bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excursus: Friendship in Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s Matigari
Authors: Annin Felicia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ngũgĩ’s propagation of his socio-political vision depends importantly on the representation of intimate relationships across his fiction. Intimate relationships characterised by romantic love seem to be a consistent focal point in Ngũgĩ’s oeuvre. However, in Matigari (1987), the penultimate novel he published, Ngũgĩ’s narrative suggests the possibility of the exploration of another central romantic relationship, but, unexpectedly, the novel commutes romantic love into friendship. This is the case since friendship serves as the foundation on which almost all the intimate relationships that have been identified in the earlier novels is built. This paper focuses on friendship rather than romantic love in the novel, Matigari. There is an exploration of a strong bond between Matigari and Gũthera to fight the oppressor and to set the oppressed free.
Phylogeography and genetic diversity of some Sinocalanus species (Copepoda, Calanoida, Centropagidae) detected in inland and estuarine waters of China
Authors: Xiao Leyao , Deng Zhixiong , Shi Yichen , Blair David , Hu Wei , Yin Mingbo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In spite of the important ecological roles of copepods, their phylogeny and taxonomy remain largely unexplored in China. Here, we investigated the taxonomy and diversity of some Sinocalanus species (Copepoda, Calanoida, Centropagidae) in China. We observed two morphospecies (S. tenellus and S. doerrii) from this genus in 42 of 636 Chinese waterbodies examined. Molecular phylogenies inferred from a mitochondrial (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I; COI) and a nuclear marker (the nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA gene; 18S) verified the identities of these species and allowed us to amend previous misidentifications. Pronounced ecological separation between the two Sinocalanus species detected was found: S. doerrii inhabited freshwaters and was widely distributed across China, whereas S. tenellus was mainly found in brackish estuaries. One clade of S. doerrii had been misidentified (based on molecular data only) as S. tenellus in previous works, with consequent mislabeling of the sequences uploaded to GenBank. Additionally, we detected a new mitochondrial lineage of S. tenellus, most frequently in Jiaozhou Bay, China, whereas its sibling lineage was distributed in estuaries along the coasts of the East China Sea. Our study contributes to understanding the taxonomy and genetic diversity of the genus Sinocalanus in Chinese freshwater and brackish-water ecosystems.
An attempt at categorizing clitics in an Arabic variety
Authors: El Zarka Dina , Ziagos Sandra , Leitner Bettina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The process of building a linguistic corpus involves a variety of problems when it comes to annotation. One of the notoriously difficult issues concerns the classification and annotation of clitics. The proposed solutions range from a general doubt about the need for a separate class of clitics to innovative categorizations, specifically when dealing with the affix-versus-clitic challenge. The present contribution aims at highlighting the problems that arise in this context by providing an insight into the creation of a linguistic corpus for a hitherto undescribed variety of Arabic within the documentation project The Language of the Arab Minority in Southern Iran (AiS) and discussing concrete strategies for solving them. In doing so, it adds to the literature on Arabic linguistics and to the general discussion about clitics by addressing a linguistic problem that has not been systematically investigated for Arabic.
Implementation of International Human Rights Law during Situations of Violence: The Central Asian Experience
Authors: Atadjanov Rustam 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Central Asian region is periodically prone to turbulent and destabilizing events. Many human rights challenges arise, with multiple violations and restrictions of individual human rights and freedoms (e.g., civil and political rights) taking place, during, but also as a short-term and long-term result of these tumultuous events. Existing (or non-existent) legal frameworks have played an instrumental part in this status quo. It is important to scrutinize the abovementioned challenges and factors, and propose potentially workable solutions to address the problems in this area. With the use of legal analytical, historical and comparative methods, this paper reviews and systematizes some major situations involving violence which have taken place on the territory of five Central Asian States, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, since they gained independence in the early 1990s. It will subsequently consider specific types of human rights and freedoms that were affected by the said events, in accordance with the accepted terminology of international human rights law (IHRL). The paper analyzes the relevant general and specific challenges, including those that may be attributed to local contextual factors. The author argues that all the problems and challenges that have been considered may be overcome only upon condition that the suggested strategies and measures – legal, educational, social, etc., are implemented in a systematic and principled way. The piece discusses what exactly the noted trends in the implementation of international human rights standards mean in terms of international law perspectives in the region, and how those regional perspectives may have been affected by local or regional conflicts and emergencies. Finally, the author briefly offers a number of potential solutions to the said challenges, including but not limited to, legislative and IHRL domestic implementation measures (legal), teaching and instructional reforms (educational), and others.
On the Importance of Provisional Measures in Ukraine’s Cases against Russia
Authors: Gapsa Miłosz 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Since 2014, one of Ukraine’s responses to Russia’s activities in and against it has been to initiate inter-State proceedings. In the vast majority of these cases, Ukraine requested provisional measures, and they have only been denied once. This article argues that Ukraine’s cases against Russia exemplify the strategic use of provisional measures. They allow the requesting State to gain an advantage in bargaining, altering the mutual relationship between the parties and the cost and loss account of the proceedings. However, reducing their purpose solely to strategic motivations oversimplifies their significance and neglects the crucial role of an international court. Their grant is not automatic, as demonstrated in three of Ukraine’s cases against Russia. Each time, the approach was subtly different and was subsequently rigorously evaluated by the International Court of Justice.
Neogene Myrtaceae fossil woods from the Ituzaingó Formation, Paraná Basin, northeastern Argentina: Anatomical, systematic and palaeoenvironmental insights
Authors: Franco M. Jimena , Martinez Martinez Camila , Brea Mariana 
Published: December 2024

