bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness and cataract surgery coverage among forcibly displaced Myanmar Nationals (Rohingya refugees) in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Hussain A. H. M. Enayet , Ahmed Munir , Vincent Jerry E. , Islam Johurul , Sapkota Yuddha D. , Das Taraprasad , Congdon Nathan , Husain Lutful , Khandaker Gulam , Muhit Mohammad , Hossain Mohammad Awlad , Haddad Danny 
Published: December 2020

AimTo determine the prevalence and causes of blindness, vision impairment and cataract surgery coverage among Rohingya refugees aged ≥ 50 years residing in camps in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh.MethodsWe used the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) methodology to select 76 clusters of 50 participants aged ≥ 50 years with probability proportionate to size. Demographic and cataract surgery data were collected using questionnaires, visual acuity was assessed per World Health Organization criteria and examinations were conducted by torch, and with direct ophthalmoscopy in eyes with pinhole-corrected vision <6/12. RAAB software was used for data entry and analysis.ResultsWe examined 3,629 of 3800 selected persons (95.5%). Age and sex adjusted prevalence of blindness (<3/60), severe visual impairment (SVI; >3/60 to ≤6/60), moderate visual impairment (MVI; >6/60 to ≤6/18), and early visual impairment (EVI; >6/18 to ≤6/12) were 2.14%, 2.35%, 9.68% and 14.7% respectively. Cataract was responsible for 75.0% of blindness and 75.8% of SVI, while refractive error caused 47.9% and 90.9% of MVI and EVI respectively. Most vision loss (95.9%) was avoidable. Cataract surgical coverage among the blind was 81.2%. Refractive error was detected in 17.1% (n = 622) of participants and 95.2% (n = 592) of these did not have spectacles. In the full Rohingya cohort of 76,692, approximately 10,000 surgeries are needed to correct all eyes impaired (<6/18) by cataract, 12,000 need distance glasses and 73,000 require presbyopic correction.ConclusionThe prevalence of blindness was lower than expected for a displaced population, in part due to few Rohingya being ≥60 years and the camp’s good access to cataract surgery. We suggest the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees include eye care among recommended health services for all refugees with long-term displacement.
Mental Health and Wellbeing in the Anthropocene: A Posthuman Inquiry, Jamie Mcphie (2019)
Authors: Kirby Melissa 
Published: December 2020

Review of: Mental Health and Wellbeing in the Anthropocene: A Posthuman Inquiry, Jamie Mcphie (2019)
Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 316 pp.,
ISBN 978-9-81133-325-5, p/bk, €72.79, ISBN 978-9-81133-326-2, e-book, €58.84
Bauran Pemasaran dan Perilaku Pengunjung Wisata Minat Khusus di Objek Wisata Kali Suci Caving dan Tubing
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto , Haryanti Nana , Raharja S. Agung Sri 
Published: December 2020

