bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing speeding via inanimate police presence
Authors: Simpson Rylan , McCutcheon Mark , Lal Darryl 
Published: July 2020

Research SummaryThe present research uses data from a police‐directed field study to explore the effects of police presence on speeding in two large cities in British Columbia, Canada. As part of the study, an inanimate but realistic‐appearing police cut‐out (“Constable Scarecrow”) was strategically positioned along roadways while motorist speed was measured using a radar‐recording device. The analyses of the multisite evaluation reveal that the presence of the cut‐out can reduce speeding when deployed along arterial roadways.Policy ImplicationsTraffic collisions are a leading cause of death and nonfatal injuries for people worldwide. A well‐documented contributor to traffic collisions is speed. Controlling speed has thus become a priority for government, police, and community groups across the world. The findings from the present research demonstrate that police can reduce speeding via their inanimate presence. This is the first known study to evaluate the effects of an inanimate but realistic‐appearing police cut‐out on motorist behavior: a sustainable, low‐cost, and easily implementable intervention for communities of all sizes in all places.
Preoperative anaesthesia triage with a patient‐centred system—A prospective clinical study
Authors: Molin Clara , Rovsing Marie Louise , Meyhoff Christian S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncrease in day surgery has challenged preoperative anaesthesia with need to identify a few high‐risk patients requiring detailed preoperative intervention. We aimed to assess if a nurse‐administered Preoperative Patient‐centred Anaesthesia System (Pre‐PAS) could identify high‐risk patients, defined as ASA score III‐IV, before surgery and allow triage in standard preanaesthesia care. We hypothesized that Pre‐PAS ≥ 1 would identify ASA III‐IV patients with high specificity.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study, where twelve preoperative risk factors were recorded before surgery with the Pre‐PAS questionnaire along with a score from zero to twelve based on the number of positive criteria. Only patients with a Pre‐PAS score ≥ 1 were followed by mandatory preoperative anaesthetists' assessment visit. Medical records were reviewed to ensure accurate ASA score evaluation, surgical cancellations and airway difficulties. Association between Pre‐PAS score and ASA score was evaluated by Fisher's exact test.ResultsIn a total of 487 included patients, 92% of high‐risk patients (ASA III‐IV) and 54% of low‐risk patients (ASA I‐II) had Pre‐PAS score ≥ 1 (P ≤ .001). Nine out of 12 Pre‐PAS criteria were significantly associated with higher frequency in ASA III‐IV. Pre‐PAS reduced number of preanaesthetic visits by 39%. Pre‐PAS ≥ 1 had a sensitivity of 0.92 and a specificity of 0.46 for ASA III‐IV.ConclusionsA patient‐centred preoperative triage system had high sensitivity for identifying ASA III‐IV, and multiple Pre‐PAS variables were associated with ASA III‐IV, but the model had low specificity. Pre‐PAS may guide triage of relevant patients to preanaesthetic visit.
Early detection of intraneural and intravascular injections with real‐time injection pressure monitoring in cadavers
Authors: Saporito Andrea , Quadri Christian , Steinfeldt Thorsten , Wiesmann Thomas , Cantini Laura Micòl , Capdevila Xavier 
Published: July 2020

Background and ObjectivesInjection pressure monitoring can help detecting the needle tip position and avoid intraneural injection. However, it shall be measured at the needle tip in order to be accurate and reproducible with any injection system and non operator‐dependent. With an innovative system monitoring the injection pressure right at the needle tip we show that it is possible to early detect an intraneural and also an intravascular injection.MethodsWe performed supraclavicular block‐like procedures under real‐time ultrasound guidance on two fresh cadaver torsos using a sensing needle with an optical fiber pressure sensor within the shaft continuously measuring injection pressure at the needle tip. A total of 45 ultrasound‐guided injections were performed (15 perineural, 15 intraneural and 15 intravenous injections).ResultsMean (SD) injection pressure after only 1 mL injected volume was already significantly higher for the intraneural compared to the perineural injections: 70.46 kPa (11.72) vs 8.34 (4.68) kPa; P < .001. Mean (SD) injection pressure at 1 mL injected volume was significantly lower for the intravascular compared to the perineural injections: 1.51 (0.48) vs 8.34 (4.68) kPa; P < .001.ConclusionsOur results show that injection pressure monitoring at the needle tip has the potential to help identifying an accidental intraneural or intravascular injection at a very early stage.
