bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Asymmetric Fluorination of Copper Carbene Complexes: Preparative Advances and a Mechanistic Rationale
Authors: Buchsteiner Michael , Martinez‐Rodriguez Luis , Jerabek Paul , Pozo Iago , Patzer Michael , Nöthling Nils , Lehmann Christian W. , Fürstner Alois 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Cu‐catalyzed reaction of substituted α‐diazoesters with fluoride gives α‐fluoroesters with ee values of up to 95 %, provided that chiral indane‐derived bis(oxazoline) ligands are used that carry bulky benzyl substituents at the bridge and moderately bulky isopropyl groups on their core. The apparently homogeneous solution of CsF in C6F6/hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is the best reaction medium, but CsF in the biphasic mixture CH2Cl2/HFIP also provides good results. DFT studies suggest that fluoride initially attacks the Cu‐ rather than the C‐atom of the transient donor/acceptor carbene intermediate. This unusual step is followed by 1,2‐fluoride shift; for this migratory insertion to occur, the carbene must rotate about the Cu−C bond to ensure orbital overlap. The directionality of this rotatory movement within the C2‐symmetric binding site determines the sense of induction. This model is in excellent accord with the absolute configuration of the resulting product as determined by X‐ray diffraction using single crystals of this a priori wax‐like material grown by capillary crystallization.
Intermittent vs continuous electrocardiogram event recording for detection of atrial fibrillation—Compliance and ease of use in an ambulatory elderly population
Authors: Fredriksson Tove , Kemp Gudmundsdottir Katrin , Frykman Viveka , Friberg Leif , Al‐Khalili Faris , Engdahl Johan , Svennberg Emma 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are many atrial fibrillation (AF) screening devices available. Validation studies have mainly been performed in optimal settings in the young population.HypothesisWe aim to compare the yield of AF detection, compliance, and patient‐based experience in an ambulatory elderly population by using intermittent electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings and continuous event recording simultaneously.MethodsThe study participants were part of the STROKESTOP II study, a Swedish screening study for AF. All participants were 75/76 years of age, were clinically free of AF, and had N‐terminal pro b‐type natriuretic peptides levels ≥125 ng/L. AF screening was performed in parallel during a 2‐week period, using a continuous event recording device (R‐test 4; Novacor) and 30‐second intermittent recordings using a handheld ECG device (Zenicor II) four times daily. Participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire with regard to compliance and ease of use of the devices.ResultsDuring continuous event recording, 6% (n = 15/269) were diagnosed with AF and intermittent ECG detected AF in 2% (n = 5/269) of the participants (P = .002). No new cases of AF were detected using intermittent ECG monitoring only, but some episodes were detected in parallel for patients. On a graded ordinal scale of 1 to 5, with 1 reflecting “very easy to use”, continuous monitoring was graded 2 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1‐3) compared to intermittent 1 (IQR: 1‐1) (P < .001).ConclusionContinuous event recording detected three times more AF compared to intermittent ECG in an elderly ambulatory population. Compliance and user‐friendliness were rated higher for the intermittent ECG device.
An Interlayer of Multiple Microscale Hollow Channels Enhances the Durability of Surface Topographies
Authors: Ding Zhanlai , Yang Jing , Li Peiliu , Xing Yan , Tang Shousheng , Wang Lei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSelf‐cleaning plays a significant role for natural beings, as it keeps surfaces dry and clean, which is beneficial for lowering the body's weight, absorbing more light, and preventing rotting. Various topographies have been created by nature to achieve these goals. The stability of surface topography is the most essential element for maintaining these functions. Here, we report a new method for lowering the elastic modulus and enhancing the durability of surface topography. In this study, we find that multi micro hollow channels interlayer of Lycorma Delicatula's wing could effectively transfer the stress from the upper surface to the interlayer and decrease the stress concentration on the surface nano‐topography, which enhances the durability of its surface functions. The simulation and artificial surface illustrate that this new design method provides a new way to decrease the elastic modulus and enhance topographic stability.
