bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Milton's Satan in China
Authors: Hao Tianhu 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Milton's Satan matters in the cultural life of China because his fighting spirit has inspired the Chinese struggle for national liberation in the past and because Satan as a poetic figure of moral reality created by a “radical humanist” is still instructive for Chinese atheist readers. Significantly, Lu Xun interpreted Milton and Satan from the perspective of atheism in the early twentieth century. Later readers, conspicuously Jin Fashen, an important Milton translator and a student of William Empson, have inherited what I call the “Lu Xun tradition.” This article outlines the vicissitudes of Milton's Satan in China to show the character's contemporary significance in the country.
Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness: Values for Music Education
Authors: Jorgensen Estelle R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this article, the meaning of values of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness advanced in the Declaration of Independence (1776) are critically examined from musical and educational perspectives. These values are posited not only as American values but as human values. Their theoretical and practical implications for music education are unpacked and their implications for democratic music education are assessed.
Writing For and Not Merely About
Authors: Marcus Hadas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Animals are ubiquitous in literature across all ages and cultures, but their actual presence has seldom been taken seriously, and scholarly endeavors often dismiss them. In Writing for Animals: New Perspectives for Writers and Instructors to Educate and Inspire, 13 fiction writers explore techniques used by themselves and other celebrated authors to make nonhuman worlds more comprehensible to readers, thus instilling us with greater sensitivity. This book bears testimony to the mounting awareness that animals have been treated badly for eons both in real life and in literature, and that the written word has the unique capability for finally “giving animals the voices they deserve.”
De juridische plicht om euthanasie te bespreken met patiënten met dementie voordat artsen schriftelijke wilsverklaringen kunnen uitvoeren
Authors: Rozemond N. (Klaas) 
Published: September 2020

De juridische plicht om euthanasie te bespreken met patiënten met dementie voordat artsen schriftelijke wilsverklaringen kunnen uitvoeren
Op 21 april 2020 vernietigde de Hoge Raad het oordeel van de medische tuchtcolleges in de zaak van de verpleeghuisarts die het leven van een patiënte met dementie beëindigde zonder de levensbeëindiging eerst met de patiënte te bespreken. Volgens het Regionaal Tuchtcollege Den Haag en het Centraal Tuchtcollege voor de Gezondheidszorg had de arts wel met de patiënte moeten praten over het voornemen om haar leven te beëindigen. Deze rechtsopvatting van de tuchtcolleges heeft een hechte grondslag in gezondheidsrechtelijke en mensenrechtelijke rechtsnormen. Daarom had de Hoge Raad de rechtsopvatting van de tuchtcolleges hierover niet moeten vernietigen, maar bevestigen.
De stelselmatige informatie-inwinning van artikel 126j Sv: transparantie als noodzakelijke voorwaarde voor een effectieve rechtmatigheids- en betrouwbaarheidstoets
Authors: Brinkhoff S. (Sven) 
Published: September 2020

De stelselmatige informatie-inwinning van artikel 126j Sv: transparantie als noodzakelijke voorwaarde voor een effectieve rechtmatigheids- en betrouwbaarheidstoets van een potentieel risicovolle undercovermethode
Eind 2019 wees de Hoge Raad twee arresten in zaken waarin de Mr. Big-methode is ingezet om bewijsmateriaal, in de zin van een bekennende verklaring van de verdachte, te vergaren. In beide zaken is de inzet van deze methode gebaseerd op artikel 126j Sv, het stelselmatig inwinnen van informatie. Naar aanleiding van voornoemde arresten staat de auteur stil bij de verschijningsvormen van de bevoegdheid tot het stelselmatig inwinnen van informatie anno nu en de (juridische) bijzonderheden die daaraan verbonden zijn. Tevens pleit de auteur voor meer transparantie over de inzet van deze undercovermethode als een noodzakelijke voorwaarde voor een effectieve rechtmatigheids- en betrouwbaarheidstoets.
Waarover men niet kan spreken, daarover moet men zwijgen
Authors: Reisinger J.C. (Justus) 
Published: September 2020

Waarover men niet kan spreken, daarover moet men zwijgen
In het straf(proces)recht is het zwijgrecht een fundamenteel recht voor de verdachte. De redenen om gebruik te maken van het zwijgrecht kunnen zeer divers en uiteenlopend zijn: van schuldige tot en met onschuldige, alle gradaties daartussen. Omdat de rechter normaliter niet weet wat de reden is, roept de auteur van het artikel op om niet langer gebruik te maken van het betrekken van het zwijgen van een verdachte in de bewijsvoering. Welbeschouwd is dat – bewijsrechtelijk gezien – ook helemaal niet nodig. Het voorkomt in elk geval (de schijn van) een afbreuk aan de wezenlijke belangen die aan het zwijgrecht ten grondslag liggen.
De witwasgedragingen van de a-grond van artikel 420bis Sr nader beschouwd
Authors: de Graaf F.C.W. (Fanny) 
Published: September 2020

