bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The strong substructure and feature attention mechanism for image semantic segmentation
Authors: Zhang Yuhang , Ren Hongshuai , Yang Wensi , Wang Yang , Ye Kejiang , Xu Cheng‐Zhong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSemantic segmentation is a hot topic in computer vision and various deep learning networks are designed to achieve higher accuracy on that by fully exploring the capability of neural networks. This paper aims to address the issue and proposes the substructures with novelty for popular networks. Meanwhile, we present a cross‐channel structure, which simultaneously reduces parameter while the kernel size becomes larger. After that, to overcome the weakness of insufficient dataset which refers to satellite image data, we propose a feature attention mechanism with generative adversarial network to enhance the images' features. We show the recognition result on the satellite image dataset with a large picture. This paper evaluates substructures on the PASCAL VOC2012 dataset and improves the mIOU from 74.68% to 88.15%.
Predictive ability of perennial ryegrass spaced‐plant nurseries for turfgrass and seed production swards in Minnesota
Authors: Heineck Garett C. , Ehlke Nancy J. , Watkins Eric 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTurf‐type perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) success depends on adequate turfgrass quality and economical seed yield. In most breeding programs, spaced plants are the initial unit of selection in which observations of related individuals dictate the selection of superior germplasm for further testing. Therefore, spaced plants must be predictive of seed production and turfgrass growing environments. This study investigated the effectiveness of standard (three plants m−2) and competitive (23 plants m−2) spaced‐plant nurseries as selection environments with respect to two sward environments as well as applying a novel image analysis technique for several key traits. Seed production, turfgrass, and the two spaced‐plant growing environments were tested at two locations in Minnesota. Turfgrass quality traits were measured in 2017 and 2018 and seed production traits were measured in 2018. Automated image analysis was able to predict the traditional visual scoring values at both locations for crown rust (Puccinia coronata f.sp. lolii) severity [Pearson's correlation (rp) > 0.79, P < .001], winter injury (rp > 0.89, P < .001), and turfgrass texture (rp > 0.88, P < .001). Increasing the competition among spaced plants altered the plant phenotype and improved accuracy for vegetative biomass, crown rust severity, seed yield, and, at one location, turfgrass quality. There was no benefit of increasing competition for several traits such as genetic color, fertile tillers, and spikelet number. Although the competitive design was not useful for all traits, pragmatically, the competitive design used less space and often made measurements and observations easier for bunch‐type grasses.
An Electrochemical Beckmann Rearrangement: Traditional Reaction via Modern Radical Mechanism
Authors: Tang Li , Wang Zhi‐Lv , He Yan‐Hong , Guan Zhi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAbstract: Electrosynthesis as a potential means of introducing heteroatoms into the carbon framework is rarely studied. Herein, the electrochemical Beckmann rearrangement, i. e. the direct electrolysis of ketoximes to amides, is presented for the first time. Using a constant current as the driving force, the reaction can be easily carried out under neutral conditions at room temperature. Based on a series of mechanistic studies, a novel radical Beckmann rearrangement mechanism is proposed. This electrochemical Beckmann rearrangement does not follow the trans‐migration rule of the classical Beckmann rearrangement.
Compression therapy for leg oedema in patients with heart failure
Authors: Urbanek Tomasz , Juśko Maciej , Kuczmik Wacław B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe presence of chronic heart failure (CHF) results in a significant risk of leg oedema. Medical compression (MC) treatment is one of the basic methods of leg oedema elimination in patients with chronic venous disease and lymphedema, but it is not routinely considered in subjects with CHF‐related swelling. In the study, an overview of the current knowledge related to the benefits and risk of using MC in the supportive treatment of leg oedema in CHF patients is presented. The available studies dedicated the comprehensive management of leg swelling using MC in CHF patients published in the English language literature till December 2019 were evaluated in term of the treatment efficacy and safety. In studies performed on CHF populations, manual lymphatic drainage, MC stocking, multilayer bandaged, as well as intermittent pneumatic compression or electric calf stimulations were used. The current evidence is based on non‐randomized studies, small study cohorts, as well as very heterogenous populations. The use of the intermittent pneumatic compression in CHF patients significantly increases the right auricular pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressures as well as decreases systemic vascular resistance in most patients without the clinical worsening. The transient and rapid increase in the human atrial natriuretic peptide, after an application of the MC stocking in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II patients was observed without clinical exacerbation. An application of the multilayer bandages in NYHA classes III and IV patients lead a significant increase in the right arterial pressure and lead to transient deterioration of the right and the left ventricular functions. In the manual lymphatic drainage study, aside from expected leg circumference reduction, no clinical worsening was observed. In a pilot study performed in a small cohort of CHF patients, electrical calf stimulation use resulted in a reduction in the lean mass of the legs without cardiac function worsening. The use of local leg compression can be considered stable CHF patients without decompensated heart function for both CHF‐related oedema treatment and for treatment of the concomitant diseases leading to leg swelling occurrence. The use of MC in more severe classes of CHF (NYHA III and IV) should be the subject of future clinical studies to select the safest and most efficient compression method as well as to select the patients who benefit most from this kind of treatment.
