bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics Modeling of Topologically Simple Parallel Kinematic Manipulators: A Geometric Approach
Authors: Müller Andreas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Dynamics modeling is indispensable for the design and control of dexterous parallel kinematic manipulators/machines (PKM). Various modeling approaches proposed in the literature build upon the classical formulations for serial manipulators, and thus, inherit those modeling conventions that tend to be restrictive rather than user-friendly. Moreover, the special kinematic topology of PKM is treated either ad hoc or by resolving loop constraints using standard methods from multibody dynamics. Geometric formulations on the other hand, more precisely Lie group formulations, were developed over the last decades that provide a flexible and user-friendly approach to the modeling of robotic systems in general. A dedicated formulation for topologically simple PKM has not yet been proposed, however. Such a formulation is presented in this paper. The frame invariance of the geometric formulation gives rise to a modular modeling approach that further reduces the modeling effort. The equations of motion (EOM) in terms of task space coordinates as well as in actuator coordinates are presented for kinematically nonredundant and redundant topologically simple PKMs. A PKM is topologically simple if its moving platform is connected to the base by simple serial kinematic chains and if there are no other kinematic chains than these. The majority of PKMs are topologically simple, including fully parallel PKM. Applications of the EOM for dynamics simulation and model-based control are briefly discussed. The paper also provides a literature review of approaches to dynamics modeling of PKM.
The Extraction of Double-Layer Capacitance: In a Case of PANI Film
Authors: Zeng Xiangdong , Zhou Kun , Xian Shijie , Jiang Linting 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe extraction of double-layer capacitance (DLC) is proposed using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. By the concept of the frequency-dependent DLC, the DLC of polyaniline (PANI)-coated platinum wire is separated from the total capacitance at different DC potentials. The high conducting oxidized PANI is less frequency dependent. The DLC at the frequency of 1 Hz is the same as that of separation from the faradic current by cyclic voltammetry technology, exhibiting S-shaped curve at different DC potential. The process of the oxidation of PANI during the electrochemical impedance measurement is similar to the diffusion control.
Mechanical and Electrochemical Coupled Pitting Behavior of 2219 Aluminum Alloy: A Theoretical and Experimental Study
Authors: Miao Yuanyang , Lv Shengli , Srivatsan T. S. , Gao Xiaosheng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study attempts to provide a theoretical estimate coupled with an analysis of the measured data to predict pitting damage of an aluminum alloy 2219 under the conjoint influence of mechanical load and corrosive environment. In accordance with the basic principle of crater growth coupled with the synergistic influences of mechanical and chemical effects, the law governing the presence and growth of corrosion pits was studied. Based on the concept of microscopic damage mechanics, porosity as a damage variable was introduced and the resulting model for estimating the reduction in elastic modulus of the material that has experienced observable damage due to pitting was established. Accelerated corrosion tests and uniaxial tensile tests are carried out, and a research-grade microscope coupled with a laser range finder was used to study the formation, presence, and growth of the pits with time. It was found that the corrosion pit in the chosen aluminum alloy can be simulated as a semi-ellipsoid, and the relationship between the depth of the pit and applied stress is an exponential function. This enabled in establishing the influence of alloy chemistry on nature, extent, and severity of damage due to pitting. The macroscopic morphology of the damaged specimens after corrosion was carefully observed and analyzed. The influence of time of exposure to the environment and applied load on damage due to pitting was verified. A comparison between the calculated results and experimental data reveals an overall correctness of the method developed and discussed in this paper.
