bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abusive Head Trauma and a Delay in Presentation for Care
Authors: Kennedy Juliana M. , Ma Jihyun , Lyden Elizabeth R. , Haney Suzanne B. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives
Abusive head trauma (AHT) is the leading cause of death from trauma in children less than 2 years of age. A delay in presentation for care has been reported as a risk factor for abuse; however, there has been limited research on this topic. We compare children diagnosed with AHT to children diagnosed with accidental head trauma to determine if there is a delay in presentation.

Methods
We retrospectively studied children less than 6 years old who had acute head injury and were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit at a pediatric hospital from 2013 to 2017. Cases were reviewed to determine the duration from symptom onset to presentation to care and the nature of the head injury (abusive vs accidental).

Results
A total of 59 children met inclusion criteria. Patients who had AHT were significantly more likely to present to care more than 30 minutes after symptom onset (P = 0.0015). Children who had AHT were more likely to be younger (median, 4 vs 31 months; P < 0.0001) and receive Medicaid (P < 0.0001) than those who had accidental head trauma. Patients who had AHT were more likely to have a longer length of stay (median, 11 vs 3 days; P < 0.0001) and were less likely to be discharged home than patients who had accidental head trauma (38% vs 84%; P = 0.0005).

Conclusions
Children who had AHT were more likely to have a delayed presentation for care as compared with children whose head trauma was accidental. A delay in care should prompt clinicians to strongly consider a workup for abusive injury.
Paraglaciecola marina sp. nov., isolated from marine alga (Sargassum natans (L.) Gaillon)
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Yao , Liu Tingwei , Zhu Xiang , Ma Jin , Su Xiaoman , Kang Jing , Guo Changjiang 
Published: July 2020

A novel Gram-stain-negative, straight or curved rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum, designated D3211T, was isolated from marine alga collected at the seashore of Yantai, PR China. The organism grew optimally at 24 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain D3211T contained ubiquinone 8 as the major respiratory quinone and C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 1 B and/or iso-C17 : 1 I as the major fatty acids. The predominant polar lipids of strain D3211T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content of strain D3211T was 39.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the novel strain was related most closely to

Paraglaciecola arctica

BSs20135T,

Paraglaciecola aestuariivivens

JDTF-33T,

Paraglaciecola aquimarina

KCTC 32108T,

Paraglaciecola mesophila

DSM 15026T,

Paraglaciecola psychrophila

JCM 13954T and

Paraglaciecola polaris

ARK 150T with 97.6, 97.6, 97.5, 97.4, 97.3 and 97.1 % sequence similarities, respectively. Calculated average nucleotide identity and DNA–DNAhybridization values between strain D3211T and its phylogenetically related

Paraglaciecola

species were in the range 70.2–73.4 % and 19.1–20.4 %, respectively. On the basis of polyphasic analyses, strain D3211T represents a novel species of the genus

Paraglaciecola

, for which the name Paraglaciecola marina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D3211T (=KCTC 72122T=MCCC 1K03603T).
Inverted covariate effects for mutated 2nd vs 1st wave Covid-19: high temperature spread biased for young
Authors: Seligmann Hervé , Iggui Siham , Rachdi Mustapha , Vuillerme Nicolas , Demongeot Jacques 
Published: July 2020

