bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravity Wave Source Spectra Appropriation for Mesosphere Lower Thermosphere Using Meteor Radar Observations and GROGRAT Model Simulations
Authors: Pramitha M. , Kumar K. Kishore , Ratnam M. Venkat , Praveen M. , Rao S. Vijaya Bhaskara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMeteor radar observations of gravity wave momentum fluxes (GWMFs) in the 82–94 km altitude region, which is a part of mesosphere lower thermosphere (MLT), are employed to identify the best fit gravity wave source spectrum using Gravity wave Regional or Global Ray Tracer (GROGRAT) model simulations over a low‐latitude location, Tirupati (13.63°N, 79.4°E). GROGRAT model is used to propagate a spectrum of gravity waves from the troposphere to the lower thermosphere. A total number of five gravity wave source spectra with various permutations and combinations are considered for the model simulations and by comparing the model simulated and radar observed gravity wave fields in the 82–94 km region, a best fit source spectrum is identified. The significance of the present study lies in appropriating the gravity wave source spectrum using meteor radar observations for the first time, which will have implications in improving gravity parameterization schemes in global models.
NOx Emissions Reduction and Rebound in China Due to the COVID‐19 Crisis
Authors: Ding J. , van der A R. J. , Eskes H. J. , Mijling B. , Stavrakou T. , van Geffen J. H. G. M. , Veefkind J. P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 lockdown (24 January–20 March) in China low air pollution levels were reported in the media as a consequence of reduced economic and social activities. Quantification of the pollution reduction is not straightforward due to effects of transport, meteorology, and chemistry. We have analyzed the NOx emission reductions calculated with an inverse algorithm applied to daily NO2 observations from TROPOMI onboard the Copernicus Sentinel‐5P satellite. This method allows the quantification of emission reductions per city and the analysis of emissions of maritime transport and of the energy sector separately. The reductions we found are 20–50% for cities, about 40% for power plants, and 15–40% for maritime transport depending on the region. The reduction in both emissions and concentrations shows a similar timeline consisting of a sharp reduction (34–50%) around the Spring festival and a slow recovery from mid‐February to mid‐March.
Direct Assimilation of Radar Data With Ensemble Kalman Filter and Hybrid Ensemble‐Variational Method in the National Weather Service Operational Data Assimilation System GSI for the Stand‐Alone Regional FV3 Model at a Convection‐Allowing Resolution
Authors: Tong Chong‐Chi , Jung Youngsun , Xue Ming , Liu Chengsi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCapabilities to directly assimilate radar radial velocity (Vr) and reflectivity (Z) data are implemented within the operational GSI data assimilation (DA) framework and coupled with the new stand‐alone regional (SAR) FV3 model. The effectiveness and performance of 3DVar, EnKF, and hybrid En3DVar methods are evaluated with a storm cluster over the U.S. Central Plains at 3‐km grid spacing. During the DA cycles, 3DVar analyses show better fit to Z observations but fastest error growth, while EnKF and pure En3DVar lead to smaller forecast errors. For Vr, EnKF outperforms other methods in both analysis and forecast. Good correspondence with tornado reports is obtained by most experiments for probabilistic forecast of updraft helicity (UH), except for 3DVar which shows insufficient confidence in certain regions. Overall, EnKF and hybrid En3DVar show best forecast skills in terms of composite reflectivity and UH. Tests with more cases are needed to draw more general conclusions, however.
