bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the challenges facing re-entry of women ex-offenders in Nyeri County, Kenya
Authors: Muthee John Mbai , Adeli M , Barasa Francis O. 
Published: July 2020

The comparative rate of women entering the formal correctional system and serving custodial sentences, both in prison and prison remand awaiting trial, is on the increase. This is accompanied by a similarly increasing number of women eventually exiting prisons annually. This study investigated the challenges influencing reentry of women ex-offenders in Nyeri County, Kenya. The study specifically investigated the effects of not addressing the challenges identified for women returning from prison in Nyeri County especially challenges connected to housing, employment, relationships, drug, and substance abuse as well as mental health after incarceration. This was a qualitative study adopting a phenomenological design. The site and respondents were purposively selected with snowballing being used to select the respondents to the point of saturation. This study made use of 41 women ex-convicts, 3 FGDs, and 9 key informants. Data were collected by use of semi-structured interview schedules. Results indicated that ex-offenders face various challenges upon release from prison. The effects of these challenges when not addressed the impact the individual self, their family, the community, and predisposed the ex-convicts to a high propensity for recidivism. Based on the findings it is suggested that the use of community corrections, adjusting prison training to market needs, and the use of victim-offender mediation can be better alternatives to incarceration.
A systematic review of leadership styles, work engagement and organizational support
Authors: Mehrad Aida , Fernández-Castro Jordi , González Gómez de Olmedo Maria Pau 
Published: July 2020

Work engagement is one of the critical factors at an organization, so considering some factors such as leadership styles and organizational support is important. Lack of attention to these factors can lead to undesirable environments for workers. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review based on these variables. Data for this research were gathered from databases of Web of Knowledge, psycarticles, Scopus, psycinfo, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. A total of 165 records were identified in databases. 15 records were discovered in other sources. 149 records remained after deleting duplicates. 117 of these records were examined, 52 registers excluded. 65 complete articles were chosen to be evaluated, and after 10 completed articles had been excluded, 55 studies ultimately remained for inclusion in the synthesis. Overall, leadership styles (transformational leadership and transactional leadership) and organizational support were found as two imperative organizational factors to access better outcomes at the workplace.
Determinants of small and medium enterprises with the interaction effect of managerial activities
Authors: Khan Muhammad Asif , Burki Marium 
Published: July 2020

The financial system and capital market in developed countries are more developed as compare to emerging countries. Firms like small and medium enterprise (SMEs) needs finance to operate their business and make a competitive position in the market. In an emerging country like Pakistan, SMEs face a lot of financial and non-financial obstacles that may relate to the poor performance of SMEs. This study investigates the relationship between commercial loans, retain earnings, trade credit, managerial activities, and SME's performance. This study also investigates the interaction effect of managerial activities between independent variables and dependent variables. A survey was conducted in a small and medium enterprise of KPK Pakistan. Data were collected from 362 employees. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software was employed for data analysis for descriptive and regression analysis. The finding confirmed that commercial loans, trade credit, retained earning have a positive and significant impact upon SME's performance. It is also found that managerial activities have played a mediating role and increased the performance of SMEs. Among variables under study, the more trade credit activities, the higher the performance of the SMEs is observed. Based on this study's results, Leaders, supervisors, and managers are those employees having a substantial role in the performance, development, failure, and success of an organization. Managerial activities are vital for a manager for the purpose to know what should be done in different circumstances and improve overall performance and accomplish organizational goals.
