bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outpacing the resistance tsunami: Antimicrobial stewardship in equine medicine, an overview
Authors: Prescott J. F. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryAntimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is the term increasingly used to describe the multiple approaches needed to sustain the efficacy of antimicrobial drugs in the face of the increasing development and spread of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens, and the global crisis in medicine that it is engendering. The concept and the practices associated with AMS continue to evolve but the general approach is a dynamic and multifaceted one of continuous improvement based on reducing, improving, monitoring and evaluating the use of antimicrobials so as to preserve their future efficacy and to protect human and animal health. Using many equine examples, this basic overview discusses the multiple and interacting elements of AMS: Practice guidelines, infection control and prevention, clinical microbiology, resistance and use surveillance, dosage, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, regulation, education and owner compliance, leadership, coordination and measurement. There have been impressive advances in recent years in reporting and analysis of AMR in horses, in the scrutiny and assessment of how antimicrobial drugs are used in horses and in identification of areas for improvement including dosing, surgical prophylaxis, infection control, development of practice standards and the use of clinical microbiology. Antimicrobial stewardship is taking shape as we start to see the emergence of evidence‐based recommendations but far more is required. Containing and even rolling back AMR will need the continued engagement of practitioners, equine national and international practitioner organisations, researchers and educators in the academic community, horse owners, regulators and others.
International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs): A systematic literature review and future research agenda
Authors: Schmidthuber Lisa , Hilgers Dennis , Hofmann Sebastian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs) aims at harmonizing public sector accounting at an international level. IPSASs are intended to generate more comparable financial information across national boundaries and minimize differences in countries’ generally accepted domestic accounting principles. Despite the various advantages of adopting IPSASs, the new accounting standards have been accompanied by critiques in terms of implementation costs, lack of pressure, and alignment with public sector specialties. In addition, many countries have refused to adapt their governmental accounting systems to IPSASs. In the last two decades, a plethora of studies has investigated the evolution of an internationally comparable accrual‐based accounting system. This article provides a systematic review of this research. First, it identifies existing knowledge of research on IPSASs, resulting in a sample of 80 journal articles. Second, it structures research on IPSASs with an empirical focus in three main research areas: (a) antecedents of IPSAS adoption; (b) implementation of accrual accounting based on IPSASs; and (c) outcomes of IPSAS adoption. Third, it discusses the shortcomings and gaps in the existing research and develops an agenda for future research.
USP28 and USP25 are downregulated by Vismodegib in vitro and in colorectal cancer cell lines
Authors: Wang Hui , Meng Qian , Ding Yiluan , Xiong Muya , Zhu Mengying , Yang Yuanyuan , Su Haixia , Gu Lei , Xu Yechun , Shi Li , Zhou Hu , Zhang Naixia 
Published: June 2020

Deubiquitinase USP28 plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis by enhancing the stabilities of multiple cancer‐related proteins including c‐Myc, Notch1, and LSD1, and has become an attractive target for anticancer drug development. However, to date, only a few of USP28‐targeted active compounds have been developed, and the active compound‐binding pocket in USP28 has not been experimentally revealed yet. In this study, bioassay‐based high‐throughput screening was applied to discover USP28‐targeted inhibitors from the commercially available drug library. Vismodegib, an inhibitor of Hedgehog signaling pathway and FDA‐approved drug for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma, was found to exhibit inhibition activity against USP28 (IC50: 4.41 ± 1.08 μm). Multiple biophysical and biochemical techniques including NMR, ITC, thermal shift assay, HDX‐MS, and site‐directed mutagenesis analysis were then used to characterize the interaction between Vismodegib and USP28. The binding pocket in USP28 for Vismodegib, which is mainly composed of two helical structures spanning D255‐N278 and N286‐Y293, was revealed. According to the possible binding pose generated by HDX‐MS data‐defined molecular docking, the binding cavity occupied by Vismodegib in USP28 aligns well with one of the reported‐binding pockets in USP7 for its inhibitors. Furthermore, cellular assays were conducted to confirm that Vismodegib could interact with the evolutionarily related deubiquitinases USP28 and USP25 and downregulate the levels of the two enzymes' substrate proteins c‐Myc, Notch1, and Tankyrase‐1/2.
