bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of fludarabin, cytarabine, and fractioned gemtuzumab followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for first‐line refractory acute myeloid leukemia in children: A single‐center experience
Authors: Penel‐Page Mathilde , Plesa Adriana , Girard Sandrine , Marceau‐Renaut Alice , Renard Cécile , Bertrand Yves 
Published: April 2020

AbstractContextAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare disease in children, with only 50% to 60% event‐free survival. Among patients with AML, 10% do not respond to first‐line chemotherapy. There is no recommendation concerning second‐line treatments. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is a monoclonal antibody targeting CD33, linked to calicheamicin. We report the efficacy and tolerance of a salvage regimen of fludarabin, cytarabine, and GO (FLA‐GO) in patients refractory to first‐line treatment.MethodsEight patients (median age 14.5 years), who had more than 2% minimal residual disease (MRD) by flow cytometry (MRD flow), received gemtuzumab 3 mg/m² on days 1, 4, 7, associated with cytarabine 2000 mg/m² and fludarabin 30 mg/m² on days 1 to 5.ResultsSix patients achieved complete remission (CR) (blast count morphology ≤5 × 10−2, CR‐MRD flow <1 × 10−3 for four patients). Five patients received a second course. We observed 11 episodes of febrile neutropenia, including 6 septicemias without complication. There was no fungal infection or toxic death. Two patients received granulocyte colony stimulating factor. One patient had partial platelet recovery; one, prolonged pancytopenia. All patients received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We observed five mild‐to‐severe sinusoidal obstruction syndromes during HSCT procedures, particularly in patients who did not receive defibrotide prophylaxis. At the date of last contact (median follow‐up: 58 months; range: 22‐78), six patients were in continuous CR with negative MRD. Two patients died of post‐HSCT relapse.ConclusionFLA‐GO is a good salvage regimen for pediatric refractory AML, with significant but acceptable toxicity. HSCT is mandatory to achieve sustained CR in these patients.
Clinical heterogeneity of pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: D'Souza Amber M. , Towbin Alexander J. , Gupta Anita , Alonso Maria , Nathan Jaimie D. , Bondoc Alex , Tiao Greg , Geller James I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often a chemoresistant neoplasm with a poor prognosis. Pediatric HCC may reflect unique biological and clinical heterogeneity.ProcedureAn IRB‐approved retrospective institutional review of patients with HCC treated between 2004 and 2015 was undertaken. Clinical, radiographic, and histologic data were collected from all patients.ResultsThirty‐two patients with HCC, median age 11.5 years (range 1‐20) were identified. Seventeen patients had a genetic or anatomic predisposition. Histology was conventional HCC (25) and fibrolamellar HCC (7). Evans staging was 1 (12); 2 (1); 3 (10); 4 (9). Sixteen patients underwent resection at diagnosis and five patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Surgical procedures included liver transplantation (LT, 11), hemihepatectomy (9), and segmentectomy (1). Eighteen patients had medical therapy (13 neoadjuvant, 5 adjuvant). Most common initial medical therapy included sorafenib alone (7) and cisplatin/doxorubicin‐based therapy (8). Overall, 14 (43.8%) patients survived with a median follow‐up of 58.8 months (range 26.5‐157.6). Cause of death was most often linked to lack of primary tumor surgery (11). Of the survivors, Evans stage was 1 (11), 2 (1), and 3 (2, both treated with LT). Four of 18 patients (22%) who received medical therapy, 8 of 17 patients with a predisposition (47%), and 14 of 21 patients (66%) who underwent surgery remain alive.ConclusionsGenetic and anatomic predisposing conditions were seen in over half of this cohort. Evans stage 1 or 2 disease was linked to improved survival. LT trended toward improved survival. Use of known chemotherapy agents may benefit a smaller group of pediatric HCC and warrants formal prospective study through cooperative group trials.
A Counter Propagating Lens‐Mirror System for Ultrahigh Throughput Single Droplet Detection
Authors: Cao Xiaobao , Du Ying , Küffner Andreas , Van Wyk Jordan , Arosio Paolo , Wang Jing , Fischer Peter , Stavrakis Stavros , deMello Andrew 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFluorescence‐based detection schemes provide for multiparameter analysis in a broad range of applications in the chemical and biological sciences. Toward the realization of fully portable analysis systems, microfluidic devices integrating diverse functional components have been implemented in a range of out‐of‐lab environments. That said, there still exits an unmet and recognized need for miniaturized, low‐cost, and sensitive optical detection systems, which provide not only for efficient molecular excitation, but also enhanced photon collection capabilities. To this end, an optofluidic platform that is adept at enhancing fluorescence light collection from microfluidic channels is presented. The central component of the detection module is a monolithic parabolic mirror located directly above the microfluidic channel, which acts to enhance the number of emitted photons reflected toward the detector. In addition, two‐photon polymerization is used to print a microscale‐lens below the microfluidic flow channel and directly opposite the mirror, to enhance the delivery of excitation radiation into the channel. Using such an approach, it is demonstrated that fluorescence signals can be enhanced by over two orders of magnitude, with component parallelization enabling the detection of pL‐volume droplets at rates up to 40 000 droplets per second.