Effects of hazard analysis and critical control points principles on food safety at national youth service in Nakuru County, Kenya
Authors: Onesmus Ndaramu Gitu , Makopondo Richard , Kariuki Ann , Muchiri Mary 
Published: July 2020

This study examined the effect of hazard analysis and critical control points principles on food safety at the National Youth Service in Nakuru County; Kenya. Application of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point, HACCP) principle in food production and service areas is a requirement especially in all food handling stages, Successful implementation of the procedures based on the HACCP principles requires the full cooperation and commitment of food handlers’ requiring employees to undergo training. Food safety plays a significant role in the economic and health development of Nations by safeguarding the nation‘s health, enhancing tourism, hospitality, and international trade, the production, distribution, and consumption of safe food. The scope of the study was limited to NYS Catering unit kitchens in Gilgil College. The findings explain the hygiene and safety practices of other Academic kitchens in Kenya. The study adopted a mixed research methodology, this study adopted a census method; the reason being the total population was 121. The response from the quantitative data from the questionnaires was tabulated, coded, and processed by use of the statistical package for social sciences Data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. From the findings, the R and R2 value representing the simple correlation summary showed that 16.6 percent of HACCP principles can be explained by variance in food safety. ANOVA results showed that the model applied was statistically significant to predict the outcome variable. The study also concludes that food-hygiene operating procedure that is documented and awareness too that food safety inspections by health inspectors help to ensure safe food handling practices are followed.
The Form of Religious Community Activities at Kelayan B as a Learning Resources on Social Studies
Authors: Mahfuzah Mahfuzah , Subiyakto Bambang , Putra Muhammad Adhitya Hidayat 
Published: July 2020

Pembelajaran IPS akan lebih kontekstual ketika memanfaatkan kehidupan sosial masyarakat, salah satunya adalah berkaitan dengan kegiatan keagamaan. Pada kehidupan sosial masyarakat tidak akan lepas dari adanya kegiatan keagamaan. Begitu Pula pada masyarakat di Kelayan B, Kota Banjarmasin. Tujuan penelitian mendeskripsikan bentuk kegiatan keagamaan masyarakat Kelayan B, serta relevansinya sebagai sumber belajar IPS. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode deskriptif. Observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi digunakan sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data, sedangkan uji keabsahan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi, yaitu triangulasi sumber dan perpanjangan waktu penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk kegiatan keagamaan masyarakat Kelayan B terdiri dari kegiatan yang rutin dilaksanakan setiap hari yaitu salat berjamaah dan TPQ “MIN Kelayan”, setiap minggu yaitu arisan atau yasinan ibu-ibu dan yasinan bapak-bapak serta kegiatan setiap tahun yaitu Idul Fitri, Idul Adha dan maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW. Kegiatan keagamaan masyarakat Kelayan B dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar berkaitan dengan beberapa materi pembelajaran IPS di SMP kelas VII semester I pada materi interaksi sosial dan lembaga sosial.
Adding manure and zeolite to improve soil chemical properties and increase soybean yield
Authors: Minardi Slamet , Haniati Isna Luthfa , Nastiti Alif Husna Lantip 
Published: July 2020

Increasing domestic soybean production is an important part of the effort to reduce reliance on imports. One potential area for improvement is developing soybean crops in Alfisols. Alfisols require intensive effort due to their poor soil chemical properties. Manure and zeolite were proposed as candidate materials that could be used to improve soil chemical properties to support plant growth and increase the productivity of cultivated land. The experiment was designed to study the addition of manure and zeolite on soil chemical properties of Alfisols and soybean yield. The experimental design was arranged in a factorial completely randomized block design with two factors—three rates of zeolite (Z0 = 0 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, Z1 = 2.5 t ha<sup>-1</sup> and Z2 = 5 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) and three manure variables (P0 = no manure, P1 = 5 t ha<sup>-1</sup> cow manure, and P2 = 5 t ha<sup>-1</sup> quail manure)—with three replications. The results showed that a combination of 5 t ha<sup>-1</sup> zeolite and cow manure increased soybean yield. However, zeolite 5 t ha<sup>-1</sup> resulted in the greatest improvement in soil chemical properties—the highest CEC, soil organic matter percentage, and pH.
