bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiome of the larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from maize plants
Authors: Ugwu Juliana Amaka , Liu Mengxia , Sun Hui , Asiegbu Fred O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is an invasive insect pest with a diverse host range threatening food security in the African continent by causing severe economic damage to staple maize crop. FAW like all other insects are associated with various microbiota that influence their several characteristics and activities. The microbiota of insects plays important roles in their growth, development and environmental adaptation to their host plants or animals and not much is known about microbiota of FAW in Nigeria. In this study, the microbial community of FAW larvae from maize plants in Nigeria was investigated using Illumina PE250 NovaSeq of 16S rRNA V3‐V4 gene region. A total of 1,160,133 sequence reads that ranged from 83,794 to 145,475 were obtained. They span through 2 kingdoms: bacteria (99.59%) and archaea (0.37%), 37 phyla, 59 classes, 78 orders, 145 families and 285 genera. The dominant taxonomic group of bacteria across the larval samples were Proteobacteria (58.32%), Firmicutes (35.87%) and Bacteroidetes (4.02%). There were no significant differences in bacteria species diversity and richness among the individual fall armyworm larva and samples from different geographical regions. The relative abundance of Bacteria phyla and classes also showed no significant differences among the larval samples. Significant differences were documented in bacteria orders Acidobacteriales and Aeromonadales, family Acidobacteriaceae_ (Subgroup_1) and genera Novosphingobium and Pedobacter. The results indicate that the gut of FAW larvae harbours a diverse set of bacteria and archaea biota. Understanding their ecological and functional relevance would provide novel insight on potential approaches for their exploitation in the integrated management of FAW in the tropics.
Periodontal phenotype: A review of historical and current classifications evaluating different methods and characteristics
Authors: Malpartida‐Carrillo Violeta , Tinedo‐Lopez Pedro Luis , Guerrero Maria Eugenia , Amaya‐Pajares Silvia P. , Özcan Mutlu , Rösing Cassiano Kuchenbecker 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo review the historical and current periodontal phenotype classifications evaluating methods and characteristics. Moreover, to identify and classify the methods based on periodontal phenotype components.OverviewSeveral gingival morphology studies have been frequently associated with different terms used causing confusion among the readers. In 2017, the World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions recommended to adopt the term “periodontal phenotype”. This term comprises two terms, gingival phenotype (gingival thickness and keratinized tissue width) and bone morphotype (buccal bone plate thickness). Furthermore, gingival morphology has been categorized on “thin‐scalloped”, “thick‐scalloped” and “thick‐flat” considering the periodontal biotype. However, by definition, the term phenotype is preferred over biotype. Periodontal phenotype can be evaluated through clinical or radiographic assessments and may be divided into invasive/non‐invasive (for gingival thickness), static/functional (for keratinized tissue width), and bi/tridimensional (for buccal bone plate thickness) methods.Conclusions“Thin‐scalloped,” “thick‐scalloped,” and “thick‐flat” periodontal biotypes were identified. These three periodontal biotypes have been considered in the World Workshop but the term periodontal phenotype is recommended. Periodontal phenotype is the combination of the gingival phenotype and the bone morphotype. There are specific methods for periodontal phenotype evaluation.Clinical significanceThe term periodontal phenotype is currently recommended for future investigations about gingival phenotype and bone morphotype. “Thin‐scalloped,” “thick‐scalloped,” and “thick‐flat” periodontal phenotypes can be evaluated through specific methods for gingival thickness, keratinized tissue width, and buccal bone plate thickness evaluation.
Vonoprazan‐containingHelicobacter pyloritriple therapies contribution to global antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Graham David Y , Lu Hong , Shiotani Akiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAmoxicillin and proton pump inhibitor dualHelicobacter pyloritherapy has proved not to be reliably highly effective primarily because of traditional proton pump inhibitors' inability to maintain a high intragastric pH. Clarithromycin and proton pump inhibitorH. pyloridual therapy failed in part because clarithromycin resistance emerged during therapy causing treatment failures. The combination of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and proton pump inhibitor was subsequently undermined by increasing clarithromycin resistance. Although vonoprazan appeared to restore the effectiveness of triple therapy, the improvement was almost entirely to improved effectiveness of amoxicillin dual therapy component and resulted in the majority (>85% currently in Japan) of those receiving vonoprazan–amoxicillin plus a second antibiotic (e.g. clarithromycin, metronidazole, fluoroquinolone, or rifabutin) receiving no benefit from the second antibiotic. The results in somewhere between 2800 and 5600 kg of unnecessary clarithromycin per one millionH. pyloritreatment courses per year in Japan. The only contribution of the second antibiotic is to increase global antimicrobial resistance. There are now sufficient data to prove that optimized vonoprazan–amoxicillin dual therapy can reliably achieve cure rates ≥95%. This manuscript discusses use of the principles of antimicrobial stewardship to develop potassium‐competitive acid blocker‐containingH. pyloritherapies that will reliably achieve highH. pyloricure rates with minimal or no use of excess antibiotics. Such therapies are urgently needed so that use of vonoprazan triple therapies can be curtailed while also improving overallH. pyloricure rates.
