bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences between Scheimpflug and optical coherence tomography in determining safety distances in eyes with an iris-fixating phakic intraocular lens
Authors: Gaurisankar Zoraida S. , van Rijn Gwyneth A. , Luyten Gregorius P. M. , Beenakker Jan-Willem M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the agreement and reliability of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and Scheimpflug imaging in measuring the distance from the anterior edge of an iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens (IF-pIOL) to the corneal endothelium.

Methods
Anterior segment configuration was assessed in a total of 62 eyes of which 25 hyperopic and 37 myopic eyes, all corrected with an IF-pIOL. Measurements were performed by two independent observers using AS-OCT (Visante, Model 1000, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc.) and Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam HR, Oculus Optikgerate). The distance from the anterior edge of the pIOL to the endothelium was measured in five different positions using both modalities with their corresponding pIOL software. The measurements as well as the inter- and intra-observer reliability of the two imaging modalities were then compared.

Results
Distance measurements for all positions performed by AS-OCT were found to be significantly larger than those performed by Scheimpflug imaging, with mean differences ranging from 0.11 to 0.22 mm. Both instruments exhibited good inter- and intra-observer reliability.

Conclusion
Anterior pIOL edge to endothelium distance measurements by AS-OCT and Scheimpflug imaging have good intra- and inter-observer reliability. However, as AS-OCT provides larger measurements, these two modalities cannot be used interchangeably. Correction of this difference might be essential for proper decision-making during pre-operative screening for pIOL implantation and post-operative safety monitoring.
On the use of the Infinity Computer architecture to set up a dynamic precision floating-point arithmetic
Authors: Amodio Pierluigi , Brugnano Luigi , Iavernaro Felice , Mazzia Francesca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe devise a variable precision floating-point arithmetic by exploiting the framework provided by the Infinity Computer. This is a computational platform implementing the Infinity Arithmetic system, a positional numeral system which can handle both infinite and infinitesimal quantities expressed using the positive and negative finite or infinite powers of the radix $${\textcircled {1}}$$

