bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resident attitudes and benefits of mock oral board examinations in radiation oncology
Authors: Peters Gabrielle W. , Decker Roy H. , Park Henry S. , Yu James B. , Evans Suzanne B. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Presently, educational programming is not standardized across radiation oncology (RO) training programs. Specifically, there are limited materials through national organizations or structured practice exams for residents preparing for the American Board of Radiology (ABR) oral board examination. We present our 2019 experience implementing a formalized program of early mock oral board examinations (MOBE) for residents in post-graduate years (PGY) 3–5.

Methods
A mixed-methods survey regarding MOBE perception and self-reported comfort across five clinical domains were administered to PGY2–5 residents. MOBEs and a post-intervention survey were implemented for the PGY3–5. The pre and post-intervention score across clinical domains were compared using t-tests. Faculty and residents were asked for post-intervention comments.

Results
A total of 14 PGY2–5 residents completed the pre-intervention survey; 9 residents participated in the MOBE (5/14 residents were PGY2s) and post-intervention survey. This was the first mock oral radiation oncology examination experience for 65% of residents. 100% of residents felt the MOBE increased their clinical knowledge and comfort with clinical reasoning. Overall, there was a trend towards improved resident confidence giving planning dose parameters and (p = 0.08). There was also unanimous request for more MOBE experiences from residents and faculty, but time was identified as a significant barrier.

Conclusions
Future directions for this MOBE program are inclusion of more disease sites, better emulation of the exam, the creation of a more rigorous consolidated format testing all sites at once, and consideration for grading of these sessions for future correlation with certifying oral board examination (OBE) performance.
How is self-regulated learning documented in e-portfolios of trainees? A content analysis
Authors: van der Gulden R. , Heeneman S. , Kramer A. W. M. , Laan R. F. J. M. , Scherpbier-de Haan N. D. , Thoonen B. P. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is assumed that portfolios contribute to self-regulated learning (SRL). Presence of these SRL processes within the documentation kept in portfolios is presupposed in common educational practices, such as the assessment of reflective entries. However, questions can be asked considering the presence of SRL within portfolios. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the documentation of SRL processes within the electronic (e)-portfolio content of medical trainees. SRL consists of numerous processes, for this study the focus was on self-assessment via reflection and feedback, goal-setting and planning, and monitoring, as these are the processes that health professions education research mentions to be supported by portfolios.MethodsA database containing 1022 anonymous e-portfolios from General Practitioner trainees was used to provide descriptive statistics of the various available e-portfolio forms. This was followed by a quantitative content analysis of 90 e-portfolios, for which, a codebook was constructed to rate the documentation of the included SRL processes.ResultsThe numbers of forms in the e-portfolios varied to a great extent. Content analysis showed a limited documentation of reflective entries, and available entries mainly described events and experiences without explanations and context. Feedback was generally limited to comments on what went well and lacked specificity, context and suggestions for future action. Learning goals and plans were short of specificity, but did contain challenging topics and different goals were compatible with each other. 75% of the e-portfolios showed (limited) signs of monitoring.ConclusionsThe e-portfolio content showed limited documentation of SRL processes. As documentation of SRL requires time and asks for a high level of introspection and writing skills, one cannot expect documentation of SRL processes to appear in e-portfolio content without efforts.
Health staff experiences with the implementation of early essential newborn care guidelines in Da Nang municipality and Quang Nam province in Viet Nam
Authors: Morseth Marianne S. , Nguyen Tuan T. , Skui Malene , Terragni Laura , Ngo Quang V. , Vu Ha T. T. , Mathisen Roger , Henjum Sigrun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends early essential newborn care (EENC) – The First Embrace – as a simple lifesaving procedure for newborns. The successful implementation of EENC at scale requires an understanding of health staff experiences, including facilitators, barriers, and local adaptations of EENC. This study aims to gain insight into health staff experiences with implementation of EENC guidelines after participation in training and coaching initiatives in Da Nang municipality and Quang Nam province in Viet Nam.

