bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity levels among the adults of Majha region of Punjab, India: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Singh Harmandeep , Singh Sukhdev , Singh Amandeep , Baker Julien S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo construct a physical activity profile of the adult population of the Majha region of the Indian Punjab.MethodsThe study included a total of 1130 adult participants aged 18 to 64 years comprising both genders, from rural, urban, and different sociodemographic backgrounds from the four districts of the Majha region of Punjab. The WHO's STEPwise approach to Surveillance instrument for noncommunicable diseases was used to collect data for the selected variables such as physical activity levels, demographic characteristics, behavioral parameters (daily screen time, fruit intake/week, and vegetable intake/week), physical characteristics and self‐reported history of cardiovascular diseases, raised blood pressure, diabetes, and raised cholesterol. The likelihood of physical inactivity was predicted based on independent variables using logistic regression analysis.ResultsOverall, 56.81% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.9‐59.7) of participants were not sufficiently active as per WHO's moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity recommendations. Obesity and overweight were observed among 40.2% of the participants. Mean minutes/day of smartphone screen time was 86.11 (CI: 79.48‐92.71). Mean fruit (4.69 CI: 4.42‐4.95) and vegetable (15.35 CI: 15.08‐15.62) weekly consumption was lower than the WHO's recommendations. Work status, residence, annual household income, smartphone screen time, history of raised blood pressure, history of diabetes, and history of raised cholesterol were significant predictors of insufficient physical activity.ConclusionsOur study found a high prevalence of physical inactivity. Being a government employee, being an urban resident, having a middle‐level annual household income, high smartphone screen time and having a history of raised blood pressure, diabetes, and raised cholesterol were all significant predictors of physical inactivity.
Crystallization Kinetics Modulation of FASnI3 Films with Pre‐nucleation Clusters for Efficient Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Meng Xiangyue , Li Yunfei , Qu Yizhi , Chen Haining , Jiang Nan , Li Minghua , Xue Ding‐Jiang , Hu Jin‐Song , Huang Hui , Yang Shihe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTin halide perovskites are rising as promising materials for lead‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the crystallization rate of tin halide perovskites is much faster than the lead‐based analogs, leading to more rampant trap states and lower efficiency. Here, we disclose a key finding to modulate the crystallization kinetics of FASnI3 through a non‐classical nucleation mechanism based on pre‐nucleation clusters (PNCs). By introducing piperazine dihydriodide to tune the colloidal chemistry of the FASnI3 perovskite precursor solution, stable clusters could be readily formed in the solution before nucleation. These pre‐nucleation clusters act as intermediate phase and thus can reduce the energy barrier for the perovskite nucleation, resulting in a high‐quality perovskite film with lower defect density. This PNCs‐based method has led to a conspicuous photovoltaic performance improvement for FASnI3‐based PSCs, delivering an impressive efficiency of 11.39 % plus improved stability.
Atomistic simulations of functionalization of aramid fiber‐epoxy nanocomposite
Authors: Pan Lei , Zhong Lang , Guo Hua Xin , Wang Meng Lin , Xue Peng Bo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOwing to its high degree of crystallinity and orientation, the surface of aramid fiber is smooth, causing its low bonding strength with polymer matrix. This has restricted the application of aramid fiber in reinforced polymer materials. Effective methods are by introducing functional groups through surface modification and by increasing its surface roughness thereby greatly improving its bonding strength with the polymer. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study fiber functionalized with hydroxyl (OH), carboxyl (COOH), and the silane coupling agent as nanofillers for polymer nanocomposites. The interfacial characteristics and the mechanical behavior of polymer nanocomposites are investigated. The results show that the functionalization can enhance the interfacial shear stress and tensile strength. The functional group not only provides a stronger interface, but also provides additional mechanical interlocking effect, which effectively improves load‐bearing transmission capacity. The analysis of the micro‐mechanism from the energy level also provides new insights for the functionalized design of nanocomposites.