Abstract(1)BackgroundHere, we characterize COVID-19 2nd waves, following a study presenting negative associations between 1st wave COVID-19 spread parameters and temperature;(2)MethodsVisual examinations of daily increase in confirmed COVID-19 cases in 124 countries, determined 1st and 2ndwaves in 28 countries;(3)Results1st wave spread rate increases with country mean elevation, temperature, time since wave onset, and median age. Spread rates decrease above 1000m, indicating high UV decrease spread rate. For 2nd waves, associations are opposite: viruses adapted to high temperature and to infect young populations. Earliest 2nd waves started April 5-7 at mutagenic high elevations (Armenia, Algeria). 2nd waves occurred also at warm-to-cold season transition (Argentina, Chile). Spread decreases in most (77%) countries. Death-to-total case ratios decrease during the 2ndwave, also when comparing with the same period for countries where the 1st wave is ongoing. In countries with late 1st wave onset, spread rates fit better 2nd than 1st wave-temperature patterns; In countries with ageing populations (examples: Japan, Sweden, Ukraine), 2nd waves only adapted to spread at higher temperatures, not to infect children.(4)Conclusions1st wave viruses evolved towards lower spread and mortality. 2nd wave mutant COVID-19 strain(s) adapted to higher temperature, infecting children and replace (also in cold conditions) 1st wave COVID-19 strains. Counterintuitively, low spread strains replace high spread strains, rendering prognostics and extrapolations uncertain.
Initial experience in Mexico with convalescent plasma in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory failure, a retrospective case series
Authors: Martinez-Resendez Michel F. , Castilleja-Leal Fernando , Torres-Quintanilla Alejandro , Rojas-Martinez Augusto , Garcia-Rivas Gerardo , Ortiz-Lopez Rocio , Trevino Victor , Lara-Medrano Reynaldo , Villanueva-Lozano Hiram , Ramirez-Elizondo Teresa , Sanchez-Nava Victor M. , Moreno-Hoyos Francisco , Martinez-Thomae Alfonso , Hernández-Torre Martin , Diaz-Olachea Carlos , Cardona-Huerta Servando , de la Rosa-Pacheco Sylvia , Diaz-Garza Carlos , Reynoso-Lobo Paola , Marroquin-Escamilla Alma R. , Herrera-Gamboa Jessica G. , Alvarado-Monroy Fatima M. , Aguayo-Millan Claudia D. , Villegas-Macedo Francisco F. , Flores-Osorio Jesus Efrain , Davila-Gonzalez Daniel , Diaz-Sanchez María Eugenia , Torre-Amione Guillermo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionHospital mortality due to COVID-19 in Mexico is high (32%) and as of today, effective treatment options are limited. More effective treatments that shorten hospital stay and reduce mortality are needed. Initial reports for the use of convalescent plasma (CP) therapy for COVID-19 appear promising. We describe a case series of eight patients with impending respiratory failure, who underwent CP therapy.MethodsSix male and two female (ages 31 to 79) patients that were admitted to the intensive-care unit for severe COVID-19 were transfused with two doses of CP (250 mL per dose, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers > 1:100). Donors were six SARS-CoV-2 infected males who remained asymptomatic for > 7 days and were negative for two nasopharyngeal RT-PCR tests. Clinical characteristics, inflammatory and cellular injury markers, chest X-ray findings and viral loads were analyzed before and after CP administration. Viral load association to disease severity was further analyzed on a separate cohort of asymptomatic vs hospitalized patients with COVID-19.ResultsEight patients with respiratory failure were successfully discharged with a median length of stay of 22.5 (IQR 18.25-29.00). After CP therapy, we observed a reduction of C-reactive protein (CRP) (median, 22.80 mg/dL vs. 1.63 mg/dL), and of procalcitonin (median, 0.27 ng/mL vs. 0.13 ng/mL). High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I (hs-cTnI), Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) were lower, and a mild reduction of pulmonary infiltrates by chest X-ray was observed. Lastly, a reduction of viral load was after CP therapy was found. (log, median [IQR], 1.2 [0.70-2.20] vs. 0.25 [0.00-1.78]). We observed no adverse effects.ConclusionsCP could potentially be an effective therapeutic option for patients with severe COVID-19. Clinical benefit needs to be studied further through randomized controlled trials.
