bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Privacy and the quantified self: A review of U.S. health information policy limitations related to wearable technologies
Authors: Brinson Nancy H. , Rutherford Danielle N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs Americans increasingly integrate quantified self‐health and fitness tracking (QSHFT) technologies into their lives, the data collected by these devices offer to not only help users to live healthier lives, but also present opportunities for interested parties to identify and target them based on their health‐related behaviors. Clinicians, employers, health insurers, data brokers, marketers, and litigators have all expressed interest in accessing individuals' QSHFT data for a variety of purposes. Existing policies related to the collection, aggregation, and use of these data do not consistently address and protect individual health privacy concerns. Indeed, U.S. lawmakers recently proposed two separate bills designed to correct this deficiency. The purpose of this review is to examine current motivations, practices, policies, and regulations related to QSHFT data, identify areas where individuals' health information privacy is currently being compromised, and propose specific solutions to address this escalating area of privacy concern.
Low molecular weight heparan sulfate containing facial skin care for reducing inflammation and restoring aged‐skin homeostasis
Authors: Bucay Vivian , Gold Michael H. , Andriessen Anneke 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic exposure of the skin to environmental factors, including solar radiation and air pollution, promotes skin aging by inducing inflammation which damages the skin. Heparan sulfate (HS) is one of the glycosaminoglycans, which has a central role in modulating skin repair. In its appearance in the skin, HS is large and highly polar and therefore unable to penetrate the skin. As a component in a topical formulation, the modified to a low molecular weight heparan sulfate analog (LMW‐HS) showed biological modulation activity.AimsThis review discusses the potential role of topical formulations containing LMW‐HS in restoring aged‐skin homeostasis and skin health.MethodsAn expert panel of dermatologists who regularly treat clinical signs of facial photoaging explored the role of LMW‐HS containing formulations for reducing inflammation and facial‐aging signs. For this purpose, evidence from the conducted literature searches was used together with expert opinion and experience of the panel.ResultsExtrinsic factors contribute to skin aging through oxidative stress, stimulating inflammation involved in extracellular matrix degradation. Evidence showed that chemokines require heparan sulfate for their full range of functional activities during innate immunity. Studies showed the LMW‐HS containing topical formulation to penetrate the skin within 48 hours of once‐daily application. LMW‐HS used in the periorbital area improved discoloration and wrinkles at Week 2 with continuous improvement up to Week 12.ConclusionThe LMW‐HS containing formulation showed improvements in skin condition when applied on photo‐damaged skin, indicating its therapeutic potential.
Micro‐needling versus fractional carbon dioxide laser for delivery of tranexamic acid in the treatment of melasma: A split‐face study
Authors: Mekawy Khaled M. M. , Sadek Ahmed , Seddeik Abdel‐Hameed Ahmad K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTranexamic acid (TXA) in oral, topical, and intra‐dermal injection routes showed efficacy in melasma treatment. Micro‐needling and fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser were reported to enhance the drug delivery of TXA.AimsThis study aimed at comparing the use of micro‐needling and fractional CO2 laser for drug delivery of TXA in the treatment of facial melasma.Patients/MethodsThirty female patients with bilateral symmetrical facial melasma were subjected to micro‐needling, for one side of the face, and fractional CO2 laser, for the other, followed by an immediate topical application of TXA solution 4 mg/mL. Patients received six biweekly sessions.ResultsTwo weeks after the last session, a significant reduction in baseline modified melasma area and severity index (mMASI) score was observed on both sides. The mean ± SD baseline mMASI dropped from 3.43 ± 1.84 to 1.59 ± 1.51 (mean reduction 57.73%, P < .001) and from 3.51 ± 1.84 to 1.78 ± 1.51 (mean reduction 55.82%, P < .001) in the micro‐needling–treated side and in the fractional CO2 laser–treated side, respectively. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the two sides (P = .81).ConclusionsMicro‐needling and fractional CO2 laser are equally safe and effective for the delivery of TXA in the treatment of facial melasma.
