bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uneven distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroups in the regional populations of ukrainians
Authors: Utevska O. M. , Atramentova L. A. 
Published: March 2020

Aim. The aim was to compare the frequency spectra of Y chro mosome haplogroups among Ukrainians from different regions, identify atypical populations and determine their characteristics. Methods. A sample of Ukrainians (n = 1141) from 12 regions of Ukraine was investigated. DNA samples were genotyped by the SNP markers of the Y chromosome. The frequencies of Y chromosome haplogroups for the regions were compared using the χ2 and F tests. Results. Differences between regions in the haplogroup frequency distribution were determined, atypical populations were detected, and the features of their Y-chromosome spectrum were studied. Conclusions. Lviv and Rivne samples were the closest to frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroups averaged for Ukraine. The highest specificity was found in samples from Khmelnitska (R-M198(×M458) high frequency, R-M458 low frequency), Zaporozhska (E-M78 absence) and Chernigov (R-M458 high frequency, R-M198(×M458) low frequency) regions.
Keywords: Y-chromosome, haplogroup, Ukrainians, gene pool.
ClpP regulates breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis by modulating the Src/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Luo Juan , Zeng Beilei , Tao Chunfang , Lu Mengqi , Ren Guosheng 
Published: March 2020

Background
Caseinolytic protease P (ClpP), which is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane, degrades mitochondrial proteins damaged by oxidative stress. The role of ClpP varies among tumor types. However, the expression pattern and biological functions of ClpP in breast cancer (BC) have not yet been investigated.

Methods
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Kaplan Meier-plotter database were used to analyze the expression level of ClpP in BC tissues, relationships with clinicopathological characteristics, and the influence on the prognosis of BC. Protein and mRNA expression levels of ClpP in BC cell lines and tissues were detected by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. The colony formation assay, transwell assay and flow cytometric analysis were performed to assess various functions of ClpP. Western blot analysis was also conducted to determine the mechanism of ClpP.

Results
ClpP expression was markedly increased in BC cells and tissues. High expression of ClpP was significantly correlated with the T stage, estrogen receptor (ER) expression, and poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) in TCGA and Kaplan Meier-plotter database. ClpP silencing significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted apoptosis of BC cells, which resulted in suppression of the Src/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The gain-of-function assay confirmed partial these results.
Echocardiographic Findings in HIV Positive Children on Anti-retroviral Therapy Attending Routine Outpatient Infectious Disease Clinics in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Duru Chika O. , Paul Nsirimobu I. , Tunde-Oremodu Immaculata 
Published: March 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the echocardiographic findings of stable HIV positive children on Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy (HAART) attending routine Paediatric Infectious disease clinics in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
Methods: Over a 3 month period (1st October to 31st December 2019) 71 apparently stable HIV positive children who had been on HAART for at least 3 months had a transthoracic echocardiogram done after written informed consent. A proforma containing their clinical and socioeconomic information and the echocardiographic findings was filled. Data was entered into an Excel spread sheet and analysed using SPSS 22.0.
Results: Among the 71 children studied, 34 (47.89%) were aged 6 – 10 years, 42 (59.15%) were females while 15 (26.01%) belonged to social class 3. Of the 71 participants studied, forty-four (61.97%) had abnormal echocardiographic findings on echocardiogram. Mild pulmonary regurgitation was the commonest finding and occurred in 32 (45.07%) of the patients. This was followed by Left Ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) which occurred in 9 (12.68%) patients, while Left Ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and Congenital heart defects occurred in 6 (8.45%) subjects each. There was no significant association between occurrence of echocardiographic findings and age, gender, duration of HIV disease, type of HAART and stage of disease at diagnosis and at the time of the study (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This study shows that mild pulmonary regurgitation is the commonest echocardiographic finding among stable HIV patients followed by left ventricular dysfunction. Routine baseline and intermittent echocardiography are recommended for initial evaluation and continued care for early detection and quick intervention of cardiac diseases of children with HIV disease.
Effect of Various Sources of Zinc and Iron on Grain Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Quality Parameters of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.)
