bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the luminal structure of human seminal vesicle
Authors: Lee Je‐Sung , Yeo In‐Seung , Lee Hye‐In , Park Jung‐Ah , Koh Ki‐Seok , Song Wu‐Chul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe seminal vesicles are the glands of male reproductive organs that produce the fluid and nutrient constituents of semen. It has been believed for a long time that the lumen of a seminal vesicle was a single‐coiled tubular structure with irregular diverticula. There are several previous reports on the symmetry, differences in morphological sizes and classification of the seminal vesicles. However, a three‐dimensional‐coiled tubular structure is difficult to understand using a classical anatomical methodology, and hence, three‐dimensional reconstruction is needed to understand the structure of the lumen. Thirty‐one seminal vesicles harvested from 21 formalin‐embalmed cadavers were investigated. The seminal vesicle along with the ampulla of the ductus deferens was separated, and the length and width of each seminal vesicle were measured. The vesicles were then embedded in coloured paraffin, and the resulting paraffin block was sectioned transversely and photographed at an interval of 500 μm, with the sectioned surfaces then utilized in three‐dimensional reconstruction performed by ‘Reconstruct’ software. The mean length and width of the seminal vesicles were 39.4 mm and 13.4 mm, respectively, and the right seminal vesicle was a little larger than the one on the left. The size differed from previous reports, while the luminal structure was similar to the classification of Aboul‐azm (Archives of Andrology, 3, 1979, 287–292) but differed from that of Pereira (AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology, 69, 1953, 361–379). The seminal vesicles typically comprised about 9 curls and had about 12 diverticula. The seminal vesicles resembled a skein of coral rather than comprising a single strand. These findings will help in improving the understanding of pathophysiologies of the seminal vesicles, such as recurrent inflammation of the gland.
From neoliberalism to national developmentalism? Contested agrarian imaginaries of a postneoliberal future for food and farming
Authors: Tilzey Mark 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis review examines three recent books that address the relationship between neoliberalism and agribusiness, on the one hand, and the demise of smallholder farming, traditional diets and the rise of diet‐related chronic illness, on the other. The first, by Timothy Wise, adopts what may be characterized as an ‘agrarian populist’ stance, constructing a universal binary between trans‐nationalizing agribusiness and a unified family farm sector. Protagonists from the latter are seen to embody the future, using agroecology to feed the world sustainably in a time of climate crisis. This is not a consistently propeasant stance, however; Wise seems rather to advocate a ‘farmer road’ to national capitalist development. The other two books, by Alyshia Galvez and Gerardo Otero, cover quite similar ground to one another, looking explicitly at the rise of neoliberalism, the decline of traditional farming and diets and the rise of processed food‐related diseases. Unlike ‘agrarian populists’, both authors privilege the state and ‘class struggle’ (sensu lato) in analysing the dynamics of neoliberalism, free trade agreements and food policies. Normatively, both see the state as pivotal in generating policies centred around smaller scale farming and the production of nutritious food for all. For Otero, like Wise, these policies seem to be tied to a form of national developmentalism as an escape route from neoliberalism. For Galvez, the future is less clear‐cut—although by inclination ‘propeasant’, she does not exclude elements of national developmentalism in envisioning a postneoliberal world.
Mechanisms to increase cascade testing in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer: Impact of introducing standardized communication aids into genetic counseling
Authors: Garcia Christine , Sullivan Mackenzie W. , Lothamer Heather , Harrison Kara M. , Chatfield Lindsay , Thomas Martha H. , Modesitt Susan C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimPrecancer identification of women with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) could prevent 20% of these ovarian cancers. The objective was to determine whether standardized Facing Our Risk of Cancer Empowered (FORCE) materials are acceptable, improve knowledge of HBOC and increase disclosure to family members.MethodsA prospective cohort of women with breast or ovarian cancer was identified prior to genetic testing. Subjects completed a baseline knowledge survey and were provided three communication aids. Knowledge, acceptability and communication to family members were reassessed at 6 months and compared to a retrospective cohort who had undergone genetic testing for breast or ovarian cancer prior to the intervention. The primary outcome was increase in HBOC knowledge, requiring 20 pre‐ and postknowledge scores to detect a 10% difference.ResultsForty women were enrolled. The median age at cancer diagnosis was 50 years and 55% had a family history of breast or ovarian cancer. Though subjects found the resources acceptable, knowledge scores did not improve after their use. Disclosure rates were of no different between cohorts (83% preintervention vs 77% postintervention, P = 0.26) though there was an increase in deleterious mutation carriers, 0% (0/6) preintervention vs 100% (22/22) postintervention. Rates of subsequent testing in relatives were low in both preintervention and postintervention cohorts (0% vs 4.5%).ConclusionInclusion of standardized communication tools is acceptable to patients. Knowledge did not improve after their use. In deleterious mutation carriers, disclosure rates increased postintervention.
