bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online travel review rating scales and effects on hotel scoring and competitiveness
Authors: Martin-Fuentes Eva , Mellinas Juan Pedro , Parra-Lopez Eduardo 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine whether different scales and ways to collect reviews and ratings found on online travel agencies (OTAs) can affect hotels, and whether hotels obtain the same or different evaluations.

Design/methodology/approach
Hotel ratings from five OTAs in four European markets were collected and compared in pairs. An initial comparison was made with the hotel scores of each OTA to show what a typical user would see. Then, a rescaled score (0-10) was used to compare all the OTA scales appropriately and to distinguish between what customers observe and what the reality is.

Findings
The results reveal that Booking.com that uses a scale (2.5-10) and Agoda with a scale (2-10) seem to give higher rating scores than Atrapalo (1-10), Travel Republic (0-10) and hotel reservation service (1-10). However, when the scores are rescaled (0-10), the worst ratings are found on Booking.com followed by Agoda.

Practical implications
OTAs should include, next to the scores, the scale used to rate hotels so as to provide users with better and clearer information. Moreover, rating questionnaires should match the verbal denominations with their numerical values to avoid biased ratings.

Social implications
OTAs and hotel managers are losing information provided by customers because customers are not aware of the scale when rating hotels. Moreover, hotel ratings are used by potential customers to obtain a clearer image of an establishment. However, if some hotels are being overrated by some scales, customers might have higher expectations, which may not be met.

Originality/value
The unique rating scales of Booking.com and Agoda provide additional insights into their hotel evaluations, which seem to be apparently higher when in fact they are not.
Hospitality technology progress towards intelligent buildings: a perspective article
Authors: Leung Rosanna 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to review the past technology in hotel and forecast the future direction of technology adoption in hotels.

Design/methodology/approach
Academic papers not only from hospitality journals but also from technology-related journals were collected and reviewed to propose the future hospitality technology development trends.

Findings
The hospitality software application has moved from local-based to server-based to Web-based to cloud-based platforms. Business data analysis methods have also undergone an evolution from descriptive analysis using historical data to predictive analysis by mining big data collected from the sensors and web-crawlers, which consolidates both commercial data and macro-environment data. Future hotel buildings could provide ambient management that responses to external environments automatically to provide an eco-friendly and cosy environment to hotel guests. Responsive building envelopes, façade systems and autonomous furniture will allow hotel managers to customised the function space layout according to customers’ needs and maximise unoccupied space utilisation.

Originality/value
Reviewed 75 years of IT evolution and forecast future hotel intelligent building with ambient intelligence to provide customizable, eco-friendly and cosy environment for hotel guests.
Effect of carbon reinforcements on selected properties of mortar
Authors: Ahmed Payman Sahbah , Ahmed Manar Nazar , Saied Samal Osman 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this research is using materials to improve the thermal insulation, and reducing the cost. A large amount of energy is consumed by masonary due to cooling and heating. Adding material with certain percentages to the building materials is one of the ways to improve the thermal insulation, and these additives should keep as much as possible the mechanical properties of the building materials. Carbon additives are one of commonly used materials to masonry materials. In spite of the many advantages of using carbon fibers and carbon nano tubes (CNTs) to the cementitious materials, they are very expansive and their thermal conductivity is high.

Design/methodology/approach
In this research charcoal (which is a product of burning process) with very low thermal conductivity and cost in the form of micro particles will be used with mortar and compared with short carbon fibers and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via thermal conductivity, density and compressive strength tests. This research includes also an effort to build a model of building to evaluate the thermal insulation of the materials used in the practical part. The main building design and performance simulation tool in this research is DesignBuilder.

Findings
Results showed that adding micro charcoal particles to mortar resulted in improving the thermal insulation and decrease the rate of reduction in the compressive strength compared to other additives, while adding short carbon fibers resulted in improving the thermal insulation and decrease the compressive strength. Adding MWCNT to the mortar had a negative effect on mechanical and physical properties, i.e. compressive strength, density and thermal insulation.

