bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal neutron irradiation effects on structural and electrical properties of n-type 4H‒SiC
Authors: Vali Indudhar Panduranga , Shetty Pramoda Kumara , Mahesha M. G. , Rao Mala N. , Kesari Swayam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this article, the thermal neutron irradiation (NI) effects on the structural properties of n-4H–SiC and electrical properties of Al/n-4H–SiC Schottky contacts have been reported. The noticeable modifications observed in the irradiated samples were studied by using different techniques. The X-ray diffraction studies revealed a decrease in the lattice parameter of the irradiated samples due to isotopic modifications and irradiation-induced defects in the material. As a result, the energy bandgap, Urbach energy, longitudinal optical phonon‒plasmon coupling mode, free carrier concentration, defect related photoluminescence and nitrogen bound exciton photoluminescence bands were prominently affected in the irradiated samples. The current–voltage characteristics of neutron irradiated Al/n-4H–SiC Schottky contacts were also strikingly affected in terms of zero-bias offset as well as decrease in the forward current. These modifications along with the increase in the Schottky junction parameters (such as ideality factor, Schottky barrier height and series resistance) were attributed to neutron-induced isotopic effects and decrease in the free carrier concentration due to induced defect states.
PVC and PET microplastics in caddisfly (Lepidostoma basale) cases reduce case stability
Authors: Ehlers Sonja M. , Al Najjar Tamara , Taupp Thomas , Koop Jochen H. E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCaddisfly larvae occur in streams and rivers, and many caddisfly species build protective cases using material from their habitat such as sand grains. At the same time, microplastics (MPs) are regularly deposited in aquatic sediments and are incorporated into caddisfly (Lepidostoma basale) cases in the field. However, it is unknown what the effects of MP incorporation into cases might be on the health of the caddisfly larvae. Hence, we offered two commonly used MPs (polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) to L. basale larvae during a laboratory experiment. Both plastic types have a high density and co-occur with L. basale larvae in benthic habitats. In our experiment, L. basale actively used sand, PET and PVC MPs for building tube-like portable or emergency cases. The latter is a temporary shelter under which the larva can hide for immediate protection. Furthermore, case stability decreased with increasing PVC and PET particle content in the cases, suggesting that MPs may threaten caddisflies by destabilising cases. When case stability is reduced, the protective function of the cases is limited and the larvae may be more prone to predation. Additionally, larvae may be washed away by the current as plastic is lighter than sand. Both effects could limit the caddisfly’s survival, which could have far-reaching consequences as caddisfly larvae are important primary consumers in aquatic ecosystems.
Assigned NMR backbone resonances of the ligand-binding region domain of the pneumococcal serine-rich repeat protein (PsrP-BR) reveal a rigid monomer in solution
Authors: Schulte Tim , Sala Benedetta Maria , Nilvebrant Johan , Nygren Per-Åke , Achour Adnane , Shernyukov Andrey , Agback Tatiana , Agback Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe pneumococcal serine rich repeat protein (PsrP) is displayed on the surface of Streptococcus pneumoniae with a suggested role in colonization in the human upper respiratory tract. Full-length PsrP is a 4000 residue-long multi-domain protein comprising a positively charged functional binding region (BR) domain for interaction with keratin and extracellular DNA during pneumococcal adhesion and biofilm formation, respectively. The previously determined crystal structure of the BR domain revealed a flat compressed barrel comprising two sides with an extended β-sheet on one side, and another β-sheet that is distorted by loops and β-turns on the other side. Crystallographic B-factors indicated a relatively high mobility of loop regions that were hypothesized to be important for binding. Furthermore, the crystal structure revealed an inter-molecular β-sheet formed between edge strands of two symmetry-related molecules, which could promote bacterial aggregation during biofilm formation. Here we report the near complete 15N/13C/1H backbone resonance assignment of the BR domain of PsrP, revealing a secondary structure profile that is almost identical to the X-ray structure. Dynamic 15N-T1, T2 and NOE data suggest a monomeric and rigid structure of BR with disordered residues only at the N- and C-termini. The presented peak assignment will allow us to identify BR residues that are crucial for ligand binding.
