bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response times of meteorological air temperature sensors
Authors: Burt Stephen , de Podesta Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGuidelines in the Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation (the CIMO guide) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO, published 2014, updated 2017, section 2.1.3.3, Response times of thermometers) recommend that the 63% response time τ for an air temperature sensor be 20 s, although – as airflow speed influences response time – the minimum airflow speed at which this applies should also be specified in the document. A 63% response time τ63 = 20 s implies that 95% of a step change be registered within 3τ63 or 60 s, the WMO recommended averaging interval for air temperature: rapid air temperature changes on this time‐scale are not uncommon, often associated with convective squalls, frontal systems or sea breeze circulations. An alternative way of expressing the effect of the time constant is that in air whose temperature is changing at 0.1 K·min−1 the thermometer would lag by approximately 0.03 K.To assess whether this response time specification was realistic, we have undertaken an experimental and theoretical study of the time constants of meteorological thermometers. Laboratory wind tunnel tests were undertaken to quantify 63% and 95% response times of 25 commercial 100 Ω platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs) of various sizes (length and sheath diameter) from five manufacturers. The test results revealed a fourfold difference in response times between different sensors: none of the PRTs tested met the CIMO response time guideline at a ventilation speed of 1 m·s−1 assumed typical of passively ventilated thermometer shields such as Stevenson‐type thermometer screens. A theoretical model of the sensors was devised which matched the experimental behaviour with regard to the most important contributing factors, namely ventilation rate and sensor diameter. Finally, suggestions and recommendations for operational air temperature sensor adoption and future sensor development are included.
A recent review and a taxonomy for hard and soft tissue visualization‐based mixed reality
Authors: Tuladhar Selina , AlSallami Nada , Alsadoon Abeer , Prasad P.W.C. , Alsadoon Omar H. , Haddad Sami , Alrubaie Ahmad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMixed reality (MR) visualization is gaining popularity in image‐guided surgery (IGS) systems, especially for hard and soft tissue surgeries. However, a few MR systems are implemented in real time. Some factors are limiting MR technology and creating a difficulty in setting up and evaluating the MR system in real environments. Some of these factors include: the end users are not considered, the limitations in the operating room, and the medical images are not fully unified into the operating interventions.MethodologyThe purpose of this article is to use Data, Visualization processing, and View (DVV) taxonomy to evaluate the current MR systems. DVV includes all the components required to be considered and validated for the MR used in hard and soft tissue surgeries. This taxonomy helps the developers and end users like researchers and surgeons to enhance MR system for the surgical field.ResultsWe evaluated, validated, and verified the taxonomy based on system comparison, completeness, and acceptance criteria. Around 24 state‐of‐the‐art solutions that are picked relate to MR visualization, which is then used to demonstrate and validate this taxonomy. The results showed that most of the findings are evaluated and others are validated.ConclusionThe DVV taxonomy acts as a great resource for MR visualization in IGS. State‐of‐the‐art solutions are classified, evaluated, validated, and verified to elaborate the process of MR visualization during surgery. The DVV taxonomy provides the benefits to the end users and future improvements in MR.
A marsupial robotic system for surveying and inspection of freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Kalaitzakis Michail , Cain Brennan , Vitzilaios Nikolaos , Rekleitis Ioannis , Moulton Jason 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems are vast areas that are constantly changing and evolving. To maintain the ecosystem as well as the structures located close to bodies of water, frequent monitoring is required. Although dangerous and time consuming, manual operations are the conventional way of monitoring such areas. Recently, Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs) have been proposed to undertake the monitoring task. As any other platform, ASVs have limitations, such as a restricted point of view and access only where the water is sufficiently deep. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can fly over any terrain and provide a “bird's‐eye‐view” of the environment. However, UAVs have limited operational time due to power constraints. Heterogeneous marsupial robotic systems use different types of robots to augment their operation envelope, taking advantage of their individual strengths. A marsupial survey system comprised an ASV and a UAV for freshwater monitoring is developed and presented in this paper. This system is able to complete long missions and reach remote locations while also being able to generate detailed maps and inspections of points of interest. The system was thoroughly tested during a 6‐month period in a number of field deployments in freshwater ecosystems at Lake Murray and at the Congaree River, SC, USA, to validate its capabilities.
