bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Message‐sensing classified transmission scheme based on mobile edge computing in the Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Zhao Haitao , Zhu Yinyang , Tang Jiawen , Han Zhe , Aujla Gagangeet Singh 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYWith the rapid development of intelligent transportation, vehicle terminals generate a large number of data messages that need to be processed in real time, and the required computing and storage resources far exceed the load capacity of vehicle terminals. Mobile edge computing enables data resources to be processed near device terminals, and provides low‐latency and high‐reliability computing services to meet the power and service quality requirements of terminal devices. Therefore, in order to achieve better data resource management, this paper introduces mobile edge computing technology, and mainly researches secure message transmission optimization algorithms based on mobile edge computing. Firstly, we prioritize secure messages through the analytic hierarchy process. This can guarantee that the most urgent messages get the highest transmission level. Secondly, we establish an optimal task offloading model of delay and energy loss by assigning different weight factors to delay and energy loss. The Lagrangian relaxation method is used to transform the nonconvex problem into a convex problem. We use greedy algorithm to solve the main problem. Finally, the vehicle transmits secure messages through the topology of the local network within its defined communication range. Performance evaluation results show that the scheme not only reduces the redundant transmission of messages, but also improves the performance of end‐to‐end delay and message deliver success ratio of secure messages.
Hedyotis, Oldenlandia and related genera (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) in Australia: New genera and new combinations in an Asian‐Australian‐Pacific lineage
Authors: Gibbons Kerry Lynne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHedyotis, Oldenlandia and related genera (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) comprise a morphologically recognisable group within Spermacoceae, characterised by the presence of raphides, more or less fimbriate stipules, 4‐merous flowers, bicarpellate gynoecia, multiovulate locules, peltate placentas and (generally) tricolporate pollen, but generic‐level taxonomy within the group has long been problematic. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have made significant progress in our understanding of generic limits in the group internationally but have included little Australian material. This study includes broad geographic sampling and near complete representation of Australian taxa in maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast (rps16, petD) and nuclear ribosomal (ITS, ETS) nucleotide sequence data to infer the phylogeny of the Spermacoceae and resolve the generic‐level classification of Australian taxa in the group. Two Australian species (Hedyotis novoguineensis, H. philippensis) were placed in Hedyotis. All remaining native Australian taxa currently accepted in Hedyotis, Oldenlandia and Synaptantha were placed within a large clade with an Asian‐Australian‐Pacific distribution. This clade includes Debia, Dimetia, Involucrella, Kadua, Exallage, Leptopetalum, Scleromitrion and Synaptantha, with Australian taxa included in clades corresponding to the latter four genera. The remaining native Australian species currently accepted in Oldenlandia are placed in two additional clades within the Asian‐Australian‐Pacific clade, and two new endemic Australian genera, Dolichocarpa and Paranotis, are here described to accommodate them. Oldenlandia s.str. is represented in Australia only by the introduced weed O. corymbosa. The morphology and geographic distribution of genera represented in Australia is discussed. New combinations in Scleromitrion and recommendations for accepted names in Exallage and Leptopetalum in Australia are provided, as is a key to the genera of the Spermacoceae (excluding the Spermacoce clade) in Australia.
A compendium of generic names of agarics and Agaricales
Authors: Kalichman Jacob , Kirk Paul M. , Matheny P. Brandon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAgarics (gilled mushrooms) and the order Agaricales include some of the best‐known and most charismatic fungi. However, neither group has had its constituent genera exhaustively compiled in a modern phylogenetic context. To provide that framework, we identified and analyzed 1383 names of genera of agarics (regardless of taxonomic placement) and the Agaricales (regardless of morphology), compiling various data for each name. Including 590 accepted names, the other 793 listed with reasons explaining their disuse, this compendium is intended to be comprehensive at present and phylogenetically up‐to‐date. Data we gathered included type species, continents from which type species were described, accepted synonyms of those species, current family placements, gross macromorphological categories, and sequenced loci (for type specimens, type species, and each genus as a whole). Index Fungorum provided a basis for the data, but much was manually confirmed, augmented, or corrected based on recent literature. Among accepted gilled genera, 82% belonged to the Agaricales; among accepted genera of Agaricales, 67% were gilled. Based on automated searches of GenBank and MycoCosm, 7% of generic names had DNA sequences of their type specimens, 68% had sequences of their type species, and 87% had sequences representing their genus. This leaves an estimated 103 accepted genera entirely lacking molecular data. Some subsets of genera have been sequenced relatively thoroughly (e.g., nidularioid genera and genera described from Europe); others relatively poorly (e.g., cyphelloid genera and genera described from Africa and tropical Asia). We also list nomenclaturally threatened and taxonomically doubtful genus and family names.
