bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF HEADTEACHERS’ INVOLVEMENT OF FEMALE TEACHERS ON GIRLS’ ACCESS TO PUBLIC PRIMARY EDUCATION IN GARISSA SUB-COUNTY, GARISSA COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Osman Garat Hassan , Njoroge Benson , Kenei Reuben 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of headteachers’ involvement of female teachers on girls’ access to primary education in Garissa Sub-County, Garissa County, Kenya. The study was guided by the Management Practices and Pearson’s Gender Relations Theories.
Methodology: The study adopted mixed methodology and descriptive survey research design. Data analysis began by identifying common themes. The target population comprised of 28 headteachers, 302 teachers, 873 girls in classes VII & VIII and three (3) Curriculum Support Officers (CSOs) totaling to 1206 from which 300 respondents were determined using Yamane’s Formula. Stratified sampling was used to create three strata based on the number of zones in Garissa Sub-County. From each zone, four headteachers and 56 teachers were selected using simple random sampling to avoid bias. The procedures adopted enabled the researcher to sample 12 headteachers, 168 teachers, 117 girls in classes VII & VIII and three (3) CSOs. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically along the objectives and presented in narrative forms. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages and inferentially using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 23) and presented using tables.
Findings: The study established that headteachers’ management practices such as involvement of female teachers influence the number of girls who are enrolled into primary schools.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Thus, the study recommends that the Ministry of Education should recruit and work with female teachers to enhance girls’ access to primary education and to inform future policy development.
EVALUACIÓN DE CORRECTIVOS DE ACIDEZ EN UN ANDISOL CULTIVADO CON AGUACATE “HASS”.
Authors: Gutiérrez Nathalia , Restrepo Francisco 
Published: October 2020

La acidez del suelo es uno de los grandes limitantes para la producción de cultivos ya sea por deficiencias nutricionales o toxicidades en las plantas, comúnmente por aluminio en suelos tropicales. El objetivo de esta prueba de campo fue evaluar la efectividad de tres enmiendas formuladas a partir de diferentes fuentes en la corrección de acidez y su incidencia sobre el contenido de Calcio (Ca), Magnesio (Mg) y Aluminio (Al) intercambiable de un Andisol ubicado en Guática (Risaralda – Colombia). La composición y dosis de cada tratamiento fue: 1) M1 (30% CaO, 13% MgO, 3% P2O5, 3% S y 12% SiO2), 3 kg/árbol; 2) M2 (55% CaO y 45% MgO), 1 kg/árbol y 3) M3 (3.12% K2O, 27.5% CaO, 11.74% MgO y 4.7% S), 0.3 Kg/árbol respectivamente. Periódicamente se tomaron muestras de suelo a una profundidad de 0 a 20 cm para el análisis de pH, Ca+2, Mg+2 y Al+3 intercambiables. Adicional, se instalaron 3 sondas a profundidades de 20,40 y 60 cm para M1 y M2 y se tomó el pH directamente de la solución del suelo. El correctivo M1 compuesto con silicio y sulfatos resultó significativamente más eficaz en comparación con las otras mezclas al aumentar el pH de manera inmediata y permanente en el suelo y en la solución a las diferentes profundidades evaluadas, además de neutralizar y disminuir el aluminio intercambiable hasta 15 veces, respecto a la condición inicial. En la medida que el pH aumentó y disminuyó el aluminio, los contenidos de Ca+2 y Mg+2 intercambiable aumentaron progresivamente sin diferencia significativa entre tratamientos.
ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI SAHAM BERDASARKAN PENILAIAN HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTY DAN REAL ESTATE YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Heliyani Heliyani , Julianto Helmi Hery 
Published: October 2020

