bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the effect of the COVID‐19 lockdown on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring
Authors: Dover A. R. , Ritchie S. A. , McKnight J. A. , Strachan M. W. J. , Zammitt N. N. , Wake D.J. , Forbes S. , Stimson R. H. , Gibb F. W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo describe the effect of the stringent lockdown measures, introduced in the UK on 23 March 2020 to curtail the transmission of COVID‐19, on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring.MethodsWe undertook an observational study of 572 individuals with type 1 diabetes for whom paired flash glucose monitoring data were available between early March and May 2020. The primary outcome was change in flash glucose monitoring variables. We also assessed clinical variables associated with change in glycaemic control.ResultsPercentage of time in range increased between March and May 2020 [median (interquartile range) 53 (41–64)% vs 56 (45–68)%; P < 0.001], with associated improvements in standard deviation of glucose (P <0.001) and estimated HbA1c (P <0.001). There was a small reduction in the number of individuals meeting the hypoglycaemia target of <5% per day (64% vs 58%; P = 0.004). Comparing changes in flash glucose monitoring data from March to May in 2019 with the same period in 2020 confirmed that these differences were confined to 2020. Socio‐economic deprivation was an independent predictor of a ≥5% reduction in time in range during lockdown (odds ratio 0.45 for people in the two most affluent Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation quintiles; P <0.001).ConclusionsLockdown was not associated with a significant deterioration in glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring. However, socio‐economic deprivation appeared to increase the risk of decline in glycaemic control, which has implications for how support is focused in challenging times.
Estimating the diagnostic accuracy of the ankle–brachial pressure index for detecting peripheral arterial disease in people with diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chuter V. H. , Searle A. , Barwick A. , Golledge J. , Leigh L. , Oldmeadow C. , Peterson B. , Tehan P. , Twigg S. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo systematically evaluate research investigating the accuracy of the ankle–brachial index (ABI) for diagnosing peripheral artery disease (PAD) in people with diabetes, as the accuracy is thought to be reduced in this cohort.MethodsA database search of EBSCO Megafile Premier, Embase and The Cochrane Library was conducted to 28 February 2019. Prospective and retrospective investigations of the diagnostic accuracy of the ABI for PAD in people with diabetes using an imaging reference standard were eligible. Sensitivity and specify of the ABI and bivariate meta‐analysis against reference tests, or a standard summary receiver operating curve analysis (SROC) was performed.ResultsThirty‐three studies met the inclusion criteria. ABI was compared with angiography in 12 studies and with colour duplex ultrasound (CDUS) in 21 studies. A SROC analysis of studies using angiography as the reference standard found a diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 9.06 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.61 to 22.69], and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.86). Bivariate analysis of studies using CDUS demonstrated mean sensitivity of 0.60 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.71; P = 0.097) and mean specificity of 0.87 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.92; P < 0.001) with a DOR of 9.76 (95% CI 5.24 to 18.20; P < 0.0001) and AUC 0.72.ConclusionsThese results suggest the ABI has a high specificity but lower sensitivity in detecting imaging diagnosed PAD in people with diabetes. The low probability of the testing being able to rule diagnosis in or out suggest that the ABI has limited effectiveness for early detection of PAD in this cohort.
Febrile neutropenia in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: Outcome in relation to qSOFA score, C‐reactive protein, and blood culture findings
Authors: Lappalainen Marika , Hämäläinen Sari , Romppanen Tuomo , Pulkki Kari , Pyörälä Marja , Koivula Irma , Jantunen Esa , Juutilainen Auni 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score during febrile neutropenia (FN) in adult patients receiving intensive chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML).MethodsqSOFA score, as well as the association of qSOFA score with ICU admission, infectious mortality, blood culture findings, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) measurements during FN were assessed among 125 adult AML patients with 355 FN periods receiving intensive chemotherapy in a tertiary care hospital from November 2006 to December 2018.ResultsThe multivariate model for qSOFA score ≥ 2 included CRP ≥ 150 mg/L on d0‐2 [OR 2.9 (95% CI 1.1‐7.3), P = .026], Gram‐negative bacteremia [OR 2.7 (95% CI 1.1‐6.9), P = .034], and treatment according to AML‐2003 vs more recent protocols [OR 2.7 (95% CI 1.0‐7.4), P = .047]. Age or gender did not gain significance in the model. qSOFA score ≥ 2 was associated with ICU treatment and infectious mortality during FN with sensitivity and specificity of 0.700 and 0.979, and 1.000 and 0.971, respectively.ConclusionqSOFA offers a useful tool to evaluate the risk of serious complications in AML patients during FN.
