bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Once‐weekly (70 mg/m2) vs twice‐weekly (56 mg/m2) dosing of carfilzomib in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: A post hoc analysis of the ENDEAVOR, A.R.R.O.W., and CHAMPION‐1 trials
Authors: Moreau Philippe , Stewart Keith A. , Dimopoulos Meletios , Siegel David , Facon Thierry , Berenson James , Raje Noopur , Berdeja Jesus G. , Orlowski Robert Z. , Yang Hui , Ma Haijun , Klippel Zandra , Zahlten‐Kumeli Anita , Mezzi Khalid , Iskander Karim , Mateos Maria‐Victoria 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCombination of carfilzomib with dexamethasone (Kd) is approved for use in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), with carfilzomib administered twice weekly at 56 mg/m2 (Kd56 BIW) or once weekly at 70 mg/m2 (Kd70 QW). Post hoc cross‐trial comparisons were performed to compare efficacy and safety profiles of Kd70 QW vs Kd56 BIW dosing schedules using data from three trials of patients with RRMM: A.R.R.O.W., CHAMPION‐1, and ENDEAVOR. To select for comparable patient populations, side‐by‐side efficacy and safety comparisons were performed in subgroups of patients with 2‐3 prior lines of therapy who were not refractory to bortezomib. The overall response rate (ORR) was 69.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61.7‐77.2) for Kd70 QW and 72.4% (95% CI, 65.9‐78.2) for Kd56 BIW. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 12.1 months (95% CI, 8.4‐14.3) for Kd70 QW and 14.5 months (95% CI, 10.2—not evaluable) for Kd56 BIW. Frequency of grade ≥ 3 adverse events (AEs) was 67.6% for Kd70 QW and 85.3% for Kd56 BIW. Regression analyses (adjusting for prognostic factors) of all patients in the trials who received Kd70 QW vs Kd56 BIW estimated a PFS hazard ratio of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.69‐1.19; P = .47) and an ORR odds ratio of 1.12 (95% CI, 0.74‐1.69; P = .61). These results suggest that Kd70 QW has a comparable efficacy profile compared with Kd56 BIW and represents a convenient and well‐tolerated treatment for patients with RRMM.
Use of the GORE® CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder for percutaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defects: Results of the multicenter U.S. IDE trial
Authors: Gillespie Matthew J. , Javois Alexander J. , Moore Phillip , Forbes Thomas , Paolillo Joseph A. ,   for the GSO Investigator Group
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate safety and efficacy of the GORE® CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder for percutaneous transcatheter closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defects.BackgroundThe GORE® CARDIOFORM septal occluder is a double‐disc, low profile, soft, conformable device, with distinct advantages over the GORE® HELEX® Septal Occluder.MethodsSubjects were enrolled in this single arm prospective study from 21 U.S. sites, and followed for 3 years. Primary endpoint was 6 month composite clinical success, comprised of technical success (implantation and retention of device), closure success (normalization of right heart size), no 30 day serious adverse events, and no device embolization or reintervention. Secondary endpoints included technical success, procedure success (technical success and ≤ 2 mm residual shunt at procedure conclusion), closure success (clinically insignificant or no residual shunt), and safety (freedom from 30 day serious adverse events and 6‐month device events).ResultsBetween October 2012 and May 2015, 50 pivotal and 350 continued access subjects underwent attempted transcatheter GORE® CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder implantation. Median age was 6.9 years, and mean static defect diameter 9.7 ± 3.1 mm. Device placement was achieved in 93.5% (374/400). Composite clinical success was 90.2% and clinical closure success was 98.8% at 6 months. Freedom from serious adverse events was 98.3% at 30 days, with no device embolizations or reinterventions through 6 months.ConclusionsThe GORE® CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder has high composite clinical success and safety, performing well in defects ≤17 mm by stop flow stretched diameter. Single, multifenestrated, and deficient retroaortic tissue defects were well represented and successfully treated.
