bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of using a new ultraviolet ozone absorption cross-section dataset on OMI ozone profile retrievals
Authors: Bak Juseon , Liu Xiong , Birk Manfred , Wagner Georg , Gordon Iouli E. , Chance Kelly 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. We evaluate different sets of high-resolution ozone absorption cross-section
data for use in atmospheric ozone profile measurements in the Hartley and
Huggins bands with a particular focus on BDM 1995 (Daumont et al. 1992; Brion et al., 1993; Malicet et al., 1995),
currently used in our retrievals, and a new laboratory dataset by
Birk and Wagner (2018) (BW). The BDM cross-section data have been
recommended to use for retrieval of ozone profiles using spaceborne nadir-viewing backscattered ultraviolet (BUV) measurements since its improved
performance was demonstrated against other cross-sections including Bass and
Paur (1985) (BP) and those of Serdyuchenko et al. (2014) and Gorshelev et
al. (2014) (SER) by the “Absorption Cross-Sections of Ozone” (ACSO) activity.
The BW laboratory data were recently measured within the framework of the
European Space Agency (ESA) project SEOM-IAS (Scientific Exploitation of Operational Missions –
Improved Atmospheric Spectroscopy Databases) to provide an advanced
absorption cross-section database. The BW cross-sections are made from
measurements at more temperatures and in a wider temperature range than BDM,
especially for low temperatures. Relative differences of cross-sections
between BW and BDM range from ∼2 % at shorter UV
wavelengths to ∼5 % at longer UV wavelengths at warm
temperatures. Furthermore, these differences dynamically increase by up to
±40 % at cold temperatures due to no BDM measurements having been
made below 218 K. We evaluate the impact of using different cross-sections
on ozone profile retrievals from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)
measurements. Correspondingly, this impact leads to significant differences
in individual ozone retrievals by up to 50 % in the tropopause where the
coldest atmospheric temperatures are observed. Bottom atmospheric layers
illustrate the significant change of the retrieved ozone values, with
differences of 20 % in low latitudes, which is not the case in high
latitudes because the ozone retrievals are mainly controlled by a priori
ozone information in high latitudes due to less photon penetration down to
the lower troposphere. Validation with ozonesonde observations demonstrates
that BW and BDM retrievals show altitude-dependent bias oscillations of
similar magnitude relative to ozonesonde measurements, much smaller than
those of both BP and SER retrievals. However, compared to BDM, BW retrievals
show significant reduction in standard deviation, by up to 15 %,
especially at the coldest atmospheric temperatures. Such improvement is
achieved mainly by the better characterization of the temperature dependence
of ozone absorption.
Reviews and syntheses: Ironing out wrinkles in the soil phosphorus cycling paradigm
Authors: McConnell Curt A. , Kaye Jason P. , Kemanian Armen R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Soil phosphorus (P) management remains a critical challenge for agriculture worldwide, and yet we are still unable to predict soil P dynamics as confidently as that of carbon (C) or nitrogen (N). This is due to both the complexity of inorganic P (Pi) and organic P (Po) cycling and the methodological constraints that have limited our ability to trace P dynamics in the soil–plant system. In this review, we describe the challenges for building parsimonious, accurate, and useful biogeochemical models that represent P dynamics and explore the potential of new techniques to usher P biogeochemistry research and modeling forward. We conclude that research efforts should focus on the following: (1) updating the McGill and Cole (1981) model of Po mineralization by clarifying the role and prevalence of biochemical and biological Po mineralization, which we suggest are not mutually exclusive and may co-occur along a continuum of Po substrate stoichiometry; (2) further understanding the dynamics of phytate, a six C compound that can regulate the poorly understood stoichiometry of soil P; (3) exploring the effects of C and Po saturation on P sorption and Po mineralization; and (4) resolving discrepancies between hypotheses about P cycling and the methods used to test these hypotheses.