Automated assessment of Ki‐67 in breast cancer: the utility of digital image analysis using virtual triple staining and whole slide imaging
Authors: Hida Akira I , Omanovic Dzenita , Pedersen Lars , Oshiro Yumi , Ogura Takashi , Nomura Tsunehisa , Kurebayashi Junichi , Kanomata Naoki , Moriya Takuya 
Published: June 2020

AimsPrecise evaluation of proliferative activity is essential for the stratified treatment of luminal‐type breast cancer (BC). Immunohistochemical staining of Ki‐67 has been widely used to determine proliferative activity and is recognised to be a useful prognostic marker. However, there remains discussion concerning the methodology. We aimed to develop an automated and reliable Ki‐67 assessment approach for invasive BC.Materials and resultsA retrospective study was designed to include two cohorts consisting of 152 and 261 consecutive patients with luminal‐type BC. Representative tissue blocks following surgery were collected, and three serial sections were stained automatically with Ki‐67, pan‐cytokeratin and p63. The whole slides were scanned digitally and aligned using VirtualTripleStaining – an extension to the VirtualDoubleStaining™ technique provided by Visiopharm software. The aligned files underwent automated invasive cancer detection, hot‐spot identification and Ki‐67 counting. The automated scores showed a significant positive correlation with the pathologists' scores (r = 0.82, P < 0.0001). Among selected patients with curative surgery and standard adjuvant therapies (n = 130), the digitally assessed low Ki‐67 group (<20%) demonstrated a significantly better prognosis (breast cancer‐specific survival, P = 0.030; hazard ratio = 0.038) than the high Ki‐67 group.ConclusionsDigital image analysis yielded similar results to the scores determined by experienced pathologists. The prognostic utility was verified in our cohort, and an automated process is expected to have high reproducibility. Although some pitfalls were confirmed and thus need to be monitored by laboratory staff, the application could be utilised for the assessment of BC.
Predictors of incomplete viral response and virologic failure in patients with acute and early HIV infection. Results of Italian Network of ACuTe HIV InfectiON (INACTION) cohort
Authors: Taramasso L , Fabbiani M , Nozza S , De Benedetto I , Bruzzesi E , Mastrangelo A , Pinnetti C , Calcagno A , Ferrara M , Bozzi G , Focà E , Quiros‐Roldan E , Ripamonti D , Campus M , Celesia BM , Torti C , Cosco L , Di Biagio A , Rusconi S , Marchetti G , Mussini C , Gulminetti R , Cingolani A , d’Ettorre G , Madeddu G , Franco A , Orofino G , Squillace N , Muscatello A , Gori A , Antinori A , Tambussi G , Bandera A ,   INACTION study group
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the factors that can influence an incomplete viral response (IVR) after acute and early HIV infection (AEHI).MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational study including patients with AEHI (Fiebig stages I–V) diagnosed between January 2008 and December 2014 at 20 Italian centres. IVR was defined by: (1) viral blip (51–1000 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL after achievement of < 50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL); (2) virologic failure [> 1000 copies/mL after achievement of < 200 copies/mL, or ≥ 200 copies/mL after 24 weeks on an antiretroviral therapy (ART)]; (3) suboptimal viral response (> 50 copies/mL after 48 weeks on ART or two consecutive HIV‐1 RNA levels with ascending trend during ART). Cox regression analysis was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for IVR.ResultsIn all, 263 patients were studied, 227 (86%) males, with a median [interquartile range (IQR)] age of 38 (30–46) years. During a median follow‐up of 13.0 (5.7–31.1) months, 38 (14.4%) had IVR. The presence of central nervous system (CNS) symptoms was linked to a higher risk of IVR (HR = 4.70, 95% CI: 1.56–14.17), while a higher CD4/CD8 cell count ratio (HR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03–0.51 for each point increase) and first‐line ART with three‐drug regimens recommended by current guidelines (HR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.18–0.91 compared with other regimens including four or five drugs, older drugs or non‐standard backbones) were protective against IVR.ConclusionsPatients with lower CD4/CD8 ratio and CNS symptoms could be at a higher risk of IVR after AEHI. The use of recommended ART may be relevant for improving short‐term viral efficacy in this group of patients.
