bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triboelectric Touch‐Free Screen Sensor for Noncontact Gesture Recognizing
Authors: Tang Yingjie , Zhou Hao , Sun Xiupeng , Diao Ninghua , Wang Jianbo , Zhang Baosen , Qin Cheng , Liang Erjun , Mao Yanchao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn intelligent human–machine interface (HMI) is a crucial medium for exchanging information between people and electronics. As one of the most important HMI devices, touch screen sensors are widely applied in personal electronics in daily life. However, as the most commonly used touch screen sensor, capacitive sensors can only detect limited kinds of gestures such as touching and sliding. Here, a triboelectric touch‐free screen sensor (TSS) is reported for recognizing diverse gestures in a noncontact operating mode by utilizing the charges naturally carried on the human body. Compared with conventional capacitive sensors, the TSS is capable of detecting various gestures such as the drop and lift of finger with different speeds, making a fist, opening palm, and flipping palm with different directions. Based on the TSS, an intelligent noncontact screen control system is further developed, which is used to unlock the smartphone interface by the noncontact operating mode. This research for the first time proposes the concept that taking the human body itself to participate in triboelectric self‐powered noncontact sensing and provides a touch‐free design concept to develop the next generation of screen sensors. It can alter the usual way that people operating their personal electronics.
Learned Integrated Sensing Pipeline: Reconfigurable Metasurface Transceivers as Trainable Physical Layer in an Artificial Neural Network
Authors: del Hougne Philipp , Imani Mohammadreza F. , Diebold Aaron V. , Horstmeyer Roarke , Smith David R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe rapid proliferation of intelligent systems (e.g., fully autonomous vehicles) in today's society relies on sensors with low latency and computational effort. Yet current sensing systems ignore most available a priori knowledge, notably in the design of the hardware level, such that they fail to extract as much task‐relevant information per measurement as possible. Here, a “learned integrated sensing pipeline” (LISP), including in an end‐to‐end fashion both physical and processing layers, is shown to enable joint learning of optimal measurement strategies and a matching processing algorithm, making use of a priori knowledge on task, scene, and measurement constraints. Numerical results demonstrate accuracy improvements around 15% for object recognition tasks with limited numbers of measurements, using dynamic metasurface apertures capable of transceiving programmable microwave patterns. Moreover, it is concluded that the optimal learned microwave patterns are nonintuitive, underlining the importance of the LISP paradigm in current sensorization trends.
Contrasting effects of host tree isolation on population connectedness in two tropical epiphytic bromeliads
Authors: Amici Autumn A. , Nadkarni Nalini M. , DiBlasi Emily , Seger Jon 
Published: December 2019

PremiseConversion of primary forests to pastures is a major cause of habitat fragmentation in the tropics. Fragmentation is expected to impede gene flow for many plant species that are restricted to remaining forest fragments. Epiphytes may be especially vulnerable to this effect of forest fragmentation because they depend on host trees. However, trees that remain in pastures may enhance connectivity across the landscape for epiphyte species that can thrive on such trees. To investigate this possibility, we studied the genetic structures of two such species on isolated pasture trees and surrounding forest, in relation to their local abundances in different habitat types and aspects of their reproductive biology including pollen and seed dispersal agents, and looked for evidence of increased or diminished gene flow.MethodsWe used microsatellite markers to assess geographic patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation in two epiphytic bromeliads, Catopsis nitida and Werauhia tonduziana, in the Monteverde region of Costa Rica.ResultsAbout 85% of the FST value for Catopsis nitida was found among pastures within regions, while for Weruahia tonduziana, about 80% of the FST value was contributed by differences between regions, indicating much more gene flow within regions, relative to C. nitida.ConclusionsAlthough there was substantial genetic differentiation among epiphyte populations, those on isolated pasture trees were not substantially less diverse than those in adjacent forests, suggesting that pasture trees may serve as “stepping stones” that help these species maintain their genetic connectedness and diversity at larger geographic scales.
