bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of fracture under the joint operation of two mechanisms of local destruction
Authors: Осипенко Николай Михайлович 
Published: December 2020

Рассмотрены примеры сценариев хрупкого разрушения, в которых участвуют два механизма локального разрушения - развитие трещин нормального разрыва и компактирование, либо торошение, при сжатии. Работа является продолжением исследований структур разрушения в условиях сжатия [1]. Показано, что в модельной ситуации с цепочкой отверстий в пластине выбор механизма формирования локальных очагов разрушения или их совместного действия зависит от ориентации системы отверстий относительно оси сжатия. Другой пример относится к процессу разрушения ледяного покрова при его сжатии под действием течений и ветровой нагрузки. Рассмотрен вариант разрушения, в котором происходит взаимодействие двух видов разрушения - локализованное в виде трещиноподобного дефекта разрушение при сжатии (торошении) и формирование сопутствующих поперечных разрывов, разбивающих нагружаемый участок ледяного покрова на ряд полос вдоль напряжений сжатия.
Examples of brittle fracture scenarios are considered, in which two mechanisms of local fracture participate - the development of normal fracture cracks and compaction, or hummocking, under compression. The work is a continuation of studies of fracture structures under compression [1]. It is shown that in a model situation with a chain of holes in a plate, the choice of the mechanism of formation of local fracture centers or their joint action depends on the orientation of the system of holes relative to the compression axis. Another example relates to the process of destruction of the ice cover when it is compressed under the influence of currents and wind load. The fracture variant is considered, in which two types of fracture interact: the fracture localized in the form of a crack-like defect during compression (hummocking) and the formation of accompanying transverse ruptures dividing the loaded ice sheet section into a series of bands along the compression stresses.
Analysis of the influence of residual stresses on possible defects formed during production of carbon-epoxy composites
Authors: Бондарчук Дарья Александровна , Федулов Борис Никитович , Ломакин Евгений Викторович 
Published: December 2020

В настоящей работе изучено влияние наличия остаточных напряжений в образце углерод-эпоксидного композита, сформировавшихся в процессе его производства, на такие возможные дефекты как межслоевое расслоение. Исследование посвящено анализу НДС в регулярных образцах вблизи зоны дефекта в течение цикла отверждения, а также при образовании свободного края в материале после разреза в зависимости от длины трещины. Для моделирования процесса отверждения решалась связанная тепловая и прочностная задача в условиях плоской деформации. Для описания поведения композитного материала в процессе производства, включая процессы формования, полимеризации, развития остаточных напряжений и деформаций, была разработана и реализована специальная пользовательская подпрограмма для ПО ABAQUS. В частности, в данной работе была проанализирована история величин скоростей энерговыделения в режимах раскрытия трещины по механизму нормального отрыва и поперечного сдвига в процессе полимеризации и последующего разрезания с образованием свободного края. Обнаружен незначительный рост значений GI , GII в вершине трещины в процессе полимеризации и многократное превышение этих значений после механического среза. В результате численного моделирования выявлено, что остаточные напряжения не оказывают существенного влияния на рост дефекта в композите на этапе его изготовления, но при приложении дальнейшей нагрузки на образец могут способствовать интенсивному росту расслоения.
In the present study, the effect of presence of residual stresses inherited during manufacturing on delamination defect in carbon-epoxy composite specimen is investigated. The research is devoted to understanding of strain-stress state in regular specimens near defect zone during cure cycle and after free edge cut depending on crack length. To describe the behavior of the composite material during manufacturing process- including processes of formation, polymerization, development of residual stresses and strains, the special user subroutine was developed and implemented in ABAQUS FEM software. The history of energy release rates under mode I, II ( GIc , GIIc) where analyzed over time during process of polymerization and free edge cut. A slight increase in the GI and GII values at the crack tip during polymerization and a multiple excess of these values after a mechanical cut is shown. Obtained by modelling values for stress components are essential and cannot be ignored in consequent structural analysis. The results of the study can be applied for prediction of residual stresses in composite structure by means of simulation and further understanding the nature of fracture of composites.
Two-layered plates of hexagonal and cubic crystals
Authors: Волков Михаил Андреевич , Демин Александр Иванович , Городцов Валентин Александрович , Лисовенко Дмитрий Сергеевич 
Published: December 2020

