bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of lead (Pb(CH3COO)2)-reducing bacteria using 16S rRNA Gene
Authors: Ihsan Y N , Nathanael B , Permana R , Mulyani Y , Pribadi T D K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In recent years bacteria have been used as bioremediation agents to repair polluted environments. The purpose of this research is to discover the types and capabilities of bacteria in reducing lead (Pb(CH3COO)2) concentration from sediments in Karangsong Coast, Indramayu. The method used is exploratory, and the results are analyzed descriptively. In the molecular identification method, 16S rRNA Gene, a universal primer for a bacterium, is used. Bacterial sequences obtained from GenBank data are analyzed by NCBI sites. The results of this research show that 11 bacterial isolates from porewater sediments have the highest lead ( Pb(CH3COO)2) reduction capability from a concentration of 1.5 mg l−1 to 0.364 mg l−1 with an efficiency value of 75.7%. Four bacterial isolates with the highest density are identical to Albirhodobacter marinus strain N9 (ACC. No. NR 126203.1) with 98% identity value and 100% genetic relationship, Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis strain NBRC 103034 (ACC. No. NR 114187.1) with 81% identity and 84% genetic relationship, Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica strain LMEB 39 (ACC. No. NR 116629.1) with 98% identity and 96% genetic relationship, Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica strain LMEB 39 (ACC. No. NR 116629.1) 93% identity and 87% genetic relationship.
Pb heavy metal distribution patterns in seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) cultivation locations by season in Bantaeng Waters, South Sulawesi
Authors: Asni A , Najamuddin  
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Heavy metals found in the waters can be absorbed and accumulated in the seaweed thallus. Heavy metals affect plants by changing the position of essential ions in cells. Seaweed is useful in absorbing heavy metals so that the heavy metals contaminating the water can enter the seaweed thallus. This research was conducted at the seaweed cultivation location in the coastal waters of Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi. The method used is a survey and laboratory testing. Each location is determined by 3 substations (short, medium, and long-distance). Water and seaweed sampling at each station are carried out twice a month. Pb heavy metal analysis from water and seaweed samples was carried out in the laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of Hasanuddin University. Distribution pattern of Pb heavy metal content with spatial analysis of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based on a mapping approach. The results showed that the concentration of Pb heavy metals in waters during the rainy season ranged from 0.25 to 0.98 ppm and during the dry season ranged from 0.20 to 1.13 ppm, whereas seaweed in the wet season ranged from 4.64 to 7.00 ppm and in the dry season ranged from 1.20 to 20.87 ppm. Pb heavy metal distribution patterns in waters and seaweed are high in areas close to the coast and low in areas far from the coast. The average concentration of Pb heavy metals in waters and seaweed is higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. The content of Pb heavy metal in water has exceeded the threshold for the designation of fishery water 0.08 ppm (KEP. MENLH N0 51, 2004). The content of Pb heavy metals in seaweed has passed the threshold for food 2.0 ppm.
Effect of seaweed, Kappphycus alvarezii fermentation by various fermenters combinations as thickener on gel strength, attractiveness and palatability of gel diet in Tilapia, Oreohromis niloticus
Authors: Saade E , Solicha A , Fadillah I R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Gel diet is one of the aquaculture diets that use seaweed, K. alvarezii, as a thickener made with cooking with water contents of between 50-70%. One effort to increase the nutritional content of seaweed is fermentation. However, fermentation affects the attractiveness, palatability, and gel strength of aquaculture artificial diet. This study aims to compare various fermenter combinations that are most effective in fermenting seaweed, K. alvarezii meal in terms of attractiveness, palatability, and gel strength. This research was carried out at the Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. Experimental fishes used were tilapia size 7, 15, and 28 g. Various combinations of fermenters as treatment were seaweed meal without fermenter (treatment A), + 1.5g Bacillus sp. (treatment B), + 1.5g Bacillus sp. + 1.5 g of Rhizopus sp. (treatment C), + 1.5 g Bacillus sp. + 1.5g Saccharomyces sp. (treatment D), and + 1.5g Bacillus sp. + 1.5g Aspergillus sp. (treatment E). Fermentation is carried out on an an-aerobic basis. The parameters measured were attractiveness, palatability, and gel strength. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and W-Tukey test. The results of this study indicate that the attractiveness and gel strength of the experimental diet were the same in all treatments (p>0.05), while the highest palatability of the experimental diet was obtained in the experimental fish that consumed D diet, namely seaweed meal fermented with 1.5g Bacillus sp. + 1.5g Saccharomyces sp. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that tilapia, which consumed the gel diet, contained seaweed fermented with 1.5g Bacillus sp. + 1.5g Saccharomyces sp. has the best palatability.
