bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and clinical correlates of self-harm and suicidality during admission of children in a mental health inpatient unit
Authors: Kipoulas Eleftherios , Berzengi Azi , Kyriakopoulos Marinos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Self-harm and suicidality are common presentations in children and adolescents requiring a mental health inpatient admission. Although there are several studies on adolescents, there is relatively limited research into childhood self-harm and suicidality during such admissions.

Methods
A retrospective electronic file review was conducted on all children discharged from a national mental health inpatient children’s unit over a 6-year period. Several independent variables were compared between self-harm/suicidal and non-self-harm/non-suicidal children. Separate analyses investigated changes in self-harm/suicidality, functional outcomes, and risk assessment ratings between admission and discharge.

Results
A total of 105 children were included in this study. During admission, 65.7% of them reported self-harm thoughts, 61% engaged in self-harm, 50.5% expressed suicidal thoughts, and 14.3% engaged in suicidal behavior. Thoughts and acts of self-harm were associated with previous self-harm, longer admissions, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Suicidality overlapped with self-harm and was strongly predicted by previous self-harm. The prevalence of self-harm and suicidal thoughts and acts significantly decreased during admission. Children in the non-self-harm group had marginally better functional outcomes upon discharge compared to those in the self-harm group. Children and parents/caregivers were similarly satisfied with treatment, irrespective of children’s self-harm/suicidality.

Conclusions
Self-harm and suicidality were widespread among children admitted to hospital. Better understanding of the mechanisms and factors related to self-harm and suicidality in this age group could help mitigate associated risks and improve existing safety strategies.
Survival Impact of Anti-GD2 Antibody Response in a Phase II Ganglioside Vaccine Trial Among Patients With High-Risk Neuroblastoma With Prior Disease Progression
Authors: Cheung Irene Y. , Cheung Nai-Kong V. , Modak Shakeel , Mauguen Audrey , Feng Yi , Basu Ellen , Roberts Stephen S. , Ragupathi Govind , Kushner Brian H. 
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE Anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has proven efficacy in high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB). A small phase I GD2/GD3 vaccine trial (n = 15) described long-term survival and a favorable safety profile among patients with a history of disease progression (PD). The kinetics of mounting antibody response to vaccine and its prognostic impact on survival are now investigated in a phase II study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00911560 ). PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred two patients with HR-NB who achieved remission after salvage therapies were enrolled in this trial. They received seven subcutaneous injections of GD2/GD3 vaccine spanning 1 year plus oral β-glucan starting at week 6 after the third dose of vaccine. Serum anti-vaccine antibody titers were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Kaplan-Meier and landmark Cox Regression models were used for survival estimates. RESULTS Patients had a history of one (63%), two (21%), or three to six (16%) episodes of PD. 82% of them progressed following anti-GD2 mAb (m3F8/dinutuximab/naxitamab) therapy. Vaccine-related toxicities were self-limited injection–associated local reactions and fever without any > grade 3 toxicities. The progression-free survival (PFS) was 32% ± 6%, and the overall survival (OS) was 71% ± 7% at 5 years. Serum anti-GD2 (immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1] and IgM) and anti-GD3 (IgG1) titers showed notable increases following the initiation of β-glucan at week 6. There was an association between IgG1 titer and SNP rs3901533 of dectin-1, the β-glucan receptor. Multivariable analyses showed that anti-GD2-IgG1 titer ≥ 150 ng/mL by week 8 was associated with favorable PFS and OS, while having prior episodes of PD and the time from last PD to vaccine were associated with PFS. CONCLUSION GD2/GD3 vaccine plus β-glucan elicited robust antibody responses in patients with HR-NB with prior PD. Higher anti-GD2-IgG1 titer was associated with improved survival.
Self-organized criticality and earthquake predictability: A long-standing question in the light of natural time analysis
Authors: Varotsos P. A. , Sarlis N. V. , Skordas E. S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAfter the Bak-Tang-Wisenfeld seminal work on self-organized criticality (SOC), the following claim appeared by other workers in the 1990s: Earthquakes (EQs) cannot be predicted, since the Earth is in a state of SOC and hence any small earthquake has some probability of cascading into a large event. Here, we discuss that such claims do not stand in the light of natural time analysis, which was shown at the beginning of the 2000s to extract the maximum information possible from complex systems time series. A useful quantity to identify the approach of a dynamical system to criticality is the varianceof natural timeχ, which becomes equal to 0.070 at the critical state for a variety of dynamical systems. This also holds for experimental results of critical phenomena such as growth of ricepiles, seismic electric signals activities, and the subsequent seismicity before the associated main shock. Another useful quantity is the changeof the dynamic entropyunder time reversal, which is minimized before a large avalanche upon analyzing the Olami-Feder-Christensen model for EQs in natural time. Such a minimum actually occurred on 22 December 2010, well before the M9 Tohoku EQ in Japan on 11 March 2011, being accompanied by increases of both the complexity measure of thefluctuations and the variability of the order parameter of seismicity (which was minimized two weeks later). These increases conform to the seminal work on phase transitions by Lifshitz and Slyozov and independently by Wagner as well as to more recent work by Penroseet al. In addition, the evolution of the complexity measure of thefluctuations reveals a reliable estimation of the occurrence time of this M9 EQ.
Serum FSH Is Associated With BMD, Bone Marrow Adiposity, and Body Composition in the AGES-Reykjavik Study of Older Adults
Authors: Veldhuis-Vlug Annegreet G , Woods Gina N , Sigurdsson Sigurdur , Ewing Susan K , Le Phuong T , Hue Trisha F , Vittinghoff Eric , Xu Kaipin , Gudnason Vilmundur , Sigurdsson Gunnar , Kado Deborah M , Eiriksdottir Gudny , Harris Tamara , Schafer Anne L , Li Xiaojuan , Zaidi Mone , Rosen Clifford J , Schwartz Ann V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Context
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations increase during the perimenopausal transition and remain high after menopause. Loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and gain of bone marrow adiposity (BMA) and body fat mass also occur during this time. In mice, blocking the action of FSH increases bone mass and decreases fat mass.

