bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Halal food marketing: an evaluation of UK halal standards
Authors: Fuseini Awal , Hadley Phil , Knowles Toby 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
Because of the economic significance of the Halal meat market, many food business operators have started trading in Halal meat products. Some businesses rely solely on the services of Halal certification bodies (HCBs) to assure Halal consumers as to the authenticity of Halal meat products. However, the lack of unified national or global Halal standards has resulted in confusion as to what is authentic Halal. This paper aims to survey HCBs in the UK to highlight the major differences between the various Halal standards with regard to Halal meat production.

Design/methodology/approach
Out of 15 HCBs that the authors contacted, 9 agreed to participate in the study. Respondents were asked to indicate what slaughter practices are acceptable according to their standard and further indicate if their respective organisations carried out speciation testing to detect the presence of foreign deoxyribonucleic acid in certified Halal products.

Findings
All nine certifiers indicated that they owned and operated according to a written Halal standard. The majority of certifiers indicated that they accepted pre-slaughter stunning if the stunning did not result in the death of animals prior to exsanguination, a Muslim should perform the slaughter and a short prayer must be recited and only manual (by hand) slaughter is acceptable.

Research limitations/implications
The findings give an insight into acceptable and prohibited procedures during Halal meat production in the UK. Abattoir operators, meat processors and retailers can use this as a guide when selecting suitable Halal certifiers for their businesses.

Originality/value
The study reveals that there are a number of HCBs in the UK who are all operating according to the different interpretation of the Halal dietary laws. The paper further highlights the different slaughter procedures that are acceptable and prohibited to different certifiers.
STEM challenge: two years of community-engaged engineering
Authors: Hite Rebecca , Spott Jessica , Johnson Levi , Sobehrad Lane 
Published: May 2020

PurposeCommunity-engaged partnerships have the ability to combine expertise and resources to enhance the local STEM learning ecosystem, by engaging the actors in communities that can enhance students' experiences in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education. Texas Tech University (TTU) and Lubbock Independent School District (LISD) have partnered to coordinate an annual STEM Challenge to encourage STEM learning and interest among local middle grade students. Each summer, teams of (three to four) students from ten LISD middle schools participate in a week-long engineering design challenge, facilitated by TTU undergraduate mentors and their teachers, structured by the Engineering Design Process (EDP).Design/methodology/approachQuantitative (survey) and qualitative (open-ended responses) data from two years of student glider and hovercraft projects offer insight into how 66 students developed STEM knowledge and leveraged 21st-century skills to accomplish a shared aim (design challenge).FindingsFindings suggest growth in students' 21st-century skills, most among underrepresented (racial, ethnic and gender minority) groups. Data from year one (2018) informed year two (2019) in both programming and the research, including enhanced training for mentors and a deeper exploration of students' experiences during each stage of the EDP during the STEM challenge.Originality/valueSignificant and salient findings are discussed along with recommendations for both programmatic and methodological improvements for year three (2020). This study provides insight into how to structure similar community-engaged partnerships in enhancing the community STEM ecosystem through collaborative STEM experiences for diverse, younger learners.
Integrating social enterprise and social marketing with shadow framework
Authors: Roy Partha Sarathi , Goswami Paromita 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to argue for an integrative model of social enterprises (SE) and social marketing (SM) to usher in desirable change, instead of the currently adopted either/or approach. We offer the shadow framework to integrate these two paradigms in the context of peace-building organizations.Design/methodology/approachUsing purposive sampling strategy, 19 cases of peacebuilding initiatives were identified and reviewed from secondary sources. Ashoka Fellows working in the domain of peacebuilding, along with a few other exemplary cases across the globe were considered.FindingsWe found an emerging typology of three forms in the organizational responses to peacebuilding initiatives: (a) pure charity-driven work, (b) dual structure of charity plus business enterprises, and (c) social enterprises with distinct revenue model.Research limitations/implicationsBuilding upon previous theoretical research, we find a lot of merit in SEs adopting the SM toolkit. We contribute to theory building by showing the interaction between paradox theory and stakeholder marketing in the context of SEs dealing with wicked problems such as peacebuilding. Consequently, we propose a shadow social marketing (SSM) model that would camouflage the real offering of peace through an apparent offering that would be non-controversial in nature and result in moderate-importance small wins for the multiple stakeholders involved with conflicting interests.Practical implicationsFrom a managerial perspective, chances of success of the desired social change increases by complementing the efforts of SEs through the SM toolkit. Organizationally, although all the three forms of peacebuilding initiatives can benefit from systematic usage of the SSM, they need to reframe their efforts toward those that are not pro-peace, rather than preach to the converted. Consequently, the answer may lie in efforts at building cultural sensitivity to promote entrepreneurship amongst such target groups amongst such target groups in conflicting communities, with an organizational form that successfully marries SEs and SM.Originality/valueThough previous scholarship mentions the need for finding complementarities between social marketing objectives and social enterprise missions, no paper yet has suggested a roadmap for achieving it. This paper highlights an integrative plan that, in this specific case of peacebuilding initiatives, or social enterprises in general, can leverage to evolve better organizational practices, improve financial sustainability and measurable impact to effect the desired social change.
Seagrass coastal protection services reduced by invasive species expansion and megaherbivore grazing
Authors: James Rebecca K. , Christianen Marjolijn J. A. , van Katwijk Marieke M. , de Smit Jaco C. , Bakker Elisabeth S. , Herman Peter M. J. , Bouma Tjeerd J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Seagrasses provide an important ecosystem service by creating a stable erosion‐resistant seabed that contributes to effective coastal protection. Variable morphologies and life‐history strategies, however, are likely to impact the sediment stabilization capacity of different seagrass species. We question how opportunistic invasive species and increasing grazing by megaherbivores may alter sediment stabilization services provided by established seagrass meadows, using the Caribbean as a case study.

