bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular natural history of breast cancer: Leveraging transcriptomics to predict breast cancer progression and aggressiveness
Authors: Cook Daniel J. , Kallus Jonatan , Jörnsten Rebecka , Nielsen Jens 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundCharacterizing breast cancer progression and aggressiveness relies on categorical descriptions of tumor stage and grade. Interpreting these categorical descriptions is challenging because stage convolutes the size and spread of the tumor and no consensus exists to define high/low grade tumors.MethodsWe address this challenge of heterogeneity in patient‐specific cancer samples by adapting and applying several tools originally created for understanding heterogeneity and phenotype development in single cells (specifically, single‐cell topological data analysis and Wanderlust) to create a continuous metric describing breast cancer progression using bulk RNA‐seq samples from individual patient tumors. We also created a linear regression‐based method to predict tumor aggressiveness in vivo from bulk RNA‐seq data.ResultsWe found that breast cancer proceeds along three convergent phenotype trajectories: luminal, HER2‐enriched, and basal‐like. Furthermore, 31 296 genes (for luminal cancers), 17 827 genes (for HER2‐enriched), and 18 505 genes (for basal‐like) are dynamically differentially expressed during breast cancer progression. Across progression trajectories, our results show that expression of genes related to ADP‐ribosylation decreased as tumors progressed (while PARP1 and PARP2 increased or remained stable), suggesting the potential for a differential response to PARP inhibitors based on cancer progression. Additionally, we developed a 132‐gene expression regression equation to predict mitotic index and a 23‐gene expression regression equation to predict growth rate from a single breast cancer biopsy.ConclusionOur results suggest that breast cancer dynamically changes during disease progression, and growth rate of the cancer cells is associated with distinct transcriptional profiles.
Uncommon anomalies of the left pulmonary artery during VATS lobectomy for lung cancer
Authors: Amore Dario , Caterino Umberto , Casazza Dino , Imitazione Pasquale , Saglia Alessandro , Valentino Maria Rosaria , Izzo Alessandro , Curcio Carlo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe key to avoid intraoperative complications due to failure in the preoperative detection of pulmonary vascular anomalies is to perform a careful hilar dissection.
Pediatric bilateral ureteral stone successfully removed using single‐use flexible ureteroscopy with a holmium: YAG laser
Authors: Kawahara Takashi , Kobayashi Kota , Hanai Takahiro , Kuroda Shinnosuke , Teranishi Jun‐ichi , Uemura Hiroji 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA 12‐year‐old boy received steroid for his minimal change nephrotic syndrome for 10 years, and bilateral renal and ureteral stones and hydronephrosis were observed. Single‐use flexible ureteroscopy is usable for pediatric lithotripsy with Ho: YAG laser.
Self‐Assembly of Tetraphenylethylene‐Based Amphiphiles in Aqueous Methanol Solution into Two‐Dimensional Chiral Sheets for Enantioselective Sorption
Authors: Wang Yanqiu , Lee Myongsoo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMost synthetic building blocks self‐assemble into one‐ or three‐dimensional architectures. However, fewer examples have been reported on the aggregation of amphiphiles to form optically‐active two‐dimensional (2D) structures. Herein, we report the self‐assembly of tetraphenylethylene (TPE)‐containing hydrophilic dendrons into 2D sheet structures in aqueous methanol solution. TEM and AFM investigations showed that the self‐assembly of disubstituted TPE generates helical nanofibers as an intermediate structure which, in turn, laterally associate into a chiral sheet structure with a thickness of 4.6 nm, whereas tetrasubstituted TPE self‐assembles into a nonchiral sheet structure with a thickness of 3.8 nm. In great contrast to the nonchiral sheets, the chiral sheets are able to preferentially absorb the d‐enantiomer in a racemic phenylalanine derivative solution accompanied by fluorescence enhancement, thus indicating that the single‐layered chiral sheets act as an enantioselective membrane that can be used for fluorescence sensing.