Originality/value
This paper uses DesignBuilder software to design a model of building made from the materials used in the practical part to predict and evaluate the thermal insulation.
Fruit traits of pioneer trees structure seed dispersal across distances on tropical deforested landscapes: Implications for restoration
Authors: Camargo Paulo H. S. A. , Pizo Marco A. , Brancalion Pedro H. S. , Carlo Tomás A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Pioneer trees with fleshy fruits are typically planted in restoration projects to attract frugivores as a mean to increase dispersal and accelerate forest regeneration. However, differences in fruit traits of pioneer trees can potentially influence dispersal and their restoration outcomes.

Here we investigated the effects of bird and plant traits, and distance to forest fragments, on the seed rain using a tree‐planting experiment replicated in 12 deforested sites in Brazil. Factors were fruit traits of pioneer trees (wind‐dispersed, bird‐dispersed with lipids or with carbohydrates and controls) and distance (10, 50, 300 m) from forest fragments.

We found that density and richness of birds and seeds decreased exponentially with distance from fragments, yet these effects were minor compared to the effects of fruit traits on the structure of the seed rain.

Overall, plots with fleshy fruited pioneers attracted much greater bird activity and seed dispersal than plots with wind‐dispersal pioneers and the controls. For instance, plots with carbohydrate‐rich fruits received more than twice the average species richness and density of birds and seeds of plots with lipid‐rich pioneer trees, surpassing wind‐dispersed pioneers by more than 80%, and controls by over 90%. Furthermore, the fruit trait treatments resulted in morphological shifts in the average traits of visiting birds. Significant differences in bill gape and flight capacities (wing‐loading) were associated with the differences in the seed rain associated with each treatment.