Utilizing two portable field‐flumes that simulate unidirectional and oscillatory flow regimes, we compared the sediment stabilization capacity of natural seagrass meadows in situ under current‐ and wave‐dominated regimes. Monospecific patches of a native (Thalassia testudinum) and an invasive (Halophila stipulacea) seagrass species were compared, along with the effect of three levels of megaherbivore grazing on T. testudinum: ungrazed, lightly grazed and intensively grazed.

For both hydrodynamic regimes, the long‐leaved, dense meadows of the climax species, T. testudinum provided the highest stabilization. However, the loss of above‐ground biomass by intensive grazing reduced the capacity of the native seagrass to stabilize the surface sediment. Caribbean seagrass meadows are presently threatened by the rapid spread of the invasive opportunistic seagrass, H. stipulacea. The dense meadows of H. stipulacea were found to accumulate fine sediment, and thereby, appear to be effective in reducing bottom shear stress during calm periods. This fine sediment within the invasive meadows, however, is easily resuspended by hydrodynamic forces, and the low below‐ground biomass of H. stipulacea make it susceptible to uprooting during storm events, potentially leaving large regions vulnerable to erosion. Overall, this present study highlights that intensive megaherbivore grazing and opportunistic invasive species threaten the coastal protection services provided by mildly grazed native species.

