bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryopreservation of single-sperm: where are we today?
Authors: Liu Shasha , Li Fuping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with severe oligospermia and nonobstructive azoospermia have very limited numbers of viable sperm in their epididymal and testicular samples. Thus, cryopreservation of their sperm is performed to avoid repeated sperm retrievals and to preserve their sperm from any side effects of any treatment regimens.Main bodyThe development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection technology has extended the therapeutic capacity of assisted reproductive technology for men with azoospermia via the surgical or percutaneous isolation of sperm from the testis/epididymis. The conventional cryopreservation techniques are inadequate for preserving individually selected sperm. The technique for freezing single sperm was first developed in 1997 and has been explored from the perspective of frozen carriers, freezing programs, and cryoprotectant formulations. Among these methods, advances in frozen carriers have directly improved single-sperm freezing technology. In this review, we evaluate the different technologies for the cryopreservation of single sperm by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of different freezing methods, their clinical applications, and the outcomes for a range of frozen carriers.ConclusionOur review article describes the latest and current technologies implemented for the cryopreservation of single sperm that could potentially benefit patients with severe oligospermia and who rarely have any sperm in their ejaculate. This review provides a platform to understand the process and pitfalls of single-sperm cryopreservation to ensure further improvements in the cryopreservation technology in future studies.
Immuno-metabolic impact of the multiple sclerosis patients’ sera on endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier
Authors: Sheikh M. H. , Henson S. M. , Loiola R. A. , Mercurio S. , Colamatteo A. , Maniscalco G. T. , De Rosa V. , McArthur S. , Solito E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease which results from the invasion of the brain by activated immune cells across the endothelial cells (ECs) of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), due to loss of immune self-tolerance. Many reports define the metabolic profile of immune cells in MS, however little is known about the metabolism of the BBB ECs during the disease. We aim to determine whether circulating factors in MS induce metabolic alterations of the BBB ECs compared to a healthy state, which can be linked with disruption of BBB integrity and subsequent immune cell extravasation.

Methods and results
In this report, we used an in vitro model to study the effect of sera from naïve-to-treatment, relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients on the human brain microvascular endothelium, comparing effects to age/sex-matched healthy donor (HD) sera. Our data show that RRMS serum components affect brain endothelial cells by impairing intercellular tightness through the down-modulation of occludin and VE-cadherin, and facilitating immune cell extravasation through upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). At a metabolic level, the treatment of the endothelial cells with RRMS sera reduced their glycolytic activity (measured through the extracellular acidification rate-ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (oxidative phosphorylation rate-OCR). Such changes were associated with the down-modulation of endothelial glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) expression and by altered mitochondrial membrane potential. Higher level of reactive oxygen species released from the endothelial cells treated with RRMS sera indicate a pro-inflammatory status of the cells together with the higher expression of ICAM-1, endothelial cell cytoskeleton perturbation (stress fibres) as well as disruption of the cytoskeleton signal transduction MSK1/2 and β-catenin phosphorylation.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that circulating factors present in RRMS patient serum induce physiological and biochemical alterations to the BBB, namely reducing expression of essential tightness regulators, as well as reduced engagement of glycolysis and alteration of mitochondrial potential. As these last changes have been linked with alterations in nutrient usage and metabolic function in immune cells; we propose that the BBB endothelium of MS patients may similarly undergo metabolic dysregulation, leading to enhanced permeability and increased disease susceptibility.
How obsessive–compulsive and bipolar disorders meet each other? An integrative gene-based enrichment approach
Authors: Hamidian Sajedeh , Pourshahbaz Abbas , Bozorgmehr Ali , Ananloo Esmaeil Shahsavand , Dolatshahi Behrooz , Ohadi Mina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The novel approaches to psychiatric classification assume that disorders, contrary to what was previously thought, are not completely separate phenomena. In this regard, in addition to symptom-based criteria, disturbances are also considered on the basis of lower level components. With this viewpoint, identifying common biochemical markers would be beneficial in adopting a comprehensive strategy for prevention, diagnosis and treatment.

