bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brainstem NTCP and Dose Constraints for Carbon Ion RT—Application and Translation From Japanese to European RBE-Weighted Dose
Authors: Dale Jon Espen , Molinelli Silvia , Vischioni Barbara , Vitolo Viviana , Bonora Maria , Magro Giuseppe , Mairani Andrea , Hasegawa Azusa , Ohno Tatsuya , Dahl Olav , Valvo Francesca , Fossati Piero 
Published: November 2020

Background and PurposeThe Italian National Center of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO) has applied dose constraints for carbon ion RT (CIRT) as defined by Japan’s National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS). However, these institutions use different models to predict the relative biological effectiveness (RBE). CNAO applies the Local Effect Model I (LEM I), which in most clinical situations predicts higher RBE than NIRS’s Microdosimetric Kinetic Model (MKM). Equal constraints therefore become more restrictive at CNAO. Tolerance doses for the brainstem have not been validated for LEM I-weighted dose (DLEM I). However, brainstem constraints and a Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) model were recently reported for MKM-weighted dose (DMKM), showing that a constraint relaxation to DMKM|0.7 cm3 &lt;30 Gy (RBE) and DMKM|0.1 cm3 &lt;40 Gy (RBE) was feasible. The aim of this work was to evaluate the brainstem NTCP associated with CNAO’s current clinical practice and to propose new brainstem constraints for LEM I-optimized CIRT at CNAO.Material and MethodsWe reproduced the absorbed dose of 30 representative patient treatment plans from CNAO. Subsequently, we calculated both DLEM I and DMKM, and the relationship between DMKM and DLEM I for various brainstem dose metrics was analyzed. Furthermore, the NTCP model developed for DMKM was applied to estimate the NTCPs of the delivered plans.ResultsThe translation of CNAO treatment plans to DMKM confirmed that the former CNAO constraints were conservative compared with DMKM constraints. Estimated NTCPs were 0% for all but one case, in which the NTCP was 2%. The relationship DMKM/DLEM I could be described by a quadratic regression model which revealed that the validated DMKM constraints corresponded to DLEM I|0.7 cm3 &lt;41 Gy (RBE) (95% CI, 38–44 Gy (RBE)) and DLEM I|0.1 cm3 &lt;49 Gy (RBE) (95% CI, 46–52 Gy (RBE)).ConclusionOur study demonstrates that RBE-weighted dose translation is of crucial importance in order to exchange experience and thus harmonize CIRT treatments globally. To mitigate uncertainties involved, we propose to use the lower bound of the 95% CI of the translation estimates, i.e., DLEM I|0.7 cm3 &lt;38 Gy (RBE) and DLEM I|0.1 cm3 &lt;46 Gy (RBE) as brainstem dose constraints for 16 fraction CIRT treatments optimized with LEM I.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Prostate Health Index in Decision Making for Initial Prostate Biopsy
Authors: Huang Da , Yang Xiaoqun , Wu Yishuo , Lin Xiaoling , Xu Danfeng , Na Rong , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundClinical studies have suggested that prostate health index (phi) outperforms prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests in prostate cancer detection. The cost-effectiveness of phi with different cutoffs is poorly understood in the context of decision making for prostate biopsy.MethodsIn a multicenter cohort, 3,348 men with elevated total PSA (tPSA) underwent initial prostate biopsy from August 2013 to May 2019. We constructed a decision model to evaluate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of different phi cutoffs. Total costs and reimbursement payments were based on the fee schedule of Shanghai Basic Medical Insurance and converted into United States dollars ($). Two willingness-to-pay thresholds were estimated as one or three times the average gross domestic product per capita of China ($7,760 or $23,279, respectively).ResultsThe total costs of prostate biopsy and PSA tests were estimated at $315 and $19, respectively. The cost of phi test varied between $72 to $130 in different medical centers. Under different phi cutoffs (from 23 to 35), phi test predicted reductions of 420 (21.7%) to 972 (50.2%) in unnecessary biopsies, with a total gain of 23.77–57.58 quality adjusted life-years compared to PSA tests. All the cutoffs would be cost-effective for patients with tPSA levels of 2–10 ng/ml. Applying 27 as the cutoff was cost-effective for each tPSA range, with missing positive cases ranging from 11 (3.4%) to 33 (11.5%).ConclusionsUsing phi test was cost-effective in the decision-making process for initial prostate biopsy, especially for patients with tPSA values between 2–10 ng/ml. The phi cutoff of 27 was cost-effective regardless of tPSA ranges and should be recommended from a health-economic perspective.
