bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of design-based properties of different composite estimators
Authors: Bonnéry Daniel , Cheng Yang , Lahiri Partha 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
For the last several decades, the US Census Bureau has been applying AK composite estimation method for estimating monthly levels and month-to-month changes in unemployment using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which uses a rotating panel design. For each rotation group, survey-weighted totals, known as month-in-sample estimates, are derived each month to estimate population totals. Denoting the vector of month-in-sample estimates by Y and the design-based variance-covariance matrix of Y by ∑, one can obtain a class of AK estimators as linear combinations of Y, where the coefficients of a linear combination in the class are functions of the two coefficients A and K. The coefficients A and K were optimized by the Census Bureau under rather strong assumptions on ∑ such as the stationarity of ∑ over a decade. We devise an evaluation study in order to compare the AK estimator with a number of rival estimators. To this end, we construct three different synthetic populations that resemble the Current Population Survey (CPS) data. To draw samples from these synthetic populations, we consider a simplified sample design that mimics the CPS sample design with the same rotation pattern. Since the number of possible samples that can be drawn from each synthetic population is not large, we compute the exact ∑ and the exact mean squared error of all estimators considered to facilitate comparison. To generate the first set of rival estimators, we consider certain subclasses of the broader class of linear combinations of month-in-sample estimates. For each subclass, when ∑ is known, the optimum estimator is obtained as a function of ∑. An estimated optimal estimator in each subclass is then obtained from the corresponding optimal estimator when ∑ is replaced by an estimator. Neither the AK estimator nor the estimated optimal estimators for these subclasses performed well in our evaluation study. In our real life data analysis, the AK estimates are constantly below the survey-weighted estimates, indicating potential bias. Our study indicates limitations of the approach that generate an estimated optimal estimator by first obtaining the optimal estimator in a class of linear combination of Y and then substituting in the optimal estimator an estimate of ∑.
Any attempt to improve on the estimated optimal estimator in any given class would require a thorough investigation of the highly non-trivial problem of estimation of ∑ for a complex setting like the CPS. We have not discussed this problem in this paper. Instead, we adapted the regression composite estimator used by Statistics Canada in the CPS setting. Unlike the estimated optimal estimators, the regression composite estimator does not require estimation of ∑ and is less sensitive to the rotation group bias in our simulation study. Our study indicates that there is a great potential for regression composite estimation technique in improving estimation of both levels and month-to-month changes in the unemployment rates.
Systematic Evaluation of the Mechanisms of Mulberry Leaf (Morus alba Linne) Acting on Diabetes Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Wu Qiguo , Hu Yeqing 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine metabolic disorder-
related diseases. The application of herbal medicine to control glucose levels and improve insulin
action might be a useful approach in the treatment of diabetes. Mulberry leaves (ML) have
been reported to exert important activities of anti-diabetic.

Objective:
In this work, we aimed to explore the multi-targets and multi-pathways regulatory
molecular mechanism of Mulberry leaves (ML, Morus alba Linne) acting on diabetes.

Methods:
Identification of active compounds of Mulberry leaves using Traditional Chinese
Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database was carried out. Bioactive components were
screened by FAF-Drugs4 website (Free ADME-Tox Filtering Tool). The targets of bioactive components
were predicted from SwissTargetPrediction website, and the diabetes related targets were
screened from GeneCards database. The common targets of ML and diabetes were used for Gene
Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis. The visualization networks were constructed by
Cytoscape 3.7.1 software. The biological networks were constructed to analyze the mechanisms as
follows: (1) compound-target network; (2) common target-compound network; (3) common targets
protein interaction network; (4) compound-diabetes protein-protein interactions (ppi) network; (5)
target-pathway network; and (6) compound-target-pathway network. At last, the prediction results
of network pharmacology were verified by molecular docking method.

