bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculation algorithm of the building of CLT for the Russian Federation
Authors: Gotcadze A G , Vasin E E , Shabikova E G 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The design of modern CLT structures in Russia is still under development. This calculating algorithm is proposed for designing of the CLT structures in Russia. The calculation of the CLT was carried out in accordance with the Russian codes of SP 64.13330.2017 Timber structures. The calculation algorithm allows, on the one hand, to automate the design and, on the other hand, to calculate the CLT according to the existing Russian codes of SP 64.13330.2017 Timber structures, and from the third, to obtain some necessary value of compression stress perpendicular to the CLT plane. In our case modelling was done in the Revit software for computer-aided design that implements the principle of building information modelling. For comparison internal stresses (shear, tensile and compressive) with the design resistance accordance with Russian codes “CП” calculation results were obtained from the program Dlubal RFEM (finite element structural analysis program).To obtain new values of compression stress perpendicular to the CLT plane and its subsequent verification, there is a branch in the algorithm.
Establishing relevant regulatory framework for construction cost calculation in BIM-systems
Authors: Mamaeva O A , Burakov S M , Savenkov A N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Nowadays Building Informational Modeling (BIM-technologies) adoption into the design, construction and operation of capital construction projects is currently a national priority. Optimization of construction costs is also within the state interest. For these reasons, one of the most important functions of BIM-systems which are currently being developed and implemented is the assessment of construction costs at various stages of the full life cycle of different construction objects. At the moment, this function is not fully implemented in software programs used to create BIM-models of capital construction. This paper focuses upon a structure of construction cost development at different stages of the life cycle of an investment and construction project integrated into BIM-systems (as well as the levels of development of its BIM-model). The researchers also introduce a system of estimated standards and indices relevant for BIM-products which can be used to determine the cost of construction.
Garden space. Morphotypes of private gardens of Jiangnan region
Authors: Tceluiko D S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses the types of space representation of private gardens in the Jiangnan region. The definition of space is given, its main elements and features are revealed. Private gardens of China are described as one of the examples of complex space organization, the work of researchers studying the garden space is analyzed. The method of uniform distribution of space between elements has been studied in detail. The logic and the possibility of using the method are shown. The example of three private gardens in the Jiangnan region is the breaking of space. The article presents an analysis of space with the identification of the main elements and the use of the Voronoi diagram. Morphotypes of landscape gardening complexes are described. The text sets out the methods for applying this type of representation of space and outlines the directions for further work.
Practical restoration-related experience with creation of basement level and underground parking into and near architectural monuments in down-town of Saint-Petersburg
Authors: Mangushev R A , Osokin A I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Geotechnical construction in Saint-Petersburg is governed by the specific features of geological conditions. There is large thickness of soft water saturated soil underlays at the basement monuments and historical buildings. This soft water saturated soil become thixotropic under insignificant dynamic effect (construction action, transport, seasonal freezing and etc). The experience of the renovation, reconstruction old buildings with construction of the deep basements, underground parking in the inner yards or near the architectural monuments in the central part of Saint- Petersburg are given in this article. This paper provides the description of geotechnical solutions, which were realized on the various cultural heritage buildings, such as Catholic Church of St.Catherine on the Nevsky prospect, Taurid Palace, Christmas Church on the Sands, shopping mall «Galeria» on the Ligovsky prospect. The authors analyzed some failures of buildings and facilities as the result of incorrect methods and technologies of the deep excavation.
Historical city center in the XX - XXI centuries: back to pedestrian
Authors: Raikhel Y L , Rozhdestvenskaya E S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article describes the main factors that affect the change of the public space paradigm of city planning throughout the XX – XXI centuries. The authors cover cities of Europe, America, and Russia. The research is theoretically based on the works of Scott McQuire, Jan Gehl, Jeff Speck. The research outcome presents two groups of the factors: those affecting change of the city-panning paradigm towards car drivers in the first half of the XX century, and back towards pedestrian in the second half of the XX century. The authors choose the space planning model of the medieval European town as the benchmark.
