bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-cost fitness and activity trackers for biometric authentication
Authors: Khan Saad , Parkinson Simon , Liu Na , Grant Liam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fitness and activity tracking devices acquire, process and store rich behavioural data that are consumed by the end-user to learn health insights. This rich data source also enables a secondary use of being part of a biometric authentication system. However, there are many open research challenges with the use of data generated by fitness and activity trackers as a biometric source. In this article, the challenge of using data acquired from low-cost devices is tackled. This includes investigating how to best partition the data to deduce repeatable behavioural traits, while maximizing the uniqueness between participant datasets. In this exploratory research, 3 months’ worth of data (heart rate, step count and sleep) for five participants is acquired and utilized in its raw form from low-cost devices. It is established that dividing the data into 14-h segments is deemed the most suitable based on measuring coefficients of variance. Several supervised machine learning algorithms are then applied where the performance is evaluated by six metrics to demonstrate the potential of employing this data source in biometric-based security systems.
Case report of a ‘snake thrombus’ in the right heart: a rare finding on echocardiography
Authors: Bosman Nienke A.M. , Kuipers Remko S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
A right heart thrombus originating from an inferior vena cava thrombosis (IVCT) is a rare entity. In accordance with venous thromboembolism (VTE), IVCT can be categorized as primary or secondary. Secondary ICVT can be the result of a predisposing hypercoagulable state and/or from external compression on the inferior vena cava (IVC) such as in case of malignancies. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), amongst others, has been described in the context of secondary IVCT.

Case summary
An 80-year-old man was presented in our emergency department with complaints of dyspnoea and oedema. Echocardiography revealed a large snake-like thrombus in the IVC extending into the right atrium. Subsequent computed tomography resulted in a diagnosis of an RCC. The patient was considered to be in too poor clinical condition for surgical removal. In the next days, his condition deteriorated, after which palliative care was initiated and the patient deceased at day 12 of admission.

Conclusion
A right heart thrombus is a rare finding during echocardiography. This case demonstrates an incidental finding of a ‘snake thrombus’ in the IVC and right heart secondary to RCC. This case illustrates the importance and additional value of echocardiography in the setting of suspected right-sided heart failure.
Changing paradigm for treatment of heavily calcified coronary artery disease. A complementary role of rotational atherectomy and intravascular lithotripsy with shockwave balloon: a case report
Authors: Tehrani Shana , Rathore Sudhir , Achan Vinod 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Management of heavily calcified coronary arteries is still a major challenge in interventional cardiology. Inadequate stent expansion in calcific lesions is the single most important predictor of stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis. Rotational atherectomy (RA) is an important tool to modify the calcium burden but is associated with limitations and requires specific skills. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is a novel technique to treat calcified stenotic lesions and has been proposed as an alternative to RA with promising results.

Case summary
We report a case of a patient with severely calcified right coronary artery stenosis successfully treated with combination of RA and IVL.

Discussion
In this case, we demonstrate that the RA and IVL are complementary strategies, not sufficient on their own and not alternative to each other.
Intraoperative embolism of a right atrial myxoma: a case report
Authors: Papadopoulos Konstantinos , Alexiou Christos , Ozden Tok Ozge , Vannan Mani A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Atrial myxomas are the most common benign cardiac tumours. Clinical manifestations vary from constitutional symptoms, to valvular stenosis and embolic events, and surgical removal is the only suggested treatment.

Case summary
A 50-year-old female patient was referred to our centre for surgical excision of a reported right atrial mass. A transoesophageal echocardiographic exam revealed two right atrial masses and the surgical plan was total removal of both masses. However, during the operation the surgeons were not able to locate the larger of the two masses and embolization to the pulmonary trunk was considered as the most likely explanation in this setting. A control suction of the right ventricle and the proximal part of the pulmonary arteries was performed to check if the mass had embolized distally but this did not yield any mass. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit and remained stable for 2 h, until she developed an abrupt cardiogenic shock with signs of right heart failure. An emergent pulmonary computed tomography angiography demonstrated the embolized mass to the left pulmonary artery and the patient was retransferred to the operating room for emergent surgical removal of the mass. The patient showed immediate clinical and haemodynamic improvement after the removal of this mass and had an uneventful further hospitalization.

Discussion
Multiple right atrial myxomas are rarely reported and surgical excision requires experience, as in case of embolization immediate removal must be obtained to prevent from right ventricle distress and cardiogenic shock.
Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 in a child who underwent ventricular septal defect device closure: a case report
Authors: Bahaidarah Saud A , Dohain Ahmed M , Abdelmohsen Gaser , Alnajjar Abeer A , Al-Ata Jameel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Studies about the incidence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children are still significantly lower than those in adults. Moreover, data on the effect of COVID-19 in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are limited. To the best of our knowledge, this study first reported mortality in a child with CHD who acquired COVID-19.

