bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2.3 Exosomes Derived From Endothelial Progenitor Cells Modulate Flow-Induced Remodeling and Increase Vasculogeneis in Mesenteric Arteries of Mice
Authors: Bobi Joaquim , Vessieres Emilie , Grimaud Linda , Sabate Manel , Henrion Daniel , Dantas Ana Paula 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExosomes are key regulators of cell-to-cell communication, becoming valuable tool as disease biomarker and in the development of new therapeutic strategies. We aimed to determine the role of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-derived exosomes (EXO) in vascular remodelling induced by flow. C57BL/6 mice underwent chronic changes in flow by mesenteric resistance arteries ligation. Arteries were thus submitted to high flow (HF), low flow (LF), or normal flow (NF). The day before surgery mice received I.P. injection with saline or exosomes (3 × 109 particle/kg), following the treatment every 3 days until sacrifice. After 14 days, arteries were studied in vitro in a pressure arteriograph. Increase in diameter and compliance by pressure found in HF arteries were not seen in EXO treated mice (Figure 1A). Decrease in diameter observed in saline treated LF arteries, was also abolished by EXO treatment. Network analysis of miRNA content in exosomes and arterial mRNA expression revealed an increased expression of components involved in angiogenesis/arteriogenesis (Figure 1B), which could contribute to flow maintenance in the tissue. Mesenteric arteries submitted to LF, HF and NF were isolated and placed in Matrigel matrix for angiogenesis analysis. We observed that change in flow is a trigger for vasculogenesis, which is enhanced by EXO treatment (Figure 1C). This study establishes the potential role of EPC-derived exosomes to regulate vascular remodelling during changes in flow. The mechanisms for these effects involve exosome-derived miRNA regulation of a network of mRNAs implicated in collateral angiogenesis/arteriogenesis, which in turn, may contribute to maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
2.4 Aortofemoral Plethysmographic Volume Wave Velocity Obtained During the Routine 12 Channel ECG Corresponds in its Determinants to Tonometrically Derived Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity
Authors: Skrabal Falko , Weber Thomas , Skrabal Katharina 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The lack of acceptance in clinical routine represents a major obstacle for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) measurements. We thought to include PWV measurements into the 12-channel ECG, which is performed routinely.

Methods
Using the conventional electrode position for the 12 channel ECG, arterial impedance plethysmographic signals were obtained from the four extremities at 40 kHz [1]. It was confirmed that the obtained pulse synchronous volume waves originate at the level of the elbow and the knee. In analogy to cfPWV measurements, the volume wave velocity at the aorta and femoral arteries (VWVtorso) was calculated from the time differences of the plethysmographic signals between arms and legs.

Results
Transit times of R-wave to volume wave at the leg were longer but closely related to tonometrically derived transit times (199 ± 26 vs 134 ± 24 m/sec, n = 115, r = 0.93, p < 0.001). VWVtorso in 115 participants was higher than tonometrically determined cfPWV, (13.2 ± 5.81 vs 8.8 ± 2.98, ± SD, p < 0.001), since muscular arteries are included in VWVtorso. VWVtorso was measured in 825 healthy participants and patients with cardiovascular diseases (aged 16 to 97 years) (Figure 1). In stepwise multiple regression analysis, VWVtorso was found to be related positively to known cardiovascular risk factors such as age, blood pressure, HbA1C and LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001 for all) and also negatively to appendicular muscle mass [2]. VWVtorso corresponds in its physiological determinants closely to those of cfPWV.

Conclusion
These background arterial impedance plethysmographic measurements yielding VWVtorso, made without time delay during routine 12 channel ECG, show promise for large scale, routine clinical assessment of large artery function.
2.5 Differential Association of Central and Peripheral Arterial Compliance with Resting and Recruitable Endothelial Function in Healthy Human Subjects
Authors: Badhwar Smriti , Chandran Dinu , Jaryal Ashok , Narang Rajiv , Patel Chetan , Deepak Kishore Kumar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Regional arterial compliance in peripheral arteries is known to be associated with ‘recruitable’ endothelial function probably mediated by an increase in smooth muscle tone [1]. However, the association between regional arterial stiffness and ‘resting’ endothelial function has not been evaluated.

Methods
Low Flow Mediated Constriction (LFMC) and Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) were measured to evaluate ‘resting’ and ‘recruitable’ endothelial function as change in diameter of the brachial artery (ΔD) during and after 5 minutes of suprasystolic occlusion of the forearm in comparison to baseline artery diameter using B-mode ultrasound (M7, MindRay) in 27 healthy subjects (Age 50.8 ± 9.6 years). Central and peripheral regional arterial stiffness was assessed using applanation tonometry (SphygmocorÒ) to calculate carotid-femoral (cf) and carotid-radial (cr) Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) respectively.

