bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Krebs von den Lungen (KL-6) level as a marker of exacerbation of interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Saeed Zainab H. , Magdy Mohammed H. , Abdelnaem Emad A. , Mahmoud Madyan M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundKrebs von den Lungen (KL-6) is elevated in serum of interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients based on its leakage from the alveolar space into the blood; KL-6 is significantly higher in patients with acute exacerbation of ILDs (AE-ILD) compared with stable patients. This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of KL6 to detect AE-ILD.ResultsThis is a prospective cross sectional observational study was carried out on 88 subjects at the Chest Department, Minia Cardiothoracic University Hospital, during the period from August 2018 to August 2019. This study was approved by the hospital research ethics board of Minia University and informed consent was obtained. History, examination, spirometry, ABGs, X-ray, HRCT, CBC, ESR, CRP, and KL6 levels were done to both stable and exacerbation groups of ILDs. The level of biomarkers is compared between both groups and control.Statistical analysis done by using IBM SPSS statistical package version 20 (χ2test and independent samplettest, ANOVA test, bivariate Pearson correlation analysis, and ROC curve analysis).The study showed that there is a significant difference between stable and exacerbating groups regarding fever, signs of RHF, dyspnea scale, FVC, and PaO2.ConclusionKL-6 cutoff ≥ 187.5 U/ml could exhibit AE-ILDs with a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 97%. KL-6 is a more sensitive and specific marker to detect AE-ILD.
A Certain Tendency in German Film Criticism of the Postwall Era
Authors: Rentschler Eric 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The often bemoaned crisis of West German cinema in the 1980s coincided with a dramatic changing of the nation’s film critical guard. The symptomatic impetus that had figured so strongly during the postwar era gave way to the so-called new subjectivism of young critics like Michael Althen, Claudius Seidl, and Andreas Kilb. They looked askance at the formal complexity and political activism of most art house fare and above all found themselves smitten by mainstream American features. Taking their cue from Susan Sontag and her essay “Against Interpretation,” these postmodern existentialists cultivated a highly personalized, indeed rarefied form of poetic empiricism. This study analyzes their sensibility and rhetoric, their emphases and oversights. It focuses on Dominik Graf’s essay film, Was heißt hier Ende? (Then Is It the End?, 2015), a tribute to Althen and the cohort of young critics with whom he worked and interacted.
On the Wannseeheim Youth Center
Authors: Byg Barton 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Presented here for the first time in English translation is one of Harun Farocki’s earliest publications in the journal Filmkritik, of which he later became editor. Composed largely of quotations, Farocki’s text reports on film courses at the Wannseeheim Youth Center, a form of adult and alternative education in Berlin West. The introduction to Farocki’s text connects with the New German Cinema and themes that remained central throughout his own work: collaboration and quotation, Bertolt Brecht’s concept of “learning plays,” using nonfiction to explore both social relations and the cinematic apparatus, and seeing film as a form of “productive thinking.” It represents a kernel of Farocki’s wish to put the tools of filmmaking into the hands of ordinary people, thus revealing both theoretical aspects of the cinematic apparatus itself and the interweaving of visual images with social relations. With a deadpan, whimsical tone, Farocki argues that all this is, or should be, film criticism—in German, Filmkritik.
The Last Dwelling before the Last: Siegfried Kracauer’s Critical Contribution to the Modernist Housing Debate in Weimar Germany
Authors: von Arburg Hans-Georg 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In early twentieth-century Germany a population explosion in its big cities created a housing crisis. A widespread and heavily medialized debate prompted a search for solutions and triggered a rhetoric of the last dwelling. From large communal estates to subsistence-level dwellings, a new type of housing was propagated in newspapers, magazines, exhibitions, films, guidebooks, and advertisements. Siegfried Kracauer, architect, journalist, and author, also became engaged in this debate, willfully reinterpreting New Objectivity’s aesthetics of things (Dingästhetik) both in architectural critiques for the Frankfurter Zeitung and in his novel Ginster. This article analyzes Kracauer’s critical contribution to the modernist housing debate in the Weimar Republic.