Рассмотрена задача продольного растяжения двухслойных пластин из гексагональных и кубических кристаллов при различной ориентации слоев. Получены аналитические зависимости модуля Юнга и коэффициентов Пуассона пластин от отношения толщин. Проведен численный анализ изменчивости эффективных характеристик пластин из всех возможных комбинаций гексагональных и кубических кристаллов. Установлено, что существенное нарушение правила смесей для эффективного модуля Юнга двухслойной пластины происходит, если один из двух слоев заполняет ауксетик. Эффективный модуль Юнга может превосходить модули Юнга кристаллов в обоих слоях близкой жесткости. Отношение модулей Юнга кристаллов в обоих слоях оказывает существенное влияние и на эффективный коэффициент Пуассона.
The problem of longitudinal tesnsion of two-layered plate of hexagonal and cubic crystals with different orientations of crystallophysic coordinate systems is discussed. Analytical dependences of effective Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratios on layer thickness ratio are obtained. Numerical analysis of plates from all possible combinations of hexagonal and cubic crystals is performed. It is established that significant deviation of effective Young’s modulus values from predictions by mixture rule takes place in the case when one of the layers is auxetic. Effective Young’s modulus can have greater value than values of Young’s modulus of crystals at both layers. The ratio of Young’s modulus of crystals has great influence on the value of effective Poisson’s ratio.
Espace du rêve, espace de la séance
Authors: Bleger Leopoldo 
Published: December 2020

Freud n’a pas cessé de traquer un acte dans les temps premiers de la vie de ses patients comme dans la vie de l’espèce humaine. Cela tient, en partie, à la conception que le livre sur le rêve, la Traumdeung , apporte au tout début de son œuvre : le rêve comme circuit court de décharge, c’est-à-dire d’action. Dans l’espace de la séance, le rêve est un fragment d’action, il « fait » quelque chose autant à l’analyste qu’au patient. On peut dès lors interroger la tendance à faire du rêve lui-même un espace riche d’expérience. Le risque est de revenir à une surestimation du rêve au détriment de l’espace de la séance.
Le rêveur à son métier
Authors: Rolland Jean-Claude 
Published: December 2020

L’auteur recense les fonctions accomplies par le rêve, telles : la remémoration des traces mnésiques infantiles qu’il tisse aux restes diurnes pour en faire des souvenirs ; la désexualisation de la charge œdipienne de ces formations inconscientes autorisant le renoncement aux objets primaires ; la réorganisation de l’espace psychique grâce à la redistribution des domaines impartis à l’inconscient et au préconscient et à la création d’une « autre scène » propre à la représentation de la vie fantasmatique ; le désendeuillement des morts aimés laissés dans l’esprit par l’histoire individuelle aussi bien que phylogénétique du rêveur. Ce travail « physique » réalisé par le processus du rêve justifie sa comparaison avec celui du tisserand. Freud en emprunte la métaphore à Goethe qui y recourut pour se familiariser avec la fabrique de la pensée en général.
Empowering Women Leaders for Work-Integrated e-Learning: Social Changes and Persistent Challenges
Authors: Wong Amy , Sixl-Daniell Karin 
Published: December 2020

<p>Information technology is increasingly being adopted within various sectors, especially in education. This study examines the effects of a work-integrated e-learning program for women leaders offered by a fully online institution. Data was collected from 61 respondents via an online discussion board forum. The findings showed that integration of technology-enhanced learning into the workplace for purposes of training and development can bring about a variety of social changes at the individual, group, and organizational levels. The findings highlight important insights for the design and delivery of fully online training and development programs that can bring about social change, taking into consideration the persistent challenges faced by women leaders. Further discussion and implications are provided. </p>
Automotive Radar using AWR2243 Booster Pack
Authors: Vishnubhatla Arvind 
Published: December 2020

