bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current challenges for shaping the sustainable and mold-free hygienic indoor environment in humid regions
Authors: Wu H. , Wong J.W.C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Indoor mold grows ubiquitously in humid areas and can affect occupants’ health. To prevent indoor mold contamination, one of the key measures suggested by the World Health Organisation and United States Environmental Protection Agency is to maintain an indoor relative humidity (RH) level below 75% or at 30–60%, respectively. However, in tropical and subtropical areas, maintaining these suggested RH levels is equivalent to operating a 24-h air-conditioner (AC) or dehumidifier, which is energy-consuming. As a large part of building expense, the operation time of ACs has been regularly proposed to be cut down because of the requirement of building sustainability. This leads to a trade-off between sustainable building performance and indoor mold hygiene. To balance this trade-off, more sustainable alternatives, such as those that target physical environments (e.g. nutrient and temperature level) or apply new surface coating technologies to inhibit mold growth, have been launched. Despite these initiatives, indoor mold contamination remains an unresolved issue, mainly because these alternative measures only exhibit limited effectiveness or require extra effort. This review aims to summarize the currently adopted mold control measures and discuss their limitations as well as the direction for the future development of sustainable mold control strategies.

Significance and Impact of the Study
People spend most of their time indoors and hence the presence of indoor mold contamination can compromise the occupants’ health. With the wake of climate change which is expected to see an increase in RH and temperature, tropical and subtropical areas are even more prone to mold contamination than they used to be. This study may help facilitate the development of sustainable and effective mold control strategies in the indoor environment.
Validation of non‐invasive transcutaneous measurement for glomerular filtration rate in lean and obese C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Mullins Thomas P. , Tan Wei Sheng , Carter David A. , Gallo Linda A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimThe measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in experimental rodents is pivotal to understanding the progression of kidney disease and benefits of treatment strategies. A non‐invasive clearance device has been developed, which measures transcutaneous decay of injected FITC‐sinistrin in conscious rodents. The technique was validated against the well‐established plasma clearance method in the same mice, but on consecutive days, using only models of uninephrectomy and polycystic kidney disease. We aimed to validate this widely used technique in the same lean or obese mice, at the same time.MethodsFive‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were randomised to a high fat diet (n = 12) or normal diet (n = 11) for 10 weeks. Transcutaneous and plasma clearance of FITC‐sinistrin were measured simultaneously in each mouse.ResultsIn lean mice, there was a positive correlation between transcutaneous and plasma derived GFR (P < .01, R2 = .704), although there was an approximate 40% underestimation by the transcutaneous method (P < .0001). In obese mice, no correlation was observed between transcutaneous and plasma derived GFR, nor elimination half‐life which removes any effect of the conversion factor and injected dose. The limits of agreement in a Bland‐Altman plot were narrower when we used new conversion factors derived from mice in the current study and, in lean mice, a generic conversion factor which assumes 20% extracellular volume.ConclusionThe non‐invasive clearance device may be useful for serial GFR measurements in lean and healthy mice, provided validation studies have been carried out, but its utility in obesity requires further study.
Like Heterochromatin Protein 1b represses fruit ripening via regulating the H3K27me3 levels in ripening‐related genes in tomato
Authors: Liang Qi , Deng Heng , Li Yuxiang , Liu Ziyu , Shu Peng , Fu Rao , Zhang Yaoxin , Pirrello Julien , Zhang Yang , Grierson Don , Bouzayen Mondher , Liu Yongsheng , Liu Mingchun 
Published: March 2020

Summary

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins play vital roles in plant development via epigenetically repressing the transcription of target genes. However, to date, their function in fruit ripening is largely unknown.

Combining reverse genetic approaches, physiological methods, yeast two‐hybrid, co‐immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we show that Like Heterochromatin Protein 1b (SlLHP1b), a tomato Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1)‐like protein with a ripening‐related expression pattern, represses fruit ripening via colocalization with epigenetic mark H3K27me3.

RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated downregulation of SlLHP1b advanced ripening initiation, climacteric ethylene production, and fruit softening, whereas SlLHP1b overexpression delayed these events. Ripening‐related genes were significantly upregulated in SlLHP1b RNAi fruits and downregulated in overexpressing fruits compared with wild‐type. Furthermore, SlLHP1b protein interacts with ripening regulator MSI1, a subunit of the PRC2 complex. Moreover, SlLHP1b also binds the epigenetic histone mark H3K27me3 in vivo and chromatin immunoprecipitation–quantitative PCR results showed binding occurs preferentially to regions of ripening‐associated chromatin marked by histone H3K27me3. Furthermore, the H3K27me3 levels in chromatin of ripening‐related genes is negatively correlated with accumulation of their transcripts in SlLHP1b down or upregulated fruits during ripening.

