bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brazilian berry extract (Myrciaria jaboticaba): A promising therapy to minimize prostatic inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Lamas Celina A. , Kido Larissa A. , Hermes Túlio A. , Nogueira‐Lima Ellen , Minatel Elaine , Collares‐Buzato Carla B. , Maróstica Mário R. , Cagnon Valéria H. A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundBrazilian berry is a fruit popularly known as “Jaboticaba,” rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. Senescence and overweight are increasing worldwide and are considered risk factors to prostatic pathogenesis mainly due to oxidative and inflammatory processes induction. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of two increasing doses of the patented jaboticaba peel extract (PJE) on oxidative‐stress and inflammation in the prostate of aging or high‐fat‐fed aging mice.MethodsPJE and/or high‐fat diet (HFD) treatments started with 11‐month‐old mice and lasted 60 days. The levels or the immunoexpression of different inflammatory (nuclear factor κB [NFκB], CD3+, cyclooxygenase 2 [COX‐2], toll‐like receptor 4 [TLR4], phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 [pSTAT‐3], tumor necrosis factor α [TNF‐α], interleukin 6 [IL‐6], and IL‐1β) and oxidative‐stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase 2 [SOD2], glutathione reductase [GSR], reduced glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase 3 [GPx3]) related molecules were analyzed by western‐blotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsBoth PJE doses reduced the levels of oxidative‐stress‐related molecules (GPx3, GSR, catalase), lipid peroxidation (4‐hydroxynonenal), inflammatory mediators (COX‐2, TNF‐α, and pSTAT‐3) and CD3+ T cells number, which were associated with the maintenance of the glandular morphological integrity in aging and HFD‐fed‐aging mice. Nevertheless, only the high PJE dose reduced the NFκB and TLR4 levels in aging mice; and SOD2, IL‐6, and IL‐1β levels in HFD‐aging mice. Aging itself promoted an oxidative inflammation in the prostate, interfering in the levels of the different oxidative‐stress, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory mediators evaluated, in association with high incidence of prostate epithelial and stromal damages. The HFD intake intensified aging alterations, showing an unfavorable prostatic microenvironment prone to oxidative and inflammatory damages.ConclusionsPJE exerted a dose‐dependent effect controlling inflammation and oxidative‐stress in aging and HFD‐fed aging mice prostate. This fact contributed to prostate microenvironment balance recovery, preserving the tissue architecture of this gland. Thus, the PJE emerges as a potential therapy to prevent inflammation and oxidative stress in the prostate.
The Hybrids of Core‐Shell Chain‐like Nanostructure of Au@Porous Pd with Graphene for Energy Conversion Application
Authors: Das Sushanta K. , Chandra Sahu Subash , Ghosh Arnab , Kumar Jena Bikash 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this report, a slick aqueous method of synthesis for Au@ porous Pd core‐shell structure on graphene support is formulated. The as‐synthesized materials have been thoroughly characterized by different characterization techniques to reveal their discrete nanoscale arrangements. The performance of the as‐prepared nanostructures has been evaluated for the oxidation of methanol (MOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The combined effect of Au and graphene, as well as the unique nano chain‐like structures of Au@ porous Pd, exploits the enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards MOR and ORR for an energy conversion application. This report reveals the determining part of gold (Au) and graphene synergistic effect on the palladium (Pd) matrix towards the energy conversion application for the fuel cell.
An Efficient One‐Shot Metal‐Free Electrophilic Fluorination of 2‐Iminothiazolidine‐4‐one
Authors: Appalanaidu Killari , Dadmal Tulshiram L. , Patil Suvarna M. , Jagadeesh Babu N. , Laxmikanth Rao J. , Kumbhare Ravindra M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA highly efficient one‐pot method for the synthesis of mono fluorinated thiazolidinone derivatives have been achieved through four component reaction of primary amines, aryl isothiocyanates, ethyl bromoacetate and Selectfluor as electrophilic fluorinating agent. This protocol is practically convenient and offers the advantage of conducting easily handled sequenceof reaction in single reactor with suitable solvent medium. Reaction of primary amines with aryl isothiocyanate access forthiourea formation followed by addition of ethyl bromoacetate afforded the thiazolidinone, further on addition ofSelectfluor provides desired mono fluorinated products in short time with keen reaction procedure.
