bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization of the 5D supergravity action and Euclidean saddles for the black hole index
Authors: Cassani Davide , Ruipérez Alejandro , Turetta Enrico 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigate equivariant localization of the gravitational on-shell action in odd dimensions, focusing on five-dimensional ungauged supergravity. We analyze the conditions for cancellation of boundary terms, so that the full action integral is given in terms of the odd-dimensional analog of the nuts and bolts of Gibbons-Hawking. We specialize to supersymmetric configurations with an additional U(1) symmetry preserving the supercharge and provide a formula for the localized on-shell action. We construct asymptotically flat Euclidean supersymmetric non-extremal solutions with two independent rotations and an arbitrary number of electric charges, providing black hole saddles of the gravitational path integral that computes a supersymmetric index, and evaluate their action equivariantly. We find that these Euclidean saddles interpolate between supersymmetric extremal black holes and two-center horizonless microstate geometries. The interpolation involves dialing the temperature and implementing different analytic continuations. The corresponding on-shell action does not depend on temperature but is affected by the analytic continuations.
Connecting scalar amplitudes using the positive tropical Grassmannian
Authors: Cachazo Freddy , Umbert Bruno Giménez 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The biadjoint scalar partial amplitude, $$ {m}_n\left(\mathbbm{I},\mathbbm{I}\right) $$

m
n

I
I

, can be expressed as a single integral over the positive tropical Grassmannian thus producing a Global Schwinger Parameterization. The first result in this work is an extension to all partial amplitudes mn(α, β) using a limiting procedure on kinematic invariants that produces indicator functions in the integrand. The same limiting procedure leads to an integral representation of ϕ4 amplitudes where indicator functions turn into Dirac delta functions. Their support decomposes into Cn/2−1 regions, with Cq the qth-Catalan number. The contribution from each region is identified with a mn/2+1(α, $$ \mathbbm{I} $$
I
) amplitude. We provide a combinatorial description of the regions in terms of non-crossing chord diagrams and propose a general formula for ϕ4 amplitudes using the Lagrange inversion construction. We start the exploration of ϕp theories, finding that their regions are encoded in non-crossing (p – 2)-chord diagrams. The structure of the expansion of ϕp amplitudes in terms of ϕ3 amplitudes is the same as that of Green functions in terms of connected Green functions in the planar limit of Φp−1 matrix models. We also discuss possible connections to recent constructions based on Stokes polytopes and accordiohedra.
The temporal alignment of mental health consultations across family members: a study of Norwegian adolescents, their parents, and siblings
Authors: Wörn Jonathan , Balbo Nicoletta , Hank Karsten , Kravdal Øystein 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Mental health problems among adolescents have become more prevalent in recent years. Parents’ and siblings’ mental health might be affected by living with a depressed adolescent. This study examines how the mental health of family members develops in the years before and after an adolescent seeks help for depression.

Methods
Unique Norwegian register data that cover the full population are used to estimate models with individual fixed effects. The development in the probability of mental health consultations for parents and older siblings in families with a second-born adolescent seeking help for depression from a GP for the first time is compared to the respective development in families where the second-born adolescent has not had such health care consultation.

Results
Results indicate that adolescents’ depression consultations are associated with a simultaneous increase in mental health consultations in parents and siblings. Mothers and fathers are affected similarly, although the effect seems to be short-lived. Siblings experience a short-term increase in mental health consultations, in addition to a steeper long-term increase across the observation period, compared to peers in families where the second-born adolescent does not seek help for depression. Events that might affect the mental health of multiple family members simultaneously, specifically parental breakup and unemployment, did not explain the observed patterns.

Conclusion
Help-seeking for mental health problems is temporally aligned across family members. Intra- and intergenerational spillovers might contribute to this.
Children Centered Care: child and parent perspectives on a multi-faceted concept for magnetic resonance imaging without anesthesia – a survey
Authors: Runge Stine Bjerrum , Precht Helle , Jensen Ib Erik , Jensen Kim , Johannesen Tine Abildgaard , Pedersen Malene Roland Vils , Christensen Nicolaj Lyhne 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Anxiety-provoking healthcare procedures require specific child-friendly approaches. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can cause anxiety for children and general anesthesia (GA) is often used. We developed and tested a multi-faceted child-friendly concept, Children Centered Care, for MRI of children without GA.

