bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative genome analysis proposes three new Aureobasidium species isolated from grape juice
Authors: Onetto Cristobal A , Schmidt Simon A , Roach Michael J , Borneman Anthony R 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Aureobasidium pullulans is the most abundant and ubiquitous species within the genus and is also considered a core component of the grape juice microflora. So far, a small number of other Aureobasidium species have been reported, that in contrast to A. pullulans, appear far more constrained to specific habitats. It is unknown whether grape juice is a reservoir of novel Aureobasidium species, overlooked in the course of conventional morphological and meta-barcoding analyses. In this study, eight isolates from grape juice taxonomically classified as Aureobasidium through ITS sequencing were subjected to whole-genome phylogenetic, synteny and nucleotide identity analyses, which revealed three isolates to likely represent newly discovered Aureobasidium species. Analyses of ITS and metagenomic sequencing datasets show that these species can be present in grape juice samples from different locations and vintages. Functional annotation revealed the Aureobasidium isolates possess the genetic potential to support growth on the surface of plants and grapes. However, the loss of several genes associated with tolerance to diverse environmental stresses suggest a more constrained ecological range than A. pullulans.
Physiology of Astroglial Excitability
Authors: Verkhratsky Alexei , Semyanov Alexey , Zorec Robert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClassic physiology divides all neural cells into excitable neurons and nonexcitable neuroglia. Neuroglial cells, chiefly responsible for homeostasis and defense of the nervous tissue, coordinate their complex homeostatic responses with neuronal activity. This coordination reflects a specific form of glial excitability mediated by complex changes in intracellular concentration of ions and second messengers organized in both space and time. Astrocytes are equipped with multiple molecular cascades, which are central for regulating homeostasis of neurotransmitters, ionostasis, synaptic connectivity, and metabolic support of the central nervous system. Astrocytes are further provisioned with multiple receptors for neurotransmitters and neurohormones, which upon activation trigger intracellular signals mediated by Ca2+, Na+, and cyclic AMP. Calcium signals have distinct organization and underlying mechanisms in different astrocytic compartments thus allowing complex spatiotemporal signaling. Signals mediated by fluctuations in cytosolic Na+ are instrumental for coordination of Na+ dependent astrocytic transporters with tissue state and homeostatic demands. Astroglial ionic excitability may also involve K+, H+, and Cl−. The cyclic AMP signalling system is, in comparison to ions, much slower in targeting astroglial effector mechanisms. This evidence review summarizes the concept of astroglial intracellular excitability.
The Economic Consequences of Gray Divorce for Women and Men
Authors: Lin I-Fen , Brown Susan L 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesGray divorce, which describes divorce among persons aged 50 and older, is increasingly common reflecting the doubling of the gray divorce rate since 1990. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the consequences of gray divorce and in particular how women and men fare economically during the aftermath.MethodUsing longitudinal data from the 2004–2014 Health and Retirement Study, we estimated hybrid fixed/random-effects models comparing women’s and men’s economic well-being prior to, during, and following gray divorce and subsequent repartnering.ResultsWomen experienced a 45% decline in their standard of living (measured by an income-to-needs ratio), whereas men’s dropped by just 21%. These declines persisted over time for men, and only reversed for women following repartnering, which essentially offset women’s losses associated with gray divorce. No gender gap emerged for changes in wealth following divorce with both women and men experiencing roughly a 50% drop. Similarly, repartnering was ameliorative only for women’s wealth.DiscussionGray divorce is often financially devastating, especially for women. Although repartnering seems to reverse most of the economic costs of gray divorce for women, few form new co-residential unions after divorce. This study offers a cautionary tale about the financial aftermath of gray divorce, which is likely to contribute to growing economic disadvantage among older adults.
Estimating Fmsy from an ensemble of data sources to account for density dependence in Northeast Atlantic fish stocks
Authors: Sparholt Henrik , Bogstad Bjarte , Christensen Villy , Collie Jeremy , van Gemert Rob , Hilborn Ray , Horbowy Jan , Howell Daniel , Melnychuk Michael C , Pedersen Søren Anker , Sparrevohn Claus Reedtz , Stefansson Gunnar , Steingrund Petur 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A new approach for estimating the fishing mortality benchmark Fmsy (fishing pressure that corresponds to maximum sustainable yield) is proposed. The approach includes density-dependent factors. The analysis considers 53 data-rich fish stocks in the Northeast Atlantic. The new Fmsy values are estimated from an ensemble of data sources: (i) applying traditional surplus production models on time-series of historic stock sizes, fishing mortalities, and catches from the current annual assessments; (ii) dynamic pool model (e.g. age-structured models) estimation for stocks where data on density-dependent growth, maturity, and mortality are available; (iii) extracts from multispecies and ecosystem literature for stocks where well-tested estimates are available; (iv) the “Great Experiment” where fishing pressure on the demersal stocks in the Northeast Atlantic slowly increased for half a century; and (v) linking Fmsy to life history parameters. The new Fmsy values are substantially higher (average equal to 0.38 year−1) than the current Fmsy values (average equal to 0.26 year−1) estimated in stock assessments and used by management, similar to the fishing pressure in the 1960s, and about 30% lower than the fishing pressure in 1970–2000.
Cardiac haemangioma treated with surgical resection involving reconstruction of the right ventricle
Authors: Takago Shintaro , Iino Kenji , Yamamoto Yoshitaka , Takemura Hirofumi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A right ventricular cardiac tumour was incidentally detected in a 50-year-old woman during medical check-up. Transthoracic echocardiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the right ventricular tumour was widely attached to the free wall of the right ventricle and extended to the right ventricular outflow tract. The tumour was excised surgically, and the postoperative course was uneventful. Histological examination revealed that the tumour was a cardiac haemangioma.
The impact of stringent prescription-only antimicrobial sale regulation (Schedule H1) in India: an interrupted time series analysis, 2008–18
Authors: Farooqui Habib Hasan , Selvaraj Sakthivel , Mehta Aashna , Mathur Manu Raj 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the impact of Schedule H1 regulation notified and implemented in 2014 under the amended rules of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act (DCA), 1940 on the sale of antimicrobials in the private sector in India.

