bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of infrared thermography to noninvasively assess neonatal piglet temperature
Authors: Schmitt Oceane , O’Driscoll Keelin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHypothermia is risk factor for piglet neonatal mortality, especially for low birth weight piglets. Piglets with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) also have a higher mortality risk at birth. This study aimed to validate infrared thermography (IRT) as an alternative to rectal temperature (RT) to measure piglet temperature in the hour postpartum, and to identify piglets with thermoregulation difficulties. At birth (6.3 ± 0.35 min postpartum), 67 piglets were dried, weighed, scored for growth retardation (IUGR; 0–3), and isolated in a plastic box where IRT images were taken, followed by RT. Piglets were then returned to the farrowing pen, and the process repeated at 15, 30, and 60 min postpartum. Piglets were ranked according to their weight (quartiles: 0.57–1.27 kg, 1.27–1.5 kg, 1.5–1.74 kg, 1.74–2.44 kg). Temperatures (ear base and tip; minimum, maximum and average of back) were extracted from IRT images (Thermacam Researcher Pro 2.0). Pearson correlations between temperature measures were calculated, and the effect of time, IUGR score, and weight were included in linear mixed models (SAS 9.4). RT was correlated with all IRT data across time points (P &lt; 0.05); correlations were strongest with the ear base, and weakest with the ear tip and minimum back temperature. Both IUGR score and weight rank affected ear base (P &lt; 0.05) and RTs (P &lt; 0.05). The lightest piglets, and piglets with severe IUGR had the lowest temperature, relative to their counterparts. Indeed, differences between all weights categories were significant for RT. Piglets with the lowest weight (0.27–1.27 kg) had lower ear base temperatures than piglets in the third quartile (1.5–1.74 kg; 35.2 ± 0.36 °C vs. 36.5 ± 0.35 °C, t64.9 = −4.51, P &lt; 0.001) and the heaviest piglets (1.74–2.44 kg; 35.2 ± 0.36 °C vs. 36.4 ± 0.36 °C, t70.4 = −3.97, P &lt; 0.005). Overall, piglets with severe IUGR (score 3) had a lower RT than normal piglets (score 0; 35.8 ± 0.46 °C vs. 37.2 ± 0.42 °C, t43.1 = 3.16, P &lt; 0.05) and piglets with mild IUGR (score 1; 35.8 ± 0.46 °C vs. 37.1 ± 0.40 °C, t45.3 = 2.92, P &lt; 0.05); and they also had lower temperature at the base of the ear than normal piglets (35.1 ± 0.42 °C vs. 36.3 ± 0.36 °C, t63.1 = 3.01, P &lt; 0.05). These results confirmed that IRT is an interesting noninvasive tool for assessing neonatal piglets’ thermoregulatory abilities and could be used in research investigating successful interventions for piglets at risk of hypothermia.
When a Child Is Found Dead: The Role of the Forensic Nurse Death Investigator and Psychosocial Impact for Parents
Authors: Clements Paul Thomas , O’Neal Bobbi Jo 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The traumatic death of a child is an immediately life-changing event. In all cases, a parent who finds that their child has died suddenly and violently is no longer the same person. Early in the chaotic aftermath of this journey, they will likely be disoriented and affectively numb because their sense of an otherwise predicted life trajectory has been destroyed in an instant. Subsequently, early in the arrival of the forensic nurse death investigator, there will be multidimensional challenges to be strategically navigated during scene investigation while simultaneously ensuring awareness of psychosocial issues that will have an enduring impact on an adaptive trajectory of bereavement for a surviving parent.
Whole exome sequencing for diagnosis of hereditary thrombocytopenia
Authors: Mekchay Ponthip , Ittiwut Chupong , Ittiwut Rungnapa , Akkawat Benjaporn , Le Grand Supang Maneesri , Leela-adisorn Netchanok , Muanpetch Suwanna , Khovidhunkit Weerapan , Sosothikul Darintr , Shotelersuk Vorasuk , Suphapeetiporn Kanya , Rojnuckarin Ponlapat 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Hereditary thrombocytopenia comprises extremely diverse diseases that are difficult to diagnose by phenotypes alone. Definite diagnoses are helpful for patient (Pt) management.
To evaluate the role of whole exome sequencing (WES) in these Pts.
Cases with unexplained long-standing thrombocytopenia and/or suggestive features were enrolled to the observational study. Bleeding scores and blood smear were evaluated. The variant pathogenicity from WES was determined by bioinformatics combined with all other information including platelet aggregometry, flow cytometry, and electron microscopy (EM).
