bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Medium pH and Preconditioning Treatment on Protein Adsorption on 45S5 Bioactive Glass Surfaces
Authors: Höhn Sarah , Zheng Kai , Romeis Stefan , Brehl Martin , Peukert Wolfgang , de Ligny Dominique , Virtanen Sannakaisa , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProtein adsorption on 45S5 bioactive glass (BG, Bioglass) surfaces influences the biocompatibility of Bioglass and the cellular response to the material. The medium pH greatly affects protein adsorption behavior. However, the influence of pH variation on protein adsorption on Bioglass has not been investigated in detail before, although an acidifying pH has been observed in fractured or injured bone tissues. This study investigates how the medium pH (pH 7, 5, and 2) affects protein (serum albumin) adsorption on Bioglass with or without preconditioning in simulated body fluid (SBF). The results show that Bioglass can adsorb a larger amount of bovine serum albumin (BSA) than bioinert glasses at all tested pHs. The BSA adsorption on Bioglass surfaces is pH‐dependent and a larger amount of adsorbed BSA is observed at lower pH (5 and 2). After preconditioning, BSA adsorption is significantly enhanced. However, the trend of pH‐dependent adsorption is attenuated. No significant difference in BSA adsorption is observed at different pHs after preconditioning. The results reveal for the first time the influence of medium pH on protein adsorption on Bioglass with or without preconditioning treatment in SBF, which provides useful information for developing Bioglass based biomedical devices that will be in contact with protein‐containing physiological fluids during applications.
Observation of Two Thresholds Leading to Polariton Condensation in 2D Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Polimeno Laura , Fieramosca Antonio , Lerario Giovanni , Cinquino Marco , De Giorgi Milena , Ballarini Dario , Todisco Francesco , Dominici Lorenzo , Ardizzone Vincenzo , Pugliese Marco , Prontera Carmela T. , Maiorano Vincenzo , Gigli Giuseppe , De Marco Luisa , Sanvitto Daniele 
Published: May 2020

Abstract2D perovskites are promising materials for photonic applications, given their outstanding nonlinear optical properties, ease of fabrication, and versatility. In particular, exploiting their high oscillator strength, the crystalline form of 2D perovskites can be used as excitonic medium in optical microcavities, allowing for the study of their optical properties in the strong light–matter coupling regime. While polariton condensation is observed in different materials at room temperature, for the first time two distinct threshold processes in a 2D perovskite are observed, a material that has never shown spontaneous phase transition up to now. In particular, lasing from the bi‐exciton state is also demonstrated, which contributes to populate the lower polariton branch and, at higher excitation powers, eventually leads to the formation of a polariton condensate. The emission linewidth narrowing and a spatial coherence over 50 × 50 μm2 area is the smoking gun of a quantum coherent state formation in the 2D hybrid perovskite. The results not only show the formation of a polariton condensate in 2D perovskites but they are also crucial for the understanding of the physical mechanisms that lead to coherent phase transition in perovskite‐based polariton microcavities.
Understanding of Luminescence Properties Using Direct Measurements on Eu2+‐Doped Wide Bandgap Phosphors
Authors: Amin Muhammad Ruhul , Strobel Philipp , Qamar Amir , Giftthaler Tobias , Schnick Wolfgang , Moewes Alexander 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent developments in solid‐state lighting lead to a demand for new phosphors with excellent thermal stability, exhibiting large bandgaps for highly efficient emission. A detailed characterization of the luminescent material AELi2Be4O6:Eu2+ (AE = Ba, Sr) is presented using soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray emission spectroscopy, X‐ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The experimental indirect bandgap for both BaLi2Be4O6:Eu2+ (BLBO:Eu) and SrLi2Be4O6:Eu2+ (SLBO:Eu) is found to be 6.5 ± 0.3 eV, which agrees well with the DFT calculations (6.8 eV for BLBO:Eu and 7.4 eV for SLBO:Eu). The crucial Eu2+ 5d to conduction band energy separation is determined to be 0.21 ± 0.10 and 0.25 ± 0.10 eV for BLBO:Eu and SLBO:Eu, respectively, using resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering. These measured values are in good agreement with the thermal quenching measurements (0.20 ± 0.03 eV for BLBO:Eu and 0.26 ± 0.03 eV for SLBO:Eu). Finally, the XEOL measurement confirms the Eu2+ 5d14f6 → 4f7 transition, which is responsible for the ultranarrow band (full width at half‐maximum: 25 nm) blue optical luminescence at 455–457 nm for both compounds. With these measurements and calculations, deep insights are gained into the key properties of those two phosphors.