Semen supports growth of Candida albicans: A putative risk factor for recurrence of vulvovaginal infections?
Authors: Rolo Joana , Caixeirinho Patrícia , Gomes‐Ruivo Patrícia , Gaspar Carlos , Fernandes Isaac , Palmeira‐de‐Oliveira Rita , Martinez‐de‐Oliveira José , Palmeira‐de‐Oliveira Ana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimVulvovaginal candidosis (VVC) is the second most common vaginal infection (20–25%), and about 90% of all VVC cases are caused by Candida albicans. Unprotected sexual intercourse has been implicated as one of the risk factors that lead to an outbreak of VVC. To further investigate the relevance of this particular risk factor, in this study, we aim to evaluate the effect of human semen in the promotion of the growth of C. albicans.MethodsThe disposable amount of 41 samples of semen obtained from infertility patients were included in this study, with informed consent. The spermogram and physical characteristics of the samples were performed at the Unit; this information was provided with the anonymity of the samples. Samples were inoculated with a calibrated suspension of C. albicans ATCC 10231 in culture media. After the incubation time, C. albicans CFU/mL was determined.ResultsWe found that semen allowed the growth of C. albicans (4.30 ± 1.00 CFU/mL), but not as much as the culture medium (9.45 ± 1.90 CFU/mL). Interestingly, we found that the increase in viscosity impaired significantly C. albicans growth. In addition, in what respects to the rate of multiplication of C. albicans in semen, we observed two different trends. However, we found no relation between these and the physical characteristics of the semen samples in which these behaviors were differently observed.ConclusionSemen has the ability to sustain C. albicans growth, but further studies are needed to elucidate its role in VVC.
Concurrent administration with multivalent metal cation preparations or polycationic polymer preparations inhibits the absorption of raltegravir via its chelation
Authors: Enoki Yuki , Suzuki Norihiro , Ito Motoyasu , Uchiyama Eri , Kishi Nagomi , Ito Chihiro , Kitahiro Yuki , Sakamoto Kazuki , Taguchi Kazuaki , Yokoyama Yuta , Kizu Junko , Matsumoto Kazuaki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Raltegravir (RAL) that can form chelates with multivalent metal cations shows lateral interactions with multivalent metal cation and polycationic polymer. We investigated the interactions of RAL with multivalent metal cation preparations, Al(OH)3 and LaCO3, and polycationic polymer preparations, bixalomer (Bxl) and sevelamer (Svl).

Methods
Immediately before the oral administration of 40 mg/kg RAL, the rats were administered orally with the vehicle, Al(OH)3, LaCO3, Bxl, or Svl, and the time course of RAL serum concentration was followed. The in vitro binding affinity of RAL with multivalent metal cation and polycationic polymer was also evaluated using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC).

Results
When Al(OH)3, LaCO3, Bxl, or Svl was concomitantly administered with RAL, the maximum concentration and area under the curve were significantly lower than those when RAL was administered alone. ITC showed the interaction of RAL with Al(OH)3 as an enthalpy-driven reaction and its interactions with LaCO3 and Bxl as entropy–enthalpy mixed reactions.

Conclusions
The interaction of RAL with Al(OH)3, LaCO3, Bxl, or Svl can inhibit RAL absorption into the gastrointestinal tract, and thus, the multivalent metal cation and polycationic polymer are the modifying factors that can affect RAL pharmacokinetics.