Feasibility and development strategy of milkfish (Chanos chanos) processing at small industries in Pangkep District
Authors: Makmur Astrini , Budimawan  , Salengke  
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The milkfish business has the potential to be developed; therefore, it is not only be sold in fresh condition but also processed into other products with additional value. This study aims to analyze the prospect of developed milkfish processing in Pangkep district. The research was conducted in August 2018 until August 2019 in Bungoro, Labakkang, Pangkajene, Segeri, Mandalle dan Marang districts. The sampling method was taken by purposive sampling. The analysis of economic value was used to estimate the total economic value of the milkfish processing business. The feasibility analysis was used to determine whether the type of milkfish processing business was feasible or not to run. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine the priority strategy for the development of the milkfish processing business. The results show that there are five types of milkfish products developing in Pangkep district, including shredded milkfish, thornless milkfish, presto milkfish, bale kambu, and amplang milkfish. The analytical feasibility is conducted to show that the milkfish processing business in Pangkep district is feasible to be developed; however, the five types of processed products, milkfish shredded are more profitable to run. It shows the NPV, Net B/C, and IRR values, which are higher than other milkfish processed products. The development strategy of the milkfish processing business becomes the priority on the modality and marketing criteria. Improving the quality of human resources and developing distribution channels become a priority strategy in the development of milkfish processing businesses in Pangkep district.
Processing and quality characteristics sea cucumber Bohadschia vitiensis at Kambuno Island in Sembilan Islands, Bone Gulf, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Amir N , Aprianto R , Kasmiati  , Matusalach  , Fahrul  , Syahrul  , Tuwo A , Tresnati J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Sea cucumber is an Echinoderm which has high economic value due to their high nutritional value and medicinal properties. More than 80% of Indonesia’s sea cucumber productions were exported as dried products. Therefore, before being exported, sea cucumbers go through processing, which was almost carried out on a household scale whose processing and quality were very diverse. This study aims to evaluate the processing and quality characteristics of sea cucumber Bohadschia vitiensis at Kambuno Island in Sembilan Islands, Bone Gulf, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sembilan Island is a household scale sea cucumber processing area. This study uses the method of observation, evaluation, and laboratory analyses. B. vitiensis processing method at Kambuno Island uses four stages, namely weeding, salting, boiling, and drying. Quality characteristics observations of B. vitiensis indicated that several parameters did not meet the Indonesian National Standards (INS). The quality parameters that did not meet INS standards were organoleptic and chemical parameters. Organoleptic parameters that less than seven were appearance, odor, and texture. Whereas chemical parameters that did not reach INS were water levels that exceed the maximum limit.
Utilization of a commercial probiotic, effective microorganisms, in diet fermentation for rabbitfish grow-out
Authors: Usman  , Kamaruddin  , Laining Asda 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) is a herbivorous fish that can utilize a plant-based diet better than omnivore and carnivorous fish. However, the quality of the plant-based diet still needs to be improved so that the rabbitfish can grow faster with better feed efficiency. One effort that is thought to be done to improve the quality of diet is fermentation. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the use of effective commercial microorganisms (EM-4) probiotics in the fermented plant-based diet on the growth performance of rabbitfish. The treatments tested were fermentation of ingredient plant-based diet using EM-4 at different doses namely: F10 (10 mL), F20 (20 mL), F30 (30 mL), F40 (40 mL) per kilogram substrate and WF (unfermented diet). The test diets were given to the rabbitfish juvenile that was cultured in floating net cages in the sea. The initial weight of the test fish is around 48 g, maintained in 15 units of 1x1x1.5 m cage; they fed with satiation in the morning, afternoon, and evening for four months. The results showed that the fermented diet with EM-4 at all doses tends to increase in the content of free fatty acid, total n-3, total n-6, arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) compared to these fatty acids contents in the unfermented diet. The specific growth rate, weight gain, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio was not significantly different (P>0.05) between the treatments. Feed intake was significantly different (P<0.05) between treatment, and it was highest in fish fed the unfermented diet compared to fish fed the fermented diet. Fermentation of the test diets with EM-4 has not been able to improve feed utilization and growth of rabbitfish.