Finite‐Element‐Based Deep‐Learning Model for Deformation Behavior of Digital Materials
Authors: Zhang Zhizhou , Gu Grace X. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSmart composite materials fabricated through 4D‐printing methods are attracting enormous research attention for their ability to respond (typically deform) under external stimuli. The design process for such smart materials requires iterations of finite‐element simulations that are computationally expensive. Recently, researchers have tried replacing numerical simulations with machine learning (ML) models to predict the output at a much higher speed. However, there exist very few studies that explore the model algorithm's expressive capacity and analyze the physical interpretation based on the problem. This paper focuses on using ML to predict the nonlinear deformation behavior of digital materials. Various problem construction approaches and model performance are compared and discussed. It is shown that clustering the materials helps improve the generalization of training and models that treat material features as an array of numbers still face difficulties to provide accurate predictions. Inspired by modern computer vision technologies, convolutional kernels outperform other methods by recognizing the material distribution patterns. The performance is further enhanced after reconstructing the regression problem into classification. Moreover, high‐level material design information can be extracted from the model through a sensitivity analysis. This framework may greatly improve the response prediction and design process for 4D‐printed smart materials.
Tissue Factor‐Targeted ImmunoPET Imaging and Radioimmunotherapy of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Wei Weijun , Liu Qiufang , Jiang Dawei , Zhao Haitao , Kutyreff Christopher J. , Engle Jonathan W. , Liu Jianjun , Cai Weibo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAnaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the most aggressive subtype of thyroid cancers with a dismal prognosis. It is aimed to explore a new biomarker and devise a marker‐dependent theranostic pair for ATC. Flow cytometry is used to determine tissue factor (TF) expression in thyroid cancer cell lines. ALT‐836, a TF‐specific monoclonal antibody, is radiolabeled with 64Cu to develop 64Cu‐NOTA‐ALT‐836. The diagnostic utility is assessed by immuno‐positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging in ATC models. To facilitate total surgical removal of orthotopic ATCs, a near‐infrared fluorescent imaging probe IRDye 800CW‐ALT‐836 is designed. As the therapeutic component, 131I‐ALT‐836 is further developed and the radioimmunotherapy (RIT) efficacy of this agent is interrogated in orthotopic ATC models. The results demonstrate that TF is highly expressed on the ATC cell line THJ‐16T. 64Cu‐NOTA‐ALT‐836 immunoPET imaging clearly delineates both subcutaneous and orthotopic ATCs, with a peak tumor uptake of 19.93 ± 2.17% ID per g (n = 3) and 37.20 ± 1.71% ID per g (n = 3), respectively. Fluorescent imaging with IRDye 800CW‐ALT‐836 facilitates the total resection of orthotopic ATCs. Moreover, 131I‐ALT‐836 RIT prolongs the survival of ATC‐bearing mice. Taken together, TF is a promising marker for ATC and successive use of 64Cu‐NOTA‐ALT‐836 and 131I‐ALT‐836 can realize precise management of ATC.
