , Gomaa Abdalla , Abdelmagied Mahmoud 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The thermofluid characteristics of Al2O3–water nanofluid in the annulus of double-helical coiled tubes were experimentally and numerically carried out. The purpose was to investigate the effect of combined enhancement techniques of nanofluid and helicoid tube shape on the performance of a double tube heat exchanger. The effects of concentration of nanoparticles, Reynolds number, coil curvature ratio, and flow arrangement through the annulus of double-helical coiled tube were the main points of interest. Three coiled tube heat exchangers were manufactured and experimentally tested to study the design parameters on the performance of such a heat exchanger. A three-dimensional numerical computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was developed to get additional insights on the thermal performance of double helically coiled tubes with nanofluid on a level of details not always available in experiments. It was found that the Al2O3–water nanofluid achieved an enhancement by 32% on the overall heat transfer coefficient. The heat exchanger effectiveness, heat transfer per unit pumping power, and the Nusselt number were also presented for different design parameters.
Optimal Layout Design of a Liquefied Natural Gas FPSO: A Case Study
Authors: Lee Sang-Hyun , Roh Myung-Il , Oh Min-Jae , Kim Ki-Su 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An liquefied natural gas (LNG) FPSO is a floating, production, storage, and offloading facility with a LNG plant, including all ancillary facilities. In contrast to commercial vessels, the various parts of the process are located topside and are distributed as modules that are installed on the deck. The design of an LNG FPSO requires many considerations such as international codes and standards, the owner's requirements, and the operation and maintenance philosophy. To resolve the many considerations in FPSO design, we proposed an optimization method for the topside arrangement in the previous study. Based on the previous study, an integrated optimization technique for an LNG FPSO is proposed to obtain the optimal principle dimensions, the arrangement of the hull tanks, and the layout of the topside modules and equipment that satisfies many requirements for not only the topside but also the hull. As a case study, the topside and hull layout of an LNG FPSO is optimized in terms of safety, economics, and stability. The case study shows that the proposed method can develop the optimal layout design of an LNG FPSO.
Frictional Study of a High-Speed Helical Gear Pair Using Computational and Experimental Thermo-Elastic Analyses
Authors: Dobiáš Jiří , Hrubý Jan , Kordík Jozef , Pták Svatopluk , Masák Jan , Joch Jaroslav 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The paper is concerned with frictional study of a high-speed lubricated helical gear pair. The objectives were numerical evaluations of temperature and stress fields of the gear pair and the analysis of their frictional interaction in terms of the coefficient of friction. The problem was also investigated experimentally by temperature measurements at several points of a tooth. We developed an algorithm of numerical modeling based on an iterative scheme generating a sequence of approximate solutions to the temperature and stress fields till attainment of convergence of the numerically obtained and measured temperatures. Since the coefficient of friction significantly affected the frictional heat flux and thereby the temperature fields, it was used as a calibration parameter of the numerical model. Its magnitude was updated from an initial value until the one the process reached convergence with. The outcomes of the study include the temperature and stress fields, the magnitude of the coefficient of friction, and the frictional heat flux distribution.
Mapping Raindrop Erosion of GFRP Composite Wind Turbine Blade Materials: Perspectives on Degradation Effects in Offshore and Acid Rain Environmental Conditions
Authors: Rasool Ghulam , Middleton Anna C. , Stack Margaret M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Climate change is rapidly forcing the world to create renewable energy that is capable of sustaining future energy requirements globally. The generation of renewable energy at a comparatively lower cost is a major challenge for this industry. Unforeseen weather conditions and environments such as offshore conditions or involving acid rain have a significant effect on the degradation of structural materials of renewable energy devices. For the investigation of droplet erosion behavior of the advanced material for the wind turbine blades, experimental work was carried out on a glass fiber-reinforced epoxy (GFRE) composite in different environments. A whirling arm rig was used for this experimental work in a laboratory-simulated rainfall conditions at a constant tip speed of the rotor blade. Three types of rainwater were used for a range of angles of attack from 15 to 90 deg in an increment of 15 deg. Erosive wear maps have been constructed to show the weather, location, environment, and raindrop erosion effects on the degradation of the wind turbine blade material. This map predicts that erosion in saline and acidic rain conditions acts synergistically on the blade material, which results in delamination between the fiber layers, pit formation, and development of micro stresses leading to loss of adhesion of reinforcement fibers.
