bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Evaluation of the Contractile Function of Lumbodorsal Muscles During the Locust Pose in Yoga by Real-Time Ultrasound
Authors: Liu Wenfen , Li Jiachun , zhou xiang , Chen Ningning , Ouyang Hui , Xu Zuofeng , Zhu Yongsheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background and Purpose: The purpose was to observe the changes in the thickness of lumbodorsal muscles that occur during the locust pose in yoga and how these changes occur. From the changes in muscle thickness that occur in the locust pose, the contractile function of lumbodorsal muscles can be evaluated.Methods: The changes in the thickness of the lumbodorsal muscles in the relaxed and contracted states were dynamically observed by real-time ultrasound when subjects were performing the locust yoga pose. Then, the thicknesses of the muscles during the two states were measured to calculate the ratio of contraction of each muscle and determine the statistical significance of the change in thickness of each muscle.Results: The mean thicknesses of the lumbodorsal muscles, including the multifidus, longissimus, iliocostalis, and quadratus lumborum, obviously differed between the relaxed and contracted states (P<0.005). The the mean C/R of the longissimus was 1.39±0.14 on the left and 1.40±0.16 on the right. The multifidus and iliocostalis had the second highest C/R. The mean C/R of the multifidus was 1.23±0.12 on the left and 1.24±0.15 on the right, and the mean C/R of the iliocostalis was 1.25±0.12 on the left and 1.24±0.14 on the right. The quadratus lumborum had the lowest C/R, and the mean C/R of the quadratus lumborum was 1.17±0.10 on the left and 1.19±0.11 on the right. Conclusions: The contractile activity of the lumbar muscles can be observed by ultrasound to evaluate the contractile function of the lumbar muscles.
Infant Rhesus Macaques as a Nonhuman Primate Model of Bordetella Pertussis
Authors: Shi Li , Jiang Wenwen , Wei Chen , Mou Dachao , Zuo Weilun , Liang Jiangli , Ma Xiao , Wang Lichan , Gao Na , Gu Qin , Luo peng , Ma Yan , Li Jingyan , Liu Shuyuan , Sun Mingbo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The prevalent resurgence of pertussis recently creates a vital public health problem worldwide. To understand the pertussis pathogenesis and host response to both pathogen and vaccine, a suitable pertussis animal model, particularly a non-human primate model, is necessary. Recently, a successful non-human primate pertussis model of baboons have been established. However, though the rhesus macaques have been proven to be ideal animal models for several infectious diseases, the infectious model of pertussis has not been established on it. The previous studies on rhesus macaque models of pertussis were performed in 1920s-1930s with limited experimental details. Recent monkey pertussis models failed to be established because the typical clinic syndrome and transmission were not investigated.Methods: In the present study, infant rhesus macaques were challenged with Bordetella pertussis (B.p) using the aerosol method to evaluate the feasibility of using it as an animal model of pertussis infection.Results: Upon aerosol infection, monkeys infected with the recent clinically isolated B.p strain 2016-CY-41 developed typical whooping cough, leukocytosis, bacteria-positive nasopharyngeal wash (NPW), and inter-animal transmission. Both humoral and cellular immune responses were induced by B.pertussis.Conclusion: These results demonstrate that a model of pertussis infection was successfully established in infant rhesus macaques, which provides a valuable platform to study pertussis pathogenesis and evaluate vaccine candidates.
Income Losses and Subjective Well-Being: Gender and Ethnic Inequalities during the Covid-19 Lockdown Period in the UK
Authors: Giovanis Eleftherios , Ozdamar Oznur 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
COVID-19 has become a global health pandemic forcing governments introducing unprecedented steps to contain the spread of the virus. On the 23rd of March, 2020, the UK government addressed the nation to announce extraordinary measures as a response to slow down the spread of the coronavirus, which have influenced the well-being and finances of millions of people. As a result people had to make difficult adjustments and to follow different coping strategies in order to respond to income losses. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of various coping strategies, due to the lockdown measures, on the respondents’ subjective well-being by gender and ethnic background. We apply a difference-in-differences framework using data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) combined with the UKHLS COVID-19 survey conducted in April 2020. Furthermore, using the Life Satisfaction Approach (LSA), we estimate the well-being costs of the coping strategies adopted that denote the amount required to revert individual’s well-being into the levels were before Covid-19 period. The results show that coping strategies with the earning losses have a significant detrimental impact on well-being and the related costs range between £250-3,500, which are significantly varied by gender and ethnic group. JEL Classification: C1, I14, I31
Voxel-based correlation of 18F-THK5351 accumulation with gray matter structural networks in cognitively normal older adults
Authors: Shigemoto Yoko , Sone Daichi , Maikusa Norihide , Kimura Yukio , Suzuki Fumio , Fujii Hiroyuki , Sato Noriko , Matsuda Hiroshi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

