bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engaging children and families in pediatric Health Research: a scoping review
Authors: Flynn Rachel , Walton Sarah , Scott Shannon D. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aim
Patient engagement (PE) in pediatric health services research is challenging due to contextual factors such as busyness of parenting, work schedules, and diverse family structures. This scoping review seeks to comprehensively map current PE strategies with parents and families across existing published pediatric health research literature.

Methods
We followed Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and Levac et al., (2010) six-stage scoping review process. We conducted the search strategy in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Psychinfo databases. Data were extracted from included articles; evidence tables were developed and narrative synthesis was completed.

Results
Of 3925 retrieved records, seventeen articles were included in the review. Patient engagement primarily occurred through strategies such as advisory groups, meetings, focus groups and interviews. Strategies were used to engage patients at various levels, for different purposes (e.g., to inform, participate, consult, involve collaborate and/or lead). These strategies were also used at various stages of the research process. Navigating power differences, time and money were commonly reported challenges. Inconsistent terminology plagued (e.g., stakeholder engagement, consumer participation, patient and public involvement, participatory research) this body of literature and clarity is urgently needed.

Conclusions
This review offers insights into current PE strategies used in pediatric health services research and offers insight for researchers considering employing PE in the future.
Thermal non-line-of-sight imaging from specular and diffuse reflections
Authors: Kaga Masaki , Kushida Takahiro , Takatani Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Kenichiro , Funatomi Takuya , Mukaigawa Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a non-line-of-sight technique to estimate the position and temperature of an occluded object from a camera via reflection on a wall. Because objects with heat emit far infrared light with respect to their temperature, positions and temperatures are estimated from reflections on a wall. A key idea is that light paths from a hidden object to the camera depend on the position of the hidden object. The position of the object is recovered from the angular distribution of specular and diffuse reflection component, and the temperature of the heat source is recovered from the estimated position and the intensity of reflection. The effectiveness of our method is evaluated by conducting real-world experiments, showing that the position and the temperature of the hidden object can be recovered from the reflection destination of the wall by using a conventional thermal camera.
18F-NaF PET/CT imaging of bone formation induced by bioactive glass S53P4 after mastoid obliteration
Authors: Timmermans Adriana J. , Quak Jasper J. , Hagen Petronella J. , Colnot David R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeBioactive glass has been successfully used for surgical treatment of chronic infections in bone and bone cavities. Besides infection control, new bone formation is induced by the bioactive glass which is considered to have osteoconductive properties. Evaluation of postsurgical changes after bone graft surgery is generally performed with conventional radiographs or CT/MR imaging, but 18F-NaF PET/CT might be more suitable since it has a high and rapid bone uptake, accompanied by a fast blood clearance leading to a high bone to background ratio.CaseObliteration with S53P4 bioactive glass of the mastoid and middle ear was performed in a patient suffering from chronic otitis media. Control of the chronic otitis media was achieved, and follow-up imaging after 3 years with 18F-NaF PET/CT showed increased uptake in the obliterated cavity indicating new bone formation.Conclusion18F-NaF PET/CT is able to detect new bone formation after obliteration of the mastoid with S53P4 bioactive glass.
Update on the management of alcohol use disorders
Authors: Sinclair Julia M. A. , O'Neill Aimee 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYAlcohol use disorders (AUD) are common, particularly in patients attending mental health services. Clinicians are often hesitant to explore with patients their relationship with alcohol and the role that it has in their presenting complaint, despite being ideally placed to optimise on a ‘teachable moment’ and initiate treatment, where necessary. This article provides an overview of AUD and their identification and management options.
Worldwide Trends in Survival From Common Childhood Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Girardi Fabio , Allemani Claudia , Coleman Michel P. 
Published: November 2019