Evaluation of Pharmacokinetics and Dose Proportionality of Diazepam After Intranasal Administration of NRL‐1 to Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Tanimoto Sarina , Pesco Koplowitz Luana , Lowenthal Richard E. , Koplowitz Barry , Rabinowicz Adrian L. , Carrazana Enrique 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNRL‐1 is a novel intranasal formulation of diazepam that is being evaluated as rescue medication in patients with epilepsy who experience bouts of increased seizure activity despite stable regimens of antiepileptic drugs. This phase 1, open‐label, randomized, crossover study in healthy adult volunteers consisted of 3 single‐dose periods (5, 10, and 20 mg) followed by a 2‐dose period (2 × 10 mg) with a minimum 28‐day washout between treatments. Blood samples were taken at prespecified time points after intranasal dosing, and bioanalytic analysis of diazepam and nordiazepam was conducted using a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters were summarized using descriptive statistics, and dose proportionality (peak concentration [Cmax] and area under the plasma concentration–time curve [AUC0‐∞]) was evaluated based on a power model within a 90%CI of 0.84 to 1.16. Comparisons were also conducted between single 10‐mg dose and multidose (2 × 10 mg) treatments. NRL‐1 administration resulted in rapid diazepam absorption (median time to peak concentration 1.4‐1.5 hours). Plasma concentration‐time profiles showed similar patterns of exposure that appeared to be dose dependent, with Cmax of 85.6, 133.6, and 235.3 ng/mL for the 5‐, 10‐, and 20‐mg doses, respectively, although the lower 90%CI for Cmax and AUC0‐∞ exceeded dose proportionality criteria. The coefficient of variation ranged from 59% to 67% for Cmax and 48% to 56% for AUC parameters. Dose‐normalized AUC0–∞ values were comparable between the 2 × 10‐mg and single 10‐mg doses. Treatment‐emergent adverse events were consistent with those expected for diazepam, with transient somnolence the most frequent adverse event (94.4%). These results support NRL‐1 as a potential therapy for managing seizure emergencies.
Copper‐Catalyzed Formylation of Amines by using Methanol as the C1 Source
Authors: Pichardo Manuel Carmona , Tavakoli Ghazal , Armstrong Jessica E. , Wilczek Tobias , Thomas Bradley E. , Prechtl Martin H. G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCu/TEMPO catalyst systems are known for the selective transformation of alcohols to aldehydes, as well as for the simultaneous coupling of alcohols and amines to imines under oxidative conditions. In this study, such a Cu/TEMPO catalyst system is found to catalyze the N‐formylation of a variety of amines by initial oxidative activation of methanol as the carbonyl source via formaldehyde and formation of N,O‐hemiacetals and oxidation of the latter under very mild conditions. A vast range of amines, including aromatic and aliphatic, primary and secondary, and linear and cyclic amines are formylated under these conditions with good to excellent yields. Moreover, paraformaldehyde can be used instead of methanol for the N‐formylation.
Standards for the development and methodology of the 2019 International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot guidelines
Authors: Bus Sicco A. , Van Netten Jaap J. , Hinchliffe Robert J. , Apelqvist Jan , Lipsky Benjamin A. , Schaper Nicolaas C. ,   IWGDF Editorial Board
Published: January 2020

AbstractDiabetic foot disease is a source of major patient suffering and societal costs. Investing in evidence‐based international guidelines on diabetic foot disease is likely among the most cost‐effective forms of health care expenditure, provided the guidelines are outcome focused, evidence based, and properly implemented. The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) has published and updated international guidelines since 1999. The 2019 updates are based on formulating relevant clinical questions and outcomes, rigorous systematic reviews of the literature, and recommendations that are specific, and unambiguous along with their transparent rationale, all using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. We herein describe the development of the 2019 IWGDF guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease, which consists of six chapters, each prepared by a separate working group of international experts. These documents provide guidelines related to diabetic foot disease on prevention; offloading; peripheral artery disease; infection; wound healing interventions; and classification of diabetic foot ulcers. Based on these six chapters, the IWGDF Editorial Board also produced a set of practical guidelines. Each guideline underwent extensive review by the members of the IWGDF Editorial Board as well as independent international experts in each field. We believe that adoption and implementation of the 2019 IWGDF guidelines by health care providers, public health agencies, and policymakers will result in improved prevention and management of diabetic foot disease and a subsequent worldwide reduction in the patient and societal burden this disease causes.