ZSF1 rat as animal model for HFpEF: Development of reduced diastolic function and skeletal muscle dysfunction
Authors: Schauer Antje , Draskowski Runa , Jannasch Anett , Kirchhoff Virginia , Goto Keita , Männel Anita , Barthel Peggy , Augstein Antje , Winzer Ephraim , Tugtekin Malte , Labeit Siegfried , Linke Axel , Adams Volker 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsThe prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is still increasing, and so far, no pharmaceutical treatment has proven to be effective. A key obstacle for testing new pharmaceutical substances is the availability of suitable animal models for HFpEF, which realistically reflect the clinical picture. The aim of the present study was to characterize the development of HFpEF and skeletal muscle (SM) dysfunction in ZSF1 rats over time.Methods and resultsEchocardiography and functional analyses of the SM were performed in 6‐, 10‐, 15‐, 20‐, and 32‐week‐old ZSF1‐lean and ZSF1‐obese. Furthermore, myocardial and SM tissue was collected for molecular and histological analyses. HFpEF markers were evident as early as 10 weeks of age. Diastolic dysfunction, confirmed by a significant increase in E/e′, was detectable at 10 weeks. Increased left ventricular mRNA expression of collagen and BNP was detected in ZSF1‐obese animals as early as 15 and 20 weeks, respectively. The loss of muscle force was measurable in the extensor digitorum longus starting at 15 weeks, whereas the soleus muscle function was impaired at Week 32. In addition, at Week 20, markers for aortic valve sclerosis were increased.ConclusionsOur measurements confirmed the appearance of HFpEF in ZSF1‐obese rats as early as 10 weeks of age, most likely as a result of the pre‐existing co‐morbidities. In addition, SM function was reduced after the manifestation of HFpEF. In conclusion, the ZSF1 rat may serve as a suitable animal model to study pharmaceutical strategies for the treatment of HFpEF.
Higher‐mode force response in multi‐story strongback‐braced frames
Authors: Simpson Barbara G. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryStrongback‐braced frames employ an essentially elastic steel truss, or strongback, that distributes demands more uniformly to delay or prevent story mechanisms. Because inertial forces are no longer limited by the formation of a story mechanism, strongback‐braced frames can exhibit large elastic force demands, particularly in the higher modes. This paper characterizes the higher‐mode force response of strongback‐braced frames. Four‐story archetypes were designed using nonlinear dynamic analyses to incorporate higher‐mode force demands into the design process. The response of the archetypes was compared with that of reference buckling‐restrained braced frames that were allowed to form story mechanisms. The force demands in the strongback were then described using equivalent‐static forces to represent the inertial forces induced by the higher modes. Force demands in the strongback arise from a yielding first‐mode ‘pivoting’ and elastic higher‐mode ‘bending’ response. These higher‐mode force demands are elastic, ill‐constrained by the strength of the yield mechanism, and depend significantly on the choice of ground motion record used for the analysis. In remaining elastic in the higher modes, the strongback distributes demands more uniformly and mitigates the formation of story mechanisms. Consequently, design and analysis methods for strongback‐braced frames need to include estimates for these near‐elastic higher‐mode force demands.
Boundary variation diminishing algorithm for high‐order local polynomial‐based schemes
Authors: Abe Yoshiaki , Sun Ziyao , Xiao Feng 
Published: July 2020

SummaryA novel approach for selecting appropriate reconstructions is implemented to the hyperbolic conservation laws in the high‐order local polynomial‐based framework, for example, the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) and flux reconstruction (FR) schemes. The high‐order polynomial approximation generally fails to correctly capture a strong discontinuity inside a cell due to the Gibbs phenomenon, which is replaced by more stable approximation on the basis of a troubled‐cell indicator such as that used with the total variation bounded (TVB) limiter. This paper examines the applicability of a new algorithm, so‐called boundary variation diminishing (BVD) reconstruction, to the weighted essentially nonoscillatory methodology in the FR framework including the nodal type DG method. The BVD reconstruction adaptively chooses a proper approximation for the solution function so as to minimize the jump between values at the left and right side of cell boundaries. The results of the BVD algorithm are comparable to those with the conventional TVB limiter in terms of oscillation suppression and numerical dissipation in one‐dimensional linear advection and nonlinear system equations, while the TVB limiter performs better in the case with strong discontinuities (the blast wave problem in the Euler equations). Overall, since the present BVD algorithm does not need any ad hoc constant such as the TVB parameter, it could be more reliable than the conventional TVB limiter that is often used in the DG and FR communities for shocks and other discontinuities. The proposed method would lead to a parameter‐free robust algorithm for the local polynomial‐based high‐order schemes.
