bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The biology and control of an emerging shield bug pest, Pentatoma rufipes (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Powell Glen 
Published: August 2020

Pentatoma rufipes (L.) is common and widespread across much of the Palaearctic. The insect is particularly associated with deciduous trees and may remain in woodlands throughout the year, feeding on species such as oak, beech, and hazel.
Pentatoma rufipes is emerging as an important pest of tree fruit in northern Europe. In recent years, agronomists have been finding increasing numbers of P. rufipes in and around orchards. Feeding activity on developing fruits is being linked with pitting and distortion damage to crops including apples and pears.
There has been limited research into the ecology of this pest. Crops are particularly susceptible shortly after flowering, when over‐wintered P. rufipes nymphs feed on developing fruit.
Limited information is available linking local population levels and activity with damage. There has been some research on the impact of control strategies, but the most effective product tested was a broad‐spectrum pyrethroid insecticide. Assessments of more selective plant protection products and the availability of alternative control strategies would help develop more integrated and effective control programmes for this pest. This review highlights several key findings concerning the biology and control of the pest and makes specific recommendations for further research.
Computed tomographic and radiographic morphology of the pastern and coffin joints of One‐Humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Alsafy Mohamed A. M. , El‐Gendy Samir A. , Kamal Basma 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe objective of the current study was to describe the structures of the pastern and coffin joints in dromedary camel using x‐ray, bone and soft tissue windows computed tomography (CT) and three‐dimensional volume rendering (3DVR) of CT imaging. 3DVR of CT was obtained at the slight flexed dorsal view, plantar view, dorsolateral view and lateral view which explained all the surfaces and structures of the digit bony parts even the parts of the articular surface. The processed images of 3DVR of CT showed different patterns of the cortical, cancellous, subchondral bones and medullary cavity of the bones of the digits. The present study showed clearly all the hard and soft tissues in the pastern and coffin joints of the camel in CT images; however, the plantar ligaments of the pastern joint and ligaments of the navicular cartilage identified on CT images. The CT soft tissue window visualized the joint cavity and their pouches and tendon sheath of the flexor tendons better than the bone window CT. The radiographic, CT and 3D images could be used as a normal reference for the interpretation of some clinical diseases in the pastern and coffin joints of the camel.
Mortality in the first year of aged care services in Australia
Authors: Inacio Maria C. , Lang Catherine E. , Khadka Jyoti , Watt Amber M. , Crotty Maria , Wesselingh Steve , Whitehead Craig 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the one‐year mortality of Australians entering aged care services compared with the general population.MethodsA population‐based analysis evaluating one‐year mortality among people who received first ever aged care services in 2013 compared with the general population was conducted.ResultsIn 2013, 3.3 million Australians were ≥ 65 years and 34 919 (1%) entered permanent residential care, 23 288 (0.7%) respite care, 20 265 (0.6%) commenced home care packages, and 15 387 (0.5%) transition care. Individuals receiving aged care services had higher mortality than the general population, with those entering permanent residential care (age and sex direct standardised mortality rate ratio = 10.1, 95% CI: 9.8‐10.5) having the greatest difference, followed by people accessing respite (7.2, 95% CI: 6.9‐7.6), transition (4.6, 95% CI: 4.4‐4.9) and home care (4.1, 95% CI: 3.9‐4.4). Significant variation by sex and age was observed.ConclusionOur study has identified significant variations in mortality rates that highlight which cohorts entering aged care are the most vulnerable.
