bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treating sepsis in the emergency prehospital setting with IV antibiotics
Authors: Jadzinski Patryk , Markham Chris 
Published: July 2020

Background:The effectiveness of intravenous (IV) antibiotics for the treatment of sepsis in UK prehospital emergency care is not fully understood. In addition, the views of the key clinical decision-makers in ambulance services have not been documented.Aims:This study aimed to provide contemporary, primary data on the opinions of medical directors from across the UK on the use of IV antibiotics to treat sepsis in prehospital emergency care.Methods:A qualitative methodology was used. During semi-structured telephone interviews, participants were encouraged to share their personal and professional views on the use of IV antibiotics to treat sepsis in ambulance services. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and a thematic content analysis using the principles of grounded theory was carried out.Findings:Five themes emerged: barriers and enablers; early sepsis recognition; accurate and consistent National Early Warning Score (NEWS) scoring; the need for primary evidence; and standardisation of equipment and protocols. A range of opinions were suggested, with an emphasis on rapid transfers and the need for further evidence.Conclusion:There is a drive for early sepsis diagnosis and pre-alerting the receiving hospital. However, there are potential barriers to standardising the approach if paramedics were to collect blood samples and administer IV antibiotics. Additionally, in the absence of UK data on the effectiveness of this treatment, many key decision-makers are reluctant to consider it as a standard approach. Despite this, there is some strong support for using benzylpenicillin for the treatment of suspected sepsis.
What are teens doing with media? An ethnographic approach for identifying transmedia skills and informal learning strategies
Authors: Scolari Carlos A. , Ardèvol Elisenda , Pérez-Latorre Òliver , Masanet Maria-Jose , Lugo Rodríguez Nohemi 
Published: July 2020

The emergence of new media, devices, narratives and practices has compelled media literacy scholars and professionals to review their theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches. Based on a new conception – ‘transmedia literacy’ – that moves from traditional media literacy to informal learning and participatory cultures practices, the research program behind the present article tries to understand how new generations are doing things with media outside schools and how they learnt to do the things they do. The article begins by describing the transformations of media literacy in recent years as a consequence of the mutations of the media ecology and, in that context, proposes a methodological approachfor analysing the acquisition of transmedia skills in informal learning environments by teens. The article describes, analyses and evaluates the development and initial implementation of this methodology working with teenagers in a high-school in NAME CITY. It ends with a Research Kit that includes surveys, creative workshops, interactive interviews and media diaries with teens between 12-18 years old. The article also describes the evolution of this methodological approach from its original formulation to the evaluation of the model after it was tested, and reflects on the possibilities of developing specific research devices to be applied in transnational research.
You Ain’t Heard Nothin’ Yet, James Bawden and Ron Miller (2017)
Authors: Nielsen Andrew P. 
Published: July 2020

Review of: You Ain’t Heard Nothin’ Yet, James Bawden and Ron Miller (2017)
Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 432pp.,
ISBN: 9780813174211 (hbk), $36.95,
ISBN: 9780813174228 (pdf), $36.95,
ISBN: 9780813174228 (epub), $36.95
PERFIL DE SOLICITAÇÕES AO SERVIÇO DE INFORMAÇÃO SOBRE MEDICAMENTOS (SIM) DE UM HOSPITAL MATERNO-INFANTIL DO SERIDÓ OCIDENTAL POTIGUAR, BRASIL
Authors: Gomes Maia Adryele , Mariz Batista Almária 
Published: July 2020

Os Centros/Serviços de Informação sobre Medicamentos exercem função primordial, atuando na resolução de problemas concretos ligados a uso de medicamentos e fornecendo informações confi áveis e atualizadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as solicitações de informação do Serviço de Informações sobre Medicamentos do Hospital do Seridó em Caicó-RN. Trata-se de estudo observacional realizado no período de março a outubro de 2019. As variáveis do estudo foram temática das informações requisitadas, tipo de solicitante, prioridade (urgente e normal), meio utilizado para solicitação, fontes de pesquisa consultadas para resposta e medicamentos envolvidos. Durante oito meses o Serviço recebeu 28 solicitações, das quais 53,57% eram de profissionais lotados no serviço com prevalência do técnico de enfermagem com 42,86%. O tema mais abordado foi preparo/administração de medicamentos (39,29%). O meio de comunicação mais solicitado foi pessoalmente (96,43%), as bases de dados eletrônicas foram as fontes mais utilizadas para responder às solicitações (47,83%) e a prioridade urgente representou 71,43%. A análise dos dados do período permitiu verificar o perfil das solicitações atendidas nos primeiros meses de funcionamento do Serviço. Assim, é notável que o Serviço vem alcançando seu objetivo principal de promover o uso seguro e racional de medicamentos, refletindo seu papel social à população.