Results:
17 active components were obtained by TCMSP database and FAF-Drugs4 website. 51 potential
targets (11 common targets and 40 associated indirect targets) were obtained and used to
build the PPI network by the String database. Furthermore, the potential targets were used for GO
and pathway enrichment analysis. Eight key active compounds (quercetin, Iristectorigenin A, 4-
Prenylresveratrol, Moracin H, Moracin C, Isoramanone, Moracin E and Moracin D) and 8 key targets
(AKT1, IGF1R, EIF2AK3, PPARG, AGTR1, PPARA, PTPN1 and PIK3R1) were obtained to
play major roles in Mulberry leaf acting on diabetes. And the signal pathways involved in the mechanisms
mainly include AMPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, mTOR signaling
pathway, insulin signaling pathway and insulin resistance. The molecular docking results show that
the 8 key active compounds have good affinity with the key target of AKT1, and the 5 key targets
(IGF1R, EIF2AK3, PPARG, PPARA and PTPN1) have better affinity than AKT1 with the key
compound of quercetin.

Conclusion:
Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking, this study provided an important
systematic and visualized basis for further understanding of the synergy mechanism of ML
acting on diabetes.
A Potential MRI Agent and an Anticancer Drug Encapsulated within CPMV Virus-Like Particles
Authors: Aljabali Alaa A.A. , Alzoubi Lorca , Hamzat Yassmen , Alqudah Alaa , Obeid Mohammad A. , Al Zoubi Mazhar S. , Ennab Raed M. , Alshaer Walhan , Albatayneh Khaled , Al-Trad Bahaa , Alqudah Dana A. , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , Gupta Gaurav , Tambuwala Murtaza M. , Kamal Dua , Evans David J. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Virus nanoparticles have been extensively studied over the past decades
for theranostics applications. Viruses are well-characterized, naturally occurring nanoparticles that
can be produced in high quantity with a high degree of similarity in both structure and composition.

Objectives:
The plant virus Cowpea Mosaic Virus (CPMV) has been innovatively used as a nanoscaffold.
Utilization of the internal cavity of empty Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for the inclusion of
therapeutics within the capsid has opened many opportunities in drug delivery and imaging applications.

Methods:
The encapsidation of magnetic materials and anticancer drugs was achieved. SuperscriptCPMV
denotes molecules attached to the external surface of CPMV and CPMVSubscript denotes
molecules within the interior of the capsid.

Results:
Here, the generation of novel VLPs incorporating iron-platinum nanoparticles TCPMVFePt
and cisplatin (Cis) (TCPMVCis) is reported. TCPMVCis exhibited a cytotoxic IC50 of TCPMVCis on
both A549 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines of 1.8 μM and 3.9 μM, respectively after 72 hours of incubation.
The TCPMVFePt were prepared as potential MRI contrast agents.

Conclusions:
Cisplatin loaded VLP (TCPMVCis) is shown to enhance cisplatin cytotoxicity in cancer
cell lines with its potency increased by 2.3-folds.
Pavement Pothole Detection Based on Cascade and Fusion Convolutional
Neural Network Using 2D Images under Complex Pavement Conditions
Authors: Guoqiang Chen , Bingxin Bai , Huailong Yi 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Background: The development of deep learning technology has promoted the industrial intelligence, and
automatic driving vehicles have become a hot research direction. As to the problem that pavement potholes threaten the
safety of automatic driving vehicles, the pothole detection under complex environment conditions is studied.

Objective:
The goal of the work is to propose a new model of pavement pothole detection based on convolutional neural
network. The main contribution is that the Multi-level Feature Fusion Block and the Detector Cascading Block are
designed and a series of detectors are cascaded together to improve the detection accuracy of the proposed model.

Methods:
A pothole detection model is designed based on the original object detection model. In the study, the Transfer
Connection Block in the Object Detection Module is removed and the Multi-level Feature Fusion Block is redesigned. At
the same time, a Detector Cascading Block with multi-step detection is designed. Detectors are connected directly to the
feature map and cascaded. In addition, the structure skips the transformation step.

