bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dexamethasone-loaded fibroin nanoparticles promote retinal reattachment in rats by regulating the Th17/Treg balance
Authors: Han Linfeng , Li Xiaomeng , Ke Genjie , Dong Kai , Wang Guoping , Sheng Yonghong , Tao Liming 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Retinal detachment (RD) is a common acute blinding eye disease, and dexamethasone (DEX), an adrenocorticosteroid, shows protective effects against RD. However, its poor water solubility and low bioavailability limit its effectiveness. To address this, we developed SF@DEX nanomaterials and investigated their therapeutic potential and mechanisms in RD. The nanomaterials were successfully synthesized and characterized, achieving 90% encapsulation efficiency and releasing 60% of DEX within 12 h. In vitro, phagocytosis was measured by flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay determined interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels. A rat RD model was established surgically, followed by oral administration of silk fibroin (SF), SF@DEX, and DEX. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assessed IL-17A and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) expression, while Western blot analysed transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), IL-10, IL-17A, and FOXP3 levels. Apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells was evaluated using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and confocal microscopy detected colocalization of IL-17A and FOXP3. SF@DEX treatment significantly reduced Th17 cells and IL-17A while increasing Tregs, FOXP3, TGF-β1, and IL-10 levels. The severity of RD in rats was notably alleviated by SF@DEX, demonstrating its anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of the Th17/Treg immune balance. These results highlight SF@DEX as a promising nano-based therapy for RD.
Breather and rogue-wave solutions of the semi-discrete and continuous nonlinear Schrödinger equations on theta-function backgrounds
Authors: Li Ruomeng , Geng Jingru , Geng Xianguo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A new method to construct localized-wave solutions of the semi-discrete and continuous nonlinear Schrödinger (sd-NLS) equations on theta-function backgrounds simultaneously is developed. (1) The semi-discrete NLS equation is rewritten as the difference-quotient NLS equation so that the continuum limits are easy to calculate. (2) By rewriting the difference-quotient equation in the form of Hiorta bilinear equations, a theta-function seed solution for the difference-quotient NLS equation is derived, in which the theta-function is so general that both

dn

- and

cn

-type seed solutions are its special reductions. (3) Using the Baker–Akhiezer functions on algebraic curves, a systematic method for solving continuous and semi-discrete spectral problems with theta-function potentials is given, from which rogue-wave and breather solutions of the sd-NLS equation on theta-function backgrounds are constructed with the aid of the derived Darboux transformations. (4) By investigating the exact solutions of the difference-quotient NLS equation, it is found that the sd-NLS equation has extremely high rogue waves (

