bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early lexical development of children raised in institutional care in Russia
Authors: Zhukova Marina A. , Kornilov Sergey A. , Tseitlin Stella N. , Eliseeva Marina B. , Vershinina Elena A. , Muhamedrahimov Rifkat J. , Grigorenko Elena L. 
Published: December 2019

Children abandoned to institutions display a host of developmental delays, including those involving general cognition and language. The majority of published studies focus on children over 3 years of age; little is known about whether these delays may be detected earlier when children undergo rapid lexical development. To investigate the early language development of children raised in institutional settings in the Russian Federation, we compared a group of children in institutional care (n = 36; 8–35 months) to their age‐matched peers raised in biological families, who have never been institutionalized (n = 72) using the Russian version of the CDI. The results suggest that institutionalization is associated with pronounced delays in children's early language development with large and robust effect sizes. Among children with a history of institutionalization, these delays are also associated with difficulties in Daily Living skills, communication, and socialization.
Broad‐Based Employee Ownership and Labour Productivity During the 2008 Recession: Evidence from Public Firms in Europe
Authors: Kim Kyoung Yong , Patel Pankaj C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDid publicly traded European firms with employee ownership (EO) realize higher firm performance during or after the Great Recession? Contributing to the growing interest in exploring the association between EO and firm performance during and after the 2008 economic crisis, we draw on a longitudinal sample of 4,259 firm‐years representing 892 publicly traded firms from 28 European countries. The results show that compared to firms without EO, those with EO experienced higher firm performance during or after the recession, albeit with small effect size. Consistent with past findings, we found that firms with EO were less likely to lower their employee count during or after the recession. Findings are robust to controlling for contemporaneous endogeneity and alternate specifications. Our results indicate that publicly traded European firms with EO, on average, realized higher firm performance in the face of the Great Recession.
Predicting indirect effects of transportation network expansion on Asian elephants: Implications for environmental impact assessments
Authors: Huang Cheng , Li Xueyou , Hu Wenqiang , Jiang Xuelong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe rapid proliferation of transportation networks (TNs) threatens the viability of species with wide geographic ranges via habitat fragmentation, road kill, and indirect socio‐ecological interactions. Environmental impact assessments of TNs are mostly descriptive and focus on the direct impacts of the linear features of TNs, while the indirect and cumulative impacts are largely neglected. Using spatially explicit data of elephant‐caused damage from 2012 to 2015 in southwest China, we quantified the barrier effects of TNs on Asian elephant populations and predicted future patterns of damage under a TN expansion scenario using maximum entropy algorithms. The TNs acted as a strong barrier for the elephants, even in herds that have inhabited highly fragmented landscapes for years. Overall damage patterns were highly asymmetric around roads, with only 18% of events occurring on the far side of roads (relative to the core home range). Models predicted that TN expansion would reduce elephant habitats, exacerbating herd isolation and human–elephant conflict locally. Thus, we suggest that future environmental impact assessments should integrate mitigation of indirect conflicts.Abstract in Chinese is available with online material.
Implementing participation‐focused services: A study to develop the Method for using Audit and Feedback in Participation Implementation (MAPi)
Authors: Kolehmainen Niina , Marshall Joanne , Hislop Jenni , Fayed Nora , Kay Diane , Ternent Laura , Pennington Lindsay 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt is widely agreed that children's services should use participation‐focused practice, but that implementation is challenging. This paper describes a method for using audit and feedback, an evidence‐based knowledge translation strategy, to support implementation of participation‐focused practice in front‐line services, to identify barriers to implementation, and to enable international benchmarking of implementation and barriers.MethodBest‐practice guidelines for using audit and feedback were followed. For audit, participation‐focused practice was specified as clinicians' three observable behaviours: (a) targets participation outcomes; (b) involves child/parent in setting participation outcomes; and (c) measures progress towards participation outcomes. For barrier identification, the Theoretical Domains Framework Questionnaire (TDFQ) of known implementation barriers was used. A cycle of audit and barrier identification was piloted in three services (n = 25 clinicians) in a large U.K. healthcare trust. From each clinician, up to five randomly sampled case note sets were audited (total n = 122), and the clinicians were invited to complete the TDFQ. For feedback, data on the behaviours and barriers were shared visually and verbally with managers and clinicians to inform action planning.ResultsA Method for using Audit and feedback for Participation implementation (MAPi) was developed. The MAPi audit template captured clinicians' practices: Clinicians targeted participation in 37/122 (30.3%) of the sampled cases; involved child/parent in 16/122 (13.1%); and measured progress in 24/122 (19.7%). Barriers identified from the TDFQ and fed back to managers and clinicians included clinicians’ skills in participation‐focused behaviours (median = 3.00–5.00, interquartile range [IQR] = 2.25‐6.00), social processes (median = 4.00, IQR = 3.00–5.00), and behavioural regulation (median = 4.00–5.00, IQR = 3.00–6.00).ConclusionsMAPi provides a practical, off‐the‐shelf method for front‐line services to investigate and support their implementation of participation‐focused practice. Furthermore, as a shared, consistent template, MAPi provides a method for generating cumulative and comparable, across‐services evidence about levels and trends of implementation and about enduring barriers to implementation, to inform future implementation strategies.
Deep learning‐based quantification of PET/CT prostate gland uptake: association with overall survival
Authors: Polymeri Eirini , Sadik May , Kaboteh Reza , Borrelli Pablo , Enqvist Olof , Ulén Johannes , Ohlsson Mattias , Trägårdh Elin , Poulsen Mads H. , Simonsen Jane A. , Hoilund‐Carlsen Poul Flemming , Johnsson Åse A. , Edenbrandt Lars 
Published: December 2019

