bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nrf2 activation through the PI3K/GSK-3 axis protects neuronal cells from Aβ-mediated oxidative and metabolic damage
Authors: Sotolongo Krystal , Ghiso Jorge , Rostagno Agueda 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Mounting evidence points to a crucial role of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a disorder in which brain glucose hypometabolism, downregulation of central elements of phosphorylation pathways, reduced ATP levels, and enhanced oxidative damage coexist, and sometimes precede, synaptic alterations and clinical manifestations. Since the brain has limited energy storage capacity, mitochondria play essential roles in maintaining the high levels of energy demand, but, as major consumers of oxygen, these organelles are also the most important generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, it is not surprising that mitochondrial dysfunction is tightly linked to synaptic loss and AD pathophysiology. In spite of their relevance, the mechanistic links among ROS homeostasis, metabolic alterations, and cell bioenergetics, particularly in relation to Aβ, still remain elusive.

Methods
We have used classic biochemical and immunocytochemical approaches together with the evaluation of real-time changes in global energy metabolism in a Seahorse Metabolic Analyzer to provide insights into the detrimental role of oligAβ in SH-SY5Y and primary neurons testing their pharmacologic protection by small molecules.

Results
Our findings indicate that oligomeric Aβ induces a dramatic increase in ROS production and severely affects neuronal metabolism and bioenergetics. Assessment of global energy metabolism in real time demonstrated Aβ-mediated reduction in oxygen consumption affecting basal and maximal respiration and causing decreased ATP production. Pharmacologic targeting of Aβ-challenged neurons with a set of small molecules of known antioxidant and cytoprotective activity prevented the metabolic/bioenergetic changes induced by the peptide, fully restoring mitochondrial function while inducing an antioxidant response that counterbalanced the ROS production. Search for a mechanistic link among the protective small molecules tested identified the transcription factor Nrf2—compromised by age and downregulated in AD and transgenic models—as their main target and the PI3K/GSK-3 axis as the central pathway through which the compounds elicit their Aβ protective action.

Conclusions
Our study provides insights into the complex molecular mechanisms triggered by oligAβ which profoundly affect mitochondrial performance and argues for the inclusion of small molecules targeting the PI3K/GSK-3 axis and Nrf2-mediated pathways as part of the current or future combinatorial therapies.
Children with autism spectrum disorder produce more ambiguous and less socially meaningful facial expressions: an experimental study using random forest classifiers
Authors: Grossard Charline , Dapogny Arnaud , Cohen David , Bernheim Sacha , Juillet Estelle , Hamel Fanny , Hun Stéphanie , Bourgeois Jérémy , Pellerin Hugues , Serret Sylvie , Bailly Kevin , Chaby Laurence 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundComputer vision combined with human annotation could offer a novel method for exploring facial expression (FE) dynamics in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).MethodsWe recruited 157 children with typical development (TD) and 36 children with ASD in Paris and Nice to perform two experimental tasks to produce FEs with emotional valence. FEs were explored by judging ratings and by random forest (RF) classifiers. To do so, we located a set of 49 facial landmarks in the task videos, we generated a set of geometric and appearance features and we used RF classifiers to explore how children with ASD differed from TD children when producing FEs.ResultsUsing multivariate models including other factors known to predict FEs (age, gender, intellectual quotient, emotion subtype, cultural background), ratings from expert raters showed that children with ASD had more difficulty producing FEs than TD children. In addition, when we explored how RF classifiers performed, we found that classification tasks, except for those for sadness, were highly accurate and that RF classifiers needed more facial landmarks to achieve the best classification for children with ASD. Confusion matrices showed that when RF classifiers were tested in children with ASD, anger was often confounded with happiness.LimitationsThe sample size of the group of children with ASD was lower than that of the group of TD children. By using several control calculations, we tried to compensate for this limitation.ConclusionChildren with ASD have more difficulty producing socially meaningful FEs. The computer vision methods we used to explore FE dynamics also highlight that the production of FEs in children with ASD carries more ambiguity.
Mapping the ischemic penumbra and predicting stroke progression in acute ischemic stroke: the overlooked role of susceptibility weighted imaging
Authors: Darwish Eman A. F. , Abdelhameed-El-Nouby Maha , Geneidy Eman 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Asymmetrically prominent veins (APVs) detected on susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in acute stroke patients are assumed to signify compromised cerebral perfusion. We aimed to explore the role of APVs in identifying the ischemic penumbra and predicting stroke progression in acute stroke patients

