bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Новая коронавирусная инфекция и хроническая профессиональная легочная патология в Ростовской области (аналитический обзор)
Authors: Алешукина Анна , Твердохлебова Татьяна 
Published: August 2020

Реферат. Аналитический обзор «Новая коронавирусная инфекция и хроническая профессиональная легочная патология в Ростовской области» состоит из двух частей: Антропогенная нагрузка и пандемия новой коронавирусной инфекции и Новая коронавирусная инфекция и хроническая профессиональная легочная патология в Ростовской области. Цель обзора - обратить внимание на важность состояния объектов окружающей среды в регионах для возникновения и распространения острых респираторных вирусных инфекций (на примере новой коронавирусной инфекции). Анализ литературы и доступных источников интернет-ресурсов показал зависимость между количеством зараженных COVID-19 и величиной антропогенной нагрузки в странах с высокой плотностью населения. Донской регион в соответствии с данными Роспотребнадзора был отнесен к среднему кластеру по влиянию на состояние здоровья населения санитарно-гигиенических факторов (при сильном влиянии санитарно-гигиенических факторов на локальном уровне) на фоне среднего влияния социально-экономических факторов и среднего влияния факторов образа жизни ( кластер 3). Анализ встречаемости профессиональных заболеваний легких в районе Донецкого угольного бассейна на территории Ростовской области и данных по новой коронавирусной инфекии показал тенденции прямой тесной корреляции анализируемых признаков - чем больше зафиксировано случаев хронической легочной профессиональной заболеваемости в административных единицах, тем выше в них заболеваемость новой коронавирусной инфекцией и летальность от нее. Наличие возбудителя коронавирусной инфекции с тропизмом к дыхательным путям человека в сочетании с восприимчивостью к вирусам людей с хронической легочной патологией (основной или коморбидной) в Ростовской области создает реальные неблагоприятные предпосылки к развитию эпидемического процесса со склонностью к пандемии с развитием ТОРС и летальными исходами. COVID-19 в Донском регионе показал, что даже при среднем уровне экологической опасности при наличии двух основных факторов эпидпроцесса имеются серьезные предпосылки для возникновения воздушно-капельного или воздушно-пылевого инфекционного процесса. Анализ этих предположений требует дополнительного исследования во избежание повторения эпидемиологической ситуации.
Ключевые слова: COVID-19, новая коронавирусная инфекция, антропогенная нагрузка, хронические профессиональные заболевания легких, Ростовская область.
The effect of anti-cancer and anti-tuberculosis treatments in lung cancer patients with active tuberculosis: a retrospective analysis
Authors: CHAI MEI , Shi Qingming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Lung tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer have a complex relationship. Data concerning TB treatment in lung cancer patients are still incomplete. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of anti-cancer and anti-tuberculosis treatments in lung cancer patients with active lung TB. Methods In a retrospective cohort study, lung cancer patients with active lung TB were identified between January 2013 and December 2016. Age- and sex-matched lung cancer patients without tuberculosis were selected as control subjects. Anti-cancer and anti-tuberculosis treatments were administered according to the national guidelines. The clinical courses and responses of lung cancer patients with and without active lung TB were examined and compared.Results A total of 31 consecutive lung cancer patients were diagnosed with active lung TB. Fifty-one lung cancer patients without TB were enrolled as control subjects. Most patients in the two groups were elderly, had advanced non-small cell lung cancer and had tumor burdens. The anti-cancer treatment completion rate and response rate were not different between two group (87.1% in TB treatment patients vs. 92.2% in lung cancer patients; 77.4% in TB treatment patients vs. 88.2% in lung cancer patients, respectively). The anti-tuberculosis treatment completion rate and success rate was 87.1% and 80.7%. The median survival times were not different between two groups (52 weeks in TB treatment patients vs. 57 weeks in lung cancer patients). The change in Karnofsky performance score was also not different between two groups. The most common side effect in TB treatment patients was liver injury (61.3%). The most serious side effect in TB treatment patients was leukocyte deficiency (9.7% in Grade 3). Both of side effects mentioned above were not different between two groups. Conclusion Both anti-cancer and anti-tuberculosis treatments can be safely and effectively administered in lung cancer patients with active lung TB. Attention should be paid to the risk of tuberculosis in lung cancer patients in TB high-burden countries.