Synthesis. Seagrass meadows of dense, long‐leaved species stabilize the sediment surface and maintain the seabed integrity, thereby contributing to coastal protection. These services are threatened by intensive megaherbivore grazing, which reduces the stability of the surface sediment, and opportunistic invasive species, which are susceptible to uprooting in storms and thereby can leave the seabed vulnerable to erosion.
The Psilocin (4‐hydroxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine) and Bufotenine (5‐hydroxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine) Case: Ensuring the Correct Isomer has Been Identified
Authors: Mishraki‐Berkowitz Tehila , Kochelski Esti , Kavanagh Pierce , O'Brien John , Dunne Clodagh , Talbot Brian , Ennis Patricia , Wolf Udi (Ehud) 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPsilocin (4‐hydroxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine, 4‐HO‐DMT) and bufotenine (5‐hydroxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine, 5‐HO‐DMT), which are both naturally occurring compounds, are classified as controlled substances in numerous countries due to their pharmacological activities and recreational usage. There are two other benzene ring regioisomers, 6‐hydroxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (6‐HO‐DMT) and 7‐hydroxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (7‐HO‐DMT), which are not classified by name as controlled substances, and which were synthesized for this current work. The four isomers were analyzed using routine methodologies employed by the Israel's Police Division of Identification and Forensic Science (DIFS) Laboratory, namely thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS). It was found possible to differentiate the four isomers. Forensic specimens that were suspected to be psilocybe mushrooms were examined, confirming that it is now possible to unequivocally identify the presence of psilocin and rule out the presence of its other isomers.
Long‐term survivor of pulmonary combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma treated with nivolumab
Authors: Oda Risa , Okuda Katsuhiro , Yamashita Yoriko , Sakane Tadashi , Tatematsu Tsutomu , Yokota Keisuke , Endo Katsuhiko , Nakanishi Ryoichi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeveral authors have previously reported that patients with pulmonary combined large cell neuroendocrine cancer ( LCNEC) have a poor prognosis and there is no consensus on the treatment strategy for combined LCNEC as well as LCNEC. Here, we report the case of a long‐term survivor with pulmonary combined LCNEC. The patient was a 60‐year‐old man who underwent thoracoscopic right lower lobectomy. The final histopathology and staging of the tumor showed LCNEC combined with squamous cell carcinoma and T2aN0M0 stage IB. Multimodality treatments including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery for several recurrences were performed after the pulmonary surgery. After immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy with nivolumab, all the metastatic lesions shrunk and a partial response was maintained at five years after the first surgery. In our case, ICI after multimodality therapy combining cytotoxic anticancer drugs and radiotherapy was effective in LCNEC with metachronous multiple metastases.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyImmune checkpoint inhibitor after multimodality therapy combining cytotoxic anticancer drugs and radiotherapy was effective in LCNEC with metachronous multiple metastases. The patient survived over five‐years after the first surgery.What this study addsImmune checkpoint inhibitor may be effective in some LCNEC patients.
Morphology of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)tongue
Authors: Abbate Francesco , Guerrera Maria Cristina , Levanti Maria , Laurà Rosaria , Germanà Germana Patrizia , Montalbano Giuseppe , Cavallaro Mauro , Germanà Antonino 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a freshwater and marine fish of the family Salmonidae, widely farmed in aquaculture facilities in several countries. The salmon are carnivorous, but in aquaculture, alternative foods have been experienced. It is well known that feeding in captivity should cause adaptation and modifications of the morphological characteristics of the oral cavity, especially of tongue; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate, by light, laser confocal and scanning electron microscopy, the morphological characteristics of the tongue dorsal surface, considering the importance of the correlations between feeding habits and the anatomy of the tongue. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrates the presence of caniniform teeth with oro‐aboral orientation surrounded by numerous filiform papillae, single, fused or arranged in row. Oro‐aborally, the papillae show an appearance like a rosette and they disappear at level of the root. Light and laser confocal microscopy demonstrates that the mucosa is covered by a non‐keratinized stratified pavement epithelium with, in the deepest layer, the presence of a triangular structure whose apex is cranially directed and base facing aborally. In this structure, spindle‐shaped cells are present, with a vimentin immunoreactivity, that for their characteristics could be adult mesenchymal stem cells. The obtained data could be useful not only for further studies on the nutrition, but it is interesting the detection of tissues typical of the embryo‐fetal phase in the adult specimens tongue, thus giving a basis for studies of potential applications, if any, regarding cell therapies for different clinical indications.
The Face of the Mexican: Race, Nation, and Criminal Identification in Mexico
Authors: Nieves Delgado Abigail 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTVarious scientific techniques are used worldwide in contemporary criminal identification. Caramex, called the “Face of the Mexican,” is a face‐recall system for criminal identification specifically developed for the Mexican population. It is a photographic database composed of Mexican facial traits to generate composite sketches. In this article, I examine Caramex and show that it works according to specific ideas of nation, mixture (mestizaje), and race (mestizo). In contrast to racial ideologies in which purity is the assumed and desired condition of races, Caramex highlights hybridity. This specific framework—drawing on what I call “Mexicanness”—guides the construction of the database and thus the production of portraits. The analysis historically situates the development of Caramex and provides insights into the daily use of this technology. It shows that Caramex not only reproduces old views of nation and race but also generates new ideas on these issues, as users can alter the photographic database and contest the ideas that shaped the technology. Thus, more generally, this case shows how technologies of identification incorporate and construct ideas of nationhood and human variation in Latin America. [face‐recall system, mestizo, race, Caramex, Mexicanness, Mexico]
Pneumomediastinum following intubation in COVID‐19 patients: a case series
