bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Versatile Homebuilt Gas Feed and Analysis System for Operando TEM of Catalysts at Work
Authors: Plodinec Milivoj , Nerl Hannah C. , Farra Ramzi , Willinger Marc G. , Stotz Eugen , Schlögl Robert , Lunkenbein Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how catalysts work during chemical reactions is crucial when developing efficient catalytic materials. The dynamic processes involved are extremely sensitive to changes in pressure, gas environment and temperature. Hence, there is a need for spatially resolved operando techniques to investigate catalysts under working conditions and over time. The use of dedicated operando techniques with added detection of catalytic conversion presents a unique opportunity to study the mechanisms underlying the catalytic reactions systematically. Herein, we report on the detailed setup and technical capabilities of a modular, homebuilt gas feed system directly coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer, which allows for operando transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of heterogeneous catalysts. The setup is compatible with conventional, commercially available gas cell TEM holders, making it widely accessible and reproducible by the community. In addition, the operando functionality of the setup was tested using CO oxidation over Pt nanoparticles.
Adapting meaning-centered psychotherapy for World Trade Center responders
Authors: Masterson-Duva Melissa , Haugen Peter , Werth Aditi , Foster Alyce , Chassman Emily , Roberts Kailey , DePierro Jonathan , Morales-Miller Massielle , Lowe Sandra , Pessin Hayley , Lichtenthal Wendy , Breitbart William 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo date, nearly 10,000 World Trade Center (WTC) responders have been diagnosed with at least one type of WTC-related cancer, and over 70 types of cancer have been related to WTC occupational exposure. Due to the observed latency period for malignancies, the WTC Health Program anticipates increases in rates of new cancer diagnoses. Given the growing number of cancer diagnoses in this population, there is an urgent need to develop a novel intervention to address the psychosocial needs of WTC responders with cancer. Meaning-centered psychotherapy (MCP) is a structured psychotherapeutic intervention originally developed to help patients with advanced cancer find and sustain meaning in life despite illness-related limitations. Existential distress and loss of meaning are critical and understudied elements of psychological health that have been widely overlooked among WTC responders with cancer.MethodWe have adapted MCP for WTC responders (MCP-WTC) for the treatment of WTC responders who have been diagnosed with WTC-certified cancers. MCP-WTC aims to target the complex crisis in meaning faced by those responders who responded to the 9/11 attacks and subsequently were diagnosed with cancer as a result of their service.ResultsWe describe the adaptation of MCP-WTC and the application of this intervention to meet the unique needs of those exposed to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 (9/11), participated in the rescue, recovery, and clean-up effort at Ground Zero, and were diagnosed with WTC-related cancer. We highlight the novel aspects of this intervention which have been designed to facilitate meaning-making in the context of the patient's response to 9/11 and subsequent diagnosis of cancer.Significance of resultsThis work provides a rationale for MCP-WTC and the potential for this intervention to improve the quality of life of WTC responders and help these patients navigate life after 9/11 and cancer.
Planetary Sensor Models Interoperability Using the Community Sensor Model Specification
Authors: Laura J. R. , Mapel J. , Hare T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the photogrammetric foundations upon which the Community Sensor Model specification depends, describes common coordinate system and reference frame transformations that support conversion between image sensor (charge‐coupled device) coordinates to some arbitrary body coordinate, and describes the U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Community Sensor Model implementation (https://github.com/USGS-Astrogeology/usgscsm). We present a new image support data specification that provides the position, pointing, timing, and metadata information necessary to properly locate a pixel or observations location on a body and describe a system architecture designed to explicitly identify the responsibilities of software components within a larger pipeline or analytical environment. This paper concludes with a set of experiments that illustrate positional and pointing error in the sensor location and the impact on the computed surface location.
