bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of new-generation hybrid layers combining hardfacing and nitriding dedicated to improvement in forging tools’ durability
Authors: Kaszuba Marcin , Widomski Paweł , Białucki Piotr , Lange Artur , Boryczko Bożena , Walczak Mariusz 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article deals with the subject of layers produced in a hybrid process combining hardfacing and nitriding. These layers are characterized by improved resistance to wear, which arises from the synergy between favorable materials during hardfacing and nitriding treatment. Tests were conducted on hot-work tool steel (H11) samples. Hardfaced layers consisting of three layers were applied to these samples, where layers were made from two materials—Robotool 46 and Hardface VMolc powder wires. Next, samples of both materials were nitrided using ZeroFlow gas nitriding technology, with control of potential aimed at obtaining a diffusion layer without a white zone of nitrides on the surface. The next step was to investigate the properties of hardfaced layers and of layers hardfaced after nitriding treatment. Conducted tests covered observations of the microstructure, microhardness measurements as a function of distance from the surface, measurement of stresses in the surface layer by means of X-ray diffraction, and tribological tests. Obtained test results show that hybrid layers combining hardfacing and nitriding may be suitable for improving the lifetime of tools applied in hot forging processes.
Testing Agnew’s General Strain Theory Among Incarcerated Women in the Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Stanojoska Angelina , Jurtoska Julija 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhat is the purpose of our study? Being written on a social–psychological level, general strain theory (GST) has been tested among adolescent populations. However, what has been very rarely analysed is the response to strain by different types of offenders and diverse populations. This study is even more valuable if we mention that until the beginning of our research, GST or any other criminological theory had not been tested on any population in the Republic of North Macedonia. Why study an incarcerated population? This population has neglected needs, inhumane living conditions, overcrowded penitentiary institutions, high levels of recidivism and poor use of alternative measures. The experience of incarcerated women is generally less known compared with those of incarcerated men; they have a low level of participation in the total number of crimes in the country, and there is a lack of criminological research on female criminality in general. The data collected focused on the influence of strain and negative emotions on the level of criminality. The results should help us to answer whether strain leads to negative emotions; then does strain influence female criminality and its level; and do negative emotions intermediate in between strain and the level of criminality?
Severe influenza/respiratory syncytial virus infections and hospital antimicrobial stewardship opportunities: impact of a 4-year surveillance including molecular diagnosis
Authors: Bourgeois Marc , Ausselet Nathalie , Gerard Veronique , de Canniere Louis , Scius Nathan , Michaux Isabelle , Huang Te-Din , Bogaerts Pierre , Vandamme Charlotte , Bihin Benoît , Delaere Benedicte 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective:To assess the prevalence of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in adults hospitalized for a respiratory infection in the winter months and to evaluate the impact of a viral diagnosis on empirical antimicrobial management (antibiotics and antivirals).Design:Observational cohort study.Setting:Acute-care university hospital.Patients:The study included 963 adult patients hospitalized over a 4-year surveillance period.Methods:Annual surveillance timelines were defined according to epidemiological criteria related to the circulation of RSV and influenza viruses in the general population. Patients were screened following a severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) case definition at the emergency department and were enrolled for molecular assay targeting influenza/RSV viruses after oral informed consent. Epidemiological and clinical data were recorded prospectively, microbiological investigations, antimicrobial management, and outcome data were reviewed retrospectively.Results:An influenza or RSV virus was documented in 316 of 963 patients (33%). Optimization of antimicrobial management (AM) was achieved in 162 of 265 patients (61%) with a positive viral diagnosis and no bacterial infection at admission (AM treatment not initiated, n = 111; discontinued, n = 51). In contrast, only 128 of 462 patients (28%) with negative microbiological investigations did not have AM treatment initiated (n = 116) or had such treatment discontinued (n = 12). Early, targeted antiviral treatment was prescribed in 235 of 253 patients (93%) confirmed with influenza. Epidemiological, clinical, and outcome data were similar in both groups.Conclusion:Epidemiological surveillance associated with influenza/RSV molecular diagnosis in adults hospitalized for severe winter respiratory infections dramatically enhanced antimicrobial management.
