bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Property Estimation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: A Comparative Assessment of Estimation Methods
Authors: Lampic Alina , Parnis J. Mark 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
To accurately predict the environmental fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), high-quality physicochemical property data are required. Because such data are often not available from experiments, assessment of the accuracy of existing property estimation models is essential. The quality of predicted physicochemical property data for a set of 25 PFAS was examined using COSMOtherm, EPI Suite, the estimation models accessible through the US Environmental Protection Agency's CompTox Chemicals Dashboard, and Linear Solvation Energy Relationships (LSERs) available through the UFZ-LSER Database. The results showed that COSMOtherm made the most accurate acid dissociation constant and air–water partition ratio estimates compared with literature data. The OPEn structure-activity/property Relationship App (OPERA; developed through the CompTox Chemicals Dashboard) estimates of vapor pressure and dry octanol–air partition ratios were the most accurate compared with other models of interest. Wet octanol–water partition ratios were comparably predicted by OPERA and EPI Suite, and the organic carbon soil coefficient and solubility were well predicted by OPERA and COSMOtherm. Acid dissociation of the perfluoroalkyl acids has a significant impact on their physicochemical properties, and corrections for ionization were included where applicable. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:775–786. © 2020 SETAC
Transformer anomaly detection based on time‐frequency domain software‐hardware cooperative analysis
Authors: Liu Tianyang , Zhu Yongxin , Wang Hui , Balamurugan Balusamy , Vijayakumar Pandi , Peng Jingtong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLarge power transformer is one of the most important equipment in power system, while conventional methods of transformer vibration anomaly detection are inaccurate and complex. Based on the fast‐growing Internet of Energy (IoE), we put forward an improved transformer anomaly detection method that makes contributions in following ways: we first propose a new anomaly detection algorithm that combines time‐frequency domain analysis and artificial intelligence technology. Compared with the conventional modeling analysis, our method is simpler, more effective, and more adaptable. Then, we design a software‐hardware collaboration architecture and implement the algorithm on Xilinx Zynq‐7000 System on Chip (SoC) XC7Z010 development board, showing high accuracy of 98.12%. Finally, we apply the whole system to IoE environment.
Recognition of grey hole attacks in wireless sensor networks using fuzzy logic in IoT
Authors: Ye Qian , Wang Yufei , Xi Maolong , Tang Yulan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSince the devices in Internet of Things (IoT) are always interconnected with a stable Internet connection, they are prone to attacks. In the grey hole attack, a malicious node acts as a central controller to obtain data from all the nodes and it drops and alters the data packets as per its wish. In this way, the grey hole attack alters the core concept of the IoT, which enables different devices to communicate with each other. To prevent the grey hole attack and enable efficient communication between the IoT devices, a fuzzy concept is introduced in this article. Previous methods have not proficient in spotting uncountable kinds of grey hole attacks. The fuzzy engine identifies the suspicious activity that takes place in the network by the rules generated and identifies the malicious node and stops its function immediately. The simulation experimentation is carried out for accuracy, delay, energy consumption, packet delivery ratio and throughput, and the simulation contrasts with the proposed algorithm, analog behavioral modeling (ABM), and other previous techniques. The proposed system provides an accuracy rate of 45%, a packet delivery ratio of 78%, and reduced energy consumption of 35.6% compared to the previous ABM approach. Simulation outputs showed that the proposed fuzzy grey detection technique is a proficient scheme for detecting grey hole attacks and improving network capability.
Resource heterogeneity and the evolution of public goods cooperation
Authors: Stilwell Peter , O'Brien Siobhan , Hesse Elze , Lowe Chris , Gardner Andy , Buckling Angus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHeterogeneity in resources is a ubiquitous feature of natural landscapes affecting many aspects of biology. However, the effect of environmental heterogeneity on the evolution of cooperation has been less well studied. Here, using a mixture of theory and experiments measuring siderophore production by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model for public goods based cooperation, we explore the effect of heterogeneity in resource availability. We show that cooperation in metapopulations that were spatially heterogeneous in terms of resources can be maintained at a higher level than in homogeneous metapopulations of the same average resource value. The results can be explained by a positive covariance between fitness of cooperators, population size, and local resource availability, which allowed cooperators to have a disproportionate advantage within the heterogeneous metapopulations. These results suggest that natural environmental variation may help to maintain cooperation.