Debates: Does Information Theory Provide a New Paradigm for Earth Science? Sharper Predictions Using Occam's Digital Razor
Authors: Weijs Steven. V. , Ruddell Benjamin. L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOccam's Razor is a bedrock principle of science philosophy, stating that the simplest hypothesis (or model) is preferred, at any given level of model predictive performance. A modern restatement often attributed to Einstein explains, “Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.” Using principles from (algorithmic) information theory, both model descriptive performance and model complexity can be quantified in bits. This quantification yields a Pareto‐style trade‐off between model complexity (length of the model program in bits) and model performance (information loss in bits, or the missing information, needed to describe the original observations). Model complexity and performance can be collapsed to one single measure of lossless model size, which, when minimized, leads to optimal model complexity versus loss trade‐off for generalization and prediction. Our view puts both simple data‐driven and complex physical‐process‐based models on a continuum, in the sense that both describe patterns in observed data in compressed form, with different degrees of generality, model complexity, and descriptive performance. Information theory‐based assessment of compression performance with fair and meaningful accounting for model complexity will enable us to best compare and combine the strengths of physics knowledge and data‐driven modeling for a given problem, given the availability of data.“Suppose we draw a set of points on paper in a totally random manner. I am saying it is possible to find a geometric line whose notation is constant and uniform, following a certain law, that will pass through all points, and in the same order they were drawn.”
“But if that law is strongly composed, the thing that conforms to it should be seen as irregular”Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1686: Discours de métaphysique V, VI (from French)
Subsurface Source Zone Characterization and Uncertainty Quantification Using Discriminative Random Fields
Authors: Arshadi Masoud , De Paolis Kaluza M. Clara , Miller Eric L. , Abriola Linda M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA novel statistical approach is developed and implemented for the stochastic reconstruction of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) source zone realizations and the quantification of source zone metrics and associated uncertainty. The approach employs discriminative random field (DRF) models, to simulate the spatial distributions and relationships among source zone properties (i.e., permeability, NAPL saturation, and aqueous concentration distributions) consistent with commonly collected field data. Application of DRF models requires a limited number of full‐scale simulations to train the model parameters. Monte Carlo sampling methods based on these trained models then provide an efficient method to generate contaminant mass realizations conditioned on measured boreholes, bypassing the need to run computationally intensive, partial differential equation‐based simulations of physical flow and transport. Postprocessing of these realizations yields approximations of uncertainty to inform further sampling for characterization and remediation. The reconstructed contaminant mass realizations provide sufficient information for calculating averaged characterization metrics, such as total contaminant mass and pool fraction, used to predict source zone longevity, mass recovery behavior, and remedial performance. The model performance is evaluated through comparisons of these predicted source zone metrics with those obtained from the “true” mass distributions generated with validated flow and transport models. These comparisons clearly demonstrate that stochastic application of a DRF model can reconstruct realistic saturation and concentration fields, conditioned to borehole data at different times. The present study should be viewed as the first step in generating a three‐dimensional characterization tool that can be applied over a wide range of conditions observed at contaminated sites.
Comparison of Data‐Driven Techniques to Reconstruct (1992–2002) and Predict (2017–2018) GRACE‐Like Gridded Total Water Storage Changes Using Climate Inputs
Authors: Li Fupeng , Kusche Jürgen , Rietbroek Roelof , Wang Zhengtao , Forootan Ehsan , Schulze Kerstin , Lück Christina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission ended its operation in October 2017, and the GRACE Follow‐On mission was launched only in May 2018, leading to approximately 1 year of data gap. Given that GRACE‐type observations are exclusively providing direct estimates of total water storage change (TWSC), it would be very important to bridge the gap between these two missions. Furthermore, for many climate‐related applications, it is also desirable to reconstruct TWSC prior to the GRACE period. In this study, we aim at comparing different data‐driven methods and identifying the more robust alternatives for predicting GRACE‐like gridded TWSC during the gap and reconstructing them to 1992 using climate inputs. To this end, we first develop a methodological framework to compare different methods such as the multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural network (ANN), and autoregressive exogenous (ARX) approaches. Second, metrics are developed to measure the robustness of the predictions. Finally, gridded TWSC within 26 regions are predicted and reconstructed using the identified methods. Test computations suggest that the correlation of predicted TWSC maps with observed ones is more than 0.3 higher than TWSC simulated by hydrological models, at the grid scale of 1° resolution. Furthermore, the reconstructed TWSC correctly reproduce the El Nino‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signals. In general, while MLR does not perform best in the training process, it is more robust and could thus be a viable approach both for filling the GRACE gap and for reconstructing long‐period TWSC fields globally when combined with statistical decomposition techniques.
