bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Declines in native forb richness of an imperiled plant community across an anthropogenic nitrogen deposition gradient
Authors: Valliere Justin M. , Bucciarelli Gary M. , Bytnerowicz Andrzej , Fenn Mark E. , Irvine Irina C. , Johnson Robert F. , Allen Edith B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is known to reduce plant diversity in ecosystems worldwide; however, effects on the diversity of Mediterranean‐type ecosystems—global hotspots of biodiversity—are relatively unexplored. In California, elevated N deposition due to air pollution has a multitude of ecological effects including the facilitation of nonnative plant invasion and altered ecosystem functioning, but impacts on plant richness have been inadequately quantified. We addressed this research gap by evaluating patterns of plant richness in coastal sage scrub (CSS), a severely threatened, highly diverse Mediterranean‐type shrubland, across the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. This is the largest urban national park in the United States and experiences a strong gradient of N deposition due to its proximity to urban Los Angeles. We measured soil N, plant cover, and richness at 30 CSS sites across this gradient and used regression analyses to explore relationships between richness, N deposition, and other environmental variables. We observed significant declines in plant richness across a steep gradient of soil N availability that paralleled patterns of N deposition, primarily due to decreases in native forb species. Our analyses identified soil N as the best predictor of patterns of native forb richness, but other factors, including nonnative plant cover and aridity, may also drive reduced richness. In addition to the marked decline in the number of native forb species, increasing N deposition was also associated with lower native shrub richness per area and increased cover of nonnatives. These results highlight the threat posed by N deposition to the conservation of this already imperiled ecosystem under continued environmental change.
Limited role for fibroblast growth factor 23 in assessing prognosis in heart failure patients: data from the TIME‐CHF trial
Authors: Stöhr Robert , Brandenburg Vincent M. , Heine Gunnar H. , Maeder Micha T. , Leibundgut Gregor , Schuh Alexander , Jeker Urs , Pfisterer Matthias , Sanders‐van Wijk Sandra , Brunner‐la Rocca Hans‐Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimFibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is an intensively studied biomarker at the crossroads of cardiovascular disease, heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease. Independent associations between increasing FGF23 levels and cardiovascular events were found in many, but not all studies. By analysing data from the TIME‐CHF cohort, we sought to investigate the prognostic value of FGF23 in an elderly, multimorbid HF patient cohort. We determined differences between intact (iFGF23) and C‐terminal FGF23 (cFGF23) regarding their prognostic value and their levels over time in different HF subgroups according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).Methods and resultsIn this multicentre trial of 622 patients with symptomatic HF aged ≥60 years, we determined iFGF23 and cFGF23 at baseline, 3, 6 and 12‐month follow‐up. In unadjusted analyses, cFGF23 significantly predicted all HF‐related outcomes at all time points. The predictive value of iFGF23 was less and not statistically significant at baseline. After multivariable adjustments, the association between both cFGF23 and iFGF23 and outcome lost statistical significance apart from cFGF23 at month 3. Overall, patients with preserved and mid‐range LVEF had higher levels of iFGF23 and cFGF23 than those with reduced LVEF. Levels decreased significantly during the first 3 months in mid‐range and reduced LVEF patients, but did not significantly change over time in those with preserved LVEF.ConclusionsFibroblast growth factor 23 is of limited value regarding risk prediction in this elderly HF population. Potentially heterogeneous roles of FGF23 in different LVEF groups deserve further investigation.
