bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Acerbi Alberto 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The book concludes by mentioning some of the topics that it did not consider, such as concerns about data privacy, monopoly of social media companies, effects of digital media overuse on psychological well-being, or the fact that, for many people, online access is still barely achievable. Despite this, the research discussed in this book, which focuses on the informational aspects of our digital and online lives, suggests there are grounds for cautious optimism. Another problem is mentioned, which is thought to be urgent: the increase of available information also increases differences in how people access and use information, being advantageous for some and disadvantageous for others. How we will face this informational inequality will be a pressing problem in the next years. Finally the main message of the book with respect to cultural evolution theory is summarized: “culture” is not an entity with causal powers, but a property that artefacts, ideas, and behaviors have to a certain degree. Social influence is not blind and automatic, and the reasons why cultural traits become successful are many: cognitive preferences are only one of them.
Introduction
Authors: Heere Cees 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The formation of the Anglo-Japanese alliance in February 1902 marked an important moment in modern diplomatic history: for the first time in decades, a European power concluded a nominally equal defensive partnership with an Asian state. But the alliance’s crossing of the ‘global colour line’ was politically fraught from the outset, and would become more so as Japan came to pose an ever more explicit challenge to the racial orders on which the British imperial system rested. While Japan came to play a pivotal role in the geostrategic security of the British Empire in Asia, it was simultaneously denounced as a ‘yellow peril’ to British (or ‘Anglo-Saxon’) ascendancy in the Pacific. By examining the Anglo-Japanese relationship along the twinned arcs of empire and race, this book does two things. First, it offers new insight in how Japan’s integration in the international order was complicated by race. Second, it shows how the Japanese ‘question’ came to shape the evolution of the Edwardian British Empire.
‘The Englands of East and West’
Authors: Heere Cees 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In September 1894, Japan won a series of dramatic victories over its much larger neighbour, Qing China. This demonstration of Japanese military power forced British observers to reassess their relationship with a country that, prior to the 1890s, many had dismissed as an ‘oriental’ curiosity. The late 1890s also saw the intensification of Anglo-Japanese interaction in the Pacific, as Japanese trade and migration came into closer contact with the British settler colonies there. Yet whereas London became increasingly concerned with Japan’s potential role in the East Asian balance of power, its willingness to cooperate with Tokyo (culminating the Anglo-Japanese alliance of 1902) conflicted with the racialized visions of Japanese expansion articulated by actors and commentators across the imperial system. Nowhere was this contradiction more evident than in the establishment of the ‘white Australia’ policy at the same time that Britain was negotiating its treaty with Japan.
A War for Civilization
Authors: Heere Cees 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Russo-Japanese War (1904–5) marked a watershed in global history. Victory over Russia secured Japan’s position as the first Asian ‘great power’. But it also raised an acute debate over the meaning and implications of its sudden rise. Some praised the Japanese victory as the triumph of ‘civilization’ over Russian barbarism; others pointed ominously to the effect that the destruction of a ‘white power’ would have on the collective European colonial project in Asia. Policymakers, both in London and its self-governing colonies, were forced to reckon with the implications of Japan’s bid for equality. In the aftermath of the Russo-Japanese War, Britain, Canada, and Australia all took symbolic steps to demonstrate their willingness to recognize Japan as a co-equal member of the international system.
‘The Inalienable Right of the White Man’
Authors: Heere Cees 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Victory over Russia established Japan as the leading power in East Asia, and inaugurated a period during which its economic and political influence in the region sharply expanded. This chapter explores these shifts in the regional order from the perspective of both British policymakers in London, and from that of the British communities in Shanghai, Hong Kong, and the other ‘treaty ports’ scattered along the China coast. For many, Japan, came to represent a challenge to British hegemony in China that manifested itself on a racial as well as on the commercial or political fronts. The chapter goes on to analyse the efforts of the ‘Shanghailanders’ to mobilize British policy to constrain Japanese power in the region through public campaigns and political manoeuvring. In the process, it demonstrates how treaty port residents articulated their own vision on Britain’s imperial future in Asia.