Tribological Studies of Epoxy Composites With UHMWPE and MoS2 Fillers Coated on Bearing Steel: Dry Interface and Grease Lubrication
Authors: Singh Neha , Sinha Sujeet K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Epoxy with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and MoS2 fillers was coated on a bearing steel (SAE 52100). Frictional and wear properties of the coated samples in sliding contact were investigated on a pin-on-disc tribometer under a normal load of 10 N and a linear sliding speed of 1 m/s against a bearing steel ball. The optimized coating composition (72 wt% Epoxy + 7 wt% hardener + 18 wt% UHMWPE + 3 wt% MoS2) showed highly improved tribological properties compared to pure epoxy and other epoxy-based composites. There was 75% reduction in the coefficient of friction (COF) in the dry interfacial condition (COF reduced from 0.2 to 0.05) over pure epoxy and 80% reduction with grease as the lubricant. The specific wear-rate of the composite was lower by five orders of magnitude over that of pure epoxy. Other mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, and Young's modulus of the composite showed increments of 86%, 121%, and 43%, respectively, with respect to those of pure epoxy. 2–3 wt% of MoS2 had drastic effects on improving strength and reducing friction and wear of the composites. For dry sliding, initial abrasive and adhesive wear mechanisms led to transfer film formation on the steel counterface, and the shearing was mainly within the transfer film. For the grease-lubricated case, a thin layer of grease helped in easy shearing, and the transfer film formation was avoided. This epoxy-based composite will have applications as tribological coatings for journal bearings.
Erosion Model for Brittle Materials Under Low-Speed Impacts
Authors: Wang Zhen-Ting 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe erosion of perfectly brittle materials under low-speed impacts is studied by the combination of the Hertzian contact theory and the maximum stress criterion. It is found that the fractional erosion per impact is proportional to the product of the square root of the yield strain and the ratio of the kinetic energy per volume of the impacting body to the critical strain energy density of the target. The novel formula is conceptually extended to the erosion of cracked brittle materials.
Analytical Prediction and Experimental Investigation of Burnishing Force in Rotary Ultrasonic Roller Burnishing Titanium Alloy Ti–6Al–4V
Authors: Zhao Jian , Liu Zhanqiang , Wang Bing , Cai Yukui , Song Qinghua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Ultrasonic burnishing is usually applied to make machined surface modification. The acoustic softening effect caused by ultrasonic vibration is beneficial to the machining of difficult-to-cut materials. In the present work, a burnishing force prediction model was proposed for rotary ultrasonic burnishing of titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V, whose surface had been machined with the face milling process. Firstly, the contact between the burnishing roller and one single milling mark was analyzed with plane strain assumption based on the Boussinesq–Flamant contact problem. Then, the effect of ultrasonic softening on the yield stress of Ti–6Al–4V was investigated. The critical contact width and contact load that the burnishing roller crushed on one single milling mark were examined to confirm the feasibility of the proposed ultrasonic burnishing force prediction model. The experimental verifications were carried out at various ultrasonic powers. The burnishing forces from experiment measurements were consistent with the calculated results from the proposed model. The mean deviations between theoretical and experimental results of the ultrasonic burnishing force were 10.4%, 12.2%, and 15.2%, corresponding to the ultrasonic power at the level of 41 W, 158 W, and 354 W, respectively.
Leveraging Event Participation Benefits Beyond the Running Course: Deciphering the Motivational Basis of Event Satisfaction
Authors: Du James , Kennedy Heather , James Jeffrey D. , Funk Daniel C. 
Published: January 2020

To combat the declining number of finishers plaguing the distance-running industry, it is increasingly important for organizers to optimize event satisfaction levels. Participants’ survey responses from two distance-running events (n1 = 2,324 and n2 = 2,526) were analyzed to challenge the traditional managerial scope and theoretical lens through which event satisfaction is conventionally examined. Results revealed five event benefits that capture key motivational antecedents of event satisfaction. Collectively, these benefits, including euphoric, fitness, competition, social, and entertainment benefits, influenced event satisfaction levels (R2 = 43%) and repeat consumption intentions (R2 = 23%). For event organizers to foster event satisfaction, it is central to encourage event preparation and participation that promotes the enjoyment of physical activity, fitness and appearance enhancement, socialization, competition, and excitement among registrants. Academics should also extend their scope of event satisfaction to fully capture the entirety of event experience lifecycles (e.g., from registration through event participation).
Change of sign in the Casimir interaction of peptide films deposited on a dielectric substrate
Authors: Velichko E. N. , Baranov M. A. , Mostepanenko V. M. 
Published: January 2020

The Casimir free energy and pressure of thin peptide films deposited on a dielectric substrate are investigated in the region of parameters where they change their sign. Numerical computations are performed for a modelled peptide film on a silica glass plate. The Casimir free energy is computed at room temperature as a function of the film thickness and the fraction of water contained in the film. It is shown that the values of the Casimir pressure change from negative to positive when the film thickness decreases to below some value in the region from 115 to 133 nm depending on the fraction of water in the film. Possible applications of the obtained results to the problem of stability of peptide coatings are discussed.
