bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Donor Cytomegalovirus Transmission Patterns in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With Primary Infection
Authors: Hasing Maria E , Pang Xiaoli L , Mabilangan Curtis , Preiksaitis Jutta K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
The epidemiology of single versus multiple cytomegalovirus (CMV) strain transmission from donor (D+) to seronegative solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients (R−) is uncertain, as is whether “relapsing” recipient infection represents changing strain predominance when multiple strains are transmitted. Here we characterized CMV strain transmission patterns in D+/R− SOT recipients.

Methods
We studied pairs or groups of D+/R− SOT recipients who received organs from a common donor (group A) and recipients who experienced ≥2 waves of CMV DNAemia (group B). CMV in plasma was characterized by genotype-specific real-time PCR for genes gB and gH.

Results
Single concordant genotypes were identified in 12 of 18 recipient pairs/group sharing a common donor (group A); at least 6 of 18 (33%) donors transmitted &gt; 1 strain. A single CMV strain was detected in 14 of 15 recipients in group B; only 1 recipient had coinfection. A shift in CMV strain predominance occurred after the first posttransplant year in at least 4 recipients with coinfection.

Conclusions
Using a common donor approach, we confirmed that multiple CMV strain transmission from donors to R− SOT recipients is not uncommon. D+/R− SOT recipients with CMV coinfection can undergo changes in strain predominance in late waves of CMV DNAemia.
Improving the quality of mortality review equity reporting: Development of an indigenous Māori responsiveness rubric
Authors: Wilson Denise , Crengle Sue , Cram Fiona 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
To improve consistency in New Zealand’s Mortality Review Committees’ (MRCs) analysis, interpretation and recommendations, specifically related to equity and Māori (the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand) mortality.

Design
A qualitative Plan-Do-Check-Act design informed by Māori expertise to develop a rubric and guidelines. The rubric and guidelines aimed to improve MRCs’ capability to analyse mortality data, its interpretation and the recommendations for preventing deaths.

Setting
New Zealand’s MRCs make recommendations to address preventable deaths. Variation existed between the MRCs’ understanding of equity, and its application to reduce avoidable mortality for Māori, which subsequently influenced their analysis, reporting and the recommendations generated. Improving the quality and robustness of MRCs’ recommendations and reporting are crucial for improving equity.

Participants
Māori Caucus (comprising MRC members with Māori health and wellbeing expertise) designed the rubric and guidelines with input from the secretariat and other MRC Chairs and members.

Intervention(s)
None.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
None.

Results
The rubric comprises four key ‘pou’ (metaphorical posts or domains) ‘Tika’ (doing things right); ‘Manaakitanga’ (caring compassionately); ‘Mana’ (status, authority); and ‘Mahi tahi’ (working collaboratively); and criteria for three levels of practice. Evaluation of the efficacy of the use of the rubric and its implementation showed further education and support was required.

