bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of cancer stem cells in the development of giant cell tumor of bone
Authors: War Abdul Rouf , Dang Kai , Jiang Shanfen , Xiao Zhongwei , Miao Zhiping , Yang Tuanmin , Li Yu , Qian Airong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe primary bone tumor is usually observed in adolescence age group which has been shown to be part of nearly 20% of the sarcomas known today. Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) can be benign as well as malignant tumor which exhibits localized dynamism and is usually associated with the end point of a long bone. Giant cell tumor (GCT) involves mononuclear stromal cells which proliferate at a high rate, multinucleated giant cells and stromal cells are equally present in this type of tumor. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been confirmed to play a potential role in the development of GCT. Cancer stem cell-based microRNAs have been shown to contribute to a greater extent in giant cell tumor of bone. CSCs and microRNAs present in the tumors specifically are a great concern today which need in-depth knowledge as well as advanced techniques to treat the bone cancer effectively. In this review, we attempted to summarize the role played by cancer stem cells involving certain important molecules/factors such as; Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), miRNAs and signaling mechanism such as; mTOR/PI3K-AKT, towards the formation of giant cell tumor of bone, in order to get an insight regarding various effective strategies and research advancements to obtain adequate knowledge related to CSCs which may help to focus on highly effective treatment procedures for bone tumors.
Sickle cell disease and malaria: decreased exposure and asplenia can modulate the risk from Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Mwaiswelo Richard O. , Mawala William , Iversen Per O. , de Montalembert Mariane , Luzzatto Lucio , Makani Julie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), an inherited haemoglobinopathy, have increased risk of malaria, at least in part due to impaired splenic function. Infection with Plasmodium falciparum in SCD patients can trigger painful vaso-occlusive crisis, increase the severity of anaemia, and contribute to early childhood mortality.

Case presentation
A 17 year-old Tanzanian male with known SCD was admitted to Muhimbili National Hospital, a tertiary referral centre in Dar-es-Salaam, following an attack of malaria. From 2004 to 2007 the patient had lived in USA, and from 2010 to 2016 in France where, on account of hypersplenism and episodes of splenic sequestrations, in 2014 the spleen was removed. After appropriate clinical and laboratory assessment the patient was re-started on hydroxyurea; and anti-malarial-prophylaxis with proguanil was instituted. The patient has remained well and malaria-free for the following 15 months.

Conclusion
SCD patients are highly vulnerable to malaria infection, and impaired splenic function is a feature of SCD patients, even in those who still anatomically have a spleen. This patient had a surgical splenectomy and, in addition, had probably lost some of the acquired malaria-immunity by having lived for several years in malaria-free areas. This patient is a compelling reminder that long-term anti-malarial prophylaxis should be offered to all patients with SCD who live in malaria-endemic areas.
To connect between worlds, to bridge over gaps: learning about the complex role of cultural mediators in perinatal health promotion from a case in Israel
Authors: Peres Hagit , Sharaby Rachel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundReduction of health gaps between ethno-cultural groups has become a major concern for health services, with a strong emphasis on eliminating social and cultural barriers and improving accessibility for diverse populations.MethodsThe study is based on a Participatory Action Research where an involved researcher accompanied the project for a decade, as well as on eleven in-depth interviews with Bedouin women-mediators working in a perinatal health promotion project in Israel.ResultsThe research analyzes the work of Bedouin women health mediators who mediate between their Bedouin community and institutional health services and bridge over cultural gaps. The study presents the complex task of transferring messages across cultures, dealing with socio-cultural imperatives and the intricacy of multilayered power relations. The findings reveal an evolving process, beginning with a pragmatic mediation model in which the mediators are limited to instruction of pre-defined health materials, toward a transformative model of creating a ground for encouraging the mediators to act creatively according to socio-cultural circumstances.ConclusionThe research elaborates on the adoption and implementation of the transformative approach in mediation and provides further understanding of the complexity of mediation role in sensitive issues such as pregnancy, birth and infant care.
Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and risk of lymphoma subtypes: results of the Epilymph European case-control study
Authors: Satta Giannina , Loi Matteo , Becker Nickolaus , Benavente Yolanda , De Sanjose Silvia , Foretova Lenka , Staines Anthony , Maynadie Marc , Nieters Alexandra , Meloni Federico , Pilia Ilaria , Campagna Marcello , Pau Marco , Zablotska Lydia B. , Cocco Pierluigi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Evidence linking risk of lymphoma and B-cell lymphoma subtypes to ionizing radiation is inconclusive, particularly at low exposure levels.