SNP‐based heritability and genetic architecture of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Cook S. R. , Conzemius M. G. , McCue M. E. , Ekenstedt K. J. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryCranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) is one of the leading causes of pelvic limb lameness in dogs. About 6% of Labrador Retrievers suffer from this orthopedic problem. The aim of this study was to determine the heritability of CCLR in this breed using SNP array genotyping data. DNA samples were collected from CCLR‐affected dogs (n = 190) and unaffected dogs over the age of 8 years (n = 143). All 333 dogs were genotyped directly or imputed up to approximately 710k SNPs on the Affymetrix Axiom CanineHD SNP array. Heritability of CCLR was calculated using multiple methodologies, including linear mixed models, Bayesian models and a model that incorporates LD. The covariates of sex and sterilization status were added to each analysis to assess their impact. Across the algorithms of these models, heritability ranged from 0.550 to 0.886, depending on covariate inclusion. The relatively high heritability for this disease indicates that a substantial genetic component contributes to CCLR in the Labrador Retriever.
Adaptation and Mitigation amid the Consequences of Failure
Authors: Cox Paul , Cox Stan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSocieties once could choose between changing direction or dealing with climatic disaster; now it is necessary to do both at once. The best‐laid plans for mitigation would be hard enough to fulfill in a stable climate, but they will be vastly harder in the climate chaos ahead. If simultaneous mitigation and adaptation are still achievable, such a difficult balance cannot also take on the burden of supporting unrestrained economic growth. The failing efforts so far have been dominated by a search for synergistic ways to mitigate, adapt, and grow economies at the same time, while wishing away the predictable trade‐offs between these goals. Wealthy polluting countries have enforced this optimistic spirit in international climate debates, in part to counter the language of loss and damage, which they have seen as a direct challenge. Key to their effort has been a reframing of adaptation that flips the focus from the vulnerability of exposed populations to their resilience. However, the reality of implementing plans for resilience is running into problems, and those populations are instead taking up the banner of climate justice. Debt‐ and disaster‐plagued Puerto Rico illustrates the failure of both adaptation and mitigation through growth and the promise of climate justice as a means to articulate other forms of balance.
Introduction of the MyoSureLITE in an established outpatient hysteroscopy clinic
Authors: Gordon Hannah G. , Mooney Samantha , Readman Emma 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundEndometrial polyps are a common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding. The MyoSureLITE intrauterine morcellation device is effective at resecting endometrial polyps; however, its use in the outpatient setting requires appraisal.AimTo assess the feasibility, utility, acceptability and costs associated with introduction of the MyoSureLITE into an established outpatient hysteroscopy (OPH) clinic.Material and MethodsA prospective clinical database from a tertiary Melbourne hospital was analysed from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2018. Three 12‐month time periods were compared: pre‐introduction and trial phase, early use, and established use of the MyoSureLITE. Wait times, patient acceptability, second OPH bookings and procedure costs were measured.ResultsEight hundred and seventy‐one women underwent OPH during the study period, with 238 (27.3%) women presenting with endometrial polyp(s). At each timepoint, 78.5, 25 and 6.3% of women required rebooking for a subsequent hysteroscopy for pathology otherwise suitable for MyoSureLITE resection. Introduction of the MyoSureLITE avoided a subsequent procedure for 4, 60 and 69 women respectively for each year of use, with potentially reduced treatment costs for the institution. Median (IQR) wait time for definitive treatment of intrauterine pathology was 56 (24–84) days at time‐period 1, decreasing to 0 (0–0) days during time‐period 3, (P < 0.001); 87.6% would undergo OPH again.ConclusionsRoutine use of the MyoSureLITE is effective, feasible, and acceptable to women. Provision of this device in outpatient service allows a ‘see‐and‐treat’ model, saving theatre time and treatment costs, facilitating a more direct throughput from presentation to treatment.
