bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parameters of reported childhood sexual abuse and assault in adolescents and adults with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Temes Christina M. , Magni Laura R. , Aguirre Blaise A. , Goodman Marianne , Ridolfi Maria Elena , Zanarini Mary C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivePrior research has demonstrated a link between childhood sexual abuse and borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adolescents and adults and has indicated that more severe abuse is related to poorer psychosocial functioning. The present study describes the overall severity of sexual abuse/assault in adolescents and adults with BPD and compares both groups on specific parameters of abusive and assaultive experiences.MethodsParticipants included 104 adolescent (aged 13–17 years) inpatients with BPD and 290 adult inpatients with BPD. All participants completed two interviews that assessed the presence and severity of sexual abuse/assault.ResultsOf the studied patients with BPD, 26.0% of adolescents and 62.4% of adults reported a childhood history of sexual abuse/assault before the age of 18. Adults had higher scores on an index of sexual abuse severity than adolescents, and a higher proportion of adults reported scores in the severe range. Adults with BPD were also more likely than adolescents to report having experienced sexual abuse/assault that occurred at multiple developmental stages, was frequent (i.e. weekly basis or more), was longer in duration (i.e. a year or more) and was perpetrated by a parent. The groups did not differ on other parameters.ConclusionsTaken together, these results suggest that adults with BPD are more likely to report childhood sexual abuse/assault than adolescents with BPD. Additionally, adults report histories of sexual abuse/assault that are more severe than adolescents with BPD, with specific differences observed in timing, frequency, duration and perpetrator. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid Biopsy Based Single‐Cell Transcriptome Profiling Characterizes Heterogeneity of Disseminated Tumor Cells from Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Dong Yu , Wang Zhuo , Shi Qihui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe advent of rapid and inexpensive sequencing technology allows scientists to decipher intra‐tumor heterogeneity spatially and temporally for resolving the evolutionary history of tumor and the underlying mechanism. However, studies on characterizing heterogeneity of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in liquid biopsies are rare because of the rarity and low viability of DTCs as well as a large number of non‐tumor cells. Here, high‐throughput single‐cell transcriptome sequencing technology and rare DTC enrichment method are employed to decipher the heterogeneity and distinct molecular signatures of DTCs in malignant pleural effusion (MPE) from lung adenocarcinoma. Single‐cell transcriptomes of 8213 MPE‐derived cells are acquired for bioinformatics analysis. In these cells from MPE, five main cell populations including tumor, mesothelial, monocyte, T and B cells are identified with specific markers for each group. Tumor cells present in MPE are further divided into four distinct subgroups that are found to be associated with immune response, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell adhesion, respectively. Based on the single‐cell dataset of MPE‐derived DTCs, 19 tumor‐specific markers are identified that are also highly expressed at RNA and protein levels in tumor tissues as candidate markers for detection of extraordinarily rare circulating tumor cells in the blood.
Assessing the lifetime performance index for Kumaraswamy distribution under first‐failure progressive censoring scheme for ball bearing revolutions
Authors: Abd El‐Monsef Mohamed Mohamed Ezzat , Hassanein Wafaa Anwar Abd El‐Latif 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFirst‐failure progressive censoring schemes have potential usefulness in practice where budget constraints in place or there is a necessary for speedy test. To test the process capability, the lifetime performance index CL is widely recommended for evaluating the performance of the products lifetime. This paper is devoted to construct the maximum likelihood estimator of the lifetime performance index CL and the hypothesis testing technique for implementing CL under first‐failure progressive censoring sample from Kumaraswamy population. Finally, to illustrate the potentiality of the proposed procedure, two real engineering applications and a simulated example are given.
On monitoring the process mean of autocorrelated observations with measurement errors using the w‐of‐w runs‐rules scheme
Authors: Shongwe Sandile C. , Malela‐Majika Jean‐Claude , Castagliola Philippe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRuns‐rules have been widely used since the 1950s in industrial and nonindustrial process monitoring applications to improve the performance of basic and other traditional monitoring schemes. However, none of the studies on runs‐rules have accounted for a process with a combined effect of measurement errors and autocorrelation. Hence, in this paper, the use of the w‐of‐w runs‐rules to improve the performance of the Shewhart
scheme using an additive model with a constant variance and a first‐order autoregressive model is proposed. To reduce the combined negative effect of measurement errors and autocorrelation, we implement a sampling strategy based on rational subgroups in which (a) multiple measurements per item are taken (instead of a standard single measurement) and (b) non‐neighboring observations are gathered. Moreover, the latter sampling strategy is incorporated into the values of probability elements of a Markov chain matrix which is used to derive some closed‐form expressions for the zero‐ and steady‐state run‐length distribution. The main finding of this study is that, with respect to some overall performance measures, the proposed scheme outperforms the existing Shewhart
scheme by a significant margin. A real‐life example is used to illustrate the practical implementation of the proposed scheme.