SummaryAimTo validate a deep‐learning (DL) algorithm for automated quantification of prostate cancer on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and explore the potential of PET/CT measurements as prognostic biomarkers.Material and methodsTraining of the DL‐algorithm regarding prostate volume was performed on manually segmented CT images in 100 patients. Validation of the DL‐algorithm was carried out in 45 patients with biopsy‐proven hormone‐naïve prostate cancer. The automated measurements of prostate volume were compared with manual measurements made independently by two observers. PET/CT measurements of tumour burden based on volume and SUV of abnormal voxels were calculated automatically. Voxels in the co‐registered 18F‐choline PET images above a standardized uptake value (SUV) of 2·65, and corresponding to the prostate as defined by the automated segmentation in the CT images, were defined as abnormal. Validation of abnormal voxels was performed by manual segmentation of radiotracer uptake. Agreement between algorithm and observers regarding prostate volume was analysed by Sørensen‐Dice index (SDI). Associations between automatically based PET/CT biomarkers and age, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score as well as overall survival were evaluated by a univariate Cox regression model.ResultsThe SDI between the automated and the manual volume segmentations was 0·78 and 0·79, respectively. Automated PET/CT measures reflecting total lesion uptake and the relation between volume of abnormal voxels and total prostate volume were significantly associated with overall survival (P = 0·02), whereas age, PSA, and Gleason score were not.ConclusionAutomated PET/CT biomarkers showed good agreement to manual measurements and were significantly associated with overall survival.
Comparison of silicon and metallic bifurcated stents in patients with malignant airway lesions
Authors: Sökücü Sinem Nedime , Özdemir Cengiz , Tural Önür Seda , Dalar Levent , Altın Sedat 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroduction and objectiveSilicon and metallic are two types of stents in use. In this study, we compared complications and long‐term survival among patients who received silicon or fully covered, bifurcated self‐expandable metallic stents (SEMS) for a malignant tracheobronchial obstruction and/or tracheo/bronchial oesophageal fistulas.MethodsPatients in whom Y‐shaped stents were used from January 2013 to June 2017 in our interventional pulmonology unit were evaluated retrospectively from patient files.ResultsOf the 47 patients, 30 (23 males, 76.7%) were in the silicon stent group and 17 (14 males, 82.4%) were in the covered SEMS group. No differences between the groups were detected in ECOG status, pathological properties of the disease, radiotherapy or chemotherapy history before the procedure, symptoms at presentation, or comorbidities. The most common symptom was dyspnoea (96.7% and 100%), and the most common comorbidity was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (26.7% and 23.5%). A total of 20 complications (42.6%) were seen, with no significant difference between the groups (silicon, 40%; SEMS, 47.1%; P = . 62). Mean survival was 164.51 ± 38.83 days for the silicon stent group and 254.45 ± 103.32 days for the SEMS group (P = .588). No differences were observed in 30‐, 90‐ or 180‐day mortality between the two groups (P = .966, .846 and .534, respectively).ConclusionsNo significant differences in symptom palliation, insertion safety, complication rate or survival were detected between the two types of stent.
Fifty years of digestive endoscopy: Successes, setbacks, solutions and the future
Authors: Axon Anthony Thomas Roger 
Published: December 2019