Transition Metal‐free C−H Sulfonylation and Pyrazole Annulation Cascade for the Synthesis of 4‐Sulfonyl Pyrazoles
Authors: Tian Lihong , Wan Jie‐Ping , Sheng Shouri 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA practical protocol for the synthesis of 4‐sulfonyl pyrazoles via the reactions of readily available N,N‐dimethyl enaminones and sulfonyl hydrazines has been developed via the catalysis of molecular iodine in the presence of TBHP and NaHCO3 at room temperature. The pyrazole products have been constructed via the tandem C(sp2)−H sulfonylation and a pyrazole annulation without employing any transition metal catalyst or reagent, thus providing a practical new method for the synthesis of the novel pyrazoles bearing a sulfonyl side chain in the heterocycle.
Energetic Tug‐of‐War between Pt and Leaky TiO2: Positive and Negative Effects on the Function of Molecularly‐Modified p‐Si(111)|TiO2|Pt Photocathodes
Authors: Pekarek Ryan T. , Boucher Dylan G. , Neale Nathan R. , Rose Michael J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical solar energy conversion to chemical products is a promising avenue towards renewable fuels, and TiO2 deposition on semiconductor photocathodes is a widespread surface protection strategy. However, the electronic, thermodynamic, and kinetic effects of protection layers on interfacial energetics remains poorly understood. Here, electrochemical data (photocurrent onset and flatband potentials) of p‐Si(111)|TiO2|Pt is collected in contact with an outer‐sphere redox couple. We find that onset potentials shift negatively as a function of increasing oxide thickness, but this effect is not reflected in the flatband potentials. This reveals the mechanism of these shifts is kinetic rather than thermodynamic,and suggests that hole leakage through the TiO2 is responsible. When Pt nanoparticles are deposited onto the TiO2, positive shifts in both the onset and flatband potentials are observed, revealing Pt catalysts are beneficial for more than just increased catalytic rates. These results highlight the importance of understanding the effects of surface modifications on the energetics at the interface in both catalytic and simple electron transfer systems.
Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis of Structural Defects in Sputtered ZnO Films
Authors: Soares Costa Josiane , Prestat Michel , Tribollet Bernard , Lescop Benoit , Rioual Stéphane , Holzer Lorenz , Thierry Dominique 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe degradation of sputtered columnar ZnO layers under DC polarization was studied by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electron microscopy. It was found that the structure of the as‐deposited ZnO film was dense at the nanoscale. An equivalent circuit model including de Levie impedance accounted for the localized propagation of microscale cracks towards the copper substrate. This generates a capacitance (CZnO) that represents the crack surface area in contact with the electrolyte. CZnO is small enough not to be obscured by the double layer capacitance at the top of the layers and increases with increasingly negative potential and time. These results were compared to nanoporous ZnO layers that behave differently and exhibit a large CZnO. The combination of in situ EIS analysis with the ex situ structural information provided by electron microscopy proved to be an efficient methodology to characterize very different microstructures of conductive coatings.
Wettability alteration of solid surface to enhance the bitumen liberation and the water‐based processability of weathered oil sands
Authors: Ding Mingshan , Ren Sili 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWeathering often induces bituminous materials adsorbing on the sand grains and leads to poor processability of the oil sands. Chemical and microbial pre‐treatment of the prepared weathered ore model and a weathered oil sand ore were carried out to improve the solids surface wettability so as to facilitate the bitumen liberation and recovery. It was found that although all the cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (SDBS), and microbial culture medium could greatly decrease the surface tension of the solution, the CTAB treatment failed to improve the bitumen liberation, while the SDBS and microbial treatment significantly accelerated the bitumen liberation from the silicon substrates. The wettability analysis showed that the improved bitumen liberation could be attributed to the alteration of the solids surface wettability from hydrophobic to hydrophilic by the SDBS and microbial treatment. Inconsistent with the findings of the bitumen liberation, floatation tests of a weathered ore showed that the CTAB pre‐treatment only gave a low bitumen recovery of 33%, while the SDBS and microbial pre‐treatment improved the processability of the ore. In particular, the microbial treatment was more effective at removing the adsorbed organics from the solids and improved the surface hydrophilicity, resulting in a much better bitumen recovery of 95%. This work provides a way to improve the processability of the weathered ore by altering the solids surface wettability.
