bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How One Feels During Resistance Exercises: A Repetition-by-Repetition Analysis Across Exercises and Loads
Authors: Emanuel Aviv , Rozen Smukas Isaac , Halperin Israel 
Published: August 2020

Context: The Feeling Scale (FS) is a unique and underexplored scale in sport sciences that measures affective valence. The FS has the potential to be used in athletic environments as a monitoring and prescription tool. Purpose: To examine whether FS ratings, as measured on a repetition-by-repetition basis, can predict proximity to task failure and bar velocity across different exercises and loads. Methods: On the first day, 20 trained participants (10 females) completed 1-repetition-maximum (1-RM) tests in the barbell bench and squat exercises and were introduced to the FS. In the following 3 sessions, participants completed 3 sets to task failure with either (1) 70% 1-RM bench press, (2) 70% 1-RM squat (squat-70%), or (3) 80% 1-RM squat (squat-80%). Sessions were completed in a randomized, counterbalanced order. After every completed repetition, participants verbally reported their FS ratings. Bar velocity was measured via a linear position transducer. Results: FS ratings predicted failure proximity and bar velocity in all 3 conditions (P < .001, R2 .66–.85). Based on the analysis, which included over 2400 repetitions, a reduction of 1 unit in the FS corresponded to approaching task failure by 14%, 11%, and 11%, and to a reduction in bar velocity of 10%, 4%, and 3%, in the bench, squat-70%, and squat-80%, respectively. Conclusion: This is the first study to investigate whether the FS can be used in resistance-training environments among resistance-trained participants on a repetition-by-repetition basis. The results indicate that the FS can be used to monitor and prescribe resistance training and that its benefits should be further explored.
Systems biological assessment of immunity to mild versus severe COVID-19 infection in humans
Authors: Arunachalam Prabhu S. , Wimmers Florian , Mok Chris Ka Pun , Perera Ranawaka A. P. M. , Scott Madeleine , Hagan Thomas , Sigal Natalia , Feng Yupeng , Bristow Laurel , Tak-Yin Tsang Owen , Wagh Dhananjay , Coller John , Pellegrini Kathryn L. , Kazmin Dmitri , Alaaeddine Ghina , Leung Wai Shing , Chan Jacky Man Chun , Chik Thomas Shiu Hong , Choi Chris Yau Chung , Huerta Christopher , Paine McCullough Michele , Lv Huibin , Anderson Evan , Edupuganti Srilatha , Upadhyay Amit A. , Bosinger Steve E. , Maecker Holden Terry , Khatri Purvesh , Rouphael Nadine , Peiris Malik , Pulendran Bali 
Published: August 2020

Immune profiling of COVID-19 patientsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people globally, yet how the human immune system responds to and influences COVID-19 severity remains unclear. Mathewet al.present a comprehensive atlas of immune modulation associated with COVID-19. They performed high-dimensional flow cytometry of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and found three prominent and distinct immunotypes that are related to disease severity and clinical parameters. Arunachalamet al.report a systems biology approach to assess the immune system of COVID-19 patients with mild-to-severe disease. These studies provide a compendium of immune cell information and roadmaps for potential therapeutic interventions.Science, this issue p.eabc8511, p.1210
Danish premature birth rates during the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Hedermann Gitte , Hedley Paula Louise , Bækvad-Hansen Marie , Hjalgrim Henrik , Rostgaard Klaus , Poorisrisak Porntiva , Breindahl Morten , Melbye Mads , Hougaard David M , Christiansen Michael , Lausten-Thomsen Ulrik 
Published: August 2020

To explore the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on premature birth rates in Denmark, a nationwide register-based prevalence proportion study was conducted on all 31 180 live singleton infants born in Denmark between 12 March and 14 April during 2015–2020.The distribution of gestational ages (GAs) was significantly different (p=0.004) during the lockdown period compared with the previous 5 years and was driven by a significantly lower rate of extremely premature children during the lockdown compared with the corresponding mean rate for the same dates in the previous years (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.40, p<0.001). No significant difference between the lockdown and previous years was found for other GA categories.The reasons for this decrease are unclear. However, the lockdown has provided a unique opportunity to examine possible factors related to prematurity. Identification of possible causal mechanisms might stimulate changes in clinical practice.
Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness-based healthcare costs of diabetic retinopathy in Hungary and its projection for the year 2045
Authors: Tóth Gábor , Limburg Hans , Szabó Dorottya , Sándor Gábor L , Nagy Zoltán Z , Németh János 
Published: August 2020

