bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhance the Operating Capacity - Maximize the Revenue
Authors: Muthukrishnan Murali , AlRaeesi Fatima 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To explore the opportunity for maximum utilization for one of gas processing facilities in line with ADNOC strategy to enhance profitability and asset utilization. A Technical study was conducted to increase the processing capacity up to 115% of its design limit. This was to identify the potential bottlenecks in the facility and suggest debottlenecking options with a reasonable investment.
The Technical study covers the following activities: Rigorous process simulation including the licensor units of NGL & AGRU.Line sizing adequacy check and detailed hydraulic evaluation of the major piping.Equipment adequacy check.Relief & blowdown and flare system adequacy check.Proprietary equipment/design evaluation of licensed units.Adequacy check for In-line instruments like control valves, flow elements/transmitters, ThermowellsRotating equipment adequacy checks performed with the concurrence from OEMs.Obtained Endorsement of NGL licenser (Ortloff) for the methodology of 115% adequacy check, with a recommendation to gradually increase the plant rate in 1% at a time and monitor the performance until achieving the required targetRisk assessment was conducted before the capacity testActual plant capacity test run to verify the study findings.
The study has concluded the following observations for processing 115% of the design capacity: High flow alarms set points need to be changed at some locations due to increase gas flow rates.550 oo 1133 of thermowell are not adequate based on new design CODE. These thermowells are to be replaced for the continuous operation.6 Filters to be upgraded with required capacity.
A Successful two days Test-run was conducted in June 2018 and there are no additional limitations identified other than identified in the study. Following are the outcome. Reduction of the C2 recovery by 1.2 % with no significant change in C3 recovery level.Increase in Residue Gas by 30 MMSCFD per trainIncrease in NGL by 235 TPD per trainIncrease in condensate by 2100 BPD per train
Overall Product wise revenue per train was identified at a sum of 62.5 MMUSD/Y.
Open Innovation as Enabling Paradigm to Empower Digital Transformation in Oil & Gas Organizations
Authors: Caluri Luisa , Jianu Mirela , Cerioli Paolo , Silvestri Giacomo Benedetto 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to describe the process employed by Eni to enable digital innovation across the organization. In particular, it focuses on illustrating the reinforcing role played by the unit dedicated to the open innovation initiatives in identifying the most promising digital solutions and innovative providers.
The present paper analyzes the case of Eni, one of the biggest oil companies in the world and among the first esatblishers of a Digital Unit that reports directly to the CEO, based on an internal study using the qualitative methodology.
A description of processes for development / execution of open innovation initiatives is provided, alongside a view on the main stakeholders involved that make this approach a value creation driver. The paper tackles also elements of novelty and efficiency regarding both the organizational (structural) aspects and the work, as well as information flows within the company and across the departments involved.
Ultimately, this case study is meant to illustrate the main features and success factors that made Eni Digital Open Innovation Unit effective in promoting an organizational and cultural development and by this supporting the digital transformation and encouraging corporate dynamism. Valuable insights can be therefore drawn on how organizational and procedural decisions, adoption of new instruments and ways of working through digital empowerment and open innovation philosophy dissiminated by the Digital Department can boost the attainable results throughout the organization.
Clustering Analysis and Flow Zone Indicator for Electrofacies Characterization in the Upper Shale Member in Luhais Oil Field, Southern Iraq
Authors: Abbas Mohammed A , Al Lawe Erfan M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Electrofacies identification is a crucial procedure in reservoir characterization especially in the lack of lithofacies measurements from core analysis. Electrofacies classification is essential to improve permeability-porosity relationships in non-cored intervals. Flow Zone Indicator (FZI) is a conventional procedure for rock types classification whereas Clustering Analysis has been recently used as unsupervised machine learning technique to group a set of data objects into clusters with no predefined classes. In this paper, clustering analysis and flow zone indicator were adopted for the electrofacies characterization on a dataset obtained from incorporate of conventional core analysis and CPI logs (Effective Porosity, Water saturation and Shale volume) of three wells in the upper shale member/Zubair formation in Luhais oil field southern Iraq.
