bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydromagnetic flow of a dusty fluid in a rectangular channel with Hall current and heat transfer
Authors: Aboul-Hassan A L , Attia H A 
Published: July 2002

The transient Hartmann flow of a dusty incompressible fluid under the influence of an applied uniform magnetic field is studied without neglecting the Hall current. The plates of the rectangular channel are assumed to be porous and subjected to a uniform suction from above and injection from below. The fluid is acted upon by a pressure gradient, which is either constant or exponentially decreasing with time. The relevant equations of motion are solved analytically to yield the velocity distribution for both the fluid and dust particles as functions of space and time, while the energy equations, which include the viscous, and Joule dissipation terms, are solved numerically to yield the temperature distributions. PACS No.: 47.60+i
Ground-based Ring-effect measurements with the OSIRIS development model
Authors: Sioris C E , Evans W FJ , Gattinger R L , McDade I C , Degenstein D A , Llewellyn E J 
Published: July 2002

The Ring effect is measured using the UVvisible spectrometer (~1 nm spectral resolution) of OSIRIS, the optical spectrograph and infrared imaging system. The observed filling in of Ca(II) H and K (~395 nm), the two largest Fraunhofer lines in the solar spectrum, are compared with the filling in simulated with a new model that includes rotational Raman scattering (RRS) by N2 and O2. The filling in is (1.06 ± 0.60)% at Ca(II) K and (1.40 ± 0.50)% at Ca(II) H for blue-sky observations at a solar zenith angle of 37°. The measured filling in agrees with the modelled filling in within the uncertainties. PACS Nos.: 07.60Rd, 33.20Fb, 42.68Ay, 42.68Ca, 42.68Ge, 42.68Mj
Variational formulation of relativistic four-body systems in quantum field theory: scalar quadronium
Authors: Ding B , Darewych J W 
Published: July 2002

We discuss a variational method for describing relativistic four-body systems within the Hamiltonian formalism of quantum field theory. The scalar Yukawa (or WickCutkosky) model, in which scalar particles and antiparticles interact via a massive or massless scalar field, is used to illustrate the method. A Fock-space variational trial state is used to describe the stationary states of scalar quadronium (two particles and two antiparticles) interacting via one-quantum exchange and virtual annihilation pairwise interactions. Numerical results for the ground-state mass and approximate wave functions of quadronium are presented for various strengths of the coupling, for the massive and massless quantum exchange cases. PACS Nos.: 11.10Ef, 11.10St, 03.70+k, 03.65Pm
SMOOTH GROUP ACTIONS ON 4-MANIFOLDS AND SEIBERG–WITTEN INVARIANTS
Authors: FANG FUQUAN 
Published: July 2002

In this paper we study the Seiberg–Witten invariants of 4-manifold acted on by a finite group (or a compact Lie group). Among other things, we have: Let X be a smooth closed 4-dimensional ℤp-manifold, where p is a prime. Suppose H1(X,ℝ) = 0 and [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text]. If ℤp acts trivially on the space [Formula: see text] of self dual harmonic 2-forms, then, for any ℤp-equivariant Spin c-structure [Formula: see text] on X, the Seiberg–Witten invariant satisfies [Formula: see text] provided [Formula: see text] for j = 0,1,…,p-1, where [Formula: see text], DA: Γ(W+) → Γ (W-) is the equivariant Dirac operator determined by [Formula: see text] for an equivariant connection A on det W+.
Pulse Electrical Current Resonance: Classical and Quantum Echoes
Authors: Oliveira I. S. 
Published: July 2002

