bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Business virtual system in the context of e‐governance: Investigation of secure access to information resources
Authors: Romansky Radi , Noninska Irina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractContemporary digital age proposes different opportunities in the public, social, private, and business areas based on remote access to distributed resources placed in virtual, cloud, educational, governmental, business, smart, and so forth environments. In this reason, the e‐governance is realized on the basis of digital communications between different parties that requires strong protection of the information resources and personal data. The digital sustainability is an important task for e‐governance in the digital world. Article deals with principles of correct protection of the information resources (including in the cloud) by using strong procedures for access regulation of the external clients. Organization of Information Security Management System for identification, registration, authentication, and authorization of the requests is discussed. An investigation of the proposed functionality is made on the basis of stochastic analytical modelling by using the apparatus of Markov chains and statistical processing and interpretation of the obtained results.
Is Early Start a Better Start? Evaluating California State University's Early Start Remediation Policy
Authors: Kurlaender Michal , Lusher Lester , Case Matthew 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRemediation has long been a costly way to address the misalignment between K‐12 and higher education. In 2011, the California State University (CSU), the nation's largest public four‐year university system, enacted Early Start, requiring students needing remediation to enroll in such courses in the summer before their freshman year. We estimate the impact of Early Start summer remediation relative to both traditional fall remediation and relative to no remediation at all. Our results suggest Early Start summer remediation has not improved student performance or persistence relative to either alternative. As many states move away from remedial courses altogether, there is continued need for both innovation and for evidence in policy and practice to improve college readiness and success.
Vitamin D status in children with leukemia, its predictors, and association with outcome
Authors: Jackmann Natalja , Mäkitie Outi , Harila‐Saari Arja , Gustafsson Jan , Nezirevic Dernroth Dzeneta , Frisk Per 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren and adolescents with leukemia are potentially at high risk of vitamin D inadequacy, which may have clinical relevance for skeletal morbidity, infections, and cancer outcome. This study aimed to evaluate vitamin D status at the time of diagnosis to investigate its predictors and association with overall survival in children with leukemia.ProcedureWe included all 295 children and adolescents diagnosed with leukemia at our institution between 1990 and 2016 who had available serum sample from the time of diagnosis. We analyzed serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels and correlated them with clinical data.ResultsThe 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level was deficient (< 25 nmol/L), insufficient (25‐50 nmol/L), sufficient (50‐75 nmol/L), and optimal (> 75 nmol/L) in 6.4%, 26.8%, 39.7%, and 27.1% of the children, respectively. Older age and a more recent time of sampling (calendar year) predicted lower 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level. In preschool children (age ≤6 years), lower 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level was also associated with acute myeloid leukemia, and a 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level < 50 nmol/L was associated with inferior overall survival. In school‐aged children (age > 6 years), the 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level showed significant seasonal variation.ConclusionIt remains unclear whether vitamin D supplementation in pediatric leukemia patients will improve outcome.
Imaging of fetal tumors and other dysplastic lesions: A review with emphasis on MR imaging
Authors: Victoria Teresa , Johnson Ann M. , Moldenhauer Julie S. , Hedrick Holly L. , Flake Alan W. , Adzick N. Scott 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFetal tumors and other dysplastic masses are relatively rare. They are usually the result of failure of differentiation and maturation during embryonic or fetal life; dysplastic lesions may be the consequence of an obstruction sequence. In this review, we present the most commonly encountered tumors and masses seen during fetal life. Imaging characteristics, tumoral organ of origin, and its effect on the surrounding organs and overall fetal hemodynamics are descriptors that must be relayed to the fetal surgeon and maternal fetal medicine expert, in order to institute most accurate parental counseling and appropriate perinatal treatment plan.
