bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimum Volume Standards in day Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Stanak Michal , Strohmaier Christoph 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: To find out if and for what indications are minimum volume standards (MVS) applied in the day surgery setting and whether the application of MVS improves patient relevant outcomes. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic literature search in seven databases on July 12th, 2019. Concerning effectiveness and safety, the data retrieved from the selected studies were systematically extracted into data-extraction tables. Two independent researchers (MS, CS) systematically assessed the quality of evidence using the quality assessment tool for individual studies of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) called Task Force Checklist for Quality Assessment of Retrospective Database Studies. No instances of disagreement occurred. No further data processing was applied.Results: The systematic literature search, together with hand search, yielded 595 hits. No prospective or controlled studies were found. Data from eight retrospective studies were used in the analysis of clinical effectiveness and safety on seven indications: anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, cataract surgery, me­niscectomy, thyroidectomy, primary hip arthroscopy, open carpal tunnel release, and rotator cuff repair. All interventions (except for carpal tunnel release and thyroidectomy) confirmed a volume-outcome relationship (VOR) with relation to surgeon/hospital volume, however, none established MVS for the respective interventions. Safety related data were reported without its relationship to surgeon/hospital volume.Conclusions: This present paper provides some evidence in favor of the VOR, however, it based on low quality retrospective data-analyses. The present results cannot offer any clear-cut MVS thresholds for the day surgery setting and so the simple transition from inpatient results (that support MVS) to the day surgery setting is questionable. Further quality assuring policy approaches should be considered.
Levobupivacaine inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of breast cancer cells by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway
Authors: Kwakye Akosua Kotaa , Kampo Sylvanus , Lv Jiaxin , Ramzan Muhammad Noman , Richard Seidu A. , Falagán Aglais Arredondo , Agudogo Jerry , Atito-Narh Evans , Yan Qiu , Wen Qing-Ping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to test the hypothesis that levobupivacaine has anti-tumour effects on breast cancer cells Results Colony formation and transwell assay were used to determine breast cancer cells proliferation. Flow Cytometry (annexin V and PI staining) was used to investigate breast cancer cells apoptosis. The effects of levobupivacaine on cellular signalling and molecular response were studied with Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and western blot. Induction of apoptosis was confirmed by cell viability, morphological changes showed cell shrinkage, rounding, and detachments from plates. The results of the western blot and Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction indicated activation of active caspase-3 and inhibition of FOXO1. The results of the flow Cytometry confirmed that levobupivacaine inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and Western blot analysis showed increased p21 and decreased cyclin D. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and western blot analysis showed that levobupivacaine significantly increased Bax expression, accompanied by a significant decreased Bcl-2 expression and inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. These findings suggested that levobupivacaine inhibits proliferation and promotes breast cancer cells apoptosis in vitro.
Voltage controlled N&#x00E9;el vector rotation in zero magnetic field at CMOS-compatible temperatures
Authors: Mahmood Ather , Echtenkamp Will , Street Mike , Wang Jun-Lei , Cao Shi , Komesu Takashi , Dowben Peter , Buragohain Pratyush , Lu Haidong , Gruverman Alexei , Parthasaraty Arun , Rakheja Shaloo , Binek Christian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Multi-functional thin films of boron (B) doped Cr2O3 exhibit voltage-controlled and nonvolatile Néel vector reorientation in the absence of an applied magnetic field, H. Toggling of antiferromagnetic states is demonstrated in prototype device structures at CMOS compatible temperatures between 300 and 400 K. Boundary magnetization associated with the Néel vector orientation serves as state variable which is read via magnetoresistive detection in a Pt Hall bar adjacent to the B: Cr2O3 film. Switching of the Hall voltage between zero and negative values implies Néel vector rotation by 90-degree. Magnetometry, spin resolved inverse photoemission, electric transport measurements and piezo force microscopy reveal B-dependent TN and resistivity enhancement, spin-canting, anisotropy reduction and dynamic polarization hysteresis. Their combined effect enables H=0, voltage controlled, nonvolatile Néel vector rotation at high-temperature. Theoretical modeling estimates switching speeds of about 100ps making B: Cr2O3 a promising multifunctional single-phase material for energy efficient nonvolatile CMOS compatible memory applications.
Serum Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase as an early predictive marker of the severity of acute pancreatitis: a retrospective study
Authors: Xiao Weiming , Liu Weili , Yin Ling , Li Yong , Lu Guotao , Liu Xinnong , Gong Weijuan , Ding Yanbing , Wang Mei , Yan Zhigang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease caused by premature activation of the zymogen, which could lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and organ failure. Currently, some clinical multi-factor scoring systems have already been used to predict the occurrence of SAP, However, all these methods are complicated and difficult to obtain the first data.Methods: Patients diagnosed with AP from January 2013 to December 2018 were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into the normal serum HBDH levels group (n-HBDH group) and the high serum HBDH levels group (h-HBDH group) according to the HBDH ≥ 182U/L after admission. The demographic parameters, laboratory data and the severity of AP in the two groups were compared. The receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the efficacy of serum HBDH in predicting persistent organ failure and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).Results: A total of 260 AP patients were enrolled, including 176 cases in the n-HBDH group and 84 cases in the h-HBDH group. The incidence of SIRS and organ failure in the h-HBDH group were significantly higher than those in n-HBDH group (both P < 0.001). In addition, the serum HBDH levels were positively correlated with Atlanta classification, Ranson score, and BISAP score (all P < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that a serum HBDH cut-off point of 195.0 U/L had optimal predictive value for the development of persistent organ failure (AUC = 77.8%) and 166.5 U/L for the development of SIRS (AUC = 72.4%).Conclusion: The elevated serum HBDH in early stage of AP is closely related to the adverse prognosis of AP patients, which can be used as a potential early biomarker for the severity of AP.
Predicting Insect Invasiveness With Whole-genome Sequencing Data
Authors: Huang Cong , Yang Nianwan , Wang Shuping , Fan Xiaodan , Pian Cong , Luo Jiapeng , Li Xi , Lang Kun , Xing Longsheng , Jiang Mingxing , Liu Wanxue , Qian Wanqiang , Simberloff Daniel , Wan Fanghao , Li Fei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Invasive alien insects threaten agriculture, biodiversity, and human livelihoods globally. Unfortunately, insect invasiveness still cannot be reliably predicted. Empirical policies of insect pest quarantine and inspection are mainly designed against species that are already problematic.
Results