Neutralizing antibody to proNGF rescues erectile function by regulating the expression of neurotrophic and angiogenic factors in a mouse model of cavernous nerve injury
Authors: Chung Doo Yong , Song Kang‐Moon , Choi Min‐Ji , Limanjaya Anita , Ghatak Kalyan , Ock Jiyeon , Yin Guo Nan , Hong Chang Hee , Hong Soon‐Sun , Suh Jun‐Kyu , Ryu Ji‐Kan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundRadical prostatectomy induces some degree of cavernous nerve injury (CNI) and causes denervation‐induced pathologic changes in cavernous vasculature, regardless of the advances in surgical techniques and robotic procedures. The precursor for nerve growth factor (proNGF) is known to be involved in neuronal cell apoptosis and microvascular dysfunction through its receptor p75NTR.ObjectivesTo determine the expression of proNGF/p75NTR and the efficacy of proNGF neutralizing antibody (anti‐proNGF‐Ab) in a mouse model of ED induced by CNI.Materials and MethodsAge‐matched 12‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice were distributed into three groups: sham group and bilateral CNI group treated with intracavernous injections of PBS (20 μL) or of anti‐proNGF‐Ab (20 µg in 20 μL of PBS) on days −3 and 0. Two weeks after treatment, erectile function was measured by electrical stimulation of cavernous nerve. Penis tissues from a separate group of animals were harvested for further analysis. We also determined the efficacy of anti‐proNGF‐Ab on neural preservation in major pelvic ganglion (MPG) ex vivo.ResultsWe observed increased penile expression of proNGF and p75NTR after CNI. Intracavernous administration of anti‐proNGF‐Ab increased nNOS and neurofilament expression probably by enhancing the production of neurotrophic factors, such as neurotrophin‐3, NGF, and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor. Anti‐proNGF‐Ab preserved the integrity of cavernous sinusoids, such as pericytes, endothelial cells, and endothelial cell‐to‐cell junctions, possibly by controlling angiogenic factors (angiopoietin‐1, angiopoietin‐2, and vascular endothelial growth factor) and induced endogenous eNOS phosphorylation in CNI mice. And finally, treatment with anti‐proNGF‐Ab rescued erectile function in CNI mice. Anti‐proNGF‐Ab also enhanced neurite sprouting from MPG exposed to lipopolysaccharide.Discussion and ConclusionThe preservation of damaged cavernous neurovasculature through inhibition of the proNGF/p75NTR pathway may be a novel strategy to treat radical prostatectomy‐induced erectile dysfunction.
Current status of laparoscopic bariatric/metabolic surgery in Japan: The sixth nationwide survey by the Japan Consortium of Obesity and Metabolic Surgery
Authors: Ohta Masayuki , Kasama Kazunori , Sasaki Akira , Naitoh Takeshi , Seki Yosuke , Inamine Susumu , Oshiro Takashi , Doki Yuichiro , Seto Yasuyuki , Hayashi Hideki , Uyama Ichiro , Takiguchi Shuji , Kojima Kazuyuki , Mori Toshiyuki , Inomata Masafumi , Kitagawa Yuko , Kitano Seigo ,   Japan Consortium of Obesity and Metabolic Surgery (JCOMS)
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic bariatric procedures have been performed in Japan since 2000. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has been fully covered by National Health Insurance since 2014, and it has been increasingly performed recently. The Japan Consortium of Obesity and Metabolic Surgery conducts a nationwide survey on laparoscopic bariatric/metabolic surgery every 2 years.MethodsThe survey was sent by post or email to 97 Japanese institutions in January 2020.ResultsFrom 2000 to 2019, a total of 3669 laparoscopic bariatric/metabolic procedures were performed in 64 institutions. The most popular procedure was LSG (n = 2866), followed by LSG with duodenojejunal bypass (LSG‐DJB, n = 337) and laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (LRYGB, n = 280). Morbidity and reoperation rates were, respectively, 29.8% and 11.8% for LRYGB, 16.8% and 2.8% for LSG, and 13.6% and 6.6% for LSG‐DJB. At 5 years after the procedures, the percentage of excess weight loss was 78% for LRYGB, 66% for LSG, and 80% for LSG‐DJB.ConclusionThis nationwide survey clearly showed that laparoscopic bariatric/metabolic surgery has been safely and effectively performed for 20 years in Japan.
