bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Nigerian final year undergraduate students of the adequacy of the pharmacy curriculum for mental health care
Authors: Saka Sule A. , Akanbi Oluwaseyi S. , Eze Uchenna I. H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing concern about the adequacy of undergraduate curricula in schools of pharmacy worldwide regarding mental health. In Nigeria, both Bachelor and Doctor of Pharmacy degrees (BPharm and PharmD, respectively) are offered, but little is known about the scope of mental health care in either curriculum.AimThis study evaluated the perceptions of final year undergraduate students regarding the adequacy of the pharmacy curriculum in mental health care and their preparedness for a career in the field.MethodsA pretested 33‐item questionnaire was administered to 950 (BPharm, n = 858; PharmD, n = 92) consecutively selected final year undergraduate students in the 19 accredited schools of pharmacy in Nigeria who had undergone experiential learning in teaching hospitals and community pharmacies and registered for the 2017–18 academic year.ResultsMost respondents (618/950; 65.1%) had no explicit learning on common mental disorders at the time of the study, and this did not differ significantly between the BPharm and PharmD respondents (p = 0.66). Most respondents (763/950; 80.3%) strongly disagreed or disagreed with the assertion that ‘the curriculum exposes students to real‐life mental health practice’. Furthermore, of the 932 that responded to the assertion that ‘pharmacy undergraduate curriculum prepares one adequately to practice mental health pharmacy’ 613 (65.8%) strongly disagreed or disagreed, with no significant difference between the PharmD and BPharm groups (p = 0.085). The respondents (460/950; 48.4%) would not specialise in mental health pharmacy, 38.0% (175/460) because they felt unprepared in terms of skills.ConclusionThe respondents perceived the pharmacy curriculum as inadequate for mental health care and considered this inadequacy a hindrance towards its practice in Nigeria.
Process design kit and design automation for flexible hybrid electronics
Authors: Huang Tsung‐Ching , Lei Ting , Shao Leilai , Sivapurapu Sridhar , Swaminathan Madhavan , Bao Zhenan , Cheng Kwang‐Ting , Beausoleil Raymond 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigh‐performance and low‐cost flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) are desirable for applications such as Internet of Things (IoT), wearable electronics, and flexible displays. However, design toolkit, design methodology, and compact models that play an essential role in designing complex FHE circuits and systems are still missing today. To fill this gap, here we report (a) the process design kit (PDK) dedicated to electronic design automation for FHE circuits and systems and (b) solution process–proven intellectual property (IP) blocks, which serves as a stepping stone for designing large‐scale flexible thin‐film transistor (TFT) circuits. The proposed FHE‐PDK is made compatible with modern electronics design tools for users to design, simulate, and verify physical design of flexible hybrid systems.
Prediction of vestibular schwannoma recurrence using artificial neural network
Authors: Abouzari Mehdi , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Sarna Brooke , Khosravi Pooya , Reutershan Trevor , Mostaghni Navid , Lin Harrison W. , Djalilian Hamid R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare two statistical models, namely logistic regression and artificial neural network (ANN), in prediction of vestibular schwannoma (VS) recurrence.MethodsSeven hundred eighty‐nine patients with VS diagnosis completed an online survey. Potential predictors for recurrence were derived from univariate analysis by reaching the cut off P value of .05. Those nine potential predictors were years since treatment, surgeon's specialty, resection amount, and having incomplete eye closure, dry eye, double vision, facial pain, seizure, and voice/swallowing problem as a complication following treatment. Multivariate binary logistic regression model was compared with a four‐layer 9‐5‐10‐1 feedforward backpropagation ANN for prediction of recurrence.ResultsThe overall recurrence rate was 14.5%. Significant predictors of recurrence in the regression model were years since treatment and resection amount (both P < .001). The regression model did not show an acceptable performance (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.64; P = .27). The regression model's sensitivity and specificity were 44% and 69%, respectively and correctly classified 56% of cases. The ANN showed a superior performance compared to the regression model (AUC = 0.79; P = .001) with higher sensitivity (61%) and specificity (81%), and correctly classified 70% of cases.ConclusionThe constructed ANN model was superior to logistic regression in predicting patient‐answered VS recurrence in an anonymous survey with higher sensitivity and specificity. Since artificial intelligence tools such as neural networks can have higher predictive abilities compared to logistic regression models, continuous investigation into their utility as complementary clinical tools in predicting certain surgical outcomes is warranted.