Thromboelastographic profiles of healthy very low birthweight infants serially during their first month
Authors: Raffaeli Genny , Tripodi Armando , Cavallaro Giacomo , Cortesi Valeria , Scalambrino Erica , Pesenti Nicola , Artoni Andrea , Mosca Fabio , Ghirardello Stefano 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveWe determined thromboelastographic (TEG) profiles of healthy very low birthweight infants (VLBWIs) of the day of birth and at set intervals during their first month.DesignProspective observational study with blinded clinical and laboratory follow-up.SettingLevel III neonatal intensive care unit (June 2015 to June 2018).PatientsConsecutive qualifying VLBWIs were enrolled at birth and followed up for 30 days.Interventions and main outcomes measuresLaboratory (citrated-native TEG, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, blood count) and clinical variables were retrieved at birth, 3rd–5th, 10th and 30th day of life. Blood samples temporally related to events with a potential hemostatic impact (sepsis, bleeding, platelets/plasma transfusions, ibuprofen/indomethacin administration) were excluded from analysis.ResultsWe enrolled 201 VLBWIs and 72 full-term neonates. Sixty-seven of the healthy VLBWIs completed the 30-day follow-up. 541 TEG traces were analysed.On day 1, the median (minimum–maximum) TEG values were as follows: reaction time (R), 8.2 min (1–21.8); kinetics (K), 2.8 min (0.8–16); α angle, 51° (14.2–80.6); maximum amplitude (MA), 54.9 mm (23.9–76.8). PT and APTT were 15.9 s (11.7–51.2) and 59 s (37.8–97.5), respectively. The above parameters suggest minor hypocoagulability compared with term infants. On day 30, the median (minimum–maximum) R was 5 (1–16.9), K 1 (0.8–4.1), α 74.7 (41.1–86.7) and MA 70.2 (35.8–79.7). PT and APTT were 12.1 (10.4–16.6) and 38.8 (29.6–51.4), respectively. Those parameters are consistent with a relatively hypercoagulable phenotype, compared with term infants.ConclusionsHealthy VLBWIs have a prolonged PT and APTT, but their TEG profiles suggest a relatively balanced hemostatic system, with slight hypocoagulability initially (compared with term neonates), gradually evolving to a somewhat more procoagulant phenotype over the first month.
Global prevalence of amblyopia and disease burden projections through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fu Zhujun , Hong Hao , Su Zhicai , Lou Bin , Pan Chen-Wei , Liu Hu 
Published: November 2019

PurposeAmblyopia is a leading cause of vision impairment among children and young adults. Individual studies showed significant variations in the prevalence of amblyopia in different regions and age groups. This study is to estimate the global prevalence of amblyopia by pooling its prevalence from the previous studies and to project the number of people affected through 2040.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of amblyopia using data published before 20 October 2018. We estimated the prevalence rate of amblyopia and its 95% CI globally and by subgroups (eg, region and age). The prevalence data were applied to United Nations World Population Prospects to derive the projected number with amblyopia through 2040.ResultsA meta-analysis of 60 studies (1 859 327 subjects) showed that the pooled prevalence rate of amblyopia was 1.44% (95% CI 1.17% to 1.78%). Prevalences in Europe (2.90%) and North America (2.41%) were higher than in Asia (1.09%) and Africa (0.72%). The highest prevalence was found in subjects over 20 years old (3.29%). There was no difference in the prevalence between genders. We estimated 99.2 (95% CI 71.7 to 146.1) million people with amblyopia in 2019 worldwide, increasing to 175.2 (95% CI 81.3 to 307.8) million by 2030 and 221.9 (95% CI 83.7 to 429.2) million by 2040.ConclusionsThe amblyopia is becoming a significant vision problem worldwide. It is of great importance to design and implement amblyopia screening, treatment and related public health strategies.
Trajectories of physical activity from midlife to old age and associations with subsequent cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality
Authors: Aggio Daniel , Papachristou Efstathios , Papacosta Olia , Lennon Lucy T , Ash Sarah , Whincup Peter , Wannamethee S Goya , Jefferis Barbara J 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionIt is well established that physical activity (PA) protects against mortality and morbidity, but how long-term patterns of PA are associated with mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear.Methods3231 men recruited to the British Regional Heart Study, a prospective cohort study, reported usual PA levels at baseline in 1978–1980 (aged 40–59 years) and at 12-year, 16-year and 20-year follow ups. Twenty-year trajectories of PA, spanning from 1978/1980 to 2000, were identified using group-based trajectory modelling. Men were subsequently followed up until 30 June 2016 for mortality through National Health Service central registers and for non-fatal CVD events through primary and secondary care records. Data analyses were conducted in 2019.ResultsThree PA trajectories were identified: low/decreasing (22.7%), light/stable (51.0%) and moderate/increasing (26.3%). Over a median follow-up of 16.4 years, there were 1735 deaths. Compared with the low/decreasing group, membership of the light/stable (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.94) and moderate/increasing (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.88) groups was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. Similar associations were observed for CVD mortality, major coronary heart disease and all CVD events. Associations were only partially explained by a range of confounders. Sensitivity analyses suggested that survival benefits were largely driven by most recent/current PA.ConclusionsA dose-response relationship was observed, with higher levels of PA from midlife to old age associated with additional benefits. However, even fairly modest and sustained PA was protective and may be more achievable for the most inactive.
