bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid system of hydrogel/frog egg‐like microspheres accelerates wound healing via sustained delivery ofRCSPs
Authors: Ji Xuan , Liu Guomin , Cui Yutao , Jia Wenyuan , Luo Yungang , Cheng Zhiqiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article, a hybrid system of hydrogel/frog egg‐like microspheres (H‐FMS) formed by the combination of coaxial electrostatic spraying and freeze‐drying was introduced for enhancing wound healing efficiency through the sustained release ofRana chensinensisskin peptides (RCSPs). The porous PVA/gelatin hydrogel were obtained and frog egg‐like microspheres (FMS) of sodium alginate (SA), shaping uniform and smooth, were embedded into hydrogel. Based on PVA/gelatin hydrogel, the FMS addition increased the water absorption of hydrogel to 1,105%. RCSPs were more effectively encapsulated into FMS than solid microspheres (MS). Not only does the H‐FMS act as good “depots” for sustained release of RCSPs over 9 days, without exhibiting obvious burst release, but also show good biocompatibility in vitro. In vivo studies on wound healing as well as the histology of fibroblasts, re‐epithelialization, inflammation, and hair follicles indicated that the structure of H‐FMS released RCSPs continuously and promoted wound healing in rats significantly.
Polypropylene/phosphazene nanotube nanocomposites: Thermal, mechanical, and flame retardation studies
Authors: Rangaraj Vengatesan M. , Singh Swati , Devaraju Subramani , Wadi Vijay S. , Alhassan Saeed , Anjum Dalaver H. , Mittal Vikas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, flame retardant polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites with superior mechanical performance have been developed using amine‐functionalized phosphazene nanotubes (APZS, 1–10 wt%) through melt‐blending method. Polypropylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride was used as the compatibilizer to attain effective interaction between the nanofiller and the PP matrix. The characterization of amine‐functionalized phosphazene nanotubes (APZS) using solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy indicated successful amine functionalization, though structural changes were observed as compared to the unfunctionalized nanotubes. Owing to the covalent polymer‐filler interfacial interactions and resulting in uniform filler dispersion, the nanocomposites exhibited significant enhancement in the tensile modulus up to 5 wt% APZS content (98% increment at 5 wt% content as compared to pure polymer). The addition of a small fraction of APZS (1 wt%) improved the impact strength of the nanocomposite by more than 180%. APZS acted as a weak nucleating agent for PP, thereby leading to enhanced degree of crystallinity (up to 5 wt% APZS content). The thermal stability of the nanocomposites was also enhanced with APZS content. The nanocomposites with 5 and 10 wt% APZS loading exhibited a V0 rating in UL‐94 test, indicating that APZS introduced a robust flame retardancy behavior in the PP nanocomposites. The limiting oxygen index values also confirmed the findings from the UL‐94 analysis. The developed nanocomposites exhibit high potential of use in a wide range of high temperature applications.
Osteological description of casque ontogeny in the southern cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) using micro‐CT imaging
Authors: Green Todd L. , Gignac Paul M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExtant cassowaries (Casuarius) are unique flightless birds found in the tropics of Indo‐Australia. They have garnered substantial attention from anatomists with focus centered on the bony makeup and function of their conspicuous cranial casques, located dorsally above the orbits and neurocranium. The osteological patterning of the casque has been formally described previously; however, there are differing interpretations between authors. These variable descriptions suggest that an anatomical understanding of casque anatomy and its constituent elements may be enhanced by developmental studies aimed at further elucidating this bizarre structure. In the present study, we clarify casque osteology of the southern cassowary (C. casuarius) by detailing casque anatomy across an extensive growth series for the first time. We used micro‐computed tomography (μCT) imaging to visualize embryonic development and post‐hatching ontogeny through adulthood. We also sampled closely related emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) and ostriches (Struthio camelus) to provide valuable comparative context. We found that southern cassowary casques are comprised of three paired (i.e., nasals, lacrimals, frontals) and two unpaired elements (i.e., mesethmoid, median casque element). Although lacrimals have rarely been considered as casque elements, the contribution to the casque structure was evident in μCT images. The median casque element has often been cited as a portion of the mesethmoid. However, through comparisons between immature C. casuarius and D. novaehollandiae, we document the median casque element as a distinct unit from the mesethmoid.
