bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociotechnical systems design revisited at the end of the 20th century. STS 2.0
Authors: Butera Federico 
Published: December 2020

At the end of the '90s, digital technologies took command changing global value chains, business models, services, organisational functioning, work. Business Process Reengineering, Lean Production, CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work) became very popular approaches among managers overshadowing the STS (Sociotechnical Approach). In this chapter, a reconsideration of sociotechnical approach is proposed in line with the digital revolution and the new needs for rapid and radical changes. The positive aspect of those approaches are partly incorporated in the proposal of a Sociotechnical Approach 2.0: going back to the basic as process centred organization, quality of working life, process of design and change.1. Overcoming the bureaucratic and taylor-fordist organization. From functional to process centred organisation as the core step2. Business process re-engineering3. Computer Support Cooperative Work (CSCW)4. Lean production and Toyota Production System5. The sociotechnical design 2.06. The "Qualit" approach: how re-engineer and improve sociotechnical systems7. People empowerment8. Structural change management9. Sociotechnical system revisited at the end of the century. Joint design of information technology, business processes and work.
إستعمال إسلوب تعدد الأهداف الأمثل وفقاً للتحليل النسبي مع تطبيق عملي
Authors: Razooqee Mohamed Naji , Ashour Marwan Abdul Hameed 
Published: December 2020

يهدف البحث الى حل مشكلة إختيار المشروع المناسب من عدة مشاريع خدمية لمؤسسة الشهداء العراقية أو ترتيبها حسب الافضلية ضمن المعايير المستهدفة من قبل متخذ القرار، يتم ذلك عن طريق إستعمال احدى الطرق الكمية في اتخاد القرارات متعددة الأهداف (Multi Criteria Decision Making) ((MCDM الا وهي طريقة التحسين متعدد الأهداف حسب التحليل النسبي (Multi Objective Optimization by Ratios Analysis) ((MOORA لقياس الدرجة المركبة (composite score) للأداء الذي يحصل عليه كل بديل وأقصى فائدة تعود على الجهة المستفيدة وحسب المعايير واوزانها التي يتم حسابها عن طريق عملية التسلسل الهرمي التحليلي (Analytic Hierarchy Process) ((AHP ، اهم النتائج التي توصل اليها البحث وبالأعتماد على رأي الخبراء هي إختيار المشروع الثاني كأفضل بديل وعمل ترتيب (Ranking) حسب الأداء والدرجة المركبة التي حصل عليها كل بديل ، كما توصل الباحثون الى امكانية تطبيق النموذج لحل مختلف مشاكل (MCDM) وخاصة في الحالات التي تكون فيها المعايير متضاربة في مزيد من البحوث.
مقارنة بين طريقتي الامكان الشبه الجزائيه و الامكان الشبه الحدي في تقدير معلمات الانموذج الثنائي المتعدد المستويات
Authors: Mohammed ALrawi Zainab Nihad , Alani Iman Hasan 
Published: December 2020

تعد النماذج متعددة المستويات من اهم النماذج الواسعة الاستعمال في تطبيق وتحليل البيانات التي تتصف بكون المشاهدات تتخذ الشكل الهرمي، وفي بحثنا هذا تم تناول انموذج الانحدار اللوجستي الثنائي متعدد المستويات (انموذج حد ثابت عشوائي وميل عشوائي )، هنا تبرز اهمية البحث ان نماذج الانحدار الاعتيادية تقوم بحساب التباين العام للأنموذج وعدم امكانيتها قراءة التباينات والتغيرات بين المستويات لكن في حالة نماذج الانحدار المتعددة المستويات فان حساب التباين الكلي لها يكون غير دقيق وعليه فأن هذه النماذج تقوم بحساب التباينات والتغيرات لكل مستوى من مستويات الانموذج حيث يهدف البحث الى تقدير معلمات هذا الانموذج باستعمال طرائق تقريبية طريقة الامكان الشبة الجزائية (Penalized quasi-likelihood)، طريقة الامكان الشبه الحدي ((Marginal quasi-likelihood)، اذ تم استخدام اسلوب المحاكاة للمقارنة بين طرائق التقدير باختلاف حجوم العينات، ومن خلال معيار المقارنة متوسط مربعات الخطأ (MSE) للحصول على الطريقة الافضل في تقدير المعلمات، اظهرت النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها باستعمال اسلوب المحاكاة بأن طرائق التقدير اعطت نتائج متقاربة جدا الا ان طريقة الامكان الشبه الحدي MQL)) هي الافضل في جميع حجوم العينات.
