bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive oxygen species dosage in Arabidopsis chloroplasts can improve resistance towards Colletotrichum higginsianum by the induction of WRKY33
Authors: Schmidt Andree , Mächtel Rebecca , Ammon Alexandra , Engelsdorf Timo , Schmitz Jessica , Maurino Veronica G. , Voll Lars M. 
Published: November 2019

Summary

Arabidopsis plants overexpressing glycolate oxidase in chloroplasts (GO5) and loss‐of‐function mutants of the major peroxisomal catalase isoform, cat2‐2, produce increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) amounts from the respective organelles when subjected to photorespiratory conditions like increased light intensity.

Here, we have investigated if and how the signaling processes triggered by H2O2 production in response to shifts in environmental conditions and the concomitant induction of indole phytoalexin biosynthesis in GO5 affect susceptibility towards the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum.

Combining histological, biochemical, and molecular assays, we found that the accumulation of the phytoalexin camalexin was comparable between GO genotypes and cat2‐2 in the absence of pathogen. Compared with wild‐type, GO5 showed improved resistance after light‐shift‐mediated production of H2O2, whereas cat2‐2 became more susceptible and allowed significantly more pathogen entry. Unlike GO5, cat2‐2 suffered from severe oxidative stress after light shifts, as indicated by glutathione pool size and oxidation state.

We discuss a connection between elevated oxidative stress and dampened induction of salicylic acid mediated defense in cat2‐2. Genetic analyses demonstrated that induced resistance of GO5 is dependent on WRKY33, but not on camalexin production. We propose that indole carbonyl nitriles might play a role in defense against C. higginsianum.
Core outcome set for behavioural weight management interventions for adults with overweight and obesity: Standardised reporting of lifestyle weight management interventions to aid evaluation (STAR‐LITE)
Authors: Mackenzie Ruth M. , Ells Louisa J. , Simpson Sharon Anne , Logue Jennifer 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBehavioural weight management interventions in research studies and clinical practice differ in length, advice, frequency of meetings, staff, and cost. Few real‐world programmes have published patient outcomes and those that have used different ways of reporting information, making it impossible to compare interventions and develop the evidence base. To address this issue, we have developed a core outcome set for behavioural weight management intervention programmes for adults with overweight and obesity. Outcomes were identified via systematic review of the literature. A representative expert group was formed comprising people with experience of adult weight management services. An online Delphi process was employed to reach consensus as to which outcomes should be measured and reported and which definitions/instruments should be utilised. The expert group identified eight core outcomes and 12 core processes for reporting by weight management services. Eleven outcomes and five processes were identified as optional. The most appropriate definitions/instruments for measuring each outcome/process were also agreed. Our core outcome set will ensure consistency of reporting. This will allow behavioural weight management interventions to be compared, revealing which interventions work best for which members of the population and helping inform development of adult behavioural weight management interventions.
An integrative review of exercise interventions among community‐dwelling adults with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Bei , Liu Congying , Wan Qiaoqin , Yu Fang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo synthesise the current research on exercise interventions and health‐related outcomes among community‐dwelling adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsIntegrative review of the literature reporting exercise interventions among people with AD living in the communities.ResultsSeventeen studies presented in 24 quantitative papers with 1,068 participants diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease were reviewed. The interventions varied in intervention programme characteristics (e.g. baseline assessments, type of exercise, exercise dose, outcome measurements). Among them, (a) 13 studies appeared beneficial to physical fitness in different areas; (b) 9 studies reported the effects on cognitive ability and two studies showed the positive effects; (c) 12 studies reported the participants' adherence, but only 2 studies reported the participants' adherence using attendance and training intensity.ConclusionExercise is proven to be effective in physical fitness among community‐dwelling patients with AD. Future studies should verify the effects on cognitive function and possible mechanisms of different exercise types using more sensitive and objective outcome measurements. Additionally, treatment fidelity, cost‐effectiveness and long‐term effects should be explored.Implication for practiceExercise may be effective and feasible for community‐dwelling people with AD, but its effects on cognition need to be verified in the future. This review provided recommendations for assisting nurses and other clinicians in developing, implementing, and/or evaluating exercise interventions for patients with AD.
Philosophy of science and the replicability crisis
Authors: Romero Felipe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractReplicability is widely taken to ground the epistemic authority of science. However, in recent years, important published findings in the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences have failed to replicate, suggesting that these fields are facing a “replicability crisis.” For philosophers, the crisis should not be taken as bad news but as an opportunity to do work on several fronts, including conceptual analysis, history and philosophy of science, research ethics, and social epistemology. This article introduces philosophers to these discussions. First, I discuss precedents and evidence for the crisis. Second, I discuss methodological, statistical, and social‐structural factors that have contributed to the crisis. Third, I focus on the philosophical issues raised by the crisis. Finally, I discuss several proposals for solutions and highlight the gaps that philosophers could focus on.
Soil management in a mountain agroecosystem and clubroot disease
Authors: Bhering A. S. , Carmo M. G. F. , Coelho I. S. , Lima E. S. A. , de Carvalho C. F. , Saraiva A. L. R. F. , Passos S. R. , Amaral Sobrinho N. M. B. 
Published: November 2019