Fabrication of ultrafast temperature‐responsive nanofibrous hydrogel with superelasticity and its 'on–off' switchable drug releasing capacity
Authors: Zheng Xie , Liu Xiaoyun , Zha Liusheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe temperature‐responsive bulky hydrogel with fast response rate and satisfactory mechanical property has fascinating application potential in many aspects, such as the implantable macroscale controlled drug release carrier for post‐surgical therapy; however, creating such a smart hydrogel was proven extremely challenging. Here a novel type of temperature‐responsive bulky hydrogel with ultrafast response rate and super compressible elasticity was fabricated by the fibrous freeze‐shaping technique using shortened temperature‐responsive polymer based electrospun hollow nanofibers as building blocks, followed by heat treatment for endowing the hydrogel with high stability in water. Because the hydrogel has hierarchical porous structure and its constituent nanofibers have hollow structure, which are beneficial to diffusion of its embodied water during temperature‐induced volume phase transition, its temperature‐response time is less than 30 s. In addition, the hierarchical porous structure benefits dissipation of the compression stress exerted on the hydrogel. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐dextran as a model biomacromolecular drug, was loaded into the shells of the hollow nanofibers during coaxial electrospinning, and the ultimately obtained nanofibrous hydrogel can release its loaded FITC‐dextran in a 'on–off' switchable fashion in response to temperature alternation between 15 and 47°C. Cell cytotoxicity test results demonstrate that the temperature‐responsive nanofibrous hydrogel is biocompatible.
Venous Thromboembolism Risk With JAK Inhibitors: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Yates Mark , Mootoo Amanda , Adas Maryam , Bechman Katie , Rampes Sanketh , Patel Vishit , Qureshi Sumera , Cope Andrew P. , Norton Sam , Galloway James B. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveJAK inhibitor therapies are effective treatment options for immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), but their use has been limited by venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk warnings from licensing authorities. We undertook this study to evaluate the VTE risk of JAK inhibitors in patients with IMIDs.MethodsSystematic searches of Medline and Embase databases from inception to September 30, 2020 were conducted. Phase II and phase III double‐blind, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of JAK inhibitors at licensed doses were included in our analyses. RCTs with no placebo arm, long‐term extension studies, post hoc analyses, and pooled analyses were excluded. Three researchers independently extracted data on exposure to JAK inhibitors or placebo and VTE events (e.g., pulmonary embolism [PE] and deep vein thrombosis [DVT]) and assessed study quality.ResultsA total of 42 studies were included, from an initial search that yielded 619. There were 6,542 JAK inhibitor patient exposure years (PEYs) compared to 1,578 placebo PEYs. There were 15 VTE events in the JAK inhibitor group and 4 in the placebo group. The pooled incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of VTE, PE, and DVT in patients receiving JAK inhibitors were 0.68 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.36–1.29), 0.44 (95% CI 0.28–0.70), and 0.59 (95% CI 0.31–1.15), respectively.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis of RCT data defines the VTE risk with JAK inhibitors as a class in IMID patients. The pooled IRRs do not provide evidence that support the current warnings of VTE risk for JAK inhibitors. These findings will aid continued development of clinical guidelines for the use of JAK inhibitors in IMIDs.
Examination of cortically projecting cholinergic neurons following exercise and environmental intervention in a rodent model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Authors: Milbocker Katrina A. , Klintsova Anna Y. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundUp to 1 in 5 infants in the United States are exposed to alcohol prenatally, resulting in neurodevelopmental deficits categorized as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Choline supplementation ameliorates some deficits, suggesting that alcohol exposure (AE) perturbs cholinergic neurotransmission and development. Behavioral interventions, which upregulate cholinergic neurotransmission, rescue cognitive deficits in rodent models of FASD.MethodsWe investigated the impacts of two interventions (either wheel‐running (WR) or “super intervention,” WR plus exposure to a complex environment) on cholinergic neuronal morphology in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM), the source of cortical cholinergic input, and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in a rodent model of FASD. One third of the total 47 male pups received intragastric intubation of ethanol in milk substitute during postnatal days (PD) 4–9. Another third served as sham‐intubated procedural controls while the final third served as suckle controls. Rats from each group were exposed to either intervention during PD 30–72. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT+) and acetylcholinesterase staining were used to quantify cholinergic neuron number, soma volume, and axon number.ResultsOur data indicate a main effect of postnatal treatment on ChAT+ neuron number in NBM in adulthood. Post hoc analysis demonstrates that ChAT+ neuron number is reduced in AE compared to suckle control rodents (p < .01).ConclusionsWe examined the cytoarchitectonics of cholinergic neurons in NBM and PFC in adulthood following early postnatal AE and two interventions. We show that AE reduces ChAT+ neuron number in NBM, and this is not mitigated by either intervention.
