bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-domain cognitive assessment of male mice shows space radiation is not harmful to high-level cognition and actually improves pattern separation
Authors: Whoolery Cody W. , Yun Sanghee , Reynolds Ryan P. , Lucero Melanie J. , Soler Ivan , Tran Fionya H. , Ito Naoki , Redfield Rachel L. , Richardson Devon R. , Shih Hung-ying , Rivera Phillip D. , Chen Benjamin P. C. , Birnbaum Shari G. , Stowe Ann M. , Eisch Amelia J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAstronauts on interplanetary missions - such as to Mars - will be exposed to space radiation, a spectrum of highly-charged, fast-moving particles that includes 56Fe and 28Si. Earth-based preclinical studies show space radiation decreases rodent performance in low- and some high-level cognitive tasks. Given astronaut use of touchscreen platforms during training and space flight and given the ability of rodent touchscreen tasks to assess functional integrity of brain circuits and multiple cognitive domains in a non-aversive way, here we exposed 6-month-old C57BL/6J male mice to whole-body space radiation and subsequently assessed them on a touchscreen battery. Relative to Sham treatment, 56Fe irradiation did not overtly change performance on tasks of visual discrimination, reversal learning, rule-based, or object-spatial paired associates learning, suggesting preserved functional integrity of supporting brain circuits. Surprisingly, 56Fe irradiation improved performance on a dentate gyrus-reliant pattern separation task; irradiated mice learned faster and were more accurate than controls. Improved pattern separation performance did not appear to be touchscreen-, radiation particle-, or neurogenesis-dependent, as 56Fe and 28Si irradiation led to faster context discrimination in a non-touchscreen task and 56Fe decreased new dentate gyrus neurons relative to Sham. These data urge revisitation of the broadly-held view that space radiation is detrimental to cognition.
Real-time cholesterol sorting in Plasmodium falciparum-erythrocytes as revealed by 3D label-free imaging
Authors: Hayakawa Eri H. , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Mori Masahiro , Nardone Glenn 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCholesterol, a necessary component of animal cell membranes, is also needed by the lethal human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Because P. falciparum lacks a cholesterol synthesis pathway and malaria patients have low blood cholesterol, we speculated that it scavenges cholesterol from them in some way. We used time-lapse holotomographic microscopy to observe cholesterol transport in live P. falciparum parasites and structurally investigate erythrocyte membranes, both during and after P. falciparum invasion of human erythrocytes. After P. falciparum initially acquired free cholesterol or inner erythrocytic membrane-derived cholesterol, we observed budding lipid membranes elongating into the cytosol and/or membrane segments migrating there and eventually fusing with the parasite membranes, presumably at the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM). Finally, the cholesterol-containing segments were seen to surround the parasite nucleus. Our imaging data suggest that a novel membrane transport system operates in the cytosol of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes as a cholesterol import system, likely between the PVM and the erythrocyte membrane, and that this transportation process occurs during the live erythrocyte stages of P. falciparum.
Mechano-biological adaptation of the pulmonary artery exposed to systemic conditions
Authors: Vanderveken Emma , Vastmans Julie , Claus Piet , Verbeken Eric , Fehervary Heleen , Van Hoof Lucas , Vandendriessche Katrien , Verbrugghe Peter , Famaey Nele , Rega Filip 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCardiac surgeries may expose pulmonary arterial tissue to systemic conditions, potentially resulting in failure of that tissue. Our goal was to quantitatively assess pulmonary artery adaptation due to changes in mechanical environment. In 17 sheep, we placed a pulmonary autograft in aortic position, with or without macroporous mesh reinforcement. It was exposed to systemic conditions for 6 months. All sheep underwent 3 ECG-gated MRI’s. Explanted tissue was subjected to mechanical and histological analysis. Results showed progressive dilatation of the unreinforced autograft, while reinforced autografts stabilized after two months. Some unreinforced pulmonary autograft samples displayed more aorta-like mechanical behavior with increased collagen deposition. The mechanical behavior of reinforced autografts was dominated by the mesh. The decrease in media thickness and loss of vascular smooth muscle cells was more pronounced in reinforced than in unreinforced autografts. In conclusion, altering the mechanical environment of a pulmonary artery causes changes in its mechano-biological properties.
