bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Material Combination Concept to Realize 4D Printed Products with Newly Emerging Property/Functionality
Authors: Wu Hongzhi , Zhang Xuan , Ma Zheng , Zhang Ce , Ai Jingwei , Chen Peng , Yan Chunze , Su Bin , Shi Yusheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract4D printing is a newly emerging technique that shows the capability of additively manufacturing structures whose shape, property, or functionality can controllably vary with time under external stimuli. However, most of the existing 4D printed products only focus on the variation of physical geometries, regardless of controllable changes of their properties, as well as practical functionality. Here, a material combination concept is proposed to construct 4D printed devices whose property and functionality can controllably vary. The 4D printed devices consist of conductive and magnetic parts, enabling the integrated devices to show a piezoelectric property even neither part is piezoelectric individually. Consequently, the functionality of the devices is endowed to transfer mechanical to electrical energy based on the electromagnetic introduction principle. The working mechanism of 4D printed devices is explained by a numerical simulation method using Comsol software, facilitating further optimization of their properties by regulating diverse parameters. Due to the self‐powered, quick‐responding, and sensitive properties, the 4D printed magnetoelectric device could work as pressure sensors to warn illegal invasion. This work opens a new manufacturing method of flexible magnetoelectric devices and provides a new material combination concept for the property‐changed and functionality‐changed 4D printing.
Hepatocyte TMEM16A Deletion Retards NAFLD Progression by Ameliorating Hepatic Glucose Metabolic Disorder
Authors: Guo Jia‐Wei , Liu Xiu , Zhang Ting‐Ting , Lin Xiao‐Chun , Hong Yu , Yu Jie , Wu Qin‐Yan , Zhang Fei‐Ran , Wu Qian‐Qian , Shang Jin‐Yan , Lv Xiao‐Fei , Ou Jing‐Song , Zhou Jia‐Guo , Pang Rui‐Ping , Tang Bao‐Dong , Liang Si‐Jia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent form of chronic liver disease, and the mechanisms underpinning its pathogenesis have not been completely established. Transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A), a component of the Ca2+‐activated chloride channel (CaCC), has recently been implicated in metabolic events. Herein, TMEM16A is shown to be responsible for CaCC activation in hepatocytes and is increased in liver tissues of mice and patients with NAFLD. Hepatocyte‐specific ablation of TMEM16A in mice ameliorates high‐fat diet‐induced obesity, hepatic glucose metabolic disorder, steatosis, insulin resistance, and inflammation. In contrast, hepatocyte‐specific TMEM16A transgenic mice exhibit the opposite phenotype. Mechanistically, hepatocyte TMEM16A interacts with vesicle‐associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3) to induce its degradation, suppressing the formation of the VAMP3/syntaxin 4 and VAMP3/synaptosome‐associated protein 23 complexes. This leads to the impairment of hepatic glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) translocation and glucose uptake. Notably, VAMP3 overexpression restrains the functions of hepatocyte TMEM16A in blocking GLUT2 translocation and promoting lipid deposition, insulin resistance, and inflammation. In contrast, VAMP3 knockdown reverses the beneficial effects of TMEM16A downregulation. This study demonstrates a role for TMEM16A in NAFLD and suggests that inhibition of hepatic TMEM16A or disruption of TMEM16A/VAMP3 interaction may provide a new potential therapeutic strategy for NAFLD.
Dual‐Gated MoS2 Transistors for Synaptic and Programmable Logic Functions
Authors: Du Jian‐yu , Ge Chen , Riahi Hassen , Guo Er‐jia , He Meng , Wang Can , Yang Guo‐zhen , Jin Kui‐juan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNeuromorphic computers, which can store information and compute at the same time, have been considered to be a potential candidate for greatly improving computing efficiency. The development of high‐performance artificial synapses, which are the basic unit of brain‐like chips, is very important for realizing efficient neuromorphic computing. Here, a dual‐gated MoS2 transistor is designed to realize synaptic functions and programmable logic operations. The channel conductance is modulated via top electrolyte gating to mimic important synaptic functions, such as excitatory postsynaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, and spike‐timing dependent plasticity. The synaptic transistor exhibits ultra‐low energy consumption with 12.7 fJ. Furthermore, the MoS2 transistor can dynamically reconfigure the logic operations of “AND,” “OR,” and “NOT” by combining top electrolyte gating with back gating. Classical Pavlov's dog experiment can be simulated by the dual gated device. These results indicate that the proposed synaptic transistor has potential applications in realizing neuromorphic and programmable logic devices.