Objective
To investigate children’s and parents’ individual experiences with the concept using a survey. The main aim was to evaluate comfort for children and sense of security for parents during unsedated MRI.

Materials and methods
In this prospective study of 265 children aged 4–10 years enrolled in 2016 and 2017, the Children Centered Care concept is compared to a standard setup. The concept included an interactive app, trained pediatric radiographers, a children’s lounge with a toy-scanner, and a child-friendly multimedia environment in the scanner room. A 25-item survey was used including a mix of open and closed questions, free text, and a visual analogue scale to evaluate self-reported child comfort.

Results
A total of 154 children were included in the Children Centered Care group and 111 in the standard group. Overall, the mean age was 8.5 years (range 4.0–10.9 years).
With Children Centered Care, child comfort increased (88% vs. 77%), P = 0.02. The app and toy-scanner were popular among children. More parents felt “very much” prepared (80% vs. 57%), P < 0.01, and “very much” secure (92% vs. 79%), P < 0.01.

Conclusion
With the use of a multi-faceted, child-friendly concept, MRI without GA is a feasible first choice for children aged 4–10 years, with high levels of comfort for children and parents.

Graphical Abstract
Anatomical and histological classification of the stellate ganglion: implications for clinical nerve blocks
Authors: Samrid Rarinthorn , King Mona , Pujol Jacie , Reina Miguel Angel , Iwanaga Joe , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The stellate ganglion (SG), or cervicothoracic ganglion, is usually located anterior to the neck of the first rib. Various techniques, such as ultrasonographic imaging and fluoroscopic approaches, are used to assist in the anesthetic blockade of the SG. However, there are reported complications associated with SG block; some patients had medication-related or systemic side effects, and some had procedure-related or local side effects. So, understanding the anatomy of the SG is critical for diagnosis and treatment of nerve block accuracy and to avoid unnecessary nerve damage during surgical procedures. This study aimed to collect data for the gross shape of the SG and histologically investigate these different types.

Methods
The SG from 31 formalin-fixed adult cadavers (59 sides) were studied. The prevalence and shape of the SG were recorded and photographed. Next, the SG for each type was examined histologically.

Results
The SG were classified into four types based on their shape: dumbbell, spindle, star, and inverted L shapes. The frequency of each type was as follows: spindle (47.46%), dumbbell (27.12%), star (23.73%), and L-inverted shapes (1.69%). Each type had a similar number of nerve cell bodies. Interestingly, the inverted-L shaped SG was histologically, discontinuous but grossly fused.

Conclusion
An improved understanding of the SG’s macro and microanatomy can help better understand patient presentations and improve clinical and surgical results in procedures performed near this important neck structure.
Ultra-high-resolution 40 keV virtual monoenergetic imaging using spectral photon-counting CT in high-risk patients for coronary stenoses
Authors: Fahrni Guillaume , Boccalini Sara , Lacombe Hugo , de Oliveira Fabien , Houmeau Angèle , Francart Florie , Villien Marjorie , Rotzinger David C. , Robert Antoine , Douek Philippe , Si-Mohamed Salim A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the image quality of ultra-high-resolution (UHR) virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) at 40 keV compared to 70 keV, using spectral photon-counting CT (SPCCT) and dual-layer dual-energy CT (DECT) for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).

Methods and materials
In this prospective IRB-approved study, 26 high-risk patients were included. CCTA was performed both with an SPCCT in UHR mode and with one of two DECT scanners (iQOn or CT7500) within 3 days. 40 keV and 70 keV VMIs were reconstructed for both modalities. Stenoses, blooming artefacts, and image quality were compared between all four reconstructions.