NEK11 as a candidate high-penetrance melanoma susceptibility gene
Authors: Christodoulou Eirini , van Doorn Remco , Visser Mijke , Teunisse Amina , Versluis Mieke , van der Velden Pieter , Hayward Nicholas K , Jochemsen Aart , Gruis Nelleke 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundA proportion of patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma reports a positive family history. Inherited variants in CDKN2A and several other genes have been shown to predispose to melanoma; however, the genetic basis of familial melanoma remains unknown in most cases. The objective of this study was to provide insight into the genetic basis of familial melanoma.MethodsIn order to identify novel melanoma susceptibility genes, whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis was applied in a Dutch family with melanoma. The causality of a candidate variant was characterised by performing cosegregation analysis in five affected family members using patient-derived tissues and digital droplet PCR analysis to accurately quantify mutant allele frequency. Functional in-vitro studies were performed to assess the pathogenicity of the candidate variant.ResultsApplication of WES identified a rare, nonsense variant in the NEK11 gene (c.1120C>T, p.Arg374Ter), cosegregating in all five affected members of a Dutch family. NEK11 (NIMA-related Kinase 11) is involved in the DNA damage response, enforcing the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint. In a melanoma from a variant carrier, somatic loss of the wildtype allele of this putative tumour suppressor gene was demonstrated. Functional analyses showed that the NEK11 p.Arg374Ter mutation results in strongly reduced expression of the truncated protein caused by proteasomal degradation.ConclusionThe NEK11 p.Arg374Ter variant identified in this family leads to loss-of-function through protein instability. Collectively, these findings support NEK11 as a melanoma susceptibility gene.
Return to work after critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kamdar Biren B , Suri Rajat , Suchyta Mary R , Digrande Kyle F , Sherwood Kyla D , Colantuoni Elizabeth , Dinglas Victor D , Needham Dale M , Hopkins Ramona O 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundSurvivors of critical illness often experience poor outcomes after hospitalisation, including delayed return to work, which carries substantial economic consequences.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of return to work after critical illness.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Library from 1970 to February 2018. Data were extracted, in duplicate, and random-effects meta-regression used to obtain pooled estimates.ResultsFifty-two studies evaluated return to work in 10 015 previously employed survivors of critical illness, over a median (IQR) follow-up of 12 (6.25–38.5) months. By 1–3, 12 and 42–60 months’ follow-up, pooled return to work prevalence (95% CI) was 36% (23% to 49%), 60% (50% to 69%) and 68% (51% to 85%), respectively (τ2=0.55, I2=87%, p=0.03). No significant difference was observed based on diagnosis (acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) vs non-ARDS) or region (Europe vs North America vs Australia/New Zealand), but was observed when comparing mode of employment evaluation (in-person vs telephone vs mail). Following return to work, 20%–36% of survivors experienced job loss, 17%–66% occupation change and 5%–84% worsening employment status (eg, fewer work hours). Potential risk factors for delayed return to work include pre-existing comorbidities and post-hospital impairments (eg, mental health).ConclusionApproximately two-thirds, two-fifths and one-third of previously employed intensive care unit survivors are jobless up to 3, 12 and 60 months following hospital discharge. Survivors returning to work often experience job loss, occupation change or worse employment status. Interventions should be designed and evaluated to reduce the burden of this common and important problem for survivors of critical illness.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42018093135.
