bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Behavior of Carbonized Polymer Dots at the Nano‐Bio Interface and Their Luminescent Mechanism: A Physical Chemistry Perspective
Authors: Xu Ziqiang , Liu Yi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCarbonized polymer dots (CPDs) have been widely applied in biomedical fields, such as imaging, diagnosis and drug delivery. Since the complex, non‐equilibrated and dynamic nature of biological systems inevitably affect the predesigned properties of CPDs, then efficiency and ultimate outcome of CPDs in biological identity will be transformed by the ubiquitous nano‐bio interactions. Herein, our recent progress about elucidating the behavior of CPDs at nano‐bio interface from the perspective of physical chemistry has been summarized in the review, mainly at the bio‐macromolecular, cellular membrane and cellular levels, which is crucial for characterize their relative cytotoxicity and clinical transformation. Moreover, we mainly focused on the quantitative relationship of nano‐bio interactions between CPDs with biological identity and related thermodynamics parameters during this process is also obtained from advanced isothermal titration calorimetry technique. Finally, our recent study about the photoluminescence origin is also included in this review, which favors modulating the photoluminescence of CPDs.What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?Chemical thermodynamic nature of chemical and biological process.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?In 2003, several articles from Science, Nature and Nature Biotechnology discussed the potential side effects of nanomaterials on the human health and environment. At the same time, Prof. Daiwen Pang developed QDs for biolabling, and I (Prof. Yi Liu) began to pay attention to the effect of QDs on living things. In 2006, we obtained the Innovation Research Groups of NSFC (20621502), and in this project, I was responsible for the biological effect of nanoprobe.How do you keep balance between research and family?90% of my time for research work, and 10% of my time for family things.How do you supervise your students?First, according to the students’ interests, I will give them some new and important papers to read, and then discuss with them about their research field. We will discuss the research progress at any time, and we have seminar every week.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Curiosity, power of understanding.What's your hobbies? What's your favorite book(s)?My hobbies are reading and badminton. My favorite books are Physical Chemistry (Edited by Xiancai Fu) and Organic Chemistry (4th Edited by David Klein).
Synthesis of Novel Nitroxoline Analogs with Potent Cathepsin B Exopeptidase Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Van de Walle Tim , Briand Marina , Mitrović Ana , Sosič Izidor , Gobec Stanislav , Kos Janko , Persoons Leentje , Daelemans Dirk , De Jonghe Steven , Ubiparip Zorica , Desmet Tom , Van Hecke Kristof , Mangelinckx Sven , D'hooghe Matthias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNitroxoline, a well‐known antimicrobial agent, has been identified in several independent studies, and on different molecular targets, as a promising candidate to be repurposed for cancer treatment. One specific target of interest concerns cathepsin B, a lysosomal peptidase involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to tumor invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. However, dedicated optimization of the nitroxoline core is needed to actually deliver a nitroxoline‐based antitumor drug candidate. Within that context, 34 novel nitroxoline analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their relative cathepsin B inhibitory activity, their antiproliferative properties and their antimicrobial activity. More than twenty analogs were shown to exert a similar or even slightly higher cathepsin B inhibitory activity compared to nitroxoline. The implemented modifications of the nitroxoline scaffold and the resulting SAR information can form an eligible basis for further optimization toward more potent cathepsin B inhibitors in the quest for a clinical nitroxoline‐based antitumor agent.
Recent Progress in Vibropolaritonic Chemistry
Authors: Hirai Kenji , Hutchison James A. , Uji‐i Hiroshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVibrational polaritonic chemistry is emerging as an exciting new sub‐field of chemistry, one in which strong interactions with optical cavity vacuum fields are another degree of freedom alongside temperature, solvent, catalyst, and so on to modify thermochemical reactivity. The field stands at a fascinating juncture with experimental works on a variety of organic reactions continuing to blossom, just as many theoretical works appear which diverge significantly in their predictions compared to experiments. The outlook for the field is no doubt an exciting one as it seeks to unify the observed novel optical cavity‐induced chemical phenomena with satisfying accompanying physical theory. In this minireview we highlight experimental works on vibrational polaritonic chemistry that have appeared most recently, focusing on the chemistry of the rate‐limiting steps to provide mechanistic insight. We hope this review will encourage synthetic chemists to enter the field and we discuss the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead as polaritonic chemistry grows into the future.
