bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring influencing factors on transit ridership from a local perspective
Authors: He Yuxin , Zhao Yang , Tsui Kwok Leung 
Published: December 2019

PurposeExploring the influencing factors on urban rail transit (URT) ridership is vital for travel demand estimation and urban resources planning. Among various existing ridership modeling methods, direct demand model with ordinary least square (OLS) multiple regression as a representative has considerable advantages over the traditional four-step model. Nevertheless, OLS multiple regression neglects spatial instability and spatial heterogeneity from the magnitude of the coefficients across the urban area. This paper aims to focus on modeling and analyzing the factors influencing metro ridership at the station level.Design/methodology/approachThis paper constructs two novel direct demand models based on geographically weighted regression (GWR) for modeling influencing factors on metro ridership from a local perspective. One is GWR with globally implemented LASSO for feature selection, and the other one is geographically weighted LASSO (GWL) model, which is GWR with locally implemented LASSO for feature selection.FindingsThe results of real-world case study of Shenzhen Metro show that the two local models presented perform better than the traditional global model (OLS) in terms of estimation error of ridership and goodness-of-fit. Additionally, the GWL model results in a better fit than GWR with global LASSO model, indicating that the locally implemented LASSO is more effective for the accurate estimation of Shenzhen metro ridership than global LASSO does. Moreover, the information provided by both two local models regarding the spatial varied elasticities demonstrates the strong spatial interpretability of models and potentials in transport planning.Originality/valueThe main contributions are threefold: the approach is based on spatial models considering spatial autocorrelation of variables, which outperform the traditional global regression model – OLS – in terms of model fitting and spatial explanatory power. GWR with global feature selection using LASSO and GWL is compared through a real-world case study on Shenzhen Metro, that is, the difference between global feature selection and local feature selection is discussed. Network structures as a type of factors are quantified with the measurements in the field of complex network.
Islamophobia in the National Health Service: an ethnography of institutional racism in PREVENT's counter‐radicalisation policy
Authors: Younis Tarek , Jadhav Sushrut 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn 2015, the UK government made its counter‐radicalisation policy a statutory duty for all National Health Service (NHS) staff. Staff are now tasked to identify and report individuals they suspect may be vulnerable to radicalisation. Prevent training employs a combination of psychological and ideological frames to convey the meaning of radicalisation to healthcare staff, but studies have shown that the threat of terrorism is racialised as well. The guiding question of our ethnography is: how is counter‐radicalisation training understood and practiced by healthcare professionals? A frame analysis draws upon 2 years of ethnographic fieldwork, which includes participant observation in Prevent training and NHS staff interviews. This article demonstrates how Prevent engages in performative colour‐blindness – the active recognition and dismissal of the race frame which associates racialised Muslims with the threat of terrorism. It concludes with a discussion of institutional racism in the NHS – how racialised policies like Prevent impact the minutia of clinical interactions; how the pretence of a ‘post‐racial’ society obscures institutional racism; how psychologisation is integral to the performance of colour‐blindness; and why it is difficult to address the racism associated with colourblind policies which purport to address the threat of the Far‐Right.
Leading Inclusion in Complex Systems: experiences of relational supervision for headteachers
Authors: Kennedy Emma‐Kate , Laverick Laleh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the current context, effectively including children and young people with additional needs is a challenge for school staff. Conflicting demands placed on teachers, support staff and those who lead them often derail strategic planning for the successful inclusion of all learners. School leaders have to work with complexity and ‘mess’, whilst containing the often powerful and distressing feelings of children, parents/carers and the staff who care for them. Supporting head teachers to take up their role within complex systems, in ways that promote their on‐going learning and development, is vital. Critical are the ways in which their own experiences and feelings can be held to aid thinking. This article outlines some of the constraints currently experienced by head‐teachers in England, as well as one potential approach to containment: the provision of relational supervision. The experience of relational supervision, for both supervisee and supervisor, is explored through a case study and some suggestions for future developments offered.
Voter mobilisation in the echo chamber: Broadband internet and the rise of populism in Europe
Authors: SCHAUB MAX , MORISI DAVIDE 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCan the diffusion of broadband internet help explain the recent success of populist parties in Europe? Populists cultivate an anti‐elitist communication style, which, they claim, directly connects them with ordinary people. The internet therefore appears to be the perfect tool for populist leaders. This study shows that this notion holds up to rigorous empirical testing. Drawing on survey data from Italy and Germany, a positive correlation is found between use of the internet as a source of political information and voting for populist parties. By instrumenting internet use with broadband coverage at the municipality level, the study then demonstrates that this relationship is causal. The findings suggest that part of the rise of populism can be attributed to the effect of online tools and communication strategies made possible by the proliferation of broadband access.
