bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Integrity of Gareth Moore's Believing in God
Authors: Hinton Timothy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I defend Gareth Moore from the charge that he espoused some kind of crypto-atheism in Believing in God. I do so by examining the case against Gareth outlined in Howard Robinson's New Blackfriars article “Gareth Moore's Radical Wittgensteinianism”. I examine both the directly textual arguments Robinson presents, as well as his claim that Gareth adhered to a kind of “radical Wittgensteinianism” that involves, among other things, a commitment to materialism. More importantly, I emphasize the true integrity of Believing in God. By this I mean two things: like any worthwhile exercise in philosophy, the book has to be read as forming an integral whole. This requires both an appreciation of Gareth's philosophical and religious motives in writing it and a sense of how it hangs together as a “seamless garment”. In addition, I mean the forthrightness of Gareth's efforts to be faithful to Christianity, not a Christianity of mere – or as he puts it “empty” – belief, but a Christianity that is to be lived out truthfully in thought, word, and deed.
Duodenal mucosal secretory disturbances in functional dyspepsia
Authors: Puthanmadhom Narayanan Susrutha , Linden David R. , Peters Stephanie A. , Desai Anshuman , Kuwelker Saatchi , O’Brien Daniel , Smyrk Thomas J. , Graham Rondell P. , Grover Madhusudan , Bharucha Adil E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is increased recognition of duodenal disturbances (inflammation, altered mucosal protein expression, and chemosensitivity) in functional dyspepsia (FD). Besides sensorimotor functions, enteric submucosal neurons also regulate epithelial ion transport. We hypothesized that duodenal mucosal ion transport and expression of associated genes are altered in FD.MethodsDuodenal mucosal ion transport (basal and acetylcholine‐ and glucose‐evoked changes in short‐circuit current [Isc]) and expression of associated genes and regulatory miRNAs were evaluated in 40 FD patients and 24 healthy controls.ResultsBasal Isc (FD: 88.2 [52.6] μA/cm2vs healthy: 20.3 [50.2] μA/cm2;P ≤ .0001), acetylcholine‐evoked Isc (FD: Emax 50.4 [35.8] μA/cm2vs healthy: 16.6 [15] μA/cm2;P ≤ .001), and glucose‐evoked Isc responses (FD: Emax69.8 [42.1] μA/cm2vs healthy: 40.3 [24.6] μA/cm2;P = .02) were greater in FD than in controls. The Emax for glucose was greater in FD patients on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In FD, the mRNA expression ofSLC4A7andSLC4A4, which transport bicarbonate into cells at the basolateral surface, and the apical anion exchangerSLC26A3were reduced (false discovery rate <0.05), the serotonin receptorHTR4was increased, and the serotonin transporterSLC6A4was decreased. Selected miRNAs (hsa‐miR‐590‐3p, hsa‐miR‐32‐5p) that target genes associated with ionic transport were upregulated in FD.ConclusionsCompared to controls, FD patients had greater baseline and agonist‐evoked duodenal mucosal secretory responses. These findings may be explained by reduced gene expression, which would be anticipated to reduce luminal bicarbonate secretion. The upregulated miRNAs may partly explain the downregulation of these genes in FD.
Systematic review of randomised controlled trials to improve dietary intake for the prevention of obesity in infants aged 0–24 months
Authors: Butler Éadaoin M. , Fangupo Louise J. , Cutfield Wayne S. , Taylor Rachael W. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryImproving dietary intake early in life is a common behavioural target in obesity prevention trials. We undertook a systematic review of randomised controlled trials aiming to improve dietary intake of complementary foods during infancy (0–24 months). PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, and PsycInfo were searched for trials focussed on obesity prevention conducted between January 2000 and August 2019 where dietary intake was an outcome. Two reviewers screened studies and extracted data from selected articles. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias 2 tools. The protocol was registered on Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/6srg7/). Seventeen articles from 12 trials were selected for data extraction. Statistically significant group differences in outcomes were observed in 36 of 165 (21.8%) of dietary variables examined. Measurement and analysis of outcomes varied between studies. Overall risk of bias was rated as high, primarily due to missing outcome data. Improving dietary intake at this age appears challenging based on a relatively limited number of studies. Future research could consider dietary pattern analyses, which may provide more meaningful outcomes for this age group. Opportunities exist for further exploration of maternal‐focussed interventions, responsive feeding interventions, and interventions delivered outside of homes.
