bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal and cord plasma branched‐chain amino acids and child risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: a prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Anand Neha S. , Ji Yuelong , Wang Guoying , Hong Xiumei , van der Rijn Madeleine , Riley Anne , Pearson Colleen , Zuckerman Barry , Wang Xiaobin 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundBranched‐chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, isoleucine, and valine) are essential amino acids involved in biological functions of brain development and recently linked with autism. However, their role in attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not well‐studied. We investigated individual and combined relationships of maternal plasma and newborn cord plasma BCAAs with childhood development of ADHD.MethodsWe utilized the Boston Birth Cohort, a predominantly urban, low‐income, US minority population. Child developmental outcomes were defined in three mutually exclusive groups – ADHD, neurotypical (NT), or other developmental disabilities based on physician diagnoses per ICD‐9 or 10 in medical records. The final sample included 626 children (299 ADHD, 327 NT) excluding other developmental disabilities. BCAAs were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. We used factor analysis to create composite scores of maternal and cord BCAA, which we divided into tertiles. Logistic regressions analyzed relationships between maternal or cord BCAA tertiles with child ADHD risk, controlling for maternal race, age, parity, smoking, education, low birth weight, preterm birth, and child sex. Additionally, we analyzed maternal and cord plasma BCAAs jointly on child ADHD risk.ResultsAdjusted logistic regression found significantly increased odds of child ADHD diagnosis for the second (OR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.54, p = .032) and third tertiles (OR 2.01, 95% CI: 1.28, 3.15, p = .002) of cord BCAA scores compared to the first tertile. This finding held for the third tertile when further adjusting for maternal BCAA score. There was no significant association between maternal BCAA score and child ADHD risk, nor a significant interaction between maternal and cord BCAA scores.ConclusionsIn this prospective US birth cohort, higher cord BCAA levels were associated with a greater risk of developing ADHD in childhood. These results have implications for further research into mechanisms of ADHD development and possible early life screening and interventions.
Hydrological connectivity drives longitudinal movement of endangered endemic Chilean darter Percilia irwini (Eigenmann, 1927)
Authors: Vivancos Aurélien , Górski Konrad , Manosalva Aliro , Toledo Barbara , Reid Malcolm , Habit Evelyn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMovement is a fundamental aspect of fish ecology, and it therefore represents an important trait to monitor for the management and conservation of fish populations. This is especially true for small benthic fish, as they often inhabit part of the catchment where their movement may be restricted by alterations to river connectivity due to human activity. Still, the movement of these small benthic fish remains poorly understood, partly because of their small size and their cryptic nature. This applies to Percilia irwini, an endangered small darter native to the south‐central region of Chile. Its habitat has been affected by the presence of large hydroelectric dams and is currently threatened by the construction of several others. In this study, the authors investigated movement patterns of P. irwini from populations inhabiting different parts of the Biobío catchment, with different levels of connectivity due to natural and/or human‐induced features. The authors combined chronological clustering with random forest classification to reconstruct lifelong movements from multi‐elemental otolith microchemistry transects. The majority of the movements detected occurred in an undisturbed part of the catchment. These were directional upstream movements occurring between capture sites from the lower and the middle reaches of the river, representing a distance of nearly 30 km, a distance much larger than previously thought. Nonetheless, in the part of the catchment where connectivity was affected by human activity, no such movements were identified. This study shows that connectivity alteration could impede naturally occurring movement and further threaten the resilience of populations of P. irwini. Furthermore, the results presented are used to discuss advantages and disadvantages of microchemistry analysis for studying movement of small benthic fish.
