bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Reasoning: Adapting Teaching Methods During the COVID-19 Pandemic to Meet Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Wyatt Terri , Baich Valerie A. , Buoni Charlotte A. , Watson Alison E. , Yurisic Victoria E. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted all aspects of health care, including nursing education. Senior nursing students saw the elimination of in-person clinical opportunities in the final months prior to graduation as health care facilities restricted access to essential personnel in an effort to minimize transmission of the virus and conserve personal protective equipment.

Method:
To fulfill course requirements, faculty created a COVID-19 assignment that implored students to research the most current infection control recommendations for COVID-19 and to describe the impacts of the virus on nursing care, patients, families, interdisciplinary collaboration, and public safety.

Results:
The COVID-19 assignment fostered clinical reasoning and encouraged personal reflection with application to practice. Students reported that the assignment greatly enhanced knowledge and awareness of COVID-19.

Conclusion:

This assignment was beneficial for transition to practice in the midst of a pandemic, and it can be easily replicated for any future emerging health care topic that may affect nursing education.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(1):48–51.]
Intravascular lithotripsy to treat an underexpanded coronary stent during index procedure: A case report study
Authors: Seif Sherif , Kumar Abhishek , Arya Sanjay , Karthikeyan Vellore J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractManagement of heavily calcified lesions during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is often associated with high incidence of complications and long-term adverse outcomes. There is growing evidence of the efficacy of intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) in de novo coronary lesion preparation; however, little experience has been documented within freshly deployed stent underexpansion. We report a 66-year-old male with a marked stent underexpansion despite extensive lesion preparation due to severe underlying calcification. The stent was resistant to balloon postdilatation; therefore, IVL was applied, resulting in excellent stent expansion. IVL could be considered for treating acute stent underexpansion caused by severe underlying calcification.
Evaluation of antibiotic prescribing pattern in pediatrics in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mathew Rinta , Sayyed Humera , Behera Subhashree , Maleki Keemya , Pawar Sunita 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The irrational use of antibiotics is a global issue and it can lead to morbidity, mortality, and increased health care costs. Hence, proper use of antibiotics is imperative and should be included in the pharmaceutical care plan. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prescribing pattern of antibiotics for children using WHO core prescribing indicators. Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried for 6 months in the pediatric department at a tertiary care hospital, Pune. The WHO prescribing indicators were used to evaluate the prescriptions, and the ideal WHO range was considered as a determining factor for rational prescription. Results: A total of 302 patients were included in the study, with a mean patient age of 4.92 ± 4 years. The average number of drugs per encounter was 6.12 (WHO standard is less than 2). The percentage of antibiotics prescribed was 26.3% with an average of 1.63 antibiotics per prescription. Of the 493 antibiotics, 85.59% were injectable which is higher than the WHO standard of 13.4–24.1%. A near-optimal value of 99.59% antibiotics was prescribed from the hospital formulary which is similar to WHO standards, and the antibiotics prescribed with generic names were 25.76%. The most common class of antibiotics prescribed were cephalosporins and penicillins. Conclusion: Polypharmacy, high injectable use, and non-adherence to generic prescription were common in our tertiary care center. Continuous audits, training, and new treatment protocols are recommended.
Estimating Serum Vitamin D Levels and Assessing its Influencing Factors among Antenatal Women in a South Indian Town-Kumbakonam Urban Rural Epidemiological Study
Authors: Suchitra M. R. , Shanthi T. S. , S Balachandar. , Parthasarathy S. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Adequate antenatal Vitamin D intake is essential for maternal and fetal health during pregnancy and avoidance of adverse outcomes. The normal and abnormal concentrations are not well established in the different parts of the world with varying customs in life. We intended to estimate the normal random serum Vitamin D levels among antenatal mothers in the first trimester and whether factors such as age, weight, and religion have any influence on the same.

