bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A short-term, hydroponic-culture of ginseng results in a significant increase in the anti-oxidative activity and bioactive components
Authors: Lee Ji Yun , Yang Hee , Lee Tae Kyung , Lee Chang Hyung , Seo Ji Won , Kim Jong-Eun , Kim Seo Yeong , Park Jung Han Yoon , Lee Ki Won 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPanax ginseng CA Meyer has a variety of biological effects, including antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Ginseng requires long-term cultivation, but this can be shortened using hydroponic systems to facilitate the commercial development of ginseng as a functional food. However, the characteristics of short-term-cultured (< 30 days) hydroponic ginseng (sHCG) are unclear. We investigated the characteristics of 21-day-cultured sHCG compared 5-year-old normally cultured ginseng. The free radical-scavenging activity and total ginsenoside and phenolic contents were significantly higher in sHCG than in normally cultured ginseng. Fifteen ginsenosides were detected in sHCG, and the concentrations of most were higher in shoots than roots. These findings suggest that 21-day-cultured sHCG, due to its enhanced antioxidant activity and higher concentrations of total phenolics and ginsenosides (including Rd and Re), has potential as a functional food.
How relieving is public debt relief? Monetary and fiscal policies in a monetary union during a debt crisis
Authors: Blueschke D. , Neck R. , Wittmann A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe use a dynamic game model of a two-country monetary union to study the consequences of sovereign debt reliefs for a member country or bloc of countries of the union after an exogenous fall in aggregate demand and the resulting increase in public debt. The debt reliefs are assumed to occur endogenously, being enacted after an increase of government debt beyond a certain threshold. We assume that the governments of the countries participating in the union pursue national goals when deciding on fiscal policies whereas the common central bank’s monetary policy aims at union-wide objective variables. The union considered is asymmetric, consisting of a “core” with lower initial public debt, and a “periphery” with higher initial public debt. The “periphery” may experience debt reliefs due to the high level of its sovereign debt. We calculate numerical solutions of the dynamic game between the governments and the central bank using the OPTGAME algorithm. We show that a debt relief as modeled in our study is disadvantageous for both the “core” and the “periphery” of the monetary union, and that after an initial haircut further debt reliefs will be required to an extent that threatens the existence of the entire union.
The Design of Improved Optical Fibre Instrumented Rockbolts
Authors: Hoehn K. , Spearing A. J. S. (Sam) , Jessu K. V. , Singh P. , Pinazzi P. C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDeveloping an improved understanding of the interaction between the immediate roof and the rockbolts is fundamental in obtaining an effective roof support system. Effective instrumentation along the full length of fully grouted rock bolts would provide the required understanding, which in turn could improve the rock related safety in the underground mines. The rock bolt sensing technology has rapidly developed in the last decade, where the instrumentation has changed from short electrical strain gauges to optical strain and shape sensing using more than 2 slots (which used to be the standard). In addition, the instrumentation has been increased from two orthogonal slots to three or four. With these recent advances of the technologies, there lies a challenge in analysing and understanding the new type of data and in effectively adopting the new technology into the underground mines. This paper deals with the challenges of instrumenting rock bolts with fibre optics and presents techniques for improving the existing technology. Furthermore, it includes a prototype design for an effective implementation of this technology to better suit the harsh underground environment.
Genetic relatedness among Ethiopian Oryza longistaminata populations and other AA genome Oryza species
Authors: Getachew Melaku , Huang Liyu , Zhang Shilai , Huang Guangfu , Zhang Jing , Kassahun Tesfaye , Teklehaimanot Haileselassie , Hu Fengyi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOryza longistaminatais the only AA-genomeOryzaspecies that is perennial via rhizome production. This undomesticated rice species, which is native to Africa, is hypothesized to be a good candidate for expanding the cultivated rice gene pool. However, its phylogenetic relationships with otherOryzamembers are still unresolved, and it is underutilized as a genetic resource in the breeding of cultivated rice (Oryza sativaL.). This study therefore genotyped 361O.longistaminata, 35 cultivated rice, 1Japonicaweedy-type, 25 AA genome and 8 CC genome wild rice accessions by using 67 SSR markers. Genotypic grouping confirmed the distinctness ofO.longistaminatafrom other rice accessions and the sub-differentiation of this population influenced by eco-geographical conditions. The higher genetic diversity within theO.longistaminatapopulation also implies its candidacy as a donor of diverse traits of interest.
