bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connexin43 and connexin50 channels exhibit different permeability to the second messenger inositol triphosphate
Authors: Valiunas Virginijus , White Thomas W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGap junction channels made of different connexins have distinct permeability to second messengers, which could affect many cell processes, including lens epithelial cell division. Here, we have compared the permeability of IP3 and Ca2+ through channels made from two connexins, Cx43 and Cx50, that are highly expressed in vertebrate lens epithelial cells. Solute transfer was measured while simultaneously monitoring junctional conductance via dual whole-cell/perforated patch clamp. HeLa cells expressing Cx43 or Cx50 were loaded with Fluo-8, and IP3 or Ca2+ were delivered via patch pipette to one cell of a pair, or to a monolayer while fluorescence intensity changes were recorded. Cx43 channels were permeable to IP3 and Ca2+. Conversely, Cx50 channels were impermeable to IP3, while exhibiting high permeation of Ca2+. Reduced Cx50 permeability to IP3 could play a role in regulating cell division and homeostasis in the lens.
Urine Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin (NGAL) for Prediction of Persistent AKI and Major Adverse Kidney Events
Authors: Lumlertgul Nuttha , Amprai Monpraween , Tachaboon Sasipha , Dinhuzen Janejira , Peerapornratana Sadudee , Kerr Stephen J , Srisawat Nattachai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe aimed to determine whether urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) can accurately predict persistent AKI, major adverse kidney events at 30 days (MAKE30) and 365 days (MAKE365) in hospitalized AKI patients. This is a retrospective study of adult patients who were admitted at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. We performed multivariable logistic regression for persistent AKI, MAKE30, and MAKE365. We developed equations for predicting MAKE30 and MAKE365 and divided the dataset into derivation and validation cohorts. uNGAL performance and predictive models were assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AROC). Among 1,322 patients with AKI, 76.9%, 45.1%, and 61.7% had persistent AKI, MAKE30, and MAKE365. The AROC were 0.75 (95% confidence interval[CI] 0.70–0.80), 0.66 (95%CI 0.61–0.71), and 0.64 (95%CI 0.59–0.70) for prediction of persistent AKI, MAKE30, and MAKE365 by uNGAL. The AROC in the validation dataset combining uNGAL with clinical covariates were 0.74 (95%CI 0.69–0.79) and 0.72 (95%CI 0.67–0.77) for MAKE30 and MAKE365. We demonstrated an association between uNGAL and persistent AKI, MAKE30, and MAKE365. Prediction models combining uNGAL can modestly predict MAKE30 and MAKE365. Therefore, uNGAL is a useful tool for improving AKI risk stratification.
Dihydroartemisinin initiates ferroptosis in glioblastoma through GPX4 inhibition
Authors: Yi Renxin , Wang Handong , Deng Chulei , Wang Xinyue , Yao Lei , Niu Wenhao , Fei Maoxing , Zhaba Wangdui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
It has been demonstrated from previous studies about the killing effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on glioblastoma, which involves multiple aspects: cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and invasion inhibition. DHA has the advantages of low cytotoxicity to normal cells, selective killing effect and low drug resistance, making it one of the popular anti-tumor research directions. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of cell death characterized by iron dependence and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. In the present study, we found differences in the expression of transferrin receptors in normal human astrocytes (NHA) and glioblastoma cells (U87 and A172), which may be one of the mechanisms of DHA selective killing effect. Through the determination of ferroptosis-related protein expression, we found that the significant decrease of GPX4, accompanied by the constant expression of xCT and ACSL4, suggesting GPX4 was a pivotal target for DHA-activated ferroptosis in glioblastoma. Total and lipid ROS levels were increased and all these results could be reversed by the ferroptosis inhibitor, ferrostatin-1. These findings demonstrated ferroptosis would be a critical component of cell death caused by DHA and GPX4 was the main target. All these results provide a novel treatment direction to glioblastoma. The association between ferroptosis and polyamines is also discussed, which will provide new research directions for ferroptosis caused by DHA in glioblastoma.
