bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTRANASAL TOPIRAMATE POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES FOR EPILEPSY: IN VITRO AND EX-VIVO INVESTIGATION
Authors: KUKUDKAR PRAVIN , RAHATE SONIYA , TRIVEDI RASHMI , UMEKAR MILIND , TAKSANDE JAYSHREE 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The presence of tight junctions in blood-brain barrier creates a major problem for the delivery of drugs and severely affects adequate therapeutic concentration to reach the brain. For the treatment of epilepsy, oral route of administration is most convenient but shows delayed absorption. Moreover, in emergency cases, parenteral administration is not possible as it requires medical assistance. Thus, an alternative route of drug delivery is highly desirable for an effective outcome.
Methods: In the present study, bioadhesive chitosan nanoparticles of topiramate for intranasal administration were prepared by ionotropic gelation method using chitosan as bioadhesive polymer and sodium tripolyphosphate as the crosslinking agent. The prepared nanoparticles were evaluated for physicochemical properties like particle size, surface morphology, drug content, entrapment efficiency, thermal behavior and crystallinity, in vitro drug diffusion, ex vivo bio adhesion, and ex vivo biocompatibility studies in excised sheep nasal mucosa.
Results: Differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction study showed molecular dispersion of drug into the polymer matrices and conversion of it into an amorphous form. Nanoparticles obtained were discrete in nature (size 313.5 nm) and appropriate for intranasal administration. The topiramate nanoparticles revealed high encapsulation efficacy, strong bioadhesion potential and high ex vivo permeation and did not exhibit any deformity to the nasal mucosa. In vitro drug diffusion of optimized formulation showed 92.91% release of drugs after 180 min. Ex-vivo permeation of drugs across nasal mucosa was 89.03 % after 180 min.
Conclusion: Hence, the intranasal administration of topiramate using chitosan can be a promising alternative for brain targeting and the treatment of epilepsy.
GUM KARAYA-G-POLY (ACRYLAMIDE): MICROWAVE ASSISTED SYNTHESIS, OPTIMISATION AND CHARACTERISATION
Authors: KAUR LOVELEENPREET , GUPTA G. D. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The objective of the present research is to formulate acrylamide grafted Karaya gum by using microwave-assisted grafting method and optimisation is performed by using Box behnken design.
Methods: The extracted mucilage of gum Karaya was modified into grafted gum Karaya by using a microwave-assisted method. Acrylamide was used as monomer and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) is used as redox initiator. The experimental design for optimisation include three independent variables gum concentration (X1), ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) amount (X2) and irradiation time (X3) while the dependent variables were % yield (Y1), % grafting (Y2) and % grafting efficiency (Y3). The optimised formulation was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.
Results: After optimisation the formulation with acrylamide amount 5 g, ceric ammonium nitrate amount 200 mg and irradiation time of 2 min was selected as optimized formulation. The optimised formulation has percentage grafting of 853.5%, with grafting efficiency of 77.59%.
Conclusion: The application of box behnken design for optimisation was performed successfully in microwave assisted grafting of acrylamide on karaya gum.
NANOEMULSION OF OKRA FRUIT EXTRACT AS ANTIDIABETIC TREATMENT
Authors: DJAMIL RATNA , ZAIDAN SARAH , RAHMAT DENI , PRATAMI DIAH KARTIKA , HAKIM FELIX 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) has potential antidiabetic activity. This study created a nanoemulsion of okra extract (NOE) and examined its activity on alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in mice.
Methods: Okra was macerated with 70% ethanol and dried in a rotary evaporator into the crude extract. The extract was encapsulated in a solution of glyceryl caprylate, propylene glycol, and glycerine to form a nanoemulsion. To determine the antihyperglycaemic effect of okra extract, 35 male mice (Mus musculus L.) were divided into seven groups: a non-diabetic normal control group and six diabetic mice groups (untreated negative control, glibenclamide-treated positive control, and four treatments with okra ethanol extract (OEE) at 200 and 400 mg/kg BW and NOE at 200 and 400 mg/kg BW).