Hakikat Asas Pacta Sunt Servanda Dalam Sengketa Yang Dilandasi Perjanjian
Authors: Yunanto Yunanto 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTDispute resolution can be done by litigation and non litigation. Litigation settlement is conventional methods that contain tire weakness, so that the non-litigation settlement with an agreement arises. Issues: concerning the nature of law enforcement of the treaty agreement as the basis for resolving disputes through ADR; The power of the principle pacta sunt servanda in the mechanism of execution of the ADR decision. In law enforcement of agreements, it can be a violation of the making of an agreement (pre contract), and a violation of the implementation of the agreement (post contract), which leads to a settlement in litigation. Settlement through ADR must be based on the agreement of the parties and stated in the agreement. The power of the principle of pacta sunt servanda over the settlement agreement through ADR binds the parties and applies as a law. Third parties may not intervene on the substance of the contract made by the parties. Keywords: agreement, principle pacta sunt servanda, ADR. ABSTRAKPenyelesaian sengketa dapat dilakukan secara litigasi dan non litigasi. Penyelesaian secara litigasi merupakan cara-cara konvensional yang mengandung banyak kelemahan, sehingga memunculkan penyelesaian non litigasi atau di luar pengadilan (ADR) yang dilandasi dengan perjanjian. Permasalahan: menyangkut Hakikat penegakan hukum perjanjian; Perjanjian sebagai landasan penyelesaian sengketa melalui ADR; Kekuatan asas pacta sunt servanda dalam mekanisme eksekusi putusan ADR. Dalam penegakan hukum terhadap perjanjian, bisa berupa pelanggaran terhadap pembuatan perjanjian (pra contract), dan pelanggaran terhadap pelaksanaan perjanjian (post contract), yang bermuara pada penyelesaian secara litigasi. Penyelesaian melalui ADR harus didasarkan pada kesepakatan para pihak dan dan dituangkan dalam perjanjian. Kekuatan asas pacta sunt servanda atas perjanjian penyelesaian melalui ADR mengikat para pihak dan berlaku sebagai undang-undang. Pihak ketiga tidak boleh melakukan intervensi terhadap substansi kontrak yang dibuat oleh para pihak.Kata Kunci: perjanjian, asas pacta sunt servanda, sengketa.
Keratin 17 is induced in prurigo nodularis lesions
Authors: Yang Li-Li , Huang Hai-Yan , Chen Zhen-Zhen , Chen Ran , Ye Rong , Zhang Wei , Yu Bo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrurigo nodularis (PN) is a highly pruritic chronic inflammatory dermatosis with unknown pathogenesis. It is characterized by the existence of many hyperkeratotic, erosive papules and nodules, and the development of lesions may be associated with hyperproliferation and aberrant differentiation of keratinocytes. Keratin 17 (K17) is overexpressed selectively in human proliferative skin diseases, promoting keratinocyte proliferation not found in normal epidermis. In this study, we investigated the mRNA levels and protein levels of K17 in lesional and perilesional skin using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. We demonstrate that K17 is induced in lesional and perilesional skin in PN. The mRNA expression level of K17 was upregulated in PN lesions (P < 0.01), with multifold changes in the PN lesion (normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as the housekeeping gene) showing a median positive correlation with PRUNOSI (P < 0.05). The protein level of K17 was also markedly increased in PN lesions (P < 0.01). In conclusion, K17 is highly induced in PN lesions, which may contribute to the proliferation of keratinocytes and the pathogenesis of PN.