Identification of the effect of transglutaminase enzyme on physicochemical properties of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) surimi gel
Authors: Yuliana I , Mahendradatta M , Laga A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Surimi is a myofibril protein that is stabilized from the fish flesh, which is mechanically removed, washed with water and mixed with cryoprotectant. The yield of milkfish surimi is quite high at 58.72%, but the strength value of the gel is still not good, while the important quality attribute of a surimi product is its elastic texture in terms of the strength of the surimi gel. One technique to increase the formation of surimi gel is by adding the transglutaminase enzyme. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of enzyme addition on the physicochemical properties of surimi. The research design consisted of two treatments, namely without enzymes and with the addition of enzymes 0.1 units/g surimi. The research method consisted of two stages, namely preparation of making surimi and surimi gel processing. Observation parameters included gel strength, whiteness, moisture content, and pH. The best research results obtained were the addition of enzymes with physicochemical properties of gel strength (3795 g.cm), whiteness (78.90), moisture content (76.70%), and pH (6.35). The treatment of adding enzymes significantly affected the strength of the gel and the moisture content but did not significantly influenced the whiteness and pH.
Screening and isolation of PHB (Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate) producing bacteria as an alternative material for disease prevention on the shrimp culture
Authors: Susianingsih E , Kadriah I A K , Nurhidayah  
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The shrimp mortality cases in ponds are still dominated by the bacterial diseases caused by Vibrio pathogenic bacteria. Antibiotic application as a disease alternative treatment is not recommended because it can trigger the host immunity and cause residual contamination in the environment. The latest study stated that poly P-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) has bactericidal activity against the pathogenic bacteria and can be a source of C (carbon) atoms that are easily decomposed by the bacterial intestinal flora. This ability is obtained from the short-chained fatty acids (butyric acid) in PHB compounds. This study was aimed to screen and isolate the candidates of PHB-producing bacteria as an alternative to control environmentally friendly disease prevention in shrimp culture. Sampling was performed at the camming sugar factory located in Bone. Samples were taken in the form of kettle ash, molasses, the soil around the factory site, bagasse, and solid sugar factory waste. Samples were serially diluted using a sterile aquadest and grown on the nutrient agar media, then incubated for 48 hours. After 48 hours, the morphological observations were performed for each bacterial colony growing in each analyzed sample. The isolation of PHB-producing bacterial candidates was performed by isolating triplicate colonies and cultured on agar nutrient (NA) media added with 1% glucose, then incubated for 48 hours. The growing bacterial colony was recultured on a spot of NA media through plating divided into 4 equal parts and incubated for 48 hours. Each colony was given an ethanolic 0.02% Sudan Black B solution and stood for 30 minutes, then rinsed with 96% ethanol. The positive results of PHB-producing bacteria were shown in dark blue color absorbed by the bacterial candidate due to the staining performed. The study results showed that 73 isolates of PHB-producing bacterial candidates were obtained from 5 samples analyzed and after stained with Sudan Black obtained 14 bacterial isolates containing 10 isolates produced a clear zone (inhibition zone) and 4 isolates absorbed the dark blue color. After purification and retesting on the 14 isolates, 5 isolates were obtained as candidates for PHB-production bacteria.
Survival of Penaeus monodon shrimp fed diets supplemented with extract Porphyridium aerugineum and Porphyridium sp. after challenges by Vibrio harveyi
Authors: Kadriah Ince Ayu K , Kamaruddin  , Nurhidayah  
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The prevention of vibriosis using microalgae as anti-quorum sensing was started in 2016. Five types of positive microalgae that have the ability to inhibit the Quorum sensing signal was found in 2016, namely: Melosira sp, Porpyridium sp, Vulgaris sp, Phaeodactylum sp, and Nannochloropsis sp. In order to obtain an environmentally-friendly alternative to prevent shrimp disease, a study was conducted in 2019 concerning the addition of Porphyridium sp and Porphyridium aeruginous extract into feed as immunostimulants in shrimp. About 35% of microalgae extracts were added to shrimp feed. Tiger shrimp (P. monodon) fry with a weight of 0.5-2g was used in this study, and experimental design of 20 shrimps/treatment/repetition was applied. After 30 days of maintenance, an artificial infection was carried out using the pathogenic Vibrio harveyi by injection. Parameters observed included Total Hemocyte Count (THC), Pro-PO value and percentage of shrimp survival. The results showed that the addition of Porpyridium aerugenum extract in shrimp feed was successful in increasing the number of hemocytes and Pro-PO activity besides increasing the survival percentage of experimental shrimp. The results of this study are expected to help shrimp farmers in dealing with disease attacks in ponds in an environmentally friendly manner.