Ionotropic gelation method in the synthesis of nanoparticles/microparticles for biomedical purposes
Authors: Pedroso‐Santana Seidy , Fleitas‐Salazar Noralvis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe encapsulation of drugs inside polymeric nanoparticles/microparticles is a strategy currently employed in the search for new and more effective therapies. The use of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers gives several advantages to these formulations. Protection of the active principals against the action of environmental and physiological agents, the reduced number of doses and a subsequent decrease in drug‐related adverse effects, and increased bioavailability are some of these advantages. Several methods and materials are now used to synthesize nanoparticles/microparticles for biomedical applications, from carbon‐derived structures to metallic and lipid particles. However, among the methods using polymers, ionotropic gelation is one of the more affordable and easier procedures to perform in daily laboratory work. In this mini‐review, we address relevant characteristics of ionotropic gelation, beginning with basic aspects of the technique, which reagents and conditions are commonly used, the factors affecting the stability of the formulation, the advantages and disadvantages of the method and some principal characterization techniques for the nanoparticulate/microparticulate formulation. Finally, we conclude with a few important considerations. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Teaching the partial products algorithm with the concrete representational abstract sequence and the strategic instruction model
Authors: Flores Margaret M. , Moore Alexcia J. , Meyer Jill M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractElementary standards include multiplication of single‐digit numbers and students advance to solve complex problems and demonstrate procedural fluency in algorithms. The ability to illustrate procedural fluency in algorithms is dependent on the development of understanding and reasoning in multiplication. Development of multiplicative reasoning provides the foundation for advanced mathematics and algebraic reasoning. For students who struggle in mathematics, instruction in multiplication algorithms should ensure conceptual understanding so that students have a foundation for success in advanced mathematics. The concrete representational abstract (CRA) sequence addresses conceptual understanding and the strategic instruction model (SIM) supports procedural knowledge. The current pilot study combined these methods to teach elementary students the partial products algorithm. Twelve students in grades four and five participated in the study, receiving instruction from teachers in their school during an intervention period. Within a pre‐experimental design, using pre‐ and postintervention data, students showed a significant change in performance. The article will describe and show how teachers implemented the CRA‐SIM interventions and discuss implications for practice.
‘ND Falcon’, a new pinto bean with combined resistance to rust and soybean cyst nematode
Authors: Osorno Juan M. , Vander Wal Albert J. , Posch John , Simons Kristin , Grafton Kenneth F. , Pasche Julie S. , Nelson Berlin D. , Jain Shalu , Pastor‐Corrales Marcial 
Published: January 2020

Abstract‘ND Falcon’ pinto bean (PVP‐201900174, Reg. no. CV‐326, PI 690446) is a new cultivar developed by the Dry Edible Bean Breeding Program at North Dakota State University and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. Pinto bean is the most important dry bean market class in the United States. North Dakota is the largest producer of dry bean in the country, where ∼50% of production is pinto bean. Both biotic and abiotic stresses are the main factors responsible for seed yield reductions. Between 2013 and 2018, ND Falcon was tested across more than 22 environments in North Dakota. Averaged across environments, seed yield of ND Falcon was not significantly different from commonly grown pinto bean cultivars in the region. Nonetheless, ND Falcon is resistant to the most common race (20‐3) of the bean rust pathogen and to soybean cyst nematode (HG Type 0). Therefore, a seed yield advantage under disease pressure would be expected for ND Falcon compared with other pinto bean cultivars while eliminating or reducing the need for fungicide and/or nematicide applications. ND Falcon has desirable upright architecture (type IIa) with short vines. Under North Dakota conditions, ND Falcon shows an average plant height of 53 cm, has a 100‐seed weight of 37.0 g, and matures in approximately 103 d. Other traits of agronomic or economic importance are within acceptable commercial ranges for pinto bean.
