bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active involvement of patients in pharmacist education has a positive impact on students’ perspective: a pilot study
Authors: Hache Caroline , Honoré Stéphane , Hache Guillaume 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Patient-led education contributes to the implementation of practical experience of working with patients in health care professional curricula. There are few descriptions of patients’ involvement in pharmacists’ training and most often, the patients have been used as passive props to facilitate training. More recently, greater emphasis has been given to a more active form of patient involvement but the application in the curriculum of pharmacy has not been conceptualized. Thus, the aim of our study was to implement a workshop involving patients as partners in undergraduate pharmacy educational programme, and to evaluate its impact of on students’ perspectives.

Method
On a prospective observational study basis, the impact was assessed in terms of relevance, learning outcomes and achievement transfer using the Kirkpatrick training assessment method. In addition, we evaluated social representations of the students before and after the workshop.

Results
Ninety-four students attended the sessions. All participants were satisfied and emphasized the relevance of the involvement of patients. Postworkshop scores were significantly improved in both competencies to be acquired. At the end of the workshop, students reported two to three actions to implement in order to meet patients’ expectations, illustrating an intent to transfer learning outcomes in professional context. Interestingly, about patients’ expectations on pharmacist’s role, students’ social representations had evolved significantly after the session.

Conclusion
These results highlight the positive impact of the innovative workshops and the additive value of patients’ involvement in the pharmacy undergraduate programme.
When fever is not malaria in Latin America: a systematic review
Authors: Moreira José , Barros Janaina , Lapouble Oscar , Lacerda Marcus V. G. , Felger Ingrid , Brasil Patricia , Dittrich Sabine , Siqueira Andre M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
In malaria-endemic countries, febrile episodes caused by diseases other than malaria are a growing concern. However, limited knowledge of the prevalent etiologic agents and their geographic distributions restrict the ability of health services to address non-malarial morbidity and mortality through effective case management. Here, we review the etiology of fever in Latin America (LA) between 1980 and 2015 and map significant pathogens commonly implicated in febrile infectious diseases.

Methods
A literature search was conducted, without language restrictions, in three distinct databases in order to identify fever etiology studies that report laboratory-confirmed fever-causing pathogens that were isolated from usually sterile body sites. Data analyses and mapping was conducted with Tableau Desktop (version 2018.2.3).

Results
Inclusion criteria were met by 625 publications corresponding to data relative to 34 countries. Studies using serology (n = 339) predominated for viral infections, culture (n = 131) for bacteria, and microscopy (n = 62) for fungi and parasites. The pathogen groups most frequently reported were viral infections (n = 277), bacterial infections (n = 265), parasitic infections (n = 59), fungal infections (n = 47), and more than one pathogen group (n = 24). The most frequently reported virus was dengue virus (n = 171), followed by other arboviruses (n = 55), and hantavirus (n = 18). For bacteria, Staphylococcus spp. (n = 82), Rickettsia spp. (n = 70), and Leptospira spp. (n = 55) were frequently reported. Areas with biggest gaps on etiology of fever were apparent.

Conclusions
This review provides a landscape of pathogens causing febrile illness other than malaria in LA for over 30 years. Our findings highlight the need to standardize protocols and report guidelines for fever etiology studies for better comparability of results and improved interpretation. Lastly, we should improve existing national laboratory surveillance systems, especially from low- to middle-income countries, to inform global fever policy priorities and timely identify emerging infections threats.

