bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MELEZ BİR BASKIRESİM TEKNİĞİ: ON YEDİNCİ YÜZYILDAN ON DOKUZUNCU YÜZYILA MONOTİP
Authors: BALAMBER Burçak 
Published: December 2020

Teknik açıdan en basit baskıresim metodu olarak adlandırılabilecek monotip tekniği, sanatçının sadece metal veya cam gibi bir yüzeyi mürekkeplemesini ya da boyamasını, akabinde de monotip baskı elde edebilmek için bu çalışmayı kâğıda transfer etmesini gerektirir. Ağaç baskı, gravür veya litografi gibi geleneksel baskıresim tekniklerinin aksine, monotip tekniği çalışmanın tekrar tekrar mürekkeplenip boyanmasını sağlayacak şekilde bir plaka üzerine kazınması veya kimyasal olarak sabitlenmesini gerektirmez. Yüzey üzerine çizilmiş çalışmanın direkt transferi olarak da özetlenebilecek bu teknik, yalnızca tek bir baskı almayı hedefler.
Bu makalenin amacı, ilk defa kullanıldığı bilinen 17. yüzyıldan ilk defa terimselleştirildiği 19. yüzyıla kadar monotip tekniğinin tarihini keşfetmek ve söz konusu dönemde üretimlerinde monotip tekniğine yer vermiş sanatçıların tekniğe yönelik farklı yaklaşımlarını ele almaktır. Makale, monotip tekniğinin ele alınan iki yüz yıllık dönemindeki tarihi ve gelişimine ilişkin olarak, literatüre kaynak teşkil edecek olması bakımından önem taşımaktadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden literatür tarama yöntemi kullanılmış ve monotip tekniğinin tarihini kapsamlı bir şekilde ele almış kitaplar ve sergi katalogları başta olmak üzere, konuyla ilgili kaynaklar incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bilgiler ışığında, monotip tekniğinin söz konusu dönemdeki gelişimi anlaşılmaya çalışılmış ve bu veriler araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda sentezlenmiştir.
A comparative study of results of stapedotomy and neo-stapedotomy as a surgical treatment for otosclerosis
Authors: Gon Sabyasachi , Biswas Debabrata , Hembrom Rabi , Bose Ushirin , Gupta Saurabh 
Published: December 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of the study was to establish the usefulness of preservation of the stapedius tendon and the incudo-stapedial joint during the surgical procedure for the treatment of otosclerosis, to find out the advantages of neo-stapedotomy over standard stapedotomy and to compare the hearing improvement in neo-stapedotomy and stapedotomy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective, randomised, controlled study with a sample size of 150 patients (ears) presented with pure conductive deafness, paracusis willisii and tinnitus was done. The patients were divided in to group A (n=60) &amp;and group B (n=90), where neo-stapedotomy and standard stapedotomy procedure were performed respectively. Pure tone audiometry and tympanometry were done both pre and postoperatively. Speech discrimination score (SDS) and loudness discomfort levels (LDL) were measured at 3 months postoperatively. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Postoperative hearing improvement in both groups was almost identical. Improvement in middle ear compliance was marginally more in group A patients. Stapedial reflex could be elicited in 72 % of the patients in group A, but remained absent in group B, at 3 month post-operatively. The SDS became worse with more than 20 dB suprathreshold sounds in group B patients whereas it was maintained even with 80 dB in most patients of group A. Post-operative mean LDL for both pure tone and speech frequency in group A patients were higher than those in group B. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The difference of SDS and LDL between two groups were statistically significant. Hence, neo-stapedotomy is a better procedure, as no postoperative pseudo-recruitment ‘rollover’ observed and also dynamic range of hearing increased.</p>
A comparative study of the efficacy of preoperative loteprednol versus flurbiprofen in cataract surgery
Authors: Chand Tek , Chauhan Arvind 
Published: December 2020

To evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of preoperative loteprednol versus flurbiprofen, when combined with moxifloxacin in maintaining intraoperative mydriasis and reducing postoperative complications. 200 cataract patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 receiving preoperative Flurbiprofen(0.03%) with moxifloxacin(0.5%) and Group 2 receiving Loteprednol(0.5%) with moxifloxacin(0.5%), three times a day 24 hrs prior to cataract surgery,followed by postoperative loteprednol(0.5%) and moxifloxacin(0.5%) in both groups. Intraoperative mydriasis and post operative complications were analysed. Patients were followed up on day 1, 1 week, 3 weeks and 7 weeks. Parameters evaluated included inflammation, pain, corneal edema, anterior chamber reaction (including cells and flare), intraocular pressure, CME. Intraoperative mydriasis obtained in both the groups was comparable with no significant difference. Postoperative visual outcome was also comparable but postoperative inflammation was slightly more in Group 1 (p &#60;0.05). Pain was more in group 1 on first postoperative day which was not statistically significant but this difference did not persist during further follow ups. 3 patients in group 1 and 2 patients in Group 2 developed CME on the last follow up which was not statistically significant. The rest of the parameters were comparable in the 2 groups with a much better compliance in group 2. This hospital based study in western Rajasthan revealed Loteprednol to be equally potent as flurbiprofen in maintaining intraoperative mydriasis along with significant reduction of postoperative complications while maintaining cost effectiveness and compliance as a single eye drop was used before and after surgery, with no steroid related complications.
Role of body mass index and blood pressure on intraocular pressure in elderly population
Authors: Reddy Reddyvari Dinesh , Reddy B 
Published: December 2020

To identify the role of body mass index (BMI) and Blood pressure (BP) on Intraocular pressure (IOP) in elder population. Totally 50 elderly individuals without any systemic diseases were included and IOP was measured by tonometer. Total subjects divided into 3 groups based on BMI as: Group1 with BMI≥25 and Group 2 with BMI ≤ 30. Mean and standard deviation of IOP, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were statistically analysed.Out of a total of 50 Subjects, 23 (46%) subjects had normal weight, 15(30%) subjects were overweight and 10 (20%) subjects were obese. Mean age of 56.5 ± 9.5 and 56.2 ± 9.4 years in male and females (p=145). Mean BMI of 25.8 ± 3.9 and 26.4 ± 4.2 kg/m in male and females. SBP of 135.8 ± 20.4 and 128.4 ± 21.5 mmHg in male and female (p=0.02). Mean DBP of 78.5 ± 10.5 and 81.4 ± 10.5 mmHg in male and female (p=0.04). Mean CCT of right eye was 515.5 ± 31.2 and 510.2 ± 28.8 μm in male and females respectively (p=0.03). Mean IOP of right eye was 15.6 ± 2.2 and 14.9 ± 2 mm Hg in male and females respectively (p=0.25). Mean CCT of left eye was 520.4 ± 27.5 and 515.2 ± 28.5 μm in male and females respectively (p=0.03). Mean IOP of left eye was 15.1 ± 2.2 and 14.9 ± 2.1 mm Hg in male and females respectively (p=0.12). The mean IOP of right eye is highest in the overweight and obese age groups. The mean SBP is highest in the overweight and obese age groups. The mean DBP is highest in the overweight and obese age group. Hence, increase in BMI results in non-significant increase in IOP and BP as age increases in normal BMI subjects. For obese Subjects, there was positive correlation between the BMI, age, IOP, SBP and DBP. Increase in BMI resulted in increase in IOP, increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively with increase in age.Results showed positive correlation relationship between BMI and intra-ocular pressure, BMI and blood pressure and BMI and age in obese population. It indicate that subjects with higher BMI have lower ocular blood flow. Results suggest that IOP increases with increasing age and increasing BMI. Periodic checking of IOP in elderly and overweight individuals can play an important role in reducing the morbidity due to glaucoma.
