bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xenotransfusion of canine blood to cats: a review of 49 cases and their outcome
Authors: Le Gal A. , Thomas E. K. , Humm K. R. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo describe the use of a xenotransfusion protocol, the outcome of xenotransfusion in recipient cats and to assess owner memory of the xenotransfusion.Materials and MethodsCats administered xenotransfusions in two hospitals between January 2016 and July 2018 were included. Adherence to xenotransfusion protocol, cause of anaemia, blood type, packed cell volume (PCV), transfusion volume, transfusion reactions, PCV 12 hours after transfusion and survival to discharge were recorded. Owners of surviving cats were questioned to assess if they remembered that a xenotransfusion had been performed.ResultsForty‐nine cats underwent the xenotransfusion protocol. The most common causes of anaemia were surgical blood loss (n = 17), immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia (n = 14) and neoplasia (n = 14). Median PCV before transfusion was 10%. Six cats (12%) had febrile non‐haemolytic transfusion reactions. Median PCV 12 hours after transfusion was 25%. Ten cats (20%) died or were euthanased within 24 hours of xenotransfusion. A delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction occurred in 25 of 39 (64%) cats manifesting as icterus in 15 cats after a median of 1.9 days and haemolytic serum in 19 cats after a median of 2 days. Of the 18 cats alive at 1 week after discharge, 15 (83%) were still alive at a median of 173 days after xenotransfusion. All owners contacted remembered that their cats had received a xenotransfusion.Clinical SignificanceXenotransfusion of canine packed red blood cells to cats is possible but haemolysis should be expected between 1 and 6 days after transfusion.
Fire and hydrologically mediated diversity change in subalpine forests through the Holocene
Authors: Rust Robert A. , Minckley Thomas A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractQuestionsWe consider whether: (a) fire frequency and hydrologic trends drive changes in subalpine forest community diversity and; (b) if there are cumulative effects on diversity when frequent fire and hydrologic drying occur synchronically?LocationWe use three high elevation sites from Wyoming, USA to investigate the response and resiliency of subalpine forests in the Rocky Mountains to centennial‐to‐millennial drought and fire disturbances in regards to shifts in pollen richness, evenness and diversity.Methods‘We examine ecological changes measured by pollen richness, evenness and diversity between subalpine communities under drying and wetting conditions to determine if there is an amplified effect when differing fire frequencies are considered. Using the inverse Simpson index of pollen diversity on pollen percentages as an estimate of biodiversity.ResultsPeriods of frequent fire display significantly higher diversity (p < 0.05) than periods of infrequent or intermediate fire return intervals regardless of hydrologic trends at Little Windy Hill Pond. Further, sites in the northern and southern Rocky Mountains appear to operate under differing fire regimes with sites in the northern Rocky Mountains not recording periods of frequent fire (>225 year mean fire return interval) through the Holocene.ConclusionsChanges in past pollen abundance and diversity have the ability to capture past landscape structure and ecosystem turnover prior to European settlement of the Americas. If fire regimes in subalpine forests of the Rocky Mountains continue trending towards higher frequencies there is the potential for these areas to experience an increase in vegetation diversity.
A case study on the challenges of learning and teaching English spelling: insights from eight Australian students and their teachers
Authors: Daffern Tessa , Mackenzie Noella Maree 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSpelling is a key transcription skill for writing. While little is understood about the particular challenges some students experience when learning to spell, explicit instruction is known to improve spelling performance. The study reported in this article draws on eight case studies from a larger Australian mixed‐methods study examining spelling acquisition, as represented by a stratified random sample of Australian students aged 8 to 12 years (n=1,198). This case study utilised Triple Word Form Theory for the spelling error analysis of dictated words, narrative and expository writing, as well as semi‐structured interview data from a randomly selected sample of low‐achieving spellers. Analyses of phonological, orthographic and morphological spelling errors revealed students' common and unique challenges in learning to spell. Qualitative analysis of semi‐structured interview data identified that the students lacked confidence in spelling, used limited strategies for spelling unknown words, and displayed constrained metalanguage associated with spelling. Interview data from the respective classroom teachers revealed that the teachers had inadequate strategies for teaching spelling and lacked confidence in their ability to teach spelling. The findings highlight the need for improved ways to support those students beyond the first few years of schooling who find learning to spell challenging.
