bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of timing and spectral characteristics of 4U 1901+03 during its 2019 outburst using the Swift and NuSTAR observatories
Authors: Beri Aru , Girdhar Tinku , Iyer Nirmal K , Maitra Chandreyee 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the results from a detailed timing and spectral study of a transient X-ray pulsar, 4U 1901+03 during its 2019 outburst. We performed broadband spectroscopy in the 1–70 $\rm keV$ energy band using four observations made with Swift and NuSTAR at different intensity levels. Our timing results reveal the presence of highly variable pulse profiles dependent on both luminosity and energy. Our spectroscopy results showed the presence of a cyclotron resonance scattering feature (CRSF) at ∼ 30 keV. This feature at 30 keV is highly luminosity and pulse phase dependent. Phase-averaged spectra during the last two observations, made close to the declining phase of the outburst, showed the presence of this feature at around $30~\rm {keV}$. The existence of CRSF at 30 keV during these observations is well supported by an abrupt change in the shape of pulse profiles found close to this energy. We also found that 30 keV feature was significantly detected in the pulse phase-resolved spectra of observations made at relatively high luminosities. Moreover, all spectral fit parameters showed a strong pulse phase dependence. In line with the previous findings, an absorption feature at around $10~\rm {keV}$ is significantly observed in the phase-averaged X-ray spectra of all observations and also showed a strong pulse phase dependence.
A targeted search for repeating fast radio bursts associated with gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Palliyaguru Nipuni T , Agarwal Devansh , Golpayegani Golnoosh , Lynch Ryan , Lorimer Duncan R , Nguyen Benjamin , Corsi Alessandra , Burke-Spolaor Sarah 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs) still remains a mystery, even with the increased number of discoveries in the last 3 yr. Growing evidence suggests that some FRBs may originate from magnetars. Large, single-dish telescopes such as Arecibo Observatory (AO) and Green Bank Telescope (GBT) have the sensitivity to detect FRB 121102-like bursts at gigaparsec distances. Here, we present searches using AO and GBT that aimed to find potential radio bursts at 11 sites of past gamma-ray bursts that show evidence for the birth of a magnetar. We also performed a search towards GW170817, which has a merger remnant whose nature remains uncertain. We place $10\sigma$ fluence upper limits of ≈0.036 Jy ms at 1.4 GHz and ≈0.063 Jy ms at 4.5 GHz for the AO data and fluence upper limits of ≈0.085 Jy ms at 1.4 GHz and ≈0.098 Jy ms at 1.9 GHz for the GBT data, for a maximum pulse width of ≈42 ms. The AO observations had sufficient sensitivity to detect any FRB of similar luminosity to the one recently detected from the Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154. Assuming a Schechter function for the luminosity function of FRBs, we find that our non-detections favour a steep power-law index (α ≲ −1.1) and a large cut-off luminosity (L0 ≳ 1041 erg s−1).
The mass assembly of high-redshift black holes
Authors: Piana Olmo , Dayal Pratika , Volonteri Marta , Choudhury Tirthankar Roy 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We use the Delphi semi-analytic model to study the mass assembly and properties of high-redshift (z &gt; 4) black holes over a wide mass range, $10^3 \lt M_{\rm bh}/{\rm \rm M_\odot }\lt 10^{10}$. Our black hole growth implementation includes a critical halo mass ($M_{\mathrm{ h}}^{\mathrm{ crit}}$) below which the black hole is starved and above which it is allowed to grow either at the Eddington limit or proportionally to the gas content of the galaxy. As a consequence, after an initial growth phase dominated by black hole mergers down to z ∼ 7 (9), supermassive black holes in z = 4 halo masses of $M_\mathrm{ h}|_{z=4} \sim 10^{11.75} \, (10^{13.4}) \, {\rm \rm M_\odot }$ mainly grow by gas accretion from the interstellar medium. In particular, we find that (i) while most of the accretion occurs in the major branch for $M_\mathrm{ h}|_{z=4} \sim 10^{11\!-\!12} \, {\rm \rm M_\odot }$ haloes, accretion in secondary branches plays a significant role in assembling the black hole mass in higher mass haloes ($M_\mathrm{ h}|_{z=4} \gtrsim 10^{12} \, {\rm \rm M_\odot }$); (ii) while the Eddington ratio increases with decreasing redshift for low-mass ($M_{\mathrm{ bh}} \lt 10^5 \, {\rm \rm M_\odot }$) black holes, it shows the opposite trend for larger masses. In addition, since the accretion rate depends on the gas mass present in the host halo, the duty cycle of the Eddington-limited accretion phase – which can last up to ≈650 Myr – is crucially linked to the joint assembly history of the black hole and its host halo.