HERBICIDE SELECTIVITY IN PREEMERGENCE OF SWEET SORGHUM CULTIVATED IN DIFFERENT SOIL TEXTURE
Authors: LIMA MARIUCÉLIO SANTOS , DE CARVALHO CAIO QUERNE , PADOVESE LUCAS MATHEUS , INOJOSA FERREIRA LUIZ AUGUSTO , OLIVERIA JUNIOR RUBÉM SILVÉRIO DE , BIFFE DENIS FERNANDO 
Published: December 2020

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an interesting alternativefor biomass and ethanol production, however, so far there is very limited knowledge regarding selective herbicide options for weed control in this crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of preemergence herbicides for sweet sorghum. This research was composed by two steps: in the first one, a greenhouse screening was carried out with several herbicide treatments and in the following step the most selective treatments were evaluated on field conditions. In sandy clay loam texture soil, the treatments involving atrazine (1000 and 2000 g ha-1), amicarbazone (210 g ha-1), trifluralin (500 g ha-1) and flumioxazin (25 g ha-1) provided the greatest levels of selectivity to sweet sorghum. In clay soil (64.7% clay), the treatments with atrazine (1000, 1500 and 2000 g ha-1), amicarbazone (280 g ha-1), S-metolachlor (480 g ha-1), [atrazine + S-metolachlor] ([601+471,2 g ha-1), pendimethalin (500 g ha-1) and imazethapyr (42.4 and 63.6 g ha-1) provided the lowest levels of crop injury, and were considered as the most selective for sweet sorghum. Herbicide treatments applied to sandy clay loam soil provided more injuries to sweet sorghum than those applied to clay soil.
On the Development Status and Strategy of Digital Currency of the Central Bank of China
Authors: Pan Guangxin , Guo Tianfeng , Xia Junjie 
Published: December 2020

<p> With the gradual rise of financial science and technology, the traditional currency tends to be eliminated due to various limitations. Digital currency technology based on block chain technology emerges as the times require. With the gradual deepening of the research on legal digital currency by the central bank, the implementation of legal digital currency will be the inevitable choice of China’s economic development, and also the inevitable requirement of complying with the trend of economic globalization and informatization. This paper studies the development status of digital currency at home and abroad and the importance of central bank issuing digital currency, and analyzes the main causes of the risk problems of circulation environment, laws and regulations, financial system and technical system faced by the Central Bank of China in promoting digital currency, including the implementation of laws and regulations, protection of users’ rights and interests, establishment of monitoring and analysis department, promotion of digital currency, etc. This paper puts forward specific measures and suggestions for the central bank to issue digital currency.</p>
The N6-methyladenosine-modified Pseudogene HSPA7 Correlates with the Tumor Microenvironment and Predicts the Response to Immune Checkpoint Therapy in Glioblastoma
Authors: Zhao Rongrong , Li Boyan , Zhang Shouji , He Zheng , Pan Ziwen , Li Xu , Guo Qindong , Qiu Wei , Qi Yanhua , Zhao Shulin , Wang Shaobo , Chen Zihang , Zhang Ping , Guo Xing , Xue Hao , Li Gang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM), one of the most aggressive cancers in brain tumor type, have no effective and sufficient therapies. Identifying robust biomarkers of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, a promising treatment option for GBM patients, are urgently warranted.Methods: We comprehensively evaluated the m6A modification patterns of lncRNAs via m6A-sequencing (m6A-seq) data of GBM tissues. And systematically investigated the immune and stromal regulators in these m6A regulated lncRNAs. We used the ssGSEA (single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis) algorithm to investigate the difference on enrichment of TME cell infiltration and functional annotation of HSPA7 in individual GBM sample.Results: We depicted a transcriptome-wide m6A methylation profiling of lncRNAs in GBM for the first time, revealing the highly distinct m6A modification patterns of lncRNAs, compared to the normal brain tissues. And we identified m6A modified pseudogene HSPA7 as a novel risk prognostic factor for GBM patients, playing crucial roles in immunophenotype, stromal and carcinogenic pathways activation, having a robust predictive capacity of ICB immunotherapeutic response.Conclusions: This work revealed that the m6A modified lncRNA HSAP7 played a nonnegligible role in tumor microenvironment (TME) cell infiltration, stromal and carcinogenic activation, and could be a robust predictive biomarker of ICB immunotherapy for GBM patients.