Objective
To investigate the associations between endogenous FSH levels and BMD, BMA, and body composition in older adults, independent of estradiol and testosterone levels.

Design, Setting, and Participants
Older adults from the AGES-Reykjavik Study, an observational cohort study.

Main Outcome Measures
Areal BMD, total body fat, and lean mass were measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Lumbar vertebral BMA was measured by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Volumetric BMD and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT, SAT) areas were measured with quantitative computed tomography. The least squares means procedure was used to determine sex hormone–adjusted associations between quartiles of serum FSH and BMD, BMA, and body composition.

Results
In women (N = 238, mean age 81 years), those in the highest FSH quartile, compared with the lowest quartile, had lower adjusted mean spine integral BMD (−8.6%), lower spine compressive strength index (−34.8%), higher BMA (+8.4%), lower weight (−8.4%), lower VAT (−17.6%), lower lean mass (−6.1%), and lower fat mass (−11.9%) (all P &lt; 0.05). In men, FSH level was not associated with any outcome.

Conclusions
Older postmenopausal women with higher FSH levels have higher BMA, but lower BMD and lower fat and lean mass, independent of estradiol and testosterone levels. Longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms.
Extracellular MIF, but not its homologue D-DT, promotes fibroblast motility independently of its receptor complex CD74/CD44
Authors: Szczęśniak Paweł , Henke Tamara , Fröhlich Suada , Plessmann Uwe , Urlaub Henning , Leng Lin , Bucala Richard , Grosse Robert , Meinhardt Andreas , Klug Jörg 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its homologue D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT) are widely expressed pro-inflammatory cytokines with chemokine-like functions that coordinate a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as migration. Here, we biotin-tagged intracellular MIF/D-DT in vivo to identify important cytosolic interactors and found a plethora of actin cytoskeleton-associated proteins. Although the receptor complex between CD74 and CD44 (CD74/CD44) is essential for signalling transduction in fibroblasts via extracellular MIF/D-DT, our interactome data suggested direct effects. We, thus, investigated whether MIF/D-DT can modulate cell migration independently of CD74/CD44. To distinguish between receptor- and non-receptor-mediated motility, we used fibroblasts that are either deficient or that express CD74/CD44 proteins, and treated them with recombinant MIF/D-DT. Interestingly, only MIF could stimulate chemokinesis in the presence or absence of CD74/CD44. The pro-migratory effects of MIF depended on lipid raft/caveolae-mediated but not clathrin-mediated endocytosis, on its tautomerase activity and, probably, on its thiol protein oxidoreductase activity. As MIF treatment restrained actin polymerisation in vitro, our findings establish a new intracellular role for MIF/D-DT in driving cell motility through modulation of the actin cytoskeleton.
Human cells lacking CDC14A and CDC14B show differences in ciliogenesis but not in mitotic progression
Authors: Partscht Patrick , Uddin Borhan , Schiebel Elmar 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The budding yeast phosphatase Cdc14 has a central role in mitotic exit and cytokinesis. Puzzlingly, a uniform picture for the three human CDC14 paralogues CDC14A, CDC14B and CDC14C in cell cycle control has not emerged to date. Redundant functions between the three CDC14 phosphatases could explain this unclear picture. To address the possibility of redundancy, we tested expression of CDC14 and analysed cell cycle progression of cells with single and double deletions in CDC14 genes. Our data suggest that CDC14C is not expressed in human RPE1 cells, excluding a function in this cell line. Single- and double-knockouts (KO) of CDC14A and CDC14B in RPE1 cells indicate that both phosphatases are not important for the timing of mitotic phases, cytokinesis and cell proliferation. However, cycling CDC14A KO and CDC14B KO cells show altered ciliogenesis compared to wild-type cells. The cilia of cycling CDC14A KO cells are longer, whereas CDC14B KO cilia are more frequent and disassemble faster. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the cell cycle functions of CDC14 proteins are not conserved between yeast and human cells.