Methods
Twenty patients with a middle cerebral artery ischemic infarction presenting within 24 h of symptoms onset underwent SWI following our standard MR stroke protocol imaging sequences which included diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Follow-up (FUP) FLAIR images were obtained at least 5 days after the initial MRI study. The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) was used to determine the initial infarct size, extent of APVs and final infarct size on initial DWI, SWI, and FUP images respectively. For each patient, SWI was compared with DWI images to determine match/mismatch of their respective ASPECTS values and calculate mismatch scores, whereas acute DWI findings were compared with follow-up images to identify infarct growth (IG) and calculate infarction growth scores (IGS).

Results
IG occurred in 6/10 patients with a positive DWI-SWI mismatch and in none of the patients without a positive DWI-SWI mismatch. A positive DWI/SWI mismatch was significantly associated with IG (χ2 = 8.57, p = 0.0138, Cramer’s V = 0.65). A significant inverse correlation was found between SWI ASPECTS and IGS (rs = − 0.702, p = 0.001). DWI-SWI mismatch scores were strongly correlated with IGS. (rs = 0.788, p = 0.000)

Conclusion
A positive DWI-SWI mismatch is an indicator of the ischemic penumbra and a predictor of infarct expansion if left untreated.
The long-term effects of cancer survivorship on household assets
Authors: Pak Tae-Young , Kim Hyungsoo , Kim Kyoung Tae 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Less is known about the impact of cancer on household assets and household financial portfolio during which cancer survivors face higher mortality risk. Economic theory predicts that cancer survivors would deplete their wealth in such a way that meets immediate financial needs for treatment and that hedges the risk of anticipated medical expenses associated with recurrence. Building upon this prediction, we examine long-term changes in household assets in response to cancer diagnosis among middle-aged and elderly Americans (age ≥ 50).

Results
Using the 2000–2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, we estimated the household fixed effects regression that regresses household assets on time elapsed since cancer diagnosis (≤ 2 years, > 2 but ≤4 years, > 4 but ≤6 years, and > 6 but ≤8 years). Regression estimates were adjusted for demographic characteristics, general health condition, employment outcomes, and household economic attributes. Household assets were measured by total net worth as well as the amount of savings held in each asset category. The loss of household assets attributable to cancer was estimated to be $125,832 in 2015 dollars per household with a cancer patient. This change came from statistically significant reductions in investment assets, miscellaneous savings, real estate equity, and business equity, and increases in unsecured debt. We also found 17.2–28.0% increases in cash and cash-equivalent assets from + 2 years since diagnosis through the rest of the study periods. The accumulation of cash was observed for both the well-insured group (multiple coverages) and those with limited insurance (single coverage).

