bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Organs 2019: A year in review
Authors: Malchesky Paul S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this Editor’s Review, articles published in 2019 are organized by category and summarized. These provide a brief reflection of the research and progress in artificial organs intended to advance and better human life while providing insight for continued application of these technologies and methods. Artificial Organs continues in the original mission of its founders “to foster communications in the field of artificial organs on an international level.” Artificial Organs continues to publish developments and clinical applications of artificial organ technologies in this broad and expanding field of organ Replacement, Recovery, and Regeneration from all over the world. Peer‐reviewed Special Issues this year included contributions from the 14th International Conference on Pediatric Mechanical Circulatory Support Systems and Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Perfusion edited by Dr Akif Undar, and the 26th Congress of the International Society for Mechanical Circulatory Support edited by Dr Minoru Ono and Dr Francesco Moscato. Additionally, important editorials highlighted the need for sustainability in hemodialysis, challenges and opportunities in mechanical circulatory support, progress in artificial pancreas development, historical perspectives on ventilators and dialysis, tissue engineering for cardiac support, and regional updates from India and China. Our Pioneer Series continues to highlight the many researchers who created this field of study. This year we debuted a new series entitled “Recent Progress in Artificial Organs” prepared by Vakhtang Tchantchaleishvili and Elizabeth Maynes of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. This series highlights recent advances and new developments in the field. We take this time also to express our gratitude to our authors for contributing their work to this journal. We offer our very special thanks to our reviewers who give so generously of their time and expertise to review, critique, and especially provide meaningful suggestions to the author’s work. Without our dedicated expert reviewers, the quality expected from such a journal would not be possible. We also express our special thanks to our Publisher, John Wiley & Sons, for their expert attention and support in the production Artificial Organs. We look forward to reporting further advances in the coming years.
Midwife‐to‐newborn ratio and neonatal outcome in healthy term infants
Authors: Dani Carlo , Papini Sofia , Iannuzzi Laura , Pratesi Simone 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the effect of midwife‐to‐infant ratio on healthy term infant outcome.MethodsInfants were enrolled in an inhospital midwife‐led centre and an obstetrician‐led centre with different midwife‐to‐infant ratios (1:2.5‐1:5 vs 1:7‐1:15). The primary endpoint was exclusive breastfeeding rate; secondary endpoints were neonatal admission in neonatal care unit rate and length of hospital stay.ResultsOne hundred and ten infants were enrolled in both midwife‐ and obstetrician‐led centre. Exclusive breastfeeding rate at discharge was higher (88% vs 78%, P = .048) in infants born in the midwife‐ than in the obstetrician‐led centre. Admission rate in neonatal care units (9% vs 2%, P = .017) and stay in hospital duration (3.1 ± 1.8 vs 2.6 ± 0.8 days, P = .008) were higher in the obstetrician‐ than in the midwife‐led centre. Birth in the midwife‐led centre increased the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding (OR: 2.04, 1.07‐3.92), while newborns’ admission in neonatal care units decreased it (OR : 0.17, 0.07‐0.43).ConclusionHealthy term infants’ neonatal outcome is negatively associated with a low midwife‐to‐infant ratio which decreases exclusive breastfeeding rate and is associated with a higher likelihood of admission in neonatal care units and longer stay in hospital.
The economic value of days open in Holstein cows in Japan based on simulated changes in conception rate
Authors: Sasaki Osamu , Takeda Hisato , Nishiura Akiko 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIncreasing herd‐life length and culling parity with increasing conception rate (CR) is necessary to increase lifetime profit from dairy cow production. Economic values of days open (DO) were determined by calculating changes in fertility traits, herd‐life length, and milk yield when the simulated CR were changed in increments of 1% from −5% to 5% from the basal levels, which were obtained for Hokkaido and regions other than Hokkaido separately. When CR increased, number of artificial inseminations, DO, and milking length decreased. Furthermore, culling parity, and annual milk yield increased. Herd‐life length increased in Hokkaido and decreased in the other regions. The economic values of CR were 1,623.8 to 946.8 yen and of DO were 857.4 to 399.0 yen. Relative economic values of milk yield to days open per genetic standard deviation were higher in the other regions than in Hokkaido where the economic effect of selection for DO was expected to be equal to selection for 305‐day milk yield and herd life. If the survival rate of multipara cows in the other regions increases, then the economic value of DO would similarly increase in Hokkaido.