Multitasking of existence: Technological mediation in the daily life of the new digital generation
Authors: Sidiropoulou Anthi 
Published: November 2020

This study uses a qualitative research perspective in order to explore how young adults of the net generation get involved with ICTs and what types of meaning they attribute toICT use. Eighteen to twenty-two years old adults in Greece constitute the first generation that were born and raised in a digital environment. Our purpose is to explore how this generation express themselves and fulfil psychological needs while in cyberspace, in what ways and to what degree fulfilment is achieved, how authentic the expression of needsis, and to what type of emotional experience this whole process contributes. Are young adults able to distinguish the psychological signification of their ICTs use? We investigated these questions by asking participants to keepa diary for a period of five daysabout their patterns of ICTs use, the emotional needs covered by this use, the satisfaction they receive from it,and theirmultitasking practices, and then to reflect and report on their personal findings. Thematic analysis of the findings and self-reports indicates that young adults do not seem to receive the psychological seek while using ICTs; this lack of fulfilment contributes in turn to extended multitasking practices, even when it comes to selected leisure activities. Τhis mediated daily routine creates new forms of anxiety toyoung adults, who report feeling trapped in a permanently escaping reality that requires constant presence and participation.
Role of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in North American Patients With Severe Acute Liver Injury
Authors: Fontana Robert J. , Engle Ronald E. , Gottfried Michelle , Hammed Bilal , Hanje James , Durkalski Valerie , Kleiner David E. , Nguyen Hanh , Nishimura Norihisa , Lee William M. , Farci Patrizia ,   for the Acute Liver Failure Study Group
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION:
The aim of this study was to determine the role of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in a large cohort of prospectively enrolled patients with severe acute liver injury (ALI).

METHODS:
Serum samples from 594 consecutive adults enrolled between 2008 and 2018 in the US Acute Liver Failure Study Group ALI registry were tested for anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgG levels. Those with detectable anti-HEV IgM underwent further testing for HEV RNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS:
The median age of patients was 38 years; 41% were men and 72% Caucasian. Etiologies of ALI included acetaminophen hepatotoxicity (50%), autoimmune hepatitis (8.9%), hepatitis B virus (8.9%), and idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (7.9%). Overall, 62 patients (10.4%) were negative for anti-HEV IgM but positive for IgG, whereas only 3 men (0.5%) were positive for both anti-HEV IgM and IgG. These 3 cases were initially diagnosed as having indeterminate, HEV, and hepatitis B virus-related ALI. One of these patients had detectable HEV RNA genotype 3, and another anti-HEV IgM+ patient had detectable HEV antigens by immunohistochemistry on liver biopsy. On multivariate modeling, older (odds ratio: 1.99) and non-Caucasian subjects (odds ratio: 2.92) were significantly more likely to have detectable anti-HEV IgG (P < 0.0001).

DISCUSSION:
Acute HEV infection is an infrequent cause of ALI in hospitalized North American adults. The anti-HEV IgG+ patients were significantly older and more likely to be non-Caucasian. These data are consistent with other population-based studies that indicate exposure to HEV in the general US population is declining over time and might reflect a cohort effect.
Einleitung
Authors: Ehrmann-Herfort Sabine , Schmidt Dörte 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The German Historical Institute in Rome (DHI Rome) is the only one among the Humanities Institutes of the Max Weber Foundation abroad to have its own music department, the importance of which in the German-speaking world is demonstrated by the close and structurally anchored connection with the Gesellschaft für Musikforschung (German Musicological Society), among other things, which has been in place since the beginning. The 60th anniversary of the Music History Department at the DHI Rome (after the focus on the historical reappraisal of its founding history on the occasion of its 50th anniversary) now provides an opportunity to focus on the question of the methodological conditions of the relationship between historically active musicology and historical studies. In the end, the question will not only be what opportunities lie today in the connection of the two disciplines, but also why this should continue to be done within the framework of research humanities institutes abroad.
