bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Draft genome sequence of scale drop disease virus (SDDV) retrieved from metagenomic investigation of infected barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790)
Authors: Kayansamruaj Pattanapon , Soontara Chayanit , Dong Ha T. , Phiwsaiya Kornsunee , Senapin Saengchan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractScale drop disease virus (SDDV) is a novel viral pathogen considered to be distributed in farmed barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in South‐East Asia. Despite the severity of the disease, only limited genomic information related to SDDV is available. In this study, samples of SDDV‐infected fish collected in 2019 were used. The microbiome of brain tissue was investigated using Illumina HiSeq DNA sequencing. Taxonomic analysis showed that SDDV was the main pathogen contained in the affected barramundi. De novo metagenome assembly recovered the SDDV genome, named isolate TH2019, 131 kb in length, and comprised of 135 ORFs. Comparison between this genome and the Singaporean SDDV reference genome revealed that the nucleotide identity within the aligned region was 99.97%. Missense, frameshift, insertion and deletion mutations were identified in 26 ORFs. Deletion of four deduced amino acid sequence in ORF_030L, identical to the SDDV isolate previously identified in Thailand, would be a potential biomarker for future strain classification. Interestingly, the genome of SDDV TH2019 harboured a unique 7,695‐bp‐long genomic region containing six hypothetical protein‐encoded genes. Collectively, this study demonstrated that the SDDV genome can be sequenced directly, although with limited coverage depth, using metagenomic analysis of barramundi sample with severe infection.
Fungi in sands of Mediterranean Sea beaches of Israel—Potential relevance to human health and well‐being
Authors: Frenkel Michael , Yunik Yaron , Fleker Marcelo , Blum Shlomo E. , Sionov Edward , Elad Daniel , Serhan Hanan , Segal Esther 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSand of sea harbour bacteria that may cause enteric and other infections in humans, and are controlled by regulatory measures. Data on fungi in sea sand are scarce. Thus, an international group of mycologists was formed to explore fungal flora in sand of various waterbodies.ObjectivesThe aim was to explore fungal sand contamination in beaches of the Israeli Mediterranean Sea Coast, regarding possible impact on human health in three aspects: (a) faecal contamination, as judged by presence of the human enteric fungi; (b) contamination by fungi, causing dermal infections; (c) and the presence of moulds, causing respiratory allergies and pose a risk for infection in immunocompromised individuals.MethodsThe study included sand screen of six urban beaches from north to south of the Israeli Mediterranean Coast. Sand samples were extracted by water, and the water wash was cultured and quantitated. The fungi were identified phenotypically, by MALDI‐TOF MS system and ITS sequencing.ResultsThe screen revealed that about 80% of the isolates were moulds and about 20% yeasts. The mould species included opportunistic pathogens and potential allergens: Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium and Mucorales species. Yeast isolates included Candida, Cryptococcus and Rhodotorula species.Conclusions(a) Fungi are contaminating Israeli Mediterranean sand beaches; (b) the contaminating fungi include various yeast and mould species; (c) some of the yeasts and mould species found in sand are known opportunistic pathogens, or respiratory allergens; (d) the data could serve as basis for initiating regulatory measures to control fungal contamination of sand for the benefit of public health.
Functional inference on rotational curves under sample‐specific group actions and identification of human gait
Authors: Telschow Fabian J.E. , Pierrynowski Michael R. , Huckemann Stephan F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInspired by the problem of gait reproducibility (reidentifying individuals across doctor's visits) we develop two‐sample permutation tests under a sample‐specific group action on Lie groups with a bi‐invariant Riemannian metric. These tests rely on consistent estimators and pairwise curve alignment. To this end, we propose Gaussian perturbation models and for the special case of curves on the group of 3D rotations we provide asymptotic consistency and, employing a quaternion point of view, fast spatial alignment of pointwise extrinsic mean curves. In our application to rotations of the tibia versus the femur at the knee joint under the spatial action of marker placement and the temporal action of different walking speeds, obtained from an experiment, we solve the problem of gait reproducibility.
Access and use of sexual and reproductive health services among resettled refugee and refugee-claimant women in high-income countries: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Stirling Cameron Emma , Almukhaini Salma , Dol Justine , Aston Megan 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The purpose of this review is to understand access to and use of sexual and reproductive health services among resettled refugees and refugee-claimant women in high-income countries.