Expanding the Chinese hamster ovary cell long noncoding RNA transcriptome using RNASeq
Authors: Motheramgari Krishna , Valdés‐Bango Curell Ricardo , Tzani Ioanna , Gallagher Clair , Castro‐Rivadeneyra Marina , Zhang Lin , Barron Niall , Clarke Colin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOur ability to study Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell biology has been revolutionised over the last decade following the development of next generation sequencing technology and publication of reference DNA sequences for CHO cells and the Chinese hamster. RNA sequencing has not only enabled the association of transcript expression with bioreactor conditions and desirable bioprocess phenotypes but played a key role in the characterisation of protein coding and small noncoding RNAs. The annotation of long noncoding RNAs, and therefore our understanding of their role in CHO cell biology, has been limited to date. In this manuscript, we use high‐resolution RNASeq data to more than double the number of annotated lncRNA transcripts for the CHO K1 genome. In addition, the utilisation of strand‐specific sequencing enabled the identification of more than 1,000 new antisense and divergent lncRNAs. The utility of monitoring lncRNA expression is demonstrated through an analysis of the transcriptomic response to a reduction of cell culture temperature and identification of simultaneous sense/antisense differential expression for the first time in CHO cells. To enable further studies of lncRNAs, the transcripts annotated in this study have been made available for the CHO cell biology community.
Potential utilization of bulgur bran as a source of dietary fiber in cookies
Authors: Saka İrem , Özkaya Hazım , Özkaya Berrin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesIn this study, the utilization of bulgur bran as a fiber source in cookies was investigated. Different levels of bulgur bran (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) with different particle sizes (200 µm, 400 µm, 850 µm) were blended with flour, and the blends were evaluated for dietary fiber and phytic acid content. Also, the effect of bulgur bran on the rheological properties of dough and the physical, structural, and sensory properties of cookies were investigated.FindingsBulgur bran increased the amounts of dietary fiber in cookies significantly, depending on the addition rate. The addition of bulgur bran increased the phytic acid content of cookies. The water absorption, dough development time, and stability of the farinograms increased as the rate of incorporation and particle size of bulgur bran increased. As the particle size and bran levels increased in mixtures, cookie thickness increased, but the spread ratio decreased, and cookies became darker in color. The addition of bulgur bran increased the breaking strength of cookies. Sensory evaluation showed that as the particle size of the participating bran increased, consumer acceptability was reduced. It was concluded that acceptable cookies could be obtained by incorporating bulgur bran at rates lower than 10% in the formulation.ConclusionAs a result, it was determined that bulgur bran contained high amount of dietary fiber, whereas it contained low amount of phytic acid. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative to other cereal brans, both in terms of functionality and human health.Significance and noveltyFindings of this study revealed useful information on chemical composition of bulgur bran and utilization in cookies. These results showed that bulgur bran could be used as a good source of fiber for different products in the bakery industry.
PhotoMetrix and colorimetric image analysis using smartphones
Authors: Böck Fernanda Carla , Helfer Gilson Augusto , da Costa Adilson Ben , Dessuy Morgana Bazzan , Ferrão Marco Flôres 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe steady advances in technology employed in smartphones, coupled with the high availability and the ease access to these devices, increased the interest in applying it to analytical purposes. The main goal is to develop simple, fast, and low‐cost analytical methods, generating immediate results. Different analytical strategies using smartphones have been proposed to identify or determine different analytes in a wide range of matrices. Some of them use the smartphone to capture the images, to process them, and to provide the analytical results. Others use this device just for image acquisition. In this context, this review aimed to relate previous works that used smartphones to acquire images for analytical purposes, with a special focus on PhotoMetrix application, which is a tool for chemical analysis. This application allows the decomposition of digital images acquired by smartphone cameras and to process them within the same device, allowing in situ chemical analysis.
