bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time in range—A new gold standard in type 2 diabetes research?
Authors: Goshrani Ashni , Lin Rose , O'Neal David , Ekinci Elif I. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGlycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is currently the gold standard outcome measure for type 2 diabetes trials. Time in range is a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metric defined as the proportion of time in euglycemia (3.9–10.0 mmol/L) and may be valuable not only in type 1 diabetes clinical trials but also as an endpoint in type 2 diabetes trials. This narrative review aimed to assess the relative merits of time in range versus HbA1c as outcome measures for type 2 diabetes studies. It reviews the strengths and limitations of time in range as an outcome measure and evaluates studies in type 2 diabetes that have used time in range as a primary or secondary outcome measure. A literature search was conducted on PubMed and MEDLINE databases using key terms “time in range” AND “diabetes” OR “type 2 diabetes mellitus”. Further evidence was obtained from relevant references of retrieved articles. Literature search identified 247 papers, of which 110 were included in this review. These included a broad range of articles, including 45 randomized trials using time in range as an outcome measure in patients with type 2 diabetes, as well as papers validating time in range. Time in range provides valuable and clinically relevant information and should be used as an important endpoint in type 2 diabetes in clinical trial settings, in conjunction with HbA1c.
Discussion: “Viscous Dissipation and Joule Heating Effects on 3D Magnetohydrodynamics Flow of Williamson Nanofluid in a Porous Medium Over a Stretching Surface With Melting Condition” (Tarakaramu, N., Sivakumar, N., Satya Narayana, P. V., and Sivajothi, R., 2022, ASME Open J. Eng., 1, p. 011033)
Authors: Pantokratoras Asterios 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the present discussion, many errors have been found in the aforementioned paper and have been corrected.
Biomarker and clinical data–based predictor tool (MAUXI) for ultrafiltration failure and cardiovascular outcome in peritoneal dialysis patients: a retrospective and longitudinal study
Authors: Arriero-País Eva María , Bajo-Rubio María Auxiliadora , Arrojo-García Roberto , Sandoval Pilar , González-Mateo Guadalupe Tirma , Albar-Vizcaíno Patricia , del Peso-Gilsanz Gloria , Ossorio-González Marta , Majano Pedro , López-Cabrera Manuel 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo develop a machine learning-based software as a medical device to predict the endurance and outcomes of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients in real time using effluent-measured biomarkers of the mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT).MethodsRetrospective, longitudinal, triple blind study in two independent hospitals (Spain), designed under information-theoretical approaches for feature selection and machine learning-based modelling techniques. A total of 151 (train set) and 32 (validation) PD patients in 1979–2022 were included. PD outcomes were analysed in four categories (endurance, exit from PD, cause of PD end, technical failure) by using MMT biomarkers in effluents and clinical databases.ResultsMMT biomarkers and clinical data can predict PD with a mean absolute error of 16.99 months by using an Extra Tree (ET) regressor. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) discerns among transfer to haemodialysis or death, predicts whether the cause of PD end is ultrafiltration failure (UFF) or cardiovascular disease (CVD) and anticipates the type of CVD (receiver operating characteristic curve under the area>0.71).DiscussionOur combination of longitudinal PD datasets, attribute shrinkage and gold-standard algorithms with overfitting testing and class imbalance ensures robust predictions in PD. Biomarkers displayed proper mutual information and SHapley values, indicating that MMT processes may have a causal relationship in the development of UFF and CVD.ConclusionsMMT biomarkers and clinical data may be associated in a causal manner with ultrafiltration failure (local effect) and cardiovascular events (systemic effect) in PD. The machine learning-based software MAUXI provides applicability of ET-LDA models with ≤38 variables to predict PD endurance and type of PD technique failure related to peritoneal membrane deterioration.
Lack of neuropsychological effects following short-term subcallosal cingulate gyrus deep brain stimulation in treatment-resistant depression: a randomised crossover study
