bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ Raman Spectroscopic Observation of Polymer Chains in Semi-Crystalline Polyethylene Solids
Authors: Hiejima Yusuke , Kida Takumitsu , Nitta Koh-hei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

In situ Raman spectroscopy is applied for polyethylene solid under various environments to elucidate the morphological and conformational changes. The trans conformation retains up to higher temperature for high-density polyethylene, reflecting higher stability of the orthorhombic crystals composed of stacked trans chains. It is suggested that the conversion of the non-crystalline trans chains to the crystalline phase is the microscopic origin of thermal history in the crystallinity, whereas the transformation between the trans and gauche conformers is practically in thermal equilibrium. Microscopic and dynamic mechanism of deformation during uniaxial stretching is investigated for the molecular orientation and the microscopic load sharing on the crystalline and amorphous chains. Lower crystallinity results in smoother and higher orientation toward the stretching direction, as well as higher load on the amorphous chains, during tensile elongation.
Resting State BOLD Variability of the Posterior Medial Temporal Lobe Correlates with Cognitive Performance in Older Adults with and without Risk for Cognitive Decline
Authors: Good Tyler J. , Villafuerte Joshua , Ryan Jennifer D. , Grady Cheryl L. , Barense Morgan D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLocal brain signal variability [SD of the BOLD signal (SDBOLD]] correlates with age and cognitive performance, and recently differentiated Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients from healthy controls. However, it is unknown whether changes to SDBOLDprecede diagnosis of AD or mild cognitive impairment. We compared ostensibly healthy older adult humans who scored below the recommended threshold on the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and who showed reduced medial temporal lobe (MTL) volume in a previous study (“at-risk” group,n = 20), with healthy older adults who scored within the normal range on the MoCA (“control” group,n = 20). Using multivariate partial least-squares analysis we assessed the correlations between SDBOLDand age, MoCA score, global fractional anisotropy, global mean diffusivity, and four cognitive factors. Greater SDBOLDin the MTL and occipital cortex positively correlated with performance on cognitive control/speed tasks but negatively correlated with memory scores in the control group. These relations were weaker in the at-risk group. Apost hocanalysis assessed associations between MTL volumes and SDBOLDin both groups. This revealed a negative correlation, most robust in the at-risk group, between MTL SDBOLDand MTL subregion volumetry, particularly the entorhinal and parahippocampal regions. Together, these results suggest that the association between SDBOLDand cognition differs between the at-risk and control groups, which may be because of lower MTL volumes in the at-risk group. Our data indicate relations between MTL SDBOLDand cognition may be helpful in understanding brain differences in individuals who may be at risk for further cognitive decline.
Hatay’da PM10 ve SO2 Düzeyi ve Değişimleri, 2007-2017
Authors: Azboy Nesrullah , İNANDI Tacettin , ELTAŞ Mehtap Canciğer 
Published: March 2020

Amaç:Hava kalitesi sağlığın en önemli belirleyicilerindendir. Hava kirliliği başta kanserler, kalp
damar hastalıkları, solunum ve sinir sistemi hastalıkları olmak üzere çok
sayıda hastalık için risk faktörüdür. Çalışmanın amacı Hatay’da hava
kalitesini PM10 ve SO2 üzerinden yıllar itibarı ile değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmanın verileri Antakya ve İskenderun’da rutin ölçüm yapan hava
kalitesi izlem istasyonların 2007 ve 2017 yılları arasındaki yaptığı
ölçümlerden elde edildi. Yılın en az %75 gününde ölçüm yapılan veriler çalışmaya
dâhil edildi. Veriler http://www.havaizleme.gov.tr/ sunucusundan 24 saatlik
ortalamalar yıllara ve aylara göre analiz edildi.Bulgular: PM10; Tüm yılların
ortanca PM10 değeri 53 (min:0-max:995)µg/m3, ortalaması ise 66,6±53,4 µg/m3’dır. Ölçüm yapılan
günler içinde, limit
aşımı Antakya’da % 67,1,
İskenderun’da %24,7 olmak üzere, genel ortalamada %54,3’tür. Limit aşımı en fazla %94,4 ile 2017 yılı iken, aylara göre ise %72,4 ile
Şubat ayıdır. SO2; Tüm verilerin ortanca SO2 değeri 7(min:0-max:316)µg/m3’tür. Günlük
SO2 ölçümlerinin %15,6’sında limit aşımı olmuştur. Antakya’da
SO2 limit aşımı %11,6, İskenderun’da %22,3’tür.Yıllara göre en fazla
limit aşımı %26,4 ile 2015 yılı, aylara göre ise %41,9 ile Aralık ayıdır.Sonuç: Antakya
ve İskenderun’da dış ortam havası kirlidir. Hava kalitesinde yıllar itibarı ile
önemli bir iyileşme görülmemektedir. Hava kalitesini DSÖ’nün değerlerine yükseltebilmek
için sorumlu sektörler başta olmak üzere, toplumun tüm kesimlerinde farkındalık
ve duyarlılık geliştirici çalışmalar gereklidir.
