bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perbedaan Fatwa-Fatwa Sahabat Sebagai Sumber Hukum Islam
Authors: Paryadi Paryadi , Sadari Sadari 
Published: January 2021

Perbedaan-perbedaan fatwa yang terjadi dikalangan para sahabat disebabkan dua hal pertama, karena terjadinya kontak dan saling mempengaruhi antara Islam dan budaya-budaya lain yang bertetangga dengannya. Wilayah dan budaya yang dihadapi para sahabat sangat bervariasi tipologi dan permasalahannya. Kedua, kemampuan para sahabat tidak pada satu tingkat yang sama dalam ilmu mereka dalam memahami sunnah terkait hal ihwal sabda Rasulullah, keadaan mereka bertingkat-tingkat ada diantara mereka yang menghabiskan umurnya untuk selalu bersama Rasulullah siang, malam, saat berada dirumah atau bepergian, saat puasa maupun tidak, saat senang atau susah, saat jihad atau ibadah dan melayani sebagai besar kegiatan beliau seperti Anas bin Malik. Ada juga yang sering mengembara dipedalaman atau berdagangan diberbagai daerah. Ada pula yang hanya melihat sekali Nabi Saw, pada kesempatan haji wada‟. Juga sda yang menetap ataupun yang nomaden sehingga sangat wajar dan logis kalau para ulama sepakat bahwa kemampuan sahabat bertingkat-tingkat. Dalam meyikapi perbedaan-perbedaan fatwa maka harus ada kritik internal terhadap sejumlah tradisi yang dikenal oleh umat Islam untuk dapat memisahkan apakah suatu ayat atau tradisi tertentu cocok diterapan pada situasi tertentu. Karena sejak awal-awal Islam telah terjadi benturan yang tak dapat dihindari antara hukum yang tersurat dengan semangat yang terkandung didalamnya. Jadi perbedaan tersebut karena penafsiran dan penerapan yang digunakan dengan pertimbangan pribadi sahabat terhadap persoalan-persoalan yang belum diperoleh petunjuknya dalam al-Qur‟an dan Hadits
Implementasi Supervisi Kepala Sekolah Pada Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru
Authors: Rohaenah Ike Nilawati , Syah Sahudi Muhibbin , Erihadiana Mohamad 
Published: January 2021

Masalah yang dihadapi guru cenderung melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan kaku bahkan konvensional. Hal ini tampak dari rancangan pembelajaran dalam bentuk RPP dan hasil observasi Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar pada studi awal supervisi pegagogik guru yang peneliti lakukan, menunjukan masih perlunya pembinaan oleh kepala sekolah terhadap kemampuan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran yang ideal di kelas sebagai upaya mendongkrak kualitas pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan:1) Perencanaan program supervisi kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogik guru. 2) Proses supervisi kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogik guru. 3) Tindak lanjut supervisi kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogik guru. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Informan pada penelitian ini meliputi kepala sekolah, dan guru. Hasil penelitian membuat model Klinis implementasi Supervisi Kepala Sekolah dalam meningkatkan Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru. Guru dapat menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP). Kegitan belajar mengajar lebih menyenangkan,Kompetensi pedagogik guru meningkat, Guru diikut sertakan seminar dan workshop .Meningkatkan mutu pendidikan dengan nilai hasil lulusan meningkat. Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2020 sampai bulan Juni 2020 di Pondok Pesantren MTs Darunnadawah dan MTs Al Ahliyah Karawang Jawa Barat.
Sangiang Pengobatan Alternatif Suku Dayak Muslim Di Gohong, Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Hartati Zainap , Emawati Emawati , Patimah Siti 
Published: January 2021

