bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A random clockwork of flavor
Authors: de Souza Fernando Abreu , von Gersdorff Gero 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We propose a simple clockwork model of flavor which successfully generates the Standard Model flavor hierarchies from random order-one couplings. With very few parameters we achieve distributions of models in excellent agreement with observation. We explain in some detail the interpretation of our mechanism as random localization of zero modes in theory space. The scale of the vectorlike fermions is mostly constrained by lepton flavor violation with secondary constraints arising from rare meson decays.
Umstrukturierung der Risikoberechnung für die intensivierte Früherkennung im Deutschen Konsortium für Brust- und Eierstockkrebs
Authors: Quante Anne S. , Engel Christoph , Kiechle Marion , Schmutzler Rita K. , Fischer Christine 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungBrustkrebs ist die häufigste Krebserkrankung bei Frauen. Bei etwa 30 % der Betroffenen liegt eine familiäre Belastung entsprechend der Einschlusskriterien des Deutschen Konsortiums (DK) Familiärer Brust- und Eierstockkrebs vor. Frauen aus diesen Familien, bei denen eine Mutation in einem der bekannten Krebsgene nachgewiesen wird, erhalten u. a. das Angebot der Teilnahme am intensivierten Nachsorge- bzw. Früherkennungsprogramm (INFP). Wird in einer Familie allerdings keine Veränderung gefunden, basiert das Angebot auf einer Risikoberechnung. Erste Ergebnisse des DK legen es nahe, das INFP effizienter zu gestalten und diese Strategie weiter wissenschaftlich auszuwerten. Bisher wurde im DK das Risikoberechnungsprogramm Cyrillic verwendet. Da Cyrillic inhaltlich und technisch jedoch überholt ist, wird das DK die Risikoberechnung auf das Programm BOADICEA umstellen. BOADICEA wurde aus folgenden Gründen ausgewählt: (i) Es ist wissenschaftlich auf dem aktuellsten Stand, (ii) es liefert genauere Risikoberechnungen unter Einbezug neuer Risikogene und (iii) es wurde anhand von Daten des DK und weiterer Populationen entwickelt und validiert. Die Veränderung des Risikoberechnungsverfahrens beinhaltet, dass für die betroffenen Frauen abweichende Brustkrebsrisiken errechnet werden. Daher müssen neue Regeln zur Risikoklassifikation definiert werden, um die Effizienz des bisherigen INFP zu prüfen und ggf. weiter zu steigern.
Häusliche Gewalt gegen Männer – auch ein rechtsmedizinisches Problem?
Authors: Kolbe V. , Büttner A. 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Auch männliche Geschädigte von häuslicher Gewalt wenden sich mit ihren Verletzungen häufig zunächst an ihre Hausärzte/Hausärztinnen oder Ärzte/Ärztinnen in Notaufnahmen. Daher ist das weiterhin eher schambesetzte Thema „häusliche Gewalt gegen Männer“ für alle medizinischen Professionen relevant.

Methode
Es wurde eine retrospektive Datenanalyse für einen Fünfjahreszeitraum durchgeführt. Dabei wurde analysiert, wie viele Männer nach häuslicher Gewalt das Angebot einer rechtsmedizinischen Befunddokumentation angenommen haben. Darüber hinaus wurden die Art der erfahrenen Gewalt sowie die erlittenen Verletzungen untersucht.