Noten und Akten
Authors: Schenk Dietmar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Historical archives are institutions holding historical sources, in particular deeds and files, that is to say records created in the past for administrative and legal purposes. Today, historical archives are responsible for preserving administrative documents that will become sources of history in the future. This paper reviews the connection – and disconnection – between archives of this type and musicology. In the field of music-historical research, it is most common to use music libraries and other special music collections, particularly to examine original manuscripts of musical compositions. Music historians have focused less on archival sources, though these are increasingly valued thanks to the influence of cultural history. On the other hand, historians dealing with general history have been little interested in the history of the arts and, particularly, in music history, instead focusing mainly on political, social and economic issues. Archivists have shared these preferences. By contrast, this article presents examples of the potential of archival sources for music-historical research, and shows that Archival Science contributes to the management of written cultural heritage in the field of music as well.
Verfolgungsinstrument Schwarze Liste
Authors: Reichard Tobias 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article investigates the importance of ‚blacklists‘ as a tool of Fascist and National Socialist racial policy in the field of music. It critically examines the radicalizing effects that National Socialist antisemitism exerted on Fascist racial policy, which has often been described as yielding to German pressure. In fact, Fascist leaders demonstrated their will to cooperate on the ‚Jewish question‘ very early, though Fascist antisemitism never reached the exterminatory dimensions of the Nazi Holocaust. Already in 1936, cultural policymakers were working towards the goals of their German allies, taking initial steps to discriminate against Jewish musicians long before the Racial Laws were introduced in 1938. Various documents recently discovered in the historical archives of the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome also highlight the pivotal role of musical institutions and their rich documentation in the investigation of cultural policy under Fascist rule, especially since the vast majority of the official records belonging to central institutions like the Italian Propaganda Ministry must be considered lost.
Netzwerke in der Ottonenzeit
Authors: Manganaro Stefano 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Relationships between kings and monasteries or convents were governed by three privileges: free election, immunity, and royal protection. While the first two privileges have been extensively investigated, royal protection has attracted little attention among medievalists, with the exception of German scholarship. The latter has usually emphasised a specific consequence of the use of this privilege, namely the transfer of ownership rights over the monastery or the convent from the founders’ family to the king. However, this was just one possible effect of royal protection, not necessarily the most common or most important. The distinguishing features of this privilege have been largely ignored, namely its nature as a right in personam, and not in rem, as well as its jurisdictional content, since royal protection allowed protected persons to be judged by the royal court. This article aims to explore the full political potential of royal protection, and to reconstruct the institutional dynamics that the use of this privilege could trigger in the Ottonian period. Two case studies are analysed comparatively: Central Italy and Eastern Saxony. Though different and distant from each other, these two political spaces can be fruitfully compared, as the Ottonians and the religious communities of these areas deliberately decided to make intensive use of royal protection to shape their mutual relationships. This comparative study reveals significant differences in the political application of the privilege in the two regions, in part reflecting a dissimilar understanding of the idea of royal protection itself. This privilege established a bilateral and asymmetrical relationship of variable intensity, which could change in time and space depending on the variable degree of political autonomy enjoyed by the protected abbot (abbess) and his (her) community as well as the different attitude of the king, acting as a lenient judge or as lord of those under his protection.
Guido Bentivoglios „Della Guerra di Fiandra“ und die europäische Zeitgeschichtsschreibung über den niederländischen Aufstand (1596–1648)
Authors: Kempkens Dieter 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This essay offers a complete analysis and contextualization of Guido Bentivoglio’s contemporary history „Della Guerra di Fiandra”. The comparison with works by historians from the Netherlands, France and Italy, also translated into several languages, on the uprising of the provinces of the northern Netherlands, reveals similarities in composition, stylistic devices, communication with readers and their explicit or implicit individual intentions: they wished to influence current politics. In contrast to the others, Bentivoglio did not write a history book that could be verified by many sources, but a political and military textbook for readers, whom he wished to instruct and delight with classical stylistic devices, situationally used sentences and fictional speeches. With his combination of res gestae with res fictae he created a variant of contemporary history.