The effect of an end-effector type of robot-assisted gait training on patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rhee Seung Yeon , Jeon Hara , Kim Seong Woo , Lee June Sung 
Published: December 2020

Background: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a peripheral nerve injury caused by a post-infectious immune response. Although the prognosis of GBS is relatively good, some patients have severe impairments, such as walking disabilities. Robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) is used to improve gait function in various neurologic disorders; however, no studies have reported its effectiveness in GBS patients. We aimed to evaluate the effect of gait training using an end-effector type robotic device on GBS patients. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with GBS who received RAGT using Morning Walk® at an inpatient department. The main outcome measures evaluated before and after RAGT were: Medical Research Council scale, Functional Ambulation Categories, Modified Barthel Index score, Rivermead Mobility Index, and 2-minute walk test. Results: In total, 15 patients underwent RAGT 24 times. The mean age was 55.7 (±15.3) years and the average time from onset was 3.9 (±3.6) months. When compared to the baseline, all outcome measures associated with gait function were improved after RAGT. Conclusions: RAGT can improve walking ability in GBS patients. RAGT can be considered as one gait training tool to recover gait function in GBS patients.
Ketamine as an adjunctive therapy for major depression - a randomised controlled pragmatic pilot trial (Karma-Dep Trial)
Authors: Gallagher Bronagh , Foley Meabh , Slattery Claire M. , Gusciute Gabriele , Shanahan Enda , McLoughlin Declan M. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Depression is a common psychiatric disorder that has become the leading cause of disability worldwide. The standard medical care for depression over the past 50 years has focused on monoamine neurotransmitters. These treatments can take weeks to take effect, highlighting the need for novel treatment strategies. One such approach may be ketamine. Ketamine acts as an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-asparate receptor and thus targets the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate. Interestingly, at sub-anaesthetic doses, a single infusion of ketamine can elicit a rapid, though transient, antidepressant response. Methods: The aim of this study was to conduct a pragmatic randomised controlled pilot trial of four once-weekly ketamine infusions as an adjunctive therapy for depression. The main objective was to assess trial procedures to inform a future definitive trial. The primary clinical outcome was the 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-24). Trial participants were patients admitted to St Patrick’s Mental Health Services for treatment of a depressive episode. They underwent usual inpatient care as prescribed by their treating team. Consented participants were randomly allocated to a four-week course of either once-weekly ketamine (0.5mg/kg) or midazolam (0.045mg/kg) infusions given over 40 minutes and with 12 weeks follow-up. Results: In total, 1581 admissions to St Patrick’s Hospital were assessed for eligibility over nine months, with 125 (8%) meeting criteria, with 25 (20%) providing consent. In total, 13 were randomly assigned to the ketamine arm and 12 to the midazolam arm. There were no major differences in HRSD-24 scores between the two groups. The infusions were generally safe and well tolerated. Conclusions: This is the first pragmatic pilot trial of adjunctive serial ketamine infusions for hospitalised depression, an important possible use of ketamine. This study suggests that a definitive trial of adjunctive ketamine is feasible. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03256162 21/08/2017; EudraCT 2016-004764-18 30/11/2016.
Improving the experience of hospital doctors who are not in training programmes
Authors: Azhar Jawad , Thomas Peter , McCarthy Karen , Raza Tanzeem , Vassallo Michael 
Published: December 2020

