bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) in modern broilers: impacts, mechanisms, and perspectives
Authors: Ferver Alison , Dridi Sami 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) is one of the leading causes of lameness and welfare concerns in the modern broiler. The avian bone physiology and remodeling process is complex and dependent on numerous bone and vascular cell types and pathways working harmoniously. The rapid growth rate of the leg bones in the modern broiler coupled with high body weight gain and high metabolic demands have predisposed the broiler to damage within the bone, opportunistic bacterial infection, and subsequent BCO. The maturation and ossification of chondrocytes at the growth plate epiphyseal cartilage junction is critical for leg soundness and defense against mechanical stressors and is ongoing throughout a broiler’s life span. The mitochondria play a critical role in stem cell maturation and differentiation in bone and their dysfunction has been implicated in numerous diseases, including type 2 diabetic osteomyelitis and osteoporosis. An understanding of the dynamics between bone physiology and bacterial infection along with mitochondrial dynamics and function in disease states could give more insights into the etiology of BCO and subsequent development of effective strategies to preventing/treating BCO pathology. This review will address the impacts of BCO as well as the physiology involved while highlighting the need for mechanistic understanding of BCO at the cellular level which could address the potential role of mitochondrial dysfunction and BCO pathogenicity.
Load Shedding Simulation Using A Frequency Relay In Lampung Electrical System
Authors: Darmana I , Salvayer A R , Erliwati  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Stability is one of the requirements of an electrical power system which can be considered good/ideal, One disturbance that can affect stability is the outage of the system generator. To overcome this problem, load shedding is performed, The load is released in a simulation aimed at bringing the frequency back to the authorized value after the disturbance has occurred. The power plant that experienced a trip in this study was the largest Lampung unit of the generator Tarahan 4. When the generator Tarahan 4 has been tripped, the frequency system is falls and stabilize at 48.8 Hz. Thereforeits necessary to release the load so that the system frequency returns to the authorized value, which is from 49,8 Hz to 50.2 Hz. Based on the results of simulation after setting the frequency relay, by releasing a load of 152.2 MW, the frequency was stable at 50.074 Hz. So it can be concluded that the frequency relay setting has been able to return the system frequency to allowable value.
The Heritage Tourism Development As the Sustainable Development Goal of the Enclave Settlement: A Preliminary Research
Authors: Purwanto E , Sjarief R , Dawan A , Tannady H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The specific target of this research is to map the values of cultural and spiritual heritage in the enclave village, Lengkong Kyai. This research will use a qualitative case study method. Data will be collected through in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussion (FDG), related documents, and visual interpretation. The data collected will be carried out by a three-stage triangulation process, which is the primary key in collecting qualitative data. They are data triangulation, data analysis triangulation, and triangulation by comparing it with previous studies. The preliminary results are there heritage tourism potential that is developed in the enclave village. The future research will find a branding strategy that allows the potential for cultural and spiritual-based tourism in Lengkong Kyai village to be developed and its impact on the welfare of the Lengkong Kyai settlers.
Combination of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Multi Media Layer Coir Filter to Treat Water in Mendalo Darat, Jambi