Decreased Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte-Monocyte Ratio and Platelet-Monocyte Ratio and the Peripheral Blood Score Model Predict Poor Survival in Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Zhang Yan , Shi Yuanfei , Shen Huafei , Shou Lihong , Fang Qiu , Zheng Xiaolong , Zhu Mingyu , Huang Xin , Huang Jiansong , Li Li , Zhou De , Zhu Lixia , Zhu Jingjing , Ye Xiujin , Jin Jie , Xie Wanzhuo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma(PTCL) is a group of lymphoproliferative tumors originated from post-thymic T cells or mature natural killer (NK) cells. It shows highly aggressive clinical behaviour, resistance to conventional chemotherapy, and a poor prognosis. Its incidence rate in China is 1 to 2 times higher than in western countries. Therefore, optimal strategies for identifying high-risk patients are urgently needed. Methods. We retrospectively studied 347 newly diagnosed PTCL patients from January 2011 to October 2019 and analyzed the relationship between peripheral blood lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) and platelet-monocyte ratio (PMR) and prognosis. The model of Peripheral Blood Score was established to screen out high-risk patients.Results. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off value based on survival rate. It was found that patients with PTCL with LMR ≤ 1.68 and PMR ≤ 300 had inferior overall survival (OS) and the difference was significant in both low-risk (P＜0.001) and medium high-risk (P＜0.001) groups of IPI score. In multivariate analysis, LMR ≤ 1.68 (HR=1.751, 95% CI 1.158-2.647, p=0.006), PMR ≤ 300 (HR=1.762, 95% CI 1.201-2.586, p=0.002), stage III-IV (HR=3.276, 95% CI 1.512-7.099, p=0.003), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score 3-5 (HR=2.351, 95% CI 1.647-3.356, p＜0.001) and extra-nodal invasion more than one site (HR=1.659, 95% CI 1.125-2.445, p=0.039) were independently associated with short survival. LMR and PMR were integrated into "Peripheral Blood Score (PBS)" model. PTCL patients were divided into three risk groups: low-risk group, medium risk group and high-risk group. The 1-year OS was 86%, 55.3% and 22.6%, and the 3-year OS was 43.4%, 20% and 13.1%, respectively.Conclusion. Overall, LMR and PMR can be used as early prognostic indicators in PTCL patients. Moreover, we can easily detect the complete blood cell count (CBC), and use PBS model to preliminarily screen and stratify patients. It is simple, convenient and accurate to screen out patients with short lives, and formulate personalized treatment strategies.
Sofosbuvir-Upregulated Genes Facilitate The Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tsai Wei-Lun , Cheng Jing-Shiung , Liu Pei-Feng , Chang Tsung-Hsien , Chang Yu-yi , Sun Wei-Chih , Chen Wen-Chi , Shu Chih-Wen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have achieved a sustained virological response (SVR) rate of 95-99% in treating HCV. Several studies suggested that treatment with sofosbuvir (SOF) containing DAAs may be associated with increased risk of developing HCC. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential mechanisms of SOF on the development of HCC.Methods: This study used OR-6 (harboring full-length genotype 1b HCV) and Huh 7.5.1 cells to examine the effects of SOF on cell proliferation and migration in HCC cells. SOF-upregulated genes in OR-6 cells were inspected using next generation sequencing (NGS) and the clinical significance of these candidate genes was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. siRNA-mediated knockdown of candidate genes and their influence on cell proliferation and migration were also examined.Results: SOF increased cell proliferation and cell migration in OR-6 and Huh7.5.1 cells in both two- and three-dimensional culture models. NGS identified several genes that were significantly upregulated by SOF in OR-6 cells. Among these genes, PHOSPHO2, KLHL23, TRIM39, TSNAX-DISC1 and RPP21 expression were significantly elevated in the tumor part compared with the non-tumor part of HCC in the TCGA database. PHOSPHO2 and RPP21 were found to be associated with overall survival of HCC patients in the TCGA database. Moreover, knockdown of PHOSPHO2-KLHL23, TSNAX-DISC1, TRIM39 and RPP21 ameliorated cell proliferation and migration increased by SOF in OR-6 and Huh 7.5.1 cells. Conclusion: SOF upregulated several genes that were associated with increased cell proliferation and migration and the development of HCC.