Histopathological discrepancy between biopsy and Mohs micrographic surgery in keratinocyte carcinoma: A 464 case series in an Australian population
Authors: Stewart Nicholas , Rodríguez Bandera Ana Isabel , Lee Simon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground/objectivesTherapeutic approaches to keratinocyte carcinoma rely on the accuracy of the biopsy to correctly identify, grade or subtype the tumour. Several studies have investigated the frequency and nature of histopathological discordance between the biopsy and final excision specimen. We analysed information extracted from an Australian Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) database and compared similar studies.MethodsAn Australian MMS database was retrospectively reviewed for a period of one year. Correlation was made between the preoperative lesion diagnosis based on the formal pathology report and the histopathological results reported at the time of MMS. A systematic PubMed review of similar articles was also performed.ResultsA total of 464 cancers (406 BCC and 58 SCC) in 399 patients were included. The overall discrepancy rate in the histopathological classification of keratinocyte carcinoma in our study (42.2%) and the proportion of cases in which the biopsy underestimated the aggressiveness of the tumour (12.9%) were consistent with those found in similar studies. The percentage of biopsies that failed to identify an aggressive BCC subtype (31.6%), and that of biopsy‐proven superficial BCC that demonstrated an invasive component in MMS (79.3%), were higher in our study than in comparable studies. The high prevalence of mixed histopathological subtypes, especially amongst BCC with discordant histopathological results, appeared as an important contributing factor.ConclusionsDespite subtle differences, the results from this Australian study support the results from similar studies and highlight that the biopsy report should be carefully interpreted in combination with the clinical findings.
Lichen sclerosus and hidradenitis suppurativa: Two case reports of a new possible association
Authors: Moliterni Elisa , Miraglia Emanuele , Iacovino Chiara , Bianchini Daniela , Giustini Sandra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report the cases of two women affected by lichen sclerosus also having clinical signs of hidradenitis suppurativa. Lichen sclerosus is a chronic autoimmune disease, in which activated fibroblasts produce significantly altered collagen leading to fibrosis Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease affecting folliculopilosebaceous unit and apocrine gland, which lesions are nodules and abscesses. The association between lichen sclerosus and autoimmune disorders is well known, but not the one with hidradenitis suppurativa. We present two case reports of these unusual comorbidities.
Is short‐term exposure to grass pollen adversely associated with lung function and airway inflammation in the community?
Authors: Idrose Nur Sabrina , Tham Rachel C. A. , Lodge Caroline J. , Lowe Adrian J. , Bui Dinh , Perret Jennifer L. , Vicendese Don , Newbigin Edward J. , Tang Mimi L. K. , Aldakheel Fahad M. , Waidyatillake Nilakshi T. , Douglass Jo A. , Abramson Michael J. , Walters Eugene Haydn , Erbas Bircan , Dharmage Shyamali C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe association between grass pollen exposure and early markers of asthma exacerbations such as lung function changes and increase in airway inflammation is limited. We investigated the associations between short‐term grass pollen exposure and lung function and airway inflammation in a community‐based sample, and whether any such associations were modified by current asthma, current hay fever, pollen sensitization, age, and other environmental factors.MethodsCross‐sectional and short‐term analyses of data from the Melbourne Atopy Cohort Study (MACS) participants (n = 936). Lung function was assessed using spirometry. Airway inflammation was assessed by fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and exhaled breath condensate pH and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Daily pollen counts were collected using a volumetric spore trap. The associations were examined by linear regression.ResultsHigher ambient levels of grass pollen 2 days before (lag 2) were associated with lower mid‐forced expiratory flow (FEF25%‐75%) and FEV1/FVC ratio (Coef. [95% CI] = −119 [−226, −11] mL/s and −1.0 [−3.0, −0.03] %, respectively) and also 3 days before (lag 3). Increased levels of grass pollen a day before (lag 1) were associated with increased FeNO (4.35 [−0.1, 8.7] ppb) and also at lag 2. Adverse associations between pollen and multiple outcomes were greater in adults with current asthma, hay fever, and pollen sensitization.ConclusionGrass pollen exposure was associated with eosinophilic airway inflammation 1‐2 days after exposure and airway obstruction 2‐3 days after exposure. Adults and individuals with asthma, hay fever, and pollen sensitization may be at higher risk.
