bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High heel shoes with adjustable height of the heel
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Panda Surya Narayan , Kaushal Rajesh Kumar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
High heel shoes have been worn by women since a long time especially in western culture. Like clothing, high heel shoes are also categorizing as one of the personality symbol. Therefore, it is a necessary part of every woman’s closet. The main objective of the present invention is to disclose a shoe with an automatic adjustable heel using a quite simple and less complex arrangement for adjusting heel height wherein the same is configured to be operated from mobile application. The present literature suggests that the design of the existing solutions is complex. It has been also found from the literature review that wearing high heel shoes for a long duration have certain side effects. Therefore, high heel shoes are worn occasionally. This paper presents the design of an adjustable height of a high heel shoe by using a mobile application as per requirement of the user. A mini screw-jack arrangement connected with a motor unit is placed within a defined heel area. Thus, the dual functionality of the shoe allows women to wear it on special occasion like parties as well as in casual.
Multiple categories of bricks used for construction – A Review
Authors: Raju K. , Ravindhar Dr. S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Bricks are very essential materials and major contributor in construction industry and it helps to build walls, foundation and road pavements. This paper presents detailed review of various types of bricks used in constructions such as burnt clay bricks, concrete bricks, fly ash clay bricks, sand lime bricks and engineering bricks. This paper also provides valuable information in bricks experimental works such as compressive strength, water absorption, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Future progress and scope in bricks research are also discussed by providing some valuable future recommendation.
Increasing the efficiency of solar panel by solar tracking system
Authors: Imthiyas A , Prakash S. , Vijay N , Alwin Abraham A , Ganesh Kumar B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Solar energy is a promising sustainable power source asset. If the solar panels have an opposite profile to the beams of the sun it will create more vitality. The objective of the work is to track the sun, so that the rays of sun will always be in perpendicular with panel. As the cost of manufacturing the solar tracking setup is high, there are alternative less expensive choices that have been proposed. This works aims to design and develop a model of solar tracking system. ATMega328P micro controller is utilized for the manufacture of control circuit. Light Dependent Resistors (LDR) is utilized to recognize daylight which impels the servo motor to turn the solar panel. The solar panel is kept in a region of most extreme exposure to daylight. Greatest torque and speed are achieved by a servo motor. Servo motor is most efficient with the scope of 80-90%. Servo motors are free from vibration issues. Execution and attributes of solar panel are examined tentatively. solar cells made of Silicon produced an maximum efficiency of 20%. Most of the solar panels still operate at level less than 40%. Because of their reduced performance. The initial cost increases due to the purchase of large sized panels, else the number of panels has to be increased. The efficiency and cost of the panel is inversely proportional to each other solar tracking finds a better way of improving the performance without increasing the rate of the panel. The area of exposure to sunlight is increased. Classification is based on the number of trackers single axis trackers are less efficient than Dual trackers A single tracking system is used. It is cheaper, less complex to install and still achieves the required efficiency. The increase in the initial setup cost is negligible when compared to the increase of power output. Maintenance costs are not high.
Design and development of hybrid chassis for two wheeler motorcycle
Authors: Palanivendhan M , Senthilkumar S , Chandradass J , Reddy Vamsi , raju Pranai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The primary objective of this work is to design and develop a hybrid chassis for a two-wheeler motorcycle. Perimeter and Trellis are the most commonly used chassis types in motorcycles. Designing a new hybrid chassis of a two-wheeler for better high-speed stability and agility. Trellis frame is meant for good stiffness and rigidity, which is required for track scenarios, trellis frame consists of metal tubes arranged in triangulated reinforcements, these triangulated trusses eliminate additional resonance frequencies. While a Perimeter frame has a bit of flex and are compact in nature which is used for road-going scenarios. However, chassis stiffness is the most fascinating area of chassis design, as it reduces the overall vibrations induced in a frame which helps in having multiple ways to mount the engine depending on the resonance factors. Engineers want the frame and ancillaries to offer excellent longitudinal stiffness, so the bike stays straight and stable while pulling 1.5g during braking, and they also want enough stiffness so the bike reacts to rider steering inputs. By combining both the parameters and characteristics of perimeter and trellis frame, vibrations can be reduced and both stability and agility are achieved.
