bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current status and practical considerations in the development of convalescent plasma as a treatment for COVID‐19
Authors: Liao Hua 
Published: August 2020

Background and ObjectivesThe ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic caused by rapid spreading of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus since December 2019 is inflicting tremendous harm in human health and causing severe economic damages around the world. Expeditious identification and development of intervention therapies are of great importance before safe and effective vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 become widely available. Convalescent plasma therapy has emerged as a promising candidate that could be safe and effective against COVID‐19 within a short period of time, due to positive experiences thus far with regard to both safety and efficacy from past infectious disease outbreaks.Materials and MethodsThree types of studies involving convalescent plasma therapy have been reviewed, including CP for past infectious disease outbreaks, recent published studies and ongoing clinical trials for COVID‐19.ResultsThis review provides a narrative summary of existing clinical data for the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma in infectious diseases, the current status of its development and use as a COVID‐19 treatment, and some practical considerations in the design of clinical trials.ConclusionDespite that encouraging data continue to accumulate, definitive clinical evidence for the effectiveness of CP therapy as a treatment for COVID‐19 is still lacking and the need for well designed randomized trials is imperative. The experiences learned about convalescent plasma as a therapy from the past outbreaks and the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic will be invaluable in combating future outbreaks of infectious diseases.
Measurement of fatigue in clinicians within hospital settings: a systematic review protocol of measurement properties
Authors: Walters Stephen John , Stern Cindy , Stephenson Matthew 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to evaluate measurement properties of instruments used to measure fatigue in clinicians within hospital settings.

Introduction:
Research has shown that clinician fatigue leads to accidents and mistakes, and puts patient safety at risk. The problem of managing fatigue in clinicians may need a more complex approach than only restricting work hours. It may be helpful to include a measure of fatigue in the workplace so that fatigue may be quantified, predicted, and correlated to performance.

Inclusion criteria:
Articles will include clinicians working in hospitals, and will evaluate and present measurement properties of the instruments used to measure fatigue. The studies of interest include validation studies, quantitative research, and instrument development reports.

Methods:
Databases to be searched include PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EThOS (Electronic Thesis Online Service), ProQuest Dissertations and Theses: Global, and will be limited to publications in English. There will be no date limits. Articles will be screened and those meeting the inclusion criteria will be retained and assessed for methodological quality by two independent appraisers. Data will be presented using a narrative synthesis and tables presenting the measurement properties of each instrument and ancillary data.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020186226
Experiences and views of women, children, and professionals regarding second-hand smoke exposure prevention in Middle Eastern countries: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Hassanein Zeinab , Langley Tessa , Murray Rachael L. , Bogdanovica Ilze , Leonardi-Bee Jo 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This systematic review aims to identify and explore the experiences and views of women, children, and professionals regarding second-hand smoke exposure prevention in the home, workplace, school, personal vehicles, and public places in Middle Eastern countries.

Introduction:
Exposure to second-hand smoke is a significant public health problem globally, but particularly in Middle Eastern countries. Whilst many Middle Eastern countries have implemented tobacco-control programs and have legislation that bans smoking in public places, the legislation is not always comprehensively implemented or enforced. Therefore, women and children continue to be exposed to second-hand smoke in public and private settings.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies that include the views and experiences of any of the following three groups: (i) women (including pregnant women and mothers), (ii) children (primary and secondary school age), and (iii) professionals (including health professionals and policy makers), regarding the prevention of second-hand smoke exposure in women and children in Middle Eastern countries.

Methods:
MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus, and sources of gray literature will be searched for eligible studies. Databases will be searched from their inception dates and no language restrictions will be applied. Two reviewers will independently screen studies and assess methodological quality and extract data from the included studies following JBI systematic review guidelines. The JBI process of meta-aggregation will be used to identify categories and synthesize findings. The ConQual approach will be used to assess confidence in the findings.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO (CRD42019137006)
Effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy for nipple pain or nipple trauma in lactating women: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Cirico Michelli Oliveira Vani , Shimoda Gilceria Tochika , Silva Isilia Aparecida , de Sousa Marcelo Victor Pires , de Castro Renata , McArthur Alexa 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this protocol is to evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy for the treatment of nipple pain or nipple trauma in women during the breastfeeding period.