An analysis of vascular properties using pulse wave analysis in patients with vasovagal syncope
Authors: Jang Ji‐Hun , Park Jin‐Hee , Ko Kyu‐Yong , Baek Yong‐Soo , Kwon Sung‐Woo , Park Sang‐Don , Shin Sung‐Hee , Woo Seong‐Ill , Kwan Jun , Kim Dae‐Hyeok 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundVasovagal syncope (VVS) is a common cause of recurrent syncope. Nevertheless, the exact hemodynamic mechanism has not been elucidated. Pulse wave analysis (PWA) is widely used to evaluate vascular properties, as it reflects the condition of the entire arterial system.HypothesisCardiovascular autonomic modulation may influence the hemodynamic mechanism and result in different vascular properties between VVS patients and healthy individuals.MethodsWe enrolled consecutive patients diagnosed with VVS on head‐up tilt testing from January 2014 to August 2019. Healthy subjects were enrolled as the control group. We performed PWA on all participants. Using propensity score matching, we assembled a study population with similar baseline characteristics and compared hemodynamic parameters.ResultsA total of 111 VVS patients (43 ± 18 years, 72 females) and 475 healthy control subjects (48 ± 13 years, 192 females) were enrolled. Compared to the healthy control subjects, the VVS patients had a higher augmentation index (AIx) adjusted to a heart rate of 75 beats per minute (AIx@HR75, 20.5 ± 13.1% vs 16.7 ± 11.9%, P = .003). After 1:1 matched comparison (111 matched control), VVS patients consistently showed higher AIx@HR75 (20.5 ± 13.1% vs 16.7 ± 12.9%, P = .02) than the matched control group. According to age distribution, VVS patients showed significantly higher AIx@HR75 (10.6 ± 11.7% vs 2.5 ± 11.1%, P = .01) in a young age (15‐33 years) group.ConclusionsVVS patients had greater arterial stiffness than healthy subjects. This is one of the plausible mechanisms of the pathophysiology of VVS.
Using SPAdes De Novo Assembler
Authors: Prjibelski Andrey , Antipov Dmitry , Meleshko Dmitry , Lapidus Alla , Korobeynikov Anton 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSPAdes—St. Petersburg genome Assembler—was originally developed for de novo assembly of genome sequencing data produced for cultivated microbial isolates and for single‐cell genomic DNA sequencing. With time, the functionality of SPAdes was extended to enable assembly of IonTorrent data, as well as hybrid assembly from short and long reads (PacBio and Oxford Nanopore). In this article we present protocols for five different assembly pipelines that comprise the SPAdes package and that are used for assembly of metagenomes and transcriptomes as well as assembly of putative plasmids and biosynthetic gene clusters from whole‐genome sequencing and metagenomic datasets. In addition, we present guidelines for understanding results with use cases for each pipeline, and several additional support protocols that help in using SPAdes properly. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Assembling isolate bacterial datasetsBasic Protocol 2: Assembling metagenomic datasetsBasic Protocol 3: Assembling sets of putative plasmidsBasic Protocol 4: Assembling transcriptomesBasic Protocol 5: Assembling putative biosynthetic gene clustersSupport Protocol 1: Installing SPAdesSupport Protocol 2: Providing input via command lineSupport Protocol 3: Providing input data via YAML formatSupport Protocol 4: Restarting previous runSupport Protocol 5: Determining strand‐specificity of RNA‐seq data
MTXPK.org: A Clinical Decision Support Tool Evaluating High‐Dose Methotrexate Pharmacokinetics to Inform Post‐Infusion Care and Use of Glucarpidase
Authors: Taylor Zachary L. , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Punt Nieko C. , Baskaran Balaji , Navarro Sainz Adriana , Shuman William , Felicelli Nicholas , Vinks Alexander A. , Heldrup Jesper , Ramsey Laura B. 
