bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐pollination barriers between two sympatric Arisaema species in northern Shikoku Island, Japan
Authors: Matsumoto Tetsuya K. , Miyazaki Yuko , Sueyoshi Masahiro , Senda Yoshihiro , Yamada Kazuhiro , Hirobe Muneto 
Published: November 2019

PremiseThe genus Arisaema (Araceae) has rapidly diversified in Japan, and multiple species often coexist in the field. Although Japanese Arisaema species hybridize from artificial crossing, hybrid individuals are rare in mixed populations; suggesting the presence of effective pre‐pollination barriers. We examined the following reproductive barriers between A. sikokianum and A. tosaense: habitat, phenology, and pollinator isolations.MethodsHabitat isolation was examined by interspecific comparisons of microhabitat conditions at a mixed site and of altitude at the sampling site of herbarium specimens. Phenological isolation was evaluated by comparing seasonal transition in apparent spathe condition and frequency of insect visitation. Pollinator isolation was examined by comparing floral visitor assemblages between the two Arisaema species. To avoid overestimation of pollinator isolation due to seasonal changes in insect assemblages, we also compared visitor assemblages between natural and late‐flowering A. sikokianum, where the latter was experimentally introduced and blooming with a natural A. tosaense population.ResultsMicrohabitat conditions and sampling elevations of herbarium specimens overlapped between the two Arisaema species. At the population level, A. sikokianum and A. tosaense flowered for 39 and 52 days, respectively, with 13 days overlap. Insect visitation in A. sikokianum decreased before the seasonal overlap. Floral visitor assemblages differed between the two Arisaema species, while the difference between natural and late‐flowering A. sikokianum was less distinct.ConclusionsPhenological and pollinator isolation contribute to reproductive isolation between the two Arisaema species and should enable the two species to coexist in this area.
CHARGE syndrome in nine patients from China
Authors: Cheng Shirley S. W. , Luk Ho‐Ming , Chan David K. H. , Lo Ivan F. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCHARGE syndrome (CS) is a multiple congenital anomalies condition with the majority of cases caused by dominant loss‐of‐function mutations of the CHD7 gene. It is clinically characterized by coloboma of the eyes, heart defects, choanal atresia, retardation of growth and/or development, genital and/or urinary anomalies and ear malformations associated with deafness and vestibular disorder(s). This case series reported nine molecularly confirmed Chinese CS patients from nine unrelated families in Hong Kong. Clinical phenotype and facial features of these nine Chinese CS patients together with four previously reported Chinese patients were reviewed. Typical presentations like coloboma and choanal atresia were not universally present. The prevalence of choanal atresia in these Chinese CS patients was found to be significantly lower than that in previous cohorts of other ethnic groups. This report highlighted the existence of phenotypic variation of CS among different ethnicities and suggested that a high index of suspicion is necessary for diagnosis of CS in Chinese patients.
Agenesis of the corpus callosum and hepatoblastoma
Authors: Luckie Taylor M. , Potter Samara L. , Bacino Carlos A. , Shah Rachana , Heczey Andras , Venkatramani Rajkumar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAgenesis of the corpus callosum is a congenital brain malformation that can occur in isolation or as a component of a congenital syndrome. Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a rare tumor that comprises two thirds of primary hepatic neoplasms in children and adolescents. Up to 20% of children with HB have associated congenital anomalies. In addition to defined genetic syndromes such as Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, Trisomy 13, and Trisomy 18, HB is significantly associated with kidney/bladder abnormalities. We present two children with multiple congenital anomalies, including agenesis of the corpus callosum, who were subsequently diagnosed with HB. Review of the literature revealed two patients with clinically‐diagnosed Aicardi syndrome and HB. Due to the rarity of both agenesis of the corpus callosum and HB, this is likely a true association. Further investigation into the underlying genetic and molecular basis of this probable association is warranted.