Prevalence and correlates of the composite index of anthropometric failure among children under 5 years old in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Saimul , Biswas Tuhin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight are reported separately. However, the data of the multiple anthropometric failures combinations of these conventional indicators are scant. This study attempted to estimate the overall burden of undernutrition among children under 5 years old, using the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF), and to explore the correlates. The study used secondary data from the Bangladesh demographic and health surveys (BDHS), undertaken in 2014. CIAF provides an overall prevalence of undernutrition, which gives six mutually exclusive anthropometric measurements of height‐for‐ age, height‐for‐weight, and weight‐for‐age. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the correlates of CIAF. The overall prevalence of undernutrition using the CIAF was 48.3% (95% CI [47.1%, 49.5%]) among the children under 5 years old. The prevalence of anthropometric failure due to a combination of both stunting and underweight was 18.2%, wasting and underweight was 5.5%, and wasting, underweight, and stunting was 5.7%. The odds of CIAF were higher among young maternal age, having the poorest socio‐economic status, living in rural areas, higher order of birth, and received no vaccination compared with other counterparts. In Bangladesh, one out of two children has undernutrition, which is preventing the potential of the millions of children. Mothers who gave birth before age 20 living in the rural areas with belonging to lower socio‐economic status and whose children had a higher order of birth and receive no vaccination were observed as the main determinants of undernutrition. Nutrition sensitive interventions along with social protection programmes are crucial to deal the underlying causes of undernutrition.
Incompleteness, regularity, and collective preference
Authors: Cato Susumu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the incompleteness of collective preference. We provide a series of Arrovian impossibility theorems without completeness. First, we consider the notion of regularity introduced by Eliaz and Ok (2006, Games and Economic Behavior 56, 61–86); it is an appropriate richness property for strict preference when preference is allowed to be incomplete. We examine the implication of imposing regularity on collective preference. Second, we propose responsiveness, a variation of positive responsiveness. This axiom requires that some changes in individual preferences make an alternative weakly better than another. Third, we consider coherency conditions for collective preferences; this conditionally requires the existence of comparable pairs in a certain manner. We prove an impossibility result for each condition using Arrovian axioms.
Diffuse glioneuronal tumour with oligodendroglioma‐like features and nuclear clusters (DGONC) – a molecularly defined glioneuronal CNS tumour class displaying recurrent monosomy 14
Authors: Deng M. Y. , Sill M. , Sturm D. , Stichel D. , Witt H. , Ecker J. , Wittmann A. , Schittenhelm J. , Ebinger M. , Schuhmann M. U. , Figarella‐Branger D. , Aronica E. , Staszewski O. , Preusser M. , Haberler C. , Lauten M. , Schüller U. , Hartmann C. , Snuderl M. , Dunham C. , Jabado N. , Wesseling P. , Deckert M. , Keyvani K. , Gottardo N. , Giangaspero F. , von Hoff K. , Ellison D. W. , Pietsch T. , Herold-Mende C. , Milde T. , Witt O. , Kool M. , Korshunov A. , Wick W. , von Deimling A. , Pfister S. M. , Jones D. T. W. , Sahm F. 
