bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid waste management in non-State armed group-controlled areas of Syria case study - Jisr-Ash-Shugur-district
Authors: Saghir Abdullah 
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study
(technical assessment) is to understand the effect of the Syrian crisis on the
solid waste management (SWM) sector in Non-State Armed Group (NSAG) controlled
areas and define the worst communities located in Jisr-Ash-Shugur-district
(JASD)/Idleb governorate of Syria. The assessment showed that: SWM sector, in
general, is not supported by Non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The number
of communities of JASD is ninety-nine about 262,246 persons (113,382 Internally
Displaced Persons (IDPs),147,449 resident population, 1,415 returnees, and
population) live in it, all these local councils are not received or supported
by SW equipment, tools, and machines, About seventy communities out of
ninety-nine communities (92195 persons of 262,246 persons) of JASD does not
have dedicated works for solid waste collection , and Eighty 80 communities (120,237 persons of
262,246 persons) do not have SW containers, and 67 communities (77,195 persons
of 262,246 do not have solid waste tractors with a trails are necessary for
SWM. the average, maximum and minimum of SW production per capita at JASD
communities (0.21; 0.79; 0.02) kg day-1. All the landfills of JASD are
not sanitary and could be considered a randomly dumps.
Promoting Higher Education Abroad Program in Science and Engineering to Indonesian High Schools: Methods, Challenges and Recommendations
Authors: Triawan F. , Biddinika M. K. , Hanaoka S. , Budiman B. A. 
Published: December 2019

This paper examines the promotional activities of higher education abroad program of Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech), Japan, namely Global Scientists and Engineers Program (GSEP), that was carried out in Indonesia. The objective is to document the lessons learned in the form of promotional methods, to identify the challenges, and to summarize some reccomendations. GSEP is an international Bachelor of Engineering degree program in Tokyo Tech majoring in Transdisciplicnary Scince and Engineering that is launched in 2015. This program is fully taught in English, thus it expects to attract more international students, such as from Asian countries, to pursue higher education in Tokyo Tech. For this reason, the promotional activities in Indonesia was done in August 2016 by presentation in front of thirteen high schools in Jakarta and nearby. For improvement of future promotion effort, participants were requested to express their evaluation regarding content and delivery of the material presentation by fulfilling questionnaire survey. The results reveal several interesting facts about Indonesian high school students, such as their willingness to study abroad even without scholarship, and some important aspects on how to effectively promote higher education abroad program in science and engineering in Indonesia.
Aprendizagem colaborativa desenvolvida em ambientes virtuais
Authors: Pacheco Rafael Scheffer , Rocha Filho João Bernardes , Lahm Regis Alexandre 
Published: December 2019

Resumo: O presente artigo descreve uma investigação que avaliou a utilização de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem colaborativa no processo de construção de conhecimentos sobre ciências da natureza em um grupo de 16 estudantes do terceiro ano do ensino médio de uma escola pública localizada na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. A pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso e os relatos coletados foram analisados por Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD), com categorias emergentes. O ambiente virtual utilizado foi disponibilizado pela empresa Microsoft® na plataforma OneDrive®. Os participantes identificaram contribuições proporcionadas pelo uso do ambiente virtual e da tecnologia em sala de aula, assinalando seus benefícios para o processo educacional. Entre os argumentos encontrados nas respostas dos participantes, estão os seguintes: o aumento da mobilidade proporcionada pelos recursos tecnológicos; a capacidade de a virtualidade possibilitar o surgimento de múltiplos processos de experimentação; a redução da sensação de distanciamento dos educandos entre si, e destes em relação ao professor; a superação dos limites impostos pelo tempo e espaço da sala de aula transmissiva e; a potencialização do questionamento reconstrutivo, à medida que os recursos para a busca de informações ficam à disposição e podem ser prontamente acessados e questionados pelo grupo de colaboração. Como resultado, a investigação permitiu concluir que os participantes reconhecem que a aprendizagem colaborativa em ambientes virtuais possibilita a implementação de uma forma prática de educação pela pesquisa, pois se desenvolve ao longo de um processo que implica interação com fontes de consulta e com grupos de trabalho, abrindo a possibilidade do surgimento de novas compreensões e relações.
Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem colaborativa. Ambientes virtuais.
Currículo integrado e práticas pedagógicas nos IFs: mapeamento de pesquisas em bases de dados
Authors: Dos Santos Silveira Samai Serique , Martins Silvana Neumann 
Published: December 2019

