bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A causal role for the cerebellum in semantic integration: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study
Authors: Gatti Daniele , Van Vugt Floris , Vecchi Tomaso 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMounting evidence suggests that the cerebellum, a structure previously linked to motor function, is also involved in a wide range of non-motor processes. It has been proposed that the cerebellum performs the same computational processes in both motor and non-motor domains. Within motor functions, the cerebellum is involved in the integration of signals from multiple systems. Here we hypothesized that cerebellum may be involved in integration within semantic memory as well. Specifically, understanding a noun-adjective combination (e.g. red apple) requires combining the meaning of the adjective (red) with the meaning of the noun (apple). In two experiments, participants were asked to judge whether noun-adjective word-pairs were semantically related (e.g., red apple) or not (e.g., lucky milk) while online transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was administered over the right cerebellum or over a control site (vertex in Experiment 1 and visual cortex in Experiment 2). Cerebellar TMS caused a decrease in participants’ accuracy for related word-pairs while accuracy for unrelated stimuli was not affected. A third experiment using a control task where subjects compared pairs of random letters showed no effect of TMS. Taken together these results indicate that the right cerebellum is involved specifically in the processing of semantically related stimuli. These results are consistent with theories that proposed the existence of a unified cerebellar function within motor and non-motor domains, as well with recent perspectives about cerebellar involvement in semantic memory and predictive cognition.
Urinary podocyte mRNAs precede microalbuminuria as a progression risk marker in human type 2 diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Fukuda Akihiro , Minakawa Akihiro , Kikuchi Masao , Sato Yuji , Nagatomo Masanao , Nakamura Shuji , Mizoguchi Tetsu , Fukunaga Naoya , Shibata Hirotaka , Naik Abhijit S. , Wiggins Roger C. , Fujimoto Shouichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEarlier detection of progression risk in diabetic nephropathy will allow earlier intervention to reduce progression. The hypothesis that urinary pellet podocyte mRNA is a more sensitive progression risk marker than microalbuminuria was tested. A cross sectional cohort of 165 type 2 diabetics and 41 age and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Podocyte stress (Urinary pellet podocin:nephrin mRNA ratio), podocyte detachment (Urinary pellet podocin mRNA:creatinine ratio: UPPod:CR) and a tubular marker (Urinary pellet aquaporin 2:creatinine ratio) were measured in macro-albuminuric, micro-albuminuric and norm-albuminuric groups. eGFR was reassessed after 4 years in 124 available diabetic subjects. Urinary pellet podocyte and tubular mRNA markers were increased in all diabetic groups in cross-sectional analysis. After 4 years of follow-up univariable and multivariate model analysis showed that the only urinary markers significantly related to eGFR slope were UPPod:CR (P < 0.01) and albuminuria (P < 0.01). AUC analysis using K-fold cross validation to predict eGFR loss of ≥ 3 ml/min/1.73m2/year showed that UPPod:CR and albuminuria each improved the AUC similarly such that combined with clinical variables they gave an AUC = 0.70. Podocyte markers and albuminuria had overlapping AUC contributions, as expected if podocyte depletion causes albuminuria. In the norm-albuminuria cohort (n = 75) baseline UPPod:CR was associated with development of albuminuria (P = 0.007) and, in the tertile with both normal kidney function (eGFR 84 ± 11.7 ml/min/1.73m2) and norm-albuminuria at baseline, UPPod:CR was associated with eGFR loss rate (P = 0.003). In type 2 diabetics with micro- or macro-albuminuria UPPod:CR and albuminuria were equally good at predicting eGFR loss. For norm-albuminuric type 2 diabetics UPPod:CR predicted both albuminuria and eGFR loss.
