bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating optical top-of-atmosphere radiance satellite images over snow-covered rugged terrain
Authors: Lamare Maxim , Dumont Marie , Picard Ghislain , Larue Fanny , Tuzet François , Delcourt Clément , Arnaud Laurent 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The monitoring of snow-covered surfaces on Earth is largely facilitated by the wealth of satellite data available, with increasing spatial
resolution and temporal coverage over the last few years. Yet to date, retrievals of snow physical properties still remain complicated in mountainous
areas, owing to the complex interactions of solar radiation with terrain features such as multiple scattering between slopes, exacerbated over
bright surfaces. Existing physically based models of solar radiation across rough scenes are either too complex and resource-demanding for the
implementation of systematic satellite image processing, not designed for highly reflective surfaces such as snow, or tied to a specific satellite
sensor. This study proposes a new formulation, combining a forward model of solar radiation over rugged terrain with dedicated snow optics into a
flexible multi-sensor tool that bridges a gap in the optical remote sensing of snow-covered surfaces in mountainous regions. The model presented here allows one to perform rapid calculations over large snow-covered areas. Good results are obtained even for extreme cases, such as steep shadowed
slopes or, on the contrary, strongly illuminated sun-facing slopes. Simulations of Sentinel-3 OLCI (Ocean and Land Colour Instrument) scenes performed over a mountainous region in the
French Alps allow us to reduce the bias by up to a factor of 6 in the visible wavelengths compared to methods that account for slope inclination
only. Furthermore, the study underlines the contribution of the individual fluxes to the total top-of-atmosphere radiance, highlighting the
importance of reflected radiation from surrounding slopes which, in midwinter after a recent snowfall (13 February 2018), accounts on average for
7 % of the signal at 400 nm and 16 % at 1020 nm (on 13 February 2018), as well as of coupled diffuse radiation scattered by the
neighbourhood, which contributes to 18 % at 400 nm and 4 % at 1020 nm. Given the importance of these contributions,
accounting for slopes and reflected radiation between terrain features is a requirement for improving the accuracy of satellite retrievals of snow
properties over snow-covered rugged terrain. The forward formulation presented here is the first step towards this goal, paving the way for future
retrievals.
Hypertensive Patients Knowledge, Attitude and Practice for Stroke Prevention in Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Sinha Roshni , Verma Poonam , Rohilla Kusum K , Kalyani C Vasantha 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Worldwide, Stroke becomes a public health problem. In India, reports indicating towards its emerging epidemic in near future. Hypertensive disease is considered as predisposing factor for Stroke. The present study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of hypertensive patients for stroke prevention in Uttarakhand, India.
Methodology: The present study was a cross sectional study conducted on 243 hypertensive patients who were visiting outpatient department of All India Institute of Medical sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh by using purposively sampling technique. Structured questionnaire of knowledge, attitude and practice were used to collect data from participants of the study. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 23.0 statistical package.
Results: Majority participants were of more than 60 years age, male, illiterate and no family history of hypertension. Most of participants were taking their regular treatment for hypertension. 185 (76%) hypertensive patients were having poor knowledge for stroke prevention. 215 (88%) participants had neutral attitude towards stroke prevention strategies whereas majority (64%) were following good practices.
Conclusion: Findings suggested that policy makers should focus on health education of high risk group for stroke and also empower them with knowledge to control rising curve of stroke globally.
Assessment of Nicotine Dependence among Adult Tobacco Users in Selected Urban Population of Ahmedabad City
Authors: Mall Anjali , Vyas Sheetal 
Published: November 2020

Background: Tobacco consumption is considered as a major public health problem in India. However, nicotine dependency is an area which has not been given much importance. The FTND score is considered as an easy tool to assess the dependence through physiological and behavioural symptoms.
Aim and Objectives: To assess the nicotine dependence of the tobacco users in urban slums of Ahmedabad city.
Methodology: Nicotine dependence among tobacco users (18-60 years) was studied by means of six -item. (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence) in a community based interventional cluster randomized trial which was conducted through house to house survey from 20 clusters (slums) of Ahmedabad district.
Result: Among 1968 people surveyed, a total of 400 subjects in intervention and control arm were interviewed. The prevalence of tobacco use was 20.3%. 23 % of the tobacco users had high to very high dependence. The overall FTND score was 4.5 and score for smoking was high 5.4 (2.2).
Conclusion: A medium level of dependence was observed among the tobacco users in the current study. Tobacco intervention study can be more effective and productive if a baseline assessment of nicotine dependence is measured before any intervention.
De NOW en bedrijfseconomisch ontslag: de spagaat van een werkgever die loonkostensubsidie aanvraagt, maar tegelijkertijd moet reorganiseren
Authors: Terpstra Juno 
Published: November 2020

