bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheumatic heart disease anno 2020: Impacts of gender and migration on epidemiology and management
Authors: Mutagaywa Reuben K. , Wind Anna‐Maria , Kamuhabwa Apolinary , Cramer Maarten J. , Chillo Pilly , Chamuleau Steven 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe epidemiology and management of diseases can be influenced by social demographic factors. Gender and migration are among these factors.MethodsWe aimed at reviewing the impacts of gender and migration on rheumatic heart disease (RHD) epidemiology and management by a nonsystematic literature review of published studies on RHD worldwide. Our PubMed search terms included RHD pathophysiology, diagnosis, complications, management or prevention, combined with words ‘rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS)’, ‘outcomes after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV)’, ‘gender or sex difference’ and ‘migration’. The reporting of this study conforms to SANRA (the Scale for Assessment of Narrative Review Articles) guidelines.ResultsWe retrieved eight studies about the impact of sex on outcomes after PBMV. All of these studies showed a female predominance for RHD. Two studies showed that there is no impact, three studies showed female sex as a predictor of poor outcomes, and the other three showed male sex a predictor of poor outcomes. Although RHD is reported to be eradicated in the developed countries, 2.1% of refugees recently screened for RHD in Italy were found to have subclinical RHD. This prevalence is similar to those found in India (2.0%), Cambodia (2.2%) and Mozambique (3%).ConclusionsThere are contradicting results for outcomes after PBMV between males and females. It is not clear whether sex difference plays a role in pathophysiology, diagnosis, management and prognosis of MS. Migration has impacts on epidemiology and management of RHD. Further studies are required in these two fields to explore their relationship to RHD.
Mandible fracture in a child with osteogenesis imperfecta on bisphosphonates. Open versus closed treatment? A case report
Authors: Urquiza‐Fornovi Irene , Redondo‐Alamillos Marta , García‐Recuero Ignacio Ismael , Romance‐García Ana Isabel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFractures in the pediatric population are less common than in adults. Facial fractures represent only 4%–5% of total trauma in infants. Osteogenesis imperfecta is a group of genetic disorders where multiple fractures can occur even in early years of life. Long‐term treatment with bisphosphonates is currently used in these children in order to increase bone strength and to alleviate symptoms. This paper reports a rare case of a traumatic fracture of the mandible in a 4‐year‐old child with osteogenesis imperfecta type I. This is an unusual complication in children, even in this group of patients. Open reduction and rigid fixation are not often described as the best treatment. As there are controversies about the subject, a literature review and discussion are presented.
Determinants for traumatic orofacial injuries in sport: Extrinsic factors in a scoping review
Authors: Fronza Helena Pickler , Stolf Sheila Cristina , Taguchi Carolina Mayumi Cavalcanti , Coto Neide Pena , Padilha Ana Clara Loch 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground/AimSports practices carry a risk for orofacial injuries and, to avoid them, preventive measures are necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate a web of extrinsic determinants for orofacial trauma in sports.Materials and MethodsThrough a scoping review, eight extrinsic risk factors for sports‐related orofacial trauma emerged from the thematic analysis. These were sports modality, sports philosophy, competition rules, level of competition, accessory equipment, environmental conditions, acting regimen, pitch conditions, and human resources. The data collection was conducted on seven databases, using terms based on health science descriptors and keywords related to orofacial trauma and sports.ResultsFrom the 1155 articles found, 157 were selected based on eligibility criteria and classified according to the mentioned factors. After the full reading of the articles, the most cited risk factor was sports modality while acting regimen and environmental factors were the least mentioned. Therefore, a scheme following the web of determinants was constructed with the purpose of establishing a risk profile, which was based on the interactions between the determinants and on the frequency that they were mentioned as contributors to injury. From this, it was observed that each traumatic event is possibly a result of the interrelationships among the eight suggested determinants.ConclusionSports modality was the most cited extrinsic determinant observed in the literature, while environmental conditions and acting regimen were the least cited. In addition, more than establishing the determinants, it is necessary to comprehend how they relate, once preventive strategies should intercede on these relations, to help reduce sports injuries.
