bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory nerves in the spotlight of the stem cell niche
Authors: Picoli Caroline C. , Costa Alinne C. , Rocha Beatriz G.S. , Silva Walison N. , Santos Gabryella S.P. , Prazeres Pedro H.D.M. , Costa Pedro A.C. , Oropeza Anderson , Silva Rodrigo A. , Azevedo Vasco A.C. , Resende Rodrigo R. , Cunha Thiago M. , Mintz Akiva , Birbrair Alexander 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Niches are specialized tissue microenvironments that control stem cells functioning. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell niche defines a location within the marrow in which mesenchymal stem cells are retained and produce new cells throughout life. Deciphering the signaling mechanisms by which the niche regulates stem cell fate will facilitate the use of these cells for therapy. Recent studies, by using state-of-the-art methodologies, including sophisticated in vivo inducible genetic techniques, such as lineage-tracing Cre/loxP mediated systems, in combination with pharmacological inhibition, provide evidence that sensory neuron is an important component of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell niche. Strikingly, knockout of a specific receptor in sensory neurons blocked stem cell function in the bone marrow. The knowledge arising from these discoveries will be crucial for stem cell manipulation in the future. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of sensory nerves biology in the stem cell niche.
A cloud‐based integration platform for enterprise application integration: A Model‐Driven Engineering approach
Authors: Frantz Rafael Z. , Corchuelo Rafael , Basto‐Fernandes Vitor , Rosa‐Sequeira Fernando , Roos‐Frantz Fabricia , L. Arjona José 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article addresses major information systems integration problems, approaches, technologies, and tools within the context of Model‐Driven Software Engineering. The Guaraná integration platform is introduced as an innovative platform amongst state‐of‐the‐art technologies available for enterprises to design and implement integration solutions. In this article, we present its domain‐specific modeling language and its industrial cloud‐based web development platform, which supports the design and implementation of integration solutions. A real‐world case study is described and analyzed; then, we delve into its design and implementation, to finally disclose ten measures that empirically help estimating the amount of effort involved in the development of integration solutions.
Structural health monitoring methods, dispersion of fibers, micro and macro structural properties, sensing, and mechanical properties of self‐sensing concrete—A review
Authors: Reddy Panga Narasimha , Kavyateja Bode Venkata , Jindal Bharat Bhushan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSelf‐sensing composites are now becoming extremely attractive for the applications in civil engineering structures in order to enhance the safety and service life. In the new generation carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and nanotubes (CNTs) have shown good electrical, mechanical, and thermal parameters which inspired in the development of innovative nanocomposites with great and multifunctional properties. Among the numerous advances in civil engineering, the introduction of such carbon fibers to cement based materials produces cementitious materials as a smart or self‐sensing. Such smart composites reveal a noticeable change in their electrical conductivity with applied stress/strain and this special characteristic makes them helpful for monitoring of structures. However, there are still issues with CNFs and CNTs dispersion in case of cementitious composites, which impede the effective transfer of nanomaterials properties into the composites. Present paper presents a critical review on the dispersion of CNFs and CNTs within cementitious matrices, mechanical and electrical properties for the health monitoring of civil engineering structures.
Violation Witnesses and Result Validation for Multi-Threaded Programs
Authors: Beyer Dirk , Friedberger Karlheinz 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Invariants and error traces are important results of a program analysis, and therefore, a standardized exchange format for verification witnesses is used by many program analyzers to store and share those results. This way, information about program traces and variable assignments can be shared across tools, e.g., to validate verification results, or provided to users, e.g., to visualize and explore the results in order to fix bugs or understand the reason for a program’s correctness. The standard format for correctness and violation witnesses that was used by SV-COMP for several years was only applicable to sequential (single-threaded) programs. To enable the validation of results for multi-threaded programs, we extend the existing standard exchange format by adding information about thread management and thread interleaving. We contribute a reference implementation of a validator for violation witnesses in the new format, which we implemented as component of the software-verification framework
"Image missing"
. We experimentally evaluate the format and validator on a large set of violation witnesses. The outcome is promising: several verification tools already produce violation witnesses that help validating the verification results, and our witness validator can re-verify most of the produced witnesses.
Tegner level is predictive for successful return to sport 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Klasan Antonio , Putnis Sven Edward , Grasso Samuel , Kandhari Vikram , Oshima Takeshi , Parker David Anthony 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
For a successful return to sport (RTS) after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), patients are recommended to attend a comprehensive rehabilitation program, followed by an RTS assessment, that is a combination of tests. The purpose of this study was to predict a successful return to sport using the results of the RTS assessment and self-reported questionnaires at minimum 2 years after ACLR.

