bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children’s and adolescents’ experiences of healthcare professionals: scoping review protocol
Authors: Davison Gail , Kelly Martina Ann , Thompson Andrew , Dornan Tim 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Children and adolescents form a distinct patient group, whose experiences are relatively under-represented in research. Surveys have shown that healthcare professionals (HCPs) do not always communicate with them well, leaving children and adolescents under-involved and unsure who to ask when concerned. Recent qualitative studies have recognised that HCPs have a major influence on children’s and adolescents’ experiences, where poorer interactions can lead to fear, missed appointments and potentially a worse clinical outcome.
Little is known about how children and adolescents experience the HCPs who play such an integral role in their healthcare. This review aims to explore children’s and adolescents’ lived experience of HCPs, so that a deeper understanding of the interactions between them can equip HCPs to provide care that better aligns with patients’ needs.

Method
This study will use scoping review methodology to map the existing published literature comprehensively and systematically, following a six-step framework. It will extract children’s and adolescents’ experiences, in the form of direct quotations, and thematically analyse them. The consultation exercise with children and adolescents will gather additional insights. Findings will consist of descriptions of each theme along with exemplar quotations and consultation comments.

Discussion
This scoping review is unique, as it will present children’s and adolescents’ lived experiences of HCPs, from synthesis of their direct quotations. Findings will assist HCPs to tailor their interpersonal skills to meet patients’ needs so that better healthcare can be provided. This study will have implications for clinical educators, policy makers and guideline developers and provide suggestions for further research.

Systematic review registration
Not registered
Precarious employment and migrant workers’ mental health: a protocol for a systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Ornek Ozlem Koseoglu , Weinmann Tobias , Waibel Julia , Radon Katja 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrecarious employment has become an urgent public health issue at a global scale with potential consequences for quality of life and health of employees, especially in vulnerable groups such as migrants. The primary aim of this systematic review is thus to analyze and summarize existing research on the association between precarious employment and migrant workers’ mental health.MethodsWe will search PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science (from January 1970 onwards) for original articles on observational studies (e.g., cohort, case-control and cross-sectional, and qualitative) published in English, German, Turkish, and Spanish. The primary outcome will be depression and anxiety disorders. Secondary outcomes will be burnout, sleeping problems, and occupational stress. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion. The methodological quality (or risk of bias) of individual studies will be appraised using an appropriate tool. A narrative synthesis will summarize and explain the characteristics and findings of the studies. If feasible, we will conduct random effects meta-analyses where appropriate.DiscussionThis systematic review will analyze the ways in which precarious employment affects migrant workers’ mental health and the process that underlies this relationship. The results from the systematic review outlined in this protocol will be of interest to labor and health professionals, policy makers, labor unions, and non-governmental organizations. Our findings may encourage and impel related policy makers to establish human-focused, safe and healthy work environments, and workplace conditions.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO,CRD42019132560
On a Schrödinger–Poisson system with singularity and critical nonlinearities
Authors: Cai Zhipeng , Lei Chunyu , Chu Changmu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the Schrödinger–Poisson system with singularity and critical growth terms. By means of variational methods with an appropriate truncation argument, the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions are obtained.
Hyperinsulinism associated with GLUD1 mutation: allosteric regulation and functional characterization of p.G446V glutamate dehydrogenase
Authors: Luczkowska Karolina , Stekelenburg Caroline , Sloan-Béna Frédérique , Ranza Emmanuelle , Gastaldi Giacomo , Schwitzgebel Valérie , Maechler Pierre 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Gain-of-function mutations in the GLUD1 gene, encoding for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), result in the hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia HI/HA syndrome. HI/HA patients present with harmful hypoglycemia secondary to protein-induced HI and elevated plasma ammonia levels. These symptoms may be accompanied by seizures and mental retardation. GDH is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate, under allosteric regulations mediated by its inhibitor GTP and its activator ADP. The present study investigated the functional properties of the GDH-G446V variant (alias c.1496G > T, p.(Gly499Val) (NM_005271.4)) in patient-derived lymphoblastoid cells.

Results
The calculated energy barrier between the opened and closed state of the enzyme was 41% lower in GDH-G446V compared to wild-type GDH, pointing to altered allosteric regulation. Computational analysis indicated conformational changes of GDH-G446V in the antenna region that is crucial for allosteric regulators. Enzymatic activity measured in patient-derived lymphoblastoid cells showed impaired allosteric responses of GDH-G446V to both regulators GTP and ADP. In particular, as opposed to control lymphoblastoid cells, GDH-G446V cells were not responsive to GTP in the lower range of ADP concentrations. Assessment of the metabolic rate revealed higher mitochondrial respiration in response to GDH-dependent substrates in the GDH-G446V lymphoblastoid cells compared to control cells. This indicates a shift toward glutaminolysis for energy provision in cells carrying the GDH-G446V variant.