Seven unrelated Pts were recruited. All were female with macrothrombocytopenia. Clinical bleeding was presented in four Pts; extra-hematological features were minimal and family history was negative in every Pt. WES successfully identified all the 11 responsible mutant alleles; of these, four have never been previously reported. Pt 1 with GNE-related thrombocytopenia showed reduced lectin binding by flow cytometry, increased glycogen granules by EM and a novel homozygous mutation in GNE. Pts 2 and 3 had phenotypic diagnoses of Bernard Soulier syndrome and novel homozygous mutations in GP1BB and GP1BA, respectively. Pt 4 had impaired microtubule structures, concomitant delta storage pool disease by EM and a novel heterozygous TUBB1 mutation. Pt 5 had sitosterolemia showing platelets with reduced ristocetin responses and a dilated membrane system on EM with compound heterozygous ABCG5 mutations. Pts 6 and 7 had MYH9 disorders with heterozygous mutations in MYH9.
This study substantiates the benefits of WES in identifying underlying mutations of macrothrombocytopenia, expands mutational spectra of four genes, and provides detailed clinical features for further phenotype-genotype correlations.
Laparoscopic anterior resection of rectum for rectal deeply infiltrating endometriosis
Authors: Yang Yong-Ping , Yu Ling-Yun , Shi Jian , Li Jian-nan , Wang Min , Liu Tong-Jun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Laparoscopic anterior resection of rectum (AR) is one of surgical approaches for deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). Up to date, no clinical trials have clearly analyzed the short-term and long-term complications post-surgically, indications or feasibilities for surgical procedure, or post-operative recovery. The aims of this trial were to evaluate the indications for laparoscopic AR, the short-term and long-term complications post-surgically, post-operative recovery.
We conducted a prospective study of 29 patients. They were divided into 2 groups. The period of follow-up was 12 months post-surgery. In our study, we recruited patents with laparoscopic AR experiencing failure of medical treatment (3 months) or associated infertility (>2cycles). The operative data and short term and long term complications were recorded. The outcomes of laparoscopic AR group were assessed by questionnaires, such as NRS (numeric rating scale), KESS (Knowles-Eccersley-Scott Symptom Questionnaire), VAS (visual analogue scale), WCS (Wexner constipation score) and ABS (Abdominal Bloating Score), which were compared with the outcomes of medicine group at set time points of baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months. The overall outcomes of the two groups were assessed with 5-point Likert Scale.
Patients in surgery group were recovery rapidly without serious short term or long term complications. All of NRS, KESS, VAS, WCS, and ABS in surgery group were getting better greatly than that in medicine group (3.04 ± 1.91 vs 5.41 ± 3.01, 5.64 ± 1.54 vs 7.01 ± 1.03, 0.50 ± 0.38 vs 3.58 ± 2.01, 4.43 ± 1.02 vs 8.92 ± 2.45, and 0.61 ± 0.34 vs 1.42 ± 0.71) at 3 months post-operation. However, the advantage of surgery group was almost vanished at 12 months (4.02 ± 2.53 vs 5.99 ± 2.31, 7.42 ± 3.17 vs 10.98 ± 2.53, 1.59 ± 1.3 vs 2.23 ± 1.59, 6.01 ± 2.53 vs 7.90 ± 3.25, and 1.31 ± 1.05 vs 1.39 ± 1.02). Furthermore, we compared the overall outcomes between the 2 groups with 5-point Likert Scale, with confirmation of the advantage at 3 months post-surgically. Additionally, we compared these questionnaires, with the finding that VAS and 5-point Likert Scale of surgery group had the same changes. Finally, a table of indications for laparoscopic AR were tabulated according our clinical experience.
Patients can receive benefit from both medicine and laparoscopic AR. However, laparoscopic AR has obvious advantage of rapid symptom relief. Further studies and clinical data collections are required for indications and feasibility of combined therapy.
Infliximab as Rescue Therapy for Hospitalized Patients With Crohn's Disease Failing Intravenous Corticosteroids
Authors: Patel Anish Vinit , Moore Jacqueline , Sultan Keith 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Infliximab (IFX) has been shown to be effective rescue therapy for hospitalized ulcerative colitis patients failing intravenous (IV) corticosteroids (CS). There is little evidence, however, describing its use in similar hospitalized Crohn's Disease (CD) patients.

