bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting the IRAK1–S100A9 Axis Overcomes Resistance to Paclitaxel in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Lizhen , Liu Sailan , Deng Peng , Liang Yujing , Xiao Rong , Tang Lin-Quan , Chen Jinghong , Chen Qiu-Yan , Guan Peiyong , Yan Shu-Mei , Huang Xiangliang , Hong Jing Han , Chen Jianfeng , Sun Yichen , Teh Bin Tean , Yu Qiang , Mai Hai-Qiang , Tan Jing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNovel strategies to treat late-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma that often develop resistance to chemotherapy remains an unmet clinical demand. In this study, we identify the multi-kinase inhibitor pacritinib as capable of resensitizing the response to paclitaxel in an acquired resistance model. Transcriptome analysis of paclitaxel-sensitive and -resistant cell lines, as well as chemorefractory clinical samples, identified S100A9 as the top candidate gene suppressed by pacritinib and whose overexpression was significantly associated with paclitaxel resistance and poor clinical outcome. Moreover, both paclitaxel-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and relapsed/metastatic clinical samples exhibited increased IRAK1 phosphorylation and demonstrated that pacritinib could abolish the IRAK1 phosphorylation to suppress S100A9 expression. Functional studies in both in vitro and in vivo models showed that genetic or pharmacologic blockade of IRAK1 overcame the resistance to paclitaxel, and combined treatment of pacritinib with paclitaxel exhibited superior antitumor effect. Together, these findings demonstrate an important role for the IRAK1–S100A9 axis in mediating resistance to paclitaxel. Furthermore, targeting of IRAK1 by pacritinib may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to overcome chemoresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Significance:Deregulation of the IRAK1–S100A9 axis correlates with poor prognosis, contributes to chemoresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and can be targeted by pacritinib to overcome chemoresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Trends, Management, and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction Hospitalizations With In‐Hospital‐Onset Versus Out‐of‐Hospital Onset: The ARIC Study
Authors: Caughey Melissa C. , Arora Sameer , Qamar Arman , Chunawala Zainali , Gupta Mohit D. , Gupta Puneet , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Pandey Ambarish , Dai Xuming , Smith Sidney C. , Matsushita Kunihiro 
Published: January 2021

Background
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with in‐hospital onset (AMI‐IHO) has poor prognosis but is clinically underappreciated. Whether its occurrence has changed over time is uncertain.

Methods and Results

Since 1987, the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study has conducted adjudicated surveillance of AMI hospitalizations in 4 US communities. Our analysis was limited to patients aged 35 to 74 years with symptomatic AMI. Patients with symptoms initiating after hospital arrival were considered AMI‐IHO. A total of 26 678 weighted hospitalizations (14 276 unweighted hospitalizations) for symptomatic AMI were identified from 1995 to 2014, with 1137 (4%) classified as in‐hospital onset. The population incidence rate of AMI‐IHO increased in the 4 ARIC communities from 1995 through 2004 to 2005 through 2014 (12.7—16.9 events per 100 000 people;
P
for 20‐year trend <0.0001), as did the proportion of AMI hospitalizations with in‐hospital onset (3.7%–6.1%;
P
for 20‐year trend =0.03). The 10‐year proportions were stable for patients aged 35 to 64 years (3.0%–3.4%;
P
for 20‐year trend =0.3) but increased for patients aged ≥65 years (4.6%–7.8%;
P
for 20‐year trend =0.008;
P
for interaction by age group =0.04). AMI‐IHO had a more severe clinical course with lower use of AMI therapies or invasive strategies and higher in‐hospital (7% versus 3%), 28‐day (19% versus 5%), and 1‐year (29% versus 12%) mortality (
P<
0.0001 for all).

