bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Microswarms with Leader–Follower‐Like Structures: Electrohydrodynamic Self‐Organization and Multimode Collective Photoresponses
Authors: Liang Xiong , Mou Fangzhi , Huang Zhen , Zhang Jianhua , You Ming , Xu Leilei , Luo Ming , Guan Jianguo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSwarming micro/nanomotors can self‐organize into cohesive groups to execute cooperative tasks. To date, research work has focused on the construction of egalitarian microswarms composed of similar individuals. The construction and collective behaviors of hierarchical leader–follower‐like microswarms are demonstrated. By inducing converging electrohydrodynamic flows under an AC electric field, dielectric microparticles with different sizes and dielectric properties can hierarchically self‐organize into leader–follower‐like microswarms under attractive electrohydrodynamic interactions, and show novel emergent collective behaviors. First, different from immobile single constituents or egalitarian clusters, the hierarchical microswarms autonomously move with tunable speed. Second, they exhibit multimode collective photoresponses emerging from different behaviors of the constituents in response to light signals. With a vertical UV signal, the photoresponsive followers tend to surround the leader and stop the microswarm. In response to sidewise UV signals, the constituents with stronger phototaxis would migrate to the position away from light stimuli, and thus the microswarms reorient parallel/antiparallel to the light direction and perform collective positive/negative phototaxis. Due to differential roles and huge design spaces of constituents, the hierarchical microswarms are envisioned to possess merits of high‐efficiency, multiresponsiveness, and multifunctions, and may serve as intelligent micro/nanorobot systems for biomedicine and microengineering.
Strengthening the Interface between Flower‐Like VS4 and Porous Carbon for Improving Its Lithium Storage Performance
Authors: Yu Lü‐qiang , Zhao Shi‐Xi , Wu Qi‐long , Zhao Jian‐Wei , Wei Guo‐dan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCarbon materials are frequently used to improve the cycle and rate performance of VS4 as anode material for lithium ion batteries. However, the interfacial interaction between VS4 and carbon has not been elucidated clearly. Various VS4@C composites are prepared and the interface between VS4 and porous carbon is investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and first‐principles calculations. The interfacial structure between VS4 and carbon and the mechanism of flower‐like VS4 growth on carbon substrate are revealed clearly. The results indicate that C−V bonds and C−O−V bonds are formed when oxygen functional groups are introduced into the porous carbon, and the C−V bonds and C−O−V bonds accelerate the electron transport and enhance structural stability of the VS4@C composite. Deriving from the unique structure and robust interfacial interaction, the electrochemical performances of VS4@C composite are much better than that of pure VS4. Moreover, through the study of lithium storage mechanism of VS4 anode, it is found that there is an irreversible amorphization change of the original VS4 in the first cycle, and that during the following electrochemical process, the main storage behavior of lithium ions derives from the insertion−extraction reactions in the amorphous VS4 with the reaction between V4+ and V3+.
Donor‐Flexible Bis(pyridylidene amide) Ligands for Highly Efficient Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Olefin Oxidation
Authors: Salzmann Kevin , Segarra Candela , Albrecht Martin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn exceptionally efficient ruthenium‐based catalyst for olefin oxidation has been designed by exploitingN,N′‐bis(pyridylidene)oxalamide (bisPYA) as a donor‐flexible ligand. The dynamic donor ability of the bisPYA ligand, imparted by variable zwitterionic and neutral resonance structure contributions, paired with the redox activity of ruthenium provided catalytic activity for Lemieux–Johnson‐type oxidative cleavage of olefins to efficiently prepare ketones and aldehydes. The ruthenium bisPYA complex significantly outperforms state‐of‐the‐art systems and displays extraordinary catalytic activity in this oxidation, reaching turnover frequencies of 650 000 h−1and turnover numbers of several millions.