Study Question:
To determine if IFX is an effective rescue therapy for IV CS resistant CD patients.

Study Design:
A retrospective study of inpatients with CD who received IFX as rescue therapy at 2 tertiary care hospitals from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2016. Records were reviewed for demographics, disease activity, preadmission and inpatient treatment, surgical rates, and 30- and 90-day readmission rates. Measures and Outcomes: Efficacy of IFX as rescue therapy was defined by discharge without surgery and readmission rates. Only patients failing IV CS before IFX were included in the final analysis.

Results:
Forty patients received IFX, of which 17 had failed IV CS. Four patients were receiving outpatient IFX therapy, but still received IV CS during hospitalization before IFX. The mean duration of IV CS therapy before IFX was 6.9 days. Of the 15 patients (88%) who responded to rescue IFX, the median hospital stay following IFX was 3 days (range 3–18 days). Readmission rates were 29% and 47% at 30 and 90 days respectively, without further surgeries noted.

Conclusions:
In our series of hospitalized CD patients failing IV CS, those treated with IFX had low rates of urgent surgery and a generally rapid response to treatment, supporting IFX as an effective rescue therapy. By only including those with prior failure of IV CS, we have likely excluded patients for whom IFX was given in the hospital for reasons other than severe disease. Our results suggest that individuals with severe acute CD flare can be treated with early introduction of IFX, avoiding prolonged CS use, and hospitalization.
Stability versus fragility: new evidence from 84 banks
Authors: Ali Mohsin , Haroon Omair , Rizvi Syed Aun R. , Azmi Wajahat 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to examine whether competition from Islamic banks add to the financial stability and profitability of financial sector and to assess the sources of such (in)stability.

Design/methodology/approach
Using Herfindahl–Hirschman Index as a measure of competition and Z-score as a measure of stability, the authors run panel GMM regressions to assess their association with data from 84 banks in Indonesia and Malaysia over a period from 2005 to 2018.

Findings
Increasing competition from Islamic banks in East Asian banking industry adds to the stability of the system while it does not affect profitability. This stability is derived from both asset and liability side.

Research limitations/implications
While adding to the literature on banking and Islamic finance, this paper suggests to the policy makers that policies promoting Islamic banking will tend to assist in enhancing financial sector stability.

Practical implications
Growth in alternative financial instruments brings steadiness within the financial structure. Such growth and competition should be encouraged.

