bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toll‐like receptor‐ligand induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in primary equine keratinocytes
Authors: Cvitas Iva , Galichet Arnaud , Ling Shui Chu , Müller Eliane J. , Marti Eliane 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) plays a key role in the development of allergic inflammation. Little is known about possible triggers of equine TSLP expression.Hypothesis/objectivesTo investigate TSLP expression in equine insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) skin lesions. The capacity of TLR 1‐8 ligands (L) and of atopic cytokine milieu as potential triggers of TSLP and of interleukin (IL)‐6 as a downstream effector molecule of TLR signalling, were examined in primary equine keratinocyte cultures.AnimalsLesional skin from IBH‐affected and healthy skin from control‐horses (n = 9 each group) was sampled.Methods and materialsKeratinocyte cultures were established from six healthy horses and stimulated with TLR 1‐8‐L, and with IL‐4 and tumor necrosis factor‐α, to mimic an atopic inflammation cytokine milieu. TSLP and IL‐6 gene expression was assessed by quantitative real‐time PCR.ResultsExpression of TSLP was significantly greater in IBH lesions compared to healthy skin. TLR 1‐8‐L significantly upregulated TSLP expression in keratinocytes. The strongest upregulation was induced by TLR 1/2‐L and TLR 3‐L. Combination of atopic cytokine milieu and TLR 1/2‐L or TLR 3‐L further increased TSLP expression. TLR‐L 1‐5 stimulation significantly upregulated IL‐6 expression.Conclusions and clinical importanceThe data herein suggest that the upregulation of TSLP expression in lesional skin of IBH‐affected horses might play a role in IBH development. Moreover, TSLP expression is induced by TLR‐L, in particular by TLR 1/2‐L and TLR 3‐L, and is further increased by atopic cytokine milieu, indicating a mechanism for TSLP‐mediated exacerbation of IBH.
When Englishes go digital
Authors: Friedrich Patricia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDigital communications have meant a significant acceleration in rate and a widening in scope of interactions across Englishes (Friedrich & de Figueiredo, 2016). From social media posts to fan‐fiction writing, Englishes have been re‐negotiated, and new norms of interface and collaboration have been forged. Hybrid varieties have emerged, and new norms of politeness and opposition (Barnes, 2015) are constantly developing. For example, fan fiction can work as a channel for rewriting social norms through modification of existing texts (Leavenworth, 2015, p. 40), and each social media outlet has its own norms of accepted practices that give away who is an insider and who is not. Through an unstructured exploratory analysis, this paper discusses a few of the features and loci of these new modes of interaction (as in the delineation of speech community, conversational patterns, linguistic innovation) by visiting some of the media most affected by digital modes (such as social media, fan fiction communities, and texting). I will conclude with directions for further research and suggestions for pedagogical actions that not only prepare learners to deal with this reality but also take advantage of the skills they already intuitively bring into classrooms, virtual and physical.
Postglacial erosion of bedrock surfaces and deglaciation timing: New insights from the Mont Blanc massif (western Alps)
Authors: Lehmann Benjamin , Herman Frédéric , Valla Pierre G. , King Georgina E. , Biswas Rabiul H. , Ivy-Ochs Susan , Steinemann Olivia , Christl Marcus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSince the Last Glacial Maximum, ∼20 k.y. ago, Alpine glaciers have retreated and thinned. This transition exposed bare bedrock surfaces that could then be eroded by a combination of debuttressing or local frost cracking and weathering. Quantification of the respective contributions of these processes is necessary to understand the links between long-term climate and erosion in mountains. Here, we quantified the erosion histories of postglacial exposed bedrock in glacial valleys. Combining optically stimulated luminescence and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) surface exposure dating, we estimated the erosion rate of bedrock surfaces at time scales from 101 to 104 yr. Bedrock surfaces sampled from the flanks of the Mer de Glace (Mont Blanc massif, European Alps) revealed erosion rates that vary from 3.5 ± 1.2 ⋅ 10−3 mm/yr to 4.3 ± 0.6 mm/yr over ∼500 m of elevation, with a negative correlation between erosion rate and elevation. The observed spatial variation in erosion rates, and their high values, reflect morphometric (elevation and surface slope) and climatic (temperature and snow cover) controls. Furthermore, the derived erosion rates can be used to correct the timing of deglaciation based on TCN data, potentially suggesting very rapid ice thinning during the Gschnitz stadial.
