bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the Navajo fruit and vegetable prescription programme to improve access to healthy foods in a rural food desert
Authors: Sundberg Michael A , Warren Abigail C , VanWassenhove-Paetzold Joan , George Carmen , Carroll Danya S , Becenti Leandra Jewel , Martinez Akeemi , Jones Burrell , Bachman-Carter Karen , Begay Mae-Gilene , Wilmot Taylor , Sandoval-Soland Henrietta , MacKenzie Onagh , Hamilton Lindsey , Tsosie Memarie , Bradburn Caitlyn K , Ellis Emilie , Malone Jamy , Pon Julia , Fitch Ashley , Selig Sara M , Gall Gail , Shin Sonya S 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:To utilise a community-based participatory approach in the design and implementation of an intervention targeting diet-related health problems on Navajo Nation.Design:A dual strategy approach of community needs/assets assessment and engagement of cross-sectorial partners in programme design with systematic cyclical feedback for programme modifications.Setting:Navajo Nation, USA.Participants:Navajo families with individuals meeting criteria for programme enrolment. Participant enrolment increased with iterative cycles.Results:The Navajo Fruit and Vegetable Prescription (FVRx) Programme.Conclusions:A broad, community-driven and culturally relevant programme design has resulted in a programme able to maintain core programmatic principles, while also allowing for flexible adaptation to changing needs.
The effects of skipping a meal on daily energy intake and diet quality
Authors: Zeballos Eliana , Todd Jessica E 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:To examine whether skipping breakfast or lunch increased the next meal’s energy content and changed total daily energy content and the quality of food intake measured by the 2010 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010).Design:Means were compared across intake days and meal patterns. Multivariate individual fixed-effects model was used to account for individual food intake and diet quality preferences.Setting:National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2016.Participants:Adults aged 18 years or older who reported 2 d (24-h periods) of dietary intake and were not pregnant or lactating (n 23 488).Results:Adults consumed 193 more kJ at lunch after skipping breakfast and 783 more kJ at dinner after skipping breakfast and lunch. Skipping at least one meal reduced total daily intake between 1053 (breakfast) and 1464 (dinner) kJ and reduced the daily HEI score. Skipping breakfast or skipping lunch reduced the HEI component scores for fruit, whole grains, dairy and empty energy; skipping lunch reduced the component scores for fruit, vegetables, whole grain, dairy, seafood and plant protein, and empty energy. Skipping dinner reduced component scores for vegetables, greens and beans, dairy, protein food, seafood and plant proteins, and empty energy. Skipping one or more meals increased component scores for total vegetables (breakfast), whole grains (dinner), Na (lunch or dinner) and refined grains (breakfast, lunch or dinner).Conclusions:Skipping meals (particularly dinner) reduces daily energy intake, but the reduction in daily diet quality (particularly when skipping breakfast) may impact health negatively over time.
Increasing the Q-factor of thin planar dielectric resonator with whispering gallery modes
Authors: Kogut A. E. , Islam M. T. , Kogut E. A. , Eremenko Z. E. , Dolia R. S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe spectral and energy characteristics of the tunable thin planar dielectric resonator with the movable metal mirror are researched. It is found that the high-Q HE-polarized whispering gallery modes (WGMs) are effectively excited in such a resonator by the dielectric waveguide. A mode set of the tunable thin planar dielectric resonator depends on the presence of an air gap in its design. Changing the height of the air gap affects the energy characteristics of the tunable thin planar dielectric resonators (DR). Shifting the resonant fields of WGMs from the dielectric disk to the air gap is the reason for this effect. It is shown that at certain heights of the air gap, increasing the unloaded Q-factor of the tunable thin planar DR and improving the excitation efficiency of WGMs in it is achieved.