Our findings reveal a novel regulatory function of SlLHP1b in fruit and provide new insights into the PcG‐mediated epigenetic regulation of climacteric fruit ripening.
Third‐wave cognitive behaviour therapies for weight management: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Lawlor Emma R. , Islam Nazrul , Bates Sarah , Griffin Simon J. , Hill Andrew J. , Hughes Carly A. , Sharp Stephen J. , Ahern Amy L. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis systematic review and network meta‐analysis synthesized evidence on the effects of third‐wave cognitive behaviour therapies (3wCBT) on body weight, and psychological and physical health outcomes in adults with overweight or obesity. Studies that included a 3wCBT for the purposes of weight management and measured weight or body mass index (BMI) pre‐intervention and ≥ 3 months post‐baseline were identified through database searches (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane database [CENTRAL], PsycINFO, AMED, ASSIA, and Web of Science). Thirty‐seven studies were eligible; 21 were randomized controlled trials (RCT) and included in the network meta‐analyses. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB2, and evidence quality was assessed using GRADE. Random‐effects pairwise meta‐analysis found moderate‐ to high‐quality evidence suggesting that 3wCBT had greater weight loss than standard behavioural treatment (SBT) at post‐intervention (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.22, 0.04; N = 19; I2 = 32%), 12 months (SMD: −0.17, 95% CI: −0.36, 0.02; N = 5; I2 = 33%), and 24 months (SMD: −0.21, 95% CI: −0.42, 0.00; N = 2; I2 = 0%). Network meta‐analysis compared the relative effectiveness of different types of 3wCBT that were not tested in head‐to‐head trials up to 18 months. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)‐based interventions had the most consistent evidence of effectiveness. Only ACT had RCT evidence of effectiveness beyond 18 months. Meta‐regression did not identify any specific intervention characteristics (dose, duration, delivery) that were associated with greater weight loss. Evidence supports the use of 3wCBT for weight management, specifically ACT. Larger trials with long‐term follow‐up are needed to identify who these interventions work for, their most effective components, and the most cost‐effective method of delivery.
Prediction models for childhood asthma: A systematic review
Authors: Kothalawala Dilini M. , Kadalayil Latha , Weiss Veronique B. N. , Kyyaly Mohammed Aref , Arshad Syed Hasan , Holloway John W. , Rezwan Faisal I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe inability to objectively diagnose childhood asthma before age five often results in both under‐treatment and over‐treatment of asthma in preschool children. Prediction tools for estimating a child's risk of developing asthma by school‐age could assist physicians in early asthma care for preschool children. This review aimed to systematically identify and critically appraise studies which either developed novel or updated existing prediction models for predicting school‐age asthma.MethodsThree databases (MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science Core Collection) were searched up to July 2019 to identify studies utilizing information from children ≤5 years of age to predict asthma in school‐age children (6‐13 years). Validation studies were evaluated as a secondary objective.ResultsTwenty‐four studies describing the development of 26 predictive models published between 2000 and 2019 were identified. Models were either regression‐based (n = 21) or utilized machine learning approaches (n = 5). Nine studies conducted validations of six regression‐based models. Fifteen (out of 21) models required additional clinical tests. Overall model performance, assessed by area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), ranged between 0.66 and 0.87. Models demonstrated moderate ability to either rule in or rule out asthma development, but not both. Where external validation was performed, models demonstrated modest generalizability (AUC range: 0.62‐0.83).ConclusionExisting prediction models demonstrated moderate predictive performance, often with modest generalizability when independently validated. Limitations of traditional methods have shown to impair predictive accuracy and resolution. Exploration of novel methods such as machine learning approaches may address these limitations for future school‐age asthma prediction.
Root‐specific expression of chickpea cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 6 leads to enhanced root growth, drought tolerance and yield without compromising nodulation
Authors: Khandal Hitaishi , Gupta Santosh Kumar , Dwivedi Vikas , Mandal Drishti , Sharma Nilesh Kumar , Vishwakarma Niraj Kumar , Pal Lalita , Choudhary Megha , Francis Aleena , Malakar Paheli , Singh Nagendra Pratap , Sharma Kapil , Sinharoy Senjuti , Singh Narendra Pratap , Sharma Rameshwar , Chattopadhyay Debasis 
Published: March 2020

