bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and disease burden of prostate cancer from 1990 to 2017: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Authors: Zhai Zhen , Zheng Yi , Li Na , Deng Yujiao , Zhou Linghui , Tian Tian , Yang Si , Hao Qian , Song Dingli , Wu Ying , Zhang Dai , Wang Ziming , Dai Zhijun 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe patterns of the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer (PC) have been changing over the years. In addition, the unclear etiology of PC necessitates further studies into the geographic distribution and age composition of patients with PC. This study was aimed at examining the patterns of the epidemiology of PC to help policymakers to allocate the limited resources of the health care system accordingly.MethodsAnnual case data and age‐standardized rates (ASRs) were obtained for the incidence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) of PC according to age from 1990 to 2017 and for 21 regions, including 195 countries and territories. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of ASRs were calculated to evaluate the incidence and mortality trends of PC.ResultsWorldwide, the age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of PC increased from 30.5 cases per 100,000 population in 1990 to 37.9 cases per 100,000 population in 2017 with an EAPC of 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49‐0.7), whereas the mortality decreased with an EAPC of −0.73 (95% CI, −0.80 to −0.67). The ASIR was positively associated with the sociodemographic index (SDI) in most regions, and the increase in the ASIR was steeper with a higher SDI. The proportion of patients younger than 65 years increased from 23.6% in 1990 to 27.3% in 2017.ConclusionsThe incidence of PC has been increasing globally, whereas its mortality and DALYs have been decreasing. These trends are particularly significant in developed regions and vary across geographic regions. Adjustments to the medical strategy by governments and medical institutions are required.
Collaborative dialogue between Buddhism and science: A contribution to expanding a science of consciousness
Authors: Presti David E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInvestigation of consciousness (experience, mind, awareness, subjectivity) has become an accepted endeavor in contemporary neuroscience. However, current work is largely limited to study of neural correlates of consciousness. While this is interesting and important, it may not be sufficient to carry us to a place of truly new insight regarding consciousness. I argue that one element of expanding a science of consciousness is appreciation of the interdependent co‐creation or enfolding of mind and world. Addressing this interdependence is an aspect of the collaborative engagement of the traditions of Buddhism and science—a project that is exploring how complementary worldviews and analytic procedures might further the development of an expanded science of mind. In this essay, written for a collection honoring the life and work of Jack Pettigrew, I describe his connection to this project.
MaTRU‐KE revisited: CCA2‐secure key establishment protocol based on MaTRU
Authors: Akleylek Sedat , Çevi̇k Nurşah 
Published: February 2020

SummaryQuantum attack–resistant cryptosystems are required for secure communication since there is a big demand to have quantum computers. Lattice‐based cryptography is one of the quantum‐secure families due to its key/ciphertext sizes and performance. NTRU‐based cryptosystems, a member of lattice‐based cryptosystems, have received much more attention. MaTRU, a noncommutative version of NTRU with some matrix properties, is used to obtain a key exchange protocol in 2018. In this paper, we focus on MaTRU‐based key exchange protocols having CCA2 properties. We propose CCA2‐secure versions of MaTRU‐KE and then provide a security analysis of CCA2‐secure key establishment protocols. We also provide a comparison with the previous ones.
Traffic grooming and clique partitioning‐based spectrum assignment in elastic optical networks
Authors: Datta Choudhury Panchali , Agarwal Neha , De Tanmay 
Published: February 2020

SummaryWe adopt a fragmentation reducing policy for spectrum assignment and incorporate it with multicast traffic grooming in EON. To reduce fragmentation, the spectrum is partitioned based on the clique partitioning approach and spectral slots are assigned to traffic demands depending on which partition they belong. Simulation results predict that the proposed approach has better spectrum slot utilization compared to the state‐of‐the‐art non‐partitioning approach and the proposed approach reduces fragmentation, and also has less blocking ratio compared to the state‐of‐the‐art partitioning approach.