Deriving Keratinocyte Progenitor Cells and Keratinocytes from Human‐Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Ibrahim Michel R. , Medhat Walid , El‐Fakahany Hasan , Abdel‐Raouf Hamza , Snyder Evan Y. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSkin or hair loss (alopecia) may occur due to a wide variety of causes ranging from trauma to pathological processes including acquired or congenital causes. It would be ideal to replace them with immunologically compatible cells to avoid potentially exacerbating the condition. Deriving the replacement cells from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) allows for sufficient scale up and using hiPSCs as the choice of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) will ensure immunocompatibility. Here we offer a protocol for differentiating hiPSCs into keratinocyte progenitor cells (KPC) and keratinocytes employing all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) andL‐ascorbic acid, (L‐AA), bone morphogenic protein‐4 (BMP4), and epidermal growth factor (EGF). We observed that the hiPSC‐derived KPCs express the same panel of markers as primary hair follicle bulge stem cells (HFBSCs), including CD200, integrin α‐6 (ITGA6), integrin β‐1 (ITGB1), the transcription factor P63, keratin 15 (KRT15), and keratin 19 (KRT19). If permitted to differentiate further, the hiPSC‐derived KPC lose CD200 expression and rather come to express keratin 14 (KRT14) indicating emergence of more mature terminally‐differentiated keratinocytes. The HFBSCs are transplantable for hair follicle (HF) restoration, and the keratinocytes may be transplantable for therapy for large burns or ulcers. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Reprogramming of normal human skin fibroblasts into normal hiPSCs using episomal DNA cocktailBasic Protocol 2: Differentiation of hiPSCs into KPCs and keratinocytesAlternate Protocol 2: EBS formation protocol using AggreWell™ plates (Antonchuk, 2013)Support Protocol 1: Passage hiPSC‐KPCSupport Protocol 2: Immunocytochemistry (ICC)Support Protocol 3: Immunofluorescence staining of cells for flow cytometry (FC)
Sink selection and clustering using fuzzy‐based controller for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Shahidinejad Ali , Barshandeh Saeid 
Published: August 2020

SummaryApplying multiple sink nodes in a large‐scale wireless sensor networks (WSN) can increase the scalability and lifetime of the network. The current sink selection mechanisms assume an unlimited amount of buffer and bandwidth for the sink nodes. This can be problematic in real‐world applications, especially when many cluster heads select a specific sink node and send their data to the sink at the same time. In this situation, the sink node may not have enough buffer to receive and process data; consequently, some packets are dropped. To mitigate these occasions, a fuzzy‐based controller with reduced rules is proposed for sink selection by considering the capacity of the sink nodes. The capacity of the sink nodes is estimated using the long short‐term memory (LSTM) technique. Then another fuzzy‐based controller with reduced rules is designed to select the cluster head. The fuzzy rules are reduced by employing R‐implications method. Reducing the number of fuzzy rules decreases the complexity of the fuzzy controllers. The results show the efficiency of the proposed sink selection and clustering techniques in terms of consumed energy, remaining energy, first node dead (FND), half nodes dead (HND), last node dead (LND), packet loss, and delay.