Methods
The dataset was obtained from the Indian pharmaceutical sales database, PharmaTrac. The outcome measure was the sales volume of antimicrobials in standard units (SUs). A quasi-experimental research design—interrupted time series analysis—was used to detect the impact of the intervention.

Results
We observed a substantial rise in antimicrobial consumption during 2008–18 in the private sector in India, both for antimicrobials regulated under Schedule H1 as well as outside the regulation. Key results suggested that post-intervention there was an immediate reduction (level change) in use of Schedule H1 antimicrobials by 10% (P = 0.007), followed by a sustained decline (trend change) in utilization by 9% (P &gt; 0.000) compared with the pre-intervention trend. Segregated analysis on different antimicrobial classes suggests a sharp drop (level changes) and sustained decline (trend changes) in utilization post-intervention compared with the pre-intervention trend. Our findings remained robust on carrying out sensitivity analysis with the oral anti-diabetics market as a control. Post-intervention, the average monthly difference between antimicrobials under Schedule H1 and the control group witnessed an immediate increase of 16.3% (P = 0.10) followed by a sustained reduction of 0.5% (P = 0.13) compared with the pre-intervention scenario.

Conclusions
Though the regulation had a positive impact in terms of reducing sales of antimicrobials notified under the regulation, optimizing the effectiveness of such stand-alone policies will be limited unless accompanied by a broader set of interventions.
American Burn Association Guidelines on the Management of Acute Pain in the Adult Burn Patient: A Review of the Literature, a Compilation of Expert Opinion, and Next Steps
Authors: Romanowski Kathleen S , Carson Joshua , Pape Kate , Bernal Eileen , Sharar Sam , Wiechman Shelley , Carter Damien , Liu Yuk Ming , Nitzschke Stephanie , Bhalla Paul , Litt Jeffrey , Przkora Rene , Friedman Bruce , Popiak Stephanie , Jeng James , Ryan Colleen M , Joe Victor 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ABA pain guidelines were developed 14 years ago and have not been revised despite evolution in the practice of burn care. A sub-committee of the American Burn Association’s Committee on the Organization and Delivery of Burn Care was created to revise the adult pain guidelines. A MEDLINE search of English-language publications from 1968 to 2018 was conducted using the keywords “burn pain,” “treatment,” and “assessment.” Selected references were also used from the greater pain literature. Studies were graded by two members of the committee using Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine—Levels of Evidence. We then met as a group to determine expert consensus on a variety of topics related to treating pain in burn patients. Finally, we assessed gaps in the current knowledge and determined research questions that would aid in providing better recommendations for optimal pain management of the burn patient. The literature search produced 189 papers, 95 were found to be relevant to the assessment and treatment of burn pain. From the greater pain literature 151 references were included, totaling 246 papers being analyzed. Following this literature review, a meeting to establish expert consensus was held and 20 guidelines established in the areas of pain assessment, opioid medications, nonopioid medications, regional anesthesia, and nonpharmacologic treatments. There is increasing research on pain management modalities, but available studies are inadequate to create a true standard of care. We call for more burn specific research into modalities for burn pain control as well as research on multimodal pain control.