Published: December 2019

AimsDNA methylation‐based central nervous system (CNS) tumour classification has identified numerous molecularly distinct tumour types, and clinically relevant subgroups among known CNS tumour entities that were previously thought to represent homogeneous diseases. Our study aimed at characterizing a novel, molecularly defined variant of glioneuronal CNS tumour.Patients and methodsDNA methylation profiling was performed using the Infinium MethylationEPIC or 450 k BeadChip arrays (Illumina) and analysed using the ‘conumee’ package in R computing environment. Additional gene panel sequencing was also performed. Tumour samples were collected at the German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) and provided by multinational collaborators. Histological sections were also collected and independently reviewed.ResultsGenome‐wide DNA methylation data from >25 000 CNS tumours were screened for clusters separated from established DNA methylation classes, revealing a novel group comprising 31 tumours, mainly found in paediatric patients. This DNA methylation‐defined variant of low‐grade CNS tumours with glioneuronal differentiation displays recurrent monosomy 14, nuclear clusters within a morphology that is otherwise reminiscent of oligodendroglioma and other established entities with clear cell histology, and a lack of genetic alterations commonly observed in other (paediatric) glioneuronal entities.ConclusionsDNA methylation‐based tumour classification is an objective method of assessing tumour origins, which may aid in diagnosis, especially for atypical cases. With increasing sample size, methylation analysis allows for the identification of rare, putative new tumour entities, which are currently not recognized by the WHO classification. Our study revealed the existence of a DNA methylation‐defined class of low‐grade glioneuronal tumours with recurrent monosomy 14, oligodendroglioma‐like features and nuclear clusters.
Readiness Theory: A New Approach to Understanding Mediated Prenegotiation and Negotiation Processes Leading to Peace Agreements
Authors: Schiff Amira 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwo main theoretical strands suggest causal explanations for the shifts in the de‐escalation dynamics of conflicts, in which parties that had been unwilling to sit together at the negotiating table ultimately agreed to do so and eventually signed an agreement. The first is the ripeness strand which embodies three loosely related subtheories, and the second, a corollary of it, is the readiness strand which is based on readiness theory. By applying readiness theory to two case studies of mediated negotiations which ended in agreement in Aceh (2005) and Sudan (2005), this study illustrates the value of the readiness strand as an integrative analytical framework for examining the negotiation process from prenegotiation to negotiation and agreement. This type of multicausal and dynamic analysis, which considers gradual changes in the variables throughout the process, offers insights for researchers as well as for practitioners.
Brachypodium and plant viruses: entwined tools for discovery
Authors: Scholthof Karen‐Beth G. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIn just a decade, Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has fulfilled its initial promise as a key tool for realizing new strategies for understanding host and pathogen biology during virus infections of the Poaceae. For this Tansley Insight, I have identified four areas – from the laboratory to the field – that may be particularly fruitful to explore, with a particular focus on Brachypodium–virus infections. These focus areas include: mechanisms of RNA modification of host plants and viruses; coevolution of virus–host interactions; viruses as tools of discovery; and how to explicate the complex outcomes during multivirus infections. Here, I broadly frame our current knowledge of Brachypodium–virus interactions and how these findings may inform virus studies of grasses in the laboratory, field and natural settings.
Root exudation of mature beech forests across a nutrient availability gradient: the role of root morphology and fungal activity
Authors: Meier Ina C. , Tückmantel Timo , Heitkötter Julian , Müller Karolin , Preusser Sebastian , Wrobel Thomas J. , Kandeler Ellen , Marschner Bernd , Leuschner Christoph 
Published: December 2019

Summary

Root exudation is a key plant function with a large influence on soil organic matter dynamics and plant–soil feedbacks in forest ecosystems. Yet despite its importance, the main ecological drivers of root exudation in mature forest trees remain to be identified.
During two growing seasons, we analyzed the dependence of in situ collected root exudates on root morphology, soil chemistry and nutrient availability in six mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests on a broad range of bedrock types.
Root morphology was a major driver of root exudation across the nutrient availability gradient. A doubling of specific root length exponentially increased exudation rates of mature trees by c. 5‐fold. Root exudation was also closely negatively related to soil pH and nitrogen (N) availability. At acidic and N‐poor sites, where fungal biomass was reduced, exudation rates were c. 3‐fold higher than at N‐ and base‐richer sites and correlated negatively with the activity of enzymes degrading less bioavailable carbon (C) and N in the bulk soil.