Corruption in agricultural processing firms: A comparison of cooperatives and investor‐owned firms
Authors: Fulton Murray E. , Giannakas Konstantinos 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper examines managerial corruption in cooperatives (co‐ops) and investor‐owned firms (IOFs), including its impact on prices and farmer welfare. Even when co‐op managers have greater incentives to engage in corruption because of the co‐op's larger production, the resulting corruption is not sufficient to offset the competitive effect that co‐ops exert vis‐à‐vis IOFs. This conclusion holds regardless of the functional form of the production function, the farm input supply curve, and the demand curve for the processed product. In addition to showing the robustness of the competition effect, the paper provides a highly flexible modeling framework that can be used to examine other co‐op behavior questions.
Pediatric contact allergy: A comparative study with adults
Authors: Boonchai Waranya , Chaiyabutr Chayada , Charoenpipatsin Norramon , Sukakul Thanisorn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPediatric allergic contact dermatitis is increasing. The patch test allergens included in pediatric baseline series vary globally. The worldwide prevalence of pediatric reactions to allergens needs clarification.ObjectivesIdentify the prevalence, associated factors, and culprit allergens for contact allergy among patch‐tested Thai children, and compare with those for adults.MethodsBaseline series patch test results from 2010–2019 were collected for patients younger than 18 years of age. As a control group, sex‐matched adult patients were randomly selected. The results and characteristics of the two groups were compared.ResultsThe median age of 112 patch tested pediatric patients was 16 (range 2–17) years. Of the children, 35.5% had at least one positive reaction, significantly less than the 56.6% for adults. The five most common pediatric allergens were nickel sulfate (12.1%), potassium dichromate (8.0%), methylisothiazolinone (7.1%), fragrance mix II (6.0%), and carba mix (5.4%). Although similar, the 10 most common allergens of the groups differed in order. Positive reactions to cosmetic allergens were significantly less frequent among the children. Many allergens remained entirely negative.ConclusionsThe prevalence of positive reactions was lower in children, varying by population and region. The top‐10 pediatric and adult causative allergens were almost identical. We recommend using the same baseline patch test series for children and adults in our region.
Research–management partnerships: An opportunity to integrate genetics in conservation actions
Authors: Taft Heather R. , McCoskey Dana N. , Miller Joshua M. , Pearson Sarah K. , Coleman Melinda A. , Fletcher Nicholas K. , Mittan Cinnamon S. , Meek Mariah H. , Barbosa Soraia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPreserving genetic diversity is a central goal in conservation biology, but there is a mismatch between the availability of genetic data and its use in conservation policy. In this study, we surveyed conservation practitioners from academic and government institutions to identify barriers preventing the use of genetic data for conservation practice and policy. Our survey data indicates that the majority of respondents are interested in using genetic tools, and many have used them in the past. Most of these genetic studies were facilitated by partnerships with academic and private organizations, which was the preferred method for integrating genetic research in practice by managers. Although much progress has been made to incorporate genetic study in conservation practice, differences in research goals, the cost of analyses and lack of specialized personnel continue to be barriers to incorporating genetic study in evaluating management actions and informing legislation. We recommend increasing the number of collaborative partnerships between genetic researchers and conservation managers to support management strategies of wild populations.
The utility of zooarchaeological data to guide listing efforts for an imperiled mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionidae: Pleurobema riddellii)
Authors: Randklev Charles R. , Wolverton Steve , Johnson Nathan A. , Smith Chase H. , DuBose Traci P. , Robertson Clinton R. , Conley Julian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe status of species in freshwater systems shift over time due to natural and anthropogenic causes. Determining the magnitude and cause of these shifts requires a long‐term perspective. This process is complicated when there are also questions about the taxonomic validity of a species. Addressing these issues is important because both can undermine conservation and management efforts if incorrect. Pleurobema riddellii, Louisiana Pigtoe, is under review for protection under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, but its status in the Trinity River basin, where the taxon was described, remains in doubt due to questions about its taxonomy and occurrence within this basin. To address these questions, we compared shell morphometrics of P. riddellii dating to the late Holocene with modern P. riddellii, late Holocene Fusconaia sp., and modern Fusconaia sp. using multivariate analyses to test associations between the putative morphotypes. Based on these analyses, we demonstrate that P. riddellii was likely present in the Trinity during the late Holocene, which indicates questions about its taxonomic validity or presence in this basin are unfounded. Our study further highlights the role zooarchaeological studies can play in status assessments and their utility in better understanding biogeographic patterns for rare species.
