bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ProtecT randomised trial cost-effectiveness analysis comparing active monitoring, surgery, or radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Noble Sian M. , Garfield Kirsty , Lane J. Athene , Metcalfe Chris , Davis Michael , Walsh Eleanor I. , Martin Richard M. , Turner Emma L. , Peters Tim J. , Thorn Joanna C. , Mason Malcolm , Bollina Prasad , Catto James W. F. , Doherty Alan , Gnanapragasam Vincent , Hughes Owen , Kockelbergh Roger , Kynaston Howard , Paul Alan , Paez Edgar , Rosario Derek J. , Rowe Edward , Oxley Jon , Staffurth John , Neal David E. , Hamdy Freddie C. , Donovan Jenny L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
There is limited evidence relating to the cost-effectiveness of treatments for localised prostate cancer.

Methods
The cost-effectiveness of active monitoring, surgery, and radiotherapy was evaluated within the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) randomised controlled trial from a UK NHS perspective at 10 years’ median follow-up. Prostate cancer resource-use collected from hospital records and trial participants was valued using UK reference-costs. QALYs (quality-adjusted-life-years) were calculated from patient-reported EQ-5D-3L measurements. Adjusted mean costs, QALYs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated; cost-effectiveness acceptability curves and sensitivity analyses addressed uncertainty; subgroup analyses considered age and disease-risk.

Results
Adjusted mean QALYs were similar between groups: 6.89 (active monitoring), 7.09 (radiotherapy), and 6.91 (surgery). Active monitoring had lower adjusted mean costs (£5913) than radiotherapy (£7361) and surgery (£7519). Radiotherapy was the most likely (58% probability) cost-effective option at the UK NICE willingness-to-pay threshold (£20,000 per QALY). Subgroup analyses confirmed radiotherapy was cost-effective for older men and intermediate/high-risk disease groups; active monitoring was more likely to be the cost-effective option for younger men and low-risk groups.

Conclusions
Longer follow-up and modelling are required to determine the most cost-effective treatment for localised prostate cancer over a man’s lifetime.

Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN20141297: http://isrctn.org (14/10/2002); ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02044172: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (23/01/2014).
A flexible ECG patch compatible with NFC RF communication
Authors: Zulqarnain Mohammad , Stanzione Stefano , Rathinavel Ganesh , Smout Steve , Willegems Myriam , Myny Kris , Cantatore Eugenio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the advent of the internet of things, flexible wearable devices are gaining significant research interest, as they are unobtrusive, comfortable to wear and can support continuous observation of physiological signals, helping to monitor wellness or diagnose diseases. Amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (a-IGZO) Thin Film Transistors (TFTs) fabricated on flexible substrates are an attractive option to build such bio-signal monitoring systems due to their flexibility, conformability to the human body, and low cost. This paper presents a flexible electrocardiogram (ECG) patch implemented on foil with self-aligned IGZO TFTs, which is capable to acquire the ECG signals, amplify them and convert them to a sequence of bits. The analogue frontend has a measured input-referred noise of 8 μVrms in the 1–100 Hz band. The system achieves experimentally 67.4 dB CMRR, 58.9 dB PSRR, and 16.5 MΩ input impedance at 50 Hz while using 1 kHz chopping. The signal from the electrodes is transformed to a 105.9-kb/s Manchester-encoded serial bit stream which could be sent wirelessly to a smart phone via Near Field Communication (NFC) for further elaboration. Power consumption is 15.4 mW for the digital and 280 μW for the analogue part. This contribution shows the fundamental steps to demonstrate intelligent plasters for biomedical applications based on flexible electronics providing an NFC-compatible digital output bit stream.
Accelerated corrosion of marine-grade steel by a redox-active, cysteine-rich barnacle cement protein
Authors: Murugan Vinod K. , Mohanram Harini , Budanovic Maja , Latchou Arvind , Webster Richard David , Miserez Ali , Seita Matteo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA serious consequence of marine biofouling on metallic structures is the insidious localized corrosion at the attachment sites of fouling organisms, such as barnacles. Albeit known, this phenomenon is poorly understood and currently mitigated using cost- and labor-intensive methods. In this work, we study the contribution to biofouling corrosion by a protein contained in the adhesive cement that barnacles secrete to attach to immersed substrates. We synthesize a specific cement protein of 20 kDa (CP20) from the barnacleMegabalanus rosaand study its corrosion behavior independently of the animal. Our results show that CP20 accelerates the corrosion rate of a marine-grade, mild steel from 0.7 to 1.6 mm year−1. Through chemical analysis of the corrosion products, protein adsorption studies on the metal surface, and cyclic voltammetry, we elucidate an intricate corrosion mechanism that relies on the strong adhesive properties of CP20 and its electrochemically active disulfide groups. Our results have far-reaching implications on the prediction and mitigation of biocorrosion in marine applications. Moreover, the protein-induced corrosion mechanism unveiled in our study may be extended to other scenarios to understand the degradation of metal alloys used in food storage and biomedical implants.