Introduction:
Sexual and reproductive health is a critical component of women's well-being and quality of life. Refugee and refugee-claimant women have demonstrated a lower level of sexual health knowledge and reduced usage of sexual and reproductive health services after resettling in high-income countries. This has led to negative outcomes among resettled refugee populations, including unwanted pregnancies and abortion, lower than recommended rates of cervical cancer screening, high rates of sexually transmitted infections, and non-consensual sex. Despite these negative outcomes, no review has been conducted to understand access to and use of sexual and reproductive health services among resettled refugee women in high-income countries.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will seek to identify studies that describe access to and use of sexual and reproductive health services among refugee and refugee-claimant women who have resettled in a high-income country. Evidence from qualitative, quantitative, mixed method studies, and gray literature will be included.

Methods:
This review will be conducted in accordance with JBI methodology for scoping reviews. A comprehensive search strategy, developed with a librarian scientist, will be used to identify relevant sources. Titles, abstracts, and full texts will be evaluated against inclusion criteria. Information will be extracted by two independent reviewers using a screening tool. Data will be synthesized and presented narratively, with tables and figures where appropriate.
Global REACH 2018: The carotid artery diameter response to the cold pressor test is governed by arterial blood pressure during normoxic but not hypoxic conditions in healthy lowlanders and Andean highlanders
Authors: Tymko Michael M. , Hoiland Ryan L. , Vermeulen Tyler D. , Howe Connor A. , Tymko Courtney , Stone Rachel M. , Steinback Craig D. , Steele Andrew R. , Villafuerte Francisco , Vizcardo‐Galindo Gustavo , Mujica Romulo Joseph Figueroa , Ainslie Philip N. 
Published: August 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
What is the impact of oxygen on the circulatory responses to an isocapnic cold pressor test (CPT) in lowlanders and Andean highlanders?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Overall, the circulatory responses to an isocapnic CPT were largely unaltered with acute normobaric hypoxia and chronic hypobaric hypoxia exposure in lowlanders. However, the relationship between mean arterial pressure and common carotid artery diameter was dampened in hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, there were no differences in the circulatory responses to the CPT between lowlanders and Andean highlanders with lifelong exposure to high altitude.

AbstractThe impact of oxygen on the circulatory responses to a cold pressor test (CPT) in lowlanders and Andean highlanders remains unknown. Our hypotheses were as follows: (i) in lowlanders, acute normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia would attenuate the common carotid artery (CCA) diameter response to the CPT compared with normobaric normoxia; (ii) Andean highlanders would exhibit a greater CCA diameter response compared with lowlanders; and (iii) a positive relationship between CCA diameter and blood pressure in response to the CPT would be present in both lowlanders and highlanders. Healthy lowlanders (n = 13) and Andean highlanders (n = 8) were recruited and conducted an isocapnic CPT, which consisted of a 3 min foot immersion into water at 0–1°C. Blood pressure (finger photoplethysmography) and CCA diameter and blood flow (Duplex ultrasound) were recorded continuously. The CPT was conducted in lowlanders at sea level in isocapnic normoxic and hypoxic conditions and after 10 days of acclimatization to 4300 m (Cerro de Pasco, Peru) in hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions. Andean highlanders were tested at rest at high altitude. The main findings were as follows: (i) in lowlanders, normobaric but not hypobaric hypoxia elevated CCA reactivity to the CPT; (ii) no differences in response to the CPT were observed between lowlanders and highlanders; and (iii) although hypobaric hypoxaemia reduced the relationship between CCA diameter and blood pressure compared with normobaric normoxia (P = 0.132), hypobaric hyperoxia improved this relationship (P = 0.012), and no relationship was observed in Andean highlanders (P = 0.261). These data demonstrate that the circulatory responses to a CPT were modified by oxygen in lowlanders, but were unaltered with lifelong hypoxic exposure.
3-D assessment of gaze-induced eye shape deformations and downgaze-induced vitreous chamber volume increase in highly myopic eyes with staphyloma
Authors: Hoang Quan V , Chang Stanley , Yu Daryle Jason Go , Yannuzzi Lawrence A , Freund K Bailey , Grinband Jack 
Published: August 2020