Background/aimsThe purpose of this study was to estimate the total healthcare cost associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the population aged 18 years and older in Hungary, and its projection for the year 2045.MethodsA cost model was developed based on the standardised rapid assessment of avoidable blindness with the diabetic retinopathy module (RAAB+DRM) methodology and recently reported prevalent-based cost of illness model. Projection for 2045 was made based on the estimation for increasing diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence of the International Diabetes Federation. Costs were analysed from the perspective of the healthcare system and the patients. Our DR cost model was constructed according to the Scottish DR grading scale and based on the DR severity stadium.ResultsThe total DR-associated healthcare cost was US$145.8 million in 2016 and will increase to US$169.0 million by 2045. The two major cost drivers were intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injections and vitrectomies in this study (US$126.4 million in 2016 and US$146.5 million in 2045); they amounted to 86.7% of the total treatment cost of DR. The DR-related cost per patient was US$180.5 in Hungary.ConclusionsThe cost per patient for treating DR was lower in Hungary than in other countries. Due to the increasing socioeconomic burden of proliferative DR and diabetes-related blindness, it would be important to invest in DR screening, prevention and early treatment. Our new RAAB-based cost of DR model may facilitate comparisons of DR treatment costs across countries.
Components of diabetes prevalence in Denmark 1996–2016 and future trends until 2030
Authors: Carstensen Bendix , Rønn Pernille Falberg , Jørgensen Marit Eika 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionIncidence rates of diabetes have been increasing and mortality rates have been decreasing. Our aim is the quantification of the effects of these on the prevalence and prediction of the future burden of diabetes.Research design and methodsFrom population-based registers of Denmark, we derived diabetes incidence and mortality rates and mortality rates for persons without diabetes for the period 1996–2016. Rates were modeled by smooth parametric terms using Poisson regression. Estimated rates were used to assess the relative contribution of incidence and mortality to changes in prevalence over the study period as well as for prediction of future rates and prevalence 2017–2040.ResultsThe major contributors to prevalence was increasing incidence (22%) and epidemiological imbalance between incidence and mortality (27%). The decrease in mortality rates over the period 1996–2016 contributes only 9% of the prevalent cases at 2016. We estimated that 467 000 persons in Denmark would be living with diabetes in 2030. The age distribution of patients in the period 2017–2030 is predicted to change toward older ages. The total number of persons needing diabetes care will increase by 67% over the next 13 years, an average annual increase of 4.0%.ConclusionsLowering mortality among patients with diabetes even further is not likely to influence the prevalence substantially. Since the size and the increase in incidence of diabetes are major drivers of the increasing prevalence, the prevention of new cases of diabetes is required.
Strengthening the integration of eye care into the health system: methodology for the development of the WHO package of eye care interventions
Authors: Keel Stuart , Evans Jennifer R , Block Sandra , Bourne Rupert , Calonge Margarita , Cheng Ching-Yu , Friedman David S , Furtado João M , Khanna Rohit C , Mathenge Wanjiku , Mariotti Silvio , Matoto Elenoa , Müller Andreas , Rabiu M Mansur , Rasengane Tuwani , Zhao Jialang , Wormald Richard , Cieza Alarcos 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo describe the rational for, and the methods that will be employed to develop, the WHO package of eye care interventions (PECI).Methods and analysisThe development of the package will be conducted in four steps: (1) selection of eye conditions (for which interventions will be included in the package) based on epidemiological data on the causes of vision impairment and blindness, prevalence estimates of eye conditions and health facility data; (2) identification of interventions and related evidence for the selected eye conditions from clinical practice guidelines and high-quality systematic reviews by a technical working group; (3) expert agreement on the inclusion of eye care interventions in the package and the description of resources required for the provision of the selected interventions; and (4) peer review. The project will be led by the WHO Vision Programme in collaboration with Cochrane Eyes and Vision. A Technical Advisory Group, comprised of public health and clinical experts in the field, will provide technical input throughout all stages of development.ResultsAfter considering the feedback of Technical Advisory Group members and reviewing-related evidence, a final list of eye conditions for which interventions will be included in the package has been collated.ConclusionThe PECI will support Ministries of Health in prioritising, planning, budgeting and integrating eye care interventions into health systems. It is anticipated that the PECI will be available for use in 2021.