Background/Aims Doctors in non-consultant, non-training (NCNT) trust grade posts are an important part of the medical workforce across the UK, but their needs are often neglected. It is important to explore their work-related experience to support their welfare. This study aimed to explore the issues that were most important to the positive work experience of this group of doctors. Method Work-related themes were identified through meetings with NCNT trust grade doctors. A questionnaire was then compiled asking such doctors to rate statements based on these themes using a 5-point Likert scale. Correlations between scores on these statements and the scores on the key statement ‘I will recommend coming to this hospital for training to my friends’ were explored. Results The questionnaire was completed by 25 doctors. Statements reflecting organisational culture, such as ‘I never felt bullied’ (r=0.698) or ‘I feel well supported in my work’ (r=0.796) demonstrated strong correlations with whether respondents would recommend the trust to a friend, while process-based statements, such as ‘I have been allocated a clinical supervisor’ (r=0.12), did not. Conclusions Focusing on the needs and opinions of NCNT trust grade doctors is important to support recruitment and retention. When evaluating the impact of processes on job satisfaction for this group, it may be more useful to focus on the outcomes of the processes and the general organisational culture, rather than simply checking off whether the processes exist.
Separating twin images in digital holographic microscopy using weak scatterers
Authors: Shangraw Maxwell , Ling Hangjian 
Published: December 2020

When using inline digital holographic microscopy (DHM) and placing the hologram plane within a particle suspension, both real and virtual images come into focus during reconstruction, limiting our ability to resolve three-dimensional (3D) particle distribution. Here, we propose a new method to distinguish between real and virtual images in the 3D reconstruction field. This new method is based on the use of weak scatterers, and the fact that the real and virtual images of weak scatterers display distinct intensity distributions along the optical axis. We experimentally demonstrate this method by localizing and tracking 1 µm particles in a 3D volume with a particle concentration ranging from 200 to

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. Unlike previous approaches to address the virtual image problem, this method does not require the recording of multiple holograms or the insertion of additional optical components. The proposed method allows the hologram plane to be placed within the sample volume, and extends the capability of DHM to measure the 3D movements of particles in deep samples far away from the optical window.
A novel faculty development tool for writing a letter of recommendation
Authors: Saudek Kris , Treat Robert , Rogers Amanda , Hahn Danita , Lauck Sara , Saudek David , Weisgerber Michael 
Published: December 2020

Objective
Based on a national survey of program directors we developed a letter of recommendation (LOR) scoring rubric (SR) to assess LORs submitted to a pediatric residency program. The objective was to use the SR to analyze: the consistency of LOR ratings across raters and LOR components that contributed to impression of the LOR and candidate.

Methods
We graded 30 LORs submitted to a pediatric residency program that were evenly distributed based on final rank by our program. The SR contained 3 sections (letter features, phrases, and applicant abilities) and 2 questions about the quality of the LOR (LORQ) and impression of the candidate (IC) after reading the LOR on a 5-point Likert scale. Inter-rater reliability was calculated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC(2,1)). Pearson (r) correlations and stepwise multivariate linear regression modeling predicted LORQ and IC. Mean scores of phrases, features, and applicant abilities were analyzed with ANOVA and Bonferroni correction.

