bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Retinopathy of Prematurity: Quest for the Best
Authors: Beri Sarita , Madan Siddharth , Shandil Anurag , Nangia Sushma , Garg Rajiv , Virmani Prachi 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
We analysed the effect of primary laser ablation and primary intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) therapy administered alone or followed by peripheral laser ablation for the treatment of type IROP and Aggressive Posterior ROP (APROP).

Methods:
Sixty eight eyes of 35 babies treated for ROP were analysed from September 2016 to March 2019. 14 eyes of seven babies underwent primary laser treatment. Primary IVR was given in 54 eyes of 28 babies.

Results:
Nine of 14 (64.28%) eyes recovered with laser treatment and five progressed to stage IV or V ROP which did not recover even with surgical intervention. 44 of 54 (81.48%) eyes recovered fully after single dose of IVR by ten weeks and remaining ten eyes underwent laser of the avascular area after two to ten weeks following IVR therapy. Six of these ten eyes recovered fully while four progressed and underwent surgery for stage IV or V. Three of these four operated cases had attached retina after surgery. Hence 50 of 54 eyes (92.59 %) eyes who underwent primary IVR therapy or with subsequent laser recovered while only four of the nine eyes (64.28 %) recovered with primary laser treatment. No progression, reactivation and systemic complications were observed over an average follow-up of six months in babies who received primary IVR alone or with subsequent management.

Conclusions:
IVR or IVR followed by laser by ten weeks following injection is a safe and efficacious primary treatment for ROP with gratifying results in type I disease or APROP.
Association of Clinical Presentations and Histopathological Features of Retinoblastoma in a Tertiary Eye Care Centre, Eastern Nepal
Authors: Lavaju Poonam , Badhu Badri Prasad , Shah Sangeeta , Karki Smriti 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
To assess an association of retinoblastoma with clinical presentations and histopathological features.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective analysis of clinical and histopathology records of patients admitted with retinoblastoma in a tertiary care center, Eastern Nepal from May 2009 to June 2017.

Results:
Forty-four patients were admitted with the diagnosis of retinoblastoma. Age of the patient ranged from four months to nine years with male: female ratio 1.3:1. Unilateral eye was involved in 43 cases (97.7%), leucokoria being the most common presentation (56.8%), followed by proptosis (20.5%). Using the International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification, 75.6% were classified as Group E. The cut end of optic nerve invasion (ONI) was seen in 30.2%. According to the International Retinoblastoma Staging Working Group pathology classification, 60% of tumors were Stage PT1. Statistically significant association was seen between longer duration of presentation with leucokoria, neovascularization of iris and uveitis; older age groups with proptosis and leucokoria. Positive predilection was seen between poorly differentiated cell type and older age groups (p-0.052) and proptosis (p-0.02). Advance grade of disease was reflected by delayed presentation (p-0.031) and older age (p-0.05).

Conclusions:
Leucokoria was the predominant clinical presentation. Poorly differentiated cell type had positive association with age and proptosis. Advance disease was associated with longer duration and older age.
Evaluation of Amblyopia in School Going Children
Authors: Jarwal Pawan N. , Singh Rekha 
Published: May 2020

Background and Objective:
Amblyopia is the most common cause of monocular vision loss in children and as amblyopia is a major preventable and treatable cause of pediatric low vision, early detection and treatment of amblyopia is very important to reduce the prevalence of amblyopia. This study was done to determine the prevalence of amblyopia in school going children in the age group of 5-15 years in and around Jaipur and also to detect the types of amblyopia in these children.

Materials and Methods:
Cross sectional and time bound study, in which 4020 school children in the age group of 5-15 years underwent screening. Amblyopia was diagnosed in eyes with reduced best corrected visual acuity in the absence of any other cause.

Results:
Amblyopia was diagnosed in 44 children. Prevalence of amblyopia in our study was found to be 1.1 %. The underlying amblyogenic causes assessed were anisometropia (29.5%), strabismus (25%), combined mechanism amblyopia (15.9%), meridional amblyopia (13.6%), ametropic amblyopia (11.6%), and the least was that of visual deprivation amblyopia being 4.5%. No statistically significant associations were found in the geographical distribution, or in the gender distribution. The most frequent pattern of strabismus was exotropia. A higher percentage of moderate degree of amblyopia (64%) and more of unilateral cases of amblyopia (26) were detected. There were an equal number of hypermetropes and myopes, majority were given spectacle correction. All 44 amblyopes were prescribed occlusion therapy.

