bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining service‐user perspectives for the development of a good outcome checklist for individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Petros Natalia , Cullen Alexis E. , Vieira Sandra , Rowland Emma , King Georgina , Leung Wing See , Fusar‐Poli Paolo , Mechelli Andrea , McGuire Philip 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsAround 15% of patients at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR‐P) experience symptomatic remission and functional recovery at follow‐up, yet the definition of a good outcome (GO) in this population requires further development. Outcomes are typically designed and rated by clinicians rather than patients, to measure adverse as opposed to GOs. Here we investigate how CHR‐P subjects define a GO, with the aim of developing a checklist that could be used to measure GO in this clinical group.MethodsA set of GO‐focused questions were designed in collaboration with a service‐user. CHR‐P patients (n = 48) were asked to rate the importance of items that could indicate short‐term (1 year) and long‐term (5 years) GO. These items were then ranked using the relative importance index (RII).ResultsPatients rated improvement in subjective wellbeing (RII = 0.829) and non‐specific presenting symptoms (RII = 0.817) amongst the factors most important for indicating GO in the short‐term, and improved resilience (RII = 0.879) and negative symptoms (RII = 0.858) as key items for indicating long‐term GO. Patients regarded building resilience (RII = 0.842) and having support from mental health services (RII = 0.833) as being protective for their mental health. These measures were included in a preliminary 12‐item GO checklist (GO‐12) for assessing GO in CHR‐P subjects.ConclusionsPatient‐defined measures of GO included items that are not incorporated into conventional measures of outcomes in CHR‐P subjects, such as subjective wellbeing and resilience. Integrating patient‐defined metrics of GO may improve the assessment of outcomes in the CHR‐P population.
Use of ketogenic diet therapy in infants with epilepsy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lyons Laura , Schoeler Natasha E. , Langan Dean , Cross J. Helen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveKetogenic diet therapy (KDT) is a group of high‐fat, low‐carbohydrate diets used as an effective treatment option for children and adults with drug‐resistant epilepsy. There is limited research on the efficacy of KDT in infants, where there is the highest incidence of onset of the epilepsy. We aimed to systematically review studies that have reported on response to KDT in infants with epilepsy.MethodsAn online comprehensive literature search was performed, including studies that provided seizure frequency data for at least one infant younger than 2 years of age who was treated with KDT for ≥1 month. The proportions of infants achieving ≥50% seizure reduction, seizure‐freedom rates, retention rates, and reported side effects were extracted from studies. Meta‐analyses were performed using a random‐effects model, and subgroup analyses were performed to investigate possible between‐study heterogeneity.ResultsThirty‐three studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis, with a total of 534 infants with efficacy data. Two studies were randomized‐controlled trials, and the remainder were uncontrolled cohort studies. All studies were categorized as low quality. Meta‐analyses of uncontrolled studies estimate 59% (95% confidence interval [CI] 53‐65) of infants achieved ≥50% seizure reduction and 33% (95% CI 26‐43) of infants achieved seizure freedom. Retention rates ranged from 84% at 3 months to 27% at 24 months. The most commonly reported side effects were dyslipidemia (20/171, 12%), vomiting (11/171, 6%), constipation (7/171, 4%), gastroesophageal reflux (6/171, 4%), and diarrhea (6/171, 4%).SignificanceThis review indicates that KDT is safe and tolerable and that it can be an effective treatment option for infants with drug‐resistant epilepsy. However, there are few studies focusing on infants treated with KDT, and high‐quality evidence is lacking. High‐quality randomized‐controlled trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of dietary treatment in this vulnerable age group.