Integrating Remote Monitoring into Heart Failure Patients’ Care Regimen: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sohn Albert , Speier William , Lan Esther , Aoki Kymberly , Fonarow Gregg C , Ong Michael K , Arnold Corey W 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundHeart failure is a debilitating disease affecting millions of adults in the United States, often leading to hospitalizations and hospital readmissions. Around 50% of readmissions due to heart failure are preventable, with lack of adherence to prescribed self-care as a driving factor. Remote tracking and reminders issued by mobile health devices such as activity trackers and smartphone apps could help to promote self-care, which could potentially reduce these readmissions.ObjectiveThis pilot study used minimally-invasive monitoring technologies and patient-reported outcomes to examine the pragmatic feasibility of a remote monitoring regimen.MethodsTwenty heart failure patients participated in piloting a remote monitoring regimen. Data collection included: (1) continuous remote monitoring using wrist-worn consumer activity trackers; (2) body weight recording using bathroom scales; (3) dose tracking using smart pill bottles; and (4) patient-reported outcome measures.ResultsParticipants were aged 65.3 years on average, 50.0% of the participants were women, and 81.8% of the participants were determined to be New York Heart Association Class III or higher. Over the course of the study, 60.0% of the subjects wore the activity tracker for at least 70% of the hours, and 45.0% used the bathroom scale for more than 70% of the days. For the smart pill bottle, 55.0% of the subjects used it less than 10% of the days. Usage of the activity tracker correlated significantly with changes in Self-Care of Heart Failure Index confidence subscale scores and changes in Seattle Angina Questionnaire scores (P< .05), and usage of the bathroom scale correlated significantly with changes in Seattle Angina Questionnaire scores (P= .04).ConclusionsThe majority of the participants maintained a high adherence to wearing the activity tracker, but had low adherence to using the smart pill bottle. Usage of the bathroom scale was fair, but it received positive reviews from most subjects. Given the observed usage and feedback, we suggest that mobile health-driven interventions consider including an activity tracker and bathroom scale. Furthermore, the data’s correlations with changes in patient-reported outcomes indicate the potential for these devices to be an effective way to remotely monitor heart failure patients.
Are countries’ precautionary actions against COVID-19 effective? An assessment study of 175 countries worldwide
Authors: Alshammari Thamir M. , Alenzi Khalidah A. , Alnofal Fatemah A , Fradees Ghada , Altebainawi Ali F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected many countries negatively, particularly in terms of their health care and financial systems. Numerous countries have attempted to employ precautions to address this pandemic. This study was aimed at exploring and assessing the precautionary actions taken by 175 countries on six continents to prevent the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).MethodsAn observational study was conducted based on data collected during the period from December 31, 2019, until the end of April 2020. Several data were extracted, including information related to the date of the first reported case of SARS-CoV-2, total confirmed cases, total active cases, and more. In addition, seven validated indicators were used to assess the countries’ preparedness and precautionary actions.FindingsA total of 175 countries were included in the study. The total COVID-19 infection rate increased exponentially and rapidly in North America and Europe from March to April. The application of the precautions (indicators) varied between countries. School closures, quarantines and curfews were the most applied indicators among all countries. As for the relationship between the indicators and their effects on the infection rate, Italy and Spain were the top countries in Europe and adopted all indicators. Nevertheless, they faced high infection rates: 239,639 and 205,463 COVID-19 cases in Spain, and Italy, respectively.InterpretationThe precautionary actions might have played a role in limiting the spread of COVID-19 in several countries. However, many countries did not benefit from applying these indicators.FundingNo funding sources have been used for this work
“A cross-sectional case-control study of sexual dysfunction and associated depression in postmenopausal incontinent women.”
