bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinder als Akteur_innen inklusiver Bildung
Authors: Richter Martina , Sufryd Katharina 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungEs scheint nahezu unstrittig, dass Kinder von den politischen Bemühungen um inklusive Bildung in besonderer Weise profitieren. Unterschiedliche Entwicklungen sowohl auf rechtlicher als auch auf einer breiteren, fachwissenschaftlichen Ebene verweisen darauf, dass sich im Zuge inklusiver Bildung eine Anerkennung der gesellschaftlichen Position von Kindern als Akteur_innen weiterführend zu etablieren scheint. Diese Anerkennung bedeutet jedoch keineswegs eine grundsätzliche Infragestellung der gesellschaftlichen Verteilung von Macht und Ressourcen zugunsten von Kindern.
Effect of 90° elbows on pump inlet flow conditions
Authors: Ferreira Ronaldo Novaes , da Rosa Leonardo Machado , Janzen Johannes Gérson 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe use of 90° elbows upstream of a pump inlet can distort the approach flow resulting in spatial and temporal velocity variations and swirling flow that negatively affect pump performance and increase maintenance requirements. In order to attend these flow conditions, pumps have to be installed according to generally accepted standards such as ANSI/HI 9.8. (American national standard for rotodynamic pumps for pump intake design, Hydraulic Institute, Parsippany, 2012). However, in these standards, there is little information about the minimum distance between single and double 90° elbows and a pump. Therefore, this paper presents results for the pipe flow downstream of 90° elbows and its attendance to the standards at the inlet of pumps using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Prior to its application, the CFD model was validated by comparing the computed velocity profiles with experimental results downstream of a 90° elbow. It is found that it is necessary 3 to 16 pipe diameters from the elbow in order to reduce the swirling flow. The velocity distribution at a cross section was never uniform up to 50 pipe diameters downstream of the elbows. The temporal velocity fluctuation was always low. It is concluded that the specifications of downstream pipe lengths in the current inlet pipe flow standards are not sufficient to achieve the desired flow at the pump inlet.
Spectrally accurate approximate solutions and convergence analysis of fractional Burgers’ equation
Authors: Mittal A. K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a new numerical technique implements on the time-space pseudospectral method to approximate the numerical solutions of nonlinear time- and space-fractional coupled Burgers’ equation. This technique is based on orthogonal Chebyshev polynomial function and discretizes using Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobbato (CGL) points. Caputo–Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative formula is used to illustrate the fractional derivatives matrix at CGL points. Using the derivatives matrices, the given problem is reduced to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. These equations can be solved using Newton–Raphson method. Two model examples of time- and space-fractional coupled Burgers’ equation are tested for a set of fractional space and time derivative order. The figures and tables show the significant features, effectiveness, and good accuracy of the proposed method.
Quality of Information in YouTube Videos on Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Fode Mikkel , Nolsøe Alexander B. , Jacobsen Frederik M. , Russo Giorgio Ivan , Østergren Peter B. , Jensen Christian Fuglesang S. , Albersen Maarten , Capogrosso Paolo , Sønksen Jens 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Many patients seek information online including on social media.

Aim
To assess the quality of information regarding erectile dysfunction (ED) in YouTube videos.

Methods
We searched “erectile dysfunction” on YouTube in October 2019 and evaluated the first 100 videos in English sorted by relevance.

Main Outcome Measure
We recorded the user engagement, video producer, intended audience, and content. Videos containing medical information were evaluated using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) and the DISCERN quality criteria for consumer health information. The PEMAT evaluates the understandability and actionability of materials as a percentage. The DISCERN assesses the quality of information by a scale from 1 (serious or extensive shortcomings) to 5 (minimal shortcomings).

Results
The median number of total views was 22,450 (range 591–20,255,133) and the median number of views/month was 654 (range 9–723,398). 42 percent of the videos were posted by professional medical institutions, and 21% were posted by individual medical professionals. Most videos were aimed at the general public or patients suffering from ED. The median PEMAT understandability and actionability scores were both 100% (range 50–100% and 33–100%, respectively). The median DISCERN score was 2 (range 1-5) with 80.4% receiving a score of ≤3. Overall, 28% of the videos contained direct misinformation. DISCERN scores were higher in videos produced by medical institutions (P = .0104), not selling specific products (P = .007) and not promoting alternative medicine (P = .0002). The number of subscribers was an independent predictor of views/month (P &lt; .0001).

