bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A shell model for resin flow and preform deformation in thin-walled composite manufacturing processes
Authors: Wu Da , Larsson Ragnar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe paper proposes a novel approach to model the in-plane resin flow in deformable thin-walled fiber preforms for liquid composite molding processes. By ignoring the through-thickness flow in large scale thin-walled components, the 3-D resin flow is simplified to an in-plane flow inside the preform by a specialized divergence theorem. Shell kinematics are used to describe the fiber preform deformation, and the compressible flow is modeled in the context of the free surface flow in porous media. For simplicity and efficiency, the normal stretch, which is driven by the internal fluid and applied external pressure, represents the fiber preform expansion and compression. As compared with full 3-D models, the proposed shell model significantly reduces the problem size, while it still represents the primary physical phenomena during the process. The effects of neglecting the through-thickness flow are illustrated in a numerical example that compares the flow for a set of preforms with different thickness. The model is demonstrated from the numerical example of the mold filling in a doubly curved thin-walled fiber preform. Due to the applied vacuum and the consequent resin flow motion, the relevant deformation of the preform is observed.
Fabrication and performance of an ultrafine silver grid film applied to flexible touch sensor
Authors: Tang Genchu , Tang Bin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe fabrication and performance of an ultrafine silver (Ag) grid film applied to flexible touch sensor as the transparent conductive electrode is reported. The ultrafine Ag grid film was fabricated based on the laser direct writing, electroforming, nano-imprint lithography. In the manufacturing process, firstly, the Nickel (Ni) mold used as the master mold was obtained by laser direct writing and electroforming technologies. Secondly, the micro-grooves were transferred from the Ni mold onto the surface of UV glue coated on the polyethylene terephthalate film through nano-imprinting technology. Lastly, the ultrafine Ag grid was generated through nano-imprint lithography with Ag paste filled into the micro-grooves on the UV glue. The result indicated that the ultrafine Ag grid film with size (L) 640 mm × (W) 520 mm had a uniform line width of 1.01 μm and showed excellent optoelectronic and mechanical properties, such as optical transmittance 90.00%, Haze 1.49%, sheet resistance 5.4 Ω/□, the variation ratio of the sheet resistance within 3% after 8000 bending cycles, and the almost negligible morphology change after the adhesion cross-cut test. Furthermore, the functional test was performed on a flexible touch sensor applying the ultrafine Ag grid film.
Business and Human Rights Scholarship in Social Issues in Management: An Analytical Review
Authors: SCHREMPF-STIRLING Judith , VAN BUREN Harry J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBusiness and human rights (BHR) scholarship addresses whether corporations have human rights responsibilities and if so, what such responsibilities mean for corporate behaviour. BHR scholarship is cross-disciplinary and scattered across numerous academic disciplines such as law, philosophy, management, political science and accounting. While BHR scholarship in law is well established, this review focuses on BHR scholarship in the social issues in management (SIM) field, which – like BHR scholarship – addresses the nature and content of corporate responsibility. Based on a review of 180 articles from SIM speciality journals published between 1990 and 2017, the article suggests that BHR research has emerged as a subfield of study within SIM. BHR scholarship to date has largely focused on the justification for why firms have human rights responsibilities, and on descriptive research studies at the organizational and macro level. The article develops a conceptual framework for future BHR research which can usefully guide scholars – both SIM and non-SIM BHR scholars – in identifying potential research gaps and embedding their research in related focus areas.
Descriptive representation and public support for Supreme Court nominees
Authors: Kaslovsky Jaclyn , Rogowski Jon C. , Stone Andrew R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThough the demographic characteristics of judicial nominees in the United States have gained increased political attention in recent years, relatively little is known about how they affect public opinion toward judicial nominees and courts. We evaluate these relationships in the context of race and gender using a conjoint experiment conducted during a recent vacancy on the U.S. Supreme Court. We find consistent evidence that Americans are more supportive of coracial nominees, particularly among white Republicans and Black Democrats, but no evidence of a similar effect on the basis of gender. Our results have important implications for theories of descriptive representation and suggest limits to its use as a means for generating political support for judicial nominees.
Trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid reduces milk fat content and lipogenic gene expression in the mammary gland of sows without altering litter performance
Authors: Sandri E. C. , Harvatine K. J. , Oliveira D. E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTrans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) decreases milk fat synthesis in lactating sows and involves, at least in part, the down-regulation of lipogenic genes. The objective was to evaluate the effect of CLA on milk composition and lipogenic gene expression. Twenty multiparous sows were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments for 18 d (from day 7 to day 25 of lactation): (1) control (no CLA added) and (2) 1 % of CLA mixed into the ration. CLA treatment decreased milk fat and protein content by 20 % (P= 0·004) and 11 % (P= 0·0001), respectively. However, piglet weight did not differ between treatments (P= 0·60). Dietary CLA increased the concentration of SFA in milk fat by 16 % (P< 0·0001) and decreased MUFA by 17·6 % (P< 0·0001). In the mammary gland, CLA reduced gene expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-αby 37 % (P= 0·003), fatty acid synthase by 64 % (P= 0·002), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 by 52 % (P= 0·003), lipoprotein lipase by 26 % (P= 0·03), acyl glycerol phosphate acyltransferase 6 by 15 % (P= 0·02) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 by 27 % (P= 0·02), whereas the expression of fatty acid binding protein 3 was not altered by CLA treatment (P= 0·09). Mammary expression of casein-βandα-lactalbumin was reduced by CLA by 68 % (P= 0·0004) and 62 % (P= 0·005), respectively. Additionally, CLA had no effect on the expression of lipogenic genes evaluated in adipose tissue. In summary, CLA reduced milk fat content without negatively affecting litter performance and it affected mammary expression of genes involved in all lipogenic pathways studied.
Negativity Bias: The Impact of Framing of Immigration on Welfare State Support in Germany, Sweden and the UK
Authors: Avdagic Sabina , Savage Lee 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHow does the framing of immigration influence support for the welfare state? Drawing on research from psychology, specifically the notion of negativity bias and the sequencing of negative and positive information, this article argues that negative immigration frames undermine welfare support, while positive frames have little or no effect. Individuals take less notice of positive frames, and the effect of such frames is further undermined by the previous exposure to negative frames, which tend to stick longer in people's minds. The findings, based on survey experiments on over 9,000 individuals in Germany, Sweden and the UK, show that negative framing of immigration has a strong and pervasive effect on support for welfare. The article also finds some evidence that this effect is further amplified for people who hold anti-immigrant and anti-welfare attitudes or feel economically insecure. The effect of positive framing is considerably weaker and does not strengthen welfare support in any of the three countries.
Habitat use in different life and moulting stages of Callinectes sapidus (Decapoda, Portunidae) in South Brazilian estuarine and marine environments
Authors: Ortega Ileana , Ibeiro Christopher Fonseca , Rodrigues Lucas Santos , Rodrigues Marcos Alaniz , Dumont Luiz Felipe Cestari 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe blue crab Callinectes sapidus is an important ecological and commercial species. It plays a fundamental role in the structure and function of coastal benthic food webs, with global catches of ~74,357 tons. This is the most exploited portunid species in Brazil. However, few studies about the ecology and population dynamics of C. sapidus have been published. This study aimed to analyse the preferred areas for the spatial distribution of juveniles and moulting individuals of C. sapidus in shallow areas of the Patos Lagoon estuary and the adjacent marine reproductive area, and their relation to water and sediment characteristics. Juveniles and moulting individuals preferred the embayment of the upper estuary, where the sediments are finer, with higher contents of organic matter and the presence of submerged vegetation. There was also a temporal variability in the abundance of juvenile size classes, with two marked increments of smaller individuals: (1) in late spring and summer and (2) in winter, indicating two recruitment peaks. Unusual environmental conditions in the summer of the first year, with an increase of fine sediments and organic matter, combined with low salinities in the adjacent marine area, allowed recruitment of individuals there. We suggest better attention to the embayment around the Marinheiros Island (considered here as upper estuary) for management and protection measures due to the overlapping of recruitment preferences of the blue crab, pink shrimp and fish species in this area.