Electromagnetic instability and Schwinger effect in the Witten–Sakai–Sugimoto model with D0–D4 background
Authors: Cai Wenhe , Li Kang-le , Li Si-wen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Using the Witten–Sakai–Sugimoto model in the D0–D4 background, we holographically compute the vacuum decay rate of the Schwinger effect in this model. Our calculation contains the influence of the D0-brane density which could be identified as the $$\theta $$θ angle or chiral potential in QCD. Under the strong electromagnetic fields, the instability appears due to the creation of quark–antiquark pairs and the associated decay rate can be obtained by evaluating the imaginary part of the effective Euler–Heisenberg action which is identified as the action of the probe brane with a constant electromagnetic field. In the bubble D0–D4 configuration, we find the decay rate decreases when the $$\theta $$θ angle increases since the vacuum becomes heavier in the present of the glue condensate in this system. And the decay rate matches to the result in the black D0–D4 configuration at zero temperature limit according to our calculations. In this sense, the Hawking–Page transition of this model could be consistently interpreted as the confined/deconfined phase transition. Additionally there is another instability from the D0-brane itself in this system and we suggest that this instability reflects to the vacuum decay triggered by the $$\theta $$θ angle as it is known in the $$\theta $$θ-dependent QCD.
Scotogenic cobimaximal Dirac neutrino mixing from $$\Delta (27)$$ and $$U(1)_\chi $$
Authors: Ma Ernest 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the context of$$SU(3)_C \times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y \times U(1)_\chi $$SU(3)C×SU(2)L×U(1)Y×U(1)χ, where$$U(1)_\chi $$U(1)χcomes from$$SO(10) \rightarrow SU(5) \times U(1)_\chi $$SO(10)→SU(5)×U(1)χ, supplemented by the non-Abelian discrete$$\Delta (27)$$Δ(27)symmetry for three lepton families, Dirac neutrino masses and their mixing are radiatively generated through dark matter. The gauge$$U(1)_\chi $$U(1)χsymmetry is broken spontaneously. The discrete$$\Delta (27)$$Δ(27)symmetry is broken softly and spontaneously. Together, they result in two residual symmetries, a global$$U(1)_L$$U(1)Llepton number and a dark symmetry, which may be$$Z_2$$Z2,$$Z_3$$Z3, or$$U(1)_D$$U(1)Ddepending on what scalar breaks$$U(1)_\chi $$U(1)χ. Cobimaximal neutrino mixing, i.e.$$\theta _{13} \ne 0$$θ13≠0,$$\theta _{23} = \pi /4$$θ23=π/4, and$$\delta _{CP} = \pm \pi /2$$δCP=±π/2, may also be obtained.
Structure and magnetic properties of PP+Fe3O4 nanocomposites depending on manufacturing techniques
Authors: Ramazanov M. A. , Shirinova H. A. , Hajiyeva F. V. , Karimova A. Kh. 
Published: November 2019

The structures and magnetic properties of the PP[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]Fe3O4 nanocomposites manufactured by different technological techniques were studied in this work. Polymeric nanocomposite materials based on PP[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]Fe3O4 were obtained by two technological methods: hot pressing and extrusion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and AFM investigations of nanocomposites were carried out for structure analysis. It was found that the distribution of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the polymer matrix for nanocomposites obtained by the hot pressing method is uniform and monodisperse. Compared to this, the heterogeneous and inhomogeneous distribution of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix for the samples that were produced through extrusion method was observed. Furthermore, the nanocomposite samples produced via the extraction method have a lower surface regularity rather than those obtained by hot pressing. M(H) and M(T) studies of polymer nanocomposite samples synthesized through both technological methods were performed. Studies have shown that for relatively low concentrated samples — PP[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]10% Fe3O4, the values of the saturation magnetization were close, but the magnetization of nanocomposites obtained by heat pressing was slightly higher than the other samples. This is because the samples obtained by hot pressing method are characterized by higher uniformity and structure that is called “flat packaging”.
A high-performance graphene based asymmetric supercapacitor
Authors: Bokhari Syeda Wishal , Siddique Ahmad Hassan , Singh Harshpreet , Hayat Muhammad Dilawer , Zhu Shenmin , Gao Wei 
Published: November 2019

We present the design of a high-performance 2 V asymmetric supercapacitor made of graphene-based hybrid nanocomposites in 1 M KOH electrolyte. rGO-CNT-FeOOH (GC-F) was used as the cathode and rGO-CNC-MnO2 (GC-M) as the anode. Both composites well balanced each other in the asymmetric device and gave a high electrochemical performance. The energy density of this ASC is 66.6 W h kg[Formula: see text] at 3.8 kW kg[Formula: see text] power density with an excellent capacitance retention of 88% after 3000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles.
