bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Derivatives of nitrogen mustard anticancer agents with improved cytotoxicity
Authors: Antoni Frauke , Bernhardt Günther 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn previous studies, we demonstrated that esters of bendamustine containing a basic moiety are far more cytotoxic anticancer agents than their parent compound and that the substitution of the labile ester moiety by a branched ester or an amide markedly increases stability in the blood plasma. In the current study, we showed that this substitution was bioisosteric. Aiming at increased cytotoxicity, we introduced the same modification to related nitrogen mustards: 6‐isobendamustine, chlorambucil, and melphalan. The synthesis was accomplished using the coupling reagents N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or 2‐(1H‐benzotriazole‐1‐yl)‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethylaminium tetrafluoroborate. Cytotoxicity against a panel of diverse cancer cells (carcinoma, sarcoma, and malignant melanoma) was assessed in a kinetic chemosensitivity assay. The target compounds showed cytotoxic or cytocidal effects at concentrations above 1 µM: a striking enhancement over bendamustine and 6‐isobendamustine, both ineffective against the selected cancer cells at concentrations up to 50 µM, and a considerable improvement over chlorambucil, showing some potency only against the sarcoma cells. Melphalan was almost as effective as the target compounds—derivatization only provided a small improvement. The novel cytostatics are of interest as model compounds for analyzing a correlation between cytotoxicity and membrane transport and for the treatment of malignancies.
Synthesis and in vitro carbonic anhydrases and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of novel imidazolinone‐based benzenesulfonamides
Authors: Tugrak Mehtap , Gul Halise Inci , Demir Yeliz , Levent Serkan , Gulcin Ilhami 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNew imidazolinone‐based benzenesulfonamides 3a–e and 4a–e were synthesized in three steps and their chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), 13C NMR, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The benzenesulfonamides used were sulfacetamide (3a, 4a), sulfaguanidine (3b, 4b), sulfanilamide (3c, 4c), sulfadiazine (3d, 4d), sulfamerazine (3e), and sulfathiazole (4e). The compounds were evaluated against carbonic anhydrase (CA) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes to obtain possible drug candidate/s. The lead compounds of the series were 3a and 4a against human CA (hCA) I, whereas 3d and 4a were leads against hCA II in terms of Ki values. Series 4 includes more effective CAs inhibitors than series 3 (except 3d). Series 4 compounds having a nitro group (except 4d) were 3.3–4.8 times more selective inhibitors than their corresponding analogues 3a–d in series 3, in which hydrogen was located in place of the nitro group, by considering Ki values against hCA II. Compounds 3c and 4c, where the sulfanilamide moiety is available, were the leads in terms of AChE inhibition with the lowest Ki values. The use of secondary sulfonamides was a more effective modification on CA inhibition, whereas the primary sulfonamide was the effective substitution in terms of AChE inhibitory potency.
Linear flow‐velocity gradient chromatography—An efficient method for increasing the process efficiency of batch and continuous capture chromatography of proteins
Authors: Chen Chyi‐Shin , Ando Kosei , Yoshimoto Noriko , Yamamoto Shuichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA new method was proposed for increasing the capture chromatography process efficiency, linear flow‐velocity gradient (LFG). The method uses a linear decreasing flow‐velocity gradient with time during the sample loading. The initial flow velocity, the final flow velocity and the gradient time are the parameters to be tuned. We have developed a method for determining these parameters by using the total column capacity and the total loaded amount as a function of time. The capacity can be calculated by using the relationships between dynamic binding capacity (DBC) and residence time. By leveraging the capacity, loading amount, and the required conditions, the optimum LFG can be designed. The method was verified by ion‐exchange and protein A chromatography of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). A two‐fold increase in the productivity during the sample loading was possible by LFG compared with the constant flow‐velocity (CF) operation. LFG was also applied to a 4‐column continuous process. The simulation showed that the cost of resin per unit amount of processed mAbs can be reduced by 13% while 1.4 times enhancement in productivity was preserved after optimization by LFG compared to CF. The process efficiency improvement is more pronounced when the isotherm is highly favorable and the loading volume is large.
Leben und Überleben im Boden
Authors: Volz Carsten , Krug Daniel , Müller Rolf 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungMyxobakterien wie Myxococcus xanthus sind ungewöhnliche Bodenbakterien, die sich auszeichnen durch ihre schwärmende Art der Fortbewegung auf Oberflächen, durch ein räuberisches Auftreten gegenüber Beutebakterien sowie durch ihre Fähigkeit, unter Stressbedingungen multizelluläre Fruchtkörper zu bilden. Bioinformatische Untersuchungen der ungewöhnlich großen Genome von Myxobakterien ermöglichen detaillierte Einblicke in die molekularen Grundlagen der komplexen Biosynthesewege, welche der Bildung von myxobakteriellen Naturstoffen zugrunde liegen, und eröffnen zugleich neue Chancen für die Charakterisierung bisher unentdeckter Sekundärstoffe. Intensiv erforschte Myxobakterien wie M. xanthus spielen zudem eine immer wichtigere Rolle als biotechnologische Produktionsplattform für die Herstellung von komplexen Naturstoffmolekülen mit Methoden der synthetischen Biologie.
