bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in clinical decision‐making for ventricular assist device implantation in pediatrics
Authors: Joong Anna , Gossett Jeffrey G. , Blume Elizabeth D. , Thrush Philip , Pahl Elfriede , Mongé Michael C. , Backer Carl L. , Patel Angira 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMinimal data exist on clinical decision‐making in VAD implantation in pediatrics. This study aims to identify areas of consensus/variability among pediatric VAD physicians in determining eligibility and factors that guide decision‐making.MethodsAn 88‐item survey with clinical vignettes was sent to 132 pediatric HT cardiologists and surgeons at 37 centers. Summary statistics are presented for the variables assessed.ResultsTotal respondents were 65 (72% cardiologists, 28% surgeons) whose centers implanted 1‐5 (34%), 6‐10 (40%), or >10 (26%) VADs in the past year. Consensus varied by patients’ age, diagnosis, and Pedimacs profile. Highest agreement to offer VAD (97%) was a mechanically ventilated teenager with dilated cardiomyopathy. Patients stable on inotropes were less likely offered VAD (11%‐25%). SV infant with Pedimacs profile 2 had the most varied responses: 37% offered VAD; estimated survival ranged from 15% to 90%. Variables considered for VAD eligibility included mild developmental delays (100% offered VAD), moderate‐severe behavioral concerns (46%), cancer in remission >2 years (100%), active malignancy with good prognosis (68%) or uncertain prognosis (36%), and BMI >35 (74%) or <15 (69%). Most respondents (91%) would consider destination therapy VADs in pediatrics, though not currently feasible at 1/3 of centers. Factors with greatest influence on decision‐making included HT candidacy, families’ goals of care, and risks of complications.ConclusionsSignificant variation exists among pediatric VAD physicians when determining VAD eligibility and estimating survival, which can lead to differences in access to emerging technologies across institutions. Further work is needed to understand and mitigate these differences.
A Health Economic Analysis for Oral Poliovirus Vaccine to Prevent COVID‐19 in the United States
Authors: Thompson Kimberly M. , Kalkowska Dominika A. , Badizadegan Kamran 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCOVID‐19 led to a recent high‐profile proposal to reintroduce oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in the United States (U.S.), initially in clinical trials, but potentially for widespread and repeated use. We explore logistical challenges related to U.S. OPV administration in 2020, review the literature related to nonspecific effects of OPV to induce innate immunity, and model the health and economic implications of the proposal. The costs of reintroducing a single OPV dose to 331 million Americans would exceed $4.4 billion. Giving a dose of bivalent OPV to the entire U.S. population would lead to an expected 40 identifiable cases of vaccine‐associated paralytic polio, with young Americans at the highest risk. Reintroducing any OPV use in the U.S. poses a risk of restarting transmission of OPV‐related viruses and could lead to new infections in immunocompromised individuals with B‐cell related primary immunodeficiencies that could lead to later cases of paralysis. Due to the lack of a currently licensed OPV in the U.S., the decision to administer OPV to Americans for nonspecific immunological effects would require purchasing limited global OPV supplies that could impact polio eradication efforts. Health economic modeling suggests no role for reintroducing OPV into the U.S. with respect to responding to COVID‐19. Countries that currently use OPV experience fundamentally different risks, costs, and benefits than the U.S. Successful global polio eradication will depend on sufficient OPV supplies, achieving and maintaining high OPV coverage in OPV‐using countries, and effective global OPV cessation and containment in all countries, including the U.S.
Intra‐ and inter‐evaluator reliability of the MyotonPRO for the assessment of the viscoelastic properties of caesarean section scar and unscarred skin
Authors: Gilbert Isabelle , Gaudreault Nathalie , Gaboury Isabelle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical evaluation of viscoelastic properties of the Caesarean section (C‐section) scar, such as stiffness and elasticity, is usually carried out using subjective scales and palpation techniques. There is currently no reliable and valid tool that objectively quantifies these properties. The MyotonPRO could fill this gap.Materials and MethodsNineteen healthy women aged between 21 and 40 years with C‐section scars participated in this reliability study. Two points, one on the scar and one on unscarred skin, were measured four times successively with the MyotonPRO by three independent evaluators on the same day. The intra‐class correlation (ICC) coefficients were estimated using a two‐factor ANOVA to determine the inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability. The capacity of the MyotonPRO to discriminate the viscoelastic properties of the C‐Section scar against unscarred skin was assessed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.ResultsThe intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability of the viscoelastic property measurements was good to excellent (ICC 0.99‐1.00 and 0.87‐0.98, respectively). There was no significant difference between C‐section scar and unscarred skin in terms of elasticity (P = .737). Significant differences between C‐section scars and unscarred skin tissue were observed for tone (P < .001), stiffness (P < .001), creep (P < .001), and mechanical stress relaxation time (P < .001).ConclusionThe MyotonPRO is a reliable tool for an objective measurement of the viscoelastic properties of the C‐section scar and unscarred skin. The MyotonPRO can discriminate the viscoelastic properties of the C‐section scar against the unscarred skin, for tone, stiffness, creep and relaxation times, but not for elasticity.