Ocean carbon sequestration: Particle fragmentation by copepods as a significant unrecognised factor?
Authors: Mayor Daniel J. , Gentleman Wendy C. , Anderson Thomas R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOcean biology helps regulate global climate by fixing atmospheric CO2 and exporting it to deep waters as sinking detrital particles. New observations demonstrate that particle fragmentation is the principal factor controlling the depth to which these particles penetrate the ocean's interior, and hence how long the constituent carbon is sequestered from the atmosphere. The underlying cause is, however, poorly understood. We speculate that small, particle‐associated copepods, which intercept and inadvertently break up sinking particles as they search for attached protistan prey, are the principle agents of fragmentation in the ocean. We explore this idea using a new marine ecosystem model. Results indicate that explicitly representing particle fragmentation by copepods in biogeochemical models offers a step change in our ability to understand the future evolution of biologically‐mediated ocean carbon storage. Our findings highlight the need for improved understanding of the distribution, abundance, ecology and physiology of particle‐associated copepods.
Rapid biosynthesis of fluorescent CdSe QDs in Bacillus licheniformis and correlative bacterial antibiotic change assess during the process
Authors: Lin Tian‐Yang , Lian Zong‐Juan , Yao Cai‐Xia , Du Qing‐Qing , Liao Sheng‐Hua , Wu Sheng‐Mei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs) were biosynthesized rapidly in 18 h in Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 11946 (B. licheniformis); this process benefited from the cellular machinery of bacteria metal metabolism, in which inorganic Na2SeO3 and CdCl2 were chosen as raw materials to produce high quality CdSe QDs by a designed two‐step protocol. Research outcomes demonstrated that the purified CdSe QDs possessed maximum fluorescence intensities at weak alkalinity solutions and had good fluorescence stabilities at 4°C as well as at room temperature after standing for 1 week. Glutathione (GSH) concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) content, both of which were reported to be greatly related to biosynthetic activities in some bacterial matrices, were monitored during the biosynthetic process in B. licheniformis. Bacterial resistance research further showed that the change in rates in bacterial inhibition zone diameter to seven different antibiotics was less than 9% after B. licheniformis was used to manufacture CdSe QDs, showing a relative lower environmental risk in short‐term heavy metal exposure.
Fluorescence‐enhanced Cs4PbBr6/CsPbBr3 composites films synthesized by double‐films solid phase reaction method
Authors: Xiong Xuhui , Liu Hu , Wang Wei , Gong Jinhui , Chen Xiangting , Zhao Yaxuan , Tian Tingfang , Wang Li 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDue to indispensable ligands, polluted organic solution, or complex vapour deposition, stable CsPbBr3 film is hard to be prepared directly using a simple and environmentally friendly method. To improve the stability of CsPbBr3 film and its synthesis methods, the double‐films solid phase reaction was developed, and Cs4PbBr6/CsPbBr3 composites were designed. Although the synthesized particle had a size of 2–5 μm, much larger than that of quantum dots, in ambient conditions the composites films still showed good photoluminescence properties, with the highest photoluminescence quantum yield of 80%. It had good stability against air, temperature and humidity, and even had interesting fluorescence‐enhanced phenomenon after about 4 days.
