bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors in B cell competition and immunodominance
Authors: Abbott Robert K. , Crotty Shane 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe majority of all vaccines work by inducing protective antibody responses. The mechanisms by which the B cells responsible for producing protective antibodies are elicited to respond are not well understood. Interclonal B cell competition to complex antigens, particularly in germinal centers, has emerged as an important hurdle in designing effective vaccines. This review will focus on recent advances in understanding the roles of B cell precursor frequency, B cell receptor affinity for antigen, antigen avidity, and other factors that can substantially alter the outcomes of B cell responses to complex antigens. Understanding the interdependence of these fundamental factors that affect B cell responses can inform current vaccine design efforts for pathogens with complex proteins as candidate immunogens such as HIV, influenza, and coronaviruses.
Dissolved Uranium and Arsenic in Unregulated Groundwater Sources – Western Navajo Nation
Authors: Jones Lindsey , Credo Jonathan , Parnell Roderic , Ingram Jani C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConcentrations of dissolved uranium (U) and arsenic (As) above drinking water standards in unregulated water sources pose various human health risks. Although high natural background concentrations may occur in some environments (Runnells et al. 1992), anthropogenic contamination concerns are especially troublesome on the Navajo Nation (NN), where past U mining activity may have contaminated water supplies. This research investigated U and As groundwater contamination issues in unregulated wells in the western portion of the NN. Objectives of this research were to provide insights to human health risks by assessing the spatial extent and seasonal variability of U and As concentrations while effectively communicating the potential contamination risks to the local Navajo people. Eighty‐two unregulated wells were sampled in 2018; nine of these sources exceeded the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for drinking water standards for U (30 µg/L), and 14 exceeded the MCL for drinking water standards for As (10 µg/L). U and As levels were highest in the southwest portion of the study area and seasonal variability was observed in a subset of wells, especially shallower hand dug wells and hand pumps. The results were compiled into a report that was presented to NN chapters included in the study as well as the Navajo Department of Water Resources and the NN Environmental Protection Agency. Implications for regional water quality patterns can help to direct policy recommendations for well monitoring, water use, and remediation targets.
A mobile game as a support tool for children with severe difficulties in reading and spelling
Authors: Ronimus Miia , Eklund Kenneth , Westerholm Jari , Ketonen Ritva , Lyytinen Heikki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe used a randomized controlled trial to investigate if a mobile game, GraphoLearn (GL), could effectively support the learning of first graders (N = 70), who have severe difficulties in reading and spelling. We studied the effects of two versions of the game: GL Reading, which focused on training letter‐sound correspondence and word reading; and GL Spelling, which included additional training in phonological skills and spelling. During the spring of first grade, the children trained with tablet computers which they could carry with them during the six‐week intervention. The average exposure time to training was 5 hr 44 min. The results revealed no differences in the development of reading or spelling skills between GL players and the control group. However, pre‐training self‐efficacy moderated the effect among GL Reading players: children with high self‐efficacy developed more than the control group in word reading fluency, whereas children with low self‐efficacy developed less than the control group in spelling.
MiR‐106b inhibition suppresses inflammatory bone destruction of wear debris‐induced periprosthetic osteolysis in rats
Authors: Yu Binqing , Bai Jiaxiang , Shi Jian , Shen Jining , Guo Xiaobin , Liu Yu , Ge Gaoran , Lin Jiayi , Tao Yunxia , Yang Huilin , Xu Yaozeng , Qu Qiuxia , Geng Dechun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAseptic loosening caused by periprosthetic osteolysis (PPO) is the main reason for the primary artificial joint replacement. Inhibition of inflammatory osteolysis has become the main target of drug therapy for prosthesis loosening. MiR‐106b is a newly discovered miRNA that plays an important role in tumour biology, inflammation and the regulation of bone mass. In this study, we analysed the in vivo effect of miR‐106b on wear debris‐induced PPO. A rat implant loosening model was established. The rats were then administrated a lentivirus‐mediated miR‐106b inhibitor, miR‐106b mimics or an equivalent volume of PBS by tail vein injection. The expression levels of miR‐106b were analysed by real‐time PCR. Morphological changes in the distal femurs were assessed via micro‐CT and histopathological analysis, and cytokine expression levels were examined via immunohistochemical staining and ELISA. The results showed that treatment with the miR‐106b inhibitor markedly suppressed the expression of miR‐106b in distal femur and alleviated titanium particle‐induced osteolysis and bone loss. Moreover, the miR‐106b inhibitor decreased TRAP‐positive cell numbers and suppressed osteoclast formation, in addition to promoting the activity of osteoblasts and increasing bone formation. MiR‐106b inhibition also significantly regulated macrophage polarization and decreased the inflammatory response as compared to the control group. Furthermore, miR‐106b inhibition blocked the activation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT and NF‐κB signalling pathways. Our findings indicated that miR‐106b inhibition suppresses wear particles‐induced osteolysis and bone destruction and thus may serve as a potential therapy for PPO and aseptic loosening.
