bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Action of a Web-Based Intervention With Health Professional Support to Increase Adherence to Nebulizer Treatments in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis: Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Drabble Sarah J , O'Cathain Alicia , Scott Alexander J , Arden Madelynne A , Keating Samuel , Hutchings Marlene , Maguire Chin , Wildman Martin 
Published: July 2020

Background
Adherence to nebulizer treatments in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) is often low. A new complex intervention to help adults with CF increase their adherence to nebulizer treatments was tested in a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) in 2 UK CF centers. Patients used a nebulizer with electronic monitoring capabilities that transferred data automatically to a digital platform (CFHealthHub) to monitor adherence over time and to a tailored website to display graphs of adherence data and educational and problem-solving information about adherence. A trained interventionist helped patients identify ways to increase their adherence.

Objective
This study aims to explore the mechanisms of action underpinning the intervention.

Methods
A qualitative interview study was conducted concurrently with a pilot RCT. In total, 25 semistructured interviews were conducted with 3 interventionists at 2 time points, 14 patients in the intervention arm of the trial, and 5 members of the multidisciplinary teams offering wider care to patients. A framework approach was used for the analysis.

Results
The intervention was informed by a theoretical framework of behavior change. There was evidence of the expected behavior change mechanisms of action. There was also evidence of additional mechanisms of action associated with effective telehealth interventions for self-management support: relationships, visibility, and fit. Patients described how building a relationship with the interventionist through face-to-face visits with someone who cared about them and their progress helped them to consider ways of increasing adherence to medication. Rather than seeing the visibility of adherence data to clinicians as problematic, patients found this motivating, particularly if they received praise about progress made. The intervention was tailored to individuals, but there were challenges in how the intervention fitted into some patients’ busy lives when delivered through a desktop computer.

Conclusions
The mechanisms of action associated with effective telehealth interventions for self-management operated within this new intervention. The intervention was modified to strengthen mechanisms of action based on these findings, for example, delivery through an app accessed via mobile phones and then tested in an RCT in 19 UK CF centers.

Trial Registration
International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number 13076797; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN13076797
Use of Mobile Phone App Interventions to Promote Weight Loss: Meta-Analysis
Authors: Islam Md Mohaimenul , Poly Tahmina Nasrin , Walther Bruno Andres , (Jack) Li Yu-Chuan 
Published: July 2020

Background
Obesity and lack of physical activity are major health risk factors for many life-threatening diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. The use of mobile app interventions to promote weight loss and boost physical activity among children and adults is fascinating owing to the demand for cutting-edge and more efficient interventions. Previously published studies have examined different types of technology-based interventions and their impact on weight loss and increase in physical activity, but evidence regarding the impact of only a mobile phone app on weight loss and increase in physical activity is still lacking.

Objective
The main objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a mobile phone app intervention for reducing body weight and increasing physical activity among children and adults.

Methods
PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Web of Science electronic databases were searched for studies published between January 1, 2000, and April 30, 2019, without language restrictions. Two experts independently screened all the titles and abstracts to find the most appropriate studies. To be included, studies had to be either a randomized controlled trial or a case-control study that assessed a mobile phone app intervention with body weight loss and physical activity outcomes. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool was used to examine the risk of publication bias.

Results
A total of 12 studies involving a mobile phone app intervention were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, the use of a mobile phone app was associated with significant changes in body weight (−1.07 kg, 95% CI −1.92 to −0.21, P=.01) and body mass index (−0.45 kg/m2, 95% CI −0.78 to −0.12, P=.008). Moreover, a nonsignificant increase in physical activity was observed (0.17, 95% CI −2.21 to 2.55, P=.88).