Growing in the city: Urban evolutionary ecology of avian growth rates
Authors: Corsini Michela , Schöll Eva Maria , Di Lecce Irene , Chatelain Marion , Dubiec Anna , Szulkin Marta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionRapid environmental change driven by urbanization offers a unique insight into the adaptive potential of urban‐dwelling organisms. Urban‐driven phenotypic differentiation is increasingly often demonstrated, but the impact of urbanization (here modelled as the percentage of impervious surface (ISA) around each nestbox) on offspring developmental rates and subsequent survival remains poorly understood. Furthermore, the role of selection on urban‐driven phenotypic divergence was rarely investigated to date.Methods and ResultsData on nestling development and body mass were analysed in a gradient of urbanization set in Warsaw, Poland, in two passerine species: great tits (Parus major) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus). Increasing levels of impervious surface area (ISA) delayed the age of fastest growth in blue tits. Nestling body mass was also negatively affected by increasing ISA 5 and 10 days after hatching in great tits, and 10 and 15 days in blue tits, respectively. High levels of ISA also increased nestling mortality 5 and 10 days after hatching in both species. An analysis of selection differentials performed for two levels of urbanization (low and high ISA) revealed a positive association between mass at day 2 and survival at fledging.DiscussionThis study confirms the considerable negative impact of imperviousness—a proxy for urbanization level—on offspring development, body mass and survival, and highlights increased selection on avian mass at hatching in a high ISA environment.
How does contemporary selection shape oak phenotypes?
Authors: Alexandre Hermine , Truffaut Laura , Klein Etienne , Ducousso Alexis , Chancerel Emilie , Lesur Isabelle , Dencausse Benjamin , Louvet Jean‐Marc , Nepveu Gérard , Torres‐Ruiz José M. , Lagane Frédéric , Musch Brigitte , Delzon Sylvain , Kremer Antoine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMost existing forests are subjected to natural and human‐mediated selection pressures, which have increased due to climate change and the increasing needs of human societies for wood, fibre and fuel resources. It remains largely unknown how these pressures trigger evolutionary changes. We address this issue here for temperate European oaks (Quercus petraea and Q. robur), which grow in mixed stands, under even‐aged management regimes. We screened numerous functional traits for univariate selection gradients and for expected and observed genetic changes over two successive generations. In both species, growth, leaf morphology and physiology, and defence‐related traits displayed significant selection gradients and predicted shifts, whereas phenology, water metabolism, structure and resilience‐related traits did not. However, the direction of the selection response and the potential for adaptive evolution differed between the two species. Quercus petraea had a much larger phenotypic and genetic variance of fitness than Q. robur. This difference raises concerns about the adaptive response of Q. robur to contemporary selection pressures. Our investigations suggest that Q. robur will probably decline steadily, particularly in mixed stands with Q. petraea, consistent with the contrasting demographic dynamics of the two species.
Pedal to the metal: Cities power evolutionary divergence by accelerating metabolic rate and locomotor performance
Authors: Chick Lacy D. , Waters James S. , Diamond Sarah E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMetabolic rates of ectotherms are expected to increase with global trends of climatic warming. But the potential for rapid, compensatory evolution of lower metabolic rate in response to rising temperatures is only starting to be explored. Here, we explored rapid evolution of metabolic rate and locomotor performance in acorn‐dwelling ants (Temnothorax curvispinosus) in response to urban heat island effects. We reared ant colonies within a laboratory common garden (25°C) to generate a laboratory‐born cohort of workers and tested their acute plastic responses to temperature. Contrary to expectations, urban ants exhibited a higher metabolic rate compared with rural ants when tested at 25°C, suggesting a potentially maladaptive evolutionary response to urbanization. Urban and rural ants had similar metabolic rates when tested at 38°C, as a consequence of a diminished plastic response of the urban ants. Locomotor performance also evolved such that the running speed of urban ants was faster than rural ants under warmer test temperatures (32°C and 42°C) but slower under a cooler test temperature (22°C). The resulting specialist–generalist trade‐off and higher thermal optimum for locomotor performance might compensate for evolved increases in metabolic rate by allowing workers to more quickly scout and retrieve resources.