Sewage sludge biochar increases nitrogen fertilizer recovery: Evidence from a 15N tracer field study
Authors: Figueiredo Cícero Célio de , Wickert Éllen Griza , Vieira Neves Helen Cristina , Coser Thais Rodrigues , Paz‐Ferreiro Jorge 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSewage sludge‐derived biochar (SSBC) could improve nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) and reduce the use of mineral N fertilizers in agriculture. However, information on the residual effect (after stopping amendment) of SSBC on NUE is scarce, but necessary, to evaluate how often biochar should be applied to agricultural crops. In this study, the residual effect of SSBC produced at different temperatures on NUE of corn, by using the 15N isotope tracer, was investigated. The following treatments were assessed in a tropical field study carried out for four years: (a) MF—mineral fertilizer application with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK); (b) MF + SSBC produced at 300°C (B3 + MF); and (c) MF + SSBC produced at 500°C (B5 + MF). The contents of soil total N (TN), N in corn derived from the soil (NDS) and from mineral fertilizer (NDMF) were determined. In addition, the N‐fertilizer recovery efficiency (NFRE) in the corn grains and straw was evaluated. Application of SSBC increased N uptake by corn from both the fertilizer (NDMF) and the soil (NDS). All treatments presented similar grain yields. On average, the plants took up N predominantly from soil (88.5 kg ha‒1 in straw; 68.7 kg ha‒1 in grains) compared with mineral fertilizer (51.9 kg ha‒1 in straw; 62.3 kg ha‒1 in grains). Results of the current study indicate that SSBC is able to improve the N use efficiency, even two years after amendment, and consequently, it may reduce the use of mineral fertilizers in agriculture.
A multiphase flux balance model reveals flexibility of central carbon metabolism in guard cells of C3 plants
Authors: Tan X. L. Joshua , Cheung C. Y. Maurice 
Published: October 2020

SummaryExperimental research into guard cell metabolism has revealed the roles of the accumulation of various metabolites in guard cell function, but a comprehensive understanding of their metabolism over the diel cycle is still incomplete due to the limitations of current experimental methods. In this study we constructed a four‐phase flux balance model of guard cell metabolism to investigate the changes in guard cell metabolism over the diel cycle, including the day and night and stomatal opening and closing. Our model predicted metabolic flexibility in guard cells of C3 plants, showing that multiple metabolic processes can contribute to the synthesis and metabolism of malate and sucrose as osmolytes during stomatal opening and closing. Our model showed the possibility of guard cells adapting to varying light availability and sucrose uptake from the apoplast during the day by operating in a mixotrophic mode with a switch between sucrose synthesis via the Calvin–Benson cycle and sucrose degradation via the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. During stomatal opening, our model predicted an alternative flux mode of the Calvin–Benson cycle with all dephosphorylating steps diverted to diphosphate–fructose‐6‐phosphate 1‐phosphotransferase to produce inorganic pyrophosphate, which is used to pump protons across the tonoplast for the accumulation of osmolytes. An analysis of the energetics of the use of different osmolytes in guard cells showed that malate and Cl− are similarly efficient as the counterion of K+ during stomatal opening.
Neoxanthin affects the stability of the C2S2M2‐type photosystem II supercomplexes and the kinetics of state transition in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tu Wenfeng , Wu Lishuan , Zhang Chunyan , Sun Ruixue , Wang Liangsheng , Yang Wenqiang , Yang Chunhong , Liu Cheng 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYNeoxanthin (Neo), which is only bound to the peripheral antenna proteins of photosystem (PS) II, is a conserved carotenoid in all green plants. It has been demonstrated that Neo plays an important role in photoprotection and its deficiency fails to impact LHCII stability in vitro and indoor plant growth in vivo. Whether Neo is involved in maintaining the PSII complex structure or adaptive mechanisms for the everchanging environment has not yet been elucidated. In this study, the role of Neo in maintaining the structure and function of the PSII‐LHCII supercomplexes was studied using Neo deficient Arabidopsis mutants. Our results show that Neo deficiency had little effect on the electron transport capacity and the plant fitness, but the PSII‐LHCII supercomplexes were significantly impacted by the lack of Neo. In the absence of Neo, the M‐type LHCII trimer cannot effectively associate with the C2S2‐type PSII‐LHCII supercomplexes even in moderate light conditions. Interestingly, Neo deficiency also leads to decreased PSII protein phosphorylation but rapid transition from state 1 to state 2. We suggest that Neo might enforce the interactions between LHCII and the minor antennas and that the absence of Neo makes M‐type LHCII disassociate from the PSII complex, leading to the disassembly of the PSII‐LHCII C2S2M2 supercomplexes, which results in alterations in the phosphorylation patterns of the thylakoid photosynthetic proteins and the kinetics of state transition.
