bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface and Groundwater Quality, in the Mixing Area, using Hydrochemical and Statistical Methods, in the Valley of Low Djemaa - Zitouna Basins, Algeria
Authors: Saou Abdelhamid , Maza Mustapha , Seidel Jean Luc 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Surface and groundwater of low Djemaa- Zitouna basins were sampled to study the hydrochemical processes that control the water chemistry. Temperature, pH, EC, major and trace element concentrations were measured. The data obtained were used to determine the hydrochemical facies and to perform statistical analyses (correlation matrix, dendrogram of Q-mode cluster analysis). The corrosiveness or scale forming tendencies and saturation indexes were evaluated in order to assess the corrosive potential and the quality of the groundwater in the mixing area.
Two main hydrochemical types (SO42- - Ca2+ - Mg2+ and Ca2+ - HCO32-) were identified. Based on Langelier index, surface water samples show scale forming with a non-corrosive character, whereas groundwater samples are slightly scale forming and corrosive. On the other hand, the Ryznar stability index of all samples shows stable waters and a slight tendency for scale dissolving. It also shows that calcite precipitation and dolomite dissolution driven by gypsum dissolution is the main factor controlling the water chemistry of the coastal aquifer.
Exploratory Evidence of Sex-Dimorphic Associations of the Ulna-to-Fibula Ratio, a Potential Marker of Pubertal Sex Steroid Exposure, with the Implicit Need for Power
Authors: Köllner Martin G. , Bleck Kira 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives
We propose a novel marker of pubertal organizing hormone effects on the brain, long bone length, and assess its relationships to implicit motives, especially the implicit need for power (nPower).

Methods
In a partly exploratory approach, we tested 126 participants (after exclusions; 53 men, 73 women), in a cross-sectional design using the Picture-Story Exercise (nPower, activity inhibition), standard anthropometric measurements (BMI, height), and calipers to assess bone length of the ulna and fibula.

Results
Results indicated that a sex-dimorphic (d = 0.55) Ulna-to-Fibula Ratio (UFR), which is independent of body height, best captures the variance in our data. While we did not find bivariate relationships between long bone length and nPower, a sex-dimorphic interaction of nPower and activity inhibition on UFR-asymmetry (UFRr-l; right versus left UFR) emerged. High UFRr-l scores were related to the inhibited power motive (high nPower, high activity inhibition) in men, while for women the pattern was (non-significantly) reversed. In addition, UFR was predicted by a sex-dimorphic effect of nPower, with low UFR scores being associated with a higher nPower in men and a tendency for high UFR scores being related to lower nPower in women.

Conclusions
We discuss our results regarding UFR’s potential as a sex-dimorphic marker of the organizing effects of pubertal steroid hormones on the motivational brain beyond hand and face parameters routinely used in current research. Finally, we examine how our findings fit recent results obtained for the relationship between 2D:4D digit ratio or facial width-to-height ratio and nPower.
Augmented Reality (AR) and Spatial Cognition: Effects of Holographic Grids on Distance Estimation and Location Memory in a 3D Indoor Scenario
Authors: Keil Julian , Korte Annika , Ratmer Anna , Edler Dennis , Dickmann Frank 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRecent advances in augmented reality (AR) technology enable the projection of holograms to a fixed location in 3D space. This renders new possibilities for influencing peoples’ spatial perception and to address cognitive limitations as structural distortions in cognitive representations of space. The study presented in this paper investigated whether these structural distortions can be reduced by projecting a holographic grid into 3D space. Accuracy of the cognitive representation of space was assessed based on distance estimations and an object location memory task. The findings revealed that distance estimations were indeed more accurate when a holographic grid was available. Location memory performance, on the other hand, was worse when a holographic grid was available. Based on feedback from the participants, it can be assumed that design characteristics of the used AR headset are at least partly responsible for this result. These characteristics include a reduced field of view and visual distortions in the peripheral areas of the field of view. Overall, the findings show that AR can be used to influence and, when applied correctly, improve peoples’ spatial perception. However, more research is needed to specify requirements, strengths, and weaknesses of geographic AR applications.
