bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Winter wheat cultivar post‐harvest effects: Varieties differ in residue management requirements and effect on yield of next crop
Authors: Graebner Ryan C. , Harrison Kyle , Hunt Matthew , Wood Daisy , Hagerty Christina H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the potential of different wheat varieties to influence the performance of the subsequent wheat crop. In fall 2021, a single variety of winter wheat (cv. Norwest Tandem) was planted into standing wheat stubble in plots that were previously planted to five winter wheat varieties. At harvest, yield was significantly affected by the variety that had been planted in each plot during the first year of the trial. Specifically, wheat following the variety Pritchett yielded approximately 12% more than wheat following the variety Bobtail. While planting the second crop, residue from the winter wheat variety Norwest Duet caused the no‐till plot drill to plug (accumulate large amounts of soil and crop residue in front of openers) far more than residue from the other varieties. This indicates that varieties differ in their residue management requirements. These differences could be exploited to best fit different agricultural practices. This study highlights the potential importance of varietal effects that persist in the field after the field is harvested. However, more work is needed to understand varietal differences in residue management requirements and varietal effects of the successive crop before they can be fully leveraged in wheat breeding and genetics, wheat agronomy, variety testing programs, and eventually the producer's field.
Sub‐Nanometer Pt Nanowires with Disordered Shells for Highly Active Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Formic Acid
Authors: Liu Gui , Luo Ruichun , Ma Junhao , Guo Tianqi , Kang Jianxin , Shi Wenxiong , Zhou Wu , Guo Lin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractControlled synthesis of one‐dimensional materials at atomic‐scale dimensions represents a milestone in nanotechnology, offering the potential to maximize atom utilization while enhancing catalytic performance. However, achieving structural stability and durability at such fine scales requires precise control over material structure and local chemical environment. Here, we introduce dimethylamine (DMA) as a small‐molecule modifier, in contrast to conventional long‐chain surfactants, to interact with surface Pt atoms. This approach facilitates the removal of surface Pt atoms bonded to nitrogen atoms in DMA during solubilization in water, effectively stripping the size of Pt nanowires down to sub‐nanometer. The resulting Pt subnanometer nanowires (subNWs) feature a monoatomic‐layer surface composed of disordered, bonding‐unsaturated Pt atoms, and an interior crystalline core as narrow as 0.58 nm in diameter. These unique structural characteristics confer the Pt subNWs with an electrochemically active surface‐area of 189 m2 ⋅ g−1 during formic acid oxidation. Furthermore, the amorphous‐like surface structure lowers the free energy of *OCOH intermediates and inhibits the formation of toxic byproducts CO, demonstrating exceptional electrocatalytic activity of 18.1 A ⋅ mg−1, surpassing most reported Pt‐based electrocatalysts. Our work introduces a novel strategy for the controlled construction of nanowire‐structures at sub‐nanometer scale, effectively bridging the gap between ultrafine structural design and performance stability.
Preparation of ABD‐@MMT Nano‐Flame Retardant Toward Fire‐Safety and Stable Mechanical Properties for Aramid‐Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites
Authors: Cai Tengfei , Li Fangzheng , Qian Chen , Shi Chen , Han Jian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe mismatch of flame retardancy and mechanical properties is still a challenge for developing high‐performance epoxy resin (EP) and its aramid fiber (AF) composite. In this study, bi‐DOPO compound (ABD) was prepared by reacting DOPO with acrolein, Na‐MMT was modified by octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride to prepare organic MMT(@MMT), and finally, ABD‐@MMT nano‐flame retardant was prepared by using ABD to intercalate @MMT to solve this problem. After introducing ABD‐@MMT into AF/EP composites, it exhibited good thermal stability, excellent flame retardancy, and enhanced mechanical properties. The intercalation and exfoliation of the @MMT layer within the ABD and EP matrix indicated a uniform dispersion of the flame retardant. Especially for the sample of 3%ABD‐@MMT/AF/EP composites, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value increased from 23.8% to 34.7% accompanied by the V‐0 rating in the UL‐94 test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of residual carbon postcone calorimetry test and the degree of graphitization after muffle calcination supported the superior flame retardant properties of ABD‐@MMT nanocompounds. Furthermore, the tensile strength of 3%ABD‐@MMT/AF/EP composites measured at 38.3 MPa, representing an 8.5% increase compared to 3%ABD/AF/EP, only decreased by 7% compared to pure AF/EP composites. The incorporation of ABD‐@MMT improved both the burning behavior and mechanical properties of the composite, reflecting reduced burning intensity, increased tensile strength, and impact strength. This study presents a novel approach for developing AF/EP composites with enhanced mechanical strength and flame retardancy.
