bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Artificial Intelligence-based Multimodality-Integration for Precise Prediction of Prostate Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis: A Retrospective Two-center Study
Authors: Hou Ying , Bao Jie , Song Yang , Bao Mei-Ling , Jiang Ke-Wen , Zhang Jing , Yang Guang , Hu Chun-Hong , Shi Hai-Bin , Wang Xi-Ming , Zhang Yu-Dong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAccurate identification of pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) is crucial for determining appropriate treatment options. However, there is no clear consensus on the integration of clinicopathological and imaging findings available to predict PLNM. Therefore, we built a Prostate Cancer Risk (PRISK) tool using an artificial intelligence-based multimodality-integration to obtain a precisely informed decision about whether to perform extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND). MethodsPRISK provides a novel precise risk assessment tool to reduce unnecessary ePLNDs while controlling PLNM missing rate. It was developed in 280 patients and verified in 71 patients internally and in 50 patients externally by integrating a set of radiologists’ interpretations, clinicopathological factors and newly refined imaging indicators from MR images with radiomics machine learning and deep learning algorithms. Its clinical applicability was compared with Briganti and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) nomograms.ResultsPRISK yielded the best diagnostic performance with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.932 (95% CI, 0.895-0.958), 0.924 (95% CI, 0.837-0.974) and 0.758 (95% CI, 0.616-0.868) in the training/validation, internal test and external test cohorts. If the No. of ePLNDs missed for risk assessment is controlled at < 2%, PRISK can provide both higher No. of ePLNDs spared (PRISK 59.6% vs MSKCC 44.9% vs Briganti 37.7%) and lower No. of false-positives (PRISK 59.3% vs MSKCC 70.1% and Briganti 72.7%) as compared with MSKCC and Briganti score. In follow-up, patients stratified by PRISK showed significantly different biochemical recurrence rate after surgery.ConclusionsPRISK offers a noninvasive clinical biomarker to predict PLNM for patients with PCa. It shows improved accuracy of diagnosis support and reduced overtreatment burdens for patients with findings suggested of PCa.
Low Quality of Life (QoL) in Indian Breast Cancer Patients : A Critical Analysis of Up
Authors: Srivast Sanjiv , Srivast Alpana , Tiwari Sandeep 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBreast cancer is the commonest of all cancers among women across the world and India being no exception to this deadly disease. There may be many symptoms due to cancer, some are complex but some are not complex. Measuring quality of life (QoL) is important to measure overall burden of disease. It is important to evaluate cancer specific QoL which is associated to all stages of this disease. Also Quality of Life is a term that adds various dimensions of quality of life such as physical, psychological, socio-economical, spiritual, cognitional & social dimensions. Balance between all the four domains (i.e. Physical, Psychological, Social and Spiritual) means good quality of life, but in India QoL in general is not good and if we talk of cancer patients its worst.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is assessment of QoL in breast cancer patients undergoing treatment through various modalities at different stages of disease.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study, a total of 150 breast cancer patients were included. Patients quality of life were assessed by Ferrel‘s Quality of Life Instrument-Breast Cancer patient version and the instrument is already validated by Ferrel BR et al (2012). These questionnaires consist of general well-being, psychological well-being, distress, fearfulness, social concerns and spiritual well-being. The data obtained gives Cronbach alpha value of 0.642 which is reliable enough for further study. The QoL in for most subjects was around 50% and is a cause of concern as this is quite low as compare to global standards. ResultsA significant relationship between type of cancer, amount of pain, and fatigue (tiredness) was found. However, none of the demographic variables (age, marital status, income) were significantly related to QoL. Education and type of treatment were found to be correlated with QoL. The physical well-being score was found to be Mean = 4.82, SD = 2.19. The Psychological well-being score was found to be Mean=4.95, SD=2.02. For social well-being score was found to be Mean=4.98, SD=1.94. The highest score was for spiritual well-being Mean = 5.32, SD = 2.46.ConclusionInfluencing quality of life (QoL) is an important issue in Breast cancer patients. Apart from effect of treatment there are other factors like socioeconomic status, psychological well-being, fear of recurrence etc., Which plays a pivotal role in patients wellbeing and if counseled at various levels like family, hospital and society can improve QoL.
