bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cayenne Pepper Addition on Physicochemical, Microbiological and Sensory Properties of Drinkable Yoghurt-Ayran
Authors: Akcay Furkan , Besir Aysegul , Yazici Fehmi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cayenne peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) were incorporated to ayran aiming to obtain a health promoting ayran with different flavour. The effects on the physico-chemical characteristics, antioxidant and phenolic capacity, counts of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, yeast, moulds and coliforms, sensory and volatile compounds analysis were performed. Ayran samples with powdered peppers had significantly higher antioxidant and total phenolic contents than the ayrans with sliced pepper. Pepper addition increased Lactobacillus and Streptococcus counts compared to control ayrans. The dominant bacteria during the storage period (7.61-8.88 log CFU/ml) was Streptococcus. Panelists rated flavour, texture, appearance and color properties of ayran samples with sliced pepper similar to control samples. Ayran samples with 15% sliced peppers had the maximum overall scores.
Comparative Analysis of Selected Physicochemical and Textural Properties of Bread Substitutes
Authors: Michalak-Majewska Monika , Muszyński Siemowit , Sołowiej Bartosz , Radzki Wojciech , Gustaw Waldemar , Skrzypczak Katarzyna , Stanikowski Piotr 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the present study, the physicochemical, textural and sensorial properties of crackerbread (made from rye, maize and wheat flour) and rice waffles, the most popular on the Polish market bread substitutes, were determined. It was shown that values of several mechanical properties of rice waffles, including ultimate fracture force, strain and stress differed significantly from that of crackerbread. Texture profile analysis showed that the highest hardness and springiness was exhibited by rice waffles with sesame seeds and wheat-rye, respectively. The concentration of salt was the lowest in rice bread with sunflower. The most acceptable was the rice bread with sea salt (8.26 in a 9-point scale) and overall consumer acceptance of crispbreads was highly correlated with sensory attribute of saltiness.
Modifying Effects of Some Plant Hormones on Zucchini Cotyledons Subjected to High Temperature and Excess Copper
Authors: Stoynova-Bakalova Ekaterina , Ivanova Natalia , Bakalov Dimitar , Gigova Liliana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the potential beneficial effects of exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJa) and phenylurea cytokinin (4PU-30) on zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) cotyledons subjected to high temperature (HT) and combined HT plus excess copper (Cu2+) stress. Compared to HT stressed zucchini cotyledons, exposure to excess Cu2+ prior to HT treatment inhibited the growth, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities, increased glutathione-Stransferase (GST) and peroxidase (Px) total activities, and induced new enzyme isoforms (GST4, GST8, and Px4). The effect of MeJa on the double-stressed plants was to increase SOD, GPx and Px total activities and stimulate the activity of GST8, GST9, GST10, SOD5, Px3 and Px8 isoenzymes. In addition to SOD, GPx and Px, 4PU-30 increased GST total activity, up-regulated Px1 and GR1, and had a higher stimulatory effect on SOD5, Px3, GPx3, GST9 and GST10 activities. Copper, 4PU-30 and MeJa treatments changed the abundance and pattern (MeJa) of soluble zucchini polypeptides in a specific manner. MeJa and especially 4PU-30 applied alone, or in combination, stimulated the growth of later HT-treated cotyledons. 4PU-30 counteracted better than MeJa in the HT+heavy metal-caused inhibition of the growth. The data indicated that both MeJa and 4PU- 30 may protect the zucchini plants from high temperature and combined high temperature plus excess copper stress, but 4PU-30 was more effective; the protective effect was related to the changes in the gene expression, total antioxidant enzyme activities and the activity of individual isoforms of the enzymes.
QoS Enabled IoT Based Low Cost Air Quality Monitoring System with Power Consumption Optimization
Authors: Barot Virendra , Kapadia Viral , Pandya Sharnil 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Air pollution has emerged as a major concern of the current century. In recent times, fellow researchers have conducted numerous researches in the area of air quality monitoring. Still, air quality monitoring remains an open research area due to various challenges such as sophisticated topology design, privacy and security, power backup, large memory requirements and deployment of such systems at resource-constrained sites. The proposed research work is an attempt to address the issues of communication topology design, assessment of the Quality of Service (QoS) levels against accuracy, sensing throughput and power consumption optimization. In the undertaken work, the proposed IoT based Air Quality Monitoring system has been deployed at indoor and outdoor sites to measure air quality parameters such as PM10, PM2.5, carbon monoxide, temperature and humidity. The proposed system is also tested at variety of quality of service levels at the indoor and outdoor sites. The conducted experiments have also recorded accuracy in terms of reliable delivery of the messages under employed protocol.