Specific “Unlocking” of a Nanozyme‐Based Butterfly Effect To Break the Evolutionary Fitness of Chaotic Tumors
Authors: Zhen Wenyao , Liu Yang , Wang Wei , Zhang Mengchao , Hu Wenxue , Jia Xiaodan , Wang Chao , Jiang Xiue 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChaos and the natural evolution of tumor systems can lead to the failure of tumor therapies. Herein, we demonstrate that iridium oxide nanoparticles (IrOx) possess acid‐activated oxidase and peroxidase‐like functions and wide pH‐dependent catalase‐like properties. The integration of glucose oxidase (GOD) unlocked the oxidase and peroxidase activities of IrOx by the production of gluconic acid from glucose by GOD catalysis in cancer cells, and the produced H2O2 was converted into O2 to compensate its consumption in GOD catalysis owing to the catalase‐like function of the nanozyme, thus resulting in the continual consumption of glucose and the self‐supply of substrates to generate superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical. Moreover, IrOx can constantly consume glutathione (GSH) by self‐cyclic valence alternation of IrIV and IrIII. These cascade reactions lead to a “butterfly effect” of initial starvation therapy and the subsequent pressure of multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS) to completely break the self‐adaption of cancer cells.
Synchronization of complex networks with Markovian switching coupling via aperiodically quantized intermittent pinning control
Authors: Liu Xinxin , Feng Jianwen , Wang Jingyi , Zhao Yi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the synchronization of complex networks with Markovian switching couplings. The complex network we deal with subjects to Markovian switching couplings, noise perturbations and internal and outer time‐varying delays, which is a more general model and has wide applications. The control scheme we employ is the aperiodically quantized intermittent pinning control. By using the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional, It
's formula and the linear matrix inequality (LMI), sufficient conditions for synchronization of complex networks with Markovian switching couplings are obtained. A numerical simulation is provided to demonstrate the validity of our theoretical results.
Approach to generate 3D‐printed terrain models using free software and open data sources: Application to military planning
Authors: Solla Mercedes , Casqueiro Carlos , del Cuvillo Ignacio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe students of the Defense University Center at the Spanish Naval Academy (Marín, northwest of Spain) attend both the military studies and mechanical engineering degrees. These students are the future officers of the Spanish Navy. Among them, the Marine Corp students attend subjects focused on topography, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and an amphibious landing. In this framework, this paper presents an example of an application of the use of physical models for a better understanding of the terrain, as well as for landscape design or military planning. Through the use of different GIS and Computer‐Aided Design software, the students have to demonstrate their capabilities to create and produce three‐dimensional (3D) printed models. This work shows how the use of printed scale models of the terrain offers visualization advantages and more understanding to students when compared with virtual models or traditional maps. Additionally, a methodological approach is presented aiming to produce 3D‐printed models using open data sources and free license software. From a point cloud of data, this software allowed creating and editing the virtual model (scales, vertical exaggeration, smooth, etc.), as well as to merge different point clouds. The methodology was applied to the Island of Tambo (Galicia, Spain). Using Light Detection and Ranging data, several printed scale models were elaborated on, including the Digital Terrain Model and Digital Elevation Model. Additionally, a bathymetric model was created, aiming to assist in the design of an amphibious operation.
Anemia from A to zinc: Hypocupremia in the setting of gastric bypass and zinc excess
Authors: Tatineni Vineeth , An Julie Y. , Leffew Matthew R. , Mahesh Sameer A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHypocupremia can result in a bi‐lineage deficiency of leukocytes and erythrocytes. Although commonly seen from gastrointestinal malabsorption, hypocupremia can be further exacerbated with excessive zinc intake causing increased fecal copper excretion. Dietary supplementation is prevalent in the outpatient setting and must be considered as a possible source of hematologic pathologies.
Bullous pemphigoid‐like skin rash associated with Rivaroxaban use in a very elderly patient with multimorbidity and chronic kidney disease: A case report
Authors: Chohan Shakil Ahmed , Balasubramanian Diraviyam , Ee Samuel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly being used in the elderly population in view of its ease of use, efficacy, and favorable side‐effect profile compared with the vitamin K antagonists. However, there is a need for increase awareness of well‐characterized cases, albeit a small number, of bullous pemphigoid‐like skin reactions associated with rivaroxaban.
