bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suspected Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in a COVID-19 Patient on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support: A Case Report.
Authors: Phan Xuan T. , Nguyen Tuan Huu , Tran Tung T. , Huynh Thu-Hien T. , Hoang Thuy-Ha T. , Nguyen Vinh-Chau V. , Pham Thao N. T. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support can be life-saving in critically ill COVID-19 patients. However, there are many complications associated with this procedure, including Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT.) Despite its rarity in ECMO cases, HIT can lead to devastating consequences and is difficult to manage. Case presentation: In this report, we present a case of a COVID-19 patient on ECMO support who was diagnosed with HIT and required intensive treatment. Initially, HIT was only suspected due to newly-developed thrombocytopenia and oxygenator dysfunction, with thrombi observed later. Regarding his treatment, since there was no recommended replacement to heparin available to us at the time of diagnosis, we decided to use rivaroxaban temporarily. No adverse events were recorded during that period. The patient was able to make a full recovery. Conclusion: HIT may jeopardize patient’s care during ECMO. As COVID-19 may bring about a surge in the number of patients requiring ECMO support, we need consented guidance to optimize treatment in this specific situation.
Expanded circulating follicular dendritic cells facilitate immune responses in chronic HBV infection
Authors: Li Xiaoyi , Zhang Qifan , Zhang Wanyue , Ye Guofu , Ma Yanchen , Wen Chunhua , Gu Shuqin , Tang Libo , Li Yongyin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The restoration of host hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific antiviral immunity is an effective strategy for hepatitis B recovery. Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) play a crucial role in immune regulation. The goal of the present study was to investigate the characteristics and functions of FDCs in chronic HBV infection. Methods: The frequencies of FDCs in peripheral blood, liver, and spleen were measured in patients with chronic HBV infection. Isolated FDCs from splenic tissues of HBV-related liver cirrhosis-induced hypersplenism patients were cultured with autologous intrasplenic CD4+ T cells and CD19+ B cells. Results: We observed that patients with chronic HBV infection had a significantly increased frequency of circulating FDCs compared to that of healthy controls. Additionally, the frequency of circulating FDCs was positively correlated with that of intrahepatic and intrasplenic counterparts. Moreover, positive correlations were observed between the frequencies of circulating FDCs and plasmablast and memory B cells, as well as C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5)+CD4+ T cells and CXCR5+CD8+ T cells. Notably, in vitro experimental results demonstrated that FDCs derived from splenic tissues of chronic HBV patients facilitated interferon-γ and interleukin-21 production from autologous intrasplenic CD4+ T cells and promoted the proliferation of autologous intrasplenic CD19+ B cells.Conclusions: Expanded FDCs in patients with chronic HBV infection may favor host immune responses against HBV. The identification of this unique population of cell may contribute to a better understanding of the immune regulatory mechanisms associated with chronic HBV infection and provide a potential immunotherapeutic target for this disease.
Early postpartum dyslipidemia and its potential predictors during pregnancy in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pei Ling , Xiao Huangmeng , Lai Fenghua , Li Zeting , Li Zhuyu , Yue Shufan , Chen Haitian , Li Yanbin , Cao Xiaopei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to analyze the incidence of early postpartum dyslipidemia and its potential predictors in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods: This was a retrospective study. 589 women diagnosed with GDM were enrolled and followed up at 6–12 weeks after delivery. A 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and lipid levels were performed during mid-trimester and the early postpartum period. Participants were divided into the normal lipid group and dyslipidemia group according to postpartum lipid levels. Demographic and metabolic parameters were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression was performed to analyze the potential predictors for early postpartum dyslipidemia. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was calculated to determine the cut-off values.Results: A total of 38.5% of the 589 women developed dyslipidemia in early postpartum and 60% of them had normal glucose metabolism. Delivery age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were independent predictors of early postpartum dyslipidemia in women with a history of GDM. The cut-offs of maternal age, SBP, HbA1c values, and LDL-C levels were 35 years, 123mmHg, 5.1%, and 3.56 mmol/L, respectively. LDL-C achieved a balanced mix of high sensitivity (63.9%) and specificity (69.2%), with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) (0.696). When LDL-C was combined with age, SBP, and HbA1c, the AUC reached to 0.733.Conclusions: A lipid metabolism evaluation should be recommended in women with a history of GDM after delivery, particularly those with a maternal age > 35 years, SBP > 123 mmHg before labor, HbA1c value > 5.1%, or LDL-C levels > 3.56 mmol/L in the second trimester of pregnancy.