Authors: Safita R , Kurniawan F , Deliza  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Multi Media Layer Coir Filter is a method of treating liquid waste by utilizing soil as the main medium which is shaped like a brick block and arranged alternately between zeolites. Multi Media Layer System made of acrylic (33x33x36) cm filled with brick blocks (12x7x4) cm mix of volcanic soil, charcoal, palm husk (7.5: 1: 1: 0.5), a permeable layer is used zeolite (1-3 mm). Samples came from the wells of the residents of housing Mendalo mas, Mendalo land in Jambi. The research was conducted with variations in flow rates of 10, 20, 30, 60 mL/minute, and two ways, namely aeration and non-aeration, the best efficiency of the aeration process was 10 ml/minute to reduce pH, odor, color, TDS, turbidity. Hardness, Nitrite, Nitrate, Mn, Fe, Cd, Sulfate, Cl, E. Coli at aeration 7,7, Odorless, 29,90%, 72,30%, 50,70%, 52,62%, 59, 70%, 57.30%, 66.40%, 83.22%, 21.70%, 37.53%, 28.88%, 100% and non-aerated 7,2, Odorless, 25.80%, 63.30%, 35.90%, 58.45%, 49.60%., 45.49%, 46.25,% 78.59%, 18.75%, 37.21%, 28.18%, 100%. From all values, the reduction efficiency of all parameters is fulfilled for potable water.
Score Level Fusion Technique for Human Identification
Authors: Hamd M H , Rasool Rabab A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A multimodal biometric-system based score level fusion technique is proposed to construct a robust human identification system. Feature fusion can be implemented via different methods. In this paper, the score level fusion of face and iris traits are combined and re-classified at Equal Error Rate (EER) value to improve the individual unimodal systems performance for recognizing 80 subjects (40 subject per one face-iris dataset). The multimodal classification results are compared and evaluated comprehensively using four competitive feature extraction methods: Principle Component Analysis (PCA), Fourier Descriptors (FDs), Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), and Local Binary Pattern (LBP). Also, a low-quality resolution of MMU1 iris database are considered in this work as an additional challenge for system robustness. The accuracy rate of GLCM and LBP methods satisfied 100% with ORL-CASIA-V1 combination datasets, while PCA and GLCM methods achieved 100% with the low-quality ORL-MMU-1 combination datasets, these results provide an evidence of how the multimodal biometric system could improve the overall unimodal systems performance. Also, the GLCM advances all other feature extraction methods by having the highest accuracy rate with ORL-CASIA-V1 and ORL-MMU-1 combined datasets.
Numerical Study for Comparison of Pseudo Modal and Direct Method in Predicting Critical Speed of Coaxial Dual Rotor System
Authors: Sembiring A , Lubis A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Machines with high speed rotation, high power, and lighter weight are the challenge in design of modern rotation machinery. In analysis of coaxial dual rotor system, the problem leads to a multi-degree of freedom system (1multi-DOF). The resulting equation of motion cannot be solved analytically. For multi-DOF system, numerical method has to be implemented. In this study, the equations of motion of co-axial dual rotor system was solved numericallyusing MATLAB programming language. This study compares the result of two methods used: the pseudo-modal method and the direct method, with the aim of getting the most effective method in predicting critical rotational speedby plotting Campbell diagram. It was foundthat the difference in the value of critical speeds between Pseudo Modal and the Direct Method is 0%-9,56% for the first 6 lowest frequencies and 0.09%-3.58% for the first 8 lowest frequencies.
Genome-Wide and Candidate Gene Association Analyses Identify a 14-SNP Combination for Hypertension in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cheng Chi-Fung , Hsieh Ai-Ru , Liang Wen-Miin , Chen Ching-Chu , Chen Chien-Hsiun , Wu Jer-Yuarn , Lin Ting-Hsu , Liao Chiu-Chu , Huang Shao-Mei , Huang Yu-Chuen , Ban Bo , Lin Ying-Ju , Tsai Fuu-Jen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
High blood pressure is common and comorbid with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Almost 50% of patients with T2D have high blood pressure. Patients with both conditions of hypertension (HTN) and T2D are at risk for cardiovascular diseases and mortality. The study aim was to investigate genetic risk factors for HTN in T2D patients.

