bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection by Reverse transcription-PCR and serology in the Paris area: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cohen Robert , Jung Camille , Ouldali Naim , Sellam Aurelie , Batard Christophe , Cahn-Sellem Fabienne , Elbez Annie , Wollner Alain , Romain Olivier , Corrard François , Aberrane Said , Soismier Nathalie , Creidy Rita , Smati-Lafarge Mounira , Launay Odile , Béchet Stéphane , Varon Emmanuelle , Levy Corinne 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundSeveral studies indicated that children seem to be less frequently infected with SARS-CoV-2 and are potentially less contagious than adults. To examine the spread of SARS-CoV-2, we combined both Reverse transcription-PCR testing and serology in children in the most affected region in France, Paris, during the COVID-19 epidemic.MethodsFrom 14 April 2020 to 12 May 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional, prospective, multicentre study. Healthy controls and pauci-symptomatic children from birth to age 15 years were enrolled by 27 ambulatory paediatricians. A nasopharyngeal swab was taken for detection of SARS-CoV-2 by Reverse transcription-PCR and a microsample of blood for micromethod serology.ResultsAmong the 605 children, 322 (53.2%) were asymptomatic and 283 (46.8%) were symptomatic. Reverse transcription-PCR and serology results were positive for 11 (1.8%) and 65 (10.7%) children, respectively, with no significant difference between asymptomatic and pauci-symptomatic children. Only three children were Reverse transcription-PCR-positive without any antibody response detected. The frequency of Reverse transcription-PCR SARS-CoV-2 positivity was significantly higher for children with positive than negative serology results (12.3% vs 0.6%, p<0.001). Contact with a person with confirmed COVID-19 increased the odds of Reverse transcription-PCR positivity (OR 7.8, 95% CI 1.5 to 40.7) and serology positivity (OR 15.1, 95% CI 6.6 to 34.6).ConclusionIn an area heavily affected by COVID-19, after the peak of the first epidemic wave and during the lockdown, the rate of children with Reverse transcription-PCR SARS-CoV-2 positivity was very low (1.8%), but that of serology positivity was higher (10.7%). Most children with positive Reverse transcription-PCR results also had positive serology results.Trial registration numberNCT04318431.
Utility of a routine ultrasound for detection of ectopic pregnancies among women requesting abortion: a retrospective review
Authors: Duncan Clara I , Reynolds-Wright John J , Cameron Sharon T 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionRoutine ultrasound may be used in abortion services to determine gestational age and confirm an intrauterine pregnancy. However, ultrasound adds complexity to care and results may be inconclusive, delaying abortion. We sought to determine the rate of ectopic pregnancy and the utility of routine ultrasound in its detection, in a community abortion service.MethodsRetrospective case record review of women requesting abortion over a 5-year period (2015–2019) with an outcome of ectopic pregnancy or pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) at a service (Edinburgh, UK) conducting routine ultrasound on all women. Records were searched for symptoms at presentation, development of symptoms during clinical care, significant risk factors and routine ultrasound findings.ResultsOnly 29/11 381 women (0.25%, 95% CI 0.18%, 0.33%) had an ectopic pregnancy or PUL (tubal=18, caesarean scar=1, heterotopic=1, PUL=9). Eleven (38%) cases had either symptoms at presentation (n=8) and/or significant risk factors for ectopic pregnancy (n=4). A further 12 women developed symptoms during their clinical care. Of the remaining six, three were PUL treated with methotrexate and three were ectopic (salpingectomy=2, methotrexate=1). In three cases, the baseline ultrasound indicated a probable early intrauterine pregnancy.ConclusionsEctopic pregnancies are uncommon among women presenting for abortion. The value of routine ultrasound in excluding ectopic pregnancy in symptom-free women without significant risk factors is questionable as it may aid detection of some cases but may provide false reassurance that a pregnancy is intrauterine.
Implementation of the CMS-TOP-18-003 analysis in the MadAnalysis 5 framework (four top quarks with at least two leptons; 137 fb−1)
Authors: Darmé Luc , Fuks Benjamin 
Published: December 2020

