bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Труднощі діагностики та лікування атипового біліарного синдрому в пацієнтів похилого та старечого віку
Authors: Ioffe O. Yu. , Stets M. M. , Antoniv V. R. , Stetsenko O. P. , Perepadia V. M. , Molnar I. M. , Tsiura Yu. P. 
Published: February 2020

Мета роботи: покращення діагностики та лікування хворих похилого та старечого віку з механічною жовтяницею.
Матеріали і методи. З 2014 по 2019 р. у Київській міській клінічній лікарні № 3 було проліковано 471 пацієнта з механічною жовтяницею різного генезу. В структурі хворих із синдромом жовтяниці механічний генез непухлинного походження виявився у 357 (76,0 %) випадках, бластоматозного генезу – 114 (24,0 %). Середній вік хворих (складав 64+1,7) року. З них жінок було 330 (70,0 %), чоловіків – 171 (30,0 %). У всіх хворих були прояви токсикосептичного біліарного синдрому (ТСБС), який був зумовлений обструкцією жовчних шляхів, жовтяницею, гіпербілірубінемією, порушенням гемодинаміки печінки і цитолізом, накопиченням продуктів тканинної деструкції, і супроводжувались лихоманкою, енцефалопатією, токсичною кардіоміопатією, болем у правому підребер’ї, посвітлінням випорожнень та темною сечею. Атиповий перебіг гнійного холангіту, зумовленого холедохолітіазом, мав місце у 27 пацієнтів, а у 6 з бластоматозним ураженням гепатобіліарної системи. Оцінку стану ендогенної інтоксикації визначали шляхом встановлення лейкоцитарного індексу інтоксикації, гематологічного індексу інтоксикації, коефіцієнта де Рітіса, цитолітичної активності цільної сироватки крові, токсинозв’язувальної активності автологічної сироватки крові.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Транспапілярні втручання було виконано у 357 хворих із холедохолітіазом: з них – у 311 літоекстракцію, а у 46 – літотріпсія з літоекстракцією. З 114 хворих із механічною жовтяницею бластоматозного генезу у 75 хворих вдалося ліквідувати холангіт транспапілярним стентуванням, у 39 хворих довелося долати холангіт за допомогою черезшкірної холангіостомії під контролем ультразвукового сканування. Методом вибору лікування хворих із токсикосептичним біліарним синдромом залишаються мініінвазивні ендобіліарні втручання.
Хірургічна тактика лікування гострого некротичного панкреатиту
Authors: Khomiak I. V. , Rotar O. V. , Rotar V. I. , Khomiak A. I. , Palianytsia A. S. , Petriuk B. V. 
Published: February 2020

Мета роботи: оцінити ефективність розробленої хірургічної тактики лікування гострого некротичного панкреатиту.
Матеріали і методи. Проведений аналіз результатів лікування 317 хворих на гострий некротичний панкреатит, в яких протягом 2013–2019 рр. використовували запропоновану тактику проведення хірургічних втручань. Для оцінки ефективності лікування вивчали вперше виявлену органну недостатність після операції, тривалість інтенсивної терапії, післяопераційні ускладнення та летальність.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Застосовували покрокову тактику хірургічного лікування, яка розпочиналася з діапевтичних транскутанних втручань у 48,2 % та ендоскопічних – у 46,2 % спостережень. Транскутанні втручання супроводжувалися меншою частотою ускладень у хворих із гострими некротичними скупченнями, а ендоскопічні – у пацієнтів із відмежованими вогнищами панкреатичного некрозу. Широкі лапаротомні некрсеквестректомії виконані в 14,5 % спостережень після 4 тижня від початку захворювання. Загальна летальність становила 3,5 %, післяопераційна – 6,5 %.
Використання покрокової хірургічної тактики лікування хворих на гострий некротичний панкреатит зменшує потребу в широких лапаротомних некрсеквестректоміях та сприяє зниженню рівня післяопераційних ускладнень.
