bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of integrins in melanoma: a review
Authors: Arias‐Mejias Suzette M. , Warda Katerina Y. , Quattrocchi Enrica , Alonso‐Quinones Hector , Sominidi‐Damodaran Sindhuja , Meves Alexander 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntegrins are the major family of cell adhesion receptors in humans and essential for a wide range of normal physiology, including formation and maintenance of tissue structure integrity, cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Integrins also play a prominent role in tumor growth and metastasis. Translational research has tried to define the contribution of integrins to the phenotypic aggressiveness of melanoma because such knowledge is clinically useful. For example, differential expression of integrins in primary cutaneous melanoma can be used to distinguish indolent from aggressive, prometastatic melanoma. Recent studies have shown that gene expression–based testing of patient‐derived melanoma tissue is feasible, and molecular tests may fully replace interventional surgical methods such as sentinel lymph node biopsies in the future. Because of their central role in mediating invasion and metastasis, integrins are likely to be useful biomarkers. Integrins are also attractive candidate targets for interventional therapy. This article focuses on the role of integrins in melanoma and highlights recent advances in the field of translational research.
Postoperative renal impairment and longitudinal change in renal function after adrenalectomy in patients with Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Nakamura Yuki , Yokoyama Minato , Yoshida Soichiro , Tanaka Hajime , Kijima Toshiki , Ishioka Junichiro , Matsuoka Yoh , Saito Kazutaka , Minami Isao , Yoshimoto Takanobu , Naito Shotaro , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Yamada Tetsuya , Uchida Shinichi , Fujii Yasuhisa 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the renal function after adrenalectomy in patients with Cushing's syndrome in comparison with that in patients with primary aldosteronism.MethodsThis retrospective study included 35 patients with Cushing's syndrome and 51 patients with primary aldosteronism who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy and were followed up for >6 months. The renal function was analyzed before and after adrenalectomy using the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Postoperative renal impairment was defined as a >25% reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline at 1 month after adrenalectomy. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to examine whether the differences between Cushing's syndrome and primary aldosteronism increased the risk of postoperative renal impairment. Longitudinal changes were calculated starting 1 month after adrenalectomy using the linear mixed model.ResultsThe mean estimated glomerular filtration rate in both groups significantly decreased at 1 month after adrenalectomy from baseline. Postoperative renal impairment was observed in four (11%) and 12 (24%) patients in the Cushing's syndrome and primary aldosteronism groups, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative systolic blood pressure was independently associated with postoperative renal impairment, but not with the type of the disease. There was no significant increase or decrease in postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate observed after the initial decrease after adrenalectomy in either group.ConclusionsPatients with Cushing's syndrome show the same persistent renal impairment after adrenalectomy as that reported in patients with primary aldosteronism. Attention should be given to possible masked renal damage in clinical practice for the management of Cushing's syndrome.
Obesity and CD8 T cell metabolism: Implications for anti‐tumor immunity and cancer immunotherapy outcomes
Authors: Turbitt William J. , Buchta Rosean Claire , Weber K. Scott , Norian Lyse A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObesity is an established risk factor for many cancers and has recently been found to alter the efficacy of T cell–based immunotherapies. Currently, however, the effects of obesity on immunometabolism remain unclear. Understanding these associations is critical, given the fact that T cell metabolism is tightly linked to effector function. Thus, any obesity‐associated changes in T cell bioenergetics are likely to drive functional changes at the cellular level, alter the metabolome and cytokine/chemokine milieu, and impact cancer immunotherapy outcomes. Here, we provide a brief overview of T cell metabolism in the presence and absence of solid tumor growth and summarize current literature regarding obesity‐associated changes in T cell function and bioenergetics. We also discuss recent findings related to the impact of host obesity on cancer immunotherapy outcomes and present potential mechanisms by which T cell metabolism may influence therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we describe promising pharmaceutical therapies that are being investigated for their ability to improve CD8 T cell metabolism and enhance cancer immunotherapy outcomes in patients, regardless of their obesity status.
An empirical study on using virtual reality for enhancing the youth's intercultural sensitivity in Hong Kong
Authors: Li Chen , Ip Horace H. S. , Wong Yuen M. , Lam Wing S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAccording to the census data published by the government in 2016, 92% of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region population is ethnic Chinese, while the number of ethnic minorities increased significantly by around 70% over the past decade. Enhancing the youth’s intercultural sensitivity is becoming critical. Although many of the schools start to provide intercultural sensitivity training as extra‐curriculum activities, students often find them unattractive while teachers question their effectiveness. In this paper, we present a virtual reality enabled approach for enhancing the youth’s intercultural sensitivity. The objective is to design and develop an approach that can benefit from using virtual reality to deliver the instructional materials, making the learning more effective. A total number of three different virtual reality learning scenarios have been created, covering topics such as views of marriage and family, religious beliefs, and language barrier. The empirical study found significantly increase of intercultural sensitivity among the 67 qualified participants after joining the session. The calculated linear regression model also suggested that the participants’ perceived motivation from the virtual reality learning content positively contributed to the intercultural sensitivity increase, while interestingly the perceived enjoyment during the virtual reality exposure may negatively affected the learning outcomes.
