bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preschool attendance and developmental outcomes at age five in Indigenous and non-Indigenous children: a population-based cohort study of 100 357 Australian children
Authors: Falster Kathleen , Hanly Mark , Edwards Ben , Banks Emily , Lynch John W , Eades Sandra , Nickel Nathan , Goldfeld Sharon , Biddle Nicholas 
Published: December 2020

Background
Policies to increase Australian Indigenous children’s participation in preschool aim to reduce developmental inequities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous children. This study aims to understand the benefits of preschool participation by quantifying the association between preschool participation in the year before school and developmental outcomes at age five in Indigenous and non-Indigenous children.

Methods
We used data from perinatal, hospital, birth registration and school enrolment records, and the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC), for 7384 Indigenous and 95 104 non-Indigenous children who started school in New South Wales, Australia in 2009/2012. Preschool in the year before school was recorded in the AEDC. The outcome was developmental vulnerability on ≥1 of five AEDC domains, including physical health, emotional maturity, social competence, language/cognitive skills and communication skills/general knowledge.

Results
5051 (71%) Indigenous and 68 998 (74%) non-Indigenous children attended preschool. Among Indigenous children, 33% of preschool attenders and 44% of the home-based care group were vulnerable on ≥1 domains, compared with 17% of preschool attenders and 33% in the home-based care group among non-Indigenous children. In the whole population model, the adjusted risk difference for developmental vulnerability among preschool attenders was −7.9 percentage points (95% CI, −9.8 to −6.1) in non-Indigenous children and −2.8 percentage points (95% CI −4.8 to −0.7) in Indigenous children, compared with Indigenous children in home-based care.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest a likely beneficial effect of preschool participation on developmental outcomes, although the magnitude of the benefit was less among Indigenous compared with non-Indigenous children.
Combining inhibition of galectin-3 with and before a therapeutic vaccination is critical for the prostate-tumor-free outcome
Authors: Tiraboschi Carolina , Gentilini Lucas , Velazquez Carla , Corapi Enrique , Jaworski Felipe Martín , Garcia Garcia José Daniel , Rondón Yorfer , Chauchereau Anne , Laderach Diego José , Compagno Daniel 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is a major health problem worldwide. Taxol derivatives-based chemotherapies or immunotherapies are usually proposed depending on the symptomatic status of the patient. In the case of immunotherapy, tumors develop robust immune escape mechanisms that abolish any protective response, and to date why prostate cancer is one of the most resistant diseases remains unresolved.MethodsBy using a combination of clinical data to study the transcriptome of metastasis samples from patients with castration-refractory prostate cancer, and state of the art cellular and molecular biology assays in samples from tumor-bearing mice that have been submitted to surgical resection of the tumor before receiving a vaccination, we answered several essential questions in the field of immunotherapy for prostate cancer. We also used two different methods to inhibit the expression of galectin-3 (Gal-3) in tumor cells: a stable RNA interference method to control the expression of this galectin efficiently only in tumor cells, and low and non-cytotoxic doses of docetaxel to easily transfer our findings to clinical settings.ResultsHerein, we show for the first time that Gal-3 expressed by prostate tumor cells is the main immune checkpoint responsible for the failure of vaccine-based immunotherapy. Our results show that low and non-cytotoxic doses of docetaxel lead to the inhibition of Gal-3 expression in PCa cells as well as in clinical samples of patients with metastatic and castration-resistant PCa promoting a Th1 response. We thus optimized a prostate cancer animal model that undergoes surgical resection of the tumor to mimic prostatectomy usually performed in patients. Importantly, using Gal-3-knocked down-PCa cells or low and non-cytotoxic doses of taxane before vaccination, we were able to highly control tumor recurrence through a direct impact on the proliferation and infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic T.ConclusionsThus, Gal-3 expression by PCa cells is a crucial inhibitor for the success of immunotherapy, and low doses of docetaxel with non-cytotoxic effect on leukocyte survival could be used before immunotherapy for all patients with PCa to reduce the expression of this critical negative immune checkpoint, pre-conditioning the tumor-microenvironment to activate an antitumor immune response and promote tumor-free outcome.
Melatonin decreases circulating Trypanosoma cruzi load with no effect on tissue parasite replication
Authors: Providello Maiara Voltarelli , Portapilla Gisele Bulhões , Oliveira Pedro Alexandre Sampaio , da Silva Carla Brigagão Pacheco , Anchieta Naira Ferreira , Tirapelli Carlos Renato , de Albuquerque Sérgio 
Published: December 2020