Restorative and community‐building practices as social justice for English learners
Authors: Pentón Herrera Luis Javier , McNair Robin L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this theory‐based practice article, the authors introduce restorative and community‐building practices as social justice for English learners. As circle keepers and educators of English learners, the authors emphasize the necessity for reimagining English for speakers of other languages classrooms as not only places of learning English, but places of meditation, reflection, and healing for our students and ourselves. The article is divided into four main sections. In the first section, the authors define restorative and community‐building practices. In the second section, they investigate how and why restorative practices involve social justice. In the third section, they reflect on their work as restorative practices educators by sharing insights on some things teachers should consider when hoping to adopt restorative practices in their classes. In the fourth section, they share a sample of a restorative and community‐building circle educators can use with their English learners.
Second‐ and third‐trimester serum levels of growth‐differentiation factor‐15 in prediction of pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Wertaschnigg D. , Rolnik D. L. , Nie G. , Teoh S. S. Y. , Syngelaki A. , da Silva Costa F. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivePre‐eclampsia (PE) is a significant contributor to adverse maternal and perinatal outcome; however, accurate prediction and early diagnosis of this condition remain a challenge. The aim of this study was to compare serum levels of growth‐differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15) at three different gestational ages between asymptomatic women who subsequently developed preterm or term PE and healthy controls.MethodsThis was a case–control study drawn from a prospective observational study on adverse pregnancy outcomes in women attending for their routine second‐ and third‐trimester hospital visits. Serum GDF‐15 was determined in 300 samples using a commercial GDF‐15 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay: 120 samples at 19–24 weeks of gestation, 120 samples at 30–34 weeks and 60 samples at 35–37 weeks. Multiple linear regression was applied to logarithmically transformed GDF‐15 control values to evaluate the influence of gestational age at blood sampling and maternal characteristics on GDF‐15 results. GDF‐15 multiples of the normal median (MoM) values, adjusted for gestational age and maternal characteristics, were compared between pregnancies that subsequently developed preterm or term PE and healthy controls.ResultsValues of GDF‐15 increased with gestational age. There were no significant differences in GDF‐15 MoM values between cases of preterm or term PE and normotensive pregnancies at 19–24 or 35–37 weeks of gestation. At 30–34 weeks, GDF‐15 MoM values were significantly increased in cases of preterm PE, but not in those who later developed term PE. Elevated GDF‐15 MoM values were associated significantly with a shorter interval between sampling at 30–34 weeks and delivery with PE (P = 0.005).ConclusionSerum GDF‐15 levels at 19–24 or 35–37 weeks of gestation are not predictive of preterm or term PE. At 30–34 weeks, GDF‐15 levels are higher in women who subsequently develop preterm PE; however, this difference is small and GDF‐15 is unlikely to be useful in clinical practice when used in isolation. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
COngenital heart disease and the Diagnostic yield with Exome sequencing (CODE) study: prospective cohort study and systematic review
Authors: Mone F. , Eberhardt R. Y. , Morris R. K. , Hurles M. E. , McMullan D. J. , Maher E. R. , Lord J. , Chitty L. S. , Giordano J. L. , Wapner R. J. , Kilby M. D. ,   the CODE Study Collaborators
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the incremental yield of antenatal exome sequencing (ES) over chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) or conventional karyotyping in prenatally diagnosed congenital heart disease (CHD).MethodsA prospective cohort study of 197 trios undergoing ES following CMA or karyotyping owing to CHD identified prenatally and a systematic review of the literature were performed. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and