Identification of castration‐resistant prostate cancer‐related hub genes using weighted gene co‐expression network analysis
Authors: Cheng Yifei , Li Lu , Qin Zongshi , Li Xiao , Qi Feng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProstate cancer is the most common malignancy in urinary system and brings heavy burdens in men. We downloaded gene expression profile of mRNA and related clinical data of GSE70768 data set from public database. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the relationships between gene modules and clinical features, as well as the candidate genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were developed to investigate the potential functions of related hub genes. Importantly, basic experiments were performed to verify the relationship between hub genes and the phenotype previously identified. Lastly, copy number variation (CNV) analysis was conducted to explore the genetical alteration. WGCNA identified that black module was the most relevant module which was tightly related to castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) phenotype. KEGG and GO analysis results revealed genes in black module were mainly related to RNA splicing. Additionally, 9 genes were chosen as hub genes and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (HNRNPA2B1), golgin A8 family member B (GOLGA8B) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 3 (MAPK8IP3) were identified to be associated with PCa progression and prognosis. Moreover, all above three genes were highly expressed in CRPC‐like cells and their suppression led to hindered cell proliferation in vitro. Finally, CNV analysis found that amplification was the main type of alteration of the 3 hub genes. Our study found that HNRNPA2B1, GOLGA8B and MAPK8IP3 were identified to be tightly associated with tumour progression and prognosis, and further researches are needed before clinical application.
Efficacy of prucalopride in critically ill patients with paralytic ileus: A pilot randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Jandee Sawangpong , Wetwittayakhlang Panu , Boonsri Pattira 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimParalytic ileus is a common intestinal dysfunction in critically ill patients, which results in complications and poor hospital outcomes. There are still no established effective medications, except correcting the primary causes and prokinetics trial, which have limited efficacy and potential adverse events. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of prucalopride on paralytic ileus in critically ill patients.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of five consecutive days treatment periods was conducted. Critically ill patients with paralytic ileus were included. The primary endpoint was the improvement of bowel dilatation on plain abdominal radiography. The secondary endpoint was the change of abdominal circumference.ResultsTwenty patients were consecutively enrolled in the study. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics of patients. The common causes of hospitalization were infection and respiratory problems. The maximum large bowel diameters dramatically decreased in prucalopride group and reached maximum point on the third day after intervention when compared with placebo (−2.1 [± 1.8] vs 0.3 [± 1.5] cm, P = 0.01). The maximum small bowel diameters were noticeably less decreased and were not significantly different when compared with placebo. The abdominal circumferences notably decreased and significantly diverged from placebo on the third day.ConclusionsPrucalopride was an effective enterokinetic agent to improve non‐severe inflammatory/ischemic bowel conditions related paralytic ileus in critically ill patients. Its effect was predominant on large intestine but could not be well demonstrated on small bowel in this study. Future study or concomitant other prokinetics for upper gut motility should be further evaluated.
Biological relationships and frontal sinus similarity in skeletal remains with known genealogical data
Authors: Cvrček Jan , Rmoutilová Rebeka , Čechová Markéta , Jor Tomáš , Velemínská Jana , Brůžek Jaroslav , Naňka Ondřej , Velemínský Petr 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFrontal sinus analysis has potential utility for detecting biologically related individuals. However, the methodological approach to its evaluation, as well as its informative value, have been questioned. The aim of this work is to introduce a new approach to evaluating the frontal sinus using the ‘external supraorbital line’ (ESOL) and to determine whether there are sex differences within families in frontal sinus measurements and whether frontal sinus similarity reflects known genetic relationships in both measurements and morphology. We examined the skeletal remains of 41 adult individuals (25 males, 16 females), all members of one family over four generations (19th to 20th centuries), including individuals with very close consanguinity. CT images of skulls were acquired, and both the dimensions and morphology of the frontal sinuses were analyzed using their portions above the ESOL. No significant sex differences were found within families based on frontal sinus dimensions. Significant relationships were found between biological distance and the maximum height and morphology of the frontal sinuses. The greatest degree of similarity was found among closely related individuals. Additionally, in several cases, there was a greater degree of similarity between first cousins or grandparents and their grandchildren than among siblings or parents and their children. Total surface, volume and width are not significant indicators of relatedness. Known genetic relationships are also supported by individual morphological features. Variability within families with very close consanguineous relationships was lower than within families with common degrees of consanguinity, although differences are significant only for some variables.