Circadian rhythms and obesity: Timekeeping governs lipid metabolism
Authors: Li Yuying , Ma Jie , Yao Kang , Su Wenxuan , Tan Bie , Wu Xin , Huang Xingguo , Li Tiejun , Yin Yulong , Tosini Gianluca , Yin Jie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlmost all living organisms have evolved autoregulatory transcriptional‐translational feedback loops that produce oscillations with a period of approximately 24‐h. These endogenous time keeping mechanisms are called circadian clocks. The main function of these circadian clocks is to drive overt circadian rhythms in the physiology of the organisms to ensure that main physiological functions are in synchrony with the external environment. Disruption of circadian rhythms caused by genetic or environmental factors has long‐term consequences for metabolic health. Of relevance, host circadian rhythmicity and lipid metabolism are increasingly recognized to cross‐regulate and the circadian clock‐lipid metabolism interplay may involve in the development of obesity. Multiple systemic and molecular mechanisms, such as hormones (ie, melatonin, leptin, and glucocorticoid), the gut microbiome, and energy metabolism, link the circadian clock and lipid metabolism, and predictably, the deregulation of circadian clock‐lipid metabolism interplay can increase the risk of obesity, which in turn may exacerbate circadian disorganization. Feeding time and dietary nutrients are two of key environmental Zeitgebers affecting the circadian rhythm‐lipid metabolism interplay, and the influencing mechanisms in obesity development are highlighted in this review. Together, the characterization of the clock machinery in lipid metabolism aimed at producing a healthy circadian lifestyle may improve obesity care.
Clinical pharmacokinetics and outcomes of oral fluconazole therapy in dogs and cats with naturally occurring fungal disease
Authors: KuKanich Kate , KuKanich Butch , Lin Zhoumeng , Rankin Amy J. , Hanzlicek Andrew S. , Palerme Jean‐Sebastien , Bach Jonathan , Cook Audrey K. , Juracek Amy , Joo Hyun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis multi‐institutional study was designed to determine the clinical pharmacokinetics of fluconazole and outcomes in client‐owned dogs (n = 37) and cats (n = 35) with fungal disease. Fluconazole serum concentrations were measured. Pharmacokinetic analysis was limited to animals at steady state (≥72 hr of treatment). The mean (range) body weight in 31 dogs was 25.6 (2.8–58.2) kg and in 31 cats was 3.9 (2.4–6.1) kg included in pharmacokinetic analyses. The dose, average steady‐state serum concentrations (CSS), and oral clearance in dogs were 14.2 (4.5–21.3) mg/kg/d, 26.8 (3.8–61.5) µg/mL, and 0.63 ml min−1 kg−1, respectively, and in cats were 18.6 (8.2–40.0) mg/kg/d, 32.1 (1.9–103.5) µg/mL, and 0.61 ml min−1 kg−1, respectively. Random inter‐animal pharmacokinetic variability was high in both species. Two dogs had near twofold increases in serum fluconazole when generic formulations were changed, suggesting lack of bioequivalence. Median CSS for dogs and cats achieving clinical remission was 19.4 and 35.8 µg/ml, respectively. Starting oral doses of 10 mg/kg q12h in dogs and 50–100 mg total daily dose in cats are recommended to achieve median CSS associated with clinical remission. Due to the large pharmacokinetic variability, individualized dose adjustments based on CSS (therapeutic drug monitoring) and treatment failure should be considered.