Results
FMD showed a significant negative correlation with crPWV (r = −0.39, p = 0.04) (Figure 1) while LFMC did not correlate with peripheral arterial stiffness. A significant negative correlation was observed between LFMC and cfPWV (r = −0.53, p = 0.006) (Figure 2) but not between FMD and cfPWV.

Conclusion
Impaired NO bioavailability has been identified as the key mechanism associated with reduced FMD and may result in increased smooth muscle tone thereby contributing to a functional decrease in peripheral arterial compliance. The results of the current study suggest that withdrawal of resting vasodilatory influence of NO may not be a major factor involved in LFMC. The exact mechanisms associating resting endothelial function with structural arterial stiffness in the central vessels needs to be further investigated.
3.1 Why Flow Mediated Dilation Fails to Assess True Endothelial Cell Function? A Computational Based Investigation
Authors: Jin Weiwei , Alastruey Jordi , Chowienczyk Phil 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective and Motivation
Endothelial dysfunction is thought to underpin atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, the widely used flow mediated dilation (FMD) in-vivotest of endothelial function relates poorly to clinical outcomes. In this study, we investigated potential confounding factors affecting the FMD test that could prevent FMD from evaluating true endo-thelial cell function.

Methods
Haemodynamics in the larger 116 systemic arteries was simulated using one-dimensional modelling [1] coupled to an endothelial function model relating changes in wall shear stress to changes in local vascular stiffness. Haemodynamics during cuff inflation and deflation were simulated by prescribing time-varying i) transmural pressure changes in the right radial and ulnar 1-D model arterial segments, and ii) peripheral resistances in all right-hand segments. Simulated results were qualitatively tested by comparison against in-vivo data [2].

Results
Our main findings were two. Firstly, by turning off the endothelial function in the model we showed that vasoconstriction immediately after cuff deflation is entirely due to a change in transmural pressure, which offsets shear-mediated vasodilation and leads to a peak dilator response occurring after peak blood flow. Secondly, for the same endothelial function, FMD test values dropped with decreasing peripheral vasodilation, increasing arterial stiffness, and decreasing central blood pressure.

Conclusion
The influence of confounding factors on FMD test results suggests that the current FMD test does not assess true endothelial cell function.
4.1 Hypertension is Associated with Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes only when Both Brachial and Central Blood Pressures are Elevated
Authors: Goupil Remi , Lamarche Florence , Agharazii Mohsen , Madore François 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The range of central blood pressure (BP) found in individuals with high-normal brachial BP overlaps the one found in hypertension (HTN) and normotension. As central BP is possibly a better predictor of cardiovascular (CV) disease, the aim of this study was to determine the risk associated with different central/brachial BP patterns.

Methods
13,759 participants from a populational cohort with central BP and prospective data from governmental databases who were not treated for HTN were selected. Major adverse CV events (MACE) comprised myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure and CV death. Thresholds for brachial and central HTN were identified as 135 and 125 mmHg respectively. Individuals were separated into 4 BP patterns: normal BP; isolated brachial HTN; isolated central HTN; concordant brachial and central HTN. CV risk for each pattern was compared to normal BP with a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for multiple covariables.

Results
688 MACE occurred over a median follow-up of 70.0 months. Characteristics of individuals in each BP phenotype are presented in Table 1. Only the concordant brachial and central HTN pattern had higher risk of MACE [HR: 1.37 95% CI: (1.15–1.64), p = 0.001] compared to normal BP. Sensitivity analyses with different definitions of central HTN and after stratification for sex yielded similar results.

Conclusion
In untreated individuals, both central and brachial BP need to be elevated to increase CV risk. These findings provide support for the utility of routine central BP measurements in clinical practice.

Demographic characteristics
Normal BP (n = 10,611)
Isolated brachial HTN (n = 394)
Isolated central HTN (n = 496)
Concordant HTN (n = 2,258)

n
10,611
394
496
2,258

Age
51 (46–57)
53 (47–60)
54 (49–62)
56 (51–63)

Male sex
43%
88%
38%
58%

Caucasian race
89%
88%
91%
89%

Cardiovascular disease
2%
2%
4%
2%

Diabetes
4%
8%
3%
6%

Active smoking
19%
22%
16%
21%

BMI (kg/m2)
26 ± 5
28 ± 3
28 ± 5
28 ± 5

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)
90 ± 14
87 ± 15
89 ± 14
88 ± 14