Methods
We investigated risk of lymphoma (all subtypes), B-cell lymphomas, and its major subtypes, associated with low-level occupational exposure to ionizing radiation, in 2346 lymphoma cases and 2463 controls, who participated in the multicenter EpiLymph case-control study. We developed a job-exposure matrix to estimate exposure to ionizing radiation, distinguishing between internal and external radiation, and we applied it to the lifetime occupational history of study subjects, We calculated the Odds Ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for lymphoma (all subtypes combined), B-cell lymphoma, and its major subtypes using unconditional, polytomous logistic regression adjusting for age, gender, and education.

Results
We did not observe an association between exposure metrics of external and internal radiation and risk of lymphoma (all subtypes), nor with B-cell lymphoma, or its major subtypes, at the levels regularly experienced in occupational settings. An elevated risk of diffuse large B cell lymphoma was observed among the most likely exposed study subjects with relatively higher exposure intensity, which would be worth further investigation.

Conclusions
Further investigation is warranted on risk of B cell lymphoma subtypes associated with low-level occupational exposure to external ionizing radiation, and to clarify whether lymphoma should be included among the cancer outcomes related to ionizing radiation.
Left atrial reservoir strain combined with E/E' as a better single measure to predict elevated LV filling pressures in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Lin Jingru , Ma Hong , Gao Lijian , Wang Yang , Wang Jiangtao , Zhu Zhenhui , Pang Kunjing , Wang Hao , Wu Weichun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The 2016 guidelines for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction diagnosis has been simplified from previous versions; however, multiparametric diagnosis approach still exists indeterminate left ventricular diastolic dysfunction category. Left atrial (LA) strain was recently found useful to predict elevated left ventricular (LV) filling pressures noninvasively. This study aimed to (1) analyze the diagnostic value of LA strain for noninvasive assessment of LV filling pressures in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) with preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF), using invasive hemodynamic assessment as the gold standard, and (2) explore whether LA strain combined with conventional diastolic parameters could detect elevated LV filling pressures alone.

Methods
Sixty-four patients with stable CAD having LVEF > 50% and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography was used to measure LA strain during the reservoir (LASr), conduit, and contraction phases. LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), as a surrogate for LV filling pressures, was invasively obtained by left heart catheterization. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio to predict LV filling pressures. Pearson’s correlation was used to analyze associations between echocardiographic parameters and LVEDP. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was calculated to determine the capability of the echocardiographic parameters to detect elevated LVEDP. Inter-technique agreement was analyzed by contingency tables and tested by kappa statistics.

Results
LASr and the ratio of early-diastolic transmitral flow velocity (E) to tissue Doppler early-diastolic septal mitral annular velocity (E/E′septal) significantly predicted elevated LV filling pressures. LASr was combined with E/E′septal to generate a novel parameter (LASr/E/E′septal). LASr/E/E′septal had the best predictive ability of elevated LV filling pressures. LVEDP was negatively correlated with LASr and LASr/E/E′septal but positively correlated with E/E′septal. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of LASr/E/E′septal was higher than that of LASr alone (0.83 vs. 0.75), better than all conventional LV diastolic parameters. Inter-technique agreement analysis showed that LASr/E/E′septal had good agreement with the invasive LVEDP measurement, better than the 2016 guideline (kappa = 0.63 vs. 0.25).

