bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate Mouth Wash on Salivary pH and Interleukin-1β Levels among Smokers
Authors: Hamza Syed Ameer , Wahid Arsalan , Afzal Nadeem , Asif Saba , Imran Mian Farrukh , Khurshid Zohaib , Bokhari Syed Akhtar Hussain 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective Smoking induces changes in salivary pH and inflammatory biomarker levels associated with oral diseases. This study examined the effect of alkaline oral rinse to modify this effect of smoking on salivary study parameters.
Materials and Methods A double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) on systemically healthy smokers was conducted. A total of 78 smokers, aged 18 to 40 years, were enrolled as per exclusion/inclusion criteria. An alkaline mouthwash was provided to the intervention group and a placebo to control group. Salivary pH and inflammatory biomarker interleukin (IL)-1β levels were evaluated at baseline and at follow-up (14 ± 2 days).
Statistical Analysis Chi-squared test, independaent t-test, and paired t-test were used to observe the changes in parameters among and between groups before and after intervention using SPSS v16 with a significance level of p≤0.050.
Results Sixty eight salivary samples were analyzed. All study parameters of the study sample were statistically insignificant between both intervention and control groups at baseline. pH level was 6.56 ± 0.53 at baseline and 6.62 ± 0.45 at follow-up in the intervention group; respective values for control group were 6.70 ± 0.36 and 6.83 ± 0.44 and the changes were not significant (p≥0.071). IL-1β level was 9.39 ± 10.23 pg/µL at baseline and 5.40 ± 6.62 pg/µL at a follow-up in the intervention group and the change was significant (p = 0.001); respective values for the control group were 10.63 ± 11.50, and 9.33 ± 11.73 and the difference was nonsignificant (p = 0.076).
Conclusion This randomized trial indicated that sodium bicarbonate mouth rinse is effective in decreasing IL-1β levels and increasing salivary pH favorable for prevention of oral diseases.
Flexural Performance of Direct Resin Composite Restorative Materials Past Expiration Date
Authors: Nagaoka Hiroko , Bishop Susan , Roberts Howard 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective This study' s purpose was to examine the flexural properties of five direct restorative resin composites stored up to 30 months after the expiration date.
Materials and Methods Ambient-stored materials had pre-expiration date baseline flexure strength values as per ISO 4049 (n = 20). All materials were used per manufacturer guidelines, photopolymerized on both sides using a LED-based visible light curing unit, and stored in 0.2M phosphate buffered saline. At 24 hours, specimens were stressed to failure in three-point bend at a 0.5 mm/min cross head speed. Additional samples were made at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, and 30 months past expiration date. Young’s modulus (flexural) was ascertained using the linear slope of the stress-stain curve.
Statistical Analysis The mean data was found to contain a non-normal distribution and irregular variance which was compared using Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s posthoc testing.Also, Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to identify possible similar degradation behavior between products within both flexure strength and modulus determinations. A 95% level of confidence (α = 0.05) was used.
Results Materials maintained similar to baseline flexure strength and modulus for up to 15 months past expiration date with two materials being similar at 30 months. However, clinicians were still advised to follow expiration dates, as resin composite degradation mechanisms are complex and vital constituents might degrade that are not overtly identified by clinical handling characteristics. No dental shelf life standards exist and manufacturers are requested to provide protocol information used in determining shelf life expiration.
A Proposed Plan for Prenatal Care to Minimize Risks of COVID-19 to Patients and Providers: Focus on Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Barton John R. , Saade George R. , Sibai Baha M. 
Published: May 2020

Hypertensive disorders are the most common medical complications of pregnancy and a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and death. The detection of elevated blood pressure during pregnancy is one of the cardinal aspects of optimal antenatal care. With the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the risk for person-to-person spread of the virus, there is a desire to minimize unnecessary visits to health care facilities. Women should be classified as low risk or high risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and adjustments can be accordingly made in the frequency of maternal and fetal surveillance. During this pandemic, all pregnant women should be encouraged to obtain a sphygmomanometer. Patients monitored for hypertension as an outpatient should receive written instructions on the important signs and symptoms of disease progression and provided contact information to report the development of any concern for change in status. As the clinical management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia is the same, assessment of urinary protein is unnecessary in the management once a diagnosis of a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy is made. Pregnant women with suspected hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and signs and symptoms associated with the severe end of the disease spectrum (e.g., headaches, visual symptoms, epigastric pain, and pulmonary edema) should have an evaluation including complete blood count, serum creatinine level, and liver transaminases (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase). Further, if there is any evidence of disease progression or if acute severe hypertension develops, prompt hospitalization is suggested. Current guidelines from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) for management of preeclampsia with severe features suggest delivery after 34 0/7 weeks of gestation. With the outbreak of COVID-19, however, adjustments to this algorithm should be considered including delivery by 30 0/7 weeks of gestation in the setting of preeclampsia with severe features.
