bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landscape studies of ancient Russian cities on historic waterways
Authors: Nizovtsev V A , Erman N M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify the role of the natural (landscape) factor in multifactor processes of structure formation, functioning and dynamics of urban landscapes. The practical tasks of this work were the reconstructions of the original landscape structure, identification of ecological properties and the resource base of host landscapes and cultural and historical landscapes of ancient Russian cities. Landscape studies of ancient Russian cities were carried out on the basis of the landscape and historical approach, where the entire territory of ancient Russian cities is viewed as a single, holistic entity, with inherent specific landscape organization which develops in space and time. A distinctive feature of the ancient Russian cities that formed on the historic waterways is that in the early stages of functioning of the water communications, cities were formed as the most important strongholds, whose vital activity was associated with subsistence farming and depended entirely on the local resource base and, accordingly, on the landscape structure of the territory. At different intervals, it differed sharply depending on the zonal-landscape conditions. The differences in the landscape features of the formation of ancient Russian cities on historic waterways in the IX-XI and XII-XIII centuries have been revealed.
The use of hydropower potential of the rivers of Moscow basin
Authors: Ozerova N A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to study the changes in the ways of using the energy potential of the rivers of the Moscow River basin in the XVIII-XXI centuries. Analysis of the data of the General Survey suggests that in XVIII century the energy of flowing water was used for several kinds of mills: gristmills, saw mills and fulling mills. Energy of flowing water was applied for oil mills and blacksmith hammers. Analysis of literary data shows that the number of mills reduced at the end of XIX century. Only mills built on large rivers continued to work. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries small hydroelectric power stations were built instead of mill dams, and the modern hydropower facilities in Moscow basin are small stations of local meaning only. As a result, the maps showing the location of different kinds of mills in the Moscow river basin in XVIII century were composed for the first time. These maps are unique for this territory.
Ice phenomena on the rivers of Russia: the role of academic expeditions
Authors: Savenkova V M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The systematic study of the ice regime of the Russian rivers began with the organization of gauges at the end of the XIX century. It was preceded by a long preparatory period of expeditionary works performed from the second half of the XVIII century. The article discusses the contribution of members of academic expeditions of the second half of the XVIII century to the study of ice phenomena on the rivers of Russia. Special attention is paid to the dangerous phenomena that often accompany opening and freezing of rivers, ice jams, floods, etc. The author summarized and systematized data and observation materials obtained during the journeys. They can be used for studying ice phenomena on the rivers.
First plan of the area near the source of the river Don (1701)
Authors: Yurkin I N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We have found records on the drawing of the map of Ivan-ozero (Ivan lake) and the upper course of the River Don dated 1701 in the archive of Razriadnyi prikaz, RGADA. These records are the earliest evidence of mapping of the region of Don in its upper course at the moment. We outline the circumstances of drawing of a plan. We reconstruct geographic information of the plan according the revealed description. We compare data of the description to data from later cartographic sources. We conclude that sizes and distances reported in the description are reliable data. We surmise about the authorship of the plan.
Influence of direct seeding technology on typical chernozem structure
Authors: Belobrov V P , Yudin S A , Ermolaev N R , Dridiger V K , Stukalov R S , Kholodov V A , Yaroslavtseva N V , Yu Aidiev A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper discusses the impact of direct seeding technology on volumetric weight of arable layer, content (%) of air-dry and water-resistant aggregates (mm), as well as agronomically valuable aggregates during dry sifting The fact of using the direct seeding technology for four years in grain crop rotation did not lead to an increase in volumetric weight of an arable horizon. This increases the content of dry agronomically valuable aggregates and the coefficient of structure increases. The direct sowing positively affects the water-resistant structure of typical chernozem, increasing the content of water-resistant aggregates in dry fraction > 10 mm from 68.7% (plowing option) to 80.7%.
Removal of sulfides from tannery-sourced wastewaters
Authors: Bykovsky N A , Kantor E A , Rahman P A , Puchkova L N , Fanakova N N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the study results for the treatment of sulfide wastewater generated by tanneries. Wastewater treatment was carried out by electrolysis with a sacrificial ferrous anode. It is shown that during the treatment process, the ferrous anode dissolves and deposition of iron sulfide is formed. The process of effluent treatment is determined by the anode current density. The most efficient effluent treatment is carried out at a current density of 133 A/m2. In this case, the purification efficiency reaches 99.2%, and the cost per unit of electricity makes 169.2 kW·h/kg.