Synthesis and applications. Understanding how trait‐matching processes mediating mutualistic seed dispersal by frugivores interact with distance‐dependent dispersal limitation on deforested tropical landscapes is critical for improving forest restoration efforts. This is especially relevant in the context of applied nucleation. As shown here, avian seed dispersal can thus be manipulated in restoration projects in order to increase connectivity and speed up forest recovery and the provision of the multiple ecosystem services that follow forest succession.
Wolbachia enhances expression of NlCYP4CE1 in Nilaparvata lugens in response to imidacloprid stress
Authors: Cai Tingwei , Zhang Yunhua , Liu Yu , Deng Xiaoqian , He Shun , Li Jianhong , Wan Hu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is one of the main insect pests of rice. The N. lugens gene NlCYP4CE1 encodes cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450), which is a key enzyme in the metabolism of the insecticide imidacloprid. Previous research has suggested that the expression of NlCYP4CE1 is induced by imidacloprid stress, but the effect of bacterial symbionts on its expression has not been determined. The results of this study show that exposure to subtoxic imidacloprid changed the structure of the bacterial symbiont community in N. lugens. Specifically, the total bacterial content increased, but the bacterial species diversity significantly decreased. Wolbachia accounted for the largest proportion of bacteria in N. lugens; its abundance significantly increased after subtoxic imidacloprid exposure. The transcript level of NlCYP4CE1 was significantly increased by imidacloprid, but this effect was significantly weakened after Wolbachia was cleared with tetracycline. This result suggests that Wolbachia enhances the expression of NlCYP4CE1 to promote the detoxification metabolic response to imidacloprid stress. Understanding the effect of bacterial symbionts on gene expression in the host provides a new perspective on interactions between insecticides and their target insect pests, and highlights that subtoxic imidacloprid exposure may raise the risk of insecticide resistance by altering the structure of bacterial symbiont communities.
Development and characterization of an edible chitosan–whey protein nano composite film for chestnut (Castanea mollissima Bl.) preservation
Authors: Huang Yukai , Gu Caiqin , He Shan , Zhu Dongxue , Liu Xiuchun , Chen Zeyao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChitosan (CHI) and whey protein are usually used to prepare edible films for food preservation. However, the composite film composed of the two components does not yield satisfactory properties for chestnut preservation. In this study, nano‐cellulose and cinnamaldehyde (CMA) were added to CHI and whey protein, creating a new composite film with strong water retention, bacteriostatic, and mechanical properties. The water vapor permeability (WVP) of the film decreased by 21.61% with the addition of 0.5% (w/v) nano‐cellulose, and 23.02% with the addition of 0.3% (w/v) CMA. Furthermore, water solubility (WS) decreased 22.05%, and the density of the film was significantly improved with the addition of 0.3% (w/v) CMA. The optimized formula of the film was CHI 2.5% (w/v), whey protein 3.0% (w/v), nano‐cellulose 0.5% (w/v), CMA 0.3% (w/v), and pH 3.8, as determined by orthogonal testing L9(34), with fuzzy comprehensive assessment, of WVP, WS, tensile strength, and elongation at break. The film clearly inhibited the growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and Chinese chestnut fungus, destroying the mycelial structure of the fungus. In addition, coating effectively reduced the weight loss, mildew rate, and calcification index during 16 days of storage of chestnuts at 25 °C.
Impacts of Variable Climate and Effluent Flows on the Transboundary Santa Cruz Aquifer
Authors: Tapia‐Villaseñor Elia M. , Shamir Eylon , Megdal Sharon B. , Petersen‐Perlman Jacob D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAssessing groundwater resources in the arid and semiarid borderlands of the United States and Mexico represents a challenge for land and water managers, particularly in the Transboundary Santa Cruz Aquifer (TSCA). Population growth, residential construction, and industrial activities have increased groundwater demand in the TSCA, in addition to wastewater treatment and sanitation demands. These activities, coupled with climate variability, influence the hydrology of the TSCA and emphasize the need for groundwater assessment tools for decision‐making purposes. This study assesses the impacts of changes in groundwater demand, effluent discharge, and climate uncertainties within the TSCA from downstream of the Nogales International Wastewater Treatment Plant to the northern boundary of the Santa Cruz Active Management Area. We use a conceptual water budget model to analyze the long‐term impact of the different components of potential recharge and water losses within the aquifer. Modeling results project a future that ranges from severe long‐term drying to positive wetting. This research improves the understanding of the impact of natural and anthropogenic variables on water sustainability, with an accessible methodology that can be globally applied.
SWMM Sensitivity to LID Siting and Routing Parameters: Implications for Stormwater Regulatory Compliance