Contribution to the study of the influence of the stress ratio on the high cycle fatigue behaviour of riveted joints
Authors: Sire Stéphane , Toasa Caiza Paul Dario , Espion Bernard , Ragueneau Muriel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOld riveted railway bridges are part of the cultural and technological heritage in many countries. The assessment of the actual behaviour and the remaining life of these structures is a key economical factor in the management of these bridges. This evaluation should take into account the evolution of the traffic loads, which have constantly increased since their construction, and a realistic estimation of the fatigue life derived from representative experimental tests.This study deals with the fatigue behaviour of riveted assemblies with specimens prepared from materials sampled in two old bridges: a railway bridge over the Adour river (France) built in 1862–1864 and the Stahringer bridge (Germany), constructed in 1895. Because all assemblies are not subjected to the same loads, this research concentrates on the influence of the stress ratio R on the fatigue behaviour. In order to quantify this influence, a comparison between the Basquin linear model and the Weibull model is performed. It is shown that a formula proposed in a recent study to determine the fatigue strength for an arbitrary value of R is not suitable in the high‐cycle fatigue regime.
Diversity of diatoms, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish varies in response to different environmental correlates in Arctic rivers across North America
Authors: Lento Jennifer , Laske Sarah M. , Lavoie Isabelle , Bogan Daniel , Brua Robert B , Campeau Stéphane , Chin Krista , Culp Joseph M. , Levenstein Brianna , Power Michael , Saulnier‐Talbot Émilie , Shaftel Rebecca , Swanson Heidi , Whitman Matthew , Zimmerman Christian E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Climate change poses a significant threat to Arctic freshwater biodiversity, but impacts depend upon the strength of organism response to climate‐related drivers. Currently, there is insufficient knowledge about Arctic freshwater biodiversity patterns to guide assessment, prediction, and management of biodiversity change.

As part of the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program's first freshwater assessment, we evaluated diversity of diatoms, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish in North American Arctic rivers. Alpha diversity was assessed in relation to temperature, water chemistry, bedrock geology, and glaciation history to identify important environmental correlates. Biotic composition was compared among groups to evaluate response to environmental gradients.

Macroinvertebrate α‐diversity declined strongly with increasing latitude from 48°N to 82°N, whereas diatom and fish diversity peaked around 70°N without a clear latitudinal decline. Macroinvertebrate diversity was significantly positively related to air temperature. Diatom diversity was related to bedrock geology and temperature, whereas fish diversity was related to glaciation history.

Fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages differed between sites in western Canada, where invertebrate composition was more variable, and Alaska, where fish composition was more variable. In sites with both diatom and macroinvertebrate data, diatom composition was distinct in Alaska, where richness was highest in former glacial refugia. Macroinvertebrate composition was distinct in lowest‐latitude eastern and high‐latitude western Canadian sites where temperature was highest.

Temperature, precipitation, geology, calcium, and substrate size were important environmental correlates for diatoms and macroinvertebrates, although the relative importance of each correlate differed. Diatom taxa were most strongly associated with water chemistry, whereas benthic invertebrate composition related most strongly to precipitation and temperature.

This large‐scale study provides the most substantial integration and analysis of river diatom, macroinvertebrate, and fish data from the North American Arctic to date. Findings suggest that macroinvertebrates will show the strongest response to climate‐related shifts in temperature, whereas diatoms and fish are more likely to respond to climate‐induced shifts in nutrients and hydraulic connectivity. However, significant gaps in data coverage limited our ability to reliably evaluate spatial patterns and detect change. These gaps could be reduced by improving collaborative efforts between the U.S.A. and Canada to harmonise future monitoring.
