bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural basis for polarized elongation of actin filaments
Authors: Zsolnay Vilmos , Katkar Harshwardhan H. , Chou Steven Z. , Pollard Thomas D. , Voth Gregory A. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Eukaryotic cells utilize actin filaments to move, change shape, divide, and transport cargo. Decades of experiments have established that actin filaments elongate and shorten significantly faster from one end than the other, but the underlying mechanism for this asymmetry has not been explained. We used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structures of the actin filament ends in the ATP, ADP plus γ-phosphate, and ADP nucleotide states. We characterize the structures of actin subunits at both ends of the filament, explain the mechanisms leading to these differences, and connect the divergent structural properties of the two ends to their distinct polymerization rate constants.
Estimating and forecasting spatial population dynamics of apex predators using transnational genetic monitoring
Authors: Bischof Richard , Milleret Cyril , Dupont Pierre , Chipperfield Joseph , Tourani Mahdieh , Ordiz Andrés , de Valpine Perry , Turek Daniel , Royle J. Andrew , Gimenez Olivier , Flagstad Øystein , Åkesson Mikael , Svensson Linn , Brøseth Henrik , Kindberg Jonas 
Published: November 2020

SignificanceWe are experiencing the accelerated loss and reconfiguration of biological diversity. Meanwhile, those charged with natural resource management are struggling to meet the challenges of monitoring and managing wildlife populations across vast areas crisscrossed by political borders. What if, akin to weather maps, we could track and forecast the dynamics of wildlife populations across space and time? Using the world’s most extensive large carnivore monitoring program, we showcase the application of an effective tool for spatially explicit quantification of wildlife population dynamics at scales that are relevant to management and conservation.
Ultrahigh foraging rates of Baikal seals make tiny endemic amphipods profitable in Lake Baikal
Authors: Watanabe Yuuki Y. , Baranov Eugene A. , Miyazaki Nobuyuki 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Despite being ubiquitous in aquatic environments, amphipods are rarely targeted by seals or toothed whales, likely because they contain too little energy to warrant catching individually. We report a remarkable case of Baikal seals in Lake Baikal, among the least studied seal species. Seals individually hunted tiny (<0.1 g) endemic amphipods (the world’s only freshwater planktonic species) at the highest rates ever recorded for aquatic mammals, primarily by following diel depth changes of amphipod swarms. Baikal seals have specialized comb-like cheek teeth, allowing them to expel water that enters the mouth during high-speed foraging. Thus, even tiny organisms can be important foods for aquatic mammals that catch prey individually, if the environment and predators’ adaptations allow high foraging rates.
Matriliny reverses gender disparities in inflammation and hypertension among the Mosuo of China
Authors: Reynolds Adam Z. , Wander Katherine , Sum Chun-Yi , Su Mingjie , Emery Thompson Melissa , Hooper Paul L. , Li Hui , Shenk Mary K. , Starkweather Kathrine E. , Blumenfield Tami , Mattison Siobhán M. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Greater autonomy afforded to women in matrilineal societies has been hypothesized to benefit women’s health. Among the Mosuo, a society with both matrilineal and patrilineal subpopulations, we found that gender disparities in chronic disease are not only ameliorated but reversed in matriliny compared with patriliny. Gender disparities in health and chronic disease can thus be tied directly to cultural influences on health, including inequalities in autonomy and resource access between men and women.
Maternally inherited peptides as strain-specific chemosignals
Authors: Kaba Hideto , Fujita Hiroko , Agatsuma Takeshi , Matsunami Hiroaki 
Published: November 2020

SignificanceFor most mammals, olfaction plays an important role in individual recognition. The social chemosignals secreted by individual conspecifics are complex variable mixtures that are still poorly understood. Here we identify nonformylated, but notN-formylated, mitochondrially encoded peptides: That is, the nine N-terminal amino acids of NADH dehydrogenases 1 and 2 as reliable chemosignals for individual recognition by using a vomeronasal organ-mediated pregnancy block, known as the Bruce effect. Our findings also revealed that pregnancy-blocking chemosignals in the urine are maternally inherited. We propose that this individuality cue provides the molecular means to communicate an individual’s maternal lineage and strain.