Ecological costs of climate change on marine predator–prey population distributions by 2050
Authors: Sadykova Dinara , Scott Beth E. , De Dominicis Michela , Wakelin Sarah L. , Wolf Judith , Sadykov Alexander 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIdentifying and quantifying the effects of climate change that alter the habitat overlap of marine predators and their prey population distributions is of great importance for the sustainable management of populations. This study uses Bayesian joint models with integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) to predict future spatial density distributions in the form of common spatial trends of predator–prey overlap in 2050 under the “business‐as‐usual, worst‐case” climate change scenario. This was done for combinations of six mobile marine predator species (gray seal, harbor seal, harbor porpoise, common guillemot, black‐legged kittiwake, and northern gannet) and two of their common prey species (herring and sandeels). A range of five explanatory variables that cover both physical and biological aspects of critical marine habitat were used as follows: bottom temperature, stratification, depth‐averaged speed, net primary production, and maximum subsurface chlorophyll. Four different methods were explored to quantify relative ecological cost/benefits of climate change to the common spatial trends of predator–prey density distributions. All but one future joint model showed significant decreases in overall spatial percentage change. The most dramatic loss in predator–prey population overlap was shown by harbor seals with large declines in the common spatial trend for both prey species. On the positive side, both gannets and guillemots are projected to have localized regions with increased overlap with sandeels. Most joint predator–prey models showed large changes in centroid location, however the direction of change in centroids was not simply northwards, but mostly ranged from northwest to northeast. This approach can be very useful in informing the design of spatial management policies under climate change by using the potential differences in ecological costs to weigh up the trade‐offs in decisions involving issues of large‐scale spatial use of our oceans, such as marine protected areas, commercial fishing, and large‐scale marine renewable developments.
Frenulate siboglinids at high Arctic methane seeps and insight into high latitude frenulate distribution
Authors: Sen Arunima , Didriksen Alena , Hourdez Stéphane , Svenning Mette Marianne , Rasmussen Tine L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFrenulate species were identified from a high Arctic methane seep area on Vestnesa Ridge, western Svalbard margin (79°N, Fram Strait) based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI). Two species were found: Oligobrachia haakonmosbiensis, and a new, distinct, and undescribed Oligobrachia species. The new species adds to the cryptic Oligobrachia species complex found at high latitude methane seeps in the north Atlantic and the Arctic. However, this species displays a curled tube morphology and light brown coloration that could serve to distinguish it from other members of the complex. A number of single tentacle individuals were recovered which were initially thought to be members of the only unitentaculate genus, Siboglinum. However, sequencing revealed them to be the new species and the single tentacle morphology, in addition to thin, colorless, and ringless tubes indicate that they are juveniles. This is the first known report of juveniles of northern Oligobrachia. Since the juveniles all appeared to be at about the same developmental stage, it is possible that reproduction is either synchronized within the species, or that despite continuous reproduction, settlement, and growth in the sediment only takes place at specific periods. The new find of the well‐known species O. haakonmosbiensis extends its range from the Norwegian Sea to high latitudes of the Arctic in the Fram Strait. We suggest bottom currents serve as the main distribution mechanism for high latitude Oligobrachia species and that water depth constitutes a major dispersal barrier. This explains the lack of overlap between the distributions of northern Oligobrachia species despite exposure to similar current regimes. Our results point toward a single speciation event within the Oligobrachia clade, and we suggest that this occurred in the late Neogene, when topographical changes occurred and exchanges between Arctic and North Atlantic water masses and subsequent thermohaline circulation intensified.
