bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-187 Is Once Enough? First Trial Performance on the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test in a Clinical Sample of Older Adults with Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: K Gettens , M Daly , T Chaudhry , H Duncanson , J Sherman , M Colvin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
There is urgent need for tools that quickly identify neurocognitive disorders (NCD). The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) has high sensitivity for detecting NCD severity (Mild vs. Major) and type (amnestic vs. non-amnestic). However, full administration of three learning trials makes it relatively lengthy. We examined whether first trial performance detects NCD type and severity.

Method
187 patients (Mage = 74.7 ± 6.9, Medu = 16 ± 3.1; 58% male) were clinically evaluated. Diagnoses were Mild NCD—amnestic (N = 55), Mild NCD—non-amnestic (N = 67), Major NCD -amnestic (N = 23), and Major NCD –non-amnestic (N = 42). Free recall accuracy (FRA) [number freely recalled/16 *100] and cued recall accuracy (CRA) [(number of cues provided—number recalled with cues)/16 *100] were calculated for each of 3 learning trials.

Results
First trial performance predicted NCD severity (2 (2) = 7.84, p &lt; .03) and type (2 (1) = 59.0, p &lt; .001). First trial FRA predicted NCD severity (B = −3.29, p &lt; .01). First trial FRA and CRA predicted NCD type (CRA better than FRA, (B = −4.54, p &lt; .001). Third trial accuracy did not predict NCD severity [2 (2) = 5.75, p = .06). Third trial accuracy predicted NCD type [2 (2) = 56.6, p &lt; .001]; third trial FRA performed similarly to first trial FRA.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that first trial FCSRT performance may be enough to screen for neurocognitive disorders. Findings identify free recall accuracy as a better predictor of type and cued recall accuracy a better predictor of NCD severity.
A-191 The Role of Memory in Mathematical Abilities
Authors: W Goulart , E Ailes , C Golden , L Lashley 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To determine the contribution of different types of memory (Visual Memory, Auditory Memory and Visual Working Memory) to mathematical abilities.

Method
The participants were drawn from a deidentified adult clinical database. A multiple regression tested (n = 91, Mage = 29.9, Medu = 13.3, 49% Caucasian, 57% Female) the ability of the Wechsler Memory Scale Fourth edition (WMS-IV) Auditory Memory Index Score, Visual Memory Index Score, and Visual Working Memory Index Score to predict the Key Math-3rd edition (KM3) Total Test Standard Score.

Results
In a standard regression, Visual Memory, Auditory Memory, and Visual Working Memory indexes significantly predicted KM3 Total Test Standard Scores. The regression was statistically significant, F(3,87) = 17.1, p = &lt; .001, R2 = .370. In this model, WMS-IV Visual Working Memory (beta = .338, p = .004) and Auditory Memory (beta = .271, p = .007) added significantly to the prediction.

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that memory is important in mathematical calculations and different types of memory make distinct contributions. Furthermore, the Visual Working Memory Index explained a greater percentage of variance than the Auditory Memory Index. This suggests that visual working memory skills play a greater role in mathematical abilities and highlights the importance of the ability to remember and manipulate figures in our minds when solving math problems. The significance of auditory memory to mathematics may be related to remembering how to solve problems, word problems, and verbal problem-solving strategies. The Visual Memory Index may not have contributed unique variance because this composite may overlap with the Visual Working Memory Index, and academic learning may be stored verbally.
A-196 BVRT Copy and Memory Trial Omission Errors Are Associated With Working Memory and Auditory Comprehension Deficits
Authors: A Vickery , J Moses , A Boese , R Maciel , J Lyu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The goal of this study is to examine the cognitive factors that account for omission errors on the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) copy and memory trials using factorial indices based on raw subtest scores of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III) and the Multilingual Aphasia Examination (MAE).

Method
Participants were referred for assessment at the VA Palo Alto Health Care System. One hundred and forty-three participants were sampled. BVRT omission error scores for the copy and memory trials were factor analyzed with age, education level, WAIS-III Digit Span Forward (DSpF), and Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS). These variables were refactored with the spoken language components of the MAE (naming, repetition, verbal fluency, and auditory comprehension).

Results
BVRT copy and memory omission scores were factorially grouped with age and inversely correlated with LNS. A second factor was composed of positive loadings on DSpF, LNS, and education. The BVRT Copy-and-Memory-Omissions-Age-LNS component was inversely and specifically related to the MAE measure of auditory comprehension. The Digit Span Forward-LNS-Education variable loaded strongly on the MAE Repetition component and secondarily on the MAE Verbal Fluency and Naming components.