Kawasan karst merupakan ekosisten unik dan dijumpai gua-gua yang merupakan objek wisata yang potensial untuk dikembangankan. Salah satu kawasan wisata gua yakni Kali Suci Caving dan Tubing. Kelompok Sadar Wisata Desa Pacarejo (KSWDP), Kecamatan Ponjong, Kabupaten Gunungkidul mengelola Kali Suci Caving dan Tubing (KSCT) sejak tahun 2012. Untuk merespon keinginan pengunjung area wisata maka perilaku manejemen pengelola dan perilaku pengunjung sebaiknya dikaji namun sedikit sekali pengelola area wisata mengkaji hal tersebut. Bagaimana KSWDP tersebut mengelola KSCT untuk merespon keinginan pengunjung dilakukan kajian perilaku pengelola dan perilaku pengunjung. Bauran pemasaran diaplikasikan pada kajian ini. Parameter yang dikaji yakni produk yang ditawarkan pengelola wisata kepada pengunjung, penentuan harga tiket dan penilaian pengunjung terhadap harga tiket, dan jenis promosi yang dilaksanakan oleh pengelola. Tokoh kunci dan responden yang diwawancarai yakni: Kepala Desa Pacarejo, Ketua KSWDP, dan pemandu wisata. Data bauran pemasaran tersebut dianalisis dengan pendekatan kualitatif sedangkan untuk mengetahui perilaku pengunjung dilakukan survei terhadap 72 orang responden dan dianalisis dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1). Objek Wisata Kali Suci merupakan objek wisata minat khusus yang terdiri dari gua, di dalamnya terdapat sungai bawah tanah yang memiliki daya tarik untuk caving dan tubing dengan menghabiskan waktu sekitar 35 – 40 menit. Untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pengunjung, maka 1) secara fisik objek wisata KSCT perlu diperpanjang ke arah hulu Sub DAS Kali Suci, sehingga waktu pengunjung untuk menikmati wisata caving dan tubing menjadi lebih lama, 2). Harga tiket kegiatan rekreasi sebesar Rp. 80.000,-/orang dan dikatakan wajar oleh seluruh pengunjung yang diwawancarai, sesuai dengan jasa wisata yang ditawarkan, dan 3). Promosi telah dilakukan oleh pengelola area wisata Kali Suci melaui media sosial, biro travel, dan melalui pengunjung yang pernah mengunjungi Kali Suci, namun demikian jumlah pengunjung mulai tahun 2016 mengalami penurunan. Menurut pengelola KSCT, penurunan jumlah pengunjung akibat dari Badai Cempaka yang terjadi pada tahun 2017. Di sisi lain, jumlah kunjungan wisata di Kabupaten Gunungkidul sebagai daerah semestanya memengalami kenaikan sejak tahun 2008–2017. Oleh karena itu, pengelola KSCT perlu memahami lingkungan bisnis pariwisata dan perilaku pengunjung objek wisata minat khusus yang memiliki segmen pasar: petualang yang sebagian besar berumur muda, dan berpendidikan. Promosi perlu difokuskan pada segmen pasar tersebut. Di samping penguasaan caving dan tubing, pemandu wisata perlu dibekali pengetahuan tentang pembentukan dan ekosistem gua, sehingga dapat menjelaskan secara komprehensif tentang ekosistem gua tersebut.
PENGARUH JARAK TANAM RUMPUT LAUT (Sargassum sp.) YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN
Authors: Fajri Muhamad Ichwanul 
Published: December 2020

Rumput laut termasuk dalam golongan alga yaitu kelompok tumbuhan yang mempunyai klorofil, terdiri dari satu atau banyak sel, berbentuk koloni. Sargassum sp. merupakan alga coklat yang paling melimpah di perairan tropis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jarak tanam dan menentukan jarak tanam terbaik untuk pertumbuhan rumput laut Sargassum sp. di balai perbenihan ikan air payau dan laut tugu, kota semarang. Rumput laut (Sargassum sp.) uji yang digunakan dengan bobot 50 g. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu dengan menggunakan metode eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan A, B, dan C adalah jarak tanam dengan masing-masing sebesar 23 cm, 28 cm, 33 cm. Variabel yang diamati meliputi laju pertumbuhan relatif (RGR) dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jarak tanam Sargassum sp. yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap RGR. Perlakuan C (jarak tanam 33 cm) menghasilkan nilai tertinggi pada RGR rumput laut Sargassum sp. sebesar 0,82 ± 0,12%/hari, perlakuan B (jarak tanam 28 cm) didapatkan hasil 0.64±0.04%/hari, perlakuan A (jarak tanam 23 cm) didapatkan hasil 0.54±0.06%/hari dan parameter kualitas air selama penelitian didapatkan hasil kisaran suhu 25–34,1oC, pH berkisar antara 7,12–8,20, salinitas berkisar antara 10–21 ppt. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu jarak tanam terbaik terhadap laju pertumbuhan relatif rumput laut yaitu pada jarak tanam 33 cm, adanya pengaruh sangat nyata dari perbedaan jarak tanam terhadap laju pertumbuhan relative. Saran dari penelitian ini yaitu perlu adanya kualitas air yang layak supaya rumput laut dapat hidup selama budidaya.Kata kunci: Sargassum, jarak tanam, pertumbuhan.
Testing the joint stock market efficiency of OPEC countries
Authors: Olubiyi Ebenezer , Oluganna Eunice , Fakunmoju Segun K. 
Published: December 2020