Materials and Methods:
In this epidemiological study of 644 parturients, we collected the blood samples from asymptomatic antenatal mothers in the first trimester. A simple convenient sample of mothers on no other supplements except folate was selected. The present study was done from April 2019 to March 2020 after individual informed consent and ethical clearance. The factors such as age, weight, type of diet, occupation, and religion were noted. The estimation of Vitamin D3 levels was done by the well described chemiluminescent technique. A value of <20 ng/ml was defined as deficient. Student t-tests, analysis of variance, and correlation tests were done accordingly to find out the influence of the above factors on the level.

Results:
83.7% of all women were deficient in Vitamin D3, if the level of 20 ng/ml was taken as cutoff. The mean Vitamin D3 level was 14.57 ± 6.73 ng/ml. Religion wise, the mean Vitamin D3 was 16.63 ng/ml in Hindus (sample – 402/644), 10.55 ng/ml in Muslims (sample – 207/644), 14.27 ng/ml in Christians (sample – 16/644), and 15.08 ng/ml in others (sample – 19/644). There was a significant reduction in the levels of Vitamin D in Muslim women. There is no influence of age, weight, or dietary pattern.

Conclusion:
A majority of Indian pregnant women were deficient in Vitamin D3, worse among Muslims. We conclude that lifestyle changes with more exposure to sunlight should be suggested to all women in the reproductive age group to circumvent the problem. Health education on these lines should be imparted to them.
Chagas Disease Vectors of Espírito Santo, Brazil: First Report of Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) (Hemiptera, Triatominae) in the Brazilian State and Development of an Identification Key Based on Cytogenetic Data
Authors: de Oliveira Jader , da Rosa João Aristeu , Alevi Kaio Cesar Chaboli 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTChagas disease is a potentially life-threatening illness caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted, mainly, by hematophagous insects of the Triatominae subfamily. In Brazil, there are currently about 66 triatomine species distributed throughout the country’s 27 states. Triatoma infestans is considered as a species of great vectorial importance, mainly because of its biological characteristics, such as the high degree of anthropophilia, adaptation to the home environment, ability to withstand long periods of fasting, and present a wide geographical distribution. Taking into account the epidemiological importance of these species, we carried out the first report of T. infestans in the Espírito Santo, Brazil, and development of an identification key for all species notified in that state, based on cytogenetic data. This information is important because they contribute to the direction of epidemiological surveillance activities carried out by vector control programs of the Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Prevalence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Gametocytemia in a Pre-Elimination, Low Malaria Transmission Setting in Southern Zambia
Authors: Kobayashi Tamaki , Kurani Shaheen , Hamapumbu Harry , Stevenson Jennifer C. , Thuma Philip E. , Moss William J. , _ _ 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThe WHO recommends single low-dose (SLD) primaquine as a gametocytocide to reduce Plasmodium falciparum transmission in areas of low transmission. Despite this recommendation, uptake of SLD primaquine has been low because of concerns of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Individuals with G6PD deficiency can experience hemolysis when exposed to primaquine. In Southern Province, Zambia, malaria transmission has declined significantly over the past decade. Single low-dose primaquine may be an effective tool, but there is limited information on G6PD deficiency. We screened 137 residents in Macha, Southern Province, Zambia, and the prevalence of G6PD (A−) was 15%. We also revisited data collected from 2008 to 2013 in the same area and found the highest gametocyte burden among those aged 5–15 years. The findings from this study suggest that SLD primaquine targeted to school-aged children may be an effective tool to help achieve malaria elimination in southern Zambia.
Craneofaringioma adamantinomatoso.
Authors: Fuenmayor Duche Tatiana Carolina , Quintanilla Chrystin , Bottani Laura 
Published: January 2021