Conclusions
The findings of this study demonstrate the promising and emerging efficacy of using mobile phone app interventions for weight loss. Future studies are needed to explore the long-term efficacy of mobile app interventions in larger samples.
Health Goal Attainment of Patients With Chronic Diseases in Web-Based Patient Communities: Content and Survival Analysis
Authors: Song Jiahe , Xu Pei , Paradice David B 
Published: July 2020

Background
Activities directed at attaining health goals are a major part of the daily lives of those fighting chronic diseases. A proliferating population of patients with chronic diseases are participating in web-based patient communities, wherein they can exchange health information and pursue health goals with others virtually.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to understand the effect of participation in social media–enabled web-based patient communities on health goal attainment. In particular, we studied the antecedents of health goal attainment in terms of social support and self-reflection in web-based patient communities.

Methods
This data set consists of web-based health management activities of 392 patients across 13 health support groups, that is, groups with medical issues such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and breast cancer; the data of the activities were collected from a leading web-based patient community. Content analysis was used to code the social interactions among the patients on the web-based platform. Cox regression for survival analysis was used to model the hazard ratio of health goal attainment.

Results
Our analysis indicated that emotional support from web-based patient communities can increase patients’ probability of achieving their goals (hazard ratio 1.957, 95% CI 1.416-2.706; P<.001) while informational support does not appear to be effective (P=.06). In addition, health-related self-reflection increases the patients’ likelihood of goal attainment through web-based patient communities (hazard ratio 1.937, 95% CI 1.318-2.848; P<.001), but leisure-oriented self-reflection reduces this likelihood (hazard ratio 0.588, 95% CI 0.442-0.784; P<.001).

Conclusions
Social media–enabled web-based platforms assist health goal management via both social interaction and personal discipline. This study extends the understanding of web-based patient communities by investigating the effects of both social and cognitive factors on goal attainment. In particular, our study advocates that health goals relating to chronic conditions can be better managed when patients use the facilities of web-based health communities strategically.
DESIGN, FORMULATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF APREMILAST-SACCHARIN COCRYSTALS LOADED WITH TOPICAL GEL
Authors: MANE TEJASWINI , MOHITE MUKESH 
Published: July 2020

Objective: Most of the drugs are relevant to BSC class II and class IV having solubility problems. Cocrystallization of drug with conformer is an immense approach used to explore the physicochemical properties of drug. The objective of the present work was to design formulate and evaluate the drug cocrystals of poorly soluble drug apremilast (APR) with saccharin.
Methods: Cocrystals of APR were prepared using the solvent evaporation technique. The saturated solubility study and in vitro dissolution study of cocrystals were carried out. The prepared cocrystals were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The topical gel of APR cocrystals was formulated optimized and evaluated using three-level factorial design.
Results: The cocrystals of APR were prepared in 1:1 molar ratio with saccharin. APR cocrystals showed the improvement in solubility and dissolution as compared to pure APR. The formation of cocrystals was confirmed from change in endothermic peak of DSC and from shifting of FTIR spectra of cocrystals. Crystallinity of cocrystal was confirmed from XRD pattern and noteworthy change in 2θ values of the intense peak. The topical gel of APR cocrystals was formulated and optimized using three-level factorial design using Carbapol-940 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a gelling agent.
Conclusion: The cocrystals with altered physicochemical properties of APR were prepared with saccharin and formulated as a topical gel to overcome the problems related to oral administration.
CORRELATION BETWEEN POLYMORPHISMS OF FOXP3 T-REGULATORY PROMOTOR GENE WITH TGF-β IN PATIENTS WITH GRAVES’ DISEASE
Authors: ELVIRA DWITYA 
Published: July 2020