Study registration
PROSPERO systematic review registration number: CRD42016049281
Profile of serum lipid metabolites of one-week-old goat kids depending on the type of rearing
Authors: Czopowicz Michał , Moroz Agata , Szaluś-Jordanow Olga , Mickiewicz Marcin , Witkowski Lucjan , Nalbert Tomasz , Markowska-Daniel Iwona , Puchała Ryszard , Bagnicka Emilia , Kaba Jarosław 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundWeaning of goat kids immediately after birth and feeding them on bovine or heat-treated caprine colostrum, referred to as snatching, is considered an effective control measure in some infectious diseases. The study was carried out in one-week-old goat kids to gain insight into the profile of lipid metabolites and to investigate the influence of snatching on kids’ metabolism. Fifty-two goat kids born to 23 female goats were included in the study – 22 kids were weaned immediately after birth and kept isolated from their mothers; 30 remaining kids were left with their mothers for next 3 weeks so that they could nurse on dams’ milk at will. Blood was collected at the age of 1 week and serum was obtained by centrifugation. The concentration of lipid metabolites was determined with mass spectrometry using a commercial MxP® Quant 500 kit (Biocrates Life Sciences AG, Innsbruck, Austria).ResultsConcentration of 240 lipid metabolites belonging to 10 lipid classes was above the limit of detection of the assay. These lipid metabolites were quantified and included in the analysis. Concentration of 2 lipid classes (acyl-alkyl-phosphatidylcholines and ceramides) and 31 lipid metabolites (14 triacylglycerols, 5 acyl-alkyl-phosphatidylcholines, 2 diacylphosphatidylcholines, 1 lyso-phosphatidylcholine, 5 ceramides, 2 sphingomyelins, and 2 cholesterol esters) differed significantly between the two groups of kids.ConclusionSnatching of kids results in reduction of serum concentration of lipid metabolites, however, the magnitude of this phenomenon does not seem to be sufficient to negatively affect kids’ health condition. This study is the first in which the broad set of lipid metabolites of young ruminants was quantified using the novel metabolomic assay MxP® Quant 500 kit.
Integrative network analysis identifies potential targets and drugs for ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Zhang Liwei , Li Fuhai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Though accounts for 2.5% of all cancers in female, the death rate of ovarian cancer is high, which is the fifth leading cause of cancer death (5% of all cancer death) in female. The 5-year survival rate of ovarian cancer is less than 50%. The oncogenic molecular signaling of ovarian cancer are complicated and remain unclear, and there is a lack of effective targeted therapies for ovarian cancer treatment.

Methods
In this study, we propose to investigate activated signaling pathways of individual ovarian cancer patients and sub-groups; and identify potential targets and drugs that are able to disrupt the activated signaling pathways. Specifically, we first identify the up-regulated genes of individual cancer patients using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), and then identify the potential activated transcription factors. After dividing ovarian cancer patients into several sub-groups sharing common transcription factors using K-modes method, we uncover the up-stream signaling pathways of activated transcription factors in each sub-group. Finally, we mapped all FDA approved drugs targeting on the upstream signaling.

Results
The 427 ovarian cancer samples were divided into 3 sub-groups (with 100, 172, 155 samples respectively) based on the activated TFs (with 14, 25, 26 activated TFs respectively). Multiple up-stream signaling pathways, e.g., MYC, WNT, PDGFRA (RTK), PI3K, AKT TP53, and MTOR, are uncovered to activate the discovered TFs. In addition, 66 FDA approved drugs were identified targeting on the uncovered core signaling pathways. Forty-four drugs had been reported in ovarian cancer related reports. The signaling diversity and heterogeneity can be potential therapeutic targets for drug combination discovery.

Conclusions
The proposed integrative network analysis could uncover potential core signaling pathways, targets and drugs for ovarian cancer treatment.
Clinical measurement properties of malnutrition assessment tools for use with patients in hospitals: a systematic review
Authors: Xu Yue Camille , Vincent Joshua I. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The use of malnutrition outcome measures (OM) by registered dietitians (RD) with inpatients in hospitals has increased promoting the achievement of nutritional care goals and supporting decision-making for the allocation of nutritional care resources in hospitals. There are 3 commonly used OMs: Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Patient Generated-Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). The purpose of this current study was to systematically review the evidence of the clinical measurement properties of malnutrition assessment tools for use with patients admitted in hospitals.

Methods
MEDLINE, Cinahl, EMBASE, and PubMed were searched for articles published between 2000 and 2019. Research articles were selected if they established reliability, validity, and responsiveness to change properties of the SGA, PG-SGA and MNA tools, were written in English, and used any of these OMs as an outcome measure. Abstracts were not considered. The risk of bias within studies was assessed using the Quality Appraisal for Clinical Measurement Study (QA-CMS).