Lasting modulation of human cortical swallowing motor pathways following thermal tongue stimulation
Authors: Magara Jin , Watanabe Masahiro , Tsujimura Takanori , Hamdy Shaheen , Inoue Makoto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThermal tactile oropharyngeal stimulation has been clinically used to facilitate swallowing initiation in dysphagic patients. We previously demonstrated that thermal stimulation applied to the oral cavity provokes an immediate excitability in pharyngeal motor cortex. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether thermal stimulation can produce longer lasting effects on the corticopharyngeal neural pathway.MethodsHealthy volunteers (n = 8/12) underwent baseline pharyngeal motor evoked potential (PMEP) measurements evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation. In the first experiment, subjects received thermal stimulation alternating 30 seconds of 15 and 36°C applied to the tongue surface for either 10 minutes, 5 minutes, or sham. In the second experiment, one of three intermittent thermal stimulus patterns was delivered: cold (alternating 30 seconds of 15 and 36°C), warm (continuous 36°C), or hot (alternating 30 seconds of 45 and 36°C) for 10 minutes. In both experiments, PMEP were remeasured every 15 minutes up to 60 minutes following thermal stimulation.Key ResultsRepeated measures ANOVA for each stimulus time in the first experiment showed a significant increased change in PMEP amplitude at 30 minutes following only 10‐minute stimulation compared with sham (P < .05). In the second experiment, we found that cold stimulation was more effective than the other stimulation (P < .05) at increasing PMEP amplitudes.Conclusions and InferencesTen‐minute cold stimulation on the tongue can induce a delayed (30 minutes) increase in pharyngeal cortical excitability, providing a clinically useful therapeutic window for its application in dysphagic patients.
Virtual reality training enhances gait poststroke: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ghai Shashank , Ghai Ishan , Lamontagne Anouk 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVirtual reality (VR)–based interventions are gaining widespread attention for managing neurological disorders such as stroke. A metastatistical consensus regarding the intervention is strongly warranted. In this study, we attempt to address this gap in the literature and provide the current state of evidence for the effects of VR on gait performance. We conducted both between‐ and within‐group meta‐analyses to provide a state of evidence for VR. Moreover, we conducted a search adhering to PRISMA guidelines on nine databases. Out of 1866 records, 32 studies involving a total of 809 individuals were included in this review. Considering all included studies, significant enhancements in gait parameters were observed with VR‐based interventions compared with conventional therapy. A between‐group meta‐analysis reported beneficial significant medium effects of VR training on cadence (Hedge's g = 0.55), stride length ((STrL; Hedge's g = 0.46), and gait speed (Hedge's g = 0.30). Similarly, a within‐group meta‐analysis further revealed positive medium effects of VR on cadence (Hedge's g = 0.76), STrL (Hedge's g = 0.61), and gait speed (Hedge's g = 0.69). Additional subgroup analyses revealed beneficial effects of joint application of VR and robot‐assisted gait training on gait speed (Hedge's g = 0.50). Collectively, findings from this review provide evidence for the effectiveness of VR‐based gait training for stroke survivors.
Magnitude and duration of excess of post‐exercise oxygen consumption between high‐intensity interval and moderate‐intensity continuous exercise: A systematic review
Authors: Panissa Valéria L. G. , Fukuda David H. , Staibano Victor , Marques Marcelo , Franchini Emerson 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe present systematic review examined the effect of exercise intensity (high‐intensity interval exercise [HIIE] vs. moderate‐intensity continuous exercise [MICE] vs. sprint interval exercise [SIE]) on excess post‐exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). Twenty‐two studies were included in the final evaluation. The retrieved investigations were split into studies that analysed short‐duration (until 3 h) and long‐duration (more than 3 h) EPOC. Studies that subtracted the baseline energy expenditure (EE) were analysed separately from those that did not. Most short‐duration evaluations that subtracted baseline EE reported higher EPOC for HIIE (average of ~136 kJ) compared with MICE (average of ~101 kJ) and higher values for SIE (average of ~241 kJ) compared with MICE (average of ~151 kJ). The long‐duration evaluations resulted in greater EPOC for HIIE (average of ~289 kJ) compared with MICE (average of ~159 kJ), while no studies comparing SIE versus MICE provided appropriate values. EE from EPOC seems to be greater following HIIE and SIE compared with MICE, and long‐duration evaluations seem to present higher values than short‐duration evaluations. Additionally, more standardized methodologies are needed in order to determine the effective EPOC time following these protocols.
