PERAN PERIKANAN TANGKAP SKALA KECIL DALAM PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN DI ‘WERU KOMPLEK’, KABUPATEN LAMONGAN
Authors: Wardono Budi , Muslih Toha 
Published: June 2020

Pengembangan perikanan skala kecil diarahkan untuk menciptakan keterkaitan yang kuat dengan sektor lain. Keterkaitan untuk peningkatan nilai tambah, penyerapan tenaga kerja dan peningkatan pendapatan yang akhirnya mampu menumbuhkan perekonomian lokal. Selama ini peranan tengkulak masih sangat dominan, di sisi lain peranan istri/wanita nelayan semakin penting. Istri nelayan nelayan memainkan peranan dalam pengelolaan hasil usaha penangkapan. Semakin pentingnya peranan istri nelayan dalam pengelolaan usaha penangkapan dapat mengurangi dominasi tengkulak/’langgan’ dalam sistem bisnis perikanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peranan perikanan kecil dan peran “mapak” oleh istri nelayan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kawasan Weru Komplek, Kecamatan Paciran, Kabupaten Lamongan, pada bulan Januari-April tahun 2015 dan November 2019. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer pelaku usaha yang meliputi usaha penangkapan, pemasaran, pengolahan produk dan peranan “mapak” istri nelayan dalam manajemen usaha. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, hasilnya dalam bentuk tabel dan gambar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik nelayan dan kondisi sumberdaya menentukan perilaku terhadap pemanfaatan sumberdaya. Interaksi tersebut sebagai sumber kegiatan ekonomi yang mampu mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi lokal. Perikanan skala kecil mampu menjadi penggerak perekonomian wilayah di Weru komplek melalui kemampuannya menggerakkan keterkaitan ke belakang dan kedepan (upstream dan downstream). “Mapak” merupakan peran yang dilakukan Isteri nelayan dalam manajemen usaha hasil penangkapan yaitu melakukan grading, pemasaran, pengolahan produk dan yang paling utama adalah pengelolaan keuangan hasil usaha. Istri nelayan/wanita nelayan juga memainkan peranan dalam pembentukan modal melalui arisan, tabungan dan permodalan KUR. Keberhasilan istri nelayan/wanita nelayan menjalankan fungsi “mapak” mampu mengurangi dominasi peran tengkulak/langgan dalam usaha perikanan. Tittle: Role of Small-scale Fishery in the Regional Development of ‘Weru Complex’, Lamongan RegencySmall-scale fisheries development is directed to create strong linkages with other sectors. Linkages to increase added value, employment and incomes are ultimately expected to grow local economy. By far, middlemen have been playing dominant role, but on the other hand, the role of both fishers’ wives and women fishers have been increasingly significant. These women contributed to the management of fishing results. The more significant of their role the more reducing the dominance of middlemen in the fisheries business system. The research objective was to analyze the role of small-scale fisheries and the role of “mapak” by fishers’ wives. The study was conducted in Weru Complex, Paciran Subdistrict, Lamongan District, in January to April 2015 and November 2019. The study used primary data that were collected from business actors from fishing, marketing, product processing sector and the role of “mapak” in business management. Data were analyzed with descriptive method, and the results were described in tables and figures. The results suggested that fishers’ characteristics and resources condition determine the behaviour towards resources. This interaction is a source of economic activity which is able to encourage local economic growth. Small-scale fisheries is able to drive regional economic in Weru complex through its ability to move backward and forward linkages (upstream and downstream). “Mapak” is the role of fishers’ wives in the management of fish caught including grading, marketing, product processing and especially in the financial management of the activities. Furthermore, they also contribute to capital arrangement through social gathering, savings, and bank capital. Their succeed role eventually reduce the dominance of the role of middlemen/customers in fishery business.