Results:
The proposed method can be used to detect potholes efficiently. The real-time and accuracy of the model are
improved after adjusting the network parameters and redesigning the model structure. The maximum detection accuracy
of the proposed model is 75.24%.

Conclusion:
The Multi-level Feature Fusion Block designed enhances the fusion of high and low layer feature
information and is conducive to extracting a large amount of target information. The Detector Cascade Block is a detector
with cascade structure, which can realize more accurate prediction of the object. In a word, the model designed has greatly
improved the detection accuracy and speed, which lays a solid foundation for pavement pothole detection under complex
environmental conditions.
Inhibition of Verticillium Dahliae and Rhizoctonia Solani Growth by Solid Phosphate Sludge Amendments
Authors: Baiz Zakaria , Dahmani Jamila , Gaboun Fatima , Elguilli Mohammed 
Published: September 2020

Background:
In Morocco, phosphate processing generates large quantities of sludge which amass, form fillings, reduce arable land and distort the landscape. Phosphate wash sludge is rich in mineral elements. In order to recover some of these mineral elements including phosphorus, we considered using this sludge in a nursery as a substrate.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to check the effect of solid phosphate sludge amendment on some of the main soil-borne pathogens: Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn.

Materials and Methods:
The pathogens have been isolated and identified in the laboratory of Plant Pathology and Postharvest Quality of INRA-Kenitra. Phosphate wash sludge used was originated from the Khouribga phosphate treatment sludge disposal site. Different concentrations of phosphate sludge (0, 10, 30, 50, and 100 g/l) were tested on a PDA-based medium, in three replicates. The inhibitory effects on mycelial growth were measured and compared with those on the soil used by nurseries (Maamora forest soil). Petri dishes with PDA alone were used as control. The same concentrations (10, 30, 50 and 100 g/kg) were tested in vivo on two varieties of tomato and on Faba Faba bean for Verticillium dahliae and Rhizoctonia solani, respectively.

Results:
The results of this study showed that there was significant growth inhibition at different concentrations of solid Phosphate sludge amendments in vitro. The highest inhibition percentage was observed at 100 g/l of phosphate sludge amendments with 42% and 75% for Verticillium dahliae and Rhizoctonia solani. The high concentrations of phosphate sludge have shown lower disease severity of Verticillium dahliae on the tomato plants and a disease index of Rhizoctonia solani on the Faba bean plants.

Conclusion:
Based on these results, we can recommend that solid phosphate sludge can be used or mixed with other substrates in nurseries.
The Resurgence of Cyber Racism During the COVID-19 Pandemic and its Aftereffects: Analysis of Sentiments and Emotions in Tweets
Authors: Dubey Akash Dutt 
Published: September 2020

Background
With increasing numbers of patients with COVID-19 globally, China and the World Health Organization have been blamed by some for the spread of this disease. Consequently, instances of racism and hateful acts have been reported around the world. When US President Donald Trump used the term “Chinese Virus,” this issue gained momentum, and ethnic Asians are now being targeted. The online situation looks similar, with increases in hateful comments and posts.

Objective
The aim of this paper is to analyze the increasing instances of cyber racism during the COVID-19 pandemic, by assessing emotions and sentiments associated with tweets on Twitter.

Methods
In total, 16,000 tweets from April 11-16, 2020, were analyzed to determine their associated sentiments and emotions. Statistical analysis was carried out using R. Twitter API and the sentimentr package were used to collect tweets and then evaluate their sentiments, respectively. This research analyzed the emotions and sentiments associated with terms like “Chinese Virus,” “Wuhan Virus,” and “Chinese Corona Virus.”