Consecutive Photoinduced Electron Transfer (conPET): The Mechanism of the Photocatalyst Rhodamine 6G
Authors: Brandl Fabian , Bergwinkl Sebastian , Allacher Carina , Dick Bernhard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe dye rhodamine 6G can act as a photocatalyst through photoinduced electron transfer. After electronic excitation with green light, rhodamine 6G takes an electron from an electron donor, such as N,N‐diisopropylethylamine, and forms the rhodamine 6G radical. This radical has a reduction potential of around −0.90 V and can split phenyl iodide into iodine anions and phenyl radicals. Recently, it has been reported that photoexcitation of the radical at 420 nm splits aryl bromides into bromide anions and aryl radicals. This requires an increase in reduction potential, hence the electronically excited rhodamine 6G radical was proposed as the reducing agent. Here, we present a study of the mechanism of the formation and photoreactions of the rhodamine 6G radical by transient absorption spectroscopy in the time range from femtoseconds to minutes in combination with quantum chemical calculations. We conclude that one photon of 540 nm light produces two rhodamine 6G radicals. The lifetime of the photoexcited radicals of around 350 fs is too short to allow diffusion‐controlled interaction with a substrate. A fraction of the excited radicals ionize spontaneously, presumably producing solvated electrons. This decay produces hot rhodamine 6G and hot rhodamine 6G radicals, which cool with a time constant of around 10 ps. In the absence of a substrate, the ejected electrons recombine with rhodamine 6G and recover the radical on a timescale of nanoseconds. Photocatalytic reactions occur only upon excitation of the rhodamine 6G radical, and due to its short excited‐state lifetime, the electron transfer to the substrate probably takes place through the generation of solvated electrons as an additional step in the proposed photochemical mechanism.
Aqueous Chemical Solution Deposition of Functional Double Perovskite Epitaxial Thin Films
Authors: Wang Hailin , Frontera Carlos , Herrero‐Martín Javier , Pomar Alberto , Roura Pere , Martínez Benjamín , Mestres Narcis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDouble perovskite structure (A2BB′O6) oxides exhibit a breadth of multifunctional properties with a huge potential range of applications in fields as diverse as spintronics, magneto‐optic devices, or catalysis, and most of these applications require the use of thin films and heterostructures. Chemical solution deposition techniques are appearing as a very promising methodology to achieve epitaxial oxide thin films combining high performance with high throughput and low cost. In addition, the physical properties of these materials are strongly dependent on the ordered arrangement of cations in the double perovskite structure. Thus, promoting spontaneous cationic ordering has become a relevant issue. In this work, our recent achievements by using polymer‐assisted deposition (PAD) of environmentally friendly, water‐based solutions for the growth of epitaxial ferromagnetic insulating double perovskite La2CoMnO6 and La2NiMnO6 thin films on SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 single‐crystal substrates are presented. It is shown that the particular crystallization and growth process conditions of PAD (very slow rate, close to thermodynamic equilibrium conditions) promote high crystallinity and quality of the films, as well as favors spontaneous B‐site cationic ordering.
A Novel One‐Day Learning Procedure for Mice
Authors: Darvas Martin , Mukherjee Kishore , Lee Amanda , Ladiges Warren 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCurrent preclinical cognitive assessments are highly time intensive, with lengthy assessment procedures. In this regard, a single‐day assay that focuses just on assessing learning behavior in a time‐effective and relatable manner would be of value. This article describes the box maze as a short‐term behavioral procedure to measure learning in mice. The protocol consists of allowing mice to explore an enclosed space that has eight holes. One of these holes leads to a tunnel that connects to an escape cage, and the latency to enter this escape hole is recorded for each mouse. Mice are tested four times within a single day, and the decrease in escape latency over time is used as a measure of learning. Age is a factor that affects escape latency in the box maze. Hence, the box‐maze procedure is proposed as an efficient test to probe aging and aging intervention–related research questions. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Region based coronary artery segmentation using modified Frangi's vesselness measure
Authors: Sukanya Arumugham , Rajeswari Rajendran , Subramaniam Murugan Kamatchigounder 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent research suggests that the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), seem to be the foremost cause of mortality among the world populace. Three dimensional (3D) imaging modality such as computed tomography angiography(CTA) is a standard noninvasive imaging modality which has great potentials for the visualization of heart and coronary arteries. This article presents a fully automated method for coronary artery extraction using modified Frangi's vesselness measure and region based segmentation. In this article, grayness and gradient based measures are used while computing Frangi's vesselness measure to improve the extraction of coronary arteries. The obtained vesselness measures are utilized for automatically computing the location of ostia. The locations of ostia are then used as starting seed points in region growing segmentation to extract coronary arteries. Three major coronary arteries, namely the left anterior descending artery (LAD), left circumflex artery (LCX) and right coronary artery (RCA) are segmented using the proposed method and the centerlines are extracted for the main coronary branches. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using 12 3D CCTA data set. The experimental results reveal that during the calculation of modified Frangi's vesselness measure the proposed method gives improved results. The qualitative results obtained during the segmentation stage are also convincing. The average segmentation accuracy and overlap measure of the proposed method are 97.4% and 77.86%, respectively. Hence, the proposed automated approach can detect and extract coronary arteries in CCTA images with high performance.