Case summary
A 16-month-old boy presented to the emergency department due to shortness of breath, fever, cough, and poor oral intake. He tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). He required mechanical ventilation for rapidly progressing respiratory failure. The patient had a large mid-muscular ventricular septal defect (VSD) that was closed percutaneously at the age of 13 months. Moreover, we followed his hospital sequelae from admission to death.

Discussion
This child had multiple risk factors, including malnutrition and persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH) after late closure of the VSD. The pre-existing PH could have been aggravated by the lung condition associated with COVID-19 and the respiratory failure triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient presented with ventricular systolic dysfunction, elevated troponin serum levels and newly developed trifascicular block, which were indicative of myocardial injury. The elevated inflammatory markers and multi-organ dysfunction seem to corroborate multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, which was described recently among paediatric patients with COVID-19.
Human biventricular electromechanical simulations on the progression of electrocardiographic and mechanical abnormalities in post-myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Zhinuo J , Santiago Alfonso , Zhou Xin , Wang Lei , Margara Francesca , Levrero-Florencio Francesc , Das Arka , Kelly Chris , Dall'Armellina Erica , Vazquez Mariano , Rodriguez Blanca 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
Develop, calibrate and evaluate with clinical data a human electromechanical modelling and simulation framework for multiscale, mechanistic investigations in healthy and post-myocardial infarction (MI) conditions, from ionic to clinical biomarkers.

Methods and results
Human healthy and post-MI electromechanical simulations were conducted with a novel biventricular model, calibrated and evaluated with experimental and clinical data, including torso/biventricular anatomy from clinical magnetic resonance, state-of-the-art human-based membrane kinetics, excitation–contraction and active tension models, and orthotropic electromechanical coupling. Electromechanical remodelling of the infarct/ischaemic region and the border zone were simulated for ischaemic, acute, and chronic states in a fully transmural anterior infarct and a subendocardial anterior infarct. The results were compared with clinical electrocardiogram and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) data at similar states. Healthy model simulations show LVEF 63%, with 11% peak systolic wall thickening, QRS duration and QT interval of 100 ms and 330 ms. LVEF in ischaemic, acute, and chronic post-MI states were 56%, 51%, and 52%, respectively. In linking the three post-MI simulations, it was apparent that elevated resting potential due to hyperkalaemia in the infarcted region led to ST-segment elevation, while a large repolarization gradient corresponded to T-wave inversion. Mechanically, the chronic stiffening of the infarct region had the benefit of improving systolic function by reducing infarct bulging at the expense of reducing diastolic function by inhibiting inflation.

Conclusion
Our human-based multiscale modelling and simulation framework enables mechanistic investigations into patho-physiological electrophysiological and mechanical behaviour and can serve as testbed to guide the optimization of pharmacological and electrical therapies.
The Iron-Responsive Genome of the Chiton Acanthopleura granulata
Authors: Varney Rebecca M , Speiser Daniel I , McDougall Carmel , Degnan Bernard M , Kocot Kevin M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Molluscs biomineralize structures that vary in composition, form, and function, prompting questions about the genetic mechanisms responsible for their production and the evolution of these mechanisms. Chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) are a promising system for studies of biomineralization because they build a range of calcified structures including shell plates and spine- or scale-like sclerites. Chitons also harden the calcified teeth of their rasp-like radula with a coat of iron (as magnetite). Here we present the genome of the West Indian fuzzy chiton Acanthopleura granulata, the first from any aculiferan mollusc. The A. granulata genome contains homologs of many genes associated with biomineralization in conchiferan molluscs. We expected chitons to lack genes previously identified from pathways conchiferans use to make biominerals like calcite and nacre because chitons do not use these materials in their shells. Surprisingly, the A. granulata genome has homologs of many of these genes, suggesting that the ancestral mollusc may have had a more diverse biomineralization toolkit than expected. The A. granulata genome has features that may be specialized for iron biomineralization, including a higher proportion of genes regulated directly by iron than other molluscs. A. granulata also produces two isoforms of soma-like ferritin: one is regulated by iron and similar in sequence to the soma-like ferritins of other molluscs, and the other is constitutively translated and is not found in other molluscs. The A. granulata genome is a resource for future studies of molluscan evolution and biomineralization.
Within-Person Associations Among Self-Perceptions of Memory, Depressive Symptoms, and Activity Participation in Older Adults
Authors: Hill Nikki L , Mogle Jacqueline , Bhargava Sakshi , Bratlee-Whitaker Emily , Wion Rachel K , Sweeder Logan , Sliwinski Martin , Barnes Lisa L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Self-perceptions of memory problems may impact older adults’ mood as well as their activity participation, thereby negatively affecting health and well-being. We examined within-person associations among self-reported memory, depressive symptoms, as well as physical, social, and cognitive activity participation in older adults without cognitive impairment.