Methods
This study included 999 T2D (cohort 1) patients for the first genome scan stage and 922 T2D (cohort 2) patients for the replication stage. Here, we investigated the genetic susceptibility and cumulative weighted genetic risk score for HTN in T2D patients of Han Chinese descent in Taiwan.

Results
Thirty novel genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with HTN in T2D after adjusting for age and body mass index (P value &lt;1 × 10−4). Eight blood pressure-related and/or HTN-related genetic SNPs were associated with HTN in T2D after adjusting for age and body mass index (P value &lt;0.05). Linkage disequilibrium and cumulative weighted genetic risk score analyses showed that 14 of the 38 SNPs were associated with risk of HTN in a dose-dependent manner in T2D (Cochran–Armitage trend test: P value &lt;0.0001). The 14-SNP cumulative weighted genetic risk score was also associated with increased regression tendency of systolic blood pressure in T2D (SBP = 122.05 + 0.8 × weighted genetic risk score; P value = 0.0001).

Conclusions
A cumulative weighted genetic risk score composed of 14 SNPs is important for HTN, increased tendency of systolic blood pressure, and may contribute to HTN risk in T2D in Taiwan.
Performance Differences Between Native and Non-Native Speakers on a New Happy–Sad Executive Function Measure
Authors: Lam Boji P W , Griffin Zenzi M , Marquardt Thomas P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
The happy–sad task adapts the classic day–night task by incorporating two early acquired emotional concepts (“happy” and “sad”) and demonstrates elevated inhibitory demands for native speakers. The task holds promise as a new executive function measure for assessing inhibitory control across the lifespan, but no studies have examined the influence of language of test administration on performance.

Method
Seventy adult native English speakers and 50 non-native speakers completed the computerized day–night and the new happy–sad tasks administered in English. In two conditions, participants were categorized pictorial stimuli either in a congruent manner (“happy” for a happy face) or in a more challenging, incongruent manner (“sad” for a happy face). Lexical decision performance was obtained to estimate levels of English language proficiency.

Results
Native speakers and non-native speakers performed comparably except for the critical incongruent condition of the happy–sad task, where native speakers responded more slowly. A greater congruency effect for the happy–sad task was found for native than for non-native speakers. Lexical decision performance was associated with performance on the challenging incongruent conditions.

Conclusion
This study reinforced the usefulness of the happy–sad task as a new measure in evaluating inhibitory control in adult native-speakers. However, the language of test administration needs to be considered in assessment because it may lead to performance differences between native and non-native speakers.
Lipid droplets and lipid mediators in viral infection and immunity
Authors: Monson Ebony A , Trenerry Alice M , Laws Jay L , Mackenzie Jason M , Helbig Karla J 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLipid droplets (LDs) contribute to key pathways important for the physiology and pathophysiology of cells. In a homeostatic view, LDs regulate the storage of neutral lipids, protein sequestration, removal of toxic lipids and cellular communication; however, recent advancements in the field show these organelles as essential for various cellular stress response mechanisms, including inflammation and immunity, with LDs acting as hubs that integrate metabolic and inflammatory processes. The accumulation of LDs has become a hallmark of infection, and is often thought to be virally driven; however, recent evidence is pointing to a role for the upregulation of LDs in the production of a successful immune response to viral infection. The fatty acids housed in LDs are also gaining interest due to the role that these lipid species play during viral infection, and their link to the synthesis of bioactive lipid mediators that have been found to have a very complex role in viral infection. This review explores the role of LDs and their subsequent lipid mediators during viral infections and poses a paradigm shift in thinking in the field, whereby LDs may play pivotal roles in protecting the host against viral infection.
Rigidity of Proper Holomorphic Maps between Type-I Irreducible Bounded Symmetric Domains
Authors: Chan Shan Tai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study proper holomorphic maps between type-$\textrm {I}$ irreducible bounded symmetric domains. In particular, we obtain rigidity results for such maps under certain assumptions. More precisely, let $f:D^{\textrm {I}}_{p,q}\to D^{\textrm {I}}_{p^{\prime },q^{\prime }}$ be a proper holomorphic map, where $p\ge q\ge 2$ and $q^{\prime }&lt;\min \{2q-1,p\}$. Then, we show that $p^{\prime }\ge p$ and $q^{\prime }\ge q$. Moreover, we prove that there exist automorphisms $\psi $ and $\Phi $ of $D^{\textrm {I}}_{p,q}$ and $D^{\textrm {I}}_{p^{\prime },q^{\prime }}$, respectively, such that $f=\Phi \circ G_h\circ \psi $ for some map $G_h:D^{\textrm {I}}_{p,q}\to D^{\textrm {I}}_{p^{\prime },q^{\prime }}$ defined by $G_h(Z):= \left [\begin {array}{cc} Z & \textbf {0}\\ \textbf {0} & h(Z) \end {array}\right ]$ for all $Z\in D^{\textrm {I}}_{p,q}$, where $h:D^{\textrm {I}}_{p,q}\to D^{\textrm {I}}_{p^{\prime }-p,q^{\prime }-q}$ is a holomorphic map.
On the strongest three-valued paraconsistent logic contained in classical logic and its dual
Authors: Middelburg C A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
$\textrm{LP}^{\mathbin{\supset },{\mathsf{F}}}$ is a three-valued paraconsistent propositional logic that is essentially the same as J3. It has the most properties that have been proposed as desirable properties of a reasonable paraconsistent propositional logic. However, it follows easily from already published results that there are exactly 8192 different three-valued paraconsistent propositional logics that have the properties concerned. In this paper, properties concerning the logical equivalence relation of a logic are used to distinguish $\textrm{LP}^{\mathbin{\supset },{\mathsf{F}}}$ from the others. As one of the bonuses of focusing on the logical equivalence relation, it is found that only 32 of the 8192 logics have a logical equivalence relation that satisfies the identity, annihilation, idempotent and commutative laws for conjunction and disjunction. For most properties of $\textrm{LP}^{\mathbin{\supset },{\mathsf{F}}}$ that have been proposed as desirable properties of a reasonable paraconsistent propositional logic, its paracomplete analogue has a comparable property. In this paper, properties concerning the logical equivalence relation of a logic are also used to distinguish the paracomplete analogue of $\textrm{LP}^{\mathbin{\supset },{\mathsf{F}}}$ from the other three-valued paracomplete propositional logics with those comparable properties.
Clinical tests used to diagnose anterior cruciate ligament tears are less sensitive in obese patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Vajapey Sravya P. , Miller Timothy L. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common athletic injury. Multiple clinical studies have evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of physical examination tests that are used to diagnose ACL injury. We sought to determine if the sensitivity of these clinical tests is affected by a patient’s body habitus. We hypothesized that sensitivity of the Lachman, anterior drawer, and pivot shift tests is lower in obese patients than in patients with a normal body mass index (BMI).