This study aims to analyze whether or not property and real estate stocks are worth buying as investments. The type of data is secondary data, which originates from the Indonesia Stock Exchange, Bank Indonesia and shares of Indonesian companies in the period 2016-2018. the population in this study are all property and real estate stocks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. using the perpose sampling technique obtained 32 companies that were sampled. The analysis technique uses the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) method. worthy shares are stocks that have an individual return expected return (Ri ERi). The results of this study indicate that: (1) There are 7 shares of property and real estate companies that deserve to be used for, namely ASRI, BEST, BKSL, BSDE, CTRA, OMRE, SMRA. These shares have a Ri value greater than E (Ri) or [Ri E (Ri)]. The investment decision that must be taken by investors is to buy the shares. (2) There are 25 company shares that are not feasible. Inappropriate stocks have a Ri value smaller than E (Ri) or [Ri E (Ri)]. The investment decision that must be taken by the investor is to sell the stock before the price drops. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis layak atau tidak layaknya saham property dan real estatÂ untuk dibeli sebagai sarana investasi. Jenis data adalah data sekunder, yang berasal dari Bursa Efek Indonesia, Bank Indonesia dan saham perusahaan Indonesia tahun periode 2016-2018. populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh saham properti dan real estate yang tedaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia. menggunakan teknik perpose sampling diperoleh 32 perusahaan yang dijadikan sampel. Teknik analisis menggunakan metode Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). saham layak adalah saham yang memiliki return individu expected return (RiERi). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Terdapat 7 saham-saham perusahaan property dan real estate yang layak dijadikan untuk yaitu ASRI, BEST, BKSL, BSDE, CTRA, OMRE, SMRA. Saham-saham tersebut memiliki nilai Ri lebih besar daripada E(Ri) atau [Ri E(Ri)]. Keputusan investasi yang harus diambil oleh investor adalah membeli saham tersebut. (2) Terdapat 25 saham-saham perusahaan yang tidak layak. Saham-saham tidak layak tersebut memiliki nilai Ri lebih kecil daripada E(Ri) atau [Ri E(Ri)]. Keputusan investasi yang harus diambil oleh investor adalah menjual saham tersebut sebelum harga turun.
KEPUTUSAN USIA MUDA YANG TIDAK BEKERJA DAN TIDAK TERIKAT PENDIDIKAN (NEE) DAN KARAKTERISTIKNYA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Gaffari Abrar , Handayani Dwini 
Published: October 2020

Motivated from the employment report which reveals the still high percentage of NEE in Indonesia, using the IFLS5 data we conduct studies related to the impact of sosio-demographic characteristics and local indicators and labor markets on NEE young age. NEE is a heterogeneous population based on attitudes and time availability from a young age towards work (Salvà-Mut, Tugores-Ques, Quintana-Murci, 2017) so that grouping can capture patterns of vulnerability and young age transition decisions to the labor market which is produce appropriate recommendations. The estimation results indicate that NEE carers-cared have characteristics as young women, low education, married status and come from underprivileged backgrounds and tend to be in rural areas with high local unemployment rates. While NEE unemployed is also characterized by young age, but the dominant of men with unmarried status and education is higher than non-NEE, besides it tends to be in urban areas and is influenced by high local unemployment rates. However, it is different from the previous categories, although NEE discourage is also young, male dominated and education level is low. But this category is not affected by regional indicators and the local labor market, due to their lack of perceptions and attitudes towards work. Termotivasi dari laporan ketenagakerjaan yang mengungkapkan masih tingginya persentase NEE di Indonesia, maka dengan menggunakan data IFLS5 kami melakukan kajian terkait dampak karakteristik-karakteristik individu, pendidikan, latar belakang keluarga dan indikator wilayah dan pasar kerja lokal terhadap usia muda yang NEE. Kami tertarik untuk meneliti NEE sebagai populasi yang heterogen dengan cara mengelompokkannya berdasarkan atas sikap dan ketersediaan waktu dari usia muda terhadap pekerjaan (SalvÃ -Mut, Tugores-Ques, Quintana-Murci, 2017), agar dapat menangkap pola kerentanan dan keputusan transisi usia muda ke pasar kerja sehingga dapat dihasilkan rekomendasi kebijakan yang tepat. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa NEE carers-cared mempunyai karakteristik sebagai perempuan yang berusia muda, tingkat pendidikan rendah, berstatus sudah menikah dan berasal dari latar belakang keluarga yang kurang beruntung terkait ekonomi dan cenderung di pedesaan dengan tingkat pengangguran lokal yang tinggi. Sedangkan NEE unemployed juga mempunyai karakteristik berusia muda, tapi dominan berjenis kelamin laki-laki dengan status belum menikah dan tingkat pendidikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bukan NEE, selain itu kategori ini cenderung di perkotaan dan juga dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pengangguran lokal yang tinggi. Namun berbeda dengan dua kategori sebelumnya, walaupun discourage juga cenderung berusia muda, berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan tingkat pendidikan rendah, tapi usia muda ini tidak terpengaruh oleh indikator wilayah dan pasar kerja lokal. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya persepsi dan sikap terhadap pekerjaan.
FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI EFEKTIFITAS PENERAPAN SISTEM AKUNTABILITAS KINERJA INSTANSI PEMERINTAH (SAKIP) KOTA PAYAKUMBUH
Authors: Murdi Hendri , Putri Anne 
Published: October 2020