Templateless Synthesis of Ultra‐Microporous 3D Graphitic Carbon from Cyclodextrins and Their Use as Selective Catalyst for Oxygen Activation
Authors: Rendón‐Patiño Alejandra , Santiago‐Portillo Andrea , Vallés‐Garcia Cristina , Palomino Miguel , Navalón Sergio , Franconetti Antonio , Primo Ana , Garcia Hermenegildo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPyrolysis of α‐, β‐, and γ‐cyclodextrins at 900 °C gives rise to the formation of crystalline graphitic porous nanoparticles (GCD), where the dimensions of the pores are uniform in the range from 0.63 to 0.97 nm, from Gα‐CD to Gγ‐CD, as determined by transmission electron microscopy. It is found that, while for Gβ‐CD and Gγ‐CD, the surface area measured by N2 adsorption is about 330–550 m2 g−1, respectively, no area can be measured for Gα‐CD with N2 or Ar due to its small pore dimensions. However, CO2 adsorption reveals for Gα‐CD the presence of ultra‐microporosity and a surface area of 727 m2 g−1. GCD exhibits activity as metal‐free catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols and the activity increases as the pore dimension decreases. Density functional theory calculations indicate that this high catalytic activity for O2 activation derives from confinement effects that favor charge transfer from the graphitic walls to O2. Studies on the formation mechanism shows that the key step leading to the formation of the channels is the melting of cyclodextrin precursors that makes possible the assembly of these capsules before their transformation into microporous graphitic particles.
Weak Makes It Powerful: The Role of Cognate Small Molecules as an Alloy Donor in 2D/1A Ternary Fullerene Solar Cells for Finely Tuned Hierarchical Morphology in Thick Active Layers
Authors: Fan Qunping , Liu Tao , Zhang Ming , Su Wenyan , Méndez‐Romero Ulises A. , Yang Tao , Geng Xinjian , Hou Lintao , Yu Donghong , Liu Feng , Yan He , Wang Ergang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHerein, a novel small molecule donor is first developed, FSM6, which is a cognate molecule to BTR possessing similar molecular structure with comparable optical absorption but different crystallinity. The efficient fullerene‐type ternary small molecular solar cells (SMSCs) based on an alloy donor of BTR and FSM6 in a thick film of 250 nm reveal the improved hierarchical phase separation morphology and molecular structural order of ternary active layers with improved crystallinity of the key donor component BTR. Furthermore, FSM6 as the key third component also plays a role of charge transfer accelerator in ternary SMSCs. As a result, the optimal ternary SMSCs based on BTR:FSM6:PC71BM achieve a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 10.21% with the synergistically improved open‐circuit voltage of 0.950 V, short‐circuit current density of 13.85 mA cm−2, and fill factor of 77.6%, in comparison with either the binary SMSCs of BTR:PC71BM (PCE = 9.37%) or FSM6:PC71BM (PCE = 8.00%). This work provides a promising methodology to optimize device morphology for high‐performance ternary SMSCs by combining two cognate small molecules with similar absorption spectra but different crystallinity as an alloy donor.
Resistance of corroded RC beams: Extending fib Model Code 2010 models
Authors: Coronelli Dario 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe residual resistance of corroded reinforced concrete members depends on steel and concrete cross section loss and deterioration of material properties for steel, concrete, and bond. The paper considers these phenomena in models for resistance calculations, starting from the cross section and stress field models in Model Code 2010. The aim of this study is to develop models proposed by Coronelli et al., using a recently proposed approach by Blomfors et al. to model bond of corroded reinforcement based on the Model Code 2010 bond stress–slip relation. Flexure, shear, and anchorage resistance of corroded reinforced concrete beams are studied. The verification is carried out by comparison with tests on corroded beams with different shear span‐to‐depth ratios. The bond deterioration leads to changes in the inclination of the stress fields in B regions and anchorage failures. The reduced resistance and the changes of the failure modes caused by the deterioration phenomena are captured by the modeling approach.