Hippocampus segmentation on noncontrast CT using deep learning
Authors: Porter Evan , Fuentes Patricia , Siddiqui Zaid , Thompson Andrew , Levitin Ronald , Solis David , Myziuk Nick , Guerrero Thomas 
Published: February 2020

PurposeAccurate segmentation of the hippocampus for hippocampal avoidance whole‐brain radiotherapy currently requires high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in addition to neuroanatomic expertise for manual segmentation. Removing the need for MR images to identify the hippocampus would reduce planning complexity, the need for a treatment planning MR imaging session, potential uncertainties associated with MRI‐computed tomography (CT) image registration, and cost. Three‐dimensional (3D) deep convolutional network models have the potential to automate hippocampal segmentation. In this study, we investigate the accuracy and reliability of hippocampal segmentation by automated deep learning models from CT alone and compare the accuracy to experts using MRI fusion.MethodsRetrospectively, 390 Gamma Knife patients with high‐resolution CT and MR images were collected. Following the RTOG 0933 guidelines, images were rigidly fused, and a neuroanatomic expert contoured the hippocampus on the MR, then transferred the contours to CT. Using a calculated cranial centroid, the image volumes were cropped to 200 × 200 × 35 voxels, which were used to train four models, including our proposed Attention‐Gated 3D ResNet (AG‐3D ResNet). These models were then compared with results from a nested tenfold validation. From the predicted test set volumes, we calculated the 100% Hausdorff distance (HD). Acceptability was assessed using the RTOG 0933 protocol criteria, and contours were considered passing with HD ≤ 7 mm.ResultsThe bilateral hippocampus passing rate across all 90 models trained in the nested cross‐fold validation was 80.2% for AG‐3D ResNet, which performs with a comparable pass rate (P = 0.3345) to physicians during centralized review for the RTOG 0933 Phase II clinical trial.ConclusionsOur proposed AG‐3D ResNet's segmentation of the hippocampus from noncontrast CT images alone are comparable to those obtained by participating physicians from the RTOG 0933 Phase II clinical trial.
Multi‐spin echo T2 relaxation imaging with compressed sensing (METRICS) for rapid myelin water imaging
Authors: Dvorak Adam V. , Wiggermann Vanessa , Gilbert Guillaume , Vavasour Irene M. , MacMillan Erin L. , Barlow Laura , Wiley Neale , Kozlowski Piotr , MacKay Alex L. , Rauscher Alexander , Kolind Shannon H. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeMyelin water imaging (MWI) provides a valuable biomarker for myelin, but clinical application has been restricted by long acquisition times. Accelerating the standard multi‐echo T2 acquisition with gradient echoes (GRASE) or by 2D multi‐slice data collection results in image blurring, contrast changes, and other issues. Compressed sensing (CS) can vastly accelerate conventional MRI. In this work, we assessed the use of CS for in vivo human MWI, using a 3D multi spin‐echo sequence.MethodsWe implemented multi‐echo T2 relaxation imaging with compressed sensing (METRICS) and METRICS with partial Fourier acceleration (METRICS‐PF). Scan‐rescan data were acquired from 12 healthy controls for assessment of repeatability. MWI data were acquired for METRICS in 9 m:58 s and for METRICS‐PF in 7 m:25 s, both with 1.5 × 2 × 3 mm3 voxels, 56 echoes, 7 ms ΔTE, and 240 × 240 × 170 mm3 FOV. METRICS was compared with a novel multi‐echo spin‐echo gold‐standard (MSE‐GS) MWI acquisition, acquired for a single additional subject in 2 h:2 m:40 s.ResultsMETRICS/METRICS‐PF myelin water fraction had mean: repeatability coefficient 1.5/1.1, coefficient of variation 6.2/4.5%, and intra‐class correlation coefficient 0.79/0.84. Repeatability metrics comparing METRICS with METRICS‐PF were similar, and both sequences agreed with reference values from literature. METRICS images and quantitative maps showed excellent qualitative agreement with those of MSE‐GS.ConclusionMETRICS and METRICS‐PF provided highly repeatable MWI data without the inherent disadvantages of GRASE or 2D multi‐slice acquisition. CS acceleration allows MWI data to be acquired rapidly with larger FOV, higher estimated SNR, more isotropic voxels and more echoes than with previous techniques. The approach introduced here generalizes to any multi‐component T2 mapping application.
