bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the link between facial affect recognition and violent offending: A comparison between web‐recruited volunteers with histories of violent and non‐violent offending
Authors: Clark C. Brendan , Armstrong Jacob , Ballout Mouhamad Houssein , Ewy Ryley 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe link between facial affect recognition and criminal justice involvement has been extensively researched, yet there are virtually no data on the capacity for facial affect recognition in post‐incar+cerated individuals, and the results of many studies are limited due to a narrow focus on psychopathy rather than offence category.AimsTo test the first hypothesis that individuals reporting a history of a violent offence would show a deficit in facial affect recognition and the second hypothesis that the violent offender's deficit would be exclusive to recognition of negative expressions, not affecting positive or neutral expressions.MethodPost‐incarcerated individuals (N = 298) were recruited online through Qualtrics and completed questionnaires assessing their criminal justice background and demographics. They completed measures of facial affect recognition, anxiety and depression, and components of aggression.ResultsA logistic regression, including sex, ethnicity, age and years of education and depression/anxiety scores, indicated that committing a violent offence was independently associated with lower facial affect recognition scores as well as male gender and a trait‐based propensity towards physical aggression, but no other co‐variable. These data provided no evidence that this deficit was specific to negative emotions.Conclusions and implications for future research/practiceOur study is one of the first to examine facial affect recognition in a post‐incarcerated sample. It suggests that deficits in facial affect recognition, already well documented among violent prisoners, persist. While acknowledging that these may be relatively fixed characteristics, this study also suggests that, for these people, nothing happening during their imprisonment was touching this. Improving capacity in facial affect recognition should be considered as a target of intervention for violent offenders, developing or revising in‐prison programmes as required.
Progressive growth of coronary aneurysms after bioresorbable vascular scaffold implantation: Successful treatment with OCT‐guided exclusion using covered stents
Authors: Fabbiocchi Franco , Calligaris Giuseppe , Bartorelli Antonio L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe development and progressive enlargement over time of multiple saccular coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) after implantation of everolimus‐eluting stent and bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) have been reported. CAA was successfully excluded by two overlapped covered stents expanded inside a long metallic drug‐eluting stent to avoid dislodgment at the overlap point. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was repeatedly performed to monitor CAA expansion and to guide treatment through precise measurement of aneurysm length and vessel size at the landing zone. At 10‐month follow‐up, coronary computed tomography angiography showed persistent CAA exclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this technique to exclude a long CCA segment.
Thoracoscopic retrieval of an intrapulmonary sewing needle: A case report
Authors: Messaoudi Houssem , Ben Ismail Imen , Ragmoun Wafa , Lahdhili Hatem , Hachicha Saber , Chenik Slim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe intrathoracic sewing needle is an exceedingly rare condition mildly documented in the literature. Given the needle's tendency to migrate, it must be removed as soon as possible, and the minimally invasive technique should be tried first.
Preparation of Aqueous Nanodispersions of Disperse Dye by High‐Gravity Technology and Spray Drying
Authors: Yin Xiong , Xu Wei-Feng , Pu Yuan , Zhai Jing , Wang Dan , Wang Jie-Xin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDisperse dyes are poorly water‐soluble and difficult to stably disperse in an aqueous medium, which greatly limits their application in dyeing synthetic fibers. Micronization can solve this problem. Herein, a facile way to prepare stable aqueous nanodispersions of disperse dye (C.I. disperse yellow 54) is presented by combining high‐gravity antisolvent precipitation in a rotating packed bed (RPB) with spray drying. The as‐prepared product had an average particle size of 120 nm, which could be readily redispersed in water. Compared with raw dye, the wettability and dispersibility of disperse dye nanoparticles were remarkably improved. Furthermore, the dyeing properties of the nanodispersions were obviously better than those of the commercial dye, which was micronized by ball milling.
Optimal Design Issues of a Methanol Synthesis Reactor from CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Rafiee Ahmad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMethanol production through CO2 hydrogenation was investigated in a series of fixed‐bed reactors. Staging of the reactor into several smaller reactors is considered to enhance methanol production, in addition to maximizing a measure of annual profit. The degrees of freedom of the reactor system are the number of stages, the cooling medium temperature, the heat transfer area, and the volume of the stages. Depending on the objective function (OF) criteria, staging of the reactor increases the OF values to various extents. When the objective is to maximize the methanol production, the OF of a three‐stage reactor system with an inlet H2/CO2 ratio of 2 is 2.61 % higher than in the single‐stage configuration. Staging of the reactor also increases the synthesis gas conversion to methanol. However, if maximizing the annual profit is the objective, the profitability of the two‐stage configuration is 2.05 % greater than in the case with one reactor, due to the higher methanol production of the staged reaction system.