The study investigates the joint market efficiency hypothesis of the OPEC countries by obtaining monthly stock price data from seven OPEC countries from January, 2005 to April, 2016. The study confirms the risk-return tradeoff in the OPEC stock markets. While most relationships are positive only a pair of country shows strong negative association Results of both parametric and nonparametric tests indicate that all OPEC members’ monthly stock return, except Qatar, are not weak-efficient. This implies that not all OPEC stock markets are efficient. Meanwhile, the study finds that current monthly stock return of one country member can be predicted using the historical monthly price movement of another OPEC member. As a whole, the monthly stock price of OPEC countries are not jointly weak efficient. Recommendations were offered based on these important discoveries.
INTEGRATING SOCIAL COMPARISON INTO THE UNDERSTANDING OF EMOTION REGULATION IN BORDERLINE PERSONALITY
Authors: Gratz Kim L. , Richmond Julia R. , Edmonds Keith A. , Rose Jason P. , Tull Matthew T. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Theory and research suggest the need to expand research on emotion regulation (ER) within borderline personality disorder (BPD). This research examined the relations of BPD symptoms to interpersonal (venting, reassurance-seeking) and socially-oriented (social comparison) ER strategies (in addition to acceptance and avoidance), and explored the role of trait social comparison orientation (SCO) in these relations.Methods: In Study 1, a nationwide community sample of women completed questionnaires. In Study 2, a university sample of young women completed questionnaires and an online social interaction task (following which they reported on the strategies they used to regulate emotions during the task).Results: Results revealed significant indirect relations of BPD symptoms to venting and reassurance-seeking through trait SCO, reassurance-seeking and social comparison through upward SCO, and the in-vivo use of downward social comparison and avoidance strategies during the social interaction task through upward SCO.Discussion: Results highlight the relevance of trait SCO (particularly upward SCO) to socially-oriented ER strategies among women with heightened BPD symptoms.
Causal Evidence for a Double Dissociation between Object- and Scene-Selective Regions of Visual Cortex: A Preregistered TMS Replication Study
Authors: Wischnewski Miles , Peelen Marius V. 
Published: December 2020

Natural scenes are characterized by individual objects as well as by global scene properties such as spatial layout. Functional neuroimaging research has shown that this distinction between object and scene processing is one of the main organizing principles of human high-level visual cortex. For example, object-selective regions, including the lateral occipital complex (LOC), were shown to represent object content (but not scene layout), while scene-selective regions, including the occipital place area (OPA), were shown to represent scene layout (but not object content). Causal evidence for a double dissociation between LOC and OPA in representing objects and scenes is currently limited, however. One TMS experiment, conducted in a relatively small sample (N= 13), reported an interaction between LOC and OPA stimulation and object and scene recognition performance (Dilks et al., 2013). Here, we present a high-powered preregistered replication of this study (N= 72, including male and female human participants), using group-average fMRI coordinates to target LOC and OPA. Results revealed unambiguous evidence for a double dissociation between LOC and OPA: relative to vertex stimulation, TMS over LOC selectively impaired the recognition of objects, while TMS over OPA selectively impaired the recognition of scenes. Furthermore, we found that these effects were stable over time and consistent across individual objects and scenes. These results show that LOC and OPA can be reliably and selectively targeted with TMS, even when defined based on group-average fMRI coordinates. More generally, they support the distinction between object and scene processing as an organizing principle of human high-level visual cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur daily-life environments are characterized both by individual objects and by global scene properties. The distinction between object and scene processing features prominently in visual cognitive neuroscience, with fMRI studies showing that this distinction is one of the main organizing principles of human high-level visual cortex. However, causal evidence for the selective involvement of object- and scene-selective regions in processing their preferred category is less conclusive. Here, testing a large sample (N= 72) using an established paradigm and a preregistered protocol, we found that TMS over object-selective cortex (lateral occipital complex) selectively impaired object recognition, while TMS over scene-selective cortex (occipital place area) selectively impaired scene recognition. These results provide strong causal evidence for the distinction between object and scene processing in human visual cortex.
Applying the Model Penal Code Insanity Defense to Sleepwalking Killers and Psychopaths
Authors: Xiaoyi Xu April 
Published: December 2020