Karma Masters: The Ethical Wound, Hauntological Choreography, and Complex Personhood in Thailand
Authors: Stonington Scott D. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIn contexts of severe illness in Northern Thailand, many conceive of themselves as combinations of beings assembled through the binding ethical force of karma. Scholars working in many world areas have built frameworks for understanding “complex” (distributed, partible, fluid, transient) personhood. In this article, I bring these frameworks into conversation with ethical theory to ask how one can make sense of ethical action when one is always already partly the other. For many in Northern Thailand, the answer is anethical and hauntological choreography; rather than relying only on rational frameworks for right action or cultivating individual ethical dispositions, people seek to assemble optimal elements—other people, beings that have become components of themselves, material objects infused with ethical force—into scenes where the residual karmic “stickiness” of all can be unmade. This unmaking is achieved through a form of forgiveness and kindness that moves beyond individual agency. [personhood, ethics, ontology, haunting, Buddhism, Thailand]
An observational study of distractions in the operating theatre
Authors: van Harten A. , Gooszen H. G. , Koksma J. J. , Niessen T. J. H. , Abma T. A. 
Published: August 2020

SummarySeveral studies have reported on the negative impact of interruptions and distractions on anaesthetic, surgical and team performance in the operating theatre. This study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of these events and why they remain part of everyday clinical practice. We used a mixed methods observational study design. We scored each distractor and interruption according to an established scheme during induction of anaesthesia and the surgical procedure for 58 general surgical cases requiring general anaesthesia. We made field notes of observations, small conversations and meetings. We observed 64 members of staff for 148 hours and recorded 4594 events, giving a mean (SD) event rate of 32.8 (16.3) h‐1. The most frequent events observed during induction of anaesthesia were door movements, which accounted for 869 (63%) events, giving a mean (SD) event rate of 28.1 (14.5) h‐1. These, however, had little impact. The most common events observed during surgery were case‐irrelevant verbal communication and smartphone usage, which accounted for 1020 (32%) events, giving a mean (SD) event rate of 9.0 (4.2) h‐1. These occurred mostly in periods of low work‐load in a sub‐team. Participants ranged from experiencing these events as severe disruption through to a welcome distraction that served to keep healthcare professionals active during low work‐load, as well as reinforcing the social connections between colleagues. Mostly, team members showed no awareness of the need for silence among other sub‐teams and did not vocalise the need for silence to others. Case‐irrelevant verbal communication and smartphone usage may serve a physical and psychological need. The extent to which healthcare professionals may feel disrupted depends on the situation and context. When a team member was disrupted, a resilient team response often lacked. Reducing disruptive social activity might be a powerful strategy to develop a habit of cross‐monitoring and mutual help across surgical and anaesthetic sub‐teams. Further research is needed on how to bridge cultural borders and develop resilient interprofessional behaviours.
Anatomic accuracy of airway training manikins compared with humans*
Authors: Blackburn M. B. , Wang S. C. , Ross B. E. , Holcombe S. A. , Kempski K. M. , Blackburn A. N. , DeLorenzo R. A. , Ryan K. L. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryAirway simulators, or training manikins, are frequently used in research studies for device development and training purposes. This study was designed to determine the anatomic accuracy of the most frequently used low‐fidelity airway training manikins. Computerised tomography scans and ruler measurements were taken of the SynDaver®, Laerdal® and AirSim® manikins. These measurements were compared with human computerised tomography (CT) scans (n = 33) from patients at the University of Michigan Medical Center or previously published values. Manikin measurements were scored as a percentile among the distribution of the same measurements in the human population and 10 out of 27 manikin measurements (nine measurements each in three manikins) were outside of two standard deviations from the mean in the participants. All three manikins were visually identifiable as outliers when plotting the first two dimensions from multidimensional scaling. In particular, the airway space between the epiglottis and posterior pharyngeal wall, through which airway devices must pass, was too large in all three manikins. SynDaver, Laerdal and AirSim manikins do not have anatomically correct static dimensions in relation to humans and these inaccuracies may lead to imprecise airway device development, negatively affect training and cause over‐confidence in users.