Geo-ecological factor of water influence on the relief of steppe zones and semi-deserts of Kalmykia
Authors: Sangadzhiev M M , Rubeko L M , Onkaev V A , Kazakov K G , Sh Kedeeva O 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Republic of Kalmykia is the only region in Russia with up to 10% of deserts and semi-deserts. Geographically, it is located in the western part of the Caspian lowland. One of the problems of the residents is the lack of fresh water. The aim of the work is to show the influence of the geo-ecological factor on the relief and its connection with surface and groundwater, human health. To solve the problem, results of the expedition routes in Kalmykia were analyzed. Expeditionary and laboratory studies of water resources, express analysis of water, soil and plants was carried out. The decision-making hypothesis adopted a synergistic algorithm for the interconnection system of the water system, the steppe relief and human health. This approach identified that values of the environmental impact are interrelated. Changes in one or several parameters cause instability of the entropy of equilibrium in environmental management. The results can be used to assess the relationship between the relief, water quality, the ecological situation and human health.
Layout for drilling seismic wells by vibration method
Authors: Zaripova L M , Gabdrakhimov M S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
More and more common methods are used to reduce the cost of drilling wells and extracting oil and gas. One of these methods is the increase of energy capacity of drilling rigs through the use of dynamic methods of drill bits loading. Various vibro-mechanisms are used as vibration exciters with helpful use of vibration. Vibro-mechanisms by type of drive are divided into mechanical, electromechanical and magnetostrictive. All of them are intended for the excitation of forced oscillations in the elements attached to them that provide the desired technological effect. The authors have carried out the work to solve the problem of studying the transfer of dynamic load on the drill string. In this case the effectiveness of bottomhole vibration is largely determined by layout parameters of the drilling tool. Oscillations of the drill string are described by a wave equation in partial derivatives. With the solution of the problem, conditions for the transfer of bottomhole vibration load are being determined. The solution shows that dynamic bottomhole load can be effectively transferred from the mouth up to 100 m; the frequency may be greater at lower striker weights.
Features of townland management
Authors: Varlamov A A , Galchenko S A , Antropov D V , Kuznetsova S G , Sinitsa Yu S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The town is a complex social and economic system that has significant land, social and other resources. An integrated approach should be used to solve townland management problems. Improvement of the efficiency of land management should be based on the comprehensive analysis of the land management system from the planning process to the control over the use of land plots taking into account financial and investment opportunities of land management facilities. Successful development of urban and rural settlements depends on the effectiveness of land management. These issues determine the significance of the present article. The article describes problems and features of townland management in Russia. Directions of the public land policy were determined.
Ecological and biological features of adaptation of deciduous plants to chemical stress
Authors: Larina G E , Seraya L G , Polyakova N N , Baranova E N , Beloshapkina O O 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the urbanized environment, young plants lack moisture due to the limited space. This violates photosynthesis and respiration. To normalize respiration, the plant reduces excessive evaporation and evens out the water balance showing signs of xeromorphy. For the human environment, decorative and appearance of greenery are crucial. The purpose of the article is to study adaptive abilities of deciduous plants when using glyphosate-based herbicidal preparations, 2, 4-D, dicamba, triasulfuron, and clopyralid. Anatomical and morphological changes at the cellular and organismic levels in young Tilia cordata Mill plants were identified: the size and density of stomata; frequency of stop cells of stomata; plant height; the number of shoots. The use of glyphosate, 2, 4-D, dicamba, triasulfuron, clopyralid stimulated the height of shoots and increased the frequency of occurrence of guard cells with a length “0.15-0.19” mm. When using herbicides as a factor of chemical stress, the number of stomata per 1 mm2 of the leaf surface increased. Ecological and biological plasticity of Tilia cordata Mill under environmental pollution (chemical stress) was identified. It is useful for directed formation of xeromorphic signs in young plants and further planting in urbanized conditions.
Modern technologies of digital land management
Authors: Papaskiri T V , Kasyanov A E , Alekseenko N N , Semochkin V N , Ananicheva E P , Volkov I V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the issues of digital land management based on the use of modern information technologies. The digital land management system is created by digitalizing the agricultural industry and other economic sectors. Along with a digital land management system, staff training is should be carried out.
Rural development in the Far Eastern Federal District
Authors: Khlystun V N , Vdovenko A V , Stolyarov V M , Chepurin E M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article presents the material relating to the current state and prospects of development of rural areas in the Far Eastern Federal district of Russia. It is shown which factors are restraining and which factors are stimulating, as well as the degree of influence of each group on the development of rural areas of the Far East of Russia. The practical significance lies in the fact that the results of the study can be useful in the development and justification of rural development programs and regional agricultural policy.