Core competencies for injury prevention among public health students and an advocacy for curriculum development in the medical universities in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ye Zhoufeng , Dalal Koustuv , Zhang Huiying , Li Fenfen , Zhao Jiakui , Wang Shu-Mei 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the current status of injury prevention (IP) core competency among medical students majoring in public health in China and to advocate for incorporating IP in the medical curriculum.MethodsThe study used purposive sampling in eight medical universities in China in 2017, including 420 undergraduates and 763 graduates, using self-administered questionnaires based on the core competency instrument for IP with five domains (31 items): A) injury analysis and assessment (8 items), B) IP project planning and implementation (7 items), C) communication (6 items), D) community practice (5 items), and E) leadership and systematic thinking (5 items). The higher score indicated the higher level of proficiency of the ability (scores ranged from 1 to 5). We used linear regression model to test the effect of IP course experience on the core competency mean score after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe total mean score was 2.78 (SD=0.76, median=2.9, range=1–4.55) and 2.68 (SD=0.75, median=2.81, range=1–4.45) for undergraduates and graduates, respectively. There were 60% and 36% of undergraduates and graduates who have ever taken IP course, respectively. IP course class hours were positively associated with core competency level (P<0.05) across five domains (except for domain D) and the total.ConclusionThe core competency level is relatively low among public health students in China. Setting IP courses should be considered as an effective way to improve students’ core competency. It is a step moving towards the IP education promotion, and further boosting the field of public health.
Association of negative financial shocks during the Great Recession with depressive symptoms and substance use in the USA: the CARDIA study
Authors: Swift Samuel Longworth , Elfassy Tali , Bailey Zinzi , Florez Hermes , Feaster Daniel J , Calonico Sebastian , Sidney Steve , Kiefe Catarina I , Zeki Al Hazzouri Adina 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe Great Recession of 2008 was marked by large increases in unemployment and decreases in the household wealth of many Americans. In the 21st century, there have also been increases in depressive symptoms, alcohol use and drug use among some groups in the USA. The objective of this analysis is to evaluate the influence of negative financial shocks incurred during the Great Recession on depressive symptoms, alcohol and drug use.MethodsWe employed a quasi-experimental fixed-effects design, using data from adults enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Our financial shock predictors were within-person change in employment status, income and debt to asset ratio between 2005 and 2010. Our outcomes were within-person change in depressive symptoms score, alcohol use and past 30-day drug use.ResultsIn adjusted models, we found that becoming unemployed and experiencing a drop in income and were associated with an increase in depressive symptoms. Incurring more debts than assets was also associated with an increase in depressive symptoms and a slight decrease in daily alcohol consumption (mL).ConclusionOur findings suggest that multiple types of financial shocks incurred during an economic recession negatively influence depressive symptoms among black and white adults in the USA, and highlight the need for future research on how economic recessions are associated with health.
Reframing and reacting to employees’ responses to change: a focus on resistance
Authors: Reed Cara , McDermott Aoife M 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundA hallmark of a leader is their ability to manage change—an ever-present feature of organisational life. Indeed, all improvement requires change, and in this context navigating employees’ responses to progress change is a key part of leadership. To support this, research and leadership development have historically focused on how leaders can reduce resistance to change. This review highlights the value of reframing classic conceptions of resistance to change as something negative.ResultWidening understanding of non-acceptance responses to change supports the provision of broader, yet more meaningful advice to leaders and managers about how to engage with employees in ways that can support improvement. To do this, the article identifies why resistance is important in the contemporary context and then outlines three current broad views within research on resistance to change identified by Robyn Thomas and Cynthia Hardy. These influence how resistance is seen and therefore how it is approached. The article considers what leaders can learn and do to more effectively navigate employees’ responses to change, and how reframing resistance applies to the specific context of healthcare.
Effect of low-dose lidocaine on objective upper extremity strength and immediate pain relief following cervical interlaminar epidural injections: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: McCormick Zachary L. , Burnham Taylor , Cunningham Shellie , Kendall Richard W , Bougie David , Teramoto Masaru , Walega David R. 
Published: August 2020