Oral squamous carcinoma: Aggressive tumor pattern of invasion predicts direct mandible invasion
Authors: Yue Lauren E. , Sharif Kayvon F. , Sims John R. , Sandler Mykayla L. , Baik Fred M. , Sobotka Stanislaw , Everest Sedef , Brandwein‐Weber Margaret , Khorsandi Azita S. , Likhterov Ilya , Urken Mark L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAggressive histologic worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) in surrounding soft tissue has been shown to be predictive of higher local recurrence and poorer survival in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) patients. This study investigates whether aggressive WPOI can predict the mandibular invasion phenotype.MethodsPatients consecutively diagnosed with OCSCC undergoing a mandibulectomy (marginal or segmental) between 2013 and 2018 were reviewed. Senior physicians re‐reviewed radiologic scans and pathologic slides of 44 cases.ResultsAggressive WPOI (WPOI‐4, 5) is significantly associated with infiltrative bone invasion. Non‐aggressive WPOI (WPOI‐1, 2, 3) is significantly associated with the absence of bone invasion.ConclusionsWPOI has become a useful tool that further characterizes the biologic behavior of OCSCC. Potentially, planned surgery may escalate from a marginal to segmental mandibulectomy based on aggressive WPOI for patients with radiographically uncertain cortical status. Further studies are needed to validate the relationship between OCSCC WPOI and mandible status.
Thermal performance of Ag–water nanofluid flow over a curved surface due to chemical reaction using Buongiorno's model
Authors: Mishra Ashish , Kumar Pandey Alok , Kumar Manoj 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn analysis of heat and mass transfer is carried out under the influence of chemical reaction, friction heating, and heat generation/absorption over a curved surface. The impacts of random motion attributes of nanoparticles and thermophoresis are also applied in the expressions of energy and concentration. With the help of assigned transformations, the nonlinear partial differential equations are changed to dimensionless nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Then, the numerical solution is obtained using fourth‐fifth order Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg method via the shooting technique. The impacts of relevant parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration are depicted through graphs and tables. The results illustrate that the lowest concentration distribution of nanofluid is related to the higher value of chemical reaction parameter. Moreover, it is found that thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters have a propensity to increase the temperature profile while curvature parameter decreases the velocity profile. Also, velocity and temperature fields show a similar behavior for the increasing values of volume fraction of the nanoparticles, while a reverse trend is observed in the concentration profile under the same condition. To authenticate the results of the current study, the obtained data were compared with previously published data.
Time‐dependent intrinsic correlation analysis of crude oil and the US dollar based on CEEMDAN
Authors: Peng Qing , Wen Fenghua , Gong Xu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, we analyze the dynamic linkage between crude oil price and the US dollar at multi‐scale frequencies using time‐dependent intrinsic correlation analysis based on the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise. After applying a refined method to extract the trend, we reveal that the overall correlation and the long‐term trend correlation exhibit very similar patterns. The correlation coefficients between crude oil and the US dollar are negative at most of the time; however, the coefficients become positive in certain periods, such as 2013–2014 and 2017–2018. Furthermore, the negative correlations in high frequency intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), with a shorter time horizon, are weaker and display time‐varying characteristics, whereas the correlation in low frequency IMFs, with a longer time horizon, are stronger and more static. The findings of this article may have important implications for investors to construct optimal portfolio diversification.
The relationship between FDI inflows and private investment in Vietnam: Does institutional environment matter?
Authors: Nguyen Van Bon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe recent literature confirms that foreign direct investment (FDI) can crowd out/in private investment. However, questions concerning the FDI–private investment relationship under different kinds of institutional environment is of great interest. This study examines the role of institutional environment in the FDI–private investment relationship in Vietnam using the two‐step GMM Arellano–Bond estimators for a balanced panel data of 52 provinces during the period 2005–2014. More interestingly are the empirical findings. First, both FDI and institutional environment significantly boost private investment. Second, the FDI–private investment relationship completely varies based on the quality of institutional environment. Third, the positive effects of government revenue and government investment remain under different institutional environments. These findings suggest some important implications for governments in developing countries, especially the Vietnam government.