No previous studies have examined the correlations between tau and gray matter network alterations in cognitively normal (CN) older adults. Here, we investigated the correlations between 18F-THK5351 and local network measures at the voxel level.
Material and methods

We recruited 47 amyloid-negative CN older adults (65.0 ± 7.9 years, 55% women). All participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 11C-Pittsburgh compound-B and 18F-THK5351 positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Single-subject gray matter networks extracted from T1-weighted MRI data based on cortical similarities were analyzed using the graph theoretical approach. The 18F-THK5351 PET and four local network measures (betweenness centrality, clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, and degree) were evaluated to calculate voxel-wise correlations among the imaging modalities.
Result

Significant positive correlations between 18F-THK5351 and local network measures were detected in the bilateral caudate.
Conclusion

Our findings suggest that tau and neuroinflammation in CN older adults may influence local gray matter network in the caudate.
LPWAN-Based Hybrid Backhaul Communication for Intelligent Transportation Systems: Architecture and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Shahgholi Taghi , Sheikhahmadi Amir , Khamforoosh Keyhan , Azizi Sadoon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Increased number of the vehicles on the streets around the world has led to several problems including traﬃc congestion in many regions. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) are a viable solution for this problem by implementing eﬃcient use of the current infrastructures. In this paper, the possibility of using cellular-based Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) communications, LTE-M and NB-IoT, for ITS applications has been investigated. LTE-M and NB-IoT are designed to provide wide-range, low power and low cost communication infrastructures and can be a promising option which has the potential to be employed immediately in real systems. In order to to understand the feasibility of using LPWAN for ITS, two applications with low and high delay requirements have been examined: road traﬃc monitoring and emergency vehicle management. Then, the performance of using LTE-M and NB-IoT for providing backhaul communication infrastructure has been evaluated in a realistic simulation environment and compared for these two scenarios in terms of end to end delay per user. Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) has been used for realistic traﬃc generation and a Python-based program has been developed. This program has the ability to exchange live data with SUMO for communication performance evaluation. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of using LPWAN for ITS backhaul infrastructure mostly in favor of the LTE-M over NB-IoT.
Nutrient-imbalanced conditions shift the interplay between zooplankton and gut microbiota
Authors: Li Yingdong , Xu Zhimeng , Liu Hongbin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNutrient stoichiometry of phytoplankton frequently changes with aquatic ambient nutrient concentrations, which is mainly influenced by anthropogenic water treatment and the ecosystem dynamics. Consequently, the stoichiometry of phytoplankton can markedly alter the metabolism and growth of zooplankton. However, the effects of nutrient-imbalanced prey on the interplay between zooplankton and their gut microbiota remain unknown. Using metatranscriptome, a 16s rRNA amplicon-based neutral community model (NCM) and experimental validation, we investigated the interactions between Daphnia magna and its gut microbiota in a nutrient-imbalanced algal diet.ResultsOur results showed that in nutrient-depleted water, the nutrient-enriched zooplankton gut stimulated the accumulation of microbial polyphosphate in fecal pellets under phosphorus limitation and the microbial assimilation of ammonia under nitrogen limitation. Compared with the nutrient replete group, both N and P limitation markedly promoted the gene expression of the gut microbiome for organic matter degradation but repressed that for anaerobic metabolisms. In the nutrient limited diet, the gut microbial community exhibited a higher fit to NCM (R2=0.624 and 0.781, for N- and P-limitation, respectively) when compared with the Control group (R2=0.542), suggesting increased ambient-gut exchange process favored by compensatory feeding. Further, an additional axenic grazing experiment revealed that the growth of D. magna can still benefit from gut microbiota under a nutrient-imbalanced diet.ConclusionsTogether, these results demonstrated that under a nutrient-imbalanced diet, the microbes not only benefit themselves by absorbing excess nutrients inside the zooplankton gut but also help zooplankton to survive during nutrient limitation.
Site of Relapse of Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas Affects Survival after Multimodal Therapy
Authors: Safi Sami Alexander , Lehwald Nadja , Rehders Alexander , Fluegen Georg , Haeberle Lena Julia , Keitel Verena , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies. To date, no guidelines exists for isolated resectable metachronous disease. It is still unknown, which patients may benefit from relapse surgery. The aim of our study was to compare disease free survival (DFS) and post relapse survival (PRS) in patients with isolated local recurrence, metachronous hepatic or pulmonary metastases.Methods: Patients with isolated resectable local recurrence, metachronous hepatic or pulmonary metastases were included for survival analyses. PRS of surgically treated patients (local (n=11), hepatic (n=6) and pulmonary metastases (n=9)) was compared to conservatively treated patients (local (n=17), hepatic (n=37) and pulmonary metastases (n=8)).Results: Resected PDAC patients suffering from isolated metachronous hepatic metastases initially had a higher T-stage and venous invasion (V1) compared to the other patients. DFS in the metachronous pulmonary metastases group was longer compared to DFS of the hepatic metastases and local recurrence groups. Surgical resection significantly improved PRS in patients with local recurrence and pulmonary metastases, when compared to patients receiving chemotherapy alone. Very-long term survivors (>5 years) were detected following secondary resection of local recurrence and 45% of these patients were still alive at the end of our study period.Conclusion: Although DFS in PDAC patients suffering from isolated local recurrence was dismal and comparable to that of patients with isolated hepatic metastases, very-long term survivors were present only in this group. These results indicate that a surgical approach for isolated local recurrence, if anatomically possible, should be considered.