Ergebnis
Zwischen 2013 und 2018 wurden insgesamt 867 Personen in der Rostocker Gewaltopferambulanz untersucht, darunter 455 Erwachsene (52,5 %). Auffallend ist die Zunahme von männlichen Geschädigten häuslicher Gewalt im Jahr 2018, die in diesem Untersuchungsjahr 10,3 % der untersuchten Erwachsenen ausmachten. Die Untersuchten wiesen Folgen gering- bis höhergradig intensiver, stumpfer Gewalteinwirkungen auf; überwiegend wurden kratzerartige Hautdefekte und Hämatome festgestellt.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse betonen Bedeutung und Notwendigkeit von rechtsmedizinischen Untersuchungsstellen. Die Weiterentwicklung der Präventionsarbeit sowie ein spezielles Angebot für betroffene Männer wären wünschenswert.
Es ist mehr belastbares Wissen zu dieser Thematik erforderlich, um auch als Mediziner*in dem stereotypen Bild gewalttätiger Männer mit einer faktenbezogenen Kenntnis begegnen zu können.
A Comparison of Intrathecal and Intravenous Morphine for Analgesia After Hepatectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Niewiński Grzegorz , Figiel Wojciech , Grąt Michał , Dec Marta , Morawski Marcin , Patkowski Waldemar , Zieniewicz Krzysztof 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundEffective analgesia is essential for patient recovery after liver resection. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the addition of preoperative intrathecal morphine to multimodal intravenous analgesia in patients undergoing liver resection.MethodsIn this single‐blind randomized controlled trial, patients undergoing liver resection were randomly assigned to the patient‐controlled analgesia with (ITM‐IV) or without (IV) preoperative intrathecal morphine groups. All patients received acetaminophen and dexketoprofen. The primary outcome was pain severity at rest over three postoperative days, assessed using the numerical rating scale (NRS).ResultsThe study included 36 patients (18 in each group). The mean maximum daily NRS scores over the first three postoperative days in the ITM‐IV and IV groups were 1.3, 1.1, and 0.3 and 1.6, 1.1, and 0.7, respectively (p = 0.580). No differences were observed in pain severity while coughing, with corresponding scores of 2.8, 2.1, and 1.1, respectively, in the ITM‐IV group and 2.3, 2.2, and 1.5, respectively, in the IV group (p = 0.963). Proportions of patients reporting clinically significant pain at rest and while coughing were 11.1% and 44.4%, respectively, in the ITM‐IV group, and 16.7% and 44.4%, respectively, in the IV group (both p > 0.999). Cumulative morphine doses in the ITM‐IV and IV groups were 26 mg and 17 mg, respectively (p = 0.257). Both groups also showed similar time to mobilization (p = 0.791) and solid food intake (p = 0.743), sedation grade (p = 0.584), and morbidity (p = 0.402).ConclusionsPreoperative intrathecal morphine administration provides no benefits to multimodal analgesia in patients undergoing liver resection.Trial registration numberClinicaltrial.gov Identifier: NCT03620916
Three-dimensional topography of scapular nutrient foramina
Authors: Donders J. C. E. , Prins J. , Kloen P. , Streekstra G. J. , Cole P. A. , Kleipool R. P. , Dobbe J. G. G. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to describe the number and location of the nutrient foramina in human scapulae which can minimize blood loss during surgery.

Methods
30 cadaveric scapulae were macerated to denude the skeletal tissue. The nutrient foramina of 0.51 mm and larger were identified and labeled by adhering glass beads. CT scans of these scapulae were segmented resulting in a surface model of each scapula and the location of the labeled nutrient foramina. All scapulae were scaled to the same size projecting the nutrient foramina onto one representative scapular model.

Results
Average number of nutrient foramina per scapula was 5.3 (0–10). The most common location was in the supraspinous fossa (29.7%). On the costal surface of the scapula, most nutrient foramina were found directly inferior to the suprascapular notch. On the posterior surface, the nutrient foramina were identified under the spine of the scapula in a somewhat similar fashion as those on the costal surface. Nutrient foramina were least present in the peri-glenoid area.

