bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic impact of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Ma Xiaoteng , Sun Yan , Cheng Yujing , Shen Hua , Gao Fei , Qi Jing , Yang Lixia , Wang Zhijian , Shi Dongmei , Liu Yuyang , Liu Xiaoli , Zhou Yujie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The association of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), an emerging lipid index which can predict risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease, with adverse outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been undetermined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether AIP could independently predict adverse CV events in T2DM patients with ACS undergoing PCI.Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of a single-centre prospective registry involving 826 consecutive T2DM patients who underwent primary or elective PCI for ACS at our CV center from June 2016 to November 2017. This study eventually included 798 patients (age, 61±10 years, male, 72.7%). AIP was calculated as the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of plasma concentration of triglycerides to high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). All patients were divided into 4 groups based on the AIP quartiles. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal ischemic stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or unplanned repeat revascularization. The key secondary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal ischemic stroke, or non-fatal MI.Results: During a median follow-up period of 927 days, 198 patients developed at least one event. An unadjusted Kaplan–Meier analysis showed the incidence of the primary endpoint increased gradually with rising AIP quartiles (log-rank test, P =0.001). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that compared with the lowest AIP quartile, the top AIP quartile was associated with significantly increased risk for the primary and key secondary endpoints (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.153; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.355 to 3.421; P =0.001, and HR: 2.613; 95% CI: 1.024 to 6.666; P =0.044, respectively). Inclusion of AIP quartiles in a baseline prediction model for the primary endpoint increased the Harrell’s C statistic from 0.697 to 0.707. More importantly, addition of AIP quartiles to the above model significantly improved the continuous net reclassification improvement (continuous NRI =19.1%, P <0.001).Conclusions: A higher AIP value on admission was independently and strongly associated with adverse CV events in T2DM patients with ACS undergoing PCI.
Mosquito Population Diversity and Abundance Patterns In Linzhi, Xizang, China
Authors: Xie Gui-Lin , Ma Xin-Ran , Liu Qi-Yong , Meng Feng-Xia , Yang Xiao-Dong , Xiu Peng-Cheng , Qu Feng-Tian , Yue Yu-Juan , ciwang baima , Ma De-Long , Wang Jun , Guo Yuhong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: In 2009, China CDC found the distribution of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Aedes albopictus in Motuo county, Linzhi, Xizang and isolated the epidemic encephalitis V virus from Culex tritaeniorhynchus. However, with the road opend in Motuo County, the trade between people and mosquitoes transmission were more frequent. To illustrate patterns of mosquito population in Linzhi, Xizang, a mosquitoes surveillance was carried.Methods: Adult mosquitoes were collected by light traps and human landing catches, larva by container survey in six counties of Linzhi during August and September 2019. The trapped adult mosquitoes were initially counted and identified according to morphological criteria, and a part of mosquitoes were further identified by PCR. The monitoring data were recorded by Excel 2007, analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software and R.Results: Eight species of mosquitoes belonging to four genera were identified. Culex pipiens pallens (86.80%), Armigeres subalbalus (5.29%) and Aedes vexans (2.99%) were the top three species coolected by 164 light traps on 12 nights with the average mosquito density was 21.20 (mosquitoes per trap per night); Aedes albopictus were only collected in Chayu County Xiachayu Town by human landing catches with high average mosquito density (26.33 mosquitoes per hour per person). The larva were collected from waste tires, cement tanks and drums in Bomi, Milin and Lang Counties. The results of molecular identification are consistent with morphological identification. Aedes albopictus and Culex orientalis were newly recorded species for the first time. It is preliminarily speculated that there is a high potential risk of dengue fever in Xiachayu Town and a certain epidemic risk of Japanese encephalitis, while the risk of malaria is low in Linzhi.Conclusion: Mosquitoes had heterogeneous distribution throughout Linzhi, Xizang. The dominant mosquito species are Culex pipiens pallens. It is emphasized to carry out mosquito surveillance again during the peak period of mosquito activities so as to better understand the distribution and composition of local mosquitoes and assess the mosquito-borne disease risk in this area.