Conclusions
BVRT copy and memory trial omission errors are strongly and specifically related to failure of auditory comprehension. Errors of this type are not related to the other three components of spoken language.
A-238 Psychometric Equivalence of Prorated Boston Naming Test Scores after Noose Item Removal
Authors: J Attridge , D Zimmerman , J Davis , S Rolin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The Boston Naming Test (BNT) noose item may offend some examinees. One solution is to omit the item, but the equivalence of prorating the BNT has not been established. This study compared prorated BNT (BNT-P) and standard administration (BNT-S) in physical medicine and rehabilitation patients.

Method
Participants (N = 480) completed the BNT-S in an outpatient evaluation. The sample was 34% female and 91% white with average age and education of 46 (SD = 15) and 14 (SD = 3) years, respectively. Diagnoses included traumatic brain injury (62%), mixed neurologic conditions (21%), and stroke (17%). Item level data were entered; items below the start or basal point were entered as correct. BNT-P was calculated by summing correct responses excluding item 48 and then using cross multiplication and division to estimate the 60-item score equivalent. BNT-P and BNT-S scores were compared via Spearman and concordance correlation (CC) coefficients; reflected and log transformed data were examined with paired t-tests and Westlake equivalence tests. BNT-P and BNT-S difference and scaled scores were examined descriptively.

Results
BNT-P (M = 52.7, SD = 7.0, Mdn = 54) and BNT-S (M = 52.6, SD = 7.1, Mdn = 54) raw scores showed very strong associations (rho = .99; CC = .99). Transformed scores were not significantly different (p = .20) and demonstrated equivalence (+/−1.5 points). Score differences (M = 0.01, SD = 0.30; range − 0.5-1) rounded to 0 in 88% of cases. Scaled scores based on prorated raw scores were the same in 96% of cases with a one-point difference observed in 15 cases and a two-point difference in 2 cases.

Conclusion
Findings support the utility of prorated BNT scores in rehabilitation patients.
A-240 Enhanced Interpretation of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function–Adult Version (BRIEF-A)
Authors: S Trujillo , A Carrillo , J Greene , R Roth , P Isquith , G Gioia , S Iwanicki , C Champ Morera 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function®—Adult Version (BRIEF-A) is a standardized measure that captures an adult’s executive functions in his or her everyday environment. The current study provides additional statistical evidence to support interpretation of BRIEF-A scores across raters and over time.

Method
Participants were adults, ages 18 to 90 years, from the BRIEF-A Self-Report (N = 1,050) and Informant-Report (N = 1,200) standardization samples, as well as an interrater sample (n = 180) and test–retest samples (n = 50 for Self, n = 44 for Informant). Interrater correlations, base rates of interrater differences, and score differences required for statistical significance were examined. Test–retest correlations and score differences required for statistical significance were examined. Base rates of elevated T scores (≥ 65) were calculated for the standardization samples across age groups.

Results
Interrater correlations ranged from .44 to .68 with an interrater difference of 17–20 T-score points considered significant at p &lt; .05. Approximately 55–73% of raters reported scores within 10 T-score points. Test–retest scores were highly correlated (Self: r = .82–.94; Informant: r = .91–.96), with a between-test difference of 7–11 T-score points considered significant at p &lt; .05. Base rates of elevated T- scores ranged from 3.3% to 15.4% for the Self-Report Form and 4.5% to 16.3% for the Informant-Report Form across the scales/indexes.

Conclusions
These data allow clinicians to interpret BRIEF-A scores across raters and over time by determining the statistical significance of BRIEF-A score differences, as well as quantifying the frequency of the observed differences.
A-242 Examining Normative Reference Values and Item-Level Symptom Endorsement for the Neuro-QoLTM v2.0 Cognitive Function-Short Form
Authors: G Iverson , E Connors , J Marsh , D Terry 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
We examined the normative reference values, item-level symptom endorsement, internal consistency reliability, and the base rates of symptoms endorsed for the Neuro-QoLTM v2.0 Cognitive Function-Short Form.

Method
The Neuro-QoLTM v2.0 Cognitive Function-Short Form is a fixed 8-item scale that measures subjective cognitive functioning. Raw scores range from 8–40, with higher scores indicating less cognitive concerns. Adults from the general US population completed the scale. The sample was stratified by gender and health status. Individuals were included in the healthy subgroup if they reported no personal history of mental health, neurological, or sleep disorders and rated their overall health, functioning, and quality of life as “good” or better.