Key Points
Comparison of Two Novel Techniques for Iris Centering in Ocular Prosthesis
Authors: Arora Dhananjay , Singla Shefali , Kumar Lalit , Sehgal Komal , Sharma Puneet 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEyes are among the first features of the face to be noticed. Loss of an eye due to congenital, traumatic, or pathologic etiologies causes disfigurement and loss of sensory feedback. It leaves a psychological impact on the patient; thus, prosthesis should be provided at the earliest to raise the spirits of the afflicted. Iris positioning is one of the important steps in fabricating customized ocular prosthesis. In facial asymmetry cases, comparison of both irises together can be a major disadvantage. This case report illustrates the use of a regular eyeglass in one technique and the use of a bioart facebow in the second technique for centering of iris in a customized ocular prosthesis to overcome the disadvantages of earlier used standard techniques (McArthur’s ocular locator and fixed calliper, pupillometer, visual judgement, and graph grid) of iris centering.
Self-interaction error overbinds water clusters but cancels in structural energy differences
Authors: Sharkas Kamal , Wagle Kamal , Santra Biswajit , Akter Sharmin , Zope Rajendra R. , Baruah Tunna , Jackson Koblar A. , Perdew John P. , Peralta Juan E. 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Self-interaction error has long been identified as one of the limitations of practical density functional approximations. This error originates in the inability of approximate density functionals to exactly cancel self-Coulomb and self-exchange–correlation for all one-electron densities. Self-interaction error can be subtracted from an approximate functional on an orbital-by-orbital basis, improving the description of stretched bonds. In this work, we show that, by explicitly removing self-interaction error, the hydrogen bond binding energies of water are also significantly improved. In particular, the self-interaction correction to SCAN improves binding energies and the many-body analysis without altering the correct energy ordering for small water clusters.
Magnetotransport signatures of Weyl physics and discrete scale invariance in the elemental semiconductor tellurium
Authors: Zhang Nan , Zhao Gan , Li Lin , Wang Pengdong , Xie Lin , Cheng Bin , Li Hui , Lin Zhiyong , Xi Chuanying , Ke Jiezun , Yang Ming , He Jiaqing , Sun Zhe , Wang Zhengfei , Zhang Zhenyu , Zeng Changgan 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Recent intensive investigations have revealed unique electronic transport properties in solids hosting Weyl fermions, which were originally proposed in high-energy physics. Up to now, the discovered Weyl systems have been limited to semimetal compounds. Here we demonstrate that the elemental semiconductor tellurium is a Weyl semiconductor, with typical Weyl signatures, including the negative longitudinal magnetoresistance, the planar Hall effect, as well as the intriguing logarithmically periodic magneto-oscillations in the quantum limit regime. Such Weyl semiconductors offer a simple platform for the exploration of novel Weyl physics and topological device applications based on semiconductors and moreover confirm the universality of discrete scale invariance in topological materials.
A genetic framework for regulation and seasonal adaptation of shoot architecture in hybrid aspen
Authors: Maurya Jay P. , Miskolczi Pal C. , Mishra Sanatkumar , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Bhalerao Rishikesh P. 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Control of branching is critical for optimizing growth and adaptation in plants. In contrast with annuals, in perennial plants growing in temperate and boreal regions, branching must be controlled temporally to adapt to seasonal changes. The molecular pathways regulating branching and its adaptation to seasonal changes are not well understood in perennial plants. We identified the genetic network underlying the control of branching and elucidated its role in branching by seasonal cues in model tree hybrid aspen. Our results reveal components mediating photoperiodic control of growth in trees, and conserved branching regulators have been integrated into a genetic network to control branching and facilitate its adaptation to seasonal changes experienced by long-lived perennial plants.
Interpreting for refugees
Authors: Todorova Marija 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter draws on relevant theory in the area
of interpreting, with a particular focus on working with refugees,
supplemented by the real-life experiences of field interpreters
active during two refugee crises in the territory of the Republic of
North Macedonia. Tackling the question of the discrepancy between
the prescribed neutrality of interpreters and their real-life
experience, the article will look at the different modes of work for
interpreters for refugees in emergency situations, especially in
three settings: interpreters as quasi-mediators, shuttle
interpreters, and as agents for empowering the vulnerable. The
analysis draws on aspects of the intersection between translation
theory and mediation theory. In all three modes, it is important to
place emphasis on specialised training to perform interpreters’
particular duties.
Legal translator and interpreter training in languages of lesser
diffusion in Spain
Authors: Blasco Mayor Maria Jesus 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter describes the first continuing
education course on legal translation and interpreting in Spain for
languages of lesser diffusion following guidelines established in EU
projects. The course filled the formative gap for legal translators
and interpreters who can act in police and court proceedings
respecting the due process of law in the region of Valencia (Spain).