Maresin Conjugates in Tissue Regeneration 1 improves alveolar fluid clearance by up‐regulating alveolar ENaC, Na, K‐ATPase in lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury
Authors: Han Jun , Li Hui , Bhandari Suwas , Cao Fei , Wang Xin‐Yang , Tian Chao , Li Xin‐Yu , Zhang Pu‐Hong , Liu Yong‐Jian , Wu Cheng‐Hua , Smith Fang Gao , Jin Sheng‐Wei , Hao Yu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMaresin Conjugates in Tissue Regeneration 1 (MCTR1) is a newly identified macrophage‐derived sulfido‐conjugated mediator that stimulates the resolution of inflammation. This study assessed the role of MCTR1 in alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) in a rat model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Rats were intravenously injected with MCTR1 at a dose of 200 ng/rat, 8 hours after administration of 14 mg/kg LPS. The level of AFC was then determined in live rats. Primary rat ATII (Alveolar Type II) epithelial cells were also treated with MCTR1 (100 nmol/L) in a culture medium containing LPS for 8 hours. MCTR1 treatment improved AFC (18.85 ± 2.07 vs 10.11 ± 1.08, P < .0001) and ameliorated ALI in rats. MCTR1 also significantly promoted AFC by up‐regulating epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and Na+‐K+‐adenosine triphosphatase (Na, K‐ATPase) expressions in vivo. MCTR1 also activated Na, K‐ATPase and elevated phosphorylated‐Akt (P‐Akt) by up‐regulating the expression of phosphorylated Nedd4‐2 (P‐Nedd4‐2) in vivo and in vitro. However, BOC‐2 (ALX inhibitor), KH7 (cAMP inhibitor) and LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) abrogated the improved AFC induced by MCTR1. Based on the findings of this study, MCTR1 may be a novel therapeutic approach to improve reabsorption of pulmonary oedema during ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
LncRNA ADAMTS9‐AS2 suppresses the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and the tumorigenicity of cancer stem cells through regulating SPOP
Authors: Wang Feiran , Tang Chong , Xu Dong , Tang Yijie , Jiang Yasu , Gao Xuesong , Xu Junfei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNowadays, research on CSCs is still in an initial stage, and there are few studies reporting the successful isolation and identification of CSCs. In the present study, we attempted to isolate CSCs through cultivating the cell line MKN45 in defined serum‐free medium and study the expression of stem cell markers or related proteins (Oct3/4, Sox2, Nanog and CD44) in CSCs. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining was performed to validate the stem cell markers of spheroid body‐forming cells. Further experiments were used to evaluate the SPOP expression in tumorsphere cells. In addition, ADAMTS9‐AS2 is a lncRNA that contributes to the genesis and development of many cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). We found ADAMTS9‐AS2 functioned as an anti‐oncogene and positively correlated with the expression of SPOP in GC tissues by combining bioinformatics analyses. Furthermore, we reported that ADAMTS9‐AS2 regulated the expression of SPOP in GC cells and tumorsphere cells to inhibit GC progression. Together, our results demonstrated that SPOP and ADAMTS9‐AS2 can be potential targets for GC treatment.
Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity and processing speed: predicting adaptive change in ADHD levels and related impairments in preschoolers
Authors: Hoza Betsy , Shoulberg Erin K. , Tompkins Connie L. , Martin Caroline P. , Krasner Allison , Dennis Marissa , Meyer Lori E. , Cook Hannah 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundPreschool ADHD symptoms have predictive utility for later presence of ADHD diagnoses (Harvey, Youngwirth, Thakar, & Errazuriz, 2009, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 349; Lahey et al., 2004, American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(11), 2014), yet some level of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are present even in typically developing preschoolers. Physical activity (PA) is known to have a broad spectrum of positive effects on the brain in school‐age typically developing children (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010, The association between school based physical activity, including physical education, and academic performance. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services), including functions impaired by ADHD (Halperin, Berwid, & O'Neill, 2014, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 23, 899), yet links between PA and ADHD levels and impairments have rarely been studied in either typically developing or at‐risk preschool children. Importantly, impaired processing speed (PS), though not a symptom of ADHD, is a robust neuropsychological correlate (Willcutt & Bidwell, 2011, Treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Assessment and intervention in developmental context. Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute) that may indicate additional risk for ADHD. Hence, we examined whether baseline PS moderates the association between preschoolers' PA, specifically moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA), and changes in ADHD levels and related behaviors.MethodEighty‐five preschoolers (49.4% female; Mage = 4.14, SDage = .64) were drawn from a larger study of the effects of the Kiddie Children and Teachers (CATs) on the Move PA program on school readiness. The sample was largely Head Start eligible (68.2%) and ethnically diverse. Hierarchical regressions were utilized to examine links between MVPA, averaged over a school year, and changes in inattention (IA), hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), oppositional behaviors, moodiness, and peer functioning, and whether these associations varied based on baseline PS.ResultsResults indicated that for IA, HI, and peer functioning, higher amounts of MVPA were associated with greater adaptive change for those with lower (but not higher) levels of PS.ConclusionsPreschool MVPA may be a viable method of reducing ADHD levels and impairments for those with lower PS.
