bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat Treatment Optimisation of Electron Beam Welded Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel
Authors: Bruce Kirstie , Taylor Mark , Fellowes Jonathan W. , Gyves Ken , Li Kexue , Moore Katie L. , Burling Luke D. , Francis John A. , Pickering Ed J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectron beam welding (EBW) is a promising technology for the joining of large steel components such as pressure vessels. Notably, EBW does not use a filler metal, meaning that the weld and parent material (PM) should have the same composition. Accordingly, it may be possible to homogenise microstructure and properties across the weld given a suitable post-weld heat treatment (PWHT), essentially making the weld ‘disappear’. To investigate this possibility, three different PWHTs were applied to an SA508 Grade 4N weld. A stress-relief PWHT only had a relatively minor impact on the variations in microstructure and hardness across the fusion zone (FZ), heat-affected zone (HAZ) and PM versus the as-welded state, and compositional microsegregation in the FZ was unchanged. Hardness was successfully homogenised across the parent and weld in heat treatments involving a traditional 860 °C austenitisation, quench and temper, but compositional microsegregation persisted in the FZ. The addition of a homogenisation step at 1200 °C eliminated this microsegregation, with the weld area only remaining visible owing to the presence of compositional banding in the PM. However, homogenisation also led to the formation of undesirable prior austenite grain structures following subsequent re-austenitisation at 860 °C. Nevertheless, the application of PWHTs involving a full re-austenitisation seems promising for future applications.
Calibrated models for effective clustering: Discriminating operation schedules in occupied buildings
Authors: Guerrero Ramírez Karla , Nuevo-Gallardo Cristina , Santamaría Ulecia Jesús Miguel , Montalbán Pozas Beatriz , Fernández Bandera Carlos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
European directives advocate for end-users to be aware of their energy consumption. However, individual energy monitoring tools, such as energy meters or cost allocators, are not always affordable or technically feasible to install. Therefore, the development of virtual tools that enable the study of energy consumption in existing buildings is necessary. Virtual sensors, particularly based on white-box models, offer the opportunity to recreate these behaviours. When calibrated with measured data, white-box models, which incorporate detailed building physics, become increasingly valuable for designing energy-efficient buildings. This research explores a novel approach to identifying building’s load period directly from energy data generated by these calibrated models. The volume of data generated by white-box models can be overwhelming for visual analysis, but the hypothesis here is that analysing this data through clustering techniques can reveal patterns related to occupant behaviour and operational schedules. By feeding indoor temperature data into the calibrated model and analysing the resulting energy outputs, the research proposes a method to identify the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system operation schedule, free oscillation periods and non-recurrent events. Validation is achieved by comparing the identified periods with actual measured data. This methodology enables the development of a virtual sensor for cost allocation, which minimises the need for physical sensor deployment while complying with European Union directives. The research not only demonstrates high accuracy but also the potential to outperform measured schedule. This suggests the ability of the method to identify missing sensor data or other factors affecting temperature curves, enabling fault detection and diagnostics (FDD). Consequently, this opens doors for setting optimised operation schedules that balance energy efficiency with occupant comfort.
Multi-objective optimal energy-efficient retrofit determination using hybrid urban building energy model: Considering uncertainties between models
Authors: Luo Linxi , Wei Hailu , Lin Ziqi , Wu Jiyuan , Wang Wei , Sun Yongjun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Typical energy-efficient retrofit studies based on urban building energy models face challenges in quickly obtaining appropriate retrofit solutions and often ignore the unexpected outcomes caused by inherent model uncertainty. To solve it, this study proposes a decision support framework that integrates a hybrid urban building energy model (UBEM) method, NSGA-II, and TOPSIS to obtain rapidly the optimal energy-efficient retrofit solutions that take into account model uncertainty. The study took the building groups in Sipailou campus as a case study and identified 76 “stable solutions” and 149 “active solutions” that minimize energy consumption, carbon emission, and life-cycle cost (LCC) over 30 years from 40,353,607 retrofit schemes. Key findings include that when considering model uncertainty, the quantities, types, and ranks of optimal retrofit solutions have changed. When the error of baseline UBEM validation is within ±5% and considering uncertainty transmission from energy simulation to ANN model, the energy-saving potential of optimal retrofit schemes has expanded from [63.78, 65.05]% to [60, 68.75]%, carbon-saving potential has shifted from [63.69, 64.09]% to [59.92, 67.79]%, and the LCC has changed from [−40.68, 14.59] × 106 to [−38.25, 16.97] × 106 Yuan. This study provides decision makers with a scientific approach to consider the potential uncertainties and risks associated with optimal retrofit solutions.