Left hemispheric deficit in the sustained neuromagnetic response to periodic click trains in children with ASD.
Authors: Stroganova Tatiana A , Komarov Kirill S , Sysoeva Olga V , Goiaeva Dzerasa E , Obukhova Tatiana S , Ovsiannikova Tatiana M , Prokofiev Andrey O , Orekhova Elena V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Deficits in perception and production of vocal pitch are often observed in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the neural basis of these abnormalities is unknown. In magnetoencephalogram (MEG), spectrally complex periodic sounds trigger two continuous neural responses – the auditory steady state response (ASSR) and the sustained field (SF). It has been shown that the SF in neurotypical individuals is associated with low-level analysis of pitch in the ‘pitch processing center’ of the Heschl’s gyrus. Therefore, this auditory response may reflect vocal pitch processing abnormalities in ASD. The SF, however, has never been studied in people with this disorder. Methods: We used MEG and individual brain models to investigate the ASSR and SF evoked by monaural 40 Hz click trains in boys with ASD (N=35) and neurotypical (NT) boys (N=35) aged 7-12-years.Results: In agreement with the previous research in adults, the cortical sources of the SF in children were located in the left and right Heschl’s gyri, anterolateral to those of the ASSR. In both groups, the SF and ASSR dominated in the right hemisphere and were higher in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated ear. The ASSR increased with age in both NT and ASD children and did not differ between the groups. The SF amplitude did not significantly change between the ages of 7 and 12 years. It was moderately attenuated in both hemispheres and was markedly delayed and displaced in the left hemisphere in boys with ASD. The SF delay in participants with ASD was present irrespective of their intelligence level and severity of autism symptoms.Limitations: We did not test the language abilities of our participants. Therefore, the link between SF and processing of vocal pitch in children with ASD remains speculative.Conclusion: Children with ASD demonstrate selective left-hemispheric abnormalities at the level of the core auditory cortex when processing spectrally complex periodic sound. The observed neural deficit may contribute to speech perception difficulties experienced by children with ASD, including their poor perception and production of linguistic prosody.
Hypoxic tumour cell-derived exosomal miR-340-5p promotes radioresistance of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma via KLF10
Authors: Chen Fangyu , Xu Bing , Li Jie , Yang Xi , Gu Junjie , Yao Xijuan , Sun Xinchen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Hypoxia is a critical cause of radioresistance. However, the communication between hypoxic cells and aerobic cells via exosomes during the transfer of radiation resistance remains unclear. Methods: Exo-miR-340-5p levels were analysed by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR. We co-cultured OSCC cells with isolated normoxic and hypoxic exosomes to study their impact on radiosensitivity. We used a specific exo-miR-340-5p mimic and knock-down retrovirus to explore the role of this miRNA in the transfer of radioresistance from hypoxic to normoxic cells. Dual-luciferase reporter and RIP assays were used to verify KLF10 as a putative target of miR-340-5p. Several in vitro assays were conducted and xenograft models were established to investigate the effect of exo-miR-340-5p on OSCC radiosensitivity. The plasma exo-miR-340-5p levels in OSCC patients were analysed to study the clinical value of this parameter.Results: Hypoxic exosomes alleviated radiation-induced apoptosis and accelerated DNA damage repair. miR-340-5p was highly expressed in hypoxic exosomes and was transferred into normoxic cells, where it induced radioresistance. Overexpression of miR-340-5p in normoxic OSCC cells mimicked the radioresistance of cells co-cultured with hypoxic exosomes. Knockdown of miR-340-5p in hypoxic exosomes reversed the radioresistance effect, indicating that exo-miR-340-5p is critical for hypoxic EV-transferred radioresistance. KLF10 was identified as the direct target of miR-340-5p. Moreover, metformin was found to increase the expression of KLF10 and enhance the radiosensitivity of OSCC. Higher levels of miR-340-5p in the plasma exosomes from OSCC patients are related to a poorer radiotherapy response and prognosis. Conclusions: Hypoxic tumour cell-derived exosomal miR-340-5p confers radioresistance in OSCC by targeting KLF10/UVRAG, suggesting that miR-340-5p could be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the enhancement of radiosensitivity in OSCC. Metformin can increase KLF10 expression, which ameliorates the radioresistance induced by exo-miR-340-5p transfer. Therefore, metformin could be further investigated as a therapeutic option for the treatment of OSCC.
Strategi Survival Masyarakat Pesisir dan Pedalaman Sumenep di Tengah Krisis Ekologi dan Industrialisasi
Authors: Umam Shohebul 
Published: December 2020