TAPSO** : A Highly Efficient and Ecofriendly Catalyst for the Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates and Tetrahydropyridines **3‐[N‐Tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]‐2‐hydroxypropanesulfonic acid
Authors: Sharma Rajneesh P. , Verma Usha K. , Kapoor Kamal K. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract3‐[N‐Tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]‐2‐hydroxypropanesulfonic acid (TAPSO) served as a highly efficient, biodegradable and cost effective catalyst for the synthesis of α‐aminophosphonates and tetrahydropyridines. This is the first report on the application of TAPSO as a catalyst in organic synthesis. The key features of this protocol are readily available starting materials, ecofriendly catalyst, operational simplicity and high yields.
Development of an Efficient Non‐Noble Metal Based Anode Electrocatalyst to Promote Methanol Oxidation Activity in DMFC
Authors: Yaqoob Lubna , Noor Tayyaba , Iqbal Naseem , Nasir Habib , Zaman Neelam , Rasheed Lubna , Yousuf Muhammad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this research, electrocatalytic activity of cobalt benzene tricarboxylic acid metal organic framework (Co BTC MOF) and its reduced graphene oxide based composites (rGO/Co BTC) were investigated in an alkaline media for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). Metal Organic frameworks (MOF) and their composites were solvothermally prepared and characterized via FTIR, EDX, SEM and XRD. Electrochemical studies were performed by cyclic voltammetry, electron impedance spectroscopy, chronoamperometry and cyclic stability. Among all the prepared composites, 1 wt % rGO/Co BTC MOF (1.07 mg cm−2) demonstrated a promising current density of 130 mA cm−2 at 1.59 V vs. RHE, a tafel slope of 83.6 mV dec−1 and resistance of 14.75 Ω in 1 M NaOH/ 2 M methanol solution showing much better performance than state‐of‐the‐art Pt based materials.
Formaldehyde Gas Adsorption in High‐Capacity Silver‐Nanoparticle‐Loaded ZIF‐8 and UiO‐66 Frameworks
Authors: Fu Chengming , Chen Tian , Xiao Tile , Song Yuecai , Odom Timothy , Liang Wenjie , Cai Jianfeng , Xu Hai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMetal‐organic framework (MOF) compounds ZIF‐8 and Uio‐66 were synthesized by the solvent‐thermal method; then loaded with silver nanoparticles and studied to determine their adsorption of formaldehyde gas. The results showed that when the loading of silver nanoparticles was 2.5 wt%, Ag NPs@ZIF‐8 had the highest adsorption rate for formaldehyde gas, with the adsorption capacity 8.2‐11.5 times greater than that of ZIF‐8. When the loading of silver nanoparticle was 5 wt%, the adsorption capacity of Ag NPs@Uio‐66 for formaldehyde gas was 1.75 times higher than that of Uio‐66.
Cytotoxicity of Platinum and Palladium Chelates against Osteosarcoma
Authors: Martins Ana S. , Batista de Carvalho Ana L.M. , Lamego Inês , Marques M.▪ Paula. M. , Gil Ana M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis work reports the half maximal inhibitory concentrations, IC50, for conventional anti‐cancer drug oxaliplatin (OXA) and potential new drugs Pt2Cl2Spm (Pt2Spm) and Pd2Cl2Spm (Pd2Spm) (Spm=Spermine) against osteosarcoma (OS). IC50values provided by the (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Alamar Blue (AB) viability assays and cell density Sulforhodamine B (SRB) test were compared. Values obtained with MTT and AB were generally in agreement, and a tendency for lower IC50values was noted by SRB, for OXA and Pd2Spm. The relative suitability of different assays is discussed for each chelate. The IC50trend: cisplatin (cDDP)≈Pd2Spm<OXA<Pt2Spm, confirmed cDDP as the most cytotoxic PtII‐agent against OS and revealed a promising performance for Pd2Spm. Metal chelates were also tested in combination with doxorubicin and methotrexate, the results showing that, in general, cocktails achieved comparable end‐performances to that of combined cDDP, indicating that drug combination may circumvent low single‐drug cytotoxicity.