We conducted a comparative genomic analysis of 37 invasive insect species and six non-invasive insect species, showing that the gene families associated with defense, protein and nucleic acid metabolism, chemosensory function, and transcriptional regulation were significantly expanded in invasive insects, suggesting that enhanced abilities in self-protection, nutrition exploitation, and locating food or mates are intrinsic features conferring invasiveness in insects. By using these intrinsic genome features, we proposed an invasiveness index and estimated the invasiveness of 99 other insect species with genome data, classifying them as highly, moderately, or minimally invasive. Insects possessing all these aforementioned enhanced abilities are predicted to be highly invasive, and vice versa. Next, a logistic-regression classifier was trained to predict insect invasiveness, achieving 93.2% accuracy.
Conclusions

We present evidence that several traits may confer invasiveness in insects and these features can be used to predict insect invasiveness accurately, and we quantify insect invasiveness with an invasiveness index.
Preoperative surgical risk assessment by evaluation of tumor blood flow using perfusion imaging by computed tomography in transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma
Authors: Hayashi Nakamasa , Mitsuya Koichi , Deguchi Shoichi , Urikura Atsushi , Endo Masahiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Complete removal of large and giant pituitary adenomas (PAs) with suprasellar extension by transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is sometimes difficult. Swelling and bleeding of a residual suprasellar tumor after incomplete removal via TSS can compress the surrounding neurovascular structures, resulting in postoperative complications. We measured PA blood flow by perfusion computed tomography (PCT) and assessed its usefulness in the preoperative prediction of postoperative hemorrhagic complications after TSS.Method: We performed PCT in 28 patients with PAs with suprasellar extension before TSS. Perfusion studies were performed with a 320-row multidetector computed tomography system. We measured cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) of the tumor (CBVt and CBFt) and normal-appearing white matter (CBVw and CBFw).Results: In all patients, CBVt was greater than CBVw. There was a statistically significant difference between CBFt and CBFw (p < 0.0001). The patients were divided into 2 groups according to CBFt: high CBF (CBFt > mean value) and low CBF (CBFt < mean value). There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of gender, age, maximum tumor diameter, suprasellar extension grade, and extent of resection. Two of the 7 patients in the high CBF group suffered from visual acuity deterioration and visual field stenosis due to postoperative hemorrhage, while no patients in the low CBF group did (p = 0.014).Conclusions: PCT may be useful in the preoperative prediction of postoperative residual tumor hemorrhage, which can be a hazardous postoperative complication after TSS for large and giant PAs.
Predicting Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation With a Data-Driven Approach
Authors: Fitzner Martin , Pedevilla Philipp , Michaelides Angelos 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Water in nature predominantly freezes with the help of foreign materials through a process known as heterogeneous ice nucleation. Although this effect was exploited more than seven decades ago in Vonnegut's pioneering cloud seeding experiments, it remains unclear what makes a material a good ice former. Here, we show through a machine learning analysis of ice nucleation simulations on a database of diverse model substrates that a set of physical descriptors for heterogeneous ice nucleation can be identified. Our results reveal that, beyond Vonnegut's original connection
with the lattice match to ice, three new microscopic and experimentally accessible factors help to predict the ice nucleating ability. These are: i) the local ordering induced in liquid water; ii) the density reduction of the liquid water near the surface; and iii) the corrugation of the adsorption energy landscape felt by water. With this we take a step towards a quantitative understanding of heterogeneous ice nucleation and the in silico design of materials to control ice formation.
Why heat transfer coefficients are unnecessary and undesirable, and how heat transfer problems are solved without them.
Authors: ADIUTORI EUGENE 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Heat transfer coefficients (h) are unnecessary and undesirable . They are unnecessary because heat transfer problems are readily solved without them. They are undesirable because they greatly complicate problems that concern nonlinear thermal behavior.

