bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between number and type of conditions and physical activity levels in adults with multimorbidity - a cross-sectional study from the Danish Lolland-Falster health study
Authors: Jørgensen Lars Bo , Mortensen Sofie Rath , Tang Lars Hermann , Grøntved Anders , Brønd Jan Christian , Jepsen Randi , Petersen Therese Lockenwitz , Skou Søren T. 
Published: December 2024

Aim To provide detailed descriptions of the amount of daily physical activity (PA) performed by people with multimorbidity and investigate the association between the number of conditions, multimorbidity profiles, and PA. Methods All adults (≥18 years) from The Lolland-Falster Health Study, conducted from 2016 to 2020, who had PA measured with accelerometers and reported medical conditions were included (n=2,158). Sedentary behavior and daily PA at light, moderate, vigorous, and moderate to vigorous intensity and number of steps were measured with two accelerometers. Associations were investigated using multivariable and quantile regression analyses. Results Adults with multimorbidity spent nearly half their day sedentary, and the majority did not adhere to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) PA recommendations (two conditions: 63%, three conditions: 74%, ≥four conditions: 81%). Number of conditions was inversely associated with both PA for all intensity levels except sedentary time and daily number of steps. Participants with multimorbidity and presence of mental disorders (somatic/mental multimorbidity) had significantly lower levels of PA at all intensity levels, except sedentary time, and number of daily steps, compared to participants with multimorbidity combinations of exclusively somatic conditions. Conclusion Levels of sedentary behavior and non-adherence to PA recommendations in adults with multimorbidity were high. Inverse associations between PA and the number of conditions and mental multimorbidity profiles suggest that physical inactivity increases as multimorbidity becomes more complex.
An empirical study on 209 networks of treatments revealed intransitivity to be common and multiple statistical tests suboptimal to assess transitivity
Authors: Spineli Loukia M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Transitivity assumption is the cornerstone of network meta-analysis (NMA). Investigating the plausibility of transitivity can unveil the credibility of NMA results. The commonness of transitivity was examined based on study dissimilarities regarding several study-level aggregate clinical and methodological characteristics reported in the systematic reviews. The present study also demonstrated the disadvantages of using multiple statistical tests to assess transitivity and compared the conclusions drawn from multiple statistical tests with those from the approach of study dissimilarities for transitivity assessment.

Methods
An empirical study was conducted using 209 published systematic reviews with NMA to create a database of study-level aggregate clinical and methodological characteristics found in the tracenma R package. For each systematic review, the network of the primary outcome was considered to create a dataset with extracted study-level aggregate clinical and methodological characteristics reported in the systematic review that may act as effect modifiers. Transitivity was evaluated by calculating study dissimilarities based on the extracted characteristics to provide a measure of overall dissimilarity within and between the observed treatment comparisons. Empirically driven thresholds of low dissimilarity were employed to determine the proportion of datasets with evidence of likely intransitivity. One-way ANOVA and chi-squared test were employed for each characteristic to investigate comparison dissimilarity at a significance level of 5%.

Results
Study dissimilarities covered a wide range of possible values across the datasets. A ‘likely concerning’ extent of study dissimilarities, both intra-comparison and inter-comparison, dominated the analysed datasets. Using a higher dissimilarity threshold, a ‘likely concerning’ extent of study dissimilarities persisted for objective outcomes but decreased substantially for subjective outcomes. A likely intransitivity prevailed in all datasets; however, using a higher dissimilarity threshold resulted in few networks with transitivity for semi-objective and subjective outcomes. Statistical tests were feasible in 127 (61%) datasets, yielding conflicting conclusions with the approach of study dissimilarities in many datasets.

Conclusions
Study dissimilarity, manifested from variations in the effect modifiers’ distribution across the studies, should be expected and properly quantified. Measuring the overall study dissimilarity between observed comparisons and comparing it with a proper threshold can aid in determining whether concerns of likely intransitivity are warranted.
Online education in palliative care - A national exploratory multimethod study
Authors: Hagelin Carina Lundh , Melin-Johansson Christina , Österlind Jane , Bisholt Birgitta , Pusa Susanna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
With an increased number of people living with multiple progressive diseases, online education courses have been created to address the growing need for competence in palliative care. However, there is limited knowledge about the form and content of these courses, or of participants’ experiences. This study aims to map the status, content, and evaluation of online palliative care courses in Sweden.

Methods
This exploratory study used both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study process involved searching for online palliative care courses on the web and through contact with Swedish palliative care organisations, and then participating in these courses, surveying education providers, and analysing and validating responses. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while thematic analysis was applied to the free-text responses.

