bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term insights into marine turtle sightings, strandings and captures around the UK and Ireland (1910–2018)
Authors: Botterell Zara L. R. , Penrose Rod , Witt Matthew J. , Godley Brendan J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith over a century of records, we present a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal occurrence of marine turtle sightings and strandings in the UK and Ireland between 1910 and 2018. Records of hard-shell turtles, including loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta, N = 240) and Kemp's ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii, N = 61), have significantly increased over time. However, in the most recent years there has been a notable decrease in records. The majority of records of hard-shell turtles were juveniles and occurred in the boreal winter months when the waters are coolest in the North-east Atlantic. They generally occurred on the western aspects of the UK and Ireland highlighting a pattern of decreasing records with increasing latitude, supporting previous suggestions that juvenile turtles arrive in these waters via the North Atlantic current systems. Similarly, the majority of the strandings and sightings of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea, N = 1683) occurred on the western aspects of the UK and the entirety of Ireland's coastline. In contrast to hard-shell turtles, leatherback turtles were most commonly recorded in the boreal summer months with the majority of strandings being adult sized, of which there has been a recent decrease in annual records. The cause of the recent annual decreases in turtle strandings and sightings across all three species is unclear; however, changes to overall population abundance, prey availability, anthropogenic threats and variable reporting effort could all contribute. Our results provide a valuable reference point to assess species range modification due to climate change, identify possible evidence of anthropogenic threats and to assess the future trajectory of marine turtle populations in the North Atlantic.
p67: a cryptic lysosomal hydrolase in Trypanosoma brucei?
Authors: Koeller Carolina M. , Smith Terry K. , Gulick Andrew M. , Bangs James D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstractp67 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein of the terminal lysosome of African trypanosomes. Its biosynthesis involves transport of an initial gp100 ER precursor to the lysosome, followed by cleavage to N-terminal (gp32) and C-terminal (gp42) subunits that remain non-covalently associated. p67 knockdown is lethal, but the only overt phenotype is an enlarged lysosome (~250 to >1000 nm). Orthologues have been characterized in Dictyostelium and mammals. These have processing pathways similar to p67, and are thought to have phospholipase B-like (PLBL) activity. The mouse PLBD2 crystal structure revealed that the PLBLs represent a subgroup of the larger N-terminal nucleophile (NTN) superfamily, all of which are hydrolases. NTNs activate by internal autocleavage mediated by a nucleophilic residue, i.e. Cys, Ser or Thr, on the upstream peptide bond to form N-terminal α (gp32) and C-terminal β (gp42) subunits that remain non-covalently associated. The N-terminal residue of the β subunit is then catalytic in subsequent hydrolysis reactions. All PLBLs have a conserved Cys/Ser dipeptide at the α/β junction (Cys241/Ser242 in p67), mutation of which renders p67 non-functional in RNAi rescue assays. p67 orthologues are found in many clades of parasitic protozoa, thus p67 is the founding member of a group of hydrolases that likely play a role broadly in the pathogenesis of parasitic infections.
A non-increasing tree growth process for recursive trees and applications
Authors: Eslava Laura 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe introduce a non-increasing tree growth process
$((T_n,{\sigma}_n),\, n\ge 1)$
, where Tn is a rooted labelled tree on n vertices and σn is a permutation of the vertex labels. The construction of (Tn, σn) from (Tn−1, σn−1) involves rewiring a random (possibly empty) subset of edges in Tn−1 towards the newly added vertex; as a consequence Tn−1 ⊄ Tn with positive probability. The key feature of the process is that the shape of Tn has the same law as that of a random recursive tree, while the degree distribution of any given vertex is not monotone in the process.We present two applications. First, while couplings between Kingman’s coalescent and random recursive trees were known for any fixed n, this new process provides a non-standard coupling of all finite Kingman’s coalescents. Second, we use the new process and the Chen–Stein method to extend the well-understood properties of degree distribution of random recursive trees to extremal-range cases. Namely, we obtain convergence rates on the number of vertices with degree at least
$c\ln n$
, c ∈ (1, 2), in trees with n vertices. Further avenues of research are discussed.