Authors: Panos Chelsea L. , Wolfand Jordyn M. , Hogue Terri S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCities are experiencing new growth through infill development, or “redevelopment,” where lower density land uses are redeveloped to high density with increased impervious surfaces. Cities need revised stormwater criteria to manage increases in stormwater runoff and flooding from redevelopment via low impact development (LID). Watershed‐scale hydrologic modeling in the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) can help policy makers revise regulations to adapt to redevelopment. However, LID modeling is still relatively new and the understanding of model sensitivity to certain parameters is lacking. In particular, LID siting and routing parameters such as outflow routing from, area treated by, and placement of LID are not well studied. Using a case study of a redeveloping neighborhood in Denver, Colorado, we tested 32 configurations of these parameters in a calibrated, SWMM for PC (PCSWMM) model. We found some configurations lead to counter‐acting model processes that result in similar runoff reduction across a variety of configurations, suggesting to policy makers that reduction targets may be met in a myriad of ways. The relative sensitivity of runoff volume to area treated and LID placement was found to be on average 3.0 and 11.2 times higher than other model parameters. Given this sensitivity, practitioners and modelers should consider LID siting and routing parameters in hydrologic modeling efforts that inform regulations.
Limiting treatment in pre‐hospital care: A prospective, observational multicentre study
Authors: Kangasniemi Heidi , Setälä Piritta , Olkinuora Anna , Huhtala Heini , Tirkkonen Joonas , Kämäräinen Antti , Virkkunen Ilkka , Yli‐Hankala Arvi , Jämsen Esa , Hoppu Sanna 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundData are scarce on the withdrawal of life‐sustaining therapies and limitation of care orders (LCOs) during physician‐staffed Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) missions. We investigated LCOs and the quality of information available when physicians made treatment decisions in pre‐hospital care.MethodsA prospective, nationwide, multicentre study including all Finnish physician‐staffed HEMS bases during a 6‐month study period. All HEMS missions where a patient had pre‐existing LCOs and/or a new LCO were included.ResultsThere were 335 missions with LCOs, which represented 5.7% of all HEMS missions (n = 5895). There were 181 missions with pre‐existing LCOs, and a total of 170 new LCOs were issued. Usually, the pre‐existing LCO was a do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation order only (n = 133, 74%). The most frequent new LCO was ‘termination of cardiopulmonary resuscitation’ only (n = 61, 36%), while ‘no intensive care’ combined with some other LCO was almost as common (n = 54, 32%). When issuing a new LCO for patients who did not have any preceding LCOs (n = 153), in every other (49%) case the physicians thought that the patient should have already had an LCO. When the physician made treatment decisions, patients' background information from on‐scene paramedics was available in 260 (78%) of the LCO missions, while patients' medical records were available in 67 (20%) of the missions.ConclusionMaking LCOs or treating patients with pre‐existing LCOs is an integral part of HEMS physicians' work, with every twentieth mission involving LCO patients. The new LCOs mostly concerned withholding or withdrawal of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and intensive care.
Efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of all available treatments for insomnia in the elderly: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Samara M. T. , Huhn M. , Chiocchia V. , Schneider‐Thoma J. , Wiegand M. , Salanti G. , Leucht S. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesSymptoms of insomnia are highly prevalent in the elderly. A significant number of pharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions exist, but, up‐to‐date, their comparative efficacy and safety has not been sufficiently assessed.MethodsWe integrated the randomized evidence from every available treatment for insomnia in the elderly (>65 years) by performing a network meta‐analysis. Several electronic databases were searched up to May 25, 2019. The two primary outcomes were total sleep time and sleep quality. Data for other 6 efficacy and 8 safety outcomes were also analyzed.ResultsFifty‐three RCTs with 6832 participants (75 years old on average) were included, 43 of which examined the efficacy of one or more drugs. Ten RCTs examined the efficacy of non‐pharmacological interventions and were evaluated only with pairwise meta‐analyses because they were disconnected from the network. The overall confidence in the evidence was very low primarily due to the small amount of data per comparison and their sparse connectedness. Several benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and z‐drugs performed better in both primary outcomes, but few comparisons had data from more than one trial. The limited evidence on non‐pharmacological interventions suggested that acupressure, auricular acupuncture, mindfulness‐based stress reduction program, and tart cherry juice were better than their control interventions. Regarding safety, no clear differences were detected among interventions due to large uncertainty.ConclusionsInsufficient evidence exists on which intervention is more efficacious for elderly patients with insomnia. More RCTs, with longer duration, making more direct interventions among active treatments and presenting more outcomes are urgently needed.
Early salvage radiotherapy in patients with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy: Its impact and optimal candidate
