bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualifikationen von Lehrenden in der beruflich-betrieblichen Weiterbildung
Authors: Wißhak Susanne , Bonnes Caroline , Keller Inka , Barth Dorothee , Hochholdinger Sabine 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungÜber die Qualifikationen von Lehrenden in der beruflich-betrieblichen Weiterbildung in Deutschland ist bisher wenig bekannt, da sie in den meisten Erhebungen zum Weiterbildungspersonal unterrepräsentiert und/oder als Teilgruppe nicht explizit ausgewiesen sind. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht daher deskriptiv die Qualifikationen vonN = 896 Lehrenden in der beruflich-betrieblichen Weiterbildung und vergleicht die Befunde mit den Ergebnissen anderer Studien. Die Lehrenden gaben ähnlich häufig an, einen Hochschulabschluss zu besitzen (70,9 %), allerdings wurden pädagogische Hochschulabschlüsse seltener genannt (16,5 %). Trainerausbildungen und/oder andere Zusatzqualifikationen wurden dagegen häufiger angegeben (86,4 %). Insgesamt scheinen Lehrende in der beruflich-betrieblichen Weiterbildung ein hohes Qualifikationsniveau zu besitzen, wobei es sich jedoch selten um ausgebildete Pädagog/innen handelt. Im Hinblick auf die Professionalisierung im Weiterbildungsbereich erscheint es lohnend, diese Teilgruppe des Weiterbildungspersonals als solche zukünftig genauer zu untersuchen.
Imputation of single‐cell gene expression with an autoencoder neural network
Authors: Badsha Md. Bahadur , Li Rui , Liu Boxiang , Li Yang I. , Xian Min , Banovich Nicholas E. , Qiuyan Fu Audrey 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundSingle‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) is a rapidly evolving technology that enables measurement of gene expression levels at an unprecedented resolution. Despite the explosive growth in the number of cells that can be assayed by a single experiment, scRNA‐seq still has several limitations, including high rates of dropouts, which result in a large number of genes having zero read count in the scRNA‐seq data, and complicate downstream analyses.MethodsTo overcome this problem, we treat zeros as missing values and develop nonparametric deep learning methods for imputation. Specifically, our LATE (Learning with AuToEncoder) method trains an autoencoder with random initial values of the parameters, whereas our TRANSLATE (TRANSfer learning with LATE) method further allows for the use of a reference gene expression data set to provide LATE with an initial set of parameter estimates.ResultsOn both simulated and real data, LATE and TRANSLATE outperform existing scRNA‐seq imputation methods, achieving lower mean squared error in most cases, recovering nonlinear gene‐gene relationships, and better separating cell types. They are also highly scalable and can efficiently process over 1 million cells in just a few hours on a GPU.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that our nonparametric approach to imputation based on autoencoders is powerful and highly efficient.
Hydroiodic Acid Additive Enhanced the Performance and Stability of PbS-QDs Solar Cells via Suppressing Hydroxyl Ligand
Authors: Yang Xiaokun , Yang Ji , Khan Jahangeer , Deng Hui , Yuan Shengjie , Zhang Jian , Xia Yong , Deng Feng , Zhou Xue , Umar Farooq , Jin Zhixin , Song Haisheng , Cheng Chun , Sabry Mohamed , Tang Jiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe recent emerging progress of quantum dot ink (QD-ink) has overcome the complexity of multiple-step colloidal QD (CQD) film preparation and pronouncedly promoted the device performance. However, the detrimental hydroxyl (OH) ligands induced from synthesis procedure have not been completely removed. Here, a halide ligand additive strategy was devised to optimize QD-ink process. It simultaneously reduced sub-bandgap states and converted them into iodide-passivated surface, which increase carrier mobility of the QDs films and achieve thicker absorber with improved performances. The corresponding power conversion efficiency of this optimized device reached 10.78%. (The control device was 9.56%.) Therefore, this stratege can support as a candidate strategy to solve the QD original limitation caused by hydroxyl ligands, which is also compatible with other CQD-based optoelectronic devices.
