bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omics and interspecies interaction
Authors: Shokeen Bhumika , Dinis Marcia Dalila Botelho , Haghighi Farnoosh , Tran Nini Chaichanasakul , Lux Renate 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInterspecies interactions are key determinants in biofilm behavior, ecology, and architecture. The cellular responses of microorganisms to each other at transcriptional, proteomic, and metabolomic levels ultimately determine the characteristics of biofilm and the corresponding implications for health and disease. Advances in omics technologies have revolutionized our understanding of microbial community composition and their activities as a whole. Large‐scale analyses of the complex interaction between the many microbial species residing within a biofilm, however, are currently still hampered by technical and bioinformatics challenges. Thus, studies of interspecies interactions have largely focused on the transcriptional and proteomic changes that occur during the contact of a few prominent species, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and a few others, with selected partner species. Expansion of available tools is necessary to grow the revealing, albeit limited, insight these studies have provided into a profound understanding of the nature of individual microbial responses to the presence of others. This will allow us to answer important questions including: Which intermicrobial interactions orchestrate the myriad of cooperative, synergistic, antagonistic, manipulative, and other types of relationships and activities in the complex biofilm environment, and what are the implications for oral health and disease?
Did Omics change periodontal therapy?
Authors: Feres Magda , Retamal‐Valdes Belén , Gonçalves Cristiane , Cristina Figueiredo Luciene , Teles Flavia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe starting point for defining effective treatment protocols is a clear understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of a condition. In periodontal diseases, this understanding has been hindered by a number of factors, such as the difficulty in differentiating primary pathogens from nonpathogens in complex biofilm structures. The introduction of DNA sequencing technologies, including taxonomic and functional analyses, has allowed the oral microbiome to be investigated in much greater breadth and depth. This article aims to compile the results of studies, using next‐generation sequencing techniques to evaluate the periodontal microbiome, in an attempt to determine how far the knowledge provided by these studies has brought us in terms of influencing the way we treat periodontitis. The taxonomic data provided, to date, by published association and elimination studies using next‐generation sequencing confirm previous knowledge on the role of classic periodontal pathogens in the pathobiology of disease and include new species/genera. Conversely, species and genera already considered as host‐compatible and others less explored were associated with periodontal health as their levels were elevated in healthy individuals and increased after therapy. Functional and transcriptomic analyses also demonstrated that periodontal biofilms are taxonomically diverse, functionally congruent, and highly cooperative. Very few interventional studies to date have examined the effects of treatment on the periodontal microbiome, and such studies are heterogeneous in terms of design, sample size, sampling method, treatment provided, and duration of follow‐up. Hence, it is still difficult to draw meaningful conclusions from them. Thus, although OMICS knowledge has not yet changed the way we treat patients in daily practice, the information provided by these studies opens new avenues for future research in this field. As new pathogens and beneficial species become identified, future randomized clinical trials could monitor these species/genera more comprehensively. In addition, the metatranscriptomic data, although still embryonic, suggest that the interplay between the host and the oral microbiome may be our best opportunity to implement personalized periodontal treatments. Therapeutic schemes targeting particular bacterial protein products in subjects with specific genetic profiles, for example, may be the futuristic view of enhanced periodontal therapy.