Coupled supercontinent–mantle plume events evidenced by oceanic plume record
Authors: Doucet Luc S. , Li Zheng-Xiang , Ernst Richard E. , Kirscher Uwe , El Dien Hamed Gamal , Mitchell Ross N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe most dominant features in the present-day lower mantle are the two antipodal African and Pacific large low-shear-velocity provinces (LLSVPs). How and when these two structures formed, and whether they are fixed and long lived through Earth history or dynamic and linked to the supercontinent cycles, remain first-order geodynamic questions. Hotspots and large igneous provinces (LIPs) are mostly generated above LLSVPs, and it is widely accepted that the African LLSVP existed by at least ca. 200 Ma beneath the supercontinent Pangea. Whereas the continental LIP record has been used to decipher the spatial and temporal variations of plume activity under the continents, plume records of the oceanic realm before ca. 170 Ma are mostly missing due to oceanic subduction. Here, we present the first compilation of an Oceanic Large Igneous Provinces database (O-LIPdb), which represents the preserved oceanic LIP and oceanic island basalt occurrences preserved in ophiolites. Using this database, we are able to reconstruct and compare the record of mantle plume activity in both the continental and oceanic realms for the past 2 b.y., spanning three supercontinent cycles. Time-series analysis reveals hints of similar cyclicity of the plume activity in the continent and oceanic realms, both exhibiting a periodicity of ∼500 m.y. that is comparable to the supercontinent cycle, albeit with a slight phase delay. Our results argue for dynamic LLSVPs where the supercontinent cycle and global subduction geometry control the formation and locations of the plumes.
Deep and extensive meltwater system beneath the former Eurasian Ice Sheet in the Kara Sea
Authors: Montelli Aleksandr , Dowdeswell Julian A. , Pirogova Anastasiya , Terekhina Yana , Tokarev Mikhail , Rybin Nikita , Martyn Anton , Khoshtariya Vladislav 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Eurasian ice sheet extended across the Barents and Kara Seas during the late Quaternary, yet evidence on past ice dynamics and thermal structure across its huge eastern periphery remains largely unknown. Here we use three-dimensional seismic data sets covering ∼4500 km2 of the Kara Sea west of Yamal Peninsula, Siberia (71°–73°N), to identify, for the first time in the Russian Arctic seas, several buried generations of vast subglacial tunnel valley networks. Individual valleys are up to 50 km long and are incised as much as 400 m deep; among the largest tunnel valleys ever reported. This discovery represents the first documentation of an extensively warm-based eastern margin of the Eurasian ice sheet during the Quaternary glaciations. The presence of major subglacial channel networks on the shallow shelf, with no evidence of ice streaming, suggests that significant meltwater discharge and subsequent freshwater forcing of ocean circulation may be long-lived rather than catastrophic, occurring during the latest stages of deglaciation in areas where the ice sheet flows slowly and is grounded largely above sea level. Furthermore, the first account of an extensive hydrological network across large areas of the Kara Sea provides important empirical evidence for active subglacial hydrological processes that should be considered in future numerical modeling of the eastern margin of the Quaternary Eurasian ice sheet.
Geochemical evidence for an orogenic plateau in the southern U.S. and northern Mexican Cordillera during the Laramide orogeny
Authors: Chapman James B. , Greig Roy , Haxel Gordon B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrevious studies of the central United States Cordillera have indicated that a high-elevation orogenic plateau, the Nevadaplano, was present in Late Cretaceous to early Paleogene time. The southern United States Cordillera and northern Mexican Cordillera share a similar geologic history and many of the same tectonic features (e.g., metamorphic core complexes) as the central United States Cordillera, raising the possibility that a similar plateau may have been present at lower latitudes. To test the hypothesis of an elevated plateau, we examined Laramide-age continental-arc geochemistry and employed an empirical relation between whole-rock La/Yb and Moho depth as a proxy for crustal thickness. Calculations of crustal thickness from individual data points range between 45 and 72 km, with an average of 57 ± 12 km (2σ) for the entire data set, which corresponds to 3 ± 1.8 km paleoelevation assuming simple Airy isostasy. These crustal thickness and paleoaltimetry estimates are similar to previous estimates for the Nevadaplano and are interpreted to suggest that an analogous high-elevation plateau may have been present in the southern United States Cordillera. This result raises questions about the mechanisms that thickened the crust, because shortening in the Sevier thrust belt is generally not thought to have extended into the southern United States Cordillera, south of ∼35°N latitude.