In this paper we will analyse the advantages and disadvantages of
the use of the blended format for both instructors and students,
with special emphasis on the difficulties encountered by
professionals in active employment as interpreters of languages of
lesser diffusion in the legal settings, without academic training or
professional accreditation. The results of questionnaires
administered both to instructors and students in order to measure
their satisfaction with the course are presented and discussed so
that they can serve as a guide for improvement in future editions
and for institutions willing to offer such training in the European
Area of Justice.
Communication issues during triage in a paediatric emergency
department
Authors: Foulquié-Rubio Ana Isabel , Beteta-Fernández Dolores 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents the results of a
questionnaire-based study carried out in the paediatric emergency
department of one of the main hospitals in the Region of Murcia
(south-eastern Spain). It explores the perceptions of the triage
nurses who communicate with immigrant children and their families,
and the current solutions being applied to address those
communication needs. The results show that nurses experience mainly
linguistic difficulties when communicating with non-Spanish-speaking
patients and their families, and that informal, ad hoc solutions are
the order of the day.
Medical interpreting as an emerging profession in Hong
Kong
Authors: Leung Ester S.M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Medical Interpreting (MI) as a profession is a
recent development and has previously been implemented in Hong Kong
(HK) on an ad hoc basis. The roles that medical interpreters play in
providing ethnic minorities with equal access to public health
services in Hong Kong is informally widely recognised, yet hardly
discussed in either the academic or public arenas. In 2010, the
Hospital Authority outsourced its medical interpreting services to
social services institutions that developed their own methods for
meeting the growing demand for medical interpreting services. This
provided a research opportunity, which adopted a participatory
action approach to developing medical interpreting training
materials and courses that involved different stakeholders such as
the service providers and the ethnic minority interpreters
themselves. Using Schuster’s
(2013) systematic sociological model of the five
transitional stages of language access in the public sector, this
chapter focuses on the emergence and development of the profession
of medical interpreting in Hong Kong, before turning to a
description of the training programme that was developed utilising
materials based on real-life situations.
Singing for peace
Authors: Hidalgo-Downing Laura , Filardo-Llamas Laura 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores how metaphoric creativity contributes to shaping and recontextualizing ideological and socio-political practices in three songs by U2, “Sunday, Bloody Sunday”, “Please” and “Peace on Earth”. The contextual motivations of metaphoric creativity are analyzed by exploring three main dimensions. Metaphoric creativity is analyzed, first, in the conceptualization of the topic of conflict in Northern Ireland in the lyrics of the three songs. Second, it is analyzed as hinging upon the multimodal interaction of verbal and visual modes in the performance of the song “Please” in a YouTube video. Third, we explore the potentiality for creative recontextualization of the songs, which have been performed to reinterpret other political conflicts and tragic events, starting from the 9/11 attacks.
Metaphorical creativity in political cartoons
Authors: Marín-Arrese Juana I. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to explore the discursive construction of political meaning in cartoons on the present migrant crisis in Europe, and the potential of cartoon discourse for creativity in the use of metaphor and blending. Metaphors, blends and cultural models interact in the representation of events and social actors in cartoons, and the resulting synergistic effect may create meanings which both reflect and reinforce or reshape public opinion (Bergen, 2004; Marín-Arrese, 2008; Forceville, 2009; Schilperoord & Maes, 2009). From a Cognitive Linguistic approach to Critical Discourse Analysis (Charteris-Black, 2006; Hart, 2010; Musolff 2012a), the paper focuses on the use of metaphors and other cognitive mechanisms, and the ways in which political cartoons provide the ideal site for metaphorical creativity as recontextualization (Hidalgo Downing & Kraljevic Mujic, 2013).
Sensory landscapes
Authors: Caballero Rosario 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter describes the ways architects use language to evoke the visual, olfactory, tactile and interactive experiences afforded by buildings. It discusses how architects transfer their perception of space as knowledge, and how this knowledge is communicated by using figurative language in the architectural review genre. The task of reviewers is to translate those experiences into language in a form that readers can understand and, presumably, relate to through their senses, and do so using metaphorical language that combines information from domains other than architecture as well as from the senses. In this regard, the chapter is ultimately concerned with exploring the ways in which metaphor helps shape the sensory landscapes of architects as staged in architectural reviews.
Exploring dynamic developmental trajectories of writing fluency
Authors: Baba Kyoko 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the developmental trajectories of
L2 writing fluency in 105 university students when the same task procedure
was repeatedly used in a classroom setting throughout an academic year. The
students wrote a timed narrative composition in their English L2 along with
reflective writing in their L1 Japanese every week. Individual growth curve
modeling revealed that their writing fluency increased over a year, but the
rate of change varied significantly from person to person. Case analyses of
high- and low-growth performers suggested that the former seemed to benefit
more from task iteration, and actions that showed reflection in
action and a positive attitude toward the task may have
contributed to increased growth.