PURPOSEThe histology of brain tumors determines treatment and predicts outcome. Population-based survival reflects the effectiveness of a health care system in managing cancer. No systematic review of worldwide variation and time trends in survival from brain tumors in children is currently available.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe considered longitudinal, observational studies comprising children diagnosed with intracranial astrocytic or embryonal tumors. We searched six electronic databases from database inception to September 30, 2018, using complex search strategies. The outcome measure was 5-year survival, estimated through a time-to-event analysis. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018111981.RESULTSAmong 5,244 studies, we identified 47 eligible articles that provided 228 survival estimates. Only five studies were entirely or partially conducted in low-income or middle-income countries. Five-year survival from embryonal tumors increased from 37% in 1980 to approximately 60% in 2009. Although survival for medulloblastoma improved substantially (from 29% to 73% during 1959-2009), survival for primitive neuroectodermal tumors wavered over time (1973-2009) and between countries. Five-year survival from astrocytoma changed very little over the 27 years between 1982 and 2009 (from 78% to 89%). Interpretation of the literature was made difficult by the heterogeneity of study designs.CONCLUSIONSurvival has improved for embryonal tumors, but little change has been observed for astrocytic tumors. We found a striking gap in knowledge about survival from childhood brain tumor subtypes in middle-income and low-income countries, where half of these tumors are diagnosed. Larger studies are needed, including in under-represented countries and based on standardized data collection, to provide up-to-date survival estimates.
Maternal Testosterone Excess Contributes to Reproductive System Dysfunction of Female Offspring Mice
Authors: Zhou Yu , Zhang Anhong , Gong Min , Lu Yingfei , Zhao Chengcheng , Shen Xia , Zhang Xiaomei , Wang Lin , Chen Jianquan , Ju Rong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Hyperandrogenism is considered 1 of the most important characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome, which affects more than 10% of females of reproductive age and is a common cause of infertility. In addition to the effects on patients themselves, maternal androgen excess has also been reported to impair the growth and development of offspring. In our current study, we found that maternal testosterone (T) treatment during different gestational stages increased the percentage of atretic follicle and decreased corpus luteum formation in female offspring. In addition, decreased serum estradiol and increased T levels were also observed in female offspring of T-treated mice during late gestational stage. Further studies revealed that Forkhead box protein L2 (FOXL2) and Cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily a member 1 (CYP19A1) expression in granulosa cells of these female offspring mice were decreased. By using mouse primary granulosa cells and the KGN cell line, we demonstrated that decreasing FOXL2 and CYP19A1 levels in ovarian granulosa cells partially may contribute to disturbed sex hormone synthesis in female offspring of T-treated mice during the late gestational stage. Findings from our current study highlight a critical role of excess maternal T exposure, especially during the late gestational stage, which could further lead to aberrant ovary development and sex hormone synthesis in female offspring.
Peripheral Urbanism, Imperial Maturity, and the Crisis of Development in Lao She's Rickshaw and Mulk Raj Anand's Coolie
Authors: Vandertop Caitlin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The theory of combined and uneven development has provided a new interpretive framework for studies of the novel in recent years, opening up connections between the central premise that capitalism produces an “amalgam of archaic with more contemporary forms” and modernist experiments with narrative time. This article locates antidevelopmental narratives in the uneven culture of the peripheral metropolis, focusing on two twentieth-century urban novels: Lao She's Rickshaw (1936–37) and Mulk Raj Anand's Coolie (1936). Tracing the journeys of migrant workers engaged in informal labor in Peking (Beijing) and Bombay (Mumbai), respectively, the novels juxtapose the visual cultures of colonial modernization with everyday, arresting experiences of poverty and precarity on the city streets. In staging the untimely deaths of their rickshaw-pulling protagonists, they not only interrupt individual developmental trajectories but also challenge the progressive telos underpinning discourses of “imperial maturity” in their respective cities. Central to this challenge is the rickshaw itself, as both a symbol of uneven development and a vehicle that literally and metaphorically drags the protagonists back, bringing an abrupt end to the journey to maturity and, consequently, to the narrative arc of the bildungsroman. In this way, the novels' proto-postcolonial formal interventions are grounded in the visible unevenness of their urban settings.
The Describer's Nightmare: Touching Form in Colson Whitehead's John Henry Days
Authors: Feldman Ezra Dan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The form and formlessness of histories, regions, races, ballads, fictions, lists, characters, and mountains are among the topics of concern in Colson Whitehead's John Henry Days, and they pose a real challenge to conveying what this novel is like. Caroline Levine's Forms: Whole, Rhythm, Hierarchy, Network advocates considering forms in terms of their affordances, “the potential uses or actions latent in materials and designs” (6). This depends, however, on the reliable identification of forms in a particular text, activity, or material; and the critical response to John Henry Days gives us evidence that, while we can analyze forms the novel deploys and contains, it remains a challenge to identify the novel's form as a whole. In a different vein, Heather Love's work on description is explicitly concerned with “forms of analysis,” but not with the analysis of form per se. The present examination of John Henry Days attempts to bridge such valuable conversations about form and description. This article argues that as John Henry Days grapples with describing forms that constantly remake themselves, it takes a position akin to science and technology studies scholar Michael Lynch's theoretical agnosticism with respect to capital-O Ontology. Refusing anything like a full-blown theory of form, John Henry Days both practices and advocates provisional taxonomy—touching and moving on—as a way of knowing its ever-changing material. This article's analysis of the describer's nightmare is thus a case study for Lynch's claim that “particular descriptions—including descriptions of ontologies—can make sense, apparently even to others who do not share our grand theories.”
Association of Fish Oil and Physical Activity on Mobility Disability in Older Adults
Authors: BALACHANDRAN ANOOP , GUNDERMANN DAVID M. , WALKUP MICHAEL P. , KING ABBY C. , AMBROSIUS WALTER T. , KRITCHEVSKY STEPHEN B. , PAHOR MARCO , NEWMAN ANNE B. , MANINI TODD M. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to examine whether long-term fish oil (FO) supplementation is associated with a lower risk of mobility disability and enhances benefits of physical activity (PA).

