bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide and/or Radiation on the Survival of Clinically Relevant Radioresistant Cells
Authors: Kuwahara Yoshikazu , Tomita Kazuo , Roudkenar Mehryar Habibi , Roushandeh Amaneh Mohammadi , Urushihara Yusuke , Igarashi Kento , Nagasawa Taisuke , Kurimasa Akihiro , Fukumoto Manabu , Sato Tomoaki 
Published: December 2020

Background: Radiation therapy is a highly cost-effective treatment for cancer, but the existence of radio-resistant cells remains the most critical obstacle in radiotherapy. We have been established clinically relevant radioresistant (CRR) cell lines by exposure to a stepwise increase of fractionated X-rays. We are trying to overcome the radio-resistance by analyzing the properties of these cells. In this study, we tried to evaluate the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the CRR cells because this can evaluate the efficacy of Kochi Oxydol-Radiation Therapy for Unresectable Carcinomas (KORTUC) that treats H2O2 before irradiation. We also established H2O2-resistant cells to compare the radiation and H2O2 resistant phenotype. Materials and Methods: We used human cancer cell lines derived from hepatoblastoma (HepG2), oral squamous cell carcinoma (SAS), and cervical cancer (HeLa). We established HepG2, SAS, and HeLa CRR cells and HepG2, SAS, and HeLa H2O2-resistant cells. To evaluate their sensitivity to radiation or H2O2, high-density survival assay, or WST assay was performed. CellROXTM was used to detect intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Results: CRR cells were resistant to H2O2-induced cell death but H2O2-resistant cells were not resistant to irradiation. This phenotype of CRR cells was irreversible. The intracellular ROS was increased in parental cells after H2O2 treatment for 3 h, but in CRR cells, no significant increase was observed. Conclusion: Fractionated X-ray exposure induces H2O2 resistance in CRR cells. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out cancer therapy such as KORTUC with the presence of these resistant cells in mind, and as the next stage, it would be necessary to investigate the appearance rate of these cells immediately and take countermeasures.
Global strategy for the diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Sanchez Lukas Otero , Francoz Claire 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome that complicates the course and worsens clinical outcomes in patients with chronic liver diseases. It is a common complication in hospitalised patients with liver cirrhosis, especially those with decompensated cirrhosis, associated with a high mortality rate. Considering its impact on patient prognosis, efforts should be made to diagnose and tailor therapeutic interventions for AKI at an early stage. In the past decade, a significant progress has been made to understand the key events and define major prognostic factors for the onset and progression of AKI in the cirrhotic population leading hepatologists to redefine the classic definition of hepatorenal syndrome and renal failure in this specific population.
Association of Medical Comorbidities With Objective Functional Impairment in Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease
Authors: Staartjes Victor E. , Joswig Holger , Corniola Marco V. , Schaller Karl , Gautschi Oliver P. , Stienen Martin N. 
Published: December 2020

Study Design: Analysis of a prospective 2-center database. Objectives: Medical comorbidities co-determine clinical outcome. Objective functional impairment (OFI) provides a supplementary dimension of patient assessment. We set out to study whether comorbidities are associated with the presence and degree of OFI in this patient population. Methods: Patients with degenerative diseases of the spine preoperatively performed the timed-up-and-go (TUG) test and a battery of questionnaires. Comorbidities were quantified using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grading. Crude and adjusted linear regression models were fitted. Results: Of 375 included patients, 97 (25.9%) presented at least some degree of medical comorbidity according to the CCI, and 312 (83.2%) according to ASA grading. In the univariate analysis, the CCI was inconsistently associated with OFI. Only patients with low-grade CCI comorbidity displayed significantly higher TUG test times (p = 0.004). In the multivariable analysis, this effect persisted for patients with CCI = 1 (p = 0.030). Regarding ASA grade, patients with ASA = 3 exhibited significantly increased TUG test times (p = 0.003) and t-scores (p = 0.015). This effect disappeared after multivariable adjustment (p = 0.786 and p = 0.969). In addition, subjective functional impairment according to ODI, and EQ5D index was moderately associated with comorbidities according to ASA (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: The degree of medical comorbidities appears only weakly and inconsistently associated with OFI in patients scheduled for degenerative lumbar spine surgery, especially after controlling for potential confounders. TUG testing may be valid even in patients with relatively severe comorbidities who are able to complete the test.
Comparisons of Lumbar Muscle Performance Between Minimally-Invasive and Open Lumbar Fusion Surgery at 1-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Lu Meng-Ling , Cheng Chih-Hsiu , Chen Wen-Chien , Fu Chen-Ju , Niu Chi-Chien 
Published: December 2020