Conclusions
In this population‐based community surveillance, AMI‐IHO increased from 2005 to 2014, particularly among older patients. Quality initiatives to improve recognition and management of AMI‐IHO should be especially focused on hospitalized patients aged >65.
Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension in Corrected Valvular Heart Disease: Hemodynamic Insights and Long‐Term Survival
Authors: Bermejo Javier , González‐Mansilla Ana , Mombiela Teresa , Fernández Ana I. , Martínez‐Legazpi Pablo , Yotti Raquel , García‐Orta Rocío , Sánchez‐Fernández Pedro L. , Castaño Mario , Segovia‐Cubero Javier , Escribano‐Subias Pilar , Alberto San Román J. , Borrás Xavier , Alonso‐Gómez Angel , Botas Javier , Crespo‐Leiro María G. , Velasco Sonia , Bayés‐Genís Antoni , López Amador , Muñoz‐Aguilera Roberto , Jiménez‐Navarro Manuel , González‐Juanatey José R. , Evangelista Arturo , Elízaga Jaime , Martín‐Moreiras Javier , González‐Santos José M. , Moreno‐Escobar Eduardo , Fernández‐Avilés Francisco ,   the SIOVAC (“Sildenafil for Improving Outcomes after VAlvular Correction”) Investigators
Published: January 2021

Background
The determinants and consequences of pulmonary hypertension after successfully corrected valvular heart disease remain poorly understood. We aim to clarify the hemodynamic bases and risk factors for mortality in patients with this condition.

Methods and Results
We analyzed long‐term follow‐up data of 222 patients with pulmonary hypertension and valvular heart disease successfully corrected at least 1 year before enrollment who had undergone comprehensive hemodynamic and imaging characterization as per the SIOVAC (Sildenafil for Improving Outcomes After Valvular Correction) clinical trial. Median (interquartile range) mean pulmonary pressure was 37 mm Hg (32–44 mm Hg) and pulmonary artery wedge pressure was 23 mm Hg (18–26 mm Hg). Most patients were classified either as having combined precapillary and postcapillary or isolated postcapillary pulmonary hypertension. After a median follow‐up of 4.5 years, 91 deaths accounted for 4.21 higher‐than‐expected mortality in the age‐matched population. Risk factors for mortality were male sex, older age, diabetes mellitus, World Health Organization functional class III and higher pulmonary vascular resistance—either measured by catheterization or approximated from ultrasound data. Higher pulmonary vascular resistance was related to diabetes mellitus and smaller residual aortic and mitral valve areas. In turn, the latter correlated with prosthetic nominal size. Six‐month changes in the composite clinical score and in the 6‐minute walk test distance were related to survival.