Multiwavelength GaN‐Based Surface‐Emitting Lasers and Their Design Principles
Authors: Weng Guoen , Chen Shaoqiang , Mei Yang , Liu Yuejun , Akiyama Hidefumi , Hu Xiaobo , Liu Jianping , Zhang Baoping , Chu Junhao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDual‐wavelength lasing operations are demonstrated in GaN‐based vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSELs) comprising ingeniously designed asymmetric InGaN quantum wells (AS‐QWs). The dual laser modes show exact positive‐correlated polarization dependences with a high degree of polarization of up to 98%. By simply tuning the pump energy, the components and intensity of the laser outputs can be continuously changed, making wavelength selection and switching available for the GaN‐based VCSELs. Detailed theoretical analysis and experimental measurements show that the intensity of optical gain and the coupling between the active layer and optical field, namely the electron–photon interaction, as well as carrier tunneling and photon reabsorption play a crucial role in the multiwavelength lasing processes. Moreover, the design principles of the proposed AS‐QWs and multistacked size‐varied quantum dot (MS‐QD) active regions are elaborated to provide guidelines for controllable multiwavelength emissions in GaN‐based surface‐emitting lasers. These results not only provide better understanding of lasing in nitride‐based microcavity systems but also shed insight into the more fundamental issues of electron–photon coupling in such systems. Importantly, such controllable multiwavelength laser operations may extend nitride‐based VCSELs to previously inaccessible areas, for example, flip‐flop, ultrafast switches, and other functional devices such as Raman lasers and sensors.
Nickela‐electrocatalyzed C−H Alkoxylation with Secondary Alcohols: Oxidation‐Induced Reductive Elimination at Nickel(III)
Authors: Zhang Shou‐Kun , Struwe Julia , Hu Lianrui , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNickela‐electrooxidative C−H alkoxylations with challenging secondary alcohols were accomplished in a fully dehydrogenative fashion, thereby avoiding stoichiometric chemical oxidants, with H2 as the only stoichiometric byproduct. The nickela‐electrocatalyzed oxygenation proved viable with various (hetero)arenes, including naturally occurring secondary alcohols, without racemization. Detailed mechanistic investigation, including DFT calculations and cyclovoltammetric studies of a well‐defined C−H activated nickel(III) intermediate, suggest an oxidation‐induced reductive elimination at nickel(III).
Alternative monomers for 4,4′‐methylenedianiline in thermosetting epoxy resins
Authors: Bassett Alexander W. , Cosgrove Jayson D. , Schmalbach Kevin M. , Stecca Owen M. , Paquette Craig M. , Adams Valerie H. , Eck William S. , Sadler Joshua M. , La Scala John J. , Stanzione Joseph F. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT4,4′‐Methylenedianiline (MDA) is utilized to produce high temperature epoxy resins as well as other high‐performance composites; however, MDA is a known carcinogen and liver toxicant. Novel dianilines derived from both petroleum and biomass with different quantities and types of methyl and methoxy substituents on the aromatic ring were prepared and studied to reduce toxicity and carcinogenic aspects of the resulting material while maintaining thermal and mechanical integrity. These dianilines were primarily prepared by coupling commercial anilines using paraformaldehyde under acidic conditions. Another dianiline was prepared by nitration of bisphenol A and subsequent reduction of the nitrates to amines. Structure–toxicity relationships indicate that multiple substituents on the aromatic ring are necessary to reduce the toxicity of the dianiline. Epoxy‐amine resins were prepared by blending the dianilines with 50 wt % Epikure W liquid amine curing agent and mixing with a stoichiometric amount of EPON 828 epoxy resin. Methoxy and methyl substituents increase the melting point of the dianilines by as much as 65 °C, thereby worsening the processing of these monomers as liquid thermoset resins. Structure–property relationships show that the addition of a methoxy group to the aromatic ring and moving the amine from the 4,4′ position on the dianiline reduces the glass transition temperature (T
g) by approximately 10 °C. A single methyl group has little effect on T
g and two methyl groups increase the T
g only when both are ortho to the amine, yet this causes a large 14 °C increase in T
g. Thermal degradation profiles are not significantly affected by the dianiline. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48707.