X-ray evolution of the nova V959 Mon suggests a delayed ejection and a non-radiative shock
Authors: Nelson Thomas , Mukai Koji , Chomiuk Laura , Sokoloski Jennifer L , Linford Justin D , Finzell Thomas , Mioduszewski Amy J , Rupen Michael P , Weston Jennifer , Lopes de Oliveira Raimundo 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
X-ray observations of shocked gas in novae can provide a useful probe of the dynamics of the ejecta. Here we report on X-ray observations of the nova V959 Mon, which was also detected in GeV gamma-rays with the Fermi satellite. We find that the X-ray spectra are consistent with a two-temperature plasma model with non-solar abundances. We interpret the X-rays as due to shock interaction between the slow equatorial torus and the fast polar outflow that were inferred from radio observations of V959 Mon. We further propose that the hotter component, responsible for most of the flux, is from the reverse shock driven into the fast outflow. We find a systematic drop in the column density of the absorber between days 60 and 140, consistent with the expectations for such a picture. We present intriguing evidence for a delay of around 40 d in the expulsion of the ejecta from the central binary. Moreover, we infer a relatively small (a few times 10−6 M⊙) ejecta mass ahead of the shock, considerably lower than the mass of 104 K gas inferred from radio observations. Finally, we infer that the dominant X-ray shock was likely not radiative at the time of our observations, and that the shock power was considerably higher than the observed X-ray luminosity. It is unclear why high X-ray luminosity, closer to the inferred shock power, is never seen in novae at early times, when the shock is expected to have high enough density to be radiative.
Translation elongation rate varies among organs and decreases with age
Authors: Gerashchenko Maxim V , Peterfi Zalan , Yim Sun Hee , Gladyshev Vadim N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
There has been a surge of interest towards targeting protein synthesis to treat diseases and extend lifespan. Despite the progress, few options are available to assess translation in live animals, as their complexity limits the repertoire of experimental tools to monitor and manipulate processes within organs and individual cells. It this study, we developed a labeling-free method for measuring organ- and cell-type-specific translation elongation rates in vivo. It is based on time-resolved delivery of translation initiation and elongation inhibitors in live animals followed by ribosome profiling. It also reports translation initiation sites in an organ-specific manner. Using this method, we found that the elongation rates differ more than 50% among mouse organs and determined them to be 6.8, 5.0 and 4.3 amino acids per second for liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle, respectively. We further found that the elongation rate is reduced by 20% between young adulthood and mid-life. Thus, translation, a major metabolic process in cells, is tightly regulated at the level of elongation of nascent polypeptide chains.
Multimorbidity among persons aged 25–64 years: a population-based study of social determinants and all-cause mortality
Authors: Ferry F R , Rosato M G , Curran E J , O’Reilly D , Leavey G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite increasing multimorbidity across the lifespan, little is known about the co-occurrence of conditions and risk factors among younger adults. This population-based study examines multimorbidity, social determinants and associated mortality among younger and middle-age adults.