Main body
One of the problematic areas in clinical settings is the coexistence of both obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and bipolar disorder (BD) that is challenging and difficult to manage. In this study, using a system biologic approach we aimed to assess the interconnectedness of OCD and BD at different levels. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) method was used to identify the shared biological network between the two disorders. The results of the analysis revealed 34 common genes between the two disorders, the most important of which were CACNA1C, GRIA1, DRD2, NOS1, SLC18A1, HTR2A and DRD1. Dopaminergic synapse and cAMP signaling pathway as the pathways, dopamine binding and dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity as the molecular functions, dendrite and axon part as the cellular component and cortex and striatum as the brain regions were the most significant commonalities.

Short conclusion
The results of this study highlight the role of multiple systems, especially the dopaminergic system in linking OCD and BD. The results can be used to estimate the disease course, prognosis, and treatment choice, particularly in the cases of comorbidity. Such perspectives, going beyond symptomatic level, help to identify common endophenotypes between the disorders and provide diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on biological in addition to the symptomatic level.
“Left ventricular lipoma….. a rare case”, case report
Authors: Shamsi Fahad , Bajwa Gurjyot , Ghalib Hussam 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
A cardiac lipoma is a rare primary cardiac tumor. They are usually asymptomatic and carry a good prognosis. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) is the confirmatory investigation of choice.

Case presentation
We present a case of left ventricular lipoma in an asymptomatic patient, which was successfully treated with surgical resection.

Conclusion
Cardiac lipomas are rare and are usually benign. There is no guideline on the management of cardiac lipomas and treatment is individualized.
A case of giant main pulmonary artery aneurysm associated with complicated congenital heart disease and simultaneous chronic pulmonary artery dissection
Authors: Wang Yue-bo , Chen Guang-wen , Pu Hong , Li Hang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA), usually associated with congenital heart disease (CHD), is a very rare clinical condition. Pulmonary artery dissection (PAD) is considered the most life-threatening complication of PAA, and patients can progress from being asymptomatic to sudden death. We report the following case of PAA associated with complicated congenital heart disease and simultaneous chronic PAD. To our knowledge, few such complicated cases have ever been reported.

Case presentation
A 36-year-old male presented to our hospital with a 10-year history of heart fatigue after activities and aggravated for 2 years. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) and echocardiogram showed a giant main pulmonary artery aneurysm (14 cm) with complicated congenital heart disease (a small patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defects, aortic coarctation). Chronic PAD, which was mistaken for a pulmonary valve before operation, was detected during surgery.

Conclusions
PAA associated with complicated CHD and simultaneous PAD is very rare, and its clinical symptoms are varied. Radiologists and surgeons should pay attention to determining whether this patient simultaneously had PAD when PAA was detected on preoperative CTA imaging.
APEC: an accesson-based method for single-cell chromatin accessibility analysis
Authors: Li Bin , Li Young , Li Kun , Zhu Lianbang , Yu Qiaoni , Cai Pengfei , Fang Jingwen , Zhang Wen , Du Pengcheng , Jiang Chen , Lin Jun , Qu Kun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe development of sequencing technologies has promoted the survey of genome-wide chromatin accessibility at single-cell resolution. However, comprehensive analysis of single-cell epigenomic profiles remains a challenge. Here, we introduce an accessibility pattern-based epigenomic clustering (APEC) method, which classifies each cell by groups of accessible regions with synergistic signal patterns termed “accessons”. This python-based package greatly improves the accuracy of unsupervised single-cell clustering for many public datasets. It also predicts gene expression, identifies enriched motifs, discovers super-enhancers, and projects pseudotime trajectories. APEC is available athttps://github.com/QuKunLab/APEC.
The effect of supplemental oxygen on perioperative brain natriuretic peptide concentration in cardiac risk patients – a protocol for a prosprective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Reiterer Christian , Kabon Barbara , von Sonnenburg Markus Falkner , Starlinger Patrick , Taschner Alexander , Zotti Oliver , Goshin Julius , Drlicek Gregor , Fleischmann Edith 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Elevated postoperative N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations are predictive for cardiac adverse events in noncardiac surgery. Studies indicate that supplemental oxygen decreases sympathetic nerve activity and might, therefore, improve cardiovascular function. Thus, we will test the effect of perioperative supplemental oxygen administration on NT-proBNP release after surgery.