Mixing properties of colourings of the ℤd lattice
Authors: Alon Noga , Briceño Raimundo , Chandgotia Nishant , Magazinov Alexander , Spinka Yinon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study and classify proper q-colourings of the ℤd lattice, identifying three regimes where different combinatorial behaviour holds. (1) When
$q\le d+1$
, there exist frozen colourings, that is, proper q-colourings of ℤd which cannot be modified on any finite subset. (2) We prove a strong list-colouring property which implies that, when
$q\ge d+2$
, any proper q-colouring of the boundary of a box of side length
$n \ge d+2$
can be extended to a proper q-colouring of the entire box. (3) When
$q\geq 2d+1$
, the latter holds for any
$n \ge 1$
. Consequently, we classify the space of proper q-colourings of the ℤd lattice by their mixing properties.
Perforated posterior mitral leaflet aneurysm in an 8-month-old infant
Authors: Nagaoka Kota , Ibuki Keijiro , Miyahara Yoshinori 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMitral valve aneurysm not associated with infective endocarditis is rarely reported in children. We report a case of perforated posterior mitral leaflet aneurysm in an infant with reference to surgical and histopathological findings. Although its aetiology remains unclear, we suggest to include mitral valve aneurysm in differential diagnosis as a cause of mitral regurgitation in children.
A preliminary study of group therapy intervention for bipolar disorder based on the integrative cognitive model
Authors: Maçkalı Zeynep , Güneri Gülin , Korkmaz Arın , Çakır Sibel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The main aim of this research was to investigate the effect of the 8-week group therapy intervention based on the integrative cognitive model (ICM) of bipolar disorder. The sample was composed of 10 patients with bipolar I and bipolar II diagnoses. The group sessions were held once a week for 1.5 hours. For the quantitative measures, the group participants were assessed during pre-test, post-test and 3-month follow-up using the Turkish versions of the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hypomanic Attitudes and Positive Predictions Inventory, the Psychological Well-being Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Quantitative analyses revealed that a reliable change was seen only in pre-test and post-test depression scores. However, this change could not be maintained at 3-month follow-up. For the qualitative analyses, data collected during semi-structured interviews were used. The thematic analyses results showed that the 8-week ICM-based group therapy was found to help participants make sound observations about their behaviors, decrease their feelings of loneliness and increase self-acceptance, and acceptance of the role of mood swings in their lives. Moreover, the results showed that participants found the following activities very beneficial: describing their emotions, evaluating the intensity of their emotions, identifying their life goals, coping with interpersonal conflicts, evaluating resources and going over strengths. In conclusion, the 8-week ICM-based group therapy had a positive impact on participants’ self-awareness, self-acceptance and self-perception.

Key learning aims

(1)
To learn more about the integrative cognitive model and how it has been reconceptualized for group-based intervention.

(2)
To understand the structure and content of group CBT protocol for bipolar disorders based on the integrative cognitive model.

(3)
To consider possible advantages of group CBT for bipolar disorders during the recovery process.
Comment on “High‐Resolution, Multilayer Modeling of Singapore's Urban Climate Incorporating Local Climate Zones” by Mughal et al. (2019)
Authors: Velasco Erik 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWeather forecasting models coupled with canopy layer schemes are frequently used to assess the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon through sensitivity analysis. These models are valuable tools if they are properly tested against field observations. Mughal et al. (2019) (https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029796) followed this approach to investigate Singapore's UHI effect within the urban canopy layer. But a lack of field observations for evaluating the model's performance led to simplistic assumptions and wrong interpretations. The major flaws triggered by both circumstances are exposed with the aim that future research does not repeat the same mistakes and can provide the scientific basis to formulate effective mitigation measures.