Gas dynamics in the central molecular zone and its connection with the galactic bar
Authors: Chaves-Velasquez Leonardo , Gómez Gilberto C. , Pérez-Villegas Ángeles 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The innermost region of the Milky Way harbors the central molecular zone (CMZ). This region contains a large amount of molecular gas but a poor star formation rate considering the densities achieved by the gas in this region. We used the arepo code to perform a hydrodynamic and star formation simulation of the galaxy, where a Ferrers bar was adiabatically introduced. During the stage of bar imposition, the bar strength excites density waves close to the inner Lindblad resonance guiding material towards the inner galaxy, driving the formation of a ring that we qualitatively associate with the CMZ. During the simulation, we identified that the ring passes three main phases, namely: formation, instability, and quasi-stationary stages. During the whole evolution, and particularly in the quasi-stationary stage, we observe that the ring is associated with the x2 family of periodic orbits. Additionally, we found that most of the star formation occurs during the ring formation stage, while it drastically decreases in the instability stage. Finally, we found that when the gas has settled in a stable x2 orbit, the star formation takes place mostly after the dense gas passes the apocentre, triggering the conveyor-belt mechanism described in previous studies.
INTRODUCTION: THEORY AND PRACTICE OF SOMATIC MUSIC
Authors: Heile Björn , Iddon Martin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis introductory article defines somatic music/ology as music that emphasises and reflects on its embodied nature and an associated theoretical discourse that addresses this aspect. It further traces the genealogy of this concept to the convergence of different intellectual and artistic currents from the mid twentieth century, including the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, ecological psychology associated with James J. Gibson, performance- and body-oriented musicology represented by Roland Barthes and Carolyn Abbate and later developments such as 4E cognition as well as the experimental music theatre emerging from the 1960s. Finally, it introduces the various contributions to the issue.
WHAT IS IT LIKE TO BE A TREE? SONIC LAYERS, DOUBLENESS AND ECOLOGY IN MARTIN IDDON'S SAPINDALES
Authors: Campbell Edward , Souza Jonathan De , Heile Björn , Jan Oli , Moran Nikki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this collaborative account of Iddon's Sapindales, the authors recount how their experiences of live and virtual clarinet sounds and environmental sounds combine in varied ways. By focusing on relationships among sonic layers, the authors emphasise the dynamic interplay of live and recorded performance, music and environment, the real and the virtual, the abstract and the concrete. Each relationship involves mediation and ambiguity, with elements that alternatively split apart or join together. The listening outcomes that we describe repeatedly highlight a positional swing between subject and object, as the authors reach across explanatory modes, drawing on phenomenology, musicology, psychoanalysis and ecological psychology, among others. We aim to capture the process of aesthetic listening, a process that is live, interactive, constructive, imaginative.
Constraining Uncertainties in Marine Calcifier Oxygen Isotope Values (δ18O ${\boldsymbol{\delta }}^{\mathbf{18}}\mathbf{O}$) Across Latitudes and Kingdoms Using a Proxy System Modeling Framework
Authors: Williams Branwen , Thompson Diane M. , Cohen Anne L. , Mandell Hannah 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPaleoceanographic proxy archives encode information about the marine environment, which can yield key insights into past climate variability. In particular, marine calcifiers' stable oxygen isotopic composition () tells us about seawater temperature and oxygen isotope composition. Here, we use a proxy system model (PSM) framework to systematically evaluate the drivers of skeletal/shell in three taxa of fast‐growing marine calcifiers (crustose coralline algae, bivalves, and sclerosponges) from disparate locations, including high latitudes and deeper waters. We evaluate the impact of the quality of environmental data, the recording season in which the calcifier might document the environmental variability, and the importance of uncertainties on the PSM. Whereas the overall PSM‐modeled captured the measured well at some locations, local environmental variability derived from a reanalysis product and chronological uncertainties limit the ability to effectively model at other locations. Using the PSM approach we highlight the complexity of interpreting as seawater temperature and oxygen isotope composition in these remote locations.
Implementation of an Asymmetric Internal Field in the Comprehensive Inner Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere (CIMI) Model
Authors: Fok M.‐C. , Wolf R. A. , Ferradas C. P. , Kang S.‐B. , Glocer A. , Buzulukova N. Y. , Ma Q. , Welling D. T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA Comprehensive Inner Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere (CIMI) model has been developed to study the dynamics of the cold plasmasphere and the energetic plasmas in the inner magnetosphere, as well as their couplings with each other and with the ionosphere. The CIMI model is able to predict the cold plasma density and energetic electron and ion fluxes in geospace. Furthermore, CIMI is capable of predicting the Region 2 currents, penetration electric field, electron and ion precipitation and magnetospheric heat flux into the ionosphere. The CIMI model includes a realistic magnetic field configuration with a combination of an internal field and an external field imposed by the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere. The internal field has previously been assumed to be a dipole. Recently, the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) has been implemented. This new capability enables studies of north‐south and longitudinal dependences in particle precipitation and heat flux, as well as the corresponding asymmetries in ionospheric and thermospheric responses. In this paper, we will briefly review the CIMI equations and model output. Then we will describe the new implementation of the IGRF model into CIMI and how to estimate the north‐south asymmetry in precipitating fluxes from the differences in field strength between magnetic conjugate points. The inclusion of a realistic internal field leads CIMI into a better position to couple with sophisticated ionosphere‐thermosphere models, most of which are using the IGRF model.
