bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric responses of ecosystem productivity to rainfall anomalies vary inversely with mean annual rainfall over the conterminous United States
Authors: Al‐Yaari Amen , Wigneron Jean‐Pierre , Ciais Philippe , Reichstein Markus , Ballantyne Ashley , Ogée Jerome , Ducharne Agnès , Swenson Jennifer J. , Frappart Frédéric , Fan Lei , Wingate Lisa , Li Xiaojun , Hufkens Koen , Knapp Alan K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe CONterminous United States (CONUS) presents a large range of climate conditions and biomes where terrestrial primary productivity and its inter‐annual variability are controlled regionally by rainfall and/or temperature. Here, the response of ecosystem productivity to those climate variables was investigated across different biomes from 2010 to 2018 using three climate datasets of precipitation, air temperature or drought severity, combined with several proxies of ecosystem productivity: a remote sensing product of aboveground biomass, an net primary productivity (NPP) remote sensing product, an NPP model‐based product and four gross primary productivity products. We used an asymmetry index (AI) where positive AI indicates a greater increase of ecosystem productivity in wet years compared to the decline in dry years, and negative AI indicates a greater decline of ecosystem productivity in dry years compared to the increase in wet years. We found consistent spatial patterns of AI across the CONUS for the different products, with negative asymmetries over the Great Plains and positive asymmetries over the southwestern CONUS. Shrubs and, to a lesser extent, evergreen forests show a persistent positive asymmetry, whilst (natural) grasslands appear to have transitioned from positive to negative anomalies during the last decade. The general tendency of dominant negative asymmetry response for ecosystem productivity across the CONUS appears to be influenced by the negative asymmetry of precipitation anomalies. AI was found to be a function of mean rainfall: more positive AIs were found in dry areas where plants are adapted to drought and take advantage of rainfall pulses, and more negative AIs were found in wet areas, with a threshold delineating the two regimes corresponding to a mean annual rainfall of 200–400 mm/year.
Gender differences in pay among university faculty in Russia
Authors: Rudakov Victor N. , Prakhov Ilya A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe study focuses on the issue of gender discrimination in pay among university faculty in Russia, a country with an exceptionally high share of female faculty in higher education. Using a comprehensive and nationally representative survey of university faculty, we found that although women in academia earn considerably less than men, gender inequality among university faculty is lower than in the non‐academic sector. The study shows that gender differences in pay can be mainly explained by vertical gender segregation: women are less likely to achieve senior positions in the university hierarchy, which brings a high wage premium. Another explanation is horizontal segregation, when there is a prevalence of male faculty in Moscow‐based universities, which provide a considerable wage premium compared to regional ones. A decomposition of the gender wage gap shows that slightly more than half of it can be explained by observable factors, while the rest can be attributed to discrimination and unobservable characteristics. Within the unexplained part the major part can be attributed to favoritism towards men and the minor part to discrimination against women. We found some evidence that faculty in research universities, which actively implement performance‐related pay, experience less gender inequality.
Law and legal culture in Anglo‐Saxon England
Authors: Rabin Andrew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe reception and study of pre‐Conquest legal texts can never be fully disentangled from the historical and political contexts within which they transpired. Indeed, the historiography of early English law has been shaped as much by the desires, prejudices and ideological commitments of its historians as it has by the texts themselves. Modern scholarship has not ‘risen above’ its predecessors but is instead guided (and at times governed) by the history of the laws' reception from the post‐Conquest period onwards. The boundaries of the Old English legal corpus are far more fluid than often recognized and its survival has been determined by political forces and social trends that reshaped and recontextualized it in ways that those involved in its composition may not have intended or even understood. To better understand how the modern study of Anglo‐Saxon legal culture has been and continues to be shaped by these influences, this article first outlines a brief history of the reception of early English legal texts from the Conquest onwards before turning to a review of the major themes and trends in contemporary scholarship. As will become apparent, for modern scholars, the interpretation of legal records, the historical narrative they appear to construct and even the parameters of the corpus itself have all been shaped by the nostalgia, biases and scholarly priorities of their predecessors.