Published: June 2020

Methotrexate (MTX), an antifolate, is administered at high doses to treat malignancies in children and adults. However, there is considerable interpatient variability in clearance of high‐dose (HD) MTX. Patients with delayed clearance are at an increased risk for severe nephrotoxicity and life‐threatening systemic MTX exposure. Glucarpidase is a rescue agent for severe MTX toxicity that reduces plasma MTX levels via hydrolysis of MTX into inactive metabolites, but is only indicated when MTX concentrations are > 2 SDs above the mean excretion curve specific for the given dose together with a significant creatinine increase (> 50%). Appropriate administration of glucarpidase is challenging due to the ambiguity in the labeled indication. A recent consensus guideline was published with an algorithm to provide clarity in when to administer glucarpidase, yet clinical interpretation of laboratory results that do not directly correspond to the algorithm prove to be a limitation of its use. The goal of our study was to develop a clinical decision support tool to optimize the administration of glucarpidase for patients receiving HD MTX. Here, we describe the development of a novel 3‐compartment MTX population pharmacokinetic (PK) model using 31,672 MTX plasma concentrations from 772 pediatric patients receiving HD MTX for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its integration into the online clinical decision support tool, MTXPK.org. This web‐based tool has the functionality to utilize individualized demographics, serum creatinine, and real‐time drug concentrations to predict the elimination profile and facilitate model‐informed administration of glucarpidase.
Photomanipulation of the Mechanical Properties in a Liquid Crystal with Azo‐Containing Bent‐Core Mesogens
Authors: Kurachkina Marharyta , Nádasi Hajnalka , Alaasar Mohamed , Tschierske Carsten , Eremin Alexey 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate the reversible photomanipulation of the bulk mechanical properties in the azobenzene‐containing bent‐core liquid crystal. The azobenzene groups in the mesogens exhibit reversible cis‐trans photoisomerization abilities. An unprecedentedly large reduction by the factor of more than 5 of the splay elastic constant in a cybotactic‐type nematic phase was found under exposure to the UV. This opens up the possibility to manipulate the mechanical properties of liquid crystals using light. The liquid crystal material is also distinguished by the sign inversion of low‐frequency temperature‐dependent dielectric anisotropy. Such behavior can be related to the presence of smectic‐like nanoclusters both in the isotropic phase near the clearing point and in the cybotactic nematic phase.
Transcriptional profiling and immunophenotyping show sustained activation of blood monocytes in subpatent Plasmodium falciparum infection
Authors: Loughland Jessica R , Woodberry Tonia , Field Matt , Andrew Dean W , SheelaNair Arya , Dooley Nicholas L , Piera Kim A , Amante Fiona H , Kenangalem Enny , Price Ric N , Engwerda Christian R , Anstey Nicholas M , McCarthy James S , Boyle Michelle J , Minigo Gabriela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesMalaria, caused by Plasmodium infection, remains a major global health problem. Monocytes are integral to the immune response, yet their transcriptional and functional responses in primary Plasmodium falciparum infection and in clinical malaria are poorly understood.MethodsThe transcriptional and functional profiles of monocytes were examined in controlled human malaria infection with P. falciparum blood stages and in children and adults with acute malaria. Monocyte gene expression and functional phenotypes were examined by RNA sequencing and flow cytometry at peak infection and compared to pre‐infection or at convalescence in acute malaria.ResultsIn subpatent primary infection, the monocyte transcriptional profile was dominated by an interferon (IFN) molecular signature. Pathways enriched included type I IFN signalling, innate immune response and cytokine‐mediated signalling. Monocytes increased TNF and IL‐12 production upon in vitro toll‐like receptor stimulation and increased IL‐10 production upon in vitro parasite restimulation. Longitudinal phenotypic analyses revealed sustained significant changes in the composition of monocytes following infection, with increased CD14+CD16− and decreased CD14−CD16+ subsets. In acute malaria, monocyte CD64/FcγRI expression was significantly increased in children and adults, while HLA‐DR remained stable. Although children and adults showed a similar pattern of differentially expressed genes, the number and magnitude of gene expression change were greater in children.ConclusionsMonocyte activation during subpatent malaria is driven by an IFN molecular signature with robust activation of genes enriched in pathogen detection, phagocytosis, antimicrobial activity and antigen presentation. The greater magnitude of transcriptional changes in children with acute malaria suggests monocyte phenotypes may change with age or exposure.
