bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and the inflammatory response in canine cancer
Authors: Weidner Nicole , Mutsaers Anthony J. , Woods J. Paul , Wood Geoff A. , Bayle Julie , Verbrugghe Adronie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDecreased circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and increased inflammatory marker concentrations have been reported separately in canine cancer. Correlations between the two exist in humans, but little work has examined links in dogs. This study aimed to determine plasma 25(OH)D and inflammatory marker concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with cancer and to assess correlations in each group. Newly diagnosed dogs with B‐cell lymphoma (B‐cell, n = 25), T‐cell lymphoma (T‐cell, n = 9), osteosarcoma (OSA, n = 21), and mast cell tumour (MCT, n = 26) presenting to a tertiary oncology centre, and healthy dogs (n = 25), were enrolled. Plasma samples were analysed for 25(OH)D, C‐reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (HP), serum amyloid A (SAA), alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AAG), and 13 chemokines and cytokines. Dogs with B‐cell had decreased plasma 25(OH)D (P = .03), and increased plasma CRP, AAG, HP, KC‐like and MCP‐1 concentrations (P < =.001, .011, <.001, .013 and .009, respectively) compared with healthy dogs. Plasma CRP, HP and SAA concentrations were increased in dogs with OSA compared with healthy dogs (P = .001, .010 and .027, respectively). No differences were noted in dogs with T‐cell and MCT. Negative correlations were observed between plasma 25(OH)D concentrations and: AAG concentrations in dogs with T‐cell (Rs = −0.817,P = .007); GM‐CSF concentrations (Rs = −0.569,P = .007) in dogs with OSA; and IL‐7 concentrations (Rs = −0.548,P = .010) in dogs with OSA. Decreased 25(OH)D concentrations and increased concentrations of multiple inflammatory markers were observed in B‐cell patients, supporting an association between 25(OH)D and inflammation. The cross‐sectional study design meant the timing of changes could not be determined. Prospective cohort studies are warranted.
Quality assessment of red blood cell suspensions derived from pathogen‐reduced whole blood
Authors: Kumukova Irina , Trakhtman Pavel , Starostin Nicolay , Borsakova Daria , Ignatova Anastasia , Bayzyanova Yana 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundWe used laboratory indicators to evaluate the quality of pathogen‐reduced red blood cell suspension (RBCS) compared with gamma‐irradiated RBCS.Materials and methodsTo determine biochemical and metabolic parameters of RBCS, we obtained 50 whole blood units from healthy volunteers and randomized them into 2 groups: 25 were pathogen‐reduced, and then, RBCS prepared from them. RBCS from the other 25 was gamma‐irradiated. Sampling was carried out on day zero before and after treatment and at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. To determine lymphocyte inactivation, we collected another 35 whole blood units. Each was sampled to form 3 study groups: untreated, gamma‐irradiated and pathogen‐reduced. Daily sampling was carried out during 3 days of storage.ResultsThe quality of RBCS from both groups was largely the same, except for haemolysis and red blood cell fragility, which were more pronounced in the pathogen‐reduced group. This finding limited the shelf life of pathogen‐reduced RBCS to 14 days. Lymphocyte viability was significantly reduced after both treatments. Proliferation of lymphocytes after pathogen reduction was reduced to the detection limit, while low‐level proliferation was observed in gamma‐irradiated samples.ConclusionPathogen‐reduced red blood cells have acceptable quality and can be used for transfusion within 14 days. Results of inactivation of lymphocytes demonstrate that pathogen reduction technology, applied on WB, can serve as an alternative to irradiation.
Current trends of public opinion towards block water tariff in developing countries: A case study from Al‐Bireh City, Palestine
Authors: Al‐Khatib Issam A. , Abu Ali Ala’ , Hannon Brooke , Apul Defne S. , Celik Ilke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the socio‐economic determinants of the residential water tariff system for Al‐Bireh city, Palestine. Results confirmed that ~60% of respondents considered that the current water pricing as high in Al‐Bireh. The majority (76.4%) of households would be willing to pay 1%–3% of their monthly income for possible new water tariff in return for services provided for them have arisen. More than 55% of families having greater than six family members showed to be more willing to pay higher percentages for water. This correlated to the increase of family members, households found the water pricing more reasonable (36.6%). Large households with higher income that have increased water consumption are more willing to pay larger amounts for their needs. Households with larger family members with limited income and education tend to think water pricing is high and their knowledge behind water pricing is mostly inadequate.
Relationship Between Prescription and Documentation of Pressure Injury Prevention Interventions and Their Implementation: An Exploratory, Descriptive Study
