bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous identification and reconstruction of the space-dependent reaction coefficient and source term
Authors: Cao Kai , Lesnic Daniel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The inverse problem of simultaneously determining, i.e., identifying and reconstructing, the space-dependent reaction coefficient and source term component from time-integral temperature measurements is investigated. This corresponds to thermal applications in which the heat is generated from a source depending linearly on the temperature, but with unknown space-dependent coefficients. For the resulting nonlinear inverse problem, we first prove the existence of solution based on the Schauder fixed point theorem. Then, under certain additional conditions, the solution is also proved to be unique. For the numerical reconstruction of solution, the problem is reformulated as a least-squares minimisation whose Fréchet gradients with respect to the two unknowns are derived in terms of the solution of an adjoint problem. The conjugate gradient method (CGM) to calculate the numerical solution is developed, and its convergence is proved from the Lipschitz continuity of these gradients. Three numerical examples for one- and two-dimensional inverse problems are illustrated to reveal the accuracy and stability of the solutions applying the CGM regularised by the discrepancy principle when noisy data are inverted.
The role of visuospatial abilities in memorizing animations among soccer players
Authors: Ben Mahfoudh Hatem , Zoudji Bachir 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The use of dynamic media such as animations for educational purposes in the sport field keeps growing. However, not adapting these information-enriched supports to learners’ perquisites can diminish their learning efficiency. In this paper, we studied the effect of visuospatial abilities (VSA) on the memorization of a dynamic tactical scene among soccer players.

Methods
Participants (N=48) performed a multitask VSA test (control test) to distinguish people with “high” and “low” VSA. Then, they were required to memorize and reproduce a dynamic sequence (main test).

Results
Results indicate a learning enhancer effect of VSA. Players with high VSA were more efficient in memorizing the sequence than those with low VSA.

Conclusion
Results suggest considering VSA in order to optimize learning from dynamic presentations even if participants belong to the same group. In addition, VSA training for athletes is recommended in order to enhance their learning of dynamic visual content.
Non-linear companding scheme for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in generalized frequency division multiplexing
Authors: Tiwari Shiv Om , Paulus Rajeev 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Due to the evolution of mobile phone technology which enables the use of Internet, the demand for data rates has increased tremendously. Therefore, current 4G-LTE (long-term evolution) technology needs to be replaced in near future. Hence, currently possible solutions for 5G technology are heavily investigated. Generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) is one such technique which is based on multi-carrier filters and uses time-frequency structure to optimize delay and out-of-band emission (OOB). Still GFDM is very much similar to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with much improved spectral and peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) performance. This paper presents a detailed description of GFDM technique, along-with its comparison to OFDM method. This paper further investigates the non-linear companding scheme which can be used to further reduce PAPR. Simulation results are presented to obtain (Power Spectral Density) PSD and PAPR performance.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma in children with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis – a review of the literature between 2000 and 2020
Authors: Sur Maria Lucia , Gaga Remus , Lazăr Călin , Lazea Cecilia , Aldea Cornel , Sur Daniel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Thyroid cancer is the most common pediatric endocrine neoplasm representing 3% of all malignancies in children. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is also a common disorder in the pediatric age range. Patients with HT frequently develop enlarged thyroid with nodules. We aimed to provide a literature review on the frequency of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in patients with HT.

Content
A literature search of the PubMed database between 2000 and 2020 was performed, using the relevant keywords “papillary thyroid carcinoma,” “Hashimoto’s thyroiditis” and “children”. We followed the PRISMA statement guidelines during the preparation of this review. Six studies (n=2,065 patients with HT) were retained for the final analysis. The follow-up of the patients with HT was from 2 to 10 years. PTC was diagnosed in 0.67–7.87% of the HT patients included in these studies. In patients with HT and nodules, the percentage of PTC varied between 5.13 and 35%. The overall occurrence of PTC in patients with HT was 3.07%.

Summary and Outlook
The number of patients developing thyroid nodules in relation to HT was increased. The development of PTC in children with HT appeared to be higher than in the normal population.
