bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Aluminum and Temperature on the Tensile Mechanical Properties of Lithium‐Perchlorate/Polyvinyl Alcohol‐Based Electrically Controlled Solid Propellants
Authors: He Zhicheng , Xia Zhixun , Hu Jianxin , Ma Likun , Li Yang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo study the mechanical properties of lithium‐perchlorate/polyvinyl alcohol‐based aluminized electrically controlled solid propellant (LP/PVA‐Al‐ECSP), the effects of Al particle size, grading, and content on the mechanical properties of the propellant at various temperatures were investigated. The uniaxial tensile experiments were conducted over the temperature range from −40 °C to +50 °C using universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 100 mm min−1. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to observe the fracture surface morphologies of the specimens. The results indicate that Al powder and temperature greatly affects the mechanical properties of the composite propellant. From experiments in which the size and the fine‐to‐coarse ratio of Al were changed at constant solid loading, the tensile strength and initial modulus of the propellant are improved with the increase of Al particle size and coarse‐to‐fine ratio at 25 °C. The increase in Al content improves the tensile strength and initial modulus of the propellant, whereas reduces the elongation. The results of experiments in which the temperature changed indicate that the tensile strength and initial modulus of the propellant are improved at low temperatures, whereas the mechanical properties of the propellants deteriorate at high temperatures. The elongation of the propellants is greatly reduced at low temperatures. The stress−strain curve of ECSP shows three regions at low temperatures and five regions at room temperature and high temperatures. The LP/PVA‐Al‐ECSP has poor tensile strength and initial modulus, whereas its elongation is extremely high at room temperature. The propellant with 5 μm Al to 65 μm Al ratio of 3/7 exhibits the best comprehensive mechanical properties.
EPSPS gene amplification confers resistance to glyphosate resistant populations of Hordeum glaucum Stued (northern barley grass) in South Australia
Authors: Adu‐Yeboah Patricia , Malone Jenna M , Fleet Benjamin , Gill Gurjeet , Preston Christopher 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlyphosate failed to control two populations of Hordeum glaucum (northern barley grass) along a fence line and around stockyards near Arthurton on the Yorke Peninsula, South Australia after more than a decade of regular use of glyphosate. These were investigated to confirm resistance and to determine resistance mechanisms.RESULTSDose–response experiments confirmed resistance of these populations to glyphosate with resistance levels of 2.8–6.6‐fold compared with two susceptible populations. Shikimate assays confirmed resistance to glyphosate with less shikimate accumulation in the resistant populations compared with the susceptible populations. Quantitative PCR of genomic DNA showed increased gene copy number in the resistant populations with 9–11‐fold more copies of EPSPS compared with the susceptible populations, suggesting resistance is likely conferred by gene amplification.CONCLUSIONThis study identified the first examples of glyphosate resistance in the grass species H. glaucum with resistance associated with EPSPS gene amplification. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A novel hybrid coordinates multiple decoupled phase‐locked loop under nonideal grid conditions
Authors: Liu Yunlong , Wang Cong , Li Junjie , Guo Lifeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA novel hybrid coordinates multiple decoupled phase‐locked loop (HCMD‐PLL) is presented to improve the performance of the PLL under nonideal grid conditions. Based on the Clark transform and the first‐order low‐pass filter, the complex coefficient filter is derived to analyze phase‐locked loop. It is different from the phase‐locked loop with a complex coefficient filter. On this basis, the multiple‐complex‐coefficient band‐pass filter of HCMD‐PLL is derived, and the equivalent transfer function of the decoupling of the fundamental positive sequence, negative sequence and harmonic components is obtained, and the magnitude and phase frequency responses are analyzed. The fundamental positive sequence component is extracted without phase shift and amplitude attenuation under the nonideal grid conditions, eliminating the effect of specific‐order harmonics components because the amplitude is attenuated to zero. And the specific‐order harmonic component can also be extracted precisely. The interaction from the various specific components is eliminated. The stability of the system is analyzed by the pole distribution of the closed‐loop system. The stationary αβ coordinate system for PLL is adopted to suppress the change of the grid voltage. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the HCMD‐PLL. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Association of genetic variants related to plasma fatty acids with type 2 diabetes mellitus and glycaemic traits: a Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Larsson Susanna C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis
Epidemiological data on the associations of circulating fatty acid levels with type 2 diabetes are inconsistent. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomisation study to explore the causal associations of plasma levels of ten fatty acids with type 2 diabetes and glycaemic traits.