Results: The group treated with NOE at 400 mg/kg BW (NOE400) had the lowest average blood glucose level of 93.4 mg/dL among hyperglycaemic mice. The decrease in blood glucose levels in NOE400 (52.05%) was significantly different from those in the positive control (42.63%) and OEE treatments (39.32%). The nanoemulsion used in this study fulfills quality requirements, with a mean particle size of 134.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.512, and a zeta value of −26.72 mV.
Conclusion: NOE reduced blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic mice better than OEE. Nanoemulsion can improve the antidiabetic activity of okra extract by increasing penetration of active compounds into interstitial space so that their delivery and bioavailability are higher.
CARMUSTINE LOADED NANOSIZE LIPID VESICLES SHOWED PREFERENTIAL CYTOTOXICITY AND INTERNALIZATION IN U87MG CELL LINE ALONG WITH IMPROVED PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILE IN MICE: A STRATEGY FOR TREATMENT OF GLIOMA
Authors: SATAPATHY BHABANI SANKAR , PANDA JNANRANJAN 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Successful treatment of glioma still remains a tough challenge. The present study aims at the development and evaluation of carmustine loaded nanosize phospholipid vesicles (CNLVs) for the treatment of glioma.
Methods: The experimental NLVs were developed by conventional lipid layer hydration technique and were characterized by different in vitro tools such as diffraction light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), in vitro drug loading capacity, drug release study etc. In vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of the optimized drug-loaded NLVs were carried out in U87MG human glioblastoma cell line. In vivo pharmacokinetic study was conducted in Swiss albino mice.
Results: DLS data showed an average vesicle diameter of 92 nm with narrow size distribution. Optimized CNLVs were spherical in shape with a smooth surface as depicted from FESEM data. Cryo-TEM study confirmed formation of unilamellar vesicles with intact outer bilayer. A reasonable drug loading of 7.8 % was reported for the optimized CNLVs along with a sustained release of CS over a 48 h study period. In vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed a considerable higher toxicity of CNLVs than free drugs in the U87MG cells. Confocal microscopy showed a satisfactory internalization of the optimized drug-loaded NLVs in the tested cell line. Pharmacokinetic data demonstrated an enhanced mean residence time of optimized CNLVs in blood than free drug.
Conclusion: Results depicted the potential of experimental CNLVs for the treatment of glioma after further in vivo tests.
EVALUATION OF FAMOTIDINE LOADED 3D-NANO-CELLULOSE NETWORK USED FOR ORAL ADMINISTRATION
Authors: MAI VAN-HUNG , NGUYEN XUAN-THANH , PHUNG THI-KIM-HUE , L. E. THI-PHUONG 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Evaluation Of Famotidine Loaded 3D-Nano-Cellulose Network three dimensional nano-cellulose network (3DNC) Used For Oral Administration. 3DNC is produced from bacteria living in fermented green tea and is the material containing nano-sized fibers, which is capable of loading Famotidine to form a prolonged release therapy to improve drug bioavailability.
Methods: Used healthy white rabbits, weight approximately 2.5-2.7 kg, the same age, laboratory standard, is supplied from The National Institute of Drug Quality Control. The rabbits have adapted to laboratory conditions at least one week and have starveling in 12 h, supplied fully water during the preparation. Rabbits are divided into 4 groups (n=3 for each group). Every rabbit is given 1 capsule or 1 tablet with a single dose of 20 mg/rabbit: group 1 (commercial drugs), group 2 (3DNC-standard medium (SM) loaded drug), group 3 (3DNC-coconut medium (CM) loaded drug) Group 4 (3DNC-rice medium (RM) loaded drug).
Results: The results have shown that 3DNC has the involvement of the nano-sized cellulose fibers with three-dimensional networks that are capable of loading Famotidine and prolonged drug release. The 3DNC cultured in the drug-loaded SM with slow-release and slow-release catalysts, the 3DNC was cultured in CMs and tablets with medium release rates, in comparison with the 3DNC was cultured in RM loaded at a rapid release rate in the same pH = 2.
Conclusion: Experiment on rabbits showed that the drug-loaded 3DNCs could help to prolong the drug release, in which the extended-release time of the 3DNC cultured in SM and CM was higher than that of the 3DNC grown in RM. The 3DNC loaded drugs help improve Famotidine bioavailability compared to commercial tablets.
