bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health-Promoting Leadership during an Infectious Disease Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Study of US Soldiers Deployed to Liberia
Authors: Booth Laurel C , Schwalb Molly , Kim Paul Y , Adler Amy B 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Infectious disease outbreaks are uniquely stressful for non-medical essential employees. Promoting the health of these workers is vital to minimize their distress and to ensure they are able to continue in their professional capacity. One way to support worker health is for supervisors to engage in behaviors that promote their employees’ behavioral health, wellbeing, and attitudes towards preventive medicine practices.
Methods
The present study examined if health-promoting leadership contributes to these outcomes in employees operating in an epidemic. Active-duty soldiers (N = 173) deployed to provide non-medical support in Liberia during the 2014 Ebola crisis completed surveys assessing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, sleep problems, burnout, morale and attitudes, and rating their leaders on health-promoting behaviors. An exploratory factor analysis identified two leadership factors, one focused on psychological health and one on preventive medicine behaviors.
Results
Using mixed effects logistic regression, after adjusting for general leadership and soldier rank, health-promoting leadership focused on psychological health was associated with decreased odds of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and burnout, and increased odds of high morale and avoiding unnecessary risk. Health-promoting leadership behaviors focused on preventive medicine were associated with decreased odds of depression and anxiety, and increased odds of high morale, understanding the level of risk from disease, positive attitudes towards the deployment and preventive practices, and avoiding unnecessary risk.
Conclusions
Findings suggest health-promoting leadership behaviors could be valuable for employees responding to infectious disease outbreaks. Future research should examine whether training leaders in these skills can improve outcomes for non-medical employees in both military and civilian settings.
Effect of seawater immersion on pathophysiological changes in rats combined burns with open abdominal injury
Authors: ying lin , liangming liu , jifu qu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: To observe the effects of seawater immersion on the pathophysiological changes in rats combined burns with open abdominal injury.Method: Eighty-eight male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats combined burns with open abdominal injuries were randomly divided into the seawater immersion group (SI) and the control group (Ctl).Rats in SI group were immersed in seawater at 15℃ for 1 hour. The changes of respiration, blood pressure, rectal temperature, blood gases, blood electrolyte, liver and kidney function, coagulation function, heart damage and animal survival at different time points in the early stage (within 9 hours after injury) were observed.Result: After immersed in seawater, the body temperature of rats in SI group were significantly decreased, the respiration were remarkably inhibited and the blood pressure were obviously declined as compared to those in Ctl group. The blood pH of rats in SI group were significantly lower than those in Ctl group, showing severe acidosis(P<0.05). The changes of HCO3-, PCO2 and BE also presented the similiar trends(P<0.05). PO2 and PCO2 in SI group were significantly higher than those in Ctl group (P<0.05). However, the SaO2 in SI group were lower than those in Ctl group (P<0.05). Blood sodium and chlorine in SI group were higher than those in Ctl group, showing severe hypernatremia and hyperchloremia(P<0.05). The concentration of potassium and calcium were not obviously changed. The liver and kidney function parameters(AST,ALT,Urea,Crea) in SI group were lower than those in Ctl group 4 hours after injury(P<0.05), while myocardial damage markers (TNT) in SI group were higher than those in Ctl group. There were no significant differences in coagulation function between the two groups. The survival time of the SI group rats were shorter than those in Ctl group and the mortality was higher than those in Ctl group (66.7% vs 41.7%).Conclusion: Low-temperature seawater immersion might aggravate injury, accelerate animal death, induce hypothermia, respiratory depression, acidosis, hypernatremia and hyperchloremia. Immersing in low temperature seawater for 1 hour can cause myocardial damage, but it has protective effects on the liver and kidney. Therefore, more attentions should be paid to the secondary injury caused by seawater immersion in the emergency treatment of the wounded, such as rapidly rewarming, rectifying the acidosis and maintaining the stability of homeostasis of the wounded, so as to lay the foundation for the further definitive treatments.
Network Structure Impacts the Synchronization of Collective Beliefs
Authors: Vlasceanu Madalina , Coman Alin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
People’s beliefs are influenced by interactions within their communities. The propagation of this influence through conversational social networks should impact the degree to which community members synchronize their beliefs. To investigate, we recruited a sample of 140 participants and constructed fourteen 10-member communities. Participants first rated the accuracy of a set of statements (pre-test) and were then provided with relevant evidence about them. Then, participants discussed the statements in a series of conversational interactions, following pre-determined network structures (clustered/non-clustered). Finally, they rated the accuracy of the statements again (post-test). The results show that belief synchronization, measuring the increase in belief similarity among individuals within a community from pre-test to post-test, is influenced by the community’s conversational network structure. This synchronization is circumscribed by a degree of separation effect and is equivalent in the clustered and non-clustered networks. We also find that conversational content predicts belief change from pre-test to post-test.
