bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viscosity of glass‐forming melt at the bottom of high‐level waste melter‐feed cold caps: Effects of temperature and incorporation of solid components
Authors: Lee Seung Min , McCarthy Benjamin P. , Hrma Pavel , Chun Jaehun , Pokorny Richard , Klouzek Jaroslav , Kruger Albert A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDuring the final stages of conversion of melter feed (glass batch) to molten glass, the glass‐forming melt becomes a continuous liquid phase that encapsulates dissolving solid particles and gas bubbles that produce primary foam at the bottom of the cold cap (the reacting melter feed in an electric glass‐melting furnace). The glass‐forming melt viscosity plays a dominant role in primary foam formation, stability, and eventual collapse, thus affecting the rate of melting (the glass production rate per cold‐cap area). We have traced the glass‐forming melt viscosity during the final stages of feed‐to‐glass conversion as it changes in response to changing temperature and composition (resulting from dissolving solid particles). For this study, we used high‐level waste melter feeds—taking advantage of the large amount of data available to us—and a variety of experimental techniques (feed expansion test, evolved gas analysis, thermogravimetric analyzer‐differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, and viscometer). Starting with a relatively low value at the moment when the melt connects, melt viscosity reached maximum within the primary foam layer and then decreased to its final melter operating temperature value. At the cold‐cap bottom—the boundary between the primary foam layer and the thermal boundary layer—where physicochemical reactions of a melter feed influence the driving force of the heat transfer from the melt to the cold cap, the melt viscosity affects the rate of melting predominantly through its effect on the temperature at which primary foam is collapsing.
Effect of high‐energy mechanical milling on the medium‐range ordering in glassy As‐Se
Authors: Shpotyuk Yaroslav , Demchenko Pavlo , Bujňáková Zdenka , Baláž Peter , Boussard‐Pledel Catherine , Bureau Bruno , Shpotyuk Oleh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEffect of high‐energy mechanical milling on glassy AsxSe100 − x (5 ≤ x ≤ 75) is recognized with X‐ray powder diffraction analysis applied to their diffuse halos ascribed to intermediate—and extended‐range structural ordering, which are revealed respectively in the first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) and principal diffraction peak (PDP). Straightforward interpretation of the results is developed within modified microcrystalline approach, treating diffuse halos as superposition of broadened Bragg‐diffraction reflexes from remnants of inter‐planar correlations, supplemented by inter‐atomic Ehrenfest‐diffraction reflexes from most prominent inter‐atomic and inter‐molecular correlations between cage‐like molecules (such As4Se4 and/or As4Se3). Milling is shown to be ineffective in glassy arsenoselenides near Se (x < 20), while causing increase in the FSDP width for glasses with 20 ≤ x ≤ 40 due to destroyed inter‐planar ordering. Remnants of cage‐like molecules in over‐stoichiometric As‐rich AsxSe100 − x glasses (40 ≤ x ≤ 75) disappear under milling, promoting formation of higher polymerized structural network. This milling‐driven reamorphization results in a drastic increase in the FSDP position and fragmentation impact on the correlation length of the FSDP‐responsible entities. Breakdown in intermediate‐range ordering in these glasses is accompanied by changes in their extended‐range ordering revealed in high‐angular shift and broadening of the PDP. This effect is concomitant with the disappearance of distant inter‐atomic correlations between quasi‐crystalline planes in the milled arsenoselenide glasses at a cost of prolonged correlations dominating in their extended‐range ordering.
Role of various alcohol washing media in obtaining a remarkable texture for La2Ce2O7 powders and ceramics
Authors: Kumar Kundan , Srivastava Saurabh , Chowdhury Anirban 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLa2Ce2O7 has not been explored much for application purposes due to several material and/or process issues; the concerns involve phase, compositional purity, modest thermal conductivity, poor sintered density etc. Through this work, we demonstrate a panacea for all such issues via a simple process modification, viz., treatments with alcohol washing and ultrasonication for the synthesis of La2Ce2O7 nanopowders. Dense ceramics (>97%) along with absolute phase and compositional purity were obtained via pressureless conventional sintering at 1400°C; the sintered ceramic also depicted a high (111) texture (Lotgering factor ~0.9). The root cause of this texture was traced to an “oriented attachment”‐type growth mechanism of the La2Ce2O7 nanocrystals that gets extended in micron scale leading to the formation of an organized and uniform rice flake‐type microstructure. The ionic conductivity data of the La2Ce2O7 ceramics showed significant improvement (in orders of magnitude) for the ethanol‐washed sample. This work has been presented as a case study to acknowledge the additional benefit (of obtaining a homogeneous microstructure via “oriented aggregation”) of ethanol and ultrasonication treatment for a ceramic system leading to multiple advantages, viz., full densification at low temperature, high texture etc.
