bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engagement beyond a tour guide approach: Korean and US elementary school students' intercultural telecollaboration
Authors: Kim Soojin 
Published: December 2020

This paper reports findings from a case study of intercultural telecollaboration between elementary school students in South Korea and the United States via the social networking service Classting. The goal was to provide an opportunity for Korean students with limited exposure to authentic English language communication to interact with native speakers of English and for the US students to experience online intercultural activity in class with the hope of promoting intercultural communicative competence (ICC) in both student groups. The study applies Byram’s (1997) model of ICC to analyze patterns of engagement within the communication between students. Findings indicate that although both student groups endeavored to create common ground in their intercultural encounters, there was a tendency to relate to each other by enacting a Tour Guide Approach towards their own culture and a Tourist Approach (Byram, 1997) towards the other culture. Findings also show, however, that students went beyond such approaches during “off task” interactional moments, drawing on shared small cultures to initiate more authentic interpersonal engagement and opportunities for knowledge exchange.
Ordu ilinde bulunan Rubus (Rosaceae) türlerinin trnL-F gen bölgeleri ile filogenetik ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: EKER Seçil , KOLÖREN Onur 
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada; Karadeniz Bölgesi Ordu ilinde yaygın olan Rubus yabancı ot türlerinin filogenetik
farklılıkları trnL-F gen bölgeleri
kullanılarak belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Ordu’nun farklı noktalarından 24 adet Rubus spp. örneği survey yapılmıştır. Örneklerden
DNA izole etme aşamasında protokol Haymes (1996) uyarlanarak kullanılmıştır. Örneklerimizin
trnL-F gen bölgesini belirlemek için,
GenBank’tan alınan referans diziler ile çalışmamızda elde ettiğimiz sekans
dizileri karşılaştırılmıştr. MEGA6 paket programı yardımıyla genetik uzaklıklar
hesaplanmış ve filogeni ağaçlarının çizimi yapılmıştır. Örneklerden 6 Haplotip
sonucu çıkmıştır. Bunlar; Haplotip 1 (F3, P1, P3, P4, U1, U2, O2, O3, O4, CM1),
Haplotip 2 (F5), Haplotip 3 (P2), Haplotip 4 (P5), Haplotip 5 (S1, CM2, CM3),
Haplotip 6 (O1, CT1, CT2, CT3) örnekleri sırasıyla R. sanctus (EF055343), R.
silvaticus (KM036881), R. divaricatus
(KM036924), R. conothyrsoides (KM036856),
R. capricollensis (KM036923) ve Rubus sp. (KT581217) ile %100 nükleotid dizisi benzerliğiyle akraba
olarak görülmüştür.
Conocimiento en relación. Reflexiones sobre el trabajo de campo arqueológico en el curso medio e inferior del Río Salado bonaerense
Authors: Salerno Virginia M. , González María Isabel 
Published: December 2020

En este artículo e reflexiona sobre el trabajo de campo, entendido como un momento clave del proceso de investigación arqueológica. Su importancia reside no sólo en que permite obtener materiales arqueológicos sino en que es una experiencia de creación de vínculos institucionales y personales. Además es una instancia de aproximación en/con el paisaje. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir el modo en que las relaciones sociales desplegadas durante el trabajo de campo (entre agentes, materiales, paisaje y conocimiento) impactan en la manera en que diversos agentes de la comunidad se vinculan con los arqueólogos, los materiales y el conocimiento que se busca generar. Con este fin se analiza con una perspectiva diacrónica, la experiencia de un equipo de trabajo de amplia trayectoria en la arqueología de la región pampeana que viene realizando sus investigaciones en el curso medio e inferior del río Salado, en particular las de la localidad de Chascomús.
Prevalence of study related anxiety among medical students: a study from a medical college in central Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Praveen , Joshi Devavrat , Gurung Bhupendra Singh 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Medical education can lead to anxiety and depression in medical students which may have negative academic and professional consequences on them. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of study related anxiety, its severity and frequency of different symptoms related to anxiety among medical students.
Results: Study-related anxiety was found in 73.33% of students. Anxiety was more common amongst final year medical students (83.33%) followed by 1st/2nd year students (76.67%). Prevalence of anxiety was found to be less among 4th-year medical students (63.33%). The majority of the students experienced a mild to moderate level of anxiety. i.e.44.31 % and 36.37 % respectively. The most common symptoms of study related anxiety were recurrent fearful thoughts about studies, constant tension about studies and panic feeling about exam in varying degree of severity.
Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of study related anxiety among medical students in the current study. Early identification and timely intervention of study related anxiety symptoms in medical students will prevent mental distress and negative effect on their academic pursuits.
Immediate Effects of Yoga Based Relaxation Technique Yoga Nidra on Heart Rate Variability in Young and Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Chhetri Praghosh , Shrestha Lava , Rana Binaya SJB , Banstola Dinesh , Mahotra Narayan Bahadur 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Cardiovascular autonomic functions are affected by the negative influences of stress which bring about alterations in heart rate variability (HRV). Yoga based relaxation techniques like Yoga Nidra have been found to relieve stress as shown by improved HRV. This study was conducted to assess the immediate effects of a yoga based guided relaxation technique, Yoga Nidra on HRV parameters in young and healthy volunteers.
Methods: This was an interventional study conducted in the Department of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj. Fifty two male medical students were divided into supine rest group (n=26) and Yoga Nidra group (n=26). HRV indices were recorded before and after supine rest and Yoga Nidra. Intra-group and inter-group comparisons of the HRV parameters were done before and after the interventions.
Results: In comparison to the supine rest, Yoga Nidra produced significant increase in values of HF (1460.72 Vs 3272.99; p=0.03) and HFnu (50.32 Vs 62.68; p=0.004); and significant reduction in the values of LFnu (49.68 Vs 37.32; p=0.004) and LF:HF ratio (0.99 Vs 0.59; p=0.004), which suggested that the parasympathetic modulating response of Yoga Nidra was better than that of supine rest.
Conclusion: Yoga Nidra, a yoga based relaxation technique brings better relaxation response than supine rest as indicated by the significantly improved HRV indices.
Partial edentulism and its correlation with educational status: a hospitalbased study
Authors: Kaphle Bhumesh , Shrestha Ashish , Bhagat Tarakant , Shrestha Daniel , Bhandari Suresh , Jha Umesh 
Published: December 2020

