bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procedure-Economical, Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Polycyclic Natural Products and Analogues Containing a 3a-Hydroxyhexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole-2-carboxylic Acid Residue
Authors: Huang Pei-Qiang 
Published: June 2020

The 3a-hydroxyhexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole-2-carboxylic acid (HPIC) residue and its aza-analogue are found in many bioactive natural products. In this account, short divergent total syntheses of several such natural products, diastereomers and analogues are described. It is demonstrated that by appropriate combination of different efficient tactics such as biomimetic/bio-inspired synthesis, chemo/regioselective reactions, umpolung of regioselectivity and/or reactivity, and tandem reactions, the enantioselective syntheses of polycyclic molecules such as (+)-asperlicin E and (–)-robustanoids A and B can be achieved in a protecting-group-free and redox-economical manner, in only three to four steps starting from l-tryptophan.1	Introduction2	Strategic Considerations2.1	Occurrence of HO-HPIC and HO-aza-HPIC Residues in Natural Products2.2	Biosyntheses of HO-HPIC and HO-aza-HPIC Residues2.3	Chemical Syntheses of HO-HPIC and HO-aza-HPIC Residues3	Procedure-Economical Syntheses of HO-HPIC-Containing Natural Products3.1	Protecting-Group-Free Syntheses of Asperlicin E, Its Diastereomer, and an Analogue3.2	Divergent Syntheses of (–)-Robustanoids A and B, a Diastereomer, and Analogues4	Conclusion and Future Perspectives
Keynote Prescription in Homoeopathy: A Prospective Series of Fifteen Consecutive Cases
Authors: Banerjee Abhiram , Purkait Rajib , Choubey Gurudev , Roja Varanasi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Homoeopathy is a system of therapeutics which has a holistic approach towards diseased individual. Prescription in homoeopathy is based on individualisation which can be achieved in various ways. Keynote method is one of such various ways of prescription which needs to be validated by documentation of adequate and valid evidences in its favour.
Methods This article presents a series of 15 consecutive cases in which prescriptions were made on the basis of keynote. The outcome was assessed using Outcome Related to Impact on Daily Living (ORIDL) and Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP-2) scale. Modified Naranjo criteria were used to find out any possible causal attribution.
Result The results reflected improvement in ORIDL scale (+2 and +3). MYMOP-2 for Symptom 1 showed reduction in mean score from 5.60 (standard deviation [SD]: 0.63) to 2.67 (SD: 0.72) after a treatment period of 6 weeks. The reduction was statistically significant (mean difference 2.93 with 95% confidence interval: 2.6–3.2, t-score 19.1382, p < 0.001, paired t-test). The score of Modified Naranjo criteria ranged from 6 to 9. Thus these 15 cases derived the adequate subjective evidences in favour of keynote prescription. Further documentation and studies are warranted.
Homoeopathic Management of Breast Fibroadenoma—An Open Label, Single Arm, Observational Trial
Authors: Shukla Purnima , Misra Purak , Misra Rajiv Kumar , Jain Rishabh Kumar , Shukla Rakesh , Manchanda R.K , Khurana Anil 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Fibroadenoma of breast is the commonest ailment of women with significant morbidity. Available literature revealed that breast tumour recedes by homoeopathic treatment.The present study evaluated the role of homoeopathic treatment on breast fibroadenoma by using ‘Triple assessment criteria’ and to explore the mechanism, whether homoeopathic medicines bring their therapeutic effect by altering the oestrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status on tumour tissue.
Materials and Methods An open label, prospective, single arm, observational study was conducted on 64 female patients having fibroadenoma of breast. Triple assessment criteria were used to explore the effectiveness of homoeopathic treatment on breast fibroadenoma. Individualised homoeopathic medicines were prescribed. The outcome measures were changes in clinical picture, number and size of lump by ultrasonomammography. ER/PR study was performed by immunohistochemistry using quick score analysis.