1,2‐Diketones as photoinitiators of both cationic and free‐radical photopolymerization under UV (392 nm) or Blue (455 nm) LEDs
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Shuhui , Lalevée Jacques , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Lam Elizabeth S.‐H. , Graff Bernadette , Liu Jing , Xing Feiyue , Xiao Pu 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThe photoinitiation abilities of three 1,2‐diketones [i.e., acenaphthenequinone (ANPQ), aceanthrenequinone (AATQ), and 9,10‐phenanthrenequinone (PANQ)]‐based photoinitiating systems [PISs, with additives such as iodonium salt, N‐vinylcarbazole (NVK), tertiary amine, and phenacyl bromide (R‐Br)] for cationic photopolymerization and free‐radical photopolymerization under the irradiation of ultraviolet (UV; 392 nm) or blue (455 nm) light‐emitting diode (LED) bulb are investigated. All 1,2‐diketones studied exhibit ground state absorption that match with the emission spectra of UV (392 nm) or blue LED (455 nm) better than that of the well‐known blue‐light‐sensitive photoinitiator camphorquinone (CQ). In particular, AATQ/iodonium salt/NVK can show high photoinitiating ability (with epoxide conversion yield >70%) under the UV light irradiation due to the effect of NVK. In addition, 1,2‐diketone/iodonium salt (and optional NVK) systems are capable of initiating free‐radical photopolymerization of methacrylates, with conversions of 50–58%. Furthermore, some 1,2‐diketone/tertiary amine (and optional R‐Br) combinations are found to demonstrate high efficiency to initiate free‐radical photopolymerization, and 71% of methacrylate conversion can be achieved with PANQ/tertiary amine/R‐Br PIS. Some 1,2‐ketone‐based PISs can even exhibit higher efficiency than the CQ‐based systems. The photochemical mechanism of the radical generation from the 1,2‐diketone‐based PISs is investigated and found to be consistent with the related photopolymerization efficiency. © 2020
Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 792–802
Diabatic generation of negative potential vorticity and its impact on the North Atlantic jet stream
Authors: Harvey Ben , Methven John , Sanchez Claudio , Schäfler Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLocalised regions of negative potential vorticity (PV) are frequently seen on the equatorward flank of the upper‐tropospheric jet streams in analysis and forecast products. Their positioning, on the anticyclonic side of the jet and often close to the jet core, suggest they are associated with an enhancement of jet stream maximum winds. Given that PV is generally positive in the northern hemisphere and is materially conserved under adiabatic conditions, the presence of negative PV is indicative of recent diabatic activity. However, little is understood on the mechanisms for its generation and subsequent impacts. In this paper, aircraft measurements from a recent field campaign are used to provide direct observational evidence for the presence of negative PV on the anticyclonic side of an upper‐tropospheric jet. Theory is then developed to understand the process by which PV can turn negative. The key ingredient is diabatic heating in the presence of vertical wind shear, and the resulting PV anomalies are shown to always result from a flux of PV directed “down the isentropic slope”. This explains why, for the typical situation of heating in a warm conveyor belt, negative PV values appear on the equatorward side of the upper‐tropospheric jet stream close to the jet core. These ideas are illustrated with a semi‐geostrophic model and the processes responsible for the observed negative PV are explored using an operational forecast model with online PV tracer diagnostics. The diabatic influence on jet stream winds and shear is of interest because it is pertinent to the predictability of extreme jet stream events and associated flight‐level turbulence, and is crucial to the propagation of Rossby waves at tropopause level, development of midlatitude weather systems and their subsequent impacts at the surface.
Quality of wind characteristics in recent wind atlases over the North Sea
Authors: Kalverla Peter C. , Holtslag Albert A. M. , Ronda Reinder J. , Steeneveld Gert‐Jan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOffshore wind energy production is rapidly growing as an essential element in the sustainable energy share. Wind energy siting studies require accurate wind data, and in particular the knowledge of extreme wind events (low‐level jets, wind ramps, extreme shear and high wind speeds) is crucial for resource and load assessment. This study evaluates the skill of three relatively new wind atlases, i.e. ERA‐5, DOWA and NEWA on the representation of extreme wind events using observations taken at the Met Mast IJmuiden over the North Sea. Overall, DOWA appears to best represent the wind speed profile with virtually no bias. ERA‐5 underestimates the mean wind speed profile though the wind shear is well represented, while NEWA correctly represents the near surface wind but underestimates the wind shear. The frequency of low‐level jets are also best represented by DOWA. Wind speed ramps and direction ramps are best represented by ERA‐5, while DOWA appears to outperform the others concerning wind shear.