10-year Framingham risk score (%)
8 ± 7
17 ± 10
11 ± 7
18 ± 12

LDL-c (mmol/L)
3.1 ± 0.8
3.1 ± 0.9
3.3 ± 0.9
3.3 ± 0.9

Heart rate (bpm)
70 ± 10
77 ± 11
65 ± 9
71 ± 11

Aspirin
6%
8%
11%
9%

Statin
10%
16%
16%
13%
4.2 Biological and Vascular Contributors to Cerebral Pulsatility and Pulsatile Damping
Authors: Lefferts Wesley , DeBlois Jacob , Augustine Jacqueline , Keller Allison , Heffernan Kevin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCerebral pulsatility is an emerging contributor to brain health that reflects the balance between the transmission and damping (i.e. attenuation) of pulsatility through extracranial vessels into the cerebrovasculature. Identifying biological (age, sex) and vascular contributors to pulsatile balance may provide insight into sex differences in brain aging.
Purpose
Explore biological and vascular contributors to cerebral pulsatility and pulsatile damping.

Methods
282 Adults (53% female) 18–85 yrs underwent measurements of cerebral (middle cerebral artery) pulsatility, pulsatile damping (cerebral:carotid pulsatility), large artery stiffening (aortic:carotid pulse wave velocity (PWV)), and carotid wave transmission/reflection dynamics using wave-intensity analysis. Multiple regression was used to examine the contributions of 1) age, sex, BMI, aortic:carotid PWV, carotid diameter, pulse pressure, and forward-wave energy to cerebral pulsatility; and 2) age, sex, BMI, aortic:carotid PWV, carotid diameter, wave reflection index, and suction-wave energy to pulsatile damping.

Results
Age and female sex were predictors of greater cerebral pulsatility and reduced pulsatile damping. Beyond the effects of age and sex, greater large artery stiffening (β = 0.21), pulse pressure (β = 0.28), and forward wave energy (β = 0.26, model R2 = 0.42, p < 0.05) predicted greater cerebral pulsatility, while greater carotid wave reflection index (β = 0.23, model R2 = 0.49, p < 0.05) predicted greater pulsatile damping.

Conclusion
Our data confirms literature linking age and extracranial artery stiffening and hemodynamics to cerebral pulsatility. Our findings suggest age and female sex are associated with reduced damping of pulsatile hemodynamics, while carotid wave reflections enhance pulsatile damping. Lower pulsatile damping among females may contribute to greater cerebral pulsatile burden compared to males.
4.4 Arterial Stiffness can be Modulated by Pressure-Independent Mechanisms in Hypertension
Authors: Faconti Luca , Farukh Bushra , McNally Ryan , Webb Andrew , Chowienczyk Phil 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Effects of short-term interventions on large artery stiffness assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV) have mainly been explained by concomitant changes in blood pressure (BP). However, lower body negative pressure (LBNP), which increases sympathetic activity (SA) has a specific effect on PWV in healthy volunteers [1].

Methods
We examined effects of lower limb venous occlusion (LVO), a similar intervention to LBNP that reduces BP but increases SA and device guided breathing (DBG), which reduces both BP and SA, on PWV in patients with essential hypertension (n = 70 after LVO, n = 45 after DGB and LVO in random order). The short acting calcium channel antagonist nifedipine was used as a control for changes in BP.

Results
LVO produced a small but significant reduction in mean arterial pressure of 1.8 (95% confidence-intervals, 0.3–3.4) mmHg. Despite this, aortic and carotid-femoral PWV increased during LVO by 0.8 (0.2–1.4) m/s and 0.7 (0.3–1.05) m/s respectively. When comparing effects of DGB with nifedipine (n = 19), nifedipine produced a greater reduction in mean arterial pressure compared to DGB (reduction of 13.4 (10.2–17.7) mmHg and 7.7 (6.4–9.0) mmHg respectively, p = 0.009 between the two) but the decrease in PWV was less than that observed with DGB (0.7 (0.1–1.5) m/s and 1.3 (0.8–1.8) m/s respectively, p = 0.022 between the two).

Conclusion
Arterial stiffness can be modulated independently of BP in patients with hypertension. The mechanism could involve alterations in SA influencing the tone of smooth muscle in the aortic wall.
4.5 Increased Central Pulse Pressure in Children Results From Increased Early Ejection Velocity and Increased Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity
Authors: Li Ye , Gu Haotian , Sinha Manish , Chowienczyk Phil 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of the present study was to examine the contribution of left ventricular ejection, arterial stiffness and systemic vascular resistance to essential hypertension in children with hypertension.