Modifications of the rain forest frugivore community are associated with reduced seed removal at the community level
Authors: Boissier Olivier , Feer François , Henry Pierre‐Yves , Forget Pierre‐Michel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTropical rain forests worldwide are under increasing pressure from human activities, which are altering key ecosystem processes such as plant–animal interactions. However, while the direct impact of anthropogenic disturbance on animal communities has been well studied, the consequences of such defaunation for mutualistic interactions such as seed dispersal remains chiefly understood at the plant species level. We asked whether communities of endozoochorous tree species had altered seed removal in forests affected by hunting and logging and if this could be related to modifications of the frugivore community. At two contrasting forest sites in French Guiana, Nouragues (protected) and Montagne de Kaw (hunted and partly logged), we focused on four families of animal‐dispersed trees (Sapotaceae, Myristicaceae, Burseraceae, and Fabaceae), which represent 88% of all endozoochorous trees that were fruiting at the time and location of the study. We assessed the abundance of the seed dispersers and predators of these four focal families by conducting diurnal distance sampling along line transects. Densities of several key seed dispersers such as large‐bodied primates were greatly reduced at Montagne de Kaw, where the specialist frugivoreAteles paniscusis probably extinct. In parallel, we estimated seed removal rates from fruit and seed counts conducted in 1‐m2quadrats placed on the ground beneath fruiting trees. Seed removal rates dropped from 77% at Nouragues to 47 % at Montagne de Kaw, confirming that the loss of frugivores associated with human disturbance impacts seed removal at the community level. In contrast to Sapotaceae, whose seeds are dispersed by mammals only, weaker declines in seed removal for Burseraceae and Myristicaceae suggest that some compensation may occur for these bird‐ and mammal‐dispersed families, possibly because of the high abundance of Toucans at the disturbed site. The defaunation process currently occurring across many tropical forests could dramatically reduce the diversity of entire communities of animal‐dispersed trees through seed removal limitation.
Changes in levels of enzymes and osmotic adjustment compounds in key species and their relevance to vegetation succession in abandoned croplands of a semiarid sandy region
Authors: Yang Liu , Lai Liming , Zhou Jihua , Li Qiaoyan , Yi Sangui , Sun Qinglin , Zheng Yuanrun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReclamation of cropland from grassland is regarded as a main reason for grassland degradation; understanding succession from abandoned cropland to grassland is thus crucial for vegetation restoration in arid and semiarid areas. Soil becomes dry when cropland is reverted to grassland, and enzyme and osmotic adjustment compounds may help plants to adapt to a drying environment. Croplands that were abandoned in various years on the Ordos Plateau in China, were selected for the analysis of the dynamics of enzymes and osmotic adjustment compounds in plant species during vegetation succession. With increasing number of years since abandonment, levels of superoxide dismutase increased in Stipa bungeana, first decreased and then increased in Lespedeza davurica and Artemisia frigida, and fluctuated in Heteropappus altaicus. Levels of peroxidase and catalase in the four species fluctuated; levels of proline, soluble sugar, and soluble protein either decreased or first increased and then generally decreased. According to a drought resistance index, the drought resistance of the four species was ranked in descending order as follows: S. bungeana > A. frigida > H. altaicus > L. davurica. The drought resistance ability of the different species was closely linked with vegetation succession from communities dominated by annual and biennial species (with main accompanying species of L. davurica and H. altaicus) to communities dominated by perennial species (S. bungeana and A. frigida) when soil became dry owing to increasing evapotranspiration after cropland abandonment. The restoration of S. bungeana steppe after cropland abandonment on the Ordos Plateau is recommended both as high‐quality forage and for environmental sustainability.