Remote Sensing Analysis and LiDAR Experimenting in the Espique Valley (La Peza, Granada, Spain)
Authors: Bulnes Jesús Rodríguez , Román Punzón Julio M. , Martín Civantos José M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe Espique valley is a small space at the foot of the mountain, practically closed, which hides a rich archaeological heritage, not only of habitats but also of varied productive spaces. For some years now, MEMOLab UGR has been carrying out research that is now enriched with the contribution of LiDAR, with whose application we are experimenting with at a landscape scale but also with the precision of terrestrial tools for an integrated high‐resolution graphic documentation, which allows us to carry out analyses on the evolution of the settlement and the occupation and uses of this valley.
Beyond decomposition: Hierarchical dependency management in multi‐document question answering
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyan , Li Zhi , Chen Qianglong , Zhang Yin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhen using retrieval‐augmented generation (RAG) to handle multi‐document question answering (MDQA) tasks, it is beneficial to decompose complex queries into multiple simpler ones to enhance retrieval results. However, previous strategies always employ a one‐shot approach of question decomposition, overlooking subquestions dependency problem and failing to ensure that the derived subqueries are single‐hop. To overcome this challenge, we introduce a novel framework called DSRC‐QCS. Decompose‐solve‐renewal‐cycle (DSRC) is an iterative multi‐hop question processing module. The key idea of DSRC involves using a unique symbol to achieve hierarchical dependency management and employing a cyclical process of question decomposition, solving, and renewal to continuously generate and resolve all single‐hop subquestions. Query‐chain selector (QCS) functions as a voting mechanism that effectively utilizes the reasoning process of DSRC to assess and select solutions. We compare DSRC‐QCS against five RAG approaches across three datasets and three LLMs. DSRC‐QCS demonstrates superior performance. Compared to the Direct Retrieval method, DSRC‐QCS improves the average F1 score by 17.36% with Alpaca‐7b, 10.83% with LLaMa2‐Chat‐7b, and 11.88% with GPT‐3.5‐Turbo. We also conduct ablation studies to validate the performance of both DSRC and QCS and explore factors influencing the effectiveness of DSRC. We have included all prompts in the Appendix.
Emissive Features of Perylene Diimide Derivative with β‐Cyclodextrin: Probing the role of inter and intramolecular interactions
Authors: Barooah Nilotpal , Soni Gunjan , Ghosh Rajib , Mohanty Jyotirmayee , Bhasikuttan Achikanath C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPerylene diimide (PDI) derivatives have been extensively explored as chromophoric dyes for functional organic materials. Here, the custom synthesized tyrosine appended perylene diimide (PDI‐Tyr) derivative has shown strong aggregation in aqueous medium diminishing its emissive features, which was surpassed by the supramolecular interaction with β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD). Complex formation between PDI‐Tyr and β‐CD, proposed from the absorption and emission studies, have been substantiated by the 1H‐NMR, ITC and geometry optimization data. Time‐resolved emission and transient absorption studies carried out on PDI‐Tyr in the absence and presence of β‐CD, revealed an excited state intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process from the tyrosine moiety to the PDI core with a time constant of ~30 ps, and the same gets retarded on encapsulation of the tyrosine groups in the βCD:PDI‐Tyr (2 : 1) complex and the kinetics slows down to ~480 ps, reviving the emissive features. The absence of a long lifetime component and the lower emission enhancement in the monomeric condition as compared to the phenyl alanine (PDI‐Phe) derivative, emphasize the major role of the ICT process in PDI‐Tyr, which subdue the features of intermolecular aggregation, establishing the tunability of the emissive properties with the customization of intra and intermolecular interactions.