Methods
A total of 1635 sedentary adults age 70 to 89 yr from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders single-blinded randomized, multicenter clinical trial, which compared a structured PA program to a health education program. Primary outcome was incident major mobility disability (MMD), defined by loss of ability to walk 400 m, measured every 6 months for an average of 2.6 yr. Secondary outcomes included persistent mobility disability, Short Physical Performance Battery, 400-m walk speed, and grip strength.

Results
A third of participants reported using FO at baseline (456 (28%); mean age, 78.5 yr; 70.5% women). MMD was experienced by 131 participants (28.7%) in the FO group and 405 (34.4%) participants in the nonuser group. After adjusting for confounders, FO supplementation was associated with a lower risk (HR, 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.64–0.96) of incident MMD. However, there was no interaction (P = 0.19) between FO supplementation and PA intervention for MMD. For the secondary outcome of persistent mobility disability, the intervention association differed by supplementation (P = 0.002) with PA intervention associations of (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.83–2.23) for users and (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.46–0.81) for nonusers. Changes in physical performance outcomes were not modified by baseline FO supplementation or combination with PA.

Conclusions
FO supplementation was associated with a lower risk of MMD in low to moderate functioning older adults. However, supplementation did not enhance the benefit of PA on risk of mobility disability. These results are hypothesis generating and need to be confirmed in randomized trials.
СЕМАНТИЧЕСКОЕ РЕКОНСТРУИРОВАНИЕ КАК РЕЗУЛЬТАТ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ПЕРЕОРИЕНТАЦИИ
Authors: Yurova Tatyana Alexandrovna 
Published: November 2019

