bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of Cyanobacteria and microcystins in hydroelectric reservoirs used for fish farming
Authors: Falcone-Dias Maria Fernanda , Rodrigues Marianna Vaz , Nielsen Jeppe Lund , de Jonge Nadieh , Jørgensen Niels O. G. , Alonso Diego Peres , David Gianmarco S. , da Silva Reinaldo José , Araújo Júnior João Pessoa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fish farming can have a negative impact on water quality and aquatic organisms due to emerging blooms of Cyanobacteria and the production of cyanotoxins. In this study, the effect of aquaculture in hydroelectric reservoirs in Brazil was evaluated in six fish farms and in upstream and downstream water through analysis of the microbiome, Cyanobacteria and microcystin concentrations. Synechococcus and Microcystis were observed at all six locations, while Limnothrix was also observed abundantly at two locations. An increase in the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria inside the fish farms was observed at two locations, while an increase of Cyanobacteria was observed in downstream at five of the six locations. Microcystins were detected in significant and high values in all locations, with concentrations up to 1.59 μg/L. The trend in microcystin concentrations was mirrored in copy numbers of the mcyE gene (encodes microcystin synthetase) and presence of Microcystis, but not in any of the other observed cyanobacterial groups. In summary, the study shows that aquaculture production influenced the water microbiome inside and downstream the fish farms, and a direct correlation was found between mcyE gene copies, microcystin production and abundance of Microcystis, but not for the total abundance of Cyanobacteria.
Contributions to groundwater from National Forest lands in the Mississippi Embayment: a century-long simulation
Authors: Ouyang Ying , Leininger Theodor D. , Panda Sudhanshu S. , Zipperer Wayne C. , Stroope Timothy L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Very little effort has been devoted to analyzing the contributions of National Forests to groundwater resources in the USA and around the world. In this study, the US Geological Survey's MERAS (Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study) model was used in the ModelMuse simulating system to estimate more than a century of subsurface hydrologic processes, groundwater budgets, and spatial-temporal groundwater level distributions in three forests in Mississippi, USA. The results showed that groundwater recharge and stream leakage are important for groundwater storage in this region. All three forests served as groundwater sinks at times and sources at others, but the volume changes were relatively small. Groundwater levels declined over the simulation period – 1900 to 2014 – beneath all three forests, especially around the DNF (Delta National Forest) where groundwater abstraction is relatively intense. Knowledge gained from long-term hydrologic simulations and water budgets is useful when managing forest land groundwater resources.
Multistage iterative fully automatic partitioning in water distribution systems
Authors: Mu Tianwei , Ye Yixuan , Tan Haoqiang , Zheng Chengzhi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a novel method using a clustering, detection, and optimization model to devise a solution of fully automatic partitioning in a water distribution system (WDS). First, the Black Hole Clustering Algorithm is employed to divide the WDS into different partitions. Second, two types of outliers are eliminated by multistage iterative processes including traverse, k-Nearest neighbor, and the Warshall algorithm. Finally, the boundary conditions of the partitions are optimized by a Non-dominated Sorting Porcellio Scaber Algorithm to minimize the number of boundary pipes required to balance pressures and reduce leakages. Seven WDSs are employed as case studies to verify the practicability of the method. The Open Water Analytics toolbox is applied to code the hydraulic calculation program. The result demonstrates that average pressure and leakage cost decreases after optimization.
A water quality index for the removal requirement and purification treatment effort of micropollutants
Authors: Pronk T. E. , Hofman-Caris R. C. H. M. , Vries D. , Kools S. A. E. , ter Laak T. L. , Stroomberg G. J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) states that measures should be taken to improve the quality of water bodies to prevent further required extension of current (drinking) water treatment. Hence, for water managers it is of key importance to evaluate and report on the quality of water and the level of purification treatment that is required. For this purpose a novel framework of indices is defined, and their definition allows the inclusion of new, emerging substances. The indices can be calculated based on micropollutant characteristics alone and do not require any knowledge of specific purification treatment installations. Applying this framework of indices to water bodies provides an objective and reproducible way of evaluating the required purification treatment level. The indices were calculated for water quality data for up to 600 micropollutants from five sampling locations along the river Rhine in the Netherlands. This revealed differences between the sampling sites (index values ranged from 145 to 273) and showed that for the river Rhine the required purification treatment level, as well as the underlying removal requirement and purification treatment effort, have not improved over the years, despite the introduction of the WFD in 2000.
River water intrusion as a source of inflow into the sanitary sewer system
Authors: Guo Shuai , Shi Xiang , Luo Xujia , Yang Haoming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Previous studies on the extraneous water problem (or infiltration/inflow) in sanitary sewer systems assumed that the wastewater flow is mainly composed of foul sewage (FS), groundwater infiltration (GWI) and rainfall-derived inflow and infiltration (RDII). Most existing assessment methods are based on this assumption. In 2018, China initiated the ‘Protection of the Yangtze River Program’, and the two-year research data showed that it was neither the GWI nor the RDII but the direct surface water intrusion (DSWI), which has rarely been reported in literatures, that serves as the main source of the extraneous water in many local sewer systems. The discovery has enriched the understanding of the extraneous water in sewer systems. Meanwhile, it brings new challenges for the assessment of extraneous water. In this study, starting from the analysis of the low influent concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wastewater treatment plant in a southeastern city in China, a river water intrusion point was successfully localized and the volume of river water intrusion was quantified by a series of field experiments. The methodology used in this study can also be applied in other areas with DSWI.
Elevated Serum Homocysteine Associated with Distal Type of Single Small Subcortical Infarction
Authors: Liu Conghui , Gao Yuan , Song Bo , Wang Yunchao , Pei Lulu , Li Sangsang , Xu Yuming , li Yusheng 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
The aim of this investigation was to examine the association between the serum
homocysteine (Hcy) level and the distal single small subcortical infarction (dSSSI).