PurposeTo determine if the stress of normal eye movements results in gaze-induced globe deformations, vitreous chamber axial length and vitreous chamber axial volume (VCAV) change in highly myopic eyes.MethodsA prospective imaging study was performed on 82 eyes of 43 patients with high myopia (>27 mm of axial length) with a clinical diagnosis of staphyloma. Three-dimensional MRI scans were acquired while subjects gazed in five directions (primary, nasal, temporal, superior and inferior). Surface renderings were generated, and a processing pipeline was created to automate alignment of the eye and to measure VCAV within 5.5 mm of the visual axis for each eye in every gaze. The degree of gaze-induced globe deformation was determined by calculating the Dice coefficient to assess the degree of overlap of the sclera at each eccentric gaze with that found in primary gaze. Each eccentric gaze VCAV was compared to VCAV in primary gaze using a fixed-effects regression allowing for subject-specific and eye-specific effects.ResultsThe Dice coefficient showed significant gaze-induced eye shape changes in all gazes (all p<0.0001). There were no statistically significant gaze-induced VCAV changes when comparing primary gaze to nasal, temporal or upgaze. However, when changing from primary to downgaze, VCAV was increased by +4.79 mm3 (p=0.002, 95% CI 1.71 to 7.86).ConclusionSignificant gaze-induced globe deformation was noted in all gazes, but a reversible, instantaneous VCAV increase occurred only in downgaze, which is consistent with studies supporting the association of environmental factors such as near work with myopia development and progression.
Automated detection of early-stage ROP using a deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Huang Yo-Ping , Basanta Haobijam , Kang Eugene Yu-Chuan , Chen Kuan-Jen , Hwang Yih-Shiou , Lai Chi-Chun , Campbell John P , Chiang Michael F , Chan Robison Vernon Paul , Kusaka Shunji , Fukushima Yoko , Wu Wei-Chi 
Published: August 2020

Background/AimTo automatically detect and classify the early stages of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN).MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a referral medical centre in Taiwan. Only premature infants with no ROP, stage 1 ROP or stage 2 ROP were enrolled. Overall, 11 372 retinal fundus images were compiled and split into 10 235 images (90%) for training, 1137 (10%) for validation and 244 for testing. A deep CNN was implemented to classify images according to the ROP stage. Data were collected from December 17, 2013 to May 24, 2019 and analysed from December 2018 to January 2020. The metrics of sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were adopted to evaluate the performance of the algorithm relative to the reference standard diagnosis.ResultsThe model was trained using fivefold cross-validation, yielding an average accuracy of 99.93%±0.03 during training and 92.23%±1.39 during testing. The sensitivity and specificity scores of the model were 96.14%±0.87 and 95.95%±0.48, 91.82%±2.03 and 94.50%±0.71, and 89.81%±1.82 and 98.99%±0.40 when predicting no ROP versus ROP, stage 1 ROP versus no ROP and stage 2 ROP, and stage 2 ROP versus no ROP and stage 1 ROP, respectively.ConclusionsThe proposed system can accurately differentiate among ROP early stages and has the potential to help ophthalmologists classify ROP at an early stage.
12-month randomised trial of 360° and 180° Schlemm’s canal incisions in suture trabeculotomy ab interno for open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Sato Tomoki , Kawaji Takahiro 
Published: August 2020