Conclusion
Patients may be exposed to videos of poor quality when searching for information about ED on YouTube. The medical community needs to adapt a strategy to improve the quality of online medical information.
Fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults presenting to the emergency department for minor injuries: Impact on return to the ED and future falls
Authors: Lanoue Marie-Pier , Sirois Marie-Josée , Perry Jeffrey J. , Lee Jacques , Daoust Raoul , Worster Andrew , Hegg Sandrine , Carmichael Pierre-Hugues , Brousseau-Turcotte Audrey-Anne , Émond Marcel 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives1) To characterize mild, moderate, and severe fear of falling in older emergency department (ED) patients for minor injuries, and 2) to assess whether fear of falling could predict falls and returns to the ED within 6 months of the initial ED visit.MethodsThis study was part of the Canadian Emergency and Trauma Initiative (CETI) prospective cohort (2011–2016). Patients ages ≥ 65, who were independent in their basic daily activities and who were discharged from the ED after consulting for a minor injury, were included. Fear of falling was measured by the Short Falls Efficacy Scale International (SFES-I) in order to stratify fear of falling as mild (SFES-I = 7-8/28), moderate (SFES-I = 9-13/28), or severe (SFES-I = 14-28/28). Many other physical and psychological characteristics where collected. Research assistants conducted follow-up phone interviews at 3 and 6 months’ post-ED visit, in which patients were asked to report returns to the ED.ResultsA total of 2,899 patients were enrolled and 2,009 had complete data at 6 months. Patients with moderate to severe fear of falling were more likely to be of ages ≥ 75, female, frailer with multiple comorbidities, and decreased mobility. Higher baseline fear of falling increased the risk of falling at 3 and 6 months (odds ratio [OR]-moderate-fear of falling: 1.63, p < 0.05, OR-severe-fear of falling 2.37, p < 0.05). Fear of falling positive predictive values for return to the ED or future falls were 7.7% to 17%.ConclusionAlthough a high fear of falling is associated with increased risk of falling within 6 months of a minor injury in older patients, fear of falling considered alone was not shown to be a strong predictor of return to the ED and future falls.
Prediction of the Rehabilitation Duration and Risk Management for Mild-Moderate COVID-19
Authors: Zheng Qiong-Na , Xu Mei-Yan , Zheng Yong-Le , Wang Xiu-Ying , Zhao Hui 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:More than 80% of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases are mild or moderate. In this study, a risk model was developed for predicting rehabilitation duration (the time from hospital admission to discharge) of the mild-moderate COVID-19 cases and was used to conduct refined risk management for different risk populations.Methods:A total of 90 consecutive patients with mild-moderate COVID-19 were enrolled. Large-scale datasets were extracted from clinical practices. Through the multivariable linear regression analysis, the model was based on significant risk factors and was developed for predicting the rehabilitation duration of mild-moderate cases of COVID-19. To assess the local epidemic situation, risk management was conducted by weighing the risk of populations at different risk.Results:Ten risk factors from 44 high-dimensional clinical datasets were significantly correlated to rehabilitation duration (P < 0.05). Among these factors, 5 risk predictors were incorporated into a risk model. Individual rehabilitation durations were effectively calculated. Weighing the local epidemic situation, threshold probability was classified for low risk, intermediate risk, and high risk. Using this classification, risk management was based on a treatment flowchart tailored for clinical decision-making.Conclusions:The proposed novel model is a useful tool for individualized risk management of mild-moderate COVID-19 cases, and it may readily facilitate dynamic clinical decision-making for different risk populations.