Differentiating the Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter 1 Inhibition Capacity of Canagliflozin vs. Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin Using Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Modeling
Authors: Sokolov Victor , Yakovleva Tatiana , Chu Lulu , Tang Weifeng , Greasley Peter J. , Johansson Susanne , Peskov Kirill , Helmlinger Gabriel , Boulton David W. , Penland Robert C. 
Published: February 2020

The aim of this research was to differentiate dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and canagliflozin based on their capacity to inhibit sodium‐glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 1 and 2 in patients with type 2 diabetes using a previously developed quantitative systems pharmacology model of renal glucose filtration, reabsorption, and excretion. The analysis was based on pooled, mean study‐level data on 24‐hour urinary glucose excretion, average daily plasma glucose, and estimated glomerular filtration rate collected from phase I and II clinical trials of SGLT2 inhibitors. Variations in filtered glucose across clinical studies were shown to drive the apparent differences in the glucosuria dose–response relationships among the gliflozins. A normalized dose–response analysis demonstrated similarity of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin, but not canagliflozin. At approved doses, SGLT1 inhibition by canagliflozin but not dapagliflozin or empagliflozin contributed to ~ 10% of daily urinary glucose excretion.
Magneto‐optical specifications of Rosen‐Morse quantum dot with screw dislocation
Authors: Bahar Mustafa Kemal , Ungan Fatih 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis is the first study to consider a quantum dot with screw dislocation that has Rosen‐Morse (RM) confinement potential, generated by a GaAs/GaAlAs heterostructure. An external magnetic field and Aharonov‐Bohm (AB) flux field were also applied on RM quantum dot (RMQD) in order to stave the effects of a screw dislocation defect. The combined effect of the screw dislocation defect, the external magnetic field, and AB flux field on the total refractive index changes (TRICs) and the total absorption coefficients (TACs) of RMQD are thus investigated. Cylindrical coordinates are used due to the direction of application of the torsion and the external fields, as well as due to the structure's symmetry. The effective mass approximation and tridiagonal matrix methods are used in order to obtain the subband energy spectra and electronic wave functions of RMQD. The nonlinear optical specifications of RMQD are checked using compact‐density‐matrix formalism within the framework of the iterative method. Reviews without screw dislocation are also carried out in order to be able to clarify the effects of a screw dislocation defect on the optical properties, and then, both cases are deliberated. This study is the first attempt to analyze the AB flux field for RMQD without screw dislocation. In the present study, the influences of a screw dislocation defect on RMQD's TRICs and TACs are probed by considering different values of the external magnetic field and AB flux field, and the ranges of corresponding parameters on the optimum of the structure are specified. Moreover, the study also elucidates how to rule out the effects of screw dislocation on optical specifications by means of the external fields. Despite a certain screw dislocation, the frequency range is determined where the structure behaves as if it is perfect (namely, without screw dislocation) for its optimum, which in turn is crucial for experimental applications.
Structural characterization and discrimination of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis by a molecular networking strategy coupled with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Yumei , Fan Qian , Xiang Jun , Huang Haibo , Chen Sheng , Liu Bairu , Wu Aizhi , Zhang Cuixian , Rong Li 
Published: February 2020

RationaleParis polyphylla var. yunnanensis (Franch) Hand Mazz (PPY) is a traditional Chinese medicine with antitumor, antibacterial, hemostatic, and anthelmintic activities. Identification of the chemical composition in PPY is helpful to discover its active ingredients and can be used to establish its quality control protocols.MethodsThe composition of PPY was identified using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF‐MS/MS) coupled with a molecular networking strategy. First, the UHPLC/QTOF‐MS/MS approach was optimized for chemical compound profiling. Then, the MS data were processed using PeakView™ combined with an in‐house database to quickly characterize the secondary metabolites. Finally, molecular networking excavated new molecular weights to discover unknown or trace natural products based on the characteristics of each cluster.ResultsA total of 222 compounds, including 77 isospirostanols, 2 spirostanols, 19 furostanols, 10 pseudospirostanols, 6 cholesterols, 10 C21 steroids, 5 insect metamorphosis hormones, 3 plant sterols, 6 five‐ring triterpenoids, 4 flavonoids, 8 fatty acids, 2 phenylpropanoids, and 8 other compounds, were characterized in PPY by comparing their main fragmentation characteristics and pathways with the literature data, and 62 of them, 54 steroidals and 8 phenylpropanoids, were discovered or tentatively identified for the first time.ConclusionsThis study extended the application of a molecular networking strategy to traditional herbal medicines and developed a molecular networking based screening approach with a significant increase in efficiency for the discovery and identification of trace novel natural products.
