bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dance of cystic fibrosis: Experiences of living with cystic fibrosis as an adult
Authors: Varilek Brandon M. , Isaacson Mary J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study sought to understand the experience of living with cystic fibrosis (CF) as an adult.BackgroundCystic fibrosis is one of the most difficult chronic diseases to manage long term because of numerous challenges faced on a day‐to‐day basis. The majority of studies focus on improving symptom response to new treatment regimens with the hope of prolonging life. Yet few qualitative studies explore the experience of adults with CF. What is missing from the current literature are the voices of people living with CF, especially as they age.DesignThis study follows a hermeneutic phenomenology design guided by Martin Heidegger's philosophy.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with nine adults living with CF. Hermeneutic phenomenology guided the data interpretation. This manuscript follows COREQ reporting guidelines.ResultsHermeneutic analysis revealed the overarching theme The Dance of Cystic Fibrosis which is supported by five themes: (a) the paradox of control, (b) living deaths, (c) dancing with death, (d) relearning to dance, and (e) role of the dance partner.ConclusionsThe experience of living with CF as an adult is multidimensional and unique to each person. Despite the uniqueness, there is a shared experience that manifested as The Dance of Cystic Fibrosis. As life expectancy continues to increase for persons with CF, it is essential that researchers and healthcare professionals intentionally consider the life‐prolonging effects of the treatment regimen alongside the persons’ experience with those effects.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses at all levels of practice should be prepared to address the multifaceted experience of living with CF through thoughtful incorporation of open‐ended questions. This allows patients to share their experience with nurses, augmenting their practice of delivering holistic care.
Effect of a Standardized Training with Digital Evaluation on the Improvement of Prosthodontic Faculty's Performance in Crown Preparation: A Pre‐Post Design
Authors: Xu Xiaoxiang , Xie Qiufei , Zhou Yongsheng , Wu Lei , Cao Ye 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeStandardized crown preparation is an important competency for prosthodontic faculty especially when they take on the dual role of clinician and clinical teacher. Effects of faculty training for enhancing crown preparation competency are seldom reported. This study aimed to analyze the impact of a standardized training workshop with digital evaluation on the dental faculty's performance in crown preparation.Materials and MethodsThe digitally evaluated grades of anterior (the maxillary right central incisor) and posterior (the mandibular left first molar) tooth preparations made by 76 participants who accomplished all six training tasks were collected, including off‐site and on‐site exercises before the didactic lecture and live demonstration, three rounds of practices with digital feedback, and a final test. Grades of preparations performed in the on‐site exercise were adopted as pre‐training scores, and those in the final test as post‐training scores. Total scores and marks deducted for the parameters including amount of reduction, margin line, and taper were compared among each training task.ResultsThe post‐training scores of both anterior and posterior tooth preparations increased significantly more than the pre‐training scores. The average increased score proportion was 22.95% ± 4.17% for anterior tooth preparations, and 21.78% ± 3.68% for posterior tooth preparations. For anterior tooth preparations, total scores and the parameters except taper significantly improved in the first practice and maintained the same level for the next sessions. Total scores and all parameters for posterior tooth preparations exhibited continual improvement during the training process.ConclusionStandardized training can further improve dental faculty's crown preparation performance in a moderate way. Individual design for crown preparation training can be considered based on different tooth positions. Providing such training will aid the calibration of clinical teaching behavior and the elevation of clinical operative standards for prosthodontic faculty.
Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Nursing: Ethics of Caring as a Guide to Dividing Tasks Between AI and Humans
Authors: Stokes Felicia , Palmer Amitabha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNurses have traditionally been regarded as clinicians that deliver compassionate, safe, and empathetic health care (Nurses again outpace other professions for honesty & ethics, 2018). Caring is a fundamental characteristic, expectation, and moral obligation of the nursing and caregiving professions (Nursing: Scope and standards of practice, American Nurses Association, Silver Spring, MD, 2015). Along with caring, nurses are expected to undertake ever‐expanding duties and complex tasks. In part because of the growing physical, intellectual and emotional demandingness, of nursing as well as technological advances, artificial intelligence (AI) and AI care robots are rapidly changing the healthcare landscape. As technology becomes more advanced, efficient, and economical, opportunities and pressure to introduce AI into nursing care will only increase. In the first part of the article, we review recent and existing applications of AI in nursing and speculate on future use. Second, situate our project within the recent literature on the ethics of nursing and AI. Third, we explore three dominant theories of caring and the two paradigmatic expressions of caring (touch and presence) and conclude that AI—at least for the foreseeable future—is incapable of caring in the sense central to nursing and caregiving ethics. We conclude that for AI to be implemented ethically, it cannot transgress the core values of nursing, usurp aspects of caring that can only meaningfully be carried out by human beings, and it must support, open, or improve opportunities for nurses to provide the uniquely human aspects of care.
What factors are associated with obesity‐related health behaviours among child refugees following resettlement in developed countries? A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative and quantitative evidence
Authors: Alsubhi Maha , Goldthorpe Joanna , Epton Tracy , Khanom Sonia , Peters Sarah 
Published: July 2020

SummaryRefugee children are likely to become less active and eat more unhealthily after their resettlement in developed countries. This review aims to identify and synthesize research about factors that influence unhealthy behaviours related to obesity in this population. Six electronic databases were searched systematically to identify studies that sampled refugee children or parents of refugee children aged 2 to 16 years who have resettled in a developed country. Methodological and cultural study quality was assessed and factors associated with obesity‐related health behaviours investigated. Twenty studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Five major themes, representing factors influencing health behaviours, were identified from the data synthesis process: Acculturation, Environmental, Socioeconomic, Cognitive, and Family. The analysis revealed that refugee's health behaviours are influenced by several complex factors that are common to immigrant groups but have a greater influence among refugees. The review also revealed parental practices influence the health behaviours of children, especially those aged 2 to 10 years. Research is needed to understand further the role that parents have in influencing health behaviours and weight trajectories of children following resettlement.
Regeneration using endogenous neural stem cells following neonatal brain injury
Authors: Jinnou Hideo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite recent advancements in perinatal care, the incidence of neonatal brain injury has not decreased. No therapies are currently available to repair injured brain tissues. In the postnatal brain, neural stem cells reside in the ventricular‐subventricular zone (V‐SVZ) and continuously generate new immature neurons (neuroblasts). After brain injury in rodents, V‐SVZ‐derived neuroblasts migrate toward the injured area using blood vessels as a scaffold. Notably, the neonatal V‐SVZ has a remarkable neurogenic capacity. Furthermore, compared with the adult brain, after neonatal brain injury, larger numbers of neuroblasts migrate toward the lesion, raising the possibility that the V‐SVZ could be a source for endogenous neuronal regeneration after neonatal brain injury. We recently demonstrated that efficient migration of V‐SVZ‐derived neuroblasts toward a lesion is supported by neonatal radial glia via neural cadherin (N‐cadherin)‐mediated neuron‐fiber contact, which promotes RhoA activity. Moreover, providing blood vessel‐ and radial glia‐mimetic scaffolds for migrating neuroblasts promotes neuronal migration and improves functional gait behaviors after neonatal brain injury. In the V‐SVZ, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are also generated and migrate toward the surrounding white matter, where they differentiate and form myelin. After white matter injury in rodents, the production and subsequent migration of V‐SVZ‐derived OPCs are enhanced. In the neonatal period, administration of growth factors at a specific time promotes oligodendrocyte regeneration and functional recovery after brain injury. These findings suggest that activating the high regenerative capacity that is specific to the neonatal period could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for neonatal brain injury.
The effect of maize–alfalfa intercropping on the physiological characteristics, nitrogen uptake and yield of maize
Authors: Nasar J. , Shao Z. , Arshad A. , Jones F. G. , Liu S. , Li C. , Khan M. Z. , Khan T. , Banda J. S. K. , Zhou X. , Gao Q. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

In Northeastern China, the intensive cropping system and increased use of chemical fertilizer has caused severe problems in terms of sustainable agricultural development. Therefore, to improve agricultural sustainability and crop productivity the farming system needs to be modified in the region.