Predicting Magnetization Directions Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Nurindrawati Felicia , Sun Jiajia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMagnetic data have been widely used for understanding basin structures, mineral deposit systems, the formation history of various geological systems, and many others. Proper interpretation of magnetic data requires accurate knowledge of total magnetization directions of the source bodies in an area of study. Existing approaches for estimating magnetization directions involve either unstable data processing steps or computationally intensive processes such as 3‐D inversions. In this study, we developed a new method of automatically predicting the magnetization direction of a magnetic source body using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). CNNs have achieved great success in many other applications such as computer vision and seismic image interpretation but have not been used to extract parameters from magnetic data. We simulated many magnetic data maps with different magnetization directions from a synthetic source body, all subject to the same background field. Two CNNs were trained separately, one for predicting the inclination and the other for predicting declination. We determined the optimal CNN architectures for predicting inclinations and declinations by systematically comparing 13 different CNN architectures. In addition, we investigated the effect of having different parameters such as magnetization magnitude, source body shape, location, and depth on the performance of our predictive models. We also tested the method using field data from Black Hill Norite, Australia, and Yeshan region, China, for which prior research results are available for comparison. Our study shows that machine learning provides an effective means of automatically predicting magnetization directions based on magnetic data maps.
Benchmarking Component Analysis of Remanent Magnetization Curves With a Synthetic Mixture Series: Insight Into the Reliability of Unmixing Natural Samples
Authors: He Kuang , Zhao Xiangyu , Pan Yongxin , Zhao Xiang , Qin Huafeng , Zhang Tongwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGeological samples often contain several magnetic components associated with different geological processes. Component analysis of remanent magnetization curves has been widely applied to decompose convoluted information. However, the reliability of commonly used methods is poorly assessed as independent verification is rarely available. For this purpose, we designed an experiment using a series of mixtures of two endmembers to benchmark unmixing methods for isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) acquisition curves. First‐order reversal curves (FORC) diagrams were analyzed for comparison. It is demonstrated that the parametric method, which unmixes samples using specific probability distributions, may result in biased estimates. In contrast, an endmember‐based IRM unmixing approach yielded better quantitative results, which are comparable to the results obtained by FORC analysis based on principle component analysis (FORC‐PCA). We demonstrate that endmember‐based methods are in principle more suitable for unmixing a collection of samples with common endmembers; however, the level of decomposition will vary depending on the difference between the true endmembers that are associated with distinctive processes and the empirical endmembers used for unmixing. When it is desired to further decompose endmembers, the parametric unmixing approach remains a valuable means of inferring their underlying components. We illustrate that the results obtained by endmember‐based and parametric methods can be quantitatively combined to provide improved unmixing results at the level of parametric model distributions.
“Nice to Meet You”: A Quality Improvement Project to Increase Warm Handoffs
Authors: Germán Miguelina , Hsu-Walklet Teresa , Gurney Brittany A. , Parekh Jillian , Stein Berman Rachel , Herrick Jason , Briggs Rahil D. , Aviv Elizabeth C. , Faro Elissa Z. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Low rates of behavioral health (BH) engagement and poor follow-up can exacerbate youth mental health difficulties. Warm handoffs, when a primary care provider (PCP) introduces the patient to the BH care provider in an integrated setting, have been shown to improve the rate of BH follow-up appointments. This 1-year study describes a quality improvement (QI) project conducted at a large, urban pediatric primary care practice, with aims of (a) improving the percentage of warm handoffs performed for pediatric patients referred to behavioral health by 100% and (b) increasing the proportion of warm handoffs completed per primary care provider (PCP) for 60% of all PCPs. Methods: Using QI methods, a multidisciplinary team implemented tests of change via Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles (PDSAs) and completed a run chart of number of warm handoffs to assess performance. A balancing measure was used to determine impact of increased warm handoffs on behavioral health provider’s sessions. Results: The percentage of warm handoffs doubled compared to the baseline period (37% vs. 18%), and there were significant differences in follow-up rates between referred patients who received a warm handoff (73.1%) and those who did not (49.5%), regardless of whether the same BH provider conducted the warm handoff and follow-up visit, or whether two different BH providers were involved. Additionally, the number of warm handoffs per PCP increased for over 70% of total PCPs. Conclusions: This project demonstrated (a) the utility of using QI procedures to meet our aims and (b) the importance of warm handoffs in an integrated setting. Implications for Impact Statement This QI project focused on increasing warm handoffs in primary care because they improve behavioral health (BH) follow-up appointments. A warm handoff is a practice by which the primary care provider (PCP) introduces the patient to the BH care provider during the patient’s medical visit. Using QI methods, this project increased the percentage of warm handoffs received among referred pediatric patients to BH by over 100% and increased the proportion of warm handoffs completed per PCP for at least 60% of PCPs. Increasing warm handoffs to BH providers should be considered a best practice to help address the potentially chronic effects of untreated childhood mental health disorders.
