bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodology in research on individual differences and French as a second language
Authors: Arvidsson Klara , Forsberg Lundell Fanny 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter concerns methods used in research on individual differences and second language (L2)
French learning. The importance of individual differences for L2 learning is increasingly recognized in the SLA
literature (e.g., Dewaele, 2009, 2011; Moyer, 2014; Douglas
Fir Group, 2016), and a relatively large number of studies focus on L2 French. In this chapter, we first
make an account of the existing research, starting with the research contexts that are represented and the methods
that have been used. Then, we provide an overview of the linguistic variables and the individual differences that have
been investigated. We then describe existing study designs and data collection instruments, as well as some ethical
considerations related to participant recruitment, data elicitation, data storage, and data sharing. Finally, we
discuss the existing research methods from a critical point of view, highlighting their contribution to and
limitations within research on individual factors and second language acquisition in general. This leads us to
identify areas that remain to be investigated and to suggest ways to advance the study of individual differences and
L2 French learning from a methodological point of view.
What can phonetics tell us about Arabic phonology?
Authors: Broselow Ellen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The enrichment of phonological representations over the past decades has given rise to competing
analyses of phonological structures. The goal of this paper is to examine the potential usefulness of one potential
criterion for choosing among competing analyses: the fit between the phonological representations posited in an
analysis and the phonetic details of the corresponding surface forms. We survey evidence in three areas: the syllable
affiliation of complex and highly marked sequences of consonants at the beginnings of words in North African varieties
of Arabic; the internal representation of word-internal syllables in a number of dialects, particularly syllables
containing a long vowel followed by either a singleton consonant or the first half of a geminate; and the apparent
weightlessness of word-final consonants, both singleton and geminate.
The realization patterns of the glottal stop in Sudanese Arabic
Authors: Ali Abdel-khalig 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the realization patterns of the glottal stop attested in Urban Central
Sudanese Arabic (UCSA). To this end, the paper examines the realizations of forms whose roots consist of glottal stop
radicals. Root-initial and root-medial glottal stops are shown to exhibit realization patterns that are explained in
terms of a phonotactic constraint against syllabifying the glottal stop in a coda position. This constraint is
violated to satisfy a verbal templatic requirement. Root-initial and root-medial glottal stops are also shown to
exhibit three more unpredictable patterns in which the glottal stop is not realized even in contexts where it would be
syllabified in an onset position. All root-final glottal stops are shown to have been reanalyzed as a palatal glide
j in UCSA. The unpredictable patterns of root-initial and medial glottal stops are argued to
indicate that this segment may be undergoing a similar reanalysis process.
Doubling unconditionals in Arabic
Authors: Šimík Radek , Pospíšil Adam , Aljani Ouras 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We discuss wh-based unconditionals in Arabic (‘wherever she went, she was followed by
photographers’), with special attention paid to the so-called doubling unconditionals in whose antecedents the
predicate/clause is reduplicated (lit. ‘wher(ever) she went she went, she was followed by photographers’). We propose
that the doubling unconditionals can be treated on a par with canonical unconditionals once one recognizes that the
wh-introduced structure within the antecedent (‘wher(ever) she went’) is a focused free relative. We discuss the
benefits, problems, and various open issues of this analysis. The paper constitutes the first in-depth discussion of
the syntax and semantics of wh-based unconditionals in Arabic, drawing evidence primarily from Syrian Arabic.
Synthesis of two-dimensional Diamond by the Phase Transition from Graphene at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Li Songyang , Zhu Zhiguang , Zhang Youzhi , Chen Chengke , Hu Xiaojun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
It is a key challenge to prepare two-dimensional diamond (2D-diamond). Herein, we develop a method for synthesizing 2D-diamond by depositing monodisperse tantalum (Ta) atoms onto graphene substrates using a hot-filament chemical vapor deposition setup, followed by annealing treatment under different temperatures at ambient pressure. The results indicate that when the annealing temperature increases from 700 ℃ to 1000 ℃, the size of the 2D-diamond found in the samples gradually increases from close to 20 nm to around 30 nm. Meanwhile, the size and number of amorphous carbon spheres and Ta-containing compounds between the graphene layers gradually increase. As the annealing temperature continues to rise to 1100 ℃, a significant aggregation of Ta-containing compounds is observed in the samples, with no diamond structure detected. This further confirms that monodisperse Ta atoms play a key role in graphene phase transition into 2D-diamond. This study provides a novel method for the ambient-pressure phase transition of graphene into 2D-diamond.