Study Design: Prospective study. Objective: Minimally-invasive lumbar fusion surgery (MIS) is a viable alternative to conventional open surgery (COS) for spinal disorders. Although MIS seems to be associated with less para-spinal muscle trauma, the actual back muscle performance after MIS and COS remain controversial. This study investigated post-operative para-spinal muscle performance, and the correlation between muscle dysfunction and clinical outcome. Methods: In this prospective, non-randomized control study, 50 patients were enrolled and split into 2 groups: COS and MIS. We established a biomechanical model of the para-spinal muscle in the lumbar spine using electromyography (EMG) and specific muscle function tests. Functional outcomes were also reviewed and analyzed. All patients underwent EMG pre-operatively, and at 3 months and 1 year post-operatively. The para-spinal muscle performance was investigated by comparing the back muscle co-contraction ratio and the load transmission zone to the pre-operative data. Results: Twenty-one patients in the COS group and 25 in the MIS group completed the study. Both groups showed a significant improved functional score. The abdominal and back muscle strengths were decreased post-operatively, and were then increased at 12 months post-operatively in both groups. During the perturbed balance task and static task, the MIS group exhibited a trend of recovery in comparison with the COS group. But, the back muscle performance at 12 months was poorer than the pre-op performance in both groups. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in clinical outcome and para-spinal muscle performance between groups. In both methods, the global muscle function had declined post-operatively.
Combined Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair and Anterolateral Ligament Internal Brace Augmentation: Minimum 2-Year Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
Authors: Hopper Graeme P. , Aithie Joanna M.S. , Jenkins Joanne M. , Wilson William T. , Mackay Gordon M. 
Published: December 2020

Background: The anterolateral ligament (ALL) contributes to anterolateral rotational stability of the knee. Internal bracing of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and ALL reinforces the ligaments and encourages natural healing by protecting both during the healing phase and supporting early mobilization. Purpose/Hypothesis: To assess the 2-year patient-reported outcomes of combined ACL repair and ALL internal brace augmentation. We hypothesized that significant improvements in outcomes would be seen. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 43 consecutive patients with acute proximal ACL ruptures were prospectively evaluated for a minimum of 2 years. The mean age at the time of surgery was 25.7 years (range, 13-56 years). Indications for the combined ACL/ALL procedure were associated Segond fractures, grade 3 pivot shift, or high levels of sporting activity. Patients with chronic ruptures or with multiligament injuries were excluded. The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12), and Marx activity scale were collected preoperatively and at 12 and 24 months postoperatively. Patients with any postoperative complications were identified at the time of this analysis. Results: The mean follow-up period was 44.8 months. Five patients were lost to follow-up, leaving 38 patients (88.4%) in the final analysis. The mean KOOS for Pain, Symptoms, Activities of Daily Living, Sport/Recreation, and Quality of Life improved from a respective 64.9, 58.6, 75.0, 33.7, and 28.9 preoperatively to 91.1, 81.8, 96.1, 82.8, and 74.3 at the 2-year follow-up ( P < .0001). The mean WOMAC scores for pain, stiffness, and function improved from 77.5, 65.3, and 75.0 preoperatively to 94.6, 88.6, and 96.0 at the 2-year follow-up ( P < .0001). The VAS pain score improved from 3.4 preoperatively to 0.7 at the 2-year follow-up, and the VR-12 physical score improved from 34.4 preoperatively to 52.7 at the 2-year follow-up ( P < .0001 for both ). However, the Marx activity score decreased from 13.3 preinjury to 10.6 at the 2-year follow-up ( P = .01). Two patients (5.3%) sustained a rerupture. Conclusion: Combined ACL repair and ALL internal brace augmentation demonstrated excellent outcomes in 94.7% of the study patients. Based on our experience with this cohort as well as our isolated ACL repair data, we suggest that high-risk patients with ACL ruptures have an additional ALL procedure to provide rotational stability.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Implantation in Knee Osteoarthritis: Midterm Outcomes and Survival Analysis in 467 Patients
Authors: Kim Yong Sang , Suh Dong Suk , Tak Dae Hyun , Chung Pill Ku , Koh Yong Gon 
Published: December 2020