Various Alternative Sources for Silica Sand, Binders and Additives in Sand Casting and their Properties – A Review
Authors: Prabhushankar N , Balaji N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Foundries all over the world consume silica sand, clay binders and additives to some proportion for production of green sand castings. Silica sand apart from being used for mould making and core making, it is also used in many areas such as glass making, and construction etc., Consumption of silica sand in large quantities will lead to the depletion of these resources. If an alternative source is identified, the demand on single source will be avoided and the cost of the sand can be lowered drastically. Apart from conventional binders and additives for sand moulding different organic binders and additives are also available by which the sand mould properties can be improved according to the material cast like cast iron, steel, aluminum, brass etc. The search for different alternative sources in sand moulding can lead to good quality sand casting at reduced production cost.
Automatic Gas fired furnace
Authors: Nithya Priya S , Jones Leander , Ranjith Kumar M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The essence of any Foundry is its furnace. The operation of the furnace legally involves the process of melting metal by hand is highly dependent on human performance as well ability. With increasing demand and improved technology, this is a common approach it is quickly replaced by temperature-controlled libraries. Basic the effectiveness of such a control to compare the temperature of the metal with the set melting temperature and send the corresponding output to the heat or heat feature. The type of temperature and the furnace customize the type of controller used. While such a control system exists, other safety and fuel management controls plans are the essentials of a modern day oven. This paper is intended in the construction of such a gas burner control system. Gas exploded Furnace Control System includes an active Burner Management System a large part of the melting process. The Control system is built with emphasis on Flame Feedback method, which was analyzed in detail. The control system is actually a temperature control system which includes sensor inputs including thermocouple and flame rod, and effects such as large gas valve, heat rod and blower fan motor. Thus this system is aimed at proper burner management that facilitates the furnace operation and ensures safety of not only the furnace-burner system but the plant in general.
Design and fabrication of combined Pedal for brake and accelerator
Authors: Senthil Kumar S , Palanivendhan M , Kishore Lalith , Sameer Shaik , Tej Madhu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper deals with the development and working of Accelerator and Brake worked by one pedal, which might be a strategy for decreasing street mishaps. The fundamental target of this advancement is to wipe out the administrator’s danger of squeezing the wrong pedal at the season of crisis and in addition decrease in the driver’s response time to change from acceleration pedal to brakes or the other way around. This new system is composed such that it can be utilized as a part of a car vehicle. The system utilized for consolidated brake and acceleration is straightforward and can be received helpfully. Right now, vehicles are outfitted with autonomous pedal controls for working the acceleration and brake, these pedals being worked by right foot, and since the two capacities are contradicted and contrary it is important to abandon one pedal free keeping in mind the end goal to work the other. It can in this way be gathered that a few drivers experience issues in expelling their foot from the acceleration pedal also, exchanging it to the brake pedal rapidly in crisis circumstances. To take care of this issue, another brake pedal also, acceleration framework is planned.
Experimental Study of CVT for Improving Belt Life by Analyzing the Thermal properties of Sheave Material
Authors: Yokeshwaran S , Palanivendhan M , Bhalara Nishant , Moradia Vishal , Shrivastava Shivam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The CVT or Continuously Variable Transmission is a power transmission device used as a mode of Automatic transmission system with a continuum range of gearing ratios due to its cam-ed sheave design. There are several different design other than conically sloped pulley system, but all of them work on same principle. Previous studies and applications have looked into the problem of heating of the CVT sheaves and belt which has led to reduction of transmission efficiency and reduction of belt life as well as life of sheaves and other parts. Mainly two reasons behind this phenomenon - first, the practical and commercial CVT is far from ideal and has belt slippage in general working environment and then second from this dynamic friction, higher temperatures are observed which in return causes more slippage especially in case of rubber belt which is the most widely used type. After software analysis, choose a thermally best material for the sheaves as a result of the analysis and manufacture a custom CVT and a test rig for it. Thus, finally the testing of such practical apparatus would suggest true results and confirmation to the hypothesis as well as compiling data about the test, equipment working and hurdles in practicality and commercial transformation of the project. In closure, the objective is improvement of CVT belt life by customizing the sheave material of the CVT.