Improving the Interfacial Stability between Lithium and Solid‐State Electrolyte via Dipole‐Structured Lithium Layer Deposited on Graphene Oxide
Authors: Wang Muqin , Peng Zhe , Luo Wenwei , Zhang Qiang , Li Zhendong , Zhu Yun , Lin Huan , Cai Liangting , Yao Xiayin , Ouyang Chuying , Wang Deyu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUtilization of lithium (Li) metal anode in solid‐state batteries (SSBs) with sulfide solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) is hindered by the instable Li/SSE interface. A general solution to solve this problem is to place an expensive indium (In) foil between the SSE and Li, while it decreases the output voltage and thus the energy density of the battery. In this work, an alternative strategy is demonstrated to boost the cycling performances of SSB by wrapping a graphene oxide (GO) layer on the anode. According to density functional theory results, initial deposition of a thin Li layer on the defective GO sheets leads to the formation of a dipole structure, due to the electron‐withdrawing ability of GO acting on Li. By incorporating GO sheets in a nanocomposite of copper‐cuprous oxide‐GO (Cu‐Cu2O‐GO, CCG), a composite Li anode enables a high coulombic efficiency above 99.5% over 120 cycles for an SSB using Li10GeP2S12 SSE and LiCoO2 cathode, and the sulfide SSE is not chemically decomposed after cycling. The highest occupied molecule orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gap of this Li/GO dipole structure likely stretches over those of Li and sulfide SSE, enabling stabilized Li/SSE interface that can replace the expensive In layer as Li protective structure in SSBs.
Latent Photoinduced Oxygen Doping Revealed from Emission Saturation of Aggregated Domains in Conjugated Polymer Nanofibers
Authors: Walwark David J. , Martin Thomas P. , Grey John K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhotoinduced oxidation (doping) of conjugated polymers by complexation with oxygen can have a significant impact on electronic properties and performance in device environments. Nanofiber model forms of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) are investigated using single molecule spectroscopy that possess similar morphological qualities as their bulk thin film counterparts yet, heterogeneity is confined to the spatial dimensions of these particles. Specifically, P3HT nanofibers assembled in anisole solutions contain both aggregated and nonaggregated (amorphous) chains with distinct electronic properties. Excitation intensity dependent photoluminescence (PL) emission imaging is then used to expose differences in oxygen affinity and reactivity upon photoexcitation. Nanofiber regions with low PL yields tend to show faster PL intensity saturation that also degrade much faster following periods of high excitation intensity soaking. Conversely, other regions show gains in PL intensity and virtually no saturation. These PL “gainer” and “loser” behaviors are assigned as originating from amorphous and aggregated P3HT chains, respectively. The apparent propensity of aggregated chains to undergo latent oxygen doping indicates a greater affinity probably due to a larger extent of electronic delocalization in these structures. The results shed new light on degradation factors studied frequently at the bulk material level, which often lacks sufficient sensitivity to specific structural forms.
Microdischarge‐Based Direct Current Triboelectric Nanogenerator via Accumulation of Triboelectric Charge in Atmospheric Condition
Authors: Yoon Hong‐Joon , Kang Minki , Seung Wanchul , Kwak Sung Soo , Kim Jihye , Kim Hyoung Taek , Kim Sang‐Woo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDirect conversion of mechanical energy into direct current (DC) by triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is one of the desired features in terms of energy conversion efficiency. Although promising applications have been reported using the triboelectric effect, effective DC generating TENGs must be developed for practical purposes. Here, it is reported that continuous DC generation within a TENG itself, without any circuitry, can be achieved by triggering air breakdown via triboelectrification. It is demonstrated that DC generation occurs in combination with i) charge accumulation to generate air breakdown, ii) incident discharge (microdischarge), and iii) conveyance of charges to make the device sustainable. 10.5 mA m−2 of output current and 10.6 W m−2 of output power at 33 MΩ load resistance are achieved. Compared to the best DC generating TENGs ever reported, the TENG in this present study generates about 20 times larger root‐mean square current density.