Results
The results suggest that the majority of the analyzed tweets were of negative sentiment and carried emotions of fear, sadness, anger, and disgust. There was a high usage of slurs and profane words. In addition, terms like “China Lied People Died,” “Wuhan Health Organization,” “Kung Flu,” “China Must Pay,” and “CCP is Terrorist” were frequently used in these tweets.

Conclusions
This study provides insight into the rise in cyber racism seen on Twitter. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that a substantial number of users are tweeting with mostly negative sentiments toward ethnic Asians, China, and the World Health Organization.
Strategic Optimization of Public Opinion Management in Universities under Change of Network Public Opinion Ecosystem
Authors: Jingjing Shui 
Published: September 2020

The current breakthroughs in Internet big data and AI technologies have accelerated the fission-like dissemination of public opinion on the Internet, providing both opportunities and challenges for university governance. Universities should adapt to the new situation of the ecological change of public opinion with subject, object, carrier and environment as the elements, and optimize the public opinion management mechanism of universities from five levels: building a management system of network public opinion, strengthening the guidance mode of public opinion, promoting the operation of campus new media matrix, paying attention to the education of students’ network media literacy, and focusing on the construction of open internal and external communication platform, purifying the network space, maintaining the image of universities, and creating a Double First-class construction of universities and necessary ecology.
The Legality of Small Arms Production
Authors: Piccini Nicola 
Published: September 2020

Officially, international control of small arms and light weapons (SALW) has made considerable advancements in recent years, most notably in the form of the 2014 Arms Trade Treaty (ATT). Nonetheless, important systemic and structural deficiencies seem to persist, which prevent these control mechanisms from achieving their intended purpose. In an attempt to find an explanation for these shortcomings, this article traces back previous attempts aimed at combatting the illicit proliferation of SALW, by emphasising both their unbowed demand and the trade’s continuous commercial viability. The example of Bulgarian-made AK-47 machineguns underlines the picture of a system intentionally failing to prevent the weapons’ profitable export. It concludes that following the rise of globalisation, the privatisation of SALW manufacturing industries appears to have become the biggest impediment to effective control. Subsequently, it is argued that most anti-proliferation treaties are deliberately limited to a priori insufficient trade restrictions, as they lack any pre-emptive measures that target these weapons’ mass production in the first place. Once produced, SALW will find a buyer – no matter the existence of trade restrictions.
Men at work: Grinding stone production by the experts and others in northern Ethiopia
Authors: Nixon-Darcus Laurie , Meresa Yemane 
Published: September 2020

It is necessary to access the oral forms of local histories often held in traditional African communities to help us understand the African past and avoid framing interpretations solely in terms of Western epistemologies. Ethnoarchaeological fieldwork was carried out in villages in the Gulo Makeda region of northeastern Tigrai, northern Ethiopia, where access to mechanical mills has only been available in the last few decades. Individuals in this area still have knowledge and memory of manufacturing, using and discarding grinding stones. Interviews were held with male advisors who shared their knowledge and expertise about the entire process of manufacturing grinding stones. To move beyond understanding just the technical aspects of grinding stone manufacturing (what and how), the theory and methods associated with the chaîne opératoire and design theory were incorporated into the research to allow discovery of intricate socio-economic interrelationships (how and why) that exist through grinding manufacture within this culture. Manufacturing offers opportunities for socialization, cooperation and community engagement.
Through ethnoarchaeology it became clear that the manufacturing of grinding stones in northeastern Tigrai is a complex process requiring design decisions, skills, knowledge, and social interaction that builds interpersonal relationships. By arranging two separate manufacturing sessions, one with experts and one with non-experts, comparisons were made of technological and social differences between experts and non-experts. The individuals who are experts in manufacturing grinding stones made higher quality grinding stones than the non-experts. The experts are also afforded a special respect by others, as they are the creators of the technology “necessary for life” in a culture traditionally dependent on cereal flours for sustenance. Potentially this respect for experts could be true for the past as well. Since the grinding stone artifacts from Mezber are large stones, likely meant to produce significant amounts of flour, they would have been important to daily life. Those who manufactured these tools important for subsistence would likely have been considered important individuals in the community.
ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY OF FISH GROWING IN WATER WITH NEGATIVE OXIDATION-REDUCTION POTENTIAL
Authors: Bakhareva Anna Aleksandrovna , Grozesku Yulia Nikolaevna , Zhandalgarova Adelya Dzumaniyashevna , Slavin Leonid Matveevich , Nevalennyy Aleksandr 
Published: September 2020

