bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation and integrative modelling of xenobiotics discharged from urban drainage systems
Authors: Reinstorf F. , Möder M. , Osenbrück K. , Schirmer K. , Strauch G. , Wennrich R. , Schirmer M. 
Published: March 2020

The urban aquatic environment is increasingly polluted by low concentrated but potentially harmful compounds such as pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors - so-called xenobiotics. These substances are mainly carried by waste water. Up to now information with regard to their impact on the urban ecosystem and human health exist for only few of them. Within an interdisciplinary project on risk assessment of water pollution, we work on the identification of the fluxes of these substances.
In a first step, we used a runoff formation model representing the city of Halle (Germany) and the Saale river. The Saale river acts as surface water system collecting slope inputs along the city traverse and sewer outflows. We investigated the anthropogenic effect on the urban water system using indicators such as hydrological parameters, selected complex organic substances, isotopic signatures and dissolved substances (sulphate, nitrate).
A first balance modelling showed that main ions are not very sensitive concerning the diffuse urban input into the river. However, the concentration pattern of fragrances (tonalid, galaxolid), rare earth elements (gadolinium) and endocrine disrupters (t-nonylphenol) point to a different pollution along the city traverse: downstream of the sewage plant a higher load was observed in comparison to the upstream passage. Various substance concentrations in groundwater along the city traverse showed increasing trends.
Development and Validation of a 3-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Model for Rectangular Settling Tanks in New York City Water Pollution Control Plants
Authors: Ramalingam K. , Fillos J. , Xanthos S. , Gong M. , Deur A. , Beckmann K. 
Published: March 2020

New York City provides secondary treatment to approximately 78.6 m3/s among its 14 water pollution control plants (WPCPs). The process of choice has been step-feed activated sludge. Changes to the permit limits require nitrogen removal in WPCPs discharging into the Long Island Sound. The City has selected step feed biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process to upgrade the affected plants.
Step feed BNR requires increasing the concentration of mixed liquors, (MLSS), which stresses the Gould II type rectangular final settling tanks (FSTs). To assess performance and evaluate alternatives to improve efficiency of the FSTs at the higher loads, New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP) and City College of New York (CCNY) have developed a three-dimensional computer model depicting the actual structural configuration of the tanks and the current and proposed hydraulic and solids loading rates. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Model, Fluent 6.3.26TM as the base platform, sub-models of the SS settling characteristics as well as turbulence, flocculation, etc. were incorporated. This was supplemented by field and bench scale experiments to quantify the co-efficients integral to the sub-models. As a result, a three-dimensional model has been developed that is being used to consider different baffle arrangements, sludge withdrawal mechanisms and loading alternatives to the FSTs.
The Association between Reported Dental Pain Symptoms and Increased BMI in Indonesia: Evidence From The Indonesian Family Life Survey
Authors: Maulina Tantry , Rachmi Cut Novianti 
Published: March 2020

Background:Overweight/obesity remains one of the most important health issues. Not only due to the current health consequences but also because of its long-term effect. One of the most common health problems experienced by an individual with overweight/obesity is dental problem, which can be reflected from dental pain being complained.Objective:The objective of the current study was to evaluate the association of overweight/obesity to be the predictor of the occurrence of dental pain.Methods:Data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) from five consecutive survey waves (1993, 1997, 2000, 2007 and 2014) that involved more than 30.000 participants and their offsprings that were grouped into three different age categories (0-4.9 years old; 5-19.9 years old; and 20-49.9 years old) were gathered and analyzed for Odds Ratio (OR) and Confidence Interval (CI). Trends of childhood overweight/obesity, the occurrence of dental pain, as well as the likelihood of individuals with childhood overweight/obesity to develop dental pain were analyzed by using STATA Data Analysis and Statistical Software version 13.Results:The results of the current study revealed that all age groups exhibited an increase in numbers when it comes to the prevalence of overweight/obesity from the first wave (in 1993) up to the latest wave (in 2014). It was also revealed that those who were in the 0-4.9 years old age group, were those who were more likely to develop dental pain (OR:1.12; 95% CI: 0.84-1.5; p:0.44).Conclusion:Despite the wave to wave variation, overweight/obesity has the potential to be associated with future dental problems, with dental pain in particular.
Dynamics of Psychological Status and Quality of Life Indicators in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Chronic Gastritis Before and After the Treatment
Authors: Sirchak Yelizaveta , Patskun Silviya 
Published: March 2020