Introduction:
One approach that has been reported on the management of nipple pain or nipple trauma in lactating women is the use photobiomodulation therapy to heal the injury or to decrease pain intensity. However, studies have achieved different results, due to variations in the treatment protocol, such as the source of light used, the application mode, the irradiation, or the light dose parameters, leading to varying outcomes.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies that evaluate photobiomodulation therapy for the treatment of nipple pain or nipple trauma in lactating women in the postpartum period that compare the intervention to standard care, placebo, or other type of treatment. The following outcomes will be considered: intensity of nipple pain, healing of nipple trauma, exclusive breastfeeding rate, quality of life, and satisfaction of the women with treatment. There will be no publication time limit, and studies published in any language will be considered for inclusion.

Methods:
This review will be conducted in accordance with JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness. The search strategy will search both published and unpublished studies, and the process of study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, and data synthesis will be performed in accordance to the JBI approach.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42019147401
An Automated Quantitative Method to Analyze Immunohistochemistry and Immunocytochemistry Images
Authors: Jin Yongcheng , Shi Kexin , Gao Xumei , Langenbach Shenna Y. , Li Meina , Harris Trudi , Stewart Alastair G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImmunohistochemistry (IHC) plays an important role in target protein analysis. However, many researchers analyze IHC images by five/three-tier manual ranking methods based on stained area and density. Such manual scoring might be biased by the antibody amount, counterstaining density, overall brightness, and most importantly, researchers' ranking experience. The potential lack of reliability in manual approach drives us to develop an automatic tool to quantitatively analyze IHC, which can also be used for immunocytochemistry (ICC). We applied a “color deconvolution” method based on an red-green-blue (RGB) color vector matching the color of desired immunochemistry agent, 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) with haematoxylin in this case, to acquire pseudo-color images. Subsequently, Density, the product of integrating the single pixel staining density by area stained, is used as an index of immunostaining. We observed a strong correlation between the results by our automatic method and the manual scoring from experienced researchers, demonstrating the utility of this method in IHC and ICC. For IHC analysis, five-tier ranking based on density (n = 161) shows a high Spearman's coefficient (rho) of 0.80 (P &lt; 0.0001) with the annotation given by two experienced scientists. However, the rho between experienced and inexperienced researchers' annotation (n = 154) is only 0.66 (P &lt; 0.0001). In immunocytochemistry, the rho between density and experienced researchers' annotation is 0.80 (n = 44, P &lt; 0.0001). In conclusion, our method can rank multiple protein targets in immunohistochemistry and may be also used in immunochemistry.
Nationwide trends in the incidence of orbital lymphoma from 1999 to 2016 in South Korea
Authors: Jung Su Kyung , Lim Jiwon , Yang Suk Woo , Won Young-Joo 
Published: August 2020