Efficacy of calcitonin for treating acute pain associated with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: an updated systematic review
Authors: Boucher Emily , Rosgen Brianna , Lang Eddy 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveAcutely painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures are associated with hospitalization and mortality in older adults. Calcitonin may be an alternative to opioid or nonopioid analgesia for treating acute compression fracture pain in emergency and primary care settings. This review summarizes pain, function, and adverse events associated with calcitonin.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, clinical trials registries, and reference lists of included studies. Eligible studies evaluated the effect of synthetic calcitonins (salmon, eel, and human) on pain scores in adults ≥60 years old with a recent atraumatic compression fracture. Two reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and allocated bias in duplicate. A random effects meta-analysis evaluated standard mean difference (SMD) and heterogeneity (I2).ResultsOf 1,198 articles screened, 11 were included (9 in the meta-analysis). Treatment lasted from 14 days to 6 months. Pain was lower in the salmon calcitonin group (100–200 IU IM or NAS, daily) than the control group with high certainty of evidence at week 1 (SMD, -1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.02 – -1.06; I2 = 52%), representing a number needed to treat of two. The analgesic efficacy of salmon calcitonin at 4 weeks was unclear due to substantial heterogeneity. There was low certainty evidence that calcitonin did not increase the overall risk of adverse events, including nausea and vomiting (risk ratio, 2.10; 95% CI, 0.87–5.08; I2 = 47%).ConclusionsCalcitonin is beneficial and appears safe for treating acute pain associated with compression fractures. Further studies may improve the certainty of evidence.
Does physician compensation for declaration of involuntary status increase the likelihood of involuntary admission? A population-level cross-sectional linked administrative database study
Authors: Lebenbaum Michael , Chiu Maria , Holder Laura , Vigod Simone , Kurdyak Paul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is substantial variability in involuntary psychiatric admission rates across countries and sub-regions within countries that are not fully explained by patient-level factors. We sought to examine whether in a government-funded health care system, physician payments for filling forms related to an involuntary psychiatric hospitalization were associated with the likelihood of an involuntary admission.MethodsThis is a population-based, cross-sectional study in Ontario, Canada of all adult psychiatric inpatients in Ontario (2009–2015, n = 122 851). We examined the association between the proportion of standardized forms for involuntary admissions that were financially compensated and the odds of a patient being involuntarily admitted. We controlled for socio-demographic characteristics, clinical severity, past-health care system utilization and system resource factors.ResultsInvoluntary admission rates increased from the lowest (Q1, 70.8%) to the highest (Q5, 81.4%) emergency department (ED) quintiles of payment, with the odds of involuntary admission in Q5 being nearly significantly higher than the odds of involuntary admission in Q1 after adjustment (aOR 1.73, 95% CI 0.99–3.01). With payment proportion measured as a continuous variable, the odds of involuntary admission increased by 1.14 (95% CI 1.03–1.27) for each 10% absolute increase in the proportion of financially compensated forms at that ED.ConclusionsWe found that involuntary admission was more likely to occur at EDs with increasing likelihood of financial compensation for invoking involuntary status. This highlights the need to better understand how physician compensation relates to the ethical balance between the right to safety and autonomy for some of the world's most vulnerable patients.
Dadanitic b-rʾy as referring to a local calendar?
Authors: Kootstra Fokelien 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article will discuss the dating formula in the Dadanitic inscriptions. So far, some of these have been interpreted to refer not only to the reign of the local king (mlk lḥyn), but also to another political official called rʾy. The article will discuss the merit of this interpretation based on both the questionable etymology of the term rʾy and the problematic interpretation of the terms following this word as personal names. Instead, a new interpretation of this formula as a reference to a local calendar will be explored in light of the occurrence of a similar word rʾy in Safaitic dating formula, and comparison to other ancient methods of time reckoning in the region.