Conclusions
Persistent valvular heart disease–pulmonary hypertension is an ominous disease that is almost universally associated with elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure. Pulmonary vascular resistance is a major determinant of mortality in this condition and is related to diabetes mellitus and the residual effective area of the corrected valve. These findings have important implications for individualizing valve correction procedures.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00862043.
We “Other Victorians”? Novelistic Remains, Therapeutic Devices, Contemporary Televisual Dramas
Authors: Chow Rey , Sarfan Austin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In reference to the work of Michel Foucault and to residual Victorian novelistic features, this essay explores the biopolitical dimension of contemporary televisual dramas, focusing on the popular crime genre as seen in The Sopranos (1999–2007), Breaking Bad (2008–2013), and The Fall (2013–2016). Emphasizing the confessional context of criminality and policing, we demonstrate how such shows rely on the conventions of modern psychological discourse in depicting criminals, thus foregrounding what Eva Illouz in Saving the Modern Soul (2008) has called the “therapeutic emotional style.” By updating aspects of D. A. Miller's conception of the policing plot in The Novel and the Police (1988), we argue that confession in contemporary televisual dramas exemplifies a cultural transition from power as force to power as communication. The ascendance of communicative power pathologizes aspects of masculinity and introduces a new dramatic/narrative device: the therapeutic couplet.
Raising the Bar
Authors: Roth Dieter T. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recent discussions of the “meta-data” of NT manuscripts have included consideration of the so-called “staurogram” found in some forms of the nomen sacrum for σταυρόω or σταυρός. In several early NT papyri, this tau/rho monogram is clearly visible; however, in certain passages (e.g., in 𝔓⁴⁵, 𝔓⁶⁶, and 𝔓¹²¹), its presence is either not entirely certain or debated. In such instances, the discussion must necessarily appeal to other elements in or features of the manuscript in order to posit the presence or the absence of a staurogram. This brief study considers a heretofore overlooked paleographical feature as evidence for identifying the presence of unclear or disputed instances of a staurogram in nomina sacra, namely the elevated manner in which the attendant supralinear stroke is written.
Impotence and the Natural Explanation of Bewitchment: Wolfgang Reichart’s Medical Case Report on the Loss of “potentia coeundi”
Authors: Rubeis Giovanni , Ursin Frank , Steger Florian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Wolfgang Reichart (1486-c. 1547) was a humanist and a town physician of Ulm. His work consists of a largely unpublished collection of nearly 600 texts. So far, it has been claimed that this compilation only consists of letters and poems. However, we have found a medical treatise, wherein Reichart discusses a case of impotence, its pathophysiology and therapy. One of the crucial aspects in this text is the relationship it describes between witchcraft and medicine. The patient claims that his condition is the result of bewitchment. Reichart accepts witchcraft as a possible aetiological explanation, but claims that since the processes triggered by witchcraft are still natural, the patient can be cured by natural means. Thus, Reichart’s approach is an important contribution to the history of medicine and to the history of science of the early modern period. We provide the first edition, translation, and commentary of the text.
Sur la question des langues dans l’Islam oriental
Authors: Bernardini Michele 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the theme of the coexistence of different languages in the pre-modern Islamic world. Starting from an analysis of the concept of “Islamic language” as it was singled out by Alessandro Bausani, it traces the evolution of scholarship concerning language as a historiographical subject. With the help of samples from their literary production, some authors will be examined here, moving from the anthropological dualism of Firdawsī to reach the Ottoman era, when plurilingualism proved to be most successful, both in the domain of politics and in the culture. In this sense, the twentieth-century emergence of nationalisms produced a rupture which implied radical changes, and even the loss of a whole intellectual heritage.
The Emergence of Classical Arabic: The Case of Mā al-Ḥijāziyya in the Qurʾān
Authors: al-Sharkawi Muhammad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this article I will trace the position of mā al-ḥijāziyya as a variant of Classical Arabic. I will discuss the phenomenon in the Qurʾān. I will show that the rarity of its presence in the Holy Book correlates positively with its lack of use in other modes of expression. Section three will introduce the historical digression of the variant in the books of Arabic grammar up to the 4th/10th century and consequently its status as luġa.
Novograblenovite from Radlin, Upper Silesia, Poland and its relation to ‘redikortsevite’
Authors: Parafiniuk Jan , Stachowicz Marcin , Woźniak Krzysztof 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe paper presents detailed mineralogical and structural characteristics of novograblenovite that occurs abundantly on a burning coal dump at Radlin, Upper Silesia, Poland. Our results indicate that NH4MgCl3⋅6H2O is the proper formula of this mineral. The thermal behaviour of novograblenovite shows a two-step dehydration at 155 and 193°C and sublimation of NH4Cl at 341°C. A Raman spectrum, obtained for the first time, reveals the normal modes of H2O and NH4+ vibrations. The crystal structure of novograblenovite was refined on the basis of high quality X-ray diffraction data. The final discrepancy factor wR2 was 0.0567 for 94 parameters and 1464 independent reflections. The structure has a monoclinic C2/c space group symmetry with the following unit cell parameters: a = 9.2709(3) Å, b = 9.5361(2) Å, c = 13.2741(4) Å and β = 90.054(3)°. We were able to specify the architecture of the disordered NH4+ cation located at the symmetry centre. This led to reasonable parameters for the H-bonding formed by this cation. In carnallite the K+ cations occupy an identical space to the ammonium ion in novograblenovite, but when embedded into the latter crystal structure it is bound less tightly. Voids occupy 14% of the space in the novograblenovite crystal structure. Novograblenovite is exactly the same phase as the ‘redikortsevite’ described previously from Chelabinsk coal dumps and this informally introduced name should be abandoned.
Read my lips! Perception of speech in noise by preschool children with autism and the impact of watching the speaker’s face
Authors: Newman Rochelle S. , Kirby Laura A. , Von Holzen Katie , Redcay Elizabeth 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Adults and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders show greater difficulties comprehending speech in the presence of noise. Moreover, while neurotypical adults use visual cues on the mouth to help them understand speech in background noise, differences in attention to human faces in autism may affect use of these visual cues. No work has yet examined these skills in toddlers with ASD, despite the fact that they are frequently faced with noisy, multitalker environments.