Encapsulation of Clitoria ternatea extract in liposomes by synergistic combination of probe‐type ultrasonication and high‐pressure processing
Authors: Chen Hua Wei , Chang Yu Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClitoria ternatea petals are commonly used in health drinks and natural food colorants due to their antioxidant and antibacterial effects, as well as preventing cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the extract of Clitoria ternatea petals obtained under different temperature conditions was analyzed for their antioxidant components (polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins) and their antioxidant capacity (DPPH free‐radical scavenging rate). The effects of the homogenization mode, ratio of lecithin to cholesterol, extract concentration of Clitoria ternatea petals, and extraction temperature on the diameter and uniform of liposome were also investigated to protect their active biological activities. Furthermore, the objective of this study was to improve the homogeneous size distribution of liposomes by probe‐type ultrasonication and high‐pressure processing (HPP) under the effect of pressure through hydrostatic pressure. The results showed that the extract of Clitoria ternatea petals for the best antioxidant effect was obtained at 50°C. According to the results of the Taguchi method, the optimal liposome particle size was the 1:0.15 ratio of lecithin to cholesterol, extract concentration was 0.7%, using the homogenization mode of the probe‐type ultrasonication. As a result, HPP was first employed as a useful method for the preparation of liposome and the improvement of particle size and polydispersity index via the preprocessing of probe sonication and showed considerable promise for use in encapsulation in the dairy beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
Association of Positive Delirium Screening with Incident Dementia in Skilled Nursing Facilities
Authors: Briesacher Becky A. , Koethe Benjamin , Olivieri‐Mui Brianne , Saczynski Jane S. , Fick Donna Marie , Devlin John W. , Marcantonio Edward R. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEEarly detection of delirium in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) is a priority. The extent to which delirium screening leads to a potentially inappropriate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) is unknown.DESIGNNationwide retrospective cohort study from 2011 to 2013.SETTINGAn SNF.PARTICIPANTSA total of 1,175,550 Medicare enrollees who entered the SNF from a hospital and had no prior diagnosis of dementia.EXPOSUREA positive screen for delirium using the validated Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), performed as part of the federally mandated Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessment.MEASUREMENTSIncident all‐cause dementia, ascertained throughInternational Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision(ICD‐9), diagnosis in Medicare claims or active diagnoses in MDS.RESULTSPositive screening for delirium was identified in 7.7% of cases (n = 90,449), and most occurred within the first 7 days of SNF admission (62.5%). The overall incidence of ADRD was 6.3% (n = 73,542). Nearly all new diagnoses of ADRD (93.5%) occurred within the first 30 days of SNF admission. Patients who screened CAM positive for delirium had a nearly threefold increased risk of receiving an incident ADRD diagnosis on the same day (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.50–4.63). Among patients who screened CAM positive for delirium, those who were cognitively intact or had mild cognitive impairments were, on average, six times more likely to receive an incident ADRD diagnosis (HR = 6.64; 95% CI = 1.76–25.0) relative to those testing CAM negative.CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCEAmong older adults not previously diagnosed with dementia, a positive screen for delirium was significantly associated with higher risk of ADRD diagnosis after admission to a SNF. This risk was highest for patients in the first days of their stay and with the least cognitive impairment, suggesting that the ADRD diagnosis was potentially inappropriate.
The transition debate in Brazilian history: The bourgeois paradigm and its critique
Authors: Salgado Pedro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe origins of capitalism in Brazil have been traditionally overlooked by the literature on its developmental trajectory, either considered as an outcome of colonial exploitation or described through a broad notion of ‘bourgeois revolution’. The recent discussion between the consequentialist interpretation of bourgeois revolutions and the Political Marxist critique of the bourgeois paradigm allows for a reassessment of these narratives, with a stronger emphasis on the specific disputes of early‐20th‐century Brazil. In this paper, I engage with Florestan Fernandes as the main representative of the bourgeois paradigm within Brazil. As an alternative, I present a reassessment of the ‘capitalist transition’ understood as a set of social property relations organised around market dependency. By tracing this form of market dependency through Brazilian historiography, I present a narrative that posits the development of capitalism in Brazil through the nonrevolutionary rise of an industrial bourgeoisie during the Old Republic and the competing strategies of declining (British) and rising (US/Germany) financial imperialism in the 1920s. Therefore, it highlights the role of (geo)political disputes by pointing towards the policy changes introduced by the Vargas regime in the 1930s as a key factor in the transition to capitalism in Brazil.