ClinicalTrials.gov (January 2000 to October 2019) databases were searched electronically for studies reporting on the diagnostic yield of ES in prenatally diagnosed CHD. Selected studies included those with more than three cases, with initiation of testing based upon prenatal phenotype only and that included cases in which CMA or karyotyping was negative. The incremental diagnostic yield of ES was assessed in: (1) all cases of CHD; (2) isolated CHD; (3) CHD associated with extracardiac anomaly (ECA); and (4) CHD according to phenotypic subgroup.ResultsIn our cohort, ES had an additional diagnostic yield in all CHD, isolated CHD and CHD associated with ECA of 12.7% (25/197), 11.5% (14/122) and 14.7% (11/75), respectively (P = 0.81). The corresponding pooled incremental yields from 18 studies (encompassing 636 CHD cases) included in the systematic review were 21% (95% CI, 15–27%), 11% (95% CI, 7–15%) and 37% (95% CI, 18–56%), respectively. The results did not differ significantly when subanalysis was limited to studies including more than 20 cases, except for CHD associated with ECA, in which the incremental yield was greater (49% (95% CI, 17–80%)). In cases of CHD associated with ECA in the primary analysis, the most common extracardiac anomalies associated with a pathogenic variant were those affecting the genitourinary system (23/52 (44.2%)). The greatest incremental yield was in cardiac shunt lesions (41% (95% CI, 19–63%)), followed by right‐sided lesions (26% (95% CI, 9–43%)). In the majority (68/96 (70.8%)) of instances, pathogenic variants occurred de novo and in autosomal dominant (monoallelic) disease genes. The most common (19/96 (19.8%)) monogenic syndrome identified was Kabuki syndrome.ConclusionsThere is an apparent incremental yield of prenatal ES in CHD. While the greatest yield is in CHD associated with ECA, consideration could also be given to performing ES in the presence of an isolated cardiac abnormality. A policy of routine application of ES would require the adoption of robust bioinformatic, clinical and ethical pathways. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Waves in nonlocal thermoelastic solids of type III
Authors: Sarkar Nihar , Bachher Mitali , Das Narayan , De Soumen , Sarkar Nantu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the propagation of time‐harmonic thermoelastic plane waves is studied in an infinite nonlocal elastic continuum. The type III Green‐Naghdi model (with energy dissipation) of generalized thermoelasticity and the Eringen's nonlocal elasticity model are adopted to address this problem. We found two sets of the coupled longitudinal waves which are dispersive in nature and experience attenuation. In addition to the coupled waves, there also exists one independent vertically shear‐type wave which is dispersive but experiences no attenuation. All these waves are found to be influenced by the elastic nonlocality parameter. Furthermore, the shear‐type wave is found to face a critical frequency, while the coupled longitudinal waves may face critical frequencies conditionally. Reflection phenomenon of an incident coupled longitudinal waves from a rigid and thermally insulated boundary surface of a homogeneous and isotropic nonlocal thermoelastic half‐space is investigated. Using these boundary conditions, the formulae for various reflection coefficients and their respective energy ratios are presented. For a particular model, various graphs are plotted to analyze the behavior of the phase speeds, reflection coefficients and their respective energy ratios. The amplitude ratios of the reflected waves and their respective energy ratios are determined analytically. For a particular model, the effect of elastic nonlocality parameter on the variations of phase speeds, attenuation coefficients, amplitude ratios and corresponding energy ratios of the reflected waves are presented graphically. Finally, analysis of the various results have been interpreted.
Higher‐order perturbation solution of a free vibration problem of coupled piezoelectricity by Kato's theory
Authors: Cupiał Piotr 
Published: May 2020

AbstractKato's theory, which relies on the analytical properties of the resolvent of a differential operator, is used in this paper to obtain a closed‐form perturbation solution of an electromechanical free‐vibration problem of coupled piezoelectricity. Making use of the fact that piezoelectric coupling is not too strong, the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the through‐thickness vibration of an infinite piezoelectric plate are calculated using a perturbation method. Explicit perturbation formulae have been derived up to the third‐order terms for the natural frequencies, whereas the closed‐form perturbation expressions for the mode shapes have been obtained up to the first‐order terms through the use of a projection operator. Numerical results are discussed for a plate with fixed‐free and free‐free faces. Since exact solutions exist for the problem in hand, the validity of the proposed method can be proved. The method differs from the perturbation approach usually used in quantum mechanics, since it does not rely on the expansion of the perturbation solution in series of the unperturbed eigenmodes; since the solutions are obtained in closed form, no issues of the convergence of infinite series arise. The perturbation approach used allows to obtain an approximate solution of a coupled problem by solving only the corresponding uncoupled elastic problem. The paper is a good illustration of the application of Kato's analytical method to solving a physical problem, which may be of interest for other vibration problems, too.
