bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness, feasibility and scalability of the school platform in adolescent mental healthcare
Authors: Williams Ian , Vaisey Alaina , Patton George , Sanci Lena 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of review
Schools are increasingly at the forefront of mental healthcare for young people internationally. This review aims to describe recent developments in school-based mental health activities to respond to mental health needs in adolescents, with a focus on empirical studies aimed at preventing, ameliorating or treating mental disorders.

Recent findings
The field is characterized by substantial heterogeneity in program design and research methods. Evidence for effectiveness of single-faceted school-based mental health programs is equivocal. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported mixed findings across a variety of single-faceted universal and targeted programs at post-intervention, short-term and long-term follow-up. The largest and most recent review and network meta-analyses conclude there is limited evidence in support of these forms of school-based anxiety and depression prevention programs. Feasibility studies, which include consideration of appropriate service providers, suggest a need to consider schools as complex systems when designing interventions. Recent models adopting whole-school approaches appear feasible, effective and potentially sustainable with modest levels of resourcing.

Summary
Greater evidence is needed regarding long-term impact and sustainability of interventions. Recent trials of multifaceted and multilevel interventions show particular promise. Future research should further explore strategies embedded within school systems and processes.
Evaluating the serological status of COVID-19 patients using an indirect immunofluorescent assay, France
Authors: Edouard S. , Colson P. , Melenotte C. , De Pinto F. , Thomas L. , La Scola B. , Million M. , Tissot-Dupont H. , Gautret P. , Stein A. , Brouqui P. , Parola P. , Lagier J.-C. , Raoult D. , Drancourt M. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTAn indirect immunofluorescent assay was developed in order to assess the serological status of 888 RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients (1,302 serum samples) and controls in Marseille, France. Incorporating an inactivated clinical SARS CoV-2 isolate as the antigen, the specificity of the assay was measured as 100% for IgA titre ≥ 1:200; 98.6% for IgM titre ≥ 1:200; and 96.3% for IgG titre ≥ 1:100 after testing a series of negative controls as well as 150 serums collected from patients with non-SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus infection, non-Coronavirus pneumonia and infections known to elicit false-positive serology. Seroprevalence was then measured at 3% before a five-day evolution up to 47% after more than 15 days of evolution. We observed that the seroprevalence as well as the titre of specific antibodies were both significantly higher in patients with a poor clinical outcome than in patients with a favourable evolution. These data, which have to be integrated into the ongoing understanding of the immunological phase of the infection, suggest that serotherapy may not be a therapeutic option in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. The IFA assay reported here is useful for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 exposure at the individual and population levels.
Predicting the Growth and Trend of COVID-19 Pandemic using Machine Learning and Cloud Computing
Authors: Tuli Shreshth , Tuli Shikhar , Tuli Rakesh , Gill Sukhpal Singh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe outbreak of COVID-19 Coronavirus, namely SARS-CoV-2, has created a calamitous situation throughout the world. The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 is rapidly increasing day by day. Machine Learning (ML) and Cloud Computing can be deployed very effectively to track the disease, predict growth of the epidemic and design strategies and policy to manage its spread. This study applies an improved mathematical model to analyse and predict the growth of the epidemic. An ML-based improved model has been applied to predict the potential threat of COVID-19 in countries worldwide. We show that using iterative weighting for fitting Generalized Inverse Weibull distribution, a better fit can be obtained to develop a prediction framework. This can be deployed on a cloud computing platform for more accurate and real-time prediction of the growth behavior of the epidemic. A data driven approach with higher accuracy as here can be very useful for a proactive response from the government and citizens. Finally, we propose a set of research opportunities and setup grounds for further practical applications. Predicted curves for some of the most affected countries can be seen at https://collaboration.coraltele.com/covid/.