Common variants of EDA are associated with non‐syndromic hypodontia
Authors: Al‐Ani Azza H. , Antoun Joseph S. , Thomson William M. , Topless Ruth , Merriman Tony R. , Farella Mauro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this case‐control study was to investigate the association between non‐syndromic hypodontia and nineteen common variants of candidate genes ectodysplasin A (EDA), paired box 9 (PAX9), msh homeobox 1 (MSX1) and axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2).Settings and Sample PopulationSixty‐one hypodontia cases were frequency‐matched to 253 controls with no missing teeth (excluding the third molars).Material and MethodsSelf‐report data and DNA samples were collected from each participant.ResultsThe sample had a mean age of 16.6 years (SD = 7.3), with most participants being female (59.6%), and of New Zealand European origin (75.4%). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, it was found that the T‐allele of rs12853659 (EDA) and the G‐allele of rs2428151 (EDA) were both associated with a higher risk of hypodontia (odds ratio, OR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.11‐7.01; and OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.04‐7.94, respectively). The G‐allele of rs2520378 (EDA) showed a protective effect with an OR of 0.61 (95% CI = 0.38‐0.99). The EDA SNP findings were consistent with previous reports included in a meta‐analysis. No associations were found with the PAX9, AXIN2 and MSX1 genes, after adjusting for sex and ethnicity.ConclusionsCommon variants of the EDA genes are associated with specific phenotypes of non‐syndromic hypodontia, thus confirming their role in the regulatory pathways of normal tooth development. However, larger samples are needed to investigate the association further.
Comparison of the Pull‐Out Strength between a Novel Micro‐Dynamic Pedicle Screw and a Traditional Pedicle Screw in Lumbar Spine
Authors: Qian Lei , Chen Weidong , Li Peng , Qu Dongbin , Liang Wenjie , Zheng Minghui , Ouyang Jun 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the strength of a novel micro‐dynamic pedicle screw by comparing it to the traditional pedicle screw.MethodsForty‐five lumbar vertebrae received a traditional pedicle screw on one side and a micro‐dynamic pedicle screw on the other side as follows (traditional group vs micro‐dynamic group): 15 vertebrae underwent instant pull‐out testing; 15 vertebrae underwent 5000‐cyclic fatigue loading testing; and 15 vertebrae underwent 10,000‐cyclic fatigue loading testing and micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) scanning. The peek pull‐out force and normalized peek pull‐out force after instant pull‐out testing, 5000‐cyclic and 10,000‐cyclic fatigue loading testing were recorded to estimate the resistance of two types of screws. Bone mineral density was recorded to investigate the strength of the different screws in osteoporotic patients. And the semidiameter of the screw insertion area on micro‐CT images after fatigue were compared to describe the performance between screw and bone surface.ResultsThe bone mineral density showed a weak correlation with peek pull‐out force (r = 0.252, P = 0.024). The peek pull‐out force of traditional pedicle screw after 10,000‐cyclic fatigue loading were smaller than that of instant pull‐out test in both osteoporotic (P = 0.017) and healthy group (P = 0.029), the peek pull‐out force of micro‐dynamic pedicle screw after 10,000‐cyclic fatigue loading was smaller than that in instant pull‐out test in osteoporotic group (P = 0.033), but no significant difference in healthy group (P = 0.853). The peek pull‐out force in traditional group and micro‐dynamic group underwent instant pull‐out testing (P = 0.485), and pull‐out testing after 5000‐cyclic fatigue loading testing (P = 0.184) did not show significant difference. However, the peek pull‐out force in micro‐dynamic group underwent pull‐test after 10,000‐cyclic fatigue loading testing was significantly greater than that measured in traditional group (P = 0.005). The normalized peek pull‐out force of traditional groups underwent instant pull‐out testing, pull‐out test after 5000‐cyclic and 10,000‐cyclic fatigue loading testing significantly decreased as the number of cycles increased (P < 0.001); meanwhile, the normalized peek pull‐out force of micro‐dynamic groups remained consistent regardless of the number of cycles (P = 0.133). The semidiameter after the fatigue loading test of the traditional screw insertion area was significantly larger than that of the micro‐dynamic screw insertion area (P = 0.013).ConclusionThe novel micro‐dynamic pedicle screw provides stronger fixation stability in high‐cyclic fatigue loading and non‐osteoporotic patients versus the traditional pedicle screw, but similar resistance in low‐cycle fatigue testing and osteoporotic group vs the traditional pedicle screw.