The use of the hand‐held infrared thermometer as an early detection tool for exertional heat illness in Thoroughbred racehorses: A study at racetracks in eastern Australia
Authors: Brownlow M. , Smith T. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThoroughbred racehorses perform exercise at maximal intensities and typically display a hyperthermic exercise response, which can drive core body temperature to critical levels. Despite extremely efficient thermoregulatory mechanisms, certain weather conditions may affect the horse’s ability to cool and result in a syndrome referred to as exertional heat illness (EHI). This is characterised by central nervous system dysfunction, as well as cytotoxic effects of heat on cells, which can produce deleterious consequences. Early detection of exertional heat illness (EHI) in Thoroughbred racehorses can be difficult because signs are often vague and the measurement of rectal temperature as an indicator of hyperthermia is not practical. Best practice in the treatment of EHI in horses, as in human subjects, centres on early detection, rapid assessment and aggressive cooling. Research in human subjects has shown that EHI is manageable when recognised early and appropriate treatment provided. The aim of this study was to investigate the measurement of skin surface temperature (SST) by an infrared thermometer as an aid in the early detection of EHI. A skin surface temperature ≥39°C in the immediate postrace period is considered to be hot. It reflects the interaction of exercise‐related metabolic heat production, physiological adjustments to the skin surface such as vasodilation and sweating, together with the effect of high ambient temperature. Most importantly, high SST is associated with a reduced core‐to‐skin temperature difference, which retards heat transfer from the deep body tissues to the skin and can hinder heat dissipation. Identification of horses with high SSTs can prioritise them for rapid cooling and curtail possible progression to EHI.
P‐glycoprotein and multidrug resistance‐associated protein‐1 expression in acute myeloid leukemia: Biological and prognosis implications
Authors: da Silveira Júnior Lenilton Silva , Soares Victor de Lima , Jardim da Silva Alessandra Suelen , Gil Erica Aires , Pereira de Araújo Maria das Graças , Merces Gonçalves Ciro Alexandre , Paiva Aldair de Souza , Moura de Oliveira Taissa Maria , Oliveira Gustavo Henrique de Medeiros , Kramer Cavacanti e Silva Dany Geraldo , de Araújo Moura Lemos Telma Maria , Moretti Rebecchi Ivanise Marina , de Farias Sales Valeria Soraya , Luchessi André Ducati , Cavalcanti Júnior Geraldo Barroso 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite the advances in the cure rate for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a considerable number of patients die from the disease due to the occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR). Overexpression of the transporter proteins, such as P‐glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug resistance‐associated protein (MRP), confers resistance to the treatment of these leukemias.MethodsTo analyze the expression of the Pgp and MRP1 in patients with AML and determine their correlation between expression and demographic, clinical, and laboratorial variables, bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from 346 patients with a diagnosis of AML were assessed for the expression of Pgp and MRP1 by flow cytometry.ResultsThe expression of Pgp and MRP1 was found in 111 (32.1%) and 133 (38.4%) patients, respectively, with greater prevalence in older patients and lower in children, while also observing a high incidence in patients with refractory, recurrence, and secondary disease in comparison with the cases of de novo AML. Regarding the laboratory findings, we observed an association between the expression of Pgp and MRP1 and CD34, CD7, and also M7, M5a, and M2‐AML of French‐American‐British classification.ConclusionsThe results showed that the detection of MDR phenotype by flow cytometry can be a molecular marker for prognosis of patients with AML.
Gastrointestinal involvement of primary skin diseases
Authors: Lu C.‐Y. , Hsieh M.‐S. , Wei K.‐C. , Ezmerli M. , Kuo C.‐H. , Chen W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLess is known about gastrointestinal (GI) involvement of primary skin diseases due to the difference in embryology, histology, microbiology and physiology between integument and alimentary tract. Oesophagus, following the oropharyngeal mucosa, is the most common GI segment affected by primary skin diseases, especially by eosinophilic oesophagitis, lichen planus and autoimmune bullous dermatoses like pemphigus vulgaris, mucosal membrane pemphigoid and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Eosinophilic oesophagitis is an emerging chronic atopic disease with oesophageal dysfunction as the typical presentation, and oesophageal narrowing, rings and stricture as late complications. Oesophageal lichen planus mainly involves the proximal to mid‐oesophagus in elderly aged women with long‐term oral mucosal lesions. In acute attack of pemphigus vulgaris, oesophageal involvement is not uncommon but often neglected and may cause sloughing oesophagitis (oesophagitis dissecans superficialis) with acute GI bleeding in rare cases. GI manifestation of hereditary bradykininergic angio‐oedema with colicky acute abdomen mostly affects small intestine, usually in the absence of pruritus or urticaria, and is more severe and long‐lasting than the acquired histaminergic form. Strong evidence supports association between inflammatory bowel disease, especially Crohn disease, and hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa. Patients with vitiligo need surveillance of autoimmune liver disease, autoimmune atrophic gastritis or coeliac disease when corresponding symptoms become suspect. Melanoma is the most common primary tumour metastatic to the GI tract, with small intestine predominantly targeted. Gastrointestinal involvement is not uncommon in disseminated mycosis fungoides. Extramammary Paget’s disease is an intraepidermal adenocarcinoma of controversial origin, and a high association between the anogenital occurrence and colorectal adenocarcinoma has been reported. As GI tract is the largest organ system with multidimensional functions, dermatologists in daily practice should be aware of the gastrointestinal morbidities related to primary skin diseases for an early diagnosis and treatment.