Die Verständlichkeitskurve für den Freiburger Einsilbertest im Störschall mit einem Signal-Rausch-Abstand (SNR) von 5 dB
Authors: Guy S. , Schönweiler R. , Wollenberg B. , Zehlicke T. , Pohl M. , Löhler J. 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Freiburger Einsilbertest (FBE) ist seit Langem einer der wesentlichen deutschen Sprachhörtests. Seit einiger Zeit wird er auch zur Messung der Hörverbesserung im Rahmen einer Hörgeräteversorgung im Störschall verwendet (FBE-S). Mit dieser Studie soll eine Verständlichkeitskurve für den Freiburger Einsilbertest im Störschall mit fixem Signal-Störschall-Verhältnis von 5 dB bei verschiedenen Schalldruckpegeln bestimmt werden.

Methode
Im Herbst 2018 wurden 60 normalhörende, muttersprachlich Deutsch sprechende Probanden im Alter zwischen 18 und 31 Jahren in der Klinik für HNO-Heilkunde des Bundeswehrkrankenhauses in Hamburg untersucht. Das Sprachverstehen wurde mit einer Testliste des FBE mit einem Schalldruckpegel von 15 bis 90 dB und einem 5 dB niedrigeren Störschall in 5‑dB-Schritten gemessen. Anschließend wurden von den Verständlichkeitsquoten die Mittelwerte gebildet und die 95%-Konfidenzintervalle (95%-KI) bestimmt.

Ergebnisse
Es nahmen 29 weibliche und 31 männliche Probanden an der Untersuchung teil. Das mittlere Alter aller Probanden betrug 24,32 Jahre (±3,39 Jahre). In der Varianzanalyse für fixe Effekte mit der Verständlichkeit als abhängiger Variablen zeigte sich ein hochsignifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen den Schalldruckpegeln des Sprach- und Störschalls auf der einen Seite und der Verständlichkeit auf der anderen Seite (p < 0,001). Die gemittelten Verständlichkeitsquoten und zugehörigen 95%-KI sowie die Häufigkeitsverteilungen wurden tabellarisch und grafisch dargestellt.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Verständlichkeitskurve des FBE‑S ist im Vergleich zur Normkurve des FBE nach rechts verschoben. Die gemittelte Kurve des FBE‑S erreicht bei einem Schalldruckpegel von 70 dB und einem Störschalldruckpegel von 65 dB den Sättigungsbereich von 90 % Verständlichkeit (zum Vergleich: Der Sättigungspunkt von 100 % Verständlichkeit liegt beim FBE ohne Störschall bei 55 dB). Durch die hier vorgestellte Verständlichkeitskurve lassen sich individuelle Messergebnisse ohne und mit Hörgeräten besser interpretieren. Künftig sollte der Hörgewinn für Hörgeräte möglicherweise bei niedrigeren Schalldruckpegeln erfolgen als heute.
