bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The predictive and prognostic significance of cell‐free DNA concentration in melanoma
Authors: Váraljai R. , Elouali S. , Lueong S.S. , Wistuba‐Hamprecht K. , Seremet T. , Siveke J.T. , Becker J.C. , Sucker A. , Paschen A. , Horn P.A. , Neyns B. , Weide B. , Schadendorf D. , Roesch A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMelanoma is the leading cause of skin cancer‐related deaths worldwide. While there have been significant improvements in the treatment of advanced melanoma in the past decade, biomarker development lagged behind.ObjectivesThe majority of liquid biopsy biomarkers rely on the analyses of oncogenic mutations; however, about 20% of melanoma patients are wild type. Therefore, validation of universal predictive and prognostic biomarkers is urgently needed.MethodsWe analysed plasma samples in a discovery cohort (n = 20) and expansion cohort (n = 166) of metastatic melanoma patients and healthy donors (n = 116). Total plasma circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) concentrations were measured on the Qubit®platform using assays for single‐(ss) and double (ds)‐stranded DNA, DNA spectrophotometry and RNase P qPCR. We explored the diagnostic, predictive and prognostic potential of cfDNA concentration by bio‐statistical methods and established a cfDNA threshold for risk stratification.ResultsOur selected best method was Qubit®dsDNA assay which quantified higher plasma cfDNA concentrations in melanoma patients than in healthy controls (AUC 72%). Measurement of baseline cfDNA concentration revealed that high cfDNA was associated with presence of metastases and higher AJCC stage (P < 0.05). Furthermore, high baseline cfDNA was an indicator of shorter overall survival in patients with oncogenic mutations (HR 2.12,P = 0.0008), and in wild‐type patients (HR 5.55,P < 0.0001).ConclusionsWe provide evidence that total cfDNA can be used as a biomarker for melanoma irrespective of the tumour genotype and can provide information on tumour load, risk of progression and risk of death.
Hybrid Context, Management Practices and Organizational Performance: A Configurational Approach
Authors: White Leroy , Lockett Andy , Currie Graeme , Hayton James 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEmploying a configurational approach we explore how ‘hybrid context’ shapes organizations’ adoption, and performance implications, of management practice. We do because hybrid contexts have been a policy aim of many governments seeking to blurr the distinction between the public, private and not‐for‐profit sectors. To conceptualize hybrid contexts we employ the dimensions of market authority and (the multiple) political authority. Employing data from UK care homes, our findings suggest that: (i) the adoption, and performance effects, of management practices are conditioned by dimensions of hybrid context; (ii) there is significant variation across the configurations in terms of the mix of management practices that lead to high and low performance; and (iii) there is a high degree of symmetry between high and low performance, with good management practices being a necessary condition for high performing as compared to low performing organizations.
Fabrication of Custom Post‐And‐Core Using a Directly Fabricated Silicone Pattern and Digital Workflow
Authors: Farah Ra'fat I. , Aloraini Abdullah S. , Al‐Haj Ali Sanaa N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis report introduces an alternative clinical and laboratory technique for the direct fabrication of a custom post‐and‐core pattern using poly (vinyl siloxane) (PVS) occlusal registration material, followed by a digital workflow. This technique decreases chairside time, eliminates the risk of locking the pattern into the postspace and improves accuracy of the custom post‐and‐core.
Academic detailing program for rheumatoid arthritis: a contribution to Brazilian public health system sustainability
Authors: Carvalho Borin Marcus , Kakehasi Adriana Maria , Dartnell Jonathan , Gomes Ribeiro Junior Nelio , Acurcio Francisco de Assis , Guerra Junior Augusto Afonso , Alvares-Teodoro Juliana 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
In Brazil, specialty medicines for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment are provided by the national health system (NHS) according to mandatory protocols. Knowing the rules for prescription of these biological agents is crucial to ensuring patient access to treatment. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of an academic detailing strategy to promote the quality use of the medicines available in NHS among prescribers.