>
600

times of the background wave), which is not observed in the NLS equation. This method has universality and can be applied to other semi-discrete integrable equations.
Reply to Comments on ‘Modeling for predicting survival fraction of cells after ultra-high dose rate irradiation’
Authors: Shiraishi Yuta , Matsuya Yusuke , Fukunaga Hisanori 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Liew and Mairani (2024 Phys. Med. Biol. 69 248001) commented on our previous reply to comments on our paper, ‘Modeling for predicting survival fraction of cells after ultra-high dose rate irradiation’. We appreciate their comments on the choice of experimental data on DNA damage for cell survival and agree that the estimate of the dose-response curve on cell survival depends on the selection of DNA damage data. As an additional benchmark test, we compared the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) predicted using the recommended DNA damage data measured in normoxia with those reported in our original paper, and confirmed that the difference in RBE was less than 8%. Although our model allows for the estimation of cell survival and RBE under ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) irradiation, we highlight that a further accumulation of experimental data on DNA damage under UHDR irradiation is necessary for the further development of biophysical models concerning the mechanistical estimation of biological effects.
The role of effective dose in medicine now and into the future
Authors: Martin Colin J , Abuhaimed Abdullah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Effective dose was created as a radiological protection dose quantity linked to risk to enable planning of radiological protection for the control of exposure. Its application and usage has evolved from occupational and public exposure during work with radiation sources to medicine and applications in patient dosimetry. Effective dose is the sum of doses to organs and tissues within the body weighted according to their sensitivity to radiation for induction of stochastic effects determined from epidemiological studies of exposed populations. It is based on radiation risks averaged over the population and formulated using reference phantoms. Effective dose has been adopted by the medical community for application to patients and has been instrumental in raising awareness of doses from medical imaging. However, although effective dose can be used for comparison of doses from different medical procedures, it is not designed for application to individual patients. The reasons being that organ doses vary with the stature of the patient and the radiation risks depend on the age and sex of the patient. Moves to more personalised medicine have created a desire for a more individualised approach to patient dosimetry, although support for this progression is not universal. This paper traces the evolution of effective dose and its applications. It reflects on how well effective dose provides a measure of risk for individual patients and examines ways in which a more personalised approach might be developed with reference to computed tomography. It considers differences in dose relating to the sizes of patients and looks at variations in risks of cancer incidence within a population with an age distribution typical of patients and examines how this relates to the risk profile. Possible options for improving the individualisation of dosimetry are discussed.
Low dose contrast enhancement of biodegradable low-density stents by an approach balancing radiopaque coatings and beam filtration
Authors: Ravanbakhsh Samira , Zekraoui Souheib , Lescot Theophraste , Bazalova-Carter Magdalena , Mantovani Diego , Fortin Marc-André 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective. Biodegradable cardiovascular stents made of thin, low atomic number metals (e.g. Zn, Mg, Fe) are now approved for clinical use. However, poor contrast under x-ray imaging leads to longer surgical times, high patient exposure, and sometimes stent misplacement. This study aimed at enhancing the visibility of low-Z metal stents under x-ray imaging, by combining high-Z metal coatings and beam filtration. Approach. Photon energy spectra from W-anode x-ray beams operated at 80 and 120 kVp, were generated by the SpekCalc and BEAMnrc softwares. The contrast produced by Fe stent struts (50–10 μm W coatings), as well as dose and air kerma values (by BEAMnrc), were simulated. Several types of beam hardening filters (Sn: 0.1, 0.2 mm; Cu: 0.2, 0.7 mm) were also applied. Then, Fe foils (50 µm) with W coatings (2–3 µm-thick) were fabricated by magnetosputtering. These samples were x-ray visualized, for quantification of contrast between W-coated and uncoated Fe samples. Fe struts (50 µm) were also coated with W (3.8 ± 0.2 µm), and stent-like objects were x-ray visualized. Main results. Fe samples attenuate 6.4% (120 kVp) and 10.1% (80 kVp) spectra photons, and 25% and 34.5% for W-coated Fe samples (SpekCalc). BEAMnrc calculations revealed the highest contrast improvement in a 120 kVp beam (36.4%, and 38.5%) for W-coated and uncoated Fe samples with Sn (0.2 mm), and Cu + Sn (0.2 + 0.2 mm) filters. Experimentally, the highest contrasts between Fe and W–Fe foils, were obtained with 0.2 mm Sn (77 ± 7% contrast increase at 80 kV). The dose was also strongly reduced (70% and 75%, for 80 and 120 kVp beams). Finally, for 3D Fe stents visualized at 80 kVp, the highest CNR and CNRD values were achieved with 0.1 mm Sn (18.5 × and 20.1 mGy−1; compared to 15.0 × and 12.0 mGy−1 in no-filter condition). Significance. The contrast of Fe-based stents in x-ray imaging is improved by addition of a thin layer of W and beam filtration with Sn. The precision and rapidity of biodegradable stents implantation would be improved thereby, as well as the dose to patients.
Diocotron modes in pure electron plasmas in the APEX levitating dipole trap
Authors: Deller A , Bayer V C , Steinbrunner P , Card A , Danielson J R , Stoneking M R , Stenson E V 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Observations of persistent toroidal modes in dipole-trapped pure electron plasmas are presented. Non-neutral electron plasmas were confined by the poloidal magnetic field of the APEX (A Positron Electron eXperiment) levitating dipole trap. The negative bias of the electron emitter was gated to control the filling time. Large amplitude, narrow-band oscillations were consistently observed in wall probe measurements after the fill. The oscillatory image-charge currents induced by the trapped electron plasma typically persisted for many seconds with fundamental frequencies, f
0 = 50 to 500 kHz, that scale with the

