bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perennial Grasses as a Substrate for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Raud Merlin , Kikas Timo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
One of the possible choices as a biomass for lignocellulosic bioethanol production are different perennial grasses. Cultivating this type of biomass has many advantages in terms of natural diversity and landscape protection. In this study, mixture of red clover and timothy grass was used as a feedstock to investigate its potential as a substrate for bioethanol production. Traditional three step bioethanol production process was used in combination with NED pretreatment. The results show at all pretreatment temperatures similar glucose concentrations and hydrolysis efficiencies, which varied from 4.3 to 5.1 g/l and 15.2 % to 17.7 %, respectively. The ethanol yield, on the other hand, decreased as the pretreatment temperature increased. However, the mass balance revealed that when using this kind of feedstock, 3.3-4.0 g ethanol could be produced from 100 g of biomass. The overall efficiency and yield of the process was lower than expected due to pretreatment, which might not have been suitable for soft biomass.
Effect of N:P Ratio on Microalgae/Nitrifying Bacteria Community in Agro-Digestate Treatment
Authors: Bellucci Micol , Marazzi Francesca , Ficara Elena , Mezzanotte Valeria 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The role of P content on the treatment and valorization of the liquid fraction of digestate, namely centrate, through microalgae-based technologies was evaluated in this study. The performance of four column photobioreactors, which were fed on diluted centrate with corrected (10 mg N/ mg P) and not modified (129 mg N/ mg P) N:P ratio, were monitored and compared. The results demonstrated that P shortage in the centrate affected neither the total nitrogen and COD removal rate nor the volumetric biomass productivity, suggesting that expensive addition of P salts is not necessary to maximize the efficiency of the process. On the contrary, the addition of P to the centrate promoted the ammonia oxidation process as higher nitrite production was observed in the photobioreactors with adjusted N:P ratio than in the ones fed with the non-adjusted N:P ratio. These findings were confirmed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization and quantitative PCR assays, which revealed a higher number of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the microalgal suspensions cultivated on centrate with P addition. In conclusion, the N:P ratio in the centrate seems to have a role in controlling the nitrification process rather than in the overall nutrient removal rate and biomass productivity of the microalgae-based system.
Inverse Modelling of Climate Adaptive Building Shells. System Dynamics Approach
Authors: Mols Toms , Blumberga Andra 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper describes the development of a computer-based inverse model for climate adaptive building shell which is in the cold climatic conditions of Latvia to determine changes in energy consumption. Types, principles of operation and classification of climate adaptive building shells (CABS) were reviewed and CABS most fitting to Latvia’s climate conditions were chosen for application in the model. Research implies that building modelling tools play an important role in the design phase. The results indicate that hourly facade adjustment can have a significant impact on GHG emissions and energy consumption reduction without compromising the comfort level. Optimization is proven to be an essential part of the inverse modelling phase, which provides the best possible option defined by the user for the characteristics that distinguish climate adaptive building shells. Inverse modelling approach allowed to determine necessary building enclosure parameters that need to be met to provide best performance.
Life Cycle Assessment of Low Temperature District Heating System in Gulbene Region
Authors: Diaz Fabian , Pakere Ieva , Romagnoli Francesco 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
New district heating system technologies have arisen in the last years to deliver economic and environmental benefits to residential and commercial buildings. The extensive ranges of equipment, energy sources, temperature profile configurations, size of the network, energy demand, and many other intrinsic variables, make it difficult to identify if a determined district heating option is potentially better than another in environmental terms. As for the economic evaluation, there are several tools decision-makers can rely on to assess environmental performance. The main challenge is to provide a holistic point of view for which lifespan and complexity of implementable, new technological systems can be an obstacle. For this reason, in this paper, a Life Cycle Assessment is performed upon a technical evaluation of several district heating configuration options for the Gulbene region in Latvia, where DH systems in most of the assessed parishes are already operating under medium temperature regimes, also known as third-generation district heating. The goal of the study is to understand the environmental impact of moving from the current DH system to a low temperature one. Results show a considerable environmental benefit if low-temperature profiles, combined with the use of renewable energy sources are adopted in the current DH systems. A hotspot analysis is also performed showing the use stage is the one carrying most of the burden across the project’s lifetime, followed by infrastructure construction; also showing that the refurbishment of buildings does not play a major role in the total environmental impact contribution.
Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Efficiency in Fish Processing
Authors: Dreimanis Karlis , Indzere Zane , Blumberga Dagnija , Sereviciene Vaida 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Carbon neutrality has become a goal of European Union countries as they held agreement on the European Green Deal; the goal needs to be achieved by 2050. To achieve this goal production industry plays major role as this sector produces considerable amount of greenhouse gas emissions. This paper analyses processes within fish processing industry as the consumption of fish products has increased; therefore, production rate in this area also has been growing. Even more, the consumption of fish products per capita is forecasted to keep increasing for at least the next further years as fish products are great protein source. Thus, it is important to improve efficiency in the fish processing industry, to reduce the amount of emissions, waste and pollution produced in the industry, to evaluate the use of water and energy as well as the resources used in order to achieve sustainable production and carbon neutrality. Data envelopment multicriteria analysis method was used in this research to evaluate energy efficiency in the fish processing industry within sterilization process. The results have shown that the full water immersion autoclave and the water and steam autoclaves are the most efficient from four technologies analysed.
Are Hugs, Carrots and Sticks Essential for Energy Policy: A Study of Latvia’s National Energy and Climate Plan
Authors: Aboltins Reinis , Jaunzems Dzintars , Pubule Jelena , Blumberga Dagnija 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to analyse Latvia’s NECP2030 impact on energy user by identifying the activities/policy measures by their type and their impact on the choices and actions of energy users. The goal of the Latvian National Climate and Energy Plan for 2030 (NECP2030) is to achieve changes in the use of energy with a possibly better impact on climate and environment. Energy user, its choices and action play an essential role in achieving this goal. Latvia’s NECP2030 has 12 activity groups each encompassing one or more activity clusters with several specific activities and policy measures that are intended to influence the use of energy resources and energy. The method of hugs, carrots and sticks was used to categorise activities and through applying literature analysis on policy goals and most appropriate policies identify whether the chosen activities are adequate to achieve NECP2030 goals. The study concludes that in case of four activity groups the identified activities might not be sufficient as literature suggests that more stringent measures are recommended to effectively achieve certain policy goals.
Relationship Between Energy Demand, Indoor Thermal Behaviour and Temperature-Related Health Risk Concerning Passive Energy Refurbishment Interventions
Authors: Etxebarria Matxalen , Oregi Xabat , Grijalba Olatz , Hernández Rufino J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The main objective of this article is to demonstrate that passive energy refurbishment interventions influence comfort conditions of households for both cold and hot annual periods, while they help to avoid or promote temperature-related health risk situations. However, improving the thermal efficiency of the building envelope is encouraged in order to reduce energy demand for heating and cooling instead of considering also their impact on users’ health. The calculation methodology to quantify improvements, on the other hand, is drawn from regulation-based standards, which describe the optimal achievable efficiency levels and energy cost savings. The present study, however, addresses how diverse thermal performance variables are (climate, thermal comfort range and occupancy rate), and shows that different thermal assessment standards influence the obtained results. An energy simulation approach was developed to evaluate different scenarios and compare the results. In conclusion, the results contribute to an understanding or to a discussion of the suitability of current energy renovation policies with regard to indoor thermal comfort and temperature-related health risk situations.
Evaluating the Effect of Different Base Temperatures to Calculate Degree-Days
Authors: Oregi Xabat , Jimenez-Bescos Carlos 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Degree-days are used as a forecasting tool to predict energy demand and for normalizing energy consumption to be able to compare between different properties across different years. The base temperature is the main aspect to accurately calculate degree-days. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different base temperatures and their impact on the correlation between energy consumption and degree-days. The base temperature was selected as the standard 15 °C for the region, the balance temperature calculated with dynamic building simulations and the thermostat temperature setting as collected by questionnaires. The methodology followed is based on the analysis of 20 properties located in the cities of Bilbao, San Sebastian and Vitoria in northern Spain. The properties are a combination of flats and houses, from different construction periods, tenancies, occupancy and sizes. This study had highlighted the effect and impact of selecting different base temperatures for the calculation of degree-days and the correlation between energy consumption and degree-days. While the use of the balance temperature as base temperature could generate very good correlation, they were not so dissimilar from using the standard 15 °C base temperature to justify the amount of extra work required to generate the balance temperature. The use of the thermostat setting as an indication of the base temperature was not as reliable as the other base temperature methods in generating a good correlation to explain the energy consumption on the 20 properties investigated in this study.