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a disease limiting the production of Brassica species. Its severity varies according to the density of the pathogen's resting spores and environmental conditions. Although the soil environment (including its physical, chemical and biological characteristics) is determinant in the development of the disease, little is known regarding these characteristics in tropical regions, such as Brazil. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between soil attributes, bacterial population composition and clubroot intensity in a tropical mountain agroecosystem. Soil and plant samples were collected from 17 cauliflower‐producing localities in Nova Friburgo, Brazil. The physical and chemical attributes, the bacterial population composition, the number of pathogen resting spores in the soil samples, and the clubroot severity were evaluated. Based on bacterial population composition, two distinct groups of soils were identified, which varied in attributes such as organic matter, potential acidity, pH and disease severity. The organic matter level was associated with differences in soil acidity, bacterial population composition and disease intensity, but there was not a cause and effect relationship between bacterial population composition and clubroot severity. Under the conditions of this agroecosystem, soils with increased organic matter presented higher acidity potential (H + Al), which was strongly correlated to clubroot severity. Thus, high acidity potential could be a key factor leading to clubroot development in mountain regions of Brazil.
Overexpression of BUNDLE SHEATH DEFECTIVE 2 improves the efficiency of photosynthesis and growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Busch Florian A. , Tominaga Jun , Muroya Masato , Shirakami Norihiko , Takahashi Shunichi , Yamori Wataru , Kitaoka Takuya , Milward Sara E. , Nishimura Kohji , Matsunami Erika , Toda Yosuke , Higuchi Chikako , Muranaka Atsuko , Takami Tsuneaki , Watanabe Shunsuke , Kinoshita Toshinori , Sakamoto Wataru , Sakamoto Atsushi , Shimada Hiroshi 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBundle Sheath Defective 2, BSD2, is a stroma‐targeted protein initially identified as a factor required for the biogenesis of ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) in maize. Plants and algae universally have a homologous gene for BSD2 and its deficiency causes a RuBisCO‐less phenotype. As RuBisCO can be the rate‐limiting step in CO2 assimilation, the overexpression of BSD2 might improve photosynthesis and productivity through the accumulation of RuBisCO. To examine this hypothesis, we produced BSD2 overexpression lines in Arabidopsis. Compared with wild type, the BSD2 overexpression lines BSD2ox‐2 and BSD2ox‐3 expressed 4.8‐fold and 8.8‐fold higher BSD2 mRNA, respectively, whereas the empty‐vector (EV) harbouring plants had a comparable expression level. The overexpression lines showed a significantly higher CO2 assimilation rate per available CO2 and productivity than EV plants. The maximum carboxylation rate per total catalytic site was accelerated in the overexpression lines, while the number of total catalytic sites and RuBisCO content were unaffected. We then isolated recombinant BSD2 (rBSD2) from E. coli and found that rBSD2 reduces disulfide bonds using reductants present in vivo, for example glutathione, and that rBSD2 has the ability to reactivate RuBisCO that has been inactivated by oxidants. Furthermore, 15% of RuBisCO freshly isolated from leaves of EV was oxidatively inactivated, as compared with 0% in BSD2‐overexpression lines, suggesting that the overexpression of BSD2 maintains RuBisCO to be in the reduced active form in vivo. Our results demonstrated that the overexpression of BSD2 improves photosynthetic efficiency in Arabidopsis and we conclude that it is involved in mediating RuBisCO activation.
DO/ART4gene sequencing in sub‐Saharan cohorts and African migrants: useful data describing the diversity and spreading of rare variants
Authors: Chapel‐Fernandes Sylvie , Movia Catherine , Jordier François , Durousseau de Coulgeans Cécile , Chiaroni Jacques , Bailly Pascal 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUNDDue to the unavailability of immunological reagents, the Dombrock blood group is insufficiently explored in African populations and can be a source of alloimmunization. A large study including pygmoid and nonpygmoid ethnic groups from East, Central, and West continental Africa, together with African migrants like Comorians, Afro‐Caribbean from Martinique, and Maroons from French Guiana would be helpful to increase transfusion safety.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSUsing genomic DNA extracted from blood samples collected from 336 nonpygmoid and 51 pygmoid Africans as well as 268 samples of African descent,DOcoding regions were PCR‐amplified and sequenced.RESULTSDO*AandDO*Balleles were detected in almost all groups, with a clear predominance ofDO*Bin every cohort tested.DO*JOandDO*HYallele frequencies reached 10% or more in several ethnic groups.DO*B‐SH‐Gln149Lys,DO*B‐Ile5Thr, andDO*DODEvariants were identified both in African ethnic groups and outside Africa. Twelve novel variants were characterized on aDO*Aor aDO*Bbackground. Five of them were found in both African and migrant cohorts, the others were restricted to either within or outside Africa. NoDO*DOYA,DO*DOLG,DO*DOLC, norDO*DOMRvariants were observed. A first phylogenetic tree was proposed including all variant alleles.CONCLUSIONThis study across continental Africa and countries with African migrants provides a useful overview ofDombrockallele diversity and distribution. The identification of 12 new alleles underlines the importance of genotyping forDombrockalleles, particularly to improve transfusion safety in countries hosting migrant populations of African descent.