Methods/design
We will conduct a single-center, double-blinded, randomized trial at the Medical University of Vienna, including 260 patients with increased cardiac risk factors undergoing moderate- to high-risk noncardiac surgery. Patients will be randomly assigned to receive 80% versus 30% oxygen during surgery and for 2 h postoperatively. The primary outcome will be the difference in maximum NT-proBNP release after surgery.
As secondary outcomes we will assess the effect of supplemental oxygen on postoperative maximum troponin T concentration, oxidation-reduction potential, von Willebrand factor concentration and perioperative fluid requirements. We will perform outcome measurements 2 h after surgery, on postoperative day 1 and on postoperative day 3. The NT-proBNP concentration and the oxidation-reduction potential will also be measured within 72 h before discharge.

Discussion
Our trial should determine whether perioperative supplemental oxygen administration will reduce the postoperative release of NT-proBNP in patients with preoperative increased cardiovascular risk factors undergoing noncardiac surgery.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03366857. Registered on 8th December 2017.
Effect of altitude of coffee plants on the composition of fatty acids of green coffee beans
Authors: Tsegay Girmay , Redi-Abshiro Mesfin , Chandravanshi Bhagwan Singh , Ele Estifanos , Mohammed Ahmed M. , Mamo Hassen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The fatty acids of green coffee beans are one of the major components that determine the quality of coffee. Fatty acids composition of green coffee beans is affected by soil composition and altitude of coffee plants. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of altitude of the coffee plants on the composition of fatty acids in green coffee beans.

Methods
Fatty acids contents of 40 green coffee beans samples collected from the coffee plants grown at different altitudes (group 1: 1500–1700, group 2: 1701–1900 and group 3: > 1900 m.a.s.l.) in Ethiopia were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Chemometric data analyses were performed to determine the effects of altitude on the fatty acid composition of the green coffee beans.

Results
The green coffee beans contained main saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid with an average value of 55.5 mg/g and unsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid with an average value of 51.6 mg/g. The other major constituents of fatty acids present in green coffee beans were stearic and oleic acids with the value of 12.3 mg/g and 8.92 mg/g, respectively. Palmitic acid content in lowland green coffee beans is significantly different than in the other two regions. On the other hand, stearic and oleic acids contents in the green coffee beans did not show a significant difference between the three topographical regions. While linoleic acid content in the green coffee beans showed significant difference between group 1 and 3 but did not show significant differences between group 1 and 2 and between group 2 and 3. The four major fatty acids, palmitic (R = − 0.574), linoleic (R = − 0.506), stearic (R = − 0.43) and oleic acids (R = − 0.291) in green coffee beans showed a moderate negative correlation with the altitude of coffee plants.