Different methods of basic preparation of soil after fish pond on the reclaimed lands of Astrakhan region
Authors: Sokolov A. S. , Sokolova G. F. 
Published: March 2020

Relevance and methods. The article presents the results of research of various methods of basic soil preparation for melons planting for commercial purposes after a fish pond. The trial scheme covered the study of two variants: dumped tillage single-furrow plow (traditional), used to proceed in the farming unit, and sweep blade tillage with subsurface plow (proposed). In the course of scientific research there were determined agrophysical properties of soil, moisture content, contamination of crops (weediness), yielding capacity and profitability.Results. It was found that the lowest bulk density of soil of 1.12 and 1.15 t/m3 was in the layers of 0.0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m after carrying out of the dumped tillage. When carrying out sweep blade tillage, the bulk density of soil of 1.17 t/m3 was obtained only in the upper layer of 0.0-0.1 m, in subsequent layers the value of bulk density of soil significantly increased from 1.44 (0.1-0.2 m) to 1.56 t/m3 (0.3-0.4 m). On average the indicators of natural soil moisture were in 1.2-1.3 times higher, and the deposit of moisture was in 1.1-1.5 times higher in the variant with subsurface plow treatment of the soil. For the melon crops cultivated according to traditional technology, there was a significant decrease in 1.8 times of the number of weeds and in 1.7 -times of their raw weight, compared with the proposed technology. The yielding capacity of melon of Lada variety was 43.9 t/ha according to the traditional technology, and 48.4 t/ha according to the proposed technology, profitability was 161.3% and 185.8% respectively.
PROGNOSTIC FACTORS OF SEVERE DENGUE INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Baiduri Senja , Husada Dominicius , Puspitasari Dwiyanti , Kartina Leny , Basuki Parwati Setiono , Ismoedijanto Ismoedijanto 
Published: March 2020

The incidence of dengue fever increase annually and can increase morbidity and mortality. Dengue fever is mosquito-borne disease and caused by one of four serotype dengue viruses. Severe dengue is characterized either by plasma leakage, fluid accumulation, respiratory distress, severe bleeding, or organ impairment. Mortality and serious morbidity of dengue were caused by several factors including the late recognition of the disease and the changing of clinical signs and symptoms. Understanding the prognostic factors in severe dengue will give early warning to physician thus decreasing the morbidity and mortality, and also improving the treatment and disease management. The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic factors of severe dengue infection in children. This study was observational cohort study in children (2 months-18 years) with dengue infection according to WHO 2009 criteria which admitted in Soetomo and Soewandhie Hospital Surabaya. Analysis with univariate, bivariate and multivariate with IBM SPSS Statistic 17. All patients were confirmed by serologic marker (NS-1 or IgM/IgG Dengue). Clinical and laboratory examination such as complete blood count, aspartate aminotrasnferase (AST), alanine aminotrasferase (ALT), albumin, and both partial trombocite time and activated partial trombosit time (PTT and aPPT) were analyzed comparing nonsevere dengue and severe dengue patients. There were 40 subjects innonsevere and 27 subjects with severe dengue infection. On bivariate analysis, there were significant differences of nutritional status, abdominal pain, petechiae, pleural effusion, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, history of transfusion, increasing AST>3x, prolonged PPT and APTT between severe and nonsevere dengue group. After multivariate analyzed, the prognostic factors of severe dengue were overweight/obesity (p=0.003, RR 94), vomiting (p=0.02, RR 13.3), hepatomegaly (p=0.01, RR=69.4), and prolonged APTT (p=0.005, RR=43.25). In conclusion, overweight/obesity, vomiting, hepatomegaly, and prolonged APTT were prognostic factors in severe dengue infection in children.Those factors should be monitored closely in order to reduce the mortality and serious morbidity.
