bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and expression analysis of GRAS transcription factors in the wild relative of sweet potato Ipomoea trifida
Authors: Chen Yao , Zhu Panpan , Wu Shaoyuan , Lu Yan , Sun Jian , Cao Qinghe , Li Zongyun , Xu Tao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundGRASgene is an important transcription factor gene family that plays a crucial role in plant growth, development, adaptation to adverse environmental condition. Sweet potato is an important food, vegetable, industrial raw material, and biofuel crop in the world, which plays an essential role in food security in China.However, the function of sweet potatoGRASgenes remains unknown.ResultsIn this study, we identified and characterised 70 GRAS members fromIpomoea trifida, which is the progenitor of sweet potato. The chromosome distribution, phylogenetic tree, exon-intron structure and expression profiles were analysed. The distribution map showed thatGRASgenes were randomly located in 15 chromosomes. In combination with phylogenetic analysis and previous reports inArabidopsisand rice, the GRAS proteins fromI. trifidawere divided into 11 subfamilies. Gene structure showed that most of theGRASgenes inI. trifidalacked introns. The tissue-specific expression patterns and the patterns under abiotic stresses ofItfGRASgenes were investigated via RNA-seq and further tested by RT-qPCR. Results indicated the potential functions of ItfGRAS during plant development and stress responses.ConclusionsOur findings will further facilitate the functional study ofGRASgene and molecular breeding of sweet potato.
Auxin and cytokinin coordinate the dormancy and outgrowth of axillary bud in strawberry runner
Authors: Qiu Yuting , Guan Si Cong , Wen Chenjin , Li Peng , Gao Zhen , Chen Xu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Axillary buds allow the production of either vegetative or reproductive shoots, which display a plastic developmental potential of the plant to suit the prevailing environmental changes. Strawberry represents one of many plant species which displays horizontal above-ground growth of shoot development for asexual reproduction. Two distinct runner growth patterns exist in different strawberry species: one is called sympodial type such as Fragaria vesca, and the other one is called monopodial type such as Fragaria pentaphylla. Despite the runner growth morphology of these strawberry species have been well known, the mechanisms that determine the distinct patterns have rarely been reported.

Results
In this study, we used Fragaria vesca Hawaii-4 and Fragaria pentaphylla as model species, and captured the initiated dormant bud and non-dormant bud as materials to compare their transcriptome profiles and phytohormone content. Comparisons revealed that relatively higher auxin activity is present in the dormant bud and relatively higher cytokinin activity is in the non-dormant bud. Decapitation and pharmacological experiments on dormant buds showed that the reduction of auxin accumulation triggers the regeneration of vegetative shoots in dormant buds, and exogenous cytokinin application triggers cell fate turnover and generation of reproductive shoots.

Conclusion
Here, we uncover a mechanism by which auxin and cytokinin coordinate the dormancy and outgrowth of axillary bud in strawberry runner. Our results suggest a contrasting behavior of auxin and cytokinin in control of axillary bud development, facilitating a preliminary understanding of shoot architecture formation in strawberry.
Ulcers in leprosy patients, an unrecognized clinical manifestation: a report of 8 cases
Authors: Miyashiro Denis , Cardona Carolina , Valente Neusa Yuriko Sakai , Avancini João , Benard Gil , Trindade Maria Angela Bianconcini 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It is a polymorphic disease with a wide range of cutaneous and neural manifestations. Ulcer is not a common feature in leprosy patients, except during reactional states, Lucio’s phenomenon (LP), or secondary to neuropathies.

Cases presentation
We report eight patients with multibacillary leprosy who presented specific skin ulcers as part of their main leprosy manifestation. Ulcers were mostly present on lower limbs (eight patients), followed by the upper limbs (three patients), and the abdomen (one patient). Mean time from onset of skin ulcers to diagnosis of leprosy was 17.4 months: all patients were either misdiagnosed or had delayed diagnosis, with seven of them presenting grade 2 disability by the time of the diagnosis. Reactional states, LP or neuropathy as potential causes of ulcers were ruled out. Biopsy of the ulcer was available in seven patients: histopathology showed mild to moderate lympho-histiocytic infiltrate with vacuolized histiocytes and intact isolated and grouped acid-fast bacilli. Eosinophils, vasculitis, vasculopathy or signs of chronic venous insufficiency were not observed. Skin lesions improved rapidly after multidrug therapy, without any concomitant specific treatment for ulcers.