Sterile Field Contamination by Elastomeric Respirators Versus Surgical Masks and N95s
Authors: Howard Brittany , Thorwarth Ryan , Karam Karam , Snider Sam , Forzani Erica , Hentz Joseph , Graf Erin , Patel Bhavesh , McKay Kelly , Hinni Michael , Lal Devyani 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Elastomeric respirators are reusable and reliable protection from infectious aerosol particles such as SARS-CoV-2. There is a lack of safety data for use in sterile fields limiting application to operating room settings where high-risk aerosol generating procedures are performed. We hypothesized an equivalent reduction in sterile field contamination would be achieved using an elastomeric respirator covered by a surgical mask as compared to a standard surgical mask or N95.Methods: Randomized controlled crossover experiment with repeat measurement comparing microbial and aerosol contamination of operating room surfaces for elastomeric respirators, elastomeric respirators covered by a surgical mask, N95, surgical mask, and no mask. 80 experiments were performed by participants with randomized order and balanced crossover to all masking groups (n=16 per masking group). Participants executed droplet and aerosol generating procedures while wearing: (Group 1) elastomeric respirator with mask, (Group 2) elastomeric respirator only, (Group 3) N95, and (Group 4) surgical mask. Positive control was established with the participant unmasked (Group 5). Contamination was measured by microbial growth on settling plates and optical particle counters (0.2+ and 2 um+ particles).Results: There was a reduction in microbial contamination at the sterile field (p<0.001) for all masks (Groups 1-4) compared to unmasked (Group 5). The mean colony forming units (CFU) at the sterile field was 0 CFUs for elastomeric respirator (+/- mask), N95, and surgical mask versus unmasked growing 1.875 CFUs. Compared to the unmasked control, the elastomeric respirator (+/- mask), N95, and surgical masks all resulted in a -0.75 difference in contamination (95% CI -0.91 to -0.48, p < 0.001). No significant difference in contamination between the elastomeric respirator (+/- mask) and a surgical mask was detected. No significant difference in particle counts (0.2 µm+ and 2.0 µm+) between the elastomeric respirator (+/- mask) and a standard surgical mask.Conclusion and Relevance: Elastomeric respirators with or without mitigation are as effective as a surgical mask and N95 for reducing contamination at the sterile field in an operating room. Consideration should be given to expanding the use of elastomeric respirators to operating rooms during high-risk aerosol generating procedures.
Compound Dihuang Granule Attenuates the Da Neuron Loss and Motor Deficits in 6-OHDA&nbsp; Induced Parkinson’s Disease Rats
Authors: Wang Li , Bi Dian-yong , He Zhu-qing , Zhang Lei , Yang Yu-fang , He Jian-cheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) consisting of misfolded α-synuclein protein in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Compound Dihuang Granule (CDG), a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been clinically used in PD therapy with curative effects. However, the specific functions and the mechanism of action remained unclear. This paper study assesses the preventive and therapeutic effect of CDG on motor deficits and DA neuron loss of PD induced by 6-OHDA and the underlying mechanisms.Methods: PD rat model was induced by unilaterally stereotactic injection of 6-OHDA into the SNpc of midbrain then the motor deficits were evaluated with apomorphine (APO) induced abnormal rotational behaviors. The striatal contents of neurotransmitters were detected by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). The number of DA neurons were determined with immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Protein expression levels were determined with Western blotting assay. Indicators of oxidative stress were determined with colorimetric method. Apoptotic cells were detected by Transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The expression of neurotrophic factors was examined with IHC staining.Results: With a 6-week treatment, CDG significantly attenuated the 6-OHDA induced abnormal rotational behaviors and alleviated the loss of DA neurons in the nigrostriatal axis. Consistently, the striatal contents of DA and its metabolites including DOPAC and HVA of PD rats were all significantly increased with CDG treatment. The 6-OHDA induced oxidative stress indicated with decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA)was also suppressed by CDG. Moreover, CDG treatment inhibited the 6-OHDA induced cell apoptosis indicated with decreased apoptotic cells in the SNpc and increased protein expression ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the striatum. The expression levels of neurotrophic factors including nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)in the SNpc of PD rats were also increased by CDG.Conclusion: CDG could ameliorate the 6-OHDA induced brain injuries and motor symptoms mainly by inhibition of the oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in the nigrostriatal axis, and enhancing the expression of neurotrofic factors in the midbrain of rats.
