bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic liability to ADHD and substance use disorders in individuals with ADHD
Authors: Wimberley Theresa , Agerbo Esben , Horsdal Henriette Thisted , Ottosen Cæcilie , Brikell Isabell , Als Thomas Damm , Demontis Ditte , Børglum Anders D. , Nordentoft Merete , Mors Ole , Werge Thomas , Hougaard David , Bybjerg‐Grauholm Jonas , Hansen Marie Bækvad , Mortensen Preben Bo , Thapar Anita , Riglin Lucy , Langley Kate , Dalsgaard Søren 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims1) To investigate whether genetic liability to attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), indexed by polygenic risk scores for ADHD (PRS‐ADHD), is associated with substance use disorders (SUD) in individuals with ADHD. 2) To investigate whether other individual‐ or family‐related risk factors for SUD could mediate or confound this association.DesignPopulation‐based cohort studySetting and participantsADHD cases in the iPSYCH sample (a Danish case‐cohort sample of genotyped cases with specific mental disorders), born in Denmark between 1981 and 2003 (N = 13 116). Register‐based information on hospital diagnoses of SUD was available until December 31, 2016.MeasurementsWe estimated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for any SUD as well as for different SUD types (alcohol, cannabis, and other illicit drugs) and severities (use, abuse, and addiction), with effect sizes corresponding to a comparison of the highest PRS‐ADHD decile to the lowest.FindingsPRS‐ADHD were associated with any SUD (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.11–1.51). Estimates were similar across different types and severity levels of SUD. Other risk factors for SUD (male sex, age at ADHD diagnosis, comorbid conduct problems, and parental factors including SUD, mental disorders, and socio‐economic status) were independently associated with increased risk of SUD. PRS‐ADHD explained a minor proportion of the variance in SUD (0.2% on the liability scale) compared to the other risk factors. The association between PRS‐ADHD and any SUD was slightly attenuated (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.03–1.41) after adjusting for the other risk factors for SUD. Furthermore, associations were nominally higher in females than in males (ORfemales = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.19–2.12, ORmales = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.98–1.42).ConclusionsA higher genetic liability to attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder appears to be associated with higher risks of substance use disorders in individuals with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Efficacy of mifepristone and misoprostol for medical treatment of missed miscarriage in clinical practice—A cohort study
Authors: Ehrnstén Lisa , Altman Daniel , Ljungblad Anton , Kopp Kallner Helena 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionIt has been estimated that one out of every four women experience first‐trimester miscarriage. Missed miscarriage is a common form of early miscarriage where the products of conception are not expelled from the uterus. It is diagnosed by ultrasound. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the success rate of a combination treatment with mifepristone and misoprostol for missed miscarriage in clinical practice. The secondary objective was to identify significant factors influencing the rate of success.Material and methodsA cohort of 941 consecutive women with an ICD‐10 diagnosis of missed miscarriage who received treatment with 800 µg vaginal misoprostol and 2 repeat doses of 400 µg oral misoprostol after mifepristone pretreatment between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2014 was analyzed. Women with a uterine size smaller than 12 weeks who were planned for medical treatment were included in the study. The exclusion criteria were primary surgical management or planned follow up outside the Stockholm County Council area.ResultsThe success rate of medical treatment, defined as no need for surgical treatment, was 85.5% (805/941) in women with a uterine size of less than 12 weeks. However, for women with uterine size below 9 weeks the success rate was 88.9% (586/659). Indeed, uterine size of 9 gestational weeks or larger at time of treatment was identified as the only significant risk factor for surgical intervention.ConclusionsThe medical regimen for missed miscarriage offered in this study appears to be safe and with high rates of success. Conclusions about which women to exclude from medical treatment could not be made. Medical treatment may therefore benefit all women with missed miscarriage who wish to avoid primary surgery.