Originality/value
The paper exploits an interesting setting of dual-banking industry in two large Muslim-majority developing country for testing two competing theories: competition-fragility and competition-stability. Such a setting also allowed us to examine whether increasing stability of financial sector is driven by demand or supply.
Effect of transit road quality on trade costs in East Africa
Authors: Kaminchia Sheila 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper provides an empirical estimate of the effect that upgrading of roads along the two main transit routes in the East African Community (EAC) had on the total bilateral trade costs facing manufacturing industries. The transit routes are the Northern Corridor and the Central Corridor, which link the capital cities of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda to the seaports of Mombasa in Kenya and Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. This paper exploits information on the condition of roads along these routes, which is published by government and donor agencies. The reports pertain to road projects that were completed in the period 2004–2010, and indicate that the share of paved roads in good condition along the Corridors doubled between 2003 and 2010. This study estimates that the increase in the quality of transit roads lowered both domestic and cross‐border trade costs, and that the latter effect is larger than the former. The study also finds that the increase in trade volumes due to better transit roads is attributable to industries producing output with above median weight. These industries dominate the EAC manufacturing sector, suggesting that a compositional change in cross‐border trade flows arising from better transit roads is unlikely.
Bimonthly surveillance of wild rodents and chigger mites in urban parks in Daegu from 2018 to 2019
Authors: Kim Yeong Bu , Choi Moon Bo , Kwon Ohseok 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTsutsugamushi disease is caused byOrientia tsutsugamushi, which is transmitted to humansviachigger mites in wild rodents, among other animal hosts. It has become a recurring health problem in South Korea with increasing numbers of cases since 2010s and most cases occurring in October through December. However, studies on chigger mites and wild rodents in urban areas in South Korea are inadequate. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the species composition of chigger mites and wild rodents, their seasonal distribution, and pathogen rates of chigger mitesviaa 2‐year surveillance study at six urban parks in Daegu. Monthly surveillance of wild rodents and chigger mites was conducted at urban parks in Daegu from 2018 to 2019. Chigger mites were isolated from the collected rodents bimonthly. A total of 31 rodents were collected, with a trap rate and percentage of chigger mite infection of 0.52 and 61.3%, respectively. A total of 273 chigger mites were collected, with a chigger index (CI) of 14.4. Six species of chigger mites from two genera were collected, withLeptotrombidium pallidumbeing the most common (n = 127, 31.8%). Chigger mites were most frequent at riverside parks (n = 95, 34.8%). To detectO. tsutsugamushiin chigger mites, 40 pools of chigger mites (n = 273) were analyzed. All analyzed pools showed negative results. In conclusion, the populations of chigger mites and wild rodents in the six parks surveyed were smaller than those in the other regions in South Korea. Both the population and minimum positive rates of chigger mites in urban Daegu indicated a low threat of Tsutsugamushi disease. However, attention should still be paid to preventing this disease.
A closed max‐t test for multiple comparisons of areas under the ROC curve
Authors: Blanche Paul , Dartigues Jean‐François , Riou Jérémie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractComparing areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) is a popular approach to compare prognostic biomarkers. The aim of this paper is to present an efficient method to control the family‐wise error rate when multiple comparisons are performed. We suggest to combine the max‐t test and the closed testing procedures. We build on previous work on asymptotic results for ROC curves and on general multiple testing methods to efficiently take into account both the correlations between the test statistics and the logical constraints between the null hypotheses. The proposed method results in an uniformly more powerful procedure than both the single‐step max‐t test procedure and popular stepwise extensions of the Bonferroni procedure, such as Bonferroni–Holm. As demonstrated in this paper, the method can be applied in most usual contexts, including the time‐dependent context with right censored data. We show how the method works in practice through a motivating example where we compare several psychometric scores to predict the t‐year risk of Alzheimer's disease. The example illustrates several multiple testing settings and demonstrates the advantage of using the proposed methods over common alternatives. R code has been made available to facilitate the use of the methods by others.
Baseline structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging predicts early treatment response in schizophrenia with radiomics strategy