The relationship between personality traits, caring characteristics and abuse tendency among professional caregivers of older people with dementia in long‐term care facilities
Authors: Chen Weichen , Fang Fan , Chen Yu , Wang Jin , Gao Yuanmin , Xiao Julan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the relationship between personality traits, caring characteristics and abuse tendency among professional caregivers of older people with dementia in long‐term care facilities in China.BackgroundElder abuse is a serious global health problem and human right violation with high incidence among older people with dementia. There are many investigations about impact factors of risk of abuse among family caregivers of older people with dementia. However, in long‐term care facilities, the situation of abuse tendency needs further investigation.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsAn observational survey was conducted according to the STROBE checklist. We investigated 156 professional caregivers of older people with dementia in three long‐term care facilities in Guangzhou, China. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Caregiver Abuse Screen (CASE) and the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI). Data were analysed using Mann–Whitney U tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests, Spearman's rank correlation and logistic regression analyses.ResultsOver half of the participants (51.9%) reported abuse tendency to the older people with dementia. There was a significant negative correlation between the caregivers' agreeableness scores of NEO‐FFI and their CASE scores. Multivariate logistic regression analyses highlighted that protective factors of abuse tendency were caregivers' agreeableness, care recipients' source of finances and their duration of dementia while higher care difficulty and presence of older people's behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) were the risk factors.ConclusionCaregivers' agreeableness personality trait and the caring characteristics of older people with dementia may be relevant to abuse tendency in long‐term care facilities. Further study with a larger sample size is needed to validate such a correlation.Relevance to clinical practiceOlder people with dementia are at high risk for abuse. Prospective caregivers could pay more attention to developing their own agreeableness. The managers might establish monitoring system for reducing the abuse.
Using the Nursing Interventions Classification to identify nursing interventions in free‐text nursing documentation in adult psychiatric outpatient care setting
Authors: Ameel Maria , Leino Hanna , Kontio Raija , van Achterberg Theo , Junttila Kristiina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo identify and describe nursing interventions in patient documentation in adult psychiatric outpatient setting and to explore the potential for using the Nursing Interventions Classification in documentation in this setting.BackgroundDocumentation is an important part of nurses’ work, and in the psychiatric outpatient care setting, it can be time‐consuming. Only very few research reports are available on nursing documentation in this care setting.MethodsA qualitative analysis of secondary data consisting of nursing documentation for 79 patients in four outpatient units (years 2016–2017). The data consisted of 1,150 free‐text entries describing a contact or an attempted contact with 79 patients, their family members or supporting networks and 17 nursing care summaries. Deductive and inductive content analysis was used. SRQR guideline was used for reporting.ResultsWe identified 71 different nursing interventions, 64 of which are described in the Nursing Interventions Classification. Surveillance and Care Coordination were the most common interventions. The analysis revealed two perspectives which challenge the use of the classification: the problem of overlapping interventions and the difficulty of naming group‐based interventions.ConclusionThere is an urgent need to improve patient documentation in the adult psychiatric outpatient care setting, and standardised nursing terminologies such as the Nursing Interventions Classification could be a solution to this. However, the problems of overlapping interventions and naming group‐based interventions suggest that the classification needs to be further developed before it can fully support the systematic documentation of nursing interventions in the psychiatric outpatient care setting.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study describes possibilities of using a systematic nursing language to describe the interventions nurses use in the adult psychiatric outpatient setting. It also describes problems in the current free text‐based documentation.
Effects of illness representation‐focused patient education on illness representations and self‐care in patients with heart failure: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Chang Wan‐Tzu , Wang Shan‐Tair , Hsu Chih‐Hsin , Tsai Liang‐Miin , Chan Shih‐Hung , Chen Hsing‐Mei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine the effect of an illness representation‐focused patient education intervention on illness representations and self‐care behaviours in patients with heart failure 3 months after discharge from the hospital.BackgroundFew intervention studies have examined the effect of illness representation‐focused interventions on illness representations and self‐care in patients with heart failure.DesignA randomised clinical trial based on the Consolidated Standard of Reporting Trials—CONSORT 2010—guidelines was employed. The Clinical Trial Registry number is TCTR20190903002.MethodsOne hundred and seven participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups, and 62 participants (n = 30 in the intervention group and n = 32 in the usual care group) completed the baseline and one‐ and three‐month postdischarge follow‐up assessments. The instruments included the Survey of Illness Beliefs in Heart Failure and the Self‐care of Heart Failure Index. The intervention group received illness representation‐focused patient education while hospitalised and telephone follow‐ups after discharge. Data were analysed with linear mixed‐effects model analysis.ResultsThe 107 participants had a mean age of 62.17 years and a mean left ventricular ejection of 53.03%. At baseline, the two groups tended to have accurate illness beliefs but insufficient self‐care confidence and self‐care maintenance. The analysis showed no significant differences between groups in the illness representation total scores, dimension scores or self‐care maintenance scores but did show a significant difference in the self‐care confidence scores (F = 3.42, p < .05) over the three months.ConclusionThe study did not show an effect of the intervention on illness representations or self‐care maintenance behaviours. However, the intervention did maintain participants' self‐care confidence three months after discharge.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is necessary to conduct long‐term follow‐ups of patients' illness representations, discuss the implementation of self‐care behaviours with patients, enhance patients' self‐care confidence, and involve family members or caregivers in self‐care practices when needed.
