bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Asphalt Mixtures for Sustainable Pavements
Authors: Sánchez-Alonso E , Valdés G , Calabi-Floody A , Mardones L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Currently, reusing materials in the industry to reduce the environmental impact generated is becoming important for society. The paving industry is not lagging behind, developing sustainable solutions. One of the main wastes generated on the roads is the asphalt material itself after its life cycle has been completed, called reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). However, reusing these materials and avoiding their accumulation in asphalt plants and/or sending them to landfill sites is one of the objectives of the paving industry. In this paper, a study was conducted of the use of RAP in asphalt mixtures, decreasing the manufacturing temperature of these mixtures, generating a greater environmental contribution. Three percentages of RAP were evaluated at three different manufacturing temperatures, all of them below the manufacturing temperature of a conventional asphalt mixture. Different mechanical properties, such as water sensitivity and permanent deformation, were evaluated to check their behaviour versus a conventional hot asphalt mixture. Additionally, energy consumption, manufacturing cost and the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were assessed. The results obtained show that the recycled asphalt mixtures manufactured at low temperature have an excellent performance, demonstrating that the use of RAP in asphalt mixtures at low temperatures is economically, technically and environmentally feasible.
Potentials for the Reduction of Construction Waste in the Architectural Design Stage
Authors: D’Alençon R , De Leon A , Saintard R , Huerta O , Vásquez C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this article, we propose the correspondence of Construction and Demolition Waste, CDW reduction and architectural design as a central concept to redefine the role of Architecture in the context of the Circular Economy, as applied to the construction process. To raise this question, 1) a State of the Art discussion was elaborated, a series of interviews was conducted with various relevant actors in the public and private spheres; 2) a Case Study of works carried out in relation to these principles was prepared; and 3) surveys were applied among professionals in the construction sector to assess the perception, experience and willingness to incorporate principles of waste reduction in professional practice. These activities made it possible to elucidate the potential of waste reduction strategies in the design stage, to identify the main barriers and opportunities, and to propose measures and instruments for a better implementation in practice.
Renewable Energy at Chilean Universities: Is it Possible?
Authors: Mac-Lean C , Vargas L , Reyes C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The concept of sustainable universities has gained increasing relevance and momentum in the recent decades. This has led Higher Education Institutions to incorporate the conceptualisation of sustainability in their teaching, research, campus operations and outreach realms. In such a way, that innovative projects regarding sustainable initiatives and clean technologies have arisen in many universities worldwide. In operational terms at Chilean Higher Education Institutions, it is possible to find endeavours related to renewable energy, greenhouse gas emissions, water management, energy efficiency, recycling systems, among others. In the present work, the case study of on grid solar photovoltaic projects at the University of Magallanes in Patagonia, and at the Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences of the University of Chile in Santiago are described, in their conception and operation stages respectively. Additionally, these developments are analysed in light of context-based variables, considering latitude, funding and business models, technologies, and the corresponding electric systems characteristics.
Economic and Environmental Impact of Military Electrical Vehicle Conversion and Solar Electricity Production
Authors: Simon F , Roberts C , Girard A , Ordoñez J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Military vehicles carry out defence and training functions; however, they also participate extensively in military operations apart from war, such as supporting citizens in emergency situations. Nonetheless, they continue to contribute to pollution, and carbon emissions in Chile have doubled in recent years. Thus, this study seeks a partial solution to this problem, extending the useful life of an archetypal military vehicle, i.e. AIL Storm internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV), 4.0L gasoline, through its conversion into an electric vehicle (EV) using lithium-ion batteries. AIL Storm ICE emissions are compared with an equivalent EV conversion prototype, analysing the CO2 emissions of the EV charged from the Chilean electricity grid or from a solar photovoltaic charging station, taking advantage of the high levels of solar radiation in Chile. This studied model obtains a travel cost of 0.04USD/km in the “electric grid charge mode” and 0.02USD/km in the “Solar power station charge mode”, affecting the environment with 155kgCO2 emissions per year of use. In the future, technologies to manufacture or assemble lithium batteries must be developed in the Chilean market. Given the availability of this mineral in Chile, this step would reduce costs and make electric mobility more attractive and affordable.
Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storage in Brazil: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Libório F , Firmo H T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Motivated by growing concerns about the environment and the rising price of fossil fuels in recent years, many countries have started to diversify their energy sources, opting for renewables whenever feasible. Brazil, a country with a predominance of hydroelectric generation, has also experienced a greater participation of other renewable sources, such as wind, solar and biomass. However, even though they contribute for a lower dependence on water and fossil fuels for energy generation, their intermittence lead to an increase of operational complexity and may threaten the country’s energy security. As an emerging economy with growing energy needs, the challenge now in Brazil is to identify ways to ensure efficient energy supply, compatible with demand and mindful of environmental issues. In this context, this work presents a compilation of the main studies and surveys related to Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storage (PHES), while seeking to contribute in finding ways to reduce the unpredictability of renewable sources generation. Furthermore, the aim is to increase energy security in times of drought, especially when the inter-regional, seasonal and multimodal complementarity of energy generation in Brazil fails to avoid energy deficits. The methodology used draws upon a bibliographical review of the current PHES scenarios in Brazil and in the world. Advantages and opportunities of this type of energy storage are assessed at the national level, together with a presentation of the challenges faced by the implementation of this model in Brazil. Finally, we discuss the main challenges and present some suggestions for future work on this subject.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 3 Jul 2020 to correct an author name.
Variation in the Irradiance on Facades According to Solar Access at Neighbourhood Level in Winter, Santiago. A Rationale for Public Policy in the Urban Planning
Authors: Cárdenas-Jirón L A , Miranda F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Next COP25 will be held in Santiago city in 2019 and its slogan is “Time for Action” so the urban planning has something relevant to say. Given that cities and renewable energy are explicit thematic lines in the conference the current paper focus on that. Link between cities and solar energy affects stakeholders such as the real estate agents and community so they are both concerns of the public policy. Real estate agent needs to be aware of a technical matter that affects resident lives at the neighbourhood scale. To address climate change two approaches has been declared by IPCC: mitigation and adaptation measures. The former focus on reduction of CO2 in which building sector plays a fundamental role in this task. Solar energy is a source of clean energy for heating and lighting the buildings. Therefore, it might be protected from solar obstruction coming from building surrounding. The purpose of the study is to discuss and old concept as solar access in a new context real states development giving some quantitative and qualitative assessments on facades under and none solar obstructions. Methodology consists of daily monitoring of insolation on building facades besides of modelling and simulation in Ñuñoa neighbourhood in Santiago in winter. Results reveal that a significant reduction of intensity in radiation is observed in those circumstances. Obstruction and no obstruction are the scenes analysed to compare irradiation on building facades. In addition, a qualitative analysis is made based on residents perceptions. Urbanism normative about shadows cast are also analysed to set out current limitations and possibilities to improve the legal instrument in the future. Conclusions state that a new focus is recommended for the public policy: think in surrounding energy effects rather than the building alone if mitigation measures want to be applied for sustainable urban planning.
Secondary Cities and Their Development Challenges: The Case of Central Chile Macro Region
Authors: Videla J T , Roberts B H , Allué M , Guerrero F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The performance of national and regional economies is dependent on a well-functioning system of secondary cities, but they face many development challenges and still receive proportionally lower levels of investment than primary cities. The case study of the Santiago and Central Chile Macro Region (SCCMR) provides interesting insights into a particular spatial typology of secondary cities, the metropolitan cluster, in a middle-income growing regional economy. Fresh thinking by all levels of government and stakeholders in the SCCMR is necessary to identify and formulate policies to address this macro region’s challenges and to support the development of its secondary cities. However, it is still unclear what the spatial structure and functions of this macro region are, and what type of governance arrangement is required. This short paper aims to discuss two general questions in relation to the above: i) what is the main spatial structure of SCCMR? and, ii) is the current administrative arrangement appropriate to manage that spatial structure? To answer these questions, we briefly review some recent and empirical approaches for defining spatial structures based on functional economic units (FEUs), as proposed by the OECD. We then compare that with the actual administrative areas, including also a recent official proposal for creating a metropolitan governance scheme. The FEUs approach shows that the spatial structure of the SCCMR is a combination of three metropolitan systems of cities, led by Santiago. This conclusion needs to be discussed further due to a lack of updated Travel-To-Work (TTW) flow data. Moreover, a more comprehensive system approach should be used to assess the macro region spatial integration, including employment, housing, infrastructure, social service and industry. We conclude this short paper with a critical assessment of the SCCMR governance arrangement and propose a fresh approach to address the governance of this important macro region.
Tangible Patterns and Levels of Belonging in the Neighborhood’s Public Spaces
Authors: Salvadó M , Schmitt C , Bustamante W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Santiago de Chile is a metropolitan city with high residential mobility. This mobility is related to a generalized sociopolitical and cultural centralism developed in the country, which generates an inequality between life in the capital city and other states. In the country, one of the significant challenges cities have encountered is their constant growth. This growth generates a series of country-wide issues, such as the increase of insecurity, the need for greater citizen participation, and the incentive to support the preservation of communities’ traditions.
