bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a Galerkin scheme to avoid the locking phenomenon: solid-fluid interaction problem
Authors: Vásquez-Coronel A , Salazar-Jurado E , Cuesta-Herrera L , Altamirano-Fernández A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Determining the response to the forces applied to an elastic solid containing an ideal fluid with constant density is essential in the engineering and biomedical fields. Therefore this paper aims to present and analyze a mixed finite element method for an interaction problem solid-fluid that contributes to understanding these areas. It is assumed transmission conditions are maintained at the fluid boundary and are given by the balance of forces and the equality of normal displacements. The mixed variational formulation that avoids the locking phenomenon, for the coupled problem is in terms of displacement, stress tensor, and rotation in the solid and by pressure and scalar potential in the fluid, the main contribution of this work. The first transmission condition is imposed in the definition of the space and the rest of the conditions appear naturally, which means Lagrange multipliers are not needed at the coupling border. The unknowns for the fluid and the solid are approximated by finite element subspaces of Lagrange and Arnold-Falk-Winther of order 1, which lead to a Galerkin scheme for the continuous problem. Also, the resulting Galerkin scheme is convergent and derives optimal convergence rates. Finally, the model is illustrated using a numerical example.
Simulation of pollutants transport in rivers and its effect on the dynamics of a species by a high order method
Authors: Acosta-Minoli C A , Carmona P C , Mesa-Mazo M J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the study of environmental transport phenomena, there is a standard analytic methodology to compute distribution, transport, and the fate of a pollutant in unbounded domains. However, to solve the problem in a nontrivial geometry accurately requires the use of a robust computational tool. This paper shows a derivation and an evaluation of a high order spectral element method to simulate the distribution and transport of a pollutant in surface waters and its effect on the population dynamics of a species. The algorithm implements a continuous Galerkin spectral element method in space and the trapezoid scheme to integrate in time. Finally, to validate the numerical method, this paper presents a time-space convergence study. Then, we simulated the transport of pollution runoff over a channel and its effect on a single species population dynamic.
Factors associated with capacities development in learning physic associate on numerical systems and Hamming code
Authors: Rojas-Suarez J P , Bustos-Urbano V J , Vergel-Ortega M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
the research uses mixed, participatory action research tools within qualitative research, and factor analysis from the positivist approach; identifies and analyses factors associated with problem solving in capacity development within the framework of the metacognitive in learning of the physic, associate to approach with operations of numerical systems and detection error with Hamming code, is apply in the childhood of public educational institutions located in the border area of the Municipality of Villa del Rosario, Colombia. For this purpose, a diagnostic test was applied (α = 0.78), which allowed the identification of difficulties and variables related to learning and application in real contexts (r = 0.81); and a post-test (K = 0.7), that evaluates projects as a didactic strategy. There was evidence of the construction of knowledge and the application of these to practical life, also revealed that it was possible to awaken interest and motivation in students which significantly improved their level of analysis, interpretation and reasoning. Associated factors were coexistence (α = 0.788), emotional proposal didactics (α = 0.751), metacognitive skills (α = 0.767), self-control (α = 0.718), evaluation (α = 0.712), strategies and abilities in physic through the method and its application in logical circuits with indicators cognitive, attitudinal, motor processes.
Spaceborne detection of XCO2 enhancement induced by Australian mega-bushfires
Authors: Wang Jun , Liu Zhiqiang , Zeng Ning , Jiang Fei , Wang Hengmao , Ju Weimin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The 2019–20 Australian mega-bushfires, which raged particularly over New South Wales and Victoria, released large amounts of toxic haze and CO2. Here, we investigate whether the resulting CO2 enhancement can be directly detected by satellite observations, based on National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) column-averaged CO2 (XCO2) product. We find that smoke from wildfires can greatly obscure satellite observations, making the available XCO2 mainly locate over outer fringes of plumes downwind of the major mega-bushfires in eastern Australia in three orbit observations during November–December 2019, with their enhancements of approximately 1.5 ppm. This fire-induced CO2 enhancement is further confirmed using an atmospheric transport model, Goddard Earth Observing System-Chem, forced by satellite observation-derived fire product Global Fire Emissions Database, version 4.1 and wind observations, with comparable simulated XCO2 enhancements. Model simulation also suggests that the sensitivity of the downwind maximum XCO2 enhancement is 0.41

±

0.04 ppm for 1 TgC d−1 fire emissions. In sum, though detectable to some extent, it remains a challenge to get the accurate maximum XCO2 enhancements due to the gaps in XCO2 detections obscured by smoke. Understanding the capability of OCO-2 XCO2 detection is prerequisite for monitoring and constraining wildfire CO2 emissions by inversions.
The Association of Orthostatic Hypotension With Ambulatory Blood Pressure Phenotypes in SPRINT
Authors: Ghazi Lama , Drawz Paul E , Pajewski Nicholas M , Juraschek Stephen P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Clinic blood pressure (BP) when measured in the seated position, can miss meaningful BP phenotypes, including low ambulatory BP (white coat effects [WCE]) or high supine BP (nocturnal non-dipping). Orthostatic hypotension (OH) measured using both seated (or supine) and standing BP, could identify phenotypes poorly captured by seated clinic BP alone.

