bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volatile metal emissions from volcanic degassing and lava-seawater interactions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i
Authors: Mason Emily , Wieser Penny , Liu Emma , Edmonds Marie , Ilyinskaya Evgenia , Whitty Rachel , Mather Tamsin , Elias Tamar , Nadeau Patricia , Wilkes Thomas , McGonigle Andrew , Pering Tom , Mims Forrest , Kern Christoph , Schneider David , Oppenheimer Clive 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Responses to Drought Stress Modulate the Susceptibility to Plasmopara Viticola in Grapevine
Authors: Heyman Lisa , Chrysargyris Antonios , Demeestere Kristof , Tzortzakis Nikolaos , Höfte Monica 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Climate change will increase the occurrence of plants simultaneously suffering drought and pathogen stress. Although it is well-known that drought can alter the way plants respond to pathogens, the knowledge about the effect of concurrent drought and biotic stress in grapevine is scarce. This is especially true for Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew. This research addresses how vines with different drought tolerance respond to the challenge with P. viticola, drought stress or their combination, and how one stress affects the other. An artificial inoculation was performed on two cultivars, exposed to full or deficit irrigation, in the Mediterranean climate of Cyprus. In parallel, leaf disks from these plants were inoculated in controlled conditions. Leaves were sampled at an early infection stage to determine the influence of the single and combined stresses on oxidative parameters, chlorophyll and phytohormones. Under irrigation, the local Cypriot cultivar Xynisteri was more susceptible to P. viticola than the drought-sensitive Chardonnay. Drought stress increased their susceptibility in leaves inoculated in controlled conditions. Conversely, both cultivars showed resistance against P. viticola when inoculated in planta under continued deficit irrigation. Despite their resistance, the pathogen-associated responses in auxin, antioxidant enzyme activity and proline still occurred in these drought-stressed plants. Surprisingly, abscisic acid, rather than the generally implicated jasmonic and salicylic acid, seemed to play a prominent role in this resistance. The irrigation-dependent susceptibility highlights that the changing climate and the practices used to mitigate its effects, may have a profound impact on plant pathogens.
Gravity Determines the Direction of Nerve Roots Sedimentation in the Lumbar Spinal Canal
Authors: Yang Jun , Feng Zhiyun , Hong Zhenhua , Yang Jiang , Zhou Tingjie , Yao Xin , Xu Taifeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the role of gravity in the sedimentation of lumbar spine nerve roots using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of various body position. Methods: A total of 56 patients suffered from back pain and underwent conventional supine lumbar spine MR imaging were selected from sanmen hospital database. All the patients were called back to our hospital to perform MR imaging in prone position or lateral position. Furthermore, the sedimentation sign (SedSign) was determined based on the suspension of the nerve roots in the dural sac on cross-sectional MR images, and 31 cases were rated as positive and another 25 cases were negative. Results: The mean age of negative SedSign group was significantly younger than that of positive SedSign group (51.7±8.7 vs 68.4±10.5, P<0.05). The constitutions of clinical diagnosis were significantly different between patients with a positive SedSign and those with a negative SedSign (P<0.001). Overall, nerve roots of the vast majority of patients (48/56, 85.7%) subsided to the ventral side of the dural sac on the prone MR images, although that of 8 (14.3%) patients remain stay in the dorsal side of dural sac. Nerve roots of only one patient with negative SedSign did not settle to the ventral dural sac, while this phenomenon occurred in 7 patients in positive SedSign group (4% vs 22.6%, P<0.001). In addition, the nerve roots of all the five patients subsided to the left side of dural sac on lateral position MR images. Conclusions: The nerve roots sedimentation followed the direction of gravity. Positive SedSign, floating of nerve roots in the canal, may be a MR sign of lumbar pathology involved the spinal canal.