Workforce Composition and Individual Wages — An Employer–Employee Data Analysis
Authors: Niebuhr Annekatrin , Peters Jan Cornelius 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe study analyses the impact of workforce composition and employee isolation — based on age, gender and citizenship — on entry wages of new employment relationships in German firms using employer–employee data. We allow for heterogeneous effects across distinct groups of workers and include worker and firm fixed effects to account for selection effects and unobserved heterogeneity. The results point to a negative impact of gender and age diversity for males and females, natives and foreigners and workers across the skill spectrum. Only for high‐skilled workers, the negative effect of gender diversity is not statistically significant. Females receive, in addition, relatively low entry wages in establishments with a rather old workforce. With regard to the relative position, mainly gender isolation tends to exert an important influence on entry wages. The effect is positive only for females. In contrast, we estimate significant negative wage effects for males, natives, medium‐ and high‐skilled workers. An international background of a firm's workforce and cultural isolation do not appear to generally affect entry wages.
Systemic therapy and the use of complementary and alternative medicine in patients with recognized occupational hand eczema in Denmark: A cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study
Authors: Barati Sedeh Farnam , Ebbehøj Niels E. , Agner Tove , Carøe Tanja K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundConcerns have been raised that a chronic course of hand eczema (HE) could be fostered by a lack of efficient treatment at an early stage.ObjectivesFirst, to assess the prevalence of systemic treatment in patients with chronic occupational HE (OHE) and relate this to demographic data, HE severity, and atopic dermatitis (AD). Second, to explore the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the same population.MethodsBaseline data were obtained from a registry‐based study including patients with recognized OHE in a 2‐year period in Denmark, comprising a total of 2703 workers. A follow‐up questionnaire after 4 to 5 years included questions on disease severity and treatments.ResultsA total of 1565 participants responded to the questionnaire, and of these 1203 had ongoing HE at follow‐up and were included in the study. In total, 10.0% had received systemic therapy, whereas this share was 13.3% in those with self‐reported moderate‐to‐severe HE. Age >35 years, previous or current AD, and severe eczema were factors related to use of systemic treatment. Use of CAM was reported by 6.2% of the study population.ConclusionsWe suggest that chronicity of HE may be perpetuated by the lack of efficient treatment.
Outcome of status asthmaticus at a pediatric intensive care unit in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheng Wing Tak , Hon Kam Lun , Chan Renee W. Y. , Chan Lawrence C. N. , Wong William , Cheung Hon Ming , Qian Su Yun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize the clinical course and outcome of children with status asthmaticus (SA) admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)MethodsAll patients with SA who were admitted to a PICU from January 2003 to December 2018 were reviewed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies on nasopharyngeal aspirate for respiratory pathogens were performed from 2014 to 2018.ResultsSixty‐seven SA admissions constituted 2.4% of total PICU admissions (n = 2788). Fifteen (22.4%) children required noninvasive ventilation (NIV), while 7 children (10%) required invasive mechanical ventilation. Nonadherence to prior asthma therapy was common. PCR was positive for enterorvirus/rhinovirus in 84% (16 out of 19) and for any virus in 95% of nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) samples of patients between 2014 and 2018. Over the 16‐year period, increased utilization of ipratropium bromide, magnesium sulfate and NIV was noted (P < .05). Patients who required invasive mechanical ventilation had significantly higher heart rate, lower pH and longer PICU length of stay (LOS) when compared to nonintubated children (P < .05). There was no mortality, gender difference, or seasonal characteristics in these SA admissions. Median LOS in PICU was 2 days (interquartile range 1‐3 days).ConclusionsSA accounts for a small proportion of PICU admissions. LOS was short and prognosis generally good. Nonadherence to prior asthma therapy was common. The most common trigger is enterovirus/rhinovirus for children with severe asthma requiring PICU admission. A trend of increase in usage of ipratropium, magnesium sulfate and NIV was observed. Primary prevention and early treatment of exacerbation are the most important step in managing children with asthma. Regular follow‐up to ensure compliance together with annual vaccination could possibly avoid PICU admissions.
