bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MIR1246 in body fluids as a biomarker for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ishige Fumitaka , Hoshino Isamu , Iwatate Yosuke , Chiba Satoshi , Arimitsu Hidehito , Yanagibashi Hiroo , Nagase Hiroki , Takayama Wataru 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPancreatic cancer is an aggressive tumor associated with poor survival, and early detection is important to improve patient outcomes. In the present study, we examined MIR1246 expression as a biomarker of pancreatic cancer. Total RNA was extracted from serum, urine and saliva samples from healthy subjects (n = 30) and patients with pancreatic cancer (n = 41, stage 0–IV). The MIR1246 level in each fluid was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Significantly higher MIR1246 expression in serum and urine was observed in patients with cancer than in healthy controls. A significant positive correlation was found between serum and urine MIR1246 expression (r = 0.34). Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed for MIR1246 in all three body fluids. The area under the curve for serum MIR1246 was 0.87 (sensitivity, 92.3%; specificity, 73.3%), and that for urine MIR1246 was 0.90 (sensitivity, 90.2%; specificity, 83.3%). With a cut-off of the control group’s mean plus twice the standard deviation, the sensitivities of MIR1246 in serum and urine for pancreatic cancer were 60.9 and 58.5%, respectively. Combining both serum and urine MIR1246 expression yielded a sensitivity of 85%. These results indicate that MIR246 may be a useful diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer.
Does One Dose Really Fit All? On the Monitoring of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Moner-Banet Thomas , Alberio Lorenzo , Bart Pierre-Alexandre 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background There is an increasing amount of literature on direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) laboratory monitoring. The aims of the present review were to evaluate published data on monitoring DOACs, to provide clinical guidance on how to interpret results, and to summarize why, when, and how to monitor DOACs.
Methods The publications screened for this review were obtained through a PubMed search for articles published in English or French before April 2019 that had the following as their main themes: DOAC monitoring, DOAC exposure–effect relationship, DOAC drug interactions, and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of DOACs.
Results DOACs show important inter- and intrapersonal concentration variability and a significant exposure–effect relationship. Concentrations out of the expected range have been shown to lead to an increased adverse event rate and a lower efficacy. No definitive therapeutic range exists for DOACs except for dabigatran for which trough levels of 40 to 200 ng/mL seem to be the consensus. Indications to monitor include suspected drug accumulation in special patient populations, suspected drug failure, and acute situations such as hemorrhagic or thrombotic events.
Conclusion There is a likely benefit to monitor DOACs in order to improve their safety and efficacy but randomized controlled trials are required to determine the therapeutic range of these drugs and evaluate whether DOAC monitoring can improve outcomes in a clinical setting.
The multi-faceted mechano-bactericidal mechanism of nanostructured surfaces
Authors: Ivanova Elena P. , Linklater Denver P. , Werner Marco , Baulin Vladimir A. , Xu XiuMei , Vrancken Nandi , Rubanov Sergey , Hanssen Eric , Wandiyanto Jason , Truong Vi Khanh , Elbourne Aaron , Maclaughlin Shane , Juodkazis Saulius , Crawford Russell J. 
Published: May 2020

Significance
The bactericidal action delivered by rigid nanopillar arrays stems from the mechanical rupture of the bacterial cell membrane; however, the precise mechanism may be unique to the individual nanopillar geometries. In this study, we demonstrate that the bactericidal action of highly ordered, high-aspect-ratio nanopillar arrays may be associated with the relative flexibility of the individual nanopillars and the mechanical energy stored within the nanopillars. We propose that the lateral stretching of the cell membrane and interactions at the cell edge are induced by elastic pillar deformations that occur during bacterial adhesion. The results obtained in this study provide insight into a previously unknown category of mechano-bactericidal mechanism, highlighting another facet to the mechano-bactericidal action of nanostructured surfaces.
Factors affecting L2 phonological awareness in Chinese-Dutch preschoolers
Authors: Yuan Han , Segers Eliane , Verhoeven Ludo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The present study compared the relationship between Dutch phonological awareness (rhyme awareness, initial phoneme
isolation), Dutch speech decoding and Dutch receptive vocabulary in two groups in different linguistic environments: 30 Mandarin
Chinese-Dutch bilingual children and 24 monolingual Dutch peers. Chinese vocabulary and phonological awareness were taken into account in
the bilingual group. Bilingual children scored below their Dutch monolingual counterparts on all Dutch tasks. In the bilingual group, Dutch
rhyme awareness was predicted by Dutch speech decoding, both directly, and indirectly via Dutch receptive vocabulary. When adding Chinese
proficiency to the model, Chinese rhyme awareness was found to mediate the relationship between Dutch speech decoding and Dutch rhyme
awareness. It can thus be concluded that second language (L2) phonological awareness in Chinese-Dutch kindergartners is affected by their L2
speech and vocabulary level, on the one hand, and their level of phonological awareness in the first language (L1).