We discuss the theoretical basis of a recent proposal for a new experimental technique in Solid State Physics: Electrical Current Resonance (ECR); continuous wave (CW) and pulsed. In the first part of the paper we show that the Bloch equations for magnetic moments in magnetic fields are formally identical to the Drude equation of motion for the electrical current in electric and magnetic fields. Then, applying a matrix method to solve the current equation of motion, we explore the consequences of this similarity. First we consider continuous magnetic fields; various examples of applications are worked out. In the pulsed case we deduce expressions for the current echoes and free current decays, transient effects similar to spin echoes and free induction decays in the magnetic case. We briefly discuss the application of the technique to the study of electron scattering rates and ECR spectroscopy. On the second part we show that the quantum problem of a charged particle in a oscillating magnetic field has an exact solution, both for continuous and pulsed fields. In the continuous case we show that the particle energy states in the field (the Landau tubes) are turned by 90° as the resonance frequency is approached. In the pulsed case we calculate the expected value of the particle momentum [Formula: see text] after a sequence of one and two magnetic pulses, and show that this quantity corresponds to the free current decay and current echo, deduced classically.
SKEIN THEORY AND THE MURPHY OPERATORS
Authors: MORTON HUGH R. 
Published: July 2002

The Murphy operators in the Hecke algebra Hn of type A are explicit commuting elements whose sum generates the centre. They can be represented by simple tangles in the Homfly skein theory version of Hn. In this paper I present a single tangle which represents their sum, and which is obviously central. As a consequence it is possible to identify a natural basis for the Homfly skein of the annulus, [Formula: see text]. Symmetric functions of the Murphy operators are also central in Hn. I define geometrically a homomorphism from [Formula: see text] to the centre of each algebra Hn, and find an element in [Formula: see text], independent of n, whose image is the mth power sum of the Murphy operators. Generating function techniques are used to describe images of other elements of [Formula: see text] in terms of the Murphy operators, and to demonstrate relations among other natural skein elements.
A REVIEW OF PARRONDO'S PARADOX
Authors: HARMER GREGORY P. , ABBOTT DEREK 
Published: July 2002

Inspired by the flashing Brownian ratchet, Parrondo's games present an apparently paradoxical situation. The games can be realized as coin tossing events. Game A uses a single biased coin while game B uses two biased coins and has a state dependent rule based on the player's current capital. Playing each of the games individually causes the player to lose. However, a winning expectation is produced when randomly mixing games A and B. This phenomenon is investigated and mathematically analyzed to give explanations on how such a process is possible. The games are expanded to become dependent on other properties rather that the capital of the player. Some of the latest developments in Parrondian ratchet or discrete-time ratchet theory are briefly reviewed.
Barking up the Wrong Branch: Scientific Alternatives to the Current Model of Sociological Science
Authors: Lieberson Stanley , Lynn Freda B. 
Published: July 2002

A fortiori it is unlikely that a mere repetition of the tricks which served us so well in physics will do for the social phenomena too. (John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern 1944, p. 6) I do not think the relationship between theory and measurement in the social sciences is much like what Kuhn describes for physics. Talcott Parsons was right about the lack of interaction between the two in sociology. If Kuhn is right about the preconditions for such interaction in physics, and if physics is the model for sociology, then it will be a long time before measurement makes an important contribution to sociology as a basic science …. But sociology is not like physics. Nothing but physics is like physics …. (Otis Dudley Duncan 1984, p. 169)▪ Abstract  The standard for what passes as scientific sociology is derived from classical physics, a model of natural science that is totally inappropriate for sociology. As a consequence, we pursue goals and use criteria for success that are harmful and counterproductive. Even those dismissing such efforts use the standards of physics as grounds for their objection. Although recognizing that no natural science can serve as an automatic template for our work, we suggest that Darwin's work on evolution provides a far more applicable model for linking theory and research since he dealt with obstacles far more similar to our own. This includes drawing rigorous conclusions based on observational data rather than true experiments; an ability to absorb enormous amounts of diverse data into a relatively simple system that did not include a large number of what we think of as independent variables; the absence of prediction as a standard for evaluating the adequacy of a theory; and the ability to use a theory that is incomplete in both the evidence that supports it and in its development. Other sciences are briefly cited as well, but the main emphasis is on the lessons that Darwin provides for social sciences such as sociology that obtain their evidence primarily from non-experimental sources.
Informal Care for Stroke Survivors
Authors: Dewey H.M. , Thrift A.G. , Mihalopoulos C. , Carter R. , Macdonell R.A.L. , McNeil J.J. , Donnan G.A. 
Published: July 2002