Authors: Kumar E. Ajay , Surekha K. , Rekha K. Bhanu , Sharma S. Harish Kumar 
Published: March 2020

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2018 at College Farm, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU to evaluate the effect of various sources of zinc and iron on grain yield, nutrient uptake and grain quality parameters of finger millet. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 14 treatments and replicated thrice.The results revealed that application of different Zinc and iron sources at different rates significantly influenced the grain yield, nutrient (N, P and K) uptake and grain quality parameters (protein and calcium content) of finger millet. Highest grain yield (3653 kg ha-1), protein (11.25%) and calcium content (2.33%) in grain were obtained in the treatment receiving RDF + foliar application of FeSO4 @ 0.5% twice at 30 and 60 DAS which was on par with treatment receiving RDF + foliar application of Fe-humate twice at 30 and 60 DAS (3612 kg ha-1, 10.90% and 2.0%) and the lowest grain yield (1995 kg ha-1), (6.25%) and calcium content (1.10%) were recorded with application of RDF alone. The nutrient uptake (N, P, K and Fe) at all the crop growth stages was significantly higher with the treatment receiving RDF (60:40:30 kg N,P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1) + foliar application of FeSO4 @ 0.5% twice at 30 and 60 DAS which was on par with treatment receiving RDF+ foliar application of Fe-humate twice at 30 and 60 DAS. Highest iron uptake was recorded in treatment receiving RDF+foliar application of FeSO4 @ 0.5% twice at 30 and 60 DAS which was on par with T8, T14 treatments.The highest nutrient uptake of Zinc was obtained in treatment receiving RDF + Zn Humate foliar spray @ 0.25% twice at 30 and 60 days after sowing which was on par with treatment receiving RDF + Zn Humate soil application. Contrary to the grain yield, nutrient uptake, protein and calcium content there were no significant differences between treatments with respect to Zn, Fe and carbohydrate content in grain.
Physical Activity During Pregnancy and Preterm Birth Among Women With Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Gou Wanglong , Xiao Congmei , Liang Xinxiu , Miao Zelei , Shi Meiqi , Wu Yingying , Lu Sha , Wang Xuhong , Fu Yuanqing , Hu Wensheng , Zheng Ju-Sheng 
Published: December 2024

ImportancePhysical activity, as a modifiable factor, emerges as a primary intervention strategy for the prevention and management of gestational diabetes (GD). Among women with GD, the association of physical activity during pregnancy with preterm birth remains unclear.ObjectiveTo examine the association of accelerometer-derived physical activity metrics and patterns with preterm birth among women with GD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study recruited pregnant women with GD in Hangzhou, China, from August 2019 to August 2023 as part of the Westlake Precision Birth Cohort study. Statistical analysis was performed between August and November 2023.ExposuresWearable accelerometer–derived physical activity metrics and patterns. Measurements of physical activity via wearable accelerometer were performed at a median (IQR) of 25.4 (24.6-26.6) weeks’ gestation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPreterm birth was determined through the examination of delivery records. Incident preterm birth was defined as the delivery of infants before completing 37 weeks of gestation.ResultsAmong the 1427 women meeting the inclusion criteria, the mean (SD) age was 31.3 (3.8) years, and there were 80 cases of preterm birth. An increase in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and the fraction of physical activity energy expenditure derived from MVPA exhibited an inverse association with preterm birth, with an odds ratio per 30 minutes of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.42-0.98) and an odds ratio per SD of 0.69 (95% CI, 0.55-0.88). In the dose-response analysis, there was a progressive decrease in the odds of preterm birth with increasing duration of MVPA per day, reaching a plateau at approximately 74 minutes per day. Furthermore, the findings indicated that active MVPA (MVPA ≥30 minutes per day), whether it was concentrated into a few days or followed a more regular pattern, had similar beneficial association with preterm birth.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this prospective cohort study, MVPA during pregnancy exhibited an inverse association with preterm birth among women with GD. Concentrated physical activity was associated with similar benefits in reducing preterm birth risk as regular physical activity.