Flexible endoscopes became generally available 50 years ago and created a revolution in the practice of gastroenterology. They improved diagnosis enormously, enabled quicker, less invasive, and more cost‐effective surgical treatment, while endoscopic screening has prevented many cancer deaths. The new technology stimulated research leading to a better understanding of gastrointestinal pathology, identifying new diseases and clarifying the etiology of others. Better‐controlled clinical trials accelerated the use of newer and more effective drugs. National and international endoscopy societies supported nursing input, encouraged research, stimulated specialist journals, and devised guidelines that encouraged audit and quality assurance. Advances in instrument design and the manufacture of new accessories enhanced endoscopic technique, diagnostic ability, patient comfort, and safety. The risk of cross‐infection inherent in the use of complex labile equipment that cannot be autoclaved remains a challenge. Endoscopy societies working closely with industry have established rigid protocols for high‐level disinfection that minimize the risks, but strict adherence to guidelines and continued vigilance is essential, especially with the increasing prevalence of antibiotic‐resistant commensals that can give rise to opportunistic infection. Government health departments have a responsibility to encourage and support research in this area by endoscopists, instrument manufacturers, and the pharmaceutical industry. Current trends suggest that in the future, artificial intelligence will greatly improve endoscopic diagnosis, and that therapeutic endoscopy will expand, encouraging endoscopists to subspecialize.
Neurocognitive and behavioural profile in Panayiotopoulos syndrome
Authors: Fonseca Wald Eric L A , Debeij‐Van Hall Mariette H J A , De Jong Eline , Aldenkamp Albert P , Vermeulen R Jeroen , Vles Johan S H , Klinkenberg Sylvia , Hendriksen Jos G M 
Published: December 2019

AimTo determine neurocognitive performance and behavioural problems in children with Panayiotopoulos syndrome.MethodAll 18 children (10 females, 8 males; mean age 4y 7mo; SD 1y 10mo) diagnosed with Panayiotopoulos syndrome at the Kempenhaeghe Epilepsy Center in the Netherlands between 2010 and 2017 were analysed retrospectively. All underwent a neuropsychological/behavioural assessment, an academic assessment, and a 24‐hour electroencephalogram.ResultsMean full‐scale IQ (93.5; range 76–123; p=0.04) and performance IQ (93.2; range 76–126; p=0.04) were within the normal range, although significantly lower compared to the normative mean. Verbal IQ (96.3; range 76–118) and processing speed (96.1; range 74–114) were not significantly lower. Simple auditory/visual reaction times, visual attention, visual‐motor integration, and verbal memory were significantly lower compared to normative values. On average, patients with Panayiotopoulos syndrome were 8 months behind in arithmetic speed and 11 months behind in reading speed for the number of months in school. Behavioural questionnaires revealed significantly higher scores on reported internalizing behavioural problems.InterpretationChildren with Panayiotopoulos syndrome demonstrated diffuse cognitive dysfunction in full‐scale IQ, performance IQ, visual attention, visual‐motor integration, and verbal memory. A high incidence of internalizing behavioural problems was reported. This strongly suggests neuropsychological and behavioural comorbidity in children with Panayiotopoulos syndrome.What this paper adds

Children with Panayiotopoulos syndrome are at risk for cognitive deficits in various cognitive domains.

Children with Panayiotopoulos syndrome are also prone to internalizing behavioural problems.