Results
Five hundred five studies were identified, of which 34 articles were included in the final review: SGA (n = 8), PG-SGA (n = 13), and MNA (n = 13). Of the 34 studies, 8 had a quality score greater than 75%; 23 had a quality score of 40–75% and 3 studies had a quality score of less than 40%. PG-SGA was found to have excellentdiagnostic accuracy (ROC: 0.92–0.975; Sensitivity: 88.6–98%; Specificity: 82–100%), sufficient internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.722–0.73), and strong test-retest reliability (r = 0.866). There was insufficient evidence to suggest adequate diagnostic accuracy and good inter-rater reliability for SGA. Only one study examined the minimum detectable change of MNA (MDC = 2.1).

Conclusions
The evidence of validity for the existing malnutrition assessment tools supports the use of these tools, but more studies with sound methodological quality are needed to assess the responsiveness of these OMs to detect the change in nutritional status.
“They have been neglected for a long time”: a qualitative study on the role and recognition of rural health motivators in the Shiselweni region, Eswatini
Authors: Walker Caroline , Burtscher Doris , Myeni John , Kerschberger Bernhard , Schausberger Bernadette , Rusch Barbara , Dlamini Nosipho , Whitehouse Katherine 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Community health workers (CHWs) are increasingly engaged to address human resource shortages and fill primary healthcare gaps. In Eswatini, a cadre of CHWs called Rural Health Motivators (RHM) was introduced in 1976 to respond to key public health challenges. However, the emergence of health needs, particularly HIV/TB, has been met with inadequate programme amendments, and the role of RHMs has become marginalised following the addition of other CHWs supported by non-governmental organisations. This study was implemented to understand the role of RHMs in decentralised HIV/TB activities. In this paper, we explore the findings in relation to the recognition of RHMs and the programme.

Methods
This exploratory qualitative study utilised individual in-depth interviews, group and focus group discussions, participatory methods (utilising a game format) and observations. Participants were purposively selected and comprised RHM programme implementers, community stakeholders and local and non-governmental personnel. Data collection took place between August and September 2019. Interviews were conducted in English or siSwati and transcribed. SiSwati interviews were translated directly into English. All interviews were audio-recorded, manually coded and thematically analysed. Data was validated through methodical triangulation.

Results
Suboptimal organisational structure and support, primarily insufficient training and supervision for activities were factors identified through interviews and observation activities. Significant confusion of the RHM role was observed, with community expectations beyond formally endorsed tasks. Community participants expressed dissatisfaction with receiving health information only, preferring physical assistance in the form of goods. Additionally, gender emerged as a significant influencing factor on the acceptability of health messages and the engagement of RHMs with community members. Expectations and structurally limiting factors shape the extent to which RHMs are recognised as integral to the health system, at all social and organisational levels.