A human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cortical neuron human‐on‐a chip system to study Aβ42 and tau‐induced pathophysiological effects on long‐term potentiation
Authors: Caneus Julbert , Akanda Nesar , Rumsey John W. , Guo Xiufang , Jackson Max , Long Christopher J. , Sommerhage Frank , Georgieva Sanya , Kanaan Nicholas M. , Morgan David , Hickman James J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe quest to identify an effective therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases, such as mild congitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), suffers from the lack of good human‐based models. Animals represent the most common models used in basic research and drug discovery studies. However, safe and effective compounds identified in animal studies often translate poorly to humans, yielding unsuccessful clinical trials.MethodsA functional in vitro assay based on long‐term potentiation (LTP) was used to demonstrate that exposure to amyloid beta (Aβ42) and tau oligomers, or brain extracts from AD transgenic mice led to prominent changes in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)‐derived cortical neurons, notably, without cell death.ResultsImpaired information processing was demonstrated by treatment of neuron‐MEA (microelectrode array) systems with the oligomers and brain extracts by reducing the effects of LTP induction. These data confirm the neurotoxicity of molecules linked to AD pathology and indicate the utility of this human‐based system to model aspects of AD in vitro and study LTP deficits without loss of viability; a phenotype that more closely models the preclinical or early stage of AD.DiscussionIn this study, by combining multiple relevant and important molecular and technical aspects of neuroscience research, we generated a new, fully human in vitro system to model and study AD at the preclinical stage. This system can serve as a novel drug discovery platform to identify compounds that rescue or alleviate the initial neuronal deficits caused by Aβ42 and/or tau oligomers, a main focus of clinical trials.
Accelerators, Colliders and Their Application
Authors: Wilson E. , Holzer B. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAccelerators are modern, high precision tools with applications in a broad spectrum that ranges from material treatment, isotope production for nuclear physics and medicine, probe analysis in industry and research, to the production of high energy particle beams in physics and astronomy. At present about 35,000 accelerators exist world-wide, the majority of them being used for industrial and medical applications. Originally however the design of accelerators arose from the request in basic physics research, namely to study the basic constituents of matter.
The Largest Accelerators and Colliders of Their Time
Authors: Hübner K. , Ivanov S. , Steerenberg R. , Roser T. , Seeman J. , Oide K. , Mess Karl Hubert , Schmüser Peter , Bailey R. , Wenninger J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Study Group for a GeV-scale Proton Synchrotron was launched in 1952 at CERN. Initially, an up-scaled version of the 3 GeV Cosmotron was considered but soon a new design based on the newly discovered alternating-gradient principle and promising a proton energy of 30 GeV was adopted by the CERN Council in the same year. In order to limit cost the energy was subsequently limited to 25 GeV and the project led by J.B. Adams was approved in 1953. The final parameters were fixed in 1954 and construction started in 1955. The CPS [1] became operational towards the end of 1959 reaching an energy of 28 GeV [2, 3]. It has turned out to be an extremely versatile facility [4] (Table 10.1).
Design and Principles of Linear Accelerators and Colliders
Authors: Seeman J. , Schulte D. , Delahaye J. P. , Ross M. , Stapnes S. , Grudiev A. , Yamamoto A. , Latina A. , Seryi A. , Tomás García R. , Guiducci S. , Papaphilippou Y. , Bogacz S. A. , Krafft G. A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLinear accelerators (linacs) use alternating radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields to accelerate charged particles in a straight line. Linacs were invented about 95 years ago and have seen many significant technical innovations since. A wide range of particle beams have been accelerated with linacs including beams of electrons, positrons, protons, antiprotons, and heavy ions. Linac parameter possibilities include pulsed versus continuous wave, low and high beam powers, low and high repetition rates, low transverse emittance beams, short bunches with small energy spreads, and accelerated multiple bunches in a single pulse. The number of linacs around the world has grown tremendously with thousands of linacs in present use, many for medical therapy, in industry, and for research and development in a broad spectrum of scientific fields. Researchers have developed accelerators for scientific tools in their own right, being awarded several Nobel prizes. Moreover, linacs and particle accelerators in general have enabled many discovery level science experiments in related fields, resulting in many Nobel prizes as well.