Adipose stem cells in obesity: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Shin Sunhye , El-Sabbagh Asma S. , Lukas Brandon E. , Tanneberger Skylar J. , Jiang Yuwei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Adipose tissue, the storage of excessive energy in the body, secretes various proteins called adipokines, which connect the body’s nutritional status to the regulation of energy balance. Obesity triggers alterations of quantity and quality of various types of cells that reside in adipose tissue, including adipose stem cells (ASCs; referred to as adipose-derived stem/stromal cells in vitro). These alterations in the functionalities and properties of ASCs impair adipose tissue remodeling and adipose tissue function, which induces low-grade systemic inflammation, progressive insulin resistance, and other metabolic disorders. In contrast, the ability of ASCs to recruit new adipocytes when faced with caloric excess leads to healthy adipose tissue expansion, associated with lower amounts of inflammation, fibrosis, and insulin resistance. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the identity of ASCs and their roles in adipose tissue development, homeostasis, expansion, and thermogenesis, and how these roles go awry in obesity. A better understanding of the biology of ASCs and their adipogenesis may lead to novel therapeutic targets for obesity and metabolic disease.
Dust evolution across the Horsehead nebula
Authors: Schirmer T. , Abergel A. , Verstraete L. , Ysard N. , Juvela M. , Jones A. P. , Habart E. 
Published: May 2020

Context. Micro-physical processes on interstellar dust surfaces are tightly connected to dust properties (i.e. dust composition, size, and shape) and play a key role in numerous phenomena in the interstellar medium (ISM). The large disparity in physical conditions (i.e. density and gas temperature) in the ISM triggers an evolution of dust properties. The analysis of how dust evolves with the physical conditions is a stepping stone towards a more thorough understanding of interstellar dust.
Aims. We highlight dust evolution in the Horsehead nebula photon-dominated region.
Methods. We used Spitzer/IRAC (3.6, 4.5, 5.8 and 8 μm) and Spitzer/MIPS (24 μm) together with Herschel/PACS (70 and 160 μm) and Herschel/SPIRE (250, 350 and 500 μm) to map the spatial distribution of dust in the Horsehead nebula over the entire emission spectral range. We modelled dust emission and scattering using the THEMIS interstellar dust model together with the 3D radiative transfer code SOC.
Results. We find that the nano-grain dust-to-gas ratio in the irradiated outer part of the Horsehead is 6–10 times lower than in the diffuse ISM. The minimum size of these grains is 2–2.25 times larger than in the diffuse ISM, and the power-law exponent of their size distribution is 1.1–1.4 times lower than in the diffuse ISM. In the denser part of the Horsehead nebula, it is necessary to use evolved grains (i.e. aggregates, with or without an ice mantle).
Conclusions. It is not possible to explain the observations using grains from the diffuse medium. We therefore propose the following scenario to explain our results. In the outer part of the Horsehead nebula, all the nano-grain have not yet had time to re-form completely through photo-fragmentation of aggregates and the smallest of the nano-grain that are sensitive to the radiation field are photo-destroyed. In the inner part of the Horsehead nebula, grains most likely consist of multi-compositional mantled aggregates.