Vascular changes of the head and neck
Authors: Krasiński Zbigniew , Krasińska Aleksandra 
Published: March 2020

Many types of vascular changes on the face can be treated after proper diagnosis in such a way as to take into account the behavior of the aesthetic appearance. There are many different congenital vascular lesions in the skin, but they are mainly vascular malformations and hemangiomas. The paper presents the characteristics of changes and therapeutic options.
Legal Liability for Returning Firearms to Suicidal Persons Who Voluntarily Surrender Them in 50 US States
Authors: Gibbons Molly J. , Fan Mary D. , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali , Rivara Frederick P. 
Published: March 2020

Temporary transfers of firearms from suicidal persons is a strategy to reduce the incidence of suicide deaths. We discuss a barrier to the effective operation of voluntary temporary firearm transfer laws: the dearth of guidance on the liability for returning firearms to persons who voluntarily surrender them. We examine the laws of all 50 US states that regulate temporary surrenders of firearms and evaluate whether any provisions govern liability for returning temporarily surrendered firearms. Although 14 states create background check exceptions to permit temporary transfers of firearms from an owner to family, friends, retailers, or law enforcement, no states prescribe procedures for returning those firearms.ability for returning the firearms to people who voluntarily surrendered them. We recommend amending state laws to clarify the process and liability for returning temporarily surrendered firearms to the original owner. Such amendments would be intended to mitigate the potential chilling effect that lack of clarity and presumption of liability may impose on efficiently reducing firearm access to protect firearm owners at risk for suicide.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration at 50: Protecting Workers in a Changing Economy
Authors: Michaels David , Barab Jordan 
Published: March 2020

The passage of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 brought unprecedented changes in US workplaces, and the activities of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) have contributed to a significant reduction in work-related deaths, injuries, and illnesses. Despite this, millions of workers are injured annually, and thousands killed. To reduce the toll, OSHA needs greater resources, a new standard-setting process, increased civil and criminal penalties, full coverage for all workers, and stronger whistleblower protections. Workers should not be injured or made sick by their jobs. To eliminate work injuries and illnesses, we must remake and modernize OSHA and restructure the relationship of employers and workers with the agency and each other. This includes changing the expectation of what employers must do to protect workers and implementing a requirement that firms have a “duty of care” to protect all people who may be harmed by their activities. Only by making major changes can we ensure that every worker leaves work as healthy as they were when their work shift began.
Evaluating the impact of the weather conditions on the influenza propagation
Authors: Singh David E. , Marinescu Maria-Cristina , Carretero Jesus , Delgado-Sanz Concepcion , Gomez-Barroso Diana , Larrauri Amparo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Predicting the details of how an epidemic evolves is highly valuable as health institutions need to better plan towards limiting the infection propagation effects and optimizing their prediction and response capabilities. Simulation is a cost- and time-effective way of predicting the evolution of the infection as the joint influence of many different factors: interaction patterns, personal characteristics, travel patterns, meteorological conditions, previous vaccination, etc. The work presented in this paper extends EpiGraph, our influenza epidemic simulator, by introducing a meteorological model as a modular component that interacts with the rest of EpiGraph's modules to refine our previous simulation results. Our goal is to estimate the effects of changes in temperature and relative humidity on the patterns of epidemic influenza based on data provided by the Spanish Influenza Sentinel Surveillance System (SISSS) and the Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET). Methods: Our meteorological model is based on the regression model developed by Barreca and Shimshack, and it is tuned with influenza surveillance data obtained from SISSS. After pre-processing this data to clean it and reconstruct missing samples, we obtain new values for the reproduction number of each urban region in Spain, every 10 minutes during 2011. We simulate the propagation of the influenza by setting the date of the epidemic onset and the initial influenza-illness rates for each urban region. Results: We show that the simulation results have the same propagation shape as the weekly influenza rates as recorded by SISSS. We perform experiments for a realistic scenario based on actual meteorological data from 2010-2011, and for synthetic values assumed under simplified predicted climate change conditions. Results show that a diminishing relative humidity of 10\% produces an increment of about 1.6\% in the final infection rate. The effect of temperature changes on the infection spread is also noticeable, with a decrease of 1.1\% per extra degree. Conclusions: Using a tool like ours could help predict the shape of developing epidemics and its peaks, and would permit to quickly run scenarios to determine the evolution of the epidemic under different conditions. We make EpiGraph source code and epidemic data publicly available.