Spatiotemporal 7q11.23 Protein Network Implicates the GTF2I-PRKDC-DDR Pathway During Early-Fetal Brain Development in Psychiatric Diseases
Authors: Lin Guan Ning , Chen Liang , Wang Weidi , Cai Wenxiang , Song Weichen , Qian Wei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Recurrent deletions and duplications of chromosome 7q11.23 copy number variants (CNVs) are associated with several psychiatric disorders. Previous works showed GTF2I associated with Williams-Beuren syndrome, but pathways affected by GTF2I are poorly defined. Although phenotypic abnormalities have been observed in patients and animal models, the targeted human brain regions, developmental stages, protein networks, and signaling pathways, influenced by this CNV remain unclear. Results: Topological changes were observed in protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks throughout different stages of brain development. Early and late fetal periods of development in the cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and amygdale were observed as the vital periods and regions for 7q11.23 CNV proteins. As a driver gene, GTF2I interacted with PRKDC and BRCA1 to involve in DNA Damaging Response (DDR) pathway. The physical interaction between GTF2I with PRKDC was confirmed experimentally by the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Conclusion: We identified that striatum, hippocampus, and amygdala are crucial regions for establishing connectivity between 7q11.23 proteins and their partners in early and late fetal periods. Our results suggested that GTF2I-PRKDC-DDR and GTF2I-BRCA1-DDR pathway is crucial for the 7q11.23 CNV genes to contribute to the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases.
Canadian Adolescents’ Internalized Symptoms in Pandemic Times: Sex Differences and Association with Sociodemographic Characteristics, Confinement Habits, and Support
Authors: Tardif-Grenier Kristel , Archambault Isabelle , Dupéré Véronique , Marks Amy , Olivier Elizabeth 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Adolescents, especially girls, are more at risk of developing anxiety and depression symptoms and it can be assumed that the stress and social isolation experienced during confinement has had negative consequences on adolescents’ mental health. However, not all of them experienced confinement in the same way. This study is aimed at determining which sociodemographic characteristics (age, family composition, achievement), confinement habits (schedule, new hobby, sleep duration, cellphone and computer use, sports, schoolwork), and sources of support (parents and teachers) are associated with more or less internalized symptoms (anxiety and depression) in Canadian adolescents. Given the increased vulnerability of girls, the results take gender into account. Methods Between April 8 and 30 (2020) and through an online survey, 895 Canadian adolescents (74% girls) aged between 12 and 17 years (M = 14.73) were recruited. Path analysis was performed to identify significant associations between sociodemographic characteristics, confinement habits, and support variables with internalized symptoms. Independent samples t-tests and invariance tests were conducted to compare boys and girls. Data was analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 27 and Mplus8. Results Certain confinement habits (time spent using cellphones, doing sports and schoolwork, finding a new hobby) and support (parents working outside the home) variables were significantly and negatively associated with anxiety and/or depressive symptoms. Regarding the sex differences, girls had higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms, used their cellphones more, while boys used their computers more. Only the association between sleep duration and physical symptoms of anxiety significantly differed between boys and girls. However, it was not significant for both groups. Conclusions The results of this study help to better understand the experience of adolescents in confinement and how it is different for boys and girls. It sheds light on the characteristics and habits likely to characterize those who are more at risk of experiencing distress and thus make it possible to better support adolescents during this difficult period.
The Future of Physician Advocacy: Attitudes and Intentions of U.S. Medical Students
Authors: Chimonas Susan , Mamoor Maha , Kaltenboeck Anna , Korenstein Deborah 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Advocacy is a core component of medical professionalism. Medical organizations frequently emphasize advocacy, particularly around just resource distribution and social determinants of health, but it is unclear how educators can best prepare trainees for this professional obligation. Objective: We sought to assess medical students’ attitudes toward advocacy, including activities and issues of interest, and to determine congruence with professional obligations.Design, Participants, and Measures: A cross-sectional, web-based survey probed U.S. medical students’ attitudes toward advocacy around 7 issues directly related to health (e.g. nutrition/obesity, addiction) and 11 indirect determinants of health (e.g. housing, transportation, education). Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and regression analysis investigated associations with gender, race, political identification, and intended future field.Key Results: Of 240 students completing the survey, 53% were female; most were white (62%) or Asian (28%). Clinical/non-primary-care was the most common intended future field (61%). Most agreed it is very important that physicians encourage medical organizations to advocate for public health (76%) and provide health-related expertise to the community (57%). More participants rated advocacy for medical issues as very important (e.g. drug addiction [83%], nutrition [81%]), compared to issues with indirect connections to health (e.g. national security [22%], transportation [36%], criminal justice [40%]) (p<0.001). Generally, liberals and non-whites were more likely than others to value advocacy. Conclusions: Medical students reported strong interest in advocacy, particularly around health issues, consistent with professional standards. Many attitudes were associated with political affiliation and race. To optimize future physician advocacy, educators should provide opportunities for learning and engagement in issues of interest.
Understanding Junior Doctors’ Experiences of Teaching on the Acute Take: A Mixed-Methods Study.