Methods
We examined the association of OH with WCE and night-to-daytime systolic BP (SBP) in a subpopulation of SPRINT, a randomized trial testing the effects of intensive or standard (&lt;120 vs. &lt;140 mm Hg) SBP treatment strategies in adults at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. OH was assessed during follow-up (6, 12, and 24 months) and defined as a decrease in mean seated SBP ≥20 or diastolic BP ≥10 mm Hg after 1 min of standing. WCE, based on 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring performed at 27 months, was defined as the difference between 27-month seated clinic and daytime ambulatory BP ≥20/≥10 mm Hg. Reverse dipping was defined as a ratio of night-to-daytime SBP &gt;1.

Results
Of 897 adults (mean age 71.5±9.5 years, 29% female, 28% black), 128 had OH at least once. Among those with OH, 15% had WCE (vs. 7% without OH). Moreover, 25% of those with OH demonstrated a non-dipping pattern (vs. 14% without OH). OH was positively associated with both WCE (OR=2.24; 95%CI: 1.28, 4.27) and reverse dipping (OR=2.29; 95% CI: 1.31, 3.99).

Conclusions
The identification of OH in clinic was associated with two BP phenotypes often missed with traditional seated BP assessments. Further studies on mechanisms of these relationships are needed.

Clinical trials registration
Trial Number NCT03569020.
Gondwanan or global? A commentary on: ‘Fossil evidence from South America for the diversification of Cunoniaceae by the earliest Palaeocene’
Authors: Carpenter Raymond J , Rozefelds Andrew C 
Published: November 2020

This article comments on:
Nathan A. Jud and Maria A. Gandolfo, Fossil evidence from South America for the diversification of Cunoniaceae by the earliest Palaeocene, Annals of Botany, Volume 127, Issue 3, 16 February 2021, Pages 305–315, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa154
Homology and functions of inner staminodes inAnaxagorea javanica(Annonaceae)
Authors: Li Bingxin , Xu Fengxia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInner staminodes are widespread in Magnoliales and present in Anaxagorea and Xylopia, but were lost in the other genera of Annonaceae and have no counterparts in derived angiosperms. The coexistence of normal stamens, modified stamens and inner staminodes in Anaxagorea javanica is essential to understand the homology and pollination function of the inner staminodes. Anaxagorea javanica was subjected to an anatomical study by light and scanning electron microscopy, and the chemistry of secretions was evaluated by an amino acid analyser. Inner staminodes have a secretory apex, but do not have thecae. They bend towards either tepals or carpels at different floral stages, and function as a physical barrier preventing autogamy and promoting outcrossing. At the pistillate phase, the exudates from the inner staminodes have high concentration of amino acid, and provide attraction to pollinating insects; while abundant proline was only detected in stigmas exudates, and supply for pollen germination. Modified stamens have a secretory apex and one or two thecae, which are as long as or shorter than that of the normal stamens. As transitional structures, modified stamens imply a possible degeneration progress from normal stamens to inner staminodes: generating a secretory apex first, shortening of the thecae length next and then followed by the loss of thecae. The presence of modified stamens together with the floral vasculature and ontogeny imply that the inner staminodes are homologous with stamens.
The impact of epitranscriptomic marks on post-transcriptional regulation in plants
Authors: Yu Xiang , Sharma Bishwas , Gregory Brian D 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRibonucleotides within the various RNA molecules in eukaryotes are marked with more than 160 distinct covalent chemical modifications. These modifications include those that occur internally in messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytosine (m5C), as well as those that occur at the ends of the modified RNAs like the non-canonical 5′ end nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) cap modification of specific mRNAs. Recent findings have revealed that covalent RNA modifications can impact the secondary structure, translatability, functionality, stability and degradation of the RNA molecules in which they are included. Many of these covalent RNA additions have also been found to be dynamically added and removed through writer and eraser complexes, respectively, providing a new layer of epitranscriptome-mediated post-transcriptional regulation that regulates RNA quality and quantity in eukaryotic transcriptomes. Thus, it is not surprising that the regulation of RNA fate mediated by these epitranscriptomic marks has been demonstrated to have widespread effects on plant development and the responses of these organisms to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we highlight recent progress focused on the study of the dynamic nature of these epitranscriptome marks and their roles in post-transcriptional regulation during plant development and response to environmental cues, with an emphasis on the mRNA modifications of non-canonical 5′ end NAD+ capping, m6A and several other internal RNA modifications.
Prognostic value of vasodilator stress perfusion CMR in patients with previous coronary artery bypass graft
Authors: Kinnel Marine , Sanguineti Francesca , Pezel Théo , Unterseeh Thierry , Hovasse Thomas , Toupin Solenn , Landon Valentin , Champagne Stéphane , Morice Marie Claude , Garot Philippe , Louvard Yves , Garot Jérôme 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
The accuracy and prognostic value of stress perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) are established in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Because myocardial contrast kinetics may be altered after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), most studies excluded CABG patients. This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of vasodilator stress perfusion CMR in CABG patients.