Magnesium-alloy rods reinforced bioglass bone cement composite scaffolds with cortical bone-matching mechanical properties and excellent osteoconductivity for load-bearing bone in vivo regeneration
Authors: Duan Huyang , Cao Chuanliang , Wang Xiaolei , Tao Jun , Li Chen , Xin Hongbo , Yang Jing , Song Yulin , Ai Fanrong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVarious therapeutic platforms have been developed for repairing bone defects. However, scaffolds possess both cortical bone-matching mechanical properties and excellent osteoconductivity for load-bearing bone defects repair is still challenging in the clinic. In this study, inspired by the structure of the ferroconcrete, a high-strength bifunctional scaffold has been developed by combining surface-modified magnesium alloy as the internal load-bearing skeleton and bioglass-magnesium phosphate bone cement as the osteoconductive matrix. The scaffold combines the high mechanical strength and controllable biodegradability of surface-modified magnesium alloy with the excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of bioglass-magnesium phosphate bone cement, thus providing support for load-bearing bone defects and subsequently bone regeneration. The scaffolds generate hydroxyapatite (HA) during the degrading in simulated body fluid (SBF), with the strength of the scaffold decreasing from 180 to 100 MPa in 6 weeks, which is still sufficient for load-bearing bone. Moreover, the scaffolds showed excellent osteoconductivity in vitro and in vivo. In a New Zealand White Rabbit radius defect model, the scaffolds degrade gradually and are replaced by highly matured new bone tissues, as assessed by image-based analyses (X-ray and Micro-CT) and histological analyses. The bone formation-related proteins such as BMP2, COL1a1 and OCN, all showed increased expression.
Effects of exercise on kidney and physical function in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nakamura Keisuke , Sasaki Tomohiro , Yamamoto Shuhei , Hayashi Hiroto , Ako Shinji , Tanaka Yuu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPatients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at greater risk of early mortality and decreased physical function with an advance in the stage of CKD. However, the effect of exercise in these patients is unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of physical exercise training on the risk of mortality, kidney and physical functions, and adverse events in patients with non-dialysis CKD. The meta-analysis conformed to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement and the Cochrane Handbook recommendations. On 16 August 2019, the PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library databases, and Embase were electronically searched, with no restrictions for date/time, language, document type, or publication status, for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of exercise on mortality and kidney and physical function in patients with non-dialysis CKD. Eighteen trials (28 records), including 848 patients, were analyzed. The effects of exercise on all-cause mortality and estimated glomerular filtration rate were not significantly different from that of usual care. Exercise training improved peak/maximum oxygen consumption compared to usual care. Regular exercise improves physical and walking capacity for patients with non-dialysis CKD. Effect on leg muscle strength was unclear.
Image sensor for spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography on a chip
Authors: Vlaskovic M. , Zimmermann H. , Meinhardt G. , Kraft J. 
Published: October 2020

This Letter presents a global shutter image sensor based on PIN photodiodes intended to be used for optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the spectral domain, where the light is brought to the photodiodes via optical waveguides monolithically integrated on top of electronics in a photonic layer. Photodiodes are optimised to have the peak responsivity in the wavelength range between 800 and 900 nm, while the main features of electronics are high signal‐to‐noise ratio, high frame rate, low‐power consumption and low noise. The sensor is designed using 0.35 µm high voltage CMOS and employing low doped epitaxial starting material in order to improve the detector efficiency by enabling fully depleted photodiodes and lowering the crosstalk. Image sensor parameters are obtained using the photon‐transfer curve method and compared with commercial cameras for OCT.
Topside radio frequency system consolidation with Gregorian parabolic antenna stacking
Authors: Sugama C. , Chandrasekar V. 
Published: October 2020

Shipboard platforms have numerous antennas crowding topside space. Consolidating these antennas would require having antennas with multi‐frequency capabilities. A Gregorian parabolic stacked antenna provides multi‐frequency capabilities on a single pedestal which reduces the number of antennas required on a US Navy shipboard platforms. This Letter depicts the simulated design and radiation pattern results of a 1.9 m Gregorian parabolic stacked antenna that is capable of operating at the X‐, K‐, Ka‐ and Q‐band frequencies at VSWR values <2:1. These frequency band capabilities allow for satellite communication links where two antennas that are currently fielded are operating within. The dual Gregorian parabolic stacked antenna presented is capable of operating at the same frequencies on a single antenna pedestal which would reduce the number of antennas required on shipboard platforms.
