bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The gender-neutral bathroom: a new frame and some nudges
Authors: BOVENS LUC , MARCOCI ALEXANDRU 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGender-neutral bathrooms are usually framed as an accommodation for trans and other gender-nonconforming individuals. In this paper, we show that the benefits of gender-neutral bathrooms are much broader. First, our simulations show that gender-neutral bathrooms reduce average waiting times: while waiting times for women go down invariably, waiting times for men either go down or slightly increase depending on usage intensity, occupancy-time differentials and the presence of urinals. Second, our result can be turned on its head: firms have an opportunity to reduce the number of facilities and cut costs by making them all gender-neutral without increasing waiting times. These observations can be used to reframe the gender-neutral bathrooms debate so that they appeal to a larger constituency, cutting across the usual dividing lines in the ‘bathroom wars’. Finally, there are improved designs and behavioural strategies that can help overcome resistance. We explore what strategies can be invoked to mitigate the objections that gender-neutral bathrooms (1) are unsafe, (2) elicit discomfort and (3) are unhygienic.
Translating and Transliterating Marxism in Indonesia
Authors: CRAWFORD OLIVER 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the 1910s and 1920s, when Indonesian communists first seriously engaged with Marxism, they faced the questions of how to translate Marx's concepts from Dutch, the language in which they generally encountered them, into Malay, the lingua franca of the Indonesian archipelago, and how to make these ideas relevant in an Asian and largely Islamic context. Focusing on three aspects of Marxism—the ‘scientific’ nature of communism, class conflict in feudal and capitalist society, and the relationship between communism and Islam—I argue that Indonesian communists alternated between transliteration and translation in their exposition of Marxism. Transliterating ‘universal’ Marxist categories such as proletarian (proletar) and capitalism (kapitalisme) allowed Indonesian communists to speak in global terms and strengthened their claim that Marxism was a science with a universal terminology. At the same time, there was a process of ‘localization’, whereby foreign Marxist materials were translated to bring them closer to local cultural norms. Malay substitutes were found for Marx's typology of classes and historical eras, while Arabic terms associated with Islam were used to add a moral dimension to the Marxist critique of capitalism. These translations grounded Marxism in Islam and Indonesian history, but also elevated vernacular terms to universal status by eliding them with Marx's categories. The resulting style of Indonesian Marxism was multilingual. From the 1930s, however, Indonesian nationalists consciously moved away from transliteration, devising a more thoroughly Indonesian political vocabulary to replace Marx's terms, though one still clearly influenced by Marxism.
Collaboration applications for mixed home care — A systematic review of evaluations and outcomes
Authors: Renyi Madeleine , Lindwedel-Reime Ulrike , Blattert Lisa , Teuteberg Frank , Kunze Christophe 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesMixed home care, in which informal and professional actors work closely together, contributes significantly to ensuring home care up to old age. In this context, collaboration applications can considerably enhance the interactions among caregivers. However, although much research is conducted on need and requirement analyses of such applications, little is known about their introduction and use in care models. The purpose of this contribution is to identify studies that evaluate collaboration applications for mixed home care and compare their outcomes.MethodsTo identify literature on mixed home care collaboration applications (mHCA) and their evaluation, a systematic literature review was conducted in five bibliographic databases covering the years 2008 through 2019. The results were supplemented by a search in the meta-database Google Scholar. The evaluation approaches of the studies were analyzed and results compared by using the NASSS framework. Finally, a context concretized model was derived which summarizes interrelations.ResultsTwelve qualitative studies evaluating eleven applications could be identified. They report on increased competency in self-management, psychological relatedness, involvement, and understanding. However, most studies conclude that large scale platform tests are still needed to prove significant changes in care processes, communication, or organization.ConclusionAmong other things, their implementation is rather difficult due to the specifics of the target group. To enable a more targeted and successful implementation, it might be helpful to classify care networks beforehand and assess their communication behavior and needs. To prove the added value of mHCAs standardized assessment tools should be used.
