bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticles Loaded with Wnt and YAP/Mevalonate Inhibitors in Combination with Paclitaxel Stop the Growth of TNBC Patient‐Derived Xenografts and Diminish Tumorigenesis
Authors: Sulaiman Andrew , McGarry Sarah , El‐Sahli Sara , Li Li , Chambers Jason , Phan Alexandra , Al‐Kadi Emil , Kahiel Zaina , Farah Eliya , Ji Guang , Lee Seung‐Hwan , Inampudi Krishna K. , Alain Tommy , Li Xuguang , Liu Sheng , Han Xianghui , Zheng Peiyong , Liu Zhen , Gadde Suresh , Wang Lisheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for the majority of breast cancer‐related deaths and remains the hardest breast cancer to treat due to the lack of specific therapeutic targets. While chemotherapy is the mainstay of systemic treatment for TNBC, it is associated with chemotherapy‐induced cancer stem cells (CSCs) and tumor regeneration. Here, it is found that Wnt and YAP target genes that have been closely associated with CSCs are highly expressed in TNBC patient tumors and negatively correlated with patient survival. Therefore, a nanotherapeutic strategy is employed, using nanomaterials that are approved by the FDA, and two co‐delivery nanoparticle platforms (NPs) are developed to target TNBC. These NPs contain Wnt inhibitor PRI‐724 (in clinical trials) and YAP/mevalonate inhibitor simvastatin (FDA‐approved). Toward clinical translation, nanotherapeutic efficacy is assessed in clinically relevant patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models. These NPs in combination with the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel effectively halt the growth of both paclitaxel‐resistant and paclitaxel‐sensitive PDX tumors, and diminish the paclitaxel‐induced CSC enrichment around two to fourfold. Importantly, NPs also decrease the paclitaxel‐enhanced PDX tumorigenesis after secondary transplantation. Together, this study demonstrates the efficacy of two NP platforms using clinically translatable TNBC PDX models, suggesting their application potential for the treatment of TNBC.
Evaluation of silica content in winter wheat chaff
Authors: Carter A. H. , Rath B. B. , Gorzkowski E. P. , Qadri S. B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere has been growing interest in finding alternative markets for excess field wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chaff residue. Recent studies indicate wheat chaff contains an abundant amount of silica (SiO2) in the amorphous state along with hydrocarbons. We examined the chemical composition of wheat chaff of four winter wheat cultivars with an emphasis on silicon content. After sample preparation, high resolution X‐ray diffraction and fluorescence were used to determine the amount of Si found in wheat chaff. Heat treatments were also applied to convert SiO2 to silicon carbide (SiC), which can be used in industrial nanoparticles and electronics. We found that the four wheat cultivars tested have differing amounts of Si in the chaff. Those with high amounts of Si can have the Si converted, through a simple heat‐treatment process, to SiC. Although research needs to be expanded to test additional cultivars and examine environmental influences, our results point to an interesting potential for the use of excess wheat chaff residue.
Fullerene‐Based Conducting Polymers:n‐Dopable Materials for Charge Storage Application
Authors: Grądzka Emilia , Wysocka‐Żołopa Monika , Winkler Krzysztof 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article provides a comprehensive review of research related to the formation and electrochemical properties of fullerene‐based conducting polymeric materials. The paper begins with an overview of composites containing fullerenes incorporated into the network of a conducting polymer through van der Walls, electrostatic, or guest–host interactions. The properties of these composites are generally a superposition of the properties of the individual components. More attention is devoted to the structures in which fullerene is covalently incorporated into the polymeric network. These structures are generally divided into i) fullerene homopolymers, ii) side chain fullerene polymers, and iii) in‐chain fullerene polymers. The procedures used to form these macromolecular structures and assess their conductivity and electrochemical activity are described. Special attention is paid to the description of the electron propagation mechanism within these materials. At the end of this Review, the capacitance performance of fullerene‐based conducting polymeric materials are described. A range of their potential applications in charge storage devices is highlighted. The Review concludes with a brief review and personal perspectives on the future directions of research into fullerene‐based polymeric materials.
