bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Microbiome of Permanently Mentally Disabled and Healthy Children
Authors: Smatanova M , Novakova E , Bacinsky M , Hvizdos D , Statelova D , Kompanikova J , Novak M , Mikuskova K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The oral cavity is a biologically significant and complex site of the human body. It is a gateway into the internal environment of the organism. There are many processes, such as the beginning of digestion, speech creation, and sensory perception of taste. Oral health is closely related to the general health of a person. The oral cavity contains an enormous number of microorganisms that can cause various diseases. Oral bacteria are responsible for diseases in the mouth, but can also seriously harm human health. The oral microbiome also serves as an indicator of health, respectively morbidity of the human organism. Compared to healthy children, mentally disabled children suffer from many congenital and acquired diseases and disorders that affect their overall and oral health. These children require a specific approach to the examination, but also to the therapy.
Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention of oral diseases in children, whether healthy or mentally disabled.
Effect of Laying Hen Genotype, Age and Some Interior Egg Quality Traits on Lysozyme Content
Authors: Krawczyk Józefa , Lewko Lidia , Calik Jolanta 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the quality of eggs laid by native breed hens of different ages (33 and 53 weeks of age), with particular consideration of the lysozyme parameters. Eggs were collected from 6 breeds/strains of laying hens under the genetic resources conservation in Poland, i.e. Greenleg Partridge (Z-11), Yellowleg Partridge (Ż-33), Rhode Island Red (R-11), Rhode Island White (A-33), Sussex (S-66) and Leghorn (H-22). The yolks of eggs from older hens had a more favourable, intense colour, but the freshness parameters (albumen height and Haugh units) of these eggs were lower. The albumen of eggs from older hens showed greater content and higher enzymatic activity of lysozyme in both thin and thick albumen. Among the six strains of hens, lysozyme content and enzymatic activity were highest in the egg albumen of strains Ż-33, Z-11 and R-11, and lowest in that of strain H-22. The analysed eggs showed statistically significant correlations between some interior egg quality traits (albumen weight, albumen height, Haugh units, yolk colour) and the discussed enzyme parameters. These traits are influenced by genotype and age of the hens.
Design of Raspberry PI Parallel Processor
Authors: Abdulhamid Mohanad , Muthami Mwalimu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As data centers have increased in size, there has been a need to create clusters out of cheaper, more affordable commodity parts that can easily be replaced upon failure, and that create more affordable data centers overall. However, such large clusters are still outside of feasibility for individuals and small businesses. It is a worthwhile exercise to see if much smaller clusters could be created for such applications, and to compare their performance / price measure to that of the previous traditional data centers. For this paper, such a cluster is created using Raspberry Pis which are small-sized, single-board computers. A data sharing model is built in Python using message passing interface (MPI) that ran on the cluster of the four Raspberry Pis. So as to evaluate the performance of the system, some greedy algorithms are created. During the implementation process, previously unknown skills, including how to create a cluster, programming the infrastructure are learnt.
Leadership Issues in Times of Global Pandemic
Authors: Chiş-Manolache Diana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
At present, humanity is facing a multitude of problems caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, that requires a continuous adaptation to all organizational levels. Regarding the management of organizations, it is clear that this one has to be adapted to the current situation and to the needs of members of the organizations which have also undergone profound changes. In this regard, leaders at all levels of the organization must act flexibly, be attentive to the needs of teams and reshape their leadership style to respond to the uncertain realities that govern the world order.
Towards a Conceptual Description of Verbs
Authors: Leseva Svetlozara , Stoyanova Ivelina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Our work is focused on the conceptual description of verbs by employing two main resources – the lexical semantic network WordNet and the conceptual frames from FrameNet. We implement a method for inheritance-based mapping between the two resources by transferring the frame assignments from a hypernym to its hyponyms. We discover that the method performs best for directly related pairs of synsets but deteriorates in assignment at two or more steps. The mapping is then used for enhancing each of the resources by expanding it with new entries and by contributing to the resources’ relational structure.