CMTM7 plays key roles in TLR‐induced plasma cell differentiation and p38 activation in murine B‐1 B cells
Authors: Liu Zhengyang , Liu Yuan , Li Ting , Wang Pingzhang , Mo Xiaoning , Lv Ping , Ma Dalong , Han Wenling 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTerminal differentiation of B cells into antibody‐secreting cells is the foundation of humoral immune response. B‐1 cells, which are different from B‐2 cells, preferentially differentiate into plasma cells. CMTM7 is a MARVEL‐domain‐containing membrane protein predominantly expressed in B cells that plays an important role in B‐1a cell development. The present study assessed CMTM7 function in response to antigen stimulation. Following immunization with T cell‐dependent and T cell‐independent antigens, Cmtm7‐deficient mice exhibited decreased IgM but normal IgG responses in vivo. In vitro stimulation with LPSs induced Cmtm7−/− B‐1 cell activation, whereas proliferation was marginally reduced. Notably, Cmtm7 deficiency markedly suppressed plasma cell differentiation in response to TLR agonists, accompanied by a decrease in IgM and IL‐10 production. At the molecular level, loss of Cmtm7 repressed the downregulation of Pax5 and the upregulation of Xbp1, Irf4, and Prdm1. Furthermore, p38 phosphorylation was inhibited in Cmtm7−/− B‐1 cells. Experiments using a p38 inhibitor revealed that p38 activation was essential for the terminal differentiation of B‐1 cells, suggesting that Cmtm7 contributes to B‐1 cell differentiation by maintaining p38 activation. Overall, the data reveal the crucial functions of CMTM7 in TLR‐induced terminal differentiation and p38 activation in B‐1 cells.
The multistep decomposition of boric acid
Authors: Huber Clemens , Jahromy Saman Setoodeh , Birkelbach Felix , Weber Jakob , Jordan Christian , Schreiner Manfred , Harasek Michael , Winter Franz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDue to its high potential for thermal energy storage systems (Huber, Setoodeh Jahromy, Jordan, et al, Energies. 2019;12:17) the decomposition of boric acid is of particular interest in the field of applied research. The complexity of the reaction mechanism, with its multiple partial‐overlapping reaction steps, hitherto prevented a clear identification and analysis of each stoichiometric reaction step. So far, various research teams performed different kinetic analyses of boric acid, which led to various reaction mechanisms and stoichiometric reaction steps with yet inconclusive results for process modeling. Thus, a deeper examination of the process was desirable, to validate whether a proposed reaction is reasonable or not. For this purpose, experimental data were used for a deconvolution of the reaction sequence, using the Fraser‐Suzuki function, which clearly revealed the respective single reactions. The results of the deconvolution were compared with the proposed reaction steps in consideration of the stoichiometric ratio and thereby illustrated that the decomposition of polycrystalline boric acid more likely consists of three reaction steps. In contrary to the two‐step mechanism, the three‐step mechanism showed a very good correlation (r > 99%). Based on these outcomes, kinetic analyses were performed for each reaction step, by means of the nonparametric kinetics 2 (NPK2) method with subsequent determination of kinetic parameters. Additionally, for a deeper insight into the reaction, analyzing techniques like X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) were applied.
Multitemporal terrestrial laser scanning point clouds for thaw subsidence observation at Arctic permafrost monitoring sites
Authors: Anders Katharina , Marx Sabrina , Boike Julia , Herfort Benjamin , Wilcox Evan James , Langer Moritz , Marsh Philip , Höfle Bernhard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates different methods for quantifying thaw subsidence using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds. Thaw subsidence is a slow (millimetre to centimetre per year) vertical displacement of the ground surface common in ice‐rich permafrost‐underlain landscapes. It is difficult to quantify thaw subsidence in tundra areas as they often lack stable reference frames. Also, there is no solid ground surface to serve as a basis for elevation measurements, due to a continuous moss–lichen cover. We investigate how an expert‐driven method improves the accuracy of benchmark measurements at discrete locations within two sites using multitemporal TLS data of a 1‐year period. Our method aggregates multiple experts’ determination of the ground surface in 3D point clouds, collected in a web‐based tool. We then compare this to the performance of a fully automated ground surface determination method. Lastly, we quantify ground surface displacement by directly computing multitemporal point cloud distances, thereby extending thaw subsidence observation to an area‐based assessment. Using the expert‐driven quantification as reference, we validate the other methods, including in‐situ benchmark measurements from a conventional field survey. This study demonstrates that quantifying the ground surface using 3D point clouds is more accurate than the field survey method. The expert‐driven method achieves an accuracy of 0.1 ± 0.1 cm. Compared to this, in‐situ benchmark measurements by single surveyors yield an accuracy of 0.4 ± 1.5 cm. This difference between the two methods is important, considering an observed displacement of 1.4 cm at the sites. Thaw subsidence quantification with the fully automatic benchmark‐based method achieves an accuracy of 0.2 ± 0.5 cm and direct point cloud distance computation an accuracy of 0.2 ± 0.9 cm. The range in accuracy is largely influenced by properties of vegetation structure at locations within the sites. The developed methods enable a link of automated quantification and expert judgement for transparent long‐term monitoring of permafrost subsidence. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Critical ventilation velocity under the blockage of different metro train in a long metro tunnel
Authors: Zhang Shaogang , Shi Long , Li Xianbin , Huang Yilong , He Kun , Wang Jinhui 
Published: February 2020

SummaryTo address the effect of metro train blockage on the critical ventilation velocity in a long tunnel, a series of scenarios were conducted numerically through this study, including different fire sizes (5‐10 MW), metro train lengths (80‐120 m), and blockage ratios (φ, 0.50, and 0.57). It is known from the numerical results that the metro train length shows a limited effect on the critical ventilation velocity, which is because the longitudinal ventilation has become stable before reaching the fire source to prevent smoke back‐layering, and increasing the metro train length only increases the distance of stabilizing the longitudinal ventilation. The blockage ratio shows an obvious influence on the critical ventilation velocity, which is because the presence of the metro train can obviously reduce the flow cross‐sectional area of the tunnel. An empirical model is developed as well, while it is known that the critical ventilation velocity increases with the one‐third power of dimensionless heat release rate and (1‐φ). The research outcomes of this study provide a technical guide for the design of the metro tunnel and the relevant emergency management of fire rescue under fire conditions.
CAD‐consistent adaptive refinement using a NURBS‐based discontinuous Galerkin method
Authors: Duvigneau Régis. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThis study concerns the development of a new method combining high‐order computer‐aided design (CAD)‐consistent grids and adaptive refinement/coarsening strategies for efficient analysis of compressible flows. The proposed approach allows to use geometrical data from CAD without any approximation. Thus, the simulations are based on the exact geometry, even for the coarsest discretizations. Combining this property with a local refinement method allows to start computations using very coarse grids and then relies on dynamic adaption to construct suitable computational domains. The resulting approach facilitates interactions between CAD and computational fluid dynamics solvers and focuses the computational effort on the capture of physical phenomena, since geometry is exactly taken into account. The proposed methodology is based on a discontinuous Galerkin method for compressible Navier‐Stokes equations, modified to use nonuniform rational B‐Spline representations. Local refinement and coarsening are introduced using intrinsic properties of nonuniform rational B‐Spline associated with a local error indicator. A verification of the accuracy of the method is achieved and a set of applications are presented, ranging from viscous subsonic to inviscid trans‐ and supersonic flow problems.
Non‐intrusive reduced genetic algorithm for near‐real time flow optimal control
Authors: Oulghelou Mourad , Allery Cyrille 
Published: February 2020

SummaryMost genetic algorithms (GAs) used in the literature to solve control problems are time consuming and involve important storage memory requirements. In fact, the search in GAs is iteratively performed on a population of chromosomes (control parameters). As a result, the cost functional needs to be evaluated through solving the high fidelity model or by performing the experimental protocol for each chromosome and for many generations. To overcome this issue, a non‐intrusive reduced real‐coded genetic algorithm (RGA) for near real‐time optimal control is designed. This algorithm uses precalculated parametrized solution snapshots stored in the POD (proper orthogonal decomposition) reduced form, to predict the solution snapshots for chromosomes over generations. The method used for this purpose is a economic reduced version of the Bi‐CITSGM method (Bi‐calibrated interpolation on the tangent space of the Grassmann manifold) designed specially for nonlinear parametrized solution snapshots interpolation. This approach is proposed in such a way to accelerate the usual Bi‐CITSGM process by bringing this last to a significantly lower dimension. Thus, the whole optimization process by RGA can be performed in near real‐time. The potential of RGA in terms of accuracy and central processing unit time is demonstrated on control problems of the flow past a cylinder and flow in a lid‐driven cavity when the Reynolds number value varies.