Scaling in the recovery of urban transportation systems from massive events
Authors: Bassolas Aleix , Gallotti Riccardo , Lamanna Fabio , Lenormand Maxime , Ramasco José J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPublic transportation is a fundamental infrastructure for life in cities. Although its capacity is prepared for daily demand, congestion may rise when huge crowds gather in demonstrations, concerts or sport events. In this work, we study the robustness of public transportation networks by means of a stylized model mimicking individual mobility through the system. We find scaling relations in the delay suffered by both event participants and other citizens doing their usual traveling in the background. The delay is a function of the number of participants and the event location. The model is solved analytically in lattices proving the existence of scaling relations and the connection of their exponents to the local dimension. Thereafter, extensive and systematic simulations in eight worldwide cities reveal that a newly proposed measure of local dimension explains the exponents found in the network recovery. Our methodology allows to dynamically probe the local dimensionality of a transportation network and identify the most vulnerable spots in cities for the celebration of massive events.
Identification of flocculant wine yeast strains with improved filtration-related phenotypes through application of high-throughput sedimentation rate assays
Authors: Varela Cristian , Bartel Caroline , Nandorfy Damian Espinase , Borneman Anthony , Schmidt Simon , Curtin Chris 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn most yeast-driven biotechnological applications, biomass is separated from the aqueous phase after fermentation or production has finished. During winemaking, yeasts are removed after fermentation by racking, filtration, or centrifugation, which add costs to the overall process and may reduce product yield. Theoretically, clarification and filtration can be aided through use of yeast strains that form flocs due to cell-cell binding, a process known as flocculation. However, because early flocculation can cause stuck/sluggish fermentations, this phenotype is not common amongst commercially available wine yeasts. In this study we sought to identify wine strains that exhibit late-fermentation flocculant behaviour using two complementary approaches; a high-throughput sedimentation rate assay of individual strains and a competitive sedimentation assay using a barcoded yeast collection. Amongst 103 wine strains, several exhibited strong sedimentation at the end of the wine fermentation process under various environmental conditions. Two of these strains, AWRI1688 and AWRI1759, were further characterised during red winemaking trials. Shiraz wines produced with both strains displayed improved filtration-related properties. AWRI1759 produced wines with greater filterability, whereas AWRI1688 enabled the recovery of larger wine volumes after racking. Thus, this study demonstrates the effective use of sedimentation screening assays to identify wine yeasts with practical winemaking applications.
Effect of mannan oligosaccharides on the microbiota and productivity parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp under intensive cultivation in Ecuador
Authors: Gainza Oreste , Romero Jaime 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe white leg Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp is of importance to the eastern Pacific fisheries and aquaculture industry but suffer from diseases such as the recently emerged early mortality syndrome. Many bacterial pathogens have been identified but the L. vannamei microbiota is still poorly known. Using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach, this work evaluated the impact of the inclusion in the diet of mannan oligosaccharide, (MOS, 0.5% w/w), over the L. vannamei microbiota and production behavior of L. vannamei under intensive cultivation in Ecuador. The MOS supplementation lasted for 60 days, after which the shrimp in the ponds were harvested, and the production data were collected. MOS improved productivity outcomes by increasing shrimp survival by 30%. NGS revealed quantitative differences in the shrimp microbiota between MOS and control conditions. In the treatment with inclusion of dietary MOS, the predominant phylum was Actinobacteria (28%); while the control group was dominated by the phylum Proteobacteria (30%). MOS has also been linked to an increased prevalence of Lactococcus- and Verrucomicrobiaceae-like bacteria. Furthermore, under the treatment of MOS, the prevalence of potential opportunistic pathogens, like Vibrio, Aeromonas, Bergeyella and Shewanella, was negligible. This may be attributable to MOS blocking the adhesion of pathogens to the surfaces of the host tissues. Together, these findings point to the fact that the performance (survival) improvements of the dietary MOS may be linked to the impact on the microbiota, since bacterial lines with pathogenic potential towards shrimps were excluded in the gut.