Results
Twenty-six patients (4 women [15%]) and 28 coronary stenoses (mean stenosis of 56% ± 16%) were included. 40 keV SPCCT gave an overall higher quality score (5 [5, 5]) than 70 keV SPCCT (5 [4, 5], 40 keV DECT (4 [3, 4]) and 70 keV SPCCT (4 [4, 5]), p < 0.001). Less variability in stenosis measurement was found with SPCCT between 40 keV and 70 keV (bias: −1% ± 3%, LoA: 6%) compared with DECT (−6% ± 8%, LoA 16%). 40 keV SPCCT vs 40 keV DECT showed a −3% ± 6% bias, whereas 40 keV SPCCT vs 70 keV DECT showed a −8% ± 6% bias. From 70 keV to 40 keV, blooming artefacts did not increase with SPCCT (mean +2% ± 5%, p = 0.136) whereas they increased with DECT (mean +7% ± 6%, p = 0.005).

Conclusion
UHR 40 keV SPCCT VMIs outperformed 40 keV and 70 keV DECT VMIs for assessing coronary artery stenoses, with no impairment compared to 70 keV SPCCT VMIs.

Key Points
QuestionUse of low virtual mono-energetic images at 40 keV using spectral dual-energy and photon-counting CT systems is not yet established for diagnosing coronary artery stenosis.
FindingsUHR 40 keV SPCCT enhances diagnostic accuracy in coronary artery assessment.
Clinical relevanceBy combining spectral sensitivity with lower virtual mono-energetic imaging and ultra-high spatial resolution, SPCCT enhances coronary artery assessment, potentially leading to more accurate diagnoses and better patient outcomes in cardiovascular imaging.
Diagnostic and prognostic utility of bone morphogenetic protein 10 in acute dyspnea: a cohort study
Authors: Simonavicius Justas , Wussler Desiree , Belkin Maria , Luening Karoline , Lopez-Ayala Pedro , Strebel Ivo , Shrestha Samyut , Nowak Albina , Michou Eleni , Papachristou Androniki , Popescu Codruta , Kozhuharov Nikola , Sabti Zaid , Reiffer Zora , Hennings Elisa , Zimmermann Tobias , Diebold Matthias , Breidthardt Tobias , Mueller Christian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background and aim
The possible clinical utility of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 10 (BMP10), a novel atrial-specific biomarker, is incompletely understood. We aimed to test the hypothesis that BMP10 has high diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in patients presenting with acute dyspnea.

Methods and results
In a multicenter diagnostic study, BMP10, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations were determined in patients presenting with acute dyspnea to the emergency department. The final diagnosis was centrally adjudicated by two independent cardiologists blinded to BMP10. Diagnostic accuracy for acute heart failure (AHF) was quantified using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). 720-day all-cause mortality and the composite of all-cause mortality or AHF rehospitalization were prognostic endpoints. Among 933 consecutive patients, 54% were adjudicated to have AHF. Patients with AHF had higher BMP10 concentrations (median 3.34 [IQR 2.55–4.35] ng/mL) compared to patients with other causes of acute dyspnea (2.04 [1.74–2.45] ng/mL, p < 0.001). The AUC of BMP10 was 0.85 (95%CI, 0.82–0.87), versus 0.79 (95%CI, 0.76–0.82, p < 0.001) for hs-cTnT and 0.91 (95%CI, 0.90–0.93, p < 0.001) for NT-proBNP. The combination of BMP10 with NT-proBNP (AUC 0.92, 95%CI, 0.90–0.94) did not significantly increase the AUC versus NT-proBNP alone. BMP10 was a powerful predictor of death and AHF rehospitalization, but did not provide incremental value to models including NT-proBNP.

Conclusion
BMP10 had a high diagnostic accuracy for AHF and high prognostic accuracy for death and AHF rehospitalization. However, it did not provide relevant incremental value to the current gold standard NT-proBNP.
The impact of myocardial injury on outcomes in TAVI patients
Authors: Stolte Thorald , Lopez-Ayala Pedro , Reichl Jakob , Pfenniger Anna , Allegra Giampiero , Leibundgut Gregor , Kaiser Christoph , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Mahfoud Felix , Mueller Christian , Nestelberger Thomas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Peri-procedural myocardial injury (PPMI) has been commonly reported after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and may have a potential impact on outcomes. The recent update to the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)-3 criteria for PPMI warrants a comparison with the preceding VARC-2 criteria to understand its implications on patient outcomes.