Evaluation of the lattice Boltzmann method for wind modelling in complex terrain
Authors: Schubiger Alain , Barber Sarah , Nordborg Henrik 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The worldwide expansion of wind energy is making the choice of potential wind farm locations more and more difficult. This results in an increased number of wind farms being located in complex terrain, which is characterised by flow separation, turbulence and high shear. Accurate modelling of these flow features is key for wind resource assessment in the planning phase, as the exact positioning of the wind turbines has a large effect on their energy production and lifetime. Wind modelling for wind resource assessments is usually carried out with the linear model Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP), unless the terrain is complex, in which case Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solvers such as WindSim and Ansys Fluent are usually applied. Recent research has shown the potential advantages of large-eddy simulation (LES) for modelling the atmospheric boundary layer and thermal effects; however, LES is far too computationally expensive to be applied outside the research environment. Another promising approach is the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), a computational fluid technique based on the Boltzmann transport equation. It is generally used to study complex phenomena such as turbulence, because it describes motion at the mesoscopic level in contrast to the macroscopic level of conventional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches, which solve the Navier–Stokes (N–S) equations. Other advantages of the LBM include its efficiency; near-ideal scalability on high-performance computers (HPCs); and ability to easily automate the geometry, the mesh generation and the post-processing. However, the LBM has been applied very little to wind modelling in complex terrain for wind energy applications, mainly due to the lack of availability of easy-to-use tools as well as the lack of experience with this technique. In this paper, the capabilities of the LBM to model wind flow around complex terrain are investigated using the Palabos framework and data from a measurement campaign from the Bolund Hill experiment in Denmark. Detached-eddy simulation (DES) and LES in Ansys Fluent are used as a numerical comparison. The results show that there is in general a good agreement between simulation and experimental data, and the LBM performs better than RANS and DES. Some deviations can be observed near the ground, close to the top of the cliff and on the lee side of the hill. The computational costs of the three techniques are compared, and it has been shown that the LBM can perform up to 5 times faster than DES, even though the set-up was not optimised in this initial study. It can be summarised that the LBM has a very high potential for modelling wind flow over complex terrain accurately and at relatively low costs, compared to solving N–S equations conventionally. Further studies on other sites are ongoing.
Inelastic analysis of the imperial county services building
Authors: Moss Peter J. , Carr Athol J. , Pardeon Gerard C. 
Published: November 2020

Full scale ambient and forced vibration dynamic measurements of buildings have become a continuing research activity over the last twenty years or so. One building that has been studied in such a way was the Imperial County Services Building which was also instrumented with a number of seismographs. On the 15 October 1979, this building suffered major structural damage in a powerful earthquake.
This paper briefly describes the ICSB and the damage that occurred, before discussing the computer models that were analysed to study the likely inelastic behaviour of the building. Though the analytical time histories do not show very good agreement with the seismograph results, they do show that the transverse component of the earthquake had a significant effect on the behaviour of the building on account of a non-symmetric arrangement of the ground floor shear walls in the transverse direction. Another factor was the placing of a ground level slab above the detailed column hinges.
Self-Assembled Copper Polypyridyl Supramolecular Metallopolymer Achieving Enhanced Anticancer Efficacy
Authors: Xiong Zushuang , Lai Lanhai , Chen Tianfeng 
Published: November 2020

Metallopolymers, a combination of organic polymers and metal center, contain metal atoms in repeating monomers can change its dynamic and thermodynamic properties through the directionality of coordination bonds and chemical tailoring of ligands. In the past decade, self-assembled functional supramolecular metallopolymers have aroused a surge of research interest, and have demonstrated application potential in cancer therapy. In this chapter, we have summarized the progress in the rational design of biological application of different metallopolymers. Especially, a copper polypyridyl complex was found be able to self-assemble into a supramolecular metallopolymer driven by the intermolecular interactions, which could enhance the uptake in cancer cells through endocytosis, thus effectively inhibit tumor growth in vivo without damage to the major organs. This study may provide a good example to use self-assembled metallopolymer to achieve enhanced anticancer efficacy.
Business Harvesting Strategies for Entrepreneurs
Authors: Shava Herring 
Published: November 2020

Entrepreneurship plays a pivotal role in our societies, such as employment creation. This is a key to addressing income inequalities leading to poverty reduction and economic growth. As a result of this critical role, the campaign is on establishing more entrepreneurial entities, and there is very little concern regarding harvesting an entrepreneurial entity. Entity harvesting is equally important as setting up a new entrepreneurial venture and this chapter explores this issue. During the harvesting process, the entrepreneur recovers value through the sale of an entrepreneurial entity or its assets. Having spent several years building and adding value to the business, the entrepreneur must design an entity harvesting strategy that would provide maximum returns on the investment of time, effort and money. Several reasons may compel the entrepreneur to harvest the business and this chapter provides some of these reasons based on extant literature and primary data collected from small- and medium-sized entity (SME) owners in Sub-Saharan Africa. Further, the chapter outlines various entity harvesting strategies preferred by SME owners in Sub-Saharan Africa and circumstances at which they deem appropriate to apply such.