Pregnancy outcomes after laparoscopic pectopexy surgery: A case series
Authors: Bagli Ihsan , Tahaoglu Ali E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimWe aimed to present the outcomes of five pregnant women who had laparoscopic pectopexy in their past.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed all female patients who underwent modified laparoscopic pectopexy between 2016 and 2018 at our hospital. Polypropylene monofilament mesh was used for the pectopexy procedure in 36 cases of women suffering from apical pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Five women were pregnant at different dates after the surgery; we included them in the study (n = 5). We collected data including age, gravidity, parity, magnetic resonance image, sonographic image, POP – Quantification scores, neonatal results from the hospital database.ResultsAfter uneventful examinations during pregnancy, four women delivered via caesarean section; one of them got pregnant again and delivered successfully. We did not see relapse in apical prolapse or other compartments 3, 6 and 12 months after delivery. All women gave high satisfaction scores regarding POP at 12 months after delivery.ConclusionLaparoscopic pectopexy is an effective and alternative procedure for women with POP and a good option for preserving fertility. We found that pregnancy did not adversely affect the short‐term success of laparoscopic pectopexy, and vice versa.
Receptivity markers in endometrial mesenchymal stem cells of recurrent implantation failure and non‐recurrent implantation failure women: A pilot study
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Sedighe , Mohammadi Akbar , Mahdinejad Neda , Ghofrani Faezeh , Ghasemzadeh‐Hasankolaei Mohammad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimEndometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSC) have a vital role in regeneration of endometrium during menstrual cycles. Since it has been suggested that (eMSC) likely play a role in uterine receptivity and establishment of pregnancy, we aimed to evaluate the expression levels of five most known receptivity markers‐Integrin (ITG) β1, Rac1, HoxA11, ITGβ3 and Noggin‐in eMSC of recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and non‐RIF women.MethodsHuman eMSC were isolated from menstrual blood (MB) of RIF and non‐RIF women. The isolated eMSC characterized based on their morphological and behavioral characteristics, expression of MSC‐specific surface CD markers and their capacity of differentiation into osteocytes and adipocytes. The expression levels of the five mentioned receptivity markers were analyzed with real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.ResultsOur findings revealed that RIF and non‐RIF eMSC expressed all tested genes at different levels. ITGb1 expression in RIF eMSC was lower than its expression in non‐RIF cells. On the other hand, all the other markers were expressed at higher levels in RIF eMSC than in non‐RIF cells although only HOXA11 and ITG β3 showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) higher expression levels.ConclusionThis pilot study on determination of the expression levels of uterine receptivity markers in eMSC interestingly indicated that RIF and non‐RIF eMSC were different regarding the expression of these markers. Future studies using these findings can brighten up more the role of eMSC in the endometrium receptivity and establishment of pregnancy.
The Role of Conflicting Representations and Uncertainty in Internal Error Detection During L2 Learning
Authors: Bultena Sybrine , Danielmeier Claudia , Bekkering Harold , Lemhöfer Kristin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInternal error monitoring as reflected by the error‐related negativity (ERN) component can give insight into the process of learning a second language (L2). Yet, early stages of learning are characterized by high levels of uncertainty, which obscures the process of error detection. We examine how uncertainty about L2 syntactic representations, induced by different levels of language conflict, is reflected in ERN patterns during learning. German learners of Dutch performed a feedback‐guided gender decision task in their L2 and provided subjective certainty ratings for their responses. Initially, high‐conflict items yielded more uncertainty and ERN modulations were reversed (i.e., correct responses elicited larger amplitudes than errors). Two rounds of feedback resulted in an increase of accuracy, reduced uncertainty, and normalization of the ERN effect, signaling effective error monitoring. These outcomes demonstrate how subjective intuitions about response accuracy affect performance monitoring during L2 learning.
Testing the nutritional relevance of food‐based dietary guidelines with mathematical optimisation of individual diets
Authors: Maillot M. , Darmon N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMathematical optimisation of diets is generally used to translate nutrient‐based recommendations into healthy food choices but can also be used to assess the possible impact of food‐based dietary guidelines (FBDG) on nutrient intakes. Optimisation of individual diets, which allows individual variability of food consumption to be taken into account, generates more robust results and more realistic diets than population diet optimisation. It was used to simulate the impact on nutrient intakes of complying with the new French FBDGs. For each observed diet of adults in the French INCA2 survey, a new isoenergetic diet was designed to meet all food consumption frequencies recommended by the new French FBDGs, as interpreted by the constraints included in a model called DP2. Because the dairy food group is the only one whose guideline has been reduced (from 3 to 2 portions/day) compared to the previous FBDGs, an alternative model, called DP3, imposing 3 daily portions of dairy products instead of 2 was also tested. Diets optimised with the DP2 model had lower energy density and higher nutrient density than the observed diets, and inadequate intakes decreased for most vitamins and minerals. With the alternative DP3 model, the decrease in saturates was less pronounced than with 2 portions/day of dairy products (13.8%, 11.9% and 12.8% energy in observed diets and in DP2 and DP3, respectively), but calcium adequacy was improved instead of being worsened (51%, 58% and 16% of inadequacy in observed diets and in diets modelled with 2 portions/day and 3 portions/day of dairy products, respectively). Individual diet optimisation is a powerful tool for assessing the nutritional relevance of existing FBDGs and to test possible alternatives.