Conclusion:
Prevalence of amblyopia was found to be 1.1% in our study. The results indicate the importance of screening school going children for amblyopia and the importance of early detection and treatment.
Pentacam Based Quantification of the Changes in Anterior Chamber Morphology Following Laser Peripheral Iridotomy in Primary Angle Closure Suspects – A Novel Approach
Authors: Bevara Akhil , Banigallapati Shashidhar , Medikonda Malleswari , Potti Sudhakar 
Published: May 2020

Aim:
To study and compare the clinical parameters pre and post Nd: YAG Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI) in Primary Angle Closure Suspect (PACS) patients

Study design:
Hospital based prospective observational study

Methods:
Our study included 60 eyes of 30 PACS patients who underwent Nd: YAG LPI. Parameters like anterior chamber depth and angle using Pentacam, Intraocular pressure using Goldmann Applanation tonometer and Gonioscopy using Sussman 4-mirror goniolens were compared before and after LPI.

Results:
The mean ACD significantly improved from 1.91 ± 0.2 mm before LPI to 2.01 ± 0.23mm, 30 minutes post LPI and 2.06 ± 0.22 mm, one week after LPI. The mean ACA significantly improved from 24.4 ± 4.02° before LPI to 27.55 ± 3.74°, 30 minutes after LPI and 28.77 ± 4.09°, one week after LPI. There was a statistically significant decrease in mean IOP at 30 minutes and one week after LPI as compared to before LPI. Twenty-two (36.67%) eyes had IOP spike at five minutes after LPI (Mean IOP spike was 2.64 ± 0.95mm Hg). The mean Shaffer grade, based on gonioscopy findings, also increased significantly after LPI.