Hollow Mesoporous Metal‐Organic Framework Microdisks via a Solid Template‐Based Approach and Post‐Synthetic Wet‐Chemical Etching for Protein Loading
Authors: Zhu Guixian , Cheng Lin , Qi Ruogu , Liu Xuewu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), with high crystalline and ordered pore structures, hold great potential for various applications. However, the small microporous structures of MOFs restrict their applications. MOFs with larger porous structure and dimensions can expand their functionality to integrate with other large active agents. By applying porous silicon microdisks (PSi) as hard templates, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) were assembled on PSi to form PSi@ZIF‐8 core‐shell microdisks. A new porous structure of ZIF‐8 microcages was obtained via a post‐synthetic approach. The influence of PSi and reaction precursor for ZIF‐8 were explored, and the formation mechanism of mesoporous ZIF‐8 (PZIF‐8) hollow microcages was also proposed. By applying bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a loading agent, the protein release behavior of PSi@PZIF‐8 was investigated. It is noted that prepared PZIF‐8 microcages could serve as new vectors for loading active agents.
An Overview of Molecular Genetic Diagnosis Techniques
Authors: Goswami Rashmi S. , Harada Shuko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOur understanding of genetic disease(s) has increased exponentially since the completion of human genome sequencing and the development of numerous techniques to detect genetic variants. These techniques have not only allowed us to diagnose genetic disease, but in so doing, also provide increased understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases to aid in developing appropriate therapeutic options. Additionally, the advent of next‐generation or massively parallel sequencing (NGS/MPS) is increasingly being used in the clinical setting, as it can detect a number of abnormalities from point mutations to chromosomal rearrangements as well as aberrations within the transcriptome. In this article, we will discuss the use of multiple techniques that are used in genetic diagnosis. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Design and Synthesis of Fluorescent Nanocelluloses for Sensing and Bioimaging Applications
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Liu Gang , Li Xinping , Zhang Sufeng , Lü Xingqiang , Wang Yaoyu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent materials research based on fluorescent nanocelluloses (NCs) used in the field of sensing and bioimaging is reviewed. Many designed morphologies have been reported, such as nanoparticles, fibers, nanopapers, hydrogels and aerogels, that have been produced by physical or chemical methods. In the field of sensing and bioimaging, these studies have involved, but not been limited to, special optical properties including fluorescence, long‐lived luminescence, polarized light, and/or aggregation‐induced emission. The fluorescence sensing platforms can be categorized according to stimuli such as pH and temperature, as well as the presence of toxic compounds, and anions and metal cations. In addition, NCs exhibit unique low toxicity, good biocompatibility, biodegradability and cell membrane penetration, and can be modified into fluorescent nanoprobes for in vivo imaging and tracing. As an excellent platform for fluorescent sensing and bioimaging, NCs are bound to be increasingly studied and widely applied in the field of production and life sciences.
Direct Alkylation of Benzene at Lower Temperatures in the Liquid Phase: Catalysis by Montmorillonites as Noble‐Metal‐Free Solid Acids
Authors: Takabatake Moe , Nambo Masayuki , Manaka Yuichi , Motokura Ken 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlkylated benzenes are widely used as raw materials for the production of a variety of chemical compounds. Conventionally, they are obtained by the Friedel‐Crafts reaction between alkyl halides and benzene. In this study, the synthesis of halogen‐free alkylated benzenes was made possible by the direct alkylation of benzene with alkanes using montmorillonites as noble‐metal‐free solid acid catalysts. The direct alkylation of benzene with n‐heptane was performed at 150 °C. Aluminum‐exchanged montmorillonite showed the highest yield of the target C‐7 alkylated products (Ph‐C7) compared with other homogeneous and heterogeneous acid catalysts: 1.8 % conversion of benzene with 58 % selectivity in 16 h. The montmorillonite catalyst system was applied to other linear and cyclic alkanes to give the corresponding alkylated products with good selectivities.