Complications of Cryptosporidium infection after pediatric liver transplantation: Diarrhea, rejection, and biliary disease
Authors: Fischer Ryan T. , Day J. Christopher , Wasserkrug Heather , Faseler Megan , Kats Alexander , Daniel James F. , Slowik Voytek , Andrews Walter , Hendrickson Richard J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCryptosporidium enteritis can be devastating in the immunocompromised host. In pediatric liver transplant recipients, infection may be complicated by prolonged carriage of the parasite, rejection, and biliary tree damage and fibrosis. Herein, we report on six patients and their long‐term outcomes following cryptosporidiosis.MethodsWe reviewed all cases of cryptosporidiosis in a pediatric liver transplant population over a 17‐year period at a single center. Six patients with infection were identified, and their outcomes were analyzed.ResultsInfection was associated with significant diarrhea and dehydration in all cases, and led to hospitalization in one‐half of patients. Four of the six patients developed biopsy‐proven rejection following infection, with three of those patients developing rejection that was recalcitrant to intravenous steroid treatment. Additionally, three patients developed biliary tree abnormalities with similarity to sclerosing cholangitis. In one patient, those biliary changes led to repeated need for biliary drain placement and advancing fibrotic liver allograft changes.ConclusionsCryptosporidiosis in pediatric liver transplant recipients may lead to significant complications, including recalcitrant episodes of rejection and detrimental biliary tree changes. We advocate for increased awareness of this cause of diarrheal disease and the allograft injuries that may accompany infection.
A need for trauma informed care in sexually transmitted disease clinics
Authors: Brewer Antonia , Colbert Alison M. , Sekula Kathleen , Bekemeier Betty 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis review examines trauma from violence as a risk factor for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among women attending STD clinics. The review also aims to suggest trauma informed care (TIC) integrated into STD clinics might more effectively address traumatic effects of violence linked to sexual risk behaviors among this population.Design and SampleA systematic literature review was conducted to identify empirical studies examining the relationship between multiple forms of violence and sexual risk behaviors among women attending STD clinics.ResultsAll studies found high rates of violence including childhood sexual abuse, intimate partner violence, and/or community violence associated with high rates of sexual risk behaviors among women attending these settings. Researchers recommend screening for multiple forms of violence, interdisciplinary STD clinic services, and more trauma informed sexual risk reduction interventions to address multiple forms of violence found prevalent among this population.ConclusionWomen attending STD clinics very often experience multiple forms of violence during their lifetime. TIC to address traumatic effects of violence might reduce sexual risk behaviors and sexually transmitted disease rates for improved health outcomes among this population.