Authors: Gholamali Nezhad Fatemeh , Tassone Vanessa K , Khoo Yuelee , Wu Michelle , Lin Qiaowei , Demchenko Ilya , Janssen-Aguilar Reinhard , Ceniti Amanda K , Rizvi Sakina J , Lou Wendy , Giacobbe Peter , Kennedy Sidney H , Lozano Andres M , McAndrews Mary Pat , Bhat Venkat 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe subcallosal cingulate gyrus (SCG) is integral to cognitive function and mood regulation. Open-label SCG deep brain stimulation (DBS) studies demonstrate improvement or stabilisation of cognitive function in treatment-resistant depression (TRD).ObjectiveThis randomised controlled study aims to evaluate the neuropsychological effects of SCG-DBS.Methods35 participants with TRD received active or sham stimulation over two 3-month periods. A neuropsychological battery was administered to assess processing speed, learning and memory, and cognitive flexibility. Composite measures were derived for each domain after Period I. A mixed model for repeated measures analysis was performed for each test, with further analysis of significant measures to determine sustainability after Period II.FindingsNo significant differences in changes in depression scores were observed between groups. There were no significant deteriorations in cognitive performance following active SCG-DBS. Category Fluency Test performance improved after 3 months of active SCG-DBS (p=0.002); however, this was non-significant after correcting for multiple comparisons and was not observed after Period II (p=0.615).Conclusion and implicationsWhile no cognitive deterioration was observed following SCG-DBS, significant improvements in cognitive function were not evident. There may be a transient enhancement in processing speed; however, this effect is not fully understood. Future studies should include larger cohorts and extended stimulation periods to explore the long-term effects of SCG-DBS in TRD and the sustainability of improvements in cognitive domains.
Allopurinol use and risk of acute coronary syndrome in gout patients: a population-based cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Drivelegka Panagiota , Jacobsson Lennart , Sandström Tatiana Zverkova , Lindström Ulf , Bengtsson Karin , Dehlin Mats 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of allopurinol use on the risk of first-ever acute coronary syndrome (ACS) event in patients with gout.MethodsUsing national and regional register data, we included all patients with a gout diagnosis at primary or specialised care in Western Sweden in the period 2007–2017 (n=18 862; 67% male patients). Patients with a prior history of coronary heart disease (CHD) were excluded. Follow-up started at the first gout diagnosis and ended at the first-ever ACS event, death or study end. The main outcome was the risk of first-ever ACS in: (1) allopurinol users versus non-users, by defining three categories of allopurinol exposure: exposed to 100 mg, >100 mg and no exposure (reference) and (2) allopurinol initiators (within 125 days) versus long-term users (reference). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to calculate ORs and 95% CIs.ResultsIn analysis 1 (n=18 862), 15.3% (n=2892) were exposed to 100 mg, 9.1% (n=1717) to >100 mg and 75.6% (n=14 253) were not exposed. Allopurinol users were older and had more comorbidities compared with non-users. Allopurinol exposure (100 mg and >100 mg) was associated with significantly lower odds of first-ever ACS (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.94, and OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.81, respectively). In Analysis 2, allopurinol initiators (n=489) had significantly higher odds of first-ever ACS compared with long-term users (n=2916) (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.75).ConclusionsIn patients with gout and without CHD, long-term allopurinol use protects against first-ever ACS compared with non-users. In contrast, allopurinol initiators, possibly having more systemic inflammation, had a higher risk of first-ever ACS compared with long-term users.
Exploring the impact of COVID-19 hard lockdown on service provision for survivors of violence against women in South Africa: a qualitative study
Authors: Colombini Manuela , Shai Nwabisa Jama , Mahlangu Pinky 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTo explore the impact of South Africa’s COVID-19 hard lockdown on the provision of services to survivors of violence against women (VAW).DesignWe conducted a qualitative study using semistructured interviews. Data was analysed thematically. We conducted 18 semistructured interviews (10 face-to-face and 8 online or by phone) with service providers and key informants (KIs).SettingThe study was conducted across healthcare facilities, social services, national helplines and shelters in Gauteng province, South Africa. Data was collected between September 2022 and October 2023.ParticipantsThe sample included 18 participants, purposively selected, comprising 13 frontline service providers (nurses, social workers and managers) and 5 KIs. Participants shared their experiences of delivering VAW services during the lockdown.ResultsThe findings highlight five key themes affecting VAW service provision during COVID-19. (1) Confusion and uncertainty: initial uncertainty about whether VAW services were essential led to temporary closures and reduced availability. (2) Decreased demand for services: fear of mobility