We present the implementation in MadAnalysis 5 of the CMS-TOP-18-003 search for the production of four top quarks in the Standard Model and detail the validation of this implementation. This CMS analysis studies Standard Model four-top production through the same-sign and multi-lepton plus jets channels, using a luminosity of 137 fb[Formula: see text] of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. We validate our implementation work by studying various distributions and event counts describing the properties of the signal in the context of the Standard Model: jet and [Formula: see text]-jet multiplicities, the hadronic activity [Formula: see text], and the number of expected events populating the various analysis signal regions. We then provide a small example of usage of this implementation to constrain a toy new physics model.
Integrality properties in the moduli space of elliptic curves: CM case
Authors: Schmid Stefan 
Published: December 2020

For each algebraic number [Formula: see text], a result of Habegger [P. Habegger, Singular moduli that are algebraic units, Algebra Number Theory 9(7) (2015) 1515–1524] shows that there are only finitely many singular moduli [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is an algebraic unit. His result uses Duke’s Equidistribution Theorem and is thus not effective. In this paper, we give an effective proof of Habegger’s result assuming that [Formula: see text] is not a singular modulus itself. We give an explicit bound, which depends only on [Formula: see text], on the discriminant [Formula: see text] associated with a singular modulus [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is a unit. This implies explicit bounds on the number of these singular moduli.
Open design: compartilhamento e democratização nas práticas de projeto
Authors: Lima Camilo Simão de , Rocha Bruno Massara 
Published: December 2020

Na atual sociedade informatizada a crescente tendência do compartilhamento de informação, somada à consequente forma de atuação colaborativa nos processos criativos, vêm trazendo grandes desafios para arquitetos, urbanistas e designers. Considerando a ampla revolução tecnológica ocorrida nos anos 1990 e intensificada neste início de século XXI, o seguinte questionamento motiva investigações: as práticas de projeto, produção e distribuição de estruturas artificiais acompanharam essa evolução numérica e sofreram alterações substanciais em termos de democratização social por meio do compartilhamento? Esse artigo apresenta e discute o conceito de Open Design a partir dessa pergunta, e analisa como as práticas dadas como “abertas” se colocam neste cenário atual de forte caráter colaborativo e experimental no contexto da arquitetura, design, arte e de práticas criativas em geral.
Temos como objetivo ampliar o debate acerca deste fenômeno criativo e produtivo decorrente do digital intitulado Open Design, e oferecer um repertório organizado e originalmente sistematizado acerca do conceito de abertura nas práticas tecnológicas. Espera-se contribuir com a reflexão crítica deste movimento global e em evolução, instigando arquitetos e designers a avaliarem e se posicionarem frente a essa nova era da atuação profissional na era da informação.
controversa democratização do acesso ao ensino superior privado
Authors: Sena Isael 
Published: December 2020

É controversa a luta pela redução da desigualdade social por meio do acesso, dito democrático, ao ensino superior, sobretudo, privado. As instituições de ensino superior privadas de caráter quase mercantil pertencentes, hoje, aos grandes conglomerados educacionais, transformaram a formação universitária em um grande negócio lucrativo, cujo sistema de exploração inclui professores e alunos ao exigir de ambos uma cumplicidade perversa. Em entrevistas realizadas com professores universitários do contexto privado, eles revelam dramas e impasses submetidos ao ethos corporativo aplicado ao ensino, que exige do mestre a negação de sua experiência e de sua autoridade enunciativa. Assim, em nome da sobrevivência do mercado educacional, o professor aliena a sua subjetividade e torna-se instrumento a serviço da rentabilidade da privatização. A pesquisa aponta para a necessidade de revisão das políticas públicas de acesso à universidade e das formas de contratos de trabalho precários para os docentes.
Inclusão escolar e os paradoxos contemporâneos
Authors: Voltolini Rinaldo , Fonseca Paula Fontana 
Published: December 2020

Resenha do dossiê temático Enjeux d’inclusion à l’école: regards psychanalytiques lançado na França em 2020, com organização de Ilaria Pirone, que aporta uma visada psicanalítica ao debate atual acerca da inclusão escolar.
Paroxetine Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy Via Blocking GRK2 and ADRB1 Interaction in Hypertension
Authors: Sun Xuejing , Zhou Mengli , Wen Gaiyan , Huang Yun , Wu Junru , Peng Liping , Jiang Weihong , Yuan Hong , Lu Yao , Cai Jingjing 
Published: December 2020

Background
ADRB1 (adrenergic receptor beta 1) responds to neuroendocrine stimulations, which have great implications in hypertension. GRK2 (G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2) is an essential regulator for many G protein‐coupled receptors and subsequent cell signaling cascades, but its role as a regulator of ADRB1 and associated cardiac hypertrophy in hypertension remains to be elucidated.