Impact of protein-losing enteropathy in children who underwent the Fontan operation
Authors: Alkofair Baneen , Alruwaili Abdulmajeed , Gai Jiaxiang , Harahsheh Ashraf S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrevious reports have identified risk factors associated with development of post-Fontan protein-losing enteropathy. Less is known about the economic impact and resource utilisation required for post-Fontan protein-losing enteropathy in the current era. We conducted a single-centre retrospective study to assess the impact of post-Fontan protein-losing enteropathy on transplant-free survival. We also described resource utilisation and treatment variations among post-Fontan protein-losing enteropathy patients. Children who received care at our centre between 2009 and 2017 after the Fontan surgery were eligible. Initial admissions for the Fontan operative procedure were excluded. Demographics, hospital admissions, resource utilisation, medications and charges were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of post-Fontan protein-losing enteropathy. Of the 343 patients screened, 147 met the eligibility criteria. Of these, 28 (19%) developed protein-losing enteropathy. After adjusting for follow-up duration, the protein-losing enteropathy group had higher number of encounters (2.15 ± 2.16 versus 1.47 ± 2.56, p 0.002), hospital length of stay (days) (25 ± 51.3 versus 11.4 ± 41.7, p < 0.0001) and total charges (2018US$) (388,489 ± 759,859 versus 202,725 ± 1,076,625, p < 0.0001). Encounters for patients with protein-losing enteropathy utilised more therapies. Among those with protein-losing enteropathy, use of digoxin was associated with slightly decreased odds for mortality and/or transplant (0.95, confidence interval 0.90–0.99, p 0.021). The 10-year transplant-free survival for patients with/without protein-losing enteropathy was 65.7/97.3% (p 0.002), respectively. Post-Fontan protein-losing enteropathy is associated with reduced 10-year transplant-free survival, higher resource utilisation, charges and medication use compared with the non-protein-losing enteropathy group. Practice variation among post-Fontan protein-losing-enteropathy patients is common. Further larger studies are needed to assess the impact of standardisation on the well-being of children with post-Fontan protein-losing enteropathy.
QT interval evaluation associated with the use of hydroxychloroquine with combined use of azithromycin among hospitalised children positive for coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Tuncer Tunc , Karaci Mehmet , Boga Aysun , Durmaz Hilal , Guven Sirin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroduction and aim:Hydroxychloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin has been increasingly used for patients with coronavirus disease 2019, in both children and adults. Drugs are generally well tolerated in clinical practice; however, both can cause corrected QT prolongation. We aimed to report our experience of QT interval evaluation associated with the use of hydroxychloroquine with concurrent azithromycin among children testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019.Methods:Our single-centre; retrospective, study evaluated children with coronavirus disease 2019 disease admitted to the Pediatric Department at Sancaktepe Training and Research Hospital Istanbul, Turkey from 10 March, 2020 to 10 April, 2020. The data including demographics, clinical symptoms, co-morbid diseases, laboratory, radiological findings as well as electrocardiographs of the patients were obtained from our records. Electrocardiograms were evaluated before, one day after and at the termination of the treatment.Results:21 patients aged 9 to 18 years were evaluated. The median age was 170 months (range 112–214), 51.1% of them were girls and 48.9% were boys. Their laboratory results did not reveal any abnormalities. None of them needed intensive care. We did not detect QT prolongation during or at the termination of the treatment.Conclusion:We did not detect QT prolongation during or at the termination of the treatment in our patients due to the fact that they were not severely affected by the disease. Patients were treated in our inpatient clinic and none of them required intensive care. Laboratory results were also insignificant. Furthermore, they did not need other medications.