Conclusions
The results showed evidence of both asset depletion and precautionary accumulation of liquid assets among cancer survivors, which reduces risk exposure of household financial portfolio. Our findings highlighted that household asset is an important source of liquidity to finance cancer care and to absorb the expected expenditure risk associated with cancer recurrence. We also showed that health insurance provides limited coverage of health risks associated with cancer.
Early events following bovine leukaemia virus infection in calves with different alleles of the major histocompatibility complex DRB3 gene
Authors: Forletti Agustina , Lützelschwab Claudia María , Cepeda Rosana , Esteban Eduardo N. , Gutiérrez Silvina Elena 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCattle maintaining a low proviral load (LPL) status after bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) infection have been recognized as BLV controllers and non-transmitters to uninfected cattle in experimental and natural conditions. LPL has been associated with host genetics, mainly with the BoLA class II DRB3 gene. The aim of this work was to study the kinetics of BLV and the host response in Holstein calves carrying different BoLA-DRB3 alleles. Twenty BLV-free calves were inoculated with infected lymphocytes. Two calves were maintained uninfected as controls. Proviral load, total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, anti-BLVgp51 titres and BLVp24 expression levels were determined in blood samples at various times post-inoculation. The viral load peaked at 30 days post-inoculation (dpi) in all animals. The viral load decreased steadily from seroconversion (38 dpi) to the end of the study (178 dpi) in calves carrying a resistance-associated allele (*0902), while it was maintained at elevated levels in calves with *1501 or neutral alleles after seroconversion. Leukocyte and lymphocyte counts and BLVp24 expression did not significantly differ between genetic groups. Animals with < 20 proviral copies/30 ng of DNA at 178 dpi or < 200 proviral copies at 88 dpi were classified as LPL, while calves with levels above these limits were considered to have high proviral load (HPL) profiles. All six calves with the *1501 allele progressed to HPL, while LPL was attained by 6/7 (86%) and 2/6 (33%) of the calves with the *0902 and neutral alleles, respectively. One calf with both *0902 and *1501 developed LPL. This is the first report of experimental induction of the LPL profile in cattle.
A systematic review protocol on small/kiddie cigarette packaging size and its impact on smoking
Authors: Mat Rifin Halizah , Rodzlan Hasani Wan Shakira , Ling Miaw Yn Jane , Robert Lourdes Tania Gayle , Saminathan Thamil Arasu , Ab Majid Nur Liana , Ahmad Ahzairin , Ismail Hasimah , Mohd Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSmall/kiddie cigarette packs consist of less than 20 cigarette sticks. Kiddie packs were recently proposed to be reintroduced by the tobacco industry with an excuse to prevent consumers from buying illicit cigarettes. By reintroducing kiddie packs, cigarettes will inevitably be more affordable and this would appeal to lower-income consumers especially teens. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify the impact of kiddie packs on smoking, specifically on smoking initiation, the urge/tendency to buy cigarettes and attempts to reduce cigarette consumption.MethodsThis systematic review will be based on the review of original articles on the impact of kiddie packs on smoking. There is no restriction on the publication dates. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus will be searched to retrieve potential original articles. Additional records identified through other sources: Google Scholar, as well as Journal of Substance Use and Tobacco Control, are also to be searched. These will include original articles in any language which included all study designs (randomised controlled trials, quasi experimental and experimental studies, observational cross-sectional and cohort studies) comparing kiddie packs with regular cigarette packs. The primary outcomes of interest will be initiation of smoking and urge/tendency to buy cigarettes in the general population and attempts to reduce cigarette consumption among current smokers. Secondary outcomes will be the prevalence of smoking using kiddie packs among the current smokers.DiscussionThis systematic review will provide evidence to support the impact of kiddie packs on smoking in terms of smoking initiation, smoking prevalence, urge/tendency to purchase cigarettes and attempts to reduce cigarette consumption. The findings from this review could be helpful to policymakers in regulating kiddie packs to control the consumption of tobacco.Systematic review registrationPROSPEROCRD42018102325
