bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fit for Purpose Completion Design & Work Flow Process to Improve Accessibility & Conformance Control Onshore Field Abu Dhabi
Authors: Ladmia Abdelhak , Al Katheeri Abdulla Bakheet , Edmonstone Graham F. , Al Saadi Sami , Deblais Eric , Ghosh Dipankar , Al Hosani Fahad Mustfa , Abdulhalim Abdallah , Abdulsallam Fouad , Al-Khatib Haitham Mohamed , Mcneilly Kevin Dean 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
ADNOC Group of Companies are embarking on drilling many of development wells in the upcoming years to achieve the forecasted production mandates. Therefore, the wells completion should be designed to cater for the following reservoir requirements as per as per company expectations: ▪Full accessibility (to TD) for production logging and stimulation.▪Flexibility for conformance control.▪Defined production allocation.▪Fit for purpose completion that can absorb the change in reservoir dynamics throughout well life.
The current practice of completing the horizontal wells as open hole "bare-foot" completion and geosteering practice might save some short-term cost, but it may impact the hole accessibility and cost more in the long term.
Horizontal well application is one of the key development strategies that will improve the sweeping efficiency and recovery to minimize field development cost by reducing well counts. Longer horizontal require lower completion liners to meet the objectives of the well. Full multi- disciplinary input are needed to properly install an effective lower completion, but robust design often brings strong performance. This paper describes the outcomes of accessibility, geo-steering practices evaluation, fundamental criteria and workflow for selecting the most suitable lower completion design for new and sidetracked wells to achieve ADNOC's production mandates while complying with completion requirements and adhering to reservoir management guidelines.
The objective is to optimize the procedures as per ADNOC guidelines in designin, planning and deploying horizontal wells including the Well Post Rig Operation & Monitoring Process, Lessons Learned and assuring full accessibility while meeting integrity and quality of the development wells for future prognosis.
The main drivers and objectives for running lower completion are listed below: ▪Enabled to maximize reservoir contact aiming for cost and production optimizations▪Full Accessibility to allow PLTs, Stimulation and re-stimulations.▪Compartmentalized lower completion for remedial actions▪Achieve uniform flow conformance utilizing ICVs & ICDs▪Mitigate and manage water production
Implementation of Tracer-Based Production Logging Technology for 3 Phases Inflow Profiling in Offshore Extended Reach Drilled Wells
Authors: Ovchinnikov Kirill , Malyavko Evgeny , Husein Nadir , Gorbokonenko Oksana , Buzin Pavel , Gazizov Ruslan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the context of high hydrocarbon price volatility on the global market and worsening resource structure an increasingly greater attention is paid to the search of effective and economically sound tools for production and exploitation process management and control, including in horizontal and directional wells.
Traditional approaches to horizontal well surveys by PLT using CT come with low industrial safety of work performance, high cost and, therefore, limitation in wide use. One of the alternative approaches is to use well marker monitoring system enabling to obtain unlimited information about inflow profile and composition along a horizontal well without interventions on a long-term basis.
This paper describes an approach of placing the marker monitoring systems as a part of completions and carrying out 3-phase monitoring for oil, water and gas, including off-shore project conditions.
Case Study - Comparative Structural Analyses for Dynamically Sensitive Platforms
Authors: Pai Arun , Samant Sachin , Karuppusamy Kandasamy , Kamal Faris , Takieddine Oussama 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Low frequency platforms with a natural period above 3.0 seconds are sensitive to the wave induced forces. The present paper discusses the available methods in offshore industry to carry out the Extreme Wave Analysis (also called as Dynamic Inplace Analysis). The paper also compares the results of these methods with the normal approach of amplifying the wave load using a factor called Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF). It finally gives a threshold limit based on the platform period for the use of appropriate method of Extreme Wave Analyses.
The Green Revolution for Oil&Gas Using Battery-Less NB-IoT IIoT Devices Powered by Waste Heat for Process Maintenance
Authors: Aragones Ortiz Raul , Nicolas Alegret Roger , Oliver Malagelada Joan , Malet Munté Roger , Ferrer Ramis Carles , Comellas Vogel David , Voces Merayo Ramon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Our planet has a tremendous problem with the air pollution and climate change. The last study published by Jos Lelieveld et al. [1] remarks the high exposition risk of EU Citizens to suffer cardiovascular diseases due to our poisonous air quality, killing yearly 800.000 EU citizens and reducing 2.2 years our life expectancy. Additionally, the last report presented on the UN conference for climate change on 25th of September'19, the IPPC, sets that if the water temperature increases 2°C, the sea level will rise 42cm from this year to 2100 but. If it increases 3°C, the rise will be 84 cm.