Pyrocumulonimbus Stratospheric Plume Injections Measured by the ACE‐FTS
Authors: Boone C. D. , Bernath P. F. , Fromm M. D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) is a satellite‐based mission that probes Earth's atmosphere via solar occultation. The primary instrument on board is a high‐resolution infrared Fourier transform spectrometer (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer, ACE‐FTS), providing altitude‐resolved volume mixing ratio measurements for numerous atmospheric constituents, including many biomass burning products. The ACE mission has observed the aftermath of three major pyrocumulonimbus events, in which extreme heat from intense fires created a pathway for directly injecting into the stratosphere plumes of gaseous and aerosol pollutants. These three events were associated with severe Australian bushfires from 2009 and 2019/2020, along with intense North American wildfires from summer 2017. The ACE‐FTS measured stratospheric plumes containing aerosols, enhanced levels of gaseous fire products, and tropospheric air transported into the stratosphere. Infrared spectral features indicate strikingly similar aerosol composition for all three events, characteristic of oxygenated organic matter.
Off‐Fault Damage Characterization During and After Experimental Quasi‐Static and Dynamic Rupture in Crustal Rock From Laboratory P Wave Tomography and Microstructures
Authors: Aben Franciscus M. , Brantut Nicolas , Mitchell Thomas M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElastic strain energy released during shear failure in rock is partially spent as fracture energy Γ to propagate the rupture further. Γ is dissipated within the rupture tip process zone, and includes energy dissipated as off‐fault damage, Γoff. Quantifying off‐fault damage formed during rupture is crucial to understand its effect on rupture dynamics and slip‐weakening processes behind the rupture tip, and its contribution to seismic radiation. Here, we quantify Γoff and associated change in off‐fault mechanical properties during and after quasi‐static and dynamic rupture. We do so by performing dynamic and quasi‐static shear failure experiments on intact Lanhélin granite under triaxial conditions. We quantify the change in elastic moduli around the fault from time‐resolved 3‐D P wave velocity tomography obtained during and after failure. We measure the off‐fault microfracture damage after failure. From the tomography, we observe a localized maximum 25% drop in P wave velocity around the shear failure interface for both quasi‐static and dynamic failure. Microfracture density data reveal a damage zone width of around 10 mm after quasi‐static failure, and 20 mm after dynamic failure. Microfracture densities obtained from P wave velocity tomography models using an effective medium approach are in good agreement with the measured off‐fault microfracture damage. Γoff obtained from off‐fault microfracture measurements is around 3 kJ m2 for quasi‐static rupture, and 5.5 kJ m2 for dynamic rupture. We argue that rupture velocity determines damage zone width for slip up to a few mm, and that shear fracture energy Γ increases with increasing rupture velocity.
A Review on Multiphase Underwater Jets and Plumes: Droplets, Hydrodynamics, and Chemistry
Authors: Boufadel Michel C. , Socolofsky Scott , Katz Joseph , Yang Di , Daskiran Cosan , Dewar William 
Published: July 2020

AbstractJets and plumes have been the focus of quantitative investigations since the mid‐1950s. These investigations intensified following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, in which thousands of tons of oil and natural gas were released into the Gulf of Mexico. This review focuses on plume dynamics that apply to both single‐phase and multiphase liquid‐in‐liquid and liquid plus gas into liquid plumes, including bubble and droplet formation, and heat and mass transfer. Broadly, our work highlights several previously unknown or overlooked aspects of multiphase flow in the deep oceans. Upstream of the jet release, multiphase hydraulics can significantly affect the turbulence, for instance, through churn flow that enhances the turbulence in the free jet, affecting the conditions where bubbles and droplets are formed. Droplet formation was a major focus recently, with experiments covering a range of scales and flow rates of oil and gas at low and high pressure. Detailed observations of droplet formation at the jet‐water boundary reveal the formation of compound droplets, which are emulsions of oil and water with implications for mass conservation and mass transfer. At the plume scale, integral models have been adapted to include the complex thermodynamics and chemistry of oil and gas plumes. In parallel, significant advances were made in numerical simulations of multiphase plumes through large eddy simulations by treating the oil and gas either a continuous or discrete phase. Through this work, a vivid picture of the complex droplet, chemical, and hydrodynamic behavior of multiphase plumes in the ocean is emerging.
