bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoengineered Organic Electrodes for Highly Durable and Ultrafast Cycling of Organic Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Thangavel Ranjith , Moorthy Megala , Ganesan Bala Krishnan , Lee Wontae , Yoon Won‐Sub , Lee Yun‐Sung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have become increasingly important as next‐generation energy storage systems for application in large‐scale energy storage. It is very crucial to develop an eco‐friendly and green SIB technique with superior performance for sustainable future use. Replacing the conventional inorganic electrode materials with green and safe organic electrodes will be a promising approach. However, the poor electrochemical kinetics, unstable electrode–electrolyte interface, high solubility of the electrodes in the electrolyte, and large amount of conductive carbon present great challenges for organic SIBs. In this study, the issues of organic electrodes are addressed through atomic‐level manipulation of these organic molecules using a series of ultrathin (Å‐level) metal oxide coatings (Al2O3, ZnO, and TiO2). Uniform and precise coatings on the perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylicacid dianhydride by gas‐phase atomic layer deposition technique shows a stable interphase, enhanced electrochemical kinetics (71C, 10 A g−1), and excellent stability (89%–500 cycles) compared to conventional organic electrode (70%–200 cycles). Further studies reveal that the chemical stability of the metal oxide coating layer plays a critical role in influencing the redox behavior, and improving kinetics of organic electrodes. This study opens a new avenue for developing high‐energy organic SIBs with performance equivalent to inorganic counterparts.
Weyl doubling
Authors: Alawadhi Rashid , Berman David S. , Spence Bill 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We study a host of spacetimes where the Weyl curvature may be expressed algebraically in terms of an Abelian field strength. These include Type D spacetimes in four and higher dimensions which obey a simple quadratic relation between the field strength and the Weyl tensor, following the Weyl spinor double copy relation. However, we diverge from the usual double copy paradigm by taking the gauge fields to be in the curved spacetime as opposed to an auxiliary flat space.We show how for Gibbons-Hawking spacetimes with more than two centres a generalisation of the Weyl doubling formula is needed by including a derivative-dependent expression which is linear in the Abelian field strength. We also find a type of twisted doubling formula in a case of a manifold with Spin(7) holonomy in eight dimensions.For Einstein Maxwell theories where there is an independent gauge field defined on spacetime, we investigate how the gauge fields determine the Weyl spacetime curvature via a doubling formula. We first show that this occurs for the Reissner-Nordström metric in any dimension, and that this generalises to the electrically-charged Born-Infeld solutions. Finally, we consider brane systems in supergravity, showing that a similar doubling formula applies. This Weyl formula is based on the field strength of the p-form potential that minimally couples to the brane and the brane world volume Killing vectors.
Meromorphic continuation of Koba-Nielsen string amplitudes
Authors: Bocardo-Gaspar M. , Veys Willem , Zúñiga-Galindo W. A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this article, we establish in a rigorous mathematical way that Koba-Nielsen amplitudes defined on any local field of characteristic zero are bona fide integrals that admit meromorphic continuations in the kinematic parameters. Our approach allows us to study in a uniform way open and closed Koba-Nielsen amplitudes over arbitrary local fields of characteristic zero. In the regularization process we use techniques of local zeta functions and embedded resolution of singularities. As an application we present the regularization of p-adic open string amplitudes with Chan-Paton factors and constant B-field. Finally, all the local zeta functions studied here are partition functions of certain 1D log-Coulomb gases, which shows an interesting connection between Koba-Nielsen amplitudes and statistical mechanics.
