bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tools to Ensure the Affordability of Food in the Context of New Challenges
Authors: Reshetnikova E. G. 
Published: April 2020

The presented study examines the essence, specific features of calculation, and trends in the dynamics of food affordability, as well as the development of tools to increase real disposable household income as a crucial factor for the formation of domestic demand for food under modern conditions.Aim. The study aims to systematize theoretical approaches and analyze the institutional aspects of ensuring the affordability of food to substantiate promising directions for improving the national income and tax policy that would facilitate an increase in the aggregate demand for food.Tasks.The author examines the adjustment of the essence of the concept of “affordability” of food in the new edition of the Food Security Doctrine as a reflection of new global challenges and internal risks; assesses the current state of affordability of staple foods among the population in general and in the context of specific income groups, the dynamics of real disposable household income, and changes in the structure of effective demand; substantiates recommendations for the development of the institutional component of real income regulation and taxation of individuals.Methods.This study uses comparison, systems analysis, systematization of information, and the monographic method.Results.The ratio of actual consumption of staple foods, rational consumption rates for Russian households in general and in the context of specific income groups are analyzed. Food products that are currently not affordable are identified. Structural changes in the consumer demand of low-income groups are determined. The parameters of inter-industry, intra-industry, and regional wage differentiation that have a negative impact on the quality of life and affordability of food are analyzed. The conducted study shows that there is currently a high tax burden on individuals in Russia, composed of direct and indirect taxes.Conclusions.The author substantiates the advisability of including a decrease in real household income and the ensuing insufficiently high aggregate domestic demand for food in the list of economic risks provided by the Food Security Doctrine; shows that adhering to the monetarist model of economic development leads to a low inflation rate but does not create conditions for accelerated economic growth and exacerbates the problems of poverty and socio-economic differentiation; proves that under modern conditions it is advisable to improve the national income policy by increasing the real disposable income of the most deprived part of the population and developing small forms of agribusiness and food trade to expand the competitive environment of the food market. The author emphasizes the importance of improving the institutional aspects of regulating various types of wage differentiation and concludes that there are objective prerequisites for the transition to progressive taxation and introduction of a non-taxable part of income at a subsistence level for the most deprived segments of the population.
Project Implementation in the Context of Digital Technologies: Federal and Regional Aspects
Authors: Ushakova E. V. , Voronina E. V. , Fugalevich E. V. , Mikhaylova M. V. 
Published: April 2020

In 2017, the digital revolution reached a new global milestone: every second inhabitant of our planet was connected to the Internet. The Digital Economy Program approved by the Government of the Russian Federation in July 2017 aims to address ambitious tasks dictated by new requirements to the public administration system and the organization and structure of the state apparatus of the Russian Federation. The mission of implementing digital technologies in public administration should involve improving the quality of the latter, primarily the quality of public services and management of the implementation of national projects (programs) aimed at ensuring Russia’s economic growth.Aim. The presented study aims to determine priority areas and directions of public administration in the context of the implementation of digital technologies at the federal and regional levels.Tasks. The authors rank the constituent entities and federal districts of the Russian Federation by the extent to which the potential of digital technologies is realized in all aspects of national economic activity and identify the leading constituent entities and federal districts of the Russian Federation in terms of the implementation of digital technologies in public administration.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition and the scientific sociological quantitative method for ranking the constituent entities and federal districts of the Russian Federation in terms of the implementation of digital technologies in public administration.Results. The authors conclude that regulatory and legal acts need to be specified at the federal level in matters of project implementation in the context of digital technologies. With respect to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the study identifies factors that affect the uneven development of digitalization, particularly the under-qualified staff, lack of project funding in regions, digital divide, and problems of creating a new regulatory environment.Conclusions. The development of digital technologies requires close cooperation between public bodies across all levels of the executive branch. It should be noted that the methodology of forming a digital government itself facilitates the establishment of the necessary conditions for addressing national economic challenges, including those associated with strategic planning based on unified digital information platforms. This aspect is crucial for the development of the Russian economy. Thus, digitalization should lay the groundwork for the further implementation of results-based management by the government.
Cost Engineering as a Factor in Ensuring the Competitiveness of Enterprises
Authors: Leont’ev M. Yu. , Sintsova E. A. 
Published: April 2020

