bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The complex genomic basis of rapid convergent adaptation to pesticides across continents in a fungal plant pathogen
Authors: Hartmann Fanny E. , Vonlanthen Tiziana , Singh Nikhil Kumar , McDonald Megan C. , Milgate Andrew , Croll Daniel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConvergent evolution leads to identical phenotypic traits in different species or populations. Convergence can be driven by standing variation allowing selection to favour identical alleles in parallel or the same mutations can arise independently. However, the molecular basis of such convergent adaptation remains often poorly resolved. Pesticide resistance in agricultural ecosystems is a hallmark of convergence in phenotypic traits. Here, we analyse the major fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici causing serious losses on wheat and with fungicide resistance emergence across several continents. We sampled three population pairs each from a different continent spanning periods early and late in the application of fungicides. To identify causal loci for resistance, we combined knowledge from molecular genetics work and performed genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) on a global set of isolates. We discovered yet unknown factors in azole resistance including a gene encoding membrane associated functions. We found strong support for the “hotspot” model of resistance evolution with convergent changes in a small set of loci but additional loci showed more population‐specific allele frequency changes. Genome‐wide scans of selection showed that half of all known resistance loci were overlapping a selective sweep region. Hence, the application of fungicides was one of the major selective agents acting on the pathogen over the past decades. Furthermore, loci identified through GWAS showed the highest overlap with selective sweep regions underlining the importance to map phenotypic trait variation in evolving populations. Our population genomic analyses highlighted that both de novo mutations and gene flow contributed to convergent pesticide adaptation.
Shake it off: The role of optimistic expectations for conflict recovery
Authors: Farnish Krystan A. , Neff Lisa A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs recent work suggests that global, dispositional forms of optimism may be more adaptive for relationship functioning than more focused, relationship‐specific forms of optimism, the current study utilized observational and daily diary data collected from newlywed couples (N = 171) to determine whether global and specific optimistic expectations would differentially predict recovery following marital conflict. We predicted that spouses higher in global optimism would exhibit greater recovery, whereas spouses higher in relationship‐specific optimism would exhibit reduced recovery. A series of multilevel models provided some evidence indicating that individuals higher in global optimism showed increased recovery, but this effect was inconsistent. Moreover, relationship‐specific optimism failed to moderate responses to marital conflict, suggesting that this form of optimism may not always be detrimental.
Evaluation of an Integrated Health Promotion Program for a low‐income urban population: Findings and lessons learned
Authors: Weiss Linda , Quint Elizabeth , Leto Christopher , Vaughn Ivana , Redrovan Alba , Fernandes Marta , Lamourt Kianna , Edgar Colin , Reso Ada 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate a multicomponent pilot program for low‐income individuals with, or at risk for, hypertension, diabetes, and/or overweight.DesignPre‐post evaluation including baseline and follow‐up assessments, satisfaction surveys, program utilization data, and focus groups.SampleThe evaluation included 138 participants. The majority were Latinx (88%), female (82%), born outside the United States (80%), and had not graduated from high school (52%). The most common health conditions were hypertension (59%), overweight or obesity (55%), high cholesterol (53%), and diabetes (34%).MeasurementsEngagement in program activities, health indicators (e.g., blood pressure), and behavior change. Qualitative data focused on perceptions of the program and its impacts.InterventionThe program offered a number of health promotion services, including consultation with a nurse and a community health worker (CHW), health and nutrition talks, subsidized farm shares, cooking classes, exercise classes, and home visits.ResultsThere were improvements in general health, blood pressure, and knowledge and behavior related to disease management and healthy eating.ConclusionsProgram success was attributed to the wide range of complementary program components. The staffing model was also a strength: the CHW/nurse collaboration combined clinical expertise with cultural, language, and community knowledge to create a program that was accessible and empowering.