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of maize–alfalfa intercropping on the physiological characteristics, nitrogen (N) uptake and yield of the maize crops in northeast China in 2017–2018.

The study findings showed that intercropping under N fertilization progressively improved the physio‐agronomic indices of the maize crop as compared to mono‐cropping. The grain yield, 100 seed weight and biomass dry matter of maize crop improved in intercropping when it was practiced with N fertilizer. Furthermore, intercropping with N fertilization increased the chlorophyll content of the maize crop at bell‐mouthed, silking, filing and mature stages by 19%, 44%, 12%, and 9% in 2017 and by 23%, 43%, 15%, and 11% in 2018, respectively, as compared with the monocropping system. Unlike monocropping, intercropping with N fertilization increased the photosynthesis rate (14% and 15%), stomatal conductance (74% and 98%) and transpiration rate (74% and 75%) in 2017 and 2018, respectively. However, intercropping reduced intercellular CO2 (Ci). Moreover, intercropping with N fertilization increased the maize N content of grain and leaves as well as total N uptake by 49%, 31% and 93% in 2017 and 53%, 34% and 132%, respectively, in 2018 as compared to monocropping.

In conclusion, our results suggest that maize–alfalfa intercropping with optimal N fertilization provides a practical method for improving growth, yield and N accumulation in the maize crop.
Estimating Listeria monocytogenes Growth in Ready‐to‐Eat Chicken Salad Using a Challenge Test for Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment
Authors: Bernardo Rita , Barreto António Salvador , Nunes Telmo , Henriques Ana Rita 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCurrently, there is a growing preference for convenience food products, such as ready‐to‐eat (RTE) foods, associated with long refrigerated shelf‐lives, not requiring a heat treatment prior to consumption. Because Listeria monocytogenes is able to grow at refrigeration temperatures, inconsistent temperatures during production, distribution, and at consumer's household may allow for the pathogen to thrive, reaching unsafe limits. L. monocytogenes is the causative agent of listeriosis, a rare but severe human illness, with high fatality rates, transmitted almost exclusively by food consumption. With the aim of assessing the quantitative microbial risk of L. monocytogenes in RTE chicken salads, a challenge test was performed. Salads were inoculated with a three‐strain mixture of cold‐adapted L. monocytogenes and stored at 4, 12, and 16 °C for eight days. Results revealed that the salad was able to support L. monocytogenes’ growth, even at refrigeration temperatures. The Baranyi primary model was fitted to microbiological data to estimate the pathogen's growth kinetic parameters. Temperature effect on the maximum specific growth rate (μmax) was modeled using a square‐root‐type model. Storage temperature significantly influenced μmax of L. monocytogenes (p < 0.05). These predicted growth models for L. monocytogenes were subsequently used to develop a quantitative microbial risk assessment, estimating a median number of 0.00008726 listeriosis cases per year linked to the consumption of these RTE salads. Sensitivity analysis considering different time–temperature scenarios indicated a very low median risk per portion (<−7 log), even if the assessed RTE chicken salad was kept in abuse storage conditions.
What has New Zealand gained from The FTA with China?: Two counterfactual analyses†
Authors: Verevis Samuel , Üngör Murat 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe investigate the effects of the 2008 New Zealand (NZ)–China free trade agreement (FTA) on exports from NZ to China, and real GDP per capita in NZ using the synthetic control method to estimate the counterfactuals. NZ exports to China were more than 200% higher in 2014 than what they would have had the FTA never been signed. NZ's food and live animals exports to China were more than 180% higher in 2014 than the counterfactual. Our counterfactuals indicate a small but negative effect of the FTA on NZ's real GDP per capita between 2009 and 2012.