Tuberculosis causes highly conserved metabolic changes in human patients, mycobacteria-infected mice and zebrafish larvae
Authors: Ding Yi , Raterink Robert-Jan , Marín-Juez Rubén , Veneman Wouter J. , Egbers Koen , van den Eeden Susan , Haks Mariëlle C. , Joosten Simone A. , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , Harms Amy C. , Alia A. , Hankemeier Thomas , Spaink Herman P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTuberculosis is a highly infectious and potentially fatal disease accompanied by wasting symptoms, which cause severe metabolic changes in infected people. In this study we have compared the effect of mycobacteria infection on the level of metabolites in blood of humans and mice and whole zebrafish larvae using one highly standardized mass spectrometry pipeline, ensuring technical comparability of the results. Quantification of a range of circulating small amines showed that the levels of the majority of these compounds were significantly decreased in all three groups of infected organisms. Ten of these metabolites were common between the three different organisms comprising: methionine, asparagine, cysteine, threonine, serine, tryptophan, leucine, citrulline, ethanolamine and phenylalanine. The metabolomic changes of zebrafish larvae after infection were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Our study identified common biomarkers for tuberculosis disease in humans, mice and zebrafish, showing across species conservation of metabolic reprogramming processes as a result of disease. Apparently, the mechanisms underlying these processes are independent of environmental, developmental and vertebrate evolutionary factors. The zebrafish larval model is highly suited to further investigate the mechanism of metabolic reprogramming and the connection with wasting syndrome due to infection by mycobacteria.
A first genetic linage map construction and QTL mapping for growth traits in Larimichthys polyactis
Authors: Liu Feng , Zhan Wei , Xie Qingping , Chen Honglin , Lou Bao , Xu Wantu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLarimichthys polyactisis a commercially important marine fish species in Eastern Asia, yet very few genetic resources exist. In particular, genetic linkage maps are critical tools for genetic breeding. In this study, we generated a high resolution linkage map from a family of 110 individuals and their parents by resequencing the individuals. 3,802 effective SNPs were mapped to 24 linkage groups (LGs). The map spanned 2,567.39 cm, with an average marker interval of 0.66 cm. We used the map to conduct QTL analysis for growth traits, and found 31 markers were significantly associated with growth-related traits. Specifically, three SNPs were identified for total length, nineteen SNPs for body length, and nine SNPs for body weight. The identified SNPs could explain 15.2–22.6% of the phenotypic variation. SNPs associated with growth traits were distributed on LG6 and LG11, and candidate genes included,kif26b,bat1,gna1,gbgt1, andamfr, which may regulate growth. The linkage map and mapped QTLs would be useful for improving the quality ofL. polyactisvia marker-assisted selection.
Superposition of semiconductor and semi-metal properties of self-assembled 2D SnTiS3 heterostructures
Authors: Tamalampudi Srinivasa Reddy , Lu Jin-You , Rajput Nitul , Lai Chia-Yun , Alfakes Boulos , Sankar Raman , Apostoleris Harry , P. Patole Shashikant , Almansouri Ibraheem , Chiesa Matteo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwo-dimensional metal dichalcogenide/monochalcogenide thin flakes have attracted much attention owing to their remarkable electronic and electrochemical properties; however, chemical instability limits their applications. Chemical vapor transport (CVT)-synthesized SnTiS3 thin flakes exhibit misfit heterojunction structure and are highly stable in ambient conditions, offering a great opportunity to exploit the properties of two distinct constituent materials: semiconductor SnS and semi-metal TiS2. We demonstrated that in addition to a metal-like electrical conductivity of 921 S/cm, the SnTiS3 thin flakes exhibit a strong bandgap emission at 1.9 eV, owing to the weak van der Waals interaction within the misfit-layer stackings. Our work shows that the misfit heterojunction structure preserves the electronic properties and lattice vibrations of the individual constituent monolayers and thus holds the promise to bridge the bandgap and carrier mobility discrepancy between graphene and recently established 2D transition metal dichalcogenide materials. Moreover, we also present a way to identify the top layer of SnTiS3 misfit compound layers and their related work function, which is essential for deployment of van der Waals misfit layers in future optoelectronic devices.