Resumo: O presente artigo refere-se ao recorte de uma investigação que está em desenvolvimento na Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates/RS. Teve como objetivo mapear pesquisas que tratam sobre currículo e práticas pedagógicas integradoras nos Institutos Federais de Educação, no período que compreende os anos de 2014 a 2018. Para tanto, trabalhou-se com a abordagem qualitativa e a análise documental. Foram selecionadas quatro fontes para a coleta de informações, a saber: a Base de Dados de Dissertações e Teses da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), o Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, o Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa sobre Trabalho e Educação (GEPTE) e uma obra lançada no I Seminário Nacional do Ensino Médio Integrado, a qual reúne pesquisas na Rede Federal, em diferentes estados do Brasil. A partir do material analisado, permite-se concluir que diversas práticas podem traduzir a integração curricular, sob diferentes perspectivas teóricas e que muitas alternativas integradoras foram evidenciadas em variadas experiências pedagógicas.
Palavras-chave: Práticas Integradoras. Instituto Federal de Educação. Ensino Médio.
Tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC) no ensino de ciências e teorias educacionais: estado do conhecimento
Authors: Marin Jiulia Carla , Bervian Paula Vanessa , Güllich Roque Ismael da Costa 
Published: December 2019

Resumo: O presente trabalho visa à compreensão do uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC), especificamente aspectos referentes à temática “Teorias Educacionais relacionadas às TIC no Ensino de Ciências” em contexto brasileiro. Apresentamos um panorama dos trabalhos relacionados à temática, por meio do estado do conhecimento de teses e dissertações, na Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), entre os anos de 1998 a 2018. Utilizamos a análise de conteúdo de acordo com três etapas: pré-análise, exploração do material e tratamento dos resultados e interpretação. O corpus de análise constitui-se de 15 trabalhos. A partir da análise, elaboramos duas categorias: 1. Contexto das pesquisas relacionadas às TIC e às teorias educacionais no Ensino de Ciências e 2. Enfoque das pesquisas relacionadas às TIC e às teorias educacionais no Ensino de Ciências. A partir da análise, identificamos as regiões, as categorias administrativas e as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), os Programas de Pós-Graduação, tipo de publicação, períodos de frequências de maior preocupação dos pesquisadores em relação à temática. Após a identificação do enfoque das pesquisas referentes aos níveis de ensino e teorias educacionais utilizadas no Ensino de Ciências, evidenciamos que a Educação Básica é o nível de ensino mais investigado. E as teorias mais utilizadas são: histórico-cultural, aprendizagem significativa e desenvolvimento cognitivo. Também foram identificadas, em menor frequência, as teorias: Framework TPACK, Flexibilidade cognitiva, construcionista, conectivismo, Taxonomia de Bloom do Domínio cognitivo e SOLO. Este panorama contribui para apresentar lacunas e propiciar reflexões sobre novas questões de pesquisas a serem investigadas.
Palavras-chave: Tecnologias no ensino. Teorias educacionais. Ensino de Ciências.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK TIRAM PUTIH (Pleurotus ostreatus) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dan Bacillus cereus
Authors: Sukmawati Ika Kurnia 
Published: December 2019

Penyakit infeksi adalah penyakit yang di sebabkan oleh mikroorganisme patogen seperti bakteri, virus, jamur dan parasit. Penyakit infeksi menyebabkan kematian tertinggi di Indonesia, maka perlu dilakukan peneletian untuk menemukan antibmikroba salah satunya adalah dari jamur tiram putih P<em>pleurotus ostreatus</em>) tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak jamur tiram putih (<em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em>) terhadap bakteri pathogen <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, dan<em> Staphylococcus aureus</em>. Penelitian ini diawali dengan proses ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%, kemudian dilakukan pengujian antibakteri dengan menggunakan metode mikrodilusi untuk menentukan nilai Konsentrasi Hambat minimum (KHM) dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum (KBM). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak jamur tiram putih <em>(</em><em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em>) memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri terhadap <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, dan <em>Bacillus cereus</em> dengan nilai KHM 512 µg/mL, sedangkan terhadap <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> memiliki nilai KHM 256 µg/mL.
Gentrifizierung: Kein ‚back to the city‘ – weder von Menschen, noch des Kapitals
Authors: Dangschat Jens 
Published: December 2019