Authors: Hayden Charlotte , Raidan Jedd , Rees Jonathan , Oswal Abhishek 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background New medical graduates report significant unpreparedness in managing acutely unwell patients, due to limited first-hand clinical exposure in the undergraduate curriculum. Supporting undergraduate learning around acute admissions can be challenging for junior doctors balancing teaching and clinical responsibilities. We aimed to explore junior doctors’ first-hand experiences of supporting undergraduate education in the acute admissions setting (take).Methods Fourteen junior doctors in one teaching hospital in South West England took part in a short web-based questionnaire exploring frequency, duration, efficacy, planning and delivery of teaching in the clinical environment. Participants subsequently took part in semi-structured focus groups (4-6 participants in each) which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim before being thematically analysed.Results Quantitative results demonstrated junior doctors reported difficulties finding time to teach, with many feeling their teaching was ineffective and rarely planned, with challenges finding suitable resources to support teaching delivery.Key qualitative themes were organised into six key areas: junior doctor, medical student and clinical team factors alongside clinical service, educational service, and resource factors. Junior doctors perceived themselves as novice clinical practitioners and lacked confidence in their ability to teach. Medical students were felt to be poorly engaged with clinical learning due to variable learning value of acute take experiences. Participants recognised value of the clinical team in ensuring student integration and noted a shared responsibility for teaching, driven by senior team members.Clinical service was prioritised over delivery of education, though workload variations were common, and patient acuity often affected the degree to which students could actively participate. Educational experiences in this environment are frequent but highly varied; teaching must be adapted in response to opportunities that arise. Participants noted scarcity of resources to support teaching and these were prioritised for patient care. Improvements are suggested in defining an active role for students, supporting junior doctors to deliver education, and providing appropriate resources.Conclusions Educational opportunities for undergraduate students on the acute take are varied, yet highly valuable. This study provides insight into provision of workplace education and its challenges from a junior doctors’ perspective and offers focus for targeted improvement for educational providers.
Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation Attenuates Lung Injury Caused by Tourniquet-induced Limb Ischemia/reperfusion During Lower Extremity Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gong Lirong , Zhao Dinghuan , Li Cui , Ji Yue , Kan Yongxing , yu jianbo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Tourniquet-induced extremity ischemia-reperfusion injury is one of the major complications in patients with lower extremity surgery, while lung is the most vulnerable organ to insult subsequent to ischemia-reperfusion. Current scientific research data has shown that electric stimulation at special acupoints could suppress inflammasome activation and subsequently exert protective effects in the lungs. Thus, the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupuncture point stimulation (TEAS) on lung injury induced by limb ischemia/reperfusion remains to be elucidated. Methods: One hundred individuals scheduled for unilateral lower extremity surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=50 each): transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation group (group T) and control group (group C). Patients in group T were given TEAS at FeiShu (BL13, bilateral) acupoints and ZuSanLi (ST36, non-surgical side) acupoint, while patients in group C received sham stimulation (no current) at the same acupoints for the same time as the TEAS group. Arterial blood samples were collected to assess blood gas analysis and other indicators. Results: The TEAS group showed significant improvements in blood gas analysis. Compared with group C, PaO2 and oxygenation index (OI) in group T were significantly increased at T4(4h after removing the tourniquet), while A-aDO2 and respiratory index (RI) were decreased at T4. There was an increase in the HO-1 levels in group T at T3(2h after removing the tourniquet) and T4 compared with group C. Compared with group T, SOD levels were signiﬁcantly lower at T4 in group C. At T4, the levels of ICAM-1, IL-6 and IL8 were significantly lower in group T when compared to group C. At T3 and T4, IL-10 levels were higher when compared to group C, while TNF-a levels were significantly lower.Conclusions: Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation attenuates lung injury following tourniquet-induced extremity ischemia-reperfusion in patients, and HO-1 is endowed of potential mechanism of cytoprotective effects against tourniquet-induced lung injury. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-IOR-16008264. Registered 11 April 2016, http://www.chictr.org.cn/ ChiCTR-IOR-16008264
Wilms Tumor 1 Mutations are Independent Poor Prognostic Factors in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Wang Yin , Weng Wen-Jun , Zhou Dun-Hua , Fang Jian-Pei , Chai Li , Xu Lu-Hong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The role of Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) mutations remains controversial for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with regard to the prognostic impact. Here, we aimed to determine the clinical implication of WT1 mutations in a large cohort of pediatric AML. Methods: The clinical data of 870 pediatric patients with AML were downloaded from the therapeutically applicable research to generate effective treatment (TARGET) dataset. We analyzed the prevalence, clinical profile and prognosis of WT1 mutations in these patients. Results: WT1 mutations were founded in 6.7% of total patients. WT1 mutations were closely associated with normal cytogenetics (P<0.001), FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3/internal tandem duplication (FLT3/ITD) mutations (P<0.001), and low complete remission induction rates (P<0.01). Compared to patients without WT1 mutations, patients with WT1 mutations had worse 5-year event-free survival (21.7±5.5% vs 48.9±1.8%, P<0.001) and overall survival (41.4±6.6% vs 64.3±1.7%, P<0.001). Moreover, patients with both WT1 and FLT3/ITD mutations had a dismal prognosis. Compared to chemotherapy alone, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation had a tendency to improve prognoses of WT1-mutated patients. In multivariate analysis, WT1 mutations conferred an independent adverse impact on event-free survival (hazard ratio 1.910, P = 0.001) and overall survival (hazard ratio 1.709, P = 0.020). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that WT1 mutations are independent poor prognostic factors in pediatric AML.
