bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and commercialisation of rechargeable wooden LED lamps
Authors: Schultz Bradley 
Published: October 2019

The focus of this project was to work with local staff at Kathmandu Alternative Power and Energy Group to commercialise a product which would generate recurring income for the organisation, to enable staff to learn the process of commercialisation and to provide employment and skills in the local community. Rechargeable Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps were deemed suitable for these aims, as they are a simple product, yet one that is urgently required in Nepal due to the prevalence of ‘load-shedding’ – scheduled electrical blackouts. After reviewing the market, it was found that it would be impossible to compete with the price of cheap imported Chinese rechargeable LED lamps, so an alternative approach was taken. This involved sourcing wooden off-cuts from a local furniture factory and transforming them into attractive desk lamps, with the target market being affluent Nepalis, ex-pats living in Nepal and tourists. Successful initial sales were achieved through a Kathmandu-based ex-pat email group, hotel-markets and souvenir stores. KAPEG staff have continued the project, producing variations on the initial design including Himalayan rock salt lamps, employing local people to manufacture lamps and selling them at markets in Kathmandu. Staffing and marketing challenges remain to ensure the lamp manufacture and sales continue.
Five Guiding Principles to Enhance Community Participation in Humanitarian Engineering Projects.
Authors: Mazzurco Andrea , Jesiek Brent K 
Published: October 2019

Humanitarian engineering (HE) is a very complex endeavour that requires addressing technical problems whilst concurrently engaging the community members who will ultimately benefit from the engineers’ solutions. Community participation is particularly important because it is directly linked to the sustainability of projects. Whilst many strategies have been proposed to engage partner communities, the HE literature lacks a comprehensive framework of guiding principles for more effectively engaging community members. The goal of this study is to develop a framework of principles that can support humanitarian engineering professionals and educators to enhance the participation of community members. In this study, we used a qualitative systematised literature review to collect 49 journal articles focused on humanitarian engineering projects and strategies. The analysis of the collected papers led to identification of five guiding principles: 1) collaborating with local champions (NGOs and similar), 2) harnessing local resources and expertise, 3) integrating ethics and social justice, 4) building trusting and equitable relationships, and 5) creating competent multi or inter-disciplinary teams. The identified principles provide a framework that can enable humanitarian professionals and educators involved in small-scale HE projects to enhance the way they interact with community members. We conclude the paper with a series of questions based on the five principles that may allow humanitarian engineers to reflect on the way they interact with community members and thus enhance their relationships. We also invite other humanitarian engineers to further expand concepts related to the suggested principles, and to explore ways to best apply these principles in practice.
Development and external validation of a logistic regression derived algorithm to estimate a 12-month post open defecation free slippage risk
Authors: Simangolwa Warren Mukelabai 
Published: October 2019

Appropriate open defecation free (ODF) sustainability interventions are key to further mobilise communities to consume sanitation and hygiene products and services that enhance household’s quality of life and embed household behavioural change for heathier communities. This study aims to develop a logistic regression derived risk algorithm to estimate a 12-month ODF slippage risk and externally validate the model in an independent data set. ODF slippage occurs when one or more toilet adequacy parameters are no longer present for one or more toilets in a community. Data in the Zambia district health information software for water sanitation and hygiene management information system for Chungu and Chabula chiefdoms was used for the study. The data was retrieved from the date of chief Chungu and Chabula chiefdoms' attainment of ODF status in October 2016 for 12 months until September 2017 for the development and validation data sets respectively. Data was assumed to be missing completely at random and the complete case analysis approach was used. The events per variables were satisfactory for both the development and validation data sets. Multivariable regression with a backwards selection procedure was used to decide candidate predictor variables with p < 0.05 meriting inclusion. To correct for optimism, the study compared amount of heuristic shrinkage by comparing the model’s apparent C-statistic to the C- statistic computed by nonparametric bootstrap resampling. In the resulting model, an increase in the covariates ‘months after ODF attainment’, ‘village population’ and ‘latrine built after CLTS’, were all associated with a higher probability of ODF slippage. Conversely, an increase in the covariate ‘presence of a handwashing station with soap’, was associated with reduced probability of ODF slippage. The predictive performance of the model was improved by the heuristic shrinkage factor of 0.988. The external validation confirmed good prediction performance with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85 and no significant lack of fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow test: p = 0.246). The results must be interpreted with caution in regions where the ODF definitions, culture and other factors are different from those asserted in the study.
THE INTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING LUNG CAPACITY OF PEOPLE LIVING IN AREAS AROUND THE CEMENT INDUSTRY, INDONESIA
Authors: Jayadipraja Erwin Azizi , Daud Anwar , Assegaf Alimuddin Hamzah , - Maming 
Published: October 2019

