bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Slip Distribution of an Active Fault System at Various Timescales: Insights for the Evolution of the Mt. Vettore‐Mt. Bove Fault System in Central Apennines
Authors: Puliti Irene , Pizzi Alberto , Benedetti Lucilla , Di Domenica Alessandra , Fleury Jules 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn 2016, the Mt. Vettore‐Mt. Bove normal fault system (VBFS) broke during three earthquakes (Mw 6.0, Mw 5.9, and Mw 6.5), associated with clear coseismic ruptures. Based on high‐resolution topography and geological field data, we determined the displacements of the VBFS. The distributions of the coseismic and postglacial displacements exhibit similar asymmetric shapes, suggesting self‐similar slip profiles over the last 18 kyr. The highest displacement during the 2016 events is localized on the southern Mt. Vettore segments, the southern tip of the VBFS, which also showed the maximum throw of 32 m over the last 18 kyr yielding to a very fast throw rate of 1.6 ± 0.5 mm/yr. Assuming a constant throw rate, the geological displacement we determined suggests an inception age of 200–250 kyr for the surface rupturing faults that ruptured in 2016 on the Mt. Vettore sector. This value can be interpreted as the minimum age for the onset of those faults in the Mt. Vettore and might result from a southward shift of VBFS activity with a change of the fault system pattern. We infer that the observed slip distribution, maximum at Mt. Vettore and tapering‐off southward, might be due to the VBFS lengthening processes towards the Laga Fault and its interaction with pre‐existing structure such as Olevano‐Antrodoco‐Sibillini thrust that might play a key role in controlling the VBFS's evolution.
Unique phonon modes of a CH3NH3PbBr3 hybrid perovskite film without the influence of defect structures: an attempt toward a novel THz-based application
Authors: Maeng Inhee , Lee Seungjun , Tanaka Hiroshi , Yun Jung-Ho , Wang Shenghao , Nakamura Masakazu , Kwon Young-Kyun , Jung Min-Cherl 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe exploration of new physical properties for various THz-based applications, such as THz-wave sensing, modulation, and imaging devices, is a key challenge in the research on organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials. These THz-based applications require satisfactory, sensitive, and stable absorption properties with values between 0.5 and 3 THz. To achieve these properties, candidate materials should possess a purified structure that induces regular and fixed phonon modes without any defects or impurities. CH3NH3PbBr3, an organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite thin film produced by a sequential vacuum evaporation method on a flexible PET substrate, was investigated in this study. Although the thin film contains only molecular defects related to CH3NH2 incorporated into the perovskite structure, our THz-wave absorption measurement and first-principles simulation confirmed that these molecular defects do not influence the three phonon modes originating from the transverse vibration (0.8 THz), the longitudinal optical vibrations (1.4 THz) of the Pb–Br–Pb bonds, and the optical Br vibration (2.0 THz). After spin-casting an ultrathin PTAA polymer protective layer (5 nm) on the hybrid perovskite thin film, it was additionally observed that there was no significant effect on the phonon modes. Thus, this novel flexible organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite material is a potential candidate for THz-based applications.
The dynamics of gas-bubble formation at saturated conditions in porous media flow
Authors: Chang K. Alex , Lindquist W. Brent 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigate the stability of gas bubbles formed at saturated (bubble-point) conditions during two-component ($$\hbox {CO}_2$$

CO
2

, $$\hbox {H}_2$$

H
2

O), two-phase (gas, liquid) flow by developing and analyzing a $$2\times 2$$

2
×
2

dynamical system describing flow through a single pore to study the dynamics of gas bubble formation and evolution. Our analysis indicates that three regimes occur at conditions pertinent to petroleum reservoirs. These regimes correspond to a critical point changing type from an unstable node to an unstable spiral and then to a stable spiral as flow rates increase. In the stable spiral case gas bubbles will achieve a steady-state finite size only if they form within the attractor region of the stable spiral. Otherwise, all gas bubbles that form undergo, possibly oscillatory, growth and then dissolve completely. Under steady flow conditions, this formation and dissolution repeats cyclically.