Special geometry and the swampland
Authors: Cecotti Sergio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the context of 4d effective gravity theories with 8 supersymmetries, we propose to unify, strenghten, and refine the several swampland conjectures into a single statement: the structural criterion, modelled on the structure theorem in Hodge theory. In its most abstract form the new swampland criterion applies to all 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 effective theories (having a quantum-consistent UV completion) whether supersymmetry is local or rigid: indeed it may be regarded as the more general version of Seiberg-Witten geometry which holds both in the rigid and local cases.As a first application of the new swampland criterion we show that a quantum-consistent $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supergravity with a cubic pre-potential is necessarily a truncation of a higher-$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
sugra. More precisely: its moduli space is a Shimura variety of ‘magic’ type. In all other cases a quantum-consistent special Kähler geometry is either an arithmetic quotient of the complex hyperbolic space SU(1, m)/U(m) or has no local Killing vector.Applied to Calabi-Yau 3-folds this result implies (assuming mirror symmetry) the validity of the Oguiso-Sakurai conjecture in Algebraic Geometry: all Calabi-Yau 3-folds X without rational curves have Picard number ρ = 2, 3; in facts they are finite quotients of Abelian varieties. More generally: the Kähler moduli of X do not receive quantum corrections if and only if X has infinite fundamental group. In all other cases the Kähler moduli have instanton corrections in (essentially) all possible degrees.
Diagnose und endoskopisches Management kolorektaler Polypen
Authors: Profanter Christoph , Ninkovic Marijana 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDie aktuelle Diagnostik von Kolonpolypen wird mithilfe virtueller Chromoendoskopie durchgeführt und anhand der NICE- bzw. JNET-Klassifikation beschrieben. Das anschließende Management umfasst eine Vielzahl von Techniken. Die am häufigsten eingesetzte endoskopische Technik ist die Schlingenpolypektomie. Dabei werden gemäß den Guidelines i. d. R. Polypen bis etwa 10 mm mit einer „cold snare“ abgetragen, bei größeren Polypen kommt normalerweise eine „hot snare“ zum Einsatz. Ziel jeder endoskopischen Therapie ist grundsätzlich die komplette Entfernung aller detektierten Polypen. Die Nachsorgealgorithmen nach Polypektomie sind sowohl von der histologischen Diagnose sowie Polypenanzahl und -größe als auch vom Risikoprofil der Patienten abhängig. Ebenso zu beachten sind die Limitationen endoskopischer Abtragungstechniken. Erfüllt z. B. ein Polyp nicht die Kriterien einer sicheren endoskopischen Abtragung in sano, ist eine chirurgische Therapie zu erwägen.
A Non-degenerate Scattering Theory for the Wave Equation on Extremal Reissner–Nordström
Authors: Angelopoulos Yannis , Aretakis Stefanos , Gajic Dejan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is known that sub-extremal black hole backgrounds do not admit a (bijective) non-degenerate scattering theory in the exterior region due to the fact that the redshift effect at the event horizon acts as an unstable blueshift mechanism in the backwards direction in time. In the extremal case, however, the redshift effect degenerates and hence yields a much milder blueshift effect when viewed in the backwards direction. In this paper, we construct a definitive (bijective) non-degenerate scattering theory for the wave equation on extremal Reissner–Nordström backgrounds. We make use of physical-space energy norms which are non-degenerate both at the event horizon and at null infinity. As an application of our theory we present a construction of a large class of smooth, exponentially decaying modes. We also derive scattering results in the black hole interior region.
Asymptotic Behaviour of Christoffel–Darboux Kernel Via Three-Term Recurrence Relation I
Authors: Świderski Grzegorz , Trojan Bartosz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor Jacobi parameters belonging to one of three classes: asymptotically periodic, periodically modulated, and the blend of these two, we study the asymptotic behavior of the Christoffel functions and the scaling limits of the Christoffel–Darboux kernel. We assume regularity of Jacobi parameters in terms of the Stolz class. We emphasize that the first class only gives rise to measures with compact supports.
Comparison of hyperspectral imaging and fluorescence angiography for the determination of the transection margin in colorectal resections—a comparative study
Authors: Jansen-Winkeln Boris , Germann Isabell , Köhler Hannes , Mehdorn Matthias , Maktabi Marianne , Sucher Robert , Barberio Manuel , Chalopin Claire , Diana Michele , Moulla Yusef , Gockel Ines 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
One relevant aspect for anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery is blood perfusion of both ends of the anastomosis. The clinical evaluation of this issue is limited, but new methods like fluorescence angiography with indocyanine green or non-invasive and contactless hyperspectral imaging have evolved as objective parameters for perfusion evaluation.