Cloudy transaction costs: a dive into cloud computing economics
Authors: Makhlouf Rasha 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLooking merely from the neoclassical perspective, cloud computing is price effective. However, according to institutional and transaction cost economics, cloud customers should estimate other costs beyond the price. Such costs may not be known to cloud customers, leading to unmet expectations and implementation challenges. The aim of this paper is to study transaction costs of cloud computing from the customer perspective to make the cloud journey less cloudy, i.e. more informed and well planned. This paper applies transaction cost theory to cloud computing through a 360-degree industry analysis. Expert interviews with vendor, customer and consultancy sides were conducted to understand costs associated with cloud computing. Findings were validated through a case study. Findings of this research indicate that cloud has high ‘asset specificity’ due to change management costs, meta services costs and business process reengineering costs. Cloud also has a considerable level of ‘uncertainty’ asking for managing contracts, investing in cloud-specific monitoring solutions and consciously reviewing of the legal compliance. Finally, cloud has high ‘transaction frequency’, which compensates for the needed investments triggered by ‘uncertainty’ and ‘asset specificity’.
Design of a randomized controlled trial to Link Infectious and Narcology Care (LINC-II) in St. Petersburg, Russia
Authors: Gnatienko Natalia , Lioznov Dmitry , Raj Anita , Blokhina Elena , Rosen Sydney , Cheng Debbie M. , Lunze Karsten , Bendiks Sally , Truong Ve , Bushara Natalia , Toussova Olga , Quinn Emily , Krupitsky Evgeny , Samet Jeffrey H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundIf Russia is to achieve the UNAIDS 90-90-90 HIV targets, better approaches to engage, effectively treat, and retain patients in care are needed. This paper describes the protocol of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing the effectiveness of LINC-II, a strength-based case management program for HIV-positive people who inject drugs (PWID) to increase rates of HIV viral suppression, ART initiation, and opioid abstinence.MethodsThis RCT will enroll and randomize 240 participants, recruited from a narcology (addiction care) hospital in St. Petersburg, Russia. Participants are randomized to the intervention or control arms. Those in the intervention arm receive: (1) strengths-based HIV case management supporting coordinated care; (2) rapid ART initiation; and (3) pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder. We will evaluate the intervention’s effectiveness compared to standard of care on the following outcomes: (1) undetectable HIV viral load at 12 months (primary); (2) initiation of ART within 28 days of randomization; (3) change in CD4 count from baseline to 12 months; (4) retention in HIV care (i.e., ≥ 1 visit to medical care in 2 consecutive 6 month periods); (5) undetectable HIV viral load at 6 months; and (6) past 30-day opioid abstinence (at 6 and at 12 months).DiscussionThis RCT will assess the LINC-II intervention in an urban Russian setting. If effective, it will offer a new approach for increasing the uptake of both HIV and opioid use disorder treatment and coordination of these modalities in standard Eastern European clinical settings.Trial registrationThis study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov through the National Institutes of Health, NCT03290391. Registered 19 September 2017,https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03290391
Point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use and healthcare-associated infections in Belgian acute care hospitals: results of the Global-PPS and ECDC-PPS 2017
Authors:   the Belgian Point Prevalence Survey Study Group, Vandael Eline , Latour Katrien , Goossens Herman , Magerman Koen , Drapier Nico , Catry Boudewijn , Versporten Ann 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial use organized by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC-PPS) and the Global Point Prevalence Survey of antimicrobial consumption (Global-PPS) were simultaneously performed in Belgian acute care hospitals in 2017.