Physical virology: From virus self‐assembly to particle mechanics
Authors: Buzón Pedro , Maity Sourav , Roos Wouter H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractViruses are highly ordered supramolecular complexes that have evolved to propagate by hijacking the host cell's machinery. Although viruses are very diverse, spreading through cells of all kingdoms of life, they share common functions and properties. Next to the general interest in virology, fundamental viral mechanisms are of growing importance in other disciplines such as biomedicine and (bio)nanotechnology. However, in order to optimally make use of viruses and virus‐like particles, for instance as vehicle for targeted drug delivery or as building blocks in electronics, it is essential to understand their basic chemical and physical properties and characteristics. In this context, the number of studies addressing the mechanisms governing viral properties and processes has recently grown drastically. This review summarizes a specific part of these scientific achievements, particularly addressing physical virology approaches aimed to understand the self‐assembly of viruses and the mechanical properties of viral particles. Using a physicochemical perspective, we have focused on fundamental studies providing an overview of the molecular basis governing these key aspects of viral systems.This article is categorized under:
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based Structures
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Application of the new at-column dilution (ACD) modulator for the two-dimensional RP×HILIC analysis of Buddleja davidii
Authors: Chen Yingzhuang , Montero Lidia , Luo Jiang , Li Junjie , Schmitz Oliver J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe focus of this study was the analysis of the complex chemical composition from different parts of Buddleja davidii, whose species are commonly known as ornamental plants and herbal medicines in many countries. As an herbal medicine, it has been utilized for stroke treatments, headache, wound healing, neurological disorder, etc. However, the understanding of its chemical matrices is still insufficient. Therefore, an online two-dimensional reversed phase liquid chromatography x hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (RPLCxHILIC) system coupled with mass spectrometry was applied for further detailed investigation of the chemical constituents in Buddleja dividii. In this two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) method, a new at-column dilution (ACD) modulator was introduced in the 2D-LC system to solve the incompatibility problem of the mobile phase between two dimensions, which resulted in a 2D-LC analysis with high orthogonality. For the root extract, as one of the analyzed samples, the optimization of the 1D and 2D gradients was carried out carefully. With this new modulator, much better peak separation and better peak shape were achieved compared to two-dimensional liquid chromatography system using a traditional standard (TS) modulator. With a similar approach, the other four parts of Buddleja davidii were well separated. Comparing the different analyzed parts, flowers and leaves showed the most complex profiles. MS and MS/MS data were obtained successfully, which demonstrated the potential of the proposed RPLCxHILIC-MS system in the constituents’ analysis of herbal medicine. However, due to the lack of reported reference information, 24 compounds could be tentatively identified.
Comparison Between Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy and Conventional Treatment for Leakage After Rectal Resection
Authors: Kühn Florian , Janisch Florian , Schwandner Frank , Gock Michael , Wedermann Nicole , Witte Maria , Klar Ernst , Schiffmann Leif 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnastomotic leakage after rectal resection represents a severe complication for the patient and requires an early and appropriate management. Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) has become the treatment of choice for anastomotic leakage after rectal resection in several institutions in Germany, and commercially available systems are currently distributed in approximately 30 countries worldwide. However, there is no evidence that EVT is superior to any other treatment for anastomotic leakage after rectal resection.MethodsTwenty‐one patients treated with EVT for anastomotic leakage after rectal resection were retrospectively compared to a historical cohort of 41 patients that received conventional treatment. Primary endpoints were death, treatment success and long‐term preservation of intestinal continuity. Secondary endpoints were length of hospital stay and duration of treatment.ResultsThere was no difference in mortality (p = 0.624). The intention‐to‐treat analysis showed a significantly higher success rate of EVT compared to conventional treatment (95.2% vs. 65.9%, p = 0.011). EVT was associated with preservation of intestinal continuity in a significant higher percentage of patients than patients undergoing conventional treatment (86.7% vs. 37.5%, p = 0.001). Conventional treatment tended to a shorter length of hospital stay (31.1 vs. 42.2 days, p = 0.066) but with no difference in overall duration of treatment. Time until closing of a diverting stoma did not differ between groups (10.2 months in the EVT group vs. 9.4 months in the conventional treatment group, p = 0.721).ConclusionAccording to this retrospective study, conventional therapy and EVT are both options for the treatment of anastomotic leakage after rectal resection. EVT might be more effective in terms of definite healing and preservation of intestinal continuity.