Background: A cell-based tissue engineering approach that uses mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has addressed the issue of articular cartilage repair in knees with osteoarthritis (OA). Purpose: To evaluate the midterm outcomes, analyze the survival rates, and identify the factors affecting the survival rate of MSC implantation to treat knee OA. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 467 patients (483 knees) who underwent MSC implantation on a fibrin glue scaffold for knee OA with a minimum 5-year follow-up. Clinical outcomes were determined based on the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Tegner activity scale results measured preoperatively and during follow-up. Standard radiographs were evaluated using Kellgren-Lawrence grading. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the survival rate and the effect of different factors on the clinical outcomes. Results: The mean IKDC scores (baseline, 39.2 ± 7.2; 1 year, 66.6 ± 9.6; 3 years, 67.2 ± 9.9; 5 years, 66.1 ± 9.7; 9 years, 62.8 ± 8.5) and Tegner scores (baseline, 2.3 ± 1.0; 1 year, 3.4 ± 0.9; 3 years, 3.5 ± 0.9; 5 years, 3.4 ± 0.9; 9 years, 3.2 ± 0.9) were significantly improved until 3 years postoperatively and gradually decreased from 3- to 9-year follow-up ( P < .05 for all, except for Tegner score at 5 years vs 1 year [ P = .237]). Gradual deterioration of radiological outcomes according to the Kellgren-Lawrence grade was found during follow-up. Survival rates based on either a decrease in IKDC or an advancement of radiographic OA with Kellgren-Lawrence scores were 99.8%, 94.5%, and 74.5% at 5, 7, and 9 years, respectively. Based on multivariate analyses, older age and the presence of bipolar kissing lesion were associated with significantly worse outcomes ( P = .002 and .013, respectively), and a larger number of MSCs was associated with significantly better outcomes ( P < .001) after MSC implantation. Conclusion: MSC implantation provided encouraging outcomes with acceptable duration of symptom relief at midterm follow-up in patients with early knee OA. Patient age, presence of bipolar kissing lesion, and number of MSCs were independent factors associated with failure of MSC implantation.
Development and characterization of a pupal-colour based genetic sexing strain of Anastrepha fraterculus sp. 1 (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Meza José S. , Bourtzis Kostas , Zacharopoulou Antigone , Gariou-Papalexiou Angeliki , Cáceres Carlos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Area-wide integrated pest management programs (AW-IPM) incorporating sterile insect technique (SIT) have been successful in suppressing populations of different fruit fly species during the last six decades. In addition, the development of genetic sexing strains (GSS) for different fruit fly species has allowed for sterile male-only releases and has significantly improved the efficacy and cost effectiveness of the SIT applications. The South American Fruit Fly Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a major agricultural pest attacking several fruit commodities. This impedes international trade and has a significant negative impact on the local economies. Given the importance of sterile male-only releases, the development of a GSS for A. fraterculus would facilitate the implementation of an efficient and cost-effective SIT operational program against this insect pest species.

Results
For potential use in a GSS, three new morphological markers (mutants) were isolated in a laboratory strain of A. fraterculus sp. 1, including the black pupae (bp) gene located on chromosome VI. The black pupa phenotype was used as a selectable marker to develop genetic sexing strains by linking the wild type allele (bp+) to the Y-chromosome -via irradiation to induce a reciprocal Y-autosome translocation. Four GSS were established and one of them, namely GSS-89, showed the best genetic stability and the highest fertility. This strain was selected for further characterization and cytogenetic analysis.