Depression increases the risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 development and the subsequent risks of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, micro- and macro-vascular complications. The association between depression and diabetes mellitus type 2 may include autonomic and neurohormonal dysregulation, weight gain, inflammation, and structural changes in the hippocampus.
Objective of the work. To evaluate the psychological status and quality of life indicators in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and chronic gastritis before and after the treatment with the use of medicine Magnicum-Antistress.
Materials and methods. Based on the Endocrinology Department of the Transcarpathia Regional Clinical hospital named after A.Novak there were examined 40 patients, whose average age was to 53.7±4.1 years. All patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and chronic gastritis were assessed for quality of life, psychological status, and stress levels using questionnaires, namely using the SF-36, “PSM-25 Psychological Stress Scale methodology”, Holmes and Rahe stress test. After the survey, all patients were treated with Magnicum-Antistress medicine on the background of pathogenetic treatment.
Results. Thus, after the course of treatment during 1 month, the level of stress decreased, so in the male patients the high level of stress was observed in 58.3% of patients, and among female patients – 35.8%. Also, the level of stress-resistance increased, so in male patients, the low stress-resistance level was observed in 66.7% of patients, and among female patients – 25%. After the course of treatment according to the Quality of Life Assessment Scale (SF-36), patients showed a positive tendency in the indicators of the psychological and physical health components.
Conclusions. The level of chronic stress in patients with DM type 2 and CG is mostly high (52.5%). The level of stress-resistance in the vast majority of patients with DM type 2 and CG is low (52.5%). Complex therapy with the use of the medicine Magnicum-Antistress in patients with DM type 2 and CG is pathogenetically justified, and also leads to an improvement in the quality of life and stress-resistance in these patients.
Dynamics of Indicators of Psychoemotional Condition in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis and Atherosclerosis on the Background of Intestinal Dysbiosis Correction
Authors: Sirchak Yelizaveta , Opalenyk Svitlana 
Published: March 2020

The article describes and analyzes the psycho-emotional state indicators in patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis and atherosclerosis against the complex therapy background with the use of probiotics and melatonin. All patients were performed clinical-laboratory studies: lipid profile study (determination of total blood plasma cholesterol (LC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), atherogenicity coefficient (CA)); feces research on dysbiosis. The alcoholic etiology of chronic pancreatitis was determined based on anamnestic data and using the AUDIT screening test. The dynamics of psycho-emotional disorders were studied using the HADS questionnaire and the “Emotional Condition Screening” technique. The emotional state screening was used to evaluate the subjects’ emotional state to identify critically (subclinical and pathological) abnormalities such as hypomania, somatoform, depressive, anxiety states and the tendency to abuse psychoactive substances. The intestinal dysbiosis degree was evaluated according to the classification of Kuvaeva IB, Ladodo KS. (1991).
The improvement in the colon microflora was observed in all patients who received Mucofalk and melatonin additionally to the complex treatment of chronic pancreatitis and atherosclerosis. Decrease in the subclinical and clinical manifestations of anxiety and depression according to the HADS questionnaire in these patients (subclinical and clinical manifestations of anxiety from 72.1% to 38.7%; subclinical and clinical manifestations of depression from 65.9% to 36.3 %) was observed after the treatment. According to the Emotional Condition Screening technique, there was a decrease in the level of pre-clinical and clinical emotional state disorders (hypomania and somatoform disorders; depressive and anxiety states; tendency to abuse psychoactive substances). At the same time, there was an increase in the frequency of emotional state critical indicators on the background of a decrease in the emotional disorders’ frequency in general, which we also regarded as some positive dynamics in such patients.
CATANOVA Analysis of Knowledge and Control Practices of Hepatitis B Virus Infection amongst Tertiary University Students
Authors: Paul Otaru Olawole , Prisilia Ogbonda N. 
Published: March 2020

Frequency data, having no underlying metric, are frequently encountered in real-life situations. The analysis of such data is usually difficult as nominal data are inherently less informative than quantitative data and decisions are taken erroneously using such results.
The objective of the research was to study the significant effect of gender, faculties and interaction using categorical data in a two-way cross classification.
Materials and Methods. The study applied a cross sectional study with a total sample size of 434. Multistage sampling was adopted. Categorical analysis of variance (CATANOVA) technique was used for analysis. This is suitable as it uses a two-way ANOVA with quantal responses as equivalent of a three-way contingency table in which one of the classifications is treated as responses to the other two. The study considered frequency data involving response scores of students using a scale of good, fair and poor.
Results. Numerical results revealed poor level of student’s knowledge and control practices of hepatitis B virus infection. And it is significantly (p>0.05) the same in the study Universities. Moreover, gender and faculties, as well as interaction have no significant (p>0.05) effect on student’s knowledge and control practices of hepatitis B virus infection.
Clinical and Pathogenetic Causes of Developing Complications in Multiple Pregnancy
Authors: Nikitina Iryna , Boiko Volodymyr , Babar Tetiana , Kalashnik Natalia , Ikonopistseva Nataliia , Boiko Alesia , Bolotna Maryna 
Published: March 2020

