bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separating Growth from Nucleation for Facile Control over the Size and Shape of Palladium Nanocrystals
Authors: Janssen Annemieke , Shi Yifeng , Xia Younan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn order to maximize the performance of nanocrystals in a specific application, it is necessary to control both their size and shape. Here we report a one‐pot protocol that allows us to separate growth from nucleation for achieving better control over the size and shape of Pd nanocrystals. The two processes are temporally separated from each other, although the synthesis is carried out in the same reaction container. Size control is achieved by simply varying the ratio between the amounts of precursor allocated to the growth and nucleation processes. With the involvement of seeds at a fixed number, increasing the amount of precursor for growth leads to increasingly larger nanocrystals. Shape control is made possible by varying the capping agent, with bromide leading to a cubic shape and citrate inducing the formation of an octahedral shape. The synthesis can also be scaled up by at least tenfold without compromising the quality.
Fluorescent‐Labeled Octasilsesquioxane Nanohybrids as Potential Materials for Latent Fingerprinting Detection
Authors: Dare Enock O. , Vendrell‐Criado Victoria , Consuelo Jiménez M. , Pérez‐Ruiz Raúl , Díaz Díaz David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe recent demand for fluorescent‐labeled materials (FLMs) in forensic security concepts such as latent fingerprints (LFs) that encode information for anti‐counterfeiting and encryption of confidential data makes necessary the development of building new and innovative materials. Here, novel FLMs based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) functionalized with fluorophores via “click” reactions have been successfully synthesized and fully characterized. A comprehensive study of their photophysical properties has displayed large Stokes's shift together with good photostability in all cases, fulfilling the fundamental requisites for any legible LF detection on various surfaces. The excellent performance of the hetero‐bifunctional FLM in the visualization of LF is emphasized by their legibility, selectivity, sensitivity and temporal photostability. In this study, development mechanisms have been proposed and the overall concept constitute a novel approach for vis‐à‐vis forensic investigations to trace an individual's identity.
Catalytic Activity of Alkali Metal Cations for the Chemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction in a Biphasic Liquid System Probed by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Rastgar Shokoufeh , Teixeira Santos Keyla , Angelucci Camilo Andrea , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChemical reduction of dioxygen in organic solvents for the production of reactive oxygen species or the concomitant oxidation of organic substrates can be enhanced by the separation of products and educts in biphasic liquid systems. Here, the coupled electron and ion transfer processes is studied as well as reagent fluxes across the liquid|liquid interface for the chemical reduction of dioxygen by decamethylferrocene (DMFc) in a dichloroethane‐based organic electrolyte forming an interface with an aqueous electrolyte containing alkali metal ions. This interface is stabilized at the orifice of a pipette, across which a Galvani potential difference is externally applied and precisely adjusted to enforce the transfer of different alkali metal ions from the aqueous to the organic electrolyte. The oxygen reduction is followed by H2O2 detection in the aqueous phase close to the interface by a microelectrode of a scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM). The results prove a strong catalytic effect of hydrated alkali metal ions on the formation rate of H2O2, which varies systematically with the acidity of the transferred alkali metal ions in the organic phase.
Reduced order methods for parametric optimal flow control in coronary bypass grafts, toward patient‐specific data assimilation
Authors: Zainib Zakia , Ballarin Francesco , Fremes Stephen , Triverio Piero , Jiménez‐Juan Laura , Rozza Gianluigi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) surgery is an invasive procedure performed to circumvent partial or complete blood flow blockage in coronary artery disease. In this work, we apply a numerical optimal flow control model to patient‐specific geometries of CABG, reconstructed from clinical images of real‐life surgical cases, in parameterized settings. The aim of these applications is to match known physiological data with numerical hemodynamics corresponding to different scenarios, arisen by tuning some parameters. Such applications are an initial step toward matching patient‐specific physiological data in patient‐specific vascular geometries as best as possible. Two critical challenges that reportedly arise in such problems are: (a) lack of robust quantification of meaningful boundary conditions required to match known data as best as possible and (b) high computational cost. In this work, we utilize unknown control variables in the optimal flow control problems to take care of the first challenge. Moreover, to address the second challenge, we propose a time‐efficient and reliable computational environment for such parameterized problems by projecting them onto a low‐dimensional solution manifold through proper orthogonal decomposition‐Galerkin.