Clinical characteristic of esophageal cancer without lugol‐voiding lesions in the background esophagus
Authors: Kuwabara Hiroki , Chiba Hideyuki , Tachikawa Jun , Okada Naoya , Ashikari Keiichi , Arimoto Jun , Nakaoka Michiko , Sakai Eiji , Goto Toru , Ohata Ken 
Published: January 2020

Lugol chromoendoscopy is useful for the detection of early esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). Multiple lugol‐voiding lesions (LVLs) on lugol chromoendoscopy are associated with a very high risk of multiple cancers arising in the esophagus. Due to the widespread use of narrow band image technology in many institutions, esophageal cancer without LVLs in the background esophagus is sometimes detected. This retrospective study aims to clarify the clinical characteristic of esophageal cancer without LVLs in the background esophagus. A total of 191 consecutive patients with 204 ESCCs had undergone endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) from 2011 and 2014. Amongst these lesions, the number of LVLs in the background esophagus per endoscopic view was counted excluding main lesion, and the grading was divided into no LVLs ESCC (nL‐ESCC) group and LVLs ESCC (L‐ESCC) group. This study evaluated the clinical characteristics and the cumulative incidence of metachronous ESCC after ESD in both groups. Thirty‐six patients with 36 lesions and 155 patients with 168 lesions were separated into the nL‐ESCC group and L‐ESCC group, respectively. On multivariate analysis, the nL‐ESCC group was found to be more common in females, who were non‐drinkers, or with erosive esophagitis. During follow‐up periods, the cumulative incidence of metachronous ESCC at 3‐years was 14.4% and 0.00% in the L‐ESCC and nL‐ESCC groups, respectively (P < 0.01). Our study showed that esophageal cancer without LVLs in the background esophagus was mostly occurred in females, who were non‐drinkers, or with erosive esophagitis, which are uncommon features of ESCC.
Young‐onset type 2 diabetes and younger current age: increased susceptibility to retinopathy in contrast to other complications
Authors: Middleton T. L. , Constantino M. I. , Molyneaux L. , D'Souza M. , Twigg S. M. , Wu T. , Yue D. K. , Zoungas S. , Wong J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes diagnosed during youth and early adulthood is aggressive and associated with a high burden of vascular complications. The increase in complications is often attributed to long disease duration and poor metabolic control. Whether people with young‐onset type 2 diabetes are inherently more susceptible to long‐term complications than those diagnosed in later adulthood is unclear.MethodsProspective data from 3322 individuals, diagnosed between the age of 15 and 70 years and collected 10–25 years after diabetes diagnosis, were analysed. The cross‐sectional associations between age at diagnosis and microvascular and macrovascular complications were analysed using logistic regression models, adjusted for duration of diabetes exposure and metabolic risk factors including blood pressure, cholesterol and updated mean HbA1c.ResultsThe prevalence of retinopathy was highest in those with young‐onset type 2 diabetes (diagnosed at age 15 to <40 years). After 10–15 years' diabetes duration, the adjusted odds ratio for retinopathy in this population was 2.8 (95% CI 1.9–4.1; reference group those diagnosed at 60 to <70 years of age). The odds of retinopathy remained higher in people with young‐onset type 2 diabetes after longer durations of diabetes exposure; the odds decreased with increasing age at diagnosis. This pattern was not observed in models of other complications: after 10–15 years' diabetes exposure, the adjusted odds ratios for albuminuria, peripheral neuropathy and macrovascular disease in people with young‐onset type 2 diabetes were 0.5 (95% CI 0.4–0.8), 0.7 (95% CI 0.5–1.1) and 0.2 (95% CI 0.1–0.3), respectively.ConclusionAfter accounting for disease duration and other important confounders, people with type 2 diabetes diagnosed in youth and early adulthood (or with a younger current age) appeared to be inherently more susceptible to retinopathy. For other complications, adjusted risk appears highest in the oldest age of diagnosis group. These data have screening and treatment target implications.
