bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data‐Driven Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Using Loss Adaptive Dipole Inversion (LADI)
Authors: Kamesh Iyer Srikant , Moon Brianna F. , Josselyn Nicholas , Ruparel Kosha , Roalf David , Song Jae W. , Guiry Samantha , Ware Jeffrey B. , Kurtz Robert M. , Chawla Sanjeev , Nabavizadeh S. Ali , Witschey Walter R. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundQuantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) uses prior information to reconstruct maps, but prior information may not show pathology and introduce inconsistencies with susceptibility maps, degrade image quality and inadvertently smoothing image features.PurposeTo develop a local field data‐driven QSM reconstruction that does not depend on spatial edge prior information.Study TypeRetrospective.Subjects, animal modelsA dataset from 2016 ISMRM QSM Challenge, 11 patients with glioblastoma, a patient with microbleeds and porcine heart.Sequence/Field Strength3D gradient echo sequence on 3T and 7T scanners.AssessmentAccuracy was compared to Calculation of Susceptibility through Multiple Orientation Sampling (COSMOS), and several published techniques using region of interest (ROI) measurements, root‐mean‐squared error (RMSE), structural similarity index metric (SSIM), and high‐frequency error norm (HFEN). Numerical ranking and semiquantitative image grading was performed by three expert observers to assess overall image quality (IQ) and image sharpness (IS).Statistical TestsBland–Altman, Friedman test, and Conover multiple comparisons.ResultsLoss adaptive dipole inversion (LADI) (β = 0.82, R2 = 0.96), morphology‐enabled dipole inversion (MEDI) (β = 0.91, R2 = 0.97), and fast nonlinear susceptibility inversion (FANSI) (β = 0.81, R2 = 0.98) had excellent correlation with COSMOS and no bias was detected (bias = 0.006 ± 0.014, P < 0.05). In glioblastoma patients, LADI showed consistently better performance (IQGrade = 2.6 ± 0.4, ISGrade = 2.6 ± 0.3, IQRank = 3.5 ± 0.4, ISRank = 3.9 ± 0.2) compared with MEDI (IQGrade = 2.1 ± 0.3, ISGrade = 2 ± 0.5, IQRank = 2.4 ± 0.5, ISRank = 2.8 ± 0.2) and FANSI (IQGrade = 2.2 ± 0.5, ISGrade = 2 ± 0.4, IQRank = 2.8 ± 0.3, ISRank = 2.1 ± 0.2). Dark artifact visible near the infarcted region in MEDI (InfMEDI = −0.27 ± 0.06 ppm) was better mitigated by FANSI (InfFANSI‐TGV = −0.17 ± 0.05 ppm) and LADI (InfLADI = −0.18 ± 0.05 ppm).ConclusionFor neuroimaging applications, LADI preserved image sharpness and fine features in glioblastoma and microbleed patients. LADI performed better at mitigating artifacts in cardiac QSM.Evidence Level4Technical Efficacy Stage1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:823–835.