Methods:
Consecutive patients were prospectively recruited in a registered hospital-based ischemic
stroke database. Baseline characteristics and risk factors of single small subcortical infarction
(SSSI), including the serum Hcy level, were assessed. The SSSI located in the lenticulostriate artery
(LSA) territory was divided into proximal single small subcortical infarction (pSSSI) and dSSSI
based on a standard template on axial diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The association between
the serum Hcy level and dSSSI was analysed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:
Out of 3,247 patients, a total of 572 patients were included in the final analysis. We found
that dSSSI had a higher serum Hcy level than pSSSI. Elevated Hcy level was independently correlated
with dSSSI. Compared with the lowest quartile, the upper quartiles of Hcy level were independently
associated with dSSSI, the odds ratio for the second quartile was 1.748 (95%CI 1.019 to
3.000), 1.824 (95% CI 1.060 to 3.140) for the third quartile, and 2.010 (95% CI 1.155 to 3.497) for
the fourth quartile. The restricted cubic spline showed that the higher level of Hcy, the greater risk of
developing dSSSI.

Conclusion:
The dSSSI shows higher serum Hcy level than pSSSI. Elevated serum Hcy is more
closely related to dSSSI. In the future, the effectiveness of Hcy-lowering therapy for dSSSI needs to
be explored by further clinical studies.
Bacterial Biotransformation and Anticancer Activities of Betulin against A549, HepG2 and 5RP7 Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Kıran İsmail , Çiftçi Gülşen A. , Eklioğlu Özlem A. , Akkaya Şaziye G.K. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
A pentacyclic lupenane-type natural triterpenoid, betulin, has attracted attention in the
field of medicinal chemistry since it exhibited a variety of biological activities, including anticancer activity.

Objective:
The aim of this present work was to obtain derivatives of betulin through bacterial biotransformation
and investigate its anticancer activity against A549, HepG2 and 5RP7 cancer cell lines.