Titanium Dioxide Thin Films Prepared on Different Substrates by Sol–Gel Process: Optical and Morphological Properties
Authors: Ivanova T. , Harizanova A. , Petkov N. , Dulev V. , Benkovski A. , Ganchev M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, sol-gel TiO2 thin films were obtained by spin coating on Si, glass and ITO substrates. They were characterized using Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Ultraviolet – Visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy. The impact of the film thickness (different number of layers), annealing temperatures (300, 400 and 500°C) and the type of substrates on the morphology, optical transmittance and vibrational properties were investigated. The work function (WF) of the samples was also determined. TiO2 films on glass substrates revealed a decrease of the film transparency with increasing the film thickness and after annealing at 400 and 500°C. TiO2 films obtained on ITO substrates exhibited very high transmittance in the visible spectral range up to 85%, despite the number of layers and the thermal treatments. FESEM study showed very uniform, smooth surface with small grained structure.
Petrol vapours sensor with polyvinyl trimethylsilane sensitive coating
Authors: Georgieva Borislava , Grechnikov Alexander A. , Lazarov Yuliyan , Georgieva Velichka 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A quartz crystal microbalance sensor for determining petrol vapours in ambient air has been developed. Polyvinyl trimethylsilane (PVTMS) was used as a sensitive coating. The influence of the polymer coating mass on the performance characteristics of the sensor was studied. The optimal mass of the PVTMS film was found, at which the signal-to-noise ratio was maximum. On the basis of the frequency-time characteristics measured, the kinetics of adsorption and desorption processes were studied and the responses of the sensor and recovery times were found. The sorption of petrol hydrocarbons on PVTMS was fully reversible. The dependences of the response of the sensor on the concentration of petrol vapours showed good linearity in the range of 50 – 1250 ppm. The limit of detection was estimated to be 25 ppm. It was found that the sensor exhibits a high selectivity in the presence of water vapour in the relative humidity range of 0 – 50%.
Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett films from adsorbed Glucose Oxidase enzymes
Authors: Ivanov George R , Bogdanova Evgenia , Minkov Ivan , Dimov Asen , Staneva Galya , Johans Christoffer 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Blood glucose (BG) concentration is a critical biomarker for the diagnosis and management of diabetes, necessitating the development of efficient detection methods due to the high global mortality associated with the disease. Glucose oxidase (GOx) is commonly employed in fabricating electrochemical BG sensors, with numerous generations of sensors utilizing this enzyme. This study presents a novel approach to preparing a sensing layer using GOx within a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film deposition system. Water-soluble GOx molecules, dissolved in the aqueous subphase, exhibit surface activity and generate surface pressure upon adsorption at the air-water interface. Subsequently, a fluorescently labeled phospholipid, DPPE-NBD, is introduced to form an insoluble monolayer (Langmuir film) at the interface. GOx penetrates this layer due to electrostatic and steric interactions, further increasing surface pressure. This nanoscale composite structure is then transferred onto a solid substrate as a monolayer using the LB method. This approach offers two key advantages over conventional deposition techniques: forming a nano-thin, uniform layer—crucial for rapid sensing—and enhanced enzyme protection against environmental degradation. The study reports the successful fabrication and characterization of these GOx-based monolayers, underscoring their potential for application in BG sensing technologies.
Investigation of the elastic properties of star polymers in semi-infinite space
Authors: Dudek Maciej , Danel Zoriana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We performed investigation of the elastic properties of three-armed, four-armed and five-armed star polymers in a semi-infinite space confined by a single wall with different boundary conditions and calculated Pincus force in the above mentioned cases. Calculations were carried out for three, four and five armed star polymers anchored (or grafted) to the substrate by one or two arms. Besides, the case of freely placed star polymers with different number of arms in semi-infinite space also was analyzed. The obtained results indicate that the Pincus force is affected by the number of arms anchored to the surface. For star polymer with center near the surface, the Pincus force is almost twice higher for the case of two attached arms to the substrate than for one attached arm. This difference increases as the distance of the star center from the wall increases. The results for the Pincus force agree with those obtained for the linear polymer chain previously, but have a larger value. Besides, we observe that the polymer topology have influence on the Pincus force value. The obtained results are interesting from scientific and practical point of view, because of their potential use in the production of paints, varnishes and functional materials. Star polymers can be used as viscosity modifiers, e.g. in engine oils, in cosmetics, and to increase the flexibility of the functional materials as well as drug or gene transporters.