In the last decades, citizens of Santiago de Chile have experienced a lack of belonging to their residential neighborhoods. This lack of belonging is shown by the absence of a sense of attachment to the land and the respective community. Without housing continuity, neighborhood relations, and social ties among residents face development difficulties. In this context, it is challenging to consolidate communities in neighborhoods, which is a fundamental aspect of the sustainable development of a city. Public space represents a common element for different human groups. These spaces can contribute to the satisfaction of needs, such as a sense of belonging and community consolidation. Commonly, public spaces are highly valued due to their recreational and leisure opportunities. The relationship between urban space and sociocultural aspects of its inhabitants determines the degree of belonging to the neighborhood.
The research focuses on residents’ sense of belonging in the Santiago Poniente neighborhood. The main objective is to identify and define the elements within the public space that embody a sense of belonging. Methodological surveys were used, as well as observations through drawings and the Neighborhood’s Plan Method. It has been able to determine specific tangible patterns in the place with which residents identify themselves and value as fundamental for their life in the neighborhood.
Kai: Restoration of the Native Forest for the Conservation of the Craft Tradition of the Pilwa of Lake Budi
Authors: Zuñiga P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Budi Lake territories are inhabited by Mapuche Lafkenche communities, where their artisans develop the pilwa -bag woven in Chupón fiber- as a traditional craft. The pilwa has been recognized by state organizations for its cultural and ecological value. However, its raw material, the “kai” or Chupón, is declared a vulnerable species. This condition has generated in institutions such as FIA Foundation for Agricultural Innovation, to allocate public resources for its conservation, introducing foreign concepts into the territory for the plant cultivation, which includes the inclusion of plastic in the Mapuche territories. The present paper investigates the cultural aspects of resistance to this vision, and in particular, to the elements of the Mapuche worldview attributed to the species and native forest. The study is based on interviews with Mapuche leaders, indigenous communities and families of Pilwa artisans, who in 2018 raised a project to restore the native forest, for the preservation of the Chupón species and the handcrafted tradition. This project was not funded by the Common Fund. Despite the Mapuche artisan families of the Pilwa, they have started a native forest conservation process in private estates to promote the sustainable land use and maintain the cultural relationship with nature. The findings are expected to support the future community presentation of a native forest restoration project around Lake Budi.
Towards a Sustainable Model of Higher Education in the Araucanía Region, Chile
Authors: Navarrete C , Saldías G , Carbonetti M , Fierro J M , Sandoval D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The aim of this article is to propose a critical reflection of the state of teaching sustainability in higher education in Chile. The goal is to broaden the concept of sustainability so as to understand its implication in learning civic and community values, as well as in implementing innovative teaching methodologies linked to the promotion of sustainable values connected to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. In this article, the application of a teaching methodology called Pre-Texts, from Harvard University, is explored in a sociocultural context of Chilean higher education, specifically at the Universidad de La Frontera in Chile’s 9th Region. Evidence is sought about how this methodology is relevant and effective in the teaching of two key pedagogical principles related to sustainability: the importance of community recognition and the collective work and implementation of artistic practices to promote discussion of sustainable principles based on preservation and recycling. Finally, a conclusion will be pursued around the need to implement these and similar teaching practices in higher education to promote greater awareness of the fundamental principles of Sustainable Development.
Radon Risk Reduction in Public Buildings with Regular Occupancy: A Case Study in Minho Region, Portugal
Authors: Curado A , Silva J P , Lopes S I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Radon gas is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the most relevant indoor pollutants with proven relationship with higher lung cancer risk. Hence, indoor radon exposure in badly ventilated and extensively occupied rooms increases drastically the risk of health problems. Due to the geological nature of local soil, the Northwest region of Portugal is critical concerning indoor radon exposure. The new legislation is already in force to combat the problem by adopting a remediation strategy in order to reduce the occupants’ risk in local buildings. However, a remediation strategy involves not only manual or automatic mitigation actions to reduce indoor radon concentration, but also awareness-raising campaigns developed amongst buildings occupants and local community making part of an action plan to deal with the problem. In this paper we present a new case study of 15 public buildings assessed in 2018 through short-term measurements to characterize indoor radon gas concentration, in an inner city in the Northwest region of Portugal. Radon risk was assessed to evaluate occupants’ risk exposure and to define an Action Plan concerning radon gas remediation.