An Innovative Approach for the Assessment and Monitoring of Land Degradation and Desertification in Semi-Arid Regions Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
Authors: B Pradeep Kumar , K Raghu Babu , M Rajasekhar , G Sakram , M Ramachandra 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Land degradation (LD) and desertification is a serious ecological, environmental, and social-economic threat in the world, and there is a demanding need to develop accountable and reproducible techniques to assess it at different scales. In this study to assess LD and desertification with the help of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) in the study region for the period of past 29 years i.e., from 1990 to 2019. The severity of LD and desertification was assessed quantitatively by collecting twelve soil samples in the study region, and analyzing the eleven soil Physico-chemical parameters and these values have made correlated with Digital Number (DN) values with LANDSAT 8 satellite image. The land cover analysis of LANDSAT imagery revealed that the water body slightly increased from 0.29% in 1990 to 0.46% in 2019, and built-up-land increased from 2.87% in 1990 to 5.31% in 2019. Vegetation is decreased from 52.03% in 1990 to 28.57%. Fallow land, degraded land, and desertified lands are increased at alarming rates, respectively 13.71% to 26.35, 18.57% to 22.31%, and 12.53% to 17.00%. It is also established that the multi-temporal analysis of change detection data can provide a sophisticated measure of ecosystem health and variation, and that, over the last 29 years, considerable progress has been made in the respective research.
Targeting therapy-resistant lung cancer stem cells via disruption of the AKT/TSPYL5/PTEN positive-feedback loop
Authors: Kim In-Gyu , Lee Jei-Ha , Kim Seo-Yeon , Heo Chang-Kyu , Kim Rae-Kwon , Cho Eun-Wie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are regarded as essential targets to overcome tumor progression and therapeutic resistance; however, practical targeting approaches are limited. Here, we identify testis-specific Y-like protein 5 (TSPYL5) as a CSC-associated factor that promotes stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in therapy-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Aberrantly activated PI3K/AKT pathway in therapy-resistant NSCLC cells promotes TSPYL5 phosphorylation at threonine-120 (pT120), which inhibits ubiquitination and stabilizes TSPYL5. TSPYL5 pT120 also supports SUMOylation, which leads to its nuclear translocation and functions as a transcriptional repressor of PTEN. Nuclear TSPYL5 also activates the transcription of CSC-associated genes, ALDH1 and CD44. Collectively, TSPYL5 pT120 maintains persistent CSC-like characteristics via transcriptional activation of CSC-associated genes and via a positive-feedback loop between the AKT/TSPYL5/PTEN and PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. However, inhibition of TSPYL5 pT120 can block aberrant AKT/TSPYL5/PTEN cyclic signaling and cancer stemness. Our study suggests TSPYL5 as a novel target for cancer therapy.
Mainz Foot-school: a course concept for prevention and treatment of foot disorders
Authors: Betz Martin , Konradi Jürgen , Betz Ulrich , Drees Philipp 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPhysiotherapy offers an active approach to prevent and treat foot dysfunction, but it is currently rarely used. A Spiraldynamik®-inspired 6‒8-h educational program, called “Mainzer Fußschule” (Mainz Foot-school, MFS), was established to offer a framework for effective implementation. Elements of the courses are: knowledge transfer about anatomy and function, perception training, mobilization, as well as strengthening and coordination. In order to evaluate opinions of former participants about the course format and their subjective effects of course participation, we collected patient-reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsIn mid-2018, we conducted a retrospective, monocentric, questionnaire-based cohort study. The online-questionnaire comprised 23-items. All MFS attendees in 2015‒2017 who were contactable via e-mail (522; 90.3%) were approached. Finally, 350 completed questionnaires (67%) were returned.ResultsThe overall framework of the course was evaluated very positively by most participants, with 94.8% expressing a positive opinion about the course format, 97.2% about the theory vs. practice ratio, and 97.2% about the information content. PROs regarding the offering were equally positive, with 84.3% stating that their feet are now used and treated differently, and 63,9% that they still perform exercises learned in the MFS. Furthermore, the majority (67.9%) believes that the procedure had a positive effect on their existing foot problem. Feedback on the various other examined aspects was similarly positive.ConclusionsThe courses were rated positively by the majority of former participants, both in terms of format and subjective effects. Thus the MFS is a promising therapy option that should be included in an extended treatment concept with individual orthopedic examination and therapy options. Our results should be verified in a multicenter, randomized controlled study.Trial registrationThe Trial was approved by the ethical review committee of the Rhineland-Palatinate state chamber of physicians (18.04.2018). International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), DRKS00013890. Registered 11 May 2018, http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=DRKS00013890.