Wildlife Ethics and Practice: Why We Need to Change the Way We Talk About ‘Invasive Species’
Authors: Inglis Meera Iona 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article calls for an end to the use of the term ‘invasive species’, both in the scientific and public discourse on wildlife conservation. There are two broad reasons for this: the first problem with the invasive species narrative is that this demonisation of ‘invasives’ is morally wrong, particularly because it usually results in the unjust killing of the animals in question. Following on from this, the second problem is that the narrative is also incoherent, both from scientific and philosophical perspectives. At the heart of both of these issues is the problem that the invasive species narrative oversimplifies what are in fact very complex biological processes. As a result, the policies carried out with the stated aim of ‘controlling’ these animals are often unethical. In light of the current global species decline, this article asserts that the way we think and talk about these animals should be changed and the term ‘invasive species’ should be discontinued, in the hope that this leads to changes in practice.
Mobile Phone Addiction, Phubbing, and Depression Among Men and Women: A Moderated Mediation Analysis
Authors: Ivanova Ana , Gorbaniuk Oleg , Błachnio Agata , Przepiórka Aneta , Mraka Natalia , Polishchuk Viktoria , Gorbaniuk Julia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor several years, the number of studies on the links between excessive mobile phone use and mental health has been increasing. The aim of the study was to establish if there is a relationship between mobile phone addiction and depression in university students and if phubbing is a mediator of this relationship. The authors also tested if this mediation effect was moderated by loneliness and if the model of relationships between these variables was the same in women and in men. The participants were 402 university and college students from Ukraine, aged 17 to 31; 74% of them were women. The authors used the Adapted Mobile Phone Use Habits, the Phubbing Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Loneliness Scale. The results of the study have shown that higher mobile phone addiction and higher phubbing is associated with a higher level of depressive moods, with phubbing functioning as a mediator of the relationship between mobile phone addiction and depression. A moderator of this mediation is loneliness, the moderation effect being asymmetrically dependent on gender: in men, high loneliness increases the mediating role of phubbing, which more markedly translates into depression, while in women the analyzed mediation effect becomes weaker with an increase in the sense of loneliness (phubbing correlates less strongly with depression).
Studying the accumulation velocity of altmetric data tracked by Altmetric.com
Authors: Fang Zhichao , Costas Rodrigo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the data accumulation velocity of 12 Altmetric.com data sources. DOI created date recorded by Crossref and altmetric event posted date tracked by Altmetric.com are combined to reflect the altmetric data accumulation patterns over time and to compare the data accumulation velocity of various data sources through three proposed indicators, including Velocity Index, altmetric half-life, and altmetric time delay. Results show that altmetric data sources exhibit different data accumulation velocity. Some altmetric data sources have data accumulated very fast within the first few days after publication, such as Reddit, Twitter, News, Facebook, Google+, and Blogs. On the opposite spectrum, research outputs are at relatively slow pace in accruing data on some data sources, like Policy documents, Peer review, Q&A, Wikipedia, Video, and F1000Prime. Most altmetric data sources’ velocity degree also changes by document types, subject fields, and research topics. The type Review is slower in receiving altmetric mentions than Article, while Editorial Material and Letter are typically faster. In general, most altmetric data sources show higher velocity values in the fields of Physical Sciences and Engineering and Life and Earth Sciences. Within each field, there also exist some research topics that attract social attention faster than others.
Pore Network Modeling of the Effects of Viscosity Ratio and Pressure Gradient on Steady-State Incompressible Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Gjennestad Magnus Aa. , Winkler Mathias , Hansen Alex 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe perform steady-state simulations with a dynamic pore network model, corresponding to a large span in viscosity ratios and capillary numbers. From these simulations, dimensionless steady-state time-averaged quantities such as relative permeabilities, residual saturations, mobility ratios and fractional flows are computed. These quantities are found to depend on three dimensionless variables, the wetting fluid saturation, the viscosity ratio and a dimensionless pressure gradient. Relative permeabilities and residual saturations show many of the same qualitative features observed in other experimental and modeling studies. The relative permeabilities do not approach straight lines at high capillary numbers for viscosity ratios different from 1. Our conclusion is that this is because the fluids are not in the highly miscible near-critical region. Instead they have a viscosity disparity and intermix rather than forming decoupled, similar flow channels. Ratios of average mobility to their high capillary number limit values are also considered. Roughly, these vary between 0 and 1, although values larger than 1 are also observed. For a given saturation, the mobilities are not always monotonically increasing with the pressure gradient. While increasing the pressure gradient mobilizes more fluid and activates more flow paths, when the mobilized fluid is more viscous, a reduction in average mobility may occur.