Effects of interrupting sitting with different activity bouts on postprandial lipemia: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Ma Sheng‐Xia , Zhu Zheng , Cao Zhen‐Bo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo determine whether interrupting prolonged sitting with three different activity breaks has both acute and chronic effects on postprandial lipid metabolism immediately after the activity‐break period and on the following day, this study is a secondary analysis of an experimental research, which included 16 sedentary healthy adults (7 men, 24 ± 3 years, BMI 22.2 ± 2.3 kg/m2) who completed four 26‐h laboratory trials. Participants spent 22.5 hours in a whole room calorimeter for testing energy expenditure (EE), including a 9‐h activity‐break period: (a) 9‐h prolonged sitting (SIT); (b) 3 minutes of brisk walking (60% VO2max) in between every 30‐min sitting bout (WALK3), (c) 5 minutes every 45‐min (WALK5), and (d) 8 minutes every 60‐min (WALK8). Total area under the curve (tAUC) and incremental AUC (iAUC) for 2‐h postprandial serum triglyceride (TG) levels and non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels were examined immediately after the 9‐h trial (post‐dinner) and the next morning (post‐breakfast). WALK8 reduced the post‐breakfast TG tAUC by 11% (P = .041) relative to SIT, and the effect was attenuated after adjustment for EE. The tAUC and iAUC indicated no significant treatment effects on post‐dinner TG and NEFA, and post‐breakfast NEFA in any of the activity‐break trials. EE was positively associated with the post‐breakfast NEFA iAUC (unstandardized β = 0.17 µmol/L/MJ [0.05‐0.28],P = .006). There was a chronic effect of interrupting sitting with short bouts (8 minutes) of brisk walking every 60 minutes on postprandial lipemia the following morning after intervention, and higher activity bout‐induced EE may be more effective in sedentary, healthy adults.
Evaluation in reinforcing and resisting hierarchical relations between state and civil society
Authors: Pearce Sioned , Blakely Helen , Frayne David , Rees Jones Ian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHere we present a critical exploration of evaluation as a concept within a state‐led social policy programme. Studies critiquing this type of evaluation often assume its purpose is to provide knowledge and understanding of a given social policy, and its relative impact upon the social issue towards which it has been directed. However, drawing on the accounts of 25 community development workers gathered over the course of a 17 year state‐led, anti‐poverty programme (2001–2018), and building on existing critique of evaluation methodologies, we argue that evaluation is also instrumental in the reinforcement of hierarchical power relations between state and civil society. To develop this argument, evaluation is discussed in three related ways pertaining to hierarchy: (a) firstly, as a means of defining and ultimately producing (contested) constructions of value; (b) secondly, as a mechanism for securing forms of vertical accountability; (c) and finally, through its construction as a lost saviour: an entity with untapped potential for safeguarding the integrity of an initial political ideology. In this way, narratives from those working on the ground extend our understanding of the complexities and dualities embedded within evaluation. In light of this analysis, we argue for a more inclusive approach to evaluation practices, and the development of alternative heterarchies in the evaluation of social policy premised on processes of co‐production and collaboration.
Against the Low Periphery as Phrase Markers: Two Types of Contrastive Dislocations in Mandarin Chinese*
Authors: Wang Yuyun Iris , Liao Wei‐wen Roger 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe argue that the contrastive dislocation to the low peripheral position in Mandarin Chinese does not target phrase markers, like TopicP or FocusP, contra recent proposals that attempt to extend the cartographic theory to the lowIP‐area. We argue that such dislocations are best analyzed asPFmovements, which display the total reconstruction effect and do not affect theLFinterface. We show that the contrastive dislocation to the low periphery in Mandarin Chinese is subject to the samePFlicensing condition found in the Object Shift construction in Scandinavian. Our analysis thus claims that the low periphery is not a part of the narrow syntax (unlike the left periphery). The templatic nature of the low periphery explains why it is more restricted across languages and is prone to linguistic variation.
Medics Sleep: Improving sleep education in medical training
Authors: Imani‐Masouleh Sara , Mandagere Vinay K. , Irwin Caitlin D. , Patel Ritaben G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSleep is essential for good health however, it is often neglected in medical education. As four students wanting to tackle this unique problem, we realised the necessity of establishing a platform dedicated to teaching about sleep.