Methods
In this prospective, non-randomized, open-label and two-arm study, fluorescence angiography and hyperspectral imaging were compared in 32 consecutive patients with each other and with the clinical assessment by the surgeon. After preparation of the bowel and determination of the surgical resection line, the tissue was evaluated with hyperspectral imaging for 5 min before and after cutting the marginal artery and assessed by 6 hyperspectral pictures followed by fluorescence angiography with indocyanine green.

Results
In 30 of 32 patients, the image data could be evaluated and compared. Both methods provided a comparable borderline between well-perfused and poorly perfused tissue (p = 0.704). In 15 cases, the surgical resection line was shifted to the central position due to the imaging. The border zone was sharper in fluorescence angiography and best assessed 31 s after injection. With hyperspectral imaging, the border zone was visualized wider and with more differences between proximal and distal border.

Conclusion
Hyperspectral imaging and fluorescence angiography provide similar results in determining the perfusion border. Both methods allow a good and safe visualization of the blood perfusion at the central resection margin to create a well-perfused anastomosis.

Trial registration
This study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04226781) on January 13, 2020.
NaCl pellets for prospective dosimetry using optically stimulated luminescence: Signal integrity and long-term versus short-term exposure
Authors: Waldner Lovisa , Rääf Christopher , Bernhardsson Christian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOptically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signal properties of pellets from three types of NaCl (two household salts and one analytical grade salt) were investigated for their use in prospective dosimetry. Special attention was given to the OSL signal behaviour with time. The readout protocol was optimised in terms of preheat temperature, and the OSL signal yield of the NaCl pellet with time as well as the fading of the OSL signal with time was investigated. The effects of acute and chronic irradiations were compared. Irradiations and readout were performed using a Risø TL/OSL reader (TL/OSL-DA-15, DTU Nutech, Denmark). The optimal preheat temperature was determined to be 100 ºC, yielding OSL signals similar to a 1 h pause before OSL signal readout. There was no OSL signal fading observed as a function of time, but a decrease in the OSL signal yield of the NaCl pellets with time resulted in an apparent inverse fading when converting the OSL signal to an absorbed dose. For chronic radiation exposures of up to five weeks, the sensitivity of the NaCl pellets was found to be stable. The results of this study show that the use of NaCl pellets for prospective dosimetry is a promising, cost-effective, and accessible complement to commercially available alternatives for accurate absorbed dose determinations.
Colorectal cancer under 20 years old: a retrospective analysis from three tertiary hospitals
Authors: Zhou Chengjing , Xiao Weiwei , Wang Xiaohao , Chen Haiyang , Niu Shaoqing , Wang Qiaoxuan , Chang Hui , Wu Xiaojun , Ding Peirong , Pan Zhizhong , Wan Xiangbo , Bao Yong , Gao Yuanhong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Colorectal cancer (CRC) rarely occurs in children and adolescents. This study aimed to perform a retrospective analysis and disclose more detailed information about CRC in patients under 20 years old.

Methods
Medical records of CRCs in patients under 20 years old referred to three tertiary hospitals in China from September 2000 to July 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathological characteristics, treatment processes and laboratory findings were summarized and treatment outcomes and prognostic factors were analyzed.

Results
A total of 33,394 CRC medical records were analyzed, and we identified seventy (0.21%) CRCs in patients under 20. The most common primary tumor location was the left hemicolon (35.7%). The prominent pathological types were mucinous adenocarcinoma (22.9%) and signet ring cell carcinoma (22.9%). Nearly half (47.1%) of the patients presented with distant metastasis at diagnosis. The fractions of patients with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) protein expression and microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) were 23.8% (5/21) and 71.4% (5/7), respectively. Forty-four patients underwent radical surgery. Fifty-five patients received chemotherapy and six patients received radiotherapy. One dMMR/MSI-H rectal cancer patient received immunotherapy and achieved a clinically complete response. The median overall survival (OS) time was 80 months. The 3-year and 5-year OS rates were 61.8% and 57.2%, respectively. An absence of distant metastasis was a favorable factor for OS. For stage II/III CRCs, classic adenocarcinoma and radical surgery were favorable factors for OS. For stage IV CRCs, primary location at the colon was a favorable factor for OS.