Methods
Forty-three specialists and general practitioners were visited by researchers to perform an academic detailing of the Clinical Protocols and Therapeutic Guidelines (PCDT) for RA adopted by NHS. After the visits, a survey was performed with prescribers to measure their perception in terms of satisfaction and information reliability with the academic visits. At the end, we perform a cost analysis to permit comparisons of this strategy with other educational activities.

Key findings
From 43 physicians that were visited, 28 responded to the telephone survey. Of these, 68% were very satisfied with the visit, 50% rated the content of the visit relevant to their practice, 64.3% agreed the duration of the visit did not affect their work, 60.7% agreed the distributed material would be useful for their professional practice, and 57.1% agreed that the visits added to their knowledge. A total of USDPPP 162.96 per prescriber (USDPPP 7,007.20, BRL14,185.00) were spent on the program.

Conclusion
The prescribers visited represent a large number of deferrals for the Specialized Component of Pharmaceutical Care (CEAF) drug applications. Therefore, the total amount spent on the implementation of this program and its potential for improving access to these medicines has the possibility to have a positive impact on the targeting of public expenditures and avoiding litigation against NHS. Academic detailing has the capability to become an effective strategy for PCDT dissemination and implementation.
Districtwide Evaluation of RTI Implementation: Success, Challenges, and Self‐Efficacy
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth R. , Conoyer Sarah J. , Lembke Erica S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the role descriptive factors played in the perceptions of response to intervention (RTI) implementation success, challenges, and self‐efficacy in a large Midwestern school district. District staff were surveyed as part of an evaluation of RTI implementation. Factors analyzed included teacher descriptive information, RTI essential elements, and teacher self‐efficacy. Findings suggested that staff in elementary buildings rated overall success of RTI implementation higher on average than did staff in secondary buildings. This difference could be attributed to additional challenges to implementation presented by secondary building needs. In addition, no difference was found in overall elementary versus secondary staff perceptions of RTI implementation difficulty; there were, however, differences in the elements that were considered more or less difficult.
Narrative beyond postmodernism: Scenes from Paul Auster's Sunset Park
Authors: Torkamaneh Pouria , Maleki Nasser 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis essay examines the way Paul Auster's Sunset Park (2010) moves beyond postmodern conceptions of narrative by treating it as a liberating phenomenon and a strategy of survival. It argues that the characters' thoughts and decisions, which value construction and communication, represent an underlying motive to transcend the generic postmodern incredulity toward narrative to reveal. Although the novel offers disjointed narratives as part of an attempt to deny unification and coherence, it also conveys a longing for connection—regardless of its possibility—to move beyond the postmodern mood of disbelief and skepticism. To clarify its argument, this essay draws on the theories of Irmtraud Huber about contemporary fiction and how new aesthetic shifts have sidelined postmodern maxim of deconstruction in favor of a more constructive approach. Therefore, by analyzing scenes from Sunset Park that display such a sensibility, this research attempts to examine this new understanding of the interplay between narrative and knowledge as a larger experiment beyond postmodern principles.
Shadow banking in China compared to other countries
Authors: Allen Franklin , Gu Xian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChina's shadow banking has been rising rapidly in the last decade, mainly driven by regulations for banks, the Fiscal Stimulus Plan in 2008 and credit constraints in restrictive industries. This sector has continued growing although the regulators repeatedly attempted to impose new regulations on banks and nonbanks. The existence of shadow banking fulfills the high demand for funding. The standard view is that it poses risks to financial stability. However, in China, this is not necessarily the case. Entrusted loans, implicit guarantees from nonbanks, banks or government may provide a second‐best arrangement in funding risky projects and improving welfare.