Understanding well‐being and safety for First Nations children and young people in the Riverland—Engaging with metic knowledge via a capability approach
Authors: Jones Michelle , Cantley Luke , Quinn Donna , Quinn Daniel , Rigney Craig , van der Arend Jenny 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAboriginal culture is both a strength and a protective factor for Aboriginal children; yet, we continue to see disparities in education, health and well‐being outcomes. To improve outcomes for Aboriginal children and families, local cultural ways of knowing, being and doing need to be incorporated into policy and practice. The strength‐based capability approach draws on the experiences, needs and values of people in context to understand the opportunities and freedoms to be and do what is culturally valued. Adopting a “capability approach,” First Nations peoples from the rural Riverland region of South Australia were involved in culturally safe yarning circles to explore aspirations for their children's well‐being and safety. In doing so, a better appreciation of the personal, social, structural and environmental factors that impinge on the achievement of well‐being and safety was possible. We highlight how a capability approach provides a valuable tool for engaging with and embracing metic knowledge in policymaking and practice. A more meaningful understanding of safety, well‐being and “the good life” in a community is critical for ensuring that policy and practice efforts can be directed in ways that create outcomes desired by Community.
An Enhanced Power Sharing Scheme With Voltage Unbalance and Distortion Compensation in an Islanded AC Microgrid Using CSF‐MPC
Authors: Kumar Uppuluri Ranjith , Chilipi Rajasekharareddy , Mulla Mahmadasraf A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an enhanced power sharing scheme (EPSS) for parallelly connected distributed generators (DGs) in an islanded microgrid (MG) using a constant switching frequency‐model predictive control (CSF‐MPC). Unlike conventional droop control, wherein only accurate real power sharing among DGs is possible, the EPSS enables accurate sharing of reactive and harmonic powers even under mismatched line impedances. Additionally, the voltage unbalance and distortion at the point of common coupling (PCC) are mitigated. The EPSS is implemented using a reference voltage that consists of (1) the fundamental droop control; (2) the virtual impedance control; (3) the unbalance compensation control; and (4) the harmonic compensation control. The performance of the EPSS is tested on a MG consisting of two DGs of both similar and dissimilar capacities under a step changes in loads. The EPSS is implemented using CSF‐MPC, which offers superior performance compared with conventional proportional plus integral and proportional resonant controllers. The simulation and hardware‐in‐loop results confirm the effectiveness of the EPSS in addressing power sharing issues and mitigating both distortion and unbalance of PCC voltage.
A 0.41‐μ$$ \boldsymbol{\upmu} $$W Self‐Biased Temperature and Offset‐Compensated Fully Differential Instrumentation Amplifier With 47 mdB/°C Thermal Sensitivity and 425 pVolt/°C Offset Drift
Authors: Mukherjee Koyel , Kumar Pal Rajat , Pandit Soumya 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA low‐power self‐biased single operational transconductance amplifier (OTA)‐based temperature and offset compensated fully differential instrumentation amplifier (FDIA) is proposed in this article. The design of the FDIA circuit, mainly for low‐frequency applications like wearable bio‐medical instruments, is carried out in SCL 0.18‐m standard CMOS technology. The circuit operates under 0.6V supply voltage. The 43.8dB differential gain of the FDIA demonstrates a maximum variation of 47 mdB/°C for temperature ranging between °C and +48°C with signal‐bandwidth ranging from 0.5 to 1.02 kHz. It also shows a moderately high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of 100 dB. A simple offset‐compensation arrangement lowers the offset voltage to only 13 nV which drifts maximum by 425 pV/°C. Operation under sub‐1 V supply voltage, nano‐ampere bias currents, and weak inversion mode of operations of the transistors has effectively restricted the power consumption of the proposed FDIA circuit to less than 500 nW. An optimized layout design of the proposed circuit results in a total silicon area of 0.014 mm.