Analysis of the Carbonation in Normal Concrete with the Addition of Tire Rubber Aggregate
Authors: Vilches J , Figueroa J , Chamorro L , Piña C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Tires are an industrial waste that has become a worldwide environmental problem. To minimize this effect, tire waste is used in construction as a concrete aggregate. Additionally, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere affects the carbonation of concrete. This study analyzes the effect of carbonation in concrete with tire rubber aggregate as a 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% proportional replacement for the fine aggregate. The carbonation test was conducted for 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours. The compressive strength of the concrete decreased depending on the tire rubber content in the mixes, while the concretes with tire rubber percentages greater than 30% were affected by carbonation.
The Effect on the Compressive Strength of Concrete Produced by the Incorporation of Boiler-Calcined Biomass Ash into Sand from the Maule River, Chile
Authors: Schmidt W , Vilches J , Zamora D , Bustamante M , Cofré R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The pulp industry generates large amounts of wood biomass ash (WBA) as waste, which causes economic and environmental problems. However, WBA has pozzolanic and cementing properties that can complement cement in concrete production. Many studies have been published on the replacement of cement by WBA, but few discuss the replacement of other concrete components such as sand. The objective of this research is to determine the effect of volume replacement of sand with ash on the mechanical resistance of concrete. A reference concrete was made with a specified strength of 30 MPa at 28 days. Samples with 5%, 10%, 13%, 15% and 20% WBA were compared. A water-cement ratio of 0.49 was maintained, plasticizer was added to maintain an acceptable workability, and compression tests were conducted at 7, 28 and 63 days. The results indicate that WBA decreases the workability of the fresh concrete mixture. However, the compressive strength increases in most cases, thus demonstrating the possibility of using WBA as an addition to the concrete to improve its mechanical properties, and at the same time reduce the environmental impact of this waste material.
Relation Between Urban Design and Citizens’ Perception. Case Study Biobio Riverside Park, Concepción, Chile
Authors: Delpino-Chamy M , Navarrete L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This research analyses the impact of urban design on the vitality of public space. For the above, it explores the experience of inhabitants throughout indicators. This analysis allows us to identify relations between urban design and the perception of people inhabiting the place; identifying elements that favour or diminish the vitality of urban public spaces. As a case study, the Biobio Riverside Park, in Concepción, Chile, was selected. Based on its condition of being an attractive project, well located and designed; however, absent from activities and appropriation. The article researches bibliographically about some aspects of urban design, which modify the perception of inhabitants concerning the urban environment. Subsequently, several authors are analysed to identify the main urban design criteria considered for the development of an appropriate public space. With this background a methodological tool is constructed, to evaluate the perception of the inhabitants in relation to various urban design factors. Its application is done through surveys and planimetric analysis in the field. Finally, the survey and planimetry data were analysed simultaneously, in order to recognize the main elements of urban design, conditioning the vitality of the riverside park. Among the main results, security, accessibility, and diversity of activities emerge as the most influential urban design factors in the vitality of public space. Simultaneously, a clear difference between the participants’ perception is identified, depending on the proximity of their residence to the case study. This implies that both the sense of appropriation, as well as the sense of security and the attractiveness of the urban landscape, are determining aspects of perception, to promote the vitality of public space.
Andes Mountain Strategic Plan
Authors: Valenzuela L , Folch T , Castro A , Vázquez A , Romero C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The AMSP takes into account the Metropolitan Regulatory Plan of Santiago, which includes both urban and rural areas, where most of the mountainous territory of Lo Barnechea municipality is located. It will also be a fundamental input to the forthcoming Regional Territorial Ordinance Planning. Additionally, it was drawn on the general guidelines of the National Plan for Environmental Protection. The Objects of Value are elements and components of the Andes mountain range environment that have some type of value to the community that resides in that territory. The diagnostic generated during the AMSP focuses particularly on Objects of Value that can be spatialized, in the territory studied. The AMSP is a territorial planning and management tool for the municipality, whose development involves a participatory and binding process. It seeks a vision for a sustainable development of this territory, balancing economic, social and environmental aspects. The AMSP is composed of master plans from each Andean Mountain Strategic Planning Zone (ZPEC). Development objectives and scenarios are considered, according to the identified Objects of Value and Zoned Environmental Goals, using the national, regional, communal and local development strategies as a guide. Four Environmental goals has been defined for the AMSP. Protection: Conservation of biodiversity, natural resources, ecosystems functions, protection against natural risks, and others; Restoration: Rehabilitation of damaged sites or zones; Sustainable Development: Mountain tourism, ecotourism, beekeeping, among others; and Sustainable Productive Development: The extraction of resources in the territory.