bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Deep Learning based Prediction of Production Demand by using LSTM under the State of Data Sparsity
Authors: Jung Ho-Seok , Park Sungbum 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Rapid market condition changes and growing uncertainties require accurate product demand forecasting to reduce the risks of business operations. So far, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been introduced as the representative models for forecasting time series data. However, it showed limited performance when learning time pattern occurring over a long period of time. This study performs deep learning-based production forecasting analysis with Long-term short-term memory (LSTM) and dropout algorithm as the alternative for the conventional time series analysis methods and the exponential smoothing method. Our result provides the reference for sales target setting, facility investment and production planning, inventory control, supply chain management, and marketing strategy establishment.
Somatosensory Interaction of the Science Exhibition Based on Flow Theory
Authors: Chao Yin , Yang Chen , Wang Jian-Wei , Shi Ruo-Hao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn order to improve the immersion and pleasure of users from science exhibition, a design method based on flow theory is proposed. Based on the flow theory, it proposes to set up clear science goals and sense of substitution for somatosensory interactive science exhibits, to maintain the unity of user skills and task difficulty, to maintain timely and effective feedback, to promote the guidance layer to maintain the continuation of the flow and other design methods, and Use jack simulation software for environment optimization research and analysis. Verification by the flow experience Likert scale proves that this method can greatly increase the probability and duration of the user’s flow state, and effectively compensate for the shortcomings of neglecting the user experience in the design of traditional somatosensory interactive science exhibits. The example proves that the design of the somatosensory interactive science exhibits based on the flow theory can effectively improve the user’s science experience and enhance the user’s immersion and pleasure. This method has good universality.
High-density plasma etching characteristics of aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin films in Cl2/Ar plasma
Authors: Zhang Liting , Joo Young-Hee , Um Doo-Seung , Kim Chang-Il 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We investigated the etching characteristics of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films in an adaptively coupled plasma (ACP) system. The dry etching characteristics of AZO films were studied by changing the Cl2/Ar gas mixing ratio, RF power, DC bias voltage. We determined the following optimized process conditions: RF power of 500 W, DC bias voltage of −100 V, process pressure of 15 mTorr. In Cl2/Ar plasma (=50:50%), the maximum etching rate of AZO films is 70.45 nm min−1. The ion composition of Cl2/Ar plasma was determined by optical emission spectrometry (OES). The chemical reactions on the surface of AZO films were analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Electrical conductivity spectra of hepatic tumors reflect hepatocellular carcinoma progression in mice
Authors: Shetty Sachin , U Anushree , Kumar Rajesh , Bharati Sanjay 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background: Electrical impedance spectroscopy is a technique which evaluates differences in dielectric properties of tissues for cancer identification. Methods: Murine hepatic cancer model was developed by intraperitoneal administration of N-nitrosodiethylamine to male BALB/c mice. Tumors obtained were evaluated for their conductivity in frequency range of (4 Hz–5 MHz). All tumors were subjected to histopathological grading and parameters such as free spacing, necrosis, and cell density were estimated on histological slides. The status of gap junctions and gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) were studied using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, dye transfer assay, and electron microscopy. Results: Histopathological investigation revealed the presence of moderately to poorly-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in mice. All types of tumors showed higher electrical conductivity than normal liver tissue in frequency range (4 Hz–1 kHz). However, in frequency range (10 kHz–5 MHz) only poorly-differentiated tumors showed higher conductivity compared to normal tissue. The most prominent findings in moderately-differentiated and poorly-differentiated HCC were increased visible free spaces and necrosis respectively. The status of cell gap junctions were significantly deteriorated in tumors and a corresponding significant reduction in GJIC was also observed. These biological indicators were correlated with electrical conductivity of hepatic tumors. Conclusion: Variations in electrical conductivity spectra of hepatic tumors reflect progression of HCC. General significance: Future studies can be planned to perform hierarchical clustering of dielectric parameters with more number of tumor samples to establish dielectric spectroscopy-based classification or staging of hepatic tumors.
Artificial Intelligence–Based Screening for Mycobacteria in Whole-Slide Images of Tissue Samples
Authors: Pantanowitz Liron , Wu Uno , Seigh Lindsey , LoPresti Edmund , Yeh Fang-Cheng , Salgia Payal , Michelow Pamela , Hazelhurst Scott , Chen Wei-Yu , Hartman Douglas , Yeh Chao-Yuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to develop and validate a deep learning algorithm to screen digitized acid fast–stained (AFS) slides for mycobacteria within tissue sections.