Self‐Amplified Photodynamic Therapy through the 1O2‐Mediated Internalization of Photosensitizers from a Ppa‐Bearing Block Copolymer
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Cao Tianye , Xue Yudong , Li Mengting , Wu Mengsi , Engle Jonathan W. , He Qianjun , Cai Weibo , Lan Minbo , Zhang Weian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNanocarriers are employed to deliver photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) through the enhanced penetration and retention effect, but disadvantages including the premature leakage and non‐selective release of photosensitizers still exist. Herein, we report a 1O2‐responsive block copolymer (POEGMA‐b‐P(MAA‐co‐VSPpaMA) to enhance PDT via the controllable release of photosensitizers. Once nanoparticles formed by the block copolymer have accumulated in a tumor and have been taken up by cancer cells, pyropheophorbide a (Ppa) could be controllably released by singlet oxygen (1O2) generated by light irradiation, enhancing the photosensitization. This was demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and in vivo fluorescence imaging. The 1O2‐responsiveness of POEGMA‐b‐P(MAA‐co‐VSPpaMA) block copolymer enabled the realization of self‐amplified photodynamic therapy by the regulation of Ppa release using NIR illumination. This may provide a new insight into the design of precise PDT.
Structure‐Independent Conductance of Thiophene‐Based Single‐Stacking Junctions
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Wu Qingqing , Bai Jie , Hou Songjun , Jiang Wenlin , Tang Chun , Song Hang , Huang Xiaojuan , Zheng Jueting , Yang Yang , Liu Junyang , Hu Yong , Shi Jia , Liu Zitong , Lambert Colin J. , Zhang Deqing , Hong Wenjing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe experimental investigation of intermolecular charge transport in π‐conjugated materials is challenging. Herein, we describe the investigation of charge transport through intermolecular and intramolecular paths in single‐molecule and single‐stacking thiophene junctions by the mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) technique. We found that the ability for intermolecular charge transport through different single‐stacking junctions was approximately independent of the molecular structure, which contrasts with the strong length dependence of conductance in single‐molecule junctions with the same building blocks, and the dominant charge‐transport path of molecules with two anchors transited from an intramolecular to an intermolecular path when the degree of conjugation increased. An increase in conjugation further led to higher binding probability owing to the variation in binding energies, as supported by DFT calculations.
MgO‐ZrO2 Mixed Oxides as Effective and Reusable Base Catalysts for Glucose Isomerization into Fructose in Aqueous Media
Authors: Rabee Abdallah I. M. , Le Son Dinh , Nishimura Shun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMgO‐ZrO2 mixed oxides prepared with different Mg/Zr atomic ratios (denoted as xMZ: where x is the atomic ratio of Mg/Zr) are investigated for the glucose isomerization to fructose in water at 95 °C. The highest fructose yield of 33 % is obtained over 0.76MZ with ≈74 % selectivity after 3 h. To gain insight into the structure–activity relationships, the prepared catalysts are characterized by N2 physisorption, XRD, FTIR and CO2‐TPD. The results indicate that the addition of MgO drastically changed the textual property of ZrO2 and increased the number of basic sites. The kinetic studies revealed that the Lewis basic sites (cus‐O2−) generated from the highly dispersed MgO are the active sites responsible for the enhanced isomerization activity. Notably, MZ is reusable for four runs without a significant decrease in catalyst activity. Accordingly, this study provides an easily prepared, cheap, and recyclable catalyst that may hold great potential for fructose production.
A simple set of indices describing the Tropical Rain Belt over central and southern Africa
Authors: Nikulin Grigory , Hewitson Bruce 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the variability of the Tropical Rain Belt (TRB) in Africa is a challenging task due to complex interactions among global, regional and local drivers of rainfall. A simple method that provides a set of three indices describing large‐scale spatial–temporal characteristics of the TRB over central and southern Africa is introduced. The method is based on approximation of a meridional cross‐section of monthly mean precipitation by the Gaussian function. The three parameters of the Gaussian function correspond to the three TRB indices, namely: intensity, location and width. It is shown how the TRB indices can be used for describing the climatology of the TRB, for estimating observational uncertainties, and for evaluating the ERA‐Interim and ERA5 reanalyses against observations. Simplicity and flexibility of the method allow using the TRB indices for a wide range of applications, including evaluation of climate models and assessment of projected climate change in tropical rainfall.