Urban Green Network - Synthesis of Environmental, Social and Economic Linkages in Urban Landscape
Authors: Zareba Anna Danuta , Krzeminska Alicja Edyta , Dzikowska Anna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The city sprawl phenomenon, responsible for incorporating new suburbs into cities, is constantly changing our landscape. The results of this phenomenon are the rapid decrease of forest cover, fragmentation of green areas and loss of biodiversity. The paper examines studies and contemporary Green Infrastructure practices in response to find a solution for an increasing demand for new residential and recreational green areas in urban environment. The subject of the analysis is related to the problems of, both, nature protection and well-balanced development of the built-up areas. This paper was motivated by the three pillars of sustainability – environmental, economic, and social to take an interdisciplinary approach to GI in the context of system of GI linkages. It is focused on the role of green linkages in the integrity of GI network, and their influence on ecological, cultural and landscape functions, in extremely transformed and polluted urban environment. The research makes an attempt to define the role of landscape linkages in the Green Infrastructure.
Sulphate Ion Interference on Oil Recovery Mechanism of Low Salinity Waterflooding in Dolomite Reservoirs
Authors: Charoentanaworakun Chanapol , Srisuriyachai Falan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study focused on the sulphate ion concentration interference with different divalent cations ratio, used in low salinity water flooding in dolomite reservoirs by comparing the oil recovery with the altered amount of divalent cations dissolved in brine, occurred from rock surface equilibrium shifting. The oil recovery from injecting different potential determining ions concentration is measured by core flood experiment. The process of detecting the amount of divalent cations begins with establishing oil adsorption on the dolomite grain surface. Then, the grain is stirred in brine with different formula, which is later titrated in order to gather the desired data. Finally, the phenomena occurred during flooding with different potential determining ion concentration is described by combining the result of oil recovery with altered amount of divalent ions. The results showed that at high temperature (70°C), the oil recovery from each case is not much different because high amount of calcium sulphate precipitation can be compensated by high rate of rock dissolution and magnesium carboxylate complex formation. However, at low temperature (30°C), the oil recovery tends to be lower when the sulphate concentration is higher because calcium ion tends to form or precipitate with sulphate ion rather than forming the carboxylate complex. Due to low dissolution rate, the amount of calcium ion is insufficient for oil recovery mechanism, especially when the sulphate ion concentration exceeds the solubility limit. Furthermore, for the case that the ratio of magnesium to calcium ion is high, it is observed that some amount of magnesium ion can form the carboxylate complex to compensate the lost amount of calcium ion. From the result, it can be concluded that at low temperature, which the dissolution reaction occurs slowly, the effect of changing the divalent cation ratio, including sulphate concentration, is large because the formation of magnesium carboxylate complex is not much at this temperature, however calcium sulphate precipitation reduces the number of active calcium ions in oil recovery mechanism. On the other hand, because the dissolution reaction occurs faster and the formation of magnesium carboxylate complex is more favourable at high temperature, therefore the values of oil recovery, even at different concentration of potential determining ions, are not much different at this temperature. Furthermore, it is also found that the carboxylate complex formation can be induced by high concentration of either type of divalent ions when the sulphate ion concentration is not too high.
Hydrogeological Conceptual Model of Geothermal Waters in Baklaci (Alasehir, Manisa), Western Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Ozgur Nevzat , Anilir Ezgi Yuruk 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Geothermal waters of Alaşehir are located in the southern part of the Gediz rift zone within the Menderes Massif and form biggest potential in the area with a capacity of up to 200 MWe. Geologically, Paleozoic metamorphic rocks with intercalations of micaschists, quartzites and marbles the gneisses from impermeable basement in the area underlying Precambriann to Cambrian gneisses. The both rocks are overlain by a Miocene intercalation of sedimentary rocks consisting of conglomerates, sandstones and clay stones and Plio-Quaternary intercalation of sedimentary rocks composed of conglomerates, sandstones and claystones discordantly. In the study area, Paleozoic quartzites and marbles form the main reservoir hydrogeologically. Geothermal waters with Na+K>Ca>Mg cations and HCO3>Cl> anions are of Na-HCO3 type and partial equilibrated waters. Geochemical thermometers show reservoir temperatures of up to 185 °C in accordance with measured temperatures in the production wells. Plot of δ18O versus δ2H in geothermal waters of Alaşehir deviate from the GMWL indication an intensive water-rock interaction. In the area of Alaşehir, geothermal waters are of meteoric origin. Finally, geothermal waters of Alaşehir are distinguished by a 2,0 percent CO2 of productions in geothermal power plants especially which can represent an environmental danger in the area for future unless the steams with CO2 contents do not reinjcct into the geothermal reservoir.