Authors: Kaur Tanudeep , Kumari Rajesh , Sharma Jai Bhagwan , Pandey Kavita , Uppal Bharti , Sinha Deb Koushik , Anukriti Kumari 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundFemale sexual dysfunction (FSD) has higher prevalence in postmenopausal women especially with urinary incontinence (UI) and coital incontinence (CI). This study was attempted as there is dearth of literature to quantify FSD, CI and depression in UI women and their correlation with each other especially in Indian scenario.AimAim of this study was to determine the prevalence of FSD, CI and depression in postmenopausal UI women.Material and MethodsCross-sectional case-control study of 100 menopausal women with previously diagnosed UI with matching controls over period of 3 months were analyzed for the prevalence of FSD, CI and depression using validated questionnaires like Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Primary Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Statistical Analysis was performed using SPSS version 19.0.ResultsUI is independently associated with FSD, CI and depression (p < 0.001) with prevalence of 100%, 83%, and 100% respectively for cases versus 5%, 6%, and 4% respectively for controls. FSD and CI are also independently associated with depression (p < 0.001). Combined FSD with UI and CI with UI are also significantly associated with depression.ConclusionUI is independently associated with FSD, CI and depression. FSD and CI are also independently associated with depression. UI is the major determinant of depression in those with both FSD and UI or CI and UI.Key Message PointsFemale sexual dysfunction is rampant in menopausal women especially the ones who are incontinent, which jeopardizes their quality of life.Sexually dysfunctional incontinent females feel socially outcast and are moderate to severely depressed and need addressal.There is a dearth of literature as regards to this issue in the society which needs to be explored, hence an attempt has been made
Outcomes of Mechanically Ventilated Patients with COVID-19 Associated Respiratory Failure
Authors: King Christopher S. , Sahjwani Dhwani , Brown A. Whitney , Feroz Saad , Cameron Paula , Osborn Erik , Desai Mehul , Djurkovic Svetolik , Kasarabada Aditya , Hinerman Rachel , Lantry James , Shlobin Oksana A. , Ahmad Kareem , Khangoora Vikramjit , Aryal Shambhu , Collins A. Claire , Speir Alan , Nathan Steven 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeThe outcomes of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for COVID-19 remain poorly defined. We sought to determine clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 managed with invasive mechanical ventilation in an appropriately resourced US health care system.MethodsOutcomes of COVID-19 infected patients requiring mechanical ventilation treated within the Inova Health System between March 5, 2020 and April 26, 2020 were evaluated through an electronic medical record review.Results1023 COVID-19 positive patients were admitted to the Inova Health System during the study period. Of these, 165 (16.1%) were managed with invasive mechanical ventilation. At the time of data censoring, 63/165 patients (38.1%) had died and 102/165 (61.8%) were still alive. Of the surviving 102 patients, 17 (10.3%) remained on mechanical ventilation, 51 (30.9%) were extubated but remained hospitalized, and 34 (20.6%) had been discharged. Deceased patients were older (median age of 66 vs. 55, p <0.0001). 75.7% of patients over 70 years old had died at the time of data analysis. Conversely, % of patients age 70 or younger were still alive at the time of data analysis. Younger age, non-Caucasian race and treatment at a tertiary care center were all associated with survivor status.ConclusionMortality of patients with COVID-19 requiring invasive mechanical ventilation is high, with particularly daunting mortality seen in patients of advanced age, even in a well-resourced health care system. A substantial proportion of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation were not of advanced age, and this group had a reasonable chance for recovery.
A high-resolution HLA reference panel capturing global population diversity enables multi-ethnic fine-mapping in HIV host response
Authors: Luo Yang , Kanai Masahiro , Choi Wanson , Li Xinyi , Yamamoto Kenichi , Ogawa Kotaro , Gutierrez-Arcelus Maria , Gregersen Peter K. , Stuart Philip E. , Elder James T. , Fellay Jacques , Carrington Mary , Haas David W. , Guo Xiuqing , Palmer Nicholette D. , Chen Yii-Der Ida , Rotter Jerome. I. , Taylor Kent. D. , Rich Stephen. S. , Correa Adolfo , Wilson James G. , Kathiresan Sekar , Cho Michael H. , Metspalu Andres , Esko Tonu , Okada Yukinori , Han Buhm ,   NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium, McLaren Paul J. , Raychaudhuri Soumya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDefining causal variation by fine-mapping can be more effective in multi-ethnic genetic studies, particularly in regions such as the MHC with highly population-specific structure. To enable such studies, we constructed a large (N=21,546) high resolution HLA reference panel spanning five global populations based on whole-genome sequencing data. Expectedly, we observed unique long-range HLA haplotypes within each population group. Despite this, we demonstrated consistently accurate imputation at G-group resolution (94.2%, 93.7%, 97.8% and 93.7% in Admixed African (AA), East Asian (EAS), European (EUR) and Latino (LAT)). We jointly analyzed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of HIV-1 viral load from EUR, AA and LAT populations. Our analysis pinpointed the MHC association to three amino acid positions (97, 67 and 156) marking three consecutive pockets (C, B and D) within the HLA-B peptide binding groove, explaining 12.9% of trait variance, and obviating effects of previously reported associations from population-specific HIV studies.