Evolution of pathogen response genes associated with increased disease susceptibility during adaptation to an extreme drought in a Brassica rapa plant population
Authors: O'Hara Niamh Breda , Franks Steven J , Kane Nolan C , Tittes Silas , Rest Joshua S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogens are key components in natural and agricultural plant systems. There is evidence of evolutionary changes in disease susceptibility as a consequence of climate change, but we know little about the underlying genetic basis of this evolution. To address this, we took advantage of a historical seed collection of a Brassica rapa population, which we previously demonstrated evolved an increase in disease susceptibility to a necrotrophic fungal pathogen following a drought. RESULTS Previously, we combined a resurrection experiment with genome-wide sequencing of 124 pooled ancestral and descendant plants. Here, using these previously generated sequence data (Franks et al, 2016), we show that well-characterized necrotrophic fungal pathogen response (NFPR) genes have evolved, as indicated by changes in allele frequency, between ancestors and descendants, with several of them identified as extreme FST outliers. The jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway in particular seems to underlie the evolution of disease susceptibility, in addition to its well characterized role in plastic disease response. We identify a list of 260 genes that are both NFPR genes and are differentially expressed in response to drought, based on publicly available data. We present evidence that five of these genes evolved between ancestors and descendants, suggesting that the drought acted as the evolutionary driver, and that the accompanying increase in disease susceptibility may have been a consequence of genetic pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that for this population, standing variation in NFPR genes is affected by natural selection related to climate change. Our results reveal potentially important candidates that may underlie trait evolution in both crops and natural systems. Additionally, this trade-off between adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses is an example of how climate change can have diverse and unexpected consequences.
Comparison of Out-of-pocket Expenditure and Catastrophic Health Expenditure for Severe Disease by Health Security System: based on End-stage Renal Disease in South Korea
Authors: Shin Sun Mi , Lee Hee Woo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Korea's health security system named National Health Insurance and Medical Aid has revolutionized the nation's mandatory health insurance and continues to reduce excessive copayments. However, few have been studied on healthcare utilization and expenditure according to the health security system in case of severe disease. This study looked at reverse discrimination within End-stage Renal Disease between National Health Insurance and Medical Aid. Methods: Subjects were a total of 305 diagnosed with End-stage Renal Disease in Korea Health Panel from 2008 to 2013. Chi-square, t-test, and ANCOVA were conducted to identify healthcare utilization rate, out-of-pocket expenditure, and prevalence of catastrophic expenditure. Mixed effect panel analysis was used to evaluate total out-of-pocket expenditure over a 6-year trend by National Health Insurance and Medical Aid. Results: There were no significant differences in healthcare utilization rate in emergency-room visits, admission, or out-patient department visits between National Health Insurance and Medical Aid because healthcare service was essential for a serious disease such as End-stage Renal Disease. Meanwhile, each out-of-pocket expenditure for admission and out-patient department in National Health Insurance was 2.6 and 3.1 times higher than Medical Aid (P<0.05). A total of out-of-pocket expenditure including emergency-room visits, admission, out-patient department visits, and prescribed drug expenditure was 2.9 times higher in National Health Insurance than those of Medical Aid (P<0.001). Over a 6-year trend for a total of out-of-pocket expenditure, subjects with National Health Insurance spent more than those of Medical Aid (P<0.01). If total household income decile was less than the median and subjects were covered by National Health Insurance, the catastrophic health expenditure rate was 92.2%, but 58.8% in Medical Aid (P<0.001). Conclusion: Serious disease such as End-stage Renal Disease can result in reverse discrimination depending on the type of health security system. It is necessary to consider those who belong to National Health Insurance but are still poor.
