bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Medical Device’s Regulatory Framework and Its Impact on the Medical Device’s Industry: From the Medical Device Directives to the Medical Device Regulations
Authors: Contardi Magali 
Published: November 2019

Changes in the Medical Device’s Regulatory Framework and Its Impact on the Medical Device’s Industry: From the Medical Device Directives to the Medical Device Regulations
Similar to pharmaceutical products, medical devices play an increasingly important role in healthcare worldwide by contributing substantially to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. From the patent law perspective both, pharmaceutical products and a medical apparatus, product or device can be patented if they meet the patentability requirements, which are novelty, inventiveness and entail industrial applicability. However, regulatory issues also impact on the whole cycle of the innovation. At a European level, enhancing competitiveness while ensuring public health and safety is one of the key objectives of the European Commission. This article undertakes literature review of the current and incoming regulatory framework governing medical devices with the aim of highlighting how these major changes would affect the industry at issue. The analysis is made in the framework of an on-going research work aimed to determine whether SPCs are needed for promoting innovation in the medical devices industry. A thorough analysis the aforementioned factors affecting medical device’s industry will allow the policymakers to understand the root cause of any optimal patent term and find appropriate solutions.
Eustatic Driver and Stratigraphic Response in an Ancient Continent Margin Turbidite System, Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup, Western Canada
Authors: Arnott R.W.C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Deep marine rocks of the Windermere Supergroup record a several km-thick sedimentary pile that accumulated along the passive continental margin of Neoproterozoic Laurentia (ancestral North America). The succession comprises mostly siliciclastic sedimentary rocks intercalated with carbonate and mixed carbonate-siliciclastic intervals that range up to a few 100 m in thickness. Observations along a several 100 km-long depositional transect that stretches from upper slope canyons to deep basin-floor deposits shows a number of systematic changes that appear to be principally controlled by changes of eustasy. Significantly, these changes are only recognized in the slope part of the transect.
Slope deposits form a ~2 km-thick succession dominated by thin-bedded turbidites that locally are intercalated with up to &gt;100 m-thick by several km-wide erosional and leveed channel complexes. Channels exhibit two end member kinds of fill: aggradational and laterally accreting. Aggradationally filled channels are flanked by well developed sandy levees compared to mud-rich levees in the case of laterally accreting channels. Unlike aggradationally filled channels and laterally accreting channels are associated with the input of carbonate sediment, typically in the form of carbonate-cemented sandstone and mudstone clasts. Additionally, evidence of mass wasting, evidenced by thickly developed and areally extensive debrites, slump, and slide deposits, become an important component in the stratigraphy. Fragments within these strata, namely stromatolite and oolite fragments, in addition to abundant carbonate-cemented sandstone and mudstone clasts, indicates the resedimentation of debris sourced from an upslope shallow-water carbonate platform under late transgressive, highstand and possibly also early falling stage conditions. Specifically, the rise of eustasy is interpreted to have not only initiated the development of a carbonate platform, and thereby the input of carbonate sediment, but more importantly changed the make-up of the siliciclastic sediment supply, principally in terms of its grain size and grain-size distribution.
Shale Sequence Stratigraphy: Erle Kauffman Got it Mostly Right 40 Years Ago
Authors: Hart Bruce 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Shale Revolution caught sedimentary geologists by surprise. Unlike deltas, submarine fans, carbonate ramps or other types of depositional systems, there were no ready-made shale facies models that could be used to help guide the exploration and development of source-rock reservoirs (Haynesville, Barnett, Eagle Ford, etc.). More than 15 years after the initial Barnett Shale boom, the sedimentary geology community still lacks widely applied shale facies models that integrate sedimentology, lithology, organic geochemistry and other aspects of shales in ways that can be used to understand and predict the distribution of properties of economic importance. Because depositional systems are the fundamental building blocks of systems tracts, sequence stratigraphic analyses of fine-grained systems (important as source rocks, reservoirs, seals, intra-formational seals, etc. in the petroleum industry) is problematic.