E
→

×

B
→

drift velocity. We attribute this feature to the dipole-equivalent of the diocotron mode that is commonly observed in non-neutral plasmas in linear traps.
Assessment of the JET ICRH system performance since 2000
Authors: Monakhov I , Jacquet P , Dumortier P , Durodié F , Lerche E , Lobel R , Mayoral M-L , Noble C , Roberts J , Sheikh H 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The paper provides an assessment of the ion-cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) system performance on JET since the year 2000. The vast amount of collected data offer an insight into the historical challenges and trends in the ICRH system performance encompassing the transition from carbon (JET-C) to beryllium & tungsten ITER-like wall (JET-ILW) operations, the deuterium–tritium experiments (DTE2 & DTE3) and introduction of new RF antenna & matching systems. The best achieved operational parameters are reported and statistics on the RF plant reliability and performance is analysed. Antenna-plasma coupling is identified as the dominant factor critical to all the aspects of the ICRH system behaviour; parametric dependencies of coupling resistance on plasma parameters and the RF plant settings are discussed and the key role of local electron concentration profiles close to the antennas is highlighted. Following confident antenna performance at high RF voltages over the recent decade, observations are presented suggesting improved electrical strength of the RF vacuum components after the JET-C to JET-ILW transition; this is tentatively attributed to the reduction of dust levels in the JET vessel. Statistics on application rate and typical origins of the RF amplifier failures and protection power limits is presented indicating that the amplifier issues noticeably affected the high-power ICRH operations. Performance comparison is provided for different RF antenna & matching systems installed at JET since 2000 including the original system, two load-tolerant systems based on the 3 dB hybrid and external conjugate-T power-splitters, and the ITER-like antenna. The paper could be of interest both as a summary of technical challenges, constraints and achievements related to the ICRH application on JET and as a reference for design and operations of high-power RF systems in future fusion devices.
Investigating the impact of intermediate-mode perturbations on diagnosing plasma conditions in DT cryogenic implosions via synthetic x-ray Thomson scattering
Authors: Poole H , Cao D , Epstein R , Golovkin I , Goncharov V N , Hu S X , Kasim M , Vinko S M , Walton T , Regan S P , Gregori G 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The pursuit of inertial confinement fusion ignition target designs requires precise experimental validation of the conditions within imploding capsules, in particular the density and temperature of the compressed shell. Previous work has identified x-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) as a viable diagnostic tool for inferring the in-flight compressed deuterium-tritium shell conditions during capsule implosions (Poole et al 2022 Phys. Plasmas
29 072703). However, this study focused on one-dimensional simulations, which do not account for the growth of hydrodynamic instabilities. In this work, two-dimensional DRACO simulations incorporating intermediate-mode perturbations up to Legendre mode

