bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary care risk stratification in COPD using routinely collected data: a secondary data analysis
Authors: Johnson Matthew , Rigge Lucy , Culliford David , Josephs Lynn , Thomas Mike , Wilkinson Tom 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMost clinical contacts with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients take place in primary care, presenting opportunity for proactive clinical management. Electronic health records could be used to risk stratify diagnosed patients in this setting, but may be limited by poor data quality or completeness. We developed a risk stratification database algorithm using the DOSE index (Dyspnoea, Obstruction, Smoking and Exacerbation) with routinely collected primary care data, aiming to calculate up to three repeated risk scores per patient over five years, each separated by at least one year. Among 10,393 patients with diagnosed COPD, sufficient primary care data were present to calculate at least one risk score for 77.4%, and the maximum of three risk scores for 50.6%. Linked secondary care data revealed primary care under-recording of hospital exacerbations, which translated to a slight, non-significant cohort average risk score reduction, and an understated risk group allocation for less than 1% of patients. Algorithmic calculation of the DOSE index is possible using primary care data, and appears robust to the absence of linked secondary care data, if unavailable. The DOSE index appears a simple and practical means of incorporating risk stratification into the routine primary care of COPD patients, but further research is needed to evaluate its clinical utility in this setting. Although secondary analysis of routinely collected primary care data could benefit clinicians, patients and the health system, standardised data collection and improved data quality and completeness are also needed.
Electrical charge state identification and control for the silicon vacancy in 4H-SiC
Authors: Bathen M. E. , Galeckas A. , Müting J. , Ayedh H. M. , Grossner U. , Coutinho J. , Frodason Y. K. , Vines L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReliable single-photon emission is crucial for realizing efficient spin-photon entanglement and scalable quantum information systems. The silicon vacancy ($${V}_{{\rm{Si}}}$$VSi) in 4H-SiC is a promising single-photon emitter exhibiting millisecond spin coherence times, but suffers from low photon counts, and only one charge state retains the desired spin and optical properties. Here, we demonstrate that emission from $${V}_{{\rm{Si}}}$$VSi defect ensembles can be enhanced by an order of magnitude via fabrication of Schottky barrier diodes, and sequentially modulated by almost $$50 \%$$50% via application of external bias. Furthermore, we identify charge state transitions of $${V}_{{\rm{Si}}}$$VSi by correlating optical and electrical measurements, and realize selective population of the bright state. Finally, we reveal a pronounced Stark shift of 55 GHz for the V1′ emission line state of $${V}_{{\rm{Si}}}$$VSi at larger electric fields, providing a means to modify the single-photon emission. The approach presented herein paves the way towards obtaining complete control of, and drastically enhanced emission from, $${V}_{{\rm{Si}}}$$VSi defect ensembles in 4H-SiC highly suitable for quantum applications.
Field-induced double spin spiral in a frustrated chiral magnet
Authors: Ramakrishnan Mahesh , Constable Evan , Cano Andres , Mostovoy Maxim , White Jonathan S. , Gurung Namrata , Schierle Enrico , Brion Sophie de , Colin Claire V. , Gay Frederic , Lejay Pascal , Ressouche Eric , Weschke Eugen , Scagnoli Valerio , Ballou Rafik , Simonet Virginie , Staub Urs 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMagnetic ground states with peculiar spin textures, such as magnetic skyrmions and multifunctional domains are of enormous interest for the fundamental physics governing their origin as well as potential applications in emerging technologies. Of particular interest are multiferroics, where sophisticated interactions between electric and magnetic phenomena can be used to tailor several functionalities. We report the direct observation of a magnetic field induced long-wavelength spin spiral modulation in the chiral compound Ba$${}_{3}$$3TaFe$${}_{3}$$3Si$${}_{2}$$2O$${}_{14}$$14, which emerges out of a helical ground state, and is hallmarked by the onset of a unique chirality-dependent contribution to the bulk electric polarization. The periodicity of the field-induced modulation, several hundreds of nm depending on the field value, is comparable to the length scales of mesoscopic topological defects such as skyrmions, merons, and solitons. The phase transition and observed threshold behavior are consistent with a phenomenology based on the allowed Lifshitz invariants for the chiral symmetry of langasite, which intriguingly contain all the essential ingredients for the realization of topologically stable antiferromagnetic skyrmions. Our findings open up new directions to explore topological correlations of antiferromagnetic spintronic systems based on non-collinear magnetic systems with additional ferroic functionalities.