Objective: The aim of this study is to prove that there are Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3) T-regulator promoter polymorphisms in Graves’ disease and to analyze the association between FOXP3 T-regulator promoter polymorphisms with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β levels.
Methods: This study was an observational study with cross-sectional comparative study design. Consecutive sampling was conducted in patients with Graves’ disease who came to the outpatient clinic and treated in Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang. Blood sampling was performed on 30 Graves’ subjects and 30 control subjects based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. DNA isolation, primary construction, and polymorphism identification by polymerase chain reaction method and blood sample examination by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques method for TGF-β examination were performed in this study.
Results: The results of this study obtained the most age of patients with Graves’ disease is 30–40 years with the female gender. Graves’ patient group was found to have 86.7% of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs3761548 polymorphism, and 61.3% had SNP rs2232365 polymorphism followed by 26.7% polymorphism of SNP rs3761547 and rs3761549, and no SNP rs2232364 polymorphism was found. In Graves’ group, the mean value of TGF-β was 1030.01±277.64 ng/ml, significantly higher than the control group. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between polymorphism of the FOXP3 promoter gene and TGF-β level with p<0.05.
Conclusion: This study proves that there are polymorphisms of the FOXP3 promoter gene in Graves’ patients, especially SNP rs3761548 and rs2232365. The polymorphism of the FOXP3 promoter gene has a significant association with TGF-β levels.
Surgical treatment of military with multilevel lumbar vertebral spondylolysis
Authors: Khominets V. V. , Nadulich K. A. , Nagorny E. B. , Teremshonok A. V. , Kudyashev A. L. , Averkiev D. V. , Strelba A. A. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose. To demonstrate the effectiveness of an isolated fixation technique of multilevel spondylosis disorders in young patients.Materials and methods. Two military men were operated for multilevel spondylosis of lumbar vertebra (LII, LIV and LIV, LV).Results and discussion. Patients underwent bone autoplasty and osteosynthesis of vertebral arches using hybrid lamina transpedicular system in a screw-rod-hook form. Good anatomic and functional results were got.Conclusion. Avoidance of fixation of intact functional spinal units allows to achieve good treatment results and classify this operation as organ sparing surgery.
Что фактически фиксируется в качестве исторического поселения
Authors: Shevchenko Eleonora 
Published: July 2020

Выявление на территории современного населённого пункта некой чётко локализуемой объёмно-пространствен­ной и планировочной целостности, характеризуемой как историческое поселений, представляет и сегодня серьёзную проблему. Суть проблемы заключается в размытости понятия «историческое поселение», установленного в действующем Федеральном законе «Об объектах культурного наследия (памятниках истории и культуры) народов Российской Феде­рации» от 25.06.2002 № 73-ФЗ. Нечёткость и неконкретность формулировки «предмета охраны» исторического поселения, также усложняет, а в ряде случаев делает невозможной чёт­кую локализацию такого уникального градостроительного исторического объекта, как «Историческое поселение».
В статье рассматривается проблема локализации объ­ёмно-пространственной и планировочной целостности исторического поселения. Представлены результаты анализа законодательно введённого определения «Историческое по­селение» и его некорректность. Доказывается, что основопо­лагающим фактом, подтверждающим наличие исторического поселения на территории современного населённого пункта, следует признать сохранившуюся историческую среду даже в случае отсутствия объектов культурного наследия. Осно­ванием такого утверждения является признание ценнейшим достоянием материализованной в предшествующие периоды времени нематериальной действительности. Именно истори­ческая среда поселения является ярчайшим материальным свидетельством этой нематериальной действительности или творческой деятельности ушедших поколений граждан кон­кретного поселения. Это именно то, что необходимо выявить для того, чтобы установить правила эксплуатации в целях сохранения для будущих поколений.
Деревянное храмостроительство нижнего Поонежья XIX - начала ХХ века
Authors: Bode Andrei , Khodakovsky Evgeny 
Published: July 2020