Colloidally stable polypeptide‐based nanogel: Study of enzyme‐mediated nanogelation in inverse miniemulsion
Authors: Dvořáková Jana , Šálek Petr , Korecká Lucie , Pavlova Ewa , Černoch Peter , Janoušková Olga , Koutníková Barbora , Proks Vladimír 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe current work presents a pivotal study of the nanogelation of the linear poly(N5‐2‐hydroxypropyl‐L‐glutamine) polymer precursor containing tyramine (TYR) units in an inverse miniemulsion by horseradish peroxidase/H2O2‐mediated crosslinking. The effects of various nH2O2/nTYR ratios on the kinetics of nanogelation in the inverse miniemulsion and on the reaction time are investigated by linear sweep voltammetry, while the formation of dityramine crosslinking is explored by fluorescence spectroscopy. The study is completed using dynamic light scattering measurements, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy to acquire comprehensive information about the formed nanoparticulate systems. With the optimal ratio nH2O2/nTYR = 2, the strategy yields in the high‐quality ~ 130 nm poly(amino acid)‐based nanogel, which is prepared in 2 h. The nanogel is colloidally stable under different temperature and pH conditions for over 168 h. Moreover, the demonstrated nanogel is noncytotoxic for HeLa cells and human primary fibroblasts and is quickly enzymatically hydrolyzed into small fragments during a biodegradation study in human blood plasma. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48725.
Diagnostic Assessment Strategies and Disease Subsets in Giant Cell Arteritis: Data From an International Observational Cohort
Authors: Gribbons K. Bates , Ponte Cristina , Craven Anthea , Robson Joanna C. , Suppiah Ravi , Luqmani Raashid , Watts Richard , Merkel Peter A. , Grayson Peter C. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveDiagnostic assessment in giant cell arteritis (GCA) is rapidly changing as vascular imaging becomes more available. This study was undertaken to determine if clinicalGCAsubsets have distinct profiles or reflect differential diagnostic assessments.MethodsPatients were recruited from an international cohort and divided into 4 subsets based on a temporal artery (TA) abnormality (positiveTAbiopsy [TAB] or halo sign onTAultrasound [TA‐US]) and/or evidence of large vessel (LV) involvement on imaging: 1) bothTAabnormality andLVinvolvement (TA+/LV+GCA); 2)TAabnormality withoutLVinvolvement (TA+/LV−GCA); 3)LVinvolvement withoutTAabnormality (TA−/LV+GCA); and 4) clinically diagnosedGCAwithoutLVinvolvement orTAabnormality (TA−/LV−GCA).ResultsNine hundred forty‐one patients withGCAwere recruited from 72 international study sites. Most patients received multiple forms of diagnostic assessment, includingTAB(n = 705 [75%]),TA‐US(n = 328 [35%]), andLVimaging (n = 534 [57%]). Assessment usingTAB,TA‐US, andLVimaging confirmed the diagnosis ofGCAin 66%, 79%, and 40% of cases, respectively.GCAsubsets had distinct profiles independent of diagnostic assessment strategies.TA+/LV− were the most common subset (51%), with a high burden of cranial ischemia. Those in theTA−/LV− subset (26%) had a high prevalence of cranial ischemia and musculoskeletal symptoms. Patients in theTA−/LV+ subset (12%) had prevalent upper extremity vascular abnormalities and a low prevalence of vision loss, and those in theTA+/LV+ subset (11%) were older and had a high prevalence of cranial ischemia, constitutional symptoms, and elevated acute‐phase reactant levels.ConclusionVascular imaging is increasingly incorporated into the diagnostic assessment ofGCAand identifies clinical subsets of patients based on involvement of temporal and extracranial arteries.
Sequence Learning in Minimally Verbal Children With ASD and the Beneficial Effect of Vestibular Stimulation
Authors: Katz‐Nave Gili , Adini Yael , Hetzroni Orit E. , Bonneh Yoram S. 