Interference‐aware clustering approach improving QoS for linear WSNs using a token‐based MAC protocol
Authors: Ndoye El Hadji Malick , Diallo Ousmane , Hakem Nadir , Jacquet Frédérique , Misson Michel , Rodrigues Joel J. P. C. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryWireless sensor networks (WSNs) have received a lot of attention from both academia and industry due to the increasing need for ubiquitous computing for monitoring applications, the continuous advances in miniaturization of electronic devices, and the ultra‐low‐power wireless technologies. These innovations in technology have driven the curiosity to use sensor networks in a new kind of applications such as road track or railway monitoring, border monitoring, oil and gas, or even water pipeline monitoring. Due to the underlying linear topology of these applications, a new type of network, called a linear sensor network (LSN), has emerged. Because of the specific characteristics of this application and the resource constraints of sensors, some of the major challenges faced in LSNs are to reduce end‐to‐end delays, to maximize the packet delivery ratio to a sink, and an even distribution of the load between nodes. To achieve these objectives, it is necessary to control node‐to‐node packet traffic conditions and to manage radio interference created by simultaneously active nodes. This paper addresses these challenges and proposes a new method of clustering LSNs that reduces or controls radio interference risks in order to satisfy these objectives, application needs, and the resource limitations of sensor nodes in the best possible way. This method is applied for LSNs using a token‐passing mechanism to access the medium. The performance evaluation is conducted by using a realistic propagation model in the analytical evaluation and also a NS‐2 simulation process.
The effectiveness of insulin glargine 300 U/mL among type 2 diabetes patients: Analysis of a real‐world data in Israel
Authors: Melzer Cohen Cheli , Banon Tamar , Shalev Varda , Chodick Gabriel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsRandomized controlled trials have shown that insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla‐300) has a more stable and prolonged glucose lowering effect among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared to insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla‐100), resulting in a reduced risk of hypoglycaemia while maintaining a similar efficacy of lowering HbA1c. We aimed to investigate if the effectiveness of Gla‐300 is reproducible in real‐world settings.Material and methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, data from a large state‐mandated health organization were used to identify adult T2DM patients who were previously on insulin and initiated Gla‐300 therapy between 6/ 2016 and 12/2017. Changes in HbA1c levels, body weight and insulin dose were calculated from baseline period and over a follow‐up period of 180 days. Documented hypoglycaemia events were also explored.ResultsA total of 1797 patients were included in this study with a mean age of 64.2 (SD = ±11.0y), baseline HbA1c was 8.7 ± 1.6% and 42.5% were females. Among all patients with HbA1c measurement during follow‐up (n = 1508), HbA1c was significantly reduced by −0.6% (95% CI −0.6,−0.5; P < .001) from baseline, with a significant reduction in body weight (−0.4 kg; P = <.001).Additionally, a significant (P = .04) reduction of 40.5% in patients with hypoglycaemia events was recorded during follow‐up period, from 2.1% (n = 37) at the baseline period to 1.2% (n = 22).ConclusionsThis real‐world study supports evidence from RCTs regarding the effectiveness of Gla‐300 among T2DM patients by improving glycaemic control.
Burning biases: Mitigating cognitive biases in fire engineering
Authors: Kinsey Michael J. , Kinateder Max , Gwynne Steven M. V. , Hopkin Danny 
Published: March 2020

SummaryFire engineering has developed into a mainstream engineering discipline within the building design process. Building fire codes are increasingly complex, comprising thousands of requirements regarding a wide range of topics that must be considered. Fire engineers are required to possess increasingly complex knowledge about a variety of subjects, along with expertise in their application. This has been magnified with the proliferation of performance‐based methods using a range of computational tools. This coupled with increased project performance pressures, raises the potential for errors in judgment. Errors in judgment may be caused by limitations in a given resource (e.g. time, information available, knowledge, etc) and/or neglect/over‐focus on specific information (at the expense of other and more relevant information) through cognitive biases. This paper initially provides a broad overview of general decision‐making, including the use of heuristics and cognitive biases. Examples of cognitive biases are presented which may be linked to errors in fire engineer decision‐making. This study considers several fire engineering decision contexts where cognitive biases may exist which are associated with fire code application, modeling/calculations, probabilistic risk assessments, general fire engineering practice, and perceptions based on experience. Potential measures to mitigate some of these biases and prompt better decision‐making are discussed. Those that may benefit from awareness of such biases and mitigation measures include not only practicing fire engineers, but also building developers, fire code committees, evacuation/fire/structural fire modeling developers, approving authorities, and fire engineering researchers/students.