Re‐admissions after ileostomy formation: a retrospective analysis from a New Zealand tertiary centre
Authors: Liu Chen , Bhat Sameer , O'Grady Gregory , Bissett Ian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIleostomy formation is a commonly performed procedure in colorectal surgery. The morbidity associated with ileostomies is substantial, particularly for unplanned hospital re‐admissions and re‐admissions with dehydration. Studies of post‐ileostomy re‐admissions from an Australasian institution are currently lacking. This retrospective study aimed to quantify the 60‐day re‐admission rate after ileostomy formation in a New Zealand tertiary centre and to determine the predictive factors.MethodsThe surgical database of Auckland City Hospital was searched for all patients aged ≥18 years with a new ileostomy formed between first January 2015 and first January 2019. Patient electronic medical records were reviewed to obtain data regarding the primary outcome of re‐admissions within 60 days of discharge, as well as patient and operative variables. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of all‐cause re‐admissions and re‐admissions with dehydration.ResultsA total of 246 patients with 266 ileostomy formations were included. The 60‐day re‐admission rate was 29.3%, with dehydration present in 27.0% of these re‐admissions. Renal impairment at discharge (odds ratio 2.819, 95% confidence interval 1.087–7.310) and the presence of at least one Clavien‐Dindo 1 complication (odds ratio 2.268, 95% confidence interval 1.301–3.954) were independently associated with all‐cause re‐admission. The independent predictors of re‐admission with dehydration were renal impairment at discharge, codeine prescribed on discharge, Charlson Comorbidity Index and body mass index.ConclusionUnplanned hospital re‐admission following ileostomy formation is a significant issue in the New Zealand patient population. Some patient groups are at particularly high risk, such as those with renal impairment at discharge.
Acute diverticulitis: an ongoing economic burden on the health system
Authors: O'Grady Michael , Turner Gregory , Currie William , Yi Ma , Frizelle Frank , Purcell Rachel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute diverticulitis (AD) is an increasingly common cause of acute hospital admissions. An understanding of its economic burden is necessary to plan resource allocation, and for targeting health research funding. The aim of this study is to obtain an accurate estimate of the cost of AD, accounting not only for the initial episode, but all related costs incurred during long‐term follow‐up.MethodsThe study captures a cohort of patients who had an initial admission for AD from 1 January 2012–31 December 2012, and their treatment over a 6‐year period. Cases were identified from a prospectively maintained database, with AD confirmed by computed tomography scan. The primary outcome was total healthcare cost related to AD.ResultsThe study included 170 patients. The total cost was NZD1 956 859 with a median cost per patient of NZD4814. A total of 57% of the cost was incurred for the initial inpatient admission, with the remaining 43% incurred through re‐admission, follow‐up appointments, investigations and management. Half of the total cost was incurred by 11.8% of the cohort. In multivariate analysis, high cost of care was significantly associated with complicated and recurrent disease, operative intervention and length of stay.ConclusionThis study provides an accurate estimate of the overall cost of AD and its sequelae. There are considerable long‐term costs associated with the index episode and a large proportion of the expenditure is incurred by a small group that included those with complicated disease. These findings are important for healthcare resource allocation and for targeting health research funding.
Random colonic biopsies in macroscopically normal colonoscopies: is there any benefit? A two‐centre audit of current practice
Authors: Seenarain Vidya , Idrees Marwan , Mogridge Jessie , Sinha Atul , Thompson Andrew 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent guidelines from the British Society of Gastroenterology published in April 2018, recommended performing random colonic biopsies (RCB) in endoscopically normal colonic mucosa when investigating chronic diarrhoea in adults to rule out microscopic colitis; however, cost effectiveness was not accounted for due to poor evidence base. There is now more evidence that RCBs are of low yield and of significant cost.MethodsA two‐centre audit of current practice was conducted at Rockingham General Hospital and Fremantle Hospital in Western Australia, aiming to determine the yield of RCB in macroscopically normal mucosa for microscopic colitis, from 1 January 2009 to 30 June 2018, with comparisons of practice and results between gastroenterologists and general surgeons. Variability in the indications (diarrhoea and non‐diarrhoea indications) for RCBs was determined and the cost of consumables, additional endoscopy time and histopathology analysis were calculated.ResultsA total of 872 normal colonoscopies with RCBs were included; 48.7% of colonoscopies with RCB were for diarrhoea. Only 1.5% of RCBs were positive for microscopic colitis; 3.1% of patients with diarrhoea had microscopic colitis. Only one patient received pharmacologial treatment as a result of the test. The calculated cost per positive diagnosis of microscopic colitis was $10 862.42.ConclusionRCBs from normal colonic mucosa have poor yield and are costly. Local guidelines should be updated, so RCBs are performed only in patients with a high degree of suspicion of an organic cause of chronic diarrhoea.