The encapsulation of curcumin by whey protein: Assessment of the stability and bioactivity
Authors: Solghi Saber , Emam‐Djomeh Zahra , Fathi Morteza , Farahani Farzaneh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsThe aims of the present work were to encapsulate curcumin in denaturated whey protein isolate and investigate the physicochemical and morphological properties of whey protein isolate‐based nanoparticles (WPI‐NPs).MethodsScanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphological properties of WPI‐NPs. The crystalline structure of the developed NPs was evaluated by using an X‐ray diffraction technique. Antiradical activity of pure and loaded curcumin was also tested. in vitro release of curcumin into the simulated stomach and small intestine was evaluated. The stability of pure and encapsulated curcumin against pH and oxidation was compared.ResultsWPI‐NPs had a spherical shape‐like structure with smooth surface. The encapsulation efficiency of curcumin in WPI‐NPs was found to be 93.1%, demonstrating that the encapsulation system used in the present work was effective to entrap curcumin molecules. WPI‐NPs showed more stability at pH 7, indicating that the developed system is suitable for application of beverages with neutral pH. Furthermore, the encapsulation of curcumin into nanoparticles led to improvement of the oxidation stability of curcumin from 10% to 70%. The developed nanoparticles improved the release of curcumin in the simulated gastrointestinal tract. The release of curcumin in simulated gastric medium was low, but in the intestine, most of the curcumins were released in the early hours. The release of curcumin followed non‐Fickian mechanism in the intestine and stomach environment.ConclusionThe developed encapsulation system can be introduced as a viable strategy to improve the bioavailability of curcumin.Practical ApplicationsConsidering the diverse biological activity of curcumin and high oxidation stability of WPI‐NPs, the developed nanoparticles can be used as a valuable additive compound in food and pharmaceutical systems, especially in beverages with neutral pH.
Older Adults Can Successfully Monitor Symptoms Using an Inclusively Designed Mobile Application
Authors: Reading Turchioe Meghan , Grossman Lisa V. , Baik Dawon , Lee Christopher S. , Maurer Mathew S. , Goyal Parag , Safford Monika M. , Masterson Creber Ruth M. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVESPatient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures can monitor patients with chronic illnesses outside of healthcare settings. Unfortunately, few applications that collect electronic PROMIS measures are designed using inclusive design principles that ensure wide accessibility and usability, thus limiting use by older adults with chronic illnesses. Our aim was to establish the feasibility of using an inclusively designed mobile application tailored to older adults to report PROMIS measures by examining (1) PROMIS scores collected with the application, (2) patient‐reported usability of the application, and (3) differences in usability by age.DESIGNCross‐sectional feasibility study.SETTINGInpatient and outpatient cardiac units at an urban academic medical center.PARTICIPANTSA total of 168 English‐ and Spanish‐speaking older adults with heart failure.INTERVENTIONParticipants used an inclusively designed mobile application to self‐report PROMIS measures.MEASUREMENTSEleven PROMIS Short‐Form questionnaires (Anxiety, Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities, Applied Cognition‐Abilities, Depression, Emotional Distress‐Anger, Fatigue, Global Mental Health, Global Physical Health; Pain Interference, Physical Function, Sleep Disturbance), and a validated health technology usability survey measuring Perceived Ease‐of‐Use and Usefulness of the application.RESULTSOverall, 27% of participants were between 65 and 74 years of age, 10% were 75 years or older, 63% were male, 32% were white, and 96% had two or more medical conditions. There was no missing PROMIS data, and mean PROMIS scores showed the greatest burden of pain, fatigue, and physical function in the sample. Usability scores were high and not associated with age (Perceived Ease‐of‐Use P = .77; Perceived Usefulness P = .91).CONCLUSIONIt is feasible for older adults to use an inclusively designed application to report complete PROMIS data with high perceived usability. To ensure data completeness and the opportunity to study multiple domains of physical, mental, and social health, future work should use inclusive design principles for applications collecting PROMIS measures among older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1313–1318, 2020.