The bright and dark sides of protein conformational switches and the unifying forces of infections
Authors: Sannigrahi Achinta , De Nayan , Chattopadhyay Krishnananda 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is now established that a protein can switch between multiple conformations to enable altered functions. Several pathogens including SARS COV2 utilize context-dependent conformational switches of particular proteins to invade host membrane to establish infections. In this perspective, we first discuss the understanding of the conformational switch of a protein towards the productive infections as a dark side of nature. Next, the unexplored binary combination of the sequences of SARS COV2 spike protein and the similarity with diverse pathogen derived proteins have been discussed to obtain novel molecular insights into the process of infection.
Additive manufacturing assisted van der Waals integration of 3D/3D hierarchically functional nanostructures
Authors: Fu Jui-Han , Lu Ang-Yu , Madden Nathan J. , Wu Christine C. , Chen Yen-Chang , Chiu Ming-Hui , Hattar Khalid , Krogstad Jessica A. , Chou Stanley S. , Li Lain-Jong , Kong Jing , Tung Vincent 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) integration, in which pre-engineered two-dimensional building blocks are physically assembled together in a chosen sequence through weak vdW interactions, holds promise toward previously unattainable applications. However, when extended to create 3D/3D monoliths, the lack of physical bonding coupled with the inherent rigidity and surface roughness between 3D building blocks makes it challenging for broader implementation of composites, catalysis, and energy applications. Here we demonstrate that electrostatically exfoliated two-dimensional layered materials can be additively manufactured to create complex layouts with selectively engineered composition in both lateral and vertical directions. Subsequent room-temperature dewetting creates non-covalent hinges through folded edges to concurrently interlock and nanostructure the two-dimensional inks into 3D building blocks. The result is the 3D/3D vdW mono- and heterostructures that are mechanically robust, electrically conductive, electrochemically active over a broad pH range and even radiation tolerant in nature.
Evaluation of epithelial progenitor cells and growth factors in a preclinical model of wound healing induced by mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Ramos-Gonzalez Giselle , Wittig Olga , Diaz-Solano Dylana , Salazar Lianeth , Ayala-Grosso Carlos , Cardier Jose E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Skin wounds continue to be a global health problem. Several cellular therapy protocols have been used to improve and accelerate skin wound healing. Here, we evaluated the effect of transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) on the wound re-epithelialization process and its possible relationship with the presence of epithelial progenitor cells (EPC) and the expression of growth factors. Methods: An experimental wound model was developed in C57BL/6 mice. Human MSCs seeded on collagen membranes (CM) were implanted on wounds. As controls, animals with wounds without treatment or treated with CM were established. Histological and immunohistochemical (IH) studies were performed at day 3 post-treatment to detect early skin wound changes associated with the presence of EPC expressing Lgr6 and CD34 markers and the expression of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Results: MSC transplantation enhanced skin wound re-epithelialization, as compared with controls. It was associated with an increase in Lgr6+ and CD34+ cells and the expression of KGF and bFGF in the wound bed. Conclusion: Our results show that cutaneous wound healing induced by MSC is associated with an increase in EPC and growth factors. These preclinical results support the possible clinical use of MSC to treat cutaneous wounds.
Circular RNA S-7 promotes ovarian cancer EMT via sponging miR-641 to up-regulate ZEB1 and MDM2
Authors: Zhang Fenghua , Xu Yun , Ye Wenfeng , Jiang Jingting , Wu Changping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is one lethal gynecologic cancer, with a 5-year survival rate approximately 47% and localized stage diagnosis of 15%. Circular RNAs are promising biomarkers for malignancies.
Methods: CiRS-7 expression was confirmed in 40 paired OC and normal adjacent tissues from 40 OC patients with different TNM stages, lymph node metastasis status and overall survival rate, also 5 different OC cell lines by qRT-PCR. Effects of ciRS-7 silence on OC cell phenotypes were determined in OC cells and Xenograft mouse model. StarBase was used to predict binding sites between ciRS-7 and micRNAs. Pearson correlation analysis and RNA-immunoprecipitation assay were used to determine the association between genes. Point mutation and rescue experiments were applied for molecular mechanism investigation.