Internet‐of‐Things‐Infrastructure‐as‐a‐Service: The democratization of access to public Internet‐of‐Things Infrastructure
Authors: Ilyas Muhammad Usman , Ahmad Muneeb , Saleem Sajid 
Published: August 2020

SummaryWe propose a new cloud service model called Internet‐of‐Things (IoT)‐Infrastructure‐as‐a‐Service (IoT‐IaaS). Under an IoT‐IaaS, an IaaS cloud service provider can go beyond offering IoT data streams and offer access to IoT infrastructure to users, the same way data center infrastructure is shared in the IaaS model. We developed a reference design for the proposed IoT‐IaaS cloud service model, built from open source components. We demonstrate the proposed reference design in the form of a virtualized‐IoT (vIoT) testbed. The vIoT testbed uses the OpenStack cloud management system and Raspberry Pi embedded computers (standing in for IoT devices) configured as Nova‐compute nodes and LXD containers. We also developed a simple mechanism for shared access to high data rate sensors (a camera) and low data rate sensors (temperature‐humidity) by multiple tenants. We tested the performance of container launch times, memory access (with and without ZRAM optimization kernel module enabled), CPU, and file I/O for applications running inside Linux containers and compared it with the same performance when running on the Raspberry Pi's host OS. We conclude that there is no significant performance penalty for executing the edge component of an IoT application inside a Linux container, rather than directly on the device's host OS.
Beam‐aware energy harvesting discontinuous reception in machine‐to‐machine millimeter‐wave 5G communications
Authors: Philip Ninu Rachel , Balakrishnan Malarkodi 
Published: August 2020

SummaryMachine‐to‐machine (M2M) communication interconnects a large number of machines to exchange information in a network. These battery operated devices exhaust their energy after continuous usage for a long period of time. Discontinuous reception (DRX) standardized by the third generation partnership project (3GPP) is an efficient power saving protocol used in wireless networks. The power saving achieved by the DRX mechanism is often compromised with the ensuing buffering delay suffered by the packets. DRX mechanism with energy harvesting improves the performance of the M2M devices by exploiting the extra sleep cycles yielded by the harvested energy. However, the operation of the energy harvesting‐DRX (EH‐DRX) in the fifth generation (5G) millimeter‐wave (mm‐wave) systems with beamforming results in poor performance metrics. Beamforming is used in 5G mm‐wave networks for a base station to communicate with a group of devices situated in a particular direction. In this paper, an analytical model is devised by merging a beam‐aware mechanism with the EH‐DRX in the M2M mm‐wave 5G networks to improve the energy efficiency. As a result, the power saving at the user equipment (UE)/M2M device is enhanced by 16% by the proposed method compared with the original EH‐DRX mechanism.
High risk of malignancy in cases with atypia of undetermined significance on fine needle aspiration of thyroid nodules even after exclusion of NIFTP
Authors: Özkara Sevgiye Kaçar , Bayrak Büşra Yaprak , Turan Gupse 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundFine needle aspiration cytopathology (FNAC) is the most reliable tool for evaluating thyroid nodules. However, diagnosing Bethesda category III, atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), is a major limitation.The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of malignancy (RoM) in AUS/FLUS nodules. A systematic review was also carried out analyzing the largest series.MethodsTotally 1750 cases (9%) diagnosed with AUS/FLUS were evaluated retrospectively out of 19 392 cases within last 13 years. All patients undergoing surgery for AUS/FLUS were included into the study. Histopathology results were correlated; the impact of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) diagnosis on RoM is evaluated.ResultsOf the 280 patients (16%) undergoing surgery, neoplasia were detected in 177 (RoN:63.2%) and malignancy in 119 (RoM:42.5%) of these neoplasia. Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) was the commonest malignancy (55.5%). Additional 58 (20.7%) nodules were neoplastic, of which 26 (9.3%) were encapsulated follicular tumors with unknown malignancy potential (FT‐UMP) and 32 (11.4%) were follicular adenomas. The remaining 103 patients (36.8%) had non‐neoplastic nodules. After reevaluation of the encapsulated FVPTC cases, 20 of them were NIFTP and RoM dropped to 35.4% with a relative decrease of 16.7% and an absolute decrease of 7.1%.ConclusionIn our series, 42.5% of nodules with AUS/FLUS were malignant; 63.2% of them were neoplastic. The RoM and RoN for AUS/FLUS nodules are still much higher than the revised expected RoM of international guidelines even after NIFTP cases excluded. Therefore, current recommendations should be reevaluated periodically in view of detailed clinicopathologic studies.