Peasants, dispossession and resistance in Egypt: an analysis of protest movements and organisations before and after the 2011 uprising
Authors: de Lellis Francesco 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe livelihoods of Egypt’s agrarian working classes have been under attack for at least 30 years by policies dispossessing them of natural and economic resources. This process accelerated in the mid 1990s when a domestic land grab took place, eradicating tenure rights for poor tenants. Rural Egypt was part of the 2011 revolutionary process, although heavily marginalised in narratives about the ‘Spring’. Land occupations, farmers’ protests and unionisation were part of the revolutionary landscape, in direct continuity with previous struggles, but also showing signs of rupture and innovation. Reactions from below against dispossession have been variegated and developing, but their determinants remain largely unaddressed. The article retraces the trajectories of these struggles, pointing at the crucial role that the peasants’ allies (leftist civic activism, NGOs and political parties) have played in enhancing and/or undermining agrarian movements at particular historical conjunctures.
Preliminary study of nitrite content in South Sulawesi uncleaned edible bird nest
Authors: Yusuf B , Farahmida P , Jamaluddin A W , Amir M N , Maulany R I , Sari D K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Edible bird nest is a nest made from saliva of swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus). In term of food safety, nitrite is one of chemical hazards that should be checked in edible bird nest (EBN) which can affect human health. Occurance of nitrite in edible bird nest is determined from its level in uncleaned EBN and cleaning process. This preliminary study was aimed to check level of nitrite in edible bird nest taken from swiftlet houses in South Sulawesi. The nitrite analysis using spectrophotometer showed that nitrite content is varied among swiftlet houses ranged from 4.7 µg/g to 164.4 µg/g. This result showed that most EBN sample in uncleaned South Sulawesi edible bird nest is below the limit of nitrite content regulated by Indonesian government which is 125 µg/g. This finding also indicates that good farming practice should be introduced into swiftlet farmers.
Extraction of thermally stable cellulose nanocrystals in short processing time from waste newspaper by conventional acid hydrolysis
Authors: Van-Pham Dan-Thuy , Pham Thi Yen Nhu , Tran Minh Chien , Nguyen Chanh-Nghiem , Tran-Cong-Miyata Qui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Motivated by many exclusive and useful features of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and the underutilized resource of waste newspaper, this study aimed to extract CNC from waste newspapers by means of alkali and bleaching treatments followed by acid hydrolysis. The morphological structure of the obtained CNC was analysed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. The remarkable removal of surface contamination and the reduction in fiber diameter during alkali and bleaching treatment were observed and the nano-dimension of the extracted CNC was revealed with the average diameter of 12.3 ± 2.8 nm. Characterization of the extracted CNC showed a high whiteness index of 80%, and high transparency of about 80% of the light at 600 nm calculated for a 0.02 mm thick nanocellulose film. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that lignin, hemicellulose and other coloring agents were successfully removed. A comparably high crystallinity index of 80.15% was calculated from x-ray diffraction data. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the product had a typical maximum thermal degradation at 300 °C. The analysis results indicated the successful extraction of good CNC from waste newspaper with the shortest processing time ever reported for acid hydrolysis with conventional alkali and bleaching pretreatment. The findings also strongly support for further research of nanocomposites reinforced by CNC produced from waste newspaper.
The COVID-19 rehabilitation pandemic
Authors: De Biase Sarah , Cook Laura , Skelton Dawn A , Witham Miles , ten Hove Ruth 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the response to the pandemic are combining to produce a tidal wave of need for rehabilitation. Rehabilitation will be needed for survivors of COVID-19, many of whom are older, with underlying health problems. In addition, rehabilitation will be needed for those who have become deconditioned as a result of movement restrictions, social isolation, and inability to access healthcare for pre-existing or new non-COVID-19 illnesses. Delivering rehabilitation in the same way as before the pandemic will not be practical, nor will this approach meet the likely scale of need for rehabilitation. This commentary reviews the likely rehabilitation needs of older people both with and without COVID-19 and discusses how strategies to deliver effective rehabilitation at scale can be designed and implemented in a world living with COVID-19.