Segmental artery clamping versus main renal artery clamping in nephron-sparing surgery: Updated meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Jinhong , Xu Shuxiong , Yao Biao , Xu Run , Xu YuanGao , Sun Fa , Qiu Qian , Shi Hua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives Ischemia–reperfusion injury is harmful in partial nephrectomy (PN) in renal cell carcinoma. Choosing an appropriate surgical method is important to reduce ischemia–reperfusion injury. This study aimed to compare the effect of segmental artery clamping (SAC) and main renal artery clamping (MAC) on patients who underwent PN. Methods: Studies from January 2008 to November 2019 were identified by an electronic search of English and Chinese databases, including PubMed, Excerpt Medica Database, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, VIP, and Chinese National Knowledge Internet, without language restriction. Two reviewers were involved in the trial. The effects on operation time (OT), warm ischemia time (WIT), length of hospital stay (LOS), blood transfusion rate, postoperative complication rate, Clavien classification (≥3), and positive surgery margin (PSM) were evaluated using Stata software. Standardized mean difference (SMD, for continuous data) and pooled odds ratios (for count data) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as effect indicators. Results: Thirty-two studies were included. SAC decreased the 1-week (SMD=−0.973; 95% CI=−1.414, −0.532; P=0.000), 1-month (SMD=−0.411; 95% CI=−0.769, −0.053; P=0.025), and 3-month (affected kidney: SMD=−0.914; 95% CI=−1.662, −0.617; P=0.000) percentages of postoperative changes in renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate) between the SAC and MAC groups. Sub-group analysis showed that the SAC group had longer OT (SMD=0.562; 95% CI=0.252, 0.871; P=0.000) than the MAC group. However, no differences were observed in the OT, WIT, LOS, blood transfusion rate, postoperative complication rate, Clavien classification (≥3), and PSM between the two groups. Conclusions: SAC is superior to MAC in terms of short-term postoperative renal function recovery. The use of SAC or MAC depends on tumor size, location, surgical modality, and surgeon’s judgments.
Considerations for the design of nutrition-sensitive production programmes in rural South Africa
Authors: Hendriks Sheryl L , Viljoen Annemarie , Marais Diana , Wenhold Friede AM , McIntyre Angela M , Ngidi Mjabuliseni S , Annandale John G , Kalaba MMatlou , Stewart Duncan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Very little has been researched about the efficacy, effectiveness, feasibility, sustainability and impact of food-based approaches on the diets and nutritional status of populations at risk of hunger and food insecurity. This study contributes knowledge about the impact of food-based approaches on the diets of populations at risk of hunger and food insecurity in four of the poorest rural communities in South Africa. The study investigated the consumption and production patterns of rural households (278 in summer and 280 in winter) in four sites in the poorest municipalities in South Africa.
Methods
A multistage stratified random sampling technique was applied to identify the communities and sample households for the quantitative survey and qualitative assessments. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected between 2013 and 2015 through focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews and the two-round panel survey to cover both the summer and winter seasons at each site.
Results
Home gardening led to a significant positive increase in the consumption of white roots and tubers, dark green leafy vegetables, orange-coloured fruit and other fruit in the 24 hours prior to the survey. Participation in a community garden led to significant increases in the consumption of dark green leafy vegetables and other vegetables. School gardening did not demonstrate any statistical relationships with the consumption of foods from the crop-related food groups. Crop production improved dietary diversity. Selling produce and irrigation showed a stronger improvement in dietary diversity. Seasonality affected the availability of fresh fruit and vegetables for home consumption in winter
Conclusions
Producing beyond that solely for home consumption has greater benefits for dietary diversity and a consumption-smoothing effect during the post-harvest period. Politicians and the scientific community should recognise the role that household and small-scale crop production plays in supporting household consumption and the provision of essential micronutrients despite constraints and disincentives. Production and education programmes should focus on strengthening existing good consumption patterns and promoting the consumption of foods that can improve dietary diversity.
