bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy modulators in type 2 diabetes: A new perspective
Authors: Zaidalkilani Ayah Talal , Al‐kuraishy Hayder M. , Fahad Esraa H. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Elewa Yaser Hosny Ali , Zahran Mahmoud Hosny , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , AL‐Farga Ammar , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber 
Published: December 2024

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by defective insulin signaling, insulin resistance, and impairment of insulin secretion. Autophagy is a conserved lysosomal‐dependent catabolic cellular pathway involved in the pathogenesis of T2D and its complications. Basal autophagy regulates pancreatic β‐cell function by enhancing insulin release and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Therefore, defective autophagy is associated with impairment of pancreatic β‐cell function and the development of insulin rersistance (IR). However, over‐activated autophagy increases apoptosis of pancreatic β‐cells leading to pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction. Hence, autophagy plays a double‐edged sword role in T2D. Therefore, the use of autophagy modulators including inhibitors and activators may affect the pathogenesis of T2D. Hence, this review aims to clarify the potential role of autophagy inhibitors and activators in T2D.image
High‐Speed Rail Opening and Corporate Environmental Responsibility Performance: Analysis of Talent Aggregation and Supervisory Pressure
Authors: Luo Kun , Liu Xiaoya , Wang Xiaolu , Ye Lei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe existing literature has explored the impact of high‐speed rail (HSR) opening on macrolevel environmental performance. However, few studies have validated its effects on microlevel corporate environmental responsibility performance. Therefore, on the basis of data from Chinese A‐share listed companies from 2011 to 2020, we examine the relationship between HSR opening and corporate environmental responsibility performance, along with the underlying reasons for this relationship. Our research reveals that HSR opening can significantly improve the corporate environmental responsibility performance. Talent aggregation and supervisory pressure constitute the two main channels that explain the positive relationship. Furthermore, the results of heterogeneity tests indicate that this positive effect is more significant in cities with larger populations and administrative centers, as well as in nonpolluting industries and companies certified through ISO14001 environmental management systems. This paper confirms that HSR opening contributes to generating positive externalities for firms and provides valuable insights into improving and understanding corporate environmental responsibility performance.
Adolescents' perceptions of using likes, comments, and other reactions—A qualitative investigation
Authors: Rides Gemma , Pote Helen , Watling Dawn 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWith the majority of young people using social media as a primary form of communication with friends and family, it is becoming increasingly important to understand how adolescents perceive their own and others' online behaviour. Participants (N = 34) aged 11–15 years took part in focus group discussions exploring their perceptions of the communication intentions of using online interpersonal feedback, specifically the use of ‘reactions’ (e.g., likes and comments). A thematic analysis of the transcripts indicated that young people are using social media reactions to (i) form and maintain impressions online, (ii) give, receive, and withhold support from others, and (iii) express themselves and tailor their social media experience. Findings show that adolescents are aware of the online social norms surrounding the use of reactions and how the number of reactions relates to their mood and feelings of self‐worth.