Antioxidant Effect of Propofol in Gliomas and Its Association With Divalent Metal Transporter 1
Authors: Yang Chenyi , Xia Zhengyuan , Li Tang , Chen Yimeng , Zhao Mingshu , Sun Yi , Ma Ji , Wu Yi , Wang Xinyue , Wang Peng , Wang Haiyun 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundOxidative stress enhances tumor invasion and metastasis in brain cancer. The activation of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), which is regulated by glutamate receptors, can result in the increase of oxidative stress and risk of cancer development. Propofol, an anesthetic with antioxidant capacity, has been shown to decrease oxidative stress in several different types of cancer. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the suppression of oxidative stress in glioma cells by propofol. It was hypothesized that propofol may inhibit oxidative stress in gliomas via suppressing Ca2+-permeable α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor (CPAR)-DMT1 signaling.MethodsMale Wistar rats with C6 gliomas, which were established by intracranial injection of C6 glioma cells, were either treated with propofol or not for 6 h before being sacrificed. The levels of AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 and DMT1 protein expression were assessed using western blotting. The association between CPARs and DMT1 was confirmed in vitro using the AMPA receptor activator (R, S)-AMPA. Glutathione and reactive oxygen species assay kits were used to evaluate tumor oxidative stress. The effect of propofol on glioma proliferation was evaluated by determining tumor weight, cell cycles and a growth curve.ResultsPropofol infusion at either 20 or 40 mg/kg-1/h-1 increased GluR2 levels and downregulated DMT1 expression as well as glutathione content markedly in the periphery compared with that in the glioma core. The in vitro results revealed that (R, S)-AMPA increased DMT1 expression and reactive oxygen species levels, which were partly reversed by propofol treatment.ConclusionPropofol regulated DMT1 expression by modulating CPARs, resulting in the inhibition of tumor oxidative stress and glioma growth. The present study provides evidence for optimizing the selection of anesthetic drugs in perioperative management and prognosis of patients with glioma.
Structural Characterization and Immune Activity Screening of Polysaccharides With Different Molecular Weights From Astragali Radix
Authors: Li Ke , Cao Y-x , Jiao S-m , Du G-h , Du Y-g , Qin X-m 
Published: November 2020

Saccharides are the most abundant substance with the strongest immunological activity in Astragali Radix (AR). However, systematic structure study and immunoactivity screening of polysaccharides with different molecular weights (Mw) in AR have yet to be conducted. In this study, Astragalus polysaccharides (APSs) were divided into three fragments of different Mw values, &gt;2,000 kDa (APS-Ⅰ), about 10 kDa (APS-Ⅱ), and about 300 Da (APS-Ⅲ), by using ultrafiltration for the first time. The structural differences of the three products were determined on the basis of monosaccharide composition, FT-IR spectrum, linkage analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Cellular immune activity experiments in vitro and cyclophosphamide immunosuppression animal model experiments in vivo for nonspecific and specific immunoactivity screening were applied to identify the most immunogenic fragment in APSs. Linkage analysis results showed that APS-Ⅰ, APS-Ⅱ, and APS-Ⅲ have different attachment sites of monosaccharide residues. Immune screening experiments indicated that the Mw of the APSs influenced their activity, and APS-Ⅱ had the strongest immunoenhancing activity among the products. This research may serve as a reference for further study on APSs with different structures and immune activities, and as a guidance for the quality control of APSs and the development of new APS products.
