bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phylogenetic survey of Myrtaceae in the Greater Antilles with nomenclatural changes for some endemic species
Authors: Flickinger Jonathan A. , Jestrow Brett , Oviedo Prieto Ramona , Santiago‐Valentín Eugenio , Sustache‐Sustache José , Jiménez‐Rodríguez Francisco , Campbell Keron C. St. E. , Francisco‐Ortega Javier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMyrtaceae are a large family of trees and shrubs, including ca. 2500 species within the predominantly Neotropical and taxonomically problematic tribe Myrteae. Nearly 500 species of Myrteae are endemic to the Caribbean Islands Biodiversity Hotspot, but few have been represented in phylogenetic systematic studies to date. The major goals of this survey are to identify the main lineages of Myrteae present in the Greater Antilles and potential clades for further investigation. Specific objectives are to evaluate the monophyly and placement of the following: (1) the three genera of Myrtaceae considered endemic to the Caribbean Islands (Calyptrogenia,Hottea,Mitranthes); (2)CalycolpusandPseudanamomissensu Bisse; and (3) Greater Antillean species ofPlinia. To accomplish these aims, species of Myrtaceae representing all genera native to the Greater Antilles were sampled from across the region for placement within previously established phylogenetic frameworks for Myrteae and the large genusEugenia. In total, 160 terminal taxa of Myrtaceae (89 Caribbean Islands endemics) were analyzed for this study. Phylogenetic inference was conducted by maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods on alignments of DNA sequence data from one nuclear (ITS) and three chloroplast (psbA‐trnH,ndhF‐rpl32,trnL‐trnF) regions. Results of both types of analysis were congruent with each other and with the major clades recovered in previous studies, but some conflict was observed between nuclear and chloroplast regions involving congeneric species.Calycorectes(=Hottea)ekmaniifrom eastern Cuba was found to be closely related toCalycolpuswithin subtribe Myrtinae. Subtribes Myrciinae, Pliniinae, Pimentinae (Pimenta and Psidium groups) and Eugeniinae contained other Greater Antillean species. Sampled species ofPliniafrom Cuba emerged withinMyrciaria, andMitrantheswas found to be non‐monophyletic. All sampled species ofEugeniaendemic to the Caribbean fell withinE.sect.Excelsae(includingCalycolpussensu Bisse),E.sect.RacemosaeandE.sect.Umbellataeexcept forE. cycloidea, which was associated with the Old World species ofE.sect.Jossinia. WithinEugeniasect.Umbellatae, Caribbean species formed two major clades, designated C1 and C2, containing species ofCalyptrogeniaandHotteafrom southern Hispaniola,a polyphyleticPseudanamomissensu Bisse and the Lathberry Clade, a novel group ofEugeniaspecies centered in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.CalyptrogeniaandHotteaspecies from southern Hispaniola are transferred toEugeniaalong withPseudanamomis nipensis, whileMitranthesspecies are transferred toMyrcia. Two additional combinations are made withinEugeniaandPimentain accordance with the results, and lectotypes are designated as appropriate.
Phylogenetic and morphologic survey of orbicules in angiosperms
Authors: Ruggiero Franco , Bedini Gianni 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOrbicules are granules of sporopollenin or polymorphic sporopollenin‐elements produced by the tapetum, associated with pollen grains and tapetum cells. In angiosperms, they are common in the ANA grade and monocots, but are absent in late‐branching clades such as the majority of Asteraceae and the majority of Lamiaceae, revealing an evolutionary trend from presence to absence along the phylogenetic tree. However, for several orders of angiosperms, no data on orbicules is available. We investigated orbicules in 34 species from 29 different genera and 14 orders, for which limited or no data was available (Acorales, Arecales, Buxales, Celastrales, Crossosomatales, Dilleniales, Escalloniales, Fagales, Garryales, Gunnerales, Paracryphiales, Santalales, Trochodendrales, Zygophyllales). We photographed pollen sacs and pollen grains with a SEM, then described selected orbicule traits and measured their size. We then calculated: (1) the phylogenetic signals for (a) orbicule size in a selected group of species and (b) presence/absence of orbicules in all angiosperm groups until now recorded in the literature; (2) the ancestral state of orbicule size; (3) origin, loss and transition rate for presence/absence of orbicules in angiosperms. Orbicule traits are supported both by a strong phylogenetic signal and by a significant evolutionary trait value. The evolutionary rate for the presence of orbicules confirms that it is a plesiomorphic trait showing adaptive radiation with a significant increase in origins and diversification, while the phylogenetic signal for size of the orbicules indicates evolutionary convergence. Furthermore, we detected an evolutionary trend towards a reduction in the size of orbicules, that might have led to their absence in most late‐branching clades.
