bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delineating foraging grounds of a loggerhead turtle population through satellite tracking of juveniles
Authors: Snape Robin T.E. , Schofield Gail , White Michael 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Tracking of juvenile sea turtles is a research priority to inform the protection of relevant habitats and ensure sustainable rates of recruitment into adult populations. Based on satellite tracking, mixed stock analysis, and mark–recapture studies, Drini Bay in the South Adriatic Sea, Central Mediterranean, has been confirmed as an important foraging site used by loggerhead turtles from all major rookeries in the Mediterranean subpopulation.
Three juvenile loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from Drini Bay were tracked for 763, 364, and 211 days respectively. All turtles exhibited different movement patterns.
The two smaller turtles ranged widely beyond the bay. One of these (69.5 cm curved‐carapace length; CCL) used the coldest region of the Mediterranean during the first winter of tracking where mean weekly temperatures dipped below 12°C but moved southwards to warmer waters during the second winter. In comparison, the other (66 cm CCL) individual moved south to winter in warmer waters from the outset. Both individuals returned to Drini Bay during summer, demonstrating fidelity to the study site. The third turtle, which was larger (76 cm CCL), remained in Drini Bay for the duration of tracking. These results support the findings of other mark–recapture studies at Drini Bay, which have suggested that the foraging site is being used in a transient way by immature turtles.
All three turtles preferentially used the shallow waters (<30 m) in the south of Drini Bay. The study demonstrates a high degree of overlap between the habitat use of the three tracked turtles and that of adult turtles tracked from nesting sites, and although based on a small sample size, contributes to a growing knowledge base regarding the wider habitat use of the Mediterranean loggerhead population.
Graphene Oxide as an Enhancer of Fluorescence
Authors: Bapli Aloke , Gautam Rajesh Kumar , Seth (Duley) Soma , Jana Rabindranath , Pandit Souvik , Seth Debabrata 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSolvent‐dependent switching of graphene oxide (GO) as fluorescence quencher or enhancer was observed. In some solvents, GO increases the fluorescence yield of a hydrophilic molecule 7‐(diethylamino)‐coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acid (7‐DCA), and in some solvents GO act as a quencher of fluorescence.
Abel lemma‐based finite‐sum inequality approach to stabilization for 2‐D time‐varying delay systems
Authors: Peng Dan , Nie Hanmei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe problem of delay‐dependent stability is concerned for two‐dimensional discrete‐time systems with interval time‐varying delays in this paper. Choosing a Lyapunov functional with the upper bound and lower bound of delays, considering all terms in the difference and using two‐dimensional Abel lemma‐based finite‐sum inequalities, a new delay‐dependent stability criterion in terms of linear matrix inequality is derived for two‐dimensional discrete‐time systems. Then, based on the delay‐dependent stability criteria, a state feedback control problem and a dynamic output feedback control problem are considered to realize the stability control for the two‐dimensional discrete‐time system. Finally, it is shown through four numerical examples that the stability criterion can provide a larger admissible maximum upper bound with less decision variables than the stability criterion using two‐dimensional Jensen inequalities approach.
Efficient enzymatic synthesis of cephalexin in suspension aqueous solution system
Authors: Fan Yixiao , Li Yingbo , Liu Qingfen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn efficient method for the enzymatic synthesis of cephalexin (CEX) from 7‐amino‐3‐deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7‐ADCA) and d‐phenylglycine methyl ester (PGME) using immobilized penicillin G acylase (IPGA) as catalyst in a suspension aqueous solution system was developed, where the reactant 7‐ADCA and product CEX are mainly present as solid particles. The effects of key factors on the enzymatic synthesis were investigated. Results showed that continuous feeding of PGME was more efficient for the synthesis of CEX than the batch mode. Under the optimized conditions, the maximum 7‐ADCA conversion ratio of 99.3% and productivity of 200 mmol/L/H were achieved, both of which are much superior to the homogeneous aqueous solution system. Besides, IPGA still retained 95.4% of its initial activity after 10 cycles of enzymatic synthesis, indicating the excellent stability of this approach. The developed approach shows great potential for the industrial production of CEX via an enzyme‐based route.