Sangiang merupakan sebuah budaya suku Dayak Kalimantan Tengah, yang di dalamnya ada unsur pengobatan. Tujuan dari dilaksanakannya sangiang bukan hanya sebagai sarana pengobatan semata, tetapi seringkali pula sangiang digunakan untuk menjauhkan segala marabahaya suatu kampung dari gangguan roh-roh jahat atau murka leluhur yang disebut mamapas lewu atau tolak bala, ada pula yang mengadakan sangiang di lokasi kerja seperti pertambangan emas, sarang walet dan lokasi-lokasi pekerjaan lainnya, sangiang dilakukan agar lokasi pekerjaan aman dari segala gangguan dan melancarkan segala pendapatan. Dibalik kegiatan sangiang terkandung nilai keislaman yang mengiringi prosesi kegiatannya. Penelitian dilakukan di desa Gohong, Pulang Pisau, Kalimantan Tengah. Metode yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data dengan pengamatan, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai keislaman yang ada pada prosesi sangiang sebagai wujud dari keyakinan pada Yang Maha Kuasa, yakni harus percaya atau meyakini bahwa adanya yang ghaib, selain itu setelah upacara sangiang selesai membaca do’a selamat sebagai wujud rasa syukur atas keselamatan peyembuh tradisional (subat) dan orang yang berobat.
SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), AN INVASIVE PEST IN AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND ITS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Tahir Ahmad Hassan , Tariq Muhammad , Mazhar Aqsa , Shehzad Muhammad 
Published: January 2021

Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) commonly known as fall armyworm (FAW),Â is a pest that invaded the sub-tropical and tropical regions of America. In 2016, it was reported for the first time in central Africa and within a year it was reported from many countries of Africa. It then spread in Asia and in 2018 it was reported in India, and now its infestation was seen in Pakistan. Its strong flight, climatic adaptableness and large host range makes it a good colonizing agent as compared to other species of Spodoptera. In potential managing strategies we must know about its primary information such as its biology, host range, habitat and favorable conditions. Identification and life cycle is the most important process in the management of this pest. IPM strategies include physical and cultural control, botanical control, biological control and chemical control. These strategies will help in management of FAW. All these aspects have been reviewed in this article.
Notificación de una reacción adversa a medicamentos (RAM): un relato en el Valparaíso del siglo XIX.
Authors: Badilla Morales Claudio Rolando 
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo nos muestra un relato extraído del periódico El Mercurio de Valparaíso de finales del siglo XIX, donde un paciente hace una denuncia respecto de un preparado adquirido en una botica porteña de ese entonces, en función de los efectos que él notó posterior a su uso.Este relato transcurre en una época donde destacan importantes acontecimientos y personajes de la historia de Chile, en cuanto al desarrollo científico, cultural y social.Mucho antes de que se hablara de Fármaco-vigilancia, y en los tiempos en donde no existía un comercio tan regulado en cuanto a derechos del consumidor, las personas hacían la vigilancia de los productos farmacéuticos, bajo la óptica del sentido común de todo paciente.Es destacable la notificación hecha por este anónimo paciente, y la difusión realizada por el periódico, ya que cumple a cabalidad con el enfoque técnico regulatorio actual de la Fármaco-vigilancia en nuestro país. Este hecho presentado en el periódico como un par de pequeños párrafos, destaca como un antecedente histórico importante en favor de la salud pública.
La educación médica en tiempos de pandemia, una mirada hacia el futuro.
Authors: Grebe Barros Gonzalo 
Published: January 2021

Es difícil exagerar las implicancias clínicas, sociales, políticas, económicas y educativas que la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), se encuentra generando alrededor del mundo. El sector educativo sin duda alguna, es uno de los más afectados, sin embargo, la necesidad de preparar médicos, especialistas y otros profesionales de la salud, nunca había sido tan imperiosa como lo es ahora en el contexto de la emergencia global.El distanciamiento social es la estrategia preventiva más efectiva hasta que se logre el desarrollo de la vacuna, tratamiento o ambos; por ello, dado que la presencia de estudiantes y residentes en los hospitales durante rotaciones clínicas se exponen a contraer la enfermedad y/o trasmitir el virus incluso siendo asintomáticos, en la mayoría de las universidades y hospitales del mundo, sus prácticas fueron suspendidas. Otros factores que contribuyeron a esta decisión, ha sido la cancelación de los procedimientos quirúrgicos, disminución de consultas externas, ocupación de los Servicios clínicos habituales por camas de pacientes críticos portadores de la infección viral grave y por último falta de equipo de protección personal adecuado.
Study of Customer Engagement through Emotional Branding
Authors: Gokarna Poojaa 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This qualitative research-based study in India looks to uncover the elements that drive customer engagement towards a brand. The backdrop is a prominent use of Emotional branding as a tool for driving customer engagement. The premise of conducting this study is to identify the drivers of customer engagement, along with its implication on the marketing scenario in India.Methodology: It is a Qualitative exploration conducted through semi-structured in-depth interviews of 32 respondents and the transcripts were analyzed to identify the major themes that convene. The themes were further used to build a conceptual framework based on the data available.Findings: A conceptual framework has been developed revolving around the antecedents and consequences of Emotional Branding, which transmits into customer engagement. Also, obstacles to the engagement process have been discussed.Implications: This qualitative study brought forth various constructs that give rise to customer engagement and, in turn, brand loyalty. This paper helped me understand how customers can be engaged at an emotional level and uncover a major marketing tool for brand managers.Originality: With existing researches based on quantitative methodology, the originality of this research lies in developing qualitative research for emotional branding and discussing the opportunities for customer engagement in the Indian context.
The Relevance of Customer Relationship Management Strategies in Creating Customer Loyalty and Satisfaction: An Analytical Study
Authors: Kumar Saurav 
Published: January 2021