The social patterning of autism diagnoses reversed in California between 1992 and 2018
Authors: Winter Alix S. , Fountain Christine , Cheslack-Postava Keely , Bearman Peter S. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Rates of autism diagnosis in the United States have historically been higher among more advantaged social groups—Whites and those of higher socioeconomic status (SES). Using data from all births in the state of California in 1992 through 2016, we find that these trends reversed during our study period. By 2018, diagnosed autism incidence rates for 3- to 6-y-old children were higher for children of Black and Asian mothers than children of non-Hispanic White mothers and were higher for children of lower SES than of higher SES parents. These reversals point to the fundamental role that access to knowledge and resources plays in driving increased autism prevalence and shifting patterns of autism cases over the past quarter-century.
HOS15 is a transcriptional corepressor of NPR1-mediated gene activation of plant immunity
Authors: Shen Mingzhe , Lim Chae Jin , Park Junghoon , Kim Jeong Eun , Baek Dongwon , Nam Jaesung , Lee Sang Yeol , Pardo Jose M. , Kim Woe-Yeon , Mackey David , Yun Dae-Jin 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Immune responses protect organisms against biotic challenges but can also produce deleterious effects, such as inflammation and necrosis. This growth-defense trade-off necessitates fine control of immune responses, including the activation of defense gene expression. The transcriptional coactivator NPR1 is a key regulatory hub of immune activation in plant cells. Surprisingly, full activation of NPR1-activated defense genes requires proteasome-mediated degradation of NPR1 induced by a CUL3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Our work demonstrates that HOS15 is the specificity determinant of a CUL1-based E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that limits defense gene expression by targeting NPR1 for proteasome-mediated degradation. Thus, distinct ubiquitin-based degradation pathways coordinately modulate the timing and amplitude of transcriptional outputs during plant defense.
FoxO1 is a crucial mediator of TGF-β/TAK1 signaling and protects against osteoarthritis by maintaining articular cartilage homeostasis
Authors: Wang Cuicui , Shen Jie , Ying Jun , Xiao Ding , O’Keefe Regis J. 
Published: November 2020

SignificanceOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease and has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic approaches to treat OA. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop mechanistically-based therapeutic strategies to treat this disease. In this study, we identified FoxO1 as a crucial mediator of the TGF-β pathway. We also showed that loss of FoxO1 in articular cartilage leads to OA-like pathologies and gain of FoxO1 in cartilage protects against surgically and loss-of-TGF-β-induced OA. Our study defines FoxO1 as a key downstream target of TGF-β signaling and the requisite role in the maintenance of postnatal articular cartilage homeostasis and implicates modulation of FoxO1 levels/activity as a potential therapeutic strategy for OA.
Absolute ion hydration free energy scale and the surface potential of water via quantum simulation
Authors: Shi Yu , Beck Thomas L. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Establishing an absolute free energy scale for single-ion hydration has been an elusive goal of condensed-phase chemistry for nearly a century. In this paper, a zero for the free energy scale is determined by employing quasi-chemical theory and quantum mechanical simulations of the sodium ion in water. The simulation results produce an accurate estimate of the effective surface potential of water by comparison of the computed “bulk” hydration free energy with experimental values for the “real” hydration free energy. This work provides a firm quantitative footing for studies of interfacial specific ion structure, thermodynamics, and kinetics in fields as diverse as colloid science, electrochemistry, biophysics, and energy storage materials.