Multimodality imaging of an asymptomatic giant right atrial appendage aneurysm
Authors: Uzun Fatih , Güner Ahmet , Kahraman Serkan , Kalkan Ali Kemal , Güner Ezgi Gültekin , Ertürk Mehmet 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRight atrial appendage (RAA) aneurysm is a rare congenital cardiac abnormality thought to be caused by dysplasia of the muscular wall of the RA and RAA. Structural, contractile, or electrical atrial changes are associated with the onset and progression of atrial fibrillation. The RAA aneurysm can have various symptoms, such as thromboembolic complications. Diagnosis of RAA aneurysm greatly depends on imaging modalities, among which echocardiography is the most widely used one. Echocardiography is very effective in discovering the aneurysm, distinguishing it from other abnormalities such as pericardial cysts, Ebstein's anomaly and cor triatriatum, and detecting intracardiac thrombosis or blood flow limitations. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography are important complementary examinations. They may provide more details on the neighboring structures of the aneurysm, especially when echocardiographic images are suboptimal.
Silent No Longer
Authors: Cruchley Peter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article, arising from the work of the Council for World Mission's Legacies of Slavery project, investigates the historical roots of racism present in the work of the London Missionary Society (LMS). It offers an analysis of the ways in which a missionary society colluded with Empire in constructing a racist hierarchy that it imposed on White people at home in the United Kingdom as much as it did on African and African descendant peoples. It acknowledges the personal and structural benefits that the LMS and its officers made from enslavement and their efforts to silence calls for emancipation, and offers a class and gender perspective on the forces shaping this distinctively British organization.
Climate and human water use diminish wetland networks supporting continental waterbird migration
Authors: Donnelly J. Patrick , King Sammy L. , Silverman Nicholas L. , Collins Daniel P. , Carrera‐Gonzalez Eduardo M. , Lafón‐Terrazas Alberto , Moore Johnnie N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMigrating waterbirds moving between upper and lower latitudinal breeding and wintering grounds rely on a limited network of endorheic lakes and wetlands when crossing arid continental interiors. Recent drying of global endorheic water stores raises concerns over deteriorating migratory pathways, yet few studies have considered these effects at the scale of continental flyways. Here, we investigate the resiliency of waterbird migration networks across western North America by reconstructing long‐term patterns (1984–2018) of terminal lake and wetland surface water area in 26 endorheic watersheds. Findings were partitioned regionally by snowmelt‐ and monsoon‐driven hydrologies and combined with climate and human water‐use data to determine their importance in predicting surface water trends. Nonlinear patterns of lake and wetland drying were apparent along latitudinal flyway gradients. Pervasive surface water declines were prevalent in northern snowmelt watersheds (lakes −27%, wetlands −47%) while largely stable in monsoonal watersheds to the south (lakes −13%, wetlands +8%). Monsoonal watersheds represented a smaller proportion of total lake and wetland area, but their distribution and frequency of change within highly arid regions of the continental flyway increased their value to migratory waterbirds. Irrigated agriculture and increasing evaporative demands were the most important drivers of surface water declines. Underlying agricultural and wetland relationships however were more complex. Approximately 7% of irrigated lands linked to flood irrigation and water storage practices supported 61% of all wetland inundation in snowmelt watersheds. In monsoonal watersheds, small earthen dams, meant to capture surface runoff for livestock watering, were a major component of wetland resources (67%) that supported networks of isolated wetlands surrounding endorheic lakes. Ecological trends and human impacts identified herein underscore the importance of assessing flyway‐scale change as our model depictions likely reflect new and emerging bottlenecks to continental migration.