The Body Upon the (Lynching) Tree: the Humanity of Jesus in James Cone and Reinhold Niebuhr
Authors: Tafilowski Ryan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In The Cross and the Lynching Tree, James Cone addresses Reinhold Niebuhr’s complicated record on the so-called ‘Negro Question’. Although Niebuhr was keenly aware of and sensitive to black suffering and the systemic injustices which produced it, he failed to see any explicit relationship between the crucifixion of Jesus and the lynching of black persons. But what accounts for this failure? While Cone rightly posits Niebuhr’s limited theological imagination and sparse contact with African Americans as contributing factors, this essay argues, first, that Niebuhr cannot connect cross and lynching tree because of an anaemic and implicitly docetic Christology. It then suggests, second, that only an anti-docetic Christology with a robust account of Jesus’s humanity, such as Cone’s, can interpret black suffering christologically. To state the thesis in Niebuhrian idiom: Niebuhr takes the humanity of Jesus literally, but not seriously, whereas Cone takes the blackness of Jesus’s flesh seriously, but not literally.
Ketogenic diet and cognition in neurological diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Pavón S , Lázaro E , Martínez O , Amayra I , López-Paz J F , Caballero P , Al-Rashaida M , Luna P M , García M , Pérez M , Berrocoso S , Rodríguez A A , Pérez-Núñez P 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Context
In recent years, the ketogenic diet has gained special relevance as a possible therapeutic alternative to some neurological and chronic diseases.

Objective
The aim of this systematic review was to answer the following question: Does a ketogenic diet improve cognitive skills in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, refractory epilepsy, and type 1 glucose deficiency syndrome? To define the research question, the PICOS criteria were used, following the guidelines of the PRISMA method.

Data sources
Medline/PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Dialnet, EBSCOhost, Mediagraphic, Sage Journals, ProQuest, and Wiley Online Library databases were used.

Data extraction
After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria in accordance with the PRISMA method, a total of 63 entries published between 2004 and 2019 were used.

Data analysis
The records extracted were analyzed from a qualitative approach, so no statistical analysis was carried out.

Conclusion
Although scientific literature on the subject is scarce and there has tended to be a lack of scientific rigor, the studies reviewed confirmed the effectiveness of this diet in improving the cognitive symptomatology of the aforementioned diseases.
Clinical Update for Physical Therapists: Coagulopathy and COVID-19
Authors: Lukaszewicz Kathleen , Hillegass Ellen , Puthoff Michael L , MacPhedran A Kate 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Physical therapists have a unique role in both prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) through the promotion of early mobility and physical activity and diagnosis through discovery of signs and symptoms of VTE. This Perspective updates clinicians on the latest information regarding pathophysiology of coagulopathy associated with COVID-19 and applies VTE clinical practice guidelines to COVID-19 in order to provide guidance on physical therapist management.
Seasonal Dynamics of Core Fungi in the Switchgrass Phyllosphere, and Co-Occurrence with Leaf Bacteria
Authors: Bowsher Alan W. , Benucci Gian Maria Niccolò , Bonito Gregory , Shade Ashley 
Published: September 2020

