bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact 2–18 GHz on‐chip balun based on centrosymmetric spiral transformers
Authors: Li Yao , Zhu Xiao‐Wei , Tian Ling , Liu Rui‐Jia 
Published: December 2019

A novel broadband balun based on centrosymmetric spiral transformers is proposed. Two parallel circular spiral transformers comprise the proposed balun, which is different from the Marchand structure. The equivalent coupled line model demonstrates that asymmetric structure is helpful to realise the appropriate balun with good amplitude balance and low return loss. Finally, combined with the structural characteristics of the spiral transformer in monolithic microwave integrated circuit designs, a centrosymmetric structure with compact size is adopted. The balun is designed and fabricated in WIN's IP2M process and its core size occupies an area of . The simulation and measurement agree well, exhibiting a bandwidth covering from 2 to 18 GHz with good return loss, flat insertion loss and high stability of 180° phase difference.
Systematics and accuracy of VLBI astrometry: A comparison with Gaia Data Release 2
Authors: Liu N. , Lambert S. B. , Zhu Z. , Liu J.-C. 
Published: December 2019

Context. The third generation of the ICRF – ICRF3 – was published in 2018. This new fundamental catalog provides radio source positions measured independently at three bands: S/X, K, and X/Ka, representing three independent radio celestial frames which altogether constitute a multi-frequency ICRF.
Aims. We aim to investigate the overall properties of the ICRF3 with the help of the Gaia Data Release 2 (Gaia DR2). This could serve as an external check of the quality of the ICRF3.
Methods. The radio source positions of the ICRF3 catalog were compared with the Gaia DR2 positions of their optical counterparts at G <  18.7. Their properties were analyzed in terms of the dependency of the quoted error on the number of observations, on the declination, and the global difference, the latter revealed by means of expansions in the vector spherical harmonics.
Results. The ICRF3 S/X-band catalog shows a more smooth dependency on the number of observations than the ICRF1 and ICRF2, while the K and X/Ka-band yield a dependency discrepancy at the number of observations of ∼50. The rotation of all ICRF catalogs show consistent results, except for the X-component of the X/Ka-band which arises from the positional error in the non-defining sources. No significant glides were found between the ICRF3 S/X-band component and Gaia DR2. However, the K- and X/Ka-band frames show a dipolar deformation in Y-component of +50 μas and several quadrupolar terms of 50 μas in an absolute sense. A significant glide along Z-axis exceeding 200 μas in the X/Ka-band was also reported. These systematics in the ICRF catalog are shown to be less dependent on the limiting magnitude of the Gaia sample when the number of common sources is sufficient (>100).
Conclusions. The ICRF3 S/X-band catalog shows improved accuracy and systematics at the level of noise floor. But the zonal errors in the X/Ka-band should be noted, especially in the context of comparisons of multi-frequency positions for individual sources.
Autophagie et spermatozoïde
Authors: Buschiazzo Antoine , Yefimova Marina , Bourmeyster Nicolas , Fautrel Alain , Burel Agnès , Neyroud Anne-Sophie , Pimentel Céline , Jaillard Sylvie , Jégou Bernard , Ravel Célia 
Published: December 2019