Outcome of radiofrequency ablation for selective fetal reduction before vs at or after 16 gestational weeks in complicated monochorionic pregnancy
Authors: Ting Y. H. , Poon L. C. Y. , Tse W. T. , Chung M. Y. , Wah Y. M. , Hui A. S. Y. , Law K. M. , Chaemsaithong P. , Leung T. Y. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate whether gestational age at intervention (< or ≥ 16 weeks) and other factors affect the risk of loss of the cotwin after selective fetal reduction using radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in monochorionic (MC) pregnancy.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective analysis of 63 consecutive RFA procedures performed at our institution from January 2011 to October 2019 for selective fetal reduction in complicated MC pregnancies. Indications for RFA were twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence (13 cases), twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (12 cases), twin anemia–polycythemia sequence (two cases), selective fetal growth restriction (10 cases), discordant anomalies (17 cases) and multifetal pregnancy reduction in triplets or quadruplets with a MC pair (nine cases). Twenty‐six (41.3%) of these procedures were performed before and 37 (58.7%) after 16 weeks. Potential factors that could affect the risk of loss of the cotwin, including gestational age at RFA, order of multiple pregnancy, amnionicity, indication for RFA and number of ablation cycles, were assessed first by univariate analysis and then by multivariate analysis.ResultsThere were 17 (27.0%) cotwin losses. Ablation cycles numbering four or more was the only factor among those investigated to be associated with loss of the cotwin after RFA (P = 0.035; odds ratio, 5.21), while the indication for RFA, order of multiple pregnancy, amnionicity and gestational age at RFA had no effect. Comparing RFA performed at < 16 vs ≥ 16 weeks, there was no difference in the rate of cotwin loss (23.1% vs 29.7%; P = 0.558) or preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes before 34 weeks (7.7% vs 5.4%; P = 0.853), or in the median gestational age at delivery (36.2 vs 37.3 weeks; P = 0.706).ConclusionsRFA is a promising tool for early selective fetal reduction in MC pregnancy before 16 weeks. Four or more ablation cycles is a major risk factor for cotwin loss. Careful assessment pre‐ and post‐RFA, together with proficient operative skills to minimize the number of ablation cycles, are the mainstay to ensure that this procedure is effective and safe. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Normal human brainstem development in vivo: a quantitative fetal MRI study
Authors: Dovjak G. O. , Schmidbauer V. , Brugger P. C. , Gruber G. M. , Diogo M. , Glatter S. , Weber M. , Ulm B. , Prayer D. , Kasprian G. J. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo characterize spatiotemporal growth differences of prenatal brainstem substructures and cerebellum, using linear biometry and planimetry on fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsIn this retrospective study, we included fetuses with normal brain and a precise midsagittal T2‐weighted brain MRI sequence obtained between May 2003 and April 2019. The cross‐sectional area, rostrocaudal diameter and anteroposterior diameter of the midbrain, pons (basis pontis and pontine tegmentum), medulla oblongata and cerebellar vermis, as well as the transverse cerebellar diameter, were quantified by a single observer. The diameters were also assessed by a second observer to test inter‐rater variability.ResultsWe included 161 fetuses with normal brain and a precise midsagittal MRI sequence, examined at a mean ± SD gestational age of 25.7 ± 5.4 (range, 14 + 0 to 39 + 2) weeks. All substructures of the fetal brainstem and the cerebellum could be measured consistently (mean ± SD interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.933 ± 0.065). We provide reference data for diameters and areas of the brainstem and cerebellum in the second and third trimesters. There was a significant quadratic relationship between vermian area and gestational age, and all other measured parameters showed a significant linear growth pattern within the observed period (P < 0.001). A significant change in the relative proportions of the brainstem substructures occurred between the beginning of the second trimester and the end of the third trimester, with an increase in the area of the pons (P < 0.001) and a decrease in that of the midbrain (P < 0.001), relative to the total brainstem area.ConclusionsThe substructures of the fetal brainstem follow a distinct spatiotemporal growth pattern, characterized by a relative increase in the pons and decrease in the midbrain, between 15 and 40 weeks of gestation. Caution is needed when interpreting fetal brainstem appearance during the early second trimester, as the brainstem proportions differ significantly from the adult morphology. The reference data provided herein should help to increase diagnostic accuracy in detecting disorders of defective hindbrain segmentation. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Clinical dental finding in Iranian horses