Methods
Thirteen SNPs associated with circulating levels of ten individual fatty acids at the genome-wide significance level (p < 5 × 10−8) were selected as instrumental variables for the exposures. For the outcomes, summary-level data were obtained from the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) consortium for type 2 diabetes (898,130 individuals) and from the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium (MAGIC) for the glycaemic traits (up to 46,186 non-diabetic individuals). The inverse-variance weighted method was used for analyses.

Results
Genetic predisposition to higher plasma levels of eight of the ten fatty acids were statistically significantly associated with lower or higher odds of type 2 diabetes. The OR per one SD increment of each fatty acid was 0.93 (95% CI 0.90, 0.96; p = 2.21 × 10−5) for α-linolenic acid, 0.96 (95% CI 0.94, 0.98; p = 1.85 × 10−4) for linoleic acid, 0.86 (95% CI 0.81, 0.91; p = 6.68 × 10−7) for palmitoleic acid, 0.87 (95% CI 0.81, 0.93; p = 2.21 × 10−5) for oleic acid, 1.08 (95% CI 1.03, 1.12; p = 0.002) for eicosapentaenoic acid, 1.04 (95% CI 1.02, 1.07; p = 0.001) for docosapentaenoic acid, 1.03 (95% CI 1.02, 1.05; p = 2.51 × 10−5) for arachidonic acid and 1.09 (95% CI 1.03, 1.15; p = 0.003) for stearic acid. The same eight fatty acids were also associated with fasting glucose levels and HOMA-B. The associations, except that for palmitoleic acid, were driven by variants in FADS1/2.

Conclusions/interpretation
Genetic predisposition to higher circulating levels of eight out of ten fatty acids was associated with type 2 diabetes, fasting glucose and islet beta cell function. However, the associations, except that for palmitoleic acid, were driven by variants in FADS1/2, which encode enzymes with a key role in fatty acid metabolism.
Verwendung von Allografts
Authors: Scheffler S. , Pruß A. , Hackl W. , Waibl B. 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Humanes Spendergewebe stellt einen integralen Bestandteil der Versorgung von muskuloskeletalen Erkrankungen des Menschen dar, wie beispielsweise die Rekonstruktion von Bandverletzungen, ausgedehnten osteochondralen Defekten oder ossären Defektaufbauten. Hierbei kommen verschiedene Gewebearten, Knochen, Sehnen, Bänder, Knorpel in zellfreier und vitaler zellbasierter Darreichungsform zur Anwendung. In vielen Ländern der Welt haben sich diese Verfahren als Standardtherapie in der rekonstruktiven arthroskopischen Chirurgie etabliert. In deutschsprachigen europäischen Ländern ist deren Anwendung jedoch limitiert, da hier Rechtsvorschriften existieren, die der Sicherheit des Patienten dienen, den Einsatz dieser Gewebe allerdings teilweise erschweren. Dieser Beitrag soll einen Überblick über die aktuellen Anforderungen und Voraussetzungen in Österreich, Deutschland und der Schweiz geben sowie dem Kliniker eine Anleitung für die aktuellen Möglichkeiten der rechtskonformen Nutzung von humanem Spendergewebe zu therapeutischen Zwecken bieten.