Biological Cadmium Detoxification in Rice Using the Fungus Trametes Pubescens: A Promising and Feasible Approach
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Li , Lin Xiuying , Enayatizamir Naeimeh , Fu Pengcheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Cadmium is a widely dispersed metal element that may be released to the environment with accelerated anthropogenic activities. Rice with high cadmium content is a serious threat to food safety and human health. Results: A heavy metal-resistant white rot fungus Trametes pubescens MB 89 with remarkable ability to prevent rice from cadmium toxification has been investigated in this study. We have assessed the biosorption of this ectomycorrhizal fungus with high concentrations of Cd2+. Results indicate that the maximum removal rate of Cd2+ from aqueous solution (10 mg/L) by T. pubescens MB 89 was 53.13%. A biofilm was formed on the cell surface of mycelium with Cd (II) been reduced to Cd (0) in the form of nanoscale particles in aqueous solution. It was found that the functional groups of –OH, –NH, C-H, C=O, C-O, S=O on the surface of T. pubescens MB 89 participated in the Cd2+ detoxification process. The effect of rice plant colonization with T. pubescens MB 89 was investigated with the pot experiments showing that it could significantly promoted rice seedlings growth and reduced cadmium accumulation on rice tissues. Moreover, the fungal colonization could decrease the cadmium transport to the rice roots, ameliorate cadmium toxicity and ensure the normal absorption and transportation of nutrients by the roots. Conclusion: This study showed a promising potential for T. pubescens MB 89 to prevent cadmium toxification for the rice grains in paddy fields. To further investigate the mechanism of T. pubescens to protect and promote rice growth, our next research focus will be on the beneficial interactions of ectomycorrhizal fungi and the rice root system with the aid of the root-fungal interactome analysis.
Gendering COVID-19: Impact of the Pandemic on Women's Burden of Unpaid Work in India
Authors: Chauhan Priyanshi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the already existing gender inequalities with substantial implications on women. With the closure of offices and educational institutions, and the emerging norm of work from home and online education, along with the lack of services of domestic worker, the need to perform unpaid chores in the household has increased. Simultaneously, the requirements of social distancing and sanitization have created new unpaid chores. Owing to the sexual division of labour, and gendered roles and social norms of performing domestic and care work, the burden of unpaid work falls disproportionately on women. In this context, the objective of the paper is to study the impact of COVID-19 on time spent on unpaid work and the underlying gender differences in the urban centres in India. Specifically, the paper will do a comparative analysis of the gender differences in time spent on unpaid work before and during the lockdown, and analyse the reasons for the same.
Clinical and laboratory differences in patients with local and generalized forms of Kaposi sarcoma
Authors: Renev V. D. , Karamov E. V. , Veselova E. I. , Lovacheva O. V. , Tyulkova T. E. , Kaminskiy G. D. 