еревянное церковное зодчество XIX - начала ХХ века представляет собой малоизученную часть российского архи­тектурного наследия, в советское время совершенно забытую. Храмовое строительство исследуется на примере объектов в районе нижнего течения реки Онеги. Исследование основа­но на архивных источниках, выявленных в Государственном архиве Архангельской области, и материалах натурных обсле­дований объектов. В научный оборот вводится значительный объём исторических документов и проектов, раскрывающий специфику процесса подготовки и строительства деревянных храмов в провинции. Анализируются стилистические изменения, происходившие в течение рассматриваемого периода: от эклектики до преобладания русских мотивов. Внимание заостряется на использовании образцовых проектов и их интерпретациях. Образцовые проекты упрощались, что было характерно для всех отдалённых провинций страны. Строи­тельство, производившееся крестьянскими артелями, ещё более отдаляло результат от проекта и вносило в постройку дух народного зодчества.
В работе рассмотрены объекты, характеризующие ос­новные тенденции и особенности деревянного церковного строительства исследуемого периода. Ильинская церковь в селе Большой Бор, построенная почти точно по образцовому проекту, была достроена для удобства и улучшения общего вида. Троицкая церковь в деревне Мондино достаточно смело интерпретирует решения, взятые из образцовых проектов, и вместе с тем наследует формы предшествующих утраченных церквей. В архитектуре Ильинской церкви в деревне Камен­ное явно присутствуют влияния русского стиля. Церковь в деревне Канзапельда являет пример перестройки часовни в церковь, что нередко делалось в целях экономии строи­тельных ресурсов.
В деревянном церковном строительстве XIX века, несмотря на стилистические изменения, отчётливо присутствует пре­емственность с развитием архитектуры предыдущих веков. Соединение нового и традиционного, стилевого и народного составляет специфику деревянной церковной архитектуры на заключительном этапе её развития[1].

[1] Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках на­учного проекта № 20-012-00356 «Архитектура деревянных храмов Онежского Поморья XVII-XIX веков. Типология, эволюция, региональные традиции».
PROPOSE SAFETY ENGINEERING CONCEPT SPEED LIMITER AND FATIGUE CONTROL USING SLIFA FOR TRUCK AND BUS
Authors: Pranoto Hadi , Adriansyah Andi , Feriyanto Dafit , Wahab Abdi , Zakaria Supaat 
Published: July 2020

In 2015, there were 55 deaths from 6,231 accident cases that occurred in Jakarta. A severe problem in Indonesia is the absence of a unique safety device in both commercial transport or personal vehicles and the very high complexity problem of human highways. Consequently, there are many traffic accidents caused by the negligence of the driver, such as driving a vehicle in a drunken, tired, drowsy, or over-limit speed. Therefore, it needs to be innovative using devices to increase speed but able to detect the level of tired or sleepy drivers. This paper tries to propose a concept of improving safety engineering by developing devices that can control the speed and level of safety of trucks and buses, named SLIFA. The proposed device captures the driver's condition by looking at the eyes, size of mouth evaporating, and heart rate conditions. Theses condition will be measured with a particular scale to determine the fatigue level of the driver. Some performance tests have been carried out on truck and bus with 122 Nm and 112 Nm torque wheels and 339 HP and 329 HP power values, respectively, and the minimum speed is 62 km/h. At a top speed of 70 km / h, the torque and power of the truck are 135Nm and 370HP, with average fuel consumption of 3.43 liters/km before SLIFA installation and average fuel consumption of 4.2 liters/km after SLIFA installation. SLIFA can be said to have functional eligibility and can cut fuel consumption by 81 percent.
Auditors' and Specialists' Views About the Use of Specialists During an Audit
Authors: Boritz J. Efrim , Kochetova Natalia V. , Robinson Linda A. , Wong Christopher 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Auditors often rely on the assistance of specialists from such fields as tax, information technology, valuation, and forensic accounting. Integration of the work of specialists with the work of audit team members is a challenge for both groups. This interview-based study of 34 practitioners from six accounting firms, including 12 auditors (partners and managers) and 22 specialists (tax, IT, valuation, forensic) examines auditors' and specialists' views about the current state of specialist use on audits. The regulatory environment creates pressure for financial statement auditors to use specialists on audits; however, financial statement auditors often seek to limit specialist involvement. Both auditors and specialists are dissatisfied with the current situation, but for different reasons. Auditors are concerned about budget overruns, delays, and harm to client relationships by (overly) meticulous specialists. Specialists are concerned about auditors limiting the scope of specialist involvement, and its effect on audit quality.
JEL Classifications: M4; M40; M42.
Clinical Parameters, Fuel Oxidation, and Glucose Kinetics in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin
Authors: Qin Yuejuan , Adams John , Solis-Herrera Carolina , Triplitt Curtis , DeFronzo Ralph , Cersosimo Eugenio 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE
To examine the mechanisms responsible for improved glycemia with combined sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) plus dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor therapy in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Fifty-six patients (HbA1c 8.9 ± 0.2% [74 ± 2 mmol/mol]) were randomized to dapagliflozin (DAPA) 10 mg, DAPA/saxagliptin (SAXA) 10/5 mg, or placebo (PCB) for 16 weeks. Basal endogenous glucose production (EGP) (3-3H-glucose), urinary glucose excretion, glucose/lipid oxidation, HbA1c, and substrate/hormone levels were determined before treatment (Pre-Tx) and after treatment (Post-Tx).