Background: Maintenance of oral hygiene is one of the most important factors to prevent tooth loss. Education plays a significant role to maintain good oral hygiene. The objective of the study was to determine partial edentulism based on Kennedy’s classification and to find out correlation between partial edentulism and educational status.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 189 partially edentulous patients visiting dental OPD of three government hospitals. Patients above 18 years of age were selected using non-probability convenience sampling, 63 from each center. History taking and visual examination were done after getting informed consent from the participants. Descriptive (mean, median, standard deviation, range, ratio and percentage) and inferential (Man-Whitney test) statistics were applied.
Results: In 189 partially edentulous patients 61% were females and 39% were males, and 48.1% people had no formal education. Kennedy’s Class III was most common (59% in maxillary, 61% in mandibular arches) and Kennedy’s class IV was least common (1% in maxillary, 6% in mandibular arches). From the study, we found that the number of teeth missing was higher in people with no formal education and there was statistically significant difference in the number of missing teeth in people with formal education and people who didn’t have any formal education (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The study showed that education plays a vital role in generating awareness about maintenance of oral hygiene and people who are educated have a tendency of retaining more of their natural dentition. Preventive educational programs should be focused in the low education group so that more effective outcomes can be achieved.
Comparison Between Supraclavicular and Infraclavicular Approach in Subclavian Vein Catheterization in Tertiary Center of Nepal
Authors: Khapung Robin , Pokharel Jeju Nath , KC Kiran Kumar , Pradhan Kripa , Gurung Uma , Basnyat Subi , Giri Praveen Kumar 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Central vein catheterization can be introduced in subclavian vein (SCV), internal jugular vein or femoral vein for volume resuscitation and invasive monitoring technique. Due to anatomical advantage and lesser risk of infection subclavian vein is preferred. Either supraclavicular (SC) or infraclavicular (IC) approach could be used for subclavian vein catheterization. The aim of the study was to compare SC and IC approach in ease of catheterization of SCV and record the complications present if any.
Methods and materials: This was a hospital based comparative, interventional study conducted from November 2016 to October 2017 in Operation Theater in Bir Hospital. In this study, 70 patients for elective surgical cases meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly enrolled. Then samples were equally divided by lottery into either supraclavicular or infraclavicular approach groups. The Access time, cannulation success rate, attempts made for successful cannulation of vein, easy insertion of catheter and guide wire, approximate inserted length of catheter and associated complications in both groups were recorded. Data was entered in statistical software SPSS 16. Chi-square test was used. P value < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean access time in group SC for SCV catheterization was 2.12 ± 0.81 min compared to 2.83 ± 0.99 min in group IC (p-value= 0.002). The overall success rate in catheterization of the right SCV using SC approach (34 / 35) was better as compared with group IC (33 / 35) using IC approach. First successful attempt in the SC group was 74.28% as compared with 57.14% in the IC group.
Conclusion: The SC approach of SCV catheterization can be considered alternative to IC approach in terms of landmark accessibility, success rate and rate of complications.
Health Problems of Nepalese Migrant Workers and Their Access to Healthcare Services in three countries of Middle East
Authors: Paneru Damaru Prasad , Adhikari Chiranjivi , Pandey Raju , Bhatt Bimala , Chalise Manisha , Baidhya Nirdesh , Paudel Arati 
Published: December 2020