Evaluation of Relationships Between Ridership Demand and Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Indicators Focused on Land Use Density, Diversity, and Accessibility: A Case Study of Existing Metro Stations in Bangkok
Authors: Nyunt Khin Thiri Kyaw , Wongchavalidkul Natachai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to support the transit-oriented development (TOD) in Thailand. The main research objective is to explore the relationship between ridership demand and TOD indicators, which is expected to be the first question that a developer in Thailand must be able to answer in order to direct their development plan in the right direction. Using existing Bangkok metro stations as a case study, 22 variables categorized into three groups (density, diversity, and design) were collected for an 800-m buffer area around the stations. Results of the correlation analysis between transit ridership and other variables show a significant relation with the volume of transit ridership. Bus services have a stronger influence on transit ridership than railway stations and ferries (pier). Also, the interchange stations and park-and-ride buildings are found to be the main variables that correlate directly with the transit ridership numbers. Results from the principal component analysis are used to evaluate factors of TOD characteristics for the existing Bangkok metro stations, categorized into seven factor groups.
CHARACTER LEVELS AND CHARACTER BOUNDS
Authors: GURALNICK ROBERT M. , LARSEN MICHAEL , TIEP PHAM HUU 
Published: January 2020

We develop the concept of character level for the complex irreducible characters of finite, general or special, linear and unitary groups. We give characterizations of the level of a character in terms of its Lusztig label and in terms of its degree. Then we prove explicit upper bounds for character values at elements with not-too-large centralizers and derive upper bounds on the covering number and mixing time of random walks corresponding to these conjugacy classes. We also characterize the level of the character in terms of certain dual pairs and prove explicit exponential character bounds for the character values, provided that the level is not too large. Several further applications are also provided. Related results for other finite classical groups are obtained in the sequel [Guralnicket al. ‘Character levels and character bounds for finite classical groups’, Preprint, 2019,arXiv:1904.08070] by different methods.
The Politics of the Hijab in Post-Soviet Azerbaijan
Authors: Bashirov Galib 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn late 2010, Azerbaijan tried to introduce a ban on hijab in all secondary schools, referring to an article of the new Law of Education that mandated school uniforms. The supporters of the ban argued that the hijab was inimical to Azerbaijani culture and law because it violated the separation of religion and state, was a propaganda tool of Islamist fundamentalists funded from abroad, and was a foreign form of clothing that did not exist in Azerbaijani culture. This article examines why hijab is the focus of controversy in Azerbaijan. The supporters of the ban offered simple oppositions, such as secularism versus theocracy, modernity versus backwardness, and national versus foreign, to explain and justify the ban. However, these dichotomies do not capture the complexities of Islam in Azerbaijan. Rather, they are polemics that blur more than they reveal. In this article, I argue that the debates around the hijab controversy in Azerbaijan are a political discourse aimed at building a nation. The key contribution of this article is to examine the wider historical trajectory of the political discourse that constructed hijab as fundamentalist, backward, threatening, and alien, through discussing the topics of secularism, Islamist politics, modernity, and nationalism.
Investigation of the coronal heating through phase relation of solar activity indexes
Authors: Li K. J. , Xu J. C. , Yin Z. Q. , Xie J. L. , Feng W. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The coronal heating problem is a long-standing perplexing issue. In this study, 13 solar activity indexes are used to investigate their phase relation with the sunspot number (SSN). Only three of them are found to statistically significantly lag the SSN (large-scale magnetic activity) by about one solar rotation period; the three indexes are total solar irradiance (TSI), the modified coronal index, and the solar wind velocity; the former two indexes may represent the long-term variation of energy quantity of the heated photosphere and corona, respectively. The Mount Wilson Sunspot Index (MWSI) and the Magnetic Plage Strength Index (MPSI), which reflect the large- and small-scale magnetic field activities, respectively, are also utilised to investigate their phase relations with the three indexes. The three indexes are found to be much more intimately related to MPSI than to MWSI, and MWSI statistically significantly leads TSI by about one rotation period. The heated corona is found to pulse perfectly in step with the small-scale magnetic activity rather than the large-scale magnetic activity; furthermore, combined with observations, our statistical evidence should thus attribute coronal heating firmly to small-scale magnetic activity phenomena, such as spicules, micro-flares, nano-flares, and others. The photosphere and the corona are synchronously heated, which should seemingly prefer magnetic reconnection heating to wave heating. In the long term, such a coronal heating way is inferred effective. Statistically, it is also small-scale magnetic activity phenomena that produce TSI enhancement. Coronal heating and solar wind acceleration are found to be synchronous, as standard models require.