Research of inorganic fire‐extinguishing materials on preventing and controlling gas and coal spontaneous combustion in the narrow coal pillar and adjacent goaf
Authors: Zheng Wancheng , Yang Shengqiang , Li Weizhu , Wang Jiao 
Published: March 2020

SummaryTo reduce the pressure on underlying coal seam and maximize the mining efficiency of coal resource, narrow coal pillar mining technology is often used. However, for coal mines with high gas and spontaneous combustion, this technology can cause gas and coal spontaneous combustion composite disaster easily. In this paper, we adopted a new type of inorganic fire‐extinguishing material (IFEM) to prevent and control gas and coal spontaneous combustion composite disaster. The result shows that the destruction of narrow pillar caused by stress extrusion and mining disturbance is the internal cause of gas and coal spontaneous combustion composite disaster. IFEM can go deep into the cracks of coal mass to seal up the cracks and reduce gas exchange between roadway and adjacent goaf. Meanwhile, it is full of moisture in the interior, which can reduce the temperature of coal mass through evaporation and heat absorption. The IFEM has the characteristics of high water retention, strong fluidity, and strong flame retardant, which can inhibit the generation of free radicals in coal mass at both physical and chemical levels, prevent the spontaneous combustion of coal mass, and reduce the occurrence of composite disasters of gas and coal spontaneous combustion.Highlights
The crack inside the narrow coal pillar develops, and the gas permeability is good.
The combined disaster in the narrow coal pillar working face is serious.
IFEM can seal cracks and increase the strength of narrow coal pillars.
IFEM can inhibit the generation of free radicals in coal and prevent coal from contact with oxygen.
Sensitivity analysis of the precooling process of strawberry: Effect of package designing parameters and the moisture loss
Authors: Nalbandi Habibeh , Seiiedlou Sadegh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStrawberry is one of the most perishable fruits, and precooling of strawberry increases the percentage of marketable fruits. To assess the sensitivity of strawberry cooling uniformity with respect to package vents and tray design, the previously proposed modified parallel airflow system (MPAS) was modified and a sensitivity analysis was conducted in this paper. Some improvements in homogeneous strawberry precooling process were made to give improved parallel airflow system (IPAS). To evaluate its performance, the cooling process of strawberries was simulated using the mathematical models of heat, momentum, and mass transfer, which were validated experimentally. Results showed that the IPAS was able to distribute cold air uniformly throughout the packages. A difference of 0.1°C was observed between the average fruit temperatures of the packages after 3 hr of cooling. Therefore, the cooling process of strawberry could be done at lower airflow rate, cooling time, and heterogeneity. In addition, the precooling process of strawberry was studied considering the moisture loss during the cooling process and comparing the data with the models without this term. The results indicated that the moisture loss of strawberries during the cooling process is not negligible and the cooling rate increased and the cooling time decreased (31%) by considering this term in the modeling. However, the moisture loss did not affect the heterogeneity of cooling process.
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles attenuate lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory responses through modulation of toll‐like receptor 4 expression
Authors: Chen Yajing , Zeng Zhisen , Ying Haoran , Wu Chuang , Chen Shuzhen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSuperparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are extensively applied in biomedical fields, such as magnetic resonance imaging and as nanocarriers. However, the biosafety of SPIONs is not completely established, especially their effect on the immune system and inflammatory responses. Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling is essential for many acute and chronic human inflammatory diseases. Regulation of TLR responses with drugs is helpful for these inflammatory conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of 10 and 30 nm SPIONs on macrophages in the presence or absence of the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that SPIONs inhibited the release of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS both in murine and human macrophages in a concentration‐dependent manner. Meanwhile, SPIONs suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase expression activated by SPIONs in RAW264.7 macrophages. Additionally, TLR4 mRNA transcription and expression were attenuated with SPIONs treatment, which positively correlated with the release of inflammatory cytokines. In summary, our study demonstrates that SPIONs can suppress inflammatory responses, and the underlying mechanism may be regulated by TLR4 expression. Our present work contributes to clarifying the biosafety of SPIONs and provides a potential approach to alleviate human inflammatory diseases.