Methods
A total of 441 whole-slide images (WSIs) of AFS tissue material were used to develop a deep learning algorithm. Regions of interest with possible acid-fast bacilli (AFBs) were displayed in a web-based gallery format alongside corresponding WSIs for pathologist review. Artificial intelligence (AI)–assisted analysis of another 138 AFS slides was compared to manual light microscopy and WSI evaluation without AI support.

Results
Algorithm performance showed an area under the curve of 0.960 at the image patch level. More AI-assisted reviews identified AFBs than manual microscopy or WSI examination (P &lt; .001). Sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy were highest for AI-assisted reviews. AI-assisted reviews also had the highest rate of matching the original sign-out diagnosis, were less time-consuming, and were much easier for pathologists to perform (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
This study reports the successful development and clinical validation of an AI-based digital pathology system to screen for AFBs in anatomic pathology material. AI assistance proved to be more sensitive and accurate, took pathologists less time to screen cases, and was easier to use than either manual microscopy or viewing WSIs.
Variation in cranial asymmetry among the Delphinoidea
Authors: Laeta Maíra , Ruenes Greicy F , Siciliano Salvatore , Oliveira João A , Galatius Anders 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe remarkable directional cranial asymmetry of odontocete skulls has been proposed to be related to sound production. We investigated the variation in quality and quantity of cranial asymmetry in the superfamily Delphinoidea using geometric morphometrics and then investigated the relationship between asymmetry and aspects of sound production. In the average asymmetric shape, the dorsal aspect of the skull outline and interparietal suture crest were displaced to the right, while the nasal septum, nasal bones and right premaxilla were displaced to the left. The nasal bone, premaxilla and maxilla were all larger on the right side. Three delphinoid families presented similar expressions of asymmetry; however, the magnitude of the asymmetry varied. The Monodontidae showed the greatest magnitude of asymmetry, whereas the Phocoenidae were much less asymmetric. The most speciose family, the Delphinidae, presented a wide spectrum of asymmetry, with globicephalines and lissodelphinines among the most and least asymmetric species, respectively. Generalized linear models explaining the magnitude of asymmetry with characteristics of echolocation clicks, habitat use and size revealed associations with source level, dive depth and centroid size. This supports a relationship between asymmetry and sound production, with more asymmetric species emitting louder sounds. For example, louder clicks would be beneficial for prey detection at longer ranges in deeper waters.
Necessity is the mother of invention and the evolutionary force driving the success of in vitro fertilization
Authors: Bartolucci Alison F , Peluso John J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
During the last few decades, millions of healthy children have been born with the aid of in vitro fertilization (IVF). This success belies the fact that IVF treatment is comprised of a complex series of interventions starting with a customized control ovarian stimulation protocol. This is followed by the induction of oocyte maturation, the retrieval of mature oocytes and in vitro fertilization, which often involves the microinjection of a single sperm into the oocyte. After fertilization, the resulting embryos are cultured for up to 7 days. The best embryos are transferred into the uterus where the embryo implants and hopefully develops into a healthy child. However, frequently the best embryos are biopsied and frozen. The biopsied cells are analyzed to identify those embryos without chromosomal abnormalities. These embryos are eventually thawed and transferred with pregnancy rates as good if not better than embryos that are not biopsied and transferred in a fresh cycle. Thus, IVF treatment requires the coordinated efforts of physicians, nurses, molecular biologists and embryologists to conduct each of these multifaceted phases in a seamless and flawless manner. Even though complex, IVF treatment may seem routine today, but it was not always the case. In this review the evolution of human IVF is presented as a series of innovations that resolved a technical hurdle in one component of IVF while creating challenges that eventually lead to the next major advancement. This step-by-step evolution in the treatment of human infertility is recounted in this review.
‘We’re not delivering government’s agenda’: The Community Organisers Programme in England
Authors: Fisher Robert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Community organising is expanding globally. One example is the Community Organisers Programme in England, initiated by the Cameron coalition government from 2011 to 2015. This qualitative study of the Community Organisers Programme juxtaposes critical theory regarding neoliberalism and state devolution with the experiences of fifteen subjects interviewed in 2014 and 2015. The three cohorts included (i) five recruited, salaried and trained community organisers, (ii) five administrative staff from key social service organisations and government and (iii) five external professionals including leading full-time community organisers and/or academic activists recognised in the overall field. The case study confirms expected outcomes regarding the existing theory on neoliberalism and state incorporation. Nevertheless, the interviews revealed both more nuance in relation to the existing theory and literature as well as some surprises in the Community Organisers Programme, which are potentially instructive for future community organising within and outside of social work. Two were (i) the relative absence of bureaucratic burden from the government and sense of autonomy felt by the community organisers and staff and (ii) the progressive potential of adding public funding of community organising to diversify and expand the funding mix in response to our extraordinarily challenging contemporary context.
Motion Coherence and Luminance Contrast Interact in Driving Visual Gamma-Band Activity
Authors: Pellegrini Franziska , Hawellek David J , Pape Anna-Antonia , Hipp Joerg F , Siegel Markus 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Synchronized neuronal population activity in the gamma-frequency range (&gt;30 Hz) correlates with the bottom-up drive of various visual features. It has been hypothesized that gamma-band synchronization enhances the gain of neuronal representations, yet evidence remains sparse. We tested a critical prediction of the gain hypothesis, which is that features that drive synchronized gamma-band activity interact super-linearly. To test this prediction, we employed whole-head magnetencephalography in human subjects and investigated if the strength of visual motion (motion coherence) and luminance contrast interact in driving gamma-band activity in visual cortex. We found that gamma-band activity (64–128 Hz) monotonically increased with coherence and contrast, while lower frequency activity (8–32 Hz) decreased with both features. Furthermore, as predicted for a gain mechanism, we found a multiplicative interaction between motion coherence and contrast in their joint drive of gamma-band activity. The lower frequency activity did not show such an interaction. Our findings provide evidence that gamma-band activity acts as a cortical gain mechanism that nonlinearly combines the bottom-up drive of different visual features.
Serotype Patterns of Pneumococcal Disease in Adults Are Correlated With Carriage Patterns in Older Children
Authors: Wyllie Anne L , Warren Joshua L , Regev-Yochay Gili , Givon-Lavi Noga , Dagan Ron , Weinberger Daniel M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The importance of specific serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) differs by age. Data on pneumococcal carriage in different age groups, along with data on serotype-specific invasiveness, could help explain these age-related patterns and their implications for vaccination.