Designing Investment Dispute Settlement à la Carte: Insights from Comparative Institutional Design Analysis
Authors: Schill Stephan W. , Vidigal Geraldo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The multilateral expression of the desire to reform investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) at the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) obscures the diverging preferences states have in respect of which future dispute settlement model to adopt. In order to garner broad acceptability, this article proposes that the reformed system could be designed as “dispute settlement à la carte”, with a Multilateral Investment Court coexisting with other forms of dispute resolution under the umbrella of one multilateral institution. With a view to showing that such a system is feasible, this article draws on comparative institutional design analysis, that is, a comparative assessment of dispute settlement design features across different international dispute settlement systems. This approach helps to explore what institutional design features are a useful source of inspiration for a future investment dispute settlement system that preserves flexibility for states in the choice of their preferred means of adjudication, while safeguarding legal certainty and promoting coherence in investment dispute settlement.
The Transformation of the Indian Economy in the Contemporary Period: from the Colonial to the Post-Colonial
Authors: Mukherjee Aditya 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper contrasts the important economic parameters during the last few decades of colonialism in India with those during the first few decades after independence. In doing so it questions the colonial position that colonialism led to development in the colony and further argues that it was the breaks from colonialism, rather than the continuities, which explain the post-colonial developments. The paper also critiques the Orthodox Left and the Dependency school argument that all post-colonial developments in the colony would lead to further underdevelopment or dependency unless the post-colonial country broke away from the capitalist system into socialism. Finally, it is argued that the continuities with colonialism are not so much in the economic sphere but in the social and intellectual sphere. The longest lasting legacies of colonialism have been that it has left behind a divided people and a people who are yet to fully overcome the colonization of the mind.
“Barbarian Ships Sail Freely about the Seas”: Qing Reactions to the British Suppression of Piracy in South China, 1841–1856
Authors: Kwan C. Nathan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Chinese piracy presented numerous problems for the Qing and British empires in Chinese waters, but cooperation against pirates was rare before 1842. The colonization of Hong Kong and other treaty arrangements after the Opium War enabled the British to take more vigorous action against Chinese pirates. Although such actions impinged on China’s maritime sovereignty and jurisdiction, Qing officials quickly recognized the efficacy of British naval forces in suppressing piracy. Hong Kong and Kowloon developed a system of cooperation for the suppression of piracy. This system was replicated elsewhere along the coast of Guangdong and beyond. By receiving captured pirates from the Royal Navy, Qing officials effectively used an important tool of British imperialism as a means of enforcing and extending their own authority. At the same time, cooperation became a means for the Qing to engage with emerging international law.
Latitudinal Structure of the Meridional Overturning Circulation Variability on Interannual to Decadal Time Scales in the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Zou Sijia , Lozier M. Susan , Xu Xiaobiao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe latitudinal structure of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability in the North Atlantic is investigated using numerical results from three ocean circulation simulations over the past four to five decades. We show that AMOC variability south of the Labrador Sea (53°N) to 25°N can be decomposed into a latitudinally coherent component and a gyre-opposing component. The latitudinally coherent component contains both decadal and interannual variabilities. The coherent decadal AMOC variability originates in the subpolar region and is reflected by the zonal density gradient in that basin. It is further shown to be linked to persistent North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) conditions in all three models. The interannual AMOC variability contained in the latitudinally coherent component is shown to be driven by westerlies in the transition region between the subpolar and the subtropical gyre (40°–50°N), through significant responses in Ekman transport. Finally, the gyre-opposing component principally varies on interannual time scales and responds to local wind variability related to the annual NAO. The contribution of these components to the total AMOC variability is latitude-dependent: 1) in the subpolar region, all models show that the latitudinally coherent component dominates AMOC variability on interannual to decadal time scales, with little contribution from the gyre-opposing component, and 2) in the subtropical region, the gyre-opposing component explains a majority of the interannual AMOC variability in two models, while in the other model, the contributions from the coherent and the gyre-opposing components are comparable. These results provide a quantitative decomposition of AMOC variability across latitudes and shed light on the linkage between different AMOC variability components and atmospheric forcing mechanisms.