Teleophthalmopathologie mittels Whole Slide Imaging (WSI): klinisch-pathologische Korrelation auch ohne eigenes histologisches Labor
Authors: Auw-Hädrich Claudia , Jedynak Andreas , Reinhard Thomas , Döring Constanze , Lang Stefan J. 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Telepathologie hat während der vergangenen beiden Dekaden aufgrund signifikanter Fortschritte im IT-Bereich ein enormes Wachstum erfahren und in der Ophthalmopathologie zur Einführung innovativer Lösungen für die Digitalbilderzeugung geführt. Das Digitalisieren ganzer Schnitte (Whole Slide Imaging, WSI), bei der herkömmliche Glasobjektträger vollständig gescannt werden, bietet eine Vielzahl von Anwendungsmöglichkeiten, darunter in der (konsiliarischen) Ferndiagnostik, beim Einholen von Zweitmeinungen sowie in (Fern-)Lehre, Forschung und Präsentation. Neben qualifiziertem und erfahrenem Personal war bislang auch eine vergleichsweise hochpreisige apparative Grundausstattung wesentliche Voraussetzung. Der Schwerpunkt Ophthalmopathologie an der Klinik für Augenheilkunde in Freiburg hat die Möglichkeit, eine de facto unbegrenzte Zahl von Anwendern und Konsilpartnern (auch in Übersee) orts-, geräte- und zeitunabhängig in die digitale Mikroskopie identischer Schnitte
einzubeziehen. Dies geschieht lediglich mithilfe des Internets. Dieses Vorgehen hat sich ausgezeichnet bewährt und erschließt nicht nur für eine korrekte Diagnosestellung (klinisch-pathologische Korrelation), sondern auch für die Aus- und Weiterbildung vollkommen neue Möglichkeiten. Auf die Anfertigung und Verteilung weiterer histologischer Schnitte neben dem eingescannten Schnitt kann z. B. bei kleinen Präparaten mit wenig Material ebenso verzichtet werden wie auf die Beschaffung von Mikroskopen für die Teilnehmer von Lehre und Fortbildung etwa bei fehlenden Mitteln oder ungeeigneter Infrastruktur. Bei der Datenübermittlung ist die Beachtung datenschutzrechtlicher Vorgaben unerlässlich.
Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome and Platelet Function Defects during Extracorporeal Life Support (Mechanical Circulatory Support)
Authors: Schlagenhauf Axel , Kalbhenn Johannes , Geisen Ulrich , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Zieger Barbara 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPatients with ventricular assist devices (VADs) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) suffer from an increased risk for thromboembolic events as well as for hemorrhages. High shear stress in the mechanical device results in acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS), characterized by a loss of high-molecular-weight multimers of von Willebrand factor (VWF) leading to an increased bleeding risk. Onset of AVWS occurs within hours, persists during the whole period of mechanical support, and subsides rapidly after explantation. Patients with the older HeartMate II exhibit more severe AVWS than those with the newer HeartMate III, thanks to lower shear stress in the latter. All ECMO and VAD patients exhibit thrombocytopathia and often thrombocytopenia which further increases the bleeding risk. Etiological models for AVWS are increased cleavage by the metalloproteinase ADAMSTS13, mechanical destruction of VWF, and shear-induced VWF binding to platelets. Platelet secretion defects may be caused by transient platelet activation leading to degranulation. AVWS can be diagnosed by detection of VWF multimers using gel-electrophoresis and functional assays of varying sensitivity (VWF ristocetin cofactor activity, VWF activity, VWF collagen binding). Platelet dysfunction is monitored using light transmission aggregometry and secretion defects are detectable using flow cytometry. Modest use of anticoagulants and a target-controlled therapy based on VWF parameters and other coagulation and platelet parameters are shown to be beneficial in this patient group. Persistent hemorrhages may be controlled with tranexamic acid and platelet concentrates. Prompt weaning from the device, when indicated, is the best therapeutic option to prevent recurrent bleeding.
A cadaveric study of anatomical variations of fissures and lobes of lung
Authors: Singh A K , Niranjan Richa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background and aim: The anatomical variations of fissures and lobes of lungs have been described by many research workers on CT scans, whereas, there were fewer studies done on gross anatomical specimens. Materials and methods: In the present study, 30 embalmed cadavers have been dissected and lungs were examined for fissures and lobes. Results: Nine out of 30 left lungs showed incomplete oblique fissures. Eight out of 30 right lungs showed incomplete transverse fissure but oblique fissure was complete, and in two right lungs, incomplete oblique and transverse fissures were found. In one cadaver one accessory lobe and one accessory fissure was present, on right side. Comparative analysis of present work with data in literature suggest that different studies performed on radiological images reported greater prevalence of incomplete or absence of pulmonary fissures as compared to present cadaveric study. Therefore our findings with regard to fissures and lobes are different from many studies but are approximately similar to two. Conclusion: Variation of lung anatomy is important for cardio-thoracic surgeons, radiologists for interpreting x-rays, CT scans and MRI and also it is of academic interest to all medical persons.