On-ground observations of solar over-irradiance effects and their influence on the low-voltage electric power grid
Authors: Tyutyundzhiev N. , Angelov L. , Angelov Ch. , Arsov T. , Serafimov N. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The strong solar radiation variability during the Solar cycle 25 has revealed the vulnerability and fragility of Earth’s biosphere to external high-energy fluxes. The solar spectral irradiance constantly changes at all wavelengths and over different periods of time. The negative impact on the Earth and human society at solar maxima can be observed as solar over-irradiance in the UV-A, UV-B, VIS, IR over-heating, magnetic storms, atmospheric lightning, etc. In such extraordinary weather conditions, the big photovoltaic (PV) power plants are delivering a new kind of instability to the power grid. In this work, selective wavelength measurements of the solar irradiance are performed in order to distinguish and predict power disturbances. Correlations between solar events and low voltage (LV) power grid fluctuations are investigated.
Analysis of safety and reliability risk and study on key test study for power routers
Authors: Chen Susheng , Wang Tingting , Liu Xin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The power router is the core equipment of the future energy Internet, but there is no test standard for its electrical safety and reliability. In this paper, the possible existence of quality risk sources of power routers is classified and analyzed in detail, and safety testing items and indicators are listed, especially those focusing on electrical safety and reliability. A testing system for power routers was provided with the testing conditions based on application scenarios. Meanwhile, the test is done, and the results show that it is necessary to develop testing methods and conditions for the Power router.
Multi-timescale power self-balancing optimization and regulation of remote rural microgrids based on stochastic monte carlo method
Authors: Liu Minghong , Liao Mengke , Wang Pengchao , Li Changling , Zhao Xuehua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Conventional microgrid power self-balancing optimization and regulation methods are mainly based on real-time regulation mechanisms, but there is the problem of local optimum, which affects the regulation effect. Therefore, a stochastic Monte Carlo method is designed to optimize the power self-balancing regulation of remote rural microgrids in multiple time scales. The multi-time scale power imbalance characteristics of remote rural microgrids are extracted, and the load differentiation characteristics of remote rural areas are judged according to the regional economic development and resource endowment. Based on stochastic Monte Carlo, a microgrid multi-timescale power self-balancing optimization and regulation model is constructed to quantify the self-balancing capability of the microgrid, taking into account the temporal difference between wind power and remote rural load demand. Taking into account the inter-seasonal characteristics of remote rural loads and the dynamic balancing demand of sources and loads, the multi-timescale adjustable power of remote rural microgrids is optimally allocated to further balance the complexity of the regulation model and the solution time. Comparative experiments are conducted to verify that the self-balancing optimization effect is better and can be applied in real life.
How Workday Scaled and Sustained a Culture of Connection
Authors: Willburn Phil , Hampton Curtis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Software and social cohesion may not seem related at first. But when best friends Dave Duffield and Aneel Bhusri cofounded Workday in 2005, they understood from the start that a strong sense of connection and a “we, not me” culture would be crucial differentiators in a crowded competitive landscape. The cloud-based software company, which specializes in enterprise applications for financial management and human capital management, has since grown to 19,000 employees in 34 countries—while winning accolades for its culture and high levels of employee engagement. This case study explores how network practices enabled Workday to safeguard and deepen its culture of connections during a period of intense hypergrowth and how this global organization leverages network analysis to nimbly navigate the future of work.
Emergency Response Coordination in Space
Authors: Landon Lauren Blackwell 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Space flight is a dangerous, complex endeavor. A network of high-performing technical experts plans and trains for any conceivable emergency, but unforeseen events inevitably occur. During EVA 23 (i.e., an extravehicular activity, or spacewalk) outside the International Space Station, an astronaut nearly drowned in his spacesuit. The astronaut crew in space worked with the network of experts on the ground in Mission Control to save his life. In addition, NASA engaged in a comprehensive investigation to gather and apply lessons learned from this network so that it does not happen again. The acute emergency response and longer term approach to growing from lessons learned are discussed through this example to highlight how networks may be called on in times of crisis to save the day and make permanent, positive changes.
Designing the Science of Networks into Leadership Development at Workday
Authors: Campbell Michael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Preparing to double the size of the company’s workforce from 10,000 to 20,000, Workday designed network science into its leadership development to help scale without sacrificing its connected and cohesive culture. This case focuses on the leadership development program designed to enable the transition or career turn from director to vice president. Failing to nurture a positive and productive cross-functional network through this transition is likely to derail a career. Appreciating the impact of growing social capital alongside human capital, Workday researched and applied network-enhancing strategies, including personal network diagnostics, successful leader’s mental representations, collaborative learning in business simulations, and teaching practices to improve network effectiveness. Analysis of network-based measures provided an invaluable perspective on the impact of remote work on a leader’s network and key outcomes, including promotion, mobility, retention, and inclusion.
