bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is embryo abortion a post‐zygotic barrier to gene flow between Littorina ecotypes?
Authors: Johannesson Kerstin , Zagrodzka Zuzanna , Faria Rui , Marie Westram Anja , Butlin Roger K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGenetic incompatibilities contribute to reproductive isolation between many diverging populations, but it is still unclear to what extent they play a role if divergence happens with gene flow. In contact zones between the "Crab" and "Wave" ecotypes of the snail Littorina saxatilis, divergent selection forms strong barriers to gene flow, while the role of post‐zygotic barriers due to selection against hybrids remains unclear. High embryo abortion rates in this species could indicate the presence of such barriers. Post‐zygotic barriers might include genetic incompatibilities (e.g. Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibilities) but also maladaptation, both expected to be most pronounced in contact zones. In addition, embryo abortion might reflect physiological stress on females and embryos independent of any genetic stress. We examined all embryos of >500 females sampled outside and inside contact zones of three populations in Sweden. Females' clutch size ranged from 0 to 1,011 embryos (mean 130 ± 123), and abortion rates varied between 0% and 100% (mean 12%). We described female genotypes by using a hybrid index based on hundreds of SNPs differentiated between ecotypes with which we characterized female genotypes. We also calculated female SNP heterozygosity and inversion karyotype. Clutch size did not vary with female hybrid index, and abortion rates were only weakly related to hybrid index in two sites but not at all in a third site. No additional variation in abortion rate was explained by female SNP heterozygosity, but increased female inversion heterozygosity added slightly to increased abortion. Our results show only weak and probably biologically insignificant post‐zygotic barriers contributing to ecotype divergence, and the high and variable abortion rates were marginally, if at all, explained by hybrid index of females.
Use of grape pomace in formulated feed for the rainbow trout fry, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)
Authors: Peña Emyr , Badillo‐Zapata Daniel , Viana María T. , Correa‐Reyes Gabriel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTwo different experiments with rainbow trout fry were carried out to evaluate the effect of different grape pomace (GP) levels in feed on growth performance and apparent digestibility. The first experiment used 0, 20, 40, and 60 g kg−1 GP (D0, D2, D4, and D6, respectively); the second experiment used 0, 60, 120, and 180 g kg−1 GP (D0, D6, D12, and D18, respectively). Total polyphenols in the diet ranged from 0 to 8.19 mg g−1 in D0–D18. At the end of the first and second experiments (83 days and 77 days, respectively), no significant differences in fish growth were observed between the different diets. On the other hand, feed containing up to 2.7 mg g−1 total polyphenols (D6) showed a significantly higher digestibility relative to feed with more than 5.5 mg g−1 total polyphenols (D12). Our findings suggest that the inclusion of GP at levels of up to 18% in feed for Oncorhynchus mykiss fry did not affect growth parameters. However, it did influence apparent digestibility; fry that consumed diet D6 showed benefits in terms of nutrient digestibility and feed conversion efficiency.
Should we use kidneys from donors with acute kidney injury for renal transplantation?
Authors: Chan Gordon C.‐K. , Chow Kai Ming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe scarcity of donor organs for transplant results in long waiting times for kidney transplantation and low transplant rate worldwide. Utilization of kidneys from donors with acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the strategies that has attracted attention recently. This article reviewed the outcomes of transplanted renal allografts from donors with acute kidney injury. Key findings about the transplant outcomes included a higher incidence of delayed graft function and primary non function, but respectable outcomes in the context of similar acute rejection rates, and graft function and graft survival. Against this background and with evidence of high mortality for patients remaining on waiting list of transplant, we advocate consideration of AKI donors for kidney transplantation.