Authors: Cui Long‐Biao , Fu Yu‐Fei , Liu Lin , Wu Xu‐Sha , Xi Yi‐Bin , Wang Hua‐Ning , Qin Wei , Yin Hong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMultimodal neuroimaging features provide opportunities for accurate classification and personalized treatment options in the psychiatric domain. This study aimed to investigate whether brain features predict responses to the overall treatment of schizophrenia at the end of the first or a single hospitalization. Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from two independent samples (N = 85 and 63, separately) of schizophrenia patients at baseline were included. After treatment, patients were classified as responders and non‐responders. Radiomics features of gray matter morphology and functional connectivity were extracted using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator. Support vector machine was used to explore the predictive performance. Prediction models were based on structural features (cortical thickness, surface area, gray matter regional volume, mean curvature, metric distortion, and sulcal depth), functional features (functional connectivity), and combined features. There were 12 features after dimensionality reduction. The structural features involved the right precuneus, cuneus, and inferior parietal lobule. The functional features predominately included inter‐hemispheric connectivity. We observed a prediction accuracy of 80.38% (sensitivity: 87.28%; specificity 82.47%) for the model using functional features, and 69.68% (sensitivity: 83.96%; specificity: 72.41%) for the one using structural features. Our model combining both structural and functional features achieved a higher accuracy of 85.03%, with 92.04% responder and 80.23% non‐responders to the overall treatment to be correctly predicted. These results highlight the power of structural and functional MRI‐derived radiomics features to predict early response to treatment in schizophrenia. Prediction models of the very early treatment response in schizophrenia could augment effective therapeutic strategies.
Chromosome 14 deletions, rings, and epilepsy genes: A riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma
Authors: Vaisfeld Alessandro , Spartano Serena , Gobbi Giuseppe , Vezzani Annamaria , Neri Giovanni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe ring 14 syndrome is a rare condition caused by the rearrangement of one chromosome 14 into a ring‐like structure. The formation of the ring requires two breakpoints and loss of material from the short and long arms of the chromosome. Like many other chromosome syndromes, it is characterized by multiple congenital anomalies and developmental delays. Typical of the condition are retinal anomalies and drug‐resistant epilepsy. These latter manifestations are not found in individuals who are carriers of comparable 14q deletions without formation of a ring (linear deletions). To find an explanation for this apparent discrepancy and gain insight into the mechanisms leading to seizures, we reviewed and compared literature cases of both ring and linear deletion syndrome with respect to both their clinical manifestations and the role and function of potentially epileptogenic genes. Knowledge of the epilepsy‐related genes in chromosome 14 is an important premise for the search of new and effective drugs to combat seizures. Current clinical and molecular evidence is not sufficient to explain the known discrepancies between ring and linear deletions.
Probing the hierarchy of evidence to identify the best strategy for placing class II dental composite restorations using current materials
Authors: Ferracane Jack L. , Lawson Nathaniel C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this review is to present a synopsis of the existing clinical and in vitro evidence regarding placement of direct class II restorations with dental composites of varying viscosities, focusing on the marginal integrity achievable.OverviewThe literature on class II composites placed with various techniques was searched through PubMed, Scopus, and the citations of identified articles, focusing on aspects related to adaptation and clinical performance. Studies comparing layering of conventional composite to layering with a flowable liner, including the “snow plow technique,” use of warmed composite, flowable bulk‐fill liners with a conventional composite capping layer, and bulk‐fill restorative in a single or incremental fill (including placement with sonic energy and dual‐curing)ConclusionsIn vitro and clinical evidence does not support any one specific method or material type for achieving optimal performance when restoring class II cavity preparations with current dental composites.Clinical significanceAlthough there are many available placement methods and types of composite materials on the market for use in class II restorations, the reasonable success presented in the clinical and laboratory literature for the various approaches suggests that the most important factor for achieving success is likely careful and proper placement and light‐curing technique, independent of the approach.
Delayed hypersensitivity to antiepileptic drugs in children
Authors: Mori Francesca , Blanca‐Lopez Natalia , Caubet Jean‐Christoph , Demoly Pascal , Du Toit George , Gomes Eva R. , Kuyucu Semanur , Romano Antonino , Soyer Ozge , Tsabouri Sophia , Atanaskovic‐Markovic Marina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAntiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are widely used for the treatment of epilepsy, but they can be associated with the development of mainly delayed/non‐immediate hypersensitivity reactions (HRs). Although these reactions are usually cutaneous, self‐limited, and spontaneously resolve within days after drug discontinuation, sometime HR reactions to AEDs can be severe and life‐threatening.AimThis paper seeks to show examples on practical management of AED HRs in children starting from a review of what it is already known in literature.ResultsRisk factors include age, history of previous AEDs reactions, viral infections, concomitant medications, and genetic factors. The diagnostic workup consists of in vivo (intradermal testing and patch testing) and in vitro tests [serological investigation to exclude the role of viral infection, lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), cytokine detection in ELISpot assays, and granulysin (Grl) in flow cytometry. Treatment is based on a prompt drug discontinuation and mainly on the use of glucocorticoids.ConclusionDealing with AED HRs is challenging. The primary goal in the diagnosis and management of HRs to AEDs should be trying to accurately identify the causal trigger and simultaneously identify a safe and effective alternative anticonvulsant. There is therefore an ongoing need to improve our knowledge of HS reactions due to AED medications and in particular to improve our diagnostic capabilities.