Authors: Lovegrove Josephine , Fulbrook Paul , Miles Sandra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundFormal assessment by nurses of a patient’s pressure injury (PI) risk level is often highlighted as being key to PI prevention. However, if no action is taken to address the determined risk (i.e., if appropriate preventative interventions are not implemented), the patient remains vulnerable to PI development, and the assessment process is rendered pointless.AimTo explore the relationship between the prescription (planning) and implementation of PI preventative interventions by nurses following formal risk assessment.MethodsUsing an exploratory, descriptive design, the charts and bedside areas of 200 adult patients admitted across four hospital wards were examined. Data collected included PI risk level, documented prescribed preventative interventions, and interventions for which there was evidence of implementation.ResultsOf the final sample (n = 187), 66.8% of cases were categorized as being “at‐risk” or above. As the risk category of patients increased, proportionately more patients in each category were prescribed each intervention. However, in most cases, significantly fewer interventions were actually implemented than were prescribed, except for several interventions that were implemented in more cases than were prescribed. There were 14 cases, including four at‐risk and three high‐risk patients, in which no preventative interventions were prescribed, while 88.7% of not at‐risk patients had (unnecessary) preventative interventions prescribed.DiscussionThese results indicate that intervention prescription increased relative to assessed level of risk; however, the rates of intervention prescription and actual implementation were suboptimal. The results indicate a significant mismatch between these two steps of PI prevention.Linking evidence to actionThese results indicate that intervention prescription increased relative to assessed level of risk; however, the rates of intervention prescription and actual implementation were suboptimal. A significant mismatch between these two steps of PI prevention was evident. Following patient risk assessment, there should be a greater focus on appropriate preventative intervention prescription (planning) with regular review and audit to help ensure that interventions are implemented as prescribed. Improved implementation of preventative interventions should, in turn, help to reduce hospital‐acquired pressure injuries.
Endoscopic placement of covered versus uncovered self-expandable metal stents for palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Yamao Kentaro , Kitano Masayuki , Chiba Yasutaka , Ogura Takeshi , Eguchi Takaaki , Moriyama Ichiro , Yamashita Yukitaka , Kato Hironari , Kayahara Takahisa , Hoki Noriyuki , Okabe Yoshinobu , Shiomi Hideyuki , Nakai Yoshitaka , Kushiyama Yoshinori , Fujimoto Yoshifumi , Hayashi Shiro , Bamba Shigeki , Kudo Yasushi , Azemoto Nobuaki , Ueki Toshiharu , Uza Norimitsu , Asada Masanori , Matsumoto Kazuya , Nebiki Hiroko , Takihara Hiroshi , Noguchi Chisio , Kamada Hideki , Nakase Kojiro , Goto Daisuke , Sanuki Tsuyoshi , Koga Tetsuya , Hashimoto Shinichi , Nishikiori Hidefumi , Serikawa Masahiro , Hanada Keiji , Hirao Ken , Ohana Masaya , Kazuyuki Imakiire , Kato Takao , Yoshida Motoyuki , Kawamoto Hirofumi 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveStenting is an established endoscopic therapy for malignant gastric outlet obstruction (mGOO). The choice of stent (covered vs uncovered) has been examined in prior randomised studies without clear results.DesignIn a multicentre randomised prospective study, we compared covered (CSEMS) with uncovered self-expandable metal stents (UCSEMS) in patients with mGOO; main outcomes were stent dysfunction and patient survival, with subgroup analyses of patients with extrinsic and intrinsic tumours.ResultsOverall survival was poor with no difference between groups (probability at 3 months 49.7% for covered vs 48.4% for uncovered stents; log-rank for overall survival p=0.26). Within that setting of short survival, the proportion of stent dysfunction was significantly higher for uncovered stents (35.2% vs 23.4%, p=0.01) with significantly shorter time to stent dysfunction. This was mainly relevant for patients with extrinsic tumours (stent dysfunction rates for uncovered stents 35.6% vs 17.5%, p<0.01). Subgrouping was also relevant with respect to tumour ingrowth (lower with covered stents for intrinsic tumours; 1.6% vs 27.7%, p<0.01) and stent migration (higher with covered stents for extrinsic tumours: 15.3% vs 2.5%, p<0.01).ConclusionsDue to poor patient survival, minor differences between covered and uncovered stents may be less relevant even if statistically significant; however, subgroup analysis would suggest to use covered stents for intrinsic and uncovered stents for extrinsic malignancies.
Cosmological time crystals from Einstein-cubic gravities
Authors: Feng Xing-Hui , Huang Hyat , Li Shou-Long , Lü H. , Wei Hao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBy including appropriate Riemann-cubic invariants, we find that the dynamics of classical time crystals can be straightforwardly realized in Einstein gravity on the FLRW metric. The time reflection symmetry is spontaneously broken in the two vacua with the same scale factor a, but opposite $${\dot{a}}$$