Background/AimsTo perform a 12-month comparison between the different extents and locations of Schlemm’s canal incisions during suture trabeculotomy ab interno for open-angle glaucoma (OAG).MethodsThis is a prospective, single-centre, three-arm randomised trial. A total of 99 eyes of 99 patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the 360° incision group (n=34), the upper-180° incision group (n=34) and the lower-180° incision group (n=31). Intraocular pressure (IOP), number of medications and complications were evaluated until 12 months after surgery. Surgical success (with or without medication) was defined as IOP ≤21 mmHg and ≥20% IOP reduction (criterion A) or IOP ≤15 mmHg and ≥20% IOP reduction (criterion B).ResultsThe mean IOP (±SD) in all eyes was reduced from 18.6 (5.9) mmHg with 3.1 (1.1) medications to 13.7 (3.4) mmHg (20.8% reduction; p<0.001) with 1.4 (1.3) medications (p<0.001) at postoperative 12-month. Each group produced comparable mean reductions in both IOP and the number of medications throughout 12 months of follow-up. Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival analyses showed no significance among these three groups for criterion A and criterion B. Postoperative hyphema with niveau formation occurred significantly more in the 360° group than in the lower-180° group (p=0.031).ConclusionsThe different extents and locations of Schlemm’s canal incisions during suture trabeculotomy ab interno for OAG, including the 360° incision, the upper-180° incision and the lower-180° incision, do not affect both the IOP reduction and the medications throughout 12 months of follow-up.Trial registration numberUMIN000021169.
Keratoconus staging by decades: a baseline ABCD classification of 1000 patients in the Homburg Keratoconus Center
Authors: Flockerzi Elias , Xanthopoulou Kassandra , Goebels Susanne Christiane , Zemova Elena , Razafimino Sonia , Hamon Loïc , Jullien Theresia , Klühspies Ulrike , Eppig Timo , Langenbucher Achim , Seitz Berthold 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThis retrospective cross-sectional study aims to analyse the keratoconus (KC) stage distribution at different ages within the Homburg Keratoconus Center (HKC).Methods1917 corneae (1000 patients) were allocated to decades of age, classified according to Belin’s ABCD KC grading system and the stage distribution was analysed.Results73 per cent (n=728) of the patients were males, 27% (n=272) were females. The highest KC prevalence occurred between 21 and 30 years (n=585 corneae, 294 patients). Regarding anterior (A) and posterior (B) curvature, the frequency of A was significantly higher than B in all age groups for stage 0, 1 and 2 (A0>B0; A1>B1; A2>B2; p<0.03, Wilcoxon matched-pairs test). There was no significant difference between the number of A3 and B3, but significantly more corneae were classified as B4 than A4 in all age groups (p<0.02). The most frequent A|B combinations were A4|B4 (n=451), A0|B0 (n=311), A2|B4 (n=242), A2|B2 (n=189) and A1|B2 (n=154). Concerning thinnest pachymetry (C), most corneae in all age groups were classified as C0>C1>C2>C3>C4 (p<0.04, Wilcoxon matched-pairs test). For the best distance visual acuity (D), a significantly higher number of corneae were classified as D1 compared to D0 (p<0.008; D1>D0>D2>D3>D4).ConclusionThe stage distributions in all age groups were similar. Early KC rather becomes manifest in the posterior than the anterior corneal curvature whereas advanced stages of posterior corneal curvature coincide with early and advanced stages of anterior corneal curvature. Thus, this study emphasises the necessity of posterior corneal surface assessment in KC as enabled by the ABCD grading system.
Ophthalmic adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors: the Mayo Clinic experience
Authors: Fortes Blake Hugo , Liou Harris , Dalvin Lauren A 
Published: August 2020