Introducción: El propósito de este artículo es describir las principales manifestaciones clínicas, método diagnóstico y tratamiento de elección de una neoplasia intracraneal primaria rara de origen epitelial, benigno con su variante adamantinomatosa propia de la edad pediátrica que es diagnosticada con mayor frecuencia en rangos de edad de 5 a14 años según refiere la revisión de literatura científica internacional. Caso clínico: Se reporta un caso en el cual la paciente no se encuentra dentro de los picos de edad en los que con mayor frecuencia se realiza el diagnóstico de Craneofaringioma adamantinomatoso, es una paciente femenina de 17 años con cefalea y dismenorrea de 6 meses de evolución acompañado de hemianopsia bitemporal que fue sometida a cirugía craneal abierta por abordaje pterional derecho con resección subtotal de la lesión que además se colocó shunt ventrículo peritoneal por hidrocefalia tetraventricular obstructiva que fue desarrollada al año de la cirugía. Conclusiones: La clínica coincide con los síntomas descritos y atribuibles a la compresión y extensión hacia estructuras adyacentes, su presentación fue de lenta evolución, la imagen fue característica de esta variante histológica pediátrica. A pesar de ser una entidad de histología benigna es agresiva por su invasión a estructuras profundas y autonómicas provocando una historia natural incierta y con gran probabilidad de comorbilidades que pueden ser mayores con tratamientos quirúrgicos agresivos.
INFLUENCE OF HOME TO SCHOOL COMMUNICATION ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF STANDARD EIGHT PUPILS IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN KISUMU WEST SUB –COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Juma Lucy Stella A. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of home to school communication on academic achievement of pupils in public primary schools.
Methodology: The research design used was sequential explanatory research design, which combined both qualitative and quantitative models of research so that evidence may be mixed and knowledge increased in a more meaningful manner. The study population consisted of 1210 standard eight pupils, 300 standard eight teachers, 1210 standard eight parents and 75 Head teachers drawn from 75 public primary schools in Kisumu West Sub-County, Kisumu, Kenya. Stratified random sampling technique was employed for selecting 23 public primary schools and simple random sampling used in each stratum to select the pupils. Purposive sampling technique was done to select standard eight parents, and head teachers. The researcher would collect data using questionnaires and interview schedule, focus group discussions guide and document analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive and results presented in the form of tables, frequencies, Percentages, and accumulative percentages and on the other hand qualitative data generated from open ended questions were organized, categorized and presented in narratives.
Findings: The study established that home to school communication affected pupils’ academic achievement.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The recommendations of the study were that there should be regular academic clinics and pupils progress follows up to help enhance achievement amongst the learners. The ecological system theory of development by (Bronfenbrenner 1969) outlined the influence of parent involvement at schools and the other surrounding influences on a child’s development and academic achievement which the ministry could borrow to enhance academic achievement
A Biting Review of Shark Attacks Off Florida's Coast, 1960 - 2016
Authors: Thompson Chris , Dieker Kenneth , Chandler Isabel , Berger Jason , Sommers Paul Martin 
Published: January 2021

The authors examine the monthly total and average number of unprovoked shark attacks off Florida’s Atlantic and Gulf coasts between 1960 and 2016, with special emphasis on the last twenty-seven years, divided into three nine-year intervals. Two-way connected-line plots, bar graphs and a series of two-sample t-tests reveal that monthly averages were highest in April (1999 – 2007) and September (1999 – 2007 and 2008 – 2016). Topographic maps created for each nine-year period show the lowest densities (shark attacks per square mile) from 1990 to 1998 and the highest densities from 1999 to 2007, off the shore of the east-central part of the state, northeast of Orlando in Volusia County, home to Daytona Beach.
Should Vitamin C/Ascorbic Acid infusion be used in the treatment of COVID-19?
Authors: Abat Marc Evans M. , Larracas Cristina , Cabaluna Ian Theodore G. 
Published: January 2021