Methods
A total of 81 children aged 7 to 18 years (mean age 14 years) including 31 with hypertension and 50 age matched normotensive children were recruited from the paediatric hypertension clinic and local community. 18 (58.1%) hypertensive subjects were taking anti-hypertensive medication. Non-invasive aortic flow velocity, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central blood pressure were measured by Doppler sonography and carotid tonometry system respectively.

Results
Compared with normotensive subjects, those with hypertension had significantly higher central pulse pressure (43 ± 15 vs. 29 ± 8 mmHg, mean ± SD), heart rate (81 ± 15 vs. 73 ± 11 bpm), and cardiac output (5.4 ± 2.0 vs. 4.3 ± 1.2 L/min), p < 0.01 for all comparisons. There was a trend toward increased stroke volume in hypertensive subjects but there were no significant differences in augmentation pressure, reflection index or systemic vascular resistance between the two groups. The increase in central pulse pressure was explained by an altered pattern of ventricular ejection (initial flow increased from 1.1 ± 0.2 to 1.3 ± 0.2 m/s, p = 0.008) and slight increase in pulse wave velocity from 5.7 ± 0.8 to 6.1 ± 0.9 m/s.

Conclusion
These results suggest that increased central pulse pressure in hypertensive compared to normotensive children is explained by an increase in arterial stiffening and altered pattern of ventricular ejection.
4.8 Reference Values for Submaximal Exercise Blood Pressure: the EXERcise Stress Test CollaboratION (EXERTION)
Authors: Martin Schultz , Kovacevic Ann-Marie , Roberts-Thomson Philip , Stanton Tony , Hamilton-Craig Christian , Wahi Sudir , Hare James , Selvanayagam Joseph , Maiorana Andrew , Venn Alison , Sharman James 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Exaggerated blood pressure (BP) during submaximal exercise independently predicts cardiovascular mortality and identifies uncontrolled high BP not detected at rest. However, thresholds for submaximal exercise BP during clinical exercise testing have never been defined from a large representative sample, which was the aim of this study.

Methods
Records from 13,949 people referred for a clinical exercise stress test (aged 52 ± 13 years, 61% male) using the Bruce treadmill protocol (stages 1 to 4 plus peak) were extracted from 4 Australian hospitals over the years 2000–2018. Exercise records were linked to administrative health datasets (hospital admissions and emergency presentations) to define clinical characteristics, including cardiovascular disease history. Thresholds denoting exaggerated BP were defined as > 90th centile at each exercise stage.

Results
SBP and DBP thresholds across all stages were higher in males vs. females (stage-1: 180/90 vs 175/90 mmHg; stage-2: 196/94 vs 190/90 mmHg; stage-3: 204/97 vs 196/91 mmHg; stage-4: 210/100 vs 196/92 mmHg; peak: 215/100 vs 206/95 mmHg). SBP at all stages increased stepwise from the 1st to 4th age quartile (p < 0.05), whilst DBP remained similar (stage-1: 163/90 to 185/92 mmHg; stage-2: 180/90 to 204/95 mmHg; stage-3: 193/90 to 210/95 mmHg, stage-4: 200/91, to 210/96 mmHg; peak: 201/95 to 217/100 mmHg). Results were similar irrespective of cardiovascular disease history.

Conclusion
This is the first study to define submaximal exercise BP thresholds during clinical exercise testing. Thresholds were higher in males compared to females and increased with age. These thresholds may help clinicians to identify people at increased high BP-related risk.
Estimasi Biaya Perangkat Lunak INLIS LITE 3.0 Perpustakaan Nasional Menggunakan Metode Function Points
Authors: Chibbatullah Fatimah , Dewi Renny Sari 
Published: February 2020

In working on a software project the success of the project must begin with the right planning, if planning is wrong it will cause failure and cost overruns will occur. Therefore it is necessary to estimate the right cost to minimize the risk of over-estimates in software projects. Cost estimation in this study uses the Function Point (FP) method which is a method that measures software by measuring the functional perspective of the software to be built. There are 5 components to calculate the FP matrix, namely External Input (EI), External Output (EO), External Inquiry (EI), Internal Logical File (ILF), External File (EIF). From the research that has been done, the estimated cost of developing INLIS LITE 3.0 software, it is concluded that if Perpustakaan Nasional want to develop INLIS LITE 3.0 software, it will require approximately IDR798.906.152 or equivalent to effort 18255,91 man / hour.
Analisis Pengawet Natrium Benzoat pada Selai Stroberi Curah di Pasar Tradisional
Authors: Luwitono Chintya Putri Wira Dhika , Darmawan Petrus 
Published: February 2020