Conclusions
This series of cases highlights the importance of recognizing ulcers as a specific cutaneous manifestation of leprosy, allowing diagnosis and treatment of the disease, and therefore avoiding development of disabilities and persistence of the transmission chain of M. leprae.
A case report: Numb Chin Syndrome due to thalamic infarction: a rare case
Authors: Rimmele Florian , Maschke Henning , Großmann Annette , Jürgens Tim P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Numb Chin Syndrome (NCS), which is also characterized as sensory neuropathy of the mental nerve, describes a mostly unilateral numbness of the chin and lower lip. Benign and malignant diseases are known to cause this circumscribed symptom, which can easily be overlooked or misdiagnosed. In this article we present the very rare case of a clinical NCS caused by thalamic lacunar infarction. As a pure sensory stroke it is a rare variant of the Cheiro-Oral Syndrome (COS).

Case presentation
A 63-year-old male patient received an emergency referral to our department after the patient had noticed a feeling of numbness of the left lower lip and chin on the previous day. The neurological examination revealed an approximately 2 × 3 cm area of hypoesthesia in the area of the chin and left lower lip and the cranial MRI an acute ischemia in the right thalamus.

Conclusions
In this case report we introduce a patient who clinically shows an NCS. Various diseases may be responsible for NCS, including malignancies or even central neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis. A lacunar thalamic ischemia as a cause of NCS is very rare and to our knowledge described in the literature only in the contex of a COS in three cases. We wish to remind the reader, through this case, of the purely descriptive and syndromal character of the NCS and the importance for detecting underlying diseases. Furthermore we give a brief overview of the NCS and causative disorders.
The association between gestational weight gain z-score and stillbirth: a case-control study
Authors: Pickens Cassandra M. , Hogue Carol J. , Howards Penelope P. , Kramer Michael R. , Badell Martina L. , Dudley Donald J. , Silver Robert M. , Goldenberg Robert L. , Pinar Halit , Saade George R. , Varner Michael W. , Stoll Barbara J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
There is limited information on potentially modifiable risk factors for stillbirth, such as gestational weight gain (GWG). Our purpose was to explore the association between GWG and stillbirth using the GWG z−score.

Methods
We analyzed 479 stillbirths and 1601 live births from the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network case−control study. Women with triplets or monochorionic twins were excluded from analysis. We evaluated the association between GWG z−score (modeled as a restricted cubic spline with knots at the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles) and stillbirth using multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations, adjusting for pre − pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and other confounders. In addition, we conducted analyses stratified by pre − pregnancy BMI category (normal weight, overweight, obese).

Results
Mean GWG was 18.95 (SD 17.6) lb. among mothers of stillbirths and 30.89 (SD 13.3) lb. among mothers of live births; mean GWG z−score was − 0.39 (SD 1.5) among mothers of cases and − 0.17 (SD 0.9) among control mothers. In adjusted analyses, the odds of stillbirth were elevated for women with very low GWG z−scores (e.g., adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for z−score − 1.5 SD versus 0 SD: 1.52 (1.30, 1.78); aOR (95% CI) for z−score − 2.5 SD versus 0 SD: 2.36 (1.74, 3.20)). Results differed slightly by pre − pregnancy BMI. The odds of stillbirth were slightly elevated among women with overweight BMI and GWG z−scores ≥1 SD (e.g., aOR (95% CI) for z−score of 1.5 SD versus 0 SD: 1.84 (0.97, 3.50)).

