bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cause of Death Among Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Kochar Ajar , Mulder Hillary , Rockhold Frank W. , Baumgartner Iris , Berger Jeffrey S. , Blomster Juuso I. , Fowkes F. Gerry R. , Katona Brian G. , Lopes Renato D. , Al-Khalidi Hussein R. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Norgren Lars , Hiatt William R. , Patel Manesh R. , Jones W. Schuyler 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Peripheral artery disease is common and associated with high mortality. There are limited data detailing causes of death among patients with peripheral artery disease.

Methods:
EUCLID (Examining Use of Ticagrelor in Peripheral Artery Disease) was a randomized clinical trial that assigned patients with peripheral artery disease to clopidogrel or ticagrelor. We describe the causes of death in EUCLID using mortality end points adjudicated through a clinical events classification process. The association between baseline factors and cardiovascular death was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards modeling. The competing risk of noncardiovascular death was assessed by the cumulative incidence function for cardiovascular death and the Fine and Gray method to ascertain the association between baseline characteristics and cardiovascular mortality.

Results:
A total of 1263 out of 13 885 (9.1%) patients died (median follow-up: 30 months). There were 706 patients (55.9%) with a cardiovascular cause of death and 522 (41.3%) with a noncardiovascular cause of death. The most common cause of cardiovascular death was sudden cardiac death (20.1%); while myocardial infarction (5.2%) and ischemic stroke (3.2%) were uncommon. The most common causes of noncardiovascular death were malignancies (17.9%) and infections (11.9%). The factor most associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular death was age per 5 year increase (HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.20–1.32]). Female sex was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular death (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.56–0.82]). To evaluate the effect of noncardiovascular death as a competing risk, we superimposed the cumulative incidence function curve with the Kaplan-Meier curve. These curves closely approximated each other. After accounting for the competing risk of noncardiovascular death, the magnitude and direction of the factors associated with cardiovascular death were minimally changed.

Conclusions:
Among patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease, noncardiovascular causes of death reflected a high proportion (40%) of deaths. Accounting for noncardiovascular deaths as a competing risk, there was not a significant change in the risk estimation for cardiovascular death.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01732822.
Technology in a New Key: Toward a Reexamination of Musical Theory and Practice in the Zeng Hou Yi 曾侯乙 Bells
Authors: Cook Scott 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper takes a fresh look at music-theoretical information to be gleaned from a comparison of pitch-frequency measurements to inscriptional information from the massive bronze bell-set excavated from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng and attempts to place it in the context of knowledge derived from received texts of Warring States China. After examining several textual witnesses to conceptions of music theory from that era, the paper observes how similar conceptions may have informed the inscribers of the Zeng bells, who employed a system of nomenclature that diverged in subtle yet important ways from formulations of their philosophical counterparts. The final two sections explore possible implications of the bells’ relatively unique terminology from the standpoints of scale structures and musical temperament, respectively, looking for consistent patterns of tone-to-key distributions and clues to the possible deployment of a system of intonation designed to temper the twelve-tone gamut.
Liturgy with Ruth
Authors: Lear Joseph M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
How the church thinks about food has everything to do with her politics of immigration. Ruth’s story is one of gratefully receiving the other over a table of food. This is put in the context of what Patrick Deneen calls late modern liberalism’s ‘liberal anti-culture’. Foreigners in American contexts are mere items of consumption like the food we eat. We do not receive food with gratitude, so we do not receive the foreigner with gratitude. Ruth’s story is presented as a eucharistic liturgy that the church can perform, speaking blessings over foreigners as they are invited to eat a morsel of bread, take a sip of wine, and participate in community potlucks. A response follows which engages issues of multiculturalism, double-distancing of immigrants, Ruth’s contribution to the meal at the table, and the eucharist as a space-making event.
Improved Impacts in Observing System Simulation Experiments of Radio Occultation Observations as a Result of Model and Data Assimilation Changes
Authors: Cucurull L. , Casey S. P. F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs global data assimilation systems continue to evolve, observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) need to be updated to accurately quantify the impact of proposed observing technologies in weather forecasting. Earlier OSSEs with radio occultation (RO) observations have been updated, and the impact of the originally proposed Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate-2 (COSMIC-2) mission, with high-inclination and low-inclination components, has been investigated by using the operational data assimilation system at NOAA and a one-dimensional bending-angle RO forward operator. It is found that the impact of the low-inclination component of the originally planned COSMIC-2 mission (now officially named COSMIC-2) has significantly increased as compared with earlier studies, and significant positive impact is now found globally in terms of mass and wind fields. These are encouraging results as COSMIC-2 was successfully launched in June 2019 and data have been recently released to operational weather centers. Earlier findings remain valid indicating that globally distributed RO observations are more important to improve weather prediction globally than a denser sampling of the tropical latitudes. Overall, the benefits reported here from assimilating RO soundings are much more significant than the impacts found in previous OSSEs. This is largely attributed to changes in the data assimilation and forecast system and less to the more advanced one-dimensional forward operator chosen for the assimilation of RO observations.
Respiratory changes in biometry of suprarenal inferior vena cava in patients with varicose veins of lower extremities
Authors: Rusinovich Yury , Rusinovich Volha 
Published: November 2020