Besides, it has been demonstrated that the carbon footprint associated with various human activities leads to a steady increase in global mean temperature. Most of the gases that human activity emits into the atmosphere are due to the industrial processes that require a lot of energy for the transformation of the raw materials. Furthermore, a large part of the energy consumed in the industry is dissipated in the form of heat, also called waste heat. As a clear example, in the EU27, it is estimated that more than 65% of the energy used in the energy-intensive industries (EII) industry is lost in form of waste heat, representing yearly the 21% the EU energy needs.
This paper presents new wireless and battery-less industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices powered by waste heat for measuring vibrations in rotative machines, called INDUEYE IIoT. These self-powered devices will help huge energy demanding industries (especially chemical, petrochemical, oil refineries, etc.) to become more environmentally friendly and profitable in their digitalization process towards Industry 4.0. Also, these new industrial sensing devices take benefit of the new long-range wireless protocols such as NB-IoT or LoRa that simply eliminate all the wireless infrastructure in the facility (and its associated costs). Additionally, the edge-computing concept is introduced in the INDUEYE IIoT device decreasing to 98% of the cloud computation, reducing in consequence, the cloud computing carbon footprint, and its associated fees.
The Method and Strategy to Optimize Well Density for Oilfield Development Projects in Technical Service Contract Framework
Authors: Li Changyong , He Juan , Zhang Yu , Dai Weihua , Pi Jian , Qi Chengxiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper developed the method and strategies to optimize well density for oilfield development projects in Technical Service Contract (TSC) framework. The main TSC terms, including plateau production, capital investment, remuneration fee, etc., were summarized as the basis of well density optimization study. 8 calculation methods were recommended to estimate the technical reasonable well density which is fit for the plateau production requirements. Incorporating with the Shelkachov equation, which reveals the relationship between ultimate oil recovery factor and well density, an investment income analysis model, not taking into account the time value of money, was derived for TSC oilfield development projects. The well density values corresponding to the maximum and zero governmentWs profit were defined as government economic reasonable well density and government economic limit well density respectively. The influence of well density on contractor's profit was further investigated. Finally, the proposed method and investment income analysis model were used in a specific oilfield of the Middle East, which shows that the contractor's profit monotonically decreases with the augment of well density S within a certain range. The strategies, including enhancing oil recovery through drilling more wells and integrated operation with oilfield service companies, are recommended to the leader contractor of this TSC project.
Application of Techno-Economic Energy Intensity Ratios in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Grassian David , Bahatem Mohammed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Net Energy Analysis (NEA) provides essential information and insight that can be used to support field level decision making by oil and gas owner/operators. It contains important information that compliments traditional field level analytical methods that take into account operational and capital expense (OPEX and CAPEX) estimates, discounted cash flows, production volumes and recoverable reserves. The objective of this research is to describe practical methods of conducting field-level NEA and demonstrate the benefits via thought-provoking hypothetical case studies.
One way to integrate NEA and economics is through the use of Energy Intensity Ratios (EIR) at the field level, which focuses on the ratio of the energy costs to the energy intensity of a field, two critical factors affecting both a field's economics and environmental impact. To begin with, this ratio is developed for a number of diverse hypothetical fields and provides an insightful comparison of the underlying economic drivers of different production schemes. Sensitivities on the underlying energetic drivers of a field are explored, taking into account the following recovery methods: (1) water flooding with downhole pumps for production; (2) water flooding with gas lift for production; and (3) steam injection with downhole pumps for production. Additionally, the EIR concept is applied to three small oil fields located in the Gulf of Thailand, with differing energy intensities and fuel sources. The three actual fields all employ water flooding, or water disposal, with downhole pumps for production, which makes for an interesting comparison with the first hypothetical case.
The field level EIR provides an interesting perspective on the economic drivers of the field and clearly differentiates between a production scheme in which the fuel is inexpensive, e.g. from unmarketable production fluids, and the energy intensity of production is low, to a field with higher fuel costs, e.g. imported power or liquid fuels, and a corresponding high energy intensity of production. This research also describes how deviations in operational expectations can have a substantial impact on the energetics, environmental impact and economics of an oil extraction development.
IoT in Offshore Operations: Business Implications and Opportunities
Authors: Ghamdi Ahmed , Amry Meshal 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
The objective of this paper is to discuss the business implications brought upon by the Internet of Things (IoT) and the opportunities in increasing offshore operations safety, efficiency, and innovation.