The Cosmopolitan Moment in Colonial Modernity: The Bahá’í faith, spiritual networks, and universalist movements in early twentieth-century China
Authors: WAN ZHAOYUAN , PALMER DAVID A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article outlines the spread of the Bahá’í religion—known in Chinese asDatong jiao大同教)— as a form of religious cosmopolitanism in Republican China (1912–1949). Originating in Iran, its spread to China can be traced to links with the Ottoman empire, British Palestine, the United States, and Japan. By tracking the individuals, connections, and events through which knowledge of the Bahá’í movement spread in China, our study reveals an overlapping nexus of networks—intellectual reformers, liberal Christians, Esperantists, Confucian modernizers, redemptive society activists, and socialists—that shared cosmopolitan ideals. The Bahá’í connections thus serve as a thread that reveals the influence of a unique ‘cosmopolitan moment’ in Republican China, hitherto largely ignored in the scholarly literature on this period, which has focused primarily on the growth of modern Chinese nationalism. Leading nationalist figures endorsed these movements at a specific juncture of Asian colonial modernity, showing that nationalism and cosmopolitanism were seen as expressions of the same ideal of a world community. We argue that the sociology of cosmopolitanism should attend to non-secular and non-state movements that advocated utopian visions of cosmopolitanism, map the circulations that form the nexus of such groups, and identify the contextual dynamics that produce ‘cosmopolitan moments’ at specific historical junctures and locations.
Improving the random encounter model method to estimate carnivore densities using data generated by conventional camera-trap design
Authors: Garrote Germán , Pérez de Ayala Ramón , Álvarez Antón , Martín José M. , Ruiz Manuel , de Lillo Santiago , Simón Miguel A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe random encounter model, a method for estimating animal density using camera traps without the need for individual recognition, has been developed over the past decade. A key assumption of this model is that cameras are placed randomly in relation to animal movements, requiring that cameras are not set only at sites thought to have high animal traffic. The aim of this study was to define a correction factor that allows the random encounter model to be applied in photo-trapping surveys in which cameras are placed along tracks to maximize capture probability. Our hypothesis was that applying such a correction factor would compensate for the different rates at which lynxes use tracks and the surrounding area, and should thus improve the estimates obtained with the random encounter model. We tested this using data from a well-known Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus population. Firstly, we estimated Iberian lynx densities using a traditional camera-trapping design followed by spatially explicit capture–recapture analyses. We estimated the differential use rate for tracks vs the surrounding area using data from a lynx equipped with a GPS collar, and subsequently calculated the correction factor. As expected, the random encounter model overestimated densities by 378%. However, the application of the correction factor improved the estimate and reduced the error to 16%. Although there are limitations to the application of the correction factor, the corrected random encounter model shows potential for density estimation of species for which individual identification is not possible.
Association of etiological factors across the extreme end and continuous variation in disordered eating in female Swedish twins
Authors: Dinkler Lisa , Taylor Mark J. , Råstam Maria , Hadjikhani Nouchine , Bulik Cynthia M. , Lichtenstein Paul , Gillberg Christopher , Lundström Sebastian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that many psychiatric disorders etiologically represent the extreme end of dimensionally distributed features rather than distinct entities. The extent to which this applies to eating disorders (EDs) is unknown.MethodsWe investigated if there is similar etiology in (a) the continuous distribution of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), (b) the extremes of EDI-2 score, and (c) registered ED diagnoses, in 1481 female twin pairs at age 18 years (born 1992–1999). EDI-2 scores were self-reported at age 18. ED diagnoses were identified through the Swedish National Patient Register, parent-reported treatment and/or self-reported purging behavior of a frequency and duration consistent with DSM-IV criteria. We differentiated between anorexia nervosa (AN) and other EDs.ResultsThe heritability of the EDI-2 score was 0.65 (95% CI 0.61–0.68). The group heritabilities in DeFries–Fulker extremes analyses were consistent over different percentile-based extreme groups [0.59 (95% CI 0.37–0.81) to 0.65 (95% CI 0.55–0.75)]. Similarly, the heritabilities in liability threshold models were consistent over different levels of severity. In joint categorical-continuous models, the twin-based genetic correlation was 0.52 (95% CI 0.39–0.65) between EDI-2 score and diagnoses of other EDs, and 0.26 (95% CI 0.08–0.42) between EDI-2 score and diagnoses of AN. The non-shared environmental correlations were 0.52 (95% CI 0.32–0.70) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.38–0.79), respectively.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that some EDs can partly be conceptualized as the extreme manifestation of continuously distributed ED features. AN, however, might be more distinctly genetically demarcated from ED features in the general population than other EDs.