Dauerstandverhalten von Normalbeton
Authors: Empelmann Martin , Javidmehr Sara 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBauteile aus Stahl‐ und Spannbeton müssen Dauerstandbeanspruchungen sicher widerstehen können. Zahlreiche in der Literatur vorhandene Versuche zeigen, dass als Folge von Dauerstandbeanspruchungen die aufnehmbare Betondruckspannung abnimmt. Dieser Effekt wird in den unterschiedlichen Regelwerken (z. B. EC2, EC2+NA und MC10) über den pauschalen Beiwert αcc bei der Ermittlung des Bemessungswerts der Betondruckfestigkeit berücksichtigt. Dabei bleibt für den Anwender aber unklar, wie unterschiedliche Beanspruchungszeitpunkte oder Beanspruchungsdauern (Bauzustände bzw. Lastzustände in einem hohen Betonalter) berücksichtigt werden können. Zu dieser Fragestellung wurde am iBMB, Fachgebiet Massivbau der TU Braunschweig eine Dauerstanddatenbank aufgebaut und die zum Teil unterschiedlichen αcc‐Beiwerte der Regelwerke analysiert. Aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen wurde ein in Anlehnung an den MC10 modifizierter Beiwert αcc vorgeschlagen, der Dauerstandeffekte in Abhängigkeit vom Beanspruchungsalter und von der Beanspruchungsdauer berücksichtigt.
Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of four major bioactive components in rats after oral administration of Xianglian pill
Authors: Lu Min , Chu Zixuan , Wang Liying , Liang Chen , Sun Peilu , Xiong Shan , Mu Yanling 
Published: December 2019

AbstractXianglian pill, a TCM prescription, consists of Rhizome Coptidis and Radix Aucklandiae, and has been used to treat gastrointestinal disease for many years. Berberine, jatrorrhizin, coptisine and palmatine are four representative alkaloids in Xianglian pill. Knowing that the drug disposal process in vivo is closely related to the toxicity and efficacy of a drug, it is important to classify the disposal properties of these alkaloids. In this study, the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the four alkaloids were investigated. The analytical samples were analyzed using a validated HPLC–MS/MS method. The results showed that the four alkaloids could be slowly absorbed. The Cmax values of berberine, jatrorrhizin, coptisine and palmatine were 11.420, 2.287, 2.584 and 3.102 ng/ml, respectively. Subsequently, the tissue distribution studies showed that they were quickly distributed to various tissues with rich blood flow in the body.
Noteworthy prognostic value of phospholipase C delta genes in early stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy and potential molecular mechanisms
Authors: Zhou Xin , Liao Xiwen , Wang Xiangkun , Huang Ketuan , Yang Chengkun , Yu Tingdong , Han Chuangye , Zhu Guangzhi , Su Hao , Han Quanfa , Chen Zijun , Huang Jianlv , Gong Yizhen , Ruan Guotian , Ye Xinping , Peng Tao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to explore the prognostic value of phospholipase C delta (PLCD) genes in early stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and its potential molecular mechanisms. The prognostic value of PLCD genes in early stage PDAC was assessed using the Kaplan‐Meier method and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. Genome‐wide correlation analysis was performed on PLCD3 to identify the highly correlated genes in the transcriptome. Then, PLCD3 and these correlated genes together underwent a bioinformatics analysis to elucidate the potential molecular biological functions of PLCD3 in PDAC. PLCD1 and PLCD3 are significantly overexpressed in PDAC. In PDAC patients, PLCD3 is overexpressed in certain groups of people with a history of alcoholism (P = .032). High expression of PLCD3 was found to be associated with lower overall survival (OS) of patients with early stage PDAC (P = .020; adjusted P = .016). A combination of PLCD3 and clinical variables was able to better predict the outcome of patients with early stage PDAC. These clinical variables are histological grade (P = .001; adjusted P = .001), targeted molecular therapy (P < .001; adjusted P < .001), radiation therapy (P = .002; adjusted P = .039), and residual resection (P = .001; adjusted P = .002). The bioinformatics analysis revealed that PLCD3 is associated with angiogenesis, intracellular signal transduction, and regulation of cell proliferation. In conclusion, PLCD3 may be a potential prognostic biomarker for early stage PDAC.