Pediatric Integrated Primary Care as the Foundation for Healthy Development Across the Lifespan
Authors: McCabe Mary Ann , Leslie Laurel , Counts Nathaniel , Tynan William D. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Pediatric Integrated Primary Care (IPC) plays a unique and foundational role in prevention of behavioral health disorders and promotion of healthy development and positive health behaviors across the life span. Early intervention can mitigate the impact of social determinants of health (including adverse childhood experiences) and promote health equity. Yet to realize this potential for health promotion and prevention, it will be necessary for pediatric integrated primary care to shift focus upstream—ensuring a 2-generation approach (e.g., parenting programs, screening for maternal depression) and enabling effective collaboration with other sectors in communities that impact children and families (e.g., home visiting programs, schools). This will pose challenges for sharing desired outcomes and data and reconceptualizing returns on investment across sectors. Other policy changes will also be necessary, including payment reforms (e.g., value-based payment models), interprofessional training, and increased funding for IPC research in pediatrics. It will be necessary to educate policymakers that health promotion and prevention in pediatric IPC results in improved health and savings into adulthood. Conclusion: Pediatric psychology can play a leadership role in realizing the potential for pediatric IPC. Implications for Impact Statement Advances in a few key policy areas will enable pediatric integrated primary care to serve its unique and nearly universal function—promoting healthy development and preventing behavioral health conditions for better health and wellbeing throughout life.
Things must not fall apart: the ripple effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Coker Modupe , Folayan Morenike O. , Michelow Ian C. , Oladokun Regina E. , Torbunde Nguavese , Sam-Agudu Nadia A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractZero to 19 year-old children in sub-Saharan Africa bear a disproportionate proportion of the global burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Significant public health gains have been made in the fight against these diseases, however, factors such as underequipped health systems, disease outbreaks, conflict, and political instability continue to challenge prevention and control. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) introduces new challenges to public health programs in sub-Saharan Africa. Of particular concern are programs targeting major conditions among children, such as undernutrition, vaccine-preventable pneumonia and diarrhea, malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, and sickle cell disease. This article focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child health in sub-Saharan Africa. We review the epidemiology of major pediatric diseases and, referencing modeling projections, discuss the short- and long-term impact of the pandemic on major disease control. We deliberate on potential complications of SARS-CoV-2 co-infections/co-morbidities and identify critical social and ethical issues. Furthermore, we highlight the paucity of COVID-19 data and clinical trials in this region and the lack of child participants in ongoing studies. Lastly, approaches and interventions to mitigate the pandemic’s impact on child health outcomes are discussed.ImpactChildren in sub-Saharan Africa bear a disproportionate burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases globally; this remains true even as the COVID-19 pandemic persists.Amidst the fast-expanding COVID-19 literature, there is little comprehensive coverage of the pandemic’s indirect impact on child health in sub-Saharan Africa.This article comprehensively outlines the threat that the pandemic poses to major disease prevention and control for children in sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 co-infections/co-morbidities, highlights research gaps, and advocates for data and action to mitigate the ripple effects of the pandemic on this population.