Structural Effects of HZSM‐5 Zeolite on Methanol‐to‐Propylene Reaction
Authors: Jami Shahira Islamdoost , Nakhaei Pour Ali , Mohammadi Ali , Kamali Shahri Seyed Mehdi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractZSM‐5 zeolite was synthesized using n‐butylamine as a template under hydrothermal conditions. The morphology of the prepared zeolites was changed with the initial gel composition. The influences of OH−/template and H2O/template ratios on the morphology, mesoporosity, acid properties, and crystal size of the synthesized zeolites were evaluated, also the structural effects of the prepared zeolites on the catalytic performances of the methanol‐to‐propylene process. Increasing the external surface area and mesopore volume of the catalysts improved the propylene selectivity. A direct relationship between the deactivation of catalysts and their acidic properties was found. The results were derived from laboratory data and need to be re‐examined on a larger scale to ensure their accuracy on an industrial scale.
A Potent Mimetic of the Siglec‐8 Ligand 6’‐Sulfo‐Sialyl Lewisx
Authors: Kroezen Blijke S. , Conti Gabriele , Girardi Benedetta , Cramer Jonathan , Jiang Xiaohua , Rabbani Said , Müller Jennifer , Kokot Maja , Luisoni Enrico , Ricklin Daniel , Schwardt Oliver , Ernst Beat 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSiglecs are members of the immunoglobulin gene family containing sialic acid binding N‐terminal domains. Among them, Siglec‐8 is expressed on various cell types of the immune system such as eosinophils, mast cells and weakly on basophils. Cross‐linking of Siglec‐8 with monoclonal antibodies triggers apoptosis in eosinophils and inhibits degranulation of mast cells, making Siglec‐8 a promising target for the treatment of eosinophil‐ and mast cell‐associated diseases such as asthma. The tetrasaccharide 6’‐sulfo‐sialyl Lewisx has been identified as a specific Siglec‐8 ligand in glycan array screening. Here, we describe an extended study enlightening the pharmacophores of 6’‐sulfo‐sialyl Lewisx and the successful development of a high‐affinity mimetic. Retaining the neuraminic acid core, the introduction of a carbocyclic mimetic of the Gal moiety and a sulfonamide substituent in the 9‐position gave a 20‐fold improved binding affinity. Finally, the residence time, which usually is the Achilles tendon of carbohydrate/lectin interactions, could be improved.
Aromatic Linkers Unleash the Antiproliferative Potential of 3‐Chloropiperidines Against Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Helbing Tim , Carraro Caterina , Francke Alexander , Sosic Alice , De Franco Michele , Gandin Valentina , Göttlich Richard , Gatto Barbara 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of a set of bis‐3‐chloropiperidines (B−CePs) containing rigid aromatic linker structures. A modification of the synthetic strategy also enabled the synthesis of a pilot tris‐3‐chloropiperidine (Tri‐CeP) bearing three reactive meta‐chloropiperidine moieties on the aromatic scaffold. A structure–reactivity relationship analysis of B−CePs suggests that the arrangement of the reactive units affects the DNA alkylating activity, while also revealing correlations between the electron density of the aromatic system and the reactivity with biologically relevant nucleophiles, both on isolated DNA and in cancer cells. Interestingly, all aromatic 3‐chloropiperidines exhibited a marked cytotoxicity and tropism for 2D and 3D cultures of pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, the new aromatic 3‐chloropiperidines appear to be promising contenders for further development of mustard‐based anticancer agents aimed at pancreatic cancers.
Material deprivation and access to cancer care in a universal health care system
Authors: Davis Laura E. , Coburn Natalie G. , Hallet Julie , Earle Craig C. , Liu Ying , Myrehaug Sten , Mahar Alyson L. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe role of socioeconomic factors as determinants of oncology consultations for advanced cancers in public payer health care systems is unknown. This study examined the association between material deprivation and receipt of cancer care among patients with advanced gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.MethodsThis was a population‐based, retrospective cohort study of noncuratively treated patients with GI cancer diagnosed from 2007 to 2017. Material deprivation, representing income, quality of housing, education, and family structure, was defined as quintiles on the basis of 2016 census data. The first consultation with a radiation oncologist or medical oncologist and the receipt of 1 or more instances of radiation and/or chemotherapy were measured in the year after diagnosis. Adjusted, cause‐specific Cox proportional hazards competing risk analyses were used (competing event = death).ResultsThis study included 34,022 noncuratively treated patients with GI cancer. Consultation rates ranged from 67.8% for those in the most materially deprived communities to 73.5% for those in the least materially deprived communities. Among those with a consult, rates of cancer‐directed therapy ranged from 58.5% for patients in the most materially deprived communities to 62.3% for patients in the least materially deprived communities. Patients living in the most materially deprived communities were significantly less likely to see a radiation and/or medical oncologist after a diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85‐0.92) and significantly less likely to receive radiation and/or chemotherapy (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.76‐0.85) than those living in the least materially deprived communities.ConclusionsThis study identified socioeconomic disparities in accessing cancer care. Continued efforts at examining and developing evidence‐based policies for interventions that begin before or at the time of oncologist consultation are required to address root causes of inequities.