Meta‐analysis of total and differential white blood cell counts in schizophrenia
Authors: Jackson Alricka J. , Miller Brian J. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveSchizophrenia is associated with alterations in blood inflammatory markers, including cytokines. Total white blood cell (WBC) count is a marker of low‐grade inflammation. We conducted a meta‐analysis of total and differential WBC counts in patients with schizophrenia.MethodArticles were identified through a systematic search of PsycINFO, Pub Med, Web of Science, and the associated references. Data were analyzed using a random effects approach.ResultsTwenty‐four studies met the inclusion criteria. Blood total WBC, monocytes, and neutrophils were significantly higher in schizophrenia vs. controls with small‐to‐medium effect sizes (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.39–0.53, P < 0.01 for each). In first‐episode psychosis compared with controls, neutrophils and monocytes were significantly increased with similar effect sizes (SMD = 0.40–0.41, P ≤ 0.01 for each), and there was a trend for higher total WBC (SMD = 0.46, P = 0.05).ConclusionsConsistent with studies of other inflammatory markers, we found evidence for increased total and differential WBC counts in schizophrenia. Our results complement other studies of WBC counts in schizophrenia. These findings are relevant to the pathophysiology and potentially the treatment of schizophrenia.
Sex ratio and female allocation to harems in a polygynous bark beetle
Authors: Griffin Melissa J , Holwell Gregory I , Symonds Matthew R E 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVarying forms of polygyny are observed across many animal groups. In some species, groups of females may remain with a single male for an extended length of time. This is often referred to as harem polygyny. A female‐biased sex ratio has been associated with harem polygynous species. In such species, formation of harems may be an inevitable consequence of the relative lack of available males, rather than multiple females actively choosing to mate with a subset of specific males. The five‐spined bark beetle, Ips grandicollis, is a secondary pest of pine plantations (Pinus spp.). Harem‐like groups are formed when males bore into the bark creating a small nuptial chamber from where they release pheromones, attracting multiple females that build individual galleries associated with the males' chamber. We estimated the sex ratio of I. grandicollis in the flying population compared with those in the logs, and investigated whether females are actively choosing to join the harem of particular males, or if they simply randomly allocate themselves to harems. We also investigated how this female behaviour changes over time since the start of colonisation. The sex ratio in the flying population of I. grandicollis was slightly male biased while the population in pine billets was female biased. Early colonising females (within 2 to 8 days of log infestation) joined males non‐randomly – being more evenly distributed than expected by chance. However, the pattern of allocation differs between these days, with females allocating themselves more randomly later in the colonisation process. In a separate experiment, data collected from logs colonised after 14 days suggest completely random allocation of females to males. These results suggest that when there is a higher proportion of males to females (during early colonisation), females allocate themselves evenly among males, reducing potential between‐female competition. However, as males become rarer, females must join larger harems, but do not appear to exhibit any specific choice behaviour in which harems they join.
Support to Syrian refugees in Turkey: The roles of descriptive and injunctive norms, threat, and negative emotions
Authors: Yitmen Şenay , Verkuyten Maykel 
Published: December 2019

This research investigates individual’s support for social provisions and rights of Syrian refugees in Turkey. Support is examined in relation to perceived threat of Syrian refugees and negative emotions in combination with the perception of family and friends considering Syrian refugees a threat (negative descriptive social norm) and whether these significant others morally support these refugees (positive injunctive norms). A questionnaire study was conducted among Turkish participants (N = 565), and the results show that perception of threat was associated with negative emotions which, in turn, were related to less support to Syrian refugees. Additionally, perception of threat was associated with less support through negative emotions when perceived descriptive norms were strong. Further, perceived injunctive norms were associated with more support to Syrian refugees, but less so when people had stronger negative emotions. These findings suggest that with negative descriptive norms, threat‐based negative emotions are associated with less support to Syrian refugees, and that stronger negative emotions make the association between positive injunctive norms and support weaker.
Letter: the gluten‐free diet as a bottom‐up approach for irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Rej Anupam , Buckle Rachel Louise , Shaw Christian Charles , Trott Nick , Aziz Imran , Surendran Sanders David 
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Wang et al and Tuck et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15419 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15560.
Editorial: endoscopic inflammation in ileoanal pouches—does it really matter? Authors' reply
Authors: Kayal Maia , Ungaro Ryan 
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kayal et al and Townsend and Subramanian papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15505 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15536.
Editorial: moving towards the appropriate use of proton pump inhibitors
Authors: Kurlander Jacob E. , Rubenstein Joel H. 
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Ghosh et al and Schnoll‐Sussman and Katz papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15522 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15591.
Letter: are sorafenib‐related adverse events associated with prolonged survival?