Knowledge and Attitudes Among Preschools Staff in Shanghai, China, Regarding Epilepsy
Authors: Qiu Liyan , Shen Lixiao , Wang Junli , Ren Fang , Xu Mingyu , Jiang Fan , Sheng Xiaoyang , Li Fei , Li Feng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological problems among children. The aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge and attitude among preschool staff in Shanghai regarding epilepsy.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was carried out among the staff at selected preschools. A stratified random sampling method was first used to identify suitable subjects. Data were obtained using a self-completed questionnaire. A standardized collection of demographic information was performed, and participants were given a questionnaire about their knowledge and attitudes regarding epilepsy.ResultsA total of 1069 subjects completed the questionnaire. In this survey, 387 (36.2%) staff members had previously participated in related training. 17.6% of teachers knew how to provide appropriate first aid for seizures. Correct responses regarding first aid for seizures, such as laying the person on his or her side (24.9%), moving harmful objects out of the way (20.7%), protecting the head (36.1%), waiting until the seizure ends (7.9%), and dialing the emergency number (40.1%), were low. The staff members had different attitudes towards children with epilepsy: Some subjects had a positive attitude, some had a negative attitude.ConclusionsThe level of first-aid knowledge among preschool staff in Shanghai relevant to epilepsy was low. There is an urgent need to educate staff about epilepsy and appropriate first-aid practices for seizures.
A GIS-AHP Based Approach for Optimal Quarry Site Location Around Harer and Dire-Dawa Towns, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Gudissa Leta , Raghuvanshi Tarun Kumar , Meten Matebie , Chemeda Yadeta Chemdesa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The scarcity of lands for suitable quarry sites is rapidly becoming a critical growing problem in most developing countries of the world. Therefore, selection of optimal quarry sites for crushed aggregates is a prerequisite for safe operation and economic viability. The present study was carried out around Harer and Dire-Dawa towns located about 520 km from Addis Ababa. The main objective of the study was to identify optimal location of quarry sites for crushed aggregates by using integrated Analytic Hierarch Process (AHP) and GIS approach. Selection was carried out by considering factors such as lithology, land-use and land-cover, distance to built-up areas, distance to water bodies, distance to roads, relative relief, and slope angle. For each of the factors appropriate classifications and criteria were formulated based on its suitability. Finally, by utilizing all factors, weighted overlay analysis was applied to produce the quarry site suitability map. The resulted suitability map shows about 136km2 of the area is highly suitable, 1,587km2 is moderately suitable, and 2,166km2 has low suitability for quarry site development. The findings of the study will be helpful in narrowing down the area to the suitable areas that may further be studied through detailed field investigation. This result will also greatly serve as guide in quarry site selection in other states and/or other developing countries.
