bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of a three-component hydrogel composite and study of kinetic and thermodynamic applications of adsorption of some positive and negative dyes from their aqueous solutions
Authors: Adheem Hamzah M. , Jasim Layth S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe composite hydrogels (AAC-co-AM)-g-MCC based on microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) were synthesized by free radical polymerization in an aqueous suspension of (MCC) which use as initiator for the reaction, the structure and surfaces of hydrogels was characterized and analyzed with (FTIR), Xray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), (FE-SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).The adsorption mechanisms understand the dyes on surface of composite by thermodynamic Study of adsorption process Which include measuring the Enthalpy and Entropy and Gibbs energy, In addition, the dyes adsorption process accorded with pseudo-second-order rate equation, It also showed that adsorption isotherm of the composite Hydrogel is govern by Langmuir and Friendlish equations, The adsorption of dyes is a Physical adsorption, Based on structure analysis and adsorption kinetics of composite, the adsorption process was controlled by the ion-exchange mechanism.
Evaluation of nanostructures for wastewater in removing heavy elements and their effect on pea plant growth(Pisum sativum)
Authors: Tayob Oday Fareed , Khaleel Rana Ibrahim , Mahdi Wael Mohammed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The study was conducted to find out to what extent non-conventional water utilization in the agricultural field is possible, e.g., wastewater treated with nanomaterial alternatives. The research encompassed two laboratory experiments: The first one was to discover the efficiency of the nanomaterial used to remove heavy elements, such as (Cu, Mn, Zn), from raw wastewater and the laboratory concentrations were () mg × L−1; and the second one was to test the effect of Nano-treated water on the percentage of pea seed germination in sterile plastic pots and three duplicates per parameter as a vital indicator. The experiment parameters included: (T1) tap water; (T2) raw wastewater; and (T3) Nano-treated wastewater using TiO2. As for the third experiment, it was field-implemented by cultivating the plastic pots in the greenhouse of the Department of Life Sciences, University of Samarra, at the onset of January 2019 to see the effect of Nano-treatment, used on concentrations of the heavy element of zinc, on the vegetative parts of the local pea plant.
Enhanced cellular uptake and anti-cancer potentials of gold nanoparticles conjugated with cell penetration peptide against lung cancer cells
Authors: Al-Dulimi Ali G. , Al-Saffar Ali Z. , Sulaiman Ghassan M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGold nanoparticles (GNPs) are often conjugated in the biomedical field with biocompatible peptides, although the effect of biocompatible GNP peptides on cellular responses is still not clearly understood. In the current study, GNPs with / without peptide were used as model probes to investigate the cytotoxicity to the human lung cancer cell line (A457) and human normal breast epithelial cell line (HBL-100). GNPs and GNPs-RGD preparation was confirmed and characterized using UV – VIS spectrophotometer, FE-SEM, FTIR, and TEM. The anticancer effect to A457 cell line was estimated using MTT assay. Our results show that the GNP-RGD had found significant tumor targeted efficacy and decrease in proliferation of A457 cell line compared with HBL-100 which appeared normal growth. Overall, our finding suggests a potential therapeutic effect of GNPs-RGD as a novel anti-cancer drug to be further developed and offer a beneficial targeting therapy.
The Antibacterial activity of Spirulina platensis aqueous extract and Chitosan nanoparticles on bacterial isolates from different human Sources
Authors: Nayyef Sura H. , Thalij Karkaz M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study has involved the test of antibacterial activity for Spirulina platensis aqueous extract (SPAE) and Chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Granulicatella adicans that isolated from different infection sources. The results were showed that 200mg/ml of SPAE showed an ability to inhibition of bacterial isolates at inhibition zone diameters IZD at 22, 20, 25, 13, 11, 26 and 11 mm. While the 100mg/ml of CHNPs was inhibited effects at 37, 29, 27, 37, 38, 41 and 36 mm respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration MIC of SPAE against P. aeruginosa, K.pneumonia, E. coli, S. pneumonia was at 50%, while S. paucimobilis, G. adicans and S. aureus were at 100%. The used of 75mg/ml of SPAE or 12.5 mg/ml from CHNPs have significant synergism inhibition effects with each 25 μg Amoxicillin, 10 μg Ciprofloxacin and 15 μg of Azithromycin against the bacterial isolates compared with the antibiotic actions alone.
The conclusion was showed that SPAE and CHNPs has inhibiton activity against the bacterial isolates and increased significantly when mixture with the antibiotics.
Theoretical Study for Some Physical Concept