The American legal system currently tends to excuse sleepwalking killers, particularly based on the involuntary act defense, more so than the insanity defense. By contrast, the law generally does not excuse psychopathic murderers. However, the status quo may not be the optimal or most just solution to this legal dilemma; depending on one’s philosophical beliefs regarding the tension between society’s interest and the accused’s rights, one can identify various flaws within the prevailing application of the insanity defense in cases involving sleepwalking and psychopathy. As the law is constantly evolving, there is space for growth in this area, especially with the advancement in neuroscience, which can offer more insight into sleepwalkers’ and psychopaths’ brains.
In approaching the complex questions of whether and how the law should excuse sleepwalking killers and psychopaths from punishment, this article turns to relevant findings from neuroscience for support and focuses on one particular approach, that of the Model Penal Code (MPC) insanity defense. We begin with an overview of the relevant criminal law doctrine in contextualizing the MPC’s approach to insanity defense. We then apply the relevant MPC section, § 4.01, to the sleepwalking killer and psychopath contexts, bearing in mind relevant studies and findings in neuroscience and related scientific disciplines, as well as their limitations at this stage. Part of the analysis considers the U.S. Supreme Court’s latest insanity law decision, Kahler v. Kansas (2020), in relation to the subject matter of this article.
Comparación del desempeño de jóvenes en pruebas neuropsicológicas en formato lápiz y papel e informatizadas
Authors: Brandwayn Natalia , Restrepo David , Macías-Bohórquez Ricardo , López-López Wilson , Acevedo-Triana César 
Published: December 2020

Los campos de la aplicación de pruebas psicológicas y neuropsicológicas se han visto impactos por la tecnología específicamente con las pruebas informatizados. Una de las preguntas frecuentes en versiones papel y lápiz comparadas con una versión informatizada de la misma prueba, es si éstas son equivalentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el desempeño de pruebas neuropsicológicas en formato lápiz y papel y formato computarizado. Participaron 41 estudiantes en dos aplicaciones de las mismas pruebas en las dos versiones. Se encontró que los desempeños fueron equivalentes en la mayoría de las pruebas. Sin embargo, existen variaciones en las modalidades dependiendo de la ejecución de la prueba y con alta variabilidad entre sujetos. Esto sugiere que la diferencia en las puntuaciones podría deberse a la diferencia en los procesos cognitivos subyacentes a la ejecución de las dos modalidades.
Evaluación de métodos de extracción de ADN genómico para la identificación de Leptospira spp en muestras de orina bovina mediante por PCR
Authors: Revelo Ruales Alexandra Paola , De La Torre M. Euclides , Martínez C. Galo , Baquero C. María , Casart Q. Yveth 
Published: December 2020

El presente estudio tuvo la finalidad de seleccionar un protocolo de extracción de ADN de Leptospira spp a partir de muestras de orina para el diagnóstico de leptospirosis bovina mediante PCR. Se utilizaron tres métodos de extracción de ADN: Etanol-Hidróxido de Sodio (EtNa), resina quelante Chelex® 100 y el estuche de extracción comercial PureLink® Genomic DNA Mini Kit. El ADN extraído sirvió para la estandarización de tres protocolos de PCR para la identificación de los genes rrl, hap1 y rrs, respectivamente en el laboratorio de AGROCALIDAD, Ecuador. Se colectaron 72 muestras de orina bovina procedentes de ganaderías de la provincia de Manabí, Ecuador. Se obtuvieron 10 muestras positivas mediante la amplificación del gen rrl, el cual identifica al género Leptospira. De las muestras positivas a género, ocho amplificaron para el gen hap1, el cual codifica para la principal proteína de membrana externa de especies patógenas. Se evaluó la concordancia entre los métodos de extracción de ADN con Chelex-100, y el estuche de extracción comercial PureLink® Genomic DNA Mini Kit, determinándose una concordancia de 0.74 mediante el índice Kappa.