Can Pre-Trained Convolutional Neural Networks be used as Feature Extractors for Video-based Neonatal Sleep and Wake Classification?
Authors: Awais Muhammad , Long Xi , Yin Bin , chen Chen , Akbarzadeh Saeed , Abbasi Saadullah Farooq , Irfan Muhammad , Lu Chunmei , Wang Xinhua , Wang Laishuan , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: In this paper, we propose to evaluate the use of a pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as a features extractor followed by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to find the best discriminant features to perform classification using support vector machine (SVM) algorithm for neonatal sleep and wake states using Fluke® facial video frames. Using pre-trained CNNs as feature extractor would hugely reduce the effort of collecting new neonatal data for training a neural network which could be computationally very expensive. The features are extracted after fully connected layers (FCL’s), where we compare several pre-trained CNNs, e.g., VGG16, VGG19, InceptionV3, GoogLeNet, ResNet, and AlexNet.Results: From around 2-h Fluke® video recording of seven neonate, we achieved a modest classification performance with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 65.3%, 69.8%, 61.0%, respectively with AlexNet using Fluke® (RGB) video frames. This indicates that using a pre-trained model as a feature extractor could not fully suffice for highly reliable sleep and wake classification in neonates. Therefore, in future a dedicated neural network trained on neonatal data or a transfer learning approach is required.
Elevated Eosinophil Count Is Related With Lower Anti-Factor Xa Activity In COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Ari Selma , Can Veysi , Demir Ömer Furkan , Ari Hasan , Ağca Fahriye Vatansever , Melek Mehmet , Çamcı Sencer , Dikiş Özlem Şengören , Huysal Kağan , Türk Tamer 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Despite prophylactic anticoagulant treatments, thrombotic complications may develop in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing anti-Factor Xa activity in COVID-19 patients receiving low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Materials and methods: We prospectively evaluated 80 COVID-19 patients, diagnosed using polymerase-chain-reaction test, who were admitted to our clinic and administered LMWH; LMWH (enoxaparin) was applied according to the weight, D-dimer levels, and clinical condition of patients. Anti-Factor Xa activity in blood, drawn 4h after the 3rd dose of LMWH, were measured and a activity of <0.2 IU/ml was considered subprophylactic. Patients were followed up clinically and anti-Factor Xa activity were re-examined before discharge. Results:Groups 1 and 2 included 13 and 67 patients with subprophylactic (mean±SD: 0.18±0.06) and prophylactic (mean±SD: 0.43±0.23) anti-Factor Xa activity, respectively. The proportion of eosinophils in patients was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (mean±SD; 2.96±2.55 vs 0.90±1.28; p=0.001). At the time of discharge the eosinophilic proportion of patients was significantly higher (eosinophil %, mean±SD; 3.06±1.49 vs 2.07±1.92; p=0.001) but the activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly lower (22.34±1.38 vs 24.38±3.58; p=0.01) in group 1 than in group 2. Of 14 patients with eosinophil content >4%, 6 were in group 1 ((6/13) 46.2%) while 8 were in group 2 ((8/63) 11.9%); (p=0.009), and all had a D-dimer level <1µg/mL (p=0.03). ROC analysis for the presence of anticoagulation at subprophylactic level revealed an area under curve of 0.79 (95% CI:0.64-0.93); p=0.001).Conclusions: Elevated eosinophil count is related to lower anti-factor Xa activity in patients with COVID-19 receiving LMWH. (NCT04507282)
Age-dependent Shift in the de Novo Proteome Accompanies Pathogenesis in an Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model
Authors: Elder Megan , Erdjument-Bromage Hediye , Oliveira Mauricio , Mamcarz Maggie , Neubert Thomas , Klann Eric 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, however neuropathological changes begin years before memory impairment. Investigation of the early molecular abnormalities in AD might offer innovative opportunities to target memory impairment prior to onset. Decreased protein synthesis plays a fundamental role in AD, yet the consequences of this dysregulation for cellular function remain unknown. We hypothesize that alterations in the de novo proteome drive early metabolic alterations in the hippocampus that persist throughout AD progression. Using a combinatorial amino acid tagging approach to selectively label and enrich newly synthesized proteins, we found that the de novo proteome is disturbed in young APP/PS1 mice prior to symptom onset, affecting the synthesis of multiple components of the synaptic, lysosomal and mitochondrial pathways. Furthermore, the synthesis of large clusters of ribosomal subunits were affected throughout development. Our data suggest that large-scale changes in protein synthesis could underlie cellular dysfunction in AD.