The social return on investment of a new approach to heart failure in the Spanish National Health System
Authors: Merino María , Jiménez Margarita , Manito Nicolás , Casariego Emilio , Ivanova Yoana , González‐Domínguez Almudena , San Saturnino Maite , Hidalgo‐Vega Álvaro , Blanch Carles 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsWe aim to agree on a set of proposals to improve the current management of heart failure (HF) within the Spanish National Health System (SNHS) and apply the social return on investment (SROI) method to measure the social impact that these proposals would generate.Methods and resultsA multidisciplinary working team of 16 experts was set up, with representation from the main stakeholders regarding HF: medical specialists (cardiologists, internal medicine physicians, general practitioners, and geriatric physicians), nursing professionals, health management professionals, patients, and informal caregivers. This team established a set of proposals to improve the management of HF according to the main areas of HF care: emergency and hospitalization, primary care, cardiology, and internal medicine. A forecast‐type SROI method, with a 1‐year time frame, was applied to measure the social impact resulting from the implementation of these proposals. The required investment and social return were estimated and summarized into a ratio indicating how much social return could be generated for each euro invested. Intangible returns were included and quantified through financial proxies. The approach to improve the management of HF consisted of 28 proposals, including the implementation of a case management nurse network, standardization of operational protocols, psychological support, availability of echocardiography machines at emergency departments, stationary units and primary care, early specialist visits after hospital discharge, and cardiac rehabilitation units, among others. These proposals would benefit not only patients and their informal caregivers but also the SNHS. Regarding patients, proposals would increase their autonomy in everyday activities, decrease anxiety, increase psychological and physical well‐being, improve pharmacological adherence and self‐care, enhance understanding of the disease, delay disease progression, expedite medical assessment, and prevent the decrease in work productivity associated with HF management. Regarding informal caregivers, proposals would increase their quality of life; improve their social, economic, and emotional well‐being; and reduce their care burden. The SNHS would benefit from shorter stays of HF patients at intensive care units and reduction of hospitalizations and admissions to emergency departments. The investment needed to implement these proposals would amount to €548m and yield a social return of €1932m, that is, €3.52 for each euro invested.ConclusionsThe current management of HF could be improved by a set of proposals that resulted in an overall positive social return, varying between areas of analysis. This may guide the allocation of healthcare resources and improve the quality of life of patients with HF.
Increased MSX level improves biological productivity and production stability in multiple recombinant GS CHO cell lines
Authors: Tian Jun , He Qin , Oliveira Christopher , Qian Yueming , Egan Susan , Xu Jianlin , Qian Nan‐Xin , Langsdorf Erik , Warrack Bethanne , Aranibar Nelly , Reily Michael , Borys Michael , Li Zheng Jian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIncreasing cell culture productivity of recombinant proteins via process improvements is the primary focus for research groups within biologics manufacturing. Any recommendations to improve a manufacturing process obviously must be effective, but also be robust, scalable, and with product quality comparable to the original process. In this study, we report that three different GS−/− CHO cell lines developed in media containing a standard concentration of the selection agent methionine sulfoximine (MSX), but then exposed to increased MSX concentrations during seed train expansion, achieved titer increases of 10–19%. This result was observed in processes already considerably optimized. Expanding the cells with a higher MSX concentration improved cell line production stability with increased culture age. Production cultures in 500‐L and 1000‐L bioreactors replicated laboratory results using 5‐L bioreactors, demonstrating process robustness and scalability. Furthermore, product quality attributes of the final drug substance using the higher MSX process were comparable with those from cells expanded in media with the standard selection MSX concentration. Subsequent mechanistic investigations confirmed that the cells were not altered at the genetic level in terms of integration profiles or gene copy number, nor transcriptional levels of glutamine synthetase, heavy chain, or light chain genes. This study provides an effective and applicable strategy to improve the productivity of therapeutic proteins for biologics manufacturing.