Background
Low-dose lidocaine is a common diluent for analgesia following cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injection (CIESI). Concerns with this practice exist. A single-arm cohort reported that 20% of patients develop postprocedural upper extremity weakness when using lidocaine as a diluent. Furthermore, a high-cervical spinal block with unintended intrathecal or subdural administration is possible.

Objective
Determine if low-dose lidocaine as a diluent during CIESI causes clinically meaningful (1) upper extremity weakness and (2) immediate pain relief when compared with saline.

Design
Double-blinded randomized control trial.

Methods

Patients with cervical radicular pain scheduled for CIESI were enrolled. Participants received lidocaine (CIESI-L) or saline (CIESI-S) as a diluent for the epidural injectate. Myotomal strength was measured with dynamometry before and between 20 and 30 min after CIESI. Pre-pain and post-pain scores were obtained. Primary and secondary outcomes were post-CIESI weakness of ≥20% (minimal clinically important difference (MCID)) in
>
1 myotome and ≥50% pain reduction on the numerical scale.

Results
120 participants (64 females (53%), mean age, 56 (SD 13.7) years) completed the study and were analyzed (CIESI-L n=60; CIESI-S n=60). There was no significant between-group difference in the proportion of participants with postprocedural weakness, CIESI-L 41.7% (95% CI, 29.8% to 54.5%), CIESL-S 50% (95% CI, 37.5% to 62.5%). Between-group comparison showed no significant difference in pain reduction, relative risk 1.53 (95% CI, 0.82 to 2.86).

Conclusion
Low-dose lidocaine as a diluent in CIESI does not significantly increase the risk of post-CIESI myotomal weakness when compared with saline, but also does not substantially increase the likelihood of immediate, meaningful pain relief.

Trial registration details

ClinicalTrials.gov (
NCT03127137
); December 26, 2017.
Use of oscillatory positive expiratory pressure (OPEP) devices to augment sputum clearance in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alghamdi Saeed M , Barker Ruth Emily , Alsulayyim Abdullah S S , Alasmari Ali M , Banya Winston A S , Polkey Michael I , Birring Surinder S , Hopkinson Nicholas S 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionOscillating positive expiratory pressure (OPEP) devices are intended to facilitate sputum clearance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but there is uncertainty as to their place in treatment pathways. We aimed to review the existing literature to establish the evidence base for their use.MethodsA systematic search of records up to March 2020 was performed on PubMed, CINAHL, Medline (Ovid), Cochrane and Embase to retrieve clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of OPEP devices in patients with COPD. Two independent reviewers retrieved the titles, abstracts and full texts, and completed the data extraction.ResultsFollowing full-text review of 77 articles, eight (six randomised control trials and 2 cross-over studies) were eligible for inclusion. Pooled analysis showed low-grade evidence that the use of OPEP devices was associated with decreased COPD symptoms and exacerbations (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.72), and enhanced exercise capacity; 6 min walk distance (mean difference (95% CI), 49.8 m (14.2 m to 85.5 m); p=0.009]). However, studies were mostly short term with the majority having a high risk of bias. The average acceptance, completion and drop-out rates were 82%, 91% and 8%, respectively.ConclusionThe use of OPEP devices can have a positive impact in COPD, but confidence in effect sizes is low and there is a need for further, higher quality studies to examine their long-term efficacy in COPD as well as to identify specific patient phenotypes that are more likely to respond.PROSPERO registration numberCRD 42016041835.
Traumatic orbital ligament avulsion diagnosed with cross‐sectional imaging in three dogs
Authors: Hanot Emilie M , Williams David L , Caine Abby 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYThe aim of the study was to describe the clinical and imaging findings of three dogs diagnosed with orbital ligament avulsion. Three immature dogs presented following a facial bite trauma, including multiple skull fractures and ventral, ventrolateral or rostrolateral displacement of the affected eye. The extent of lesions and orbital ligament avulsion were assessed and diagnosed using CT (n=2) or MRI (n=1). Orbital ligament avulsion was identified as an interruption of the linear structure between the zygomatic process of the frontal bone and the frontal process of the zygomatic bone. One dog was treated surgically to correct a visual axis alteration, while the remaining two dogs were managed conservatively. Orbital ligament avulsion is an uncommon condition that should be considered following a facial trauma. Concurrent lesions might necessitate surgical intervention, but it remains unclear if the avulsion of the orbital ligament itself requires a specific treatment.
Examining the effects of applying ActiGraph low-frequency extension feature to analyze the sleeping behaviours of preschool-aged children
Authors: Coyle-Asbil Hannah J. , Breau Becky , Ma David W.L. , Haines Jess , Vallis Lori Ann 
Published: August 2020

