bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructure and histochemistry of the male reproductive system of the genus Callinectes Stimpson, 1860 (Brachyura: Portunidae)
Authors: Watanabe Timoteo T. , Nascimento Fabiana A. , Mantelatto Fernando L. , Zara Fernando J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe described the ultrastructure and histochemistry of the reproductive system of five Callinectes species, and evaluate the seasonal variation in weight of the reproductive system and hepatopancreas by comparing annual changes of somatic indices. The somatic indices changed little throughout the year. In Callinectes, spermatogenesis occurs inside the lobular testes and, within each lobule, the cells are at the same developmental stage. Spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis follow the same development pattern in all Callinectes studied. Mature spermatozoa are released into the seminiferous ducts through the collecting ducts. Cells of the vas deferens are secretory as evidenced by rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and secretory vesicles that produce the seminal fluid. The anterior vas deferens shows two portions: proximal and distal. In proximal portion (AVDp), spermatozoa are clustered and embedded in an electron‐dense, basophilic glycoproteinaceous secretion Type I. In the distal portion (AVDd), the spermatophore wall is formed by incorporation of a less electron‐dense glycoproteinaceous secretion Type II. The secretion Type I change to an acid polysaccharide‐rich matrix that separates the spermatophores from each other. The median vas deferens (MVD) stores the spermatophores and produces the granular glycoproteinaceous seminal fluid. The posterior vas deferens (PVD) has few spermatophores. Its epithelium has many mitochondria and the PVD seminal fluid changes into a liquid and homogeneous glycoprotein. Many outpocketings in the PVD and MVD help to increase the fluid production. Overall, the reproductive pattern of Callinectes is similar to other species that produce sperm plugs. The secretions of AVD, MVD, and PVD are responsible for the polymerization that forms the solid, waxy plug in the seminal receptacle. The traits identified here are common to all Portunidae species studied so far.
MRITexture‐Based Models for Predicting Mitotic Index and Risk Classification of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Yang Linsha , Zheng Tao , Dong Yanchao , Wang Zhanqiu , Liu Defeng , Du Juan , Wu Shuo , Shi Qinglei , Liu Lanxiang 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundTreatment regimens and prognoses of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are quite different for tumors in different risk categories. Accurate preoperative grading of tumors is important for avoiding under‐ or overtreatment.PurposeTo develop and validate an MRI texture‐based model to predict the mitotic index and its risk classification.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationNinety‐one patients with histologically‐confirmed GIST; 64 patients in a training cohort, and 27 patients in a test cohort.Field Strength/SequenceT2‐weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast‐enhanced three‐dimensional volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination (3D‐VIBE) at 1.5T.AssessmentGIST images were manually segmented by two independent radiologists using ITK‐SNAP software and MRI features were extracted using Pyradiomics. Two pathologists reviewed the tissue specimens of the tumors to identify the mitotic index and risk classification in consensus.Statistical TestsThe least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method was used to select texture features. A logistic regression model was established based on the radiomic score (radscore), tumor location, and maximum diameter to predict tumor classification and develop a nomogram. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the ability of the nomogram to distinguish between two tumors with different risk classifications, and a calibration curve was used to evaluate the consistency between the predicted risk and the actual risk.ResultsThe texture signature achieved high efficacy in predicting the mitotic index area under the curve ([AUC], 0.906; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.813, 0.961). A nomogram for prediction of the risk classification of GIST, which incorporated this texture signature together with maximum tumor diameter and location, allowed good discrimination in the training cohort (AUC, 0.878; 95% CI: 0.769, 0.960) and the validation cohort (AUC, 0.903; 95% CI: 0.732, 0.922).Data ConclusionThe texture‐based model can be used to predict GIST mitotic index and risk classification preoperatively.Level of Evidence2.Technical Efficacy Stage3
A 5‐year study of dengue seropositivity among suspected cases attending a teaching hospital of North‐Western region of India
Authors: Kalita Jitu M. , Aggarwal Alisha , Yedale Kavita , Gadepalli Ravisekhar , Nag Vijaya L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDengue virus infection is estimated to cause infection in approximately 390 million people globally each year, of which 96 million develop clinical disease. Dengue serotype 2 (DEN‐2) is the most prevalent serotype over the past 50 years in India, but serotypes 3 and 4 have appeared in some epidemics as well. A retrospective study was conducted in a teaching hospital, western India, between January 2014 and December 2018. The records of dengue serological test were analyzed. In total, 40 randomly selected nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen‐positive samples were analyzed by a reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The demographic data, that is, age and sex, along with geographic location and platelet count level, were recorded from the Serology laboratory register and Hospital Information System. In total, 14.85% (735/4948) samples tested positive for dengue serology. Most of the laboratory‐confirmed dengue cases, 34.97% (257/735), were observed in the 21–30 years of age group. The most common serotype detected in the tested samples was DEN‐3 in 55% cases (22/40, 13 monoinfection and 9 coinfection with DEN‐1 and DEN‐2). The present study gives an insight into the trend of dengue seropositivity among suspected cases in the western part of Rajasthan, India. This study showed a higher seroprevalence of dengue infection as well as a gradual increase in the seroprevalence in this part of India.