De witwasgedragingen van de a-grond van artikel 420bis Sr nader beschouwd
In deze bijdrage staan de verschillende witwasgedragingen centraal die strafbaar zijn gesteld in artikel 420bis lid 1, aanhef en onder a, Sr (de a-grond). Onderzocht wordt wat de verschillen tussen de in de a-grond opgenomen witwasgedragingen zijn en hoe die kunnen worden verklaard. Daarnaast wordt de verhouding tussen voornoemde witwasgedragingen en de kwalificatie-uitsluitingsgrond nader onderzocht. Daarbij wordt voorgesteld de kwalificatie-uitsluitingsgrond anders in te vullen.
Reflexões sobre a quem servem o agricultor e o educador na perspectiva da educação do campo
Authors: Dal Ongaro Marisa , Schirmer Gerson Jonas 
Published: September 2020

No campo, há uma amplitude de saberes que são revividos e reinventados, permitindo tanto ao agricultor como ao educador um contínuo processo de aperfeiçoamento que complementa a formação continuada e ampliação do conhecimento dos mesmos. Nesse sentido, este artigo, através de pesquisas bibliográficas, objetiva discutir a relevância dos trabalhos realizados pelo educador do campo e do agricultor, principalmente o agricultor familiar, para a sociedade atual. Percebe-se que o educador tem um papel fundamental na busca de uma autonomia do agricultor familiar ao mesmo tempo em que pode servir de instrumento de controle destes pelo Estado. É de suma importancia a formação continuada e a discussão da realidade dos educandos para que não ocorra uma alienação destes, causada pela submissão dos educadores e agricultores frente ao sistema capitalista que visa subjugar e controlar essa parcela da sociedade de acordo com seus interesses. Defende-se que o educador deve, através da práxis, resistir ao sistema e construir em união com a comunidade novos conhecimentos na busca de uma educação significativa, que traga uma identidade ao agricultor familiar.
Analyse spatio-temporelle des lichens comme bio-indicateurs de la qualité de
l’air dans la région de Québec : 1985-1986 à 2016
Authors: Denis Gérard , Bergeron Catherine , Jacob-Racine Romy , Leblanc Michaël , Lavoie Claude 
Published: September 2020

Les lichens, très sensibles à la pollution de l’air, sont souvent absents des
quartiers centraux des grandes agglomérations urbaines (déserts lichéniques). Nous
avons comparé le couvert d’espèces de lichens corticoles sur des arbres inventoriés
dans 105 stations d’échantillonnage dans la ville de Québec en 1985 et 1986 à celui
recensé aux mêmes endroits en 2016. Le couvert lichénique total a augmenté dans 80 %
des stations revisitées en 2016, avec une hausse moyenne de 86 %, toutes espèces et
toutes stations confondues. Candelaria concolor est l’espèce de lichen dont
le couvert a connu la plus forte hausse (+91 %), alors que les 3 espèces les plus
sensibles à la pollution (Evernia mesomorpha, Flavoparmelia caperata et
Punctelia rudecta) sont celles avec les moins fortes hausses. On a
néanmoins détecté la présence de F. caperata dans bien plus de stations en
2016 (34) qu’en 1985 et 1986 (21), y compris dans les quartiers centraux. Le désert
lichénique observé dans les quartiers centraux de Québec en 1985 et 1986 a
totalement disparu en 2016. L’augmentation du couvert lichénique à Québec est
cohérente avec la diminution notable des niveaux de dioxyde de soufre enregistrés
dans la ville depuis le début des années 1990.
Portrait de la pêche hivernale au Québec : historique, gestion et
perspectives
Authors: Bernatchez Simon , Paradis Yves , Brisson-Bonenfant Catherine , Brodeur Philippe , Hatin Daniel , Barrette Marie-France 
Published: September 2020