Method
Analysis was based on the Northern Ireland population aged 25–64 years enumerated in the 2011 Census (n = 878 345), with all-cause mortality follow-up to 2014 (8659 deaths). Logistic regression was used to examine social determinants and Cox proportional hazards models in the analysis of associated mortality.

Results
Prevalence of multimorbidity was 13.7% in females and 12.7% in males. There was a strong association between multimorbidity that included mental/cognitive illness and deprivation. Among those never married, multimorbid physical conditions were less likely [relative risk ratios (RRR) = 0.92: 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.88, 0.95 for males; and RRR = 0.90: 0.87, 0.94 for females]. Rurality was associated with lower physical multimorbidity (RRR = 0.92: 0.89, 0.95) but higher mental/cognitive multimorbidity (RRR = 1.35: 1.12, 1.64) among females. All multimorbid categories were associated with elevated risk of mortality.

Conclusion
The health and economic challenges created by multimorbidity should be addressed further ‘upstream’. Future multimorbidity research should include younger adults to inform the development of preventative interventions and align health and social care services more closely with patients’ needs.
Intravenous immunoglobulin for corticosteroid-resistant intestinal Henoch-Schönlein purpura: worth a controlled trial against corticosteroids?
Authors: Morotti Francesco , Bracciolini Giulia , Caorsi Roberta , Cattaneo Lorella , Gattorno Marco , Ravelli Angelo , Felici Enrico 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HScP) may present in children with severe, occasionally refractory, gastrointestinal (GI) involvement. The use of corticosteroids (CSs) is commonplace in the management of the disease, but to date no standardized protocol is available and, although rare, resistance to CS therapy may be challenging to clinicians. IVIG has been proposed as an effective alternative to CSs, but to date no controlled trial has been conducted to ascertain their real efficacy. We share our personal experience of successful IVIG treatment in two cases of GI HScP, comparing it with similar experiences reported in literature.

Methods
Retrospective clinical data collection, comparison with available literature.

Results
We describe two children with severe HScP GI vasculitis refractory to high-dose intravenous CSs that responded rapidly to IVIG administration, with complete recovery within a few days. Patient characteristics and response to IVIG administration were comparable to those of other previously reported cases.

Conclusion
Our observation confirms that IVIG may be useful in the treatment of CS-resistant HScP-related GI vasculitis in children, and highlights the need for more structured research, including a randomized trial against CSs, in order to ascertain their real effectiveness.
Phylogeny, species delimitation and population structure of the steppe-inhabiting land snail genusHelicopsisin Eastern Europe
Authors: Balashov Igor A , Neiber Marco T , Hausdorf Bernhard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe here study the steppe-inhabiting land snail genus Helicopsis (Gastropoda: Geomitridae: Helicellinae) across Eastern Europe using mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences and nuclear AFLP markers and compare the biogeographical patterns with those of other steppe-inhabiting organisms. The subdivision of Central and Eastern European Helicopsis reflects the geographical subdivision of the European steppe belt in Pontic, Pannonian and Northern steppes. The subdivision within Helicopsis is deeper, at the species level, than in most other steppe-inhabiting groups. Helicopsis populations from the Pontic steppes can be classified into two sister-species. Helicopsis lunulata includes mainly populations with depressed conical shells previously identified as H. striata, but also populations with disc-like shells previously identified as H. instabilis, and it is distributed mainly west of the Dnieper River. Most Helicopsis populations from east of the Dnieper, especially from Crimea, belong to the variable H. filimargo that includes H. gasprensis, H. retowskii, H. arenosa, H. luganica, H. martynovi and H. subfilimargo. The species inhabiting the Pannonian Basin and the Northern steppes form a well-supported monophylum, including H. hungarica in the Pannonian Basin, H. austriaca at the fringe of the Eastern Alps and H. striata mainly in the Northern steppes.
Nurse-Led Positive Psychology Intervention Is Feasible in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Taylor Erin , Sparks Denise , Rukavina Madeline , Biddle Martha , Wells Gretchen L. 
Published: October 2020

Background
Negative psychological states have been linked with poor cardiovascular outcomes, including heart failure (HF). Positive psychological states have been associated with superior outcomes, with little focus on interventions designed to increase positive psychological states in patients with HF.

Objective
The aim of this study was to test the acceptability and feasibility of a nurse-led positive psychology intervention.

Methods
A convenience sample of patients with HF was enrolled at a single academic medical center. The participants were coached in the Best Possible Self intervention by a trained nurse. Participants were then contacted by telephone to determine continued practice and satisfaction with the intervention.

Results
Eighty-seven patients were approached to enroll 60 patients with a yield rate of 69%. The intervention was feasible and acceptable as 80% continued the intervention until study completion.

