bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proximal Descending Thoracic Aortic Pseudoaneurysm Secondary to Pott's Spine
Authors: Madabhavi Irappa , Sarkar Malay , Chauhan Chidanand , Modi Mitul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTuberculous pseudoaneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta is quite rare, life-threatening, and fatal if not diagnosed in time. This lesion exposes patients to a very high risk of unpredictable rupture. We describe a case of tuberculous pseudoaneurysm of the aorta in association with tuberculosis of the spine (Pott's spine). A 73-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of back pain. Chest roentgenography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a descending thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm with destruction of the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae (T4-T5). We suspected that the pseudoaneurysm was due to direct extension of tuberculous vertebral osteomyelitis. The patient was managed with antituberculous chemotherapy. The post–antitubercular therapy course was uneventful and he remained well 12 months after completion of treatment.
C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization of Alcohols, Ketones, Nitriles, Ethers and Amides using tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide as a Radical Initiator
Authors: Wang Nai-Xing , Xing Yalan , Zhang Lei-Yang , Wu Yue-Hua 
Published: July 2020

The C(sp3)–H bond is found widely in organic molecules. Recently, the functionalization of C(sp3)–H bonds has developed into a powerful tool for augmenting highly functionalized frameworks in organic synthesis. Based on the results obtained in our group, the present account mainly summarizes recent progress on the functionalization of C(sp3)–H bonds of aliphatic alcohols, ketones, alkyl nitriles, and ethers with styrene or cinnamic acid using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as a radical initiator.1	Introduction2	Oxidative Coupling of Styrenes with C(sp3)–H Bonds3	Decarboxylative Cross-Couplings of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids with C(sp3)–H Bonds4	Conclusions
Intra-Axial Metastatic Angiosarcoma of the Central Nervous System Associated with Anemia, Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Short Survival
Authors: Cambruzzi Eduardo , dos Santos Júlia Rispoli , Pêgas Karla Lais , Nesi William Mazzuco , Kus William Pegoraro , Schiavo Felipe Lourezon , dos Santos Samir Cezimbra 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction Angiosarcoma (AG) is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that predominantly affects the soft tissues and, to variable degrees, expresses the morphological and functional characteristics of the endothelium. The incidence of sarcomas of the central nervous system (CNS) is low (0.5% to 2.7%), and AGs involving the brain are even rarer.
Case Description A 45-year-old male patient presented with complaints of headache, nausea, and vomiting. An examination showed bilateral papilledema and a right lung pleurotomy. The patient's previous history included drug addiction, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung abscess, pleural empyema, and pulmonary artery embolization for severe hemoptysis. Computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed a large intra-axial lesion extending into the right parietal and temporal lobes, with hemorrhagic zones. The patient underwent surgical resection of the lesion. Microscopy showed a poorly-differentiated, high-grade malignant tumor composed of plump/epithelioid cells forming small vascular spaces and solid nests, compatible with AG.In the postoperative period, the patient developed recurrent hemoptysis. A biopsy of the tissues adjacent to the pleurotomy determined the diagnosis of pulmonary AG. At 30 days after the resection, the patient died from hemoptysis, hemothorax, lung atelectasis, and intracranial hypertension related to the recurrence of the brain tumor.
Conclusion Angiosarcoma is a rare neoplasia related to short survival due to the high proliferative index, which must be considered in patients presenting hemorrhagic tumors. No specific genetic abnormalities have been described for this neoplasia.
Risk Factors for Stroke in Rural Population of Telangana State of India, an Unmatched Case Control Study
Authors: Prabhakar Subhashini , Suravarapu Sruthi , Mathai Dilip , Renangi Shivaiah , Challa Sairam 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Context Stroke tops the list of causes for acquired disability among adults and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Evidence from developed countries indicate significant decline in stroke incidence and mortality, attributable to prevention of risk factors in general population. There is limited evidence on risk factors for stroke in rural India.

Aims This study aims to ascertain the risk factors for stroke in rural Telangana and provide a guide to health care providers in adopting treatment and prevention strategies.