Entre les années 1960 et 1980, la pêche récréative hivernale au Québec est
graduellement passée d’une pratique marginale à une activité souvent structurée et
prenant la forme de villages de pêche offrant parfois un service de location de
cabanes. Malgré l’importance de cette activité, la pêche hivernale demeure peu
étudiée comparativement à la pêche estivale. Cet article présente un portrait
actualisé de la pêche hivernale au Québec. Les principales espèces recherchées par
les pêcheurs sportifs en hiver sont le doré jaune, le doré noir, la perchaude, le
grand brochet, le poulamon atlantique et l’éperlan arc-en-ciel. Dans les systèmes du
fleuve Saint-Laurent, de l’estuaire et du golfe du Saint-Laurent, de leurs
tributaires et du lac Champlain (baie Missisquoi), 132 sites de pêche hivernale ont
été répertoriés en 2018-2019, totalisant environ 4 700 cabanes de pêche. Les
informations disponibles sur la pêche hivernale dans certaines régions du Québec,
particulièrement en eaux intérieures, demeurent toutefois incomplètes. La pêche
hivernale présente de grandes possibilités de mise en valeur, mais elle engendre une
pression de pêche qu’il importe de considérer dans la gestion des stocks de poissons
au Québec.
Total Bacteria of Post-Thawing Boer Buck Semen with Addition of Sweet Orange Essential Oil to Tris Yolk Extender
Authors: Sitepu Sukma Aditya , Udin Zaituni , Jaswandi . , Hendri . 
Published: September 2020

Aims: To determine the effect of the addition of sweet orange essential oil to the extender (tris yolk extender without the addition of antibiotics/antibacterial) to total bacteria Boer Buck frozen semen.
Study Design: Randomized Block Design.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Laboratory Reproduction of Loka Penelitian Kambing Potong Sei Putih Indonesia, between January and March 2019.
Methodology: The research procedure starts with the preparation of semen extender, collection of fresh semen, dilution of semen, equilibration, freezing of semen, and thawing. This research obtained conducted using a Randomized Block Design consisting of 5 treatment levels and five replications. Semen storage using 3 Boer buck, which done for three days. As a treatment is the addition of sweet orange essential oil as much as (P0) 0%, (P1) 0,25%, (P2) 0,5%, (P3) 0,75% and (P4) 1% on the tris yolk extender. The observed variables was total bacteria evaluated before freezing and after freezing (Post-Thawing).
Results: The results showed that the addition of sweet orange essential oil had a very significant effect (P <0.01). The results of adding sweet orange essential oil to the extender (Post-Thawing) were 78.6 x 102 CFU (P0), 76 x 102 CFU (P1), 73,2 x 102 CFU (P2), 71 x 102 CFU (P3) and 68.6 x 102 CFU (P4).
Conclusion: The best values the total bacteria 68.6 x 102 CFU (P4). It can conclude that the best result of adding sweet orange essential oil to tris yolk extender is (P4) 1%.
Field Performance of Trichoderma harzianum AAUT14 and Bacillus subtilis AAUB95 on Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Growth Promotion and Management of Chocolate Spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.)
Authors: Firdu Zewdineh , Alemu Tesfaye , Assefa Fassil 
Published: September 2020

Aims: This study was done to evaluate the effects of T. harzianum AAUT14 and B.subtilis AAUB95 on chocolate spot (B. fabae) and growth promotion of faba bean.
Study Design: A completely randomized block design was utilized.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, 8º2'N and 39º10’E, Kulumsa, June-November, 2018.
Methodology: Two trails (Trial-1 Ashebeka and Trial-2 Hachalu) were employed. We included T1-Control (B.f only); T2-T. harzianum AAUT14+ B.f; T3-B. subtilis AAUB95+B.f; T4-T. harzianum AAUT14+B. subtilis AAUB95+B.f; T5- MORE 720 WP+B.f; T6- ORZEB+B.f as treatments of the study. The disease development was assessed together with yield and related parameters.
Results: In trail 1, a reduction that varied from 31-61% for disease incidence and 13-33% of severity over T1 upon 70 days after sowing. Upon 90 days, the disease incidence and severity was reduced to 20-50% and 36-51%, respectively. Trichoderma harzianum AAUT14+B.subtilis AAUB95 (T4) reduced the disease incidence and severity showing no significance difference (P=.05) with the chemical fungicide, MORE 720 WP (T5) upon 70 and 90 days of sowing. In trial 2, the microbial inoculants reduced the disease incidence and severity to 28-63% and 17-30% upon 70 days. Likewise, the disease incidence and severity was reduced to 23-51% and 37-54% upon 90 days. In addition, the AUDPC ranged from 1586.1-2250.0%DSU in trial 1 and 1382.0-2454.5%DSU in trial 2. Moreover, leaf area of 68.95cm2 was displayed by T4 in trial 1 and 54.14cm2 in trial 2. In addition, T 4 indicated, 62% and 49% increment of hundred seed dry weight and grain yield estimate in trial 1, and 56% and 55%, increase in trial 2 compared to the uninoculated control. The percentage of healthy pods was 90% and 88.87% in trial 1 and 2, respectively, in the treatment that received T4 and followed by T2 that showed 70.40 and 78.86% in trial 1 and 2, respectively. T4 resulted 4391.45kg/ha and 4378.12kg/ha, that followed by T2 with 3764.58kg/ha and 3654.17kg/ha of yield estimate in trial 1 and 2, respectively. 27-42% and 26-41% of harvest index was exhibited in trial 1 and trial 2, respectively. Furthermore, the seed nitrogen content increased from 33-70% in trial 1 and 29-62% in trial 2. The seed nitrogen content showed 33-70% and 29-62% increment in trial 1 and 2, respectively. Even though the fungicides (T5 and T6), protected the faba bean plants from chocolate spot, there was <10% of seed nitrogen and crudeprotein content increment over the untreated control plants in both varieties.
Conclusion: The mixture of T. harzianum AAUT14 and B. subtilis AAUB95 or in some cases T. harzianum AAUT14 performed best on controlling chocolate spot, growth promotion and yield increment of faba bean.
Transplacental Transmission of Filarial Infections and Its Impact on Oxidative Stress and Immune Responses during Foetal Life in Bamenda, North West Cameroon
Authors: Benardette Lemnui , Mahamat Oumar , Ngum Ntonifor Helen , Dorette Ngwenyi Annie- , Akenji Theresia Kuo 
Published: September 2020