A compact, dual-polarized patch antenna with improved Tx–Rx isolation for 2.4 GHz single frequency full-duplex applications
Authors: Nawaz Haq , Basit Muhammad Abdul , Niazi Ahmad Umar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA compact dual-polarized monostatic antenna (single radiator for transmit and receive modes) is presented with differential receive mode operation to achieve excellent interport isolation for 2.4 GHz single frequency full-duplex or in-band full-duplex applications. The presented antenna comprises three ports radiating element (patch) and a simple 3 dB/180o ring hybrid coupler has been utilized for differentially excited receive mode operation. The 3 dB/180o ring hybrid coupler acts as a self-interference cancellation (SIC) circuit for effective suppression of RF leakage from the transmit port to provide very high interport decoupling between transmit and receive ports. A compact antenna structure has been realized by using two-layered printed circuit board through vias interconnections of both receive ports of the antenna with inputs of SIC circuit. The validation model of proposed antenna offers more than 95 dB peak interport isolation. Moreover, the experimentally measured interport isolation is better than 70 dB throughout the antenna's 10 dB return-loss impedance bandwidth (BW) of 50 MHz (2.38–2.43 GHz). Furthermore, the recorded isolation is more than 80 dB in 20 MHz BW. The implemented antenna has good radiation characteristics including nice gain and low cross-polarization levels as endorsed by measurements. Same antenna structure with microstrip-T feeds can provide DC isolated ports with same interport RF isolation performance for active antenna applications. Such antenna with DC interport isolation will avoid the requirements of additional series capacitors on transmit and receive ports of antenna.
The Measurement Invariance of the Short Dark Triad
Authors: Grigoraș Mihaela , Butucescu Andreea , Miulescu Amalia , Opariuc-Dan Cristian , Iliescu Dragoș 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Given the fact that most of the dark personality measures are developed based on data collected in low-stake settings, the present study addresses the appropriateness of their use in high-stake contexts. Specifically, we examined item- and scale-level differential functioning of the Short Dark Triad (SD3; Paulhus & Jones, 2011 ) measure across testing contexts. The Short Dark Triad was administered to applicant ( N = 457) and non-applicant ( N = 592) samples. Item- and scale-level invariances were tested using an Item Response Theory (IRT)-based approach and a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach, respectively. Results show that more than half of the SD3 items were flagged for Differential Item Functioning (DIF), and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) results supported configural, but not metric invariance. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Statistical Analysis of the Preparatory Phase of the Mw 8.1 Iquique Earthquake, Chile
Authors: Aden‐Antóniow F. , Satriano C. , Bernard P. , Poiata N. , Aissaoui E.‐M. , Vilotte J.‐P. , Frank W. B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe 2014 Iquique seismic crisis in Chile, culminating with a Mw 8.1 earthquake on 1 April, highlights a complex unlocking of the Northern Chilean subduction that has been considered a seismic gap since 1877. During the year preceding this event, at least three clusters of seismic activity have been reported: in July 2013 and January and March 2014. Recent studies have proposed large‐scale slab deformation as a potential trigger for the megathrust earthquake, and these clusters possibly indicate aseismic slip transients accompanying the progressive destabilization of the plate contact. However, no evidence of gradual unlocking of the interface or transient deformation has yet been found in the seismicity rate. To address this question, we develop a dense earthquake catalog covering 15 months preceding the mainshock and derived from the continuous waveform data set recorded by the Integrated Plate Boundary Observatory Chile (IPOC) and Iquique Local Network (ILN) networks. After declustering the seismicity, a space‐time analysis highlights a large‐scale acceleration of the seismicity along the interface accompanied by a deceleration of intermediate‐depth earthquakes. We demonstrate the existence of a seismic quiescence downdip of the mainshock rupture before the July 2013 cluster. We propose that this seismic quiescence potentially highlights fluid circulation and/or aseismic motion along upper‐plate crustal fault(s).