Интерес исследователей к решению проблем, связанных с лингвокультурным доминированием, в результате которого модифицируется семантика заимствованных единиц, предопределен желанием добраться до сути явления культуры, существующего в тесной связи с языком, как особой конфигурации бытия человека на земле. Язык при подобном раскладе может выступать в роли инструмента, помогающего истолковать суть культуры, мировоззрения и мироощущения этноса.Цель. Данная статья посвящена анализу семантической деформации неологизмов-заимствований, обусловленной лингвокультурным доминированием.Метод и методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют метод частичной выборки из текстов электронных версий российских газет, описательный метод лингвистического анализа, метод интерактивного опроса.Результаты. Результаты анализа показали, что существует ряд лексических инноваций, которые могут быть отнесены к актуализированной лексике, т.е. словам ранее употреблявшимся, но вернувшимся в языковую сферу применения в другом значении. В качестве причин появления обновленной семантики неологизмов – заимствований могут быть названы: лингвокультурная переориентация, давление; сила культурного доминирования; лингвокультурная эволюция этнического сознания.Область применения. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в теоретических курсах по лексикологии английского языка и лингвокультурологии, а также в спецкурсах по дискурсу современных СМИ.
A service evaluation of specialist nurse telephone follow-up of bowel cancer patients after surgery
Authors: Mole Guy , Murali Mayur , Carter Sarah , Gore David , Broadhurst Jack , Moore Tim , Vickers Philip , Miles Andrew 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: the NHS Long Term Plan has called for a reduction in the number of outpatient appointments to reduce pressure on hospital services and increase ease of access for patients. This article presents a service evaluation of an innovative, nurse-led telephone follow-up service for a group of elective bowel cancer patients following surgery. Methods: the records of patients who underwent surgery over a 2-year period were accessed to determine the number of telephone follow-ups and other investigations. This was used to model the potential cost saving for commissioners against traditional clinic follow-up. Patient satisfaction was assessed by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer questionnaire on Outpatient Satisfaction in 30 patients. Results: feedback on the service was overwhelmingly positive, with patients praising the care received from the specialist nurses, but also commenting on increased continuity of care, ease of access and convenience. The service also potentially creates significant savings for commissioners as the agreed tariff for nurse telephone follow-up is significantly less than the outpatient tariff. Discussion: this innovative follow-up system is well liked by patients and should provide savings for commissioners. The hospital also benefits from an increase in capacity to see new or more unwell patients, and a reduction in carbon emissions. Such a service, however, is dependent on people, and although it has functioned effectively in this department for approximately 20 years, it would only be generalisable to other units if staff had appropriate expertise.
Efficacy of neuromuscular electric stimulation versus aerobic exercise on uraemic restless legs syndrome
Authors: Youssef Manal K 
Published: November 2019