COVID‐19, nausea, and vomiting
Authors: Andrews Paul L R , Cai Weigang , Rudd John A , Sanger Gareth J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExclusion of nausea (N) and vomiting (V) from detailed consideration as symptoms of COVID‐19 is surprising as N can be an early presenting symptom. We examined the incidence of NV during infection before defining potential mechanisms. We estimate that the overall incidence of nausea (median 10.5%), although variable, is comparable with diarrhea. Poor definition of N, confusion with appetite loss, and reporting of N and/or V as a single entity may contribute to reporting variability and likely underestimation. We propose that emetic mechanisms are activated by mediators released from the intestinal epithelium by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) modulate vagal afferents projecting to the brainstem and after entry into the blood, activate the area postrema (AP) also implicated in anorexia. The receptor for spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2, angiotensin 2 converting enzyme (ACE2), and transmembrane protease serine (for viral entry) is expressed in upper gastrointestinal (GI) enterocytes, ACE2 is expressed on enteroendocrine cells (EECs), and SARS‐CoV‐2 infects enterocytes but not EECs (studies needed with native EECs). The resultant virus‐induced release of epithelial mediators due to exocytosis, inflammation, and apoptosis provides the peripheral and central emetic drives. Additionally, data from SARS‐CoV‐2 show an increase in plasma angiotensin II (consequent on SARS‐CoV‐2/ACE2 interaction), a centrally (AP) acting emetic, providing a further potential mechanism in COVID‐19. Viral invasion of the dorsal brainstem is also a possibility but more likely in delayed onset symptoms. Overall, greater attention must be given to nausea as an early symptom of COVID‐19 and for the insights provided into the GI effects of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Endoscopic biliary stenting as the risk factor for cholangitis after endoscopic ultrasound in patients with biliary strictures
Authors: Ikezawa Kenji , Shigekawa Minoru , Yamai Takuo , Suda Takahiro , Kegasawa Tadashi , Yoshioka Teppei , Sakamori Ryotaro , Tatsumi Tomohide , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and EUS‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) are established as efficient and safe diagnostic modalities. However, the risk of cholangitis after EUS/EUS‐FNA (post‐EUS cholangitis) in patients who have biliary strictures has not been fully examined.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 136 consecutive inpatients with biliary strictures who received EUS/EUS‐FNA at our hospital from April 2012 to September 2017 and evaluated complications that occurred by the next day after EUS/EUS‐FNA. Patients with percutaneous biliary drainage, those in whom it was difficult to reach the duodenum, and those receiving concurrent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were excluded.ResultsWe included 121 patients (147 cases); 90 patients were malignant. Endoscopic biliary stenting (EBS) with plastic stents had already been performed in 86 cases. Post‐EUS cholangitis was observed in 4.1% (6/147). No other EUS‐related complications were observed. The incidence of cholangitis with EBS was significantly higher than that in the cases without EBS (7.0% [6/86] vs 0% [0/61], P = 0.042). Biliary enzyme elevation was also identified as a risk factor of cholangitis.ConclusionEndoscopic biliary stenting was identified as a risk factor associated with post‐EUS cholangitis in patients with biliary strictures. Endoscopists should pay attention to post‐EUS cholangitis, especially in cases with EBS and biliary enzyme elevation.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID‐19 Infections and Deaths Across U.S. Nursing Homes
Authors: Li Yue , Cen Xi , Cai Xueya , Temkin‐Greener Helena 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESTo determine racial/ethnic disparities in weekly counts of new COVID‐19 cases and deaths among nursing home residents or staff.DESIGNCross‐sectional analysis of national nursing home COVID‐19 reports linked to other data. Multivariable two‐part models modeled disparities in count of cases or deaths, and logistic regressions modeled disparities in self‐reported shortages in staff and personal protective equipment (PPE), across nursing home groups with varying proportions of racial/ethnic minority residents, defined as low‐, medium‐, medium‐high–, and high‐proportion groups.SETTINGA total of 12,576 nursing homes nationally.PARTICIPANTSNone.INTERVENTIONNone.MEASUREMENTSNumbers of incident COVID‐19 confirmed cases among residents and staff, and incident COVID‐19 related deaths among residents (primary outcomes); and nursing home reported shortages in staff and PPE (secondary outcomes). All outcomes were reported for the week of May 25, 2020.RESULTSThe number of weekly new COVID‐19 confirmed cases among residents ranged from an average of 0.4 cases per facility (standard deviation (SD) = 2.5) for the low‐proportion group (93.0% had zero new cases) to 1.5 cases per facility (SD = 6.3) for the high‐proportion group (78.9% had zero new cases). Multivariable regression estimated that compared with the low‐proportion group, the likelihood of having at least one new resident case was 76% higher (odds ratio = 1.76; 95% confidence interval = 1.38–2.25; P = .000) for the high‐proportion group. Similar across‐facility disparities were found for the weekly count of new COVID‐19 deaths among residents (ranging from 0.1 deaths per facility (SD = 1.1) for the low‐proportion group to 0.4 deaths (SD = 2.0) for the high‐proportion group) and in the weekly count of new COVID‐19 confirmed cases among staff (ranging from 0.3 cases (SD = 1.4] to 1.3 cases (SD = 4.4) per facility). No substantial disparities in self‐reported shortages of staff or PPE were found.CONCLUSIONNursing homes caring for disproportionately more racial/ethnic minority residents reported more weekly new COVID‐19 confirmed cases and/or deaths. Immediate actions are needed to address these system‐level disparities.
