bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a Phonology of Scandinavian Latin Runic Inscriptions: A Corpus-Based Analysis
Authors: Tarsi Matteo 
Published: October 2020

Summary:The present paper is a study of the rendering of Latin in Scandinavian runic inscriptions. The analysis focuses on a small corpus of thirteen inscriptions from the whole of Scandinavia and its periph- eral settlements. The investigated phenomena are: 1) Lat. /e/ in stressed and unstressed position; 2) Lat. /d/ and /t/ in initial, intervocalic and final position; 3) Lat. /t/ + /j/ /_V; 4) Lat. /b/, /p/ and /v/ in initial and intervocalic position. From the analysis of the data it can be observed that the runic rendering of Latin can either adhere to its written model or mirror the actual pronunciation of Medieval Latin in Scandinavia.
Observaciones sobre la sintaxis de la toponimia en el itinerario del Pseudo Antonino de Placentia
Authors: Abellán Carmen Arias 
Published: October 2020

SummaryOne of the basic features of the itineraries is the presence of toponyms. In the particular case of the Christian itineraries, toponyms operate in two different levels: in the places of the biblical past that is meant to be recalled in the peregrination itself and in the places “truly” visited. This fact gives toponyms a very interesting “diversity”, not only from a cultural standpoint, but also because of all kinds of linguistic facts: phonetic, morphologic, syntactic, etc. These linguistic facts reflect the situation and evolution of late Latin, an aspect of which I am going to focus on the syntactic level.
Aspetti della Subordinazione a verbo non finito nella Vulgata1
Authors: Greco Paolo , Ferrari Valentina 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis paper aims at describing some of the main structural and functional characteristics of two subordinate patterns, namely infinitive clauses governed by verba dicendi et sentiendi (i.e. the so-called Accusativus cum Infinitivo) and participial clauses, as they occur in the Vulgate. The characteristics of the use of the Accusativus cum Infinitivo will be interpreted within the context of the uses of this structure in other Latin texts written in different periods. In particular, and in the framework of a functional-typologi- cal approach, we will investigate word-order phenomena.
Aspetti della subordinazione completiva nel De consolatione philosophiae di Boezio*
Authors: Ferrari Valentina 
Published: October 2020

Summary:This paper aims at describing some of the main structural and functional characteristics of completive clauses governed by verba dicendi et sentiendi in Boethius's De consolatione philosophiae. The characteristics of the use of the Accusativus cum Infinitivo (AcI) will be analysed in comparison with the uses of other Latin authors. The data will be described on the basis of two main aspects: constituent order, and the coreferentiality of the subject of the AcI with elements in the main clause. Compared to the predominance of AcI constructions, quod-clauses show a consistent pattern and are limited to well- defined contexts. Some aspects of the use of quin and ut will also be described. Special attention will be given to the problems of syntactic and semantic interpretation of the governing verbs, which can be difficult to define clearly. This study will also set the ground for further research on the influence of Boethius's Latin model on Italo-Romance literary texts in the Middle Ages, both on the syntactic and the stilistic level.
Cultic Verbs in Vetus Latina Daniel and in Jerome’s Translations of the Greek Additions to Daniel1
Authors: Zilverberg Kevin 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe Vetus Latina Bible includes a variety of vocabulary according to various translators’ and revisers’ milieus and intents as they worked from Greek originals. This study aims to analyze the use of cultic verbs in the Vetus Latina Book of Daniel in all its pluriformity, and in Jerome’s translations of the Greek additions to this book.In order to do so, I focus on key patristic witnesses to trace verbs denoting or connoting divine worship, from the time of Tertullian of Carthage, over Cyprian of Carthage and Lucifer of Caralis, to Jerome of Stridon. The expressions treated, each corresponding to a Greek verb, are: seruio, colo, famulor, appareo, exomologesin facio, hymnum cano, sacrifico, timeo, benedico, adoro, laudo, confiteor, and primitiae. They are analyzed in relation to their Greek Vorlagen and to the Latin context consisting in similar renderings by the same Fathers. The biblical book’s fragmentary VL manuscript evidence and the wider patristic and liturgical tradition are also taken into account. This approach allows for a diachronic view marked sometimes by continuity, sometimes by change, for the Latin rendering of a Greek verb.
La transition latino-romane : problèmes de la reconstruction
Authors: Kiss Sándor 
Published: October 2020