Social Capital: a Basis for Community Participation in Fostering Environmental Education and the Heritage Tourism Development of Cibalay Megalithic Site
Authors: Sunkar Arzyana , Meilani Resti , Rahayuningsih Tri , Muntasib EK.S. Harini 
Published: October 2020

Social capital is an often-unrecognized staple of community participation in a tourism site’s development, although social capital comprises elements essential for successful community-based participation. This paper discusses how the host community’s participation in the tourism development of Cibalay Megalithic Site was driven by local social capital. Cibalay Megalithic Site is one of the last reminders of ancient beliefs and is an iconic landmark, located within the Bogor Regency of West Java, Indonesia. It is also within the protected area of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park. Cibalay Megalithic Site is a product of a socio-cultural environment, deriving from the relationship between man and nature. Thus, its tourism development should interpret this history and promulgate environmental education as one of the key elements of sustainable tourism. The local Village of Tapos I was established as a tourism village; within this village, the hamlet of Sinar Wangi was declared a conservation hamlet. Both designations were achieved due to local initiatives of the host community in developing local tourism, with Cibalay Megalithic Site as the iconic tourism focus of the area. The high level of trust towards local figures and visitors, the conservation norm of “leuweung hejo, masyarakat ngejo” (if the forest is green, then the people will be prosperous) underlying everyday local life that indicates the importance of nurturing nature, good inter-personal relations between village members, and good social networking with outsiders: all combined to create the conditions and motivation that facilitated collective action in developing local heritage tourism.
Hubungan Antara Konsep Diri dan Regulasi Diri terhadap Tingkat Prokrastinasi Mahasiswa Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Mandasari Efrida , Ihsan Muhammad 
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine the relationship between self-concept and self-regulation with procrastination in student. This research uses correlational quantitative desigan. The sample used amounted 77 of the population 729 student with purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique with multiple regression . The results showed that a positive relationship between the self- concept and self-regulation was positively linked to the procratation of students. This is indicated by the coefficient of Freg = 58,654 where p 0.05. This indicates that self-concept and self-regulation are significantly linked to academic procrastination, the higher the value of self-concept and self-regulation, the lower the academic procrastination. Conversely, the lower the value of self-concept and self-regulation, the higher the academic procrastination.
Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension by Using Reciprocal Teaching in Descriptive Texts at Grade VIII SMP
Authors: Sari Nasution Mora Kartika , Harida Eka Sustri , Rambe Sojuangon 
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini mencoba melakukan pemecahan masalah terhadap lemahnya kemampuan pemahaman membaca siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan peningkatan kemampuan membaca siswa dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan pemahaman membaca siswa melalui Reciprocal Teaching didalam Teks Deskriptif dikelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Panyabungan. Penelitian ini dikategorikan ke dalam penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Penelitian ini menggunakan model yang dikemukakan oleh Kemmis dan Mc Taggart. Penelitian ini terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu; perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan perenungan. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 24 siswa kelas VIII1 SMP Negeri 3 Panyabungan. Instrumen pengumpulan data adalah observasi, tes, dan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, nilai rata-rata siswa pada siklus I adalah 70.83 (33.33%) dan nilai rata-rata siswa pada siklus II adalah 83.75 (87.50%). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II meningkat. Ini menunjukkan bahwa Reciprocal Teaching dapat meningkatkan pemahaman membaca siswa di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Panyabungan.
Improving Students’ Writing Ability By Using Genre Based Approach
Authors: Harahap Jamila , Rambe Sojuangon 
Published: October 2020

This research is done because some problems in writing, and the objectives of the research is to describe the level of achievement of student in writing ability at SMKS PANCA DHARMA Padangsidimpuan. Researcher conducted by classroom action research (CAR) by using Kemis and Robin design. The researcher conducted two test and two cycles in this research. The participant of this research is one class consists of 26 students from class XI-B. The technique of data collection are test, observation, and interview. Based on the result of the research, researcher found that students’ writing ability was improved. It is supported by the result of the testing in cycle 1 was 65 (34.61%) and cycle 2 was 73.84 (65.38%). It can be concluded that Genre Based Approach
Bacteriological and Molecular Study of Fluoroquinolones Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated From Different Clinical Sources
Authors: Al-Mayali Mustafa Abd , Salman Ehab D. 
Published: October 2020

The present study was conducted to investigate the resistance of fluoroquinolones (FQs) and the effects of mutations in the resistance gene in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa isolated from different sources in Al-Hussein Hospital, Al-Samawah city, Iraq. The basic mechanism of the resistant of fluoroquinolones in P. aeruginosa is via mutations occurring in the basic bacterial gyrA gene encoding-subunit A of DNA gyrase . Forty clinical isolates from various sourced (burn 7 (17.5 %), wound 7 (17.5 %), ear 2 (5 %), operation room 12 (30 %), urine 3 (7.5 %), and industrial dialysis center 9 (22.5 %)) were isolated based on bacteriological methods confirmed by 16s rRNA gene using PCR technique. A sensitivity test was conducted to all isolates by Kirby-Pour method using 7 antibiotics of fluoroquinolones. Amongst the 40 clinical isolates, 10 were resistant and 3 were sensitive to all tested antibiotics, while 27 were intermediate, resistant and sensitive to two or more of tested antibiotics, with the resistance being confirmed by the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) test. The ten resistant isolates were used to examine the mutations in gyrA gene. A direct sequence method was used and revealed eight mutations in gyrA gene at different positions. In addition, we found that fluoroquinolone activity in the sensitive isolates, after sequencing for these isolates, is a bacteriostatic activity. The results of this study showed the gyrA mutations resulting from the excessive use of antibiotics are one of the mechanisms may be that leading to fluoroquinolone resistance.