Prevalence and correlates of sun protections with sunburn and vitamin D deficiency in sun‐sensitive individuals
Authors: Kim S. , Carson K.A. , Chien A.L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSun sensitivity is an inherent risk factor for skin cancer. Sun protection is important in sun‐sensitive individuals to reduce sunburns for skin cancer prevention. However, concerns have arose regarding the possible impact of sun protection on vitamin D deficiency.ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence and correlates of sun‐protective behaviours (staying in the shade, using sunscreen and wearing long sleeves) with sunburn and vitamin D deficiency in sun‐sensitive individuals.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of 2390 US non‐Hispanic white adults aged 20–59 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014. Sun sensitivity was defined as self‐reported tendency to severe sunburn when exposed to the sun for half an hour after months of non‐sun exposure, and single serum 25(OH)D levels less than 50 nmol/L was determined as vitamin D deficiency. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) using multivariable logistic regression taking into account the complex survey design.ResultsSun‐sensitive individuals had higher odds of frequently staying in the shade (aOR = 3.08; 95% CI 2.19–4.33) and using sunscreen (aOR = 1.93; 1.44–2.59) but not associated with sun exposure time (aOR = 0.91; 0.62–1.32). Yet, sun‐sensitive individuals had significantly higher likelihood of sunburns (aOR = 1.93; 1.45–2.55), and no increased likelihood of vitamin D deficiency (aOR = 1.15; 0.84–1.58). Among sun‐sensitive individuals, being younger, male and spending more time outdoors were associated with increased odds of sunburns and the risk of sunburn was reduced with frequently staying in the shade and engaging in multimodal sun protections.ConclusionSun‐sensitive individuals more frequently used sun protection methods yet they still were significantly more likely to experience sunburns and the risk of vitamin D deficiency was not increased. Education on proper application of sunscreen combined with other sun‐protective techniques is important to reduce sunburn in sun‐sensitive populations.
The association between simple renal cyst and aortic diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Chewcharat Api , Hamaya Rikuta , Thongprayoon Charat , Cato Liam D. , Mao Michael A. , Cheungpasitporn Wisit 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this meta‐analysis of observational studies was to evaluate the association between simple renal cysts (SRC) and presence of aortic pathology such as aortic aneurysms and dissection.MethodsWe conducted searches in Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 1960 to August 2019 to identify observational studies that examined the association between SRCs and any aortic diseases, including aortic aneurysms and dissection. Two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. The meta‐analysis was performed by STATA 14.1.ResultsIn total, 11 observational studies with 19 719 participants were included in this meta‐analysis. Compared to individuals without SRCs, patients with SRCs had higher odds of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) (adjusted OR = 2.61, 95% CI 2.34‐2.91, P < 0.001, I2 = 0%), ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) (adjusted OR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.09‐3.63, P = 0.03, I2 = 90.1%), descending TAA (adjusted OR = 3.44, 95% CI, 2.67‐4.43, P < 0.001, I2 = 0%), type A aortic dissection (AD) (adjusted OR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.32‐2.96, P = 0.001, I2 = 12.9%), and type B AD (adjusted OR = 2.55, 95% CI, 1.31‐4.96, P = 0.006, I2 = 76.2%). There was a higher average in the sum of diameter of SRCs among AAA compared to patients without AAA (WMD = 19.80 mm, 95% CI 13.92‐25.67, P < 0.001, I2 = 63.8%).ConclusionSRC is associated with higher odds of aortic diseases including AAA, ascending and descending TAA, type A and type B dissection even after adjusting for confounders.