Authors: Samad Lotfollahzadeh , Tavanaeimanesh Hamid , Mehr Azin Hossein , Moadab Seyyed Hosein , Vajhi Ali Reza 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundA horse's well‐being is directly related to the management of its dental health. A good knowledge of the epidemiology and aetiology of dental disorders could help the owners and clinicians to prevent not only dental problems but also severe gastrointestinal diseases.ObjectivesIn this study we report the prevalence of dental disorders in horses in Iran.MethodsWe examined 317 horses randomly in eight provinces in Iran and 21 diseases were characterized in the examined horses. The observed diseases were compared among different breeds, genders and ages of the examined horses.ResultsThe factor of age among the other three factors was more important in the incidence of diseases because most of the diseases found were significantly different among age groups. Between different breeds examined, only cheek teeth cemental caries in Kurdish and Arabian horses was significantly different (p = .022). Enamel point with an occurrence of 34.4% was the most common disease. Broken cheek teeth were more prevalent in male horses in comparison with female horses (p = .035).ConclusionOur study showed a moderate prevalence of dental disorders in Iranian horse clubs, which could be reduced with better management.
Zoo soundscape: Daily variation of low‐to‐high‐frequency sounds
Authors: Pelletier Catherine , Weladji Robert B , Lazure Louis , Paré Patrick 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMost studies assessing the impact of noises on zoo animal welfare did not measure sound frequencies outside of the human‐hearing range (infrasounds and ultrasounds). Many nonhuman mammals can hear these frequencies, and because loud and variable soundscapes are potentially detrimental for animal welfare, this overlooked aspect of their acoustic environment could have important consequences. This study evaluated the soundscape of an urban zoo in a large frequency range (17.5–90,510 Hz) by measuring its average sound levels (Leq) and variability (the difference between highest and lowest peaks). Sound data were collected for 24 hr in 25 locations (e.g., indoor, outdoor, near the amusement park). The soundscape was not considered problematic for animal welfare when looking at the average sound levels in most locations (<77‐dB sound pressure level [SPL]), except for a few indoor areas and near the water park. Ultrasounds were rare, had low average sound levels, and were less variable in time. Infrasounds were always present and were the loudest and most variable sound frequencies. The soundscape was louder and more variable during the day and when visitors were present, suggesting that human‐related activities were the sources of these augmentations. Indoor environments were generally louder than outdoor environments and touristic features; however, the water park was near 85‐dB SPL during the day. On the basis of results, we suggest a series of mitigation actions to minimize noise‐related stress in captive animals.
Einführung
Authors: Daum Mario , Wedel Marco , Zinke-Wehlmann Christian , Ulbrich Hannah 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Arbeitswelt wird durch die digitale Transformation grundlegend verändert, wodurch sich die Gestaltung und Regulierung von Arbeit an neue Bedürfnisse und Herausforderungen ausrichten muss. Der vorliegende Sammelband umfasst fünfzehn Beiträge aus sechs Verbundvorhaben, die im Rahmen des Förderschwerpunkts „Arbeit in der digitalisierten Welt“ des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung den Transformationsprozess analysiert und auf deren Basis konkrete Lösungsansätze entwickelt und erprobt haben. In diesem Kapitel führen die Herausgeber in den Sammelband ein und erläutern den Kontext.
