bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Hearing Loss and Hearing Device Fitting on Fatigue in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Holman Jack A. , Drummond Avril , Naylor Graham 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
To conduct a systematic review to address two research questions: (Q1) Does hearing loss have an effect on fatigue? (Q2) Does hearing device fitting have an effect on fatigue? It was hypothesized that hearing loss would increase fatigue (H1), and hearing device fitting would reduce fatigue (H2).

Design:
Systematic searches were undertaken of five bibliographic databases: Embase, MedLine, Web of Science, Psychinfo, and the Cochrane Library. English language peer-reviewed research articles were included from inception until present. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were formulated using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study design strategy.

Results:
Initial searches for both research questions produced 1,227 unique articles, after removal of duplicates. After screening, the full text of 61 studies was checked, resulting in 12 articles with content relevant to the research questions. The reference lists of these studies were examined, and a final updated search was conducted on October 16, 2019. This resulted in a final total of 20 studies being selected for the review. For each study, the information relating to the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study design criteria and the statistical outcomes relating to both questions (Q1 and Q2) were extracted. Evidence relating to Q1 was provided by 15 studies, reporting 24 findings. Evidence relating to Q2 was provided by six studies, reporting eight findings. One study provided evidence for both. Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation guidelines, the quality of evidence on both research questions was deemed to be “very low.” It was impossible to perform a meta-analysis of the results due to a lack of homogeneity.

Conclusions:
As the studies were too heterogeneous to support a meta-analysis, it was not possible to provide statistically significant evidence to support the hypotheses that hearing loss results in increased fatigue (H1) or that hearing device fitting results in decreased fatigue (H2). Despite this, the comparative volume of positive results and the lack of any negative findings are promising for future research (particularly in respect of Q1). There was a very small number of studies deemed eligible for the review, and there was large variability between studies in terms of population, and quantification of hearing loss and fatigue. The review highlights the need for consistency when measuring fatigue, particularly when using self-report questionnaires, where the majority of the current evidence was generated.
PrEvention of Posttraumatic contractuRes with Ketotifen 1 (PERK 1): A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hildebrand Kevin A. , Schneider Prism S. , Mohtadi Nicholas G. H. , Ademola Ayoola , White Neil J. , Garven Alexandra , Walker Richard E. A. , Sajobi Tolulope T. ,   on behalf of the PERK 1 Investigators
Published: July 2020

Objective:
To assess the use of ketotifen fumarate (KF) to reduce posttraumatic contractures after elbow fractures and/or dislocations.

Design:
Randomized clinical trial.

Setting:
Three hospitals in Calgary, Canada, including one Level 1 trauma center.

Participants:
Adults (n = 151) sustaining operative or nonoperatively managed isolated distal humerus or proximal radius ± ulna fractures or elbow dislocations within 7 days of injury.

Interventions:
KF 5 mg (n = 74) or lactose placebo (PL, n = 77) orally twice daily for 6 weeks.

Main Outcomes:
Primary outcome elbow flexion–extension arc range of motion (ROM) at 12 weeks postrandomization. Safety measures including serious adverse events and radiographic fracture line disappearance from 2 to 52 weeks postrandomization.

Results:
The elbow ROM (mean, confidence interval) was not significantly different between KF (122 degrees, 118–127 degrees) and PL (124 degrees, 119–130 degrees) groups (P = 0.56). There was a significant difference in elbow ROM at 12 weeks postrandomization comparing operative (117 degrees, 112–122 degrees) versus nonoperative groups (128 degrees, 124–133 degrees) irrespective of intervention (P = 0.0011). There were 11 serious adverse events (KF = 6, PL = 5) that were those expected in an elbow fracture population potentially taking KF. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of these events between the groups. The disappearance of fracture lines over the course of time was similar between groups. There was one nonunion in each group.