The Strength of a Weak Organization: The Communist Youth League as a Path to Power in Post-Mao China
Authors: Doyon Jérôme 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHow can a weak organization be a path to power? The Chinese Communist Youth League (CYL) lacks autonomy and coherence yet it is seen as the cradle for one of the main factions within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). To understand this tension, I provide a novel account of the role played by the CYL in the recruitment of leading cadres since the 1980s. Against explanations based on factional struggles, I argue that the rise of CYL-affiliated cadres is a by-product of the organization's weakness. As the Party appoints CYL heads, CCP leaders, at various levels and at different points in time, have used the League to accelerate the promotion of their protégés. For years, there has been little incentive for Party bosses to dismantle this promotion path. However, in his bid to consolidate his power, Xi Jinping has weakened this channel so that it may not be used by potential rivals.
Overestimated discriminatory power of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for typing of carbapenem-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniaeclones
Authors: Jiang Fei , Kong Ziyan , Cheng Chen , Kang Haiquan , Gu Bing , Ma Ping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHomology surveillance of carbapenem-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP) is critical to monitor and prevent outbreaks of nosocomial infections. In the present study, a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-TOF MS)-based method was evaluated as a rapid tool for typing CRKP in comparison with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi locus sequence typing (MLST). Drug-resistant phenotypes and genotypes of 44 CRKP isolates were detected by microdilution broth method and polymerase chain reaction, and typed by PFGE, MLST and MALDI-TOF MS. Simpson's Index of Diversity was used to evaluate taxonomic diversity, Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) for congruence between the typing methods and Wallace coefficients (W) for the ability of either method to predict each other. Forty-four CRKP isolates of 15 sequence types (STs) produced eitherNDM-1(n= 16),NDM-5(n= 9) orKPC-2(n= 19) carbapenemases. PFGE differentiated these isolates into 16 distinct types, and two deoxyribonucleic acid profiles were assigned to ST337 and ST11, respectively. MALDI-TOF MS failed to clearly delineate between clusters on dendrograms based on principal components analysis and main spectrum profile. The chosen parameters resulted in a maximum ARI of 0.310 (95% CI 0.088–0.531) between MALDI-TOF MS typing and the PFGE reference, indicating a low ability of the former to correctly identify related isolates. Likewise, the maximumWcoefficient of 0.367 (95% CI 0.203–0.532) showed that MALDI-TOF MS had a lower predictive power than PFGE. We conclude that MALDI-TOF MS lacks the discriminatory power necessary for clone assignment of CRKP isolates and consequently cannot be considered as a rapid and creditable method for this purpose.
