bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O7D.5 Subjective cognitive decline among us workers aged ≥45 years by occupation, BRFSS, 2015–2016
Authors: Kaur Harpriya , Grosch James 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) is one of the earliest noticeable symptom of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. Some studies have shown that half of older adults with subjective memory complaints go on to develop more severe cognitive decline within 7–18 years. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of SCD among US workers and to identify occupations with a high prevalence of SCD, even after adjustment for common risk factors.MethodsData from the 2015–2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to examine the prevalence of SCD among US workers aged ≥45 years who were currently employed or were employed at some point in the past 12 months. SCD is defined as frequent confusion or memory loss within the previous 12 months. Only states (n=28) that collected data on both industry/occupation and cognitive decline were included in this study.ResultsThe overall prevalence of SCD among US workers aged ≥45 years was 6.2%, and was higher for workers 65 years and older. The prevalence was significantly higher among Veterans (8.3%) compared to non-veterans (5.9%). 29.2% of those with SCD reported that they need assistance with day-to day activities and 35.1% had discussed confusion/memory loss with a healthcare professional. The prevalence of SCD was significantly lower among workers in management, business and financial operations, Healthcare practitioners and technical, and office and administrative support occupations. While workers in building and ground cleaning and maintenance, and personal care and service occupations had elevated prevalence of SCD.ConclusionCognitive decline is an important public health issue affecting older workers and their ability to work. SCD prevalence is much higher among occupations that are less mentally challenging which indicates that interventions to improve or maintain cognitive functioning may help older workers to remain productive and in the workforce.
O7E.4 Estimating economic impact of heat on china’s labor productivity: new evidence from a CGE model
Authors: Cai Wenjia , Zhao Mengzhen , Chen Yidan , Wang Can 
Published: May 2020

High heat exposure and heat-related health impacts is a well-known occupational health hazard. Though recent studies have quantified high heat impacts on labor productivity in occupational group, little is known about the scale of economic impacts of labor productivity losses, resulting in inadequate policy response. Besides, sectors that suffer most from heat, such as agriculture, service and construction, have extensive inter-dependent relationship with other sectors in the economy. Therefore, it is also important to include these indirect impacts, to avoid the underestimation of the economy-wide impacts.Computable general equilibrium (CGE) model can capture direct and indirect economic impact of heat on labor productivity and do the comprehensive analysis. In this study, we used WBGT to estimate future labor productivity changes. Meanwhile we employed a China dynamic CGE model (CHEER) with 2012 as base year in the paper to investigate the economic impacts of heat on labor productivity and to find out the specific sectors’ losses and the whole-economy losses in China. Taking temperature projections (daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature, and daily average temperature) under RCP scenario, population projections (demographic age structure and employment structure) under SSP scenario in China as input and dividing China’s economic sector into 22 sectors in our model, we analyzed 22 sectors’ economic impacts in the long term.Based on these scenarios, our study quantifies the full scope of economic impact of heat on labor productivity and analyze the changes of GDP, specific sectors output and industrial structure in the future. Our study could contribute to the understanding of social cost of carbon in China. A range of measures for different economic sectors were also suggested to reduce future economic loss from heat in China. Future research needs were discussed at the end of the paper.
O8A.1 Estimating the burden of lung cancer due to occupational exposure to radon gas
Authors: Peters Cheryl , Kim Joanne , Song Chaojie , Ge Calvin , Demers Paul 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundRadon is a well-known cause of lung cancer. Our goal was to estimate the prevalence and level of occupational exposure to radon, and to estimate the current lung cancer burden caused by radon exposure in Canadian workplaces.MethodsHighly exposed (i.e. underground) workers were assigned exposure proportions at the national level using CAREX methodology. Exposure for the indoor working population was estimated using province-specific radon measurements from the Canadian federal building survey (n=12 870 samples). The proportion of workers exposed to specific ranges of radon (50–100, 100–150, 150–200, 200–400, 400–800,>800 Bq/m3) were calculated and we assigned the midpoint of the range as the average radon concentration for each exposure group. For the >800 Bq/m3category, the province-specific mean of measurements>800 Bq/m3was assigned. The above exposure assessment was applied to a population model of the historical Canadian labour force and exposures between 1961 and 2001 (the risk exposure period) were considered as contributing to cancer cases in 2011. The BEIR VI exposure-age-concentration model was used to assign relative risks by exposure category. The population attributable fraction was calculated using Levin’s equation.ResultsThere were an estimated 4.4 million indoor workers and 26 000 highly exposed workers exposed to radon during the risk exposure period. Nearly 80% of these workers were exposed below 50 Bq/m3 (half the WHO reference level). Combining the indoor and highly exposed workers, we calculated that 0.80% of lung cancers are attributable to occupational radon exposure; this equates to 188 lung cancer cases per year.ConclusionsOurs was the first study to use a data-driven approach to estimate radon exposure and lung cancer burden for indoor workers. Some of the attributable cases can be prevented by reducing workers’ exposure at workplace.