Comparison of two alkali trap methods for measuring the flush of CO2
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J. , Veum Kristen S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSoil biological activity is a key feature of healthy soil. The flush of CO2 during the first few days after rewetting of a dried soil is a rapid indicator of soil biological health, but variations in approach require testing and calibration. A 3‐d incubation method (25°C, 50% water‐filled pore space, acid titration) was compared with a 4‐d incubation method (∼20°C, capillary wetted, electrical conductivity) from two long‐term field experiments in Missouri (silt loam soils) and North Carolina (sandy loam and loamy sand soils). The two methods were related (p < .001) to each other (r2 = .93, n = 211 for Missouri soils and r2 = .68, n = 126 for North Carolina soils), but results differed in absolute value in an unexpected manner. Differences in incubation time (3 vs. 4 d), temperature (∼20 vs. 25°C), and water delivery (50% water‐filled pore space vs. capillary wetting) were major factors affecting relationships between methods. Time and temperature were predictable and scalable factors, but water delivery approach likely caused random variations specific to soil type. Both methods were able to discern depth stratification of soil biological activity, but subtle differences due to landscape position and soil texture were detected only with the 3‐d method. We suggest that greater standardization of soil biological activity protocols based on key factors of soil moisture, temperature, and time of incubation be adopted to improve reliability and value to stakeholders.
Preparation of a novel phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardant and its effects on the flame retardancy and physical properties of polyketone
Authors: Sim Min‐Ji , Shim Jaeyoon , Lee Jong‐Chan , Cha Sang‐Ho 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, a novel phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardant (PNFR) was synthesized, and its flame retardancy for polyketone (PK) was systematically investigated. The chemical structure of PNFR was characterized using NMR spectroscopy. The PNFR was considered to generate phosphoric acid, which catalyzed the char formation reaction of PK via condensed‐phase decomposition. When 7 wt% PNFR was incorporated into PK, the limiting oxygen index value was increased from 20.2 to 25.9%. In addition, this PK‐PNFR sample achieved the rating of VTM‐0 because it exhibited self‐extinguishable properties and did not drip when fire was removed from it. As the PNFR content increased, while the initial decomposition temperature decreased, the amount of residual char considerably increased. Thus, the PNFR was thought to impart flame‐retarding ability to PK via superior condensed‐phase mechanism. Additionally, the decrease in melting temperature and enthalpy of fusion was observed after the addition of PNFR, which implied that the PNFR could act as plasticizer for PK.
Aminoglycoside hydrogels based on dynamic covalent bonds with pH sensitivity, biocompatibility, self‐healing, and antibacterial ability
Authors: Li Ya , Cheng Cui , Gao Xiaoran , Wang Siyuan , Ye Hanhui , Han Xiao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDespite aminoglycosides (AGs) have superior antibacterial ability, all approved AGs by FDA are associated with adverse effects such as ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. To solve these problems, AGs hydrogels based on dynamic covalent bond cross‐linking were quickly prepared within 25 s by using AGs, aldehyde hyaluronic acid (A‐HA), and adipic acid dihydrazide graft hyaluronic acid (HA‐ADH) as materials. FT‐IR, thermal analysis, and SEM results exhibited that A‐HA/HA‐ADH/AGs hydrogels were successfully synthesized with highly porous and interconnected network structure. The water absorption ratio of the hydrogels increased with the decreasing pH and temperature, indicating the hydrogels were pH‐ and temp‐responsive. The pH‐dependent degradation also demonstrated pH sensitivity of the hydrogels. Rheology and self‐healing analysis assessment displayed that AGs hydrogels had good mechanical property, self‐healing ability, and injectability. The hydrogels had no cytotoxicity to L929 cells and their hemolysis ratios were between 0.7% and 1.3%, which reached a nontoxic level. Most importantly, inhibition zones results demonstrated that the hydrogels had excellent and sustained antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, A‐HA/HA‐ADH/AGs hydrogels are potential dressings for wound healing. Further plans including antibacterial and in vivo wound healing assays will be shown in the next work.