Results Post-treatment response of 23 cases (35.93%) of fibroadenoma revealed disappearance of lump. Partial improvement was noticed in 22 cases (34.37%) with significant reduction in mean size (p < 0.001). Similarly significant reduction in number of lesions was seen in fibroadenoma (p <0.05). Conium maculatum and Phytolacca decandra were found to be the most useful remedies. Quick score value of ER after treatment showed significant reduction (Z = 4.910).
Conclusion The study revealed that the therapeutic effects of individualised homoeopathic medicines play significant role in management of fibroadenoma of breast. The results of ER/PR show significant reduction in ER suggesting that homoeopathic medicines have some inhibitory effect on ER.
43.10 Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Tian T. , Li Z. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe construction of C—C and C—X bonds via cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reactions has made remarkable progress, and the methods developed have reached excellent levels of versatility, selectivity, and efficiency over the past few decades. The oxidative coupling of various C—H or X—H substrates to terminal alkynes can complement the coupling reactions of functionalized starting materials and can minimize waste and allow faster access to functionalized product molecules. These reactions represent a historic breakthrough in alkynylation chemistry and have greatly expanded the synthetic routes available for the efficient construction of alkynyl compounds.
The interplay between chromophore and protein determines the extended excited state dynamics in a single-domain phytochrome
Authors: Slavov Chavdar , Fischer Tobias , Barnoy Avishai , Shin Heewhan , Rao Aditya G. , Wiebeler Christian , Zeng Xiaoli , Sun Yafang , Xu Qianzhao , Gutt Alexander , Zhao Kai-Hong , Gärtner Wolfgang , Yang Xiaojing , Schapiro Igor , Wachtveitl Josef 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Bilin-binding photoreceptors are light-signaling proteins that mediate various processes from photomorphogenesis, phototaxis, chromatic acclimation, to photosynthesis. They are also promising tunable optical agents for use in optogenetics and superresolution microscopy. Using an integrated approach of crystallography, spectroscopy, and QM/MM calculations, this work examines the ultrafast dynamics of a photoactive single-domain phytochrome. Our work reveals in detail the critical role of the protein environment in defining the excited state lifetime and thereby the quantum efficiency of the bilin photoisomerization. This insight provides design principles for engineering of bilin-based photoreceptors for biotechnological and medical applications.
Functional analysis of the OsNPF4.5 nitrate transporter reveals a conserved mycorrhizal pathway of nitrogen acquisition in plants
Authors: Wang Shuangshuang , Chen Aiqun , Xie Kun , Yang Xiaofeng , Luo Zhenzhen , Chen Jiadong , Zeng Dechao , Ren Yuhan , Yang Congfan , Wang Lingxiao , Feng Huimin , López-Arredondo Damar Lizbeth , Herrera-Estrella Luis Rafael , Xu Guohua 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Low availability of nitrogen (N), mainly nitrate in aerobic soils, is a primary limiting factor for crop production. Most terrestrial plants live in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to increase nutrient uptake, including N, from soil. Research on the AM symbiosis field has focused almost exclusively on ammonium as the form of N transferred to the plants, and there has been no direct evidence of N transfer as nitrate thus far. Here, we report that mycorrhizal rice could receive more than 40% of its N via the mycorrhizal pathway and that the AM-specific nitrate transporter OsNPF4.5 accounted for approximately 45% of the mycorrhizal nitrate uptake. Our work suggests the presence of a mycorrhizal route for nitrate uptake in plants.
Understanding inclusion in collaborative governance: a mixed methods approach
Authors: Ansell Christopher , Doberstein Carey , Henderson Hayley , Siddiki Saba , ‘t Hart Paul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Who should be included in collaborative governance and how they should be included is an important topic, though the dynamics of inclusion are not yet well understood. We propose a conceptual model to shape the empirical analysis of what contributes to inclusion in collaborative processes. We propose that incentives, mutual interdependence and trust are important preconditions of inclusion, but that active inclusion management also matters a great deal. We also hypothesize that inclusion is strategic, with ‘selective activation’ of participants depending on functional and pragmatic choices. Drawing on cases from the Collaborative Governance Case Databank, we used a mixed method approach to analyse our model. We found support for the model, and particularly for the central importance of active inclusion management.