Methods:
Bacterial biotransformation studies were continued in an MBH broth medium for 7 days at 35oC.
Anticancer activities of betulin against A549, HepG2 and 5RP7 cell lines were carried out using XTT assay, and
their selectivity was determined using a healthy cell line of NIH/3T3. Cell proliferation ELISA, BRDU
(colorimetric) assay was used for measuring proliferation in replicative cells in which DNA synthesis occurs.
Flow cytometric analysis was used for measuring apoptotic cell percentages, caspase 3 activation and
mitochondrial membrane potential.

Results:
Bacterial biotransformation studies with 7 bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Proteus
vulgaris NRRL B-123, Bacillus subtilis NRRL B-4378, Streptomyces griseolus NRRL B-1062, Escherichia coli
ATCC 8739, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 and Bacillus velezensis NRRL B-14580 produced no
metabolite. In in vitro anticancer activity studies, betulin was found to exert anticancer activity against A549,
HepG2 and 5RP7 cell lines with IC50 values of 207.7, 125.0 and 28.3 μg/mL, whereas SI values were found to be
30, 50 and 223, respectively. Early and late apoptotic percentages of betulin were found as 9.6, 12.1 and 85.4%
on A549, HepG2 and 5RP7, respectively, while caspase 3 positive cell percentages were 2.3, 28.7 and 13.3% for
IC50 concentrations. In addition, betulin caused G1 cell cycle arrest (49.5%) on 5RP7 cell line.

Conclusion:
The results have been shown that betulin activities against A549 and HepG2 cell lines were
nonselective and limited its cytotoxic activity against healthy cells, but it is possible to say that it exerted
selective activity against 5RP7 cell (28.33±1.53 μg/mL). Betulin effects on apoptosis were found to be dosedependent,
while its effect on caspase 3 activation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell cycle arrest on
G0/G1 phase was not dependent on doses. Therefore, betulin could be a good candidate for the treatment of H-ras
active cancer types.
Characterization and Anticancer Activities of Green Synthesized CuO Nanoparticles, A Review
Authors: Alizadeh Seyedeh R. , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad A. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Cancer is defined as an abnormal/uncontrolled cell growth that shows rapid cell
division. This disease is annually recognized in more than ten million people. Nanomaterials can be used as new
strategies for cancer therapy. Nanostructured devices have been developed for drug delivery and controlled
release and created novel anticancer chemotherapies. Nanomaterials were taken into consideration because of
their new properties, containing a large specific surface area and high reactivity. Copper Oxide Nanoparticles
(CuONPs) have potential applications in many fields like heterogeneous catalysis, antibacterial, anticancer,
antioxidant, antifungal, antiviral, imaging agents, and drug delivery agents in biomedicine. CuONPs display
different physical properties, such as high-temperature superconductivity, electron correlation effects, and spin
dynamics. NPs can be synthesized using different methods like physical, chemical, and biological methods.

Methods:
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuONPs) have been suggested for its broad usage in biomedical
applications. In this review, we tried to exhibit the results of significant anticancer activity of green synthesized
CuONPs and their characterization by different analytical techniques such as UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, EDAX,
DLS, SEM, and TEM.

Results:
The green method for the synthesis of CuO nanoparticles as eco-friendly, cost-effective, and facile
method is the more effective method. Synthesized CuONPs from this method have an appropriate size and shape.
The Green synthesized CuONPs exhibited high potential against several breast cancer (AMJ-13, MCF-7, and
HBL-100 cell lines), cervical cancer (HeLa), colon cancer (HCT-116), gastric cancer (human adenocarcinoma
AGS cell line), lung cancer (A549), leukemia cancer, and other cancers with the main toxicity approach of
increasing ROS production.