Authors: Jabbar Rashid Hashim , Hilal Israa Hadi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aims to verify the possibility of converting the charge into energy as is the case in converting the mass into a charge according to the law of the relationship between the charge and the mass of Einstein, as well as calculating the wavelength accompanying the charge carried by the moving charged body, as well as studying the phenomenon of producing a pair more deeply.
Assessment of radioactivity and radiological hazards in some flooring materials used in Karbala governorate, Iraq
Authors: Omron Auras Muse , Salim Manar Dheyaa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The radioactivity concentrations of 40K, 232Th and 238U in 20 specimens of commercial flooring materials used in Karbala governorate, were measured using (HPGe) system. The results of measurements have shown that highest value of specific activity of for 238U which was 294.570Bq/kg (granite; Vietnamese origin), 232Th which was 88.808Bq/kg (granite; Italian origin) and 40K which was 284.580Bq/kg (marbles; Iranian origin), which were less than the worldwide average (UNSCEAR,2000). The various hazard indices were also calculated to assess the radiation hazard. It was found that none of the results exceed the recommended limit value. All specimens in this paper are within the recommended safety limit and do not present huge radiation dangers.
Physical and biological synthesis of GNPs and keratin nanoparticles from chicken’s feather and applications
Authors: Khamees Entidhar Jasim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we aim to synthesize keratin nanoparticles from chicken’s feather. Crude keratin was extracted by chemical method. We obtained results for keratin nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. In this study, gold nanoparticles (GNps prepared by way Laser Ablation) with keratin nanoparticles for the production of antibacterial materials. NPs samples were characterized using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The absorption spectra were measure by UV-Visible, double beam spectrophotometer. Three types of pathogenic bacteria were used in this study (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli) in addition to one opportunistic yeast (Candida albicans). Nano-creatine particles can be used for wound dressing as well as cosmetic preparation.
The Morphology and Electrical Characterization for external doping (POT)
Authors: Rajab Manal. Z. , Ziadan Kareema. M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, Poly (o-toluidine) have been Built up by oxidizing polymerization (o-toluidine) in an acid medium. The polymer was distinguished by emissions by EDX, SEM, and the electron. external doping has been used. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is a solvent used in a thin-film mixture. Two-probe methods have been used in the measurement of electrical conductivity. The effect of different temperatures on conductivity has been studied. We find low conductivity about 0.0202* 10−4 S/cm.
Classification of Optical Images of Cervical Lymph Node Cells
Authors: Attia Salim J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
the study considers the optical classification of cervical nodal lymph cells and is based on research into the development of a Computer Aid Diagnosis (CAD) to detect the malignancy cases of diseases. We consider 2 sets of features one of them is the statistical features; included Mode, Median, Mean, Standard Deviation and Maximum Probability Density and the second set are the features that consist of Euclidian geometrical features like the Object Perimeter, Area and Infill Coefficient. The segmentation method is based on following up the cell and its background regions as ranges in the minimum-maximum of pixel values. The decision making approach is based on applying of Minimum Distance which give accuracy of 97%.
Effect of Solar radiation induced and alpha particles on Nonlinear behavior of PM-355 film
Authors: Al-Salihi Abdalrahman , Salim Rusul D. , Fakher Alfahed R. K. , Badran Hussain A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the current work of radiology, polymeric sheets of the PM-355 nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) were exposed with α-particles and solar radiation for several exposure times. The absorption spectrum of samples exposed to the sun showed that the edge of the absorption accidentally changed to longer wavelengths. An investigation of continue waveguide laser effects on the nonlinear absorption properties of nuclear track polymer has been done. Non-linear absorption increases with increasing levels of exposure to sunlight and is highly connected to revealed surface morphology and chemical structural modifications. In case of high solar radiation flux and α-particles irradiation, the nuclear track detectors showed high nonlinearities, represented by the appearance of a number of diffraction rings.
Nuclear Structure and Energy Levels of 158Er, 160Yb and 162Hf Isotones
Authors: Kassim Huda H. , Al-Jubbori Mushtaq Abed , Yousif Mutasim M. , Ahmed Imad M. , Sharrad Fadhil I. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The properties of even-even158Er, 160Yb and 162Hf isotones are studied and its energy states calculated. To identify the properties of each isotone, the values of the first excited states