Aim This study examines respiratory biometry of inferior vena cava in patients with varicose veins of lower extremities. Material and Methods We performed retrospective analysis of clinical and ultrasound data of 67 patients with primary varicose veins. Results The largest expiratory (mean 16.2 mm, p-value 0.09) and inspiratory (mean 8.2 mm, p-value 0.02) inferior vena cava diameters were in C3 Clinical Etiological Anatomical Pathophysiological clinical class; the smallest expiratory diameters (mean 13.1 mm, p-value 0.5) were in C6 class; the smallest inspiratory diameters (mean 4.6 mm, intercept) were in C2 class. C2 class was associated with highest inferior vena cava collapsibility index (mean 68.2%, intercept); C6 class was associated with lowest collapsibility index (mean 48.3%, p-value 0.04). Recurrent varices in comparison with previously untreated were associated with smaller inspiratory diameters of inferior vena cava (mean 4.4 mm, p-value 0.005), smaller expiratory diameters (mean 13.4 mm, p-value 0.06) and higher collapsibility index (mean 68.5%, p-value 0.005). Patients with recurrent and bilateral varicose veins had identical respiratory biometry of inferior vena cava. Older age was associated with smaller inferior vena cava diameters (p-value <0.01). Conclusion Clinical presentation of varicose veins is associated with different respiratory biometry of suprarenal inferior vena cava. C6 clinical class in comparison with C2 clinical class is associated with lower central venous compliance possible due to the narrowing of inferior vena cava. Smaller inferior vena cava diameters and higher collapsibility index in recurrent subgroup in comparison with previously untreated can be a sign of the significantly altered pressure gradient between the systemic capillaries and the right heart and impaired peripheral venous return. Narrowing of inferior vena cava with age can be a sign of more profound changes in systemic venous return with age in patients with varicose veins in comparison to those without chronic venous disease.
A-qCPR risk score screening model for predicting 1-year mortality associated with hospice and palliative care in the emergency department
Authors: Wang Ruei-Fang , Lai Chao-Chih , Fu Ping-Yeh , Huang Yung-Chung , Huang Sheng-Jean , Chu Dachen , Lin Shih-Pin , Chaou Chung-Hsien , Hsu Chen-Yang , Chen Hsiu-Hsi 
Published: November 2020

Background: Evaluating the need for palliative care and predicting its mortality play important roles in the emergency department. Aim: We developed a screening model for predicting 1-year mortality. Design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify risk factors associated with 1-year mortality. Our risk scores based on these significant risk factors were then developed. Its predictive validity performance was evaluated using area under receiving operating characteristic analysis and leave-one-out cross-validation. Setting and participants: Patients aged 15 years or older were enrolled from June 2015 to May 2016 in the emergency department. Results: We identified five independent risk factors, each of which was assigned a number of points proportional to its estimated regression coefficient: age (0.05 points per year), qSOFA ⩾ 2 (1), Cancer (4), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status score ⩾ 2 (2), and Do-Not-Resuscitate status (3). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of our screening tool given the cutoff larger than 3 points were 0.99 (0.98–0.99), 0.31 (0.29–0.32), 0.26 (0.24–0.27), and 0.99 (0.98–1.00), respectively. Those with screening scores larger than 9 points corresponding to 64.0% (60.0–67.9%) of 1-year mortality were prioritized for consultation and communication. The area under the receiving operating characteristic curves for the point system was 0.84 (0.83–0.85) for the cross-validation model. Conclusions: A-qCPR risk scores provide a good screening tool for assessing patient prognosis. Routine screening for end-of-life using this tool plays an important role in early and efficient physician-patient communications regarding hospice and palliative needs in the emergency department.
AMPA receptors mediate the pro-cognitive effects of electrical and optogenetic stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex in antidepressant non-responsive Wistar–Kyoto rats
Authors: Papp Mariusz , Gruca Piotr , Lason Magdalena , Litwa Ewa , Solecki Wojciech , Willner Paul 
Published: November 2020