Conclusions
Substitution of the small amino acid glycine for the hydrophobic branched-chain valine altered the allosteric sensitivity to both inhibitory action of GTP and activation by ADP, rendering cells metabolically responsive to glutamine.
Enhancement of chondrogenic differentiation supplemented by a novel small compound for chondrocyte-based tissue engineering
Authors: Hamamoto Shuichi , Chijimatsu Ryota , Shimomura Kazunori , Kobayashi Masato , Jacob George , Yano Fumiko , Saito Taku , Chung Ung-il , Tanaka Sakae , Nakamura Norimasa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Chondrocyte -based tissue engineering has been a promising option for the treatment of cartilage lesions. In previous literature, TD198946 has been shown to promote chondrogenic differentiation which could prove useful in cartilage regeneration therapies. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of TD198946 in generating engineered cartilage using dedifferentiated chondrocyte-seeded collagen scaffolds treated with TD198946.

Methods
Articular chondrocytes were isolated from mini pig knees and expanded in 2-dimensional cell culture and subsequently used in the experiments. 3-D pellets were then cultured for two weeks. Cells were also cultured in a type I collagen scaffolds for four weeks. Specimens were cultured with TD198946, BMP-2, or both in combination. Outcomes were determined by gene expression levels of RUNX1, SOX9, ACAN, COL1A1, COL2A1 and COL10A1, the glycosaminoglycan content, and characteristics of histology and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the maturity of the engineered cartilage cultured for two weeks was evaluated through subcutaneous implantation in nude mice for four weeks.

Results
Addition of TD198946 demonstrated the upregulation of gene expression level except for ACAN, type II collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in both pellet and 3D scaffold cultures. TD198946 and BMP-2 combination cultures showed higher chondrogenic differentiation than TD198946 or BMP-2 alone. The engineered cartilage maintained its extracellular matrices for four weeks post implantation. In contrast, engineered cartilage treated with either TD198946 or BMP-2 alone was mostly absorbed.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that TD198946 could improve quality of engineered cartilage by redifferentiation of dedifferentiated chondrocytes pre-implantation and promoting collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis.
Modeling bikaverin production by Fusarium oxysporum CCT7620 in shake flask cultures
Authors: Santos Marcela Colombo dos , Mendonça Mayra de Lima , Bicas Juliano Lemos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBikaverin is a fungal red pigment that presents antimicrobial and antitumor activities. Therefore, this substance could be used as an alternative additive in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this work was to use response surface methodology to optimize the fermentation conditions and maximize the production of bikaverin in shake flasks. The variables investigated were agitation speed (71–289 rpm), temperature (21–35 °C), and substrate (rice) concentration in the culture medium (16.4–83.6 g/L). The agitation speed had a positive effect on red pigment production, while substrate concentration and temperature had the opposite effect. Maximum bikaverin production was predicted to occur using 289 rpm, 24.3 °C, and 16.4 g/L rice concentration. Experimental validation using 289 rpm, 28 °C, and 20 g/L rice concentration was 6.2% higher than predicted by the model. The present investigation was important for defining the best conditions for the production of bikaverin.
Foraging habitat selection of overwintering Black-necked Cranes in the farming area surrounding the Caohai Wetland, Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Wu Dawei , Hu Canshi , Zhang Mingming , Li Zhumei , Su Haijun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding how overwintering birds choose foraging habitats is very important for conservation management. The overwintering Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) feeds on crop remains in farmlands; thus, reasonable conservation management of this type of farmland that surrounds wetlands is critical for the overwintering populations of the Black-necked Crane; however, it is not clear how the Black-necked Crane chooses the foraging land in the farmland.MethodsA thorough field positioning survey of all foraging sites in farmland areas around the Caohai Wetland and a sampling analysis of habitat selection by the Black-necked Crane were conducted during the winters from 2016‒2017 and 2017‒2018.ResultsMultiple factors contributed to the selection of foraging habitat in farmlands, i.e., food factors (crop remains and tillage methods) > human disturbance factors (distance to road and settlement) > topography factors (slope aspect), listed according to the strength of influence. Additionally, Black-necked Cranes tend to choose farmland sites where there was no machine tillage, the crop remains were > 500 g/m2, the distance to residences ranged from 100 to 500 m, the distance to roads ranged from 50 to 100 m, and the slopes exhibited western or eastern aspects. As the winters progressed, the volume of the edible crop remains declined, and the influences of the other main factors also changed, i.e., the factors of human disturbance (distance to road and settlement) became less important, while the effect of the food factor (crop remains) was strengthened. Thus, the foraging sites near the road became more important.ConclusionThe farming area surrounding the Caohai Wetland is very important for the overwintering Black-necked Crane. Food factors and human disturbance factors are the main factors that influence the choice of feeding ground.
A randomised feasibility study assessing an intervention to keep adults physically active after falls management exercise programmes end
Authors: Audsley Sarah , Kendrick Denise , Logan Pip , Jones Matthew , Orton Elizabeth 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Physical inactivity contributes to disability and falls in older adults. Falls prevention exercise (FaME) programmes improve physical activity and physical function and reduce falling rates. Improvements in physical function are reduced, and falls rates increase, if physical activity is not maintained. This research investigated the feasibility and acceptability of an intervention that aimed to maintain physical activity in older adults exiting FaME.