Bortezomib-based induction, high-dose melphalan and lenalidomide maintenance in myeloma up to 70 years of age
Authors: Mai Elias K. , Miah Kaya , Bertsch Uta , Dürig Jan , Scheid Christof , Weisel Katja C. , Kunz Christina , Munder Markus , Lindemann Hans-Walter , Merz Maximilian , Hose Dirk , Jauch Anna , Seckinger Anja , Luntz Steffen , Sauer Sandra , Fuhrmann Stephan , Brossart Peter , Elmaagacli Ahmet , Goerner Martin , Bernhard Helga , Hoffmann Martin , Raab Marc S. , Blau Igor W. , Hänel Mathias , Benner Axel , Salwender Hans J. , Goldschmidt Hartmut ,   for the German-speaking Myeloma Multicenter Group (GMMG)
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntensive upfront therapy in newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) including induction therapy (IT), high-dose melphalan (MEL200), and autologous blood stem cell transplantation (ASCT) followed by consolidation and/or maintenance is mostly restricted to patients up to 65 years of age. Prospective phase III trial data in the era of novel agents for patients up to 70 years of age are not available. The GMMG-MM5 trial included 601 patients between 18 and 70 years of age, divided in three groups for the present analysis: ≤60 years (S1, n = 353), 61–65 years (S2, n = 107) and 66–70 years (S3, n = 141). Treatment consisted of a bortezomib-containing IT, MEL200/ASCT, consolidation, and maintenance with lenalidomide. Adherence to treatment was similar among patients of the three age groups. Overall toxicity during all treatment phases was increased in S2 and S3 compared to S1 (any adverse event/any serious adverse event: S1:81.7/41.8% vs. S2:90.7/56.5% vs. S3:87.2/68.1%, p = 0.05/<0.001). With respect to progression-free survival (log-rank p = 0.73), overall survival (log-rank p = 0.54) as well as time-to-progression (Gray’s p = 0.83) and non-relapse mortality (Gray’s p = 0.25), no differences were found between the three age groups. Our results imply that an intensive upfront therapy with a bortezomib-containing IT, MEL200/ASCT, lenalidomide consolidation, and maintenance should be applied to transplant-eligible MM patients up to 70 years of age.
Multidimensional synthetic chiral-tube lattices via nonlinear frequency conversion
Authors: Wang Kai , Bell Bryn A. , Solntsev Alexander S. , Neshev Dragomir N. , Eggleton Benjamin J. , Sukhorukov Andrey A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGeometrical dimensionality plays a fundamentally important role in the topological effects arising in discrete lattices. Although direct experiments are limited by three spatial dimensions, the research topic of synthetic dimensions implemented by the frequency degree of freedom in photonics is rapidly advancing. The manipulation of light in these artificial lattices is typically realized through electro-optic modulation; yet, their operating bandwidth imposes practical constraints on the range of interactions between different frequency components. Here we propose and experimentally realize all-optical synthetic dimensions involving specially tailored simultaneous short- and long-range interactions between discrete spectral lines mediated by frequency conversion in a nonlinear waveguide. We realize triangular chiral-tube lattices in three-dimensional space and explore their four-dimensional generalization. We implement a synthetic gauge field with nonzero magnetic flux and observe the associated multidimensional dynamics of frequency combs, all within one physical spatial port. We anticipate that our method will provide a new means for the fundamental study of high-dimensional physics and act as an important step towards using topological effects in optical devices operating in the time and frequency domains.
