bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Reporting and Sustainable Corporate Governance from European Perspective
Authors: Mähönen Jukka 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAccording to the Cadbury Committee (1992) classical definition, corporate governance is ‘the system by which companies are directed and controlled.’ In the Cadbury Report and in other mainstream corporate governance codes, ‘system’ refers only to the ‘financial aspects of corporate governance’, that is, shareholder value and emphasis on the board’s and the management’s accountability to providers of financial capital only. During the last few years however, sustainability has been included through ‘integrated reporting’ in corporate governance codes especially in Africa (South Africa) and Asia (Malaysia, Philippines). For example, the South African King reports on corporate governance connect the use of integrated reporting to report on an organisation’s corporate governance practices and economic-social-environmental triple-bottom-line performance.The leading normative framework for integrated reporting, the International Integrated Reporting Council’s International <IR> Framework, is based on an idea of ‘shared value creation’ by providers of the ‘six capitals’ (financial, manufactured, intellectual, human, societal and environmental capitals). As such integrated reporting represents a stakeholder management model already integrated – at least on the text level – in many corporate governance codes, just enlarging the concept of capital providers from shareholders only to other internal stakeholders, and the goal of capital efficiency and profit maximisation from financial capital only to other five forms of internal capital provisions. It is also a new step in the development of social and environmental accounting and reporting, rooting from the 1970s and sustainability reporting from the 1990s.The concept of a ‘business model’ represents the way how an organisation creates value, comprising all its activities, its relationships with stakeholders and its tangible and intangible assets and liabilities, and finally the boards responsibilities, as for the board, ‘corporate governance’ and sustaining and developing the company’s business model are essentially the same thing. In the end of the day, it is a question what kind of ‘business model’ integrated reporting based corporate governance really reflects, and how it possible varies from shareholder-centred business model.The purpose of this paper is to test (1) what kind of stakeholder model, if any, integrated reporting and especially International <IR> Framework represents, (2) what is the impact, if any, of integrated reporting to material corporate governance in the codes it is included in, and (3) if yes, does an integrated view and especially the ‘integrated thinking’ behind International <IR> Framework represent a genuine sustainable value creation driven business model based on the boundaries of the planet and social foundation for the humanity, or is it only a view to encourage organisations to take care of the profits of the specific capital providers.
Impact of water temperature on reconstitution of quality controls for routine hemostasis testing
Authors: De Nitto Simone , Salvagno Gian Luca , Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Gosselin Robert C. , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to investigate whether the temperature of distilled water used for reconstituting lyophilized routine internal quality control (IQC) material may influence the process of validation of analytical sessions of routine hemostasis testing.

Methods
Routine hemostasis testing was performed for 10 consecutive days using two levels of IQC materials dissolved using distilled water at three different temperatures (2–4°C, 22–24°C and 36–38°C). The tests assayed comprised prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FBG), antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), protein S (PS) and D-dimer (D-Dimer HS 500), using the same ACL TOP 700 hemostasis instrument.

Results
Overall, 50% (i.e. 7/14) IQC measurements displayed statistically significant bias when lyophilized material was dissolved with distilled water at 3–5°C compared to 22–24°C, and in two instances (level I for both PT and D-dimer) the bias was higher than the quality specifications. Concerning lyophilized material dissolved with distilled water at 36–38°C, 21% (3/14) IQC values displayed a statistically significant bias compared to 22–24°C, and in one instance (level 2 for PT) the bias was higher than the quality specifications.