Clinical Informatics Training During Emergency Medicine Residency: The University of Michigan Experience
Authors: Turer Robert W. , Arribas Miguel , Balgord Sarah M. , Brooks Stephanie , Hopson Laura R. , Bassin Benjamin S. , Medlin Richard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractClinical informatics (CI) is a rich field with longstanding ties to resident education in many clinical specialties, although a historic gap persists in emergency medicine. To address this gap, we developed a CI track to facilitate advanced training for senior residents at our 4‐year emergency medicine residency. We piloted an affordable project‐based approach with strong ties to operational leadership at our institution and describe specific projects and their outcomes. Given the relatively low cost, departmental benefit, and unique educational value, we believe that our model is generalizable to many emergency medicine residencies. We present a pathway to defining a formal curriculum using Kern's framework.
Long‐term in‐season grain sorghum and soybean response to tillage and nitrogen management
Authors: Sweeney Daniel W. , Ruiz‐Diaz Dorivar A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInformation on tillage and N management is limited regarding in‐season N uptake by grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and growth of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] on claypan soils in the eastern Great Plains. The objective of this study was to determine the 20‐yr effects of tillage (conventional, reduced, and no‐till) and N fertilization (no‐N control; knifed anhydrous NH3; broadcast urea–ammonium nitrate solution, UAN; and broadcast dry urea) on grain sorghum N uptake and soybean biomass and their relationship to long‐term yields of those crops grown on a claypan soil. Nitrogen uptake at the boot stage during the first 10‐yr period was more than 20% greater with either conventional or reduced tillage compared with no‐till, and often greater with anhydrous NH3 and urea N sources than with UAN solution or the no‐N control. During the second 10‐yr period, N uptake was generally greater with conventional and reduced tillage than with no‐till at the 9‐leaf stage, but this response did not persist to the boot stage. Anhydrous NH3 often resulted in greater N uptake at both the 9‐leaf and boot stages compared with the other N sources. The relative yield increases with N uptake at the boot stage appeared due to increasing kernels head−1 but diminished as uptake exceeded 70−80 kg N ha−1. Although dry matter measured at the R2 growth stage of soybean rotationally grown in even‐numbered years was about 10% greater with tilled options than with no‐till, biomass was not related to yield increases.
Recent Progress in the C−N Bond Formation via High‐Valent Group 9 Cp*M(III)‐Catalyzed Directed sp2 C−H Activation
Authors: Sk Md Raja , Bera Sourav Sekhar , Basuli Suchand , Metya Abhisek , Maji Modhu Sudan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe presence of nitrogen atom in a wide variety of organic compounds called for the use of powerful C−H activation strategy in the C−N bond formation. Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) based, high‐valent, group 9 transition‐metal complexes have shown a great potential as catalysts in the C−H activation/functionalization over the years. This minireview summarizes recent progress made in the context of C−N bond formation via catalytic (sp2)C−H activation with Cp*M(III) (M=Co, Rh and Ir) catalysts. A general plausible mechanism is briefly discussed at the beginning, and then results are arranged according to metal cobalt, rhodium and iridium, respectively.
Intraoperative angiography with indocyanine green injection for precise localization and resection of small bowel bleeding
Authors: Kawachi Jun , Ogino Hidemitsu , Shimoyama Rai , Ichita Chikamasa , Isogai Naoko , Murata Takaaki , Miyake Katsunori , Nishida Tomoki , Fukai Ryuta , Kashiwagi Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2020

AimBleeding in the small bowel rarely occurs, and its treatment is challenging. Surgery is sometimes required in unstable patients; however, intraoperative identification of the bleeding site is extremely difficult. Many methods have been reported, but no standard strategy has been established yet. Here, we aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of intraoperative angiography with indocyanine green staining to accurately identify small bowel bleeding sites.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed contrast‐enhanced computed tomography images of patients (n = 8) with small bowel extravasation who underwent surgery. If extravasation or other vessel abnormalities that were potential bleeding sites were detected on intraoperative angiography, a microcatheter was placed as close as possible to the extravasation site. Laparotomy was carried out, and 3–5 mL indocyanine green was injected through the microcatheter. The green‐stained segment of the small bowel was resected.ResultsSeven of the eight patients had positive angiographic findings and underwent bowel resection. The eighth patient had no abnormalities and hence did not undergo laparotomy. The rate of hemostatic success among the resected cases was 85.7% (six of seven cases). The resected specimens showed pathologic features in six of the seven patients (85.7%), all of whom achieved hemostasis. One patient had pneumonia and congestive heart failure that required longer hospital stay, but no mortality occurred.ConclusionsIntraoperative angiography with indocyanine green injection, followed by resection for massive small bowel bleeding is effective. This can be a therapeutic option for hemodynamically unstable patients.