Settings and Design The study was conducted in the Moinabad mandal of Ranga Reddy District, Telangana state of India. This is a population based unmatched case–control study.

Methods and Materials All the houses of Moinabad were approached by a door-to-door survey to identify cases. A total of 288 persons were enrolled in the study which included 144 cases and 144 controls.

Statistical Analysis To derive age and gender adjusted odds ratios of various risk factors, binary logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results The estimated crude prevalence of stroke in Moinabad mandal is 257 per lakh population. Modifiable risk factors identified were, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, alcohol consumption, smoking, diastolic blood pressure, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and central obesity as measured by waist circumference. Nonmodifiable risk factors identified were male gender and higher age group.

Conclusion The high prevalence of stroke in rural Telangana makes it an important public health challenge for the state. The identified risk factors need to be addressed at population level.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices with Respect to Epilepsy among Nurses in the City of Niamey, Niger
Authors: Assadeck Hamid , Toudou-Daouda Moussa , Mamadou Zakaria , Moussa-Konate Mahadi , Douma-Maiga Dijbo , Sanoussi Samuila 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices about epilepsy among nurses in the city of Niamey, Niger, to identify existing gaps in their knowledge concerning epilepsy to formulate recommendations to improve the quality of care for people with epilepsy.

Materials and Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional survey on epilepsy knowledge among nurses in the city of Niamey, using a self-administered questionnaire including questions related to knowledge about epilepsy.

Results A total of 98 nurses (29 men and 69 women) were included in the survey. The mean age of the participants was of 32.88 ± 10.87 years (range: 17–58 years). The sample consisted of 10.2% of student nurses, 64.3% of college patent, and 25.5% of bachelor nurses. Only 22.4% of participants reported having heard about epilepsy during their training programs. Among the respondents, 43.9% of them had already attended at least one epileptic seizure. Epilepsy is considered as a psychiatric illness and contagious disease by 11.2 and 19.4% of respondents, respectively. The main transmission routes reported were physical contact with an epileptic person (14.3%) and contact with saliva (4.1%). Epilepsy was considered as an incurable disease by 5.1% of respondents. When someone has an epileptic seizure, 10.2% of respondents think that physical contact with this person should be avoided to prevent from contamination. Only 6.1% of respondents had appropriate attitudes when someone has an epileptic seizure such as lying the patient on his side, clearing the airway if necessary, and diazepam injection.