Cardiac adaptation to endurance exercise training: Differential impact of swimming and running
Authors: Martinez Vanessa , Sanz de la Garza Maria , Grazioli Gonzalo , Roca Emma , Brotons Daniel , Sitges Marta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectives: High‐intensity training has been associated with bi‐ventricular and bi‐atrial remodelling and a potentially increased risk of arrhythmias. Most of the evidence is based on endurance disciplines mainly involving the lower part of the body, while few data is available on upper body disciplines. The purpose of this study was to compare chronic cardiac remodelling induced by running and swimming as well as the acute response of ventricular and atrial performance after an upper‐body and a lower‐body endurance race. Methods: Standard and speckle tracking echocardiographic assessment of left ventricle, right ventricle and both atria was performed at baseline and immediately after a 9.5 km open‐water swimming race in 26 healthy men and before and after a 35 km‐trail‐running race in 21 male runners. Results: No significant differences were observed in baseline ventricular dimensions. However, both right ventricular and atrial systolic deformation were greater in runners. This group also showed slightly larger atrial volumes as compared to swimmers. After the race, right ventricular dilatation was observed in both groups, but only runners showed a decrease in right ventricular deformation and a decrease in atrial volumes and deformation. Significant increases in atrial deformation without reduction in atrial volumes were observed only in swimmers after the race. Conclusions: Right ventricular and atrial remodelling is different depending on the endurance training discipline. Long‐distance running races induce a greater impairment in right ventricular performance and atrial function compared to endurance swimming competitions.
Metasurface supporting broadband circular dichroism for reflected and transmitted fields simultaneously
Authors: Amin M , Siddiqui O , Farhat M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We demonstrate significant optical activity in the near-infrared spectrum of a chiral metasurface which is designed using an array of L-shaped silver nanostructures. The far-field radiation from the plasmon-polariton surface wave currents produces combination of strong and highly dispersive orthogonal electric field components leading to the observation of broadband circular and elliptical polarization states (dichroism) for reflected and transmitted fields. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations show a linear to left hand and right hand circular polarization conversion between 200–261 THz frequency (1.15 µm–1.5 µm wavelength) range for reflected and transmitted fields. The structural chirality can be further enhanced by engraving another smaller L-dipole in nested configuration reaching near perfect polarization conversion efficiency. The nested L-dipole configuration supports circular polarization conversion between 262–306 THz frequency (980 nm–1.14 µm wavelength) range. Full-wave simulations suggest clear enhancement of the surface currents with helical orientation leading to increased optical activity. The proposed optical waveplate may be utilized in polarization control applications such as optical imaging, sensing, and display components.
Introduction to the environmental monitoring instruments for LOT
Authors: Wang Jian-Feng , Tian Jian-Feng , Zeng Xian-Qun , Li Tao-Ran , Zhao Yong , Wang Yue , Chen Hua-Lin , Jiang Xiao-Jun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Large Optical/infrared Telescope (LOT) is a ground-based 12m diameter optical/infrared telescope, which is proposed to be built in the western part of China in the next decade. To select the best site which satisfies the construction and future operation of LOT, data monitoring and comparing are required for all the candidate sites. The comparison of most of the instruments was done at Xinglong Observatory. These instruments include weather station, all sky camera, sky background meter and differential image motion monitor (DIMM). This paper introduces the instruments used in LOT site monitoring and the instruments comparisons. The results show that the instrument is stable and the data uniformity of the identical instruments is good. This paper provides a fundamental description of LOT site monitoring.
Site testing campaign for the Large Optical/infrared Telescope of China: general introduction of the Daocheng site
Authors: Song Teng-Fei , Liu Yu , Wang Jing-Xing , Zhang Xue-Fei , Liu Shun-Qing , Zhao Ming-Yu , Li Xiao-Bo , Cai Zhan-Chuan , Song Qi-Wu , Cao Zi-Huang , Ruan Yu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Daocheng site is one of the three candidate sites for the Large Optical/infrared Telescope (LOT) of China. It was discovered by Yunnan Observatories during the survey of potential sites for the next-generation large-aperture solar telescopes of China. This paper describes the overview of the site, the observation platform and the monitor instrument. In addition, simple statistical results are presented (from November, 2016 up to December, 2017). Detailed data results can refer to the overview of LOT site testing and data analysis articles, which were published during the same period.
