bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computing support for testing equal values of the figurative numbers in the Pascal triangle
Authors: Mihajlov Carević Miroslava , Ilić Miloš , Petrović Milena , Denić Nebojša 
Published: October 2020

In this paper we deal with a method for the determination of numbers in a Pascal triangle that are simultaneously triangular, tetrahedral and pentaedroidni.
The collected results, obtained by mathematical analysis, were verified by computer. For this purpose, we used the C# programming language as well as the computer laboratory within our University in order to test the results. The results collected by computer confirmed the accuracy of the results obtained by mathematical analysis.
Plant trait response of tundra shrubs to permafrost thaw and nutrient addition
Authors: Iturrate-Garcia Maitane , Heijmans Monique M. P. D. , Cornelissen J. Hans C. , Schweingruber Fritz H. , Niklaus Pascal A. , Schaepman-Strub Gabriela 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Plant traits reflect growth strategies and trade-offs in response to environmental conditions. Because of climate warming, plant traits might
change, altering ecosystem functions and vegetation–climate interactions. Despite important feedbacks of plant trait changes in tundra ecosystems
with regional climate, with a key role for shrubs, information on responses of shrub functional traits is limited. Here, we investigate the effects of experimentally increased permafrost thaw depth and (possibly thaw-associated) soil nutrient availability on
plant functional traits and strategies of Arctic shrubs in northeastern Siberia. We hypothesize that shrubs will generally shift their strategy from
efficient conservation to faster acquisition of resources through adaptation of leaf and stem traits in a coordinated whole-plant fashion. To test this hypothesis,
we ran a 4 year permafrost thaw and nutrient fertilization experiment with a fully factorial block design and six treatment combinations –
permafrost thaw (control, unheated cable, heated cable) × fertilization (no nutrient addition, nutrient addition). We measured 10 leaf and
stem traits related to growth, defence and the resource economics spectrum in four shrub species (Betula nana, Salix pulchra,
Ledum palustre and Vaccinium vitis-idaea), which were sampled in the experimental plots. The plant trait data were statistically
analysed using linear mixed-effect models and principal component analysis (PCA). The response to increased permafrost thaw was not significant for most shrub traits. However, all shrubs responded to the fertilization treatment,
despite decreased thaw depth and soil temperature in fertilized plots. Shrubs tended to grow taller but did not increase their stem density or bark
thickness. We found a similar coordinated trait response for all four species at leaf and plant level; i.e. they shifted from a conservative towards
a more acquisitive resource economy strategy upon fertilization. In accordance, results point towards a lower investment into defence mechanisms,
and hence increased shrub vulnerability to herbivory and climate extremes. Compared to biomass and height only, detailed data involving individual plant organ traits such as leaf area and nutrient contents or stem water
content can contribute to a better mechanistic understanding of feedbacks between shrub growth strategies, permafrost thaw and carbon and energy
fluxes. In combination with observational data, these experimental tundra trait data allow for a more realistic representation of tundra shrubs in
dynamic vegetation models and robust prediction of ecosystem functions and related climate–vegetation–permafrost feedbacks.
The Waiotapu earthquake of 1983, December 14
Authors: Smith Euan G. C. , Scott Brad J. , Latter John H. 
Published: October 2020

The continual earthquake swarm activity in the Waiotapu-Waikite Valley area that commenced in April 1982, reached a climax on 14 December 1983 with the occurrence of a magnitude 5.1 shock at shallow depth, on or close to the Ngapouri fault, near Waiotapu. It was the largest event in this area for more than 40 years. Felt intensities reached MM VII and possibly MM VIII in the epicentral region and resulted in claims for $29,000 worth of damage.
Although inadequate for the determination of a focal mechanism, first P-wave motions indicate that the earthquake produced east-west extension. On the assumption that the shock occurred on the Ngapouri fault (strike N55°E, northwest side down), this implies sinistral movement with a lesser dip slip component. Geodetic data are consistent with extention at N110°E in the region, although the magnitude of the strain is technically too small to be statistically significant.