Black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) colonization by macrofungi in the fourth season of its decline due to different control measures in the Kampinos national Park
Authors: Marciszewska Katarzyna , Szczepkowski Andrzej , Otręba Anna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The experiment conducted in the Kampinos National Park since 2015 was aimed at assessing the sprouting ability of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) in response to different measures of mechanical control and mycobiota colonizing the dying trees. Basal cut-stump, cutting at ca. 1 m above the ground and girdling were performed on 4 terms, two plots and applied to 25 trees, 600 trees in total. Sprouts were removed every 8 weeks since the initial treatment for 4 consecutive growing seasons, except winter-treated trees. At the end of the fourth season of control, 515 out of 600 trees were dead (86%): 81% on Lipków and 90% on Sieraków plot. Among 18 experiment variants with sprouts removal, 17 showed more than 80% of dead trees. The lowest, 76% share, concerned summer cut-stump at the base of the tree. For winter measures, the share of dead trees was lower in all cases and ranged from 28% to 64% proving that sprouts removal contributes to the drop of sprouting strength and quicker dying of the trees. Almost 80% of trees showed sporocarps that represented 51 taxa of macrofungi in total, including 6 Ascomycota and 45 Basidiomycota. The group of six most frequently encountered fungi includes: Hyphoderma setigerum, Bjerkandera adusta, Peniophora cinerea, Armillaria ostoyae, Nectria cinnabarina, Stereum hirsutum. Both plots had similar share of black cherry individuals with sporocarps of macrofungi, that is, 81% and 78% for Sieraków and Lipków respectively. The share of colonized trees and the number of reported macrofungal taxa increased significantly compared to the year following the treatment. In addition, the composition of macrofungi changed with the progressing dying of trees. These results broaden the knowledge about macroscopic fungi colonising and living on black cherry within its secondary range of distribution. Moreover, one macrofungus and two microfungi new for KNP are reported.
Micronucleus Assay in Environmental Biomonitoring
Authors: Michalová V. , Galdíková M. , Holečková B. , Koleničová S. , Schwarzbacherová V. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nowadays many chemicals are widely used in agriculture to ensure high crop yields or in veterinary/human medicine to cure diseases. After their improper usage they may contaminate the environment, persist in it and adversely affect both the target and/or the non-target organisms. One of the ways to detect the occurrence of chemicals in the environment is to assess their impact on aquatic and farm animals; both are directly or indirectly exposed via their feed and water. The micronucleus assay is a standardly used cytogenetic test for the simultaneous detection of clastogenic and aneugenic agents. Additionally, cytotoxic effects are also assessed by analysing the proliferation changes using the cytokinesis-blocked proliferation index. The occurrence of micronuclei is analysed in many types of cells like the peripheral blood cells, bone marrow or cell lines according to standards for micronuclei detection. The analysis of published results has shown that the micronucleus assay is, together with the chromosomal aberration test, one of the most often used test in genotoxicity assessment. Its results have contributed to reassessing the use of multiple chemicals available on the market. Moreover, it is a compulsory test before approving the chemical/ pesticide for the market.
Evaluation and Quality Assurance of teaching: the Evaluation Board in the AVA Process