This study aims to analyze and test the effect of SAKIP guidelines, local government commitment, work culture and the role of APIP on the effectiveness of the implementation of the Government Institution Performance Accountability System (SAKIP) of Payakumbuh City. This research is a comparative causal study. The population in this study was the ASN who worked on the preparation and reporting of programs and activities at 31 DPOs in the Payakumbuh Government. Sampling using the census method, where all members of the population totaling 62 were used as research samples. Data is processed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis and SEM testing uses the SmartPLS program. The results of the hypothesis test showed that the commitment of the local government and the role of APIP had a significant positive effect, while the SAKIP guidelines and work culture did not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the Government Institution Performance Accountability System (SAKIP) of Payakumbuh City Government. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk menganalisis dan menguji pengaruh pedoman SAKIP, komitmen pemerintah daerah, budaya kerja, peran APIP terhadap efektivitas penerapan Sistem Akuntabilitas Kineja Instansi Pemerintah (SAKIP) Kota Payakumbuh. Riset ini merupakan penelitian kausal komparatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ASN yang mengerjakan penyusunan dan pelaporan program dan kegiatan pada 31 OPD pada pemerintah Kota Payakumbuh. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode sensus, dimana seluruh anggota populasi yang berjumlah 62 dijadikan sampel penelitian. Data diolah dengan menggunakan analisis Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dan pengujian SEM ini menggunakan aplikasi SmartPLS. Hasil penelitian uji hipotesis menunjukan bahwa komitmen pemerintah daerah dan peran APIP berpengaruh positif signifikan, sedangkan pedoman SAKIP dan budaya kerja tidak berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas penerapan Sistem Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah (SAKIP) Pemerintah Kota Payakumbuh.
Factors Contributing to the Development of E-Commerce by the Degree of use in Latvia
Authors: Jekabsone Inga , Gudele Ina 
Published: October 2020

Several studies have recognized that e-commerce can have a positive impact on any type of business, making enterprises work faster, more efficient and more economical. Taking into account different degrees of e-commerce use, it is important to analyse the factors contributing to the development of the e-commerce in respective enterprises, so decision-makers can develop the strategy accordingly.
Purpose of the study is to analyse the factors contributing to the development of the e-commerce in Latvia by the degree of use of e-commerce.
The tasks of the study:
1) to review theoretical background of factors contributing to the development of the e-commerce depending on the degree of use of e-commerce in the enterprise;
2) to review existing research of factors contribution to the development of the e-commerce in EU;
3) to analyse the results of conducted survey among Latvian entrepreneurs in context of factors contributing to the development of the e-commerce depending on the degree of use of e-commerce in the respective enterprises.
Research methods used in preparation of the paper: scientific publication and previous conducted research results analysis, analysis of the results of the survey on Latvian entrepreneurs. Survey results are analysed using indicators of descriptive statistics (indicators of central tendency or location - arithmetic mean, mode, median), indicators of variability (indicators of dispersion - range, standard deviation and standard error of mean), analysis of variance - ANOVA are used.
The survey showed that there are significant differences in the assessment of the groups of factors “Social factors” and “Regulatory factors” between entrepreneurs who take full advantage of e-commerce opportunities and those who do not use them at all. In order to promote the use of e-commerce possibilities, different trainings and programmes are expected to be development to improve the knowledge, skills and competences of employers and employees in the area of e-commerce.
Enhancement of Retail Consumer Loyalty in Latvia by Means of Social Media Communication
Authors: Linina Iveta , Vevere Velga 
Published: October 2020