The Use of Chemostratigraphy to Refine Ambiguous Sequence Stratigraphic Correlations in Marine Shales: An Example from the Woodford Shale, Oklahoma
Authors: Turner Bryan W. , Tréanton Jessica A. , Slatt Roger M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Identifying distinct facies shifts within mudrocks has made it difficult to build sequence stratigraphic frameworks within fine-grained lithologies. Three cores from Lincoln, Pottawatomie, and Pontotoc counties and two outcrops at the Hunton anticline quarry in Murray County cover proximal and distal regions of the Arkoma basin within southern Oklahoma. Chemostratigraphic and gamma-ray profiles supplemented with lithologic descriptions can be used to build sequence stratigraphic interpretations within mudrock systems.
Detrital sediment input is associated with Ti, Zr, Al, and K. The degree of basin restriction correlates with Mo and V concentrations, barring certain mineralogical affinities. Silicon is found in biogenic quartz, detrital quartz, feldspars, and clays. However, evaluating Si as a ratio between Si/Al, in conjunction with the Ti and Zr concentrations, the Si/Al ratio provides a rough approximation for the amount of biogenic quartz present within a sample. At several horizons in the Woodford, the Si/Al value spikes, and the Ti and Zr values drop; these spikes are interpreted as planktonic blooms.
Stratigraphic successions with ambiguous gamma-ray profiles correlations can be correlated accurately by utilizing surfaces that are recognized within chemostratigraphic profiles. Within the Arkoma basin, the chemostratigraphic profile of the Woodford Shale is interpreted within a sequence-stratigraphic framework using the following general criteria. Progradational packages record increasing concentrations of Ti, Zr, Al, and K. Retrogradational packages record a declining trend in these elements, indicating the transgressive systems tract. Lowstand system tracts and highstand system tracts can be distinguished by the degree of bottom-water restriction. Low base level correlates to a greater degree of basin restriction.
Impact of Salt Tectonics on Mesozoic Carbonate Platform Development: Insights from Outcrop Analogues (High-Atlas, Morocco)
Authors: Joussiaume Rémi , Razin Philippe , Malaval Manon , Grélaud Carine , Martin-Martin Juan Diego , Saura Eduard , Moragas Mar , Vergés Jaume , Messager Grégoire , Hunt David W. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Carbonate platforms affected by salt tectonics form important hydrocarbon reservoirs. In an effort to gain new insights of the impact of diapirism on carbonate systems we have undertaken an integrated structural and sedimentological study of Jurassic carbonate platforms of the Moroccan High-Atlas basin. In this natural laboratory, the scale of outcrop exposure is similar in area to a large offshore seismic data set, and field observations provide high details on the geometries and facies distributions around diapiric structures.
The Atlas intracontinental basin initiated during the Triassic, contemporaneously with Atlantic rifting. The Triassic synrift sequence includes thick shales and evaporite deposits accumulated in multiple tectonic sub-basins. A thick (&gt;5000m) Jurassic sequence was deposited during an overall post-rift stage in a west-southwest/east-northeast shallow-marine basin open towards the NeoTethys. Since the Sinemurian, sedimentation was mainly carbonates. However, geodynamic events linked with the evolution of the Atlantic margin produced several phases of clastic influx leading to the development of mixed systems (Toarcian and Bathonian).
During the Early Pliensbachian, an extensional tectonic event triggered synsedimentary diapiric movements which locally lasted until the Cretaceous. These movements were responsible for the development of narrow diapiric ridges of large extent (&gt;100km), controlled by normal west-southwest/east-northeast relay faults. These ridges were separating several kilometers-wide elongated mini-basins, which subsidence was induced by salt/shale withdrawal.
Regionally, diapiric movements have been discontinuous in time and space, leading to significant thickness variations within the different stratigraphic units. However, diapirism has not had any major influence on the nature and distribution of sedimentary systems at the basin scale. The impact of diapirs remains essentially localized in the immediate vicinity of these structures (km-scale), where they affected both stratigraphic geometries and facies distribution. This impact appears to be very different in oolitic and mixed ramp systems in which subtle differentiation of depositional profiles controlled progressive facies variations, or in bioconstructed carbonate systems in which diapiric movements had a major role on the location and morphology of platform margins and associated “micro-rim-basins.” In return, the geometry of the diapirs has been clearly influenced by the lithology of surrounding rocks.