Authors: Ghiazza Emanuela , Salviati Luca 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this article, we introduce the Evaluation Board (EB-NdV) task in the AVA system (Accreditamento, Valutazione e Auto-valutazione). The AVA was implemented in 2013 in the Italian University System according to the document called “European Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG)”. The ENQA’s guidelines (2005) provide for the construction of a common European area dedicated to university and post-university. In the University, the three main actors involved in the Quality Assurance (QA) system are the Evaluation Board (Nucleo di Valutazione, EB-NdV), the University Quality Board (PQ) and the Joint Student-Teacher Commission (CP). The EB-NdV has documented functions of evaluation and monitoring of the QA system, designed by the PQ following the strategic guidelines of the governing bodies of the university institution. The EB-NdV works as Independent Assessment Body (OIV) too. This task regards the assessment procedures concerning structures and human resources dedicated to the administrative support of the core activities of the universities. The EB-NdV draws up an Annual Report related to the AVA system. In conclusion the EB-NdV evaluates the QA system of the University in its entirety and in all its aspects. Moreover, the EB-NdV evaluates the relationships between the University Quality Board and the Joint Student-Teacher Commission (CP).
Whatever happened to sin? An examination of the word and concept in contemporary popular culture
Authors: Brand Hilary 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The concept of ‘sin’ is rarely expressed in today's popular culture. When the word does appear it is frequently in ironic quotation marks and often used in terms of ‘naughty but nice’, minor misdemeanours, something disapproved of, an outmoded Catholic shame culture, Islamic oppression or fundamentalist extremism. Rarely is it used in the way the Church understands it. By analysing the use of the word in recent news reports and examining its use and absence across the range of twenty-first-century media, this study draws some conclusions about how UK secular society understands the word. It then goes on to explore how some twentieth-century cultural changes have impacted on its understanding, and concludes with some observations on how twenty-first-century Western culture still senses the underlying problem and yearns for a way to express it.
Why four Gospels? Why only four?
Authors: Dunn James 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This is a transcript of the 2016 Fernley-Hartley Lecture, which was delivered during the 2016 British Methodist Conference at the Lambeth Mission, London, and is published here with acknowledgement to the Fernley-Hartley Trust. It stands largely unchanged from its first delivery in the hope that the texture and tone of the lecture might also be retained. The article argues that answering the questions ‘Why four Gospels?’ and ‘Why only four?’ provides a clear picture of the character of the gospel of Jesus as ‘the same yet different’, as well as a challenge to today’s Christians to retell the good news in their own contexts with equal or equivalent effect. The article discusses the context in which the four canonical Gospels were recognised, pointing out that the term ‘gospel’ was coined in the process. The distinctive emphases of the Synoptics and John show how the same story can be told differently, an essential restatement of the same message for new and changing audiences.
Profiling Methodist leadership
Authors: Francis Leslie , Stevenson Adam 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the similarities and dissimilarities between the psychological type and temperament profiles of Methodist local preachers and Methodist circuit ministers in the British Methodist Church. New data provided by 80 male and 62 female local preachers who completed the Francis Psychological Type Scales were compared with the profiles of 693 male and 311 female ministers published in 2010. The most important significant difference between the two groups concerns the higher proportions of the Epimethean Temperament (SJ) among both the male (69% compared with 44%) and female (66% compared with 43%) local preachers. The SJ temperament brings a more conservative and conserving approach to ministry.
‘Finish Then Thy New Creation’: God's Promise to Inherit the World
Authors: Works Carla Swafford 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In Romans 4:13, Paul characterizes God's promise to Abraham as the inheritance of the world. This promise, Paul argues, extends to Abraham's descendants, not according to the flesh, but to all who believe in the one who raised Jesus from the dead (Rom 4:25). What does it mean for believers to be heirs of God's promise to ‘inherit the world’? This article considers God's promise in light of the apostle's confidence in the reconciliation of the whole world and the renewal of creation, and also in the context of the hymns and sermons of Charles and John Wesley. The promise to inherit the world indicates that God has not abandoned God's creation, but is actively engaged in redeeming it. This article was originally presented as a paper at the 2018 Oxford Institute of Methodist Theological Studies.