Achieving similar root microbiota composition in neighbouring plants through airborne signalling
Authors: Kong Hyun Gi , Song Geun Cheol , Sim Hee-Jung , Ryu Choong-Min 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The ability to recognize and respond to environmental signals is essential for plants. In response to environmental changes, the status of a plant is transmitted to other plants in the form of signals such as volatiles. Root-associated bacteria trigger the release of plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the impact of VOCs on the rhizosphere microbial community of neighbouring plants is not well understood. Here, we investigated the effect of VOCs on the rhizosphere microbial community of tomato plants inoculated with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain GB03 and that of their neighbouring plants. Interestingly, high similarity (up to 69%) was detected in the rhizosphere microbial communities of the inoculated and neighbouring plants. Leaves of the tomato plant treated with strain GB03-released β-caryophyllene as a signature VOC, which elicited the release of a large amount of salicylic acid (SA) in the root exudates of a neighbouring tomato seedling. The exposure of tomato leaves to β-caryophyllene resulted in the secretion of SA from the root. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the composition of the rhizosphere microbiota in surrounding plants is synchronized through aerial signals from plants.
Antibiotic use and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis
Authors: Simin Johanna , Fornes Romina , Liu Qing , Olsen Renate Slind , Callens Steven , Engstrand Lars , Brusselaers Nele 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
It is understudied whether the posed association of oral antibiotics with colorectal cancer (CRC) varies between antibiotic spectrums, colorectal continuum, and if a non-linear dose-dependent relationship is present.

Design
Three electronic databases and a trial platform were searched for all relevant studies, from inception until February 2020, without restrictions. Random-effects meta-analyses provided pooled effect-sizes (ES) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Dose–response analyses modelling the relationship between number of days exposed to antibiotics and CRC risk were extended to non-linear multivariable random-effects models.

Results
Of 6483 identified publications ten were eligible, including 4.1 million individuals and over 73,550 CRC cases. The pooled CRC risk was increased among individuals who ever-used antibiotics (ES = 1.17, 95%CI 1.05–1.30), particularly for broad-spectrum antibiotics (ES = 1.70, 95%CI 1.26–2.30), but not for narrow-spectrum antibiotic (ES = 1.11, 95% 0.93–1.32). The dose–response analysis did not provide strong evidence of any particular dose–response association, and the risk patterns were rather similar for colon and rectal cancer.

Discussion
The antibiotic use associated CRC risk seemingly differs between broad- and narrow-spectrum antibiotics, and possibly within the colorectal continuum. It remains unclear whether this association is causal, requiring more mechanistic studies and further clarification of drug–microbiome interactions.
PI3K/AKT pathway as a key link modulates the multidrug resistance of cancers
Authors: Liu Rui , Chen Youwen , Liu Guangzhi , Li Chenxi , Song Yurong , Cao Zhiwen , Li Wen , Hu Jinghong , Lu Cheng , Liu Yuanyan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the dominant challenge in the failure of chemotherapy in cancers. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a lipid kinase that spreads intracellular signal cascades and regulates a variety of cellular processes. PI3Ks are considered significant causes of chemoresistance in cancer therapy. Protein kinase B (AKT) is also a significant downstream effecter of PI3K signaling, and it modulates several pathways, including inhibition of apoptosis, stimulation of cell growth, and modulation of cellular metabolism. This review highlights the aberrant activation of PI3K/AKT as a key link that modulates MDR. We summarize the regulation of numerous major targets correlated with the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is further related to MDR, including the expression of apoptosis-related protein, ABC transport and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β), synergism with nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the regulation of glycolysis.