Rating the seriousness of maternal and child health outcomes linked with pregnancy weight gain
Authors: Bodnar Lisa M. , Khodyakov Dmitry , Parisi Sara M. , Himes Katherine P. , Burke Jessica G. , Hutcheon Jennifer A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrent pregnancy weight gain guidelines were developed based on implicit assumptions of a small group of experts about the relative seriousness of adverse health outcomes. Therefore, they will not necessarily reflect the values of women.ObjectiveTo estimate the seriousness of 11 maternal and child health outcomes that have been consistently associated with pregnancy weight gain by engaging patients and health professionals.MethodsWe collected data using an online panel approach with a modified Delphi structure. We selected a purposeful sample of maternal and child health professionals (n = 84) and women who were pregnant or recently postpartum (patients) (n = 82) in the United States as panellists. We conducted three concurrent panels: professionals only, patients only, and patients and professionals. During a 3‐round online modified Delphi process, participants rated the seriousness of health outcomes (Round 1), reviewed and discussed the initial results (Round 2), and revised their original ratings (Round 3). Panellists assigned seriousness ratings (0, [not serious] to 100 [most serious]) for infant death, stillbirth, preterm birth, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) birth, large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) birth, unplanned caesarean delivery, maternal obesity, childhood obesity, and maternal metabolic syndrome.ResultsEach panel individually came to a consensus on all seriousness ratings. The final median seriousness ratings combined across all panels were highest for infant death (100), stillbirth (95), preterm birth (80), and preeclampsia (80). Obesity in children, metabolic syndrome in women, obesity in women, and gestational diabetes had median seriousness ratings ranging from 55 to 65. The lowest seriousness ratings were for SGA birth, LGA birth, and unplanned caesarean delivery (30‐40).ConclusionProfessionals and women rate some adverse outcomes as being more serious than others. These ratings can be used to establish the range of pregnancy weight gain associated with the lowest risk of a broad range of maternal and child health outcomes.
Ascorbate inactivates the oxygen‐evolving complex in prolonged darkness
Authors: Podmaniczki Anna , Nagy Valéria , Vidal‐Meireles André , Tóth Dávid , Patai Roland , Kovács László , Tóth Szilvia Z. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAscorbate (Asc, vitamin C) is an essential metabolite participating in multiple physiological processes of plants, including environmental stress management and development. In this study, we acquired knowledge on the role of Asc in dark‐induced leaf senescence using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model organism. One of the earliest effects of prolonged darkness is the inactivation of oxygen‐evolving complexes (OEC) as demonstrated here by fast chlorophyll a fluorescence and thermoluminescence measurements. We found that inactivation of OEC due to prolonged darkness was attenuated in the Asc‐deficient vtc2‐4 mutant. On the other hand, the severe photosynthetic phenotype of a psbo1 knockout mutant, lacking the major extrinsic OEC subunit PSBO1, was further aggravated upon a 24‐h dark treatment. The psbr mutant, devoid of the PSBR subunit of OEC, performed only slightly disturbed photosynthetic activity under normal growth conditions, whereas it showed a strongly diminished B thermoluminescence band upon dark treatment. We have also generated a double psbo1 vtc2 mutant, and it showed a slightly milder photosynthetic phenotype than the single psbo1 mutant. Our results, therefore, suggest that Asc leads to the inactivation of OEC in prolonged darkness by over‐reducing the Mn‐complex that is probably enabled by a dark‐induced dissociation of the extrinsic OEC subunits. Our study is an example that Asc may negatively affect certain cellular processes and thus its concentration and localization need to be highly controlled.