Conclusion
Child and adolescent CRC patients are likely to have distant metastasis, undifferentiated, left hemicolon location, and a dMMR/MSI-H phenotype at diagnosis. Additional efforts are needed to improve their survival outcomes.
Transcranial random noise stimulation over the primary motor cortex in PD-MCI patients: a crossover, randomized, sham-controlled study
Authors: Monastero Roberto , Baschi Roberta , Nicoletti Alessandra , Pilati Laura , Pagano Lorenzo , Cicero Calogero Edoardo , Zappia Mario , Brighina Filippo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a very common non-motor feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the non-amnestic single-domain is the most frequent subtype. Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) is a non-invasive technique, which is capable of enhancing cortical excitability. As the main contributor to voluntary movement control, the primary motor cortex (M1) has been recently reported to be involved in higher cognitive functioning. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of tRNS applied over M1 in PD-MCI patients in cognitive and motor tasks. Ten PD-MCI patients, diagnosed according to the Movement Disorder Society, Level II criteria for MCI, underwent active (real) and placebo (sham) tRNS single sessions, at least 1 week apart. Patients underwent cognitive (Digit Span Forward and Backward, Digit Symbol, Visual Search, Letter Fluency, Stroop Test) and motor assessments (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale [UPDRS-ME], specific timed trials for bradykinesia, 10-m walk and Timed up and go tests) before and after each session. A significant improvement in motor ability (UPDRS-ME and lateralized scores, ps from 0.049 to 0.003) was observed after real versus sham tRNS. On the contrary, no significant differences were found in other motor tasks and cognitive assessment both after real and sham stimulations. These results confirm that tRNS is a safe and effective tool for improving motor functioning in PD-MCI. Future studies using a multisession tRNS applied over multitargeted brain areas (i.e., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and M1) are required to clarify the role of tRNS regarding rehabilitative intervention in PD.
Parareal with a learned coarse model for robotic manipulation
Authors: Agboh Wisdom , Grainger Oliver , Ruprecht Daniel , Dogar Mehmet 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA key component of many robotics model-based planning and control algorithms is physics predictions, that is, forecasting a sequence of states given an initial state and a sequence of controls. This process is slow and a major computational bottleneck for robotics planning algorithms. Parallel-in-time integration methods can help to leverage parallel computing to accelerate physics predictions and thus planning. The Parareal algorithm iterates between a coarse serial integrator and a fine parallel integrator. A key challenge is to devise a coarse model that is computationally cheap but accurate enough for Parareal to converge quickly. Here, we investigate the use of a deep neural network physics model as a coarse model for Parareal in the context of robotic manipulation. In simulated experiments using the physics engine Mujoco as fine propagator we show that the learned coarse model leads to faster Parareal convergence than a coarse physics-based model. We further show that the learned coarse model allows to apply Parareal to scenarios with multiple objects, where the physics-based coarse model is not applicable. Finally, we conduct experiments on a real robot and show that Parareal predictions are close to real-world physics predictions for robotic pushing of multiple objects. Code (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3779085) and videos (https://youtu.be/wCh2o1rf-gA) are publicly available.
