bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchronous improvement in thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of Al–7Si–0.6Fe–0.5Zn cast alloy by B/La/Sr composite modification
Authors: Gan Junqi , Huang Yujian , Du Jun , Wen Cheng , Liu Jing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the effects of four modification processes (B, Sr, B/Sr and B/La/Sr modification process) on the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of base alloy (Al–7Si–0.6Fe–0.5Zn) were systematically studied. Compared with the base alloy, different modification processes could synchronously improve the thermal conductivity and integrated mechanical properties by different degree. The synchronous improvement of B/0.15La/Sr composite modified alloy was the highest among all modified alloys, and the increasing rate of thermal conductivity, elongation and UTS were 25.6%, 150.2% and 26.8%, respectively. The microstructure variation was the main reason for the synchronous improvement in thermal conductivity and integrated mechanical properties. Especially, the morphology variation of the eutectic Si phases from flak to fiber could significantly improve the thermal conductivity and integrated mechanical properties.
Design and fabrication of an electrothermal MEMS micro-actuator with 3D printing technology
Authors: Ulkir O 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study presents the design and fabrication results of an electrothermal micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) actuator. Unlike traditional one-directional U-shaped actuators, this bi-directional electrothermal (BET) micro-actuator can produce displacements in two directions as a single device. The BET micro-actuator was fabricated using two-photon polymerization (2PP) and digital light processing (DLP) methods, which are 3D printing techniques. These methods have been compared to see the success of BET micro-actuator fabrication. The compound of these methods and the essential coefficients through the 3D printing operation were applied. Evaluation experiments have demonstrated that in both methods, the 3D printer can print materials smaller than 95.7 μm size features. Though the same design was used for the 2PP and DLP methods, the supporting structures were not produced with the 2PP. The BET micro-actuator was manufactured by removing the supports from the original design in the 2PP. The number of supports, the diameter, and height on the arms of the micro-actuator is 18, 4 μm, and 6 μm, respectively. Although 4 μm diameter supports could be produced with the DLP, it was not possible to produce them with 3D printing device based on 2PP. Besides, the DLP was found to be better than the 2PP for the manufacturing of asymmetrical support structures. The fabrication process has been carried out successfully by two methods. When the fabrication success is compared, the surface quality and fabrication speed of the micro-actuator fabricated with DLP is better than the 2PP. Presented results show the efficiency of the 3D printing technology and the simplicity of fabrication of the micro-actuator via 2PP and DLP. An experimental study was carried out to characterize the relationship between displacement and input voltage for the micro-actuator. Experimental results show that the displacement range of the micro-actuator is 8 μm with DLP, while 6 μm with 2PP.
In the beginning … Myth and meaning in world music
Authors: Bohlman Philip V. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
‘In the beginning … Myth and meaning in world music’ looks at world music’s real and imagined beginnings. These origins are documented in European missionaries’ observations of indigenous peoples and represented by the first musicians in religious and philosophical writings. Ideas about music in different cultures may be irreconcilable, and some have no word for music at all. Ethnomusicologists like Charles Seeger explored the problem of using words to describe music, although words may not properly convey it. Today’s world music stars bring the past into the present through performance, reliving the moment of encounter and discovery in collaborations spanning the globe.
Philosophy in wartime
Authors: Gaukroger Stephen , Peden Knox 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the early twentieth century, German philosophers like Husserl founded theories of phenomenology. ‘Philosophy in wartime: phenomenology and existentialism’ looks at initial adopters in France, some of whom were then quickly gripped by existentialism and structuralism through translations of Heidegger. The leading lights of mid-twentieth-century philosophy—Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty—explored our place in the world. To what extent are humans the product of traditions and socio-cultural practices? In the 1960s, philosophy moved towards approaches to political, social, and scientific problems that challenged the popular humanism of Sartre’s doctrines.
Towards multi-omics characterization of tumor heterogeneity: a comprehensive review of statistical and machine learning approaches
Authors: Lee Dohoon , Park Youngjune , Kim Sun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe multi-omics molecular characterization of cancer opened a new horizon for our understanding of cancer biology and therapeutic strategies. However, a tumor biopsy comprises diverse types of cells limited not only to cancerous cells but also to tumor microenvironmental cells and adjacent normal cells. This heterogeneity is a major confounding factor that hampers a robust and reproducible bioinformatic analysis for biomarker identification using multi-omics profiles. Besides, the heterogeneity itself has been recognized over the years for its significant prognostic values in some cancer types, thus offering another promising avenue for therapeutic intervention. A number of computational approaches to unravel such heterogeneity from high-throughput molecular profiles of a tumor sample have been proposed, but most of them rely on the data from an individual omics layer. Since the heterogeneity of cells is widely distributed across multi-omics layers, methods based on an individual layer can only partially characterize the heterogeneous admixture of cells. To help facilitate further development of the methodologies that synchronously account for several multi-omics profiles, we wrote a comprehensive review of diverse approaches to characterize tumor heterogeneity based on three different omics layers: genome, epigenome and transcriptome. As a result, this review can be useful for the analysis of multi-omics profiles produced by many large-scale consortia. Contact:sunkim.bioinfo@snu.ac.kr
Dream: powerful differential expression analysis for repeated measures designs
Authors: Hoffman Gabriel E , Roussos Panos 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Summary
Large-scale transcriptome studies with multiple samples per individual are widely used to study disease biology. Yet, current methods for differential expression are inadequate for cross-individual testing for these repeated measures designs. Most problematic, we observe across multiple datasets that current methods can give reproducible false-positive findings that are driven by genetic regulation of gene expression, yet are unrelated to the trait of interest. Here, we introduce a statistical software package, dream, that increases power, controls the false positive rate, enables multiple types of hypothesis tests, and integrates with standard workflows. In 12 analyses in 6 independent datasets, dream yields biological insight not found with existing software while addressing the issue of reproducible false-positive findings.

