bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitudes and preventative practices (KAPs) towards COVID-19 among international students in China
Authors: Xuelian Wu , Munthali George N. Chidimbah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Despite the world having history of fighting pandemics the coming of Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started in Wuhan in China late last year, has had the worst devastating impacts the world has never seen before. The study aimed to find out about the knowledge, attitudes and preventative practices of COVID-19 among international students in China during the pandemic.Material and methods: A cross-section survey was conducted among 300 international students from 13 different universities in Hubei province of China between March and April 2020 which relied upon convenience sampling method. Data was collected through an online Microsoft questionnaire. The analysis of data was done by using software IBM SPSS version 23 with p-value of 0.05 which was considered as statistical significance. Descriptive analysis and multi-linear regression analysis were conducted to find association between variables.Results and discussion : Out of 300 respondents 153 (51%) of the respondents were female students, of which the majority were single, undergraduate students who were doing medicine 163 (54.3%) and engineering-programmes 68 (22.7%). The results indicated that the vast majority of international students had an impressive knowledge on the causes, risks and spread of COVID-19 and that they were no misconception of the pandemic 229 (76%) to 281 (98%) respectively. These students also demonstrated a markedly positive attitude towards the virus and a feeling that they were almost complete safe being in China 264 (84%). Variations were found on Knowledge scores in age group(P<0.01) and majors (P=0.025), attitude scores on major of study (P=0.015) and experience (P<0.01). Furthermore, the results revealed that almost all the students 300 (100%) adhered to and practiced set preventive measures against COVID-19 and that there was a positive correlation between attitudes and preventative practices (r=0.219, P <0.01).Conclusion: This study found that social media platform was contributing enormously towards information dissemination and Chinese universities were commended for their continuous notifications on COVID-19 which helped students to have full knowledge. This, in turn, was instrumental in helping students to form good attitudes and practices towards COVID-19.
Comparative evaluation of anesthesia methods for reconstructive carotid surgery
Authors: Neymark M. I. , Shmelyov V. V. , Titova Z. A. , Khaustova S. A. , Shadymov B. A. 
Published: November 2020

The objective: to assess the impact of total intravenous and combined anesthesia (consisting of regional block and inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane) on higher mental functions, frequency and nature of postoperative complications in carotid endarterectomy.Subjects and methods. A total of 190 patients with ipsilateral carotid stenosis exceeding 70%, or with the unstable atheromatous plaque were examined. CE was performed in 140 (73.6%) patients, while 50 (26.4%) patients underwent plasty with the autovenous patch. 60 patients had total intravenous anesthesia. The other 60 patients had combination anesthesia (cervical plexus block as per A. Yu. Paschuk + non-inhalation anesthesia with thiopental sodium). In 70 patients, low-flow inhalation anesthesia with sevoran and potentiation of the analgesic effect by bolus administration of fentanyl was performed. The parameters of central hemodynamics, cerebral blood flow, markers of cerebral damage, and state of higher mental functions were assessed.Results. Inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane was characterized by decrease of total peripheral resistance index by 20% (p = 0.002) and SBP by 13% (p = 0.004) compared to baseline values. Moderate reduction of afterload was accompanied by normalization of cardiac and stroke indices. Optimization of the central hemodynamic parameters led to high levels of the linear velocity of cerebral blood flow and cerebral perfusion pressure which at the main stages of the operation did not differ from the control values. At the end of the operation, a statistically significant insignificant increase in intracranial pressure was noted (on average, by 4 mm Hg exceeded values at the previous stages, p = 0.014) and levels of markers of ischemic neuronal damage: the levels of antibodies to protein S-100 increased by 14% (p = 0.043), and NSE – by 2.8 μg/L. During inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane, the lowest number of postoperative neurological and cardiac complications was recorded; they developed only in 6 (8.6%) patients and distributed equally. However, more pronounced postoperative cognitive dysfunction was noted when this method of anesthesia was used.Conclusion. Each method of anesthesia provided an unequal level of cerebral protection from ischemic damage which was manifested by a difference in the severity of disorders of higher mental functions, the number and nature of postoperative neurological complications.
Certain aspects of using Z-score to assess cognitive disorders
Authors: Subbotin V. V. , Dushin I. N. , Kamnev S. A. , Аntipov A. Yu. 
Published: November 2020