Estimation of multiphase currents using DC bus current and switching state
Authors: Kawai Yuu , Okuda Tatsuya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe voltage of solar cell strings can be controlled in residential photovoltaic systems using a multiphase convertor. However, multiphase convertors require a few current sensors. The authors examined how to reduce the current sensor for each phase of a multiphase convertor. This paper presents the analysis of a multiphase convertor based on DC bus current, phase currents, and switching state, and it proposes an estimation method for multiphase currents. The estimation method can be implemented with constant sampling frequency. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of the estimation method of multiphase currents for current‐controlled three‐phase convertor.
An unstructured finite element model for incompressible two‐phase flow based on a monolithic conservative level set method
Authors: Quezada de Luna Manuel , Haydel Collins J. , Kees Christopher E. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryWe present a robust numerical method for solving incompressible, immiscible two‐phase flows. The method extends both a monolithic phase conservative level set method with embedded redistancing and a semi‐implicit high‐order projection scheme for variable‐density flows. The level set method can be initialized conveniently via a simple phase indicator field instead of a signed distance function (SDF). To process the indicator field into a SDF, we propose a new partial differential equation‐based redistancing method. We also improve the monolithic level set scheme to provide more accuracy and robustness in full two‐phase flow simulations. Specifically, we perform an extra step to ensure convergence to the signed distance level set function and simplify other aspects of the original scheme. Lastly, we introduce consistent artificial viscosity to stabilize the momentum equations in the context of the projection scheme. This stabilization is algebraic, has no tunable parameters and is suitable for unstructured meshes and arbitrary refinement levels. The overall methodology includes few numerical tuning parameters; however, for the wide range of problems that we solve, we identify only one parameter that strongly affects performance of the computational model and provide a value that provides accurate results across all the benchmarks presented. This methodology results in a robust, accurate, and efficient two‐phase flow model, which is mass‐ and volume‐conserving on unstructured meshes and has low user input requirements, making it attractive for real‐world applications.
H‐NS, IHF, and DnaA lead to changes in nucleoid organizations, replication initiation, and cell division
Authors: Huang Tingting , Yuan Hong , Fan Lifei , Morigen Morigen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHistone‐like nucleoid‐structuring protein (H‐NS) and integration host factor (IHF) are major nucleoid‐associated proteins, and DnaA, a replication initiator, may also be related with nucleoid compaction. It has been shown that protein‐dependent DNA compaction is related with many aspects of bacterial physiology, including transcription, DNA replication, and site‐speciﬁc recombination. However, the mechanism of bacterial physiology resulting from nucleoid compaction remains unknown. Here, we show that H‐NS is important for correct nucleoid compaction in a medium‐independent manner. H‐NS‐mediated nucleoid compaction is not required for correct cell division, but the latter is dependent on H‐NS in rich medium. Further, it is found that the IHFα‐mediated nucleoid compaction is needed for correct cell division, and the effect is dependent on medium. Also, we show that the effects of H‐NS and IHF on nucleoid compaction are cumulative. Interestingly, DnaA also plays an important role in nucleoid compaction, and the effect of DnaA on nucleoid compaction appears to be related to cell division in a medium‐dependent manner. The results presented here suggest that scrambled initiation of replication, improper cell division, and slow growth is likely associated with disturbances in nucleoid organization directly or indirectly.
Sonographic measurements of normal C5‐C8 nerve roots in children
Authors: Wang Wenying , Wang Qiao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to use ultrasound to measure the cervical nerve roots in normal children to determine normal reference values.MethodsA total of 441 children of different ages at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were examined by ultrasound. The diameter, circumference, and cross‐sectional area of the nerve roots were measured.ResultsUltrasonographic measurements were consistent with the ranking C5 < C6 < C7. The C8 nerve root was thicker than C7 in 60% of the participants. The nerve root measurements increased with increasing age, height, weight, and body surface area.DiscussionNormal reference ranges of the cervical nerve roots in children of different ages were established, and can serve as the basis for measurement in future studies.