Conclusion
Ninety percent of scapulae have more than one nutrient foramen. They are located in specific areas, on both the posterior and costal surface.
Informatik – Kompetenzentwicklung bei Kindern
Authors: Humbert Ludger , Best Alexander , Micheuz Peter , Hellmig Lutz 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungInformatik ist notwendiger Bestandteil der allgemeinen Bildung. Die offensichtliche Durchdringung aller Lebens- und Arbeitsbereiche mit Artefakten der Informatik führte zu einer gesellschaftlichen Diskussion über die notwendigen informatikbezogenen Voraussetzungen in der schulischen Bildung. Im hexadezimalen Bildungssystem der Bundesrepublik finden sich vielfältige Bemühungen, die Verfügbarkeit von Infrastrukturelementen – Informatikmittel – für Bildungs- und Ausbildungskontexte zu verbessern. Die notwendige, informatikbezogene Vorbereitung der Lehrkräfte sowie der Erzieherinnen und Erzieher im Sinne einer Qualifikation fällt hinter Bemühungen um Ausstattungsinitiativen deutlich zurück. Die Bemühungen der Bildungsadministration bestehen wesentlich in der Ermöglichung des Erwerbs von Kompetenzen der Schülerinnen und Schüler zur Benutzung und zur Bedienung; allenfalls wird eine kritische Betrachtung gefordert. Die von der GI in den Empfehlungen zu einem Gesamtkonzept zur informatischen Bildung im Jahr 2000 vorgenommene Gesamtsicht auf die Bildungsbiographie wurde für alle weiterführenden Schulen, für die gymnasiale Oberstufe und zuletzt für den Primarbereich ausgearbeitet. Inzwischen hat Informatik als Schulfach in sieben von 16 Bundesländern Eingang in den verpflichtenden Bildungskanon für die weiterführenden Schulen gefunden. Es ist notwendig, sich der Ermöglichung informatischer Bildung bereits in der Grundschule konstruktiv zuzuwenden. So ist die Empfehlung der GI „Kompetenzen für informatische Bildung im Primarbereich“ ein weiterer Schritt auf dem Weg zur Etablierung der Informatik in der allgemeinen Bildung.
Influence of Ranibizumab versus laser photocoagulation on radiation retinopathy (RadiRet) - a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Seibel Ira , Vollhardt Daniela , Riechardt Aline I. , Rehak Matus , Schmied Sabine , Schiller Petra , Zeitz Oliver , Hellmich Martin , Joussen Antonia M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To demonstrate superiority of intravitreal ranibizumab 0.5 mg compared to focal and peripheral laser treatment in patients with radiation retinopathy for choroidal melanoma.

Methods
Inclusion criteria were as follows: patients with radiation retinopathy and visual acuity impairment due to radiation maculopathy accessible for laser therapy, age ≥ 18 years, and BCVA less than 20/32. The main objective was to study the change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) over 6 months from ranibizumab 0.5 mg (experimental) compared to focal laser of the macula and panretinal laser treatment of the ischemic retina (control) in patients with radiation retinopathy in choroidal melanoma. The secondary objectives of the radiation retinopathy study were to compare functional and anatomical results between ranibizumab and laser group over 12 months and to measure the frequency of vitreous hemorrhage and rubeosis iridis.

Results
The intention-to-treat analysis included 31 patients assigned to ranibizumab (n = 15) or laser treatment (n = 16). In terms of BCVA at month 6, ranibizumab was superior to laser treatment, with an advantage of 0.14 logMAR, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.25, p = 0.030. The positive effect of ranibizumab disappeared after treatment was discontinued. Similar results without statistically significant difference were found with respect to macular thickness. In both groups, no change was observed at month 6 in the size of ischemia in the macula or periphery compared to baseline. There was 1 case of vitreous hemorrhage in the laser group and no case of rubeosis iridis over time.

Conclusions
This study showed a statistically significant improvement in visual acuity and clear superiority of ranibizumab compared to laser treatment up to 26 weeks, but this effect disappeared at week 52 after completion of intravitreal treatment. Ranibizumab and PRP are considered equivalent in terms of the non-appearance of proliferative radiation retinopathy during the study.

Trial registration
EudraCT Number: 2011-004463-69
High level of unmet needs and anxiety are associated with delayed initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Zhu Li , Tong Yi Xin , Xu Xiang Shang , Xiao Ai Tang , Zhang Yu Jie , Zhang Sheng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Aims
Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for patients with curatively resected colorectal cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of unmet supportive care needs and anxiety on the initiation of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients.

Methods
This is a retrospective study from a single tertiary referral hospital. Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer who met the inclusion criteria were included. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and modified 34-item Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-SF34) were applied to assess patient’s anxiety level and unmet needs. The time intervals between initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy and operation were recorded. Factors associated with delayed initiation of chemotherapy were investigated in univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results
A total of 135 patients with colorectal cancer were included. In total, 16.3% (22/135) and 5.2% (7/135) reported symptoms of anxiety and depression. In multivariate analysis, low to moderate income status, postoperative complications, anxiety, and high level of unmet needs are independent risk factors for late initiation of chemotherapy.