A comparative study on physicochemical properties of two nanomagnetic compounds CaO@Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@CaO and their catalytic role on biodiesel preparation
Authors: Mardani Hamid Reza , Forouzani Mehdi , Moradi Nazanin , Kheibarian Zahra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, two nanomagnetic compounds from calcium oxide and iron (II, III) oxide (CaO@ Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@CaO) were synthesized by hydrothermal method and were characterized by general techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, MAP, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller. The chemical and physical properties of these nanocompounds were studied, and they were compared with each other. The type of metal oxide as a support part was considered to be very interesting in this research. By changing the support from Fe3O4 to CaO: (a) the crystal size decreased from 41.60 to 36.82 nm, (b) the morphology was significantly changed, CaO@ Fe3O4 got a misty mountain‐like shape but other compound got a tiny spherical shape, (c) surface area and pore volume decreased as CaO@Fe3O4 is macroporous and the other compound is microporous. (d) Fe3O4 as support yielded better results than CaO due to more amount of coating. Both nanomagnetic compounds efficiently performed transesterification process using sunflower oil and methanol without any additional base compounds but CaO@Fe3O4 is slightly stronger catalyst than Fe3O4@CaO. Prepared biodiesel was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), 13C‐NMR, and gas chromatography apparatuses. These results also corresponded with the prepared biodiesel by NaOH as a standard.
Study on the release and sensory perception of encapsulated d‐limonene flavor in crystal rock candy using the time–intensity analysis and HS‐GC/MS spectrometry
Authors: Vatankhah Lotfabadi Shahrzad , Mortazavi Seyyed Ali , Yeganehzad Samira 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis research was conducted to evaluate encapsulated d‐limonene perception and release in rock candy. Microcapsules with wall materials of 75/25 of gum Arabic/Maltodextrin by 20% of wall materials) were produced for using in rock candy. To evaluate the flavor release from rock candy by time–intensity method, a model system was developed and time–intensity sensory evaluation was conducted by trained sensory panelists in order to determine the effect of three different matrices (water, water and flavored rock candy, and water with flavored rock candy and citric acid (pH = 3) at three serving temperatures (10, 45, and 75°C) on the perception of d‐limonene release. Results showed that release of d‐limonene from flavored rock candy with acid citric (pH = 3) at 75°C had the highest perceived sensation whereas the matrix of microcapsule in water at 10°C had the lowest perception. On the other hand, increasing the temperature from 10 to 75°C had significant effects on the release and perception of d‐limonene (p < .05). Headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry confirmed results from time–intensity sensory evaluation, which indicated that the release of d‐limonene increased in the presence of sucrose and citric acid (pH = 3).
Comparison of taste components in stewed beef broth under different conditions by means of chemical analyzed
Authors: Wang Linhan , Qiao Kaina , Duan Wen , Zhang Yuyu , Xiao Junfei , Huang Yan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aims of this study were to investigate the effect of stewing process on the content of taste compounds in stewing beef broth. The amino acids, 5′‐nucleotides, and organic acids in stewing beef broth were determined by HPLC. The results showed that the contents of four 5′‐nucleotides in raw beef were significantly lower than that in stewed beef broth. The addition of spices, salt, and sucrose was beneficial to promote the release of amino acid in beef broth. The highest contents of umami, sweet amino acid, and total amino acid were 907.67, 2930.11, and 5088.76 μg/g in stewed beef broth with salt addition, and 1085.10, 3367.48, and 5595.20 μg/g with sucrose addition. The contents of those in the stewed beef optimal group (s‐b‐o) were 7008.53, 34007.67, and 49282.82 μg/g, respectively, which was far higher than that with salt addition and sucrose addition. The content of total amino acid and total organic acid was significantly higher in s‐b‐o‐o than in s‐b‐o. The proper amount of blend oil was beneficial to the release of flavor substances in stewed beef broth. The EUC value of the stewed beef blank group (s‐b‐b) was 3.50 g MSG/100 g. The addition of spices could significantly increase the EUC of stewed beef broth. The TAVs of 8 compounds were more than 1 in the sample of s‐b‐o‐o, including Asp, Glu, Pro, Ala, Val, Met, Arg, and tartaric acid. These 8 compounds contribute more to the taste of stewed beef broth.