An analytical relation between the Weibull and Basquin laws for smooth and notched specimens and application to constant amplitude fatigue
Authors: D'Antuono Pietro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStarting from the classical definition of stress‐life Wöhler curve in the form of the Basquin law, an analytical procedure for the calibration of the four parameters' Wöhler curve (the Weibull law) for a plain specimen is proposed. The obtained parameters are then adjusted by means of an additional slope factor preserving the inflection point of the curve while changing its slope in order to model the experimental observations in which an increase of the scatter in life prediction is observed when reducing the stress amplitude. The same approach has then been adopted to calibrate the Weibull law parameters for a notched specimen, and the fitting slope factor has been found to be a value that changes with the material but remains constant with the stress concentration factor. The findings have been validated with existing experimental data on 2024‐T3 aluminum alloy and normalized SAE 4130 steel.
Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1: Clinical phenotypes, molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic insights
Authors: Saladini Matteo , Nizzardo Monica , Govoni Alessandra , Taiana Michela , Bresolin Nereo , Comi Giacomo P. , Corti Stefania 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) is a rare autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the IGHMBP2 gene, which encodes immunoglobulin μ‐binding protein 2, leading to progressive spinal motor neuron degeneration. We review the data available in the literature about SMARD1. The vast majority of patients show an onset of typical symptoms in the first year of life. The main clinical features are distal muscular atrophy and diaphragmatic palsy, for which permanent supportive ventilation is required. No effective treatment is available yet, but novel therapeutic approaches, such as gene therapy, have shown encouraging results in preclinical settings and thus represent possible methods for treating SMARD1. Significant advancements in the understanding of both the SMARD1 clinical spectrum and its molecular mechanisms have allowed the rapid translation of preclinical therapeutic strategies to human patients to improve the poor prognosis of this devastating disease.
Passive Digital Signature for Early Identification of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia
Authors: Boustani Malaz , Perkins Anthony J. , Khandker Rezaul Karim , Duong Stephen , Dexter Paul R. , Lipton Richard , Black Christopher M. , Chandrasekaran Vasu , Solid Craig A. , Monahan Patrick 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVESDeveloping scalable strategies for the early identification of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) is important. We aimed to develop a passive digital signature for early identification of ADRD using electronic medical record (EMR) data.DESIGNA case‐control study.SETTINGThe Indiana Network for Patient Care (INPC), a regional health information exchange in Indiana.PARTICIPANTSPatients identified with ADRD and matched controls.MEASUREMENTSWe used data from the INPC that includes structured and unstructured (visit notes, progress notes, medication notes) EMR data. Cases and controls were matched on age, race, and sex. The derivation sample consisted of 10 504 cases and 39 510 controls; the validation sample included 4500 cases and 16 952 controls. We constructed models to identify early 1‐ to 10‐year, 3‐ to 10‐year, and 5‐ to 10‐year ADRD signatures. The analyses included 14 diagnostic risk variables and 10 drug classes in addition to new variables produced from unstructured data (eg, disorientation, confusion, wandering, apraxia, etc). The area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve was used to determine the best models.RESULTSThe AUROC curves for the validation samples for the 1‐ to 10‐year, 3‐ to 10‐year, and 5‐ to 10‐year models that used only structured data were .689, .649, and .633, respectively. For the same samples and years, models that used both structured and unstructured data produced AUROC curves of .798, .748, and .704, respectively. Using a cutoff to maximize sensitivity and specificity, the 1‐ to 10‐year, 3‐ to 10‐year, and 5‐ to 10‐year models had sensitivity that ranged from 51% to 62% and specificity that ranged from 80% to 89%.CONCLUSIONEMR‐based data provide a targeted and scalable process for early identification of risk of ADRD as an alternative to traditional population screening. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:511–518, 2020
Avoiding household food waste, one step at a time: The role of self‐efficacy, convenience orientation, and the good provider identity in distinct situational contexts
Authors: Aschemann‐Witzel Jessica , Giménez Ana , Grønhøj Alice , Ares Gastón 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA primary cause of food waste in households is a lack of food capabilities. Yet, the antecedents of food capabilities and its relationship with causes of food waste across different situational contexts remain poorly understood. We apply self‐efficacy theory in combination with convenience orientation and good provider identity in a mixed‐methods study. Findings reveal that the sequential structure of self‐efficacy explains how capabilities contribute to food waste avoidance. A good provider identity, however, increases food waste, and also turns out to further convenience orientation. Food capabilities, in turn, reduce convenience orientation. Qualitative insights shed light on consumer's own accounts of their abilities. The findings contribute to a theory‐based understanding of how consumers manage the complex issue of food waste. Findings imply that public policy and marketing should aim to strengthen consumers' self‐efficacy beliefs and redefine the good provider identity, in particular in social contexts, to reverse its effect on waste.