O saber etnobotânico dos agricultores/as familiares associado a plantas medicinais e suas aplicações, Rolim de Moura/RO, Brasil
Authors: Lopes Marcelo Santos , Ribeiro Sylviane Beck , Franco Gilmara Yoshihara , Tronco Kenia Michele de Quadros 
Published: October 2020

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar o saber etnobotânico dos agricultores/as familiares associado à plantas medicinais no município de Rolim de Moura/RO. Foram coletadas informações de 30 produtores selecionados pela metodologia bola de neve. Utilizou-se o Fator de Consenso do Informante (FCI) e foram classificados os nomes das espécies por meio das famílias botânicas, suas indicações de acordo com a Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde (CID-10), Nível de Fidelidade (FL) e Importância Relativa (IR). Foram citadas 136 espécies de plantas medicinais, distribuídas em 56 famílias. As plantas tiveram 901 citações e destas foi possível a identificação de 134 espécies, destacando-se as seguintes famílias: Asteraceae (20 espécies), Lamiaceae (17 espécies) e Fabaceae (7 espécies). As de maior número de citação foram Curcuma Longa L.(Açafrão), Mentha sp. (Hortelã), Cyimbopogon citratus Stapf. (Capim Cidreira) e Plectranthus barbatus Andrews (Boldo). Em relação ao FCI, as categorias com maiores valores foram: transtornos do sistema respiratório (FCI=0,70) e transtornos do sistema digestório (FCI=0,69). As que apresentaram valores de IR>1 foram: Curcuma Longa L. (Açafrão – IR=2,0) e Plantago major L.(Tanchagem – IR=1,64). Aos resultados de FL, destacaram-se as seguintes espécies: Pereskia grandifolia (Ora-pro-nobis – FL=80%), Sambucus australis, Malpighia glabra Linn, Phyllanthus niruri L., Petroselium crispum (Mill.) A.W.Hill,(Sabugueiro, Acerola, Quebra-pedra e Salsa – FL=66,67%) respectivamente. As folhas foram as partes da planta mais utilizadas (64,2%), sendo a infusão/chá (67,5%) o procedimento mais comum usado para preparar remédios caseiros. Conclui-se que este trabalho possibilitou maior compreensão acerca da origem dos saberes e das práticas sobre o uso terapêutico das plantas medicinais que além da constatação do uso destas plantas, elas assumem grande valor na vida destes produtores rurais.
Biomassa aérea e NDVI em zona ecotonal cerrado-caatinga da Flona de Palmares, Altos, Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Brandão Maria Letícia Stefany Monteiro , Iwata Bruna de Freitas , Alencar Gaspar da Silva , Carvalho Suzane Pereira , Almeida Karoline de Sousa , Silva Camila Maria Alves da , Rocha Israel Lobato , Sousa Mauro César de Brito 
Published: October 2020

A estimativa da biomassa é uma forma de avaliar a quantidade de material biológico de uma floresta quanto à sua conversão de energia e ciclagem de nutrientes, como também estudos referentes à biomassa vegetal e à composição nutricional das plantas podem compor um importante banco de dados para o desenvolvimento de programas de conservação. A vegetação aérea exerce uma importante função na avaliação de um ecossistema florestal. Diante disso o estudo teve como objetivo quantificar a biomassa da vegetação aérea e analisar a sua relação com o NDVI da Floresta Nacional de Palmares, Altos, Piauí. O estudo foi realizado em uma unidade de conservação de uso sustentável, a Floresta Nacional dos Palmares está localizada na Zona Rural do município de Altos – PI, tendo como limite a capital Teresina. Foram considerados nessa pesquisa apenas os indivíduos que estavam dentro das parcelas de 20m x 20m, coletadas em 09 glebas, totalizando uma área de 168 ha. Foram incluídos nesse estrato todos os indivíduos com a circunferência na altura do peito (CAP) igual ou superior a 15 cm. Com o NDVI foi possível ter uma visualização da vegetação da Flona, e assim fazer uma comparação com os resultados da biomassa, que foram coerentes com a imagem do NDVI. A biomassa total em árvores vivas e mortas na Flona de Palmares foi estimada em 313.050 Mg/ha, no período seco de 2019.