Conclusions:
We conclude that Pentacam is a useful tool for quantifying the anterior segment changes occurring after LPI. The ACD and ACA increase significantly after LPI. Also, the IOP decreases significantly one week after LPI in PACS patients.
Synthesis of α‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐α‐Aminoketones by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of 1‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐Triazoles and Benzoquinone‐Derived Alcohols
Authors: Xu Ze‐Feng , Wang Weipeng , Cen Mengjie , Feng Zijuan , Duan Shengguo , Li Chuan‐Ying 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReadily available 1‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazole and benzoquinone‐derived alcohols were employed in a synthesis protocol for the formation of α‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐α‐aminoketone. The cascade reaction includes the formation of rhodium carbene, O−H bond 1,3‐insertion, Claisen rearrangement as well as aromatization. Valuable benzoxazinone and 3‐aminobenzofuran were obtained after one‐step derivatization. Moreover, an estrone derivative was modified via the protocol with extraordinary efficiency.magnified image
Effect of chemical shrinkage and temperature shrinkage on early cracking of recycled concrete
Authors: Sun Huayin , Fu Weijia , Zhou Weili , Liu Yali 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince the existence of cement concrete, the early cracking problem of recycled concrete directly affects the application of concrete in engineering. Cracks can increase the permeability of concrete and lead to the decrease of structural durability of concrete in the corrosive environment. The reason causing this fatal problem is the shrinkage of concrete. The purpose of this paper is to improve the durability and integrity of concrete structure and understand its shrinkage. After the initial solidification and hardening of concrete, the volume deformation will cause the internal stress of the recycled concrete due to constraints. When the internal stress is greater than the tensile strength of recycled concrete, the recycled concrete will crack in the early stage. The study of early crack has always been the focus of scholars. Through the efforts of many scholars, factors leading to early cracking have been gradually discovered, such as hydration reaction of cement components in concrete, microstructure change, and external environment. In this paper, the influence of chemical shrinkage and temperature shrinkage on the early cracking of recycled concrete is analyzed by studying the chemical composition of the raw material of recycled concrete for chemical experiments and comparing the recycled concrete in a constant temperature studio with different temperatures. It is concluded that the composition of concrete and the content of each component have direct influence on the chemistry. Concrete containing more C3A has greater chemical reduction. Temperature difference is the main factor causing temperature shrinkage, including the heat released by component hydration. In addition to the change in the external temperature, the temperature of the concrete will also decrease, leading to early cracking.
Clinical spectrum and prognostic value of TP53 mutations in circulating tumor DNA from breast cancer patients in China
Authors: Yi Zongbi , Ma Fei , Rong Guohua , Guan Yanfang , Li Chunxiao , Xu Binghe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTP53 mutations are common in breast cancer. There is currently no large‐scale cohort study to investigate the TP53 landscape in breast cancer patients from China. The predictive value of TP53 mutations for the efficacy of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐targeted therapy in breast cancer remains controversial. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the clinical spectrum and prognostic value of TP53 mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from breast cancer patients in China.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and TP53 mutation features in ctDNA samples from 804 patients with metastatic breast cancer. TP53 mutations were detected by target region capture‐based next‐generation sequencing. The relationship between TP53 mutation status and disease‐free survival (DFS) was analyzed in 444 patients with metastatic breast cancer. Moreover, the relationship between TP53 mutation status and progression‐free survival (PFS) was analyzed in 55 HER2‐positive patients treated with first‐line trastuzumab‐based therapy. Kaplan‐Meier analysis was performed to estimate the survival curves of the different subgroups, and the log‐rank test was used to compare the curves. A Cox regression model was used to estimate multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with the DFS and PFS.ResultsAmong the 804 investigated patients, 431 (53.6%) patients harbored TP53 mutations. TP53 mutations were differentially distributed among different molecular subtypes of breast cancer (P < 0.05). Patients with TP53 mutations had a shorter DFS than those with wild‐type TP53 (hazard ratio = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.09‐1.61, P = 0.005). TP53 mutations in exons 5‐8 were associated with worse outcome (hazard ratio = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.11‐2.03, P = 0.009). However, TP53 mutation status was not significantly associated with PFS in HER2‐positive patients who received first‐line trastuzumab‐based therapy (P = 0.966). Interestingly, in the taxane combination group, patients with TP53 mutations exhibited longer PFS than those without TP53 mutations (hazard ratio = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.02‐0.30, P < 0.001). However, in the non‐taxane combination group, patients with TP53 mutations displayed shorter PFS than those with wild‐type TP53 (hazard ratio = 4.84, 95% CI = 1.60‐14.66, P = 0.005).ConclusionsTP53 mutations in exons 5‐8 may be an independent prognostic marker for short DFS in patients with metastatic breast cancer. TP53 mutations had opposite effects on trastuzumab‐treated patients treated with and without taxanes.