A Novel Modular Disassembly Design Method for CNC Machine Tools based on PSOA and TOPSIS
Authors: Feng Yi-Xiong , Wu Xuan-Yu , Zhai Xing , Zheng Hao , Lou Shan-He , Tan Jian-Rong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Disassembly is one of the crucial issues for the green remanufacturing of obsolete CNC machine tools. Meanwhile, modular design method is the guarantee of disassembly rationality, which can maximize economic and environmental benefits. However, modular disassembly processes of CNC machine tools are more uncertainty in system structures and component conditions. On the basis of summarizing the existing research, disassembly module modeling of CNC machine tools is implemented. For one advantage, the rough set theory is utilized to cluster the parts into different disassembly modules. For another, disassembly information model is constructed by the disassembly multi-constrained graph. Secondly, multi-objective mathematical model which contains disassembly time, disassembly benefit and disassembly complexity is built. A novel particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSOA) improved by niche technology is applied to the disassembly sequence planning. Last but not least, this work also evaluates the disassembly scheme of CNC machine tools based on the technology for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS). Evaluation indicator system is established and the comprehensive weight of evaluation indicators is determined by the respective advantages of entropy weight method (EWM) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). A case study is conducted to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed models and methods. The results of this work can contribute to the selection of the optimal modular disassembly scheme of CNC machine tools.
A Digital Twin of the Powder Metallurgical Manufacturing Chain of High Strength Sintered Gears
Authors: Rajaei Ali , Deng Yuanbin , Schenk Oliver , Rooein Soheil , Bezold Alexander , Broeckmann Christoph 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a digital twin of the powder metallurgical (PM) production chain of high-performance sintered gears based on an integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) platform. Discrete and finite element methods (DEM and FEM) were combined to describe the macroscopic material response to the thermomechanical loads and process conditions during the entire production process. The microstructural evolution during the sintering process was predicted on then meso-scale using a Monte-Carlo Model. The effective elastic properties were determined by a homogenization method based on modelling a representative volume element (RVE). The results were subsequently used for the FE modelling of the heat treatment process. Through the development of multi-scale models, it was possible on the one hand to obtain characteristics of the microstructural features and on the other hand the predicted hardness and residual stress distributions allow the calculation of the tooth root load bearing capacity of the heat-treated sintered gears.
Theoretical and Experimental Study on Normal Contact Stiffness of Joint Surfaces with Surface Texturing
Authors: Yin Chao-Chao , Huang Hai-Hong , Zhou Dan , Liu Zhi-Feng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Effects of surface texturing on the normal contact stiffness of joint surfaces had been investigated by experiments in many previous researches; however, there are relatively few theoretical models in this regard. The rough surface with surface texturing can be divided into two parts: the textured zone and the remaining zone, and their theoretical models are established respectively in this research. For the textured zone, the texture is modeled theoretically based on the three-dimensional topographic data obtained via a 3D-CCMP1 type laser profilometer from TRIMOS. For the remaining zone, the model of normal contact stiffness is established based on the fractal theory for the surface topography description and elastic-plastic deformation of surface asperities, and the structure function method is used to calculate the fractal dimension of rough surface profiles. In the experiment, the normal contact stiffness of specimens is obtained under different normal loads, and the test results are compared with the theoretical predictions. The result shows that the predictions of proposed theoretical model are in good agreement with the experimental data. For the joint surfaces with Sa>2.69 μm, the normal contact stiffness can be effectively increased through proper surface texturing.