Assigning occurrence data to cryptic taxa improves climatic niche assessments: Biodecrypt, a new tool tested on European butterflies
Authors: Platania Leonardo , Menchetti Mattia , Dincă Vlad , Corbella Cecília , Kay‐Lavelle Isaac , Vila Roger , Wiemers Martin , Schweiger Oliver , Dapporto Leonardo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimOccurrence data are fundamental to macroecology, but accuracy is often compromised when multiple units are lumped together (e.g., in recently separated cryptic species or in citizen science records). Using amalgamated data leads to inaccuracy in species mapping, to biased beta‐diversity assessments and to potentially erroneously predicted responses to climate change. We provide a set of R functions (biodecrypt) to objectively attribute unidentified occurrences to the most probable taxon based on a subset of identified records.InnovationBiodecrypt assumes that unidentified occurrences can only be attributed at certain distances from areas of sympatry. The function draws concave hulls based on the subset of identified records; subsequently, based on hull geometry, it attributes (or not) unidientified records to a given taxon. Concavity can be imposed with an alpha value and sea or land areas can be excluded. A cross‐validation function tests attribution reliability and another function optimises the parameters (alpha, buffer, distance ratio between hulls). We applied the procedure to 16 European butterfly complexes recently separated into 33 cryptic species for which most records were amalgamated. We compared niche similarity and divergence between cryptic taxa, and re‐calculated and contributed updated climatic niche characteristics of the butterflies in Europe (CLIMBER).Main conclusionsBiodecrypt showed a cross‐validated correct attribution of known records always ≥ 98% and attributed more than 80% of unidientified records to the most likely taxon in parapatric species. The functions determined where records can be assigned even for largely sympatric species, and highlighted areas where further sampling is required. All the cryptic taxa showed significantly diverging climatic niches, reflected in different values of mean temperature and precipitation compared to the values originally provided in the CLIMBER database. The substantial fraction of cryptic taxa existing across different taxonomic groups and their divergence in climatic niches highlight the importance of using reliably assigned occurrence data in macroecology.
The Influence of Photophobia on Postural Control in Patients With Migraine
Authors: Pinheiro Carina F. , Moraes Renato , Carvalho Gabriela F. , Sestari Lais , Will‐Lemos Tenysson , Bigal Marcelo E. , Dach Fabiola , van Emmerik Richard , Bevilaqua‐Grossi Debora 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundPeople with migraine exhibit postural control impairments. These patients also have an increased light sensitivity due to the disease, and it remains during the headache‐free period. It is currently unknown if increased lighting levels can alter the balance control, especially in individuals with visual hypersensitivity, such as migraineurs. This study aimed to assess the balance and photophobia of women with migraine and non‐headache controls under different light conditions.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study consisted of 14 women with migraine (mean ± SD 30.6 ± 8.1 years old) and 14 women without any kind of headache (mean ± SD 27.2 ± 2.8 years old) screened from a tertiary headache clinical hospital and the local community. Quiet standing balance was evaluated during bipodal and unipodal support, under 3 light conditions: ambient (AMB) – 270 lx, visual discomfort threshold (VDT) – 400 lx, and intense visual discomfort (IVD) – 2000 lx. Sway area of the center of pressure was processed and compared between groups. The association of migraine with the risk of presenting a greater imbalance in the discomfort lighting conditions was verified.ResultsCompared to the non‐headache controls, the migraine group presented greater sway area in bipodal stance under the 3 light conditions (mean difference (95% CI)): AMB 0.81 cm2 (0.19 to 1.43), P = .011; VDT 3.17 cm2 (0.74 to 5.60), P = .001; IVD 5.56 cm2 (2.75 to 8.37), P < .0001. Within‐subject analysis showed increased sway area in bipodal stance among all lighting conditions for the migraine group only (mean difference (95% CI)): VDT‐AMB 2.20 cm2 (0.23 to 4.18), P = .024; IVD‐AMB 4.50 cm2 (2.38 to 6.62), P < .0001, IVD‐VDT 2.29 cm2 (0.57 to 4.01), P = .005. The Prevalence Ratio (PR) analysis showed that migraine was associated with the risk of presenting greater imbalance in both bipodal and unipodal standing conditions for both VDT (PR value (95% CI) – bipodal: PR = 4.00 (1.02 to 15.59), P = .045; unipodal: PR = 4.00 (1.43 to 11.15), P = .008), and the IVD (bipodal: PR = 3.33 (1.13 to 9.58), P = .025; unipodal: PR = 5.50 (1.48 to 20.42), P = .010) lighting conditions.ConclusionPhotophobia might be a disturbing factor that worsens the balance of patients with migraine during the quiet standing posture.