Diversity of variant alleles encoding Kidd, Duffy, and Kell antigens in individuals with sickle cell disease using whole genome sequencing data from the NHLBI TOPMed Program
Authors: Dinardo Carla L. , Oliveira Theo G. M. , Kelly Shannon , Ashley‐Koch Allison , Telen Marilyn , Schmidt Luciana C. , Castilho Shirley , Melo Karla , Dezan Marcia R. , Wheeler Marsha M. , Johnsen Jill M. , Nickerson Deborah A. , Jain Deepti , Custer Brian , Pereira Alexandre C. , Sabino Ester C. ,   for the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology Donor Evaluation Study (REDS‐III) International Component‐Brazil, the Outcome Modifying Genes in SCD (OMG) study and the NHLBI Trans‐Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Program Sickle Cell Disease Working Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundGenetic variants in the SLC14A1, ACKR1, and KEL genes, which encode Kidd, Duffy, and Kell red blood cell antigens, respectively, may result in weakened expression of antigens or a null phenotype. These variants are of particular interest to individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), who frequently undergo chronic transfusion therapy with antigen‐matched units. The goal was to describe the diversity and the frequency of variants in SLC14A1, ACKR1, and KEL genes among individuals with SCD using whole genome sequencing (WGS) data.Study Design and MethodsTwo large SCD cohorts were studied: the Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study III (REDS‐III) (n = 2634) and the Outcome Modifying Gene in SCD (OMG) (n = 640). Most of the studied individuals were of mixed origin. WGS was performed as part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Trans‐Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program.ResultsIn SLC14A1, variants included four encoding a weak Jka phenotype and five null alleles (JKnull). JKA*01N.09 was the most common JKnull. One possible JKnull mutation was novel: c.812G>T. In ACKR1, identified variants included two that predicted Fyx (FY*X) and one corresponding to the c.‐67T>C GATA mutation. The c.‐67T>C mutation was associated with FY*A (FY*01N.01) in four participants. FY*X was identified in 49 individuals. In KEL, identified variants included three null alleles (KEL*02N.17, KEL*02N.26, and KEL*02N.04) and one allele predicting Kmod phenotype, all in heterozygosity.ConclusionsWe described the diversity and distribution of SLC14A1, ACKR1, and KEL variants in two large SCD cohorts, comprising mostly individuals of mixed ancestry. This information may be useful for planning the transfusion support of patients with SCD.
Use of oclacitinib as antipruritic drug during sarcoptic mange infestation treatment
Authors: Cornegliani L , Guidi E , Vercelli A 
Published: November 2020

Sarcoptic mange is a parasitic disease causing severe pruritus, self‐induced skin lesions and secondary infections. In many cases, an antipruritic treatment is useful to decrease clinical signs of the disease. Oclacitinib is a synthetic janus kinase‐1 (JAK1) inhibitor, that selectively inhibits cytokines involved in inflammation and pruritus. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate efficacy of oclacitinib in alleviating pruritus and inflammation in dogs affected by scabies. Forty‐four clinical records of dogs containing the words sarcoptes and oclacitinib were selected among dermatologic cases recorded within the last 5 years (2014–2019). Thirty‐one of 44 cases with confirmed sarcoptic mange infestation were included. All dogs were treated at day (D)0 with systemic antiparasitic drugs (e.g. moxidectin, sarolaner, afoxolaner) in association with oclacitinib at 0.5 mg/kg by mouth every 12 hours for 14 days followed by oclacitinib administration every 24 hours for another 14 days. Visual Analogic Scale (VAS) was recorded at D0 and D30. Selected cases were 16 females and 15 males, median age was 4.5 years, majority were crossbred dogs. Mean VAS recorded at D0 was nine, and after onemonth decreased to three. Telephone follow up information, collected seven days after discharge, reported a significative decrease in pruritus within 24 hours. Our results suggest that the association of oclacitinib inhibition of JAK1 dependent cytokines (allergic and inflammatory associated IL2, IL4, IL6, IL13 and pruritogenic associated IL31) with conventional antiparasitic treatment, may be useful to provide quick relief from pruritus and decrease inflammation in dogs with sarcoptic mange.