Theoretical aspects of professionally applied physical training of rescuers of the Ministry of Emergencies of Belarus
Authors: Чумила Евгений Анатольевич , Маркач Игорь Иванович , Гурин Алексей Александрович 
Published: December 2020

Purpose. Theoretical substantiation of the approaches aimed at transforming the system of professionally applied physical training in the bodies and units for emergency situations of the Republic of Belarus.
Methods. The study was based on the contents aspects of the pedagogical process aimed at ensuring the effectiveness of the system of professionally applied physical training of rescuers. The following research methods were used: structural and functional, analysis, generalization and systematization, comparison, formalization.
Findings. The approaches to transforming the system of professionally applied physical training in the bodies and units for emergency situations of the Republic of Belarus are presented. The principles and ways presented in scientific and scientific-methodical literature focusing on the optimization of the content of professionally applied physical training of rescuers at all stages of professional training are generalized. It has been substantiated that each stage of professional development depends on a number of general and particular characteristics. Careful consideration and keeping records of individual characteristics will ensure the effective operation of the rescuer training system.
Application field of research. The research results can be used in the system of professionally applied physical training of rescuers of the Ministry for Emergency Situations of Belarus.
Puesta en Valor de la Mampostería Histórica: Casos de Estudio en Mendoza, Argentina
Authors: Maldonado Noemi Graciela , Martín Pablo Enrique , González del Solar Gerardo Andrés , Maldonado Ignacio Alberto , Buss Diego Leonardo , Domizio María Carolina 
Published: December 2020

En América se ha utilizado la mampostería cerámica cocida desde mediados del siglo XVIII la cual forma parte del patrimonio cultural local. La permanencia en el tiempo se debe a su técnica de construcción, calidad de materiales y mantenimiento además del efecto de los terremotos. Se presentan resultados de inspección detallada de cinco construcciones de mampostería cerámica de valor patrimonial con diferentes patologías que requieren distintas tecnologías de puesta en valor en la zona de mayor riesgo sísmico de Argentina.
La metodología de estudio utilizada para las propuestas de rehabilitación incluye la modelación por elementos finitos, lo que requiere de parámetros de comportamiento de mampuestos y morteros para comprender las patologías subyacentes obtenidos de ensayos de laboratorio y monitoreo in situ. La puesta en valor debe considerar que no se presente incompatibilidad de materiales aplicando tecnologías locales.
Pemodelan Perubahan Garis Pantai Ujung Tape Kabupaten Pinrang
Authors: Irwan Irwan , Ihsan Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui magnitudo erosi dan sedimentasi garis pantai Ujung Tape dalam proyeksikan lima tahunan dan di mana letak bangunan pelindung pantai yang bisa diterapkan di lokasi tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah memodelkan gelombang dan garis pantai pada software STWAVE dan GENESIS yang berbasis model numerik. Kalibrasi model dilakukan dengan memodelkan garis pantai terukur (measured shoreline) dan garis pantai awal (initial shoreline) untuk mendapatkan koefisien kalibrasi (k1 dan k2). Nilai k1 dan k2 yang memiliki kesalahan error (Ɛc) yang terkecil dan memiliki tren yang lebih mendekati perubahan garis pantai di lokasi digunakan sebagai variabel bebas terpilih untuk mensimulasikan garis pantai dalam lima tahun ke depan. Simulasi garis pantai juga dilakukan dengan penambahan model bangunan pelindung pantai yaitu pemecah gelombang (skenario A dan B). Hasil simulasi dari tahun pertama sampai tahun kelima menunjukkan garis pantai dominan mengalami erosi walaupun di beberapa grid mengalami sedimentasi. Sel grid ke 480 sampai 2640 mengalami erosi dimana yang terbesar adalah sel grid ke 1540 dengan erosi -7331.99 m3. Perubahan garis Pantai Ujung Tape dari tahun pertama sampai tahun kelima menunjukkan pantai dominan mengalami erosi dengan volume angkutan sedimen sebesar –462.863 m3. Bentuk perlindungan garis pantai Ujung Tape yang dapat mencegah erosi adalah melalui model breakwater skenario A dan B dengan tangkapan sedimen sebesar 509.583 m3/tahun (skenario A) dan 463.370 m3/tahun (skenario B).