Corporate social responsibility strategy and corporate environmental and social performance: The moderating role of board gender diversity
Authors: Orazalin Nurlan , Baydauletov Mady 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDrawing on upper echelons and resource dependence theories and using data of European listed companies over the period 2009–2016, we examine the effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy and board gender diversity on environmental and social performance. In particular, we investigate whether CSR strategy contributes to improving corporate environmental and social performance, and whether this relationship is moderated by board gender diversity. Our empirical findings suggest that firms with more effective CSR strategies exhibit better environmental and social performance. The results also show that board gender diversity is positively associated with environmental and social performance, thus supporting the notion that board gender diversity promotes sustainable development. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the positive relationship between CSR strategy and environmental performance is negatively moderated by board gender diversity. Finally, the results show that that national governance quality and firm size are important underlying factors affecting corporate environmental and social performance.
To clean or not to clean: Cleaning mutualism breakdown in a tidal environment
Authors: Dunkley Katie , Ward Ashley J. W. , Perkins Sarah E. , Cable Jo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe dynamics and prevalence of mutualistic interactions, which are responsible for the maintenance and structuring of all ecological communities, are vulnerable to changes in abiotic and biotic environmental conditions. Mutualistic outcomes can quickly shift from cooperation to conflict, but it unclear how resilient and stable mutualistic outcomes are to more variable conditions. Tidally controlled coral atoll lagoons that experience extreme diurnal environmental shifts thus provide a model from which to test plasticity in mutualistic behavior of dedicated (formerly obligate) cleaner fish, which acquire all their food resources through client interactions. Here, we investigated cleaning patterns of a model cleaner fish species, the bluestreak wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus), in an isolated tidal lagoon on the Great Barrier Reef. Under tidally restricted conditions, uniquely both adults and juveniles were part‐time facultative cleaners, pecking on Isopora palifera coral. The mutualism was not completely abandoned, with adults also wandering across the reef in search of clients, rather than waiting at fixed site cleaning stations, a behavior not yet observed at any other reef. Contrary to well‐established patterns for this cleaner, juveniles appeared to exploit the system, by biting (“cheating”) their clients more frequently than adults. We show for the first time, that within this variable tidal environment, where mutualistic cleaning might not represent a stable food source, the prevalence and dynamics of this mutualism may be breaking down (through increased cheating and partial abandonment). Environmental variability could thus reduce the pervasiveness of mutualisms within our ecosystems, ultimately reducing the stability of the system.
Neurodegenerative pathways as targets for acquired epilepsy therapy development
Authors: Casillas‐Espinosa Pablo M. , Ali Idrish , O'Brien Terence J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere is a growing body of clinical and experimental evidence that neurodegenerative diseases and epileptogenesis after an acquired brain insult may share common etiological mechanisms. Acquired epilepsy commonly develops as a comorbid condition in patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, although it is likely much under diagnosed in practice. Progressive neurodegeneration has also been described after traumatic brain injury, stroke, and other forms of brain insults. Moreover, recent evidence has shown that acquired epilepsy is often a progressive disorder that is associated with the development of drug resistance, cognitive decline, and worsening of other neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Therefore, new pharmacological therapies that target neurobiological pathways that underpin neurodegenerative diseases have potential to have both an anti‐epileptogenic and disease‐modifying effect on the seizures in patients with acquired epilepsy, and also mitigate the progressive neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Here, we review the neurodegenerative pathways that are plausible targets for the development of novel therapies that could prevent the development or modify the progression of acquired epilepsy, and the supporting published experimental and clinical evidence.