Effect of Sediment Supply on Cyclic Fluctuations of the Disequilibrium Ratio and Threshold Transport Discharge, Inferred From Bedload Transport Measurements Over 27 Years at the Swiss Erlenbach Stream
Authors: Rickenmann Dieter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBedload transport in natural channels typically shows large fluctuations even for constant hydraulic forcing. It has been shown that the threshold shear stress for initiation of motion depends, for example, on the bed morphology and on channel slope and that it may be influenced by flood history effects. This study is based on a unique data set of continuous field observations of bedload transport acquired during 27 years with impact plate measurements and involving more than 500 sediment‐transporting flood events. A disequilibrium ratio is defined which represents the observed bedload mass per event divided by the bedload mass calculated via a bedload transport equation integrated over the time of a flood event. The disequilibrium ratio varies in a cyclic behavior around equilibrium conditions defined by its median value. The mean duration of a cycle depends on upstream sediment supply or availability on the bed, and longer cycles are associated with a larger active layer on the bed. A memory effect is evident regarding the temporal evolution of both disequilibrium ratio and bed state as reflected by threshold transport conditions, determined from the observations as the critical discharge at the start and at the end of a bedload‐transporting event. The disequilibrium ratio and the threshold transport discharge are inversely correlated with each other, likely providing a feedback mechanism governing the fluctuations around an equilibrium state. Accounting for the memory effect, that is, for the bed state after the previous event, improves the prediction of bedload transport for the following event.
Genetic association of FMRP targets with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Clifton Nicholas E. , Rees Elliott , Holmans Peter A. , Pardiñas Antonio F. , Harwood Janet C. , Di Florio Arianna , Kirov George , Walters James T. R. , O’Donovan Michael C. , Owen Michael J. , Hall Jeremy , Pocklington Andrew J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGenes encoding the mRNA targets of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) are enriched for genetic association with psychiatric disorders. However, many FMRP targets possess functions that are themselves genetically associated with psychiatric disorders, including synaptic transmission and plasticity, making it unclear whether the genetic risk is truly related to binding by FMRP or is alternatively mediated by the sampling of genes better characterised by another trait or functional annotation. Using published common variant, rare coding variant and copy number variant data, we examined the relationship between FMRP binding and genetic association with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. High-confidence targets of FMRP, derived from studies of multiple tissue types, were enriched for common schizophrenia risk alleles, as well as rare loss-of-function and de novo nonsynonymous variants in schizophrenia cases. Similarly, through common variation, FMRP targets were associated with major depressive disorder, and we present novel evidence of association with bipolar disorder. These relationships could not be explained by other functional annotations known to be associated with psychiatric disorders, including those related to synaptic structure and function. This study reinforces the evidence that targeting by FMRP captures a subpopulation of genes enriched for genetic association with a range of psychiatric disorders.
APC loss induces Warburg effect via increased PKM2 transcription in colorectal cancer
Authors: Cha Pu-Hyeon , Hwang Jeong-Ha , Kwak Dong-Kyu , Koh Eunjin , Kim Kyung-Sup , Choi Kang-Yell 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Most cancer cells employ the Warburg effect to support anabolic growth and tumorigenesis. Here, we discovered a key link between Warburg effect and aberrantly activated Wnt/β-catenin signalling, especially by pathologically significant APC loss, in CRC.

Methods
Proteomic analyses were performed to evaluate the global effects of KYA1797K, Wnt/β-catenin signalling inhibitor, on cellular proteins in CRC. The effects of APC-loss or Wnt ligand on the identified enzymes, PKM2 and LDHA, as well as Warburg effects were investigated. A linkage between activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling and cancer metabolism was analysed in tumour of Apcmin/+ mice and CRC patients. The roles of PKM2 in cancer metabolism, which depends on Wnt/β-catenin signalling, were assessed in xenograft-tumours.