A poststructural analysis: Current practices for suicide prevention by nurses in the emergency department and areas of improvement
Authors: Shin Hwayeon Danielle , Price Sheri , Aston Megan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo use a poststructuralist framework to critique historical, social and institutional constructions of emergency nursing and examine conflicting discourses surrounding suicide prevention. The aim is to also demonstrate practical guidance for enhancing emergency nursing practice and research with regard to suicide prevention.BackgroundEmergency departments have been historically constructed as places for treating life‐threatening physical crises, thereby constructing other "nonurgent" health needs as less of a priority. Physical needs take priority over psychological needs, such as suicide‐related thoughts and behaviours, negatively impacting the quality of care that certain groups of patients receive.DesignA theoretical analysis of the published literature on the topic of emergency nursing and suicide prevention was conducted and analysed using a poststructuralist framework.MethodsRelevant literature on the topic of emergency nursing related to suicide prevention was analysed for a poststructuralist construct of power, language, subjectivity and discourse. Implications to practice and research were identified, as well as expanding emergency nursing using a poststructuralist framework. SQUIRE guidelines were used (see Supporting Information).DiscussionThe emergency department is a critical point of intervention for patients with urgent and life‐threatening needs. However, the biomedical model and historical, social, and institutional expectations that influence emergency nurses' beliefs and values do not effectively respond to the needs of suicidal patients. One step to address this issue is to deconstruct the current understanding of emergency nursing as a treatment for only life‐threatening physical crises in order to become inclusive of psychological crises such as suicide‐related thoughts and behaviours.Relevance to clinical practiceHow a poststructural framework can be used to expand emergency care is discussed. Examples include empowering nurses to challenge the "taken‐for‐granted" emergency nursing and recognizing the health needs that fall outside of the dominant discourse of emergency care.
Nursing students' engagement with social media as an extracurricular activity: An integrative review
Authors: Alharbi Muna , Kuhn Lisa , Morphet Julia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore primary research evidence reporting the reason for undergraduate nursing students' engagement with social media as an extracurricular activity.BackgroundThe formal integration of social media into nursing education has been discussed extensively in previous research. The influence of social media on nursing students' learning and class engagement has also been explored. However, despite the growing volume of literature examining the formal use of social media by undergraduate nursing students, a broader perspective on how and why nursing students engage with social media as an extracurricular activity has not yet been explored.DesignAn integrative review.MethodsA systematic search was performed to find articles published between 2007–2019 using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Ovid Emcare and CINAHL Plus databases and the Google Scholar search engine. The review process is reported according to PRISMA.ResultsTwelve papers met the inclusion criteria, revealing that undergraduate nursing students engaged with social media for many reasons external to their formal curricula. They engaged with social media to keep in touch with others and to entertain themselves, promote learning, find social support, develop a professional nursing identity, share their experiences as nursing students and locate job opportunities.ConclusionUndergraduate nursing students engaged with social media for numerous reasons. It supported students in their academic and personal lives by keeping them in touch with people around them. The students used social media to identify with the nursing profession; however, its influence on their professional identity development is yet to be fully explored.Relevance to clinical practiceNursing schools should consider the myriad of reasons students engage with social media in order to optimise their professional development. Understanding how nursing students' professional identity develops via social media may be used to help sustain nursing students and support their transition into practice.