Visual behaviour in robotic surgery—Demonstrating the validity of the simulated environment
Authors: Dilley James , Singh Harsimrat , Pratt Philip , Omar Ismail , Darzi Ara , Mayer Erik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundEye metrics provide insight into surgical behaviour allowing differentiation of performance, however have not been used in robotic surgery. This study explores eye metrics of robotic surgeons in training in simulated and real tissue environments.MethodsFollowing the Fundamentals of Robotic Surgery (FRS), training curriculum novice robotic surgeons were trained to expert‐derived benchmark proficiency using real tissue on the da Vinci Si and the da Vinci skills simulator (dVSS) simulator. Surgeons eye metrics were recorded using eye‐tracking glasses when both “novice” and “proficient” in both environments. Performance was assessed using Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic skills (GEARS) and numeric psychomotor test score (NPMTS) scores.ResultsSignificant (P ≤ .05) correlations were seen between pupil size, rate of change and entropy, and associated GEARS/NPMTS in “novice” and “proficient” surgeons. Only number of blinks per minute was significantly different between pupilometrics in the simulated and real tissue environments.ConclusionsThis study illustrates the value of eye tracking as an objective physiological tool in the robotic setting. Pupilometrics significantly correlate with established assessment methods and could be incorporated into robotic surgery assessments.
Robotic radical surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: A single‐centre case series
Authors: Li Jizhe , Tan Xianglong , Zhang Xuan , Zhao Guodong , Hu Minggen , Zhao Zhiming , Liu Rong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundRadical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma is considered one of the most complicated abdominal operations. We report our initial experience with robotic radical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.MethodsBetween March 2017 and February 2019, the perioperative outcomes of 48 patients were analysed. In addition, there were two techniques for hepaticojejunostomy in the robotic approach. Comparison of the conventional and novel methods for hepaticojejunostomy was also performed to assess the efficacy of the technique.ResultsThe operative duration and intraoperative blood loss volume was 276 minutes and 150 mL, respectively. The overall morbidity was 58.3% and the major morbidity was 10.4%. The overall mortality was 0%. No significant differences in the perioperative outcomes of hepaticojejunostomy were found between the 2 groups.ConclusionRobotic resection is a potential alternative to open surgery for appropriately selected patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Further studies are required to detect the long‐term outcomes of this procedure.
Beyond Monolingual Reading Assessments for Emerging Bilingual Learners: Expanding the Understanding of Biliteracy Assessment Through Writing
Authors: Butvilofsky Sandra A. , Escamilla Kathy , Gumina Deena , Silva Diaz Elizabeth 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTEmerging bilingual learners’ biliteracy abilities are often underestimated when monolingual reading assessments, such as the DIBELS, are used to identify students as having difficulties in learning or to guide literacy instruction. The authors propose a holistic form of biliterate assessment that uses writing as a means to understand what emerging bilingual learners actually know about literacy. In this qualitative study, the authors raise serious concerns about using DIBELS and question its adequacy for measuring literacy skills for students in the early and intermediate stages of English‐language development, as well as its limitations in providing relevant information about students’ biliteracy. Through qualitative analysis of three sets of writing samples collected from 29 second‐grade students, the authors illustrate the biliteracy skills and abilities that these students possessed holistically across Spanish and English. The students selected for this study were identified by DIBELS scores as reading below or well‐below benchmark. However, through the qualitative analysis of their writing, the authors were able to document the students’ literacy understandings across languages in their second‐grade year through the organization of their written texts, change in sentence constructions, and alphabetic skills knowledge. This work is significant to the field of bilingual and biliteracy instruction in that biliterate writing assessment provides a means to understanding developing reading skills that is broader in scope and is appropriate for assessing the totality of emerging bilingual learners’ biliteracy development.
