bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on IgG versus IgM Levels in TLR-Stimulated B Cells
Authors: Gilljam Karin Margaretha , Holm Kristine Lillebø , Zahoor Muhammad , Centonze Federica Grazia , Farhan Hesso , Blomhoff Heidi Kiil 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
It is becoming increasingly evident that reactive oxygen species (ROS) have critical roles as “second messengers” in cell signaling. In B cells, ROS can be generated either as a byproduct of mitochondrial respiration, as a result of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response induced by high production of Igs, or by the activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX) complexes. Having previously shown that costimulation of B cells via TLR 9 and the TLR-related receptor RP105 drives maturation of human peripheral blood B cells into Ig-producing cells, we aimed to study the role of ROS generated during this vital process. To this end, the ROS levels were either reduced by the NOX inhibitor VAS2870 or by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). We revealed that TLR9/RP105-mediated stimulation of human B cells involved a rapid activation of NOX. Moreover, VAS2870 blocked the TLR9/RP105-induced B cell activation and thereby all Ig production. Importantly, we showed that ROS targeted by NAC was selectively required for IgG but not for IgM production. The endoplasmic reticulum stress response in the TLR9/RP105-stimulated cells was higher in IgG+ than in IgG− cells and was reduced by NAC in IgG+ cells only. Of note, we revealed that substantially higher levels of IgG than IgM were produced per cell and that IgG+ cells produced significantly higher ROS levels than IgG− cells. Taken together, our results imply that NAC-targeted ROS may be particularly important for sustaining the high Ig production in IgG+ B cells.
Progress in Understanding the Origins of Excellent Corrosion Resistance in Metallic Alloys: From Binary Polycrystalline Alloys to Metallic Glasses and High Entropy Alloys
Authors: Gerard Angela Y. , Lutton Katie , Lucente Ashley , Frankel Gerald S. , Scully John R. 
Published: March 2020

Some of the factors responsible for good corrosion resistance of select polycrystalline and emerging alloys in chloride solutions are discussed with a goal of providing some perspectives on the current status and future directions. Traditional metallic glass alloys, single phase high entropy alloys (HEAs), early metallic glasses, and high entropy metallic glasses are all emerging corrosion-resistant alloys (CRAs) that utilize traditional strategies for improved corrosion resistance as well as take advantage of some other novel beneficial attributes. These materials enjoy many degrees of freedom as far as choice of both composition and structure, providing great flexibility in the pursuit of superior corrosion resistance. The new materials depart from classical solvent-solute type polycrystalline binary or ternary alloys. Thus, such emerging materials provide significant opportunities to achieve even greater improvements in corrosion resistance in harsh environments. Several examples of the unique corrosion properties of selected materials in the context of modern theories of corrosion are discussed herein. Discussion is restricted to solid-solution binary or ternary polycrystalline alloys, several metallic glass alloys, and single phase HEAs. A common feature of many CRAs is that composition and microstructure often affect both passivity and resistance to localized corrosion that can be divided into initiation, stabilization, and propagation stages. Enormous complexities in protective oxide structures and chemistries and the large number of combinatorial possibilities in newer materials such as HEAs preclude trial-and-error approaches and perhaps even combinatorial experimental design. Computational materials methodologies will be required in the search for new corrosion-resistant alloys in these material classes. The search must consider the best scientific insights available regarding how major and minor alloy additions, as well as various microstructural attributes, contribute to corrosion mitigation. Additional scientific insights, as they emerge, will enable choices beyond the reliance on high concentrations of alloying elements that are known to affect passivity breakdown and pit stabilization. A challenge is to connect the “basic attributes” of an alloy with its properties. The strength of this connection will likely require new scientific principles enabling deep multiphysics insights in order to link feature(s) such as composition and metallurgical phases to the desired corrosion properties. Application of data informatics will likely also play a role given the plethora of variables that are important in corrosion and the difficulty in assessing all relationships. The opportunity exists to accelerate the design of emerging materials for high corrosion resistance.
The Ideal Romantic Partner Morality
Authors: Oda Ryo , Hayashi Kanako 
Published: March 2020

Assortative mating must be important for maintaining morality in a population, as moral principles are shared by most people in a group. Breeding by a pair with similar morals results in genetic and cultural transmission of these morals to the next generation, which maintains the moral norms of the group. In this study, we investigated absolute and relative mate preferences in relation to particular moral foundations, as represented by five general moral values. In both sexes, correlations between ratings for self and an ideal romantic partner on these factors were rather high (.67 ≤ r ≤ .84). Differences between self-ratings and ratings for the ideal romantic partner did not deviate significantly from zero for any of these factors.