Advanced biomaterials for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Fan , Shi Kun , Jia Yan-peng , Hao Ying , Peng Jin-rong , Qian Zhi-yong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractImmunotherapy, as a powerful strategy for cancer treatment, has achieved tremendous efficacy in clinical trials. Despite these advancements, there is much to do in terms of enhancing therapeutic benefits and decreasing the side effects of cancer immunotherapy. Advanced nanobiomaterials, including liposomes, polymers, and silica, play a vital role in the codelivery of drugs and immunomodulators. These nanobiomaterial-based delivery systems could effectively promote antitumor immune responses and simultaneously reduce toxic adverse effects. Furthermore, nanobiomaterials may also combine with each other or with traditional drugs via different mechanisms, thus giving rise to more accurate and efficient tumor treatment. Here, an overview of the latest advancement in these nanobiomaterials used for cancer immunotherapy is given, describing outstanding systems, including lipid-based nanoparticles, polymer-based scaffolds or micelles, inorganic nanosystems, and others.
Screening and function discussion of a hereditary renal tubular acidosis family pathogenic gene
Authors: Chen Li , Wang Han-Lu , Zhu Yao-Bin , Jin Zhao , Huang Jian-Bin , Lin Xin-Fu , Luo Jie-Wei , Fang Zhu-Ting 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHereditary distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare disease of H+ excretion defect of α-intercalated cells in renal collecting duct, caused by decreased V-ATPase function due to mutations in the ATP6V1B1 or ATP6V0A4 genes. In the present study, a genetic family with 5 members of the complete dRTA phenotype were found with distal tubule H+ secretion disorder, hypokalemia, osteoporosis, and kidney stones. A variant NM_020632.2:c.1631C > T (p.Ser544Leu) in exon 16 on an ATP6V0A4 gene associated with dRTA was detected by next generation sequencing target region capture technique and verified by Sanger sequencing, which suggested that except for one of the patients who did not receive the test, the other four patients all carried the p.S544L heterozygote. In transfected HEK293T cells, cells carrying p.S544L-mut showed early weaker ATPase activity and a slower Phi recovery rate after rapid acidification. By immunofluorescence localization, it was observed that the expression level of p.S544L-mut on the cell membrane increased and the distribution was uneven. Co-immunoprecipitation showed the a4 subunit of ATP6V0A4/p.S544L-mut could not bind to the B1 subunit, which might affect the correct assembly of V-ATPase. The present study of dRTA family suggests that the p.S544L variant may be inherited in a dominant manner.
Chlorzoxazone, a small molecule drug, augments immunosuppressive capacity of mesenchymal stem cells via modulation of FOXO3 phosphorylation
Authors: Deng Luchan , Li Hongling , Su Xiaodong , Zhang Yingjie , Xu Haoying , Fan Linyuan , Fan Junfen , Han Qin , Bai Xueyuan , Zhao Robert Chunhua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNowadays, immune diseases are a large burden in healthcare. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have prominent ability in immunomodulation and have been applicated on treating many immune-related diseases. However, the clinical outcomes can be disparate and sometimes completely counterproductive beyond explanation of cell heterogeneity. The theory of immunomodulation plasticity in MSCs has then emerged to explain that MSCs can be induced into proinflammatory MSC1 or anti-inflammatory MSC2 responding to different immune environment. It would be safer and more efficient if we could induce MSCs into a certain immune phenotype, in most cases MSC2, prior to medical treatment. In this study, we screened and identified a classical FDA-approved drug, chlorzoxazone (CZ). Unlike traditional method induced by IFN-γ, CZ can induce MSC into MSC2 phenotype and enhance the immunosuppressive capacity without elevation of immunogenicity of MSCs. CZ-treated MSCs can better inhibit T cells activation and proliferation, promote expression of IDO and other immune mediators in vitro, and alleviate inflammatory infiltration and tissue damage in acute kidney injury rat model more effectively. Moreover, we discovered that CZ modulates phosphorylation of transcriptional factor forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) independent of classical AKT or ERK signaling pathways, to promote expression of downstream immune-related genes, therefore contributing to augmentation of MSCs immunosuppressive capacity. Our study established a novel and effective approach to induce MSC2, which is ready for clinical application.