Natrium benzoat merupakan pengawet buatan yang berfungsi untuk membuat makanan menjadi tahan lama. Batas maksimum penggunaan pengawet natrium benzoat pada selai buah menurut SNI 01-0222-1995 sebesar 1 g/kg. Selai stroberi yang berada dipasaran dimungkinkan menggunakan pengawet natrium benzoat yang melebihi batas baku mutu sehingga perlu dilakukan analisis. Penentuan kadar pengawet natrium benzoat dalam selai stroberi sesuai SNI 01-2894-1992 menggunakan metode alkalimetri. Prinsip metode ini adalah terjadinya reaksi netralisasi antara asam dengan basa, dimana ion H+ dari asam akan bereaksi dengan ion OH- dari basa membentuk garam yang netral. Filtrat hasil dari ekstraksi sampel stroberi diuapkan di atas penangas air dan residu yang didapatkan dikeringkan dalam desikator. Residu dilarutkan dalam etanol 70 % netral dan ditambahkan dengan larutan indikator PP 1%. Larutan kemudian dititrasi dengan larutan standar NaOH. Titik akhir titrasi ditandai dengan warna merah muda yang konstan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat 10 sampel selai stroberi curah yang dijual di beberapa pasar tradisional Kecamatan Jebres Surakarta, dimana 8 sampel tersebut positif mengandung natrium benzoat. Kadar pengawet natrium benzoat pada sampel pasar A1 sebesar 1,327 g/kg, sampel pasar A2 sebesar 1,490 g/kg, sampel pasar B1 sebesar 1,030 g/kg, sampel pasar B2 sebesar 1,451 g/kg, sampel pasar C2 sebesar 1,444 g/kg, sampel pasar E sebesar 1,077 g/kg, sampel pasar F1 sebesar 1,431 g/kg dan sampel pasar F2 sebesar 1,635 g/kg. Jika dibandingkan dengan batas maksimum penggunaan natrium benzoat, selai stroberi curah yang dijual di beberapa pasar tradisional Kecamatan Jebres Surakarta yang positif mengandung natrium benzoat tersebut tidak memenuhi syarat SNI 01-0222-1995.
Perbedaan Derajat Aglutinasi Uji Golongan Darah Berdasarkan Teknik Penanganan Sampel dalam Pembuatan Suspensi Sel Darah Merah
Authors: Gunawan Lucia Sincu , Puspita Rumeyda Chitra 
Published: February 2020

Pemeriksaan laboratorium sebelum pemberian transfusi darah (pretransfusion testing) merupakan bagian yang sangat vital dalam kegiatan transfusi. Pada beberapa jenis uji pra transfusi membutuhkan suspensi sel darah merah. Pembuatan suspensi sel bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan reaksi antigen-antibodi sehingga reaksi yang muncul dapat diamati dengan jelas. Praktek kerja penentuan golongan darah menggunakan suspensi sel darah merah, di mana dalam penyediaannya menggunakan fase pencucian yang memakan waktu. Jenis sampel yang digunakan dapat berupa whole blood dengan antikoagulan ataupun sampel darah beku. Karena keterbatasan waktu, maka modifikasi dilakukan pada prosedur baku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan derajat aglutinasi uji golongan darah berdasarkan teknik penanganan sampel dalam pembuatan suspensi sel darah merah. Uji golongan darah Cell Grouping metode tabung dilakukan pada sampel darah vena dengan teknik penanganan sampel yang berbeda yaitu, sampel darah beku tanpa antikoagulan dengan penyimpanan, sampel darah segar dengan langsung penambahan NaCl 0,9%, dan sampel darah antikoagulan EDTA dengan penyimpanan dalam refrigerator 8 – 24 jam dengan suhu 40C. Jumlah sampel untuk tiap jenis penanganan ada 30 sampel, dan dilakukan penilaian derajat aglutinasi pada uji golongan darah, dilakukan oleh 2 analis. Hasil mean derajat agutinasi dibedakan antara 3 teknik pembuatan suspensi dengan sampel NaCl (Mean= 3.88; SD= 0.32), sampel beku (Mean= 3.93; SD= 0.25), dan sampel EDTA (Mean= 3.98; SD= 0.13), namun perbedaan mean tersebut secara statistik tidak signifikan (p>0.05), sehingga dapat disimpulkan ketiga jenis sampel bisa digunakan untuk menggantikan satu dengan lainnya sebagai alternatif sampel yang sebanding dalam pembuatan suspensi sel darah merah untuk menentukan golongan darah ABO metode cell grouping.