La spermiogenèse, étape ultime de la spermatogenèse, est un processus qui fait intervenir des acteurs qui participe à l’autophagie. C’est en effet lors de cette étape que se forme l’acrosome par fusion vésiculaire et que disparaît la majeure partie du cytoplasme du spermatozoïde. L’autophagie (littéralement « se manger soi-même »), en permettant l’élimination et le remplacement continuel des protéines et des organites non fonctionnels, assure le recyclage des constituants de la cellule. C’est un mécanisme cellulaire très conservé au sein des cellules eucaryotes. La machinerie de l’autophagie est également présente dans les spermatozoïdes. Elle régule la vitalité de ces cellules et leur mobilité. Les conséquences environnementales et comportementales sur l’autophagie et sur la spermatogenèse commencent à être étudiées. Le but de cette revue est de synthétiser les connaissances actuelles concernant les processus d’autophagie dans le gamète mâle mature.
Maurice Raynaud (1834–1881) und das Mysterium „Raynaud-Phänomen“
Authors: Koehler Ulrich , Portig Irene , Hildebrandt Olaf , Koehler Niklas Alexander 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMaurice Raynaud first described color changes and symptoms of the fingers due to cold-induced vasospasm and restricted blood flow in his medical school thesis in 1862. Raynaud’s phenomenon is common and exists as an uncomplicated primary Raynaud phenomenon and a Raynaud phenomenon secondary to underlying diseases and medication. Mechanisms contributing to altered vasoconstrictor activity are endothelial and not-endothelial. Cold-induced vasospasm is probably a thermoregulatory problem and effects are mediated by sympathetic activity and selective stimulation of alpha2c-adrenoreceptors.
Leib- und Seelenärzte Karrieren und Komplikationen von König David bis heute
Authors: Förstl Hans 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCourt physicians need to deal with a clientele posing particular personality problems (e. g. rex inutilis) in a difficult environment characterized by specific health issues (morbi aulici) and they may have to avoid serious risks or want to seek great opportunities (medicus politicus). Very few have been successful as King David, a former music therapist without a medical degree, or the dentist and president Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow. Several became victims of fatal circumstances. Not all could resist temptation of questionable literary fame at the expense of confidentiality. All told, a career close to high profile leaders needs to be considered carefully as risks may outweigh benefits.
Genetische Ursachen von Epilepsien
Authors: Wolking Stefan , Lerche Holger 
Published: December 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Erkenntnisse über genetische Ursachen von Epilepsien haben in den vergangenen Jahren rasant zugenommen. Neben epileptischen Enzephalopathien stehen mittlerweile die genetischen generalisierten sowie die nicht läsionellen fokalen Epilepsien stärker im Fokus. An die genetische Ursache angepasste Behandlungswege im Sinne der ‚Precision Medicine‘ eröffnen zunehmend individualisierte Therapieoptionen. Die Pharmakogenetik könnte zudem die Vorhersage von Therapieansprechen bzw. Nebenwirkungen unterstützen und somit die Therapiesicherheit erhöhen. Genetische Diagnostik ist für eine zunehmende Anzahl von Epilepsiepatienten sinnvoll und wird weiter an Bedeutung zunehmen.
Fetomaternal Hemorrhage: Can We Use Hemoglobin Electrophoresis as a
Diagnostic Tool?
Authors: Stanic Zana , Stanisic Lada , Fureš Rajko , Persec Zoran , Dapic Kresimir , Hrgovic Zlatko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) is usually detected by either the Kleihauer-Betke
(KB) test or by 2 cytometry, the latter of which represents the gold standard of
FMH diagnosis today. But what do we do when neither method is available? We
present two cases of suspected FMH due to their characteristic signs and
symptoms that were ultimately confirmed by hemoglobin electrophoresis (HE).
Update on Ocular Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: O'Hare Meabh , Doughty Christopher 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMyasthenia gravis is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disorder of the post-synaptic neuromuscular junction resulting in fluctuating, fatigable weakness. Most patients first present with extraocular symptoms (diplopia and/or ptosis), and in 15% of cases symptoms will remain restricted to only the extraocular muscles (ocular myasthenia gravis [OMG]). The history and clinical examination are of the utmost importance in correctly identifying OMG patients, as supportive serologic or electrodiagnostic studies are frequently nondiagnostic. In this review, we outline a diagnostic approach to OMG (focusing on key clinical features), discuss therapeutic options, and highlight recent developments in the understanding of OMG.
Role of Kisspeptin and NKB in Puberty in Nonhuman Primates: Sex Differences
Authors: Garcia James P. , Keen Kim L. , Seminara Stephanie B. , Terasawa Ei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo understand the roles of kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) in puberty and sex differences in their involvement, we conducted a series of experiments measuring the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and kisspeptin in the median eminence of the hypothalamus in male and female monkeys throughout sexual development. Results indicate that kisspeptin-10 and the NKB agonist, senktide, stimulated GnRH release in males and females at the prepubertal and pubertal stages, but females are much more sensitive to kisspeptin signaling than males. Moreover, throughout the progress of puberty, major remodeling of kisspeptin and NKB signaling pathways for the regulation of GnRH release takes place. In females during puberty, reciprocal pathways (i.e., kisspeptin signaling mediated through NKB neurons and NKB signaling mediated through kisspeptin neurons) are established, to provide powerful and flexible mechanisms for GnRH neurosecretory activity necessary for complex female reproductive function in adulthood. By contrast, during puberty in males, reciprocal pathways are consolidated to a simpler kisspeptin-dominant signaling pathway. Nevertheless, in primates, both kisspeptin and NKB signaling are contributing factors for the pubertal increase in GnRH release, rather than initiating puberty.
The Role of Kisspeptin in Sexual Behavior
Authors: Hellier Vincent , Brock Olivier , Bakker Julie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSexual behavior is essential for the perpetuation of a species. In female rodents, mate preference and lordosis behavior depend heavily on the integration of olfactory cues into the neuroendocrine brain, yet its underlying neural circuits are not well understood. We previously revealed that kisspeptin neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus/periventricular nucleus continuum (AVPv/PeN) are activated by male olfactory cues in female mice. Here, we further reveal that male-directed mate preferences and lordosis are impaired in kisspeptin knockout mice but are rescued by a single injection with kisspeptin. Acute ablation of AVPV/PeN kisspeptin neurons in adult females impaired mate preference and lordosis behavior. Conversely, optogenetic activation of these neurons triggered lordosis behavior. Kisspeptin neurons act through classical GPR54/GnRH signaling in stimulating mate preferences, but unexpectedly, GPR54/GnRH neuronal ablation did not affect lordosis behavior. Therefore, to identify the downstream components of the neural circuit involved in lordosis behavior, we employed genetic transsynaptic tracing in combination with viral tract tracing from AVPV/PeN kisspeptin neurons. We observed that kisspeptin neurons are communicating with neurons expressing the neuronal form of nitric oxide synthase. These results suggest that hypothalamic nitric oxide signaling is an important mechanism downstream of kisspeptin neurons in the neural circuit governing lordosis behavior in female mice.
Optimal boundary control of nonlinear-viscous fluid flows
Authors: Baranovskii E. S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The optimal control problem for a stationary model of a nonlinear-viscous incompressible fluid flowing through a bounded domain is considered under the wall slip condition. As a control parameter, the dynamic pressure at the in-flow and out-flow parts of the boundary is used. Using methods of the theory of pseudomonotone mappings, the existence of a weak solution (a velocity–dynamic pressure pair) minimizing a given cost functional is proved. The behaviour of solutions and optimal values of the cost functional are studied when the set of admissible controls varies. In particular, it is shown that the marginal function of this control system is lower semicontinuous.
Bibliography: 23 titles.
Perineuronal nets protect long-term memory by limiting activity-dependent inhibition from parvalbumin interneurons
Authors: Shi Wei , Wei Xiangbo , Wang Xiaofei , Du Shuwen , Liu Weixuan , Song Jian , Wang Yun 
Published: December 2019