An embedded boundary approach for resolving the contribution of cable subsystems to fully coupled fluid‐structure interaction
Authors: Huang Daniel Z. , Avery Philip , Farhat Charbel 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARYCable subsystems characterized by long, slender, and flexible structural elements are featured in numerous engineering systems. In each of them, interaction between an individual cable and the surrounding fluid is inevitable. Such a fluid‐structure interaction has received little attention in the literature, possibly due to the inherent complexity associated with fluid and structural semidiscretizations of disparate spatial dimensions. This article proposes an embedded boundary approach for filling this gap, where the dynamics of the cable are captured by a standard finite element representation of its centerline, while its geometry is represented by a discrete surface ∑h that is embedded in the fluid mesh. The proposed approach is built on master‐slave kinematics between and ∑h, a simple algorithm for computing the motion/deformation of ∑h based on the dynamic state of , and an energy‐conserving method for transferring to the loads computed on ∑h. Its effectiveness is demonstrated for two highly nonlinear applications featuring large deformations and/or motions of a cable subsystem and turbulent flows: an aerial refueling model problem, and a challenging supersonic parachute inflation problem. The proposed approach is verified using numerical data and validated using real flight
data.
Assessing the potential for soybean yield improvement through plant architectural modification
Authors: Stichter Erin Christine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSoybean yield potential can be increased by increasing the number of pods per plant, which can be achieved by increasing the number of nodes per plant while decreasing internode length to prevent lodging due to excessive height. In an effort to discover the genetic variability for this trait, a genome wide association study (GWAS) was performed on 451 diverse lines from the USDA core collection for height, internode length, and the number of nodes. The QTL signifying Dt1 was found correlating to height and quantity of nodes, but no significant QTL for internode spacing were uncovered. From our evaluation, this suggests that genomic selection for variation plant height is feasible; however, no specific genetic trait was detected to select for internode spacing.
Effect of colony‐stimulating factor‐1 receptor overexpression on the growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts in nude mice and its mechanism of action
Authors: Chen Zenan , Hao Yanrong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesAlthough nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is sensitive to radiotherapy, local recurrence and distant metastasis still occur in a proportion of patients due to radioresistance. Our previous research confirmed that colony‐stimulating factor‐1 receptor (CSF‐1R) promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of 6‐10B cells through the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) pathway in vitro. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of colony‐stimulating factor‐1 receptor (CSF‐1R) on proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy in the human nasopharyngeal carcinoma 6‐10B cell line in vivo, and the possible underlying mechanisms.MethodsA virus carrying the CSF‐1R gene was transfected into 6‐10B cells by lentiviral transfection. A nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenograft model in nude mice was established. Ultimately, the protein expression of proliferation‐, apoptosis‐, autophagy‐, and signaling‐related proteins, such as cyclin D1, B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2), Bcl‐2‐associated X protein, beclin 1, microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha, sequestosome 1, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase, PI3K, and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), in tumor tissues were detected by western blot analysis.ResultsHigh levels of CSF‐1R were expressed in the stably transfected 6‐10B cells, while CSF‐1R promoted the growth of 6‐10B cells in vivo. Cyclin D1, Bcl‐2, microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha, and beclin 1 were upregulated, while Bcl‐2‐associated X protein and sequestosome 1 were downregulated. Furthermore, the expression of PI3K, phospho‐Akt, Akt, and mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase were upregulated.ConclusionsCSF‐1R overexpression promotes proliferation, reduces apoptosis, and induces autophagy in 6‐10B cells in vivo, and the corresponding mechanism might be executed through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
On‐line monitoring of extreme values of geometric profiles in finite horizon processes
Authors: Celano Giovanni , Castagliola Philippe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe investigate the challenges to be faced by quality practitioners to implement a control chart for individuals aimed at monitoring the stability of maximum/minimum realizations of profile quality features. We consider the situation where only a limited amount of inspections can be scheduled, which is typical of the most recent manufacturing applications for the production of small lots of customized products or processes characterized by frequent changeovers. A quantitative study on simulated profiles described by functional data modelled as random Gaussian fields is provided. Finally, we discuss how the proposed control chart can be implemented in a canning process.