KEY FINDINGS
There is no direct evidence available as of this point for efficacy of intravenous vitamin C as an adjunctive treatment in preventing mortality or shortening disease course among adults suspected of, or positive for COVID-19.
• Vitamin C is currently not mentioned in the treatment guidelines for COVID.
• Currently, there are 3 ongoing trials registered in clinicaltrials.gov studying intravenous vitamin C in COVID-19. No other ongoing or planned trials were registered in the other trial registries.
• Most of the available data are from studies on disease populations which may be considered as COVID-19 suspects:
 Conflicting results on mortality from indirect evidence among patients with sepsis with or without ARDS with significant reduction in mortality found in only a small subset of patients (n-40) with severe sepsis given high dose Vitamin C infusion.
 Strong evidence supporting no mortality benefit from 5 meta-analyses on critically ill patients due to conditions other than or in combination with sepsis who were given Vit C infusion alone or in combinations with other medications. One meta-analysis showed benefit in decreasing duration of ICU stay and mechanical ventilation but sample size is small. Most showed no benefit on and other key endpoints such as acute kidney injury, duration of hospital stay/ ICU stay/ duration of vasopressor use or duration of mechanical ventilation.
• The use of Vit C infusion is not mentioned in the treatment guidelines for COVID-19 or ARDS.
• The risks or adverse events with short term use of Vitamin C infusion in the general population is negligible or minimal. It should be avoided in patients with G6PD insufficiency. The dose should be carefully adjusted for patients with renal insufficiency.
Should Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine be used in the prophylaxis of COVID-19?
Authors: Sanchez-Mostiero Daisy O. , Melicor Abigail F. 
Published: January 2021

At present, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of BCG vaccine as prophylaxis for COVID-19.

Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine is an attenuated microorganism derived from bovine tubercle bacillus and

is being given to prevent severe tuberculosis.

BCG vaccination may enhance production of antibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin

(IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). BCG may lead to increased CD4 and CD8 T-cell activity on subsequent
viral infection.

Ecological studies on the effect of BCG vaccination policy on COVID-19 outcomes have conflicting results and

are prone to bias from confounders.

There is insufficient evidence on the efficacy and safety of BCG vaccine for COVID-19 prophylaxis.
Thirteen clinical trials are ongoing among high-risk groups (healthcare workers, elderly, police officers) to evaluate

the efficacy and safety of BCG vaccine in preventing COVID-19 and its severe symptoms.

WHO does not recommend the use of BCG vaccine as prophylaxis against COVID-19.
Adverse events of BCG vaccine range from mild local cutaneous reactions to systemic adverse events such as

abscess, lymphadenopathy and osteomyelitis.
Should Chest X-ray Be Used in Diagnosing COVID-19?
Authors: San Jose Maria Cristina Z. , Dones Valentin C. 
Published: January 2021

While chest x-ray is readily available and may precede RT-PCR test, chest x-ray has low sensitivity early in the COVID-19 disease and shows non-specific lung abnormalities in COVID-19 patients.

Chest x-ray is part of the initial diagnostic tool used on COVID-19 patients in some hospitals as it yields fast results compared with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Chest Computed Tomography (CT) has been reported to be more sensitive than chest x-ray in determining the presence of COVID-19.

Chest x-ray findings in confirmed COVID-19 patients show:

 Normal lung findings early in the illness and in mildly symptomatic patients
Typical ground-glass opacities and consolidation in the lung periphery
Lung abnormalities are non-specific and may likewise be present in other infections and coronavirus-types of pneumonia

The American College of Radiology (ACR), Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR), Canadian Society of Thoracic Radiology (CSTR), and British Society of Thoracic Imaging do not recommend the use of chest x-ray to diagnose COVID-19. The Fleisher Society, composed of radiologists and pulmonologists in ten countries, does not recommend a chest x-ray for patients suspected of mild COVID-19. A chest x-ray is recommended for patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 needing immediate triage and patients at high risk for disease progression. Despite presence of chest x-ray findings suggesting COVID-19, RT-PCR test remains the standard diagnostic procedure.
Sultan II. Abdülhamid’den Paris Barış Konferansı’na Kürtler
Authors: KARTIN Cengiz 
Published: January 2021

