bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new rheophilic South American darter (Crenuchidae: Characidium) from the rio Juruena basin, Brazil, with comments on morphological adaptations to life in fast‐flowing waters
Authors: Zanata Angela M. , Ohara Willian M. , Oyakawa Osvaldo T. , Dagosta Fernando C. P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCharacidium iaquira, a new species from the upper rio Juruena, rio Tapajós basin, Brazil, is described. The new species can be promptly distinguished from all congeners by having a unique v‐shaped dark mark lying along the caudal‐fin extension, in medium‐ and large‐sized specimens, and a remarkable iridescent green colouration in life. Characidium iaquira is closely related to Characidium crandellii and Characidium declivirostre by sharing unambiguous synapomorphies such as branchiostegal membranes united to each other across the isthmus, a scaleless area extending from the isthmus to the pectoral girdle, and dermal flaps surrounding anterior and posterior naris independent, but touching each other distally. Morphological specializations of the paired fins in the three riffle‐dwellers species are discussed, including the wing‐like shape, robustness, and inclination of the pectoral fin.
Survival of Cast Gold and Ceramic Onlays Placed in a School of Dentistry: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Irusa Karina , Al‐rawi Bassam , Donovan Terrence , Alraheam Islam Abd 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study was done to compare the survival rates of cast gold and ceramic onlays placed in a dental school setting.Material and MethodsAn electronic search was conducted in the patient records at Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for onlay codes that were in the database (From 1998 until 2018). Progress notes and radiographs were scrutinized to establish the survival time of the restorations. Any complications that occurred during the life time of the restorations were noted. The survival was summarized by categorization based on ranges of survival time in years; group 1: 1 to 5 years, group 2: 6 to 22 years. The mean survival time and standard deviation were calculated. One‐way ANOVA was used to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference in the survival times between gold and ceramic onlays.ResultsThe mean survival rate of cast gold onlays (86.6%) was comparable to that of ceramic onlays (81.1%). The gold onlays in Group 1 had a higher mean survival time (2.43 years) than the ceramic onlays (2.03 years). This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002). The ceramic onlays in Group 2 had a mean survival time of 19.75 years while gold onlays had a mean survival time of 17.63 years. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.91).ConclusionIt was concluded that while the survival rate of ceramic onlays (81.1%) was inferior to that of cast gold onlays (86.6%), it was comparable
Placement of ureteral stents in three rabbits for the treatment of obstructive ureterolithiasis
Authors: Rembeaux H. , Langlois I. , Burdick S. , McCleery B. , Dunn M. 
Published: August 2020