Tuberosity Repair in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Fracture Using a Stem-based Double-row Repair: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Shishani Yousef , Bishop Meghan E. , Romeo Anthony A. , Lederman Evan , Gobezie Reuben 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:The optimal tuberosity repair method in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for fracture is unknown.Methods:Eight matched pairs of cadaver shoulders were randomly assigned to a stem-based tuberosity repair technique or a nonstem-based repair (Boileau technique) and mechanically tested with a 10 kN load cell. Cyclic loading was performed between 10 and 100 N for 500 cycles at 1 Hz, followed by static pull to failure at 33 mm/s. Ultimate load was determined from the maximum load reached during the pull to failure. A paired Studentt-test was used to compare the means of the ultimate load and average cyclic displacement of the two sample groups.Results:The ultimate load to failure for the stem-based tuberosity repair technique was significantly higher than the nonstem-based technique (668 ± 164 N versus 483 ± 67 N;P= 0.032). The average cyclic displacement for the stem-based tuberosity repair technique was significantly less than the nonstem-based technique 0 (0.83 ± 0.67 mm versus 3.36 ± 2.36 mm;P= 0.017).Conclusion:The stem-based tuberosity repair technique afforded higher ultimate load to failure with less average cyclic displacement than the nonstem-based technique. Consideration to the stem-based technique should be given when performing a tuberosity repair in the setting of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for fracture.Level of Evidence:Level III
16 Yaş Altı Çocuklarda Akciğer Hidatik Kist Cerrahisi: Vaka Serisi
Authors: ULUŞAN Ahmet , HENGİRMEN Mehmet Alper , ŞANLI Maruf , IŞIK Ahmet Feridun 
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Akciğer hidatik kistinin parankim koruyucu cerrahi yöntemleri ile tedavisinin hem çocuklarda hem de yetişkinlerde iyi bir tedavi seçeneği olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ancak bu dönemde yayınlanan, çok az sayıda pediatrik çalışma yapılmıştır. Amacımız, pediatrik hastalarda sonuçları gözden geçirmek ve parankim koruyucu yöntemlerin etkinliğini değerlendirmektir.
Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya pulmoner hidatik kist nedeniyle 2008-2019 yılları arasında opere edilen, 16 yaş altı (ortalama yaşı 8.4± 3,4 yıl) olan 75 hasta dahil edildi.
Bulgular: Hastalardan akciğerin farklı bölgelerinde bulunan toplam 108 kist cerrahi olarak çıkarılmıştır. Hastaların ortalama kist boyutu 6,75±2,4 cm’dir. 12 (%16) hastada dev kist tespit edildi. Ameliyat sonrası bir hastada kanama, diğer bir hastada bronkoplevral fistül görüldü. 4 hastada nüks görülürken, mortalite görülmedi.
Sonuç: Çocukluk çağındaki akciğerin yapısal özeliklerinden dolayı dev hidatik kistlerin oranı erişkinlerden fazladır. Bu durum hidatik kist cerrahisinde lobektomi gibi radikal yaklaşımları akla getirse de parankim koruyucu yöntemlerinin etkili sonuçlar gösterdiğini ortaya koyduk.
Kliniğimizde Cerrahi Olarak Tedavi Edilen Göz Kapağı Tümörlerinin Histopatolojik Bulguları
Authors: UZLU Dilek , AKYOL Nurettin , ERCİN Mustafa Emre , TÜRK Adem , İMAMOĞLU Halil İbrahim 
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Göz kapağından kitle eksizyonu yapılan olguların klinik ve histopatolojik sonuçlarını değerlendirmek
Yöntemler: Ocak 2009-Eylül 2018 tarihleri arasında göz kapağından total kitle eksizyonu yapılan 109 hastanın klinik ve histopatolojik sonuçları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Olguların yaşı, cinsiyeti, kitlenin yerleşim yeri, boyutu ve histopatolojik tanıları kaydedildi.
Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 54,07 (1-88) olan 54 (%49,5) ‘ü erkek, 55 (%50,5) ‘i kadın 109 hasta çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Eksize edilen kitlelerin 75 (%68,8)’i benign, 5 (%4,6)’i premalign ve 29 (%26,6) ‘u malign idi. Tümör yerleşim yerine bakıldığında göz kapağı benign tümörleri en sık üst kapakta izlenirken (%46,7), premalign ve malign göz kapağı lezyonları sıklıkla alt kapakta (%75,9) yerleşim göstermekteydi. Göz kapağında sık görülen benign tümörler sırasıyla skuamöz papillom (%13,8), epidermal kist (%12,8), intradermal nevüs (%10,1) ve seboreik keratoz (%10,1) idi. Benign göz kapağı tümörlerinde yaş ortalaması 47,9 (1-85) ve ortalama tümör boyutu 0,66 (0,2-3) cm idi. En sık görülen malign göz kapağı tümörü %20,2 oranında bazal hücreli karsinom idi. Bazal hücreli karsinomların %63,7’si kadın olup, yaş ortalaması 68,2(45-87) idi. Göz kapağı lezyonlarından bazal hücreli karsinom (%63,6) ve intradermal nevüs (%72,7) kadınlarda daha sık izlenirken, epidermal kist (%64,3), seboreik keratoz (%72,7) ve skuamöz papillom (%66,7) erkeklerde daha fazla izlenmekteydi.
Sonuç: Kliniğimizde en sık cerrahi tedavi uygulanan benign göz kapak tümörü skuamöz papillom, malign göz kapağı tümörü ise bazal hücreli karsinom idi. Malign tümörler sıklıkla ileri yaşlarda gözlenmekle beraber genç orta yaşta da görülebileceğinden, eksize edilen tüm kitleler patolojik olarak değerlendirilmelidir.
Cerrahi Olarak Tedavi Edilen Distal Radius Kırıklarının Klinik Profili
Authors: KURU Tolgahan , YİLMAZ Onur 
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı hastanemiz acil servisine başvuran ve kliniklerimizde distal radius kırığı nedeniyle cerrahi olarak tedavi edilen ve takipleri yapılan hastaların kırık paternleri ve uygulanan tedaviler ile kırık kaynaması arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır.
Yöntemler: Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların epikrizleri ve X-ray görüntüleri taranarak DRF’leri AO sınıflandırma sistemine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Ayrıca hastaların yaşı, cinsiyeti, kırık oluşma paterni, uygulanan tedavi türü, konservatif olarak takip edilen hastalarda cerrahi yapılıp yapılmadığı, hastanede yatış süresi, izlem süresi, kaynama durumu ve komplikasyonları kaydedilmiştir. Hastalara uygulanan tedavilerin sonuçları komplikasyonlar ve kırık kaynaması açısından değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Kliniğimizde cerrahi olarak tedavi edilen distal radius kırıklarının 41’inde (%78.8) doğrudan travma sonrası cerrahi planlanırken, 11’inde ise (%21.2) acil serviste kapalı redüksiyon sonrası sirküler alçı uygulandıktan sonra poliklinik takiplerinde kırık hattında kayma olması üzerine cerrahi planlama yapılmıştır. Hastaların ortalama yatış süresi 3.5 ± 1.8 (min-maks: 1-10) gün olarak bulunmuştur. Ortalama izlem süresi 95.8 ± 51.7 gündür. Konservatif olarak takip edilen ve sonrasında cerrahi tedavi uygulanan hastaların yaş ortalaması doğrudan cerrahi uygulanan hastalardan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde daha yüksektir (p=0.045). İki grup arasında preoperatif voler tilt, radial inklinasyon, radial uzunluk ve eklem basamaklanması açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır.
Sonuç: Hastalarımızda uygulanan çeşitli cerrahi tekniklerinin tümünde tam kaynama sağlanmış olup, bu teknikler arasında postoperatif komplikasyonlar açısından anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır.