Outcomes and Adverse Effects With Peramivir for the Treatment of Influenza H1N1 in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients
Authors: Witcher Robert , Tracy Joanna , Santos Laura , Chopra Arun 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES Influenza is an environmental pathogen and infection presents as a range from asymptomatic to fulminant illness. Though treatment is supportive, antiviral agents have a role in the management of infection. Pediatric use of peramivir is largely based on reports and extrapolations of pharmacokinetic data. We seek to describe efficacy and safety of peramivir in critically ill pediatric patients.
METHODS This is a retrospective, institutional review board–approved chart review of all patients under 21 years of age, admitted to the PICU, and treated with peramivir for influenza H1N1 infection between January 1, 2016, and March 31, 2016, at a single-center, 12-bed PICU. The primary outcome was time to sustained resolution of fever; secondary outcomes included dose, duration, and adverse effects of peramivir therapy.
RESULTS Seven patients were included with median age of 3.7 years. Median time to sustained resolution of fever was 49.3 hours, median duration of mechanical ventilation was 14.2 days, median ICU LOS was 18.7 days, and hospital LOS was 24.7 days. No patients suffered mortality. Three patients experienced leukopenia, one of which experienced a concurrent neutropenia. Three patients experienced hyperglycemia, 2 experienced hypertension, 1 experienced increased aspartate aminotransferase and increased alanine aminotransferase, and 1 experienced diarrhea. All adverse events assessed were classified as possible using published adverse event causality assessments.
CONCLUSIONS Peramivir has been shown to be an effective therapy for the treatment of influenza H1N1 in critically ill pediatric patients. In our experience with 7 pediatric patients, peramivir was well tolerated at typical durations of therapy; however, increased vigilance is warranted during prolonged courses or in patients with reasons for altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
L’accord commercial entre le Canada et l’Union européenne prévoit-il une résolution des différends par arbitrage ou règlement judiciaire ?
Authors: Bjorklund Andrea K. , Brosseau Jonathan 
Published: November 2019

En octobre 2015, l’Union européenne (UE) a inauguré sa stratégie de libre-échange, Le commerce pour tous, qui spécifiait que la Commission européenne inclurait dorénavant dans ses accords commerciaux modernisés un « système juridictionnel public des investissements », composé d’un Tribunal de première instance et d’un Tribunal d’appel, qui opèrerait à la manière des cours traditionnelles. Un système juridictionnel des investissements (SJI) a depuis été intégré dans l’Accord économique et commercial global entre l’UE et le Canada, dans l’Accord de libre-échange entre l’UE et le Vietnam, dans l’Accord de libre-échange entre l’UE et Singapour et dans l’Accord global UE-Mexique. Est-ce que le SJI est réellement une cour, comme le soutiennent les parties signataires ? En se fondant sur des arguments de théorie juridique et politique, il appert que le SJI représente un hybride entre l’arbitrage consensuel et les cours nationales et internationales. Plus précisément, il constitue une forme davantage institutionnalisée d’arbitrage d’investissement. Le SJI est basé sur le consentement bilatéral et limité des parties, il adopte l’idée d’avoir un représentant neutre sur le banc (bien que plus éloigné des parties au différend spécifique) et il est constitué de manière à rendre justice principalement pour les parties en cause plutôt que pour assurer le développement cohérent du droit dans l’arbitrage d’investissement plus largement. Il s’écarte des arbitrages traditionnels en incorporant des règles de procédure et des garanties éthiques plus robustes et détaillées, mais il ne constitue pas une cour à part entière.