Deciphering the Role of Small-Scale Inhomogeneity on Geophysical Flow Structuration: A Stochastic Approach
Authors: Bauer Werner , Chandramouli Pranav , Chapron Bertrand , Li Long , Mémin Etienne 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn important open question in fluid dynamics concerns the effect of small scales in structuring a fluid flow. In oceanic or atmospheric flows, this is aptly captured in wave–current interactions through the study of the well-known Langmuir secondary circulation. Such wave–current interactions are described by the Craik–Leibovich system, in which the action of a wave-induced velocity, the Stokes drift, produces a so-called “vortex force” that causes streaking in the flow. In this work, we show that these results can be generalized as a generic effect of the spatial inhomogeneity of the statistical properties of the small-scale flow components. As demonstrated, this is well captured through a stochastic representation of the flow.
A Preliminary Polarimetric Radar Comparison of Pretornadic and Nontornadic Supercell Storms
Authors: Van Den Broeke Matthew S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Supercell thunderstorms produce a variety of hazards, including tornadoes. A supercell will often exist for some time prior to producing a tornado, while other supercells never become tornadic. In this study, a series of hypotheses is tested regarding the ability of S-band polarimetric radar fields to distinguish pretornadic from nontornadic supercell storms. Several quantified polarimetric radar metrics are examined that are related to storm inflow, updraft, and hailfall characteristics in samples of 19–30 pretornadic and 18–31 nontornadic supercells. The results indicate that pretornadic supercells are characterized by smaller hail extent and echo appendages with larger mean drop size. Additionally, differential reflectivity ZDR column size is larger and less variable in the pretornadic storms in the 25–30 min prior to initial tornadogenesis. Many of the results indicate relatively small polarimetric differences that will likely be difficult to translate to operational use. Hail extent and ZDR column size, however, may exhibit operationally useful differences between pretornadic and nontornadic supercells.
Shared Gaze Fails to Improve Team Visual Monitoring
Authors: McCarley Jason S. , Leggett Nathan , Enright Alison 
Published: February 2020

Objective The aim was to test the value of shared gaze as a way to improve team performance in a visual monitoring task. Background Teams outperform individuals in monitoring tasks, but fall short of achievable levels. Shared-gaze displays offer a potential method of improving team efficiency. Within a shared-gaze arrangement, operators collaborate on a visual task, and each team member’s display includes a cursor to represent the other teammates’ point of regard. Past work has suggested that shared gaze allows operators to better communicate and coordinate their attentional scanning in a visual search task. The current experiments sought to replicate and extend earlier findings of inefficient team performance in a visual monitoring task, and asked whether shared gaze would improve team efficiency. Method Participants performed a visual monitoring task framed as a sonar operation. Displays were matrices of luminance patches varying in intensity. The participants’ task was to monitor for occasional critical signals, patches of high luminance. In Experiment 1, pairs of participants performed the task independently, or working as teams. In Experiment 2, teams of two participants performed the task with or without shared-gaze displays. Results In Experiment 1, teams detected more critical signals than individuals, but were statistically inefficient; detection rates were lower than predicted by a control model that assumed pairs of operators searching in isolation. In Experiment 2, shared gaze failed to increase target detection rates. Conclusion and application Operators collaborate inefficiently in visual monitoring tasks, and shared gaze does not improve their performance.