Standard Making in Cytogenetics: the Manufacture, Circulation and Reproduction of Chromosome Images
Authors: Santesmases María Jesús 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The first reliable pattern of the human chromosome set was manufactured between the late 1950s and early 1960s. This paper will account for the historical background of such reliability, of the production of a reference, an image, the schematic figure – the ideogram – that represented what would from then on be held in the minds of medical practitioners and laboratory scientists of human cytogenetics as the cytological identity of being human. Human genetics as a history of images and the skills of drawing, making photo(micro) graphs and diagrams, developed through a reference drawn on the basis of the consensus reached by a small group of early human cytogeneticists in Denver in 1960. Schemes and idealizations, as well as the fully realistic transposition of the contours and interiors of each chromosome, participated in the emergence of a particular, specific and enduring way of representing the tiny parts of the cell where division began, and accounting for both the forms and function of chromosomes at the origins of medical genetics.
Comparison of Different Pollen Substitutes for the Feeding of Laboratory Reared Bumble Bee (Bombus Terrestris) Colonies
Authors: Bortolotti Laura , Pošćić Filip , Bogo Gherardo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In bumble bee colonies, pollen is the only protein source for larval feeding and its shortage causes a distress in larval development. Adult bumble bees need pollen for the development of glands and the reproductive system. In bumble bee rearing, honey bee collected pollen is used as the main protein source, either as fresh-frozen or dried pellets, and pollen provisioning is the most problematic and expensive aspect of mass rearing. In honey bee breeding, pollen substitutes are used during the period of food shortage or to stimulate colony strength. We tested different protein diets (five commercial pollen substitutes and two natural protein sources) for the maintenance of bumble bee colonies in captivity. We further mixed Feedbee®, one of the substitutes that gave the best results, with different amounts of pollen to evaluate the optimal amount needed for the whole colony development. Although none of the pure protein diets alone were adequate, diets with a 1 to 1 and 1 to 3 ratio of Feedbee to pollen were both suitable for colony development and queen production. The colony consumed between 2 and 4 g per day of the Feedbee mixed diets, corresponding to a protein consumption of 0.75–0.85 g day−1. Nevertheless, the consumption rate of the pure pollen showed that a mean amount of protein between 0.4 and 0.5 g day−1 was enough to allow colony development indicating the suitability of Feedbee mixed diets.
Biochemical Isolation and Characterization of Hyaluronidase Enzyme from Venom of Egyptian Honey Bee Apis Mellifera Lamarckii
Authors: Abdel-Monsef Mohammed M. , Zidan Hind A. , Darwish Doaa A. , Masoud Hassan M. , Helmy Mohamed S. , Ibrahim Mahmoud A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The hyaluronidase enzyme has been used in many such fields of medicine as ophthalmology, orthopaedia, internal medicine, gynecology, surgery, oncology and dermatology. In this study, the hyaluronidase enzyme was purified and characterized for the first time from Egyptian bee venom homogeneously using DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-300 columns. Bee venom hyaluronidase specific activity was 411.7 units/mg protein with 49.9% yield and 3.23-fold purification. The molecular weight of the purified bee venom hyaluronidase native form was 37 kDa. The purified enzyme was found homogeneous on native PAGE and SDS-PAGE, with two congruent subunits of 18.4 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) of 8.6–8.8. The enzyme was found to be stable over a wide range of temperature (20–60°C) and pH (4.5–6.5), and its optimum activity at 37°C, pH 5.4 and 0.15 M NaCl. K
m for bee venom hyaluronidase was 0.029 mg/ml hyaluronic acid and its activity was elevated in presence of MgCl2 and ZnCl2 and lowered in presence of FeCl2. Heparin inhibited the hyaluronidase enzyme noncompetitively with a Ki value of 2.9 units heparin and one binding site on the enzyme molecule.
Vulnerable Plaques Producing an Acute Coronary Syndrome Exhibit a Different CT Phenotype than Those That Remain Silent
Authors: Licu Răzvan-Andrei , Blîndu Emanuel , Opincariu Diana , Benedek Theodora 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background: All plaques that trigger acute coronary syndromes (ACS) present various characteristics of vulnerability. However, not all vulnerable plaques (VP) lead to an ACS. This raises the question as to which of the established CT vulnerability features hold the highest probability of developing ACS.