Space structure features of the Garden of Cultivation in the context of traditional private gardens of Suzhou
Authors: Tceluiko D S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the identification of the main architectural features of the Garden Cultivation. The history of the garden was analyzed, the main stages of the formation of the planning structure were revealed. The etymology of the name of the estate, which is related to the functional direction of the object, has been studied. The garden was founded during the Ming Dynasty. Over time, both the planning structure and individual elements of the garden changed. The space of the garden consists of two main areas: residential and garden, north and south. Each of the zones is actively integrated into each other. The garden space is very densely built up, consists of 17 elements (morphotypes) located on 0.37 hectares. Garden of Cultivation is unique landscape object for Suzhou and for China, the features of which begins with the name and end with unusual buildings and decor. However, the educational function of most of the morphotypes makes the overall structure of the plan different (unique) from the “traditional” gardens of this era.
Theory and practice of heritage renovation of landscape and recreational spaces in the city of Voronezh. Renovation project for the Park named after A. Durov
Authors: Yenin A E , Grosheva T I , Salko V N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to the problem of renovation of public recreational spaces classified as historic heritage involving the use of systematic approach and analysis. This approach can scientifically justify the place and public significance of a rather specific and relevant type of architectural and urban planning activity consisting in harmonization and interaction between people (population) and landscape recreational environment inhabited by them [1,2]. The purpose of the research is identifying the integrity of historic spaces through analysis of interaction of industrial, household, recreational, and communicational processes in view of their restoration and choosing methods and techniques with specific examples from design practice in Voronezh.
Control and management scheme of air flows in inner space of steel silo during grain storage
Authors: Kechkin I A , Ermolaev V A , Buzetti K D , Romanenko A I , Gurkovskaya E A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The design of steel silo does not provide for constant monitoring of the air amount circulating inside the silo. Silos are not equipped with measuring equipment to control air flow. The height of the grain layer near the vertical wall corresponded to 15 meters and 20 meters at the same pressure of 3000 Pa in the lower part of the layer. At a higher layer height, the lower filtration rates and lower air flow are performed. Near the silo wall, the air rate depends on the height of the layer and is the same for silos of different diameters at the same pressure in the lower part. The silo with a large diameter has a greater variation in the values of the filtration rates along the surface of the grain mass. A typical technological scheme for storing grain in large-capacity steel silo was proposed and tested, taking into account the control and management system for air flows in the inner space of the grain mass.
Ionic composition of drinking water and its influence on the value of its zeta potential (ZP)
Authors: Kichigin V I , Atanov N A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The authors demonstrate the dependence of ZP on the value of water ionic composition, characterize test water physical and chemical composition and introduce thorough analysis of the obtained results. In order to reveal a complete picture of water quality, they also define such additional parameters as test water pH, temperature, turbidity and alkalinity in the course of the research. The study proves that all studied water parameters correspond to SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 Standard “Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for the quality of water in centralized drinking water systems. Quality control. Sanitary rules and regulations”. The paper also presents mathematical dependences between the ζ-potential and the content of anions and cations in the test water with the accuracy of approximation R2 not less than 0.83.
Method for predicting trihalomethanes content in drinking water (by the example of surface type water intake)
Authors: Malkova M A , Vozhdaeva M Y , Kantor E A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The search for predicting the concentration of trihalomethanes in drinking water equations of the surface water intake was carried out. The turbidity, chromaticity, permanganate oxidation of the water source and the dose of chlorine are taken as dependent parameters.The listed parameters are an indirect reflection of the gunim substances presence in the water source. These substances are precursors for the formation of trihalomethanes. In addition, it was found an equation by which it is possible to predict the dose of chlorine depending on the unlisted generalized indicators of water quality. The coefficients of determination of the obtained equations vary between 0.78 - 0.96, and the average relative forecast error is 6.5 - 19.3%.
Rainfall parameters for the design of surface water treatment facilities
Authors: Palagin E D , Strelkov A K , Pavluhin A A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Summarized data is presented on the maximum rainfall layer, runoff from which should be completely diverted to treatment facilities (runoff from residential areas and industrial enterprises of the first group in the Russian Federation). The calculated values of the precipitation layer are obtained from observations at 238 weather stations located in the Russian Federation, which are necessary for calculating the performance of surface water treatment plants. The results can be used in the design in areas for which these weather stations are representative. The size of the precipitation layer, which ensures the discharge of at least 70% of the annual volume of runoff to sewage treatment plants, for the territory of the Russian Federation is in the range of 2.2–12.8 mm.