Conclusion:
The present review confirms the importance of green synthesized CuO nanoparticles in medical
science especially cancer therapy that exhibited high activity against different cancer, both in vitro and in vivo.
The main toxicity approach of CuONPs is increasing the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). It needs
to perform more studies about in vivo cancer therapy and following clinical trial testing in the future. We believe
that green synthesized CuO nanoparticles can be used for the improvement of different diseases.
A Bioinformatics Study of the Involved Mechanisms in Relapse and Drug Resistance of Tamoxifen-Treated Breast Cancer
Authors: Keikha Masoud , Barreto George E. , González Janneth , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Breast cancer is currently among the most common causes of mortality in women.
Estrogen and its subsequent signaling pathways play an important role in the occurrence of breast cancer relapse.
Tamoxifen is the most common breast cancer treatment option in ER+ patients, which acts as an adjuvant
endocrinotherapy with X-ray and surgery. This approach is recommended as the first-line treatment and has
increased the survival rate of breast cancer patients and reduced the relapse cases. However, we can observe
resistance to tamoxifen and relapse cases in one-third of patients treated with this drug, which has become a
major concern.

Objective:
The precise mechanisms of relapse and resistance to tamoxifen have not yet been identified and were
explored in this study.

Methods:
Microarray profiles of relapse and relapse-free patients were investigated to explain the processes
leading to relapse and possibly to tamoxifen resistance.

Results:
According to the preliminary analysis, 1460 genes showed increased expression while 1132 genes
showed decreased expression. According to our default for inclusion (-2LogFC≥ + 2), 36 genes had increased
expression (upregulated) while 33 genes had decreased expression (down-regulated).

Conclusion:
It seems that the mechanisms of resistance and relapse are multifactorial, and tumor cells induce
relapse and resistance to tamoxifen through cell proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, extracellular
matrix secretion, pump and membrane changes, and immune evasion.
Effect of Standardized Hydroalcoholic Extract of Saffron Stamen on High Blood Pressure and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Anesthetized Rats
Authors: Mohebbati Reza , Kamkar-Del Yasamin , Shafei Mohammad Naser 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
The stamen is a byproduct of saffron (Crocus sativus) flowers. Herein, its cardiovascular
effects were evaluated on hypertension induced by angiotensin II (AngII) and NG-nitro-Larginine
methyl ester (L-NAME), as well as baroreflex sensitivity (BRS).

Methods:
Rats were randomly divided into 10 groups: 1) control, 2) AngII (50 ng/kg, i.v.), 3) losartan
(10 mg/kg, i.p.) + AngII, 4) L-NAME (10 mg/kg, i.v.), 5) sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (50 mg/kg, i.p.)
+ L-NAME, 6, 7) saffron stamen extract (SS) (100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) + AngII and 8, 9) SS (100 and
200 mg/kg) + L-NAME, and 10) SS (200 mg/kg) + phenylephrine (Phen, i.v.). The treated rats first
received two doses of SS, 30 min after the injection of L-NAME, AngII, and Phen in separate groups.
The cardiovascular parameters were recorded by the PowerLab apparatus via an angiocatheter inserted
into the femoral artery. The maximal changes (Δ) of mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure
(SBP), and heart rate (HR) in the treated groups were compared with those of the hypertensive
and control groups. The changes in MAP and HR induced by Phen were used for BRS evaluation.

Results:
The SS extract did not significantly affect the basal cardiovascular parameters. The injection
of AngII significantly increased the MAP and SBP (P<0.01-P<0.001) with no significant effect on the
HR. The SS extract significantly attenuated the pressor effect induced by AngII (P<0.001). Increased
MAP and SBP induced by L-NAME (P<0.001) were also significantly attenuated by the SS extract
(P<0.01). The effect of SS extract on L-NAME was significantly higher than that of AngII (P<0.05).
Moreover, BRS was significantly improved by the SS extract.