Medication non‐adherence after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in adult and pediatric recipients: a cross sectional study conducted by the Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy
Authors: Belaiche Stephanie , Décaudin Bertrand , Caron Alexandre , Depas Nicolas , Vignaux Claire , Vigouroux Stephane , Coiteux Valérie , Magro Leonardo , Sirvent Anne , Huynh Anne , Turlure Pascal , Farge Dominique , Lioure Bruno , Bruno Bénédicte , De Berranger Eva , Maillard Natacha , Bourhis Jean‐Henri , Bay Jacques‐Olivier , Bulabois Claude‐Eric , Ceballos Patrice , Fegueux Nathalie , Hicheri Yosr , Vincent Laure , Rialland Fanny , Gandemer Virginie , Taque Sophie , Cornillon Jérôme , Contentin Nathalie , Galambrun Claire , Plantaz Dominique , Odou Pascal , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMedication non‐adherence (NA) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) can lead to serious complications. This study assesses NA in French adult and pediatric recipients and identifies factors associated with NA. In accordance with the EMERGE and STROBE guidelines, a cross sectional multicentric survey was conducted. We used a self‐reported questionnaire that was adapted to adults and pediatrics and that could provide a picture of all three phases of medication adherence: initiation, implementation, persistence. We enrolled 242 patients, 203 adults (mean age: 51 years old, 50.7% male) and 39 children (mean age: 9 years old, 56.4% female). Reported NA was estimated at about 75% in both populations, adults and pediatrics. In adults, the univariate analysis showed that patients less than 50 years old (P = 0.041), (i) treated with cyclosporine (P = 0.02), (ii) treated with valacyclovir/acyclovir (P = 0.016), and (iii) experiencing side effects (P = 0.009), were significantly more non‐adherent. In multivariate analysis, only recipient age was significantly associated to NA (P = 0.05). The limited size of the pediatric population did not allow us to draw any statistical conclusion about this population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in France on NA in allo‐HCT recipients. Our results highlight the age factor as the only factor related to NA. Further studies are needed to confirm our observations and refine results in pediatric populations, currently most at risk of medication NA.
Transcriptomic approach predicts a major role for transforming growth factor beta type 1 pathway in L‐Dopa‐induced dyskinesia in parkinsonian rats
Authors: Dyavar Shetty Ravi , Potts Lisa F. , Beck Goichi , Dyavar Shetty Bhagya Laxmi , Lawson Benton , Podany Anthony T. , Fletcher Courtney V. , Amara Rama Rao , Papa Stella M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDyskinesia induced by long‐term L‐Dopa (LID) therapy in Parkinson disease is associated with altered striatal function whose molecular bases remain unclear. Here, a transcriptomic approach was applied for comprehensive analysis of distinctively regulated genes in striatal tissue, their specific pathways, and functional‐ and disease‐associated networks in a rodent model of LID. This approach has identified transforming growth factor beta type 1 (TGFβ1) as a highly upregulated gene in dyskinetic animals. TGFβ1 pathway is a top aberrantly regulated pathway in the striatum following LID development based on differentially expressed genes (> 1.5 fold change and P < 0.05). The induction of TGFβ1 pathway specific genes, TGFβ1, INHBA, AMHR2 and PMEPA1 was also associated with regulation of NPTX2, PDP1, SCG2, SYNPR, TAC1, TH, TNNT1 genes. Transcriptional network and upstream regulator analyses have identified AKT‐centered functional and ERK‐centered disease networks revealing the association of TGFβ1, IL‐1β and TNFα with LID development. Therefore, results support that TGFβ1 pathway is a major contributor to the pathogenic mechanisms of LID.
A century of fish growth in relation to climate change, population dynamics and exploitation
Authors: Denechaud Côme , Smoliński Szymon , Geffen Audrey J. , Godiksen Jane A. , Campana Steven E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMarine ecosystems, particularly in high‐latitude regions such as the Arctic, have been significantly affected by human activities and contributions to climate change. Evaluating how fish populations responded to past changes in their environment is helpful for evaluating their future patterns, but is often hindered by the lack of long‐term biological data available. Using otolith increments of Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) as a proxy for individual growth, we developed a century‐scale biochronology (1924–2014) based on the measurements of 3,894 fish, which revealed significant variations in cod growth over the last 91 years. We combined mixed‐effect modeling and path analysis to relate these growth variations to selected climate, population and fishing‐related factors. Cod growth was negatively related to cod population size and positively related to capelin population size, one of the most important prey items. This suggests that density‐dependent effects are the main source of growth variability due to competition for resources and cannibalism. Growth was also positively correlated with warming sea temperatures but negatively correlated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, suggesting contrasting effects of climate warming at different spatial scales. Fishing pressure had a significant but weak negative direct impact on growth. Additionally, path analysis revealed that the selected growth factors were interrelated. Capelin biomass was positively related to sea temperature and negatively influenced by herring biomass, while cod biomass was mainly driven by fishing mortality. Together, these results give a better understanding of how multiple interacting factors have shaped cod growth throughout a century, both directly and indirectly.