Determinism, Physical Possibility, and Laws of Nature
Authors: Gyenis Balázs 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe call attention to different formulations of how physical laws relate to what is physically possible in the philosophical literature, and argue that it may be the case that determinism fails under one formulation but reigns under the other. Whether this is so depends on our view on the nature of laws, and may also depend on the inter-theoretical relationships among our best physical theories, or so shall we argue.
The Cultural Politics of ‘Implementation Science’
Authors: Boulton Richard , Sandall Jane , Sevdalis Nick 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite the growing profile of ‘implementation science’, its status as a field of study remains ambiguous. Implementation science originates in the evidence-based movement and attempts to broaden the scope of evidence-based medicine to improve ‘clinical effectiveness’ and close the ‘implementation gap’. To achieve this agenda, implementation science draws on methodologies from the social sciences to emphasise coherence between qualitative and quantitative approaches. In so doing, we ask if this is at the expense of ignoring the dominating tendencies of the evidence-based movement and consider if some of the methodologies being drawn on should be considered irreconcilable with evidence-based methodologies.
An Upscaled Model for Permeable Biofilm in a Thin Channel and Tube
Authors: Landa-Marbán David , Bødtker Gunhild , Kumar Kundan , Pop Iuliu S. , Radu Florin A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we derive upscaled equations for modeling biofilm growth in porous media. The resulting macroscale mathematical models consider permeable multi-species biofilm including water flow, transport, detachment and reactions. The biofilm is composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), water, active bacteria and dead bacteria. The free flow is described by the Stokes and continuity equations, and the water flux inside the biofilm by the Brinkman and continuity equations. The nutrients are transported in the water phase by convection and diffusion. This pore-scale model includes variations in the biofilm composition and size due to reproduction of bacteria, production of EPS, death of bacteria and shear forces. The model includes a water–biofilm interface between the free flow and the biofilm. Homogenization techniques are applied to obtain upscaled models in a thin channel and a tube, by investigating the limit as the ratio of the aperture to the length $$\varepsilon$$ε of both geometries approaches to zero. As $$\varepsilon$$ε gets smaller, we obtain that the percentage of biofilm coverage area over time predicted by the pore-scale model approaches the one obtained using the effective equations, which shows a correspondence between both models. The two derived porosity–permeability relations are compared to two empirical relations from the literature. The resulting numerical computations are presented to compare the outcome of the effective (upscaled) models for the two mentioned geometries.
Objects and Events: an Investigation into their Identification
Authors: Baratella Riccardo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractJohn goes out for a walk. If John endures and his walk perdures, they are different entities. However, what if both John and his walk perdure? Is John’s walk identical to his relevant temporal part? Some philosophers answer in the affirmative. Their motivations rest on ontological parsimony and the quest for clear-cut identity criteria for existing things. By contrast, one of the most widely accepted theories of events – the theory of events as property-exemplifications – allows us to formulate an argument to the effect that objects’ temporal parts are distinct from the events they participate in: theAIDargument, as I shall call it. In this paper, I argue that accepting austere nominalism is the best strategy a supporter of the identification between events and temporal parts of objects can take in order to resist theAIDargument.
Detection of Damaged Stop Lines on Public Roads by Focusing on Piece Distribution of Paired Edges
Authors: Ito Takuma , Tohriyama Kyoichi , Kamata Minoru 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, a system for detecting stop lines on roads with damaged paint is developed to enhance a digital map localization system. Existing methods to detect stop lines focus on features such as straight edges and adequate size; however, these methods are not suitable to be used in rural areas because the paint of stop lines on the roads is damaged sometimes. In addition, lane marks, which are focused on by other existing methods, are often not present on actual roads in rural areas. Thus, to enable the detection of stop lines in the absence of conditions necessary for using the abovementioned features, we focus on pieces of faint features of damaged stop lines. First, we extract the positive and negative edges from an inverse perspective mapped image of the camera input by using a Sobel filter. Next, we verify the pairs of positive and negative edges from the trinarized edge image by confirming the width between both edges. Subsequently, we detect the candidates of stop lines by analyzing the distribution of the line segments extracted by the Hough transformation. In addition, we combine the data of the estimated driving distance and the result of detection of the preceding vehicles with the proposed system to prevent false detections in terms of bicycle crossing lanes and preceding vehicles. The damaged stop lines are detected eventually using these processes. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we collect driving data on actual public roads. The results of offline evaluations confirm that the proposed system can detect all target stop lines without any false detections, at a reasonable speed. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the realization of intelligent vehicles on community roads.