How federally insured reverse mortgages affect the credit outcomes of older adults
Authors: Moulton Stephanie , Haurin Donald , Dodini Samuel , Schmeiser Maximilian D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study examines how the extraction of home equity through the federally insured Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM) affects the credit outcomes of older adults. We use data from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York/Equifax Consumer Credit Panel, supplemented with a unique credit panel data set of reverse mortgage borrowers. Using matched sample difference‐in‐differences with individual fixed effects, we estimate credit outcomes for older adults who borrowed through a HECM between 2008 and 2011, relative to older homeowners not borrowing from home equity. Our results indicate that the HECM is associated with a short‐term reduction in revolving credit card debt, as well as a reduction in the probability of bankruptcy. We find some evidence of heterogeneous treatment effects, where older adults with higher levels of consumer debt prior to originating a HECM experience larger subsequent declines in debt, increases in credit score, and steeper reductions in bankruptcy rates.
The experiences of living with a transplanted kidney from a deceased donor
Authors: Petre Oana A. , Crăciun Irina C. , Băban Adriana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundKidney transplantation is considered an optimal treatment option for patients with end‐stage kidney disease in terms of survival rate, quality of life and cost‐effectiveness. However, posttransplant life involves many medical, psychological and social challenges for transplant recipients. Understanding individuals' challenges and needs after transplantation is a prerequisite for developing effective patient education and self‐management programmes.ObjectiveTo explore how individuals experience life with a transplanted kidney from a deceased donor.MethodsThe purposive sample included eight kidney transplant recipients. In‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.FindingThree main themes emerged from the data and each one presents a certain aspect of the posttransplant experience: an inner struggle to find a new normality (personal level), me and the others (relational level) and only between me, my donor and god (spiritual level).ConclusionThe experience of receiving a kidney from a deceased donor represents a complex psychological challenge for recipients. The study is unique as it shows the spiritual dimension of the transplantation experience and how the recipients' views on transplantation and organ donation are shaped by their religious and cultural background, indicating the importance of a holistic nursing approach.
GEOPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SANGU GAS FIELD, OFFSHORE, BANGLADESH: CONSTRAINTS ON RESERVOIRS
Authors: Shahriar Md. Upal , Hossain Delwar , Hossain Md. Sakawat , Rahman M. Julleh Jalalur , Kamruzzaman  
Published: September 2020

The only produced offshore gas field in Bangladesh, known as the Sangu field, is located in the Hatiya Trough in the east of the Bay of Bengal, and has estimated total reserves of about 1055 BCF GIIP. The early shut‐down of the field in October 2013 may have resulted in significant volumes of recoverable gas being left in the subsurface over a depth range of 1893 m to 3640 m. In this paper, seismic and well log data were analyzed and interpreted in order to investigate the structure and stratigraphy of the Sangu field, together with the lithology, extent and petrophysical properties of the reservoir. The general lithostratigraphy at Sangu has some similarity to that of the Surma Basin of the Bengal Foredeep. Reservoir rocks consist of Miocene and Pliocene deltaic sandstones and deep‐water clastics. The source rock is the Miocene Bhuban Shale which is mature for gas generation in the Hatiya Trough.Three Neogene seismic stratigraphic megasequences were recognised at Sangu and are interpreted to have been deposited respectively in fluvial, delta front and shelf slope or marginal marine settings. Based on an analysis of wireline logs from wells Sangu‐1 and Sangu‐5 and on seismic‐to‐well ties, a series of reservoir units referred to (from the base up) as the T1 (E, D, C, A&B), Supra‐T1, T2 and T3 have been identified. Petrophysical analyses showed that the average total porosity of these reservoir units is >13%, the permeability is in general less than10 mD, and the gas saturation ranges from 24% to 80%. Mapping of the reservoirs shows that the structure at Sangu is an asymmetric anticline with a NNW‐SSE axial trend. Amplitude data have allowed the delineation of two other potential reservoir zones in the field at depths of 2900‐3000 m and 3550‐3750 m. The study will contribute to future offshore gas exploration and development in the Bay of Bengal region based on the geological and geophysical characteristics of the reservoirs delineated.
