bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Organic Titanium Catalysts and Reactive Distillation Used for the Transesterification of Dimethyl Carbonate with Phenol
Authors: Shen Weihua , Ge Qing , Gu Kaijie , Nie Yingying , Jiao Linyu , Zhu Zhiqing , Fang Yunjin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe transesterification of dimethyl carbonate with phenol to methyl phenyl carbonate (MPC) was investigated on novel catalysts such as titanium diisopropoxide bis(ethyl acetoacetate) and titanium dibutoxide bis(ethyl acetoacetate) in a closed batch reactor at 185–206 °C under high pressure. The produced methanol could be removed efficiently by reactive distillation in order to overcome the equilibrium. The prepared catalysts have higher resistance to water than titanium alkoxides. Phenol conversion as high as 86.4 % with an MPC selectivity of 99.4 % was achieved under optimal reaction conditions within 9 h. Most of the catalytic activity was retained after repeated use for ten times.
Tackling brain metastases from lung cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Mummudi Naveen , Tibdewal Anil , Gupta Tejpal , Patil Vijay , Prabhash Kumar , Agarwal Jai Prakash 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGiven the enormous strain the COVID‐19 pandemic has put on healthcare worldwide, appropriate allocation of resources according to priority is of immense importance. As brain metastases are a common presentation in lung cancer, during the pandemic, it potentially can pose a major management challenge to clinicians. In this article, we outline a pragmatic approach that oncologists should consider while managing these patients. The overarching principle is to deliver best, evidence‐based treatment without compromising patient care while ensuring the safety of healthcare workers.
Paired tumor sequencing and germline testing in breast cancer management: An experience of a single academic center
Authors: Elliott Elizabeth , Speare Virginia , Coggan James , Espenschied Carin , LaDuca Holly , Yussuf Amal F. , Burgess Kelly , Gray Phillip , Cobleigh Melody , Rao Ruta , Patel Jeremy , Kuzel Timothy , Buckingham Lela E. , Usha Lydia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundGenetic testing for cancer predisposition is recommended to women with breast cancer who meet the criteria for such testing. After the FDA approvals of the poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, olaparib and talazoparib, for treatment of metastatic breast cancer, carrying germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, the genetic testing result has become critical in their care. With the recent FDA approval of alpelisib for the treatment of PIK3CA‐mutated hormone‐receptor positive metastatic breast cancer, tumor molecular profiling to identify somatic mutations and potential molecularly targeted agents is increasingly utilized in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.AimCombining germline and somatic sequencing (paired testing) offers an advantage over a single technique approach. Our study evaluates the role of paired testing on the management of breast cancer patients.Methods and ResultsForty‐three breast cancer patients treated at Rush University Medical Center underwent paired germline and somatic variant testing in 2015 to 2017. A retrospective chart review was conducted with the analysis of demographic, clinical, and genomic data. Three actionable germline variants were found in the CHEK2 (2) and ATM (1) genes. 95% of tumors had somatic mutations. Seventy‐seven percent of tumors had genomic alterations targetable with agents approved for breast cancer and 88% had molecular targets for agents approved for other cancers. Clinical examples of such use are described and potential future directions of tumor and paired testing are discussed.ConclusionsGermline variants were present in a relatively small patient group not routinely tested for inherited alterations. Potentially targetable somatic alterations were identified in the majority of breast cancers. Paired testing is a feasible and efficient approach that delivers valuable information for the care of breast cancer patients and eliminates serial testing.