Detailed psychological testing is needed to identify cognitive impairments after anesthesia and surgery. This problem can be solved by development of the program of combination psychological tests with their assessment based on the Z-score, also known as the standard deviation test.The objective: to determine reference values of psychological tests to assess the results of Z-score.Subjects and methods. The study was included 30 healthy volunteers and 43 patients who underwent surgery. The panel of psychological tests consisted of the clock drawing test, oral counting test, assessment of short-term memory, sequence set, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and the classic Stroop test. The mean values and standard deviations were calculated for each of the groups to evaluate the test results by Z-score.Results. It was found that using standard deviations obtained in the group of healthy volunteers as reference values for Z-score resulted in a higher percentage of deterioration in the result of repeated tests compared to using reference values obtained in group of patients.Conclusion: When using Z-score for cognitive tests, it is better to use the means and SD obtained in a group of healthy volunteers taking into account the possibility of finding differences where there are none (type I error).
Myocardial function after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting with combined epidural and inhalation anesthesia
Authors: Paromov K. V. , Volkov D. A. , Nizovtsev N. V. , Kirov M. Yu. 
Published: November 2020

There are certain debates regarding epidural anesthesia (EA) and analgesia in cardiac surgery.The objective: to evaluate functions of left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) function with echocardiography after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) using combined inhalation and epidural anesthesia.Subjects and methods: 68 patients were randomized into 2 groups, differed by anesthesia techniques. In Group 1 (GA, n = 34), we used general anesthesia with sevoflurane and fentanyl, while in Group 2 (CA, n = 34) – its combination with epidural anesthesia by 0.5% ropivacaine followed by infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine after OPCAB. Parameters of cardiac performance and ventricular function were assessed by echocardiography.Results. There were no differences in systolic function of LV, RV, diastolic function of LV between the groups. The difference in the left atrial strain was revealed before hospital discharge and made 18.0 (14.5‒21.5) % in CA Group and 24.0 (18.0–26.0)% in GA Group (p = 0.028).Conclusions. The use of epidural anesthesia and analgesia is not associated with clinically significant changes in inotropic and lusitropic functions of LV as well as RV systolic function after OPCAB.
PRODUKTIVITAS JAMU PADA MASYARAKAT ARGOMULYO DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Susilowati Nenden 
Published: November 2020

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi, disiplin dan pengalaman terhadap produktivitas jamu pada masyarakat Argomulyo di tengah pandemi. Penelitian ini berjenis eksplanatif. Populasi dari penelitian adalah masyarakat di Kelurahan Argomulyo. Sampel sejumlah 35 pedagang jamu tradisional dengan pengambilan sampel melalui teknik purposive sampling. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dihasilkan dari penelitian lapangan. Data dikumpulkan lewat angket dan proses pengamatan. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut. Pertama, motivasi memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap produktivitas. Kedua, displin memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap produktivitas. Ketiga, pengalaman memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas. Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of motivation, the discipline and experience on the productivity of herbal medicine in the Argomulyo community during a pandemic. This research is of an explanative type. The population of this research is the people in Argomulyo Village. The sample was 35 traditional herbal medicine traders with a purposive sampling technique. The data used are primary data generated from field research. Data were collected through questionnaires and observation processes. Data analysis using multiple regression analysis. The results of the study are as follows. First, motivation has a significant effect on productivity. Second, the discipline has a significant effect on productivity. The three, experiences have a significant influence on productivity.
DUA DEKADE TERAKHIR NERACA PERDAGANGAN INDONESIA
Authors: Thirafi Luthfi 
Published: November 2020