An evaluation of the impact of advanced nurse practitioner triage and clinical intervention for medically expected patients referred to an acute National Health Service hospital
Authors: Moxham Lucy , McMahon‐Parkes Kate 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate the impact of advanced nurse practitioner triage on the management of medically expected patients referred to an acute National Health Service hospital. The objectives of the study were to determine whether advanced nurse practitioner triage reduced waiting times and hospital admissions and expedited essential investigations and treatments.BackgroundThe effectiveness of employing advanced nurse practitioners to meet service demands has been widely studied in emergency departments and critical care units. However, no studies have evaluated the impact advanced nurse practitioners can have on the management of medically expected patients, who have been referred to hospital because they are acutely unwell and require immediate medical intervention.DesignA pre‐ and postimplementation evaluation.MethodThe Revised Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence guidelines were used as a framework to guide the triaging role of advanced nurse practitioners. The charts of patients attending before and after the implementation of the advanced nurse practitioner triage role were retrospectively analysed.ResultsThe implementation of advanced nurse practitioner triage for medically expected patients saw a statistically significant reduction in the length of time patients have to wait to be seen. There were also significant improvements in timings to diagnosis and treatment of patients presenting with conditions such as sepsis or community‐acquired pneumonia. Additionally, patient admissions to hospital were reduced, as advanced nurse practitioners instead streamed a number of patients to ambulatory care for same day treatment and/or medical follow‐up.ConclusionsAdvanced nurse practitioner triage has made significant improvements to the efficiency and effectiveness of care and management of medically expected patients who were referred to acute hospital settings.Relevance to practiceUtilisation of advanced nurse practitioner triage in the ambulatory care setting is an effective method by which to streamline and improve the management of medically expected patients.
MORE THAN A FEELING: CONFIDENCE, UNCERTAINTY, AND MACROECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS
Authors: Nowzohour Laura , Stracca Livio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEconomists, observers, and policy‐makers often emphasize the role of sentiment as a potential driver of the business cycle. In this paper, we provide three contributions to this debate. First, we give an overview of the recent literature on the nexus between sentiment (considering both confidence and uncertainty) and economic activity. Second, we review existing empirical measures of sentiment, in particular consumer confidence, stock market volatility (SMV) and Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU), on monthly data for 27 countries, 1985–2016. Third, we identify some new stylized facts based on international evidence. While different measures are surprisingly lowly correlated on average in each country, they are typically highly positively correlated across countries, suggesting the existence of a global factor or sizeable international spillovers of sentiment. Consumer confidence has the closest co‐movement with economic and financial variables, and most of the correlations are contemporaneous or forward‐looking, consistent with the view that economic sentiment is indeed a driver of activity.
Global research trends in complex oral sensitivity disorder: A systematic bibliometric analysis of the framework
Authors: Fortuna Giulio , Aria Massimo , Iorio Carmela , Mignogna Michele D. , Klasser Gary D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesA systematic bibliometric analysis was performed to investigate trends in complex oral sensitivity disorder (COSD) research worldwide and compare the contributions of different countries/institutions, scientific journals, authors, keywords, and citations.MethodsWeb of Science database from 1985 to 2018 was systematically searched to identify all relevant articles using the MeSH terms “complex oral sensitivity disorder” and all synonyms used in the literature. We included original articles, review articles, letters to the editor, and book chapters in the English language and in 27 different ISI categories of medical sciences. Several bibliometric indicators were used.ResultsWe identified 10 633 articles, of which only 3349 were eligible with only 443 being included for quantitative analyses. The annual percentage growth rate for article publication was 9.16 fractionalized articles with the most productive countries (reported only in 428 out of 443 articles) being Italy (n = 66, 15.42%) followed by USA (n = 61, 14.25%) and with Italy achieving the greatest number of citations (n = 1415). Similarly, the most productive institution for article publication was the University of Turku, Finland, with 39 (8.8%) published articles. Among the top 20 departments, 15 were affiliated with dental institutions. The most productive source was “Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine” with 38 (8.58%) articles, whereas the most productive author was “Lopez‐Jornet P” with 19 articles (6.52 fractionalized articles).ConclusionsThere is an increasing trend for publications on COSD. Collaboration among different countries must improve in order to implement research on this disorder, which seems to be mainly a condition for the dental discipline.