Extraterrestrial organic compounds and cyanide in the CM2 carbonaceous chondrites Aguas Zarcas and Murchison
Authors: Aponte José C. , McLain Hannah L. , Simkus Danielle N. , Elsila Jamie E. , Glavin Daniel P. , Parker Eric T. , Dworkin Jason P. , Hill Dolores H. , Connolly Harold C. , Lauretta Dante S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEvaluating the water‐soluble organic composition of carbonaceous chondrites is key to understanding the inventory of organic matter present at the origins of the solar system and the subsequent processes that took place inside asteroid parent bodies. Here, we present a side‐by‐side analysis and comparison of the abundance and molecular distribution of aliphatic amines, aldehydes, ketones, mono‐ and dicarboxylic acids, and free and acid‐releasable cyanide species in the CM2 chondrites Aguas Zarcas and Murchison. The Aguas Zarcas meteorite is a recent fall that occurred in central Costa Rica and constitutes the largest recovered mass of a CM‐type meteorite after Murchison. The overall content of organic species we investigated was systematically higher in Murchison than in Aguas Zarcas. Similar to previous meteoritic organic studies, carboxylic acids were one to two orders of magnitude more abundant than other soluble organic compound classes investigated in both meteorite samples. We did not identify free cyanide in Aguas Zarcas and Murchison; however, cyanide species analyzed after acid digestion of the water‐extracted meteorite mineral matrix were detected and quantified at slightly higher abundances in Aguas Zarcas compared to Murchison. Although there were differences in the total abundances of specific compound classes, these two carbonaceous chondrites showed similar isomeric distributions of aliphatic amines and carboxylic acids, with common traits such as a complete suite of structural isomers that decreases in concentration with increasing molecular weight. These observations agree with their petrologic CM type‐2 classification, suggesting that these meteorites experienced similar organic formation processes and/or conditions during parent body aqueous alteration.
The role of introgression and ecotypic parallelism in delineating intraspecific conservation units
Authors: Taylor Rebecca S. , Manseau Micheline , Horn Rebekah L. , Keobouasone Sonesinh , Golding G. Brian , Wilson Paul J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractParallel evolution can occur through selection on novel mutations, standing genetic variation or adaptive introgression. Uncovering parallelism and introgressed populations can complicate management of threatened species as parallelism may have influenced conservation unit designations and admixed populations are not generally considered under legislations. We examined high coverage whole‐genome sequences of 30 caribou (Rangifer tarandus) from across North America and Greenland, representing divergent intraspecific lineages, to investigate parallelism and levels of introgression contributing to the formation of ecotypes. Caribou are split into four subspecies and 11 extant conservation units, known as designatable units (DUs), in Canada. Using genomes from all four subspecies and six DUs, we undertake demographic reconstruction and confirm two previously inferred instances of parallel evolution in the woodland subspecies and uncover an additional instance of parallelism of the eastern migratory ecotype. Detailed investigations reveal introgression in the woodland subspecies, with introgressed regions found spread throughout the genomes encompassing both neutral and functional sites. Our investigations using whole genomes highlight the difficulties in unequivocally demonstrating parallelism through adaptive introgression in nonmodel species with complex demographic histories, with standing variation and introgression both potentially involved. Additionally, the impact of parallelism and introgression on conservation policy for management units needs to be considered in general, and the caribou designations will need amending in light of our results. Uncovering and decoupling parallelism and differential patterns of introgression will become prevalent with the availability of comprehensive genomic data from nonmodel species, and we highlight the need to incorporate this into conservation unit designations.
Lessons learned from the INHANCE consortium: An overview of recent results on head and neck cancer
Authors: Bravi Francesca , Lee Yuan‐Chin Amy , Hashibe Mia , Boffetta Paolo , Conway David I. , Ferraroni Monica , La Vecchia Carlo , Edefonti Valeria ,   the INHANCE Consortium investigators
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize the latest evidence on head and neck cancer epidemiology from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium.Subjects and MethodsINHANCE was established in 2004 to elucidate the etiology of head and neck cancer through pooled analyses of individual‐level data on a large scale. We summarize results from recent INHANCE‐based publications updating our 2015 overview.ResultsSeventeen papers were published between 2015 and May 2020. These studies further define the nature of risks associated with tobacco and alcohol, and occupational exposures on head and neck cancer. The beneficial effects on incidence of head and neck cancer were identified for good oral health, endogenous and exogenous hormonal factors, and selected aspects of diet related to fruit and vegetables. INHANCE has begun to develop risk prediction models and to pool follow‐up data on their studies, finding that ~30% of cases had cancer recurrence and 9% second primary cancers, with overall‐ and disease‐specific 5‐year‐survival of 51% and 57%, respectively.ConclusionsThe number and importance of INHANCE scientific findings provides further evidence of the advantages of large‐scale internationally collaborative projects and will support the development of prevention strategies.