Evaluation of inhibitory potential of mangrove leaves extract Avicennia marina for bacteria causing ice-ice diseases in seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii
Authors: Adi Rahman Samsu , Mutalib Yanti , Dony Sangkia Frederik , Athirah Admi , Marlan  , Kadir Muhlis , Pattirane Chrisoetanto P 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Today, the problem of seaweed is the emergence of ice-ice disease, which causes economic losses. The solutions offered at this time are not significant, so there is a need for technology that can control the ice-ice disease. The effort is to use mangrove leaves to extract Avicennia marina. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory potential of mangrove leaves extract A. marina against bacteria that cause ice-ice disease in seaweed. Four pathogenic bacteria that cause ice-ice in seaweed, namely Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain IAM 123, Shewanella haliotis strain DW01, Vibrio alginolyticus strain ATCC 17749 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SNP0614 were tested using A. marina leaves extract with methanol solvent, the method used is the maceration method and antibacterial activity test using the Kirby-Bauer method with seawater complex (SWC) agar. The results showed phytochemical compounds found in A. marina leaves extracts, namely alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and glycosides. A. marina leaves extract using methanol solvent shows potential as an antimicrobial which is indicated by inhibition zones in each of the bacteria that cause ice-ice.
Analysis of molecular weight albumin concentrate on various types of freshwater fish using SDS-page electrophoresis method
Authors: Nurfaidah  , Metusalach  , Mahendradatta Meta , Sukarno  
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study aims to determine the distribution of molecular weight distribution in the extraction results of freshwater fish albumin that will be compared with Snakehead fish to see the similarity of distribution. The samples used were 7 types of fish obtained from the waters around Makassar. Fish albumin concentrates were analyzed for molecular weights using the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis method. Running SDS-PAGE is done at 100-120 V, for 60-90. The gel reading is done using a solution coomassie blue. The results showed that Three spot gourami fish had the most protein bands, which were 8 bands. Snakehead fish has 7 protein bands. Catfish, Tilapia, Pangas Catfish, and Common carp fish have 6 protein bands. Eels have the least protein bands, which are 4 bands. Judging from the protein composition in each type of fish, Three spot gourami fish have a complete protein and are similar to Snakehead fish.
Seaweed Gracilaria changii as a bioremediator agent for ammonia, nitrite and nitrate in controlled tanks of Whiteleg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Badraeni  , Azis H Y , Tresnati J , Tuwo A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Intensive shrimp cultures are characterized by high stocking densities and use large quantities of artificial feed. The artificial feed was consumed only a small part by shrimp, while the rest decomposes in ponds and produces inorganic nitrogen compounds such as ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate, which are poisonous to shrimp and decrease water quality. One alternative that can be applied to improve water quality in the shrimp pond is the use of bioremediation agents. One of the bioremediation agents is seaweed Gracilaria changii. The study was designed using a Completely Randomized Design consisting of three treatments, namely (A) shrimp culture without seaweed as bioremediator; (B) shrimp culture with seaweed as bioremediator in the middle of the treatment (starting from fifth week), and (C) shrimp culture with seaweed as bioremediator since the beginning of the treatment. Each treatment was repeated three times each. During the study, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate were measured every week. t-test is used to compare the average values of ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite. This study aims to analyze the potential of G. changii as bioremediator agents in the cultivation of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in controlled tanks. This study indicated that seaweed G. cangii was an effective bioremediator for shrimp P. vannamei culture because seaweed could reduce ammonia that is toxic for shrimp. Seaweed was effective as bioremediator until the ninth week, and after the effectiveness decrease indicated by increase the nitrate consentration. Seaweed could be a shelter for shrimp during molting that indicated by higher survival rate at the treatments with seaweed. It is recommended to harvest seaweed at the ninth week, then proceed with the second seaweed culture cycle, so there will two cycles of seaweed culture every one shrimp culture cycle.
Dynamic model of fisheries management system and maritime highway program in Makassar Strait
Authors: Hatta M , Mulyani S , Umar N A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This research motivated by the existence of a sea highway (Tol Laut) program in the Makassar Strait that will build a number of ports. Port development must be supported by the fisheries management system that can utilize fish resources maximally and sustainably. Otherwise, it will fail and harm the country. The research aimed to create and simulate dynamic models of fisheries systems supported by the maritime highway program in the Makassar Strait. Data collection on environmental parameters, nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance, catches, and gastric contents analysis has been conducted. The dynamic models that are built consist of 4 sub-models, namely: (1) Plankton Productivity submodel; (2) Pelagic Fisheries sub-model; (3) Demersal Fisheries sub-model and (4) Economy and Maritime Highway sub-model. The simulated scenario is different capture quota in planktivores, omnivore, carnivore, and demersal fishes. The result of simulation by using a dynamic model revealed that there are differences in fish population dynamics based on the catch rate and the provision of port facilities. The development of the Maritim highway program that synergizes with the determination of catching quotas can increase the revenue of around 5 to 28 billion rupiahs per month per district during 120 months in 11 districts/cities on the coast of Makassar Strait.