Background: The chronic mild stress (CMS) procedure is a widely used animal model of depression, and its application in Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats has been validated as a model of antidepressant-refractory depression. While not responding to chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs, WKY rats do respond to acute deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In antidepressant-responsive strains there is evidence suggesting a role for AMPA subtype of glutamate receptor in the action mechanism of both antidepressants and DBS. Methods: Animals were subjected to CMS for 6 to 8 weeks; sucrose intake was monitored weekly and novel object recognition (NOR) test was conducted following recovery from CMS. Wistars were treated chronically with venlafaxine (VEN), while WKY were treated acutely with either DBS, optogenetic stimulation (OGS) of virally-transduced (AAV5-hSyn-ChR2-EYFP) mPFC or ventral hippocampus, or acute intra-mPFC injection of the AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator CX-516. The AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX was administered, at identical sites in mPFC, immediately following the exposure trial in the NOR. Results: Sucrose intake and NOR were suppressed by CMS, and restored by VEN in Wistars and by DBS, OGS, or CX-516 in WKY. However, OGS of the ventral hippocampal afferents to mPFC was ineffective. A low dose of NBQX selectively blocked the procognitive effect of VEN, DBS and OGS. Conclusions: These results suggest that activation of AMPA receptors in the mPFC represents a common pathway for the antidepressant effects of both conventional (VEN) and novel (DBS, OGS) antidepressant modalities, in both antidepressant responsive (Wistar) and antidepressant-resistant (WKY) rats.
Prediction of transarterial chemoembolization refractoriness in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma using imaging features of gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Byun Jieun , Kim So Yeon , Kim Jin Hyoung , Kim Min Ju , Yoo Changhoon , Shim Ju Hyun , Lee Seung Soo 
Published: November 2020

Background Repeated transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) can be associated with loss of its efficacy and subsequent tumor progression. Purpose To identify features of gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) associated with TACE refractoriness and to develop a prediction model for estimating the risk of TACE refractoriness. Material and Methods Among 1025 patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent TACE as a first-line treatment during 2010–2017, 427 patients who underwent preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI were analyzed. According to the date of initial TACE, patients were divided into the development cohort (n = 211) and the test cohort (n = 216). TACE refractoriness was determined according to the Japan Society of Hepatology guidelines. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to investigate the association between clinical/MRI features and TACE refractoriness. The performance of the prediction model was internally and externally assessed using the C-index of discrimination and a Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for calibration. Results By analyzing 427 patients, we constructed a prediction model with the following independent features associated with TACE refractoriness: maximum tumor size; tumor number; peritumoral hypointensity on hepatobiliary phase (HBP); and the presence of non-hypervascular hypointense nodule on HBP. This system enabled the prediction of TACE refractoriness in the development cohort (C-index, 0.796) and the test cohort (C-index, 0.738) with good discrimination and calibration abilities. Conclusion The prediction model based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI features in addition to the known predictors including tumor size and number can be used to estimate the risk of TACE refractoriness in patients with intermediate-stage HCC.
Hybrid Fixation for Danis-Weber Type C Fractures With Syndesmosis Injury
Authors: Kim Gi Beom , Park Chul Hyun 
Published: November 2020