Robotics application for the advanced integration of design and technology in architecture
Authors: Yi Hwang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study reports and analyzes the first architectural robotics class regularly organized in a professional college in South Korea. The course consists of two modules: (i) design experimentation with kinetic (responsive) building prototyping and (ii) construction automation of a complex building form using an industrial robot arm. Both modules are structured to provide undergraduates with applied knowledge of kinematics and mechanisms. Along with introducing tools and content of robotics learning in architecture, the course development and students' perception of learning progress and intellectual achievement have been systematically assessed by adapting theoretical course analysis models (of Richards and of Kirkpatrick). The results reveal that learning motivation affects self‐satisfaction and achievement. This suggests that the background, goals, and methods of teaching robotics engineering need to be carefully coordinated over the entire curricular context of building design education.
Solid Flow in Rotary Drums with Sectional Internals: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Priessen Joscha , Kreutzer Thomas , Irgat Gizem , Behrens Malte , Schultz Heyko Juergen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe influence of different internal geometries on the solid flow in rotary drums under variation of the operational parameters feed rate, slope, and rotational speed is investigated. Four different configurations of a fully optically accessible lab‐scale rotary drum are analyzed. The internals are built as sectional compartments of the cross section, referring to industrial applications. The axial dispersion model is used to calculate the mean residence times and axial dispersion coefficients. It can clearly be shown that the sectional internal geometries significantly increase mean residence times and holdups in dependence on the set of operational variables. The axial dispersion coefficients were in a comparable range with literature data.
Promoting the Electrocatalytic Activity of Ti3C2Tx MXene by Modulating CO2 Adsorption through Oxygen Vacancies for High‐Performance Lithium‐Carbon Dioxide Batteries
Authors: Wang Hao , Zheng Ruixin , Shu Chaozhu , Long Jianping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLithium‐carbon dioxide (Li‐CO2) batteries are considered as a most auspicious energy storage systems owing to their high capacity and the ability of capturing CO2. However, there are still some critical issues needed to be addressed before their practical application, such as high charge potential and poor cyclability. Herein, oxygen vacancy‐enriched TiO2 nanoparticles grown in situ on Ti3C2Tx MXene (OV‐TiO2/MXene) are synthesized as catalysts for Li‐CO2 batteries by facile one‐step ethanol heat treatment of the MXene nanosheets. The thermodynamically metastable Ti atom on the surface of MXenes serves as nucleating sites, which play a critical role in generating the relatively stable vacancy‐rich TiO2 nanoparticles. The spontaneously generated oxygen vacancies can enhance CO2 adsorption, which is beneficial to CO2 involved electrode reactions. The Li‐CO2 batteries with OV‐TiO2/MXene electrodes deliver noteworthily reduced charge voltage of 3.37 V at 100 mA g−1, and a superb cycling performance of 158 cycles. This work highlights the significant role of oxygen vacancies in activating CO2 in Li‐CO2 batteries, instrumental to the development of high‐performance electrocatalysts for Li‐CO2 batteries and beyond.
Personalized Reusable Face Masks with Smart Nano‐Assisted Destruction of Pathogens for COVID‐19: A Visionary Road
Authors: De Sio Luciano , Ding Bin , Focsan Monica , Kogermann Karin , Pascoal‐Faria Paula , Petronela Francesca , Mitchell Geoffrey , Zussman Eyal , Pierini Filippo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) emergency has demonstrated that the utilization of face masks plays a critical role in limiting the outbreak. Healthcare professionals utilize masks all day long without replacing them very frequently, thus representing a source of cross‐infection for patients and themselves. Nanotechnology is a powerful tool with the capability to produce nanomaterials with unique physicochemical and antipathogen properties. Here, how to realize non‐disposable and highly comfortable respirators with light‐triggered self‐disinfection ability by bridging bioactive nanofiber properties and stimuli‐responsive nanomaterials is outlined. The visionary road highlighted in this Concept is based on the possibility of developing a new generation of masks based on multifunctional membranes where the presence of nanoclusters and plasmonic nanoparticles arranged in a hierarchical structure enables the realization of a chemically driven and on‐demand antipathogen activities. Multilayer electrospun membranes have the ability to dissipate humidity present within the mask, enhancing the wearability and usability. The photothermal disinfected membrane is the core of these 3D printed and reusable masks with moisture pump capability. Personalized face masks with smart nano‐assisted destruction of pathogens will bring enormous advantages to the entire global community, especially for front‐line personnel, and will open up great opportunities for innovative medical applications.