Vulpia myuros, an increasing threat for agriculture
Authors: Büchi Lucie , Cordeau Stéphane , Hull Richard , Rodenburg Jonne 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVulpia myuros is an annual grass species of Mediterranean origin, which has achieved a global distribution. It is a fast‐growing species, with high colonisation and competitive abilities. This species is considered an invasive weed in most countries where it has been introduced, with highly negative economic impact where it now dominates. It is increasingly found to be a problematic weed in winter cereals, especially in no‐till and reduced tillage systems, across Europe, United States and Australia. Seeds of V. myuros have reduced germination potential when buried. However, where tillage interventions are reduced, ideal conditions for V. myuros are created. Minimum and no tillage practices are increasing worldwide, with a concomitant increase in the spread and abundance of V. myuros. Effectiveness of herbicides is mostly suboptimal, in particular for well‐established populations forming dense swards, even though no herbicide resistance has yet been identified. An integrated management approach, increasing crop diversification combined with management adaptations, possibly including herbicides is suggested as an effective control strategy. Despite increasing research on V. myuros, more information is needed to optimise the management of this weed. Based on the species’ Mediterranean origins and adaptation to warm and dry environments, an increase of its global importance may be expected with climate changes. It is thus paramount to increase the awareness around this species, improve its identification in the field and monitor its spread before it becomes a concern of similar magnitude to grass weeds like Alopecurus myosuroides or Lolium rigidum.
Pancreas preservation in extracellular‐type p38 inhibitor‐containing solution improves islet yield for porcine islet isolation
Authors: Yonaha Tasuku , Miyagi‐Shiohira Chika , Kuwae Kazuho , Tamaki Yoshihito , Nishime Kai , Sakai‐Yonaha Mayuko , Saitoh Issei , Watanabe Masami , Noguchi Hirofumi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundFor islet transplantation, pancreas preservation and islet isolation activate p38, which is a member of the stress‐activated group of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In this study, we evaluated an extracellular‐type p38 inhibitor‐containing (EP) solution with University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, the gold standard for organ preservation. The EP solution has high sodium‐low potassium composition with low viscosity compared to UW solution. Moreover, EP solution contains a recently developed p38 inhibitor (11R‐p38I110) from our laboratory.MethodsPorcine pancreata were preserved in UW, EP, or EP‐P solution (EP solution without 11R‐p38I110), and then islet isolation was performed. An optimized number (1500 IE) of isolated islets from each group were transplanted into streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice.ResultsThe islet yield before and after purification was significantly higher in the EP group than in the UW group. The islet yield before and after purification was not significantly different between the EP and EP‐P groups; however, the EP solution prevented a reduction in the number of islets during culture. Western blot analysis showed that p38 activation was attenuated by EP solution. For islet transplantation into streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice, pancreas preservation in EP solution improved the outcome of islet transplantation.ConclusionsPancreas preservation with EP solution preserved islet function better than with UW solution. The advantages of EP solution over UW solution may include the inhibition of p38 activity as well as the composition of the solution.
Zoonotic risk of Hansen's disease from community contact with wild armadillos: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Deps Patrícia , Antunes João Marcelo Azevedo de Paula , Collin Simon M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderstanding and quantifying the risk of Hansen's disease (HD) through zoonotic transmission ofMycobacterium lepraeinfection from wild armadillos is important because hunting, handling and consumption of these animals is widespread in communities where HD is endemic, posing a potential threat to the health of individuals and to HD elimination. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42019159891) of publications in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Scopus, LILACS, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações de CAPES, and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde up to 09/05/2020 using Mesh and text terms in English, Portuguese, Spanish and French. Random effects meta‐analyses were performed including of subgroups by endemicity and type of exposure. Seven of the nine included studies were case‐control, four from Brazil and three from the USA, comprising 1,124 cases and 2,023 controls in total. The other two studies, one from Brazil and one from Colombia, were cross‐sectional. The overall summary estimate (odds ratio, OR) for the relative odds of HD comparing people who had direct contact with armadillos and/or had eaten armadillo meat with those who had not was OR = 2.60 (95% CI 1.78–3.80,p < .001) with a predictive interval of OR = 1.10–6.17. Summary odds ratios for specific exposures were as follows: indirect contact, OR = 1.39 (95% CI 1.02, 1.89) (p = .04); eating, OR = 2.29 (95% CI 1.13, 4.66) (p = .02); hunting, OR = 2.54 (95% CI 1.21, 5.33) (p = .01). Most of the included studies had moderate risk of bias. Crude estimates were reduced by up to 24% when adjusted for confounders (where reported). Direct contact with wild armadillos was strongly associated with an increased risk of HD, whilst evidence for an increased risk of HD from indirect contact was weaker. The fraction of HD in endemic countries attributable to zoonotic transmission from armadillos remains unknown, but the precautionary principle needs to be adopted to protect public health.