Conclusions
A shared understanding of equity about mortality is required. Effective implementation of a quality-based rubric into practice requires careful planning and ongoing education and support for staff and committee members at multiple levels. Follow-up support is needed to support its implementation into practice.
Biological, Ecological, and Distributional Aspects of Two Native Species of Lucilia Genus (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of Forensic Interest in Yungas Environments of Argentina
Authors: Acosta X , González-Reyes A X , Centeno N D , Corronca J A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study determined the spatial and temporal dynamics of two native neotropical species flies of forensic interest, belonging to the Lucilia (Robineau-Desvoidy) genus. The study focused on their abundance and reproductive behaviors associated with different habitats and phenological parameters. In the Province of Salta, Argentina, monthly samplings were performed over 1 yr in urban, rural, and native habitats, at morning, mid-day, and afternoon periods, controlling the oviposition of captured specimens. Environmental variables were also assessed: cloudiness, precipitation, relative humidity, temperature, and tree cover. Lucilia purpurascens (Walker) appeared to be associated with native habitats, whereas Lucilia ochricornis (Wiedemann) was mainly associated with rural habitats, exhibiting distinct habitat preferences. Two ecotones were also identified: rural–urban and rural–native, suggesting rural habitats promoted habitable conditions at its margins. Both species were recorded at the end of winter to the middle of autumn, with an initial peak in early spring, and a second peak at late summer. These peaks were associated with the highest numbers of laid eggs. Lucilia purpurascens preferred high tree coverings, whereas L. ochricornis resisted areas with intermediate sun, suggesting limited sun exposure was important. The latter was also associated with daily flight activities; during the warm season, the densest catches occurred at morning and afternoon periods, whereas during the cold season, they occurred at mid-day. Climatic variables explained 77% of variability in terms of abundance and oviposition. Synergistic effects were observed between these variables, suggesting that these variables conditioned insect distribution and reproduction, and not just temperature per se.
Distal radial artery ligation for treatment of steal syndrome associated with radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Tolba Mahmoud , Maresch Martin , Kamal Dhafer 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present a case of dialysis associated steal syndrome in a hemodialysis patient with left radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula that caused him severe rest pain. Angiography showed retrograde flow from the ulnar artery to the distal radial artery through a hypertrophied palmar arch. The problem was solved by surgical ligation of the distal radial artery leading to complete relief of patient symptoms without any notable complications.
FAUST I. The hot corino at the heart of the prototypical Class I protostar L1551 IRS5
Authors: Bianchi E , Chandler C J , Ceccarelli C , Codella C , Sakai N , López-Sepulcre A , Maud L T , Moellenbrock G , Svoboda B , Watanabe Y , Sakai T , Ménard F , Aikawa Y , Alves F , Balucani N , Bouvier M , Caselli P , Caux E , Charnley S , Choudhury S , De Simone M , Dulieu F , Durán A , Evans L , Favre C , Fedele D , Feng S , Fontani F , Francis L , Hama T , Hanawa T , Herbst E , Hirota T , Imai M , Isella A , Jiménez-Serra I , Johnstone D , Kahane C , Lefloch B , Loinard L , Maureira M J , Mercimek S , Miotello A , Mori S , Nakatani R , Nomura H , Oba Y , Ohashi S , Okoda Y , Ospina-Zamudio J , Oya Y , Pineda J , Podio L , Rimola A , Segura Cox D , Shirley Y , Taquet V , Testi L , Vastel C , Viti S , Watanabe N , Witzel A , Xue C , Zhang Y , Zhao B , Yamamoto S 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The study of hot corinos in solar-like protostars has been so far mostly limited to the Class 0 phase, hampering our understanding of their origin and evolution. In addition, recent evidence suggests that planet formation starts already during Class I phase, which therefore