ISAC Probe Tag Dictionary: Standardized Nomenclature for Detection and Visualization Labels Used in Cytometry and Microscopy Imaging
Authors: Blenman Kim R. M. , Spidlen Josef , Parks David R. , Moore Wayne , Treister Adam , Leif Robert , Bray Chris , Goldberg Michael ,   ISAC Data Standards Task Force, Brinkman Ryan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince the advent of microscopy imaging and flow cytometry, there has been an explosion in the number of probes, consisting of a component binding to an analyte and a detectable tag, to mark areas of interest in or on cells and tissue. Probe tags have been created to detect and/or visualize probes. Over time, these probe tags have increased in number. The expansion has resulted in arbitrarily created synonyms of probe tags used in publications and software. The synonyms are problematic for readability of publications, accuracy of text/data mining, and bridging data from multiple platforms, protocols, and databases for Big Data analysis. Development and implementation of a universal language for probe tags will ensure equivalent quality and level of data being reported or extracted for clinical/scientific evaluation as well as help connect data from many platforms. The International Society for Advancement of Cytometry Data Standards Task Force composed of academic scientists and industry hardware/software/reagent manufactures have developed recommendations for a standardized nomenclature for probe tags used in cytometry and microscopy imaging. These recommendations are shared in this technical note in the form of a Probe Tag Dictionary. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Recovery of a large herbivore changes regulation of seagrass productivity in a naturally grazed Caribbean ecosystem
Authors: Gulick Alexandra G. , Johnson Robert A. , Pollock Clayton G. , Hillis‐Starr Zandy , Bolten Alan B. , Bjorndal Karen A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhat happens in meadows after populations of natural grazers rebound following centuries of low abundance? Many seagrass ecosystems are now experiencing this phenomenon with the recovery of green turtles (Chelonia mydas), large‐bodied marine herbivores that feed on seagrasses. These seagrass ecosystems provide a rare opportunity to study ecosystem‐wide shifts that result from a recovery of herbivores. We evaluate changes in regulation of seagrass productivity in a naturally grazed tropical ecosystem by (1) comparing Thalassia testudinum productivity in grazed and ungrazed areas and (2) evaluating potential regulating mechanisms of T. testudinum productivity. We established 129 green turtle exclusion cages in grazed and ungrazed areas to quantify T. testudinum growth (linear, area, mass, productivity : biomass [P:B]). In each exclosure, we recorded temperature, irradiance, water depth, nitrogen : phosphorus ratio (N:P) of blade tissue, grazing intensity before cage placement, and T. testudinum structural and nutrient characteristics. Thalassia testudinum exhibited compensatory growth in grazed areas via stimulated blade linear growth, blade area growth, and P:B across seasonal high and low growth periods and in shallow (3–4 m) and deep (9–10 m) seagrass meadows. Irradiance, depth, and N:P ratios had significant roles in regulating mass growth and P:B of T. testudinum in ungrazed areas. Depth was a significant regulating factor of mass growth and P:B in grazed areas; rates were higher and more variable in shallow meadows than in deep meadows. Grazing intensity was also a significant regulating factor for P:B, stimulating tissue turnover with increasing grazing pressure. This study provides important insights into how recovery of a large marine herbivore can result in dramatic, sustainable changes in the regulation of seagrass productivity. We also highlight the need for a historical perspective and use of appropriate indicators, including P:B and grazing intensity, when evaluating seagrass response to green turtle grazing as meadows are returned to a natural grazed state. In an age of green turtle recovery and global seagrass decline due to anthropogenic threats, a thorough understanding of green turtle–seagrass interactions at the ecosystem level is critical to ensure the restoration of seagrass ecosystems and continued recovery of green turtle populations.