Drug‐Like Properties in Macrocycles above MW 1000: Backbone Rigidity versus Side‐Chain Lipophilicity
Authors: Furukawa Akihiro , Schwochert Joshua , Pye Cameron R. , Asano Daigo , Edmondson Quinn D. , Turmon Alexandra C. , Klein Victoria G. , Ono Satoshi , Okada Okimasa , Lokey R. Scott 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLarge macrocyclic peptides can achieve surprisingly high membrane permeability, although the properties that govern permeability in this chemical space are only beginning to come into focus. We generated two libraries of cyclic decapeptides with stable cross‐β conformations, and found that peptoid substitutions within the β‐turns of the macrocycle preserved the rigidity of the parent scaffold, whereas peptoid substitutions in the opposing β‐strands led to “chameleonic” species that were rigid in nonpolar media but highly flexible in water. Both rigid and chameleonic compounds showed high permeability over a wide lipophilicity range, with peak permeabilities differing significantly depending on scaffold rigidity. Our findings indicate that modulating lipophilicity can be used to engineer favorable ADME properties into both rigid and flexible macrocyclic peptides, and that scaffold rigidity can be used to tune optimal lipophilicity.
High‐Density and Thermally Stable Palladium Single‐Atom Catalysts for Chemoselective Hydrogenations
Authors: Ma Ying , Ren Yujing , Zhou Yanan , Liu Wei , Baaziz Walid , Ersen Ovidiu , Pham‐Huu Cuong , Greiner Mark , Chu Wei , Wang Aiqin , Zhang Tao , Liu Yuefeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) have shown superior activity and/or selectivity for many energy‐ and environment‐related reactions, but their stability at high site density and under reducing atmosphere remains unresolved. Herein, we elucidate the intrinsic driving force of a Pd single atom with high site density (up to 5 wt %) under reducing atmosphere, and its unique catalytic performance for hydrogenation reactions. In situ experiments and calculations reveal that Pd atoms tend to migrate into the surface vacancy‐enriched MoC surface during the carburization process by transferring oxide crystals to carbide crystals, leading to the surface enrichment of atomic Pd instead of formation of particles. The Pd1/α‐MoC catalyst exhibits high activity and excellent selectivity for liquid‐phase hydrogenation of substituted nitroaromatics (>99 %) and gas‐phase hydrogenation of CO2 to CO (>98 %). The Pd1/α‐MoC catalyst could endure up to 400 °C without any observable aggregation of single atoms.
Gas‐Phase Ion Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Tailor‐made Rhodamine Homo‐ and Heterodyads: Quenching of Electronic Communication by π‐Conjugated Linkers
Authors: Petersen Anne Ugleholdt , Kjær Christina , Jensen Cecilie , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens , Brøndsted Nielsen Steen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile many key photophysical features are understood for electronic communication between chromophores in neutral compounds, there is limited information on the effect of charges in practically relevant ionic chromo/fluorophores. Here we have chosen positively charged rhodamines and prepared a selection of homo‐ and heterodimers with alkyl or π‐conjugated, acetylenic bridges. Protonated molecules were transferred as isolated ions to gas phase where there is no solvent screening of charges, and fluorescence spectra were measured with a custom‐made ion‐trap setup. Our work reveals strong polarization of the π‐spacer (induced dipole/quadrupole) when it experiences the electric field from one/ two dyes. Hence, π‐spacers provide efficient shielding of charges by reducing the Coulomb interaction, whereas two dye cations polarize each other when connected by an alkyl. The screening influences the Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency that relies on the dipole–dipole interaction.
