bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Transitional Justice’s Impact Pathways on Gender Justice: Trends in Sexual and Gender-Based Violence against Women from Thirteen African Cases
Authors: Rubin Maxine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The main element of gender justice addressed in transitional justice processes has been sexual and gender-based violence against women (SGBVAW). This article explores if particular dimensions (core characteristics) of transitional justice processes are more likely to positively contribute toward measures taken by the state to address SGBVAW outcomes. Empirical evidence from 13 African cases suggested that transitional justice processes that had autonomous, gender-hinclusive, and reparative dimensions were more likely to see positive SGBVAW outcomes. Pending further research, the results suggest that using these dimensions of transitional justice to unpack the impact pathways of transitional justice helps to clarify the ways that transitional justice can benefit societies. The findings also suggest that impact pathways between transitional justice and SGBVAW outcomes exist, but the nature of these pathways is varied and often indirect.
Legal Reasoning for Legitimation of Child Marriage in West Java: Accommodation of Local Norms at Islamic Courts and the Paradox of Child Protection
Authors: Horii Hoko 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article discusses challenges posed by the implementation of international human rights law through the case of child marriage in Indonesia. Supporting data consist mostly of court decisions and interviews with judges carried out at three separate Islamic courts in West Java. Results show that the Indonesian pluralistic legal system is structurally organized so as to accommodate human rights norms with religious concerns and customary practices, which therefore provides judges with significant leeway in arbitrating between different types of law, which conflict on the question of child marriage. Left at the discretion of judges, rulings on child marriage cases may result in religious or customary law being favoured over state and international law. Judges do so to ‘protect children’ from social stigma, which is associated with pregnancy and sexual intercourse out of wedlock.
Human-modified landscapes alter home range and movement patterns of capybaras
Authors: Lopes Beatriz , McEvoy John F , Morato Ronaldo Gonçalves , Luz Hermes R , Costa Francisco B , Benatti Hector Ribeiro , Dias Thiago da Costa , Rocha Vlamir José , Ramos Vanessa do Nascimento , Piovezan Ubiratan , Monticelli Patricia Ferreira , Nievas Ana Maria , Pacheco Richard Campos , Moro Maria Estela Gaglianone , Brasil Jardel , Leimgruber Peter , Labruna Marcelo B , Ferraz Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi de Barros 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe expansion of human activity forces species to co-exist with people in human-modified landscapes (HMLs). However, living in HMLs demands behavioral adaptations, and the proximity between wildlife and people heightens human–wildlife conflicts. Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is a thriving rodent species in HMLs in Brazil and as such, is involved in human–wildlife conflicts, such as vehicle collisions and transmission of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF). Despite their public importance, the effects of HMLs on capybara movement behavior have never been investigated. Our study aimed to investigate changes in home range, ranging pattern, and activity, for capybaras in six HMLs and two natural landscapes (NLs) by monitoring capybaras with GPS collars. We found home ranges 2.43 times greater in NLs than in HMLs and differences in ranging pattern in HMLs. Capybaras tended to be more nocturnal and move shorter distances across HMLs than NLs. Our results confirm the impacts of the HMLs altering capybara movement. The aggregation of capybaras in very small home ranges might imply on greater risks of tick infestations. In addition, capybara–vehicle collision may be increased during capybaras’ nocturnal activity. Therefore, we recommend that transportation agencies avoid the construction of transportation infrastructures (roads, railways, airstrips) in capybaras’ home ranges, which should be of restricted access to people in BSF endemic areas.
ID/HIV Physician Ambassadors: Advancing Policy to Improve Health
Authors: Brito Maximo O , Dugdale Caitlin M , Collins-Ogle Michelle , Snowden Jessica , Wheeler David A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
ID/HIV physicians and other healthcare professionals advocate within the healthcare system to ensure adults and children receive effective treatment. These advocacy skills can be used to inform domestic and global infectious disease policies to improve healthcare systems and public health. ID/HIV physicians have a unique frontline perspective to share with federal policymakers regarding how programs and policies benefit patients and public health. Providing this input is critical to the enactment of legislation that will maximize the response to infectious diseases. This article discusses the advocacy of ID/HIV physicians and other healthcare professionals in federal health policy. Key issues include funding for ID/HIV programs; the protection of public health and access to health care; improving research opportunities; and advancing the field of ID/HIV, including supporting the next generation of ID/HIV clinicians. The article also describes best practices for advocacy and provides case studies illustrating the impact of ID/HIV physician advocacy.