Methods
In each province/municipality, we randomly selected one hospital from the following categories: public provincial/municipal hospital, public district hospital, and private hospital. We conducted in-depth interviews with 19 hospital staff (11 midwives, 5 doctors and 3 health managers) and two trainers during 7 days between September and October 2017. We used deductive/inductive thematic analysis to generate themes.

Results
The health staff reported improved staff and mother satisfaction, and health benefits for both mothers and newborns after implementing EENC. Facilitators to successful implementation were management support for resource allocation and collaboration across departments, and creative demand generation. Barriers included staff shortage, skepticism about the new protocols and practices and challenges translating knowledge and skills from trainings and coaching into practice.

Conclusions
After implementing EENC, through training and coaching using the WHO approach, health staff reported improved staff and mother satisfaction as well as health benefits for both mothers and newborns. An approach to develop competencies, with a focus on practical training and coaching, should be promoted to form, reinforce and sustain recommended EENC practices among health staff.
Addressing challenges for clinical research responses to emerging epidemics and pandemics: a scoping review
Authors: Sigfrid Louise , Maskell Katherine , Bannister Peter G. , Ismail Sharif A. , Collinson Shelui , Regmi Sadie , Blackmore Claire , Harriss Eli , Longuere Kajsa-Stina , Gobat Nina , Horby Peter , Clarke Mike , Carson Gail 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMajor infectious disease outbreaks are a constant threat to human health. Clinical research responses to outbreaks generate evidence to improve outcomes and outbreak control. Experiences from previous epidemics have identified multiple challenges to undertaking timely clinical research responses. This scoping review is a systematic appraisal of political, economic, administrative, regulatory, logistical, ethical and social (PEARLES) challenges to clinical research responses to emergency epidemics and solutions identified to address these.MethodsA scoping review. We searched six databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, PsycINFO, Scopus and Epistemonikos) for articles published from 2008 to July 2018. We included publications reporting PEARLES challenges to clinical research responses to emerging epidemics and pandemics and solutions identified to address these. Two reviewers screened articles for inclusion, extracted and analysed the data.ResultsOf 2678 articles screened, 76 were included. Most presented data relating to the 2014–2016 Ebola virus outbreak or the H1N1 outbreak in 2009. The articles related to clinical research responses in Africa (n = 37), Europe (n = 8), North America (n = 5), Latin America and the Caribbean (n = 3) and Asia (n = 1) and/or globally (n = 22). A wide range of solutions to PEARLES challenges was presented, including a need to strengthen global collaborations and coordination at all levels and develop pre-approved protocols and equitable frameworks, protocols and standards for emergencies. Clinical trial networks and expedited funding and approvals were some solutions implemented. National ownership and community engagement from the outset were a key enabler for delivery. Despite the wide range of recommended solutions, none had been formally evaluated.ConclusionsTo strengthen global preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic and future epidemics, identified solutions for rapid clinical research deployment, delivery, and dissemination must be implemented. Improvements are urgently needed to strengthen collaborations, funding mechanisms, global and national research capacity and capability, targeting regions vulnerable to epidemics and pandemics. Solutions need to be flexible to allow timely adaptations to context, and research led by governments of affected regions. Research communities globally need to evaluate their activities and incorporate lessons learnt to refine and rehearse collaborative outbreak response plans in between epidemics.
Long non-coding RNA profiling of pediatric Medulloblastoma
Authors: Kesherwani Varun , Shukla Mamta , Coulter Don W. , Sharp J. Graham , Joshi Shantaram S. , Chaturvedi Nagendra K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common malignant cancers in children. MB is primarily classified into four subgroups based on molecular and clinical characteristics as (1) WNT (2) Sonic-hedgehog (SHH) (3) Group 3 (4) Group 4. Molecular characteristics used for MB classification are based on genomic and mRNAs profiles. MB subgroups share genomic and mRNA profiles and require multiple molecular markers for differentiation from each other. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are more than 200 nucleotide long RNAs and primarily involve in gene regulation at epigenetic and post-transcriptional levels. LncRNAs have been recognized as diagnostic and prognostic markers in several cancers. However, the lncRNA expression profile of MB is unknown.