Conclusions:
In a population of operative and nonoperatively managed elbow fractures and/or dislocations KF did not reduce posttraumatic contractures. The administration of KF in this population was not found to result in a significantly higher number of major adverse events when compared with placebo.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Classification of Bone Defects: An Extension of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association Open Fracture Classification
Authors: Tetsworth Kevin D. , Burnand Henry G. , Hohmann Erik , Glatt Vaida 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
To develop a post-traumatic bone defect classification scheme and complete a preliminary assessment of its reliability.

Design:
Retrospective classification.

Setting:
Tertiary referral trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Twenty open fractures with bone loss.

Intervention:
Assignment of a bone defect classification grade.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Open fractures were classified based on orthogonal radiographs, assessing the extent and local geometry of bone loss, including D1—incomplete defects, D2—minor/subcritical (complete) defects (<2 cm), and D3—segmental/critical-sized defects (≥2 cm). Incomplete defects (D1) include D1A—<25% cortical loss, D1B—25%–75% cortical loss, and D1C—>75% cortical loss. Minor/subcritical (complete) defects (<2 cm) (D2) include D2A—2 oblique ends allowing for possible overlap, D2B—one end oblique/one end transverse, and D2C—2 transverse ends. Segmental/critical-sized Defects (≥2 cm) include D3A—moderate defects, 2 to <4 cm; D3B—major defects, 4 to <8 cm; and D3C—massive defects, ≥8 cm. Reliability was assessed among 3 independent observers using Fleiss' kappa tests.

Results:
Interobserver reliability demonstrated the classification scheme has very good agreement, κ = 0.8371, P < 0.0005. Intraobserver reliability was excellent, κ = 1.000 (standard error 0.1478–0.1634), P < 0.00001. Interobserver reliability for the distinction between categories alone (D1, D2, or D3) was also excellent, κ = 1.000 (standard error 0.1421–0.1679), P < 0.00001.

Conclusions:
This classification scheme provides a robust guide to bone defect assessment that can potentially facilitate selection of the most appropriate treatment strategy to optimize clinical outcomes.
A demonstration project of Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Prediction of interactions between air pollution and allergen exposure—the Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK-Impact of air POLLution on Asthma and Rhinitis approach
Authors: Sofiev Mikhail , Palamarchuk Yuliia , Bédard Annabelle , Basagana Xavier , Anto Josep M. , Kouznetsov Rostislav , Urzua Rodrigo Delgado , Bergmann Karl Christian , Fonseca Joao A. , De Vries Govert , Van Erd Michiel , Annesi-Maesano Isabella , Laune Daniel , Pépin Jean Louis , Jullian-Desayes Ingrid , Zeng Stephane , Czarlewski Wienczyslawa , Bousquet Jean 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis review analyzes the state and recent progress in the field of information support for pollen allergy sufferers. For decades, information available for the patients and allergologists consisted of pollen counts, which are vital but insufficient. New technology paves the way to substantial increase in amount and diversity of the data. This paper reviews old and newly suggested methods to predict pollen and air pollutant concentrations in the air and proposes an allergy risk concept, which combines the pollen and pollution information and transforms it into a qualitative risk index. This new index is available in an app (Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK-air) that was developed in the frame of the European Union grant Impact of Air POLLution on sleep, Asthma and Rhinitis (a project of European Institute of Innovation and Technology-Health). On-going transformation of the pollen allergy information support is based on new technological solutions for pollen and air quality monitoring and predictions. The new information-technology and artificial-intelligence-based solutions help to convert this information into easy-to-use services for both medical practitioners and allergy sufferers.
Controversies on the Consequences of Iron Overload and Chelation in MDS
Authors: Vinchi Francesca , Hell Saskia , Platzbecker Uwe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany patients with MDS are prone to develop systemic and tissue iron overload in part as a consequence of disease‐immanent ineffective erythropoiesis. However, chronic red blood cell transfusions, which are part of the supportive care regimen to correct anemia, are the major source of iron overload in MDS. Increased systemic iron levels eventually lead to the saturation of the physiological systemic iron carrier transferrin and the occurrence of non‐transferrin‐bound iron (NTBI) together with its reactive fraction, the labile plasma iron (LPI). NTBI/LPI‐mediated toxicity and tissue iron overload may exert multiple detrimental effects that contribute to the pathogenesis, complications and eventually evolution of MDS. Until recently, the evidence supporting the use of iron chelation in MDS was based on anecdotal reports, uncontrolled clinical trials or prospective registries. Despite not fully conclusive, these and more recent studies, including the TELESTO trial, unravel an overall adverse action of iron overload and therapeutic benefit of chelation, ranging from improved hematological outcome, reduced transfusion dependence and superior survival of iron‐loaded MDS patients. The still limited and somehow controversial experimental and clinical data available from preclinical studies and randomized trials highlight the need for further investigation to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying the pathological impact of iron overload‐mediated toxicity as well as the effect of classic and novel iron restriction approaches in MDS. This review aims at providing an overview of the current clinical and translational debated landscape about the consequences of iron overload and chelation in the setting of MDS.
Corneal Crosslinking to Regress Pathologic Corneal Neovascularization Before High-Risk Keratoplasty
Authors: Schaub Friederike , Hou Yanhong , Zhang Wei , Bock Felix , Hos Deniz , Cursiefen Claus 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
Corneal neovascularization is the main risk factor for graft rejection after high-risk penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Corneal crosslinking (CXL) has been shown to regress pathological corneal blood and lymphatic vessels and to reduce the risk of graft rejection after high-risk PK experimentally in mice. The aim of this work was to analyze whether CXL is also able to regress corneal neovascularization in patients and is a safe procedure in the context of high-risk PK.