Efficacy of Serology Testing in Predicting Reinfection in Patients With SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Chaturvedi Rahul , Naidu Ramana , Sheth Samir , Chakravarthy Krishnan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn many parts of the United States, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases have reached peak infection rates, prompting administrators to create protocols to resume elective cases. As elective procedures and surgeries get scheduled, ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) must implement some form of widespread testing in order to ensure the safety of both the ASC staff and the patients being seen. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently announced the approval of new serological testing for SARS-CoV-2, a test that can indicate the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies in the serum against viral particles. However, the possibility for reinfection raises questions about the utility of this new serological test, as the presence of IgG may not correspond to long-term immunity. SARS-CoV-2 has been known to form escape mutations, which may correspond to a reduction in immunoglobulin binding capacity. Patients who develop more robust immune responses with formation of memory CD8+ T-cells and helper CD4+ T-cells will be the most equipped if exposed to the virus, but, unfortunately, the serology test will not help us in distinguishing those individuals. Given the inherent disadvantages of serological testing, antibody testing alone should not be used when deciding patient care and should be combined with polymerase chain reaction testing.
Assessment of Countries’ Preparedness and Lockdown Effectiveness in Fighting COVID-19
Authors: Amer Faten , Hammoud Sahar , Farran Bashar , Boncz Imre , Endrei Dóra 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to assess the risks in confronting the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the ongoing lockdown effectiveness in each of Italy, Germany, Spain, France, and the United States using China’s lockdown model simulation, and cases forecast until the plateau phase.Methods:Quantitative and qualitative historical data analysis. Total Risk Assessment (TRA) evaluation tool was used to assess the pre-pandemic stage risks, pandemic threshold fast responsiveness, and the ongoing performance until plateau. The Infected Patient Ratio (IPR) tool was developed to measure the number of patients resulting from 1 infector during the incubation period. Both IPR and TRA were used together to forecast inflection points, plateau phases, intensive care units’ and ventilators’ breakpoints, and the Total Fatality Ratio.Results:In Italy, Spain, France, Germany, and the United States, an inflection point is predicted within the first 15 d of April, to arrive at a plateau after another 30 to 80 d. Variations in IPR drop are expected due to variations in lockdown timing by each country, the extent of adherence to it, and the number of performed tests in each.Conclusions:Both qualitative (TRA) and quantitative (IPR) tools can be used together for assessing and minimizing the pandemic risks and for more precise forecasting.
A Proposed COVID-19 Testing Algorithm
Authors: Hart Alexander , Bortolin Michelangelo , Awoniyi Oluwafunbi , Alhajjaj Fahad , Ciottone Gregory R. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to physical distancing measures in numerous countries in an attempt to control the spread. However, these measures are not without cost to the health and economies of the nations in which they are enacted. Nations are now looking for methods to remove physical distancing measures and return to full functioning. To prevent a massive second wave of infections, this must be done with a data-driven methodology. The purpose of this article is to propose an algorithm for COVID-19 testing that would allow for physical distancing to be scaled back in a stepwise manner, which limits ensuing infections and protects the capacity of the health care system.
Agent Reliabilism and Inferential Knowledge from Gettiered Belief
Authors: Olivier K. Merrick 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEpistemologists have generally accepted that competently deduced, known conclusions must issue from known premises, as the principle of Counter-Closure demands; however, some have recently challenged the notion, arguing that knowledge may be inferred from non-knowledge. In this paper, I focus on the yet unexamined topic of inferential knowledge from Gettiered belief with regard to Greco's virtue-epistemic framework, which he refers to as ‘agent reliabilism’. I argue that agent reliabilism allows for instances of Counter-Closure violation. In presenting my argument, I construct and provide an analysis of a case that challenges Counter-Closure, and defend the case against various possible objections, including some that feature in mainstream Counter-Closure literature. I contend that, if my analysis is accepted, Greco is left with two options: either he rejects Counter-Closure, or he must substantially revise his view in such a way as to preserve Counter-Closure in light of cases of inferential knowledge from Gettiered belief.