Systemic Antibiotic Prophylaxis Adjunctive to Surgical Reconstructive Peri‐Implantitis Treatment: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ramanauskaite Ausra , Saltzer Ioanna , Padhye Ninad , Begic Amira , Obreja Karina , Dahmer Iulia , Schwarz Frank 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of oral systemic antibiotic prophylaxis administered along with the surgical reconstructive peri‐implantitis treatment.MethodsA total of 49 patients exhibiting 70 implants diagnosed with peri‐implantitis underwent a surgical reconstructive peri‐implantitis treatment. Of them, 27 patients (38 implants) received a single preoperative shot of antibiotics (2 g amoxicillin; Pre‐op), 12 patients (19 implants) were prescribed with postoperative antibiotics for 3 days (500 mg amoxicillin, 3 x day, Post‐op), and the remaining 10 patients (13 implants) did not receive any systemic antibiotics (No‐Ab). Mean probing depth values (mean PDs; primary outcome), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque (PI), suppuration (Sup), and deepest PDs values (max PD) were assessed prior to surgery (baseline), after 6 and 12 months. To assess the differences in changes in the clinical parameters, and disease resolution (PD ≤ 5 mm, ≤ 1 BOP site and no Sup) among the groups, logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsAfter 12 months, the mean PD reduction amounted to −1.74 ± 1.56 mm, −1.91 ± 1.88 mm, and −1.13 ± 1.05 mm in the No‐Ab, Pre‐op, and Post‐op groups, respectively, with no significant difference detected among the groups. The BOP was reduced in 60%, 59.3%, and 83.3% of the patients after 12 months in the No‐Ab, Pre‐op, and Post‐op groups, respectively, with no significant differences among them. The PI, Sup and max PD reductions were comparable among the groups. Disease resolution after 12 months was established in 61.5%, 73.7%, and 89.5% of patients in the No‐Ab, Pre‐op, and Post‐op groups (No‐Ab vs. Pre‐op: p = 0.10, No‐Ab vs. Post‐op: p = 0.40, Pre‐op vs. Post‐op: p = 0.84).ConclusionSystemic antibiotic prophylaxis did not improve the clinical outcomes of surgical reconstructive peri‐implantitis treatment.
Concomitant ALK Fusion and TP53/EGFR Mutation Lead to Adverse Prognostic Outcome
Authors: Du Mingyuan , Liu Cuiwei , Chen Leichong , Li Zhenyu , Zhang Sijia , Meng Rui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLung cancer treatment has evolved at the molecular level. Detecting the presence of driver genes in lung cancer fundamentally alters the choice of therapeutic regimens and the outcome of this disease. ALK fusion mutation is one of the most important mutations in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Also, it often has other coexisting mutation types. TP53 is the most common coexisting mutation type, whereas the EGFR/ALK coexisting mutation type is extremely rare. There is still no definite conclusion about the impact of the multimutation and best treatment options for NSCLC patients with advanced multimutation. In this study, we report three cases of NSCLC with ALK fusion mutations as well as ALK combined with TP53 mutations and ALK combined with EGFR mutations. Combining cases from our oncology center and previous literature, we found that NSCLC patients with coexisting ALK fusion mutations and other mutations have poorer response to targeted therapy and poorer prognosis, and we also compared the efficacy rates of various types of coexisting mutations for different treatment regimens. Therefore, this review can help to evaluate the prognosis of NSCLC patients with coexisting mutations and the efficacy of targeted therapies and to find more favorable treatment options for patients with this type of coexisting mutations.
On the Broader Significance of Maternal Sensitivity: Mothers’ Early and Later Sensitive Parenting Matter to Children's Language, Executive Function, Academics, and Self‐Reliance
Authors: Foley Joan E. , Olino Thomas M. , Weinraub Marsha 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTResearchers have demonstrated the important contribution of mothers’ sensitive parenting to children's developing cognition over the first 5 years of life, yet studies examining sensitivity beyond the early years, controlling for earlier effects, are limited. In this exploratory study, we examined the developmental pathways through which mothers’ early and later sensitive parenting transacted with children's language, executive function, academics, and self‐reliance to predict child outcomes from infancy to adolescence. To a national longitudinal dataset (n = 1364; 52% male; 80% white), we applied random intercept cross‐lagged panel modeling to examine between‐person and within‐person associations for maternal sensitivity and child outcomes. Our findings show that over the first 15 years of life relations between maternal sensitivity and these child outcomes are best characterized by stable, trait‐like associations that persist over time with limited state‐like time‐varying associations. Importantly, we found that maternal sensitivity at both early and later developmental stages is associated with these between‐person differences. Given the nature of these associations over four developmental stages, we extend prior research by demonstrating that mothers’ sensitivity is enduring because of its consistency both early and later in development.