Neil Smith hat mit seinem Frühwerk „Toward a Theory of Gentrification. A Back to the City Movement by Capital, not People“ die dominante nachfrageorientierte Diskussion der Gentrifizierung herausgefordert. Seine Rent-Gap-Theorie trifft jedoch eher auf amerikanische Wohnungsmarkt- und Planungsbedingungen zu. Empirische Überprüfungen in Europa haben ergeben, dass Rent-Gap- und das Europäische ‚Gegenmodell‘ value gap parallel und sich gegenseitig verstärkend wirken. In der aktuellen Situation kommt das Investitionskapital jedoch nicht mehr aus dem Umland zurück in die Stadt, sondern wird als ‚Betongold‘ im globalen Maßstab gehortet und eingesetzt.
ANALISIS DAYA SAING IKAN TUNA DI PROVINSI GORONTALO
Authors: Gobel Muhammad Rizq , Baruwadi Mahludin , Rauf Asda 
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui kecendrungan produksi dan perdagangan ikan tuna, 2) menganalisis daya saing ikan tuna, dan 3) membuat strategi pengembangan daya saing ikan tuna. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode dengan survei primer dan sekunder. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Metode kuantitatif menggunakan analisis RCA dan untuk kualitatif menggunakan analisis tren dan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah 1) perkembangan produksi ikan tuna mengalami fluktuasi, dimana produksi ikan tuna tidak stabil dan selalu berbeda angka produksi tiap tahunnya. 2) Daya saing ikan tuna Provinsi Gorontalo memiliki keunggulan karena hasil perhitungan RCA mendapatkan lebih dari 1, artinya bahwa ikan tuna Provinsi Gorontalo memiliki daya saing yang tinggi di pasar nasional. 3) Analisis SWOT berada di kuadran 1 yaitu strategi agresif. Strategi yang situasinya mendukung secara agresif dan sangat baik karena adanya kekuatan yang dimanfaatkan untuk meraih peluang yang menguntungkan.
Temporal context affects the perceived time of visual events
Authors: Jovanovic Ljubica , Mamassian Pascal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe investigated whether the moment at which an event is perceived depends on its temporal context. Participants learned a mapping between time and space by watching the hand of a clock rotating a full revolution in a fixed duration. Then the hand was removed, and a target disc was flashed within a fixed-interval duration. Participants were to indicate where the hand would have been at the time of the target. In three separate experiments, we estimated the disruption from a distractor disc that was presented before or after the target disc, with a variable time between them. The target was either revealed at the end of the trial or cued beforehand, and in the latter case, was cued by either color or temporal order. We found an attraction to the presentation time of the distractor when both events were attended equally (target revealed at the end). When the target was cued beforehand, the reported time was under- or overestimated, depending on whether the nature of distractor had to be decoded (precued by color) or not (precued by order). In summary, the perceived time of an event is always affected by other events in temporal proximity, but the nature of this effect depends on how each event is attended.
Lorentz Factors of Compact Jets in Black Hole X-Ray Binaries
Authors: Saikia Payaswini , Russell David M. , Bramich D. M. , Miller-Jones James C. A. , Baglio Maria Cristina , Degenaar Nathalie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Compact, continuously launched jets in black hole X-ray binaries (BHXBs) produce radio to optical/IR synchrotron emission. In most BHXBs, an IR excess (above the disk component) is observed when the jet is present in the hard spectral state. We investigate why some BHXBs have prominent IR excesses and some do not, quantified by the amplitude of the IR quenching or recovery over the transition from/to the hard state. We find that the amplitude of the IR excess can be explained by inclination-dependent beaming of the jet synchrotron emission and the projected area of the accretion disk. Furthermore, we see no correlation between the expected and the observed IR excess for Lorentz factor 1, which is strongly supportive of relativistic beaming of the IR emission, confirming that the IR excess is produced by synchrotron emission in a relativistic outflow. Using the amplitude of the jet fade and recovery over state transitions and the known orbital parameters, we constrain for the first time the bulk Lorentz factor range of compact jets in several BHXBs (with all the well-constrained Lorentz factors lying in the range of Γ = 1.3–3.5). Under the assumption that the Lorentz factor distribution of BHXB jets is a power law, we find that