Published: November 2019

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and especially the minimally verbal, often fail to learn basic perceptual and motor skills. This deficit has been demonstrated in several studies, but the findings could have been due to the nonoptimal adaptation of the paradigms. In the current study, we sought to characterize the skill learning deficit in young minimally verbal children with ASD and explore ways for improvement. For this purpose, we used vestibular stimulation (VS) whose beneficial effects have been demonstrated in the typical population, but the data regarding ASD are limited. We trained 36 children ages 6–13 years, ASD (N = 18, 15 of them minimally verbal) and typical development (TD, N = 18), on a touch version of the visual‐motor Serial‐Reaction‐Time sequence‐learning task, in 10 short (few minutes) weekly practice sessions. A subgroup of children received VS prior to each training block. All the participants but two ASD children showed gradual median reaction time improvement with significant speed gains across the training period. The ASD children were overall slower (by ~250 msec). Importantly, those who received VS (n = 10) showed speed gains comparable to TD, which were larger (by ~100%) than the ASD controls, and partially sequence‐specific. VS had no effect on the TD group. These results suggest that VS has a positive effect on learning in minimally verbal ASD children, which may have important therapeutic implications. Furthermore, contrary to some previous findings, minimally verbal children with ASD can acquire, in optimal conditions, procedural skills with few short training sessions, spread over weeks, and with a similar time course as non‐ASD controls. Autism Res 2020, 13: 320–337. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryMinimally verbal children with ASD who received specially adjusted learning conditions showed significant learning of a visual‐motor sequence across 10 practice days. This learning was considerably improved with vestibular stimulation before each short learning session. This may have important practical implications in the education and treatment of ASD children.
Happy emotion cognition of bimodal audiovisual stimuli optimizes the performance of the P300 speller
Authors: Lu Zhaohua , Li Qi , Gao Ning , Yang Jingjing , Bai Ou 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivePrior studies of emotional cognition have found that emotion‐based bimodal face and voice stimuli can elicit larger event‐related potential (ERP) amplitudes and enhance neural responses compared with visual‐only emotional face stimuli. Recent studies on brain–computer interface have shown that emotional face stimuli have significantly improved the performance of the traditional P300 speller system, but its performance needs to be further improved for practical applications. Therefore, we herein propose a novel audiovisual P300 speller based on bimodal emotional cognition to further improve the performance of the P300 system.MethodsThe audiovisual P300 speller we proposed is based on happy emotions, with visual and auditory stimuli that consist of several pairs of smiling faces and audible chuckles (E‐AV spelling paradigm) of different ages and sexes. The control paradigm was the visual‐only emotional face P300 speller (E‐V spelling paradigm).ResultsWe compared the ERP amplitudes, accuracy, and raw bit rate between the E‐AV and E‐V spelling paradigms. The target stimuli elicited significantly increased P300 amplitudes (p < .05) and P600 amplitudes (p < .05) in the E‐AV spelling paradigm compared with those in the E‐V paradigm. The E‐AV spelling paradigm also significantly improved the spelling accuracy and the raw bit rate compared with those in the E‐V paradigm at one superposition (p < .05) and at two superpositions (p < .05).SignificanceThe proposed emotion‐based audiovisual spelling paradigm not only significantly improves the performance of the P300 speller, but also provides a basis for the development of various bimodal P300 speller systems, which is a step forward in the clinical application of brain–computer interfaces.
Self‐assembled Polydiacetylene Nanoribbons for Semi‐heterogeneous and Enantioselective Organocatalysis of Aldol Reactions in Water
Authors: Hoang Minh‐Duc , Kumar Ramar Arun , Buisson David A. , Ling Wai Li , Gravel Edmond , Doris Eric 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe report the synthesis, characterization, and supra‐molecular assembly of novel diacetylene amphiphilic units bearing a chiral proline‐derived head group. In water, these amphiphiles self‐assemble into twisted ribbons that are photo‐polymerized to afford stable nanostructures. The nanoribbons were valorized in the semi‐heterogeneous and enantioselective catalysis of aldol reactions in water. The system is active on a variety of substrates, operates under sustainable conditions (room temperature, air atmosphere, low catalyst loading), and provides access to the target compounds with high enantiomeric excess. Moreover, the organocatalyst can be recycled over several runs with no loss in activity.