Cardiac damage during the acute phase of Chagas disease (CD) is associated with an increase in pro-inflammatory markers and oxidative stress. Melatonin (MEL) has emerged as a promising therapy for CD due to its antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties; however, the protective action of MEL in the cardiac tissue, as well as its direct action on the parasite cycle, is not fully understood. We investigated the effects of MEL on heart parasitism in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and also its effects on the parasitic proliferation in vitro. Our in vivo study showed that MEL reduced circulating parasitemia load, but did not control tissue (heart, liver, and spleen) parasitism in mice. MEL did not prevent the redox imbalance in the left ventricle of infected mice. Our in vitro findings showed that MEL did not inhibit parasites replication within cells, but rather increased their release from cells. MEL did not control parasitism load in the heart or prevent the cardiac redox imbalance induced by acute T. cruzi infection. The hormone controlled the circulating parasitic load, but within cells MEL accelerated parasitic release, a response that can be harmful.
Top condensation model: a step towards the correct prediction of the Higgs mass
Authors: Osipov A. A. , Hiller B. , Blin A. H. , Palanca F. , Moreira J. , Sampaio M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA realization of the composite Higgs scenario in the context of the effective model with the $$SU(2)_L\times U(1)_R$$

S
U

(
2
)

L

×
U

(
1
)

R

symmetric four-Fermi interactions proposed by Miransky, Tanabashi and Yamawaki is studied. The model implements Nambu’s mechanism of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking leading to the formation of $${{\bar{t}}}t$$

t

¯

t

and $${{\bar{b}}}b$$

b

¯

b

quark condensates. We explore the vacuum structure and spectrum of the model by using the Schwinger proper-time method. As a direct consequence of this mechanism, the Higgs acquires a mass in accord with its experimental value. The present prediction essentially differs from the known overestimated value, $$m_\chi = 2m_t$$

m
χ

=
2

m
t

, making more favourable the top condensation scenario presented here. The mass formulas for the members of the second Higgs doublet are also obtained. The Nambu sum rule is discussed. It is shown that the anomalous $$U(1)_A$$

U

(
1
)

A

symmetry breaking modifies this rule at next to leading order in $$1/N_c$$

1
/

N
c

.
Surgical Management of Giant L2 Adrenal Neuroblastoma in Adult Male
Authors: Thapa Bikash Bikram , Yadav Sanjay , Pant Sujit , Rajkarnikar Pratik , Mandal Pankaj 
Published: December 2020

Neuroblastoma is an embryonal malignancy that arises from neural crest cells. Adult adrenal neuroblastoma is a rare disease, and less than 100 cases were reported in the literature. Adult neuroblastoma commonly presents with abdominal (retroperitoneal) lump and pain. A 35-year-old male patient presented with a giant (

20

cm
×
17

cm
×
12

cm

) nonfunctional left adrenal mass. He underwent en-bloc surgical excision of the left adrenal gland along with the left kidney. Histopathological examination revealed adrenal neuroblastoma (stage 2B, L2). We present here the surgical management of the rare adult adrenal neuroblastoma.
Controle das Políticas Públicas
Authors: Chudzij Luísa Fófano 
Published: December 2020