Mediating role of cognition and social cognition on creativity among patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls: Revisiting the Shared Vulnerability Model
Authors: Sampedro Agurne , Peña Javier , Ibarretxe‐Bilbao Naroa , Sánchez Pedro , Iriarte‐Yoller Nagore , Ledesma‐González Sara , Tous‐Espelosin Mikel , Ojeda Natalia 
Published: November 2019

AimAs suggested by the Shared Vulnerability Model, impairment in executive functions could lead to worse creative performance among individuals with schizophrenia. Another impaired function in schizophrenia, previously related to creativity in healthy people, is theory of mind. However, little is known about the effect of theory of mind in creativity in schizophrenia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze differences in creativity among patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls (HC) and to explore the potential role of executive functions and theory of mind as mediators of this relation.MethodsForty‐five patients with schizophrenia and 45 HC underwent a neuropsychological assessment, including executive functions (cognitive flexibility and working memory), theory of mind, and verbal and figural creativity.ResultsAs expected, patients with schizophrenia obtained lower scores in creativity, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and theory of mind compared to HC. Path analysis showed that theory of mind mediated the relation between group (schizophrenia or HC) and both figural (Z = 2.075, P = 0.037) and verbal creativity (Z = 2.570, P = 0.010). Working memory mediated the relation between group and figural creativity (Z = 2.034, P = 0.041) and was marginally significant for verbal creativity (Z = 1.930, P = 0.053). Finally, cognitive flexibility mediated between group and figural creativity (Z = 2.454, P = 0.014).ConclusionResults suggest that the lower performance in creativity among patients with schizophrenia was partly due to an impairment in executive functions and theory of mind. The involvement of theory of mind opens up a new field of research as a possible risk factor in the Shared Vulnerability Model.
Association of Religious Activity with Male Suicide Deaths
Authors: de la Vega Sánchez Diego , Guija Julio A. , Pérez‐Moreno Pedro , Kelly Samuel A. , Santos María , Oquendo María A. , Courtet Philippe , Giner José , Giner Lucas 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between suicide in men and stratified measures of religiosity.MethodsWe studied 192 suicides and 81 controls (nonsuicide, sudden, or accidental death). We employed the psychological autopsy method to compile diagnoses based on DSM‐IV criteria. Overall, religiosity and participation in religious associations were determined using a Likert‐type scale. Given the limited participation of women in the religious associations of southern Spain, only male subjects were included.ResultsReligious participants had decreased risk of suicide compared to nonparticipants (OR = 0.148, 95% CI = 0.049–0.447). This lower risk was further associated with the degree of involvement in religious activity. Suicides accounted for 73.47% of subjects with no religious participation, 61.17% of those with some participation, and 56.52% of frequent participants (linear trend test Z = −2.0329, p = .042). Membership in a religious association was also associated with a lower rate of suicide compared to nonmembers (OR = 0.356, 95% CI = 0.172–0.736). This effect was similarly associated with the degree of involvement in the association. Suicides accounted for 74.67% of subjects who never participated in the activities of a religious association, 69.23% of those who sometimes participated, and 42.86% of frequent participants (linear trend test Z = −3.4082, p < .001).ConclusionsReligiosity, either as general participation or through a religious association, was associated with protection against suicide proportional to the degree of involvement in religious activities.
TRANSFORMATION AND THE WAKING BODY: A RETURN TO TRUTH VIA OUR BODIES
Authors: Beharrell William H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article considers the kind of knowledge that is constituted through embodied sensory perception and makes the case for a form of knowledge that is embodied, relational, and potentially transformational. Such knowledge is encountered through our physiological senses and cultivated by reestablishing connections to our bodies. The discussion starts by exploring the literature on sensory perception and interoception and moves on to the role of human agency, which is implicit in the idea of top‐down causation. It is argued that this process can be explained by a top‐down predictive model within which a sense of greater interoceptive accuracy may be cultivated while reducing interoceptive perturbation. The roles of active and perceptual inference are discussed with regard to the regulatory opportunities that these types of attention yield. By being more interoceptively aware, through a practice of contemplation, it is argued, we open ourselves to an encounter with divine presence that is immanent in the world around us.