Superior Stability and Emission Quantum Yield (23% ± 3%) of Single‐Layer 2D Tin Perovskite TEA2SnI4 via Thiocyanate Passivation
Authors: Lin Jin‐Tai , Hu Yu‐Kai , Hou Cheng‐Hung , Liao Chen‐Cheng , Chuang Wei‐Tsung , Chiu Ching‐Wen , Tsai Ming‐Kang , Shyue Jing‐Jong , Chou Pi‐Tai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTin‐based perovskite, which exhibits narrower bandgap and comparable photophysical properties to its lead analogs, is one of the most forward‐looking lead‐free semiconductor materials. However, the poor oxidative stability of tin perovskite hinders the development toward practical application. In this work, the effect of pseudohalide anions on the stability and emission properties of single‐layer 2D tin perovskite nanoplates with chemical formula TEA2SnI4 (TEA = 2‐thiophene‐ethylammonium) is reported. The results reveal that ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) is the most effective additive in enhancing the stability and photoluminescence quantum yield of 2D TEA2SnI4 (23 ± 3%). X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopic investigations on the thiocyanate passivated TEA2SnI4 nanoplate show less than a 1% increase of Sn4+ signal upon 30 min exposure to air under ambient conditions (298 K, humidity ≈70%). Furthermore, no noticeable decrease in emission intensity of the nanoplate is observed after 20 h in air. The SCN‐ passivation during the growth stage of TEA2SnI4 is proposed to play a crucial role in preventing the oxidation of Sn2+ and hence boosts both stability and photoluminescence yield of tin perovskite nanoplates.
Functionalized NIR‐II Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles for Single‐cell to Whole‐Organ Imaging of PSMA‐Positive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wu Jiayingzi , Lee Hyeon Jeong , You Liyan , Luo Xuyi , Hasegawa Tsukasa , Huang Kai‐Chih , Lin Peng , Ratliff Timothy , Ashizawa Minoru , Mei Jianguo , Cheng Ji‐Xin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDevelopment of molecular probes holds great promise for early diagnosis of aggressive prostate cancer. Here, 2‐[3‐(1,3‐dicarboxypropyl) ureido] pentanedioic acid (DUPA)‐conjugated ligand and bis‐isoindigo‐based polymer (BTII) are synthesized to formulate semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (BTII‐DUPA SPN) as a prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA)‐targeted probe for prostate cancer imaging in the NIR‐II window. Insights into the interaction of the imaging probes with the biological targets from single cell to whole organ are obtained by transient absorption (TA) microscopy and photoacoustic (PA) tomography. At single‐cell level, TA microscopy reveals the targeting efficiency, kinetics, and specificity of BTII‐DUPA SPN to PSMA‐positive prostate cancer. At organ level, PA tomographic imaging of BTII‐DUPA SPN in the NIR‐II window demonstrates superior imaging depth and contrast. By intravenous administration, BTII‐DUPA SPN demonstrates selective accumulation and retention in the PSMA‐positive tumor, allowing noninvasive PA detection of PSMA overexpressing prostate tumors in vivo. The distribution of nanoparticles inside the tumor tissue is further analyzed through TA microscopy. These results collectively demonstrate BTII‐DUPA SPN as a promising probe for prostate cancer diagnosis by PA tomography.
Development of new dominant selectable markers for the nonconventional yeasts Ogataea polymorpha and Candida famata
Authors: Bratiichuk Dmytro , Kurylenko Olena , Vasylyshyn Roksolana , Zuo MingXing , Kang Yingqian , Dmytruk Kostyantyn , Sibirny Andriy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNonconventional yeast Candida famata and Ogataea polymorpha are interesting organisms for basic and applied studies. O. polymorpha is methylotrophic thermotolerant yeast capable of xylose alcoholic fermentation whereas C. famata is capable of riboflavin overproduction. Still, the new tools for molecular research of these species are needed. The aim of this study was to develop the new dominant selective markers for C. famata and O. polymorpha usable in metabolic engineering experiments. In this work, the BSD gene from Aspergillus terreus coding for blasticidin S deaminase, O. polymorpha AUR1 gene required for sphingolipid synthesis and IMH3 gene, which encodes IMP dehydrogenase, were tested as the new dominant selective marker genes. Our results showed that AUR1 and IMH3 genes could be used as dominant selective markers for O. polymorpha with frequencies of transformation of 40 and 20 transformants per microgram of DNA, respectively. The IMH3 gene was successfully used as the marker for construction of O. polymorpha strains with increased ethanol production from xylose due to overexpression of TAL1, TKL1 and AOX1 genes. The BSD gene from A. terreus, conferring resistance to blasticidin, was found to be efficient for selection of C. famata transformants.