Conclusion
The fatty acids contents decreases with increasing altitude of the coffee plants and hence affects the quality of coffee. The fatty acid composition of green coffee beans can also be used to determine the topographical origin of coffee plants.
Electrochemical detection of Toxocara canis excretory-secretory antigens in children from rural communities in Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador: association between active infection and high eosinophilia
Authors: Morales-Yánez Francisco , Trashin Stanislav , Sariego Idalia , Roucher Clémentine , Paredis Linda , Chico Martha , De Wael Karolien , Muyldermans Serge , Cooper Philip , Polman Katja 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of activeToxocara canisinfections in humans is challenging. Larval stages ofT. canisdo not replicate in human tissues and disease may result from infection with a singleT. canislarva. Recently, we developed a nanobody-based electrochemical magnetosensor assay with superior sensitivity to detectT. canisexcretory-secretory (TES) antigens. Here, we evaluate the performance of the assay in children from an Ecuadorian birth cohort that followed children to five years of age.MethodsSamples were selected based on the presence of peripheral blood eosinophilia and relative eosinophil counts. The samples were analyzed by the nanobody-based electrochemical magnetosensor assay, which utilizes a bivalent biotinylated nanobody as capturing agent on the surface of streptavidin pre-coated paramagnetic beads. Detection was performed by a different nanobody chemically labelled with horseradish peroxidase.ResultsOf 87 samples tested, 33 (38%) scored positive for TES antigen recognition by the electrochemical magnetosensor assay. The average concentration of TES antigen in serum was 2.1 ng/ml (SD = 1.1). The positive result in the electrochemical assay was associated with eosinophilia > 19% (P = 0.001). Parasitological data were available for 57 samples. There was no significant association between positivity by the electrochemical assay and the presence of other soil-transmitted helminth infections.ConclusionsOur nanobody-based electrochemical assay provides highly sensitive quantification of TES antigens in serum and has potential as a valuable tool for the diagnosis of active human toxocariasis.
Dimension reduction for compressible Navier–Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity
Authors: Zhang Mingyu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the Navier–Stokes equations describing the motion of a compressible viscous fluid confined to a thin domain $\varOmega _{\varepsilon }=I_{\varepsilon }\times (0, 1)$Ωε=Iε×(0,1), $I_{ \varepsilon }=(0, \varepsilon )\subset \mathbb{R}$Iε=(0,ε)⊂R. We show that the strong solutions in the 2D domain converge to the classical solutions of the limit 1D Navier–Stokes system as $\varepsilon \to 0$ε→0.
Existence of positive radial solution for Neumann problem on the Heisenberg group
Authors: Safari F. , Razani A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe existence of at least one positive radial solution of the Neumann problem$$ -\Delta _{\mathbb{H}^{n}} u+R(\xi ) u=a \bigl( \vert \xi \vert _{\mathbb{H}^{n}} \bigr) \vert u \vert ^{p-2} u - b\bigl( \vert \xi \vert _{\mathbb{H}^{n}}\bigr) \vert u \vert ^{q-2}u, $$−ΔHnu+R(ξ)u=a(|ξ|Hn)|u|p−2u−b(|ξ|Hn)|u|q−2u,is proved on the Heisenberg group$\mathbb{H}^{n}$Hn, via the variational principle, where$a(|\xi |_{\mathbb{H}^{n}})$a(|ξ|Hn),$b(|\xi |_{\mathbb{H}^{n}})$b(|ξ|Hn)are nonnegative radial functions and$R(\xi )$R(ξ)satisfies suitable conditions.
Suppression of miR-330-3p alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and apoptosis by upregulating the endoplasmic reticulum stress components XBP1
Authors: Chen Qifeng , Fang Xiaoming , Yao Ning , Wu Fang , Xu Biao , Chen Zhengguang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to explore the biological activities of miR-330-3p in dextan sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis and apoptosis and the direct target of miR-330-3p in this process. HT-29 cells and male C57BL/6 mice were used to examine the function of miR-330-3p in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Expression of miRNA and mRNA was measured using quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Western blotting was used to measure the change of protein expression. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell apoptosis and luciferase assay was used to confirm the direct target of miR-330-3p.

Results
miR-330-3p expression was increased by DSS in both HT-29 cells and mice. Upregulation miR-330-3p induced cell apoptosis, mice weight loss and ulcerative colitis in vivo, which could prevent by suppression of miR-330-3p. Cell apoptosis related protein expression, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP was also inhibited by miR-330-3p overexpression and elevated by miR-330-3p inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase assay confirmed that 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of XBP1 is the directed target of miR-330-3p and Western blotting results have showed that protein expression of XBP1 was decreased by miR-330-3p mimics and increased by miR-330-3p inhibitor.

