bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic data is more predictive of component size than digital radiographic templating in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Wallace Stephen J. , Murphy Michael P. , Schiffman Corey J. , Hopkinson William J. , Brown Nicholas M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative radiographic templating for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been shown to be inaccurate. Patient demographic data, such as gender, height, weight, age, and race, may be more predictive of implanted component size in TKA.Materials and methodsA multivariate linear regression model was designed to predict implanted femoral and tibial component size using demographic data along a consecutive series of 201 patients undergoing index TKA. Traditional, two-dimensional, radiographic templating was compared to demographic-based regression predictions on a prospective 181 consecutive patients undergoing index TKA in their ability to accurately predict intraoperative implanted sizes. Surgeons were blinded of any predictions.ResultsPatient gender, height, weight, age, and ethnicity/race were predictive of implanted TKA component size. The regression model more accurately predicted implanted component size compared to radiographically templated sizes for both the femoral (P = 0.04) and tibial (P < 0.01) components. The regression model exactly predicted femoral and tibial component sizes in 43.7 and 43.7% of cases, was within one size 90.1 and 95.6% of the time, and was within two sizes in every case. Radiographic templating exactly predicted 35.4 and 36.5% of cases, was within one size 86.2 and 85.1% of the time, and varied up to four sizes for both the femoral and tibial components. The regression model averaged within 0.66 and 0.61 sizes, versus 0.81 and 0.81 sizes for radiographic templating for femoral and tibial components.ConclusionsA demographic-based regression model was created based on patient-specific demographic data to predict femoral and tibial TKA component sizes. In a prospective patient series, the regression model more accurately and precisely predicted implanted component sizes compared to radiographic templating.Level of evidenceProspective cohort, level II.
Lynch Syndrome–Associated Variants and Cancer Rates in an Ancestrally Diverse Biobank
Authors: Rosenblum Rachel E. , Ang Celina , Suckiel Sabrina A. , Soper Emily R. , Sigireddi Meenakshi R. , Cullina Sinead , Belbin Gillian M. , Lucas Aimee L. , Kenny Eimear E. , Abul-Husn Noura S. 
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE Limited data are available on the prevalence and clinical impact of Lynch syndrome (LS)–associated genomic variants in non-European ancestry populations. We identified and characterized individuals harboring LS-associated variants in the ancestrally diverse Bio Me Biobank in New York City. PATIENTS AND METHODS Exome sequence data from 30,223 adult Bio Me participants were evaluated for pathogenic, likely pathogenic, and predicted loss-of-function variants in MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2. Survey and electronic health record data from variant-positive individuals were reviewed for personal and family cancer histories. RESULTS We identified 70 individuals (0.2%) harboring LS-associated variants in MLH1 (n = 12; 17%), MSH2 (n = 13; 19%), MSH6 (n = 16; 23%), and PMS2 (n = 29; 41%). The overall prevalence was 1 in 432, with higher prevalence among individuals of self-reported African ancestry (1 in 299) than among Hispanic/Latinx (1 in 654) or European (1 in 518) ancestries. Thirteen variant-positive individuals (19%) had a personal history, and 19 (27%) had a family history of an LS-related cancer. LS-related cancer rates were highest in individuals with MSH6 variants (31%) and lowest in those with PMS2 variants (7%). LS-associated variants were associated with increased risk of colorectal (odds ratio [OR], 5.0; P = .02) and endometrial (OR, 30.1; P = 8.5 × 10−9) cancers in Bio Me. Only 2 variant-positive individuals (3%) had a documented diagnosis of LS. CONCLUSION We found a higher prevalence of LS-associated variants among individuals of African ancestry in New York City. Although cancer risk is significantly increased among variant-positive individuals, the majority do not harbor a clinical diagnosis of LS, suggesting underrecognition of this disease.
Psychiatric, behavioral and emotional disorders in Polish children and adolescents with perinatal HIV infection
Authors: Zielińska-Wieniawska Anna , Bielecki Maksymilian , Wolańczyk Tomasz , Coupland Urszula , Marczyńska Magdalena , Srebnicki Tomasz , Bryńska Anita 
Published: November 2020