Results
Phrases (ICC(2,1) = 0.82, p<0.001)) and features (ICC(2,1) = 0.60, p<0.001)) were rated consistently, while applicant abilities were not (ICC(2,1) = 0.28, p<0.001)). For features, LORQ (R2 = 0.75, p<0.001) and IC (R2 = 0.58, p<0.001) were best predicated by: writing about candidates’ abilities, strength of recommendation, and depth of interaction with the applicant. For abilities, LORQ (R2 = 0.47, p<0.001) and IC (R2 = 0.51, p<0.001) were best predicted by: clinical reasoning, leadership, and communication skills (0.2). There were significant differences for phrases and features (p<0.05).

Conclusions
The SR was consistent across raters and correlates with impression of LORQ and IC. This rubric has potential as a faculty development tool for writing LORS.
tempo do consumidor e o menosprezo planejado
Authors: Gomide Corrêa Bruna 
Published: December 2020

A presente resenha tem como objetivo ressaltar os principais aspectos da obra de Laís Bergstein. A obra é fruto da tese de doutorado defendida pela autora na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, sob a orientação de Claudia Lima Marques. Laís Berstein busca, ao longo da obra, analisar e desenvolver fundamentos para prevenir e compensar o dano pelo tempo perdido do consumidor quando o fornecedor menospreza de forma planejada as suas demandas. Nesse sentido, propõe um duplo critério de avaliação da conduta do fornecedor com objetivo de verificar a existência desse tipo de dano ao consumidor: o menosprezo planejado. Para desenvolvimento dessa investigação, a autora busca analisar o valor jurídico do tempo sob a ótica do consumidor, os deveres de prevenção e reparação dos danos causados pelos fornecedores e a superação do menosprezo planejado pelas vias extrajudiciais e soluções alternativas como a mediação, a conciliação, a negociação e a arbitragem. Desse modo, a obra cumpre papel relevante em demostrar doutrinariamente a possibilidade de reconhecimento do dano temporal enquanto modalidade autônoma de dano no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, bem como apontar aportes teóricos que permitam maior segurança jurídica na caracterização desse dano através da análise do menosprezo planejado ao tempo do consumidor.
Evolución de los derechos personalísimos a la esfera espiritual en el Código Civil y Comercial, y perspectiva de los mismos frente al avance tecnológico
Authors: Fabiano Aidilio Gustavo 
Published: December 2020

El uso de internet, la expresión a través de las redes sociales, la inteligencia artificial, entre otros adelantos tecnológicos, conforman relaciones —entre las más generales— de la persona humana; y, por lo tanto, son reguladas por el derecho civil. Los beneficios de tales avances resultan innegables, pero a la vez, por ese medio, se advierten novedosos modos de ataque a los derechos personalísimos, en particular, a la esfera espiritual. Es común advertir lesiones al honor a través de comentarios agraviantes en las redes, invasión a la intimidad por la utilización de la inteligencia artificial, cyberespionaje, etc. Se mancilla la identidad digital, se cambia el destino de las imágenes almacenadas, entre otros menoscabos. El reconocimiento de los derechos personalísimos a la esfera espiritual en el CCyCN ha sido un hito importante para la protección de la dignidad personal, pero, luego de cinco años de vigencia de la codificación, surge el interrogante acerca del surgimiento de nuevas facetas de tales derechos lesionadas (derecho al olvido, a la desconexión, a la imagen digital, transparencia y responsabilidad en el uso de los algoritmos, etc.) y obliga a discutir nuevas alternativas de solución. En particular, cuestionarnos si las n ­ ormas relativas a la tensión entre estosderechos y la libertad de prensa resultan directamente aplicables al fenómeno de internet, o si por el contrario, resultan necesarias nuevas previsiones normativas.
La dación en pago en el nuevo Código Civil y Comercial
Authors: Moro Emilio F. 
Published: December 2020

En el presente trabajo analizamos cómo el Código Civil y Comercial, desde su entrada en vigencia hace cinco años, ha abordado de manera razona- ble y atinada a la dación en pago (datio in solutum), mejorando la técnica legislativa del Código anterior en esta materia.