IDentif.AI: Rapidly optimizing combination therapy design against severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐Cov‐2) with digital drug development
Authors: Blasiak Agata , Lim Jhin Jieh , Seah Shirley Gek Kheng , Kee Theodore , Remus Alexandria , Chye De Hoe , Wong Pui San , Hooi Lissa , Truong Anh T. L. , Le Nguyen , Chan Conrad E. Z. , Desai Rishi , Ding Xianting , Hanson Brendon J. , Chow Edward Kai‐Hua , Ho Dean 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) led to multiple drug repurposing clinical trials that have yielded largely uncertain outcomes. To overcome this challenge, we used IDentif.AI, a platform that pairs experimental validation with artificial intelligence (AI) and digital drug development to rapidly pinpoint unpredictable drug interactions and optimize infectious disease combination therapy design with clinically relevant dosages. IDentif.AI was paired with a 12‐drug candidate therapy set representing over 530,000 drug combinations against the SARS‐CoV‐2 live virus collected from a patient sample. IDentif.AI pinpointed the optimal combination as remdesivir, ritonavir, and lopinavir, which was experimentally validated to mediate a 6.5‐fold enhanced efficacy over remdesivir alone. Additionally, it showed hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin to be relatively ineffective. The study was completed within 2 weeks, with a three‐order of magnitude reduction in the number of tests needed. IDentif.AI independently mirrored clinical trial outcomes to date without any data from these trials. The robustness of this digital drug development approach paired with in vitro experimentation and AI‐driven optimization suggests that IDentif.AI may be clinically actionable toward current and future outbreaks.
New insights into molecules and pathways of cancer metabolism and therapeutic implications
Authors: Tang Zhenye , Xu Zhenhua , Zhu Xiao , Zhang Jinfang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCancer cells are abnormal cells that can reproduce and regenerate rapidly. They are characterized by unlimited proliferation, transformation and migration, and can destroy normal cells. To meet the needs for cell proliferation and migration, tumor cells acquire molecular materials and energy through unusual metabolic pathways as their metabolism is more vigorous than that of normal cells. Multiple carcinogenic signaling pathways eventually converge to regulate three major metabolic pathways in tumor cells, including glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. The distinct metabolic signatures of cancer cells reflect that metabolic changes are indispensable for the genesis and development of tumor cells. In this review, we report the unique metabolic alterations in tumor cells which occur through various signaling axes, and present various modalities available for cancer diagnosis and clinical therapy. We further provide suggestions for the development of anti‐tumor therapeutic drugs.
Functional mechanism and clinical implications of MicroRNA‐423 in human cancers
Authors: Ke RuiSheng , Lv LiZhi , Zhang SiYu , Zhang FuXing , Jiang Yi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs play a vital role in the regulatory mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Current research indicates that microRNA‐423 (miR‐423) is abnormally expressed in various human tumors and participates in multiple signaling pathways of cancer progression. In most studies, miR‐423 was confirmed as oncomiR, while a few contradictory reports considered miR‐423 as an anticancer miRNA. The paradoxical role in cancer may hinder the application of miR‐423 as a diagnostic and therapeutic target. Simultaneously, the interaction mechanism between miR‐423 and lncRNA also needs attention. In this review, we have summarized the dual role of aberrant miR‐423 expression and its mechanisms in tumorigenesis, and the therapeutic potential of miR‐423 in human tumors.
Trypsiligase‐Catalyzed Labeling of Proteins on Living Cells
Authors: Liebscher Sandra , Mathea Sebastian , Aumüller Tobias , Pech Andreas , Bordusa Frank 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFluorescent fusion proteins are powerful tools for studying biological processes in living cells, but universal application is limited due to the voluminous size of those tags, which might have an impact on the folding, localization or even the biological function of the target protein. The designed biocatalyst trypsiligase enables site‐directed linkage of small‐sized fluorescence dyes on the N terminus of integral target proteins located in the outer membrane of living cells through a stable native peptide bond. The function of the approach was tested by using the examples of covalent derivatization of the transmembrane proteins CD147 as well as the EGF receptor, both presented on human HeLa cells. Specific trypsiligase recognition of the site of linkage was mediated by the dipeptide sequence Arg‐His added to the proteins’ native N termini, pointing outside the cell membrane. The labeling procedure takes only about 5 minutes, as demonstrated for couplings of the fluorescence dye tetramethyl rhodamine and the affinity label biotin as well.
The occurrence of giant mesenteric cyst and adrenal ganglioneuroma in a schizophrenic male patient presenting as pseudocyesis: A case report
Authors: Negahi Alireza , Jahanshahi Fatemeh , Boozari Behnaz , Sadeghipour Alireza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn psychological patients like our case, somatically expressed symptoms which can imply another psychological syndrome should be dealt with cautiously.