Conclusions
Findings highlight the lack of recognition of RHMs and the programme at both community and national levels. This, along with historical neglect, has hindered the capacity of RHMs to successfully contribute to positive health outcomes for rural communities. Renewed attention and support mechanisms for this cadre are needed. Clarification of the RHM role in line with current health challenges and clearer role parameters is essential.
Clinicopathological findings of pediatric NTRK fusion mesenchymal tumors
Authors: Kang Jeongwan , Park Jin Woo , Won Jae-Kyung , Bae Jeong Mo , Koh Jaemoon , Yim Jeemin , Yun Hongseok , Kim Seung-Ki , Choi Jung Yoon , Kang Hyoung Jin , Kim Woo Sun , Shin Joo Heon , Park Sung-Hye 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhileETV6- NTRK3fusion is common in infantile fibrosarcoma,NTRK1/3fusion in pediatric tumors is scarce and, consequently, not well known. Herein, we evaluated for the presence ofNTRK1/3fusion in pediatric mesenchymal tumors, clinicopathologically and immunophenotypically.MethodsWe reviewed nineNTRKfusion-positive pediatric sarcomas confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or next-generation sequencing from Seoul National University Hospital between 2002 and 2020.ResultsOne case ofTPR-NTRK1fusion-positive intracranial, extra-axial, high-grade undifferentiated sarcoma (12-year-old boy), one case ofLMNA-NTRK1fusion-positive low-grade infantile fibrosarcoma of the forehead (3-year-old boy), one case ofETV6-NTRK3fusion-positive inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) (3-months-old girl), and six cases ofETV6-NTRK3fusion-positive infantile fibrosarcoma (median age: 2.6 months, range: 1.6–5.6 months, M: F = 5:1) were reviewed. The Trk immunopositivity patterns were distinct, depending on what fusion genes were present. We observed nuclear positivity inTPR-NTRK1fusion-positive sarcoma, nuclear membrane positivityin LMNA-NTRK1fusion-positive sarcoma, and both cytoplasmic and nuclear positivityin ETV6-NTRK3fusion-positive IMT and infantile fibrosarcomas. Also, theTPR-NTRK1fusion-positive sarcoma showed robust positivity for CD34/nestin, and also showed high mitotic rate. TheLMNA-NTRK1fusion-positive sarcoma revealed CD34/S100 protein/nestin/CD10 coexpression, and a low mitotic rate. The IMT withETV6-NTRK3fusion expressed SMA. Six infantile fibrosarcomas withETV6-NTRK3fusion showed variable coexpression of nestin (6/6)/CD10 (4/5)/ S100 protein (3/6).ConclusionsAll cases ofNTRK1andNTRK3fusion-positive pediatric tumors robustly expressed the Trk protein. A Trk immunopositive pattern and CD34/S100/nestin/CD10/SMA immunohistochemical expression may suggest the presence ofNTRKfusion partner genes.LMNA-NTRK1fusion sarcoma might be a low-grade subtype of infantile fibrosarcoma. Interestingly, more than half of the infantile fibrosarcoma cases were positive for S100 protein and CD10. The follow-up period ofTPR-NTRK1andLMNA-NTRK1fusion-positive tumors are not enough to predict prognosis. However,ETV6-NTRK3fusion-positive infantile fibrosarcomas showed an excellent prognosis with no evidence of disease for an average of 11.7 years, after gross total resection of the tumor.
Efficacy of orbital radiotherapy in moderate-to-severe active graves’ orbitopathy including long-lasting disease: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Choi Jin Hwa , Lee Jeong Kyu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
We aimed to explore the efficacy of orbital radiotherapy (RT) in patients with moderate-to-severe active Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), including long-lasting disease, and to determine the predictive factors associated with treatment response.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of 62 moderate-to-severe active GO patients treated with RT. Demographic data and ophthalmic findings prior to RT and at 3 and 6 months afterward were analyzed. Computed tomography was performed before and after RT to compare orbital volume change. We used logistic regression to determine the predictive factors for treatment response. Subjects were divided into early- and late-active phase groups based on GO duration of 24 months and treatment outcomes were compared with each other to observe the effects of RT timing on treatment response.

Results
Forty (64.5%) and forty-six (74.1%) patients experienced improvements in GO at 3 and 6 months after radiotherapy, respectively. Ocular parameters such as clinical activity score (CAS), proptosis, extraocular muscle (EOM) limitation, and compressive optic neuropathy (CON) were improved by RT. Volumes of EOM significantly decreased after RT. The enlargement of EOMs and EOM limitation were predictive factors for a good response to RT. At 6 months after RT, 22 (68.8%) patients of late-active phase group exhibited improvement in GO, which is comparable to the number of 24 (80.0%) patients of early-active phase group. In the late-active phase group, CAS, diplopia, and visual acuity were improved significantly, but there was no change in EOM limitation.

Conclusions
In moderate-to-severe active GO patients, orbital RT may help improve high CAS, proptosis, EOM limitation, and CON. The orbital RT in long-lasting active GO patients may be considered as treatments for the relief of symptoms including high CAS and poor visual acuity.
Outcomes of platelet-rich plasma for plantar fasciopathy: a best-evidence synthesis
Authors: Yu Tao , Xia Jiang , Li Bing , Zhou Haichao , Yang Yunfeng , Yu Guangrong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Plantar fasciopathy (PF) is a very common disease, affecting about 1/10 people in their lifetime. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) had been demonstrated to be useful in achieving helpful effects for plantar fasciopathy. The purpose of this study was to compare the pain and functional outcomes between PRP and corticosteroid (CS) or placebo for plantar fasciopathy through meta-analysis and provide the best evidence.