Efects of Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera), Avocado Oil (Persea americana), Melon Seed Oil (Citrullus colocynthis L.) on Growth Performance, Blood, Biochemical, Haematological Parameters, and Total Microbial Loads of Noiler Birds
Authors: Oyebanji B. O. , Aderinoye V. A. , Adeniyi A. A. , Akinnadeju O. L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the comparative effects of coconut oil (CO), avocado oil (AO), and melon seed oil (MSO) on the growth performance, blood, biochemical, hematological parameters, and total microbial loads of Noiler birds. A total of 120 Noiler birds with an average weight of 50.3 ± 0.13 g were randomized into four treatment groups with 3 replications (10 per pen) for six weeks of fattening. Weekly body weight gain and daily feed intake of the birds were recorded for six weeks, after which average weight gain and feed conversion ratios were calculated. At the end of the feeding trials, blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematological parameter assessments, and the digesta from the colon and ileum were collected for their intestinal total microbial load analysis. The average weight gains and feed conversion ratios (FCR) of the birds supplemented with CO (1229.40 ± 15.00) and MSO (1232.66 ± 43.18) were observed to be significantly higher (P < 0.05), compared to the birds supplemented with AO (1110.73 ± 18.29) and the birds fed feed only (1034.79 ± 2.04) having the least weight gained. The biochemical parameters of the birds across the treatment were not significantly different (P > 0.05). White blood cells, packed cell volume, red blood cells and lymphocytes were significantly higher in the CO group compared to the birds supplemented with the avocado oil and melon seed oil. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the weight of the spleen, bursa and gall bladder among the birds. The Lactobacillus spp. in the colon of birds supplemented with coconut oil (6.43 ± 0.56) and melon oil (6.25 ± 0.65) were significantly higher. It can be concluded that coconut oil and melon seed oil have the potential to serve as growth promoters for chicken production.
Kinesthetic Unity as Motivated Association
Authors: Lanza Andrea 
Published: December 2020

Summary
Within Husserl’s theory of perception, the role attributed to kinesthetic sensations determines a phase of the perceptive constitution that marks the boundary between pure receptivity and a first form of self-determination of consciousness. Kinesthetic experiences are, in fact, characterized not just as acts that are performed but rather that can be performed, albeit according to predetermined paths.
This primitive form of ‘instinctive’ spontaneity of the Ego (linked to primal impulses) as realization of pre-established potentialities, characterizes what Husserl defines the ‘ idiopsychic’ dimension of consciousness (Husserl, 1952, p. 135). However, although this level of consciousness unity presupposes a spontaneous activity, it can be investigated according to the ‘causal’ laws of motivation.
The phenomenon of motivation was notoriously introduced by Husserl in §56 of Ideen II, as a specific law of spiritual life. However, there are two possible forms of motivation, one in which the Ego is actively involved, and a second one, called “associative motivation.” The latter basically indicates the passive tendency of creating associations between unities of the immanent sphere. In other terms, Husserl acknowledges the existence of “motivated relations” within the immanent sphere of mental acts which do not necessarily call for an active participation of the Ego. In this sense, the relation between motivating factors and motivated elements could be considered a kind of conditioning of the form “because-therefore,” in which the two elements arrange themselves in a succession of experiences. This work aims to show that this very kind of association is the same that pre-determines the unfolding possibility of kinesthetic chains.
Commercializing the Milkfish Hatchery-Bred Fry Industry in the Philippines: A Welfare Analysis
Authors: Garcia Yolanda T. , Garcia Maria Esperanza T. , Garcia Arnulfo G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study aims to estimate the welfare gains of the Philippine milkfish industry in establishing local fry hatcheries to reduce imports from Indonesia and Taiwan. It also seeks to identify the industry stakeholders who gain from this import substitution endeavour. The economic surplus model was used to estimate the welfare gains from the commercialization of the hatchery-bred milkfish fry in the fishery sector. Specifically, the changes in consumer and/or producer surplus per stakeholder were compared to determine who the biggest gainers are. Results of the study showed that the consumer surplus from the milkfish fry industry was larger than its producer surplus. On the other hand, the reverse was true for the grow-out industry. It is interesting to note that the consumers in the fry industry and the producer in the grow-out industry were the same set of stakeholders, i.e., the milkfish grow-out operators, who gained the most from this development. The study also showed that commercializing the local milkfish hatchery technologies can bring about more benefits to the country than importing fry and fingerlings. Hence, the development of local hatcheries for other aquaculture species can be expected to bring similar welfare gains. More importantly, the technical and financial assistance that were extended by the government’s fishery institutions through the GAINEX project as pioneered by DOST-PCAARRD can serve as an effective catalyst to prospective hatchery operators in reducing the risks, especially when setting-up a new enterprise like the hatchery-bred fry for an emerging aquaculture species in the country.