Methods and Results
In this study, we found the expressions of GRK2 and ADRB1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were positively associated with blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients and with their expression in heart. In vitro evidence showed a direct interaction in ADRB1 and GRK2 and genetic depletion of GRK2 blocks epinephrine‐induced upregulation of hypertrophic and fibrotic genes in cardiomyocytes. Meanwhile, we discovered a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine specifically blockades GRK2 and ADRB1 interaction. In vivo, paroxetine treatment ameliorates hypertension‐induced cardiac hypertrophy, dysfunction, and fibrosis in animal models. We found that paroxetine suppressed sympathetic overdrive and increased the adrenergic receptor sensitivity to catecholamines. Paroxetine treatment also blocks epinephrine‐induced upregulation of hypertrophic and fibrotic genes as well as ADRB1 internalization in cardiomyocytes. Coadministration of paroxetine further potentiates metoprolol‐induced reductions in blood pressure and heart rate, further attenuating cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Furthermore, in patients with hypertension accompanied with depression, we observed that cardiac remodeling was less severe in those with paroxetine treatment compared with those with other types of anti‐depressive agents.

Conclusions
Paroxetine promotes ADRB1 sensitivity and attenuates cardiac hypertrophy partially via blocking GRK2‐mediated ADRB1 activation and internalization in the context of hypertension.
Ambient Particle Components and Newborn Blood Pressure in Project Viva
Authors: Zanobetti Antonella , Coull Brent A. , Luttmann‐Gibson Heike , van Rossem Lenie , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L. , Kloog Itai , Schwartz Joel D. , Oken Emily , Bobb Jennifer F. , Koutrakis Petros , Gold Diane R. 
Published: December 2020

Background

Both elemental metals and particulate air pollution have been reported to influence adult blood pressure (BP). The aim of this study is to examine which elemental components of particle mass with diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM
2.5
) are responsible for previously reported associations between PM
2.5
and neonatal BP.

Methods and Results

We studied 1131 mother‐infant pairs in Project Viva, a Boston‐area prebirth cohort. We measured systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) at a mean age of 30 hours. We calculated average exposures during the 2 to 7 days before birth for the PM
2.5
components—aluminum, arsenic, bromine, sulfur, copper, iron, zinc, nickel, vanadium, titanium, magnesium, potassium, silicon, sodium, chlorine, calcium, and lead—measured at the Harvard supersite. Adjusting for covariates and PM
2.5
, we applied regression models to examine associations between PM
2.5
components and median SBP and DBP, and used variable selection methods to select which components were more strongly associated with each BP outcome. We found consistent results with higher nickel associated with significantly higher SBP and DBP, and higher zinc associated with lower SBP and DBP. For an interquartile range increase in the log Z score (1.4) of nickel, we found a 1.78 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.72–2.84) increase in SBP and a 1.30 (95% CI, 0.54–2.06) increase in DBP. Increased zinc (interquartile range log Z score 1.2) was associated with decreased SBP (−1.29 mm Hg; 95% CI, −2.09 to −0.50) and DBP (−0.85 mm Hg; 95% CI: −1.42 to −0.29).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that prenatal exposures to particulate matter components, and particularly nickel, may increase newborn BP.
Occult Blood in Feces Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Ischemic Stroke and Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Population Study
Authors: Moon Jung Min , Lee Hyun Jung , Han Kyungdo , Kim Da Hye , Hong Seung Wook , Soh Hosim , Park Seona , Kang Eun Ae , Lee Jooyoung , Koh Seong‐Joon , Im Jong Pil , Kim Joo Sung 
Published: December 2020

Background
Although occult hemoglobin in feces is universally valued as a screening tool for colorectal cancer (CRC), only few studies investigated the clinical meaning of fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in other diseases. We evaluated the clinical utility of FIT in patients with cardiovascular diseases (namely, ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction [MI]).

Methods and Results

Using the National Health Insurance database, participants (aged >50 years) with CRC screening records from 2009 to 2012 were screened and followed up. Subjects with a history of cardiovascular diseases and CRC were excluded. Ischemic stroke, MI, and other comorbidities were defined by
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision
(
ICD‐10
), codes. Age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and body mass index were adjusted in a multivariate analysis. A total of 6 277 446 subjects were eligible for analysis. During the mean 6.79 years of follow‐up, 168 570 participants developed ischemic stroke, 105 983 developed MI, and 11 253 deaths were observed. A multivariate‐adjusted model revealed that the risk of ischemic stroke was higher in the FIT‐positive population (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; 95% CI, 1.07–1.11). Similarly, FIT‐positive subjects were at an increased risk of MI (adjusted HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06–1.12). Moreover, increased all‐cause mortality was observed in the FIT‐positive population (adjusted HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07–1.23). The increased risk remained consistent in the stratified analysis on anemia and CRC status.