. We also find that the very high amplitude IR fade/recovery seen repeatedly in the BHXB GX 339–4 favors a low inclination angle (

) of the jet.
Deep Chandra Survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud. III. Formation Efficiency of High-mass X-Ray Binaries
Authors: Antoniou Vallia , Zezas Andreas , Drake Jeremy J. , Badenes Carles , Haberl Frank , Wright Nicholas J. , Hong Jaesub , Di Stefano Rosanne , Gaetz Terrance J. , Long Knox S. , Plucinsky Paul P. , Sasaki Manami , Williams Benjamin F. , Winkler P. Frank ,   SMC XVP collaboration
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We have compiled the most complete census of high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) in the Small Magellanic Cloud with the aim to investigate the formation efficiency of young accreting binaries in its low-metallicity environment. In total, we use 123 X-ray sources with detections in our Chandra X-ray Visionary Program (XVP), supplemented by 14 additional (likely and confirmed) HMXBs identified by Haberl & Sturm that fall within the XVP area, but are neither detected in our survey (nine sources) nor matched with any of the 127 sources identified in the XVP data (five sources). Specifically, we examine the number ratio of the HMXBs [N(HMXBs)] to (a) the number of OB stars, (b) the local star formation rate (SFR), and (c) the stellar mass produced during the specific star formation burst, all as a function of the age of their parent stellar populations. Each of these indicators serves a different role, but in all cases we find that the HMXB formation efficiency increases as a function of time (following a burst of star formation) up to ∼40–60 Myr, and then gradually decreases. The formation efficiency peaks at ∼30–40 Myr with average rates of

, and N(HMXB)/M

, in good agreement with previous estimates of the average formation efficiency in the broad ∼20–60 Myr age range.
Classification of New X-Ray Counterparts for Fermi Unassociated Gamma-Ray Sources Using the Swift X-Ray Telescope
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Falcone Abraham D. , Stroh Michael D. , Kennea Jamie A. , Ferrara Elizabeth C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Approximately one-third of the gamma-ray sources in the third Fermi-LAT catalog are unidentified or unassociated with objects at other wavelengths. Observations with the X-Ray Telescope on the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Swift-XRT) have yielded possible counterparts in ∼30% of these source regions. The objective of this work is to identify the nature of these possible counterparts, utilizing their gamma-ray properties coupled with the Swift derived X-ray properties. The majority of the known sources in the Fermi catalogs are blazars, which constitute the bulk of the extragalactic gamma-ray source population. The galactic population on the other hand is dominated by pulsars. Overall, these two categories constitute the majority of all gamma-ray objects. Blazars and pulsars occupy different parameter space when X-ray fluxes are compared with various gamma-ray properties. In this work, we utilize the X-ray observations performed with the Swift-XRT for the unknown Fermi sources and compare their X-ray and gamma-ray properties to differentiate between the two source classes. We employ two machine-learning algorithms, decision tree and random forest (RF) classifier, to our high signal-to-noise ratio sample of 217 sources, each of which corresponds to Fermi unassociated regions. The accuracy scores for both methods were found to be 97% and 99%, respectively. The RF classifier, which is based on the application of a multitude of decision trees, associated a probability value (P
bzr) for each source to be a blazar. This yielded 173 blazar candidates from this source sample, with P
bzr ≥ 90% for each of these sources, and 134 of these possible blazar source associations had P
bzr ≥ 99%. The results yielded 13 sources with P
bzr ≤ 10%, which we deemed as reasonable candidates for pulsars, seven of which result with P
bzr ≤ 1%. There were 31 sources that exhibited intermediate probabilities and were termed ambiguous due to their unclear characterization as a pulsar or a blazar.
Spectral Analysis of Fermi-LAT Gamma-Ray Bursts with Known Redshift and their Potential Use as Cosmological Standard Candles
Authors: Dirirsa F. Fana , Razzaque S. , Piron F. , Arimoto M. , Axelsson M. , Kocevski D. , Longo F. , Ohno M. , Zhu S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Long duration gamma-ray bursts may serve as standard candles to constrain cosmological parameters by probing the Hubble diagram well beyond the range of redshift currently accessible using SNe Ia. The standardization of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is based on phenomenological relations between two or more parameters found from spectral modeling, one of which is strongly dependent on the cosmological model. The Amati relation links the source-frame energy