Supravesical hernias: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Katsaros Ioannis , Routsi Eleni , Papapanou Michail , Mastoraki Aikaterini , Kontogeorgi Evangelia , Tsapralis Dimitrios , Vlachos Konstantinos , Schizas Dimitrios 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundA supravesical hernia (SH) is a rare abdominal wall hernia that is defined by the protrusion of abdominal viscera through the supravesical fossa. The objective of this study was to review current literature on SHs and elucidate their clinical manifestations and preferred therapeutic approach.MethodsPubMed, Embase and Cochrane bibliographical databases were searched (last search: 30 March 2020) for articles reporting on SHs.ResultsThirty‐four studies met our inclusion criteria and involved collectively 38 patients (94.7% males) with an age of 59.57 ± 14.84 (mean ± standard deviation) years. Abdominal pain (81.6%) and nausea and vomit (71.1%) were the most frequently encountered symptoms. The majority of patients (78.1%) had signs of bowel obstruction. Twenty‐nine patients (76.3%) suffered from an internal SH, while nine (23.7%) had an external one. An open hernia repair was conducted at 29 patients (76.3%), while eight (21.1%) had a laparoscopic approach and in one case (2.6%) the laparoscopic operation was converted to an open one. A mesh was applied at 14.3% of included cases. Eight patients (21.1%) underwent a bowel resection and hernia sac was resected at six (15.8%) cases. Four patients (11.8%) experienced postoperative complications and one patient (2.9%) died on first postoperative day.ConclusionSH is an extremely rare type of hernia occurring through the supravesical fossa between the remnants of urachus and foetal umbilical arteries. All clinicians should be aware of this entity and further studies are necessary in order to clarify their aetiology, true incidence and optimal therapeutic approach.
Aminoglycosides were associated with higher rates of surgical patent ductus arteriosus closure in preterm infants
Authors: Marissen Janina , Erdmann Harald , Böckenholt Kai , Hoppenz Marc , Rausch Tanja K. , Härtel Christoph , Herting Egbert , Göpel Wolfgang ,   the German Neonatal Network
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimIn animal studies, aminoglycosides induced ductus arteriosus relaxation in a dose‐dependent fashion. We tested the hypothesis that antibiotic treatment of preterm infants with aminoglycosides is associated with higher rates of surgical patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure.MethodsPreterm infants (birthweight <1000 grams or gestational age <29 weeks) enrolled in 62 German neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) were analysed. NICUs were stratified according to the use of aminoglycosides as first‐line antibiotics.ResultsBaseline data were not different when NICUs using aminoglycosides (n = 9965 infants) were compared to NICUs using other antibiotics (n = 1948 infants). Rates of surgical PDA closure were 5.9% for NICUs using aminoglycosides; 6.2% for units using gentamicin; and 5.0% for NICUs using tobramycin compared to 4.1% in NICUs using other antibiotics (P < .001, P < .001 and P = .140, respectively, Fisher's exact test). Indomethacin and ibuprofen use was more common in NICUs using aminoglycosides (41% vs 33%, P < .001, Fisher's exact test). Gentamicin trough levels were higher in NICUs with surgical closure rates above the mean (median 2.0 µg/mL, inter‐quartile range 0.8‐4.0 µg/mL vs 1.2 µg/mL, IQR 0.8‐1.7, P < .001, Mann‐Whitney U test).ConclusionFirst‐line antibiotic treatment of preterm infants with aminoglycosides was associated with higher rates of surgical PDA closure.