bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncommon clustering in dilute Ti–Fe alloys
Authors: Boukhvalov D W , Gornostyrev Yu N , Katsnelson M I 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We present the results of ab initio modeling of structure of dilute Ti–Fe, a typical representative of quenched Ti-based transition-metal alloys. We have demonstrated that beyond the solubility limit this alloy cannot be described in common terms of substitutional and interstitial alloys. Instead, very stable local clusters are formed in both low-temperature hcp and high-temperature bcc phases of alloys, with almost identical local structures. This gives an example of geometrically frustrated state and explains unusual concentration behavior of Mössbauer spectra discovered long ago for this system.
Reconciling edge states with compressible stripes in a ballistic mesoscopic conductor
Authors: Armagnat Pacome , Waintal Xavier 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The well-known Landauer–Buttiker (LB) picture used to explain the quantum Hall effect uses the concept of (chiral) edge states that carry the current. In their seminal 1992 article, Chklovskii, Shklovskii and Glazman (CSG) showed that the LB picture does not account for some very basic properties of the gas, such as its density profile, as it lacks a proper treatment of the electrostatic energy. They showed that, instead, one should consider alternated stripes of compressible and incompressible phases. In this letter, we revisit this issue using a full solution of the quantum-electrostatic problem of a narrow ballistic conductor, beyond the CSG approach. We recover the LB channels at low field and the CSG compressible/incompressible stripes at high field. Our calculations reveal the existence of a third ‘hybrid’ phase at intermediate field. This hybrid phase has well defined LB type edge states, yet possesses a Landau level pinned at the Fermi energy as in the CSG picture. We calculate the magneto-conductance which reveals the interplay between the LB and CSG regimes. Our results have important implications for the propagation of edge magneto-plasmons.
Next generation low temperature polycrystalline materials for above IC electronics. High mobility n- and p-type III–V metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy thin films on amorphous substrates
Authors: Gocalinska Agnieszka , Pescaglini Andrea , Secco Eleonora , Mura Enrica E , Thomas Kevin , Curran Anya , Gity Farzan , Nagle Roger , Schmidt Michael , Michałowski Paweł P , Hurley Paul K , Povey Ian , Pelucchi Emanuele 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report on the growth and electronic properties of polycrystalline III–V semiconductors, which to date have not been discussed in depth in the literature. III–V polycrystalline semiconductor thin films were grown by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy in the temperature range 410 °C–475 °C, which is compatible for integration into the Back-End-Of-Line (BEOL) silicon based integrated circuits. The thickness of the films in this study is in the range of tens to a few hundreds of nanometers, and deposited on amorphous substrates (either smart-phone-grade glass or Si/SiO2) and, also, on oxidised GaAs epi-ready wafers. Extensive AFM, SEM and TEM analyses show interlinked-to-continuous polycrystalline III–V films based on In(Al)As or GaSb. Hall-van der Pauw measurements return results of high mobility and controllable charge density for n- and p-type field effect transistors. In the GaAs/In(Al)As system, electron density ranging from 1 × 1016 to 1 × 1019 cm−3 (n) was achieved, with room temperature mobility values in the range of 100–150 cm2 V−1 s−1 and hole mobility values in the range of 1–10 cm2 V−1 s−1 have been measured in Zn doped samples. Polycrystalline GaSb films demonstrated p-type behaviour (1 × 1017 cm−3) with remarkably high room temperature hole mobility values up to 66 cm2 V−1 s−1 for the films grown on Si/SiO2 substrate (and 300 cm2 V−1 s−1 for the GaAs substrate where an epitaxial process is actually in place). Materials could be stacked into heterostructures, providing a promising platform for complex devices enabling compatible n- and p- hetero-layers for 3D integration formed at temperatures ≤480 °C.