Serum IgE and IgG responses to dietary antigens in dogs with and without cutaneous adverse food reactions
Authors: Pucheu‐Haston Cherie M. , Mougeot Isabelle 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundIt is suspected that many canine cutaneous adverse food reactions (CAFR) are true immunological hypersensitivities; however, few specific dietary allergens have been identified.ObjectiveTo compare serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG reactivity to specific food antigens in privately owned dogs with and without CAFR.AnimalsEighteen adult dogs with nonseasonal pruritus recruited from a hospital population.Methods and materialsDogs were fed an extensively hydrolysed poultry‐based diet exclusively for 12 weeks. Serum was collected at the beginning of the trial. Canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index and pruritus Visual Analog Scale scoring were performed at the beginning and end of the trial. Immunoblotting was performed to identify IgE and/or IgG binding to specific proteins in beef, egg, milk, chicken, pork, soy and wheat extracts.ResultsA CAFR (defined as an unequivocal relapse of pruritus after dietary challenge) was diagnosed in 10 dogs, with 60% relapsing when fed chicken‐based diets. Binding of subjects’ IgG to almost all proteins in all extracts was seen regardless of reported dietary history. Few proteins were exclusively or predominantly bound by IgE in CAFR dogs. Exceptions included a 42 kDa band (chicken), a 52 kDa band (beef), a 46 kDa band (beef and milk) and a poorly defined high molecular weight protein or proteins (beef and milk).ConclusionThis study demonstrated three protein bands and a poorly defined band predominantly recognized by sera from dogs with CAFR relative to non‐CAFR dog sera. Almost all proteins were bound by IgG in all dogs, suggesting prior exposure to unreported foods.
Rabies virus and Histoplasma suramericanum coinfection in a bat from southeastern Brazil
Authors: Menozzi Benedito Donizete , da Paz Giselle Souza , Paiz Laís Moraes , Garces Hans Garcia , Adorno Brunna Mayla Vasconcelos , Almeida‐Silva Fernando , Zancope Oliveira Rosely Maria , Richini‐Pereira Virgínia Bodelão , Chechi Jéssica Luana , Bagagli Eduardo , Bosco Sandra de Moraes Gimenes , Langoni Helio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBats are essential to the global ecosystem, but their ability to harbour a range of pathogens has been widely discussed, as well as their role in the emergence and re‐emergence of infectious diseases. This paper describes the first report of coinfection by two zoonotic agents, rabies virus (RABV) and the fungus Histoplasma suramericanum in a bat. The bat was from the Molossus molossus species, and it was found during the daytime in the hallway of a public psychiatric hospital in a municipality in São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. RABV infection was diagnosed by the direct fluorescent antibody test and mouse inoculation test. The fungus was isolated by in vitro culture. Both diagnoses were confirmed by molecular techniques. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the fungus isolate had proximity to H. suramericanum in the Lam B clade, while the RABV isolate was characterized in the Lasiurus cinereus lineage. Since the M. molossus bat was found in a peri‐urban transition area (urban/peri‐urban), the possibility of cross‐species transmission of this RABV lineage becomes more plausible, considering that this scenario may provide shelter for both M. molossus and L. cinereus. These are relevant findings since there has been an increase in bat populations in urban and peri‐urban areas, particularly due to environmental modifications and anthropogenic impacts on their habitat. Thus, the detection of two zoonotic agents in a bat found in a public hospital should raise awareness regarding the importance of systematic surveillance actions directed towards bats in urban areas.
The Impact of Fueling Operations on Full Core Uncertainty Analysis in CANDU Reactors
Authors: Tucker M. D. , Novog D. R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Within emerging best-estimate-plus-uncertainty (BEPU) approaches, code output uncertainties can be inferred from the propagation of fundamental or microscopic uncertainties. This paper examines the propagation of fundamental nuclear data uncertainties though the entire analysis framework to predict macroscopic reactor physics phenomena, which can be measured in Canada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) reactors. In this work, 151 perturbed multigroup cross sections libraries, each based on a set of perturbed microscopic nuclear data, were generated. Subsequently, these data were processed into few-group cross sections and used to generate full-core diffusion models in PARCS. The impact of these nuclear data perturbations leads to changes in core reactivity for a fixed set of fuel compositions of 4.5 mk. The impact of online fueling operations was simulated using a series of fueling rules, which attempted to mimic operator actions during CANDU operations such as studying the assembly powers and selecting fueling sites, which would minimize the deviation in power from some desirable reference condition or increasing or decreasing fueling frequency to manage reactivity. An important feature of this analysis was to perform long-transients (1–3 years) starting with each one of the 151 perturbed full core models. It was found that the operational feedback reduced the standard deviation in core reactivity by 99% from 0.0045 to 2.8 × 10−5. Overall, the conclusions demonstrate that while microscopic nuclear data uncertainties may give rise to large macroscopic variability during simple propagation, when important macrolevel feedback are considered the variability is significantly reduced.