Management of ureteral obstruction with stenting is often associated with a lower rate of complications than ureterotomy in domestic carnivores, but this treatment has not been previously evaluated in rabbits. Three rabbits (7, 6 and 10 years old) were diagnosed with unilateral obstructive ureterolithiasis associated with hydronephrosis and hydroureter on abdominal ultrasound. Decreased overall renal function was confirmed in all three cases. Ureteral stents were placed retrogradely via cystotomy without complication in two cases and anterogradely via nephrostomy in the third case. Survival after stent placement was 30, 3 and 8 months, with encrustation of the stent and re‐obstruction occurring 18, 1 and 6 months after stent placement in successive cases. Ureteral stenting can be considered for short‐term management of ureterolithiasis in rabbits to improve renal function and maintain quality of life. Ultrasound or radiographic monitoring is recommended to detect encrustation of the stent. Studies comparing ureteral stenting to ureterotomy in rabbits are needed to determine the effectiveness of these techniques.
Low concordance of short‐term and long‐term selection responses in experimental Drosophila populations
Authors: Langmüller Anna Maria , Schlötterer Christian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExperimental evolution is becoming a popular approach to study the genomic selection response of evolving populations. Computer simulation studies suggest that the accuracy of the signature increases with the duration of the experiment. Since some assumptions of the computer simulations may be violated, it is important to scrutinize the influence of the experimental duration with real data. Here, we use a highly replicated Evolve and Resequence study in Drosophila simulans to compare the selection targets inferred at different time points. At each time point, approximately the same number of SNPs deviates from neutral expectations, but only 10% of the selected haplotype blocks identified from the full data set can be detected after 20 generations. Those haplotype blocks that emerge already after 20 generations differ from the others by being strongly selected at the beginning of the experiment and display a more parallel selection response. Consistent with previous computer simulations, our results demonstrate that only Evolve and Resequence experiments with a sufficient number of generations can characterize complex adaptive architectures.
Rapid evolutionary changes in gene expression in response to climate fluctuations
Authors: Hamann Elena , Pauli Christopher S. , Joly‐Lopez Zoé , Groen Simon C. , Rest Joshua S. , Kane Nolan C. , Purugganan Michael D. , Franks Steven J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is now abundant evidence of rapid evolution in natural populations, but the genetic mechanisms of these changes remain unclear. One possible route to rapid evolution is through changes in the expression of genes that influence traits under selection. We examined contemporary evolutionary gene expression changes in plant populations responding to environmental fluctuations. We compared genome‐wide gene expression, using RNA‐seq, in two populations of Brassica rapa collected over four time points between 1997 and 2014, during which precipitation in southern California fluctuated dramatically and phenotypic and genotypic changes occurred. By combining transcriptome profiling with the resurrection approach, we directly examined evolutionary changes in gene expression over time. For both populations, we found a substantial number of differentially expressed genes between generations, indicating rapid evolution in the expression of many genes. Using existing gene annotations, we found that many changes occurred in genes involved in regulating stress responses and flowering time. These appeared related to the fluctuations in precipitation and were potentially adaptive. However, the evolutionary changes in gene expression differed across generations within and between populations, indicating largely independent evolutionary trajectories across populations and over time. Our study provides strong evidence for rapid evolution in gene expression, and indicates that changes in gene expression can be one mechanism of rapid evolutionary responses to selection episodes. This study also illustrates that combining resurrection studies with transcriptomics is a powerful approach for investigating evolutionary changes at the gene regulatory level, and will provide new insights into the genetic basis of contemporary evolution.
The roles of climate, geography and natural selection as drivers of genetic and phenotypic differentiation in a widespread amphibian Hyla annectans (Anura: Hylidae)