Efficacy of Behaviour Change Techniques to improve oral hygiene control of individuals undergoing orthodontic therapy. A systematic review
Authors: Discepoli Nicola , Mirra Raffaele , Marruganti Crystal , Beneforti Cecilia , Doldo Tiziana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThis study aims to review the available evidence on the efficacy of behaviour change techniques to improve compliance in young orthodontic patients and to compare these with conventional oral hygiene instructions.MethodsThe review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. PICO method was used to define eligibility criteria. Two independent reviewers performed the research, examined electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus and CENTRAL) and manually checked relevant journals. Only RCTs with more than 10 participants and 3 months follow‐up were included. Data extraction and their qualitative analysis were performed for included studies.ResultsSearch strategy identified 320 articles. After screening for titles, abstracts and full texts, 10 articles were then selected for qualitative analysis. High methodological heterogeneity was present among studies and therefore no meta‐analysis was performed. Low risk of bias was detected for one study only. The most common intervention was “mobile phone communication,” which was investigated in five studies. Motivational interviewing, repeated reinforcements and visual‐aided approach were also examined.ConclusionThe interest in remote control of patients compliance appears to be fruitful, nonetheless there is no consensus as to a unique treatment protocol. Every other treatment looks beneficial but higher methodological homogeneity should be sought for in future investigations.
The effect of two calcium silicate‐based and one epoxy resin‐based root canal sealer on postoperative pain: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aslan T. , Dönmez Özkan H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo compare the effect of two calcium silicate‐based (Endoseal MTA and EndoSequence BC Sealer) and an epoxy resin‐based (AH Plus) root canal sealer on postoperative pain following single‐visit root canal treatment on molar teeth.MethodologyPatients (n = 90) having one first or second molar tooth diagnosed with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis were randomly divided into three groups according to the sealer used (n = 30) and were treated by two endodontists having at least 10 years of experience. All patients received a single‐visit root canal treatment. After the treatments, postoperative pain scores and analgesic intake were recorded at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, and 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days. The data were analysed statistically using non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis tests (for the comparisons of the age and VAS scores), Friedman tests (for the assessments of the changes in pain scores over time), chi‐squared tests (for the comparisons of categorical variables) and Spearman’s correlation test (for the correlation assessments of the age and gender factors with postoperative pain; α = 0.05).ResultsThere were no significant differences amongst the groups in terms of postoperative pain at any time‐points assessed (P > 0.05) nor for analgesic intake of patients amongst the groups (P > 0.05). Analgesic intake decreased significantly after 12 h in all groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe sealers tested in this study were associated with similar levels of postoperative pain and were associated with a similar intake of analgesics.
Circular economy in cementitious ceramics: Replacement of hydrated lime with a stoichiometric balanced combination of clay and marble waste
Authors: Marvila Markssuel T. , de Azevedo Afonso R. G. , Alexandre Jonas , Colorado Henry , Pereira Antunes Maria L. , Vieira Carlos M. F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCementitious ceramics, produced from the hydration of cement and hydrated lime, are responsible for a great deal of damage to the environment due to the high emission of CO2 that occurs in the production of cement and lime. Therefore, the objective of this work was to substitute the hydrated lime with a combination of clay residue and marble waste extracted from ceramic and ornamental rock producing industries, respectively, which constitutes a circular economy for the ceramic industry related to masonry applications. Ceramics were produced in the proportion 1:1:6:1.5 (cement:lime:sand:water), through the molding procedure, and were studied by replacing hydrated lime with 100% clay residue and 100% marble residue, in addition to stoichiometric calculated parts of marble to clay. The molar ratios used were 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 (marble:clay). Tests of consistency, incorporated air content, water retention, compression strength, density, water absorption by capillarity, adhesion, and electrical resistivity were performed. The results obtained demonstrate that the use of residue of marble and clay together, as long as they are correctly balanced, provides a high gain in technological properties, enabling the circular economy of cementitious ceramics, mainly for the composition 1 marble:1clay, which presented the best properties, both in the fresh and hardened state. The economic analysis carried out proved the financial gains for the industrial sectors involved (civil construction, ornamental rock, and ceramic).