A two‐stage model for precise identification and Gleason grading of clinically significant prostate cancer: a hybrid approach
Authors: Zou Yuyan , Wang Xuechun , Ma Fen , Liu Xulun , Jiao Chunyue , Kang Zhen , Cui Jingjing , Zhang Yang , Xie Yan , Chen Lei , Tian Ronghua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionAccurate identification and grading of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa, Gleason Score ≥ 7) without invasive procedures remains a significant clinical challenge. This study aims to develop and evaluate a two‐stage model designed for precise Gleason grading. The model initially uses radiomics‐based multiparametric MRI to identify csPCa and then refines the Gleason grading by integrating clinical indicators and radiomics features.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 399 patients with PI‐RADS ≥ 3 lesions, categorising them into non‐significant prostate cancer (nsPCa, 263 cases) and csPCa (136 cases, subdivided by GGs). Regions of interest (ROIs) for the prostate and lesions were manually delineated on T2‐weighted and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images, followed by the extraction of radiomics features. A two‐stage model was developed: the first stage identifies csPCa using radiomics‐based MRI, and the second integrates clinical indicators for Gleason grading. Model efficacy was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and area under the curve (AUC), with external validation on 100 patients.ResultsThe first‐stage model demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy for csPCa, achieving AUCs of 0.989, 0.982 and 0.976 in the training, testing and external validation cohorts, respectively. The second‐stage model exhibited commendable Gleason grading capabilities, with AUCs of 0.82, 0.844 and 0.83 across the same cohorts. Decision curve analysis supported the clinical applicability of both models.ConclusionsThis study validated the potential of T2W and ADC image radiomics features as biomarkers in distinguishing csPCa. Combining these features with clinical indicators for csPCa Gleason grading provides superior predictive performance and significant clinical benefit.
Loss Aversion, Moral Hazard, and Stochastic Contracts
Authors: Ho Hoa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTI examine whether stochastic contracts benefit the principal under moral hazard and loss aversion. Incorporating the agent's expectation‐based loss aversion and allowing for stochastic contracts, I find that stochastic contracts reduce the principal's cost as compared with deterministic contracts. The optimal stochastic contract pays a high wage not only when good signals are realized but also with a positive probability after the realization of bad signals. The findings have an important implication for designing contracts for loss‐averse agents: the principal should insure the agent against wage uncertainty by employing stochastic contracts that increase the probability of a high wage.
Self‐organization of active plume lattice in bacterial bioconvection
Authors: Liu Siyu , Hou Qihui , Kearns Daniel B. , Wu Yilin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSelf‐organized pattern formation is common in biological systems. Microbial populations can generate spatiotemporal patterns through various mechanisms, such as chemotaxis, quorum sensing, and mechanical interactions. When their motile behavior is coupled to a gravitational potential field, swimming microorganisms display a phenomenon known as bioconvection, which is characterized by the pattern formation of active cellular plumes that enhance material mixing in the fluid. While bioconvection patterns have been characterized in various organisms, including eukaryotic and bacterial microswimmers, the dynamics of bioconvection pattern formation in bacteria is less explored. Here, we study this phenomenon using suspensions of a chemotactic bacterium Bacillus subtilis confined in closed three‐dimensional (3D) fluid chambers. We discovered an active plume lattice pattern that displays hexagonal order and emerges via a self‐organization process. By flow field measurement, we revealed a toroidal flow structure associated with individual plumes. We also uncovered a power‐law scaling relation between the lattice pattern’s wavelength and the dimensionless Rayleigh number that characterizes the ratio of buoyancy‐driven convection to diffusion. Taken together, this study highlights that coupling between chemotaxis and external potential fields can promote the self‐assembly of regular spatial structures in bacterial populations. The findings are also relevant to material transport in surface water environments populated by swimming microorganisms.