Cells of the adult human heart
Authors: Litviňuková Monika , Talavera-López Carlos , Maatz Henrike , Reichart Daniel , Worth Catherine L. , Lindberg Eric L. , Kanda Masatoshi , Polanski Krzysztof , Heinig Matthias , Lee Michael , Nadelmann Emily R. , Roberts Kenny , Tuck Liz , Fasouli Eirini S. , DeLaughter Daniel M. , McDonough Barbara , Wakimoto Hiroko , Gorham Joshua M. , Samari Sara , Mahbubani Krishnaa T. , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Patone Giannino , Boyle Joseph J. , Zhang Hongbo , Zhang Hao , Viveiros Anissa , Oudit Gavin Y. , Bayraktar Omer Ali , Seidman J. G. , Seidman Christine E. , Noseda Michela , Hubner Norbert , Teichmann Sarah A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Advanced insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies require a deeper understanding of the molecular processes involved in the healthy heart. Knowledge of the full repertoire of cardiac cells and their gene expression profiles is a fundamental first step in this endeavour. Here, using state-of-the-art analyses of large-scale single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomes, we characterize six anatomical adult heart regions. Our results highlight the cellular heterogeneity of cardiomyocytes, pericytes and fibroblasts, and reveal distinct atrial and ventricular subsets of cells with diverse developmental origins and specialized properties. We define the complexity of the cardiac vasculature and its changes along the arterio-venous axis. In the immune compartment, we identify cardiac-resident macrophages with inflammatory and protective transcriptional signatures. Furthermore, analyses of cell-to-cell interactions highlight different networks of macrophages, fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes between atria and ventricles that are distinct from those of skeletal muscle. Our human cardiac cell atlas improves our understanding of the human heart and provides a valuable reference for future studies.
P130Cas/bcar1 mediates zebrafish caudal vein plexus angiogenesis
Authors: Wisniewski Laura , French Vanessa , Lockwood Nicola , Valdivia Leonardo E. , Frankel Paul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractP130CAS/BCAR1 belongs to the CAS family of adaptor proteins, with important regulatory roles in cell migration, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. Previously, we and others showed that P130CAS mediates VEGF-A and PDGF signalling in vitro, but its cardiovascular function in vivo remains relatively unexplored. We characterise here a novel deletion model of P130CAS in zebrafish. Using in vivo microscopy and transgenic vascular reporters, we observed that while bcar1−/− zebrafish showed no arterial angiogenic or heart defects during development, they strikingly failed to form the caudal vein plexus (CVP). Endothelial cells (ECs) within the CVP of bcar1−/− embryos produced fewer filopodial structures and did not detach efficiently from neighbouring cells, resulting in a significant reduction in ventral extension and overall CVP area. Mechanistically, we show that P130Cas mediates Bmp2b-induced ectopic angiogenic sprouting of ECs in the developing embryo and provide pharmacological evidence for a role of Src family kinases in CVP development.
Inhibition of enteric methanogenesis in dairy cows induces changes in plasma metabolome highlighting metabolic shifts and potential markers of emission
Authors: Yanibada Bénédict , Hohenester Ulli , Pétéra Mélanie , Canlet Cécile , Durand Stéphanie , Jourdan Fabien , Boccard Julien , Martin Cécile , Eugène Maguy , Morgavi Diego P. , Boudra Hamid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is scarce information on whether inhibition of rumen methanogenesis induces metabolic changes on the host ruminant. Understanding these possible changes is important for the acceptance of methane-reducing practices by producers. In this study we explored the changes in plasma profiles associated with the reduction of methane emissions. Plasma samples were collected from lactating primiparous Holstein cows fed the same diet with (Treated, n = 12) or without (Control, n = 13) an anti-methanogenic feed additive for six weeks. Daily methane emissions (CH4, g/d) were reduced by 23% in the Treated group with no changes in milk production, feed intake, body weight, and biochemical indicators of health status. Plasma metabolome analyses were performed using untargeted [nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS)] and targeted (LC–MS/MS) approaches. We identified 48 discriminant metabolites. Some metabolites mainly of microbial origin such as dimethylsulfone, formic acid and metabolites containing methylated groups like stachydrine, can be related to rumen methanogenesis and can potentially be used as markers. The other discriminant metabolites are produced by the host or have a mixed microbial-host origin. These metabolites, which increased in treated cows, belong to general pathways of amino acids and energy metabolism suggesting a systemic non-negative effect on the animal.