ON OBDD-BASED ALGORITHMS AND PROOF SYSTEMS THAT DYNAMICALLY CHANGE THE ORDER OF VARIABLES
Authors: ITSYKSON DMITRY , KNOP ALEXANDER , ROMASHCHENKO ANDREI , SOKOLOV DMITRY 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 2004 Atserias, Kolaitis, and Vardi proposed
$\text {OBDD}$
-based propositional proof systems that prove unsatisfiability of a CNF formula by deduction of an identically false
$\text {OBDD}$
from
$\text {OBDD}$
s representing clauses of the initial formula. All
$\text {OBDD}$
s in such proofs have the same order of variables. We initiate the study of
$\text {OBDD}$
based proof systems that additionally contain a rule that allows changing the order in
$\text {OBDD}$
s. At first we consider a proof system
$\text {OBDD}(\land , \text{reordering})$
that uses the conjunction (join) rule and the rule that allows changing the order. We exponentially separate this proof system from
$\text {OBDD}(\land )$
proof system that uses only the conjunction rule. We prove exponential lower bounds on the size of
$\text {OBDD}(\land , \text{reordering})$
refutations of Tseitin formulas and the pigeonhole principle. The first lower bound was previously unknown even for
$\text {OBDD}(\land )$
proofs and the second one extends the result of Tveretina et al. from
$\text {OBDD}(\land )$
to
$\text {OBDD}(\land , \text{reordering})$
.In 2001 Aguirre and Vardi proposed an approach to the propositional satisfiability problem based on
$\text {OBDD}$
s and symbolic quantifier elimination (we denote algorithms based on this approach as
$\text {OBDD}(\land , \exists )$
algorithms). We augment these algorithms with the operation of reordering of variables and call the new scheme
$\text {OBDD}(\land , \exists , \text{reordering})$
algorithms. We notice that there exists an
$\text {OBDD}(\land , \exists )$
algorithm that solves satisfiable and unsatisfiable Tseitin formulas in polynomial time (a standard example of a hard system of linear equations over
$\mathbb {F}_2$
), but we show that there are formulas representing systems of linear equations over
$\mathbb {F}_2$
that are hard for
$\text {OBDD}(\land , \exists , \text{reordering})$
algorithms. Our hard instances are satisfiable formulas representing systems of linear equations over
$\mathbb {F}_2$
that correspond to checksum matrices of error correcting codes.
Dynamic Liquidity Management by Corporate Bond Mutual Funds
Authors: Jiang Hao , Li Dan , Wang Ashley 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHow do corporate bond mutual funds manage liquidity to meet investor redemptions? We show that during tranquil market conditions, these funds tend to reduce liquid asset holdings to meet redemptions, temporarily increasing relative exposures to illiquid asset classes. When aggregate uncertainty rises, however, they tend to scale down their liquid and illiquid assets proportionally to preserve portfolio liquidity. This fund-level dynamic management of liquidity appears to affect the broad financial market: Redemptions from the corporate bond fund sector lead to more corporate bond selling during high-uncertainty periods, which generates price pressures and predicts strong return reversals.