Synthesis of Nano-Composites Mg2TiO4 Powders via Mechanical Alloying Method and Characterization
Authors: Kumar Bhuyan Ranjan , Kisan Bhagban , Kumar Parida Santosh , Patra Soumya , Kumar Sunil 
Published: November 2020

In this chapter a systematic investigation of impact of mechanical activation on structural, microstructural, thermal and optical properties of MgO – TiO2 nanocrystalline composite system, synthesized via high energy ball milling techniques. Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot method was employed to understand the signature of the broadening in the XRD peaks and for the estimation of crystallite size of MgO – TiO2 nanocrystalline composite system. It revealed that the peak broadening is not only due to reduced coherently diffracting domain size but also due to a significant strain distribution. The calculated strain was 9.01× 10−3 and the average crystallite sizes were 40–60 nm for 35 hours (hrs) milled powder and this result is very much consistent with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The SAED ring pattern indicates that the phase of Mg2TiO4 - nanoparticles was polycrystalline in structure and the distance between crystalline planes was consistent with the standard pattern for a spinel Mg2TiO4 crystal structure. To analyze the lattice fringes for the 35 hrs milled samples high resolution-TEM (HR-TEM) study was carried out and the result revealed that the each particle has single crystalline structure. Morphological studies were carried out by using SEM analysis. The thermal decomposition behavior of the milled powders was examined by a thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) in argon atmosphere. Also, MTO nanoparticles showed a strong absorption at ~356 nm and the band gap values ranged between 3.26-3.78 eV with an increase of milling time from 0 to 35 hr. The mechanically derived MTO nanoparticles showed promising optical properties which are suitable for commercial optoelectronic applications.
Impact of US-China Trade War on Graduate School Selection
Authors: Swanson Brian A. , Swanson Mary K. , Wang Huan 
Published: November 2020

In 2018, tensions between China and the US became increasingly heightened through escalation of the US-China trade war. This case study examines the impact of this trade war on Chinese students’ desired study abroad location. Through surveying 596 Chinese students and interviewing 40 Chinese students planning to study abroad. The article examines to what extent the trade war influenced their decision regarding which country they desired to pursue further education. Additionally, the case study explores closely related issues designed to better understand how the student is affected by the Chinese media environment. Highlighted issues include whether the trade war will affect the students’ purchases of foreign-made consumer goods, how students obtain their news regarding the trade war, and to what extent students’ views differ from their parents. Findings indicate that these political events have not had a significant impact on educational preferences, but have influenced consumer good choices. The research also re-examines student motivating factors and suggests specific strategies to maximize Chinese student enrollment in foreign higher learning institutions.
LES DÉFIS DE L’ENGAGEMENT PARENTAL EN MILIEU SCOLAIRE CHEZ LES PARENTS D’ENFANTS AUTISTES : UNE ÉTUDE QUALITATIVE
Authors: Boucher1 Catherine , des Rivières-Pigeon Catherine 
Published: November 2020

L’engagement des parents dans le milieu scolaire est encouragé et valorisé, mais peu d’écrits se sont intéressés à ce sujet en contexte d’autisme. L’analyse qualitative des tâches des pères et des mères, en lien avec la scolarisation de leur enfant présentant un TSA, a permis de mieux comprendre les tâches effectuées à quatre niveaux : celles réalisées directement auprès de l’enfant, auprès du personnel scolaire, de la commission scolaire et des partenaires externes au milieu scolaire. La mise en lumière de la dimension émotionnelle de ces tâches a permis de mieux cerner l’intensité et la lourdeur de celles-ci.