Luminescence imaging of leaf damage induced by lipid peroxidation products and its modulation by β‐cyclocitral
Authors: Rac Marek , Shumbe Leonard , Oger Camille , Guy Alexandre , Vigor Claire , Ksas Brigitte , Durand Thierry , Havaux Michel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLipid peroxidation is a primary event associated with oxidative stress in plants. This phenomenon secondarily generates bioactive and/or toxic compounds such as reactive carbonyl species (RCS), phytoprostanes, and phytofurans, as confirmed here in Arabidopsis plants exposed to photo‐oxidative stress conditions. We analyzed the effects of exogenous applications of secondary lipid oxidation products on Arabidopsis plants by luminescence techniques. Oxidative damage to attached leaves was measured by autoluminescence imaging, using a highly sensitive CCD camera, and the activity of the detoxification pathway, dependent on the transcription regulator SCARECROW‐LIKE 14 (SCL14), was monitored with a bioluminescent line expressing the firefly LUCIFERASE (LUC) gene under the control of the ALKENAL REDUCTASE (AER) gene promoter. We identified 4‐hydroxynonenal (HNE), and to a lesser extent 4‐hydroxyhexenal (HHE), as highly reactive compounds that are harmful to leaves and can trigger AER gene expression, contrary to other RCS (pentenal, hexenal) and to isoprostanoids. Although the levels of HNE and other RCS were enhanced in the SCL14‐deficient mutant (scl14), exogenously applied HNE was similarly damaging to this mutant, its wild‐type parent and a SCL14‐overexpressing transgenic line (OE:SCL14). However, strongly boosting the SCL14 detoxification pathway and AER expression by a pre‐treatment of OE:SCL14 with the signaling apocarotenoid β‐cyclocitral canceled the damaging effects of HNE. Conversely, in the scl14 mutant, the effects of β‐cyclocitral and HNE were additive, leading to enhanced leaf damage. These results indicate that the cellular detoxification pathway induced by the low‐toxicity β‐cyclocitral targets highly toxic compounds produced during lipid peroxidation, reminiscent of a safener‐type mode of action.
Bayesian Varying Coefficient Model with Selection: An Application to Functional Mapping
Authors: Heuclin Benjamin , Mortier Frédéric , Trottier Catherine , Denis Marie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHow does the genetic architecture of quantitative traits evolve over time? Answering this question is crucial for many applied fields such as human genetics and plant or animal breeding. In the last decades, high-throughput genome techniques have been used to better understand links between genetic information and quantitative traits. Recently, high-throughput phenotyping methods are also being used to provide huge information at a phenotypic scale. In particular, these methods allow traits to be measured over time, and this, for a large number of individuals. Combining both information might provide evidence on how genetic architecture evolves over time. However, such data raise new statistical challenges related to, among others, high dimensionality, time dependencies, time varying effects. In this work, we propose a Bayesian varying coefficient model allowing, in a single step, the identification of genetic markers involved in the variability of phenotypic traits and the estimation of their dynamic effects. We evaluate the use of spike-and-slab priors for the variable selection with either P-spline interpolation or non-functional techniques to model the dynamic effects. Numerical results are shown on simulations and on a functional mapping study performed on an Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh) data which motivated these developments.
Volunteer reputation determination in crowdsourcing projects using latent class analysis
Authors: Moreri Kealeboga 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe production of information in crowdsourcing projects from multiple, often unorganized, individuals makes it a challenge to assess the value of volunteers' contributions. Moreover, measures of how the reliability and credibility of this information can be established, based on a contributor’s reputation, remain a challenge. Statistical methods can be used to develop quantitative indicators that model the relationship between volunteers and their contributions. For example, the reputation of volunteers can be determined based on the extent to which their multiple contributions are regarded as reliable by their peers, using a robust latent class analysis (LCA) methodology. This study presents an innovative LCA approach as a suitable technique for establishing the credibility of volunteers in a crowdsourcing initiative. This methodology was successfully applied in a case study in Botswana, which demonstrated its practicality and effectiveness in determining the credibility of volunteers, supplying information for a land administration project in the country.
An efficient Oligo‐FISH painting system for revealing chromosome rearrangements and polyploidization in Triticeae
Authors: Li Guangrong , Zhang Tao , Yu Zhihui , Wang Hongjin , Yang Ennian , Yang Zujun 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYA chromosome‐specific painting technique has been developed which combines the most recent approaches of the companion disciplines of molecular cytogenetics and genome research. We developed seven oligonucleotide (oligo) pools derivd from single‐copy sequences on chromosomes 1 to 7 of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and corresponding collinear regions of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The seven groups of pooled oligos comprised between 10 986 and 12 496 45‐bp monomers, and these then produced stable fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) signals on chromosomes of each linkage group of wheat and barley. The pooled oligo probes were applied to high‐throughput karyotyping of the chromosomes of other Triticeae species in the genera Secale, Aegilops, Thinopyrum, and Dasypyrum, and the study also extended to some wheat‐alien amphiploids and derived lines. We demonstrated that a complete set of whole‐chromosome oligo painting probes facilitated the study of inter‐species chromosome homologous relationships and visualized non‐homologous chromosomal rearrangements in Triticeae species and some wheat‐alien species derivatives. When combined with other non‐denaturing FISH procedures using tandem‐repeat oligos, the newly developed oligo painting techniques provide an efficient tool for the study of chromosome structure, organization, and evolution among any wild Triticeae species with non‐sequenced genomes.