Conclusions
Our findings showed that psychological problems such as anxiety and high unmet supportive needs are correlated with delayed initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients.
Ecology, Economy, and Upland Landscapes: Socio-Ecological Dynamics in the Alps during the Transition to Modernity
Authors: Carrer Francesco , Walsh Kevin , Mocci Florence 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHuman interaction with mountain environments is generally perceived as an adaptation of local communities to the constraining ecological and morphological characteristics of their territory, a preconception challenged by many historians and ecologists yet still largely accepted for seasonally exploited uplands. Traditional upland seasonal practices are considered timeless and immutable as the mountain landscapes shaped by such practices. We combine the methodologies of landscape archaeology, ethnoarchaeology, and historical ecology in order to examine the validity of this assumption. Our analysis of two case studies from the French and Italian Alps between the eighteenth and the twenty-first century shows that socioeconomic dynamics affect the resilience of local montane ecosystems and the historical character of upland landscapes, and reveals that historical social, economic, and ecological driving forces contributed to upland landscape change, so that the sustainability of ‘traditional’ mountain land-use should not be presumed.
Earth’s gravity from space
Authors: Rummel Reiner 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSatellite gravimetry began with the launch of the satellites Sputnik 1 and 2 in 1957. During the following 43 years, more and more details were discovered and the models of the Earth’s gravity could be refined. Methods improved and more and more satellite orbits and ground stations were added in the analysis, employing more advanced and precise measuring techniques. A new era started with the dedicated gravimetry missions CHAMP (2000–2010), GRACE (2002–2017), and GOCE (2009–2013). The methods of satellite-to-satellite tracking and satellite gradiometry resulted in a substantial improvement of our knowledge of the Earth’s gravity field in terms of accuracy and its spatial and temporal variations. There are three basic ways of using gravity and geoid models in Earth sciences and geodesy. First, in solid Earth physics, the highs and lows of the field are investigated in comparison with an idealized Earth, e.g., a hydrostatic equilibrium figure. In particular, in South America, Africa, Himalaya and Antarctica the gravity field is known much better now, due to GOCE and lead to an improved understanding of the continental crust and lithosphere. Second, in oceanography, the geoid serves as surface in equilibrium, a hypothetical ocean at rest. The ocean topography is the deviation of the actual ocean surface, measured by satellite altimetry, from this reference. The ocean topography serves as a new and independent input to ocean circulation modeling and leads to an improved understanding of ocean transport of mass, heat, and nutrients. Similarly, geodetic heights of the land surface will soon be referred to the geoid, leading to globally consistent heights and enabling the removal of existent systematic deformations and offsets of national and continental height systems. Third, the GRACE time series of monthly gravity models, reflecting seasonal, inter-annual and long-term gravity changes, became one of the most valuable data sources of climate change studies.
“We Go Totally Subjective”: Discretion, Discrimination, and Tenant Screening in a Landlord’s Market
Authors: Reosti Anna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article examines the challenges that the contemporary political economy of rental housing poses for new efforts to regulate tenant screening using antidiscrimination law. I draw on a case study of landlord practices in Seattle, Washington, where policy makers have been on the forefront of legal efforts to regulate how landlords screen and select rental applicants in the face of an acute housing crisis. The case study investigates tenant screening and selection practices from the divergent perspectives of the targets and intended beneficiaries of new fair housing regulations, using forty-six in-depth interviews with spokespersons or experts from the rental housing industry, independent landlords and property managers, and renters with criminal, eviction, and/or damaged credit histories. I use these data to examine how landlords’ discretionary decision-making and responses to regulation are shaped by the broader legal, institutional, and economic context in which they operate. The findings illuminate how a “landlord’s market” amplifies the power imbalance that is characteristic of landlord-tenant relations, exacerbates the housing access problems posed by the proliferation of background checks, and frustrates new legal efforts to dismantle screening-related barriers to rental housing.
Comparing and combining ethnographic records with active Māori histories to provide insights on tsunami hazard