Conclusions
Positive FIT findings were associated with ischemic stroke, MI, and mortality. Occult blood in feces may offer more clinical information than its well‐known conventional role in CRC screening.
Genetic Liability to Depression and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction, and Other Cardiovascular Outcomes
Authors: Lu Yunlong , Wang Zhen , Georgakis Marios K. , Lin Hefeng , Zheng Liangrong 
Published: December 2020

Background
Observational studies have indicated that depression is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, causal associations between depression and cardiovascular diseases remain controversial. Hence, we conducted a Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis to evaluate the associations of depression‐related genetic variants with CAD and myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results

Summary statistics from genome‐wide association studies of depression (807 553 individuals), and CAD (60 801 cases, including 43 676 with myocardial infarction, and 123 504 controls) were used. We pooled Mendelian randomization estimates using a fixed‐effects inverse‐variance weighted meta‐analysis and multivariable Mendelian randomization. The mediation effects of potential cardiovascular risk factors on depression‐CAD and myocardial infarction risk were investigated by using mediation analysis. We also explored the relationship of genetic liability to depression with heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and ischemic stroke. Genetic liability to depression was associated with higher CAD (odds ratio [OR], 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06–1.24;
P
=1.0×10
−3
) and myocardial infarction (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.11–1.33;
P
=4.8×10
−5
) risks. Results were consistent in all sensitivity analyses. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and smoking demonstrated significant mediation effects. Furthermore, our Mendelian randomization analyses revealed that the genetic liability to depression was associated with higher risks of heart failure and small vessel stroke.

Conclusions
Genetic liability to depression is associated with higher CAD and myocardial infarction risks, partly mediated by type 2 diabetes mellitus and smoking. The potential preventive value of depression treatment on cardiovascular diseases should be investigated in the future.
Relationship of Circulating Endothelial Cells With Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Soltero Erica G. , Solovey Anna N. , Hebbel Robert P. , Palzer Elise F. , Ryder Justin R. , Shaibi Gabriel Q. , Olson Micah , Fox Claudia K. , Rudser Kyle D. , Dengel Donald R. , Evanoff Nicholas G. , Kelly Aaron S. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) reflect early changes in endothelial health; however, the degree to which CEC number and activation is related to adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in youth is not well described.

Methods and Results

Youth in this study (N=271; aged 8–20 years) were classified into normal weight (body mass index [BMI] percentage <85th; n=114), obesity (BMI percentage ≥95th to <120% of the 95th; n=63), and severe obesity (BMI percentage ≥120% of the 95th; n=94) catagories. CEC enumeration was determined using immunohistochemical examination of buffy coat smears and activated CEC (percentage of vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 expression) was assessed using immunofluorescent staining. Cardiovascular risk factors included measures of body composition, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, lipid profile, C‐reactive protein, leptin, adiponectin, oxidized low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, carotid artery intima–media thickness, and pulse wave velocity. Linear regression models examined associations between CEC number and activation with BMI and cardiovascular risk factors. CEC number did not differ among BMI classes (
P
>0.05). Youth with severe obesity had a higher degree of CEC activation compared with normal weight youth (8.3%; 95% CI, 1.1–15.6 [
P
=0.024]). Higher CEC number was associated with greater body fat percentage (0.02 per percentage; 95% CI, 0.00–0.03 [
P
=0.020]) and systolic blood pressure percentile (0.01 per percentage; 95% CI, 0.00–0.01 [
P
=0.035]). Higher degree of CEC activation was associated with greater visceral adipose tissue (5.7% per kg; 95% CI, 0.4–10.9 [
P
=0.034]) and non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.11% per mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.01–0.21 [
P
=0.039]).