E

2
1
+

and the ratio of the second to the first excited states

R

4
/
2

=
E

4
1
+

/
E

2
1
+

were adopted. The phenomenon of back-bending, the E-GOS curve and the odd-even staggering were studied. Examining the algebraic structure of the Bohr model (BM) clarified the relationship with the interacting vector boson model (IVBM) and the interacting boson model (IBM) which it has related solvable limits and corresponding dynamical symmetries. BM, IVBM and IBM were used to calculate the energy states for each isotone and compared with the experimental data. The results showed that the BM and IVBM are more comfort than the calculation of IBM-1. The contour plots of the potential energy surface (PES) to the IBM Hamiltonian for Er–Hf with N = 90 have been obtained using the intrinsic coherent state and evolve from deformed shapes to γ- unstable with decreasing the boson number.
Energy levels and electromagnetic transitions of some eveneven and even-odd Barium Isotopes
Authors: Mutsher Saher M. , Salman Emad A. , Sharrad Fadhil I. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the nuclear structure of Barium nuclei has been studied by interacting boson model. The properties of eigenstates and reduce probability of electric transition and potential energy surface have been calculated. The nuclei understudy has proton number equal 56 and neutron numbers 75 and 76. The results of energy states and B(E2) values have been compared with the experimental data. These comparisons show that acceptable between the calculations and experimental data. The parameters which used in the calculation have been estimated and give best approximation. The shape of potential energy surface show that the even-even nucleus have O(6) dynamical symmetry.
Improving the attenuation Ability of gamma rays for silicate glass system composites (GS-PbO): a comparative theoretical study
Authors: Alhammashi Milad A.R. , ALattabi Hadi D. , Aldhuhaibat Mohammed J. R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) were calculated for seven models distributed between the ordinary concrete (Conc.), The silicate glass system (GS), and the composite of (1-x)GS-(x)PbO, where x = 0.15, 0.3, 0.45, 0.6, and 0.75 fractions by weight (wt), using the XCOM and XMuDat programs for the range of gamma photon energies from 0.1-50MeV. The results of the calculations of the linear attenuation coefficient (μ), the half value layer (HVL), the relaxation distance length (λ), and the transmission factor (T) showed a marked improvement in the ability of radiation attenuation when increasing the concentration of the reinforcement material in the composites. In general, the values of μ were inversely proportional and the values of HVL, λ, and T were exponentially proportional with increasing gamma photon energy values up to 10MeV, after which their behavior was gradually slightly reversed for all samples of the composites. Finally, the results showed that μ increased exponentially, at 0.662, 1.173, and 1.333MeV energies, with the increase in the reinforcement material which achieved the highest values at the energy of 0.662MeV. Also, the values of HVL, λ, and T of different thickness values of shield material decrease linearly with increasing reinforcement material, and T values increase significantly with increased sample thickness for all types of shields.
Synthesis and analysis of gold nanoparticles produced by laser
Authors: Al Hassan Mu’ataz S. , Alali Najeh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Gold nanoparticles are produced by employed nanosecond pulses of Nd:YAG laser using laser ablation process in liquid. The two systems used are Nd:YAG of 6 and 10 nanoseconds pulse duration with variable energy in the range (700-760 mJ ). The formation of gold nanoparticles has been rerealed using TEM with uniform size distribution. Also, it has been discovered that the mean nanoparticles sizes of 70 and 100 nm for gold respectively when similar laser parameters are used. In addition, theoretical Mie-Gans model was used to estimate the temperature distributions for both gold nanoparticles. Another aspect that has been discovered is that the maximum temperature of about (40 k K° ) and (60 k K°) for gold nanoparticles, especially to prepare nanoparticles in the presence of Nd:YAG of 10 ns.
Plasma Parameters Generated from Iron Spectral Lines By Using LIBS Technique
Authors: Ahmed Baida M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An interesting LIBS technique was used to investigate the optical emission spectral plasma of iron metal properties. To generate plasma from the surface Fe, Q-switched Nd-YAG laser with wavelength 532 nm and a focal length 10 cm was used with different energies (500-800) mJ. Then plasma parameters were calculated; electron density ne ranged between (0.92-1.4) × 1018 cm−3, the electron temperature Te was in the range of (2.19-2.59) eV. These calculations were done using Boltzmann’s plot and the Stark broadening respectively depending on the experimental spectrum, and followed up to estimate the others plasma parameters, Debye length (λD), frequency (fp
) and the Debye sphere (ND). Results indicate that plasma parameters are proportional to the energy of laser due to the increase in the intensity of spectral lines energy, and that plasma shielding of iron increases with laser energy in the range of (3.2-4.3).
Calculating of crystalline size, strain and Degree of crystallinity of the compound (HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+σ) by different method
Authors: Kamil Mustafa K. , Jasim Kareem A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study the compound Hg Ba2Ca2Cu3O8+σ was fabricated by RF-sputtering technique on the quartz substrate with a temperature of 100°C. The study of the diffraction of X-ray on The nature of the crystallizing of Hg Ba2Ca2Cu3O8+σ one Crystal system tetragonal structures. The Full width at half maximum (FWHM) was calculated by the Orange Pro program by using X-RAY data. The crystalline size and stress were calculated by Scherrer Williamson-Hall Halder-Wagner and size-strain plot methods Where the average of crystalline size and stress (54.5 nm 5.8 X 10−3) respectively.and Degree of crystallinity was equal to (33.6%)