An application of frequency domain approach to the causal nexus between information, communication and technology infrastructure and financial development in selected countries in Africa
Authors: Ibrahim Muazu , Sare Yakubu Awudu , Adam Ibrahim Osman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEarlier studies on the causal relationship between information, communication and technology (ICT) and financial development have relied on a time domain approach, which does not distinguish among the various forms of causality at the different time periods. In this study, we re‐examine the causality nexus between ICT infrastructure and domestic level of financial development in 19 selected countries in Africa using a frequency domain spectral causality test technique that corrects the weaknesses eminent in the existing studies. Our findings suggest that, for most frequency levels, ICT infrastructure and domestic level of financial development in several countries are completely independent confirming the neutrality hypothesis. This holds irrespective of the measure of ICT and finance. We also find evidence to support the demand‐following hypothesis, supply leading hypothesis and feedback hypothesis at different time periods for the different countries under study. Given the findings, we argue that the causal relationship between ICT and financial development is not straightforward as suggested by the existing studies. In addition to indicator of ICT and finance, the extent to which countries' ICT infrastructure relates with their domestic financial sector development is contingent on whether the country is operating in the short, intermediate or long run.
Interest rate pass‐through and exogenous factors: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Ngo Thi Hang , Ariyoshi Akira , Tran Thi Xuan Anh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article examines the efficiency of the monetary policy transmission mechanism in Vietnam by investigating a two‐stage linkage between policy rates and retail bank rates in consideration of exogenous drivers including the asymmetric pass‐through behaviour and the State Bank of Vietnam's significant change on the operational target. The month‐end dataset, and asymmetric error correction model, autoregressive distributed lag regression and vector autoregressive regression are utilized to measure the degree of ultimate pass‐through, adjustment speed, and short‐run pass‐through of the two‐stage interest rate pass‐through process. Our results indicate quick responses in market rates to changes in policy rates; and incomplete long‐run pass‐through coupled with delayed impact and slow adjustment from market rates to retail rates; while the responses appear to be symmetric with respect to the direction of change of rates. Moreover, the positive impact of the State Bank's regime shift on the effectiveness of the interest rate transmission is another important finding of this study. These findings eventually lead to some suggestions on the possible measures to enhance the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission.
Go‐for‐green policies: The role of finance and trade for sustainable development
Authors: Nassani Abdelmohsen A. , Abro Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi , Batool Rubeena , Shah Syed Haider Ali , Hyder Shabir , Zaman Khalid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and income per capita (GDPpc) is widely discussed in the environmental literature, generally known as ‘Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)’. The study primarily contributes to the literature on the EKC by (a) focusing on a sample of less developed countries (LDCs), (b) controlling for per capita GDP scaled by a factor of two (in logs), (c) controlling for lagged per capita GDP squared (in logs), and (d) controlling for per capita GDP cubed (in logs). The effect of environmental regulation on trade and FDI inflows evaluates the ‘Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH)’ across nations. The extended version of the EKC (EV‐EKC) framework validates the population‐based emission, generally known as ‘IPAT hypothesis’ where (I) is measured by air pollution (i.e. CO2 emissions), (P) is measured by population growth, (A) is measured by GDPpc, and (T) is measured by FDI inflows, trade, and energy demand. The study selected a panel of 24 LICs for the period of 2002–2016 for robust inferences. The results supported the inverted U‐shaped EKC hypothesis under the new beta's transformation in panel econometric techniques. The results partially supported the ‘PHH’ where FDI inflows are significantly associated with the CO2 emissions; while trade openness is not statistically significant in the prescribed regression apparatus. Population growth decreases carbon emissions to support the ‘genius’ principle, which rejected the IPAT hypothesis, whereas energy demand increases carbon emissions across countries.
Information in daily data volatility measurements
Authors: Kawakatsu Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper evaluates the information content in daily volatility measures that utilize OHLC (Open‐High‐Low‐Close) price data. An encompassing regression framework is used to evaluate the absolute and relative information contain in such measures. 2‐step GMM (generalized method of moments) estimates using two sets of instruments are used to address potential bias from measurement errors. The evidence using S&P 500 index data suggest that volatility measures that use OHLC data encompass those based only on close‐to‐close returns or high‐minus‐low ranges. However, the proposed instruments do not all pass statistical tests of instrument validity and the identification robust confidence set can be quite large.