Methods
Using pneumococcal carriage and disease data from Israel, we evaluated the association between serotype-specific IPD in adults and serotype-specific carriage prevalence among children in different age categories, while adjusting for serotype-specific invasiveness. We estimated carriage prevalence using different age groupings that were selected a priori. The Deviance Information Criterion was used to determine which age groupings of carriage data best fit the adult IPD data. Serotype-specific disease patterns were further evaluated by stratifying IPD data by comorbidity status.

Results
The relative frequency of serotypes causing IPD differed between adults and children, and also differed between older and younger adults and between adults with and without comorbidities. Serotypes overrepresented as causes of IPD in adults were more commonly carried in older children compared with younger children. In line with this, the serotype-specific frequency of carriage in older children, rather than infants, best correlated with serotype-specific IPD in adults.

Conclusions
These analyses demonstrate that the serotype patterns in carriage in older children, rather than infants, are best correlated with disease patterns in adults. This might suggest these older children are more influential for disease patterns in adults. These insights could help in optimizing vaccination strategies to reduce disease burden across all ages.
Reduced Influenza B–Specific Postvaccination Antibody Cross-reactivity in the B/Victoria Lineage–Predominant 2019/20 Season
Authors: Xie Hang , Xiang Ruoxuan , Wan Hamilton J , Plant Ewan P , Radvak Peter , Kosikova Martina , Li Xing , Zoueva Olga , Ye Zhiping , Wan Xiu-Feng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The influenza activity of the 2019/20 season remained high and widespread in the United States with type B viruses predominating the early season. The majority of B viruses characterized belonged to B/Victoria (B/Vic) lineage and contained a triple deletion of amino acid (aa) 162–164 in hemagglutinin (3DEL). These 3DEL viruses are antigenically distinct from B/Colorado/06/2017 (CO/06)—the B/Vic vaccine component of the 2018/19 and 2019/20 seasons representing the viruses with a double deletion of aa 162–163 in hemagglutinin (2DEL).

Methods
We performed molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of circulating B/Vic viruses. We also conducted hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay using archived human postvaccination sera collected from healthy subjects administered with different types of 2018/19 or 2019/20 seasonal vaccines. Their HAI cross-reactivity to representative 3DEL viruses was analyzed.