Extensive Miocene speciation in and out of Indochina: The biogeographic history of Typhonium sensu stricto (Araceae) and its implication for the assembly of Indochina flora
Authors: Low Shook Ling , Yu Chih‐Chieh , Ooi Im Hin , Eiadthong Wichan , Galloway Alan , Zhou Zhe‐Kun , Xing Yao‐Wu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Asian paleotropical flora is characterized by abundance of endemic species, high biodiversity, and complex geological and climatic histories. However, the main driving mechanism underlying such high tropical biodiversity remains unclear. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the biogeographic origin of the Asian paleotropical flora by tracking the speciation and diversification history of a typical tropical perennial, Typhonium sensu stricto (s.s.) (Araceae), using a time‐calibrated whole‐plastome phylogeny. In particular, we tested whether the Asian paleotropic region is a macroevolutionary source or sink. We observed that Typhonium s.s. originated in Indochina during the early–middle Miocene epoch, ca. 17.24 Ma (95% highest posterior density [HPD]: 12.83 ̶ 21.99 Ma). Most of the in situ diversification within the genus Typhonium s.s. has been underway since 14.73 Ma, with an accelerated lineage diversification at ca. 15−17 Ma, which may have been triggered by the intensification of the Asian monsoon system around the middle Miocene. Furthermore, the underground tuberous stem of Typhonium s.s. might have played an essential role in the adaptation to the seasonality caused by the monsoon in Indochina. Our results also suggested that peripatric speciation may be important in the diversification of T. trilobatum and T. roxburghii. This study provides a framework for studies in biogeography and evolution of the Asian paleotropical flora.
Agreement of 2 electrolyte analyzers for identifying electrolyte and acid‐base disorders in sick horses
Authors: Gomez Diego E. , Buczinski Sébastien , Darby Shannon , Palmisano Megan , Beatty Sarah S. K. , Mackay Robert J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundUse of different analyzers to measure electrolytes in the same horse can lead to different interpretation of acid‐base balance when using the simplified strong ion difference (sSID) approach.ObjectiveInvestigate the level of agreement between 2 analyzers in determining electrolytes concentrations,sSID variables, and acid‐base disorders in sick horses.AnimalsOne hundred twenty‐four hospitalized horses.MethodsRetrospective study using paired samples. Electrolytes were measured using a Beckman Coulter AU480 Chemistry analyzer (PBMA) and a Nova Biomedical Stat Profile (WBGA), respectively. CalculatedsSID variables included strong ion difference, SID4; unmeasured strong ions, USI; and total nonvolatile buffer ion concentration in plasma (Atot). Agreement between analyzers was explored using Passing‐Bablok regression and Bland‐Altman analysis. Kappa (κ) test evaluated the level of agreement between analyzers in detecting acid‐base disorders.ResultsMethodologic differences were identified in measured Na+and Cl−and calculated values of SID4and USI. Mean bias (95% limits of agreement) for Na+, Cl−, SID4, and USI were: −1.2 mmol/L (−9.2 to 6.8), 4.4 mmol/L (−4.4 to 13), −5.4 mmol/L (−13 to 2), and −6.2 mmol/L (−14 to 1.7), respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient for SID4and USI was .55 (95%CI: −0.2 to 0.8) and .2 (95%CI: −0.15 to 0.48), respectively. There was a poor agreement between analyzers for detection of SID4(κ = 0.20, 95%CI, 0.1 to 0.31) or USI abnormalities (κ = −0.04, 95%CI, −0.11 to 0.02).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDifferences between analyzer methodology in measuring electrolytes led to a poor agreement between the diagnosis of acid‐base disorders in sick horses when using thesSID approach.