Background/AimsTo investigate immune-related ophthalmic side effects of systemic checkpoint inhibitors and compare side effect frequency and requirement for cessation of immunotherapy by checkpoint target.MethodsPatients taking immune checkpoint inhibitors at a single centre from January 1, 2010 to February 29, 2020 were retrospectively reviewed for clinical characteristics, treatments and concurrent systemic adverse effects.ResultsOf 996 patients, 28 (2.8%) experienced an ophthalmic side effect that came to the attention of an eye care provider. Mean age at presentation of the side effect was 63 years (median 64, range 25–88). The checkpoint inhibitor most often preceding side effects was pembrolizumab in 12 (43%). The most common side effect was dry eye in 16 (57%), followed by uveitis in 4 (14%) patients, and singular cases of ptosis and binocular diplopia, among others. Ocular surface adverse effects occurred more frequently with programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) targeting therapy. There were no significant differences in the frequency of orbit/ocular adnexa and uveitis or retinal side effects based on checkpoint targets. Follow-up was available in 13 (46%) patients, with mean duration of 20 months (median 16, range 2–52 months). Of these patients, the ophthalmic side effects were controlled without discontinuing therapy in 12 (92%). Checkpoint inhibitor cessation was required in one patient with panuveitis.ConclusionOphthalmic immune-related adverse events are rare but could be more common than previously estimated. PD-L1-directed checkpoint inhibitors may have a slight predilection for ocular surface adverse effects. Most ophthalmic events can be treated with targeted therapy without discontinuation of life-prolonging immunotherapy.
ELFIN, the United Kingdom preterm lactoferrin trial: interpretation and future questions
Authors: Berrington Janet Elizabeth , McGuire William , Embleton Nicholas David 
Published: August 2020

Results from previous studies have suggested that supplemental bovine lactoferrin (BLF) given to preterm infants (<32 weeks gestation) reduces late-onset sepsis (LOS) and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). The Enteral Lactoferrin in Neonates (ELFIN) study, performed in the UK, aimed to further address this issue with a well powered double-blind placebo controlled trial of >2200 preterm infants. The results from ELFIN did not demonstrate a reduction in LOS or NEC, or several other clinically important measures. Of the 1093 infants, 316 (29%) in the intervention group developed late-onset sepsis versus 334 (31%) of 1089 in the control group, with an adjusted risk ratio of 0.95 (95% CI = 0.86–1.04; p = 0.233). Reasons for the differences in ELFIN trial results and other studies may include population differences, the routine use of antifungal prophylaxis in the UK, timing of administration of the lactoferrin in relation to disease onset, or specific properties of the lactoferrin used in the different trials. The UK National Institutes for Health Research funded “Mechanisms Affecting the Guts of Preterm Infants in Enteral feeding trials” (MAGPIE) study is further exploring the use of lactoferrin, and the results should be available soon.
The 11-Item Modified Frailty Index as a Tool to Predict Unplanned Events in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Tracy Brett M. , Carlin Margo N. , Tyson James W. , Schenker Mara L. , Gelbard Rondi B. 
Published: August 2020

Background Frailty has been studied extensively in trauma, but there is minimal research detailing its impact on traumatic brain injury (TBI). We hypothesized that the 11-item modified frailty index (mFI-11) would predict complications and discharge outcomes in patients with TBI. Methods A retrospective review of our trauma quality improvement program (TQIP) registry was conducted for all patients with TBI. The mFI-11 score was calculated for each patient. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between mFI-11 and cardiovascular, infectious, pulmonary, renal, thromboembolic, and unplanned complications (ie, unplanned intensive care unit [ICU] admission, intubation, or return to the operating room). Results There were 2352 patients with TBI of whom 61.6% (n = 1450) were not frail, 19.3% (n = 454) were mildly frail, and 19.1% (n = 448) were moderately to severely frail. Higher frailty scores were associated with increasing age ( P < .0001) and decreasing injury severity score [ISS] ( P = 0.001). Higher frailty scores also correlated with increasing rates of a skilled nursing facility/long-term acute care hospital/rehabilitation discharge ( P = .0002). On multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, ISS, mechanism, and sex, moderate to severe frailty increased the odds of acute kidney injury (odds ratio [OR] 2.06, 95% CI 1.07-3.99, P = .03) and any unplanned event (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3, P = .01). Conclusion Frailty measured by the mFI-11 is associated with greater rates of discharge to unfavorable locations and increased odds of acute kidney injury and unplanned events among patients with TBI. These findings suggest that frail patients with TBIs require greater vigilance to avoid such unanticipated outcomes.