Filtering Tort Accidents
Authors: De Mot Jef , Depoorter Ben , Miceli Thomas J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Conventional wisdom in the economic analysis of tort law holds that legal errors distort incentives, causing behavior to depart from the optimum. If potential injurers know that courts err, they may engage in less or more than optimal precaution. This article revisits the effect of judicial error on the incentives of potential injurers by identifying a heretofore-neglected filtering effect of uncertainty in settings of imperfect judicial decision-making. We show that when courts make errors in the application of the liability standards, uncertainty about erroneous decision-making filters out the most harmful torts but leaves unaffected less harmful accidents. Our insight applies to various procedural and institutional aspects of legal adjudication, including the randomization of case assignment, the strength of precedent, and the use of standards versus rules.
VI—Panpsychism and Free Will: A Case Study in Liberal Naturalism
Authors: Goff Philip 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere has been a resurgence of interest in panpsychism in contemporary philosophy of mind. According to its supporters, panpsychism offers an attractive solution to the mind–body problem, avoiding the deep difficulties associated with the more conventional options of dualism and materialism. There has been little focus, however, on whether panpsychism can help with philosophical problems pertaining to free will. In this paper I will argue (a) that it is coherent and consistent with observation to postulate a kind of libertarian agent causation at the micro-level, and (b) that if one if believes in libertarian agent causation at the macro-level, there are significant advantages in also postulating its existence at the micro-level.
Using deep neural networks and biological subwords to detect protein S-sulfenylation sites
Authors: Do Duyen Thi , Le Thanh Quynh Trang , Le Nguyen Quoc Khanh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProtein S-sulfenylation is one kind of crucial post-translational modifications (PTMs) in which the hydroxyl group covalently binds to the thiol of cysteine. Some recent studies have shown that this modification plays an important role in signaling transduction, transcriptional regulation and apoptosis. To date, the dynamic of sulfenic acids in proteins remains unclear because of its fleeting nature. Identifying S-sulfenylation sites, therefore, could be the key to decipher its mysterious structures and functions, which are important in cell biology and diseases. However, due to the lack of effective methods, scientists in this field tend to be limited in merely a handful of some wet lab techniques that are time-consuming and not cost-effective. Thus, this motivated us to develop an in silico model for detecting S-sulfenylation sites only from protein sequence information. In this study, protein sequences served as natural language sentences comprising biological subwords. The deep neural network was consequentially employed to perform classification. The performance statistics within the independent dataset including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Matthews correlation coefficient and area under the curve rates achieved 85.71%, 69.47%, 77.09%, 0.5554 and 0.833, respectively. Our results suggested that the proposed method (fastSulf-DNN) achieved excellent performance in predicting S-sulfenylation sites compared to other well-known tools on a benchmark dataset.
Unnecessary Antibiotic Prescribing in US Ambulatory Care Settings, 2010–2015
Authors: Hersh Adam L , King Laura M , Shapiro Daniel J , Hicks Lauri A , Fleming-Dutra Katherine E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The proportion of antibiotic prescriptions prescribed in US physician offices and emergency departments that were unnecessary decreased slightly, from 30% in 2010–2011 to 28% in 2014–2015. However, a greater decrease occurred in children: 32% in 2010–2011 to 19% in 2014–2015. Unnecessary prescribing in adults did not change during this period.
Evidence for height and immune function trade-offs among preadolescents in a high pathogen population
Authors: Garcia Angela R , Blackwell Aaron D , Trumble Benjamin C , Stieglitz Jonathan , Kaplan Hillard , Gurven Michael D 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn an energy-limited environment, caloric investments in one characteristic should trade-off with investments in other characteristics. In high pathogen ecologies, biasing energy allocation towards immune function over growth would be predicted, given strong selective pressures against early-life mortality.MethodologyIn the present study, we use flow cytometry to examine trade-offs between adaptive immune function (T cell subsets, B cells), innate immune function (natural killer cells), adaptive to innate ratio and height-for-age z scores (HAZ) among young children (N = 344; aged 2 months–8 years) in the Bolivian Amazon, using maternal BMI and child weight-for-height z scores (WHZ) as proxies for energetic status.ResultsMarkers of adaptive immune function negatively associate with child HAZ, a pattern most significant in preadolescents (3+ years). In children under three, maternal BMI appears to buffer immune and HAZ associations, while child energetic status (WHZ) moderates relationships in an unexpected direction: HAZ and immune associations are greater in preadolescents with higher WHZ. Children with low WHZ maintain similar levels of adaptive immune function, but are shorter compared to high WHZ peers.ConclusionsReduced investment in growth in favor of immunity may be necessary for survival in high pathogen contexts, even under energetic constraints. Further, genetic and environmental factors are important considerations for understanding variation in height within this population. These findings prompt consideration of whether there may be a threshold of investment into adaptive immunity required for survival in high pathogen environments, and thus question the universal relevance of height as a marker of health.Lay SummaryAdaptive immune function is negatively associated with child height in this high pathogen environment. Further, low weight-for-height children are shorter but maintain similar immune levels. Findings question the relevance of height as a universal health marker, given that costs and benefits of height versus immunity may be calibrated to local ecology.