Workload a-WEAR-ness: Monitoring Workload in Team Sports With Wearable Technology. A Scoping Review
Authors: Benson Lauren C. , Räisänen Anu M. , Volkova Valeriya G. , Pasanen Kati , Emery Carolyn A. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives To (1) identify the wearable devices and associated metrics used to monitor workload and assess injury risk, (2) describe the situations in which workload was monitored using wearable technology (including sports, purpose of the analysis, location and duration of monitoring, and athlete characteristics), and (3) evaluate the quality of evidence that workload monitoring can inform injury prevention. Design Scoping review. Literature Search We searched the CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, HealthSTAR, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases. Study Selection Criteria We included all studies that used wearable devices (eg, heart rate monitor, inertial measurement units, global positioning system) to monitor athlete workload in a team sport setting. Data Synthesis We provided visualizations that represented the workload metrics reported, sensors used, sports investigated, athlete characteristics, and the duration of monitoring. Results The 407 included studies focused on team ball sports (67% soccer, rugby, or Australian football), male athletes (81% of studies), elite or professional level of competition (74% of studies), and young adults (69% of studies included athletes aged between 20 and 28 years). Thirty-six studies of 7 sports investigated the association between workload measured with wearable devices and injury. Conclusion Distance-based metrics derived from global positioning system units were common for monitoring workload and are frequently used to assess injury risk. Workload monitoring studies have focused on specific populations (eg, elite male soccer players in Europe and elite male rugby and Australian football players in Oceania). Different injury definitions and reported workload metrics and poor study quality impeded conclusions regarding the relationship between workload and injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(10):549–563. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9753
Kata dan Istilah dalam Tradisi Belanger, Bulanger, dan Pelangeran Pada Masyarakat Lampung (Kajian Etnolinguistik)
Authors: Kastri Evi Maha 
Published: October 2020

This article aims to describe and explain the form, meaning, and use of terms in the belanger tradition in Lampung society. This research is a type of qualitative descriptive research. The research method is divided into three stages, namely (a) the stage of providing data; (b) data analysis stage; and (c) the data presentation stage. The stage of providing data used in this study is the referral method, which is listening to the conversation by interviewing informants in three regions. Then advanced techniques are used, namely recording techniques and note taking techniques. Then the required data is sorted. Once collected, the data is analyzed by being classified based on the form, meaning, and use. The terms belanger, bulanger, and pelangeran have the same meaning, which are both self-cleaning or purifying themselves. The term belanger is for traditional leaders and brides. Then, the term bulanger is intended for a pregnant mother, while the term pelangeran is intended for Muslims who will enter the month of Ramadan. During the belanger ceremony in Negara Aji Baru Village 12 supporting terms were found. While the bulanger tradition in Blambangan Umpu Subdistrict there are 12 supporting terms. Then, the pelangeran tradition in Olok Gading District Village has 3 supporting terms. AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan bentuk, makna, dan penggunaan istilah-istilah dalam tradisi belanger pada masyarakat Lampung. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Metode penelitian dibagi atas tiga tahap, yaitu (a) tahap penyediaan data; (b) tahap analisis data; dan (c) tahap penyajian data. Tahap penyediaan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode simak, yaitu menyimak pembicaraan dengan mewawancarai informan di tiga daerah. Kemudian digunakan teknik lanjutan yaitu teknik rekam dan teknik catat. Lalu dipilah data yang dibutuhkan. Setelah terkumpul, data dianalisis dengan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan bentuk, makna, dan penggunaannya. Istilah belanger, bulanger, dan pelangeran memiliki persamaan makna, yaitu sama-sama membersihkan diri atau menyucikan diri. Istilah belanger diperuntukkan bagi tokoh adat dan pengantin. Kemudian, istilah bulanger diperuntukkan bagi seorang ibu yang sedang mengandung, sedangkan istilah pelangeran diperuntukkan bagi umat muslim yang akan memasuki bulan Ramadan. Dalam pelaksanaan upacara belanger di Desa Negara Aji Baru ditemukan 12 istilah pendukung. Sementara tradisi bulanger di Kecamatan Blambangan Umpu terdapat 12 istilah pendukung. Kemudian, tradisi pelangeran di Kelurahan Negeri Olok Gading terdapat 3 istilah pendukung.