Synthesis of Ajoene Analogues by Novel Synthetic Strategies
Authors: Yamamoto Raynbird Marina , Khokhar Shaista S. , Neef Daniel , Evans Gareth J. S. , Wirth Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAjoene is a compound found in garlic extracts exhibiting a large range of biological activity. Novel ajoene analogues have been prepared in the search of compounds with superior bioactivity. Modifications include the alteration of the sulfoxide, the central alkene and the terminal allyl groups.
Confidence in one‐self and confidence in one's own body: The revival of an old paradigm for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Monteleone Alessio Maria , Cascino Giammarco , Martini Matteo , Patriciello Giuseppina , Ruzzi Valeria , Delsedime Nadia , Abbate‐Daga Giovanni , Marzola Enrica 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImpaired interoceptive function represents an important variable in the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa (AN) and is thought to be influenced by maladaptive schemas grounded on early intimate interactions. However, the role of the different psychological processes involved in the interoceptive function has been poorly assessed in AN. We aimed to investigate the associations between adult insecure attachment, interoceptive processes, and psychopathology. One hundred and fifty participants with AN completed self‐report questionnaires: the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, which measures interoception dimensions; the Attachment Style Questionnaire, assessing adult attachment styles, and the Eating Disorder Inventory‐2, exploring eating‐related core symptoms. Pearson's correlations were employed to assess the relationships between MAIA and EDI‐2 subscores. Structural equation models (SEM) were performed to investigate the relationships between insecure attachment dimensions, interoception, and AN core symptoms as latent variables. Body listening, self‐regulating, and trusting were interoceptive dimensions associated with eating psychopathology. As confirmed by an exploratory factor analysis, these interoceptive dimensions are included in a latent variable which points to “confidence” in body sensations. SEM showed that insecure, in particular anxious, attachment predicts body “confidence” and, in turn, AN core symptoms. Confidence in body sensations as a trustworthy source of knowledge represents the specific interoceptive dimension associated with psychopathology in AN. In accordance with Bruch's model of AN, insecure attachment patterns may promote a need to validate inner experiences by external sources conferring vulnerability to symptomatology. These psychopathological pathways could be addressed in clinical interventions.
Peering behind the mask: The roles of reactance and gender in the relationship between self‐esteem and interpersonal problems
Authors: Seidler Zac E. , Rosenberg Jodie , Rice Simon M. , Kealy David , Oliffe John L. , Ogrodniczuk John S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveWhen a client feels a threat to their freedom or autonomy as a result of external feedback, they can act out and respond in maladaptive ways. This state—referred to as reactance—has potential ramifications on interpersonal functioning. However, the underlying factors exacerbating this response including self‐esteem and gender are yet to be extensively explored in a clinical sample. The present study examined whether verbal and/or behavioural reactance mediate the relationship between self‐esteem and interpersonal problems and if this mediational relationship differs between men and women.MethodPatients with personality dysfunction (N = 136) completed pretreatment assessments of reactance, self‐esteem, and interpersonal problems, and a conditional process model using these constructs was tested.ResultsFindings indicated that the moderated mediation model was significant, pointing to behavioural reactance as a significant mediator in the association between self‐esteem and interpersonal problems. Furthermore, the findings revealed that gender moderated the relationship between self‐esteem and behavioural reactance, indicating that this association may apply specifically to men low in self‐esteem.DiscussionThese results shed light on how behavioural reactance may be an important manifestation of low self‐esteem for men and a key contributor to their interpersonal problems. The findings draw attention to the importance of considering different factors at play when working with reactant individuals in therapy.