Graphitic‐Based Solid‐State Supercapacitors: Enabling Redox Reaction by In Situ Electrochemical Treatment
Authors: Amjadipour Mojtaba , Su Dawei , Iacopi Francesca 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe quest for supercapacitors that can hold both high energy and power density is of increasing significance as the need for green and reliable energy storage devices grows, for both large‐scale and integrated systems. While supercapacitors for integrated technologies require a solid‐state approach, gel‐based electrolytes are generally not as efficient as their aqueous counterparts. Here, we demonstrate a strategy to enhance the performance of quasi‐solid‐state supercapacitors made by graphitized silicon carbide on silicon electrodes and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)+H2SO4 gel electrolyte. The electrochemical characterization shows an increase of the specific capacitance of the cell up to 3‐fold resulting from a simple agent‐free, in situ, electrochemical treatment leading to functionalization of the graphitic electrodes. The functionalization of the electrodes simultaneously enables redox reactions, without adding any redox agent, and increases the double layer contribution to the overall capacitance. The strategy and insights offered by this work hold great promise for improving quasi‐solid‐state, miniaturized on‐chip energy storage systems, which are compatible with silicon electronics.
The role of kynurenine pathway and kynurenic aminotransferase alleles in postpartum depression following cesarean section in Chinese women
Authors: Quan Chengxuan , Wang Saiying , Duan Kaiming , Ma Jiahui , Yu Heya , Yang Mi , Hu Na , Long Ge , Zeng Guang , Huang Zhendong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesA growing body of data indicates that the kynurenine pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis of postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS). Kynurenic aminotransferase (KAT) is an important kynurenine pathway enzyme, catalyzing kynurenine (KYN) into kynurenic acid (KYNA). This study investigated as to whether genetic variations in KAT are associated with PDS.MethodsA cohort of 360 Chinese women scheduled to undergo cesarean delivery was enrolled into this study. PDS was determined by an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score ≥ 13. A total of eight KAT single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped and their association with PDS investigated. Serum concentrations of KYN, KYNA, and quinolinic acid (QUIN) in women with or without PDS were also measured. This allowed the determination of the KYNA/KYN ratio, which is reflective of KAT activity.ResultsPostpartum depressive symptoms incidence was 7.2%. Advanced maternal age, lower education, antenatal depression, and postpartum blues were risk factors for PDS (p < .05). Women with PDS, versus non‐PDS, had heightened KYN levels one day prior to surgery (ante‐d1) (p < .05), as well as having significantly lower KYNA and higher QUIN levels at postnatal day three (post‐d3) (p < .05). Women with, versus without, PDS also had a significantly higher QUIN/KYNA ratio at post‐d3 (p < .05). KAT activity was significantly lower in women with, versus without, PDS at ante‐d3 (p < .05). No significant association was evident between the KAT SNPs and PDS.ConclusionOur data support a role for alterations in the kynurenine pathway in the pathogenesis of PDS, although no significant association was found for the eight tested KAT SNPs with PDS.
Secondary Metabolites from Marine Micromonospora: Chemistry and Bioactivities
Authors: Qi Sisi , Gui Min , Li Huanhuan , Yu Chunbo , Li Hongji , Zeng Zheling , Sun Peng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMarine Micromonospora was revealed to be a rather untapped and a rich source of chemically diverse and unique bioactive natural products. This review is aimed to make a comprehensive survey of secondary metabolites that were derived from marine Micromonospora including chemical diversity and biological activities. A total of 116 compounds from 41 marine Micromonospora species have been reported, covering the literatures from 1997 to 2019. These compounds contain several structural classes such as polyketides (PKS), nonribosomal peptides (NRPS), PKS‐NRPS hybrids, terpenes and others, and they present cytotoxic, antibacterial, antiparasitic, chemopreventive or antioxidant activities.