Beratungsanlässe in Notaufnahmen und Notfallpraxen außerhalb hausärztlicher Sprechstundenzeiten – Eine Mixed-Methods-Studie
Authors: Mosler Torge , Flägel Kristina , Steinhäuser Jost 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Seit 2006 übernehmen in immer mehr Bundesländern Notfallpraxen (NP) der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen (KV) die Patientenversorgung in sprechstundenfreien Zeiten. Zudem stellen Notaufnahmen (ZNA) der Krankenhäuser die Akutversorgung der Bevölkerung sicher. Eine optimale Koordination der Versorgung in die adäquate Einrichtung wird vielfach diskutiert. Diese Arbeit hatte zum Ziel, Beratungsanlässe und subjektive Gründe, die jeweilige Einrichtung aufzusuchen, zu erheben.
Methodik In einer Mixed-Methods-Studie wurden Patienten mit nicht dringlichem Behandlungsbedarf (Manchester-Triage-System Gruppe 4 und 5) von Juli 2015 bis August 2016 außerhalb hausärztlicher Sprechstundenzeiten in 2 ZNA in Schleswig-Holstein und 2 KV-NP in Baden-Württemberg bezüglich ihrer Beratungsanlässe befragt. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte durch einen Fragebogen und ein semistrukturiertes Leitfadeninterview. Zur deskriptiven Auswertung diente das Statistikprogramm SPSS; die qualitativen Daten wurden mit qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 398 Patienten befragt. Als Beratungsanlässe dominierten in den ZNA und NP Beschwerden des Bewegungsapparates (39%, n=116 bzw. 23%, n=23). Bei den technischen Untersuchungsleistungen stand in der ZNA die Laboruntersuchung mit 59% (n=175) an erster Stelle. In den NP wurde diese bei einem Patienten (2%) durchgeführt. Hauptgründe für die Konsultation waren in beiden Einrichtungen eine Zunahme der Beschwerden (50%, n=147 in der ZNA bzw. 70%, n=70 in den NP) und der Wunsch nach rascher Diagnostik (73%, n=217 in den ZNA bzw. 48%, n=48 in den NP). 28% (n=112) der befragten Patienten besaßen einen Medikamentenplan, davon hatten 60% (n=67) diesen mitgebracht. 66% (n=197) der Notaufnahmepatienten konnten in die ambulante Weiterversorgung entlassen werden. In den NP wurden 89% (n=89) ambulant weiterbehandelt. Die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse ergab in beiden Einrichtungsarten ebenfalls ähnliche Beschwerdekategorien, jedoch mit deutlichen Unterschieden bezüglich der Schwere und erlebten Dringlichkeit. In beiden Einrichtungen erwarteten die Patienten Gewissheit durch Abklärung ihrer Beschwerden. In den ZNA wurde vermehrt der Wunsch nach einer bestimmten Diagnostik und Schnelligkeit geäußert.
Schlussfolgerung Für die Mehrheit der Beratungsanlässe in beiden Versorgungseinrichtungen konnte eine medizinische Behandlungsindikation nachvollzogen werden. Auch war eine Unterscheidung in der Dringlichkeit der Beratungsanlässe zwischen ZNA und NP festzustellen.
Semantic limits of dense combinatorial objects
Authors: Coregliano L. N. , Razborov A. A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The theory of limits of discrete combinatorial objects has been thriving for the last decade or so. The syntactic, algebraic approach to the subject is popularly known as ‘flag algebras’, while the semantic, geometric approach is often associated with the name ‘graph limits’. The language of graph limits is generally more intuitive and expressible, but a price that one has to pay for it is that it is better suited for the case of ordinary graphs than for more general combinatorial objects. Accordingly, there have been several attempts in the literature, of varying degree of generality, to define limit objects for more complicated combinatorial structures. This paper is another attempt at a workable general theory of dense limit objects. Unlike previous efforts in this direction (with the notable exception of [5] by Aroskar and Cummings), our account is based on the same concepts from first-order logic and model theory as in the theory of flag algebras. It is shown how our definitions naturally encompass a host of previously considered cases (graphons, hypergraphons, digraphons, permutons, posetons, coloured graphs, and so on), and the fundamental properties of existence and uniqueness are extended to this more general case. Also given is an intuitive general proof of the continuous version of the Induced Removal Lemma based on the compactness theorem for propositional calculus. Use is made of the notion of open interpretation that often allows one to transfer methods and results from one situation to another. Again, it is shown that some previous arguments can be quite naturally framed using this language.