Platycodin D suppresses cisplatin‐induced cytotoxicity by suppressing ROS‐mediated oxidative damage, apoptosis, and inflammation in HEK‐293 cells
Authors: Hu Jun‐nan , Leng Jing , Shen Qiong , Liu Ying , Li Xin‐dian , Wang Shi‐han , Li Hui‐ping , Wang Zi , Wang Ying‐ping , Li Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCisplatin, a proven effective chemotherapeutic agent, has been used clinically to treat malignant solid tumors, whereas its clinical use is limited by serious side effect including nephrotoxicity. Platycodin D (PD), the major and marked saponin isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum, possesses many pharmacological effects. In this study, we evaluated its protective effect against cisplatin‐induced human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK‐293) cells injury and elucidated the related mechanisms. Our results showed that PD (0.25, 0.5, and 1 μM) can dose‐dependently alleviate oxidative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species, while increasing the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Moreover, the elevation of apoptosis including Bax, Bad, cleaved caspase‐3,‐9, and decreased protein levels of Bcl‐2, Bcl‐XL induced by cisplatin were reversed after PD treatment. Importantly, PD pretreatment can also regulate PI3K/Akt and ERK/JNK/p38 signaling pathways. Furthermore, PD was found to reduce NF‐κB‐mediated inflammatory relative proteins. Our finding indicated that PD exerted significant effects on cisplatin induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammatory, which will provide evidence for the development of PD to attenuate cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity.
4‐Methyl morpholinium bis‐(thio)barbiturates: Synthesis, structure, anticancer evaluation, and CoMFA study
Authors: Noroozi Pesyan Nader , Rashidnejad Hamid , Esmaeili Mohammad Ali , Safari Elnaz , Tunç Tuncay , Alilou Mostafa , Safavi‐Sohi Reihaneh , Şahin Ertan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe reaction of symmetrical (thio)barbituric acids with aldehydes in the presence of 4‐methyl morpholine yielded a new form of 4‐methyl morpholinium bis‐(thio)barbiturate containing charge‐separated intermolecular and eight‐membered intramolecular H‐bonds. X‐ray Crystallography, FT‐IR, and 1H and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy techniques were used for structure characterizations. Some of these compounds showed potent anticancer activities. Cytotoxicity of the synthetic compounds against HeLa and MCF‐7 cell lines were performed by MTT assay. In addition, a comparative molecular field analysis was carried out, and the effects of substituents on the biological activities of these compounds were explained.
A Nanoparticle Adsorption‐Based Salt‐Resistant Foam for Gas Well Deliquification
Authors: Wang Yang , Yang Jiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the continuous development of gas fields, water production problems are seriously affecting production rates. Aiming at the problem of the high production rates of mineralized formation water in China's gas fields, we investigate the feasibility of a foam for gas well deliquification process using a combination of nanoparticles and surfactants. Through the combination of anionic and non‐ionic surfactants, a system with better foam stability is optimized by the hand‐shock method. Based on the formation of hydrogen bonds between the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and SiO2 nanoparticles, the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether created hydrophobicity after silica was added. Adsorbed on the gas–liquid interface, the dilatational modulus of the gas–liquid interface increased, the shift time extended, and the diameter of the generated foam is smaller, that is, a unit volume of gas can carry more liquid. Foam stability can be adjusted by altering the pH value of the foam for gas well deliquification. Last, the oil resistance of the system was improved by adding fatty alcohols. Here, a foam for gas well deliquification was established by the combination of surfactant, nanoparticles, and fatty alcohols, which has good foaming performance, stability, and oil resistance.
Self‐assembled supramolecular dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction for concentration and determination of anthraquinone compounds in Rhubarb
Authors: Chen Xuan , Tie Dan , Li An‐ni , Hu Shuang , Bi Xiao‐ping , Bai Xiao‐hong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSelf‐assembled supramolecular dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed and introduced for simultaneous extraction and determination of the trace level rhein, chrysophanol, and physcion in Rhubarb. Compared with conventional dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction, the proposed method used a self‐assembled ternary supramolecular consisting of the mixed extraction solvent (heptanol and nonanol) and dispersant (acetone) to achieve high enrichment factors of target analytes. Several factors affecting performance were investigated and optimized, including the mixed extraction solvent, type and volume of the dispersant, the pH of sample phase, salt concentration, shaking time, volume of sample phase, centrifugation time, and rate. Meanwhile, the method mechanism of self‐assembled supramolecular dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction was analyzed and described. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the enrichment factors of rhein, chrysophanol, and physcion were 116.5, 325.9, and 356.1, respectively. Good linearities (r ≥ 0.9952) for all analytes, low limits of detection (less than 0.04 ng/mL), satisfactory precisions (0.1–8.9%), and accuracies (recoveries, 88.2–104.1%) were achieved. The experimental results showed that the approach was simple, fast, with short extraction time, high enrichment factors, good linearities, and low limits of detection.