Peroral endoscopic myotomy is an effective treatment for diffuse esophageal spasm
Authors: Sugihara Yuusaku , Sakae Hiroyuki , Hamada Kenta , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDiffuse esophageal spasm (DES) causes symptoms such as dysphagia. However, DES is sometimes difficult to diagnose. DES can be diagnosed based on a characteristic image through esophageal radiography. As in the present case, DES is considered a good indication for peroral endoscopic myotomy.
Effect of process parameters on circulating fluidized bed coal gasification using 3D full‐loop CFD simulation
Authors: Sharma Vikrant , Agarwal Vijay K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article presents a 3D full‐loop computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of a circulating fluidized bed gasifier (CFBG). The simulation results are validated against the experimental data and found to be in good agreement. Thereupon, the effect of the process parameters, ie, temperature, pressure, air/coal (A/C) ratio, and steam/coal (S/C) ratio, on the performance of the gasifier is analyzed. The effect of temperature on the hydrodynamics was found to be small. The CO and H2 increase, whereas the CO2 and H2O decrease with an increase in temperature. While the effect of pressure on the outlet species mole fraction is negligible, the gas and solid axial velocity decrease with an increase in pressure. With an increasing A/C ratio or decreasing S/C ratio, the combustion products (CO2 and H2O) increase, whereas the gasification products (CO and H2) decrease due to the increase in the O2 concentration. In addition, temperature increases with an increase in the A/C ratio or a decrease in the S/C ratio. The feed velocity increases with an increasing A/C or S/C ratio, and, accordingly, the pressure increases and bed height decreases. The CH4 decreases in all of the cases as it is being consumed in gasification as well as combustion reactions.
Continued increasing incidence of malignant appendiceal tumors in Canada and the United States: A population‐based study
Authors: Singh Harminder , Koomson Ananda S. , Decker Kathleen M. , Park Jason , Demers Alain A. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundTo the authors' knowledge, there are limited data regarding the epidemiology of malignant appendiceal tumors. It remains unknown whether the previously reported trends are occurring in different countries and/or continuing in recent years and/or whether they are possibly due to increasing rates of appendectomies. In the current study, the authors investigated the patterns and time trends of malignant appendiceal tumor diagnosis by age group, sex, stage of disease, and histology in Canada and the United States and concomitant rates of appendectomies in Canada.MethodsThe Canadian Cancer Registry and the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results incidence databases were used to identify incident patients of malignant appendiceal tumors in the 2 countries between 1992 and 2016. The Canadian national hospitals Discharge Abstract Database was used to identify appendectomies performed between 2004 and 2015. Joinpoint regression analyses were performed to determine time trends.ResultsThere was an overall increase in the incidence of malignant appendiceal tumors of 232% in the United States and 292% in Canada between 2000 and 2016. The increase was noted for malignant adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine appendiceal tumors in both countries. The increase occurred across all age groups, sexes, and stages of disease. The highest rate of increase was noted for appendiceal neuroendocrine malignant tumors diagnosed among the youngest age groups. The rate of appendectomies was stable in the recent time periods, resulting in a decreasing rate of appendectomies per malignant appendiceal tumor diagnosis.ConclusionsThe incidence of malignant appendiceal tumor is continuing to increase, which is not likely due to the increasing diagnosis of asymptomatic tumors at the time of appendectomies.
Furan and Pyran Functional Groups Driven the Surface of Nitrogen‐Doped Nanofiber Sponges
Authors: Fajardo‐Díaz M.Sc. Juan L. , Rodríguez‐Corvera M.Sc. Cristina L. , Muñoz‐Sandoval Ph.D. Emilio , López‐Urías Ph.D. Florentino 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHighly surface oxidized, nitrogen‐doped, and nitrogen functionalized carbon nanotube sponge (N‐CFS) were produced at 1020 °C using two sprayers approach in an aerosol‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) experiment. The structure of N‐CFS consisted of entangled and corrugated carbon nanofibers of ∼200 nm diameter, also showing junctions and knots. TEM characterizations revealed that the carbon nanofiber exhibits stacked graphitic layers in a transversal way with positive curvature. Superficial chemical analysis by XPS showed that the N‐CFSs contain an atomic concentration of oxygen and nitrogen of 9.2% and 2.9%, respectively. The high‐resolution XPS scans deconvolution‐analysis revealed high percentages for C−O bonds, pyrrolic nitrogen doping, NH3 functionalization, and Si−C interactions. The cyclic voltammetry measurements did not display a redox process despite the high oxygen concentration at the surface. Hydrophobic functional groups containing C−O bonds do not participate in a redox process (furan, pyran, epoxy, methoxy, ethoxy, among others) could mostly determine the electroactivity of N‐CFS. Based on density functional theory calculations, we determine that the furans transfer a high amount of electron and promote a positive curvature in thin carbon nanotubes. Graphitic materials with furans, pyrans, and epoxy functional groups could be used as an anode in lithium‐ion batteries.