Le principe de consentement libre, préalable et éclairé et son application dans la collecte des données du patrimoine culturel immateriel
Authors: Li Wang 
Published: November 2019

Le principe de « consentement libre, préalable et éclairé » (CLPE) a, depuis son émergence, vécu une évolution bipolarisée, partant d’un « contrôle d’entrée » de produits dangereux, pour devenir un outil de « contrôle de sortie » pour les ressources biologiques comme culturelles des communautés avec l’adoption du Protocole de Nagoya à la Convention sur la diversité biologique. Cette évolution a rejoint l’apparition de la notion de patrimoine culturel immatériel avec la Convention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel, qui a, elle aussi, pour mission de garantir une protection juridique en droit international aux communautés. Néanmoins, dans ce processus de protection du patrimoine culturel immatériel, en particulier lors de la collecte des données, les communautés n’échappent toujours pas au danger de voir leur parole ignorée. Elles doivent parfois se confronter à une rhétorique officielle sur leur culture à laquelle elles n’adhèrent pas, d’une part, et aux collectes numérisées des données qui peuvent poser des problèmes de sensibilité culturelle, d’autre part. Dans cette circonstance, le principe de CLPE peut proposer une protection aux communautés, réduire les risques d’utilisation déformante et culturellement offensante, et à un certain degré éviter la divulgation de secrets culturels, parfois susceptible aussi d’être secrets commerciaux. De même, les États peuvent aussi bénéficier de ce principe pour diminuer les risques d’ingérence dans l’exercice de leur mission de protection du patrimoine. Aujourd’hui, devant la tension du droit à l’autodétermination, le recours à des dispositions législatives internes semble encore le moyen à privilégier pour la mise en oeuvre du principe de CLPE dans le domaine du patrimoine culturel immatériel. Pour mieux appliquer la surveillance de « sortie » que ce principe de CLPE propose, les États devraient, à travers un processus « descendant » en droit international, définir les procédures et conditions claires de dévoilement d’information, et instaurer le CLPE en tant qu’obligation de résultat dans leurs législations internes.
Imaginaires géographiques de la francophonie minoritaire canadienne chez des immigrants et des réfugiés d’expression française1
Authors: Veronis Luisa , Huot Suzanne 
Published: November 2019

Le rôle des représentations sociales et spatiales dans les processus d’inclusion et d’exclusion constitue un terrain d’étude privilégié pour comprendre les relations de pouvoir entre groupes dominants et dominés. Le but de cet article est de poser un regard nouveau sur cette question en adoptant le concept d’imaginaires géographiques pour examiner les représentations que des immigrants et des réfugiés d’expression française se font des communautés francophones en situation minoritaire (CFSM) au Canada. Pour ce faire, nous présentons les résultats d’une étude de cas instrumentale sur les expériences d’immigrants francophones dans deux villes comportant des CFSM en Ontario : London et Ottawa. Notre analyse met en lumière les dynamiques sociospatiales de la francophonie minoritaire canadienne telles qu’elles sont perçues par les immigrants francophones et leur rôle dans la négociation de leur appartenance.
Norske menn og etternamnsval i heterofile forhold
Authors: Grønstad Line Førre 
Published: November 2019

Medan talet på norske kvinner som bytar til sin mannlege partnars etternamn har minka dei siste 15 åra, står talet på norske menn som tek etternamnet til ein kvinneleg partnar stabilt på 5-6%, også i 2018, i følgje ei undersøking gjennomført i høve doktorgradsprosjektet mitt. Eg undersøker forteljingar om etternamn frå 63 mannlege bytarar og 97 menn som har heldt på oppvekstnamnet sitt, samla inn, hovudsakleg gjennom kvalitative spørjelister med supplerande intervju.
Fleire mønster er tydelege på tvers av forteljingane. Oppfatningar av tradisjonar speler inn for begge gruppene med menn. Det same gjer ulike forståingar av identitet. Medan individ blant begge gruppene med menn kom inn på temaet likestilling i sine forteljingar, var det berre bytarane som var innom humor på kostnad av etternamnsvalet sitt i sine forteljingar. Måtane dei ulike mønstra kom til synes i forteljingane på, varierte mellom dei to gruppene med menn, men også innanfor dei to gruppene kunne det vere stor variasjon i kva og korleis mønstra vart vektlagd og tillagt meining. Bak ligg ulike forståingar av kva som inngjekk, og kunne inngå, i det mannlege og umannlege.