Analysis of inflammatory mediators in the vitreous humor of eyes with pan-uveitis according to aetiological classification
Authors: Fukunaga Hisako , Kaburaki Toshikatsu , Shirahama Shintaro , Tanaka Rie , Murata Hiroshi , Sato Tomohito , Takeuchi Masaru , Tozawa Hideto , Urade Yoshihiro , Katsura Mari , Kobayashi Mika , Wada Youichiro , Soga Hirotsugu , Kawashima Hidetoshi , Kohro Takahide , Aihara Makoto 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTreatment of uveitis is complicated because of its multiple aetiologies and elevation of various inflammatory mediators. To determine the mediators that are elevated in the vitreous humor according to the aetiology of the uveitis, we examined the concentrations of 21 inflammatory cytokines, 7 chemokines, and 5 colony-stimulating/growth factors in vitreous samples from 57 eyes with uveitis associated with intraocular lymphoma (IOL, n = 13), sarcoidosis (n = 15), acute retinal necrosis (ARN, n = 13), or bacterial endophthalmitis (BE, n = 16). Samples from eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (n = 15), which is not associated with uveitis, were examined as controls. Heat map analysis demonstrated that the patterns of inflammatory mediators in the vitreous humor in eyes with uveitis were disease-specific. Pairwise comparisons between the 5 diseases showed specific elevation of interferon-α2 in ARN and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in BE. Pairwise comparisons between IOL, ARN, and BE revealed that levels of IL-10 in IOL, RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) in ARN, and IL-22 in BE were significantly higher than those in the other 2 types of uveitis. These mediators are likely to be involved in the immunopathology of specific types of uveitis and may be useful biomarkers.
Noninvasive models for predicting poor prognosis of chronic HBV infection patients precipitating acute HEV infection
Authors: Li Qiang , Chen Chong , Huang Chenlu , Xu Wei , Hu Qiankun , Chen Liang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection contributes to a considerable proportion of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to predict the prognosis of chronic HBV infection patients precipitating acute HEV infection. A total of 193 patients were enrolled in this study. The performances of three chronic liver disease prognostic models (CTP score, MELD score, and CLIF-C ADs) were analyzed for predicting the development of ACLF following HEV superimposing chronic HBV infection. Subsequently, the performances of five ACLF prognostic assessment models (CTP score, MELD score, CLIF-C ACLFs, CLIF-C OFs, and COSSH-ACLFs) were analyzed for predicting the outcome of those ACLF patients. Of 193 chronic HBV infection patients precipitating acute HEV infection, 13 patients were diagnosed ACLF on admission, 54 patients developed to ACLF after admission, and 126 patients had non-ACLF during the stay in hospital. For predicting the development of ACLF, CTP score yielded a significantly higher AUROC compared with MELD score and CLIF-C ADs (0.92, 0.88, and 0.86, respectively; allp < 0.05). For predicting the poor prognosis of ACLF patients, the COSSH-ACLFs yielded a significantly higher AUROC compared with CLIF-C ACLFs, CLIF-C OFs, MELD score, and CTP score (0.89, 0.83, 0.81, 0.67, and 0.58, respectively; allp < 0.05). In conclusion, the stepwise application of CTP score and COSSH-ACLFs can predict the prognosis of chronic HBV infection patients precipitating acute HEV infection.
Modulation in the elastic properties of gastrocnemius muscle heads in individuals with plantar fasciitis and its relationship with pain
Authors: Zhou Ji-Ping , Yu Jia-Feng , Feng Ya-Nan , Liu Chun-Long , Su Pan , Shen Su-Hong , Zhang Zhi-Jie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the passive stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) in patients with and without plantar fasciitis (PF), (2) to explore the correlation between gastrocnemius stiffness and plantar fascia thickness (PFT) as well as the intensity of pain in patients with PF, (3) to detect optimal cut-off points for stiffness of the MG and LG for identifying patients with PF. Forty patients (mean age = 51.1 years ± 12.9) participated in this study. The elastic properties of the MG and LG were quantified using shear wave elastography ultrasound. The thickness of the plantar fascia was measured by B-mode imaging. The intensity of pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale. The results showed that when the ankle was in the relaxed position, patients with PF had increased passive stiffness in the MG (P < 0.05) but not in the LG. Significant correlations were found between pain and the stiffness of the MG (middle, distal; all P-values < 0.05) and no correlation was observed between pain and PFT (P = 0.416). The initial cut-off point for the stiffness of the MG was 29.08 kPa when the ankle was in the relaxed position. The findings from the present study show that an increase in muscle stiffness is not the same in the individual muscles of the gastrocnemius muscle. Traditional treatment of the whole gastrocnemius muscle might not be targeted at the tight muscle.