SCIENCE, RELIGION, AND ITALY'S SEVENTEENTH‐CENTURY DECLINE: FROM FRANCESCO DE SANCTIS TO BENEDETTO CROCE
Authors: Tarrant Neil 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHistorians have often argued that from the mid‐sixteenth century onward Italian science began to decline. This development is often attributed to the actions of the so‐called Counter‐Reformation Church, which had grown increasingly intolerant of novel ideas. In this article, I argue that this interpretation of the history of science is derived from an Italian liberal historiographical tradition, which linked the history of Italian philosophy to the development of the modern Italian state. I suggest that although historians of science have appropriated parts of this distinctive narrative to underpin their account of Italy's seventeenth‐century scientific decline, they have not always fully appreciated its complexity. In this article, I consider the work of two scholars, Francesco de Sanctis and Benedetto Croce. Both explicitly suggested that although the actions of the Church caused Italy to enter into a period of decline, they in fact argued that science represented one of the few areas in which Italian intellectual life actually continued to thrive.
Using Rio-Paris Flight 447 Crash to Assess Human Error and Failure Propagation Analysis Early in Design
Authors: Irshad Lukman , Onan Demirel H. , Tumer Irem Y. , Brat Guillaume 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
While a majority of system vulnerabilities such as performance losses and accidents are attributed to human errors, a closer inspection would reveal that often times the accumulation of unforeseen events that include both component failures and human errors contribute to such system failures. Human error and functional failure reasoning (HEFFR) is a framework to identify potential human errors, functional failures, and their propagation paths early in design so that systems can be designed to be less prone to vulnerabilities. In this paper, the application of HEFFR within the complex engineering system domain is demonstrated through the modeling of the Air France 447 crash. Then, the failure prediction algorithm is validated by comparing the outputs from HEFFR and what happened in the actual crash. Also, two additional fault scenarios are executed within HEFFR and in a commercially available flight simulator separately, and the outcomes are compared as a supplementary validation.
Maternal glycemic parameters and adverse pregnancy outcomes among high-risk pregnant women
Authors: Zheng Yanwei , Shen Yun , Jiang Susu , Ma Xiaojing , Hu Jiangshan , Li Changbin , Huang Yajuan , Teng Yincheng , Bao Yuqian , Zhou Jian , Hu Gang , Tao Minfang 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association between maternal glycemic parameters and adverse pregnancy outcomes among high-risk pregnant women.Research design and methodsA total of 1976 high-risk pregnant women were enrolled between 2015 and 2017. All participants received a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test during the 24–30 gestational weeks and complete birth and delivery information was collected. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were defined as premature birth, birth weight >90th percentile, primary cesarean section, and pre-eclampsia. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between five maternal glycemic parameters during pregnancy (fasting glucose, 1-hour glucose, 2-hour glucose, HbA1c, and serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG)) and adverse pregnancy outcomes.ResultsOf 1976 participants, 498 were diagnosed with gestational diabetes. The multivariable-adjusted ORs of adverse pregnancy outcomes for each one unit increase (1 mmol/L, 1%, or 1 µg/mL) were 2.32 (95% CI 1.85 to 2.92) for fasting glucose, 1.07 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.15) for 1-hour glucose, 1.03 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.10) for 2-hour glucose, 1.77 (95% CI 1.34 to 2.33) for HbA1c, and 0.96 (95% CI 0.94 to 0.98) for 1,5-AG, respectively. When all five glycemic parameters were simultaneously entered into the multivariable-adjusted model, only fasting glucose was significantly associated with total and individual adverse pregnancy outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that fasting glucose plus any one of other four glycemic parameters had significantly enhanced the sensitivity of detecting adverse pregnancy outcomes.ConclusionsFasting glucose at 24–30 gestational weeks was strongly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Fasting glucose combined with one additional glycemic measurement showed non-inferiority indicating that post-load glycemic measurement was not necessary in detecting adverse pregnancy outcomes among high-risk pregnant women.