Background: Women commonly harbour filarial infections during their childbearing years, raising the possibility that the developing foetus may be exposed to filarial antigens in the uterus and thereby have altered immunity and susceptibility to infection during early childhood. However, there are no concrete proofs to justify the risk of infections in infants born from mothers having filarial infections during pregnancy.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of microfilariae in umbilical cord blood and respective mothers and to evaluate the relationship between the cord blood filarial infection and the oxidative stress status and concentration of IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, INF-γ and IgG in umbilical cord blood.
Methods: This was a nested case–control study of cords and mothers of normal gestational age (>250 days of gestation). A total of 316 pairs of umbilical cords and mothers were examined. The presence of microfilariae was assessed by microscopy in mothers and cords. Oxidative stress status (total oxidative stress and total oxidative defence) and nitric oxide of umbilical cord and mother’s blood were investigated by the colorimetric method. ELISA was carried out for IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, INF-γ in umbilical cord and mother’s blood. Equally, umbilical cords were subjected to ELISA for total IgG.
Results: Results obtained showed that microfilariae had a prevalence of 32.9% and 29.7% in umbilical cord blood and women at time of delivery respectively. High levels of total oxidative stress (TOS) with low total oxidative defence (TAD) was found in filarial infected (Mf +ve) umbilical cord and mother’s blood compared to controls or uninfected (Mf -ve) cords and mothers blood. IL-2 was lower in the blood of microfilariae infected cords and mothers, while INF-γ, IL-13 and IL-10 were higher as compared to microfilariae negative cords and mothers. Equally, plasma total IgG concentration was higher in microfilariae positive cords compared to the negative cords and positively correlated with IL-10.
Conclusions: There is high frequency of transplacental transmission of microfilariae. Cord blood filarial infections were associated with a high TOS, a protective immune response with low IL-2 and high INF-γ, and a typical Th2 immune response that was associated with higher concentration of immune total IgG regulatory cytokine IL-10 and IL-13 in neonate.
Enhanced super‐resolution reconstruction of T1w time‐resolved 4DMRI in low‐contrast tissue using 2‐step hybrid deformable image registration
Authors: Nie Xingyu , Huang Kirk , Deasy Joseph , Rimner Andreas , Li Guang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeDeformable image registration (DIR) in low‐contrast tissues is often suboptimal because of low visibility of landmarks, low driving‐force to deform, and low penalty for misalignment. We aim to overcome the shortcomings for improved reconstruction of time‐resolved four‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (TR‐4DMRI).Methods and MaterialsSuper‐resolution TR‐4DMRI reconstruction utilizes DIR to combine high‐resolution (highR:2x2x2mm3) breath‐hold (BH) and low‐resolution (lowR:5x5x5mm3) free‐breathing (FB) 3D cine (2Hz) images to achieve clinically acceptable spatiotemporal resolution. A 2‐step hybrid DIR approach was developed to segment low‐dynamic‐range (LDR) regions: low‐intensity lungs and high‐intensity “bodyshell” (=body‐lungs) for DIR refinement after conventional DIR. The intensity in LDR regions was renormalized to the full dynamic range (FDR) to enhance local tissue contrast. A T1‐mapped 4D XCAT digital phantom was created, and seven volunteers and five lung cancer patients were scanned with two BH and one 3D cine series per subject to compare the 1‐step conventional and 2‐step hybrid DIR using: (a) the ground truth in the phantom, (b) highR‐BH references, which were used to simulate 3D cine images by down‐sampling and Rayleigh‐noise‐adding, and (c) cross‐verification between two TR‐4DMRI images reconstructed from two BHs. To assess DIR improvement, 8‐17 blood vessel bifurcations were used in volunteers, and lung tumor position, size, and shape were used in phantom and patients, together with the voxel intensity correlation (VIC), structural