Structure of eukaryotic DNA polymerase δ bound to the PCNA clamp while encircling DNA
Authors: Zheng Fengwei , Georgescu Roxana E. , Li Huilin , O’Donnell Michael E. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
The structure of the eukaryotic chromosomal replicase, DNA polymerase (Pol) δ, was determined in complex with its cognate proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) sliding clamp on primed DNA. The results show that the Pol3 catalytic subunit binds atop the PCNA ring, and the two regulatory subunits of Pol δ, Pol31, and Pol32, are positioned off to the side of the Pol3 clamp. The catalytic Pol3 binds DNA and PCNA such as to thread the DNA straight through the circular PCNA clamp. Considering the large diameter of the PCNA clamp, there is room for water between DNA and the inner walls of PCNA, indicating the clamp “waterskates” on DNA during function with polymerase.
Replisome bypass of a protein-based R-loop block by Pif1
Authors: Schauer Grant D. , Spenkelink Lisanne M. , Lewis Jacob S. , Yurieva Olga , Mueller Stefan H. , van Oijen Antoine M. , O’Donnell Michael E. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
The replisome machine that duplicates the DNA genome encounters a variety of blocks to replication, such as DNA bound proteins, R-loops, and DNA lesions. Studies in bacterial systems demonstrate that replisome advance through blocks is facilitated by an accessory monomeric helicase that acts on the opposite strand from the replicative hexameric helicase. This report examines this issue in a eukaryotic system, using Pif1, a monomeric helicase that acts on the opposite strand from the replicative CMG helicase. The report shows that an inactive “dead” Cas9 (dCas9) protein R-loop block arrests the replisome, but Pif1 enables replisome bypass of the dCas9 R-loop block. Hence, use of monomeric helicases may have evolved to aid replisome bypass of protein-DNA and protein-bound R-loop blocks.
Intrinsic time gravity, heat kernel regularization, and emergence of Einstein’s theory
Authors: Ita Eyo Eyo , Soo Chopin , Yu Hoi Lai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Hamiltonian of intrinsic time gravity is elucidated. The theory describes Schrödinger evolution of our universe with respect to the fractional change of the total spatial volume. Gravitational interactions are introduced by extending Klauder’s momentric variable with similarity transformations, and explicit spatial diffeomorphism invariance is enforced via similarity transformation with exponentials of spatial integrals. In analogy with Yang–Mills theory, a Cotton–York term is obtained from the Chern–Simons functional of the affine connection. The essential difference is the fundamental variable for geometrodynamics is the metric rather than a gauge connection; in the case of Yang–Mills, there is also no analog of the integral of the spatial Ricci scalar curvature. Heat kernel regularization is employed to isolate the divergences of coincidence limits; apart from an additional Cotton–York term, a prescription in which Einstein’s Ricci scalar potential emerges naturally from the positive-definite self-adjoint Hamiltonian of the theory is demonstrated.
Fast and stable deep-learning predictions of material properties for solid solution alloys**
Authors: Lupo Pasini Massimiliano , Li Ying Wai , Yin Junqi , Zhang Jiaxin , Barros Kipton , Eisenbach Markus 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present a novel deep learning (DL) approach to produce highly accurate predictions of macroscopic physical properties of solid solution binary alloys and magnetic systems. The major idea is to make use of the correlations between different physical properties in alloy systems to improve the prediction accuracy of neural network (NN) models. We use multitasking NN models to simultaneously predict the total energy, charge density and magnetic moment. These physical properties mutually serve as constraints during the training of the multitasking NN, resulting in more reliable DL models because multiple physics properties are correctly learned by a single model. Two binary alloys, copper–gold (CuAu) and iron–platinum (FePt), were studied. Our results show that once the multitasking NN’s are trained, they can estimate the material properties for a specific configuration hundreds of times faster than first-principles density functional theory calculations while retaining comparable accuracy. We used a simple measure based on the root-mean-squared errors to quantify the quality of the NN models, and found that the inclusion of charge density and magnetic moment as physical constraints leads to more stable models that exhibit improved accuracy and reduced uncertainty for the energy predictions.