Results: CiRS-7 expression was significantly higher in OC cells and tissues, which was significantly associated with the TNM stages, lymph node metastasis status and overall survival rate in OC patients. CiRS-7 silence inhibited OC cell growth and metastasis. CiRS-7 sponged miR-641 to up-regulate ZEB1 and MDM2 expression in OC development.
Conclusion: CiRS-7 serves as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-641 that promoted cell growth and metastasis in OC, via regulating ZEB1 and MDM2-mediated EMT. High ciRS-7 expression was a poor prognosis of TNM stages, lymph node metastasis status and overall survival rate in OC patients. Targeting ciRS-7/miR-641/ZEB1 or ciRS-7/miR-641/MDM2 axis may be a novel diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategy for OC.
Probabilistic prediction of geomagnetic storms and theKpindex
Authors: Chakraborty Shibaji , Morley Steven Karl 
Published: July 2020

Geomagnetic activity is often described using summary indices to summarize the likelihood of space weather impacts, as well as when parameterizing space weather models. The geomagnetic indexKpin particular, is widely used for these purposes. Current state-of-the-art forecast models provide deterministicKppredictions using a variety of methods – including empirically-derived functions, physics-based models, and neural networks – but do not provide uncertainty estimates associated with the forecast. This paper provides a sample methodology to generate a 3-hour-aheadKpprediction with uncertainty bounds and from this provide a probabilistic geomagnetic storm forecast. Specifically, we have used a two-layered architecture to separately predict storm (Kp ≥ 5−) and non-storm cases. As solar wind-driven models are limited in their ability to predict the onset of transient-driven activity we also introduce a model variant using solar X-ray flux to assess whether simple models including proxies for solar activity can improve the predictions of geomagnetic storm activity with lead times longer than the L1-to-Earth propagation time. By comparing the performance of these models we show that including operationally-available information about solar irradiance enhances the ability of predictive models to capture the onset of geomagnetic storms and that this can be achieved while also enabling probabilistic forecasts.
Regionale Unterschiede in der Häufigkeit osteoporotischer Frakturen des Femurs in Deutschland: Eine Analyse von Frakturfallzahlen aus der GBE-Datenbank
Authors: Möckel Luis , Treusch Yvonne , Möckel Christina 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Ziel dieser Analyse war es, die Raten für Frakturen des Femurs (ICD-10 S72.*) der einzelnen Bundesländer mit der für Deutschland zu vergleichen.
Methodik Es wurden ICD-10 S72.* kodierte Krankenhaus-Fallzahlen aus dem Informationssystem der Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes für 2017 verwendet, um daraus die Anzahl der osteoporotischen Frakturen des Femurs zu berechnen und die entsprechenden altersstandardisierten Raten der Bundesländer mit der für Deutschland zu vergleichen.
Ergebnisse Die altersstandardisierten Raten osteoporotischer Frakturen des Femurs schwankten in 2017 je nach Bundesland zwischen 379 (SE 13,8) und 608 (SE 13,6) pro 100000 Einwohnerinnen (Deutschland: 519/100000 [SE 2,4]) bei Frauen (50+ Jahre) sowie 159 (SE 10,7) bis 229 (SE 13,3) pro 100000 Einwohner (Deutschland: 200/100000 [SE 1,7]) bei Männern (50+ Jahre). Signifikant höhere Raten bei Frauen wurden für Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen und Schleswig-Holstein ermittelt sowie signifikant niedrigere für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Frauen und Männer), Sachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt (jeweils nur bei Frauen).
Schlussfolgerung Je nach Bundesland besteht ein unterschiedliches Risiko für eine ICD-10 S72.* kodierte, osteoporotische Fraktur des Femurs.