Methods
Children aged 2-5 years, both with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD), saw pairs of images in a preferential looking study and were instructed to look at one of the two objects. Sentences were presented in the presence of quiet or another background talker (noise). On half of the trials, the face of the target person speaking was presented, while half had no face present. Growth-curve modeling was used to examine the time course of children’s looking to the appropriate vs. opposite image.

Results
Noise impaired performance for both children with ASD and their age- and language-matched peers. When there was no face present on the screen, the effect of noise was generally similar across groups with and without ASD. But when the face was present, the noise had a more detrimental effect on children with ASD than their language-matched peers, suggesting neurotypical children were better able to use visual cues on the speaker’s face to aid performance. Moreover, those children with ASD who attended more to the speaker’s face showed better listening performance in the presence of noise.

Conclusions
Young children both with and without ASD show poorer performance comprehending speech in the presence of another talker than in quiet. However, results suggest that neurotypical children may be better able to make use of face cues to partially counteract the effects of noise. Children with ASD varied in their use of face cues, but those children who spent more time attending to the face of the target speaker appeared less disadvantaged by the presence of background noise, indicating a potential path for future interventions.
D-mannose ameliorates autoimmune phenotypes in mouse models of lupus
Authors: Wang Haiting , Teng Xiangyu , Abboud Georges , Li Wei , Ye Shuang , Morel Laurence 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease characterized by an overproduction of autoantibodies resulting from dysregulation in multiple immune cell types. D-mannose is a C− 2 epimer of glucose that exhibits immunoregulatory effects in models of autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, induced rheumatoid arthritis, and airway inflammation. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of D-mannose treatment in mouse models of lupus.

Results
Firstly, the effect of D-Mannose was evaluated by flow cytometry on the in vitro activation of non-autoimmune C57BL/6 (B6) bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and their ability to induce antigen-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation and activation. D-mannose inhibited the maturation of BMDCs and their induction of antigen-specific T cell proliferation and activation. In vivo, D-mannose increased the frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in unmanipulated B6 mice. To assess the effect of D-mannose in mouse models of lupus, we used the graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) induced model and the B6.lpr spontaneous model. In the cGVHD model, D-mannose treatment decreased autoantibody production, with a concomitant reduction of the frequency of effector memory and follicular helper T cells as well as germinal center B cells and plasma cells. These results were partially validated in the B6.lpr model of spontaneous lupus.

Conclusion
Overall, our results suggest that D-mannose ameliorates autoimmune activation in models of lupus, at least partially due to its expansion of Treg cells, the induction of immature conventional dendritic cells and the downregulation of effector T cells activation. D-Mannose showed however a weaker immunomodulatory effect in lupus than in other autoimmune diseases.
Skin cancers in people with albinism in Togo in 2019: results of two rounds of national mobile skin care clinics
Authors: Saka Bayaki , Akakpo Sefako Abla , Teclessou Julienne Noude , Gnossike Piham , Adam Saliou , Mahamadou Garba , Kassang Panawé , Elegbede Yvette , Mouhari-Toure Abas , Darre Tchin , Kombate Koussake , Pitché Palokinam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
In people with albinism (PWA), the deficiency of melanin increase the risk of skin cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of skin cancers and characteristics of these detected skin cancers (histological types, localization) in PWA in 10 cities in Togo in 2019.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study of medical records of PWA systematically examined during two mobile skin care clinics in 2019, as part of a programme for the prevention and management of skin cancers in these subjects.