Effect of endurance exercise duration on muscle hypertrophy induced by functional overload
Authors: Shirai Takanaga , Obara Tsubasa , Takemasa Tohru 
Published: November 2020

For many ball games, both resistance and endurance training are necessary to improve muscle strength and endurance capacity. Endurance training has been reported to inhibit muscle strength and hypertrophy, but some studies have reported that endurance exercise (EE) does not inhibit the effects of resistance exercise. Here, we examined the effect of short‐ or long‐duration EE on mouse skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by functional overload (OL) at the molecular level. Plantaris muscle hypertrophy was induced by OL with synergist ablation in mice. Body mass was reduced with endurance training, but EE duration (30 or 90 min) had no effect. The ratio of plantaris muscle weight to body weight was higher in the OL and EE for 30 min (OL+EE30) and OL and EE for 90 min (OL+EE90) groups compared with the OL group. Expression of mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling proteins, which is related to protein synthesis and hypertrophy, was increased in the OL+EE30 group. Expression of Forkhead box‐containing protein O1, which is related to protein breakdown and atrophy, remained unchanged. However, microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3, a known marker of autophagy, and MAFbx, which is related to protein breakdown, were significantly increased in the OL+EE90 group. Furthermore, markers of oxidative stress, ubiquitin and 4‐hydroxynonenal were also significantly increased in the OL+EE90 group compared with other groups. In conclusion, EE duration did not affect body mass and plantaris mass and did not interfere with mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling, but it did increase ubiquitinated proteins and oxidative stress. It is therefore necessary to consider training durations for EE when combining endurance and resistance training.
The Photo‐Hall Effect in High‐Mobility Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Bruevich Vladimir , Choi Hyun Ho , Podzorov Vitaly 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh‐mobility crystalline organic semiconductors are important for applications in advanced organic electronics and photonics. Photogeneration and transport of mobile photocarriers in these materials, although very important, remain underexplored. The photo‐Hall effect can be used to address the fundamental charge transport properties of these functional molecular materials, without the need for fabricating complex transistor devices or chemical doping. Here, a photo‐Hall effect is demonstrated in organic semiconductors, using a benchmark molecular system rubrene as an experimental platform. It is shown that this technique can be used to directly measure the charge carrier mobility and photocarrier density, decouple the surface and bulk transport phenomena, and thus significantly deepen the understanding of the mechanism of photoconductivity in these high‐performance molecular materials.
High zT and Its Origin in Sb‐doped GeTe Single Crystals
Authors: Vankayala Ranganayakulu K. , Lan Tian‐Wey , Parajuli Prakash , Liu Fengjiao , Rao Rahul , Yu Shih Hsun , Hung Tsu‐Lien , Lee Chih‐Hao , Yano Shin‐ichiro , Hsing Cheng‐Rong , Nguyen Duc‐Long , Chen Cheng‐Lung , Bhattacharya Sriparna , Chen Kuei‐Hsien , Ou Min‐Nan , Rancu Oliver , Rao Apparao M. , Chen Yang‐Yuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA record high zT of 2.2 at 740 K is reported in Ge0.92Sb0.08Te single crystals, with an optimal hole carrier concentration ≈4 × 1020 cm−3 that simultaneously maximizes the power factor (PF) ≈56 µW cm−1 K−2 and minimizes the thermal conductivity ≈1.9 Wm−1 K−1. In addition to the presence of herringbone domains and stacking faults, the Ge0.92Sb0.08Te exhibits significant modification to phonon dispersion with an extra phonon excitation around ≈5–6 meV at Γ point of the Brillouin zone as confirmed through inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements. Density functional theory (DFT) confirmed this phonon excitation, and predicted another higher energy phonon excitation ≈12–13 meV at W point. These phonon excitations collectively increase the number of phonon decay channels leading to softening of phonon frequencies such that a three‐phonon process is dominant in Ge0.92Sb0.08Te, in contrast to a dominant four‐phonon process in pristine GeTe, highlighting the importance of phonon engineering approaches to improving thermoelectric (TE) performance.
Profitability of using nitrogen fertilizer or inoculating soybean seed
Authors: Popp Michael P. , Purcell Larry C. , Ross W. Jeremy , Norsworthy Jacob S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractApplying supplemental fertilizer N or inoculating soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed with Bradyrhizobium japonicum led to mixed yield responses. We assessed the profitability of seed inoculation, fertilizing with N, or both, across different planting dates using maturity group (MG) IV and MG V soybean cultivars under irrigated conditions. Planting dates ranged from late May to late June at Fayetteville, AR, and Pine Tree, AR, from 2017 to 2019. Urea fertilizer was applied at R2 at 0 or 56 kg N ha−1 using inoculated soybean. Similarly, non‐inoculated treatments ranged from 0, 28, 56, 112, to 168 kg N ha−1. Although fertilizer did increase yield, the response varied by planting date, was small, and only significant at p = .141 and .171 for linear and non‐linear effects of N, respectively. Seed inoculation had a small negative impact (89 kg ha−1) on yield (p = .0157). Using historical prices over the last 10 yr, optimal fertilizer rates ranged from 3.6 to 6.6 kg N ha−1 with an attendant average yield increase of 32 kg ha−1 for early planting and from 2.6 to 4.1 kg N ha−1 for late planting with an average yield gain of 24 kg ha−1. Regardless of timing of planting, the added yield less attendant fertilizer cost resulted in an average net gain of US$7.39 and $6.00 ha−1, for early and late planting, respectively. That net gain was insufficient to cover additional custom fertilizer application charges of $17.30 ha−1. Hence, inoculation and fertilizer N are not recommended.