The Natural Biology of Dietary Ethanol, and its Implications for Primate Evolution
Authors: Dudley Robert 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Ethanol derives from the fermentation of simple sugars, and fermentative yeasts are common within terrestrial ecosystems. Animals that routinely consume sugar-rich fruits and nectars thus chronically ingest low-level ethanol. The capacity to detect and follow ethanol plumes enables localization of ripe fruits and fermented nectars over long distances (as occurs in fruit flies); psychoactive responses to ethanol among vertebrate frugivores may increase net caloric gain during feeding via the aperitif effect. Paleogenetic reconstruction of enzymes involved in ethanol metabolism suggests sustained exposure of hominids (including the genus Homo) over the last 12 million years to dietary ethanol. Alcohol use by modern humans may thus derive from ancestral sensory biases associating ethanol consumption with nutritional reward (i.e. the ‘drunken monkey’ hypothesis). Detailed measurements of ethanol concentrations within fruit and nectar, together with behavioural, physiological, and genomic comparisons among frugivores and nectarivores, are now necessary to further test this hypothesis.
The Importance of Raffia Palm Wine to Coexisting Humans and Chimpanzees
Authors: Hockings Kimberley J. , Ito Miho , Yamakoshi Gen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Local Manon people and wild chimpanzees coexist at Bossou in Guinea, West Africa, and overlap in their use of many resources. Wine from the raffia palm (Raphia hookeri, Arecaceae) is widely consumed and is an integral part of people’s daily lives and ceremonies. It functions as a social lubricant and is a crucial aspect of men’s social relations. Local palm wine harvesters tap wild raffia palms and the sap that collects in plastic containers quickly ferments. Chimpanzees also ingest this alcoholic beverage using elementary technology—a leafy tool. These observations provide important support for molecular data that the last common ancestor of living African apes and modern humans was not averse to ingesting foods containing ethanol. They also demonstrate how understanding human practices are crucial for accurately interpreting chimpanzee behaviour, including ethanol consumption, in shared landscapes.
The Nature of Sweetness
Authors: Daly Lewis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter is an ethnographic case study of the fermentation of cassava beer among the indigenous Makushi people of southern Guyana. The chapter constitutes the first in-depth anthropological study of parakari, a unique kind of cassava beer fermented via the cultivation of a domesticated species of saprotrophic fungus (Rhizopus sp.). Herein, the author explores Makushi theories and practices of fermentation, and, more broadly, the ways in which alcoholic drinks operate as catalysts for processes of social and cosmic reproduction and transformation in indigenous Amazonia. For the Makushi, as it is argued, the production and consumption of cassava beer is understood as a more-than-human process of person-making, harnessing the vibrant agency of a diversity of vegetal, animal, microbial, and spiritual entities and forces. Fermentation, in this frame, is treated both as a sociotechnical system and an ecosystem.
Chicha as Water
Authors: Rosinger Asher Y. , Bethancourt Hilary J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Since the agricultural revolution, traditional fermented beers served social and dietary functions, including hydration. There are longstanding customs of producing, consuming, and socializing with home-made beers. However, because they are time- and labour-intensive to produce, shifts away from traditional beers often occur with the introduction of market alcohols, which may not fulfil the dietary functions of traditional beers. This paper uses nine years of longitudinal data from 963 Tsimane’ Bolivian forager-horticulturalist adults to examine how the consumption of chicha, a traditional fermented beer, and market alcohol changed during a period of increased market integration from 2002 to 2010. It then uses cross-sectional dietary recall data with 45 adults to estimate chicha contributions to water intake. Our findings suggest that chicha consumption has decreased over time for women but not men. Chicha consumption, while more common, was strongly predictive of market alcohol consumption. Chicha contributed 1 litre to water needs for men and 0.6 litre for women. The increased drive to produce cash crops may not only limit the availability of preferred crops for chicha but also reduce the amount of time available to spend making chicha. Alternatives for making water more palatable, such as adding store-bought water flavouring powders, could further reduce traditional chicha consumption thereby having potential implications on daily social life and ripple effects on nutrition and hydration.
Through the Drinking Glass
Authors: McShane Angela 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter argues that drinking things are of central importance to our understanding of the long relationship between humans and alcohol. It explores the history of the English man (and woman’s) pint of beer, as an object, a drink, and a measure, from the late-sixteenth to the twenty-first century, to show how the relationships between objects, drinks, and measures have been socially and culturally constructed over time. Drawing upon a wide range of objects, images, and textual sources, and benefiting from the theoretical lenses of material performativity and praxeology, it argues that material insights not only help us to understand the deeper cultural processes at play in the routines and rituals of convivial drinking, but also help us to understand their wider role in social and political change.