Impact of setup errors on multi‐isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy for craniospinal irradiation
Authors: Zhou Yongqiang , Ai Yao , Han Ce , Zheng Xiaomin , Yi Jinling , Xie Congying , Jin Xiance 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMulti‐isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is recommended for craniospinal irradiation (CSI) to smooth the dose distribution in the junction regions relying solely on inverse optimization. However, few studies have measured the dosimetric impact of setup errors on this multi‐isocenter VMAT in the junction areas. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of positional errors during VMAT CSI with two‐dimension (2D) and three‐dimension (3D) dosimetric measurements. A total of 20 patients treated by three‐isocenter VMAT CSI were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. A 3D diode array ArcCHECK and radiochromic film EBT3 were applied to measure the percentage gamma passing rates (%GPs) and dose distributions in the junction areas between the cranial/upper‐spinal and the upper/lower‐spinal fields with intentionally introduced setup errors of ± 1 mm, ±2 mm, ±3 mm, ±5 mm, and ± 8 mm, respectively. The length and volume of planning target volume (PTV) for these CSI patients ranged from 50.14 to 80.8 cm, and 1572.3 to 2114.5 cm3, respectively. The %GPs for ±3 mm, ±5 mm, and ±8 mm positional errors were around 95%, 90%, and 85%, respectively, in the junction areas. The dosimetric verification results with EBT3 films indicated that cold and hot areas were observed with the increase of introduced setup errors. In conclusion, the dosimetric verification with intentionally introduced setup errors demonstrated that positional errors within 3 mm have a little impact for VMAT CSI, although setup errors should be minimized. Relying on the inverse optimization of VMAT to smooth the dose distribution in the junction areas is feasible for CSI.
Unique Considerations for the Management of Gout in the Hmong Population: Examining Tertiary Encounters at a Large Regional Health Care System
Authors: Lerman Alison , Gertner Elie , DeFor Terese A. , Brown Morgan , Desai Jay 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate demographic characteristics, care encounters, comorbidities, and clinical differences in Hmong and non‐Hmong patients with gout.MethodsUsing retrospective chart review, all inpatient encounters (Hmong versus non‐Hmong) were reviewed from 2014 to 2017. Acute or chronic gout was the primary or secondary diagnosis for the encounter.ResultsHmong gout patients were on average 11 years younger than non‐Hmong patients, but after adjustment for age, sex, and type of encounter, they had similar rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease. Hmong patients had significantly decreased renal function at the time of presentation; the odds ratio of chronic kidney disease for Hmong patients was 2.33 versus 1.48 for non‐Hmong patients (P < 0.05), the mean creatinine level was 3.3 mg/dl versus 2.0 mg/dl (β = 1.35, P < 0.001), and the glomerular filtration rate was 44.8 ml/minute versus 49.3 ml/minute (β = –6.95, P < 0.001). Hmong gout patients were more likely to use emergency care versus elective or urgent care, they were less likely to be using medications for the treatment of gout prior to admission (32.3% versus 58.2%), and the length of hospital stay was increased (8.8 versus 5.2 days; P < 0.05).ConclusionHmong gout patients who had a tertiary care encounter were 11 years younger than non‐Hmong patients with similar rates of comorbidities but had worse renal function despite the age differences. They were more likely to use emergency services, to be insured through Medicaid, and not to use preventive medications for gout prior to their encounter. Intensive efforts are needed in the Hmong population for culturally appropriate preventive care management of gout along with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease, and kidney disease.
Numerical Simulations and In Situ Optical Microscopy Connecting Flow Pattern, Crystallization, and Thin‐Film Properties for Organic Transistors with Superior Device‐to‐Device Uniformity
Authors: Lee Jeong‐Chan , Lee Minho , Lee Ho‐Jun , Ahn Kwangguk , Nam Jaewook , Park Steve 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCurrently, due to the lack of precise control of flow behavior and the understanding of how it influences thin‐film crystallization, strict tuning of thin‐film properties during solution‐based coating is difficult. In this work, a continuous‐flow microfluidic‐channel‐based meniscus‐guided coating (CoMiC) is introduced, which is a system that enables manipulation of flow patterns and analysis connecting flow pattern, crystallization, and thin‐film properties. Continuous supply of a solution of an organic semiconductor with various flow patterns is generated using microfluidic channels. 3D numerical simulations and in situ microscopy allow the tracking of the flow pattern along its entire path (from within the microfluidic channel to near the liquid–solid boundary), and enable direct observation of thin‐film crystallization process. In particular, the generation of chaotic flow results in unprecedented device‐to‐device uniformity, with coefficient of variation (CV) of 7.3% and average mobility of 2.04 cm2 V−1 s−1 in doped TIPS‐pentacene. Furthermore, CV and average mobility of 9.6% and 11.4 cm2 V−1 s−1 are achieved, respectively, in a small molecule:polymer blend system. CoMiC can serve as a guideline for elucidating the relation between flow behavior, liquid‐to‐solid phase transition, and device performance, which has thus far been unknown.