Evaluation results of the wastewater treatment system of small settlements in Syria
Authors: Saied M A , Serpokrilov N S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The results of the environmental evaluation show the deterioration of water quality in the main river basins of Syria as a result of untreated domestic wastewater or insufficiently treated wastewater, commercial and industrial wastewater from certain activities. The sewage system, especially in small settlements, suffers from several problems such as: long sewer lines, errors in the design of treatment plants and the choice of treatment method, lack of qualified personnel, frequent power outages, large fluctuations in the flow and concentrations of wastewater pollution. 98% of treatment plants in small settlements operate with extended aeration activated sludge, which does not meet their requirements and does not provide high efficiency of wastewater treatment. One of the recommended solutions for the development of a wastewater treatment system in small settlements in Syria is considered rotating biological contactors RBC, which are the best option and most meet their requirements.
The impact of the factors of oil-containing wastewater formation of Bezenchuk oil extraction plant
Authors: Strelkov A K , Teplykh S Yu , Bystranova A O 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Currently, there is a boom of oil and fat industry enterprises. The article studies regularities of changes in wastewater composition, processes of wastewater formation of Bezenchuk oil extraction plant, as well as wastewater chemical and physical parameters.
Waste water of industrial enterprises contains a large amount of organic contaminants: hydrocarbon oils, vegetable and animal fats, surfactants, etc. High contaminants concentration at the enterprises makes the treatment difficult being a complex technical and scientific task. Wastewater treatment problem in food industry is largely related to the extraction of fats. Flotation methods of cleaning with the use of reagents are considered; their advantages and disadvantages are revealed.
Features of the preparation of calcium-containing raw materials in the production of ceramic bricks
Authors: Guryeva V A , Doroshin A V , Dubineckij V V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper considers possibility of using low-melting loam, drilling waste and ash and slag waste of thermal power plants in the production of wall ceramics by the method of semi-dry pressing. The physicochemical processes occurring upon receipt of ceramic materials using production waste at the firing stage are studied. It has been established that an increase in the duration of grinding of calcium-containing raw materials at the stage of preparation of the starting materials determines a change in its particle size distribution, an improvement in the plasticity of the molding materials and an increase in the coherence of the raw product and provides an increase in the mechanical strength of the raw product in comparison with the initial indicators.
Heat engineering problems of phosphogypsum utilization during its processing into construction gypsum
Authors: Nedoseko I V , Vinnichenko V I , Ryazanov A N , Ryazanova V A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The shortcomings of common equipment for utilization of phosphogypsum when processing it into semi-aqueous gypsum have been analyzed. Specific energy consumption per ton of produced construction gypsum in different equipment is shown. Calcination duration is compared. The reasons for the uncompetitivity of the process of production of construction gypsum compared to the production of natural gypsum stone are analyzed. Two problems are considered. The first - common equipment for burning construction gypsum is energy-intensive. The second is the established practice of washing impurities in phosphogypsum with water. At the same time, energy consumption increases several times due to the need for energy consumption for moisture evaporation. It is theoretically reasonable to carry out the firing in a suspended state. The firing time is a few seconds. The experimental studies show the possibility of producing construction gypsum by firing in a suspended state.
Experimental investigation of reinforced concrete beams using post- tension
Authors: Pischulev A , Panfilov D , Zhiltsov Yu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of statically determinable pre-stressed concrete beams with tension on concrete (using post-tension). The authors consider the existing practice of applying post-tension in reinforced concrete structures, the current regulatory documents of the Russian Federation containing information on the strength and deformation properties of post-tension. The paper contains information about the loading pattern, beam-fixing conditions, geometric characteristics of a reinforced concrete beam, physical characteristics of concrete and reinforcement of an experimental sample, technical characteristics of pre-stressed reinforcement. The authors present the research results using graphs of structural deflection changes under load, the distribution of relative strain along the depth of a concrete cross-section, as well as cracking and failure schemes of experimental samples. The research presented in the paper showed that the destruction of the samples occurred along a standard cross-section and was brittle. As a result of processing the results of experimental data, loads of crack formation and critical crack width were determined. The authors confirmed the effect of pre-stressing on crack resistance and the magnitude of the deflection of bent reinforced concrete elements.