Bruceine D inhibits Cell Proliferation Through Downregulating LINC01667/MicroRNA-138-5p/Cyclin E1 Axis in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Li Lin , Dong Zhen , Shi Pengfei , Tan Li , Xu Jie , Huang Pan , Wang Zhongze , Cui Hongjuan , Yang Liqun 
Published: November 2020

Objective: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. Bruceine D (BD) is one of the extracts of Brucea javanica. In recent years, it has been reported that BD has anti-tumor activity in some human cancers through different mechanisms. Here, this study try to explore the effect of BD on gastric cancer and its regulatory mechanism.Methods: Cell proliferation ability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) staining and soft agar colony formation assay, respectively. The tumor xenograft model was used to verify the effect of BD on the tumorigenicity of gastric cancer cells in vivo. Flow cytometry analysis and Western blot assay were performed to detect cell cycle and apoptosis. Gastric cancer cells were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. The interaction between LINC01667, microRNA-138-5p (miR-138-5p) and Cyclin E1 was verified by dual luciferase experiment and RT-PCR assays.Results: We found that BD significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at S phase in gastric cancer cells. Transcriptome analysis found that the expression of a long non-coding RNA, LINC01667, were significantly down-regulated after BD treatment. Mechanically, it was discovered that LINC01667 upregulated the expression of Cyclin E1 by sponging miR-138-5p. Furthermore, BD enhanced the chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells to doxorubicin, a clinically used anti-cancer agent.Conclusion: BD inhibit the growth of gastric cancer cells by downregulating the LINC01667/miR-138-5p/Cyclin E1 axis. In addition, BD enhances the chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells to doxorubicin. This study indicates that BD may be used as a candidate drug for the treatment of patients with gastric cancer.
Comparison of Psychosocial Distress in Areas With Different COVID-19 Prevalence in Korea
Authors: Kim Mina , Park In-Hoo , Kang Young-Shin , Kim Honey , Jhon Min , Kim Ju-Wan , Ryu Seunghyong , Lee Ju-Yeon , Kim Jae-Min , Lee Jonghun , Kim Sung-Wan 
Published: November 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to compare psychosocial distress in areas in Korea with different prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after validating a questionnaire on psychological experiences and stress associated with the disease outbreak.Methods: Using an online-based survey, psychosocial distress associated with COVID-19 was investigated in three regions, which were selected according to their prevalence of COVID-19. A total of 1,500 people from an online public panel in the three regions participated in the study. The questionnaire included sociodemographic information, psychosocial experience and stress related to COVID-19, and the perceived stress scale (PSS), patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7). Those questionnaires and scales were compared by level of prevalence of COVID-19 after validating the questionnaire on psychosocial distress associated with COVID-19.Results: The 19 items on psychosocial experience associated with COVID-19 comprised 5 subscales, with favorable Cronbach's α ranging from 0.69 to 0.88. Six stress items related to COVID-19 had a Cronbach's α of 0.79. Disturbance in eating and sleeping, difficulty with outside activities, stress from COVID-19, and PSS scores were greater in the areas where COVID-19 was highly prevalent. Economic problems, daily activity changes, and anger toward society were higher in the higher-prevalence regions.Discussion: Psychosocial distress associated with COVID-19 was closely related to the prevalence of the disease in the areas where participants lived. Psychosocial interventions for distress associated with COVID-19 should be developed and prepared for people during this lengthy pandemic.