Bibliography: 68 titles.
SurA is a cryptically grooved chaperone that expands unfolded outer membrane proteins
Authors: Marx Dagan C. , Plummer Ashlee M. , Faustino Anneliese M. , Devlin Taylor , Roskopf Michaela A. , Leblanc Mathis J. , Lessen Henry J. , Amann Barbara T. , Fleming Patrick J. , Krueger Susan , Fried Stephen D. , Fleming Karen G. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Outer membrane proteins play critical roles in bacterial physiology and increasingly are exploited as antibiotic targets. SurA is the most important chaperone in the OMP biogenesis network and is thought to initiate their folding through an interaction with the BAM complex. We observe an unprecedented expansion of unfolded outer membrane proteins when bound to SurA. This expansion suggests a potential mechanism by which SurA can deliver uOMPs to the BAM complex. In addition, this study highlights the use of an integrative/hybrid structural biology approach and emerging methods to map highly heterogeneous structural ensembles, such as that of an unfolded protein bound to a chaperone.
Anthropogenic Asian aerosols provide Fe to the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Pinedo-González Paulina , Hawco Nicholas J. , Bundy Randelle M. , Armbrust E. Virginia , Follows Michael J. , Cael B. B. , White Angelicque E. , Ferrón Sara , Karl David M. , John Seth G. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Mineral dust has long been considered an important source of Fe to the surface ocean, especially in remote areas away from continental margins. However, anthropogenic Fe derived from fossil-fuel burning may also contribute Fe to surface waters. Here we show in situ evidence of anthropogenic Fe in seawater, based on the concentrations and isotopic composition of Fe measured during a springtime cruise which transected the North Pacific Ocean. Our results suggest that anthropogenic Fe could play a globally important role in marine productivity and carbon cycling.
Engineered ACE2 receptor traps potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Glasgow Anum , Glasgow Jeff , Limonta Daniel , Solomon Paige , Lui Irene , Zhang Yang , Nix Matthew A. , Rettko Nicholas J. , Zha Shoshana , Yamin Rachel , Kao Kevin , Rosenberg Oren S. , Ravetch Jeffrey V. , Wiita Arun P. , Leung Kevin K. , Lim Shion A. , Zhou Xin X. , Hobman Tom C. , Kortemme Tanja , Wells James A. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, protein engineering offers a rapid and powerful approach for building therapeutics to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. We use computational design, affinity maturation, and fusion to dimerization domains to engineer “receptor traps” based on wild-type angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2), the target for viral spike-mediated SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. The optimized ACE2 receptor traps neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2 infections as effectively as high-affinity antibodies isolated from convalescent patients and also bind viral spike proteins from other coronaviruses known to cause respiratory diseases. ACE2 receptor traps have large binding interfaces and block the entire receptor binding interface, limiting the potential impact of viral escape mutations.
The Twittering Presidents
Authors: Wignell Peter , Tan Sabine , O’Halloran Kay L. , Chai Kevin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper uses a Systemic Functional Multimodal Discourse Analysis (SF-MDA) approach to analyse tweets from the Twitter
accounts of Presidents Barack Obama (@Barack Obama) and Donald Trump (@realDonaldTrump). The tweets were posted during the last nine months
of President Obama’s effective presidency and the first nine months of President Trump’s presidency. The tweets are analysed using automated
text analysis which is interpreted through an SF-MDA lens, supplemented by manual analysis. The analysis examines ideational and
interpersonal emphasis in the tweets with the aim of showing how the composition and content construct a view of how each president and his
presidency are presented to the public. The findings suggest marked contrasts in presidential style with President Trump foregrounding the
interpersonal while President Obama foregrounds the ideational. Where President Trump presents as self-promoting, autocratic, opinionated
and igniting discord in his tweets, President Obama presents as democratic, moderate, restrained and seeking social harmony.