Sorafenib and everolimus in patients with advanced solid tumors and KRAS‐mutated NSCLC: A phase I trial with early pharmacodynamic FDG‐PET assessment
Authors: Nogova Lucia , Mattonet Christian , Scheffler Matthias , Taubert Max , Gardizi Masyar , Sos Martin L. , Michels Sebastian , Fischer Rieke N. , Limburg Meike , Abdulla Diana S.Y. , Persigehl Thorsten , Kobe Carsten , Merkelbach‐Bruse Sabine , Franklin Jeremy , Backes Heiko , Schnell Roland , Behringer Dirk , Kaminsky Britta , Eichstaedt Martina , Stelzer Christoph , Kinzig Martina , Sörgel Fritz , Tian Yingying , Junge Lisa , Suleiman Ahmed A. , Frechen Sebastian , Rokitta Dennis , Ouyang Dongsheng , Fuhr Uwe , Buettner Reinhard , Wolf Jürgen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of patients with solid tumors and KRAS mutations remains disappointing. One option is the combined inhibition of pathways involved in RAF‐MEK‐ERK and PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR.MethodsPatients with relapsed solid tumors were treated with escalating doses of everolimus (E) 2.5‐10.0 mg/d in a 14‐day run‐in phase followed by combination therapy with sorafenib (S) 800 mg/d from day 15. KRAS mutational status was assessed retrospectively in the escalation phase. Extension phase included KRAS‐mutated non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) only. Pharmacokinetic analyses were accompanied by pharmacodynamics assessment of E by FDG‐PET. Efficacy was assessed by CT scans every 6 weeks of combination.ResultsOf 31 evaluable patients, 15 had KRAS mutation, 4 patients were negative for KRAS mutation, and the KRAS status remained unknown in 12 patients. Dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) was not reached. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was defined as 7.5 mg/d E + 800 mg/d S due to toxicities at previous dose level (10 mg/d E + 800 mg/d S) including leucopenia/thrombopenia III° and pneumonia III° occurring after the DLT interval. The metabolic response rate in FDG‐PET was 17% on day 5 and 20% on day 14. No patient reached partial response in CT scan. Median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.25 and 5.85 months, respectively.ConclusionsTreatment of patients with relapsed solid tumors with 7.5 mg/d E and 800 mg/d S is safe and feasible. Early metabolic response in FDG‐PET was not confirmed in CT scan several weeks later. The combination of S and E is obviously not sufficient to induce durable responses in patients with KRAS‐mutant solid tumors.
Corporate social responsibility and stock price informativeness: The public interest perspective
Authors: Marhfor Ahmed , Bouslah Kais , M'Zali Bouchra , Ghilal Rachid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new theory that sheds a different light on the potential relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Stock Price Informativeness (PI). More specifically, we explain why a neutral association between CSR and PI can be an indicator of high economic and social welfare, while a positive association can be an indicator of both markets and governments failure. Under a neutral relationship, we argue that mandatory disclosure is getting firms to disclose near their optimal level. Therefore, any voluntary disclosure beyond the mandatory regime (such as CSR disclosure) should not improve PI. We base our hypothesis on public interest theory that suggests that regulators promote the public interest when a market failure is identified. On the other hand, under a positive association between CSR and PI, we argue that regulators do not offer adequate incentives for firms to disclose at their socially optimal levels because the level of voluntary disclosure by socially responsible firms is optimal in comparison to the level of mandatory disclosure provided by other firms with weak CSR engagement.
Nine‐Step Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Rhizonin A
Authors: Liu Qingchao , Liu Langlang , Ratnayake Ranjala , Luesch Hendrik , Guo Yian , Ye Tao 
Published: May 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionWe have achieved the total synthesis of an architecturally and biologically intriguing cyclic polypeptide, rhizonin A (1), in an exceptionally concise and convergent fashion. The strategic route entails 9 longest linear steps to elaborate commercially available materials into the natural product with an overall yield of 9.7%. The brevity of sequence and high overall yield was fueled by the judicious selection of chemical tactics. Rhizonin A (1) showed weak inhibitory effects on the cell viability of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells and this activity was dependent on hypoxia‐inducible factors.
The influence of loading configurations on numerical evaluation of failure mechanisms in an uncemented femoral prosthesis
Authors: Mathai Basil , Gupta Sanjay 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe clinical relevance of numerical predictions of failure mechanisms in femoral prosthesis could be impaired due to simplification of musculoskeletal loading. This study investigated the extent to which loading configurations affect the preclinical analysis of an uncemented femoral implant. Patient‐specific, CT‐scan based FE models of intact and implanted femurs were developed and analysed using three loading configurations, which comprised of load cases representing daily activities. First loading configuration consisted of two load cases, each of walking and stair climbing. The second consisted of more number of load cases for each of these activities. The third included load cases of additional activities of standing up and sitting down. Failure criteria included maximum principal strains, interface debonding, implant‐bone relative displacement and adaptive bone remodelling. Simplified loading configurations led to a reduction (100‐1500 με) around cortical principal strains. The area prone to interface debonding were observed in the proximo‐medial part of implant and was maximum when all activities were considered. This area was reduced by 35%, when simplified loading configurations were chosen. Interfacial area of 88%‐96% experienced implant‐bone relative displacements below 40 μm; however maximum of 110 μm was observed at the calcar region. Lack of consideration of variety of activities overestimated (30%‐50%) bone resorption around the lateral part of the implant; hence, these bone remodelling results were less clinically relevant. Considering a variety daily activities along with an adequate number of load cases for each activity seemed necessary for pre‐clinical evaluations of reconstructed femur.