Authors: Tomita Natsuo , Uchiyama Kaoru , Mizuno Tomoki , Imai Mikiko , Sugie Chikao , Ayakawa Shiho , Niwa Masanari , Matsui Tooru , Otsuka Shinya , Manabe Yoshihiko , Nomura Kento , Kondo Takuhito , Kosaki Katsura , Miyakawa Akifumi , Miyamoto Akihiko , Takemoto Shinya , Yasui Takahiro , Shibamoto Yuta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimWe aimed to identify the optimal candidates for early salvage radiotherapy (SRT) among patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP).MethodsThis multi‐institutional retrospective study included 371 patients treated using SRT after RP. The median (range) PSA level at BCR was 0.36 (0.10‐2.00) ng/mL. The association between early SRT (ie, starting PSA level < 0.50) and BCR after SRT was tested in each subgroup according to our own risk stratification.ResultsThe median follow‐up time was 51 months. By multivariate analysis, pT3b, Gleason score ≥ 8, negative surgical margins, PSA doubling time < 6 months, and non‐early SRT were associated with BCR after SRT. Patients were stratified by four risk factors other than non‐early SRT: (1) low risk (0 risk factor), (2) intermediate risk (1 risk factor), and (3) high risk (≥2 risk factors). The BCR‐free survival was higher in the early SRT group than the nonearly SRT group in the high‐risk subgroup (P = 0.020), whereas that was similar between two groups in the low‐risk and intermediate‐risk subgroups (P = .79 and .18, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that early SRT was beneficial for the high‐risk subgroup (P = .032), whereas early SRT was not associated with improved outcomes in the low‐risk and intermediate‐risk subgroups (P = .92 and 1.0, respectively).ConclusionsThis study suggested that early SRT seemed to contribute to better biochemical control for patients with more adverse features, whereas no benefit was observed in men with no adverse features.
Gastrostomy dependency trends over 15 years of patients at a large tertiary referral center following the insertion of a prophylactic gastrostomy for chemoradiation for mucosal head and neck cancer
Authors: Fraser Allison , Odelli Cathy , Britton Ben , Kumar Mahesh , Day Fiona , Tieu Minh Thi , Wratten Chris 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThe routine use of prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes for nutrition support during radical chemoradiation for head and neck cancer has been suggested to result in PEG dependency. This research aimed to determine the rates of gastrostomy dependency at the Calvary Mater Newcastle (CMN) where PEGs are routinely used and to identify potentially modifiable risk factors.MethodsAll patients with head and neck cancer planned for curative chemoradiation with a prophylactic PEG inserted were included in this review. Medical records of 250 patients treated between 2000 and 2015 were examined.ResultsOverall, eight patients (3%) were unable to wean. At 12 months following treatment, 16 patients (6%) still required PEG tubes for feeding. A greater T extent (T4 or synchronous head and neck tumors) and number of days Nil By Mouth (NBM) remained as significant independent risk factors for PEG dependency at 12 months (Textent OR 6.96 P < .001; NBM OR 1.01 P = .004) and overall (Textent OR8.04 P = .02; NBM OR1.01 P = .001). Associations with NBM were investigated, which demonstrated that patients had less NBM days with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) (β‐13.3, P = .007) and seeing a speech pathologist during treatment (β‐11.9, P = .026). More NBM days were associated with tumors with greater T extent (β+22; P < .001).ConclusionThe routine use of prophylactic PEGs has not resulted in significant rates of PEG dependency at the CMN. Seeing a speech pathologist during treatment and IMRT may decrease time NBM, which was identified as a potentially modifiable risk factor for PEG dependency.
Retrospective analysis of hospital admissions due to immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced immune‐related adverse events (irAE)
Authors: Ahern Elizabeth , Allen Michael J , Schmidt Andrew , Lwin Zarnie , Hughes Brett G.M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimHospital admissions secondary to immune‐related adverse events (irAE) arising from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are likely to increase with increasing use of this class of drug. We sought to determine the characteristics and outcomes of hospital admissions due to irAE.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients treated with ICI at two tertiary hospitals in Queensland (Australia) was performed. Patients who received at least one dose of ICI for a nonhaematological malignancy between the 1st January 2016 and 1st January 2017 were included. All subsequent hospital admissions were analyzed.ResultsA total of 140 patients were included, with the most common malignancies being non‐small‐cell‐cell lung cancer (41%) and melanoma (18%), and most patients received anti‐PD1 treatment (78%). A sum of 76 patients accounted for 116 admissions. Comparing admissions due to irAE and non‐irAE, those admitted for irAE had a significantly longer duration on ICI prior to admission (173 vs 105 days, P = 0.04) but durations of admissions were similar (9.0 vs 8.5 days, P = 0.85). Fifteen patients (11% overall cohort) accounted for 18 admissions attributable to 16 separate irAE. irAE was not considered as a differential diagnosis on admission in 7 patients (38%). In those patients, commencement of corticosteroids was delayed (1.5 days, P = 0.01) but this did not translate into adverse outcomes such as prolonged admissions, prolonged steroid use or long‐term complications. All patients with irAE were managed with high‐dose corticosteroids. One death resulted from irAE (pneumonitis).ConclusionsA sum of 11% patients receiving ICI required hospital admission for irAE. The relatively high rate of irAE as a missed differential diagnosis on admission suggests a need for improved cross‐discipline awareness, education, and institutional management guidelines.