PART II: OPTIMIZATION OF ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE SUSTAINED RELEASE LAYER IN ANTIHYPERTENSIVE BILAYER TABLET
Authors: TRIVEDI HARSH , PATEL KUNAL , OZA NISHANT A. , SAGAR SWATI 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Aim of the present study was the optimization of the sustained release (SR) layer of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) 40 mg and compressed with the immediate-release (IR) layer of hydralazine hydrochloride (HHC) 25 mg to decrease the dosing frequency and development of a novel b. i. d dosage form.
Methods: Drug excipients compatibility study was carried out by FT-IR and a preliminary study was conducted for screening of polymer. The amount of HPMC K100M (X1) and the amount of Polyoxtm WSR303 (X2) were chosen as independent variables in 32full factorial designs. While % cumulative drug releases at 1 h (Q1) (Y1), % cumulative drug release at 2 h (Q2) (Y2), % cumulative drug release at 4 h (Q4) (Y3) and % cumulative drug release at 6 h (Q6) (Y4), were taken as dependent variables and statistically evaluation by using sigma plot 13.0. In the present study, according to the U. S. P. 2007 the following constraints were used for the selection of an optimized batch: Q1=15% to 30%, Q2=50% to 70%, Q4=65% to 85% and Q6>75%. To validate the evolved mathematical models, a checkpoint batch was selected from its desirability value.
Results: FT-IR spectra show that the drug and excipients were compatible with each other. The calculated F values found for Q1, Q2, Q4, and Q6 were 084.583, 038.188, 057.719, and 118.396, respectively. All Calculated F values are greater than the tabulated value for all dependent variables. Prepared checkpoint batch selected from its desirability value 1 and it gives a 93.40±1.29 % drug release within 6 h.
Conclusion: This bilayer formulation of anti-hypertensive drugs decreases the dosing frequency of HHC and ISDN.
MESOPOROUS AEROGEL OF ARENGA PINNATA ENDOSPERM AND THEIR APPLICATION TO ADSORB VITAMIN E FROM PALM FATTY ACID DISTILLATE
Authors: TARIGAN JULIATI BR. , BARUS DIANA A. , ANGIN SABARMIN PERANGIN , SEBAYANG FIRMAN , - MISDAWATI 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The mesoporous aerogel (MA) has been produced from Arenga pinnata endosperm (APE) and was used to adsorb vitamin E from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD).
Methods: The adsorption process was carried out through the alcogel stage, followed by drying under dry air and reduced pressure. In the present work response surface methodology based on Box-Benhken design experiment was used to investigate the effect of dry APE types (1–3), the concentration of APE (1–1.5%, wt./v) and solvent exchange time (12–36 h).
Results: Based on the result, the optimum parameter to produce aerogel with low-density value are as follows: APE type of 1 with a concentration of 1.5% (wt./v) and 48 h solvent exchange time. The MA occurred from this parameters has diameter of 3.142–3.212 nm. The surface morphology of MA had changed from roughly hollowed to smooth and the amorf intensity decreased after vitamin E adsorption process.
Conclusion: The APE aerogels could adsorb vitamin E because the pores of aerogels and the galactomannan as the main component contains the branches galactose, which have hydrophilic phase and mannose which have hydrophobic phase, therefore, hydrophobic vitamin E are easy adsorbed on aerogels.
DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF PHYTOSOME OF TERBINAFINE HYDROCHLORIDE FOR ORAL DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: SHARMA SHIVAM , VIVEK  
Published: September 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and in vitro evaluation phytosome of terbinafine HCL to enhance the bioavailability for oral route.
Methods: The novel phytosome of terbinafine hydrochloride (TFH) was formulated with the molar ratio (1:2) of drug and phospholipid by using solvent evaporation technique. The resulting TFH-PC was determined by means of particle size analyzer (PSA), percentage yield, microscopy, drug content, transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Substantial contact of terbinafine HCL with phospholipids was completed through Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Results: The all relevant results of TFH-PC were showed that the percentage entrapment efficiency of formulation was found in 76% to 90%. In vitro release data were exhibited approximately 65% to 79% of the drug released from the TFH-PC formulation by using dialysis membrane technique. Therefore, Formulation (F3) was accomplished that phytosome contain the superior physical characters and compatibility with drug and phospholipids than to make it easy to overcome the competence of drug to pass the lipid-rich bio-membrane.