RESULTS
At week 16, HbA1c decrease was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in DAPA/SAXA (−2.0 ± 0.3%) vs. DAPA (−1.4 ± 0.2%) and greater than PCB (0.2 ± 0.2%). Day 1 of drug administration, EGP (∼2.40 mg/kg/min) decreased by −0.44 ± 0.09 mg/kg/min in PCB (P &lt; 0.05) but only by −0.21 ± 0.02 mg/kg/min in DAPA and DAPA/SAXA (P &lt; 0.05 vs. PCB). At week 16, EGP increased to 2.67 ± 0.09 mg/kg/min (DAPA) and 2.61 ± 0.08 mg/kg/min (DAPA/SAXA), despite reductions in fasting plasma glucose by 47 and 77 mg/dL, respectively, and no changes in PCB. Baseline plasma free fatty acids rose by 40 µmol/L with DAPA but declined by −110 with PCB and −90 µmol/L with DAPA/SAXA (P &lt; 0.05, Pre-Tx vs. Post-Tx). In DAPA, carbohydrate oxidation rates decreased from 1.1 ± 0.1 to 0.7 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min, whereas lipid oxidation rates increased from 0.6 ± 0.1 to 0.8 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min (P &lt; 0.01). In DAPA/SAXA, the shift in carbohydrate (1.1 ± 0.1 to 0.9 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min) and lipid (0.6 ± 0.1 to 0.7 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min) oxidation was attenuated (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The addition of SAXA to DAPA resulted in superior glycemic control compared with DAPA monotherapy partly because of increased glucose utilization and oxidation. Although the decrease in insulin/glucagon ratio was prevented by SAXA, EGP paradoxical elevation persisted, indicating that other factors mediate EGP changes in response to SGLT2i-induced glucosuria.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH LAMPU HEMAT ENERGI (LHE) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF LAMPU EMERGENCY DENGAN TEKNIK JOULE THIEF
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi , Riyanto Agus , Pauzi Gurum Ahmad , Surtono Arif 
Published: July 2020

Pengabdian ini merupakan bentuk kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pemafaatan limbah lampu hemat energi (LHE) untuk pembuatan lampu emergency. Pembuatan lampu emergency dilakukan dengan metode JouleThief. Metode ini mampu meningkatkan daya listrik rendah dari sumber baterai 1,5 volt menjadi arus bolak-balik AC yang dapat menyalakan lampu LED. Peserta dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah sekitar 32 orang. Setiap peserta pengabdian dibina tentang proses pemanfaatan limbah lampu LHE yang sudah tidak terpakai agar menjadi barang siap guna dan memiliki nilai jual ekonomis. Komponen yang digunakan dalam pembuatan lampu emergency semuanya diperoleh dari komponen dari bekas lampu LHE. Dengan kegiatan ini diharapkan masyarakat mitra menjadi paham tentang bagaimana memanfaatkan limbah yang sulit terurai menjadi barang siap jual. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa pencapaian TIK sebelum kegiatan pengabdian pembuatan lampu emergency dengan teknik Joule Thief adalah 35,63%. Pencapaian TIK setelah kegiatan pengabdian pembuatan emergency adalah 80,94%. Dari hasil tersebut, terjadi peningkatan untuk masing-masing pencapaian TIK dengan rata-rata sebesar 45,31%.