Methods
The Keeping Adults Physically Active (KAPA) intervention comprised of six group sessions of motivational interviewing, delivered monthly by trained and mentor-supported postural stability instructor’s after the FaME programme ceased. The KAPA intervention included participant manuals, illustrated exercise books, physical activity diaries and pedometers. A feasibility study was conducted in 8 FaME classes. The study design was a two-arm, cluster randomised, multi-site feasibility study comparing the KAPA intervention with usual care. A sample of 50 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years old or older were recruited. Recruitment, retention and attendance rates, self-reported physical activity and participant interviews were used to examine the feasibility and acceptability of the KAPA intervention.

Results
Fifty of the sixty-seven (74.6%) participants invited into the study agreed to take part, 94.2% of the available KAPA sessions were attended and 92.3% of the recruited participants provided outcome data. The KAPA participants expressed positive views about the venues and postural stability instructors and reported enjoying the group interactions. Intervention participants discussed increasing their physical activity in response to the peer-support, illustrated home exercise booklet, physical activity diaries and pedometers. Most discussed the written tasks to be the least enjoyable element of the KAPA intervention. The proportion of participants reporting at least 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week rose from 56.3 to 62.5% in the intervention arm and from 41.4 to 52.0% in the usual care arm.

Conclusions
The participants found the KAPA intervention acceptable. Participants reported the exercise booklet, peer support and the physical activity monitoring tools encouraged them to keep active. A full-scale trial is needed to assess whether physical activity can be significantly maintained in response to the KAPA intervention.

Trial registration
Retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03824015).
Nitrobenzene-induced hormonal disruption, alteration of steroidogenic pathway, and oxidative damage in rat: protective effects of Vernonia amygdalina
Authors: Oladele Johnson O. , Oyeleke Oyedotun M. , Oladele Oluwaseun T. , Babatope Oluwafeyisayo D. , Awosanya Olaide O. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Infertility is a global health burden which affect more than 15% of couples’ population. An impaired hormonal balance, oxidative stress and alteration in the physiological function of the reproductive organ are factors leading to infertility. The present study investigated the protective role of methanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina (MLVA) against Nitrobenzene-induced oxidative testicular damage and hormonal imbalance in rats. Thirty sexually active male wistar rats were sorted into five groups, each group containing six rats. Group I received distilled water while 100 mg/kg bw of Nitrobenzene was administered to groups (II, III, IV and V) to induce testicular damage and hormonal imbalance. Group III and IV were treated with oral administration of 200 mg/kg bw and 400 mg/kg bw of MLVA respectively and group V with vitamin E for 14 days.

Results
Nitrobenzene-treated rats showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the body weight gain, testis and epididymis weights. However, upon administration of MLVA or vitamin E, these changes were significantly reversed in Nitrobenzene-treated rats. Also, Nitrobenzene significantly (P˂0.05) induced endocrine disruption as shown by decreased activities level of serum Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, testosterone, triiodothyronine (T3), and tetraiodothyronine (T4). Administration of Nitrobenzene also induced oxidative damage as shown by increased level of testicular lipid peroxidation (MDA), and decreased levels of glutathione (GSH). Histological studies of the testes revealed mild congestion of interstitial vessels and oedema in rats administered Nitrobenzene only.