Neck Muscular Load When Using a Smartphone While Sitting, Standing, and Walking
Authors: Yoon Woojin , Choi Seobin , Han Hyeseon , Shin Gwanseob 
Published: February 2020

Objective Myoelectric activity of neck extensor muscles and head kinematic variables, when using a smartphone for one-handed browsing and two-handed texting while sitting, standing, and walking, were evaluated to compare the neck muscular load during these tasks and across the posture conditions. Background There has been limited research on the relation between head-down postures and the muscular load on the neck of smartphone users. Methods Twenty-one asymptomatic young users were asked to perform one-handed browsing and two-handed texting tasks in each of the posture conditions, and the myoelectric activities of the neck extensor muscles, head kinematic variables, and upper back posture were quantified. Results The muscle activation level when using a phone during walking was 21.2% and 41.7% higher than that of sitting and standing on average ( p < .01). Head vertical and angular accelerations were also significantly greater ( p < .01) for walking than for sitting and standing conditions. Between the two conducted tasks, participants flexed their heads more significantly ( p < .01) with higher activation of the neck extensor muscles ( p < .01) when texting as compared to when browsing. Conclusion Results indicate that two-handed texting while walking would be the most physically demanding scenario for neck musculature, and it might be attributable to the dynamics of the head while walking with the head facing downwards. Application These findings can be used to better understand the potential relation between smartphone use and the occurrence of neck musculoskeletal problems and to inform the users of the ergonomic risks of using smartphones while walking.
Targeting Viral DNA and Promoter Hypermethylation in Salivary Rinses for Recurrent HPV‐Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Shen Sarek , Saito Yuki , Ren Shuling , Liu Chao , Guo Theresa , Qualliotine Jesse , Khan Zubair , Sadat Sayed , Califano Joseph A. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThe incidence and survivorship of human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) are increasing. Presence of HPV DNA and epigenetic alterations in salivary rinses are independently associated with clinical prognosis. We evaluated the utility of a combined panel in detecting disease recurrence during surveillance. We also assessed the assay’s applicability in screening for HPV+ OPSCC.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTwo tertiary academic hospitals.Subjects and MethodsForty‐nine patients with posttreatment OPSCC were enrolled. Separately, 21 treatment‐naive patients and 40 controls were included in the screening analysis. Salivary rinses were obtained from these cohorts and biomarker levels were quantified. Receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curves and multivariate logistic models were used to assess performance of biomarker combinations.ResultsEight patients (16.3%) in the posttreatment cohort developed locoregional recurrence. Recurrence was associated with alcohol use (odds ratio [OR], 6.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26‐3.79) and advanced nodal disease (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.52‐3.01). A panel of HPV DNA and methylated EDNRB improved detection of recurrent disease (area under the curve [AUC], 0.88) compared to single markers (AUC, 0.69‐0.78). Positive biomarkers preceded clinical detection by 2.4 ± 1.6 months and was associated with nearly 40‐fold risk of recurrence (OR, 36.4; 95% CI, 1.15‐45.22). Within the screening analysis, single biomarkers demonstrated moderate sensitivity and specificity (AUC, 0.59‐0.83) in the detection of primary disease. A panel combining HPV DNA markers with methylated EDNRB and methylated PAX5 improved AUC to 0.93.ConclusionDetection of high‐risk HPV DNA or aberrant hypermethylation in oral rinses is associated with presence and recurrence of OPSCC. Targeting both markers in saliva may have utility in long‐term surveillance.
Are Patients Who Undergo the Latarjet Procedure Ready to Return to Play at 6 Months? A Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) Shoulder Group Cohort Study
Authors: Frantz Travis L. , Everhart Joshua S. , Cvetanovich Gregory L. , Neviaser Andrew , Jones Grant L. , Hettrich Carolyn M. , Wolf Brian R. ,   MOON Shoulder Group, Baumgarten Keith M. , Bollier Matthew J. , Bravman Jonathan T. , Kuhn John E. , Ma C. Benjamin , Marx Robert G. , McCarty Eric C. , Ortiz Shannon F. , Zhang Alan L. , Bishop Julie Y. 