Cel pracyOcena częstości występowania zaburzeń psychicznych, behawioralnych, emocjonalnych oraz ustalenie związków ze zmiennymi klinicznymi i socjodemograficznymi u dzieci i młodzieży z wertykalnym zakażeniem HIV.MetodaW badaniu udział wzięło 56 dzieci z wrodzonym zakażeniem HIV (grupa PHIV+), 24 zdrowych dzieci urodzonych przez matki zakażone HIV (grupa PHEU) oraz 43 zdrowych dzieci zdrowych rodziców (grupa HIV-nA), w wieku 6-18 lat. Do oceny zaburzeń behawioralnych i emocjonalnych zastosowano Kwestionariusz dla Rodziców CBCL/4-18 oraz Kwestionariusz Samooceny YSR, do oceny objawów zaburzeń psychicznych półustrukturyzowany wywiad diagnostyczny K-SADS-PL.WynikiWykazano wyższą częstość występowania zaburzeń psychicznych w ciągu życia w grupie PHIV+ oraz grupie PHEU w porównaniu z grupą HIV-nA. Najczęściej diagnozowano zaburzenia lękowe oraz zaburzenia nastroju. Występowanie objawów zaburzeń emocjonalnych i behawioralnych w grupie PHIV+ oraz w grupie PHEU było związane z podobnymi zmiennymi socjodemograficznymi (m.in. płeć męska, niezamieszkiwanie z opiekunem biologicznym, doświadczenie stresującego wydarzenia w życiu). Zaburzenia psychiczne występowały częściej u osób, u których leczenie antyretrowirusowe (ARV) rozpoczęto dopiero po 12 m.ż. Stwierdzono dodatnią korelację pomiędzy wynikiem dla części skal YSR i CBCL/4-18, a liczbą limfocytów CD4 w momencie przeprowadzania badania oraz wyższym logarytmem wiremii na początku leczenia ARV i w momencie ustalenia rozpoznania zakażenia HIV.WnioskiW grupie dzieci PHIV+ oraz PHEU, stwierdzono wyższą częstość występowania zaburzeń psychicznych. Cięższy przebieg zakażenia HIV i jego nasilenie przed rozpoczęciem leczenia wiąże się z większym nasileniem problemów internalizacyjnych.
From Data to Decisions: Distributionally Robust Optimization Is Optimal
Authors: Van Parys Bart P. G. , Esfahani Peyman Mohajerin , Kuhn Daniel 
Published: November 2020

We study stochastic programs where the decision maker cannot observe the distribution of the exogenous uncertainties but has access to a finite set of independent samples from this distribution. In this setting, the goal is to find a procedure that transforms the data to an estimate of the expected cost function under the unknown data-generating distribution, that is, a predictor, and an optimizer of the estimated cost function that serves as a near-optimal candidate decision, that is, a prescriptor. As functions of the data, predictors and prescriptors constitute statistical estimators. We propose a meta-optimization problem to find the least conservative predictors and prescriptors subject to constraints on their out-of-sample disappointment. The out-of-sample disappointment quantifies the probability that the actual expected cost of the candidate decision under the unknown true distribution exceeds its predicted cost. Leveraging tools from large deviations theory, we prove that this meta-optimization problem admits a unique solution: The best predictor-prescriptor-pair is obtained by solving a distributionally robust optimization problem over all distributions within a given relative entropy distance from the empirical distribution of the data. This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, optimization.
A Portable Biosensing Device with Magnetic Separation and Quantum Dot Bead Labeling for Simple, Rapid, and Quantitative Detection of Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Xi Xinge , Wang Ronghui , Yao Ping , Yao Lan , Tung Steve , Li Yanbin 
Published: November 2020