Numerical Simulation of Coal Wall Cutting and Lump Coal Formation in a Fully Mechanized Mining Face
Authors: Yuan Yong , Wang Shengzhi , Wang Wenmiao , Zhu Cheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
It is difficult to accurately calculate the lump coal rate in a fully mechanized mining face. Therefore, a numerical simulation of the coal wall cutting process, which revealed the crack expansion, development, evolution in the coal body and the corresponding lump coal formation mechanism, was performed in PFC. Moreover, a correlation was established between the cutting force and lump coal formation, and a statistical analysis method was proposed to determine the lump coal rate. The following conclusions were drawn from the results. (1) Based on a soft ball model, a coal wall cutting model was established. By setting the roller parameters based on linear bonding and simulating the roller cutting process of the coal body, the coal wall cutting process was effectively simulated, and accurate lump coal rate statistics were provided. (2) Under the cutting stress, the coal body in the working face underwent three stages—microfracture generation, fracture expansion, and fracture penetration—to form lump coal, in which the fracture direction was orthogonal to the cutting pressure chain. Within a certain range from the roller, as the cutting depth of the roller increased, the number of new fractures in the coal body first increased and then stabilized. (3) Under the cutting stress, the fractured coal body was locally compressed, thereby forming a compact core. The formation and destruction of the compact core caused fluctuations in the cutting force. The fluctuation amplitude was positively related to the coal mass. (4) Because the simulation did not consider secondary damage in the coal, the simulated lump coal rate was larger than the actual lump coal rate in the working face; this deviation was mainly concentrated in large lump coal with a diameter greater than 300 mm.
Extravascular risk factors in the prognostic evaluation for spinal cord injury during thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm exclusion: a case report.
Authors: Villani Flavio , Fargion Aaron Thomas , Melani Alberto , Esposito Davide , Domenico Rossella Di , Dorigo Walter , Pratesi Carlo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The etiology of delayed-onset spinal cord injury (SCI) following endovascular repair of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA) is still unclear and may be related to multiple factors. Extravascular factors, such as lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), may play a significant role in the selection of patient at risk of SCI. In this report we describe a case of paraplegia following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in a patient suffering from severe and symptomatic LSS and undergoing staged endovascular repair of a TAAA.Case presentation: A 70-year-old man was admitted to our department with an asymptomatic type III TAAA in previous open repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm. The patient complained of buttock and thigh claudication in the absence of defects in the pelvic perfusion; a spinal magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed a severe narrowing of the lumbar canal. The first-step procedure was estimated at intermediate risk of SCI and considering a recent cardiac procedure requiring double antiplatelet therapy, in agreement with anesthesiologists, a preoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage was not performed during the first-step. After 24 hours from TEVAR paraplegia was detected. The drainage was then placed with incomplete recovery. The second stage was performed in urgency three weeks after, without complications and changes in neurological status.Conclusions: Stenotic damage to the spinal cord is thought to be the result of direct compression of the neural elements and ischemic disruption of arterial and venous structures surrounding the spinal cord. This comorbidity may constitute an additional anatomic risk factor in those patients currently recognized as prognostically associated to the development of SCI.
Separation of Magnetotelluric Signals Based on Refined Composite Multiscale Dispersion Entropy and Orthogonal Matching Pursuit
Authors: Zhang Xian , Li Jin , Li Diquan , Li Yong , Liu Bei , Hu Yanfang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Magnetotelluric (MT) signal processing can increase the reliability of data. Traditional MT de-noising methods are usually filtered in entire MT time-series sequence, which result in losing of useful MT signals and the degradation of electromagnetic inversion imaging accuracy. However, targeted MT noise separation will retain the part of data that is not affected by strong noise, and enhance the quality of MT data. Thus, we proposed a novel method which using refined composite multiscale dispersion entropy (RCMDE) and orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) for MT noise separation. Firstly, we extracted the RCMDE characteristic parameters from each segment of the MT time-series. Then, the characteristic parameters are input to the fuzzy c-mean (FCM) clustering for automatic signal-noise identification. Next, the identified noise segments were independently denoised by using OMP method. Finally, the reconstructed signal consists of the denoised data segments and the identified useful signal segments. We conducted the simulation experiments and algorithm evaluation on the EMTF data, simulated data and measured sites. The results indicate that a variety of entropy without scale factor is not stable enough, and the RCMDE can improve the stability of multiscale dispersion entropy (MDE) and multiscale entropy (MSE) by analyzing the characteristics of the signal samples library, and thus effectively dividing MT signals and noise. In this paper, the existing techniques of the entire time domain de-noising and signal-noise identification method are compared. Only for RCMDE and OMP as characteristic parameter and noise separation method, the proposed method simplified the multi-features fusion method, and improved the accuracy of signal-noise identification, accelerated de-noising efficiency, and improved the MT data quality of low-frequency band.