Conclusions
GWG z−scores below − 1.5 SD are associated with increased odds of stillbirth.
Effect of prenatal EPA and DHA on maternal and cord blood insulin sensitivity: a secondary analysis of the mothers, omega 3, and mental health study
Authors: England Joey A. , Jain Joses , Holbrook Bradley D. , Schrader Ronald , Qualls Clifford , Mozurkewich Ellen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
We sought to determine whether prenatal supplementation with the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) would increase markers of insulin sensitivity in maternal or cord blood compared with placebo supplementation. A secondary aim was to evaluate the association of serum EPA and DHA fractions with adiponectin, leptin and the adiponectin:leptin ratio (ALR). We hypothesized that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation would increase markers of insulin sensitivity in maternal and umbilical cord plasma.

Methods
We analyzed stored plasma samples collected from a prior 3-arm prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial in which 126 women with singleton pregnancies between 12- and 20-weeks’ gestation were randomized to receive: 1) an EPA-rich fish oil supplement, 2) a DHA-rich fish oil supplement, or 3) a soy oil placebo. Maternal venous blood samples were collected at 12–20 weeks gestation (before supplementation) and at 34–36 weeks gestation. At delivery, cord blood was collected. Samples were analyzed using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits to quantify leptin and adiponectin levels which were utilized to calculate the ALR, a proxy measure for insulin sensitivity.

Results
We found no difference in adiponectin, leptin, and the ALR between the treatment and placebo groups at baseline, after supplementation, or in umbilical cord blood. In regression analyses, higher maternal serum DHA fraction was associated with increased ALR before (p = 0.01) and after (p = 0.04) DHA supplementation. There was no association of EPA fraction with any measure of insulin sensitivity. Cord blood DHA fraction was significantly associated with cord plasma leptin (p = 0.02).
Early pregnancy BMI was significantly associated with maternal leptin levels at baseline and in late pregnancy (p < 0.001) and was inversely associated with the ALR (p < 0.001). The ALR decreased significantly between the early and late pregnancy visits (p < 0.001). Pregnancy weight gain was inversely associated with the ALR (P. < 0.02).

Conclusions
EPA- and DHA- rich fish oil supplementation had no effect on plasma markers of insulin sensitivity. However, maternal serum DHA fraction was significantly associated with markers of insulin sensitivity.

Trial registration
https://clinicaltrials.gov/, registration number NCT00711971, 7/7/2008.
Comparison between clinical features and prognosis of malignancy- and non-malignancy–associated pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Pan Hua , Huo Yongmin , Sun Lirong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
The differences between the clinical characteristics and survival time in malignancy- and non-malignancy–associated secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) are unclear. Here, we describe the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival outcomes of malignancy-associated HLH compared to that of non-malignancy–associated HLH.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 91 pediatric patients with HLH (age < 14 years) at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Pediatric Department between January 2005 and October 2016. The patients were divided into the malignancy-associated group (n = 22) and non-malignancy–associated group (n = 69, also considered the control group). The clinical features were compared using the Mann–Whitney U and χ2 tests. The overall survival time was compared using log rank and Mann–Whitney U tests.

Results
Hemoglobin (HGB; p = 0.004), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; p = 0.002), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST; p = 0.001) levels in the malignancy-associated group differed from that in the non-malignancy–associated group. The mean survival times were 26.9 ± 3.82 months (malignancy-associated HLH) and 35.03 ± 2.19 months (non-malignancy–associated HLH). The overall survival time between the two groups was not statistically significantly different (p = 0.055). Univariate analysis showed that disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) score > 5 (p = 0.001), albumin < 25 g/L (p = 0.000), HGB < 60 g/L (p = 0.001), and platelet count (PLT) < 30 × 109/L (p = 0.042) correlated with prognosis. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that albumin < 25 g/L (p = 0.017), HGB < 60 g/L (p = 0.027), and bone marrow hemophagocytosis (p = 0.034) correlated with worse prognosis.