Timing Is Everything
Authors: Westerhold T. , Agnini C. , Anagnostou E. , Hilgen F. , Hönisch B. , Meckler A. N. , Pälike H. , Wade B. , Sosdian S. , Kasbohm J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDeep ocean sediments document past environmental changes over space and time. The information gleaned from such deposits allows scientists to test climate models that are used to predict future climate change. However, the causes and consequences of changing climate can be unraveled only if geological data from different regions are synchronized in time so that lead‐lag relationships can be properly established. Synchronization of geological archives across regions requires precise and accurate age models, but available age models are often not sufficiently accurate to rigorously test causality arguments. We therefore propose to launch an international, coordinated effort to revise and recalibrate the dating tools available to paleoclimatologists—that is, the local and regional information obtained from bio‐, magneto‐, and chemo‐stratigraphy as well as radioisotopic geochronology—with the synchronizing tool of astrochronology. Cross‐fertilization of expertise is needed to generate new age models for sediment records from which key climate events have been or can be reconstructed. We expected this initiative could make a significant contribution to the understanding of Earth history, biotic evolution, and particularly, Earth's climate history.
HESPERIA REleASE+: Improving Solar Proton Event Forecasting by Means of Automated Recognition of Type‐III Radio Bursts
Authors: Posner Arik , Malandraki Olga Ε. , Karavolos Michalis , Tziotziou Kostas , Smanis Fanis , Heber Bernd , Dröge Henrik , Kühl Patrick , Veldes Giorgos P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis work reports on an attempt toward improving the Relativistic Electron Alert System for Exploration (REleASE): the occurrence of a type‐III radio burst as a precondition for a REleASE forecast. REleASE forecasts are based on the detection of early arrival of near‐relativistic electrons ahead of more hazardous protons from Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events. The goal is to allow astronauts on a Lunar or Mars mission sufficient advance warning to reach a radiation shelter to minimize radiation dose exposure. We test a new system that sets a condition of the occurrence of a type‐III radio burst, thus adding independent evidence of particle escape from the Sun, with the aim of reducing known sources of false‐alarms of the existing REleASE system. The High Energy Solar Particle Events foRecastIng and Analysis (HESPERIA) REleASE+ system, which takes advantage of availability of real‐time solar radio observations during the passage of STEREO‐A by Earth in 2023, has now been incorporated in the HESPERIA framework. We discuss the techniques used for automatic detection of type‐III radio bursts preparing for its real‐time implementation, the determination of selection criteria for type‐III bursts that are candidates for solar proton events in the Earth‐moon system, and first results of the combined system.
Comparative Analysis of Higher‐Order Ionospheric Delay on PPP Long‐Term Coordinate Time Series and Residual Modeling Using Horizontal Gradients and RINEX Data
Authors: Yang Kaichun , Jiang Weiping , Li Zhao , Ding Xin , Lu Ran 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigher‐order ionospheric corrections, including second‐ and third‐order effects and signal bending, are essential for improving Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) time series accuracy. However, their influence on long‐term Precise Point Positioning (PPP) time series, particularly signal bending, remains underexplored. Most studies rely on Global Ionosphere Maps (GIMs) for second‐order delay corrections due to the complexity of RINEX‐based inversions. Analyzing data from 37 International GNSS Service stations (2009–2020), we found that higher‐order ionospheric effects predominantly impact the North component of mid‐ and low‐latitude stations. Second‐ and third‐order delays contribute 50% and 20% to annual and semi‐annual amplitudes, respectively, while signal bending accounts for 5% and 2%. Additionally, signals traveling along the magnetic field direction induce phase delays, with equatorial regions experiencing more frequent and intense ionospheric activity. This leads to maximum horizontal velocity impacts of 0.45 mm/yr at the equator and a distinct southern trend at mid‐ and low‐latitudes. GIM‐based corrections increase seasonal signal amplitudes and root mean square error (RMSE) at some stations due to discrepancies with RINEX‐based corrections, which generate higher‐order ionospheric residuals. These residuals contribute 48.6% of the RMSE in RINEX‐based corrections, surpassing the 39.8% from second‐ and third‐order delays. To address this, we propose a GIM‐based residual model incorporating horizontal gradients, reducing RMSE by 48%, 26%, and 52% for the East, North, and Up components, respectively. Monthly or quarterly gradient updates during quiet ionospheric periods ensure precise corrections, enhancing GNSS time series and coordinate system accuracy.