Development and Validation of a Web-Based Severe COVID-19 Risk Prediction Model
Authors: Woo Sang H. , Rios-Diaz Arturo J. , Kubey Alan A. , Cheney-Peters Dianna R. , Ackermann Lily L. , Chalikonda Divya M. , Venkataraman Chantel M. , Riley Joshua M. , Baram Michael 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) carries high morbidity and mortality globally. Identification of patients at risk for clinical deterioration upon presentation would aid in triaging, prognostication, and allocation of resources and experimental treatments.Research QuestionCan we develop and validate a web-based risk prediction model for identification of patients who may develop severe COVID-19, defined as intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and/or death?MethodsThis retrospective cohort study reviewed 415 patients admitted to a large urban academic medical center and community hospitals. Covariates included demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. The independent association of predictors with severe COVID-19 was determined using multivariable logistic regression. A derivation cohort (n=311, 75%) was used to develop the prediction models. The models were tested by a validation cohort (n=104, 25%).ResultsThe median age was 66 years (Interquartile range [IQR] 54-77) and the majority were male (55%) and non-White (65.8%). The 14-day severe COVID-19 rate was 39.3%; 31.7% required ICU, 24.6% mechanical ventilation, and 21.2% died. Machine learning algorithms and clinical judgment were used to improve model performance and clinical utility, resulting in the selection of eight predictors: age, sex, dyspnea, diabetes mellitus, troponin, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and aspartate aminotransferase. The discriminative ability was excellent for both the severe COVID-19 (training area under the curve [AUC]=0.82, validation AUC=0.82) and mortality (training AUC= 0.85, validation AUC=0.81) models. These models were incorporated into a mobile-friendly website.InterpretationThis web-based risk prediction model can be used at the bedside for prediction of severe COVID-19 using data mostly available at the time of presentation.
Barriers to online learning in the time of COVID-19: A national survey of medical students in the Philippines
Authors: Baticulon Ronnie E. , Alberto Nicole Rose I. , C. Baron Maria Beatriz , Mabulay Robert Earl C. , Rizada Lloyd Gabriel T. , Sy Jinno Jenkin , Tiu Christl Jan S. , Clarion Charlie A. , Reyes John Carlo B. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn March 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced medical schools in the Philippines to stop face-to-face learning activities and abruptly shift to an online curriculum. This study aimed to identify barriers to online learning from the perspective of medical students in a developing country.MethodsThe authors sent out an electronic survey to medical students in the Philippines from 11 to 24 May 2020. Using a combination of multiple choice, Likert scale, and open-ended questions, the following data were obtained: demographics, medical school information, access to technological resources, study habits, living conditions, self-assessment of capacity for and perceived barriers to online learning, and proposed interventions. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Responses were compared between student subgroups using nonparametric tests.ResultsAmong 3,670 medical students, 3,421 (93%) owned a smartphone and 3,043 (83%) had a laptop or desktop computer. To access online resources, 2,916 (79%) had a postpaid internet subscription while 696 (19%) used prepaid mobile data. Under prevailing conditions, only 1,505 students (41%) considered themselves physically and mentally capable of engaging in online learning. Barriers were classified under five categories: technological, individual, domestic, institutional, and community barriers. Most frequently encountered were difficulty adjusting learning styles, having to perform responsibilities at home, and poor communication between educators and learners.DiscussionMedical students in the Philippines confronted several interrelated barriers as they tried to adapt to online learning. By implementing student-centered interventions, medical schools and educators play a significant role in addressing these challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.