Success of Selection in Terms of Hygienic Behavior in Struggle Against DWV and Varroa
Authors: Karabağ Kemal , Alemli Ayşe , Tunca Rahşan İvgin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Many studies have reported sudden and large-scale losses in honey bee colonies. There is no precise explanation for this happening, but it may be caused by the interaction of pathogenic viruses and ectoparasite Varroa destructor. Deformed-wing virus (DWV) is common in Apis mellifera L. and has been implicated in worldwide Varroa-associated colony losses. Hygienic behavior may be one of the ways that limit V. destructor infestation level and DWV load. The purpose of this research was to determine whether the selection of higher hygienic behavior is effective against V. destructor and DWV. Workers and pupae of A. m. anatoliaca were collected from colonies showing four generations of hygienic behaviodr, and non-hygienics were used as a control. Loads of DWV were investigated by one-step RT-qPCR, and the bottom-board method was used to allow mites count. The prevalence of DWV in pupae were higher in hygienic colonies (69.0%, average viral load 234.38) than control colonies (60.8% average viral load 937.70). However, the prevalence of worker bees infected with DWV was lower in hygienic colonies (41.3%, average viral load 181627.69) than in control's (66.0%, average viral load 241982.35). Although the averages of the Varroa counts were significantly different for both hygienic (28.92) and control colonies (108.90), we could not find any correlation between DWV loads of both workers and pupae in this study. When all these results are evaluated, the selection performed in terms of hygienic behavior can said to have been said successful against DWV.
Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Variants of Melissococcus plutonius (Ex White), the Causal Agent of European Foulbrood
Authors: de León-Door Adrián Ponce , Pérez-Ordóñez Gerardo , Romo-Chacón Alejandro , Rios-Velasco Claudio , Órnelas-Paz José D. J. , Zamudio-Flores Paul B. , Acosta-Muñiz Carlos H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The bacterium Melissococcus plutonius is the etiologic agent of the European foulbrood (EFB), one of the most harmful bacterial diseases that causes the larvae of bees to have an intestinal infection. Although EFB has been known for more than a century and is practically present in all countries where beekeeping is practiced, the disease has been little studied compared to American foulbrood. Recently, great advances have been made to understand the disease and the interaction between the pathogen and its host. This review summarizes the research and advances to understand the disease. First, the morphological characteristics of M. plutonius, the infection process and bacterial development in the gut of the larva are described. Also, the epidemiological distribution of EFB and factors that favor the development of the disease as well as the classification of M. plutonius according its genomic and phenotype characteristics are reported. Finally, the new molecular tools for the study of M. plutonius, possible virulence factors in its genome, the issue of current EFB control measures and possible alternatives to the use of antibiotics are addressed.
Simulation of the Flat-parallel Movement of a Bridge Agricultural Unit with an Articulated Frame
Authors: Bulgakov Volodymyr , Ivanovs Semjons , Volskyi Volodymyr , Kuvachоv Volodymyr , Ihnatiev Yevhen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The work presents foundations of the dynamics of the flat-parallel movement of a bridge agricultural unit in a horizontal with the kinematic method of its control (turning the wheels) by changing the position of one of its parts relative to the other. The analysis of assessment of the degree of impact of the scheme and parameters of the investigated agricultural tool upon its controllability and stability of movement is based on the amplitude and phase frequency characteristics. The mathematical models of the movement of the bridge agricultural unit are presented in a differential and an operator form of recording. Based on mathematical models, the calculated amplitude and phase frequency characteristics of the dynamic control system of the control impact, presented as the angular displacement of its half-frames ψ, are constructed for various parameters and operating modes. The constructed mathematical models, amplitude and phase frequency characteristics make it possible to assess the impact of the control parameter of the bridge agricultural unit, as well as its design and other parameters upon the controllability of the movement.
Age Structure of Farm Owners and Managers: Problems and the Solutions Thereto in Latvia
Authors: Nipers Aleksejs , Pilvere Irina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe research paper presents the results of research on the situation and trends in the age structure of farm owners or managers in Latvia. The growing world population and the challenges caused by climate change make farmers reconsider their traditional farming practices. Therefore, scientists believe that the aging of farmers is a major obstacle to the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas, as evidenced by the age structure of European Union (EU) farmers and other agricultural workers. Generation renewal is crucial for sustainable land management and food production. In 2018, according to statistical data, the share of agriculture, forestry and fisheries in total gross value added in Latvia was only 3.8%. However, these sectors were the main job creators and drivers of economic development in rural areas. Therefore,the aim of the present research isto assess trends in the age structure of farm managers and owners and the policy instruments applied in Latvia. The results of the research show that despite the policy instruments implemented in Latvia after its accession to the EU to support young farmers and promote early retirement of farm owners, the aging process of farm owners and managers occurs relatively fast. The median age of farm owners and managers in Latvia has increased from 53 years in 2009 to 57 years in 2019, which could hinder the development of the agricultural industry and prevent the new challenge of growing global food demand and the negative impacts of climate change from being tackled.