Mest sentralt hos flest sto likevel kjernefamilien og oppvekstfamilien. Med hovudvekt på forteljingar om forholdet til familien, går eg i dette innlegget nærare inn på menn sine etternamnsval. Eg søker å svare på: Korleis speler familien inn i etternamnsvala? Korleis spela vektinga av, og innanfor, dei ulike mønstra inn i at nokon valde å byte namn medan andre ikkje gjorde det? Og vidare: Korleis skilde gruppa med bytarar seg frå gruppa med menn som heldt på oppvekstnamnet sitt?
Characteristics of an infrared sensor formed with a few molecular layers of vinylidene fluoride oligomers with in situ poling during vacuum evaporation
Authors: Sutani Yohei , Fukushima Tatsuya , Koshiba Yasuko , Horike Shohei , Kodani Tetsuhiro , Kanemura Takashi , Ishida Kenji 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Perpendicularly oriented vinylidene fluoride oligomer thin films with six molecular layers were poled during vacuum evaporation (in situ poling) using a micro-gapped comb-like electrode, and their pyroelectric characteristics were investigated. The extent of polarization achieved with in situ poling performed by applying a low electric field (7.7 MV m−1) is the same as that achieved by conventional post-poling with the application of a high electric field (>100 MV m−1). Despite using a film with a few molecular layers, the in situ poled sensor showed pyroelectric response without the use of an infrared ray absorption layer; voltage sensitivity of 198 V W−1 was obtained, which is much higher than that of the post-poled sensor (∼16 V W−1). The improvement in sensitivity is attributed to the amount of charge injected during the poling treatment.
They Will Have Their Game
Authors: Cohen Kenneth 
Published: November 2019

They Will Have Their Game explores how sports, drinking, gambling, and theater produced a sense of democracy while also reinforcing racial, gender, and class divisions in early America. Drawing on unparalleled research into the personal papers of the investors behind sporting events, Cohen demonstrates how investors, participants, and professional performers from all sorts of backgrounds saw these "sporting" activities as stages for securing economic and political advantage over others. The book tracks the evolution of this fight for power from 1760 to 1860, showing how elites gradually conceded their hopes for exclusive gentility and embraced a more democratic and commercial mass sporting culture while maintaining power by agreeing to limit access according to race and gender as well as incubating respect for wealth and offices won on the allegedly open and level playing fields of electoral “races” and the “game” of business. Compelling narratives about individual participants illustrate the negotiations by which sporting discourse and experience created opportunities for self-assertion across class, racial, and gender boundaries even as they also normalized economic and political inequality along those lines. In the end, Cohen’s arguments question the influence of ideas such as “gentility” and “respectability” in the standard narrative of commercial popular culture, and put men like P.T. Barnum at the end instead of the beginning of the process, unveiling a new take on the creation of the white male republic of the early nineteenth century that puts sporting activities at the center rather than the margins of economic and political history.
Comparison of Vitamin C Content of Commercially Available Fresh Fruits
Authors: Popova Aneta 
Published: November 2019

Aims: The aim of the current paper is to identify the ascorbic acid level in ten commercially available fruits in order to expand the existing database about fruits rich in Vitamin C and to promote their daily consumption.
Study Design: Research was conducted experimentally.
Place and Duration of Study: University of food technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, October 2019.
Methodology: Ascorbic acid levels were determined with the use of two oxidation-reduction titration methods – Dichlorophenoliodophenol (DCPIP) and N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS).
Results: All studies samples possessed different amounts of ascorbic acid. Both DCPIP and NBS assay resulted in determining strawberries as the fruit with the highest ascorbic acid levels – 55.1 ± 1.6 mg/100 g and 59.8 ± 2.2 mg/100 g respectively. Lowest values were obtained for fig. All results are commensurable to those obtained in other studies. Ascorbic acid levels were as follows: strawberries > grapefruit > pear > green apple > blueberries > quince > banana > plum > white grapes > fig.
Conclusion: In this study, ten commercially available fruits were studied for their ascorbic acid levels. Comparison between two titration methods showed moderate differences in the results confirming that the NBS method is more sensitive. All reported data confirms that differences occur, but fruits can be considered sources of vitamin C.