High-pressure Raman investigation of high index facets bounded α-Fe2O3 pseudocubic crystals
Authors: Bushiri M Junaid , Gopi Divya Neravathu , Monteseguro Virginia , Sans Juan Angel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
High index facet bounded α-Fe2O3 pseudocubic crystals has gained the attention of the scientific community due to its promising electrochemical sensing response towards aqueous ammonia. The structural stability of α-Fe2O3 pseudocubic crystals is investigated through high-pressure Raman spectroscopy up to 22.2 GPa, and those results are compared with our ab initio theoretical calculations. The symmetry of the experimental Raman-active modes has been assigned by comparison with theoretical data. In addition to the Raman-active modes, two additional Raman features are also detected, whose intensity increases with compression. The origin of these two additional peaks addressed in this study, reveals a strong dependence on the geometry and the low dimensionality as the most plausible explanation.
Review of x-ray exposure and safety issues arising from ultra-short pulse laser material processing
Authors: Legall Herbert , Bonse Jörn , Krüger Jörg 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Laser processing with ultra-short laser pulses enables machining of materials with high accuracy and throughput. The development of novel laser technologies with laser pulse repetition rates up to the MHz range opened the way for industrial manufacturing processes. From a radiological point of view this evolution is important, because x-ray radiation can be generated as an unwanted side effect in laser material processing. Even if the emitted x-ray dose per pulse is comparably low, the x-ray dose can become hazardous to health at high laser repetition rates. Therefore, radiation protection must be considered. This article provides an overview on the generation and detection of x-rays in laser material processing, as well as on the handling of this radiation risk in the framework of radiological protection.
Characterization of defect states in Mg-doped GaN-on-Si p+n diodes using deep-level transient Fourier spectroscopy
Authors: Lechaux Y , Minj A , Méchin L , Liang H , Geens K , Zhao M , Simoen E , Guillet B 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Mg-doped GaN-on-Si p+n diodes have been fabricated and characterized by static electrical and deep-level transient Fourier spectroscopy (DLTFS) measurements. From static capacitance-voltage (C–V) and current–voltage (I–V) characteristics, we estimated the diffusion barrier of the p+n diode close to the GaN band gap at room temperature. The temperature dependence of the capacitance showed freeze-out effect of the Mg-dopants at 200 K. From DLTFS measurements for various reverse bias and pulse voltages, two peaks were found and are composed of different defect states. The first peak with two components was related to diffusion of Mg p-type dopants in the n-GaN and VN-related defects. The two components have activation energies close to 0.25 eV, from valence band and conduction band with a capture cross-section of ∼10−16 cm2. The second peak with two components showed temperature shifts with the pulse height indicating a band-like behavior. This peak was commonly attributed to deep acceptor CN-related defects with an activation energy of E
V +0.88 eV and a capture cross-section of 10−13 cm2. A second acceptor level was found, with an activation energy of 0.70 eV and a capture cross-section of 10−15 cm2. This second component was previously attributed to native point defects in GaN.
Ga composition effects on the electrical parameters of (Al,Ga)Sb/InAs two-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Wei Qiqi , Wang Hailong , Tong Shucheng , Ma Jialin , Zhao Xupeng , Zhao Jianhua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The effects of Ga composition on the electrical parameters of (Al,Ga)Sb/InAs two-dimensional electron gas have been investigated. The (Al,Ga)Sb/InAs structures are grown on GaAs (001) substrate by molecular-beam epitaxy with various Ga compositions in Al1−x
Ga
x
Sb bottom barrier. The sheet resistance shows a crossover with the variation of temperature, and the temperature T* corresponding to this crossover decreases with increasing the Ga composition. The temperature dependence of the electron mobility is similar for the samples with different Ga compositions, while the temperature dependence of the carrier density is obviously different. Qualitative analyses reveal that the temperature dependent portion of carrier density is mainly determined by the interface-related donors. A thermal activation model is used to fit the temperature dependence of carrier density, and the fitting results imply that the thermal activation energies of the carriers are significantly affected by the Ga composition. Our results provide useful information for understanding the sources of carriers in the (Al,Ga)Sb/InAs systems, and provide one pathway for the modulation of the temperature dependent carrier density.