Understanding and addressing the challenges of conducting quantitative evaluation at a local level: a worked example of the available approaches
Authors: Hinde Sebastian , Bojke Laura , Richardson Gerry 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesIn the context of tightening fiscal budgets and increased commissioning responsibility, local decision-makers across the UK healthcare sector have found themselves in charge of the implementation and evaluation of a greater range of healthcare interventions and services. However, there is often little experience, guidance or funding available at a local level to ensure robust evaluations are conducted. In this paper, we evaluate the possible scenarios that could occur when seeking to conduct a quantitative evaluation of a new intervention, specifically with regards to the availability of evidence.DesignWe outline the full set of possible data scenarios that could occur if the decision-maker seeks to explore the impact of the launch of a new intervention on some relevant quantifiable outcomes. In each case we consider the implicit assumptions associated with conducting an evaluation, exploring possible situations where such scenarios may occur. We go on to apply the scenarios to a simulated dataset to explore how each scenario can result in different conclusions as to the effectiveness of the new intervention.ResultsWe demonstrate that, across the full set of scenarios, differences in the scale of the estimated effectiveness of a new intervention and even the direction of effect are possible given different data availability and analytical approaches.ConclusionsWhen conducting quantitative evaluations of new interventions, the availability of data on the outcome of interest and the analytical approach can have profound effects on the conclusions of the evaluation. Although it will not always be possible to obtain a complete set of data and conduct extensive analysis, it is vital to understand the implications of the data used and consider the implicit assumptions made through its use.
Protocol for the first large-scale emergency care-based longitudinal cohort study of recovery after sexual assault: the Women’s Health Study
Authors: Short Nicole A , Sullivan Jenyth , Soward April , Bollen Kenneth A , Liberzon Israel , Martin Sandra , Rauch Sheila A M , Bell Kathy , Rossi Catherine , Lechner Megan , Novak Carissa , Witkemper Kristen , Kessler Ronald C , McLean Samuel A 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionWorldwide, an estimated 10%–27% of women are sexually assaulted during their lifetime. Despite the enormity of sexual assault as a public health problem, to our knowledge, no large-scale prospective studies of experiences and recovery over time among women presenting for emergency care after sexual assault have been performed.Methods and analysisWomen ≥18 years of age who present for emergency care within 72 hours of sexual assault to a network of treatment centres across the USA are approached for study participation. Blood DNA and RNA samples and brief questionnaire and medical record data are obtained from women providing initial consent. Full consent is obtained at initial 1 week follow-up to analyse blood sample data and to perform assessments at 1 week, 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year. These assessments include evaluation of survivor life history, current health and recovery and experiences with treatment providers, law enforcement and the legal system.Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill’s Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the IRB of each participating study site. We hope to present the results of this study to the scientific community at conferences and in peer-reviewed journals.
Protocol for a multicentre retrospective observational cohort study in Denmark: association between the intraoperative peripheral perfusion index and postoperative morbidity and mortality in acute non-cardiac surgical patients
Authors: Agerskov Marianne , Thusholdt Anna Nicoline Wolfhagen , Højlund Jakob , Meyhoff Christian Sahlholdt , Sørensen Henrik , Wiberg Sebastian , Secher Niels Henry , Bang Foss Nicolai 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionPerioperative haemodynamic instability is associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Macrocirculatory parameters, such as arterial blood pressure and cardiac output are associated with poor outcome but may be uncoupled from the microcirculation during sepsis and hypovolaemia and may not be optimal resuscitation parameters. The peripheral perfusion index (PPI) is derived from the pulse oximetry signal. Reduced peripheral perfusion is associated with morbidity in critically ill patients and in patients following acute surgery. We hypothesise that a low intraoperative PPI is independently associated with postoperative complications and mortality.Methods and analysisWe plan to conduct a retrospective cohort study in approximately 2300 patients, who underwent acute non-cardiac surgery (1 November 2017 to 31 October 2018) at two Danish University Hospitals. Data will be collected from patient records including patient demographics, comorbidity and intraoperative haemodynamic values with PPI as the primary exposure variable, and postoperative complications and mortality within 30 and 90 days as outcome variables. We primarily assess association between PPI and outcome in multivariate regression models. Second, the predictive value of PPI for outcome, using area under the receiver operating characteristics curve is assessed.Ethics and disseminationData will be reported according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and results published in a peer-reviewed journal. The study is approved by the regional research ethics committee, storage and management of data has been approved by the Regional Data Protection Agency, and access to medical records is approved by the hospital board of directors (ClinicalTrials.gov registration no:NCT03757442).