Three‐dimensional characterization of open and closed coal nanopores based on a multi‐scale analysis including CO2 adsorption, mercury intrusion, low‐temperature nitrogen adsorption, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering
Authors: Nie Baisheng , Lun Jiayun , Wang Kedi , Shen Jiesheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCoal seams in China have poor permeability and a complex pore structure, leading to a low gas extraction efficiency. Studying the pore structure of different metamorphic degrees of coal by using modern technological methods and employing appropriate pumping measures for different pore structures can improve the gas extraction efficiency. In this study, the pore sizes of three coal samples with different metamorphic grades were measured at different pore scales through CO2 adsorption, nitrogen adsorption, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and mercury pressure methods. The pore structure was three‐dimensionally reconstructed using the lattice Boltzmann method‐based quartet structure generation set algorithm. The optimum pore size measurements performed using the CO2 adsorption, nitrogen adsorption, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and mercury pressure methods were in the ranges of 0.3‐2, 1.7‐300, 1‐50, and 7.5‐11 000 nm, respectively; this demonstrates that the structure of a full‐scale coal model cannot be accurately tested using a single technique. The pore structure varies depending on the metamorphic degree of the coal; therefore, coal metamorphism should be considered for effective gas extraction.
The zooarchaeology and paleoecology of early hominin scavenging
Authors: Pobiner Briana L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractQuestions about the timing, frequency, resource yield, and behavioral and biological implications of large animal carcass acquisition by early hominins have been a part of the “hunting‐scavenging debate” for decades. This article presents a brief outline of this debate, reviews the zooarchaeological and modern ecological evidence for a possible scavenging niche among the earliest animal tissue‐consuming hominins (pre‐2.0 Ma), revisits some of the questions that this debate has generated, and outlines some ways to explore answers to those questions with evidence from the archaeological record.
Preparation and properties of chitosan‐based microspheres by spray drying
Authors: Zhang Zeng‐liang , Li Li‐jie , Sun Dan , Wang Min , Shi Ju‐ran , Yang Di , Wang Lu‐hui , Zou Sheng‐can 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, the chitosan‐based release microspheres were prepared by spray drying method. Chitosan was used as the carrier material, and Panax notoginseng extract, Codonopsis extract, and Atractylodes extract (the mass ratio was 2:7:5) were active substance. The spray drying preparation process of microsphere was optimized by single factor experiment and L9 (34) orthogonal design. Drug loading (DL), particle size, and sustained release performance of microspheres were investigated. The mass fraction of chitosan was 1.5%, the mass ratio of drug to chitosan was 1:3, the inlet air temperature was 130°C, and the injection rate was 400 ml/hr. The chitosan‐based microspheres prepared under the above conditions had a smooth surface, and the DL was 23.87 ± 0.93%; the average particle diameter was 10.27 ± 1.05 μm, and the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the microspheres was 91.28 ± 1.04%. The preparation process of chitosan‐based drug microsphere prepared by spray drying method was simple and stable. The prepared microspheres in this paper showed a sustained release effect in vitro.
Qualitative discrimination of Chinese dianhong black tea grades based on a handheld spectroscopy system coupled with chemometrics
Authors: Huang Jing , Ren Guangxin , Sun Yemei , Jin Shanshan , Li Luqing , Wang Yujie , Ning Jingming , Zhang Zhengzhu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe evaluation of Chinese dianhong black tea (CDBT) grades was an important indicator to ensure its quality. A handheld spectroscopy system combined with chemometrics was utilized to assess CDBT from eight grades. Both variables selection methods, namely genetic algorithm (GA) and successive projections algorithm (SPA), were employed to acquire the feature variables of each sample spectrum. A partial least‐squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms were applied for the establishment of the grading discrimination models based on near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Comparisons of the portable and benchtop NIRS systems were implemented to obtain the optimal discriminant models. Experimental results showed that GA‐SVM models by the handheld sensors yielded the best predictive performance with the correct discriminant rate (CDR) of 98.75% and 100% in the training set and prediction set, respectively. This study demonstrated that the handheld system combined with a suitable chemometric and feature information selection method could successfully be used for the rapid and efficient discrimination of CDBT rankings. It was promising to establish a specific economical portable NIRS sensor for in situ quality assurance of CDBT grades.