Sagittal SLIP-anchored task space control for a monopode robot traversing irregular terrain
Authors: Yu Haitao , Gao Haibo , Ding Liang , Deng Zongquan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs a well-explored template that captures the essential dynamical behaviors of legged locomotion on sagittal plane, the spring-loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) model has been extensively employed in both biomechanical study and robotics research. Aiming at fully leveraging the merits of the SLIP model to generate the adaptive trajectories of the center of mass (CoM) with maneuverability, this study presents a novel two-layered sagittal SLIP-anchored (SSA) task space control for a monopode robot to deal with terrain irregularity. This work begins with an analytical investigation of sagittal SLIP dynamics by deriving an approximate solution with satisfactory apex prediction accuracy, and a two-layered SSA task space controller is subsequently developed for the monopode robot. The higher layer employs an analytical approximate representation of the sagittal SLIP model to form a deadbeat controller, which generates an adaptive reference trajectory for the CoM. The lower layer enforces the monopode robot to reproduce a generated CoM movement by using a task space controller to transfer the reference CoM commands into joint torques of the multi-degree of freedom monopode robot. Consequently, an adaptive hopping behavior is exhibited by the robot when traversing irregular terrain. Simulation results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Development of oncolytic virotherapy: from genetic modification to combination therapy
Authors: Lan Qiaoshuai , Xia Shuai , Wang Qian , Xu Wei , Huang Haiyan , Jiang Shibo , Lu Lu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a novel form of immunotherapy using natural or genetically modified viruses to selectively replicate in and kill malignant cells. Many genetically modified oncolytic viruses (OVs) with enhanced tumor targeting, antitumor efficacy, and safety have been generated, and some of which have been assessed in clinical trials. Combining OVT with other immunotherapies can remarkably enhance the antitumor efficacy. In this work, we review the use of wild-type viruses in OVT and the strategies for OV genetic modification. We also review and discuss the combinations of OVT with other immunotherapies.
Approved LXR agonists exert unspecific effects on pancreatic β-cell function
Authors: Maczewsky Jonas , Kaiser Julia , Krippeit-Drews Peter , Drews Gisela 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNovel agonists of the nuclear liver-X-receptor (LXR) are designed to treat metabolic disorders or cancer. The rationale to develop these new drugs is based on promising results with established LXR agonist like T0901317 and GW3965. LXRα and LXRβ are expressed in β-cells, and expression is increased by T0901317. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether effects of these drugs on β-cell function are specific and reliably linked to LXR activation. T0901317 and GW3965, widely used as specific LXR agonists, show rapid, non-genomic effects on stimulus-secretion coupling of mouse pancreatic β-cells at low µM concentrations. T0901317 lowered the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, reduced or completely inhibited action potentials, and decreased insulin secretion. GW3965 exerted similar effects on insulin secretion. T0901317 affected the production of reactive oxygen species and ATP. The involvement of the classical nuclear LXRs in T0901317- and GW3965-mediated effects in β-cells could be ruled out using LXRα, LXRβ and double knockout mice. Our results strongly suggest that LXR agonists, that are considered to be specific for this receptor, interfere with mitochondrial metabolism and metabolism-independent processes in β-cells. Thus, it is indispensable to test novel LXR agonists accompanying to ongoing clinical trials for acute and chronic effects on cell function in cellular systems and/or animal models lacking classical LXRs.
REACH: Solutions for Technology-Based Prevention and Empowerment for Older People and their Caregivers
Authors: Linner Thomas , Seeliger Anja , Vogt Lydia , Schäpers Barbara , Steinböck Martina , Krewer Carmen , Bock Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractREACH stands for “Responsive Engagement of the Elderly Promoting Activity and Customized Healthcare”. Sustained physical activity matters greatly to the health and well-being of older people and significantly improves their chance of maintaining independent living. It can make a difference across the whole care continuum as well as in almost every setting. Therefore, REACH solutions focus on the systematic, target-oriented increase of physical activity of older people, and tackle the whole prevention spectrum (primary, secondary, and tertiary). It seeks to empower older people and their formal and informal caregivers, and works towards viable solutions for both the formal and in-formal care sector. Technology-based personalization of prevention, activation, and care services provided in various living and care settings is at the center of the developed solutions. Ideally toolkit approach would allow for the tailoring of solutions that create value for end-users, care providers and health care payers alike through the combination, integration and adaptation/re-design elements towards the different contexts of different countries, different payment and reimbursement structures. This Special Issue sheds light on such solutions, their conception, their development, and their testing.
Cochlear Implant Reliability: Reporting of Device Failures
Authors: O’Neill Graham , Tolley Neil S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the adequacy of the reporting of cochlear implant device failures. Data from a parallel study involving over 6300 children [1] was used to calculate the instantaneous failure rate for explantations. We found that this is comparable to what manufacturers term ‘Cumulative Failure Percentage’ (CFP). This finding raises concerns about the information provided by manufacturers on the reliability of their implants.