similarity (SSIM), and cross‐consistency check (CCC).ResultsThe 2‐step hybrid DIR improves contrast and DIR accuracy. In volunteers, it improves low‐contrast alignment from 6.5 ± 1.8 mm to 3.3 ± 1.0 mm. In phantom, it improves tumor center of mass alignment (COM = 1.3 ± 0.2 mm) and minimizes DIR directional difference. In patients, it produces almost‐identical tumor COM, size, and shape (dice> 0.85) as the reference. The VIC and SSIM are significantly increased and the number of CCC outliers are reduced by half.ConclusionThe 2‐step hybrid DIR improves low‐contrast‐tissue alignment and increases lung tumor fidelity. It is recommended to adopt the 2‐step hybrid DIR for TR‐4DMRI reconstruction.
Cellphone addiction explains how cellphones impair learning for lecture materials
Authors: Lee Seungyeon , McDonough Ian M. , Mendoza Jessica S. , Brasfield Mikenzi B. , Enam Tasnuva , Reynolds Catherine , Pody Benjamin C. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryStudents' cellphone use has been related to poorer learning, possibly due to greater distraction. This study investigated whether cellphone‐related anxiety, addiction, and disconnection were related to distraction and learning as well as how practical educational policies could minimize negative effects. Participants (N = 218) watched a video lecture and were divided into two groups: cellphone‐allowed for academic use (Use‐Cellphone Group) and no cellphone instruction (No‐Instruction Group). During the lecture, participants received several anonymous text messages and overt distracted was measured. Learning was assessed via a test following the video. Our findings showed that participants in the Use‐Cellphone Group experienced a greater degree of distraction and worse test performance than those in the No‐Instruction Group. Only cellphone addiction and distractedness played key roles in impacting the effects of condition on test performance. Thus, allowing cellphones in class may exacerbate existing cellphone addiction behaviors and impair learning.
Evolution of Systemic Sclerosis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease One Year After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation or Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Ciaffi Jacopo , van Leeuwen Nina M. , Boonstra Maaike , Kroft Lucia J. M. , Schouffoer Anne A. , Ninaber Maarten K. , Huizinga Tom W. J. , de Vries‐Bouwstra Jeska K. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and cyclophosphamide (CYC) are treatment options for progressive systemic sclerosis associated with interstitial lung disease (SSc‐ILD). The aims of our retrospective observational study were to evaluate: 1) the evolution of SSc‐ILD in SSc patients treated with HSCT (assessed by high‐resolution computed tomography [HRCT]; a group of patients treated with CYC was included as frame of reference); 2) how results of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are associated with HRCT findings; and 3) which factors predict ILD reduction.MethodsWe semiquantitatively scored total ILD extent, reticulations, and ground‐glass opacities (GGO) scores at baseline and at the 1‐year HRCTs of SSc patients treated with HSCT or CYC. Linear association between changes in HRCT scores and PFT results and predictors of ILD improvement were studied.ResultsWe included 51 patients (those treated with HSCT [n = 20] and those treated with CYC [n = 31]). The mean change in total ILD score was –5.1% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] –10.2, 0.0) in the HSCT treatment group (P = 0.050), and –1.0% (95% CI –4.3, 2.3) in the CYC treatment group (P = 0.535). For all patients, the evolution of HRCT scores was weakly associated with relative changes in PFT results. In univariate logistic regression, higher ground‐glass opacities, higher total ILD, and lower single‐breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide scores at baseline predicted improvement of ILD extent after treatment, but a multivariable model could not be built to assess independency of predictors.ConclusionOne year after treatment with HSCT, a nonsignificant but clear reduction of SSc‐ILD extent was observed. Changes in PFT results were associated with changes in HRCT scores but the correlation was weak and cannot be considered conclusive.