Shifting the Burden of Proof on Causation: The One Who Creates Uncertainty Should Bear Its Burden
Authors: Peters Sara M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Wrongdoing does not only produce the harm that is the subject of a tort suit. It also necessarily produces uncertainty regarding what would have occurred without the wrongdoing. As a result, in proving causation, plaintiffs must overcome an information deficit that is not of their own making. From case to case, there is variation in the degree of uncertainty about causation, and in the extent to which that uncertainty is fairly attributable to the underlying tort. However, the degree of uncertainty tends to be high in cases where defendants failed to take reasonable precautions, since the plaintiff must construct, almost out of thin air, the counterfactual impact of the untaken precautions. Likewise, where underlying torts involve concealment or the failure to gather or seek information, the directly generate uncertainty. In such cases, where a defendant’s conduct substantially or directly generates uncertainty regarding causation, the burden of proof should be modified so that the uncertainty does not inure to the benefit of the wrongdoer. The impact of burden shifting in such scenarios would not be radical, costly, or harmful to the aims of justice. Causation, properly understood, is intended to be a minimum threshold requirement, wholly distinct from the negligence and scope-of-liability analyses. Relieving a plaintiff from the burden of proving causation would not relieve the plaintiff from proving negligence and proving that the negligence foreseeably gave rise to a risk of the harm that befell the plaintiff. The current allocation of the burden of proof on causation produces results that are intuitively and strikingly unjust. Courts should be more ready to shift the burden of proof to the wrongdoer.
Weak solutions and optimal controls of stochastic fractional reaction-diffusion systems
Authors: Fu Yongqiang , Yan Lixu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate a class of nonlinear stochastic reaction-diffusion systems involving fractional Laplacian in a bounded domain. First, the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions are proved by using Galërkin’s method. Second, the existence of optimal controls for the corresponding stochastic optimal control problem is obtained. Finally, several examples are provided to demonstrate the theoretical results.
Clinical characterization of chromosome 5q21.1–21.3 microduplication: A case report
Authors: Chen Shuang , Yu Yang , Zhang Han , Li Leilei , Jiang Yuting , Liu Ruizhi , Zhang Hongguo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chromosomal microdeletions and microduplications likely represent the main genetic etiologies for children with developmental delay or intellectual disability. Through prenatal chromosomal microarray analysis, some microdeletions or microduplications can be detected before birth to avoid unnecessary abortions or birth defects. Although some microdeletions or microduplications of chromosome 5 have been reported, numerous microduplications remain undescribed. We describe herein a case of a 30-year-old woman carrying a fetus with a chromosome 5q21.1–q21.3 microduplication. Because noninvasive prenatal testing indicated a fetal chromosome 5 abnormality, the patient underwent amniocentesis at 22 weeks 4 days of gestation. Karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis were performed on amniotic fluid cells. Fetal behavioral and structural abnormalities were assessed by color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound. Clinical characteristics of the newborn were assessed during the follow-up. The left lateral ventricle appeared widened on ultrasound, but the infant appeared normal at birth. The 5q21.1–q21.3 microduplication in the fetus was inherited from his mother. There are seven genes in this duplication region, but their main functions are unclear. According to this case report, microduplication in this region could represent a benign mutation. Clinicians should pay attention to the breakpoints and the genes involved when counseling patients with microdeletions and microduplications.
Leidendes Leder und klagende Münze: Die Sinne der kleinen Dinge in Hans Sachs’ ‚Die ellend klagent roßhaut‘ (1557) und ‚Von dem verlornen redenten gülden‘ (1553)
Authors: Bildhauer Bettina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article examines two short narratives by Hans Sachs, ‘Of the Lost Talking Gulden’ (1553) and ‘The Poor Complaining Horse Hide’ (1557), as early ‘it-narratives’ that feature material things as their narrators, focalisers and protagonists: a gulden coin, and a horse hide that is then made into a shoe respectively. The small size of these things and their interaction with humans here works not to make them accessible for human handling, but allows them to provide a macro- and a micro-perspective on human society as an alternative to the normal anthropocentric view of sensory perceptions.