Results
By proteomic analysis, PKM2 and LDHA were identified as key molecules regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signalling. APC-loss caused the increased expression of metabolic genes including PKM2 and LDHA, and increased glucose consumption and lactate secretion. Pathological significance of this linkage was indicated by increased expression of glycolytic genes with Wnt target genes in tumour of Apcmin/+ mice and CRC patients. Warburg effect and growth of xenografted tumours-induced by APC-mutated-CRC cells were suppressed by PKM2-depletion.

Conclusions
The β-catenin-PKM2 regulatory axis induced by APC loss activates the Warburg effect in CRC.
The SUMO pathway in pancreatic cancer: insights and inhibition
Authors: Schneeweis Christian , Hassan Zonera , Schick Markus , Keller Ulrich , Schneider Günter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn urgent medical need to develop novel treatment strategies for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exists. However, despite various efforts in the histopathological and molecular subtyping of PDAC, novel targeted or specific therapies have not been established. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) with ubiquitin-like proteins, including small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs), mediate numerous processes that can contribute to the fitness and survival of cancer cells. The contribution of SUMOylation to transcriptional control, DNA repair pathways, mitotic progression, and oncogenic signalling has been described. Here we review functions of the SUMO pathway in PDAC, with a special focus on its connection to an aggressive subtype of the disease characterised by high MYC activity, and discuss SUMOylation inhibitors under development for precise PDAC therapies.
Implications of metabolism-driven myeloid dysfunctions in cancer therapy
Authors: Strauss Laura , Guarneri Valentina , Gennari Alessandra , Sica Antonio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImmune homeostasis is maintained by an adequate balance of myeloid and lymphoid responses. In chronic inflammatory states, including cancer, this balance is lost due to dramatic expansion of myeloid progenitors that fail to mature to functional inflammatory neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), thus giving rise to a decline in the antitumor effector lymphoid response. Cancer-related inflammation orchestrates the production of hematopoietic growth factors and cytokines that perpetuate recruitment and activation of myeloid precursors, resulting in unresolved and chronic inflammation. This pathologic inflammation creates profound alterations in the intrinsic cellular metabolism of the myeloid progenitor pool, which is amplified by competition for essential nutrients and by hypoxia-induced metabolic rewiring at the tumor site. Therefore, persistent myelopoiesis and metabolic dysfunctions contribute to the development of cancer, as well as to the severity of a broad range of diseases, including metabolic syndrome and autoimmune and infectious diseases. The aims of this review are to (1) define the metabolic networks implicated in aberrant myelopoiesis observed in cancer patients, (2) discuss the mechanisms underlying these clinical manifestations and the impact of metabolic perturbations on clinical outcomes, and (3) explore new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to restore immunometabolism and differentiation of myeloid cells towards an effector phenotype to increase host antitumor immunity. We propose that the profound metabolic alterations and associated transcriptional changes triggered by chronic and overactivated immune responses in myeloid cells represent critical factors influencing the balance between therapeutic efficacy and immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) for current therapeutic strategies, including immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of a parent species of widely cultivated azaleas
Authors: Yang Fu-Sheng , Nie Shuai , Liu Hui , Shi Tian-Le , Tian Xue-Chan , Zhou Shan-Shan , Bao Yu-Tao , Jia Kai-Hua , Guo Jing-Fang , Zhao Wei , An Na , Zhang Ren-Gang , Yun Quan-Zheng , Wang Xin-Zhu , Mannapperuma Chanaka , Porth Ilga , El-Kassaby Yousry Aly , Street Nathaniel Robert , Wang Xiao-Ru , Van de Peer Yves , Mao Jian-Feng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAzaleas (Ericaceae) comprise one of the most diverse ornamental plants, renowned for their cultural and economic importance. We present a chromosome-scale genome assembly for Rhododendron simsii, the primary ancestor of azalea cultivars. Genome analyses unveil the remnants of an ancient whole-genome duplication preceding the radiation of most Ericaceae, likely contributing to the genomic architecture of flowering time. Small-scale gene duplications contribute to the expansion of gene families involved in azalea pigment biosynthesis. We reconstruct entire metabolic pathways for anthocyanins and carotenoids and their potential regulatory networks by detailed analysis of time-ordered gene co-expression networks. MYB, bHLH, and WD40 transcription factors may collectively regulate anthocyanin accumulation in R. simsii, particularly at the initial stages of flower coloration, and with WRKY transcription factors controlling progressive flower coloring at later stages. This work provides a cornerstone for understanding the underlying genetics governing flower timing and coloration and could accelerate selective breeding in azalea.