Highly-Skilled Migrants in the Transatlantic Space: Between Settlement and Mobility
Authors: Weinar Agnieszka , Klekowski von Koppenfels Amanda 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this chapter we look deeper into the specific case of Global Northerners who migrate within the Global North. Their case is used as an illustration of the complexities of highly skilled migration; these complexities impact lives of even the seemingly privileged mobile skilled people moving within the trans-Atlantic space of freer movement. At the heart of our discussion is an examination of the tension between settlement and mobility.
Häusliche Isolation und Quarantäne gut überstehen
Authors: Jacobi Frank 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDas neuartige Coronavirus SARS-CoV‑2 und die dadurch verursachte Krankheit mit offiziellem Namen „coronavirus disease 2019“ (COVID-19) zwingen weltweit zu drastischen Maßnahmen, die die massenhafte Ausbreitung eindämmen sollen. Hierzu zählt die weitestmögliche häusliche Isolation der Bevölkerung. Häusliche Isolation und Quarantäne sind aber Ausnahmesituationen, die die meisten Menschen noch nicht erlebt haben. Diese gesetzten Maßnahmen können auf die Psyche einwirken und für Betroffene sehr belastend sein. Hier helfen klare, in der Psychologie wissenschaftlich erforschte und bewährte Verhaltensmaßnahmen sowie mentale Strategien, diese Ausnahmesituation zu meistern.
Association of Baltic Sea and Mediterranean diets with frailty phenotype in older women, Kuopio OSTPRE-FPS study
Authors: Alaghehband Fatemeh Ramezan , Erkkilä Arja T. , Rikkonen Toni , Sirola Joonas , Kröger Heikki , Isanejad Masoud 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the association between Baltic Sea diet (BSD) and Mediterranean diet (MED) with frailty.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis on the osteoporosis risk factor and prevention–fracture prevention study on 440 women aged 65–72 years. Frailty was ascertained with the presence of 3–5 and prefrailty 1–2 of the following criteria: weight loss ≥ 5%, low life satisfaction score, walking speed ≤ 0.51 m/s, handgrip strength divided by body mass index ≤ 0.67 kg/m2 and physical activity ≤ 2 h/week. Women answered to questionnaires on lifestyle factors and 3-day food record. BSD score was ascertained using intake of nine and MED score of eight foods or nutrients components from food record. Multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for age, energy intake, smoking, living status, marital status and intervention group evaluated associations between MED and BSD with frailty phenotype status.

Results
At 3-year follow-up, 206 women (46.8%) were prefrail and 36 (8.2%) were frail. After adjusting for confounders, a tendency was found between BSD per standard deviation (SD)-unit increase and lower likelihood of frailty (β = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.38–1.01, P = 0.057). Further, MED per SD-unit increase was associated with lower likelihood of prefrailty (β = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.6–0.9, P = 0.009). Consumption of vegetables was lower in frail (31.5 ± 36.0 g/day) and prefrail women (37.1 ± 42.0 g/day) than in non-frail women (48.6 ± 40.7 g/day) (P for trend = 0.041).

Conclusions
Positive behavioral characteristics such as following MED and BSD may be associated with lower likelihood of prefrailty and frailty in older women. However, further longitudinal analyses are warranted.
Risk of acute brain lesions in dizzy patients presenting to the emergency room: who needs imaging and who does not?