Redefining Forro as a marker of identity: Language contact as a driving force for language maintenance among Santomeans in Portugal
Authors: Bouchard Marie-Eve 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn São Tomé and Príncipe, the language shift toward Portuguese is resulting in the endangerment of the native creoles of the island. These languages have been considered of low value in Santomean society since the mid-twentieth century. But when Santomeans are members of a diaspora, their perceptions of these languages, especially Forro, change in terms of value and identity-marking. It is possible to observe such changes among the Santomeans who learn Forro when they are abroad, who use it as an in-group code, and start to value it more. In this article, I address the role of language contact in the maintenance and expansion of Forro. I investigate the mechanisms of language maintenance by focusing on the shifts in community members’ attitudes and beliefs regarding their languages, as a result of contact. The changing attitudes and beliefs have led to a redefinition of the role of Forro in the speech community. This qualitative study is based on semistructured interviews conducted on São Tomé Island and in Portugal. Findings suggest that the change in value attributed to Forro by Santomeans as a result of contact contribute to the valorization of the language.
Preparation and crystal structure of a cationic olefin polymerization precatalyst: (1,7-bis(2,6–dichlorophenyl)-1,7-di-aza-4-oxo-heptan-1,4,7-triyl)dimethyl zirconium(IV), C18H20Cl4N2OZr
Authors: Bonitatibus Peter J. , Reiss Guido J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
C18H20Cl4N2OZr, monoclinic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 12.457(3) Å, b = 22.806(8) Å, c = 7.398(2) Å, V = 2101.7(11) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0291, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0685, T = 110 K.
Improved strength properties of LVL glued using PVAc adhesives with physical treatment-based Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis)
Authors: Sutrisno  , Alamsyah Eka Mulya , Gumilar Ginanjar , Tanaka Takashi , Yamada Masaaki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The properties of the laminated veneer lumber (LVL) composed of the boiled veneer of Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) using polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesives in various cold-pressing time and various conditioned time with loaded and unloaded were studied. Five-ply LVL was produced by boiling veneer at 100°C for 90 min as pretreatment and cold-pressing time at 12 kgf cm−2 for 1.5, 6, 18, and 24 h then conditioned at 20°C and 65% relative humidity (RH) with loaded (12 kgf cm−2) and unloaded for 7 days as physical treatment. Especially for the delamination test, the specimens were immersed at 70 ± 3°C for 2 h and dried in the oven at 60 ± 3°C for 24 h; then, the specimens were solidified at room temperature (20°C and 65% RH) with loaded (12 kgf cm−2) and unloaded for 7, 10, 12, and 14 days. To determine the performance of LVL, the density, moisture content (MC), delamination, modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), horizontal shear strength, and formaldehyde emission tests were conducted according to the Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS 2008) for structural LVL. The MOE and MOR values were significantly influenced by the physical treatment, however, neither to horizontal shear strength nor to formaldehyde emission. The best performance of LVL has resulted from unloaded LVL with cold-pressed time for 18 h; the MOE and MOR values were 9,345.05 ± 141.61 N mm−2 and 80.67 ± 1.77 N mm−2, respectively. The best value of the horizontal shear strength was obtained from the LVL with 18 h cold-pressing time and conditioned with loaded (13.10 ± 1.47 N mm−2) and unloaded (12.23 ± 1.36 N mm−2). The percentage of delamination values decreased with an increase in the cold-pressing time and conditioning time. The lowest value of delamination (19.06%) was obtained from the LVL with 24 h cold-pressing time and conditioned with loaded for 14 days. Except the delamination test, all other properties fulfilled the JAS.
Ein interpoliertes Textstück im neunten Kapitel der Aristotelischen Hermeneutik
Authors: Weidemann Hermann 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The section 18b16–⁠25 of the famous chapter 9 of Aristotle’s De interpretatione presents two objections against the assumption that both members of a contradictory pair of future singular statements might be false. This section is unlikely to be genuine, because (1) the first objection is either directly begging the question or misusing a previous argument in a question-begging way, (2) the second objection includes irrelevant observations, and (3) the rebuttal of the said assumption interrupts the intimate connection between the immediately preceding and following sections.