at which the prompt gamma-ray spectral energy distribution νF

ν
peaks, and the isotropic-equivalent bolometric energy

emitted during the prompt phase. We performed spectral analysis of 26 GRBs with known redshift that have been detected by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) during its nine years of operations from 2008 July to 2017 September, thus extending the computation of E
iso to the 100 MeV range. Multiple components are required to fit the spectra of a number of GRBs. We found that the Amati relation is satisfied by the 25 LGRBs, with best-fit parameters similar to previous studies that used data from different satellite experiments, while the only short GRB with known redshift is an outlier. Using the Amati relation, we extend the Hubble diagram to redshift 4.35 and constrain the Hubble constant and dark-energy density in the ΛCDM model, with Fermi-LAT GRBs alone and together with another sample of 94 GRBs and with the latest Supernovae type-Ia data. Our results are consistent with the currently acceptable ranges of those cosmological parameters within errors.
Carbon-deficient Red Giants
Authors: Bond Howard E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Carbon-deficient red giants (CDRGs) are a rare class of peculiar red giants, also called “weak G-band” or “weak CH” stars. Their atmospheric compositions show depleted carbon, a low

isotopic ratio, and an overabundance of nitrogen, indicating that the material at the surface has undergone CN-cycle hydrogen burning. I present Strömgren uvby photometry of nearly all known CDRGs. Barium stars, having an enhanced carbon abundance, exhibit the “Bond–Neff effect”—a broad depression in their energy distributions at ∼4000 Å, recently confirmed to be due to the CH molecule. This gives Ba ii stars unusually low Strömgren c
1 photometric indices. I show that CDRGs, lacking CH absorption, exhibit an “anti-Bond–Neff effect”—higher c
1 indices than normal red giants. Using precise parallaxes from Gaia DR2, I plot CDRGs in the color–magnitude diagram (CMD) and compare them with theoretical evolution tracks. Most CDRGs lie in a fairly tight clump in the CMD, indicating initial masses in the range ∼2–

, if they have evolved as single stars. It is unclear whether they are stars that have just reached the base of the red-giant branch and the first dredge-up of CN-processed material, or are more highly evolved helium-burning stars in the red-giant clump. About 10% of CDRGs have higher masses of ∼4–

, and exhibit unusually high rotational velocities. I show that CDRGs lie at systematically larger distances from the Galactic plane than normal giants, possibly indicating a role of binary mass transfer and mergers. CDRGs continue to present a major puzzle for our understanding of stellar evolution.
Isotopic Signatures of Supernova Nucleosynthesis in Presolar Silicon Carbide Grains of Type AB with Supersolar 14N/15N Ratios
Authors: Hoppe Peter , Stancliffe Richard J. , Pignatari Marco , Amari Sachiko 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We report high-resolution C, N, Al, Si, and S isotope data of 38 presolar SiC grains of type AB. Seventeen of these grains are of subtype AB1 (14N/15N < 440 = solar) and 20 of subtype AB2 (14N/15N ≥ 440), previously proposed to be mainly from supernovae (AB1) and J-type carbon stars (AB2), respectively. Our data are compatible with previously obtained isotope data of AB grains, except that 26Al/27Al ratios of AB1 grains span a narrower range. The data are compared with predictions from supernova models that consider H ingestion into the He shell during the pre-supernova phase. In these models a mixture of explosive H and He burning occurs at the bottom of the He shell during passage of the supernova shock, forming the so-called O/nova zone. Mixing matter from the O/nova zone with matter from the overlying He/C zone and the stellar envelope shows that the isotopic compositions and trends of both AB1 and AB2 grains can be matched within the model uncertainties. This demonstrates that supernovae should be considered as potential sources of AB2 grains, in addition to J-type carbon stars and born-again asymptotic giant branch stars, as previously proposed.