The Effect of Metalinguistic Sentence Combining on Eighth-Grade Students' Understanding and Written Expression of Comparison and Contrast in Science
Authors: Telesca Lynne , Ehren Barbara J. , Hahs-Vaughn Debbie L. , Zygouris-Coe Vassiliki “Vicky” I. , Kong Anthony Pak-Hin 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine whether sentence combining with an explicit metalinguistic approach in comparison to typical science instruction was effective in improving written expression and understanding of comparison/contrast in science for eighth-grade students who struggle with literacy.MethodEighty-four eighth-grade students who struggle with literacy participated in this study. The experimental group (n= 36) received the writing intervention of metalinguistic sentence combining (MSC) during their science class for a total of 400 min (20 intervention sessions, 20 min each), while the comparison group (n= 48) participated in their typical science instruction. Total science instruction time was held constant for both groups. All students completed pretests and posttests to determine an increase in (a) syntactic factors of academic science text such as longer sentence length and use of syntactic forms of connectives, targeted connectives, left embeddedness, and agentless passive voice when responding to a science compare and contrast writing prompt; and (b) listing similarities and differences between two science concepts on a graphic organizer.ResultsTreatment was effective in improving the experimental group's score in listing similarities and differences between two science concepts on a graphic organizer. There were no significant differences between the two groups in their use of syntactic factors typical of academic text when responding to a science compare and contrast writing prompt.ConclusionsMSC was effective in improving the experimental student's ability to demonstrate understanding of comparison and contrast in science. Modifications to the MSC intervention may yield better results in the experimental group's posttreatment writing in future studies.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12735950
Televised confessions in the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Carter Liz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study examines the use of lexical grammar and gaze in three televised confession news segments discussing national
identity shown on PRC state-backed media in 2016. It aims to apply discourse analysis methodologies previously used to study PRC mass media
(Fang 1994, Fang 2001, Feng 2013, Feng 2016, Renwick and Cao
1999) to subject matter previously researched mainly in other disciplines (Leung 2017,
Fiskesjö 2017, Sorace 2019, Dahlin 2018). Following multimodal analysis of lexical grammar and gaze patterns, social identity theory is applied
to understand narrative messaging similarities across the three segments. By applying the methodologies of discourse analysis, multimodal
analysis, and social identity theory to a heretofore neglected topic, the study aims to better understand this phenomenon and to determine
what methodological adjustments might be necessary in its investigation.
On perception as the basis for object concepts
Authors: Alessandroni Nicolás , Rodríguez Cintia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWithin cognitive and developmental psychology, it is commonly argued that perception is the basis for object concepts. According to this view, sensory experiences would translate into concepts thanks to the recognition, correlation and integration of physical attributes. Once attributes are integrated into general patterns, subjects would become able to parse objects into categories. In this article, we critically review the three epistemological perspectives according to which it can be claimed that object concepts depend on perception:state non-conceptualism, content non-conceptualism, andcontent conceptualism. We show that the three perspectives have problems that make perception inadequate as a conceptual basis. We suggest that the inquiry about the origin and development of object concepts can benefit from a pragmatic perspective that considers objects’cultural functionsas a conceptual foundation. We address this possibility from the theoretical framework of thepragmatics of the object, considering the importance of objects’functional permanence.
Brain Substrates of Time-Based Prospective Memory Decline in Aging: A Voxel-Based Morphometry and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Authors: Morand Alexandrine , Segobin Shailendra , Lecouvey Grégory , Gonneaud Julie , Eustache Francis , Rauchs Géraldine , Desgranges Béatrice 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Time-based prospective memory (TBPM) allows us to remember to perform intended actions at a specific time in the future. TBPM is sensitive to the effects of age, but the neural substrates of this decline are still poorly understood. The aim of the present study was thus to better characterize the brain substrates of the age-related decline in TBPM, focusing on macrostructural gray matter and microstructural white matter integrity. We administered a TBPM task to 22 healthy young (26 ± 5.2 years) and 23 older (63 ± 5.9 years) participants, who also underwent volumetric magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging scans. Neuroimaging analyses revealed lower gray matter volumes in several brain areas in older participants, but these did not correlate with TBPM performance. By contrast, an age-related decline in fractional anisotropy in several white-matter tracts connecting frontal and occipital regions did correlate with TBPM performance, whereas there was no significant correlation in healthy young subjects. According to the literature, these tracts are connected to the anterior prefrontal cortex and the thalamus, 2 structures involved in TBPM. These results confirm the view that a disconnection process occurs in aging and contributes to cognitive decline.
Exposure Timing and Method Affect Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) Efficacy Against House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae
Authors: White Roxie L , Geden Christopher J , Kaufman Phillip E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
House flies, Musca domestica L., are widely recognized for their ability to develop resistance to chemical insecticides so alternative control strategies are desired. The use of entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin to manage house fly populations has shown promising results; however, the success of using this fungus against larval house flies varies widely. The overall objective of this study was to examine factors that may influence efficacy of B. bassiana treatments against larvae. When a high concentration (4 × 1011 conidia/ml) was applied to first- and second-instar larvae in rearing medium, there was a significant reduction in pupation and adult emergence rates. Treating third-instar larvae at the same concentration did not result in a significant reduction of pupation or adult emergence. Temperature (22 versus 32°C) and media composition (diets with- and without propionic acid) did not affect the B. bassiana treatment efficacy against house fly larvae. The narrow time window of vulnerability of larvae and the high doses required to infect them indicate that B. bassiana has little potential as an operational biocontrol agent for house fly larvae.