Research Design and Methods
Samples were drawn from the Einstein Aging Study (EAS), National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP), and Minority Aging Research Study (MARS), with over 8,000 participants (65+ years) included across data sets. In a series of coordinated analyses, multilevel structural equation modeling was used to examine within-person relationships over periods of up to 20 years.

Results
Across EAS, NHATS, and MAP/MARS samples, we found that older adults’ self-perceptions of memory did not directly covary with activity participation over time. However, we did find an indirect association in NHATS such that within-person changes in depressive symptoms were associated with changes in self-reported memory, and these contributed to lower physical as well as social activity participation.

Discussion and Implications
Older adults’ activity participation is important for health, but maximizing engagement requires understanding potentially impeding factors. We found some evidence that as self-perceptions of memory change over time, associated depressive symptoms may contribute to lower activity participation. Inconsistent findings across data sets, however, suggest future research is needed to understand individual characteristics that may influence these relationships.
Experimental studies on the mechanism of seismoelectric logging while drilling with multipole source
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhu Zhenya , Guan Wei , Gao Yongxin , Wu Xiaorong 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYWhen a seismic wave propagates in a fluid-saturated porous medium, a relative movement forms between the solid and the fluid and induces an electric current due to the electronic double layer. As a result, two kinds of seismoelectric coupling responses are generated in this procedure: the localized electric/magnetic field and interfacial electromagnetic wavefield. One important potential application of these two seismoelectric conversions is used for measuring formation P and S waves in well logging. Considering that the strong collar wave seriously affects the velocity measurements of formation P and S waves in current acoustic logging while drilling (LWD), the seismoelectric LWD method, which combines seismoelectric conversion and acoustic LWD technique, was suggested to be a novel method in oil and gas exploration. The collar wave cannot induce any seismoelectric signal on the metal collar since there is no double layer formed on a metal surface. In this paper, acoustic and seismoelectric LWD measurements are conducted in the laboratory. We build a scaled multipole acoustic LWD tool to conduct acoustic measurements in a water tank and a sandstone borehole model. We also build a multipole seismoelectric LWD tool and record the seismoelectric signals induced with the same acoustic source. Then, we compare the recorded acoustic and seismoelectric signals by using the experimental data. The result indicates that the apparent velocities of seismoelectric signals are equal to the formation P- and S-wave velocities and the collar waves do not induce any visible electric signal in the full waveforms. We further analyse the mechanism of seismoelectric LWD by a quantitative comparison of the amplitudes between the inner collar wave and outer collar wave. The results show that the amplitude of outer collar wave decreases significantly when it radiates out of the tool, so that the seismoelectric signals induced by collar waves are too weak to be distinguished in the full waveforms of seismoelectric LWD measurements. Thus, the formation P- and S-wave velocities are detected accurately from the recorded seismoelectric LWD data. These results verify the feasibility of the seismoelectric LWD method for measuring acoustic velocities of the borehole formation.
Retrospective short-term forecasting experiment in Italy based on the occurrence of strong (fore) shocks
Authors: Gasperini P , Biondini E , Lolli B , Petruccelli A , Vannucci G 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYIn a recent work, we computed the relative frequencies with which strong shocks (4.0 ≤ Mw &lt; 5.0), widely felt by the population were followed in the same area by potentially destructive main shocks (Mw ≥ 5.0) in Italy. Assuming the stationarity of the seismic release properties, such frequencies can be tentatively used to estimate the probabilities of potentially destructive shocks after the occurrence of future strong shocks. This allows us to set up an alarm-based forecasting hypothesis related to strong foreshocks occurrence. Such hypothesis is tested retrospectively on the data of a homogenized seismic catalogue of the Italian area against a purely random hypothesis that simply forecasts the target main shocks proportionally to the space–time fraction occupied by the alarms. We compute the latter fraction in two ways (i) as the ratio between the average time covered by the alarms in each area and the total duration of the forecasting experiment (60 yr) and (ii) as the same ratio but weighted by the past frequency of occurrence of earthquakes in each area. In both cases the overall retrospective performance of our forecasting algorithm is definitely better than the random case. Considering an alarm duration of three months, the algorithm retrospectively forecasts more than 70 per cent of all shocks with Mw ≥ 5.5 occurred in Italy from 1960 to 2019 with a total space–time fraction covered by the alarms of the order of 2 per cent. Considering the same space–time coverage, the algorithm is also able to retrospectively forecasts more than 40 per cent of the first main shocks with Mw ≥ 5.5 of the seismic sequences occurred in the same time interval. Given the good reliability of our results, the forecasting algorithm is set and ready to be tested also prospectively, in parallel to other ongoing procedures operating on the Italian territory.