File integrity monitoring tools: Issues, challenges, and solutions
Authors: Peddoju Suresh K. , Upadhyay Himanshu , Lagos Leonel 
Published: May 2020

SummaryEnsuring integrity of sensitive files in file systems is imperative to computer systems. The vast majority of attacks work through unapproved or unauthorized access to sensitive files to take secret data like secret keys, passwords, credit card numbers, and so on. After that, attackers generally conceal their traces by subverting critical files like system logs. File system integrity monitoring is a well‐known way to deal with ensuring integrity of sensitive and critical files. The file system is at the heart of any computing system as it stores the data and executable programs. Malicious users or malwares might change the content of a sensitive data file or insert malicious payload in an executable. Hence, monitoring the integrity of the files in the file system is of utmost importance. Significant research work has been done on file integrity monitoring tools. This article presents the currently available tools for file integrity monitoring and their underlying approaches.
Towards unobtrusive patient‐centric access‐control for Health Information System
Authors: de Carvalho Junior Marcelo Antonio , Bandiera‐Paiva Paulo 
Published: May 2020

SummaryPatient consent is currently a missing piece on Health Information Systems (HIS) access permission. The control is needed to ensure personal data as the property of the individual, not data controllers or health‐care service providers. This is a newly‐designed access‐decision flow for HIS secured by Role‐Based Access Control (RBAC) including patient‐centric control. It makes use of Colored Petri‐Nets (CPN) to model RBAC restrictions. A Discretionary Access Control (DAC) functionality is added to Electronic Health‐Records (EHR) control to convey a patient's explicit authorization to their data in a non‐obstructive access flow. Mutual exclusion was designed to incorporate patient needs so that they could authorize healthcare professionals to access EHR data. Additional information was supplied to a PERMS Access Control matrix and this enabled DAC to be mimicked using existing RBAC Core functions. A minimal addition is proposed to incorporate RBAC‐aware systems with no significant drawbacks when compared with previous CPN simulations. The article also discusses the limitations of this technique and the favorable conditions for implementing new features.
Photocatalytic Synthesis of Stilbenes via Cross‐Coupling of Alkenyl Boronic Acids and Arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborate Salts
Authors: Meyer Tim , Xu Jian‐Xing , Rabeah Jabor , Brückner Angelika , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this article, we describe the development of a new method for the photocatalytic synthesis of (E)‐stilbenes by the coupling of alkenyl boronic acids and aryldiazonium salts. In our operatively simple and metal‐free system, visible light is used as an energy source and a “green” mixture of water and ethanol is used as solvent. A mechanistic explanation is presented which is supported by several control experiments. The reaction proceeds via a radical pathway, from both the diazonium salt and boronic acid in the presence of visible light.
Transition‐Metal Phosphorus Trisulfides and its Vacancy Defects: Emergence of a New Class of Anode Material for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jana Rajkumar , Chowdhury Chandra , Datta Ayan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the search of suitable anode candidates with high specific capacity, favorable potential, and structural stability for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), transition‐metal phosphorus trisulfides (TMPS3) can be considered as one of the most promising alternatives to commercial graphite. Here, it was demonstrated that the limitations of commercial anode materials (i.e., low specific capacity, large volume change, and high lithium diffusion barrier as well as nucleation) can be circumvented by using TMPS3 monolayer surfaces. The study revealed that lithium binds strongly to TMPS3 monolayers (−2.31 eV) without any distortion of the surface, with Li@TMPS3 exhibiting enhanced stability compared with other 2D analogues (graphene, phosphorene, MXenes, transition‐metal sulfides and phosphides). The binding energy of lithium was overwhelmingly enhanced with vacancy defects. The vacancy‐mediated TMPS3 surfaces showed further amplification of Li binding energy from −2.03 to −2.32 eV and theoretical specific capacity of 441.65 to 484.34 mAh g−1 for MnPS3 surface. Most importantly, minimal change in volume (less than 2 %) after lithiation makes TMPS3 monolayers a very effective candidate for LIBs. Additionally, the ultralow lithium diffusion barrier (0.08 eV) compared with other existing commercial anode material proves the superiority of TMPS3.