SummaryProto-Romance linguistic transformations are partially hidden by the archaic style that char- acterizes Late Latin documents. However, these texts (e. g. chronicles) permit insights into the changes undergone by the oral language, because authors and scribes can reproduce unconsciously their own speech habits, already different from Classical standard. In our presentation, this curious duality is shown by the example of noun declension, which is undermined, but not yet completely eliminated, in 7th century Latin. A comparison is made between the so-called Fredegarius, a Merovingian chronicle, and an early French poem, the Eulalia Sequence, which manifests the last stage of the declension, just before its disappearance. The morphological change has its counterpart in the restructuration of the sentence: the neighbourhood of subject and verb becomes usual in the surface structure, and certain limitations are im- posed upon the freedom of word order. Thus, the reconstruction process we propose has two aspects: it is necessary to describe the diastratic variation at different moments of the history of Late Latin, and, on the other hand, the results need to be compared with the Early Romance linguistic systems. In this manner, reconstruction can show the coexistence of tradition and innovation in the language, a necessary condition of its normal functioning.
Une théorie résurgente : l’africitas
Authors: Callebat Louis 
Published: October 2020

Summary:The africitas theory, for which Einar Löfstedt wrote in 1959 that: “it constituted only merely a historical significance”, nevertheless enjoys currently a militant resurgence, in particular clarified from a rereading of Apuleius.Our communication aims to achieve two objectives: 1) To attempt, with the insight of over a century, an update, taking into account the scientific, historical, linguistic achievement involved in the establishment of this theory: nature of the corpus; research methods; regional diversification of Latin; linguistic state of roman Africa; sermo cotidianus and cultural languages; ideological presuppositions. 2) To evaluate the theoretical and methodological relevance of the theses supported by the contemporary supporters of a revivified africitas.
Costruzioni ipotetiche parentetiche usate come marcatori di cortesia in latino tardo: il tipo si placet, si videtur, si molestum non est *
Authors: Fedriani Chiara 
Published: October 2020

Summary:This paper looks at uses and pragmatic functions of five hypothetic clauses used parenthetically in Late Latin to soften the illocutionary force of potentially face-threatening acts such as orders and requests. Specifically, the data show that these politeness markers typically mitigate a very specific type of interactional move, i.e., meta-textual proposals with topic-management, turn-yielding, and discourseorganizational concerns. Moreover, the corpus-based study has revealed that they are found above all in Augustine’s philosophical dialogues. Evidence from earlier research has shown, on the other hand, that in Classical Latin si placet was used almost exclusively in Cicero’s philosophical dialogues: this suggests a process of imitation within a very specific discourse tradition, where these markers are perceived as a stylistic feature typical of urbane conversations among educated friends.
Evidentiality and Mirativity in the Language of Roman Comedy
Authors: Zheltova Elena V. 
Published: October 2020

Summary:The paper deals with the ways of expressing evidential and mirative semantics in the language of Roman comedy. The author claims that the phenomena under consideration belong to the grammar rather than to the lexicon of the Latin language, and shows that various evidential and mirative values can be expressed by the use of verbal tenses, voices, moods and syntactic construction. It is stressed that evidential and mirative functions in such units result only from the interaction of different linguistic parameters within a certain context and does not reside in the units taken in isolation. The main focus of the study is on the linguistic techniques which were preferred by Plautus and Terence. The comparative analysis of the linguistic strategies found in the author's present and the previous research demonstrates that the choice of a particular strategy depends on a given genre. Thus, some strategies (e.g., impersonal passive, inferential perfect and future, imperfect of a truth just recognized, mirative use of the subjunctive and infinitive) are preferred by comic poets while other techniques (e.g., deductive use of debere, gnomic future as a reportative strategy, cum inversum as a mirative device) which may be used in historic or epic narrative, never occur in the language of Roman comedy.
Traits de langue tardive et/ou vulgaire dans la poésie d'Ausone
Authors: Wolff Étienne 
Published: October 2020

SummaryAusonius' poetry is marked by a great deal of formal research, which takes five main aspects: metrical virtuosity, Latin-Greek bilingualism, centon, games on words, lexical elaboration. It is this last point that will hold our attention here. If the language of Ausonius is generally consistent with the classi- cal standards from the point of view of the syntax, it is not exactly the same for the lexicon. Ausonius sometimes uses late words and/or is influenced by the vulgar language. This characteristic of his language has been little studied and we must often resort to the old thesis of A. Delachaux. In this paper, we will review these late and/or vulgar words, to try to draw up a typology. We will then examine the sty- listic use that Ausonius makes of them, because, as a refined poet, he never chooses his words randomly. We will finally see if it is possible to infer some more general conclusions about the linguistic situation in Aquitania in the fourth century.
Latinité d’occident, latinité d’orient: Le ‘latin’ du Livre des cérémonies de Constantin Porphyrogénète
Authors: Biville Frédérique 
Published: October 2020