Conclusions
We herein report the development of the first genetic sexing strain of a major agricultural pest, A. fraterculus sp. 1, using as a selectable marker the black pupae genetic locus.
Climate stress resistance in male Queensland fruit fly varies among populations of diverse geographic origins and changes during domestication
Authors: Popa-Báez Ángel-David , Lee Siu Fai , Yeap Heng Lin , Prasad Shirleen S. , Schiffer Michele , Mourant Roslyn G. , Castro-Vargas Cynthia , Edwards Owain R. , Taylor Phillip W. , Oakeshott John G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe highly polyphagous Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoniFroggatt) expanded its range substantially during the twentieth century and is now the most economically important insect pest of Australian horticulture, prompting intensive efforts to develop a Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) control program. Using a “common garden” approach, we have screened for natural genetic variation in key environmental fitness traits among populations from across the geographic range of this species and monitored changes in those traits induced during domestication.ResultsSignificant variation was detected between the populations for heat, desiccation and starvation resistance and wing length (as a measure of body size). Desiccation resistance was correlated with both starvation resistance and wing length. Bioassay data for three resampled populations indicate that much of the variation in desiccation resistance reflects persistent, inherited differences among the populations. No latitudinal cline was detected for any of the traits and only weak correlations were found with climatic variables for heat resistance and wing length. All three stress resistance phenotypes and wing length changed significantly in certain populations with ongoing domestication but there was also a strong population by domestication interaction effect for each trait.ConclusionsEcotypic variation in heat, starvation and desiccation resistance was detected in Australian Qfly populations, and these stress resistances diminished rapidly during domestication. Our results indicate a need to select source populations for SIT strains which have relatively high climatic stress resistance and to minimise loss of that resistance during domestication.
Separating two tightly linked species-defining phenotypes in Bactrocera with hybrid recombinant analysis
Authors: Yeap Heng Lin , Lee Siu Fai , Robinson Freya , Mourant Roslyn G. , Sved John A. , Frommer Marianne , Papanicolaou Alexie , Edwards Owain R. , Oakeshott John G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis mate asynchronously; the former mates exclusively around dusk while the latter mates during the day. The two species also differ in the colour of the post-pronotal lobe (callus), which is predominantly yellow in B. tryoni and brown in B. neohumeralis. We have examined the genetic relationship between the two characters in hybrids, backcrosses and multigeneration hybrid progeny.

Results
Our analysis of the mating time of the parental species revealed that while B. tryoni mate exclusively at dusk, B. neohumeralis females pair with B. neohumeralis males during the day and with B. tryoni males at dusk. We found considerable variance in mating time and callus colour among hybrid backcross individuals of both sexes but there was a strong although not invariant trend for callus colour to co-segregate with mating time in both sexes. To genetically separate these two phenotypes we allowed the interspecific F1 hybrids to propagate for 25 generations (F25) without selection for mating time or callus colour, finding that the advanced hybrid population had moved towards B. tryoni phenotypes for both traits. Selection for day mating in replicate lines at F25 resulted in significant phenotypic shifts in both traits towards B. neohumeralis phenotypes in F26. However, we were unable to completely recover the mating time profile of B. neohumeralis and relaxation of selection for day mating led to a shift back towards dusk mating, but not yellow callus colour, by F35.

Conclusion
We conclude that the inheritance of the two major species-defining traits is separable but tightly linked and involves more than one gene in each case. It also appears that laboratory conditions select for the B. tryoni phenotypes for mating time. We discuss our findings in relation to speciation theory and the likely effects of domestication during the generation of mass release strains for sterile insect control programmes.
Transcriptome analysis of Anastrepha fraterculus sp. 1 males, females, and embryos: insights into development, courtship, and reproduction
Authors: Scannapieco Alejandra Carla , Conte Claudia Alejandra , Rivarola Máximo , Wulff Juan Pedro , Muntaabski Irina , Ribone Andrés , Milla Fabián , Cladera Jorge Luis , Lanzavecchia Silvia Beatriz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Anastrepha fraterculus sp. 1 is considered a quarantine pest in several American countries. Since chemical control applied in an integrated pest management program is the only strategy utilized against this pest, the development of pesticide-free methods, such as the Sterile Insect Technique, is being considered. The search for genes involved in sex-determination and differentiation, and in metabolic pathways associated with communication and mating behaviour, contributes with key information to the development of genetic control strategies. The aims of this work were to perform a comprehensive analysis of A. fraterculus sp. 1 transcriptome and to obtain an initial evaluation of genes associated with main metabolic pathways by the expression analysis of specific transcripts identified in embryos and adults.