The Young Adolescent Project: A longitudinal study of the effects of maltreatment on adolescent development
Authors: Negriff Sonya , Gordis Elana B. , Susman Elizabeth J. , Kim Kihyun , Peckins Melissa K. , Schneiderman Janet U. , Mennen Ferol E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Young Adolescent Project (YAP) is an ongoing longitudinal study investigating the effects of abuse and neglect on adolescent development. It is a multidisciplinary study guided by a developmental, ecological perspective, and designed to consider the physical, social, and psychological effects of childhood maltreatment through the transition from childhood to adolescence. Four waves of data collection have been completed, ranging from early (Mean age = 10.95) to late adolescence (Mean age = 18.24). Members of the maltreated group (n = 303) were selected from new cases that had been opened by the Department of Child and Family Services, whereas the comparison group (n = 151) were not involved with child welfare but lived in the same neighborhoods as the maltreated group. The study assessed a wide variety of domains including physical development (e.g., height, weight, body mass, pubertal development); physiological reactivity (e.g., cortisol); cognitive abilities; mental health (e.g., symptoms of depression, anxiety, trauma, and aggression); risk behavior (e.g., sexual activity, delinquency, or substance use); social development (e.g., self-esteem, competence, and social support); family environment; and exposure to community violence. Overall, our findings demonstrated the pervasive and persistent adverse effects of child maltreatment both within and across domains, but they also identified maltreated youth with positive functioning. Our hope is that this work will help move us toward identifying targets for intervention to cultivate resilience and positive adaptation after early maltreatment experiences.
Dynamics of Deep Ocean Eastern Boundary Currents
Authors: Yang Xiaoting , Tziperman Eli , Speer Kevin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe long‐standing paradigm for the large‐scale time‐averaged ocean circulation in the world oceans includes intensified currents at the western boundary, and a much slower interior flow elsewhere. However, poleward deep boundary currents in the eastern limits of the deep South Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans have been observed repeatedly at 2‐ to 4‐km depth. They carry up to a third of the total deep ocean transports, implying a significant role in climate, yet their dynamics are still not well understood. Here we develop a theoretical understanding for these currents, using a hierarchy of realistic and idealized models, focusing on the South Pacific Ocean. The deep eastern boundary current there is shown to be driven by a traditional interior balance together with a narrow boundary layer scale near the eastern boundary, which exists only when stratification and topography are both included. A simplified semianalytical vorticity model is developed for the deep eastern boundary current.
Present‐Day and Historical Aerosol and Ozone Characteristics in CNRM CMIP6 Simulations
Authors: Michou M. , Nabat P. , Saint‐Martin D. , Bock J. , Decharme B. , Mallet M. , Roehrig R. , Séférian R. , Sénési S. , Voldoire A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCharacteristics and radiative forcing of the aerosol and ozone fields of two configurations of the Centre National de Recherches Météoroglogiques (CNRM) and Cerfacs climate model are analyzed over the historical period (1850–2014), using several Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) simulations. CNRM‐CM6‐1 is the atmosphere‐ocean general circulation model including prescribed aerosols and a linear stratospheric ozone scheme, while the Earth System Model CNRM‐ESM2‐1 has interactive tropospheric aerosols and chemistry of the midtroposphere aloft. The representations of aerosols and ozone in CNRM‐CM6‐1 are issued from simulations of CNRM‐ESM2‐1, and this ensures some comparability of both representations. In particular, present‐day anthropogenic aerosol optical depths are similar (0.018), and their spatial patterns correspond to those of reference data sets such as MACv2 and MACv2‐SP despite a negative bias. Effective radiative forcings (ERFs) have been estimated using 30‐year fixed sea surface temperature simulations (piClim) and several calls to the radiative scheme. Present‐day anthropogenic aerosol ERF, aerosol‐radiation ERF, and aerosol cloud ERF are fully within CMIP5 estimates and, respectively, equal to
1.10,
0.36, and
0.81 W m
for CNRM‐CM6‐1 and
0.21,
0.61, and
0.74 W m
for CNRM‐ESM2‐1. Additional CMIP6‐type piClim simulations show that these differences are mainly due to the interactivity of the aerosol scheme whose impact is confirmed when assessing the response of both climate model configurations to rising CO
. Present‐day stratospheric ozone ERF, equal to
0.04 W m
, is in agreement with that of the CMIP6 ozone. No trend appears in the ozone ERF over the historical period although the evolution of the total column ozone is correctly simulated.