Targeting in Practice: A Review of Existing Mechanisms for Beneficiary Selection in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Stoeffler Quentin , Fontshi Francis , Lungela Aimé 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article presents a field‐based review of existing mechanisms in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) for targeting poor households as beneficiaries of social programs. We surveyed 69 programs from diverse organizations in five regions of the DRC. Our approach is in contrast with the existing targeting literature that focuses on single public programs or cross‐country evidence. We find that targeting is diverse, mostly ad hoc, and relies heavily on categorical targeting or limited community‐based selection, with the exception of humanitarian organizations in the eastern regions. We suggest a way forward for implementing a national targeting strategy in the DRC. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of climate change on low‐level jet characteristics over the South‐Central Plains as simulated by CMIP5 models
Authors: Wimhurst Joshua J. , Greene J. Scott 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have projected the Central Plains low‐level jet (LLJ) to form more frequently over the South‐Central Plains region in the future, with limited projected changes in its speed and height. This work's objective was to assess future LLJ characteristics with wind speed outputs obtained from the Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) suite of models. Improvements in model resolution and simulation of climate dynamics relevant to LLJs were made in CMIP5, and a multi‐model study that focuses specifically on the LLJ's future state using these models is yet to be done. Occurrences of LLJs were identified by applying an LLJ definition based on wind shear to six‐hourly vertical wind profiles derived from the model outputs. Changes in future LLJ speed, frequency, and height versus a historical control were subsequently calculated on seasonal and diurnal temporal scales. As seen in previous work, the largest expected changes in LLJ characteristics are those of its frequency, especially in summer, autumn, and at night. Evidence was also found for large increases in frequency in the northern half of the study region, consistent with previous expectations. CMIP5 models with finer horizontal and vertical resolutions tended to project greater increases in LLJ frequency than those with coarse resolutions. Projected changes in LLJ speed and height were by contrast largely insignificant, also consistent with previous findings. However, these characteristics, along with frequency, exhibited notable diurnal variability in historical and future simulations, especially in winter. An increase in cold‐season LLJ variability could have implications for the consistency of synoptically driven LLJs. This finding, along with the projected warm‐season poleward shift in the LLJ's frequency maximum over the study region, elucidates the LLJ's future state as projected by a selection of CMIP5 models, and the consequences for processes that depend upon the LLJ's consistency.
Impact of plant species and atmospheric CO2 concentration on rhizodeposition and soil microbial activity and community composition
Authors: Jílková Veronika , Sim Allan , Thornton Barry , Jandová Kateřina , Cajthaml Tomáš , Paterson Eric 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBoth plant species and CO2 concentration can potentially affect rhizodeposition and consequently soil microbial activity and community composition. However, the effect differs based on plant developmental stage. We focused on the effect of three plant species (forbs, grasses, and N2‐fixers) at an early stage of development on root C deposition and fate, soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization and soil microbial community composition at ambient (aCO2) and elevated (eCO2) CO2 levels. Plants were grown from seed, under continuous 13C‐labelling atmospheres (400 and 800 µmol mol−1 CO2), in grassland soil for three weeks. At the end of the growth period, soil respiration, dissolved organic C (DOC) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles were quantified and isotopically partitioned into root‐ and soil‐derived components.Root‐derived DOC (0.53 ± 0.34 and 0.26 ± 0.29 µg mL soil solution−1) and soil‐derived CO2 (6.14 ± 0.55 and 5.04 ± 0.44 µg CO2‐C h−1) were on average two times and 22% higher at eCO2 than at aCO2, respectively. Plant species differed in exudate production at aCO2 (0.11 ± 0.11, 0.10 ± 0.18, and 0.58 ± 0.58 µg mL soil solution−1 for Plantago, Festuca, and Lotus, respectively) but not at eCO2 (0.20 ± 0.28, 0.66 ± 0.32, and 0.75 ± 0.15 µg mL soil solution−1 for Plantago, Festuca, and Lotus, respectively). However, no differences among plant species or CO2 levels were apparent when DOC was expressed per gram of roots. Relative abundance of PLFAs did not differ between the two CO2 levels. A higher abundance of actinobacteria and G‐positive bacteria occurred in unplanted (8.07 ± 0.48 and 24.36 ± 1.18 mol%) and Festuca‐affected (7.63 ± 0.31 and 23.62 ± 0.69 mol%) soil than in Plantago‐ (7.04 ± 0.36 and 23.41 ± 1.13 mol%) and Lotus‐affected (7.24 ± 0.17 and 23.13 ± 0.52 mol%) soil. In conclusion, the differences in root exudate production and soil respiration are mainly caused by differences in root biomass at an early stage of development. However, plant species evidently produce root exudates of varying quality affecting associated microbial community composition.