The apple gene responsible for columnar tree shape reduces the abundance of biologically active gibberellin
Authors: Watanabe Daichi , Takahashi Ikuo , Jaroensanti‐Tanaka Naiyanate , Miyazaki Sho , Jiang Kai , Nakayasu Masaru , Wada Masato , Asami Tadao , Mizutani Masaharu , Okada Kazuma , Nakajima Masatoshi 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYEctopic expression of the apple 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase (DOX, 2ODD) gene, designated MdDOX‐Co, is thought to cause the columnar shape of apple trees. However, the mechanism underlying the formation of such a unique tree shape remains unclear. To solve this problem, we demonstrated that Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing MdDOX‐Co contained reduced levels of biologically active gibberellin (GA) compared with wild type. In summary: (i) with biochemical approaches, the gene product MdDOX‐Co was shown to metabolize active GA A4 (GA4) to GA58 (12‐OH‐GA4) in vitro. MdDOX‐Co also metabolized its precursors GA12 and GA9 to GA111 (12‐OH‐GA12) and GA70 (12‐OH‐GA9), respectively; (ii) Of the three 12‐OH‐GAs, GA58 was still active physiologically, but not GA70 or GA111; (iii) Arabidopsis MdDOX‐Co OE transformants converted exogenously applied deuterium‐labeled (d2)‐GA12 to d2‐GA111 but not to d2‐GA58, whereas transformants converted applied d2‐GA9 to d2‐GA58; (iv) GA111 is converted poorly to GA70 by GA 20‐oxidases in vitro when GA12 is efficiently metabolized to GA9; (v) no GA58 was detected endogenously in MdDOX‐Co OE transformants. Overall, we conclude that 12‐hydroxylation of GA12 by MdDOX‐Co prevents the biosynthesis of biologically active GAs in planta, resulting in columnar phenotypes.
The Arabidopsis AGC kinases NDR2/4/5 interact with MOB1A/1B and play important roles in pollen development and germination
Authors: Zhou Peng‐Min , Liang Yan , Mei Juan , Liao Hong‐Ze , Wang Pu , Hu Ke , Chen Li‐Qun , Zhang Xue‐Qin , Ye De 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYPollen formation and pollen tube growth are essential for the delivery of male gametes into the female embryo sac for double fertilization. Little is known about the mechanisms that regulate the late developmental process of pollen formation and pollen germination. In this study, we characterized a group of Arabidopsis AGC kinase proteins, NDR2/4/5, involved in pollen development and pollen germination. The NDR2/4/5 genes are mainly expressed in pollen grains at the late developmental stages and in pollen tubes. They function redundantly in pollen formation and pollen germination. At the tricellular stages, the ndr2 ndr4 ndr5 mutant pollen grains exhibit an abnormal accumulation of callose, precocious germination and burst in anthers, leading to a drastic reduction in fertilization and a reduced seed set. NDR2/4/5 proteins can interact with another group of proteins (MOB1A/1B) homologous to the MOB proteins from the Hippo signaling pathway in yeast and animals. The Arabidopsis mob1a mob1b mutant pollen grains also have a phenotype similar to that of ndr2 ndr4 ndr5 pollen grains. These results provide new evidence demonstrating that the Hippo signaling components are conserved in plants and play important roles in sexual plant reproduction.
