bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replication of Associations With Psychotic-Like Experiences in Middle Childhood From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study
Authors: Karcher Nicole R , Loewy Rachel L , Savill Mark , Avenevoli Shelli , Huber Rebekah S , Simon Tony J , Leckliter Ingrid N , Sher Kenneth J , Barch Deanna M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The fields of psychology and psychiatry are increasingly recognizing the importance of replication efforts. The current study aimed to replicate previous findings examining the construct validity and psychometric properties of a psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) measure in middle childhood using an independent subset of the baseline Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) sample. Using a remainder baseline sample of 7013 nine- to eleven-year-old children with complete data, we examined measurement invariance across race/ethnicity and sex, and examined the associations between the Prodromal Questionnaire Brief-Child Version (PQ-BC) and other measures of PLEs, internalizing symptoms, neuropsychological test performance, and developmental milestones, to determine whether previously obtained results replicated in this nonoverlapping baseline sample subset. The results replicated measurement invariance across ethnicity and sex, and analyses again found higher PQ-BC scores for African American (β = .364, 95% CI = 0.292, 0.435) and Hispanic (β = .255, 95% CI = 0.185, 0.324) groups. We also replicated that higher PQ-BC scores were associated with psychosis risk measures, higher rates of child-reported internalizing symptoms (Distress: β = .378, 95% CI = 0.357,0.398), neuropsychological test performance deficits (eg, working memory; Distress: β = −.069, 95% CI = −0.096, −0.042), and motor (Distress: β = .026, 95% CI = 0.003, 0.049) and speech (Distress: β = .042, 95% CI = 0.018, 0.065) developmental milestone delays. The current results replicated many findings from the original study examining the PQ-BC. We replicated evidence for mean differences in race/ethnicity, and associations with other PLE measures, greater internalizing symptoms, cognitive impairments, and developmental milestone delays. These findings indicate robust and reliable associations between PLEs and hypothesized correlates can be found in middle childhood nonclinical samples.
Developments affecting New Hampshire foundations
Authors: Mayo Todd D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In 2018, New Hampshire’s legislature established a study committee charged with re-evaluating the state’s laws governing foundations, trusts, and trust companies. After a series of hearings, the committee generally affirmed the integrity of those laws but recommended a handful of legislative changes. Some of those changes will potentially affect licensed private trust companies, including those organized as foundations. Meanwhile, a set of proposed technical corrections to the Foundation Act remain abeyant.
Pediatric Sepsis Definition—A Systematic Review Protocol by the Pediatric Sepsis Definition Taskforce
Authors: Menon Kusum , Schlapbach Luregn J. , Akech Samuel , Argent Andrew , Chiotos Kathleen , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Hamid Jemila , Ishimine Paul , Kissoon Niranjan , Lodha Rakesh , Oliveira Cláudio Flauzino , Peters Mark , Tissieres Pierre , Watson R. Scott , Wiens Matthew O. , Wynn James L. , Sorce Lauren R. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
Sepsis is responsible for a substantial proportion of global childhood morbidity and mortality. However, evidence demonstrates major inaccuracies in the use of the term “sepsis” in clinical practice, coding, and research. Current and previous definitions of sepsis have been developed using expert consensus but the specific criteria used to identify children with sepsis have not been rigorously evaluated. Therefore, as part of the Society of Critical Care Medicine’s Pediatric Sepsis Definition Taskforce, we will conduct a systematic review to synthesize evidence on individual factors, clinical criteria, or illness severity scores that may be used to identify children with infection who have or are at high risk of developing sepsis-associated organ dysfunction and separately those factors, criteria, and scores that may be used to identify children with sepsis who are at high risk of progressing to multiple organ dysfunction or death.

Data Sources:
We will identify eligible studies by searching the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.

Study Selection:
We will include all randomized trials and cohort studies published between January 1, 2004, and March 16, 2020.

Data Extraction:
Data extraction will include information related to study characteristics, population characteristics, clinical criteria, and outcomes.

Data Synthesis:
We will calculate sensitivity and specificity of each criterion for predicting sepsis and conduct a meta-analysis if the data allow. We will also provide pooled estimates of overall hospital mortality.

Conclusions:
The potential risk factors, clinical criteria, and illness severity scores from this review which identify patients with infection who are at high risk of developing sepsis-associated organ dysfunction and/or progressing to multiple organ dysfunction or death will be used to inform the next steps of the Pediatric Sepsis Definition Taskforce.
Effect of a Recombinant Human Soluble Thrombomodulin on Baseline Coagulation Biomarker Levels and Mortality Outcome in Patients With Sepsis-Associated Coagulopathy
Authors: Levi Marcel , Vincent Jean-Louis , Tanaka Kosuke , Radford Amanda H. , Kayanoki Toshihiko , Fineberg David A. , Hoppensteadt Debra , Fareed Jawed 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
To assess the effects of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin treatment on 28-day all-cause mortality in subgroups categorized by baseline coagulation biomarker levels (prothrombin fragment 1.2, thrombin-antithrombin complex, d-dimer) in patients with sepsis-associated coagulopathy in the Sepsis Coagulopathy Asahi Recombinant LE Thrombomodulin trial (SCARLET) (NCT01598831).

Design:
Post hoc, subgroup analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational, multicenter phase 3 study.

Setting:
ICUs at 159 sites in 26 countries.

Patients:
Eight-hundred adults with sepsis-associated coagulopathy defined as international normalized ratio greater than 1.40 and platelet count between 30 × 109/L and 150 × 109/L or greater than 30% decrease within 24 hours with concomitant cardiovascular and/or respiratory failure.

Interventions:
Patients randomized and treated with recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (0.06 mg/kg/d; n = 395) or equivalent placebo (n = 405) for 6 days.

Measurements and Main Results:
Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin did not significantly reduce 28-day all-cause mortality in the Sepsis Coagulopathy Asahi Recombinant LE Thrombomodulin trial: absolute risk reduction was 2.55% (p = 0.32) in patients with sepsis-associated coagulopathy. In this post hoc analysis, mortality steadily increased with increasing baseline prothrombin fragment 1.2 and thrombin-antithrombin complex levels in the placebo group; for those values exceeding the upper limit of normal, the mortality increases in the recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin group were lower or negligible with increasing baseline prothrombin fragment 1.2 and thrombin-antithrombin complex. Consequently, absolute risk reductions were greater in subgroups with higher baseline prothrombin fragment 1.2 or thrombin-antithrombin complex. Absolute risk reductions were also greater in subgroups with baseline coagulation biomarker levels at or above median of the entire study population, ranging from 4.2% (95% CI, –5.0% to 13.4%) to 5.5% (95% CI, –4.0% to 14.9%).

Conclusions:
Compared with patients receiving placebo, patients treated with recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin having higher baseline thrombin generation biomarker levels had lower mortality. Further research regarding the predictive role of coagulation biomarkers for recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin treatment response in sepsis-associated coagulopathy is warranted to evaluate clinical relevance.
INDUCTION OF POSTERIOR VITREOUS DETACHMENT IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS BY RADIAL PERIFOVEAL STRIPPING
Authors: Patel Nimesh A. , Berrocal Audina M. 
Published: June 2020

Background/Purpose:
In certain cases, there may be firm adherence of the cortical vitreous to the retinal surface during pars plana vitrectomy. This report aims to present an alternative method of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) induction at the macula with the use of a flexible loop.

Methods:
A 5-year-old girl underwent 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy for optic pit maculopathy. Triamcinolone is used for staining. Posterior vitreous detachment was induced in the perifoveal area with 360° radial peeling. The vitrector was then used to lift and complete the PVD.

Results:
Posterior vitreous detachment was able to be induced with minimal trauma to the retinal surface. There were no postoperative complications from the procedure.

Conclusion:
Posterior vitreous detachment induction at the macula using a flexible loop and radial stripping is a safe and reliable alternative to conventional techniques.
Lack of sufficient public space can limit the effectiveness of COVID-19’s social distancing measures
Authors: Nobajas Alexandre , Ganau i Casas Joan , Paül i Agustí Daniel , Peacock Adam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOne of the primary strategies of slowing down the COVID-19 pandemic has been the establishment of social distancing rules that recommend keeping a buffer distance between individuals, and this has proven effective in helping in reducing the basic reproduction number [R 0]1. However, social distancing rules have put the use of public spaces in densely populated places under strain, and this is especially important as some of the most virulent outbreaks of the COVID-19 pandemic have been in compact cities. It is therefore fundamental to take into account each neighbourhood’s morphological characteristics and the potential population densities each street, square or park can accommodate under such new regulations in order to effectively enforce social distancing rules. Otherwise, certain areas may be rapidly overwhelmed by crowds with citizens unable to maintain the minimum safe distance between individuals. In this paper, we develop a method to identify the potential public space accessibility if social distancing rules are followed and we apply it to three global and highly affected by COVID-19 cities. Our research finds that, at micro level there are important inequalities between neighbourhoods, so people will struggle to comply with social distancing rules and consequently it will make controlling infection rates more difficult.
MDM2 Inhibition in Combination with Endocrine Therapy and CDK4/6 Inhibition for the Treatment of ER-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Portman Neil , Milioli Heloisa H. , Alexandrou Sarah , Coulson Rhiannon , Yong Aliza , Fernandez Kristine J. , Chia Kee Ming , Segara Davendra , Parker Andrew , Haupt Sue , Haupt Ygal , Tilley Wayne D. , Swarbrick Alex , Caldon C. Elizabeth , Lim Elgene 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundResistance to endocrine therapy is a major clinical challenge in the management of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. In this setting p53 is frequently wildtype and its activity may be suppressed via upregulation of its key regulator MDM2. This underlies our rationale to evaluate MDM2 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in treatment resistant ER-positive breast cancer.MethodsWe used the MDM2 inhibitor NVP-CGM097 to treatin vitroandin vivomodels alone and in combination with fulvestrant or palbociclib. We perform cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis and senescence assays to evaluate antitumor effects in p53 wildtype and p53 mutant ER positive cell lines (MCF-7, ZR75-1, T-47D) and MCF-7 lines resistant to endocrine therapy and to CDK4/6 inhibition. We further assess the drug effects in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of endocrine-sensitive and -resistant ER positive breast cancer.ResultsWe demonstrate that MDM2 inhibition results in cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis in p53-wildtypein vitroandin vivobreast cancer models, leading to potent anti-tumour activity. We find that endocrine therapy or CDK4/6 inhibition synergises with MDM2 inhibition but does not further enhance apoptosis. Instead, combination treatments result in profound regulation of cell cycle-related transcriptional programmes, with synergy achieved through increased antagonism of cell cycle progression. Combination therapy pushes cell lines resistant to fulvestrant or palbociclib to become senescent and significantly reduces tumour growth in a fulvestrant resistant patient derived xenograft model.ConclusionsWe conclude that MDM2 inhibitors in combination with ER degraders or CDK4/6 inhibitors represent a rational strategy for treating advanced, endocrine resistant ER-positive breast cancer, operating through synergistic activation of cell cycle co-regulatory programs.
Extracellular DNA traps in a ctenophore demonstrate conserved immune cell behaviors in a non-bilaterian
Authors: Vandepas Lauren E. , Stefani Caroline , Domeier Phillip P. , Traylor-Knowles Nikki , Goetz Frederick W. , Browne William E. , Lacy-Hulbert Adam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe formation of extracellular DNA traps (ETosis) is a first response mechanism by specific immune cells following exposure to microbes1,2. Initially characterized in vertebrate neutrophils, cells capable of ETosis have been discovered recently in diverse non-vertebrate taxa3 4-6. To assess the conservation of ETosis between evolutionarily distant non-vertebrate phyla, we observed and quantified ETosis using the model ctenophoreMnemiopsis leidyiand the oysterCrassostrea gigas. Here we report that ctenophores – thought to have diverged very early from the metazoan stem lineage7-10– possess immune cell types capable of phagocytosis and ETosis. We demonstrate that bothMnemiopsisandCrassostreaimmune cells undergo ETosis after exposure to diverse microbes and chemical agents that stimulate ion flux. Our results support ETosis as an evolutionarily ancient metazoan defense against pathogens.
Dmp1Cre-directed knockdown of PTHrP in murine decidua is associated with increased bone width and a life-long increase in strength specific to male progeny
Authors: Ansari Niloufar , Isojima Tsuyoshi , Crimeen-Irwin Blessing , Poulton Ingrid J , McGregor Narelle E. , Ho Patricia W. M. , Kovacs Christopher S , Dimitriadis Evdokia , Gooi Jonathan H , Martin T. John , Sims Natalie A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractParathyroid hormone related-protein (PTHrP) is a pleiotropic regulator of tissue homeostasis. In bone, knockdown in osteocytes byDmp1Cre-targeted deletion causes osteopenia and impaired strength. We report that this outcome depends on parental genotype. AdultDmp1Cre.Pthlhf/fmice from homozygous parents (Dmp1Cre.Pthlhf/f(hom)) have stronger bones, with 40% more trabecular bone mass and 30% greater femoral width than controls. At 12 days old, greater bone width was also found in male and femaleDmp1Cre.Pthlhf/f(hom)mice, but not in gene-matched mice from heterozygous parents, suggesting a maternal influence before weaning. Milk PTHrP levels were normal, but decidua from mothers ofDmp1Cre.Pthlhf/f(hom)mice were smaller, with low PTHrP levels. Moreover,Dmp1Cre.Pthlhf/f(hom)embryonic bone was more mineralized and wider than control. We conclude thatDmp1Creleads to gene recombination in decidua, and that decidual PTHrP influences decidual cell maturation and limits embryonic bone growth. This identifies a maternal-derived developmental origin of adult bone strength.
Whole Genome Sequencing of 5 Tibetan Sheep Breeds Identifies Selective Signatures to Adaptability at Different High-Altitude Areas in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Lei-Lei , Ma Shi-Ke , Peng Wei , Fang You-Gui , Fu Hong-Yun , Jia Gong-Xue 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTTibetan sheep is one of primitive Chinese sheep breeds, which achieved the divergence about 2500 years ago in Qinghai plateau region. According to different geographic conditions, especially altitudes, Tibetan sheep evolved into different breeds. In this study, we performed pooled whole genome resequencing of 125 individuals from 5 representative Tibetan sheep breeds. Comparative genomic analysis showed that they can be divided into different clades with a close genetic relationship. However, some genes with common selective regions were enriched for hypoxic adaptability in different breeds living at higher altitude, includingGHR, BMP15andCPLANE1. Furthermore, breed-specific selective regions about physical characteristics, especially wool growth, were found in genes such asBSND, USP24, NCAPGandLCORL. This study could contribute to our understanding about trait formation and offer a reference for breeding of Tibetan sheep.
An SNP variant MT1-MMP with a defect in its collagenolytic activity confers the fibrotic phenotype of Dupuytren’s Disease
Authors: Itoh Yoshifumi , Ng Michael , Wiberg Akira , Inoue Katsuaki , Hirata Narumi , Paiva Katiucia Batista Silva , Ito Noriko , Dzobo Kim , Sato Nanami , Gifford Valentina , Fujita Yasuyuki , Inada Masaki , Furniss Dominic 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDupuytren’s Disease (DD) is a common fibroproliferative disease of the palmar fascia. We previously identified a strong association with a non-synonymous variant (rs1042704, pD273N) inMMP14(encoding MT1-MMP). We investigated the functional consequences of this variant, and demonstrated that the variant MT1-MMP (MT1-N273) exhibits only 17% of cell surface collagenolytic activity compared to the ancestral enzyme (MT1-D273). Cells expressing both MT1-D273and MT1-N273in a 1:1 ratio, mimicking the heterozygous state, possess 38% of the collagenolytic activity compared to the cells expressing MT1-D273, suggesting that MT1-N273acts in a dominant negative manner. Consistent with this hypothesis, patient-derived DD myofibroblasts expressing MT1-N273demonstrated around 30% of full collagenolytic activity regardless of the heterozygous or homozygous state. 3D-molecular envelope modelling using small angle X-ray scattering demonstrated altered positioning of the catalytic domain within dimeric molecules. Taken together, our data suggest that rs1042704 directly contributes to the fibrotic phenotype of DD.
Chitosan induces plant hormones and defences in tomato root exudates
Authors: Suarez-Fernandez Marta , Marhuenda-Egea Frutos Carlos , Lopez-Moya Federico , Arnao Marino B. , Cabrera-Escribano Francisca , Nueda Maria Jose , Gunsé Benet , Lopez-Llorca Luis Vicente 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTIn this work, we use electrophysiological and metabolomic tools to determine the role of chitosan as plant defence elicitor in soil for preventing or manage root pests and diseases sustainably. Root exudates include a wide variety of molecules that plants and root microbiota use to communicate in the rhizosphere. Tomato plants were treated with chitosan. Root exudates from plants were analysed at 3, 10, 20 and 30 days after planting (dap). We found, using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Excitation Emission Matrix (EEM) fluorescence, that chitosan induces plant hormones, lipid signalling and defence compounds in tomato root exudates, including phenolics. High doses of chitosan induce membrane depolarization and affect membrane integrity.1H-NMR showed the dynamic of exudation, detecting the largest number of signals in 20 dap root exudates. Root exudates from plants irrigated with chitosan inhibit ca. 2-fold growth kinetics of the tomato root parasitic fungusFusarium oxysporumf. sp. radicis-lycopersici. and reduced ca. 1.5-fold egg hatching of the root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne javanica.One-sentence summaryChitosan depolarizes plasma membrane of root cells, causing the secretion of hormones, lipid signalling and plant defence compounds, including phenolics. These root exudates inhibit soil-borne pathogens.
GSTU7 affects growth performance and acts as an antagonist of oxidative stress induced by methyl viologen
Authors: Ugalde José Manuel , Lamig Liliana , Herrera-Vásquez Ariel , Fuchs Philippe , Müller-Schüssele Stefanie J. , Meyer Andreas J. , Holuigue Loreto 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTPlant glutathioneS-transferases (GSTs) are glutathione-dependent enzymes with versatile functions, mainly related to detoxification of electrophilic xenobiotics and peroxides. The Arabidopsis genome codes for 53 GSTs, divided into seven subclasses, however understanding of their precise functions is limited. A recent study showed that class II TGA transcription factors TGA2, TGA5 and TGA6 are essential for tolerance of UV-B-induced oxidative stress and that this tolerance is associated with an antioxidative function of cytosolic tau-class GSTUs. Specifically, TGA2 controls the expression of several GSTUs under UV-B light and constitutive expression of GSTU7 in thetga256triple mutant is sufficient to revert the UV-B-susceptible phenotype oftga256. To further study the function of GSTU7, we characterized its role in mitigation of oxidative damage caused by the herbicide methyl viologen (MV). Under non-stress conditions,gstu7null mutants were smaller than wild-type (WT) plants and delayed in the onset of the MV-induced antioxidative response, which led to accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and diminished seedling survival. Complementation ofgstu7by constitutively expressedGSTU7rescued these phenotypes. Furthermore, live monitoring of the glutathione redox potential in intact cells with the fluorescent probe Grx1-roGFP2 revealed thatGSTU7overexpression completely abolished the MV-induced oxidation of the cytosolic glutathione buffer compared to WT plants. GSTU7 was found to act as a glutathione peroxidase able to complement the lack of peroxidase-type GSTs in yeast. Together, these findings show that GSTU7 is crucial in the antioxidative response by limiting oxidative damage and thus protecting cells from oxidative stress.
Humans induce differential access to prey for large African carnivores
Authors: Mills Kirby L. , Harris Nyeema C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWildlife adaptively respond to human presence by adjusting their temporal niche, possibly modifying encounter rates among species and trophic dynamics that structure communities. Here we show that these human-induced modifications to behaviours are prolific among species and alter apex predators’ access to prey resources. We assessed human-induced changes to wildlife diel activity and consequential changes in predator-prey overlap using 11,954 detections of three apex predators and 13 ungulates across 21,430 trap-nights in West Africa. Over two-thirds of species altered their diel use in response to human presence, and ungulate nocturnal activity increased by 6.8%. Rather than traditional pairwise predator-prey comparisons, we considered spatiotemporally explicit predator access to a suite of prey resources to evaluate community-level trophic responses to human presence. Although leopard prey access was not affected, lion and hyena access to 3 prey species significantly increased when prey increased their nocturnal temporal niche to avoid humans. Ultimately, humans considerably altered the composition of available prey, with implications for prey selection, demonstrating how humans perturb ecological processes via behavioural modifications.