Prioritisation of diabetes‐related footcare amongst primary care healthcare professionals
Authors: Mullan Leanne , Wynter Karen , Driscoll Andrea , Rasmussen Bodil 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo assess primary healthcare professionals’ priority for managing diabetic foot disease (DFD) over the progressive course of the condition compared to other aspects of diabetes care.BackgroundDFD affects up to 60 million people globally. Evidence suggests that comprehensive preventative footcare may reduce serious complications of DFD, such as amputation.DesignA cross‐sectional quantitative study reported according to STROBE statement.MethodsGeneral Practitioners (GPs) and Credentialled Diabetes Educators (CDEs) working within Australian primary care were invited to complete an online survey, to obtain information about preventative and early intervention footcare priorities and practices. Ten GPs and 84 CDEs completed the survey.ResultsOn diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) review was identified to be one of the top three priorities of care by 57 (61%) of participants whilst at 20‐year history of diabetes 73 (78%) participants indicated its priority. Foot assessments became a priority for 78% (n = 73) of participants and podiatry referrals a priority for 53% (n = 50) of participants only when a “foot concern” was raised. Referrals to specialist high‐risk foot podiatrists or services were a first priority for 56% (n = 53), when the person had significant amputation risk factors.ConclusionDiabetes‐related preventative footcare assessments and management remain a low priority amongst primary healthcare professionals. Preventative care for asymptomatic complications, such as DFD, may be overlooked in favour of monitoring HbA1c or medication management. Limited prioritisation of footcare in primary care is concerning given the risks for amputation associated with DFD.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study reveals the need for primary healthcare decision makers and clinicians to ensure preventative footcare is a focused priority earlier in the diabetes care continuum. Collaborative and widespread promotion of the importance of proactive rather than reactive footcare practices is required to support prevention of foot ulcers and amputation.
Prevention and practice during the COVID‐19 emergency declaration period in Japanese obstetrical/gynecological facilities
Authors: Komatsu Hiroaki , Banno Kouji , Yanaihara Nozomu , Kimura Tadashi ,   Board Members of Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimA nationwide questionnaire survey was performed to evaluate how Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) members dealt with the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic during the declared nationwide emergency.MethodsWe sent questionnaires to members of JSOG via official email. Participants answered anonymously using Google forms.ResultsTwo (0.08%) JSOG members had contracted COVID‐19. There was a clear decrease in the number of patients scheduled for operation, not only for malignant but also for benign diseases. A decrease in the number of outpatients for infertility treatment was also observed. Polymerase chain reaction testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was available in 20.4% of the facilities. Inpatients and outpatients were requested to wear masks, limit the number of contacts and check body temperature when visiting hospitals/clinics. During parturition care, caregivers and physicians wore gloves, masks (other than N‐95), face shields and gowns. About 66% and 80% of the facilities decided to transfer pregnant women if they had asymptomatic and symptomatic infection, respectively. Cesarean section was typically chosen as delivery mode in infected women.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic provoked significant changes in obstetrics and gynecology practices in Japan. Apparently, nosocomial infections were largely prevented due to these changes, although some of them might not have been necessary.
Neurocognitive, neuropsychiatric, and neurological outcomes associated with phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency: Assessment considerations for nurse practitioners
Authors: Lowe Tracy B. , DeLuca Jane , Arnold Georgianne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this article is to review literature for neurocognitive, neuropsychiatric, neurological complications associated with phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency. The goal is to familiarize nurse practitioners with treatment and monitoring guidelines for persons living with the disorder.ConclusionsAppropriate treatment can maximize neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric outcomes.Practice ImplicationsNurse practitioners can help persons with PAH deficiency through education and providing appropriate referrals and by supporting disease‐specific treatment.
Toxicosis with grapes or raisins causing acute kidney injury and neurological signs in dogs
Authors: Schweighauser Ariane , Henke Diana , Oevermann Anna , Gurtner Corinne , Francey Thierry 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ingestion of grapes or raisins has been reported to cause acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs, with a clinical picture dominated by early gastrointestinal signs and rapidly developing uremia. Ataxia is mentioned in a few reports, but not further characterized.ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical, laboratory, and pathological features of dogs diagnosed with grape or raisin toxicosis (GRT) with emphasis on renal and neurological manifestations, compared to a control group of dogs with AKI from other causes.AnimalsFifteen client‐owned dogs with GRT and 74 control dogs.MethodsRetrospective study over 17 months.ResultsAll dogs with GRT were presented with severe AKI (grade 4, n = 5; grade 5, n = 10). Eleven dogs (73%) had marked forebrain, cerebellar, or vestibular signs. These manifestations dominated the clinical picture in some dogs, but were not associated with the severity of azotemia or the presence of systemic hypertension. Eight dogs (53%) survived, and 5 dogs experienced a complete neurological recovery. Causes of death were unrelated to the neurological manifestations. Neuropathological examination of 4 dogs did not identify any structural central nervous system abnormality. Only 2 control dogs (3%) displayed neurological signs with seizures unrelated to the AKI; 42 control dogs (57%) survived.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSevere forebrain, cerebellar, or vestibular signs may be an important feature of GRT and dominate the early clinical picture. The described features suggest a reversible functional brain injury specific to GRT and unrelated to uremia.