Risk Factors Affecting Survival Time to First Recurrence of Breast Cancer Patients: The Case of South West Ethiopia
Authors: Bacha Reta Habtamu , Jabir Yasin Negash , Tesfay Yohannes Yebabe , Dame Kenenisa Tadesse 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Among the cancers, next to cervical cancer, in Ethiopia, breast cancer is the second common cancer health problem for women. This article aimed to identify the potential risk factors affecting of time-to-first-recurrence of breast cancer patients in southwest Ethiopia: Jimma Medical Center, Bedelle hospital, Mizan-Aman hospital, and Mettu hospital and Karl hospital. Methods: The data were taken from the patient’s medical record that registered from January 2012 to January 2019. The study considered a sample size of 642 breast cancer patients. Different non-parametric and parametric shared frailty survival models employed. Results: Out of 642 breast cancer patients, about 447 (69.6 %) recovered/cured of the disease. The median cure time from breast cancer found 13 months. The lognormal parametric shared frailty survival model predicted that treatment, stage of breast cancer, smoking habit, and marital status significantly affects the time to the first recurrence of breast cancer. Conclusion: Treatment, stages of breast cancer, and marital status were improved while smoking habits worsen the time to first cure of breast cancer. To mitigate breast cancer diseases awareness should be given for the community on identified factors
Psychosocial Rehabilitation Experiences of Women Victims of Armed Conflict in Colombia.
Authors: Sarmiento-Marulanda Laura Camila , Aguilera-Char Amira Ayleen , Gonzalez-Gil Catalina , López-López Wilson 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: After nine years of the ground-breaking social policy Law 1448 of 2011 -Victims Law- and its extension until 2030, the Colombian State and other stakeholders have made several efforts towards granting the right of integral reparation for more than nine million victims that are recognized in the Colombian transitional context. Psychosocial rehabilitation is a reparation measure of the Victims Law’s whose objective is to re-establish the psychosocial, physical and mental health welfare in the individual, familiar and community levels. This study aims to understand the experiences of psychosocial rehabilitation of women victims of armed conflict in Montes de Maria and the underlying social intervention paradigms that guide the Law’s implementation. Methods: Based on a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach, narrative tools and thematic network analysis permitted to give voice to the women participants. Individual narrative interviews and a focus group were conducted with twelve and eight women victims, respectively. Results: Although the Victims Law is oriented by a sociopolitical intervention paradigm, the stories of the women’s victims of Montes de María mainly evidenced non-sociopolitical interventions with humanitarian assistance towards revictimization and State abandonment. As a coping mechanism towards the State negligence encountered, women strive to overcome psychosocial trauma by developing agency and community resources for the resignification of the traumatic experiences and peacebuilding. Conclusions: For the Victims Law to achieve its integrality aim, the psychosocial approach should be implemented through all its measures but remains absent. Women and their communities are urgently demanding mental health interventions with adequate psychosocial rehabilitation to overcome trauma. Therefore, it is an urgent matter for the different stakeholders to collaborate towards transformative and participatory psychosocial interventions based on the community’s necessities and resources and non-repetition guarantees to avoid revictimization, as conflict and an Unconstitutional state of affairs persists.