Valve sparing neoaortic root replacement following a Norwood type reconstruction of the aorta
Authors: Sames-Dolzer Eva , Kreuzer Michaela , Ratschiller Thomas , Mair Roland , Gierlinger Gregor , Mair Rudolf 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A neoaortic aneurysm after a Norwood type reconstruction of the aorta can develop due to systemic pressure on the former pulmonary artery wall. A complex valve sparing procedure can preserve native valves and avoid a valve replacement with requirement for anticoagulation. This type of operation was carried out in 3 patients, 2 of them after a Fontan palliation, 1 after a Norwood–Rastelli repair. The reconstruction was done using Dacron prostheses for the replacement of the dilated wall, similar to a Yacoub modification in 2 cases and to a David’s modification in 1 patient. The postoperative course was uneventful and postoperative valve function was good in all cases.
Immune Responses to Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Challenges and Opportunities With Respect to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Russell Michael W 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility frequently develop after female genital tract infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but determining their etiology from among various possibilities presents difficulties. Exploitation of serology to identify the causative agent is complicated by numerous factors, and no immunological test currently exists to determine unequivocally whether an individual currently is, or has been, infected with N. gonorrhoeae. The extensive antigenic variability of N. gonorrhoeae and its expression of antigens shared with other Neisseria species commonly carried in humans render problematic an assay that is specific for all gonococcal strains. However, novel conserved gonococcal antigens identified for potential vaccines may find additional application in diagnostic assays. N. gonorrhoeae also interferes with the adaptive immune response, and antibody responses to uncomplicated infection are usually weak. Elucidating the mechanisms whereby N. gonorrhoeae manipulates the human immune system may lead to improved understanding of the pathogenesis of pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility.
Exposure Route Affects the Toxicity Class of Thiamethoxam for the Predatory Bug, Orius albidipennis (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) by Changing Its Fitness
Authors: Mahmoudi-Dehpahni Baharak , Alizadeh Marzieh , Pourian Hamid-Reza 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In many cases, pesticides’ side effects on natural enemies have closely related to their exposure route. We assessed long-term lethal and sublethal effects of thiamethoxam (TMX) on the predatory bug, Orius albidipennis (Reuter), fed on Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), through three exposure routes. First-instar nymphs were treated with the maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), ½ MFRC, and ¼ MFRC of TMX for 24 h. Based on the results, the soil-application treatment (bottom-up effect: plant-aphid-predator) led to the lowest survival reduction. In contrast, leaf-dip (residual contact) and aphid-dip (oral exposure route) treatments decreased the survival severely. While the soil-application treatment had no significant effect on adult longevity and egg production, all tested concentrations of TMX in the leaf-dip and aphid-dip treatments negatively affected both traits. The egg hatchability was not affected by the insecticide in all exposure routes. Among all treatments, ¼ MFRC of TMX in the residual contact and oral treatments shortened the egg incubation period compared to control, but others failed to affect it. Finally, based on the criteria provided by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC) regarding toxicity classification, systemic (soil) application of TMX was harmless for this predator. However, it was moderately harmful and harmful (depending on concentration) to the predator through the residual contact and oral exposures, even at ¼ MFRC. Given our results, the soil-application of TMX is compatible with O. albidipennis, and it can improve conservation approaches of the predator in the integrated management of A. gossypii.
Local structure analysis of amorphous materials by angstrom-beam electron diffraction
Authors: Hirata Akihiko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The structure analysis of amorphous materials still leaves much room for improvement. Owing to the lack of translational or rotational symmetry of amorphous materials, it is important to develop a different approach from that used for crystals for the structure analysis of amorphous materials. Here, the angstrom-beam electron diffraction method was used to obtain the local structure information of amorphous materials at a sub-nanometre scale. In addition, we discussed the relationship between the global and local diffraction intensities of amorphous structures, and verified the effectiveness of the proposed method through basic diffraction simulations. Finally, some applications of the proposed method to structural and functional amorphous materials are summarized.