Prolonged viral RNA shedding after COVID-19 symptom resolution in older convalescent plasma donors
Authors: Hartman William R , Hess Aaron S , Connor Joseph 
Published: May 2020

AbstractImportanceThe novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is responsible for a world-wide pandemic. While the medical community understands the mode of viral transmission, less is known about how long viral shedding occurs once viral symptoms have resolved.ObjectiveTo determine how long the SARS-CoV-2 remains detectable following self-reporting of viral symptom resolution.DesignA cohort of 86 previously SARS-CoV-2 positive patients were re-tested for proof of viral recovery by nasal swab and nucleic acid amplification less than 28 days after self-reported symptom resolution. This study was approved by the University of Wisconsin Institutional Review Board.SettingA tertiary care center in a mid-size city utilizing a drive-through SAR-CoV-2 testing center.Participants86 previously confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals less than 28 days after self-reported resolution of symptoms evaluated as potential donors for COVID-19 convalescent plasma.InterventionParticipants underwent nasopharyngeal sampling and subsequent nucleic acid amplification for SARS-CoV-2 genes.Main OutcomeSARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal secretions detected by rtPCR.Results11/86 (13%) previously confirmed SARS-CoV-2 subjects were still positive at a median of 19 days (range 12-24 days) after symptom resolution. Older patients were more likely to be test-positive, and older positive patients had lower rtPCR CT values. Test-positive patients were not significantly different from test-negative patients with respect to days since symptom recovery.Conclusions and ResolutionThese results underscore the necessity of testing COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors less than 28 days after symptom resolution and suggests that COVID-19 positive patients may need to remain in quarantine beyond the recommended two weeks following “recovery.”Trial Registrationn/a
COVID-19 Outbreak, Social Response, and Early Economic Effects: A Global VAR Analysis of Cross-Country Interdependencies
Authors: Milani Fabio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic underscored the importance of countries’ interconnections in understanding and reacting to the spread of the virus.This paper uses a global model with a sample of 41 countries to study the interdependencies between COVID-19 health shocks, populations’ risk perceptions about the disease, and their social distancing responses; it also provides some early evidence about potential economic effects.Social networks are a central component in understanding the international transmission.We exploit a dataset on existing social connections across country borders, made available by Facebook, and show that social networks help explain not only the spread of the disease, but also cross-country spillovers in risk perceptions and in social behavior. Social distancing responses across countries are measured based on aggregated mobility tracking indicators, obtained from Google Mobility Reports.We estimate a Global VAR (GVAR) model, which allows for endogeneity of each health, social, and economic, domestic variable, and for a dependence of domestic variables on country-specific foreign aggregates, which depend in turn on the matrix of social connections.Our empirical results highlight the importance of cross-country interdependencies and social networks. Risk perceptions and social responses are affected by experiences abroad, with Italy and the U.S. playing large roles in our sample. The social distancing responses to domestic health shocks are heterogeneous across countries, but they share some similarities: they adjust only gradually and with delay, hence displaying adaptive behavior.Early indicators are suggestive of unemployment consequences that vary widely across countries, depending on their labor market characteristics. Unemployment is particularly responsive to health shocks in the U.S. and Spain, while the fluctuations are attenuated almost everywhere else.
Stability of SARS-CoV-2 on environmental surfaces and in human excreta
Authors: Liu Yongjian , Li Tianyi , Deng Yongqiang , Liu Siyang , Zhang Dong , Li Hanping , Wang Xiaolin , Jia Lei , Han Jingwan , Bei Zhuchun , Zhou Yusen , Li Lin , Li Jingyun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAt room temperature, SARS-CoV-2 was stable on environmental surfaces and remained viable up to 7 days on smooth surfaces. This virus could survive for several hours in feces and 3-4 days in urine.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: An autopsy series with clinical and laboratory correlation
Authors: Prilutskiy Andrey , Kritselis Michael , Shevtsov Artem , Yambayev Ilyas , Vadlamudi Charitha , Zhao Qing , Kataria Yachana , Sarosiek Shayna R. , Lerner Adam , Sloan J. Mark , Quillen Karen , Burks Eric J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundA subset of COVID-19 patients exhibit clinical features of cytokine storm. However, clinicopathologic features diagnostic of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) have not been reported. Pathologic studies to date have largely focused on the pulmonary finding of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). To this aim, we study the reticuloendothelial organs of four consecutive patients dying of COVID-19 and correlate with clinical and laboratory parameters to detect HLH.MethodsAutopsies restricted to chest and abdomen were performed on four patients who succumbed to COVID-19. Spleen, liver, and multiple pulmonary hilar/mediastinal lymph nodes were sampled in all cases. Bone marrow was obtained by rib squeeze in a subset of cases. Routine H&E staining as well as immunohistochemical staining for CD163 was performed to detect hemophagocytosis. Clinical and laboratory results from pre-mortem blood samples were used to calculate H-scores.FindingsAll four cases demonstrated DAD within the lungs. Three of the four cases had histologic evidence of hemophagocytosis within pulmonary hilar/mediastinal lymph nodes. One case showed hemophagocytosis in the spleen but none showed hemophagocytosis in liver or bone marrow. Lymphophagocytosis was the predominant form of hemophagocytosis observed. One patient showed diagnostic features of HLH with an H-score of 217 while a second patient was likely HLH with a partial H-score of 145 due to missing triglyceride level. Both patients exhibited high fever and early onset rise in serum ferritin; however, neither bicytopenia, pancytopenia, nor hypofibrinogenemia were observed in either. The remaining two patients had H-scores of 131 and 96.InterpretationThis is the first report of SARS-CoV-2 associated HLH. Identification of HLH in a subset of patients with severe COVID-19 will inform clinical trials of therapeutic strategies.