Abstrak: Era keterbukaan ekonomi mendorong pada terciptanya perekonomian global. Sebagai negara dengan perekonomian terbuka indonesia menjadi bagian dari transaksi internasional tersebut. Untuk itu pemahaman atas neraca perdagangan Indonesia menjadi hal yang sangat penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami kondisi neraca perdagangan Indonesia selama dua dekade terakhir, termasuk saat menghadapi krisis global yang terjadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif sederhana yang dilengkapi oleh penjelasan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum neraca perdagangan Indonesia cenderung berada dalam kondisi surplus meski trennya menurun. Neraca perdagangan Indonesia menunjukkan kekuatan tersendiri dalam menghadapi krisis global. Hal yang menjadi perhatian adalah lebih tingginya pertumbuhan impor indonesia dibandingkan dengan pertumbuhan ekspor indonesia. Selain itu Indonesia juga memiliki ketergantungan pada impor barang mentah. Abstract: The era of economic openness has led to the creation of a global economy. As a country with an open economy, Indonesia is a part of these international transactions. For this reason, understanding Indonesia's trade balance is very important. This study aims to understand the condition of Indonesia's trade balance during the last two decades, including when facing the global crisis that occurred. This study uses a simple quantitative method equipped with descriptive explanations. The results show that in general Indonesia's trade balance tends to be in a surplus condition even though the trend is declining. Indonesia's trade balance shows its strength in facing the global crisis. Of concern, Indonesia's import growth is higher than Indonesia's export growth. Besides, Indonesia also has a dependence on imports of raw goods.
Effectiveness of WeChat for Improving Exclusive Breastfeeding in Huzhu County China: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wu Qiong , Huang Yiwen , Liao Zijun , van Velthoven Michelle Helena , Wang Wei , Zhang Yanfeng 
Published: November 2020

Background
The benefits of breastfeeding for both infants and mothers have been well recognized. However, the exclusive breastfeeding rate in China is low and decreasing. Mobile technologies have rapidly developed; communication apps such as WeChat (one of the largest social networking platforms in China) are widely used and have the potential to conveniently improve health behaviors.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of using WeChat to improve breastfeeding practices.

Methods
This 2-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted among pregnant women from May 2019 to April 2020 in Huzhu County, Qinghai Province, China. Pregnant women were eligible to participate if they were aged 18 years or older, were 11 to 37 weeks pregnant with a singleton fetus, had no known illness that could limit breastfeeding after childbirth, used WeChat through their smartphone, and had access to the internet. A total of 344 pregnant women were recruited at baseline, with 170 in the intervention group and 174 in the control group. Women in the intervention group received breastfeeding knowledge and promotion information weekly through a WeChat official account from their third month of pregnancy to 6 months postpartum. The primary outcome of exclusive and predominant breastfeeding rate was measured 0-1 month, 2-3 months, and 4-5 months postpartum.

Results
At 0-1 month postpartum, the exclusive breastfeeding rate was significantly higher in the intervention group than that in the control group (81.1% vs 63.3%; odds ratio [OR] 2.75, 95% CI 1.58-4.78; P<.001). Similarly, mothers in the intervention group were more likely to provide predominantly breast milk (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.55-4.96; P<.001) and less likely to give dairy products to their children (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.21-0.75; P=.005). There was no statistically significant difference for exclusive breastfeeding rate 2-3 months (P=.09) and 4-5 months postpartum (P=.27), though more children in the intervention group were exclusively breastfed than those in the control group 2-3 months postpartum (intervention: 111/152, 73.0%; control: 96/152, 63.2%) and 4-5 months postpartum(intervention: 50/108, 46.3%; control: 46/109, 42.2%).

Conclusions
This study is the first effort to promote exclusive breastfeeding through WeChat in China, which proved to be an effective method of promoting exclusive breastfeeding in early life. WeChat health education can be used in addition to local breastfeeding promotion programs.