Rotator Cuff Tendon Assessment in Symptomatic and Control Groups Using Quantitative MRI
Authors: Ashir Aria , Ma Yajun , Jerban Saeed , Jang Hyungseok , Wei Zhao , Le Nicole , Du Jiang , Chang Eric Y. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundRelatively weak correlations between patient symptoms and rotator cuff tendon (RCT) tearing have been reported; however, the relationship between symptoms and tendinosis has been less well‐studied.Purpose/HypothesisTo use quantitative MRI to assess the bilateral RCTs in shoulders of both patients with unilateral symptomatic tendinopathy and control subjects. We hypothesized that quantitative MRI measures would differ between symptomatic patients and controls.Study TypeProspective imaging study.Population/SubjectsIn all, 48 shoulders from 24 subjects (mean age, 32.8 years), including 14 patients with unilateral symptomatic tendinopathy and 10 asymptomatic controls.Field Strength/Sequence3T/3D ultrashort echo time Cones sequence with magnetization transfer preparation (UTE‐Cones‐MT) and Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill.AssessmentMacromolecular fraction (MMF) and T2 relaxation were measured in four regions of the superior RCT, including all‐segments, and lateral‐third, bursal‐sided, and articular‐sided segments. The Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) index and visual analog scale were assessed.Statistical TestsThree shoulder groups were evaluated, including symptomatic shoulders, contralateral asymptomatic shoulders in patients, and asymptomatic controls. MMF and T2 values were compared between groups using a bootstrap‐based comparison of means.ResultsSignificant differences were found in both MMF and T2 values between symptomatic and control RCTs when analyzing all‐segments (P = 0.027 and P = 0.006, respectively) and articular‐sided segments (both P = 0.001). Significant differences between asymptomatic RCTs in patients and control RCTs were also found, including MMF in all four anatomic regions analyzed (P = 0.024–0.044), as well as T2 in all‐segments (P = 0.003), bursal‐sided segments (P = 0.021), and articular‐sided segments (P = 0.002). No significant differences in MMF (P = 0.420–0.950) or T2 (P = 0.380–0.910) were seen between ipsilateral symptomatic and contralateral asymptomatic RCTs in patients.Data ConclusionSymptomatic RCTs showed significantly lower MMF values and higher T2 values compared with control RCTs. In patients with unilateral symptomatic tendinopathy, the contralateral shoulder can demonstrate asymptomatic tendinopathy, which can be quantified using MMF or T2.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:864–872.
Mergers, acquisitions, and strategic alliances as collaborative methods of strategic development and change
Authors: Gomes Emanuel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis overview article briefly discusses the importance and implications of collaborative methods of development. It provides an overview of the various alternative collaborative methods available and highlights the main critical success factors associated with the management of the strategic change processes which these often are. While providing an overview of each paper, this article highlights the importance of a multi‐disciplinary approach and highlights the interconnectedness between a variety of factors and their performance implications. To conclude, avenues for further research are suggested to further strengthen the view of a more pluralistic, multi‐disciplinary, multi‐phasic, and interconnected approach to external collaborative methods of development.
Does changing contexts affect linkages throughout the mergers and acquisition process? A multiphasic investigation of motives, pre‐ and post‐acquisition and performance
Authors: Thanos Ioannis C. , Papadakis Vassilis M. , Angwin Duncan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMergers and acquisitions (M&As) are important organizational change phenomena that have attracted significant research focusing on many aspects, but only recently has attention begun to concentrate on its complex multiphasic nature and its embeddedness in multiple contexts. So far, the influence of the macro context in M&A deals has been little studied and its interaction with M&A's multiphasic nature has been ignored. This article addresses this limitation by investigating whether different macroeconomic wave and non‐wave periods of M&A activity influence phases of M&A in terms of motives, pre‐ and post‐acquisition processes, and acquisition performances. Drawing on a dataset of Greek M&As, an under‐researched M&A context, findings suggest that acquisitions in non‐wave periods are driven by different motives from those in‐wave periods. Interestingly though, we found no statistically significant changes in pre‐ and post‐acquisition processes and M&A performance between in‐wave and non‐wave periods. We suggest this finding of organizational change may be due to the nature of the early stage of Greek M&A and may also apply to the experience of other countries. Further theoretical and practical implications of these findings are also discussed.