SummaryAfter the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the imperial ritual was preserved and systematized in the East, in the ‘Byzantine’ Empire, by intensifying and Christianizing. The Book of Ceremonies by Constantine Porphyrogennetos, written in Greek in Constantinople in the 10th century, by compiling protocols of the previous centuries, gathers a rich collection of court rituals to be observed during the great religious and civil ceremonies which accompanied the important events of the reigns of the sovereigns, and the sportive events at the Hippodrome. We investigate about the permanence and the future of the Latin language in the ceremonial of the Byzantine Court: the survival of formulaic expressions of order and acclamation in Latin (rhômaïzein), Latin phrases underlaying the Greek text, and a great lot of Latinisms (rhômaï(k)a lexis) in the institutional and technical lexicon, sometimes unknown in Latin, which attest integrational processes, lexical creation, and phenomens of ‘aller-retour’ (round trip) between the West and the East, and between the Greek and the Latin languages.
Thèmes et variations Réflexions stylistiques sur l’itinéraire d’Égérie
Authors: Horváthy Sára 
Published: October 2020

SummaryEgeria, a 4th century pious woman from the south of present-day Spain, retold, after visiting Palestine with the Bible in hand, her observations to her sisters. If the linguistic aspects of her letters are quite well-known, much less is known about its stylistic value, inappropriately called “simple”.What seems to be boringly the same again and again, is in fact a constantly renewed and perfectly mastered “variation on a theme”, just as in a well-composed piece of music. Her apparent objectivity is indeed a wish to focus on what she considers the most important, namely to tell her community, as closely to reality as possible, what she observed during her pilgrimage. However, Egeria’s latin is also a testimony of the christian lexicon in construction and of the social changes that were in progress by that time.Linguistics and stylistics work together here, the choice of a word or a grammatical formula reveals hidden information about the proper style of an author who, despite her supposed objectivity, had real personal purposes.
Tecnología de potabilización de agua en zonas rurales como medida de adaptación al cambio climático en el Callejón de Huaylas, Ancash - Perú
Authors: MARTIN HUAMÁN CARRANZA  , KIKO FELIX DEPAZ CELI  , NINO ARAUJO JAMANCA  , JUDITH FLORES ALBORNOZ  
Published: October 2020

Con el propósito de conocer cómo el cambio climático viene alterando las fuentes de agua empleadas en sistemas de abastecimiento en zonas rurales, se seleccionaron manantiales que se ubican en cinco localidades para verificar el cambio de las características físicas, químicas y bacteriológicas. Los resultados evidenciaron el incremento o modificación de la concentración de los principales componentes químicos del agua, alterando su calidad, tal fue el caso de la dureza, cloruros, sulfatos y cloro residual; así como una variación de las características de la turbiedad, solidos suspendidos y coliformes totales. El problema hallado fue motivo para plantear tecnología con sistema para la mejora de los parámetros físicos, químicos y biológicos del agua a partir del uso de zeolita y carbón activado (Antracita) o arena de sílice. El sistema fue instalado antes del ingreso del agua al reservorio de almacenamiento, y como unidad de tratamiento final se desinfectó con clorador automático por erosión. Esta tecnología busca asegurar la calidad de agua en zonas rurales.
In Traditional Retailing: SCM (An Optimized Hybrid Architecture)
Authors: Kumar Dinesh 
Published: October 2020

Brick and Mortar Retailing, generally known as Traditional Retailing is facing stiff competition from a variety of sources. Not only has it to be competitive in terms of on-shelf availability of products on a wide range of products but also has to balance many factors such as optimization of inventory and warehousing, profiling for distribution centre layout and process design, inventory segmentation and partnerships, network location and order sourcing, etc. which have a direct impact on the cost to the end consumer. While many techniques such as distribution centre (DC) bypass and cross docking are widely used to decrease the lead time of delivering orders to the retailers, but its impact on cost is high. The Click and Mortar Retailing, generally known as Internet Retailing, on the other hand is able to provide a wider range of product selection compared to traditional retailing using partner DC and third party logistics (3PL) in addition to wholesaler DC and Internet Retailer DC. Using cheap modes of transportation, it leverages the cost to end consumers well.
In this paper, we present a hybrid approach to traditional retailing taking important optimization cues from Internet Retailing to leverage cost favourably to the end consumer.
On the Canvas of the Psalter and the Psalter on the Canvas: In Praise of Interdisciplinarity
Authors: Charzyńska-Wójcik Magdalena 
Published: October 2020