Sworn swords: the Germanic context of Beowulf 2064, aðsweord
Authors: Weber Benjamin D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article argues that the Beowulf-poet’s use of the word aðsweord, usually glossed as ‘sworn oath’ in Beowulf 2064 is a play on the words for oaths (að) and swords (sweord) intended to evoke the difficulty inherent in social mechanisms designed to end cycles of reciprocal violence. By tracing the idea of a ‘sword-oath’ as a means to secure peace through a number of Latin and Norse analogs, this article elucidates an important feature of Beowulf’s rhetoric in his speech to Hygelac’s court, showing how he contrasts his own heroic successes in defeating the Grendelkin with Hrothgar’s failure to cement peace between the Danes and the Heatho-Bards. The article thus offers a structural rationale for the Ingeld episode, which has often seemed repetitious to critics, and illustrates the value of criticism that focuses on the intersection of style, narrative logic and theme in Beowulf.
A fourth supplement to Hand-List of Anglo-Saxon Non-Runic Inscriptions
Authors: Okasha Elisabeth 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis fourth supplement brings up to date my Hand-List of Anglo-Saxon Non-Runic Inscriptions (Cambridge, 1971), and the three supplements which appeared in Anglo-Saxon England 11 (1983), 21 (1992) and 33 (2004). This fourth supplement contains twenty-two entries and includes all the Anglo-Saxon non-runic inscriptions that have come to my notice between 2004 and 2017. Wherever possible I have personally examined all the existing inscriptions contained in this supplement. For ease of reference, this supplement follows the same pattern as before: the Entries appear first, with the same layout as before, followed by the Bibliography and Addenda.
The role of contract type in soil-improving investments: evidence from rice-planting large-scale production units in China
Authors: Li Fang , Feng Shuyi , Lu Hualiang , Qu Futian , D'Haese Marijke 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe emerging large-scale production units (LSPUs) have become increasingly important in Chinese agricultural production and rural transformation due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. Based on household and plot-level data from Jiangsu and Jiangxi Provinces in China, this study provides insights into the farming systems of these LSPUs and examines how contract type, as a proxy for land tenure security, impacts on the production unit's soil-improving investments. Results from the two-stage control function approach show that the written nature of contracts positively affects the application of organic fertilizer and green manure on rented-in plots. Descriptive analysis also confirms the collateralization effect of contract type by showing that plots that are used as collateral for credit are characterized by written contracts. Policies facilitating LSPUs' access to farmland with more formal contracts may therefore play an important role in improving soil quality and land productivity.
Aortic stiffness and related complications after endovascular repair of blunt thoracic aortic injury in young patients
Authors: Youssef Akram , Kalaja Igli , Alkomi Usama , Abt Tobias , Hoffmann Ralf-Thorsten , Reeps Christian , Weiss Norbert , Karl Lackner Helmut , Mahlmann Adrian 
Published: March 2020

Summary: Background: This study aimed to evaluate the changes in aortic stiffness in young patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) after blunt thoracic aortic injury (TBAI) and to examine the associated cardiovascular complications during follow-up. Patients and methods: We included survivors of TBAI who underwent stent graft placement between November 2009 and November 2019 and gave their consent to participate. Patients with relevant cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities with potential impact on arterial stiffness, and prior aortic surgical or endovascular interventions were excluded. Fourteen TEVAR patients prospectively underwent clinical and noninvasive examinations and morphological imaging (mean time of follow-up and duration of implanted stent graft: 5.3 ± 1.8 years; mean age: 35.1 ± 8.7 years) and were compared to 14 healthy controls (matched for sex, age, height, and body mass index) in order to evaluate aortic stiffness. During the follow-up examinations, we assessed the pulse wave velocity (PWV; m/s) and development of arterial hypertension or heart failure, as indicated by N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP; pg/mL) levels and performed echocardiography. Results: A significant increase in PWV values was recorded in the TEVAR group (median = 10.1; interquartile range [IQR] = 8.9–11.6) compared to the healthy controls (median = 7.3; IQR = 6.7–8.4), with an increase in the rank mean PWV (+ 3.8; Mann-Whitney U test p < .001). NT-proBNP levels of patients after TEVAR did not vary significantly compared to those of healthy controls (Mann-Whitney U test, p = .154). After TEVAR, five patients developed arterial hypertension during the follow-up, and three of them exhibited diastolic dysfunction. Conclusions: In young patients, TEVAR after TBAI may cause adverse cardiovascular complications due to increased aortic stiffness; therefore, screening for arterial hypertension during follow-up is recommended.