Mortality of Japanese Olympic athletes: 1952–2017 cohort study
Authors: Takeuchi Taro , Kitamura Yuri , Sado Junya , Hattori Satoshi , Kanemura Yumiko , Naito Yoshihiko , Nakajima Kohei , Okuwaki Toru , Nakata Ken , Kawahara Takashi , Sobue Tomotaka 
Published: November 2019

AimTo evaluate mortality among Japanese Olympic athletes compared with the general population and also evaluate their mortality based on total number of Olympics participation and intensity of sports disciplines.MethodsInformation on biography, vital status, date of birth, date of death and latest follow-up date on Japanese Olympians was retrieved from six online databases and compared. Standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was estimated according to observation periods and years from last participation in the Olympics. To further evaluate the association between mortality and total number of Olympics participation/intensity of sports disciplines within the study population, rate ratios (RRs) adjusted by sex, observation period and attained age group were estimated by a Poisson regression model.ResultsA total of 3381 Olympians were included in the analysis. The total person years was 94 076.82. The deaths of 153 (4.53%) Olympians were confirmed, and the overall SMR was 0.29 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.34). SMRs categorised by years from last participation did not differ significantly. Higher mortality was observed among those who participated in the Olympics twice (RR: 1.52; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.23) and three times or more (RR: 1.87; 95% CI, 1.08 to 3.25) compared with those who participated just once. Compared with combination of low static and low dynamic intensity category, higher mortality was observed in most combinations of middle-intensity or high-intensity categories.ConclusionJapanese Olympians lived longer than the general population. More frequent participation in the Olympics and higher intensity of sports disciplines were associated with higher mortality.
First use of cenerimod, a selective S1P1receptor modulator, for the treatment of SLE: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study
Authors: Hermann Viktoria , Batalov Anastas , Smakotina Svetlana , Juif Pierre-Eric , Cornelisse Peter 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and safety of cenerimod—a potent, oral, selective sphingosine 1-phosphate 1 receptor modulator—in patients with SLE.MethodsThis multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in two parts. In part A, patients with SLE were randomised 1:1:1:1 to receive oral cenerimod 0.5, 1 or 2 mg, or placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Following an interim safety review of part A, additional patients were randomised 3:1 for part B and received cenerimod 4 mg or placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Endpoints included changes in total lymphocyte count, SLE Disease Activity Index-2000 (SLEDAI-2K) score (modified (mSLEDAI-2K) to exclude leucopenia), biomarker anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies, pharmacokinetic assessments and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).ResultsPart A included 49 patients (1:1:1:1 receiving cenerimod 0.5, 1 or 2 mg, or placebo) and part B included 18 patients (13 cenerimod; 5 placebo). Cenerimod caused a statistically significant dose-dependent reduction in total lymphocyte count from baseline to end of treatment (EOT). Compared with placebo at EOT, cenerimod 4 mg had an estimated treatment effect on change from baseline in mSLEDAI-2K score of −2.420 (p=0.0306), and on anti-dsDNA antibodies of −64.55 U/mL (p=0.0082), suggesting clinical and biological improvement in these exploratory efficacy analyses. Trough plasma concentrations were dose proportional and reached steady-state conditions after 4 weeks of once daily dosing. All groups reported similar, non-dose-related frequencies of TEAEs (cenerimod 0.5 mg: 41.7%; 1 mg: 41.7%; 2 mg: 46.2%; 4 mg: 38.5% and placebo: 58.8%). A small, dose-related, non-clinically relevant decrease in heart rate was only observed in the first 6 hours after initiation.ConclusionsWith an acceptable safety profile, the efficacy findings suggest that cenerimod has the potential to treat patients with SLE. Further investigation in larger patient populations with longer treatment duration is warranted.