Availability and implementation
Dream is available within the variancePartition Bioconductor package at http://bioconductor.org/packages/variancePartition.

Contact
gabriel.hoffman@mssm.edu

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Asynchrony of actuarial and reproductive senescence: a lesson from an indeterminate grower
Authors: Cayuela Hugo , Lemaître Jean-François , Rugiero Lorenzo , Capula Massimo , Luiselli Luca 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEvolutionary theories relating to aging predict that patterns of actuarial and reproductive senescence should be aligned, with a common onset of senescence set at the age of first reproduction. However, a few empirical studies reported asynchrony between actuarial and reproductive senescence. This asynchrony is expected to be particularly pronounced in organisms with indeterminate growth. Yet, this process is still poorly documented due to the lack of long-term demographic data on known-aged individuals. We investigated the asynchrony of actuarial and reproductive senescence in the European whip snake, Hierophis viridiflavus, an oviparous colubrid with indeterminate growth. Using demographic data collected over a 29-year period, we showed that females did not experience any fecundity loss late in life. In contrast, they suffered from an early, severe actuarial senescence. Our findings thus revealed a pronounced asynchrony in actuarial and reproductive senescence processes, a phenomenon that could be widespread across the tree of life.
Vulnerabilities and Inequalities Experienced by Women in the Climate Change Discourse in South Africa’s Rural Communities: Implications for Social Work
Authors: Nyahunda Louis , Makhubele Jabulani Calvin , Mabvurira Vincent , Matlakala Frans Koketso 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Women’s vulnerability to climate-induced shocks hinges on a high dependence on climate-sensitive livelihoods and a natural resource base aggravated by the acute inequalities that they experience due to patriarchal dominance. This article’s purpose is to unpack the vulnerabilities and inequalities that rural women experience in the climate change terrain which necessitates the involvement of the social work profession. This study adopted a qualitative methodology guided by a multi-case study design. A sample of twenty-five participants, including community members and social workers, participated in the study. These participants were selected through simple purposive and convenient sampling techniques. Data were collected using focus group discussions and individual interviews. The thematic content analysis was followed to analyse the findings. The study established that rural women are impacted by various vulnerabilities and inequalities in the climate change discourse, which serve as barriers to their effective adaptation. The vulnerabilities and inequalities manifest through lack of land and property rights, discrimination from decision-making processes, poverty and lack of adequate knowledge about climate change mitigation and adaptation. Social work involvement to address these catastrophes is scant in the Vhembe district in Limpopo province, South Africa. The study recommends that all climate change interventions should put an end to inequalities women experience in order for them to be effective and social workers should be at the frontline of such initiative.
Combination of once-weekly haemodialysis with peritoneal dialysis is associated with lower mortality compared with peritoneal dialysis alone: a longitudinal study
Authors: Murashima Miho , Hamano Takayuki , Abe Masanori , Masakane Ikuto 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Approximately 20% of patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) in Japan are on combination with once-weekly haemodialysis (HD). This study aimed to compare outcomes of combination therapy and PD alone.

Methods
This longitudinal study on the Japanese Renal Data Registry included patients on PD from 2010 to 2014. Subjects were followed until the end of 2015. Exposure of interest was combination therapy compared with PD alone. Outcomes were complete transition to HD, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular (CV) mortality and congestive heart failure (CHF)-related mortality. Patients who initiated combination therapy were matched with those on PD alone by propensity scores. Data were analysed using Cox regression models.