Na kanwie Psałterza, czy Psałterz na kanwie. Interdyscyplinarność w praktyce
Artykuł dotyczy zaginionego portretu przedstawiającego króla Jakuba II Stuarta z córką, księżniczką Louisą Marią, na którym są przedstawieni z otwartym Psałterzem. W oryginalnym założeniu badanie miało ustalić, która wersja angielskiego przekładu Psałterza jest przedstawiona na portrecie. Miało to na celu ocenę pozycji Psałterza przetłumaczonego w 1700 r. przez Johna Carylla i Davida Nairne’a na dworze Króla Jakuba na wygnaniu. Podczas badania wyszło na jaw, że dostępne angielskie opisy obrazu nie cytują dosłownie fragmentu psalmu rzekomo widocznego na portrecie, lecz tłumaczą na angielski oryginalny francuski opis portretu, razem z zawartym w opisie francuskim wersem psalmu. Odkrycie to przesunęło punkt ciężkości badania w kierunku ustalenia faktycznego stanu rzeczy z zastosowaniem podejścia interdyscyplinarnego, którego zalety niniejszy tekst ukazuje w praktyce.
Perswazja w czasach reformacji. Renesansowe teksty apologetyczne trzech konfesji: katolicyzmu, protestantyzmu i islamu
Authors: Kamper-Warejko Joanna , Kulwicka-Kamińska Joanna 
Published: October 2020

Artykuł wpisuje się w nurt opisu języka religijnego doby renesansu. Zwrócono w nim uwagę na tematykę literatury reformacyjnej i kontrreformacyjnej (katolickiej), jej wymiar wspólnotowy, mający na celu scalanie wspólnoty wierzących oraz opisano służące temu celowi zabiegi językowe i środki perswazyjne. Bazą materiałową są trzy XVI-wieczne teksty, reprezentujące dwa odłamy chrześcijaństwa – katolicki i protestancki (kazania na dzień Wniebowzięcia NMP Piotra Skargi i Piotra Artomiusza z 1595 r.) i islam (sura Koranu pt. Wzniesione krawędzie w tłumaczeniu Tatarów WKL, XVI wiek). Analizie poddano strukturę zabytków, wykładniki dialogiczności oraz językowe środki perswazji, na które składa się m.in. słownictwo wartościujące, dyrektywne i środki stylistyczne. Badania dowiodły, że omówione tu polemiczne teksty religijne wpisują się w nurt piśmiennictwa reformacyjnego o charakterze perswazyjnym. Znajdujemy w nich wykładniki językowe o funkcjach impresywno-ekspresywnych. W warstwie językowej teksty te realizują uniwersalne cechy kodu religijnego, takie jak otwartość i polisemia, które wyrażają się przez analogię, porównanie, metonimię, metaforę, mówienie poza asercją. Omówiono wyekscerpowaną leksykę nazywającą wartości, słownictwo wolitywne i nakłaniające oraz perswazyjne i emotywne, z zauważalnym odniesieniem dychotomicznym do tego, co dobre i złe. Wskazane tu elementy organizują przestrzeń sakralną tekstu religijnego i są osią, wokół której integruje się grupa wyznaniowa. Pokłosiem reformacyjnego dyskursu religijnego jest obecność w polskojęzycznych tekstach wykładników stylu retorycznego, co wyraża się m.in. wprowadzaniem cytatów z dzieł autorytetów religijnych, tj. głównie Biblii i Koranu.
Z trzydziestoletniej historii Instytutu Filologii Słowiańskiej w Katolickim Uniwersytecie Lubelskim Jana Pawła II
Authors: Woźniak Anna 
Published: October 2020