In‐Situ Repair Strategies for Defects in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Jia , Zhao Ruonan , Chen Yiwang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPerovskite solar cells have achieved significant progress in recent years. However, they still have challenges in photovoltaic conversion efficiency and long‐term stability. Widespread defects in perovskite films are one of the most important factors leading to their poor performance. Defect passivation has become the most common strategy for film quality optimization. However, these methods are essentially just deactivation treatments of the defective sites that have already formed and might leave behind influential legacy components, rather than repairing defective crystalline domains timely when film formation begins. Recent high‐profile in‐situ repair strategies can execute these functions simultaneously, with the concept emphasizing repair of defective regions into perovskite crystals in‐situ during crystallization, as well as mechanical self‐healing at the film scale. Here, common coping strategies for perovskite defects are comparatively discussed in terms of the nature of perovskite defects, and several insights on uniquely advantageous in‐situ repair of perovskite films are highlighted, followed by a focused analysis of their mechanisms of action during preparation and practical operation. This concept provides guidance for developing more effective and sustainable defect repair strategies with specific potential to improve perovskite film quality and device performance.
The Structural and Dynamic Insights into the Ala97Ser Amyloidogenic Mutation in Transthyretin
Authors: Feng Yu‐Chen , Agrawal Sashank , Yang Chin‐Hao , Chang Hao‐Chih , Kuo Ling , Yu Wen‐Chung , Liu Yo‐Tsen , Yu Tsyr‐Yan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTransthyretin (TTR), a homo‐tetrameric protein encoded by the TTR gene, can lead to amyloid diseases when destabilized by mutations. The TTR‐Ala97Ser (A97S) mutation is the predominant pathogenic variant found in Han‐Taiwanese patients and is associated with late‐onset familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), which presents a rapid progression of symptoms affecting peripheral nerves and the heart. In this study, we combined nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography to investigate how the A97S mutation impacts the structure and dynamics of TTR. Previous X‐ray analyses indicated that the FG loop exhibits increased flexibility due to the mutation, evidenced by missing electron density and a reduced number of hydrogen bonds. Our NMR hydrogen‐deuterium (H/D) exchange experiments provided additional insights, revealing that inter‐residue hydrogen bonds among the FG loop residues are unstable in both wild‐type (WT) and A97S TTR. Notably, the hydrogen bonds between G67 and S97 are unstable, influencing the stability of adjacent loops. This elongation of the FG loop is believed to contribute to increased flexibility and enhanced water‐protein proton exchange, as observed in NMR relaxation and chemical exchange experiments. Our findings offer a comprehensive understanding of how the A97S mutation affects TTR structure and dynamics, providing new insights into its amyloidogenicity.
Valorization of papaya fruit peel waste for the production of nanocellulose by Novacetimonas hansenii BMK‐3
Authors: Katyal Moniya , Singh Rakshanda , Mahajan Ritu , Sharma Anurekha , Gupta Ranjan , Aggarwal Neeraj K. , Yadav Anita 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNanocellulose is the renewable biopolymer produced in nature by different bacteria. The widespread use of nanocellulose in industrial processes increases the demand for this valuable biomaterial. To overcome the high cost of producing nanocellulose using the Hestrin–Schramm medium, alternative agricultural waste has been studied as a potential low‐cost supply. This study investigated the optimization and physicochemical characterization of cellulose membrane obtained, utilizing a low‐cost substrate—‐papaya peel‐based medium, with Novacetimonas hansenii BMK‐3.The maximum yield of nanocellulose was found at an inoculum age 24 h, inoculum size 10% (v/v), incubation time 15 days, pH 3.5, media:flask volume ratio 1:2.5, and temperature 30°C. Cellulose yield produced using the papaya peel‐based medium was nearly four times more than using the Hestrin–Schramm medium. The structural and physical properties of cellulose were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and derivative of thermogravimetric analysis. Cellulose produced using papaya peel‐based medium had similar properties to cellulose produced in the Hestrin–Schramm medium. The results suggested papaya peels as a cost‐effective substrate for cellulose production with enhanced yield. This study reports an eco‐friendly approach for the management of papaya peels waste disposal and production of value‐added product. This is the first report mentioning the valorization of papaya fruit peel waste for the production of cellulose.