Trial Registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1800017364; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=29325

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.1186/s12889-019-7676-2
كأ ّن:) حقيقتها وداللتها وعالقتها بالنظم عند البالغيني
Authors: Trisnady Ivan Aulia 
Published: November 2020

مل ّخص البحث: يسعى هذا البحث إىل تدقيق النظر يف أداة من أدوات التشبيه االصطالحي - وهي: (كأ ّن) - من حيثحقيقتها، وداللتها، وعالقتها بالنظم عند البالغيني. أما احليثية األوىل - وهي يف حتديد حقيقتها - فقد تناول البح ُثموقف العلماء يف ذلك بني القائلني برتكيبها والقائلني ببساطتها. وأما احليثية الثانية - وهي يف بيان داللتها - فقد َعَر َضاختالفَهم يف ذلك بني القول بأن (كأ ّن) دالة على التشبيه إطالقا، وبني القول بأن إفادهتا التشبيهَ مقيّدةٌ ببعض احلاالت، وأن هلا دالالت أخرى غري التشبيه. وأما احليثية الثالثة - وهي يف تبيني عالقة (كأ ّن) بالنظم عند البالغيني - فقد تطّرق إىلُختم البحثموقف اإلمام عبد القاهر اجلرجاين يف املسألة، وقام بشرح بعض كالمه، وموازنته بكالم غريه من البالغيني. مثباحلديث عن قوة مقدار الشبه يف التشبيه هبذه األداة.
Khashaais Al-Lughah Al-Arabiyyah
Authors: Salam Mahdi Wahyuni 
Published: November 2020

اللغة العربية هلا أنظمة متعددة، فلها نظامها الصويت املوزع توزيعا ال يتعارض فيه صوت مع صوت، وهلا نظامها التشكيلي الذي ال يتعارض فيه موقع مع موقع، وهلا نظامها الصريف الذي ال تتعارض فيه صيغة مع صيغة، وهلا نظامها النحوي الذي ال تتعارض فيه قاعدة مع قاعدة. وتشرتك اللغة العربية مع بقية لغات العامل يف اخلصائص العامة هلاوتنفرد اللغة العربية خبصائص خاصة هبا ومتيز هبا عن غريها من اللغات
PERBEDAAN ANTARA HUKUM PIDANA DALAM QANUN NO. 6 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG JINAYAH DENGAN HUKUM PIDANA INDONESIA (KUHP)
Authors: Saifullah Saifullah 
Published: November 2020

Qanun Aceh Nomor 6 tahun 2014 tentang Jinayah (hukum pidana) memiliki keistimewaan. Dengan keistimewaan ini, Aceh menjadi satu-satunya propinsi di Indonesia yang mendapat legitimasi untuk menerapkan beberapa hukuman pidana yang berbeda dengan hukuman pidana yang tercantum dalam KUHP yang berlaku secara umum di Indonesia seperti hukuman cambuk dan denda dengan emas murni. Keistimewaan seperti ini pasti menimbulkan berbagai problema, di antaranya pertama, bagaimana Pemerintah Aceh menerapkan hukum pidana yang berbeda dengan hukum yang berlaku secara umum di Indonesia sedangkan Aceh tunduk di bawah Pemerintah Indonesia dan bukan sebuah negara yang merdeka yang dapat membentuk perundang-undangan secara leluasa sebagaimana yang diinginkannya? Kedua, apakah tidak akan terjadinya pertentangan antara Qanun Jinayah Aceh dengan KUHP di dalam praktek? Lalu apa keunggulan dan kelebihan Qanun Jinayah jika dibandingkan dengan KUHP sehingga Pemerintah Aceh menyusun dan menerapkan Qanun tersebut?Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan melakukan studi dan analisis serta menitikberatkan kepada perbandingan antara hukum pidana yang terdapat dalam Qanun Aceh No. 6 tahun 2014 tentang jinayah dan hukum pidana yang terdapat dalam Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) sebagai rujukan utama dan sumber primer hukum pidana di Indonesia.Dari hasil penelitian terhadap kedua aturan perundang-undangan di atas, penelitian ini menyimpulkan adanya beberapa perbedaan yang sangat signifikan antara keduanya sehingga penelitian ini perlu dibaca, dianalisis dan dikaji lebih mendalam oleh para pemangku jabatan (stakeholder) di Propinsi Aceh yang bertujuan untuk menindaklanjuti dan menyempurnakan berbagai sarana dan perangkat hukum yang dapat mendukung penerapannya. Kata Kunci: Perbedaan-Qanun Aceh No. 4 tahun 2014- KUHP
Entrevista com Gabriel Ignácio Anitua
Authors: Alves Tamires Maria , Gusis Gabriela Laura 
Published: November 2020