LncRNA NKILA integrates RXFP1/AKT and NF‐κB signalling to regulate osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Zhang Ying , Cao Xiangyang , Li Peifeng , Fan Yanan , Zhang Leilei , Ma Xianghao , Sun Ruibo , Liu Youwen , Li Wuyin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are previously found to have potential capacity to differentiate into osteocytes when exposed to specific stimuli. However, the detailed molecular mechanism during this progress remains largely unknown. In the current study, we characterized the lncRNA NKILA as a crucial positive regulator for osteogenesis of MSCs. NKILA attenuation significantly inhibits the calcium deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity of MSCs. More interestingly, we defined that NKILA is functionally involved in the regulation of RXFP1/PI3K‐AKT and NF‐κB signalling. Knockdown of NKILA dramatically down‐regulates the expression of RXFP1 and then reduces the activity of AKT, a downstream regulator of RXFP1 signalling which is widely accepted as an activator of osteogenesis. Moreover, we identify NF‐κB as another critical regulator implicated in NKILA‐mediated osteogenic differentiation. Inhibition of NF‐κB can induce the expression of RUNX2, a master transcription factor of osteogenesis, in a HDAC2‐mediated deacetylation manner. Thus, this study illustrates the regulatory function of NKILA in osteogenesis through distinct signalling pathways, therefore providing a new insight into searching for new molecular targets for bone tissue repair and regeneration.
p53‐dependent transcriptional suppression of BAG3 protects cells against metabolic stress via facilitation of p53 accumulation
Authors: Wang Jia‐Mei , Liu Bao‐Qin , Du Zhen‐Xian , Li Chao , Sun Jia , Yan Jing , Jiang Jing‐Yi , Wang Hua‐Qin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSolid tumour frequently undergoes metabolic stress during tumour development because of inadequate blood supply and the high nutrient expenditure. p53 is activated by glucose limitation and maintains cell survival via triggering metabolic checkpoint. However, the exact downstream contributors are not completely identified. BAG3 is a cochaperone with multiple cellular functions and is implicated in metabolic reprogramming of pancreatic cancer cells. The current study demonstrated that glucose limitation transcriptionally suppressed BAG3 expression in a p53‐dependent manner. Importantly, hinderance of its down‐regulation compromised cellular adaptation to metabolic stress triggered by glucose insufficiency, supporting that BAG3 might be one of p53 downstream contributors for cellular adaptation to metabolic stress. Our data showed that ectopic BAG3 expression suppressed p53 accumulation via direct interaction under metabolic stress. Thereby, the current study highlights the significance of p53‐mediated BAG3 suppression in cellular adaptation to metabolic stress via facilitating p53 accumulation.
Advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: real world data of patient profiles and treatment patterns
Authors: Amaral T. , Osewold M. , Presser D. , Meiwes A. , Garbe C. , Leiter U. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common types of cancer in the Caucasian population, with an increasing incidence. cSCC is mostly a local invasive disease that can be treated surgically in the majority of the cases. However, in the case of advanced cSCC (acSCC), a multimodality approach also involving systemic therapies needs to be considered.MethodsOne hundred and ninety‐five patients diagnosed with acSCC (stages III and IV) treated in our centre between 2011 and 2018 were included. Patient and tumour characteristics along with treatment patterns were documented and analyzed. Descriptive analysis was performed and survival rates were estimated according to Kaplan‐Meier and compared with the Log‐rank test. Follow‐up was defined as the time between diagnosis of advanced disease and last contact or death. All causes of death were considered as events.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 21 months [IQR = (10.0; 21.0)]. The median age at time of advanced disease diagnosis was 78 years [IQR = (72; 84)], with 40.5% of the patients in stage III and 59.5% in stage IV. One hundred and forty‐five patients had resectable tumours. In this group the median overall survival (mOS) was 59 months (95% CI: 28.2–89.8), significantly higher than the mOS in patients with inoperable tumour [n = 50; mOS: 19 months (96% CI: 7–31, P <0.0001)]. Patients receiving immunotherapy (n = 20) showed a statistically significant better survival compared to those treated with other systemic therapies (n = 37; mOS not reached vs. mOS: 22 months (95% CI: 6.5–43.5), P = 0.034). For patients without systemic therapy, a combination of surgery and radiotherapy provided better outcomes compared to radiotherapy alone or best supportive care (P <0.001).ConclusionSurgical complete resection should be the first therapeutic option for patients with acSCC. For patients with inoperable tumour, first‐line immunotherapy should be preferably considered.