represents a crucial step in the future planetary system chemical composition. Hence, the study of hot corinos in Class I protostars has become of paramount importance. Here, we report the discovery of a hot corino towards the prototypical Class I protostar L1551 IRS5, obtained within the ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) Large Program FAUST (Fifty AU STudy of the chemistry in the disc/envelope system of solar-like protostars). We detected several lines from methanol and its isotopologues (13CH3OH and CH2DOH), methyl formate, and ethanol. Lines are bright towards the north component of the IRS5 binary system, and a possible second hot corino may be associated with the south component. The methanol lines' non-LTE analysis constrains the gas temperature (∼100 K), density (≥1.5 × 108 cm−3), and emitting size (∼10 au in radius). All CH3OH and 13CH3OH lines are optically thick, preventing a reliable measure of the deuteration. The methyl formate and ethanol relative abundances are compatible with those measured in Class 0 hot corinos. Thus, based on this work, little chemical evolution from Class 0 to I hot corinos occurs.
The cis-regulatory codes of response to combined heat and drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Azodi Christina B , Lloyd John P , Shiu Shin-Han 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPlants respond to their environment by dynamically modulating gene expression. A powerful approach for understanding how these responses are regulated is to integrate information about cis-regulatory elements (CREs) into models called cis-regulatory codes. Transcriptional response to combined stress is typically not the sum of the responses to the individual stresses. However, cis-regulatory codes underlying combined stress response have not been established. Here we modeled transcriptional response to single and combined heat and drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. We grouped genes by their pattern of response (independent, antagonistic and synergistic) and trained machine learning models to predict their response using putative CREs (pCREs) as features (median F-measure = 0.64). We then developed a deep learning approach to integrate additional omics information (sequence conservation, chromatin accessibility and histone modification) into our models, improving performance by 6.2%. While pCREs important for predicting independent and antagonistic responses tended to resemble binding motifs of transcription factors associated with heat and/or drought stress, important synergistic pCREs resembled binding motifs of transcription factors not known to be associated with stress. These findings demonstrate how in silico approaches can improve our understanding of the complex codes regulating response to combined stress and help us identify prime targets for future characterization.
Model-based joint visualization of multiple compositional omics datasets
Authors: Hawinkel Stijn , Bijnens Luc , Cao Kim-Anh Lê , Thas Olivier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe integration of multiple omics datasets measured on the same samples is a challenging task: data come from heterogeneous sources and vary in signal quality. In addition, some omics data are inherently compositional, e.g. sequence count data. Most integrative methods are limited in their ability to handle covariates, missing values, compositional structure and heteroscedasticity. In this article we introduce a flexible model-based approach to data integration to address these current limitations: COMBI. We combine concepts, such as compositional biplots and log-ratio link functions with latent variable models, and propose an attractive visualization through multiplots to improve interpretation. Using real data examples and simulations, we illustrate and compare our method with other data integration techniques. Our algorithm is available in the R-package combi.
Musculoskeletal pain among Finnish orchestra musicians versus core workforce
Authors: Vastamäki M , Ristolainen L , Heliövaara M , Vastamäki H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Professional musicians show a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, but information is limited about prevalence of pain compared to the general populations.