Chemoselective Hydrosilylation of Olefin/Ketone Catalyzed by Iminobipyridine Fe and Co complexes
Authors: Kobayashi Katsuaki , Taguchi Daisuke , Moriuchi Toshiyuki , Nakazawa Hiroshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe chemoselective hydrosilylation of olefins and ketones catalyzed by Fe and Co complexes bearing an iminobipyridine derivative ligand was investigated. The reaction of a 1 : 1 mixture of styrene and acetophenone over the Fe catalyst achieved selective hydrosilylation of acetophenone. In contrast, the corresponding Co complex showed the opposite selectivity‐styrene‐selective hydrosilylation. The reaction of 3‐acetylstyrene with both olefin and ketone moieties in the molecule showed that the Co complex catalyzed olefin‐selective hydrosilylation. In contrast, the addition of pyridine to the Co‐catalyzed system showed the opposite chemoselectivity, affording the ketone hydrosilylated product. The chemoselectivity of olefin/ketone hydrosilylation was switched by replacing the central metal of the complex with the iminobipyridine derivative ligand and by changing the simple reaction conditions (absence or presence of pyridine) using an identical Co complex.
The Milan System at Memorial Sloan Kettering: Utility of the categorization system for in‐house salivary gland fine‐needle aspiration cytology at a comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Lubin Daniel , Buonocore Darren , Wei Xiao‐Jun , Cohen Jean‐Marc , Lin Oscar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) provides a standardized reporting system for salivary gland fine‐needle aspiration (SGFNA). We review the clinical utility of the MSRSGC at a tertiary care cancer center by assessing the rates of malignancy (ROM) among different categories.MethodsA retrospective search was performed to retrieve all SGFNA cases performed at our institution between 1/1/07 and 12/31/18. The initial primary diagnoses were recorded and cases were then assigned to appropriate MSRSGC categories. ROM was then calculated for all categories.ResultsA total of 976 cases were identified, and 373 with follow‐up. The ROM was 19.7% (192/976) for all‐comers and 51.3% (192/374) among cases with follow‐up. Using MSRSGC, SGFNA showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 65.6%, 87.4%, 100%, and 72.6%, respectively. ROM for MSRSGC categories I, II, III, IVa, IVb, V, and VI were 20.7%, 30.0%, 45.8%, 3.3%, 50.7%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Utilizing MSRSGC resulted in a nondiagnostic rate of 14.4%. The nondiagnostic rate was lower when the procedure was performed by pathologists vs nonpathologists (12.9% vs 15.8%) but was comparable when rapid on site evaluation (ROSE) was performed (12.9% vs 11.6%).ConclusionIn our patient population, MSRSGC resulted in a perfect PPV and moderate NPV. Utilizing MSRSGC results in a higher nondiagnostic rate due to the inclusion of cases with benign elements or cyst contents only in this category. Performing ROSE is more important in attaining an adequate sample than the specialty of the person performing SGFNA.
Phylogeny of spiny frogs Nanorana (Anura: Dicroglossidae) supports a Tibetan origin of a Himalayan species group
Authors: Hofmann Sylvia , Baniya Chitra B. , Litvinchuk Spartak N. , Miehe Georg , Li Jia‐Tang , Schmidt Joachim 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecent advances in the understanding of the evolution of the Asian continent challenge the long‐held belief of a faunal immigration into the Himalaya. Spiny frogs of the genus Nanorana are a characteristic faunal group of the Himalaya–Tibet orogen (HTO). We examine the phylogeny of these frogs to explore alternative biogeographic scenarios for their origin in the Greater Himalaya, namely, immigration, South Tibetan origin, strict vicariance. We sequenced 150 Nanorana samples from 62 localities for three mitochondrial (1,524 bp) and three nuclear markers (2,043 bp) and complemented the data with sequence data available from GenBank. We reconstructed a gene tree, phylogenetic networks, and ancestral areas. Based on the nuDNA, we also generated a time‐calibrated species tree. The results revealed two major clades (Nanorana and Quasipaa), which originated in the Lower Miocene from eastern China and subsequently spread into the HTO (Nanorana). Five well‐supported subclades are found within Nanorana: from the East, Central, and Northwest Himalaya, the Tibetan Plateau, and the southeastern Plateau margin. The latter subclade represents the most basal group (subgenus Chaparana), the Plateau group (Nanorana) represents the sister clade to all species of the Greater Himalaya (Paa). We found no evidence for an east–west range expansion of Paa along the Himalaya, nor clear support for a strict vicariance model. Diversification in each of the three Himalayan subclades has probably occurred in distinct areas. Specimens from the NW Himalaya are placed basally relative to the highly diverse Central Himalayan group, while the lineage from the Tibetan Plateau is placed within a more terminal clade. Our data indicate a Tibetan origin of Himalayan Nanorana and support a previous hypothesis, which implies that a significant part of the Himalayan biodiversity results from primary diversification of the species groups in South Tibet before this part of the HTO was uplifted to its recent heights.