The presented study examines the effects of financial and economic factors on the competitiveness of enterprises, with a particular focus on the impact of the price factor. It analyzes the major parameters of cost engineering as a type of consulting services and assesses the practicability of its implementation in the activity of enterprises to create additional competitive advantages.Aim. The study aims to determine the effects of cost engineering on the competitiveness of economic entities and its correlation with competitiveness factors.Tasks. The authors define cost engineering and the specific features of this type of consulting services, determine the impact of the price factor on the competitiveness of enterprises, and substantiate the potential for using cost engineering in the implementation of projects as a way of enhancing competitiveness.Methods. This study is based on the systems approach as well as logical, comparative, factorial, and structural analysis using the theoretical framework of analysis of economic processes.Results. The study proposes using cost engineering as a fundamental link in the integration of planning, funding, and pricing processes at the enterprise level. The practicability of using this particular type of consulting services is further substantiated by the direct correlation between cost engineering and competitiveness factors.Conclusions. Application of cost engineering at the modern stage of development of the national economy can have a positive effect on the competitiveness of economic entities, while also creating and developing their additional competitive advantages.
Research the Mutual Influence of Indicators in Innovation Planning at Enterprises
Authors: Kuz’min M. S. 
Published: April 2020

The author analyzes the innovation development programs of 11 Russian companies with state participation and state corporations and compares the achieved results with innovation development plans. The results of the analysis show that the existing relationships between the performance indicators of the companies’ innovation activity for 2014–2016 are not considered or reflected in the programs of innovation development until 2020. This study indicates the causes of the current situation and proposes directions for improving the efficiency of innovation development planning.Aim. The study aims to examine the mutual influence of indicators in innovation planning at enterprises.Tasks. The author analyzes the existing innovation development programs of large state-owned companies and the correlation between the performance indicators of innovation activity, assesses the actual results of the implementation of innovation development programs for 2014–2016 and the validity of the planned indicators of innovation development until 2020.Methods. This study uses the methods of systems and correlation-regression analysis.Results. The analysis shows that the actual relationships between the performance indicators of the companies’ innovation activity for 2014–2016 are not considered or reflected in the programs of innovation development until 2020. This study indicates the causes of the current situation and proposes directions for improving the efficiency of innovation development planning. A matrix for determining problem situations in innovation development planning is developed.Conclusions. The actual relationships between the indicators that characterize many aspects of innovation development at various stages of the innovation life cycle are not fully considered in the planning of innovation development. The conducted study confirms a formal approach to estimating the target values of the examined indicators, which disregards the actual relationships between them. The outcome of this can be seen in the programs of innovation development until 2020 developed by corporations. It is possible to make allowance for the actual relationships in the planning of the target values of innovation development indicators by using the methods and tools of dynamic modeling.
Sustainable Innovation Funding as a Tool for Developing the Economic System
Authors: Priyma K. A. 
Published: April 2020

The presented study examines the problems of public and private funding in the innovation domain of the national economic system. Based on the analysis of foreign experience, the authors propose creating federal and regional innovation funds within the Russian economic system driven by publicprivate partnership.Aim. The study aims to substantiate potential directions for the program of public-private funding of the national innovation system.Tasks. The authors examine the existing mechanism of innovation funding from the perspective of development of the national economic system; analyze the foreign experience of public funding of innovation-driven development of the economic system; examine approaches to solving the problem of public innovation funding in Russia; substantiate the implementation of innovation funds based on the principles of public-private partnership into the national economic system.Methods. This study uses the methods of institutional and structural analysis and the systems approach to formulate proposals and substantiate the implementation of innovation funds into the national innovation policy.Results. Based on the analysis of the funding mechanism of the national innovation policy within the national economic system, and considering the experience of the world’s developed innovation-driven economies, the authors substantiate the implementation of innovation funds based on the principles of public-private partnership and aimed primarily at providing financial support for the corporate sector of the national economic system in the field of innovative technologies.Conclusions. With a view to create an efficient funding model for the innovative development of the national economic system in Russia, the study substantiates the need to establish a system of federal and regional innovation funds based on public-private partnership. Their functions would include accumulation of funds and their allocation among individual innovation projects with clearly defined results. The activity of the established federal innovation fund can be differentiated to cover the most important directions and critical technologies, thus improving Russia’s position in the global competition. The purpose of regional funds is to ensure technological development that would enhance the competitiveness of regions at the national level (with allowance for regional specialization and development of mass innovative entrepreneurship). Combined with the use of such market tools as providing financial guarantees on investments in innovation, this will ensure positive dynamics of innovative development of the national economic system as a whole.
Nilai-nilai Desain Dalam Praktik dan Berpikir Desainer: Filosofi "Jalan Kayu" Barata Sena
Authors: Utomo Tri Noviyanto P , Kusumarini Yusita 
Published: April 2020