Physiokratische Fiktionen
Authors: Meid Christopher 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article presents and discusses the reception of physiocratic thoughts in German literary texts of the Enlightenment. It shows how intensively authors such as Tscharner, Wieland and Klinger adapted physiocratic teachings and popularised them. It demonstrates how the perception of physiocratic argument changed during the years, especially in the context of the French Revolution.
»Eigentümlicher Denkzauber« und »die Aura der Begriffe«
Authors: Groß Pola 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article approaches Ludwik Fleck’s work from a literary perspective. It argues that Fleck is not only concerned with how scientific facts emerge, but, in accordance with his broader epistemology, with how different knowledges of reality emerge, through intra- and intercollective migrations of concepts and thoughts through different styles of thinking. Thus, in order to comprehend such cognitive traversal, interpretation, which I take to be suggested in Fleck’s work, is required. In this, I draw on the work of Andrzej Przyłębski and Dimitri Ginev, who see an implicit hermeneutics anticipated in Fleck’s work. These writings are supplemented and expanded by considering the concept of style, including Fleck’s own style, before examining what role literature, art, and language play in Fleck’s conception of thought style and thought collective. To this end, Fleck’s article »The Problem of Epistemology« from 1936, which has received little scholarly attention so far, is highlighted.
The extension of thixotropy of cement paste under vibration: a shear-vibration equivalent theory
Authors: Li Xiaotian , Gao Zhurui , Zhang Shengjun , Li Junshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The rheology of cement paste under vibration follows the transformation from Bingham model to Hershel-Bulkly model to Power-Law model. Most of the existing research is obtained through a large number of experiments in the data fitting process, and cannot express the time-varying characteristics of viscosity. Furthermore, thixotropy of cement paste is based on static experiment and cannot be applied under vibration. In this paper a shear-vibration equivalent theory is proposed, which consider the effect of vibration is the same as the shear effect on the viscosity change of cement paste. Combining vibrational shear equivalent theory and HI theory, the rheological changes of cement paste under vibration are obtained through numerical simulation. This theory has been verified by a series of experiments with numerical simulations, and can be used to study the rheology of concrete under vibration.
Halogen bonding in crystals of free 1,2-diiodo-ethene (C2H2I2) and its π-complex [CpMn(CO)2](π-C2H2I2)
Authors: Torubaev Yury V. , Skabitsky Ivan V. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
1,2-trans-diiodo-ethene (C2H2I2) – is an overlooked halogen bond donor, which demonstrate the distinct similarity of the geometry and directionality of I···I halogen bonds around the iodine atoms in its native and CpMn(CO)2(C2H2I2) π-complex crystals. Distortion of the planar geometry of C2H2I2 upon the π-coordination result the distortion of the native planar layered geometry of C2H2I2, so that [CpMn(CO)2](π-C2H2I2) features more complex I···I XB assisted 3D network. Unusual structural parallels between the native C2H2I2 crystals and solid iodine are discussed.
Book Review: Civil Society and Social Movements in Food System Governance, Peter Andrée, Jill K. Clark, Charles Z. Levkoe, and Kristen Lowitt, Eds. London and New York: Routledge.
Authors: Price Mindy Jewell 
Published: November 2020

Book review of Civil Society and Social Movements in Food System Governance, Peter Andrée, Jill K. Clark, Charles Z. Levkoe, and Kristen Lowitt, Eds. London and New York: Routledge.
It is easy to be discouraged by the ecological damages and social inequities caused by the contemporary food regime. Yet editors Peter Andrée, Jill Clark, Charles Levkoe and Kristen Lowitt resist this temptation. While many scholars focus on critiques of food systems, this collection draws attention to co-governance arrangements that contribute to greater equity and sustainability in food systems.