Conclusion
Patients with HF are willing to participate and accept a nurse-led positive psychology intervention.
The Developmental Eye Movement Test in French Children
Authors: Moiroud Lionel , Royo Anaïs , Bucci Maria Pia 
Published: October 2020

SIGNIFICANCE
This study reported that the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test for French children is similar to the American ones and that all parameters of the DEM test improve up to the age of 10 years.

PURPOSE
The DEM test has been normalized for several different populations of children, but there are no published norms for French children. This study aimed to determine values of the DEM test for French-speaking children.

METHODS
A total of 327 children from 6 to 12 years of age participated in the study. The DEM test was administered as outlined in the manual.

RESULTS
Significant differences were found between the ages, and DEM test scores improved with age until about 10 years. Developmental Eye Movement test scores were similar to those reported in American children.

CONCLUSIONS
Cortical and central structures responsible for oculomotor and attentional capabilities are developing until about 10 years of age, and that could explain the improvement of the DEM test score up to this age. Furthermore, values of the DEM test in French children are similar to the American ones that are currently used as norms by French clinicians.
Eye Care Provider Availability for the Medicare Population in U.S. States That Have Expanded Optometrist Scope of Practice
Authors: Gibson Diane M. 
Published: October 2020

SIGNIFICANCE
Estimating a broader set of measures of local eye care provider availability than used in prior research offers information that is useful for policy decisions related to access to eye care.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine whether policy-relevant information was gained when measures of local eye care provider availability in addition to the estimated travel time (ETT) to the closest provider were estimated for the population 65 years or older in Kentucky, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. These states have expanded surgical scope of practice for optometrists.

METHODS
This study used block group–level population data from the 2010 U.S. Decennial Census and eye care provider office address information from the 2016 Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data. Geographic information system analysis was used to calculate ETTs between individuals and eye care providers. Expanded measures of availability included the difference in ETT to an individual's second closest and closest ophthalmologist, the difference in ETT to an individual's closest ophthalmologist and closest optometrist, and whether only one ophthalmologist at the closest office accepted Medicare. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each state and by urbanicity.

RESULTS
Of the population 65 years or older in each state, between 10.8 (Kentucky) and 16.6% (Oklahoma) had a one-way ETT to the second closest ophthalmologist >15 minutes longer than to the closest ophthalmologist, between 21.1 (Kentucky) and 27.6% (Oklahoma) had a one-way ETT to the closest ophthalmologist >15 minutes longer than to the closest optometrist, and between 56.4 (Kentucky) and 70.0% (Oklahoma) had only one ophthalmologist at the closest office who accepted Medicare. Findings differed substantially by urbanicity.

CONCLUSIONS
Using a portfolio of travel time–based measures enhances the understanding of local eye care provider availability.
Dry Eye Disease in University-based Clinics in Canada: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Bitton Etty , Elder Marian , Srinivasan Sruthi , Luensmann Doerte , Jones Lyndon W. 
Published: October 2020

SIGNIFICANCE
Dry eye disease (DED) imposes a substantial burden on patients, which can lead to significant economic consequences for society. We provide insights into the DED patient population and DED diagnostic/management practices in Canada, which to date have been inadequately addressed in the literature.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to describe DED patient demographic/clinical characteristics alongside DED diagnosis/management in university-based optometry clinics in Canada.

METHODS
This was a retrospective chart review of nonconcurrent non-Sjögren patients with DED at two university-based optometry clinics in Montreal and Waterloo. Waterloo charts with a diagnosis of DED and all charts from the Montreal dry eye clinic were considered for inclusion.

RESULTS
Overall, 200 charts were reviewed. Most patients were female (Montreal, 76%; Waterloo, 72%), and the mean age was 57.2 ± 14.9 years at Montreal and 52.6 ± 20.1 years at Waterloo. Patients commonly reported multiple health conditions (e.g., allergies [Montreal, 44%; Waterloo, 36%]), and high use of systemic nonocular medications was observed (Montreal, 76%; Waterloo, 62%). Clinical signs and symptoms of DED were recorded more often in Montreal patients than in Waterloo patients (e.g., dryness symptoms, 100 vs. 72%; tear breakup time, 100 vs. 60%). Warm compresses (Montreal, 63%; Waterloo, 83%) and artificial tears (Montreal, 94%; Waterloo, 96%) were the most frequently recommended nonmedical treatment and ocular lubricant, respectively. Topical steroids were the most frequently prescribed medications (Montreal, 22%; Waterloo, 21%), with typically three to four different interventions recommended per patient at each clinic. No relationship was found between symptoms and clinical signs or recommended interventions.