Using betaxolol for the prevention of paronychia induced by epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: a case–control cohort study
Authors: Lu Chun‐Wei , Wang Ting‐Ya , Yen Chi‐Feng , Chen Kang‐Hua , Wu Chiao‐En , Wang Chih‐Liang , Hsu Ping‐Chih , Fang Yueh‐Fu , Li Shih‐Hong , Ko How‐Wen , Tseng Li‐Chuan , Shih Feng‐Ya , Lin Yu‐Jr , Chen Mei‐Jun , Chen Chun‐Bing , Su Pang Jong‐Hwei , Chung Wen‐Hung , Ko Yu‐Shien 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh rates of posttreatment discomfort, infection, recurrence, and increased time to return to work have been noted after nail plate avulsion resulting from epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR‐TKI)‐induced paronychia, which may even interrupt the course of treatment for EGFR‐TKI therapy. Thus, we conducted this study to determine how effectively a topical β‐blocker, betaxolol, prevents EGFR‐TKI‐induced paronychia.MethodsThis case–control cohort study included a total of 131 non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients. The prevention group comprised 40 patients treated with topical betaxolol 0.25% solution to prevent paronychia while they received EGFR‐TKI therapy. The control group comprised 91 patients who did not preventively use topical betaxolol 0.25% solution while receiving EGFR‐TKI therapy. The patients’ age, gender, antineoplastic regimen, duration of antineoplastic treatment before the appearance of lesions, number of involved digits (fingernails or toenails) with lesions, grading of paronychia, and pain score were recorded.ResultsIn terms of the cumulative incidence of paronychia, significant differences (P < 0.01) were noted at both the 2nd and 3rd months after starting EGFR‐TKIs. Furthermore, the average visual analogue scale scores were 3.125 and 6.29 in the prevention group and control group, respectively (P < 0.01). The average grades of paronychia were 1.5 and 2.12 in the prevention group and control group, respectively (P < 0.01). The average numbers of involved digits were 2.25 (range: 1–5 digits) in the prevention group and 3.03 (range: 1–7) in the control group (P = 0.07).ConclusionsPreventively using topical betaxolol can significantly decrease the incidence, VAS score, and grading of EGFR‐TKI‐induced paronychia.
Biological activity of rice extract and the inhibition potential of rice extract, rice volatile compounds and their combination against α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase and tyrosinase
Authors: Sansenya Sompong , Payaka Apirak , Wannasut Wachirawit , Hua Yanling , Chumanee Saowapa 
Published: September 2020

SummaryRice is produced for consumption and traditional medicine. Rice is also used as an ingredient in cosmetic products. In this study, the author investigated the biological activity and inhibition potential against α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase and tyrosinase activity of rice extract (black rice [BR], red rice [RR] and white rice [WR]), rice volatile compounds, rice extract combined with volatile compounds, rice extract combined with standard inhibitors and volatile compounds combined with standard inhibitors. The results revealed that the free‐radical scavenging capacity of rice extract is related to the phenolic content and flavonoids. BR showed the highest potential to inhibit α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase activity, whereas WR showed the highest potential to inhibit tyrosinase activity. Among rice volatile compounds, vanillin and vanillyl alcohol had the highest inhibition potential against α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase, respectively, whereas guaiacol had the highest inhibitory activity against tyrosinase. Molecular docking supported by the high binding efficiency was also obtained from vanillin and guaiacol when located at the active site of these enzymes. The combination of RR with acarbose (AB) had the highest inhibition potential and showed a synergic effect on both α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase. Interestingly, the combination of rice extract (BR, RR and WR) and vanillin and vanillyl alcohol had a synergic effect on α‐amylase. Moreover, the combination of WR and vanillyl alcohol had the highest inhibition potential and showed a synergic effect on tyrosinase, whereas rice volatile compounds had a synergic effect on tyrosinase obtained from 2‐pentylfuran/kojic acid (KA), vanillin/KA and vanillyl alcohol/KA.