Studi Pengaruh Silinder Pori Pada Saluran Drainase Terhadap Debit Infiltrasi Pada Tanah Lempung
Authors: Sindagamanik Fenti Daud , Antaria Sukmasari , Nenny Nenny 
Published: December 2020

Usaha penanggulangan banjir perlu dilakukan secara dini, dimana salah satunya adalah melakukan perbaikan pada sistim drainase. Penanggulangan banjir memerlukan desain drainase efektif, berwawasan lingkungan , yang berfungsi menampung, dan mengalirkan air dari badan jalan ke lapisan tanah yang ada di bawahnya . penelitian skala laboratorium sangat diperlukan untuk mengetahui : dimensi, rasio luas, bahan dan kedalaman lubang pori yang efektif untuk meresapkan air dari badan saluran drainase ke lapisan tanah di bawah saluran. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan Studi eksperimental dengan menggunakan model saluran drainase bersilinder pori. Pengujian dilakukan dengan 3 variasi diameter lubang, ,3 variasi ketinggian muka air di saluran. Sebagai media infiltrasi digunakan tanah jenis Lempung yang dimodelkan berdasarkan sampel tanah yang diambil pada lokasi yang sering mengalami banjir atau genangan . Dari pengamatan dan uji laboratorium diharapkan dapat di hasilkan dimensi silinder pori yang seseuai dengan kondisi tanah Lempung pada bagian bawah saluran drainase. Makalah ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian Saluran Bersilinder Pori Berwawasan Lingkungan Pereduksi Genangan banjir Perkotaan, yaitu mengenai Pengaruh Silinder Pori Terhadap debit Infiltrasi Pada Tanah Lempung
Outcomes of COVID-19 Among Hospitalized Patients With Non-dialysis CKD
Authors: Coca Armando , Burballa Carla , Centellas-Pérez Francisco Javier , Pérez-Sáez María José , Bustamante-Munguira Elena , Ortega Agustín , Dueñas Carlos , Arenas María Dolores , Pérez-Martínez Juan , Ruiz Guadalupe , Crespo Marta , Llamas Francisco , Bustamante-Munguira Juan , Pascual Julio 
Published: December 2020

Background:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus 2 has generated significant impact on global health worldwide. COVID-19 can cause pneumonia and organ injury. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been associated with increased mortality in previous epidemics, but there is a paucity of data regarding actual risks for non-dialysis CKD patients with COVID-19.Methods:Multicenter, observational cohort study including 136 non-dialysis CKD patients and 136 age- and sex-matched controls that required hospitalization due to COVID-19. Patients with end-stage renal disease, a kidney transplant or without registered baseline glomerular filtration rate prior to COVID-19 infection were excluded. CKD and acute kidney injury (AKI) were defined according to KDIGO criteria.Results:CKD patients had higher white blood cell count and D-dimer and lower lymphocyte percentage. No differences were found regarding symptoms on admission. CKD was associated with higher rate of AKI (61 vs. 24.3%) and mortality (40.4 vs. 24.3%). Patients with AKI had the highest hazard for death (AKI/non-CKD HR:7.04, 95% CI:2.87–17.29; AKI/CKD HR:5.25, 95% CI: 2.29–12.02), followed by CKD subjects without AKI (HR:3.39, 95% CI:1.36–8.46). CKD status did not condition ICU admission or length of in-hospital stay.Conclusions:CKD patients that require hospitalization due to COVID-19 are exposed to higher risk of death and AKI.