Discovery of a Cryptic Depsipeptide from Streptomyces ghanaensis via MALDI‐MS‐Guided High‐Throughput Elicitor Screening
Authors: Zhang Chen , Seyedsayamdost Mohammad R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMicrobial genomes harbor an abundance of biosynthetic gene clusters, but most are expressed at low levels and need to be activated for characterization of their cognate natural products. In this work, we report the combination of high‐throughput elicitor screening (HiTES) with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) for the rapid identification of cryptic peptide natural products. Application to Streptomyces ghanaensis identified amygdalin as an elicitor of a novel non‐ribosomal peptide, which we term cinnapeptin. Complete structural elucidation revealed cinnapeptin as a cyclic depsipeptide with an unusual 2‐methyl‐cinnamoyl group. Insights into its biosynthesis were provided by whole genome sequencing and gene deletion studies, while bioactivity assays showed antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria and fission yeast. MALDI‐HiTES is a broadly applicable tool for the discovery of cryptic peptides encoded in microbial genomes.
Solar‐Driven Nitrogen Fixation Catalyzed by Stable Radical‐Containing MOFs: Improved Efficiency Induced by a Structural Transformation
Authors: Hu Kong‐Qiu , Qiu Peng‐Xiang , Zeng Li‐Wen , Hu Shu‐Xian , Mei Lei , An Shu‐Wen , Huang Zhi‐Wei , Kong Xiang‐He , Lan Jian‐Hui , Yu Ji‐Pan , Zhang Zhi‐Hui , Xu Zhong‐Fei , Gibson John K. , Chai Zhi‐Fang , Bu Yun‐Fei , Shi Wei‐Qun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHerein we present a new viologen‐based radical‐containing metal–organic framework (RMOF) Gd‐IHEP‐7, which upon heating in air undergoes a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation to generate Gd‐IHEP‐8. Both RMOFs exhibit excellent air and water stability as a result of favorable radical‐radical interactions, and their long‐lifetime radicals result in wide spectral absorption in the range 200–2500 nm. Gd‐IHEP‐7 and Gd‐IHEP‐8 show excellent activity toward solar‐driven nitrogen fixation, with ammonia production rates of 128 and 220 μmol h−1 g−1, respectively. Experiments and theoretical calculations indicate that both RMOFs have similar nitrogen fixation pathways. The enhanced catalytic efficiency of Gd‐IHEP‐8 versus Gd‐IHEP‐7 is attributed to intermediates stabilized by enhanced hydrogen bonding.
Fabrication of oil‐ and water‐resistant paper without creating microplastics on disposal
Authors: Kansal Dhwani , Rabnawaz Muhammad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe proliferation of microplastics in the ocean and other water bodies is becoming an alarming issue. The development of plastic‐free water‐ and oil‐resistant paper can contribute toward mitigating this problem. Herein we report a plastic‐free paper coating derived from chitosan and sunflower oil. Chitosan grafted sunflower oil paper coatings were prepared via the ring opening of the partially epoxidized sunflower oil with chitosan. The product of these reactions was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy techniques. The sunflower oil grafted chitosan solution was coated onto a Kraft paper. The Cobb 60 and kit rating values were determined to be 8.00 g/m2 and 7.66, respectively, for the optimal formulations. Meanwhile, the water contact angle was found to be 94.0 ± 1.6° after 30 s. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was employed to gain insight regarding the changes that occurred on the paper surface at the microscopic level.
Effects of current and future climates on the growth dynamics and distributions of two riverine fishes
Authors: Allen‐Ankins Slade , Stoffels Rick J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

To facilitate conservation planning, there is a need for improved confidence in forecasts of climate change impacts on species distributions. Towards that end, there have been calls for the development of process‐based models to test hypotheses concerning the mechanisms by which temperature shapes distribution and to corroborate forecasts of correlative models.
Models of temperature‐dependent growth (TDG) were developed for two Australian riverine blackfishes with disjunct longitudinal distributions: Gadopsis marmoratus (occupies lower, warmer elevations) and Gadopsis bispinosus (occupies higher, cooler elevations). The models were used to (a) predict blackfish monthly and annual growth dynamics under current and future climate scenarios within different elevation bands of their current distribution, and (b) test the hypothesis that, under the current climate, the distributions of each species would be positively correlated with predicted TDG.