Published: February 2020

Background: The Latarjet procedure is growing in popularity for treating athletes with recurrent anterior shoulder instability, largely because of the high recurrence rate of arthroscopic stabilization, particularly among contact athletes with bone loss. Purpose: (1) To evaluate return of strength and range of motion (ROM) 6 months after the Latarjet procedure and (2) to determine risk factors for failure to achieve return-to-play (RTP) criteria at 6 months. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 65 athletes (83% contact sports, 37% overhead sports; mean ± SD age, 24.5 ± 8.2 years; 59 male, 6 female) who enrolled in a prospective multicenter study underwent the Latarjet procedure for anterior instability (29% as primary procedure for instability, 71% for failed prior stabilization procedure). Strength and ROM were assessed preoperatively and 6 months after surgery. RTP criteria were defined as return to baseline strength and <20° side-to-side ROM deficits in all planes. The independent likelihood of achieving strength and motion RTP criteria at 6 months was assessed through multivariate logistic regression modeling with adjustment as needed for age, sex, subscapularis split versus tenotomy, preoperative strength/motion, percentage bone loss, number of prior dislocations, preoperative subjective shoulder function (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index percentage), and participation in contact versus overhead sports. Results: Of the patients, 55% failed to meet ≥1 RTP criteria: 6% failed for persistent weakness and 51% for ≥20° side-to-side loss of motion. There was no difference in failure to achieve RTP criteria at 6 months between subscapularis split (57%) versus tenotomy (47%) ( P = .49). Independent risk factors for failure to achieve either strength or ROM criteria were preoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (per 10-point decrease: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.14-2.43; P = .006), Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index percentage (per 10% decrease: aOR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.38-0.92; P = .01), and a preoperative side-to-side ROM deficit ≥20° in any plane (aOR, 5.01; 95% CI, 1.42-21.5; P = .01) or deficits in external rotation at 90° of abduction (per 10° increased deficit: aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.06-2.88; P = .02). Conclusion: A large percentage of athletes fail to achieve full strength and ROM 6 months after the Latarjet procedure. Greater preoperative stiffness and subjective disability are risk factors for failure to meet ROM or strength RTP criteria.
A single-center experience in the eversion femoral endarterectomy
Authors: Soares Tony R , Amorim Pedro , Manuel Viviana , Lopes Alice , Fernandes e Fernandes Ruy , Martins Carlos , Pedro Luís Mendes 
Published: February 2020

Objectives Endarterectomy is the treatment of choice for arterial occlusive disease of the femoral bifurcation. Longitudinal arteriotomy and prosthetic patch angioplasty is the standard technique but, due to the increasing concerns with prosthetic-related infections and multidrug-resistant pathogens our group adopted an alternative approach. We present our experience with eversion femoral endarterectomy. Methods All patients submitted to eversion femoral endarterectomy in a single institution during 2016–2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patient demographics, surgical data, and complications were captured from medical records. Results Nineteen patients, 84.2% male and a median age of 67 years (IQR 62–78) were submitted to eversion femoral endarterectomy with a median follow-up of 180 days (IQR 71–395). Seventeen (89.4%) patients were treated for chronic limb ischemia and the other two were submitted to femoral endarterectomy during endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. Most of the patients had smoking history (84.2%), followed by hypertension (68.4%), dyslipidemia (63.2%), coronary heart disease (29.4%), and diabetes (26.3%). Only 3 patients (15.8%) were submitted exclusively to endarterectomy, 13 (68.4%) were submitted to endarterectomy as an adjuvant for peripheral endovascular treatment, 2 (10.5%) as a concomitant procedure to endovascular repair of aortic aneurysm, and 1 (5.3%) was complemented with thrombectomy of the femoro-popliteal sector. Primary patency rates were 100% and 87.5% (CI (38.7–98.1)) at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Primary-assisted and secondary patency rates were 100%. The 30-day mortality rate was 5.3% ( n = 1) and complication rate 10.5% ( n = 2). One patient complicated with acute renal disease related to rhabdomyolysis. Another patient developed a wound-related hematoma treated with surgical drainage, but died three days after consequent to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Conclusions Eversion femoral endarterectomy is a safe and feasible technique, with good patency results and respecting the concept of leaving nothing behind. A careful control of the proximal and distal endpoints is essential for the success of the technique.