Astrocytic Sonic Hedgehog Alleviates Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Brain Injury via Modulation of Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity
Authors: Xing Gebeili , Zhao Tianman , Zhang Xiyue , Li He , Li Xiuping , Cui Pan , Li Minshu , Li Daojing , Zhang Nan , Jiang Wei 
Published: December 2020

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a fatal subtype of stroke that lacks effective therapy. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage is a hallmark of ICH-induced brain injury that leads to edema formation, leukocytes infiltration, influx of blood components into the perihematomal (PHE) region, and eventually brain injury. Astrocytes are essential for the formation and maintenance of the BBB by providing secreted molecules that contribute to the association between these cells. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) derived from astrocytes promotes the maturity and integrity of the BBB by upregulating tight junctions (TJs) in brain capillary endothelial cells (ECs). However, the effect of SHH on BBB in ICH has not been investigated.Methods: Cyclopamine (CYC) is a potent, selective inhibitor that specifically blocks the SHH signaling pathway. Here, we used pharmacological inhibitions (CYC and its derivatives) to determine a critical role of the SHH signaling pathway in promoting BBB integrity after ICH by mechanisms of regulating the TJ proteins in vivo and in vitro.Results: The expression of astrocytic SHH was upregulated in mouse brains after ICH. Compared with the vehicle-treated group, inhibition of the SHH signaling pathway with CYC and its derivatives treatments aggravated neurological function deficits, brain edema, hematoma volume, and BBB impairment by downregulating TJs in ECs through the SHH-Gli-1 axis in vivo and in vitro.Conclusions: SHH signaling pathway at the level of the BBB provides a barrier-promoting effect, suggesting that the SHH signaling pathway may function as a potential therapeutic target for restoring BBB function in ICH.
Association Between Amyloid Accumulation and Sleep in Patients With Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Lee Hanul , Cho Hyunjin , Choe Yeong Sim , Seo Sang Won , Joo Eun Yeon 
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: Amyloid-beta protein may lead to sleep disturbance and eventually develop cognitive impairment. Idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is a predictor of neurodegeneration, yet there have been limited studies evaluating the relationship between cognitive decline and amyloid accumulation in iRBD patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical and sleep characteristics of iRBD patients and its association with amyloid deposition.Methods: We enroll 23 iRBD patients (mean age, 65.8 years; male, 73.9%), and their mean history of clinically suspected RBD was 6.5 years. All underwent 18F-flutemetamol amyloid PET completed polysomnography (PSG) and questionnaires. Patients were classified into two groups according to amyloid deposition as amyloid positive and negative. Clinical and sleep parameters were compared between groups and were correlated with amyloid deposition, calculated as a standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR).Results: Four patients (17.4%) were revealed to be amyloid positive, and they showed increased percentage of wake after sleep onset (WASO), stage N1, and stage N2 sleep and worse on the Stroop Word Color Test compared to amyloid negative patients. Global SUVR was correlated with total sleep time, sleep efficiency, WASO, and N1 sleep, and these sleep parameters were associated with a part of default mode network of brains such as orbitofrontal, dorsolateral pre-frontal, and left temporal areas.Conclusion: iRBD patients with amyloid deposition have worse sleep quality than patients without amyloid. Relationship between fragmented sleep and amyloid deposition in the default mode network may be crucial to elucidate the disease progress of iRBD.
Cerebellar Direct Current Stimulation (ctDCS) in the Treatment of Huntington's Disease: A Pilot Study and a Short Review of the Literature
Authors: Bocci Tommaso , Baloscio Davide , Ferrucci Roberta , Sartucci Ferdinando , Priori Alberto 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: In recent years, a growing body of literature has investigated the use of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques as a putative treatment in Huntington's Disease (HD). Our aim was to evaluate the effects of cerebellar transcranial Direct Current Simulation (ctDCS) on the motor outcome in patients affected by HD, encompassing at the same time the current knowledge about the effects of NIBS both on motor and non-motor dysfunctions in HD.Materials and Methods: Four patients (two females) were enrolled and underwent ctDCS (both anodal or sham, elapsed by at least 3 months: 2.0 mA, 20 min per day, 5 days a week). Clinical scores were assessed by using the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale – part I (UHDRS-I), immediately before ctDCS (T0), at the end of the 5-days treatment (T1) and 4 weeks later (T2).Results: Anodal ctDCS improved motor scores compared to baseline (p = 0.0046), whereas sham stimulation left them unchanged (p = 0.33, Friedman test). In particular, following anodal ctDCS, UHDRS-I score significantly improved, especially regarding the subitem “dystonia,” both at T1 and T2 compared to sham condition (p &lt; 0.05; Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed test).Conclusions: ctDCS improved motor scores in HD, with effects lasting for about 4 weeks after tDCS completion. This is the first study discussing the putative role of cerebellar non-invasive simulation for the treatment of HD.