The FZI attains reservoir quality evaluation through hydraulic flow unit and kozeny-carman equation, which correlates between permeability, porosity, pore throat, pore geometry and tortuosity factor. The reservoir intervals of similar or convergent range of FZI values belong to a single hydraulic flow unit and reflect the geological attributes of texture and mineralogy therefore they represent specific rock type. In clustering analysis, two approaches were adopted for electrofacies identification: k-mean and Ward's Hierarchical clustering method. These three techniques were implemented by the use of R language, which is a powerful statistical programming tool. The prepared R codes in this research can be utilized in any reservoir characterization process to define the different electrofacies
The results of this research showed two implemented techniques have identified three key electrofacies with different levels of accuracy and approaches while four rock types have been predicted from the third technique. The k-mean clustering analysis was the most accurate method where each predicted electrofacies reflects the same vertical distribution of the lithofacies in the reservoir. On the other hand, the Ward's Hierarchical electrofacies prediction represents specific petrophysical properties with minor differences from real lithofacies distribution in the reservoir. Finally, electrofacies identification through the FZI technique has similar ranges of FZI values with specific porosity and permeability values. FZI technique showed difficulty in defining lithofacies boundaries within the reservoir and predicted four rock types.
Value Chain Optimization in Oil & Gas Companies – Integrated Workflows
Authors: Al Jenaibi Shaikha , Al Mzaini Tasnim , Saputelli Luigi , Hafez Hafez , Mata Carlos , Narayanan Ram , Mogensen Kristian , Mohan Richard , Charles Frank , Mammadov Zohrab , Escorcia Alvaro , Mijares Gerardo , Rodriguez Jose , Hernandez Cristina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Meeting energy demands and generating profit to shareholders is a continuous quest for oil and gas companies. Production and business planning in integrated oil and gas operating companies is a complex process involving numerous organizations, historic data collection, modeling, prediction, and forecasting. Integrated business planning complexity intensifies due to the uncertain nature of past facts and future conditions.
We propose a framework for integrating upstream and downstream production planning processes using data-driven models representing the upstream capacities, downstream processes, and a countrywide profit model.
The upstream production model forecasts optimum capacity scenarios of the reservoir fluids with their compositional characteristics and hydraulic performance of the surface facilities while honoring business rules, and based on the various long-term expenditure scenarios, downtime requirements, and downstream demand schedules.
An integrated optimization model for value chain has the potential to protect profitability for oil and gas companies in times of unbalanced market forces.
A Downhole Wireline Module for the Measurement of Bubble Point Pressure
Authors: Rashaid Mona , Harrison Christopher , Ayyad Hazim , Dumont Hadrien , Smythe Elizabeth , Sullivan Matthew , Meier John , Fukagawa Shunsuke , Miyashita Masaki , Grant Bill , Morikami Yoko , Kajikawa Yohei , Maekawa Yuichi , Tsuboi Hidenori 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The accuracy of the phase envelope calculated for a black oil sample strongly depends upon the quality and type of information used to optimize the equation of state (EOS). Possible inputs for EOS tuning include (but is not limited to) composition from a chromatogram or optical absorbance, density, saturation pressure (bubble or dew point pressure), and the relative volumes of liquid and gas. In this manuscript, we describe a workflow using a system of microsensors that our group has previously published that accurately measures fluid properties from which the phase envelopes of several black oil samples are calculated and refined.
Successful Implementation of Alternative Acid Stimulation in a Low Productive Reservoir in Abu Dhabi Offshore Field
Authors: Channa Zohaib , Al Qubaisi Salama , Al-Neaimi Ahmed Khaleefa , Al-Romaithi Faris Sultan , Al Syari Ahmed Mahfoudh , Al-Shehhi Omar Yousef , Nofal Salman , Khemissa Hocine , Akram Fazeel Ahmad , Al Feky Mohamed , El-Sheikh Hosny 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to share a successful case study of implementing the GLDA acid in two case study wells, which helped in improving the well performance where conventional HCl acid was not effective.