Conclusions
Patients with non-malignancy–associated HLH do not have better survival, although their prognosis is relatively better in clinical practice. A higher DIC score at diagnosis and lower albumin, HGB, and PLT levels are negative prognostic factors in malignancy-associated HLH.
Behavioral health risk factor profiles in general hospital patients: identifying the need for screening and brief intervention
Authors: Freyer-Adam Jennis , Noetzel Florian , Baumann Sophie , Aghdassi Ali Alexander , Siewert-Markus Ulrike , Gaertner Beate , John Ulrich 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the clustering of behavioral health risk factors (HRFs), namely the occurrence of 16 specific combinations of tobacco smoking, at-risk alcohol use, overweight and physical inactivity in general hospital patients. Furthermore, social inequalities in HRFs, health and life expectancy are a major concern in public health. In order to establish the need for screening and intervention in general hospital care, the study aimed to determine the co-occurrence of HRFs in patients in four medical departments, and to investigate differences by gender, age and socio-economic characteristics.

Methods
Over 17 months, a systematic multiple HRF screening was conducted at one general hospital in northeastern Germany. In total, 6251 18–64 year old patients (92% of eligibles) participated. Proportions and confidence intervals were calculated for all 16 HRF profiles stratified by department, gender, age group, school education, and employment status.

Results
In total, 92.2% of the participants (58.6% male) reported ≥1 HRF, and 65.7% ≥2 HRFs. Men (71.2%), patients aged 35–49 (67.9%) and 50–64 years (69.5%), lower educated (79.0%), and unemployed (77.8%) patients had larger proportions of ≥2 HRFs than their counterparts. In all departments, the most common HRF profiles included overweight. HRF profiles that included alcohol and/ or smoking were more common in ear-nose-throat and trauma surgery than in internal medicine and general surgery patients. Men had higher rates concerning almost all HRF profiles including ≥2 HRFs and alcohol; women concerning profiles that included ≤2 HRFs and inactivity. In older patients, profiles with ≥2 HRFs including overweight; and in younger patients, profiles with smoking and/or alcohol were more common. In lower educated patients, profiles with ≥2 HRFs including inactivity; and in higher educated patients profiles with ≤2 HRFs including alcohol were more common. Compared to others, unemployed patients had higher rates of profiles with ≥3 HRFs including smoking.

Conclusions
Two in three patients require interventions targeting two or more HRFs. The findings help to develop screening and brief intervention for patients with specific health risk profiles, that can reach most patients, including those most in need and those most hard to reach, with socio-economically disadvantaged people in particular.

Registry
clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01291693.
Clinicopathological features, survival and risk in breast cancer survivors with thyroid cancer: an analysis of the SEER database
Authors: Li Shuting , Yang Jiao , Shen Yanwei , Zhao Xiaoai , Zhang Lingxiao , Wang Biyuan , Li Pan , Wang Yunmei , Yi Min , Yang Jin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
The co-occurrence of breast cancer (BC) and thyroid cancer (TC) has been mentioned for several years, researchers observed an increased risk of BC patients to develop TC, but few researches concern about the features, survival of BC patients followed by TC and the influent factors of the incidence risk. The present study aimed to estimate the clinicopathological features, survival of BC survivors who had primary TC and the predictive factors on the risk of BC patients to develop TC.

Methods
Women diagnosed with BC between 1992 and 2011, and then developed TC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database were included. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) was used to perform multiple primary analyses, generated from the multiple primary-SIR program in SEER*Stat.

Results
A total of 842 BC then TC patients were included, the median age was 54 years. Additionally, 78.39% were white, 60.45% had T1 cancer, 62.47% had negative lymph nodes, and more than 75% had infiltrating duct carcinoma, 5-year survival rate was 95.4%. Compared with BC only patients, they were younger, had smaller tumor size and a relatively better prognosis. The risk of developing TC was higher in BC patients than in the general population (SIR 1.22, 95% CI [1.14, 1.31]), especially within 3 years. The influent factors of SIR were black race, BC tumor site, grade and ER/PR positive expression.