Summary
The Myrtaceae family is predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere, in particular in Australia and South America. This study describes two fossil woods with distinctive Myrtaceae anatomy from the Late Miocene of South America. The specimens were preserved by siliceous cellular permineralization. The anatomic features of Uruguayanoxylon ragoneseae sp. nov. and Uruguayanoxylon aff. striata Bolzon & Cardoso Marchiori 2002, were described in detail. Uruguaianoxylon ragoneseae sp. nov. shows strong similarities to Myrcia DC. ex Guill., while Uruguaianoxylon aff. striata is more closely related to Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Ber. The presence of Myrtaceae fossil woods in the Miocene sediments of Entre Ríos, Argentina, expands our understanding of their evolutionary history and palaeobiogeography, indicating wider historical distributions potentially linked to humid or seasonally dry tropical and subtropical forests. These results underline the significant climatic and environmental changes that have occurred since the Miocene and have influenced the distribution and diversity of Myrtaceae species. Also, their remarkable ability to adapt to different humid conditions. This study provides new insights into the taxonomic composition of the palaeoflora in the Ituzaingó Formation from Entre Ríos Province, Argentina.
An Improved Convection Parameterization with Detailed Aerosol–Cloud Microphysics for a Global Model
Authors: Jadav Arti , Waman Deepak , Pant Chandra Shekhar , Patade Sachin , Gautam Martanda , Phillips Vaughan , Bansemer Aaron , Barahona Donifan , Storelmov Trude 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A new microphysical treatment that includes aerosol–cloud interactions and secondary ice production (SIP) mechanisms is implemented in the convection scheme of the Community Atmosphere Model, version 6 (CAM6). The approach is to embed a 1D Lagrangian parcel model in the bulk convective plume of the existing deep convection parameterization. Aerosol activation, growth processes including collision/coalescence, and three processes of SIP mechanisms, two of which are normally overlooked in atmospheric models, are represented in this embedded parcel model. These microphysical processes are treated with a hybrid bin/bulk scheme and a high spatial and temporal resolution for the integration of the embedded parcel in 1D, allowing vertical velocity to determine the microphysical evolution following the in-cloud motion during ascent. Simulations of an observed case (Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment) of a mesoscale convective system in Oklahoma, United States, with a single-column model (SCAM) version of CAM, are compared with aircraft in situ and ground-based observations of microphysical properties from the convection and precipitation. Results from the validation show the new microphysical scheme has a good representation of the ice initiation in the bulk convective plume, including the known and empirically quantified pathways of primary and secondary initiation, with benefits for the accuracy of properties of its supercooled cloud liquid. The sensitivity simulations and use of tagging tracers for the validated simulation confirm that the newly included SIP mechanisms are of paramount importance for convective microphysics and can be successfully treated in the global model.
Diagnostic Value of Joint Detection of Serum TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 for Gastric Cancer and Its Relationship With Clinicopathologic Features and Prognosis
Authors: Sun Aiwen , Chen Hui , Shi Xiaojuan , Shang Zhanmin , Zhang Jishun 
Published: December 2024