Ambedkar on the Haughty Face of Dignity
Authors: Cabrera Luis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCan a concept such as dignity, with roots in hierarchy and exclusion, serve as the constitutional basis for advancing egalitarian justice within a democratic political community? This article highlights some concerns, via engagement with the work of Indian constitutional architect and anti-caste champion B.R. Ambedkar. Ambedkar strongly associates dignity with upper-caste status in Hinduism, and with dispositions to haughtiness or arrogance toward lower-status persons. His analysis has implications for recent treatments which frame dignity as a property which is possessed equally by all persons and is suitable for grounding egalitarian justice within political communities. In such accounts, dignity is shown to entail a defensive disposition and indignation against others as potential rights violators. This introduces tensions between the dignitarian foundation and in some cases very expansive social justice aims. Ambedkar offers an alternative conception of innate worth or worthiness, entailing dispositions to openness and inclusiveness, rendered as fraternity, Deweyan social endosmosis, and ultimately the Buddhist maitri. Such an approach avoids some tensions between dignity/indignation and egalitarian aims, while also offering a way to conceptualize human and non-human animal relations that avoids simply reinscribing status hierarchies.
Tidal Wetland Gross Primary Production Across the Continental United States, 2000–2019
Authors: Feagin R. A. , Forbrich I. , Huff T. P. , Barr J. G. , Ruiz‐Plancarte J. , Fuentes J. D. , Najjar R. G. , Vargas R. , Vázquez‐Lule A. , Windham‐Myers L. , Kroeger K. D. , Ward E. J. , Moore G. W. , Leclerc M. , Krauss K. W. , Stagg C. L. , Alber M. , Knox S. H. , Schäfer K. V. R. , Bianchi T. S. , Hutchings J. A. , Nahrawi H. , Noormets A. , Mitra B. , Jaimes A. , Hinson A. L. , Bergamaschi B. , King J. S. , Miao G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe mapped tidal wetland gross primary production (GPP) with unprecedented detail for multiple wetland types across the continental United States (CONUS) at 16‐day intervals for the years 2000–2019. To accomplish this task, we developed the spatially explicit Blue Carbon (BC) model, which combined tidal wetland cover and field‐based eddy covariance tower data into a single Bayesian framework, and used a super computer network and remote sensing imagery (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Enhanced Vegetation Index). We found a strong fit between the BC model and eddy covariance data from 10 different towers (r2 = 0.83, p < 0.001, root‐mean‐square error = 1.22 g C/m2/day, average error was 7% with a mean bias of nearly zero). When compared with NASA's MOD17 GPP product, which uses a generalized terrestrial algorithm, the BC model reduced error by approximately half (MOD17 had r2 = 0.45, p < 0.001, root‐mean‐square error of 3.38 g C/m2/day, average error of 15%). The BC model also included mixed pixels in areas not covered by MOD17, which comprised approximately 16.8% of CONUS tidal wetland GPP. Results showed that across CONUS between 2000 and 2019, the average daily GPP per m2 was 4.32 ± 2.45 g C/m2/day. The total annual GPP for the CONUS was 39.65 ± 0.89 Tg C/year. GPP for the Gulf Coast was nearly double that of the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts combined. Louisiana alone accounted for 15.78 ± 0.75 Tg C/year, with its Atchafalaya/Vermillion Bay basin at 4.72 ± 0.14 Tg C/year. The BC model provides a robust platform for integrating data from disparate sources and exploring regional trends in GPP across tidal wetlands.