The implementation of a dedicated education unit in a public health setting
Authors: Frie Kathryn J. , Prochnow Jenny , Meiers Sonja , Fiedler Tammy , Jones Cynthia , Bergen Silas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe dedicated education unit (DEU) is an innovative clinical model that prepares preceptors for success in clinical settings with nursing students. Though the DEU is mostly used in acute‐care settings, this project explores the implementation of a DEU in a public health setting.ObjectivesBetter preparation of public health nurses and social workers as clinical preceptors for nursing students with the implementation of a DEU in a public health setting.DesignIRB approved, pre/post survey with participant comments.MeasurementsClinical Nurse Teacher Survey was assessed pre/post intervention with registered nurses and social work staff (n = 13). Paired t‐tests analysis was used to determine significance. The Clinical Learning Environment and Nurse Teacher (CLES+T) scale completed postimplementation by nursing students (n = 8) after the clinical rotation.ResultsClinical Nurse Teacher Survey mean scores preintervention was 4.56 and increased postintervention to 4.89, though not statistically significant (p‐value .11). CLES+T showing 100% fully agree or agree that the Public Health DEU is an effective learning environment.ConclusionsThe DEU model in a public health setting is an opportunity to improve lived clinical experiences of preceptors and nursing students, which may increase nursing students’ positive perceptions of, and increase interest in serving as a public health nurse after graduation.
Enkratic Rationality Is Instrumental Rationality*
Authors: Lee Wooram 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt is widely agreed that there is a rational requirement, “Enkrasia”, which requires that you intend what you believe you ought to do. This paper argues that Enkrasia is not an independent requirement of practical rationality: it is a special case of the requirement to be instrumentally rational. I argue for this view of Enkrasia through an analysis of an all‐things‐considered belief about what you ought to do. Believing, all‐thing‐considered, that you ought toφimplies being settled on a set of options from which to take an option. I argue that this state of being settled on a set of options cannot be a matter of believing. Rather, it should be understood as intending that you do what you ought to do out of that set. If an all‐things‐considered belief implies such an intention, however, satisfying Enkrasia is a matter of satisfying the requirement to intend a necessary means to an end that you intend.
Ectopic expression of common bean ERF transcription factor PvERF35 promotes salt stress tolerance in tobacco
Authors: Kavas M. , Gökdemir G. , Seçgin Z. , Bakhsh A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

In the present study, a TINY‐like AP2/ERF gene, PvERF35i, was amplified from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cloned and functionally characterized by overexpressing in tobacco cv. Petite havana.

Transgenic plants overexpressing PvERF35 were generated using Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation and used to evaluate the possible roles of the transgene under salt stress conditions. Evaluation of transgenics was completed using both molecular and biochemical analysis.

PCR, Southern blot and RT‐qPCR assays revealed the correct integration and enhanced expression of the transgene. Physiological and biochemical analysis of transgenic plants showed their better performance compared to the wild type in terms of germination and survival rates and root and shoot growth under salt stress treatment (200 mM NaCl). Having a high concentration of proline, APX and POX, the PvERF35 overexpressed plants were physiologically and morphologically less affected by salt stress application. In silico promoter analysis of the PvERF35 gene led to identification of important cis‐regulatory elements, MYB, MYC and TGACG‐motif, annotated with salt response of plants. The protein–protein interaction network showed that there was a strong association between ABC transporter proteins and PvERF35 protein. Salt stress‐related miRNA, miRNA156 and miRNA159, targeting PvERF35 were identified using in silico target finding analysis.

These findings suggest that PvERF35 functions as a stress‐responsive transcription factor in differential modulation of salt stress tolerance and may have applications in the engineering of economically important crops.
Previously unknown ssDNA molecules co‐occurring with CdebDNAV infecting the marine planktonic diatom Chaetoceros debilis
Authors: Tomaru Yuji , Toyoda Kensuke , Kimura Kei 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYSince the first discovery of diatom viruses, more than a dozen species have been identified, and these viruses can significantly affect the dynamics of diatoms in nature. To better understand marine primary productivity, details of the relationship between viruses and their diatom hosts must be elucidated. The marine diatom Chaetoceros debilis is a cosmopolitan species and its blooms are often observed in highly productive areas. To date, only C. debilis DNA virus (CdebDNAV) has been isolated and characterized. In this study, we successfully identified a previously unknown virus‐like particle (VLP) and ssDNA molecules co‐occurring with CdebDNAV. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the cytoplasm of infected C. debilis revealed particles that were 21 and 36 nm in size, corresponding to the newly identified VLPs and CdebDNAV, respectively. The ssDNA molecules encode a putative capsid protein (CP); however, no proteins related to replication were detected. The estimated molecular weight of the CP is 24.4 kDa, similar to that of VLPs in the protein electrophoresis analysis. Genetic analyses revealed that the CP shows low levels of similarity with uncultured marine ssDNA viruses, but seems to be independent of the known virus genera. Although the relationships between the smaller VLP and ssDNA molecules identified in this study were not fully revealed, it might be a new virus. The finding is important for understanding diatom virus ecology and to promote further characterization of uncultured aquatic ssDNA viruses.