Methods
A total of 123 consecutive ACLR patients undertook an intensive rehabilitation program followed by a comprehensive RTS assessment that included an established combination of balance and strength tests, the ACL-return to sport after Injury scale (ACL-RSI) questionnaire and a KT1000 laximetry test. Preinjury and expected Tegner and Lysholm were collected at baseline, at RTS and prospectively collected at minimum 2-year follow-up. The patients were asked if they returned to their previous sport and at which level. All variables were included in a regression analysis predicting a successful return to previous sport, return to the same level of sport as well as the Tegner level at 2 years.

Results
Sixty-two patients (50%) returned to their previous sport by the 2-year follow-up, without a difference in preinjury Tegner between these two groups (n.s.). Expected preoperative Tegner was the only significant predictor of a successful return to previous sport (p = 0.042; OR 1.300, 95% CI 1.010–1.672). Out of the 62 patients returning to their previous sport, 38 (61%) reported to be on the same or higher level. The only predictive variable for returning to the same level was the higher preinjury Tegner level (p = 0.048; OR 1.522). Multivariate regression analysis of Tegner level at 2 years found younger age to be the only predictive value. From the RTS assessment tests, the ACL-RSI questionnaire and the posterolateral balance test were predictive variables for Tegner at 2-year follow-up, albeit in the univariate regression analysis.

Conclusions
Preoperative Tegner and expected Tegner level collected prior to an ACL reconstruction can aid in the objective prediction of patients’ return to sport after 2 years. High-level athletes are more likely to return to their previous sport and to the previous level. Younger patients achieve a higher Tegner level at 2 years.

Level of evidence
Level III study.
Effects of switching from clopidogrel to prasugrel at the chronic phase after coronary stenting on antiplatelet action and vascular endothelial function: Switch-Pras study
Authors: Masuyama Taiki , Sakuma Masashi , Waku Ryutaro , Hirose Suguru , Kitahara Keijiro , Naganuma Jin , Yazawa Hiroko , Toyoda Shigeru , Abe Shichiro , Nakajima Toshiaki , Inoue Teruo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCompared to clopidogrel, prasugrel has a lower incidence of ischemic events following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) because of an early reduction during the acute phase in P2Y12 reaction units (PRU). The objective of this study was to compare the antiplatelet effect and vascular endothelial function of both drugs during the chronic phase after PCI. Patients who had undergone PCI and were confirmed to have no restenosis by follow-up coronary angiography under dual anti-platelet therapy with clopidogrel (75 mg/day) and aspirin (100 mg/day) were randomized to either continue clopidogrel or switch to prasugrel (3.75 mg/day). At baseline, prior to randomization we determined the CYP2C19 genotype. At the baseline and 24 weeks after randomization, the P2Y12 reactivity unit (PRU) was measured using the VerifyNow™ P2Y12 assay. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT), while and circulating CD34+/CD133+/CD45low progenitor cells were measured by flow cytometric analysis. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level was also measured. The PRU was reduced significantly in the prasugrel group (P = 0.0008), especially in patients who were intermediate or poor metabolizers based on the CYP2C19 genotype (P < 0.0001). This reduction was not observed in the clopidogrel group. The number of CD34+/CD133+/CD45low cells increased in the clopidogrel group (P = 0.008), but not in the prasugrel group. The hsCRP, FMD and reactive hyperemia index measured by RH-PAT did not change in either group. Prasugrel is potentially better than clopidogrel for preventing thrombotic events, although clopidogrel may have an advantage over prasugrel in terms of preventing atherosclerotic events. Proper use of thienopyridine drugs based on the CYP2C19 genotype has promising clinical potential.
Bilateral vestibulopathy and age: experimental considerations for testing dynamic visual acuity on a treadmill
Authors: Starkov D. , Snelders M. , Lucieer F. , Janssen A. M. L. , Pleshkov M. , Kingma H. , van Rompaey V. , Herssens N. , Hallemans A. , Vereeck L. , McCrum C. , Meijer K. , Guinand N. , Perez-Fornos A. , van de Berg R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) can affect visual acuity in dynamic conditions, like walking. This can be assessed by testing Dynamic Visual Acuity (DVA) on a treadmill at different walking speeds. Apart from BVP, age itself might influence DVA and the ability to complete the test. The objective of this study was to investigate whether DVA tested while walking, and the drop-out rate (the inability to complete all walking speeds of the test) are significantly influenced by age in BVP-patients and healthy subjects.