Results
Nine online courses provided by five different organisations were mapped. These courses educated over 30 000 healthcare professionals, predominantly assistant nurses and registered nurses. There was a large discrepancy between the number of people who enrolled in and the number who completed the online courses. Shortcomings identified related to lack of systematic evaluation from the participants’ perspectives, if and how knowledge was integrated into clinical practice, and difficulties in making the courses sustainable.

Conclusion
Overarching and national systems for online education are needed. These would require sustainability considerations and guidelines for implementation, evaluation and follow-up of non-university-based online educational initiatives in palliative care. In addition, it is crucial for employers to support professionals undergoing such education, ensuring that they are given opportunities to share their feelings and discuss any challenging thoughts that arise during and after the course.
Women’s lived experience of intimate partner violence manifestations during the breastfeeding period: a lifeworld hermeneutic study
Authors: Gustafsson Ida , Karlsson Katarina , Jarling Aleksandra , Palmér Lina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
One in three women will experience Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Exposure during breastfeeding endangers women’s and children’s health and wellbeing, negatively affects breastfeeding, and violates human rights and global sustainability goals. Previous qualitative studies have demonstrated that existential aspects are crucial in the separate experience of both IPV and breastfeeding. However, there is a lack of studies examining the meaning of the concurrent experience of these phenomena. An enhanced understanding of the experience of IPV manifestations during the breastfeeding period may inform the provision of care and support for women exposed to IPV. Accordingly, the study aims to explain and understand women’s lived experience of IPV manifestations during the breastfeeding period.

Methods
The study adopts a lifeworld hermeneutic approach based on Reflective Lifeworld Research. Data collection was conducted between June 2022 and August 2023. Swedish women with experience of the phenomenon IPV manifestations during the breastfeeding period participated either through written lifeworld stories (forty-nine women) or lifeworld interviews (nine women). Data were analysed interpretatively. The main interpretation was inspired by Liz Kelly’s theory ‘The continuum of violence’.

Results
The results show that women experience IPV manifestations during breastfeeding in terms of being accused, devalued, neglected, controlled, opposed, forced to adapt, and/or punished. The main interpretation suggests that the manifestations are intertwined within a multidimensional continuum where the most frequent IPV manifestations are less commonly recognised as violence. The main interpretation further illustrates that the continuum is dependent on both the subjective lifeworld of the woman and the patriarchal context in which it exists. In relation to the patriarchal context, the breastfeeding intimacy within the mother–child dyad is pivotal to explaining and understanding the phenomenon.

Conclusions
The breastfeeding intimacy within the mother–child dyad seems to change the intersubjective power balance in the partner relationship and provoke partners, making breastfeeding women especially vulnerable to IPV. Knowledge of breastfeeding women’s lived experience of exposure to IPV is central for carers to strengthen their ability to support women’s health and wellbeing.
Geometric decomposition and analysis of Konya Sahip Ata mosque portal muqarnas
Authors: Dincer Sevde Gülizar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the late Anatolian Seljuk period (1243–1308), architectural design took on new symbolic significance, focusing on grandeur and ornamentation as a response to the shifting political landscape. One of the critical features of this era is the transformation seen in the geometric layouts of some muqarnas designs, exemplified explicitly in Konya Sahip Ata mosque muqarnas (1258). While the arrangements may appear irregular at first glance, closer analysis reveals that they are structured according to a dodecagonal system. This study focuses on the geometric layouts in the plan projections of Sahip Ata mosque muqarnas, showing that dodecagrams were used to organize these complex patterns, reflecting an advanced and deliberate approach to design during this transitional period.
Profile of renal conditions among pediatric emergency patients
Authors: El-Anwar Noha , Bazaraa Hafez , Fayez Sherin Tarek , Fahmy Yosra Aboelnaga 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Renal diseases are frequently seen in the pediatric emergency department (ED), and usually, they are associated with morbidity and mortality if not early detected and properly managed. While acute kidney injury (AKI) can result from intrinsic kidney disease, many acute (nonrenal) conditions may be associated with AKI. In addition, children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may also present to the ED with acute symptoms or complications.

Aim
To evaluate patients presenting to the ED with renal affection, their etiology, management, and outcome.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective descriptive study on 100 patients presented to Cairo University Pediatric ED with renal affection, from Jan to June 2023. Clinical data were collected including presenting manifestations, vital signs, clinical assessment, laboratory and radiological investigations, and also their plan of management or interventions needed and their outcome.

Results
Seventy-three percent of the patients had underlying CKD, and they presented mostly with acute complications as urinary tract infections (20%), severe anemia (25%), disturbed conscious level (10%), convulsions (12%), and hypertensive emergency (18%). Of the AKI patients (27%), 18% had underlying renal diseases, and 9% had multisystem affection. All of our patients received conservative management, 74 patients were admitted at the hospital, 24 patients needed ICU admission, 14 patients did peritoneal dialysis, 6 did hemodialysis, and only 1 patient needed continuous renal replacement therapy. Mortality was observed in only 2% of our patients.