Content Removal as a Moderation Strategy
Authors: Srinivasan Kumar Bhargav , Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil Cristian , Lee Lillian , Tan Chenhao 
Published: November 2019

Moderators of online communities often employ comment deletion as a tool. We ask here whether, beyond the positive effects of shielding a community from undesirable content, does comment removal actually cause the behavior of the comment's author to improve? We examine this question in a particularly well-moderated community, the ChangeMyView subreddit.
The standard analytic approach of interrupted time-series analysis unfortunately cannot answer this question of causality because it fails to distinguish the effect of having made a non-compliant comment from the effect of being subjected to moderator removal of that comment. We therefore leverage a "delayed feedback" approach based on the observation that some users may remain active between the time when they posted the non-compliant comment and the time when that comment is deleted. Applying this approach to such users, we reveal the causal role of comment deletion in reducing immediate noncompliance rates, although we do not find evidence of it having a causal role in inducing other behavior improvements. Our work thus empirically demonstrates both the promise and some potential limits of content removal as a positive moderation strategy, and points to future directions for identifying causal effects from observational data.
The conference "computer algebra" in Moscow
Authors: Abramov Sergei A. , Ryabenko Anna , Sevastianov Leonid A. , Wu Min , Zonn Yvette 
Published: November 2019

The International Conference "Computer Algebra"was held in Moscow, Russia from June 17-21, 2019. The conference web-site is http://www.ccas.ru/ca/conference. Co-organized by the Dorodnicyn Computing Centre (Federal Research Center "Computer Science and Control") of Russian Academy of Sciences and the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, it was devoted to computer algebra and related topics.
This is the third edition of the conference, and the previous two were in 2016 and 2017, respectively.
A novel methodology for rat aortic pulse wave velocity assessment by Doppler ultrasound: validation against invasive measurements
Authors: Wang Zhen , Fu Zihao , Yang Yong , Xing Wenjuan , Zhang Xing , Wang Jiaping , Li Yongzhi , Yuan Lijun , Gao Feng 
Published: November 2019

There is still lack of a simple, accurate, and noninvasive method for rat aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement, especially the transit distance cannot be accurately measured. Thus, we aimed to derive an equation for aortic transit distance as a function of the nose-to-rump length ( L) and to test the hypothesis that aortic PWV measured by new equation combined with Doppler ultrasound (the “equation method”) may have stronger correlation with invasive measurements than traditional “body surface method.” Two-hundred male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (age ranged 5–24 wk) were included in protocol 1, and the aortic transit distances were measured postmortem. In protocol 2, heart-femoral PWV and carotid-femoral PWV were measured by equation method (hfPWVE, cfPWVE) and also by traditional body surface method (hfPWVS, cfPWVS) in another 30 young and 28 old rats. These measurements were then validated against invasively measured hfPWVI and cfPWVI from the same animal. Protocol 1 showed that the heart-femoral transit distance could be calculated by 0.6086 × L − 1.6523, and the carotid-femoral transit distance by 0.4614 × L + 1.8335. In protocol 2, in young rats, the Pearson r between hfPWVE, cfPWVE, hfPWVS, and cfPWVS and their corresponding invasive measurement were 0.8962, 0.8509, 0.8387, and 0.7828, respectively (all P < 0.0001). In the old group, the results were 0.8718, 0.7999, 0.8330, and 0.7112, respectively (all P < 0.0001). The hfPWVE and cfPWVE showed better agreement with hfPWVI and cfPWVI and lower intra- and interobserver variability compared with hfPWVS and cfPWVS in both groups. These findings demonstrate that this novel methodology provides a simple and reliable method for rat noninvasive aortic PWV measurement. NEW & NOTEWORTHY First, when measuring aortic PWV in SD rat models, the heart-femoral transit distance can be estimated by 0.6086 × L − 1.6523, and the carotid-femoral distance transit distance can be estimated by 0.4614 × L + 1.8335, where L (in mm) is nose-to-rump length. Second, this novel methodology for aortic PWV measurement was validated with a closer correlation with the invasive measurements than traditional approach in young and old rats. Third, this study provides a simple and reliable method for rat noninvasive aortic PWV measurement.