Tem-se por objeto de estudo o controle da Administração Pública no contexto das Políticas Públicas. Estabeleceu-se como objetivo geral a análise da possibilidade de realização do controle dos atos administrativos, relacionados às Políticas Públicas, pelo Poder Legislativo, Judiciário e Tribunal de Contas. O método empregado para a construção das principais ideias textuais foi o dedutivo e, para tanto, pautou-se em pesquisa bibliográfica, jurisprudencial e de legislações pertinentes. Realizou-se uma abordagem inicial sobre as modalidades de controle da Administração Pública para, posteriormente, pormenorizar as características do controle legislativo, do judiciário e do exercido tecnicamente pelo Tribunal de Contas. Conclui-se que, no contexto do policy cycle, é essencial a ideia de accountability, haja vista que pressupõe um controle, transparência e prestação de contas do atuar público. Desse modo, todas as fases do policy cycle devem ser observadas e, em especial, a fase de controle e avaliação, pois é por meio desta que é possível aferir se as Políticas Públicas estão cumprindo sua finalidade: ser mecanismo de concretização dos direitos fundamentais.
Reconsidering 4Q24 (4QLeviticusb): Two Manuscripts and a New Fragment
Authors: Tigchelaar Eibert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The different scribal hands show that the Qumran Cave 4 manuscript 4Q24 (4QLevb) actually consists of two different manuscripts: a first-century BCE manuscript with parts of Leviticus 1–3 (4Q24a), and a second-century BCE manuscript (4Q24b) with sections of Leviticus 21–25. Two hitherto unidentified fragments are assigned to Lev 25:44–46 in 4Q24b.
English Medium Instruction and Human Linguistic Rights: Academic, Psychological and Cultural Suffering
Authors: Masri Taghreed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In higher education in the UAE, English is used as the medium of instruction, while academic Arabic is relegated to few electives that can be also taken in English. Policy makers perceive the transition from Arabic medium instruction (ami) schools to English medium instruction (emi) universities as normal and automatic. This study aims to explore how students see this transition, and whether they find it automatic and smooth, or embroiled in hardship and difficulties. It is based on a critical theoretical framework and is approached using exploratory critical methodology. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty undergraduate Arab students in three English-medium universities. Results showed that students faced psychological, academic, social and cultural difficulties associated with the transition from Arabic schools to English-medium instruction universities.
Using Xunzi and Mencius to Adapt and Reclaim Modernity: A Reconstruction of Confucianism in the Modern Context
Authors: Guo Yi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Reconstructing Confucianism for the modern age presents us with two main tasks. The first is to borrow from the tradition of Xunzi 荀子 in order to face the challenges of Westernization and modernization and, in turn, modernize ourselves. The second is to embrace the tradition of Mencius 孟子 with the purpose of defining our own cultural and personal values, guarding against some of the pitfalls of modernization. In many ways, the Xunzi branch is more beneficial for the continuing growth of Confucianism: it is analytical – even scientific – in its approach to political theory. But, of course, it is not a complete system. Xunzi correctly discovered the dark side of human nature, but Mencius correctly discovered its good side. These two systems of philosophy are each well equipped for complementing the other’s shortcomings. This is why we advocate for a critical unification of Mencius’ and Xunzi’s philosophies, with the aim of helping Confucianism evolve into a philosophy that is relevant and prosperous in the twenty-first century.
The Limits of Text and Tradition: Theosophy, Translation, and Transnational Vedānta in the fin-de-siècle
Authors: Kuchuk Nika 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Part of a larger project interrogating literal and discursive translation in late-colonial Vedāntic thought, this paper focuses on Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, founder of the Theosophical Society and its key ideologue. Blavatsky grounded her articulation of Theosophical teachings in a mysterious source text, purportedly written in a sacerdotal language known as the Senzar. In presenting herself as its translator, Blavatsky deftly maneuvers between competing philosophies of language and knowledge paradigms, from philology to occultism. This allows her to simultaneously frame Theosophy as continuous with Vedāntic and Buddhist thought and as superseding them, thus effectively articulating a new—universal—teaching. Utilizing translation theory as an analytical and hermeneutical lens, this paper examines some of Blavatsky’s more notable discursive mechanics and their textual afterlives, tracing the tensions between authorship and authority, tradition and innovation, the particular and the universal. It is proposed that attending to such translational practices (or claims thereof) points to broader questions of meaning-making and commensurability implicated in any project of articulating a tradition across linguistic, cultural, temporal and geographical spaces—as well as its limits and challenges.