Epidemiological and molecular identification ofTrypanosoma vivaxdiagnosed in cattle during outbreaks in central Brazil
Authors: Bastos Thiago Souza Azeredo , Faria Adriana Marques , Couto Luiz Fellipe Monteiro , Nicaretta João Eduardo , Cavalcante Alliny Souza de Assis , Zapa Dina Maria Beltrán , Ferreira Lorena Lopes , Heller Luciana Maffini , Madrid Darling Mélany de Carvalho , Cruvinel Leonardo Bueno , Rossi Gabriel Augusto Marques , Soares Vando Edésio , Cadioli Fabiano Antônio , Lopes Welber Daniel Zanetti 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBovine trypanosomosis has been spreading in Brazil. In the present study, we evaluated the spatial distribution, prevalence and risk factors of this disease in the state of Goiás, Brazil, and performed both molecular and phylogenetical analyses ofTrypanosoma vivax. A total of 4049 blood samples were collected from cattle for a period of 2 years. The parasitological diagnosis was performed using the Woo method and a questionnaire was administered to the farmers to document risk factors associated with the disease in the herd. Positive samples were DNA sequenced and compared to GenBank codes. The prevalence ofT. vivaxwas 8.84%, occurring on 24 ranches only in dairy cattle and mainly in the central and southern portions of the state. The acquisition of new animals infected withT. vivaxand the administration of exogenous oxytocin to cows using the same syringe and needle were the main associated factors (P≤ 0.05). After an outbreak, milk production decreased by 39.62%. The presence of biting flies (tabanids,Haematobia irritansandStomoxys calcitrans) was not a risk factor (P> 0.05) for the occurrence ofT. vivax. The epidemiological data demonstrate the importance of restricting the practice of auctions as well as eliminating the use of exogenous oxytocin in animals during milking. The samples tested by polymerase chain reaction were positive forT. vivaxand were genetically homologous withT. vivaxfound in different states of Brazil and west Africa based on the 18S rRNA gene.
CAPITAL FLOW BONANZAS AS A FUNDAMENTAL INGREDIENT IN SPAIN'S FINANCIAL CRISES, 1850-2015
Authors: Betrán Concha , Pons Maria A. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the mechanisms through which capital flows produced financial instability in Spain over a 165-year period. We study why and how capital bonanzas make crises more likely and severe, and whether their incidence varies depending on types of crises (currency, banking and debt crises). We conclude that most of them occurred in different monetary policy regimes, but they were associated with capital bonanzas in a liberal regulatory framework, both of which contributed to a higher likelihood and greater severity of crises. The analysis of the different monetary policy regimes, financial structures and the types of crises allows us to draw some policy implications that emphasise the need for sound financial regulation and supervision.
Dimensional Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of Four Translational Parallel Manipulators
Authors: Ben Hamida I. , Laribi M. A. , Mlika A. , Romdhane L. , Zeghloul S. 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYThe optimum selection of a structure for a given application is a capital phase in typological synthesis of parallel robots. To help in this selection, this paper presents a performance evaluation of four translational parallel robots: Delta, 3-UPU, Romdhane-Affi-Fayet, and Tri-pyramid (TP). The problem is set as a multiobjective optimization using genetic algorithm methods, which uses kinematic criteria, that is, global dexterity and compactness, to ensure a prescribed workspace. The results are presented as Pareto fronts, which are used to compare the performances of the aforementioned structures. The obtained results show that the TP robot has the best kinematic performance, whereas the 3-UPU robot is the most compact for a given prescribed workspace.
TAG–glucose (TyG) index in childhood: an estimate of cut-off points and the relation to cardiometabolic risk in 4- to 9-year-old children
Authors: Brito Alice Divina Melo de , Hermsdorff Helen Hermana Miranda , Filgueiras Mariana De Santis , Vieira-Ribeiro Sarah Aparecida , Franceschini Sylvia do Carmo Castro , Novaes Juliana Farias de 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective:To propose cut-off points for the TAG–glucose (TyG) index in Brazilian children and evaluate the link to cardiometabolic risk.Design:A cross-sectional study with children from a municipality in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Anthropometric (weight, height, waist circumference and waist:height ratio), biochemical (lipid and glucose profile) and blood pressure (BP) tests were performed. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve, cut-off points for the TyG index were proposed according to sex using homoeostasis model of assessment – insulin resistance (IR) as the reference method.Setting:Viçosa, MG, Brazil.Participants:Children aged 4–9 years (n 515).Results:The TyG index cut-off points to identify the risk of IR were 7·9 and 8·1 for boys and girls, respectively. We observed that 48·7 % of the children had an increased TyG index. The increased TyG index was associated with overweight, total body and central fat, increased BP and altered lipid profile. Children with an increased TyG index had a higher accumulation of cardiometabolic risk factors.Conclusions:According to the cut-off points proposed by the current study, children at risk of IR estimated by the TyG index presented a higher cardiometabolic risk, including isolated risk factors, as to the higher accumulation of these.