School Students’ Perception on Risky Behavior and Their Utilization of Health Care Services
Authors: Hamid Siti Hazariah Abdul , Hasan Muhammad Kamil Che , Nurumal Mohd Said , Tutasting@Rawi Noor Faizah 
Published: March 2020

The Malaysia Ministry of Health reported adolescents’ low utilization of healthcare services, although they need this service as a consequence of their involvement in risky behavior. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine adolescents’ perception on risk taking behavior and their utilization of health care services. A modified self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 250 secondary school students aged 13 and 14 years in one of the selected schools in Malacca, Malaysia. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20. Fastfood consumption, loitering after school, physical fighting, smoking, and non-use of helmets were the most reported risky behaviors among adolescents in Malaysia. More than half of the adolescents who knew about health care services had a positive perception on their utilization of such services. Thus, the promotion of adolescents’ health services helps increase their use of these services and consequently achieve a healthy lifestyle. Abstrak Persepsi Siswa Sekolah terhadap Perilaku Risiko dan Pemanfaatan Layanan Perawatan Kesehatan. Kementerian Kesehatan Malaysia melaporkan rendahnya pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan oleh remaja, meskipun mereka membutuhkan layanan ini sebagai konsekuensi dari keterlibatan mereka dalam perilaku berisiko. Studi cross-sectional ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi remaja tentang perilaku pengambilan risiko dan pemanfaatannya terhadap layanan perawatan kesehatan. Kuesioner mandiri yang dimodifikasi digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dari 250 siswa sekolah menengah berusia 13 dan 14 tahun di salah satu sekolah yang dipilih di Malaka, Malaysia. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 20. Konsumsi makanan cepat saji, berkeliaran sepulang sekolah, perkelahian fisik, merokok, dan tidak menggunakan helm adalah perilaku berisiko yang paling banyak dilaporkan di kalangan remaja di Malaysia. Lebih dari setengah remaja yang tahu tentang layanan perawatan kesehatan memiliki persepsi positif tentang pemanfaatan layanan tersebut. Dengan demikian, promosi layanan kesehatan remaja membantu meningkatkan penggunaan layanan ini dan akibatnya mencapai gaya hidup sehat. Kata kunci: layanan perawatan kesehatan remaja, perilaku berisiko, sekolah
Differential Effects of Parental Education and Parental Occupation on Identity Development of Dharwad Pre-University College Students
Authors: Bhatt Maneesha , Pujar Lata 
Published: March 2020

A study was conducted among urban and rural Pre-University College students (16-18 years) who were randomly selected from four science coaching institutes of Dharwad taluk. A quantitative research method involving cross-sectional research design was used. Under it, firstly, a differential research design was used to know the differences in identity development of urban and rural Dharwad PUC students by their parents education and occupation. A random sample of 10 to 15 per cent were drawn from each class summing up to a total of 156 PUC-I and 156 PUC-II students from Dharwad science coaching institutes. Rural samples comprised of those students, who had completed their school education till Class-10th in their village and had come for PUC studies in coaching institutes of Dharwad located in urban area. Differential and correlational research designs were used to know the difference and relationship between identity development of PUC students and their parents education and occupation. Dimension of identity development scale was used to assess identity development of PUC students and general information schedule was used to gather basic information about respondents. Chi-square and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. The results of the present study revealed that, father’s education and occupation was not significantly associated with identity development of urban and rural PUC students. However, mother’s education was significantly associated and differed with identity development of urban PUC students. Mother’s occupation was also significantly associatedand differed with identity development of urban and rural PUC students. Thus, there is a need to invest more on quality education of parents which can mitigate poor identity development of PUC students.
Clinico-microbilogical Profile of Chronic Osteomyelitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India
Authors: Bashir Humaira , Nazir Asifa 
Published: March 2020

Aims: Chronic osteomyelitis is an important clinical entity in patients with bone infections and is associated with great morbidity especially in developing countries. It is a persistent disease, difficult to treat and eradicate completely. Early identification and diagnosis of osteomyelitis has led to the improved management of osteomyelitis. This study was undertaken to determine the bacteriological profile of osteomyelitis and the antibiotic resistance pattern of various isolates obtained.
Study Design: It was a prospective cross-sectional hospital based study.
Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Srinagar, from January 2019 to December 2019.
Methodology: In all, 208 patients with chronic osteomyelitis were documented during the study period. Clinical specimens like pus, pus swabs, sequestrum of bone and synovial fluid were taken and cultured aerobically .The samples were processed using standard microbiological techniques. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the bacterial isolates were done using the Vitek 2 (bioMerieux, France) system.
Results: A total of 208 samples were received out of which, 91 (43.75%) were positive by culture. Out of the 91 positive samples, Staphylococcus aureus 65 (64.2%) was the most commonly isolated pathogen and 67.6% of Staphylococcus aureus were MRSA. Other important organisms isolated included Acinetobacter sp (10.98%), E. coli (6.59%), Proteus mirabilis (4.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.1%). All the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to Penicillin. However, Vancomycin resistance was not detected in any of the patients with MRSA. All Gram negative bacilli were sensitive to Colistin.
Conclusion: The wide range of causative organisms and degree of resistance to commonly used anti- microbials supports the importance of pus culture and provides important information to guide clinician’s choice of empirical antibiotics. Appropriate selection of antibiotic would help to treat the disease successfully and limit the emergence of drug resistant strains to prevent morbidity & mortality.