Is the Vegetation Succession a Threat for Rare and Protected Species in a Sand Quarry? Case Study of the Kuźnica Warężyńska Sand Quarry (Southern Poland)
Authors: Rahmonov Oimahmad , Rozkowski Jacek , Szymczyk Artur 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The work focuses on analyzing and reason of occurrences of rare and protected species by European and Polish low. These species are growing in the areas of former sand exploitations quarry and have different ecological requirements. The origin of such quarries is strictly connected strictly connection with development of coal mining in the Silesian Upland (Southern Poland). From the end of exploitation the processes of spontaneous vegetation ecosystems have been observed. The research was conducted in Southern Poland in the area of the Kuznica Warężyńska sand quarry with an area of approximately 8 km2, exploited in the years 1972 - 2003. In results of work has been confirmed by 2 types of habitats which are included in I Annex Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora forms in zone of groundwater outflow. They are 7140-transition mires and quaking bogs and 7230 - alkaline fens. In these communities, numerous population of 22 protects spiecies as Dactylorhiza maculata, D. majalis, Epipactis atrorubens, E. helleborine, E. palustris, Malaxis monophyllos, Lycopodiella inundata, Pinguicula vulgaris, including Liparis loeselii found in Annex II of the Habitats Directive occur. These are early-successional species, whose numbers in next successions phases decrease or after several years completely disappear. The analyzed flora differs in terms of life forms, ecological requirements related to the habitat mosaics. The fragments of sand quarry that were where are not reclaimed can play important role in nature conservation not only in local level but even on supra-regional scale. Hence, this object is a place for many rare, threatened with extinction species and plant communities as substitute habitats. The conservation of such species and plant communities in sand quarry needed active protection. It consists in maintaining the initial stages of succession and preventing the formation of the forest.
Implementation of a GIS-based pilot application for roads management applied to the conservation and maintenance of unpaved low traffic roads
Authors: Vega Johnny , Rodriguez Mario , Alarcon Luisa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The lack of updating and unreliability of information has become one of the main problems that occur in the area of management of unpaved roads in developing countries as Colombia. Therefore, a GIS-based application was developed which allows keeping updated all the information at the structural and functional level of the road, and to control the premature pavement deterioration favouring the support for making decisions in management activities of the unpaved road network. In the municipality of Urrao (Antioquia), a research proposal on “La Encarnación” road was proposed. The Road Trial Section (RTS) is part of a bidirectional 3rd level road, which has 240 m-length and a 4 m-width. The RTS was divided into eight segments or cells (30 m-length), where each of them was stabilized with different conventional and unconventional materials (cement, hydrated lime, coal ash, brick dust, sulfonated oil, polymer and sugarcane sludge). Based on the results gathered in six pavement performance follow-up and evaluation campaigns, a geospatial database (GDB) was designed. This GDB is the core of the application “SGVVT Urrao v1.0” which is able to represent graphically the behaviour of the tests of functionality and the bearing capacity carried out (International Roughness Index, slip resistance, surface macro texture, lightweight deflectometer and visual inspection). The application is able to forecast the deterioration values allowing the prioritization of rehabilitation activities for the most affected sections in a given time period which is possible to extend the useful life of the roads, reduce the operation cost of the vehicles, and guarantee the road safety and the comfort of the unpaved road network users.
Foundation of the Building on Short Concrete Piles in a Thin Layer of Non-Cohesive Soils
Authors: Gaska Piotr , Straz Grzegorz 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents measurable benefits resulting from optimization of selection, appropriate for local ground-water conditions, type of foundation of a high residential and service building with ten residential floors, two service and two underground ones. The original design solution expected the replacement of up to 8.5 m p.p.t. soft cohesive soils (including organic ones) on gravel mixed with sands. The foundation of the high building is planned as a direct foundation on depth of 6.9 m below ground surface on a foundation slab under a residential part and the service part on a foundation framework on the prepared substitute-subsoil. After a detailed analysis of the data, the contractor reported the possibility of engineering optimization initially the pre-engineering adopted in the project foundation, significantly reducing the investment costs. It was proposed to change the direct foundation on indirect on short foundation piles with a diameter of 600 mm, the base of which is located in the subsoil, shallowly located layer of gravel mixed with coarse sands, about 2,0 m thick. Below the granular soilslayer there is at least several dozen meter thick layer of Krakowiec clays. Numerical simulations of the foundation were made, from which it appears that due to the settlement of the building, it is more advantageous to form the piles shallowly in the non-cohesive soils layer rather than deeper. An additional benefit of the adopted solution - foundation of the building on concrete piles - allowed to reduce the trench by 1.5 m and to protect the sheet piles with only one level of struts inside the trench. The settlements values predicted in the numerical model, have been verified by monitoring, which was carried out during construction as well as during the five-year operation of the building. The real settlements of the building reached the level of 45.8% of settlements values of the numerical model, of which 37.5% of real settlements occurred at the stage of completion shell of the building. The discrepancy between the real and model values of settlements may result from the underestimation of the soil medium parameters in the numerical model.