In order to understand why heat transfer coefficients are unnecessary and undesirable, it is necessary to know precisely what h is. The nomenclature in every heat transfer text should state “ h is a symbol for q/ D T ”. (Note that q = h D T and h = q/ D T are identical .)

Problems in convection heat transfer are conventionally solved using q, h, and D T —ie using q, q/ D T, and D T . It is self-evident that any problem that can be solved using q, q/ D T , and D T can also be solved using only q and D T . Therefore h (ie q/ D T ) is unnecessary.

h (ie q/ D T ) is undesirable because, when q is a nonlinear function of DT (as in free convection, condensation, and boiling), h (ie q/ D T ) is a third variable , and it greatly complicates problem solutions.

The text includes example problems that support the conclusion that h (ie q/ D T ) is unnecessary and undesirable.
Use of SHDM in Commutative Watermarking-Encryption
Authors: Schmitz Roland 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
SHDM stands for Sphere Hardening Dither Modulation and is a watermarking algorithm based on quantizing the norm of a vector extracted from the cover work. We show how SHDM can be integrated into a fully commutative watermarking encryption scheme and investigate implementations in the spatial, DCT- and DWT-domain with respect to their delity, robustness, capacity and security of encryption. The watermarking scheme, when applied in the DCT- or DWT-domain, proves to be very robust against JPEG/JPEG2000 compression. On the other hand, the spatial domain-based approach offers a large capacity. The increased robustness of the watermarking schemes, however, comes at the cost of rather weak encryption primitives, making the proposed CWE scheme suited for low - medium security applications with high robustness requirements.
Some asymptotic formulars for a Brownian motion whose dimension is variable with a regular variation from a parabolic domain to research the variation of biological species
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Che Wenbin , Zhang Jingjun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Consider a Brownian motion with a regular variation starting at an interior point of a domain D in R d+1 ,d ≥ 1, let τ D denote the ﬁrst time the Brownian motion exits from D. Estimates with exact constants for the asymptotics of logP(τ D > T) are given for T → ∞, depending on the shape of the domain D and the order of the regular variation. Furthermore, the asymptotically equivalence are obtained. The problem is motivated by the early results of Lifshits and Shi, Li in the ﬁrst exit time and Karamata in the regular variation. The methods of proof are based on their results and the calculus of variations.
Genetic evolution of class I Newcastle disease virus from poultry at live bird markets in Eastern China
Authors: Lu Xiaolong , Wang Xiaoquan , Sun Yifan , Wang Xin , Feng Lin , Chen Yu , Zhan Tiansong , Xu Naiqing , Liao Tianxing , Hu Jiao , Hu Zenglei , Gu Min , Hu Shunlin , Liu Xiaowen , Liu Xiufan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Live bird markets (LBMs) serve as a natural reservoir for class I Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and play an important role in viral evolution and spread. LBMs and commercial farms are the main sources of daily poultry products. However, limited studies are available for the class I NDV circulating at LBMs and commercial farms. In this study, significant progress has been made in sample detection and genetic analysis at LBMs and commercial farms in Eastern China.Methods: A long-term epidemiological investigation at LBMs and commercial farms in Eastern China was conducted. We sequentially conducted the collection of samples, virus isolation, RNA extraction, RT-PCR, and phylogenetic analysis. We also analyzed class I NDVs deposited in NCBI during 2002–2018 from China in terms of the host, genotype, time, and functional domains.Results: Here we report that class I NDVs continue to circulate in LBMs. Class I NDVs were detected at a high prevalence in chickens (23/26) but were seldom detected in waterfowl (3/26) at LBMs. In contrast, class I NDVs were rarely detected in commercial chickens but were present in commercial waterfowl at a certain frequency before they were brought to the LBMs. This observation suggests that the mixture of poultry and the conventional housing at LBMs cause the spread of class I NDVs. Sequence analysis of Class I NDV genomes deposited in NCBI during 2002–2018 from China revealed a high prevalence of class I NDVs in terrestrial birds (82.7%), which was much higher than in water birds (17.3%). In addition, we found that the class I NDVs predominantly belonged to the sub-genotype 3c and rarely evolved into a new sub-genotype such as the 3d. Furthermore, the epidemic sub-genotype 3c seems to be under ongoing evolution.Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that the traditional feeding mode at LBMs causes the spread of class I NDVs and poses a great risk of NDV epidemics in the poultry industry in Eastern China. The sub-genotype 3c is circulating at LBMs and currently the terrestrial bird is the predominant host of class I NDVs.
Radiopharmacokinetic Modelling and Radiation Dose Assessment of 223ra Used for Treatment of Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Höllriegl Vera , Petoussi-Henss Nina , Ramos Juan Camilo Ocampo , Li Wei Bo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose

Ra-223-Dichloride (223Ra, Xofigo®) is used for treatment of patients suffering from castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. The objective of this work was to apply the most recent biokinetic model for radium and its progeny and dosimetric framework developed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and to show their radiopharmacokinetic behaviour. Organ absorbed and equivalent doses after intravenous injection of 223Ra were estimated and compared to clinical data and other modelling study.
Methods

The most recent ICRP systemic biokinetic model of 223Ra and its progeny as well as the ICRP human alimentary tract model were applied for the radiopharmacokinetic modelling of Xofigo® biodistribution in patients after bolus administration. Independent kinetics was assumed for the progeny of 223Ra. The time activity curves for 223Ra were modelled and the time integrated activity coefficients, in the source regions for each progeny were determined. For estimating the organ absorbed doses, the Specific Absorbed Fractions (SAF) and dosimetric framework of ICRP were used together with the aforementioned values to estimate the organ absorbed and equivalent doses.
Results

The distribution of 223Ra after injection showed a rapid plasma clearance and a low urinary excretion. Main elimination was via faeces. Bone retention was found to be about 30% at 4 h post-injection. Similar tendencies were observed in clinic trials. The highest absorbed dose coefficients were found for bone endosteum, liver, and red marrow, followed by kidneys and colon.
Conclusion

The biokinetic modelling of 223Ra and its progeny may help to predict their distributions in patients after administration of Xofigo®. The organ dose coefficients of this work showed some variation to the values from clinical studies and of a previous compartmental modelling study. The dose to the bone endosteum was found to be lower by a factor of ca. 3 than previously estimated.
Characterization of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma From Jamaican Patients
Authors: HARRISON SHARON Rosemarie , Ragin Camille C , Liu Jeffery , Chin Sheray , Reid Marvin , Escoffery Carlos 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
HNSCC is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the seventh most common in Jamaica. Mortality rates for HNSCC in the Caribbean are among the highest in the world. Despite this there is no information on the molecular characterization of these cancers and the relative contribution of tobacco and HPV in this population. This study will examine the molecular features of HNSCC as it relates to p16 expression and HPV in patients from Jamaica. There were no previous published studies of this kind conducted in the English-speaking Caribbean.Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from patients diagnosed with HNSCC at the Department of Pathology, University of the West Indies and the National Public Health Laboratory from 2001–2010. Clinical information was extracted for all patients. P16 immunohistochemistry was performed using P16INK4A clone E6H4 mouse anti-human protein and identification of HR-HPV DNA was done by standard PCR using MY09/MY11 consensus primers of the L1 HR-HPV gene.Results: The study population consisted of 327 HNSCC cases with ages ranging from 18 to 92 years (mean, 65 yrs. ± 15 SD). There were 254 males and 63 females (10 unreported sex) with M: F ratio of 4:1. Most tumors were either moderately differentiated 147/327 (45%) or were poorly differentiated 55/327 (17%). This study cohort consisted of patients diagnosed with cancer of the larynx (57.5%), oral cavity (19.3%), other sites including lip, salivary gland and nasopharynx (14.7%) and oropharynx (8.6%). FFPE tissues from all cases were tested for p16; the majority 255/327 (78%) were negative and 71/327 (21.7%) were positive. All p16 + cases along with a subset of 60 randomly selected p16- cases were tested for HR-HPV by PCR. There were nine p16 + cases which were also positive for HR-HPV DNA. HPV 16 was detected in all cases, one case had HPV16 and 18, and another had HPV 16, 18, 39, 68 and 73. None of the sixty p16- cases were positive for HR-HPV. The nine patients that were HR-HPV + and p16 + had a mean age of 61 years ± 15 SD (range 39–83 years) with a M: F ratio of 8:1. All of these patients had moderately differentiated tumors, from oropharynx and larynx (44.4%) each and oral cavity (11.1%).Conclusion: In Jamaica, cancer of the larynx is the most common head and neck cancer. The prevalence of HPV-related HNSCC appears to be low with most patients with disease in non-oropharyngeal cancer sites. Based on what is known from the literature, our study results suggest that in Jamaica most patients are diagnosed with alcohol and tobacco driven disease. Interventions to reduce smoking and limit alcohol use are highly relevant in Jamaica. The role of HPV in HNSCC warrants further investigation in this population.