Background: Some internal factors have both positive and negative effects to people’s health, especially those who live in a polluted area. The area around the cement industry is an example of polluted area in which the lung capacity will be harmed.Aim: This research aimed at finding out internal factors affecting lung capacity of people living in the area around the cement industry.Methods: This research used a cross sectional study plan by measuring lung capacity (FEV1 and FVC) of people living in four different locations. The locations were based on wind directions and within 3 km from the cement industry. The study plan was also done by connecting the measurement with other factors, such as age, physical activities, nutrition status and passive smoking or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS).Results: Based on the calculation of lung capacity 241 respondents obtained 123 respondents (51%) had a normal lung capacity, 105 respondents (43.6%) had a restricted lung capacity, 4 respondents (1.7%) had an obstructed lung capacity and 9 respondents (3.7%) had a combination of a restricted and obstructed lung capacity. The age (p=0.977) and physical activities (p=0.087) of respondents had no effect on the lung capacity. However, nutrition status (p=0.011) and passive smoking or ETS (p=0.003) do.Conclusion: The nutrition status and the presence of a passive smoker were the internal factors affecting people’s lung capacity, especially for those who live around the cement industry. Thus, in order to avoid the impairment of lung capacity, people need to improve their nutrition and to avoid people smoking around them.
INVESTIGATION OF SUSPECTED PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY OUTBREAK IN DECHENTSEMO CENTRAL SCHOOL, THINLEYGANG, PUNAKHA
Authors: Ten Tshe , Dzed Laigden , Thinley Sangay , Tshomo Deki , Dechen Karma , Mo Zang , Mongar Dhan Bdr , Palzang Thupten , Yangzom Karma , Gyeltshen Tandin , Choki Pema , Wangchuk Sonam 
Published: October 2019

Background: A suspected peripheral neuropathy outbreak was reported from Dechentsemo Central School, Thinleygang, Punakha, following which the investigation team was immediately dispatched in the field.Objective: The aim of investigation was to ascertain the cause and risk factor for the outbreak in order to implement control measures.Methods: A case control study was devised for the investigation to study about the past exposure or deficiencies in order to find out the suspected cause and risk factors. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered to both cases and controls to collect information on the type of food they have consumed. The information garnered was analyzed using Chi-Square or Fischer Exact test for categorical variables and Man-Whitney U-test for quantitative variables. Results: All 17 cases were females with mean age of 13 years (SD 2.7 years). The average daily amount of thiamine intake was 0.6 mg/day for case and 0.8 mg/day for controls against the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of 1.2 mg/day. Case and control patients differed significantly with respect to fat intake (p-value = 0.02), more strongly with folate and iron intake (p-value 0.01).Conclusion: The outbreak of peripheral neuropathy in Dechentsemo Central School appears to be linked to reduced dietary intake rich in vitamin B1 coupled with low intake of folate and iron in their diet.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE, ACTION OF FAMILY IN DCB (DRAIN, CLOSE, AND BURY) PROGRAM, AND THE EXISTENCE OF EGGS OF AEDES AEGYPTI MOSQUITO ON OVITRAP IN KANDAI KENDARI, INDONESIA
Authors: Yunus Reni , Rosanty Anita 
Published: October 2019

Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a contagious disease caused by the dengue virus infection through Aedes aegypti mosquito. DHF often causes epidemics and Extraordinary Events (EE) in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia.Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between knowledge and society action on the prevention of dengue with the amount of mosquitoes trapped in ovitrap in Kandai, Kendari, Indonesia.Methods: The research method was an observational study with cross sectional design. The research was conducted at Kandai village, Kendari on May to July 2014. It was 87 homes with 87 families were recruited as sample size for this study. Ovitrap was used inside and outside of their homes.Results: DCB family knowledge and the existence of Aedes sp mosquitoes eggs on ovitrap were analyzed and observed in this study. Chi square test showed that X2 count value (1.261) was less than X2 table value (3.814) at error level 5% (α = 0.05) indicated that Ha was rejected and Ho was accepted. Meanwhile, Chi square test for the action of the family about DCB and the existence of eggs Aedes sp mosquito on ovitrap showed that X2 count value (4.115) was greater than X2 table value (3.814) at the error level 5% (α = 0.05), indicated that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted.Conclusions:  It was concluded that (1) there was no relationship between DCB family knowledge and the existence of Aedes sp mosquitoes eggs on ovitrap, and (2) there was a relationship between the action of family about DCB and the existence of aedes sp mosquitoes eggs on ovitrap in Kandai Kendari.
EFFECT OF 30° HEAD-UP POSITION ON INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE CHANGE IN PATIENTS WITH HEAD INJURY IN SURGICAL WARD OF GENERAL HOSPITAL OF Dr. R. SOEDARSONO PASURUAN
Authors: Pertami Sumirah Budi , Sulastyawati Sulastyawati , Anami Puthut 
Published: October 2019