In developing countries the growth in the number of motor vehicles is the most significant factor in the rise of road fatalities and injuries. It may be observed that 1.35 million people die every year owing to crashes on road. Most of the accidents can be prevented if the events are detected automatically 1-2 seconds in advance. Texas instruments has come up with a new evaluation board AWR2243 having a single chip operating at 76 to 81Ghz having a FMCW transceiver. This can be instrumental in adaptive cruise control, emergency braking and automated highway driving. A FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) obtains the range and velocity from a beat signal. Here millimeter-wave sensors use minimal power consumption to sense range and velocity and the required angle. The device is interfaced to an external DSP host processor which uses a SYNC_IN signal to start the radar frames. The periodicity of the frames is suitability programmed. The processing provides a high level of performance and flexibility. The signal has three parallel transmit chains and four parallel receive chains. Each receive channel has an LNA, mixer, IF filtering, A2D conversion and decimation. A two- dimensional FFT algorithm is implemented on the host DSP processor.
Jews, Rights, and Belonging in Tunisia: Léon Elmilik, 1861-1881
Authors: Marglin Jessica M. 
Published: December 2020

À partir du cas de Léon Elmilik, un juif algérien qui a fait carrière en Tunisie au XIXe siècle, cet article propose une lecture de la citoyenneté au-delà de son statut formel, celui centré sur le statut accordé aux citoyens au sens juridique. Elmilik a d’abord oeuvré avec des juifs et des chrétiens, unis dans un même but : celui de moderniser et d’occidentaliser la Tunisie. À cette fin, il a participé au comité local de l’Alliance israélite universelle, écrit dans un journal juif publié à Paris, et a été membre d’une loge maçonnique locale. Dans tous ces modalités d’actions, il joignait sa voix à celle des Européens qui critiquaient les abus commis sur les juifs par les autorités tunisiennes. Mais après avoir accepté un emploi de fonctionnaire en 1873, Elmilik a commencé à défendre le traitement des juifs par l’État tunisien. Loin de présumer qu’Elmilik était un opportuniste, je soutiens dans ce travail que ses engagements distincts, et parfois opposés, représentaient les répertoires multiples dans lesquels les juifs situaient leurs droits ; puisque les droits étaient centraux dans la construction de l’appartenance, le questionnement des différents registres de droits auxquels les juifs faisaient appel offre une vue des multiples niveaux d’appartenance cultivés par les juifs et les musulmans du Maghreb pré-colonial.
Sorry it took me so long: Latin America and rapid governments’ response to COVID-19
Authors: Rebouças Batista Ian , Domingos Amanda , Lins Rodrigo 
Published: December 2020

When facing the COVID-19 pandemic, what was key to governments’ response velocity throughout Latin America? The region had more information on what to do to prevent the disease from spreading itself and social isolation was the most recommended measure to avoid contamination. Still, Latin American countries varied greatly on how fast they adopted strict social isolation measures. We deploy an explanatory work on which institutional designs collaborates with higher delay in governments’ adoption of these measures. Among the institutional variables considered, we find that our variable of interest (delay) correlates strongly and positively with democracy, negatively with concentration of power, and positively with GDP per capita. These might suggest that autocrats faced less institutional and moral constraints to act, while democratic leaders dealing with pluralism and accountability faced higher costs to implement such measures. Due to the small sample, we next investigate ’ experience looking for examples for the found correlations.Keywords: Government’s delay; COVID-19; Political Institutions
Optimization of PCB SI Coupon Design That Minimizes Discontinuity Through via-in-Pad Plated over (VIPPO) Technique
Authors: Lee Juhee , Kim Kyeongsoo , Kim Simon , Kim Kiseop , Lee Kyungsoo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The importance of signal integrity is emphasized as signal speed increases, and higher frequencies are applied. The Print Circuit Board (PCB) manufacturer uses signal integrity coupons that can replace the in-product circuit to measure and calculate the signal loss. In this study, we tried to minimize the discontinuous path of Delta-L coupon by using the via-in-pad plated over (VIPPO) technique to improve the signal integrity. We compared the VIPPO-applied design that has minimal discontinuity with the conventional Delta-L design. To minimize discontinuity, circuits connected to pads and via holes were removed from the outer layer, and the pads were designed directly above the via holes. First of all, we simulated the optimized design that eliminated discontinuities using signal integrity software, Simbeor. Second, we measured and verified Delta-L by using Introbotix’s Accu-Prober program. In the future, higher measurement frequencies will further increase signal loss because of unnecessary pathways and discrete signals; therefore, minimizing the effects of discontinuity will be an important issue, and using the VIPPO technique will help improve signal integrity.
Segnalazioni faunistiche italiane
Authors: V.V. A.A 
Published: December 2020