Methods:
This retrospective case series included 5 patients with progressive corneal neovascularization and the need for high-risk PK because of graft rejection and/or keratitis that received CXL and PK between April 2019 and January 2020. CXL was performed before or in combination with PK and the effect of CXL on corneal neovascularization was assessed morphometrically on slit-lamp images. Patients were followed up to determine the incidence of adverse effects and graft rejection.

Results:
In 1 case, peripheral corneal CXL was performed first as a single procedure, followed by an additional peripheral CXL procedure combined with PK. In all other cases, peripheral CXL was directly combined with PK. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. Peripheral CXL resulted in a reduction of corneal neovascularization (mean reduction of 70.5% ± 22.7%). Revascularization was not observed. All transplants remained clear and without immune reactions (mean follow-up 16.4 ± 14.9 weeks, range 4–42 weeks).

Conclusions:
CXL is able to reduce pathological corneal neovascularization and might therefore be a novel treatment option to improve graft survival after high-risk PK.
Case Series: Novel Utilization of Rho-Kinase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Corneal Edema
Authors: Davies Emma 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To describe 3 cases of corneal clearance after the use of topical rho-kinase inhibitor, netarsudil, in the setting of endothelial cell dysfunction in comparison to one case without corneal clearance after the use of netarsudil.

Methods:
Four patients presenting to a busy academic clinical corneal practice with visual complaints from corneal edema secondary to endothelial cell dysfunction were treated with topical netarsudil one drop daily in the affected eye.

Results:
Corneal clearance was observed in 1) a case of peripheral corneal edema in the setting of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome after 4 weeks on netarsudil, 2) a case of corneal edema in the setting of early penetrating keratoplasty graft failure after 2-week use of netarsudil, and 3) a case of corneal edema in the setting of chronic penetrating keratoplasty graft failure after 4-week use of netarsudil. Corneal clearance was not observed in a case of corneal edema in the setting of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy from previous complicated intraocular lens exchange surgery with placement of an anterior chamber intraocular lens after the use of netarsudil for 12 weeks.