Results
The CO/06-specific human postvaccination sera, after being adjusted for vaccine type, had significantly reduced HAI cross-reactivity toward representative 3DEL viruses, especially the 136E+150K subgroup. The geometric mean titers against 3DEL viruses containing 136E+150K mutations were 1.6-fold lower in all populations (P = .051) and 1.9-fold lower in adults (P = .016) compared with those against the 136E+150N viruses.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that postvaccination antibodies induced by the B/Vic vaccine component of the 2019/20 influenza season had reduced HAI cross-reactivity toward predominant 3DEL viruses in the United States. A close monitoring of the 3DEL 136E+150K subgroup is warranted should this subgroup return and predominate the 2020/21 influenza season.
Endovascular repair of ascending aortic diseases with custom-made endografts
Authors: Piffaretti Gabriele , Czerny Martin , Riambau Vicente , Gottardi Roman , Wolfgruber Thomas , Probst Chris , Matt Peter , Antonello Michele , Gerosa Gino , Hamady Mohamad , Fontana Federico , Ferrarese Sandro , Lomazzi Chiara , Grassi Viviana , Fernandez-Alonso Sebastian , Trimarchi Santi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this article is to report the mid-term results of ascending thoracic endovascular aortic repair using a custom-made device (CMD).

METHODS
This was a retrospective study performed at tertiary centres. Nine patients considered unfit for open surgery received elective total endovascular repair of the ascending aorta with a Relay® (Terumo Aortic, Sunrise; FL, USA) CMD: pseudoaneurysn (n = 5), localized dissection (n =3) and contained rupture (n = 1).

RESULTS
Primary clinical success was achieved in all patients with no major complications and no early conversion to open surgery. All patients were discharged home and independent: median length of stay was 7 days (interquartile range, 6–18). No patient was lost to follow-up at a median 26 months (interquartile range, 12–36). Three patients died 2, 6 and 24 months after intervention; 1 was aorta related (late aorto-atrial fistula due to infection that required open surgery). At the last follow-up available, no endoleaks, migrations, fractures or ruptures were observed in the remaining 6 patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Ascending thoracic endovascular aortic repair with Terumo Aortic CMDs was technically feasible, effective and safe in very selected lesions. CMDs showed good ascending aorta conformability with different configurations and diameters, and satisfactory mid-term durability as shown by both structural integrity and aortic lesion exclusion.
Vector dynamics influence spatially imperfect genetic interventions against disease
Authors: Yuksel Mete K , Remien Christopher H , Karki Bandita , Bull James J , Krone Stephen M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background and objectives
Genetic engineering and similar technologies offer promising new approaches to controlling human diseases by blocking transmission from vectors. However, in spatially structured populations, imperfect coverage of the vector will leave pockets in which the parasite may persist. Movement by humans may disrupt this local persistence and facilitate eradication when these pockets are small, spreading parasite reproduction outside unprotected areas and into areas that block its reproduction. Here, we consider the sensitivity of this process to biological details: do simple generalities emerge that may facilitate interventions?

Methodology
We develop formal mathematical models of this process similar to standard Ross–Macdonald models, but (i) specifying spatial structure of two patches, with vector transmission blocked in one patch but not in the other, (ii) allowing temporary human movement (travel instead of migration) and (iii) considering two different modes of mosquito biting.

Results
We find that there is no invariant effect of disrupting spatial structure with travel. For both biting models, travel out of the unprotected patch has different consequences than travel by visitors into the patch, but the effects are reversed between the two biting models.

Conclusions and implications
Overall, the effect of human travel on the maintenance of vector-borne diseases in structured habitats must be considered in light of the actual biology of mosquito abundances, biting dynamics and human movement patterns.
Lay summary: Genetic interventions against pathogens transmitted by insect vectors are promising methods of controlling infectious diseases. These interventions may be imperfect, leaving pockets where the parasite persists. How will human movement between protected and unprotected areas affect persistence? Mathematical models developed here show that the answer is ecology-dependent, depending on vector biting behavior.
Evaluating spatial management options for tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) conservation in US Atlantic Waters
Authors: Morgan Alexia , Calich Hannah , Sulikowski James , Hammerschlag Neil 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
There has been debate in the literature over the use and success of spatial management zones (i.e. marine protected areas and time/area closures) as policy tools for commercially exploited sharks. The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) is a highly migratory predator found worldwide in warm temperate and tropical seas, which is caught in multiple US fisheries. We used a spatially explicit modelling approach to investigate the impact of varying spatial management options in the Western North Atlantic Ocean on tiger shark biomass, catch, and distribution, and impacts to other species in the ecosystem. Results suggest that under current management scenarios, tiger shark biomass will increase over time. Model outputs indicate that protecting additional habitats will have relatively minimal impacts on tiger shark biomass, as would increasing or decreasing protections in areas not highly suitable for tiger sharks. However, increasing spatial management protections in highly suitable habitats is predicted to have a positive effect on their biomass. Results also predict possible spill-over effects from current spatial protections. Our results provide insights for evaluating differing management strategies on tiger shark abundance patterns and suggest that management zones may be an effective conservation tool for highly migratory species if highly suitable habitat is protected.