ℓ
=
50

were used to generate synthetic XRTS spectra with the SPECT3D code. The analysis employed Markov-Chain Monte Carlo techniques to infer plasma conditions from these spectra. The results demonstrate that the XRTS diagnostic platform can effectively discern the in-flight compressed shell conditions for targets with varying adiabats, even in the presence of intermediate-mode perturbations. This work underscores the potential of XRTS for realistic inertial confinement fusion experiments, providing a robust method for probing the complex dynamics of fusion implosions.
A weighted matching scheme of magnetic coil design for FRC shaping control
Authors: Qu Zitong , Zhu Ping , Chen Zhipeng , Li Haolong , Liu Jiaxing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) separatrix shaping plays a crucial role in the confinement of the field-reversed configuration (FRC), and the magnetic coils serve as an effective means for its control. In this work we develop a weighted matching method to obtain an MHD equilibrium that accurately corresponds to the shape of target separatrix. By iteratively calculating the coil currents, the plasma current, and the equilibrium magnetic flux, the equilibrium separatrix progressively converges towards the desired shape. The coil currents are determined through a matching method, and the NIMEQ code is employed to compute the FRC equilibrium with a rigid rotor model of plasma distribution. This approach enables the adaption of the equilibrium separatrix into any desired shape, thus offering a potential scheme for the design and control of the 2D shaping of FRC plasma.
Operation of a lithium beam diagnostic in tritium and deuterium–tritium experiments at JET
Authors: Brix M , Gomes R , Pereira T , Anda G , Dunai D , Nedzelksi I , Petravich G , Refy D , Riddle K , Scully S , Tal B , Vécsei M , Zoletnik S ,   the JET Operations Team
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A fast neutral lithium beam has been used at JET for more than 30 years to measure profiles of electron density in the pedestal and scrape off layer. The diagnostic was not designed for tritium operation. In this paper, we describe the modifications which were required to allow operation in tritium (T) and deuterium–tritium (D-T) fuelled pulses at JET in 2021 and 2023. Methods to allow remote startup and remote control of the beam were implemented. The vacuum pump and exhaust system had to be made tritium compatible. Radiation vulnerable electronics had to be removed from the torus hall. The observation system relied on regular in vessel mirror exchange. An in-vessel protection shield was installed close to the observation mirror to protect the mirror surface. Operation in T and D-T discharges, maintenance post tritium exposure, commissioning and the calibration of the diagnostic are discussed.
Broad wavenumber turbulence measurement in the same region on EAST
Authors: Sun N , Li Y D , Li P , Chen F , Geng J S , Li Y X , Sun P J , Wang S F , Hu J S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Future burning plasma in magnetic confinement fusion devices necessitates diagnostic for measuring broad wavenumber turbulence. The CO2 laser collective Thomson scattering (CO2-CTS) system on EAST is designed mainly for electron-scale turbulence measurements. In order to extend the capability to detect ion-scale turbulence, the key challenges of light separation and signal detection have been successfully addressed by the construction of the extremely-small-angle CO2-CTS (E-CTS) diagnostic. This paper employs the CO2-CTS in conjunction with the E-CTS, enabling the simultaneous monitoring of turbulence (