Acute Improvement in Intraoperative EMG During Common Fibular Nerve Decompression in Patients with Symptomatic Diabetic Sensorimotor Peripheral Neuropathy: EMG and Clinical Attribute Interrelations
Authors: Yamasaki Dwayne S. , Nickerson D. Scott , Anderson James C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Study Aims Electromyographic (EMG) recordings of the fibularis longus and tibialis anterior muscles were performed intraoperatively during nerve decompression (ND) of the common fibular nerve (CFN) in patients with symptomatic diabetic sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy. Patient demographics and clinical attributes were compared against changes in EMG after ND and analyzed for possible correlations.
Methods Intraoperative changes in CFN EMG were analyzed for correlations against sex, age, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (A1c), and type and duration of diabetes.
Results Statistically significant changes were found between EMG changes and patient attributes, but no individual correlations were established. Significant EMG improvement was observed for both men and women (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05, respectively), age groups (4th decade: p < 0.05; 5th decade: p < 0.05; 6th decade: p < 0.01; 7th decade: p < 0.005), diabetes duration (0–9 years: p = 0.002; 10–19 years: p = 0.002; 20–29 years: p = 0.03), and for type 1 and 2 diabetes (type 1: p < 0.005; type 2: p < 0.001). EMG improvement was greater in patients with the highest BMI levels (30–34.9: p = 0.014; 35–39.9: p = 0.013; > 39.9: p = 0.043), and highest A1c levels (> 6.4%; p < 0.0001).
Conclusion Although long-term clinical studies are needed, these results provide insight into which patients might benefit most from this surgery. These results also suggest that surgical ND can produce an acute improvement in nerve function for both men and women, for people with type 1 and 2 diabetes, and across a wide range of ages, BMI, A1c levels, and disease duration.
Ashamed and Alone—Risk Factors for Alcohol Craving Among Depressed Emerging Adults
Authors: Bilevicius Elena , Clark Courtney C , Johnson Edward A , Keough Matthew T 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aims
Comorbid alcohol use and depression have the highest prevalence among emerging adults and are associated with a number of consequences. Self-medication theory posits individuals with depression use alcohol to cope with their negative emotions. Preliminary work has investigated the social context of depression-related drinking and found that solitary drinking is a risky, atypical behaviour in emerging adulthood that is associated with alcohol misuse. However, it is unknown about what is unfolding in the moment that is driving depression-related drinking in solitary contexts. Accordingly, we used an experimental study to examine if shame mediated the association between depression and in-lab alcohol craving.

Methods
Emerging adults (N = 80) completed a shame induction followed by an alcohol cue exposure in either a solitary or social condition. We used moderated mediation to test hypotheses.

Results
Consistent with hypotheses, conditional indirect effects supported the mediation of depression and alcohol craving through shame among those in the solitary condition, but not in the social condition. There was no support for guilt as a mediator.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that shame is a specific emotional experience that contributes to solitary drinking among depressed emerging adults. It is important to use these results to inform interventions that directly target solitary contexts and shame.
Acorn woodpeckers vocally discriminate current and former group members from nongroup members
Authors: Pardo Michael A , Hayes Casey E , Walters Eric L , Koenig Walter D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In species with long-term social relationships, the ability to recognize individuals after extended separation and the ability to discriminate between former social affiliates that have died and those that have left the group but may return are likely to be beneficial. Few studies, however, have investigated whether animals can make these discriminations. We presented acorn woodpeckers (Melanerpes formicivorus), a group-living, cooperatively breeding bird, with playbacks of current group members, former group members still living nearby, former group members that had died or left the study area, and familiar nongroup members. Subjects responded more quickly to the calls of nongroup members than to the calls of current group members or former group members still living in the study area but did not discriminate between nongroup members and former group members that had died or disappeared. This suggests that acorn woodpeckers can vocally recognize both current group members and former group members that have dispersed to nearby groups and that they either forget former group members that no longer live in the vicinity or classify them differently from former group members that still live nearby. This study suggests an important role for vocal recognition in maintaining valuable relationships with social affiliates postdispersal.