Improving Reading Instruction and Students’ Reading Skills in the Early Grades: Evidence From a Randomized Evaluation in Haiti
Authors: Guzmán Juan Carlos , Schuenke-Lucien Kate , D’Agostino Anthony J. , Berends Mark , Elliot Andrew J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn Haiti, 49% of students cannot read a single word in Creole by the time they start grade 3, which is reflective of a broader learning crisis in low‐income and fragile contexts. Read to Learn, an early‐grade literacy intervention, was implemented and evaluated from fall 2014 through spring 2016 with the aim of improving students’ reading skills. Students were given learning materials in their mother tongue, teachers were provided with training and instructional coaching, and various supports for program implementation were established. In a randomized evaluation, the authors assessed students’ reading skills at the beginning of grade 1 and at the end of grades 1 and 2 in treatment and control schools. The authors estimated the impact of the program at the end of grades 1 and 2 with a hierarchical linear model and found positive effects on emergent reading skills and oral reading fluency, with effect sizes ranging between 0.19 and 0.79. The results of this study are an important contribution to knowledge about what works to improve literacy outcomes for students in Haiti and other fragile contexts.
Ertüchtigung der Rheinbrücke Maxau – Teil 2
Authors: Katzik Walter , Scherer Mathias , Maier Dietmar H. , Würfel Till 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAufgrund von Ermüdungsschäden an der orthotropen Fahrbahn der Rheinbrücke Maxau wurde eine Ertüchtigung der Fahrbahn erforderlich. Diese wird durch das Aufbringen einer Aufbetonplatte aus hochfestem Beton realisiert. Die Bauweise wurde bereits mehrfach durch Anwendungen im Ausland und begleitende wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen erprobt. In Deutschland stellt die Fahrbahnertüchtigung der Maxauer Brücke die erste Anwendung auf einer großen Stahlbrücke dar. Im Vorfeld wurden hierzu Erfahrungen an einem vorgezogenen Pilotprojekt gesammelt. Die Herstellung einer Probeplatte ist ein wichtiges Instrument der Qualitätssicherung im Projekt. Die Bauausführung wird detailliert beschrieben. Abschließend wird auf das begleitende Monitoring und die Umsetzung der Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung eingegangen. Nach der erfolgreichen Durchführung der Maßnahme ist künftig auch in Deutschland mit einer breiteren Anwendung dieser Ertüchtigungsmethode zu rechnen.
Ionenstrahlen zur Analyse von Wasserstoff in Festkörpern
Authors: Foest Rüdiger , Schmidt Martin , Kruth Angela 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIon beams for analysis of hydrogen in solidsHydrogen is an important carrier of energy and, in the context of the growing request for renewable energy sources, a candidate for energy storage. Scientific questions relating to the study of the hydrogen of materials arise, on the one hand, from the interaction of hydrogen with the surrounding solid state material and, on the other hand, from the use of solids as a direct storage medium. Ion beam methods have proved suitable for this purpose. The methods secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), elastic recoil detection analysis (ERD) and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) are portrayed. Examples illustrate the techniques, applications for depth analysis are described and the sensitivity of the methods is given.