Authors: Wei Shichao , Li Zitong , Momigliano Paolo , Fu Chao , Wu Hua , Merilä Juha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe role of geological events and Pleistocene climatic fluctuations as drivers of current patterns of genetic variation in extant species has been a topic of continued interest among evolutionary biologists. Nevertheless, comprehensive studies of widely distributed species are still rare, especially from Asia. Using geographically extensive sampling of many individuals and a large number of nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we studied the phylogeography and historical demography of Hyla annectans populations in southern China. Thirty‐five sampled populations were grouped into seven clearly defined genetic clusters that closely match phenotype‐based subspecies classification. These lineages diverged 2.32–5.23 million years ago (Ma), a timing that closely aligns with the rapid and drastic uplifting of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau and adjacent southwest China. Demographic analyses and species distribution models indicate that different populations of this species have responded differently to past climatic changes. In the Hengduan Mountains, most populations experienced a bottleneck, whereas the populations located outside of the Hengduan Mountains have gradually declined in size since the end of the last glaciation. In addition, the levels of phenotypic and genetic divergence were strongly correlated across major clades. These results highlight the combined effects of geological events and past climatic fluctuations, as well as natural selection, as drivers of contemporary patterns of genetic and phenotypic variation in a widely distributed anuran in Asia.
Long non‐coding RNA TUG1 participates in LPS‐induced periodontitis by regulating miR‐498/RORA pathway
Authors: Huang Nannan , Li Chanxiu , Sun Wenjuan , Wu Jian , Xiao Feng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThis study was aimed to investigate the role of TUG1 in LPS‐stimulated hPDLCs and to evaluate the potential functions of TUG1 in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.MethodsLPS‐stimulated hPDLCs were established as the cell model. CCK‐8 assay was performed to assess cell proliferation ability. Flow cytometry was performed to detect cell cycle distribution, and quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blotting were conducted to measure gene expressions. ELISA kits were used to evaluate the production of inflammatory cytokines. The putative binding site between TUG1 and miR‐498 was verified using luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays.ResultsTUG1 was downregulated upon LPS stimulation in hPDLCs. TUG1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation through regulating the cell cycle distribution, along with the decreased expression of p21 and increased expression of CDK2 and cyclin D1. Besides, TUG1 overexpression decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines. The effects were opposite upon TUG1 knockdown. TUG1 negatively regulated its target miR‐498, and influenced the expression of RORA, the direct target of miR‐498. Simultaneous TUG1 overexpression and miR‐498 reversed the effect of TUG1 overexpression alone on alleviating LPS‐induced cell injury and inhibition of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, which was further changeover after co‐overexpression with RORA.ConclusionTherefore, TUG1 could protect against periodontitis via regulating miR‐498/RORA mediated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling.
Insights into the toll‐like receptors in sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Yadav Sonal , Verma Vivek , Singh Dhanda Rakesh , Yadav Manisha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractToll‐like receptors (TLRs) are like soldiers of an innate immune system, which protects vital biological processes against invading pathogens. TLR signalling pathways help in the removal of pathogens and mediate well‐established inflammatory processes. However, these processes may also aid in the development or augmentation of an infection or an autoimmune disease. Recent studies have delineated TLR polymorphism's role in the loss of function, making hosts more resistant or vulnerable to the development of an infection. In this review, we have discussed the association of TLRs with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), especially to the pathogen‐specific ligands. We have also assessed the impact on TLR downstream signalling and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis during immune responses. Besides, we have discussed the role of TLRs single nucleotide polymorphisms in various STIs. Since TLRs are known to play a part in defence mechanisms and in aiding infections therefore, a thorough understanding of TLRs structure and molecular mechanisms is required to explain how they can influence the outcome of an STI. Such a strategy may lead to the development of novel and useful immunotherapeutic approaches to control pathogen progression and prevent transmission.
Productivity of core infrastructure investment in China: An input–output approach
Authors: Wang Zhifeng , Wu Guiying Laura , Feng Qu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the productivity effect of two categories of core infrastructure investment in China, by matching a panel of manufacturing firm‐level production data with province‐level infrastructure investment data. Cross‐industry variation in infrastructure reliance using input–output table information is employed to address potential endogeneity issues. We find that firms in an industry that relies more heavily on infrastructure in production experience higher productivity growth from more infrastructure investment. On average, the annual rate of return to core infrastructure investment in China is about 23% during 1998–2007.
Sensitivity Analysis of N Undistinguishable Photovoltaic Thermal Compound-Parabolic-Concentrator Collectors (Partly Covered, 50%) Integrated Single-Slope Solar Distiller Unit