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of joint detection of serum TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 for gastric cancer and its relationship with clinicopathologic features and prognosis. Methods The 105 gastric cancer patients were enrolled. The diagnostic value of serum TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 for gastric cancer and the relationship between these indicators and the clinicopathologic characteristics of gastric cancer patients were evaluated. During the follow-up period, recurrence, metastasis, and death were considered as poor prognosis. The relationships between serum TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 levels and poor prognosis and factors affecting the poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients were analyzed. Results TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 levels in the gastric cancer group were higher; serum TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 levels were higher in gastric cancer patients with tumor diameters ≥3 cm, TNM stages III and IV, low/moderate degree of differentiation, infiltration depths of the muscular or plasma layer, and lymphatic metastases; AUC of combined TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 (0.894) was higher than that of the four indicators alone; the percentage of gastric cancer patients with poor prognosis in patients with low serum TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 levels was lower; serum TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 levels were factors influencing poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Elevated serum levels of TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 are associated with clinicopathologic features and poor prognosis of gastric cancer and may be used as serum biomarkers for prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer patients.
A comparison of walking performance between individuals with and without asymptomatic peripheral artery disease using the six-minute walk test and the incremental shuttle walk test
Authors: Nantakool Sothida , Chuatrakoon Busaba , Sittichoke Cattaleeya , Konghakote Supatcha , Rerkasem Kittipan , Buranapin Supawan , Kanlayanee Sawat , Pothaya Natthaset , Kidarn Jitbergbarn 
Published: December 2024

Objective: Two walking tests including the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) are widely used to evaluate functional ability in individuals with disease conditions. However, it remains unclear whether these walking tests effectively manifest clinical impairment in individuals with asymptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD). We aimed (i) to compare the walking performance of individuals with and without asymptomatic PAD using the 6MWT and ISWT, and (ii) to investigate the correlation between ankle-brachial index and toe-brachial index (ABI-TBI) and the walking distance. Methods: A cross-sectional, crossover, matched pairs design was employed in this study. Asymptomatic PAD was diagnosed using ABI-TBI measurements. Seventy-six participants (38 with asymptomatic PAD and 38 without PAD) were randomly ordered to perform the walking tests. During the 6MWT, participants walked along the 30-meter corridor at their self-selected pace for six minutes, and the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) covered was recorded. In the ISWT, participants walked at a 12 prescribed speed level, and the incremental shuttle walk distance (ISWD) covered was recorded. Results: Result revealed no difference in 6MWD between individuals with asymptomatic PAD and without PAD (mean distance: 501.6 m vs 516.8 m, p = 0.24). Asymptomatic PAD individuals exhibited a significantly shorter ISWD than those without PAD (median distance: 270 m vs 340 m, p = 0.003). No participants reported any leg pain symptoms during the 6MWT and ISWT. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the right leg TBI and ISWD in all participants (r = 0.23, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Individuals with asymptomatic PAD demonstrated poorer walking performance than those without PAD when assessed using ISWT but not the 6MWT. Asymptomatic PAD is also associated with diminished walking performance during the ISWT. Thus, ISWT may show the clinical impairment in this population.
Machine learning to predict adverse drug events based on electronic health records: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Qiaozhi , Li Jiafeng , Li Xiaoqi , Zou Dan , Xu Ting , He Zhiyao 
Published: December 2024

Objective This systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the application of machine learning (ML) in predicting multiple adverse drug events (ADEs) using electronic health record (EHR) data. Methods Systematic searches were conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and IEEE Xplore from database inception until 21 November 2023. Studies that developed ML models for predicting multiple ADEs based on EHR data were included. Results Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Twenty ML methods were reported, most commonly random forest (RF, n = 9), followed by AdaBoost (n = 4), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (n = 3), and support vector machine (n = 3). The mean area under the summary receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) was 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.26–0.95). RF combined with resampling-based approaches achieved high AUCs (0.9448–0.9457). The common risk factors of ADEs included the length of hospital stay, number of prescribed drugs, and admission type. The pooled estimated AUC was 0.72 (95% CI = 0.68–0.75). Conclusions Future studies should adhere to more rigorous reporting standards and consider new ML methods to facilitate the application of ML models in clinical practice.
Potential value of Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 score in prediction of final cancer pathology parameters in radical prostatectomy patients
Authors: Soleimani Mohammad , Masoumi Navid , Jouzi Ali , Darzi Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: December 2024

Background: To evaluate the potential capability of preoperative urinary Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 (PCA3) in predicting adverse pathologic features in patients with any- risk prostate cancer undergoing open retro-pubic radical prostatectomy. Methods: Sixty-one biopsy-proven, clinically localized prostate cancer patients who underwent open radical prostatectomy were included in a prospectively designed cohort to evaluate the association of PCA3 score with various Adverse Pathologic Features (APF). The Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve was used to quantify the predictive accuracy of PCA3 and a cut-off point was calculated to determine the predictability potential of PCA3 in foretelling the study parameters. Results: Patients with APFs (e.g. extra-capsular extension, higher tumor volume, etc.) had a higher mean level of PCA3 compared to patients without these features, with statistically significant differences. PCA3 was a significant predictor of any APFs except perineural invasion in our study cohort. Conclusion: Increasing PCA3 level was associated with any APFs except perineural invasion in our study, which comprised mostly of intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer patients. Therefore, PCA3 could be used as an adjunctive measure in selecting patients for definitive treatments.
Energetic and enviro-economic performance of medium scale evacuated tube solar air heating system for industrial applications
Authors: Venkatramanan R. , Arjunan T.V. , Seenivasan D. , Kumar A. Veera , Selvaraj Vijayan , Matheswaran M.M 
Published: December 2024