Authors: Wali A. , Rizzo V. , Bille A. , Routledge T. , Chambers A.J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe number of patients requiring tracheal intubation rose dramatically in March and April 2020 with the COVID‐19 outbreak. Our thoracic surgery department has seen an increased incidence of severe pneumomediastinum referred for surgical opinion in intubated patients with COVID‐19 pneumonitis. Here we present a series of five patients with severe pneumomediastinum requiring decompression therapy over a 7‐day period in the current COVID‐19 outbreak. We hypothesise that the mechanism for this is the aggressive disease pathophysiology with an increased risk of alveolar damage and tracheobronchial injury, along with the use of larger‐bore tracheal tubes and higher ventilation pressures. We present this case series in order to highlight the increased risk of this potentially life‐threatening complication among the COVID‐19 patient cohort and offer guidance for its management to critical care physicians.
A virtual clinic increases anti‐TNF dose intensification success via a treat‐to‐target approach compared with standard outpatient care in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Srinivasan Ashish , van Langenberg Daniel R. , Little Robert D. , Sparrow Miles P. , De Cruz Peter , Ward Mark G. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBackgroundVirtual clinics represent a novel model of care in inflammatory bowel disease. Their effectiveness in promoting high quality use of biologic therapy and facilitating a treat‐to‐target approach is unknown.AimTo evaluate clinical and process‐driven outcomes in a virtual clinic compared to standard outpatient care amongst patients receiving intensified anti‐TNF therapy for secondary loss of response.MethodsWe performed a retrospective multi‐centre, parallel, observational cohort study of Crohn's disease patients receiving intensified anti‐TNF therapy for secondary loss of response. Objective assessments of disease activity and anti‐TNF trough levels at secondary loss of response and during subsequent 6‐month semesters, were compared longitudinally between virtual clinic and standard outpatient care cohorts. The primary endpoint was treatment success, with appropriateness of dose intensification, tight disease monitoring and treatment de‐escalation representing secondary outcomes.ResultsOf 149 patients with similar baseline characteristics, 69 were managed via a virtual clinic and 80 via standard outpatient care. There were higher rates of treatment success in the virtual clinic cohort (60.9 vs 35.0%, P < 0.002). Rates of appropriate dose intensification (82.6% vs 40.0%, P < 0.001), biomarker remission (faecal calprotectin P = 0.002), tight‐disease monitoring (84.1% vs 28.8%, P < 0.001) and treatment de‐escalation (21.3% vs 10.0%, P = 0.027) also favoured the virtual clinic cohort.ConclusionThis study favoured a virtual clinic‐led model‐of‐care over standard outpatient care in facilitating treatment success as part of an effective treat‐to‐target approach in Crohn's disease. A virtual clinic model‐of‐care also improved treatment outcomes and quality of use of intensified anti‐TNF therapy through processes that promoted appropriate dose intensification and tight‐disease monitoring, while encouraging more frequent dose de‐escalation.
Review article: impact of cigarette smoking on intestinal inflammation—direct and indirect mechanisms
Authors: Papoutsopoulou Stamatia , Satsangi Jack , Campbell Barry J. , Probert Chris S. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are related multifactorial diseases. Their pathogenesis is influenced by each individual's immune system, the environmental factors within exposome and genetic predisposition. Smoking habit is the single best‐established environmental factor that influences disease phenotype, behaviour and response to therapy.AimTo assess current epidemiological, experimental and clinical evidence that may explain how smoking impacts on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.MethodsA Medline search for 'cigarette smoking', in combination with terms including ‘passive’, ‘second‐hand’, 'intestinal inflammation', ‘Crohn's disease’, ‘ulcerative colitis’, 'colitis'; 'intestinal epithelium', ‘immune system', 'intestinal microbiota', ‘tight junctions’, ‘mucus’, ‘goblet cells’, ‘Paneth cells’, ‘autophagy’; ‘epigenetics’, ‘genes’, ‘DNA methylation’, ‘histones’, ‘short noncoding/long noncoding RNAs’; ‘carbon monoxide/CO’ and ‘nitric oxide/NO’ was performed.ResultsStudies found evidence of direct and indirect effects of smoking on various parameters, including oxidative damage, impairment of intestinal barrier and immune cell function, epigenetic and microbiota composition changes, that contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.ConclusionsCigarette smoking promotes intestinal inflammation by affecting the function and interactions among intestinal epithelium, immune system and microbiota/microbiome.
Course video recommendation with multimodal information in online learning platforms: A deep learning framework
Authors: Xu Wei , Zhou Yuhan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith the rapid development of online learning platforms, learners have more access to various kinds of courses. However, they may find it difficult to make choices due to the massive number of courses. The main contribution of our research is the design of a course recommendation framework which extracts multimodal course features based on deep learning models. In this framework, different kinds of information of course, such as course title, and course audio and course comments, are used to make proper recommendation in online learning platforms. Moreover, we utilize both explicit and implicit feedback to infer learner’s preference. Based on real‐world datasets, our empirical results show that the proposed framework performs well in course recommendation, achieving an AUC score of 79.03%. This framework can provide technical support for course video recommendation, thus helping online learning platforms to manage course resources and optimize user learning experience.
Understanding When and Why Some Adolescent Girls Attempt Suicide: An Emerging Framework Integrating Menstrual Cycle Fluctuations in Risk
Authors: Owens Sarah A. , Eisenlohr‐Moul Tory A. , Prinstein Mitchell J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors increases dramatically across the transition to puberty, particularly among adolescent girls. Yet we know little about why adolescent girls are at heightened risk, or when girls may be most likely to consider or engage in suicidal behavior. In this article, we outline evidence supporting a role for the menstrual cycle in the onset of and fluctuations in adolescent girls’ suicide risk. This emerging framework outlines developmental (i.e., biological, social, and cognitive) characteristics that might place certain girls at higher risk (e.g., between‐subjects factors), as well as potential mechanisms that occur during the perimenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle (i.e., within‐subjects factors) that increase adolescent females’ increased risk for suicide.