Effects of nebulized dexamethasone on the respiratory microbiota and mycobiota and relative equine herpesvirus‐1, 2, 4, 5 in an equine model of asthma
Authors: Bond Stephanie L. , Workentine Matthew , Hundt Jana ,   UCVM Class of 2019, Gilkerson James R. , Léguillette Renaud 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundProlonged exposure to environmental antigens or allergens elicits an immune response in both healthy horses and those with mild asthma. Corticosteroids often are used to treat lower airway inflammation.ObjectiveTo investigate the changes in equine herpesvirus (EHV)‐1,2,4,5 glycoprotein B gene expression and changes in respiratory bacterial and fungal communities after nebulized dexamethasone treatment of horses with asthma.AnimalsHorses with naturally occurring mild asthma (n = 16) and healthy control horses (n = 4).MethodsProspective, randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of EHV‐1,2,4,5 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and 16S (microbiome) and ITS2 (mycobiome) genes with subsequent sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from nasal swabs and transendoscopic tracheal aspirates before and after 13 days treatment with nebulized dexamethasone (15 mg q24h) and saline (control).ResultsNebulized dexamethasone treatment decreased microbial diversity; relative abundance of 8 genera in the upper respiratory tract were altered. For both the microbiota and the mycobiota, environment had a dominant effect over treatment. Alternaria, an opportunistic pathogen and allergen in humans recognized as a risk factor for asthma, asthma severity, and exacerbations, was increased with treatment. Treatment affected relative quantification of the equine gamma herpesviruses (EHV‐2 and ‐5); EHV‐2 DNA levels increased and those of EHV‐5 decreased.ConclusionsNebulized dexamethasone treatment affected the upper respiratory tract microbiota, but not the mycobiota, which was overwhelmed by the effect of a sustained dusty environment.
Edge influence on understorey plant communities depends on forest management
Authors: Govaert Sanne , Meeussen Camille , Vanneste Thomas , Bollmann Kurt , Brunet Jörg , Cousins Sara A. O. , Diekmann Martin , Graae Bente J. , Hedwall Per‐Ola , Heinken Thilo , Iacopetti Giovanni , Lenoir Jonathan , Lindmo Sigrid , Orczewska Anna , Perring Michael P. , Ponette Quentin , Plue Jan , Selvi Federico , Spicher Fabien , Tolosano Matteo , Vermeir Pieter , Zellweger Florian , Verheyen Kris , Vangansbeke Pieter , De Frenne Pieter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractQuestionsDoes the influence of forest edges on plant species richness and composition depend on forest management? Do forest specialists and generalists show contrasting patterns?LocationMesic, deciduous forests across Europe.MethodsVegetation surveys were performed in forests with three management types (unthinned, thinned 5–10 years ago and recently thinned) along a macroclimatic gradient from Italy to Norway. In each of 45 forests, we established five vegetation plots along a south‐facing edge‐to‐interior gradient (n = 225). Forest specialist, generalist and total species richness, as well as evenness and proportion of specialists, were tested as a function of the management type and distance to the edge while accounting for several environmental variables (e.g. landscape composition and soil characteristics). Magnitude and distance of edge influence were estimated for species richness per management type.ResultsGreatest total species richness was found in thinned forests. Edge influence on generalist plant species richness was contingent on the management type, with the smallest decrease in species richness from the edge‐to‐interior in unthinned forests. In addition, generalist richness increased with the proportion of forests in the surrounding landscape and decreased in forests dominated by tree species that cast more shade. Forest specialist species richness, however, was not affected by management type or distance to the edge, and only increased with pH and increasing proportion of forests in the landscape.ConclusionsForest thinning affects the plant community composition along edge‐to‐interior transects of European forests, with richness of forest specialists and generalists responding differently. Therefore, future studies should take the forest management into account when interpreting edge‐to‐interior because both modify the microclimate, soil processes and deposition of polluting aerosols. This interaction is key to predict the effects of global change on forest plants in landscapes characterized by the mosaic of forest patches and agricultural land that is typical for Europe.