Characteristics and nutritional value of biscuits fortified with debittered salmon (Salmo salar) frame hydrolysate
Authors: Singh Avtar , Benjakul Soottawat , Huda Nurul 
Published: June 2020

SummaryEffect of debittered salmon frame hydrolysate (DSFH) at various levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g/100 g) on physicochemical, textural, sensory and nutritional properties of biscuits was investigated. The highest thickness was obtained for the sample with 25 g/100 g DSFH (P < 0.05). There was no difference in diameter among all the biscuit samples (P > 0.05). The samples added with DSFH had lower weight, water activity and moisture content than the control (CONT, without DSFH) (P < 0.05). DSFH at 15 g/100 g showed no detrimental effect on sensory properties of resulting biscuits (DSFH‐15). The DSFH‐15 biscuit showed reduction in cutting force and fracturability. Scanning electron microscopic and cross‐sectional images showed that DSFH‐15 biscuit had more porous structure, compared to the CONT. The biscuits fortified with 15 g/100 g DSFH had higher protein but had lower energy value, fat and carbohydrate content than the CONT.
The structural studies of a polysaccharide purified from Oat Lao‐Chao
Authors: A Rong , Zhang Meili , Lu Yu , Zhang Huijie , Bai Xue 
Published: June 2020

SummaryOat Lao‐Chao contains bioactive components such as polysaccharides, of which immunomodulatory activity is recognised as the most important biological activity of polysaccharides. This paper studied optimisation of manufacturing Oat Lao‐Chao, extraction of polysaccharide and removal of its protein, separation and purification of polysaccharide. The results showed that a water‐soluble polysaccharide coded as LCPS‐2 was isolated from Oat Lao‐Chao. The polysaccharide was homogeneous and produced an asymmetrical peak obtained by high‐performance gel permeation chromatography. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that LCPS‐2 was containing arabinose, xylose, galactose, glucose and mannose in a ratio of 1.01: 0.72: 0.76: 0.28: 0.10. The GC‐MS results of the derived alditol acetates from the permethylated LCPS‐2 showed some separate peaks corresponding to (→6)‐ Galp,(→3,6)‐Galp, terminal Ara, (→5)‐Ara, (→1)‐linked Xyl, (→3)‐Xyl and (→6)‐Glc units. NMR analysis and acid hydrolysis experiments indicated that the core structure features include a chain consisting of (1,3,6)‐linked Galp, (1,4)‐linked Galp, (1,5)‐linked Ara residues.
Short SiC fiber/Ti3SiC2 MAX phase composites: Fabrication and creep evaluation
Authors: Dash Apurv , Malzbender Jürgen , Vaßen Robert , Guillon Olivier , Gonzalez‐Julian Jesus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe compressive creep of silicon carbide fiber reinforced Ti3SiC2 MAX phase with both fine and coarse microstructure was investigated in the temperature range of 1000‐1300°C. Comparison of only steady‐state creep was done to understand the response of fabricated composite materials toward creep deformation. It was demonstrated that the fibers are more effective in reducing the creep rates for the coarse microstructure by an increase in activation energy compared to the variant with a finer microstructure, being partly a result of the enhanced creep rates for the microstructure with larger grain size. Grain boundary sliding along with fiber fracture appears to be the main creep mechanism for most of the tested temperature range. However, there are indications for a changed creep mechanism for the fine microstructure for the lowest testing temperature. Local pores are formed to accommodate differences in strain related to creeping matrix and predominantly elastically deformed fibers during creep. Microstructural analysis was done on the material before and after creep to understand the deformation mechanics.