Temperature dependence of Raman scattering in GeSn films
Authors: Liu Tao , Miao Yuanhao , Wang Liming , Zhu Guangjian , Hu Huiyong , Zhong Zhenyang , Yang Xinju , Jiang Zuimin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTemperature dependence of Raman scattering from Ge0.95Sn0.05 and Ge0.92Sn0.08 films, grown on Ge (001) substrates by low temperature molecular beam epitaxy, was studied over the temperature range of 90 to 850 K. Nonlinear temperature dependencies in the Raman shift of Ge‐Ge and Ge‐Sn modes have been observed. Although they could be well described by an empirical formula, much different values were found in first‐order temperature coefficient of the Raman shift for the Ge‐Ge mode in bulk Ge, the Ge0.95Sn0.05, and Ge0.92Sn0.08 films, being 1.7, 2.4, and 2.7 × 10−2 cm−1/K, respectively. Two factors, phonon–phonon coupling and thermal expansion, contribute to the temperature dependence of Raman shift. Detailed analysis shows that the thermal expansion contribution increases slightly with the Sn content, whereas the phonon–phonon coupling contribution increases markedly with the Sn content. In other words, the anharmonic decay process is much enhanced by the alloy perturbation in GeSn alloys. In addition, an abrupt change was observed at temperature of 650 K in Raman shift and linewidth of Ge‐Ge mode for the Ge0.92Sn0.08 film, which is caused by Sn segregation, concomitant lattice relaxation, and crystallization as well.
Kein Hokuspokus – Inhaltsstoffe der Zauberpilze
Authors: Hoffmeister Dirk 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSie sind geniale Chemiker: Pilze duften oder stinken, ein scharfer Geschmack weist oft auf ihre Ungenießbarkeit hin. Pilze der Gattung Psilocybe beeinflussen Wahrnehmung sowie Bewusstsein des Menschen, und sie haben noch eine Besonderheit: Wird der Fruchtkörper verletzt, färbt er sich blau. Über den dafür verantwortlichen Farbstoff und was daraus werden kann.
Trendbericht Analytische Chemie
Authors: Alfeld Matthias , Eckhardt Hanns‐Simon , Kraft Jörg , Maiwald Michael , Meermann Björn , Merz Klaus , Pacholski Claudia , Prikler Simon , Richert Joachim , Steiner Gerald , von Tümpling Wolf 
Published: March 2020

AbstractZusätzlich zu Methodenentwicklung, Miniaturisierung und Kopplungsverfahren zeigen sich die Hyperspektroskopie zusammen mit Imaging‐Verfahren, der Einzelmolekülnachweis und der Einsatz von 3‐D‐Druckern als neue Schwerpunkte. Hinzu kommen künstliche Intelligenz bei Sensoren, Bildgebungsverfahren und Prozesssteuerung sowie die Vernetzung von Analyse‐ und Laborgeräten. Trends und Forschungsthemen aus der analytischen Chemie, zusammengestellt von elf Autoren, koordiniert von Günter Gauglitz.