Conclusion: In present work, terbinafine loaded phytosome was formulated for increasing the oral bioavailability of selected drug. Hence, TER-HCL phytosome were effectively improved the absorption of drug in form of phospholipids complex.
The DETERMINATION OF AMILORIDE VIA QUENCHED CONTINUOUS FLUORESCENCE OF AZO DYE USING LOW-PRESSURE MERCURY LAMP TUBE (UV-LIGHT) AND MULTI SOLAR CELLS AT 2 X 90° AS A DETECTORS
Authors: NAFEA HUDA MUAYAD , TURKEY NAGHAM S. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The aim of the method was to develop a novel, simple and rapid fluorometric method determination of Amiloride (AMD) in pure form and pharmaceutical drugs via fluorescence measurements.
Methods: The method depends on fluorescence quenching of 2H-chromene azo dye (2-(4-nitrophenyl)-N-(4-(phenyldiazenyl)-2H-chromen-4-amine) upon adding Amiloride (AMD) using homemade ISNAG 2 X 90° multi solar cell via low-pressure mercury lamp at two significant wavelengths 184.9 and 253.7 nm combined with continuous flow injection analysis.
Results: Under the optimized conditions, the fluorescence quenching linear working range and percentage linearity (r2%) was (0.03-8 mmol/l) and 98.78 %, respectively. The suggested method was effectively applied to the determination of AMD in two different pharmaceutical drugs and compared with the classical method (UV-vis spectrophotometry at λ=540 nm).
Conclusion: The proposed and established method is simple, direct, and efficient. The statistical comparison results using a t-test at 95% confidence interval that was applied to compare the new and classical method showed there are no significant differences between the two methods.
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND STUDIES OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF DRUGS COATING LACTOSE IN FLUIDIZED BEDS
Authors: USPENSKAYA E. V. , PLETENEVA T. V. , SYROESHKIN A. V. , TARABRINA I. V. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Study physicochemical properties and activity of biotechnological drugs coating lactose particles in fluidized beds for the development of a prospective approach of their identification.
Methods: Lactose monohydrate as pharmaceutical excipient; affinity-purified polyclonal rabbit antibodies to recombinant human interferon-gamma as a drug substance; Pilotlab fluid bed apparatus was used for lactose powder saturation with solutions of pharmaceutical substances to the point of granulation (pelletizing); inverse light scattering method (2D-LS) for analysis of micron vibrations frequency spectra of samples surfaces for light intensity distribution in time by values of d1, d2, d3 primary descriptors; low angel and dynamic laser light scattering (LALLS, DLS) methods for distribution of lactose-water (LW) supramolecular complexes into volume fractions (micron "size spectra"), using the Master Sizer 2000 instrument and Zeta Sizer Nano ZS instrument in the nanoscale; Spirotox method for research of biological activity to determine the activation energy (Ea) values of cell death in solutions of tested samples.
Results: Changes in 2D-LS scattering time on sample surfaces, described by topological descriptors, made it possible to clearly differentiate the intact lactose from fluidized samples by specific corridors in coordinates di=F(t). The calculated activation energy (Ea) values of cell biosensor death process in solutions of drugs coating lactose allow to characterize the biological activity of it in the initial (by Ea increase) and activated state (by Ea decrease) after the creation of intra-laboratory transmucosal conditions. A unique dimensional spectrum of LW complexes in the nanoscale range was obtained by DLS. The differences between samples in the distribution of LW complexes in the size range from 1 µm to 125 µm was showed by LALLS.
Conclusion: The developed approach, including Сhemometrics, laser and biotesting methods can be used for qualitative the analysis tasks as well as for analytical control of the fluidization process in cases where identifiable pharmaceutical substances are not distinguishable by traditional analytical methods.
OCULAR DELIVERY OF NATAMYCIN SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLE LOADED MUCOADHESIVE GEL: FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VIVO STUDY
Authors: ABDELMONEM REHAB , EL-NABARAWI MOHAMED A. , ATTIA ALSHIMAA M. , TEAIMAA MAHMOUD 
Published: September 2020

Objective: This study aimed to develop a novel topical ocular system of natamycin (NAT) by formulating and evaluating of NAT-solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) loaded on mucoadhesive gels to improve its therapeutic activity and reduce the frequency of dosage to assist patient compliance.