Results
Among the matched cohort, 608 patients were on combination therapy and 869 were on PD alone. Decline in body weight and residual renal function was more prominent in the combination therapy group. During a median follow-up of 2.5 years, 224 deaths occurred. All-cause mortality {hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] 0.56 (0.42–0.75)}, CV mortality [HR 0.48 (0.32–0.72)] and CHF-related mortality [HR 0.19 (0.07–0.55)] were significantly lower, but complete transition to HD was significantly earlier [HR 1.72 (1.45–2.03)] in the combination therapy group. Sensitivity analyses considering the effects of dialysis facilities yielded similar results. Assuming causality, numbers needed to treat to prevent one death per year were 34 patients.

Conclusions
Combination therapy was associated with lower all-cause mortality, CV mortality and CHF-related mortality, but earlier transition to HD compared with PD alone, which might be due to better fluid removal by HD.
The Influence of Marking Methods on Mobility, Survivorship, and Field Recovery of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Adults and Nymphs
Authors: Kirkpatrick Danielle M , Rice Kevin B , Ibrahim Aya , Fleischer Shelby J , Tooker John F , Tabb Amy , Medeiros Henry , Morrison William R , Leskey Tracy C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Halyomorpha halys (Stål), the brown marmorated stink bug, is an invasive and highly polyphagous insect that has caused serious economic injury to specialty and row crops in the United States and Europe. Here, we evaluated the effects of marking adult and nymphal H. halys with four different colors of fluorescent powder (Blaze Orange, Corona Pink, Horizon Blue, and Signal Green) on mobility and survivorship in laboratory bioassays. Adults and nymphs were marked using liquified fluorescent powder solutions and allowed to dry prior to bioassay. The presence of the marking solution had no significant effects on adult or nymphal mobility, adult survivorship, nymphal development, or adult flight capacity. We also evaluated the persistence of neon marker applied to the pronotum of H. halys adults and found this technique remained detectable for 2 wk under field conditions. Although both marking techniques are inexpensive, persist for ≥1 wk, and do not affect mortality, the neon marker method is more time-consuming, taking ~12 times longer to mark 50 adult H. halys compared with the liquified fluorescent powders. Thus, we would recommend using fluorescent powders for large-scale mark-release-recapture studies.
Impact of opioids on P2Y12 receptor inhibition in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction who are pre-treated with crushed ticagrelor: Opioids aNd crushed Ticagrelor In Myocardial infarction Evaluation (ON-TIME 3) trial
Authors: Tavenier Anne H , Hermanides Renicus S , Ottervanger Jan Paul , Tolsma Rudolf , van Beurden Antony , Slingerland Robbert Jan , ter Horst Peter G J , Gosselink A T Marcel , Dambrink Jan-Henk E , van Leeuwen Maarten A H , Roolvink Vincent , Kedhi Elvin , Klungel Olaf H , Belitser Svetlana V , Angiolillo Dominick J , Pustjens Tobias , Rasoul Saman , Gho Ben , Stein Mera , Ruiters Lex , van ‘t Hof Arnoud W J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
Platelet inhibition induced by P2Y12 receptor antagonists in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) can be affected by concomitant use of opioids. The aim of this trial was to examine the effect of intravenous (iv) acetaminophen compared with iv fentanyl on P2Y12 receptor inhibition in patients with STEMI.

Methods and results
The Opioids aNd crushed Ticagrelor In Myocardial infarction Evaluation (ON-TIME 3) trial randomized 195 STEMI patients who were scheduled to undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and were pre-treated with crushed ticagrelor to iv acetaminophen (N = 98) or iv fentanyl (N = 97) in the ambulance. The primary endpoint, consisting of the level of platelet reactivity units (PRU) measured immediately after primary PCI, was not significantly different between the study arms [median PRU 104 (IQR 37–215) vs. 175 (63–228), P = 0.18]. However, systemic levels of ticagrelor were significantly higher in the acetaminophen arm at the start of primary PCI [151 ng/mL (32–509) vs. 60 ng/mL (13–206), P = 0.007], immediately after primary PCI [326 ng/mL (94–791) vs. 115 ng/mL (38–326), P = 0.002], and at 1 h after primary PCI [488 ng/mL (281–974) vs. 372 ng/mL (95–635), P = 0.002]. Acetaminophen resulted in the same extent of pain relief when compared with fentanyl [reduction of 3 points on 10-step-pain scale before primary PCI (IQR 1–5)] in both study arms (P = 0.67) and immediately after PCI [reduction of 5 points (3–7); P = 0.96].