Phosphorus availability as affected by the application of organic amendments in Ultisols
Authors: Muktamar Zainal , Lifia Lifia , Adiprasetyo Teguh 
Published: July 2020

<p><span>The</span><span> adequacy and availability of phosphorous (P) in the soil during the </span><span>organic matter decomposition are important for plant growth, especially in the early stages </span><span>since most organic matter slowly release plant nutrients.</span><span> Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the availability of P during organic amendment</span><span lang="IN">s</span><span> in Ultisols</span><span>. The incubation experiment </span><span>used a completely</span><span> Randomized Design</span><span> (CRD) </span><span>for</span><span> 7 treatments</span><span> which consisted of </span><span>vermicompost, chicken, and cattle manure at the rate of 15 and 30 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>. Soil and organic amendment</span><span lang="IN">s</span><span> were incorporated in</span><span>to a</span><span> 5 kg polybag and the mixture was incubated for 7 weeks. The soil was sampled at </span><span>the</span><span> 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and </span><span>7 weeks, </span><span>and analyzed for </span><span>P availability and pH</span><span>.</span><span> Also, the </span><span>Total Soil Organic Carbon (TSOC), Total Soil Nitrogen (TSN), exchangeable Al, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) were analyzed from </span><span>the </span><span>soil sampled either at week 4 </span><span>or </span><span>7. </span><span>The result showed that P increased slowly in the first 3 weeks of incubation, followed by a drastic continuous increase in week 4. </span><span>The experiment also confirmed that chicken manure released</span><span> the highest</span><span> and fastest </span><span>amount of P to the soil as compared to vermicompost, and cattle manure. On average, the increment of P was 2.28, 1.71, and 1.97 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> week<sup>-1</sup> for chicken manure, vermicompost, and cattle manure respectively</span><span>. Furthermore, the improvement of soil chemical properties was achieved using amendment as indicated by the increase in TSN, soil pH, and </span><span>a </span><span>decrease in exchangeable Al. The result </span><span>was </span><span>significant for P organic fertilization to </span><span>en</span><span>sure its availability for plant growth, leading t</span><span>o improved productivity, especially in organic farming systems</span><span>.</span></p>
Comparing the accuracy of estimating soil moisture using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)
Authors: Ariyanto Dwi Priyo , Aziz Abdul , Komariah Komariah , Sumani Sumani , Abara Magarsa 
Published: July 2020

<span>The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) are used to monitor and identify different types of drought, including meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural droughts. This study evaluates the accuracy of estimating soil moisture levels using the two indexes. The analysis correlated the SPI and the SPEI over three years (November 2016–October 2019) using <em>Rstudio</em>, with average monthly soil moisture taken using a Soil Moisture Sensor; 3-, 6- and 12-months SPI and SPEI showed a positive correlation for soil moisture (Sig &lt;0.05), whereas 1-month SPI and SPEI results did not. A regression test was used to get an equation model for estimating soil moisture content. The correlation for soil moisture between the 1-month SPI and SPEI results was insignificant (p-value &gt;0.05). In contrast, the 3-, 6-, and 12-months indexes were significant (p-value &lt;0.05). Estimating soil moisture content using the SPEI (50–59.09%) had a higher accuracy value than the SPI (36.36%), which indicates the SPEI can more reliably predict soil moisture.</span>
Konstruksi Karakter Jujur melalui Integrasi Pendidikan Nilai dalam Kegiatan Relasi Stakeholder di SMA PGII I Bandung
Authors: Juami Ratna 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh semangat penguatan Pendidikan Karakter di lingkungan Sekolah Menengah Umum dan Madrasah Aliyah secara khusus dan lingkungan Pendidikan Formal secara umum. Degradasi moral menjadi problem utama bagi generasi muda di Indonesia terlebih lagi prilaku para pejabat public yang masih memperlihatkan trend negative prilaku korupsi yang mencerminkan sifat yang tidak amanah. Ketidakamanahan mencerminkan lemahnya pemaknaan logika relijius individu. Penelitian ini akan membongkar tahapan konstruksi karakter jujur melalui pembelajaran bahasa asing dan urgensitas peran orang tua dalam mewujudkan hal tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dan metode deskriptif-analitik. Data diperoleh melalui tahapan wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil triangulasi data signifikasi relasi emosional sangat berpengaruh terhadap konstruksi karakter jujur yang dikaji melalui paradigma psikoanalisis freud.