Optimum condition of conventional bleaching process for bleached shellac
Authors: Saengsod Suthep , Limmatvapirat Sontaya , Luangtana‐anan Manee 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBleached shellac has attracted wide interest in many industries. Since bleaching using sodium hypochlorite is a vigorous process, it can possess a high impact on physicochemical properties causing the unstable bleached‐shellac. An investigation into optimum conditions of the bleaching process was, therefore, required to achieve sufficient whiteness, good mechanical properties, and the stable bleached‐shellac. The studied conditions were variations in solvents, volume, and time of bleaching. Studied parameters, such as color change, acid value, insoluble solid, polarity, water vapor permeability coefficient, mechanical properties, chemical structure, and crystallinity, were detected. The physicochemical properties depended on the bleaching conditions but no effect on the chemical and amorphous structures of shellac. With the proper control of bleaching process, the simple, and conventional method can be applied in bleaching. The optimum condition was the use of sodium carbonate as a solvent, 20‐ml sodium hypochlorite, and 2‐hr bleaching time.Practical applicationsShellac has long been used as an edible coating for extending product quality. Although shellac possesses an outstanding property in moisture protection, the dark color causes an unpleasant for applying in food and pharmaceutical industries. The bleaching process using sodium hypochlorite is commonly used to whiten the shellac. Due to the vigorous redox reaction of process, extreme changes in properties of shellac were obtained. The aim was to explore the optimum condition of bleaching process. The studied conditions were, solvent used, amount, and time of bleaching process. With a careful control of process, not only provided a high degree of whiten shellac but also obtained good physicochemical properties of bleached shellac. This study could be of help in adding the value of natural polymer without the use of high temperature and power consumption compared with other methods. The bleached shellac can then be used in wider applications.
Prevalence and Knowledge of Potential Interactions Between Over‐the‐Counter Products and Apixaban
Authors: Tarn Derjung M. , Barrientos Maureen , Wang Angel Y. , Ramaprasad Abhijit , Fang Margaret C. , Schwartz Janice B. 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUNDDirect‐acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs), such as apixaban, are the most commonly prescribed anticoagulants, with advantages in that they do not require routine monitoring. However, less frequent contact with healthcare professionals may contribute to poor patient knowledge about potential interactions between over‐the‐counter (OTC) products and DOACs.OBJECTIVEDetermine the prevalence of use of OTC products (OTC medications and dietary supplements) with potentially serious apixaban interactions and assess patient knowledge of potential interactions.DESIGNCross‐sectional survey.SETTINGAcademic‐affiliated outpatient medical practices in northern and southern California.PARTICIPANTSA total of 791 English‐ or Spanish‐speaking patients prescribed apixaban.MEASUREMENTSUse and knowledge of OTC medications and dietary supplements with potentially serious apixaban interactions.RESULTSAlmost all respondents (n = 771; 97.5%) reported OTC product use. Of respondents, 33% (n = 266) took at least one OTC product with potentially serious apixaban interactions daily/most days and 53 (6.7%) took multiple products (mean = 2.6 [SD = 2.6]). Aspirin was taken daily by 116 (14.7%; of which 75 [64.7%] also consumed other potentially interacting OTC products), and some days/as needed by an additional 82 (10.4%). Ibuprofen and naproxen were taken daily/most days by 14 (1.8%) and occasionally by 225 (28.5%). Dietary supplements with potentially serious interactions were taken daily/most days by 160 (20.2%). Approximately 66% of respondents were either uncertain or incorrect about the potential for increased bleeding from combining nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and apixaban. Less knowledge about OTC products with potentially serious interactions was associated with greater OTC product use (odds ratio = 0.54; 95% confidence interval = 0.35‐0.85).CONCLUSIONSignificant numbers of patients take OTC products (particularly dietary supplements) with potentially serious interactions with the DOAC apixaban and appear to lack knowledge about potentially harmful interactions. Interventions are needed to educate patients and healthcare providers about potential dangers of taking interacting OTC products in combination with apixaban, and data are needed on outcomes associated with concomitant apixaban–OTC product use. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:155–162, 2019
Concordance of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, second and third editions
Authors: Farmer C. , Adedipe D. , Bal V. H. , Chlebowski C. , Thurm A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundBecause of its centrality in the conceptualization of intellectual disability, reliable and valid measurement of adaptive behaviour is important to both research and clinical practice. The manual of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, recently released in its third edition, provides limited reliability information obtained from a sample composed primarily of typically developing individuals. The goal of this study was to evaluate the concordance of the Vineland‐3 with the Vineland‐II in a sample more similar in ability level to those in which the Vineland is commonly used.MethodsBoth editions of the Vineland Interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 106 parents/caregivers of individuals with neurodevelopmental disability, participating at two neurodevelopmental disorder research clinics. Administrations were up to 7 days apart, but most (90%) were simultaneous. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) (95% confidence interval) and mean differences (95% confidence interval) were calculated for domain standard scores and subdomain v‐scale scores.ResultsDomain‐level CCC ranged from 0.78 [0.70, 0.84] (Communication) to 0.86 [0.76, 0.92] (Motor). Subdomain CCC ranged from 0.71 [0.62, 0.78] (Receptive Language) to 0.91 [0.85, 0.95] (Fine Motor). Vineland‐3 scores were lower than Vineland‐II scores; 77% of participants had lower Adaptive Behavior Composite scores on the Vineland‐3 than on the Vineland‐II. For the subdomains, the magnitude of this difference depended upon the level of adaptive behaviour. For Communication, the domain with the lowest CCC, the mean difference ranged from −13.70 [−8.03, −19.35] for a Vineland‐II score or 85 to a difference of −19.18 [−12.28, −26.87] for a Vineland‐II score of 40.DiscussionAmongst individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, the Vineland‐3 produces lower scores than the Vineland‐II, and these clinically significant differences tend to be larger for individuals with lower levels of ability. Thus, care must be taken in interpreting scores from the Vineland‐3 relative to those obtained from the previous edition.