Exploratory data science for discovery and ex‐ante assessment of operational policies: Insights from vehicle sharing
Authors: Brandt Tobias , Dlugosch Oliver 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe proliferation of mobile devices and the emergence of the Internet of Things are leading to an unprecedented availability of operational data. In this article, we study how leveraging this data in conjunction with data science methods can help researchers and practitioners in the development and evaluation of new operational policies. Specifically, we introduce a two‐stage framework for exploratory data science consisting of a policy identification stage and an ex‐ante policy assessment stage. We apply the framework to the context of free‐floating carsharing—a novel mobility service that is an example of data‐rich smart city services. Through data exploration, we identify a novel preventive user‐based relocation policy and provide an ex‐ante assessment regarding the feasibility of its implementation. We discuss practical implications of our approach and results for shared‐mobility providers as well as the relationship between data science and operations management research.
Neuromodulators for Atypical Facial Pain and Neuralgias: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Do Triet M. , Unis Graham D. , Kattar Nrusheel , Ananth Ashwin , McCoul Edward D. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of neuromodulating agents for the management of atypical facial pain and primary facial neuralgias.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for original research articles that examine the effectiveness and adverse reactions of pharmacologic therapy for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and atypical facial pain. Studies that included surgical interventions for atypical facial pain or facial pain secondary to other causes were excluded. Meta‐analysis was conducted for reductions in symptom scores and adverse effects.ResultsOf 3,409 articles screened, 73 full‐text articles were included, consisting of 45 observational studies and 29 randomized controlled trials. Twenty‐four different pharmacological agents were assessed; carbamazepine was the most frequently studied while botulinum toxin A demonstrated the highest consistency in reduction of symptom scores. Pooled estimate of three randomized controlled trials revealed that patients with trigeminal neuralgia who received botulinum toxin A had higher odds (odds ratio 7.46; 95% CI 3.53–15.78) of achieving a ≥50% reduction in visual analogue scale scores compared to controls. Pooled estimate of 15 observational studies showed that three‐fourths of patients with trigeminal neuralgia who received carbamazepine experienced clinically significant pain reduction (prevalence proportion 0.75; 95% CI 0.66–0.83).ConclusionsPatients receiving botulinum toxin A for trigeminal neuralgia had higher odds of achieving ≥50% reduction in pain scores. A significant proportion of patients with trigeminal neuralgia experienced positive response to carbamazepine. There was moderate evidence for amitriptyline in patients with atypical facial pain. Standardization of outcome reporting would facilitate future quantitative comparisons of therapeutic effectiveness. Laryngoscope, 131:1235–1253, 2021
On the in vivo origin of human nasal mesenchymal stem cell cultures
Authors: Choi Rhea , Goncalves Stefania , Durante Michael A. , Goldstein Bradley J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), classically expanded in culture from bone marrow, are of broad interest to the regenerative medicine community. Human nasal turbinate mesenchymal‐like stem cell cultures have also been described, defined by an in vitro phenotype similar to bone marrow MSCs. Nonetheless, the identity in vivo of the cells that give rise to nasal MSC‐like cultures remains unclear, and these cells are often suggested to be related to olfactory lineages. Here, we sought to define the in vivo phenotype of human nasal MSC‐like cells.MethodsHuman turbinate tissue samples were used for RNA and immunohistochemical analysis. We also analyzed a recently published single cell RNA‐sequencing dataset from adult human olfactory and respiratory mucosa samples from our lab, to focus on cell populations expressing MSC markers. Immunochemistry was performed to stain turbinate sections and nasal MSC cultures for selected markers.ResultsWhile there is no single MSC‐specific gene, we identified a human nasal mucosal cell population in vivo that uniquely expressed transcripts characteristic of typical MSC cultures, including