University Students’ Preferences about Savings and Investments at Individual and National level in the 21st Century: The Case of Turkey
Authors: Yumurtaci Aynur , Bagis Bilal 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to capture the favored both national and individual saving and investment perceptions of the Turkish youth. Also, the research contributes to the understanding of the common preferences of the youth and focuses on perceptions over their home country’s saving-investment decisions. We reason, it is important to evaluate views of the youth on national savings and investments as they will be both the decision-makers determining the economic and social policies of the near future and the ones that are directly impacted by these policies implemented today. For this purpose, a questionnaire is applied to randomly selected 550 university students in Turkey and the results are analyzed by the chi-square test. Accordingly, students have mostly preferred that investments should be primarily made to the education sector at national level while investment made for the social security system is placed on the last rank. In addition, education is the most important individual investment choice of participants. On the other hand, information technologies, energy, and agriculture are identified as the most significant investment areas, which could be potentially increased the global competitiveness of their home country. Another important outcome of this research is that students prefer to invest their individual savings in gold and real estate investments, respectively.
Numerical Modeling of the RDE
Authors: Folusiak Michal , Swiderski Karol , Wolanski Piotr 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The idea of using the phenomenon of rotating detonation to propulsion has its roots in fifties of the last century in works of Adamson et al. and Nicholls et al. at the University of Michigan. The idea was recently reinvented and experimental research and numerical simulations on the Rotating Detonation Engine (RDE) are carried in numerous institutions worldwide, in Poland at Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) since 2004. Over the period 2010-2014 WUT and Institute of Aviation (IOA) jointly implemented the project under the Innovative Economy Operational Programme entitled ‘Turbine engine with detonation combustion chamber’. The goal of the project was to replace the combustion chamber of turboshaft engine GTD-350 with the annular detonation chamber.
This paper is focused on investigation of the influence of a geometry and flow conditions on the structure and propagation stability of the rotating detonation wave. Presented results are in majority an outcome of the aforementioned programme, in particular authors’ works on the development of the in-house code REFLOPS USG and its application to simulation of the rotating detonation propagation in the RDE.
Transport w planowaniu miejscowym – problemy okiem praktyka
Authors: Goras Ewa , Popiela Jacek 
Published: December 2020

AbstraktW artykule przedstawiono szereg problemów, z którymi spotyka się urbanista w trakcie prowadzonych prac w odniesieniu do planowania rozwiązań transportowych w planistycznych dokumentach gminnych. Ze względu na złożoność problematyki nie było możliwości przedstawienia w prezentowanym materiale pełnej skali występujących problemów. Materiał ujmuje autorskie doświadczenia ze szczególnym ukierunkowaniem na problemy związane z planowaniem sieci drogowych, które występują najczęściej i rodzą też najwięcej konfliktów – tak podczas procedur sporządzania projektów dokumentów, jak i po ich uchwaleniu przez rady gmin. Artykuł poszerza omawianą problematykę o niezbędne definicje i pojęcia oraz zestawienie podstaw prawnych obowiązujących w planowaniu przestrzennym w odniesieniu do opracowywanych rozwiązań transportowych.
Are Growth Led Financing Decisions Causing Insolvency in Listed Firms of Pakistan?
Authors: Hussain Rana Yassir , Wen Xuezhou , Butt Rehan Sohail , Hussain Haroon , Qalati Sikandar Ali , Abbas Irfan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We examine the relationship between growth opportunities and insolvency risk in a mediating framework through financing decisions for 330 listed firms on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) This study covers a data period of five years ranging from 2013 to 2017. Financing decisions used in this study involve capital structure decision and debt maturity decision. We applied robust clustered panel OLS regression to the data and found a negative relationship between growth opportunities and insolvency risk in all samples consisting of overall, large and small firms. Growth opportunities have a negative impact on the capital structure, but debt maturity was influenced positively. Financing decisions influenced the insolvency risk positively. We used Baron and Kenny’s (1986) approach to detect the intervening effects of financing decisions. Further, Sobel’s test used to check the significance of mediation. Partial mediation was found for the debt maturity ratio in the large and overall sample of firms. However, the capital structure did not mediate the relationship between growth opportunities and insolvency risk in this study.
Towards better understanding electronic music festivals motivation
Authors: Hodak Danijela Ferjanić , Belošević Goran , Vlahov Antonio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Electronic music festivals became one of the most successful forms of tourism for young adults. In the paper, authors aimed to explored the motivation and the perception of the potential visitors of electronic music festivals in Croatia and to identify the key dimensions of electronic music festivals. Instrument used for the primary research was a structured on-line questionnaire distributed among students of the University of Zagreb. In total, 350 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Factor analyses resulted with three factors concerning motivation (music and fun, travel, socialization). Motives with the highest mean value are closely related with the core of electronic music festival offer, but other motives should not be neglected. Paper provides several recommendations for the improvement of electronic music festival offer and suggest the direction and possibilities for the future research.