Radiation Safety of Current European Practices of Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine: Survey Results from 20 HERCA Countries
Authors: Bly Ritva 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose: New radiotherapies in nuclear medicine have been introduced in Europe during recent years. Moreover, radiation safety of therapeutic nuclear medicine should be in line with the latest European Council Directive on Basic Safety Standards (BSSD) (2013/59/Euratom). The purpose of this study was to acquire up-to-date information on nuclear medicine treatments in Europe and on the implementation of the requirements of the BSSD in HERCA (Heads of the European Radiological protection Competent Authorities) member states. Methods: An electronic questionnaire was distributed to competent authorities of 32 HERCA member states. The questionnaire addressed 33 explicitly considered treatments including 13 different radionuclides, and for each treatment, a similar set of questions was included. Questions covered the use of treatments, hospitalization of patients and waste management related to therapeutic nuclear medicine involving other radionuclides than 131 I, justification of treatments, individual treatment planning, involvement of a medical physics expert (MPE) and radiation protection instructions related to release of the patient.Results: Responses were obtained from 20 HERCA countries. All countries used 131 I-NaI for benign thyroid diseases and thyroid ablation of adults. 223 RaCl2 (Xofigo®) for bone metastases, 177 Lusomatostatin analogues for neuroendocrine tumors and 177 Lu-PSMA for castration resistant prostate cancer (PC) and PC-metastases were used in 90%, 65% and 55% of countries respectively. Only a few countries had treatment specific criteria for hospitalization and waste management for new treatments. Requirements for justification of new therapies were in place in almost all countries. Individual treatment planning was required for all therapies in 55% and for some therapies in 28% of the responding countries. Implementation of the requirement for MPEs to be closely involved in nuclear medicine practices varied to a great extend among countries. Almost all countries answered that some radiation protection instructions existed for patients released after other than 131 I treatment, however in a very few countries had specific guidelines been developed.Conclusions: There is a wide variation in therapeutic use of nuclear medicine across Europe, but there is an increasing tendency towards these types of treatments. Furthermore, the implementation of the BSSD on the involvement of MPEs and individual treatment planning including dosimetry differs from country to country. Requirements on justification are in place.
Patellar Tendon Quality and Knee Symptoms in Male Athletes Before the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Pereira Carla Soncino , Klauznicer Jasenko , McAuliffe Sean , Whiteley Rodney , Finni Taija Juutinen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: It is unknown if the quality of the patellar tendon is affected by an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. ACL deficient patients (ACL-D) have shown to have knee pain, quadriceps weakness and reduced knee function. Ultrasound tissue characterization (UTC) has been used to assess the quality of tendons by quantifying the proportion of echo-types using a numerical grading system from best to worst (I-IV). The primary aims of this cross-sectional study were to investigate the patellar tendon quality in athletes with unilateral ACL injuries, and to compare them to asymptomatic control tendons. The secondary aims were to assess the impact of anterior knee pain (AKP) in the patellar tendons of ACL-D, and to explore possible correlations between tendon quality and knee pain, knee extensor strength and time from ACL injury. Methods: UTC was used to scan both patellar tendons of 81 ACL-D athletes and 20 control tendons. Echo-types distribution was calculated to compare the quality between limbs of ACL-D and control tendons; and to compare ACL-D with AKP, other knee pain, and without pain. Associations between the variables of tendon quality and knee symptoms were explored. Results: No difference in tendon quality was found between limbs of ACL-D. Both tendons of ACL-D displayed more echo-type II at the patellar apex, and same or less echo-types III and IV than controls. The proximal half of the control tendons displayed better quality than the distal half. ACL-D knees with pain displayed less extensor strength, however, in addition to the lack of difference in tendon quality regardless of the presence and location of pain, there was no meaningful association between pain, extensor strength and tendon quality. Nevertheless, there were weak to moderate associations between tendon quality and time from ACL injury. Conclusion: Despite the ACL injury, there is no difference in tendon quality between ACL-D limbs, or when subgrouping ACL-D tendons by presence and location of knee pain. Different areas of the patellar tendon may present different characteristics that might be related to training. Tendon quality is better if a person has longer time from injury.