Neolithic geoarchaeology at Penedo dos Mouros Rockshelter: Mid‐Holocene site formation, diagenesis and human activity at the foothills of Serra da Estrela (Portugal)
Authors: Simões Carlos D. , Carvalho António F. , Tente Catarina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Neolithic occupation of Penedo dos Mouros in the foothills of Serra da Estrela, Portugal's highest mountain, dates to the 5th to 4th millennia cal B.C. The site's faunal assemblage is extremely rare in the regional prehistoric archaeological record, due to the acidity of the granitic geology. This underlines Penedo dos Mouros importance as a reference site for understanding early pastoralism in the region. Due to the insufficient survival of bone collagen for radiocarbon dating and the homogeneity of the stratigraphy, where most visible contacts are due to post‐depositional processes, we chose micromorphology to address the reasons behind the bone preservation and to assess the stratigraphic integrity of the prehistoric deposit. Reworking of eroding saprolitic soils was a major factor in the sediment accumulation, with remains of short human occupation events. Possible evidence for clearance fires linked to the first occurrences of pastoralism practised in the region, creating open spaces for grazing, was identified. Post‐depositional carbonate cementation derived from ashes, identifiable at the microscopic scale, enabled bone preservation. Carbonate and spodic‐like features document water saturation once the sedimentation ceased. This sedimentary dynamic has broader geomorphological implications, such as an inferred post‐Neolithic incision of the stream valley adjacent to the site.
Double‐sided transistor device processability of carrierless ultrathin silicon wafers
Authors: Lai Ruby A. , Hymel Thomas M. , Liu Bofei , Cui Yi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDouble‐sided metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect‐transistor processing is demonstrated for the first time on an ultrathin crystalline silicon substrate of 6‐20 μm in a 100 mm diameter wafer format without a carrier wafer, the thinnest free‐standing silicon wafers ever fabricated. The compatibility of the flexible material with conventional semiconductor processing tools is enabled by supporting an interior ultrathin silicon with a surrounding thicker ring of silicon. Current‐voltage characteristics of transistors on ultrathin silicon show performance as expected from bulk silicon, with electron mobility ~1500 cm2 V−1 second−1. Mechanical measurements quantify the handleability.image
Nanoplasmonic sensor for foodborne pathogens detection. Towards development of ISO‐SERS methodology for taxonomic affiliation of Campylobacter spp.
Authors: Witkowska Evelin , Niciński Krzysztof , Korsak Dorota , Dominiak Bartłomiej , Waluk Jacek , Kamińska Agnieszka 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAccording to EU summary report on zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2017, Campylobacter was the most commonly reported gastrointestinal bacterial pathogen in humans in the EU. Unfortunately, the standard methods for the detection of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in foods are time‐consuming. Additionally, the qualified staff is obligatory. For this reason, new methods of pathogens detection are needed. The present work demonstrates that surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a reliable and fast method for detection of Campylobacter spp. in food samples. The proposed method combines the SERS measurements performed on an Ag/Si substrate with two initial steps of the ISO standard procedure. Finally, the principal component analysis (PCA) allows for statistical classification of the studied bacteria. By applying the proposed ISO‐SERS‐PCA method in the case of Campylobacter bacteria the total detection time may be reduced from 7 to 8 days required by ISO method to 3 to 4 days in the case of SERS‐based approach.