Adherence to the DASH Diet and Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Toorang Fatemeh , Sasanfar Bahareh , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Zendehdel Kazem 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating pattern has been recommended as a healthy dietary plan by several international guidelines. However, data on the association between the DASH diet and breast cancer (BC) is limited. This study investigated the association between the DASH dietary pattern and risk of BC.Methods: This is a hospital-based case-control study conducted between 2014 and 2016 in the Cancer Institute of Iran. Patients with histopathologically confirmed BC were recruited. Controls were healthy subjects who were frequency matched to cases by residential place and age (±10years). A validated 168-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was applied to assess the dietary intake of participants. Physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The DASH dietary pattern scores were calculated using the method introduced by Fung. Unconditional logistic regression, in which potential confounders were taken into account, was applied to determine the association between adherence to the DASH dietary pattern and odds of BC. Results: The study participants comprised 477 patients with BC and 507 healthy controls. In the total population, patients with BC were slightly older (45.9 vs. 43.9 y, P=0.02), had slightly higher BMI (21.9 vs. 20.2, P=0.01) and were less physically active (20 vs. 27 MET h/wk. P<0.01) than controls. In Model A, which was adjusted for age and energy intake, adherence to the DASH dietary pattern substantially reduced BC risk in the total population (OR for comparing extreme tertiles: 0.62; 95% CI 0.44-0.78; Ptrend =0.004). Even after controlling for more cofounders, greatest adherence to DASH diet was associated with a 34% reduction in risk of BC (OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.46, 0.94; Ptrend=0.03). In premenopausal women, adherence to the DASH dietary pattern was insignificantly associated with a 32% reduction in BC risk. This risk reduction was 38% in postmenopausal women, which was also not found to be significant Conclusion: Adherence to the DASH dietary pattern could be associated with an approximately 30% reduction in risk of BC. However, further studies, in particular studies with prospective design, are required to confirm this claim.
Understanding equity of institutional delivery in public health centre in India: An assessment using Benefit Incidence Analysis
Authors: Mohanty Sanjay K. , Mishra Radhe Shyam , Mishra Suyash , Sen Soumendu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The National Health Mission (NHM), the largest ever publicly funded health programme worldwide used over half of the national health budget in India and primarily targeted to improve maternal and child health in the country. Though increased public health investment in India has improved the health care utilization and health outcomes across geographies and socio-economic groups, little is known on equity aspect of such large scale investment. In this context, this paper examines the utilisation pattern of delivery care and equity aspect of public investment in India.Methods: Data from the recent round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS 4) conducted during 2015-16 used in the analyses. A total of 148,645 last birth delivered in an institution in a reference period of five years has been used in the analyses. The out-of-pocket (OOP) payment on delivery care is the dependent variable. Benefits Incidence Analysis (BIA), descriptive statistics, concentration index (CI), and concentration curve (CC) used in the analysis.Results: Utilization of natal care from public health centres in India is pro-poor and have a strong economic gradient. However, about 28% mothers in richest wealth quintile did not pay for delivery in public health centres compared to 16% among the poorest wealth quintile. The median OOP payments for institutional delivery from public health centre was ₹1200 for mothers belonging to the poorest wealth quintile compared to ₹2000 for mothers belonging to richest wealth quintile. Benefit incidence analyses suggests that about 17.4 % of subsidies were used among poorest, 19.3% among richest quintile and 21.9% in the middle quintile. The concentration index of institutional delivery from public health centres was -0.161 [95% Confidence Interval: -0.158, -0.165] compared to 0.296 [95% Confidence Interval: 0.289, 0.303] from private health centres.Conclusion: Utilisation of natal care services from public health centres in India is pro-poor. However, benefit-incidence analyses suggest that the use of subsidy is relatively higher among wealthier and better off mothers in India.
Impact of Palliative Care in Evaluating and Relieving Symptoms in Patients with Advanced Cancer. The DEMETRA Study
Authors: Corli Oscar , Pellegrini Giacomo , Bosetti Cristina , Riva Luca , Crippa Matteo , Scaccabarozzi Gianlorenzo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Cancer patients experience a number of symptoms throughout the course of the disease. We aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the symptom burden in patients with advanced cancer at admission to specialist palliative care (PC) services and seven days later, to estimate the immediate impact of PC intervention.Patient and methods: The analysis was based on an observational, prospective, multicenter study (named DEMETRA) conducted in Italy to outline the profile of patients, families and PC services in different care settings (hospital, hospice and home care). The prevalence and intensity of symptoms were assessed using three tools, including the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS).Results: Five PC centers recruited 865 cancer patients. Thirty-three different symptoms were observed at baseline, the most frequent being asthenia (85%) and lack of appetite (71%). Two-thirds of patients experienced six to twelve simultaneous symptoms. The intensity of the most frequent symptoms according to ESAS varied from 5.5 for asthenia to 3.9 for nausea. The presence and intensity of physical symptoms increased with increasing levels of anxiety and depression. After seven days, prevalence decreased significantly only for nausea and breathlessness, while intensity diminished significantly for almost all symptoms. At admission we noted a correlation between patients' symptoms and the care setting. After one week, the symptom intensity was uniformly reduced in all settings.Conclusions: The study confirmed the considerable symptom burden of patients with advanced cancer. PC intervention significantly lessened the severity of symptoms, despite the patients’ advanced disease and short survival.