622 - Cerambyx cerdo Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
623 - Apterola kuenckeli kuenckeli Mulsant & Rey, 1866 (Heteroptera Lygaeidae)
624 - Acanthocinus griseus (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera Cerambycidae Lamiinae)
625 - Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier, 1795) (Coleoptera Cerambycidae)
Low vision device requirements among children from two schools for the blind in Tamil Nadu
Authors: John Deepa , Jacob Chris , Paul Padma , Abraham Lekha , Kuriakose Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To identify children with low vision from two local schools for the blind, to provide low vision devices (LVD) to those who may benefit from it, and to encourage them to learn print.

Methods:
A prospective study was conducted among children from two local schools for the blind. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was done using the Snellen chart. Children with BCVA of counting finger (CF) 1/2 meter or more in the better eye underwent low vision assessment. Distant vision was assessed using the Feinbloom chart and near vision was assessed using the Lea symbol chart. Low vision devices (LVD) were prescribed as required.

Results:
Among 185 children enrolled, 31 children had BCVA of >CF ½ meter. Using a telescope, distant vision was better than 3/36 in 48.4%, 3/36–3/12 in 16.2%, and 3/9.5 to 3/3 in 35.4%. Among 23 children who read 1M at <10 cm, 22.6% could read 0.6–0.8M, and 25.8% could read 1M using LVD.

Conclusion:
Regular screening of children in schools for the blind could identify children who might benefit from LVD. A review of protocols for the entry of children in schools for the blind by screening these children by a specialist team prior to admission should be made mandatory.
Validating tablet perimetry against standard Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer for glaucoma screening in Indian population
Authors: Ichhpujani Parul , Thakur Sahil , Sahi Roopjit K , Kumar Suresh 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the perimetric outcomes using a free application program of the iPad, 'Visual Fields Easy' (VFE), and Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer (HVFA), in normal as well as eyes with glaucomatous damage of varying severity.

Methods:
In this prospective, cross-sectional, observational pilot investigation, visual field testing was carried out in 210 eyes of 210 patients (60 Normal, 150 Glaucoma), using suprathreshold VFE application (Version 8) on the iPad and Standard White-on-White using HVFA. Severity of glaucoma was categorized using Hodapp-Anderson-Parrish criteria for visual field defects. The results of the VFE program were compared to the 24-2 SITA FAST HVFA.

Results:
Data of 210 patients, 100 (47.6%) females, and 110 (52.4%) males, age ranging from 42 to 78 years, Mean 56.64 ± 10.67 years, was analyzed. The Spearman correlation coefficient showed a significant inverse relationship between missed points on the VFE app with MD (S = –0.783) and a parabolic relationship with PSD (S = 0.646) values obtained with the HVFA. As regards missed points, for mild glaucoma, missed points were 37.5, sensitivity was 77.8% and specificity was 52.6%; for moderate glaucoma, missed points were 33.5, sensitivity was 90% and specificity was 48% while for severe glaucoma, missed points were 23, sensitivity was 97% and specificity was 70%. AROC for eyes with mild glaucoma versus normal was 0.419 (95% CI: 0.343-0.495), moderate glaucoma versus normal was 0.705 (95% CI: 0.630-0.780) and severe glaucoma versus normal was 0.857 (95% CI: 0.806-0.908).

Conclusion:
Suprathreshold perimetry using VFE is not suitable as a rapid screening tool for mass screening of glaucoma. VFE cannot be used as a substitute for HVFA in clinic because of its inability to detect early or moderate glaucoma.
Impact of ophthalmic webinars on the resident's learning experience during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Dasgupta Sushobhan , Shakeel Tarannum , Gupta Priyanka , Kakkar Ashish , Vats Vatsala , Jain Monika , Rathi Viraj , Panwar Juhi , Kaur Kavleen , Gupta Himani 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To analyze the impact of ophthalmic webinars on the resident's learning experience during the COVID-19 pandemic (CP).

Methods:
This cross-sectional nationwide study was carried out for 1 month during CP and included a total of 382 ophthalmic residents. A questionnaire was sent through various social media platforms.