SummaryCytokinin group of phytohormones regulate root elongation and branching during post‐embryonic development. Cytokinin‐degrading enzymes cytokinin oxidases/dehydrogenases (CKXs) have been deployed to investigate biological activities of cytokinin and to engineer root growth. We expressed chickpea cytokinin oxidase 6 (CaCKX6) under the control of a chickpea root‐specific promoter of CaWRKY31 in Arabidopsis thaliana and chickpea having determinate and indeterminate growth patterns, respectively, to study the effect of cytokinin depletion on root growth and drought tolerance. Root‐specific expression of CaCKX6 led to a significant increase in lateral root number and root biomass in Arabidopsis and chickpea without any penalty to vegetative and reproductive growth of shoot. Transgenic chickpea lines showed increased CKX activity in root. Soil‐grown advanced chickpea transgenic lines exhibited higher root‐to‐shoot biomass ratio and enhanced long‐term drought tolerance. These chickpea lines were not compromised in root nodulation and nitrogen fixation. The seed yield in some lines was up to 25% higher with no penalty in protein content. Transgenic chickpea seeds possessed higher levels of zinc, iron, potassium and copper. Our results demonstrated the potential of cytokinin level manipulation in increasing lateral root number and root biomass for agronomic trait improvement in an edible legume crop with indeterminate growth habit.
Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Phytophthora infestans in South Korea during 2009–2016 reveals clonal reproduction and absence of EU_13_A2 genotype
Authors: Choi Jang‐Gyu , Hong Su‐Young , Kessel Geert J. T. , Cooke David E. L. , Vossen Jack H. , Cho Ji‐Hong , Im Ju‐Seong , Park Young‐Eun , Cho Kwang‐Soo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn order to better understand the Phytophthora infestans population structure in South Korea, 172 isolates were collected between 2009 and 2016 from four major potato cultivation areas. Fungicide (metalaxyl and dimethomorph) response, mating type, and microsatellite (SSR) genetic fingerprints were analysed to characterize these isolates. Ten isolates collected in Gyeongnam Province, which specializes in protected winter cultivation in polytunnels, were A2 mating type. All other isolates were A1 mating type. Overall, 42% of the isolates were resistant to metalaxyl, and 43% were sensitive. All isolates were sensitive to dimethomorph. From the SSR fingerprints, 45 distinct genotypes were identified, which could be clustered into four clonal lineages: KR_1_A1, KR_2_A2, SIB‐1, and US‐11. KR_1_A1 was the predominant P. infestans genotype in South Korea. KR_2_A2 was only found in Gyeongnam Province; all isolates were A2 mating type and resistant to metalaxyl. SIB‐1 was dominant until 2013 but its frequency has gradually decreased in more recent years. US‐11 was first found in 2014, after which its frequency has increased to become codominant with KR_1_A1. The calculated standardized index of association (IA) suggests that the South Korean P. infestans population is undergoing clonal reproduction. When compared with populations of P. infestans from the Netherlands, it has less genetic diversity and the dominant Netherlands P. infestans genotype, EU_13_A2 (Blue_13), was not found in South Korea. Such monitoring of the pathogen population contributes to a more efficient integrated pest management‐based control strategy for potato late blight control in South Korea.
Defining maternal obesity in studies of birth outcomes: Comparing ICD‐9 codes at delivery and measures on the birth certificate
Authors: Wall‐Wieler Elizabeth , Abrams Barbara , Snowden Jonathan M. , Carmichael Suzan L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundUsing ICD‐9 codes underestimates the prevalence of obesity in adults; however, the validity of these codes in studies of pregnancy‐related outcomes is not known.ObjectivesTo compare classification of maternal obesity based on ICD‐9 codes in hospital discharge records versus data from birth certificates in the same women, examine predictors of agreement, and assess how associations between obesity and two birth outcomes differ by source of weight data.MethodsThis population‐based study included 2 329 145 California births between 2007 and 2012. We compared data on obesity from childbirth hospital discharge records (ICD‐9 codes for obesity) and birth certificates (pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) calculated from weight and height) and identified predictors of agreement between the two sources. Logistic regression models assessed whether the two definitions of obesity resulted in different estimates of the associations of obesity with caesarean birth and large‐for‐gestational age.ResultsOverall, 464 754 women (20.0%) had obesity based on their pre‐pregnancy BMI while only 100 002 (4.3%) had an obesity‐related ICD‐9 code. The sensitivity of ICD‐9‐based obesity was low at 16.2%; however, obesity codes were highly specific at 98.7%, with a negative predictive value of 82.5% and a positive predictive value of 75.2%. Among women with obesity identified by the birth certificate, those with pre‐pregnancy and pregnancy‐related complications (eg diabetes and hypertension) were more likely to have an obesity‐related diagnosis in their delivery hospital discharge record. Using ICD‐9 codes overestimated the association of obesity with caesarean birth and newborn large‐for‐gestational age.ConclusionsICD‐9 codes in childbirth discharge records captured only one in five women with pre‐pregnancy obesity. Sensitivity varied by maternal characteristics and conditions. This misclassification resulted in bias when examining the association of obesity and pregnancy‐related outcomes.