Risk and Protective Factors in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Evidence Map
Authors: Elmore Rebecca , Schmidt Lena , Lam Juleen , Howard Brian E. , Tandon Arpit , Norman Christopher , Phillips Jason , Shah Mihir , Patel Shyam , Albert Tyler , Taxman Debra J. , Shah Ruchir R. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Given the worldwide spread of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), there is an urgent need to identify risk and protective factors and expose areas of insufficient understanding. Emerging tools, such as the Rapid Evidence Map (rEM), are being developed to systematically characterize large collections of scientific literature. We sought to generate an rEM of risk and protective factors to comprehensively inform areas that impact COVID-19 outcomes for different sub-populations in order to better protect the public.Methods: We developed a protocol that includes a study goal, study questions, a PECO statement, and a process for screening literature by combining semi-automated machine learning with the expertise of our review team. We applied this protocol to reports within the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) that were published in early 2020. SWIFT-Active Screener was used to prioritize records according to pre-defined inclusion criteria. Relevant studies were categorized by risk and protective status; susceptibility category (Behavioral, Physiological, Demographic, and Environmental); and affected sub-populations. Using tagged studies, we created an rEM for COVID-19 susceptibility that reveals: (1) current lines of evidence; (2) knowledge gaps; and (3) areas that may benefit from systematic review.Results: We imported 4,330 titles and abstracts from CORD-19. After screening 3,521 of these to achieve 99% estimated recall, 217 relevant studies were identified. Most included studies concerned the impact of underlying comorbidities (Physiological); age and gender (Demographic); and social factors (Environmental) on COVID-19 outcomes. Among the relevant studies, older males with comorbidities were commonly reported to have the poorest outcomes. We noted a paucity of COVID-19 studies among children and susceptible sub-groups, including pregnant women, racial minorities, refugees/migrants, and healthcare workers, with few studies examining protective factors.Conclusion: Using rEM analysis, we synthesized the recent body of evidence related to COVID-19 risk and protective factors. The results provide a comprehensive tool for rapidly elucidating COVID-19 susceptibility patterns and identifying resource-rich/resource-poor areas of research that may benefit from future investigation as the pandemic evolves.
Population-Based Screening for Endometrial Cancer: Human vs. Machine Intelligence
Authors: Hart Gregory R. , Yan Vanessa , Huang Gloria S. , Liang Ying , Nartowt Bradley J. , Muhammad Wazir , Deng Jun 
Published: November 2020

Incidence and mortality rates of endometrial cancer are increasing, leading to increased interest in endometrial cancer risk prediction and stratification to help in screening and prevention. Previous risk models have had moderate success with the area under the curve (AUC) ranging from 0.68 to 0.77. Here we demonstrate a population-based machine learning model for endometrial cancer screening that achieves a testing AUC of 0.96.We train seven machine learning algorithms based solely on personal health data, without any genomic, imaging, biomarkers, or invasive procedures. The data come from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO). We further compare our machine learning model with 15 gynecologic oncologists and primary care physicians in the stratification of endometrial cancer risk for 100 women.We find a random forest model that achieves a testing AUC of 0.96 and a neural network model that achieves a testing AUC of 0.91. We test both models in risk stratification against 15 practicing physicians. Our random forest model is 2.5 times better at identifying above-average risk women with a 2-fold reduction in the false positive rate. Our neural network model is 2 times better at identifying above-average risk women with a 3-fold reduction in the false positive rate.Our machine learning models provide a non-invasive and cost-effective way to identify high-risk sub-populations who may benefit from early screening of endometrial cancer, prior to disease onset. Through statistical biopsy of personal health data, we have identified a new and effective approach for early cancer detection and prevention for individual patients.
Application of the Endoscopic Micro-Inspection Tool QEVO® in the Surgical Treatment of Anterior Circulation Aneurysms—A Technical Note and Case Series
Authors: Schebesch Karl-Michael , Doenitz Christian , Haj Amer , Höhne Julius , Schmidt Nils Ole 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The application of neuro-endoscopes in cerebral aneurysm surgery may help to avoid unintended aneurysm remnants and the accidental clipping of perforating arteries and aid the detection of blood collecting in the subdural spaces. Here, we present our experience with the novel endoscopic micro-inspection tool QEVO® (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) in aneurysm surgery.Materials and Equipment: In all patients the surgical microscope KINEVO® (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) and the Microinspection tool QEVO® were applied.Methods: The case series comprises 22 unruptured cerebral aneurysms of the anterior circulation. All aneurysms were treated surgically. All patients routinely underwent computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography within 10 days after surgery.Results: No aneurysm remnants, cerebral ischemic deficits, or subdural hematomas were detected.Discussion: In this technical note, we discuss the benefits and limitations of the QEVO® tool and illustrate the major paradigms by means of intraoperative photographs.