Methods
We used the publicly available gene expression datasets for the profiling of lncRNA expression across MB subgroups. Functional analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs was accomplished by Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA).

Results
In the current study, we have identified and validated the lncRNA expression profile across pediatric MB subgroups and associated molecular pathways. We have also identified the prognostic significance of lncRNAs and unique lncRNAs associated with each MB subgroup.

Conclusions
Identified lncRNAs can be used as single biomarkers for molecular identification of MB subgroups that warrant further investigation and functional validation.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Shp2 positively regulates cigarette smoke-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition by mediating MMP-9 production
Authors: Liu Ya-nan , Guan Yan , Shen Jian , Jia Yong-liang , Zhou Jian-cang , Sun Yun , Jiang Jun-xia , Shen Hui-juan , Shu Qiang , Xie Qiang-min , Xie Yicheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCigarette smoke (CS) is a major risk factor for the development of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) commonly coexists in lung cancer and COPD. CS triggers many factors including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) production, contributing to EMT progression in the lungs. Here, how Shp2 signaling regulates the CS-induced MMP-9 production and EMT progression were investigated in mouse lungs and in pulmonary epithelial cell cultures (NCI-H292) found CS induced MMP-9 production, EMT progression (increased vimentin and α-SMA; decreased E-cadherin) and collagen deposition in lung tissues; cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induced MMP-9 production and EMT-related phenotypes in NCI-H292 cells, which were partially prevented by Shp2 KO/KD or Shp2 inhibition. The CSE exposure induced EMT phenotypes were suppressed by MMP-9 inhibition. Recombinant MMP-9 induced EMT, which was prevented by MMP-9 inhibition or Shp2 KD/inhibition. Mechanistically, CS and CSE exposure resulted in ERK1/2, JNK and Smad2/3 phosphorylation, which were suppressed by Shp2 KO/KD/inhibition. Consequentially, the CSE exposure-induced MMP-9 production and EMT progression were suppressed by ERK1/2, JNK and Smad2/3 inhibitors. Thus, CS induced MMP-9 production and EMT resulted from activation of Shp2/ERK1/2/JNK/Smad2/3 signaling pathways. Our study contributes to the underlying mechanisms of pulmonary epithelial structural changes in response to CS, which may provide novel therapeutic solutions for treating associated diseases, such as COPD and lung cancer.
Dynamics of anti-malarial antibodies in non-immune patients during and after a first and unique Plasmodium falciparum malaria episode
Authors: Bisoffi Zeno , Bertoldi Marco , Silva Ronaldo , Bertoli Giulia , Ursini Tamara , Marocco Stefania , Piubelli Chiara , Pomari Elena , Buonfrate Dora , Gobbi Federico 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Malaria is a major travel medicine issue. Retrospective confirmation of a malaria episode diagnosed in an endemic area can have relevant implications in transfusional medicine in Europe, where blood donors are excluded from donation on the basis of positive malaria serology. However, there is scarce evidence on the dynamics of anti-malarial antibodies after a first malaria episode in non-immune individuals. The first aim of this study was to describe the dynamics of anti-malarial antibodies in a first malaria episode in non-immune travellers. Secondary objectives were to assess the sensitivity of serology for a retrospective diagnosis in non-immune travellers diagnosed while abroad and to discuss the implications in transfusional medicine.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of the results of an indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for malaria available for patients with a first malaria episode by Plasmodium falciparum and admitted at the IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria hospital in a 14-year period. The antibody titres were collected at baseline and during further follow up visits. Epidemiological, demographic and laboratory test results (including full blood count and malaria parasite density) were anonymously recorded in a study specific electronic Case Report Form created with OpenClinica software. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS software version 9.4.