Metformin and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women with gestational diabetes in the United Kingdom: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Yu Ya‐Hui , Platt Robert W. , Reynier Pauline , Yu Oriana H. Y. , Filion Kristian B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsMetformin is increasingly used off‐label as the treatment of gestational diabetes (GDM). Our objective was to determine if metformin versus insulin initiation is associated with the adverse pregnancy outcomes.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, its pregnancy register, and Hospital Episode Statistics from 1998 to 2018. We included pregnancies of women who initiated metformin or insulin between 20 weeks gestation and pregnancy end. The primary outcome was a composite outcome of large for gestational age (LGA) and macrosomia. The secondary outcomes included small for gestational age (SGA), preterm birth, caesarean delivery, and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy (HDP). Inverse probability weighted‐Cox proportional hazards models were to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), comparing those who initiated metformin versus insulin at cohort entry, accounting for baseline covariates.ResultsOur cohort included pregnancies of 1297 women initiating metformin and of 895 women initiating insulin. Compared to insulin initiation, metformin initiation was associated with a decreased risk of LGA or macrosomia (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.49, 0.78), Caesarean delivery (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69, 0.98), and preterm birth (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.58, 1.08). The HRs for HDP and SGA were 0.92 (95% CI 0.57, 1.27) and 1.33 (95% CI 0.67, 2.00), respectively.ConclusionsOur study suggests that, compared to initiating insulin, initiating metformin is associated with decreased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with GDM. These findings provide important real‐world evidence regarding the use of metformin for GDM.
Diffusion imaging shows microstructural alterations in untreated, non‐lesional patients already after a first unprovoked seizure
Authors: Segovia‐Oropeza Marysol , Rauf Erik Hans Ulrich , Heide Ev‐Christin , Focke Niels K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivePatients with newly diagnosed epilepsy exhibit brain white matter (WM) abnormalities, but the temporal dynamics of these are unknown. The literature suggests these alterations might be present before diagnosis. This study investigates WM microstructural integrity using diffusion imaging in non‐lesional (NL), interictal epileptiform discharge (IED)‐free, unmedicated patients who experienced a first unprovoked seizure compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, we evaluated whether the patients who developed epilepsy within a 1‐year follow‐up had a divergent pattern of WM alterations in contrast to those who did not. We also evaluated patients with established epilepsy.MethodsWe performed a diffusion imaging analysis in a cohort of 82 subjects. Twenty patients recently experienced a first unprovoked seizure (first‐seizure group), 32 patients had chronic epilepsy (chronic‐epilepsy group), and 30 healthy controls. The first‐seizure patients were later classified into patients who developed epilepsy (early‐epilepsy) and those who did not (single‐seizure). Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were calculated. Group differences were analyzed using tract‐based spatial statistics and permutation analysis of linear models.ResultsCompared to controls, first‐seizure patients showed decreased FA (p < .05, d = 1.3) in the corpus callosum and forceps minor, among other tracts. Similar changes were found in the single‐seizure group (p < .05, d = 1.3), whereas the early‐epilepsy patients showed decreases only in the corpus callosum (p < .05, d = 2.4). We confirmed that patients with chronic epilepsy have widespread FA decreases (p < .05, d = 1).SignificanceWe provide evidence that, as early as after the first unprovoked seizure, patients considered NL by conventional methods harbor marked microstructural abnormalities detectable with diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These findings suggest that WM alterations are present very early in the epileptogenic process even before the diagnosis can currently be made. These results have important implications for better understanding the epileptogenic process and preexisting structural difference in patients after a first seizure.