restrictions and reporting barriers reduced access, particularly in the first lockdown month. (3) Adaptations by providers: services shifted to remote counselling, while shelters paused new intakes. (4) Challenges in service provision: staff shortages, resource constraints (eg, personal protective equipment shortages) and disrupted referral systems hindered service delivery. (5) Emotional impact on frontline workers: health and helpline workers faced stress, fear of infection, social stigma and burnout, affecting their well-being and capacity to respond effectively.ConclusionsThe study highlights how South Africa’s COVID-19 hard lockdown disrupted essential VAW services, emphasising the need for resilient service delivery models during crises. Strengthening staffing, resources and improving referral pathways are critical for mitigating the emotional and operational challenges faced by service providers and for ensuring sustained support for survivors.
Occupational-class trends in diagnosis-specific sickness absence in Finland: a register-based observational study in 2011–2021
Authors: Blomgren Jenni , Perhoniemi Riku 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence and days of long-term sickness absence (LTSA) by occupational class and by most important diagnostic groups in Finland during 2011–2021.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.Setting and participantsNational comprehensive register data were linked for all employed persons and entrepreneurs in Finland aged 25–64 for years 2011–2021 (yearly number of individuals in the study population around 2 million persons).Main outcome measuresLTSA was measured by sickness allowance that covers over 10-day long absences. Yearly age-standardised LTSA prevalences and average number of LTSA days were calculated for women and men in four occupational classes, separately for all-cause LTSA and LTSA due to mental disorders, musculoskeletal diseases and injuries. Modified Poisson regression and negative binomial regression models were run to assess relative differences between occupational classes, adjusted for age, marital status, education and region of residence.ResultsAll-cause LTSA slightly decreased between years 2011 and 2021, but the trends varied by occupational class and diagnostic group. LTSA due to mental disorders increased in all occupational classes after 2016 among both sexes, while LTSA due to musculoskeletal diseases and injuries continued to decrease in all occupational classes. The increase in LTSA due to mental disorders was largest among lower non-manual employees, especially among women, whereby all-cause LTSA prevalence among female lower non-manual employees reached the level of female manual workers. Men showed broadly similar trends, but manual workers still had the highest all-cause LTSA prevalence at the end of the study period. The main results were similar adjusted for covariates.ConclusionsThe magnitude and order of the occupational-class differences in LTSA changed between 2011 and 2021, along with increasing LTSA due to mental disorders, especially among employees, and decreasing LTSA due to somatic diagnoses, especially among manual workers. Occupational-class differences should be taken into account when aiming to prevent LTSA and especially further increases in LTSA due to mental disorders.
Community coalitions’ navigation of policies to address the opioid epidemic: insights from qualitative interviews in four states
Authors: Olvera Ramona G , Cogan Allyson G , Bartkus Mary , Benjamin Shoshana N , Davis Jill , Frazier Lisa A , Henry Brandy F , Hunt Timothy , Kinnard Elizabeth N , Mattingly Hallie , McAlearney Ann Scheck , Rivera Dean , Drainoni Mari-Lynn , Walker Daniel M 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe opioid epidemic in the USA presents a multifaceted challenge regulated by a patchwork of federal, state and local policies. In some communities, cross-sector coalitions navigate this complex policy environment to address the epidemic. However, limited research has explored these public health-oriented community coalitions and their interactions with the policy landscape. This study explores how cross-sector public health-oriented community coalition members perceive and navigate the multidimensional policy landscapes to address the opioid epidemic.MethodsUsing data from 304 semistructured HEALing Communities Study coalition member interviews conducted April–June 2021 in 67 communities in Kentucky, New York, Massachusetts and Ohio, we inductively analysed participants’ discussions of opioid-related policies to characterise themes and subthemes.ResultsWe describe two themes where coalitions and policy intersect: policy landscape barriers and navigation and mitigation strategies to address policy barriers. Participants revealed community misunderstandings and lack of knowledge of opioid-related policies. Furthermore, participants shared how these policies often hindered coalitions’ initiatives to address substance use. Nevertheless, community coalitions functioned despite these policy challenges through knowledge sharing, innovation and policy advocacy.ConclusionsCross-sector public health-oriented community coalitions serve a vital role in navigating the complexities of the multidimensional policy landscape regulating substance use services. Insights from these findings may encourage policy-makers to support community coalitions in pursuing solutions to the opioid crisis and other public health crises.Trial registration numberNCT04111939.