Plant leaves harbor complex microbial communities that influence plant health and productivity. Nevertheless, a detailed understanding of phyllosphere community assembly and drivers is needed, particularly for phyllosphere fungi. Here, we investigated seasonal dynamics of epiphytic phyllosphere fungal communities in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a focal bioenergy crop. We also leverage previously published data on switchgrass phyllosphere bacterial communities from the same experimental plants, allowing us to compare fungal and bacterial dynamics and explore interdomain network associations in the switchgrass phyllosphere. Overall, we found a strong impact of sampling date on fungal community composition, with multiple taxonomic levels exhibiting clear temporal patterns in relative abundance. In addition, leaf nitrogen concentration, leaf dry matter content, plant height, and minimum daily air temperature explained significant variation in phyllosphere fungal communities, likely due to their correlation with sampling date. Finally, among the core taxa, fungi–bacteria network associations were much more common than bacteria–bacteria associations, suggesting the importance of interdomain phylogenetic diversity in microbiome assembly. Although our findings highlight the complexity of phyllosphere microbiome assembly, the clear temporal patterns in lineage-specific fungal abundances give promise to the potential for accurately predicting shifts in fungal phyllosphere communities throughout the growing season, a key research priority for sustainable agriculture. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Biologic therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus: where are we now?
Authors: Murphy Grainne , Isenberg David A. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose of reviewConventional approaches using hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids and immunosuppressives have improved the prognosis for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Unfortunately, they have reached the limits of what they can achieve and patients still die prematurely and/or find their quality of life greatly impaired. Here, we discuss the problems of assessing activity in SLE, optimizing clinical trial design and more recent biologic approaches.Recent findingsThe success of B-cell depletion using Rituximab in open clinical studies, the approval of Belimumab (blocks the B-cell activating factor BAFF) and improvements in clinical trial design, gives cause for hope. Approaches including the use of fully humanized anti-CD20 and CD19 monoclonals, blocking interferons, inhibiting Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), blocking the CD40 ligand (CD40L), utilizing an analogue of the FcɣRIIB and an IL12-23 blocker and targeting the JAK-STAT pathway have met end points in phase II and III trials.SummaryFor 20 years, we hoped that the successes of the biologic therapies in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis would be replicated in SLE but we have been generally disappointed. However, the encouraging recent results with monoclonals that block interferon and fully humanized anti-CD20 in particular, offer the prospect of a real revolution in the treatment of SLE.
Detection, screening, and classification of interstitial lung disease in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Hoffmann-Vold Anna-Maria , Molberg Øyvind 
Published: September 2020

Purpose of review
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) associates with disease burden and reduced life expectancy in systemic sclerosis (SSc). As ILD afflicts around 50% of SSc patients and is often present from early on, there is rationale for early and universal ILD screening. With the approval of the first SSc-ILD therapy last year, there is an increasing need for ILD classifications to assign the right treatment to the right patient. Here, we discuss recent advances on screening, detection, and classification of SSc-ILD.

Recent findings
Although prospective datasets from a nationwide population-based SSc cohort confirm insufficient sensitivity of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) for ILD screening, they provide strong support for lung high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) as the primary tool to detect ILD. Lung ultrasound shows promise as an additional screening tool. Interpreting statements from a new European consensus on SSc-ILD management, we propose an urgent need for integrated SSc classification, grading ILD severity at time of diagnosis and evaluate risk for ILD progression. We discuss advances on potential parameters for such classification, including PFTs, quantitative HRCT analyses, patient-reported outcome measures, functional exercise capacity tests, and soluble biomarkers.