Conclusions
BC patients followed by TC had its particular clinicopathological features. Compared with the features and survival of BC only patients, they were younger, had a smaller tumor size and a relatively better prognosis. Furthermore, BC patients had a high risk of developing TC, especially within 3 years. Black women, primary tumor located in an upper-outer, central, or overlapping site, high grade tumor and with positive hormone receptor expression were predictive factors to develop TC.
Physical activity calorie expenditure (PACE) labels in worksite cafeterias: effects on physical activity
Authors: Deery Christopher B. , Hales Derek , Viera Laura , Lin Feng-Chang , Liu Zhaopei , Olsson Emily , Gras-Najjar Julie , Linnan Laura , Noar Seth M. , Ammerman Alice S. , Viera Anthony J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Regular physical activity is an important component of healthy living and wellbeing. Current guidelines recommend that adults participate in at least 150 min of moderate or vigorous-intensity physical activity weekly. In spite of the benefits, just over half of U.S. adults meet these recommendations. Calorie-only food labels at points of food purchase have had limited success in motivating people to change eating behaviors and increase physical activity. One new point of purchase approach to promote healthy behaviors is the addition of food labels that display the physical activity requirement needed to burn the calories in a food item (e.g. walk 15 min).

Methods
The Physical Activity Calorie Expenditure (PACE) Study compared activity-based calorie-expenditure food labels with calorie-only labels at three Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North Carolina worksite cafeterias. After 1 year of baseline data collection, one cafeteria had food items labeled with PACE labels, two others had calorie-only food labels. Cohort participants were asked to wear an accelerometer and complete a self-report activity questionnaire on two occasions during the baseline year and twice during the intervention year.

Results
A total of 366 study participants were included in the analysis. In the PACE-label group, self-reported physical activity increased by 13–26% compared to the calorie-only label group. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) increased by 24 min per week in the PACE-label group compared to the calorie-label group (p = 0.06). Changes in accelerometer measured steps, sedentary time, and MVPA had modest increases. Change ranged from 1 to 12% with effect size values from 0.08 to 0.15. Baseline physical activity level significantly moderated the intervention effects for all physical activity outcomes. Participants in both label groups starting in the lowest tertile of activity saw the largest increase in their physical activity.

Conclusion
Results suggest small positive effects for the PACE labels on self-reported and objective physical activity measures. Minutes of weekly MVPA, strength training, and exercise activities showed modest increases. These results suggest that calorie-expenditure food labels may result in some limited increases in physical activity.
Tuberculosis infectious pool and associated factors in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Asemahagn Mulusew Andualem , Alene Getu Degu , Yimer Solomon Abebe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, tuberculosis (TB) lasts a major public health concern. Using feasible strategies to estimate TB infectious periods is crucial. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of TB infectious period and associated factors in East Gojjam zone.MethodsAn institution-based prospective study was conducted among 348 pulmonary TB (PTB) cases between December 2017 and December 2018. TB cases were recruited from all health facilities located in Hulet Eju Enesie, Enebse Sarmider, Debay Tilatgen, Dejen, Debre-Markos town administration, and Machakel districts. Data were collected through an exit interview using a structured questionnaire and analyzed by IBM SPSS version25. The TB infectious period of each patient category was determined using theTB management timeand sputum smear conversion time. The sum of the infectious period of each patient category gave the infectious pool of the study area. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the magnitude of TB infectious period.ResultsOf the total participated PTB cases, 209(60%) were male, 226(65%) aged < 30 years, 205(59%) were from the rural settings, and 77 (22%) had comorbidities. The magnitude of the TB infectious pool in the study area was 78,031 infectious person-days. The undiagnosed TB cases (44,895 days), smear-positive (14,625 days) and smear-negative (12,995 days) were major contributors to the infectious pool. The overall average medianTB management timewas 142.4 days (IQR, 98–238 days). Similarly, the average sputum smear conversion time of PTB cases (new and repeat) was 46 days. Residence, knowledge, form of TB, smoking, alcohol history, distance from the facility, comorbidity history and stigma were statistically significant factors TB infectious period (p-value< 0.05).ConclusionsThe magnitude of the TB infectious pool is high even if it is lower than the findings of previous studies. This might be an indicator of poor access to TB services, service delays, low community awareness, impaired facility readiness, and poor transportation. Improving personal awareness and behavior, timely management of commodities, and using theTB management timein TB control are crucial to improving TB control activities.