Aims
To assess the prognostic significance of PPMI as defined by VARC-3 versus VARC-2 in TAVI patients and evaluate the predictive value of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) for adverse outcomes within 1 year post-TAVI.

Methods
Consecutive patients undergoing TAVI in a tertiary university hospital between December 2011 and June 2023, with hs-cTnT concentrations pre- and post-procedurally, were enrolled. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 1 year. Secondary outcomes were major cardiac adverse events (MACE), defined as a composite end point including all-cause mortality, unplanned reintervention, stroke, myocardial infarction, or major bleeding at 30 days and 1 year.

Results
Of 653 patients, 535 (82%) had elevated baseline serum hs-cTnT. It was a significant predictor of 1-year mortality and MACE, whereas post-TAVI hs-cTnT concentrations did not predict outcomes (HR: 1.5, p = 0.21 and HR: 0.943, p = 0.54). 367 (56%) of all patients met VARC-2 PPMI criteria, while only 24 (3.7%) met VARC-3 criteria. Patients meeting VARC-3 criteria had significantly more comorbidities and higher 1-year mortality (25% vs. 9%; p = 0.0047). VARC-2 criteria did not predict higher mortality (9% vs. 9%; p = 0.69).

Conclusions
Baseline hs-cTnT concentrations strongly predicted 1-year mortality and MACE, while post-procedure levels did not. VARC-3 criteria provided better prognostic discrimination than VARC-2.
Association of ability to rank sweet and fat taste intensities with sweet and fat food propensity ratios of children, adolescents and adults: the I.Family study
Authors: Jilani Hannah , Intemann Timm , Eiben Gabriele , Lauria Fabio , Lissner Lauren , Michels Nathalie , Molnár Dénes , Moreno Luis A. , Pala Valeria , Tornaritis Michael , Veidebaum Toomas , Ahrens Wolfgang , Hebestreit Antje ,   the I.Family consortium
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
It is assumed that sensory taste perception shapes food choices and impacts dietary intake. However, this has rarely been studied in free living subjects of different age-groups with standardised methods. The present study investigated the association of the ability to rank sweet and fat taste intensities with consumption frequency of sweet and fatty foods in children, adolescents and adults from eight European countries.

Methods
In total, 461 children, 421 adolescents and 612 adults from the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort participated in sensory sweet and fat intensity rating tests. Sweet and fatty food consumption frequencies were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The association between the ability to rank sweet and fat intensity with sweet and fatty food consumption frequencies was estimated using linear mixed regression models adjusting for weight status, country, sex, age and family affiliation.

Results
Across all age groups, the largest proportion of participants had medium sweet and fat taste intensity ranking abilities. The next largest proportion had low sweet and fat taste intensity rating abilities, while the smallest proportion had high intensity rating abilities to sweet and fat taste. A negative association of sweet and fat taste intensity ranking ability with sweet and fatty food consumption frequencies was found for children. In adolescents, the association was positive. In adults, there was no association.