HighlightsA portable biosensing device was designed, fabricated, and evaluated for Salmonella detection.A mixing, separation, and detection chamber (MSDC) was developed and used for Salmonella detection.The disposable MSDC prevented cross-contamination and reduced costs.The device was mostly automated for Salmonella detection and feasible for in-field applications.Abstract. Foodborne pathogenic bacteria have caused numerous illnesses and economic losses in the U.S. and the world. It is highly important for food industries to conduct in-field screening for pathogenic bacteria to ensure food safety. The objective of this study was to convert our previously developed optical biosensing method into a portable biosensing device to achieve simple, rapid, and quantitative detection of Salmonella Typhimurium. The device consisted of a control module, a magnetic separation module, and a fluorescence detection module. The bacteria sample, immuno-magnetic nanoparticles, and immuno-quantum dot beads were added into a mixing, separation, and detection chamber and were fully mixed in the control module. The sample was then moved to the magnetic separation module to automatically separate and concentrate the target bacteria. Finally, the fluorescence intensity was measured with the fluorescence detection module to determine the concentration of the target bacteria. The device was able to perform separation and detection of Salmonella with minimal manual operation with a detection limit of 5.4 × 102 CFU mL-1 in 1 h. The device also showed good specificity against four selected non-target bacteria. Keywords: Biosensing device, Fluorescence biosensor, Foodborne bacteria detection, Magnetic separation.
Technical Note: Model Physics and Collection Efficiency in Estimates of Pesticide Spray Drift Model Performance
Authors: Thistle Harold W. , Teske Milton E. , Richardson Brian , Strand Tara M. 
Published: November 2020

HighlightsRecent large field programs are re-examined in the context of model development.Details of plant canopy wind fields are discussed.Collection efficiency of rotorods is discussed in detail, and the theory is used to re-examine field data.The approach used in the AGDISP model to simulate canopy wind fields is discussed in detail.Abstract. Recent field studies provided data to evaluate the performance of the aerial spray deposition algorithm in AGDISP. Those studies provided data for forest canopy settings that are either outside the stated domain of AGDISP or where assumptions in the model greatly impact the model performance. The two data sets were collected with the intention of providing input to drive model upgrades, but data limitations restricted that objective. Rather, this technical note shows that collection efficiency (CE) must always be considered (the model currently adjusts for CE only if the modeled output is canopy capture). One of the previous studies showed that the model substantially overpredicted droplet flux 65 m downwind of the spray line. Consideration of CE resolves some of this overprediction, but the model physics employed in AGDISP remain a substantial simplification of the complex flows that transport droplets in the atmospheric boundary layer near and in deep, three-dimensionally varying forest canopies. Keywords: Aerial application, AGDISP, Model, Spray drift.
Social Enterprise Model (SEM) for private sector tuberculosis screening and care in Bangladesh
Authors: Banu Sayera , Haque Farhana , Ahmed Shahriar , Sultana Sonia , Rahman Md. Mahfuzur , Khatun Razia , Paul Kishor Kumar , Kabir Senjuti , Rahman S. M. Mazidur , Banu Rupali Sisir , Islam Md. Shamiul , Ross Allen G. , Clemens John D. , Stevens Robert , Creswell Jacob 
Published: November 2020

Background
In Bangladesh, about 80% of healthcare is provided by the private sector. Although free diagnosis and care is offered in the public sector, only half of the estimated number of people with tuberculosis are diagnosed, treated, and notified to the national program. Private sector engagement strategies often have been small scale and time limited. We evaluated a Social Enterprise Model combining external funding and income generation at three tuberculosis screening centres across the Dhaka Metropolitan Area for diagnosing and treating tuberculosis.