Single‐Cell Analysis of Cytokine mRNA and Protein Expression by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Pal Rubina , Schaubhut Jayne , Clark Darcey , Brown Lynette , Stewart Jennifer J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how immune cells respond to external stimuli such as pathogens or drugs is a key component of biomedical research. Critical to the immune response are the expression of cell‐surface receptors and the secretion of cytokines, which are tightly regulated by gene expression and protein synthesis. Previously, cytokine mRNA expression levels have been measured from bulk analysis of heterogeneous or sorted cell populations, and the correlation between cytokine mRNA expression and protein levels using these techniques can be highly variable. Flow cytometry is used to monitor changes in cell‐surface and intracellular proteins, but some proteins such as cytokines may be transient and difficult to measure. Thus, a flow cytometry method that can simultaneously measure cytokine mRNA and protein levels in single cells is a very powerful tool. We defined a flow cytometry method that combines the conventional measurement of T cell surface proteins (CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8) and intracellular cytokines (IL‐2, INF‐γ) with fluorescent in situ hybridization and branched DNA technology for amplification and detection of IL‐2 and INF‐γ mRNA transcripts in activated T cells. This method has been applied to frozen peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) and frozen blood samples, making it applicable to clinical trial specimens that require shipment to the test site. In CD4+ cells from activated PBMCs, the concordance between mRNA and protein levels was 41% for IL‐2 and 21% for and INF‐γ. In CD8+ cells from activated PBMCs, the concordance was 15% for IL‐2 and 32% for INF‐γ. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol: Detection of IL‐2 and IFN‐γ mRNA and protein expression in frozen PBMCsAlternate Protocol: Detection of IL‐2 and IFN‐γ mRNA and protein expression in frozen blood
Single Crystal Growth of N‐Benzyl‐2‐methyl‐4‐nitroaniline by Seeded Czochralski Pulling Technique for NLO and THz Applications
Authors: Raju Kalaivanan , Aruchamy Mythili , Karuppannan Srinivasan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSingle crystal of N‐benzyl‐2‐methyl‐4‐nitroaniline (BNA), a potential organic nonlinear optical (NLO) material for terahertz (THz) pulse generation, is grown successfully from diffusion controlled melt environment by Czochralski pulling (Cz) technique and is reported for the first time. A solution grown crystal having habitual morphology is used as a seed with pre‐determined crystal rotations at constant melt temperature of 102 °C. Unit cell structure of melt grown BNA is refined using single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis and is compared with that of the solution grown one. Crystal packing with the dominance of intermolecular hydrogen bonding such as C─H…O, N─H─O, and C─H…π is examined using 2D finger print (FP) plot and 3D Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis. The presence of minimal percentage of voids reflects the good stacking of molecular arrangement in the melt grown crystals when compared to the solution grown ones. Crystalline purity is confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. Modes of vibrations of different functional groups present and wide optical transparency of the grown BNA are realized using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet‐visible‐near infrared (UV–vis–NIR) spectroscopic analyses, respectively. Thermal stability and melting point are confirmed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Lack of discreet colocalization of epithelial apoptosis to the atretic precursor in the colon of the Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2IIIb mouse and staining consistent with cellular movement suggest a revised model of atresia formation
Authors: Kowalkowski Anna , Zaremba Krzysztof M. , Rogers Andrew P. , Hoffman Olivia R. , Turco Anne E. , Nichol Peter F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundColonic atresias in the Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2IIIb (Fgfr2IIIb) mouse model have been attributed to increased epithelial apoptosis and decreased epithelial proliferation at embryonic day (E) 10.5. We therefore hypothesized that these processes would colocalize to the distal colon where atresias occur (atretic precursor) and would be excluded or minimized from the proximal colon and small intestine.ResultsWe observed a global increase in intestinal epithelial apoptosis in Fgfr2IIIb