Diborane Concatenation Leads to New Planar Boron Chemistry
Authors: Oliva‐Enrich Josep M. , Kondo Takahiro , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José , Klein Douglas J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDiborane has long been realized to be analogous to ethylene in terms of its bonding MOs, both as to symmetries and splitting patterns. This naturally suggests an investigation to see whether other similar conjugated hydrocarbons manifest a similar boron‐substituted and H2 supplemented borane. That is, for a conjugated hydrocarbon structure with a neighbor‐paired resonance pattern, we propose to look at boranes where each carbon atom is replaced by a boron atom, and an H‐atom pair is added to each double bond of the resonance structure, with one H above the molecular plane and one below. This construction of concatenated diboranes is uniformly different than that for the previously known stable boranes of 4 or more B atoms. We find from quantum‐chemical computations that our so constructed polyboranes are stable. All this suggests a possible novel new chapter in borane chemistry – a chapter with some promise of understandings related to that for (alternant) conjugated hydrocarbons.
The moderating role of externalizing problems on the association between anxiety and the error‐related negativity in youth
Authors: Suor Jennifer H. , Granros Maria , Kujawa Autumn , Fitzgerald Kate D. , Monk Christopher S. , Phan K Luan , Burkhouse Katie L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe error‐related negativity (ERN) is an event‐related potential that reflects error monitoring. Enhanced ERN indicates sensitivity to performance errors and is a correlate of anxiety disorders. In contrast, youth with externalizing problems exhibit a reduced ERN, suggesting decreased error monitoring. Anxiety and externalizing problems commonly co‐occur in youth, but no studies have tested how comorbidity might modulate the ERN. In a sample of youth (N = 46, ages 7–19) with and without anxiety disorders, this preliminary study examined the interactive effect of anxiety and externalizing problems on ERN. Results suggest that externalizing problems moderate the relation between anxiety symptoms and ERN in youth. Anxious youth with less externalizing problems exhibited enhanced ERN response to errors. Conversely, anxious youth with greater externalizing problems demonstrated diminished ERN in response to errors. The regions of significance and proportion affected tests indicated that the moderating the effect of externalizing problems was only significant for youth with anxiety disorders. Findings suggest that enhanced neural error sensitivity could be a specific neurophysiological marker for anxiety disorders, whereas anxious individuals with comorbid externalizing problems demonstrate reduced error monitoring, similar to those with primary externalizing pathology. Results underscore the utility of examining neural correlates of pediatric anxiety comorbidity subtypes.
CreLite: An optogenetically controlled Cre/loxP system using red light
Authors: Yen Shuo‐Ting , Trimmer Kenneth A. , Aboul‐Fettouh Nader , Mullen Rachel D. , Culver James C. , Dickinson Mary E. , Behringer Richard R. , Eisenhoffer George T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrecise manipulation of gene expression with temporal and spatial control is essential for functional analysis and determining cell lineage relationships in complex biological systems. The cyclic recombinase (Cre)‐loxP system is commonly used for gene manipulation at desired times and places. However, specificity is dependent on the availability of tissue‐ or cell‐specific regulatory elements used in combination with Cre. Here, we present CreLite, an optogenetically controlled Cre system using red light in developing zebrafish embryos.ResultsCre activity is disabled by splitting Cre and fusing with the Arabidopsis thaliana red light‐inducible binding partners, PhyB and PIF6. Upon red light illumination, the PhyB‐CreC and PIF6‐CreN fusion proteins come together in the presence of the cofactor phycocyanobilin (PCB) to restore Cre activity. Red light exposure of zebrafish embryos harboring a Cre‐dependent multicolor fluorescent protein reporter injected with CreLite mRNAs and PCB resulted in Cre activity as measured by the generation of multispectral cell labeling in several different tissues.ConclusionsOur data show that CreLite can be used for gene manipulations in whole embryos or small groups of cells at different developmental stages, and suggests CreLite may also be useful for temporal and spatial control of gene expression in cell culture, ex vivo organ culture, and other animal models.