National Identity, Pride, and Chauvinism—their Origins and Consequences for Globalization Attitudes
Authors: Huddy Leonie , Ponte Alessandro Del 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTheorists of liberal nationalism argue that national identities serve as essential glue binding a nation. However, national identities can create tensions among subgroups of co-nationals and breed suspicion of outsiders. This chapter analyses the psychology of national attachments to better understand the effects of national identity, identifying three types of national attachment: chauvinism, pride, and identity. The chapter then investigates their differing origins and consequences, focusing on their effects on support for globalization, such as attitudes towards protectionism and immigration. The chapter finds that national chauvinism undercuts and pride enhances support for globalization, underscoring the diverse political effects of national attachments.
National Attachment—Cohesive, Divisive, or Both?
Authors: Gustavsson Gina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA large number of empirical studies of in-group sympathy and helpfulness suggest that the sheer strength of a person’s national attachment should increase her solidarity with her co-nationals. This relationship is likely to be independent of how she conceives the content of that identity and the extent to which she believes her co-nationals share this commitment. The direction of this link, moreover, might look different depending on whether the dimension of national attachment at hand is national identity, national pride, or national chauvinism. The chapter utilizes survey data from the Netherlands (LISS), arguably a more relevant context for liberal nationalists than the more typically studied cases of the USA and Canada. The Dutch demonstrate significant relationships between national attachment and support for egalitarianism, even when controlling for ideology. National identity turns out to be consistently related to more willingness to share resources with our co-nationals, whilst national pride shows a negative link to redistributive solidarity.
The Self-Proclaimed Economic Wizard
Authors: Bollard Alan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Seeking an arms deal, Kung flew to Germany to meet Adolf Hitler. There he also met Hjalmar Schacht, the austere German Reichsbank head. Schacht was a clever banker who became famous for helping stem Germany’s hyper-inflation in the 1920s. As Head of the Reichsbank, he was very influential helping the Nazis fund rearmament in Germany, finding innovative ways to finance purchases, and working out a system of trade barter to avoid economic sanctions. He was a very opinionated man, and following disagreements with Hitler, he was eventually sacked by the Nazis. He soon found himself imprisoned in concentration camps. After the war he was indicted in the Nuremberg Trials for helping the Nazis, but was eventually released.
‘No One in Our Age was Cleverer …’
Authors: Bollard Alan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
As troops massed on the border, John Maynard Keynes had to hastily cut short a holiday in France. A government advisor, academic, journalist, and polymath, he spent the next few years working on pioneering and highly innovative economic ideas: how to pay for the war, how to apply his ground-breaking ‘General Theory’ to policy, how to avoid repeating the mistakes of Versailles, and how to set up an international clearing exchange at Bretton Woods that would eventually become the IMF. As Germany turned on the Soviet Union, Keynes became very worried about his Russian in-laws caught up in the terrible siege of Leningrad.
The Calculating Iceman
Authors: Bollard Alan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The only way through the wartime Leningrad siege was a winter ice road across a lake, monitored by a brilliant young Soviet mathematician. Leonid Kantorovich had been brought up in the chaos of post-Czarist Russia, and during his pioneering career invented linear programming to help Soviet industry become more efficient, then worked out mathematical ways to improve the planning of the whole Soviet economy. But this was dangerous work, as Stalin disapproved of economists and cybernetics, had sent many to the gulags, and was trying to run the economy himself, despite all the practical problems of wartime central planning without prices.
The Peacenik who Helped Bombing Tactics
Authors: Bollard Alan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Allies were worried whether the economy of the Soviet Union could survive the war, and in Washington the OSS (Office of Strategic Services) directed a young Russian émigré economist to study the problem: Wassily Leontief’s reports predicted the Soviet economy was stronger than thought, and ultimately he was proved right. Leontief’s big contribution was to invent the input-output methodology, and this was used in economic planning for the US economy. In the war the Americans went further, adapting this technique to map the Axis economy, and identify weak points for targeting their bombing raids in Europe. Ultimately this helped destroy the German economy.
The Business Enterprise as a Value-Creating Organization
Authors: Lazonick William , Shin Jang-Sup 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents a theoretical perspective—the Theory of Innovative Enterprise—that enables us to understand the evolving relation between value creation and value extraction. The Theory of Innovative Enterprise posits that business enterprises are central to the achievement of stable and equitable economic growth and offers an analytical framework for understanding the processes of value creation and value extraction as prime micro-level determinants of macroeconomic outcomes. Specifically, it analyzes the dynamic interaction of three social conditions of innovative enterprise—strategic control, organizational integration, and financial commitment—in determining both the value-creating capability of a business enterprise—its ability to generate higher-quality products at lower unit costs—and the distribution of value created by the enterprise among participants in the value-creation process. It provides a rigorous and relevant alternative to the prevailing market-based theories of the firm.