Plant biomes demonstrate that landscape resilience today is the lowest it has been since end‐Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions
Authors: Wang Yue , Shipley Benjamin R. , Lauer Daniel A. , Pineau Rozenn M. , McGuire Jenny L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResilient landscapes have helped maintain terrestrial biodiversity during periods of climatic and environmental change. Identifying the tempo and mode of landscape transitions and the drivers of landscape resilience is critical to maintaining natural systems and preserving biodiversity given today's rapid climate and land use changes. However, resilient landscapes are difficult to recognize on short time scales, as perturbations are challenging to quantify and ecosystem transitions are rare. Here we analyze two components of North American landscape resilience over 20,000 years: residence time and recovery time. To evaluate landscape dynamics, we use plant biomes, preserved in the fossil pollen record, to examine how long a biome type persists at a given site (residence time) and how long it takes for the biome at that site to reestablish following a transition (recovery time). Biomes have a median residence time of only 230–460 years. Only 64% of biomes recover their original biome type, but recovery time is 140–290 years. Temperatures changing faster than 0.5°C per 500 years result in much reduced residence times. Following a transition, biodiverse biomes reestablish more quickly. Landscape resilience varies through time. Notably, short residence times and long recovery times directly preceded the end‐Pleistocene megafauna extinction, resulting in regional destabilization, and combining with more proximal human impacts to deliver a one‐two punch to megafauna species. Our work indicates that landscapes today are once again exhibiting low resilience, foreboding potential extinctions to come. Conservation strategies focused on improving both landscape and ecosystem resilience by increasing local connectivity and targeting regions with high richness and diverse landforms can mitigate these extinction risks.
Rapid turnover of transcription factor Rim101 confirms a flexible adaptation mechanism against environmental stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Obara Keisuke , Higuchi Mai , Ogura Yuki , Nishimura Kohei , Kamura Takumi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae cells activate the Rim101 pathway to adapt to alkaline and salt stresses. On activation of this pathway, the transcription factor Rim101 undergoes proteolytic activation and regulates the expression of responsive genes. We found Rim101 to be a short‐lived protein with a half‐life of approximately 15 min. Its rapid turnover was supposedly mediated by the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Excess accumulation of the processed active Rim101 through its over‐expression conferred tolerance to both alkaline and salt stresses in yeast cells; in contrast, it had detrimental effects under cadmium stress condition. Cadmium ion inhibited proteolytic activation of Rim101, implying reciprocal interaction between the Rim101 pathway and cadmium stress. Our results showed yeast cells to be equipped with two protective systems to prevent overaccumulation of the processed active Rim101; Rim101 processing is inhibited when Rim101 level is high, and turnover of processed Rim101 is accelerated when it is abundant. Collectively, the results confirmed the flexible aspect of stress response in yeast cell; the cells not only prevent excess activation of one stress‐responsive pathway but also facilitate its attenuation to cope with other environmental stresses.
Early wound complications after orthopaedic surgery for haemophilia: What can we do more
Authors: Feng Bin , Li Zeng , Feng Cheng , Zeng Ang , Gao Peng , Liu Yong , Weng Xisheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe characteristics of the haemophilia may endanger the patient with haemophilia (PWH) to higher ratio of wound complication, even lead to the refractory wound problem. The early wound complication in PWH has not been well studied in literature.MethodsBetween the period from 2002 to 2018, 250 patients underwent 323 elective orthopaedic surgical procedures for the treatment of haemophilic musculoskeletal disorders. The medical records were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were evaluated for postoperative wound complications within 30 days. Risk factors related to wound complications were further analysed. The patients underwent vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) for refractory wound healing problem were further analysed.ResultsTwenty‐four patients of 250 patients experienced early wound complication within postoperative 30 days. The incidence of wound complication in the patients without preoperative infection was 6.5%. Positive inhibitor and surgery for pseudotumour were associated with higher rate of wound complication after logistic regression, with the odds ratios (OR) of 5.7 (95% CI, 1.08 to 30.3) and 4.9 (95% CI, 1.3 to 18.5), respectively. Eight patients underwent VSD treatment for refractory wound healing problem and recovered uneventfully. The total VSD treatment cycle was 2.25 (from 2 to 4). The average factor consumption was 26.1 IU kg−1 d−1. The patients complicated with infection had higher, but not statistically significantly, treatment duration, factor consumption and peri‐VSD total blood loss than the patients without infection.ConclusionsPWH had an incidence of 6.5% of early wound healing problem after elective orthopaedic surgery for musculoskeletal disorder in the present study. The presence of positive inhibitor and surgical procedure for haemophiliac pseudotumour are associated with higher incidence of wound healing problem. The VSD is an effective alternative for the treatment of refractory wound healing problem for PWH, especially for the patients complicated with infection.