Methods: SLNs were prepared using lipids and Tween 80 or Pluronic F127 as stabilizers via modified high shear homogenization and ultrasound techniques. The prepared SLNs were characterized for particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PI), and entrapment efficiency percentage (EE %). The morphological examination for chosen SLNs was done using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Carbapol 940 and Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was incorporated with selected NAT-SLNs to form mucoadhesive gels. The prepared NAT-SLN gels were evaluated for drug content, mucoadhesion force, release study, and in vitro microbiological activity. In vivo study for the chosen formulae was done to evaluate its efficacy against keratitis in rabbits.
Results: NAT-SLNs exhibited high EE % up to 99.167% and PS ranging from 128.35 to 1719.5 nm, with negatively charged ZP that confirmed the stability of SLNs. The NAT-SLN gels provided the high mucoadhesive force with a controlled release manner compared with the marketed-product MP. The in vivo experimental studies and histopathological examination showed the superiority of G2 (NAT-SLN (5% Pluronic F127 and 1:1 mixed lipid) 4% HPMC) over MP against Candida keratitis.
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, G2 provided an effective pharmaceutical system against fungal keratitis in a controlled release manner compared with MP for reducing dosage frequency.
Hybrid Power System Design for Damping Electromechanical Modes of Oscillation in Grid Connected Machines
Authors: Ul Islam Syed Sanjar , kumar Santosh 
Published: September 2020

Due to the natural intermittent nature of wind and solar PV, autonomous wind/PV systems for renewable energy typically require energy storage or other sources of production to form a hybrid system. in this paper objective of the designing of a grid dynamics controller equipped with IGBT based bridge structure for stabilizing various electrical parameters on the grid system while its renewable energy-based grid integration. And the controller has to be designed with modulation technique, for both voltage and current at particular frequency following stabilization which is both simple in implementation and operation. And the comparative analysis of techniques used has to be carried out with AI-based optimization algorithms for studying its effectiveness. The results of the THD % of voltage in the system having no controller was found to be 3.32 %. in the system having adaptive neural PSO switching of grid dynamics controller, the distortion level came down to 1.96%. The hybrid system with solar wind energy was further integrated with the grid and was analyzed for the rotor angle stability in the two machines. It was concluded that out of the three controls for grid dynamics controller the artificial intelligence-based adaptive neural PSO switching was found to be best with maximum stability of machines.
Early intervention or watchful waiting for asymptomatic severe aortic valve stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ullah Waqas , Gowda Smitha Narayana , Khan Muhammad Shayan , Sattar Yasar , Al-khadra Yasser , Rashid Muhammad , Mohamed Mohamed O. , Alkhouli Mohamad , Kapadia Samir , Bagur Rodrigo , Mamas Mamas A. , Fischman David L. , Alraies M. Chadi 
Published: September 2020

Background
The management of patients with severe but asymptomatic aortic stenosis is challenging. Evidence on early aortic valve replacement (AVR) versus symptom-driven intervention in these patients is unknown.

Methods
Electronic databases were searched, articles comparing early-AVR with conservative management for severe aortic stenosis were identified. Pooled adjusted odds ratio (OR) was computed using a random-effect model to determine all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

Results
A total of eight studies consisting of 2201 patients were identified. Early-AVR was associated with lower all-cause mortality [OR 0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13–0.45, P ≤ 0.00001] and cardiovascular mortality (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06–0.70, P = 0.01) compared with conservative management. The number needed to treat to prevent 1 all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was 4 and 9, respectively. The odds of all-cause mortality in a selected patient population undergoing surgical AVR (SAVR) (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.09–0.29, P ≤ 0.00001) and SAVR or transcatheter AVR (TAVR) (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.35–0.81, P = 0.003) were significantly lower compared with patients who are managed conservatively. A subgroup sensitivity analysis based on severe aortic stenosis (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.11–0.52, P = 0.0004) versus very severe aortic stenosis (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.08–0.51, P = 0.0008) also mirrored the findings of overall results.

Conclusion
Patients with asymptomatic aortic valve stenosis have lower odds of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality when managed with early-AVR compared with conservative management. However, because of significant heterogeneity in the classification of asymptomatic patients, large scale studies are required.