Hypokalemia associated with topical administration of dorzolamide 2% ophthalmic solution in cats
Authors: Czepiel Tara M. , Wasserman Neal T 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of dorzolamide 2% ophthalmic solution on serum potassium and other hematologic parameters in cats.Materials and methodsPart I: Medical records from a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria consisted of cats diagnosed with glaucoma for which appropriate clinicopathological data were available both prior to and after the initiation of therapy with dorzolamide 2% ophthalmic solution. Part II: Healthy adult cats were enrolled in a prospective double‐masked, randomized, cross‐over study. Either dorzolamide 2% ophthalmic solution or placebo was administered OU t.i.d. for 6 weeks. Serum potassium, sodium, chloride, glucose, ALP, and ALT levels were assessed every 2 weeks. After a 2‐week washout period, each cat was given the opposite topical preparation, and the study process was repeated.ResultsPart I: Of the twenty‐seven eligible cases, hypokalemia developed in 29.6% (n = 8). While female spayed cats were significantly more likely to become hypokalemic, serum potassium was not significantly affected by age, weight, dosing frequency, or number of eyes treated. Part II: Ten cats participated in the study. Potassium values were significantly lower in cats receiving dorzolamide 2% ophthalmic solution compared to placebo at each time point throughout the 6‐week study period. Additionally, chloride values were significantly greater in the treatment group at week two and four compared to the placebo group.ConclusionsAdministration of dorzolamide 2% ophthalmic solution has a measurable effect on serum potassium level in cats and may result in clinical hypokalemia. Therefore, routine electrolyte monitoring is advised for feline patients receiving this medication.
Feasibility of thoracoscopic attenuation of the azygos vein as a model for portoazygos shunts: A canine cadaveric study
Authors: Carroll Kenneth A. , Dickson Rachel E. , Scharf Valery F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of thoracoscopic placement of three vascular attenuation devices by using the azygos vein as a model for portoazygos (PA) shunts and to describe the approach for thoracoscopic placement of these attenuation devices in small breed dogs.Study designRandomized, prospective, cadaveric study.AnimalsCadavers of 10 adult small breed dogs.MethodsCadavers were placed in sternal recumbency with left dorsolateral obliquity, and three thoracoscopic ports were established in the right hemithorax at the mid‐10th intercostal space and dorsal third of the ninth and 11th intercostal spaces. The caudal azygos vein was thoracoscopically isolated along three adjacent segments bordered by four intercostal arteries, beginning just cranial to the first intercostal artery visualized cranial to the diaphragm. Three attenuation devices including coated cellophane, uncoated cellophane, and a 5‐mm ameroid constrictor were thoracoscopically placed around one segment in each dog. Minor port access modifications were required to improve working space and triangulation in three dogs. Ability to successfully place the device, time required for placement, endoscopic clip configuration, and complications associated with placement were recorded.ResultsMedian dog weight was 7.7 kg (range, 1.8‐11). All attenuation devices were successfully placed thoracoscopically in all cadavers. No difference was detected in time required for placement between the ameroid constrictor and coated and uncoated cellophane (range, 2.3‐33.8 minutes, P = .8).ConclusionAmeroid constrictors and thin film bands were consistently placed via thoracoscopy around the caudal azygos vein of small breed dogs.Clinical significanceThese results justify further investigation of thoracoscopic PA shunt attenuation in affected dogs.
Prehabilitation before elective coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Olsen Dorte Baek , Pedersen Preben U. , Noergaard Marianne Wetendorff 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to identify and map existing preoperative interventions, referred to as prehabilitation, in adult patients at home awaiting coronary bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. This scoping review also seeks to examine the feasibility and patient experiences in order to inform clinical practice and underpin a future systematic review.

Introduction:
As patients age, comorbidities become more common. Strategies to improve postoperative outcomes and to accelerate recovery are required in patients undergoing CABG. Prehabilitation refers to a proactive process of increasing functional capacity before surgery to improve the patient's capacity to withstand upcoming physiologic stress and thus avoid postoperative complications.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will consider any studies including adult patients at home awaiting CABG surgery. Studies will provide information on any prehabilitation intervention to optimize preoperative physical and psychological health status. Studies conducted in any setting will be included.

Methods:
The methodology will follow the JBI recommendations for scoping reviews. Any published or unpublished source of information will be considered. Studies published in English, German, Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian will be included, with no geographical or cultural limitations. Retrieved papers will be screened by two independent reviewers, and a standardized tool will be used to extract data from each included source. The results will be presented as a map of the data extracted in a tabular form together with a narrative summary to provide a description of the existing evidence.