Comparison of Fracture Prediction Tools in Individuals Without and With Early Chronic Kidney Disease: A Population-Based Analysis of CARTaGENE
Authors: Desbiens Louis-Charles , Sidibé Aboubacar , Beaudoin Claudia , Jean Sonia , Mac-Way Fabrice 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Whether fracture prediction tools developed for the management of osteoporosis can be used in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is poorly known. We aimed to compare the performance of fracture prediction tools in non-CKD and CKD. We analyzed CARTaGENE, a population-based survey of 40-year-old to 69-year-old individuals recruited between 2009 and 2010. Renal function was assessed using baseline creatinine and categorized according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines (non-CKD, stage 2, stage 3). Individuals without creatinine measurements or with advanced CKD (stage 4 or 5; prevalence &lt;0.25%) were excluded. Predicted 5-year fracture probabilities (using Fracture Risk Assessment Tool [FRAX], QFracture, and Garvan) were computed at baseline. Fracture incidence (major fracture [MOF] or any fracture) was evaluated in administrative databases from recruitment to March 2016. Discrimination (hazard ratios [HRs] per standard deviation [SD] increase in Cox models; c-statistics) and calibration (standardized incidence ratios [SIRs] before and after recalibration) were assessed in each CKD strata. We included 19,393 individuals (9522 non-CKD; 9114 stage 2; 757 stage 3). A total of 830 patients had any fracture during follow-up, including 352 MOF. FRAX (HR = 1.89 [1.63–2.20] non-CKD; 1.64 [1.41–1.91] stage 2; 1.76 [1.10–2.82] stage 3) and QFracture (HR = 1.90 [1.62–2.22] non-CKD; 1.57 [1.35–1.82] stage 2; 1.86 [1.19–2.91] stage 3) discriminated MOF similarly in non-CKD and CKD. In contrast, the discrimination of Garvan for any fracture tended to be lower in CKD stage 3 compared to non-CKD and CKD stage 2 (HR = 1.36 [1.22–1.52] non-CKD; 1.34 [1.20–1.50] stage 2; 1.11 [0.79–1.55] stage 3). Before recalibration, FRAX globally overestimated fracture risk while QFracture and Garvan globally underestimated fracture risk. After recalibration, FRAX and QFracture were adequately calibrated for MOF in all CKD strata whereas Garvan tended to underestimate any fracture risk in CKD stage 3 (SIR = 1.31 [0.95–1.81]). In conclusion, the discrimination and calibration of FRAX and QFracture is similar in non-CKD and CKD. Garvan may have a lower discrimination in CKD stage 3 and underestimate fracture risk in these patients. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Circular RNA circHIAT1 inhibits proliferation and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer cell lines through downregulation of miR‐21
Authors: Quan Jingzi , Dong Dongfang , Lun Yue , Sun Bo , Sun Haiyuan , Wang Qunying , Yuan Gang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Circular RNA circHIAT1 has been proved to play an antitumor role. We aimed to explore the function and mechanism of circHIAT1 in GC. MKN28 and MKN45 cells were transfected with PLCDH‐circHIAT1, miR‐21 mimic, and relative control. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined through Cell Counting Kit‐8 and flow cytometry, respectively. CircHIAT1 expression and other relative factors were tested through quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. Our findings demonstrated that circHIAT1 was lowly expressed in GC tissues. After transfection with PLCDH‐circHIAT1 in MKN28 and MKN45 cells, cell viability was decreased, while the expression levels of p53 and p21 were raised, as well as apoptosis. Besides this, the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition process was inhibited by PLCDH‐circHIAT1 transfection. Mechanistically, miR‐21 expression was upregulated in GC tissues and could be negatively regulated by circHIAT1. Further experiments showed that the addition of miR‐21 mimic reversed the growth inhibition effects of circHIAT1 overexpression. Moreover, circHIAT1 inhibited the activation of phosphatase and tensin homolog/phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signal pathways via downregulating miR‐21. CircHIAT1 functioned as a tumor inhibitor in GC cells through downregulating miR‐21, and could be a novel target for GC treatment.
Monomer gypenoside LI from Gynostemma pentaphyllum inhibits cell proliferation and upregulates expression of miR‐128‐3p in melanoma cells
Authors: Zu Ma‐Li , Piao Xiang‐Lan , Gao Jia‐Mei , Xing Shao‐Fang , Liu Lin‐Hua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGypenosides have anticancer activity against many cancers. Gypenoside LI is a gypenoside monomer from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, its pharmacological functions in melanoma have not been reported. In this study, we found that gypenoside LI had a potent cytotoxic effect on melanoma cells. Gypenoside LI can induce intrinsic apoptosis along with S phase arrest. Furthermore, gypenoside LI inhibited the colony formation ability of melanoma through inhibition of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Interestingly, we also found that gypenoside LI can induce the upregulation of the tumor suppressor miR‐128‐3p during melanoma apoptosis. In contrast, gypenoside LI induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, which were abolished by overexpression of the miR‐128‐3p inhibitor in A375 cells. Taken together, these results showed that gypenoside LI could inhibit human melanoma cells through inducing apoptosis, arresting cell cycle at the S phase and suppressing the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in a miR‐128‐3p dependent manner.