Authors: Singh Desh B. , Bansal Gagan , Prasad Haridwar , Mallick Ashis , Kumar Navneet , Sharma Sanjeev K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the current research, the sensitivity analysis of N alike in parts covered photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator collectors integrated single-slope solar distiller unit is performed and examined. The analysis is done using computational programming in matlab (month: May and location: New Delhi). The parametric values of potable water and DC electric power outputs have been figured for different values of mass flow rate (MFR), number of collectors (N), packing factor (PF), and water depth (WD). Elaborative observations says that the value of potable water output declines and DC electric power output increases with the increase in MFR for the considered values of N, PF, and WD. Also the values of DC electric power increases by 81.63% if packing factor is increased from 0.4 to 0.6 for the considered values of MFR, N, and WD. Based on the results of all the analysis, sensible and effective conclusions are made.
Assessment of Performance of Tesla Turbine in Water Distribution Systems for Energy Harvesting
Authors: Hadi Fatemeh , Yang Haoping , Traum Matthew J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article composes a systematic design methodology to obtain optimal parameters of the Tesla turbine, which is applicable in water distribution systems, faced with the need to supply power for wireless sensors and other components used in smart water networks and the challenges associated with the feasibility of Tesla turbine in a small scale. The optimal geometric model is sought by using a theoretical model relating turbine physical properties and flow conditions to power output by solving Navier–Stokes equations for steady laminar incompressible flow between adjacent disks. The model shows that the proposed design with dimensions and flow conditions relevant to water pipe networks can achieve a power output of 1.55 mW using a 2.5-cm diameter turbine given a pressure difference of 140 Pa. At 70 Pa using a 1-cm diameter turbine, a power output of 0.17 mW can be obtained. This study shows a great potential in application of Tesla turbine for energy harvesting in water distribution systems.
Numerical Modeling and Simulation of a Volumetric Resistance Blower Using Porous Rotor
Authors: Girhe Sanket , Cardenas Ruander , MacDonald Mark , Bhattacharya Anandaroop 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an experimentally validated modeling methodology for a new type of blower design known as volumetric resistance blower (VRB). It replaces the traditional centrifugal blower fan blades with a continuous porous medium disk and has been reported to be capable of providing a lower acoustic noise for the same output flow compared to a traditional blower. A three-dimensional transient numerical model of VRB is developed which incorporates the movement of a porous rotor using experimentally determined foam parameters to characterize the porous drag effect and a sliding mesh to simulate the rotation effect. The numerical results are validated with experimentally determined fan curve over broad range of operating conditions. The effect of the foam resistance parameters on the flow characteristics is investigated which serves the rationale for the optimization of these parameters. The model is used to study the sensitivity of the VRB performance to foam parameters using different types of commercially available open-cell reticulated foam.
Acute subdural hematomas secondary to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage confer poor prognosis: a national perspective
Authors: Kaur Gurmeen , Dakay Katarina , Sursal Tolga , Pisapia Jared , Bowers Christian , Hanft Simon , Santarelli Justin , Muh Carrie , Gandhi Chirag D , Al-Mufti Fawaz 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundAneurysmal ruptures typically cause subarachnoid bleeding with intraparenchymal and intraventricular extension. However, rare instances of acute aneurysmal ruptures present with concomitant, non-traumatic subdural hemorrhage (SDH). We explored the incidence and difference in outcomes of SDH with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) as compared with aSAH alone.MethodsRetrospective cohort study from 2012 to 2015 from the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) (20% stratified sample of all hospitals in the United States). NIS database (2012 to September 2015) queried to identify all patients presenting with aSAH. From this population, the patients with concomitant SDH were identified.ResultsA total of 10 075 patients with both cerebral aneurysms and aSAH were included. Of these, 335 cases of concomitant SDH and aSAH were identified. There was no significant change in the rate of SDH in aSAH over time. SDH with aSAH patients had a mortality of 24% compared with 12% (p=0.003) in the SAH only group, and only 16% were discharged home vs 37% (p=0.003) in the SAH group.ConclusionsThere is a 3.5% incidence of acute SDH in patients presenting with non-traumatic aSAH. Patients with SDH and aSAH have nearly double the mortality, higher rate of discharge to nursing home and rehabilitation, and a significantly lower rate of discharge to home and return to routine functioning. This information is useful in counseling and prognostication of patients with concomitant SDH and aSAH.
Despite Blocking Doxorubicin-Induced Vascular Damage, Quercetin Ameliorates Its Antibreast Cancer Activity
Authors: Henidi Hanan A. , Al-Abbasi Fahad A. , El-Moselhy Mohamed A. , El-Bassossy Hany M. , Al-Abd Ahmed M. 
Published: August 2020