The nuclear envelope protein KAKU4 determines the migration order of the vegetative nucleus and sperm cells in pollen tubes
Authors: Goto Chieko , Tamura Kentaro , Nishimaki Satsuki , Maruyama Daisuke , Hara-Nishimura Ikuko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA putative component protein of the nuclear lamina, KAKU4, modulates nuclear morphology in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, but its physiological significance is unknown. KAKU4 was highly expressed in mature pollen grains, each of which has a vegetative cell and two sperm cells. KAKU4 protein was highly abundant on the envelopes of vegetative nuclei and less abundant on the envelopes of sperm cell nuclei in pollen grains and elongating pollen tubes. Vegetative nuclei are irregularly shaped in wild-type pollen. However, KAKU4 deficiency caused them to become more spherical. After a pollen grain germinates, the vegetative nuclei and sperm cells enter and move along the pollen tube. In the wild type, the vegetative nucleus preceded the sperm cell nuclei in &gt;90% of the pollen tubes, whereas, in kaku4 mutants, the vegetative nucleus preceded the sperm cell nuclei in only about half of the pollen tubes. kaku4 pollen was less competitive for fertilization than wild-type pollen after pollination. These results led us to hypothesize that the nuclear shape in vegetative cells of pollen grains affects the orderly migration of the vegetative nucleus and sperm cells in pollen tubes.
The Normative Framework of the Cuban Constitution and the Problems it Poses
Authors: Guanche Julio César , Fernández Estrada Julio Antonio , Hayes Bradley 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This chapter anchors Cuba’s constitutional development in the cultural history of the region and world, starting with the struggles for Cuban independence from Spain, continuing with the 1930–33 revolution, followed by the successful Communist revolution in 1959, and lasting up to the present day, when a new series of reforms are currently being implemented. The chapter argues that the conception of rights and democracy enshrined in these texts, however related to regional and world historical events and trends, retains a distinctly Cuban notion of individual and collective rights. It concludes with an epilogue identifying positive aspects of the new reforms, new aspects that are problematic, and serious problems that are ignored.
The Constitutions of the Dominican Republic
Authors: Marsteintredet Leiv 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
According to some observers, the Dominican Republic holds the world record of number of constitutions. This chapter, however, argues that continuity rather than change best describes the country’s constitutional development. Since its first constitution in 1844, constitutional charters have never departed from the principles of a republican, liberal state based on popular sovereignty, separation of power and rule of law, or experimented with its presidential character. Although for a long time, Dominican constitutions functioned as a document that facilitated and legitimated absolute power, rather than as a fundamental law that restricted arbitrary power, no government has attempted to rule without a constitution that adopted the principles of a nominally liberal democracy. Recent constitutional reforms, however, have been relatively effective in implementing real checks on the traditionally strong presidency, thus potentially starting a process of aligning the constitutional liberal aspirations with the exercise of public authority.
Rights and National Security
Authors: Campbell Yonique 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
It is virtually impossible to engage in contemporary discourses about fundamental rights and freedoms in the Caribbean context without some explanation of national security practices, policies, and actors. In light of the US’s war on terror, the rise of transnational organized crime and high rates of criminal violence, national security laws and the way in which national security is pursued have conflicted with constitutional provisions which guarantee certain fundamental rights and freedoms. This has created tension between citizens and the state apparatus and between police, military, and civilian oversight bodies. The chapter draws on a wide range literature and outlines important dimensions of national security and rights in the Caribbean. I examine factors shaping the conflict between rights and national security and the way in which this conflict manifests in laws and policies, focusing specifically on mass surveillance, terrorism, gangs and the suspension of the constitution.
The Appellate Jurisdiction of the Caribbean Court of Justice
Authors: Vasciannie Stephen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Various Caribbean countries have established the Caribbean Court of Justice, and have taken steps to ensure its viability. The Court has two jurisdictions. One of these—the Original Jurisdiction—pertains to disputes arising under the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, the constituent treaty of the Caribbean Single Market and Economy. The other jurisdiction—the Appellate Jurisdiction—was intended from the outset to allow the Caribbean Court of Justice to serve as the final court of appeal for all Caribbean countries. The Appellate Jurisdiction, which forms the basis of this chapter, has been the subject of considerable debate. To date, only four Caribbean countries—Barbados, Guyana, Belize and Dominica—have entrusted their final appeals to the new court, with most former British colonies in the region retaining the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council for final appeals. What have been the main elements in the long and circuitous debate concerning the Appellate Jurisdiction of the Court? Why have some Caribbean States opted to retain appeals to the Privy Council? And what are the prospects concerning the Appellate Jurisdiction? The chapter considers these issues in light of the passage of more than a decade and a half since Caribbean States signed the Agreement Establishing the Caribbean Court of Justice.