You “R/R” What You Eat: Effects of High‐Fiber, Low‐Starch Diet Change on Regurgitation and Reingestion and Coprophagy in Zoo‐Housed Gorillas
Authors: Barrett Lisa P. , D'Agostino Jennifer , Guillory Heather , Leser Kimberly , Bottaro Laura , Snyder Rebecca J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRegurgitation and reingestion (R/R) and coprophagy are common behaviors exhibited by primates living in human care. To reduce this undesirable behavior in two troops of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), the diet was modified by increasing fiber (by increasing browse) and decreasing starch (by reducing but not eliminating biscuits). We monitored behavior before, 3 weeks after, and 1 year after the diet change. One year after the diet change, the family group's diet was modified by adding more fruit to facilitate training. We documented significantly increased feeding activity for both troops, with time spent feeding doubling for one troop. Some individuals initially increased R/R or coprophagy behaviors but these increases were not significant, and 1 year after the diet change R/R was significantly reduced in the silverback male who had been known to exhibit R/R up to multiple times per day. In the family troop, coprophagy later decreased when animals were reunited and spent more time outdoors (for reasons unrelated to the diet change study), but this was not significant. This is the first published study to assess the behavioral effects of a high‐fiber, low‐starch diet on gorillas one full year after the diet change was made, and we demonstrated that the diet continued to positively impact some individuals' behavior. We discuss implications of our findings and suggest future directions for institutions that seek to reduce these behaviors in primates without necessarily completely eliminating biscuits from their diets.
Trends and Disparities in Non-fatal Firearm Injuries among Working-Age Adults in the United States, 2000–2021
Authors: Bhagavathula Akshaya , Price James H. , Khubchandani Jagdish 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFirearm-related injuries remain a significant public health issue in the United States, with patterns and trends among various age groups not well characterized. This study analyzed time series trends and disparities in firearm injury rates among U.S. working-age adults from 2000 to 2021. A retrospective analysis using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Firearm Injury Surveillance Study (NEISS-FISS) was conducted with a focus on non-fatal firearm injuries reported in emergency departments across a nationally representative sample of hospitals. Descriptive statistics were used to explore disparities across different demographic groups. Trends were assessed using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) and Joinpoint regression analysis. Between 2000 and 2021, an estimated 2.36 million non-fatal firearm injuries occurred, with males accounting for 85.7% and non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) representing 48.8% of injuries. Firearm injuries were commonly associated with crime (29.8%), physical fights (24.7%), alcohol/substance use (17.7%), and verbal arguments (17.2%). Most incidents occurred on weekdays (63.7%) and assaults were the most prevalent intent (68.5%), followed by unintentional injuries (21.9%). Handguns (25.1%) and unspecified firearm types (61.2%) were the most commonly involved weapons. From 2000 to 2021, significant increases in firearm injuries were observed among those aged 26–45 years (23.0%), women (21.97%), NHB (42.15%), and those involving assaults (231.9%). Age-specific trends showed a significant annual percentage change (APC) increase of 4.9% for 18–25 years, 12.4% for 26–45 years, and 7.0% for 46–64 years from 2013 to 2021. Racial/ethnic trends revealed a significant APC increase of 5.0% for Non-Hispanic Whites (2014–2021), 25.0% for NHB (2015–2021), and a decrease of -31.3% followed by an increase of 15.6% for Hispanics (2012–2021). The disproportionate burden of firearm injuries among different age and racial/ethnic groups highlights the need for targeted prevention strategies and ongoing monitoring of injuries.
Frames and arguments on the admission of refugees: an empirically grounded typology
Authors: Drewski Daniel , Gerhards Jürgen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSystematic cross-national analyses of political debates on the admission of refugees and asylum seekers require a theoretically coherent and empirically comprehensive typology of frames and arguments used. The paper proposes such a typology of frames and arguments used by governments, opposition parties and social movements in public debates on the admission of refugees. We argue that the collective identity and characteristics of the receiving country on the one hand and refugees’ characteristics on the other constitute the key dimensions to which frames in political discourse about the admission of refugees refer. We distinguish between six different frames – economic, cultural, moral, legal, security-related and international – of how the “we” and the “others” can be interpreted. Furthermore, we specify typical arguments associated with the respective frames for or against the admission of refugees. Given that the typology was developed based on a discourse analysis of a very diverse set of countries, including some of the so-called “Global South”, we claim that it can be used to analyze political debates on the admission of refugees in other countries as well and can thus contribute to an accumulation of knowledge.