Methods
Forty-four BVP-patients (20 male, mean age 59 years) and 63 healthy subjects (27 male, mean age 46 years) performed the DVA test on a treadmill at 0 (static condition), 2, 4 and 6 km/h (dynamic conditions). The dynamic visual acuity loss was calculated as the difference between visual acuity in the static condition and visual acuity in each walking condition. The dependency of the drop-out rate and dynamic visual acuity loss on BVP and age was investigated at all walking speeds, as well as the dependency of dynamic visual acuity loss on speed.

Results
Age and BVP significantly increased the drop-out rate (p ≤ 0.038). A significantly higher dynamic visual acuity loss was found at all speeds in BVP-patients compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.001). Age showed no effect on dynamic visual acuity loss in both groups. In BVP-patients, increasing walking speeds resulted in higher dynamic visual acuity loss (p ≤ 0.036).

Conclusion
DVA tested while walking on a treadmill, is one of the few “close to reality” functional outcome measures of vestibular function in the vertical plane. It is able to demonstrate significant loss of DVA in bilateral vestibulopathy patients. However, since bilateral vestibulopathy and age significantly increase the drop-out rate at faster walking speeds, it is recommended to use age-matched controls. Furthermore, it could be considered to use an individual “preferred” walking speed and to limit maximum walking speed in older subjects when testing DVA on a treadmill.
Autopsy examination in sudden cardiac death: a current perspective on behalf of the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology
Authors: Banner Jytte , Basso Cristina , Tolkien Zoe , Kholova Ivana , Michaud Katarzyna , Gallagher Patrick J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn sudden cardiac death, an autopsy is an essential step in establishing a diagnosis of inherited cardiac disease and identifying families that require cardiac screening. To evaluate aspects of post-mortem practice in Europe, a questionnaire was designed and circulated to both clinical and forensic pathologists. There was a 48% response rate and information was obtained from 17 countries. The results showed a wide variety in the management of sudden cardiac death, with a general tendency towards a lack of thorough investigation. In up to 40% of cases, autopsies were not performed in subjects less than 50 years who may have died from cardiac disease. Reasons for this were lack of finance and lack of interest from police, legal authorities, and doctors. Only 50% of pathologists seem to follow a standard protocol for autopsy examination, apparently due to lack of expertise and/or training. When autopsies were performed, histology and toxicology were almost always taken, genetic studies were generally available and retention of the heart for specialist study was usually permitted. Our results suggest that although the standard of practice is appropriate in many centres, many more cases should have autopsies, especially in sudden deaths in subjects less than 50 years.
Altersgerechtes Wohnen im Quartier
Authors: Haug Sonja , Vetter Miriam 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Alter nimmt das Quartier aufgrund geringerer Aktionsradien an Bedeutung zu. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, welche Besonderheiten sich bei Senioren-Haushalten im Hinblick auf Wohnen und soziale Teilhabe zeigen. Aus dem Projekt Energetische Modernisierung des genossenschaftlichen Wohnquartiers Margaretenau in Regensburg (MAGGIE) werden Ergebnisse einer schriftlichen Haushaltsbefragung (N = 195) in der Wohngenossenschaft Margaretenau Regensburg dargestellt. Hierbei wird auf die aktuelle und zukünftige Wohnsituation, den Veränderungsbedarf, den Wunsch nach Gemeinschaftsangeboten und die soziale Einbettung eingegangen. Es zeigt sich eine geringe Veränderungsbereitschaft und ein überdurchschnittlich hohes Maß an lokalem Sozialkapital. Am Ende werden Schlussfolgerungen für das Sanierungs- und Quartiersmanagement gezogen.
Effect of As-Cast Structure and Macrosegregation on Mechanical Properties in Direct-Quenched Low-Alloy Ultrahigh-Strength Steel