a
˙

. The tunneling from one vacuum to the other provides a robust mechanism for bounce universes; it always occurs for systems with positive energy density. For a suitable matter energy-momentum tensor we also construct cyclic universes. Cosmological solutions that resemble the classical time crystals can be constructed in massive gravity.
Agricultural Knowledge, Local Environment, and the Experts: Silkworm Production in Nineteenth-Century Bursa
Authors: Akçakaya Zeynep 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article is a case study of silkworm production in Bursa in the nineteenth century. This case was chosen mainly to discuss the relationship between scientific agricultural knowledge and peasants’ knowledge. The article argues that neither type of knowledge was static and that hybrid knowledge was the product of the interaction between scientific and peasants’ knowledge. Furthermore, it analyses how scientific knowledge turned from a cure for pebrine, a disease of silkworms, into a means of standardisation and control of the peasants’ production by the government and the Ottoman Public Debt Administration so that they could increase their revenue from sericulture. In this framework, the article also discusses how peasants’ knowledge changed partly by embracing scientific knowledge and partly by resisting it.
The association between albuminuria and thyroid antibodies in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and euthyroidism
Authors: Zhu Wei , Dong Xuejie , Pan Qingrong , Hu Yanjin , Wang Guang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Microalbuminuria is a prognostic marker of diabetes kidney disease. It is generally diagnosed as the ratio of urinary albumin to creatinine (UACR) of 30-300 mg/g. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is a common disease in the endocrinology and the thyroid antibodies may associated with kidney disease. We investigated the UACR in the newly diagnosed T2DM with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and tried to detect the relationship between the UACR and thyroid antibodies.

Methods
One hundred twenty newly diagnosed T2DM patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and euthyroidism and 50 sex and age-matched T2DM with non-Hashimoto’s and other thyroid disease were recruited. T2DM patients were divided into 2 groups by the titer of TPOAb: (1). TPOAb (+) group: T2DM with positive TPOAb (n = 105); (2). TPOAb (−) group: T2DM with negative TPOAb (n = 65).

Results
T2DM with positive TPOAb group had higher UACR than T2DM with negative TPOAb group (21.55 ± 7.28 vs 15.13 ± 5.69 mg/g, P < 0.01). UACR were positively related to BMI (r = 0.255, P < 0.05), FPG (r = 0.285, P < 0.05), HbA1c (r = 0.260, P < 0.05) and TPOAb (r = 0.349, P < 0.05). HbA1c (β = 0.793, P < 0.05), BMI (β = 0.342, P < 0.05) and lnTPOAb (β = 1.207, P < 0.05) were independently associated with UACR.