Carbomer-based Nano-Emulsion Adjuvant Enhances Dendritic Cell Cross-presentation via Lipid Body Formation Independent of Glycolysis
Authors: Lee Woojong , Kingstad-Bakke Brock , Paulson Brett , Larsen Autumn R. , Overmyer Katherine , Marinaik Chandranaik B. , Dulli Kelly , Toy Randall , Vogel Gabriela , Mueller Katherine P. , Tweed Kelsey , Walsh Alex J. , Russell Jason , Saha Krishanu , Reyes Leticia , Skala Melissa C. , Sauer John-Demian , Shayakhmetov Dmitry M. , Coon Joshua , Roy Krishnendu , Suresh M. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryHere, we report that a carbomer-based adjuvant, Adjuplex® (ADJ), stimulated robust CD8 T-cell responses to subunit antigens by modulating multiple steps in the cytosolic pathway of cross-presentation, and afforded effective immunity against virus and intracellular bacteria. Cross-presentation induced by TLR agonists requires a critical switch to anabolic metabolism, but ADJ enhanced cross presentation without this metabolic switch in DCs and NLRP3-driven caspase 1 activity. Instead, ADJ induced in DCs, an unique metabolic state, typified by dampened oxidative phosphorylation and basal levels of glycolysis. In the absence of increased glycolytic flux, induction of ROS and lipid bodies (LBs) and alterations in LB composition mediated by ADJ were critical for DC cross-presentation. These findings challenge the prevailing metabolic paradigm by suggesting that DCs can perform effective DC cross-presentation, independent of glycolysis to induce robust T cell-dependent protective immunity to intracellular pathogens. These findings have implications in the rational development of novel adjuvants.
A Research on the Results of Viral Nucleic Acid Tests and CT Imaging Variation of Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Xu Meng , Liu Xun , Su Chuhong , Zeng Yuping , Zhang Jinqian , Li Xuwen , Liu Guirong , Xie Jinjun , Liu Hongyong , Jie Yusheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global health problem. We aim to investigate the changes in the results of viral nucleic acid tests on pharyngeal swabs and feces of patients with COVID-19 and CT imaging of lungs as the disease progresses.MethodsSeven patients with COVID-19 in the third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Yuedong Hospital were retrospectively enrolled with clinical features, including imaging staging, and performance characteristics of viral nucleic acid test results of pharyngeal swabs and feces. The dynamic changes of these features were observed during hospitalization, and therapeutic effect and prognosis of patients were evaluated.ResultsThe results of seven cases with COVID-19 were positive for viral nucleic acid tests on pharyngeal swabs early after the onset of symptoms, and then turned negative; while the results of viral nucleic acid tests on feces were persistently positive in the mid-term clinical treatment and recovery period. And the viral nucleic acid test results were capricious in three cases. Pulmonary CT imaging showed characteristic changes in early, advanced and recovery phases.ConclusionThe application of viral nucleic acid detection and pulmonary CT imaging can be used for screening of suspected cases. Fecal nucleic acid test should be recommended as the reference of discharge standard, in order to minimize the risk of transmission from digestive tract.
Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women hospitalised with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK: a national cohort study using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS)
Authors: Knight Marian , Bunch Kathryn , Vousden Nicola , Morris Eddie , Simpson Nigel , Gale Chris , O’Brien Patrick , Quigley Maria , Brocklehurst Peter , Kurinczuk Jennifer J 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a national cohort of pregnant women hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK, identify factors associated with infection and describe outcomes, including transmission of infection, for mother and infant.DesignProspective national population-based cohort study using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS).SettingAll 194 obstetric units in the UKParticipants427 pregnant women admitted to hospital with confirmed Sars-CoV-2 infection between 01/03/2020 and 14/04/2020. 694 comparison women who gave birth between 01/11/2017 and 31/10/2018.Main outcome measuresIncidence of maternal hospitalisation, infant infection. Rates of maternal death, level 3 critical care unit admission, preterm birth, stillbirth, early neonatal death, perinatal death; odds ratios for infected versus comparison women.ResultsEstimated incidence of hospitalisation with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy 4.9 per 1000 maternities (95%CI 4.5-5.4). The median gestation at symptom onset was 34 weeks (IQR 29-38). Black or other minority ethnicity (aOR 4.49, 95%CI 3.37-6.00), older maternal age (aOR 1.35, 95%CI 1.01-1.81 comparing women aged 35+ with those aged 30-34), overweight and obesity (aORs 1.91, 95%CI 1.37-2.68 and 2.20, 95%CI 1.56-3.10 respectively compared to women with a BMI<25kg/m2) and pre-existing comorbidities (aOR 1.52, 95%CI 1.12-2.06) were associated with admission with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy. 247 women (58%) gave birth or had a pregnancy loss; 180 (73%) gave birth at term. 40 (9%) hospitalised women required respiratory support. Twelve infants (5%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, six of these infants within the first 12 hours after birth.ConclusionsThe majority of pregnant women hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 were in the late second or third trimester, supporting guidance for continued social distancing measures in later pregnancy. Most had good outcomes and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to infants was uncommon. The strong association between admission with infection and black or minority ethnicity requires urgent investigation and explanation.Study RegistrationISRCTN 40092247
SELF-POLICING COVID-19 AND CIVIC RESPONSIBILITIES IN LAGOS METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
Authors: Ilori Ayomide 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study investigated self-policing COVID-19 and civic responsibilities in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria adopting an online qualitative interview due to the current lockdown that denied field (face to face) interview. Fifty out of the feedbacks from the online interview were picked randomly to arrive at the conclusion of this study. The feedbacks suggested that there is adequate awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic among the people living in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria and that they are following the directives of federal and state governments in an effort to reduce the community transmission of the infectious diseases. However, the ban on public gatherings and movements has made it impossible for many homes to meet their basic needs especially feeding. The government provided palliatives have also been largely insufficient to cater for the vulnerable. There could be a crisis (such as hunger) and the breakdown of law and order if the government does not increase their capacity to mitigate the hardship which the ongoing lockdown has imposed on the people.
Use of excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 epidemic as an epidemiological surveillance strategy - preliminary results of the evaluation of six Brazilian capitals
Authors: Freitas André Ricardo Ribas , de Medeiros Nicole Montenegro , Frutuoso Livia Carla Vinhal , Beckedorff Otto Albuquerque , de Martin Lucas Mariscal Alves , de Medeiros Coelho Marcela Montenegro , de Freitas Giovanna Gimenez Souza , Lemos Daniele Rocha Queiróz , Cavalcanti Luciano Pamplona de Góes 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIn early 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized the pandemic situation of the new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2), which causes Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). In Brazil by the end of April 2020, another 110 thousand cases and 5,000 deaths had been confirmed. The scarcity of laboratory resources and overload of the care network, added to the broad clinical spectrum of the disease, can make it difficult to capture all mortality from this disease through epidemiological surveillance based on individual notification of cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the excess of deaths in Brazilian capitals with the highest incidence of COVID-19, as a way of validating the method, we also evaluated a capital with low incidence.We assessed weekly mortality from all causes during the year 2020, up to the epidemiological week 17, compared with the previous year. The data were obtained through the National Civil Registry Information Center (CNIRC, acronym in Portuguese). We estimate the expected mortality and the 95% confidence interval by projecting the observed mortality in 2019 for the population of 2020.In the five capitals with the highest incidences it was possible to identify excess deaths in the pandemic period, the age group most affected were those over 60 years old, 31% of the excess deaths occurred in the population between 20 and 59 years old. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.94) between the excess of deaths in each city and the number of deaths confirmed by epidemiological surveillance. There was no excess of deaths in the capital with the lowest incidence, nor among the population under 20 years old. We estimate that epidemiological surveillance managed to capture only 52% of all mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in the cities studied.Considering the simplicity of the method, its low cost and reliability for assessing the real burden of the disease, we believe that the assessment of excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic should be widely used as a complementary tool to regular epidemiological surveillance and its use should be encouraged by WHO.
Epidemics, Air Travel, and Elimination in a Globalized World: The Case of Measles
Authors: Truelove Shaun , Mier-y-Teran-Romero Luis , Gastanaduy Paul , Walker Allison Taylor , Berro Andre , Lessler Justin , Johansson Michael A. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTAlthough the United States (U.S.) declared measles eliminated in 2000, so long as measles circulates globally, continued importations will trigger sporadic U.S. outbreaks. The United States is highly connected to the rest of the world, and importations occur largely as a result of air travel by U.S. residents and international visitors. We developed a model to assess the risk of measles virus importation from Europe, Asia, and Africa through air travel. We projected 308 (95% prediction interval, 151-518) total measles cases imported from 66 countries during 2006-2015; 290 importations were reported. The model projected a spike in importation risk from Israel during October 2018, coincident with large, importation-triggered outbreaks in New York and New Jersey. Our model shows U.S. importation risk primarily originates from European and Asian countries. Models such as this inform preemptive actions to mitigate infectious disease threats, but only if we prioritize global surveillance and data sharing.