Background and Purpose—Informal caregivers play an important role in the lives of stroke patients, but the cost of providing this care has not been estimated. The purpose of this study was to determine the nature and amount of informal care provided to stroke patients and to estimate the economic cost of that care.Methods—The primary caregivers of stroke patients registered in the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study (NEMESIS) were interviewed at 3, 6, and 12 months after stroke, and the nature and amount of informal care provided were documented. The opportunity and replacement costs of informal care for all first-ever-in-a-lifetime strokes (excluding subarachnoid hemorrhages) that occurred in 1997 in Australia were estimated.Results—Among 3-month stroke survivors, 74% required assistance with activities of daily living and received informal care from family or friends. Two thirds of primary caregivers were women, and most primary caregivers (>90%) provided care during family or leisure time. Total first-year caregiver time costs for all first-ever-in-a-lifetime strokes were estimated to be A$21.7 million (opportunity cost approach) or A$42.5 million (replacement cost approach), and the present values of lifetime caregiver time costs were estimated to be A$171.4 million (opportunity cost approach) or A$331.8 million (replacement cost approach).Conclusions—Informal care for stroke survivors represents a significant hidden cost to Australian society. Because our community is rapidly aging, this informal care burden may increase significantly in the future.
Using Interorganizational Information Systems to Support Environmental Management Efforts at ASG
Authors: Shaft Teresa M. , Sharfman Mark P. , Swahn Magnus 
Published: July 2002

SummaryWe examine use of environmental information systems by ASG AB (hereafter ASG), an international logistics and transport firm headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden, as a case study to illustrate the role of information systems in life‐cycle‐oriented environmental management. This case provides an example of how a firm can use interorganizational information systems (IOISs) to move toward environmentally sustainable business practices. Through the use of IOISs, ASG has been able to improve its environmental performance and that of its suppliers. Further, this improved environmental performance has been a competitive advantage for ASG and enabled it to attract new business. As such, ASG's experiences illustrate how aggressive practices move environmental management beyond compliance and cost control, at which many firms have been successful, to revenue generation. The case also shows how environmentally sustainable business practices can be integrated into a firm's strategy. In addition to illustrating how ASG has used IOISs to improve environmental performance, we compare their use of environmental ISs with the expected evolution of environmental ISs presented in the Shaft and colleagues (1997) framework. Although some of ASG's experiences verify the expected progression of these types of systems, some developments are not as expected. These differences have implications for the framework.
Linking Industrial Ecology with Business Strategy: Creating Value for Green Product Design
Authors: Finster Mark , Eagan Patrick , Hussey Dennis 
Published: July 2002