Results
A normative sample of 1,009 adults completed this scale and their mean score was 32.60 (SD = 6.89). The healthy subgroup (n = 475) had a higher mean, suggesting less perceived cognitive difficulties (M = 35.12, SD = 5.57). This pattern was consistent for men (all men, M = 31.26, SD = 7.10; healthy men, M = 33.86, SD = 5.95) and women (all women, M = 33.89, SD = 6.43; healthy women, M = 36.42, SD = 4.85). The base rates of those who reported zero cognitive symptoms were consistently higher among the healthy samples (healthy men = 79.2%; all men = 63.9%; healthy women = 90.2%; all women = 80.0%). Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha and ranged from 0.87 to 0.94 across groups.

Conclusions
The Neuro-QoLTM v2.0 Cognitive Function-Short Form is a brief, efficient, and reliable measure of perceived cognitive difficulties. The subgroup normative reference values and base rate analyses of individual symptom endorsement presented herein can be used by clinicians and researchers for a more refined interpretation of the scale.
A-244 Examining the Effects of Computer Operating Configuration on Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics V 4.0 (ANAM4) Reaction Time: A Repeated Measures Approach with Clinical and Research Implications
Authors: W Cole , J Arrieux , B Ivins 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Computerized cognitive tests are vulnerable to measurement error due to hardware and software configurations of the administration computer. Though automatic score corrections are often provided to account for this, they may mask subtle individual variations in test performance. We investigated the group and individual impact of correcting for measurement error while accounting for possible order effects using data from a larger study of computer platform effects on reaction time measurement.

Methods
ANAM4 TBI Military’s Simple Reaction Time (SRT) subtest was administered repeatedly on three different computer platforms. We compare two of those platforms: Platform 1, a Dell D630 configured for ANAM4 TBI Military administration; Platform 3, a Dell E6540 with default settings. A mechanical arm with a preset RT was first used to capture measurement error on each platform. SRT was then administered to healthy US Army soldiers in a randomly selected administration order, such that platform 1 was first and platform 3 was third for n = 58 and platform 3 was first and platform 1 second for n = 53.

Results
Platform 3 was on average 43.06 ms slower than Platform 1. Group analyses suggested applying a 43.06 ms correction to Platform 3 scores resulted in scores similar to Platform 1. However, it appears there were subtle practice and fatigue effects for some individuals that were possibly masked by the score correction.

Conclusion
Correcting for error due to computer configurations is important in RT measurement, though there may be subtle individual statistical and clinical implications that are lost at a group analysis level.
A-251 3q29 Deletion Syndrome and Neuropsychological Functioning: Fraternal Twin Case Study
Authors: D Nemeth , K Chustz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The 3q29 Deletion Syndrome, first described in 2005, is a rare chromosomal disorder which results in a wide array of symptoms. Affected individuals present with complex neuropsychiatric profiles. The associated phenotype for this syndrome may include developmental delay, intellectual disabilities, attentional deficits, behavioral disturbances, and social and emotional issues. These individuals are at a higher risk of developing autism or schizophrenia. This case study describes the neuropsychological profiles of two fraternal twin girls, age 7, only one of whom was diagnosed with 3q29 Deletion Syndrome.

Methods
Both girls received comprehensive neuropsychoeducational evaluations to compare and contrast the following dimensions: Neurocognitive, Intellectual, Educational, Attentional, School Behavioral, Affective, and Personality Functioning.

Results
Twin 1, positive for 3q29 Deletion Syndrome, exhibits significant affective, behavioral, and cognitive difficulties secondary to her chromosomal disorder, which included learning disabled and oppositional presentations and emotional dyscontrol. Twin 2 exhibited superior intellectual and social functioning.

Conclusions
This study contributes to the understanding of the clinical presentation of 3q29 Deletion Syndrome by examining the relationship between fraternal twin sisters. Findings are consistent with earlier reports of the chromosomal disorder’s phenotype, yielding neurocognitive, emotional, and behavioral difficulties. Though the twins have widely different neuropsychological profiles, they have a close relationship. Twin 2, who models excellent prosocial behaviors, will be an asset to Twin 1 in all spheres. Ongoing efforts to improve Twin 1’s neuropsychological, social/emotional, and behavioral functioning will be facilitated via both psychological and psychopharmacological interventions.
A-256 A Unique Bilingual Phenotype in the Context of Late Onset MELAS
Authors: Y Patino , M Diaz-Santos 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a progressive disease with typical onset before age 40 characterized by eventual neurocognitive deterioration. This case study highlights bilingual-bicultural neuropsychological principles within the Socially Responsible Neuropsychology (SRN) model to illustrate the phenotypic presentation of bilingual late-onset MELAS.