Depth distribution of soil water sourced by plants at the global scale: A new direct inference approach
Authors: Amin Anam , Zuecco Giulia , Geris Josie , Schwendenmann Luitgard , McDonnell Jeffrey J. , Borga Marco , Penna Daniele 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe depth distribution of soil water contributions to plant water uptake is poorly known. Here we evaluate the main water sources used by plants at the global scale and the effect of climate and plant groups on water uptake variability and depth distribution. The global meta‐analysis is based on isotope data (δ2H and δ18O) extracted from 65 peer‐reviewed papers published between 1990 and 2017.We applied a new direct inference method to quantify the overlap between xylem water and soil water sources used by plants. The median overlap between xylem water and soil water at different depths varied between 28% and 100%, but they were generally >50%. The shallow (0‐10 cm) soil water overlap with xylem water was largest in cold regions (100% ± 0%) and lowest at tropical sites (about 28%). Conversely, the median overlap between xylem water and deep soil water was largest in the arid and the tropical zones (>75%) and much smaller in the temperate and cold zones. Our results suggest that the isotopic composition of xylem water reflects mostly the signature of shallow soil water (<30 cm) in the cold and the temperate zones, whereas in the arid and the tropical zones, plants appear to exploit water in deeper soil layers. Our novel, simple statistically‐based direct inference method performed well in determining these differences in water sources, and can be applied more widely to isotope‐based plant water uptake studies.
Mid‐regional pro‐adrenomedullin outperforms N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide for the diagnosis of acute heart failure in the presence of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kuan Win Sen , Ibrahim Irwani , Chan Siew Pang , Li Zisheng , Liew Oi Wah , Frampton Chris , Troughton Richard , Pemberton Chris J. , Chong Jenny Pek Ching , Tan Li Ling , Lin Weiqin , Ooi Shirley Beng Suat , Richards A. Mark 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsThe performance of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) in diagnosing acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) among patients presenting with breathlessness is markedly impaired in the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF). We evaluated the diagnostic performance of mid‐regional pro‐adrenomedullin (MR‐proADM) and cardiac troponin T as possible alternative markers for discrimination of ADHF in this setting.Methods and resultsBreathless patients (n = 1107) were prospectively and contemporaneously recruited in emergency departments in Singapore and New Zealand. The diagnoses of ADHF and presence of AF were adjudicated by two clinician specialists, blinded to MR‐proADM, NT‐proBNP and high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) results. MR‐proADM exhibited strong discrimination of ADHF with little change in performance irrespective of the presence of AF (area under the curve 0.83 in non‐AF vs. 0.76 in AF) compared to NT‐proBNP (0.91 vs. 0.71) and hs‐cTnT (0.83 vs. 0.62), respectively. The accuracy of MR‐proADM (73.3%) for diagnosing ADHF among patients with AF was superior to both NT‐proBNP (61.6%) and hs‐cTnT (64.6%). The superior performance of MR‐proADM remained apparent when data from Singapore and New Zealand were analysed separately.ConclusionIn the presence of AF, MR‐proADM showed greater discrimination and accuracy, and less impairment in performance compared to that in non‐AF cases, for the diagnosis of ADHF, compared to the guideline‐endorsed NT‐proBNP.