Development of a Daily Multilayer Cropland Soil Moisture Dataset for China Using Machine Learning and Application to Cropping Patterns
Authors: Liu Yaling , Chen Dongdong , Mouatadid Soukayna , Lu Xiaoliang , Chen Min , Cheng Yu , Xie Zhenghui , Jia Binghao , Wu Huan , Gentine Pierre 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSoil moisture (SM) links the water and energy cycles over the land–atmosphere interface and largely determines ecosystem functionality, positioning it as an essential player in the Earth system. Despite its importance, accurate estimation of large-scale SM remains a challenge. Here we leverage the strength of neural network (NN) and fidelity of long-term measurements to develop a daily multilayer cropland SM dataset for China from 1981 to 2013, implemented for a range of different cropping patterns. The training and testing of the NN for the five soil layers (0–50 cm, 10-cm depth each) yield R2 values of 0.65–0.70 and 0.64–0.69, respectively. Our analysis reveals that precipitation and soil properties are the two dominant factors determining SM, but cropping pattern is also crucial. In addition, our simulations of alternative cropping patterns indicate that winter wheat followed by fallow will largely alleviate the SM depletion in most parts of China. On the other hand, cropping patterns of fallow in the winter followed by maize/soybean seem to further aggravate SM decline in the Huang-Huai-Hai region and southwestern China, relative to prevalent practices of double cropping. This may be due to their low soil porosity, which results in more soil water drainage, as opposed to the case that winter crop roots help maintain SM. This multilayer cropland SM dataset with granularity of cropping patterns provides an important alternative and is complementary to modeled and satellite-retrieved products.
Land–Atmosphere Coupling at the U.S. Southern Great Plains: A Comparison on Local Convective Regimes between ARM Observations, Reanalysis, and Climate Model Simulations
Authors: Tao Cheng , Zhang Yunyan , Tang Qi , Ma Hsi-Yen , Ghate Virendra P. , Tang Shuaiqi , Xie Shaocheng , Santanello Joseph A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUsing the 9-yr warm-season observations at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains site, we assess the land–atmosphere (LA) coupling in the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and two climate models: hindcasts with the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1 by Cloud-Associated Parameterizations Testbed (CAM5-CAPT) and nudged runs with the Energy Exascale Earth System Model Atmosphere Model version 1 Regionally Refined Model (EAMv1-RRM). We focus on three local convective regimes and diagnose model behaviors using the local coupling metrics. NARR agrees well with observations except a slightly warmer and drier surface with higher downwelling shortwave radiation and lower evaporative fraction. On clear-sky days, it shows warmer and drier early-morning conditions in both models with significant underestimates in surface evaporation by EAMv1-RRM. On the majority of the ARM-observed shallow cumulus days, there is no or little low-level clouds in either model. When captured in models, the simulated shallow cumulus shows much less cloud fraction and lower cloud bases than observed. On the days with late-afternoon deep convection, models tend to present a stable early-morning lower atmosphere more frequently than the observations, suggesting that the deep convection is triggered more often by elevated instabilities. Generally, CAM5-CAPT can reproduce the local LA coupling processes to some extent due to the constrained early-morning conditions and large-scale winds. EAMv1-RRM exhibits large precipitation deficits and warm and dry biases toward mid-to-late summers, which may be an amplification through a positive LA feedback among initial atmosphere and land states, convection triggering and large-scale circulations.
Venous malformations: Coagulopathy control and treatment methods
Authors: Budge Eleanor J , Khalil Allam Muhammad AA , Mechie Imogen , Scully Marie , Agu Obi , Lim Chung Sim 
Published: December 2020