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is significantly regarded in the market for existing, likewise, current customers. This paper inspected the effect of client relationship management (CRM) components on consumer loyalty and satisfaction. A fair CRM (customer relationship the board) program that helps the association satisfy the customer, the investigation study would examine uncommon systems and methods for setting up effective CRM to satisfy the customers. The inspiration for driving the examination was to check the sufficiency of customer relationship Management (CRM) in holding and satisfying customers. The investigation utilized quantitative methodology and base on 100 respondents. Multiple Regression and ANOVA are utilized to look at the relationship between the factors.In this investigation, we center around these issues that are carrying noteworthiness to more raised level experts in an affiliation: is there an association between CRM with shopper dedication and Indian affiliations? With appropriate verifiable assessment, the hypotheses delineated in this examination are affirmed and the results show a certain high association among the components considered for the examination. The connected writing exhibits a critical relationship among compelling CRM, consumer loyalty and consumer satisfaction.The examiner reasoned that CRM is assuming a significant part in expanding the pie piece; it upgrades efficiency, prevalent worker’s assurance in the mean. Simultaneously, it improves the inside and out client information and higher consumer loyalty to improved client unwaveringness organization will likewise have the unmistakable data that what are their clients, what are their needs, and what will make them more fulfilled.The examination trusted is one of a kind and no exploration has been done to gauge the impact of client relationship management in upgrading client reliability and consumer loyalty.
புறநானூறு காட்சிப்படுத்தும் பழந்தமிழர்களின் ‘பூதவியல்சார்’ சிந்தனைகள்
Authors: Anandarajan K 
Published: January 2021

Ancient Tamils feared natural disasters such as floods, wildfires and landslides and began to worship land, water, fire, air and sky to protect themselves. As an extension of this, the Five elements in nature are worshiped as deities named Varna Bhagavan, Vayu Bhagavan, Surya Bhagavan and Bhumadevi. Later, the ancient tamils, who knew that the world operated through the Five elements in nature. They began to refer the Five elements in nature as a metaphor for gift, mercy, valor, patience, and so on. In the Sangam literature the songs are recorded according to the imagination. The ancient people know the scientific messages from the atom to the universe.
பாரம்பரியக் கூத்தில் பறையறைவோன் பாத்திரமும் அதன் மீளுருவாக்கமும்
Authors: Gowrieeshwaran T 
Published: January 2021

The caste structure, which is deeply rooted in the culture of Tamil societies and its inequitable mentality, has a great influence on the traditional forms of performing arts carried on by Tamils.We often see caste inequality and gender discrimination reinforced in traditional chants that are mostly epic and mythologically centered. As a result, traditional performances have become increasingly predictable. The vast majority of artists who seek to speak of the progressive issues of the time are drawn to express their ideas not in the traditional arts but in the modern art form. In this context, the participatory research work on the koothu renaissance carried out at the Eelathu Kootharangu in the years 2002-2003 is proposed as a practical study to recreate the subject of traditional performing arts forms with the participation of the communities that follow them in a timely manner. In this way, this article examines the process by which the Valluvar community, which has been marginalized as a marginalized caste in Tamil culture, and the rhetorical character it represents, have recreated that character in a contemporary manner, questioning the structure of Eelam’s Vadamodik koothu.
தமிழ்ப் பல்கலைக்கழக அருங்காட்சியகத்தில் பல்லவர் கால மூத்ததேவி சிற்பம்
Authors: Raja A 
Published: January 2021