An inverse problem formulation of the immersed‐boundary method
Authors: Yan Jianfeng , Hicken Jason E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe formulate the immersed‐boundary method (IBM) as an inverse problem. A control variable is introduced on the boundary of a larger domain that encompasses the target domain. The optimal control is the one that minimizes the mismatch between the state and the desired boundary value along the immersed target‐domain boundary. We begin by investigating a naïve problem formulation that we show is ill‐posed: in the case of the Laplace equation, we prove that the solution is unique, but it fails to depend continuously on the data; for the linear advection equation, even solution uniqueness fails to hold. These issues are addressed by two complimentary strategies. The first strategy is to ensure that the enclosing domain tends to the true domain, as the mesh is refined. The second strategy is to include a specialized parameter‐free regularization that is based on penalizing the difference between the control and the state on the boundary. The proposed inverse IBM is applied to the diffusion, advection, and advection‐diffusion equations using a high‐order discontinuous Galerkin discretization. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the regularized scheme achieves optimal rates of convergence and that the reduced Hessian of the optimization problem has a bounded condition number, as the mesh is refined.
The effect of antifungal extracts on the contamination of grain with microfungi
Authors: Keriene Ilona , Mankeviciene Audrone , Blazyte Jaune 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe study aimed to analyze the effects of extracts made from buckwheat grain, hulls, and bee products (propolis, bread, and pollen) and extraction solvents on the growth of microfungi on a medium and on buckwheat, wheat, oat, and maize grain. Research findings suggest that bioactive compounds contained in buckwheat grain reduced the amount of Fusarium spp. in the grain kept in the antifungal extract for 90 min at 25°C temperature. Buckwheat hull extract was more effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of mycotoxin‐producing Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum compared with buckwheat grain extract (13%–50% and 14%–36%, respectively). The antifungal activity of extracts of bee products did not depend on the content of phenolic compounds in them; however, it depended on the grain species treated. After treatment of oat, wheat, and maize grain with bee product extracts, the lowest concentration of microfungi was identified on oat grain. More significant analysis results were obtained for the samples where ethanol solvent had been used for the preparation of extracts.
Assessing the validity of eyelid parameters to detect impairment due to benzodiazepines
Authors: Wilkinson Vanessa E. , Jackson Melinda L. , Westlake Justine , Stevens Bronwyn , Barnes Maree , Cori Jennifer , Swann Philip , Howard Mark E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveBenzodiazepines impair driving ability and psychomotor function. Eyelid parameters accurately reflect drowsiness; however, the effects of benzodiazepines on these measures have not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of benzodiazepines on eyelid parameters and evaluate their accuracy for detecting psychomotor impairment.MethodsEyelid parameters were recorded during a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and driving simulation over 2 days, baseline, and after 20‐mg oral temazepam. The utility of eyelid parameters for detecting PVT lapses was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves, and cut‐off levels indicating impairment (≥1 and ≥2 PVT lapses per min) were identified. The accuracy of these cut‐off levels for detecting driving simulator crashes was then examined.ResultsPVT and driving simulator performance was significantly impaired following benzodiazepine administration (p < .05). Average eyelid closure duration (inter‐event duration) was a reliable indicator of PVT lapses (area under the curve [AUC] of 0.87–0.90). The cut‐off value of eyelid closure duration derived from PVT AUC was able to predict driving simulator crashes with moderately high sensitivity and specificity (76.23% and 75.00%).ConclusionsEyelid parameters were affected by benzodiazepines and accurately detected the psychomotor impairment. In particular, eyelid closure duration is a promising real‐time indicator of benzodiazepine impairment.
Oxidative stress and inflammation: Early predictive indicators of multiple recurrent coronary in‐stent chronic total occlusions in elderly patients after coronary stenting
Authors: Li Xia , Zhou Hualan , Guo Dianxuan , Hu Youdong , Fang Xiang , Chen Ying , Zhang Fenglin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPro‐inflammatory responses and oxidative stress damages, and effects of the reduced anti‐oxidation and anti‐inflammation were involved in development and progression of coronary heart disease. We tried to identify the effects of pro‐inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers as well as anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory factors on multiple recurrent coronary in‐stent chronic total occlusions in elderly patients after coronary stenting. We determined the expression levels of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC), stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO), toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2), toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3), toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), and soluble ST2 (sST2) in elderly patients with multiple recurrent coronary in‐stent chronic total occlusions after coronary stenting. The levels of EPC, SDF‐1α, VEGF, and NO were decreased in elderly patients with multiple recurrent coronary in‐stent chronic total occlusions (p < .001). The levels of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and sST2 were increased in elderly patients with multiple recurrent coronary in‐stent chronic total occlusions (p < .001). The oxidative stress damages and pro‐inflammatory responses played the crucial roles in multiple recurrent coronary in‐stent chronic total occlusions of elderly patients after coronary stent placement. The levels of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and sST2, and the expressions of EPC, SDF‐1α, VEGF, and NO could be considered as potential early predictive indicators for multiple recurrent coronary in‐stent chronic total occlusions in elderly patients after coronary stent implantation.