Methods, Procedures, Process
Several operations in offshore production platforms are studied as to determine how can be transformed using IoT and other digital technologies to yield safer and efficient alternatives. The main processes covered in this paper cover well performance optimization, platform maintenance schedules, and means of minimizing human intervention by utilizing robots to perform the routine operations. The proposed initiative is to develop an automounts smart platform able to run safely and efficiently with minimal human intervention. Some of the sensors and actuators that are going to play a big part in this proposition include a wide range from bottom-hole sensors, artificial lift equipment, surface equipment, and up to the first separation stage.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
The paper aims to establish a roadmap for establishing digitally capable offshore production platforms to minimize human intervention, increase safety, and yield optimum production performance. We layout the roadmap considering the importance of how to ‘Add Value’ by utilizing the digital technology. Three main aspects discussed include how to optimize well performance through real-time choke performance utilizing by all the sensors upstream and downstream, and the actuators, like the choke valve. The integration of well flowing parameters with AI assisted systems for constant evaluation of well performance and abnormality detection is a major and feasible mean of increasing value of these assets. Once a sufficiently large set of data within the IoT umbrella is available for data analytics, then engineers can create innovative ways of handling day to day operations without minimal human intervention.

Novel/Additive Information
The paper expands on previous knowledge by specifically mentioning areas where integrating IoT is most feasible, with objective of improving offshore production operations to achieve a sustainable, profitable, and safe operation.
IAOM Modelling to Optimize New Brownfield Project
Authors: Alghafli Afra Hamad , Aladsani Amna Yaaqob , Al Kaabi Sultan Hamdan , Mcneilly Kevin Dean , Akhtar Mohamed Masud , Abujarad Nasser 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An efficient well and facility surveillance and monitoring process is crucial in the current low-oil-price environment. Identification and mitigation of bottlenecks are essential for a coordinated system. This paper illustrates how the integrated asset modeling (IAM), with an effective work approach and cooperative work environment, is helping to optimize a super-giant brown field with new major facility integration. Real field-based case studies that focus on identifying opportunities in well performance improvements as well as debottlenecking will be discussed in this paper.
The objective of using IAM for the new surface facility project is to perform well and facility performance monitoring, establish efficient reservoir development approach, and asset performance optimization for short and long term production plans. This process includes modeling of wells, surface network, and facility structure which are integrated to various data sources in a production optimization platform. These models were used for evaluating several field-scenarios, confirming deliverability of planned and sustainable production, identifying bottlenecks, as wells as assisting engineers in understanding the interactions between different parts of the production system. In which the engineer is able to identify opportunities for production-system improvements.
The digital production optimization platform assists in the implementation of several automated workflows of performing wells and surface facility components for monitoring and surveillance. Where it also provides an approach for continuous work analysis process in which the representative models and scenarios are built and validated based on input information received from several data sources.
This paper demonstrates the current practice of using IAM for the entire surface and subsurface production system, which include evaluating and assessing the impact of the current facility constraints and limitations, identifying de-bottlenecking opportunities. It also focuses on the assessment of the major upgrade of the surface facility project in the field where dewatering systems on the current degassing stations (RDS) are added. It also shows the significance of data integration in which several quantitative and qualitative challenges pose a demand for establishing efficient work process in an integrated manner which involves various organization teams and disciplines.
This paper also sheds light on handling various challenges relevant to the utilization of IAM models in a digital framework that consist of intelligent workflows and diagnostic analytics. Utilizing true potential of IAM is a vital element for defining optimum production optimization strategy and in reducing the capex and opex investment. Which is a key in achieving the key business objective and KPI of the newly formed integrated facility project.
An Acoustic-Based Method for Measuring Surfactant Concentration in Field Applications
Authors: Al-Sadeg Hala , Felix Servin Jesus Manuel , Abdel-Fattah Amr I. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Numerous enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques entail injecting chemical treatments such as surfactants at a predetermined concentration to achieve targeted results. Typically, these formulations are prepared on-site prior to injection into the reservoir using large mixing tanks. The current quality assurance practice for proper concentration of treatment materials uses indirect methods such as interfacial tension (IFT) and/or viscosity measurements. These measurements can be lengthy or only suitable for a specific range of dispersed phase volumes.
We examined the prospect of using acoustic measurements as a method to determine surfactant concentration for quality assessment of chemical injections on-site. The advantage of ultrasound is that it can characterize both concentrated systems and low dispersed phase volumes. In this study, we acquired the sound attenuation of an amphoteric surfactant, Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine (CBS), and in-house petroleum sulfonate surfactant nano-capsules (NanoSurfactant), within a frequency range of 3-99.5 MHz. We conducted a set of experiments to establish the relationship between acoustic attenuation and surfactant concentration, and assess the measurements’ dependence on variable factors including applied frequency, suspending fluid, and temperature.