Effects of long‐term fertilizer management on soil bacterial diversity in double‐cropping paddy field of southern China
Authors: Tang Haiming , Xu Yilan , Li Chao , Xiao Xiaoping , Cheng Kaikai , Shi Lihong , Pan Xiaochen , Li Weiyan , Wen Li 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe soil physicochemical properties were affected by different fertilizer management, and the soil microbial communities were also changed. However, there is limited information about influence of long‐term fertilizer management on soil bacterial diversity in a double‐cropping rice (Oryza sativa L.) field. Therefore, the 34‐yr long‐term fertilizer regime on soil bacterial diversity in a double‐cropping paddy field of southern China were studied by using Illumina sequencing and quantitative technology in the present paper. The filed experiment were including mineral fertilizer alone (MF), rice straw residue and mineral fertilizer (RF), 30% manure and 70% mineral fertilizer (OM), and without fertilizer input as control (CK). The results indicated that application of manure and rice straw residue management increase soil volumetric water content, NO3−N and NH4−N contents. Compared with CK treatment, the diversity indices of soil microbial communities, value of Richness, Shannon and McIntosh indices, and taxonomic diversity were increased with RF and OM treatments. The phyla Planctomycetes, Acidobacteriales, Fimicutes, and Actinobacteria were the most abundant in the soil samples. Application of manure and rice straw residue management increase soil bacterial abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria. Meanwhile, the results also showed that there was a significant correlation between soil texture and relative abundances of Acidobacteriales, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Alphaproteobacteria. Therefore, the combined application of manure or rice straw residue with mineral fertilizer management could significantly increase the abundance of profitable functional bacteria species and soil nutrient status in a double‐cropping rice field of southern China.
Melatonin for delirium prevention in acute medically ill, and perioperative geriatric patients
Authors: Asleson Demi R. , Chiu Ada W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDelirium is a challenging neuropsychiatric ailment that has a negative impact on morbidity and mortality and is difficult to treat once it has developed. The purpose of this review was to analyze the efficacy of melatonin in the prevention of delirium in hospitalized geriatric patients in the acute medically ill and perioperative wards. The databases searched included PubMed (1946 to February 12, 2020), CINAHL (1982 to February 12, 2020), EMBASE (1974 to February 12, 2020), and Web of Science (1900 to February 12, 2020) using search terms related to melatonin, delirium, and prevention. Meta‐analyses, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies were included. We excluded publications pertaining to the intensive care unit or oncology, case reports/series, and those not in English. Seven full‐text publications were included for qualitative analysis. Patient comorbidities, patient medications, melatonin dosing, dosing regimens, and duration of treatment varied between the studies, which yielded heterogeneous results. Overall, this literature review yielded four studies that showed positive results and three that showed negative results for delirium prevention. The current data for the use of melatonin in delirium is conflicting. This area requires further research of more homogeneous studies with larger sample sizes.
ABVD vs BEACOPP escalated in advanced‐stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma: Results from a multicenter European study
Authors: Mondello Patrizia , Musolino Caterina , Dogliotti Irene , Bohn Jan‐Paul , Cavallo Federica , Ferrero Simone , Botto Barbara , Cerchione Claudio , Nappi Davide , De Lorenzo Sonya , Martinelli Giovanni , Wolf Dominik , Schmitt Clemens , Loseto Giacomo , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Willenbacher Wolfgang , Mian Michael , Straus David J 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe optimal first‐line treatment for advanced‐stage Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is still a matter of debate. While ABVD is less toxic and as effective as other, more intensive chemotherapy regimens, escalated BEACOPP (BEACOPPesc) is superior to ABVD for initial disease control and prolonged time‐to‐relapse. However, this advantage is associated with higher rate of early and late toxicities. As most of these data have been accumulated from clinical trials, a retrospective analysis was conducted in a large database of patients treated outside clinical trials to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of these regimes in a real‐world setting. From October 2009 to October 2018, 397 advanced‐stage HL patients treated with either ABVD or BEACOPPesc were retrospectively assessed in 7 European cancer centers (2 Austrian and 5 Italian centers). Complete metabolic remission (CMR) by PET was achieved in 76% and 85% of patients in the ABVD and BEACOPPesc groups, respectively (p = .01). Severe adverse events occurred more frequently with BEACOPPesc than ABVD. At a median follow‐up of 8 years, 9% of the patients who achieved CMR after BEACOPPesc relapsed compared to 16.6% in the ABVD group (p = .043). No statistical difference in progression free survival (PFS) was observed between the two cohorts overall (p = .11), but there was a trend towards a superior PFS in high‐risk patients treated with BEACOPPesc (p = .074). Nevertheless, overall survival was similar between the two groups (p = .94). In conclusion, we confirm that ABVD is an effective and less toxic therapeutic option for advanced‐stage HL. Although BEACOPP results in better initial tumor control, the long‐term outcome remains similar between the two regimens.