Significance
This study reveals the roles of PV interneurons surrounding perineuronal nets (PNNs) in both the hippocampus and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in contextual fear memory. We show that increasing PNN expression in these 2 brain structures enhances the recall and reconsolidation of both recent and remote fear memory, corresponding to the enhancement of GABA-related theta oscillations. Conversely, removal of PNNs impairs consolidation and reconsolidation of both recent and remote fear memory via increased feedback inhibition and impairment of theta oscillations. Together, our results suggest that PNNs in the hippocampus and ACC affect behavioral plasticity during the consolidation and reconsolidation of contextual fear memory by regulating feedback inhibition of PV interneurons.
Precise timing is ubiquitous, consistent, and coordinated across a comprehensive, spike-resolved flight motor program
Authors: Putney Joy , Conn Rachel , Sponberg Simon 
Published: December 2019

Significance
Brains can encode precise sensory stimuli, and specific motor systems also appear to be precise, but how important are millisecond changes in timing of neural spikes across the whole motor program for a behavior? We record nearly every spike that the hawk moth’s nervous system sends to its wing muscles. We show that all muscles convey the majority of their information in spike timing. The number of spikes does play a role, but not in a coordinated way across muscles. Instead, all coordination is done using the millisecond timing of spikes. The importance and prevalence of timing across the motor program pose questions for how nervous systems create precise, coordinated motor commands.
Stress-induced modulation of endocannabinoid signaling leads to delayed strengthening of synaptic connectivity in the amygdala
Authors: Yasmin Farhana , Colangeli Roberto , Morena Maria , Filipski Sarah , van der Stelt Mario , Pittman Quentin J. , Hillard Cecilia J. , Teskey G. Campbell , McEwen Bruce S. , Hill Matthew N. , Chattarji Sumantra 
Published: December 2019