Exploring the effect of khat (Catha edulis) chewing on the pharmacokinetics of the antiplatelet drug clopidogrel in rats using the newly developed LC-MS/MS technique
Authors: Alhazmi Hassan A. , Kadi Adnan A. , Attwa Mohamed W. , Ahsan Waquar , Taha Manal Mohamed Elhassan , Khalid Asaad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClopidogrel (CLOP) is widely used worldwide for cardiovascular complications. CLOP is highly metabolized in the liver to its active metabolite by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Studies have shown that khat, an addictive substance, is a powerful inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzymes and can influence the metabolism of drugs that are concomitantly used. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of khat on the pharmacokinetics of CLOP in rats. In this study, rats were administered either CLOP alone or CLOP combined with khat and their plasma were obtained at different time intervals and analyzed using the newly developed and validated liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method using foretinib (FTB) as the internal standard. The corresponding peak area of the analyte versus FTB was used for calculating the peak ratio. The validated LC-MS/MS method resulted in the separation of the well-defined quantifiable peaks of CLOP, FTB, and CLOP metabolite within 7 min. Results showed a significant influence of khat on the peak ratio of CLOP metabolite, which was found to be significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in comparison to CLOP alone, suggesting significant decrease in the conversion of CLOP to its active metabolite due to the inhibition of CYP450 enzymes by khat. Therefore, there might be a need for dose adjustment for regular khat chewers using CLOP.
Enhancement of thermal properties of bio-based microcapsules intended for textile applications
Authors: Skurkytė-Papievienė Virginija , Abraitienė Aušra , Sankauskaitė Audronė , Rubežienė Vitalija , Dubinskaitė Kristina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe thermal properties of bio-based phase change material (PCM) microcapsules and their separate components, core and shell, were investigated considering the influence of used thermal enhancer. As a core, bio-based PCM, capric acid (CA), was used. Biodegradable material, such as polylactic acid (PLA), was used as a shell. To improve the thermal conductivity of PLA/CA microcapsules, the multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as a thermal enhancer. Composites of PCM with different concentrations of MWCNT as well as composites of PLA with these carbon compounds were prepared and investigated to assess how MWCNT influences the thermal conductivity of the core and the shell. The heat storage and release capacity, as well as the phase change temperatures of CA/MWCNT composites and manufactured PCM microcapsules, were determined using differential scanning calorimetry. To evaluate the thermal conductivity of prepared composites and to compare it with the conductivity of pure materials (without MWCNT), their thermal resistance was measured using the guarded-hotplate test method. To obtain the supplementary information and to assess the dynamic behavior of used PCM during the temperature changes, another technique, such as monitoring of a cold/hot plate with an IR camera, was used. The results of these measurements showed that introduced MWCNT increases the thermal conductivity of PCM used for the core and the conductivity of films prepared from PLA. Consequently, with reference to the results obtained, it could be stated that the introduction of MWCNT into PLA/CA microcapsules improved the thermal properties of these microcapsules. However, it was determined that too large concentration of MWCNT reduces an enthalpy of melting and crystallization of tested PCM and PCM microcapsules. Therefore, during the investigation, an optimal concentration of MWCNT additives has been determined.
Natural products isolated from Casimiroa
Authors: Tun Khun Nay Win , Aminah Nanik Siti , Kristanti Alfinda Novi , Aung Hnin Thanda , Takaya Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAbout 140 genera and more than 1,600 species belong to the Rutaceae family. They grow in temperate and tropical zones on both hemispheres, as trees, shrubs, and herbs.Casimiroais one of the genera constituting 13 species, most of which are found in tropical and subtropical regions. Many chemical constituents have been derived from this genus, including quinoline alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, andN-benzoyltyramide derivatives. This article reviews different studies carried out on aromatic compounds of genusCasimiroa; their biological activities; the different skeletons of coumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and others; and their characteristic NMR spectral data.