Ecological and evolutionary factors of intraspecific variation in inducible defenses: Insights gained from Daphnia experiments
Authors: Nagano Mariko , Doi Hideyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhenotypic variation among individuals and species is a fundamental principle of natural selection. In this review, we focus on numerous experiments involving the model species Daphnia (Crustacea) and categorize the factors, especially secondary ones, affecting intraspecific variations in inducible defense. Primary factors, such as predator type and density, determine the degree to which inducible defense expresses and increases or decreases. Secondary factors, on the other hand, act together with primary factors to inducible defense or without primary factors on inducible defense. The secondary factors increase intraspecies variation in inducible defense, and thus, the level of adaptation of organisms varies within species. Future research will explore the potential for new secondary factors, as well as the relative importance between factors needs to be clarified.
Visualizing connectivity of ecological and evolutionary concepts—An exploration of research on plant species rarity
Authors: Wiegand Thomas P. , Gentry Braley , McCoy Zachary , Tanis Craig , Klug Hope , Bonsall Michael B. , Boyd Jennifer Nagel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the ecological and evolutionary factors that influence species rarity has important theoretical and applied implications, yet the reasons why some species are rare while others are common remain unresolved. As a novel exploration of scientific knowledge, we used network analysis conceptually to visualize the foci of a comprehensive base of >800 studies on plant species rarity within the context of ecology and evolution. In doing so, we highlight existing research strengths that could substantiate novel syntheses and gaps that could inspire new research. Our results reveal strong integrated foci on population dynamics with other ecological concepts. In contrast, despite the potential for ecological and evolutionary processes to interact, few studies explored the interplay of environmental factors and microevolutionary patterns. The cellular and molecular biology, physiology, and plasticity of rare plant species within both ecological and evolutionary contexts similarly provide avenues for impactful future investigations.
Disentangling dimensions of phytochemical diversity: alpha and beta have contrasting effects on an insect herbivore
Authors: Glassmire Andrea E. , Zehr Luke N. , Wetzel William C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhytochemical diversity is comprised of two main dimensions—the average (alpha) within‐plant neighbors or the difference (beta) in the composition of chemicals between plant neighbors. Research, however, has primarily examined the consequences of phytochemical diversity on herbivore performance through a single dimension, even though diversity is multidimensional. Furthermore, the ecological role of phytochemical diversity is not well understood because each of these dimensions exhibits unique biological effects on herbivore performance. Therefore, it has been difficult to tease apart the relative importance of alpha and beta chemical diversities on plant–herbivore interactions. We experimentally manipulated alpha and beta diversities along a chemical gradient to disentangle the relative effects of these dimensions on the performance of a mobile generalist herbivore, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), using 16 genotypes from the Solanum pennellii introgression lines. First, we found contrasting effects of alpha and beta diversities on herbivore performance. Second, when comparing diversity across and within chemical classes, herbivore performance was reduced when plant neighbors had greater diversity within chemical classes that are biologically inhibiting at higher quantities (i.e., quantitative defenses such as phenolics and acyl sugars). However, herbivore performance was enhanced when plant neighbors had higher levels of chemical classes that are biologically toxic (i.e., qualitative defenses such as alkaloids). Finally, herbivores performed better on plant dicultures compared to monocultures, and performance was positively associated with plant dicultures only when there were high levels of average alpha diversity within plant neighbors. Our results suggest T. ni generalist caterpillars do better when plant neighbors are chemically different because differences provide options for them to choose or to switch between plants to balance chemical uptake. Overall, herbivores interact with a large diversity of plant chemicals at multiple scales, and our results indicate that not all chemical diversity is equal: specific dimensions of phytochemical diversity have unique effects on the dynamics of herbivore performance.
Cities and the governance framing of climate change
Authors: Díaz‐Pont Joana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe article examines cross‐discourse of the EuropeanMobilityWeek (EMW) campaign launched at the European level and analyses how it is adapted in six European cities. The objective is to unveil a governance framing that unmasks how cities shape their climate leadership discourse according to their governance aspirations and capacity. By looking at the adaptations across cities' discourses, this research acknowledges the need to confront the limitations and challenges that cities encounter to effectively contribute to global climate governance. It suggests that a governance framing exposes these challenges by showing the different realities of cities when they highlight particular governance modes in their discourse. The methodology combines critical discourse analysis and corpus techniques to analyse a total of 18 campaigns in different temporal, geographical and political contexts. EMW's discourse issued at European level is used as the reference corpus to examine how cities reframe their discourse by weakening or strengthening two governance modes characterised as an action‐taking approach that focuses on the steering role of government, and a decision‐making approach that highlights the city's interdependencies in a societal context. Learning more about discourse as a vindicator of governance modes in urban climate governance can contribute to a better understanding of how climate transitions are actually put into practise. The research suggests that climate leadership attributed to cities is in fact a complex and dynamic reality that has to be cautiously examined in order to understand the challenges of climate transitions.