Social media communication has become an important tool both in relying information to potential consumers, as well as in creating experience sharing opportunities. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of’ social media communication on the loyalty formation in retailing. The tasks to be carried out are: (1) to research theoretical framework of social media communication and loyalty; (2) to work out methodology for empirical research; (3) to carry out research on consumers’ perception of retail stores online communication. Within the framework of the current study the authors employed a method of customer survey. Applying the non-probability snowball sampling method the questionnaire was distributed via e-mails and Facebook groups (n=327). The general population in this research consisted of the economically active Latvia residents in 2020. The authors used 5-point Likert scale (1-low evaluation, 5 – very high evaluation). The SPSS program was used for this purpose, the following indicators were calculated: arithmetic mean (X ̅), Median (Me); Mode (Mo); Variation; Standard Deviation; Variation Coefficient. The research question posed in the article was the following: What role does social media play in enhancing consumer loyalty in retailing?
Findings: 87% of all respondents have noticed the communication of Latvian retail store networks on social media and 60% of all respondents have chosen to follow the profile of social networks to one of them, which indicates the untapped opportunities of companies in this respect. Evaluating the communication of Latvian retail store chains, the arithmetic average is 2.68, but for communication on social media - 2.72. It means that in order to increase these indicators, Latvian retail store chains must develop a communication strategy taking into account both the values of the target audience and the basic principles of building relationships with customers. The current research results can serve as grounds for the strategy development.
Femto Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery
Authors: Bonnet Clemence , Al-Hashimi Saba , P. Brézin Antoine , Monnet Dominique 
Published: October 2020

Cataract is a leading cause of blindness in the world, and cataract extraction is one of the most commonly performed surgeries. Preferred surgical techniques have changed over the past decades with associated improvements in outcomes and safety. Phacoemulsification is a highly successful technique first introduced over 40 years ago. It is the current method of cataract surgery, with a very low reported rate of major complications and a frequency of overall intraoperative complications of less than 2%. Application of the femtosecond laser evolved to now assist in cataract surgery and has been termed FLACS (femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery) and occurs in three steps: corneal incisions (including optional limbal relaxing incisions to reduce astigmatism), anterior capsulotomy, and lens fragmentation. The remaining surgical steps still require the surgeon’s hands. The FLACS technique may have some advantages compared with conventional phacoemulsification. It remains however unclear whether FLACS is globally more efficient and safer than conventional surgery. The popularity of FLACS may also be limited by its higher cost compared with conventional surgery. The potential advantages of laser-assisted surgery are yet to be determined as FLACS technology is relatively new and in continuous evolution. This chapter reports scientific data as well as our own experience with this new technology. All the platforms currently available are described.
Microscopic Characteristics of Late Intraocular Lens Opacifications
Authors: Kanclerz Piotr , Yildirim Timur Mert , Khoramnia Ramin 
Published: October 2020

Context.—
The increases in overall life expectancy and in lens surgeries performed on younger patients have resulted in a significant increase in the anticipated duration of artificial intraocular lenses (IOLs) in the eye. Thus, the physicochemical properties of the IOL become a critical issue, and several types of postoperative IOL opacifications have been reported.

Objective.—
To describe the microscopic characteristics of opacified IOLs. Glistenings and subsurface nanoglistenings are fluid-related phenomena developing mainly in hydrophobic acrylic IOLs and are associated with aqueous influx into the IOL matrix. Calcification presents in hydrophilic acrylic or silicone IOLs as deposits of hydroxyapatite or other phases of calcium. Snowflake degeneration is less common, and it manifests in older polymethyl methacrylate IOLs.