Flexibly tunable surface plasmon resonance by strong mode coupling using a random metal nanohemisphere on mirror
Authors: Okamoto Koichi , Okura Kota , Wang Pangpang , Ryuzaki Sou , Tamada Kaoru 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We propose a unique random metal nanohemisphere on mirror (NHoM) structure to tune the surface plasmon (SP) resonance in a flexible manner. The SP resonance peak was split into two peaks owing to the strong coupling between the SP mode in the metal nanohemisphere and the mirror image mode generated in the metal substrate. This phenomenon is based on the fact that the strong coupling and the induced electromagnetic effects are similar to those pertaining to the Rabi splitting, Fano resonance, and electromagnetically induced transparency, thus providing quantum effect analogies. These phenomena have recently attracted increased attention and have been studied with nanocavities fabricated with top-down nanotechnologies. Compared with previous reports, NHoM structures can be fabricated in a much easier manner and are tunable in rather wider wavelength regions without nanofabrication technologies. The SP resonance peaks were enhanced, sharpened dramatically, and tuned flexibly, based on the optimization of the thickness of the spacer layer between the metal hemisphere and metal substrate. Experimental results were reproduced and were explained based on finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations. These phenomena have never been observed previously on similar nanosphere on mirror (NSoM) because nanohemispherical structures were required. The NHoM nanocavity structure has a quality factor >200 that is surprisingly high for the localized SP mode of nanoparticles. Flexible tuning of the SP resonance with the use of NHoM is envisaged to lead to the development of new applications and technologies in the field of plasmonics and nanophotonics.
Transcriptome Analyses of Candida albicans Biofilms, Exposed to Arachidonic Acid and Fluconazole, Indicates Potential Drug Targets
Authors: Kuloyo Oluwasegun , Fourie Ruan , Cason Errol , Albertyn Jacobus , Pohl Carolina H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic yeast pathogen within the human microbiota with significant medical importance because of its pathogenic potential. The yeast produces highly resistant biofilms, which are crucial for maintaining infections. Though antifungals are available, their effectiveness is dwindling due to resistance. Alternate options that comprise the combination of existing azoles and polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid (AA), have been shown to increase azoles susceptibility of C. albicans biofilms; however, the mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, transcriptome analysis was conducted on biofilms exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of AA alone, fluconazole alone, and AA combined with fluconazole to understand the possible mechanism involved with the phenomenon. Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) analysis from the differentially expressed genes revealed that the combination of AA and fluconazole influences biological processes associated with essential processes including methionine synthesis and those involved in ATP generation, such as AMP biosynthesis, fumarate metabolism and fatty acid oxidation. These observations suggests that the interference of AA with these processes may be a possible mechanisms to induce increased antifungal susceptibility.
FURTHER ON KULKARNI’S AND RELATED UNIFIED METHODS FOR SOLVING GENERALPOLYNOMIAL EQUATIONS OF DEGREE LESS THAN FIVE
Authors: Okoli O.C. , Ababu T. Tiruneh , Eze A. C. 
Published: July 2020

For n ∈ a positive integer, let <mml:math display="block"><mml:msub><mml:mi>f</mml:mi><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mstyle
displaystyle="false"><mml:munderover><mml:mo>∑</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:munderover></mml:mstyle><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mi>j</mml:mi><mml:mo> </mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msup><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mi>j</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math>;
an ≠ 0; n < 5 be a general polynomial equation of degree less than five in one variable. Before now, we are unaware of any known unified method for solving fn(x) = 0 (n < 5) in radical until Kulkarni did so in 2006. However, it is
quite ironical and contradicting to observe (one among many other issues) that the method introduced by Kulkarni fails if n = 1 (since n = 1 satisfies n < 5) which is the case of general polynomial equation of degree one. It is the purpose of this paper to address this
issue and many more with an approach that is quite simple and novel.