Industrial processes require significant amounts of hot air, emphasizing the importance of developing efficient solar thermal systems to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and mitigate environmental impact. Most of the early studies focus on small-scale setups with lower airflow rates, limiting their applicability to industrial applications that require higher volumes of hot air. The primary focus of this work is to evaluate the impact of series and parallel thermal networking on the energy and enviro-economic performance of evacuated tube-based solar air heating systems, specifically for industrial process heating applications with moderate flow rates up to 1000 kg/h. A medium scale 42kWth experimental setup which consists of a blower, 28 sets of Evacuate Tube Solar Collector (ETSC) modules with 4 series and 7 parallel arrangements, baffle plates, a header, and a common duct, is developed. The airflow rate was adjusted across modules between 150 kg/h and 500 kg/h, maintaining a total airflow of 1000 kg/h at the outlet using control valves. Results indicate that the maximum average outlet temperature of 356 K was achieved at 150 kg/h. On clear sky days, the designed system can deliver hot air over 323 K at an operational flow rate of 150 kg/h between 9:30 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. The highest thermal efficiency was obtained at the higher operating flow rate of 500 kg/h. For the operating flow rate of 150 kg/h, the cost per kWh to provide hot air between 343 and 358 K is projected to be 0.0083$ (0.63 INR). The highest and least CO2 emission reductions were identified in the operating flow rates of 500 and 150 kg/h respectively. The average reduction in CO2 emissions is 19.68 tCO2 per year. Utilization of solar evacuate tube solar collector thermal networking can be deployed to reduce the environmental impact and fossil fuel dependancy. The system is more suitable for industrial process heating applications such as food product drying, paint drying, etc.
Polydopamine-functionalized nanohydroxyapatite coated exosomes with enhanced cytocompatibility and osteogenesis for bone regeneration
Authors: Xiang Mingli , Zhang Gengchao , Liu Yulin , Liao Chengcheng , Xiao Linlin , Xiang Meiling , Guan Xiaoyan , Liu Jianguo 
Published: December 2024

Background Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes, crucial in regenerative medicine, have been explored for their potential for the functional modiﬁcation of bone scaffolds. Objective To design a functionally modified biomimetic nanohydroxyapatite using exosomes and explore its effects on bone regeneration. Methods A biomimetic nanohydroxyapatite (named as tHA) was fabricated as previous methods using a polydopamine (pDA) structure as a template, and exosomes (Exo) derived from periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were used to functionally modify the tHA scaffold material through pDA. The effects of functional composite scaffold (tHA-Exo) on cells proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were investigated. Furthermore, their effect on bone regeneration was also evaluated in vivo. Results Exosomes can be loaded onto the tHA via pDA and the tHA-Exo releases exosomes in a sustained and stable manner. tHA-Exo showed improved cytocompatibility compared to controls. Additionally, tHA-Exo significantly enhanced the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. More importantly, animal experiments have shown that tHA-Exo could dramatically promote bone regeneration. Conclusion The tHA nanoparticles, functionally modified by the PDLSCs-Exo through pDA, significantly promoted bone regeneration by improving its cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential, which could serve as a promising material for promoting bone regeneration.
High parental self-efficacy and young adults’ reduced emotion dysregulation: A moderated mediating analysis from China
Authors: Wang Qiong 
Published: December 2024

Purpose Emotion dysregulation in young adults has become an important issue in the literature. By building a moderated mediating model, this study tested the underlying mechanism of young adults’ emotion dysregulation by examining the indirect effect of parental self-efficacy (PSE) on family cohesion and the moderating effect of parents’ affective involvement. Methods Two complementary approaches were adopted to validate our hypotheses using three-stage longitudinal data from 537 Chinese families. Findings PSE significantly affected young adults’ emotion dysregulation and that family cohesion mediated the relationship between PSE and young adults’ emotion dysregulation. Moreover, parents’ affective involvement moderated this indirect relationship. Conclusions Parental and family factors play important roles in addressing young adults’ emotion dysregulation. Our findings provide empirical evidence of the effects of family atmosphere and affective support by elucidating the mediating and moderating roles of family cohesion and affective involvement.