Methods
Belgian acute care hospitals were invited to participate in either the ECDC or Global-PPS. Hospital/ward/patient-level data were collected between September–December 2017. All patients present in the wards at 8 a.m. on the day of the PPS were included. The data of the ECDC and Global-PPS on antimicrobial consumption were pooled. Detailed data on HAIs were analysed for ECDC-PPS.

Results
Overall, 110 Belgian acute care hospital sites participated in the ECDC and Global-PPS (countrywide participation rate: 81.4%, 28,007 patients). Overall, a crude prevalence of patients with at least one antimicrobial of 27.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 26.5–27.6%) was found. The most frequently reported indications were pneumonia (23.2%), urinary tract infections (15.2%) and skin and soft tissue infections (11.9%). The reason for antimicrobial use was recorded for 81.9% of the prescriptions, a stop/review date for 40.8% and compliance with local antibiotic guidelines for 76.6%. In the ECDC-PPS, the crude prevalence of patients with at least one HAI was 7.3% (95%CI 6.8–7.7%). Most frequently reported HAIs were pneumonia (21.6%) and urinary tract infections (21.3%).

Conclusions
HAI and antimicrobial use prevalence remained stable in comparison with the previous PPS (7.1% and 27.4% in 2011 and 2015, respectively). Belgian hospitals should be further stimulated to set local targets to improve antibiotic prescribing and reduce HAI.
Direct electrophoretic microRNA preparation from clinical samples using nanofilter membrane
Authors: Lee Kidan , Kang Jae-Hyun , Kim Hyun-Mi , Ahn Junhyoung , Lim Hyungjun , Lee JaeJong , Jeon Wan-Jin , Lee Jae-Hoon , Kim Ki-Bum 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA method to directly collect negatively charged nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, in the biosamples simply by applying an electric field in between the sample and collection buffer separated by the nanofilter membrane is proposed. The nanofilter membrane was made of low-stress silicon nitride with a thickness of 100 nm, and multiple pores were perforated in a highly arranged pattern using nanoimprint technology with a pore size of 200 nm and a pore density of 7.22 × 108/cm2. The electrophoretic transport of hsa-mir-93-5p across the membrane was confirmed in pure microRNA (miRNA) mimic solution using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR). Consistency of the collected miRNA quantity, stability of the system during the experiment, and yield and purity of the prepared sample were discussed in detail to validate the effectiveness of the electrical protocol. Finally, in order to check the applicability of this method to clinical samples, liquid biopsy process was demonstrated by evaluating the miRNA levels in sera of hepatocellular carcinoma patients and healthy controls. This efficient system proposed a simple, physical idea in preparation of nucleic acid from biosamples, and demonstrated its compatibility to biological downstream applications such as qRT-PCR as the conventional nucleic acid extraction protocols.
Incidence reporting via online high school concussion surveillance by certified athletic trainers and school nurses, 2015–2018
Authors: Gonzalez Lauren , Jones Laura E. , Fakeh Maryanne , Shah Nimit , Panchella Joseph A. , Shendell Derek G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
There is an increasing concern over adolescent concussions in sports due to risks of long-term negative effects. This study analyzed data over three school years on reported concussion incidence rates by season, high school grade levels and gender, and reported symptoms by school nurses versus athletic trainers, from New Jersey student-athlete concussion data available from an online school-based surveillance system.

Methods
School nurses and athletic trainers reported 300 concussions within five days from when each occurred over three school years, 2015–2018, in team sports and physical education in New Jersey high schools. Analysis was further conducted on symptoms and number of symptoms reported by school nurses versus school athletic trainers for each documented student-athlete concussion. Estimated concussion incidence rates were calculated using state agency verified school enrollment data.

Findings
Concussions most commonly occurred during fall, followed by spring, then winter. Concussion incidence rates ranged from 6.3/1000 (4.99, 7.55) – 9.1/1000 (7.27, 10.98) students over the three school years of the study. Athletic trainers completed 86% of the reports while nurses completed 11% (position or title of 3%, or n = 7, were not disclosed); the values were similar when considering only fall pre-season and regular season sports (88, 10, 2%, respectively). On average, across the three school years, athletic trainers reported about 3.5 symptoms per report while nurses reported 2.7 (values in fall seasons only were 3.7 and 3.1, respectively.)

Conclusions
Certified athletic trainers, compared to school nurses, more often completed concussion report forms and reported more symptoms per injured student, perhaps due partly to closer contact and immediate care provided after injury. Additionally, this study had a higher concussion incidence rate during fall sports seasons compared to winter and spring. Future research can further improve our understanding of concussions among adolescent student-athletes to better inform concussion identification, management and recovery protocols.