De NOW en bedrijfseconomisch ontslag: de spagaat van een werkgever die loonkostensubsidie aanvraagt, maar zich tegelijkertijd genoodzaakt ziet om te reorganiseren
De economische gevolgen van de coronapandemie zullen langer aanhouden dan aanvankelijk werd gedacht. Bedrijven kunnen een beroep doen op tijdelijke steunmaatregelen van de overheid zoals de NOW, maar moeten tegelijkertijd structurele maatregelen nemen om ook op de lange termijn te kunnen overleven. Werkgevers die loonkostensubsidie aanvragen onder de NOW moeten echter rekening houden met de beperkingen die de NOW stelt aan bedrijfseconomische ontslagen. Dit artikel bespreekt de ontslagverplichtingen uit de NOW en de gevolgen die deze kunnen hebben op de hoogte van de subsidie. Deze verplichtingen dwingen werkgevers daarop te anticiperen en vooraf een weloverwogen keuze te maken.
De AVG en ontslag: twee jaar na inwerkingtreding AVG
Authors: Dorenbos Karolina 
Published: November 2020

De AVG en ontslag: twee jaar na inwerkingtreding AVG
Twee jaar na inwerkingtreding van de Algemene verordening gegevensbescherming zet de auteur in dit artikel een aantal recente ontwikkelingen op het gebied van gegevensverwerking en -bescherming op de werkvloer uiteen. In het eerste deel van het artikel gaat zij in op de meer institutionele aspecten waaronder de evaluatie van de (U)AVG. De auteur ziet ingrijpende ontwikkelingen op het gebied van wetgeving en toezicht zoals de voorgenomen wetgeving over het gebruik van alcohol- en drugstesten op de werkvloer en de ontwikkelingen op het gebied van biometrie waaronder een hoge boete van Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens voor het gebruik van de vingerscan bij toegangscontrole. In deel 2 van dit artikel zal de huidige stand van de rechtspraak worden afgezet tegen de strengere normen uit de AVG.
Opvolgende arbeidsovereenkomsten en misbruik: van Campina tot en met Taxi Dorenbos
Authors: Palm Steven 
Published: November 2020

Opvolgende arbeidsovereenkomsten en misbruik: van Campina tot en met Taxi Dorenbos
De centrale vraag in dit artikel is: welke gezichtspunten biedt de jurisprudentie van de Hoge Raad voor de beoordeling of het gebruik van de wettelijke mogelijkheden tot het sluiten van opvolgende arbeidsovereenkomsten voor bepaalde tijd in een concreet geval moet worden aangemerkt als misbruik en hoe verhouden deze gezichtspunten zich tot later ingevoerde wetgeving alsmede de opvattingen van de regering over het gebruik van opvolgende arbeidsovereenkomsten voor bepaalde tijd?
Kroniek ontslaggronden: c-, d-, f-, h- en i-grond
Authors: Kruit Pascal , Kersten Ilse 
Published: November 2020

Kroniek ontslaggronden: c-, d-, f-, h-, en i-grond
In deze kroniek wordt een analyse gegeven van de gepubliceerde rechtspraak over de ontslaggronden c, d, f, h en i in de eerste vijf jaar na de inwerkingtreding van de Wet werk en zekerheid
Impact of Organic Farming on Sustainable Agriculture System and Marketing Potential: A Review
Authors: Patle G. T. , Kharpude S. N. , Dabral P. P. , Kumar Vishal 
Published: November 2020