Conclusion
The iv acetaminophen in comparison with iv fentanyl was not associated with significantly lower platelet reactivity in STEMI patients but resulted in significantly higher ticagrelor plasma levels and was effective in pain relief.
Crossing borders: the making of France’s eastern frontier in Alsace, 1918–1939
Authors: Carrol Alison 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article traces the emergence of the border regime on France’s eastern frontier after 1918. Following the Treaty of Versailles, the Franco-German boundary moved to accommodate the return of the ‘lost provinces’ Alsace-Lorraine to France, and throughout the interwar years contemporaries viewed this border as one of the most strategically and symbolically important boundaries on the European continent. It was, on the one hand, France’s defensive limits, while, on the other, it was a meeting point between distinct national communities, who shared a language and culture. This border thus became a site that reflected broader fears and concerns, as worries over Alsace’s integration in the 1920s gave way to anxieties about the threat posed by Nazi Germany in the 1930s. By focusing upon the border, this article reveals that the return of Alsace involved negotiation both between centre and periphery and across the frontier, and sheds light on the growing insecurities of the Third Republic in its final two decades.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Intranasal Neuropeptide Y in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Mathé Aleksander A , Michaneck Miranda , Berg Elisabeth , Charney Dennis S , Murrough James W 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Since about one-third of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond adequately to available antidepressants, there is a need for treatments based on novel mechanisms of action. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a normal brain constituent, is reduced in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with MDD and post-traumatic stress disorder and in corresponding rodent models. Moreover, NPY administered centrally or intranasally rescues pathophysiology in these models. Consequently, we conducted the first, to our knowledge, controlled trial of NPY as a treatment for MDD.

Methods
Thirty MDD patients on a stable dose of a conventional antidepressant insufflated 6.8 mg NPY (n = 12) or placebo (n = 18) in a double blind randomized fashion. Effects were assessed at baseline, +1 hour, +5 hours, +24 hours, and +48 hours. The primary outcome was change in depression severity measured with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).

Results
NPY was superior to placebo at +24 hours (change −10.3 [95% CI: −13.8; −6.8]) vs −5.6 (95% CI: −8.4; −2.7); group*time F = 3.26, DF = (1,28), P = .04; Cohen’s d = 0.67). At +5 hours MADRS decreased −7.1 ([95% CI: −10.0; −4.2] vs −3.5 [95% CI: −5.8; −1.2]; group*time F = 2.69, DF = (1,28), P = .05; Cohen’s d = 0.61). MADRS reduction at +48 hours was not significant.

Conclusions
Since no results regarding the trajectory of NPY effects existed prior to this study we extrapolated from the known NPY biology and predicted the effects will occur 5–48 hours post insufflation. We chose +48 hours as the primary endpoint and +1, +5, and +24 hours as secondary endpoints. The results, the first of their kind, indicate that insufflated NPY is antidepressant, despite not meeting the primary outcome, and call for dose ranging and repeated NPY insufflation trials.

Clinical Trial Registration
EudraCT Number: 2014-000129-19.
Simple model of atherosclerosis in cylindrical arteries: impact of anisotropic growth on Glagov remodeling
Authors: Mohammad Mirzaei Navid , Fok Pak-Wing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In 1987, Seymour Glagov observed that arteries went through a two-stage remodeling process as a result of plaque growth: first, a compensatory phase where the lumen area remains approximately constant and second, an encroachment phase where the lumen area decreases over time. In this paper, we investigate the effect of growth anisotropy on Glagov remodeling in five different cases: pure radial, pure circumferential, pure axial, isotropic and general anisotropic growth where the elements of the growth tensor are chosen to minimize the total energy. We suggest that the nature of anisotropy is inclined towards the growth direction that requires the least amount of energy. Our framework is the theory of morphoelasticity on an axisymmetric arterial domain. For each case, we explore their specific effect on the Glagov curves. For the latter two cases, we also provide the changes in collagen fiber orientation and length in the intima, media and adventitia. In addition, we compare the total energy produced by growth in radial, circumferential and axial direction and deduce that using a radially dominant anisotropic growth leads to lower strain energy than isotropic growth.
A Global Perspective on Screening
Authors: Pollack Erica B , Mollura Daniel R , Chong Alice , Harvey Susan C , Scheel John R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Breast cancer is emerging as a major global public health problem. Incidence and mortality continues to rise in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A significant and growing disparity exists between high-income countries and LMICs in the availability of screening services and associated preventable mortality. However, population imaging-based screening programs are not appropriate for all settings. Planners should perform a thorough assessment of the target setting prior to implementing any breast cancer detection program, as appropriate guidelines vary according to the resources available. Financial, social, and cultural barriers to breast cancer care need to be addressed to sustainably improve the morbidity and mortality of the populations and make efficient use of available services. Creative approaches, such as mobile and portable imaging and bundling of services, can facilitate the installation of early breast cancer detection programs in LMICs. While image-based screening programs are not initially resource-appropriate in many LMICs, planners can work towards this goal as part of their comprehensive breast cancer detection strategy.