Kinematic Subduction Rate Of Labrador Sea Water From an Eddy‐Permitting Numerical Model
Authors: Courtois Peggy , Garcia‐Quintana Yarisbel , Hu Xianmin , Myers Paul G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe use an eddy‐permitting, 1/12° regional configuration of the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) model to examine water mass subduction rates in the Labrador Sea for the 2002–2013 period. An instantaneous kinematic subduction approach is implemented to calculate the subduction rate of Labrador Sea Water (LSW). By following the outcrop positions of a given isopycncal range, we calculate the vertical transport of a water mass from the mixed layer into the permanent thermocline over the course of a year. We examine the importance of the various terms in this approach, including the evolution of the Mixed Layer Depth (MLD), the advection across the base of the Mixed Layer (ML), and the vertical velocity at the base of the ML. We find that the subduction rate is not greatly affected by the definition of the MLD, as long as the integration time is long enough for the subduction‐obduction processes to balance each other. The total LSW subduction rate is ∼4–5 Sv, with similar rates for both Upper (ULSW) and Classical LSWs (CLSW), (∼2–2.5 Sv). After 2008, a shift in the LSW density is found in the simulation. CLSW reaches a maximum rate of 6 Sv in 2008, which is mainly inferred by the instantaneous ML change.
Present and Future Flood Hazard in the Lower Columbia River Estuary: Changing Flood Hazards in the Portland‐Vancouver Metropolitan Area
Authors: Helaire Lumas T. , Talke Stefan A. , Jay David A. , Chang Heejun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOver the next century, model projections suggest that river run‑off in the Pacific Northwest will increase during the winter season and that sea‐level rise (SLR) may exceed a meter. To investigate the resulting changes in flood hazard, we numerically model the February 1996 and January 1923 floods (the largest and third‐largest Willamette River floods since 1900) under present and potential future run‐off and sea level scenarios. First, we reproduce the actual February 1996 flood to within a root‐mean‐square error of 0.05 m (N = 7) for peak water levels. Next, we run scenarios in which three SLR scenarios (0, 0.6, and 1.5 m) are combined with two river run‐off scenarios (0% and 10% run‐off increase). Then the slightly larger 1923 flood scenario is run, but with modern (higher than historical) Columbia River flow. The results indicate that a 10% increase in river run‐off increased the1996 flood magnitude by 0.78 m, while 1923 flow increases flood magnitude by 0.82 m. Overall, the type and magnitude of future flood hazards vary with reach. The Portland/Vancouver Metropolitan area is most sensitive to changes in run‐off, with a smaller change of ~0.2–0.26 m per meter of SLR. By contrast, coastal regions are quite sensitive to amplified sea level and exhibit nonlinear responses based on changes to river slope and tides. Between the fluvial region and the estuary, a region of compound flood hazard exists that is sensitive to changes in river discharge, sea level, tides, and storm surge.
Updraft and Downdraft Core Size and Intensity as Revealed by Radar Wind Profilers: MCS Observations and Idealized Model Comparisons
Authors: Wang Dié , Giangrande Scott E. , Feng Zhe , Hardin Joseph C. , Prein Andreas F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study explores the updraft and downdraft properties of mature stage mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in terms of draft core width, shape, intensity, and mass flux characteristics. The observations use extended radar wind profiler (RWP) and surveillance radar data sets from the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program for midlatitude (Oklahoma, USA) and tropical (Amazon, Brazil) sites. MCS drafts behave qualitatively similar to previous aircraft and RWP cloud summaries. The Oklahoma MCSs indicate larger and more intense convective updraft and downdraft cores, and greater mass flux than Amazon MCS counterparts. However, similar size‐intensity relationships and draft vertical profile behaviors are observed for both regions. Additional similarities include weak positive correlations between core intensity and core width (correlation coefficient r ∼ 0.5) and increases in draft intensity with altitude. A model‐observational intercomparison for draft properties (core width, intensity, and mass flux) is also performed to illustrate the potential usefulness of statistical observed draft characterizations. Idealized simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting model aligned with midlatitude MCS conditions are performed at model grid spacings (△x) that range from 4 km to 250 m. It is shown that the simulations performed at △x = 250 m at similar mature MCS lifecycle stages are those that exhibit draft intensity, width, mass flux, and shape parameter performances best matching with observed properties.