Results
Thirty-six patients were included. Among them, all but two were Europeans (one African and one American). Median length of fever before diagnosis was 2 days (IQR 1–3). Thirty-five patients had seroconversion between day 1 and day 4 from admission, and the titre showed a sharply rising titre, often to a very high level in a few days. Only a single patient remained negative in the first 5 days from admission, after which he was no more tested. Six patients were followed up for at least 2 months, and they all showed a decline in IFAT titre, tending to seroreversion (confirmed in one patient with the longest follow up, almost 4 years).

Conclusions
Serology demonstrated reliable for retrospective diagnosis in non-immune travellers. The decline in the anti-malarial titre might be included in the screening algorithms of blood donors, but further studies are needed.
Health equity and COVID-19: global perspectives
Authors: Shadmi Efrat , Chen Yingyao , Dourado Inês , Faran-Perach Inbal , Furler John , Hangoma Peter , Hanvoravongchai Piya , Obando Claudia , Petrosyan Varduhi , Rao Krishna D. , Ruano Ana Lorena , Shi Leiyu , de Souza Luis Eugenio , Spitzer-Shohat Sivan , Sturgiss Elizabeth , Suphanchaimat Rapeepong , Uribe Manuela Villar , Willems Sara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 is disproportionally affecting the poor, minorities and a broad range of vulnerable populations, due to its inequitable spread in areas of dense population and limited mitigation capacity due to high prevalence of chronic conditions or poor access to high quality public health and medical care. Moreover, the collateral effects of the pandemic due to the global economic downturn, and social isolation and movement restriction measures, are unequally affecting those in the lowest power strata of societies. To address the challenges to health equity and describe some of the approaches taken by governments and local organizations, we have compiled 13 country case studies from various regions around the world: China, Brazil, Thailand, Sub Saharan Africa, Nicaragua, Armenia, India, Guatemala, United States of America (USA), Israel, Australia, Colombia, and Belgium. This compilation is by no-means representative or all inclusive, and we encourage researchers to continue advancing global knowledge on COVID-19 health equity related issues, through rigorous research and generation of a strong evidence base of new empirical studies in this field.
A structural equation model to assess the pathways of body adiposity and inflammation status on dysmetabolic biomarkers via red cell distribution width and mean corpuscular volume: a cross-sectional study in overweight and obese subjects
Authors: Rondanelli Mariangela , Perna Simone , Alalwan Tariq A. , Cazzola Roberta , Gasparri Clara , Infantino Vittoria , Perdoni Federica , Iannello Giancarlo , Pepe Daniele , Guido Davide 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
A study has been performed in overweight and obese subjects to assess the effects of adiposity and inflammation indicators on dysmetabolic biomarkers via red cell distribution width (RDW) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), taking into account pro-antioxidant balance.

Methods
Data from 166 overweight subjects were analyzed by a path analysis model using structural equation modelling (SEM) to evaluate the direct and indirect pathway effects of adiposity, measured by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), and inflammation status, measured by pro-antioxidant balance [reactive oxygen species (ROS)], lag-time and slope and C-reactive protein (CRP) values on dysmetabolic biomarkers, via RDW and MCV.

Results
BMI was strongly linked to CRP and ROS levels. Moreover, there was a significant negative decrease of MCV (1.546 femtoliters) linked to BMI indirectly via high CRP levels. Furthermore, WC affected RDW, indicating a possible mediatory role for RDW in relation to the relationship between WC and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), insulin and high density lipoprotein (HDL), respectively. This was evident by the elevated HOMA and insulin levels and the decreased levels of HDL. Finally, ROS-related markers did not affect directly RDW and MCV.

Conclusion
The reported outcomes suggest that RDW might play a mediatory role in the relationship between WC and the dysmetabolic outcomes in overweight and obese individuals. CRP seems to modulate the linkage between BMI and MCV. This study provides the backbone structure for future scenarios and lays the foundation for further research on the role of RDW and MCV as suitable biomarkers for the assessment of cardiovascular disease (HDL-cholesterol), inflammatory bowels and insulin resistance.
How gender-specific are predictors of post-MI HRQoL? A longitudinal study
Authors: Wlodarczyk Dorota , Zietalewicz Urszula 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Extant research shows that health-related quality of life (HRQoL) differs between female and male survivors of myocardial infarction (MI), but the reasons for this are not fully understood. We aimed to examine the predictors of HRQoL in female and male survivors during the first year after MI.