Vaccine uptake and associated factors in an irregular urban settlement in northeastern Brazil: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Veras Ana Amélia Corrêa de Araújo , Lima Eduardo Jorge da Fonseca , Caminha Maria de Fátima Costa , Silva Suzana Lins da , de Castro Amanda Alves Moreira , Bernardo Andressa Lílian Bezerra , Ventura Maria Lídia Amaral Barbosa , de Lira Pedro Israel Cabral , Filho Malaquias Batista 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Globally, childhood immunization saves the lives of 2-3 million children annually by protecting them against vaccine-preventable diseases. In 2017, 116.2 million children were vaccinated worldwide according to the World Health Organization. Nevertheless, figures suggest that 19.5 million children around the world fail to receive the benefits of complete immunization.Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed vaccine uptake and the factors associated with incomplete vaccination schedule in children of up to 36 months of age assisted by the family health strategy in an irregular settlement located in a state capital city in northeastern Brazil. This study was nested within a larger study entitled “Health, nutrition and healthcare services in an urban slum population in Recife, Pernambuco”, conducted in 2015. A census included 309 children, with vaccination data obtained, exclusively, from their vaccination cards records. An ad hoc database was constructed with variables of interest. Absolute and relative values were calculated for the socioeconomic, demographic, obstetric and biological data. To identify possible factors associated with incomplete vaccination schedule, crude and multivariable Poisson regression analyses were performed, and conducted in accordance with the forward selection method with robust variance and the adjusted prevalence ratio was calculated with the 95% CI. Variables with p-values <0.20 in the unadjusted stage were included in the multivariable analysis. The statistical significance of each variable was evaluated using the Wald test, with p-values <0.05. Results: Just half of the children (52,1%) was classified as complete vaccination schedule. In the final model, the factors associated with incomplete vaccination schedule were age 12-36 months and the mother who did not complete high school.Conclusion: The percentage of vaccine uptake found was far below the recommendation of the National Childhood Immunization Schedule and was associated with child’s age and mother’s education level. Based on these findings, the family healthcare teams may elaborate vaccination strategies aimed at reaching the coverage rates established by the national immunization program. Optimizing coverage will ultimately prevent the resurgence, at epidemic level, of infectious diseases that are already under control in this country.
Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency anemia in Chinese pregnant women (IRON WOMEN): a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Tan Jing , He Guolin , Qi Yana , Yang Hongmei , Xiong Yiquan , Liu Chunrong , Wang Wen , Zou Kang , Lee Andy H. , Sun Xin , Liu Xinghui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The current evidence about anemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy remains elusive in China. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of anemia and IDA and their risk factors in Chinese pregnant women.Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey of pregnant women was conducted during their antenatal visits. Using a multi-stage sampling method, 24 hospitals from 16 provinces across China were selected. Structured questionnaires were administered to collect information from participants and to extract clinical data from electronic medical records. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were performed to determine the risk factors associated with anemia and IDA.Results: In total, 12,403 pregnant women were enrolled, including 1,018 (8.2%) at the first trimester, 3,487 (28.1%) at the second, and 7,898 (63.7%) at the third. Overall, 19.8% of women were diagnosed with anemia and 13.9% were diagnosed with IDA. The prevalence of anemia and IDA varied between regions and increased by gestational month, peaking at the eighth gestational month (24.0% for anemia and 17.8% for IDA). Pregnant women at advanced stage of gestation, non-local residents, multiple gestations, multiparity, pre-pregnancy underweight, and those experiencing severe nausea or vomiting during pregnancy, were associated with higher risks of anemia and IDA.Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia and IDA during pregnancy are similar to those from developed countries and vary across regions in China.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of fruquintinib for metastatic colorectal cancer third-line treatment in China