eHealth in the support of people with mild intellectual disability in daily life: A systematic review
Authors: Oudshoorn Cathelijn E. M. , Frielink Noud , Nijs Sara L. P. , Embregts Petri J. C. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundeHealth has recently made rapid progress in care, support and treatment. However, studies on the use of eHealth to support people with a mild intellectual disability in daily life are limited. A systematic review was conducted to provide an overview of this use of eHealth.MethodsSeven databases were searched for relevant studies and assessed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Descriptive analyses were deployed using the Matching Person to Technology model to evaluate the key areas contributing to successful eHealth use.ResultsMost of the 46 studies included were small‐scale case studies and focused on using eHealth to acquire daily living skills and vocational skills. In addition, several studies focused on eHealth use for self‐support in daily living, and three studies focused on remote professional support.ConclusionseHealth offers opportunities to support people with mild intellectual disability in various different contexts of daily life. Scientific research on this topic is in its early stage, and further high‐quality research is needed.
Evolving trends in the prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody positivity among HIV‐infected men in a community‐based primary care setting
Authors: Chen Yun‐Chi , Thio Chloe L , Kamangar Farin , Cox Andrea L , Wiberg Kjell J 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in the United States occurred mostly among those born between 1945 and 1965. However, new infections continue to increase in recent years. To understand the changes in the prevalence and risk factors of HCV infection in different age and risk groups among men living with HIV, we performed a retrospective cross‐sectional analyses of 1948 HIV‐infected men at a multisite community health centre in urban/suburban and rural Maryland from 2003 through 2014. We used multivariate logistic regression to determine factors associated with HCV antibody (anti‐HCV) positivity and restricted cubic spline method to model trends in anti‐HCV prevalence over time. The overall anti‐HCV prevalence was 24.2%. The annual prevalence declined in the full cohort, from 38% in 2003 to 24% in 2014, and among those ≥ 40 years old. However, the annual prevalence increased initially and then stabilized in the groups of men who were younger (<40 years old) or had injection‐drug use and/or sex with men. Among the younger injection‐drug users, the prevalence rose from 33% in 2003 to 79% in 2009 and then stabilized. The independent predictors for anti‐HCV positivity differed between the men with and without injection‐drug use and between those < 40 and ≥ 40 years old. Notably, a high prevalence of anti‐HCV was observed among the younger, white injection‐drug users residing in rural areas. Thus, the HCV epidemic continued unabated among high‐risk individuals in this diverse population of HIV‐infected men. The ongoing HCV transmission among young HIV‐infected men poses a challenge en route to HCV eradication.
Sierra Nevada mountain lake microbial communities are structured by temperature, resources and geographic location
Authors: Schulhof Marika A. , Allen Andrew E. , Allen Eric E. , Mladenov Natalie , McCrow John P. , Jones Natalie T. , Blanton Jessica , Cavalheri Hamanda B. , Kaul Drishti , Symons Celia C. , Shurin Jonathan B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWarming, eutrophication (nutrient fertilization) and brownification (increased loading of allochthonous organic matter) are three global trends impacting lake ecosystems. However, the independent and synergistic effects of resource addition and warming on autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms are largely unknown. In this study, we investigate the independent and interactive effects of temperature, dissolved organic carbon (DOC, both allochthonous and autochthonous) and nitrogen (N) supply, in addition to the effect of spatial variables, on the composition, richness, and evenness of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial communities in lakes across elevation and N deposition gradients in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California, USA. We found that both prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities are structured by temperature, terrestrial (allochthonous) DOC and latitude. Prokaryotic communities are also influenced by total and aquatic (autochthonous) DOC, while eukaryotic communities are also structured by nitrate. Additionally, increasing N availability was associated with reduced richness of prokaryotic communities, and both lower richness and evenness of eukaryotes. We did not detect any synergistic or antagonistic effects as there were no interactions among temperature and resource variables. Together, our results suggest that (a) organic and inorganic resources, temperature, and geographic location (based on latitude and longitude) independently influence lake microbial communities; and (b) increasing N supply due to atmospheric N deposition may reduce richness of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes, probably by reducing niche dimensionality. Our study provides insight into abiotic processes structuring microbial communities across environmental gradients and their potential roles in material and energy fluxes within and between ecosystems.