1

. The computational features offered by the Infinity Computer allow us to dynamically change the accuracy of representation and floating-point operations during the flow of a computation. When suitably implemented, this possibility turns out to be particularly advantageous when solving ill-conditioned problems. In fact, compared with a standard multi-precision arithmetic, here the accuracy is improved only when needed, thus not affecting that much the overall computational effort. An illustrative example about the solution of a nonlinear equation is also presented.
Wage Inequality, Labor Market Polarization and Skill-Biased Technological Change: An Evolutionary (Agent-Based) Approach
Authors: Mellacher Patrick , Scheuer Timon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe replicate the core model of the well-tested Keynes + Schumpeter agent-based model family, which features an endogenous innovation process in the evolutionary tradition based on invention and imitation. We introduce heterogeneous labor in the form of three different types of workers, representing different skill levels. In addition to a number of other stylized facts, which are reproduced by any Keynes + Schumpeter model, our version also generates wage inequality and labor market polarization due to skill-biased technological change. We introduce various labor market institutions and policies to our artificial economy in order to test, whether and how they affect inequality and polarization. Those policies, which alter relative wages induce an evolution of the technological development towards a lower demand for the relatively expensive type of worker. Policies and institutions that only aim at increasing the relative wages of low- and medium skilled workers therefore prove to be unable to combat inequality in the long run on their own. In order to be effective, those policies must be combined with educative measures that allow the workers to adapt to the changes in labor demand. Our findings have important implications on the design of real-world policies against inequality and polarization, since they shed light on potential unintended consequences of some of these policies.
Upland rice yield enhanced by early nitrogen fertilization on previous palisade grass
Authors: Momesso Letusa , Crusciol Carlos A. C. , Soratto Rogério P. , Tanaka Katiuça S. , Costa Claudio H. M. , Cantarella Heitor , Kuramae Eiko E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh grain yields of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) can be achieved in no-tillage systems. However, managing nitrogen (N) fertilization for rice in succession to forage grasses is a challenge because forage residues change N cycling and increase microbial immobilization of N, thereby reducing N availability to the subsequent cash crop. In the present study, two field experiments were conducted to determine if applying all or part of the N fertilizer on preceding palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha) and ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis) or their desiccated residues immediately before rice seeding can supply N to the subsequent rice crop. Forage biomass yield (8–16 Mg ha− 1), N accumulation, and N supply to the subsequent upland rice were highest when all of the N fertilizer was applied on forage grasses at 50, 40 or 35 days before rice seeding (DBS), as opposed to the conventional split application at rice seeding and at tillering. On average, the grain yield of upland rice was 54% higher in succession to palisade grass compared with ruzigrass. The grain yield of rice was higher when N was applied to palisade grass at 35 DBS and ruzigrass at 50 DBS, reaching 5.0 Mg ha− 1 and 3.7 Mg ha− 1, respectively. However, applying N to ruzigrass was less effective for increasing upland rice yields since the yields did not differ from the treatments with the conventional split application. Adjusting the time of N application to forage grasses to increase the grain yields of subsequent upland rice is a sustainable alternative that can promote the economic viability of upland rice production.
Double burden of malnutrition in persons with obesity
Authors: Barazzoni Rocco , Gortan Cappellari Gianluca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA paradoxical double challenge has emerged in the last decades with respect to nutrition and nutrition-related clinical conditions. Hunger-related undernutrition continues to represent an unacceptable burden, although its prevalence has been encouragingly reduced worldwide. On the other hand, the prevalence of overweight and obesity, defined as fat excess accumulation with negative impact on individual health, has dramatically increased due to increasingly pervasive obesogenic lifestyle changes. Undernutrition and obesity may coexist in world regions, Countries and even smaller communities and households, being referred to as double burden of malnutrition. It is however important to point out that fat accumulation and obesity may also induce additional nutritional derangements in affected individuals, both directly through metabolic and body composition changes and indirectly through acute and chronic diseases with negative impact on nutritional status. In the current narrative review, associations between fat accumulation in obesity and malnutrition features as well as their known causes will be reviewed and summarized. These include risk of loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) that may allow for malnutrition diagnosis also in overweight and obese individuals, thereby introducing a new clinically relevant perspective to the obesity-related double burden of malnutrition concept.
Dynamics of Chinese Shidu Parents’ Vulnerability in Old Age –A Qualitative Study