Bi‐enzymatic Conversion of Cinnamic Acids to 2‐Arylethylamines
Authors: Weise Nicholas J. , Thapa Prasansa , Ahmed Syed T. , Heath Rachel S. , Parmeggiani Fabio , Turner Nicholas J. , Flitsch Sabine L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe conversion of carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acids, to amines is a transformation that remains challenging in synthetic organic chemistry. Despite the ubiquity of similar moieties in natural metabolic pathways, biocatalytic routes seem to have been overlooked for this purpose. Herein we present the conception and optimisation of a two‐enzyme system, allowing the synthesis of β‐phenylethylamine derivatives from readily‐available ring‐substituted cinnamic acids. After characterisation of both parts of the reaction in a two‐step approach, a set of conditions allowing the one‐pot biotransformation was optimised. This combination of a reversible deaminating and irreversible decarboxylating enzyme, both specific for the amino acid intermediate in tandem, represents a general method by which new strategies for the conversion of carboxylic acids to amines could be designed.
Fabrication of a Lateral Gradient Rugate in Porous Silicon for a Miniature Spectrometer Application
Authors: Wang Joanna , Sailor Michael J. , Chang Byoung‐Yong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHere, we report on an application of bipolar electrochemistry utilizing an interfacial potential gradient that is distributed on a silicon electrode to generate a porous silicon film, which behaves as an optical rugate filter with a stop‐band that varies in wavelength across the film surface. While the electrode employed is not bipolar because only oxidation is required to etch the silicon wafer, the fundamental concept of bipolar electrochemistry is exploited to generate the anodic current gradient on the silicon anode. When imaged with a smartphone camera and analyzed with the appropriate image processing algorithm, the gradient filter acts as a rudimentary spectrometer. Test spectra are obtained and benchmarked to a conventional CCD spectrometer.
Clostridium Acetobutylicum’s Connecting World: Cell Appendage Formation in Bioelectrochemical Systems
Authors: Engel Mareike , Gemünde André , Holtmann Dirk , Müller‐Renno Christine , Ziegler Christiane , Tippkötter Nils , Ulber Roland 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBacterial cell appendix formation supports cell‐cell interaction, cell adhesion and cell movement. Additionally, in bioelectrochemical systems (BES), cell appendages have been shown to participate in extracellular electron transfer. In this work, the cell appendix formation of Clostridium acetobutylicum in biofilms of a BES are imaged and compared with conventional biofilms. Under all observed conditions, the cells possess filamentous appendages with a higher number and density in the BES. Differences in the amount of extracellular polymeric substance in the biofilms of the electrodes lead to the conclusion that the cathode can be used as electron donor and the anode as electron acceptor by C. acetobutylicum. When using conductive atomic force microscopy, a current response of about 15 nA is found for the cell appendages from the BES. This is the first report of conductivity for clostridial cell appendices and represents the basis for further studies on their role for biofilm formation and electron transfer.
Enhanced Metallophilicity in Metal–Carbene Systems: Stronger Character of Aurophilic Interactions in Solution
Authors: Vellé Alba , Rodríguez‐Santiago Luis , Sodupe Mariona , Sanz Miguel Pablo J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMetallophilicity is an essential concept that builds upon the attraction between closed shell metal ions. We report on the [M2(bisNHC)2]2+ (M=AuI, AgI; NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) systems, which display almost identical features in the solid state. However, in solution the Au2 cation exhibits a significantly higher degree of rigidity owed to the stronger character of the aurophilic interactions. Both Au2 and Ag2 cationic constructs are able to accommodate Ag+ ions via M–M interactions, despite their inherent Coulombic repulsion. When electrostatic repulsion between host and guest is partially diminished, M–M distances are substantially shortened. Quantum chemical calculations estimate intermetallic bond orders up to 0.2. Although at the limit of (or beyond) the van der Waals radii, metallophilic interactions are responsible for their behavior in solution.