Organic farming helps to improve the health of agro-ecosystem by its holistic approach using on-farm agronomic, biological and mechanical methods in exclusion of all synthetic off-farm inputs. Although the organic farming is eco-friendly, question arises about possibility to adopt the organic farming for the large scale and its impacts on maintaining the productivity of land to meet the food security challenges from the ever-increasing population of the world. But at the same time, consumer’s behaviour and consciousness toward the safe and healthy food enforced the thinking of farmers toward the organic farming which is more lucrative due to high market demand and value of organic produce. This paper mainly addresses about the present status and future scope of organic farming especially in North eastern region of India, State of Sikkim, Indian and Global scenario and to investigate the major external and internal factors that influence the whole organic system including production and marketing of organic commodity.
Natural Regeneration in Urban Fragment of Atlantic Forest, Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: Almeida Débora de Melo , Lima Leandro Dias de , Santos Paulo César da Silva , Pezzoti Jeniffer Michele , Rocha Iara Cristina Araujo , Silva Anderson Francisco da , Ralph Lidiana Nayara , Feliciano Ana Lícia Patriota 
Published: November 2020

Aims: Evaluate the phytosociological structure of natural regeneration, the ecological group and the species dispersion syndrome in an urban fragment of the Atlantic Forest, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Study Design: Systematic sampling.
Place and Duration of Study: Immaculate Catholic College Conceição do Recife (FICR), in the municipality of Recife, PE, in August 2019.
Methodology: In the survey, 10 plots of 5 m x 5 m were sampled, and all living individuals with height ≥ 1 m and circumference at 1.30 m from the soil were sampled < 15 cm. The structure of natural regeneration was analyzed based on phytosociological parameters and distribution of individuals in height classes. Species diversity was estimated using the Shannon diversity and Pielou equability indices.
Results: We sampled 236 individuals, belonging to 26 species. The estimated density and dominance were 9,940 ind.ha-1 and 5.27 m2.ha-1, respectively. The families with the highest species richness were Fabaceae, Myrtaceae and Bignoniaceae. The species that stood out when considering density, frequency, dominance, importance value and natural regeneration were Protium heptaphyllum, Eschweilera ovata, Casearia javitensis, Brosimum guianense, Handroanthus sp.1, Xylopia frutescens, Thyrsodium spruceanum and Myrciaria ferruginea, being considered well adapted, showing efficiency in the development and establishment of new individuals. The Elaeis guineensis it was also among those that stood out the most, and it was necessary to monitor and control, because it is an invasive alien species. The indices of Shannon diversity and Pielou equability were 2.56 nats.ind.-1 and 0.76, respectively. In the area, the initial secondary species with zoochoric dispersal syndrome predominated. The distribution of the number of individuals for height classes occurred in the following order: C3 > C1 > C2.
Conclusion: The area is in the intermediate stage of ecological succession, with moderate species richness. It is necessary to monitor the area, aiming at the control of the species Elaeis guineensis and native species with low natural regeneration.
A Study on Employer Branding in Seed Sector in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Anjali A. , Sivakumar S. D. , Hemalatha S. , Selvaraju P. 
Published: November 2020

As an agricultural country, seed sector is one among the important segments in India. In this competitive world, hiring and retaining talent is tough. Attracting the key talent to the right position can be pretty much impossible without solid employer brand. At present, turnover intention of employees is the universal problem that haunts the organization. The present study investigated the relationship between dimensions of employer branding (social value, interest value, application value, economic value and development value) and turnover intention of employees working in Tamil Nadu seed companies.
According to the survey conducted by Indian Seed Market for the year 2019, five seed companies were selected based on the respondent’s willingness to participate in the study. The participants were contacted through online. Google forms were sent to 390 respondents via mail and 150 usable responses were collected. Survey was conducted from March 2020 to June 2020. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was done to assess the relationship between employer branding and turnover intention.
The results showed that employer branding dimensions such as social value, interest value, development value was significantly negative to turnover intention, whereas application value and economic value showed non-significant relation. Hence, the study revealed that increase in employer branding resulted in lower turnover intention. Lower turnover rate further lead to reduction in hiring and training cost for new employees and thereby would increase organization’s profitability.
Evaluation of Antifungal and Antioxidant Effects of Qutran (Wood Tar) from Olea europaea Subsp. Cuspidate
Authors: Gumgumjee Nehad M. 
Published: November 2020