Design and Development of Prototype Model of Advanced Charging System for Energy Efficient Electric Vehicle
Authors: Kiran S , Palanivendhan M , Sharma Vikas , Parihar Rashmita , Singh Anvit Kumar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the present scenario, the Electric Vehicles (EVs) are not much preferred by the customers because they have to search for fast charging stations, wait at long queues for recharging the batteries and also it is difficult to find an appropriate charging port. Hence wireless charging can have remarkable advantages over plug-in charging. The main purpose of introducing electric vehicle was to create a mode of transport which is energy efficient but in coal based countries like India this concept fails. This is because most of the electricity produced in these countries is obtained from coal which indirectly leads electric vehicle to cause equal pollution as the IC Engine vehicle. To ensure that the electric vehicles are energy efficient, charging of electric vehicle by utilizing solar energy is being introduced. The main aim of this paper is to introduce the prototype model of Advance Charging System for energy efficient Electric Vehicle. This paper deals with wireless charging through the concept of Resonant Inductive Power Transfer (RIPT). For Resonant Inductive Power to take place there is need of high frequency and high voltage at the primary coil. To operate the system at high frequency and high voltage, DC-DC Boost Converter along with Class-E Chopper is used. To operate the DC-DC Boost Converter and Class-E Chopper at switching frequency the PIC Microcontroller is used. To give proper pulse width modulation to the MOSFETs of DC-DC Boost converter and Class-E Chopper the gate Driver circuit is designed. The maximum variation in performance is compared with the conventional models and has been found 16% and the maximum output and the working of primary and secondary compensation circuit when charging the battery was calculated and the efficiency was found to be 48 %.
Higher Power Conversion Efficiency on Silicon based Heterojunction Device with FeZnO Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors
Authors: Ravindiran M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Improving the power conversion efficiency of the silicon based solar cell is possible by introducing new materials in the existing device structure to form silicon based heterojunction soar cells. The present research work investigates the modelling of heterojunction solar cell made of FeZnO dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS) sandwiched between the P and N type silicon. Realized results show that the heterojunction device has more than two folds improved efficiency when compared to the solar cell made of single crystalline silicon.
Surface Dosimetry of Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation Using a Colorimetric Technique
Authors: Neu Dylan T , Mead Kenneth R , McClelland Tia L , Lindsley William G , Martin Stephen B , Heil Graeham , See Mitch , Feng H Amy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation uses ultraviolet C (UV-C) energy to disinfect surfaces in clinical settings. Verifying that the doses of UV-C energy received by surfaces are adequate for proper disinfection levels can be difficult and expensive. Our study aimed to test commercially available colorimetric labels, sensitive to UV-C energy, and compare their precision with an accepted radiometric technique. The color-changing labels were found to predictably change color in a dose-dependent manner that would allow them to act as a qualitative alternative to radiometry when determining the minimum UV-C energy dosage received at surfaces. If deployed using careful protective techniques to avoid unintentional exposure to sunlight or other light sources, the use of colorimetric labels could provide inexpensive, easy, and accurate verification of effective UV-C dosing in clinical spaces.
Conditions influencing the appearance of thermal windows and the distribution of surface temperature in hauled-out southern elephant seals
Authors: Guerrero Alicia I , Rogers Tracey L , Sepúlveda Maritza 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPinnipeds (true seals, sea lions and walruses) inhabit two thermally different environments, air and water, so need to make continuous adjustments to maintain a balanced body temperature. The thermal isolation properties of thick blubber keep warmth within the body’s core, ideal for mammals while in the water; however, when on land, this thick blubber makes it difficult to lose heat. Some pinnipeds use thermal windows, discrete patches where temperature changes on their body surface, as a mechanism to dissipate excessive heat. We identify the factors that correlate with the appearance of thermal windows and changes in body surface temperature on southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, while they are hauled out ashore. Infrared thermography was used to measure surface temperature of the seals. Temperature was lower on the torso than the flippers and head, suggesting that not all body sites have the same role in thermal balance. Air temperature was the main driver of variation in the surface temperature of the seals’ flippers and head; seals cool their superficial tissues when the air temperature is below ~ 2°C. This minimizes heat loss by reducing the thermal gradient between their skin and the ambient air. Wind speed was the main predictor of whether thermal windows appear on a seals’ body surface. When wind speed was minimal, thermal windows occurred more often, which may be associated with either hair and skin drying, or producing thermal conditions for hair and skin regrowth. The type of aggregation (huddled or alone) influenced the surface temperature of the fore flippers; however, we did not find statistical influence of the seal’s sex, state of moult, or the substrate on which they were hauled out (kelp or sand). Understanding how animals maintain their thermal balance is important if we are to predict how they will respond to future climate change.