Traditional festivities, political domination and social reproduction: Case analysis of Valencia’s Fallas
Authors: Rius-Ulldemolins Joaquim , Gisbert Verònica , Vera Carles 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The traditional festivities have been usually analysed in social sciences as a mode of generating sociability and social cohesion, not only in traditional societies but also in modern ones. However, from Randall Collins's perspective, the festive ritual is used by certain groups to define identity, strengthen stratification, and establish political domination by creating shared focus points and building up emotional energy. This perspective allows us to go beyond the notion that festive ritual as Fallas forges consensus or the simplistic interpretation of folk culture as a weapon in resisting the powers that be. Collins shows us that ritual is a social arena in which various status groups struggle for domination. Nonetheless, his perspective must be nuanced given that the organisers of traditional culture rituals do not themselves constitute a social/political elite or movement, but rather are middlemen operating as a dominant group in a relatively autonomous social sphere. This can be seen in the analysis of the Fallas of Valencia: the sociability fostered by the festive culture and the Interaction Ritual (IR) generation of emotional energy allow a socially mobilised minority to define the regional identity, to exclude those considered enemies or foreigners, and to reproduce social stratification.
Natural number dynamics: reconstructing physics from generalized atomicity
Authors: Robinson T R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A novel approach is presented in which some key basic equations of physics are reconstructed from a generalized atomicity viewpoint i.e., one in which a system is characterised simply by the number of items it contains and hence by the natural numbers alone. The natural numbers may then be associated with the eigenvalue spectrum of an operator. The non-negative nature of the natural numbers leads to the properties of creation and annihilation operators. By examining the parastatistical properties of the number operator, it is also shown that there is only one linear representation that allows a primitive system to be created. An interpretation of the nonlinear factorization of the number operator is also given in terms of the Hamiltonian for bound states of the Schrödinger equation for the case of general one-dimensional potentials. Introducing multiple categories of items yields the standard equations of many-body systems with interaction and scattering, and the existence of bosons and fermions.
Loss compensation symmetry in a multimode waveguide coupler
Authors: Hlushchenko Anton V , Shcherbinin Vitalii I , Novitsky Denis V , Tuz Vladimir R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigate the loss compensation phenomenon in an asymmetric coupler composed of a pair of unequally sized dielectric cylinders with gain and loss. A multimode analytical approach is applied to solve the eigenvalue problem for the coupler. This approach relies on the field expansion in terms of two sets of orthogonal azimuthal modes, which are coupled due to finite distance between the cylinders. To achieve the loss compensation symmetry (LC-symmetry), a design strategy is developed for the coupler operated in a pair of distinct transverse magnetic modes. It is shown that the LC-symmetry can be achieved for a certain distance between the cylinders, which is associated with the exceptional point of the system. For smaller distances, the adverse impact of high-order azimuthal (hybrid) modes are found to be essential. The results obtained are validated against full-wave simulations.
Detection of NO2 pollution plumes from individual ships with the TROPOMI/S5P satellite sensor
Authors: Georgoulias Aristeidis K , Boersma K Folkert , van Vliet Jasper , Zhang Xiumei , van der A Ronald , Zanis Prodromos , de Laat Jos 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of tropospheric NO2 column measurements from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument onboard the Copernicus Sentinel 5 Precursor satellite (TROPOMI/S5P) for an oceanic area in the central Mediterranean on 2 July 2018. The day and area were selected because of the stable and cloud-free weather conditions with low wind speeds throughout most of the area, while covering one of the busiest worldwide international shipping corridors. In addition, the area was affected by sunglint, i.e. sunlight that is directly reflected by the ocean surface waves to the satellite which greatly enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of the satellite observations. The satellite measurements reveal plume-like emission structures in tropospheric NO2 columns while automated identification signal (AIS) data of ship locations reveal a total of 185 ships in the area. Combined with information about wind speed and wind direction within 3 h prior to the TROPOMI/S5P overpass, the ship tracks can almost perfectly be aligned with the plume-like tropospheric NO2 structures. In addition, information about ship length and ship speed, combined with an analysis of ship tracks and ship position, reveal that nearly all emission plume-like tropospheric NO2 structures can be attributed to the largest ships, mostly container ships and crude oil tankers. Overall, our results show for the first time ever that NO2 emission plumes from ships can be detected and attributed to individual ships using satellite measurements, while also providing strong support for using satellite sunglint measurements.