The expanded endonasal approach in pediatric skull base surgery: A review
Authors: London Nyall R. , Rangel Gustavo G. , Walz Patrick C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveSurgery of the pediatric skull base has multiple unique challenges and has seen recent rapid advances. The objective of this review is to assess key issues in pediatric skull base surgery (SBS), including anatomic limitations, surgical approaches, reconstruction techniques, postoperative care, complications, and outcomes.Data SourcesPubMed literature review.Review MethodsA review of the literature was conducted to assess the challenges, recent advances, and reported outcomes in pediatric SBS.ResultsThe pediatric skull base presents multiple anatomic challenges, including variable patterns of pneumatization, narrow piriform aperture width, and narrow intercarotid distance at the level of the cavernous sinus but not the superior clivus. These issues may be particularly challenging in patients less than 2 years of age. Endoscopic endonasal approaches in the sagittal and coronal plane have been applied to the pediatric skull base while open approaches may still be necessary in the setting of extensive intracranial or orbital disease, as well as disease lateral to critical neurovascular structures. While the nasoseptal flap was initially called into question for pediatric cases, it has been shown through multiple reports to be a feasible and robust reconstructive option. Complications and outcomes often depend upon the pathology. In children, response to noxious stimuli, ability to avoid Valsalva, and adherence to nasal precautions is variable. The use of lumbar drains is more common in pediatric than adult patients.ConclusionWhile the pediatric skull base presents unique challenges, outcomes data support that endoscopic endonasal approaches are a pertinent surgical technique in appropriately selected patients.Level of Evidence3a
Stray current‐induced corrosion in cathodic protection installations of steel‐reinforced concrete structures: FEM study of the critical parameters
Authors: Eichler Thorsten , Isecke Bernd 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA wide range of parameters was investigated by numerical calculations concerning their impact on DC stray current corrosion of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. A simplified model geometry was used to extract the relevant parameters and their interaction in terms of stray current‐affected structures. This study mainly focuses on RC structures that are fitted with cathodic protection installations. The findings reveal a complex interaction between the investigated parameters. The possible relevance of further parameters, which is not the subject of this study, was emphasised.
Bulk Alignment of Chromonic Aggregates During Swelling of Hydrogels
Authors: Shiraishi Koji , Takahashi Sawako , Le Khoa V. , Naka Yumiko , Sasaki Takeo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study demonstrates that the bulk alignment of chromonic aggregates can be achieved during the swelling of hydrogels. Swelling of an ionic hydrogel immersed in an aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate reorients the chromonic aggregates, and millimeter‐thick optically anisotropic hydrogels are obtained. These anisotropic hydrogels contain the chromonic aggregates at a condensed concentration as high as in the columnar phase of a normal chromonic aqueous solution, although the X‐ray diffraction results show much less stacking order and orientational order of the aggregates. Furthermore, anisotropic mechanical properties of the hydrogels are observed due to the anisotropic alignment of the chromonic aggregates.
A Family with Late‐Onset and Predominant Choreic Niemann Pick Type C: A Treatable Piece in the Etiological Puzzle of Choreas
Authors: Rodriguez‐Quiroga Sergio , Zavala Lucia , Pérez Maturo Josefina , González‐Morón Dolores , Garretto Nelida , Kauffman Marcelo A. 
Published: March 2020

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Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokines and Neurodegeneration‐Associated Proteins in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Wijeyekoon Ruwani S. , Moore Sarah F. , Farrell Krista , Breen David P. , Barker Roger A. , Williams‐Gray Caroline H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionImmune markers are altered in Parkinson's disease (PD), but relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma cytokines and associations with neurodegeneration‐associated proteins remain unclear.MethodsCSF and plasma samples and demographic/clinical measures were obtained from 35 PD patients. CSF samples were analyzed for cytokines (together with plasma) and for α‐synuclein, amyloid β(1‐42) peptide, total tau, and phospho(Thr231)‐tau.ResultsThere were no CSF–plasma cytokine correlations. Interleukin (IL)‐8 was higher and interferon‐γ, IL‐10, and tumor necrosis factor–α were lower in CSF versus plasma. In CSF, total tau correlated positively with IL‐8 and IL‐1β, whereas α‐synuclein correlated positively with amyloid β(1‐42) and negatively with semantic fluency (a known marker of PD dementia risk).DiscussionCSF and peripheral cytokine profiles in PD are not closely related. Associations between CSF IL‐8 and IL‐1β and tau suggest that CSF inflammatory changes may relate to tau pathology within PD. CSF α‐synuclein/amyloid β may reflect the risk of developing PD dementia. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
An Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Gas Phase Prepolymerization of Propylene
Authors: Yu Yue , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA systematic investigation is carried out on the gas phase of propylene during the initial instants of polymerization. The results confirm the positive impact of small amounts of mineral oil on the initial reaction rate and morphology. It is shown that polymerizing under conditions of mild temperature and pressure alone are not enough to achieve the same result. It is found that the presence of mineral oil, and low temperature of polymerization can be used to control the morphology of polymer particles and to obtain high activity in the main reaction. If enough oil is used, moderate to high temperatures of prepolymerization are acceptable in terms of controlling morphology but can compromise the activity of the main polymerization. It is also observed that the way in which the oil is introduced has an impact on the kinetics and particle morphology. Separate addition of oil from the precatalyst gives rise to relatively flat kinetics during prepolymerization and highest rate during main polymerization. To account for the activity enhancement, a selective quench‐labeling study employing methyl propargyl ether shows that the presence of mineral oil appears to increase the fraction of active titanium by a factor of almost 2.
