bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal corporate governance strength as a mechanism for achieving sustainable development goals
Authors: Martínez‐Ferrero Jennifer , García‐Meca Emma 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the strength of internal corporate governance as a determining factor in a firm's addressing the sustainable development goals (SDGs) proposed by the United Nations. Using a European sample of analysis from 2016 to 2017, the paper examines CEO independence, board composition and board attendance as internal corporate governance factors that affect a firm's commitment to sustainable development. By employing several regression analyses, the evidence supports the assertion that greater corporate governance strength, from an internal perspective, increases the propensity to report SDGs in firms' sustainability reports. In addition, results confirm that CEO non‐duality and board independence act individually as determinants of a firm's contribution to the 2030 Agenda.
Al‐Li Alloy Chemical Milling Waste Solution Synthesis of γ‐AlOOH Bundles for Cr(VI) Rapid Adsorption
Authors: Qi Yuwen , Wei Lihong , Shi Dongni , Cai Wei , Guo Licun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAl‐Li alloy chemical milling waste solution (AlCM) was utilized for the first time to prepare γ‐AlOOH(boehmite) as highly efficient adsorbent for Cr(VI). The NaAlO2 in AlCM reacted with H2O2 at room temperature for 0.25 h to prepare porous γ‐AlOOH bundles with the specific surface area of 232.2 m2 g‐1. The possible growth mechanism of γ‐AlOOH under CTAB and time was proposed. The kinetics and adsorption properties of Cr(VI) adsorbed by γ‐AlOOH were also investigated. The porous γ‐AlOOH bundles can quickly adsorb Cr(VI) within 20 minutes and show stable recyclability. This study shows that it is a cost‐effective way to treat and recycle AlCM that the γ‐AlOOH is synthesized from AlCM as an adsorbent to remove Cr (VI) heavy metals in wastewater.
Comparative evaluation of 4 commercial modified‐live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines against heterologous dual Korean PRRSV‐1 and PRRSV‐2 challenge
Authors: Oh Taehwan , Park Su‐Jin , Cho Hyejean , Yang Siyeon , Ham Hee Jin , Chae Chanhee 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundFour commercial porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) modified‐live vaccines (MLV) was compared to protect growing pigs against dual challenge of PRRSV‐1 and PRRSV‐2.MethodsTwo of the vaccines were based on PRRSV‐1, and two on PRRSV‐2. A total of 72 PRRSV‐naïve pigs were divided into six groups (12 pigs/group).ResultsTwo PRRSV‐1 MLV‐vaccinated and two PRRSV‐2 MLV‐vaccinated groups reduced significantly (p < .05) genomic copies of PRRSV‐1 in their sera compared to the unvaccinated challenged group. Two PRRSV‐2 MLV‐vaccinated groups reduced significantly (p < .05) fewer genomic copies of PRRSV‐2 in their sera whereas two PRRSV‐1 MLV‐vaccinated groups were unable to reduce genomic copies of PRRSV‐2 compared to unvaccinated challenged groups. Two PRRSV‐1 MLV‐vaccinated groups induced a stronger PRRSV‐1 specific IFN‐γ‐SC response, while two PRRSV‐2 MLV‐vaccinated groups induced a stronger PRRSV‐2 specific IFN‐γ‐SC response. Two PRRSV‐2 MLV‐vaccinated groups showed significantly (p < .05) lower mean macroscopic and microscopic lung lesion scores compared to two PRRSV‐1 MLV‐vaccinated groups.ConclusionsThese data demonstrated that two PRRSV‐2 vaccines were efficacious and exhibited similar protection while, two PRRSV‐1 vaccines were largely ineffective against the dual challenge.