Comparative analysis, applications, and interpretation of electronic health record-based stroke phenotyping methods
Authors: Thangaraj Phyllis , Kummer Benjamin R , Lorberbaum Tal , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Tatonetti Nicholas P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Accurate identification of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patient cohorts is essential for a wide range of clinical investigations. Automated phenotyping methods that leverage electronic health records (EHRs) represent a fundamentally new approach cohort identification without current laborious and ungeneralizable generation of phenotyping algorithms. We systematically compared and evaluated the ability of machine learning algorithms and case-control combinations to phenotype acute ischemic stroke patients using data from an EHR.Materials and Methods: Using structured patient data from the EHR at a tertiary-care hospital system, we built and evaluated machine learning models to identify patients with AIS based on 75 different case-control and classifier combinations. We then estimated the prevalence of AIS patients across the EHR. Finally, we externally validated the ability of the models to detect AIS patients without AIS diagnosis codes using the UK Biobank.Results: Across all models, we found that the mean AUROC for detecting AIS was 0.963±0.0520 and average precision score 0.790±0.196 with minimal feature processing. Classifiers trained with cases with AIS diagnosis codes and controls with no cerebrovascular disease codes had the best average F1 score (0.832±0.0383). In the external validation, we found that the top probabilities from a model-predicted AIS cohort were significantly enriched for AIS patients without AIS diagnosis codes (60-150 fold over expected). Conclusions: Our findings support machine learning algorithms as a generalizable way to accurately identify AIS patients without using process-intensive manual feature curation. When a set of AIS patients is unavailable, diagnosis codes may be used to train classifier models.
Multi-measure assessment of adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among children under five years living with HIV in Jinja, Uganda
Authors: Ssanyu Jacquellyn Nambi , Nakafeero Mary , Nuwaha Fred 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) is required to achieve HIV viral load suppression. However, children under five years in Jinja, Uganda, had been shown to have low HIV suppression rates. This study aimed to determine the level of ART non-adherence among these children and the associated factors.Methods: Data for the cross-sectional study was collected from April to July, 2019 from caregivers of 206 children under five years living with HIV who were attending health facilities in Jinja and had been on ART for at least three months. Non-adherence was measured using a Visual Analog Scale that assessed both dosing and timing non-adherence, and by determining the Proportion of Days Covered by the medication. A questionnaire administered to the caregivers was used to collect the data, together with medical record review. A child was only considered adherent if they had adherence greater than 95% on all the measures. The data was analysed using Modified Poisson Regression, taking a p-value less than 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Of the 206 children, 73.8% were older than 2 years, and 52.9% were female. Likewise, the majority of the caregivers were female (93.7%). Using the combined adherence measure, 57.3% of the children were categorized as non-adherent. School/day-care attendance, Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 1.25 (p = 0.042), the caregiver having higher than a primary school education, PR = 0.72 (p = 0.044) and satisfaction with the quality of service at the health facility, PR = 0.97 (p <0.001) were associated with non-adherence. Household food insecurity was also associated with non-adherence: PR = 1.55 (p = 0.011) for mild food insecurity, PR= 1.75 (p = 0.001) for moderate insecurity and PR = 1.48 (p = 0.015) for severe food insecurity. Conclusions: Children under five years in Jinja had a high level of ART non-adherence. It is important to engage schools to support adherence among children living with HIV. Addressing household food insecurity and improving the quality of paediatric ART services would also reduce the barriers to optimal adherence.