Background The prevalence of restless legs syndrome in haemodialysis patients is approximately ~30%, and it is significantly higher than in the general population. Restless legs syndrome is a sensory-motor disorder with negative effects on sleep and daytime activities that affect personal, family and occupational life. The overall impact of restless legs syndrome on quality of life is comparable to that of chronic and frustrating conditions such as depression and diabetes. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of neuromuscular electric stimulation with aerobic exercise on cases of uraemic restless legs syndrome. Methods A total of 60 chronic renal failure patients with uraemic restless legs syndrome aged 20 to 65 years participated in this study. Participants were allocated to receive neuromuscular electric stimulation or aerobic exercises. All participants were evaluated before the first session of treatment and after 3 months, at the end of the treatment. Normal and fast walk gait speed tests and the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test and 60 second Sit-to-Stand Test were used to assess participants' physical status. The Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale was used to determine the level of restless legs syndrome severity. Results Neuromuscular electric stimulation resulted in significant improvements in all measures of physical performance and in Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale score when compared to baseline. Aerobic exercise produced significant improvements in all tests. At the end of the study, aerobic exercise had greater responses than neuromuscular electric stimulation in all parameters measured except the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test. Conclusions Neuromuscular electrical stimulation may be used as an alternative to aerobic exercise to improve physical performance in cases of less severe restless legs syndrome in those unable or unwilling to participate in physical training.
Attraktivität hat ihren Preis: hohe reale Wohnkosten, weites Pendeln oder lange Warteschlangen
Authors: Wrede Matthias 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Höhere Mieten bzw. Immobilienpreise und/oder niedrige Löhne werden auf funktionierenden Märkten die höhere natürliche Standortattraktivität einer Region bzw. ein attraktiveres Angebot öffentlicher Güter ausgleichen, wenn die Menschen Wohn- und Arbeitsort frei wählen können. Wenn Lohn- und Mietenunterschiede zwischen lokalen Wohnungs- und Arbeitsmärkten durch staatliche Preisregulierung verhindert bzw. reduziert werden, dann führt das in einigen Regionen zu Nachfrage- und in anderen Regionen zu Angebotsüberschüssen. Wanderungsbewegungen, die Versorgungsengpässe verstärken können, werden ausgelöst. Auf Märkten mit Friktionen allerdings haben neben Preisen auch Mengen eine kompensatorische Funktion. Längere Suchzeiten auf lokalen Wohnungs- und Arbeitsmärkten wirken ebenfalls den Anziehungskräften attraktiver Standorte entgegen. Dieser Aufsatz stellt die grundlegenden Mechanismen dar und erläutert diese anhand stilisierter Fakten.
Zehn Jahre nach dem großen Knall: wie ist es um die Stabilität der internationalen Immobilienmärkte bestellt?
Authors: Kholodilin Konstantin A. , Michelsen Claus 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungZehn Jahre nach der weltweiten Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise, die ihren Ursprung auf dem US-amerikanischen Immobilienmarkt hatte, steigen angesichts weltweit zunehmender Preise für Wohneigentum die Sorgen vor neuen Immobilienpreisblasen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt auf Basis von OECD-Daten für 20 Länder, dass die Sorge nicht unberechtigt ist: In acht Ländern deutet die Immobilienpreisentwicklung auf ein spekulatives Anlageverhalten von Investor hin. Vor allem die nach wie vor hohe Verschuldung der privaten Haushalte und das allgemein sehr niedrige Zinsniveau sprechen vielerorts für eine neue Blase. Anzeichen für spekulative Überbewertungen gibt es auch in Deutschland, allerdings in erster Linie in den großen Metropolen. Die volkswirtschaftlichen Risiken sind nicht zuletzt wegen der deutlich niedrigeren Verschuldung der Privathaushalte hierzulande überschaubar. Handlungsbedarf besteht dennoch: Zwar ist es mittlerweile möglich, die Kreditvergabe mit makroprudenziellen Instrumenten einzuschränken. Allerdings ist das Instrumentarium unvollständig, denn es fehlt an klaren Regeln, wann eine gesamtwirtschaftlich kritische Entwicklung zu einem regulierenden Eingriff führt.
Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Diet and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in US Men and Women
Authors: Luo Xiao , Sui Jing , Yang Wanshui , Sun Qi , Ma Yanan , Simon Tracey G. , Liang Geyu , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Chan Andrew T. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Zhang Xuehong 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Adherence to a healthy diet has been associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may have overlapping mechanisms with T2D, such as inflammation and insulin resistance. Thus, we examined the association between a previously developed T2D prevention dietary pattern and HCC risk.

METHODS:
We followed 87,943 women in the Nurses' Health Study and 49,665 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study for up to 32 years. The dietary diabetes risk reduction score, which includes dietary glycemic index, cereal fiber, ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fats, trans fat, sugar-sweetened beverages, nuts, coffee, and red and processed meats, was obtained using validated food frequency questionnaires and updated every 4 years. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate multivariable hazard ratios and confidence intervals (95% CIs).

RESULTS:
During over 1.9 million person-years, a total of 160 incident HCC cases were identified. The dietary diabetes risk reduction score was associated with a lower risk of HCC (top vs bottom quartile; hazard ratio: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34–0.95; P
trend = 0.03). All the individual food and beverage items were associated with the risk of HCC in the expected direction, although the association was weaker than the overall dietary pattern.

DISCUSSION:
Greater adherence to the T2D prevention diet was associated with a lower risk of developing HCC among US men and women. Further studies are needed to confirm and extend our findings.