Psychometric evaluation of the Eating Disorders inYouth‐Questionnairewhen used in adults: Prevalence estimates for symptoms of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and population norms
Authors: Hilbert Anja , Zenger Markus , Eichler Janina , Brähler Elmar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveRestrictive eating behaviors occur across ages, but little is known about symptoms of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), especially in adults. This study sought to examine the prevalence of symptoms of ARFID in the adult population, providing a psychometric evaluation of the Eating Disorders in Youth‐Questionnaire (EDY‐Q) and population norms.MethodIn a representative survey of the German population,N= 2,424 adults (1,297 women, 1,127 men; age 49.5 ± 17.5 years) were assessed with the EDY‐Q and measures of eating disorder and general psychopathology for divergent validation.ResultsThe point prevalence of self‐reported symptoms of ARFID amounted to 0.8% (20/2,424), with 0.8% of women (10/1,297) and 0.9% of men (10/1,127) being affected. Adults with symptoms of ARFID were significantly more likely to have underweight or normal weight, were more likely to report restrictive behaviors and lower levels of eating disorder psychopathology and binge eating than noneating‐disordered controls and adults with symptoms of an eating disorder, but did not significantly differ in levels of compensatory behaviors, or depression and anxiety. The EDY‐Q revealed favorable item statistics, heterogeneity, and satisfactory construct validity, including factorial, discriminant, and divergent validity. Weight‐status specific norms were provided.DiscussionBoth women and men from the population reported symptoms of ARFID with an anthropometric and psychopathological profile similar to that seen in youth with symptoms of ARFID, however, with lower prevalence estimates, and distinctive from that in other eating disorders. Interview‐based assessment of this symptomatology is required to confirm the prevalence of ARFID diagnosis.
Size matters: When resource accessibility by ecosystem engineering elicits wood‐boring beetle demographic responses
Authors: Mourant Alexandre , Lecomte Nicolas , Moreau Gaétan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEpisodic natural disturbances play a key role in ecosystem renewal, and ecological engineering could do so by transforming resource accessibility. While such coupling creates nontrophic and lasting interactions between resource consumers and ecosystem engineers, it is unclear how large the disturbance must be to sustain such coupling. Natural disturbances that occur from the ecological engineering by the Canadian beaver (Castor canadensis) modulate deadwood dynamics in many forest ecosystems. Relying on such episodes of fresh woody debris, primary wood‐boring beetles, organisms that dig tunnels into those debris for reproduction, act as important deadwood decomposers in the ecosystem. Here, we investigate how the age and size of beaver disturbances act as predictors for primary wood‐boring beetle abundance and species richness around beaver‐altered habitat patches. To do so, we sampled beetles around 16 beaver‐disturbed and unaltered watercourses within the Kouchibouguac National Park (Canada) and modeled beetle demographic responses to site conditions and their physical characteristics, distance from the watercourse, deadwood biomass, and the geographical location of the sites. Our results indicate that the size of the disturbance is positively associated with beetle abundance, which highlights unique deadwood dynamics inherent to large beaver ponds. The role of beavers in forest ecosystems by reaching multiple taxa at multiple spatiotemporal scales further exemplifies the need to study nontrophic interactions and their complex consequences in ecosystem management.
Prolactin enhances hippocampal synaptic plasticity in female mice of reproductive age
Authors: Zamora‐Moratalla Alfonsa , Martín Eduardo D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDynamic signaling between the endocrine system (ES) and the nervous system (NS) is essential for brain and body homeostasis. In particular, reciprocal interaction occurs during pregnancy and motherhood that may involve changes in some brain plasticity processes. Prolactin (PRL), a hormone with pleiotropic effects on the NS, promotes maternal behavior and has been linked to modifications in brain circuits during motherhood; however, it is unclear whether PRL may regulate synaptic plasticity. Therefore, the main aim of the present work was to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms triggered by PRL that regulate synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. By analyzing extracellular recordings in CA3‐CA1 synapses of hippocampal slices, we report that PRL modifies short and long‐term synaptic plasticity in female mice of reproductive age, but not in sexually immature females or adult males. This effect is carried out through mechanisms that include participation of GABAA receptors and activation of the JAK2‐mediated signaling pathway. These findings show for the first time how PRL enhances the synaptic strength in hippocampal circuits and that this effect is sexually dimorphic, which would influence complex brain processes in physiological conditions like pregnancy and lactation.
Role of heat source/sink in transient free convective flow through a vertical cylinder filled with a permeable medium: An analytical approach
Authors: Anurag  , Singh Ashok Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, an investigation is performed to analyze the impact of the heat source/sink parameter on the laminar transient free convective flow through a vertical cylinder filled with a permeable medium. The governing nondimensional PDEs of the mathematical model along with their appropriate initial and boundary conditions are solved analytically by incorporating the Laplace transform scheme. Moreover, we explored the impact of emerging physical parameters of the considering model in the presence of the source/sink on the velocity profiles by graphs and tables. It is found that the velocity profile has a increasing tendency with enhancement in the numerical values of the time, which finally attains its steady‐state solution in the presence of heat source/sink. Moreover, the Prandtl number, sink parameter, and viscosity ratio parameter lead to a decrease in the velocity profiles, whereas the reverse phenomenon occurs with the Darcy number and source parameter. Finally, the numerical values of the Nusselt number, skin friction, and mass flux are given in the tabular forms. The main result obtained in this paper is that the velocity is higher in the case of the source parameter, whereas an opposite behavior is observed in the case of the sink parameter.