Published: September 2020

The objective: to evaluate clinical and laboratory parameters in local and generalized forms of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in HIV infected patients to detect predictors of generalized forms of the disease.Subjects and methods. Case histories of 58 HIV infected patients with KS at the age from 28 to 80 years old were respectively analyzed; they all received treatment in National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases of the Russian Ministry of Health in 2018-2020. Cases were divided into 2 groups depending on KS manifestations. LF group (local form of KS, n = 28) included the patients with skin lesions; GF group (generalized form of KS, n = 30) included patients with skin lesions and one or several lesions in the other sites: the mucous membrane of gastrointestinal tract, the mucous membrane of tracheobronchial tree, and lung parenchyma.Results. Patients with the generalized form of KS had a higher frequency of skin lesions on the body (pχ2 = 0.036), face (pχ2 = 0.033), and multiple sites (pχ2 = 0.018). Patients from both groups had low CD4+ count, but it was more severe in GF group (pχ2 = 0.027) with a significant increase of the viral load (pχ2 = 0.047). The predictors of the generalized form of KS are the following: the presence of specific lesions on the skin of body, face and multiple localizations, CD4 level below 125 cells/mcL, increase in the viral load above 5.3log10 copies/ml, reduction of erythrocytes level below 3.1 × 1012 cells/L. Among 24 patients with KS who had 4-6 predictors, 19 (79.2%) had the generalized form. Among KS patients with not a single predictor, there were no cases of generalized form, as well as there were no cases of local forms among patients who had 5 and 6 predictors.
The multicenter observational non-interventional study of combination anti-tuberculosis drugs used in treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients
Authors: Tyulkova T. E. , Mokhireva I. V. , Starshinova A. A. , Yablonskiy P. K. , Аkhilgova L. I. , Baronova O. D. , Gromov A. V. , Otpuschenikova O. N. , Oganezova G. S. , Levchenko M. V. , Panova I. A. , Trushina O. A. , Yasinetskaya N. V. , Sakharitova E. A. 
Published: September 2020

The objective of the study:to run a multicenter non-interventional observational study to assess treatment outcomes in tuberculosis patients receiving combination drugs with fixed doses, and to evaluate tolerability and safety of these drugs.Subjects and methods.13 TB units participated in this study which lasted from 2016 to 2018. The primary population (PP) included of 489 patients, after applying the exclusion criteria – the subpopulation (subPP) included 267 patients with newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis and relapses who received treatment as per chemotherapy regimen I or III. Descriptive statistics methods were used for statistical data processing.Results.Of all PP, 267 (54.6%) completed the main course of chemotherapy. (subPP). Out of 489 patients, treatment was discontinued in 118 (24.1%) of them. Primary drug resistance was detected in 30 (6.1%) patients out of 489 patients, secondary drug resistance – in 74 (15.1%) of 489. In subPP, by the end of the intensive phase the sputum conversion was achieved in 78 (96.3%) of 81 patients. Clinical and X-ray changes had been observed in this subgroup for 106.2 to 63.3 days (median 90). The duration of the intensive phase in the subPP made 107.9 ± 50.5 days. In safety assessment, 191 adverse events (AE) were registered in 149 (30.5%) of 489 patients. By severity, most AEs were minor (164 out of 191), moderate AEs were less frequent (20 out of 191), and there were 7 cases of serious AEs. 61 AEs in 57 (38.2%) out of 149 patients were confidently associated with in-take of the studied drugs. The structure of those AEs, transient transaminase level elevation prevailed (45 (73.8%) of 61 AEs, but there was a single case (1.6%) drug-induced hepatitis). Among the serious AEs, two cases were safely resolved by the end of the protocol, two of them were fatal in TB/HIV co-infection, and three cases were diagnosed with cancer.