Meiotic block with roscovitine improves competence of porcine oocytes by fine‐tuning activities of different cyclin‐dependent kinases
Authors: Zhu Shuai , Jia Ying‐Jun , Pan Liu‐Zhu , Gong Shuai , Sun Ming‐Ju , Wang Guo‐Liang , Luo Ming‐Jiu , Tan Jing‐He 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSuccessful use of oocytes from small follicles (SFs) is of great importance for animal embryo production and human in vitro fertilization with reduced hormone‐related side effects. How in vitro meiotic arrest maintenance (MAM) increases the competence of oocytes is not clear. In this study, pig oocytes recovered from SF of 1–2 mm and medium‐follicles (MF) of 3–6 mm in diameter from abattoir ovaries were treated by various MAM treatments to improve their competence. The results showed that 25 µM roscovitine or 1 mM db‐cAMP efficiently blocked germinal vesicle breakdown in both SF and MF oocytes suggesting a similar cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 1 level between the two oocyte groups. MAM with 15‐ and 25‐µM roscovitine alone or with 1‐mM db‐cAMP improved competence of SF and MF oocytes, respectively, with a promoted chromatin configuration transition from surrounded nucleoli (SN) to re‐decondensation (RDC) pattern that supported substantial gene transcription. However, MAM with db‐cAMP alone or with higher concentrations of roscovitine did not improve oocyte competence, could not support an SN‐to‐RDC transition, and/or evoked a premature chromatin condensation (PMC) that suppressed gene transcription. Both CDK2 and CDK5 contents were higher (p < .05) in MF than in SF oocytes. It is concluded that the competence of pig oocytes, particularly that of SF oocytes can be improved by MAM using a proper roscovitine concentration that promotes gene transcription by inhibiting CDK5 while letting CDK2 off to prevent PMC.
Chemiluminescence‐Induced Free Radical–Promoted Cationic Polymerization
Authors: Zhu Junzhe , Zhu Ye , Li Zhiquan , Yu Zihang , Guan Xin , Liu Ren , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChemiluminescence (CL) has recently been featured as a new external light source for various photoinduced reactions with attractive features such as eliminating continuous energy supply and advanced light source setups. In the present study, the free‐radical‐promoted cationic polymerization of cyclohexene oxide, n‐butyl vinyl ether, and N‐vinyl carbazole under CL irradiation is described. The method is based on the visible‐light‐induced generation of electron donor radicals from bis‐(4‐methoxybenzoyl)diethyl germane (BAG), bis(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl) phenyl phosphinate, and camphorquinone by CL illumination followed by electron transfer to diphenyl iodonium hexafluorophosphate (Ph2I+PF6−) to form corresponding cations capable of initiating cationic polymerization. The applicability of the process to network formation is also demonstrated by using a bifunctional monomer, tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether.