Host nutrition mediates interactions between plant viruses, altering transmission and predicted disease spread
Authors: Kendig Amy E. , Borer Elizabeth T. , Boak Emily N. , Picard Tashina C. , Seabloom Eric W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInteractions among co‐infecting pathogens are common across host taxa and can affect infectious disease dynamics. Host nutrition can mediate these among‐pathogen interactions, altering the establishment and growth of pathogens within hosts. It is unclear, however, how nutrition‐mediated among‐pathogen interactions affect transmission and the spread of disease through populations. We manipulated the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supplies to oat plants in growth chambers and evaluated interactions between two aphid‐vectored Barley and Cereal Yellow Dwarf Viruses: PAV and RPV. We quantified the effect of each virus on the other’s establishment, within‐plant density, and transmission. Co‐inoculation significantly increased PAV density when N and P supplies were low and tended to increase RPV density when N supply was high. Co‐infection increased PAV transmission when N and P supplies were low and tended to increase RPV transmission when N supply was high. Despite the parallels between the effects of among‐pathogen interactions on density and transmission, changes in virus density only partially explained changes in transmission, suggesting that virus density‐independent processes contribute to transmission. A mathematical model describing the spread of two viruses through a plant population, parameterized with empirically derived transmission values, demonstrated that nutrition‐mediated among‐pathogen interactions could affect disease spread. Interactions that altered transmission through virus density‐independent processes determined overall disease dynamics. Our work suggests that host nutrition alters disease spread through among‐pathogen interactions that modify transmission.
Erosion, transport and deposition of a sediment replenishment under flood conditions
Authors: Stähly Severin , Franca Mário J. , Robinson Christopher T. , Schleiss Anton J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRiver reaches downstream of dams with constant residual discharge often lack sediment supply and periodic high flows due to dam sediment retention and flow regulation, respectively. To test a novel multi‐deposit methodology for defining environmental flows for activating the dynamics of the river morphology downstream of dams, a flood was released from Rossens Dam in Switzerland. This event was combined for the first time with a multi‐deposit configuration of sediment replenishment consisting of four artificial deposits allocated as alternate bars along the riverbanks as a restoration measure. To validate the sediment transport behaviour observed in laboratory tests, stones were equipped with radiofrequency identification (RFID) passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, a fixed antenna was installed at the river bed and a mobile antenna was used to enable the investigation of the erosion, transport and deposition of replenished sediments. The duration of the erosion period was determined for the tracked stones, and average transport velocities were found to be on the order of 10–3 m/s. To estimate the erosion efficiency of the flood, defined as the eroded tagged stones compared with the released water volume, the hydrograph was divided into different periods: rising limb, constant peak discharge, decreasing limb. During the rising limb of the flood, which lasted for 20% of the total flood duration, more than 40% of the PIT tags were transported. The defined erosion efficiency is a measure to support the hydrographic design of artificial flood releases from dams. The deposition of tagged stones resulted in a repeating cluster formation, as expected from previous laboratory experiments, creating an increase in hydraulic habitat diversity. Comparison of the results obtained in the field and from laboratory experiments confirmed the robustness of the multi‐deposit sediment replenishment method. Combined with the knowledge gained on the erosion efficiency, these results could motivate further applications and research into multi‐deposit sediment replenishment techniques as a habitat‐oriented river restoration measure. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intelligent intrusion detection system in smart grid using computational intelligence and machine learning
Authors: Khan Suleman , Kifayat Kashif , Kashif Bashir Ali , Gurtov Andrei , Hassan Mehdi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSmart grid systems enhanced the capability of traditional power networks while being vulnerable to different types of cyber‐attacks. These vulnerabilities could cause attackers to crash into the network breaching the integrity and confidentiality of the smart grid systems. Therefore, an intrusion detection system (IDS) becomes an important way to provide a secure and reliable services in a smart grid environment. This article proposes a feature‐based IDS for smart grid systems. The proposed system performance is evaluated in terms of accuracy, intrusion detection rate (DR), and false alarm rate (FAR). The obtained results show that the random forest and neural network classifiers have outperformed other classifiers. We have achieved a 0.5% FAR on KDD99 dataset and a 0.08% FAR on the NSLKDD dataset. The DR and the testing accuracy on average are 99% for both datasets.