Conclusion:
Our findings provide evidence that the SS extract has anti-hypertensive effects that are
probably mediated by an inhibitory effect on AngII, increasing nitric oxide production, or improving
baroreflex sensitivity.
Sensitivitas antarbudaya mahasiswa di Yogyakarta
Authors: Suyato Suyato 
Published: October 2020

Di dalam masyarakat majemuk atau multikultural seperti Indonesia ini, sensitivitas antarbudaya yang dimiliki warga masyarakat menjadi elemen penting untuk terciptanya kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan bernegara yang damai. Namun demikian, penelitian yang memfokuskan pada sensitivitas antarbudaya belum banyak dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti masalah sensitivitas antarbudaya, khususnya di kalangan mahasiswa. Secara khusus, penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk membandingkan tingkat sensitivitas antarbudaya mahasiswa di tiga program studi yang ada di UNY, UPNV, dan UNRIYO. Penelitian yang menghasilkan luaran berupa tulisan ini merupakan penelitian komparatif, berusaha membandingkan tingkat sensitivitas antarbudaya mahasiswa tiga program studi (Keperawatan, PKn, dan Teknik Perminyakan). Responden penelitian ini sebanyak 90 mahasiswa yang dipilih secara acak dari tiga program studi tersebut (Keperawatan: 30; PKn: 30; dan Teknik Perminyakan: 30). Metode pengumpulan data adalah dengan penyebaran angket. Data dianalisis secara statistik baik secara deskriptif maupun komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan tingkat sensitivitas antarbudaya di antara tiga program studi tersebut. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa dari ketiga program studi tersebut memiliki tingkat sensitivitas antarbudaya yang tinggi, karena berada pada kategori pendukung cultural relativism, bukan cultural egocentrism. ABSTRACTIn a pluralistic or multicultural society like Indonesia, intercultural sensitivity possessed by citizens is an important element for the creation of a peaceful society, nation, and state. However, there has not been much research focusing on intercultural sensitivity. Therefore, researchers are interested in examining the issue of intercultural sensitivity, especially among students. Specifically, this research was intended to compare the level of intercultural sensitivity among students in the three study programs at UNY, UPNV, and UNRIYO. The research report written in this paper is a comparative study, trying to compare the level of sensitivity among students of three study programs (Nursing, Civics, and Petroleum Engineering). The research respondents were 90 students who were randomly selected from the three study programs (Nursing: 30; Civics: 30; and Petroleum Engineering: 30). The method of collecting data is by distributing questionnaires. Data were analyzed statistically both descriptively and comparatively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the level of intercultural sensitivity among the three study programs. Thus, it can be concluded that students from the three study programs have a high level of intercultural sensitivity, because it is in the category of supporting cultural relativism, not cultural egocentrism.
Relationship Between COVID-19 Information Sources and Attitudes in Battling the Pandemic Among the Malaysian Public: Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Mohamad Emma , Tham Jen Sern , Ayub Suffian Hadi , Hamzah Mohammad Rezal , Hashim Hasrul , Azlan Arina Anis 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThere are multiple media platforms and various resources available for information on COVID-19. Identifying people’s preferences is key to building public confidence and planning for successful national health intervention strategies.ObjectiveThis study examines the sources of information for COVID-19 used by the Malaysian public and identifies those that are associated with building public confidence and positive perceptions toward the Malaysian government.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey of 4850 Malaysian residents was conducted. Participant demographics, media use, information sources, and attitudes surrounding COVID-19 were assessed. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to gauge the relationship between demographics, information sources, and attitudes toward COVID-19.ResultsMalaysians primarily used television and internet news portals to access information on COVID-19. The Malaysian Ministry of Health was the most preferred source of COVID-19 information. Respondents who referred to the Ministry of Health, television, and the Malaysian National Security Council for information were more likely to believe that the country could win the battle against COVID-19 and that the government was handling the health crisis well compared to those who referred to other information sources. Those who used the World Health Organization, friends, YouTube, family, and radio as sources of information were less likely to harbor confidence and positive belief toward combating COVID-19.ConclusionsManaging information and sustaining public confidence is important during a pandemic. Health authorities should pay considerable attention to the use of appropriate media channels and sources to allow for more effective dissemination of critical information to the public.