Concept and analysis of a coupled split-ring resonator for wide-/dual bands, self-filtering, high out-of-band suppression and highly efficient antennas
Authors: Abdalla Mahmoud A. , El Atrash Mohamed , El-Sobky Nour A. , Zahran Sherif R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn inspired metamaterial-based highly efficient monopole antenna displaying wide-/dual-band resonances along with self-filtering properties is presented. The monopole has high out-of-band suppression characteristics that lead to very close to 0 dB band-stop between the antenna dual resonant bands. The antenna operates at the two WLAN services of 2.65–3.25 and 5–7 GHz with stopband with total reflection at 4.5 GHz. The designed filtering characteristics are based on current coupling for the dual-band functions and current neutralization for the stopband function. Moreover, the proposed antenna has a very high radiation efficiency of 97 and 99% at 3 and 6 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed antenna exhibits an omni-directional radiation pattern with coplanar waveguide feed for simple integration with passive/active devices. Moreover, the antenna properties are achieved with a compact antenna size (30 × 30 mm2). With all presented results, the proposed antenna is very competitive over recent relevant antennas. In addition, a very good agreement between theoretical, full-wave simulations and measurements is achieved.
Improving a Multilevel Turbulence Closure Model for a Shallow Lake in Comparison With Other 1‐D Models
Authors: Sun Lei , Liang Xin‐Zhong , Ling Tiejun , Xu Min , Lee Xuhui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLakes differ from lands in water availability, heat capacity, albedo, and roughness, which affect local surface‐atmospheric interactions. This study modified a multilevel upper ocean model (UOM) for lake applications and evaluated its performance in Lake Taihu (China) with comprehensive measurements against three popular one‐dimensional (1‐D) lake models. These models were based on different concepts, including the self‐similarity (FLake), the wind‐driven eddy diffusion (LISSS), the k‐ε turbulence closure (SIMSTRAT), and a simplified turbulence closure (UOM). The surface flux scheme in these models was unified to exclude the discrepancies in representing air‐lake exchanges. All models in their default formulations presented obvious cold water temperature biases and largely underestimated the lake surface temperature (LST) diurnal range. For each model, these deficiencies were significantly reduced by incorporating new physics schemes or calibrated tunable parameters based on systematic sensitivity tests. The primary modifications for UOM included (1) a new scheme of decreased surface roughness lengths to better characterize the shallow lake, (2) a solar radiation penetration scheme with increased light extinction coefficient and surface absorption fraction to account for the high water turbidity, and (3) turbulent Prandtl number increased by a factor of 20 to reduce the turbulent vertical mixing. All other models were improved in these three aspects (roughness, extinction, and mixing) within their original formulations. Given these improvements, UOM showed superior performance to other models in capturing LST diurnal cycle and daily to seasonal variations, as well as summer‐autumn vertical stratification changes. The new UOM is well suited for application in shallow lakes.
Structural Controls on Crustal Fluid Circulation and Hot Spring Geochemistry Above a Flat‐Slab Subduction Zone, Peru
Authors: Scott B. E. , Newell D. L. , Jessup M. J. , Grambling T. A. , Shaw C. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHot spring geochemistry from the Cordillera Blanca and Cordillera Huayhuash, Peru, reveal the influence of crustal‐scale structures on geothermal fluid circulation in an amagmatic region located above a flat‐slab subduction zone. To test the influence of contrasting modes of faulting in these regions, springs were targeted along the Cordillera Blanca detachment fault, within its hanging wall, in the footwall of the detachment, and in the Cordillera Huayhuash. Hot springs along the Cordillera Blanca detachment fault zone are associated with recent extension and normal faulting, and those in its footwall and the Cordillera Huayhuash are located in the Marañon fold and thrust belt where compressional structures dominate. Springs along and in the hanging wall of the Cordillera Blanca detachment fault yield brackish‐saline, alkaline‐chloride waters, with oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and chlorine stable isotope values that suggest mixing between meteoric groundwater and saline brine affected by high water‐rock interaction. Geothermometry reservoir temperature estimates (RTEs) of 91–226°C indicate maximum flow path depths of 8.7 or 11 km, depending on geothermal gradient, associated with the Cordillera Blanca detachment fault. In contrast, springs in the footwall and in the Cordillera Huayhuash exhibit a wide range of water types with an isotopic affinity to meteoric water, suggesting a greater influence from shallow groundwater and less water‐rock interaction. For these springs, RTEs of 40–98°C correspond to much shallower circulation (1.6–4 km). Results indicate that the Cordillera Blanca detachment system accommodates significantly deeper circulation of crustal fluids compared to other regional compressional structures.