Hyaluronic acid–heparin conjugated decellularized human great saphenous vein patches decrease neointimal thickness
Authors: Bai Hualong , Wang Zhiwei , Li Mingxing , Liu Yuanfeng , Wang Wang , Sun Peng , Wei Shunbo , Wang Zhiju , Li Jiang'an , Dardik Alan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough the science of implantable materials has advanced therapeutic options in vascular surgery, graft failure is still a problem in need of a durable solution. With the development of coating and decellularization techniques, coated prosthetic grafts have become an option; however, whether decellularized human saphenous vein can be conjugated and implanted is not known. Human great saphenous vein (GSV) was harvested and decellularized and hyaluronic acid (HA)–heparin was conjugated to the GSV; water contact angles (WCA), morphology, and sulfur element change were measured before and after heparin bonding. GSV patches were implanted into the rat inferior vena cava and aorta; patches were harvested (Day 14) and analyzed. HA–heparin was successfully conjugated to the decellularized human GSV with altered morphology and reduced WCA. The HA–heparin coated decellularized GSV patch was anti‐thrombotic in vitro, and significantly decreased neointimal thickness both in patch venoplasty and angioplasty in a rat model. Both CD90 and nestin positive cells participated in neointima formation. These data show that HA–heparin coated human GSV patches decrease neointimal thickness when used both in venoplasty and arterioplasty. Tissue engineered decellularized human GSV is a promising vascular prosthesis.
Estimation of Long‐Term Efficacy of Denosumab Treatment in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis: A FRAX‐ and Virtual Twin‐Based Post Hoc Analysis From the FREEDOM and FREEDOM Extension Trials
Authors: Siris Ethel , McDermott Michele , Pannacciulli Nicola , Miller Paul D , Lewiecki E Michael , Chapurlat Roland , Jódar‐Gimeno Esteban , Huang Shuang , Kanis John A 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThe 3‐year placebo‐controlled FREEDOM (Fracture REduction Evaluation of Denosumab in Osteoporosis Every 6 Months) trial established the antifracture efficacy of denosumab in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The 7‐year open‐label extension demonstrated that denosumab treatment for up to 10 years was associated with low rates of adverse events and low fracture incidence. The extension lacked a long‐term control group, thus limiting the ability to fully evaluate long‐term efficacy. This analysis provides a quantitative estimate of the long‐term antifracture efficacy of denosumab based on two approaches: comparison with FRAX®‐ (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool‐) and virtual twin‐estimated 10‐year fracture rates. Subjects who were randomized to denosumab in the FREEDOM trial, continued into the Extension study, completed the 10‐year visit, and missed ≤1 dose in the FREEDOM trial and ≤1 dose in the Extension (n = 1278) were included in the analysis. The 10‐year observed cumulative incidence of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and hip fractures was compared with the 10‐year fracture probability predicted at baseline by FRAX, a computer‐based fracture risk algorithm, and with that estimated for a hypothetical cohort of 10‐year placebo controls (virtual twins). The observed 10‐year fracture incidence was lower than the 10‐year probability predicted by FRAX for both MOF (10.75% [95% CI, 9.05 to 12.46] versus 15.63% [95% CI, 15.08 to 16.18], respectively), and hip fractures (1.17% [95% CI, 0.58 to 1.76] versus 5.62% [95% CI, 5.28 to 5.97], respectively). The observed fracture incidence was also lower than the fracture rate estimated in a hypothetical cohort of 10‐year placebo controls for MOF (23.13% [95% CI, 17.76 to 28.87]; relative risk 0.49 [95% CI, 0.36 to 0.64]). These data support the long‐term efficacy of denosumab in reducing MOF and hip fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Isolated Cyclic Loading During Adolescence Improves Tibial Bone Microstructure and Strength at Adulthood
Authors: Mustafy Tanvir , Londono Irène , Moldovan Florina , Villemure Isabelle 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBone is a unique living tissue, which responds to the mechanical stimuli regularly imposed on it. Adolescence facilitates a favorable condition for the skeleton that enables the exercise to positively influence bone architecture and overall strength. However, it is still dubious for how long the skeletal benefits gained in adolescence is preserved at adulthood. The current study aims to use a rat model to investigate the effects of in vivo low‐ (LI), medium‐ (MI), and high‐ (HI) intensity cyclic loadings applied during puberty on longitudinal bone development, morphometry, and biomechanics during adolescence as well as at adulthood. Forty‐two young (4‐week‐old) male rats were randomized into control, sham, LI, MI, and HI groups. After a 5 day/week for 8 weeks cyclic loading regime applied on the right tibia, loaded rats underwent a subsequent 41‐week, normal cage activity period. Right tibias were removed at 52 weeks of age, and a comprehensive assessment was performed using μCT, mechanical testing, and finite element analysis. HI and MI groups exhibited reduced body weight and food intake at the end of the loading period compared with shams, but these effects disappeared afterward. HI cyclic loading increased BMD, bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and decreased trabecular spacing after loading. All loading‐induced benefits, except BMD, persisted until the end of the normal cage activity period. Moreover, HI loading induced enhanced bone area, periosteal perimeter, and moment of inertia, which remained up to the 52nd week. After the normal cage activity at adulthood, the HI group showed increased ultimate force and stress, stiffness, postyield displacement and energy, and toughness compared with the sham group. Overall, our findings suggest that even though both trabecular and cortical bone drifted through age‐related changes during aging, HI cyclic loading performed during adolescence can render lifelong benefits in bone microstructure and biomechanics. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Targeted Reduction of Senescent Cell Burden Alleviates Focal Radiotherapy-Related Bone Loss