Delivering inflammatory bowel disease care across distance
Authors: Lim Ming Han , McMahon Anna , Radford‐Smith Graham 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients living in regional or remote Queensland are often disadvantaged by limited access to IBD specialist care. Telehealth clinics could potentially address this disparity and improve patient outcomes.AimWe report the impact of the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (RBWH) IBD telehealth clinics from March 2011 to December 2017, including patient satisfaction and healthcare activity.MethodsPatient satisfaction surveys were collected prospectively between March 2011 and March 2012. Healthcare activity was assessed through occasions of service (OOS), number of enrolled patients on biologics and IBD related admissions to RBWH.ResultsOverall, 3764 OOS were completed including 576 new patient and 3188 follow‐up visits. Mean age at first telehealth visit was 44 years (range: 16–87 years). The IBD telehealth clinics were well accepted with 99% of the first 153 patients surveyed choosing to continue with telehealth and 94% rated the telehealth experience as very good or excellent. The net number of patients under active review increased from 125 patients in 2011 to 345 patients in 2017. Enrolled patients on biologics also increased from 9 patients in 2011 to 63 patients in 2017. There was an initial dip in annual IBD related admissions to RBWH in 2011 but these have progressively increased over time although the average length of inpatient stay annually has remained stable.ConclusionThe RBWH IBD telehealth clinics have shown that telemedicine is well received and can be used successfully to deliver IBD specialist care to patients living in regional or remote areas.
Hepatitis B in the Northern Territory: insights into the changing epidemiology of an ancient condition
Authors: Qama Ashleigh , Allard Nicole , Cowie Benjamin , Davis Joshua S. , Davies Jane 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are disproportionately affected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A proposed mismatch between standard vaccines and the HBV/C4 sub‐genotype prevalent in Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory (NT) may reduce vaccine effectiveness.AimsTo determine HBV prevalence in the NT by Indigenous status and to explore patterns of immunity following implementation of universal vaccination, using a large longitudinal diagnostic dataset.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all available HBV serology results in the NT from 1991 to 2011 was conducted, with HBV prevalence and vaccination status analysed according to adigenous status, age and sex using individuals' patterns of HBsAg, anti‐HBs and anti‐HBc serology over repeated tests.Results100 790 individuals were tested (33.4% Indigenous) between 1991 and 2011 (26.1% of the 2011 NT population), with a total of 211 802 tests performed. In 2011, the proportion of HBV positive individuals in the NT was 3.17% (5.22% in Indigenous populations) compared to previous 2011 estimates of 1.70% (3.70% in Indigenous populations). The vaccine failure rate was lower than expected with only one presumed vaccinated person subsequently developing HBsAg positivity (0.02%). Evidence of suboptimal vaccine efficacy by breakthrough anti‐HBc positivity in vaccinated individuals was demonstrated in 3.1% of the vaccinated cohort, of which 86.4% identified as Indigenous (HR 1.17). No difference in HBeAg positivity or seroconversion was observed between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous individuals living with CHB.ConclusionsThe burden of CHB in Indigenous people in the NT has previously been underestimated. A higher HBV prevalence in the NT than described in previous cross‐sectional studies was found, including a higher prevalence in Indigenous people. Evidence of suboptimal vaccine efficacy was demonstrated predominantly in Indigenous individuals.