A Topological Approach to Indices of Geometric Operators on Manifolds with Fibered Boundaries
Authors: Yamashita Mayuko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate topological aspects of indices of twisted geometric operators on manifolds equipped with fibered boundaries. We define K-groups relative to the pushforward for boundary fibration, and show that indices of twisted geometric operators, defined by complete $$\Phi $$Φ or edge metrics, can be regarded as the index pairing over these K-groups. We also prove various properties of these indices using groupoid deformation techniques. Using these properties, we give an application to the localization problem of signature operators for singular fiber bundles.
Facing privacy in neuroimaging: removing facial features degrades performance of image analysis methods
Authors:   on behalf of the MAGNIMS Study Group and Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, de Sitter A. , Visser M. , Brouwer I. , Cover K. S. , van Schijndel R. A. , Eijgelaar R. S. , Müller D. M. J. , Ropele S. , Kappos L. , Rovira Á. , Filippi M. , Enzinger C. , Frederiksen J. , Ciccarelli O. , Guttmann C. R. G. , Wattjes M. P. , Witte M. G. , de Witt Hamer P. C. , Barkhof F. , Vrenken H. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Recent studies have created awareness that facial features can be reconstructed from high-resolution MRI. Therefore, data sharing in neuroimaging requires special attention to protect participants’ privacy. Facial features removal (FFR) could alleviate these concerns. We assessed the impact of three FFR methods on subsequent automated image analysis to obtain clinically relevant outcome measurements in three clinical groups.

Methods
FFR was performed using QuickShear, FaceMasking, and Defacing. In 110 subjects of Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, normalized brain volumes (NBV) were measured by SIENAX. In 70 multiple sclerosis patients of the MAGNIMS Study Group, lesion volumes (WMLV) were measured by lesion prediction algorithm in lesion segmentation toolbox. In 84 glioblastoma patients of the PICTURE Study Group, tumor volumes (GBV) were measured by BraTumIA. Failed analyses on FFR-processed images were recorded. Only cases in which all image analyses completed successfully were analyzed. Differences between outcomes obtained from FFR-processed and full images were assessed, by quantifying the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for absolute agreement and by testing for systematic differences using paired t tests.

Results
Automated analysis methods failed in 0–19% of cases in FFR-processed images versus 0–2% of cases in full images. ICC for absolute agreement ranged from 0.312 (GBV after FaceMasking) to 0.998 (WMLV after Defacing). FaceMasking yielded higher NBV (p = 0.003) and WMLV (p ≤ 0.001). GBV was lower after QuickShear and Defacing (both p < 0.001).

Conclusions
All three outcome measures were affected differently by FFR, including failure of analysis methods and both “random” variation and systematic differences. Further study is warranted to ensure high-quality neuroimaging research while protecting participants’ privacy.

Key Points
• Protecting participants’ privacy when sharing MRI data is important.
• Impact of three facial features removal methods on subsequent analysis was assessed in three clinical groups.
• Removing facial features degrades performance of image analysis methods.
Mean-field avalanche size exponent for sandpiles on Galton–Watson trees
Authors: Járai Antal A. , Ruszel Wioletta M. , Saada Ellen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We show that in Abelian sandpiles on infinite Galton–Watson trees, the probability that the total avalanche has more than t topplings decays as $$t^{-1/2}$$t-1/2. We prove both quenched and annealed bounds, under suitable moment conditions. Our proofs are based on an analysis of the conductance martingale of Morris (Probab Theory Relat Fields 125:259–265, 2003), that was previously used by Lyons et al. (Electron J Probab 13(58):1702–1725, 2008) to study uniform spanning forests on $${\mathbb {Z}^d}$$Zd, $$d\ge 3$$d≥3, and other transient graphs.