Aims
Our cross-sectional epidemiological study compared the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain between professional orchestra musicians and the working population in Finland.

Methods
Musicians with a permanent contract with all domestic professional symphony and philharmonic orchestras and a population sample of the workforce in Finland completed questionnaires including the same questions on musculoskeletal pain and on various other issues. Cross-sectional data from two population-based and two orchestra-musician studies were analysed by logistic regression model adjusting for confounding factors.

Results
In 2002, 345 musicians completed questionnaires (40% response rate), and in 2010, 195 (23%). The Health 2000 study sample comprised 5956 employed participants and in 2011, 5942. Musicians reported, in 2002 and in 2010, back pain during the past 30 days more often than did controls, 39% versus 27%, adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) 1.5 (1.2–1.9); shoulder pain, 21% versus 9%, 2.6 (1.9–2.5); elbow pain, 14% versus 5%, 2.9 (2.0–4.2); wrist pain 14% versus 7%, 2.2 (1.5–3.1); and finger pain 13% versus 9%, 2.8 (2.0–3.9). Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain increased with age in controls but not in musicians.

Conclusions
Professional orchestra musicians reported more pain in the back and upper extremity than other working people. Future research should focus on explaining differences in the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders between musicians and the general population.
A Harm Reduction Approach to the Ethical Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Weinstock Daniel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The post-confinement phase of the COVID-19 pandemic will require that governments navigate more complex ethical questions than had occurred in the initial, ‘curve-flattening’ phase, and that will occur when the pandemic is in the past. By looking at the unavoidable harms involved in the confinement and quarantine methods employed during the initial phase of the pandemic, we can develop a harm reduction approach to managing the phase during which society will be gradually reopened in a context of managed risk. The principles that are at the heart of such an approach include a reckoning with all of the harms involved in policy choice, including harms that might be given rise to by policy implementation itself; a focus on the harms to which already vulnerable populations are susceptible; and a strong preference for policies that economize on the use of prohibitions and of coercive state enforcement, and that instead emphasize the agency of citizens in realizing health-promoting behavior change. This framework is applied to a policy proposal that has been discussed in policy circles in a number of countries, that of immunity ‘passports’, and to policies that emphasize the creative use of space and time to achieve physical distancing goals.
How Does Household Spending Respond to an Epidemic? Consumption during the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Baker Scott R , Farrokhnia Robert A , Meyer Steffen , Pagel Michaela , Yannelis Constantine 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Utilizing transaction-level financial data, we explore how household consumption responded to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. As case numbers grew and cities and states enacted shelter-in-place orders, Americans began to radically alter their typical spending across a number of major categories. In the first half of March 2020, individuals increased total spending by over 40% across a wide range of categories. This was followed by a decrease in overall spending of 25%–30% during the second half of March coinciding with the disease spreading, with only food delivery and grocery spending as major exceptions to the decline. Spending responded most strongly in states with active shelter-in-place orders, though individuals in all states had sizable responses. We find few differences across individuals with differing political beliefs, but households with children or low levels of liquidity saw the largest declines in spending during the latter part of March.
Investigating Morphological Complexes Using Informational Dissonance and Bayes Factors: A Case Study in Corbiculate Bees
Authors: Porto Diego S , Almeida Eduardo A B , Pennell Matthew W 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is widely recognized that different regions of a genome often have different evolutionary histories and that ignoring this variation when estimating phylogenies can be misleading. However, the extent to which this is also true for morphological data is still largely unknown. Discordance among morphological traits might plausibly arise due to either variable convergent selection pressures or else phenomena such as hemiplasy. Here, we investigate patterns of discordance among 282 morphological characters, which we scored for 50 bee species particularly targeting corbiculate bees, a group that includes the well-known eusocial honeybees and bumblebees. As a starting point for selecting the most meaningful partitions in the data, we grouped characters as morphological modules, highly integrated trait complexes that as a result of developmental constraints or coordinated selection we expect to share an evolutionary history and trajectory. In order to assess conflict and coherence across and within these morphological modules, we used recently developed approaches for computing Bayesian phylogenetic information allied with model comparisons using Bayes factors. We found that despite considerable conflict among morphological complexes, accounting for among-character and among-partition rate variation with individual gamma distributions, rate multipliers, and linked branch lengths can lead to coherent phylogenetic inference using morphological data. We suggest that evaluating information content and dissonance among partitions is a useful step in estimating phylogenies from morphological data, just as it is with molecular data. Furthermore, we argue that adopting emerging approaches for investigating dissonance in genomic datasets may provide new insights into the integration and evolution of anatomical complexes. [Apidae; entropy; morphological modules; phenotypic integration; phylogenetic information.]
Comprehensive Cardiac Rehabilitation Effectiveness in a Middle-Income Setting
Authors: Ghisi Gabriela Lima de Melo , Chaves Gabriela S. S. , Ribeiro Antonio L. , Oh Paul , Britto Raquel R. , Grace Sherry L. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
The impact of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CCR) in Latin America is not well known. Herein, the pre-specified tertiary outcomes of a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) trial are reported: disease-related knowledge, depressive symptoms, and heart-health behaviors (exercise, diet, and smoking).

Methods:
This was a single-blinded, single-center (Brazil) randomized trial with three parallel arms: CCR (exercise + education) versus exercise-only CR versus wait-list control. Eligible patients were randomized in blocks of four with 1:1:1 concealed allocation. The CR program was 6 mo long. Participants randomized to exercise-only CR received 36 exercise classes; the CCR group also received 24 educational sessions, including a workbook. All outcomes were assessed at pre-test and 6-mo later (blinded). Analysis of covariance was performed by intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP).

Results:
A total of 115 (89%) patients were randomized; 93 (81%) were retained. There were significant improvements in knowledge with CCR (ITT [51.2 ± 11.9 pre and 60.8 ± 13.2 post] and PP; P < .01), with significantly greater knowledge with CCR versus control (ITT mean difference [MD] = 9.5, 95% CI, 2.3-16.8) and CCR vs exercise-only CR at post-test (ITT MD = 6.8, 95% CI, 0.3-14.0). There were also significant improvements in self-reported exercise with CCR (ITT [13.7 ± 15.8 pre and 32.1 ± 2 5.7 post] and PP; P < .001), with significantly greater exercise with CCR versus control at post-test (ITT MD = 7.6, 95% CI, 3.8-11.4). Also, there were significant improvements in diet with CCR (PP: 3.4 ± 7.5 pre and 8.0 ± 7.0 post; P < .05).