Food supply chains and COVID‐19: A way forward
Authors: Kamble Sachin S. , Mor Rahul S. 
Published: November 2020

Core Ideas
Food security is likely to be a big challenge post COVID‐19.
Disruptions suggest that a global recession could occur.
Agri‐food has become the priority industry.
Technological innovations, and short and resilient models will help recover food supply chains.
Eine enantioselektive elektronische Nase: Ein Array nanoporöser homochiraler MOF‐Filme zur stereospezifischen Erkennung chiraler Geruchsmoleküle
Authors: Okur Salih , Qin Peng , Chandresh Abhinav , Li Chun , Zhang Zejun , Lemmer Ulrich , Heinke Lars 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChiralität ist von wesentlicher Bedeutung in der Natur und oft entscheidend für biologischen Informationstransfer, z. B. mittels Geruchsmolekülen. Während die menschliche Nase die Enantiomere vieler chiraler Gerüche unterscheiden kann, bleibt die technische Umsetzung durch einen künstlichen Sensor oder eine elektronische Nase, e‐nose, eine große Herausforderung. Hier präsentieren wir ein Array von sechs Sensoren, die mit nanoporösen Metall‐organischen Gerüsten (MOFs) verschiedener homochiraler und achiraler Strukturen beschichtet sind. Dieses Array funktioniert wie eine enantioselektive elektronische Nase. Während die achiralen MOF‐Sensoren identische Reaktionen für beide Isomere eines chiralen Geruchsmoleküls zeigen, unterscheiden sich die Sensorsignale der homochiralen MOF‐Filme bei verschiedenen Enantiomeren. Mittels maschineller Lern‐Algorithmen ermöglichen die kombinierten Arraydaten die stereoselektive Identifizierung, hier für fünf Paare von chiralen Geruchsmolekülen getestet. Wir sind überzeugt, dass die “chiral‐MOF‐e‐nose”, welche chirale Gerüche enantioselektiv erkennen und unterscheiden kann, zur fortgeschrittenen technischen Geruchswahrnehmung beiträgt.
Nickel‐katalysierte intramolekulare 1,2‐Aryl‐Wanderung von mesoionischen Carbenen (iMICs)
Authors: Merschel Arne , Glodde Timo , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Ghadwal Rajendra S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDie Ni‐katalysierte intramolekulare 1,2‐Verschiebung eines 2,6‐Diisopropylphenyl‐Substituenten (Dipp) von sieben mesoionischen Carbenen (iMICAr) 2 a–g (iMICAr=ArC{N(Dipp)}2CHC; Ar=Aryl) unter Bildung von 1,3‐Imidazolen (IMDAr) 3 a–g (IMDAr=ArC{N(Dipp)CHC(Dipp)N}) wird berichtet. Dieser Prozess impliziert die Spaltung einer N‐CDipp‐Bindung in 2 und die anschließende Knüpfung einer C‐CDipp‐Bindung, was in der NHC‐Chemie bislang unbekannt war. Die Überführung von 3 in Super‐iMICs (5) (S‐iMIC=ArC{N(Dipp)N(Me)C(Dipp)}C) wurde mit der Herstellung von Selen‐ (6), Gold‐(7) und Palladium‐Derivaten (8) gezeigt. Die Quantifizierung der stereoelektronischen Eigenschaften lässt hierbei eine deutliche Erhöhung der σ‐Donorstärke von 5 relativ zu klassischen NHCs erkennen. Bemerkenswert hierbei ist das “Buried Volume” von 5 (%Vbur=45), welches in iMICs dem bisher größten bekannten Wert entspricht. Katalytische Studien weisen auf eine hervorragende Aktivität von 5 hin, was mit den stereoelektronischen Eigenschaften der Liganden im Einklang ist.