Methods
Literature was searched systematically to explore related studies that were published in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Medline, SpringerLink, OVID, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Articles regarding comparative research about the outcomes of PRP therapy and CS or placebo injection were selected. Data of pain and functional outcomes was extracted and imported into Reviewer Manager 5.3 to analyze.

Results
Thirteen RCTs were included and analyzed. Analysis results showed significant superiority of PRP in outcome scores when compared with CS (VAS: MD = − 0.85, P < 0.0001, I2 = 85%; AOFAS: MD = 10.05, P < 0.0001, I2 = 85%), whereas there is no statistical difference in well-designed double-blind trials (VAS: MD = 0.15, P = 0.72, I2 = 1%; AOFAS: MD = 2.71, P = 0.17, I2 = 0%). In the comparison of the PRP and the placebo, the pooled mean difference was − 3.76 (P < 0.0001, 95% CI = − 4.34 to − 3.18).

Conclusions
No superiority of PRP had been found in well-designed double-blind studies, whereas it is implied that the outcomes of PRP are better than placebo based on available evidence.
Expectant management of pneumothorax in intubated COVID-19 positive patients: a case series
Authors: Elder Colby , Bawa Sheina , Anderson Douglas , Atkinson Stephen , Etzel Joshua , Moritz Troy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
There is an increasing amount of literature describing the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and its associated complications. Historically, a small pneumothorax has been shown to be successfully treated without chest tube insertion, but this management has yet to be proven in COVID-19 pneumonia patients. In addition, pneumothorax in an intubated patient with high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) provides additional uncertainty with pursuing non-operative management.

Case presentation
In this series we report four cases of patients with respiratory distress who tested positive for COVID-19 via nasopharyngeal swab and developed ventilator-induced pneumothoraces which were successfully managed with observation alone.

Conclusions
Management of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia on positive pressure ventilation who develop small stable pneumothoraces can be safely observed without chest tube insertion.
Consensus clinical management guidelines for Alström syndrome
Authors: Tahani Natascia , Maffei Pietro , Dollfus Hélène , Paisey Richard , Valverde Diana , Milan Gabriella , Han Joan C. , Favaretto Francesca , Madathil Shyam C. , Dawson Charlotte , Armstrong Matthew J. , Warfield Adrian T. , Düzenli Selma , Francomano Clair A. , Gunay-Aygun Meral , Dassie Francesca , Marion Vincent , Valenti Marina , Leeson-Beevers Kerry , Chivers Ann , Steeds Richard , Barrett Timothy , Geberhiwot Tarekegn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlström Syndrome (ALMS) is an ultra-rare multisystem genetic disorder caused by autosomal recessive variants in the ALMS1 gene, which is located on chromosome 2p13. ALMS is a multisystem, progressive disease characterised by visual disturbance, hearing impairment, cardiomyopathy, childhood obesity, extreme insulin resistance, accelerated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), renal dysfunction, respiratory disease, endocrine and urologic disorders. Clinical symptoms first appear in infancy with great variability in age of onset and severity. ALMS has an estimated incidence of 1 case per 1,000,000 live births and ethnically or geographically isolated populations have a higher-than-average frequency. The rarity and complexity of the syndrome and the lack of expertise can lead to delayed diagnosis, misdiagnosis and inadequate care. Multidisciplinary and multiprofessional teams of experts are essential for the management of patients with ALMS, as early diagnosis and intervention can slow the progression of multi-organ dysfunctions and improve patient quality of life.These guidelines are intended to define standard of care for patients suspected or diagnosed with ALMS of any age. All information contained in this document has originated from a systematic review of the literature and the experiences of the authors in their care of patients with ALMS. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE II) system was adopted for the development of the guidelines and for defining the related levels of evidence and strengths of recommendations.These guidelines are addressed to: a) specialist centres, other hospital-based medical teams and staffs involved with the care of ALMS patients, b) family physicians and other primary caregivers and c) patients and their families.