Engaging Employee Networks to Promote Workforce Diversity and Inclusion
Authors: Du Juan , Woehler Meredith , Cullen-Lester Kristin L 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Organizations striving to enhance workforce diversity and foster inclusive work environments often struggle to achieve these goals. This chapter explores the often-overlooked role of employees’ networks in such endeavors. It investigates how networks influence an organization’s ability to attract a diverse pool of applicants, ensure fair selection and advancement processes, provide equitable development opportunities, and foster an inclusive culture that empowers a diverse workforce to feel valued and collaborate effectively. While informal networks have traditionally hindered workforce diversification efforts by perpetuating homogeneity, this chapter describes how employees’ networks can become part of the solution. By addressing biases and fostering inclusive networks, organizations can cultivate workplaces where all employees feel respected, valued, and empowered to reach their full potential. In addition, the chapter identifies opportunities to further the understanding of how to harness the potential of networks in advancing diversity and inclusion within organizations.
Cultivating Race
Authors: Tischler Julia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cultivating Race examines the intersections and relationships between scientific knowledge in farming and race politics in early twentieth-century South Africa. Considering agricultural progressivism as both a Pan-Africanist and white supremacist movement from a transatlantic perspective, it discusses the ways in which the ‘agrarian question’ fed into the emergence of the global ‘colour line’. The book investigates rural transformations in a period of rapid industrial growth and agrarian commercialization through the lens of agricultural education—including agricultural colleges, extension services, children’s clubs, and domestic training. South Africa in the segregation period, as an extreme case of both rapid agrarian change and state racism, holds important insights into global questions of rural reform and race politics. The book addresses scholars and students of the history of knowledge and science, agrarian studies, environmental history, and South African history who seek to understand the intricate links between race, knowledge, and rural reform in the twentieth century.
White Farmers’ Provincial Science
Authors: Tischler Julia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 7 examines the example of Glen College of Agriculture, the main educational institution to serve white farmers in the Orange Free State (OFS), in order to explore the role of scientific knowledge in the increased pace of agricultural commercialization and modernization from the 1920s to the 1940s. Founded in 1919 near Bloemfontein, Glen College’s research and training activities show that the rise of science in farming was not a linear success story but involved multiple dead-ends and mistakes, as well as constant challenges to its legitimacy. Glen’s research and extension work represented a model of regional knowledge generation and dissemination that was reliant on the collaboration of farmers, whose experience officials regarded as a crucial source of knowledge. The knowledge that Glen co-produced and communicated extended beyond technical matters to project a masculinist image of the educated farmer, nations of paternalist rural leadership, as well as racialized work regimes. Moreover, the college was pivotal in creating a community of progressive agriculture that included improving OFS farmers and—albeit with less success—lower-class whites at the same time as actively excluding Black and coloured farmers from the benefits of agricultural science.
Eugenic Agriculture and Transnational Networks of Rural Education
Authors: Tischler Julia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 9 discusses how, in the 1920s and 1930s, social scientists became key players in defining rural problems and proposing solutions. These education experts formed a dense transnational network of state-sponsored educators, sociologists, and welfare practitioners who were responding to the global crisis in agriculture after the First World War with high modernist social engineering. Experts travelling between the United States and South Africa produced generalizing reform blueprints, including eugenicist and segregationist measures for tackling rural destitution. Besides promoting agricultural education as a means of segregating Blacks from whites, social scientists also proposed a solution to the supposed threat posed by the rapid increase in ‘unfit’ whites. Reformers’ chauvinism towards lower-class whites culminated in the Carnegie Poor White Commission (1932) and its aggressive promotion of adapted education. This chapter explores vocational training, school farms, children’s clubs, and the ‘project system’, all of which the South African authorities partly adapted from Europe and the United States, as examples of a transnational Tuskegeeism for poor whites that was more often than not rejected by the targeted families.
Separate yet Similar Worlds
Authors: Tischler Julia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Improved farming lent itself to the politics of Black emancipation as much as to the aims of white supremacy, and it promoted patriarchal gender roles at the same time as fuelling the ambitions of Black and white rural women. By the 1940s, however, the ideal of progressive yeoman farming in South Africa had become muted, although it was never silenced completely. The concluding chapter describes the rapid decline of visions of independent yeoman farming, as the state committed to policies that would entrench the bifurcation of the agrarian sector between reproductive small-scale farming for Black people and a concentrated, rationalized commercial sector for whites.