Increases in mean annual growth were forecast for both species under all warming scenarios, across all elevation bands. Both species currently occupy annual habitat temperatures below those optimal for growth. Under certain warming scenarios, the predicted increases in annual growth belie forecasts of within‐year dynamics that may interact with the phenology of blackfish to impair recruitment.
There was not a significant positive linear relationship between predicted TDG and observed abundance among river segments for either species. Both species were strongly under‐represented where annual growth rates were forecast to be optimal and over‐represented where growth rates were forecast to be intermediate.
Confidence in forecasts of climate change impacts based on correlative models will increase when those forecasts are consistent with a mechanistic understanding of how specific drivers (e.g. water temperature) affect processes (e.g. growth). This process‐based study revealed surprises concerning how future climates may affect fish growth dynamics, showing that although the blackfish distributions are correlated with temperature the temperature‐dependent mechanisms underpinning that correlation require further investigation.
Branching morphogenesis as a driver of renal development
Authors: Short Kieran M. , Smyth Ian M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBranching morphogenesis is an integral developmental mechanism central to the formation of a range of organs including the kidney, lung, pancreas and mammary gland. The ramified networks of epithelial tubules it establishes are critical for the processes of secretion, excretion and exchange mediated by these tissues. In the kidney, branching serves to establish the collecting duct system that transports urine from the nephrons into the renal pelvis, ureter and finally the bladder. Generally speaking, the formation of these networks in different organs begins with the specification and differentiation of simple bud‐like organ anlage, which then undergo a process of elaboration, typically by bifurcation. This process is often governed by the interaction of progenitor cells at the tips of the epithelia with neighboring mesenchymal cell populations which direct the branching process and which often themselves differentiate to form part of the adult organ. In the kidney, the tips of ureteric bud elaborate through a dynamic cell signaling relationship with overlying nephron progenitor cell populations. These cells sequentially commit to differentiation and the resulting nephrons reintegrate with the ureteric epithelium as development progresses. This review will describe recent advances in understanding the how the elaboration of the ureteric bud is patterned and consider the extent to which this process is shared with other organs.
A lower psoas muscle index predicts a poorer prognosis in metastatic hormone‐naïve prostate cancer
Authors: Iwamoto Genta , Kawahara Takashi , Miyai Toshitaka , Yasui Masato , Hasumi Hisashi , Miyoshi Yasuhide , Yao Masahiro , Uemura Hiroji 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionA recent investigation revealed that sarcopenia was associated with a poorer prognosis in some solid malignancies, including prostate cancer. In most reports, sarcopenia was defined as a low psoas volume on CT. This study investigated the association of sarcopenia, determined according to the psoas muscle volume and density on CT, with the prognosis in patients with metastatic hormone‐naïve prostate cancer (mHNPC).MethodsA total of 66 patients initially diagnosed with mHNPC were enrolled in this study. Skeletal muscle was evaluated according to the psoas muscle index density (PMID) on computed tomography scans. The psoas muscle volume was calculated at the level of L3 and CT density was evaluated as the mean CT density at the psoas muscle area. We divided the patients into higher and lower PMID groups.ResultsThe lower PMID group (on both sides) showed a poorer overall survival than the higher PMID group (Right: 32.5 vs 99.0 months in Rt PMID, P = .014; Left: 36.0 vs 100.0 months in Lt PMID, P = .029). The lower PMID group (on both sides) showed a shorter time to CRPC (Right: 9.0 vs 42.0 months in Rt PMID, P = .006; Left: 9.0 vs 31.0 months in Lt PMID, P = .005). A multivariate analysis showed that lower Rt PMID and Lt PMID were independent risk factors for poorer OS (HR:2.02, 95%CI: 1.04‐3.90, P = .037, HR:2.29, 95%CI: 1.18‐4.47, P = .015, respectively). For CRPC, both Rt and Lt lower PMID also showed independent risk factors for shorter time to CRPC (HR:2.39, 95%CI: 1.23‐4.62, P = .010, HR:2.43, 95%CI: 1.23‐4.78, P = .010, respectively).ConclusionsAmong mHNPC patients, both lower PMID groups showed a poorer overall survival and shorter time to CRPC than the higher PMID groups.