Preliminary evaluation of a novel, fully automated, Telenostic device for rapid field-diagnosis of cattle parasites
Authors: Elghryani Nagwa , Crispell Joseph , Ebrahimi Roohollah , Krivoruchko Michael , Lobaskin Vladimir , McOwan Trish , O'Connor William , Power Eamonn , Voisin Bruno , Scholz Dimitri , de Waal Theo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNew ideas for diagnostics in clinical parasitology are needed to overcome some of the difficulties experienced in the widespread adoption of detection methods for gastrointestinal parasites in livestock. Here we provide an initial evaluation of the performance of a newly developed automated device (Telenostic) to identify and quantify parasitic elements in fecal samples. This study compared the Telenostic device with the McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC for counting of strongyle eggs in a fecal sample. Three bovine fecal samples were examined, in triplicate, on each of the three fecal egg-counting devices. In addition, both manual (laboratory technician) and automated analysis (image analysis algorithm) were performed on the Telenostic device to calculate fecal egg counts (FEC). Overall, there were consistent egg counts reported across the three devices and calculation methods. The Telenostic device compared very favourably to the Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster. Only in sample C, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the egg counts obtained by Mini-FLOTAC and by the other methods. From this limited dataset it can be concluded that the Telenostic-automated test is comparable to currently used benchmark FEC methods, while improving the workflow, test turn-around time and not requiring trained laboratory personnel to operate or interpret the results.
Roman Imperialism and the Transformation of Rural Society in a Frontier Province: Diversifying the Narrative
Authors: Roymans Nico , Derks Ton , Heeren Stijn 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper studies rural populations in the Roman frontier province of Germania inferior, employing a perspective that allocates more space to the exploitative and repressive aspects of Roman rule. We draw attention to an alternative series of topics than the ones currently presented in rural archaeology. This includes attention to situations of crisis and instability, to fundamental reordering of rural populations, to issues of migration and to the interconnectivity of rural developments and imperial power structures. While these topics are usually considered as ‘historically given’, they are rarely the subject of serious archaeological research. This attempt at a more historicising approach does not mean a simple return to the traditional paradigm ofhistorische Altertumskunde. Much better equipped than our predecessors of two or three generations ago, we archaeologists of the 21st century are able to engage in a critical and creative dialogue with historical sources and models.
Rationing with time: time-cost ordeals’ burdens and distributive effects
Authors: Rose Julie L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIndividuals often face administrative hurdles in attempting to access health care, public programmes, and other legal statuses and entitlements. These ordeals are the products, directly or indirectly, of institutional and policy design choices. I argue that evaluating whether such ordeals are justifiable or desirable instruments of social policy depends on assessing, beyond their targeting effects, the process-related burdens they impose on those attempting to navigate them and these burdens’ distributive effects. I here examine specifically how ordeals that levy time costs reduce and constrain individuals’ free time, and how such time-cost ordeals may thereby create, deepen and compound disadvantages.
Hamiltonicity in random directed graphs is born resilient
Authors: Montgomery Richard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLet$\{D_M\}_{M\geq 0}$be then-vertex random directed graph process, where$D_0$is the empty directed graph onnvertices, and subsequent directed graphs in the sequence are obtained by the addition of a new directed edge uniformly at random. For each$$\varepsilon > 0$$, we show that, almost surely, any directed graph$D_M$with minimum in- and out-degree at least 1 is not only Hamiltonian (as shown by Frieze), but remains Hamiltonian when edges are removed, as long as at most$1/2-\varepsilon$of both the in- and out-edges incident to each vertex are removed. We say such a directed graph is$(1/2-\varepsilon)$-resiliently Hamiltonian. Furthermore, for each$\varepsilon > 0$, we show that, almost surely, each directed graph$D_M$in the sequence is not$(1/2+\varepsilon)$-resiliently Hamiltonian.This improves a result of Ferber, Nenadov, Noever, Peter and Škorić who showed, for each$\varepsilon > 0$, that the binomial random directed graph$D(n,p)$is almost surely$(1/2-\varepsilon)$-resiliently Hamiltonian if$p=\omega(\log^8n/n)$.