Conclusions
The results of this study show that water temperature, as used to dissolve lyophilized IQC material, may represent an important pre-analytical variable in routine hemostasis testing, especially cold temperatures. Laboratory professionals are encouraged to standardize water temperature, preferably between 22 and 24°C, before reconstituting lyophilized IQC materials used to validate routine hemostasis testing.
Effect of Swirl on Gasification Characteristics in an Entrained-flow Coal Gasifier
Authors: Li Rongbin , Xie Mingzhuang , Jin Hui , Guo Liejin , Liu Fengqin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe three-dimensional (3-D) comprehensive mathematical model was developed to simulate the coal gasification process in an entrained flow gasifier with a swirl burner. The models employed or developed includes the coal devolatilization model, the char combustion and gasification model, the gas homogeneous reaction model, the random-trajectory model, gas turbulence model, and the P-1 radiation model. The solution of models was executed based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD). By qualitatively comparing the results at different swirl number, the significant influences of swirl on characteristics of coal gasification such as flow distributions, gas temperature and product composition including hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), etc., and on the performance of coal gasification such as averaged exit product composition, carbon conversion rate and cold gas efficiency, were in detail discussed. Especially, a proper swirl number (S ≤ 0.65) in favor of gasification was found for the investigated gasifier in this paper.
A Novel Micromixer with Fractal Obstacles Designed Based on Generalized Murray’s Law
Authors: Xu Jiajia , Chen Xueye 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we designed tree-like branch structures with two levels according to generalized Murray’s law, and set them as obstacles in microchannels. The influence of the mixing performance of the micromixer was studied by changing the geometry sizes of obstacles, the branch angles and the distances between obstacles. The mixing performance of micromixer was analyzed from three aspects, including mixing efficiency, flow behavior, and pressure drop.We designed three different obstacles A, B, and C, the micromixer with obstacle C has the highest mixing efficiency. For the distances of obstacles, the micromixer with smaller distance has the higher mixing efficiency. The micromixer with branch angle of 75° has the highest mixing efficiency in the range of Reynolds number (Re) 0.1 to 150.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Biodiesel by Direct Transesterification of Rapeseed Cake
Authors: Zieniuk Bartłomiej , Wołoszynowska Małgorzata , Białecka-Florjańczyk Ewa 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Increase in energy demand and limited sources of fossil fuels force the world’s population to seek new energy sources Biodiesel obtained by transesterification of oils with an alcohol in the presence of catalysts is an example of renewable fuel. The aim of the study was to assess the best conditions for enzymatic biodiesel synthesis by direct transesterification of rapeseed cake using Taguchi method. The influence of alcohol (methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol), temperature (30–60 °C), C. antarctica lipase B concentration (0.5–2 %), time (6–48 h) and rapeseed cake to alcohol ratio (1:2–1:5) was examined in the synthesis of fatty acid alkyl esters. Optimum conditions for direct enzymatic transesterification of rapeseed cake are: 30 °C, 12 h, 0.5 % of lipase and ethanol in 4:1 ratio to rapeseed cake.
The Competitive Impact of Cooperatives on the Spot Market: A Spatial Analysis of Iowa Corn Prices
Authors: Grashuis Jasper 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Imperfect competition in the agricultural input procurement market is prevalent, especially at the local and regional scale. While there is much theoretical work on the positive effect of cooperatives on spatial competition, applied research is relatively scarce. We address the gap in the literature with an empirical study of cash prices in the Iowa corn market. With 589 observations from the 2018 harvest season, we construct a spatial model of price competition among grain handlers within a 20-mile radius. Among other findings, we conclude the ownership structure of Iowa grain handlers is important to explain the spatial dependence in corn cash prices. On average, cooperative grain handlers offer a lower corn cash price as compared to corporate grain handlers (¢1.20–1.72 per bushel), which is likely offset by refunds and dividends at the end of the fiscal year. At the same time, cooperative grain handlers force an adjustment in the behaviour and pricing strategy of nearby competitors. Cooperative grain handlers on average facilitate a significant increase of ¢0.65–2.08 per bushel in the corn cash price of competitors within a 5–17 mile radius. Our novel findings inform recommendations in terms of spatial entry and location decisions by cooperative grain handlers.
The synthesis and crystal structure of N-(3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-phenylacetamide, C20H10N4Cl2F6O2S
Authors: Chen Lianqing , Tang Chenglong , Long Zhang , Wu Zhongda 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
C20H10N4Cl2F6O2S, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 11.5523(17) Å, b = 16.120(2) Å, c = 13.0228(18) Å, β = 114.297(2)°, V = 2210.3(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0578, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1699, T = 173 K.
Being and Becoming a Monk on Mount Athos: An Ontological Approach to Relational Monastic Personhood in the “Garden of the Virgin Mary” as a Rite of Passage
Authors: Paganopoulos Michelangelo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper brings together ethnography as practice research, and theology as experiential theory, towards an ontological interdisciplinary understanding of relational personhood on Mount Athos. The first part of the paper consists of ethnographic data gathered from the field, approaching monastic life as a rite of passage to heaven, and using the anthropological discourse of the “sacred” to represent and interpret this passage in sociological and moral terms. The second part of the essay expands on this empirical material by following the two “fundamental” elements of personhood, Freedom and Otherness, in the respective Christological discourses of Zizioulas and Yannaras. The aim of the second part is to ontologically expand on the experience of relational personhood by approaching theology as a kind of practice [“theoro” as “I-see-God” via practices of faith] that takes us to deeper levels of understanding of being and becoming, in relation both to the invisible God and the visible, material World. In this context, the focus of the paper gradually moves from the Athonian landscape. informed by the energies of God that run through it, to Athonian personhood as defined by the personal and ontological relation of each monk to the landscape, which includes themselves, in an ontologically relational manner. As I argue, this relational ontology extends from the grace received in everyday practices by all the monks to the charismatic personalities, whose individual agency and freedom from nature enabled them to change Athonian history and become emblems of the contemporary ideals of monastic life as a dialectical symbiosis within God and nature.
Effect of Magnetic Field on the Unsteady Boundary Layer Flows Induced by an Impulsive Motion of a Plane Surface
Authors: Dholey S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The unsteady laminar boundary layer flow of an electrically conducting viscous fluid near an impulsively started flat plate of infinite extent is considered, with a view to examine the influence of transverse magnetic field fixed to the fluid. A new type of similarity transformation is proposed, which renews the governing partial differential equation into a linear ordinary differential equation with four physical parameters, viz. unsteadiness parameter β, magnetic parameter M, and the velocity indices (p, q). The analytic solution of this equation has been found in terms of a first kind confluent hypergeometric function for some specific parameter regimes. This solution shows the structure of a new type of boundary layer flow that includes the solution of the first Stokes problem as a special case. For non-zero values of (p, q), there is a definite range of p (either −∞ < p < 2q or 2q < p < ∞ according to β < or > 0) for which this flow problem will be valid. This analysis reveals an important relation