Is a harsh childhood growth environment reflected in parental images and emotional distress in adulthood?
Authors: Kiviniemi Annukka A. I. , Koivumaa-Honkanen Heli-Tuulie J. , Heikkinen Hanna P. , Moilanen Irma K. , Ebeling Hanna E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHarsh parenting can predispose a child to emotional distress, whereas a supportive childhood environment furthers later subjective well-being. We investigated whether the mother’s self-reported assessment of her strictness and the adult offspring’s recollections of the disciplinary methods of their parents are reflected in the adult offspring’s recalled parental images and current emotional distress, anxiety and depression as assessed by the Hopkins Symptom Check List (HSCL-25). Further, we investigated whether the offspring’s parental images were also associated with the HSCL-25 scores. Data was collected from northern Finland. The mothers responded to a questionnaire when their child was seven years old (N = 354) and the adult offspring responded at age 28–29 (N = 337). The mother’s assessment of her own strictness was associated both with the adult offspring’s dominating images of their parents and their current emotional distress, anxiety and depression. The offspring’s recollections of restriction and corporal punishment were associated with dominating parental images, and these images further with current emotional distress, anxiety and depression of the offspring. Correspondingly, the offspring’s recollections of parental dialogic discipline were associated with supportive and sociable parental images, and recalled paternal dialogic discipline was associated with lower current emotional distress, particularly in the female offspring. In conclusion, harsh parenting was associated with dominating parental images, which in turn were associated with emotional distress in adulthood. Dialogic discipline and the father’s role in parenting were emphasized in the offspring’s well-being, but more research is needed to assess the importance of paternity for the offspring’s subjective well-being.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Light hydrocarbon geochemistry: insight into oils/condensates families and inferred source rocks of the Woodford–Mississippian tight oil play in North-Central Oklahoma, USA
Authors: Wang Ting , Zhang Dong-Lin , Yang Xiao-Yong , Xu Jing-Qian , Matthew Coffey , Tang You-Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Woodford–Mississippian “Commingled Production” is a prolific unconventional hydrocarbon play in Oklahoma, USA. The tight reservoirs feature variations in produced fluid chemistry usually explained by different possible source rocks. Such chemical variations are regularly obtained from bulk, molecular, and isotopic characteristics. In this study, we present a new geochemical investigation of gasoline range hydrocarbons, biomarkers, and diamondoids in oils from Mississippian carbonate and Woodford Shale. A set of oil/condensate samples were examined using high-performance gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The result of the condensates from the Anadarko Basin shows a distinct geochemical fingerprint reflected in light hydrocarbon characterized by heptane star diagrams, convinced by biomarker characteristics and diamantane isomeric distributions. Two possible source rocks were identified, the Woodford Shale and Mississippian mudrocks, with a variable degree of mixing. Thermal maturity based on light hydrocarbon parameters indicates that condensates from the Anadarko Basin are of the highest maturity, followed by “Old” Woodford-sourced oils and central Oklahoma tight oils. These geochemical parameters shed light on petroleum migration within Devonian–Mississippian petroleum systems and mitigate geological risk in exploring and developing petroleum reservoirs.
Uranium and Its Correlation with other Geogenic Contaminants in Ground Water of Ganga Yamuna Doab, Fatehpur District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Prakash Ram , Bhartariya K. G. , Singh Supriya , Singh Karam , Rajak Madhavi , Kaushik Y. B. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Uranium is a naturally occurring radioactive element present throughout the environment, atmosphere, food, soil, rocks, and natural waters along with Pb, Cr, As, Zn & Fe. The exposure to the elements may rise in the cases wherever potable water is obtained directly from geogenically affected ground water sources. The uranium impacts are primarily from its chemical activities, instead of long-run tomographical toxic effects, which may lead to urinary organ damage and its non functional.