Results
Sexually mature adults of both sexes and 72 h embryos were considered for transcriptome analysis. The de novo transcriptome assembly was fairly complete (62.9% complete BUSCO orthologs detected) with a total of 86,925 transcripts assembled and 28,756 GO annotated sequences. Paired-comparisons between libraries showed 319 transcripts differently expressed between embryos and females, 1242 between embryos and males, and 464 between sexes. Using this information and genes searches based on published studies from other tephritid species, we evaluated a set of transcripts involved in development, courtship and metabolic pathways. The qPCR analysis evidenced that the early genes serendipity alpha and transformer-2 displayed similar expression levels in the analyzed stages, while heat shock protein 27 is over-expressed in embryos and females in comparison to males. The expression of genes associated with courtship (takeout-like, odorant-binding protein 50a1) differed between males and females, independently of their reproductive status (virgin vs mated individuals). Genes associated with metabolic pathways (maltase 2-like, androgen-induced gene 1) showed differential expression between embryos and adults. Furthermore, 14,262 microsatellite motifs were identified, with 11,208 transcripts containing at least one simple sequence repeat, including 48% of di/trinucleotide motifs.

Conclusion
Our results significantly expand the available gene space of A. fraterculus sp. 1, contributing with a fairly complete transcript database of embryos and adults. The expression analysis of the selected candidate genes, along with a set of microsatellite markers, provides a valuable resource for further genetic characterization of A. fraterculus sp. 1 and supports the development of specific genetic control strategies.
Increase in foreign body and harmful substance ingestion and associated complications in children: a retrospective study of 1199 cases from 2005 to 2017
Authors: Speidel Arne Jorma , Wölfle Lena , Mayer Benjamin , Posovszky Carsten 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Children with a history of caustic or foreign body ingestion (FBI) seem to be presenting more frequently to emergency departments. This study aims to elucidate the clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, and complications associated with the ingestion of different object categories over a 13-year time period.

Methods
A structured retrospective data analysis of patients who presented between January 2005 and December 2017 to the University Medical Centre Ulm was performed. Patients up to 17 years of age with food impaction or foreign body or harmful substance ingestion were included by selection of the corresponding International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD10-GM) codes. Descriptive statistics, parametric or non-parametric tests, and linear regression analysis were performed.

Result
In total, 1199 patients were analysed; the mean age was 3.3 years (SD 3.12; range 7 days to 16 years), the male to female ratio was 1.15:1, and 194 (16.2%) were hospitalized. The number of patients seen annually increased from 66 in 2005 to 119 in 2017, with a rise in percentage of all emergency patients from 0.82% in 2010 to 1.34% in 2017. The majority of patients (n = 619) had no symptoms, and 244 out of 580 symptomatic patients complained of retching or vomiting. Most frequently, ingested objects were coins (18.8%). Radiopaque objects accounted for 47.6%, and sharp objects accounted for 10.5% of the ingested foreign bodies, both of which were significantly more often ingested by girls (p < 0.001 for both). Button battery ingestion was recorded for 63 patients with a significant annual increase (R2 = 0.57; β = 0.753; p = 0.003). The annual rate of complications also increased significantly (R2 = 0.42; β = 0.647; p = 0.017).

Conclusion
We found an alarming increase in the number of children who presented to our emergency department with FBI and associated complications. A standardized diagnostic and therapeutic approach may reduce and prevent serious complications. Further preventive measures within the home environment are needed to stop this trend.