Qutran oil (Olea europaea) extracted as medicinal plants extracted has a great activity against four fungistrains. Aspergillus (flavus, fumigatus, niger) and Candida albicans throughout using agar well diffusion in our investgation. Results showed that, tar oilhas antifungal effects against studied strains. Inhibition growth rate was from 16.33 to 46.00 mm. and also has positive activities against investagated organisms more than traditional antibiotics either amphoteracin B or Nystatin. A. fumigatus was mainly susceptible fungi followed by A. niger while A. flavus has the most resistant fungi with inhibition zone (16.33 mm). Wood tar oil, Olea europaea, given a high DPPH radical scavenging activity 79.10% compared to ascorbic acid.
Comparison of Local Ice Packs with Local Anaesthetics for Decreasing the Pain of Injection during a Dental Procedure
Authors: Hafeez Nauma , Prabu Dinesh 
Published: November 2020

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of different possible and non-pharmacological techniques in eliminating the discomfort of local anaesthesia injection during dental procedures.
Introduction: Dental anxiety and fear of needles are one of the most common problems seen by dental practitioners; several methods are currently used to lower the discomfort of local anaesthesia injection during dental procedures. The desensitization of injection sites is one of the recommended strategies. Among chemical anaesthetic topical agents that are effective but might have allergic side effects, using some non-pharmacological and safe techniques might be useful.
Materials and Methods: Randomly chosen patients receiving LA underwent pre-injection intervention that included heat, cold and pressure. This was compared with a control of no pre-injection intervention. Pain score in ice and LA spray pre-injection intervention. It clearly shows that the pain levels in the LA spray technique are higher than those in the Ice technique.
Results: Comparing the pain score of ice as a pre-injection intervention between males and females it was found that males have lower pain scores than females.
Conclusion: This study shows a significant advantage of the non-pharmacological method over the pharmacological method. Hence further research could help standardize ice application pre-injection for a more nontoxic and natural method of reducing pain during an LA injection. It can also prove beneficial when LA does not work due to an acidic environment.
Reformulating Special Relativity on a Two-World Background
Authors: Joseph O. Akindele Adekugbe 
Published: November 2020

A new spacetime is isolated and added to the existing spacetime, yielding a pair of co-existing spacetimes, which are four-dimensional inversions of each other. The separation of the spacetimes by the special-relativistic event horizon, compels an interpretation of a pair of symmetrical worlds (or universes) in nature. Furthermore, a two-dimensional intrinsic spacetime that underlies the four-dimensional spacetime in each universe is introduced. The four-dimensional spacetime is the outward manifestation of the two-dimensional intrinsic spacetime, just as the special theory of relativity (SR) on flat four-dimensional spacetime is the outward manifestation of the intrinsic special theory of relativity (∅SR) on flat two-dimensional intrinsic spacetime in each universe. A new set of spacetime/intrinsic spacetime diagrams in the two-world picture is developed, from which intrinsic Lorentz transformation in ∅SR and Lorentz transformation in SR are derived and intrinsic Lorentz invariance and Lorentz invariance are validated in each universe. The SR remains unchanged, but the exposition of its two-world background, the isolated parallel new theory ∅SR and other isolated new features in this article, allow a broader view of SR. This article includes a new addition to the conceptions of many worlds (or universes) in physics and it is effectively a review (in the two-world picture) of the existing geometrical representations of the Lorentz transformation (in a one-world picture).
Genome‐scale CRISPR screening identifies cell cycle and protein ubiquitination processes as druggable targets for erlotinib‐resistant lung cancer
Authors: Lee Jieun , Choi Ahyoung , Cho Sung‐Yup , Jun Yukyung , Na Deukchae , Lee Ahra , Jang Giyong , Kwon Jee Young , Kim Jaesang , Lee Sanghyuk , Lee Charles 
Published: November 2020

Erlotinib is highly effective in lung cancer patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. However, despite initial favorable responses, most patients rapidly develop resistance to erlotinib soon after the initial treatment. This study aims to identify new genes and pathways associated with erlotinib resistance mechanisms in order to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we induced knockout (KO) mutations in erlotinib‐resistant human lung cancer cells (NCI‐H820) using a genome‐scale CRISPR‐Cas9 sgRNA library to screen for genes involved in erlotinib susceptibility. The spectrum of sgRNAs incorporated among erlotinib‐treated cells was substantially different to that of the untreated cells. Gene set analyses showed a significant depletion of ‘cell cycle process’ and ‘protein ubiquitination pathway’ genes among erlotinib‐treated cells. Chemical inhibitors targeting genes in these two pathways, such as nutlin‐3 and carfilzomib, increased cancer cell death when combined with erlotinib in both in vitro cell line and in vivo patient‐derived xenograft experiments. Therefore, we propose that targeting cell cycle processes or protein ubiquitination pathways are promising treatment strategies for overcoming resistance to EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer.
Extracellular vesicles and oncogenic signaling
Authors: Schubert Antonia , Boutros Michael 
Published: November 2020