Coğrafi Keşifler ve Sanayi İnkılâbı ile birlikte batı; öteki olarak tanımladığı kendi coğrafyası dışındaki insanların neye sahip olduğu bilgisini, bölgeye göndermiş olduğu resmi ya da gayri resmi görevlileri marifetiyle elde etmiştir. Bu bilgi toplama sürecini en iyi yöneten devlet İngiltere olmuştur . Osmanlı Devleti batının yaşamış olduğu yukarda bahse konu süreç içerisinde dünyayı yeterince takip edemeyen ve her geçen gün toprak kaybetmek suretiyle Anadolu’ya doğru geri çekilen bir görüntü arz etmiştir. Söz konusu bu durum içerisinde Sultan II. Abdülhamid devri devletin bu kötü gidişatını frenlemeye dönük bazı hamlelerin ve çalışmaların yapıldığı bir dizi çalışmalarla geçmiştir. Yapılan bütün çalışmalara rağmen devlet kan kaybetmeye devam etmiştir. Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in 1909’da tahttan indirilmesi ve hemen akabinde yaşanan Trablusgarp, Balkan ve I. Dünya Savaşları ise Osmanlı Devleti’nin sonunun gelmesini beraberinde getirmiştir. Yaşanan tüm bu süreç içerisinde Kürtlerin büyük çoğunluğu devlete sadık kalmayı tercih etmişse de azınlıkta kalan küçük bir grup ise İtilaf Devletleri ile iş birliği içerisinde olmuştur. Yapılan bu tercihlerin belirlenmesinde özellikle Sultan II. Abdülhamid döneminde gerçekleştirilen faaliyetlerin çok önemli olduğu bilinmektedir. Çalışma I. Dünya Savaşı sonunda imza edilen Paris Barış görüşmelerini Kürtler özelinde değerlendirmek amacıyla kaleme alınmıştır.
Do peso à libertação: duas visões da violência sexual na literatura contemporânea escrita por mulheres
Authors: Tofanelo Gabriela Fonseca , Zolin Lúcia Osana 
Published: January 2021

A lógica binária construída socialmente, além de estereotipar os corpos femininos e masculinos, devendo este ser forte, viril e dominador; e aquele, fraco, submisso e frágil, faz com que, muitas vezes, a violência contra a mulher, abordada de forma simbólica ou física, seja tratada como pertencente à ordem das coisas. A inquietação para esta proposta surgiu após constatação de que o tema da violência contra a mulher, embora persistente a nível epidêmico na sociedade brasileira, não é um tema frequente no âmbito literário contemporâneo. Soma-se a isso o fato de que quando tal tema apareceu na literatura canônica, essencialmente masculina, não raras foram as vezes em que foi tratado de forma estereotipada e naturalizada. Diante disso, nosso objetivo é investigar de que modo o romance contemporâneo de autoria feminina tem articulado visibilidade nas conquistas das mulheres, tendo como foco principal a violência contra a mulher nos romances O peso do pássaro morto (2017), de Aline Bei e Eu me possuo (2016), de Stella Florence. Para isso, será feita uma análise interpretativa e qualitativa da violência sexual nas obras citadas. Para isso, O aporte teórico para se pensar as violências contra a mulher foca-se, principalmente, nos estudos de Heleieth Saffioti (2015) e Carlos Magno Gomes (2014); sobre silenciamentos de Orlandi (1997) e Solnit (2017), além da violência simbólica de Pierre Bourdieu (2014). Conclui-se que a literatura contemporânea escrita por mulheres tem contribuído para a luta contra a violência conta a mulher.
Guía musical del Perú (conclusión)
Authors: Raygada Carlos 
Published: January 2021

En esta continuación de la Guía Musical el autor trata de presentar nombres, obras e instituciones musicales del Perú, de la manera más amplia posible, de todos los niveles y de todos los sectores. Es el fruto de una actividad que representa más de un cuarto de siglo de sincera dedicación y que ha tenido en la prensa local y principalmente en el diario "El Comercio", su medio difusor más constante.