Optimization of fractional composition of Volga River sand for improvement of characteristics of mortars and concrete
Authors: Zhigulina A Y , Mizuryaev S A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to the use of fine sands to produce high-quality mortars and concrete. The problem of improving the quality (rheological and strength characteristics) of mortars and concrete without increasing cement consumption is being solved. The results of the study of the fractional composition of typical fine river Volga sand are presented. The results of the studies show that the method of fractional selection can significantly improve the rheology and strength of mortars and concrete with the effective use of screenings. Optimization of fine sands should not only consist in their enlargement due to the removal of fine fractions, but also in the selection of the optimal fractional composition.
Modeling of stress-strain state of external reinforcement of single-span reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Merkulov S I , Esipov S M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper touches upon the issues and features of computer modeling of external reinforcement of reinforced concrete beams with the use of computer complex ANSYS. The method of modeling of bent reinforced concrete beams reinforced in the stretched zone by external reinforcement based on carbon fiber composite materials, approved by experimental studies, is presented. The explanations on application of a technique at various approaches to strengthening of a beam depending on the current stress-strain state are given. Qualitative and quantitative dependences between experimental and numerical studies are established, confirming the initial prerequisites of the study.
Numerical study of stress-strain state of reinforced concrete slab in punching zone
Authors: Filatov V B , Galyautdinov Z Sh , Blinkova E V , Zhiltsov Yu V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article presents the analysis of the stress state of a flat reinforced concrete slab under punching through a numerical study on finite element models. Three models with different cross – section shape of the column-square, rectangular and L-shaped-are considered. The calculation of the punching according to the standard method is carried out under the assumption of a uniform distribution of shear stresses on the control perimeter of the punching. The results of the study allow drawing a conclusion about a significant uneven distribution of shear stresses on the control perimeter, depending on the shape of the cross-section of the column. The conclusion corresponds to the results of previously performed experimental studies on test samples. According to the results of the study, the effective length of the control perimeter of the plate punching for the considered forms of the column cross-section is determined.
Study of non-formwork hollow-core slabs with support zone restraint in brick walls
Authors: Prokopovich A A , Repetto V V , Aleshin A N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the research is to develop a method for calculating the crack formation in the support zones of hollow core slabs manufactured by the non-formwork concreting technology, clamped into brick walls. The testing results of six samples were obtained by a longitudinal cut. On the basis of the experimental data and finite-element modeling using the software complex Lira SAPR-2016 a method for calculating cracks formation in the support slab zones pitched in masonry has been developed and presented. The developed method of calculation allows taking into account the ductility of the slab joints with bricklaying, the length of the sealing of the support zones, the value of the average compressive stresses in the masonry, as well as spans, stiffness characteristics of slabs and load application schemes. The recommendations concerning support points reduction at designing support slab assemblies clamped into a brick wall are provided.
Discrete-analytical nonlinear analysis with improved computation accuracy for steel frame lateral response evaluation
Authors: Rutman Yu L , Ivanov A Yu , Meleshko V A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The structural performance evaluation under the monotonic increase of a lateral load due the whole loading process in modern earthquake engineering practice can be performed with the help of different methods and software and can be dramatically represented by «Base reaction – Roof displacement» relationship, which is also known as capacity curve. This kind of relationship is used by nonlinear static Pushover-analysis for seismic performance evaluation of buildings considering any possible damage, which is acceptable by serviceability requirements of a building. However, there are many problems arising due to physically nonlinear analysis of structure, primarily associated with features of the employing finite elements analysis software. Main problems are rather long analysis time among the necessity of high performance computing, or shortcomings of nonlinear analysis methods inherent to the program used. One of the most important shortcomings of structural analysis software is the necessity of single-handed assignment of a failure mechanism for the structure by nonlinear hinges formation zones emplacement to elements of analytical model. This circumstance may lead to results substantially different from reality. These problems can be resolved with the aid of discrete-analytical methods.