Apoptotic and anti-proliferative effect of guanosine and guanosine derivatives in HuT-78 T lymphoma cells
Authors: Schneider Erich H. , Hofmeister Olga , Kälble Solveig , Seifert Roland 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe effects of 100 μM of 3′,5′-cGMP, cAMP, cCMP, and cUMP as well as of the corresponding membrane-permeant acetoxymethyl esters on anti-CD3-antibody (OKT3)-induced IL-2 production of HuT-78 cutaneous T cell lymphoma (Sézary lymphoma) cells were analyzed. Only 3′,5′-cGMP significantly reduced IL-2 production. Flow cytometric analysis of apoptotic (propidium iodide/annexin V staining) and anti-proliferative (CFSE staining) effects revealed that 3′,5′-cGMP concentrations > 50 μM strongly inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of HuT-78 cells (cultured in the presence of αCD3 antibody). Similar effects were observed for the positional isomer 2′,3′-cGMP and for 2′,-GMP, 3′-GMP, 5′-GMP, and guanosine. By contrast, guanosine and guanosine-derived nucleotides had no cytotoxic effect on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) xenograft cells. The anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of guanosine and guanosine-derived compounds on HuT-78 cells were completely eliminated by the nucleoside transport inhibitor NBMPR (S-(4-Nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine). By contrast, the ecto-phosphodiesterase inhibitor DPSPX (1,3-dipropyl-8-sulfophenylxanthine) and the CD73 ecto-5′-nucleotidase inhibitor AMP-CP (adenosine 5′-(α,β-methylene)diphosphate) were not protective. We hypothesize that HuT-78 cells metabolize guanosine-derived nucleotides to guanosine by yet unknown mechanisms. Guanosine then enters the cells by an NBMPR-sensitive nucleoside transporter and exerts cytotoxic effects. This transporter may be ENT1 because NBMPR counteracted guanosine cytotoxicity in HuT-78 cells with nanomolar efficacy (IC50 of 25–30 nM). Future studies should further clarify the mechanism of the observed effects and address the question, whether guanosine or guanosine-derived nucleotides may serve as adjuvants in the therapy of cancers that express appropriate nucleoside transporters and are sensitive to established nucleoside-derived cytostatic drugs.
Dopaminergic and noradrenergic manipulation of anticipatory reward and probability event-related potentials
Authors: Schutte Iris , Deschamps Peter K. H. , van Harten Peter N. , Kenemans J. Leon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPredicting what will happen in the future in terms of potential reward is essential in daily life. The aim of the current study was to investigate the neurotransmitter systems involved in the anticipation of reward value and probability. We hypothesized that dopaminergic and noradrenergic antagonism would affect anticipation of reward value and probability, respectively. Twenty-three healthy participants were included in a haloperidol (2 mg) × clonidine (0.150 mg) × placebo cross-over design and subjected to a Go/NoGo experimental task during which cues signaled the probability of subsequent target appearance. Reward value (amount of money that could be won for correct and fast responding to the target) as well as probability of target appearance was orthogonally manipulated across four task blocks. Cue-elicited EEG event-related potentials were recorded to assess anticipation of value and probability, respectively. The processing of reward value was affected by dopaminergic antagonism (haloperidol), as evidenced by reduction of the reward-related positivity and P300 to reward cues. This reduction was specifically significant for subjects with high baseline dopamine levels for the P300 and most pronounced for these subjects for the reward-related positivity. In contrast, the processing of reward probability was affected by noradrenergic antagonism (clonidine). In addition, both drugs reduced overall performance (omission rate, response speed variability). We conclude that at least anticipation of reward value and probability, respectively, is specifically affected by dopaminergic versus noradrenergic antagonism.
Health-related quality of life in the phase III GALLIUM study of obinutuzumab- or rituximab-based chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated advanced follicular lymphoma
Authors: Davies Andrew , Trask Peter , Demeter Judit , Florschütz Axel , Hänel Mathias , Kinoshita Tomohiro , Pettengell Ruth , Quach Hang , Robinson Stephen , Sadullah Shalal , Sancho Juan-Manuel , Udvardy Miklos , Witzens-Harig Mathias , Knapp Andrea , Liu Wenxin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHealth-related quality of life was a secondary endpoint in the phase III GALLIUM study in previously untreated patients with follicular lymphoma who were treated with rituximab- or obinutuzumab-chemotherapy. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive induction therapy with obinutuzumab- or rituximab-chemotherapy and maintenance in responders. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Lymphoma questionnaire, incorporating well-being and lymphoma-specific subscales. Assessments were performed at baseline, and during induction, maintenance, and follow-up (maximum 84 months). Clinically meaningful responses were defined by minimally important difference values. Of 1202 randomized patients (median follow-up 57.4 months), 557/601 (92.7%; obinutuzumab-chemotherapy) and 548/601 (91.2%; rituximab-chemotherapy) completed all Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Lymphoma scales at baseline. Mean baseline health-related quality of life scores were similar between both arms, with all patients having some functional impairment and lymphoma symptoms. Over the course of treatment, mean health-related quality of life remained similar in both arms. Equal proportions of patients in both arms achieved minimally important difference by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Lymphoma lymphoma-specific subscale and summary scales throughout induction, maintenance, and follow-up. On each summary scale, ~ 50% of patients in each arm achieved minimally important difference by maintenance month 2. In GALLIUM, similar improvements in health-related quality of life were seen with obinutuzumab- and rituximab-chemotherapy, suggesting that both treatments reduced lymphoma-related symptoms, and treatment-related side effects did not abrogate these improvements in well-being. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01332968.
Igneous differentiation by deformation
Authors: Petford N. , Koenders M. A. , Clemens J. D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn a paper published in 1920, Bowen conceived of a situation where forces acting on a crystalline mesh could extract the liquid phase from the solid, and in doing so cause variations in chemistry distinct from the purely gravitational effects of fractional crystallisation. His paper was a call-to-arms to explore the role of deformation as a cause of variation in igneous rocks, but was never followed-up in a rigorous way. Inspired by this, we have developed a quantitative model showing how shear deformation of a crystallised dense magma (ϕ > 70%) with poro-elastic properties is analogous to a granular material. The critical link between the mechanics and associated compositional changes of the melt is the degree to which the crystallising magma undergoes dilation (volume increase) during shear. It is important to note that the effect can only take place after the initial loose solid material has undergone mechanical compaction such that the grains comprising the rigid skeleton are in permanent contact. Under these conditions, the key material parameters governing the dilatancy effect are the physical permeability, mush strength, the shear modulus and the contact mechanics and geometry of the granular assemblage. Calculations show that dilation reduces the interstitial fluid (melt) pressure causing, in Bowen’s words, “the separation of crystals and mother liquor” via a suction effect. At shear strain rates in excess of the tectonic background, deformation-induced melt flow can redistribute chemical components and heat between regions of crystallising magma with contrasting rheological properties, at velocities far in excess of diffusion or buoyancy forces, the latter of course the driving force behind fractional crystallisation and viscous compaction. Influx of hotter, less evolved melt drawn internally from the same magma body into regions where crystallisation is more advanced (auto-intrusion), may result in reverse zoning and/or resorption of crystals. Because dilatancy is primarily a mechanical effect independent of melt composition, evolved, chemically distinct melt fractions removed at this late stage may explain miarolitic alkaline rocks, intrusive granophyres in basaltic systems and late stage aplites and pegmatites in granites (discontinuous variations), as proposed by Bowen. Post-failure instabilities include hydraulic rupture of the mush along shear zones governed by the angles of dilation and internal friction. On the macro-scale, a combination of dilatancy and fracturing may provide a means to extract large volumes of chemically evolved melt from mush columns on short (< 1000 year) geological timescales.
“Diesel-Gate” in risk reporting—An analysis of risk communication in annual reports using the example of a disruptive event
Authors: Nagel Deborah , Koep Lisa , Guenther Edeltraud , Günther Thomas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUsing the example of VW’s handling of “Diesel-Gate” in its corporate communications (suspected manipulation of vehicle emission test results discovered in 2015), we examine the effects of a disruptive event on corporate risk reporting. To this end, an evaluation in the form of a case study of external corporate communications in VW’s annual reports covering the years 2012–2017 was carried out. Changes can be seen in VW’s communication with shareholders following “Diesel-Gate”, especially with regard to what topics were covered and the emotionality of the language. Among the strategies used for restoring the company’s image, the company took pains to highlight corrective measures designed to avoid similar incidents in the future. The methodology presented in the paper can be applied to the analysis of similar events.
On the behavior of Mahler’s measure under iteration
Authors: Fili Paul A. , Pottmeyer Lukas , Zhang Mingming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor an algebraic number $$\alpha $$
α
we denote by $$M(\alpha )$$