Reversing Predatory Value Extraction
Authors: Lazonick William , Shin Jang-Sup 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This concluding chapter suggests the following changes in the United States’ corporate-governance regime that can get its economy back on the path to sustainable prosperity: (1) rescind SEC Rule 10b-18 and ban open-market stock repurchases; (2) redesign executive pay to incentivize and reward value creation, not value extraction; (3) reconstitute corporate boards of directors to include to include representatives of households as workers, as taxpayers, and as savers as well as households as founders—and exclude the predatory value extractors; (4) reform the corporate tax system so that it returns profits to taxpaying households and funds government spending on infrastructure and knowledge for the next generation of innovative products; (5) redeploy corporate profits and productive capabilities to support collective and cumulative careers, and thus enable widespread upward socioeconomic mobility.
Operational Research and the Nuclear Battlefield
Authors: Moody Simon J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chapter 5 examines how concepts for nuclear land combat were tested through tangible training regimes and war-games to indoctrinate troops for fighting in a nuclear environment. It argues that Army research groups and training institutions made some headway into the practical challenges of preparing for nuclear ground combat, but the results highlighted the dilemmas inherent in planning for warfare using an untested weapon of unprecedented power. Objective analysis threatened to expose some of the Army’s more fanciful ideas about future war and challenged its faith in its ability to successfully prosecute the surreal mission to which it had been assigned. While the Army claimed the conclusions drawn from its research supported well-established beliefs about the modern operating environment, its critics saw only wishful thinking and the erroneous use of scientific data. The uncomfortable realities exposed by these synthetic representations of nuclear war served only to entrench the Army’s cognitive dissonance.
The Evolution of Nuclear War-Fighting Doctrine
Authors: Moody Simon J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chapter 6 assesses the evolution of the British Army’s doctrine for tactical nuclear war. It challenges the orthodox narrative of an intellectually stagnant post-war British Army by demonstrating that the service was continually engaged with the development of new doctrine throughout the Cold War. In particular, the chapter draws attention to how formal written doctrine was influenced by two of the Rhine Army’s most coveted, and controversial, commanders: Field Marshal Bernard L. Montgomery and Field Marshal Sir Nigel Bagnall. It argues that the post-war military thought of Montgomery was much more progressive than has hitherto been described by historians, and that the doctrinal reforms instigated by Bagnall in the 1980s were merely a logical progression of concepts articulated in the 1950s, calling into question the revolutionary nature of the reforms.
Conclusion
Authors: Moody Simon J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates that the British Army possessed the intellectual capacity for organizational innovation after 1945. It argues that the officer corps understood the significance of the nuclear revolution and arrived at logical conclusions as to how tactical nuclear weapons might affect land warfare. Its ability to think critically about the challenges posed by nuclear weapons calls into question the traditional narrative of the post-war British Army as an anti-intellectual organization, tied to out-of-date methods and a stagnant military doctrine. The chapter concludes that although the Army played an important role in NATO strategy, it displayed a cognitive dissonance about the logical inconsistencies of nuclear deterrence.
Introduction
Authors: Pooley William G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter situates the book as an intervention in discussions of the history of the body, suggesting that the experiences of the working population have often been absent from discussions of changing bodily cultures, which have instead tended to focus on elite discourses. The chapter suggests that the moorlands of Gascony in south-western France make a particularly powerful example, because of the scale and speed of top-down reforms of the landscape following a national law passed in 1857, which encouraged the forestation of the moorlands. The region also boasts one of the most impressive ethnographic archives, thanks to the work of the folklorist Félix Arnaudin (1844–1921). The chapter finishes with an outline of key methodologies drawn from folklore studies, including the study of performance, variation, and traceability.
Introduction
Authors: Sangiacomo Andrea 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This book defends two connected claims. First, from an historical point of view, it argues that Spinoza’s moral philosophy evolved significantly over time. In his early writings, Spinoza’s account of ethical progress towards the Supreme Good relies mostly on the epistemic self-sufficiency of the mind. In Spinoza’s mature writings, however, the emphasis shifts significantly towards the mind’s need to rely on appropriate forms of social cooperation with others. Second, from a more philosophical point of view, the book defends a reading of Spinoza’s later thought that offers a new way of understanding the relationship between reason, passions, and social embeddedness. This Introduction presents the theme of the book. It further explains the approach followed throughout the discussion, as well as how the reading proposed here is situated with respect to existing Spinoza scholarship. The Introduction also provides an outline of the contents.