Cyclodextrins as Surfactants for Solubilization and Purification of Carbon Nanohorn Aggregates
Authors: Hanayama Hiroki , Yamada Junya , Harano Koji , Nakamura Eiichi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNano‐ to micrometer‐scale surface roughness contributes to the hydrophobicity of materials as discussed often in terms of superhydrophobicity. We report here that as little as 1 wt% of α, β, and γ‐cyclodextrins (CDs) can disperse carbon nanohorn aggregates (CNHa) as surfactants in water by binding on their pointed tips. The binding mode was visually demonstrated using single‐molecule atomic resolution real‐time electron microscopy (SMART‐EM). The SMART‐EM data provided an estimation of the equilibrium constant of the CD binding to be close to that of adamantane ammonium chloride to β‐CD. A qualitative study on the rate of decomplexation of α, β, and γ‐CDs from CNHa suggests a substantial mechanistic difference in their binding mode to the CNH tips. A sequence of α‐CD complexation and decomplexation allows us to purify CNHa by selectively removing graphitic ball‐shaped impurity (GB). Upon treatment with NaNH2, the purified CNHa produce GB‐free amino‐CNHa where the tips are functionalized with NH2 groups.
Plasmatic lipocalin‐2 levels in chronic low‐grade inflammation syndromes: Comparison between metabolic syndrome, total and partial adult growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Currò Diego , Vergani Edoardo , Bruno Carmine , Comi Simone , D'Abate Claudia , Mancini Antonio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLipocalin‐2 (LCN2) is a secreted glycoprotein involved in several chronic inflammatory processes. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and adult growth hormone deficiency (GHD) are known as chronic inflammatory conditions. The primary objective of this observational cross‐sectional study was to compare LCN2 plasmatic levels in these clinical settings, whereas the secondary objective was to investigate any possible correlation between LCN2 and BMI and/or indexes of insulin sensitivity/resistance. Seventy‐four patients were divided as follows: Group A, MetS (18 patients, 13 females and 5 males, mean ± SEM age 45.1 ± 4.11 years, BMI 31.22 ± 1.73 kg/m2); Group B, total GHD (18 patients, 8 females and 10 males, age 52.44 ± 2.61 years, BMI 30.49 ± 1.87 kg/m2); Group C, Partial GHD (pGHD; 19 patients, 13 females and 6 males, age 48.63 ± 2.19 years, BMI 29.11 ± 1.85 kg/m2); Group D, Controls (19 patients, 13 females and 6males, age 40.26 ± 2.87 years, BMI 23.25 ± 0.95 kg/m2). They were evaluated for glucose and insulin, HOMA‐index, QUICKI‐index, Total/low‐density lipoprotein/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, IGF‐1, and LCN2. LCN2 plasmatic levels were significantly increased in MetS, while no significant differences with controls were found in total and pGHD. LCN2 levels did not correlate with BMI. A significant positive correlation between LCN2 and HOMA‐index was found in controls, while a trend‐like, yet not significant, a positive correlation was observed in pGHD. Our data show an increase in LCN2 plasmatic levels in MetS. Different inflammatory patterns characterize MetS and GHD. The correlation between HOMA index and LCN2 in normal subjects and possibly in pGHD ones suggests a modulatory action of LCN2 on insulin resistance.