Motor unit number index in quantitatively assessing motor root lesions and monitoring treatment outcomes in patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy
Authors: Zheng Chaojun , Chen Zhenhao , Zhu Yu , Lyu Feizhou , Ma Xiaosheng , Weber Robert , Tian Dong , Jiang Jianyuan , Xia Xinlei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe investigated the feasibility of motor unit number index (MUNIX) in quantitatively assessing motor root lesions and tracking different treatment outcomes in lumbosacral radiculopathy (LR).MethodsBilateral MUNIX was recorded from the abductor hallucis, extensor digitorum brevis, and tibialis anterior in 44 normal controls and 108 patients with LR, and this was repeated approximately 12 months after treatment in 60 patients with LR.ResultsMore abnormalities were observed when side‐to‐side differences of MUNIX measurements were used to evaluate LR (P < .05). Motor unit number index measurements worsened without progression of muscle weakness after conservative treatment, and MUNIX measurements improved with or without increased muscle strength after surgical treatment (P < .05).DiscussionMotor unit number index may identify a specific L5 or S1 motor root lesion even before muscle weakness occurs, especially when side‐to‐side differences are used. Changes in MUNIX were larger than those in motor function measures after treatments for LR.
Decompositions of third‐order tensors: HOSVD, T‐SVD, and Beyond
Authors: Zeng Chao , Ng Michael K. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe higher order singular value decomposition, which is regarded as a generalization of the matrix singular value decomposition (SVD), has a long history and is well established, while the T‐SVD is relatively new and lacks systematic analysis. Because of the unusual tensor‐tensor product that the T‐SVD is based on, the form of the T‐SVD may be difficult to comprehend. The main aim of this article is to establish a connection between these two decompositions. By converting the form of the T‐SVD into the sum of outer product terms, we compare the forms of the two decompositions. Moreover, from establishing the connection, a new decomposition which has a specific nonzero pattern, is proposed and developed. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the useful ability of the new decomposition for approximation and data compression.
Medical device active surveillance of spontaneous reports: A literature review of signal detection methods
Authors: Chung Gary , Etter Katherine , Yoo Andrew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeThe collection and analysis of real‐world data for the active monitoring of medical device performance and safety has become increasingly important. Spontaneous reports, such as those in the Food & Drug Administration's (FDA's) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE), provide early warning of potential issues with marketed devices. This review synthesizes the current literature on medical device surveillance signal detection and provides a framework for application of methods to active surveillance of spontaneous reports.MethodsOvid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Scopus, and PubMed databases were systematically searched up to January 2019. Additionally, five methods articles from pharmacovigilance were added that had potential applications to medical devices.ResultsAmong 105 articles included, the most common source of data (84%) was registries; median time between data collection and publication was 8 years. Surgical procedure outcome signal detection articles comprised 83% while 14% were on device outcome signal detection. The most common family of methods cited (70%) was Sequential Probability Ratio.ConclusionApplication of any signal detection algorithm requires careful consideration of influential factors, data limitations, and algorithmic assumptions. We recommend approaches using disproportionality, statistical process control, and sequential probability tests and provide R packages to further development efforts. The small number of published examples suggest that further development of statistical methods and technological solutions to analyze large amounts of data for device safety and performance is needed. Fundamental differences in products, data infrastructure, and the regulatory landscape suggest that medical device vigilance requires its own body of research distinct from pharmacovigilance.