Authors: Fang Chao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractShidu is a Chinese word, referring to a group of bereaved parents who were subject to the One-Child Policy and whose only child has died. Living in a society where care for older people largely relies on adult children, Shidu parents can be highly vulnerable due to losing an only child who may be their primary resource for old age security. Despite the noticeable rise of Shidu families in China, these vulnerable parents have often been overlooked in society and neglected by government policies. This article adopts a qualitative approach to analyse interviews with 15 older Shidu parents and four support professionals, capturing dynamic experiences of these parents’ vulnerability in grief, elderly care and end-of-life care. Through a sociological lens, these Shidu parents are found to have adapted, revised and even rejected the status quo to cope with significant gaps in support and to negotiate for more meaningful support for their old age. This dynamic but distressing picture has also revealed a lack of ongoing structures that can effectively address these older Shidu parents’ multifaceted and changing needs. Based on the findings, recommendations are made aiming to inform future practice and policymaking for older Shidu parents.
Animal bones in old graves: a zooarchaeological and contextual study on faunal remains and new dated evidence for the ritual re-use of old cemetery sites in Southern and Western Finland
Authors: Bläuer Auli 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnimal remains from twelve Iron Age (ca. 500 BC–1200/1300AD) sites from Southern and Western Finland, showing a mixture of finds and features typical of both settlement sites and cemeteries, were investigated using a zooarchaeological, taphonomic and contextual approach. Rarefaction analysis of the species richness and anatomical distribution indicates that the samples included both general domestic waste type and species and element-selective deposits of cattle and horse skulls, mandibles and limb bones. According to radiocarbon dating results, there seems to be a gap between the dates of burials and those of other ritual activities, indicating that the context of such deposits is a disused cemetery. The faunal deposits could represent remembrance rituals or relate to votive offerings intended to ensure healthy or productive livestock, a practice described in later ethnographic sources. These deposits seem to be in use within a large geographical area over a long period, and some aspects of this belief system may even have survived into the Christianisation of society in the historical period.
“The behavior of some terpolymers as lubricating oil additives”
Authors: El-shazly Reham I. , Kamal Rasha S. , Nassar Amal M. , Ahmed Nehal S. , Sayed Galal H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, we prepared different alkyl acrylates by esterifying acrylic acid with different alcohols (decanol, dodecanol, hexadecanol and octadecanol). Anilimide was then produced by the reaction of aniline with maleic anhydride. Different teropolymers were prepared by polymerization reaction of anilimide, different alkyl acrylate esters and olefins in different ratios. The thermal stability of the prepared terpolymers was measured by thermal gravimetric analysis which demonstrated a high thermal stability. The polymers were degraded above 500 °C. The rheology behavior shows shear-thinning, it approaches the ideal Newtonian behavior in case of polymer (C). The prepared terpolymers succeeded in raising the viscosity index of oil to 118 in case of polymer (C) and decreasing the pour point of oil to -12 in case of polymer (E).
Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for High Temperature (1000 °C) Sensing Based on a Few-Mode Fiber
Authors: Liu Juan , Luo Chaowei , Yang Hua , Yi Zhen , Liu Bin , He Xingdao , Wu Qiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) for high temperature (1000 °C) sensing based on few mode fiber (FMF) was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor was fabricated by fusing a section of FMF between two single-mode fibers (SMFs). The structure was proven to be an excellent high temperature sensor with good stability, repeatability, and high temperature sensitivity (48.2 pm/C) after annealing process at a high temperature lasting some hours, and a wide working temperature range (from room temperature to 1000 C). In addition, the simple fabrication process and the low cost offered a great potential for sensing in high temperature environments.
The Whiteness of AI
Authors: Cave Stephen , Dihal Kanta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the fact that AI is predominantly portrayed as white—in colour, ethnicity, or both. We first illustrate the prevalent Whiteness of real and imagined intelligent machines in four categories: humanoid robots, chatbots and virtual assistants, stock images of AI, and portrayals of AI in film and television. We then offer three interpretations of the Whiteness of AI, drawing on critical race theory, particularly the idea of the White racial frame. First, we examine the extent to which this Whiteness might simply reflect the predominantly White milieus from which these artefacts arise. Second, we argue that to imagine machines that are intelligent, professional, or powerful is to imagine White machines because the White racial frame ascribes these attributes predominantly to White people. Third, we argue that AI racialised as White allows for a full erasure of people of colour from the White utopian imaginary. Finally, we examine potential consequences of the racialisation of AI, arguing it could exacerbate bias and misdirect concern.
Unification of the wave and guidance equations for spin $$\frac{\mathbf {1}}{\mathbf {2}}$$
Authors: Holland Peter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe generalize our previous unification of the Schrödinger and guidance equations in a single inhomogeneous Schrödinger equation to a Riemannian manifold with an external vector potential. A special case yields the unified theory for a spin $$\frac{1}{2}$$