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Acral Melanoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zheng Qingyue , Li Jiarui , Zhang Hanlin , Wang Yuanzhuo , Zhang Shu 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionAcral melanoma (AM) has different biological characteristics from cutaneous melanoma. Although systemic therapeutic strategies for advanced AM resemble those for advanced cutaneous melanoma, the evidence of the clinical use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for AM is still inadequate. We aimed to systematically analyze the therapeutic effects and safety profile of ICI treatments in advanced AM.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted in line with a previously registered protocol. Three electronic databases, conference abstracts, clinical trial registers, and reference lists of included articles were searched for eligible studies. The primary outcomes were therapeutic effects, and the secondary outcomes were the safety profiles.ResultsThis systematic review included six studies investigating anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy, 12 studies investigating anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, one study investigating the combination therapy of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1, and one study investigating anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in combination with radiotherapy. In most studies investigating ipilimumab, the anti-CTLA-4 antibody, the objective response rate ranged from 11.4 to 25%, the median progression-free survival ranged from 2.1 to 6.7 months, and the median overall survival was more than 7.16 months. For studies discussing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy with nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or JS001, the objective response rate ranged from 14 to 42.9%, the median progression-free survival ranged from 3.2 to 9.2 months, and the median overall survival was more than 14 months. The combination therapy of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy showed better efficacy with an objective response rate of 42.9% than single-agent therapy. The retrospective study investigating the combination therapy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and radiation showed no overall response. Few outcomes regarding safety were reported in the included studies.ConclusionsICIs, especially anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies combined with anti-PD-1 antibodies, are effective systematic treatments in advanced AM. However, there remains a lack of high-level evidence to verify their efficacy and safety and support their clinical application.
Multiple Microinvasion Foci in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Recurrence and Worse Survival Outcome
Authors: Si Jing , Guo Rong , Pan Huan , Lu Xiang , Guo Zhiqin , Han Chao , Xue Li , Xing Dan , Wu Wanxin , Chen Caiping 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundDuctal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCISM) was defined as one or more foci of invasion beyond the basement membrane within 1 mm. The size of primary lesion is associated with axillary status and prognosis in patients with invasive breast cancer; thus, it is of interest to determine whether multiple foci of microinvasion are associated with a higher risk of positive axillary status or worse long-term outcomes in patients with DCISM.MethodsThis study identified 359 patients with DCISM who had undergone axillary evaluation at our institute from January 2006 to December 2015. Patients were categorized as one focus or multiple foci (≥2 foci) according to the pathological results. Clinicopathological features, axillary status, and disease-free survival rate were obtained and analyzed.ResultsOf 359 patients, 233 (64.90%) had one focus of microinvasion and 126 (35.10%) had multiple foci. Overall, 242 (67.41%) and 117 (32.59%) patients underwent sentinel lymph nodes biopsy (SLNB) and axillary lymph nodes dissection (ALND), respectively. Isolated tumor cells were found in four (1.11%) patients and axillary metastasis rate was 2.51%. Neither axillary evaluation methods (P = 0.244) nor axillary metastasis rate (P = 0.559) was significantly different between patients with one focus and multiple foci. In univariate analysis, patients with multiple foci tended to have larger tumor size (P &lt; 0.001), higher nuclear grade (P = 0.001), and higher rate of lymphatic vascular invasion (P = 0.034). Also, the proportion of positive HER2 (P = 0.027) and Ki67 level (P = 0.004) increased in patients with multiple foci, while in multivariate analysis, only tumor size showed significant difference (P = 0.009). Patients with multiple foci were more likely to receive chemotherapy (56.35 vs 40.77%; P = 0.028). At median 5.11 years follow-up, overall survival rate was 99.36%. Patients with multiple microinvasive foci had worse disease-free survival rate compared with one-focus patients (98.29 vs 93.01%, P = 0.032).ConclusionEven though the numbers of microinvasion were different and patients with multiple foci of microinvasion tended to have larger tumor size, there was no higher risk of axillary involvement compared with patients with one focus of microinvasion, while patients with multiple microinvasive foci had worse DFS rate. Thus, DCISM patients with multiple foci of microinvasion may be the criterion for more aggressive local–regional treatment. Optimization of adjuvant therapy in DCISM patients is required.