Aim: To identify the distinct phenotype of VP that exposes the unstable atheromatous plaque to a higher risk of rupture.

Material and Methods: In total, 20 patients in whom cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) identified the presence of a vulnerable plaque and who developed an ACS within 6 months after CCTA examination were enrolled in the study, and compared to 20 age- and gender-matched subjects with VPs who did not develop an ACS. All included patients presented VPs at baseline, defined as the presence of minimum 50% degree of stenosis and at least one CT marker of vulnerability (low attenuation plaques [LAP], napkin-ring sign [NRS], positive remodeling [PR], spotty calcifications [SCs]).

Results: The two groups were not different in regards to age, gender, cardiovascular risk factors, and comorbidities. Patients who developed an ACS at six months presented higher volumes of lipid-rich (p = 0.01) and calcified plaques (p = 0.01), while subjects in the control group presented plaques with a larger fibrotic content (p = 0.0005). The most frequent vulnerability markers within VPs that had triggered ACS were LAPs (p <0.0001) and PR (p <0.0001). Multivariate analysis identified LAP as the strongest independent predictor of ACS at 6 months in our study population (OR 8.18 [1.23-95.08], p = 0.04).

Conclusions: VPs producing an ACS exhibit a different phenotype compared to VPs that remain silent. The CCTA profile of VPs producing an ACS includes the presence of low attenuation, positive remodeling, and lipid-rich atheroma. The presence of these features in VPs identifies very high-risk patients, who can benefit from adapted therapeutic strategies in order to prevent an ACS.
Co-author Weighting in Bibliometric Methodology and Subfields of a Scientific Discipline
Authors: Smolinsky Lawrence , Lercher Aaron J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To give a theoretical framework to measure the relative impact of bibliometric methodology on the subfields of a scientific discipline, and how that impact depends on the method of evaluation used to credit individual scientists with citations and publications. The authors include a study of the discipline of physics to illustrate the method. Indicators are introduced to measure the proportion of a credit space awarded to a subfield or a set of authors.

Design/methodology/approach
The theoretical methodology introduces the notion of credit spaces for a discipline. These quantify the total citation or publication credit accumulated by the scientists in the discipline. One can then examine how the credit is divided among the subfields. The design of the physics study uses the American Physical Society print journals to assign subdiscipline classifications to articles and gather citation, publication, and author information. Credit spaces for the collection of Physical Review Journal articles are computed as a proxy for physics.

Findings
There is a substantial difference in the value or impact of a specific subfield depending on the credit system employed to credit individual authors.

Research limitations
Subfield classification information is difficult to obtain. In the illustrative physics study, subfields are treated in groups designated by the Physical Review journals. While this collection of articles represents a broad part of the physics literature, it is not all the literature nor a random sample.

Practical implications
The method of crediting individual scientists has consequences beyond the individual and affects the perceived impact of whole subfields and institutions.

Originality/value
The article reveals the consequences of bibliometric methodology on subfields of a disciple by introducing a systematic theoretical framework for measuring the consequences.
The Coronavirus Pandemic and Europe’s Undeclared Economy: Impacts and a Policy Proposal
Authors: Williams Colin C. , Kayaoglu Aysegul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has led to a loss of revenues for enterprises and workers due to workplace closures and restrictions on movement to ‘flatten the curve’. In response, governments have made available temporary financial support to enterprises and workers affected. This paper evaluates a group currently excluded from this support, namely enterprises and workers in the undeclared economy, and a possible government policy response. To identify those involved, a 2019 Eurobarometer survey of undeclared work in Europe is reported. This reveals that one in every 132 European citizens relies wholly on undeclared earnings and the sectors and population groups involved. Given their reduced revenues and inability to access the temporary financial support, a voluntary disclosure initiative is recommended which brings undeclared enterprises and workers into the declared economy and onto the radar of state authorities by offering access to this temporary financial support if they disclose their previous undeclared work.