The data showed a nearly perfect linear fit in the higher frequency range (65-99.5 MHz) where the coefficient of determination was between 0.979-0.998. Consistent with theoretical predictions, this method showed sensitivity to water salinity where the surfactant, at a constant concentration, displayed higher attenuation values in response to the increase in water salinity, allowing the contribution of surfactants to the acoustic attenuation to be isolated. Our method accurately determined surfactant concentrations using acoustic attenuation regardless of the surfactant used.
Adopting such a robust protocol that can determine surfactant concentration and has the potential to improve field quality assurance methods would be beneficial for EOR research and industry applications whether as a standalone system or in conjunction with other commonly available methods.
Integrated Analytical Workflows for EOR Surveillance, Management & Optimization
Authors: Nazri Syakirin M , Sidek Sulaiman Sidek , Tan Tan Kok , Tang Catherine Tang , Hamzah Haziqah Bt , Bakon Freddy Layang , Haron M Fakhrullah , Chee Louis Chee , Sharim Noor Azima , Yunos Khairil Anuar , Nghia Vo Tri 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Field W is a matured field offshore Sarawak with multiple reservoirs undergoing oil rim management and Immiscible Water Alternate Gas (IWAG) scheme, in addition to rejuvenation of various facilities used for power generation, living quarters, gas export/injection, water injection and oil/gas production. As such, new ways of working are required to ensure the successful of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) redevelopment.
The holistic workflows obtain optimum amount of real-time data information for details calculation, monitoring and analysis in form of maps, charts and tables to allow evaluation, derisking and mitigation of deviation from EOR plans. These integrated solutions consist of two main work groups, 1) EOR Surveillance and 2) EOR Management and Optimization. EOR Surveillance group designed to monitor performance of the production and injection systems (from reservoirs, wells to facilities), to detect deviations from planned targets/performances using simple diagnostic tools and to provide functionalities for EOR and RMP compliance tracking. EOR Management and Optimization group provide advanced analytical tools to diagnose overall EOR performance in each reservoir (pressure, sweep and displacement efficiencies), improve predictive ability of reservoir simulation models and diagnose abnormalities in the context of actual measurements versus long-term production forecast.
Consequence from integration of all information in one medium, the solution helps to; 1) Increase the production and recovery factor through prudent monitoring and total asset optimization. 2) Intelligent alarms and alerts to reduce the unplanned deferment and downtime for continuous asset awareness.3)Increase the operational efficiency through streamlined and automated workflow processes, allows faster informed decisions by highlighting possible related measurable or calculable KPIs as key information for issue analysis from one source supported with required visualization.4) Validated data acquisition and dissemination across the organization to create a collaborative work environment among multiple disciplines and locations, where opportunities for improvement can be analyzed and corrective actions can be undertaken. 5) Remote monitoring of the offshore facilities from the Regional and Central Head Quarter which are thousands of kilometers apart.
This paper aims to showcase the automation of routine workflow by development and deployment of integrated real-time data driven technical workflows, a PETRONAS standard solution for EOR surveillance, management and optimization based on relevant data acquired from appropriate field instrumentations, complemented with defined analytical workflows and advanced collaborative environment.
Experimental Study on the Methane Hydrate Formation in Water-In-Oil Emulsions with Dissolved Wax
Authors: Tong Shikun , Wang Zhiyuan , Xie Kai , Liu Jian , Zhang Jianbo , Fu Weiqi , Sun Baojiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The investigation of the hydrate formation in water-in-oil emulsions with dissolved wax is significant to mitigate hydrate risk with the development of deep water gas filed. Experiments are designed by using high-pressure stirred reactor to simulate hydrate formation under high pressure and low temperature. The characteristics of nucleation time, formation rate decomposition characteristic and hydrate strength under different wax concentrations is studied with the variation of temperature and pressure. Hydrate formation have four stages include initial gas dissolution, then induced nucleation, last mass formation and final anneal time. The mass transfer resistance of hydrate increase as the wax increase at low concentration, which increase the hydrate nucleation time and decrease the gas consumption of hydrate. However, the hydrate nucleation and formation with abundant wax crystals is different than low concentration due to the fragmentation of droplets by wax crystals, which increase the contact area of gas and liquid. Moreover, wax crystal increase the heat transfer resistance during the process of hydrate decomposition, prolong the decomposition time of hydrate, and increase the difficulty of hydrate blockage removal. In addition, hydrate particles alter the adsorption force between hydrate particles and decrease the strength with the wax concentration increase. The work illustrate the characteristic of hydrate formation with dissolved wax, which is significant to design and optimize the hydrate management strategies in the deep water gas field with dissolved wax.