Significance
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition triggered by a brief traumatic event causing delayed and prolonged changes in emotional behaviors that are accompanied by amygdalar hyperactivity. Understanding of the underlying neuronal mechanisms during stress that eventually culminate in its delayed impact on the amygdala is limited. We found that oral administration, only during a brief stressor, of a pharmacological compound that elevates the levels of an endogenous ligand of cannabinoid receptors prevented both the immediate and delayed impact of acute stress on synaptic excitability in the amygdala of rats. This offers insights into potential therapeutic strategies for targeting endocannabinoid signaling to prevent the gradual development of affective symptoms and underlying amygdalar dysfunction triggered by traumatic stress.
A dual role for peripheral GDNF signaling in nociception and cardiovascular reflexes in the mouse
Authors: Queme Luis F. , Weyler Alex A. , Cohen Elysia R. , Hudgins Renita C. , Jankowski Michael P. 
Published: December 2019

Significance
This work shows that increased muscle-derived glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) acting through its receptor GDNF family receptor α1 on primary group III/IV muscle afferents modulates both nociception and the cardiovascular response to exercise. Importantly, unilateral ischemic muscle injuries not only produce pain-related behaviors in the affected limb, but they also affect sympathetic reflexes systemically. This dual function of primary muscle afferents under ischemic conditions potentially explains why patients with disorders such as sickle cell anemia or peripheral vascular disease concurrently report pain and altered exercise pressor reflexes. Results further highlight the potential use of localized anti-GDNF antibodies as a therapeutic option for these clinical conditions.
How tissue fluidity influences brain tumor progression
Authors: Streitberger Kaspar-Josche , Lilaj Ledia , Schrank Felix , Braun Jürgen , Hoffmann Karl-Titus , Reiss-Zimmermann Martin , Käs Josef A. , Sack Ingolf 
Published: December 2019

Significance
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults, with one of the most dismal prognoses of all cancers. Yet, the reason why GBM grows so fast and aggressively is not understood. Our study provides an intriguingly simple explanation for the infiltrative behavior of GBM by looking at fluidity—a material property that quantifies the viscous behavior of biological tissues measured in vivo by magnetic resonance elastography. We show that fluidity of neurotumors is anomalous in that it decreases as water content increases, enabling GBM to infiltratively finger into normal surrounding brain matter. Fluidity might thus become an important target for cancer research and opens horizons for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Inhibition of ULK1 and Beclin1 by an α-herpesvirus Akt-like Ser/Thr kinase limits autophagy to stimulate virus replication
Authors: Rubio Rosa M. , Mohr Ian 
Published: December 2019

Significance
As a catabolic program that maintains homeostasis during adversity, autophagy is an immune defense restricting pathogenesis of viruses, including HSV-1. While HSV-1 ICP34.5 interferes with host Beclin1 to suppress autophagy and support virus replication in neurons, whether autophagy is a cell type-specific antiviral response or broadly limits HSV-1 replication in nonneuronal cells is unknown. We show that the HSV-1 Us3 Ser/Thr kinase antagonizes autophagy in nonneuronal cells. Phosphorylation of autophagy regulators ULK1 and Beclin1 was Us3 dependent and Beclin1 was identified as a direct Us3 substrate. Finally, replication of Us3-deficient HSV-1 was enhanced by depleting ULK1 and Beclin1. This establishes that autophagy limits HSV-1 replication in nonneuronal cells and reveals a new function for the Us3 kinase encoded by α-herpesviruses.
The emergence of classical BSE from atypical/Nor98 scrapie
Authors: Huor Alvina , Espinosa Juan Carlos , Vidal Enric , Cassard Hervé , Douet Jean-Yves , Lugan Séverine , Aron Naima , Marín-Moreno Alba , Lorenzo Patricia , Aguilar-Calvo Patricia , Badiola Juan , Bolea Rosa , Pumarola Martí , Benestad Sylvie L. , Orge Leonore , Thackray Alana M. , Bujdoso Raymond , Torres Juan-Maria , Andreoletti Olivier 
Published: December 2019