Quercetin is a naturally occurring flavonol present in many foods. Doxorubicin is an effective anticancer agent despite its dose-limiting cardiovascular toxicity. Herein, we investigated the potential protective effects of quercetin against doxorubicin-induced vascular toxicity and its effect on the therapeutic cytotoxic profile of doxorubicin in breast cancer cell lines. The incubation of isolated aortic rings with doxorubicin produced concentration-dependent exaggeration of vasoconstriction responses to phenylephrine but impaired vasodilation responses to acetylcholine. Coincubation with quercetin completely blocked the exaggerated vasoconstriction responses and the impaired vasodilation. In addition, doxorubicin incubation increased reactive oxygen species generation from the isolated aorta, while coincubation with quercetin inhibited ROS generation back to normal values. On the other hand, quercetin in combination with doxorubicin, doubled the IC50 of doxorubicin alone in MCF-7 cells from

0.4
±
0.03

to

0.8
±
0.06

μM. To a lesser extent, the IC50 of doxorubicin did not change after combination with quercetin in MDA-MB-231 cells. These findings indicate a significant antagonistic interaction between quercetin and doxorubicin in the aforementioned cell lines. Only in T47D cells, quercetin combination with doxorubicin was an additive interaction (

CI
−
value
=
1.17

). Yet, quercetin significantly impaired the immediate phase of intracellular ROS generation by doxorubicin within breast cancer cells from

125.2
±
3.6
%

to

102.5
±
3.9
%

of control cells. Using annexin-V/FITC staining technique, the quercetin/doxorubicin combination showed a significantly lower percent of apoptotic cells compared to doxorubicin alone treated cells. Cell cycle distribution in breast cancer cells was performed using DNA content flowcytometry after propidium iodide staining. Quercetin induced significant accumulation of cells in the S phase as well as in the G2/M phase within both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines and interfered with doxorubicin-induced cell cycle effects. Interestingly, quercetin was found to inhibit the P-glycoprotein ATPase subunit with a consequent enhanced intracellular concentration of doxorubicin in MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells. In conclusion, quercetin, despite its potent vascular protective activity against doxorubicin, was found to influence doxorubicin-induced antibreast cancer effects via pharmacodynamic as well as cellular pharmacokinetic aspects.
Endothelial Dysfunction and Thrombosis in Patients With COVID-19—Brief Report
Authors: Nagashima Seigo , Mendes Monalisa Castilho , Camargo Martins Ana Paula , Borges Nícolas Henrique , Godoy Thiago Mateus , Miggiolaro Anna Flavia Ribeiro dos Santos , da Silva Dezidério Felipe , Machado-Souza Cleber , de Noronha Lucia 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
Alveolar-capillary endothelial cells can be activated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection leading to cytokine release. This could trigger endothelial dysfunction, pyroptosis, and thrombosis, which are the vascular changes, commonly referred to as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) endotheliopathy. Thus, this study aimed to identify tissue biomarkers associated with endothelial activation/dysfunction and the pyroptosis pathway in the lung samples of patients with COVID-19 and to compare them to pandemic influenza A virus H1N1 subtype 2009 and control cases.

Approach and Results:
Postmortem lung samples (COVID-19 group =6 cases; H1N1 group =10 cases, and control group =11 cases) were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and the following monoclonal primary antibodies: anti-IL (interleukin)-6, anti-TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α, anti-ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1), and anticaspase-1. From the result, IL-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1, and caspase-1 showed higher tissue expression in the COVID-19 group than in the H1N1 and control groups.

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrated endothelial dysfunction and suggested the participation of the pyroptosis pathway in the pulmonary samples. These conditions might lead to systemic thrombotic events that could impair the clinical staff’s efforts to avoid fatal outcomes. One of the health professionals’ goals should be to identify the high risk of thrombosis patients early to block endotheliopathy and its consequences.