Gabriel Ignacio Anitua É Defensor Público Oficial perante os Tribunais Orais Criminais de Buenos Aires. É advogado, formado em direito e licenciado em sociologia pela Universidade de Buenos Aires. Realizou mestrado em “Sistema Penal e Problemas Sociais” pela Universidade de Buenos Aires. Também tem diploma de Estudos avançados em Direito Penal pela Universidade do País Basco (1999) e defendeu seu doutorado em 2003 na Universidade de Barcelona. É autor de extensa bibliografia, e a maioria de suas obras discorre sobre temáticas relacionadas ao direito penal destacando-se a sua grande obra "História dos Pensamentos Criminológicos" traduzida pela Editora Revan
Entrevista com Maria Amélia de Almeida Teles
Authors: De Hollanda Cristina Buarque 
Published: November 2020

Maria Amélia de Almeida Teles Maria Amélia de Almeida Teles é feminista e militante de direitos humanos. Entre outras funções públicas que desempenhou depois da redemocratização, foi assessora da Comissão da Verdade do Estado de São Paulo Rubens Paiva.
Penerepan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Sikap Ilmiah dan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Mahasiswa pada Mata Kuliah Ekologi Tumbuhan
Authors: Purwanto Hadi , Aminah Siti , Ramadhani Witri , Azim Fauzan 
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the increase in scientific attitudes and cognitive learning outcomes of students in plant ecology courses through the application of problem-based learning models. This research was conducted on 4D grade students of the Biology Education Study Program, FKIP Riau Islamic University. This research is a classroom action research conducted in two cycles, each cycle consisting of four stages, namely planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. Data were collected through observation sheets and cognitive learning outcomes tests. The results of data analysis in the first and second cycles showed an increase in students' scientific attitudes by 12.03% and an increase in student absorption from the first cycle to the second cycle by 5.5% and classical completeness increased by 20% from the first cycle to the second cycle. In general, it can be concluded that the application of problem-based learning models can improve scientific attitudes and cognitive learning outcomes of 4D grade students of the Biology Education Study Program, FKIP Riau Islamic University in plant ecology courses.Keywords: cognitive learning outcomes, scientific attitude, problem based learning modelABSTRAK.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan sikap ilmiah dan hasil belajar kognitif mahasiswa pada mata kuliah ekologi tumbuhan melalui penerapan model pembelajaran problem based learning. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada mahasiswa kelas 4D Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Islam Riau. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Data dikumpulkan melalui lembar observasi dan tes hasil belajar kognitif. Hasil analisis data siklus pertama dan kedua menunjukkan adanya peningkatan sikap ilmiah mahasiswa sebesar 12,03% dan daya serap mahasiswa mengalami peningkatan dari siklus pertama ke siklus kedua sebesar 5,5% serta ketuntasan klasikal meningkat sebesar 20% dari siklus pertama ke siklus kedua. Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran problem based learning dapat meningkatkan sikap ilmiah dan hasil belajar kognitif mahasiswa kelas 4D Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Islam Riau pada mata kuliah ekologi tumbuhan. Kata kunci: Hasil belajar kognitif, sikap ilmiah, model pembelajaran berbasis masalah