Mild‐to‐severe academic underachievement was present in more than half of the children with Panayiotopoulos syndrome.
Readmission after neurosurgical intervention in epilepsy: A nationwide cohort analysis
Authors: Kwon Churl‐Su , Agarwal Parul , Subramaniam Varsha , Dhamoon Mandip , Mazumdar Madhu , Yeshokumar Anusha , Panov Fedor , Ghatan Saadi , Jetté Nathalie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveHospital readmissions result in increased health care costs and are associated with worse outcomes after neurosurgical intervention. Understanding factors associated with readmissions will inform future studies aimed at improving quality of care in those with epilepsy.MethodsPatients of all ages with epilepsy who underwent a neurosurgical intervention were identified in the 2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database, a nationally representative dataset containing data from roughly 17 million US hospital discharges. Diagnosis of epilepsy was based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM)–based case definitions. Neurosurgical interventions for epilepsy: resective/disconnective surgery, responsive neurostimulation/deep brain stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, radiosurgery, and intracranial electroencephalography were identified using ICD‐9‐CM procedure codes. Primary outcome was all‐cause 30‐day readmission following discharge from the index hospitalization.ResultsThere were a total of 2284 index surgical admissions. Overall, 10.83% (n = 251) of patients following an index epilepsy surgery admission were readmitted within 30 days. Factors independently associated with 30‐day readmission for all epilepsy surgery admissions were: Medicare insurance (P < .01), discharge disposition that was not home (P < .01), higher Elixhauser comorbidity indexes (P < .01), longer length of stay (P < .01), and adverse events of surgical and medical care during index stay (P = .04). In the multivariate model, Medicare insurance (hazard ratio [HR] 1.81 [1.29‐2.53], P < .01) and length of stay (HR 1.02 [1.01‐1.04], P < .01) remained significant independent predictors for 30‐day readmission. The most common primary reason for readmissions was epilepsy/convulsions accounting for 22.85%.SignificanceOur results suggest that careful management of postoperative seizures and discharge planning after epilepsy surgery may be important to optimize outcomes and reduce the risk of readmission, particularly for patients on Medicare.
External validation and comparison of two prediction models for seizure recurrence after the withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs in adult patients
Authors: Lin Jiahe , Ding Siqi , Li Xueying , Hua Yingjie , Wang Xinshi , He Ruqian , Du Yanru , Xia Niange , Chen Yanyan , Zhu Zhenguo , Zheng Rongyuan , Xu Huiqin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe models currently available for predicting the risk of seizure recurrence after antiepileptic drug (AED) withdrawal in adult epilepsy patients include the prediction model developed by Lamberink et al (Lamberink model, 2017) and the Medical Research Council prediction model (MRC model, 1993). However, there was no external validation for the two models. The purpose of this study was to perform an independent external validation and a comparison of the Lamberink model and the MRC model in adult patients.MethodsThe study population was recruited from the Wenzhou Epilepsy Follow‐up Registry Database (WEFURD). All the predictors of the Lamberink and MRC models and the occurrence of seizure recurrence in the participants were collected based on the WEFURD. Participants' predicted probabilities of seizure recurrence were obtained by a Web‐based tool and the prognostic index formula. The external validation of the Lamberink model and the MRC model were quantified by discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsOf 212 patients, 126 (59.4%) had seizure recurrence after AED withdrawal. The Lamberink 2‐year model, the Lamberink 5‐year model, the MRC 1‐year model, and the MRC 2‐year model had areas under the curve of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64‐0.78), 0.68 (95% CI = 0.60‐0.76), 0.60 (95% CI = 0.50‐0.69), and 0.58 (95% CI = 0.50‐0.66), respectively. Additionally, the Lamberink 2‐year model had a significantly better integrated discrimination improvement than the MRC 2‐year model (P < .001). Regarding calibration, the Lamberink 2‐year model (P = .121) and the MRC 1‐year model (P = .264) were well calibrated, but the Lamberink 5‐year model (P = .022) and the MRC 2‐year model (P = .008) were not. In the DCA, the Lamberink 2‐year model performed well at threshold probabilities of 30%‐65%.SignificanceThis external validation shows that the Lamberink 2‐year model might be more accurate and has greater clinical benefit than others for guiding drug withdrawal in adult epilepsy clinics.
Temporal development of biodiversity of macrophytes in newly established lakes
Authors: Stage Sø Jonas , Sand‐Jensen Kaj , Baastrup‐Spohr Lars 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Every year, a vast number of wetlands are constructed to restore ecosystem function and biodiversity, thus counteracting massive historical losses by reclamation to farmland. However, our knowledge of the long‐term effects on biodiversity, particularly of large systems such as lakes, is very limited.

Our objective was to follow the development of macrophytes over 3–4 decades in 24 new, shallow, eutrophic lakes in order to test the hypotheses that: (1) species richness reaches a maximum after some years and then declines; and (2) species composition changes substantially from small early colonisers to taller, competitive later colonisers, which causes ongoing high β‐diversity.

A generalised linear mixed‐effect model showed that species richness was related to lake size, phosphorus concentration and spatial setting, which are known to influence natural lakes as well. Moreover, species composition and richness were affected by lake age. Species colonised rapidly and richness peaked at an intermediate age and then declined.

Temporal species turnover within lakes was high in three lake age groups of ≤10, 11–20 or >20 years since establishment, although lowest after 11–20 years. Species replacement tended to contribute most to β‐diversity in the youngest lakes, whereas richness fluctuated in older lakes and appeared to contribute most to temporal turnover there.

Early colonisers in ≤10‐year‐old lakes were commonly replaced by tall canopy‐forming species in 11–20‐year‐old lakes, probably as a result of increasing competition for light and space over time. After 20 years, rootless Ceratophyllum submersum as well as species with floating and emergent leaves became dominant, potentially due to the gradual accumulation of more organic sediment difficult to root and grow in, along with gradually reduced light penetration in the water.

Establishing new lakes for biodiversity remains a challenge because of the falling richness and continuous species turnover with lake age, but our results suggest that constructing large, nutrient‐poor lakes in species‐rich landscapes ensures the best prerequisites for obtaining diverse communities.