Rupture Process of the 2019 Ridgecrest, California Mw 6.4 Foreshock and Mw 7.1 Earthquake Constrained by Seismic and Geodetic Data
Authors: Wang Kang , Dreger Douglas S. , Tinti Elisa , Bürgmann Roland , Taira Taka’aki 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence culminated in the largest seismic event in California since the 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine earthquake. Here, we combine geodetic and seismic data to study the rupture process of both the 4 July Mw 6.4 foreshock and the 6 July Mw 7.1 mainshock. The results show that the Mw 6.4 foreshock rupture started on a northwest-striking right-lateral fault, and then continued on a southwest-striking fault with mainly left-lateral slip. Although most moment release during the Mw 6.4 foreshock was along the southwest-striking fault, slip on the northwest-striking fault seems to have played a more important role in triggering the Mw 7.1 mainshock that happened ∼34  hr later. Rupture of the Mw 7.1 mainshock was characterized by dominantly right-lateral slip on a series of overall northwest-striking fault strands, including the one that had already been activated during the nucleation of the Mw 6.4 foreshock. The maximum slip of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake was ∼5  m, located at a depth range of 3–8 km near the Mw 7.1 epicenter, corresponding to a shallow slip deficit of ∼20%–30%. Both the foreshock and mainshock had a relatively low-rupture velocity of ∼2  km/s, which is possibly related to the geometric complexity and immaturity of the eastern California shear zone faults. The 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake produced significant stress perturbations on nearby fault networks, especially along the Garlock fault segment immediately southwest of the 2019 Ridgecrest rupture, in which the coulomb stress increase was up to ∼0.5  MPa. Despite the good coverage of both geodetic and seismic observations, published coseismic slip models of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence show large variations, which highlight the uncertainty of routinely performed earthquake rupture inversions and their interpretation for underlying rupture processes.
Smooth Acceleration Spectra for Pulse-Like Ground Motions
Authors: Li Cuihua , Xue Guofeng , Zuo Zhanxuan 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTIdealization of acceleration response spectra is the basis for construction of target spectra for seismic design and assessment of structures. The adequacy of current methods to reasonably idealize (or smooth) the acceleration spectra of pulse-like and nonpulse-like ground motions is examined in this study. The influence of separated pulses on different regions of acceleration response spectrum is first investigated using wavelet transform. One representative method is selected as the benchmark to examine the effectiveness of the Newmark–Hall-based methods to smooth the acceleration spectra of pulse-like and nonpulse-like ground motions. Presented are some important insights into why the plateau (or amplification factor) associated with the constant-acceleration branch may be underestimated and the ending cutoff period Tg be overestimated by Newmark–Hall-based methods. This study highlights the intrinsic characteristics and the importance of the constant-acceleration branch, based on which a two-step procedure is proposed to idealize the acceleration spectra. The results show that the proposed methodology can accurately identify the constant-acceleration branch regardless of the influence of pulses on the descending branch of acceleration spectra.
A study of forty eight patients with ilecoceacal mass presenting as intestinal obstruction requires surgical intervention and their outcome
Authors: Gupta Himanshu , Anand Sumikesh 
Published: July 2020

Background: Intestinal obstruction is defined as obstruction of the passage of the intestine for its contents. Successful conservative treatment may leave adhesions that could cause recurrence; on the other hand, surgery may be the source of new adhesions like any other abdominal surgery. Hence, the present study was undertaken for assessing the 48 patients with ilecoceacal mass presenting as intestinal obstruction requires surgical intervention and their outcome.Methods: Of a total of 48 patients with ilecoceacal masses who presented with intestinal obstruction and underwent surgical intervention for the same. Surgical management outcome was classified as “favorable” or “unfavorable” outcome according to the retrospective secondary data extracted from their medical records. Unfavorable outcome was considered if the patient died or has one or more postoperative complications. Favorable outcome was considered if the patient was discharged alive and does not have any history of postoperative complications.Results: Abdominal pain, abdominal distension, vomiting and failure to pass faeces were the prominent presenting symptoms among intestinal obstruction patients. Favourable outcome was seen in 76 percent of the patients while unfavourable outcome was seen in 24 percent of the patients. Mortality occurred in 6 patients. Prolonged ileus was found to be present in 1 patient. Failure to wean from ventilator for more than 48 hours was seen in 2 patients. Conclusions: Surgical management had high efficacy of more than 75 percent in managing patients with intestinal obstructions. With precise technique and adequate care, complication rate can be reduced.