Conclusions
In the newly diagnosed T2DM patients, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis with TPOAb positive had higher UACR levels. TPOAb titer, BMI and HbA1c were independent associated with UACR in these patients.
Molecular detection and genetic characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in poultry in Myanmar
Authors: Yang Zhiyuan , Murata Shiro , Fujisawa Sotaro , Takehara Masaki , Katakura Ken , Hmoon Myint Myint , Win Shwe Yee , Bawm Saw , Konnai Satoru , Ohashi Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Avian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious viral disease that causes severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. In Southeast Asian countries, including Myanmar, poultry farming is a major industry. Although it is known that infectious respiratory pathogens, including infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), are a major threat to poultry farms, there are no data currently available on the epidemiology of ILTV in Myanmar. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a molecular detection of ILTV in 20 poultry farms in Myanmar.

Results
Of the 57 tested oropharyngeal swabs, 10 were positive for ILTV by polymerase chain reaction of a 647 bp region of the thymidine kinase (TK) gene, giving a prevalence of ILTV of 17.5% (10/57). Further sequencing analysis of infected cell protein 4 (ICP4) gene and glycoprotein B, G, and J (gB, gG, and gJ) genes indicated that these isolates were field strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Myanmar strains clustered together in a single branch and were closely related to other reference strains isolated from Asian countries.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the presence of ILTV in poultry farms in Myanmar. The genetic characterization analysis performed provides the fundamental data for epidemiological studies that monitor circulating strains of ILTV in Myanmar.
Identification of contributing genes of Huntington’s disease by machine learning
Authors: Cheng Jack , Liu Hsin-Ping , Lin Wei-Yong , Tsai Fuu-Jen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited disorder caused by the polyglutamine (poly-Q) mutations of the HTT gene results in neurodegeneration characterized by chorea, loss of coordination, cognitive decline. However, HD pathogenesis is still elusive. Despite the availability of a wide range of biological data, a comprehensive understanding of HD’s mechanism from machine learning is so far unrealized, majorly due to the lack of needed data density.MethodsTo harness the knowledge of the HD pathogenesis from the expression profiles of postmortem prefrontal cortex samples of 157 HD and 157 controls, we used gene profiling ranking as the criteria to reduce the dimension to the order of magnitude of the sample size, followed by machine learning using the decision tree, rule induction, random forest, and generalized linear model.ResultsThese four Machine learning models identified 66 potential HD-contributing genes, with the cross-validated accuracy of 90.79 ± 4.57%, 89.49 ± 5.20%, 90.45 ± 4.24%, and 97.46 ± 3.26%, respectively. The identified genes enriched the gene ontology of transcriptional regulation, inflammatory response, neuron projection, and the cytoskeleton. Moreover, three genes in the cognitive, sensory, and perceptual systems were also identified.ConclusionsThe mutant HTT may interfere with both the expression and transport of these identified genes to promote the HD pathogenesis.
RNA sequencing analysis reveals increased expression of interferon signaling genes and dysregulation of bone metabolism affecting pathways in the whole blood of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Zhytnik Lidiia , Maasalu Katre , Reimann Ene , Märtson Aare , Kõks Sulev 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder in which the patients suffer from numerous fractures, skeletal deformities and bluish sclera. The disorder ranges from a mild form to severe and lethal cases. The main objective of this pilot study was to compare the blood transcriptional landscape of OI patients with COL1A1 pathogenic variants and their healthy relatives, in order to find out different gene expression and dysregulated molecular pathways in OI.

Methods
We performed RNA sequencing analysis of whole blood in seven individuals affected with different OI severity and their five unaffected relatives from the three families. The data was analyzed using edgeR package of R Bioconductor. Functional profiling and pathway analysis of the identified differently expressed genes was performed with g:GOSt and MinePath web-based tools.