Conclusion Considering that people with epilepsy are largely cared out by nurses in Niger, the results of the study justify the need to train nurses with respect to epilepsy to improve their knowledge about epilepsy and the care of people with epilepsy.
An Algorithmic Approach to Minimally Invasive Management of Nontraumatic Chylothorax
Authors: Goity Luis D. , Itkin Maxim , Nadolski Gregory 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChylothorax is a rare condition characterized by lymph accumulation in the pleural space. When it occurs independent of trauma, it is even more rare and difficult to treat as identification of lymphatic leak is unpredictable. In addition, treatment of this condition with conventional lymphangiography and thoracic duct embolization may not result in positive outcomes. As such, the role of contrast-enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance lymphangiography to guide treatment is key to maximizing success with the advantage of localizing the site of lymphatic leak. Herein, we summarize etiologies of nontraumatic chylothorax, offer an updated treatment algorithm to stratify affected patients and determine appropriate treatment options, and review procedural techniques critical to efficient and effective treatment.
Tribute to Theodor Kocher: Far Beyond an Anatomical Reference
Authors: Maset Angelo L. , de Morais Dionei Freitas , Calzolari Sérgio Ivo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe know Kocher's name as an anatomical reference in neurosurgery. In fact, Theodor Kocher was a Swiss general surgeon, and his contributions were such that Kocher was honored in 1909 with the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology, and he was the first surgeon to receive this honor. Kocher participated in the initial scientific phase of medicine, living with names that are in history, as well as him; Langenbeck and Virchow, Lucke, Billroth, Horsley, Lister, Halstedt, Pasteur, Osler, Lawson Tait, Verneuil, and a long list and other icons of the time. The present account rescues the many important facets and contributions of the Swiss surgeon Theodor Kocher, and his relationship with several of them. Kocher's memory, surgical instruments and literary production are preserved in a small wing of the University of Bern. The present article highlights how intense Kocher's dedication to the medical field was.
Liver Lymphatic Imaging and Interventions: Resurrection of the Forgotten Knowledge
Authors: Itkin Maxim , Rabinowitz Deborah , Hur Saebeom 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLymphatic imaging and interventions are gaining wider acceptance as the treatment of various lymphatic diseases. Meanwhile, the liver lymphatic system remains relatively unknown despite its physiological importance. Liver lymph has been at the center of the lymphatic research since the 19th century; however, the acquired knowledge has not been used in clinical research and treatment due to the lack of robust imaging methods. Recently introduced liver lymphangiography and interstitial embolization allow for the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases associated with the lymphatic system of the congested liver, providing additional treatment options for conditions that were considered incurable until now.
Leptin Levels, Basal Metabolic Rates, and Insulin Resistance in Obese Pubertal Children
Authors: Conterato Elisabete Vieira , Machado Tania Diniz , Nogueira-de-Almeida Carlos Alberto , Mello Elza Daniel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction Obesity in children and adolescents is considered a serious public health problem. The consequences of overweight can last for life. It is extremely important to have formulas to calculate the basal metabolic rate (BMR) that are truly reliable in relation to the individual caloric expenditure.
Objectives To investigate the association of serum levels of leptin, lipid profile, and insulin resistance (insuline resistance by Homeostatic Model Assessment [HOMA] index) with the body mass index (BMI) z-score of pubertal obese children. In addition, to compare the basal metabolic rate (BMR) evaluation carried out using bioimpedance (BIA) with the Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) equation.
Methods Cross-sectional study including 37 pubertal obese children (aged 7 to 12 years old) seen for the first time in the outpatient care unit specialized in child obesity between June 2013 and April 2014. The participants were assessed regarding anthropometric data, body composition (fat mass) by BIA 310 bioimpedance analyzer (Biodynamic Body Composition Analyser, model 310 - Biodynamics Corporation, Seattle, EUA), and blood pressure. Blood samples were collected to measure glucose, insulin, lipid profile, triglycerides, and leptin. The stage of sexual maturity was determined by self-assessment according to the Tanner scale.
Results Higher leptin levels were found in the severe obesity group (p = 0.007) and, as expected, higher BMI (p < 0.001), and fat mass (p = 0.029). The groups did not differ in relation to insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and blood pressure. The BMR measured by bioimpedance was lower as compared to the measure by the FAO/WHO equation (p < 0.001).
Conclusions These results suggest that severely obese children may present leptin resistance in this early stage of life, (since this hormone is higher in these children). It is suggested that health professionals prioritize the calculation of BMR by bioimpedance, since the FAO/WHO equation seems to overestimate the caloric values.