Differential Effects of Chronic Immunosuppression on Behavioral, Epigenetic and Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Markers in 3xTg-AD Mice
Authors: Kapadia Minesh , Mian Firoz M. , Ma Donglai , Hutton Craig P. , Azam Amber , Narkaj Klotilda , Cao Chuanhai , Brown Breanna , Michalski Bernadeta , Morgan David , Forsythe Paul , Zovkic Iva B. , Fahnestock Margaret , Sakic Boris 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Circulating autoantibodies and sex-dependent discrepancy in prevalence are unexplained phenomena of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using the 3xTg-AD mouse model, we reported that adult males show early manifestations of systemic autoimmunity, increased emotional reactivity, enhanced expression of the histone variant macroH2A1 in the cerebral cortex, and loss of plaque/tangle pathology. Conversely, adult females display less severe autoimmunity and retain their AD-like phenotype. This study examines the link between immunity and other traits of the current 3xTg-AD model. Young 3xTg-AD and wild-type mice drank a sucrose-laced 0.4 mg/ml solution of the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide on weekends for 5 months. After behavioral phenotyping at 2 and 6 months of age, we assessed organ mass, serologic markers of autoimmunity, molecular markers of early AD pathology and expression of genes associated with neurodegeneration. Chronic immunosuppression prevented hematocrit drop and reduced soluble Aβ in 3xTg-AD males while normalizing the expression of histone variant macroH2A1 in 3xTg-AD females. This treatment also reduced hepatosplenomegaly, lowered autoantibody levels, and increased the effector T cell population while decreasing the proportion of regulatory T cells in both sexes. Exposure to cyclophosphamide, however, neither prevented reduced brain mass and BDNF expression nor normalized increased tau and anxiety-related behaviors. The results suggest that systemic autoimmunity increases soluble Aβ production and affects transcriptional regulation of macroH2A1 in a sex-related manner. Despite the complexity of multisystem interactions, 3xTg-AD mice can be a useful in vivo model for exploring the regulatory role of autoimmunity in the etiology of AD-like neurodegenerative disorders.
On-Site Blackwater Treatment Fosters Microbial Groups and Functions to Efficiently and Robustly Recover Carbon and Nutrients
Authors: Kuramae Eiko E. , Dimitrov Mauricio R. , Silva Gustavo R.H. , Lucheta Adriano , Mendes Lucas W. , Luz Ronildson L. , Vet Louise , Fernandes Tania V. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Wastewater is considered as a renewable resource water and energy. An advantage of decentralized sanitation systems is the separation of the blackwater (BW) stream, which is highly contaminated with human pathogens, from the remaining household water. However, the composition and functions of the microbial community in BW are not known. In this study, we used shotgun metagenomics to assess the dynamics of microbial community structure and function throughout a new BW anaerobic digestion system installed at The Netherlands Institute of Ecology. Samples from the influent (BW), primary effluent (anaerobic digested BW), sludge and final effluent of the pilot upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and microalgae pilot tubular photobioreactor (PBR) were analyzed.Results: Our results showed a decrease in microbial richness and diversity followed by a decrease in functional complexity and co-occurrence along the different modules of the bioreactor. The microbial diversity and function decrease were reflected both changes in substrate composition and wash conditions. The most prevalent core functions in influent (BW) were related to metabolism of carbohydrates, response to chemicals and drugs, and nitrogen. The core functions in anaerobic digested BW and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor were related to response to stress, viral processes and iron-sulfur metabolism. Methanogenesis-related functions were most abundant in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. Effluent from tubular photobioreactor presented high abundances of functions related to nitrogen utilization, metal ion binding and antibiotic biosynthetic processes. Interestingly, the abundance of sequences related to ‘pathogenesis’ decreased from influent BW to SP1 to effluent from tubular photobioreactor. Our wastewater treatment system also decreased potential microbial functions related to pathogenesis. Conclusions: The new sanitation system studied here fosters microbial groups and functions that allow the system to efficiently and robustly recover carbon and nutrients while reducing pathogenic groups, ultimately generating a final effluent safe for discharge and reuse.
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping for Quito with Logistic Regression and Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Puente-Sotomayor Fernando Xavier , Mustafa Ahmed , Teller Jacques 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Andean region is one of the highest landslide-susceptible areas worldwide, while still limited attention has been devoted to the topic in this context in terms of research, risk reduction practice and urban policy. Given the collection of a few early datasets for landslides after a dozen years by the Andean city of Quito, this article aims to explore the predictive power of a binary logistic regression model (LOGIT) to test the provided data and multicriteria evaluation for landslide susceptibility in this urban area. Furthermore, two types of sensitivity analysis, the univariate and the MonteCarlo methods, were applied in order to suggest a better calibration of the LOGIT model. Amongst the ten variables included in the model for the context of Quito, which help to explain its landslide susceptibility, results showed that population and road density have relevant predicting power for high landslide susceptibility when adopting a weights-based data normalization for the model. This model was validated with a receiving operating characteristic of 0.79. Sensitivity analyses suggested calibrations of the model different from the referential one that would improve this metric up to 2%. The calibration process suggests further experimentation regarding other methods of normalization and a finer level of disaggregation of data. In terms of policy design, the LOGIT model coefficients values suggest the need of a deep analysis of the impacts that urban features such as population, road density, building footprint and floor area at a household scale have on the generation of landslide susceptibility in Andean cities like Quito.