Historically, the conventional HCl acid stimulation was performed on two case study wells, however, little to no improvement was observed after the acid job. The production history of both wells showed unstable behavior with load up tendency against the system pressure. Both wells frequently require unloading operation to put the well back online in case of any unforeseen platform shut down. In order to enhance the well performance and to sustain the productivity of the wells, an alternative acid called GLDA (Glutamic Diacetic Acid) stimulation was considered. GLDA is an environmentally friendly acid, biodegradable under water, non hazardous and can be handled and transported without special safety precautions. Unlike conventional HCl acid stimulation, GLDA acid is more expensive hence; a comprehensive process was adopted to ensure the proper candidate selection. For compatability study, the core samples from multiple reservoirs were tested with GLDA acid which showed positive results (creating deeper worm holes in all the cores provided), especially in the low permeable reservoirs. Fluid compatibility test of GLDA with crude oil was also found suitable without any asphaltenes precipitation & emulsion. Stimulation with GLDA acid was applied on both wells. Post job results proved significant enhancement in the production as well as production sustainability versus the conventional HCl acid stimulation.
Promoting Safety Culture: Change in Mindset
Authors: Yaqoob Sharmose , Khan Salman 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper focuses on the implementation of a company-wide health and safety program, called Zero Harm Culture (ZHC). ZHC was originally developed within Organization. Its purpose is to raise awareness of occupational health and safety and to sustainably promote safe worker behavior. The novelty of the program is that it instills a continuous safety culture that is integrated into the employees’ lives both inside and outside the workplace. ZHC is not limited to purely technical protective measures, but also focuses strongly on an active occupational safety culture (i.e., making safety part of every employee's mindset).
This paper summarizes the strategic approach developed to support the successful implementation of ZHC across Organization -- discussing goals and quality criteria associated with the different steps (see Fig.1). The approach described in this manuscript can be adapted to align to complimentary programs and strategic goals and be scaled in terms of time and resources. It is therefore applicable to any organization.
Whereas single steps can be combined, merged or left out (if, for example, associated goals are assumed to be already achieved) some essential core elements must be included. The core elements represent the shortest approach that can be taken whilst still conforming to the ZHC program requirements. Naturally, the extent of the ZHC approach implemented will affect the extent of the mindset change brought about.
Co-Development of Oil Rim and Gas Cap for Offshore Reservoir in Cost Effective Manner Through Integration of Multi-Disciplinary Data
Authors: Al-Hammadi Mariam Khalil , Sinha Amit Kumar , Zakaria Hasan Mohammed , Agrawal Pawan , Al-Badi Bader Saif , Al-Hassani Sultan Dahi , Ahmed Shafiq , Mohammed Khan Owais 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Field presented here is giant heterogeneous carbonate field consist of multi-stacked reservoirs, located in offshore Abu Dhabi. This paper presents development plan for one of reservoir. It consists of a very large rich gas cap with oil rim. Current development plan is oil production from oil rim with peripheral water injection with no gas injection and production. Significant amount of data (Core, Seismic, Logs, DST, production test & PTA) during the early production period have been collected. All the data have been integrated to prepare robust Co-development of oil-rim and gas cap to maximize oil and condensate value from the reservoir.
Reservoir consists of three main porous units: Upper, Middle and Lower Units inter-bedded with dense intervals. Generally the best porosity development is seen in the norther part of the field. Sedimentology study was mainly focused in the upper section of the reservoir. Five facies associations were made based on a low inclination ramp depositional model and diagenetic impact honoring the paragenetic sequence. Facies controlled diagenesis was noticed where abundance of echinoderms controlled the different degree of cementation degrading the reservoir quality. Identifying these dominant echinoderm facies zones allows us better well placement by avoiding them. The output of this study was four facies maps with five facies association distribution representing the four cycles seen in the upper part of the reservoir which is the best reservoir section. These facies maps were incorporated for property distribution in the static model.