Heat Content Anomaly and Decay of Warm‐Core Rings: the Case of the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Meunier Thomas , Sheinbaum Julio , Pallàs‐Sanz Enric , Tenreiro Miguel , Ochoa José , Ruiz‐Angulo Angel , Carton Xavier , de Marez Charly 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, we harness the 25‐year satellite‐altimeter record, in concert with a vast array of in situ measurements, to estimate the heat content anomaly of 32 warm‐core rings in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). The decay rate of these mesoscale eddies is studied in detail, and it is shown that they release the majority of their heat as they drift in the central GoM (away from topographic obstacles). The surface heat fluxes from the eddies are shown to be small in comparison to the total rate of heat loss from the eddies, suggesting that heat is primarily released toward the surrounding water masses. Integrating the total heat evolution equation over the warm‐core rings yields an estimate of their effective lateral diffusivity coefficient. The long‐term impact of warm‐core rings on heat and salt balance in the GoM is also discussed.
Millimeter‐Scale Tsunami Detected by a Wide and Dense Observation Array in the Deep Ocean: Fault Modeling of an Mw 6.0 Interplate Earthquake off Sanriku, NE Japan
Authors: Kubota T. , Saito T. , Suzuki W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA new dense and widely distributed tsunami observation network installed off northeast Japan detected millimeter‐scale tsunamis from an Mw 6.0 shallow interplate earthquake on 20 August 2016. Based on the fault model deduced from this data set, we obtained a stress drop of 1.5 MPa for this event, similar to those associated with typical interplate earthquakes. The rupture area was unlikely to overlap with regions where slow earthquakes occur, such as low‐frequency‐tremors and very‐low‐frequency‐earthquakes. The results demonstrated that this new network has dramatically increased the detectability of millimeter‐scale tsunamis. Some near‐source stations were contaminated by large pressure offset signals irrelevant to tsunami, and we must therefore be careful when analyzing these data. Nonetheless, the new array enables estimations of the stress drops of moderate offshore earthquakes and can be used to elucidate the spatial variation of mechanical properties along the plate interface with much higher resolution than previously possible.
Detection of Gas Hydrates in Faults Using Azimuthal Seismic Velocity Analysis, Vestnesa Ridge, W‐Svalbard Margin
Authors: Singhroha Sunny , Bünz Stefan , Plaza‐Faverola Andreia , Chand Shyam 
Published: January 2020

AbstractJoint analysis of electrical resistivity and seismic velocity data is primarily used to detect the presence of gas hydrate‐filled faults and fractures. In this study, we present a novel approach to infer the occurrence of structurally controlled gas hydrate accumulations using azimuthal seismic velocity analysis. We perform this analysis using ocean‐bottom seismic data at two sites on Vestnesa Ridge, W‐Svalbard Margin. Previous geophysical studies inferred the presence of gas hydrates at shallow depths (up to ~190–195 m below the seafloor) in marine sediments of Vestnesa Ridge. We analyze azimuthal P‐wave seismic velocities in relation with steeply dipping near‐surface faults to study structural controls on gas hydrate distribution. This unique analysis documents directional changes in seismic velocities along and across faults. P‐wave velocities are elevated and reduced by ~0.06–0.08 km/s in azimuths where the raypath plane lies along the fault plane in the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) and below the base of the GHSZ, respectively. The resulting velocities can be explained with the presence of gas hydrate‐ and free gas‐filled faults above and below the base of the GHSZ, respectively. Moreover, the occurrence of elevated and reduced (>0.05 km/s) seismic velocities in groups of azimuths bounded by faults suggests compartmentalization of gas hydrates and free gas by fault planes. Results from gas hydrate saturation modeling suggest that these observed changes in seismic velocities with azimuth can be due to gas hydrate saturated faults of thickness greater than 20 cm and considerably smaller than 300 cm.