Methods
At timepoints 1 and 2, the sample comprised 222 MI survivors (59 women and 163 men; mean age 53.84 years, range 24–65) referred for in-patient cardiac rehabilitation. This number dropped to 140 participants (42 women and 98 men) at the third timepoint, approximately one year after the MI. We examined the gender differences in various predictors of physical and mental HRQoL: demographic factors (e.g., age, education, marital status), disease-related factors (pre- and post-MI), personality and coping with stress.

Results
Initially, both physical and mental HRQoL were lower in women than men, but the differences disappeared at timepoint 3. Stepwise regressions performed separately for men and women revealed that the factors shaping HRQoL were different in both genders; they also changed over time. Substantially fewer factors predicted physical HRQoL in women than in men. Trait anxiety seems to play a similarly negative role in both genders.

Conclusions
The psychosocial resources that influence HRQoL were different for women and men. There were also differences concerning predictors of HRQoL dimensions. Further studies with a different or broader range of predictors are needed, especially among women.
Health, subjective financial situation and well-being: a longitudinal observational study
Authors: Downward Paul , Rasciute Simona , Kumar Harish 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
An individual’s financial situation is a key contributor to their overall well-being. Existing research has examined the direct economic consequences of changes in health upon out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure, participation in the labour force and potential earnings. There is also research exploring an individual’s concern about their subjective financial situation regardless of the level of their income or work status on their health. In contrast, this paper conducts a causal analysis of the effects of general and mental health on an individual’s subjective evaluation of their financial situation controlling for their work status and income. This is of importance because current health policy in the United Kingdom (UK) stresses the role of health as an asset which can mediate the wider flourishing of individuals. Moreover, subjective financial situation comprises a key component of well-being now being measured and sought in social welfare policy.

Methods
Fixed effects instrumental variable panel data regression analysis is applied to 25 years of longitudinal data, from 1991, drawn from the harmonised British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and Understanding Society Survey (USS).

Results
Improved general health and reduced mental illness both improve the subjective financial situation of males and females. However, these affects diminish across older cohorts of males and females.

Conclusions
Investing in and improving general and mental health can improve the subjective financial situation and hence well-being of individuals. The targeting of health also needs to take account of an individuals’ life-stage.
GelPOINT single-port laparoscopy-assisted transanal minimum invasive surgery for low rectal cancer: a preliminary report on the use of the GOD VISION wireless smart glass-shaped monitor
Authors: Matsuhashi Nobuhisa , Iwata Yoshinori , Kawajiri Mana , Takahashi Takao , Kiyama Shigeru , Kiriyama Shunya , Uehara Machi , Imai Takeharu , Imai Hisashi , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Okumura Naoki , Yoshida Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The GOD VISION wireless smart glass-shaped monitor (INBYTE) was used in the treatment of an elderly patient with mixed breathing disorder undergoing transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) for low rectal cancer under lumbar anesthesia.

Method
After wearing the GOD VISION wireless smart glass-shaped monitor, we attached it to the Gel POINT Path® (Applied Medical). The tumor was surgically removed from all layers of the rectum using an ENDOPATH Electrosurgery PROBE PLUS II System® (a spatula-type electric scalpel) and the site was closed after sufficient washing.

Results
The total operation time was 93 min, and the estimated blood loss was 6 mL. The patient was discharged without complications on postoperative day 14. No local recurrence or distant metastasis in the 7 months after the operation. The patient remained in a good condition with the preservation of the anal function.

Conclusions
It is necessary to accumulate cases and to perform long-term follow-up. In addition, the anal side operators are able to operate without discomfort. In the present case, the GOD VISION wireless smart glass-shaped monitor allowed the TAMIS operation to be performed more comfortably.