Methods and findings
The model established three tuberculosis screening centres across Dhaka Metropolitan Area that carried the icddr,b brand and offered free Xpert MTB/RIF tests to patients visiting the screening centres for subsidized, digital chest radiographs from April 2014 to December 2017. A network of private and public health care providers, and community recommendation was formed for patient referral. No financial incentives were offered to physicians for referrals. Revenues from radiography were used to support screening centres’ operation. Tuberculosis patients could choose to receive treatment from the private or public sector. Between 2014 and 2017, 1,032 private facilities networked with 8,466 private providers were mapped within the Dhaka Metropolitan Area. 64, 031 patients with TB symptoms were referred by the private providers, public sector and community residents to the three screening centres with 80% coming from private providers. 4,270 private providers made at least one referral. Overall, 10,288 pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases were detected and 7,695 were bacteriologically positive by Xpert, corresponding to 28% of the total notifications in Dhaka Metropolitan Area.

Conclusion
The model established a network of private providers who referred individuals with presumptive tuberculosis without financial incentives to icddr,b’s screening centres, facilitating a quarter of total tuberculosis notifications in Dhaka Metropolitan Area. Scaling up this approach may enhance national and international tuberculosis response.
Community partners’ responses to items assessing stakeholder engagement: Cognitive response testing in measure development
Authors: Thompson Vetta L. Sanders , Leahy Nora , Ackermann Nicole , Bowen Deborah J. , Goodman Melody S. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Despite recognition of the importance of stakeholder input into research, there is a lack of validated measures to assess how well constituencies are engaged and their input integrated into research design. Measurement theory suggests that a community engagement measure should use clear and simple language and capture important components of underlying constructs, resulting in a valid measure that is accessible to a broad audience.

Objective
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate how community members understood and responded to a measure of community engagement developed to be reliable, valid, easily administered, and broadly usable.

Method
Cognitive response interviews were completed, during which participants described their reactions to items and how they processed them. Participants were asked to interpret item meaning, paraphrase items, and identify difficult or problematic terms and phrases, as well as provide any concerns with response options while responding to 16 of 32 survey items.

Results
The results of the cognitive response interviews of participants (N = 16) suggest concerns about plain language and literacy, clarity of question focus, and the lack of context clues to facilitate processing in response to items querying research experience. Minimal concerns were related to response options. Participants suggested changes in words and terms, as well as item structure.

Conclusion
Qualitative research can improve the validity and accessibility of measures that assess stakeholder experience of community-engaged research. The findings suggest wording and sentence structure changes that improve ability to assess implementation of community engagement and its impact on research outcomes.
Improving young children’s handwashing behaviour and understanding of germs: The impact of A Germ’s Journey educational resources in schools and public spaces
Authors: Younie Sarah , Mitchell Chloe , Bisson Marie-Josee , Crosby Sapphire , Kukona Anuenue , Laird Katie 
Published: November 2020