Minimally invasive tricuspid valve surgery and concomitant MAZE procedure with closure of LA appendage through an ASD
Authors: Chang Guohao , Kang Giap Swee , Alexiou Christos George , Kofidis Theodoros 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUtilization of the ASD as a gateway to reach the left heart in tricuspid valve surgery may facilitate the use of a mini right thoracotomy and single atriotomy approach, avoiding the need for bi‐atrial incisions and/or median sternotomy.
Clinical course of Capnocytophaga canimorsus bacteremia from acute onset to life crisis
Authors: Tsunoda Hideki , Nomi Hidetomo , Okada Kunihiko , Kenzaka Tsuneaki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCapnocytophaga canimorsus bacteremia can present without signs of sepsis just after onset. For patients with fever, discerning the history of an animal bite is crucial. If it is positive for a dog bite, antibiotic treatment should be started.
Point‐of‐care ultrasound: Closing guideline gaps in screening for valvular heart disease
Authors: Hammadah Muhammad , Ponce Christopher , Sorajja Paul , Cavalcante João L. , Garcia Santiago , Gössl Mario 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundA linear increase in the number of valvular heart disease is expected due to the aging population, yet most patients with severe valvular heart disease remain undiagnosed.HypothesisPOCUS can serve as a screening tool for valvular heart disease.MethodsWe reviewed the literature to assess the strengths and limitations of POCUS in screening and diagnosing valvular heart disease.ResultsPOCUS is an accurate, affordable, accessible, and comprehensive tool. It has a fast learning curve and can prevent unnecessary and more expensive imaging. Challenges include training availability, lack of simplified screening protocols, and reimbursement. Large scale valvular screening data utilizing POCUS is not available.ConclusionPOCUS can serve as a screening tool and guide the management of patients with valvular heart disease. More data is needed about its efficacy and cost‐effectiveness in the screening of patients with valvular heart disease.
The Two‐Dimensional Electrides XONa (X=Mg, Ca) as Novel Natural Hyperbolic Materials
Authors: Choe Myong‐Il , Kim Kwang‐Hyon , Wi Ju‐Hyok 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn two‐dimensional electrides, anionic electrons are spatially confined in interlayer regions with high density, comparable to metals, and they are highly mobile, just as free electrons, resembling hyperbolic metamaterials with metal‐dielectric multilayered structures. In this work, two‐dimensional electride materials MgONa and CaONa are proposed as good natural hyperbolic materials. By using the first‐principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT), the electronic structures, stabilities, and optical properties of two‐dimensional electride materials XONa (X=Mg, Ca) are investigated. Our results show that they are stable in 1‐monolayer (1‐ML) structures as well as in bulk states. They exhibit hyperbolic dispersions from visible to near infrared spectral range with high qualities up to about 700, which is two orders‐of‐magnitude larger than the preceding bulk hyperbolic materials. Numerical results reveal that they exhibit negative refraction with low losses. Their high‐quality hyperbolic responses over a wide spectral range pave the way of broad photonic applications as natural hyperbolic materials.
Controlling Gene‐Silencing with Azobenzene‐Containing siRNAs (siRNAzos)
Authors: Hammill Matthew L. , Islam Golam , Desaulniers Jean‐Paul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article contains the detailed biophysical characterization, biological testing, and photo‐switching protocols of azobenzene containing siRNAs (siRNAzos), which have photoswitchable properties that can be controlled with light. First, the siRNAzos are characterized by annealing the sense and anti‐sense strands together and then measuring the circular dichroism (CD) profile, and the melting temperatures (Tm) of the duplexes. Second, the biological testing of the siRNAzos in cell culture is done to determine their gene silencing efficacy. Finally, their gene‐silencing activities are measured after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light in order to inactivate the siRNAzo, and then broadband visible light, which re‐activates the siRNAzo. This inactivation/reactivation protocol can be done in real time, and is reversible and robust and can be performed multiple times on the same sample if desired. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Bio‐physical characterization of siRNAzo duplexesBasic Protocol 2: Evaluation of azobenzene gene‐silencing using Firefly LuciferaseBasic Protocol 3: Evaluation of azobenzene gene‐silencing using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR)