bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI KARARNAMESİNİN NORMLAR HİYERARŞİSİNDEKİ YERİ
Authors: ŞANLI ATAY Yeliz 
Published: November 2019

Makalede 2018 yılında yürürlüğe
giren Anayasa değişiklikleri ile Anayasada yerini almış bulunan
cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnamesinin normlar hiyerarşisindeki yeri inceleme konusu
yapılmaktadır. Anayasal hükümler ile yürütme organına asli düzenleme yetkisi ve
Anayasada açıkça düzenlenen bazı konu alanlarında da yürütmeye münhasır yetki
tanınmıştır. Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnamesinin normlar hiyerarşisindeki yerini
belirleyecek olan, kanun ile ilişkisidir. Kelsen’in kavramlaştırması esas
alındığında, normlar arasındaki üstünlük sıralamasında bir normun üst norm
olarak kabulü için alt normun konulma usulünü ve/veya içeriğini belirlemesi
gerekir. İlgili hükümler esas alındığında, kanun bir üst norm olarak
cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnamesinin ortaya konulma usulünü ve/veya içeriğini
belirlememektedir. Asli düzenleme yetkisinin aracı olarak cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnamesi
dayanağını doğrudan Anayasadan alarak, düzenlediği konuya ilişkin ilk elden
kural koymakta ve bu nedenle kanundan bağımsız olarak maddi bakımından bir
kural işlem şeklinde ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Buna karşılık, Anayasanın 104/17. maddesinde yer alan kurallar, kanun ve
cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnamesi arasında bir astlık üstlük ilişkisi kuran kurallar
olarak değil, çatışma kuralları olarak nitelendirilebilir. Bu saptamalar
sonucunda, cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnamesinin normlar hiyerarşisinde kanuna eşit
bir norm olarak yer aldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Novel Phytochemical Constituents and Anticancer Activities of the Genus, Typhonium
Authors: Khalivulla Shaik I. , Mohammed Arifullah , Sirajudeen Kuttulebbai N.S. , Shaik Mannur I. , Ye Weibing , Korivi Mallikarjuna 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Typhonium is the largest genus in the Araceae family (~70 species), distributed in South
Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia. Typhonium is well-known for its ethnopharmacological uses, and Southeast
Asians consider it as an alternative medicine to treat cancer. This review elucidated the confirmed chemical structures
of the isolated compounds of Typhonium and emphasized on their anticancer activities against various human
cancer cells.

Methods:
Among several species, Typhonium blumei, T. flagelliforme, T. divaricatum and T. giganteum were extensively
studied due to the presence of a class of secondary metabolites. All the available reports on Typhonium were
included and discussed in this article.

Results:
Until now several groups of compounds, namely amino acids (1, 2), cinnamic acid (3), fatty acids (4-14),
glycerol derivatives (15-18) and cerebrosides (19-34), flavonoids (35), hydantoins (36-38), lignin monomers (39-44),
nucleobases (45-48), pheophorbides (49-52), phthalate (53), terpene and steroids (54-59) and vitamins (60, 61) were
isolated and characterized from Typhonium. These phytochemicals were investigated for their anticancer properties,
and results confirmed the promising growth inhibitory effect and anticancer activities against human lung, breast,
prostate and colon cancer cells. The anticancer activity of these compounds appears to be mediated through the induction
of apoptotic cell death. These phytochemicals further reported to exhibit other pharmacological efficacies,
including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-allergic, neuroprotective and hepato-protective properties.

Conclusion:
This is the first review to summarize the anticancer properties of all isolated compounds of Typhonium
genus with confirmed chemical structures. Further advanced studies are necessary to establish the detailed signaling
pathways that are involved in the anticancer property of the compounds.
IL1R2 Polymorphisms are Associated with Increased Risk of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Liu Jianfeng , Yang Yonghui , Li Haiyue , Liu Yuanwei , Sun Yao , Wu Jiamin , Xiong Zichao , Jin Tianbo 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer
death worldwide, and the overall incidence is increasing.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between single
nucleotide polymorphisms in IL1R2 and EC risk in the Chinese population.

Methods:
Genotyping of six SNPs of IL1R2 was performed with the Agena
MassARRAY platform from 384 EC and 499 controls. The association between
polymorphisms and EC risk was assessed by performing genetics models and haplotype
analyses.

Results:
Overall analysis results showed that the allele C of rs11674595 (odds ratio
[OR] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-1.77, p = 0.002) and allele G of
rs2072472 (allele: OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.08-1.69, p = 0.008) were associated with an
increased EC risk. The rs11674595 and rs2072472 were found to be correlated with EC
risk under the codominant, dominant, and additive models. Stratification analysis found
that rs11674595 and rs2072472 were associated with increased EC risk in male and in
age > 55 years old subgroup. In addition, Crs11674595Grs4851527 haplotype was significantly
associated with 1.44-fold increased risk of EC (95% CI: 1.12-1.84, p = 0.004).

Conclusions :
Our results reveal the significant association between SNPs (rs11674595
and rs2072472) in the IL1R2 and EC risk in the Chinese Han population. The findings
may provide meaningful reference for the prevention and treatment of EC.
Isoflurane-induced miR-140-5p aggravates neurotoxicity in diabetic rats by targeting SNX12
Authors: Fan Dongyi , Yang Simin , Han Yuxiang , Zhang Ru , Yang Lukun 
Published: November 2019

Objectives:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are widely known as critical regulators in isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity during the development of brain. Isoflurane could aggravate cognitive impairment in diabetic rats. The present study was designed to explore the role and mechanism of miR-140-5p on isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in diabetic rats.

Methods:
Diabetic rats model was established by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and identified by Morris water maze test. Expression of miR-140-5p in diabetic rats under isoflurane treatment was evaluated via qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction). Latency to platform and time spent in the target quadrant were calculated to detect the effect of miR-140-5p on neurotoxicity. The potential target for miR-140-5p was validated via dual luciferase activity assay.

Results:
Morris water maze test indicated that isoflurane treatment exacerbated STZ-induced cognitive impairment, as demonstrated by increase of latency to platform and decrease of time spent in the target quadrant. MiR-140-5p was up-regulated in diabetic rats under isoflurane treatment. Moreover, knockdown of miR-140-5p attenuated neurotoxicity in diabetic rats. Mechanistically, we found that miR-140-5p could directly bind to SNX12 (sorting nexin 12). The neuroprotective effect of miR-140-5p against isoflurane-aggravated neurotoxicity in diabetic rats dependent on up-regulation of SNX12 and inhibition of cell apoptosis.

Conclusions:
Knockdown of miR-140-5p relieved isoflurane-aggravated neurotoxicity in diabetic rats through targeting SNX12, suggesting a novel target for neuroprotection in diabetes under isoflurane treatment.
Intravenous Tranexamic Acid for Brain Contusion with Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage: Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Mousavinejad Maryam , Mozafari Javad , Ilkhchi Reza Bahrami , Hanafi Mohammad Ghasem , Ebrahimi Pouya 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Controlling of secondary traumatic brain injuries (TBI) is necessary due to
its salient effect on the improvement of patients with TBI and the final outcomes within early hours
of trauma onset. This study aims to investigate the effect of intravenous tranexamic acid (TAX) administration
on decreased hemorrhage during surgery.

Methods:
This double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial was conducted on patients referring
to the emergency department (ED) with IPH due to brain contusion within 8 h of injury onset.
The patients were evaluated by receiving TXA and 0.9% normal saline as a placebo. The following
evaluation and estimations were performed: intracranial hemorrhage volume after surgery using brain
CT-scan; hemoglobin (Hb) volume before, immediately after, and six hours after surgery; and the severity
of TBI based on Glasgow Coma Score (GCS).

Results:
40 patients with 55.02 ± 18.64 years old diagnosed with a contusion and intraparenchymal
hemorrhage. Although the (Mean ± SD) hemorrhage during surgery in patients receiving TXA
(784.21 ± 304.162) was lower than the placebo group (805.26 ± 300.876), no significant difference
was observed between two groups (P=0.83). The (Mean ± SD) Hb volume reduction immediately
during surgery (0.07 ± 0.001 and 0.23 ± 0.02) and six hours after surgery (0.04 ± 0.008 and 0.12 ±
0.006) was also lower in TXA group but had no significant difference (P = 0.89 and P = 0.97, respectively).

Conclusion:
Using TXA may reduce the hemorrhage in patients with TBI, but this effect, as in this
study, was not statistically significant and it is suggested that a clinical trial with a larger population
is employed for further investigation.
Development of Patient Databases for Endocrinological Clinical and Pharmaceutical Trials: A Survey
Authors: Vezertzis Konstantinos , Lambrou George I. , Koutsouris Dimitrios 
Published: November 2019

Background:
According to European legislation, a clinical trial is a research involving patients,
which also includes a research end-product. The main objective of the clinical trial is to prove
that the research product, i.e. a proposed medication or treatment, is effective and safe for patients.
The implementation, development, and operation of a patient database, which will function as a matrix
of samples with the appropriate parameterization, may provide appropriate tools to generate
samples for clinical trials.

Aim:
The aim of the present work is to review the literature with respect to the up-to-date progress
on the development of databases for clinical trials and patient recruitment using free and open-source
software in the field of endocrinology.

Methods:
An electronic literature search was conducted by the authors from 1984 to June 2019.
Original articles and systematic reviews selected, and the titles and abstracts of papers screened to
determine whether they met the eligibility criteria, and full texts of the selected articles were retrieved.

Results:
The present review has indicated that the electronic health records are related with both the
patient recruitment and the decision support systems in the domain of endocrinology. The free and
open-source software provides integrated solutions concerning electronic health records, patient recruitment,
and the decision support systems.

Conclusions:
The patient recruitment relates closely to the electronic health record. There is maturity
at the academic and research level, which may lead to good practices for the deployment of the electronic
health record in selecting the right patients for clinical trials.
Sm Doped ZnO Nanowires@PAN Nanofibrous Membranes for Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye
Authors: Fan Jie , Cao Dong-Yuan , Pan Tian-Di , Xia Zhao-Peng , Liu Yong 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Wastewater involving a lot of contaminants like organic dyes from the textile
finishing industry causes a greater adverse impact on human beings. There are many patents on nanofibers
involved metallic oxides, this paper studies photocatalytic degradation of free-pollution Zinc Oxide
(ZnO) nanomaterials on dye decontamination.

Objective:
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous membranes loaded with Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanowires
were fabricated and evaluated for photocatalytic degradation.

Methods:
In this work, Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous membranes loaded with ZnO seeds were
prepared by electrospinning PAN/Zn (Ac)2 solution followed by a thermal decomposition process. ZnO
nanowires were hydrothermally grown on the surface of PAN nanofibers. The effects of the ratio of
PAN and zinc acetate in a solution, decomposition temperature and ammonia (NH4OH) on the morphologies
of ZnO nanowires were observed. ZnO nanowires showed the optimum morphologies when
the ratio of PAN/Zn (Ac)2 was 10:1.5. The decomposition temperature was 150oC, and NH4OH was
added in the hydrothermal reaction. The photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B solution under
UV irradiation was used as a model reaction. The photodegradation ability of the ZnO @PAN membrane
doped with cerium (Sm) was also investigated.

Results:
Slight Sm doping increased the photocatalytic degradation rate from 57% to 89% under ultraviolet
light irradiation for 2h. After 5 times of cycling under the same conditions, it still maintained the
dye decolorization rate that was above 65%.

Conclusion:
Sm doped ZnO nanowires @PAN nanofibrous membranes were easily produced and
could provide a novel process for the degradation of dye decontamination.
Active Suspension Control Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Lv Shaobin , Chen Guoqiang , Dai Jun 
Published: November 2019

Background:
The active suspension can be adjusted in real time according to the change of
road condition and vehicle state to enhance the performance of active suspension that has received
widespread attention. Suspension control strategies and actuators are the key issues of the active suspension,
and are the main research directions for active suspension patents.