Authors: Machner Björn , Choi Jin Hee , Trillenberg Peter , Heide Wolfgang , Helmchen Christoph 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe usefulness of brain imaging studies in dizzy patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) is controversial. We aimed to assess the ‘real-world’ probability of ischemic stroke and other acute brain lesions (ABLs) in these patients to create an algorithm that helps decision-making on whether which and when brain imaging is needed. By reviewing medical records, we identified 610 patients presenting with dizziness, vertigo or imbalance to our university hospital’s ED and receiving neurological workup. We collected timing/triggers of symptoms, ABCD2 score, focal neurological abnormalities, HINTS (head impulse, nystagmus, test-of-skew) and other central oculomotor signs. ABLs were extracted from CT/MRI reports. Uni-/multivariate logistic regression analyses investigated associations between clinical parameters and ABLs. Finally, the likelihood of ABLs was assessed for different clinically defined subgroups (‘dizziness syndromes’). Early CT (day 1) was performed in 539 (88%) and delayed MR imaging (median: day 4) in 299 (49%) patients. ABLs (89% ischemic stroke) were revealed in 75 (24%) of 318 patients with adequate imaging (MRI or lesion-positive CT). The risk for ABLs increased with the presence of central oculomotor signs (odds ratio 2.8, 95% confidence interval 1.5–5.2) or focal abnormalities (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.8–6.2). The likelihood of ABLs differed between dizziness syndromes, e.g., HINTS-negative acute vestibular syndrome: 0%, acute imbalance syndrome with ABCD2-score ≥ 4: 50%. We propose a clinical pathway, according to which patients with HINTS-negative acute vestibular syndrome should not receive brain imaging, whereas imaging is suggested in dizzy patients with acute imbalance, central oculomotor signs or focal abnormalities.
Association of screen time with long-term stress and temperament in preschoolers: results from the DAGIS study
Authors: Leppänen Marja H. , Sääksjärvi Katri , Vepsäläinen Henna , Ray Carola , Hiltunen Pauliina , Koivusilta Leena , Erkkola Maijaliisa , Sajaniemi Nina , Roos Eva 
Published: May 2020

AbstractScreen time is increasing rapidly in young children. The aim of this study was to examine associations of long-term stress and temperament with screen time in Finnish preschool children and the moderating role of socioeconomic status. Cross-sectional DAGIS data were utilized. Long-term stress was assessed using hair cortisol concentration, indicating values of the past 2 months. Temperament was reported by the parents using the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (the Very Short Form), and three broad temperament dimensions were constructed: surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control. Screen time was reported by the parents over 7 days. The highest education level in the household was used as an indicator of socioeconomic status. In total, 779 children (mean age, 4.7 ± 0.9 years, 52% boys) were included in the study. Of the temperament dimensions, a higher effortful control was associated with less screen time (B = − 6.70, p = 0.002). There was no evidence for an association between hair cortisol concentration and screen time nor a moderating role of socioeconomic status in the associations (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Our findings indicate that preschool children with a higher score in effortful control had less screen time. Because effortful control reflects general self-regulatory abilities, promoting these skills may be effective in reducing screen time in young children.

What is Known: • Screen time has increased rapidly during the last decades, and higher screen time has been linked with numerous adverse health consequences in children. • There are no previous studies investigating associations of long-term stress and temperament with screen time in young children.

What is New: • Of the temperament dimensions, effortful control was associated with higher screen time in preschool children, but there was no association found between long-term stress and screen time. • Since effortful control reflects general self-regulatory abilities, promoting these skills may be effective in reducing screen time in young children.
The COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan
Authors: Watanabe Manabu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince its initial outbreak in China, in December, 2019, COVID-19 has spread rapidly across the globe. At the time of writing, on April 29, 2020, infections had been confirmed in more than 200 countries and regions and 3,018,681 infections and 207,973 deaths had been recorded. In Japan, the first confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported on January 16, 2020, since when, the number of domestic infections and the death toll have reached 13,852 and 389, respectively, representing exponential increases. Moreover, both domestically and internationally, the shortage of medical resources and the spread of infection among medical personnel, caused by nosocomial transmissions have become problematic. The pathology of COVID-19, including the exact infection route, remains largely unknown. Given the unavailability of an effective cure and vaccine, people are required to respond to this adversity without becoming complacent. The global efforts against the COVID-19 pandemic are ongoing endeavors, far from over. New epidemiological data and clinical findings are emerging on a daily basis, making it critical to always refer to the latest information.