Cutaneous lipomas and macrocephaly as early signs of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome
Authors: Martin Hélène , Bessis Didier , Bourrat Emmanuelle , Mazereeuw‐Hautier Juliette , Morice‐Picard Fanny , Balguerie Xavier , Chiaverini Christine ,   Groupe de Recherche de la Société Française de Dermatologie Pédiatrique
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is difficult in children because they usually do not meet diagnostic criteria. The objective of our study was to characterize lipoma as an early presentation of PHTS.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of children with PHTS diagnosed in French academic hospitals from 2000 to 2019. We included patients presenting at least one lipoma and PTEN‐related disorder confirmed genetically.ResultsThirteen children were included (mean age 5.5 years [range 2.5‐16]). All children had solitary (n = 5) or multiple (n = 8) lipomas, all located on the trunk. Clinical examination revealed macrocephaly in all patients. Genital lentiginosis was found in all patients in whom genitalia were examined (n = 6).ConclusionsIn addition to the classical presentation of PHTS with neurological disorders and macrocephaly, some patients, especially the youngest ones, have an initial dermatologic presentation with multiple lipomas. Search for penile freckling and macrocephaly in these patients allows for the diagnosis of PHTS. Lipomatosis should be a major diagnostic criterion in children.
Auditory attentional biases in young males with physical stature dissatisfaction
Authors: Cai Wenguan , Wang Lili , Chen Tingji , Zhao Song , Feng Chengzhi , Feng Wenfeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe attentional biases toward body‐related information for individuals with weight concerns and eating disorders have been well documented. However, our knowledge of the attentional biases toward body‐related information for subjects with physical stature concerns is only at the beginning. And the research on the auditory attentional biases for individuals with physical stature concerns is rare. The identification of attentional biases may provide an impetus for interventions to reduce distress among height dissatisfied individuals. Therefore, the present study investigated the neural mechanisms of attentional bias toward auditory physical stature‐related words among height dissatisfied young males by using event‐related potential recordings. Forty‐four young male participants screened by Negative Physical Self Scale‐Stature Concerns subscale (NPS‐S) were assigned into an experimental group with high levels of height dissatisfaction (HHD) and a control group with low levels of height dissatisfaction (LHD). Task irrelevant auditory tall‐related words, short‐related words and neutral words were presented unilaterally to the participants as the cue in a cue‐target paradigm. Participants were required to respond to the visual target preceded by the task‐irrelevant auditory cue. The results found that significantly larger N2ac was elicited by tall‐related words than short‐related words and neutral words only for the HHD group, but not for the LHD group. LPCpc amplitudes did not differ significantly by the functions of word types and experimental groups. These results suggest an attentional orienting bias toward auditory tall‐related words for young males with high levels of height dissatisfaction.
Inclusive Play Policies: Disabled Children And Their Access To Dutch Playgrounds
Authors: Van Melik Rianne , Althuizen Nick 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, many cities are still struggling to facilitate inclusive playgrounds. This paper contributes to our understanding of the everyday landscapes of disabled childhood, by investigating the play‐policy of Dutch municipalities via a mixed‐methods approach. Our online survey reveals that 90 per cent have a play‐policy, although the length and content of these documents vary extensively, and accessibility and inclusive play are often lacking. Additionally, we focus on the play‐policy of two municipalities in the east of the Netherlands. Interviews with civil servants, play professionals and families with disabled children show that municipalities willingly respond to parents’ requests for playground changes. Though resulting in tailor‐made adjustments, this also configures disability as an individual problem. Parents and policy‐makers also highlight different expectations regarding playground adjustments and investments. The paper therefore calls for open communication to avoid disabled children being involuntarily absent in public space.
Robust and fast reconstruction of complex roofs with active sampling from 3D point clouds
Authors: Dehbi Youness , Henn André , Gröger Gerhard , Stroh Viktor , Plümer Lutz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article proposes a novel method for the 3D reconstruction of LoD2 buildings from LiDAR data. We propose an active sampling strategy which applies a cascade of filters focusing on promising samples at an early stage, thus avoiding the pitfalls of RANSAC‐based approaches. Filters are based on prior knowledge represented by (nonparametric) density distributions. In our approach samples are pairs of surflets—3D points together with normal vectors derived from a plane approximation of their neighborhood. Surflet pairs provide parameters for model candidates such as azimuth, inclination and ridge height, as well as parameters estimating internal precision and consistency. This provides a ranking of roof model candidates and leads to a small number of promising hypotheses. Building footprints are derived in a preprocessing step using machine learning methods, in particular support vector machines.