Objective:
The numerical analysis method is proposed to study the performance characteristics of the
active suspension controlled by different controllers.

Methods:
The active suspension control model and control strategy based on particle swarm optimization
are established, and two active suspensions controlled by the sliding mode controller and the fuzzy
PID controller are proposed. Moreover, two active suspension systems are optimized by particle swarm
optimization.

Results:
The results of the analysis show that the performance of the active suspension is significantly
improved compared with the passive suspension when the vehicle runs on the same road. The ride comfort
of the active suspension controlled by the fuzzy PID controller has the best adaptive performance
when the vehicle runs on different grade roads or white noise roads. The active suspension controlled
by the fuzzy PID controller has the best ride comfort.

Conclusion:
A good control strategy can effectively improve the performance of the active suspension.
To improve the performance of the active suspension, it can be controlled by utilizing different control
strategies. The results lay a foundation for the active suspension experiments, the dynamic analysis and
the optimization design of suspension structure.
PERANCANGAN WEB E-SHOP PADA TOKO SANDY DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PHP DAN MySQL
Authors: Harahap Avrillaila Akbar 
Published: November 2019

<p>abstract: Sandy Shop is a store that is engaged in the sale of men's clothing. The business was established one year after the first child of the couple Mr. Ikhfan and Ms. Erniwati, precisely in 1999, and the name of the shop itself was taken from the name of their first child, Sandy Ervan Kurniawan. The sales system that occurs at Sandy Shop is that consumers come to the store to find and select items to buy. In doing marketing, only through conversation from person to person. Another problem is the sales process that is only centered in the city of Sawahlunto, making customers outside the city find it difficult to buy the product and to manage sales data Sandy Shop uses the conventional method of using a sales notebook. Based on interviews with Sandy Shop owners, the majority of clothing stores in the city of Sawahlunto have not used internet media as an alternative means of promotion. With the existence of the Web E-Shop at Sandy Shop, it is expected to provide convenience to the public to make purchases/orders for products without having to come to the store, and expand marketing and increase consumer confidence. The method used in the development of e-shop web systems is the SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) method and the software used to design and design the PHP programming language, MySQL database, Notepad ++, and XAMPP text editors. </p><p>Abstrak: Toko Sandy merupakan sebuah toko yang bergerak di bidang penjualan pakaian khusus pria. Usaha ini didirikan satu tahun setelah anak pertama dari pasangan Bapak Ikhfan dan Ibu Erniwati yaitu tepatnya pada tahun 1999, dan nama toko itu sendiri diambil dari nama anak pertama mereka yaitu Sandy Ervan Kurniawan. Sistem penjualan yang terjadi di Toko Sandy adalah konsumen datang ke toko untuk mencari dan memilih barang yang akan dibeli. Di dalam melakukan pemasaran, hanya melalui perbincangan dari orang ke orang. Masalah lainnya adalah proses penjualan yang hanya berpusat di Kota Sawahlunto membuat pelanggan yang berada di luar kota merasakan kesulitan apabila ingin membeli produk tersebut, dan untuk mengelola data penjualan Toko Sandy menggunakan cara konvensional yaitu menggunakan buku catatan penjualan. Berdasarkan wawancara dengan pemilik Toko Sandy, mayoritas toko pakaian yang ada di kota Sawahlunto belum menggunakan media internet sebagai sarana promosi alternatif. Dengan adanya Web E-Shop pada Toko Sandy diharapkan dapat memberikan kemudahan kepada masyarakat untuk melakukan pembelian/pemesanan produk tanpa harus datang ke toko, serta memperluas pemasaran dan meningkatkan kepercayaan konsumen. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengembangan sistem web e-shop adalah metode SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) dan software yang digunakan untuk merancang dan mendesain yaitu bahasa pemrograman PHP, database MySQL, text editor Notepad++, dan XAMPP.</p>
Pengetahuan, sikap, motivasi ibu, dan praktik pemberian MP-ASI pada anak usia 6-23 bulan: studi formatif di Aceh
Authors: Ahmad Aripin , Madanijah Siti , Dwiriani Cesilia Meti , Kolopaking Risatianti 
Published: November 2019