We conclude that root exudation increases on highly acidic, N‐poor soils, in which fungal activity is reduced and a greater portion of the assimilated plant C is shifted to the external ecosystem C cycle.
Influence of program staff on quality of relationships in a community‐based youth mentoring program
Authors: Keller Thomas E. , DuBois David L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn many mentoring programs, mentor–youth pairs have the latitude to engage in a wide range of activities together across varying community settings. Within this context, program staff are tasked with supporting development of high‐quality relationships between mentors and youth. To date, however, this role of program staff has been largely overlooked in research. The current study investigates potential contributions of program staff to mentoring relationships in the Big Brothers Big Sisters community‐based mentoring program over their first 15 months of relationship development with a sample of 450 mentor–youth pairs that were supported by 76 program staff across 10 agencies. Two‐level analyses (mentoring relationships nested within program staff) examined characteristics and approaches of program staff as prospective predictors of several facets of mentoring relationship quality as reported by youth: closeness, help with coping, youth‐centeredness, growth orientation, and attachment. Staff‐reported work engagement and emphasis on adherence to program guidelines as well as supervisor‐rated staff competence predicted more favorable mentoring relationship quality. By contrast, a nondirective approach to supporting mentors, as reported by staff, predicted lower relationship quality. These findings suggest that further investigation of program staff influences on mentoring relationship development could be fruitful and ultimately provide a basis for enhancing program effectiveness.
What works and why in the identification and referral of adults with comorbid obesity in primary care: A realist review
Authors: Blane David N. , Macdonald Sara , O'Donnell Catherine A. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryPrimary care practitioners (PCPs) are well placed to identify individuals with obesity and weight‐related comorbidities and to refer them to weight management services (WMS), but this does not often happen in practice. In this realist review, we searched six databases for intervention studies targeted at PCPs to improve the identification and referral of adults with comorbid obesity. Realist analysis was used to identify context‐mechanism‐outcome (CMO) configurations across 30 included papers (reporting on 27 studies). Most studies used multiple intervention strategies, categorised into: (a) training, (b) tools to improve identification, (c) tools to improve ease of referral, (d) audit/feedback, (e) working in networks/quality circles, and (f) other. The realist synthesis identified 12 mechanisms through which interventions work to improve identification and referral, including increasing knowledge about obesity and awareness of and confidence in WMS among practitioners, improved communication and trust between practitioners and WMS, and higher priority given to weight management among primary care teams. The theory of “candidacy” (a person's eligibility for medical attention and intervention) provided a robust explanatory framework but required refinement: (a) to take account of the different services (primary care and weight management) that patients must navigate to access support; and (b) to acknowledge the importance of wider contextual factors.
Novel three‐dimensional imaging approach for cryoballoon navigation and confirmation of pulmonary vein occlusion
Authors: Kowalewski Christopher A. B. , Rodrigo Miguel , Brodt Chad , Haddad Francois , Wang Paul J. , Narayan Sanjiv M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCryoballoon apposition is crucial for durable pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in atrial fibrillation, yet the balloon is difficult to visualize by conventional mapping systems, and pulmonary venography may miss small or out‐of‐plane leaks. We report a novel imaging system that offers real‐time 3D navigation of the cryoballoon within atrial anatomy that may circumvent these issues.Methods and resultsA novel overlay guidance system (OGS) registers already‐acquired segmented atrial cardiac tomography (CT) with fluoroscopy, enabling real‐time visualization of the cryoballoon within tomographic left atrial imaging during PVI. Phantom experiments in a patient‐specific 3D printed left atrium showed feasibility for confirming PV apposition and leaks. We applied OGS prospectively to 68 PVs during PVI in 17 patients. The cryoballoon was successfully reconstructed in all cases, and its apposition was compared to concurrent PV venography. The OGS uncovered leaks undetected by venography in nine veins (eight cases), which enabled repositioning, confirming apposition in remaining 68 veins. Concordance of OGS to venography was 83.8% (χ2, P < .01)ConclusionsWe report a new system for real‐time imaging of cryoballoon catheters to ensure PV apposition within the tomography of the left atrium. While providing high concordance with other imaging modalities for confirming balloon apposition or leak, the system also identified leaks missed by venography. Future studies should determine if this tool can provide a new reference for cryoballoon positioning.