Failure Analysis of Large-Diameter Coiled Tubing Based on Diameter Growth
Authors: Zhao Le , Zhang Hong , Duan Qingquan , Tang Guoping 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fatigue tests were conducted to analyze the fatigue behavior and diameter growth of large-diameter coiled tubing (CT) under the combined loads of bending and internal pressure. The experimental results reveal that mechanical limitations on the allowable diameter growth mean that the effective working life of CT at high pressures is only a fraction of the available fatigue life. The finite element software abaqus is used to further research the changes in diameter growth and to analyze the sensitivity of CT diameter growth to the main influencing factors, including internal pressure, tubing outside diameter (OD), wall thickness, yield strength, and bending radius. For CT with a diameter larger than 2 in., the diameter growth is sensitive to the above factors. As the bending and straightening cycles increase, the OD of the CT increases in association with obvious ovalization deformation, and the increase in the OD is closely related to the internal pressure load. The redistribution of material causes the wall thickness of the CT to become universally thinner. The ovality of the CT and the uneven decrease in wall thickness reduce the resistance to external extrusion. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly necessary to account for diameter growth as one of the key elements when predicting CT life or determining when to retire a string from service.
A New Mistuning Identification Method Based on the Subset of Nominal System Modes Method
Authors: Waldherr Christian U. , Buchwald Patrick , Vogt Damian M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The mistuning problem of quasi-periodic structures has been the subject of numerous scientific investigations for more than 50 years. Researchers developed reduced-order models to reduce the computational costs of mistuning investigations including finite element models. One question which has also high practical relevance is the identification of mistuning based on modal properties. In this work, a new identification method based on the subset of nominal system modes method (SNM) is presented. Different to existing identification methods where usually the blade stiffness of each sector is scaled by a scalar value, N identification parameters are used to adapt the modal blade stiffness of each sector. The input data for the identification procedure consist solely of the mistuned natural frequencies of the investigated mode family as well as of the corresponding mistuned mode shapes in the form of one degree-of-freedom per sector. The reduction basis consists of the tuned mode shapes of the investigated mode family. Furthermore, the proposed identification method allows for the inclusion of centrifugal effects like stress stiffening and spin softening without additional computational effort. From this point of view, the presented method is also appropriate to handle centrifugal effects in reduced-order models using a minimum set of input data compared to existing methods. The power of the new identification method is demonstrated on the example of an axial compressor blisk. Finite element calculations including geometrical mistuning provide the database for the identification procedure. The correct functioning of the identification method including measurement noise is also validated to show the applicability to a case of application where real measurement data are available.
Intact HIV Proviruses Persist in Children Seven to Nine Years after Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in the First Year of Life
Authors: Katusiime Mary Grace , Halvas Elias K. , Wright Imogen , Joseph Kevin , Bale Michael J. , Kirby-McCullough Bronwyn , Engelbrecht Susan , Shao Wei , Hu Wei-Shau , Cotton Mark F. , Mellors John W. , Kearney Mary F. , van Zyl Gert U. 
Published: November 2019

There are limited data about the proviral landscape in children exhibiting long-term suppression after early treatment, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa where HIV-1 subtype C predominates. Investigating the sequence-intact reservoir could provide insight on the mechanisms by which intact proviruses persist and inform ongoing cure efforts. Through nearly full-length proviral amplification and sequencing (NFL-PAS), we generated 733 NFL-PAS amplicons from eight children. We showed that rare, genetically intact proviruses could be detected in children who initiated ART after 2.3 months of age. The frequency of intact proviruses was lower (
P
< 0.05) than that reported for HIV subtype B-infected adults treated during early HIV infection. We show that cells harboring genetically intact HIV proviruses are rare in children exhibiting long-term suppression after early treatment and may require the processing of a large number of cells to assess reservoir size. This points to the need for efficient methods to accurately quantify latent reservoirs, particularly in pediatric studies where sample availability is limited.