Methods:
We compared the sensitivity of three clinical tests, the Lachman, anterior drawer, and pivot shift, in a group of obese patients with a group of nonobese patients. A total of 181 adult patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction by a single surgeon were included in the study.

Results:
Sensitivity of the Lachman test was 87.3% in obese patients versus 94.1% in the nonobese control group. Sensitivity of the anterior drawer test was 76.3% in obese patients compared to 88.2% in the nonobese control group. Sensitivity of the pivot shift test could not be accurately assessed because pain and swelling prevented the physician from performing this test in most patients on their initial presentation.

Conclusions:
The sensitivity of common clinical tests used to diagnose ACL tear, the Lachman, anterior drawer, and pivot shift, is decreased in obese patients compared with the nonobese control group. This study suggests that a clinician may need to have a lower threshold to perform advanced imaging in an obese patient with a suspected ligamentous injury of the knee even if the physical examination is not fully indicative of ligamentous injury.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Predictors of efficacy of viscosupplementation for the treatment of hip osteoarthritis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim David Daewhan , Meselhy Ehab , Sibai Nabil 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Hip injections of hyaluronic acid (HA) have been used off-label to treat osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this retrospective cohort study of adults with OA was to review predictive factors and duration of action for patients who responded to HA hip injections.

Methods:
After institutional review board (IRB) approval, patients who had HA hip injections from 2014 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores obtained 1 mo after three injections were collected. Patients were classified into two groups: positive outcome (50% or greater reduction of VAS) and negative outcome (less than 50% reduction of VAS). Comparison of demographics, functional status, OA severity on Kellgren-Lawrence Grading Scale (KL), previous treatments, type of HA, and procedure techniques were performed. Continuous variables were summarized in mean and standard deviation (SD), and compared using two-sample t-test. Categorical variables were summarized in frequency and proportion, then compared using chi-square test or Fisher exact test.

Results:
The 157 patients who were reviewed had the following levels of OA severity: 24.3% mild (KL grade II), 25% moderate (KL grade III), 50.7% severe (KL grade IV). Positive outcomes were reported in 29.3% of patients, and 70.7% had “negative” outcomes. The positive outcome group had a mean duration (for 50% or greater decrease of VAS) of 4.24 mo (SD 3.62). The positive outcome group had milder OA (KL grades II to III) (P<0.001) and younger age (P=0.03). No difference was noted among the two groups for other variables.