Turbulent Flow Measurements near the Discharge Port of a Screw Compressor
Authors: Nouri J. M. , Guerrato D. , Stosic N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMean flow and turbulence characteristics have been measured within the male and female rotors close to the discharge port of a double screw compressor at different radial positions, two axial positions from the exit port, Hp, and two radial planes, αp. Cycle-resolved axial and tangential mean flow measurements and their corresponding turbulent velocity fluctuations were made over a time window of 1° using a laser Doppler velocimetry, LDV, system. Measurements were performed through two transparent windows near the inlet of the discharge port inside the male and female working chambers. The results revealed a highly complex 3-D flow within the male and female working chambers, in particular, near the discharge port with two distinct flow zones 1 and 2 before and after the opening of the port, respectively. The flow in zone 1 was controlled by the rotor motion while in zone 2 was greatly influenced by the discharge process. In zone 2, both components of mean velocities were subjected to a sudden increase in velocity forming strong axial and tangential jet flows due to rapid change in pressure across the port as the flow is exposed into the discharge port. It was found that the flow structures have been affected considerably by the position of the discharge port, radial planes and radial positions. Axial and tangential RMS velocity distributions within both rotors were found to be relatively high and less affected by the flow changes of zones 1 and 2 with almost uniform distribution. The measured magnitudes of axial and tangential RMS velocities suggest it would be reasonable to assume the local turbulence to be isotropic for the modelling purposes. To authors’ knowledge, the results are unique, original and in great details not only to describe the flow structure, but also, they can be used in CFD codes to establish a reliable model of the flow and pressure distribution within twin screw machines.
M1 macrophage dependent-p53 regulates the intracellular survival of mycobacteria
Authors: Lim Yun-Ji , Lee Junghwan , Choi Ji-Ae , Cho Soo-Na , Son Sang-Hun , Kwon Sun-Jung , Son Ji-Woong , Song Chang-Hwa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTumor suppressor p53 is not only affects immune responses but also contributes to antibacterial activity. However, its bactericidal function during mycobacterial infection remains unclear. In this study, we found that the p53-deficient macrophages failed to controlMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb), manifested as a lower apoptotic cell death rate and enhanced intracellular survival. The expression levels of p53 during Mtb infection were stronger in M1 macrophages than in M2 macrophages. The TLR2/JNK signaling pathway plays an essential role in the modulation of M1 macrophage polarization upon Mtb infection. It facilitates p53-mediated apoptosis through the production of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines in Mtb-infected M1 macrophages. In addition, nutlin-3 effectively abrogated the intracellular survival of mycobacteria in both TB patients and healthy controls after H37Ra infection for 24 h, indicating that the enhancement of p53 production effectively suppressed the intracellular survival of Mtb in hosts. These results suggest that p53 can be a new therapeutic target for TB therapy.
Sexual Attraction to Both Genders in Ambiphilic Men: Evidence from Implicit Cognitions
Authors: Snowden Robert J. , Fitton Ellen , McKinnon Aimee , Gray Nicola S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ambiphilic (or bisexual) men describe feelings of sexual attraction to both men and women. However, physiological measures of arousal have failed to show a consistent pattern of arousal to both genders. We measured men’s automatic associations between the concept of sex (represented by words) and the concepts of men versus women (represented by images) via the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and a priming task. On the IAT, gynephilic men (N = 32) were faster for women-sex pairings, androphilic men (N = 18) were faster for men-sex pairings, while ambiphilic men (N = 20) showed no bias toward either gender. We then isolated the concepts of “men” and “women” by comparing them separately against neutral images. In contrast to both the gynephilic or androphilic men, ambiphilic men showed sexual associations to both men and women. On the priming task, ambiphilic men showed faster responses to sex words, but slower responses to not-sex words, when primed with pictures of either men or women compared to when primed by neutral images. The results from all the experimental tasks suggest that ambiphilic men have a pattern of sexual association that is different from both gynephilic and androphilic men and represents a sexual attraction to both men and women.