Conclusions
LASr provided additive diagnostic value for the noninvasive assessment of LV filling pressures. LASr/E/E′septal had the potential to be a better single noninvasive index to predict elevated LV filling pressures in patients with stable CAD and preserved LVEF.
Quality of life impact of refractive correction (QIRC) results three years after SMILE and FS-LASIK
Authors: Han Tian , Xu Ye , Han Xiao , Shang Jianmin , Zeng Li , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to compare long-term postoperative quality of life and satisfaction differences between SMILE and FS-LASIK for myopia correction.

Methods
This cross-sectional study enrolled patients under the age of 39 years, who chose to undergo SMILE or FS-LASIK surgery to both eyes 3 years previously. Patients completed a common vision test and Quality of Life Impact of Refractive Correction (QIRC) questionnaire, together with the surgical satisfaction, adverse symptoms subjective survey. Patients with preoperative corrected distance visual acuity and postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or greater were included. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match the preoperative and postoperative spherical equivalent, age, and designed optical zones of the left and right eyes between the two groups.

Results
Forty-nine patients were included in each group after PSM from 188 patients. No significant difference in the total QIRC score was found between the SMILE and FS-LASIK groups (45.89 ± 5.91 vs 45.09 ± 5.65, p = 0.492). There were no differences in surgical satisfaction between the groups (p = 0.178). Compared to the SMILE group, the FS-LASIK group had more glare (2.12 ± 2.25 vs 3.22 ± 2.54, p = 0.026) and severe dryness (1.80 ± 1.98 vs 2.79 ± 2.19, p = 0.021).

Conclusion
Postoperative quality of life is similar after SMILE or FS-LASIK. Dry eye symptoms and glare were milder in the SMILE group than in the FS-LASIK group.
Do state insurance mandates alter ICSI utilization?
Authors: Zagadailov Pavel , Seifer David B. , Shan He , Zarek Shvetha M. , Hsu Albert L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) insurance mandates resulted in improved access to infertility treatments like intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Our objective was to examine whether ART insurance mandates demonstrate an increased association with ICSI use.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, clinic-specific data for 2000–2016 from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) were grouped by state and subgrouped by the presence and extent of ART state insurance mandates. Mandated (n = 8) and non-mandated (n = 22) states were compared for ICSI use and male factor (MF) infertility in fresh non-donor ART cycles with a transfer in women < 35 years. Clinical pregnancy (CPR), live birth (LBR) rates, preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), elective single-embryo transfer (eSET) and twin birth rates per clinic were evaluated utilizing Welch’s t-test. Pearson correlation was used to measure the strength of association between MF and ICSI; ICSI and CPR, and ICSI and LBR over time. Results were considered statistically significant at a p-value of < 0.05, with Bonferroni correction used for multiple comparisons.

Results
From 2000 to 2016, ICSI use per clinic increased in both mandated and non-mandated states. ICSI use per clinic in non-mandated states was significantly greater from 2011 to 2016 (p < 0.05, all years) than in mandated states. Clinics in mandated states had less MF (30.5 ± 15% vs 36.7 ± 15%; p < 0.001), lower CPR (39.8 ± 4% vs 43.4 ± 4%; p = 0.02) and lower LBR (33.9 ± 3.5% vs 37.9 ± 3.5%; p < 0.05). PGT rates were not significantly different. ICSI use in non-mandated states correlated with MF rates (r = 0.524, p = 0.03). A significant correlation between ICSI and CPR (r = 0.8, p < 0.001) and LBR (r = 0.7, p < 0.001) was noted in mandated states only. eSET rates were greater and twin rates were lower in mandated compared with non-mandated states.