Species and functional plant diversity enhance ecosystem functions in the central Monte desert
Authors: Chaves Jimena E. , Aranibar Julieta N. , Gatica Gabriel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQuestionsNiche complementarity has been proposed as the underlying mechanism for optimizing resource use of plants in diverse ecosystems, usually associated with their functional traits and not with the species number per se. Our main questions were: (a) does species diversity optimize the use of resources in arid ecosystems; (b) is there redundancy of species in the use of water and nutrients; and (c) what diversity components most affect ecosystem functions of water regulation and material cycling?LocationCentral Monte desert, Argentina.MethodsWe selected vegetation patches with different species (SD) and functional diversities (FD), where we measured indicators of water regulation and material cycling. At two soil depths, we measured soil nitrate, phosphate, organic matter, chloride, electrical conductivity, and pH. We also determined decomposition, plant water use efficiency (foliar δ13C of C3 plants), and nitrogen use (δ15N). These variables were used as response variables, while total plant cover, species richness, Shannon, Simpson, evenness, and Rao's functional diversity indexes were used as predictors.ResultsAt the soil surface, response variables were better explained by models that included diversity (SD,FDor both) instead of evenness, total plant cover or null model. A diversity effect was not detected in deeper soil layers for most variables, except for electric conductivity, which had a positive effect onFD. Richness explained plant δ13C but had no influence on plant δ15N.ConclusionsDiversity of plant community influences ecosystem processes, as it increases decomposition, soil organic matter, and nutrient availability at the surface, and decreases water losses to the subsoil and plant water use efficiency. BothSDandFDexplained one or more ecosystem processes of water regulation and material cycling, suggesting that individual species contribute to ecosystem functioning, with a low redundancy for arid areas.
Price and quantity competition in a differentiated duopoly with heterogeneous beliefs
Authors: Xia Haiyang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of heterogeneous beliefs about market demand on the profitability of firms under different competitive settings. To this end I consider a differentiated duopoly model where two firms with different beliefs about the market demand can compete in quantity (Cournot competition) or in price (Bertrand competition). The results show that the optimistic firm can outperform the pessimistic firm in profits under Cournot competition even in the state of Low demand as long as the ratio of High demand over Low demand is sufficiently low. Under Bertrand competition, however, if the ratio of High demand over Low demand is sufficiently low or the overall optimism of the two firms is sufficiently high, the pessimistic firm can gain higher profit than the optimistic one even when demand is high.
Experiences of breastfeeding during COVID‐19: Lessons for future practical and emotional support
Authors: Brown Amy , Shenker Natalie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown and social distancing led to changes to breastfeeding support available to women in the United Kingdom. Face‐to‐face professional support was reduced, and face‐to‐face peer support was cancelled. Anecdotal media accounts highlighted practices separating some mothers and babies in hospitals, alongside inaccurate stories of the safety of breastfeeding circulating. Meanwhile, new families were confined to their homes, separated from families and support networks. Given that we know breastfeeding is best supported by practices that keep mother and baby together, high‐quality professional and peer‐to‐peer support, and positive maternal well‐being, it is important to understand the impact of the pandemic upon the ability to breastfeed. To explore this, we conducted an online survey with 1219 breastfeeding mothers in the United Kingdom with a baby 0–12 months old to understand the impact of the pandemic upon breastfeeding duration, experiences and support. The results highlighted two very different experiences: 41.8% of mothers felt that breastfeeding was protected due to lockdown, but 27.0% of mothers struggled to get support and had numerous barriers stemming from lockdown with some stopped breastfeeding before they were ready. Mothers with a lower education, with more challenging living circumstances and from Black and minority ethnic backgrounds were more likely to find the impact of lockdown challenging and stop breastfeeding. The findings are vital in understanding how we now support those women who may be grieving their loss of breastfeeding and are affected by their negative experiences and how we can learn from those with a positive experience to make sure all breastfeeding women are better supported if similar future events arise.