Conclusions
Methods of CEC quantification are associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors and may potentially reflect accelerated atherosclerosis as early as childhood.
Georg von Neumayer (1826—1909) und die internationale Entwicklung der Geophysik
Authors: Schröder Wilfried , Wiederkehr Karl Heinrich 
Published: December 2020

Bei der Begründung der heutigen Geophysik im 19. Jahrhundert spielte G. v. Neumayer eine bedeutende Rolle. Sein Weitblick und sein organisatorisches Talent führten zu zahlreichen geophysikalisch-meteorologischen Unternehmungen, die zur Etablierung der Geophysik als eigenständige Wissenschaft erheblich beitrugen. Neumayers Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Forschern wie Ch. H. D. Buys-Ballot aus Holland, N. Hoffmeyer aus Dänemark und J. v. Ilann aus Österreich wird geschildert. Ebenso wichtig wurde Neumayers Hilfe beim Ersten Internationalen Polarjahr (1882183) und bei der Entwicklung der Arktis- und Antarktis-Forschung.
Bei der Begründung der heutigen Geophysik im 19. Jahrhundert spielte G. v. Neumayer eine bedeutende Rolle. Sein Weitblick und sein organisatorisches Talent führten zu zahlreichen geophysikalisch-meteorologischen Unternehmungen, die zur Etablierung der Geophysik als eigenständige Wissenschaft erheblich beitrugen. Neumayers Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Forschern wie Ch. H. D. Buys-Ballot aus Holland, N. Hoffmeyer aus Dänemark und J. v. Ilann aus Österreich wird geschildert. Ebenso wichtig wurde Neumayers Hilfe beim Ersten Internationalen Polarjahr (1882183) und bei der Entwicklung der Arktis- und Antarktis-Forschung.
Die Präsenz Theodor Kochers im Werk des Triestiner Chirurgen Gustavo Usiglio über die Schilddrüsentumoren (1894)
Authors: Premuda Loris 
Published: December 2020

Obwohl von den Medizinhistorikern bisher nicht zur Kenntnis genommen, pflegte Gustavo Usiglio (1855—1933) in Triest eine Chirurgie von hohem Rang. Er war Schüler Billroths und widmete diesem seine Monographie über Blasenstein-Zertrümmerung (1882).
In seinem hier vorgestellten Werk über Schilddrüsen-Geschwülste — im wesentlichen geht es um den Kropf — zeigt sich Usiglio als begeisterter Jünger Kochers.
Montaigne und Paracelsus
Authors: Bernoulli René 
Published: December 2020

In diesem Jahr 1992 wird an zahlreichen Kongressen und Tagungen des 400. Todestages von Michel de Montaigne gedacht (1533—1592). Ich komme der Aufforderung des Redaktors des Gesnerus gerne nach, einen Beitrag zu diesem Zentenarium, zu liefern. Als Anthropologe gehört Montaigne zweifelsohne auch zur Geschichte der Medizin.
In der vorliegenden Abhandlung wird der Perigourdiner Michel de Montaigne in einzelnen seiner Auffassungen und Äusserungen dem aus Einsiedeln gebürtigen Paracelsus (Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, ca. 1493— 1541) gegenübergestellt. Beide waren sich einig in der Kritik, die sie, jeder auf seine Art, an der Medizin ihrer Zeit ausübten. Montaigne hat mehrmals Paracelsus erwähnt. Beide sind heute noch modern; beide erleben in unserer Epoche eine Renaissance.
Der Beitrag Gottlieb Burckhardts (1836-1907) zur Psychochirurgie in medizinhistorischer und ethischer Sicht
Authors: Gross Dominik 
Published: December 2020

Psychosurgery is defined as the practice of destroying or removing healthy brain tissue in order to change behaviour. Although the neurologist Egas Moniz (1874-1955) is occasionally said to be the founder of psychosurgery, the first psychosurgical operations were performed by Gottlieb Burckhardt, a Swiss psychiatrist who practised in the late 19th century. In 1891 he reported the results of topectomies on six patients suffering from different psychiatric diseases. The aim of the present article is to illuminate the life of Burckhardt as well as his contribution to psychosurgery. Special attention is paid to the ethical aspects of his operative interventions.
First of all, we have to make allowance for the fact that the therapeutic chances in 19th-century psychiatry were quite poor. Therefore, Burckhardts topectomies might have been seen as a new and hopeful way of therapy. But by analysing Burckhardt’s case reports, it becomes clear that he did not intend to cure his patients but only to ameliorate their disturbing behaviour and their non-compliance. Burckhardt himself tried to justify the immense risk of his operations by referring to the necessity of progress in medicine. Although Burckhardt spoke of promising improvements, his positive appraisal can hardly be maintained. For this and other reasons, his contemporary colleagues mainly declined his methods and reports.