Conclusions
There was greater use of ICSI per clinic in non-mandated states, which correlated with an increased frequency of MF. In mandated states, lower ICSI rates per clinic were accompanied by a positive correlation with CPR and LBR, as well as a trend for greater eSET rates and lower twin rates, suggesting that state mandates for ART coverage may encourage more selective utilization of laboratory resources.
Decreased brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1 expression mediated the contribution of hyperandrogenism to insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Zhai Junyu , Li Shang , Hu Min , Di Fangfang , Liu Jiansheng , Du Yanzhi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The interface between environmental risk factors and genetic factors could contribute to the pathogenesis of hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); however, the underlying complex mechanism remains to be elucidated.

Methods
We used dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS-like rat model to measure circadian clock genes and insulin resistance-related genes. Additionally, we performed in vitro experiments in mature adipocytes to verify the molecular mechanisms.

Results
DHEA-induced PCOS-like rats exhibited insulin resistance and arrhythmic expression of circadian clock genes in the liver and adipose tissues, particularly showing decreased brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1 (BMAL1) expression. In addition, hyperandrogenism gave rise to negative regulation of BMAL1 expression to nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and sirtuin 1, which further inhibited downstream glucose transporter type 4, leading to insulin resistance in mature adipocytes, which was consistent with our previous results in HepG2 cells.