CONCLUSIONS
This retrospective chart review provided the demographics, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management options for DED patients in Canadian university-based optometry clinics. The more comprehensive assessments conducted at Montreal may be beneficial to better monitor the progression of DED and to determine treatment effects over time.
“Good Catch, Kiddo”—Enhancing Patient Safety in the Pediatric Emergency Department Through Simulation
Authors: Shaikh Ulfat , Natale JoAnne E. , Till Dale A. , Julie Ian M. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives
Adverse events that affect patient safety are a significant concern in pediatrics. Increasing situational awareness, identifying errors and near misses, and reporting them using organizational incident reporting systems enables mitigation of harm.

Methods
We designed and tested a brief, interactive, and easily replicable simulation activity for medical students, and emergency medicine interns and pediatric interns to strengthen their skills and enhance their self-efficacy in identifying and reporting patient safety hazards. Hazards fell into the categories of situational safety, patient identification and privacy, infection prevention, treatment errors, and issues with electronic health records (EHRs).

Results
The simulation training significantly increased the self-efficacy of medical students and interns in identifying and reporting patient safety hazards. Learners were very satisfied with the simulation training, successfully recognized key patient safety hazards, provided feedback to improve the training, and improved their ability to report hazards through organizational incident reporting systems. Patient safety hazards associated with patient misidentification were recognized most frequently, whereas safety hazards associated with EHRs were missed with the greatest frequency.

Conclusions
The simulation training enabled learners to identify hazards and near misses and enhanced their ability to report hazards through organizational incident reporting systems. Learners at all levels of training identified safety hazards at comparable rates, which demonstrates the role that trainees play in critically observing clinical settings with fresh eyes and identifying and reporting patient safety hazards. Interventions to promote patient safety need to prioritize building situational awareness of potential hazards associated with EHR use.
Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Liver Fibrosis and Fibrogenesis Is Not Altered by Inflammation
Authors: dos Santos Ferreira Diego , Arora Gunisha , Gieseck Richard L. , Rotile Nicholas J. , Waghorn Philip A. , Tanabe Kenneth K. , Wynn Thomas A. , Caravan Peter , Fuchs Bryan C. 
Published: October 2020

Rationale and Objectives
Fibrosis is characterized by progressive replacement of normal tissue by extracellular matrix. Diagnosis relies on biopsies as noninvasive methods for detection and quantification of fibrosis are still limited. This work aimed to address the ability of 2 molecular magnetic resonance (MR) probes, EP-3533 and Gd-Hyd, to identify fibrosis and fibrogenesis, respectively, independently of the presence of underlying inflammation in a mouse model of chronic liver disease caused by infection with Schistosoma mansoni.

Methods
Three groups of mice that develop either mild type 2 inflammation and fibrosis (wild type), severe fibrosis with exacerbated type 2 inflammation (Il10−/−Il12b−/−Il13ra2−/−), or minimal fibrosis with marked type 1 inflammation (Il4ra∂/∂) after infection with S. mansoni were imaged using both probes for determination of signal enhancement. Schistosoma mansoni–infected wild-type mice developed chronic liver fibrosis.

Results
The liver MR signal enhancement after either probe administration was significantly higher in S. mansoni–infected wild-type mice compared with naive animals. The S. mansoni–infected Il4ra∂/∂ mice presented with little liver signal enhancement after probe injection despite the presence of substantial inflammation. Schistosoma mansoni–infected Il10−/−Il12b−/−Il13ra2−/− mice presented with marked fibrosis, which correlated to increased signal enhancement after injection of either probe.

Conclusions
Both MR probes, EP-3533 and Gd-Hyd, were specific for fibrosis in this model of chronic liver disease regardless of the presence or severity of the underlying inflammation. These results, in addition to previous findings, show the potential application of both molecular MR probes for detection and quantification of fibrosis from various etiologies.