Differences in lipidome and metabolome organization of prefrontal cortex among human populations
Authors: Tkachev Anna , Stepanova Vita , Zhang Lei , Khrameeva Ekaterina , Zubkov Dmitry , Giavalisco Patrick , Khaitovich Philipp 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHuman populations, despite their overwhelming similarity, contain some distinct phenotypic, genetic, epigenetic, and gene expression features. In this study, we explore population differences at yet another level of molecular phenotype: the abundance of non-polar and polar low molecular weight compounds, lipids and metabolites in the prefrontal cortical region of the brain. We assessed the abundance of 1,670 lipids and 258 metabolites in 146 Han Chinese, 97 Western European, and 60 African American individuals of varying ages, covering most of the lifespan. The statistical analysis and logistic regression models both demonstrated extensive lipid and metabolic divergence of the Han Chinese individuals from the other two populations. This divergence was age-dependent, peaking in young adults, and involved metabolites and lipids clustering in specific metabolic pathways.
Interactions of Ionic Liquids and Spirocyclic Compounds with Liposome Model Membranes. A Steady-State Fluorescence Anisotropy Study
Authors: Rantamäki Antti H. , Chen Wen , Hyväri Paulus , Helminen Jussi , Partl Gabriel , King Alistair W. T. , Wiedmer Susanne K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the toxicity of ionic liquids (ILs) is crucial in the search of greener chemicals. By comparing in vivo toxicity and in vitro interactions determined between compounds and biomimetic lipid membranes, more detailed toxicity vs. structure relation can be obtained. However, determining the interactions between non-surface-active compounds and liposomes has been a challenging task. Organisational changes induced by ILs and IL-like spirocyclic compounds within 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene-doped biomimetic liposomes was studied by steady-state fluorescence anisotropy technique. The extent of organisational changes detected within the liposome bilayers were compared to the toxicity of the compounds determined using Vibrio Fischeri bacteria. Four liposome compositions made of pure 1-palmitoyl-2-oleyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocoline (POPC) and mixtures of POPC, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine (POPS), and cholesterol (Chol) were tested as biomimetic models. Changes observed within the POPC/POPS/Chol 55:20:25 bilayers correlated the best with the toxicity results: ten out of twelve compounds followed the trend of increasing bilayer disorder – increasing toxicity. The study suggests that the toxicity of non-surface-active compounds is dependent on their ability to diffuse into the bilayers. The extent of bilayer’s organisational changes correlates rather well with the toxicity of the compounds. Highly sensitive technique, such as fluorescence anisotropy measurements, is needed for detecting subtle changes within the bilayer structures.
Mitochondrial morphology provides a mechanism for energy buffering at synapses
Authors: Garcia Guadalupe C. , Bartol Thomas M. , Phan Sébastien , Bushong Eric A. , Perkins Guy , Sejnowski Terrence J. , Ellisman Mark H. , Skupin Alexander 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMitochondria as the main energy suppliers of eukaryotic cells are highly dynamic organelles that fuse, divide and are transported along the cytoskeleton to ensure cellular energy homeostasis. While these processes are well established, substantial evidence indicates that the internal structure is also highly variable in dependence on metabolic conditions. However, a quantitative mechanistic understanding of how mitochondrial morphology affects energetic states is still elusive. To address this question, we here present an agent-based multiscale model that integrates three-dimensional morphologies from electron microscopy tomography with the molecular dynamics of the main ATP producing components. We apply our modeling approach to mitochondria at the synapse which is the largest energy consumer within the brain. Interestingly, comparing the spatiotemporal simulations with a corresponding space-independent approach, we find minor spatial effects when the system relaxes toward equilibrium but a qualitative difference in fluctuating environments. These results suggest that internal mitochondrial morphology is not only optimized for ATP production but also provides a mechanism for energy buffering and may represent a mechanism for cellular robustness.