Three‐Body Topology Entanglement Generation via a Six‐Wave Mixing: Competing and Coexisting of Linear and Nonlinear Optics Responses in Triphoton Temporal Correlation
Authors: Li Kangkang , Cai Yin , Wu Ji , Liu Yuliang , Xiong Siqi , Li Yameng , Zhang Yanpeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCompared with biphotons, the three‐body photons have a more plentiful energy construction. Further, excellent properties such as entangled multiqubit states, high security, flexibility, and information capacity are observed as the increased number of photons is manipulated, in turn increasing the need for a multiple‐body quantum information process. Here, a novel method is proposed to generate natural narrowband three‐body photons of W state, entangled in time (or energy) via a single step of six‐wave mixing process (SWMP). Emphasizing on the linear and nonlinear susceptibilities of the SWMP, the properties of temporal correlation of the generated triphoton in the photon coincidence counting measurements are studied. Based on the photon–atom interfaces, these susceptibilities compete or coexist with each other. Meanwhile, in a dressed‐state picture, the nonlinear susceptibility decides the temporal correlation of the triphoton wave packet as damped multiperiodic Rabi oscillation, suggesting the property of the high‐dimensional time−energy entangled triphoton state. Moreover, combining the topology energy level constructions with the optical responses is a significant method for investigating the peculiarity in the temporal correlation of the generated three‐body photons.
Path selection with Nash Q‐learning for remote state estimation over multihop relay network
Authors: Zhang Yunlin , Gan Ruimeng , Shao Jinliang , Zhang Heng , Cheng Yuhua 
Published: March 2020

SummaryIn this article, the security issue of remote state estimation is investigated for multihop relay networks interrupted by an attacker launching denial‐of‐service attacks. Since the presence of the relay enriches the communication topology, there might exist several paths connecting the sensor and the estimator, consisting of the corresponding channels. Thus, it is reasonable for the sensor to select the path with a lower dropout rate to enhance the system performance measured by the estimation error, due to the dropout rate changing with the channel. However, as an adversary, the objective of the jammer is to deteriorate the corresponding performance through launching attack on the communication path selectively. For addressing the problem on the behalf of both of the sensor and the jammer, we first formulate this problem as a two‐player zero‐sum stochastic game model, and then present a Nash Q‐learning algorithm to explore the equilibrium point for both players, under the assumption that both of them are rational players. Furthermore, the existence of equilibrium point for this problem is proved analytically. Moreover, a more general case of the channel attack, under which the jammer can attack any channels among this network, is considered. Finally, numerical results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed and the theorem results.
The effect of too stiff rail to base fastening on damage mechanism in RC ballastless track structure
Authors: Derkowski Wit , Ślaga Łukasz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the influence of overly stiff rail fasteners, which are used to stabilize rails on a ballastless track structure, on the mechanism of the occurrence of defects in concrete baseplates. During the analysis, there was a series of field tests performed on a real track, the purpose of which was the assessment of the technical condition of the ballastless track, the assessment of concrete baseplate strength and the verification of the correctness of the rail attachment by means of a fastener. In addition, there was a series of supplementary laboratory tests performed which assessed the relationship between the anchor clamping force and the torque at the assembly stage (the first tightening of the anchors) as well as after the adjustment of the fastening rigidity (loosening and tightening the fastening anchors again). On the basis of the obtained results, a three‐dimensional numerical model of a section of the ballastless track structure was prepared with the use of adaptive solid finite elements. The performed numerical analysis reflecting the real work of a fastener in a track structure were used to identify the causes of defects in concrete baseplates in the analyzed ballastless track structure.