Results
During the study period, 280 (95.2%) of the 294 PWA consulted, had developed skin lesions. Of the 280 PWA, the pathological reports from the medical records of 33 patients (11.8%; (95%CI = [8.2–16.2]) had concluded to non-melanoma skin cancers. The mean age of these 33 patients was 38.6 ± 15.2 years and the sex-ratio was 1. Their occupations were mainly resellers (21.2%), traders (15.2%) and farmers (12.2%). In the 33 patients, 54 cases of non-melanoma skin cancers were identified, with some patients having more than one tumor, and some of them having more than one (histologically confirmed) diagnosis. These 54 non-melanoma skin cancers were divided into 21 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinomas, 2 cases of Bowen’s disease and 31 cases of basal cell carcinomas. These non-melanoma skin cancers mainly occurred in the head and neck (33 cases; 61.1%), the upper limbs (15 cases; 27, 8%) and the trunk (4 cases; 7.4%).

Conclusion
The results of this study show a high prevalence of skin cancers among PWAs in Togo in 2019, only non-melanoma skin cancers. In addition, they illustrate the role of ultraviolet rays with regard to the localization of skin cancers and the occupations of patients. Popularization and compliance with photo protection measures, systematic and regular examination of the skin of these PWAs will allow early detection and treatment of these skin cancers.
MEK inhibitors for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Han Jing , Liu Yang , Yang Sen , Wu Xuan , Li Hongle , Wang Qiming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBRAF and KRAS are two key oncogenes in the RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK signaling pathway. Concomitant mutations in both KRAS and BRAF genes have been identified in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). They lead to the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of tumor cells by activating the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. To date, agents that target RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway have been investigated in NSCLC patients harboring BRAF mutations. BRAF and MEK inhibitors have gained approval for the treatment of patients with NSCLC. According to the reported findings, the combination of MEK inhibitors with chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors or BRAF inhibitors is highly significant for improving clinical efficacy and causing delay in the occurrence of drug resistance. This review summarized the existing experimental results and presented ongoing clinical studies as well. However, further researches need to be conducted to indicate how we can combine other drugs with MEK inhibitors to significantly increase therapeutic effects on patients with lung cancer.
In silico analysis of cross reactivity among phospholipases from Hymenoptera species
Authors: Emiliani Yuliana , Sánchez Andrés , Munera Marlon , Sánchez Jorge , Aparicio Dilia 
Published: January 2021

Background: Phospholipases are enzymes with the capacity to hydrolyze membrane lipids and have been characterized in several allergenic sources, such as hymenoptera species. However, cross-reactivity among phospholipases allergens are little understood. The objective of this study was to determine potential antigenic regions involved in cross-reactivity among allergens of phospholipases using an in silico approach. Methods: In total, 18 amino acids sequences belonging to phospholipase family derived from species of the order hymenoptera were retrieved from the UniProt database to perform phylogenetic analysis to determine the closest molecular relationship. Multialignment was done to identify conserved regions and matched with antigenic regions predicted by ElliPro server. 3D models were obtained from modeling by homology and were used to locate cross-reactive antigenic regions. Results: Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 18 phospholipases split into four monophyletic clades (named here as A, B, C and D). Phospholipases from A clade shared an amino acid sequences’ identity of 79%. Antigenic patches predicted by Ellipro were located in highly conserved regions, suggesting that they could be involved in cross-reactivity in this group (Ves v 1, Ves a 1 and Ves m 1). Conclusions: At this point, we advanced to the characterization of potential antigenic sites involved in cross-reactivity among phospholipases. Inhibition assays are needed to confirm our finding.