Humans, who worshiped nature in ancient times, began to worship deities on the basis of images in historical times. Excavations at Harappa have uncovered a standing image of a mother goddess that is a testament to the existence of mother worship in the Indus Valley Civilization. An old woman with a female figure was found in the Adichanallur excavation in Tirunelveli district in Tamil Nadu. Similarly, the Sangam literature Manimegalai and Silappathikaram give us references to the worship of the goddess. It is noteworthy that sculptures of this deity have been found in the northern and southern parts of Tamil Nadu. However, the evidence we have found shows that there are numerous sculptures of the Goddess in the northern districts. However, the evidence we have found shows that there are numerous sculptures of the Goddess in the northern districts. Most of the places of worship where the statue of the Goddess is located are very ancient. Thus this article explores and explains the sculpture of Moothadevi (Jeshtadevi) in the Tamil University Museum.
Bioética clínica: la mujer ante los retos de la bioética clínica actual
Authors: López-Ibor Aliño Blanca 
Published: January 2021

La mujer puede aportar a los retos actuales de la bioética clínica una visión humanista en relación con su capacidad de acoger, de cuidar y de dar vida. Una visión complementaria a la que puede aportar el hombre a la que suma su experiencia vital como mujer.
En la presente publicación se pretende dar unas claves para afrontar y resolver las múltiples cuestiones bioéticas que en la clínica actual se plantean en un momento de la Historia en el relativismo afecta también a la vida humana. Formación, astucia, valentía y coherencia son necesarias a la hora de defender una bioética basada en la persona, es la dignidad que le es propia. Se revisan diversas situaciones en la práctica clínica en las que la mujer puede, no solo defender la vida, sino convencer a los que no la defienden con una buena argumentación.
ENSINO DE LÍNGUA E CULTURAS ESTRANGEIRAS EM TEMPOS DE (PÓS) PANDEMIA: DESAFIOS E APRENDIZAGENS DE EDUCADORES NA CHINA
Authors: Grillo Angela Teodoro , Pešková Michaela Pešková , Lee Jackeline 
Published: December 2020

A crise sanitária da Covid-19 tem afetado segmentos econômicos e sociais em países de todo o planeta. A China, primeiro país a enfrentar a situação, mostrou que o respeito às medidas de isolamento social serve como meio eficiente para a diminuir a contaminação do corona vírus, conduta também recomendada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. No campo educacional, as escolas e universidades chinesas cumpriram de forma urgente a demanda da continuidade do ensino por via remota, evitando a paralisação ou atraso no período letivo; no mês de maio de 2020, diante do controle efetivo da crise sanitária, a volta às aulas presenciais foi regularizada em diferentes províncias chinesas. Nesta entrevista, realizada no mês de agosto, convidamos seis professores que ensinam em universidades da província de Zhejiang, de diferentes nacionalidades e continentes, que se encontram em situações de ensino remoto ou presencial, para refletirem sobre como têm vivenciado o trabalho educacional no presente contexto e como pensam a educação no pós-pandemia. Assim como em sistemas educacionais de outras partes do mundo, todos os entrevistados enfrentaram ou ainda enfrentam uma nova realidade imposta pela crise sanitária que exige novas estratégias de ensino e aprendizagen que advêm tanto do maior uso de tecnologias, como da própria necessidade de repensar o papel do educador.A entrevista a seguir foi realizada individualmente por e-mail com cada um de nossos convidados, e as respostas obtidas, reunidas posteriormente com vistas a ressaltar o caráter polifônico que o debate sobre ensino e pandemia implica. Os professores responderam em suas línguas maternas - portuguesa, inglesa e chinesa - ;a presente edição em versão completa em língua portuguesa conta com trabalho de tradução sob responsabilidade da professora Jackeline Lee do Departamento de Português da Zhejiang Yuexiu University of Foreign Languages.
Nephroprotective Effects of L-Arginine against Chemotherapy Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Wistar Rats
Authors: Meghji Dr.Kumayl Abbas , Memon Dr.Tariq Feroz , Dr. Imtiaz Ahmed  , Memon Dr. Sehar Gul , Dr. Naila Noor  , Dr. Ali Abbas  
Published: December 2020