ContextEffective handwashing can prevent the spread of germs, including Covid-19. However, young children can lack a fundamental understanding of germ transfer. A Germ’s Journey educational resources were designed to support young children in learning about germs and handwashing. These resources include a book, website, song, online games and glo-gel activities that are informed by a behaviour change model.Research gapPrior research has not evaluated the impacts of these resources on behavioural outcomes.Purpose of the studyTwo intervention studies evaluated the impacts of these resources on both knowledge and behavioural outcomes.MethodIn Study 1, children (n = 225) were recruited from four schools and randomly assigned by classrooms to participate in a multicomponent intervention (vs. control). In Study 2, children (n = 104) were recruited from a museum and randomly assigned to participate in a song intervention (vs. control). Trained observers recorded participants’ engagement in six handwashing behaviours and their understanding of germs. These behavioural and knowledge outcomes were analysed using regression and related analyses.ResultsIn Study 1, significant improvements were observed between baseline and follow up in the intervention group for both behavioural scores (Est= 0.48,SE= 0.14,t= 3.30,p= 0.001) and knowledge scores (Est= 2.14,SE= 0.52,z= 4.11,p< 0.001), whereas these improvements were not observed in the control group (ts < 1). In Study 2, the intervention group had significantly higher behavioural scores compared to the control group (Est. = -0.71,SE= 0.34,t= -2.07,p= 0.04).ConclusionThis research demonstrates that specifically designed hand hygiene educational resources can improve handwashing practice and understanding in young children, and could lead to the reduction of the transmission of disease within this group.
Continuous ultrafiltration during extracorporeal circulation and its effect on lactatemia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: García-Camacho Carlos , Marín-Paz Antonio-Jesús , Lagares-Franco Carolina , Abellán-Hervás María-José , Sáinz-Otero Ana-María 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionHyperlactatemia occurs during or after extracorporeal circulation in the form of lactic acidosis, increasing the risk of postoperative complications and the mortality rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether continuous high-volume hemofiltration with volume replacement through a polyethersulfone filter during the extracorporeal circulation procedure decreases postoperative lactatemia and its consequences.Materials and methodsThis was a randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 32: with or without continuous high-volume hemofiltration through a polyethersulfone membrane. Five patients were excluded from each group during the study period. The sociodemographic characteristics, filter effects, and blood lactate levels at different times during the procedure were evaluated. Secondary endpoints were studied, such as the reduction in the intubation time and time spent in ICU.ResultsLactatemia measurements performed during the preoperative and intraoperative phases were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the blood lactate levels in the postoperative period and at 24 hours in the intensive care unit showed a significant reduction and a possible clinical benefit in the hemofiltered group. Following extracorporeal circulation, the mean lactate level was higher (difference: 0.77 mmol/L; CI 0.95: 0.01–1.53) in the nonhemofiltered group than in the hemofiltered group (p<0.05). This effect was greater at 24 hours (p = 0.019) in the nonhemofiltered group (difference: 1.06 mmol/L; CI 0.95: 0.18–1.93) than in the hemofiltered group. The reduction of lactatemia is associated with a reduction of inflammatory mediators and intubation time, with an improvement in liver function.ConclusionsThe use and control of continuous high-volume hemofiltration through a polyethersulfone membrane during heart-lung surgery could potencially prevent postoperative complications. The reduction of lactatemia implied a reduction in intubation time, a decrease in morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit and a shorter hospital stay.
Spatial pattern of perinatal mortality and its determinants in Ethiopia: Data from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016
Authors: Yadeta Tesfaye Assebe , Mengistu Bizatu , Gobena Tesfaye , Regassa Lemma Demissie 
Published: November 2020

Background
The perinatal mortality rate in Ethiopia is among the highest in Sub Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to identify the spatial patterns and determinants of perinatal mortality in the country using a national representative 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data.

Methods
The analysis was completed utilizing data from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. This data captured the information of 5 years preceding the survey period. A total of 7230 women who at delivered at seven or more months gestational age nested within 622 enumeration areas (EAs) were used. Statistical analysis was performed by using STATA version 14.1, by considering the hierarchical nature of the data. Multilevel logistic regression models were fitted to identify community and individual-level factors associated with perinatal mortality. ArcGIS version 10.1 was used for spatial analysis. Moran’s, I statistics fitted to identify global autocorrelation and local autocorrelation was identified using SatSCan version 9.6.

Results
The spatial distribution of perinatal mortality in Ethiopia revealed a clustering pattern. The global Moran’s I value was 0.047 with p-value <0.001. Perinatal mortality was positively associated with the maternal age, being from rural residence, history of terminating a pregnancy, and place of delivery, while negatively associated with partners’ educational level, higher wealth index, longer birth interval, female being head of household and the number of antenatal care (ANC) follow up.

Conclusions
In Ethiopia, the perinatal mortality is high and had spatial variations across the country. Strengthening partner’s education, family planning for longer birth interval, ANC, and delivery services are essential to reduce perinatal mortality and achieve sustainable development goals in Ethiopia. Disparities in perinatal mortality rates should be addressed alongside efforts to address inequities in maternal and neonatal healthcare services all over the country.