−/− intestines from E9.5 to E10.5 that did not colocalize to the atretic precursor. Additionally, epithelial proliferations rates in Fgfr2IIIb
−/− intestines were statistically indistinguishable to that of controls at E10.5 and E11.5. At E11.5 distal colonic epithelial cells in mutants failed to assume the expected pseudostratified columnar architecture and the continuity of the adjacent basal lamina was disrupted. Individual E‐cadherin‐positive cells were observed in the colonic mesenchyme.ConclusionsOur observations suggest that alterations in proliferation and apoptosis alone are insufficient to account for intestinal atresias and that these defects may arise from both a failure of distal colonic epithelial cells to develop normally and local disruptions in basal lamina architecture.
A negative association between horn length and survival in a weakly dimorphic ungulate
Authors: Douhard Mathieu , Crampe Jean‐Paul , Loison Anne , Bonenfant Christophe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhile all models of sexual selection assume that the development and expression of enlarged secondary sexual traits are costly, males with larger ornaments or weapons generally show greater survival or longevity. These studies have mostly been performed in species with high sexual size dimorphism, subject to intense sexual selection. Here, we examined the relationships between horn growth and several survival metrics in the weakly dimorphic Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica). In this unhunted population living at high density, males and females were able to grow long horns without any apparent costs in terms of longevity. However, we found a negative relationship between horn growth and survival during prime age in males. This association reduces the potential evolutionary consequences of trophy hunting in male chamois. We also found that females with long horns tended to have lower survival at old ages. Our results illustrate the contrasting conclusions that may be drawn when different survival metrics are used in analyses. The ability to detect trade‐off between the expression of male secondary sexual traits and survival may depend more on environmental conditions experienced by the population than on the strength of sexual selection.
Describing macroecological patterns in microbes: Approaches for comparative analyses of operational taxonomic unit read number distribution with a case study of global oceanic bacteria
Authors: Nakadai Ryosuke , Okazaki Yusuke , Matsuoka Shunsuke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDescribing the variation in commonness and rarity in a community is a fundamental method of evaluating biodiversity. Such patterns have been studied in the context of species abundance distributions (SADs) among macroscopic organisms in numerous communities. Recently, models for analyzing variation in local SAD shapes along environmental gradients have been constructed. The recent development of high‐throughput sequencing enables evaluation of commonness and rarity in local communities of microbes using operational taxonomic unit (OTU) read number distributions (ORDs), which are conceptually similar to SADs. However, few studies have explored the variation in local microbial ORD shapes along environmental gradients. Therefore, the similarities and differences between SADs and ORDs are unclear, clouding any universal rules of global biodiversity patterns. We investigated the similarities and differences in ORD shapes versus SADs, and how well environmental variables explain the variation in ORDs along latitudinal and depth gradients. Herein, we integrate ORDs into recent comparative analysis methods for SAD shape using datasets generated on the Tara Oceans expedition. About 56% of the variance in skewness of ORDs among global oceanic bacterial communities was explained with this method. Moreover, we confirmed that the parameter combination constraints of Weibull distributions were shared by ORDs of bacterial communities and SADs of tree communities, suggesting common long‐term limitation processes such as adaptation and community persistence acting on current abundance variation. On the other hand, skewness was significantly greater for bacterial communities than tree communities, and many ecological predictions did not apply to bacterial communities, suggesting differences in the community assembly rules for microbes and macroscopic organisms. Approaches based on ORDs provide opportunities to quantify macroecological patterns of microbes under the same framework as macroscopic organisms.