LncRNA DLEU2 promotes tumour growth by sponging miR‐337‐3p in human osteosarcoma
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Peng‐cheng , Ma Ke , Wang Yuan‐yi , Chi Qing‐bao , Yan Ming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAccording to statistics, abnormal regulation of lncRNAs pivotally influences multiple malignant tumours. DLEU2, as one of these lncRNAs, is detected to be related to growth and development of tumours. The molecular mechanisms of DLEU2 in osteosarcoma, however, are still unknown. QRT‐PCR was adopted to analyse the correlations of clinicopathological features and prognosis of osteosarcoma cases with DLEU2. The influences of DLEU2 on cell migration and viability were evaluated independently by experiments in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, and dual luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the specific binding of DLEU2 to miR‐337‐3p. Moreover, rescue experiments were carried out to further evaluate the regulatory association between miR‐337‐3p expression and DLEU2. In osteosarcoma tissues and cells, DLEU2 expression level was raised remarkably in comparison with that in para‐carcinoma normal tissues, and DLEU2 high expression had associations with poor prognosis, tumour stages, and TS of osteosarcoma cases. Cell migration ability and viability were blocked by DLEU2 knockdown but enhanced by ectopic DLEU2 expression in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, DLEU2 was found to sponge miR‐337‐3p and trigger the stimulating effect in osteosarcoma cells, which would be suppressed by miR‐337‐3p mimics. Furthermore, a negative correlation existed between miR‐337‐3p expression and DLEU2 in osteosarcoma tissues. This study manifests that DLEU2 sponges miR‐337‐3p to accelerate tumour growth and is confirmed to be a factor for poor prognosis of osteosarcoma cases.Significance of the StudyLncRNA DLEU2 has been reported to be dysregulated in many tumours; however, the functions and underlying mechanism of DLEU2 in osteosarcoma pathogenesis are still unknown. This study is the first to demonstrate the roles of DLEU2 in osteosarcoma and revealed that DLEU2 may serve as a ceRNA to sponge miR‐337‐3p and then promote the progression of osteosarcoma, providing a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
Optical Control of Cellular ATP Levels with a Photocaged Adenylate Kinase
Authors: Zhou Wenyuan , Hankinson Chasity P. , Deiters Alexander 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe have developed a new tool for the optical control of cellular ATP concentrations with a photocaged adenylate kinase (Adk). The photocaged Adk is generated by substituting a catalytically essential lysine with a hydroxycoumarin‐protected lysine through site‐specific unnatural amino acid mutagenesis in both E. coli and mammalian cells. Caging of the critical lysine residue offers complete suppression of Adk's phosphotransferase activity and rapid restoration of its function both in vitro and in vivo upon optical stimulation. Light‐activated Adk renders faster rescue of cell growth than chemically inducible expression of wild‐type Adk in E. coli as well as rapid ATP depletion in mammalian cells. Thus, caging Adk provides a new tool for direct conditional perturbation of cellular ATP concentrations thereby enabling the investigation of ATP‐coupled physiological events in temporally dynamic contexts.
FLI‐1 mediates tumor suppressor function via Klotho signaling in regulating CRC
Authors: Xie Biao , Hu Fan , Li Mei , Mo Li , Xu Chongsi , Xiao You , Wang Xiaoyan , Nie Jing , Yang Lixia , He Yongheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is an aggressive malignancy with a high incidence and mortality rate. Although a targeting therapy has been developed, the 5‐year survival rate is still very low in CRC patients with distant metastasis. Thus, the identification of new targets is still significant for improving CRC treatment. Klotho is a tumor suppressor, and its expression is aberrant in CRC. In this study, the roles of the FLI‐1 gene in regulating Klotho gene expression and Klotho‐associated signaling, as well as the effects of FLI‐1 on colony formation, invasion, and apoptosis were investigated in CRC cell lines. The methylation of the FLI‐1 gene was analyzed using a commercial methylation kit. Results showed that FLI‐1 messenger RNA and protein expression were downregulated in six CRC cell lines when compared with the normal colon mucosal epithelial cell line, which negatively correlated with the level of DNA methylation. Silencing of FLI‐1 gene expression decreased Klotho protein expression and phosphorylation of β‐catenin protein at Thr41/Ser45, but increased Wnt3a and β‐catenin protein expression and IGF‐1R phosphorylation in HT29 cells. In contrast to silencing FLI‐1, overexpressing FLI‐1 significantly increased Klotho protein expression and phosphorylation of β‐catenin protein at Thr41/Ser45, but decreased Wnt3a and β‐catenin protein expression and IGF‐1R phosphorylation in Caco‐2 cells. Silencing of FLI‐1 gene expression significantly increased colony formation and invasion, but decreased apoptosis in HT29 cells. In contrast, overexpressing the FLI‐1 gene significantly decreased colony formation and invasion, but increased apoptosis in Caco‐2 cells. These findings suggest that FLI‐1 functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC cells and positively regulates Klotho signaling. Hypermethylation may be one of the causes of the loss of FLI‐1 gene expression in CRC cells.
Extreme snowfall and residential care: A case report of a 2‐year‐old girl with heart failure
Authors: Miyatake Hirotomo , Yamamoto Kana , Ozaki Akihiko , Kawada Shogo , Nishikawa Yoshitaka , Beniya Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn residential care, the daily use of social networking services with patients (and patients’ families) helps prepare for a potential disaster. This enables health workers to continue providing essential care even during disasters, while saving human and medical resources for those who need them the most.