The Progressive Era’s New Optimists
Authors: Zibrak Arielle 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNew scholarship in the literature and print culture of the Progressive Era emphasizes the socially and politically transformative power of aesthetic experience. Through their attention to the physical as well as ideological spaces in which the dual projects of political reform and cultural formation via textual production and consumption were carried out, these scholars offer an account of Progressive-Era aesthetic products ranging from fiction to journalism to comics to productions of Elizabethan drama as democratic sites of social good. While previous criticism of the era’s literature aligned its ideological orientation with the regressive politics of nativism and rising class divisions, these scholars, through both recovery and rereading, take a more optimistic approach that emphasizes the reciprocal nature of the textual engagement undertaken by immigrants and the working class.
The Play’s a Thing: The 47 Workshop and the “Crafting” of Creative Writing
Authors: Kempf Christopher 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article examines the first creative writing “workshop,” so called, in order to assess how present-day institutional practices restructure transhistorical questions of labor, education, and aesthetic and economic production. Drawing on extensive archival research, I document the procedures of and theory behind drama professor George Pierce Baker’s “47 Workshop” at Harvard, operative from 1912 to 1924. Baker’s use of the term, I argue, provides rhetorical cover by which to slot arts courses into a Harvard curriculum increasingly geared toward utilitarian education. At the same time, the term signals Baker’s ties to the American Arts and Crafts movement, a cause opposed to industrialization just as Baker opposed the mass fare of Broadway. Reading Baker’s 1930 pageant Control for its advocacy of preindustrial values, the article concludes by contending that this distinct genealogy for creative writing helps us rethink the discipline today. If Baker understood workshop as an alternative, nonrationalized discourse, present-day craft rhetoric consolidates the authority of elite educational institutions.
Olfactory Influences on Visual Categorization: Behavioral and ERP Evidence
Authors: Hörberg Thomas , Larsson Maria , Ekström Ingrid , Sandöy Camilla , Lundén Peter , Olofsson Jonas K 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVisual stimuli often dominate nonvisual stimuli during multisensory perception. Evidence suggests higher cognitive processes prioritize visual over nonvisual stimuli during divided attention. Visual stimuli should thus be disproportionally distracting when processing incongruent cross-sensory stimulus pairs. We tested this assumption by comparing visual processing with olfaction, a “primitive” sensory channel that detects potentially hazardous chemicals by alerting attention. Behavioral and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were assessed in a bimodal object categorization task with congruent or incongruent odor–picture pairings and a delayed auditory target that indicated whether olfactory or visual cues should be categorized. For congruent pairings, accuracy was higher for visual compared to olfactory decisions. However, for incongruent pairings, reaction times (RTs) were faster for olfactory decisions. Behavioral results suggested that incongruent odors interfered more with visual decisions, thereby providing evidence for an “olfactory dominance” effect. Categorization of incongruent pairings engendered a late “slow wave” ERP effect. Importantly, this effect had a later amplitude peak and longer latency during visual decisions, likely reflecting additional categorization effort for visual stimuli in the presence of incongruent odors. In sum, contrary to what might be inferred from theories of “visual dominance,” incongruent odors may in fact uniquely attract mental processing resources during perceptual incongruence.
Thermal ecology of the federally endangered blunt-nosed leopard lizard (Gambelia sila)
Authors: Ivey Kathleen N , Cornwall Margaret , Crowell Hayley , Ghazian Nargol , Nix Emmeleia , Owen Malory , Zuliani Mario , Lortie Christopher J , Westphal Michael , Taylor Emily 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecognizing how climate change will impact populations can aid in making decisions about approaches for conservation of endangered species. The blunt-nosed leopard lizard (Gambelia sila) is a federally endangered species that, despite protection, remains in extremely arid, hot areas and may be at risk of extirpation due to climate change. We collected data on the field-active body temperatures, preferred body temperatures and upper thermal tolerance of G. sila. We then described available thermal habitat using biophysical models, which allowed us to (i) describe patterns in lizard body temperatures, microhabitat temperatures and lizard microhabitat use; (ii) quantify the lizards’ thermoregulatory accuracy; (iii) calculate the number of hours they are currently thermally restricted in microhabitat use; (iv) project how the number of restricted hours will change in the future as ambient temperatures rise; and (v) assess the importance of giant kangaroo rat burrows and shade-providing shrubs in the current and projected future thermal ecology of G. sila. Lizards maintained fairly consistent daytime body temperatures over the course of the active season, and use of burrows and shrubs increased as the season progressed and ambient temperatures rose. During the hottest part of the year, lizards shuttled among kangaroo rat burrows, shrubs, and open habitat to maintain body temperatures below their upper thermal tolerance, but, occasionally, higher than their preferred body temperature range. Lizards are restricted from staying in the open habitat for 75% of daylight hours and are forced to seek refuge under shrubs or burrows to avoid surpassing their upper thermal threshold. After applying climatic projections of 1 and 2°C increases to 2018 ambient temperatures, G. sila will lose additional hours of activity time that could compound stressors faced by this population, potentially leading to extirpation.