Geological, mineralogical, and oxygen isotope studies of the Chandmani Uul iron oxide–copper–gold deposit in Dornogobi Province, Southeastern Mongolia
Authors: Oyunjargal Luvsannyam , Hayashi Ken‐ichiro , Maruoka Teruyuki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Chandmani Uul deposit is located in Dornogovi province, Southeastern Mongolia. Iron oxide ores are hosted in the andesitic rocks of the Shar Zeeg Formation of Neoproterozoic to Lower‐Cambrian age. Middle‐ to Upper‐Cambrian bodies of granitic rocks have intruded into the host rocks in the western and southern regions of the deposit. The wall rocks around the iron oxide ore bodies were hydrothermally altered to form potassic, epidote, and sericite–chlorite alteration zones, and calcite and quartz veinlets are ubiquitous in the late stage. Since granitic rocks also underwent potassic alteration, the activity of the granitic rocks must have a genetic relation to the ore deposit. The ore mineral assemblage is dominated by iron oxides such as mushketovite, euhedral magnetite with concentric and/or oscillatory zoning textures, and cauliflower magnetite. Lesser amounts of chalcopyrite and pyrite accompany the iron oxides. Among all these products, mushketovite is dominant and is distributed throughout the deposit. Meanwhile, euhedral magnetite appears in limited amounts at relatively shallow levels in the deposit. By contrast, cauliflower magnetite appears locally in the deeper parts of the deposit, and is associated with green‐colored garnet and calcite. Sulfide minerals are ubiquitously associated with these iron oxides. The oxygen isotope (δ18O) values of all types of magnetite, quartz, and epidote were found to be −5.9 to −2.8‰, 10.5 to 14.9‰, and 3.6 to 6.6‰, respectively. The δ18O values of quartz–magnetite pairs suggest an equilibrium isotopic temperature near 300°C. The calculated values of δ18O for the water responsible for magnetite ranged from 2 to 10‰. All the data obtained in this study suggest that the iron oxide deposit at the Chandmani Uul is a typical iron oxide–copper–gold deposit, and that this deposit was formed at an intermediate depth with potassic and sericite–chlorite alteration zones under the oxidized conditions of a hematite‐stable environment. The δ18O range estimated implies that the ore‐forming fluid was supplied by a crystallizing granodioritic magma exsolving fluids at depth with a significant contribution of meteoric water.
Multicenter laparoscopic evaluation of the peritoneum in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Hara Kazuaki , Io Hiroaki , Wakabayashi Keiichi , Maeda Takuya , Kanda Reo , Nakata Junichiro , Maeda Kunimi , Sengoku Hironobu , Machida Michio , Kojima Kuniaki , Sakamoto Kazuhiro , Tomino Yasuhiko , Suzuki Yusuke 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLaparoscopic findings have been used to confirm peritoneal degenerations in peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy. This study evaluated morphological changes in the peritoneum and their clinical relevance in patients undergoing PD. Laparoscopic findings at the rectovesical peritoneum were evaluated and scored using an imaging system at the time of PD catheter removal in this multicenter study. Angiogenesis evaluated by the vascular score (VS), color changes score (CCS), plaque score (PS), PD duration, history of peritonitis, dialysate/plasma creatinine (D/P Cr) levels, and age at PD termination were statistically analyzed. The VS of patients with PD duration more than 96 months was significantly decreased compared with that of the other patients and was negatively correlated with D/P Cr levels at PD termination. The CCS for patients with PD duration more than 96 months were significantly higher than those for the other patients and positively correlated with D/P Cr levels at PD termination. The PS of patients with recurring peritonitis were significantly higher than those of the other patients. Diminished vascularity and increased color changes in the peritoneum may be predictive of D/P Cr levels with peritoneal degradation. Laparoscopic evaluation of the abdominal cavity can provide detailed information about peritoneal injury.
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Mali and Mauritania: Understanding Trends and Evaluating Policies
Authors: Cetorelli Valeria , Wilson Ben , Batyra Ewa , Coast Ernestina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDespite international commitments to end female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), very little is known about the effectiveness of national policies in contributing to the abandonment of this harmful practice. To help address this gap in knowledge, we apply a quasi‐experimental research design to study two west African countries, Mali and Mauritania. These countries have marked similarities with respect to practices of FGM/C, but differing legal contexts. A law banning FGM/C was introduced in Mauritania in 2005; in Mali, there is no legal ban on FGM/C. We use nationally representative survey data to reconstruct trends in FGM/C prevalence in both countries, from 1997 to 2011, and then use a difference‐in‐difference method to evaluate the impact of the 2005 law in Mauritania. FGM/C prevalence in Mauritania began to decline slowly for girls born in the early 2000s, with the decline accelerating for girls born after 2005. However, a similar trend is observable in Mali, where no equivalent law has been passed. Additional statistical analysis confirms that the 2005 law did not have a significant impact on reducing FGM/C prevalence in Mauritania. These findings suggest that legal change alone is insufficient for behavioral change with regard to FGM/C. This study demonstrates how it is possible to evaluate national policies using readily available survey data in resource‐poor settings.