O8A.3 Mining exposures and lung cancer in contemporary western australian miners
Authors: Sodhi-Berry Nita , Klerk Nicholas de , Franklin Peter , Reid Alison , Fritschi Lin , Musk Bill , Vermeulen Roel , Peters Susan 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesMining is associated with exposures to various lung carcinogens such as diesel engine exhaust (DEE) and respirable crystalline silica (RCS). We aimed to determine if lung cancer incidence was higher in Western Australian (WA) miners than the general population and if risk varied within the cohort according to exposures and work or job types.MethodsExposure data for 1 72 398 miners living and working in WA between 1996 and 2013 was combined with administrative WA cancer and death data until June-2017. Causal Incidence Ratios (CIRs) were calculated for general population comparisons. Hazard Ratios (HRs) were derived from multivariable Cox regression models including sex, only-underground work, ore-type (gold, iron-ore, other metal, non-metal, unknown or multi-ore mines) and quantitative estimates of DEE (measured as elemental carbon) and RCS, after adjusting for ever-smoker status and entry-age. Additional analyses were done after lagging exposures by 15 years.ResultsMean DEE and RCS cumulative exposures were estimated as 0.15 mg/m3-years (std:0.37) and 0.09 mg/m3-years (std:0.18), respectively. Miners had lower lung cancer incidence than the general population (observed=382; expected=538.11; CIR:0.71, 95% CI:0.64–0.78). Within the mining cohort, higher lung cancer risks were observed for: females vs. males (HR:1.44, 95% CI:0.97–2.03); ever-smokers vs. never-smokers (HR:10.1, 95% CI:6.37–16.1); only-underground vs. only-surface miners (HR:1.72, 95% CI:1.02–2.90); only gold vs. multi-ore miners (HR:1.44, 95% CI:1.01–2.05); and only iron ore vs. multi-ore miners (HR:1.47, 95% CI:1.07–2.04). Neither DEE (HR:1.01, 95% CI:0.89–1.14) nor RCS (HR:0.89, 95% CI:0.61–1.3) was significantly associated with incidence. There was no significant difference in estimates after lagging exposures.ConclusionMiners had lower risk of lung cancer than the general population. Workers mining exclusively in underground, iron ore or gold mines had higher lung cancer risks than their peers, as did ever-smokers and females. Low levels of DEE and RCS exposures in WA mines may explain the lack of association between these exposures and lung cancer.
O8B.1 Risk of heat related illness in latino agricultural workers: environmental temperature and activity levels
Authors: Schenker Marc , Mitchell Diane , Armitage Tracey , Tancredi Daniel 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionFarmworkers are at risk of heat related illness (HRI). The main contributors are thought to be environmental temperatures and activity levels, but the association has not been objectively assessed.MethodsCalifornia farmworkers were monitored for one work-shift each in the summers of 2014 and 2015. Interviewers recorded personal and demographic information. Wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) was collected in minute intervals over the shift as were accelerometer activity data from each participant. This data was grouped into physiologically meaningful 15 min increments, with the average used for analysis. Data from the previous 15 min were used to predict current activity. Generalized Additive Modeling was used to determine the form of the association between WBGT and activity level. This information was used to build an appropriate repeated measures model including demographics and work-related attributes.ResultsFinal analyses included 318 Latina/o farmworkers. Only 70 subjects (22%) were a healthy BMI, and 115 subjects (36%) were considered obese (BMI ≥30). None were underweight. The majority of participants were paid hourly (n=233, 73%) as opposed to piece-rate (n=85, 27%). Activity counts averaged 452, or a low intensity activity level. In the final repeat measures model, work activity was inversely associated with WBGT, for every oC increase in WBGT activity decreased by 4.5 counts (95% CI 1.2–7.6) P 0.01. Other independent negative associations with activity were found with age and male gender. An interaction was found between piece-rate workers and gender. Male piece rate workers did not decrease activity levels with WBGT, but females and hourly paid workers did.ConclusionIn general, farmworkers decrease their work activity with increasing environmental heat. Men, especially piece-rate workers are less likely to decrease their activity levels putting them at increased risk of HRI.