The active ingredients in the anti‐obesity drug bofutsushosan in high‐fat‐diet‐fed obese mice
Authors: Takahashi Tatsuo , Hori Kenta , Yoshida Eri , Ikeda‐Matsuo Yuri , Shimada Tsutomu , Nomura Masaaki , Kobayashi Shinjiro 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTAimCombined effects on the body weights and white adipose tissues in high‐fat‐diet‐fed obese mice due to bofutsushosan (BTS) were investigated.MethodsMale ICR mice (four weeks old) were fed a 60% kcal fat diet for five weeks and fed the same diet with administration of aqueous extracts (2.0 g/kg/day) of BTS, component‐removed BTS, and a mixture of the ingredients and the component‐removed BTS for 28 days.ResultsThe BTS extract reduced the body weight from 2 to 28 days after administration while also reducing the weight of the subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissues after administration for 28 days. Extracts of BTS with Glycyrrhizae radix (Glycyrrhiza root; abbreviated as glycyrrhiza) removed, Rhei rhizoma (rhubarb rhizome; rhubarb) removed, Gardeniae fructus (Gardenia fruit; gardenia) removed, Ephedrae herba (Ephedra herb; ephedra) removed, or Sal mirabilis (sodium sulfate hydrate; mirabilite) removed reduced the anti‐obesity and fat‐loss activity compared to that of the BTS extract after administration for 28 days. Glycyrrhizic acid (0.89% [w/w]) and 0.046%(w/w) sennoside AB calcium salt ameliorated the anti‐obesity activity of BTS with glycyrrhiza removed and rhubarb removed eight days after administration, respectively. Geniposide (0.78% [w/w]) and 0.16% (w/w) ephedrine hydrochloride ameliorated the anti‐obesity and fat‐loss activity of BTS with gardenia removed and with ephedra removed respectively after administration for 28 days.ConclusionGlycyrrhiza, rhubarb, gardenia, ephedra and mirabilite were the active components responsible for the effect of BTS. Glycyrrhizic acid and sennoside AB induced the early phase while geniposide and ephedrine hydrochloride induced the later phase of the anti‐obesity activity of BTS.
Coal power in China: A multi‐level perspective review
Authors: Zhang Haonan , Zhang Xingping , Yuan Jiahai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChina's coal‐fired power industry is undergoing a fundamental transformation. From a historical perspective, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of the coal power sector in China, to understand the cause of the transition and where its future lies. Through the interactions among landscape, regime and niches, China's coal‐fired power industry has developed cleaner and more efficient, which positively mitigated the local pollution. Yet the decarbonization in the power sector is unsatisfactory. Due to its dominating role and nature of high‐carbon emitting, the coal power sector has always been a big challenge during China's climate actions. Although the goal of peaking carbon emissions by 2030 demonstrates China's ambitions, expanding coal‐fired power generation capacity hinders climate change mitigation and low‐carbon transition. In this regard, we discuss the guidelines for the future high‐quality coal‐fired power development to provide recommendations for policy‐makers and industry stakeholders. China's coal power sector should commit to the vision of deep decarbonization by 2050.This article is categorized under:
Energy and Climate > Economics and Policy
Fossil Fuels > Climate and Environment
Energy Policy and Planning > Climate and Environment
Wastewater treatment, reuse, and disposal‐associated effects on environment and health
Authors: Choudri B. S. , Al‐Awadhi Talal , Charabi Yassine , Al‐Nasiri Noura 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the review of the literature published in the year 2019 related to treatment and reuse of wastewater and effects on the environment and human health. The scientific review on the treatment and reuse of wastewaters is divided into various sections in the paper. The review sections cover wastewater management, reuse, removal of microorganisms, and chemical constituents. Besides, the review also covers research focused on wastewater treatment plants, disposal, and the management of wastewater sludge as well as biosolids in the environment.Practitioner pointsThis paper highlights the review of scientific literature published in the year 2019.Review provide issues related to health risks associated with human and the general environment on the reuse of wastewater, treatment as well as disposal.The literature review covers selected papers relevant to the topic.