Wacana Humor dalam Bajigur TV
Authors: Anam Khoirul , Wuryaningrum Rusdhianti , Syukron Ahmad 
Published: November 2020

Kajian dalam artikel ini terdiri atas empat rumusan yaitu bagaimanakah wujud wacana humor, bagaimanakah prinsip humor, bagaimanakah teknik humor, dan bagaimanakah pemanfaatan WHBTV untuk materi ajar menulis teks anekdot. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan rancangan penelitian kualitatif-etnografi berbahasa dengan pendekatan analisis wacana. Hasil yang ditemukan berwujud wacana ejekan terhadap pekerjaan, penyebab emosi, memanfaatkan kesusahan, tawaran mengecewakan, tipuan, menggoda wanita, melebih-lebihkan hal sepele, memberikan alasan berubah-ubah, menjelaskan hal unik tidak masuk akal, olokan tertentu, dan dugaan salah. Prinsip humor pada wacana ini berupa prinsip kesepakatan berhumor, menggunakan tuturan yang berlebihan, penyampaian kritikan, dan menggunakan kata-kata brutal dalam batas kesopanan. Teknik humor dalam yang digunakan berupa bahasa yang menghasikan humor lewat kata-kata, logika memunculkan efek humor dari hasil pemikiran pemain, dan identitas berupa kekhasan berhumor pemain.Katakunci: anekdot, humor, teknik humorAbstract:The article discusses four research questions including how is the form, the principle and the technique of humour, and how the use of WHBTV for teaching materials to write anecdotal texts. The study was conducted using a qualitative-ethnographic language research design with a discourse analysis approach. The results were found in the form of discourses on ridicule of work, emotional causes, taking advantage of distress, disappointing offers, tricks, flirting with women, exaggerating trivial things, giving fluctuating reasons, explaining unique things that don't make sense, certain ridicule, and wrong allegations. The principle of humour in this discourse is in the form of the principle of agreement with humour, using excessive speech, conveying criticism, and using brutal words within the limits of politeness. The internal humour technique used is in the form of language that produces humour through words, logic creates a humorous effect from the results of the players' thoughts, and identity in the form of player humour.Keywords: anecdotes, humor, humor techniques
Nilai Pendidikan Pantun "Besaot" dalam Laman Facebook
Authors: Oktarina Nela 
Published: November 2020

Artikel ini akan membahas nilai pendidikan pantun besaot di cyberspace. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, dengan datasekunder berupa pantun yang bersumber dari laman facebook. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian menggunakan teknik analisis dokumen. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian menggunakan concent analyis (analisis isi) dengan mengungkap, memahami, dan menangkap pesan karya sastra. Berdasarkan hasil kajian terhadap 6 pantun besaot yang di dapat di laman facebook dalam grup “Bangka Yoh” yang diunggah oleh akun yang bernama Budi Js, diketahui bahwa pantun besaot memiliki nilai pendidikan sebagai berikut: (1) nilai pendidikan religi, (2) nilai pendidikan moral, (3) nilai pendidikan sosial dan (4) nilai pendidikan budaya.Katakunci: pantun, nilai pendidikan, facebookAbstract:This article will discuss the value of pantun besaot education in cyberspace. The research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method, with secondary data in the form of rhymes that were sourced from the Facebook page. The data collection technique used in the study was document analysis techniques. Data analysis techniques in research use content analysis (content analysis) by revealing, understanding, and capturing messages of literary works. Based on the results of a study of 6 besaot rhymes obtained on the Facebook page in the "Bangka Yoh" group uploaded by an account named Budi Js, it is known that the besaot pantun has the following educational values: (1) the value of religious education, (2) the value of education moral, (3) the value of social education and (4) the value of cultural education.Keywords: pantun , educational values, facebook