(

p
β

+

M
2

=

q
β

)

$(p\beta+{M^{2}}=q\beta)$

at which separation appears inside the layer and has been detected as the separation threshold of the problem. Indeed, this relation gives us the critical value of one when the others are known. Flow separation inside the layer is delayed with an increasing value of q but cannot be completely removed whatever is the value of q (>0). The present analysis ensures that the reverse flow can be suppressed by the use of a proper amount of magnetic field M depending upon the values of p, q, and β. The obtained result provides insight into the stability of the boundary layer flows.
High-Intensity Functional Training Improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Neuromuscular Performance Without Inflammation or Muscle Damage
Authors: Posnakidis Georgios , Aphamis George , Giannaki Christoforos D. , Mougios Vassilis , Aristotelous Panagiotis , Samoutis George , Bogdanis Gregory C. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Posnakidis, G, Aphamis, G, Giannaki, CD, Mougios, V, Aristotelous, P, Samoutis, G, and Bogdanis, GC. High-intensity functional training improves cardiorespiratory fitness and neuromuscular performance without inflammation or muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 615–623, 2022—We examined the effects of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) on cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular performance, as well as on inflammatory and muscle damage markers. Thirteen physically active healthy volunteers (aged 28.3 ± 3.8 years, 5 men and 8 women) underwent 8 weeks of a group HIFT program performed 3 times per week. Each session consisted of 4 rounds of a 9-exercise circuit (30-second exercise and 15-second recovery). During the first and last weeks of training, venous blood was sampled daily to monitor changes in serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and creatine kinase (CK). After 8 weeks of HIFT, body fat decreased by 0.64 ± 1.01 kg (p = 0.041), maximal oxygen uptake improved by 1.9 ± 2.2 ml·kg−1·min−1 (p = 0.009), countermovement jump by 2.6 ± 1.5 cm (p = 0.001), bench press 1-repetition maximum (1RM) by 4.5 ± 3.8 kg (p = 0.001), maximum number of bench press repetitions at 65% 1RM by 4 ± 5 repetitions (p = 0.03), and abdominal muscle endurance by 6 ± 4 repetitions (p < 0.001). In both week 1 and week 8 of training, CK increased mildly in the morning after the first session of the week (main effect for day, p = 0.008), whereas no significant changes were observed in CRP (p = 0.31). During week 8, CK on all days was ∼32% lower compared with week 1 (160 vs. 235 U·L−1; main effect of week 1 vs. week 8, p = 0.027), whereas CRP remained unchanged (p = 0.225). This HIFT program was effective in improving cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular physical fitness without causing significant inflammation or muscle damage in physically active subjects.
التكنولوجيا في التعليم: تطبيق البرنامج الأبعاد الثلاثة آوورورا في تنمية مهارة القراءة
Authors: Toha Muhammad 
Published: February 2020

Technology is the evidence of progress achieved by human in science. By having technology, some instruments and means are improving to help people solve some problems of life. When researchers ask education practitioners about technology, surely they will say that technology is the use of instruments and means perfectly to help people do the daily activities. Technology also should be used in teaching-learning process at school so that it will be more effective to deliver the materials to students. The process of learning can run better by using technology than the previous era which did not use technology, especially in learning of reading skill. Aurora 3 Dimensions (3D) program is one of the computer programs which provides 3 dimensions and eye looking picture, so that students will be interested in learning reading skill. Hopefully Aurora 3 dimensions technology will influence significantly in improving students’ reading competence.
Teknologi adalah bukti kemajuan yang dicapai manusia dalam bidang pengetahuan. Karena dengannya berkembanglah instrumen dan piranti untuk membantu manusia dalam memecahkan problematika hidup. Ketika peneliti bertanya kepada para praktisi pendidikan tentang teknologi, tentu mereka akan menjawab bahwa teknologi adalah penggunaan instrumen dan piranti secara sempurna untuk membantu manusia dalam melakukan aktifitas sehari-hari. Teknologi juga harus digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah yang berpeluang memudahkan penyampaian materi ajar kepada siswa. Dengan adanya teknologi proses pembelajaran bisa berjalan lebih baik dibanding masa sebelum penggunaan teknologi utamanya dalam pembelajaran keterampilan membaca. Program tiga dimensi (3 D) Aurora adalah salah satu program komputer yang mampu menghasilkan tampilan gambar dalam bentuk tiga dimensi dan eye looking sehingga akan membuat siswa tertarik dalam pembelajaran keterampilan membaca. Semoga teknologi tiga dimensi (3D) Aurora akan berpengaruh secara signifikan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca siswa.
تطبيق الدرس الإضافي في مركز تنمية اللغة الأجنبية لترقية مهارة الكلام لتلاميذ الصف الحادي عشر بمعهد سونن درجات الاسلامي بانجارانيار باشيران لامنجان
Authors: Mardliyah Ainaaul , Huda Hisbullah , Azhari Saifullah 
Published: February 2020