To assess the role of the placental growth factor in the development of gestational complications during multiple pregnancy, there was conducted a study of this indicator in serum of 320 pregnant women with multiple pregnancy in the first trimester and 40 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy (the control group).
The objective of the research was to study the effect of placental growth factors on the gestational process in multiple pregnancy.
Materials and Methods. There was conducted a prospective study of pregnancy and childbirth in 320 females with multiple pregnancy (the main group) and 40 healthy women with singleton pregnancy. The level of serum placental growth factor was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies in the first trimester of pregnancy. The indicators of the hemostasis system (vascular, platelet and coagulation components) were evaluated according to generally accepted methods. Doppler ultrasound of the placental and fetal blood flow was performed in the uterine arteries, the umbilical artery and vein, the fetal middle cerebral artery.
Results. Women with multiple pregnancy were at high risk of developing gestational complications such as preterm deliveries (67.8%, p<0.01), placental dysfunction, pre-eclampsia (17.5%, p<0.05). The disorders of the vascular platelet and coagulation hemostasis in the first trimester of pregnancy were the main risk factors for early termination of pregnancy. Low level of serum placental growth factor in pregnant women with multiple pregnancy in case of preterm delivery, placental dysfunction and pre-eclampsia (111.23 ± 8.4, 203.24 ± 6.4 and 305.86 ± 7.4 pg/ml), in comparison with the corresponding indicators in singleton pregnancy (418.2 ± 10.4 pg/ml), was proven to be a prognostic marker for the development of gestational complications.
Conclusions. Timely correction of gestational complications in multiple pregnancy with micronized progesterone, low molecular weight heparins, angio-protective agents allowed us to prolong pregnancy with monochorionic placentation type for 3.2 weeks (up to 34.2 ± 2.4 weeks) and provide full-time delivery of dichorionic twin pregnancy.
Efficacy of Functional Foods, Beverages, and Supplements Claiming to Alleviate Air Travel Symptoms: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Chan Virginia , Allman-Farinelli Margaret 
Published: March 2020

Background
Airline passengers often experience symptoms when travelling on long and ultra-long flights. These range from minor discomforts such as gastrointestinal symptoms to more serious life-threatening clinical conditions such as deep vein thrombosis. The food and supplement industry have responded with a plethora of products that claim to prevent one or more of the physiological or psychological symptoms associated with air travel.

Objective
The aim of this literature review is to evaluate the efficacy of functional foods, beverages, and supplements that claim to address the unwanted effects of air travel in healthy adult populations.

Methods
This research is a two-stage process. The first step is a scoping review of the functional foods, beverages, and supplements making claims that they lessen or prevent the physical or psychological symptoms associated with commercial air travel. Databases (ie, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science), gray literature (ie, the flight catering magazines PAX International, APEX, and Onboard Hospitality), and search engines (ie, Google and Bing) will be used to identify products and generate a database. The second stage is a systematic literature review of the evidence supporting any health claims made for such products. The search will be conducted in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Additionally, gray literature that includes the reference list of studies included in the systematic literature review and scientific articles referenced by the products within our database will be hand searched. Randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials reporting on changes in flight-related physical or cognitive symptoms in healthy adults that were conducted in commercial flight or flight simulation settings will be included. Two authors will independently screen, extract data, and assess the strength of evidence and risk of bias of the studies. The strength of evidence will be judged using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessments, Developments, and Evaluations approach, and the risk of bias will be assessed using the appropriate Cochrane Collaboration tool (Risk of Bias for Randomized Control Trials II or Robins I for Nonrandomized Interventions).

Results
The scoping review of available functional foods, beverages, and supplements was conducted from March 6, 2019, to August 31, 2019. The systematic literature review commenced on October 1, 2019. The review is expected to be completed in 2020.

Conclusions
The review findings will help consumers and employees of commercial airlines make informed decisions on their use of functional foods and beverages for alleviating air travel–related symptoms.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/16155
An International Survey of Pediatric and Neonatal Clinician’s Vascular Access Practice: PediSIG Assessment of Vascular Access, Education, and Support (PAVES)
Authors: Hovda Davis Mary Beth , Takashima Mari , Girgenti Constance , Ullman Amanda J. 
Published: March 2020