Uranium in 17% ground water samples has been found beyond limit along with other health effecting toxic metals (Pb, Cr, Mn, Fe, As, Zn) in Fatehpur district, Uttar Pradesh bordered by Ganga and Yamuna rivers in the north and south respectively. The affirmative values of uranium on liquid scintillation counter was observed in positive correlation with chromium and lead near the interface of the saturated-unsaturated zone, while zinc, arsenic and iron were very poorly correlated.
The use of the Open-Loop Onset Point (OLOP) to predict rotorcraft pilot-induced oscillations
Authors: Jones Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Open-Loop Onset Point (OLOP) criterion has, for many years, been successfully used as a method to predict quasi-non-linear pilot-induced oscillations (PIOs) for fixed-wing aircraft. Only limited research has been conducted using the criterion for prediction of PIOs occurring in rotorcraft. This paper details a study to extend the application of OLOP to rotorcraft, using the combination of control inputs appropriate for the task and a suitable pilot model. Results are compared between pilot subjective opinion and OLOP predictions, from tests performed in a ground-based simulation facility. Using ‘task-specific’ application of OLOP, results obtained in the investigation are encouraging, whereby the objective predictions reflect subjective pilot assessment. From results obtained, a modified boundary is presented.
Why bees are critical for achieving sustainable development
Authors: Patel Vidushi , Pauli Natasha , Biggs Eloise , Barbour Liz , Boruff Bryan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReductions in global bee populations are threatening the pollination benefits to both the planet and people. Whilst the contribution of bee pollination in promoting sustainable development goals through food security and biodiversity is widely acknowledged, a range of other benefits provided by bees has yet to be fully recognised. We explore the contributions of bees towards achieving the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Our insights suggest that bees potentially contribute towards 15 of the 17 SDGs and a minimum of 30 SDG targets. We identify common themes in which bees play an essential role, and suggest that improved understanding of bee contributions to sustainable development is crucial for ensuring viable bee systems.
Sendai Five Years on: Reflections on the Role of International Law in the Creation and Reduction of Disaster Risk
Authors: Aronsson-Storrier Marie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article offers a critical examination of the position of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 within international law. It is argued that any interrogation into the relationship between international law and disaster risk reduction (DRR) must begin not with existing DRR laws and policies, but rather with an enquiry into the nature of disaster risk and the role of international law in its creation and reduction. It is demonstrated how, while areas such as international human rights law can be utilized to enforce obligations in support of DRR, other areas—in particular international investment law—actively work to undermine DRR efforts. In order for international law to be a productive tool in the reduction of disaster risk, international lawyers must engage with critical work in disaster studies and explore the role that international law has played, and can play, in creating and addressing hazards, vulnerabilities, and capacities.
Five Years Later: Assessing the Implementation of the Four Priorities of the Sendai Framework for Inclusion of People with Disabilities
Authors: Bennett DeeDee 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEfforts to reduce disaster risk around the world should purposefully consider the needs of potentially vulnerable populations, including people with disabilities. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR) is one of the few global disaster-related frameworks with a focus on people with disabilities. The objective of this article is to assess the inclusion of people with disabilities in disaster risk reduction strategies worldwide since the establishment of SFDRR as gleaned from research. Several studies were reviewed to observe how the four priorities were implemented and operationalized in various countries to reduce the risk for people with disabilities. Findings indicate that initial applications of the SFDRR have compelled purposeful actions, but there is still room for improvement regarding people with disabilities. The results conclude that slight variations on the definitions of disaster or disability may increase marginalization. Three key themes emerged: (1) the intersectionality of disability with other dimensions of vulnerability warrants focused consideration; (2) enhanced disaster preparedness requires more attention in order to empower people with disabilities; and (3) negative cultural attitudes need to shift to enable purposeful inclusion of people with disabilities. Additional studies on the global investments made are encouraged to share lessons learned regarding the integration of people with disabilities.