Venous malformations (VMs) are ectatic channels which arise as a result of vascular dysmorphogenesis, commonly caused by activating mutations in the endothelial tyrosine kinase receptor (TIE2)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Kinase) pathway. With a prevalence of 1% in the general population, and a diverse clinical presentation depending on site, size and tissue involvement, their treatment requires a personalised and multidisciplinary approach. Larger lesions are complicated by local intravascular coagulopathy (LIC) causing haemorrhagic and/or thrombotic complications which can progress to disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). Methods We performed a literature review using a PubMed® search and identified 15 articles to include. References of these texts were examined to further expand the literature review. Principle findings: Several treatment options have been explored, including compression, sclerotherapy, laser therapy, cryoablation and surgery in addition to the management of LIC with low-molecular-weight-heparin (LMWH) and other anticoagulants. Targeted molecular therapies acting on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Kinase)/Protein Kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway are newly emerging. Conclusion Despite a wealth of literature, larger, multi-centric, randomised and prospective trails are required to offer further clarification on the therapeutic management of coagulopathy control and to provide symptomatic benefit to patients with VMs. There should be efforts to provide long term follow up and to use standardised risk stratification tools and quality of life (QOL) questionnaires to aid comparison of agents and treatment protocols.
A large meta-analysis establishes the role of MRD negativity in long-term survival outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Munshi Nikhil C. , Avet-Loiseau Herve , Anderson Kenneth C. , Neri Paola , Paiva Bruno , Samur Mehmet , Dimopoulos Meletios , Kulakova Margarita , Lam Annette , Hashim Mahmoud , He Jianming , Heeg Bart , Ukropec Jon , Vermeulen Jessica , Cote Sarah , Bahlis Nizar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The prognostic value of minimal residual disease (MRD) for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated in a large cohort of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) using a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Medline and EMBASE databases were searched for articles published up to 8 June 2019, with no date limit on the indexed database. Clinical end points stratified by MRD status (positive or negative) were extracted, including hazard ratios (HRs) on PFS and OS, P values, and confidence intervals (CIs). HRs were estimated based on reconstructed patient-level data from published Kaplan-Meier curves. Forty-four eligible studies with PFS data from 8098 patients, and 23 studies with OS data from 4297 patients were identified to assess the association between MRD status and survival outcomes. Compared with MRD positivity, achieving MRD negativity improved PFS (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.29-0.37; P &lt; .001) and OS (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.39-0.51; P &lt; .001). MRD negativity was associated with significantly improved survival outcomes regardless of disease setting (newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory MM), MRD sensitivity thresholds, cytogenetic risk, method of MRD assessment, depth of clinical response at the time of MRD measurement, and MRD assessment premaintenance and 12 months after start of maintenance therapy. The strong prognostic value of MRD negativity and its association with favorable outcomes in various disease and treatment settings sets the stage to adopt MRD as a treatment end point, including development of therapeutic strategies. This large meta-analysis confirms the utility of MRD as a relevant surrogate for PFS and OS in MM.
Application of machine learning in the management of acute myeloid leukemia: current practice and future prospects
Authors: Eckardt Jan-Niklas , Bornhäuser Martin , Wendt Karsten , Middeke Jan Moritz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Machine learning (ML) is rapidly emerging in several fields of cancer research. ML algorithms can deal with vast amounts of medical data and provide a better understanding of malignant disease. Its ability to process information from different diagnostic modalities and functions to predict prognosis and suggest therapeutic strategies indicates that ML is a promising tool for the future management of hematologic malignancies; acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a model disease of various recent studies. An integration of these ML techniques into various applications in AML management can assure fast and accurate diagnosis as well as precise risk stratification and optimal therapy. Nevertheless, these techniques come with various pitfalls and need a strict regulatory framework to ensure safe use of ML. This comprehensive review highlights and discusses recent advances in ML techniques in the management of AML as a model disease of hematologic neoplasms, enabling researchers and clinicians alike to critically evaluate this upcoming, potentially practice-changing technology.