Simplified indices of exercise tolerance in patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy subjects: A case‐control study
Authors: Valet Maxime , Stoquart Gaëtan , de Broglie Clémence , Francaux Marc , Lejeune Thierry 
Published: July 2020

Among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), the impairment of exercise tolerance is closely related to disability. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is the gold standard to assess exercise tolerance in healthy subjects (HS). Among patients with MS, the accuracy of VO2max measurement is often impaired because the patients are unable to reach the maximal exercise intensity due to interdependent factors linked to the disease (such as pathological fatigue, pain, lack of exercise habit, and lack of mobility). This study assesses the accuracy of simplified indices for assessing exercise tolerance, which are more suitable in patients with MS. They are simple in the way they are either measurable during submaximal exercise (oxygen uptake efficiency slopes (OUES), physical working capacity at 75% of maximal heart rate (PWC75%), oxygen consumption at a respiratory exchange ratio of 1 (VO2@RER1)) or not based on gas exchange analysis (peak work rate (PWR)‐based predictive equation and PWC75%). All indices were significantly lower in the MS group compared to the HS group (P < .001). OUES appeared highly correlated (r > .70, P < .001) with VO2peak, in both groups, without difference between groups. PWR‐based prediction of VO2peak showed a standard error of the estimate of 315 mL min−1 in HS and 176 mL min−1 in MS. PWC75% did not correlate to VO2peak in neither group. These findings suggest an impairment of exercise tolerance functions in mildly disabled persons with MS, independently from other factors. Submaximal indices involving gas exchange analysis or peakWR‐based estimation of VO2peak are usable to accurately assess exercise tolerance.
Beyond Coronativism: The Need For Agape
Authors: van Uden Annelies , van Houtum Henk 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this contribution we focus on togetherness, as one of the key notions in the current COVID‐19 crisis. Globally, it is seen as vital to stand and act together to combat the virus, and avoid a tragedy of the commons, in which actors are acting out of self‐interest and counterproductively to the general interest. In this essay we analyse the current geographical dissonant developments that the required human togetherness across the globe is facing. We find that the main conflicting tendencies, that we summarise as utilitarian locking up, nationalistic locking in and exclusionary locking out, are all employing a notion of togetherness which is largely based on an in‐group solidarity based on either age, gender, ethnicity, nationality or fitness. We argue that such narrow definition of togetherness falls short in dealing with the crisis in an effective as well as non‐discriminatory manner, and potentially could even lengthen or worsen the corona crisis. We end with a plea for a different conceptualisation of solidarity in the combat of the crisis, a radical non‐dividing form of togetherness: agape.
T‐cell adoptive immunotherapy for BK nephropathy in renal transplantation
Authors: Jahan Sadia , Scuderi Carla , Francis Leo , Neller Michelle A , Rehan Sweera , Crooks Pauline , Ambalathingal George R , Smith Corey , Khanna Rajiv , John George T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionBK virus (BKPyV) nephropathy occurs in 1%‐10% of kidney transplant recipients, with suboptimal therapeutic options.CaseA 54‐year‐old woman received a transplant in March 2017. BKPyV was detected at 1.5 × 102 copies/mL within a month, necessitating halving of mycophenolate and addition of leflunomide. Allograft histology in December showed polyomavirus nephropathy treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and cessation of mycophenolate. In February 2018, cidofovir and ciprofloxacin were commenced. In April, tacrolimus was reduced while introducing everolimus. A second graft biopsy in August showed increasing polyoma virus infection and a subsequent biopsy in September for worsening renal function showed 30% of tubular reactivity for simian virus 40 (SV40). Allogeneic BKPyV‐reactive T cells were generated from the patient's daughter and infused over 10 sessions starting late September. The fourth allograft biopsy in November 2018 demonstrated involvement of BKPyV in 50% of tubules. Allograft function continued to decline, requiring hemodialysis from December 2018. Allograft nephrectomy after 6 months showed <1% SV40 in preserved tubules and 80% interstitial fibrosis.DiscussionWe conclude that the T‐cell adoptive immunotherapy reduced BKPyV load significantly despite extensive infection, but attendant fibrosis and tubular atrophy led to graft failure. Early intervention with T‐cell therapy may prove efficacious in BKPyV nephropathy.