Authors: Peng Zhi , Hou Xingduo , Huang Yangmu , Xie Tong , Hua Xinyang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: In this study, we analyze the cost-effectiveness of fruquintinib as third-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in China, especially after a recent price drop suggested by the National Healthcare Security Administration. Methods: A Markov model was developed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of fruquintinib compared to placebo among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Effectiveness was measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALY). The Chinese healthcare payer’s perspective was considered with a lifetime horizon, including direct medical cost (2019 US dollars [USD]). A willing‐to‐pay threshold was set at USD 27,130/QALY, which is three times the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. We examined the robustness of the model in one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.Results: Fruquintinib was associated with better health outcomes than placebo (0.640 vs 0.478 QALYs) with a higher cost (USD 20750.9 vs USD 12042.2), resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of USD 53508.7 per QALY. This ICER is 25% lower than the one calculated before the price drop (USD 70952.6 per QALY).Conclusion: After the price negotiation, the drug becomes cheaper and the ICER is lower, but the drug is still not cost effective under the standard of 3 times GDP willing‐to‐pay threshold. For patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in China, fruquintinib is not a cost-effective option under the current circumstances in China.
5-Hydroxytryptamine-3 Receptor Antagonist and Dexamethasone as Prophylaxis for Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting during Moderately Emetic Chemotherapy for Solid Tumors: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study
Authors: Matsui Reiko , Suzuki Kenichi , Takiguchi Tomomi , Nishio Makoto , Koike Takeshi , Hayashi Toshinobu , Seto Takashi , Kogure Yuki , Nogami Naoyuki , Fujiwara Kimiko , Kaneda Hiroyasu , Harada Tomohiko , Shimizu Satoru , Kimura Masashi , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Goto Koichi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Of patients receiving moderate emetic risk chemotherapy (MEC), 30%–90% experience chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV); however, the optimal antiemetic treatment remains controversial. Methods: In this multicenter, prospective, observational study of adults treated with MEC while receiving chemotherapy for various cancer types in Japan, the enrolled patients kept diaries documenting CINV. All participants received a 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist and dexamethasone. Results: Of the 400 patients enrolled from May 2013 to January 2015, 386 were eligible for evaluation. The median age was 64 (range, 26–84). The overall complete response (CR; no emetic events and no antiemetic measures) rate was 64%. The proportion of patients showing CR was low in the carboplatin (CBDCA)- and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy groups, especially among women. We showed that the CR rates in men were high in the CBDCA (AUC5) + etoposide (ETP) (80%), capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CAPOX) (78%), and CBDCA+ paclitaxel (PTX) groups for lung cancer (73%). Total control (TC; no emetic events, no antiemetic measures, and no nausea) and complete control (CC; no emetic events, no antiemetic measures, and less than mild nausea) were achieved in 51% and 61% of patients, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that no history of motion sickness, no history of pregnancy-associated vomiting, and non-CBDCA-based chemotherapy are independent risk factors for CR, whereas no history of motion sickness and no history of pregnancy-associated vomiting are independent risk factors for TC. Conclusion: Our data showed that two antiemetics were insufficient to control CINV in patients receiving CBDCA- or oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. However, two antiemetics may be sufficiently effective for elderly male patients receiving CBDCA (AUC5)+ETP, CBDCA+PTX for lung cancer, or CAPOX. Additionally, we consider that three antiemetics are necessary for women with colorectal cancer receiving CAPOX. Risk factor analysis related to CR showed that CINV prophylaxis in patients treated with CBDCA-based chemotherapy was generally supportive of the guideline-recommended three antiemetics. However, the control of nausea in patients receiving non-CBDCA-based chemotherapy is a key point to note. The further individualization of antiemetic regimens for patients receiving MEC based on both types of chemotherapy regimens and sex is needed.