M
(
α
)

the Mahler measure of $$\alpha $$
α
. As $$M(\alpha )$$

M
(
α
)

is again an algebraic number (indeed, an algebraic integer), $$M(\cdot )$$

M
(
·
)

is a self-map on $$\overline{{\mathbb {Q}}}$$

Q
¯

, and therefore defines a dynamical system. The orbit size of $$\alpha $$
α
, denoted $$\# {\mathcal {O}}_M(\alpha )$$

#

O
M

(
α
)

, is the cardinality of the forward orbit of $$\alpha $$
α
under M. We prove that for every degree at least 3 and every non-unit norm, there exist algebraic numbers of every orbit size. We then prove that for algebraic units of degree 4, the orbit size must be 1, 2, or infinity. We also show that there exist algebraic units of larger degree with arbitrarily large but finite orbit size.
Visual search in ADHD, ASD and ASD + ADHD: overlapping or dissociating disorders?
Authors: Seernani D. , Damania K. , Ioannou C. , Penkalla N. , Hill H. , Foulsham T. , Kingstone A. , Anderson N. , Boccignone G. , Bender S. , Smyrnis N. , Biscaldi M. , Ebner-Priemer U. , Klein Christoph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecent debates in the literature discuss commonalities between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at multiple levels of putative causal networks. This debate requires systematic comparisons between these disorders that have been studied in isolation in the past, employing potential markers of each disorder to be investigated in tandem. The present study, choose superior local processing, typical to ASD, and increased Intra-Subject Variability (ISV), typical to ADHD, for a head-to-head comparison of the two disorders, while also considering the comorbid cases. It directly examined groups of participants aged 10–13 years with ADHD, ASD with (ASD+) or without (ASD−) comorbid ADHD and a typically developing (TD) group (total N = 85). A visual search task consisting of an array of paired words was designed. The participants needed to find the specific pair of words, where the first word in the pair was the cue word. This visual search task was selected to compare these groups on overall search performance and trial-to-trial variability of search performance (i.e., ISV). Additionally, scanpath analysis was also carried out using Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) and the Multi-Match Model. Results show that only the ASD− group exhibited superior search performance; whereas, only the groups with ADHD symptoms showed increased ISV. These findings point towards a double dissociation between ASD and ADHD, and argue against an overlap between ASD and ADHD.