Palmoplantar depigmentation in Macaca fascicularis following Blaschko linear pattern
Authors: Bouzon Aline Crespo , Meireles Bárbara Cristina Da Silva , Souza Igo Vieira , Dias Fabiano Venancio , Goldschmidt Beatriz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHypomelanosis of Ito is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome, characterized by streaks and swirls of hypopigmentation arranged in a Blaschkoid pattern. Other associated anomalies are observed. We report a case of a male cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) who presented the characteristic of hypomelanosis of Ito with palmoplantar involvement and polythelia.
Effects of a foliar fertilizer containing boron on the development of Sclerotinia stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) on canola (Brassica napus L.) leaves
Authors: Ni Li , Punja Zamir K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSclerotinia stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lib. De Bary) is one of the most destructive fungal diseases on canola (Brassica napus L.). The effect of a foliar fertilizer containing 3% boron (Active Flower™ [AF]) in reducing disease severity was evaluated. AF at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 ml/100 ml was first tested for growth inhibition of S. sclerotiorum in potato dextrose broth. Growth was reduced at 0.5 ml/100 ml by around 90%. Boric acid (BA), an important component of AF, was tested against fungal growth at 10 ml/L, and no significant effect (p = .05) was found. Foliar applications of AF and AF formulation that did not contain boron at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 ml/100 ml were made weekly to canola ‘Westar’ grown under greenhouse conditions. Treatments were also made with BA at 10 ml/L to canola plants. After four applications, AF at 0.5 ml/100 ml and BA at 10 ml/L enhanced boron levels in leaves by fivefold and threefold, respectively, compared with the control. Lesion size of S. sclerotiorum on detached leaves was significantly (p < .05) reduced by AF at 0.5 ml/100 ml, but lesion size was not reduced on AFWB‐treated leaves. Experiments were repeated twice with the same results. Levels of phenolic compounds in leaves treated with 0.5 ml/100 ml AF were enhanced by twofold compared with the control. There were no significant differences in lignin, peroxidase (POD) or polyphenoloxidase (PPO) between the control and AF treatments. These results suggest that enhanced boron levels in canola leaves were associated with a suppressive effect on disease due to S. sclerotiorum.
Perseverance, faith and stoicism: a qualitative study of medical student perspectives on managing fatigue
Authors: Taylor Taryn S , Raynard Alexandra L , Lingard Lorelei 
Published: October 2019

ContextFatigue risk management (FRM) strategies offer a potential solution to the widespread problem of fatigued trainees in the clinical workplace. These strategies assume a shared perception that fatigue is hazardous. Despite the growing body of evidence suggesting that fatigue leads to burnout and medical errors, previous research suggests that residents perceive fatigue as a personal, surmountable burden rather than an occupational hazard. Before we can implement FRM, we need a better understanding of when and how such problematic notions of fatigue are adopted by medical trainees. Thus, we sought to explore how third‐year medical students understand and manage the workplace fatigue they experience during their first year of clinical rotations.MethodsA total of 22 third‐year medical students participated in semi‐structured interviews exploring their perspectives of workplace fatigue. Data collection and analysis occurred iteratively in keeping with constructivist grounded theory methodology and were informed by theoretical sampling to sufficiency.ResultsOur participants described unprecedented levels of sleep deprivation combined with uncertainty and confusion that led to significant fatigue during training. Drawing on their workplace experience, trainees believed that fatigue posed three distinct threats, which evoked different coping strategies: (i) threat to personal health, managed by perseverance; (ii) threat to patients, managed by faith in the system, and (iii) threat to professional reputation, managed by stoicism.ConclusionsOur findings highlight how senior medical students grapple with fatigue, as they understand it, within a training context in which they are expected to deny the impact of their fatigue on patients and themselves. Despite empirical evidence to the contrary, the prevailing assumption amongst our participants is that an ability to withstand sleep deprivation without impairment will develop naturally over time. Efforts to implement FRM strategies will need to address this assumption if these strategies are to be successfully taken up and effective.