The Role of Education in Developing Students’ Professional Resilience for Social Work Practice: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Hitchcock Clarissa , Hughes Mark , McPherson Lynne , Whitaker Louise 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Social work practitioners are called on to be resilient in an increasingly complex and challenging human service environment. This study presents the results of a systematic scoping review aimed at understanding the role of social work education in developing students’ professional resilience in preparation for their future social work practice. The application of a comprehensive search strategy resulted in the inclusion of thirty-two articles, published between 2008 and 2018. A descriptive thematic analysis highlighted the political and contextual influences on this recent and emerging body of literature, together with three key themes. These themes centred around education building resilience through screening social work applicants, targeted knowledge provision and inclusive educational processes. The findings draw attention to the emphasis on social workers being individually responsible and accountable for their professional resilience, with this potentially reinforced and facilitated through education processes. The findings identify the need for future research to investigate environmental influences on social workers’ resilience, including how educators support students to understand and shape them.
Arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction versus latissimus dorsi transfer for irreparable rotator cuff lesions: a systematic review
Authors: Osti Leonardo , Milani Lorenzo , Gerace Emanuele , Padovani Sara , Massari Leo , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The present systematic review compared arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction (ASCR) and latissimus dorsi transfer (ALDT) for the management of massive irreparable rotator cuff lesions.

Sources of data
We performed a systematic review searching the literature on Medline, Cochrane and Scopus databases, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Areas of agreement
We included a total of 20 articles, 10 on ASCR and 10 on ALDT (12 retrospective and 8 prospective studies), all published between 2013 and 2019.

Areas of controversy
ASCR and ALDT are technical demanding procedures. When compared to each other, they do not produce significantly different improvements in clinical outcome.

Growing points
Both ASCR and ALDT are valid options for surgical management of MIRCLs. Although ALDT has shown a greater complication rate and a less improvement in acromion-humeral distance, its clinical outcomes overlap those obtained with ASCR.

Areas timely for developing research
Further comparative prospective and retrospective studies with longer follow-up could confirm which surgical procedure can lead to better outcomes with a lower complication rate.
Christian Bioethics: Immanent Goals or a Transcendent Orientation?
Authors: Cherry Mark J 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis issue of Christian Bioethics explores foundational debates regarding the orientation and application of Christian bioethics. Should Christian bioethics be approached as essentially a human activity, grounded in scholarly study of theological arguments and religious virtues, oriented toward practical social ends, or should Christian bioethics be recognized as the result of properly oriented prayer, fasting, and asceticism leading to an encounter with God? The gulf between these two general perspectives—the creation of immanent human goods versus submission to a fully transcendent God—is significant and, as ongoing debate in Christian Bioethics: Non-Ecumenical Studies in Medical Morality over the past nearly three decades has made clear, the implications are both intellectually engaging and spiritually profound.
Asymptomatic Transmission During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic and Implications for Public Health Strategies
Authors: Huff Hanalise V , Singh Avantika 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly in a few months despite global public health strategies to curb transmission by testing symptomatic patients and social distancing. This review summarizes evidence that highlights transmission by asymptomatic and presymptomatic individuals. Viral load of asymptomatic and symptomatic cases is comparable. Viral shedding is highest before symptom onset, suggesting high transmissibility before symptoms. Within universally tested subgroups, high percentages of SARS-CoV-2 infected asymptomatic individuals were found. Asymptomatic transmission was reported in several clusters, including a Wuhan study showing an alarming rate of intrahospital transmission. Several countries reported higher prevalence among healthcare workers than general population raising concern that healthcare workers could act as silent vectors. Therefore, current strategies that rely solely on “symptom onset” for infection identification need urgent reassessment. Extensive universal testing irrespective of symptoms may be considered, with priority placed on groups with high frequency exposure to positive patients.