Advances in peripheral T cell lymphomas: pathogenesis, genetic landscapes and emerging therapeutic targets
Authors: Pichler Alexander S , Amador Catalina , Fujimoto Ayumi , Takeuchi Kengo , de Jong Daphne , Iqbal Javeed , Staber Philipp B 
Published: December 2024

Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a biologically diverse and aggressive group of non‐Hodgkin lymphomas that originate from mature T cells, often presenting with complex clinical and morphological features. This review explores the challenges in diagnosing and classifying PTCLs, focusing on the intricate biology of the more common nodal entities. Advances in molecular diagnostics, such as mutational and gene expression profiling, have improved our understanding. However, the rarity and morphological variability of PTCLs continue to complicate the definition of biologically and clinically meaningful entities, as well as the application of current diagnoses in daily practice; these advancements have not yet translated into improved clinical outcomes. Standard therapies fail in most cases and lead to poor prognoses, highlighting the urgent need for improved therapeutic strategies. Precise characterisation of PTCL advances refined classification and supports the development of more targeted and effective treatments. Recent approaches have focused on biology‐based risk stratification, either within specific entities or in an entity‐agnostic manner. This development aims for improved treatment selection or even personalised treatment based on genetic, epigenetic and functional profiles.
Identification of BCL3 as a biomarker for chondrocyte programmed cell death in osteoarthritis
Authors: Ren Junxiao , Li Rui , Meng Chen , Xu Yongqing , Li Chuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a condition that is widely prevalent and causes joint pain and disability, with programmed cell death (PCD) playing a role in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to identify biomarkers associated with PCD in OA and explore their potential roles. Three RNA‐sequencing datasets (GSE114007, GSE51588 and GSE220243) related to OA were analysed. Differential expression and weighted gene co‐expression network identified key differentially expressed PCD‐related genes (DE‐PRMGs). Potential biomarkers were identified and validated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, correlation analyses, gene set enrichment analysis, single‐cell expression and RT‐qPCR. A total of 45 DE‐PRMGs were identified, affecting pathways like TNF signalling and RNA degradation. BCL3, TREM2 and NRP2 were prioritized as potential OA biomarkers, which are associated with ribosome function and immune cell infiltration and potentially linked to PCD. The functional role of one of the molecules identified, BCL3, was explored further using a cell model of inflammation induced chondrocytes. BCL3 was significantly down regulated in OA samples from the public dataset and clinical samples analysed by RT‐qPCR. BCL3 overexpression reduced apoptosis in chondrocytes stimulated with inflammatory cytokines. Thus the functional studies highlighted the anti‐apoptotic role of BCL3 in chondrocytes and provide new insights into OA pathogenesis with potential for future therapeutic development.
The Impact of Combating Bribery and Corruption Report Assurance on Financial Analysts' Decisions
Authors: Quick Reiner , Yalçin Neriman 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThere is an increasing pressure on companies to provide nonfinancial information. An important element of related nonfinancial reports is information on combating bribery and corruption. This study examines the impact of voluntary assurance on such reports on financial analyst perceptions and decisions. Moreover, it investigates whether the type of assurance provider (financial statement auditor vs. another audit firm) and the assurance level (limited vs. reasonable assurance) exert an influence. For this purpose, we conducted an experiment with a 2 × 2 + 1 between‐subject design and financial analysts from Turkey as participants. The extent of financial analyst reliance on the combating bribery and corruption report of a fictitious company, their likelihood to recommend the purchase of shares of the fictitious company, their related credit risk assessment and the likelihood that they purchase shares in the fictitious company served as dependent variables. The analyses are based on 116 responses after the elimination of manipulation check failures. Our findings indicate that assurance on combating bribery and corruption reports results in perceptions and decisions which are more favourable to the fictitious company. Moreover, they do not indicate a significant impact of the type of assurance provider. However, our participants' perceptions are more positive in the case of reasonable assurance.
Oxidized high‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein in adolescents with obesity and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Bartlett Alyssa M. , Boone Ali M. , Bays Jordan A. , Kim Youngsil , Palle Sirish K. , Short Kevin R. 