Hyperbolic Metrics on Surfaces with Boundary
Authors: Rupflin Melanie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe discuss an alternative approach to the uniformisation problem on surfaces with boundary by representing conformal structures on surfaces M of general type by hyperbolic metrics with boundary curves of constant positive geodesic curvature. In contrast to existing approaches to this problem, the boundary curves of our surfaces (M, g) cannot collapse as the conformal structure degenerates which is important in applications in which (M, g) serves as domain of a PDE with boundary conditions.
A break-glass protocol based on ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption to access medical records in the cloud
Authors: T. de Oliveira Marcela , Bakas Alexandros , Frimpong Eugene , Groot Adrien E. D. , Marquering Henk A. , Michalas Antonis , Olabarriaga Silvia D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn emergency care, fast and efficient treatment is vital. The availability of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) allows healthcare professionals to access a patient’s data promptly, which facilitates the decision-making process and saves time by not repeating medical procedures. Unfortunately, the complete EMR of a patient is often not available during an emergency situation to all treatment teams. Cloud services emerge as a promising solution to this problem by allowing ubiquitous access to information. However, EMR storage and sharing through clouds raise several concerns about security and privacy. To this end, we propose a protocol through which all treatment teams involved in the emergency care can securely decrypt relevant data from the patient’s EMR and add new information about the patient’s status. Furthermore, our protocol ensures that treatment teams will only access the patient’s EMR for the period during which the patient is under their care. Finally, we present a formal security analysis of our protocol and some initial experimental results.
Bradyrhizobia associated with Laburnum anagyroides, an exotic legume grown in Poland
Authors: Sajnaga Ewa , Jach Monika Elżbieta 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe isolated 18 rhizobial strains from root nodules of a leguminous shrub Laburnum anagyroides (common laburnum) grown in Southeast Poland as an exotic plant. With the use of BOX-PCR fingerprinting, the isolates were clustered into 2 main groups and one separate lineage, which was congruent with the ITS-RFLP results. The phylogenetic trees constructed based on 16S rRNA and combined atpD, dnaK, glnA, and recA gene sequence data separated the representative strains into three evolutionary lineages within the Bradyrhizobium jicamae supergroup, with Bradyrhizobium algeriense and Bradyrhizobium valentinum as the closest relatives. The nodA and nifH gene phylogenies proved that the L. anagyroides symbionts carry a symbiotic gene variant known as Clade IV, representing the symbiovar retamae. Phenotypic characteristics of the isolates and reference strains are also reported. Our study of the rhizobia nodulating L. anagyroides growing in Poland complements earlier few findings on the symbiotic associations of this Genisteae species.
Thyroid-related hormones as potential markers of hypoxia/ischemia
Authors: Tani Naoto , Ishikawa Mayumi , Watanabe Miho , Ikeda Tomoya , Ishikawa Takaki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the usefulness of the thyroid-related hormones as markers of acute systemic hypoxia/ischemia to identify deaths caused by asphyxiation due to neck compression in human autopsy cases. The following deaths from pathophysiological conditions were examined: mechanical asphyxia and acute/subacute blunt head injury; acute/subacute non-head blunt injury; sharp instrument injury as the hemorrhagic shock condition; drowning as alveolar injury; burn; and death due to cardiac dysfunction. Blood samples were collected from the left and right cardiac chambers and iliac veins, and serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroglobulin (Tg), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Two types of thyroid cell lines were used to confirm independent thyroid function under the condition of hypoxia (3% O2). The human thyroid carcinoma cell line (HOTHC) cell line derived from human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and the UD-PTC (sample of the second resection papillary thyroid carcinoma) cell line derived from human thyroid papillary adenoma, which forms Tg retention follicles, were used to examine the secretion levels of T3, T4, and Tg hormones. The results showed a strong correlation between T3 and T4 levels in all blood sampling sites, while the TSH and Tg levels were not correlated with the other markers. Serum T3 and T4 levels were higher in cases of mechanical asphyxia and acute/subacute blunt head injury, representing hypoxic and ischemic conditions of the brain as compared to those in other causes of death. In the thyroid gland cell line, T4, T3, and Tg levels were stimulated after exposure to hypoxia for 10–30 min. These findings suggest that systemic advanced hypoxia/ischemia may cause a rapid and TSH-independent release of T3 and T4 thyroid hormones in autopsy cases. These findings demonstrate that increased thyroid-related hormone (T3 and T4) levels in the pathophysiological field may indicate systemic hypoxia/ischemia.