High‐sensitivity real‐time monitoring of pH and respiration activity unveils metabolic dynamics in shake flask cultures
Authors: Sarikaya Burak , Günster Karsten , Grebe Luca Antonia , Forsten Eva , Hürter Katharina , Büchs Jochen , Magnus Jørgen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractErlenmeyer shake flasks are widely used during the first steps of bioprocess development. Despite their broad application in academia and industry, shake flasks usually lack standardized and user‐friendly online monitoring techniques. In this work, the pH and Respiratory Activity MOnitoring System (pH‐RAMOS) for the non‐invasive online measurement of the oxygen transfer rate (OTR), carbon dioxide transfer rate (CTR), and pH in up to eight parallel shake flasks under sterile conditions is presented. The OTR and CTR are quasi‐continuously measured in the headspace of the shake flasks using dedicated oxygen and carbon dioxide sensors, enabling precise respiratory quotient (RQ) evaluation. Self‐adhesive pH sensor spots are used for the high‐frequent real‐time pH monitoring of the culture. These prototype pH sensor spots stand out due to their simple sterilizability and subsequent one‐point calibration in the cultivation medium. The long‐term stability of the pH sensor spots was assessed in a 28‐day long abiotic experiment. The novel pH‐RAMOS was validated with different eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms, such as Ogataea polymorpha, Ustilago trichophora, and Vibrio natriegens. The combination of online OTR, CTR, RQ, and pH signals allowed for identifying various metabolic phenomena, such as oxygen limitations, substrate limitations, diauxies, and the production or consumption of specific compounds, based on their degree of reduction or change of pH. The high‐frequent and sensitive pH‐monitoring was particularly advantageous for registering subtle and transient metabolic phenomena.
A Mn(salen)‐Based Artificial Metalloenzyme for Nitrene and Oxene Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Liu Zhennan , Law Yee‐Song , Kumar Verma Ravi , Ling Goh Yi , Eddy Wong Mun Fei , Sana Barindra , Fan Hao , Lui Ang Ee , Hwee Lim Yee 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe development of artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) offers a potent approach to incorporate non‐natural chemical reactions into biocatalysis. Here we report the assembly of Mn(salen)‐based ArMs by embedding biotinylated Mn(salen) complexes into streptavidin (Sav) variants. Using commercially available nitrene and oxo transfer reagents, these biohybrid catalysts catalyzed the aziridination of alkenes and oxidation of benzylic C−H bonds with up to 19 and 146 turnover numbers.
Position‐Regulated Electrostatic Interactions for Single Amino Acid Revealed by Aspartic Acid‐Scanning Mutagenesis
Authors: Chen Mengting , Ma Lilusi , Li Minxian , Fang Xiaocui , Yang Yanlian , Wang Chen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe have examined in this contribution the electrostatic interactions between single arginine and aspartic acid by analyzing the peptide‐peptide binding characteristics involving arginine‐aspartic acid, arginine‐glycine, arginine‐tryptophan and tryptophan‐glycine interactions. The results of aspartic acid mutagenesis revealed that the interactions between arginine and aspartic acid have significant dependence on the position and composition of amino acids. While the primary interaction can be attributed to arginine‐tryptophan contacts originated from the indole moieties with the main chains of 14‐mers containing N−H and C=O moieties, pronounced enhancement could be identified in association with the electrostatic side‐chain‐side‐chain interactions between arginine and aspartic acid. An optimal separation of 2~4 amino acids between two adjacent aspartic acid and tryptophan binding sites can be identified to achieve maximal enhancement of binding interactions. Such observed separation dependence may be utilized to unravel cooperative effects in heterogeneous interactions between single pair of amino acids.