Adaptation of Small-Scale Tea and Coffee Farmers in Kenya to Climate Change
Authors: Karuri Alice Nyawira 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe adverse effect of climate change on agriculture is well-documented and is a cause of concern for governments globally. In addition to concerns over food crop production, the economies of numerous developing countries rely heavily on cash crops. The coffee and tea sectors are key in Kenya’s economy, contributing significantly to the gross domestic product, foreign exchange, and the direct or indirect employment of millions. Farmers engaged in the production of coffee and tea are predominantly small-scale farmers, with the majority farming on less than five acres. Climate change poses a threat to the production of these two crops and by extension to the economy of Kenya and the livelihood of farmers and those employed in these sectors. This study identifies the challenges posed by climate change in the tea and coffee sectors, the adaptation and mitigation measures identified, and the scope of their implementation. The production, processing, and marketing of tea and coffee in Kenya differs widely in terms of the institutions and institutional arrangements in the two sectors. This study will therefore analyze the role played by institutions in both sectors and how this affects climate change adaptation and mitigation measures by small-scale farmers.
Hope in Health Care: A Synthesis of Review Studies
Authors: Olsman Erik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this study were (1) to provide an overview of review studies on hope in health care, and to describe (2) conceptualizations of hope, (3) antecedents and consequences of hope, and (4) ethical topics related to hope. Electronic databases were searched and 73 review studies were selected and thematically analyzed. Hope was conceptualized as (a) an expectation: appraisal of a future outcome, (b) resilience: endurance of adversity, and (c) a desire: expression of meaning. Opposite concepts to hope were fear/anxiety, hopelessness, despair, and depression. Inspiring relationships, particularly relationships with peers, were an important factor that increased hope in patients. Losses, like the loss of health or (inspiring) relationships, had a negative impact on hope. Also, hope had effects on motivation for change and making decisions. The ethics of hope was addressed in palliative care, where health care providers wanted to maintain patients’ hope while being honest or realistic. In conclusion, this chapter offers an overview of hope in health care and offers conceptual clarification, including ethical issues related to hope. Future studies should broaden the ethics of hope by including other values than realism and they should include the hope of health care providers.
Neural network-based top tagger with two-point energy correlations and geometry of soft emissions
Authors: Chakraborty Amit , Lim Sung Hak , Nojiri Mihoko M. , Takeuchi Michihisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDeep neural networks trained on jet images have been successful in classifying different kinds of jets. In this paper, we identify the crucial physics features that could reproduce the classification performance of the convolutional neural network in the top jet vs. QCD jet classification. We design a neural network that considers two types of sub-structural features: two-point energy correlations, and the IRC unsafe counting variables of a morphological analysis of jet images. The new set of IRC unsafe variables can be described by Minkowski functionals from integral geometry. To integrate these features into a single framework, we reintroduce two-point energy correlations in terms of a graph neural network and provide the other features to the network afterward. The network shows a comparable classification performance to the convolutional neural network. Since both networks are using IRC unsafe features at some level, the results based on simulations are often dependent on the event generator choice. We compare the classification results of Pythia 8 and Herwig 7, and a simple reweighting on the distribution of IRC unsafe features reduces the difference between the results from the two simulations.
Transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions up to N3LL from Drell-Yan data
Authors: Bacchetta Alessandro , Bertone Valerio , Bissolotti Chiara , Bozzi Giuseppe , Delcarro Filippo , Piacenza Fulvio , Radici Marco 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present an extraction of unpolarised Transverse-Momentum-Dependent Parton Distribution Functions based on Drell-Yan production data from different experiments, including those at the LHC, and spanning a wide kinematic range. We deal with experimental uncertainties by properly taking into account correlations. We include resummation of logarithms of the transverse momentum of the vector boson up to N3LL order, and we include non-perturbative contributions. These ingredients allow us to obtain a remarkable agreement with the data.
The association of loneliness after sudden bereavement with risk of suicide attempt: a nationwide survey of bereaved adults
Authors: Pitman Alexandra L. , King Michael B. , Marston Louise , Osborn David P. J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to test the hypothesis that among people who experience sudden bereavement, loneliness is associated with post-bereavement suicide attempt and post-bereavement suicidal ideation, even when adjusting for network size.MethodsWe analysed cross-sectional data collected in the 2010 UCL Bereavement Study, to identify 3193 respondents who had experienced sudden bereavement. We used multivariable logistic regression to test for an association between loneliness (using a newly-developed eight-item loneliness measure) and post-bereavement suicide attempt and suicidal ideation, adjusting for socio-demographic factors, pre-bereavement depression and self-harm, and network size.ResultsAmong bereaved adults, loneliness was significantly associated with probability of post-bereavement suicide attempt (AOR 1.19; 95% CI 1.14–1.25) and of post-bereavement suicidal ideation (AOR 1.24; 95% CI 1.20–1.28), with estimates unchanged by adding perceived stigma of the bereavement to adjusted models. There was no association between suicide bereavement and loneliness (adjusted coefficient 0.22; 95% CI − 0.12 to 0.45;p = 0.063). The association of loneliness and suicide attempt risk was similar whether participants were bereaved by suicide or not.ConclusionsPeople who report feeling lonely after sudden bereavement are more likely to make a suicide attempt after their loss, even when taking into account their network size and the perceived stigma of the sudden bereavement. There is no evidence that the effects of loneliness on suicidality are specific to suicide bereavement. This work identifies loneliness as a potential target for suicide prevention interventions among bereaved people. It also fuels interest in longitudinal research investigating loneliness as a putative mediator of suicide risk.
The combined global gravity field model XGM2019e
Authors: Zingerle P. , Pail R. , Gruber T. , Oikonomidou X. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractXGM2019e is a combined global gravity field model represented by spheroidal harmonics up to degree and order (d/o) 5399, corresponding to a spatial resolution of 2′ (~ 4 km). As data sources, it includes the satellite model GOCO06s in the longer wavelength range up to d/o 300 combined with a ground gravity grid which also covers the shorter wavelengths. The ground data consist over land and ocean of gravity anomalies provided by courtesy of NGA (15′ resolution, identical to XGM2016) augmented with topographically derived gravity information over land (EARTH2014). Over the oceans, gravity anomalies derived from satellite altimetry are used (DTU13 with a resolution of 1′). The combination of the satellite data with the ground gravity observations is performed by using full normal equations up to d/o 719 (15′). Beyond d/o 719, a block-diagonal least squares solution is calculated for the high-resolution ground gravity data (from topography and altimetry). All calculations are performed in the spheroidal harmonic domain. In the spectral band up to d/o 719, the new model shows a slightly improved behaviour in the magnitude of a few mm RMS over land as compared to preceding models such as XGM2016, EIGEN6c4 or EGM2008 when validated with independent geoid information derived from GNSS/levelling. Over land and in the spectral range above d/o 719, the accuracy of XGM2019e marginally suffers from the sole use of topographic forward modelling, and geoid differences at GNSS/levelling stations are increased in the order of several mm RMS in well-surveyed areas, such as the US and Europe, compared to models containing real gravity data over their entire spectrum, e.g. EIGEN6c4 or EGM2008. However, GNSS/levelling validation also indicates that the performance of XGM2019e can be considered as globally more consistent and independent of existing high-resolution global models. Over the oceans, the model exhibits an enhanced performance (equal or better than preceding models), which is confirmed by comparison of the MDT’s computed from CNES/CLS 2015 mean sea surface and the high-resolution geoid models. The MDT based on XGM2019e shows fewer artefacts, particularly in the coastal regions, and fits globally better to DTU17MDT which is considered as an independent reference MDT.