SummaryAs organizations practice environmental design, some discover green design positively impacts business performance. This article demonstrates how an organization can employ existing design methods and tools with the Kano technique to craft an environmental product design strategy that enhances its business strategy. These tools expand the toolbox of the industrial ecologist and enable the link between green design and business improvement. The Kano technique was developed in the 1980s to facilitate design of innovative products. We also introduce terminology and concepts such as “voices of the environment,”“environmental knowledge management,”“environmental profile,” and “environmental product attribute” in order to bridge the gap between industrial ecology and business concerns.To demonstrate how an organization can find the synergy between business value and environmental value, this article describes three activities and their corresponding tools and exhibits their use with industry examples. First, we present techniques by which designers can identify and prioritize customers and stakeholders who voice both environmental and business concerns. Second, we describe how voice‐of‐the‐customer translation techniques can be used to efficiently collect and translate data from these customers and stakeholders into critical environmental product and service attributes. Third, we discuss how the Kano technique can be used to connect green design to business strategy by making visible the variety of stakeholder and customer perceptions of these critical environmental attributes. Examples then demonstrate how those perceptions suggest appropriate approaches for integrating the critical environmental attributes into product and business strategy. Finally, we provide examples based on work done with General Electric Medical Systems (GEMS) to illustrate the design of products that improve environmental performance while adding greater perceived value for numerous customers along material‐flow value chains.
READING MESOPOTAMIAN LAW CASES PBS 5 100: A QUESTION OF FILIATION
Authors: Roth Martha 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this article I explore ways of reading Mesopotamian legal records as narratives and so derive insights into Mesopotamian legal, social, and cultural norms. I examine two prevailing and insufficiently considered scholarly biases and I suggest new ways to study documents. I present a single case from Old Babylonian Nippur by way of example of how we can read Mesopotamian law collections and law cases. Dans cet article, je cherche les moyens de lire les documents juridiques mésopotamiens en les considérant comme des récits, essayant ainsi de comprendre les normes légales, sociales et culturelles de Mésopotamiens. J'examine deux préjugés scientifiques qui ont cours et qui n'ont pas été su samment approfondis et je propose de nouvelles méthodes pour l'étude de ces documents. A titre d'exemple, je présente un seul cas tiré de Nippur de la période paléobabylonienne, pour montrer comment peuvent être lus les collections de lois et les cas juridiques.
IS THERE AN EAST ASIAN DEVELOPMENT PATH? LONG-TERM COMPARISONS, CONSTRAINTS, AND CONTINUITIES
Authors: Pomeranz Kenneth 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMuch literature normalizes a North Atlantic pattern of development, and sees a regionally specific "East Asian" path in the 20th century. However, development patterns in core regions of Europe and East Asia were surprisingly similar until almost 1800, and Europe's divergence thereafter was shaped by exceptional resource bonanzas. East Asian growth has been less-resource-intensive, and based on different social ideas. Recently, "East Asian" growth has spread to coastal China, but China's interior poses greater challenges; current interest in more resource-intensive, state-centered development strategies for those regions (which resemble those predicted by Gerschenkron) is thus unsurprising, but environmentally and socially risky. La plus grande partie de la littérature sur l'Asie de l'Est prend comme modèle le développement économique et social du Nord-Atlantique, insistant également sur un chemin spécifiquement "Est-Asiatique" qui a été suivi par la region dans le 20e siècle. Néanmoins, l'histoire du développement économique dans les regions centrales de l'Europe est semblable à celle de L'Asie de l'Est, jusqu'au début du 19e siècle. La divergence de l'Europe après 1800 se déterminait comme résultat d'un accès exceptionnel aux ressources naturelles permettant une sur-croissance économique ininterrompue. La croissance en Asie de l'Est était nettement moins dependante sur l'acces aux ressources, et fût basée sur un système d'idées sociales très différent. Plus récemment, le modèle "Est-Asiatique" de croissance économique est apparu en Chine littorale, mais non à l'interieur du pays. L'intérêt actuel des stratégies du développement (tres semblables, d'ailleurs, à celles prevues par Gerschenkron) basées sur l'accès aux ressources, et organisées autour de l'intervention centralisée de l'état dans ces régions n'a rien de surprenant, mais pose en même temps des risques très graves pour l'environnement et pour la société dans les régions de l'intérieur.
THE ORGANISATION OF INSTITUTIONAL AGRICULTURE IN MARI