Tannin supplementation modulates the composition and function of ruminal microbiome in lambs infected with gastrointestinal nematodes
Authors: Corrêa Patricia Spoto , Mendes Lucas William , Lemos Leandro Nascimento , Crouzoulon Pierre , Niderkorn Vincent , Hoste Hervé , Costa-Júnior Livio Martins , Tsai Siu Mui , Faciola Antonio P , Abdalla Adibe Luiz , Louvandini Helder 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of tannin supplementation on ruminal microbiota of sixteen lambs infected and non-infected with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Animals were fed with hay, concentrate and supplemented with Acacia mearnsii (A. mearnsii). The animals were divided into four treatments: two control groups without infection, either receiving A. mearnsii (C+) or not (C-), and two infected groups, one with A. mearnsii (I+) and another without A. mearnsii (I-). Ruminal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and metagenome sequencing of ruminal microbiota were used to evaluate the effect of tannin and infection on ruminal microbiome. For SCFA, differences were observed only with A. mearnsii. Total SCFA and acetate molar percentage were decreased in C+ and I+ (P&lt;0.05). Butyrate, valerate and isovalerate were higher in lambs that received A. mearnsii in the diet (P&lt;0.05). The infection changed the microbiome structure and decreased the abundance of butyrate-producing microorganisms. In addition, A. mearnsii supplementation also affected the structure the microbial community, increasing the diversity and abundance of the butyrate-producing and probiotics bacteria, amino acid metabolic pathways, purine, pyrimidine and sphingolipid metabolism. Together, our findings indicate that A. mearnsii supplementation modulates important groups related to nitrogen, amino acid, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, in rumen microbiome, affected by gastrointestinal nematodes infection in lambs.
Novel de Novo Genome of Cynopterus brachyotis Reveals Evolutionarily Abrupt Shifts in Gene Family Composition across Fruit Bats
Authors: Chattopadhyay Balaji , Garg Kritika M , Ray Rajasri , Mendenhall Ian H , Rheindt Frank E 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMajor novel physiological or phenotypic adaptations often require accompanying modifications at the genic level. Conversely, the detection of considerable contractions and/or expansions of gene families can be an indicator of fundamental but unrecognized physiological change. We sequenced a novel fruit bat genome (Cynopterus brachyotis) and adopted a comparative approach to reconstruct the evolution of fruit bats, mapping contractions and expansions of gene families along their evolutionary history. Despite a radical change in life history as compared with other bats (e.g., loss of echolocation, large size, and frugivory), fruit bats have undergone surprisingly limited change in their genic composition, perhaps apart from a potentially novel gene family expansion relating to telomere protection and longevity. In sharp contrast, within fruit bats, the new Cynopterus genome bears the signal of unusual gene loss and gene family contraction, despite its similar morphology and lifestyle to two other major fruit bat lineages. Most missing genes are regulatory, immune-related, and olfactory in nature, illustrating the diversity of genomic strategies employed by bats to contend with responses to viral infection and olfactory requirements. Our results underscore that significant fluctuations in gene family composition are not always associated with obvious examples of novel physiological and phenotypic adaptations but may often relate to less-obvious shifts in immune strategies.