The paper outlines the problems of fish rearing in the water with negative redox potential. Water is known to consist of supermolecules, the so-called clusters and cells, connected by a special molecular structure. This structure changes when exposed to water in different ways: chemical, electromagnetic, mechanical. Under these influences the water molecules rearrange forming the structured living water. The effectiveness of activated water is explained by the fact that in the process of electrolysis the dead water acquires a positive electric potential, and living water – a negative electrical potential. It becomes a weak electrolyte which quickly interacts with body fluids (gastric juice, blood, lymph, intercellular fluid, etc.). As a result of the studies carried out on juvenile tilapia, it has been found that the hydrochemical parameters in the experimental (growing in structured water) and control variants were within the standard values. Concentration of O2 made 7 mg/l, pH of the medium was 7.2, and nitrite concentration was 0.3 mg/l. It has been inferred that the redox potential (redox) of the blood of young tilapia has a negative value
(–96 mV). It has been recorded that at a water temperature of 21°C that is sufficiently low for thermophilic tilapia and at a negative redox (–212 mV) there has been observed a high growth rate of fish. It was found that the use of redox water (–100 mV) is most effective, because the linear-weight gain of juveniles increases by 41% in comparison with the control. Negatively charged (cathode) water increases the efficiency of rearing tilapia fry and does not affect the physiological state of fish. Tilapia fry reared in the structured water have the highest hemoglobin content (62-64 g/l) and total protein (13.3-14.3 g/l).
RESEARCH OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF GOLDEN MULLET (LIZA AURATA, RISSO) IN THE CASPIAN SEA
Authors: Kozlova Natalia Victorovna , Dubovskaya Anisia Victorovna , Makarova Ekaterina Grigorievna , Markina Inna Aleksandrovna , Nikitin Filipp Igorevich 
Published: September 2020

The paper outlines the study of the physiological and biochemical parameters
of golden mullet (Liza aurata, Risso) in the Caspian Sea. Collecting material was carried out in the western part of the Northern and Middle Caspian in September-October 2019. The female and male species were analyzed. The histomorphological investigation of the gonads of females and males indicated the completion of spawning. The morphological picture of the gonads of golden mullet
of both sexes corresponded to the maturity scale of this species as applied to the Caspian region.
In the blood there was determined the concentration of hemoglobin, total serum protein, total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, and inorganic phosphorus. A valid positive correlation dependence (p < 0.05) of weight and length of females (r = 0.9340) and males (r = 0.9320) was stated.
In females high correlations were recorded between the levels of total serum protein and cholesterol (r = 0.9071), total serum protein and hemoglobin (r = 0.9706), glucose and hemoglobin
(r = 0.8897) with a statistical significance level of p < 0.05. The revealed statistical dependencies of physiological and biochemical parameters of fish blood indicated their important role in the body in optimizing the total energy costs after spawning. According to the study of males, there has been found a high (r = 0.9195) significant (p < 0.05) correlation relationship between the content
of hemoglobin and cholesterol in the blood. The content of total lipids in muscles, gonads and liver of females and males of golden mullet were comparable. The levels of water-soluble protein in the muscles, liver, and gonads of fish of both sexes did not differ significantly. The obtained research results on the complex of physiological and biochemical parameters of golden mullet will significantly increase the volume of reliable information about the physiological status of the organism of the studied species of mullet in the modern ecological conditions of the Caspian Sea.