A COVID‐19 human viral challenge model. Learning from experience
Authors: Lambkin‐Williams Rob , DeVincenzo John P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe controlled human infection model and specifically the human viral challenge model are not dissimilar to standard clinical trials while adding another layer of complexity and safety considerations. The models deliberately infect volunteers, with an infectious challenge agent to determine the effect of the infection and the potential benefits of the experimental interventions. The human viral challenge model studies can shorten the time to assess the efficacy of a new vaccine or treatment by combining this with the assessment of safety. The newly emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is highly contagious, and an urgent race is on to develop a new vaccine against this virus in a timeframe never attempted before. The use of the human viral challenge model has been proposed to accelerate the development of the vaccine. In the early 2000s, the authors successfully developed a pathogenic human viral challenge model for another virus for which there was no effective treatment and established it to evaluate potential therapies and vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus. Experience gained in the development of that model can help with the development of a COVID‐19 HVCM and the authors describe it here.
Branch‐and‐cut algorithms for the ‐arborescence star problem
Authors: Pereira Armando Honorio , Mateus Geraldo Robson , Urrutia Sebastián 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGiven a connected digraph, a vertex designated as the root, and an integer , the ‐arborescence star problem is to choose vertices besides the root and define a reverse arborescence spanning them. Each vertex outside the arborescence must be assigned to one vertex inside it. The objective of the problem is to minimize arborescence and assignment costs. We propose two formulations for the problem and prove theoretical results about their strength. Moreover, we develop branch‐and‐cut algorithms based on each one of the formulations and improve an earlier branch‐and‐cut algorithm for the problem with an exact separation method. Additionally, we show that finding a feasible solution for an arbitrary instance is NP‐hard and introduce preprocessing procedures for the problem. The proposed algorithms are evaluated with a set of benchmark instances from the literature. For small and medium‐sized instances, our proposed algorithms provide the best results when compared to the existing algorithm from the literature. For large instances, the proposed algorithms are shown to be competitive with the existing approach.
Cost and performance comparison for tier‐captive and tier‐to‐tier SBS/RS warehouse configurations
Authors: Küçükyaşar Melis , Y. Ekren Banu , Lerher Tone 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper compares two shuttle‐based storage and retrieval system (SBS/RS) configurations developed on travel policy of shuttles in the systems. Specifically, we compare two system configurations of SBS/RS: SBS/RS with tier‐captive shuttles and SBS/RS with tier‐to‐tier shuttles. In a tier‐captive SBS/RS warehouse design, there is a dedicated shuttle in each tier that cannot travel between tiers. Due to a large number of shuttles in such a configuration, lifts are always bottlenecks and the utilizations of shuttles are very low. In this study, we propose an alternative SBS/RS design with tier‐to‐tier shuttles in which shuttles can travel between tiers by using a separate lifting mechanism dedicated for them. The advantage of this design would be reduction in investment cost due to the decreased number as well as higher utilizations of shuttles in the system. The two configurations were compared on the following performance metrics: initial investment costs, throughput rates per hour, and average energy consumption per transaction when there is a regeneration mechanism in the system. In a tier‐to‐tier SBS/RS design, allowing shuttles to travel between tiers increases operational complexity of the system. Thus, we simulate the two system designs and compare their performance metrics by conducting several rack design experiments based on the number of aisles, tiers, and bays. The results of this study suggest that there may be a better configuration in terms of total investment cost and throughput rate in a newly proposed tier‐to‐tier SBS/RS design that could be considered as an alternative to a tier‐captive SBS/RS design.