La competencia digital de la ciudadanía, una necesidad creciente en una sociedad digitalizada
Authors: Silva Quiroz Juan Eusebio , Lázaro-Cantabrana José Luis 
Published: September 2020

La sociedad de la información ha generado una nueva alfabetización de carácter digital que por sus aristas e implicancias en la educación, la formación y el ámbito laboral, se ha acuñado el término de competencia digital. Este artículo aborda la problemática de la competencia digital en la ciudadanía, entendida como un elemento clave para desenvolverse en la sociedad del conocimiento y aprovechar las potencialidades de la tecnología digital y las oportunidades que estas brindan en diferentes ámbitos del desarrollo profesional y personal de las persona. Para tal efecto se aborda la problemática de la competencia digital, la brecha digital que es un elemento que dificulta el desarrollo y se propone un conjunto de recomendaciones que facilitarían el desarrollo de la competencia digital en la ciudadanía.
Study of Online Taxi Choice Model in Indonesia
Authors: Sitinjak Tarita Aprilani , Djakfar Ludfi , Wicaksono Achmad 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Online taxis, a travel mode with personalized comfort based on mobile Internet technology, are now rapidly expanding in Indonesia.

Objectives:
This study aims to analyze the influence of the personal characteristics and travel characteristics on the choice of an online taxi or conventional taxi and to analyze the online taxi performance in the cities of Surabaya and Malang, Indonesia.

Methods:
A Stated Preference questionnaire was designed and a Google Forms survey was conducted to obtain data; 200 responses were collected. The binary logit model was employed to analyze the influence of the personal characteristics and travel characteristics on the choice modal. Importance-Performance Analysis was proposed to understand the performance of online taxis.

Results:
By applying the binary logit model, it was found that for variables based on a personal characteristic, age and occupation are the most influential variables that affect the decision to use an online-taxi, while for travel characteristic variables, travel cost is the most influential factor in traveler’s choice-making. According to the sensitivity analysis, the midpoint for travel cost was found to be Rp 9.606,20, and 13,43 minutes for pick up time. Through Importance-Performance Analysis, it was found that no attributes need to be improved.

Conclusion:
The estimated logit model can describe the personalized travel mode choice well. The users of an online taxi are people of young age and non-working group. If the gap price and the gap pick up time more than midpoint, the majority of travelers will most likely shift to conventional taxis. The online taxi performance has already met passenger satisfaction.
Effect of Gravel-sand Ratio on Physico-mechanical, Thermal and Macrostructural Properties of Micro Epoxy Polymer Concrete based on a Mixture of Alluvial-dune Sand
Authors: Kerrida Zineb , Berkak Hichem , Makhloufi Zoubir , Bederina Madani , Ferhat Ahmida 
Published: September 2020

Introduction:In the Polymer Concrete (PC) composites, aggregates are the most important constituent, which considerably affect their performance. The purpose of this experimental study is to examine the effect of Gravel-to-Sand (G/S) ratio on the physico-mechanical, thermal and microstructural properties of epoxy micro-polymer concrete made up of local aggregates.Materials & Methods:The Micro Epoxy Polymer Concrete (MEPC) studied consists of epoxy resin as a binder and a mixture of two types of sands (alluvial (0/0.63 mm) and dune (0/4 mm) sands), as well as crushed limestone gravel (3/8 mm). Six compositions were prepared with two epoxy resin contents (10% and 14% of the total weight of mixture) and three G/S ratios (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75). The studied properties are density, water absorption, compressive and flexural strengths, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, specific heat and macrostructure.Results & Discussion:The obtained results show that the G/S ratio, as well as the epoxy resin content, has a significant influence on the properties of MEPC. In addition, 14% epoxy resin and the G/S ratio of 0.75 can be considered as optimal values, which lead to very interesting physico-mechanical performances (denser and less porous material, more resistant with almost similar thermal conductivity). Moreover, the density, the water absorption and the optical microscopic observation confirm that mixes containing 14% epoxy are more impermeable, compact and homogeneous than those containing 10% epoxy.Conclusion:Finally, it should be noted that the incorporation of aggregates being relatively coarse decreases the grains’ specific surface and reduces the porosity of the granular mix, which enable the epoxy product to completely cover the surface of mineral grains. A perfect covering of aggregate grains with a bender improves the adhesion between the aggregates and the polymer matrix.