Background: Head-injured patients have traditionally been maintained in the head-up position to ameliorate the effects of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). However, it has been reported that the 15 degrees head-up position may improve cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and outcome. We sought to determine the impact of 30 and 15 degrees on intracranial pressure change.Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with posttest only control time series time design. There were 30 head-injured patients was selected using consecutive sampling, with 15 assigned in the treatment (30° head-up position) and control group (15° head-up position). Intracranial pressure variable was identified using the level of consciousness and mean arterial pressure parameters. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for data analysisResults: Findings showed p-value 0.010 (0.05) on awareness level and p-value 0.031 (0.05) on mean arterial pressure, which indicated that there was a statistically significant effect of the 30° head-up position on level of awareness and mean arterial pressure.Conclusion: There was a significant effect of the 30° head-up position on intracranial pressure changes, particularly in the level of awareness and mean arterial pressure in patients with head injury. It is recommended that for health workers to provide knowledge regarding this intervention to prevent increased intracranial pressure.
FACTORS RELATED TO THE SUCCESS OF THE TREATMENT PROGRAM OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN POLYCLINIC OF MDR-TB OF THE GENERAL HOSPITAL OF UNDATA PALU, INDONESIA
Authors: Napirah Muhammad Ryman , Wandira Bertin Ayu , Aulia Ana 
Published: October 2019

Background: Incidence of Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis remains high in Indonesia. Thus, understanding the factors related to the success of the Government Program on the treatment of Multidrug-resistant is necessity. Objective: This study aims to determine the factors related to the success of government programs on the treatment of MDR-TB patients in Polyclinic of MDR-TB of Undata Palu Hospital.Methods: This was a correlational study with cross-sectional design conducted in the polyclinic of MDR-TB of the General Hospital of Undata Palu from October 2016 to November 2016. There were 46 patients recruited by total sampling. Chi-square was used for data analysis.Results: Findings showed that there were statistically significant correlations between knowledge (p = 0.002), the regularity of treatment (p = 0.000), the role of drug control (p = 0.010), drug side effects (p = 0.000) and quality of service of health workers (p = 0.001) with the success of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis program. There was no correlation between distance to health facilities (p = 0.315) and the success of the treatment.Conclusion: There were significant relationships between knowledge, regularity of treatment, drug control, drug side effects, quality of health staffs and the success of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis program. These factors could be considered important for the government to the success of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis program, especially in the polyclinic of MDR-TB of the General Hospital of Undata Palu.
MOTHER’S CHILD FEEDING KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES ASSOCIATED WITH UNDERWEIGHT IN CHILDREN UNDER-FIVE YEARS: A STUDY FROM RURAL KONAWE, INDONESIA
Authors: Tasnim Tasnim , Mwanri Lillian , Dasvarma Gour 
Published: October 2019

Backgroud: Many rural mothers did not give appropriate child feeding which impacted to underweight for their children in Konawe Disrict of Southeast Island in Indonesia. This was also related to mother’s poor knowledge about child feeding. Objective: this study aimed to investigate the relationship between rural mothers’ knowledge and their practices of child feeding with underweight in under-5 children in Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi Province in Indonesia.Methods: The case-control study was conducted in 5 rural areas in Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The study involved 400 under five children and their mothers, including 100 of whom were cases and 300 of whom were age-matched contorls (1:3). Cases were underweight children, while the controls were children with a normal nutritional status. The independent variabels were mother’s knowledge and their child feeding practices. The data analysis used Conditional Logistic regression.Results: poor mothers’ knowledge (odds ratio [OR], 8.9; 95% confidene interval [CI], 4.0 to 19.6; p0.001), poor practices of under-5 children feeding (OR, 15.2; 95% CI, 5.5-41.7; p0.001) significantly associated with underweight in rural children.Conclusion: Mothers’ knowledge about the availability of nutritious foods determines her child feeding practices. A mother’s level of knowledge about nutritious foods and her practices is related to her educational level and health information sources.
DIFFERENT EFFECT OF SHIFT WORK ON FATIGUE AND WORK RELATED STRESS IN EMERGENCY ROOM NURSES AT THE HOSPITALS IN BADUNG AND DENPASAR REGENCY, BALI, INDONESIA
Authors: Juniartha I Gusti Ngurah , Sardjono Teguh Wahju , Kartikawatiningsih Dewi 
Published: October 2019