Analysis of responder-based endpoints: improving power through utilising continuous components
Authors: Wason James , McMenamin Martina , Dodd Susanna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Clinical trials and other studies commonly assess effectiveness of an intervention through use of responder-based endpoints. These classify patients based on whether they meet a number of criteria which often involve continuous variables categorised as being above or below a threshold. The proportion of patients who are responders is estimated and, where relevant, compared between groups. An alternative method called the augmented binary method keeps the definition of the endpoint the same but utilises information contained within the continuous component to increase the power considerably (equivalent to increasing the sample size by >30%). In this article we summarise the method and investigate the variety of clinical conditions that use endpoints to which it could be applied.Methods : We reviewed a database of Core Outcome Sets (COS) that covered physiological and mortality trial endpoints recommended for collection in clinical trials of different disorders. We identified responder-based endpoints where the augmented binary method would be useful for increasing power.Results: Out of the 287 COS reviewed, we identified 67 new clinical areas where endpoints were used that would be more efficiently analysed using the augmented binary method. Clinical areas that had particularly high numbers were rheumatology (11 clinical disorders identified), non-solid tumour oncology (10 identified), neurology (9 identified), and cardiovascular (8 identified)Conclusions: The augmented binary method can potentially provide large benefits in a vast array of clinical areas. Further methodological development is needed to account for some types of endpoint.
Positioning value of objective analysis of macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) in optic pathway-related neuro-ophthalmology
Authors: Zhang Wei , Sun Xin-Quan , Peng Xiao-Yan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to explore the positioning value of objective analysis of macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) in optic pathway-related neuro-ophthalmology diseases. Methods: This retrospective study included 32 patients with optic pathway-related neuro-ophthalmology diseases. A swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) was used to scan and analyze the morphological characteristics of mGCC thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness in these patients, and then they were compared with the visual field changes at the corresponding phase to analyze their relationship. Results: In optic pathway-related neuro-ophthalmologic diseases, the morphological characteristics of mGCC thickness demonstrated similar characteristic changes to that of visual field, and mGCC analysis remained to be objective. Conclusion: The application of SS-OCT to examine the morphological changes of mGCC thickness has position value of objective analysis in the diagnosis and treatment of optic pathway-related neuro-ophthalmologic diseases.
Analysis of factors associated with local recurrence after endoscopic resectionof gastric epithelial dysplasia: A retrospective study
Authors: Back Min Kyung , Moon Hee Seok , Kwon In Sun , Park Jae Ho , Kim Ju Seok , Kang Sun Hyung , Sung Jae Kyu , Lee Eaum Seok , Kim Seok Hyun , Lee Byung Seok , Jeong Hyun Yong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are widely used techniques for the treatment of gastric epithelial dysplasia. Previous studies have compared the clinical outcome of endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer, but few studies have focused on gastric dysplasia alone. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term prognosis following endoscopic procedures for gastric epithelial dysplasia, investigate differences in local recurrence rates according to the treatment modality, and identify risk factors associated with local recurrence. Methods: In this retrospective study, local recurrence rates and risk factors associated with local recurrence were compared between 599 patients who underwent EMR and 306 who underwent ESD for gastric epithelial dysplasia from January 2011 to December 2015.Results: The en bloc resection rate (32.2% vs. 100%, p<0.001) and complete resection rate (94.8% vs. 99.0%, p=0.003) were significantly lower in the EMR group than in the ESD group. The local recurrence rate was significantly lower in the ESD group (1.3%) than in the EMR group (4.2%; p=0.026). There was a significantly increased risk of local recurrence, regardless of lesion location or histologic grade, in patients with lesions >2 cm (p=0.002) or red in color (p=0.03). The ESD group had a significantly lower local recurrence rate, with a higher complete resection rate, than that in the EMR group (p<0.05).Conclusions: The complete resection rate was significantly higher, and the local recurrence rate was significantly lower, in patients with gastric epithelial dysplasia treated with ESD. Therefore, ESD should be considered the preferred treatment in patients with lesions >2 cm or showing redness due to an increased risk of local recurrence.