Results
We identified 114 differently expressed genes. The expression of 79 genes was up-regulated, while 35 genes were down-regulated. The functional analysis identified a presence of dysregulated interferon signaling pathways (IFI27, IFITM3, RSAD12, GBP7). Additionally, the expressions of the genes related to extracellular matrix organization, Wnt signaling, vitamin D metabolism and MAPK-ERK 1/2 pathways were also altered.

Conclusions
The current pilot study successfully captured the differential expression of inflammation and bone metabolism pathways in OI patients. This work can contribute to future research of transcriptional bloodomics in OI. Transcriptional bloodomics has a strong potential to become a major contributor to the understanding of OI pathological mechanisms, the discovery of phenotype modifying factors, and the identification of new therapeutic targets. However, further studies in bigger cohorts of OI patients are needed to confirm the findings of the current work.
Renoprotection with SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes over a spectrum of cardiovascular and renal risk
Authors: Giorgino Francesco , Vora Jiten , Fenici Peter , Solini Anna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractApproximately half of all patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) develop a certain degree of renal impairment. In many of them, chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses over time, eventually leading to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) requiring dialysis and conveying a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Even with widespread use of renin–angiotensin system blockers and tight glycemic control, a substantial residual risk of nephropathy progression remains. Recent cardiovascular outcomes trials investigating sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have suggested that these therapies have renoprotective effects distinct from their glucose-lowering action, including the potential to reduce the rates of ESKD and acute kidney injury. Although patients in most cardiovascular outcomes trials had higher prevalence of existing cardiovascular disease compared with those normally seen in clinical practice, the proportion of patients with renal impairment was similar to that observed in a real-world context. Patient cardiovascular risk profiles did not relevantly impact the renoprotective benefits observed in these studies. Benefits were observed in patients across a spectrum of renal risk, but were evident also in those without renal damage, suggesting a role for SGLT2 inhibition in the prevention of CKD in people with T2D. In addition, recent studies such as CREDENCE and DAPA-CKD offer a greater insight into the renoprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with moderate-to-severe CKD. This review outlines the evidence that SGLT2 inhibitors may prevent the development of CKD and prevent and delay the worsening of CKD in people with T2D at different levels of renal risk.
Association of serum Cyr61 levels with peripheral arterial disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Feng Bin , Xu Guidong , Sun Kangyun , Duan Kaipeng , Shi Bimin , Zhang Nannan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is obviously increased in patients with diabetes. Existing evidence shows that cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61), a 40-kD secreted protein, plays important roles in regulating cellular physiological processes. Recent studies have demonstrated a significant correlation between serum Cyr61 and atherosclerosis. However, the relationship between Cyr61 levels and PAD in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remains obscure.

Methods
Data from a total of 306 subjects with T2DM were cross-sectionally analysed. The extent of PAD was determined by using the Fontaine classification, which defines four stages. We measured serum Cyr61 concentrations by ELISA in subjects with and without PAD at Fontaine’s stage II, III, or IV. Logistic regression models were used to examine the independent association of Cyr61 with PAD.

Results
Out of the 306 subjects enrolled, 150 were free from PAD, while 156 had clinically significant PAD. In subjects with PAD, the prevalences of Fontaine classification stages II, III and IV were 48.7%, 32.1%, and 19.2%, respectively. Patients with more advanced PAD had significantly higher Cyr61 (P for trend < 0.001). The prevalence of PAD on the basis of severity increased with increasing Cyr61 quartiles (all P values for trends < 0.001), and the severity of PAD was positively correlated with Cyr61 quartiles (r = 0.227, P = 0.006). The association of Cyr61 levels with PAD remained after adjusting for major risk factors in a logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated that Cyr61 was significantly increased in PAD patients with T2DM and that Cyr61 levels were positively associated with disease severity. Cyr61 could be a promising biomarker and further studies are needed to assess its clinical utility.