Harvesting left internal thoracic artery via clamshell incision for coronary bypass and lung transplant
Authors: Haddad Osama , Jacob Samuel , Pham Anthony , Sareyyupoglu Basar , Dye Kenneth , Pham Si Mai 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Concomitant lung transplantation and coronary artery bypass grafting operation became more prevalent over the last decade due to the advanced age of recipients. Median sternotomy approach is traditionally used when internal thoracic artery is utilized. Here we report a technique of harvesting the left internal thoracic artery via a clamshell incision for a combined coronary artery bypass and bilateral lung transplant operation in a 71-year-old male with terminal respiratory failure and coronary artery disease.
The chemical properties of the Milky Way’s on-bar and off-bar regions: evidence for inhomogeneous star formation history in the bulge
Authors: Lian Jianhui , Zasowski Gail , Hasselquist Sten , Neumann Justus , Majewski Steven R , Cohen Roger E , Fernández-Trincado José G , Lane Richard R , Longa-Peña Penélope , Roman-Lopes Alexandre 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Numerous studies of integrated starlight, stellar counts, and kinematics have confirmed that the Milky Way is a barred galaxy. However, far fewer studies have investigated the bar’s stellar population properties, which carry valuable independent information regarding the bar’s formation history. Here, we conduct a detailed analysis of chemical abundance distributions ([Fe/H] and [Mg/Fe]) in the on-bar and off-bar regions to study the azimuthal variation of star formation history (SFH) in the inner Galaxy. We find that the on-bar and off-bar stars at Galactocentric radii 3 kpc &lt; rGC &lt; 5 kpc have remarkably consistent [Fe/H] and [Mg/Fe] distribution functions and [Mg/Fe]–[Fe/H] relation, suggesting a common SFH shared by the long bar and the disc. In contrast, the bar and disc at smaller radii (2 kpc &lt; rGC &lt; 3 kpc) show noticeable differences, with relatively more very metal-rich ($\rm [Fe/H] \sim 0.4$) stars but fewer solar abundance stars in the bar. Given the three-phase star formation history proposed for the inner Galaxy in Lian et al., these differences could be explained by the off-bar disc having experienced either a faster early quenching process or recent metal-poor gas accretion. Vertical variations of the abundance distributions at small rGC suggest a wider vertical distribution of low-α stars in the bar, which may serve as chemical evidence for vertical heating through the bar buckling process. The lack of such vertical variations outside the bulge may then suggest a lack of vertical heating in the long bar.
Jet propagation in expanding medium for gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Hamidani Hamid , Ioka Kunihito 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The binary neutron star (BNS) merger event GW170817 clearly shows that a BNS merger launches a short gamma-ray burst (sGRB) jet. Unlike collapsars, where the ambient medium is static, in BNS mergers the jet propagates through the merger ejecta that is expanding outward at substantial velocities (∼0.2c). Here, we present semi-analytical and analytical models to solve the propagation of GRB jets through their surrounding media. These models improve our previous model by including the jet collimation by the cocoon self-consistently. We also perform a series of 2D numerical simulations of jet propagation in BNS mergers and in collapsars to test our models. Our models are consistent with numerical simulations in every aspect (the jet head radius, the cocoon’s lateral width, the jet opening angle including collimation, the cocoon pressure, and the jet–cocoon morphology). The energy composition of the cocoon is found to be different depending on whether the ambient medium is expanding or not; in the case of BNS merger jets, the cocoon energy is dominated by kinetic energy, while it is dominated by internal energy in collapsars. Our model will be useful for estimating electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational waves.
Retrieval of energy spectra for all flavours of neutrinos from core-collapse supernova with multiple detectors
Authors: Nagakura Hiroki 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a new method by which to retrieve energy spectrum for all falvours of neutrinos from core-collapse supernova (CCSN). In the retrieval process, we do not assume any analytic formulas to express the energy spectrum of neutrinos but rather take a direct way of spectrum reconstruction from the observed data; the singular value decomposition algorithm with a newly developed adaptive energy-gridding technique is adopted. We employ three independent reaction channels having different flavour sensitivity to neutrinos. Two reaction channels, inverse beta decay on proton and elastic scattering on electrons, from a water Cherenkov detector such as Super-Kamiokande (SK) and Hyper-Kamiokande (HK), and a charged current reaction channel with Argon from the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) are adopted. Given neutrino oscillation models, we iteratively search the neutrino energy spectra at the CCSN source until they provide the consistent event counts in the three reaction channels. We test the capability of our method by demonstrating the spectrum retrieval to a theoretical neutrino data computed by our recent three-dimensional CCSN simulation. Although the energy spectrum with either electron-type or electron-type antineutrinos at the CCSN source has relatively large error compared to that of other species, the joint analysis with HK + DUNE or SK + DUNE will provide precise energy spectrum of all flavours of neutrinos at the source. Finally, we discuss perspectives for improvements of our method by using neutrino data of other detectors.