1
2

rigid rotator. The theory is proved to be symmetrical under the Galileo group, the unified field that integrates the particle and guiding wave being a 2-spinor.
Multi-scale simulation of three-dimensional thin-film lubrication
Authors: Wu Zuobing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor three-dimensional (3D) mono-layer molecular thin-film lubrication, the elasticity of the substrate affects the tribological behaviors of a thin fluid film confined by two solid substrates. To account for the elastic effects, this study establishes a multi-scale method that combines an atomistic description of the near region with a coarse-grained description of the far region of the solid substrate to simulate the thin-film lubrication. It is demonstrated that for a given temperature range and film-substrate coupling strength, the multi-scale method is in excellent agreement with the fully atomistic simulation. This study reveals that the elastic response of the substrate can be effectively rendered in the hybrid scheme. In the application of the multi-scale method to investigate the tribological properties of the multi-layer molecular thin-film lubrication, it is determined that the systematic static friction coefficient monotonously decreases as the molecular layer thickness in the fluid film increases. In comparison to the mono-layer molecular thin-film lubrication, the multi-layer molecular thin-film lubrication plays a role in reducing the friction and wear of the system.
Stressoren, Stresserleben und Stressfolgen von Pflegekräften im ambulanten und stationären Setting in Deutschland
Authors: Rohwer Elisabeth , Mojtahedzadeh Natascha , Harth Volker , Mache Stefanie 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag liefert einen Überblick über den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu arbeitsbedingtem Stress in der ambulanten und stationären Pflege. Dabei wird auf Stressoren (z. B. Zeitdruck) und das Stresserleben, ebenso wie auf kurz- und langfristige Folgen von Stress (z. B. emotionale Erschöpfung und Burnout) in der Pflegebranche eingegangen. Des Weiteren werden Möglichkeiten zum Umgang mit Stress und zur Gesundheitsförderung von Pflegekräften beleuchtet. Im Ausland wurden bisher mehr Studien zu arbeitsbedingtem Stress unter Pflegekräften, insbesondere zu Burnout als Folge von Stress, durchgeführt als in Deutschland. Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller struktureller Herausforderungen für die Pflegebranche zeigt sich ein dringender Forschungsbedarf bezüglich der Arbeits- und Gesundheitssituation von ambulant und stationär tätigen Pflegekräften in Deutschland.
R-OO-KASE: Revocable Online/Offline Key Aggregate Searchable Encryption
Authors: Padhya Mukti , Jinwala Devesh C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe existing Key Aggregate Searchable Encryption (KASE) schemes allow searches on the encrypted dataset using a single query trapdoor, with a feature to delegate the search rights of multiple files using a constant size key. However, the operations required to generate the ciphertext and decrypt it in these schemes incur higher computational costs, due to the computationally expensive pairing operations in encryption/decryption. This makes the use of such schemes in resource-constrained devices, such as Radio Frequency Identification Devices, Wireless Sensor Network nodes, Internet of Things nodes, infeasible. Motivated with the goal to reduce the computational cost, in this paper, we propose a Revocable Online/Offline KASE (R-OO-KASE) scheme, based on the idea of splitting the encryption/decryption operations into two distinct phases: online and offline. The offline phase computes the majority of costly operations when the device is on an electrical power source. The online phase generates final output with the minimal computational cost when the message (or ciphertext) and keywords become known. In addition, the proposed scheme R-OO-KASE also offers multi-keyword search capability and allows the data owners to revoke the delegated rights at any point in time, the two features are not supported in the existing schemes. The security analysis and empirical evaluations show that the proposed scheme is efficient to use in resource-constrained devices and provably secure as compared to the existing KASE schemes.
A Blockchain-based Decentralized Electronic Marketplace for Computing Resources
Authors: Nardini Matteo , Helmer Sven , El Ioini Nabil , Pahl Claus 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe propose a framework for building a decentralized electronic marketplace for computing resources. The idea is that anyone with spare capacities can offer them on this marketplace, opening up the cloud computing market to smaller players, thus creating a more competitive environment compared to today’s market consisting of a few large providers. Trust is a crucial component in making an anonymized decentralized marketplace a reality. We develop protocols that enable participants to interact with each other in a fair way and show how these protocols can be implemented using smart contracts and blockchains. We discuss and evaluate our framework not only from a technical point of view, but also look at the wider context in terms of fair interactions and legal implications.
Social media use predicts later sleep timing and greater sleep variability: An ecological momentary assessment study of youth at high and low familial risk for depression
Authors: Hamilton Jessica L. , Chand Shannon , Reinhardt Lauren , Ladouceur Cecile D. , Silk Jennifer S. , Moreno Megan , Franzen Peter L. , Bylsma Lauren M. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionSocial media (SM) use has been increasingly recognized as a potential contributor to poor sleep. Few studies have examined SM use and sleep using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), compared different types of media use (SM, television, gaming), or examined whether youth at high and low familial risk for depression are differentially affected by SM use.MethodsThe current study included 76 youth (46% female; Mean age = 11.28 years) who were recruited based on parental history of recurrent depression (N = 35 high risk; N = 41 low risk) in the United States. Youth completed a 9‐day EMA protocol, which included current activity at time of prompt and daily sleep onset and offset times. Regression and multilevel models were conducted to examine the effects of media use on sleep.ResultsResults indicated that youth who used more SM (mean and number of days) went to sleep later, but did not have shorter sleep duration. Youth with more SM use also had higher levels of variability of both sleep timing and sleep duration across the 9‐day period. There were no effects of gaming or TV on sleep, and youth at high risk for depression did not have differences in SM use or its effects on sleep compared to low‐risk youth.ConclusionsThese findings indicate a unique impact of SM use on sleep timing and variability for youth (regardless of risk status), which may suggest a unique and modifiable pathway through which SM use contributes to poor health.
Vulvodynia Viewed From a Disease Prevention Framework: Insights From Patient Perspectives
Authors: Webber Valerie , Miller Michelle E. , Gustafson Diana L. , Bajzak Krisztina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Persons with vulvodynia (a chronic vulvar pain condition) suffer many barriers to diagnosis and treatment, several of which may be exacerbated by the sociocultural and geographical context in which they live.

Aim
We drew on the experiences of patients with vulvodynia who were living in small urban and rural communities to learn what they perceived as the major barriers to diagnosis and treatment as well as to probe for possible solutions.

Methods
For this qualitative case study, we conducted 3 focus groups with a total of 10 participants, drawn from patients seen at our academic tertiary referral center, with a goal of understanding their lived experience with vulvodynia.

Main Outcome Measures
The patient dialogue was coded into themes and temporally grouped to illustrate struggles and victories in diagnosis and treatment.

Results
Participants confirmed that healthcare provider knowledge and attitudes as well as system challenges (specialist and allied healthcare provider availability) are major barriers to timely diagnosis. Of novel interest are other factors that exacerbate distress and delay diagnosis such as patients’ inadequate knowledge of sexual functioning and sociocultural messages regarding “normal” sexual activity. Our work suggests that a disease prevention framework that includes comprehensive sexual education before or at the onset of sexual activity may be of benefit in reducing the burden of vulvodynia when added to strategies to increase healthcare provider knowledge and improve access to effective treatments.

Conclusion
While healthcare provider knowledge and attitudes are often at the forefront of barriers to diagnosis, our study suggests that to minimize patient distress and expedite diagnosis, resources must also be directed to promoting comprehensive sexual health education.