Authors: Chandra Abhishek , Lagnado Anthony B , Farr Joshua N , Monroe David G , Park Sean , Hachfeld Christine , Tchkonia Tamar , Kirkland James L , Khosla Sundeep , Passos João F , Pignolo Robert J 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Clinical radiotherapy treats life-threatening cancers, but the radiation often affects neighboring normal tissues including bone. Acute effects of ionizing radiation include oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cellular apoptosis. We show in this study that a large proportion of bone marrow cells, osteoblasts, and matrix-embedded osteocytes recover from these insults only to attain a senescent profile. Bone analyses of senescence-associated genes, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, and presence of telomere dysfunction-induced foci (TIF) at 1, 7, 14, 21, and 42 days post–focal radiation treatment (FRT) in C57BL/6 male mice confirmed the development of senescent cells and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Accumulation of senescent cells and SASP markers were correlated with a significant reduction in bone architecture at 42 days post-FRT. To test if senolytic drugs, which clear senescent cells, alleviate FRT-related bone damage, we administered the senolytic agents, dasatinib (D), quercetin (Q), fisetin (F), and a cocktail of D and Q (D+Q). We found moderate alleviation of radiation-induced bone damage with D and Q as stand-alone compounds, but no such improvement was seen with F. However, the senolytic cocktail of D+Q reduced senescent cell burden as assessed by TIF+ osteoblasts and osteocytes, markers of senescence (p16 Ink4a and p21), and key SASP factors, resulting in significant recovery in the bone architecture of radiated femurs. In summary, this study provides proof of concept that senescent cells play a role in radiotherapy-associated bone damage, and that reduction in senescent cell burden by senolytic agents is a potential therapeutic option for alleviating radiotherapy-related bone deterioration. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Embelin impact on paraquat‐induced lung injury through suppressing oxidative stress, inflammatory cascade, and MAPK/NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: SreeHarsha Nagaraja 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe current examination was intended to observe the defensive impacts of embelin against paraquat‐incited lung damage in relationship with its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory action. Oxidative stress marker, like malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidative enzymes, for example, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px), inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), tumor necrosis factor‐α, and IL‐6, histological examination, and nuclear factor kappa B/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (NF‐κB/MAPK) gene expression were evaluated in lung tissue. Embelin treatment significantly decreased MDA and increased SOD, CAT, and GSH Px. Embelin significantly reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines in paraquat‐administered and paraquat‐intoxicated rats. In addition, embelin suggestively decreased relative protein expression of nuclear NF‐κB p65, p‐NF‐κBp65, p38 MAPK, and p‐p38 MAPKs in paraquat‐intoxicated rats. The outcomes show the impact of embelin inhibitory action on NF‐κB and MAPK and inflammatory cytokines release, and the decrease of lung tissue damage caused by paraquat.
Paroxetine modulates immune responses by activating a JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Kabiri Mahdieh , Hemmatpour Anahid , Zare Fatemeh , Hadinedoushan Hossein , Karimollah Alireza 
Published: February 2020

AbstractParoxetine, a representative of serotonin reuptake inhibitors, has recently gained attention due to its anti‐inflammatory properties. However, underlying mechanisms responsible for its immunosuppressive effects remain to be unveiled. To understand the responsible signaling mechanisms, we examined paroxetine's effect on the Janus kinase 2‐signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2‐STAT3) signaling pathway on lipopolysaccharide + phytohemagglutinin‐induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cells culture. We also evaluate the possible dependency of paroxetine immunomodulation effects on the 5‐HT system of immune cells. Our results indicated that paroxetine attenuates proinflammatory cytokine production (interleukin‐1β [IL‐1β], IL‐17, and tumor necrosis factor‐α) and increases expression of IL‐10 and JAK2/STAT3 evidence for macrophages polarization to M2 subset and functional dendritic cells depletion. In conclusion, paroxetine can exert its anti‐inflammatory effects via both the 5‐HT systems present in immune cells and the JAK2‐STAT3 pathway. Our results also suggest that paroxetine exerted its immunosuppressive effects partially via serotonin. Nonetheless, JAK2/STAT3‐modulated paroxetine effects were independent of serotonin, hence sufficiently applicable for inflammation repression.