Empowering Older Adults to Discuss Advance Care Planning During Clinical Visits: The PREPARE Randomized Trial
Authors: Freytag Jennifer , Street Richard L. , Barnes Deborah E. , Shi Ying , Volow Aiesha M. , Shim Janet K. , Alexander Stewart C. , Sudore Rebecca L. 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESA patient‐directed, online program (PREPARE for Your Care [PREPARE]; prepareforyourcare.org) has been shown to increase advance care planning (ACP) documentation. However, the mechanisms underlying PREPARE are unknown. Our objectives were to compare the efficacy of PREPARE plus an easy‐to‐read advance directive (AD) vs an AD alone to increase active patient participation in ACP discussions during clinic visits and to examine effects of active patient participation on ACP documentation.DESIGNAudio recordings of postintervention primary care visits from two randomized trials (2013‐2016).SETTINGSeven primary care clinics at a veterans affair and safety‐net hospital in San Francisco, CA.PARTICIPANTSEnglish‐ and Spanish‐speaking adults, aged 55 years and older, with two or more chronic/serious conditions.INTERVENTIONPREPARE plus an easy‐to‐read AD or an AD alone.MEASUREMENTSThe primary outcome was the number of active patient participation utterances about ACP (eg, asking questions, stating preferences) measured by the validated Active Patient Participation Coding Scheme. We examined differences in utterances by study arm using mixed effects negative binomial models and utterances as a mediator of PREPARE's effect on documentation using adjusted logistic regression. Models were adjusted for health literacy, prior care planning, and clinician.RESULTSAmong 393 participants, the mean (SD) age was 66 (8.1) years, 120 (30.5%) had limited health literacy, and 99 (25.2%) were Spanish speaking. PREPARE plus the AD resulted in 41% more active patient participation in ACP discussions compared with the AD alone (mean [SD] = 10.1 [16.8] vs 6.6 [13.4] utterances; incidence rate ratio = 1.41; 95% confidence interval = 1.00‐1.98). For every additional utterance, participants had 15% higher odds of ACP documentation, and active patient participation accounted for 16% of PREPARE's effect on documentation.CONCLUSIONSThe PREPARE program and easy‐to‐read AD empowered patients to actively participate in ACP discussions during clinical visits more than the AD alone. Increased activation was associated with increased ACP documentation. Therefore, PREPARE may mitigate barriers to ACP among English‐ and Spanish‐speaking older adults.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: “Improving Advance Care Planning by Preparing Diverse Seniors for Decision Making (PREPARE)” NCT01990235 and “Preparing Spanish‐Speaking Older Adults for Advance Care Planning and Medical Decision Making (PREPARE)” NCT02072941. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1210–1217, 2020.
Improving sexual healthcare delivery for men in prison: A nurse‐led initiative
Authors: Kelly Carmel , Templeton Michelle , Allen Karen , Lohan Maria 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThe study aim was to develop and evaluate a nurse‐led sexual health service and health promotion intervention for men in prison.BackgroundMen in prison are particularly marginalised members of our society, negatively impacting on their ability to making healthy choices. In relation to sexual health, prison provides an opportunity for curative and preventive care, for an otherwise often hard‐to‐reach, priority population.DesignPractice development, audit and evaluation.MethodsEmploying a practice development and participatory methodology, we empowered prison nursing staff to provide robust asymptomatic testing for sexually transmitted infections, including the management of chlamydia, with appropriate treatment and partner notification. Collaboratively with young men and nursing staff, a short animation video to promote the service was developed. A case note audit of 172 patients seen in the service during the 6‐month period 1 July 2018–31 December 2018 was undertaken. The Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE, see Supplementary Material) checklist was followed.ResultsNational outcome measures were exceeded for some clinical outcomes. During the 6‐month period, there were 12 chlamydia‐positive (7% positivity rate) and 3 gonorrhoea‐positive results. In addition, two new cases of syphilis were detected and a further two cases of known HIV were highlighted. There were seven cases of hepatitis C (3 previously diagnosed) and three cases of hepatitis B. A short animation Dick Loves Doot was developed.ConclusionSuccessful partnerships between sexual health and prison healthcare services, in partnership with service users, can achieve well‐coordinated services and health promotion interventions.Relevance to clinical practiceThis nurse‐led model of care increased detection and early treatment of asymptomatic STIs among men in prison, impacting positively the men, their partner (s) and the public health of the society to which they return.