Dietary complexity and hidden costs of prey switching in a generalist top predator
Authors: Moorhouse‐Gann Rosemary J. , Kean Eleanor F. , Parry Gareth , Valladares Sonia , Chadwick Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVariation in predator diet is a critical aspect of food web stability, health, and population dynamics of predator/ prey communities. Quantifying diet, particularly among cryptic species, is extremely challenging, however, and differentiation between demographic subsets of populations is often overlooked.We used prey remains and data takenpostmortemfrom otterLutra lutrato determine the extent to which dietary variation in a top predator was associated with biotic, spatial, and temporal factors.Biotic data (e.g., sex, weight, and length) and stomach contents were taken from 610 otters found dead across England and Wales between 1994 and 2010. Prey remains were identified to species where possible, using published keys and reference materials. Multi‐model inference followed by model prediction was applied to test for and visualize the nature of associations.Evidence for widespread decline in the consumption of eels (Anguilla anguilla) reflected known eel population declines. An association between eel consumption and otter body condition suggested negative consequences for otter nutrition. Consumption ofCottus gobioand stickleback spp. increased, but was unlikely to compensate (there was no association with body condition). More otters with empty stomachs were found over time. Otter sex, body length, and age‐class were important biotic predictors of the prey species found, and season, region, and distance from the coast were important abiotic predictors.Our study is unique in its multivariate nature, broad spatial scale, and long‐term dataset. Inclusion of biotic data allowed us to reveal important differences in costs and benefits of different prey types, and differences between demographic subsets of the population, overlaid on spatial and temporal variation. Such complexities in otter diet are likely to be paralleled in other predators, and detailed characterization of diet should not be overlooked in efforts to conserve wild populations.
Low‐voltage charge pump circuit with double boost technique
Authors: Uemi Allex , Hino Shota , Masui Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn recent years, interest in IoT (Internet of Things) has been increasing, and energy harvesting has attracted attention. However, the power and voltage that can be harvested are very small. Therefore, a power supply circuit is required to solve this problem. In this paper, we have realized a boost circuit that does not require a coil with the aim of integrating all the circuits required for sensing on one chip.
Loss of core fucosylation enhances the anticancer activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by increasing PD‐1 degradation
Authors: Zhang Nianzhu , Li Ming , Xu Xing , Zhang Yingshu , Liu Yancheng , Zhao Meng , Li Peng , Chen Jun , Fukuda Tomohiko , Gu Jianguo , Jin Xun , Li Wenzhe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs an immune checkpoint, programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) and its ligand (PD‐L1) pathway plays a crucial role in CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activation and provides antitumor responses. The N‐glycans of PD‐1 and PD‐L1 are highly core fucosylated, which are solely catalyzed by the core fucosyltransferase (Fut8). However, the precise biological mechanisms underlying effects of core fucosylation of PD‐1 and PD‐L1 on CTL activation have not been fully understood. In this study, we found that core fucosylation was significantly upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma. Compared to those of Fut8+/+OT‐I mice, the lung adenocarcinoma formation induced by urethane was markedly reduced in Fut8−/−OT‐I mice. De‐core fucosylation of PD‐1 compromised its expression on Fut8−/− CTL, resulted in enhanced Fut8−/− CTL activation and cytotoxicity, leading to more efficient tumor eradication. Indeed, loss of core fucosylation significantly enhanced the PD‐1 ubiquitination and in turn led to the degradation of PD‐1 in the proteasome. Our current work indicates that inhibition of core fucosylation is a unique strategy to reduce PD‐1 expression for the antilung adenocarcinoma immune therapy in the future.