Conclusions:
Addition of topical rho-kinase inhibitor in the form of netarsudil can result in corneal clearance in a variety of certain cases of endothelial cell dysfunction, not previously documented in the literature.
Uncovering the analgesic effects of a pH-dependent mu-opioid receptor agonist using a model of nonevoked ongoing pain
Authors: Massaly Nicolas , Temp Julia , Machelska Halina , Stein Christoph 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Currently, opioids targeting mu-opioid receptors are the most potent drugs for acute and cancer pain. However, opioids produce adverse side effects such as constipation, respiratory depression, or addiction potential. We recently developed (±)-N-(3-fluoro-1-phenethylpiperidine-4-yl)-N-phenyl propionamide (NFEPP), a compound that does not evoke central or intestinal side effects due to its selective activation of mu-opioid receptors at low pH in peripheral injured tissues. Although we demonstrated that NFEPP effectively abolishes injury-induced pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia in rodents, the efficacy of NFEPP in nonevoked ongoing pain remains to be established. Here, we examined reward, locomotor activity, and defecation in rats with complete Freund's adjuvant-induced paw inflammation to compare fentanyl's and NFEPP's potentials to induce side effects and to inhibit spontaneous pain. We demonstrate that low, but not higher, doses of NFEPP produce conditioned place preference but not constipation or motor disturbance, in contrast to fentanyl. Using a peripherally restricted antagonist, we provide evidence that NFEPP-induced place preference is mediated by peripheral opioid receptors. Our results indicate that a low dose of NFEPP produces reward by abolishing spontaneous inflammatory pain.
Pain trajectory defines knee osteoarthritis subgroups: a prospective observational study
Authors: Radojčić Maja R. , Arden Nigel K. , Yang Xiaotian , Strauss Victoria Y. , Birrell Fraser , Cooper Cyrus , Kluzek Stefan ,   the VIDEO Trial Investigators
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous disease, and identification of its subgroups/phenotypes can improve patient treatment and drug development. We aimed to identify homogeneous OA subgroups/phenotypes using pain development over time; to understand the interplay between pain and functional limitation in time course; and to investigate subgroups' responses to available pharmacological and surgical treatments. We used group-based trajectory modelling to identify pain trajectories in the phase-3 VIDEO trial (n = 474, 3-year follow-up) and also in the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort study (n = 4796, 9-year follow-up). We extended trajectory models by (1) fitting dual trajectories to investigate the interplay between pain and functional limitation over time, and (2) including analgesic use as a time-varying covariate. Also, we investigated the relationship between trajectory groups and knee replacement in regression models. We identified 4 pain trajectory groups in the trial and 6 in the cohort. These overlapped and led us to define 4 OA phenotypes: low-fluctuating, mild-increasing, moderate-treatment-sensitive, and severe-treatment-insensitive pain. Over time, functional knee limitation followed the same trajectory as pain with almost complete concordance (94.3%) between pain and functional limitation trajectory groups. Notably, we identified a phenotype with severe pain that did not benefit from available treatments, and another one most likely to benefit from knee replacement. Thus, knee OA subgroups/phenotypes can be identified based on patients' pain experiences in studies with long and regular follow-up. We provided a robust approach, reproducible between different study designs, which informs clinicians about symptom development and delivery of treatment options and opens a new avenue toward personalized medicine in OA.
Using Data Analytics to Improve Hospital Quality Performance
Authors: Pitocco Christine , Sexton Thomas R. , Stickle Kelly 
Published: July 2020

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The objective of this study was to build a unified quality performance model for hospitals using publicly available data. We obtained data from the New York State Department of Health’s Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database for our model, which had three outcome measures that we wished to make smaller (deaths, readmissions, average length of stay). Because this was a performance model rather than an economic efficiency model, we excluded costs, which are affected significantly by local economic conditions. We included four site characteristics. With our data envelopment analysis model structure, we used logistic regression to analyze the output. We extracted data for 2,233,214 discharges in 2014 from 183 hospitals in the state. We found that 20.8% of the facilities were on the quality performance frontier—20.6% of the not-for-profit facilities and 21.4% of the other facilities. Hospitals with more discharges performed better with respect to mortality, readmission, and average length of stay. We found no difference in performance between not-for-profit hospitals and others. We concluded that 79.2% of hospitals could improve their quality of care. As an upper bound, if all hospitals increased each quality factor performance to 100%, there would have been 11,722 (24.8%) fewer deaths, 17,840 (15.8%) fewer readmissions, and the statewide average length of stay would have been 0.71 days (13.5%) less.
Increased Sessile Serrated Adenoma Detection Rate With Mechanical New Technology Devices
Authors: Verheyen Elijah , Castaneda Daniel , Gross Seth A. , Popov Violeta 
Published: July 2020

Goal:
This meta-analysis aims to compare the sessile-serrated adenoma detection rate (SSADR) of currently available mechanical new technology devices (NTDs) to conventional colonoscopy (CC).