Improved performance of Ni/GaN Schottky barrier impact ionization avalanche transit time diode with n-type GaN deep level defects
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yu , Yang Lin-An , Yang Wen-lu , Li Yang , Ma Xiao-Hua , Hao Yue 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the effects of n-type GaN deep level defects on the DC, small signal AC, and radio frequency (RF) characteristics of Ni/GaN Schottky barrier impact ionization avalanche transit time (IMPATT) diode are investigated. A double avalanche termination region (DATR) structural IMPATT diode is proposed to mitigate the influences caused by these deep level defects. Simulation results show that the internal electric field, carrier generation rate and carrier velocity of IMPATT diode are affected by these deep level defects. With the increase of deep level defects density, the maximum RF output power, DC-to-RF conversion efficiency and optimum frequency of the diode all show a tendency to degenerate correspondingly. Through adjusting the electric field property properly of the diode, the DATR structural IMPATT diode improves the performances of IMPATT diode. The negative peak conductance of the improved diode is 11.4 × 103 S cm−2 at 248 GHz, showing the lowest quality factor of 1.42, the improved maximum RF output power of 1.35 MW cm−2 and DC-to-RF conversion efficiency of 15.7% at 220 GHz under the same deep level defects density, these characteristics of the improved DATR structural IMPATT diode reach the level which the low deep level defects density original diode shows.
An intra-operative feature-based classification of microelectrode recordings to support the subthalamic nucleus functional identification during deep brain stimulation surgery
Authors: Coelli S , Levi V , Del Vecchio Del Vecchio J , Mailland E , Rinaldo S , Eleopra R , Bianchi A M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is the most selected target for the placement of the Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) electrode to treat Parkinson’s disease. Its identification is a delicate and challenging task which is based on the interpretation of the STN functional activity acquired through microelectrode recordings (MERs). Aim of this work is to explore the potentiality of a set of 25 features to build a classification model for the discrimination of MER signals belonging to the STN. Approach. We explored the use of different sets of spike-dependent and spike-independent features in combination with an ensemble trees classification algorithm on a dataset composed of 13 patients receiving bilateral DBS. We compared results from six subsets of features and two dataset conditions (with and without standardization) using performance metrics on a leave-one-patient-out validation schema. Main results. We obtained statistically better results (i.e. higher accuracy p-value = 0.003) on the RAW dataset than on the standardized one, where the selection of seven features using a minimum redundancy maximum relevance algorithm provided a mean accuracy of 94.1%, comparable with the use of the full set of features. In the same conditions, the spike-dependent features provided the lowest accuracy (86.8%), while a power density-based index was shown to be a good indicator of STN activity (92.3%). Significance. Results suggest that a small and simple set of features can be used for an efficient classification of MERs to implement an intraoperative support for clinical decision during DBS surgery.
An Experimental Study on Self-Compacting Concrete Using Tyre Rubber and Recycled Aggregate
Authors: Mishra M. , Panda K. C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The present study carried out for an experimental investigation on both fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) containing waste tyre rubber and recycled aggregate (RA). The tyre rubber replaced 5 % and 10 % with coarse aggregate by its weight. The recycled aggregate replaced 5 % and 10 % with coarse aggregate by its weight. Totally 7 mix were prepared including the combination of 5 % tyre rubber with 5 % recycled aggregate and 10 % tyre rubber with 10 % recycled aggregate. The 5 mm and 10 mm size of rubber chips are used. The M30 grade concrete mix design was adopted for the present work. For SCC preparation, the coarse aggregate amount decreased by 35 % and fine aggregate amount increased 35 % with water cement ratio (w/c) 0.43 and super plasticizer (SP) 0.4%. To obtain fresh properties slump flow test, T500 test, J - ring test, V - funnel test, L - box test and U - box test is conducted. For hardened concrete properties the compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength tests are conducted. An attempt has been taken to identify the combine potential effect of tyre rubber and recycled aggregate in concrete and necessity of fresh and hardened properties for the SCC mix.