Validierung evidenzbasierter Empfehlung im Setting des Rehabilitationssports für Menschen mit Osteoporose-Erkrankung: Die randomisierte, kontrollierte Senioren Fitness- und Präventionsstudie (SEFIP)
Authors: Kemmler Wolfgang , von Stengel Simon 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungEine wesentliche Limitation des Rehabilitationssports gemäß § 64 SGB IX ist die fehlende Evidenz seiner Effektivität auf indikationsspezifische Größen. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, den Effekt eines 18-monatigen Rehabilitationssport-Programmes (RS-Programm) gemäß § 64 SGB IX auf Frakturgrößen postmenopausaler Frauen zu evaluieren.246 selbstständig lebende (cdw) Frauen ≥ 65 Jahr wurden randomisiert einer RS-Gruppe (RSG: n = 123) oder aktiven Kontroll-Gruppe (KG: n = 123) zugeteilt. Die RSG absolvierte ein intensitätsorientiertes Training mit maximal 4 Trainingseinheiten/Woche, die KG führte ein niedrig-intensives „Wellnessprogramm“ mit geringem Trainingsvolumen und -häufigkeit durch. Studienendpunkte waren Knochendichte (BMD) und Sturzhäufigkeit.Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen RSG und KG wurden für die BMD an LWS (TG: 1,8 ± 2.7 % vs. 0,3 ± 3,1%; p = 0,001) und Schenkelhals (DXA: 1,0 ± 3,3 % vs. −1,1 ± 3,3%; p = 0,001) sowie für die Sturzrate (TG: 1,00 ± 1,32 vs. KG: 1,66 ± 1,80; p = 0,002) beobachtet. Unerwünschte Nebeneffekte oder Verletzungen wurden nicht berichtet.Die vorliegende Untersuchung belegt klar, das RS positive Effekte auf Frakturgrößen von Frauen im höheren Lebensalter ausüben kann.
Effect of Velocity Loss on Strength Performance in Bench Press Using
a Weight Stack Machine
Authors: Rodiles-Guerrero Luis , Pareja-Blanco Fernando , León-Prados Juan Antonio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the effects of three different velocity loss
thresholds (10%: VL10, 30%: VL30 and 50%: VL50) on
maximal strength and velocity at different intensities during bench press using
a weight stack machine (WSM-BP). Forty-five men were randomly assigned to three
groups: VL10 (n=15), VL30 (n=15) and VL50 (n=15), which
followed a 5-week (15 sessions) velocity-based WSM-BP program. Assessments
performed Pre- and Post-training included: a) estimated one-repetition maximum
(1RM) in WSM-BP; b) average velocity attained against all absolute loads common
to Pre- and Post-training tests in WSM-BP; c) average velocity attained against
all absolute loads that were lifted equal to or faster than 0.8
m·s−1 at Pre-training (light loads); and d) average velocity
attained against all absolute loads that were lifted slower than 0.8
m·s−1 at Pre-training (heavy loads). All groups showed
significant improvements in 1RM, velocity against all loads, and velocity
against heavy loads (P<0.001–0.01). However, only the VL10 group
showed significant enhancements in velocity against light loads
(P=0.05). Therefore, the VL10 group showed a higher training efficiency
compared to VL30 and VL50 interventions, since it obtained similar benefits by
performing fewer repetitions.
Involvement of the Benzodiazepine Site in the Anticonvulsant Activity of Tapinanthus globiferus against Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures in Mice
Authors: Elusiyan Christianah A. , Faria Ana Luiza Gonçalves , Mendes Ane Emanuelle Queiroga , Silva Iransé Oliveira , Martins José Luis Rodrigues , Rosa Daniel Alves , Pedrino Gustavo Rodrigues , Costa Elson Alves , Ibrahim Mohamed Ali , Zjawiony Jordan K. , Fajemiroye James Oluwagbamigbe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTapinanthus globiferus is often referred to as an all-purpose herb for the treatment of stroke and epilepsy. The present study investigates the anticonvulsant effect of methanolic leaf extract, active fractions, and lupeol (isolate) of Tapinanthus globiferus in mice as well as the underlying mechanisms. Following phytochemical studies of T. globiferus, preliminary assays were performed to evaluate MLE-induced toxic effect and behavioral changes. The pentylenetetrazol (70 mg/kg, i. p.)-induced seizure was evaluated in mice that were pretreated orally with vehicle 10 mL/kg, MLE (4, 20, or 100 mg/kg), fractions (F1 to F6), lupeol 10 mg/kg or diazepam (3 mg/kg). Methanolic leaf extract preserved neuron viability as well as the relative organ weight, and hematological and biochemical parameters. The behavioral endpoints, neuromuscular coordination, and sensory response parameters revealed a dose-dependent effect of methanolic leaf extract. This extract, active fractions, lupeol, and diazepam potentiated the hypno-sedative effect of the barbiturate and attenuated PTZ-induced acute seizure. This antiseizure effect was completely reversed by flumazenil 2 mg/kg (benzodiazepine site antagonist). Altogether, the benzodiazepine site-mediated anticonvulsant effects of methanolic leaf extract, active fractions, and lupeol corroborate traditional application of T. globiferus against epilepsy.