High‐risk human papillomavirus in patients with oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma—A multi‐centre study in Sweden, Brazil and Romania
Authors: Sundberg Jonas , Öhman Jenny , Korytowska Magdalena , Wallström Mats , Kjeller Göran , Andersson Maria , Horal Peter , Lindh Magnus , Giglio Daniel , Kovács Anikó , Sand Lars , Hirsch Jan‐Michaél , Magda Araújo Ferracini Lais , de Souza Ana Carolina Mamana Fernandes , Parlatescu Ioanina , Dobre Maria , Hinescu Mihail‐Eugen , Braz‐Silva Paulo Henrique , Tovaru Serban , Hasséus Bengt 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesAlthough causal associations between oral leukoplakia (OL), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) have been speculated upon in several reports, conclusive evidence has not been presented. This study investigates whether the number of cases of HR‐HPV in OL has increased over time and whether the prevalence of HR‐HPV‐positive OL differs in various parts of the world.Patients and MethodsA total of 432 patients with OL from Sweden, Brazil and Romania were analysed. Patients were divided into historical (1992–2002) and contemporary (2011–2017) cohorts from the respective countries. Seventeen patients with OL developed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A real‐time PCR assay, targeting HPV sub‐types 6,11,16,18,31,33,35,39,45,52,56,58 and 59, was performed to detect HR‐HPV in patients with OL.ResultsIn the Swedish and Romanian cohorts, none of the investigated HPV sub‐types were detected. In the Brazilian cohorts, five patients with OL (3%) were positive for HR‐HPV, including four patients from the contemporary cohort (HPV 16, 31, 33) and one from the historical cohort (HPV 11). All the cases of OL that transformed into OSCC were HR‐HPV‐negative, as were the corresponding tumours.ConclusionsIn summary, the prevalence of HR‐HPV in OL is low in all the tested countries, and the incidence has not changed over time. HR‐HPV in OL does not seem to be a driver of oncogenesis.
Genomic and signalling pathway characterization of the NZM panel of melanoma cell lines: A valuable model for studying the impact of genetic diversity in melanoma
Authors: Tran Khanh B. , Gimenez Gregory , Tsai Peter , Kolekar Sharada , Rodger Euan J. , Chatterjee Aniruddha , Jabed Anower , Shih Jen‐Hsing , Joseph Wayne R. , Marshall Elaine S. , Wang Qian , Print Cristin G. , Eccles Michael R. , Baguley Bruce C. , Shepherd Peter R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMelanoma is a disease associated with a very high mutation burden and thus the possibility of a diverse range of oncogenic mechanisms that allow it to evade therapeutic interventions and the immune system. Here, we describe the characterization of a panel of 102 cell lines from metastatic melanomas (the NZM lines), including using whole‐exome and RNA sequencing to analyse genetic variants and gene expression changes in a subset of this panel. Lines possessing all major melanoma genotypes were identified, and hierarchical clustering of gene expression profiles revealed four broad subgroups of cell lines. Immunogenotyping identified a range of HLA haplotypes as well as expression of neoantigens and cancer–testis antigens in the lines. Together, these characteristics make the NZM panel a valuable resource for cell‐based, immunological and xenograft studies to better understand the diversity of melanoma biology and the responses of melanoma to therapeutic interventions.
Nostalgia reconsidered
Authors: Sweeney Paula 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNostalgia is standardly assumed to be directed towards the past, to involve some salient feeling of the irretrievability of the past, and to be directed towards the memory of an event. In this paper I argue that none of these standard assumptions hold. I use a time‐traveller example to demonstrate that nostalgia is not essentially past‐directed. Once nostalgia is prised from the objective past, we can examine the other purported conditions, making space for the conclusion that the felt irretrievability of the past is not the necessary feature of nostalgia that we assumed it to be. I then argue that the notion that nostalgia is directed towards the memory of an event is misguided. Finally, I distinguish two routes to nostalgia and, with this distinction in place, argue that nostalgia is neither essentially time nor place directed. Nostalgia is simply change‐directed.