Smokeless tobacco use: its prevalence and relationships with dental symptoms, nutritional status and blood pressure among rural women in Burkina Faso
Authors: Diendéré Jeoffray , Zeba Augustin Nawidimbasba , Nikiéma Leon , Kaboré Ahmed , Savadogo Paul Windinpsidi , Tougouma Somnoma Jean Baptiste , Tinto Halidou , Ouédraogo Arouna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Sub-Saharan women use smokeless tobacco (SLT) more than smoked tobacco. Among Western Africa countries, the estimated weighted prevalence of SLT use in rural women was the highest in Burkina Faso (after Sierra Leone). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of SLT use and its associated factors among rural women in Burkina Faso by using nationally representative data. Methods : We used data from the 2013 STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) study, which provided sociodemographic, clinical (anthropometric, systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], dental symptoms), biological (total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting blood sugar), and tobacco and alcohol consumption data. Data for 1730 rural women were used, and we performed Student’s, chi-squared and logistic regression. Results : The prevalence of current SLT use was 13.8% (95% CI: 12.2-15.5). Significant risks for SLT use were the presence of dental symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.59; p<0.001), undernourishment (aOR = 1.78; p<0.01), a decrease in waist circumference (aOR = 0.98; p<0.05), a decrease in DBP (aOR = 0.97; p<0.01), increase in SBP (aOR = 1.01; p<0.05), and an increase in differential blood pressure (aOR = 1.01; p<0.05). The co-use of alcohol was also a significant risk factor (aOR = 2.80; p<0.001). Conclusion : The prevalence of current SLT use was high among rural women in Burkina Faso, and significant concerns for users included alcohol co-use, the occurrence of dental symptoms, undernourishment, and an increase in differential blood pressure. National Public Health interventions are needed to reduce SLT use and its health-related concerns.
Anal incontinence and unrecognized anal sphincter injuries after vaginal delivery - A cross-sectional study in Norway
Authors: Berg Matilde Risopatron , Sahlin Ylva Ingrid 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background: Aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of postpartum anal incontinence among women who delivered vaginally, and to assess the extent to which obstetric injuries to the anal sphincters are missed. Methods: All women (both primiparous and multiparous) who delivered vaginally and received any kind of sutures in the perineal area at Innlandet Hospital Trust Elverum in Norway between January 1, 2015 and June 30, 2016 were invited to answer a questionnaire on St. Mark’s incontinence score and to participate in a clinical examination of the pelvic floor including endoanal sonography. Results: In total 207 (52,3%) of the 396 invited women participated in the study. Mean St. Mark’s score was 1.8 points (95% CI 1.4 to 2.1), and none of the participants suffered from weekly fecal leakage. Fecal urgency affected 11.7% (95% CI 7.1 to 16.3) of the participants, and 8.7% (95%CI 5.1 to 12.8) had weekly involuntary leakage of flatus. Nine women (9.3%, 95% CI 4.1 to 15.5) had a previously undetected third degree obstetric anal sphincter injury. Conclusion: The prevalence of anal incontinence among women who have delivered vaginally and received sutures due to 1 st and 2 nd degree perineal lacerations is low. Some obstetric anal sphincter injuries remain unrecognized at the time of delivery, but the symptoms of anal incontinence due to these injuries are in the lower half of the St. Mark’s incontinence score. Women with persistent symptoms like fecal urgency or leakage of gas and/or feces should be referred to evaluation by a colorectal surgeon in order to achieve optimal treatment.