Erste Systematisierungsansätze für die Beschreibung eines modellhaften Crowdsourcing-Systems im Zusammenhang mit der Steuerung von Crowdsourcing
Authors: Wedel Marco , Ulbrich Hannah 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der aktuellen Forschungsdiskussion sind grundlegende Fragestellungen zur Steuerung von Crowdsourcing, hier auch internes Crowdsourcing (IC), in Verbindung mit einer systematischen IC-Beschreibung weitgehend unbeantwortet. Dies wurde im Verlauf des Forschungsvorhabens „ICU – Internes Crowdsourcing in Unternehmen“ deutlich. Die Forschungslücke zur IC-Systematik wird an der begrifflichen Unschärfe der vorhandenen Beschreibungen von Steuerungsaktivitäten in Zusammenhang mit Crowdsourcing gegenständlich. So werden etwa Begriffe wie Governance und Prozessmanagement als Steuerungskategorien angeführt, zuweilen aber gleichbedeutend verwendet. Das Fehlen definitorischer Klarheit ist angesichts des relativ jungen IC-Phänomens nicht verwunderlich. Aufgrund der wachsenden (wissenschaftlichen) Popularität ist es jedoch notwendig, systemtheoretisierende Grundlegungen für IC zu erarbeiten. Am Beispiel der Beschreibung von Steuerungsaktivitäten wird in diesem Beitrag ein erster Aufschlag zur Erarbeitung systemtheoretisierender Grundlagen vorgenommen.
Interne Crowd Work als Baustein einer Empowerment-orientierten Arbeitsorganisation
Authors: Simmert Benedikt , Eilers Karen , Peters Christoph , Leimeister Jan Marco 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungInterne Crowd Work gewinnt im Hinblick auf eine agilitätsfördernde Arbeitsorganisation immer mehr an Bedeutung. Das Empowerment der Mitarbeitenden kann dabei als ein zentraler Erfolgsfaktor angesehen werden. Um das Empowerment in interner Crowd Work zielgerichtet zu untersuchen und die Wahrnehmung aus Sicht der Mitarbeitenden sowie die Effekte auf Ebene der Gesamtorganisation zu verstehen und beschreiben zu können, analysieren wir die interne Crowd Work mit Hilfe einer literaturbasierten erweiterten Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtung sowie empirisch anhand von sechs Fallstudien. Auf organisationaler Ebene stehen im Ergebnis dabei insbesondere die Themen Organisationskultur, abteilungsübergreifende Zusammenarbeit und die Gestaltung von Aufgaben und Projekten im Fokus. Auf individueller Ebene können vornehmlich die selbstbestimmte Wahl von Arbeitsaufgaben inkl. selbstorganisierter Arbeitsprozesse sowie neue Führungsansätze als wesentliche Stellschrauben identifiziert werden.
Gemeinsames Arbeiten in der dezentralen digitalen Welt
Authors: Görmar Lars , Bouncken Ricarda B. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Projekt Hierda werden Treiber und Barrieren der Arbeit von und in Coworking-Spaces analysiert. In diesem Rahmen konnten vier verschiedene Coworking-Space Arten identifiziert werden, die sich primär im Bereich Betreibende, Geschäftsmodell und somit anvisierte Nutzende unterscheiden. Um diese verschiedenen Arten von Coworking-Space erfolgreich zu betreiben sind unterschiedliche Ausgestaltungen und unterstützende Personen notwendig. In diesem Beitrag wird u. a. aufgezeigt, wie Permeabilität und Gemeinschaft den unterschiedlichen Nutzendengruppen zu besserer Arbeit und zu besseren Arbeitsergebnissen verhelfen. Insgesamt können so durch verbesserte Kommunikation und verstärkten Wissensaustausch Innovationen auf Produkt-, Geschäfts- und Geschäftsmodellebene gezielt erreicht werden.
Erreichbarkeitsmanagement in der betrieblichen Praxis
Authors: Grießhaber Daniel , Maucher Johannes , Laufs Uwe , Staab Katharina , Saternus Zofia , Weinhardt Stephanie 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungSmartphones und Laptops führen dazu, dass Arbeitnehmer über Handy oder E-Mail immer und überall arbeiten können und stets erreichbar sind. Da so die Grenzen von Privat- und Berufsleben immer mehr verschwimmen, befürchten Arbeitnehmervertreter und Politiker negative Folgen für Arbeitgeber und Beschäftigte. Deshalb suchen auch immer mehr Unternehmen nach Lösungen für ein effektives Erreichbarkeitsmanagement. Zur Umsetzung eines solchen Erreichbarkeitsmanagements können sowohl organisatorische als auch technische Ansätze verfolgt werden. Dieser Beitrag gibt Einblick in Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojekts SANDRA. Das Projekt entwickelt neben organisatorischen Lösungen auch einen Erreichbarkeits-Assistenten für Smartphones, der in Pilot-Unternehmen erprobt wird. Zudem zeigt der Beitrag die Erprobung und Evaluierung der Projektergebnisse in der betrieblichen Praxis auf.