Simulated Thermohaline Fingerprints in Response to Different Greenland‐Scotland Ridge and Fram Strait Subsidence Histories
Authors: Hossain Akil , Knorr Gregor , Lohmann Gerrit , Stärz Michael , Jokat Wilfried 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChanges in ocean gateway configuration can induce basin‐scale rearrangements in ocean current characteristics. However, there is large uncertainty in the relative timing of the Oligocene/Miocene subsidence histories of the Greenland‐Scotland Ridge (GSR) and the Fram Strait (FS). By using a climate model, we investigate the temperature and salinity changes in response to the subsidence of these two key ocean gateways during early to middle Miocene. For a singular subsidence of the GSR, we detect warming and a salinity increase in the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean. As convection sites shift to the north of Iceland, North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) is formed at cooler temperatures. The associated deep ocean cooling and upwelling of deep waters to the Southern Ocean surface can cause a cooling in the southern high latitudes. These characteristic responses to the GSR deepening are independent of the FS being shallow or deep. An isolated subsidence of the FS gateway for a deep GSR shows less pronounced warming and salinity increase in the Nordic Seas. Arctic temperatures remain unaltered, but a stronger salinity increase is detected, which further increases the density of NADW. The increase in salinity enhances the contribution of NADW to the abyssal ocean at the expense of the colder southern source water component. These relative changes largely counteract each other and cause a negligible warming in the upwelling regions of the Southern Ocean.
Idealized Model for the Deflection of Sediment Into Lateral Branches of Lowland Rivers
Authors: Kästner K. , Hoitink A. J. F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe division of sediment at river bifurcations is crucial for the morphodynamics of anastamosing rivers and distributary delta channel networks. Many river bifurcations are strongly asymmetric and have a planform where a small channel branches off to the side. Such a configuration is also typical for man‐made diversions of water and sediment into canals. At asymmetric bifurcations, the division of sediment is influenced by the secondary current, which is caused by the turning of the flow toward the side. The secondary currents cause especially water from the lower parts of the water column to be diverted into the side branch. As the sediment concentration close to the bottom is high, side branches can receive a disproportionately large fraction of the incoming sediment load, relative to the water discharge. Lateral diversions have been extensively studied with physical and numerical experiments, with the goal to either mitigate or exploit this effect. However, a systematic mathematical analysis of the parameter space has not yet appeared in the literature. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis by way of an idealized model, revealing how the division of sediment is influenced by the width and depth of the branches. We show that the excess of sediment that is diverted into the side branch is lower when the inlet to the side branch is wider and shallower. This may have larger implications for the stability of delta channel networks, as inlets to side branches tend to be locally wider, which likely contributes to their morphological stability.
Defining Robustness, Vulnerabilities, and Consequential Scenarios for Diverse Stakeholder Interests in Institutionally Complex River Basins
Authors: Hadjimichael Antonia , Quinn Julianne , Wilson Erin , Reed Patrick , Basdekas Leon , Yates David , Garrison Michelle 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Upper Basin of the Colorado River in the southwestern United States supports municipal, industrial, agricultural, and recreational activities worth an estimated $300 billion/year within the state of Colorado alone. The allocation of water to these activities is fundamentally shaped by water rights that in turn distribute risks among a diverse suite of sectors and stakeholders. In this study, we assess the vulnerabilities faced by the hierarchy of hundreds of water users in the portion of the Upper Basin within the state of Colorado, as a result of changes in hydrologic extremes, demand growth, and institutional and physical infrastructure in the basin. We also determine how robust the different users are to these potential changes, examining how their sensitivity to these factors depends on the magnitude and frequency of shortage they are unwilling to exceed. This advances previous robustness evaluation methods by formalizing an a posteriori exploration of alternative definitions of robustness tailored to each user's unique context. Our analysis reveals that robustness varies significantly not only across users but also across different definitions of acceptable performance for each user. We further show the importance of using scenario discovery to evaluate how the factors that drive consequential scenarios differ depending on the definition of robustness. Our results highlight the need for robustness and vulnerability frameworks to avoid broad categorical aggregations of stakeholder groups, to carefully capture complex institutional dependencies (e.g., water rights), and to facilitate a more transparent illustration of the implications of alternative definitions of robustness for specific stakeholders.