New Electrochemical Sensor of Prolonged Application for Metformin Determination Based on Hydrated Ruthenium Dioxide‐Carbon Black‐Nafion Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Górska Anna , Paczosa‐Bator Beata , Wyrwa Jan , Piech Robert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMetformin (MET) is an antidiabetic drug most commonly used in treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D). Adsorptive stripping voltammetric method using carbon black – hydrated ruthenium dioxide – Nafion modified glassy carbon electrode (CB‐RuO2‐Nafion GC electrode) have been developed for metformin determination in pharmaceutical formulations. By using ruthenium dioxide, electrode's lifespan was extended to at least 3 weeks (change of metrological parameters estimated as 3–4 %) what is an excellent result concerning other solutions previously described in the literature. Moreover the fabrication of the sensor is simple and fast. Deposition step was carried out at the potential 0 mV for 15 s. The best results were obtained in 0.05 M acetate buffer (pH 4.6). Important aspect was fixed MET : Cu(II) ratio equal to 1 : 8, otherwise linear dependence between register current and MET concentration could not be obtained. In addition, a significant improvement in the parameters of the calibration curve was obtained. Limit of detection was equal to 0.7 μM. Developed method was successfully applied in analysis of 2 pharmaceuticals products and in wastewater and river water. Accuracy of the method was estimated using recoveries, which were in the range 101–110 %. In order to adapt developed system into hydrodynamic conditions, amperometry in hydrodynamic transport conditions and flow injection analysis (FIA) measurements have been conducted. Conducted FIA measurements prove that developed method has potential for application in automized flow systems without frequent calibration.
Determination of Ethanol in Alcoholic Drinks: Flow Injection Analysis with Amperometric Detection Versus Portable Raman Spectrometer
Authors: Jashari Granit , Švancara Ivan , Sýs Milan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA flow injection analysis with integrated amperometric alcohol dehydrogenase biosensor and a handheld Mira‐DS Raman spectrometer have been compared for the determination of ethanol in different samples of alcoholic drinks. The biosensor was constructed from the commercial screen‐printed carbon electrode as amperometric transducer and covered by a thin layer comprising alcohol dehydrogenase, reduced single‐layer graphene oxide, rhodium(IV) dioxide, and glutaraldehyde. Both assemblies were tested on analysis of plum brandy, white rum, vodka, white and red wines, strong dark beer, and non‐alcoholic beer. The two principally different analytical methods were critically compared and some limitations found, especially in case of analysis of red wine and beers. Finally, some future improvements of both analytical tools under test outlined.
The efficacy of edible film from Konjac glucomannan and saffron petal extract to improve shelf life of fresh‐cut cucumber
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Jafarpour Dornoush 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe efficacy of saffron petal extract (SPE; 1%–4%) incorporated into Konjac glucomannan (KGM) edible films on the quality and shelf life of fresh‐cut cucumbers was evaluated. Changes in chemical, physical, and microbial properties, antioxidant activity, and total soluble phenolic contents of sliced cucumbers during storage at 4°C for 5 days were investigated. Results showed that the addition of SPE markedly reduced the water vapor permeability features of produced films, whereas the moisture content and transparency of them increased (p < .05). All the formulated films containing 1%–4% of SPE exhibited significant antimicrobial properties against the examined pathogens (Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella Typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus) both in vitro and in vivo conditions. KGM films incorporated SPE were successful in reducing mesophilic bacteria and fungi populations so that the microbial load significantly decreased as the concentrations of SPE increased and KGM + 4% of SPE was considered as the most effective treatment in decreasing the microbial content of sliced cucumbers. Total soluble solids of the treated cucumbers were significantly increased at the end of the storage in refrigerator, compared to the control sample. Moreover, antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) and total soluble phenols in treated fruit increased with storage time, while these parameters decreased with increasing concentrations of SPE incorporated into KGM film. So according to the findings, the introduced film with KGM and SPE could be considered as an edible film and be applied to preserve the fruit and vegetables quality and extend the shelf life of sliced cucumbers.