Data Sources.—
PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were searched for the following keywords: intraocular lens, IOL, cataract surgery, phacoemulsification, opacification, glistening, subsurface nanoglistenings, calcification, snowflake degeneration. English-language articles published up to October 15, 2019 were included in the study. The manuscript contains mainly a literature review; however, it was supplemented with original investigations from the David J. Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology.

Conclusions.—
Glistenings and subsurface nanoglistenings should be evaluated in a hydrated state and at room temperature; they manifest as microvacuoles sized from 1.0 to greater than 25.0 μm and less than 200 nm, respectively. Calcification deposits are situated on or underneath the surface of the IOL and can be stained with a 1% alizarin red solution or with the von Kossa method. Snowflake degeneration manifests as “particles” or “crystals,” causing whitish IOL discoloration. Scanning electron microscopy or energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy may improve the diagnostic accuracy.
Uncommon Cervical Lesions: A Review and Discussion of the Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Griesinger Laurie M. , Szczepanski Julianne M. , McMullen Emily R. , Skala Stephanie L. 
Published: October 2020

Context.—
While the vast majority of cervical tumors consist of human papillomavirus (HPV)–related squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, a subset of rare tumor types, frequently unrelated to HPV, does occur in this location. These tumors vary widely in prognostic and therapeutic implications, and accurate recognition is crucial to providing appropriate treatment. Some are benign or portend a favorable prognosis (adenoid basal carcinoma, ectopic prostate tissue), while others are frankly malignant lesions with a less favorable prognosis (adenoid cystic carcinoma, HPV-negative endocervical adenocarcinoma, mesonephric adenocarcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and adenosquamous carcinoma).

Objective.—
To review the morphologic features of uncommon cervical lesions, the utility of immunohistochemistry for distinction between these entities, and the clinical and prognostic implications of accurate diagnosis.

Data Sources.—
University of Michigan cases and review of the pertinent literature regarding the entities described.

Conclusions.—
Key morphologic and immunohistochemical features detailed herein will allow for the accurate distinction between these uncommon cervical lesions. Morphology is most useful in discriminating between the entities, as there is frequent immunohistochemical overlap between them; however, in rare instances immunohistochemistry can be useful in resolving the diagnosis.
Percepção materna do estado nutricional do filho sob a óptica da análise dos resíduos ajustados
Authors: Pinasco Gustavo Carreiro , Sales Arthur Brunelli , Santos Carla Venância Aguilar , Cola Elizandra , Barcellos Filho Fabiano Novaes , Rocha João Batista Francalino da , Farina Eduardo Moreno Júdice de Mattos , Fiorotti Willer França , Abreu Luiz Carlos de 
Published: October 2020

Backgroung: The maternal perception of the nutritional status of their children has several important social factors in its composition and it can be important in determine quality of children’s food.
Objective: To assess social factors influencing maternal perception of her children´s nutritional status.
Methods: Cross sectional study with school children from 6 to 10 years from a public school in São Paulo, Brazil. The data was obtained through a structured questionnaire applied to mothers and through children’s body mass index. Associations between variables were analyzed by the Qui-square test andby the adjusted residues analysis, with 5% of significance. The agreement between maternal perception and nutritional status was assessed through the Kappa test.

Results: We found incorrect perception in 45.8% of cases, from which 98.2% were underestimation, with 80% of underestimation for overweight children. We found poor and slight agreement for all cases. Adjusted residuals pointed eutrophic underestimation; better maternal perception forthe obese; better perception for mothers that attained middle and high school levels; underestimation for eutrophic boys and correct perception for eutrophic girls. Single mothers andthose who do not work outside tended to underestimate their eutrophic children.
Conclusion: We found poor agreement for almost all cases, with exception to mothers of girls and those that do not work outside. A correct perception was related positively with lower education levels, being worse for mothers without a partner and for those who do not work outside. Mothers of girls, compared to mothers of boys, had a more accurate perception.