Unraveling Scaling Properties of Slow‐Slip Events
Authors: Dal Zilio Luca , Lapusta Nadia , Avouac Jean‐Philippe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA major debate in geophysics is whether earthquakes and slow‐slip events (SSEs) arise from similar failure mechanisms. Recent observations from different subduction zones suggest that SSEs follow the same moment‐duration scaling as earthquakes, unlike qualitatively different scaling proposed by earlier studies. Here, we examine the scaling properties using dynamic simulations of frictional sliding. The resulting sequences of SSEs match observations from the Cascadia subduction zone, including the earthquake‐like cubic moment‐duration scaling. In contrast to conventional and widely used assumptions of magnitude‐invariant rupture velocities and stress drops, both simulated and natural SSEs have rupture velocities and stress drops that increase with event magnitudes. These findings support the same frictional origin for both earthquakes and SSEs while suggesting a new explanation for the observed SSEs scaling.
An Empirical Power Density‐Based Friction Law and Its Implications for Coherent Landslide Mobility
Authors: Deng Yu , Yan Shuaixing , Scaringi Gianvito , Liu Wei , He Siming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe evolution of the shear resistance at the base of a coherent landslide body can effectively control its dynamic behavior. High‐velocity rotary shear experiments have allowed scientists to explore stress‐strain conditions close to those found in large landslides and faults. These experiments have led to two alternative models being proposed, which describe the evolution of the shear resistance through friction laws that depend either on normal stress or on velocity. Here, we discuss an integrated approach, first proposed to study seismic fault behavior, that reconciles these two models under a single parameter—the power density—which we utilize for the first time to investigate landslide dynamics. Using thermodynamic and process‐based considerations, different soil and rock types can be related to different weakening mechanisms, which in turn can determine different landslide behaviors.
A Conceptual Model for Anticipating the Impact of Landscape Evolution on Groundwater Recharge in Degrading Permafrost Environments
Authors: Young N. L. , Lemieux J.‐M. , Delottier H. , Fortier R. , Fortier P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTemperatures in the arctic and subarctic are rising at more than twice the rate of the global average, driving the accelerated thawing of permafrost across the region. The impacts of permafrost degradation have been studied in the discontinuous permafrost zone at Umiujaq, in northern Quebec, Canada, for over 30 years, but the effects of changing land cover on groundwater recharge are not well understood. The water table fluctuation method was used to compute groundwater recharge using 4 years of water level data and soil moisture readings from five field sites characteristic of different stages of permafrost degradation and vegetation invasion. Results indicate that as vegetation grows taller, groundwater recharge increases, likely due to increased snow thickness. Results were then combined with a preexisting conceptual model that describes the evolution from tundra to shrubland and forests to create a new model for describing how groundwater recharge is affected by landscape evolution.
Global Distribution of Whistler Mode Waves in Jovian Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Li W. , Shen X.‐C. , Menietti J. D. , Ma Q. , Zhang X.‐J. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhistler mode waves are suggested to play a dual role in precipitation loss and acceleration of energetic electrons in Jovian magnetosphere. Using the combined wave data from Juno and Galileo, we constructed global maps of whistler mode waves in the Jovian inner magnetosphere (M‐shell <20). Whistler mode waves are found to be extensively present over M‐shells from 6 to ~13, peaking at ~10, and extend to magnetic latitudes at least up to 50°. Whistler mode wave intensities vary from a few pT to ~100 pT, similar to the intensity level at Earth. The new finding on the latitudinal extension of whistler mode waves indicates their potential effects on electron precipitation over a broad energy range from ~100 eV to several MeV. The newly constructed whistler mode wave spectra are crucial for evaluating the accurate role of whistler mode waves in energetic electron dynamics in the Jovian inner magnetosphere.