0.5
<

k
θ

ρ

s

<
5

) over a broader wavenumber range (k ∼ 5–30 cm−1) within the gradient region (

ρ
∼
0.4
−
0.8

). The application of E-CTS studies the characteristics of multi-scale turbulence, including turbulence correlation and dispersion relations. This advancement will significantly enrich our experimental comprehension of tokamak turbulence.
Electromagnetic interaction between the closed superconducting coil and the moving permanent magnet: the state of the art
Authors: Li Chao , Li Gengyao , Xin Ying , Li Bin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Due to the excellent electrical conductivity, superconducting materials are playing an increasingly important role in high-field applications. Lots of superconducting applications rely on the electromagnetic interaction between the permanent magnet (PM) and superconductors in different forms of tapes, bulks and coils. Recently, an electromagnetic interaction between the closed superconducting coil (SC) and the moving PM has been researched with interest. This electromagnetic interaction can both induce and utilize the current in the closed SC, thus achieving the mutual conversion between mechanical and electromagnetic energy wirelessly. In this review, all recently published works about this electromagnetic interaction have been summarized, from aspects of interaction behaviors, mechanism, numerical models, key influence factors and applications. These studies have laid a solid foundation for the follow-up researches.
Feasibility analysis of partially insulated Nb3Sn EU DEMO toroidal field coil
Authors: Jang W , Giannini L , Bonifetto R , Lee J T , Choi K , Kim G , Yan Y , De Bastiani M , Zappatore A , Hahn S , Muzzi L , Corato V 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The advent of no-insulation (NI) winding technique in high temperature superconducting magnets has marked a milestone, demonstrating enhanced thermal stability and mechanical integrity in various high-field applications. There have been reports on numerical and experimental results of the application of NI-class winding techniques to low temperature superconducting (LTS) magnets, showing improved thermal stability such as significant reduction of training, stable behavior during over-current operations, and even recovery after heater-fired quench as a result of current bypass near a hot spot. Thus, the NI approach might offer potential advantage to large scale LTS fusion magnet such as reduction of peak coil terminal voltage or decrease of the copper fraction within the conductor to achieve a more compact design. However, it is essential to firstly assess the potential risks associated with NI approach to large scale LTS fusion magnet to identify any critical barriers. This paper explores the feasibility of partially insulated Nb3Sn EU DEMO toroidal field (TF) coil over a wide range of contact resistivity through two distinct partial insulation winding schemes: (1) inter-turn NI and (2) inter-layer NI scheme. Our investigation encompasses electromagnetic, structural, and thermal-hydraulic analyses to evaluate current distribution, magnet charging time, stress distribution, and temperature rise within the winding pack during magnet charging. The analysis numerically confirms the existence of a feasible design space for a partially insulated TF coil, which enables stable charging and normal operation of the magnet.
Comment on ‘No circular birefringence exists in a chiral medium: an analysis of single-mode refraction’
Authors: Koufidis S F , Lakhtakia A , McCall M W 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Recent claims by Hu and Li (2023 New J. Phys.
25 023007) that isotropic chiral mediums do not exhibit circular birefringence, asserting that both mutually orthogonal circularly polarized states propagate at the same phase velocity, are refuted. We showcase that the analysis is flawed because it incorrectly interprets the eigenstates supported by reciprocal bi-isotropic mediums.
Numerical solution of generalized time-fractional wave equation based on lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Wu Fangfang , Tong Jia , Qu Shaobo , Wang Yingying 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes an effective lattice Boltzmann method for the generalized time-fractional wave equation in the Caputo sense. The Caputo derivative term is firstly treated through numerical differentiation and the application of the composite integration rule. Subsequently, the generalized time-fractional wave equation is approximated to align with the standard form. By appropriately selecting auxiliary distribution functions, the macroscopic equation is properly recovered using the Chapman-Enskog expansion technique. A series of numerical comparisons show that the proposed method agrees well with the analytical solution, surpassing the accuracy of previous models. The efficiency of the proposed lattice Boltzmann model is thus validated.
iRD-NN: an improved RainDrop-driven Neural Network model for cloud workload prediction
Authors: Miglani Neha , Diwaker Chander 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The rapidly evolving landscape of the cloud computing necessitates development of an accurate workload prediction mechanism to ensure an efficient resource utilization, flexibility and minimal operational cost. However, the unforeseeable workload patterns in terms of sudden spikes in the upcoming requests, redundancy and prolixity in clients’ demands, often impedes the workload prediction accuracy. This paper introduces a novel and improved RainDrop-driven Neural Network (iRD-NN) workload prediction framework leveraging the Raindrop Optimization Algorithm to anticipate workload across successive prediction intervals. The proposed predictive model performs an iterative training on the historical data that further optimizes the workload traces for each prediction interval entailing an efficient balance between exploitation and exploration capabilities to attain quick convergence and enhanced prediction accuracy. The rigorous performance evaluation of proposed strategy has been done by utilizing the two benchmark data traces viz. Bitbrains and Google Cluster Dataset (GCD) over various prediction intervals. The results marked the substantial improvement in the predictive accuracy with iRD-NN outperforming other contemporary approaches, including, SVM, ARIMA, HHO and RNN-LSTM, attaining accuracy gains of 97.91%, 93.99%, 93.09% and 83.64%, respectively. Additionally, the proposed approach delivered a notable reduction in the error rate upto

1.6
×

10

−
2

accentuating its reliability and robustness. The results emphasized the model’s capability in augmenting resource allocation and operational competence in the cloud environment.