Reasons why osteoarthritis predicts mortality: path analysis within a Cox proportional hazards model
Authors: Wilkie Ross , Parmar Simran Singh , Blagojevic-Bucknall Milica , Smith Diane , Thomas Martin J , Seale Bethany Jane , Mansell Gemma , Peat George 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo identify potentially modifiable factors that mediate the association between symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) and premature mortality.MethodsA population-based prospective cohort study; primary care medical record data were linked to self-report information collected by questionnaire in adults aged 50 years and over (n=10 415). OA was defined by primary care consultation and moderate-to-severe pain interference in daily life. A Cox proportional hazards analysis determined the total effect (TE) of OA on mortality after adjustment for potential confounders. Within the Cox model, path analysis was used to decompose the TE to assess the indirect and direct effects for selected potential mediators (anxiety, depression, unrefreshed sleep and walking frequency). Results are expressed as HRs with 95% CIs derived from bootstrap resampling.ResultsOA was significantly associated with mortality (TE-adjusted HR 1.14; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.29). The indirect effects for walking frequency were 1.05 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.06), depression 1.02 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.03), anxiety 1.01 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.02) and unrefreshed sleep 1.01 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.01).ConclusionsThe analysis indicates that encouraging people to walk and ‘get out and about’ in addition to targeting OA could be protective against excessive mortality. The findings also suggest that depression, anxiety and unrefreshed sleep have a role in premature mortality for people with OA; however, this has low clinical significance.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and risk of cancer before and after the introduction of biological therapies
Authors: Horne AnnaCarin , Delcoigne Bénédicte , Palmblad Karin , Askling Johan 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe risk of cancer, including any secular trends in risk, in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is incompletely understood.MethodsWe performed a register-based cohort study of patients with JIA from 2001 until 2017, identified via the Swedish Patient Register. Patients with JIA were matched to five population reference subjects. Patients and referents were followed up for incident cancers (via linkage to the Swedish Cancer Register) until 18 years of age or 31 December 2016.ResultsAmong the 6721 patients with JIA, we observed 10 incident malignancies (5 lymphoproliferative cancers) during 34 951 person-years of follow-up, corresponding to an excess incidence of 0.09 cancers per 1000 person-years (one extra case per 11 000 patients per year), an HR for cancer (all sites) of 1.4 (95% CI 0.7 to 2.9) and an HR for lymphoproliferative malignancies of 3.6 (95% CI 1.1 to 11.2). The rates of cancer in JIA did not increase over the study period. We noted no differences in the excess risk comparing periods before and after the introduction of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs).DiscussionChildren and adolescents with JIA are at a slightly increased risk of lymphoproliferative (but not of other) malignancies. At the group level, there is no sign that this risk has increased further after the introduction of bDMARDs.
Slow-roll versus stochastic slow-roll inflation
Authors: Haba Z. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe consider the classical wave equation with a thermal and Starobinsky–Vilenkin noise which in the slow-roll and long wave approximation describes the quantum fluctuations of the gravity-inflaton system in an expanding metric. We investigate the resulting consistent stochastic Einstein-Klein-Gordon system in the slow-roll regime. We show in some models that the slow-roll requirements (of the negligence of$$\partial _{t}^{2}\phi $$∂t2ϕ) can be satisfied in the probabilistic sense for the stochastic system with quantum and thermal noise for arbitrarily large time and an infinite range of fields. We calculate expectation values of some inflationary variables taking into account quantum and thermal noise. We show that the mean acceleration$$\langle \partial _{t}^{2}a\rangle $$⟨∂t2a⟩can be negative or positive (depending on the model) when the random fields take values beyond the classical range of inflation.
All idempotent and regular elements in the monoid of generalized hypersubstitutions for algebraic systems of type (2; 2)
Authors: Phusanga D. , Joomwong J. , Jino S. , Koppitz J. 
Published: November 2019

There are two different concepts for hypersubstitutions for algebraic systems [K. Denecke and D. Phusanga, Hyperformulas and solid algebraic systems, Studia Logica 90(2) (2008) 263–286; J. Koppitz and D. Phusanga, The monoid of hypersubstitutions for algebraic systems, J. Announcements Union Sci. Sliven 33(1) (2018) 120–127]. In this paper, we follow the more natural and practicable one given in [J. Koppitz and D. Phusanga, The monoid of hypersubstitutions for algebraic systems, J. Announcements Union Sci. Sliven 33(1) (2018) 120–127]. On the other hand, in [S. Leeratanavalee and K. Denecke, Generalized hypersubstitutions and strongly solid varieties, General Algebra and Applications, Proc. of 59th Workshop on General Algebra; 15th Conf. for Young Algebraists Potsdam 2000 (Shaker Verlag, 2000), pp. 135–145], the concept of the monoid of generalized hypersubstitutions was introduced. Following both ideas, one obtains the concept of a monoid of generalized hypersubstitutions for algebraic systems in a canonical way. The purpose of this paper is the study of the monoid of generalized hypersubstitutions for algebraic systems. We characterize the idempotent as well as regular elements in this monoid.