Concordance between TP53 alterations in blood and tissue: impact of time interval, biopsy site, cancer type and circulating tumor DNA burden
Authors: Bieg‐Bourne Cheyennedra C. , Okamura Ryosuke , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: March 2020

We examined the impact of spatial, temporal, histologic, and quantitative factors on concordance betweenTP53alterations in tissue DNA vs in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Four hundred and thirty‐three patients underwent next‐generation sequencing (NGS) in which both tissue and blood samples were evaluated.TP53was detected in 258 of 433 patients (59.6%); 215 had tissueTP53alterations (49.7%); 159, ctDNA (36.7%); and 116, both tissue and ctDNA (27.8%). Overall concordance rate between ctDNA and tissue biopsies forTP53alterations was 67.2%; positive concordance was 45.0%. Overall concordance forTP53did not vary among patients with ≤ 2 months vs > 6 months between test samples; however, positive concordance trended higher when time intervals between test samples were shorter, suggesting that the lack of difference in overall concordance may be due to the large number of negative/negative tests. There was a trend toward higher overall concordance based on biopsy site (metastatic vs primary) (P = 0.07) and significantly higher positive concordance if the tissue biopsy site was a metastatic lesion (P = 0.03). Positive concordance significantly decreased in noncolorectal cancer patients vs colorectal cancer patients (P = 0.02). Finally, higher %ctDNA was associated with higher concordance rates between blood and tissue (P < 0.001). Taken together, these data indicate that both blood and tissue DNA sequencing are necessary to evaluate the full scope ofTP53alterations, and that concordance rates may be related to multiple factors including, but not limited to, amount of ctDNA, histologic context, and site of tissue biopsy.
Redox Flow – Zn–Br
Authors: Kim Hee‐Tak , Lee Ju‐Hyuk , Kim Dae Sik , Yang Jung Hoon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article covers zinc–bromine redox flow battery (ZBB) technology, which is a redox flow battery technology that is suitable for large‐scale energy storage. Due to its nonflammability, relatively high energy density, and modular design, the ZBB is now a promising candidate for energy storage systems on multi‐kW to MW scales. This article presents a thorough description of the electrochemical principle, major components, and structural design of ZBB. The information collected from a wide range of studies is organized in a new configuration to elicit the key features of ZBB technology and the issues involved in advanced ZBB technology.
Tunable Microlasers Modulated by Intracavity Spherical Confinement with Chiral Liquid Crystal
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Yuan Zhiyi , Qiao Zhen , Barshilia Devesh , Wang Wenjie , Chang Guo‐En , Chen Yu‐Cheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractManipulation of laser emission offers promising opportunities for the generation of new spatial dimensions and applications, particularly in nanophotonics, super‐resolution imaging, and data transfer devices. However, the ability to control laser modes and wavelength in a microcavity remains challenging. Here, a novel approach is demonstrated to control laser modes by manipulating the 3D‐optical confinement, chirality, and orientations in a Fabry−Pérot microcavity with cholesteric liquid crystal droplets. Different configurations of intracavity micro‐/nanostructures generate versatile dimensions of laser modes, while the significantly reduced laser mode volume further leads to single‐mode lasing. Theoretical analysis is carried out to support this interesting discovery. Finally, switchable lasing wavelength with various surface anchoring forces and pH interactions is demonstrated. This novel concept not only provides a simple yet highly versatile method to manipulate laser emissions, but deepens insight into how molecules interact with and modulate laser light, laying the foundation for the development of tunable photonic devices at the molecular level. Promising applications include highly selective laser devices, laser‐emission imaging, and bioinspired sensing.
Burn‐McKeown syndrome with biallelic promoter type 2 deletion in TXNL4A in two siblings
Authors: Narayanan Dhanya L. , Purushothama Greeshma , Bhavani Gandham SL. , Shukla Anju 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBurn‐McKeown syndrome (BMKS) (MIM# 608572) is a rare condition caused by biallelic variants in TXNL4A. BMKS is characterized by craniofacial dysmorphism, choanal atresia, and normal intellect in affected individuals. BMKS has overlapping clinical features with Treacher Collins syndrome. Till date, 15 families have been described with BMKS. Homozygosity or compound heterozygosity of promoter deletions and null variants in TXNL4A are known to cause most cases of BMKS. We describe the first Indian family with two siblings with BMKS and promoter type 2 deletion in homozygous state.