Antibodies targeting epitopes on the cell-surface form of NS1 protect against Zika virus infection during pregnancy
Authors: Wessel Alex W. , Kose Nurgun , Bombardi Robin G. , Roy Vicky , Chantima Warangkana , Mongkolsapaya Juthathip , Edeling Melissa A. , Nelson Christopher A. , Bosch Irene , Alter Galit , Screaton Gavin R. , Fremont David H. , Crowe James E. , Diamond Michael S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere are no licensed therapeutics or vaccines available against Zika virus (ZIKV) to counteract its potential for congenital disease. Antibody-based countermeasures targeting the ZIKV envelope protein have been hampered by concerns for cross-reactive responses that induce antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of heterologous flavivirus infection. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a membrane-associated and secreted glycoprotein that functions in flavivirus replication and immune evasion but is absent from the virion. Although some studies suggest that antibodies against ZIKV NS1 are protective, their activity during congenital infection is unknown. Here we develop mouse and human anti-NS1 monoclonal antibodies that protect against ZIKV in both non-pregnant and pregnant mice. Avidity of antibody binding to cell-surface NS1 along with Fc effector functions engagement correlate with protection in vivo. Protective mAbs map to exposed epitopes in the wing domain and loop face of the β-platform. Anti-NS1 antibodies provide an alternative strategy for protection against congenital ZIKV infection without causing ADE.
Environmental influences on foraging effort, success and efficiency in female Australian fur seals
Authors: Speakman Cassie N. , Hoskins Andrew J. , Hindell Mark A. , Costa Daniel P. , Hartog Jason R. , Hobday Alistair J. , Arnould John P. Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the factors which influence foraging behaviour and success in marine mammals is crucial to predicting how their populations may respond to environmental change. The Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus, AUFS) is a predominantly benthic forager on the shallow continental shelf of Bass Strait, and represents the greatest biomass of marine predators in south-eastern Australia. The south-east Australian region is experiencing rapid oceanic warming, predicted to lead to substantial alterations in prey diversity, distribution and abundance. In the present study, foraging effort and indices of foraging success and efficiency were investigated in 138 adult female AUFS (970 foraging trips) during the winters of 1998–2019. Large scale climate conditions had a strong influence on foraging effort, foraging success and efficiency. Foraging effort and foraging success were also strongly influenced by winter chlorophyll-a concentrations and sea-surface height anomalies in Bass Strait. The results suggest increasing foraging effort and decreasing foraging success and efficiency under anticipated environmental conditions, which may have population-level impacts.
Preferential transcription of the mutated allele in NPM1 mutated acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Bailey G. D. , Doolan L. , Baskar A. , Smith L. C. , Seedhouse C. H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNucleophosmin is commonly both over-expressed and mutated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). NPM1 mutations are always heterozygous. In addition, NPM1 has a number of different splice variants with the major variant encoded by exons 1–9 and 11–12 (NPM1.1). Further variants include NPM1.2 which lacks exons 8 and 10 and NPM1.3 which comprises exons 1–10 (and so lacks the region of sequence mutated in AML). In this study we quantified the expression of these three variants in 108 AML patient samples with and without NPM1 mutations and also assessed the level of expression from the wild-type and mutant alleles in variants NPM1.1 and NPM1.2. The results show that NPM1.1 is the most commonly expressed variant, however transcripts from wild-type and mutated alleles do not occur at equal levels, with a significant bias toward the mutated allele. Considering the involvement of mutant nucleophosmin in the progression and maintenance of AML, a bias towards mutated transcripts could have a significant impact on disease maintenance.