Investigating complexity in L2 writing with mixed methods
approaches
Authors: Gilmore Alex , Gánem-Gutiérrez Gabriela Adela 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines L2 writing from a complex systems
perspective, viewing text construction as a process operating over multiple,
interconnected timescales and levels. Any attempt to capture the full
complexity of the system needs to be able to identify the different
components in play, the timescales and levels of social organization at
which they operate, the relationships between the components, and how the
components and their relationships change over time. We argue, similarly to
Dörnyei (2009), that mixed
methods research “suits the multi-level analysis of complex issues, because
it allows investigators to obtain data about both the individual and the
broader societal context” (p. 109) and discuss some of the affordances and
challenges of this approach with respect to L2 writing.
The “Long List” in oral interactions
Authors: Dori-Hacohen Gonen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses lists, a neglected structure, to challenge taken-for-granted assumptions about them in oral
interactions. Two such assumptions are: unlike narratives, lists are perceived as centered on the delivery of objective information; and
three-part lists are normative. Using Israeli and U.S.A. radio call-in shows data, this paper discusses the “Long List” – a list with more
than three parts. These lists deliver their speaker’s meaning in a structure resembling stories: a “lister” delivers the “list” in a
“listing” process. Listings may be explicit or implicit and may include evaluative elements. Long Lists might appear in chains, and in the
Israeli data Long Lists demonstrate normative features similar to three-part lists in mundane interactions. Connecting them with their
context, lists are sometimes used to emphasize media biases. The conclusion connects the Long Lists to their speech event and to
poetics.
An undergraduate laboratory experiment to accurately measure the speed of light
Authors: Murray Andrew James 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In 1983 the speed of light was set as an exact quantity. It is now one of the fundamental constants in physics, with the meter being directly related to this speed and the definition of the second. As such, experiments that calculate the speed of light with high precision are important in university undergraduate laboratories. In the experiment discussed here, a method is described that allows the speed of light to be calculated using an apparatus that fits onto a 1 m bench-top. An advantage of this method is that a simple digital voltmeter can be used. This measures the amplitude-modulated output from a laser beam emerging from a multi-pass cell that is mixed with that from a reference beam. The relative phase shift is determined as the modulation frequency changes, allowing the speed of light to be ascertained. Full details of the apparatus and the electronics designed for the experiment are presented.
Swing Reactivity Calculation of Accelerator Driven System Subcritical Reactor 100 MWth
Authors: Sudarmono  , Suwoto  , Rohanda A. , Hastuti EP. , Kasezas Y. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Accelerator driven system (ADS) applied subcritical reactor which can effectively transmute plutonium, minor actinide, and thorium as nuclear waste. In order to lower the amount of nuclear wastes sent to the geological repository, an optimized scattered reloading scheme for ADS is proposed to maximize the discharge burnup and lower the burnup reactivity loss. Accelerator Driven System ( ADS) system lead store duce of the amount of the Pu and Th, so it’s not only can create the addition of energy source, but also high safety reactor. The fuel used in this reactor is obtained from LWR’s spent fuel and thorium - based fuel. The use of thorium-based fuel can lower k-eff of the core and generates U-233, which is a nuclear fuel for critical reactor. Neutron obtained from spallation reaction of Pb-Bi target is placed in the center of the core. This ADS design produces subcritical k-eff during the operation of the reactor and can decrease the amount of fission products of LWR’s spent fuel and produce U-233. The objective of the calculation are criticality as a function of burn up (swing reactivity) in the subcritical assembly fuel. this ADS fuel is originated from UO2 PWR spent fuel with enrichment of 3,4 % and burn up level 64 GWD or 100 MWt for 1825 days calculation of accelerator driven system subcritical reactor 100MWth has been performed. This research d one by using Origen2.1, SRAC2006 and MCNP6 Code. Based on the results swing reactivity of the calculation by using Origen2.1 Code, indicates that Kinf whose value be low subcritical condition (k-eff<1) is Kinf resulted fromTh-232 with percentage from 10% to 5%(as U-238 substitution).the calculation by using SRAC2006 Code indicates that at the beginning of life (BOL), the k-eff of ADS design with 50 cm thickness is 0.9821491 and at the end of life (EOL) k-eff is 0.9396284 and the calculation by using MCNP6 Code. At beginning of life (BOL), the k-eff of ADS design is 0.9847 and the end of life (EOL) is 0.9823.The presence of plutonium and mayor actinides makes k-eff get slightly lower. Arrangement at this ADS model is performed to produce subcritical condition, in which an increase in fuel volume cause k-eff>I.