Jest to okolicznościowy, z okazji jubileuszu 30-lecia, opis Instytutu Filologii Słowiańskiej KUL, dalece niepełny, uproszczony i nader subiektywny, dany jednak przez osobę, która miała zaszczyt uczestniczyć w dziele powstawania i w historii tegoż instytutu, organizowanego w całości według własnej koncepcji dydaktycznej i badawczej przez prof. Ryszarda Łużnego, i w pewien sposób miała szansę pomagać przy uruchamianiu placówki. Obecnie – po niegdysiejszej ewolucji tego ośrodka dydaktyczno-naukowego – nastąpiła inwolucja, a raczej zmiany w jego pierwotnej wersji organizacyjnej i programowej. Utworzona w roku akademickim 2017/ 2018 „Lingwistyka stosowana” to zupełnie inny, autonomiczny byt dydaktyczny, któremu należy życzyć pomyślnego rozwoju i otwarcia nowej pozytywnej karty w historii dydaktyki i badań naukowych. Autorka zwraca uwagę na kilka istotnych znakowych kwestii w opisie 30-letniej historii Instytutu Filologii Słowiańskiej oraz na główne kierunki uprawianych w nim badań.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Oman: An analysis of 284 cases
Authors: Al-Naamani Khalid , Al-Hashami Zamzam , Al-Siyabi Omar , Al-Moundri Mansour , Al-Bahrani Bassim , Al-Sinani Siham , Al-Zakwani Ibrahim , Omar Heba , Al-Busafi Said A. , Al-Zuhaibi Haifa , AlMamari Abdullah , Kamath Bola R. , Al-Kalbani Abdullah , Burney Ikram Ali 
Published: October 2020

Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver tumour worldwide and is increasing in incidence. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of HCC among Omani patients, along with its major risk factors, outcomes and the role of surveillance. Methods: This retrospective case-series study was conducted between January 2008 and December 2015 at the three main tertiary care hospitals in Oman. All adult Omani patients diagnosed with HCC and visited these hospitals during the study period were included. Relevant data were collected from the patients’ electronic medical records. Results: A total of 284 HCC patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 61.02 ± 11.41 years and 67.6% were male. The majority had liver cirrhosis (79.9%), with the most common aetiologies being chronic hepatitis C (46.5%) and B (43.2%). Only 13.7% of cases were detected by the HCC surveillance programme. Approximately half of the patients (48.5%) had a single liver lesion and 31.9% had a liver tumour of >5 cm in size. Approximately half (49.2%) had alpha-fetoprotein levels of ≥200 ng/mL. The majority (72.5%) were diagnosed using multiphase computed tomography alone. Less than half of the patients (48.9%) were offered one or more HCC treatment modalities. Conclusion: The majority of Omani HCC patients were male and had cirrhosis due to viral hepatitis. In addition, few patients were identified by the national surveillance programme and presented with advanced disease precluding therapeutic or even palliative treatment.Keywords: Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Liver Cirrhosis; Human Viral Hepatitis; Public Health Surveillance; Early Detection of Cancer; Alpha-Fetoprotein; Oman.
Investigation of Some Modifiable Risk Factors That Lead to Congenital Anomalies: A Review Article
Authors: Abdi Fatemeh , Mehrvar Mahdieh , Valizadeh Sima , Mazaheri Mahta 
Published: October 2020

Background: Congenital anomalies are inborn errors of development. Genetic and environmental factors are known causes of congenital anomalies. Environmental factors are modifiable risk factors. This review focuses on modifiable risk factors for birth defects. There is a strong link between alcohol use and an increased risk of congenital anomalies. Marijuana can be expected to cause fetal growth restriction; smoking before conception, even with cessation in the first trimester, may also pose a risk for gastroschisis. Benzodiazepines during the first trimester were associated with Dandy–Walker malformation ,anophthalmia or microphthalmia and esophageal atresia. While oral retinoids are absolutely contraindicated, topical retinoids, should conservatively be avoided during pregnancy but if were used by accident, the existing data can reduce the anxiety of happening adverse pregnancy outcomes. Antihypertensives such as labetalol, methyldopa and extended release nifedipine are relatively safe choices. Antiemeticssuch as doxylamine-pyridoxine and metoclopramide may have potential teratogenicity in first trimester. Ondansetron use was not significantly associated with major congenital anomalies but recent meta-analysis suggested more concern. An antiepileptic such as valproate poses the highest risk among antiepileptic drugs, whereas the prevalence of congenital anomalies is the lowest with lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and oxcarbazepine. Education and counseling to women who are planning to become pregnant can reduce the risk of congenital anolamies.