Descriptive study on injuries and illness in Dutch female adolescent and young adult handball players
Authors: Ekelschot Riff , Van den Bekerom Michel , Van Maanen-Coppens Linda , Verhagen Evert 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThis study describes the magnitude and burden of injuries and illnesses in elite Dutch female adolescent and young adult handball players.DesignA retrospective open cohort study.Methods10 consecutive seasons were studied using a database including all injuries and illnesses needing medical attention. In total, 102 handball players, who participated in a full-time programme of the Dutch Handball Academy between August 2009 and July 2019, were included. Injuries were classified according to the consensus statement of the International Olympic Committee. Exposure hours were categorised into training and competition exposure. Training exposure included all handball and strength and conditioning sessions. Burden was defined as the injury duration in days divided by the total exposure hours.ResultsIn total, 916 injuries in 101 players and 95 illnesses in 59 players were reported. The average seasonal prevalence was 83.2% for acute injuries and 78.7% for repetitive injuries. The overall incidence rate was 4.24/1000 exposure hours with an incidence of 23.06/1000 competition hours and 2.19/1000 practice hours. The highest average seasonal prevalence and burden were observed for repetitive injuries of the lumbosacral spine, knee and lower leg and acute injuries of the ankle and knee.ConclusionHigh injury prevalence proportions and competition incidence rates were observed. Repetitive injuries of the lumbosacral spine, knee and lower leg, as well as acute injuries of the knee and ankle, formed the largest problem. Future prevention programmes in elite Dutch adolescent and young adult female handball players should therefore focus on these injuries.
Validation of a semi-quantitative method to assess interstitial lung disease severity and progression in systemic sclerosis by standard and low-dose HRCT scans
Authors: Tschalèr Lucas , Jordan Suzana , Aaløkken Trond Mogens , Becker Mike , Brunborg Cathrine , Bruni Cosimo , Clarenbach Christian , Dobrota Rucsandra , Durheim Michael Thomas , Elhai Muriel , Frauenfelder Thomas , Fretheim Håvard , Garen Torhild , Midtvedt Oyvind , Mihai Carina , Molberg Øyvind , Distler Oliver , Hoffmann-Vold Anna-Maria 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundWhile the presence of distinct imaging abnormalities by high-resolution CT (HRCT) defines interstitial lung disease (ILD), there is a relative lack of validated methods to quantify these abnormalities in clinical practice, limiting ILD severity and progression assessments. We aimed to validate a semi-quantitative method for lung fibrosis assessment in patients with systemic sclerosis associated ILD (SSc-ILD) by standard and low-dose HRCT, considering lung structure and function as integral components of ILD evaluation.MethodsSSc patients from Oslo and Zurich with HRCT images, pulmonary function tests, including forced vital capacity (FVC), diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and the 6-minute walk test with oxygen (O2) desaturation were enrolled. We validated the semi-quantitative fibrosis extent method by HRCT using criteria for content and construct validity, discrimination, sensitivity to change and feasibility, as well as inter- and intra-rater variability.Results65 SSc patients from Zurich and 90 from Oslo were included. Significant correlations were observed between the extent of fibrosis on HRCT and FVC (r=−0.517, p<0.001), DLCO (r=−0.400, p<0.001) and O2desaturation (r=−0.500, p<0.001), indicating content, construct and criterion validity. Discrimination and sensitivity to change assessments showed moderate correlation with DLCO (r=−0.377, p=0.003) but not with FVC or O2desaturation. Inter- and intra-rater variability demonstrated excellent reliability (κ=0.891 and κ=0.996, respectively), with HRCT quantification averaging 9–15 min, indicating high feasibility.ConclusionThis study confirms that semi-quantitative fibrosis assessment of HRCT for SSc-ILD meets most validation criteria, supporting its use in clinical practice and showing additive value of structural to functional ILD assessment.
Intriguing features of the prompt fission $$\gamma $$-ray spectra in the fast neutron induced fission of $$^{232}$$Th
Authors: De Sukanya , Thomas R. G. , Mishra G. , Mohanto G. , Kumar Ajay 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Prompt fission