Machine learning does not improve upon traditional regression in predicting outcomes in atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the ORBIT-AF and GARFIELD-AF registries
Authors: Loring Zak , Mehrotra Suchit , Piccini Jonathan P , Camm John , Carlson David , Fonarow Gregg C , Fox Keith A A , Peterson Eric D , Pieper Karen , Kakkar Ajay K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aims
Prediction models for outcomes in atrial fibrillation (AF) are used to guide treatment. While regression models have been the analytic standard for prediction modelling, machine learning (ML) has been promoted as a potentially superior methodology. We compared the performance of ML and regression models in predicting outcomes in AF patients.

Methods and results
The Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF) and Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD (GARFIELD-AF) are population-based registries that include 74 792 AF patients. Models were generated from potential predictors using stepwise logistic regression (STEP), random forests (RF), gradient boosting (GB), and two neural networks (NNs). Discriminatory power was highest for death [STEP area under the curve (AUC) = 0.80 in ORBIT-AF, 0.75 in GARFIELD-AF] and lowest for stroke in all models (STEP AUC = 0.67 in ORBIT-AF, 0.66 in GARFIELD-AF). The discriminatory power of the ML models was similar or lower than the STEP models for most outcomes. The GB model had a higher AUC than STEP for death in GARFIELD-AF (0.76 vs. 0.75), but only nominally, and both performed similarly in ORBIT-AF. The multilayer NN had the lowest discriminatory power for all outcomes. The calibration of the STEP modelswere more aligned with the observed events for all outcomes. In the cross-registry models, the discriminatory power of the ML models was similar or lower than the STEP for most cases.

Conclusion
When developed from two large, community-based AF registries, ML techniques did not improve prediction modelling of death, major bleeding, or stroke.
Reproductive system infections in women: lower genital tract syndromes
Authors: Brunham Robert C , Paavonen Jorma 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Gynecological and obstetrical infectious diseases are an important component of women's health. A system approach to gynecological and obstetrical infection helps unify and classify microbial etiology and pathogenesis within a clinical anatomical framework of lower and upper genital tract syndromes. The reproductive system of women includes the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. During pregnancy, additional tissues include the chorioamnion and placenta together with the fetus and amniotic fluid. We review in two parts reproductive system infection syndromes in women using selected research results to illustrate the clinical utility of the system approach in terms of diagnosis, treatment and prevention. We conclude that a reproductive system perspective will lead to improvements in understanding, management and prevention of these diseases.
Meta-Analysis on Mediated Contact and Prejudice
Authors: Banas John A , Bessarabova Elena , Massey Zachary B 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a meta-analysis of 79 cases (N = 21,857) testing the effectiveness of mediated intergroup contact on prejudice. Positive mediated contact decreased (r = −.23; 95% CI, −.29 to −.17), whereas negative mediated contact increased prejudicial attitudes (r = .31; 95% CI, .24 to .38) and intergroup anxiety and empathy were both significant mediators of these relationships. Furthermore, the data revealed no significant differences between parasocial and vicarious effects, positive and negative mediated-contact effects, or the effects of the duration of mediated-contact stimulus exposure on prejudice. However, the data did reveal experiments to have stronger effects than survey research. These and other results are discussed along with implications, limitations, and future research directions.
Epigenetic Responses to Temperature and Climate
Authors: McCaw Beth A , Stevenson Tyler J , Lancaster Lesley T 
Published: May 2020

SynopsisEpigenetics represents a widely accepted set of mechanisms by which organisms respond to the environment by regulating phenotypic plasticity and life history transitions. Understanding the effects of environmental control on phenotypes and fitness, via epigenetic mechanisms, is essential for understanding the ability of organisms to rapidly adapt to environmental change. This review highlights the significance of environmental temperature on epigenetic control of phenotypic variation, with the aim of furthering our understanding of how epigenetics might help or hinder species’ adaptation to climate change. It outlines how epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone/chromatin modification, (1) respond to temperature and regulate thermal stress responses in different kingdoms of life, (2) regulate temperature-dependent expression of key developmental processes, sex determination, and seasonal phenotypes, (3) facilitate transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of thermal adaptation, (4) adapt populations to local and global climate gradients, and finally (5) facilitate in biological invasions across climate regions. Although the evidence points towards a conserved role of epigenetics in responding to temperature change, there appears to be an element of temperature- and species-specificity in the specific effects of temperature change on epigenetic modifications and resulting phenotypic responses. The review identifies areas of future research in epigenetic responses to environmental temperature change.