<p><em>This study discusses poverty, which until now is still a major problem for the Indonesian state. The effort to eradicate poverty becomes a big commitment through the projected Sustainable Development Goal's (SDG's) which are determined to reduce the number of poor people to 50% in the next 2030. Instead of alleviating poverty, SDG's which insinuate welfare are more and more pressed by poverty itself. Global warming which drives climate change is uncertain, causes an ecological crisis on one side, and creates a consumptive culture of society on the other side. This research uses a qualitative method, in which coastal communities and inland farmers become in Sumenep, Madura is the object of this study. due to climate change that is getting worse, fishermen and farmers, must rearrange their survival strategies to meet the needs of family income. The government, in this case, must be encouraged to be a catalyst for change, in order to realize the social welfare of the community through the development of community-based communities that are independent and sustainable. </em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p>Penelitian ini membahas tentang kemiskinan, yang sampai saat ini masih menjadi persoalan utama negara Indonesia. Upaya untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan menjadi komitmen besar melalui proyeksi Sustainable Development Goal’s (SDG’s) yang bertekad untuk menekan jumlah penduduk miskin hingga 50% pada 2030 mendatang. Alih-alih mengentaskan kemiskinan, SDG’s yang meng-insinuasikan kesejahteraan justru samakan terdesak oleh kemiskinan itu sendiri. Global warming yang mendorong perubahan iklim tidak menentu, menyebabkan krisis ekologi pada satu sisi, dan menciptakan budaya konsumtif masyarakat pada sisi yang lainnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, di mana masyarakat pesisir dan petani pedalaman menjadi di Sumenep, Madura menjadi objek kajian ini. akibat perubahan iklim yang semakin buruk, nelayan dan petani, harus mengatur kembali strategi survival mereka untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nafkah keluarga. Pemerintah dalam hal ini, mesti didorong untuk menjadi katalisator perubahan, demi mewujudkan kesejahteraan sosial masyarakat melalui pengembangan masyarakat berbasis komunitas yang bersifat mandiri dan berkelanjutan.</p>
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Rangka Pencegahan Stunting Sejak Dini di Kecamatan Pagedongan Kabupaten Banjarnegara
Authors: Munawaroh Hidayatu , Syakur Moh , Fitriana Nur , Muntaqo Rifqi 
Published: December 2020