Method
The case is a 56-year-old, right-handed, bilingual Latino male (L1 Spanish, L2 English) with 16 years of education in his country of origin and 22 years as an industrial engineer in the U.S. At age 52, he was diagnosed with MELAS after an abrupt episode of olfactory hallucinations and dysgraphia in both languages. MRI revealed acute infarcts in the right parietal lobe and left cerebellum. He was referred for neuropsychological assessment 4 years later to evaluate reported neurocognitive decline and deterioration of L2, and to assist in targeted treatment planning.

Results
The clinical interview revealed significant decline in both receptive and expressive L2 English language capabilities, particularly relative to baseline as an industrial engineer, with relative sparing of L1 Spanish. Consistent with prior acute right hemisphere strokes, the neurocognitive profile also revealed lateralized impairment in visuospatial skills and memory. Notably verbal learning and memory in the mesial temporal system was preserved.

Conclusions
This case study illustrates how late L2 acquisition can lead to bilateral language representation, altering the phenotype of late-onset MELAS. Application of the SRN model highlights the importance of including background information regarding language acquisition and current language use to illustrate a unique bilingual MELAS phenotype and its impact on language loss and recovery.
The Addition of Partial or Circumferential Liposuction to Abdominoplasty Is Not Associated With a Higher Risk of Skin Necrosis
Authors: Raghuram Anjali C , Yu Roy P , Gould Daniel J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Combining abdominoplasty with liposuction is a common practice for optimal patient aesthetic outcomes. In the past, several practitioners have argued against liposuction due to the potential for vascular insufficiency, especially with central liposuction. Despite these concerns for flap damage with resultant necrosis, the incidence of this complication has not been comprehensively investigated.

Objectives
The authors therefore examined the incidence of necrotic complications, including skin and fat necrosis as well as partial/total flap loss, in patients who underwent abdominoplasty alone (AA) or abdominoplasty with partial or circumferential liposuction (APCL).

Methods
Literature searches were performed in PubMed/Medline and Embase with no query limits. For the systematic review, data from the studies were extracted into a form including primary author, publication year, study design, number of AA and APCL patients, abdominal zone(s) treated with liposuction, average lipoaspirate volume, follow-up time, necrotic complications, and revision procedures. A meta-analysis was separately performed for 13 studies that included patients who underwent both AA and APCL.

Results
The overall rate of necrotic complications was lower in the APCL group (0.39%) compared with the AA group (1.01%). The incidence of necrotic complications was low for all patients, with a pooled partial flap loss rate of 0.24% and a pooled skin necrosis rate of 0.23%. The forest plots revealed that patients who underwent APCL do not face a higher risk of skin necrosis or revision compared with those who underwent AA.

Conclusions
Performing APCL is a safe combined procedural approach and can confer added benefits of improved patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 4
The promise of placental extracellular vesicles: models and challenges for diagnosing placental dysfunction in utero†
Authors: Block Lindsey N , Bowman Brittany D , Schmidt Jenna Kropp , Keding Logan T , Stanic Aleksandar K , Golos Thaddeus G 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMonitoring the health of a pregnancy is of utmost importance to both the fetus and the mother. The diagnosis of pregnancy complications typically occurs after the manifestation of symptoms, and limited preventative measures or effective treatments are available. Traditionally, pregnancy health is evaluated by analyzing maternal serum hormone levels, genetic testing, ultrasonographic imaging, and monitoring maternal symptoms. However, researchers have reported a difference in extracellular vesicle (EV) quantity and cargo between healthy and at-risk pregnancies. Thus, placental EVs (PEVs) may help to understand normal and aberrant placental development, monitor pregnancy health in terms of developing placental pathologies, and assess the impact of environmental influences, such as infection, on pregnancy. The diagnostic potential of PEVs could allow for earlier detection of pregnancy complications via noninvasive sampling and frequent monitoring. Understanding how PEVs serve as a means of communication with maternal cells and recognizing their potential utility as a readout of placental health have sparked a growing interest in basic and translational research. However, to date, PEV research with animal models lags behind human studies. The strength of animal pregnancy models is that they can be used to assess placental pathologies in conjunction with isolation of PEVs from fluid samples at different time points throughout gestation. Assessing PEV cargo in animals within normal and complicated pregnancies will accelerate the translation of PEV analysis into the clinic for potential use in prognostics. We propose that appropriate animal models of human pregnancy complications must be established in the PEV field.