Methods and results
Consecutive CABG patients referred for stress CMR were retrospectively included and followed for the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including cardiovascular (CV) death or non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI). Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the prognostic association of inducible ischaemia and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) by CMR. Of 866 consecutive CABG patients, 852 underwent the stress CMR protocol and 771 (89%) completed the follow-up [median (interquartile range) 4.2 (3.3–6.2) years]. There were 85 MACE (63 CV deaths and 22 non-fatal MI). Using Kaplan–Meier analysis, the presence of inducible ischaemia identified the occurrence of MACE [hazard ratio (HR) 3.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.27–5.48; P &lt; 0.001] and CV death (HR 2.55, 95% CI: 1.52–4.25; P &lt; 0.001). In a multivariable stepwise Cox regression including clinical characteristics and CMR indexes, the presence of inducible ischaemia was an independent predictor of a higher incidence of MACE (HR 3.22, 95% CI: 2.06–5.02; P &lt; 0.001) and CV death (HR 2.15, 95% CI: 1.28–3.62; P = 0.003), and the same was observed for LGE (both P = 0.02).

Conclusion
Stress CMR has a good discriminative prognostic value in patients after CABG, with a higher incidence of MACE and CV death in patients with inducible ischaemia and/or LGE.
Upside-down and kissing stent graft techniques for late extravasation of a prosthetic graft implanted in the abdominal aorta
Authors: Masuyama Shinji , Azuma Takashi , Inoue Takehiko , Ichihara Tetsuya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Extravasation of prosthetic grafts is rare. Various anatomical problems after graft replacement might make standard endovascular treatment difficult. Use of a commercially available main body requires an adequate distance of the flow divider. An 86-year-old man developed extravasation of a graft that had been implanted in the infrarenal abdominal aorta 24 years previously. Endovascular repair with upside-down and kissing stent graft techniques using the contralateral leg was successfully performed.
Sound Matters: How Sonic Formations Shape the Nuclear Deterrence and Non-Proliferation Regimes
Authors: Guillaume Xavier , Grayson Kyle 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSound matters for international political sociology. Drawing upon literature from cultural geography and sound studies, we argue that sound contributes to political dynamics that are constitutive of world politics. To capture these dynamics, we offer a set of conceptual frameworks to analyze sound. First, we differentiate the concept of sound from noise and show the importance of doing so. Second, we introduce “sonic formations” as a means of capturing how sound contributes to world politics. Third, we make the case for analyzing sound's historicity, adaptability, relationality, and performativity (SHARP) in any given context. Fourth, using sonic formations and the SHARP framework, we examine an illustrative case study: the nuclear deterrence and non-proliferation regimes. By focusing on the role of sound in these regimes, our preliminary findings demonstrate the utility for the field of undertaking additional work to capture the wider significance of sound. This includes its contributions to shaping relations of power.
Cognitive bias: how understanding its impact on antibiotic prescribing decisions can help advance antimicrobial stewardship
Authors: Langford Bradley J , Daneman Nick , Leung Valerie , Langford Dale J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The way clinicians think about decision-making is evolving. Human decision-making shifts between two modes of thinking, either fast/intuitive (Type 1) or slow/deliberate (Type 2). In the healthcare setting where thousands of decisions are made daily, Type 1 thinking can reduce cognitive load and help ensure decision making is efficient and timely, but it can come at the expense of accuracy, leading to systematic errors, also called cognitive biases. This review provides an introduction to cognitive bias and provides explanation through patient vignettes of how cognitive biases contribute to suboptimal antibiotic prescribing. We describe common cognitive biases in antibiotic prescribing both from the clinician and the patient perspective, including hyperbolic discounting (the tendency to favour small immediate benefits over larger more distant benefits) and commission bias (the tendency towards action over inaction). Management of cognitive bias includes encouraging more mindful decision making (e.g., time-outs, checklists), improving awareness of one’s own biases (i.e., meta-cognition), and designing an environment that facilitates safe and accurate decision making (e.g., decision support tools, nudges). A basic understanding of cognitive biases can help explain why certain stewardship interventions are more effective than others and may inspire more creative strategies to ensure antibiotics are used more safely and more effectively in our patients.
Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction (MSPE) Using Magnetite-Based Core-Shell Nanoparticles with Silica Network (SiO2) Coupled with GC-MS/MS Analysis for Determination of Multiclass Pesticides in Water
Authors: Alam Samsul , Srivastava Neha , Iqbal Nusrat , Saini Mahesh Kumar , Kumar Jitendra 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
For the analysis of pesticide residues in water samples, various extraction techniques are available. However, liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) are most commonly used. LLE and SPE extraction techniques each have their own disadvantages.