Self-tuning robust adjustment within multivariate regression time series models with vector-autoregressive random errors
Authors: Kargoll Boris , Kermarrec Gaël , Korte Johannes , Alkhatib Hamza 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe iteratively reweighted least-squares approach to self-tuning robust adjustment of parameters in linear regression models with autoregressive (AR) and t-distributed random errors, previously established in Kargoll et al. (in J Geod 92(3):271–297, 2018. 10.1007/s00190-017-1062-6), is extended to multivariate approaches. Multivariate models are used to describe the behavior of multiple observables measured contemporaneously. The proposed approaches allow for the modeling of both auto- and cross-correlations through a vector-autoregressive (VAR) process, where the components of the white-noise input vector are modeled at every time instance either as stochastically independent t-distributed (herein called “stochastic model A”) or as multivariate t-distributed random variables (herein called “stochastic model B”). Both stochastic models are complementary in the sense that the former allows for group-specific degrees of freedom (df) of the t-distributions (thus, sensor-component-specific tail or outlier characteristics) but not for correlations within each white-noise vector, whereas the latter allows for such correlations but not for different dfs. Within the observation equations, nonlinear (differentiable) regression models are generally allowed for. Two different generalized expectation maximization (GEM) algorithms are derived to estimate the regression model parameters jointly with the VAR coefficients, the variance components (in case of stochastic model A) or the cofactor matrix (for stochastic model B), and the df(s). To enable the validation of the fitted VAR model and the selection of the best model order, the multivariate portmanteau test and Akaike’s information criterion are applied. The performance of the algorithms and of the white noise test is evaluated by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, the suitability of one of the proposed models and the corresponding GEM algorithm is investigated within a case study involving the multivariate modeling and adjustment of time-series data at four GPS stations in the EUREF Permanent Network (EPN).
Sharp Asymptotic Behavior of Solutions of the 3d Vlasov–Maxwell System with Small Data
Authors: Bigorgne Léo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study the asymptotic properties of the small data solutions of the Vlasov–Maxwell system in dimension three. No neutral hypothesis nor compact support assumptions are made on the data. In particular, the initial decay in the velocity variable is optimal. We use vector field methods to obtain sharp pointwise decay estimates in null directions on the electromagnetic field and its derivatives. For the Vlasov field and its derivatives, we obtain, as in Fajman et al. (The Stability of the Minkowski space for the Einstein-Vlasov system, 2017. arXiv:1707.06141), optimal pointwise decay estimates by a vector field method where the commutators are modification of those of the free relativistic transport equation. In order to control high velocities and to deal with non integrable source terms, we make fundamental use of the null structure of the system and of several hierarchies in the commuted equations.
Baseline clinical characteristics and disease burden in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH): updated analysis from the International PNH Registry
Authors: Schrezenmeier Hubert , Röth Alexander , Araten David J. , Kanakura Yuzuru , Larratt Loree , Shammo Jamile M. , Wilson Amanda , Shayan Gilda , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe International Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) Registry (NCT01374360) was initiated to optimize patient management by collecting data regarding disease burden, progression, and clinical outcomes. Herein, we report updated baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, disease burden data, and observed trends regarding clone size in the largest cohort of Registry patients. Patients with available data as of July 2017 were stratified by glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-deficient granulocyte clone size (< 10%, ≥ 10%–< 50%, and ≥ 50%). All patients were untreated with eculizumab at baseline, defined as date of eculizumab initiation or date of Registry enrollment (if never treated with eculizumab). Outcomes assessed in the current analysis included proportions of patients with high disease activity (HDA), history of major adverse vascular events (MAVEs; including thrombotic events [TEs]), bone marrow failure (BMF), red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, and PNH-related symptoms. A total of 4439 patients were included, of whom 2701 (60.8%) had available GPI-deficient granulocyte clone size data. Among these, median clone size was 31.8% (1002 had < 10%; 526 had ≥ 10%–< 50%; 1173 had ≥ 50%). There were high proportions of patients with HDA (51.6%), history of MAVEs (18.8%), BMF (62.6%), RBC transfusion (61.3%), and impaired renal function (42.8%). All measures except RBC transfusion history significantly correlated with GPI-deficient granulocyte clone size. A large proportion of patients with GPI-deficient granulocyte clone size < 10% had hemolysis (9.7%), MAVEs (10.2%), HDA (9.1%), and/or PNH-related symptoms. Although larger GPI-deficient granulocyte clone sizes were associated with higher disease burden, a substantial proportion of patients with smaller clone sizes had history of MAVEs/TEs.