This study compares sleep outcome measures obtained using normal- and low-frequency extension (LFE) settings (Actilife). Forty-two children (aged 3–6 years) were instructed to wear an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer on their hip for 7 days, 24 h/day. Total sleep time (min), sleep efficiency (%), and number and cumulative length (min) of awakening were used to compare the settings. Results suggest that the LFE setting results in significant but relatively small reductions in the sleep metrics of children. Trial registration no.: clincialtrials.gov (ID no. NCT02223234) Novelty LFE setting, available through ActiGraph, estimates a significantly reduced total sleep time and efficiency.
Cosmology of the generalized model of LQG
Authors: Chattopadhyay Surajit , Khurshudyan Martiros , Myrzakulov K. , Pasqua Antonio , Myrzakulov Ratbay 
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we study the main cosmological properties of the classical Friedmann equations in the case of homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann–Robertson–Walker Universe and we also generalized the expression of the Friedmann equation in the case of Loop Quantum Cosmology (LQC). Considering the [Formula: see text]-model, we found the solutions of the equations considered for two particular cases, i.e. [Formula: see text] (i.e. the de Sitter solution) and [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we considered and studied two exact cosmological solutions of the [Formula: see text]-model, in particular the power-law and the exponential ones. Moreover, we also considered a third more complicated case and we derived the solution for an arbitrary function of the time [Formula: see text]. A scalar field description of the model is presented by constructing its self-interacting potential.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF HOMOGENEOUS ANATASE-PHASED TiO2FILMS CHARACTERIZATION AND GAS-SENSING BEHAVIORS
Authors: GOPALA KRISHNAN V. , ELANGO P. 
Published: August 2020

Anatase-phased TiO2films were prepared at different temperatures (350, 400, 450 and 500∘C) using automated nebulizer spray pyrolysis (ANSP) method. The structural study (XRD) revealed the amorphous nature at 350∘C and remaining samples (400, 450 and 500∘C) show the tetragonal structure with 2[Formula: see text], 38.43, 48.49 and 55.54 corresponding to (101), (004), (200) and (105) reflected planes and it is well fitted with standard data. The compositional XPS analysis confirmed the core level primary element of Ti 2p, O 1s and valance band (VB) of Ti 3p, Ti 3s, O 2s peaks in the prepared samples. The 3D optical profilometer has shown that the thickness of the prepared films was decreased by increase in temperature. The AFM study exhibited average roughnesses (Ra) of the prepared films such as 0.058, 0.147, 0.176 and 0.194[Formula: see text]nm, respectively. The surface morphological study of FESEM has shown the cracked uneven distributed nature (350∘C) turn into evenly distributed closed packed agglomerated particles by the influence of temperature. The oscillating nature of transmittance (%) with redshift of the sharp absorption edge was observed in UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer and found the bandgap value about 3.58[Formula: see text]eV to 3.33[Formula: see text]eV through Tauc’s relation. The gas-sensing behavior has shown better response to C2H6O reducing gas at 300∘C operating temperature with 150 ppm gas concentration.