Results:
Residents expressed a decline in their clinical exposure (74%; 220), thesis work (58%; 218), and acquisition of the knowledge and skills (42.5%; 161) during CP. Benefits of webinars as perceived by the residents included gain in additional knowledge (77%; 286), feedback on queries (56%; 209), access to multiple speakers (50%; 191), and topics (30%; 110). Nearly 75% (291) of residents endorsed webinars as good to the very good academic tool, and 54% (202) preferred to continue attending webinars in the post-CP phase. However, connectivity/download/data issues (54%; 200) followed by loss of personal touch (53%; 188), lengthy or irrelevant topic (37%; 134), and poor transmission quality (33%; 121) were major deterrents against the webinar.

Conclusion:
The current study generated overall mixed responses from the ophthalmic postgraduate residents in favor of webinars. In the present format, webinars bear enormous potentials to supplement the traditional learning tools by providing uninterrupted learning experiences. However, they are still limited by their pedagogical and technical issues.
Prevalence and risk factor assessment of digital eye strain among children using online e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mohan Amit , Sen Pradhnya , Shah Chintan , Jain Elesh , Jain Swapnil 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine prevalence, symptoms frequency and associated risk factors of digital eye strain (DES) among children attending online classes during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
The online electronic survey form was prepared on the Google app. Children/parents were asked to indicate the total duration of digital device use before and during COVID era. The symptoms of DES, its severity and frequency were recorded & measured with the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire.

Results:
Two hundred and sixty one parents responded to the questionnaire, of these 217 were complete. Mean age of children was 13 ± 2.45 years. Mean duration of digital device used during COVID era was 3.9 ± 1.9 h which is more than pre COVID era (1.9 ± 1.1 h, P = <0.0001). 36.9% (n = 80) were using digital devices >5 h in COVID era as compared to 1.8% (n = 4) before COVID era. The most common digital device used were smartphones (n = 134, 61.7%). One hundred and eight children (49.8%) were attending online classes for >2 h per day. Prevalence of DES in our cohort is 50.23% (109/217). Of these 26.3% were mild, 12.9% moderate and 11.1% of severe grade. Most common symptoms were itching and headache (n = 117, 53.9%). Multivariate analysis revealed age >14 years (P = 0.04), male gender (P = 0.0004), smartphone use (P = 0.003), use of device >5 h (P = 0.0007) and mobile games >1 h/day (P = 0.0001) as independent risk factors for DES in children.

Conclusion:
There is an increased prevalence of DES among children in COVID era. Parents should be considerate about duration, type and distance of digital device use to avoid DES symptoms in children.
Doctor reported outcomes
Authors: Maheshwari Abhilasha , Finger Paul T , Malpani Abhishek , Jain Puneet , Tomar Ankit Singh , Garg Gaurav 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To provide real-world data on the world-wide-web for patient and doctor awareness.

Methods:
From December 2017 to January 2020, consecutive patients with choroidal melanoma (CM), iris ciliary body melanoma (ICM), and ocular surface squamous carcinoma (OSSC) had specific outcomes recorded at each return visit. Each result was anonymized, entered in an online portal, and sent to a unique software program where it was used to create real-world data of number of patients, mean vision, local tumor control, eye salvage, systemic metastases, and length of follow-up for our eye cancer center.

Results:
A HIPAA compliant, internet-based software program was developed and linked to public access web page to collect and analyze near-real-time data pertaining to the treatment, vision, life, and follow-up time of patients. During this period, CM radiation plaque tumor control was 99.7%, median vision 20/25 (mean 20/50) and eye salvage 95.8%. ICM tumor control was 99.1% and the median vision 20/20 (mean 20/20). OSSC tumor control was 100% and the most common vision was 20/20 (mean 20/25). Rates of primary enucleation as treatment were 4.2% for CM, 2.8% for ICM, and 0% for OSSC. All patient results were updated by the ophthalmic oncology fellow at each patient visit as to reflect near-real-time outcomes at our center.

Conclusion:
Prospective data collection of returning patients was found to be a simple method to reflect patient care outcomes. This method of reporting doctor outcomes offers a measure of transparency for patients and an opportunity to compare results with other clinical practices.