Background/AimsLymphomas are the most frequent neoplasm of the orbit. However, the epidemiology of orbital lymphomas is not well reported. This study aimed to provide a population-based report on the epidemiology of orbital lymphomas and measure the trends in the incidence of orbital lymphoma cancer in South Korea.MethodsNationwide cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2016 were obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry. Age-standardised incidence rates and annual percent changes were calculated according to sex and histological types. The analysis according to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results summary stage classifications was performed from 2006 to 2016. Survival rates were estimated for cases diagnosed from 1999 to 2016.ResultsA total of 630 patients (median age: 54 years) with orbital lymphoma in the orbital soft tissue were included in this study. The age-standardised incidence rates increased from 0.03 to 0.08 per 100 000 individuals between 1999 and 2016, with an annual percent change of 6.61%. The most common histopathological type of orbital lymphoma was extra marginal zone B cell lymphoma, accounting for 82.2% of all orbital lymphomas during 1999–2016, followed by diffuse large B cell lymphoma (9.2%). Five-year, 10-year and 15-year overall survival (OS) of orbital lymphoma was 90.8%, 83.8% and 75.8%, respectively. OS showed a significant decrease as age increased and no significant differences between men and women.ConclusionThe incidence rate of orbital lymphoma is very low in South Korea. However, the incidence rate has increased over the past years. Orbital lymphomas have a worse prognosis as age increases.
Temperature and cardiovascular mortality in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: effect modification by individual-level and neighbourhood-level factors
Authors: Silveira Ismael Henrique , Cortes Taísa Rodrigues , Oliveira Beatriz Fátima Alves , Junger Washington Leite 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundMany factors related to susceptibility or vulnerability to temperature effects on mortality have been proposed in the literature. However, there is limited evidence of effect modification by some individual-level factors such as occupation, colour/race, education level and community-level factors. We investigated the effect modification of the temperature–cardiovascular mortality relationship by individual-level and neighbourhood-level factors in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.MethodsWe used a case-crossover study to estimate the total effect of temperature on cardiovascular mortality in Rio de Janeiro between 2001 and 2018, and the effect modification by individual-level and neighbourhood-level factors. Individual-level factors included sex, age, colour/race, education, and place of death. Neighbourhood-level characteristics included social development index (SDI), income, electricity consumption and demographic change. We used conditional Poisson regression models combined with distributed lag non-linear models, adjusted for humidity and public holidays.ResultsOur results suggest a higher vulnerability to high temperatures among the elderly, women, non-hospitalised deaths, and people with a lower education level. Vulnerability to low temperatures was higher among the elderly, men, non-white people, and for primary education level. As for neighbourhood-level factors, we identified greater vulnerability to low and high temperatures in places with lower SDI, lower income, lower consumption of electricity, and higher demographic growth.ConclusionThe effects of temperature on cardiovascular disease mortality in Rio de Janeiro vary according to individual-level and neighbourhood-level factors. These findings are valuable to inform policymakers about the most vulnerable groups and places, in order to develop more effective and equitable public policies.
Staff perceptions of how changes occur in an emergency department: a qualitative study
Authors: Ratnapalan Savithiri , Lang Daniel 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionChanges in healthcare organisations often incur significant financial costs and disrupt of normal operations. The objective of this research was to explore staff perceptions of changes at a university teaching hospital in the UK.MethodsGrounded theory methodology was used to perform a secondary analysis of 41 interview transcripts from participants consisting of 20 physicians, 13 nurses, 2 support workers and 6 managers involved in paediatric emergency care at the hospital.ResultsFour major themes identified from the analysis were types of changes, change readiness, change triggers and challenges to implementing changes. Both planned and emergent changes can occur simultaneously, and emergency department staff are ready to manage them although external pressures seem to be the main trigger for changes, emergent changes appear to occur as initiatives to improve performance or improve services. Emergent changes at a systemic level have an inclusive planning, implementation and evaluation process. They have to be implemented at minimal cost and show the value of changes.Discussion and conclusionThese results suggest that emergent changes that were to be implemented at a system level had higher scrutiny of their value and to occur with zero or minimum financial cost. Planned changes implemented by senior management as top–down process should have similar procedures and scrutiny to emergent changes arising from staff, to ensure value for cost. Policy makers and senior managers should encourage and evaluate group or system level changes that arise as a bottom–up process and assess associated financial cost.
Abstract A017: Cancer information seeking across four categories of an urban/rural continuum: The intersection of place, race, and health information in rural America