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF MIDDLE MIOCENE (BADENIAN – SARMATIAN) SOURCE ROCKS AND MATURATION MODELLING IN THE POLISH AND UKRAINIAN SECTORS OF THE EXTERNAL CARPATHIAN FOREDEEP
Authors: Kosakowski P. , Machowski G. , Kowalski A. , Koltun Y. V. , Zakrzewski A. , Sowiżdżał A. , Stadtmuller M. 
Published: June 2020

The Carpathian Foredeep to the north and NE of the Carpathian orogenic belt in SE Poland and NW Ukraine is divided into internal and external sectors. In the narrow internal foredeep, Lower and Middle Miocene shales, sandstones and interbedded evaporites are tightly folded. By contrast the external foredeep is characterized by the presence of a thick, unfolded Middle Miocene molasse succession. This ranges in thickness from a few hundred metres in the north of the external foredeep to >5000 m in the south, near the Carpathian thrust front. Middle Miocene sandstones in the external foredeep form a major reservoir for biogenic gas at fields in Poland and Ukraine.The Middle Miocene molasse succession in the external Carpathian Foredeep also contains organic‐rich intervals which have source rock potential. For this paper, core samples (n = 670) of Badenian and Sarmatian mudstones from 43 boreholes in the Polish sector of the external foredeep were analysed to investigate their organic geochemistry and hydrocarbon potential. Results show that the samples analysed in general have low to fair (but locally high) total organic carbon (TOC) contents which range up 4.6 wt.% although the average is only 0.7 wt.%. Rock‐Eval (S1+S2) values are poor to fair and the hydrogen index is also low with a mean value of less than 100 mg/g TOC. The samples analysed are dominated by gas‐prone Type III kerogen and this is consistent with previous studies of time‐equivalent samples from the Ukrainian part of the external foredeep. The organic matter is in general thermally immature and is interpreted to have been deposited in anoxic and/or sub‐oxic conditions. However in the Polish part of the external foredeep, thermal maturities may locally reach the initial phase of the oil window where the Middle Miocene source rocks have been buried deeply beneath the Carpathian thrust front.The burial history and thermal evolution of the Middle Miocene succession were reconstructed by means of 1‐D modelling at nine boreholes located in both the Polish and Ukrainian parts of the external Carpathian foredeep. The modelling indicated that Middle Miocene source rocks have only entered the initial phase of the oil window locally where they are buried beneath the flysch nappes of the Carpathian foldbelt. At these locations the generation of thermogenic gas may have begun at depths of more than 3 km. However, Middle Miocene source rocks are still immature at depths of >4000 m in some boreholes in the Ukrainian part of the study area. The absence of accumulations of thermogenic natural gas is consistent with the observed low levels of source rock maturity.
PETROLEUM SYSTEMS OF THE BONGOR BASIN AND THE GREAT BAOBAB OILFIELD, SOUTHERN CHAD
Authors: Dou Lirong , Cheng Dingsheng , Wang Jingchun , Du Yebo , Xiao Gaojie , Wang Renchong 
Published: June 2020

The Bongor Basin in southern Chad is an inverted rift basin located on Precambrian crystalline basement which is linked regionally to the Mesozoic – Cenozoic Western and Central African Rift System. Pay zones present in nearby rift basins (e.g. Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene reservoirs overlying Lower Cretaceous source rocks) are absent from the Bongor Basin, having been removed during latest Cretaceous – Paleogene inversion‐related uplift and erosion. This study characterizes the petroleum system of the Bongor Basin through systematic analyses of source rocks, reservoirs and cap rocks.Geochemical analyses of core plug samples of dark mudstones indicate that source rock intervals are present in Lower Cretaceous lacustrine shales of the Mimosa and upper Prosopis Formations. In addition, these mudstones are confirmed as a regional seal. Reservoir units include both Lower Cretaceous sandstones and Precambrian basement rocks, and mature source rocks may also act as a potential reservoir for shale oil. Dominant structural styles are large‐scale inversion anticlines in the Lower Cretaceous succession whilst underlying “buried hill” ‐type basement plays may also be important. Accumulations of heavy to light oils and gas have been discovered in Lower Cretaceous sandstones and basement reservoirs.The Great Baobab field, the largest discovery in the Bongor Basin with about 1.5 billion barrels of oil in‐place, is located in the Northern Slope, a structural unit near the northern margin of the basin. Reservoirs are Lower Cretaceous syn‐rift sandstones and weathered and fractured zones in the crystalline basement. The field currently produces about 32,000 barrels of oil per day.