Synthesis and Characterization of Pressure Resistant Agent with Double‐Layer Core/Shell Hollow‐Structure for Emulsion Explosive
Authors: Fang Hua , Cheng Yang‐Fan , Tao Chen , Yao Yu‐Le , Ma Hong‐Hao , Han Ti‐Fei , Shen Zhao‐Wu , Chen Yuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA novel pressure resistant agent (PRA) for emulsion explosive was prepared by a high‐speed shear mixer with cenospheres, Al2(SO4)3, NaHCO3 and hydrophobic nano‐silica as the raw materials. The structural features of the PRAs were characterized using a scanning electron microscope, a laser particle size analyzer and an optical microscope, and the experimental results showed that the PRAs were ellipsoidal microspheres with an average particle size of 200 μm and had double‐layer core/shell hollow‐structures. The inner hollow shell of the microsphere could serve as sensitizing bubble when it was undamaged whatever the status of outer shell, and once it was broken, the materials in the outer and inner shells would react with each other and generate new sensitizing bubbles in emulsion explosive. The brisance and underwater explosion experimental results showed that when the addition of PRAs was determined to be 2 mass %, the resistance to dynamic pressure of emulsion explosive sensitized by glass microsphere (GM) would be improved significantly without affecting its power. The lead column compression of GM‐2 mass % PRAs sensitized emulsion explosive was 16.05 mm, which was close to that of GM sensitized emulsion explosive. When compressed by a RDX booster underwater at the distances of 25 and 75 cm, the dynamic pressure resistance ability of GM‐2 mass % PRAs sensitized emulsion explosive would increase by 56.54 and 62.07 %, respectively, compared to that of GM sensitized emulsion explosive at the same compression distance. This novel PRA provided double protections for improving the pressure resistant properties of emulsion explosives, especially in the condition of dynamic pressure compression.
SINGV‐DA: A data assimilation system for convective‐scale numerical weather prediction over Singapore
Authors: Heng B. C. Peter , Tubbs Robert , Huang Xiang‐Yu , Macpherson Bruce , Barker Dale M. , Boyd Douglas F. A. , Kelly Graeme , North Rachel , Stewart Laura , Webster Stuart , Wlasak Marek 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSINGV‐DA is a convective‐scale numerical weather prediction system with regional data assimilation for Singapore and the surrounding region. This article documents SINGV‐DA's current operational configuration and the sensitivity studies that influenced its development. We show that background error covariances derived by bootstrapping (via the lagged National Meteorological Centre method) contain spurious vertical structures at higher model levels that may degrade forecast performance. We found that SINGV‐DA precipitation forecasts are sensitive to horizontal resolution and lateral boundary conditions. Our observing system experiments reveal that satellite radiance assimilation, while clearly beneficial for precipitation forecasts in this region, adversely affected model background temperatures and winds at higher altitudes. Benchmarked against the forecast model in isolation, the regional DA system adds significant value to precipitation forecasts in the nowcasting range, but not at longer lead times. Our findings point to the need for further research and development to improve the system.
Dependability‐based cluster weighting in clustering ensemble
Authors: Najafi Fatemeh , Parvin Hamid , Mirzaie Kamal , Nejatian Samad , Rezaie Vahideh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAfter observing the ensemble success in supervised learning (such as classification), it was extended into unsupervised learning. Therefore, cluster ensemble, which merges multiple basic data partitions or clusters (called as ensemble pool) into an ordinarily better clustering solution usually named as consensus partition, emerged. Any cluster ensemble method tries to optimize a particular criterion during extracting the consensus partition out of the ensemble pool. But traditional cluster ensembles consider all the pool members with the equal importance in making the consensus partition; that is to say that each basic partition or cluster participates in the cluster ensemble algorithm equivalently. Indeed, they ignore to consider any ensemble member according to its importance. But it is obvious that some clusters with more quality deserve more emphasis and some clusters with less quality deserve less emphasis during generating consensus partition. This paper proposes (a) a metric to evaluate quality of any arbitrary cluster, (b) a mechanism to project the computed quality of a cluster into a meaningful weight value, and (c) an approach to apply the weight values of the basic clusters in the cluster ensemble process. Experimental results conducted on a number of real‐world standard datasets indicate that the proposed method outperforms the state of the art methods.