Non-compact duality, super-Weyl invariance and effective actions
Authors: Kuzenko Sergei M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In both $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetry, it is known that Sp(2n, ℝ) is the maximal duality group of n vector multiplets coupled to chiral scalar multiplets τ(x, θ) that parametrise the Hermitian symmetric space Sp(2n, ℝ)/U(n). If the coupling to τ is introduced for n superconformal gauge multiplets in a supergravity background, the action is also invariant under super-Weyl transformations. Computing the path integral over the gauge prepotentials in curved superspace leads to an effective action Γ[τ,$$ \overline{\tau} $$

τ
¯

] with the following properties: (i) its logarithmically divergent part is invariant under super-Weyl and rigid Sp(2n, ℝ) transformations; (ii) the super-Weyl transformations are anomalous upon renormalisation. In this paper we describe the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 locally supersymmetric “induced actions” which determine the logarithmically divergent parts of the corresponding effective actions. In the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 case, superfield heat kernel techniques are used to compute the induced action of a single vector multiplet (n = 1) coupled to a chiral dilaton-axion multiplet. We also describe the general structure of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 super-Weyl anomalies that contain weight-zero chiral scalar multiplets ΦI taking values in a Kähler manifold. Explicit anomaly calculations are carried out in the n = 1 case.
Boost generator in AdS3 integrable superstrings for general braiding
Authors: Nieto García Juan Miguel , Torrielli Alessandro , Wyss Leander 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper we find a host of boost operators for a very general choice of coproducts in AdS3-inspired scattering theories, focusing on the massless sector, with and without an added trigonometric deformation. We find that the boost coproducts are exact symmetries of the R-matrices we construct, besides fulfilling the relations of modified Poincaŕe-type superalgebras. In the process, we discover an ambiguity in determining the boost coproduct which allows us to derive differential constraints on our R-matrices. In one particular case of the trigonometric deformation, we find a non-coassociative structure which satisfies the axioms of a quasi-Hopf algebra.
Post-neoadjuvant treatment with capecitabine and trastuzumab emtansine in breast cancer patients—sequentially, or better simultaneously?
Authors: Piroth Marc D. , Krug David , Sedlmayer Felix , Duma Marciana-Nona , Baumann René , Budach Wilfried , Dunst Jürgen , Feyer Petra , Fietkau Rainer , Haase Wulf , Harms Wolfgang , Hehr Thomas , Souchon Rainer , Strnad Vratislav , Sauer Rolf ,   Breast Cancer Expert Panel of the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO)
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, postoperative systemic therapy, also called post-neoadjuvant treatment, has been established in defined risk settings. We reviewed the evidence for sequencing of postoperative radiation and chemotherapy, with a focus on a capecitabine and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1)-based regimen.

Methods
A systematic literature search using the PubMed/MEDLINE/Web of Science database was performed. We included prospective and retrospective reports published since 2015 and provided clinical data on toxicity and effectiveness.

Results
Six studies were included, five of which investigated capecitabine-containing regimens. Of these, four were prospective investigations and one a retrospective matched comparative analysis. One randomized prospective trial was found for T‑DM1 and radiotherapy. In the majority of these reports, radiation-associated toxicities were not specifically addressed.

Conclusion
Regarding oncologic outcome, the influence of sequencing radiation therapy with maintenance capecitabine chemotherapy in the post-neoadjuvant setting is unclear. Synchronous administration of capecitabine is feasible, but reports on possible excess toxicities are partially conflicting. Dose reduction of capecitabine should be considered, especially if normofractionated radiotherapy is used. In terms of tolerance, hypofractionated schedules seem to be superior in terms of toxicity in concurrent settings. T‑DM1 can safely be administered concurrently with radiotherapy.