Minimally Invasive Pedicle Screw Fixation Combined with Percutaneous Kyphoplasty Under O‐Arm Navigation for the Treatment of Metastatic Spinal Tumors with Posterior Wall Destruction
Authors: Zhou Zhang‐zhe , Wang Yi‐meng , Liang Xiao , Ze Xiao , Liu Hao , Chen Kang‐wu , Zhu Xiao‐yu , Sun Zhi‐yong , Qian Zhong‐lai 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of O‐arm‐guided minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation combined with percutaneous kyphoplasty for metastatic spinal tumors with posterior wall destruction.MethodsPatients who underwent minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation combined with percutaneous kyphoplasty for pathological vertebral fractures with posterior wall defects from January 2015 to December 2017 were followed up for 1 year. Visual analogue scale (VAS), SF‐36 scores, middle vertebral height, posterior vertebral height, and the accuracy of pedicle screws were assessed preoperatively, postoperatively, and 1 year after surgery. The operation time, time from operation to discharge, blood loss, volume of bone cement, and leakage of bone cement were recorded.ResultsTwenty‐three patients (13 females and 10 males) who met our criteria were followed up for 1 year. The operation time of these patients was 162.61 ± 33.47 min, the amount of bleeding was 230.87 ± 93.76 mL, the time from operation to discharge was 4.35 ± 2.42 days, and the volume of bone cement was 3.67 ± 0.63 mL. The VAS score decreased from 7.04 ± 1.07 to 2.65 ± 0.93 before surgery (P = 0.000) and remained at 2.57 ± 0.79 1 year after surgery. Compared with the preoperative SF‐36 scores for physical pain, physiological function, energy, and social function, the postoperative scores were significantly improved (P = 0.000). The height of the middle vertebral body increased from 14.47 ± 2.96 mm before surgery to 20.18 ± 2.94 mm (P = 0.000), and remained at 20.44 to 3.01 mm 1 year after surgery. The height of the posterior vertebral body increased from 16.56 ± 3.07 mm before operation to 22.79 ± 4.00 mm (P = 0.000), and 22.45 ± 3.88 mm 1 year after surgery. The 23 patients had a total of 92 pedicle screws; 85 screws were Grade A and 7 screws were Grade B. There was no leakage of bone cement after surgery.ConclusionIn the short term, O‐arm‐guided minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation combined with kyphoplasty is safe and effective in the treatment of metastatic spinal tumors with posterior wall destruction.
Chemical preservation of tail feathers fromAnchiornis huxleyi, a theropod dinosaur from the Tiaojishan Formation (Upper Jurassic, China)
Authors: Cincotta Aude , Nguyen Tu Thanh Thuy , Colaux Julien L. , Terwagne Guy , Derenne Sylvie , Godefroit Pascal , Carleer Robert , Anquetil Christelle , Yans Johan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA panel of geochemical techniques is used here to investigate the taphonomy of fossil feathers preserved in association with the skeleton of the Jurassic theropodAnchiornis huxleyi. Extant feathers were analysed in parallel to test whether the soft tissues morphologically preserved in the fossil also exhibit a high degree of chemical preservation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) indicate that clays and iron oxide pseudomorphs occur in the surrounding sediment and also reveal the preservation of melanosome‐like microbodies in the fossil. Carbon gradient along a depth profile and co‐occurrence of carbon and sulphur are shown in the fossil by elastic backscattering (EBS) and particle‐induced x‐ray emission (PIXE), which are promising techniques for the elemental analysis of fossil soft tissues. The molecular composition of modern and fossil soft tissues was assessed from micro‐attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro‐ATR FTIR), solid‐state13C nuclear magnetic resonance (CP‐MAS13C NMR) and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry in the presence of TMAH (TMAH‐Py‐GC‐MS). Results indicate that the proteinaceous material that comprises the modern feathers is not present in the fossil feathers. The fossil feathers and the embedding sediment exhibit a highly aliphatic character. However, substantial differences exist between these samples, revealing that the organic matter of the fossil feathers is, at least partially, derived from original constituents of the feathers. Our results suggest that, despite the morphological preservation ofAnchiornisfeathers, original proteins, that is keratin, were probably not preserved in the 160‐myr‐old feathers.