Authors: Lopez Gilberto , Mattie Heather 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Despite decreases in cancer mortality overall, rural populations continue to have higher prevalence and slower reduction of cancer death rates. As a preventive approach to combat cancer, the National Cancer Institute continues to prioritize providing the public with health information. Yet, little is known about cancer information-seeking across rural America and even less about its ethnic/racial distribution. Methods. Using Rural-Urban Commuting Area Codes (RUCAs), from the 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS-5) Cycle 2 database we analyze the odds of looking for information about cancer across four geo-political contexts (n=2,625): urban, large-rural, small-rural, and isolated-rural areas, thus giving us a potentially more detailed understanding of place and health across the urban-rural continuum. We test for the interaction of race and rurality to see if the association between RUCAs and health seeking differs for Whites and non-Whites. Using an established social determinants framework, a series of logistic regression models were fitted to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. Across all models, those living in isolated rural areas had approximately 0.4 times the odds of seeking cancer information compared to urban-dwellers (p&lt;0.05). Interestingly, this association is worse for ethnic minorities as the odds drops to 0.11 for non-Whites in isolated rural areas compared to Whites living in isolated rural areas. Conclusions. In this study, compared to urban-dwellers, those living in isolated rural areas have lower odds of seeking cancer information. This relationship was worse for ethnic minorities. Understanding this relationship between place and health has implication for the allocation of resources and the design of interventions aimed at increasing information about cancer.
Citation Format: Gilberto Lopez, Heather Mattie. Cancer information seeking across four categories of an urban/rural continuum: The intersection of place, race, and health information in rural America [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A017.
Abstract A052: Multilevel determinants of financial toxicity in breast cancer care: Perspectives of healthcare professionals and Latina survivors
Authors: Chebli Perla , Lemus Jocelyne , Avila Corazón , Peña Kryztal , Mariscal Bertha , Merlos Sue , Guitelman Judy , Molina Yamilé 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Financial toxicity is a multidimensional side effect of cancer treatment. Most relevant research has focused on patient perspectives in characterizing individual-level determinants of financial toxicity. This study examines the multi-level determinants of financial toxicity from the perspectives of Latina breast cancer survivors and healthcare professionals. Methods: We analyzed qualitative data from focus groups with 19 Latina breast cancer survivors and interviews with 10 healthcare professionals recruited through community partners and venues in Chicago. Results: At the individual level, lack of knowledge of treatment-related costs and insurance coverage were shared concerns among survivors and healthcare professionals; healthcare professionals viewed this lack of knowledge as driving delays in financial planning, while survivors prioritized survival over financial concerns after diagnosis. At the interpersonal level, both groups viewed social networks as platforms for disseminating information on financial resources. At the community level, healthcare professionals identified community norms and dynamics as barriers to seeking financial assistance, while survivors suggested that access to culturally-astute community-based organizations may eliminate these barriers. At the organizational/health policy level, healthcare professionals reported that Latina patients’ access to financial assistance programs is compromised by restrictive eligibility criteria, leading to worse financial burden among ineligible patients according to survivors. Healthcare professionals noted the limited availability and instability of financial assistance programs, and both groups agreed that such programs were limited post-treatment. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that multi-level interventions at the patient, clinical team, healthcare, and policy levels may be needed to adequately address financial toxicity in cancer survivors.
Citation Format: Perla Chebli, Jocelyne Lemus, Corazón Avila, Kryztal Peña, Bertha Mariscal, Sue Merlos, Judy Guitelman, Yamilé Molina. Multilevel determinants of financial toxicity in breast cancer care: Perspectives of healthcare professionals and Latina survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A052.
Abstract A106: Preexisting mental illness on all-cause and cause-specific mortality among Medicaid-insured women diagnosed with breast cancer
Authors: Lawrence Wayne R , Hosler Akiko , Gates Margaret , Leinung Matthew , Zhang Xiuling , Zhang Wangjian , Schymura Maria , Boscoe Francis 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Research suggests mental illness contributes to poor survival among cancer patients. In New York State (NYS), Medicaid is the largest single insurer for individuals with mental illness. We investigated the influence of preexisting mental illness on all-cause and cause-specific mortality among Medicaid-insured women diagnosed with breast cancer. Methods: 9,479 women aged &lt;65 years diagnosed with breast cancer and reported to the NYS Cancer Registry from 2004-2016 were linked with NYS Medicaid claims. Women were grouped as having depression or severe mental illness if they had at least three diagnosis claims for mental illness with at least one claim within three years prior to breast cancer diagnosis. Severe mental illness included schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other psychotic disorders. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated with Cox regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Women with severe mental illness had greater risks of all-cause (HR 1.49; 95% CI 1.25, 1.78), cancer (HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.09, 1.68), and cardiovascular (HR 2.14; 95% CI 1.22, 3.74) mortality compared to women without mental illness. No association was observed for depression. The association between severe mental illness and all-cause mortality was strongest among Asians (HR 3.85; 95% CI 1.55, 9.60) but also observed in White (HR 1.50; 95% CI 1.17, 1.93) and Black (HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.02, 1.80) women. Additionally, associations were also observed among obese (HR 1.83; 95% CI 1.42, 2.36) and postmenopausal (HR 1.64; 95% CI 1.35, 2.01) women with preexisting severe mental illness, but no association was observed for premenopausal women. Conclusion: Women with preexisting severe mental illness diagnosed with breast cancer have an elevated mortality risk and should be monitored and treated by a coordinated cross-functional clinical team.
Citation Format: Wayne R Lawrence, Akiko Hosler, Margaret Gates, Matthew Leinung, Xiuling Zhang, Wangjian Zhang, Maria Schymura, Francis Boscoe. Preexisting mental illness on all-cause and cause-specific mortality among Medicaid-insured women diagnosed with breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A106.