Ginsenoside Rg3 Inhibits Pulmonary Fibrosis by Preventing HIF-1α Nuclear Localisation
Authors: Fu Zhuo , Xu Yong-sheng , Cai Chun-quan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Excessive fibroblast proliferation during pulmonary fibrosis leads to structural abnormalities in lung tissue and causes hypoxia and cell injury. However, the mechanisms and effective treatment are still limited.Methods: In vivo, we used bleomycin to induce pulmonary fibrosis in mice. IHC and Masson staining were used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3. In vitro, scanning electron microscopy, transwell and wound healing were used to evaluate the cell phenotype of LL 29 cells. In addition, biacore was used to detect the binding of ginsenoside Rg3 and HIF-1α.Results: Here, we find that bleomycin induces the activation of the HIF-1α/TGFβ1 signalling pathway and further enhances the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts through the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Ginsenoside Rg3 can slow down the progression of pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the nuclear localisation of HIF-1α. In addition, molecular docking and biacore experiments indicated that ginsenoside Rg3 can bind HIF-1α and restrict the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in animals. Hypoxia can lead to excessive proliferation of lung fibroblasts and further accelerate lung fibrosis.Conclusions: This finding suggests that early targeted treatment of hypoxia may have potential value in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Prevalence, Burden of Disease, and Lost in Health State Utilities Attributable to Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders and Pain in Chile
Authors: Zitko Pedro , Bilbeny Norberto , Balmaceda Carlos , Abbott Tomas , Carcamo Cesar , Espinoza Manuel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are a leading cause of disability adjusted life years (DALY) in the world. In addition to DALY, other approaches such as the attributable fraction have been proposed to estimate the burden of diseases. We aim to describe the prevalence and to compare the DALYs and loss of health state utilities (LHSU) attributable to common musculoskeletal disorders in Chile.Methods: We used data from the Chilean National Health Survey carried out in 2016-2017. Six musculoskeletal disorder were detected through the COPCOPRD questionnaire: chronic musculoskeletal pain, chronic low back pain, chronic shoulder pain, osteoarthritis of hip and knee, and fibromyalgia. We calculated the DALY for each disorder for 18 sex and age strata, and LHSU at individual and population level. We also calculated the fraction of LHSU attributable to pain.Results: Chronic musculoskeletal pain disorder affects a fifth of the adult population, with a significant difference between sexes. Among specific musculoskeletal disorders highlights chronic low back pain with the highest prevalence. Musculoskeletal disorders are a significant cause of LHSU at the individual level, especially in the case of fibromyalgia. Chronic musculoskeletal pain caused 503,919 [283,940 - 815,132] DALYs in 2017, and roughly two hundred thousand LSHU at population level, which represents 9.7% [8.8 - 10.6] of the total LSHU occurred in that year. Discrepancy in the burden of musculoskeletal disorders was observed according to DALY or LSHU estimation. The pain and discomfort domain of LHSU accounted for around half of total LHSU in people with musculoskeletal disorders. Conclusion: chronic musculoskeletal pain is a major source of burden and LHSU. Fibromyalgia should deserve more attention in future studies. Using the attributable fraction offers a straightforward and flexible way to explore the burden of musculoskeletal disorders.