Excess enthalpy of mixing of mineral solid solutions derived from density-functional calculations
Authors: Benisek Artur , Dachs Edgar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCalculations using the density-functional theory (DFT) in combination with the single defect method were carried out to determine the heat of mixing behaviour of mineral solid solution phases. The accuracy of this method was tested on the halite–sylvite (NaCl–KCl) binary, pyrope–grossular garnets (Mg3Al2Si3O12–Ca3Al2Si3O12), MgO–CaO (halite structure) binary, and on Al/Si ordered alkali feldspars (NaAlSi3O8–KAlSi3O8); as members for coupled substitutions, the diopside–jadeite pyroxenes (CaMgSi2O6–NaAlSi2O6) and diopside–CaTs pyroxenes (CaMgSi2O6–CaAlAlSiO6) were chosen for testing and, as an application, the heat of mixing of the tremolite–glaucophane amphiboles (Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2–Na2Mg3Al2Si8O22(OH)2) was computed. Six of these binaries were selected because of their experimentally well-known thermodynamic mixing behaviours. The comparison of the calculated heat of mixing data with calorimetric data showed good agreement for halite–sylvite, pyrope–grossular, and diopside–jadeite binaries and small differences for the Al/Si ordered alkali feldspar solid solution. In the case of the diopside–CaTs binary, the situation is more complex because CaTs is an endmember with disordered cation distributions. Good agreement with the experimental data could be, however, achieved assuming a reasonable disordered state. The calculated data for the Al/Si ordered alkali feldspars were applied to phase equilibrium calculations, i.e. calculating the Al/Si ordered alkali feldspar solvus. This solvus was then compared to the experimentally determined solvus finding good agreement. The solvus of the MgO–CaO binary was also constructed from DFT-based data and compared to the experimentally determined solvus, and the two were also in good agreement. Another application was the determination of the solvus in tremolite–glaucophane amphiboles (Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2–Na2Mg3Al2Si8O22(OH)2). It was compared to solvi based on coexisting amphiboles found in eclogites and phase equilibrium experiments.
Translating Theory into Practice: Lessons Learned from Developing a Program Model to Foster Resiliency in Expectant and Parenting Youth
Authors: Pressfield Lissa , Campa Mary , Ramstrom Karen , Kabadi Sangi , Lopez Catherine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This paper describes the approach used to develop the Adolescent Family Life Program (AFLP) Positive Youth Development (PYD) Model within the structure of an existing state government-run program.

Description
The California Department of Public Health, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health (CDPH/MCAH) Division undertook an innovative approach to develop a program model to help expectant and parenting youth build resilience. CDPH/MCAH started by assessing existing program efforts and theory to develop and test new strategies in the field, structure a program model, and build toward broader expansion and sustainability. CDPH/MCAH engaged local organizations from across the state, their staff and enrolled youth, experts, and evaluators in an iterative program development process to standardize an effective model that could be replicated and evaluated.

Assessment
Key lessons for program developers and administrators are to ensure adequate staffing with diverse expertise related to the topic and content to support the multiple components of program development and implementation, evaluation, and training; identify the guiding theory and framework early and link them with clearly articulated core components to ensure the final model reflects the intended purpose and is structured to support implementation; engage implementation staff on the ground and focus early and often on processes for supporting people through change.

Conclusion
The lessons learned can guide others working with existing programs to develop standardized program models or translate new science and theory into practice.
Management of dyslipidaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease: a position paper endorsed by the Italian Society of Nephrology
Authors: Pontremoli Roberto , Bellizzi Vincenzo , Bianchi Stefano , Bigazzi Roberto , Cernaro Valeria , Del Vecchio Lucia , De Nicola Luca , Leoncini Giovanna , Mallamaci Francesca , Zoccali Carmine , Buemi Michele 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a major public health issue worldwide and entails a high burden of cardiovascular events and mortality. Dyslipidaemia is common in patients with CKD and it is characterized by a highly atherogenic profile with relatively low levels of HDL-cholesterol and high levels of triglyceride and oxidized LDL-cholesterol. Overall, current literature indicates that lowering LDL-cholesterol is beneficial for preventing major atherosclerotic events in patients with CKD and in kidney transplant recipients while the evidence is less clear in patients on dialysis. Lipid lowering treatment is recommended in all patients with stage 3 CKD or worse, independently of baseline LDL-cholesterol levels. Statin and ezetimibe are the cornerstones in the management of dyslipidaemia in patients with CKD, however alternative and emerging lipid-lowering therapies may acquire a central role in near future. This position paper endorsed by the Italian Society of Nephrology aims at providing useful information on the topic of dyslipidaemia in CKD and at assisting decision making in the management of these patients.