$$\gamma $$

γ

-ray spectra (PFGS) extending to very low photon energies have been measured in the

$$^{232}$$

232

Th(n,f) reaction over a range of incident neutron energies below the second chance fission threshold, for which no data are available. Fission events were detected with an ionization chamber containing

$$^{232}$$

232

Th foils, and the coincident prompt fission

$$\gamma $$

γ

-rays were detected using two CeBr

$$_{3}$$

3

scintillation detectors. The measured spectra were unfolded using the corresponding response matrices of the detectors, simulated using Geant4, to obtain the PFGS in the

$$\gamma $$

γ

-ray energy region of 0.1–1.2 MeV. Surprisingly, significant reduction in photon intensity is observed for the

$$^{232}$$

232

Th(n,f) reaction below the photon energy of 0.4 MeV when compared with the available data of

$$^{238}$$

238

U(n,f) and

$$^{239}$$

239

Pu(n,f) reactions at similar excitation energies. Moreover, the average

$$\gamma $$

γ

-ray multiplicity,

$$\bar{M_\gamma }$$

M
γ

¯

, is found to be

$$\sim 40\%$$

∼
40
%

lower and the average photon energy,

$$\epsilon _{\gamma }$$

ϵ
γ

, is found to be

$$\sim 50\%$$

∼
50
%

higher for

$$^{232}$$

232

Th(n,f) reaction as compared to

$$^{238}$$

238

U(n,f) and

$$^{239}$$

239

Pu(n,f) reactions in the

$$\gamma $$

γ

-ray energy region of

$$0.1-1.2$$

0.1
-
1.2

MeV. It is found that the GEF model fails to predict the observed features of the PFGS in the

$$^{232}$$

232

Th(n,f) reaction. The present experimental results may provide important insight in improving the current models addressing fast neutron induced fission of actinides.
Territorialidad Educativa; Una alternativa para la renovación curricular de las Ciencias Sociales en las Instituciones Educativas
Authors: Montes Miranda Alexander , Galindo Lozano Julio César 
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo hace parte de la investigación doctoral titulada Territorialidad Educativa; Una alternativa para la renovación didáctica en el currículo de las Ciencias Sociales; caso de la Institución Educativa San José de Loma Verde de Montería - Córdoba. Que una tiene como finalidad dar cumplimiento a tres aspectos importantes en el abordaje de las ciencias sociales. Primero, conocer la relación entre las ciencias sociales y la territorialidad, segundo comprender la incorporación de los conceptos de territorio y territorialidad en el diseño curricular, buscando renovar la didáctica y tercero entender la relación que existente entre la didáctica y el ajuste curricular de las ciencias sociales. Para ello, se asumió la investigación cualitativa con enfoque de análisis documental. Entre sus resultados se destaca la contribución epistemológica aportada por la categoría: “Territorial Educativa”, que busca renovar la didáctica en la práctica pedagógica del área de Ciencias Sociales, de acuerdo a percepciones vividas y creadas por los sujetos, en donde las temáticas abordadas son ejemplificadas desde sus propios contextos, En ese sentido, se busca renovar y mejorar los planes de estudios, mediante la utilización más eficaz de los recursos existentes y el compromiso con la comunidad local, garantizando que sus alumnos tengan acceso a una educación de calidad, obteniendo como resultado el fortalecimiento de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en todas las instituciones del país.