НОВИЙ ПОГЛЯД НА РЕКОНСТРУКЦІЮ ПОЧАТКОВОГО ВИГЛЯДУ ТРОЇЦЬКОЇ НАДБРАМНОЇ ЦЕРКВИ КИЄВО-ПЕЧЕРСЬКОЇ ЛАВРИ
Authors: Лук'янченко Вадим 
Published: November 2020

Вивчення будівельної еволюції Троїцької надбрамної церкви Києво-Печерської лаври охоплює багато важливих аспектів, що потребують серйозних архітектурних, археологічних та бібліографічних досліджень. Насамперед це виявлення і аналіз фактів, які б могли відповісти на питання про час її будівництва та початкове функціональне призначення. Висновки та припущення, подані в статті, вперше ґрунтуються не тільки на матеріалах із літературних та графічних джерел, а насамперед на натурних дослідженнях та візуальному обстеженні Троїцької надбрамної церкви. Спираючись на матеріали наукових архітектурних та археологічних досліджень, аналізуючи результати візуального обстеження, автор доходить висновку, що початково Троїцька надбрамна церква будувалася у єдиній оборонній лінії Печерського монастиря, як захисна споруда. Вона поєднувала в собі дві функції: культову і оборонну. Спочатку до неї підходила оборонна стіна у вигляді стовп’я, яку у другій половині ХІІ ст. було замінено на кам’яний мур. Саме з бойового рівня цих оборонних стін початково здійснювався вихід на другий оборонний поверх захисної башти над головною проїзною монастирською брамою. Спираючись на виявлені під час натурних досліджень беззаперечні факти (залишки будівельних конструкцій, їх конфігурацію та розташування), автор стверджує, що початково Троїцька надбрамна церква будувалася як оборонна триповерхова башта. На першому поверсі башти, в її центральній частині був проїзд, а у бокових частинах – господарські приміщення та оборонні бойові настили для захисту монастиря під час облоги. Другий поверх сполучався з бойовими рівнями прилеглих захисних монастирських стін та третім бойовим поверхом башти. Перекриття над другим поверхом башти – плоскі дерев’яні по дерев’яних балках та цегляних арках. На обстеження стін із метою пошуку початкових гнізд від дерев’яного перекриття між імовірними другим і третім початковими поверхами. третьому поверсі башти розташовувалася маленька Троїцька церква. Церква мала один неф і одну апсиду. У статті представлені гіпотетичні реконструкції планів поверхів, загальних виглядів фасадів та розрізів Троїцької надбрамної церкви на початковий будівельний період. Зважаючи на неможливість застосування традиційних методів наукових архітектурних натурних досліджень безпосередньо в інтер’єрі Троїцької церкви, автор пропонує застосувати прилади георадарної зйомки для обстеження стін із метою пошуку початкових гнізд від дерев’яного перекриття між імовірними другим і третім початковими поверхами.
Skin care physicians insight on epidemiological patterns, diagnosis and treatment modalities for female pattern hair loss
Authors: Kilaru Krishna Rajesh , Attada Suhasini , Munnangi Pooja , Kilaru Manogna Chowdary 
Published: November 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is a common cause of hair loss in women characterized by a diffuse reduction in hair density over the crown and frontal scalp with retention of the frontal hairline. The underlying pathophysiology is multifactorial. There are no universally agreed treatment guidelines available. The objective of the study was to understand the diagnosis and treatment pattern of female pattern hair loss and the role of minoxidil topical formulation and its combination in the management of FPHL.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>Predesigned questionnaire on FPHL was prepared based on review of literature and was filled by 80 consultant dermatologists. Recorded data was statistically analyzed.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>Common age of onset of FPHL was between 20 to 30 years. Majority (96.25%) have reported FPHL in association with psychological morbidity. The most preferred treatment in mild and severe FPHL was minoxidil 5% and platelet rich plasma (PRP) plus minoxidil respectively. Most dermatologists (47.5%) treated with minoxidil for over 6 months. Majority (27.5%) reported flaking as the most common side effect with minoxidil followed by dryness, scalp irritation and itching. Majority (27.5%) observed that long treatment duration was contributing to non-compliance followed by medication cost and side effects. Majority of the dermatologists (90%) felt the need for treatment guidelines in the current Indian scenario.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Minoxidil was the most common preferred treatment for mild and severe FPHL. PRP is the most common choice of combination therapy with minoxidil. Minimizing side effects, patient education and universal treatment guidelines can help manage FPHL better. </p>