Adsorption of Linear and Cyclic Multiblock Copolymers from Selective Solvent. A Monte Carlo Study
Authors: Rolińska Karolina , Sikorski Andrzej 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA systematic study of the adsorption of linear and cyclic chains on a planar surface is carried out through extensive computer simulations. 3D homopolymer and multiblock copolymer chains are studied. No atomic details are taken into consideration and polymer chains are modeled as sequences of statistical segments on a cubic lattice. Adsorption of macromolecules on a homogenous flat surface is studied at different solvent conditions. Homopolymers are built of solvophobic segments while copolymers are formed of solvophilic and solvophobic blocks. A Monte Carlo simulation employing the Replica Exchange technique is used. The main question is how the chain sequence, the internal architecture, the strength of adsorption, and the solvent quality influence the macromolecular structure. It is also shown that the differences in size and in parameters of adsorption between cyclic and linear chains are relatively small. The increase in the number of solvophobic blocks has a significant impact on a chain size and coil‐to‐globule transition while the critical adsorption temperature is less sensitive in the sequence.
Structures and Properties of trans‐1,3,3,3‐Tetrafluoro‐ propene (HFO‐1234ze) and 2,3,3,3‐Tetrafluoropropene (HFO‐1234yf) Refrigerants
Authors: Schwabedissen Jan , Glodde Timo , Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Flierl Lukas , Kornath Andreas J. , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe refrigerant trans‐1,3,3,3‐tetrafluoropropene (HFO‐1234ze) is used as a replacement for former cooling agents that have been phased‐out due to their global warming potential or ozone depleting potential. Although it is used on a large scale, only a few vibrational data and no structural data of HFO‐1234ze are known. We report structure determinations based on low‐temperature single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data as well as gas‐phase diffraction data of HFO‐1234ze and HFO‐1234yf (2,3,3,3‐tetrafluoropropene). Furthermore, vibrational spectra of HFO‐1234ze in all phases are described. The results are discussed together with quantum‐chemical calculations on the PBE0/cc‐pVTZ level of theory. Combustion experiments of HFO‐1234ze show carbonyl difluoride, carbon dioxide and hydrogen fluoride to be the main combustion products.
Impact of respiratory viral panel testing on length of stay in pediatric cancer patients admitted with fever and neutropenia
Authors: Shinn Kaitlin , Wetzel Martha , DeGroote Nicholas P. , Keller Frank , Briones Michael , Felker James , Castellino Sharon , Miller Tamara P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) respiratory viral panel (RVP) testing is often used in evaluation of pediatric cancer patients with febrile neutropenia (FN), but correlation with adverse outcomes has not been well characterized.ProcedureA retrospective cohort of all children ages 0‐21 years with cancer admitted to Children's Healthcare of Atlanta for FN from January 2013 to June 2016 was identified. Patient demographic and clinical variables such as age, RVP results, length of stay (LOS), and deaths were abstracted. Relationship between RVP testing and positivity and LOS, highest temperature (Tmax), hypotension and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were compared using Wilcoxon rank sums, chi‐square, or Fisher's exact tests adjusting for age, sex, bacteremia, and diagnosis.ResultsThe 404 patients identified had 787 total FN admissions. RVPs were sent in 38% of admissions and were positive in 59%. Patients with RVPs sent were younger (median 5.5 vs 8.0 years, P < .0001) with higher Tmax (39.2° vs 39.1°, P = .016). The most common virus identified was rhinovirus/Enterovirus (61%). There were no significant differences in highest temperature or lowest blood pressure based on RVP positivity. Patients admitted to the ICU were more likely to have RVPs sent (odds ratio [OR] = 3.19, P < .002); however, neither having RVP testing nor RVP positivity were significantly associated with increased LOS or death. Coinfection with bacteremia and a respiratory virus was identified in 9.1% of patients.ConclusionsThese data raise the question of the utility of sending potentially costly RVP testing as RVP positivity during febrile neutropenia does not impact LOS, degree of hypotension, or ICU admission.