The AGCVIII kinase Dw2 modulates cell proliferation, endomembrane trafficking, and MLG/xylan cell wall localization in elongating stem internodes of Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Oliver Joel , Fan Mingzhu , McKinley Brian , Zemelis‐Durfee Starla , Brandizzi Federica , Wilkerson Curtis , Mullet John E. 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYStems of bioenergy sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.), a drought‐tolerant C4 grass, contain up to 50 nodes and internodes of varying length that span 4–5 m and account for approximately 84% of harvested biomass. Stem internode growth impacts plant height and biomass accumulation and is regulated by brassinosteroid signaling, auxin transport, and gibberellin biosynthesis. In addition, an AGCVIII kinase (Dw2) regulates sorghum stem internode growth, but the underlying mechanism and signaling network are unknown. Here we provide evidence that mutation of Dw2 reduces cell proliferation in internode intercalary meristems, inhibits endocytosis, and alters the distribution of heteroxylan and mixed linkage glucan in cell walls. Phosphoproteomic analysis showed that Dw2 signaling influences the phosphorylation of proteins involved in lipid signaling (PLDδ), endomembrane trafficking, hormone, light, and receptor signaling, and photosynthesis. Together, our results show that Dw2 modulates endomembrane function and cell division during sorghum internode growth, providing insight into the regulation of monocot stem development.
Prevalence and potentially prognostic value of C‐circles associated with alternative lengthening of telomeres in canine appendicular osteosarcoma
Authors: Bicanova Ludmila , Kreilmeier‐Berger Theresa , Reifinger Martin , Holzmann Klaus , Kleiter Miriam 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) is a telomerase‐independent telomere maintenance mechanism (TMM) with high prevalence in human osteosarcomas but remains unknown in canine osteosarcomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of ALT by detection of extra‐chromosomal circles of telomeric DNA and to assess clinical outcome in canine patients with spontaneous occurring appendicular osteosarcoma. Fifty dogs with histopathological confirmed osteosarcomas were included into this study. Medical records were retrospectively analysed for patient characteristics, oncologic therapy and survival. DNA was isolated from archived FFPE tumour tissue specimens and applied for C‐ and G‐circle assay (CCA and GCA) and for telomeric content (TC) measurement with radiolabeled probes. ALT activity was detected for 10 of 50 (20%) cases by CCA. Four CCA positive cases were detected even with input DNA below 1 ng and demonstrated the high sensitivity of CCA for canine tumours. G‐circles and TC were not suitable to distinguish CCA positive and negative cases. CCA‐status showed an association with male gender and Rottweiler breed. Dogs with CCA positive osteosarcomas had shorter overall survival times than patients with CCA‐tumours and CCA‐status was a significant prognostic factor besides treatment in the Cox proportional hazard model. These findings make canine osteosarcomas an interesting model for comparative TMM research, but future studies are warranted to investigate if CCA‐status can serve as novel prognostic marker.
How does oxygen diffuse from capillaries to tissue mitochondria? Barriers and pathways
Authors: Pias Sally C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTimely delivery of oxygen (O2) to tissue mitochondria is so essential that elaborate circulatory systems have evolved to minimize diffusion distances within tissue. Yet, knowledge is surprisingly limited regarding the diffusion pathway between blood capillaries and tissue mitochondria. An established and growing body of work examines the influence cellular and extracellular structures may have on subcellular oxygen availability. This brief review discusses the physiological and pathophysiological significance of oxygen availability, highlights recent computer modelling studies of transport at the cell‐membrane level, and considers alternative diffusion pathways within tissue. Experimental and computer modelling studies suggest that oxygen diffusion may be accelerated by cellular lipids, relative to cytosolic and interstitial fluids. Such acceleration, or ‘channelling’, would occur due to greatly enhanced oxygen solubility in lipids, especially near the midplane of lipid bilayers. Rapid long‐range movement would be promoted by anisotropically enhanced lateral diffusion of oxygen along the midplane and by junctions holding lipid structures in close proximity to one another throughout the tissue. Clarifying the biophysical mechanism of oxygen transport within tissue will shed light on limitations and opportunities in tumour radiotherapy and tissue engineering.
image