Significance
The origin of transmissible BSE in cattle remains unestablished. Sheep scrapie is a potential source of this known zoonotic. Here we investigated the capacity of sheep scrapie to propagate in bovine PrP transgenic mice. Unexpectedly, transmission of atypical but not classical scrapie in bovine PrP mice resulted in propagation of classical BSE prions. Detection of prion seeding activity by in vitro protein misfolding cyclic amplification demonstrated BSE prions in the original atypical scrapie isolates. BSE prion seeding activity was also detected in ovine PrP mice inoculated with limiting dilutions of atypical scrapie. Our data demonstrate that classical BSE prions can emerge during intra- and interspecies passage of atypical scrapie and provide an unprecedented insight into the evolution of mammalian prions.
Chronotopic (non)modernity in translocal mobile messaging among Chinese migrants in the UK
Authors: Lyons Agnieszka , Tagg Caroline , Hu Rachel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Migration is often seen as crossing both space and time, from the traditional past to the modern present, while
leading to perceived changes in migrants themselves. This article draws on data from a large ethnographic project to explore the
ways in which Chinese translocal families dispersed between China, Hong Kong and the UK exploit mobile messaging apps to negotiate
the post-migration value of Chinese-ness and Chinese tradition in geographically dispersed family and social contexts. Drawing on
the concept of the mobile chronotope, we show how Chinese families and friends employ textual and multimodal
resources to negotiate mobile chronotopes of (non)modernity in translocal mobile messaging interactions. Our
discourse analysis focuses on critical junctures at which modernist chronotopic negotiations are most visible. The article
contributes to an understanding of the discursive construction of multiple (non)modernities by showing how migrants (re)position
themselves along a gradient of chronotopic modernity in everyday mobile messaging encounters.
Rapid DNA template preparation directly from a rice sample without purification for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of rice genes
Authors: Narushima Jumpei , Kimata Shinya , Soga Keisuke , Sugano Yohei , Kishine Masahiro , Takabatake Reona , Mano Junichi , Kitta Kazumi , Kanamaru Shunsuke , Shirakawa Nanami , Kondo Kazunari , Nakamura Kosuke 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Rapid DNA template preparation directly from a single rice (Oryza sativa) grain or rice flour of its equivalent weight was developed for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). LAMP efficiency using DNA extract obtained from consecutive addition of alkaline lysis reagent (25 mM NaOH, 0.2 mM EDTA) and neutralizing reagent (40 mM Tris–HCl [pH 5]) was comparable to that using an equivalent amount of purified DNA as template. The stability of the prepared DNA extract was confirmed for up to six-day storage at room temperature. Without using any special laboratory devices, the developed method enabled a rapid, simple, and low-cost DNA template preparation method for reliable LAMP testing to detect rice genes.
Load compensation bridge for Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizers
Authors: Overney Frédéric , Pimsut Yaowaret , Bauer Stephan , Kieler Oliver , Behr Ralf , Jeanneret Blaise 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer is a quantum-based voltage source that can generate arbitrary waveforms with quantum accuracy. However, these state-of-the-art performances are drastically decreased by the wiring connecting the source to the device under test. This wiring introduces deviations from the Josephson voltage which scale quadratically with frequency.
This paper describes a load compensation bridge that fully compensates the load of the Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer by the input impedance of the device under test and completely suppresses the frequency dependence up to a frequency of 80 kHz with an overall uncertainty of 2.8

V V−1.
Suppression of electrostatic micro-instabilities in maximum-J stellarators
Authors: Alcusón J A , Xanthopoulos P , Plunk G G , Helander P , Wilms F , Turkin Y , Stechow A von , Grulke O 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We demonstrate favorable stability properties of maximum-J stellarators, exemplified by the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) device, in scenarios with low plasma beta. A large number of electrostatic linear gyrokinetic simulations are conducted to scan the relevant parameter space for different configurations, resulting in stability maps that account for the key micro-instabilities thought to drive turbulent transport. These maps exhibit a ‘stability valley’ in the region where the normalized ion temperature gradient is roughly equal to the normalized density gradient. In this valley, the electrostatic instabilities are partly suppressed thanks to the maximum-J property of the W7-X field. This property varies across different W7-X configurations, and this measurable difference is demonstrated to affect the size of the stability valley. Finally, the impact of the isotope effect and collisions on the valley is examined.