Multidecadal Basal Melt Rates and Structure of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Using Airborne Ice Penetrating Radar
Authors: Das Indrani , Padman Laurie , Bell Robin E. , Fricker Helen A. , Tinto Kirsty J. , Hulbe Christina L. , Siddoway Christine S. , Dhakal Tejendra , Frearson Nicholas P. , Mosbeux Cyrille , Cordero S. Isabel , Siegfried Matthew R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBasal melting of ice shelves is a major source of mass loss from the Antarctic Ice Sheet. In situ measurements of ice shelf basal melt rates are sparse, while the more extensive estimates from satellite altimetry require precise information about firn density and characteristics of near‐surface layers. We describe a novel method for estimating multidecadal basal melt rates using airborne ice penetrating radar data acquired during a 3‐year survey of the Ross Ice Shelf. These data revealed an ice column with distinct upper and lower units whose thicknesses change as ice flows from the grounding line toward the ice front. We interpret the lower unit as continental meteoric ice that has flowed across the grounding line and the upper unit as ice formed from snowfall onto the relatively flat ice shelf. We used the ice thickness difference and strain‐induced thickness change of the lower unit between the survey lines, combined with ice velocities, to derive basal melt rates averaged over one to six decades. Our results are similar to satellite laser altimetry estimates for the period 2003–2009, suggesting that the Ross Ice Shelf melt rates have been fairly stable for several decades. We identify five sites of elevated basal melt rates, in the range 0.5–2 m a−1, near the ice shelf front. These hot spots indicate pathways into the sub‐ice‐shelf ocean cavity for warm seawater, likely a combination of summer‐warmed Antarctic Surface Water and modified Circumpolar Deep Water, and are potential areas of ice shelf weakening if the ocean warms.
Preterm birth is associated with epigenetic programming of transgenerational hypertension in mice
Authors: Dumeige Laurence , Nehlich Mélanie , Viengchareun Say , Perrot Julie , Pussard Eric , Lombès Marc , Martinerie Laetitia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRenal and cardiovascular complications of prematurity are well established, notably the development of hypertension in adulthood. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our objective was to investigate the impact of prematurity on the ontogenesis of renal corticosteroid pathways, to evaluate its implication in perinatal renal complications and in the emergence of hypertension in adulthood. Swiss CD1 pregnant mice were injected with lipopolysaccharides at 18 days of gestation (E18) to induce prematurity at E18.5. Pups were sacrificed at birth, 7 days and 6 months of life. Second (F2) and third (F3) generations, established by mating prematurely born adult females with wild-type males, were also analyzed. Former preterm males developed hypertension at M6 (P < 0.0001). We found robust activation of renal corticosteroid target gene transcription at birth in preterm mice (αENaC (+45%), Gilz (+85%)), independent of any change in mineralocorticoid or glucocorticoid receptor expression. The offspring of the preterm group displayed increased blood pressure in F2 and F3, associated with increased renal Gilz mRNA expression, despite similar MR or GR expression and plasma corticosteroid levels measured by LC-MS/MS. Gilz promoter methylation measured by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR was reduced with a negative correlation between methylation and expression (P = 0.0106). Our study demonstrates prematurity-related alterations in renal corticosteroid signaling pathways, with transgenerational inheritance of blood pressure dysregulation and epigenetic Gilz regulation up to the third generation. This study provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in essential hypertension, which could partly be due to perinatal epigenetic programming from previous generations.
FeO–CeO2 nanocomposites: an efficient and highly selective catalyst system for photothermal CO2 reduction to CO
Authors: Zhao Jiaqing , Yang Qi , Shi Run , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Zhang Xin , Wu Li-Zhu , Tung Chen-Ho , Zhang Tierui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSolar-driven catalysis is a promising strategy for transforming CO2 into fuels and valuable chemical feedstocks, with current research focusing primarily on increasing CO2 conversion efficiency and product selectivity. Herein, a series of FeO–CeO2 nanocomposite catalysts were successfully prepared by H2 reduction of Fe(OH)3-Ce(OH)3 precursors at temperatures (x) ranging from 200 to 600 °C (the obtained catalysts are denoted as FeCe-x). An FeCe-300 catalyst with an Fe:Ce molar ratio of 2:1 demonstrated outstanding performance for photothermal CO2 conversion to CO in the presence of H2 under Xe lamp irradiation (CO2 conversion, 43.63%; CO selectivity, 99.87%; CO production rate, 19.61 mmol h−1 gcat−1; stable operation over 50 h). Characterization studies using powder X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy determined that the active catalyst comprises FeO and CeO2 nanoparticles. The selectivity to CO of the FeCe-x catalysts decreased as the reduction temperature (x) increased in the range of 300–500 °C due to the appearance of metallic Fe0, which introduced an additional reaction pathway for the production of CH4. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy identified formate, bicarbonate and methanol as important reaction intermediates during light-driven CO2 hydrogenation over the FeCe-x catalysts, providing key mechanistic information needed to explain the product distributions of CO2 hydrogenation on the different catalysts.