A Pre-clinical Animal Model of Secondary Head and Neck Lymphedema
Authors: Daneshgaran Giulia , Lo Andrea Y. , Paik Connie B. , Cooper Michael N. , Sung Cynthia , Jiao Wan , Park Sun Y. , Ni Pauline , Yu Roy P. , Vorobyova Ivetta , Jashashvili Tea , Hong Young-Kwon , Kim Gene H. , Conti Peter S. , Chai Yang , Wong Alex K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHead and neck lymphedema (HNL) is a disfiguring disease affecting over 90% of patients treated for head and neck cancer. Animal models of lymphedema are used to test pharmacologic and microsurgical therapies; however, no animal model for HNL is described in the literature to date. In this study we describe the first reproducible rat model for HNL. Animals were subjected to two surgical protocols: (1) lymphadenectomy plus irradiation; and (2) sham surgery and no irradiation. Head and neck expansion was measured on post-operative days 15, 30 and 60. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was acquired at the same time points. Lymphatic drainage was measured at day 60 via indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography, after which animals were sacrificed for histological analysis. Postsurgical lymphedema was observed 100% of the time. Compared to sham-operated animals, lymphadenectomy animals experienced significantly more head and neck swelling at all timepoints (P < 0.01). Lymphadenectomy animals had significantly slower lymphatic drainage for 6 days post-ICG injection (P < 0.05). Histological analysis of lymphadenectomy animals revealed 83% greater subcutis thickness (P = 0.008), 22% greater collagen deposition (P = 0.001), 110% greater TGFβ1+ cell density (P = 0.04), 1.7-fold increase in TGFβ1 mRNA expression (P = 0.03), and 114% greater T-cell infiltration (P = 0.005) compared to sham-operated animals. In conclusion, animals subjected to complete lymph node dissection and irradiation developed changes consistent with human clinical postsurgical HNL. This was evidenced by significant increase in all head and neck measurements, slower lymphatic drainage, subcutaneous tissue expansion, increased fibrosis, and increased inflammation compared to sham-operated animals.
Photonic topological semimetals in bianisotropic metamaterials
Authors: Yu You-Zhong , Kuo Chih-Yu , Chern Ruey-Lin , Chan C. T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe analyze the photonic topological phases in bianisotropic metamaterials characterized by a chirality tensor with zero trace. We found that the strength of chirality component determines the topological character of the metamaterial. The underlying medium can be considered as a topological semimetal with the nontrivial band gap in the momentum space. The topological properties are described by the spin-orbit Hamiltonians with spin 1 and characterized by the nonzero topological invariants. In particular, photonic quantum Hall states exist when the longitudinal chirality component exceeds the permittivity, whereas photonic quantum spin Hall states are present when the chiral nihility occurs. Considering the dispersion in the frequency domain, the bianisotropic metamaterial is regarded as a photonic Weyl system that supports the Weyl points and Fermi arcs. The topological features are further illustrated with the robust transport of edge states at an irregular boundary of the metamaterial.
NAA at a high concentration promotes efficient plant regeneration via direct somatic embryogenesis and SE-mediated transformation system in Ranunculus sceleratus
Authors: Xu Ke-dong , Wang Wei , Yu De-shui , Li Xiao-li , Chen Jia-min , Feng Bo-jin , Zhao Ya-wen , Cheng Meng-jia , Liu Xin-xin , Li Cheng-wei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe novel methods for efficient plant regeneration via direct somatic embryogenesis (SE) and SE-mediated transformation system under high concentration of NAA in Ranunculus sceleratus were established. On MS media containing a high concentration of NAA (10.0 mg/L) in the dark, all inoculated explants (root, stem and leaf) formed somatic embryos at high frequencies, respectively, 66.03, 126.47 and 213.63 embryoids per explant, and 100% of the embryoids developed into plantlets on 1/2 MS rooting media. Morphological and histological analyses revealed that SE in R. sceleratus followed a classical pattern. All inoculated explants can be used as receptors for genetic transformation in R. sceleratus, through direct SE-mediated method after Agrobacterium infection. RcLEC1-B, as a marker gene, changed the number and morphology of flower organs and the development of cuticle in R. sceleratus, which indicated that the efficient transgenic system of R. sceleratus was established. To our knowledge, this is the first observation that both direct SE and transgenic transformation system, via induction of a single plant growth regulator, have been successfully constructed in R. sceleratus.