2-Aminoethoxydiphenylborate (2-APB) inhibits release of phosphatidylserine-exposing extracellular vesicles from platelets
Authors: Wei Hao , Davies Jessica E. , Harper Matthew T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractActivated, procoagulant platelets shed phosphatidylserine (PS)-exposing extracellular vesicles (EVs) from their surface in a Ca2+- and calpain-dependent manner. These PS-exposing EVs are prothrombotic and proinflammatory and are found at elevated levels in many cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. How PS-exposing EVs are shed is not fully understood. A clearer understanding of this process may aid the development of drugs to selectively block their release. In this study we report that 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate (2-APB) significantly inhibits the release of PS-exposing EVs from platelets stimulated with the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187, or the pore-forming toxin, streptolysin-O. Two analogues of 2-APB, diphenylboronic anhydride (DPBA) and 3-(diphenylphosphino)-1-propylamine (DP3A), inhibited PS-exposing EV release with similar potency. Although 2-APB and DPBA weakly inhibited platelet PS exposure and calpain activity, this was not seen with DP3A despite inhibiting PS-exposing EV release. These data suggest that there is a further target of 2-APB, independent of cytosolic Ca2+ signalling, PS exposure and calpain activity, that is required for PS-exposing EV release. DP3A is likely to inhibit the same target, without these other effects. Identifying the target of 2-APB, DPBA and DP3A may provide a new way to inhibit PS-exposing EV release from activated platelets and inhibit their contribution to thrombosis and inflammation.
Intermolecular cascaded π-conjugation channels for electron delivery powering CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Wang Shengyao , Hai Xiao , Ding Xing , Jin Shangbin , Xiang Yonggang , Wang Pei , Jiang Bo , Ichihara Fumihiko , Oshikiri Mitsutake , Meng Xianguang , Li Yunxiang , Matsuda Wakana , Ma Jun , Seki Shu , Wang Xuepeng , Huang Hao , Wada Yoshiki , Chen Hao , Ye Jinhua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhotoreduction of CO2 to fuels offers a promising strategy for managing the global carbon balance using renewable solar energy. But the decisive process of oriented photogenerated electron delivery presents a considerable challenge. Here, we report the construction of intermolecular cascaded π-conjugation channels for powering CO2 photoreduction by modifying both intramolecular and intermolecular conjugation of conjugated polymers (CPs). This coordination of dual conjugation is firstly proved by theoretical calculations and transient spectroscopies, showcasing alkynyl-removed CPs blocking the delocalization of electrons and in turn delivering the localized electrons through the intermolecular cascaded channels to active sites. Therefore, the optimized CPs (N-CP-D) exhibiting CO evolution activity of 2247 μmol g−1 h−1 and revealing a remarkable enhancement of 138-times compared to unmodified CPs (N-CP-A).