Accuracy and practical aspects of semi- and fully automatic segmentation methods for resected brain areas
Authors: Gau Karin , Schmidt Charlotte S. M. , Urbach Horst , Zentner Josef , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , Kaller Christoph P. , Foit Niels Alexander 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposePrecise segmentation of brain lesions is essential for neurological research. Specifically, resection volume estimates can aid in the assessment of residual postoperative tissue, e.g. following surgery for glioma. Furthermore, behavioral lesion-symptom mapping in epilepsy relies on accurate delineation of surgical lesions. We sought to determine whether semi- and fully automatic segmentation methods can be applied to resected brain areas and which approach provides the most accurate and cost-efficient results.MethodsWe compared a semi-automatic (ITK-SNAP) with a fully automatic (lesion_GNB) method for segmentation of resected brain areas in terms of accuracy with manual segmentation serving as reference. Additionally, we evaluated processing times of all three methods. We used T1w, MRI-data of epilepsy patients (n = 27; 11 m; mean age 39 years, range 16–69) who underwent temporal lobe resections (17 left).ResultsThe semi-automatic approach yielded superior accuracy (p < 0.001) with a median Dice similarity coefficient (mDSC) of 0.78 and a median average Hausdorff distance (maHD) of 0.44 compared with the fully automatic approach (mDSC 0.58, maHD 1.32). There was no significant difference between the median percent volume difference of the two approaches (p > 0.05). Manual segmentation required more human input (30.41 min/subject) and therefore inferring significantly higher costs than semi- (3.27 min/subject) or fully automatic approaches (labor and cost approaching zero).ConclusionSemi-automatic segmentation offers the most accurate results in resected brain areas with a moderate amount of human input, thus representing a viable alternative compared with manual segmentation, especially for studies with large patient cohorts.
The Optimal Feeding Enterostomy Creation During Esophagectomy to Reduce the Long‐Term Risk of Small Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Otake Reiko , Okamura Akihiko , Kanamori Jun , Takahashi Keita , Ushida Yuta , Imamura Yu , Mine Shinji , Watanabe Masayuki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough feeding jejunostomy (FJ) is commonly created during esophagectomy for postoperative enteral nutrition, it can be a cause of postoperative small bowel obstruction (SBO). We introduced a technique of feeding enterostomy using the round ligament of the liver (FERL) to reduce SBO. In this study, we aimed to clarify the efficacy of FERL in reducing the postoperative SBO compared with FJ.MethodsWe assessed 400 consecutive patients who underwent esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction between 2011 and 2016, before and after the introduction of FERL (FJ, n = 200; FERL, n = 200). The cumulative incidences of postoperative SBO and SBO associated with feeding enterostomy were compared between the FJ and the FERL groups.ResultsThoracoscopic and laparoscopic surgery was more frequent in the FERL group than in the FJ group (p < 0.001). The cumulative incidences of postoperative SBO and SBO associated with feeding enterostomy in the FERL group were significantly less frequent than those in the FJ group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). When stratifying by the abdominal surgical approach, the cumulative incidences of postoperative SBO and SBO associated with feeding enterostomy in a laparoscopic approach were less frequent in the FERL group than those in the FJ group (both p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe FERL technique can reduce the incidences of postoperative SBO and SBO associated with feeding enterostomy in patients undergoing esophagectomy.