Conclusion
miR-330-3p is upregulated by DSS in both HT-29 cells and mice and promoted ulcerative colitis and cell apoptosis by targeting of 3′-UTR of XBP1, which is a key component of ER stress. Inhibition of miR-330-3p prevent DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and cell apoptosis mediated by upregulation of XBP1 expression.
Extrahepatic biliary tract pathologies in mammalian species of zoo animals and wildlife: a review
Authors: Schiffmann Christian , Unterhitzenberger Gabriele , Ortmann Sylvia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMammalian species express a broad variety in the shape of their extrahepatic biliary tract. While a gall bladder is present in many species, others are lacking this organ. Evolutionary driving forces for these differences have not been determined yet, and organ-specific pathologies might present potentially influencing factors. We reviewed the literature regarding extrahepatic biliary tract pathologies reported in mammalian species of zoo animals and wildlife. Specific pathologies have been reported in the taxonomic orders Proboscidea, Chiroptera, Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Primates, Rodentia, and Lagomorpha with variable frequencies of etiological categories. While metabolic disorders with cholelith formation have been reported mainly in captive populations, parasitological infestation was found particularly in free-ranging animals. Based on the available data, we hypothesize Proboscidea, Primates, and Rodentia species to be prone to cholelithiasis. Species belonging to the Artiodactyla seem to be more susceptible to parasitological infestation while in representatives of the Carnivora infectious, metabolic, neoplastic, and parasitological disorders have been reported nearly equally. Extending our knowledge on extrahepatic biliary tract pathologies in exotic pets and wildlife will support the work of veterinary practitioners as well as scientists in evolutionary biology, making further research in this area strongly recommendable.
Comparing negative emissions and high renewable scenarios for the European power system
Authors: Gaffney F. , Deane J. P. , Drayton G. , Glynn J. , Gallachóir B. P. Ó. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEmerging literature highlights the essential role played by decarbonised electricity generation in future energy systems consistent with the Paris Climate Agreement. This analysis compares the impacts of high levels of renewable electricity and negative emissions technologies on exploratory visions of the future EU power system (2050) in terms of emissions reduction, technical operation and total system costs. The analysis shows that high renewable power system scenarios coupled with low levels of negative emissions technologies, such as biomass carbon capture and storage (< 2% of installed capacity), can deliver a net-negative European power system at lower comparable cost without breaching published sustainable biomass potentials in Europe (or requiring imports) or geological storage potentials while also contributing to power system inertia. Direct air capture has the capability to further decrease overall carbon emissions. While carbon capture and storage and power-to-gas must overcome market, regulatory and social acceptance challenges, given their potential benefits to emissions reduction, costs and system operation their role in a future power system should be further explored.
Leptin-Mediated Changes in the Human Metabolome
Authors: Lawler Katherine , Huang-Doran Isabel , Sonoyama Takuhiro , Collet Tinh-Hai , Keogh Julia M , Henning Elana , O’Rahilly Stephen , Bottolo Leonardo , Farooqi I Sadaf 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Context
While severe obesity due to congenital leptin deficiency is rare, studies in patients before and after treatment with leptin can provide unique insights into the role that leptin plays in metabolic and endocrine function.

Objective
The aim of this study was to characterize changes in peripheral metabolism in people with congenital leptin deficiency undergoing leptin replacement therapy, and to investigate the extent to which these changes are explained by reduced caloric intake.

Design
Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to measure 661 metabolites in 6 severely obese people with congenital leptin deficiency before, and within 1 month after, treatment with recombinant leptin. Data were analyzed using unsupervised and hypothesis-driven computational approaches and compared with data from a study of acute caloric restriction in healthy volunteers.

Results
Leptin replacement was associated with class-wide increased levels of fatty acids and acylcarnitines and decreased phospholipids, consistent with enhanced lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Primary and secondary bile acids increased after leptin treatment. Comparable changes were observed after acute caloric restriction. Branched-chain amino acids and steroid metabolites decreased after leptin, but not after acute caloric restriction. Individuals with severe obesity due to leptin deficiency and other genetic obesity syndromes shared a metabolomic signature associated with increased BMI.

Conclusion
Leptin replacement was associated with changes in lipolysis and substrate utilization that were consistent with negative energy balance. However, leptin’s effects on branched-chain amino acids and steroid metabolites were independent of reduced caloric intake and require further exploration.