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of severe pneumonias caused by Chlamydia psittaci
Authors: Chen Xiancheng , Cao Ke , Wei Yu , Qian Yajun , Liang Jing , Dong Danjiang , Tang Jian , Zhu Zhanghua , Gu Qin , Yu Wenkui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Chlamydia psittaci infection in humans can lead to serious clinical manifestations, including severe pneumonia, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and, rarely, death. Implementation of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) gives a promising new tool for diagnosis. The clinical spectrum of severe psittacosis pneumonia is described to provide physicians with a better understanding and to highlight the rarity and severity of severe psittacosis pneumonia.

Methods
Nine cases of severe psittacosis pneumonia were diagnosed using mNGS. Retrospective analysis of the data on disease progression, new diagnosis tool, treatments, and outcomes, and the findings were summarised.

Results
Frequent symptoms included chills and remittent fever (100%), cough and hypodynamia (100%), and headache and myalgia (77.8%). All patients were severe psittacosis pneumonia developed respiratory failure, accompanied by sepsis in 6/9 patients. mNGS takes 48–72 h to provide the results, and help to identify diagnosis of psittacosis. Laboratory data showed normal or slightly increased leucocytes, neutrophils, and procalcitonin but high C-reactive protein levels. Computed tomography revealed air-space consolidation and ground-glass opacity, which began in the upper lobe of one lung, and spread to both lungs, along with miliary, nodular, or consolidated shadows. One patient died because of secondary infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae, while the other eight patients experienced complete recoveries.

Conclusions
The use of mNGS can improve accuracy and reduce the delay in diagnosis of psittacosis. Severe psittacosis pneumonia responds well to the timely use of appropriate antibiotics.
Nano-Medicine for Thrombosis: A Precise Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy
Authors: Su Min , Dai Qixuan , Chen Chuan , Zeng Yun , Chu Chengchao , Liu Gang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThrombosis is a global health issue and one of the leading factors of death. However, its diagnosis has been limited to the late stages, and its therapeutic window is too narrow to provide reasonable and effective treatment. In addition, clinical thrombolytics suffer from a short half-life, allergic reactions, inactivation, and unwanted tissue hemorrhage. Nano-medicines have gained extensive attention in diagnosis, drug delivery, and photo/sound/magnetic-theranostics due to their convertible properties. Furthermore, diagnosis and treatment of thrombosis using nano-medicines have also been widely studied. This review summarizes the recent advances in this area, which revealed six types of nanoparticle approaches: (1) in vitro diagnostic kits using “synthetic biomarkers”; (2) in vivo imaging using nano-contrast agents; (3) targeted drug delivery systems using artificial nanoparticles; (4) microenvironment responsive drug delivery systems; (5) drug delivery systems using biological nanostructures; and (6) treatments with external irradiation. The investigations of nano-medicines are believed to be of great significance, and some of the advanced drug delivery systems show potential applications in clinical theranotics.
Environmental Analysis with 2D Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide-Based Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Chen Xiaoyan , Liu Chengbin , Mao Shun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractField-effect transistors (FETs) present highly sensitive, rapid, and in situ detection capability in chemical and biological analysis. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) attract significant attention as FET channel due to their unique structures and outstanding properties. With the booming of studies on TMDC FETs, we aim to give a timely review on TMDC-based FET sensors for environmental analysis in different media. First, theoretical basics on TMDC and FET sensor are introduced. Then, recent advances of TMDC FET sensor for pollutant detection in gaseous and aqueous media are, respectively, discussed. At last, future perspectives and challenges in practical application and commercialization are given for TMDC FET sensors. This article provides an overview on TMDC sensors for a wide variety of analytes with an emphasize on the increasing demand of advanced sensing technologies in environmental analysis.