Medicines for headache before and during pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study (ATENA study)
Authors: Lupi Chiara , Negro Andrea , Gambassi Elisabetta , Susini Tommaso , Geppetti Pierangelo , Benemei Silvia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate headache treatment before and during pregnancy.BackgroundMost headaches in pregnancy are primary disorders. Headaches are likely to ameliorate during pregnancy, although they may also begin or worsen. Most headache medications should be avoided during pregnancy because of potential fetal risks. However, only scarce evidence on headache drug consumption during pregnancy is available.DesignATENA was a retrospective, self-administered questionnaire-based, cohort study on women in either pregnancy or who have just delivered and reporting headache before and/or during pregnancy.ResultsOut of 271 women in either pregnancy or who have just delivered, 100 (37%) reported headache before and/or during pregnancy and constituted our study sample. Before pregnancy, the attitude toward the use of symptomatic drugs was characterized by both a strong focus on their safety and the willingness to avoid possible dependence from them. Compared to the year before, pregnancy led to changes in behavior and therapeutic habits as shown by a higher proportion of patients looking for information about drugs (44/100 [44%] vs. 36/100 [36%]) and a lower proportion of those treating headache attacks (88/100 [88%] vs. 52/100 [52%]) and by a lower use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (68/100 [68%] vs. 5/100 [5%]) and a much higher use of paracetamol (33/100 [33%] vs. 95/100 [95%]).ConclusionsPregnancy changes how women self-treat their headache, and leads to search for information regarding drug safety, mostly due to the perception of fetal risk of drugs. Healthcare providers have to be ready to face particular needs of pregnant women with headache.
Discrete element analysis of dry granular flow impact on slit dams
Authors: Gong Sixia , Zhao Tao , Zhao Jidong , Dai Feng , Zhou Gordon G. D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSlit dam is an open-check barrier structure widely used in mountainous regions to resist the destructive impacts of granular flows. To examine the dynamics of granular flow impact on slit dams, a numerical study by discrete element method (DEM) is presented in this article. The study considers dry granular materials flowing down a flume channel and interacts with slit dams installed at the lower section of the flume. The particle shape is explicitly considered by particle clumps of various aspect ratios. The slit dams are modeled as rigid and smooth rectangular prisms uniformly spaced at in the flume. Four key stages of granular flow impact on the slit dams have been identified, namely, the frontal impact, run up, pile up, and static deposition stages. In the impact process, the kinetic energy of the granular flow is dissipated primarily by interparticle friction and damping. The trapping efficiency of the slit dams decreases exponentially with the relative post spacing, while it increases with the particle clump aspect ratio. The numerical results can provide new insights into the optimization of relative post spacing for slit dam design.
Agronomic iodine biofortification of leafy vegetables grown in Vertisols, Oxisols and Alfisols
Authors: Ligowe Ivy Sichinga , Bailey E. H. , Young S. D. , Ander E. L. , Kabambe V. , Chilimba A. D. , Lark R. M. , Nalivata P. C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in sub-Saharan African countries are related to low dietary I intake and generally combatted through salt iodisation. Agronomic biofortification of food crops may be an alternative approach. This study assessed the effectiveness of I biofortification of green vegetables (Brassica napus L and Amaranthus retroflexus L.) grown in tropical soils with contrasting chemistry and fertility. Application rates of 0, 5 and 10 kg ha−1I applied to foliage or soil were assessed. Leaves were harvested fortnightly for ~ 2 months after I application before a second crop was grown to assess the availability of residual soil I. A separate experiment was used to investigate storage of I within the plants. Iodine concentration and uptake in sequential harvests showed a sharp drop within 28 days of I application in all soil types for all I application levels and methods. This rapid decline likely reflects I fixation in the soil. Iodine biofortification increased I uptake and concentration in the vegetables to a level useful for increasing dietary I intake and could be a feasible way to reduce IDD in tropical regions. However, biofortification of green vegetables which are subject to multiple harvests requires repeated I applications.
Towards the room-temperature synthesis of covalent organic frameworks: a mini-review
Authors: Bagheri Ahmad Reza , Aramesh Nahal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous and crystalline materials which are formed based on the covalent interactions between the building monomers. These materials possess fascinating properties in terms of predesignable structure, controllable morphology, and manageable functionality which distinguished them from other polymers. COFs have also high chemical and physical stability, high surface area, and high adsorption capacity that these attributes make them excellent candidates for use in different fields. However, there are several approaches for the synthesis of COFs among which room-temperature synthesis approach is a green, versatile, and popular method which is due to its exceptional properties including simplicity, easy operation, and cost-effectiveness. In this regard, this review article presents a comprehensive view of the synthesis of COFs at room temperature as well as their applications, their limitations, and also their future perspectives.