The reservoir model is constructed using latest acquired seismic and more than 100s of well control for the top of the Reservoir, used as reference structure. Proportional layering was used for different reservoir layers which have been mapped using Isochore. The facies association was distributed using trend map and Vertical proportion curve observed on the Well. Reservoir properties like Porosity and Permeability were distributed using constrained of facies distribution. A newly drilled well also used as for blind test showing the predictability of the model. Dynamic data such PTA and time-lapse MDT has been integrated in the updated model to guide areal and vertical connectivity. Good history matching has been obtained with minimal changes in the static model.
With the updated model different sensitivities of gas cap and oil rim development has carried out in terms of co-development timing, lean gas recycling volume, and inner ring water injection in order to maximize oil and condensate value from the reservoir and avoid oil migration in the gas cap.
Review of the Lower Khuff Reservoir Petrophysical Classification, Offshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Shaima Shaima Saeed , Amr Amr Mohamed , Husain Husain Bu , Djilali Djilali Benzamia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Carbonate reservoir diagenesis is involves a set of complex processes that occur after deposition. It can leads to enhancement or reduction of reservoir quality. It has a major impact on the rock texture and directly affect the storage and performance of the carbonate formations. The issue is more significant in tight reservoirs. The objective of this study is to highlight different rock texture aspects of the Permian Lower Khuff reservoir layers, which tend to affect the hydrocarbon in place estimation and affect the flow capacity. The gas bearing Lower Khuff reservoir, offshore Abu Dhabi is deposited during the Permian era, it is characterized by an extremely low matrix permeability that averages around (0.5) mD, and porosity of (2)%, where production is mainly related to presence of fractures seen by borehole image logs. Archie's water saturation has been historically computed using standard values of (2) for the cementation and saturation exponents. Over time, this created a discrepancy between the static and dynamic models. We explore deeper into the rock texture by examining thin sections, core description, CCA and SCAL measurements. To build a clearer image, we incorporate up-to-date cementation and saturation exponents’ measurements and test their impact on water saturation computation against the standard values. In a journey through the reservoir pore geometry and rock texture, we visualize the changing trends and their impact on the hydrocarbon in place, incorporating modern core and log measurements with the historical and dynamic datasets. For the first time, in this undeveloped, offshore gas reservoir, the capillary pressure and electric measurements are conducted and considered for petrophysical rock classification, water saturation computation is refined.
Recovery of phosphates as struvite from urine-diverting toilets: optimization of pH, Mg:PO4 ratio and contact time to improve precipitation yield and crystal morphology
Authors: Rodrigues Denis Manuel , do Amaral Fragoso Rita , Carvalho Ana Paula , Hein Thomas , Guerreiro de Brito António 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhosphate (P) recovery from urban wastewaters is an effective strategy to address environmental protection and resource conservation, aiming at an effective circular economy. Off-grid wastewater treatment systems like urine-diverting toilets (UDT) can contribute to source separation towards nutrient recovery, namely phosphorus recovery. Effectiveness of P precipitation requires a process-based knowledge regarding pH, Mg:PO4, contact time and their interactions in P recovery and crystal morphology. Several studies failed to see the process as a whole and how factors influence both morphology and P recovery for UDT hydrolysed urine. This study addressed the above-mentioned factors and their interactions, and results showed that pH and Mg:PO4 ratio are the key factors for struvite precipitation, whereas contact time is relevant for crystal growth. The recommended set of factors proposed (pH 8.5, Mg:PO4 ratio of 1.2:1 and 30 minutes contact time) not only promotes a high precipitation yield – 99% of P with co-precipitation of at least 21% of ammonium (NH4+) – but also leads to larger crystals with lower water solubility (10% less crystals dissolved in water after 3 days). The obtained outcome facilitates the downstream process and leads to a more efficient slow-release fertiliser, as less P is wasted to receiving waters by leaching, minimising eutrophication processes.