Leveraging insights into cancer metabolism—a symposium report
Authors: Cable Jennifer , Finley Lydia , Tu Benjamin P. , Patti Gary J. , Oliver Trudy G. , Vardhana Santosha , Mana Miyeko , Ericksen Russell , Khare Sanika , DeBerardinis Ralph , Stockwell Brent R. , Edinger Aimee , Haigis Marcia , Kaelin William 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTumor cells have devised unique metabolic strategies to garner enough nutrients to sustain continuous growth and cell division. Oncogenic mutations may alter metabolic pathways to unlock new sources of energy, and cells take the advantage of various scavenging pathways to ingest material from their environment. These changes in metabolism result in a metabolic profile that, in addition to providing the building blocks for macromolecules, can also influence cell signaling pathways to promote tumor initiation and progression. Understanding what pathways tumor cells use to synthesize the materials necessary to support metabolic growth can pave the way for new cancer therapeutics. Potential strategies include depriving tumors of the materials needed to grow or targeting pathways involved in dependencies that arise by virtue of their altered metabolis.
The Patterns of Disability in the Peripheral Neighborhoods of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and the Male–Female Health‐Survival Paradox
Authors: Cambois Emmanuelle , Duthé Géraldine , Soura Abdramane Bassiahi , Compaoré Yacouba 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDisability is a crucial health and social concern in sub‐Saharan Africa, where a high prevalence of disabling diseases is compounded with insufficient care provision. There is a need for detailed analysis of the disability patterns. We provide a gender‐specific picture for the population in peripheral Ouagadougou (Burkina‐Faso), based on six disability dimensions following the United Nations’ recommendations. We computed disability‐free life expectancy (LE) using the Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Ouaga HDSS) (n = 1 902). Women have a longer partial LE in the 20–79 age range (+3.3 years), half of this LE being spent with a disability, versus 31% of the LE for men. Limitations in mobility, cognition, and eyesight occur in midadulthood and result in a considerable disadvantage for women in the number of years with these limitations. These findings highlight disability patterns that are detrimental to social participation and claim for better screening and care, especially for women.
Structural insights into the lipid transfer mechanism of a non‐specific lipid transfer protein
Authors: Madni Zaid Kamal , Tripathi Sunil Kumar , Salunke Dinakar M. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe non‐specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are multifunctional seed proteins engaged in several different physiological processes. The nsLTPs are stabilized by four disulfide bonds and exhibit a characteristic hydrophobic cavity, which is the primary lipid binding site. While these proteins are known to transfer lipids between membranes, the mechanism of lipid transfer has remained elusive. Four crystal structures of nsLTP from Solanum melongena, one in the apo‐state and three myristic acid bound states were determined. Among the three lipid bound states, two lipid molecules were bound on the nsLTP surface at different positions and one was inside the cavity. The lipid‐dependent conformational changes leading to opening of the cavity were revealed based on structural and spectroscopic data. The surface‐bound lipid represented a transient intermediate state and the lipid ultimately moved inside the cavity through the cavity gate as revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. Two critical residues in the loop regions played possible ‘gating’ role in the opening and closing of the cavity. Antifungal activity and membrane permeabilization effect of nsLTP against Fusarium oxysporum suggested that it could possibly involve in bleaching out the lipids. Collectively, these studies support a model of lipid transfer mechanism by nsLTP via intermediate states.