Development, validation, and application of capillary zone electrophoresis method for determination of pyrimidine glucosides in seeds of Vicia faba L. var. minor
Authors: Kowalczyk Mariusz , Krzyżanowska‐Kowalczyk Justyna , Stochmal Anna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionConsumption of fava beans seeds can be harmful to both humans and animals due to the presence of pyrimidine glucosides: vicine and convicine. Therefore, seeds, feed supplements, and protein extracts derived from fava beans should be monitored for the contents of pyrimidine derivatives.ObjectivesThe main objective of this work was the development and validation of an inexpensive, uncomplicated, quick, and robust method for the quantitation of vicine and convicine in seeds of fava beans.MethodologyPlant material was extracted using a dual‐phase extraction system to remove lipophilic contaminants and deactivate residual enzymes. Pyrimidine glucosides together with the internal standard: 5‐bromouridine were separated using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) on an uncoated fused‐silica capillary with alkaline, tetraborate‐based electrolyte. Linearity, limits of detection and quantitation, precision, accuracy, recovery, and robustness of the method were investigated. The method was applied for quantitation of pyrimidine glucosides in seeds.ResultsValidation results suggest that the method is suitable for quantitation of pyrimidine glucosides, although it may not be sensitive enough for low‐concentrated samples. Application of the method showed that seeds of the investigated variety of fava beans contain both vicine at 10–15 mg/g of dry weight and convicine at 3–5 mg/g of dry weight.ConclusionDeveloped and validated CZE‐ultraviolet (UV) method is suitable for analysis of pyrimidine glucosides in seeds of Vicia faba L. var. minor. It can be used as an inexpensive, greener alternative to more advanced methods while providing equally reliable and accurate results.
Drug interactions with apixaban: A systematic review of the literature and an analysis of VigiBase, the World Health Organization database of spontaneous safety reports
Authors: Fernandez Silvia , Lenoir Camille , Samer Caroline , Rollason Victoria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractApixaban, a direct oral anticoagulant, has emerged over the past few years because it is considered to have a low risk of drug‐drug interactions compared to vitamin K antagonists. To better characterize these interactions, we systematically reviewed studies evaluating the drug‐drug interactions involving apixaban and analyzed the drug‐drug interactions resulting in an adverse drug reaction reported in case reports and VigiBase. We systematically searched Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar up to 20 August 2018 for articles that investigated the occurrence of an adverse drug reaction due to a potential drug interacting with apixaban. Data from VigiBase came from case reports retrieved up to the 2 January 2018, where identification of potential interactions is performed in terms of two drugs, one adverse drug reaction triplet and potential signal detection using Omega, a three‐way measure of disproportionality. We identified 15 studies and 10 case reports. Studies showed significant variations in the area under the curve for apixaban and case reports highlighted an increased risk of hemorrhage or thromboembolic events due to a drug‐drug interaction. From VigiBase, a total of 1617 two drugs and one adverse drug reaction triplet were analyzed. The most reported triplet were apixaban—aspirin—gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Sixty‐seven percent of the drug‐drug interactions reported in VigiBase were not described or understood. In the remaining 34%, the majority were pharmacodynamic drug‐drug interactions. These data suggest that apixaban has significant potential for drug‐drug interactions, either with CYP3A/P‐gp modulators or with drugs that may impair hemostasis. The most described adverse drug reactions were adverse drug reactions related to hemorrhage or thrombosis, mostly through pharmacodynamic interactions. Pharmacokinetic drug‐drug interactions seem to be poorly detected.