Conclusion
Patients with renal conditions either AKI or CKD present to the ED with various acute conditions. Proper identification and provision of required services is important for a satisfactory outcome.
Physical activity interventions to improve cognition in first-episode psychosis: What we know so far
Authors: Perlini Cinzia , Rossetti Maria Gloria , Girelli Francesca , Bellani Marcella 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Cognitive impairment is a core feature of psychosis, which adversely affects global functioning and quality of life and has been consistently reported from the early stages of illness. Patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) exhibit deficits in processing speed, short-term memory, attention, working memory, and executive functioning, which respond poorly to psychotropic drugs. Among non-pharmacological approaches, physical activity has shown promise in improving cognitive functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, current evidence lacks specific data on individuals with FEP. In this review, we aim to explore the potential role of physical activity-based interventions in ameliorating the cognitive functions of people with FEP.

Methods
The literature search was conducted on PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science in March 2024, identifying 127 de-duplicated records. One additional article was identified by screening the reference lists of the included studies. A total of six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. They all analyzed the effect of structured physical activity interventions on the cognitive functioning of patients with FEP.

Results
Preliminary findings suggest that physical activity interventions enhance memory, attention, and executive functions of patients with FEP but not social cognition and motor function.

Conclusions
Study differences in sample characteristics, design, and intervention protocols prevent firm conclusions about the cognitive-boosting effects of the interventions in FEP. Further studies using more rigorous methodologies are needed to understand the durability of these effects and the underlying mechanisms.
All Hail Cthulhu! On Lovecraft, Monstress, and Asian American Bildung
Authors: Lee Derek 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study identifies Marjorie Liu and Sana Takeda’s epic fantasy Monstress as a flashpoint for contemporary Asian American subject formation and the literary history of the bildungsroman. Though it follows the templates of both European and Asian American bildung, the graphic novel rejects the genre’s foundational tenets of assimilation and stability in favor of social justice and revolution. By analyzing Monstress through bildungsroman ideology, fantasy world building, H. P. Lovecraft’s racial history, and post-1965 Asian American political realignments, the author argues that the protagonist, Maika Halfwolf, represents a novel model of ethnic identity formation, one whose arranged marriage to a Lovecraftian demon and war against state institutions critique passive integration into a structurally racist society. The result is a hero for a new generation of readers who codifies racial justice, social activism, and political protest as integral pillars of American citizenship for the twenty-first century.
Can Endogenous or Exogenous Ketosis Tackle the Constraints of Ultra-Endurance Exercise?
Authors: Engelbrecht Louise , Terblanche Elmarie , Koppo Katrien , Poffé Chiel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
A high-fat, low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet has already appealed to athletes for a long time due to its purported ability to improve exercise performance and post-exercise recovery. The availability of ketone supplements has further sparked such interest. The review therefore focuses on the potential beneficial impact of exogenous and endogenous ketosis in the context of ultra-endurance exercise.
Domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) conflicts with sheep (Ovis orientalis aries) production: use of camera traps to inform mitigation actions
Authors: Sabattini Julian Alberto , Muzzachiodi Norberto , Lucherini Mauro 
Published: December 2024

El problema del daño causado por perros (Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) sobre otros animales es cada vez más alarmante. Este estudio tiene como objetivo demostrar el ataque de cánidos domésticos a un rebaño de ovejas perteneciente a un agricultor en la región centro-norte de Argentina, utilizando tecnologías no invasivas. Se realizaron 2 visitas en el campo, una el 23 de octubre 2023 y otra el 10 de noviembre 2023 para fotografiar las ovejas dañadas. Luego se instalaron 2 cámaras trampa genéricas sobre los postes de los alambrados. El rebaño de ovejas tuvo un ataque el 18 de noviembre de 2023, por lo que viajamos inmediatamente al rancho y se examinaron huellas y/o señales en las cercanías y dentro del corral de las ovejas. Luego de instalar las cámaras trampa, durante la madrugada del 29 de noviembre de 2023, se registró un nuevo ataque a 2 ovejas del mismo rancho. Las imágenes grabadas confirmaron que los ataques no eran de animales nativos sino por 2 de los perros domésticos del agricultor: un Doberman, asistido por un Border Collie. Inicialmente, se atribuyó la culpa del daño al rebaño a la fauna silvestre nativa, particularmente al puma, y se planeó su caza y muerte. Este estudio de caso refuerza la conclusión de que el primer paso fundamental para mitigar los conflictos fauna-humano, es escuchar a los afectados y buscar soluciones junto con ellos que no impliquen el uso de herramientas letales contra los carnívoros silvestres.
Exploring Limits in Off-Axis Digital Holographic Microscopy
Authors: Martinez-Corral Manuel , Sanchez-Ortiga Emilio , Buitrago-Duque Carlos , Garcia-Sucerquia Jorge 
Published: December 2024