Authors: van Koppen Frans 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe archives from the time of Zimri-Lim (1678-1664 BC) found in the palace at Mari allow a reconstruction of the accounting practises associated with institutional agriculture. Both the local relations of production and the political goals of the state are assessed in determining land use. The central government restricted itself to the distribution of a variety of resources to its rural estates and to the organisation of supplementary labourers. The "farmer" (ikkarum) managed the basic work unit, plough teams, in order to meet production goals, but his simultaneous contracts with directors of different estates both allowed for his investment (and private gain) and stimulated efficient employment of the palace's resources. This practice provided flexibility for the central government's management of its agricultural estates. Les archives de l'époque de Zimri-Lim (1678-1664 BC) exhumés dans le palais de Mari permettent une reconstruction de la système de comptabilité de l'agriculture institutionelle. Les moyens de production disponibles et des considérations politiques déterminaient l'emploi des terres. Le gouvernement se bornait à la distribution des ressources et à l'organisation de la main-d'oeuvre supplémentaire. Le "cultivateur" (ikkarum) dirigeait les unités de base de l'agriculture, les charrues, afin de produire une récolte fixée. Il investissait des ressources privées (et pourait en profiter) et dirigait des charrues dans des domaines agricoles differentes, que permettait un emploi economique de resources du palais. Cette pratique fournissait de la flexibilité dans un régime dirigé de façon centralisée.
Aristotle's Use of Examples in the Prior Analytics
Authors: Ierodiakonou Katerina 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper examines the relevance and importance of the large number of examples which Aristotle uses in his Prior Analytics. In the first part of the paper three preliminary issues are raised: First, it investigates what counts as an example in Aristotle's syllogistic, and especially whether only examples expressed in concrete terms should be considered as examples or maybe also propositions and arguments with letters of the alphabet. The second issue concerns the kinds of examples Aristotle actually uses from everyday life as well as from various scientific and philosophical forms of discourse; among these, it seems that biological examples, rather than mathematical ones, have a predominant place. Finally, I discuss what Aristotle himself has to say about the use of examples, and in particular about the similarity between the use of an example and the use of induction. The second part of the paper focusses on the functions of Aristotle's logical examples. It is of course obvious that some of the examples in the Prior Analytics are used to illustrate, and thus to clarify, a definition, a logical rule, a type of argument. However, I think that Aristotle's logical examples have another function, which is philosophically more interesting, namely as integral parts of the procedure of proving something. To support this claim, I analyse three passages from the Prior Analytics in which examples are used either in order to prove that something is not the case, i.e. as counter-examples, or in order to prove positively that it is possible for something to be the case. At the end, I argue that for such uses of examples Aristotle uses the notion of 'ekthesis', which seems to have a wider sense than usually suggested; that is to say, it is used to refer to any proof by means of an example, and not only for the procedure which Aristotle uses to reduce imperfect to perfect syllogisms.
WHO WEEPS IN JEREMIAH VIII 23 (IX 1)? IDENTIFYING DRAMATIC SPEAKERS IN THE POETRY OF JEREMIAH
Authors: Henderson Joseph 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSince the work of A. Heschel, who described the pathos of God in Jeremiah, it has become common to identify the weeping speaker of Jeremiah viii 23 as Yahweh. Many hold that the speech of God and the speech of the prophet are indistinguishable, but a few, including M. Biddle, maintain that Yahweh alone is the speaker. This paper contends that the speaker of Jeremiah viii 23 (and several other passages that express sympathy for the people) is not Yahweh, but Jeremiah. It argues that the sympathetic term bat-'ammî found in these passages and similar passages in Lamentations is typical of a speaker who cries out to God in complaint. Distinguishing Jeremiah's diction and concerns from Yahweh's allows the poetry of Jeremiah ii-xx to be read as dramatic dialogue.
YAHWEH AT ASHKELON AND CALAH? YAHWISTIC NAMES IN NEO-ASSYRIAN
Authors: Younger K. Lawson 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis article investigates the transcription of names containing the Yahwistic theophoric element into Neo-Assyrian in order to evaluate the claims that the names Siqda (king of Ashkelon mentioned in Sennacherib's inscriptions) and Atalia (queen of Sargon II mentioned in inscribed objects from a recently discovered royal tomb in Calah/Nimrud) contain this element.
Phonotaxis to advertisement calls by midwife toads (Alytes muletensis) is not necessarily related to mating
Authors: Dyson Mandy , Halliday Tim , Lea Jerry 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPrevious studies with the Mallorcan midwife toad (Alytes muletensis) found that gravid females show inconsistent phonotactic preferences for male calls unless they are highly motivated to mate; and, non-gravid females will occasionally show phonotaxis to male advertisement calls. These results suggest that sometimes phonotaxis may not be related to seeking a mating partner. In this article we report on experiments that give further support to a non-mating function of phonotaxis in this species. Males and metamorphs were played conspecific male and female advertisement calls. Males that were expected to be unmotivated to mate were not less likely to respond to, or less consistent in their choice of, female calls than males who were expected to be motivated to mate. Metamorphs who were not yet in breeding condition nevertheless showed positive phonotaxis. We suggest that Mallorcan midwife toads may sometimes show phonotaxis simply to seek out refuges where toads aggregate.