Objective
The aim of the study was to develop an environment-friendly multi-residue method for determination of multiclass pesticides in environmental water samples (ground water, agricultural field/irrigation run-off water, etc.).

Methods
The magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) technique using surface-fabricated magnetic nano-particles was used for extraction of water samples, followed by quantification by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The developed multi-residue method was validated in terms of linearity, LOD, LOQ, recovery, and repeatability.

Results
Recovery data were obtained at the spiking concentration level of 1, 5, and 10 µg/L, yielding recoveries in the range of 70–120%. Overall, non-polar pesticides from all the groups, i.e., synthetic pyrethroid, organophosphorus, organochlorine, herbicides, and fungicides, show acceptable recovery percentages. Good linearity (r2 value ≥ 0.99) was observed at the concentration range of 0.5–100 µg/L. RSD values were found ≤ 18.8.

Conclusions
The study shows that the method is specific, rapid, and low cost, as well as having a good linearity and recovery; thus, this method is applied in routine purposes for the analysis of pesticide residue in real water samples.

Highlights
Due to better adsorption ability, permeability, and magnetic separability, the functionalized nano-particles were found effective in the enrichment of 22 multiclass pesticides including organo-phosphorus, organo-chlorine, synthetic pyrethroid, herbicides, and fungicides.
A National Treasure? The Role of Civil Society in Promoting and Enforcing Human Rights in the United Kingdom
Authors: Samuels Harriet 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article investigates the negative attitude towards civil society over the last decade in the United Kingdom and the repercussions for human rights. It considers this in the context of the United Kingdom government’s implementation of the policy of austerity. It reflects on the various policy and legal changes, and the impact on the campaigning and advocacy work of civil society organizations, particularly those that work on social and economic rights.
Collective Bargaining Rights and Police Misconduct: Evidence from Florida
Authors: Dharmapala Dhammika , McAdams Richard H , Rappaport John 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We provide quasi-experimental evidence on the effects of law enforcement collective bargaining rights on violent incidents of misconduct. Our empirical strategy exploits a 2003 Florida Supreme Court decision (Williams) conferring collective bargaining rights on sheriffs’ deputies. Using a state administrative database of “moral character” violations over 1996–2015, we implement a difference-in-difference approach in which police departments (PDs; which were unaffected by Williams) serve as a control group for sheriffs’ offices (SOs). Our estimates imply that collective bargaining rights led to a substantial increase in violent incidents of misconduct among SOs relative to PDs. This result is robust to including only violent incidents involving officers hired before Williams, suggesting that it is due to a deterrence mechanism rather than compositional effects. In a separate event-study analysis, unionization is associated with higher levels of violent misconduct, and so appears to be a channel for the effect. (JEL K42, J50, J45).
BCCIP is required for nucleolar recruitment of eIF6 and 12S pre-rRNA production during 60S ribosome biogenesis
Authors: Ye Caiyong , Liu Bochao , Lu Huimei , Liu Jingmei , Rabson Arnold B , Jacinto Estela , Pestov Dimitri G , Shen Zhiyuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a fundamental process required for cell proliferation. Although evolutionally conserved, the mammalian ribosome assembly system is more complex than in yeasts. BCCIP was originally identified as a BRCA2 and p21 interacting protein. A partial loss of BCCIP function was sufficient to trigger genomic instability and tumorigenesis. However, a complete deletion of BCCIP arrested cell growth and was lethal in mice. Here, we report that a fraction of mammalian BCCIP localizes in the nucleolus and regulates 60S ribosome biogenesis. Both abrogation of BCCIP nucleolar localization and impaired BCCIP–eIF6 interaction can compromise eIF6 recruitment to the nucleolus and 60S ribosome biogenesis. BCCIP is vital for a pre-rRNA processing step that produces 12S pre-rRNA, a precursor to the 5.8S rRNA. However, a heterozygous Bccip loss was insufficient to impair 60S biogenesis in mouse embryo fibroblasts, but a profound reduction of BCCIP was required to abrogate its function in 60S biogenesis. These results suggest that BCCIP is a critical factor for mammalian pre-rRNA processing and 60S generation and offer an explanation as to why a subtle dysfunction of BCCIP can be tumorigenic but a complete depletion of BCCIP is lethal.