Tracer‐Aided Modeling in the Low‐Relief, Wet‐Dry Tropics Suggests Water Ages and DOC Export Are Driven by Seasonal Wetlands and Deep Groundwater
Authors: Birkel Christian , Duvert Clément , Correa Alicia , Munksgaard Niels C. , Maher Damien T. , Hutley Lindsay B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOur understanding of how wet‐dry tropical catchments process water and solutes remains limited. In this study, we attempt to gain understanding of water and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) transport, storage, and mixing in a 126 km2 catchment of northern Australia. We developed a coupled, tracer‐aided, conceptual rainfall‐runoff model (SAVTAM) that simultaneously calculates water, isotope, and DOC‐based processes at a daily time step. The semidistributed model can account for the marked hydrological distinction between savanna woodlands and adjacent seasonal wetlands. Using the calibrated model, we tracked the fluxes and derived the age of water in fluxes and storages. Model output matched the seasonal variability, controlled by seasonal rainfall, which switched on and off water and carbon flow pathways from the savanna to seasonal wetlands and ultimately to the perennial river. Such hydrological connectivity is modulated by the karst aquifer system that continuously contributes older waters (decades to century old) to maintain relatively stable and older streamflow during the dry season (average stream water age = 9.7 to 16.2 years). Such older waters occur despite a rapid, monsoon‐driven streamflow response. The DOC fluxes were largely sourced from the wetland and riparian forest that transported DOC in the order of 1.9 t C km−2 year−1 to the stream, which was on average 90% of the total simulated DOC exports of 2 t C·km−2·year−1. We conclude that coupled simulation of water and biogeochemistry is necessary to generate a more complete picture of catchment functioning, particularly in the tropics.
Cognitive Mechanisms That Predict Lower Math in Children With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Ilardi Dawn , LaMotte Julia 
Published: March 2020

Objective: Broad cognitive deficits have been reported in children with congenital heart disease (CHD), which is associated with abnormal neurological development. As cardiac neurodevelopmental follow-up programs grow to meet patient demands, research is needed to guide clinical care. Of interest to the current study are deficits in fine motor and visuospatial skills, processing speed, and working memory in CHD, which are known contributors to math. Method: Retrospective chart review was completed from an outpatient clinic to collect data from neuropsychology and medical records. Evaluations were completed upon physician referral and represent a high-risk clinical sample. Participants included 105 children ( M age = 10 years) with various types of CHD requiring surgery during infancy. Measures included standardized testing and caregiver ratings. Results: Using hierarchical linear regression, perceptual reasoning, processing speed, and working memory explained significant variance in math. Demographic variables (e.g., maternal education, ethnicity), prematurity, and CHD severity were not related to math. Caregiver report of executive function was also unrelated to math. Conclusions: Psychologists completing an evaluation of the clinically referred child with CHD should assess visuospatial skills, working memory, and processing speed when math is a concern. Identifying weaknesses in these areas can inform math instruction and accommodations. Implications for Impact Statement This study of clinically referred children with CHD shows lower performance in math. Cognitive areas related to lower math included visuospatial skills, working memory, and processing speed. Findings support assessment of these areas in cardiac neurodevelopmental follow-up programs to help facilitate intervention.
Differential prognostic impact of CD8+ T cells based on human leucocyte antigen I and PD-L1 expression in microsatellite-unstable gastric cancer
Authors: Kwak Yoonjin , Koh Jiwon , Park Yujun , Hong Yun Ji , Park Kyoung Un , Kim Hyung-Ho , Park Do Joong , Ahn Sang-Hoon , Kim Woo Ho , Lee Hye Seung 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of the study was to determine the human leucocyte antigen class-I (HLA-I), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) of microsatellite instability-high gastric cancer.

Methods
The HLA-I expression type was determined by immunohistochemistry of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C and β2-microglobulin in the centre of the tumour (CT) and in the invasive margin (IM) of samples from 293 patients (total loss vs. preserved type). PD-L1 expression and TIL density was examined immunohistochemically. HLA-I genotyping was also performed.