The impact of employees' resistance to change on implementing e‐government systems: An empirical study in Egypt
Authors: Elgohary Esam , Abdelazyz Reham 
Published: May 2020

AbstractElectronic government (e‐government) implementation has played a key role in developing government business processes in order to improve efficiency in data processing, as well as achieving transparency and accuracy. However, although there are benefits of e‐government implementation, there is the problem of employees' resistance to change, as people tend to resist any kind of new system.This research was conducted for the purpose of examining the effect of employees' resistance to change including resistance to modern technology, fear of loss of control, feelings of insecurity, fear of inability to implement change, and fear of workload increasing, on implementing an e‐government system represented in performance dimensions (efficiency and effectiveness) in Egypt.This paper reflects the lack of research into resistance to change in the specific context of e‐government implementation in Egypt. We surveyed 400 respondents in several public organizations in Egypt to investigate the impact of such resistance, in order to determine which behaviors can affect any of the implemented e‐government dimensions. The study also determines the differences between employees' responses to implementing the new system depending on variables such as gender, age, educational level, job position, and level of experience. The results reveal that fear of loss of control and fear of workload increasing affect all dependent variables significantly, while feelings of insecurity does not affect efficiency significantly. Resistance to modern technology and a fear of inability to implement change do not have significant effects on the dependent variables.
P53 and H3K4me2 activate N6‐methylated LncPGCAT‐1 to regulate primordial germ cell formation via MAPK signaling
Authors: Zuo Qisheng , Jin Jing , Jin Kai , Zhou Jing , Sun Changhua , Song Jiuzhou , Chen Guohong , Zhang Yani , Li Bichun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the formation of primordial germ cells (PGCs); however, the identity of the key lncRNAs and the molecular mechanisms responsible for the formation of PGCs remain unknown. Here, we identify a key candidate lncRNA (lncRNA PGC transcript‐1, LncPGCAT‐1) via RNA sequencing of embryonic stem cells, PGCs, and Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Functional experiments confirmed that LncPGCAT‐1 positively regulated the formation of PGCs by elevating the expression of Cvh and C‐kit while downregulating the pluripotency(Nanog) in vitro and in vivo; PAS staining of genital ridges in vivo also showed that interference with LncPGCAT‐1 can significantly reduce the number of PGCs in genital ridges, while overexpression of LncPGCAT‐1 had the opposite result. The result of luciferase reporter assay combined with CHIP‐qPCR showed that the expression of LncPGCAT‐1 was promoted by the transcription factor P53 and high levels of H3K4me2. Mechanistically, the luciferase reporter assay confirmed that mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) was the target gene of LncPGCAT‐1 and gga‐mir‐1591. In the ceRNA system, high levels of N6 methylation of LncPGCAT‐1 enhanced the adsorption capacity of LncPGCAT‐1 for gga‐mir‐1591. Adsorption of gga‐mir‐1591 activated the MAPK1/ERK signaling cascade by relieving the gga‐mir‐1591‐dependent inhibition of MAPK1 expression. Moreover, LncPGCAT‐1 interacted with interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 (ILF3) to regulate the ubiquitination of P53 and phosphorylation of JNK. Interaction with ILF3 resulted in positive self‐feedback regulation of LncPGCAT‐1 and activation of JNK signaling, ultimately promoting PGC formation. Altogether, the study expands our knowledge of the function and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in PGC development.