Integrating levels of bone growth control: From stem cells to body proportions
Authors: Kagan Brett J. , Rosello‐Diez Alberto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe study of the mechanisms controlling organ size during development and regeneration is critical to understanding how complex life arises from cooperating single cells. Long bones are powerful models in this regard, as their size depends on a scaffold made from another tissue (cartilage, composed of chondrocytes), and both tissues interact during the growth period. Investigating long bone growth offers a valuable window into the processes that integrate internal and external cues to yield finely controlled size of organs. Within the cellular and molecular pathways that control bone growth, the regulation of stem‐cell renewal, along with amplification and differentiation of their progeny, are key to understanding normal and perturbed long‐bone development. The phenomenon of “catch‐up” growth–where cellular hyperproliferation occurs following injury to restore a normal growth trajectory–reveals key aspects of this regulation, such as the fact that bone growth is target‐seeking. The control mechanisms that lead to this behavior are either bottom‐up or top‐down, and the interaction between these modes is likely critical to achieve a highly nuanced, yet flexible, degree of control. The role of cartilage‐intrinsic mechanisms has been well studied, establishing a very solid groundwork for this field. However, addressing the unanswered questions of bone growth arguably requires new hypotheses and approaches. Future research could for example address to what extent extrinsic signals and cells, as well as communication with other tissues, modulate intra‐limb and inter‐organ growth coordination.This article is categorized under:
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Tissue Stem Cells and Niches
Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing
Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular
Characterizing Microbial Signatures on Sculptures and Paintings of Similar Provenance
Authors: Torralba Manolito G. , Kuelbs Claire , Moncera Kelvin Jens , Roby Rhonda , Nelson Karen E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe preservation of artwork challenges museums, collectors, and art enthusiasts. Currently, reducing moisture, adjusting the type of lighting, and preventing the formation of mold are primary methods to preserving and preventing deterioration. Other methods such as ones based in detailed knowledge of molecular biology such as microbial community characterization using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing have yet to be explored. Such molecular biology approaches are essential to explore as some environmental bacteria are capable of oxidizing nonpolar chemical substances rich in hydrocarbons such as oil-based paints. Using 16S rDNA Illumina Sequencing, we demonstrate a novel finding that there are differing bacterial communities for artwork from roughly the same era when comparing paintings on wood, paintings on canvases, and sculptures made of stone and marble. We also demonstrate that there are specific genera such as Aeromonas known for having oxidase positive strains, present on paintings on wood and paintings on canvas that could potentially be responsible for deterioration and fading as such organisms produce water or hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct of cytochrome c oxidase activity. The advantages of these genomics-based approaches to characterizing the microbial population on deteriorating artwork provides immense potential by identifying potentially damaging species that may not be detected using conventional methods in addition to addressing challenges to identification, restoration, and preservation efforts.
The changes in ENSO-induced tropical Pacific precipitation variability in the past warm and cold climates from the EC-Earth simulations
Authors: Han Zixuan , Zhang Qiong , Wen Qin , Lu Zhengyao , Feng Guolin , Su Tao , Li Qiang , Zhang Qiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the most significant climate variability signals. Studying the changes in ENSO-induced precipitation variability (ENSO precipitation) in the past climate offers a possibility to a better understanding of how they may change under future climate conditions. This study uses simulations performed with the European community Earth-System Model (EC-Earth) to investigate the relative contributions of dynamic effect (the circulation anomalies together with the climatological specific humidity) and thermodynamic effect (the specific humidity anomalies together with the climatological circulation) on the changes in ENSO precipitation in the past warm and cold climates, represented by the Pliocene and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), respectively. The results show that the changes in ENSO precipitation are intensified (weakened) over the tropical western Pacific but weakened (intensified) over the tropical central Pacific in Pliocene (LGM) compared with the pre-industrial (PI) simulation. Based on the decomposed moisture budget equation, these changes in ENSO precipitation patterns are highly related to the dynamic effect. The mechanism can be understood as follows: the zonal gradient of the mean sea surface temperature (SST) over the tropical Indo-Pacific is increased (reduced) during the Pliocene (LGM), leading to the strengthening (weakening) of Pacific Walker Circulation as well as a westward (eastward) shift. In the Pliocene, the westward shift of Walker Circulation results in an increased (decreased) ENSO-induced low-level vertical velocity variability in the tropical western Pacific (central Pacific), and, in turn, favoring convergent (divergent) moisture transport through a dynamic process, and then causing intensified (weakened) ENSO precipitation there. The opposite mechanism exists in LGM. These results suggest that changes in the zonal SST gradient over tropical Indo-Pacific under different climate conditions determine the changes in ENSO precipitation through a dynamic process.
Non-uniform torsion of functionally graded anisotropic bar of an elliptical cross section
Authors: Ecsedi István 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn analytical solution is given to the problem of non-uniform torsion of an elliptical cylinder made of functionally graded anisotropic linear elastic material. The material moduli of the considered anisotropic non-homogeneous elastic bar are smooth functions of the axial coordinate. The contour of the elliptical cross section depends on the elastic constants. This dependence provides the zero warping property of the considered elliptical cross section. The obtained stress field is independent of the axial coordinate as in the case of Saint-Venant’s torsion problem, but the rate of twist depends on the axial coordinate.
Accuracy of CAD/CAM-fabricated bite splints: milling vs 3D printing
Authors: Marcel Reymus , Reinhard Hickel , Andreas Keßler 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of CAD/CAM-fabricated bite splints in dependence of fabrication method (milling vs 3D printing), positioning (horizontal vs vertical), selection of material, and method of deviation measurement.