Maternal knowledge, attitude, motivation and complementary feeding practice of children aged 6-23 months: formative study in AcehBackground: Poor knowledge, attitude, and motivation of the mother determine complementary feeding (CF) practice of the child resulting in poor nutrition fulfillment. Objective: This study aimed to analyze maternal knowledge, attitude, motivation, and relationships with the CF practice of children aged 6-23 months.Method: A cross-sectional study and cluster random sampling was applied to select 392 mothers of children aged 6-23 months in Aceh Besar District. Data on maternal knowledge, attitude, and motivation were collected using valid and reliable structured questionnaire. CF practice quality was assessed using indicators of timely introduction to CF, minimum meal frequency, minimum dietary diversity, and minimum acceptable diet according to WHO recommendation. The association of maternal knowledge, attitude, and motivation with CF practice was analyzed using binary logistic regression with a 95% confidence level (α=0.05).Results: There was a small proportion of mothers (20.2%, 8.7%, 33.9%) having good knowledge, attitude, and motivation, respectively. Overall, there was one-fourth (23%) of the children aged 6-23 months receiving CF as recommended by WHO. There were significant correlations between maternal knowledge and attitude (r=0.606, p<0.01) and motivation (r=0.103, p<0.05). Education level and motivation were the risk factors of improper CF practice (OR=4.25; 95% CI: 1.10-16.36; p=0.035and OR=1.83; 95% CI: 1.05-3.16; p=0.031, respectively). Conclusion: Maternal knowledge, attitude, and motivation of children aged 6-23 months in Aceh were still poor, shown by improper CF practice. Therefore, an effort to improve nutrition education, particularly by health personnel and stakeholder, to be specific and targeted is important.
Les représentations des Autochtones dans les manuels scolaires et le respect de la Convention relative aux droits de l’enfant
Authors: St-Pierre Joannie 
Published: November 2019

Les manuels scolaires sont des artéfacts culturels illustrant des valeurs, des idéologies et des croyances. Afin d’en approfondir le contenu latent, une analyse critique du discours a été effectuée au sein de neuf manuels qui étaient recommandés pour introduire les notions relatives à la citoyenneté en cinquième et sixième année dans les écoles de langue française de l’Ontario. Les données ont été questionnées sous trois angles : la structure et les caractéristiques, la construction des personnages et les omissions. La recherche révèle que le discours portant sur les représentations des Autochtones ne respecte pas l’article 28 et l’article 29 de la Convention relative aux droits de l’enfant. Les suggestions qui découlent de cette recherche devraient affiner l’évaluation des futures publications afin que les représentations des communautés autochtones au sein du matériel scolaire soient plus justes.
Overview of Benefits of First Nations Language Immersion
Authors: Coates & Philip Leech-Ngo Tracy 
Published: November 2019

In the wake of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada report into the ‘cultural genocide’ perpetrated by the State of Canada against First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples, through the widespread use of Residential Schools, the federal government offered an apology and an apparent opportunity for reconciliation[i]. Part of this programme was new legislation that would govern the relationship between First Nations and the federal government over First Nations education. Entitled the First Nations Control of First Nations’ Education (FNCFNE), the proposed bill promised a new deal and an apparent chance to renew a tarnished relationship. Yet in spite of its name, the bill offered very little in terms of progress. Indeed if it had been implemented, in many cases, the bill would have done little to increase First Nations’ control over the education of First Nations’ children and likely would have made effective language education extremely difficult. Indeed, this article’s analysis of the bill shows that, at its core, the law represents little more than the reinforcing of existing settler-colonial power dynamics. In particular, while it would have shifted virtually the totality of administrative responsibility for on-reserve education to First Nations it would have reserved ultimate power – manifest through control over funding – to Ottawa. As a result the FNCFNE would have represented a profound step in undermining First Nations language rights and language education in Canada. [i] “Prime Minister Stephen Harper's statement of apology”, CBC News, 11 June 2008