ENG (CD105), NES, and CD34, and lacked expression of other transcripts associated with surface epithelia. The expression of transcription factors such as SOX17, EBF1, and FOXP1 suggests cells in the MSC‐like cluster maintain an ability to direct cell fate, consistent with the behavior of nasal MSC‐like cells in vitro. SOX17 was found to be uniformly expressed by nasal MSC cultures, consistent with the in vivo data. Immunohistochemistry of human nasal tissue samples indicated that ENG, CD34, and SOX17 expression localized selectively to cells surrounding blood vessels in the lamina propria.ConclusionOur findings provide evidence that the in vivo origin of nasal MSC‐like cultures is likely a vascular or pericyte population, rather than cells related to the olfactory neuronal lineage.Level of evidenceNA.
One size does not fit all: Insights for engagingfront‐lineclinicians in pragmatic clinical trials
Authors: Tambor Ellen , Moloney Rachael , Greene Sarah M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionDespite the proliferation of pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) conducted in health care delivery settings, we know relatively little about how practicing clinicians perceive their potential roles in such research. Empirical evidence and practical guidance concerning clinician engagement in research is needed to inform the design and successful implementation of PCTs.MethodsWe conducted a two‐phase qualitative study to better understand how and to what extent practicing clinicians should be involved in PCTs and to develop guidance for researchers on engaging front‐line clinicians in PCTs. In phase one, clinicians who spend the majority of their time providing direct patient care participated in 90‐min focus groups. In phase two, we conducted key informant interviews with PCT research teams and clinicians participating in the ADAPTABLE (Aspirin Dosing: A Patient‐centric Trial Assessing Benefits and Long‐Term Effectiveness) trial.ResultsThirty‐four physicians, nurses, and other care providers from four health care delivery organizations participated in focus groups. Focus group participants stressed the importance of engaging clinicians early in the PCT planning process to identify clinically relevant study questions, provide input on study design, and customize study protocols to fit unique clinic workflows. We conducted 18 interviews with principal investigators, project managers, and clinicians involved in the ADAPTABLE trial across six clinical data research networks. Study team members described trying multiple approaches to optimize in‐clinic recruitment and enrollment of eligible patients. Successful strategies involved several key factors related to research team interactions with eligible patients, clinicians, and clinic staff.ConclusionsMore active involvement by a range of clinical stakeholders in PCT planning may help researchers avoid common barriers to trial implementation. We propose a “medium‐touch” approach to involving clinicians in PCT recruitment and enrollment that focuses clinician effort where it is most critical—to reassure eligible patients that trial participation is a safe alternative for them.
Lipase‐Catalyzed Reactive Extrusion: Copolymerization of ε‐Caprolactone and ω‐Pentadecalactone
Authors: Li Changcun , Xu Weijian , Lu Yanbing , Gross Richard A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study assesses the use of immobilized lipase catalyst N435 during reactive extrusion (REX) versus magnetically stirred bulk and solution reaction conditions for the copolymerization of ε‐caprolactone with ω‐pentadecalactone (CL/PDL 1:1 molar). N435‐catalyzed REX for reaction times from 1 to 3 h results in total %‐monomer conversion, Mn, and Đ values increase from 92.7% to 98.8%, 36.1 to 51.3 kDa, and 1.85 to 1.96, respectively. Diad fraction analysis by quantitative 13C NMR reveals that, after just 1 h, rapid N435‐catalyzed transesterification reactions occur that give random copolyesters. In contrast, for bulk polymerization with magnetic stirring in round bottom flasks, reaction times from 1 to 3 h result in the following: Mn increases from 12.4 to 25.6 kDa, Đ decreases from 2.98 to 1.87, and the randomness index increases from 0.74 and 0.86 as PDL*–PDL diads are dominant. These results highlight that REX avoids problems associated with internal batch mixing that are encountered in bulk polymerizations. In sharp contrast to a previous study of 1:1 molar PDL/δ‐valerolactone (VL) copolymerizations by N435‐catalyzed REX, VL %‐conversion increases to just 40.1% in 1 h whereas CL reaches 94.7%.