Rfam 14: expanded coverage of metagenomic, viral and microRNA families
Authors: Kalvari Ioanna , Nawrocki Eric P , Ontiveros-Palacios Nancy , Argasinska Joanna , Lamkiewicz Kevin , Marz Manja , Griffiths-Jones Sam , Toffano-Nioche Claire , Gautheret Daniel , Weinberg Zasha , Rivas Elena , Eddy Sean R , Finn Robert D , Bateman Alex , Petrov Anton I 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRfam is a database of RNA families where each of the 3444 families is represented by a multiple sequence alignment of known RNA sequences and a covariance model that can be used to search for additional members of the family. Recent developments have involved expert collaborations to improve the quality and coverage of Rfam data, focusing on microRNAs, viral and bacterial RNAs. We have completed the first phase of synchronising microRNA families in Rfam and miRBase, creating 356 new Rfam families and updating 40. We established a procedure for comprehensive annotation of viral RNA families starting with Flavivirus and Coronaviridae RNAs. We have also increased the coverage of bacterial and metagenome-based RNA families from the ZWD database. These developments have enabled a significant growth of the database, with the addition of 759 new families in Rfam 14. To facilitate further community contribution to Rfam, expert users are now able to build and submit new families using the newly developed Rfam Cloud family curation system. New Rfam website features include a new sequence similarity search powered by RNAcentral, as well as search and visualisation of families with pseudoknots. Rfam is freely available at https://rfam.org.
Cryo-EM structure of the highly atypical cytoplasmic ribosome of Euglena gracilis
Authors: Matzov Donna , Taoka Masato , Nobe Yuko , Yamauchi Yoshio , Halfon Yehuda , Asis Nofar , Zimermann Ella , Rozenberg Haim , Bashan Anat , Bhushan Shashi , Isobe Toshiaki , Gray Michael W , Yonath Ada , Shalev-Benami Moran 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Ribosomal RNA is the central component of the ribosome, mediating its functional and architectural properties. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of a highly divergent cytoplasmic ribosome from the single-celled eukaryotic alga Euglena gracilis. The Euglena large ribosomal subunit is distinct in that it contains 14 discrete rRNA fragments that are assembled non-covalently into the canonical ribosome structure. The rRNA is substantially enriched in post-transcriptional modifications that are spread far beyond the catalytic RNA core, contributing to the stabilization of this highly fragmented ribosome species. A unique cluster of five adenosine base methylations is found in an expansion segment adjacent to the protein exit tunnel, such that it is positioned for interaction with the nascent peptide. As well as featuring distinctive rRNA expansion segments, the Euglena ribosome contains four novel ribosomal proteins, localized to the ribosome surface, three of which do not have orthologs in other eukaryotes.
$1/\epsilon$ problem in resurgence
Authors: Sueishi Naohisa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper considers the $1/\epsilon$ problem, which is the divergent behavior of the ground-state energy of the asymmetric potential in quantum mechanics, which is calculated with semi-classical expansion and the resurgence technique. Using the resolvent method, it is shown that including not only one complex bion but a multi-complex bion and multi-bounce contributions solves this problem. This result indicates the importance of summing all possible saddle-point contributions and also the relationship between the exact Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation and path-integral formalism.
Quantization of the charge in Coulomb plus harmonic potential
Authors: Choun Yoon-Seok , Sin Sang-Jin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider two models where the wave equation can be reduced to the effective Schrödinger equation whose potential contains both harmonic and the Coulomb terms, $\omega^{2}r^{2}-a/r$. The equation reduces to the biconfluent Heun’s equation, and we find that the charge as well as the energy must be quantized and state-dependent. We also find that two quantum numbers are necessary to count radial degrees of freedom and suggest that this is a general feature of differential equation with higher singularity like the Heun’s equation.
The diagnostic value of GDF-15 for myocardial involvement in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Qiu Mengqian , Sun Xiaoxuan , Qi Xiaoqing , Liu Xianfang , Zhang Yue , Zhang Ning , Lu FengYun , Liu Wangyan , Changjing Feng , Wang Qiang , Zhou Lei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Cardiac involvement is a serious complication of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). GDF-15 can predict the risk and the prognosis of cardiovascular disease, but its value is unclear in IIM.