Background: Migrants’ health is a global public health issue. Middle East countries are the major destination for abroad job among Nepalese workers. This study carried out to identify the health problems among migrant workers and their access to health care in Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Qatar of Middle East.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study; carried out among 480 returnee migrant workers who have given consent for the study. Data were collected at Tribhuvan International Airport (October 2018) using pretested structured interview schedule after taking approval from Institutional Review Committee of Pokhara University. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 version. Percentage, mean/median, standard deviation, Chi square test and logistic regression performed.
Results: Majority of the returnee migrants workers were male (95.0%) and their mean age was 32.38±5.54 years. Almost ten percent of the participants suffered from at least one health problem during their stay in Middle East; among them, respiratory problems were common (35.6%). Almost all participants (99.6%) had health policy to take care of migrant workers and 93.5 percent participants had health insurance coverage. Female workers (AOR 4.34; CI: 1.54-12.19), and migrants who worked for additional benefits (AOR 2.17; CI: 1.11-4.25) had significantly higher prevalence of health problems than their counterparts (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Almost ten percent migrant workers had at least one health problem during their stay in Saudi Arabia, UAE and Qatar. Almost all workers had the access to health care in Middle East countries. Female workers and the workers who performed additional work (over time) were at higher risk of the health problems. Universal coverage of quality health care for migrant workers in abroad and mainstreaming the route of permission for work is recommended.
Family Caregivers’ Satisfaction towards the Communication of Health Service Providers in Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Sonam , Maharjan Basant , Acharya Swosti , Dangol Manisha , Shrestha Sunil 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Patient and family caregivers’ satisfaction is an essential measure of the quality of care and a determinant of health service utilization. Measuring family caregivers’ satisfaction with health service providers is important for understanding and improving the quality of care at health facilities. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the satisfaction of family caregivers towards the communication of health service providers.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by the development of a questionnaire at one of the tertiary care hospitals. Self-administered questionnaires related to demography and different dimensions on the satisfaction of caregivers towards the communication of health service provider was designed. Sixty caregivers were provided questionnaire and data was collected. Descriptive analysis, frequency, and percentage were calculated using SPSS 23 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA)
Results: The study showed that the majority of the caregivers (40%) were of the young age group (31-40 years). More than half (53%) of the caregivers were satisfied with different ways of communication about the patient's condition and treatment. In terms of communication mode, the majority of the caregivers were satisfied with related different ways of communication about the patient's condition and treatment (53.3%) followed by verbal (63.6 %) and non-verbal (50.6 %) respectively during their stay at the hospital.
Conclusion: The current study found that caregivers were satisfied with the communication provided by health service providers. This suggests that the treatment provided to patients might have better outcome measures. Additionally, it may help to reduce the anxiety among caregivers regarding the patients’ condition.
Depression among Chronic Kidney Diseases Patients Receiving Hemodialysis
Authors: Khadka Shanti , Adhikari Rita , Paudel Tarun 
Published: December 2020

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive irreversible loss of renal function over a period of months or years. When kidney disease progresses, it may eventually lead to kidney failure, which requires dialysis or a kidney transplant to maintains life. Hemodialysis is used for patients who require short term dialysis (days to weeks) and for patients with advanced CKD and End Stage renal Disease (ESRD) who require long term or permanent renal replacement therapy. Hemodialysis significantly and adversely affects the lives of patients, both physically and psychologically. Depression is the most common psychological condition among patients with ESRD. Depression in dialysis patients not only effect mortality, but increased rate of hospitalizations and dialysis withdrawal is also very common.
Methods: A descriptive cross sectional research design was carried out to identify the depression level of chronic kidney disease patients receiving Hemodialysis in Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara using Beck Depression Inventory among forty six patients.
Results: The study findings revealed that majority of the patients (84.8%) has various degree of depression i.e. mild (21.7%), moderate (30.8%) and severe (32.6%). Only fifteen percent of patient has no depression. There was no statistical association between the level of depression and socio-demographic variables. It can be concluded that the prevalence of depression is high among patients receiving Hemodialysis.
Conclusion: The prevalence of depression is high among patients receiving Hemodialysis. It is effective to provide mental health services to the CKD patients receiving Hemodialysis which help them better psychologically adaptation to their disease and improve their quality of life.
Clinical Profile of Enteric Fever in Children of a Tertiary Care Centre in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Budhathoki Sunil , Rimal Satyam , Lama Lopsang , Shrestha Sabina , Sanjel Seshananda , Amgain Kapil 
Published: December 2020