Conclusion
Taken together, MLVA obliterated the adverse effects of Nitrobenzene on the antioxidant enzymes, markers of testicular oxidative damage, endocrine and testicular structure in rats.
Quantitative Assessment of the Effects of Compression on Deep Learning in Digital Pathology Image Analysis
Authors: Chen Yijiang , Janowczyk Andrew , Madabhushi Anant 
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE Deep learning (DL), a class of approaches involving self-learned discriminative features, is increasingly being applied to digital pathology (DP) images for tasks such as disease identification and segmentation of tissue primitives (eg, nuclei, glands, lymphocytes). One application of DP is in telepathology, which involves digitally transmitting DP slides over the Internet for secondary diagnosis by an expert at a remote location. Unfortunately, the places benefiting most from telepathology often have poor Internet quality, resulting in prohibitive transmission times of DP images. Image compression may help, but the degree to which image compression affects performance of DL algorithms has been largely unexplored. METHODS We investigated the effects of image compression on the performance of DL strategies in the context of 3 representative use cases involving segmentation of nuclei (n = 137), segmentation of lymph node metastasis (n = 380), and lymphocyte detection (n = 100). For each use case, test images at various levels of compression (JPEG compression quality score ranging from 1-100 and JPEG2000 compression peak signal-to-noise ratio ranging from 18-100 dB) were evaluated by a DL classifier. Performance metrics including F1 score and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were computed at the various compression levels. RESULTS Our results suggest that DP images can be compressed by 85% while still maintaining the performance of the DL algorithms at 95% of what is achievable without any compression. Interestingly, the maximum compression level sustainable by DL algorithms is similar to where pathologists also reported difficulties in providing accurate interpretations. CONCLUSION Our findings seem to suggest that in low-resource settings, DP images can be significantly compressed before transmission for DL-based telepathology applications.
Insurgent citizenship: Youth, political activism and citizen cinema in post-2011 Morocco
Authors: Bahmad Jamal 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The uprisings that swept across North Africa and the Middle East in 2011 brought to world attention the revolutionary potential of youth in the face of social injustice and political repression. This article explores how the so-called Arab Spring foregrounded Moroccan youth's alternative conceptions of citizenship and being young in the MENA region today. Using the emergence of citizen cinema as a case study, I will examine the subjective politics of Moroccan youth's alternative to dominant political and social authority. Made, self-produced and distributed online free of charge by a young and self-avowed citizen filmmaker, Nadir Bouhmouch's debut documentary does not pretend to offer an objective account of Morocco's so-called Arab Spring. Instead, the filmmaker focuses on relating his own personal story as a young upper-class Moroccan student in San Diego, who returned to the country in the summer of 2011 armed with a camera as his weapon in the February 20 Movement's battle for democratic citizenship and social justice in Morocco. In this article, I will show how the subjective point of view structuring this documentary offers a unique perspective not only on Morocco's Arab Spring but also on the impossibility of representing citizenship objectively on the documentary camera. The article ultimately argues that because the personal is always already political in North African documentary filmmaking since 2011, the subjective point of view allows for the emergence of the insurgent citizenship of the region's youth.
Tunisians in motion: Performing and narrating the (non-)political in Leyla Bouzid's As I Open My Eyes
Authors: Strohmaier Alena 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The film À peine j'ouvre les yeux () by Leyla Bouzid condenses performance and narration to create a space alternating between normative discourses prescribed by ruling elites on the one hand and the subjectivity of human agency on the other. Recent developments in the Maghreb have noted that issues previously attributed to the private realm, the cultural or social sphere are being politicized and thus become the focus of public controversy. Following postcolonial, cultural studies and space-theoretical concepts, the epistemological interest of this article is linked to a flexible, media-theoretical notion of the political, so as to discuss specific forms of social/private spheres and discourses of knowledge production in a critical analysis with questions about individual/collective agencies based on examples in the film itself.
Feeling the field: Reflections on embodiment within improvised dance ethnography
Authors: Martin Rose 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article shares methodological meanderings that sit at the intersection of embodiment and improvised dance ethnography. Comprised of a series of personal reflections on fieldwork, the query of ‘how does ethnography feel for the researcher?' is explored. While questions pertaining to feelings researchers encounter in the field have been probed with some depth in existing literature, these are not always connected to how the feelings of the researcher are embodied at a somatic level. Through sharing two narratives of challenging moments I have confronted in fieldwork, ideas around notions of embodiment, performing and fear, and violence and vulnerability are illuminated. Through unpacking how improvisational ethnography plays out from an embodied place, from my lived experiences as a dance researcher, there is the potential for fostering a more fully developed somatic understanding of ethnographic dance research as a practice.