The Aesthetics of Imperfection Reconceived: Improvisations, Compositions, and Mistakes
Authors: HAMILTON ANDY 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTTed Gioia associated the “aesthetics of imperfection” with improvised music. In an earlier article, I extended it to all musical performance. This article reconceives my discussion, offering more precise analyses: (1) The aesthetics of imperfection is now argued to involve open, spontaneous response to contingencies of performance or production, reacting positively to idiosyncratic instruments; apparent failings in performance, and so on. Perfectionists, in contrast, prefer a planning model, not readily modified in face of contingencies. (2) Imperfection is not toleration of errors and imperfections, as Gioia assumes, but a positive aesthetic, as in Japanese wabi-sabi. Imperfections can become new styles or kinds of perfection—and so true imperfectionism is a constant striving for new contingencies to respond to. (3) A subtler, more complex relation between composition and improvisation is proposed, in which both have broad and narrow senses. Composition involves (a) works, usually desk produced and notated; or more generally, (b) putting things together in an aesthetically rewarding form. Thus, improvisation is a (broad sense) compositional method. (4) Improvisation and composition are interdependent; both involve structure and spontaneity. (5) Imperfectionism is an aesthetics of performance—of compositions as well as improvisations. Improvisation is no risker, or prone to mistakes, than performance of compositions.
HF‐free molten salt route for synthesis of highly efficient and water‐resistant K2SiF6:Mn4+ for warm white LED
Authors: Wu Qiyun , Liao Chenxing , Pan Jinquan , Ye Xinyu , You Weixiong , Xia Libin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt has been one of the hot issues to prepare the red‐emitting Mn4+‐doped fluoride phosphors with highly efficient and waterproofness for warm white‐light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) by the green and environmentally friendly method. Herein, we design a novel green molten salt route to synthesize K2SiF6:Mn4+ red powder using molten NH4HF2 salt instead of HF liquor as the reaction medium. The results show that KMnO4 and MnF2 could produce Mn4+ in NH4HF2 molten salt through a reduction reaction, and the resulting Mn4+‐doped K2SiF6 exhibited a bright red emission peaked at 632 nm under blue light excitation. The luminescence intensity of the as‐obtained product after immersing into water for 24 hours maintain nearly 100% of that before soaking and emission peak shape remains unchanged. The thermal stability of the sample was evaluated by temperature‐dependent luminescence spectral intensity during heating and cooling. Furthermore, a warm white‐light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) with an excellent color rendering index (Ra = 87.1), lower correlated color temperature (CCT = 3536K), and high luminous efficacy (116.99 lm·W−1) was fabricated based on blue chip and K2SiF6:Mn4+ and commercial yellow phosphor (Y3Al5O12:Ce3+).
Role of CARD9 in inflammatory signal pathway of peritoneal macrophages in severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Wang Jing , Tian Jun , He Yang‐huan , Yang Zhi‐wen , Wang Lin , Lai Yue‐xing , Xu Ping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrevious studies revealed that caspase recruitment domain protein 9 (CARD9) was involved in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) inflammation and that interfering with its expression in vivo could inhibit inflammation. However, the specific mechanism is unknown. This study aimed to discover the related signal pathways of CARD9 in macrophages. SiRNA interference technology was used in vivo and in vitro to detect CARD9‐related signal pathways in peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and membrane‐associated C‐type lectin‐1 (Dectin‐1) pathways in macrophages were activated specially to looking for the upstream signal path of CARD9. Results showed up‐regulation of CARD9 expression in peritoneal macrophages of SAP rats (P < .05). CARD9 siRNA alleviated inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited the phosphorylation of NF‐κB and p38MAPK in peritoneal macrophages in vivo or in vitro. Meanwhile, CARD9 siRNA reduced the concentration of CARD9 and Bcl10 in peritoneal macrophages, and TLR4 and Dectin‐1 took part in CARD9 signal pathways in macrophages. In conclusion, there is an inflammation signal pathway comprised of TLR4/Dectin‐1‐CARD9‐NF‐κB/p38MAPK activated in macrophages in SAP. Blockade of CARD9 expression in macrophages can effectively alleviate SAP inflammation.