Conclusions:
In this first-ever randomized trial of CR for coronary artery disease in Latin America, the benefits of CCR have been supported.
Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability and renal outcomes: results from ONTARGET and TRANSCEND trials
Authors: Mancia Giuseppe , Schumacher Helmut , Böhm Michael , Mann Johannes F.E. , Redon Josep , Facchetti Rita , Schmieder Roland E. , Lonn Eva M. , Teo Koon K. , Yusuf Salim 
Published: July 2020

Aims:
There is conflicting evidence on whether in treated hypertensive patients the risk of renal outcomes is associated with visit-to-visit SBP variability. Furthermore, limited evidence is available on how important is SBP variability for prediction of renal outcomes compared with on-treatment mean SBP. We addressed these issues in 28 790 participants of the Ongoing Treatment Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global End point Trial and Telmisartan Randomized AssessmeNt Study in ACE iNtolerant Subjects with Cardiovascular Disease trials.

Methods and results:
SBP variability was expressed as the coefficient of variation of the mean with which it showed no relationship. SBP variability and mean values were obtained from five visits during the first 2 years of treatment after the end of the titration phase. Incidence of several renal outcomes (end-stage renal disease, doubling of serum creatinine, new microalbuminuria, new macroalbuminuria and their composite) was calculated from the third year of treatment onward. Patients were divided in quintiles of SBP-coefficient of variation (SBP-CV) or mean SBP, which exhibited superimposable mean blood pressure and SBP-CV values, respectively. A progressive increase of SBP-CV was not accompanied by a parallel increase in a widely adjusted (baseline and on-treatment confounders) risk of most renal outcomes (end-stage renal disease, new macroalbuminuria, new microalbuminuria and their composite) in the subsequent on-treatment years. In contrast, the adjusted risk of most renal outcomes increased progressively from the lowest to the highest quintile of on-treatment mean SBP. Progression from lowest to highest mean on-treatment SBP, but not SBP-CV, was also associated with a less frequent return to normoalbuminuria in patients with initial micro or macroalbuminuria. Renal outcome prediction was slightly improved by the combined use of SBP-CV and mean SBP quintiles.

Conclusion:
Visit-to-visit SBP variability had no major predictive value for the risk of renal outcomes, which, in contrast, was sensitively predicted by mean on-treatment SBP. A further slight increase in prediction of renal outcomes was seen by combining on-treatment mean SBP and variability.
Teleophthalmology: an essential tool in the era of the novel coronavirus 2019
Authors: Kalavar Meghana , Hua Hong-Uyen , Sridhar Jayanth 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
The aim of this article is to assess the current state of teleophthalmology given the sudden surge in telemedicine demand in response to the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).

Recent findings
Recommendations and policies from government and national health organizations, combined with social distancing, have led to exponential increases in telemedicine use. Teleophthalmology can be integrated into ophthalmic care delivery. In the emergency room, teleophthalmology can be utilized to triage patients and diagnose common ophthalmic eye diseases. Ophthalmology practices can utilize real-time medicine to conduct many parts of an in-person exam. In cases where more complex diagnostic tools are warranted, a model incorporating telemedicine and focused in-person visits may still be beneficial. Innovative technologies emerging in the market allow for increased remote monitoring, screening, and management of adult and pediatric patients for common eye diseases.

Summary
COVID-19 created a demand for healthcare delivery that limits in-person examination and potential viral exposure. Teleophthalmology allows ophthalmologists to continue caring for patients while keeping physicians and patients safe. Although challenges still exist, the pandemic has accelerated the adoption of teleophthalmology. As a result, teleophthalmology will play an integral role in providing high-quality efficient care in the near future.