The role of the renin‐angiotensin system in skin physiology and pathophysiology
Authors: Silva Igor Maciel Souza , Assersen Kasper Bostlund , Willadsen Natalie Nanette , Jepsen Julie , Artuc Metin , Steckelings Ulrike Muscha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince its first description around the year 2000, the local renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) in skin has been subject of an increasing number of studies with many additions over the last two to three years. A focus of research has been investigations on the role of cutaneous angiotensin receptors and locally synthesised angiotensin II in wound healing, in dermatoses associated with skin fibrosis and in melanoma. This review will provide an introduction into the RAS with emphasis on information relevant for the cutaneous RAS. It will discuss the role of the RAS in skin physiology, followed by a detailed review of the existing literature addressing the role of local angiotensin II and angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptors in wound healing and in various skin diseases such as hypertrophic scars/keloids, scleroderma, dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, Dupuytren's disease, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and psoriasis. In a final section, the potential relevance of drugs, which interfere with the RAS, for future therapy of dermatological disorders is discussed. Collectively, research about the RAS in skin can currently be described as an area, which has gained increasing attention by basic researchers, thus resulting in a multitude of preclinical studies pointing to the potential relevance of components of the RAS as drug targets in dermatological diseases. With a few small clinical studies already performed successfully for indications such as hypertrophic scars and keloids, it can be said that the skin RAS is now in the critical phase of translation from preclinical evidence to clinical use.
Financial Strain and Attitude Toward Retirement Among Aging Chinese Adults: The Influence of Family
Authors: Bai Xue , Liu Chang 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThis study examined the influences of intergenerational relations and marriage on the relationship between financial strain and attitude toward retirement among aging adults in Hong Kong.BackgroundFinancial strain is a source of worry among many older adults in Hong Kong. A considerable percentage of retirees and pre‐retirees have negative attitudes toward retirement.MethodRepresentative survey data were collected from 767 participants (335 men and 432 women) with 294 participants aged 50 to 64 years; 473, aged 65 years or older).ResultsFinancial strain was negatively associated with attitude toward retirement both directly and indirectly through intergenerational relationship quality. Cohort differences were identified as affectual closeness and intergenerational conflict (two subdomains of intergenerational relationship quality) partially mediated the relationship between financial strain and attitude toward retirement for the younger cohort aged 50 to 64 years, whereas for adults aged ≥65 years, only affectual closeness was a significant partial mediator. Marriage only acted as a moderator for the younger cohort.ConclusionThe mediating effect of intergenerational relationship quality and moderating effect of marriage were identified, as well as cohort differences.ImplicationsTailored programs and policies should be developed for different age groups to enhance intergenerational relations and retirement preparation.
CHALLENGING THE POLITICS OF GERMAN VICTIMHOOD: MEMORY ACTIVISM AND THE CONTESTED ANNIVERSARY OF THE DRESDEN BOMBINGS SINCE 2005
Authors: Petzold Stephan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe anniversaries of the bombings of Dresden on 13 and 14 February 1945 have become key events in Germany's memory calendar. This article examines the role that local civil society agents have played in shaping, and changing, local memory culture in Dresden after 2005. It will explore how different memory agents interpreted the Dresden bombings, what significance for the present they attributed to them, what memory practices they adopted, and how these led to a significant transformation of local memory culture. I will argue that the years 2005 to 2016 saw two important shifts in local memory culture. First, the initiatives of local civil society activists, who aimed to resurrect ‘forgotten’ memories and advocated alternative memory practices, resulted in a more diverse and pluralist local memory landscape. A key dimension of this was the diversification of the meaning of victimhood that included, crucially, victims of Nazi persecution. Secondly, these years witnessed a reassessment of the meaning of the Dresden bombings and of the inherently political character of the annual commemoration, linking the legacy of the bombings unambiguously to the fight for tolerance and against right‐wing extremism.