Generation of multi-solitons and noise-like pulses in a high-powered thulium-doped all-fiber ring oscillator
Authors: Voropaev Vasilii , Donodin Aleksandr , Voronets Andrei , Vlasov Dmitrii , Lazarev Vladimir , Tarabrin Mikhail , Krylov Alexander 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe report a study on the switching of the generation regimes in a high-powered thulium-doped all-fiber ring oscillator that is passively mode-locked with nonlinear polarization evolution technique with different pumping rates and cavity dispersion values. In one experimental setup, switching was observed between the noise-like pulse and the multi-soliton (in the forms of soliton bunches and soliton rain) regimes by the adjustment of the intracavity polarization controllers. We attributed this to the crucial influence of the nonlinear polarization evolution strength determined by such key parameters as saturation (over-rotation) power, linear phase bias, and nonlinear losses on the pulse evolution and stability. So the soliton collapse effect (leading to noise-like pulse generation) or the peak power clamping effect (generating a bunch of loosely-bound solitons) may determine pulse dynamics. Both the spectrum bandwidth and coherence time were studied for noise-like pulses by varying the cavity length and pump power, as well as the duration of solitons composing bunches. As a result, both noise-like pulses (with spectrum as broad as 32 nm bandwidth) and multi-soliton formations (with individual pulse-widths ranging from 748 to 1273 fs with a cavity length increase from 12 to 53 m) with up to 730 mW average power were generated at a wavelength of around 1.9 μm. The results are important for the realization of the broadband and smooth supercontinuum which can be used as a source for mid-IR vibrational spectroscopy of gas samples for breath analysis and environmental sensing.
Coherent resonance in the distributed cortical network during sensory information processing
Authors: Pisarchik Alexander N. , Maksimenko Vladimir A. , Andreev Andrey V. , Frolov Nikita S. , Makarov Vladimir V. , Zhuravlev Maxim O. , Runnova Anastasija E. , Hramov Alexander E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNeuronal brain network is a distributed computing system, whose architecture is dynamically adjusted to provide optimal performance of sensory processing. A small amount of visual information needed effortlessly be processed, activates neural activity in occipital and parietal areas. Conversely, a visual task which requires sustained attention to process a large amount of sensory information, involves a set of long-distance connections between parietal and frontal areas coordinating the activity of these distant brain regions. We demonstrate that while neural interactions result in coherence, the strongest connection is achieved through coherence resonance induced by adjusting intrinsic brain noise.
Comprehensive multivariate correlations between climatic effect, metabolite-profile, antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity of Brazilian red propolis metabolites during seasonal study
Authors: do Nascimento Ticiano Gomes , dos Santos Arruda Rodolfo Elleson , da Cruz Almeida Erika Tayse , dos Santos Oliveira José Marcos , Basílio-Júnior Irinaldo Diniz , Celerino de Moraes Porto Isabel Cristina , Rodrigues Sabino Adilson , Tonholo Josealdo , Gray Alexander , Ebel RuAngelie Edrada , Clements Carol , Zhang Tong , Watson David George 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe standardization of apiceutical products like as propolis extracts has been widely debated worldwide and variations in the propolis chemical composition are still very relevant topics for use-standardized of different propolis-type as medication by much of the world’s population. The present manuscript discuss important issues related to the climate effect and variations in propolis metabolite-profiling changes, antioxidant capacity and variations of the antibacterial activity of the Brazilian red propolis metabolites using comprehensive multivariate correlations. It was observed the increasing of guttiferones concentrations during the intense drought period and drastic decreasing in rainy period. The climate variation induced the high concentration of flavonoids in rainy period with pronounced dropped in some rainy months. The Pearson´s analysis demonstrated correlation between IC50 from DPPH and guttiferones and flavonoids concentrations. The PCA-X and Hotelling T2 test showed outliers during the months with lowest concentrations of formononetin and isoliquiritigenin was observed in antibacterial tests. The PLS-DA, OPLS-DA and VIP analysis demonstrate guttiferone E, guttiferone B, liquiritigenin, naringenin are considered important substances responsible by anti-staphylococcal activity in red propolis composition during the rainy season and drought period, but a synergistic effect with other flavonoids and isoflavonoids are not ruled out.