Patient-Centeredness in Older Adults With Multimorbidity: Results of an Online Expert Delphi Study
Authors: Kivelitz Laura , Schäfer Jonas , Kanat Manuela , Mohr Jil , Glattacker Manuela , Voigt-Radloff Sebastian , Dirmaier Jörg 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOlder adults suffering from multimorbidity represent a priority target group for patient-centeredness (PC). We aimed to investigate the transferability of an existing integrated model of PC comprising 15 dimensions on the care of older adults with multimorbidity from an expert perspective.Research Design and MethodsA total of 242 experts were invited to participate in a 2-round online Delphi study. In round 1, they were asked to (a) individually rate relevance and clarity of the dimensions, (b) add missing dimensions, and (c) prioritize the dimensions. In round 2, experts received results of round 1 and were asked to rerate their ratings.ResultsForty-eight experts participated in round 1 and 39 in round 2. Ten dimensions were rated as sufficiently relevant and clear, including one new dimension (“prognosis and life expectancy, burden of treatment”). Four dimensions were rated as relevant but insufficiently clear. One dimension failed to reach our validation threshold on both criteria. The 5 dimensions rated as most important were: “patient as a unique person,” “clinician–patient communication,” “patient involvement in care,” “physical, cognitive, and emotional support,” and “involvement of family and friends.”Discussion and ImplicationsThe experts’ ratings were higher regarding relevance than regarding clarity, which emphasizes the still existing conceptual uncertainty of PC. Our results give further directions regarding the operationalization of PC in older adults with multimorbidity, which is essential for its implementation in routine care. Further refined using focus groups with geriatric patients, our adapted model serves as a basis for a systematic review of assessment instruments.
Shore power vs low sulfur fuel oil: pricing strategies of carriers and port in a transport chain
Authors: Jiao Yan , Wang Chuanxu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With the increasingly serious pollution from the ships berthing at port and the emergence of low-carbon policies, shore power (SP) and low sulfur fuel oil (LSFO) have become effective means to reduce the emissions from ships berthing in the ports. In order to analyse two emission mitigation strategies, we establish a non-cooperative game model in a transport chain consisting of a terminal and two carriers who adopt SP or LSFO strategy and obtain the equilibrium results and pricing strategies under different conditions. We observe that, when the carbon price is lower than a threshold, both carriers will choose LSFO; otherwise, both carriers will adopt SP. However, if the two carriers cooperate to maximize their total profits, they will simultaneously choose LSFO when the carbon price is lower than another threshold or choose SP when the carbon price is higher than the threshold, which will maximize the total profits of the transport chain. If the carbon price is less than the threshold, the consumer surplus will be maximized when two carriers adopt LSFO, otherwise the consumer surplus will be maximized when two carriers use SP. If two carriers cooperate to maximize their total profits, this will maximize the entire transport chain’s profits and the consumer surplus. Finally, the validity of model is verified by taking Shenzhen Port as an example.
Environmental Force Majeure: Relief from Fossil Energy Contracts in the Decarbonisation Era
Authors: Boute Anatole 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article examines whether the collapse of fossil energy markets and the introduction of decarbonisation regulation can trigger force majeure relief from fossil energy contracts. A critique of force majeure clauses from an environmental perspective will help to clarify how energy contracts lock buyers and suppliers into a carbon-intensive path. By not relieving buyers from their purchase obligations, even after respective market meltdowns and the disappearance of demand, force majeure, as defined in most energy contracts, can incentivise irrational energy use and waste, and is thus incompatible with a low-carbon transition. Climate regulation preventing a party from using fossil fuels can excuse performance of the obligation to purchase fossil energy, but the affected party can be required to challenge these decarbonisation measures and thus oppose the low-carbon transition. To avoid these perverse effects and align energy contracts to the reality of decarbonisation, economic hardship and environmental regulation should be explicitly included in force majeure clauses.
Development of PIV measurement technique in turbulent flow laden with binary-size particle groups
Authors: Chen Wei-Cheng , Chang Keh-Chin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is an instantaneous whole-field measuring diagnostic that makes it feasible to measure the microscale spatial information of the interphase dynamics for good understanding of two-phase flow. However, application of PIV to the two-phase flow measurement is still a state of the art so far. A double-discriminating process in terms of gray level and size of image patterns together with the median mask technique is developed. The test flow is a turbulent air wake laden with a binary group of particles with the mean size of 2.7 μm (representing the carrier phase) and 55 μm (representing the dispersed phase). It is demonstrated that the velocity measurements of both phases can be successfully performed through the combined PIV/PTV (particle tracking velocimetry) scheme associated with the developed phase discrimination method. It is noted that the discriminating capability of the size ratio between the large- and small-particle groups in the study is around 20 together with the mean size of O(100 μm) for small particles, which is the commonly required size for the seedings used in the PIV measurements of airflows, as compared to the size of O(101  μm) adopted in the current two-phase PIV measurement methods.