The Strength of Weaker Ties: An Underexplored Resource for Maintaining Emotional Well-Being in Later Life
Authors: Huxhold Oliver , Fiori Katherine L , Webster Noah J , Antonucci Toni C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to examine dynamic links between changes in social ties and changes in emotional well-being.

Method
Trivariate dual-change score models were used to test whether a large number of close ties would be more strongly associated with low levels of depressed affect than a large number of weaker ties, and a large number of weaker ties would be more strongly associated with high levels of positive affect compared to a large number of close ties, across three waves of a large, regionally representative sample of U.S. adults aged 40 and older (N = 802).

Results
We found that a greater number of weaker ties was associated with having more close ties over time, and that the number of weaker ties was more strongly predictive of positive age-related changes in both aspects of well-being (i.e., more positive affect and less depressed affect) than the number of close ties.

Discussion
Contrary to popular theoretical orientations in gerontology, weaker ties may offer older adults a more effective avenue for promoting emotional well-being over time than close ties, and may have the additional benefit of compensating for losses in the number of close ties.
Homeostasis Revisited: Patterns of Stability and Rebalancing in Older Adults’ Social Lives
Authors: Cornwell Benjamin , Goldman Alyssa , Laumann Edward O 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To examine patterns of change in later-life social connectedness: (a) the extent and direction of changes in different aspects of social connectedness, including size, density, and composition of social networks, network turnover, and three types of community involvement and (b) the sequential nature of these changes over time.

Method
We use three waves of nationally representative data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, collected from 2005/2006 to 2015/2016. Respondents were between the ages of 67 and 95 at follow-up. Types of changes in their social connectedness between the two successive 5-year periods are compared to discern over-time change patterns.

Results
Analyses reveal stability or growth in the sizes of most older adults’ social networks, their access to non-kin ties, network expansiveness, as well as several forms of community involvement. Most older adults experienced turnover within their networks, but losses and additions usually offset each other, resulting in generally stable network size and structural features. Moreover, when older adults reported decreases (increases) in a given form of social connectedness during the first half of the study period, these changes were typically followed by countervailing increases (decreases) over the subsequent 5-year period. This general pattern holds for both network and community connectedness.

Discussion
There is an overwhelming tendency toward either maintaining or rebalancing previous structures and levels of both personal network connectedness and community involvement. This results in overall homeostasis. We close by discussing the need for a unifying theoretical framework that can explain these patterns.
Respiration of mesopelagic fish: a comparison of respiratory electron transport system (ETS) measurements and allometrically calculated rates in the Southern Ocean and Benguela Current
Authors: Belcher Anna , Cook Kathryn , Bondyale-Juez Daniel , Stowasser Gabriele , Fielding Sophie , Saunders Ryan A , Mayor Daniel J , Tarling Geraint A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMesopelagic fish are an important component of marine ecosystems, and their contribution to marine biogeochemical cycles is becoming increasingly recognized. However, major uncertainties remain in the rates at which they remineralize organic matter. We present respiration rate estimates of mesopelagic fish from two oceanographically contrasting regions: the Scotia Sea and the Benguela Current. Respiration rates were estimated by measuring the enzyme activities of the electron transport system. Regression analysis of respiration with wet mass highlights regional and inter-specific differences. The mean respiration rates of all mesopelagic fish sampled were 593.6 and 354.9 µl O2 individual−1 h−1 in the Scotia Sea and Benguela Current, respectively. Global allometric models performed poorly in colder regions compared with our observations, underestimating respiratory flux in the Scotia Sea by 67–88%. This may reflect that most data used to fit such models are derived from temperate and subtropical regions. We recommend caution when applying globally derived allometric models to regional data, particularly in cold (&lt;5°C) temperature environments where empirical data are limited. More mesopelagic fish respiration rate measurements are required, particularly in polar regions, to increase the accuracy with which we can assess their importance in marine biogeochemical cycles.