The Distribution of Ministerial Posts in Parliamentary Systems
Authors: Bäck Hanna , Carroll Royce 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe distribution of ministerial posts is an important step in the democratic process in parliamentary democracies, as ministers are likely to influence the policy outputs of governments. Several scholars have thus aimed to explain and predict portfolio allocation in parliamentary democracies. Some scholars have focused exclusively on predicting how many portfolios each party gets, whereas others have focused on predicting which party gets which post. There is also a growing field that focuses on understanding why certain individuals are selected to the cabinet, and why some individuals stay longer in their posts whereas others are shuffled out early. Few studies have connected these questions, fully aiming to explain the distribution of posts between and within political parties negotiating to enter government. We suggest that this is an important step for future research
Political Advisers in the Executive Branch
Authors: Ng Yee-Fui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPolitical advisers have become significant and entrenched actors within the executive in the Westminster, European, and American systems. This chapter discusses the diversity in the models of political advice that have been utilized in the developed world, and the increasing scholarly focus on the roles and influence of political advisers in executive government. It explores the three main dimensions of literature on political advisers: the empirical, relational, and legal. In doing so, the chapter explores the roles, performance, and influence of political advisers in the Westminster, European cabinet, and American systems, their interactions with ministers and the bureaucracy, as well as mechanisms to ensure their accountability. Finally, the chapter proposes a future research agenda based on empirical, jurisdictional, comparative, institutional, theoretical, and normative considerations, which will further enrich and deepen the study of political advisers.
Observational Drawing Research Methods
Authors: Ostrofsky Justin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This chapter provides a critical review of methods used in psychological research focused on understanding observational drawing performance. First, observational drawing is defined and distinguished from other types of drawing behaviors. Then, the general questions investigated in observational drawing research are described, along with a review of the methods used to address them and a discussion of each method’s general limitations. Next follows a description of basic drawing and tracing tasks administered in laboratory studies. Following this, subjective and objective measurement methods used to assess drawing performance (or accuracy) are reviewed in conjunction with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of each measurement method. The chapter concludes with a discussion of possible directions of future research, specifically by discussing (a) ways that the approach of measuring drawing performance can be improved, and (b) methods one can adopt to better understand the causal relationship between drawing skill and cognitive and perceptual processing abilities.
Empirical Aesthetics of Poetry
Authors: Menninghaus Winfried , Blohm Stefan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPoetry enjoys greater liberties (“poetic license”) than all other uses of language to depart from a variety of grammatical and discourse-semantic constraints that typically shape verbal messages. At the same time, poetry frequently conforms to additional formal constraints on the selection and combination of linguistic elements, e.g., meter, rhyme, and other types of parallelism. Surveying empirical research into the cognitive, stylistic, and aesthetic effects of parallelistic features and poetic license, we argue that both types of deviation affect processing fluency in distinct ways and on distinct levels of processing. Poetic license renders verse cognitively more challenging, i.e., harder to comprehend and more ambiguous, but also more “poetic.” Parallelistic diction, by contrast, increases predictability and perceptual processing fluency; it underlies the rhythmical and melodic properties that link poetry and music. Sound parallelism has further been shown to enhance the memorability of verse, and to render humoristic verse more humorous and emotionally moving poems more moving, beautiful, melodic, and vivid, but also richer in meaning. We further survey investigations of the sound-iconic properties of verse, semantic figures (most notably, poetic metaphor), and mood representation, as well as of readers’ dispositions favoring poetry reading. We conclude by identifying directions for future research.
Ankle arthritis – an important signpost in rheumatologic practice
Authors: Kiely Patrick D W , Lloyd Mark E 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnkle arthritis is a useful clinical signpost to differential diagnosis in rheumatic disease. Biomechanical features and differences in cartilage physiology compared with the knee may confer protection of the ankle joint from factors predisposing to certain arthritides. The prevalence of ankle OA is low, and usually secondary to trauma. Primary OA of the ankle should be investigated for underlying causes, especially haemochromatosis. New presentations of inflammatory mono/oligo arthritis involving the ankle are more likely due to undifferentiated arthritis or spondyloarthritis than RA, and gout over CPPD. The ankle is often involved in bacterial and viral causes of septic arthritis, especially bacterial, chikungunya and HIV infection, but rarely tuberculosis. Periarticular hind foot swelling can be confused with ankle arthritis, exemplified by Lofgren’s syndrome and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy where swelling is due to subcutaneous oedema and osteitis respectively, and the ankle joint is rarely involved.