Objective To evaluate the protective role of L-Arginine in cisplatin induced acute renal injury through assessment of renal, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in albino wistar rats.
Methods: Quasi-experimental study was conducted at the department of physiology and postgraduate research laboratory at Isra University, Hyderabad, Sindh from April 2019 to September 2019. Thirty male Albino wistar rats were selected through non-random purposive sampling and divided equally into three different groups: Group-A (Control group), Group-B (experimental group) received Cisplatin alone and Group-C (experimental group) received Cisplatin along with arginine. After sacrificing the animals, blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture while renal histopathological analysis was under the light microscope. The changes in severity were observed using a graded scale. Data was analysed using SPSS v23.0.
Results: There was a statistically significant (p-value <0.05) decline in the bodyweight and rise in absolute kidney weight of group B in comparison with other two group. Moreover, significant rise (p-value <0.05) in serum renal markers was observed in group B while significant decline (p-value <0.05) in these serum renal markers in group C compared with group B. Furthermore, prominent demage in normal renal histology in group B rats while restoration of renal histology was demonstrated in group C rats.
Conclusion: The present study concludes that L-Arginine exerts an anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and nephro-protective effect for renal tissue damage caused by Cisplatin.
Keywords: Acute Kidney Injury, Antioxidant, Cisplatin, L-Arginine, Oxidative stress
Common Radiological Findings in Children with Suspected Foreign Body Inhalation
Authors: Junaid Muhammad , Alam Mansoor , Sahibzada Fawad , Ali Sajid , Saeed Khalid , Mukhtar Hamid 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Foreign body inhalation is an emergency situation, affecting children mostly in first decade of life. An aspirated solid or semisolid object may lodge in the larynx or trachea may cause complete obstruction. Lesser degrees of obstruction or passage of the obstructive object beyond the carina can result in less severe signs and symptoms. Chronic debilitating symptoms with recurrent infections might occur with delayed extraction, or the patient may remain asymptomatic. Many aspirated foreign bodies are unexpectedly discovered, go undetected, or are misdiagnosed. In many cases with suspected foreign body radiological findings may reveal other findings e.g. emphysema, atelectasis, air trapping.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of common radiological findings among children with suspected foreign body inhalation.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Department of ENT, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, from April 2017 to October 2017. In this study a total of 141 patients were observed. All patients were subjected to detailed history and clinical examination. X ray chest (AP and lateral views) of all the patients was performed to detect common radiological findings (Radio-opaque Foreign Body (FB), Pneumonia, Emphysema, atelectasis and Air Trapping). The demographic details like name, age, gender, address and contacts were recorded on a pre-designed proforma.
RESULTS: In this study mean age was 8 years with SD ± 3.563. Sixty percent children were male while 40% children were female. Sixteen percent children had Radio opaque FB, 13% children had pneumonia, 28% had emphysema, 18% children had atelectasis while 25% had Air trapping.
CONCLUSION: Our study concludes that the frequency of Radio opaque was 16%, pneumonia 13%, emphysema 28%, atelectasis 18%, Air trapping 25% among children with suspected foreign body inhalation.
KEY WORDS: radiological findings, suspected foreign body inhalation, Pneumonia, Emphysema, atelectasis and Air Trapping
Pengaruh Harga Dan Biaya Promosi Terhadap Peningkatan penjualan Tiket pada PT. Pakem Tours dan Travel Makassar
Authors: Kurnia Ady , Mointi Renny , Ridwan Ridwan 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh harga terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan tiket serta untuk mengetahui biaya promosi terhadap PT. Pakem Tours dan Travel Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat dilihat dari metode deskriptif yakni penjualan tiket itu tiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan yang sangat baik dimana harga dan promosi sangat berperan penting terhadap peningkatan penjualan tiket pada PT. Pakem Tours dan Travel Makassar. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh persamaan Y = 308.426 + 0,639 + 0,405 , di mana b0 = 304,426 merupakan nilai konstanta. Dari hasil analisis korelasi antara harga dan biaya promosi, menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dalam peningkatan volume penjualan sebab R = 0,957, sedangkan = 0,915 yang artinya ada pengaruh dan hubungan yang simultan antara harga dan promosi.