Background: Shift work is a way to maintain proper health care daily at hospital. Shift work may affect fatigue level of nurse and work related stress in Emergency Room (ER) nurses. Generally there are two types of shift work, such as two and three division time a day. The three-division time shift includes 6-6-12 shift and 7-7-10 hours shift, and two-division time includes 12-12 hours shift. Lack of studies discusses about shift work on fatigue and work related stress in ER nurses.Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the differences of the effects between 6-6-12 shift, 7-7-10 shift, and 12-12 shift on fatigue and work related stress, and determine the dominant indicator influencing fatigue and work related stress in emergency nurses at the hospitals in Badung and Denpasar regency, Bali Indonesia.Methods: This was an observational analytic study with cross sectional approach. Purposive sampling was done to recruit 102 nurses from eight emergency departments at Badung and Denpasar regency. Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery (OFER) questionnaire was used to measure fatigue, and Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) questionnaire was used to measure work related stress. Univariate analysis was used to analyze demographic characteristics of each ER. Kruskall-Wallis test with post hoc Mann Whitney were used to determine the different score of fatigue and work related stress between each group, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to identify contribution of fatigue toward work related stress of ER nurses. Results: There were significant difference of the effect of shift work on fatigue, between 6-6-12 shift and 12-12 shift with p = 0.037, and between 7-7-10 shift and 12-12 shift with p = 0.003; and significant difference of the effect of shift work on work related stress, between 6-6-12 shift and 12-12 shift with p = 0.474, and between 7-7-10 shift and 12-12 shift with p = 0.128. SEM results show that fatigue contributed about 61% to increase work related stress in ER nurses.Conclusion: There was significant difference of the effects on fatigue between two and three-division time of shifts, and there was no difference of the effect on work related stress for each group. Fatigue statistically increased work related stress in ER nurses.
GOD SERVANTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND STIGMA OF TUBERCULOSIS IN KUPANG INDONESIA
Authors: Manurung Imelda Februati Ester , Ruliati Luh Putu , Ndun Helga J. N , Baun Aminah H , Lele Yumiati Ke , Wahyuni Chatarina U 
Published: October 2019

Background: Knowledge and stigma are the factors that determine the success of TB control. The people of East Nusa Tenggara still rely heavily on the support of God's servants in addressing health issues. God's servant is someone who is believed to have the gift of healing through prayer to the Lord Jesus. Aim: This study aimed to reveal God’s servants’ knowledge on and stigma to TB.Methods: This study is a descriptive quantitative study, in which the research aims to perceive God’s servants’ knowledge and stigma to TB in 2 community health centers with the most TB cases in Kupang. The population of the study was God’s servants in three areas of coverage of community health centers with the most TB cases. The sample of the study was the entire population (Total sampling) as many as 120 people. Data were collected through questionnaires and using mid-point score.Results: The results showed that the knowledge related to transmission, treatment, and prevention of Tuberculosis was low, amounted to 76%, similar to the stigma to TB that was amounted to 58%. God's servants still held the stigma that TB is a curse and disgraceful disease and they were unwilling to share with tuberculosis patients.Conclusion: God’s servants’ knowledge related to TB is low. As for stigma, even though mostly is low, there are still many God’s servants who give stigma to TB disease. Since God’s servant is a potential figure believed by some people to have the gift of healing, their knowledge and stigma needs to be improved in order to provide true information and support for TB patients.
OUTCOME OF STAGE T1 RENAL CELL CARCINOMA TREATED WITH PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY: INITIAL EXPERIENCES FROM A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Morshed Md. Selim , Al-Asad Hafiz , Alam Mohammad Saruar , Lutful Hasan Abu Naser Md. , Belal Md. Towhid , Hossain AKM Shahadat , Zaman Sojib Bin 
Published: October 2019

Background: Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 85% of all solid tumors of the kidney. For many years, radical nephrectomy was the stan­dard treatment for RCC. Partial nephrectomy has gradual­ly replaced radical nephrectomy over the past decade, es­pecially for T1 stage renal cell carcinoma. However, the benefit of partial nephrectomy on oncolog­ic outcomes is not well known.Objective: to investigate the clinical outcome of partial nephrectomy on T1 renal cell carcinoma. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in a single unit of urology department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh from the period September 2014 to September 2017. Fourteen patients underwent partial nephrectomy during this period with renal mass based on eligibility criteria. Two follow up was done at three months and six months. Result: Mean age of the patients undergoing surgery was 52.0± 3.8 (46.0 to 57.0 years) years. For the majority of the patients, tumour size was in a range of 3-7 cm. Average operative time was 90 minutes and mean ischaemic time was 16.5 ± 4.6 minutes (14.5 to 21.0 minutes). Histopathological reports correlated with clinical diagnosis and showed adequate surgical clear margin in every case. There was no recurrence of tumour noticed during the two follow up periods. The different investigation did not reveal the impaired renal functional test during the follow-up period. Conclusion: The clinical outcome of partial nephrectomy was found better in this study. Partial nephrectomy has the potential to replace radical nephrectomy for managing T1 tumours. However, there are some controversies regarding the post-operative oncological outcome. More studies are recommended to investigate the effect of partial nephrectomy for T1 tumours.