Systematic review of posttraumatic stress disorder in police officers following routine work‐related critical incident exposure
Authors: Wagner Shannon L. , White Nicole , Fyfe Trina , Matthews Lynda R. , Randall Christine , Regehr Cheryl , White Marc , Alden Lynn E. , Buys Nicholas , Carey Mary G. , Corneil Wayne , Fraess‐Phillips Alex , Krutop Elyssa , Fleischmann Matthew H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of PTSD in police officers has been the subject of a large and highly variable empirical literature. The present systematic review evaluates the extant literature on PTSD in police officers using an international dataset.MethodsWe employed best‐evidence narrative synthesis to evaluate whether PTSD prevalence in police is elevated in comparison to the general population of Canada (8%), which itself has a higher lifetime PTSD prevalence than many other regions and thus serves as a conservative standard of comparison.ResultsPTSD prevalence in police varied considerably across studies from 0% ‐ 44% (M = 14.87%, Median = 9.2%). Despite this variability, strong evidence exists to suggest PTSD prevalence is elevated in police officers. Examination of possible sources of variability in prevalence outcomes highlighted substantial variability in outcomes due to the selection of measurement tool for assessing PTSD (e.g., DSM vs. IES). Examination of commonly‐assessed predictive factors for PTSD risk across the literature showed that individual‐difference factors (e.g., age, years of service) bear weak‐to‐nonexistent relationships with PTSD risk, while incident‐specific factors (e.g., severity of exposure) are more strongly and consistently associated with PTSD prevalence. Organizational factors (e.g., low support from supervisor) are at present understudied but important possible contributors to PTSD risk.ConclusionsPTSD prevalence is elevated in police officers and appears most strongly related to workplace exposure. Measurement variability remains a critical source of inconsistencies across the literature with drastic implications for accurate detection of officers in need of mental health intervention.
Persistence of positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction test result for 24 days in a hospitalized asymptomatic carrier
Authors: Uechi Takahiro , Nakamura Shunsuke , Takeshita Ryo , Morino Kyoko , Mizuno Ren , Nakagawa Yuki , Irifukuhama Yuna , Takada Shiho , Teruya Hideki , Mita Naoto , Nakamori Tomoki , Kinoshita Hirohisa 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundSeveral countries have imposed a mandatory 14‐day period of quarantine on individuals arriving from countries considered high‐risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. However, it is not clear how long asymptomatic patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 can be an asymptomatic carrier.Case PresentationWe experienced a case of an asymptomatic female patient infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 with abnormal chest computed tomography findings. She did not develop a fever during hospitalized isolation. She remained reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction‐positive for 24 days.ConclusionAn asymptomatic patient diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection remained reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction‐positive for 24 days, although she was quarantined in an isolation hospital. This finding suggests that an asymptomatic patient diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with abnormal chest computed tomography findings can be an asymptomatic carrier for more than 3 weeks.
Intramolecular orbital engineered hetero bimetallic Ce‐Fe MOF with reduced transition energy and enhanced visible light property
Authors: Kuila Aneek , Saravanan Pichiah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA structurally stable, 3d‐4f heterometallic coordination polymer has been solvothermally synthesised and evaluated for its accomplished materials properties. The light absorption activity in the visible band was higher for unique Ce‐Fe MOF than that of the homometallic Ce‐MOF or Fe‐ MOF. The intimate overlap of two different metal clusters in heterometallic environmental induced the formation of low line conduction orbital, which ultimately lowered the transition energy. The heterometallic acquired an additional sensitisation from a Fe‐μ3‐oxo cluster that had vibrantly enhanced the light uptake activity. The vacancy created in the 6s, 5d orbital of Ce in Ce‐Fe MOF contributed to the photo‐excitation of electrons and reduced the recombination time. This distinct intramolecular arrangement assisted the exciton trapping characteristic. Also, the presence of multiple metal cores in the framework aided to confine the increased number of excitons for a redox reaction. The solar photocatalysis study with acetaminophen revealed these improved materialistic features by degrading it 94.6% with a rate constant of 0.0137 min−1. The recycle studies confirmed the robust stability of the synthesised MOF.