Conclusions
Decreased BMAL1 expression in the liver and adipose played a potentially novel role in the contribution of hyperandrogenism to insulin resistance, which might be a possible mechanism accounting for the pathogenesis of PCOS.
The effectiveness and complexity of interventions targeting sedentary behaviour across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Blackburn Nicole E. , Wilson Jason J. , McMullan Ilona I. , Caserotti Paolo , Giné-Garriga Maria , Wirth Katharina , Coll-Planas Laura , Alias Sergi Blancafort , Roqué Marta , Deidda Manuela , Kunzmann Andrew T. , Dallmeier Dhayana , Tully Mark A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvidence suggests that sedentary behaviour (SB) is associated with poor health outcomes. SB at any age may have significant consequences for health and well-being and interventions targeting SB are accumulating. Therefore, the need to review the effects of multicomponent, complex interventions that incorporate effective strategies to reduce SB are essential.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted investigating the impact of interventions targeting SB across the lifespan. Six databases were searched and two review authors independently screened studies for eligibility, completed data extraction and assessed the risk of bias and complexity of each of the included studies.ResultsA total of 77 adult studies (n=62, RCTs) and 84 studies (n=62, RCTs) in children were included. The findings demonstrated that interventions in adults when compared to active controls resulted in non-significant reductions in SB, although when compared to inactive controls significant reductions were found in both the short (MD -56.86; 95%CI -74.10, -39.63; n=4632; I283%) and medium-to-long term (MD -20.14; 95%CI -34.13, -6.16; n=4537; I265%). The findings demonstrated that interventions in children when compared to active controls may lead to relevant reductions in daily sedentary time in the short-term (MD -59.90; 95%CI -102.16, -17.65; n=267; I286%), while interventions in children when compared to inactive controls may lead to relevant reductions in the short-term (MD -25.86; 95%CI -40.77, -10.96; n=9480; I298%) and medium-to-long term (MD -14.02; 95%CI -19.49, -8.55; n=41,138; I298%). The assessment of complexity suggested that interventions may need to be suitably complex to address the challenges of a complex behaviour such as SB, but demonstrated that a higher complexity score is not necessarily associated with better outcomes in terms of sustained long-term changes.ConclusionsInterventions targeting reductions in SB have been shown to be successful, especially environmental interventions in both children and adults. More needs to be known about how best to optimise intervention effects. Future intervention studies should apply more rigorous methods to improve research quality, considering larger sample sizes, randomised controlled designs and valid and reliable measures of SB.
Discovery of novel L-type voltage-gated calcium channel blockers and application for the prevention of inflammation and angiogenesis
Authors: Saddala Madhu Sudhana , Lennikov Anton , Mukwaya Anthony , Yang Yan , Hill Michael A. , Lagali Neil , Huang Hu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ways in which microglia activate and promote neovascularization (NV) are not fully understood. Recent in vivo evidence supports the theory that calcium is required for the transition of microglia from a surveillance state to an active one. The objectives of this study were to discover novel L-type voltage-gated channel (L-VGCC) blockers and investigate their application for the prevention of inflammation and angiogenesis.MethodsPharmacophore-based computational modeling methods were used to screen for novel calcium channel blockers (CCBs) from the ZINC compound library. The effects of CCBs on calcium blockade, microglial pro-inflammatory activation, and cell toxicity were validated in BV-2 microglial cell and freshly isolated smooth muscle cell (SMC) cultures. Laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (NV) and the suture-induced inflammatory corneal NV models of angiogenesis were used for in vivo validation of the novel CCBs. CX3CR1gfp/+mice were used to examine the infiltration of GFP-labeled microglial cells.ResultsWe identified three compounds from the ZINC database (Zinc20267861, Zinc18204217, and Zinc33254827) as new blockers of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCC) using a structure-based pharmacophore approach. The effects of the three CCBs on Ca2+influx into cells were verified in BV-2 microglial cells using Fura-2 fluorescent dye and in freshly isolated SMCs using the voltage-patch clamp. All three CCBs reduced microglial cell migration, activation stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and reduced the expression of the inflammatory markers NF-κB (phospho-IκBα) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as well as reactive oxygen species. Of the three compounds, we further examined the in vivo activity of Zinc20267861. Topical treatment with Zinc20267861 in a rat model of suture-induced inflammatory cornea neovascularization demonstrated efficacy of the compound in reducing monocyte infiltration and overall corneal NV response. Subconjunctival administration of the compound in the choroidal NV mouse model effectively prevented CNV and microglial infiltration.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the novel CCBs identified here are effective anti-inflammatory agents that can be further evaluated for treating NV disorders and can be potentially applied in the treatment of ocular inflammatory and pathological angiogenetic disorders.
Exploring the effects of deep brain stimulation and vision on tremor in Parkinson’s disease - benefits from objective methods
Authors: Fransson Per-Anders , Nilsson Maria H. , Niehorster Diederick C. , Nyström Marcus , Rehncrona Stig , Tjernström Fredrik , Magnusson Måns , Johansson Rolf , Patel Mitesh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundTremor is a cardinal symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that may cause severe disability. As such, objective methods to determine the exact characteristics of the tremor may improve the evaluation of therapy. This methodology study aims to validate the utility of two objective technical methods of recording Parkinsonian tremor and evaluate their ability to determine the effects of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus and of vision.MethodsWe studied 10 patients with idiopathic PD, who were responsive toL-Dopa and had more than 1 year use of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation. The patients did not have to display visible tremor to be included in the study. Tremor was recorded with two objective methods, a force platform and a 3 dimensional (3D) motion capture system that tracked movements in four key proximal sections of the body (knee, hip, shoulder and head). They were assessed after an overnight withdrawal of anti-PD medications with DBS ON and OFF and with eyes open and closed during unperturbed and perturbed stance with randomized calf vibration, using a randomized test order design.ResultsTremor was detected with the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) in 6 of 10 patients but only distally (hands and feet) with DBS OFF. With the force platform and the 3D motion capture system, tremor was detected in 6 of 10 and 7 of 10 patients respectively, mostly in DBS OFF but also with DBS ON in some patients. The 3D motion capture system revealed that more than one body section was usually affected by tremor and that the tremor amplitude was non-uniform, but the frequency almost identical, across sites. DBS reduced tremor amplitude non-uniformly across the body. Visual input mostly reduced tremor amplitude with DBS ON.ConclusionsTechnical recording methods offer objective and sensitive detection of tremor that provide detailed characteristics such as peak amplitude, frequency and distribution pattern, and thus, provide information that can guide the optimization of treatments. Both methods detected the effects of DBS and visual input but the 3D motion system was more versatile in that it could detail the presence and properties of tremor at individual body sections.