Lung-Protective Ventilation Increases Cerebral Metabolism and Non-Inflammatory Brain Injury in Porcine Experimental Sepsis
Authors: Nyberg Axel , Gremo Erik , Blixt Jonas , Sperber Jesper , Larsson Anders , Lipcsey Miklós , Pikwer Andreas , Castegren Markus 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Protective ventilation with lower tidal volumes reduces systemic and organ-specific inflammation. In sepsis-induced encephalopathy or acute brain injury the use of protective ventilation has not been widely investigated (experimentally or clinically). We hypothesized that protective ventilation would attenuate cerebral inflammation in a porcine endotoxemic sepsis model. The aim of the study was to study the effect of tidal volume on cerebral inflammatory response, cerebral metabolism and brain injury. Nine animals received protective mechanical ventilation with a tidal volume of 6 mL x kg-1 and nine animals were ventilated with a tidal volume of 10 mL x kg-1. During a 6-hour experiment, the pigs received an endotoxin intravenous infusion of 0.25 µg x kg-1 x h-1. Systemic, superior sagittal sinus and jugular vein blood samples were analysed for inflammatory cytokines and S100B. Intracranial pressure, brain tissue oxygenation and brain microdialysis were sampled every hour. Results: No differences in systemic or sagittal sinus levels of TNF-α or IL-6 were seen between the groups. The low tidal volume group had increased cerebral blood flow (p<0.001) and cerebral oxygen delivery (p<0.001), lower cerebral vascular resistance (p<0.05), higher cerebral metabolic rate (p<0.05) along with higher cerebral glucose consumption (p<0.05) and lactate production (p<0.05). Moreover, low tidal volume ventilation increased the levels of glutamate (p<0.01), glycerol (p<0.08) and showed a trend towards higher lactate to pyruvate ratio (p=0.08) in cerebral microdialysate as well as higher levels of S-100B (p<0.05) in jugular venous plasma compared with medium-high tidal volume ventilation.Conclusions: Contrary to the hypothesis, protective ventilation did not affect inflammatory cytokines. The low tidal volume group had increased cerebral blood flow, cerebral oxygen delivery and cerebral metabolism together with increased levels of markers of brain injury compared with medium-high tidal volume ventilation.
Identification, Systematic Evolution and Expression Analyses of The AAAP Gene Family in Capsicum Annuum
Authors: Pan Xiaoxue , Hu Mingyu , Wang Zhongwei , Guan Ling , Jiang Xiaoying , Bai Wenqin , Wu Hong , Lei Kairong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) family represents a class of proteins that transport amino acids across cell membranes. Members of this family are widely distributed in different organisms and participate in processes such as growth and development and the stress response in plants. However, a systematic comprehensive analysis of AAAP genes of the pepper (Capsicum annuum) genome has not been reported. Results: In this study, we performed systematic bioinformatics analyses to identify AAAP family genes in the C. annuum ‘Zunla-1’ genome to determine gene number, distribution, structure, duplications and expression patterns in different tissues and stress. A total of 53 CaAAAP genes were identified in the ‘Zunla-1’ pepper genome and could be divided into eight subgroups. Significant differences in gene structure and protein conserved domains were observed among the subgroups. In addition to CaGAT1, CaATL4, and CaVAAT1, the remaining CaAAAP genes were unevenly distributed on 11 of 12 chromosomes. In total, 33.96% (18/53) of the CaAAAP genes were a result of duplication events, including three pairs of genes due to segmental duplication and 12 tandem duplication events. Analyses of evolutionary patterns showed that segmental duplication of AAAPs in pepper occurred before tandem duplication. The expression profiling of the CaAAAP by transcriptomic data analysis showed distinct expression patterns in various tissues and response to different stress treatment, which further suggest that the function of CaAAAP genes has been differentiated. Conclusions: This study of CaAAAP genes provides a theoretical basis for exploring the roles of AAAP family members in C. annuum.