Beyond participation: when citizen engagement leads to undesirable outcomes for nature-based solutions and climate change adaptation
Authors: Wamsler C. , Alkan-Olsson J. , Björn H. , Falck H. , Hanson H. , Oskarsson T. , Simonsson E. , Zelmerlow F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractScholars and practitioners are increasingly promoting so-called nature-based approaches for urban climate change adaptation. There is widespread consensus that they both support and require transdisciplinary approaches, notably by involving citizens in the change process and finding innovative ways to unite different actors’ efforts and capacities. However, there is little empirical evidence regarding the actual value of citizen involvement to sustainability in this field. Against this background, this paper examines whether (or not) current forms and conditions of citizen involvement help to create a platform to support nature-based solutions and ensure a transformative adaptation process. The results show that under current conditions, citizen engagement often hampers sustainable outcomes. In fact, current structures and mechanisms for mainstreaming nature and climate considerations into sectoral planning are limited and, furthermore, neglect citizen involvement. In addition, there is a blind spot with respect to personal spheres of transformation toward sustainability regarding citizens, civil servants, and decision-makers. Key constraints are power structures and the lack of cognitive/emotional and relational capacities required for improved democratic governance. If we are to tap into the potential of nature-based solutions to increase climate adaptation governance, we need targeted financial and human resources, and greater capacity to overcome current constraints and support all levels and phases of mainstreaming, notably planning, implementation, monitoring, and learning.
Assessing the macroeconomic impacts of individual behavioral changes on carbon emissions
Authors: Niamir Leila , Kiesewetter Gregor , Wagner Fabian , Schöpp Wolfgang , Filatova Tatiana , Voinov Alexey , Bressers Hans 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the last decade, instigated by the Paris agreement and United Nations Climate Change Conferences (COP22 and COP23), the efforts to limit temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels are expanding. The required reductions in greenhouse gas emissions imply a massive decarbonization worldwide with much involvement of regions, cities, businesses, and individuals in addition to the commitments at the national levels. Improving end-use efficiency is emphasized in previous IPCC reports (IPCC 2014). Serving as the primary ‘agents of change’ in the transformative process towards green economies, households have a key role in global emission reduction. Individual actions, especially when amplified through social dynamics, shape green energy demand and affect investments in new energy technologies that collectively can curb regional and national emissions. However, most energy-economics models—usually based on equilibrium and optimization assumptions—have a very limited representation of household heterogeneity and treat households as purely rational economic actors. This paper illustrates how computational social science models can complement traditional models by addressing this limitation. We demonstrate the usefulness of behaviorally rich agent-based computational models by simulating various behavioral and climate scenarios for residential electricity demand and compare them with the business as usual (SSP2) scenario. Our results show that residential energy demand is strongly linked to personal and social norms. Empirical evidence from surveys reveals that social norms have an essential role in shaping personal norms. When assessing the cumulative impacts of these behavioral processes, we quantify individual and combined effects of social dynamics and of carbon pricing on individual energy efficiency and on the aggregated regional energy demand and emissions. The intensity of social interactions and learning plays an equally important role for the uptake of green technologies as economic considerations, and therefore in addition to carbon-price policies (top-down approach), implementing policies on education, social and cultural practices can significantly reduce residential carbon emissions.
The Winners and the Losers: Tax Incidence of Gambling in Finland
Authors: Roukka Tomi , Salonen Anne H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGambling markets have grown rapidly for the last few decades. As a result, gambling is also a very important and common source of tax income for many governments these days. This raises a question about the overall fairness of the gambling taxation systems. In this paper, we aim to study the tax incidence of gambling in Finland. First, we analyse who are the expected payers of the gambling taxes and second, who are expected to be the receivers of the gambling-tax based contributions. In the first part of the study, we analyse the demographic incidence of gambling taxation by using the Finnish gambling 2015 population survey combined with registry based variables. Our data contains 3776 individuals. In the second part of the study, we use data of county level gambling-taxation based contributions to different organisations to analyse how the gambling expenditures are distributed back to citizens in a form of public spending. This study shows that different socio-demographic factors have diverse association with the decisions whether or how much to gamble. The results also suggest that more disadvantaged, i.e. lower income, less educated and rural area living, individuals are expected to be the “losers” of the Finnish gambling taxation system. In other words, the Finnish gambling system is found to be regressive by nature.