In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerged as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for cancer therapy. While the field of EV research is rapidly developing and their application as vehicles for therapeutic cargo is being tested, little is still known about the exact mechanisms of signaling specificity and cargo transfer by EVs, especially in vivo. Several signaling cascades have been found to use EVs for signaling in the tumor–stroma interaction. These include potentially oncogenic, verbatim transforming, signaling cascades such as Wnt and TGF‐β signaling, and other signaling cascades that have been tightly associated with tumor progression and metastasis, such as PD‐L1 and VEGF signaling. Multiple mechanisms of how these signaling cascades and EVs interplay to mediate these complex processes have been described, such as direct signal activation through pathway components on or in EVs or indirectly by influencing vesicle biogenesis, cargo sorting, or uptake dynamics. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of EVs, their biogenesis, and our understanding of EV interactions with recipient cells with a focus on selected oncogenic and cancer‐associated signaling pathways. After an in‐depth look at how EVs mediate and influence signaling, we discuss potentially translatable EV functions and existing knowledge gaps.
Unraveling the Nature of Excellent Potassium Storage in Small‐Molecule Se@Peapod‐Like N‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers
Authors: Xu Rui , Yao Yu , Wang Haiyun , Yuan Yifei , Wang Jiawei , Yang Hai , Jiang Yu , Shi Pengcheng , Wu Xiaojun , Peng Zhangquan , Wu Zhong‐Shuai , Lu Jun , Yu Yan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe potassium–selenium (K–Se) battery is considered as an alternative solution for stationary energy storage because of abundant resource of K. However, the detailed mechanism of the energy storage process is yet to be unraveled. Herein, the findings in probing the working mechanism of the K‐ion storage in Se cathode are reported using both experimental and computational approaches. A flexible K–Se battery is prepared by employing the small‐molecule Se embedded in freestanding N ‐doped porous carbon nanofibers thin film (Se@NPCFs) as cathode. The reaction mechanisms are elucidated by identifying the existence of short‐chain molecular Se encapsulated inside the microporous host, which transforms to K2Se by a two‐step conversion reaction via an “all‐solid‐state” electrochemical process in the carbonate electrolyte system. Through the whole reaction, the generation of polyselenides (K2Sen, 3 ≤ n ≤ 8) is effectively suppressed by electrochemical reaction dominated by Se2 molecules, thus significantly enhancing the utilization of Se and effecting the voltage platform of the K–Se battery. This work offers a practical pathway to optimize the K–Se battery performance through structure engineering and manipulation of selenium chemistry for the formation of selective species and reveal its internal reaction mechanism in the carbonate electrolyte.
Synthesis of waterborne polyurethane ink binder with high T‐peel strength and its application in biaxially oriented polypropylene film printing
Authors: Zhang Mingguang , Lian Xiuye , Cui Jialiang , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Haiqiao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to improve adhesion properties of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) inks on biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films, herein, a liquid polyester polyol BY3003 with long‐branched aliphatic chains was used to prepare WPU latexes suitable for BOPP films printing. The application of BY3003 made the surface tension of the prepared latexes not more than 43 mN/m, while that of traditional WPU latex exceeded 55 mN/m. Accordingly, the T‐peel strength of the inks made from these latexes was all above 0.8 N/15 mm. In addition, post chain extension degree, dimethylol butyric acid content, and NCO/OH molar ratio also had significantly effect on latex and film properties of WPU, especially on the T‐peel strength of the corresponding inks. By optimizing these factors, a WPU latex with surface tension as low as 39.6 mN/m and adhesion fastness over 95% on BOPP film were obtained, and the T‐peel strength of its corresponding ink was up to 2.05 N/15 mm, which is the highest value recorded in the literature as far as we know.