Dynamic Modeling and Optimal Control of Cystic Echinococcosis
Authors: Rong Xinmiao , Fan Meng , Zhu Huaiping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Cystic echinococcosis is one of the most severe helminth zoonosis with a drastic impact on human health and livestock industry. Investigating optimal control strategy and assessing the crucial factors are essential for developing countermeasures to mitigate this disease. Methods: Two compartment models were formulated to study the dynamics of cystic echinococcosis transmission, to evaluate the effectiveness of various control measures, and to find the optimal control strategy. Sensitive analyses were conducted by obtaining PRCCs and contour plot were used to evaluate the effect of key parameters on the basic reproduction number. Based on forward-backward sweep method, numerical simulations were employed to investigate effects of key factors on the transmission of cystic echinococcosis and to obtain the optimal control strategy. Results: The food resources of stray dog and invalid sheep vaccination rate, which are always neglected, were significant to the transmission and control of cystic echinococcosis. Numerical simulations suggest that, the implementation of optimal control strategy can significantly reduce the infections. Improving the cost of health education and domestic dog deworming could not decrease human infections. Conclusions: Our study showed that only a long-term use of the optimal control measures can eliminate the disease. Meanwhile, during the intervention, sheep vaccination and stray dogs disposing should be emphasized ahead of domestic dogs deworming to minimize the control cost. Simultaneously reducing other wild intermediate hosts and strengthening the sheep vaccination as well as disposing the stray dogs would be most effective.
The structure, function, and evolution of a complete human chromosome 8
Authors: Eichler Evan , Logsdon Glennis , Vollger Mitchell , Hsieh PingHsun , Mao Yafei , Liskovykh Mikhail , Koren Sergey , Nurk Sergey , Mercuri Ludovica , Dishuck Philip , Rhie Arang , de Lima Leonardo , Dvorkina Tatiana , Porubsky David , Mikheenko Alla , Bzikadze Andrey , Kremitzki Milinn , Lindsay Tina , Jain Chirag , Hoekzema Kendra , Murali Shwetha , Munson Katherine , Baker Carl , Sorensen Melanie , Lewis Alexandra , Surti Urvashi , Gerton Jennifer , Larionov Vladimir , Ventura Mario , Miga Karen , Phillippy Adam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The complete assembly of each human chromosome is essential for understanding human biology and evolution. Using complementary long-read sequencing technologies, we complete the first linear assembly of a human autosome, chromosome 8. Our assembly resolves the sequence of five previously long-standing gaps, including a 2.08 Mbp centromeric α-satellite array, a 644 kbp defensin copy number polymorphism important for disease risk, and an 863 kbp variable number tandem repeat at chromosome 8q21.2 that can function as a neocentromere. We show that the centromeric α-satellite array is generally methylated except for a 73 kbp hypomethylated region of diverse higher-order α-satellite enriched with CENP-A nucleosomes, consistent with the location of the kinetochore. Using a dual long-read sequencing approach, we complete the assembly of the orthologous chromosome 8 centromeric regions in chimpanzee, orangutan, and macaque for the first time to reconstruct its evolutionary history. Comparative and phylogenetic analyses show that the higher-order α-satellite structure evolved specifically in the great ape ancestor, and the centromeric region evolved with a layered symmetry, with more ancient higher-order repeats located at the periphery adjacent to monomeric α-satellites. We estimate that the mutation rate of centromeric satellite DNA is accelerated at least 2.2-fold, and this acceleration extends beyond the higher-order α-satellite into the flanking sequence.
Dyspnea is associated with overall symptom burden in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency
Authors: Rantala Heidi Anniina , Leivo-Korpela Sirpa , Lehto Juho T. , Lehtimäki Lauri 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
Patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency suffer from many symptoms together with dyspnea. We evaluated the association of dyspnea with other symptoms in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or interstitial lung disease.
Results
This retrospective study included 101 patients. Dyspnea was assessed with modified Medical Research Council dyspnea questionnaire (mMRC) and other symptoms with Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) and Depression Scale (DEPS). Patients with mMRC 4 (most severe dyspnea) compared to those with mMRC 0–3 reported higher median (IQR) symptom scores on ESAS in e.g. dry mouth (7.0 (4.0–8.0) vs. 3.0 (1.0–6.0), P < 0.001), tiredness (6.0 (3.0–7.0) vs. 3.0 (1.0–5.0), P < 0.001) and anxiety (3.0 (0.0-5.5) vs. 1.0 (0.0–3.0), P = 0.007). Patients with mMRC 4 were more likely to reach the DEPS threshold for depression compared to those with mMRC 0–3 (42.1% vs. 20.8%, P = 0.028). In conclusion, patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency need comprehensive symptom screening with relevant treatment, as they suffer from many severe symptoms worsening with increased dyspnea.