Constipação Intestinal: Abordagem Medicamentosa e não Medicamentosa
Authors: da Cruz Fabiano Robert Neves 
Published: February 2020

RESUMOA constipação intestinal é uma condição prevalente, tanto em adultos quanto em crianças. Os critérios clínicos para seu tratamento estão bem estabelecidos e, diferentes abordagens não-medicamentosas (fibras, hidratação, atividade física, hábito intestinal regular, biofeedback, injeção de toxina botulínica, cirurgia) e medicamentosas (laxativos e purgativos) têm sido propostas para intervir no problema. No entanto, sustentado pela mídia, em caráter puramente comercial e, às vezes, indevidamente sustentado por orientação médica, mesmo com sua eficácia e segurança pouco evidenciada em estudos controlados, o uso de laxativos persiste como forma de tratamento da constipação intestinal. Os laxantes e purgantes podem ser necessários dentro de um preparo pré-operatório, para procedimentos radiológicos e endoscópicos, entre outros motivos e, excepcionalmente, sob supervisão médica, como adjuvante inicial, no tratamento da constipação.
Retinolemia em escolares eutróficos e com sobrepeso
Authors: Almeida Ane C.F. , Ferraz Ivan S. , Weffort Virgínia R.S. 
Published: February 2020

RESUMO
Objetivos: Verificar a frequência de escolares eutróficos e com sobrepeso que apresentam deficiência de vitamina A e estudar a relação existente entre as concentrações séricas de retinol e o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), percentual de gordura e a medida da circunferência abdominal do grupo de crianças eutróficas e com sobrepeso. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico realizado com escolares de 8 a 10 anos de idade provenientes de escolas municipais de Uberaba (MG). A amostra foi constituída de oitenta escolares pareados por idade e sexo, sendo quarenta escolares eutróficos e quarenta com sobrepeso. Resultados: Observou-se que 25% dos escolares com sobrepeso e 20% dos escolares eutróficos apresentaram concentrações séricas de retinol deficientes. Não houve diferença significante entre as médias das concentrações de retinol sérico no grupo de escolares eutróficos e com sobrepeso. Não foram observadas correlações significantes entre as concentrações séricas de retinol e IMC, medida da circunferência abdominal e porcentagem de gordura corporal medida pela impedância bioelétrica em ambos os grupos de escolares. Conclusão: Os resultados mostram uma alta prevalência de concentrações séricas deficientes de retinol, as quais não estão relacionadas ao percentual de gordura corporal e medida de circunferência abdominal, em dois grupos de escolares saudáveis, sendo um grupo eutrófico e outro, com sobrepeso.
Manejo nutrológico no pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica
Authors: Ramos Camila Perlin , de Mello Elza Daniel 
Published: February 2020

RESUMOA obesidade é uma das maiores epidemias deste século e está associada a diversas comorbidades, levando à piora da qualidade de vida e longevidade. Obesidade está relacionada com fatores genéticos e ambientais e é caracterizada por alteração da composição corporal, onde há maior oferta que gasto energético, propiciando o acúmulo de gordura corporal. A Cirurgia Bariátrica (CB) é um método eficaz para perda de peso sustentada em pacientes obesos, sendo a Cirurgia de By-pass gástrico em Y de Roux (BGYR) a técnica mais empregada no Brasil. CB é definida por um procedimento que altera o trato gastrointestinal, levando à redução da capacidade calórica e redução da absorção. Os pacientes que se submetem a CB apresentam risco para deficiências nutricionais no pós-operatório (PO) e a obesidade por si está relacionada a algumas deficiências. As deficiências nutricionais no PO podem ser atribuídas a diversos fatores como a deficiência pré-cirúrgica, ingestão alimentar reduzida, suplementação inadequada, má-absorção de nutrientes e terapia nutrológica inadequada, como a falta de monitorização ou ausência de seguimento PO. As deficiências mais comuns são de ferro, proteína, cálcio, folato, tiamina, zinco, cobre e vitaminas D, B12, A, C e K. A adequada orientação, monitoramento e acompanhamento no PO são ações fundamentais na identificação e/ou na prevenção destas deficiências.