Materials and methods
Bite splints were 3D-printed in either horizontal or vertical position (n = 10) using four different resins (Dental LT, Ortho Clear, Freeprint Splint, V-Splint). As control, ten bite splints were fabricated by CNC milling (ProArt CAD Splint). The splints were scanned and deviations between the CAD-file (trueness) and between each other within one group (precision) were measured by two different software applications and methods (cloud-to-cloud vs cloud-to-mesh). Data were analyzed using univariate analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results
The highest impact on accuracy was exerted by the selection of the material (trueness: ηP2 = 0.871, P < 0.001; precision: ηP2 = 0.715, P < 0.001). Milled splints showed the highest trueness (P < 0.01) but not the highest precision at the same time. Horizontally positioned 3D-printed bite splints showed the least deviations in terms of trueness while vertical positioning resulted in the highest precision. The cloud-to-cloud method showed higher measured deviations than the other methods (P < 0.001–P = 0.002).

Conclusion
Milled splints show higher trueness than 3D-printed ones, while the latter reveal higher reproducibility. The calculated deviations vary according to the measurement method used.

Clinical relevance
In terms of accuracy, milled and 3D-printed bite splints seem to be of equal quality.
A phenomenological constitutive model for the viscoelastic deformation of elastomers
Authors: Annarasa Vinotharan , Popov Atanas A. , De Focatiis Davide S. A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study proposes a one-dimensional constitutive model for elastomeric materials based on recent observations regarding the separation of elastic and viscous contributions in uniaxial cyclic tensile experiments on EPDM rubber. The focus is on capturing the changes in constitutive behavior and energy dissipation associated with the Mullins effect. In the model, this is achieved through the evolution of both permanent set and hyperelastic parameters of an Edwards-Vilgis function to account for the Mullins effect, and with a viscosity associated with the effective stretch rate of the network to describe the non-linear flow stress. The simulations are able to reproduce the observed constitutive response and its change with increasing levels of pre-deformation. The model is less able to accurately reproduce the virgin loading response, which is achieved via extrapolation to zero pre-strain. However, for practical purposes, where scragging of elastomeric products is the norm, the model is able to predict the cyclic response and the dissipated energy, and their change with different scragging levels in good agreement with experimental data.
Minimizing minor embedding energy: an application in quantum annealing
Authors: Fang Yan-Long , Warburton P. A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA significant challenge in quantum annealing is to map a real-world problem onto a hardware graph of limited connectivity. When the problem graph is not a subgraph of the hardware graph, one might employ minor embedding in which each logical qubit is mapped to a tree of physical qubits. Pairwise interactions between physical qubits in the tree are set to be ferromagnetic with some coupling strength$$F<0$$F<0. Here we address the theoretical question of what the best valueFshould be in order to achieve unbroken trees in the pre-quantum-processing. The sum of |F| for each logical qubit is defined as minor embedding energy, and the best valueFis obtained when the minor embedding energy is minimized. We also show that our new analytical lower bound on |F| is a tighter bound than that previously derived by Choi (Quantum Inf Process 7:193–209, 2008). In contrast to Choi’s work, our new method depends more delicately on minor embedding parameters, which leads to a higher computational cost.
Leaching of metal(loid)s from ashes of spent sorbent and stabilisation effect of calcium-rich additives
Authors: Kasiuliene Alfreda , Carabante Ivan , Sefidari Hamid , Öhman Marcus , Bhattacharya Prosun , Kumpiene Jurate 
Published: May 2020

AbstractContaminated water with multiple contaminants, including As, Cr, Cu and Zn, was treated with a sorbent prepared by coating peat with Fe oxides. Because As has a relatively little explored market, the regeneration of the spent sorbent was not feasible. Meanwhile, the disposal of As wastes in landfills can cause landfill leachate treatment problems. Under the reducing conditions prevailing at landfills, As(V) is reduced to As(III), which is a toxic and more mobile form. In this study, incineration was explored as a management option to treat the spent sorbent that was loaded with As, Cr, Cu and Zn. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the leaching of these metal(loid)s from the ashes and compare it with the leaching from the spent sorbents before incineration. The second objective was to evaluate the leaching behaviour when the spent sorbent was co-incinerated with a Ca-rich additive (lime). To achieve these objectives, the obtained ashes were subjected to leaching tests, sequential extraction, and X-ray diffraction analyses. After the incineration, the ash content ranged from 9 to 19% of the initial mass of the spent sorbents. The leaching of As, Cu and Zn decreased compared with that from the spent sorbents before the thermal treatment because of the high incineration temperatures and/or co-incineration with lime. However, the leaching of Cr increased, which would hinder the disposal of the obtained ashes in a landfill because the limit value for disposal at a landfill for hazardous wastes was exceeded by 50 times. However, co-incineration with 10 wt% lime significantly decreased the leaching of Cr as a result of the formation of water-insoluble Ca-Cr compounds.