Novel Changes in Resident Education during a Pandemic: Strategies and Approaches to Maximize Residency Education and Safety
Authors: Johnson Jared , Chung Michael T. , Carron Michael A. , Chan Eleanor Y. , Lin Ho-Sheng , Hotaling Jeffrey 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a reduction in surgical and clinical volume, which has altered the traditional training experience of the otolaryngology resident.
Objective To describe the strategies we utilized to maximize resident education as well as ensure patient and staff safety during the pandemic.
Methods We developed a system that emphasized three key elements. First and foremost, patient care remained the core priority. Next, clinical duties were restructured to avoid unnecessary exposure of residents. The third component was ensuring continuation of resident education and maximizing learning experiences.
Results To implement these key elements, our residency divided up our five hospitals into three functional groups based on geographical location and clinical volume. Each team works for three days at their assigned location before being replaced by the next three-person team at our two busiest sites. Resident teams are kept completely separate from each other, so that they do not interact with those working at other sites.
Conclusions Despite the daily challenges encountered as we navigate through the COVID-19 pandemic, our otolaryngology residency program has been able to establish a suitable balance between maintenance of resident safety and well-being without compromise to patient care.
Gynecological Surgery and COVID-19: What is the Impact and How Should I Manage it?
Authors: Rosa-e-Silva Julio Cesar , Ribeiro Paulo Ayroza , Brito Luiz Gustavo Oliveira , Gomes Mariano Tamura Vieira , Podgaec Sergio , Ribeiro Helizabet Salomão Abdalla Ayroza , Lino Carlos Augusto Pires Costa , Quintairos Ricardo , Primo Walquiria Quida Salles Pereira , Silva Filho Agnaldo Lopes da 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is estimated that around 28 million surgeries will be postponed or canceled worldwide as a result of this pandemic, causing a delay in the diagnosis and treatment of more than 2 million cancer cases. In Brazil, both the National Health Agency (ANS) and National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) advised the postponement of elective and non-essential surgeries, causing a considerable impact on the number of surgical procedures that decreased by 33.4% in this period. However, some women need treatment for various gynecological diseases that cannot be postponed. The purpose of this article is to present recommendations on surgical treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Inferential comprehension, age and language
Authors: Lindgren Josefin , Bohnacker Ute 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study investigates story comprehension in 46
German-Swedish 4- to 6-year-old bilinguals growing up in Sweden. The
children’s inferential understanding of goals and emotions of story
characters in visually presented stories was assessed in both German and Swedish, using the comprehension questions from the Multilingual Assessment
Instrument for Narratives (MAIN; Gagarina et al., 2012, 2015) for the narrative tasks Cat/Dog and Baby Birds/Baby Goats.
We analysed effects of age, language, and narrative task on overall
comprehension scores and investigated whether comprehension scores were
influenced by expressive vocabulary knowledge, operationalized as scores on
a vocabulary task (Cross-Linguistic Lexical Task, CLT; Haman et al., 2015). Additionally,
response patterns for the different comprehension questions were
analysed.
We found effects of age, with 6-year-olds outperforming
4- and 5-year-olds, but no significant difference between the two younger
groups. The development with age was similar in both languages and was
consistent across tasks. The main effect of language was not significant,
but when German was tested first, the children performed lower in German
than in Swedish. When Swedish was tested first, no difference was found
between the languages. The effect of expressive vocabulary was not the same
in the two languages. In German, but not in Swedish, CLT expressive
vocabulary scores significantly predicted narrative comprehension scores.
The children’s inferential comprehension performance depended on the
narrative task used, with higher scores for MAIN Cat/Dog than Baby
Birds/Baby Goats, and response accuracy was also found to vary substantially
between different comprehension questions. Response patterns to individual
questions were strikingly similar in Swedish and German, suggesting
that they may generalize across languages. The results indicate that an
analysis of individual comprehension questions allows us to explore and
detect patterns not visible in overall scores.
Narrative comprehension by Croatian-Italian bilingual children 5–7 years
old
Authors: Roch Maja , Hržica Gordana 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective. This study compares L1 and L2
receptive vocabulary, receptive grammar and narrative comprehension skills
in Croatian-Italian bilingual children. Moreover, the study aims to find out
to what extent receptive vocabulary and receptive grammar (sentence
comprehension) predict narrative comprehension skills.