Highlights

Abstract
Background: Despite evidence to support best practice in neonatal and pediatric venipuncture delivery and procedural support, there are inconsistencies in practice. To inform future research, education, and workforce innovation, the Association for Vascular Access Pediatric Special Interest Group (PediSIG) developed and undertook a survey to describe the current vascular access practice for clinicians caring for neonatal and pediatric patients.
Objective: Describe the current state of workforce models, training, and clinical practices surrounding pediatric and neonatal vascular access.
Design: Cross-sectional, electronic survey using convenience sampling.
Settings: International clinicians who provide vascular access (peripheral intravenous catheter insertion, venipuncture for blood sampling) for neonatal and pediatric patients.
Methods: An electronic survey was developed by the PediSIG. The survey covered workforce models, clinician training and competency, pain relief, procedural support, and device securement. The electronic survey was then distributed to the PediSIG membership and shared among several neonatal/pediatric email lists. Data were analyzed descriptively, with an exploration of association between clinical outcomes, workforce, and training. Results: There were 242 responses from 5 countries showing a wide variance of practice. Workforce models showed many different team names and responsibilities along with a variance of personnel and staffing hours. Clinician training was described as 4 hours or less by 44% (n = 69) of respondents. Less than half of the responses (47%; n = 99) reported having a formal procedure to escalate a patient to an expert care and not having a set number of max attempts before escalation. Only two-thirds (n = 115) of respondents said they had a standardized protocol for pain control and procedural support, with only 13% (n = 23) and 15% (n = 27), respectively, self-reporting that they always followed the protocol.
Conclusions: The respondents reported a wide variance in neonatal and pediatric vascular access procedures and the resources used to support this practice. Core standards need to be developed to help guide neonatal and pediatric clinicians and their institutions. The standards should encompass recommendations for workforce models, proper training, competency, insertion guidelines, pain control, procedural support, and access to vascular access specialists to provide the best care for every neonate and child.
Assessment of Peroxide in Saliva During and After At-home Bleaching With 10% Carbamide and Hydrogen Peroxide Gels: A Clinical Crossover Trial
Authors: Mailart MC , Sakassegawa PA , Torres CRG , Palo RM , Borges AB 
Published: March 2020

Clinical Relevance
This study suggests that at-home bleaching systems are safe in relation to toxicity based on peroxide levels in saliva since the amount of peroxide potentially ingested is much lower than the estimated toxic dose.

SUMMARY

Objectives:
This study evaluated the presence of peroxide in saliva using at-home bleaching systems containing hydrogen peroxide (HP) and carbamide peroxide (CP) with a prefilled tray (PT) or conventional tray (CT).

Methods and Materials:
Participants received bleaching treatments after the sequence randomization (n=10): PT-HP/OpalescenceGo10%; CT-HP/WhiteClass10%; and CT-CP/OpalescencePF10%. Saliva was collected at the following times: baseline; at 1, 5, 15, and 30 minutes after administration; and at 3, 5, and 8 minutes after the tray was removed. Colorimetric analysis using analytic spectrophotometry was performed. The salivary flow (SF) was monitored during use of trays. Data about peroxide concentration (PC) were submitted to repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey tests (5%), and toxic dose was calculated based on body weight. The relation between SF and PC was verified with the Pearson correlation test.

Results:
There was a significant difference for bleaching (p=0.0001) and time (p=0.0003) but not for interaction (p=0.3121). PC was lower for CT-CP in relation to PT-HP and CT-HP. After tray removal, expectoration, of the remaining gel, and mouth rinsing, no peroxide was detected in saliva. Correlation between SF and PC was considered weak (r=0.3379). The overall mean SF was 50.44% during tray use. In general, PC in saliva was 68.72% lower than the estimated toxic dose (0.26 mg/kg/day) considering all the bleaching systems.

Conclusions:
Higher peroxide levels were detected in saliva with 10% HP gels. Nevertheless, they were below estimated toxic dose and were considered safe in relation to toxicity.
Rolling Resistance Evaluation of Winter Tires on In-Service Road Surfaces
Authors: Vieira Tiago , Sandberg Ulf , Erlingsson Sigurdur 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Rolling resistance, the energy dissipated due to the rolling movement of a pneumatic tire over a surface, is a relevant factor that should be considered when aiming at a more energy efficient road infrastructure as well as for reducing CO2 emissions. The energy dissipation, as a result mainly of hysteretic losses, is dependent on the tire, the road surface, and the operating temperature, among other factors. In this study, 50 different tires of five different types—all-season tires, summer tires, winter tires without studs, winter tires with studs, and winter tires with hard particles—were evaluated with respect to rolling resistance on two different road surfaces, at three different test speeds and different states of tire wear. In addition to the full-scale field tests, a drum facility was used to evaluate rolling resistance of the same tires in a more controlled environment. This resulted in more than 500 measurements that were analyzed in this paper. Previously, no data regarding rolling resistance of studded winter tires had been published, and there have been very few studies comparing measurements on drums with measurements on road pavements. In the field, rolling resistance was significantly depending on tire type, and many tested tires performed differently on the two surfaces. No significant correlation was found between labeled tire values and rolling resistance measured on roads, or between rolling resistance measured on roads and on a drum facility. Better correlations were found between labeled tire values and our own drum results. This calls for a review of the relevance of the energy labeling procedure.