Doubling of the known set of RNA viruses by metagenomic analysis of an aquatic virome
Authors: Wolf Yuri I. , Silas Sukrit , Wang Yongjie , Wu Shuang , Bocek Michael , Kazlauskas Darius , Krupovic Mart , Fire Andrew , Dolja Valerian V. , Koonin Eugene V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRNA viruses in aquatic environments remain poorly studied. Here, we analysed the RNA virome from approximately 10 l water from Yangshan Deep-Water Harbour near the Yangtze River estuary in China and identified more than 4,500 distinct RNA viruses, doubling the previously known set of viruses. Phylogenomic analysis identified several major lineages, roughly, at the taxonomic ranks of class, order and family. The 719-member-strong Yangshan virus assemblage is the sister clade to the expansive class Alsuviricetes and consists of viruses with simple genomes that typically encode only RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), capping enzyme and capsid protein. Several clades within the Yangshan assemblage independently evolved domain permutation in the RdRP. Another previously unknown clade shares ancestry with Potyviridae, the largest known plant virus family. The ‘Aquatic picorna-like viruses/Marnaviridae’ clade was greatly expanded, with more than 800 added viruses. Several RdRP-linked protein domains not previously detected in any RNA viruses were identified, such as the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) domain, phospholipase A2 and PrsW-family protease domain. Multiple viruses utilize alternative genetic codes implying protist (especially ciliate) hosts. The results reveal a vast RNA virome that includes many previously unknown groups. However, phylogenetic analysis of the RdRPs supports the previously established five-branch structure of the RNA virus evolutionary tree, with no additional phyla.
Gas and dust from metal-rich AGB stars
Authors: Ventura P. , Dell’Agli F. , Lugaro M. , Romano D. , Tailo M. , Yagüe A. 
Published: July 2020

Context. Stars evolving through the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase provide significant feedback to their host system, which is both gas enriched in nuclear-burning products, and dust formed in their winds, which they eject into the interstellar medium. Therefore, AGB stars are an essential ingredient for the chemical evolution of the Milky Way and other galaxies.
Aims. We study AGB models with super-solar metallicities to complete our vast database, so far extending from metal-poor to solar-chemical compositions. We provide chemical yields for masses in the range 1−8 M⊙ and metallicities Z = 0.03 and Z = 0.04. We also study dust production in this metallicity domain.
Methods. We calculated the evolutionary sequences from the pre-main sequence through the whole AGB phase. We followed the variation of the surface chemical composition to calculate the chemical yields of the various species and model dust formation in the winds to determine the dust production rate and the total dust mass produced by each star during the AGB phase.
Results. The physical and chemical evolution of the star is sensitive to the initial mass: M >  3 M⊙ stars experience hot bottom burning, whereas the surface chemistry of the lower mass counterparts is altered only by third dredge-up. The carbon-star phase is reached by 2.5−3.5 M⊙ stars of metallicity Z = 0.03, whereas all the Z = 0.04 stars (except the 2.5 M⊙) remain O-rich for the whole AGB phase. Most of the dust produced by metal-rich AGBs is in the form of silicate particles. The total mass of dust produced increases with the mass of the star, reaching ∼0.012 M⊙ for 8 M⊙ stars.
Clary Sage Essential Oil and Its Effect on Human Mood and Pulse Rate: An in vivo Pilot Study
Authors: Mitic Milena , Zrnić Adrijana , Wanner Jürgen , Stappen Iris 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClary sage (Salvia sclarea) is a xerophytic biennial plant typical for the Mediterranean region. It is cultivated for its essential oil, which is widely used in the flavor and fragrance industry as well as in aromatherapy for its relaxing and immunomodulatory effect. In this pilot investigation, clary sage essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS as well as GC-FID and examined regarding its effects on pulse, blood pressure and mood in healthy human female and male subjects. Analysis of the used CSEO identified linalylacetat (61.3%) and linalool (22.1%) as main compounds. Sclareol was found at 0.3%. In the first experiment with 30 participants (with 15 female), CSEO, diluted in peanut oil, was administered to the left forearm, leading to an increase in pulse rate in women (peanut oil served as control). In men, pulse rate deceased over time (p = 0.013). In the second experiment (32 participants; 16 females) the oil was inhaled for 30 min (pure water as control). The
observed decrease of pulse rate was significantly stronger in women than in men (p = 0.026). To evaluate the influence of the mode of application, a comparison of both experiments was performed showing a significant difference between sexes for the parameter of pulse rate (p = 0.034). Overall, the effects elicited by CSEO may depend on application method (inhaled/dermal) and sex (male/female).