Background:
NTDs including Endocuff, EndoRing, G-Eye, and AmplifEYE were developed with the aim of improving adenoma detection rate by enhancing colonic mucosal visualization. Increasing awareness of the risk of sessile-serrated adenoma progression to malignancy has ushered a need to increase the detection of these characteristically flat lesions.

Study:
Embase and PubMed/Medline databases were searched from inception through January 2019 for published manuscripts or major conference abstracts reporting SSADR with Endocuff, EndoRing, G-Eye, AmplifEYE, and CC. Randomized controlled trials, high-quality case-control, cohort, and observational studies in adults with >10 subjects were included. The primary outcome was pooled SSADR odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) comparing CC with the NTDs. In addition, an analysis comparing each device to CC was performed.

Results:
Of 207 citations identified, a total of 14 studies with 12,655 subjects were included in our analysis (5931 subjects with NTDs and 6724 with CC). There were 12 studies with Endocuff, 2 with EndoRing, 1 with G-EYE, and 1 with AmplifEYE. The mean age was 62.4 years and 57.5% were males. Pooled SSADR with NTDs was 12.3% as compared with 6.4% with CC, with an OR of 1.81 (95% CI: 1.6-2.0, I
2: 77%). Analysis of Endocuff alone yielded an OR 1.81 (95% CI: 1.6-2.1, I
2: 79%).

Conclusion:
Mechanical NTDs, notably Endocuff, are a safe and effective tool to increase the SSADR.
Incidence Rates, Treatment, and Survival of Rectal Cancer Among Young Patients
Authors: Ramai Daryl , Ofosu Andrew , Solanki Vaibhavi , Lai Jonathan K. , Barakat Mohamed , Dhaliwal Amaninder , Aamar Ali , Aloreidi Khalil , Mohan Babu P. , Reddy Madhavi , Adler Douglas G. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
The incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing among young adults in the United States. We aim to investigate the incidence rate, the effect of multimodal therapy, and survival outcomes of rectal cancer in patients under 45 years of age.

Patients and Methods:
Data on young-onset (under 45 y) rectal cancer between 2000 and 2016 was extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Registry (SEER).

Results:
A total of 10,375 patients with young-onset rectal cancer were identified where 54.7% were male. The median age at diagnosis was 40±5.7 years. The overall age-adjusted incidence of rectal cancer between 2000 and 2016 was 1.24 per 100,000 per year. Incidence increased with age, with the highest incidence occurring in the 40- to 44-year age group. Over the 16-year study period, rectal cancer increased by ∼2.29%. Most tumors on presentation were moderately differentiated (30.8%) while the most common stage at presentation was stage 4 (48.3%). One- and 5-year cause-specific survival for rectal cancer was 93% and 72%, respectively. According to Cox proportional hazard models, chemotherapy was associated with increased mortality in patients with localized cancer [hazard ratio (HR)=2.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.04-4.08, P<0.001], did not significantly improve mortality outcomes in patients with regional cancer (HR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.70-1.04, P=0.116), but reduced mortality in patients with distant cancer (HR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.56-0.70, P<0.001), though this effect was largely seen in patients 35 years and older. Surgery was associated with improved survival across all cancer stages.

Conclusions:
The incidence of regional and distant rectal cancer is increasing in young patients. While patient age is an important prognostic indicator of survival, chemotherapy does not appear to improve survival in younger patients with localized and regional disease.