Development of a patient-reported outcome questionnaire for aplastic anemia and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PRO-AA/PNH)
Authors: Weisshaar Kimmo , Ewald Hannah , Halter Jörg P. , Gerull Sabine , Schönfeld Sandra , Senft Yuliya , Martinez Maria , Leuppi-Taegtmeyer Anne B. , Khanna Nina , Maier Birgit , Risitano Antonio M. , de Latour Regis Peffault , Tichelli Andre , Passweg Jakob R. , Drexler Beatrice 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The introduction of new therapy modalities has significantly improved the outcome of aplastic anemia (AA) and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients. However, relatively little is known about the exact disease burden of AA/PNH since standardized assessments of symptoms including health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are frequently missing or inadequately designed for this rare patient group. We aimed to develop AA/PNH-specific questionnaires for self-reporting of symptoms, which could be included in electronic platforms for data collection and patient care. Methods: By scoping review, we extracted any reported symptoms in AA/PNH and their prevalence from the literature (Phase I). Consensus rounds with patients and medical experts were conducted to identify core symptoms reported in the literature and to add missing items (Phase II). Ultimately, AA/PNH-specific patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires including the selected measures were designed (Phase III). Results: AA symptoms from 62 and PNH symptoms from 45 observational studies were extracted from the literature. Twenty-four patients and seven medical experts identified 11 core symptoms including HRQoL issues after three consensus rounds. Significant differences in the symptom ranking of patients versus medical experts could be observed. Therefore, patient- as well as expert-centered PRO questionnaires in AA and PNH were created following the concepts of validated instruments.Conclusion: The development of symptom self-reporting questionnaires for AA and PNH was feasible and the disease-specific PRO questionnaires can now be validated within a web-based workflow in a subsequent feasibility study.
Oncogenic miR-20b-5p contributes to malignant behaviors of breast cancer stem cells by bidirectionally regulating CCND1 and E2F1
Authors: xia liqin , li feng , qiu jun , feng zhongming , xu zihan , chen xiewan , chen zhengtang , Sun Jian-Guo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Therefore, it is of great significance to identify the biological mechanism of tumorigenesis and explore the development of breast cancer to achieve a better prognosis for individuals suffering from breast cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have become a hot topic in cancer research, but the underlying mechanism of its involvement in cancer remains unclear. Methods: The miRNA profile between breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs, CD44+CD24-/low) and control MCF-7 breast cancer cells was obtained in a previous study. Based on biological analysis, miR-20b-5p was hypothesized to be a key factor due to the malignant behavior of BCSCs. Then, agomir-20b-5p and antagomir-20b-5p were transfected into MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells to detect cell migration, wound healing and proliferation, and lentivirus vectors silencing or overexpressing miR-20b-5p were transfected into T47D-CSCs to detect proliferation and apoptosis. The effect of miR-20b-5p on xenograft growth was investigated in vivo by transfection of a lentivirus-overexpression vector into T47D cells. The target genes were predicted by the online programs picTar, miRanda and TargetScan and verified by dual luciferase assay, and changes in protein expression were detected by western blot. Results: MiR-20b-5p had the highest degree in both the miRNA-gene network and miRNA-GO network to regulate BCSCs. Overexpression of miR-20b-5p significantly promoted the migration and wound healing ability of MCF-7 cells and T47D cells compared with the control (P < 0.05). In addition, miR-20b-5p facilitated the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and T47D-CSCs (P < 0.05) and inhibited the apoptosis of T47D-CSCs (P < 0.05). Moreover, miR-20b-5p promoted xenograft growth compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Accordingly, potential targets of both CCND1 and E2F1 were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. MiR-20b-5p directly targeted both CCND1 and E2F1 in a dual luciferase assay, while antagomir-20b-5p downregulated the protein levels of CCND1 and E2F1.Conclusions: Oncogenic miR-20b-5p was confirmed to promote the malignant behaviors of breast cancer cells and BCSCs. The underlying mechanism lies in that miR-20b-5p overall enhanced both CCND1 and E2F1 targets via bidirectional regulation probably involving direct downregulation and indirect upregulation.