Authors: Koskenniska S. , Kaijalainen A. , Pikkarainen T. , Mehtonen S. , Porter D. , Kömi J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The effect of as-cast structure and macrosegregation on the mechanical properties of a direct-quenched low-alloy martensitic ultrahigh-strength aluminum killed and calcium treated steel cast at different superheats was studied. Samples from the castings were laboratory hot rolled with two different finishing rolling temperatures to distinguish the effect of hot rolling. Using optical emission spectrometry, the steel composition was analyzed as a function of slab thickness in order to detect the variations in steel chemistry due to macrosegregation. Further, hardness profiles, prior austenite grain sizes and tensile and impact toughness were determined for the hot-rolled specimens. It was found that interdendritic segregation was more intense at the higher superheat, which led to more pronounced positive segregation in the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) zone, and negative segregation between CET and the centerline. These macrosegregation patterns were inherited by the hot-rolled samples causing local variations in hardness, which followed the variations in carbon content. However, altering the superheat had a minor effect on the nominal transformed microstructures and nominal prior austenite grain sizes. This occurred because of the interdendritic segregation induced composition variations both enlarged and decreased by turns the grain sizes. The CET also reduced measured impact toughness values.
Strategic Patenting by Pharmaceutical Companies – Should Competition Law Intervene?
Authors: Gurgula Olga 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the lives of thousands of people worldwide, the problem of timely access to affordable medicines has intensified today. Based on past experience of accessing medicines for life-threatening diseases there is a justifiable fear that access to any vaccines and treatments that are eventually developed may be hindered by patents, leading to unaffordable prices. In particular, one of the reasons that typically leads to high prices is strategic patenting employed by pharmaceutical companies. While this practice is currently considered lawful, this article argues that strategic patenting requires a long-overdue intervention by competition authorities and aims to attract their attention to its harmful effects. It maintains that, along with a more immediate negative effect in the form of high drug prices, strategic patenting affects dynamic competition by stifling innovation of both originators and generic companies. The article outlines the current approach to strategic patenting and provides arguments for the intervention of competition law. This, in turn, will open the possibility for competition authorities to investigate this practice and prevent its harmful effect on drug prices and pharmaceutical innovation, for the benefit of consumer welfare.
Management of Traumatology Patients During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Experience in a Hub Trauma Hospital in Northern Italy
Authors: D’Angelo Fabio , Monestier Luca , De Falco Giovanni , Mazzacane Michael , Stissi Placido 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
As a result of the uncontrolled spread of the COVID-19 virus infection, a health reorganization according to the “hub and spoke” model was necessary. The purpose of the article was to document the adopted corporate protocol and describe the management of the traumatized patient in a Hub center.

Methods
Our hospital has been identified as one of the three regional Hubs for polytrauma and major traumas, requiring suitable pathways to receive confirmed or suspected COVID-19-positive patients, from the emergency room entrance to the operating room, and finally to the inpatient ward or ICU. From February 23th to April 30th 2020 we analyzed the total number of trauma patients hospitalized and the number of femoral neck fractures surgically treated within 48 h; the data were then compared with the corresponding period of the previous year.