Influence of mass transport deposit (MTD) surface topography on deep-water deposition: an example from a predominantly fine-grained continental margin, New Zealand
Authors: Bull Suzanne , Browne Greg H. , Arnot Malcolm J. , Strachan Lorna J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) seismic data reveal the complex interplay between the surface topography of a
c.
4405 km
3
mass transport deposit (MTD) and overlying sedimentary packages over approximately the last two million years. The data image part of the Pleistocene to recent shelf to slope to basin-floor Giant Foresets Formation in offshore western New Zealand. The MTD created substantive topographic relief and rugosity at the contemporaneous seabed, formed by the presence of a shallow basal detachment surface, and very large (up to 200 m high) intact slide blocks, respectively. Sediments were initially deflected away from high-relief MTD topography and confined in low areas. With time, the MTD was progressively healed by a series of broadly offset-stacked and increasingly unconfined packages comprised of many channel bodies and their distributary complexes. Positive topography formed by the channels and their distributary complexes further modified the seafloor and influenced the location of subsequent sediment deposition. Channel sinuosity increased over time, interpreted as the result of topographic healing and reduced seafloor gradients. The rate of sediment supply is likely to have been non-uniform, reflecting tectonic pulses across the region. Sediments were routed into deep water via slope-confined channels that originated shortly before emplacement of the MTD.
Multiparticle Production and Initial Quasitemperature from Proton-Induced Carbon Collisions at pLab=31 GeV/c
Authors: Yang Pei-Pin , Duan Mai-Ying , Liu Fu-Hu , Sahoo Raghunath 
Published: January 2020

The momentum spectra of charged pions (π+ and π−) and kaons (K+ and K−), as well as protons (p), produced in the beam proton-induced collisions in a 90 cm long graphite target (proton-carbon (p-C) collisions) at the beam momentum pLab=31 GeV/c are studied in the framework of a multisource thermal model by using Boltzmann distribution and the Monte Carlo method. The theoretical model results are approximately in agreement with the experimental data measured by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration. The related free parameters (effective temperature, rapidity shifts, and fraction of nonleading protons) and derived quantities (average transverse momentum and initial quasitemperature) under given experimental conditions are obtained. The considered free parameters and derived quantities are shown to be strongly dependent on the emission angle over a range from 0 to 380 mrad and weakly dependent on longitudinal position (graphite target thickness) over a range from 0 to 90 cm.
Adenosine Signaling Is Prognostic for Cancer Outcome and Has Predictive Utility for Immunotherapeutic Response
Authors: Sidders Ben , Zhang Pei , Goodwin Kelly , O'Connor Greg , Russell Deanna L. , Borodovsky Alexandra , Armenia Joshua , McEwen Robert , Linghu Bolan , Bendell Johanna C. , Bauer Todd M. , Patel Manish R. , Falchook Gerald S. , Merchant Melinda , Pouliot Gayle , Barrett J. Carl , Dry Jonathan R. , Woessner Rich , Sachsenmeier Kris 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurpose:There are several agents in early clinical trials targeting components of the adenosine pathway including A2AR and CD73. The identification of cancers with a significant adenosine drive is critical to understand the potential for these molecules. However, it is challenging to measure tumor adenosine levels at scale, thus novel, clinically tractable biomarkers are needed.Experimental Design:We generated a gene expression signature for the adenosine signaling using regulatory networks derived from the literature and validated this in patients. We applied the signature to large cohorts of disease from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and cohorts of immune checkpoint inhibitor–treated patients.Results:The signature captures baseline adenosine levels in vivo (r2 = 0.92, P = 0.018), is reduced after small-molecule inhibition of A2AR in mice (r2 = −0.62, P = 0.001) and humans (reduction in 5 of 7 patients, 70%), and is abrogated after A2AR knockout. Analysis of TCGA confirms a negative association between adenosine and overall survival (OS, HR = 0.6, P &lt; 2.2e–16) as well as progression-free survival (PFS, HR = 0.77, P = 0.0000006). Further, adenosine signaling is associated with reduced OS (HR = 0.47, P &lt; 2.2e–16) and PFS (HR = 0.65, P = 0.0000002) in CD8+ T-cell–infiltrated tumors. Mutation of TGFβ superfamily members is associated with enhanced adenosine signaling and worse OS (HR = 0.43, P &lt; 2.2e–16). Finally, adenosine signaling is associated with reduced efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy in published cohorts (HR = 0.29, P = 0.00012).Conclusions:These data support the adenosine pathway as a mediator of a successful antitumor immune response, demonstrate the prognostic potential of the signature for immunotherapy, and inform patient selection strategies for adenosine pathway modulators currently in development.