Plasma Sheet Boundary Layer in Jupiter's Magnetodisk as Observed by Juno
Authors: Zhang X.‐J. , Ma Q. , Artemyev A. V. , Li W. , Kurth W. S. , Mauk B. H. , Clark G. , Allegrini F. , Gershman D. J. , Bolton S. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Juno spacecraft has been orbiting Jupiter for the past 3 years. During this interval, Juno has collected large datasets of plasma, magnetic field, and wave measurements in Jupiter's magnetosphere. In this study, we conduct statistics on the plasma and wave characteristics in Jupiter's magnetodisk (nightside magnetosphere beyond 20 Jupiter radii, RJ). Distributions of electron fluxes and waves in the magnetodisk exhibit different characteristics in two regions: the plasma sheet with dense plasma and weak wave intensity and the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) occupied by strong waves and rarefied plasma. We discuss that these waves can be generated by field‐aligned high‐energy electrons in the PSBL. We further compare plasma and wave properties in the PSBL of Jupiter's magnetodisk with the PSBL in Earth's magnetotail. This comparison suggests that the PSBL in Jupiter's magnetodisk may be formed by transient magnetic reconnection in the Jovian magnetosphere. The dawn‐dusk asymmetry of the PSBL properties further supports this scenario: the PSBL is more pronounced in the dawn flank of Jupiter's magnetodisk, where magnetic reconnection is predicted to occur by models of the rotation‐dominated magnetosphere. We further discuss properties of the Jovian PSBL and implications on magnetic reconnection in Jupiter's magnetosphere.
Bioerosion on Late Quaternary Planktonic Foraminifera Related to Paleoproductivity in the Western South Atlantic
Authors: Frozza C. F. , Pivel M. A. G. , Suárez‐Ibarra J. Y. , Ritter M. N. , Coimbra J. C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlanktonic Foraminifera are widely used in paleoceanographic reconstructions, although studies of their trophic interactions are still rare, especially those focusing on predation. Drilling holes are the most frequent traces of bioerosion in foraminifer tests, but environmental factors that control bioerosion are not yet understood. To determine if paleoceanographic variables are associated with bioerosion rates in late Quaternary planktonic foraminifers of the western South Atlantic, geochemical and assemblage analyses were made on a 46 kyr record from a piston core. An age model was constructed based on 10 AMS 14C dates. To reconstruct the paleoproductivity, δ13C, benthic/planktonic foraminifer and the relative abundances of Globigerina bulloides and Globigerinoides ruber (high and low productivity, respectively) were used. Bioeroded tests were counted and found in 21 of the 25 identified species, with frequencies ranging from 8.84% to 16.7%. Bioerosion was different in two groups identified by cluster analysis, with a higher intensity during glacial times, showing a strong correlation with paleoceanographic fluctuations. Paleoproductivity estimates and bioerosion rates show a significant correlation, suggesting that bioerosion is more frequent in eutrophic environments and more inhibited in oligotrophic conditions. However, even with a strong correlation between bioerosion and productivity, there is also a negative correlation with sea surface temperature in the study area. Since conditions that promote higher productivity are accompanied by a decrease in surface temperature, the precise distinction between the influence of both variables is hampered. Further research will allow us to explore the potential of planktonic foraminiferal bioerosion as a tool in paleoceanographic studies.