Summary
Early screening to diagnose ILD is feasible. With new therapies at hand, there is a need for integrated ILD classification including severity grading and risk for progression.
The Optimal Timing of Hydrogel Injection for Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Liu Zhiguo , Li Jianwen , Hu Minghsien , Wang Xiaoshuai , Chen Ningning , Cui Shangbin , Li Songbo , Liu Hanzhong , Chen Guoliang , Pan Ximin , Sun Haixing , Liu Shaoyu , Wei Fuxin 
Published: September 2020

Study Design.
Animal experimental study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal time of hydrogel injection for regenerating intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) based on T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Summary of Background Data.
Currently, different approaches are being pursued to regenerate the IDD. However, the optimal timing for the regenerative intervention is unclear.

Methods.
The slowly, progressive IDD models were established in 18 rhesus monkeys. On the basis of the MR T1ρ values of the discs, the rhesus monkeys were divided into severe (T1ρ values: <81 ms), moderate (T1ρ values: 81∼95 ms), and mild (T1ρ values: 96∼110 ms) degeneration groups. Biocompatible hydrogel was injected into the central part of the nucleus pulposus of the discs under fluoroscopic guidance. Treatment effects were investigated using radiography, T1ρ MRI, and histology until 12 months postoperatively.

Results.
After injection, the T1ρ values of all the discs increased significantly at 1 month postoperatively, and then remained at approximately 110 ms in the mild and moderate groups during the whole observation period, with no significant difference compared to the values at 1 month (P > 0.05). However, in the severe group, the T1ρ values decreased significantly after 1 month and leveled at approximately 70 ms after 6 months, with significant difference compared to the values at 1 month (P < 0.05). In the mild and moderate groups, there were no significant differences between preoperative histological scores and those at 12 months (P > 0.05). However, the histological score in the severe group at 12 months was significantly higher than the preoperative scores (P < 0.05).

Conclusion.
This study suggested that the moderate degenerative stage of IDD (T1ρ values from 95 to 80 ms) could be the optimal time for hydrogel injection aimed at the regenerative intervention, based on T1ρ-MR imaging technique and quantitative analysis.

Level of Evidence: N/A
Molecular alterations in meningioma: prognostic and therapeutic perspectives
Authors: Birzu Cristina , Peyre Matthieu , Sahm Felix 
Published: September 2020

Purpose of reviewTo discuss recent advances in the meningioma biology and their clinical implications.Recent findingsMeningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor. Mostly benign, 20% of cases display an aggressive behavior despite best standard of care. The genetic landscape of meningiomas is divided according toNF2mutational status. Although about 60% of meningiomas displayNF2mutations, the other share is more heterogenous. Mutations inTRAF7,SMO, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1), PI3KCAandKLF4are seen mostly in WHO grade 1 meningiomas. In higher grade meningiomas, mutations of theTERTpromoter and deletions ofCDKN2A/Bemerge and have prognostic value. Moreover, mutations inDMD,BAP1andPBRM1have recently been discovered and are being further explored. DNA methylation subgroups offer valuable insight into meningioma prognosis and its implementation in clinical setting is under evaluation. Moreover, the study of distinct meningioma populations such as radiation-induced meningioma and progestin-associated meningioma may provide further insight into meningioma oncogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.SummaryThe mutational landscape of meningioma has expanded following the use of the new genetic sequencing approaches. Novel mutations have been characterized and reveal their prognostic and therapeutic applications. This improved understanding of meningioma biology has promising implications for novel treatment strategies.
Interprofessional Collaboration Improves Uptake of Flu Vaccines on a College Campus
Authors: Hargrave Kristi 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT:
In spite of an increased risk of transmission of influenza on college campuses, only 20% or fewer of college students in the United States receive the flu vaccine. This project evaluated an existing university program for flu vaccination, resulting in a collaboration pilot program in which a pharmacy conducted a mobile health clinic on campus. The percentage of students who obtained a flu vaccine from this initiative rose from about 4% to 9.46%, a 131% increase over the historical average.