Die italienischen Reichslehen im Spiegel der Nuntiaturberichte in der Zeit um 1630
Authors: Becker Rotraud 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
During the Thirty Years’ War, the affairs of the Italian imperial fiefdoms could not be at the centre of Imperial Court policy. The correspondence of the nuncios with the Roman Secretariat of State, however, shows that disputes over enfeoffments and other feudal-law problems were not important only in connection with the War of the Mantuan Succession, but that conflicts arose in various areas of northern Italy and kept the Imperial Court Council and imperial commissioners occupied. On the one hand, there were conflicting views concerning the feudal status of territories annexed by the Papal States. In addition, there were unclear legal conditions and disputes regarding many small dominions in the border regions of Savoy-Piedmont, Milan, Genoa and Tuscany, and not just because of the efforts of these principalities to incorporate imperial fiefdoms. There were also serious conflicts over generously granted imperial enfeoffments not in line with Spanish interests. The reports of the nuncios also name some of the fief holders who were taking legal action in Vienna. Additionally, they show that measures taken by the Imperial Court regarding the Italian imperial fiefdoms were considered with great suspicion in Rome and that the Curia in various cases conformed to the French position, which tended to ignore or expressly reject the idea that the imperial fiefdoms were under the control of the Emperor.
L’Antirisorgimento nel dibattito pubblico dell’Italia repubblicana
Authors: Cajani Luigi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
During the celebration of the 150th anniversary of Italian unification in 2011 three disparaging views of the Risorgimento were publicly expressed: the first by ultraconservative Catholics, the second by the neo-Bourbon movement and the third by the Lega Nord. This article analyses their cultural roots, evolution and mutual relations, with a particular focus on the neo-Bourbon movement, the most active during recent years.
Demand and Supply of Face Masks during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Iyer Swaminathan P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Healthcare workers caring for sick patients are exposed to biological aerosols or droplets generated from sneezing, coughing, breathing, and speaking that may include normal oral, nasopharyngeal, or skin bacteria along with infectious ones such as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). It therefore follows that one of the main aspects of personal protective equipment against COVID-19 is the mask. It has now been conclusively shown that use of surgical masks by general public and health care personnel have helped to prevent the spread of infection, particularly COVID-19. In this brief technical note, we address the urgency in meeting the increasing demands of masks as the first line of defense in the ongoing pandemic.
External environment transformation of Ukraine's tourist enterprises during the crisis
Authors: Bieloborodova Mariia , Bessonova Svitlana 
Published: November 2020

Purpose – to identify trends in Ukraine's tourism enterprises' external environment to increase their competitiveness and stability in the relevant industry market.
Design/Method/Approach of the research. Theoretical generalization, method of abstraction, expert assessments, PEST-analysis, factor analysis, graphical method.
Findings. The research studies the changes in the external environment of tourist enterprises during the pandemic crisis. The critical factors of such enterprises' external environment are revealed based on considering their importance and the influence direction on the competitiveness of tourist business units. The paper covers the most significant negative and positive trends of changes in Ukraine's tourist enterprises' external environment. The authors provided recommendations for strategic planning of tourist business units' competitiveness.
Practical implications. The research results allow identifying areas for increasing the competitiveness of national tourism enterprises and effectively adapting to the external environment's transformations during the crisis in the globalized social and economic space.
Originality/Value. Based on the expert assessment, the authors proposed an expanded factors list of the external environment of national tourism enterprises, which, in contrast to the existing ones, consider the crisis's negative consequences. PEST-analysis clusters of environmental factors allowed to identify with a significant positive or negative impact on the competitiveness of tourism enterprises.
Research limitations/Future research. The research results provide a basis for further study of the external macro- and micro-environment of tourism enterprises at the local, regional, and national levels. And for element-by-element SWOT-analysis of tourism enterprises during the pandemic crisis.