Authors: Li Jian‐Xu , Liu Xu , Tang Shao‐Tong , Liang Guang‐Lan , Xiang Bang‐De 
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Díaz‐González et al and Sanduzzi‐Zamparelli et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15088 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15572.
Editorial: rapid assessment of health‐related quality of life in primary biliary cholangitis—no excuse not to ask
Authors: Gulamhusein Aliya F. , Jackson Nathan D. 
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Alrubaiy et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15554 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15601.
Editorial: moving towards appropriate use of proton pump inhibitors. Authors’ reply
Authors: Schnoll‐Sussman Felice , Katz Philip O. 
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Ghosh et al and Kurlander and Rubenstein papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15522 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15564.
Population pharmacokinetic modelling of busulfan and the influence of body composition in paediatric Fanconi anaemia patients
Authors: van Hoogdalem Matthijs W. , Emoto Chie , Fukuda Tsuyoshi , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Mehta Parinda A. , Vinks Alexander A. 
Published: December 2019

AimsFanconi anaemia (FA) is a rare disorder characterized by progressive bone marrow failure that requires haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Busulfan is used in conditioning regimens prior to HCT. Doses used in non‐FA patients cause life‐threatening toxicities in FA patients and data on busulfan pharmacokinetics (PK) in this population are limited. This study characterized busulfan PK in paediatric FA patients using population PK modelling and evaluated the effect of body composition on steady‐state concentrations (Css).MethodsA total of 200 busulfan plasma concentrations in 29 FA patients from a recent study (Clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01082133) were available for population PK modelling. The effect of different body size‐scaled doses and body compositions on Css was investigated using population PK modelling.ResultsFat free mass (FFM) was identified as the best size descriptor in a two‐compartment busulfan PK model in FA patients. Conventional dosing, based on an amount of busulfan per kilogram of total body mass, resulted in higher Css in FA patients with higher body mass index (BMI). A newly proposed FFM‐based dosing strategy would eliminate the observed trend of higher concentrations in high BMI patients, and achieve consistent Css across a wide BMI spectrum.ConclusionsThis is the first study to describe the population PK of busulfan in paediatric FA patients. The proposed model will facilitate PK model‐informed precision dosing. FFM‐based dosing is expected to improve the probability of achieving target Css, particularly in obese patients, while minimizing the risk of overdosing.
Does competition affect the clinical decision‐making of dentists? A geospatial analysis
Authors: Ghoneim Abdulrahman , Yu Bonnie , Lawrence Herenia P. , Glogauer Michael , Shankardass Ketan , Quiñonez Carlos 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the association between dentists' geographic density and perceptions of market competition with clinical decision‐making among a representative sample of dentists in Ontario, Canada's most populated province.MethodsCompetition was quantified using dentist density, defined as the number of dental clinics lying within a one kilometre radius around the respondents' clinic address and by self‐reported perceived pressure from other dental clinics. The outcome (clinical decision‐making or treatment intensity) was measured using a set of clinical scenarios, which categorized dentists as either relatively aggressive or conservative. Associations were assessed using bivariate analysis and logistic and linear regression.ResultsDentists who perceived large competitive pressure from other dentists (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.07‐2.49) were relatively more aggressive in their treatment choices. Interestingly, dentists located in very low dentist density areas (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.68) were also relatively more aggressive in their treatment choices.ConclusionThis study is the first to explore the impact of competition on the clinical decision‐making of dentists in a Canadian context. It presents a valuable addition to the competition literature and helps to understand current dynamics in the Canadian dental care market.
Quality of life and functional outcomes following pelvic exenteration and sacrectomy
Authors: McCarthy A. S. E. , Solomon M. J. , Koh C. E. , Firouzbakht A. , Jackson S. A. , Steffens D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThe aim was to compare postoperative quality of life (QOL) between patients undergoing pelvic exenteration (PE) and pelvic exenteration with sacrectomy (PES), and to investigate the influence of high (L5–S2) vs low (≤ S3) sacrectomy on QOL and functional outcomes.MethodPatients undergoing en bloc sacrectomy as part of a PE and PE alone from 2008 to 2015 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. QOL and functional outcomes were assessed using the 36‐Item Short Form Survey, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Colorectal Cancer questionnaire and Quality of Life questionnaire, the Revised Musculoskeletal Tumour Scale, the Lower Extremity Functional Scale, the Sexual Health Inventory for Men and the Female Sexual Function Index.ResultsOf the 344 patients identified, data were available for 116 patients who underwent PE alone and 140 patients who underwent PES. PES patients had significantly poorer physical component scores (P < 0.001) but not mental component scores (P = 0.17). Of the 140 PES patients, 55 were eligible and were invited to participate in a second functional survey, with 30 patients returning the study questionnaire. High sacrectomy patients, compared with low sacrectomy, had significantly worse lower limb motor function (P = 0.03) and poorer physical (P = 0.001) and mental health component scores (P = 0.02). No differences were found in sexual, bladder and bowel function between high and low sacrectomy patients.ConclusionsPatients undergoing PES had worse physical component scores compared with PE alone, whereas high sacrectomy patients had significantly worse lower limb motor function and physical and mental component scores but comparable bowel, bladder and sexual functional outcomes compared with low sacrectomy patients.