Differences in demographics and outcomes based on method of consent for a randomised controlled trial on heat loss prevention in the delivery room
Authors: Vohra Sunita , Reilly Maureen , Rac Valeria E , Bhaloo Zafira , Zayak Denise , Wimmer John , Vincer Michael , Ferrelli Karla , Kiss Alex , Soll Roger , Dunn Michael 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveInformed consent is standard in research. International guidelines allow for research without prior consent in emergent situations, such as neonatal resuscitation. Research without prior consent was incorporated in the Vermont Oxford Network Heat Loss Prevention Trial. We evaluated whether significant differences in outcomes exist based on the consent method.DesignSubgroup analysis of infants enrolled in a randomised controlled trial conducted from 2004 to 2010.SettingA multicentre trial with 38 participating centres.ParticipantsInfants born 24–27 weeks of gestation. 3048 infants assessed, 2231 excluded due to fetal congenital anomalies, failure to obtain consent or gestation less than 24 weeks. 817 randomised, 4 withdrew consent, total of 813 analysed.Main outcome measureThe difference in mortality between consent groups.ResultsNo significant differences were found in mortality at 36 weeks (80.2%, 77.4%, p=0.492) or 6 months corrected gestational age (80.7%, 79.7%, p=0.765). Infants enrolled after informed consent were more likely to have mothers who had received antenatal steroids (95.2%, 84.0%, p<0.0001). They also had significantly higher Apgar scores at 1 (5.0, 4.4, p=0.019), 5 (7.3, 6.7, p=0.025) and 10 min (7.5, 6.3, p=0.0003).Conclusions and relevanceResearch without prior consent resulted in the inclusion of infants with different baseline characteristics than those enrolled after informed consent. There were no significant differences in mortality. Significantly higher Apgar scores in the informed consent group suggest that some of the sicker infants would have been excluded from enrolment under informed consent. Research without prior consent should be considered in neonatal resuscitation research.
Development and evaluation of a patient-centered quality indicator for the appropriateness of type 2 diabetes management
Authors: McCoy Rozalina G , Lipska Kasia J , Van Houten Holly K , Shah Nilay D 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionCurrent diabetes quality measures are agnostic to patient clinical complexity and type of treatment required to achieve it. Our objective was to introduce a patient-centered indicator of appropriate diabetes therapy indicator (ADTI), designed for patients with type 2 diabetes, which is based on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) but is also contextualized by patient complexity and treatment intensity.Research design and methodsA draft indicator was iteratively refined by a multidisciplinary Delphi panel using existing quality measures, guidelines, and published literature. ADTI performance was then assessed using OptumLabs Data Warehouse data for 2015. Included adults (n=206 279) with type 2 diabetes were categorized as clinically complex based on comorbidities, then categorized as treated appropriately, overtreated, or undertreated based on a matrix of clinical complexity, HbA1c level, and medications used. Associations between ADTI and emergency department/hospital visits for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia were assessed by calculating event rates for each treatment intensity subset.ResultsOverall, 7.4% of patients with type 2 diabetes were overtreated and 21.1% were undertreated. Patients with high complexity were more likely to be overtreated (OR 5.60, 95% CI 5.37 to 5.83) and less likely to be undertreated (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.68) than patients with low complexity. Overtreated patients had higher rates of hypoglycemia than appropriately treated patients (22.0 vs 6.2 per 1000 people/year), whereas undertreated patients had higher rates of hyperglycemia (8.4 vs 1.9 per 1000 people/year).ConclusionsThe ADTI may facilitate timely, patient-centered treatment intensification/deintensification with the goal of achieving safer evidence-based care.