Influence of Various Sol–Gel Parameters on the Physico‐Chemical Properties of Sulfuric Acid Chelated Zirconia Aerogels Dried at Ambient Pressure
Authors: Bangi Uzma K. H. , Patil Bhushan , Pawar Rajendra C. , Park Hyung‐Ho 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work represents the influence of various sol–gel parameters on the physico‐chemical properties of sulfuric acid chelated zirconia aerogels dried at ambient pressure. The sol–gel parameters such as concentrations of precursor, chelating agent and catalyst are found to be the dominant factors which influence the physical, chemical and textural properties of the aerogels. Therefore, the influence of concentration of Zr precursor, ZrPr:H2SO4 molar ratio and ZrPr:H2O molar ratio on these properties of zirconia aerogels is studied. Zirconia lacogels are formed by the hydrolysis and condensation of zirconium n‐propoxide in n‐propanol chelated with sulfuric acid (18.4 M) and catalyzed with deionized water. Aerogels are obtained by subsequent solvent exchange, silylation, washing and ambient pressure drying. The physico‐chemical properties of as synthesized zirconia aerogels are carried out using FESEM, EDS, BET analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The good quality zirconia aerogels are obtained using the molar ratio of ZrPr:PrOH:H2SO4:H2O:HMDZ::1:2.93:1.18:1.77:0.59. They possess the density of 0.54 g cm‐3, BET surface area of 328 m2 g‐1 and micropore volume of 0.028 cm3 g‐1. These aerogels can be applied as heterogeneous catalysts in many fields.
Determination of Mass Attenuation Coefficient for some Technetium‐99m Compounds
Authors: Manjunath A. , Ashwini A. , Kerur B. R. , Pushpanjali G. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMass attenuation is a measure of the average number of interaction between incident photons and the matter that occur in a given mass per unit area thickness of the substance. Hence, the importance of mass attenuation coefficient is found in different fields viz., radiation shielding, medical fields, aeronautical engineering, photon transport, space research, military, security checking purposes (most important now‐a‐days), and research and development, etc. Hence, in view of the above applications this mass attenuation coefficient is estimated by WinXCom program which is the successor of program Xcom for the technetium‐99m compounds such as mebrofenin, disofenin, lidofenin, bisicate, and exametazime for the photon energy range from 8 to 32 keV.
Preparation of Superhydrophobic Coating Using Silica–PMMA Nanocomposite
Authors: Jadhavar Sonali B. , Sutar Rajaram S. , Latthe Sanjay S. , Vhatkar R. S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLotus leaf shows high water repellency due to its hierarchical rough structure and thin layer of low surface energy material on it. In this work, superhydrophobic coatings are prepared by silica‐polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) nanocomposite on a glass substrate using a cost effective and simple dip‐coating method. The superhydrophobicity of the coatings is controlled by varying the concentration of PMMA in the nanocomposite. At optimum concentration of PMMA, coating shows water contact angle of 155 ± 3° with a rolling angle of 7° as a result of development of rough microstructure. The stability of the coatings is examined by finger wiping, water jet impact, and adhesive tape test. These superhydrophobic coatings can be used in various industrial applications.