Authors: King Darren N. , Manawatu Maurice , Shaw Wendy S. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTTectonic hazards have profoundly influenced Māori relationships with, and understandings of, the environment, with oral histories and ethnographic records referencing recurring encounters with volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis across Aotearoa-New Zealand. This research works alongside members of the Māori kin-group Ngāti Kuri to deliberate and compare active oral histories with two ethnographic records that potentially refer to ancestral experience with past tsunami(s) in the Kaikōura region. It applies an inductive-based methodology informed by “collaborative storytelling,” with the intent to appreciate the manner in which Ngāti Kuri interpret their past and present. The research affirms past catastrophic saltwater inundations and potential tectonic disturbances in the Kaikōura region. It also affirms that ethnographic records are not necessarily full or accurate accounts of historical events. The accounts presented here contribute to the reclaiming of Ngāti Kuri histories and point to new plural learning opportunities about coseismic tsunami hazard and history across the region.
Late Holocene fluctuations of Stoppani Glacier, southernmost Patagonia
Authors: Menounos Brian , Maurer Lyssa , Clague John J. , Osborn Gerald 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSome lateral moraines contain a rich record of Holocene glacial expansion. Previous workers have used such evidence to document glacial fluctuations in western Canada, Alaska, and the U.S. Pacific Northwest, but similar studies in Patagonia are uncommon. Here we report on the late Holocene behavior of Stoppani Glacier, a 75 km2 glacier sourced in the Cordillera Darwin, southernmost Patagonia. Based on radiocarbon-dated wood and organic material contained in the glacier's northeast lateral moraine, we infer that Stoppani Glacier advanced shortly before 3.8–3.6, at 3.2–2.8, 2.3–2.1, and 0.3–0.2, and possibly sometime before 1.4–1.3 and 0.8–0.7 cal ka BP. These advances culminated at 0.3–0.2 cal ka BP, when the glacier constructed a prominent end moraine, marking its greatest extent of the past 4000 years. Although the timing of several of the advances overlap with the age range of glacial expansion recognized elsewhere in Patagonia, some do not. Asynchronous behavior observed in the glacial record may arise from the type of evidence (e.g., lateral stratigraphy vs. end moraine) used to document glacial fluctuations or variations in climate or glacial response times. A significant difference between the Stoppani record and some other Patagonian records is that the former indicates general expansion of ice over the last 4000 years, whereas the latter indicate a net decrease in extent over that period.
Early lexical acquisition in the Wichi language
Authors: TAVERNA Andrea S. , WAXMAN Sandra R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis research brings new evidence on early lexical acquisition in Wichi, an under-studied indigenous language in which verbs occupy a privileged position in the input and in conjunction with nouns are characterized by a complex and rich morphology. Focusing on infants ranging from one- to three-year-olds, we analyzed the parental report of infants’ vocabulary (Study 1) and naturalistic speech samples of children and their caregivers (Study 2). Results reveal that: (1) although verbs predominate in the linguistic input, children's lexicons favor nouns over verbs; (2) children's early noun-advantage decreases, coming into closer alignment with the patterns in the linguistic input at a MLU of 1.5; and (3) this early transition is temporally related to children's increasing productive command over the grammatical categories that characterize the morphology of both nouns and verbs. These findings emphasize the early effects of language-specific properties of the input, broadening the vantage point from which to view the lexical acquisition process.
Magnetic fields along the star-formation sequence: bridging polarization-sensitive views
Authors: Maury Anaëlle , Hubrig Swetlana , Hull Chat 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIt is believed that magnetic fields play important roles in the processes leading to the formation of stars and planets. Polarimetry from optical to centimeter wavelengths has been the most powerful observing technique to study magnetic fields: the development of polarimetric capabilities on a wide range of observational facilities now allows to probe the magnetic field properties in various objects along the star formation sequence, from star-forming molecular clouds to young stars and their protoplanetary disks. However, the complexity of combining results from different observational techniques and facilities emphasizes the need to transcend historical barriers and bring together the various communities working with polarimetric observations. This Focus Meeting was a first step to compare observations of magnetic fields at the various evolutionary stages and physical scales involved in star formation processes, such that we can establish a coherent view of their key role in the multi-scale process of star formation.
Historical Novæ and Supernovæ
Authors: Pagnotta A. , Hamacher D. W. , Tanabe K. , Trimble V. , Vogt N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper brings together the chief points raised during FM5 by astronomers, archaeologists, and historians whose research interests centred on novæ and supernovæ. The common focus was the use of historical observations to study transient astronomical phenomena. The presenters covered a wide variety of topics within that theme, and this report summarizes some of the aspects specific to historical novæ and supernovæ.