Angiotensin receptor blockade mimics the effect of exercise on recovery after orthopaedic trauma by decreasing pain and improving muscle regeneration
Authors: Tawfik Vivianne L. , Quarta Marco , Paine Patrick , Forman Thomas E. , Pajarinen Jukka , Takemura Yoshinori , Goodman Stuart B. , Rando Thomas A. , Clark J. David 
Published: November 2019

Key points
Our tibial fracture orthopaedic injury model in mice recapitulates the major manifestations of complex trauma, including nociceptive sensitization, bone fracture, muscle fibrosis and muscle fibre loss.
Delayed exercise after complex orthopaedic trauma results in decreased muscle fibrosis and improved pain
Losartan, an angiotensin‐receptor blocker with anti‐fibrotic abilities, recapitulates the effect of exercise on post‐injury recovery and may provide an enhanced recovery option for those who are unable to exercise after injury
AbstractChronic pain and disability after limb injury are major public health problems. Early mobilization after injury improves functional outcomes for patients, although when and how to implement rehabilitation strategies remains a clinical challenge. Additionally, whether the beneficial effects of exercise can be reproduced using pharmacological tools remains unknown and may benefit patients who are unable to exercise as a result of immobilization. We developed a murine model of orthopaedic trauma combining tibia fracture and pin fixation with muscle damage. Behavioural measures included mechanical nociceptive thresholds and distances run on exercise wheels. Bone healing was quantified using microcomputed tomagraphic scanning, and muscle fibre size distribution and fibrosis were followed using immunohistochemistry. We found that the model provided robust mechanical allodynia, fibrosis and a shift to smaller average muscle fibre size lasting up to 5 weeks from injury. We also observed that allowing ‘late’ (weeks 1–2) rather than ‘early’ (weeks 0–1) exercise after injury resulted in greater overall running activity and greater reversal of allodynia. In parallel, the late running paradigm was associated with reduced muscle fibrosis, earlier increase in muscle fibre diameter and a short‐term benefit in reducing callus volume. Providing the anti‐fibrotic angiotensin receptor blocker losartan to mice in drinking water reduced both allodynia and muscle fibrosis. Combining losartan and late exercise provided no additional benefit. We conclude that early healing after orthopaedic trauma must be allowed prior to the initiation of exercise to achieve optimal pain, functional and physiological outcomes and that losartan is a viable candidate for translational studies.
On the Numerical Behavior of RANS-Based Transition Models
Authors: Lopes Rui , Eça Luís , Vaz Guilherme 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A comparison of several Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) based transition models is presented. Four of the most widespread models are selected: the γ−Reθ, γ, amplification factor transport (AFT), and kT−kL−ω models, representative of different modeling approaches. The calculations are performed on several geometries: a flat plate, the Eppler 387 and NACA 0012 two-dimensional (2D) airfoils at two angles of attack, and the SD7003 wing. Distinct features such as the influence of the inlet boundary conditions, discretization error, and modeling error are discussed. It is found that all models present a strong sensitivity to the turbulence quantities inlet boundary conditions, and with the exception of the AFT model, are severely influenced by the decay of turbulence predicted by the underlying turbulence model. This makes the estimation of modeling errors troublesome because these quantities are rarely reported in experiments. Despite not having specific terms in their formulation to deal with separation-induced transition, both the AFT and kT−kL−ω models manage to predict it for the Eppler 387 foil, although presenting higher numerical uncertainty than the remaining models. However, both models show difficulties in the simulation of flows at Reynolds numbers under 105. The γ−Reθ and γ models are the most robust alternatives in terms of iterative and discretization error. The use of RANS compatible transition models allows for laminar flow and features such as laminar separation bubbles to be reproduced and can lead to greatly improved numerical solutions when compared to simulations performed with standard turbulence models.