The effect of professional development on elementary science teachers’ understanding, confidence, and classroom implementation of reform‐based science instruction
Authors: Maeng Jennifer L. , Whitworth Brooke A. , Bell Randy L. , Sterling Donna R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThrough a randomized controlled trial, this mixed‐methods study evaluated changes in elementary science teachers’ understandings, confidence, and classroom implementation of problem‐based learning (PBL), inquiry, and nature of science (NOS) instruction following participation in a professional development (PD) as well as the components of the PD that teachers perceived facilitated these changes. Results indicated that following the PD, treatment teacher (n = 139) understandings of and confidence for teaching inquiry, NOS, and PBL were significantly greater than control teachers (n = 98) after controlling for preunderstandings and confidence. The effect sizes were large. Treatment teachers also incorporated significantly more PBL, inquiry, and NOS into their instruction. Modeling, microteaching with feedback and reflection, and in‐classroom coaching facilitated teachers’ confidence, understanding, and intention to implement the reform‐based practices they learned. Implications for the understanding of the relationship between knowledge, confidence, and practice as well as elementary science teacher PD design are discussed.
Comparative crystallography suggests maniraptoran theropod affinities for latest Cretaceous European ‘geckoid’ eggshell
Authors: Choi Seung , Moreno‐Azanza Miguel , Csiki‐Sava Zoltán , Prondvai Edina , Lee Yuong‐Nam 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThin fossil eggshell from Upper Cretaceous deposits of Europe, characterized by nodular ornamentation similar to modern gekkotan eggshell, has mostly been interpreted as gekkotan (=‘geckoid’) in origin. However, in some cases, as for the oogenusPseudogeckoolithus, a theropod affinity has also been suggested. The true affinity of these fossil ‘geckoid’ eggshells has remained controversial due to the absence of analytical methods for identifying genuine gecko eggshell in the fossil record. In this study, we apply electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis to latest Cretaceous European ‘geckoid’ (includingPseudogeckoolithus) eggshell, in comparison with modern gekkotan and theropod (avian) eggshell. We found thatPseudogeckoolithushas a definite theropod eggshell‐like crystallographic configuration, in clear contrast to that seen in modern ‘gecko eggshells’. Furthermore, the crystallography of the nodular ornamentation inPseudogeckoolithusis similar to that seen in megapode eggshell, but different from that of gecko eggshell, despite superficial morphological similarity. The remarkable morphological similarities betweenPseudogeckoolithusand modern gecko eggshells are thus convergent, and the ‘gekkotan affinity’ hypothesis can be dismissed forPseudogeckoolithus. This study provides a template for differentiating true gekkotan from dinosaurian eggshells in the fossil record. The potential functional significance of eggshell ornamentation, lost in most modern birds, requires further study, and experimental zoological approach may shed light on this issue. Finally, the present results suggest caution about the dangers of using potentially homoplastic eggshell characters in eggshell parataxonomy.
Characterization of Local Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Population Grains in Terms of Nutritional Properties and Evaluation by GT Biplot Approach
Authors: Kaplan Mahmut , Kale Hasan , Kardes Yusuf Murat , Karaman Kevser , Kahraman Kevser , Yılmaz Mehmet Fatih , Temizgül Ridvan , Akar Taner 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study is conducted to characterize some nutritional attributes and starch properties of 156 Turkish sorghum populations and 4 standard cultivars (Sorghum bicolor L.). Crude protein contents of the populations vary between 6.67% and 14.33%, digestible protein ratios between 6.67% and 82.24%, crude oil contents between 2.15% and 6.40%, phytic acid contents between 0.37% and 4.09%, resistant starch between 1.10% and 34.23%, nonresistant starch between 10.79% and 79.61%, total starch between 15.42% and 85.54%, amylose between 5.67% and 43.48%, amylopectin between 9.45% and 65.67%, total phenolic between 0.19% and 5.06 mg GAE/g and antiradical activity between 3.72% and 91.48%. Significant differences are obtained from starch‐based Rapid Visco Analyzer parameters of sorghum genotypes. As compared standard cultivars, several superior genotypes are identified in terms of nutritional characteristics. Genotype treatment (GT) biplot analysis revealed ideal genotypes for investigated parameters. Present findings confirmed that there are many genotypes with superior nutritional properties in local sorghum genotypes.