Mid- and High-Engagement Programs to Develop Future Fisheries Management Professionals’ Skills
Authors: Triezenberg Heather A , Doberneck Diane , Campa Henry , Taylor William W 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aquatic science and fisheries degree granting institutions prepare graduates for science, policy, management, and Extension positions across the nation. Increasingly, new graduates are asked to translate their research for diverse audiences but often have received little preparation about outreach, engagement, or science communications during their graduate education. We describe two professional development programs designed to prepare future professionals to integrate technical and scientific expertise with the professional skills necessary for effective public engagement. Both programs addressed competencies in community partnerships, engagement with diverse stakeholders, facilitative leadership, collaboration techniques, communication skills, and career pathway exploration. Evaluation revealed an increase in Self-reported awareness and competencies, career interests in outreach, Extension, engagement, and communications alongside research interests, and intention to list the programs on their résumé/curriculum vitae. Enhancing skills in public engagement benefits society and scientists by preparing them for the range of roles and people they will interact with throughout their career.
Plant‐based proteinaceous snacks: Effect of fermentation and ultrasonication on end‐product characteristics
Authors: Gunasekaran Yasaswini Kooniambedu , Lele Vita , Sakiene Vytaute , Zavistanaviciute Paulina , Zokaityte Egle , Klupsaite Dovile , Bartkevics Vadims , Guiné Raquel P. F. , Bartkiene Elena 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe study aimed at the development of a sufficient technology to improve sensory, textural, physical, and microbiological properties of peas snacks (Ps) using solid‐state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SMF) with two different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains (Lactobacillus casei LUHS210 and Lactobacillus uvarum LUHS245) for 24 hr and ultrasonication (10, 20, and 30 min). To ensure safety of the used technologies, microbiological characteristics and biogenic amines (BAs) content in treated Ps were analyzed. Additionally, a different salt content (3.6 and 1.0 g/100 g) was used for snacks preparation. The obtained results revealed that used treatments reduced enterobacteria in Ps, while in fermented Ps, yeast/moulds were not found. Ps with the lower salt content were more acidic and harder (0.90 mJ), and there was a significant effect (p < .05) due to the fermentation method, LAB strains, and ultrasonication on the texture of final product. Different salt content significantly affected the color coordinates of the Ps tested (p < .05). The predominant biogenic amines in Ps were phenylethylamine and spermidine. However, the reduction of some BAs after samples fermentation was observed. To conclude, acceptable formulations of Ps can be obtained with 1.0 g/100 g salt, and by using fermentation, as the end‐product is more attractive to consumers than those prepared with 3.6 g/100 g salt and using ultrasonication.
45% Cell Efficiency in DMFCs via Process Engineering
Authors: Glüsen A. , Müller M. , Stolten D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMethanol is a convenient liquid fuel for fuel cells, but is not converted as efficiently into electrical energy as hydrogen. This is due to the slower reaction of methanol at the anode as well as to methanol permeation.When optimizing the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) process, methanol concentration and flow rate, current density and air flow rate must also be taken into account. A high methanol concentration facilitates dynamic operation up to high current densities, but also leads to high methanol permeation. The air flow rate must be adjusted so that the cooling effect of evaporating water is balanced by the heat produced in the cell. Therefore, a cell with low permeation must be operated at low air flow rates to achieve autothermal operation at elevated temperatures, which can in turn reduce cell performance. For each current density, there is an optimum amount of methanol feed.In this paper, we show how these effects have to be balanced using air‐flow rates calculated to ensure thermal equilibrium. It is possible to achieve electrical cell efficiencies of up to 44% in a self‐heating DMFC. Another small increase in efficiency can be achieved by using humidified air at the cathode.