Pericardial effusion following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes
Authors: Tinianow Alex , Gay James C. , Bearl David W. , Connelly James A. , Godown Justin , Kitko Carrie L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPCE is a complication of HSCT that has previously been described in small single‐center studies. This study aimed to assess the frequency of, risk factors for, and outcomes of children with a PCE following HSCT across a large multi‐center cohort. All patients ≤21 years undergoing first HSCT (1/2005‐9/2015) were identified from the Pediatric Health Information System. ICD‐9 codes were used to identify patients with a PCE during or following the transplant encounter. Multivariable modeling assessed risk factors for developing a PCE and assessed the impact of PCE on patient outcome. Of 10 455 included patients, 739 (7.1%) developed a PCE (median 69 days post‐HSCT, interquartile range 33‐165 days). PCE developed more commonly in allogeneic vs autologous HSCT recipients (9.1% vs 2.9%, P < .001). Among allogeneic HSCT recipients, independent risk factors for PCE included thrombotic microangiopathy (AHR 2.94, 95% CI 2.16‐4.00), heart failure (AHR 2.07, 95% CI 1.61‐2.66), PCE pre‐HSCT (AHR 1.92, 95% CI 1.19‐3.09), arrhythmia (AHR 1.76, 95% CI 1.44‐2.16), graft‐versus‐host disease (AHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.05‐1.62), female sex (AHR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07‐1.52), and malignancy (AHR 1.28, 95% CI 1.02‐1.60). Allogeneic HSCT patients with PCE demonstrated worse survival than those without PCE (5‐year survival 50.8% vs 76.9%, P < .001). PCE was independently associated with mortality (AHR 1.96, 95% CI 1.62‐2.37) following allogeneic HSCT and was not impacted by pericardial intervention. PCE occurs more commonly in patients following allogeneic (vs autologous) HSCT and is associated with inferior outcomes.
Area and volume computation of longitude–latitude grids and three‐dimensional meshes
Authors: Kelly Kevin , Šavrič Bojan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLongitude–latitude grids are commonly used for surface analyses and data storage in GIS. For volumetric analyses, three‐dimensional meshes perpendicularly raised above or below the gridded surface are applied. Since grids and meshes are defined with geographic coordinates, they are not equal area or volume due to convergence of the meridians and radii. This article compiles and presents known geodetic considerations and relevant formulae needed for longitude–latitude grid and mesh analyses in GIS. The effect of neglecting these considerations is demonstrated on area and volume calculations of ecological marine units.
Radiographic determination of normal canine femoral alignment in the sagittal plane: A cadaveric pilot study
Authors: Peterson Jennifer L. , Torres Bryan T. , Hutcheson Kyle D. , Fox Derek B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo establish a reliable methodology for radiographic determination of alignment of the normal canine femur in the sagittal plane.Study designCadaveric pilot study.Sample populationTwenty‐nine cadaveric canine femurs.MethodsFemoral specimens were collected from the University of Missouri veterinary anatomy laboratory, and standardized sagittal plane radiographs were obtained. The anatomic and mechanical axes, joint orientation, lines and joint orientation angles were determined in the sagittal plane by using the center of rotation of angulation methodology. Landmarks were clearly described to allow repeatability and reliability of measurements. Three observers with various degrees of experience measured two centers of rotation of normal angulation, the anatomic caudoproximal femoral angle, and the mechanical caudodistal femoral angle for all femurs on three separate days. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability were measured by using two‐way mixed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) with associated 95% CI.ResultsTwenty‐nine medium to large breed canine femora were measured. A high degree of correlation was present both among and between observers for all measurements performed, as defined by an ICC >0.8 for each.ConclusionThe described methodology was reliable and repeatable for measurement of angulation of grossly normal canine femora in the sagittal plane when performed by observers with varying degrees of clinical experience, as evidenced by a high degree of correlation for all values measured.Clinical significanceThis methodology may be used for standardized evaluation of alignment of canine femora in the sagittal plane.