Preparation of Tubular Forest-like and Other Carbon Structures Using Distinct Carbon Sources and Catalyst Concentrations
Authors: García Beatriz O. , Kharissova Oxana V. , Dias H.V. Rasika , Kharisov Boris I. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
In this work, various carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthetized by the
spray pyrolysis method. Resulting nanoforest-like and bamboo-like carbon nanotubes, as well as Yjunctions
of carbon nanotubes, possess different shapes and morphology, depending on the kind of carbon
source used and on the number of iron particles on the furnace tube surface, which derives from
various concentrations of ferrocene catalyst.

Methods:
We used the spray pyrolysis method, using different carbon sources (n-pentane, n-hexane, nheptane,
and acrylonitrile) as precursors and two different concentrations of ferrocene as a catalyst.
Reactions of hydrocarbon decomposition were carried out at 800oC. The solution (hydrocarbon and
catalyst) was introduced with a syringe, with a flow of 1 mL/min and the synthesis time of 20 min. Argon
was used as carrier gas (1000 L/min). Preheater and oven temperatures were selected 180°C and
800°C, respectively, for each carbon source. The solution passed into a quartz tube placed in an oven.

Results:
According to the studies of carbon nanostructures, obtained from different precursors, it can
be proposed that the structures synthesized from n-pentane, n-hexane and n-heptane are formed by the
root growth method. The growth mechanism of MWCNTs was studied, confirming that the root
growth formation of products takes place, whose parameters also depend on furnace temperature and
gas flow rate. Dependence of interlayer distance (0.34-0.50 nm) in the formed MWCNTs on precursors
and reaction conditions is also elucidated. The formation of carbon nanotubes does not merely depend
on carbon precursors but also has strong correlations with such growth conditions as different catalyst
concentrations, furnace temperature and gas flow rate. Such parameters as the amount of catalyst and
synthesis time are also needed to be considered, since they are important to find minor values of these
parameters in the synthesis of forest-like carbon nanotubes and other structures such as bamboo-like
carbon nanotubes and Y-junctions in carbon nanotubes.

Conclusions:
As a result of the evaluation of interlayer distance in CNTs formed from different carbon
sources, a standard value of interlayer distance normally for CNTs is 0.34 nm and for pentane A (0.5
wt.%), hexane B (1 wt.%), toluene A (0.5 wt.%) the range is from 0.33 to 0.35 nm. In case of pentane and
acrylonitrile, under an increase of the catalyst concentration, an increase of the value of interlayer distance
takes place from 0.35 and 0.4 to 0.4 and 0.5 nm, respectively, but for hexane, heptane and cyclohexane,
an increase of the catalyst concentration maintains the same interlayer distance. This involves the use of
lower quantities of raw materials and, therefore less cost for obtaining these materials.
The Adoption of Sustainable Facilities Management (SFM) by the Hotel Industry
Authors: Abu Talib Alyaa Afifah , Muhamad Ariff Nor Rima , Hasim Mohamad Sufian , Hanafiah Mohd Hafiz 
Published: November 2019

Sustainability issues within the hotel industry are now increasingly known as a significant concern around the world. It has been described as a constituent activity that contributes to a significant impact on the environment. However, the concept of sustainable management is yet to be well received by the hotel industry in Malaysia. This paper aims to study the growing idea of Sustainable Facilities Management (SFM) adoption, specifically in the hotel industry. This paper provides valuable information on the theory of SFM evolution, including the meta-analysis on the SFM developing, trends and researchers around the world. This paper identified a total of 15 hospitality initiatives utilized around the globe, with only nine of them are currently employed and adopted by the hotel industry. These initiatives are essential that need to be implemented in a hotel organization to gain successful and holistic SFM practices adoption.Keywords: Sustainable; Sustainability Facilities Management (SFM); Hotel. eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i12.1927