Glaucoma‐associated pain results in mechanical sensitivity changes in dogs: A pilot study
Authors: Zibura Ashley E. , Salmon Jacklyn H. , Belda Lopez Beatriz , X. Lascelles B. Duncan , Westermeyer Hans D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeTo explore the effects of chronic, uncontrolled glaucoma on pressure sensitivity in dogs before and after enucleation of the painful globe.MethodsClient‐owned dogs undergoing enucleation for chronic glaucoma with no other sources of pain were enrolled. Normal dogs of similar breeds and skull morphology were enrolled as controls. Craniofacial ratio (CFR) and relative palpebral fissure width (RPFW) were assessed in all patients. Serial mechanical quantitative sensory testing (QST) was performed the day before surgery, and 14, 30, 60, and 120 days after surgery. QST consisted of electronic Von Frey (eVF), and blunt algometry (BA) performed above and below the nonglaucomatous eye, the metacarpus, and metatarsus. Cochet‐Bonnet esthesiometry (CB) was also performed on the remaining eye.ResultsTwelve dogs (6 per group) were included. Compared to baseline values, sensitivity tended to decrease over time (increased thresholds) in treatment dogs while it stayed constant or increased slightly in control dogs. The difference in change from baseline sensitivity between control and treatment groups was significant at day 120 using BA at supraorbital (P = .0153), infraorbital (P = .0209), and metacarpal sites (P = .007) and overall (P = .0470). This divergence was also significant using CB (P = .0470) on the opposite cornea. As patient CFR and RPFWV increased, both eVF (P = .005‐.023) and BA (P = .004‐.041) increased.ConclusionsSensitivity to mechanical stimuli decreased both locally and at remote sites in dogs following enucleation for painful chronic glaucoma. Cranial conformation is associated with differences in sensitivity.
Aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate community responses to drying in chalk streams
Authors: Bunting George , England Judy , Gething Kieran , Sykes Tim , Webb Jon , Stubbington Rachel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTemporary streams are dynamic ecosystems that shift between wet and dry states and include the ‘winterbourne’ chalk streams of south England. Our understanding of temporary stream biodiversity is biased, with most research to date exploring aquatic invertebrate communities in benthic sediments during flowing phases. We surveyed the invertebrate communities of the Candover Brook chalk stream, comparing aquatic (benthic, hyporheic) and terrestrial communities in reaches with different flow permanence regimes. We used kick and Bou–Rouch sampling methods to collect aquatic invertebrates, and compared the terrestrial communities characterised by pitfall traps and ground searches and in different seasons. Although aquatic taxa richness was lower in temporary compared to perennial reaches, the total biodiversity of temporary stream channels was enhanced by contributions from both aquatic and terrestrial species, including several of conservation interest. We recommend that both aquatic and terrestrial communities should be considered in research and monitoring to characterise the biodiversity and ecological quality of temporary streams.
The assessment of nuclear hydrogen cogeneration system (NHCS) for CO2 conversion to urea fertilizer
Authors: Salimy Djati Hoesen , Sriyono Sriyono , Saragi Elfrida , Hafid Abdul 
Published: July 2020

This paper reviews the application of a nuclear hydrogen cogeneration system (NHCS) for conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to urea fertilizer. The NHCS is powered by high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR)with 2x600 MWt which is sufficient to produce hydrogen and heat energy to convert CO2 from coal-fired power plants with a power of 90 MWe to urea fertilizer of 1725 tons per day. As a source CO2, a coal-fired power plant is built near NHCS. Compared to conventional fertilizer plant, the NHCS application can save natural gas by 21.25x106 MMBTU/year, with a potential reduction in CO2 emission rate of 1.66x106 tons/year. Besides, there is still nuclear heat remaining at about 425.65 MWt which is equivalent to 140.46 MWe of electricity, and 90 MWe of electricity from coal-fired power plants that can be connected to electric grid. The paper also discusses the significance of the combination of NHCS and the technology of CO2 conversion which is expected to play an important role in the industry in the future as an environmentally friendly approach.