Homozygosity for a novel large deletion in SLC29A3 in a patient with H syndrome
Authors: Shankar Sukesh Gautam , Rangarajan Sudha , Priyadarshini Anuradha , Swaminathan Adikrishnan , Sundaram Murugan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractH syndrome (OMIM 6027820) is a novel form of histiocytosis affecting multiple organs with peculiar cutaneous manifestations. It is an autosomal recessive genodermatosis caused by pathogenic mutations in SLC29A3 that encodes the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter, hENT3. The cutaneous manifestations can mimic other sclerodermoid conditions. We present a 15‐year‐old boy diagnosed with H syndrome with typical clinical features and homozygosity for a novel pathogenic mutation.
Two Distinct Photoprocesses in Cyanobacterial Bilin Pigments: Energy Migration in Light‐Harvesting Phycobiliproteins versus Photoisomerization in Phytochromes
Authors: Sineshchekov Vitaly A. , Bekasova Olga D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis, respiration and photoperception are connected with the appearance of cyanobacteria. The key compounds, which are involved in these processes, are tetrapyrroles: open chain — bilins and cyclic — chlorophylls and heme. The latter are characterized by their covalent bond with the apoprotein resulting in the formation of biliproteins. This type of photoreceptors is unique in that it can perform important and opposite functions—light‐harvesting in photosynthesis with the participation of phycobiliproteins and photoperception mediated by phycochromes and phytochromes. In this review, cyanobacterial phycobiliproteins and phytochrome Cph1 are considered from a comparative point of view. Structural features of these pigments, which provide their contrasting photophysical and photochemical characteristics, are analyzed. The determining factor in the case of energy migration with the participation of phycobiliproteins is blocking the torsional relaxations of the chromophore, its D‐ring, in the excited state and their freedom, in the case of phytochrome photoisomerization. From the energetics point of view, this distinction is preconditioned by the height of the activation barrier for the photoreaction and relaxation in the excited state, which depends on the degree of the chromophore fixation by its protein surroundings.
The process of responding to stigma in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and families: A grounded theory study
Authors: Rezayat Fatemeh , Mohammadi Eesa , Fallahi‐khoshknab Masoud 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe way people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and families address stigma has a significant role in their vulnerability to this distressing phenomenon. However, there is little knowledge about this issue in Middle Eastern countries.PurposeExploring the process of addressing stigma in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and families.Design and MethodsIn our grounded theory study, we interviewed seven patients and nine family members and used a constant comparative analysis approach for data analysis.FindingsThe participants expressed being socially rejected and oppressed by others. In addressing stigma, the patients and families surrendered passively and reluctantly. This main strategy sometimes led to deprivation and isolation and sometimes resulted in lessening their tension.Practice ImplicationsMental health nurses can empower patients and families with the skills necessary to counter stigma and, in this way, modify the sense of disability as an obstacle to stigma resistance. Also, mental health nurses can modify the contextual factors of stigma by initiating campaigns, educating society members, and involving them in fighting stigma.
Policy Making in the Shadow of Executive Action
Authors: Moraguez Ashley 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPresidents have prerogative powers, such as signing statements, that seemingly undo legislative bargains. Why do legislators commit to bargains within the legislature if the president can unravel those deals? I argue that legislators bargain over both their policy and electoral interests in the face of looming presidential action and that this induces legislators to commit to bargains, even when they know the president will not maintain their agreements. I derive the prediction that signing statements are more likely when congressional polarization is low. I find support for this expectation, using data on polarization and signing statements from 1981 until 2012.