Establishing High Photocatalytic H2 Evolution from Multiwalled Titanate Nanotubes
Authors: Yoo Jeong Eun , Alshehri Abdulmohsen Ali , Qin Shanshan , Bawaked Salem Mohamed , Mostafa Mohamed Mokhtar M. , Katabathini Narasimharao , Fehn Dominik , Schmidt Jochen , Mazare Anca , Denisov Nikita , Cha Gihoon , Meyer Karsten , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBlack TiO2 in various forms has been investigated for numerous photochemical applications. In photocatalytic water splitting, “grey” titania forms have been reported to reach considerable H2 generation rates without using a noble metal co‐catalyst. Up to now, a variety of anatase powders or other morphologies has been investigated in grey and black forms. Here we describe that hydrothermal titanate/anatase nanotubes can show a strong noble metal free photocatalytic activity. For optimized “blackening” conditions, a drastically higher photocatalytic H2 production can be obtained than for other nanoscale morphologies. This effect can further be improved with a very mild Pt doping that again shows a clearly stronger photocatalytic H2 production than comparably loaded nanopowders.
Experiments and Correlations of the Solubility of γ‐DL‐Methionine in Binary Solvent Mixtures
Authors: Kongsamai Peetikamol , Phoumixay Channakhone , Wantha Lek 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAntisolvents increase the supersaturation in the crystallization process which can enhance the product yield. The effect of an antisolvent on the solubility of γ‐DL‐methionine (γ‐DL‐met) in aqueous solution was investigated. The solubility of γ‐DL‐met was measured with various binary solvent mixtures. It improved with higher temperature but decreased with increasing the antisolvent mass fraction. Acetone showed the highest efficiency to reduce the solubility. The solubilities were correlated with the van't Hoff‐Jouyban‐Acree model and the modified Apelblat‐Jouyban‐Acree model. Both models fitted to the experimental results with high accuracy. Enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of dissolution were determined by van't Hoff analysis. The thermodynamic properties indicated that the dissolution process is endothermic and entropy‐driven.
Three‐Component Reaction for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Propargyl Ethers
Authors: Pisella Guillaume , Gagnebin Alec , Waser Jérôme 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMulticomponent reactions provide efficient means to access molecular complexity. Herein, we report a copper‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of diazo compounds, alcohols and ethynyl benziodoxole (EBX) reagents for the synthesis of propargyl ethers. Extensive variations of the three partners of the reaction is possible, leading to highly functionalized and structurally diverse products under mild conditions. Alkynylation of a copper ylide intermediate is postulated as key step for this transformation.
The Bioequivalence of Tafamidis 61‐mg Free Acid Capsules and Tafamidis Meglumine 4 × 20‐mg Capsules in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Lockwood Peter A. , Le Vu H. , O'Gorman Melissa T. , Patterson Terrell A. , Sultan Marla B. , Tankisheva Ekaterina , Wang Qiang , Riley Steve 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTafamidis, a non‐nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory benzoxazole derivative, acts as a transthyretin (TTR) stabilizer to slow progression of TTR amyloidosis (ATTR). Tafamidis meglumine, available as 20‐mg capsules, is approved in more than 40 countries worldwide for the treatment of adults with early‐stage symptomatic ATTR polyneuropathy. This agent, administered as an 80‐mg, once‐daily dose (4 × 20‐mg capsules), is approved in the United States, Japan, Canada, and Brazil for the treatment of hereditary and wild‐type ATTR cardiomyopathy in adults. An alternative single solid oral dosage formulation (tafamidis 61‐mg free acid capsules) was developed and introduced for patient convenience (approved in the United States, United Arab Emirates, and European Union). In this single‐center, open‐label, randomized, 2‐period, 2‐sequence, crossover, multiple‐dose phase 1 study, the rate and extent of absorption were compared between tafamidis 61‐mg free acid capsules (test) and tafamidis meglumine 80‐mg (4 × 20‐mg) capsules (reference) after 7 days of repeated oral dosing under fasted conditions in 30 healthy volunteers. Ratios of adjusted geometric means (90%CI) for the test/reference formulations were 102.3 (98.0‐106.8) for area under the concentration‐time profile over the dosing interval and 94.1 (89.1‐99.4) for the maximum observed concentration, satisfying prespecified bioequivalence acceptance criteria (90%CI, 80‐125). Both tafamidis regimens had an acceptable safety/tolerability profile in this population.