Patient characteristics and hospitalisation costs of spinal muscular atrophy in Spain: a retrospective multicentre database analysis
Authors: Darbà Josep , Marsà Alicia 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo analyse the characteristics of patients diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy in Spain, and to revise data on disease management and use of resources in both public and private healthcare centres.DesignA retrospective multicentre database analysis.Setting870 admission records registered between 1997 and 2015 with a diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy were extracted from a Spanish claims database that includes hospital inpatient and outpatient admissions from 313 public and 192 private hospitals in Spain.ResultsAdmission files corresponded to 705 patients; 61.99% were males and 38.01% females. Average patient age was 37 years. Disease comorbidities registered during the admission consistently included hypertension, scoliosis and respiratory failures, all associated with the standard disease course. Regarding disease management at the hospital level, patients were mostly admitted through scheduled appointments (58.16%), followed by emergency admissions (41.72%), and into neurology services in 17% of the cases. Mean hospitalisation time was 10.45 days and in-hospital mortality reached 5.29%. The overall direct medical costs of spinal muscular atrophy were €291 525, excluding medication. The average annual cost per admission was €6274, with large variations likely to reflect disease complexity and that increases with length of stay.ConclusionsThe rarity of the disease difficulties the study of demographics and management; yet, an analysis of patient characteristics provides necessary information that can be used by governments to establish more efficient healthcare protocols. This study reflects the impact that individual needs and disease severity can have in disease burden calculations. Forthcoming decision-making policies should take into account medical costs and its variability, as well as pharmaceutical expenses and indirect costs. To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the use of healthcare resources of patients with spinal muscular atrophy in Spain.
Association between dairy intake and fracture in an Australian-based cohort of women: a prospective study
Authors: Aslam Hajara , Holloway-Kew Kara L , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Jacka Felice N , Pasco Julie A 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveGiven the inconsistent evidence on dairy consumption and risk of fracture, we assessed the association between milk/total dairy consumption and major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) in women from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study (GOS).MethodsWomen aged ≥50 years (n=833) were followed from baseline (1993–1997) to date of first fracture, death or 31 December 2017, whichever occurred first. Dairy consumption was assessed by self-report at baseline and the follow-up phases. MOFs (hip, forearm, clinical spine and proximal humerus) were confirmed radiologically. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine associations between milk/total dairy (milk, cheese, yoghurt, ice cream) consumption and MOFs. Cross-sectional associations between milk/total dairy consumption and serum high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), C-terminal telopeptide (CTx) and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) at baseline were investigated using multivariable linear regression.ResultsDuring follow-up (11 507 person-years), 206 women had an MOF. Consuming >500 mL/d of milk was not significantly associated with increased HR for MOF. Non-milk (1.56; 95% CI 0.99 to 2.46) drinkers and consumption of ≥800 g/d total dairy (1.70; 95% CI 0.99 to 2.93) had marginally higher HR for MOF compared with consuming <250 mL/d of milk and 200–399 g/d of total dairy, respectively. Milk consumption was inversely associated with serum hsCRP and CTx, but total dairy consumption was not associated with these serum markers.ConclusionHigher milk consumption did not increase the risk for MOF in older women. However, a trend for increased MOF was detected in zero milk and higher total dairy consuming women.
Quality of life and objective functional impairment in lumbar spinal stenosis: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of moderators
Authors: Ferretti Fabio , Coluccia Anna , Gusinu Roberto , Gualtieri Giacomo , Muzii Vitaliano Francesco , Pozza Andrea 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundLumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common degenerative spine disease associated with a strong impairment in various quality of life areas, particularly the ability to perform work-related activity. Depression is a condition frequently associated. There is no comprehensive review on quality of life and objective functional impairment in LSS. This paper presents the protocol of the first systematic review and meta-analysis summarising evidence about quality of life and functional impairment in patients with LSS compared with healthy controls. Comorbid depressive disorders, age, gender, LSS duration, disability, pain severity and study methodological quality will be investigated as moderators.MethodsThe protocol is reported according to PRISMA-P guidelines. Studies will be included if they were conducted on patients aged 18 years old or older with primary LSS and if they reported data on differences in the levels of quality of life or objective functional impairment between patients with LSS and healthy controls. Independent reviewers will search published/unpublished studies through electronic databases and additional sources, will extract the data and assess the methodological quality. Random-effects meta-analysis will be carried out by calculating effect sizes as Cohen’sdindices. Heterogeneity will be examined by theI2and theQstatistics. Moderators will be investigated through meta-regression.ConclusionsA summary of the evidence on quality of life and functional impairment in LSS may suggest clinical and occupational health medicine strategies aimed to timely detect and prevent these outcomes. Higher percentages of patients with LSS with depression may be expected to be related to poorer quality of life. Depressive comorbidity might impact negatively on quality of life because it is associated with dysfunctional coping, disability and psychophysiological symptoms.Ethics and disseminationThe current review does not require ethics approval. The results will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals.Review registrationCRD42019132209.