Modelling the transformation of energy-intensive industries based on site-specific investment decisions
Authors: Neuwirth Marius , Fleiter Tobias , Hofmann René 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe transition towards climate-neutral industry is a challenge, particularly for heavy industries like steel and basic chemicals. Existing models for assessing industrial transformation often lack spatial resolution and fail to capture individual investment decisions. Consequently, the spatial interplay between industry transformation, energy availability, infrastructure availability, and the dynamics of discrete investments is inadequately addressed. Here we present a site-specific approach that considers individual industrial sites to simulate discrete investment decisions. The investment decision is modelled as a discrete choice among alternative technologies with their total cost of ownership as the main decision criterion. Process costs depend on the scenario-specific assumptions, such as energy carrier prices, policy instruments and local infrastructures. The age of production units and their reinvestment cycles are considered the main restrictions on the dynamics of the transition. The results provide high spatial resolution to capture the spatial and temporal dynamics of industry transition under varying process and policy assumptions. The presented model and its results can be coupled with energy system models to assess the implications of site-specific industry transition on energy system related research questions. We conduct an exemplary case study for a transformation pathway of the European primary steel production.
Advancing digital sensing in mental health research
Authors: Akre Samir , Seok Darsol , Douglas Christopher , Aguilera Adrian , Carini Simona , Dunn Jessilyn , Hotopf Matthew , Mohr David C. , Bui Alex A. T. , Freimer Nelson B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDigital sensing tools, like smartphones and wearables, offer transformative potential for mental health research by enabling scalable, longitudinal data collection. Realizing this promise requires overcoming significant challenges including limited data standards, underpowered studies, and a disconnect between research aims and community needs. This report, based on the 2023 Workshop on Advancing Digital Sensing Tools for Mental Health, articulates strategies to address these challenges to ensure rigorous, equitable, and impactful research.
A Tutorial for Feeding Infants With Orofacial Clefting: General Guidelines and Patient-Specific Intervention
Authors: Chee-Williams Jessica L. , Kotlarek Katelyn 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
This tutorial outlines a suggested pathway to determine the appropriate feeding modality for infants with orofacial clefting depending on the affected facial structures. Current cleft-adapted bottles and flow rates are described. Guidance is provided regarding nipple flow rate selection and providing adequate daily volume. Other feeding strategies are discussed in the context of available research, such as nipple positioning, infant positioning, and milk fortification. Finally, components to consider in documentation are outlined and options for monitoring infants with orofacial clefting are discussed.

Conclusions:
The suggestions in this tutorial are intended to impart a framework for clinicians to use when providing feeding services to infants with orofacial clefting. As a result of this tutorial, clinicians should be able to complete an oral peripheral examination of the cleft, tailor feeding interventions to each individual infant, explain the purpose and mechanics of various cleft-adapted bottles, and recommend additional feeding strategies based on caregiver reported information and observation.
W‐band LNA employing current reuse and non‐linearity cancellation in 28 nm CMOS for automotive radar and 6G applications
Authors: Khan Barha , Kalita Ellora , Rahman Mustafijur 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis work reports a W‐band 2‐stage stacked LNA featuring post‐distortion non‐linearity cancellation (PDC) with programmable gain and enhanced common‐mode (CM) stability, fabricated in TSMC 28‐nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS). The PDC technique employs diode‐connected NMOS transistors to enhance linearity. The diodes are connected to drains of the stage one and, therefore, are isolated from the input, leading to minimal impact on input matching. Since the diodes are in strong inversion, they track well with the main transistors, resulting in robust cancellation across PVT. Additionally, the diodes also enhance the CM stability of the LNA by reducing the CM gain. Use of stacked architecture lowers the DC power consumption, through current re‐use in the two stages. Switchable neutralized differential pair cells are used in stage one to achieve variable gain. The LNA consumes 31 mW of power with an IP1dB of ‐5.5 dBm and IIP3 of 6 dBm leading to an figure‐of‐merit (FOM) of 31.3 dB. The peak gain is 13 dB at 84.2 GHz, and it maintains 5 dB gain between 75 and 95 GHz. The LNA has 2.7 dB of programmable gain control. The minimum measured NF is 6.78 dB at 89.4 GHz. The proposed LNA is suitable for high‐linearity receivers for automotive radar and 6G applications.