What influences child feeding in the Northern Triangle? A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Deeney Megan , Harris‐Fry Helen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOptimising child feeding behaviours could improve child health in Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador, where undernutrition rates remain high. However, the design of interventions to improve child feeding behaviours is limited by piecemeal, theoretically underdeveloped evidence on factors that may influence these behaviours. Between July 2018 and January 2020, we systematically searched Cochrane, Medline, EMBASE, Global Health and LILACS databases, grey literature websites and reference lists, for evidence of region‐specific causes of child feeding behaviours and the effectiveness of related interventions and policies. The Behaviour Change Wheel was used as a framework to synthesise and map the resulting literature. We identified 2,905 records and included 68 relevant studies of mixed quality, published between 1964 and 2019. Most (n = 50) were quantitative, 15 were qualitative and three used mixed methods. A total of 39 studies described causes of child feeding behaviour; 29 evaluated interventions or policies. Frequently cited barriers to breastfeeding included mothers' beliefs and perceptions of colostrum and breast milk sufficiency; fears around child illness; and familial and societal pressures, particularly from paternal grandmothers. Child diets were influenced by similar beliefs and mothers' lack of money, time and control over household finances and decisions. Interventions (n = 22) primarily provided foods or supplements with education, resulting in mixed effects on breastfeeding and child diets. Policy evaluations (n = 7) showed positive and null effects on child feeding practices. We conclude that interventions should address context‐specific barriers to optimal feeding behaviours, use behaviour change theory to apply appropriate techniques and evaluate impact using robust research methods.
Spectrum Arguments, Parity and Persistency
Authors: Herlitz Anders 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article shows that introducing the positive comparative relation parity only helps one block so‐called “Spectrum Arguments” in order to avoid their unsavoury implications if one specifies parity in a specific way with respect to its persistence. The article illustrates how parity must both admit of persistency and be weakly non‐persistent for parity to block Spectrum Arguments, and identifies some consequences of that discovery for the general debate on Spectrum Arguments, value theory and comparability problems.
The Effect of Compression Applied Through Constrained Lateral Eccentricity on the Failure Mechanics and Flexibility of the Human Cervical Spine
Authors: Melnyk Angela , Whyte Tom , Thomson Vanessa , Marion Travis , Yamamoto Shun , Street John , Oxland Thomas R. , Cripton Peter A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In contrast to sagittal plane spine biomechanics, little is known about the response of the cervical spine to axial compression with lateral eccentricity of the applied force. This study evaluated the effect of lateral eccentricity on the kinetics, kinematics, canal occlusion, injuries, and flexibility of the cervical spine in translationally constrained axial impacts. Eighteen functional spinal units were subjected to flexibility tests before and after an impact. Impact axial compression was applied at one of three lateral eccentricity levels based on percentage of vertebral body width (low = 5%, medium = 50%, high = 150%). Injuries were graded by dissection. Correlations between intrinsic specimen properties and injury scores were examined for each eccentricity group. Low lateral force eccentricity produced predominantly bone injuries, clinically recognized as compression injuries, while medium and high eccentricity produced mostly contralateral ligament and/or disc injuries, an asymmetric pattern typical of lateral loading. Mean compression force at injury decreased with increasing lateral eccentricity (low = 3098 N, medium = 2337 N, and high = 683 N). Mean ipsilateral bending moments at injury were higher at medium (28.3 N·m) and high (22.9 N·m) eccentricity compared to low eccentricity specimens (0.1 N·m), p &lt; 0.05. Ipsilateral bony injury was related to vertebral body area (VBA) (r = −0.974, p = 0.001) and disc degeneration (r = 0.851, p = 0.032) at medium eccentricity. Facet degeneration was correlated with central bony injury at high eccentricity (r = 0.834, p = 0.036). These results deepen cervical spine biomechanics knowledge in circumstances with coronal plane loads.