Dynamic Covalent Chemistry as a Facile Route to Unusual Main‐Group Thiolate Assemblies and Disulfide Hoops and Cages
Authors: Phan Ngoc‐Minh , Percástegui Edmundo G. , Johnson Darren W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDynamic Covalent Chemistry (DCC) – combining the robustness of covalent bonds with the self‐correcting nature of supramolecular chemistry – facilitates the modular synthesis of complex molecular assemblies in high yields. Although numerous reactions form covalent bonds, only a small set of chemical transformations affect covalent bond formation reversibly under suitable conditions for DCC. Further progress in this area still requires the identification of dynamic motifs and greater insights into their reversibility. We have fruitfully employed DCC of both thiolate coordination to main‐group elements and disulfide formation for the facile self‐assembly of: (1) metal/metalloid–thiolate assemblies, and (2) purely organic cyclic and caged disulfides, thioethers, and even hydrocarbons, many of which have remained elusive by traditional stepwise synthesis yet form readily through our methods. In this Minireview, we highlight the approaches to prepare these unusual compounds and the factors inducing structural transformations or favoring the formation of certain products over others, given a set of external stimuli or reaction conditions.
In‐session interactive dynamics of the psychotherapy process between therapeutic alliance, therapist expertise, therapist technical intervention, patient metacognition and functioning
Authors: Locati Francesca , Rossi Germano , Lang Margherita , Parolin Laura 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEmpirical research has explored different dimensions of the therapy process and their associations, often showing bidirectional links: for example, metacognition may be favoured by a positive alliance with the clinician; on the other hand, metacognitive difficulties may be an obstacle for the alliance. However, little is still known about the overall relationship between multiple dimensions during the psychotherapy process. The aim of this study is to further explore the in‐session interaction of therapeutic process variables, focusing on patient metacognition, therapeutic alliance, technical intervention, therapist expertise, and patient functioning.Participants included 45 patients involved in a psychodynamic weekly treatment in two clinical centres. Therapists were both in‐training and experienced clinicians. Four instruments were applied on four psychotherapy sessions (178 verbatim transcripts): Metacognition Assessment Scale‐Revised (MAS‐R) assessing metacognition, Collaborative Interaction Scale (CIS) assessing therapeutic alliance, Psychodynamic Intervention Rating Scale (PIRS) assessing therapist technical interventions, and Shedler–Westen Assessment Procedure (SWAP)‐200 assessing patient functioning.Sequential analyses revealed that specific therapist interventions co‐occurred with three different levels of therapeutic alliance: a first one characterized by positive collaboration, the second one by neutral collaboration, and the third one by ruptures. Moreover, and critically, the patient metacognition, patient functioning, and therapist expertise were found to exert different effects in the three alliance levels.These findings suggest the existence of a specific interdependence between the variables involved in the research. These results further indicate that the therapist expertise is a key element in the therapeutic process, as it can drastically affect the in‐session interactive dynamic.
Resting state heart rate variability in clinical and subthreshold disordered eating: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Watford Tanya S. , Braden Abby , O'Brien William H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveResearch has demonstrated mixed results regarding the direction of the association between vagal activation and disordered eating. The current meta‐analysis examined studies testing the link between resting‐state heart rate variability indices of vagal activation (vmHRV), and both clinical and subthreshold disordered eating.MethodA systematic search of the literature resulted in the inclusion of studies that were correlational (associations between HRV and disordered eating symptoms) and that examined group differences (e.g., control group vs. disordered eating group), for a total of 36 samples.ResultsFindings indicated a small but reliable association of vmHRV with disordered eating, r = 0.12, indicating greater vagal activation in individuals with disordered eating compared to those with little or no disordered eating behavior. Moderation analyses identified predictors of the vmHRV/disordered eating association. Bulimia nervosa was found to have a large, positive effect size with vmHRV, r = 0.60, which was significantly greater than all other types of disordered eating,
Q
T = 10.74, p = .047. Compared to subthreshold disordered eating, clinical eating disorders demonstrated significant, persistent increased vagal activation with a medium, reliable effect size, r = 25, QT = 3.94, p = .045.ConclusionThese insights contribute to an improved understanding of the pathophysiology in disordered eating.