Community composition and development of the post-weaning piglet gut microbiome
Authors: Gaio Daniela , DeMaere Matthew Z , Anantanawat Kay , Eamens Graeme J , Liu Michael , Zingali Tiziana , Falconer Linda , Chapman Toni A , Djordjevic Steven P , Darling Aaron E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundEarly weaning and intensive farming practices predispose piglets to the development of infectious and often lethal diseases, against which antibiotics are used. Besides contributing to the build-up of antimicrobial resistance, antibiotics are known to modulate the gut microbial composition. Studies have previously investigated the effects of probiotics as alternatives to antibiotic treatment for the prevention of post-weaning diarrhea. In order to describe the post-weaning gut microbiota, and the effects of two probiotics formulations and of intramuscular antibiotic treatment on the gut microbiota, we processed over 800 faecal time-series samples from 126 piglets and 42 sows, generating over 8Tbp of metagenomic shotgun sequence data. Here we describe the animal trial procedures, the generation of our metagenomic dataset and the analysis of the microbial community composition using a phylogenetic framework.ResultsFactors such as age, litter effects, and breed, by significantly correlating with gut microbial community shifts, can be major confounding factors in the assessment of treatment effects. Intramuscular antibiotic treatment and probiotic treatments were found to correlate with alpha and beta diversity, as well as with a transient establishment of Mollicutes and Lactobacillales, respectively. We found the abundance of certain taxa to correlate with weight gain.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that breed, litter, and age, are important contributors to variation in the community composition, and that treatment effects of the antibiotic and probiotic treatments were subtle, while host age was the dominant factor in shaping the gut microbiota of piglets after weaning. The current study shows, by means of a phylogenetic diversity framework, that the post-weaning pig gut microbiome appears to follow a highly structured developmental program with characteristic post-weaning changes that can distinguish hosts that were born as little as two days apart in the second month of life.
Ultra-Conformal Skin Electrodes with Synergistically Enhanced Conductivity for Low-Motion Artifact Epidermal Electrophysiology
Authors: Zhao Yan , Zhang Song , Yu Tianhao , Zhang Yan , Ye Guo , Jiang Wenchao , Lu Yifei , Zhang Weifeng , Du Xiaojia , Qiu Jiakang , Gu Xiaodan , Nan Liu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Accurate and imperceptible monitoring of electrophysiological signals is of primary importance for wearable healthcare. Stiff and bulky pregelled electrodes are now commonly used in clinical diagnosis, causing severe discomfort to users as well as artifact signals in motion. Here, we report a ~ 100 nm ultrathin dry epidermal electrode that is able to conformably adhere to skin and accurately measure electrophysiological signals. This dry epidermal electrode was fabricated by direct transfer of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) - grown graphene (~ 1 nm) by poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS, ~ 100 nm) as the transfer medium, namely PTG. It showed low sheet resistance (45 Ω/sq), high transparency (80%), and mechano-electrical stability. The enhanced optoelectronic performance was due to the synergistic effect between graphene and PEDOT:PSS, which induced a high degree of molecular ordering on PEDOT and charge transfer on graphene by strong π-π interaction. Together with ultra-thin nature, PTG exhibited a low electrochemical impedance when interfacing with skin, thereby leading to accurate electrophysiological signal detection with low motion artifact, as well as controlling robotic claws. This strategy to synergistically incorporate graphene and PEDOT:PSS together as ultra-conformal dry electrodes will have a significant impact on the development of epidermal electronics.