Application of statistical response surface methodology for optimization of fluoride removal efficiency by Padina sp. alga
Authors: Mohamed Walaa ٍSalah El-Din , Hamad Mohammed Taha Moustafa Hussien , Kamel Mahmoud Zaky 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHuman exposure to fluoride in drink water at a level above 1.5 mg/L causes a lot of health problems. The present study was carried out to assess the fluoride biosorption capability of Padina sp. alga as biosorbent material using conventional one‐factor‐at‐a‐time (OFAT) and Box‐Behnken design to optimize the process. By OFAT, fluoride uptake was significantly affected by pH, time, fluoride concentration, and biosorbent dose (p‐value < 0.05) and the highest fluoride biosorption (85.95%) was recorded at pH 7, time 60 min, fluoride concentration 2 g/L, and an adsorbent dose 30 g/L. Based on the Box‐Behnken design, the quadratic model was developed to correlate the variables to the response. By Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the model was statistically significant (p‐value < 0.05). It was suggested that optimal values of pH, time, fluoride concentration, and biosorbent dose were 5, 90 min, 3 mg/L, and 30 g/L, respectively, and fluoride removal at these optimum conditions was 94.57%. For application, Padina sp. was removed from 67.79% to 78.78% of fluoride in collected groundwater samples. It was concluded that the Padina sp. could be used as eco‐friendly biosorbent for fluoride and response surface methodology was more applicable and effective in optimization to obtain the highest removal efficiency of fluoride by Padina sp.Practitioner points

The fluoride biosorption was studied using Padina sp. alga as an eco‐friendly biosorbent.

By one‐factor‐at‐a‐time (OFAT), the highest fluoride biosorption rate was 85.95%.

Response surface methodology was suggested that maximum Fluoride removal at optimum condition was 94.57%.

Statistical response surface methodology was more applicable, effective in optimization and considered the interaction between factors.
Validity, reliability, acceptability, and utility of the Social Inclusion Questionnaire User Experience (SInQUE): a clinical tool to facilitate social inclusion amongst people with severe mental health problems
Authors: Mezey Gillian , White Sarah , Harrison Isobel , Bousfield Jennifer , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Payne Sarah , Killaspy Helen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with severe mental health problems are at risk of social exclusion, which may complicate their recovery. Mental health and social care staff have, until now, had no valid or reliable way of assessing their clients’ social inclusion. The Social Inclusion Questionnaire User Experience (SInQUE) was developed to address this. It assesses five domains: social integration; productivity; consumption; access to services; and political engagement, in the year prior to first psychiatric admission (T1) and the year prior to interview (T2) from which a total score at each time point can be calculated.AimsTo establish the validity, reliability, and acceptability of the SInQUE in individuals with a broad range of psychiatric diagnoses receiving care from community mental health services and its utility for mental health staff.MethodParticipants were 192 mental health service users with psychosis, personality disorder, or common mental disorder (e.g., depression, anxiety) who completed the SInQUE alongside other validated outcome measures. Test–retest reliability was assessed in a sub-sample of 30 participants and inter-rater reliability was assessed in 11 participants. SInQUE ratings of 28 participants were compared with those of a sibling with no experience of mental illness to account for shared socio-cultural factors. Acceptability and utility of the tool were assessed using completion rates and focus groups with staff.ResultsThe SInQUE demonstrated acceptable convergent validity. The total score and the Social Integration domain score were strongly correlated with quality of life, both in the full sample and in the three diagnostic groups. Discriminant validity and test–retest reliability were established across all domains, although the test–retest reliability on scores for the Service Access and Political Engagement domains prior to first admission to hospital (T1) was lower than other domains. Inter-rater reliability was excellent for all domains at T1 and T2.ConclusionsThe component of the SInQUE that assesses current social inclusion has good psychometric properties and can be recommended for use by mental health staff.