Objective
To investigate the diagnostic value of GDF-15 for myocardial involvement in IIM.

Methods
A total of 77 IIM patients from May 2018 to August 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Of these, 43 patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examination. There were 33 SLE patients and 16 healthy people were used as the control group. The concentration of GDF-15 of these groups was measured by ELISA.

Results
There were significant differences in GDF-15 levels in patients with IIM, SLE and healthy controls (H = 45.291, P&lt;0.001). GDF-15 levels were statistically significant different between IIM patients with the myocardial injury [1484.88(809.07 2835.50) pg/ml] and without myocardial injury [593.26(418.61 784.59) pg/ml, P =0.001]. After adjusted for age, renal function, the risk of myocardial injury in IIM patients increased an average of 0.3% by per increased unit of GDF-15 (odds ratio=1.003, 95% CI: 1.000, 1.007). The level of GDF-15 was positively correlated with extra-cellular volume (ECV) (rs = 0.348, P =0.028). GDF-15 ≥ 929.505 pg/ml (area under the curve=0.856, 95% CI: 0.744, 0.968) predicted myocardial injury in IIM with a sensitivity of 0.75 and specificity of 0.90.

Conclusion
GDF-15 could serve as a potential biomarker to predict myocardial injury in IIM patients.
Childhood violence exposure and social deprivation are linked to adolescent threat and reward neural function
Authors: Hein Tyler C , Goetschius Leigh G , McLoyd Vonnie C , Brooks-Gunn Jeanne , McLanahan Sara S , Mitchell Colter , Lopez-Duran Nestor L , Hyde Luke W , Monk Christopher S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Childhood adversity is, unfortunately, highly prevalent and strongly associated with later psychopathology. Recent theories posit that two dimensions of early adversity, threat and deprivation, have distinct effects on brain development. The current study evaluated whether violence exposure (threat) and social deprivation (deprivation) were associated with adolescent amygdala and ventral striatum activation, respectively, in a prospective, well-sampled, longitudinal cohort using a pre-registered, open science approach.

Methods
One hundred and sixty-seven adolescents from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study completed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Prospective longitudinal data from ages 3, 5 and 9 years were used to create indices of childhood violence exposure and social deprivation. We evaluated whether these dimensions were associated with adolescent brain function in response to threatening and rewarding faces.

Results
Childhood violence exposure was associated with decreased amygdala habituation (i.e. more sustained activation) and activation to angry faces in adolescence, whereas childhood social deprivation was associated with decreased ventral striatum activation to happy faces in adolescence. These associations held when adjusting for the other dimension of adversity (e.g., adjusting for social deprivation when examining associations with violence exposure), the interaction of the two dimensions of adversity, gender, internalizing psychopathology, and current life stress.

Conclusions
Consistent with recent theories, different forms of early adversity were associated with region-specific differences in brain activation.
Successful Treatment of Acanthamoeba Meningoencephalitis in an Immunocompetent Child
Authors: Öcal Demir Sevliya , Besli Gülser Esen , Bucak Abdulmelik , Boral Özden , Baysal Begümhan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis is a very rare entity with high mortality rate. Its diagnosis is usually delated, and the optimal approach for its treatment is uncertain. In presented case, early diagnosis was made with direct examination of cerebral spinal fluid, and immediate initiation of accurate treatment with amphotericin B and fluconazole survived patient.
Original Research: Family Presence During Resuscitation: Medical–Surgical Nurses' Perceptions, Self-Confidence, and Use of Invitations
Authors: Powers Kelly , Reeve Charlie L. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Family presence during resuscitation (FPDR) upholds family-centered care principles and can result in better family member outcomes; yet it isn't routinely implemented by nurses. Prior studies have examined predictors of support for FPDR among nurses caring for high acuity patients, but limited research involves medical–surgical nurses. This is problematic because resuscitation occurs in all inpatient settings.

Purpose:
This study sought to examine the personal, professional, and workplace factors associated with medical–surgical nurses' perceptions, self-confidence, and use of invitations regarding FPDR. It also aimed to explore potential barriers to FPDR and nurses' educational preferences, in order to inform the design of interventions that might improve FPDR implementation in this practice setting.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey design was used to examine which factors are predictors of medical–surgical nurses' FPDR perceptions, self-confidence, and use of invitations. Data on nurses' perceptions of barriers and educational preferences were collected via survey as well.

Results:
The sample of 51 medical–surgical nurses reported overall neutral perceptions of FPDR. Yet 63% had never invited family members to experience resuscitation. The most significant predictor of more favorable perceptions, higher self-confidence, and greater use of invitations was having prior experience with FPDR. Analysis of perceived barriers indicates that these can be addressed through providing nurses with supportive FPDR policies and education. But only 14% of participants reported that their facility or unit had a written FPDR policy and just 16% had ever received any FPDR education.

Conclusions:
FPDR is not commonly practiced on medical–surgical units. Providing medical–surgical nurses with experience, policies, and education is recommended to improve FPDR implementation rates in this practice setting.
Mnemonic to assist in the treatment of NSTE-ACS
Authors: Hussein Mohamed El , Hakkola Jonah 
Published: October 2020

Abstract:
Acute care NPs are in an ideal position to diagnose and manage non-ST-segment elevation (NSTE)-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) by implementing guideline-driven medical interventions. Utilizing mnemonics improves efficiency of clinicians in practice. This article introduces a mnemonic to assist NPs in their response to patients with NSTE-ACS.