A Proposal for the Standardized Reporting of Error and Paradata Regarding Structure from Motion (SfM) 3D Models Used in Recording and Consolidating Archaeological Architecture
Authors: Borrero Mario , Stroth Luke R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the past decade, archaeologists have increasingly made use of photogrammetry, the process of creating 3D models from photographs, in a variety of field and lab settings. We argue that we must, as a discipline, develop a consistent methodology to ensure that 3D models are held to a consistent standard, including not only photographic protocol but also the documentation of model accuracy using an agreed-upon measure. To help develop this discussion, we present our system for incorporating photogrammetry into the documentation of architecture. This technique was developed at the site of Nim Li Punit, Belize, in 2018. Excavating architecture involves documenting the pre-excavated building, liberating overburden, documenting all in situ construction (including wall fall, fill stones, and standing architecture), drawing consolidated architecture, and documenting the final state of the post-excavated buildings. The generation of 3D models greatly assisted in all facets of the excavation, documentation, analysis, and consolidation processes. To ensure that our models were accurate, we documented the reprojection error and final model horizontal distortion to assess the quality of the model. We suggest that documenting both forms of error should become standard practice in any discussion of archaeological applications of photogrammetry.
Public Health Implementation Considerations for State-Level Ebola Monitoring and Movement Restrictions
Authors: Sell Tara Kirk , Shearer Matthew P. , Meyer Diane , Leinhos Mary , Thomas Erin , Carbone Eric G. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:This article describes implementation considerations for Ebola-related monitoring and movement restriction policies in the United States during the 2013–2016 West Africa Ebola epidemic.Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted between January and May 2017 with 30 individuals with direct knowledge of state-level Ebola policy development and implementation processes. Individuals represented 17 jurisdictions with variation in adherence to US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, census region, predominant state political affiliation, and public health governance structures, as well as the CDC.Results:Interviewees reported substantial resource commitments required to implement Ebola monitoring and movement restriction policies. Movement restriction policies, including for quarantine, varied from voluntary to mandatory programs, and, occasionally, quarantine enforcement procedures lacked clarity.Conclusions:Efforts to improve future monitoring and movement restriction policies may include addressing surge capacity to implement these programs, protocols for providing support to affected individuals, coordination with law enforcement, and guidance on varying approaches to movement restrictions.
Structural setting of a transpressive shear zone: insights from geological mapping, quartz petrofabric and kinematic vorticity analysis in NE Sardinia (Italy)
Authors: Graziani Riccardo , Montomoli Chiara , Iaccarino Salvatore , Menegon Luca , Nania Laura , Carosi Rodolfo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Posada–Asinara Line is a crustal-scale transpressive shear zone affecting the Variscan basement in northern Sardinia during Late Carboniferous time. We investigated a structural transect of the Posada–Asinara Line (Baronie) with the aid of geological mapping and structural analysis. N-verging F2 isoclinal folds with associated mylonitic foliation (S2) are the main deformation features developed during the Posada–Asinara Line activity (D2). The mineral assemblages and microstructures suggest that the Posada–Asinara Line was affected by a retrograde metamorphic path. This is also confirmed by quartz microstructures, where subgrain rotation recrystallization superimposes on grain boundary migration recrystallization. Crystallographic preferred orientation data, obtained using electron backscatter diffraction, allowed analysis of quartz slip systems and estimation of the deformation temperature, vorticity of flow and rheological parameters (flow stress and strain rate) during the Posada–Asinara Line activity. Quartz deformation temperatures of 400 ± 50 °C have been estimated along a transect perpendicular to the Posada–Asinara Line, in agreement with the syn-kinematic post-metamorphic peak mineral assemblages and the late microstructures of quartz. The D2 phase can be subdivided in two events: an early D2earlyphase, related to the metamorphic peak and low kinematic vorticity (pure shear dominated), and a late D2latephase characterized by a lower metamorphic grade and an increased kinematic vorticity (simple shear dominated). Palaeopiezometry and strain rate estimates associated with the D2latedeformation event showed an intensity gradient increasing towards the core of the shear zone. The D2earlydeformation developed under peak temperature conditions, while the D2lateevent was active at shallower structural levels.