Background: Enteric fever, commonly known as typhoid fever is a global public health problem. It is one of the common infectious diseases of humans, fever lasting for more than 7 days. It is transmitted by faecooral route and common in the areas with poor sanitation. Globally, majority of the Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica var typhi, one fifth of the infection is caused by Salmonella enterica var paratyphi. This study was conducted to describe clinical and laboratory parameters among children with enteric fever.
Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the Pediatric ward and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), Atterkhel, Kathmandu, Nepal from 2015 January to 2015 December. Inclusion criteria: clinical details and laboratory parameters of children aged 13 months to 15 years old with diagnosis of enteric fever was obtained in the proforma and descriptive statistics were calculated.
Result: A total of 1,020 children with the sign and symptom suggestive of enteric fever were admitted in the inpatient department (Pediatrics) during the study period. All the enteric fever suspected children were tested for blood culture, Widal test and complete blood count, out of them 80 children were diagnosed as enteric fever. Male female ratio is 1.6:1. Fever was the most common clinical feature observed in 95% cases and other common features were loose motion (37.5%), vomiting (33.8%) and abdominal pain (27.5%). Hepato-splenomegaly is common finding of Enteric fever reported in 85.0% and 43.7%. Majority of the patients had normal leucocyte count (71.0%) and leucopenia reported in 20.0%.
Conclusion: Fever and hepato-splenomegaly were the major clinical presentation of typhoid fever in our study. Other less common features were loose motion, vomiting and abdominal pain. This finding may be useful for the pediatrician and other health professionals for the early diagnosis of enteric fever.
Street Vending, Income Generation and Poverty Implication: The Case of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Kumar , Pathak Balaram 
Published: December 2020

Background: Street vending, like other informal activities, contributes to employment generation. For many people, it is a source of income and thus has a poverty implication for street vendors.
Objective: The major objective of this study is to analyze the poverty implication of street vending in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. The specific objectives are: to measure the net business income of street vendors, to determine factors influencing street vendors’ net business income and to analyze the poverty implication of street vending in the Kathmandu Valley.
Methods: The study was based on the analytical approach, where the net business income of street vendors was measured, factors influencing net business income of street vendors were determined and the potential role of street vending on poverty reduction in Kathmandu Valley was analyzed. Factors influencingnet business income of street vendors were identified by applying regression analysis. For this, cross-sectional data were collected from randomly selected 450 street vendors of five locations of the Kathmandu Valley, i.e. Balaju, Lagankhel, Kalanki, Ratnapark and Suryabinayak. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire.The poverty implication of street vending was analyzed by using the consumption approach, wheremeasurement was done about whetherconsumption ofstreet vendors, which was covered by their net business income, was above the poverty line of the Kathmandu Valley.
Results: Average monthly net business income of street vendors was Rs 22,500. Educational level, experience, sales and working hours per day were the factors influencing net business income of street vendors. 54% ofstreet vendors were found to have consumption above the poverty line which was covered by their net business income. Furthermore, it was found that if respondents were not involved in street vending; only 42% of respondents could have consumption above the poverty line which could be covered by their income from other jobs/professions.
Conclusions: The study concludes that majority of people, who dostreet vendingin the Kathmandu Valley,come from low income family background. Street vending plays an important role to provide employment to the people belonging to socially and economically marginalized groups of the society.However, at the same time, street vendingalso creates problems like overcrowding on the roadsides, environmental pollution due to the generation of wasteduring street vending, and so on. So,the focus should be on shifting street vendors to the formal sectors in the long-term.
Implications: As street vending is a source of income for thousands of socially and economically mariginalized groups and has poverty implications, it should not be viewed just as a problem of the street. If it is managed properly, it contributes tothe livelihood of thousands of people and provides goods and services at a cheaper price to low-income consumers.
Detection of Non-native Speaker Status from Backwards and Vocoded Contentmasked Speech
Authors: Rojczyk Arkadiusz , Porzuczek Andrzej 
Published: December 2020

This paper addresses the issue of speech rhythm as a cue to non-native pronunciation. In natural recordings, it is impossible to disentangle rhythm from segmental, subphonemic or suprasegmental features that may influence nativeness ratings. However, two methods of speech manipulation, that is, backwards content-masked speech and vocoded speech, allow the identification of native and non-native speech in which segmental properties are masked and become inaccessible to the listeners. In the current study, we use these two methods to compare the perception of content-masked native English speech and Polish-accented speech. Both native English and Polish-accented recordings were manipulated using backwards masked speech and 4-band white-noise vocoded speech. Fourteen listeners classified the stimuli as produced by native or Polish speakers of English. Polish and English differ in their temporal organization, so, if rhythm is a significant contributor to the status of non-native accentedness, we expected an above-chance rate of recognition of native and non-native English speech. Moreover, backwards content-masked speech was predicted to yield better results than vocoded speech, because it retains some of the indexical properties of speakers. The resultsshow that listeners are unable to detect non-native accent in Polish learners of English from backwards and vocoded speech samples.