O8B.2 Epidemiological descriptions of occupational health effects of climate change
Authors: Lemke Bruno , Kjellstrom Tord 
Published: May 2020

There have been many laboratory studies of the effect of heat on the health of individuals in sport, at work or in the military. However, epidemiological studies are needed to develop impact assessment of climate change. In this presentation we outline the development and use of population-exposure risk functions for different heat effects.The first risk function is for heat discomfort based on the predicted mean vote with 10% population feeling discomfort at WBGT=21C and with 90% affected at 29C.The second population risk function is for heat exhaustion which we derive by using epidemiological data from the US military. 10% of the population is affected by heat exhaustion at WBGT=31C increasing up to 90% of the population affected at a WBGT=38C.The most severe population risk is heat stroke for which we use hospital data to calculate 10% of the population affected by heat stroke at WBGT=41C and 90% of the population at WBGT=44C.These health effects of heat create different durations of ill health, with serious heat stroke causing prolonged periods of dis-ability. Based on climate modelling and our risk functions the number of people affected globally can be calculated. For heat stroke, few persons working in the shade at 300W metabolic rate, will currently suffer from heat levels that can cause heat stroke. By 2085 half a million workers (at 300W) will be exposed to heat levels that cause heat stroke. As for becoming totally exhausted (and unable to work) while working at 300W in the sun, currently that stands at about 124 million worldwide, but in 2085 that number will jump to 835 million.Additional epidemiological studies are utilised to validate these risk estimates at local and national level.
O8C.4 Effective group education for healthy dietary habit using results of a dietary questionnaire in occupational field: an intervention study
Authors: Katagiri Ryoko , Muto Go , Sasaki Satoshi 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionIn Japan, a health promotion education in occupational field is often performed in groups because of the limited number of occupational health workers. When using individual result obtained from a dietary questionnaire, even in a group education, it may be possible to educate individually and may lead to behavioral change of employees effectively.MethodA non-randomized intervention study was conducted in 2016. Group education using the results of ‘Brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ)’ from which information for nutrient intake, food intake and dietary habits can be obtained, were compared with usual group education among selected companies. The dietary questionnaire was used in 3 companies with 269 employees (intervention group) and 2 companies with 111 employees were educated normally (control group). Alteration in stages of behavior change in each person were compared between two groups.ResultAmong employees who had originally thought that their dietary habits are healthy, significantly more people in the intervention group had willingness to change behavior than people in the usual education group (p=0.008), while no significant difference could be found in employees who had originally thought that their dietary habits are unhealthy (p=0.44). Nevertheless, among individuals who originally recognized their diet as unhealthy and had willingness to change behavior, the number of employees who selected ‘could understand the issue of your own dietary habits’ as the reason for changing behavior in intervention group were significantly more than that of control group (33% vs 15%. p=0.02).ConclusionDespite in a group education, BDHQ could show the points to change in dietary habits individually. Although how to motivate employees who are entirely uninterested warrant further investigation, using a dietary questionnaire in health education can be an effective way in occupational field.
O8C.6 Tobacco control and oral cancer screening among public transport bus drivers, conductors and other staff in mumbai, india
Authors: Mishra Gauravi Ashish , Pimple Sharmila , Singal Anil , Kulkarni Vasundhara , Shaikh Heena , Majmudar Parishi 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionTobacco is the single most preventable cause of deaths globally. India is the second largest consumer and third largest producer of tobacco. A plethora of tobacco products are consumed. India has highest number of oral cancer cases globally and bears one fourth of the global burden.With the smoke free public places legislation being implemented since 2nd October 2008, smoking is prohibited on public transport bus premises in India. Tobacco addiction is common among the commuters, drivers, conductors and other staff of the public transport department.The present study was conducted to understand the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding harmful effects of tobacco among the public transport bus staff, to educate them regarding the importance of smoke free legislation and health hazards associated with tobacco use, to support them in tobacco cessation, to conduct oral cancer screening and to assist in the further management.Materials and methodsAround 4000 public transport bus employees in Mumbai were enrolled after explaining the programme and obtaining informed consent. They were interviewed and their KAP regarding tobacco was recorded. The employees were then given detailed health education. They were screened for oral cancers and counseled for tobacco cessation. The screened positive employees were referred for diagnostic evaluation and management.Results4000 public transport bus employees were enrolled. Amongst them 1691 (42.28%) were tobacco users. Smokeless form of tobacco use was dominant, 1561 (92.31%). All 4000 employees participated in oral cancer screening and were enrolled for tobacco cessation counselling. 743 employees were screened positive, 592 complied to referral for diagnostic evaluation and 534 employees were clinically diagnosed with oral pre-cancersConclusionsTobacco use and oral pre-cancers are high among the public transport bus employees in Mumbai. Hence, awareness, oral cavity screening and tobacco cessation counseling should be incorporated within their annual health check-up.