Conclusion
It seems that the association of taste intensity ratings with food consumption frequencies during adolescence differs from the associations in children and adults. This could be due to hormonal changes during puberty, growth and maturation. Thus, further research focussing on maturation processes in association with taste perception during adolescence may be required.
Feature analysis and ensemble-based fault detection techniques for nonlinear systems
Authors: Bolboacă Roland , Haller Piroska , Genge Bela 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMachine learning approaches play a crucial role in nonlinear system modeling across diverse domains, finding applications in system monitoring, anomaly/fault detection, control, and various other areas. With technological advancements, today such systems might include hundreds or thousands of sensors that generate large amounts of multivariate data streams. This inevitably results in increased model complexity. In response, feature selection techniques are widely employed as a means to reduce complexity, avoid the curse of high dimensionality, decrease training and inference times, and eliminate redundant features. This paper introduces a sensitivity-inspired feature analysis technique for regression tasks. Leveraging the energy distance on the model prediction errors, this approach performs both feature ranking and selection. Additionally, this paper introduces an ensemble-based unsupervised fault detection methodology that incorporates homogeneous units, specifically long short-term memory (LSTM) predictors and cumulative sum-based detectors. The proposed predictors utilize a variant of the teacher forcing (TF) algorithm during both the training and inference phases. Additionally, predictors are used to model the normal behavior of the system, whereas detectors are used to identify deviations from normality. The detector decisions are aggregated using a majority voting scheme. The validity of the proposed approach is illustrated on the two representative datasets, where numerous experiments are performed for feature selection and fault detection evaluation. Experimental assessment reveals promising results, even compared to well-established techniques. Nevertheless, the results also demonstrate the need to perform additional experiments with datasets originating from both simulators and real systems. Further possible refinements of the detection ensemble include the addition of heterogeneous units and other decision fusion techniques.
Int-HRL: towards intention-based hierarchical reinforcement learning
Authors: Penzkofer Anna , Schaefer Simon , Strohm Florian , Bâce Mihai , Leutenegger Stefan , Bulling Andreas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhile deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents outperform humans on an increasing number of tasks, training them requires data equivalent to decades of human gameplay. Recent hierarchical RL methods have increased sample efficiency by incorporating information inherent to the structure of the decision problem but at the cost of having to discover or use human-annotated sub-goals that guide the learning process. We show that intentions of human players, i.e. the precursor of goal-oriented decisions, can be robustly predicted from eye gaze even for the long-horizon sparse rewards task of Montezuma’s Revenge–one of the most challenging RL tasks in the Atari2600 game suite. We propose Int-HRL: Hierarchical RL with intention-based sub-goals that are inferred from human eye gaze. Our novel sub-goal extraction pipeline is fully automatic and replaces the need for manual sub-goal annotation by human experts. Our evaluations show that replacing hand-crafted sub-goals with automatically extracted intentions leads to an HRL agent that is significantly more sample efficient than previous methods.
BiA – I.D.A. – Notfallregister
Authors: Konrad Robert , Schuster Denise , Heppner Hans-Jürgen 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Sicherstellung der gesundheitlichen Versorgung der Bevölkerung im Zivilschutzfall obliegt den nach Landesrecht zuständigen Behörden, die der Bund bei Bedarf mit entsprechenden Maßnahmen unterstützt. Der meist über die regulären Rettungsdienstressourcen hinausgehende Umfang an Versorgungsbedarf von Betroffenen hängt stark von der Ursache des Einsatzgeschehens ab. Für die Vorplanung sowie die Einhaltung von Versorgungsstandards sind valide Daten erforderlich, die die versorgenden Hilfsorganisationen von Beginn an eine Eingruppierung in Soforthilfe, Übergangshilfe oder Wiederaufbauhilfe vornehmen sowie eventuelle Sonderversorgungsbedarfe erkennen lassen.

Ziel der Arbeit/Fragestellung
Welche Instrumente sind verfügbar, die valide Daten für eine Einschätzung und Pflegebedarfsplanung im Bevölkerungsschutz zur Verfügung stellen?

Material und Methoden
Recherche und Analyse geeigneter und öffentlich verfügbarer Pflegebedarfsplanungsinstrumente im Kontext Bevölkerungsschutz.

Ergebnisse
Standardisierte, frei verfügbare Bedarfsplanungsinstrumente mit konkreten Planungsvorschlägen für den Bevölkerungsschutz gibt es derzeit nicht. Dennoch sind vielversprechende Insellösungen verfügbar, die als gute Planungsgrundlage verwendet werden können.

Diskussion
Konkrete Vorgaben zur Unterbringung und Versorgung vulnerabler Gruppen mit Pflegebedarf sind in Betreuungskonzepten derzeit nur unzureichend oder gar nicht abgebildet. Eine Zusammenführung der im Netz verfügbaren Insellösungen würde ohne Weiteres eine standardisierte flächendeckende Nutzung zur Bedarfsplanung zulassen.

Graphic abstract