Repurposing the psoriasis drug Oxarol to an ointment adjuvant for the influenza vaccine
Authors: Sato Ryota , Makino-Okamura Chieko , Lin Quingshun , Wang Muying , Shoemaker Jason E , Kurosaki Tomohiro , Fukuyama Hidehiro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Aluminum precipitates have long been used as adjuvants for human vaccines, but there is a clear need for safer and more effective adjuvants. Here we report in a mouse model that the psoriasis drug Oxarol ointment is a highly effective vaccine adjuvant. By applying Oxarol ointment onto skin, humoral responses and germinal center (GC) reactions were augmented, and the treated mice were protected from death caused by influenza virus infection. Keratinocyte-specific vitamin D3 receptor (Vdr) gene expression was required for these responses through induction of the thymic stromal lymphopoietin (Tslp) gene. Experiments involving administration of recombinant TSLP or, conversely, anti-TSLP antibody demonstrated that TSLP plays a key role in the GC reactions. Furthermore, cell-type-specific Tslpr gene deletion or diphtheria toxin-mediated deletion of specific cell types revealed that CD11c+ cells excluding Langerhans cells were responsible for the Oxarol-mediated GC reactions. These results indicate that active vitamin D3 is able to enhance the humoral response via Tslp induction in the skin and serves as a new vaccine adjuvant.
RNA markers for ultra-rapid molecular antimicrobial susceptibility testing in fluoroquinolone-treated Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Yang Xi , Hashemi Marjan M , Andini Nadya , Li Michelle M , Kuang Shuzhen , Carroll Karen C , Wang Tza-Huei , Yang Samuel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Traditional antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is growth dependent and time-consuming. With rising rates of drug-resistant infections, a novel diagnostic method is critically needed that can rapidly reveal a pathogen’s antimicrobial susceptibility to guide appropriate treatment. Recently, RNA sequencing has been identified as a powerful diagnostic tool to explore transcriptional gene expression and improve AST.

Methods
RNA sequencing was used to investigate the potential of RNA markers for rapid molecular AST using Klebsiella pneumoniae and ciprofloxacin as a model. Downstream bioinformatic analysis was applied for optimal marker selection. Further validation on 11 more isolates of K. pneumoniae was performed using quantitative real-time PCR.

Results
From RNA sequencing, we identified RNA signatures that were induced or suppressed following exposure to ciprofloxacin. Significant shifts at the transcript level were observed as early as 10 min after antibiotic exposure. Lastly, we confirmed marker expression profiles with concordant MIC results from traditional culture-based AST and validated across 11 K. pneumoniae isolates. recA, coaA and metN transcripts harbour the most sensitive susceptibility information and were selected as our top markers.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that RNA signature is a promising approach to AST development, resulting in faster clinical diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease. This approach is potentially applicable in other models including other pathogens exposed to different classes of antibiotics.
Simultaneous Determination of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride, Guaifenesin, and Chlorpheniramine Maleate in Cough Syrup by Gradient Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Amer Sawsan M , Abbas Samah S , Shehata Mostafa A , Ali Nahed M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of mixture of phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHENYL), guaifenesin (GUAIF), and chlorpheniramine maleate (CHLO) either in pure form or in the presence of methylparaben and propylparaben in a commercial cough syrup dosage form. Separation was achieved on a C8 column using 0.005 M heptane sulfonic acid sodium salt (pH 3.4 0.1) and acetonitrile as a mobile phase by gradient elution at different flow rates, and detection was done spectrophotometrically at 210 nm. A linear relationship in the range of 30180, 1201800, and 1060 g/mL was obtained for PHENYL, GUAIF, and CHLO, respectively. The results were statistically analyzed and compared with those obtained by applying the British Pharmacopoeia (2002) method and showed that the proposed method is precise, accurate, and can be easily applied for the determination of the drugs under investigation in pure form and in cough syrup formulations.