Target‐site resistance and cross‐resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides in radish and wild radish biotypes from Brazil
Authors: Costa Leandro O. , Cechin Joanei , Rizzardi Mauro A. , Martin Sara L. , Sauder Connie A. , Adegas Fernando S. , Grando Magali F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRadish (Raphanus sativus L.) and wild radish (R. raphanistrum L.) are troublesome agricultural weeds in several areas worldwide, with populations resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicide. Information on the mechanisms of resistance is important for management and developing novel solutions to control resistant populations. The objective of this work was to determine the ALS‐resistance mechanisms in radish and wild radish biotypes resistant to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides. Resistance levels were determined by dose‐response curve using several rates of metsulfuron‐methyl herbicide in susceptible (JUC1) and resistant (JUC2, CRA3) radish, and susceptible (CAF1) and resistant (CAF2, CAF3) wild radish biotypes. The mechanism was evaluated by the in vitro activity of the ALS enzyme with imazapic herbicide and ALS gene sequencing. All resistant biotypes were insensitive to metsulfuron‐methyl and imazapic herbicides. The rate of metsulfuron‐methyl to reduce 50% growth of the plants (GR50) were 17‐ to 60‐fold (JUC2, CRA3) and 9‐ to 21‐fold (CAF2 and CAF3) higher than the susceptible biotypes of radish and wild radish, respectively. One‐point mutation in the ALS gene, Trp‐574‐Leu, was found in all resistant radish biotypes, whereas a second point mutation, Ala‐360‐Ser, was found in CAF2, CAF3, and JUC2 resistant biotypes. Changes in kinetic parameters of the ALS enzyme were found in all resistant biotypes evaluated, causing reduction of the herbicide affinity in the target‐site of action. Trp‐574‐Leu amino acid substitution resulted in resistance to sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, and triazolopyrimidine groups, with the survival greater than 75% of the plants, depending on the herbicide applied at labeled rate.
Assessing physical symptoms, daily functioning, and well‐being in children with achondroplasia
Authors: Pfeiffer Kathryn M. , Brod Meryl , Smith Alden , Gianettoni Jill , Viuff Dorthe , Ota Sho , Charlton R. Will 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study's purpose was to provide qualitative evidence to support the development of two observer‐reported outcome measures assessing the physical symptoms/complications of achondroplasia in children and impacts on children's quality of life. Individual/focus group concept elicitation interviews were conducted with parents of children aged 2 to <12 years with achondroplasia and experts. Qualitative analysis of transcripts, based on an adapted grounded theory approach, informed item generation and measure development. Cognitive debriefing (CD) interviews were conducted with parents to confirm relevance and understanding. Thirty‐six parents participated in concept elicitation interviews. The analysis identified major physical symptoms/complications and impacts of achondroplasia, which informed the development of the Achondroplasia Child Experience Measures (ACEMs): ACEM—Symptom and ACEM—Impact. ACEM—Symptom was comprised of eight major symptoms/complications including pain (58%), ear infections/fluid in ear (56%), and low stamina/tiring easily (56%). ACEM—Impact consisted of 31 major impacts in the domains of daily functioning, emotional well‐being, social well‐being, and need for assistance/adaptive devices. Impacts on functioning included difficulty reaching objects/high places (89%) and toileting (67%). Emotional impacts included feeling different (53%) and feeling frustrated/annoyed (47%). Social impacts included difficulty participating in sports/physical play (86%) and being treated as younger than age (83%). Following CD interviews with 16 additional parents, validation‐ready ACEM measures were generated. The study improves our understanding of the experiences of children with achondroplasia and provides evidence supporting the content validity of the ACEMs. Validated ACEMs may be used to assess potential benefits of future treatments for comorbidities of achondroplasia.