<p><em>This study examines the problem most basic health problem for children in Indonesia today is in their growth and development, in other words, it is a problem of stunting. The government has made various efforts to prevent stunting, one of which is specifically intervening in child nutrition. In order to support government programs, we carry out a community service activity with the aim of detecting and detecting children's nutritional development. The Banjarnegara City Government has detected that 29% of children are still affected by stunting. By involving local health workers totaling 35 cadres in these activities. In the process of implementing the activity, it is divided into 3 terms in one day, while the methods used are counseling, discussion and practice. Based on the results of the activity, the cadres experienced an increase in quality. Previously, knowledge of health cadres was only in the range of 37.14%, but after participating in the activity, there was a significant increase of 80%. Likewise, there was an increase (p = 0.000; α &lt;0.05) since this intervention. The recommendation is that there should be activities like this on an ongoing basis and if necessary, early detection of stunting.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p>­Penelitian ini mengkaji permasalahan kesehatan pada anak di Indonesia yang paling mendasar saat ini adalah pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya, dengan kata lain ini adalah masalah stunting. Pemerintah telah melakukan berbagai upaya dalam menangani stunting ini, salah satunya mengintervensi gizi anak secara spesifik. Dalam rangka mendukung program pemerintah, kami melakukan suatu kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dengan tujuan mendeteksi sekaligus mendeteksi perkembangan gizi anak. Pemerintah Kota Banjarnegara mendeteksi adanya 29 % anak masih terdampak stunting. Dengan melibatkan tenaga kesehatan setempat berjumlah 35 kader dalam kegiatan tersebut. Pada proses pelaksanaan kegiatan terbagi menjadi 3 termin dalam satu hari, adapun metode yang digunakan yakni penyuluhan, diskusi dan praktek. Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan, kader mengalami peningkatan kualitas. Sebelumnya pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan hanya pada kisaran 37,14%, namun setelah mengikuti kegiatan mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan 80%. Begitu juga, terjadi peningkatan (p = 0,000; α &lt; 0,05) semenjak adanya intervensi ini. Rekomendasinya adalah perlu adanya kegiatan seperti ini secara berkelanjutan dan bila perlu adanya pendeteksian stunting sejak dini.</p>
Skirmishing Disconcerting Covid-19 by Drug Reassigning
Authors: Nikam Vikrant , Mangulkar Shubham , Khapare Jyoti 
Published: December 2020

Background:
COVID-19 is a most life threatening condition, therefore it is declared a
pandemic by WHO as it has affected the whole world. Even though there are many advanced drug
discoveries, viral afflictions are a broad area for researchers. Unfortunately, to date, no drug can
treat this lethal infection. COVID -19 has raised the death rate crucially; therefore, it needs the reassigning
of drugs for the control of affliction. In some cases, it shows that drug reassigning may
cause adverse reactions. But in some countries, these drugs manifest fruitful effects for COVID patients.
This article focuses on the effective drug moieties found in in-vitro studies. These drug moieties
need further clinical testing based on their in-vitro clinical data. These moieties have shown
hope as promising drugs for treating the deadly infection.

Objective:
The current manuscript is prepared with the main objectives of studying the various
drugs and their benefits for the preparation of a vaccine for COVID-19 pandemics and studying the
clinical trial status of drugs that are in the final stage of vaccine development.

Discussion and Conclusion:
The vaccine development process is in progress, and has almost
reached the final stage. There are drug reassignments for suppressing the COVID-19 by using various
drugs such as Remdesivir, Sarilumab, Favipiravir, Tocilizumab, etc.; the whole world suffered
a huge loss due to this pandemic, and the wait for the vaccine will be over shortly.