The Pathophysiological Correlates of Parkinson's Disease Clinical Subtypes
Authors: Belvisi Daniele , Fabbrini Andrea , De Bartolo Maria Ilenia , Costanzo Matteo , Manzo Nicoletta , Fabbrini Giovanni , Defazio Giovanni , Conte Antonella , Berardelli Alfredo 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundPossible pathophysiological mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease (PD) clinical subtypes are unknown. The objective of this study was to identify pathophysiological substrate of PD subtypes using neurophysiological techniques.MethodsOne hundred de novo PD patients participated. We collected patient demographic and clinical data, which were used to perform a hierarchical cluster analysis. The neurophysiological assessment tested primary motor cortex excitability and plasticity using transcranial magnetic stimulation. To evaluate motor performance, we performed a kinematic analysis of fast index finger abduction. To investigate sensory function and sensorimotor mechanisms, we measured the somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold at rest and during movement, respectively.ResultsHierarchical cluster analysis identified 2 clinical clusters. Cluster I (“mild motor‐predominant”) included patients who had milder motor and nonmotor symptoms severity than cluster II patients, who had a combination of severe motor and nonmotor manifestations (diffuse malignant). We observed that the diffuse malignant subtype had increased cortical excitability and reduced plasticity compared with the mild motor‐predominant subtype. Kinematic analysis of motor performance demonstrated that the diffuse malignant subtype was significantly slower than the mild motor‐predominant subtype. Conversely, we did not observe any significant differences in sensory function or sensorimotor integration between the two PD subtypes.ConclusionsDe novo PD subtypes showed different patterns of motor system dysfunction, whereas sensory function and sensorimotor integration mechanisms did not differ between subtypes. Our findings suggest that the subtyping of PD patients is not a mere clinical classification but reflects different pathophysiological mechanisms. Neurophysiological parameters may represent promising biomarkers to evaluate PD subtypes and their progression. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Biocompatible hydrogel ostomy adhesive
Authors: Pan William , Matsuda Beverly , Yuk Hyunwoo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOstomies are digestive and excretory surgeries where waste is redirected to the outside of the abdomen, requiring a bag to catch excretion. Current methods use adhesives to create adhesion for 24‐h usage of the ostomy bag. However, current adhesives are weak and unstable, and often lead to leakages of ostomy effluents resulting in various clinical complications including irritant dermatitis and infection. Due to these challenges, no commercially available product provides strong enough adhesion nor mechanical softness to prevent skin damage from ostomy leaks. In this work, we introduce a hydrogel ostomy adhesive (HOA) made from a tough double‐network hydrogel based on polyacrylamide and sodium alginate that strongly adheres onto the skin for over 24 h and prevents leaks by maintaining fluid‐tight sealing against regular bodily movements. The adhesion of HOA to abdominal skin is achieved by the topological adhesion formed by a biopolymer chitosan solution. The HOA’s robust adhesion of an ostomy bag is demonstrated on ex vivo porcine skin and in vivo human skin and is compared with existing commercially available ostomy bag adhesives.
De novo variants in WDR45 underlie beta‐propeller protein‐associated neurodegeneration in five independent families
Authors: Tang Xiaojun , Lan Xiaoping , Song Xiaozhen , Xu Wuhen , Zhang Yuanfeng , Zhang Hong , Wu Shengnan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundBeta‐propeller protein‐associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) is a rare, X‐linked dominant neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, epilepsy in childhood and dystonia, parkinsonism, dementia in adulthood. BPAN is caused by variants in WD repeat domain 45(WDR45), which is characterized by iron accumulation in the basal ganglia, however, it may be atypical in early brain MRI.MethodsWhole exome sequencing was performed for five parents‐offspring trios and phenotype‐driven data analyses were conducted. All candidate variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing.ResultsHere, we report five independent children presented variable degree of developmental delay, intellectual disability, and/or epilepsy. Five de novo variants of WDR45 including four novel truncating variants (one splicing variant, two nonsense variants, and one frameshift variant) were identified. Although their early brain MRI showed no obvious iron accumulation, multifocal spikes, or polyspikes in electroencephalograms (EEG) were observed in four patients.ConclusionOur study reports four patients with new variants in WDR45, which expands the mutation spectrum of WDR45. In addition, our findings provide an early and precise diagnosis basis of BPAN, which is helpful for accurate genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.