Paper type – theoretical.
Epigenetically inactivated RASSF1A as a tumor biomarker
Authors: Raos Dora , Ulamec Monika , Katusic Bojanac Ana , Bulic-Jakus Floriana , Jezek Davor , Sincic Nino 
Published: November 2020

RASSF1A represents one of the eight isoforms of the RASSF1 gene. RASSF1A is a tumor suppressor gene whose inactivation influences tumor initiation and development. In cancer, RASSF1A is frequently inactivated by mutations, loss of heterozygosity and, most commonly, by promoter hypermethylation. As epigenetic inactivation of RASSF1A was detected in various cancer types, it was extensively investigated and nowadays, the research on RASSF1A promoter methylation proceeds in the light of an epigenetic tumor biomarker. Analyses of DNA methylation of genes involved in carcinogenesis such as RASSF1A are currently done mostly on genomic DNA (gDNA). Simultaneously, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from liquid biopsies has lately been developed as an early cancer diagnostic tool. This review discusses the evidence on aberrantly methylated RASSF1A in gDNA and cfDNA from different cancer types and its utility for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and surveillance. Furthermore, methylation frequencies of RASSF1A in gDNA and cfDNA were compared in various cancer types. The weaknesses and strengths of the investigations mentioned above are discussed. In conclusion, although the importance of RASSSF1A methylation in relation to cancer was established, and it became included in several diagnostic panels, the evidence of its diagnostic utility is still experimental and not yet implemented in standard clinical health care.
An x-ray of a genocide: Persecution of Catholic Church during the Spanish civil war (1936-1939)
Authors: De la Fuente de Pablo Pablo 
Published: November 2020

Radiogram ludobójstwa: prześladowania Kościoła w czasie wojny domowej w Hiszpanii (1936-1939)
Jednym z największych ludobójstw w historii Hiszpanii były mordy, do których doszło w wyniku prześladowań religijnych z okresu Drugiej Republiki oraz hiszpańskiej wojny domowej. Obecnie w ramach politycznie poprawnego dyskursu usiłuje się przedstawiać te fakty jako działania podejmowane przez osoby niekontrolowane przez ówczesne władze w trudnej do monitorowania sytuacji. Prawda jest jednak zupełnie inna. Zabójstwa, tortury i gwałty popełniały w przytłaczającej większości oddziały milicji, stworzone i nadzorowane przez władze Republiki.
COVER CROPS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION - NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS AND AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE GROWN IN SUCESSION
Authors: VALICHESKI ROMANO ROBERTO , EGER JORDANO GILBERTO , STÜRMER SIDINEI LEANDRO K. , AMLER FABRÍCIO FLÁVIO , ESTEVÃO FELIPE JOSÉ , CRUZ SIHELIO JULIO SILVA 
Published: November 2020

Cover crops can contribute differently to the supply of nitrogen to crops. The objective was to evaluate the response of maize to nitrogen doses (0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg ha-1) when grown in succession to cover crops (vetch, forage turnip, black oat, ryegrass and fallow). The randomized block experimental design was used, with subdivided plots and four replications. Cover crops were allocated into plots, and N doses into sub-plots. As to cover crops, the aspects evaluated were phytomass production, N content and total accumulated; with regard to maize, the aspects evaluated were SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis evelopment) index, leaf N content, total grain protein, yield and agronomic efficiency of N. Black oat, ryegrass and forage turnip presented higher phytomass production. All species had similar results as to the total N accumulated in the aerial part (average value of 91.06 kg ha-1). In succession to black oat, ryegrass and fallow period, N doses up to 140 kg ha-1 applied in maize result in higher yield and better agronomic efficiency of nitrogen use. Without application of nitrogen (0.0 kg ha1), forage turnip and vetch provided higher total protein content in the grain, yield over 8,550 kg ha-1, and less agronomic efficiency of nitrogen use.