Problematic Mukbang Watching and Its Relationship to Disordered Eating and Internet Addiction: A Pilot Study Among Emerging Adult Mukbang Watchers
Authors: Kircaburun Kagan , Yurdagül Cemil , Kuss Daria , Emirtekin Emrah , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInternet technology has facilitated the use of a wide variety of different activities and applications in online contexts. One such activity is watching mukbang (i.e., watching videos of “eating broadcasts” where someone eats a large amount of food while interacting with viewers). In the present study, the relationship of problematic mukbang watching with disordered eating and internet addiction was examined. Participants were 140 emerging adults who watched mukbang at least once in the past 30 days (66% female;Mage = 21.66,SD = 1.88, range = 19–29 years). Structural equation modeling indicated that problematic mukbang watching was positively associated with both disordered eating and internet addiction. The present study is the first to explore the predictive role of problematic mukbang watching on adverse consequences, and suggests that mukbang watching may be problematic for a minority of emerging adults and that problematic mukbang watching warrants further examination of its impact on mental health and wellbeing.
Emendations to tissue typology in discomycetes
Authors: Hengstmengel Jan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe term “textura oblita”, referring to a tissue type in ascomycetes with apothecial ascomata, has caused much confusion to ascomycologists. Originally it was defined as a long-celled tissue type consisting of thick-walled hyphae with intercellular substance. However, this definition appeared not well, or not at all, applicable to the originally given examples like Phialea starbaeckii. This has resulted in two other definitions which are more or less the opposite of each other, viz. as a thick-walled tissue with gelatinized walls and as a thin-walled tissue embedded in a gelatinous matrix. The main issue is the location of the gelatinous substance in the relevant tissue: in the cell wall, extracellular, or both. Unfortunately all of the three tissues are called “gelatinous tissue”, although the term “gelatinous tissue” according to its definition concerns only tissue with extrahyphal gel. This implies that essential information about the location of the gel is ignored. In effect, all three conceptions of textura oblita are reducible to versions of textura porrecta that differ in the location of the gel. Similarly other tissue types can occur in different versions.The author discusses the postulated mechanisms of gel formation in fungal tissues. These concern disintegration of the outer layer(s) of hyphal walls, disintegration of hyphae, and secretion, here linked to exocytosis. There is supposed to be a correlation between the way of gel formation on the one hand, and the structure of the sporocarp and the cell wall in ascomycetes and basidiomycetes on the other hand.To conclude, an emended tissue typology is provided in which the distinguished versions of the six basic tissue types are arranged according to the shape of their cells, the arrangement of their hyphae, the occurrence of thickened cell walls, and the occurrence of extracellular gel.The species name Cyathicula starbaeckii, comb. nov., is validly published here.
The bright and shaded side of duneland life: the photosynthetic response of lichens to seasonal changes is species-specific
Authors: Veres Katalin , Farkas Edit , Csintalan Zsolt 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTerricolous lichens are relevant associates of biological soil crusts in arid and semiarid environments. Dunes are ecosystems of high conservation interest, because of their unique, vulnerable and threatened features. The function of lichens is affected by the changing seasons and different microhabitat conditions. At the same time, inland dunes are less investigated areas from the terricolous lichens point of view. We explored the effect of seasonal variation and different micro-environmental conditions (aspect) on the metabolic activity of five terricolous lichen species, representing various growth forms, in temperate semiarid grasslands. Populations of Cladonia foliacea, C. furcata, C. pyxidata group, Diploschistes muscorum and Thalloidima physaroides were investigated. Thalli sampled from the south-west and north-east facing microhabitats were studied by chlorophyll fluorescence analysis for 2 years. The present study aims to understand how changing climate (during the year) and aspect affect photosynthetic activity and photoprotection. Microclimatic data were also continuously recorded to reveal the background of the difference between microhabitat types. As a result, the air temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, soil temperature and vapour pressure deficit were significantly higher on south-west than on north-east facing microsites, where relative humidity and water content of soil proved to be considerably higher. Higher photosynthetic activity, as well as a higher level of photoprotection, was detected in lichens from north-east-oriented microsites compared with south-west populations. In addition, the difference between sun and shade populations varied seasonally. Since a species-specific response to both aspect and season was detected, we propose to investigate more than one species of different growth forms, to reveal the response of lichens to the changing environment in space and time.
“Women and “Ideal” Women”: The Representation of Women in the Construction Industry
Authors: Norberg Cathrine , Johansson Maria 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIncreased female participation has been highlighted as necessary to fill a labor shortage in the construction industry, but also to promote equality and efficiency. Despite initiatives to recruit women, the industry remains one of the most gender-segregated industries in the world. Increased knowledge about gender has been identified as needed to change the status quo. The aim of this study is to contribute with new insights into gender in construction by exploring how women in the industry are discursively represented, and how they talk about their workplace. It is based on analyses of texts from the web. The search engine WebCorpLive was used to retrieve and sort the material to enable linguistic analysis. The study shows that although the overarching message in the material is that there are many opportunities for women in the industry, closer analysis of it shows that women entering the industry are met with gender-biased attitudes, discrimination and unrealistic demands.