Regulation of the linear ubiquitination of STAT1 controls antiviral interferon signaling
Authors: Zuo Yibo , Feng Qian , Jin Lincong , Huang Fan , Miao Ying , Liu Jin , Xu Ying , Chen Xiangjie , Zhang Hongguang , Guo Tingting , Yuan Yukang , Zhang Liting , Wang Jun , Zheng Hui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLinear ubiquitination is a critical regulator of inflammatory signaling pathways. However, linearly ubiquitinated substrates and the biological significance of linear ubiquitination is incompletely understood. Here, we show that STAT1 has linear ubiquitination at Lys511 and Lys652 residues in intact cells, which inhibits STAT1 binding to the type-I interferon receptor IFNAR2, thereby restricting STAT1 activation and resulting in type-I interferon signaling homeostasis. Linear ubiquitination of STAT1 is removed rapidly by OTULIN upon type-I interferon stimulation, which facilitates activation of interferon-STAT1 signaling. Furthermore, viruses induce HOIP expression through the NF-κB pathway, which in turn increases linear ubiquitination of STAT1 and thereby inhibits interferon antiviral response. Consequently, HOIL-1L heterozygous mice have active STAT1 signaling and enhanced responses to type-I interferons. These findings demonstrate a linear ubiquitination-mediated switch between homeostasis and activation of type-I interferon signaling, and suggest potential strategies for clinical antiviral therapy.
Sex and APOE ε4 genotype modify the Alzheimer’s disease serum metabolome
Authors: Arnold Matthias , Nho Kwangsik , Kueider-Paisley Alexandra , Massaro Tyler , Huynh Kevin , Brauner Barbara , MahmoudianDehkordi Siamak , Louie Gregory , Moseley M. Arthur , Thompson J. Will , John-Williams Lisa St , Tenenbaum Jessica D. , Blach Colette , Chang Rui , Brinton Roberta D. , Baillie Rebecca , Han Xianlin , Trojanowski John Q. , Shaw Leslie M. , Martins Ralph , Weiner Michael W. , Trushina Eugenia , Toledo Jon B. , Meikle Peter J. , Bennett David A. , Krumsiek Jan , Doraiswamy P. Murali , Saykin Andrew J. , Kaddurah-Daouk Rima , Kastenmüller Gabi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLate-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can, in part, be considered a metabolic disease. Besides age, female sex and APOE ε4 genotype represent strong risk factors for AD that also give rise to large metabolic differences. We systematically investigated group-specific metabolic alterations by conducting stratified association analyses of 139 serum metabolites in 1,517 individuals from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative with AD biomarkers. We observed substantial sex differences in effects of 15 metabolites with partially overlapping differences for APOE ε4 status groups. Several group-specific metabolic alterations were not observed in unstratified analyses using sex and APOE ε4 as covariates. Combined stratification revealed further subgroup-specific metabolic effects limited to APOE ε4+ females. The observed metabolic alterations suggest that females experience greater impairment of mitochondrial energy production than males. Dissecting metabolic heterogeneity in AD pathogenesis can therefore enable grading the biomedical relevance for specific pathways within specific subgroups, guiding the way to personalized medicine.
Clustering of Largely Right-Censored Oropharyngeal Head and Neck Cancer Patients for Discriminative Groupings to Improve Outcome Prediction
Authors: Tosado Joel , Zdilar Luka , Elhalawani Hesham , Elgohari Baher , Vock David M. , Marai G. Elisabeta , Fuller Clifton , Mohamed Abdallah S. R. , Canahuate Guadalupe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClustering is the task of identifying groups of similar subjects according to certain criteria. The AJCC staging system can be thought as a clustering mechanism that groups patients based on their disease stage. This grouping drives prognosis and influences treatment. The goal of this work is to evaluate the efficacy of machine learning algorithms to cluster the patients into discriminative groups to improve prognosis for overall survival (OS) and relapse free survival (RFS) outcomes. We apply clustering over a retrospectively collected data from 644 head and neck cancer patients including both clinical and radiomic features. In order to incorporate outcome information into the clustering process and deal with the large proportion of censored samples, the feature space was scaled using the regression coefficients fitted using a proxy dependent variable, martingale residuals, instead of follow-up time. Two clusters were identified and evaluated using cross validation. The Kaplan Meier (KM) curves between the two clusters differ significantly for OS and RFS (p-value < 0.0001). Moreover, there was a relative predictive improvement when using the cluster label in addition to the clinical features compared to using only clinical features where AUC increased by 5.7% and 13.0% for OS and RFS, respectively.