Method. Thirty Croatian-Italian bilinguals
5–7 years old were assessed in L1 (Croatian) and L2 (Italian) narrative
comprehension (MAIN), receptive vocabulary (PPVT) and sentence comprehension
(TROG).

Results. Children performed better in their
L1 than in their L2 on all three measures of comprehension. Narrative
comprehension correlated with the two linguistic skills in L1 but weakly in
L2. Each measure correlated only with itself between L1 and L2. Regression
analyses showed that sentence comprehension contributed substantially to
narrative comprehension in L1 and L2, while receptive vocabulary contributed
substantially only in L1.

Conclusions. Narrative comprehension is
differently predicted by language skills in L1 and in L2. The contribution
of language skills is monolingual-like in L1 narrative comprehension (cf.
Florit, Roch, & Levorato,
2011); in L2 narrative comprehension vocabulary provides a weak
contribution. The results are discussed both theoretically, in terms of the
possible mechanism underlying narrative comprehension in bilingual speakers
and practically, in terms of bilingual language development.
Bilingual children’s lexical and narrative comprehension in Dutch as the
majority language
Authors: Blom Elma , Boerma Tessel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background. Some studies find that
bilingual children perform below monolinguals on language measures, whereas
other studies report no differences. For the purpose of this study, we
investigated the Dutch lexical and narrative comprehension of bilingual
Tarifit-Dutch and Turkish-Dutch children. We compared the bilingual and
monolingual children’s performance. Within the bilingual groups, we explored
relationships with language input at home.

Methods. 114 children participated (38
Tarifit-Dutch, 31 Turkish-Dutch, 45 monolingual Dutch), most of whom were 5
or 6 years old at the first testing time (mean age = 5.71 years, standard
deviation = 0.64). The children were tested three times with one year
between each testing time. Lexical and narrative comprehension were
investigated with the Dutch version of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
(PPVT; Schlichting, 2005) and the
Dutch version of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives
(MAIN; Gagarina et al., 2012),
respectively. Both answers to listening comprehension questions and
questions after story generation were analyzed.

Results. Bilingual children performed
lower on lexical comprehension than monolingual children. Narrative comprehension showed few differences across the two groups: the monolinguals
performed slightly better on the comprehension questions after story
generation at time 1, but not at times 2 and 3. Between-group comparisons
within the bilingual group showed no differences in lexical comprehension of the
Turkish-Dutch and Tarifit-Dutch children. The Turkish-Dutch children
performed better than the Tarifit-Dutch children on narrative comprehension
after story generation (time 2). In the bilingual sample, most relations
between input at home and lexical and narrative comprehension were not
significant, except for the positive correlations between socioeconomic
status (SES) and lexical comprehension (times 2 and 3) in the Turkish-Dutch
sample and home language richness and listening comprehension in the
Tarifit-Dutch sample (time 1).

Conclusions and implications. Results of
the current study showed larger gaps between monolinguals and bilinguals for
lexical comprehension compared to narrative comprehension, suggesting that
bilingual children’s comprehension of narratives in the majority language
benefits more from transfer than lexical comprehension does. Previous
observations regarding the impact of input at home might not hold across all
bilingual groups. Different home practices and cultures may moderate the
effects of language richness on narrative comprehension. The same is true
for the impact of SES on bilingual children’s lexical comprehension.
Conclusions about bilingual language development cannot be generalized
across language domains or across bilingual populations.
Machine learning for gravitational-wave detection: surrogate Wiener filtering for the prediction and optimized cancellation of Newtonian noise at Virgo
Authors: Badaracco F , Harms J , Bertolini A , Bulik T , Fiori I , Idzkowski B , Kutynia A , Nikliborc K , Paoletti F , Paoli A , Rei L , Suchinski M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The cancellation of noise from terrestrial gravity fluctuations, also known as Newtonian noise (NN), in gravitational-wave detectors is a formidable challenge. Gravity fluctuations result from density perturbations associated with environmental fields, e.g., seismic and acoustic fields, which are characterized by complex spatial correlations. Measurements of these fields necessarily provide incomplete information, and the question is how to make optimal use of available information for the design of a noise-cancellation system. In this paper, we present a machine-learning approach to calculate a surrogate model of a Wiener filter. The model is used to calculate optimal configurations of seismometer arrays for a varying number of sensors, which is the missing keystone for the design of NN cancellation systems. The optimization results indicate that efficient noise cancellation can be achieved even for complex seismic fields with relatively few seismometers provided that they are deployed in optimal configurations. In the form presented here, the optimization method can be applied to all current and future gravitational-wave detectors located at the surface and with minor modifications also to future underground detectors.