Differences in the sugar content of fast-food products across three countries
Authors: Lewis Nicole , Huang Qiushi , Merkel Patrick , Rhee Dong Keun , Sylvetsky Allison C 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective:To compare the sugar content of items at four multinational fast-food chains, across three countries.Design:Total sugar (g)/per serving was extracted from online nutrition information, and sugar/100 g serving was calculated. Foods were categorised as: breakfast sandwiches, burgers, sandwiches, desserts and condiments. Beverages were categorised as fountain, frozen or pre-packaged. Sugar (g) was compared across countries using linear mixed-effects models. Pairwise comparisons were performed with Tukey–Kramer adjustments.Setting:USA, Germany and Australia.Participants:Burger King™ (Hungry Jack’s™), Kentucky Fried Chicken™, McDonald’s™ and Subway™.Results:Differences in total sugar/100 g or ml were observed across countries for burgers (n 104), desserts (n 110), sandwiches (n 178), pre-packaged beverages (n 36) and frozen beverages (n 72). Comparing identical items across countries (e.g. BigMacTM from McDonalds in USA, Germany and Australia), burgers (n 10 available in all three countries) had lower sugar content in Australia (3·4 g/100 g) compared with the USA (4·7 g/100 g, P = 0·02) or Germany (4·6 g/100 g, P = 0·04), yet no differences were observed in other food categories. Comparing the same beverages across countries (e.g. chocolate shake from Burger King), frozen beverages (n 4 available in all three countries) had lower sugar content in Australia (14·2 g/100 ml), compared with the USA (20·3 g/100 ml, P = 0·0005) or Germany (17·8 g/100 ml, P = 0·0148), yet no differences were observed in other beverage categories.Conclusions:Heterogeneity in fast-food sugar content across countries suggests that reductions are possible and should be implemented to reduce health risks associated with excess added sugar intake.
Birmingham and Beyond
Authors: Eaves Lindon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNick Martin was a doctoral student of mine at the University of Birmingham in the mid 1970s. In this review, I discuss two of Nick’s earliest and most seminal contributions to the field of behavior genetics. First, Martin and Eaves’ (1977) extension of the model-fitting approach to multivariate data, which laid the theoretical groundwork for a generation of multivariate behavior genetic studies. Second, the Martin et al.’s (1978) manuscript on the power of the classical twin design, which showed that thousands of twin pairs would be required in order to reliably estimate components of variance, and has served as impetus for the formation of large-scale twin registries across the world. I discuss these contributions against the historical backdrop of a time when we and others were struggling with the challenge of figuring out how to incorporate gene-by-environment interaction, gene–environment correlation, mate selection and cultural transmission into more complex genetic models of human behavior.
Seismic Anisotropy and Its Impact on Imaging the Shallow Alpine Fault: An Experimental and Modeling Perspective
Authors: Adam Ludmila , Frehner Marcel , Sauer Katrina , Toy Virginia , Guerin‐Marthe Simon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe transpressional Alpine Fault in New Zealand has created a thick shear zone with associated highly anisotropic rocks. Low seismic velocity zones and high seismic reflectivity are recorded in the Alpine Fault Zone, but no study has explored the underlying physical rock parameters of the shallow crust that control these observations. Protomylonites are the volumetrically dominant lithology of the fault zone. Here we combine experimental measurements of P‐wave speeds with numerical models of elastic wave anisotropy of protomylonite samples to explore how the fault zone can be seismically imaged. Numerical models that account for the porosity‐free real samples' fabric elastic tensors from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) are calculated by MTEX and a finite element model (FEM), while microfractures are modeled with differential effective medium (DEM) theory. At effective pressures representative of the Alpine Fault brittle zone, experimental wave speeds are lower than those predicted by MTEX/FEM. A possible DEM model suggests that a combination of random and aligned microfractures with aspect ratios increasing with pressure can explain the experimental wave speeds for pressures <70 MPa. Such microporosity in the form of foliation‐ and mica basal plane‐parallel microfractures and grain boundaries is validated with synchrotron X‐ray microtomography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. Finally, by modeling anisotropy of seismic reflection coefficients with angle of incidence, we demonstrate that the high reflectivity and low‐velocity zone (LVZ) observed at the Alpine Fault can only be explained if this microporosity is accounted for throughout the brittle fault zone, even at depths of 7–10 km.