Results
There has been a reduction in the overall number of traumas as a result of government restraint measures. Total occupancy time in the operating theater has increased, but not drastically considering dressing procedures and anesthesia (carried out inside the operating room). The number of patients with femoral neck fractures surgically treated within 48 h (none of the COVID-19-positive patients) decreased from 83.33 to 58.70%, but only slightly lower than the Italian pre-COVID average of 64.70%.

Conclusions
The correct management of the hospital and the meticulous organization of the traumatized patient have made it possible to contain the potential negative effects on the medical care quality during this unexpected and severe health emergency.
The skeletal effects of congenital syphilis: the case of Parrot’s bones
Authors: Cole Garrard , Waldron Tony , Shelmerdine Susan , Hutchinson Ciaran , McHugh Kieran , Calder Alistair , Arthurs Owen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe provide a brief account of the life and work of Jules Parrot, a significant figure in French paediatrics, about whom almost nothing has been written. We focus on his work relating to congenital syphilis, specifically reporting on the examination of a collection of bones taken at autopsy from children with congenital syphilis. The collection of bones was brought to London in 1879 by Parrot to illustrate a talk that he gave before the Pathological Society of London. Subsequently, it travelled a circuitous route to the Royal Free Hospital pathology collection, where it remained until we (GC and TW) ‘discovered’ it. The bones represent the largest assemblage of material from cases of congenital syphilis in the UK and they are important as they clearly demonstrate the skeletal lesions associated with congenital syphilis and are now irreplaceable. The bones have been identified to anatomical element and have come from a minimum of eight children, both foetuses and neonates covering the period 30–50 weeks post-conception. Radiological and micro computerised tomography examinations were carried out and three-dimensional models printed at twice life size. The models are durable and can be handled with impunity by students and others wishing to familiarise themselves with the skeletal changes shown.
“Since Those Days All Things Have Progressed for the Better”: Tradition, Progress, and Creation in Ambrose of Milan
Authors: Fogleman Alex 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn Ambrose’s apologetic writing against the Roman prefect Symmachus, he makes a surprising argument for Christianity’s superiority over Roman religious practices, arguing that Christianity is in fact a newer and therefore superior form of religion. The whole world has “progressed” and so must religious practices. In the letters to Symmachus, Ambrose’s arguments are ad hoc and apologetic, not constructive. This article seeks to understand better the intellectual and historical contexts that make Ambrose’s surprising convictions possible by looking at Ambrose’s writings on creation in the context of the pro-Nicene debates. Considering Ambrose’s writing in the Hexameron, I argue that Ambrose’s account of cosmological progress finds an intellectual milieu in pro-Nicene reflection on the implications of Christ’s divine consubstantiality for a doctrine of creation. When Christ is no longer seen as a mediator between God and the world, a new space is opened up to speak of creation’s change and even “progress” without a worry that doing so will jeopardize creation as the divine handiwork. Ambrose’s apologetic strategy, though apparently not directly related to pro-Nicene debates, is illuminated when seen against this backdrop. The result is a better understanding both of Ambrose’s strategies in particular and of the situation of fourth-century apologetics more broadly.
Martin Luther’s Use of Blended Hebrew and German Idioms in His Translation of the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Niggemann Andrew J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article investigates an uncharted facet of Martin Luther’s Hebrew translation method. It is one of the more fascinating aspects of his translation, which demonstrates both the complexity of how he translated Hebrew and the lasting impact of the Hebrew on his German, neither of which has been fully appreciated by scholars. This article demonstrates how he sometimes blended Hebrew and German idioms in his translation of the Hebrew Bible, specifically in the Minor Prophets. It further shows how he used this translation method to convey various linguistic features of the Hebrew language to his German audience. Finally, it shows how this has a number of important implications for Luther studies, Hebrew and German linguistics, and medieval and early modern history.