El presente estudio tuvo la finalidad de optimizar un protocolo de extracción de ADN de Leptospira spp. a partir de muestras de orina de bovinos procedentes de ganaderías de los cantones de Chone y Pedernales de la provincia de Manabí, Ecuador. El ADN extraído sirvió para la estandarización de 3 protocolos de PCR en AGROCALIDAD, para lo cual, se colectaron 72 muestras de orina bovina (n=72). Se identificaron 10 excretores renales (n=10) mediante la amplificación del gen rrl, el cual identifica al género Leptospira. De las muestras positivas a género, 8 (n=8) amplificaron para el gen hap1, el cual codifica para la principal proteína de membrana externa de especies patógenas. Se evaluó la concordancia entre los métodos de extracción de ADN con Chelex-100, y el estuche de extracción comercial PureLink® Genomic DNA; y se determinó la existencia de una concordancia de 0,74 mediante el índice Kappa.
OBEZ VE OBEZ OLMAYAN KADINLARDA CİNSEL İŞLEV BOZUKLUĞU SIKLIĞININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: GÜÇ Hülya , MUTLU Hacer Hicran 
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Polikliniğimize başvuran obez kadınlarda cinsel işlev bozukluğu, depresyon ve anksiyete düzeylerini belirlemek ve beden kitle indeksleriyle ilişkisini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Çalışmamızda, organik ve/veya psikiyatrik hastalığı olmayan cinsel aktif obez kadınlar vaka grubunu ve obez olmayan cinsel aktif, herhangi bir psikiyatrik hastalık tanısı olmayan ve/veya tedavisi görmeyen kadın bireyler kontrol grubunu oluşturdu. Tüm katılımcılara; sosyodemografik veri toplama formu, Arizona Cinsel Yaşantılar Ölçeği Kadın Formu (ACYÖ-K), Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği (BAÖ), Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ), Kadın Cinsel İşlev Ölçeği (FSFI) uygulanarak her iki gruptaki cinsel işlev bozukluk sıklığı karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan kadınların (n=102) yaşları 29 ile 57 yaş aralığında olup, ortalaması 43,60±6,44 yıldır. Çalışmaya katılan obez kadınlar (vaka) ve obez olmayan (kontrol) arasında yaş ortalaması açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Obezite varlığına göre Arizona Cinsel Yaşantılar Ölçeği, Beck Depresyon ve Anksiyete Ölçeği, toplam FSFI ve ağrı hariç diğer FSFI alt grup puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmış olup; obez olan grubun cinsel disfonksiyon sıklığı, anksiyete ve depresyon düzeyi, obez olmayan gruptan yüksek bulunmuştur (p
Leading with meaning: Why diversity, equity, and inclusion matters in U. S. higher education
Authors: Barnett Rachel 
Published: December 2020

In Academic Leadership and Governance of Higher Education, Hendrickson, Lane, Harris, and Dorman (2013) argue that institutional decisions, adaptations, and activities of successful academic leaders need to be mission and value-focused. Academic institutions value autonomy and expertise in decision-making, which necessitates that academic leaders “create and foster democratic partnerships with myriad constituents” (Hendrickson et al., 2013: 2) and organize their activities around a shared vision based on institutional mission and values. In this paper, I review some recent research findings that demonstrate the need to address issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion in U. S. higher education contexts as educators work to transform students into responsible citizens. These findings highlight the need for academic leaders to consider how to best embody the mission and vision of their institutions as they frame diversity issues for the campus community, with a few additional considerations specific to religiously affiliated institutions.
Bank Industry Openness In Indonesia: Control Of Agency Problems
Authors: Mahadwartha Putu Anom Mahadwartha 
Published: December 2020

Indonesian banking sector has recently been suffering from bad debt and liquidity problems. Crisis since 1997 has impoverished bank’s performance and reduced shareholder wealth. The deterioration of bank’s performance with respect to bank’s purpose to be an intermediation agent also affects the wealth of stakeholders, especially depositors. Agency problem has severe effects on bank’s performance. Openness policy especially in bank ownership structure also has an effect on competition between banks. Globalization forces early openness on banking industry, therefore foreign ownership in banking industry becomes usual in Indonesia. Central bank has an obligation to support citizen with variety of banking services, without sacrificing security. Although Indonesia has several prospective domesticowned banks, however crisis weakened national banking industry. Therefore, type of ownership should have difference effect on agency problems controlling mechanism. This research examines agency theory arguments in banking industry by analyzing the effect on firm specific variables, which are managerial stock ownership, leverage, dividend yield, and type of ownership. Agency costs proxy by earnings volatility, manager’s portfolio diversification losses, bank size, and standard deviation of bank equity returns. Types of ownership are domestic-owned banks, and foreign-owned banks. It is one of the first researches that examine the determination of financial policy variables based on agency theory perspective in banking industry. This research examines the largest 51 banks during the period of 1999-2004 using quarterly financial report. The result showed bank size and a measure of manager’s portfolio diversification opportunity set affect the bank’s level of managerial stock ownership, leverage, and dividends. The result also confirms the difference effect of type of banks ownership to controlling mechanism of agency problems.