Assessing the response of forest productivity to climate extremes in Switzerland using model–data fusion
Authors: Trotsiuk Volodymyr , Hartig Florian , Cailleret Maxime , Babst Flurin , Forrester David I. , Baltensweiler Andri , Buchmann Nina , Bugmann Harald , Gessler Arthur , Gharun Mana , Minunno Francesco , Rigling Andreas , Rohner Brigitte , Stillhard Jonas , Thürig Esther , Waldner Peter , Ferretti Marco , Eugster Werner , Schaub Marcus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe response of forest productivity to climate extremes strongly depends on ambient environmental and site conditions. To better understand these relationships at a regional scale, we used nearly 800 observation years from 271 permanent long‐term forest monitoring plots across Switzerland, obtained between 1980 and 2017. We assimilated these data into the 3‐PG forest ecosystem model using Bayesian inference, reducing the bias of model predictions from 14% to 5% for forest stem carbon stocks and from 45% to 9% for stem carbon stock changes. We then estimated the productivity of forests dominated by Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica for the period of 1960–2018, and tested for productivity shifts in response to climate along elevational gradient and in extreme years. Simulated net primary productivity (NPP) decreased with elevation (2.86 ± 0.006 Mg C ha−1 year−1 km−1 for P. abies and 0.93 ± 0.010 Mg C ha−1 year−1 km−1 for F. sylvatica). During warm–dry extremes, simulated NPP for both species increased at higher and decreased at lower elevations, with reductions in NPP of more than 25% for up to 21% of the potential species distribution range in Switzerland. Reduced plant water availability had a stronger effect on NPP than temperature during warm‐dry extremes. Importantly, cold–dry extremes had negative impacts on regional forest NPP comparable to warm–dry extremes. Overall, our calibrated model suggests that the response of forest productivity to climate extremes is more complex than simple shift toward higher elevation. Such robust estimates of NPP are key for increasing our understanding of forests ecosystems carbon dynamics under climate extremes.
Microscopic size measurements in post‐neoadjuvant therapy resections of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) predict patient outcomes
Authors: Zhang M. Lisa , Kem Marina , Rodrigues Clifton , Sandini Marta , Ciprani Debora , Hank Thomas , Kunitoki Keiko , Qadan Motaz , Ferrone Cristina , Lillemoe Keith , Fernández‐del Castillo Carlos , Mino‐Kenudson Mari 
Published: January 2020

AimsPancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) are increasingly being treated with neoadjuvant therapy. However, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition T staging based on tumour size does not reflect treatment effect, which often results in multiple, small foci of residual tumour in a background of mass‐forming fibrosis. Thus, we evaluated the performance of AJCC 8th edition T staging in predicting patient outcomes by the use of a microscopic tumour size measurement method.Methods and resultsOne hundred and six post‐neoadjuvant therapy pancreatectomies were reviewed, and all individual tumour foci were measured. T stages based on gross size with microscopic adjustment (GS) and the largest single microscopic focus size (MFS) were examined in association with clinicopathological variables and patient outcomes. Sixty‐three of 106 (59%) were locally advanced; 78% received FOLFIRINOX treatment. The average GS and MFS were 25 mm and 11 mm, respectively; nine cases each were classified as T0, 35 and 85 cases as T1, 42 and 12 cases as T2, and 20 and 0 cases as T3, based on the GS and the MFS, respectively. Higher GS‐based and MFS‐based T stages were significantly associated with higher tumour regression grade, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, and higher N stage. Furthermore, higher MFS‐based T stage was significantly associated with shorter disease‐free survival (DFS) (P < 0.001) and shorter overall survival (OS) (P = 0.002). GS was significantly associated with OS (P = 0.046), but not with DFS.ConclusionsIn post‐neoadjuvant therapy PDAC resections, MFS‐based T staging is superior to GS‐based T staging for predicting patient outcomes, suggesting that microscopic measurements have clinical utility beyond the conventional use of GS measurements alone.
Time Well Spent: Misery, Meaning, and the Opportunity of Incarceration
Authors: WRIGHT KEVIN A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPeople often leave prison worse than when they arrived; sometimes, they leave the same. People could leave prison better than when they arrived through a reimagined response to crime. They could be set up to live sustainable, fulfilling, and meaningful lives after prison. This approach could be informed by research on what makes for a meaningful life – regardless of whether a person has come into contact with the criminal justice system. A reimagined corrections could view time spent in prison as an opportunity rather than solely as a punishment; an opportunity to repair harm, empower people, and promote public safety.