Conclusions:
Injections of HA for hip OA using the full recommended dosage regimen of commercially available HA products can be beneficial in select patients. The main predictors of significant response were younger age and mild to moderate (KL grade II to III) OA.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Predictive Models of Fever, ICU Transfer, and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With Neutropenia
Authors: Gulleen Elizabeth A. , Ameko Mawulolo K. , Ainsworth John E. , Barnes Laura E. , Moore Christopher C. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
Neutropenia is a common side effect of myelosuppressive chemotherapy and is associated with adverse outcomes. Early Warning Scores are used to identify at-risk patients and facilitate rapid clinical interventions. Since few Early Warning Scores have been validated in patients with neutropenia, we aimed to create predictive models and nomograms of fever, ICU transfer, and mortality in hospitalized neutropenic patients.

Design:
Development of statistical prediction models and nomograms using data from a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with neutropenia.

Setting:
University of Virginia Medical Center, a tertiary-care academic medical center in Charlottesville, VA.

Patients:
The derivation and validation cohorts included hospitalized adult patients with neutropenia who were admitted to the inpatient wards between October 2010 and January 2015, and April 2017 and April 2020, respectively. We defined neutropenia as an absolute neutrophil count of less than 500 cells/mm3.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
The derivation cohort included 1,531 hospital admissions in patients with neutropenia. Fever, ICU transfer, and in-hospital mortality occurred in 955 admissions (62%), 297 admissions (19%), and 147 admissions (10%), respectively. In the derivation cohort, the internally validated area under the curves with 95% CI for the fever, ICU transfer, and mortality models were HYPERLINK “callto:0.74%20(0.67-0.84),%200.77”0.74 (0.67–0.84), 0.77 (0.67–0.86), and HYPERLINK “callto:0.95%20(0.0.87-1.0”0.95 (0.0.87–1.0), respectively. The validation cohort included 1,250 admissions in patients with neutropenia. In the validation cohort, the area under the curve (95% CI) for the fever, ICU transfer, and mortality models were HYPERLINK “callto:0.70%20(0.67-0.73),%200.78”0.70 (0.67–0.73), 0.78 (0.72–0.84), and HYPERLINK “callto:0.91%20(0.88-0.94”0.91 (0.88–0.94), respectively. Using these models, we developed clinically applicable nomograms which detected adverse events a median of 4.0–11.4 hours prior to onset.

Conclusions:
We created predictive models and nomograms for fever, ICU transfer, and mortality in patients with neutropenia. These models could be prospectively validated to detect high-risk patients and facilitate early clinical intervention to improve patient outcomes.
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Chelation in Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Is Associated With a High Rate of Corneal Melt and Perforation
Authors: Trollip Jessica C. , Meyer Jay J. , McGhee Charles N. J. , Liu Kevin , Danesh-Meyer Helen V. , Niederer Rachael L. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To examine the rate and risk factors for band keratopathy after herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) and the outcomes of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) treatment.

Methods:
This is a retrospective review of all subjects with HZO seen at Auckland District Health Board between January 2006 and December 2016.

Results:
A total of 869 subjects with HZO were included in the study. Median follow-up was 6.3 years (total 5504.4 patient-years). Band keratopathy developed in 13 subjects (1.5%). On multivariate analysis, older age at onset [hazard ratio (HR), 1.092; P = 0.034], intraocular pressure ≥30 mm Hg at presentation (HR, 5.548; P = 0.013), and number of recurrences (HR, 1.849; P < 0.001) were associated with increased risk for band keratopathy. Corneal melt occurred in 22 subjects (2.5%) during the follow-up period. On multivariate analysis, uveitis (HR, 8.618; P = 0.004) and disodium EDTA chelation (HR, 8.666; P < 0.001) were associated with increased risk for corneal melt. EDTA chelation was performed in 8 subjects. Corneal melt occurred after EDTA chelation in 4 subjects, and corneal perforation occurred in 2 subjects. One subject was eviscerated due to severe endophthalmitis after repeated corneal perforation and another required enucleation for recurrent corneal melt and microbial keratitis.

Conclusions:
Band keratopathy is an uncommon complication of HZO. Treatment with EDTA chelation might be associated with a significant risk for severe complications in these eyes and should be approached with caution.