Pathways to behavior problems in Norwegian kindergarten children: The role of parent emotion socialization and child emotion understanding
Authors: Bjørk Rune F. , Havighurst Sophie S. , Pons Francisco , Karevold Evalill B. 
Published: June 2020

More than two decades of research have shown that parental emotion‐related socialization behaviors (ERSBs) significantly predict child emotion understanding and externalizing behavior problems. This study aimed to replicate these findings in a sample of 40 Norwegian preschool children and to test whether the effect of parental ERSBs on externalizing child behavior problems was mediated through child emotion understanding. Parental report on ERSBs was obtained using the Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES) questionnaire. Child emotion understanding was assessed directly using the Test of Emotion Comprehension (TEC). The results showed that parental distress reactions and externalizing child behavior problems were significantly correlated and that parental expressive encouragement was significantly correlated with child emotion understanding. Estimation of indirect effects was conducted using process analysis and showed that parental expressive encouragement was indirectly related to externalizing child behavior problems (b = −0.17) via child emotion understanding. The results suggest that better child emotion understanding, and lower parental distress are related to lower levels of behavior problems in preschool children. These findings provide support for the Parental Meta‐Emotion Philosophy (PMEP) model, where the effect of parental emotion socialization on externalizing child behavior problems is mediated through emotion understanding.
Thebe‐auxiliary's categorial status in Old Russian1
Authors: Jung Hakyung 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article proposes that the present tense forms of thebe‐auxiliarybyti(AUX) in Old Russian should be identified as weak pronouns, based on their prosodic, morphological, and syntactic properties. The loss ofAUXin Old Russian, which distinguishes East Slavic from West and South Slavic languages, is ascribed to the competition betweenAUXand strong subject pronouns as a consequence of the reanalysis ofAUXas a weak subject pronoun. This reanalysis was triggered by the early loss of synthetic past tenses in Old Russian. TheAUX's position to the right of pronominal clitics indicates that theAUXremains in its initial merge position either as an auxiliary verb or as a subject pronoun. The co‐occurrence ofAUXin situand a null subject in Old Russian implies that rich verbal agreement and null subjects are unrelated with verb raising to I0.
Overcoming the challenges of interpreting complex and uncommon RH alleles from whole genomes
Authors: Halls Justin B.L. , Vege Sunitha , Simmons Daimon P. , Aeschlimann Judith , Bujiriri Baderha , Mah Helen H. , Lebo Matthew S. , Vijay Kumar Prathik K. , Westhoff Connie M. , Lane William J. 
Published: June 2020

Background and objectivesRh is one of the most diverse and complex blood group systems. Recently, next generation sequencing (NGS) has proven to be a viable option for RH genotyping. We have developed automated software (bloodTyper) for determining alleles encoding RBC antigens from NGS‐based whole genome sequencing (WGS). The bloodTyper algorithm has not yet been optimized and evaluated for complex and uncommon RH alleles.Materials and methodsTwenty‐two samples with previous polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing‐based RH genotyping underwent WGS. bloodTyper was used to detect RH alleles including those defined by structural variation (SV) using a combination of three independent strategies: sequence read depth of coverage, split reads and paired reads.ResultsbloodTyper was programmed to identify D negative and positive phenotypes as well as the presence of alleles encoding weak D, partial D and variant RHCE. Sequence read depth of coverage calculation accurately determined RHD zygosity and detected the presence of RHD/RHCE hybrids. RHCE*C was determined by sequence read depth of coverage and by split read methods. RHD hybrid alleles and RHCE*C were confirmed by using a paired read approach. Small SVs present in RHCE*CeRN and RHCE*ceHAR were detected by a combined read depth of coverage and paired read approach.ConclusionsThe combination of several different interpretive approaches allowed for automated software based‐RH genotyping of WGS data including RHD zygosity and complex compound RHD and RHCE heterozygotes. The scalable nature of this automated analysis will enable RH genotyping in large genomic sequencing projects.