Adamantinoma‐like Ewing sarcoma of the thyroid
Authors: Jones Robert , Maleki Zahra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdamantinoma‐like Ewing sarcoma (ALES) is a rare variant of Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFTs). ALES is characterized by translocations of the EWSR1 (Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1) gene on chromosome 22, morphologic features of small round blue cell tumors with focal squamous differentiation, and a unique immunoprofile. Herein, we report a 21‐year‐old patient who presented with severe, acute onset back pain. Imaging revealed a large, exophytic, heterogeneously enhancing mass in the left thyroid and numerous lytic bone lesions. Fine‐needle aspiration of the thyroid, revealed a cellular smear with “small round blue cell” morphology. The unique immunoprofile of positive ESFT markers (NKX2.2 and CD99), along with positive markers of squamous epithelial differentiation (AE1/AE3 and p40), led to a diagnosis of ALES. This was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, which demonstrated EWSR1 rearrangement in 74% of nuclei.
Fine‐needle aspiration findings of fibroadenoma with pseudolactational changes in the vulva: A case report
Authors: Mohammadnia Avval Maryam , Vijayananda Kumar Perikala , Momtahan Mozhdeh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFibroadenoma is a common benign neoplasm of the breast and ectopic breast tissue, associated with possible lactational changes in pregnant or lactating women. Uncommon pseudolactational changes are possible in this neoplasm among nulliparous women. Fibroadenoma and lactating adenoma are rarely seen in the vulvar region. Theoretically, pseudolactational changes can occur in fibroadenomas of the vulva in young nulliparous women although there have been no reports so far. In this case report, we describe the fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of a vulvar fibroadenoma with pseudolactational changes in a young nulliparous woman. This type of neoplasm has not been reported so far, and it may be misdiagnosed as a malignancy because of its cytological features, such as isolated cells with large nuclei and distinct nucleoli.
Cytomorphological spectrum of hand, wrist, and foot lesions at tertiary care center in central India
Authors: Panwar Hemlata , Tandon Ashwani , Joshi Deepti , Goel Garima , Mahabharti Kodavali , Kapoor Neelkamal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundFine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) being a fast technique is used as a primary investigation to diagnose wide spectrum of hand, wrist, and foot lesions. These sites are prone to trauma, reparative, and infectious process, which forms mass lesions mimicking neoplasia. Our study highlighted the importance of FNAC with the chance of reduction in biopsy or excision.Aims and objectivesTo report the prevalence and cytomorphological spectrum of hand and foot lesions with the aim of consolidating the diagnostic potential and also correlate the cytological evaluation with histopathology.Materials and methodsThis retrospective observational study was done in central India for the period of 5.5 years. The archive cytology slides of patients with palpable lesions at these sites are reviewed and analyzed.ResultsOf the total 6512 FNAC cases, 115 cases presented as swelling in the hand, wrist, and foot are reviewed. Age ranged from 4 months to 80 years with M:F = 1.25:1. Of the 111 satisfactory smears (96.7%), 21 cases (18.9%) diagnosed as inflammatory lesion, including synovitis, tuberculosis, gout, and fat necrosis. Sixty cases as benign non‐neoplastic (tumor‐like) lesions with the most common being ganglion (29). Of the 30 neoplastic lesions, 26 were benign tumor with the most common being mesenchymal neoplasms (19), followed by giant cell tumor of tendon sheath. Malignant tumors included malignant melanoma, small round cell tumor, and squamous‐cell carcinoma.ConclusionFNAC is useful investigation for early diagnosis of hand and foot lesions. These lesions are benign mostly with less malignancy occurrence (<2%), compared with other soft tissue lesions.
Periodontal risk markers in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jensen Emilija , Allen Gabrielle , Bednarz Jana , Couper Jennifer , Peña Alexia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontal disease is a frequent complication of diabetes in adults, and both conditions are associated with systemic inflammatory states. This systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to establish the relative severity of periodontal disease risk markers in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsA systematic search strategy using PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed to identify relevant studies assessing periodontal risk markers in children and adolescents and T1D through to February 2019. Eligible studies were assessed for quality and heterogeneity, and a random effects model was used to estimate differences in selected periodontal risk markers in children with T1D relative to healthy controls.ResultsThe search identified 551 studies from which 23 were found to meet the inclusion criteria. Random effects meta‐analyses demonstrated that relative to healthy controls, children and adolescents with T1D had higher mean values for plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth and clinical attachment loss (all P < .001).ConclusionsRisk markers for periodontal disease were found to be more pronounced among children and adolescents with T1D compared to healthy controls. Early referral of these at risk individuals for dental examination is recommended to allow for early intervention.