Development and evaluation of a digital education tool for medical students in wound care
Authors: Schlupeck Mischa , Stubner Birgit , Erfurt‐Berge Cornelia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop and evaluate an interactive, video‐enhanced, and case‐based online course for medical students. We chose a case about wound care since this topic is still underrepresented in the medical curriculum. First, instructional videos were created to teach practical skills in wound care. These were implemented into a case‐based online course, using the online learning platform ILIAS. In a comparative initial and final survey, numbers of users were assessed, content and structure of the course, as well as the thematic interest of the students and self‐assessed gain of competence, were evaluated. Since the summer of 2019, 310 students have successfully completed the course. The survey data showed a high participation rate and a positive response regarding the content as well as the structural concept. Most of the students rated the content within the course as useful for their future medical work (86.1%) and the gain of knowledge superior to a traditional lecture (69.4%). Self‐assessments of video‐mediated skills showed a significant increase in subjectively perceived competence. The online course is an efficient way to reach many students by the small use of resources. It resembles an option to arouse growing interest in wound care in medical students.
Magnetic properties of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 under the pressure and the transport property under the magnetic field
Authors: Zhang Xian , Han YuYan , Kan Xucai , Wang Min , Rao Rui , Zheng Ganhong , Ma Yongqing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolycrystalline La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 sample (LSMO) was synthesized by the solid phase reaction; it exhibits the paramagnetic‐ferromagnetic transition at Tc = 362 K at the ambient pressure; it is paramagnetic metallic state above Tc and the ferromagnetic metallic state below Tc. It was observed that the pressure effect depends on the temperature range: (a) In the paramagnetic region, the magnetization M hardly changes with the pressure P, that is, ΔM≈0. There exist the antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupled ferromagnetic clusters in the paramagnetic region, and the pressure enhances the AFM coupling. (b) In the temperature range around Tc, the pressure increases M, that is, ΔM > 0, with the concomitant increase in Tc; the average pressure coefficient dTc/dP is 5.40 K/GPa at P = .74 GPa, much smaller than 15.47 and 15.90 K/GPa for La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.9Ca0.1MnO3, respectively, due to the different distortion degree of MnO6 octahedra in Ca and Sr doped manganites. (c) In the temperature region below Tc, the pressure reduces M, that is, ΔM < 0. M is determined by the competition between the Mn3+‐O‐Mn4+ double exchange and the interparticle dipolar interaction. The pressure enhances the interparticle dipolar interaction, leading to a significant decrease in magnetization. The resistivity of LSMO exhibits the metallic behavior in the temperature range of 5 K~370 K; it decreases as the applied magnetic field H increases from 0 to 7 T, that is, the magnetoresistance effect which is more significant around Tc. The fitting to the low‐temperature resistivity shows that the applied magnetic field reduces the scattering from the grain boundary, electron, phonon, and magnon, especially reduces the electron‐electron scattering.
Functional status mediates the association of nutritional status with depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure
Authors: Zhang Xiuting , Zou Huijing , Hou Danhua , He Dengxin , Fan Xiuzhen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsThe decline of nutritional status and depressive symptoms are pandemic in heart failure patients and functional status may play a pivotal role between these. This study aimed to determine whether nutritional status is associated with depressive symptoms and whether functional status mediates this relationship in heart failure patients.DesignThis was a secondary analysis of a cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe data were collected from November 2015–April 2016. Heart failure patients (N = 254) being hospitalized were included in this secondary analysis. The Depression Sub‐Scale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Duke Activity Status Index were used to assess patients' depressive symptoms and functional status. The nutritional status of patients was calculated using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index.ResultsIn this study, the average scores of depressive symptoms, nutritional status and functional status were 4.91 (SD 3.12), 102.38 (SD 6.57) and 20.58 (SD 8.96) respectively. Out of the 254 patients, 46 patients (18.1%) had significant depressive symptoms (the score of Depression Sub‐Scale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ≥ 8) and 55 (21.7%) suffered from malnutrition (the score of Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index ≤ 98). In the multiple regression analyses, nutritional status was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (β = −0.142, p = .02) and functional status mediated the relationship between nutritional status and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsMany patients with heart failure have malnutrition and depressive symptoms. Functional status plays a mediating role in the relationship between nutritional status and depressive symptoms.ImpactTo relieve depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure, it is of importance to improve the functional status, especially for those with poor nutritional status.