<p>Dalam paradigma baru tentang peran dan tanggungjawab desainer<strong> </strong>menyatakan bahwa<strong> </strong>tidaklah cukup bagi desainer hanya membuat gambar dan<strong> </strong>memproduksi karya desain saja. Desainer juga perlu memproduksi, membangun serta menciptakan nilai-nilai desain di dalam setiap karya yang diciptakannya. Bagaimana membangun tanggungjawab dan memproduksi nilai-nilai desain secara kongkrit bagi desainer saat ini menjadi topik bahasan yang penting untuk dielaborasi lebih lanjut. Melalui studi kasus yang dilakukan terhadap salah satu desainer produk interior/furnitur yang cukup unik di kota Solo, penelitian ini akan menggambarkan dan menganalisa secara deskriptif bagaimana seorang Barata Sena dengan kerangka berpikir filosofisnya yang dikenal sebagai “Jalan Kayu” membangun serta memproduksi nilai-nilai desain melalui perancangan produk <em>Art Furniture. </em>Nilai-nilai desain yang tertanam dari filosofi “Jalan Kayu” yaitu “menerima, memberi dan melepaskan” ternyata sejalan dengan pemikiran Papanek tentang nilai sosial dan moral desainer dalam praktik-praktik perancangan yang menekankan fungsi produk dan tanggungjawab desainer terhadap kesejahteraan dan kemanusiaan. Nilai-nilai desain ini juga beririsan serta bermuara pada konsep besar dari <em>Triple Botton Line of Design</em> (<em>Planet, People, Profit</em>) sebagai tujuan besar <em>sustainable development</em> global.</p>
A mudança em terapia familiar: construindo agenciamento
Authors: Biagi Berenice Araújo Dantas de , Rasera Emerson Fernando 
Published: April 2020

Este artigo visa compreender o processo de produção de sentidos sobre a mudança em terapia familiar sob a perspectiva construcionista social. A análise do processo terapêutico de uma família apontou que a construção conversacional da mudança terapêutica foi marcada pelo deslocamento do discurso inicial do problema de saúde da mãe, oriundo do trabalho, para o discurso do agenciamento com o cuidado da vida. Tal construção foi analisada em relação a três aspectos centrais: (a) a desconstrução do sentido do trabalho; (b) a redefinição da relação mãe-filha; (c) a reconstrução da vida. A análise permitiu ainda compreender um importante processo subjacente, o agenciamento como forma de promover a mudança terapêutica em terapia familiar. Concluímos que a postura aberta, ativa e engajada da terapeuta com o fluxo da conversa favoreceu a emergência desses sentidos de mudança.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.21452/2594-43632018v27n60a01
Modelo bioecológico do desenvolvimento humano na intervenção psicossocial com adolescentes em conflito com a lei
Authors: Santos Mariane Comelli dos , Böing Elisangela 
Published: April 2020

Em relação ao trabalho com adolescentes em conflito com a lei no Brasil, têm-se as medidas socioeducativas como estratégias para a sua responsabilização e proteção social. Por se constituírem como um campo de atuação para psicólogos, o presente estudo objetivou articular conceitos e elementos teóricos do Modelo Bioecológico do Desenvolvimento Humano (MBDH) às demandas de intervenção do psicólogo e sua equipe no Serviço de Proteção Social a Adolescentes em Cumprimento de Medida Socioeducativa de Liberdade Assistida (LA) e de Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade (PSC), visando ao desenvolvimento de reflexões teórico-práticas que contribuam com a assistência. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando o método documental e articulação teórico-prática, baseada no MBDH. Os resultados apontam que o MBDH contribui com a compreensão do desenvolvimento dos adolescentes em conflito com a lei, bem como na reflexão sobre as práticas profissionais, em especial, do psicólogo, no contexto das medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.21452/2594-43632018v27n61a06
High-resolution Optical Spectroscopic Observations of Comet 21P/Giacobini–Zinner in Its 2018 Apparition
Authors: Shinnaka Yoshiharu , Kawakita Hideyo , Tajitsu Akito 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Comet 21P/Giacobini–Zinner is a peculiar comet from the viewpoints of the chemical and physical properties of its dust grains. We conduct optical high-resolution spectroscopic observations of the comet. The intensity ratios of forbidden oxygen lines (at 557.7, 630.0, and 636.4 nm) and ortho-to-para abundance ratios (OPRs) of water cations (H2O+) and amidogen radicals (NH2) are obtained while only the upper limit for 14N/15N in the amidogen radical is restricted. The OPRs of H2O+ and NH2 are similar to those of other comets, although the real meaning of these OPRs is still debated. Based on the observation of the forbidden emission lines of oxygen atoms, it can be concluded that the comet is depleted in CO2. In consideration with the depletion in other highly volatile species found in the near-infrared region and the presence of complex organics in comet 21P/Giacobini–Zinner, this comet might form in a warmer region in the solar nebula compared with other comets.
Improving the Lomb–Scargle Periodogram with the Thomson Multitaper
Authors: Springford Aaron , Eadie Gwendolyn M. , Thomson David J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A common approach for characterizing the properties of time-series data that are evenly sampled in time is to estimate the power spectrum of the data using the periodogram. The periodogram as an estimator of the spectrum is (1) statistically inconsistent (i.e., its variance does not go to zero as infinite data are collected), (2) biased for finite samples, and (3) suffers from spectral leakage. In astronomy, time-series data are often unevenly sampled in time, and it is popular to use the Lomb–Scargle (LS) periodogram to estimate the spectrum. Unfortunately, from a statistical standpoint, the LS periodogram suffers from the same issues as the classical periodogram and has even worse spectral leakage. Here, we present an improvement on the LS periodogram by combining it with the Thomson multitaper approach. The multitaper spectral estimator is well established in the statistics and engineering literature for evenly sampled time series. It is attractive because it directly trades off bias and variance for frequency resolution, and is fast to compute: compared to an untapered spectral estimator, the multitaper adds no more than a couple of seconds for a time series with a million data points on a current desktop computer. Here, we describe an estimator that combines the multitaper with the LS periodogram. We show examples in which this new approach has improved properties compared to traditional approaches in the case of unevenly sampled time series. Finally, we demonstrate an application of the method to astronomy with an application to Kepler data.
Mars Upper Atmospheric Temperature and Atomic Oxygen Density Derived from the O i 130.4 nm Emission Observed by NASA’s MAVEN Mission
Authors: Qin Jianqi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The abundance of atomic oxygen is a major unknown for the Mars upper atmosphere, and systematic measurements of this key species is a primary objective of NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission. Moreover, the Martian dayside temperature structure and its variability has been a subject of considerable debate in the past. In this study, an inversion analysis of the periapsis limb scans of the O i 130.4 nm emission observed by MAVEN is performed to quantify the neutral temperature and atomic oxygen abundance in the Mars upper atmosphere. Our analysis yields unprecedented resolution of the spatial variation of Mars atomic oxygen, showing that its exobase density decreases with the solar zenith angle (SZA) from ∼0° to 60° by about an order of magnitude, from ∼108 to ∼107 cm−3 near perihelion (2015 April) and from ∼107 to ∼106 cm−3 near aphelion (2017 November). For a given SZA the exobase densities near perihelion are about an order of magnitude higher than those near aphelion. The [O]/[CO2] mixing ratio at 130 km altitude can vary from ∼0.1% to 4.6%, which also decreases with increasing SZA. Moreover, it is shown that the Mars exobase temperature does not vary significantly with SZA from ∼0° to ∼60°, which is estimated to be ∼239.2 ± 27.6 K near perihelion and ∼162.4 ± 19.9 K near aphelion, with a difference of 76.8 K between these two seasonal extremes.
Molecular Clumps Disguising Their Star Formation Efficiency per Free-fall Time: What We Can Do Not to Be Fooled
Authors: Parmentier Geneviève 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The presence of a volume-density gradient in molecular clumps allows them to raise their star formation rate compared with what they would experience if their gas were uniform in density. This higher value for the star formation rate yields in turn a higher star formation efficiency per free-fall time that we measure. The measured star formation efficiency per free-fall time,

, of clumps is therefore plagued by a degeneracy, as two factors contribute to it: one is the density gradient of the clump gas, the other is the intrinsic star formation efficiency per free-fall time,

, with which the clump would form stars should there be no gas-density gradient. This paper presents a method allowing one to recover the intrinsic efficiency of a centrally concentrated clump. It hinges on the relation between the surface densities in stars and gas measured locally from clump center to clump edge. Knowledge of the initial density profile of the clump gas is not required. A step-by-step description of the method is provided as a tool in hand for observers. Once

has been estimated, it can be compared with its measured, clump-averaged, counterpart,

, to quantify the impact that the initial gas-density profile of a clump has had on its star formation history.
The Galactic Center Black Hole, Sgr A*, as a Probe of New Gravitational Physics with the Scalaron Fifth Force
Authors: Kalita Sanjeev 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Galactic Center black hole (Sgr A*) provides an ideal laboratory for astronomical tests of new gravitational physics. This work reports that curvature correction (f(R)) to quantum vacuum fluctuations naturally yields a Yukawa-type scalar fifth force with potential

, where M

ψ
is the mass of the f(R) scalarons. Estimating the UV and IR cutoff scales of vacuum fluctuations, the Yukawa coupling strength is connected to the scalaron field amplitude. Whereas recently constrained Yukawa coupling and range correspond to light scalarons with M

ψ
= (1.37 × 10−21–5.49 × 10−20) eV, vacuum fluctuations yield a massive scalaron with M

ψ
= 10−16 eV. Scalaron-induced periastron shift of stellar orbits near Sgr A* has been studied with respect to the semimajor axis in the range a = 10–1000 au. It is found that the scalarons resulting from quantum fluctuations affect the precession of orbits with a = 128–256 R

s
. The possibility of future constraints on massive scalarons in observations near Sgr A* is discussed. This is a new and independent effort to express a prototype quantum gravity effect in terms of astronomically accessible quantities.