Forest optimization algorithm‐based feature selection using classifier ensemble
Authors: Moorthy Usha , Gandhi Usha Devi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFeatures selection is the process of choosing the relevant subset of features from the high‐dimensional dataset to enhance the performance of the classifier. Much research has been carried out in the present world for the process of feature selection. Algorithms such as Naïve Bayes (NB), decision tree, and genetic algorithm are applied to the high‐dimensional dataset to select the relevant features and also to increase the computational speed. The proposed model presents a solution for selection of features using ensemble classifier algorithms. The proposed algorithm is the combination of minimum redundancy and maximum relevance (mRMR) and forest optimization algorithm (FOA). Ensemble‐based algorithms such as support vector machine (SVM), K‐nearest neighbor (KNN), and NB is further used to enhance the performance of the classifier algorithm. The mRMR‐FOA is used to select the relevant features from the various datasets and 21% to 24% improvement is recorded in the feature selection. The ensemble classifier algorithms further improves the performance of the algorithm and provides accuracy of 96%.
Towards a phenomenology of grief: Insights from Merleau‐Ponty
Authors: Ratcliffe Matthew 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper shows how phenomenological research can enhance our understanding of what it is to experience grief. I focus specifically on themes in the work of Maurice Merleau‐Ponty, in order to develop an account that emphasizes two importantly different ways of experiencing indeterminacy. This casts light on features of grief that are disorienting and difficult to describe, while also making explicit an aspect of experience upon which the possibility of phenomenological inquiry itself depends.
Bank credit constraints for women‐led SMEs: Self‐restraint or lender bias?
Authors: Galli Emma , Mascia Danilo V. , Rossi Stefania P. S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe test the existence of possible gender biases affecting firm behavior in demanding and obtaining bank credit using a cross‐country sample of European small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). We show consistent evidence that female‐led firms are more likely than their male counterparts to refrain from applying for loans. When they apply, female‐led enterprises do not seem to face gender discrimination from the lender. Interestingly, however, signs of gender bias appear to arise during the upside phase of the economy. Overall, our study provides support for policy actions aimed at reducing the frictions faced by women‐led SMEs when accessing credit markets.
Use of Nakanuma staging and cytokeratin 7 staining for diagnosing recurrent primary biliary cholangitis after living‐donor liver transplantation
Authors: Yamashiki Noriyo , Haga Hironori , Ueda Yoshihide , Ito Takashi , Yagi Shintaro , Kamo Naoko , Hata Koichiro , Mori Akira , Kaido Toshimi , Okajima Hideaki , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: December 2019

AimDiagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), which recurs in approximately 30% of liver transplant recipients, is histology‐based, but no staging system has been established for recurrent PBC (rPBC). We used the Nakanuma staging system and cytokeratin 7 (CK7) staining to examine post‐transplant liver biopsy specimens retrospectively and to evaluate histological features of rPBC.MethodsFrom 107 patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation for PBC, 60 recipients with 214 liver biopsies after 1‐year post transplant were enrolled. Fibrosis, bile duct loss (BL), cholangitis activity, hepatitis activity, and CK7‐positive hepatocytes were scored. Nakanuma staging was based on fibrosis and BL scores. We examined the correlation of scores and clinicolaboratory data among rPBC patients. We also evaluated whether chronological change of stage was correlated with liver‐related failure.ResultsOf 214 biopsies, 52 were protocol biopsy; 162 were episodic. Higher BL, cholangitis activity, and hepatitis activity scores were associated with rPBC diagnosis. At median follow up of 10.0 years (range 1.4–18.7 years), 29 (48%) patients were diagnosed with rPBC at 4.6 years (range 1.3–14.5 years). Liver‐related failure occurred in five rPBC cases; three from rPBC, and two from chronic rejection. At rPBC diagnosis, higher BL and CK7 scores were more frequent in patients who developed liver‐related failure than in other patients (P = 0.04, P < 0.01, respectively). In failure patients, the Nakanuma stage increased over time, and reached up to stage 4, whereas the Scheuer stage did not reach above stage 3.ConclusionsNakanuma staging is associated with rPBC and disease progression. Scores for BL and CK7 might be early markers for progressive rPBC.