Published: December 2024

SummaryBackgroundMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasingly common in the pediatric population and may increase risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with MASLD. Oxidized high‐density lipoprotein (oxHDL) and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) are modified, pro‐atherosclerotic lipoproteins that are increased in adults with MASLD and CVD but have not been reported in adolescents with MASLD.PurposeTo determine if oxLDL and oxHDL are increased in adolescents with MASLD.MethodsFasting oxHDL and oxLDL were measured in adolescents (11–20 years) with obesity and biopsy‐confirmed MASLD (n = 47), and peers without MASLD but with obesity (Ob; n = 28), or normal weight (NW; n = 29).ResultsoxHDL was 27% higher (p < 0.05) in the MASLD group (mean ± SD: 11.9 ± 4.7 ng/mL) compared to the Ob group (9.3 ± 3.7 ng/mL, p < 0.05) but only 7% higher than the NW group (11.1 ± 3.8 ng/mL, p > 0.05). However, HDL‐C was 19% and 32% lower in the MASLD group than in the Ob and NW groups, respectively. Thus, oxHDL/HDL‐C ratio was 55% and 66% higher in MASLD compared to the Ob group (p < 0.004) and the NW group (p < 0.001), respectively. oxLDL (52.4 ± 16.0, 46.7 ± 10.1 and 47.1 ± 15.2 U/L for MASLD, Ob and NW, respectively), LDL‐C and the oxLDL/LDL‐C ratio did not differ among groups.ConclusionsThe elevated oxHDL and oxHDL/HDL‐C in adolescents with MASLD compared to peers with Ob or NW suggests that there is some oxidative stress in MASLD independent of obesity and potential for increased CVD risk in the future.
Exploring T Cell and NK Cell Involvement in Ankylosing Spondylitis Through Single‐Cell Sequencing
Authors: Chen Tianyou , Ning Shengyu , Zhu Jichong , Zhan Xinli , Zhou Chenxing , Huang Chengqian , Wu Shaofeng , Zhang Bin , Feng Sitan , Chen Jiarui , Xue Jiang , Yang Zhenwei , Liu Chong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTo uncover the complex immune mechanisms driving inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis and lay the groundwork for identifying new therapeutic targets and innovative approaches, we conducted 10× single‐cell sequencing on bone marrow cell samples collected from the vertebrae of three AS patients and three non‐AS patients. Using single‐cell sequencing data, we analysed the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing AS patients with non‐AS patients. Key genes among the related DEGs were identified through protein–protein interaction networks and hub gene screening and further validated using immunohistochemistry. We performed clustering and annotation of the single‐cell sequencing data and externally validated the findings using the GSE232131 single‐cell dataset. By integrating transcriptome data, we assessed the differential expression of immune cells in AS. Finally, we explored the interactions between immune cells in AS through cell communication analysis. The upregulated gene CD74 was identified as a hub gene in T cells in AS. Further research revealed the important relationship between T cells and NK cells in the fundamental processes of AS. Additionally, we found that the macrophage migration inhibitory factor signalling pathway is prominently expressed in the interactions among various cell types in AS.
Managing Pandemic Threats—The Need for Adaptive Leadership
Authors: Worman Scott , Sturmberg Joachim P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe threat of the H5N1‐influenza virus prompts reflection on COVID‐19 pandemic experiences. This paper integrates insights from a first responder using the Cynefin framework to advocate for an adaptive strategic approach to future pandemics. Balancing individual freedoms with containment measures serves to leverage the human capital needed for rapid learning and resource distribution. The Cynefin framework aids in understanding complex problem‐solving dynamics which involve varying degrees of order and chaos. Hierarchies in the ordered world support heterarchies which explore the unordered world. Both operate within scale free human systems which must adapt to existential challenges such as pandemics. Experience leading to knowledge and understanding occurs simultaneously at all dimensions of human existence. Ultimately, adaptive leadership and decentralized decision‐making, supported by the best available knowledge, enable effective pandemic management and restoration of normal societal functions.