Breastfeeding experiences among mothers living with food insecurity in high resource, Western countries: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Sim Sarah Meaghan , Rothfus Melissa , Aston Megan , Kirk Sara F.L. , Frank Lesley , Jefferies Keisha , Macdonald Marilyn 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objectives of this review are to identify, appraise, and synthesize the qualitative evidence on the breastfeeding experiences of mothers living with food insecurity in high-resource, Western countries.

Introduction:
Breastfeeding and food insecurity are inter-related health issues. Globally, breastfeeding augments food security at individual, household, and community levels, but a growing body of evidence from high-resourced countries also suggests that a mother's breastfeeding practice may be negatively impacted by the additional experience of food insecurity. This protocol outlines a systematic approach to understanding the experiences of breastfeeding from the perspective of mothers living with food insecurity. Findings will provide much-needed evidence toward guiding policies and practices that support mothers to breastfeed.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will consider studies that explore the breastfeeding experiences of mothers aged 18 years and older who self-identify, or are classified using a screening tool, as food insecure. Papers that will be included in this review will consider all qualitative methodologies and will be limited to studies from countries identified as being within the United Nations classification of Western European and Other States Group (WEOG).

Methods:
The authors will conduct a three-step search process across both published and gray literature to identify relevant studies for inclusion. A preliminary search using the PubMed database was undertaken in January 2020. Studies published in English from 1981 to 2020 will be included. The recommended JBI methodology for qualitative systematic review for study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, and data synthesis will be followed.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020183652
Development of the Functional Gradient Turbine Wheel With Cooled Blades Without Lock Connection
Authors: Magerramova Liubov , Volkov Michael , Salnikov Anton , Kratt Eugene 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The blisk design of the wheel with cooled blades is developed on the basis of the turbine wheel with a detachable connection of the blades with the disk. The blades of the blisk are produced from casting heat-resistant nickel alloy. The disk portion is created from granulated alloy with different grain sizes along the disk radius. The system of supplying cooling air in the blades of the wheel is developed. The technology of manufacturing a disk consisting of granules of various sizes and technology of connection of a disk with cooled cast blades is developed. To determine the mechanical characteristics of the zones of connection of dissimilar materials, samples were tested. Multiparameter optimization of the blisk was carried out. The mass of the designed wheel was reduced by more than 40% compared to the original wheel with lock connection when the strength and service life conditions were satisfied.
Review of Aerospace Actuator Technology
Authors: Li Wending , Shi Guanglin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Actuator systems are widely used in rockets, missiles, airplanes, and other aerospace vehicles for the attitude control of aerospace. The application of high-performance actuators is crucial in improving the maneuverability and rapidity of aerospace. To promote the development of aerospace actuator technology, the main trend of actuator technology development is proposed, and a comprehensive summary of actuator systems is given. First, the application and function of an actuator system are introduced briefly. Second, the types and characteristics of the actuators are introduced in detail, and the technical development of the actuator is presented. Third, the main types and functional characteristics of the energy supply of aerospace are introduced, and comparative analysis is performed on the basis of the feature that ground energy cannot be used in aerospace. Fourth, the redundancy design technology of actuators is discussed, and the development and application of redundancy technology are examined. Fifth, several typical nonlinear actuator control models are introduced, and the nonlinear control strategies of actuators are summarized and analyzed. Finally, high power electrohydraulic, medium–high power electrohydrostatic, and medium–small power electromechanical actuators should be the key future development direction of aerospace ctuators.
Modelling of Hydraulic Locking Balancing Circumferential Grooves for Servo-Cylinders’ Piston
Authors: Natali Emiliano , Zardin Barbara , Cillo Giovanni , Borghi Massimo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the hydraulic servo-cylinders design, the circumferential grooves are used in order to reduce the effect of the locking force. This force arises as a consequence to the distribution of pressure around the piston, when both an eccentric position, caused by the load on the piston, and the manufacturing defects on the piston and cylinder surfaces are present. In this work an approach is presented for the calculation of the contribution of the grooves in the definition of the locking force and of the leakage flow rate. The mathematical model proposed is based on the Reynolds equation, properly combined with the continuity equation applied within the grooves. The results of the analysis are combined together with the ones coming from the analysis at the hydrostatic bearings at the rod ends, which have been analyzed on a previous step of the research. A numerical procedure is then created that, with the appropriate input, allows to study the different design configurations of the servo-cylinder. Results here shown are focused on exploring the effect of number, position, size of the grooves and manufacturing tolerances on the piston and cylinder. Simulations are also run under different operating conditions. For the real servo-cylinder configurations tested here, it is shown that five equally spaced grooves may be sufficient to decrease consistently the locking force while containing the flow losses. The procedure is also functional to investigate the bending and seizing of the piston during the different operating conditions, both in steady state and dynamic conditions.