The Long‐Term Journey of a Tuberculosis Patient With Triple Organ Involvement and Rheumatological Disease: A Case Study and Literature Review
Authors: Saffar Homina , Sobhanian Pooria , Alian Shahriar , Darvishnia David , Baradaran Mansoureh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, which is more prevalent among immunocompromised individuals. According to the distribution of affected organs, this infection can be categorized as either pulmonary or extrapulmonary TB. Immunodeficiency states resulting from rheumatological disorders and the use of immunosuppressive medications, such as in Behçet's disease (BD), are potential predisposing factors for TB, particularly in cases involving multiple organs. These situations can introduce challenges in both the diagnosis and treatment of patients. We describe a 43‐year‐old man with a history of BD who presented with symptoms of weight loss, abdominal pain, and shortness of breath. His chest X‐ray revealed cavities and calcifications, while an abdominal X‐ray demonstrated signs of intestinal obstruction and adhesions. Subsequent TB diagnosis led to a 6‐month course of a TB treatment regimen. Despite treatment initiation, the patient developed a brain abscess 1 year later, necessitating surgical intervention. Following the procedure, he received another 1‐year course of a TB treatment regimen and experienced full recovery without any complications during a 2‐year follow‐up period. Notably, the patient recently received a Sinopharm COVID‐19 vaccine and subsequently developed seizures that are currently being managed with anticonvulsant therapy. This case report emphasizes the significance of including pulmonary TB in complex medical cases, especially in individuals with autoimmune diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes and reducing the risk of complications. Furthermore, it highlights the possible correlation between TB and BD, along with the potential adverse reactions to COVID‐19 vaccines in this population, which necessitate special consideration by healthcare professionals.
Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Commercial Innovations and Prospects
Authors: Varhade Swapnil , Guruji Avni , Singh Chandani , Cicero Giancarlo , García‐Melchor Max , Helsen Joost , Pant Deepak 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSustainability is an imperative requirement in this era, with electrocatalytic power into fuels technologies emerging as a significant route toward sustainable chemistry. One of the focus areas within the chemical industry is capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) and its electrochemical reduction (eCO2RR) into economically viable commodities through the utilization of renewable sources. Despite some specific eCO2RR technologies being poised for market introduction, the development of a comprehensive technology for eCO2RR remains a challenge. While certain technologies targeting specific eCO2RR products are on the verge of deployment, substantial efforts are still necessary to transition and establish presence in the market over conventional technologies. This review highlights recent technological advancements, fundamental studies, and the persisting challenges from an industrial perspective. We take a deep dive into the research methodologies, strategies, challenges, and advancements in the development of applications for eCO2RR. Specifically, three eCO2RR products – CO, HCOOH, and C2H4 – as promising candidates for implementation are elaborated based on techno‐economic considerations. Additionally, the review discusses the industrial blueprint for these products, aiming to streamline their path toward commercialization. The intent is to present the status of eCO2RR, offering insights into its potential transformation from a mere laboratory curiosity to a feasible technology for industrial chemical synthesis.
Exploring Benzothieno[3,2‐b]benzothiophene S‐Oxides for Organic Electronics, Fluorescence‐Based Applications, and Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Rzewnicka Aneta , Mikina Maciej , Krysiak Jerzy , Makowski Tomasz , Svyntkivska Mariia , Dolot Rafał , Plażuk Damian , Bujacz Grzegorz , Żurawiński Remigiusz 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA series of benzothieno[3,2‐b]benzothiophene S‐oxides has been efficiently synthesized via one‐ or two‐step selective oxidation of benzothieno[3,2‐b]benzothiophene (BTBT). These BTBT S‐oxides form highly ordered structures that display optical anisotropy, are thermally stable up to temperatures above 210 °C, and do not show phase transitions. They exhibit long excited state lifetimes (0.181–0.869 ms) and are more resistant to oxidative degradation than their parent unoxidized BTBT. Some of these compounds demonstrate high quantum yields, exceeding 98 % in solution and 71 % in the solid state. As evidenced by quantum‐chemical calculations, BTBT‐based sulfoxides have sufficiently high pyramidal inversion energy barriers that prevent their stereomutation at room temperature. Additionally, fully S‐oxidized BTBT meets the energy‐splitting criterion required for the singlet fission process, with the T1 energy level that makes it suitable for device application.