Hardening and Strain Localisation in Helium-Ion-Implanted Tungsten
Authors: Das Suchandrima , Yu Hongbing , Tarleton Edmund , Hofmann Felix 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTungsten is the main candidate material for plasma-facing armour components in future fusion reactors. In-service, fusion neutron irradiation creates lattice defects through collision cascades. Helium, injected from plasma, aggravates damage by increasing defect retention. Both can be mimicked using helium-ion-implantation. In a recent study on 3000 appm helium-implanted tungsten (W-3000He), we hypothesized helium-induced irradiation hardening, followed by softening during deformation. The hypothesis was founded on observations of large increase in hardness, substantial pile-up and slip-step formation around nano-indents and Laue diffraction measurements of localised deformation underlying indents. Here we test this hypothesis by implementing it in a crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) formulation, simulating nano-indentation in W-3000He at 300 K. The model considers thermally-activated dislocation glide through helium-defect obstacles, whose barrier strength is derived as a function of defect concentration and morphology. Only one fitting parameter is used for the simulated helium-implanted tungsten; defect removal rate. The simulation captures the localised large pile-up remarkably well and predicts confined fields of lattice distortions and geometrically necessary dislocation underlying indents which agree quantitatively with previous Laue measurements. Strain localisation is further confirmed through high resolution electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements on cross-section lift-outs from centre of nano-indents in W-3000He.
CD105 (Endoglin) as negative prognostic factor in AML
Authors: Kauer Joseph , Schwartz Karolin , Tandler Claudia , Hinterleitner Clemens , Roerden Malte , Jung Gundram , Salih Helmut R. , Heitmann Jonas S. , Märklin Melanie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhile several genetic and morphological markers are established and serve to guide therapy of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), there is still profound need to identify additional markers to better stratify patients. CD105 (Endoglin) is a type I transmembrane protein reported to induce activation and proliferation of endothelial cells. In addition, CD105 is expressed in haematological malignancies and the vessels of solid tumours. Here, CD105 associates with unfavourable disease course, but so far no data are available on the prognostic relevance of CD105 in haematological malignancies. We here generated a novel CD105 antibody for analysis of expression and prognostic relevance of CD105 in a cohort of 62 AML patients. Flow cytometric analysis revealed substantial expression in the various AML FAB types, with FAB M3 type displaying significantly lower surface levels. Next we established a cut-off specific fluorescence level of 5.22 using receiver-operating characteristics, which allowed to group patients in cases with CD105loand CD105hisurface expression and revealed that high CD105 expression correlated significantly with poor overall and progression free survival. In conclusion, we here identify CD105 expression as a novel prognostic marker in AML, which may serve to optimize follow up and treatment decisions for AML patients.
Transcriptomic responses in mouse blood during the first week after in vivo gamma irradiation
Authors: Paul Sunirmal , Kleiman Norman J. , Amundson Sally A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDue to limitations of available human models for development of gene expression based radiation biodosimetry, many such studies have made use of mouse models. To provide a broad view of the gene expression response to irradiation in the mouse, we have exposed male C57BL/6 mice to 0, 1.5, 3, 6 or 10 Gy of gamma rays, sacrificing groups of the mice at 1, 2, 3, 5, or 7 days after exposure. We then profiled global gene expression in blood from individual mice using Agilent microarrays. In general, we found increasing numbers of genes differentially expressed with increasing dose, with more prolonged responses after the higher doses. Gene ontology analysis showed a similar pattern, with more biological processes enriched among the genes responding to higher doses, and at later times after exposure. Clustering the timecourse expression data using maSigPro identified four broad patterns of response, representing different gene ontology functions. The largest of these clusters included genes with initially decreased expression followed by increased expression at later times, a pattern of expression previously reported for several genes following neutron exposure. Another gene cluster showing consistent down regulation suggests genes useful for biodosimetry throughout the first week after exposure can be identified.