Site-testing at Muztagh-ata site I: ground meteorology and sky brightness
Authors: Xu Jing , Esamdin Ali , Hao Jin-Xin , Bai Jin-Min , Yang Ji , Zhou Xu , Yao Yong-Qiang , Hou Jin-Liang , Pu Guang-Xin , Feng Guo-Jie , Bai Chun-Hai , Wei Peng , Ma Shu-Guo , Yisikandee Abudusaimaitijiang , Wang Le-Tian , Zhang Xuan , Ming Liang , Ma Lu , Liu Jin-Zhong , Cao Zi-Huang , Zhao Yong-Heng , Feng Lu , Shi Jian-Rong , Chen Hua-Lin , Pei Chong , Jiang Xiao-Jun , Wang Jian-Feng , Tian Jian-Feng , Xue Yan-Jie , Hu Jing-Yao , Jiang Yun-Ying 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Site-testing is crucial for achieving the goal of scientific research and analysis of meteorological and optical observing conditions, one of the associated basic tasks. As one of three potential sites to host the 12-meter Large Optical/infrared Telescope (LOT), the Muztagh-ata site, which is located on the Pamir Plateau in Xinjiang, in west China, began its site-testing task in the spring of 2017. In this paper, we firstly start with an introduction to the site and then present a statistical analysis of the ground-level meteorological properties such as air temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed and direction, recorded by an automatic weather station with standard meteorological sensors for a two-year duration. We also show the monitoring results of sky brightness during this period.
The boresight alignment of the DArk Matter Particle Explorer
Authors: Jiang Wei , Li Xiang , Duan Kai-Kai , Shen Zhao-Qiang , Xu Zun-Lei , Zang Jing-Jing , Lei Shi-Jun , Yuan Qiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) can measureγ-rays in the energy range from a few GeV to about 10 TeV. The direction of eachγ-ray photon is reconstructed in the DAMPE payload reference system. To convert this to celestial coordinates, we require the celestial orientation of the payload system, which, however, may slightly deviate from that of the satellite system provided by the star-tracker. In this paper, we adopt a maximum likelihood method and use theγ-rays centered around several bright point-like sources to measure and correct the angular deviations between the DAMPE payload and satellite system, the so-called “boresight alignment”. We also check our method of boresight alignment for some sets of simulation data with artificial orientations and obtain consistent results. The time-dependent boresight alignment analysis does not show evidence for significant variation of the parameters.
A catalogue of Hα emission-line point sources in the vicinity fields of M 31 and M 33 from the LAMOST survey
Authors: Zhang Meng , Chen Bing-Qiu , Huo Zhi-Ying , Zhang Hua-Wei , Xiang Mao-Sheng , Yuan Hai-Bo , Huang Yang , Wang Chun , Liu Xiao-Wei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We present a catalogue of 3305 Hα emission-line point sources observed with the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) in the vicinity fields of M 31 and M 33 during September 2011 and January 2016. The catalogue contains 1487 emission-line stars, 532 emission-line nebulae including 377 likely planetary nebulae (PNe), 83 H ii region candidates and 20 possible supernova remnants (SNRs) and 1286 unknown objects. Among them, 24 PN candidates, 19 H ii region candidates, 10 SNR candidates and one symbiotic star candidate are new discoveries. Radial velocities and fluxes estimated from the Hα line and those quantities of seven other major emission lines including Hβ, [O iii] λ4959, [O iii] λ5007, [N ii] λ6548, [N ii] λ6583, [S ii] λ6717 and [S ii] λ6731 lines of all the catalogued sources yielded from the LAMOST spectra are also presented in our catalogue. Our catalogue is an ideal starting point to study the chemistry properties and kinematics of M 31 and M 33.