O8D.2 Occupational complexity in relation to late life physical functioning in sweden
Authors: Kåreholt Ingemar , Mattsson Alexander Darin 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundOccupational complexity is a measure of intellectual stimulation at work. Higher occupational complexity has consistently been associated with less cognitive decline, decreased risk of dementia, less psychological distress, and lower mortality. We build on this research by investigating the association between occupational complexity and physical functioning in late life.MethodsTwo linked Swedish nationally representative surveys were used. Midlife health, education, social class, income, and occupational complexity from current/latest occupation was assessed in 1991. Data from 1991 also include retrospective questions about life-time occupations. From this data we created an aggregated score (based on occupational complexity at ages 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 in addition to the first occupation). Trajectories of change in complexity scores were measured using random slope and intercept models. Physical functioning was assessed in 2014 by self-reported mobility limitations and limitations in activities of daily living (ADL).ResultsThe results show an association between latest and aggregated higher occupational complexity and fewer mobility and ADL limitations. Adjusting for midlife health only moderately affected the associations. The associations were reduced to non-significant when adjusted for education, social class, and income. Trajectories of occupational complexity were only marginally, or not at all, associated with physical functioning in late life.DiscussionOccupational complexity was associated with physical functioning; however, the association could be entirely attributed to socioeconomic position. The initially observed associations between occupational complexity and physical functioning in late life appear to be explained by the same pathways as socioeconomic position. The combined associations between occupational complexity and socioeconomic position on one hand and physical functioning on the other hand need to be further analyzed.
O8D.3 The effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation on work participation: a propensity score matched analysis using nationwide register data
Authors: Leinonen Taina , Viikari-Juntura Eira , Husgafvel-Pursiainen Kirsti , Juvonen-Posti Pirjo , Laaksonen Mikko , Solovieva Svetlana 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionResearch on the effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation has often focused on small and selected groups of rehabilitees, lacked proper controls, or not captured dynamic changes in work participation. Using rich nationwide data on vocational rehabilitees and their matched controls, we examined long-term changes in work participation before and after vocational rehabilitation to assess its effectiveness.MethodsWe used representative Finnish register data to examine 2692 recently employed individuals with histories of musculoskeletal- and mental-related work disability who started vocational rehabilitation in 2008–2010 at age 30–55 (intervention group), and 2692 propensity score matched non-rehabilitees who otherwise met the same criteria (control group). Matching was performed based on sociodemographic and work-related factors, work disability diagnosis, and three-year labour market history. We used generalised estimation equations to examine differences in the proportion of time spent at work between periods of three years before and three years after rehabilitation among the intervention and control group and the difference in these differences (DID).ResultsAmong those with 105+days of work disability in the preceding three-year period, vocational rehabilitation resulted in significant percentage point gains in work participation, with the total DID across the disease groups and genders being 9.2 (95% confidence interval 7.3–11.1). The gains tended to actualise immediately after rehabilitation. No gains were observed among those with shorter preceding work disability.ConclusionsVocational rehabilitation after musculoskeletal- and mental-related work disability showed only shorter-term effectiveness on work participation and only among those with longer work disability histories. The effectiveness of alternative and complementary interventions to vocational rehabilitation should be investigated.
O8D.5 Physical activity as a moderator of effort-reward imbalance over time – results of the german lida-cohort study
Authors: Prel Jean-Baptist du , Borchart Daniela 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundWork-related stress is widespread in modern societies and an important risk factor for common health impairments. The model of effort-reward imbalance (=ERI), one of the best-investigated occupational stress models, is associated with musculoskeletal and coronary heart diseases as well as depressive disorders. A common assumption is that physical activity (PA) antagonizes the harmful effects of distress on health. Yet, the evidence of the effect of PA on work-related stress, especially on ERI, is limited so far. The aim of this investigation was to analyze the effect of PA on ERI over time.MethodsWork-related stress was measured by ERI and physical activity by a single question asking for the weekly frequency of physical activity leading to sweating or getting out of breath over two study waves (t1, t2). Multiple linear regression analysis adjusting for sociodemographic factors (age, sex, education) was performed including interaction testing.ResultsWork-related stress at t1 was a significant predictor for work-related stress at t2. Physical activity at t2 - itself not significantly associated with work-related stress - had a significant moderating effect on work-related stress over two study waves. The higher the frequency of PA was, the lower the stress level at t2 in comparison to t1. This interaction of physical activity with ERI was also observable after adjustment for sociodemographic factors.DiscussionWe found a moderating effect of physical activity on ERI over time in agreement with former studies using other measures of work-related stress. A dose-response relationship of physical activity and ERI over two study waves was observable in our study. Regarding the detrimental effect of chronical stress on health, PA might be beneficial by mitigating the health hazards of ERI and their long-term consequences (e.g., loss of work force). Longitudinal studies over more than two waves have to prove our findings.