Liraglutideas Adjunct Therapy in the Management of Obesity
Authors: Cersosimo Eugenio , Filho Durval Ribas 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThe obesity epidemic has reached a new level with some impressive numbers recently published in the United States of America. Even more alarming is the rapid increase in childhood obesity, which has been universally documented over the past few decades. The reasons underlying the problem of obesity can be simplified into three categories: i) routine consumption of bigger portion size meals; ii) confusing messages from food industry to consumers; and iii) physical inactivity is the “new normal”. Considering that the medical consequences of obesity are serious and directly affect morbidity and mortality, it has become necessary to act concomitantly to prevent and treat the increase in body weight and fat excess accumulation. The prevention of obesity is a formidable task that can only be accomplished with a concerted effort put together by several governmental agencies, especially those interested in agriculture, health and education, the food industry and health care providers, including physicians and nutrition specialists. Treatment of obesity with behavioral management, nutritional manipulations (“diets”) and, even bariatric surgery has had some success, but these strategies are accompanied by limited benefits and only to a select group of individuals. More importantly, the overall impact of these on the growing obesity pandemic is disappointing, at best. Some dietary recommendations with caloric restriction and adjustments in nutrient intake combined to pharmacotherapy have expanded our ability to manage obese patients.The recent approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) agency of the Glucagon-Like-Peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor analog liraglutide, at the dose of 3.0 mg once daily, has provided us with an additional tool to combat the disease and minimize its complications. In this particular study, a significant reduction in the conversion ratesfrom pre-diabetes to diabetes was also shown and represents an important findingof the trial. Despite the fact that nausea, vomiting and diarrhea were frequently reported during the 1-year period of observation, tolerance was acceptable and most subjects completed the study.These data clearly indicate that combination drug therapy with dietary adjustments can be successful in promoting weight reduction and further support routine utilization of adjuvant pharmacotherapy in the management of obesity.
Ortorexia nervosa: um desafio para o nutrólogo
Authors: Luna Carolina de Almeida , Belmonte Terezinha de Souza Agra 
Published: February 2020

RESUMOIntrodução: A ortorexia nervosa é um comportamento obsessivo-patológico relacionado à fixação por saúde alimentar. Esse quadro clínico ainda não foi oficialmente reconhecido como transtorno alimentar, não estando presente no DSM-V. Porém, discute-se na literatura o conceito da ortorexia nervosa, que inclui suas características, interações, sinais e sintomas e tratamento. Revisão: No presente trabalho foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática de quarenta e três artigos publicados desde 1997 no intuito de mapear o conhecimento sobre a ortorexia até o presente momento. Este trabalho enfocou a importância da atuação do médico nutrólogo no diagnóstico e acompanhamento desses pacientes conjuntamente a uma equipe multidisciplinar. A importância do delineamento dos grupos de risco, critérios diagnósticos e criação de métodos auxiliares como o teste ORTO-15 são fundamentais para o diagnóstico precoce desses pacientes tanto na esfera ambulatorial quanto na epidemiológica. O tratamento da ortorexia exige uma equipe multidisciplinar, envolvendo médicos nutrólogos, médicos psiquiatras, psicólogos, nutricionistas, educador físico. Em alguns casos, as drogas antiserotoninérgicas podem ser exigidas como parte do tratamento. Conclusão: Conclui-se que são necessárias mais pesquisas de prevalência populacional, relatos de casos clínicos e investimento na definição dos critérios diagnósticos para esse transtorno alimentar ser categorizado como uma patologia.