The institute for Foreign Language Development (LPBA) is a program centered on foreign language learning activities for students of the Sunan Drajat Paciran Islamic Boarding School in Lamongan. The purpose of this institution is to master foreign language, especially Arabic and English. Therefore, researchers want to know about how to apply additional lessons in the Foreign Language Development Institute (LPBA). This research was conducted at the Sunan Drajat Paciran Islamic Boarding School in Lamongan, with class XI as the sample. This study uses descriptive quantitative method to determine the efficiency of speaking skills using the test formula “t”. The results of this study indicate an increase in santri’s speaking skills after the implementation of additional learning at the Institute for Foreign Language Development (LPBA) at the Sunan Drajat Paciran Islamic Boarding School in Lamongan with the value of t count 9.823 greater that t table 2.026 and this indicates Ho is rejected.
Lembaga Pengembangan Bahasa Asing (LPBA) adalah suatu program yang berpusat pada kegiatan pembelajaran bahasa asing bagi santri Pondok Pesantren Sunan Drajat Paciran Lamongan. Tujuan dari berdirinya lembaga ini adalah diharapkan agar siswa menguasai bahasa asing, terutama Bahasa Arab dan Bahasa Inggris. Oleh sebab itu, peneliti ingin mengetahui tentang bagaimana penerapan pelajaran tambahan yang ada di Lembaga Pengembangan Bahasa Asing (LPBA). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pondok Pesantren Sunan Drajat Paciran Lamongan, dengan kelas XI sebagai sampelnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengetahui efesiensi keterampilan berbicara dengan menggunakan rumus test “t”. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan keterampilan berbicara santri setelah dilaksanakan penerapan pembelajaran tambahan di Lembaga Pengembangan Bahasa Asing (LPBA) di Pondok Pesantren Sunan Drajat Paciran Lamongan. Dengan nilai t Hitung 9,823 lebih besar dari t table 2,026 dan ini menunjukkan Ho ditolak.
Studi Komparatif Dan Kontrastif Nilai-Nilai Fonologi Antara Bahasa Indonesia Dan Bahasa Arab Bagi Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Authors: Mufilhah Muflihah 
Published: February 2020

Phonology (‘Ilmu Aṣwat) is a branch of linguistics that talks about the sound of language that is able to distinguish the meaning of a word or a science that studies the sounds of particular language according to its function to distinguish lexical meaning. The first problem in learing oral language is the problem of his speech. Before someone learns the meaning of various words and grammar, he must recognize the sounds used in that language. Therefore, the researcher proposes the title to find out some of the problems examined in this study: how to compare the phonological values between Arabic and Indonesian language in order to develop teaching materials for aṣwat sciense materials to identify these problems in depth and comprehensively. This research uses qualitaive-descriptive. The results of this study are a comparative study of phonological values between Arabic and Indonesian is the possibility of identical characteristics between both of them in term of places of articulation and the sound charasteristics.
في إدارة الصف لترقية مهارة الكلام لطلاب الفصل الثامن بالمدرسة المتوسطة الإسلامية الحكومية بيلانج كنتشنج ماديونBoardroom فعالية تطبيق
Authors: Rahmaningsih Ulfa , Bakar Yunus Abu , Wafa Ali 
Published: February 2020

The teaching process that still uses traditional methods has an impact to students. One of that impact is the obstructed of student’s ability to master speaking skills, whereas the main function of language learning is as a communication tool. Therefore, researchers want to provide one way to improve the ability to speak Arabic, namely by using the Boardroom application. By using this application, the process of teaching Arabic in the classroom will be more innovative and raises student’s corage in their Arabic speaking skills. This research was conducted on eight grade students of the Belang Islamic junior high school, Kancheng Madiun. This study uses quantitative methods. The data collection process will be carried out by interviews, questionares, tests and drawings. Whit this method of data collection, the researchers will get more validity and depth data in the field.