Results
The expression loss of the HLA-I molecules was significantly associated with low TIL density. According to survival analyses, the HLA-I expression type and PD-L1 positivity were not independent prognostic factors. The TIL density had no prognostic implication when survival analysis was performed for the whole patient group; however, high CD8+ TIL infiltration was significantly associated with good prognosis in only HLA-I-preserved-type/PD-L1-positive group (p = 0.034). The homozygosity of the HLA-I allele was more frequently observed in the total loss type group.

Conclusions
We confirmed differential prognostic implication of CD8+ TILs according to the HLA-I and PD-L1 expression. Determination of the HLA-I expression could be helpful to select patients who would benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
Hierarchical porous silicon structures with extraordinary mechanical strength as high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Jia Haiping , Li Xiaolin , Song Junhua , Zhang Xin , Luo Langli , He Yang , Li Binsong , Cai Yun , Hu Shenyang , Xiao Xingcheng , Wang Chongmin , Rosso Kevin M. , Yi Ran , Patel Rajankumar , Zhang Ji-Guang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPorous structured silicon has been regarded as a promising candidate to overcome pulverization of silicon-based anodes. However, poor mechanical strength of these porous particles has limited their volumetric energy density towards practical applications. Here we design and synthesize hierarchical carbon-nanotube@silicon@carbon microspheres with both high porosity and extraordinary mechanical strength (>200 MPa) and a low apparent particle expansion of ~40% upon full lithiation. The composite electrodes of carbon-nanotube@silicon@carbon-graphite with a practical loading (3 mAh cm−2) deliver ~750 mAh g−1 specific capacity, <20% initial swelling at 100% state-of-charge, and ~92% capacity retention over 500 cycles. Calendered electrodes achieve ~980 mAh cm−3 volumetric capacity density and <50% end-of-life swell after 120 cycles. Full cells with LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathodes demonstrate >92% capacity retention over 500 cycles. This work is a leap in silicon anode development and provides insights into the design of electrode materials for other batteries.
Additive rheology of complex granular flows
Authors: Vo Thanh Trung , Nezamabadi Saeid , Mutabaruka Patrick , Delenne Jean-Yves , Radjai Farhang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGranular flows are omnipresent in nature and industrial processes, but their rheological properties such as apparent friction and packing fraction are still elusive when inertial, cohesive and viscous interactions occur between particles in addition to frictional and elastic forces. Here we report on extensive particle dynamics simulations of such complex flows for a model granular system composed of perfectly rigid particles. We show that, when the apparent friction and packing fraction are normalized by their cohesion-dependent quasistatic values, they are governed by a single dimensionless number that, by virtue of stress additivity, accounts for all interactions. We also find that this dimensionless parameter, as a generalized inertial number, describes the texture variables such as the bond network connectivity and anisotropy. Encompassing various stress sources, this unified framework considerably simplifies and extends the modeling scope for granular dynamics, with potential applications to powder technology and natural flows.
A flexible topo-optical sensing technology with ultra-high contrast
Authors: Wang Cong , Wang Ding , Kozhevnikov Valery , Dai Xingyi , Turnbull Graeme , Chen Xue , Kong Jie , Tang Ben Zhong , Li Yifan , Xu Ben Bin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractElastic folding, a phenomenon widely existing in nature, has attracted great interests to understand the math and physical science behind the topological transition on surface, thus can be used to create frontier engineering solutions. Here, we propose a topo-optical sensing strategy with ultra-high contrast by programming surface folds on targeted area with a thin optical indicator layer. A robust and precise signal generation can be achieved under mechanical compressive strains (>0.4). This approach bridges the gap in current mechano-responsive luminescence mechanism, by utilizing the unwanted oxygen quenching effect of Iridium-III (Ir-III) fluorophores to enable an ultra-high contrast signal. Moreover, this technology hosts a rich set of attractive features such as high strain sensing, encoded logic function, direct visualisation and good adaptivity to the local curvature, from which we hope it will enable new opportunities for designing next generation flexible/wearable devices.