Detection of thermonuclear X-ray bursts and dips from the X-ray binary 4U 1323-62 with AstroSat/LAXPC
Authors: Bhulla Yashpal , Roy Jayashree , Jaaffrey S.N.A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Using data from the Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) on the AstroSat satellite, we observed Type-1 thermonuclear X-ray bursts from the low mass X-ray binary neutron star 4U 1323–62. Observations of 4U 1323-62 that were carried out during the performance verification phase of the AstroSat satellite indicated six thermonuclear X-ray bursts in a total effective exposure of ∼49.5 ks for about two consecutive days. Recurrence time of the detected thermonuclear bursts is in accordance with the orbital period of the source, ∼9400 s. Moreover, the light curve of 4U 1323–62 revealed the presence of two dips. We present the results from time-resolved spectroscopy performed during all of the six X-ray bursts and also report the detection of a known low frequency quasi-periodic oscillation (LFQPO) at ∼1 Hz from the source. However, any evidence of kilohertz QPO was not found. We have shown the burst profile at different energy ranges. Assuming a distance of 10 kpc, we observed a mean flux of ∼1.8×10−9 erg cm2 s−1. The radius of the blackbody is found to be highly consistent with the blackbody temperature and the blackbody flux of the bursts.
A Bayesian Approach for Determining the Relationship Between Various Elongate Mineral Particles (EMPs) Definitions
Authors: Shao Yuan , MacLehose Richard F , Lin Lifeng , Hwang Jooyeon , Alexander Bruce H , Mandel Jeffrey H , Ramachandran Gurumurthy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A variety of dimensions (lengths and widths) of elongate mineral particles (EMPs) have been proposed as being related to health effects. In this paper, we develop a mathematical approach for deriving numerical conversion factors (CFs) between these EMP exposure metrics and applied it to the Minnesota Taconite Health Worker study which contains 196 different job exposure groups (28 similar exposure groups times 7 taconite mines). This approach comprises four steps: for each group (i) obtain EMP dimension information using ISO-TEM 10312/13794 analysis; (ii) use bivariate lognormal distribution to characterize overall EMP size distribution; (iii) use a Bayesian approach to facilitate the formation of the bivariate lognormal distribution; (iv) derive conversion factors between any pair of EMP definitions. The final CFs allow the creation of job exposure matrices (JEMs) for alternative EMP metrics using existing EMP exposures already characterized according to the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-defined EMP exposure metric (length &gt;5 µm with an aspect ratio ≥3.0). The relationships between the NIOSH EMP and other EMP definitions provide the basis of classification of workers into JEMs based on alternate definitions of EMP for epidemiological studies of mesothelioma, lung cancer, and non-malignant respiratory disease.
Root secondary growth: an unexplored component of soil resource acquisition
Authors: Strock Christopher F , Lynch Jonathan P 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsDespite recent progress in elucidating the molecular basis of secondary growth (cambial growth), the functional implications of this developmental process remain poorly understood. Targeted studies exploring how abiotic and biotic factors affect this process, as well as the relevance of secondary growth to fitness of annual dicotyledonous crop species under stress, are almost entirely absent from the literature. Specifically, the physiological role of secondary growth in roots has been completely neglected yet entails a unique array of implications for plant performance that are distinct from secondary growth in shoot tissue.ScopeSince roots are directly responsible for soil resource capture, understanding of the fitness landscape of root phenotypes is important in both basic and applied plant biology. Interactions between root secondary growth, edaphic conditions and soil resource acquisition may have significant effects on plant fitness. Our intention here is not to provide a comprehensive review of a sparse and disparate literature, but rather to highlight knowledge gaps, propose hypotheses and identify opportunities for novel and agriculturally relevant research pertaining to secondary growth of roots. This viewpoint: (1) summarizes evidence from our own studies and other published work; (2) proposes hypotheses regarding the fitness landscape of secondary growth of roots in annual dicotyledonous species for abiotic and biotic stress; and (3) highlights the importance of directing research efforts to this topic within an agricultural context.ConclusionsSecondary growth of the roots of annual dicots has functional significance with regards to soil resource acquisition and transport, interactions with soil organisms and carbon sequestration. Research on these topics would contribute significantly toward understanding the agronomic value of secondary growth of roots for crop improvement.