Temozolomide antagonizes oncolytic immunovirotherapy in glioblastoma
Authors: Saha Dipongkor , Rabkin Samuel D , Martuza Robert L 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundTemozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy is a current standard of care for glioblastoma (GBM), however it has only extended overall survival by a few months. Because it also modulates the immune system, both beneficially and negatively, understanding how TMZ interacts with immunotherapeutics is important. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) is a new class of cancer therapeutic with both cytotoxic and immunostimulatory activities. Here, we examine the combination of TMZ and an oHSV encoding murine interleukin 12, G47Δ-mIL12, in a mouse immunocompetent GBM model generated from non-immunogenic 005 GBM stem-like cells (GSCs.MethodsWe first investigated the cytotoxic effects of TMZ and/or G47Δ-IL12 treatments in vitro, and then the antitumor effects of combination therapy in vivo in orthotopically implanted 005 GSC-derived brain tumors. To improve TMZ sensitivity, O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) was inhibited. The effects of TMZ on immune cells were evaluated by flow cytometery and immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe combination of TMZ+G47Δ-IL12 kills 005 GSCs in vitro better than single treatments. However, TMZ does not improve the survival of orthotopic tumor-bearing mice treated with G47Δ-IL12, but rather can abrogate the beneficial effects of G47Δ-IL12 when the two are given concurrently. TMZ negatively affects intratumor T cells and macrophages and splenocytes. Addition of MGMT inhibitor O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG), an inactivating pseudosubstrate of MGMT, to TMZ improved survival, but the combination with G47Δ-IL12 did not overcome the antagonistic effects of TMZ treatment on oHSV therapy.ConclusionsThese results illustrate that chemotherapy can adversely affect oHSV immunovirotherapy. As TMZ is the standard of care for GBM, the timing of these combined therapies should be taken into consideration when planning oHSV clinical trials with chemotherapy for GBM.
Mapeamento Metodológico de Teses e Dissertações no Âmbito do Programa Brasileiro de Pós-Graduação em Turismo (PPGTUR) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)
Authors: Maranhão Christiano Henrique da Silva 
Published: May 2020

Este artigo busca analisar a estruturação dos principais aspectos metodológicos das teses e dissertações produzidas durante o primeiro decênio (2008-2018) de instituição do Programa de pós-graduação em turismo da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (PPGTUR/UFRN). Metodologicamente trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo e analítico, de viés qualitativo, que utiliza a pesquisa bibliográfica, a pesquisa documental, a entrevista e a análise temática como ferramentas e/ou técnicas de coleta e análise de dados. Como resultados expõe-se duas tendências que retratam o modo como os estudos vinculados ao PPGTUR/UFRN estruturam suas metodologias, expondo o que vem sendo operacionalizado no campo metodológico das teses e dissertações do aludido Programa, além de reforçar o empenho acadêmico pelo planejamento de pesquisas bem fundamentadas. Destaca-se ainda a presença de uma diversidade temática permeando o ambiente acadêmico do PPGTUR/UFRN, reflexo direto das distintas áreas de formação dos docentes e da heterogeneidade complexa inerente ao fenômeno turístico.
A preliminary survey of soil nemafauna of Bhagwan Mahaveer Wildlife Sanctuary, Goa, India
Authors: Gaude Kiran , I.K. Pai  
Published: May 2020

Nematological research in India is primarily focussed on major crops and animal parasitic groups, while ignoring free living groups in forest ecosystems. In the present study, soil nemafauna of Bhagwan Mahaveer Wildlife Sanctuary, Goa, India was assessed. A total of 18 genera, 14 families, and five orders were recorded. Among four orders, Dorylaimida was the most dominant one, which consists of 12 genera and nine families. Among the 18 genera Sicaguttur, Qudsinema, Microdorylaimus, Longidorella, Paralongidorus, Xiphidorinae, Fuscheila and Chrysonema are reported for the first time from the state. More such intensive survey will add more numbers of nematode species.
Morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies on Battarrea phalloides (Agaricales): a new report to Indian mycobiota
Authors: R. Kantharaja  , M. Krishnappa  
Published: May 2020

The Scaly-stalked Puffball Battarrea phalloides (Dicks.) Pers. is recorded for the first time in India. The fungus is reported from many countries across the continents and typically uncommon and rare in all regions. It is Red Listed in most of the European countries and is under assessment in IUCN Global Fungal Red List Initiative. The Indian sample of B. phalloides is reported from Kadur Taluk of Chikkamagaluru District, Karnataka with morpho-molecular data.