Expanding the phenotype of biallelic loss‐of‐function variants in the NSUN2 gene: Description of four individuals with juvenile cataract, chronic nephritis, or brain anomaly as novel complications
Authors: Kato Kohji , Mizuno Seiji , Morton Jenny , Toyama Miho , Hara Yuichiro , Wasmer Evangeline , Lehmann Alan , Ogi Tomoo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe NSUN2 gene encodes a tRNA cytosine methyltransferase that functions in the maturation of leucyl tRNA (Leu) (CAA) precursors, which is crucial for the anticodon‐codon pairing and correct translation of mRNA. Biallelic loss of function variants in NSUN2 are known to cause moderate to severe intellectual disability. Microcephaly, postnatal growth retardation, and dysmorphic facial features are common complications in this genetic disorder, and delayed puberty is occasionally observed. Here, we report four individuals, two sets of siblings, with biallelic loss‐of‐function variants in the NSUN2 gene. The first set of siblings have compound heterozygous frameshift variants: c.546_547insCT, p.Met183Leufs*13; c.1583del, p.Pro528Hisfs*19, and the other siblings carry a homozygous frameshift variant: c.1269dup, p.Val424Cysfs*14. In addition to previously reported clinical features, the first set of siblings showed novel complications of juvenile cataract and chronic nephritis. The other siblings showed hypomyelination and simplified gyral pattern in neuroimaging. NSUN2‐related intellectual disability is a very rare condition, and less than 20 cases have been reported previously. Juvenile cataract, chronic nephritis, and brain anomaly shown in the present patients have not been previously described. Our report suggests clinical diversity of NSUN2‐related intellectual disability.
The odyssey of complex neurogenetic disorders: From undetermined to positive
Authors: Salinas Valeria , Vega Patricia , Marsili Luca , Pérez‐Maturo Josefina , Martínez Nerina , Zavala Lucia , González‐Morón Dolores , Medina Nancy , Rodriguez‐Quiroga Sergio A. , Amartino Hernán , Maxit Clarisa , Sturchio Andrea , Grimberg Barbara , Duque Kevin , Comas Betiana , Silva Walter , Consalvo Damián , Sfaello Ignacio , Espay Alberto J. , Kauffman Marcelo A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of neurogenetic diseases forces patients and their families into a “diagnostic odyssey.” An increase in the variability of genetic disorders and the corresponding gene‐disease associations suggest the need to periodically re‐evaluate the significance of variants of undetermined pathogenicity. Here, we report the diagnostic and clinical utility of Targeted Gene Panel Sequencing (TGPS) and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) in 341 patients with suspected neurogenetic disorders from centers in Buenos Aires and Cincinnati over the last 4 years, focusing on the usefulness of reinterpreting variants previously classified as of uncertain significance. After a mean of ±2years (IC 95:0.73–3.27), approximately 30% of the variants of uncertain significance were reclassified as pathogenic. The use of next generation sequencing methods has facilitated the identification of both germline and mosaic pathogenic variants, expanding the diagnostic yield. These results demonstrate the high clinical impact of periodic reanalysis of undetermined variants in clinical neurology.
Engineering Regioselectivity of a P450 Monooxygenase Enables the Synthesis of Ursodeoxycholic Acid via 7β‐Hydroxylation of Lithocholic Acid
Authors: Grobe Sascha , Badenhorst Christoffel P. S. , Bayer Thomas , Hamnevik Emil , Wu Shuke , Grathwol Christoph W. , Link Andreas , Koban Sven , Brundiek Henrike , Großjohann Beatrice , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe engineered the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP107D1 (OleP) from Streptomyces antibioticus for the stereo‐ and regioselective 7β‐hydroxylation of lithocholic acid (LCA) to yield ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). OleP was previously shown to hydroxylate testosterone at the 7β‐position but LCA is exclusively hydroxylated at the 6β‐position, forming murideoxycholic acid (MDCA). Structural and 3DM analysis, and molecular docking were used to identify amino acid residues F84, S240, and V291 as specificity‐determining residues. Alanine scanning identified S240A as a UDCA‐producing variant. A synthetic “small but smart” library based on these positions was screened using a colorimetric assay for UDCA. We identified a nearly perfectly regio‐ and stereoselective triple mutant (F84Q/S240A/V291G) that produces 10‐fold higher levels of UDCA than the S240A variant. This biocatalyst opens up new possibilities for the environmentally friendly synthesis of UDCA from the biological waste product LCA.