Civil Rights, Social Equity, and Census 2020
Authors: Berry‐James RaJade M. , Gooden Susan T. , Johnson Richard Greggory 
Published: August 2020

This article examines Census 2020 relative to civil rights and social equity. Mandated by the U.S. Constitution, the Census is directly related to civil rights as Census totals are used to determine voting representation, and results impact billions of dollars of federal, state, and local funding across multiple areas including education, health care, and housing. Census undercounts impact marginalized communities, and this is a heightened concern for Census 2020 along two core social equity dimensions: (1) race and ethnicity, and (2) immigration and citizenship. The implementation of Census 2020 is the responsibility of public administrators and poses challenges in the areas of social equity, leadership, and administrative infrastructure.Practitioner Points

Census 2020 matters. Data from the U.S. Census is fundamental to apportioning political power as well as more than $800 billion each year for governmental services.
In each state, population totals will determine the House of Representative seats. Every state will use population totals to redraw legislative districts, allocate resources, and provide public services.
Racial categories and undercounts have been fundamental concerns since the first U.S. Census in 1790. These undercounts pose on‐going challenges to political participation, representation, and resources.
The citizenship question controversy of Census 2020 will likely lead to lower completion levels for noncitizens.
Implementation of Census 2020 is the responsibility of public administrators, and there are important challenges relative to civil rights and social equity.
Use of dentures, receipt of information, quality of life, and oral function following radiotherapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Abed Hassan , Burke Mary , Fenlon Michael R , Scambler Sasha , Scott Suzanne E 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTeeth with a poor prognosis are often extracted prior to radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC) in order to help prevent the need for dental treatment after radiotherapy that might in turn lead to the development of osteoradionecrosis. However, the details and impact of replacing missing teeth after radiotherapy for HNC have received little attention, especially from the patients’ perspective.AimsThis study aimed to assess the use, satisfaction, and impact of denture use following radiotherapy for HNC. The study also sought to determine patients’ satisfaction with information about replacing their missing teeth postradiotherapy. Finally, this study also aimed to assess interest in replacing missing teeth for those who had not done so.MethodsA structured, validated, and reliable questionnaire was sent to HNC patients who had received radiotherapy and had missing teeth at the time of discharge. In addition to demographic details and self‐reported oral hygiene, the questionnaire included questions on use of (or interest in) dentures, satisfaction with dentures, satisfaction with information about replacing missing teeth, QoL as measured by two questions from the short version of WHOQoL‐BREF, and oral functioning as measured by BCSQ‐H&N. Demographic details and clinical details were extracted from the hospital records.ResultsN = 80 (24%) returned a completed questionnaire. Participants had an average of 12 missing teeth (SD = 8.05). Most (n = 60, 75%) had not replaced their missing teeth. Of these, 35 (58%) were very or extremely interested in doing so. For HNC survivors who wore dentures, there was variable satisfaction and a number of side‐effects of wearing dentures. Satisfaction with information about replacing missing teeth was low. There was no statistical difference in QoL or oral functioning between participants who wore dentures and participants who did not wear dentures. However, those with dentures reported fewer problems with carrying out daily routines as measured by the oral functioning tool.ConclusionsQoL and oral functioning were similar regardless of denture use, highlighting reduced oral function in both those with and without dentures. In those who had not replaced their missing teeth, there was substantial interest in doing so and thus may be an unmet need. The dental team could offer HNC survivors more support after radiotherapy and following denture provision to improve information about denture use and increase satisfaction with dentures.