Background: This study aimed to assess the clinical and radiological outcomes of hybrid fixation for Danis-Weber type C ankle fractures with a syndesmotic injury. Methods: From January 2016 to April 2018, we retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent hybrid fixation for Danis-Weber type C ankle fractures with syndesmotic injury with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. We excluded patients who achieved syndesmosis stability after fracture fixation. In all patients, we allowed partial weightbearing at 4 weeks postoperatively. We evaluated the visual analog scale for ankle pain, the Olerud-Molander ankle score, and the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society score. Malreduction of the syndesmosis was defined based on 2 previously reported methods. Fourteen patients (11 men and 3 women) were included in this study. There were 11 patients with pronation external rotation-type fractures and 3 patients with Maisonneuve fractures. The average age at operation was 37.2 years (range, 18-70 years). Results: Clinical scores were significantly improved at the last follow-up. Postoperative malreduction was observed only in 1 patient (7.1%). Conclusion: Hybrid fixation using a suture-button device combined with a syndesmotic screw in Danis-Weber type C fractures with syndesmosis injury showed a high accuracy of reduction, a low rate of diastasis, and favorable clinical outcomes. This combined method could be a good alternative treatment option for Danis-Weber type C ankle fractures with a syndesmosis injury. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Differences in Gait and Stair Ascent After Total Ankle Arthroplasty and Ankle Arthrodesis
Authors: Sanders Austin E. , Kraszewski Andrew P. , Ellis Scott J. , Queen Robin , Backus Sherry I. , Hillstrom Howard , Demetracopoulos Constantine A. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Ankle arthrodesis has historically been the standard of care for end-stage ankle arthritis; however, total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is considered a reliable alternative. Our objective was to compare 3-dimensional foot and ankle kinetics and kinematics and determine the ankle power that is generated during level walking and stair ascent between TAA and ankle arthrodesis patients. Methods: Ten patients who underwent TAA with a modern fixed-bearing ankle prosthesis and 10 patients who previously underwent ankle arthrodesis were recruited. Patients were matched for age, sex, body mass index, time from surgery, and preoperative diagnosis. A minimum of 2-year follow-up was required. Patients completed instrumented 3D motion analysis while walking over level ground and during stair ascent. Between-group differences were assessed with a 2-tailed Mann-Whitney exact test for 2 independent samples. Results: Sagittal ankle range of motion (ROM) was significantly higher in the TAA group (21.1 vs 14.7 degrees, P = .003) during level walking. In addition, forefoot-tibia motion (25.3±5.9 degrees vs 18.6±5.1 degrees, P = .015) and hindfoot-tibia motion (15.4±3.2 degrees vs 12.2±2.5 degrees, P = .022) were significantly greater in the TAA group. During stair ascent, sagittal ankle ROM (25 vs 17.1 degrees, P = .026), forefoot-tibia motion (27.6 vs 19.6 degrees, P = .017), and hindfoot-tibia motion (16.8 vs 12 degrees, P = .012) was greater. Conclusion: There were significant differences during level walking and stair ascent between patients with TAA and ankle arthrodesis. TAA patients generated greater peak plantarflexion power and sagittal motion within the foot and ankle compared to patients with an ankle arthrodesis. Further investigation should continue to assess biomechanical differences in the foot and ankle during additional activities of daily living. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.
The Production of Garments and Textiles in Bangladesh: Trade Unions, International Managers and the Health and Safety of Workers
Authors: Khan Md Asaduzzaman , Brymer Katharine , Koch Karl 
Published: November 2020

This paper offers a view of working practices within the garment and textile (G&T) industry in Bangladesh. The G&T industry accounts for over 84 per cent of Bangladesh exports and is therefore viewed as key to the country’s economic development. This importance is seen in the creation of Export Processing Zones (EPZs), which were created by that state to encourage foreign investment by offering a congenial climate free from cumbersome procedures. Trade unions are outlawed in these areas. Health and safety are poor within the G&T industry. However, the Rana Plaza disaster of 2013, which caused 1,132 deaths and over 2,500 injuries, placed the issue of workplace safety on the international agenda. Arguably, this prompted a change of attitude within Bangladesh and the G&T industry towards health and safety. The presence of international managers appears to have played a significant role in improving health and safety in the working environment, however these international managers do face a range of cultural barriers, which include both language and a different perception of the value of health and safety in the workplace. This paper has adopted a mixed method of both qualitative and quantitative data, collected through interviews and questionnaire surveys within the G&T industry in Bangladesh.
The study of neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanism of Naoshuantong capsule on ischemia stroke mice
Authors: Luo Lvkeng , Wu Shuling , Chen Ruiqi , Rao Hongyu , Peng Wei , Su Weiwei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Naoshuantong capsule (NSTC) is an oral Chinese medicine formula composed of Typhae Pollen, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Curcumae Radix, Gastrodiae Rhizoma and Radix Rhapontici. It has been widely used at the acute and recovery stage of ischemic stroke since 2001. Comparing with its wide clinical application, there are only few studies emphasize on investigating its pharmacological effects.

Methods
To more generally elucidate the underlying mechanisms in this study, we identified active ingredients in NSTC by a network pharmacology approach based on transcriptomics analysis and pharmacological experiments. Modified neurological severity scores and morphometric analysis using Nissl staining were employed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of NSTC on ischemia stroke in mice.

Results
The results showed that NSTC had preventive and protective effects on ischemia stroke, featuring repair of brain tissue during the sub-acute stage of stroke. This may attribute to the underlying mechanisms including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic activities, as well as an attenuation of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) toxicity of the active ingredients, especially the most active apigenin, from NSTC. Specifically, naringenin, calycosin, gastrodin, caffeic acid, paeoniflorin, and β-elemene seem to be also pharmacological active substances responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects. Meanwhile, 13-hydroxygemone, gastrodin, and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol contributed to the attenuation of EAAs toxicity Furthermore, apigenin, naringenin, calycosin, gastrodin, and β-elemene accelerated the repair of brain ischemic tissue by up-regulating the expression of TGF-β1 levels.

Conclusions
The present study identifies the active ingredients of NSTC and illustrates the underlying mechanism using a combination of network pharmacology, transcriptomics analysis, and pharmacological experiments.