It is shown that reliable QPI can be extracted from off-axis DHM recorded under very adverse experimental conditions. Specifically, we demonstrate the QPI of quasi-opaque samples, with transmittances even below 1%. We also show that the bit depth requirement can be reduced to 3 bits.
Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Learning-Based Wide-Angle Design Optimization for Improved Depth Estimation
Authors: Buquet Julie , Lalonde Jean-François , Thibault Simon 
Published: December 2024

Using wide-angle systems’ distortion optimization for improved monocular depth estimation as a case study, we investigate the scope, benefits, and limitations of current end-to-end optical design practices in a context of machine perception.
Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Computational Microscopy for Pathology Analysis
Authors: Yang Changhuei 
Published: December 2024

In this talk, I will discuss some of our recent computational microscopy and deep learning work, that showcase some of these shifts in the context of pathology. I will talk about APIC – an improved computational microscopy method to collect and process image data, which brings significant workflow advantages to pathology. I will also talking about the use of Deep Learning in image analysis, and point out some of the surprising and impactful ways Deep Learning can improve pathology.
Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Direct Electro-Optic Transduction for High Bandwidth Entanglement Distribution
Authors: Axline Chris , Tengdin Phoebe , Gamper Stephan , Tusnin Aleksandr , Businger Moritz , Alma Guilhem , Brau Daniel 
Published: December 2024

Quantum interconnects will be key to scale quantum computers and deploy quantum networks. I discuss what is required to realize practical, high-bandwidth quantum interconnects using microwave-to-optical transducers based on integrated photonics.
Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Quantum-Walk Comb Laser: Harnessing Fast-Gain for Synthetic Lattice Dynamics
Authors: Dikopoltsev Alex , Heckelmann Ina , Bertrand Mathieu , Beck Mattias , Scalari Giacomo , Zilberberg Oded , Faist Jerome 
Published: December 2024

Locking cavity modes into a frequency comb is key for metrological applications. We show that fast-gain in modulated semiconductor ring lasers supports controllable active synthetic lattice dynamics that lead to novel forms of frequency combs.
Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Generating Quantum Entanglement between Optical and Microwave Photons with a Chip-Scale Transducer
Authors: Meesala Srujan 
Published: December 2024

We prepare entangled states of single optical and microwave photons using a piezo-optomechanical quantum transducer. This chip-scale device can serve as an entanglement generator between GHz-frequency superconducting qubits and telecom-wavelength photonic qubits in optical fiber.
Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Manipulating Thermal Emission Using Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Ndukaife Justus , Zhu Guodong , Hong Ikjun 
Published: December 2024

We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate robust narrowband thermal emission using plasmonic quasi-BIC metasurfaces. Our wavelength-selective thermal emitters feature remarkable emission stability over a broad range of temperatures.
Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Estimating and visualising multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses within a radial framework
Authors: Spiller Wes , Bowden Jack , Sanderson Eleanor 
Published: December 2024

Background
Mendelian randomization (MR) is a statistical approach using genetic variants as instrumental variables to estimate causal effects of a single exposure on an outcome. Multivariable MR (MVMR) extends this to estimate the direct effect of multiple exposures simulatiously. MR and MVMR can be biased by the presence of pleiotropic genetic variants in the set used as instrumental variables, violating one of the core IV assumptions. Genetic variants that give outlying estimates are often considered to be potentially pleiotropic variants. Radial plots can be used in MR to help identify these variants. Analogous plots for MVMR have so far been unavailable due to the multidimensional nature of the analysis.

Methods
We propose a radial formulation of MVMR, and an adapted Galbraith radial plot, which allows for the estimated effect of each exposure within an MVMR analysis to be visualised. Radial MVMR additionally includes an option for removal of outlying SNPs which may violate one or more assumptions of MVMR. A RMVMR R package is presented as accompanying software for implementing the methods described.

Results
We demonstrate the effectiveness of the radial MVMR approach through simulations and applied analyses. We highlight how outliers with respect to all exposures can be visualised and removed through Radial MVMR. We present simulations that illustrate how outlier removal decreases the bias in estimated effects under various forms of pleiotropy. We apply Radial MVMR to estimate the effect of lipid fractions on coronary heart disease (CHD). In combination with simulated examples, we highlight how important features of MVMR analyses can be explored using a range of tools incorporated within the RMVMR R package.

Conclusions
Radial MVMR effectively visualises causal effect estimates, and provides valuable diagnostic information with respect to the underlying assumptions of MVMR.