Finding Bulk etch rate VB using the maximum value of the Lmax effect using practical diameters calculated from the falling alpha particles on the CR-39 nuclear track detector
Authors: Muhamad Laith Mounir , Qassem Yasser Yahya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA lot of research was focused on studying the engineering shape of the impact and its development and finding its parameters. It was based on pictures of the side effects of the effects formed in the detector as a result of the detector’s etching. Obtaining pictures of the side effects of the effects to measure their lengths is a difficult process compared to its diameters. There are many methods used to find Bulk etch rate VB including gravimetric method or thickness difference; but we will use in this research an alternative method to find VB which is the maximum value method for saturation of the effect length “Lmax-method”. Using the source Am241 (1μCi) emitting alpha particles in irradiation of the PDAC CR-39 irradiation With MeV energies (2.3,3.3,4.3), the detectors etching by NaOH aqueous solution at different concentrations (N: 6,7,8) at a temperature of 70±1 °C, we suggested in our research a D-Le calibration method that is based on direct experimental measurement of the diameters of the projected effects in Detector instead of lengths. An empirical relationship was used to find VB, which depends on the maximum values of saturation of effects lengths and their saturation times. The results we obtained for VB values at the concentrations used were (1.199,1.490,2.184) μm h−1in order and they correspond well to the values resulting from different methods, it is observed The Bulk etch rate increases with the concentration of the abrasive solution, and the maximum values of saturation of the effect length are directly proportional to the energy of the bombing particles and the time of saturation of the impact lengths.
Track parameters investigate of oblique incident of alpha particles irradiated CR-39 detector
Authors: Khalil Yasser Taha , Al-Jubbori Mushtaq Abed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, the track etch-rate VT and etch-rate ratio V of CR-39 detector irradiated by alpha particles was investigated at different incident angles. The change of the track etch-rate and etch-rate ratio along the particle trajectories showed that these functions are not affected by the inclination of the particle trajectory with respect to the normal on the detector surface.
Sensing Characteristics of Nanostructured PANI/Ag Thin Films as H2S Gas Sensor
Authors: Akber Hassan J. , Razeg Khalid H. , Ibrahim Isam M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nanocomposites of polyaniline (PANI) and Silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully synthesis using hydrothermal and chemical method respectively. The nanocomposite films were deposited by spin coating technique on Si substrates and examined using XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, FT-IR techniques as well as their sensing properties were studied towards H2S gas. The XRD pattern showed a presence of crystalline nature of PANI NFs film and cubic structure of PANI/Ag films. FE-SEM images revealed that PANI film has nanofibers structure, whereas the PANI/Ag films composite revealed that Ag NPs caped with PANI nanofiber. The sensing analysis indicated that on exposure to H2S gas at low concentration 25 ppm, it was observed that the PANI/Ag films sensor composite showed high sensitivity compared with pure PANI NFs, and the maximum sensitivity (73.35%) was obtained at 200 °C with faster response/recovery times < 1 sec.
Synthesis and temperature Effect of ZnO nanoparticle seeding layer and nanorods
Authors: Rahim Hasien Ali , Salman Emad A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Zinc oxide nanostructured with different seeding layer annealing temperature have been synthesized by drop casting technique on FTO coated glass substrate. The optimized seeding layer have employed to synthesis ZnO nanorods were growth aqueous solutions method of zinc nitrate and HML as precursors with different growth temperatures.
FESEM supported by EDS results showed significant information of ZnO topographic surface. X- Ray diffraction scan demonstrate a hexagonal wurtzite structure with c-axis orientation of the ZnO nanorods. Strong ultraviolet (UV) emission of ZnO nanorods has detected by UV visible measurement. The obtained results have analyzed optimize annealing temperature of ZnO seeding layer and suitable growth temperature of ZnO nanorods, with crystal hexagonal ZnO nanorods and homogenous distribution with 95°C growth temperature
Enhancement of the Structural and Optical Properties of (PVA-PANI) Polymer Blend By Addition of CuI Nanoparticles
Authors: Hammed Mohammed Ghazi , Hassan Ahmed Abd 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
PVA:PANI/CuI thin film composites have been prepared by adding (CuI) particles to the mixture of the poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and conductive polyaniline (PANI) with various concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% wt) using casting method technique on a glass substrate at laboratory temperature. The prepared thin film samples have lightweight, low cost, and flexible. The morphological, structural, and optical properties of these composites were examined by using Fourier transform - infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).
The effects of CuI concentrations on the optical properties of the PVA:PANI thin films were studied in the region of wavelength (190-1100) nm. The results are presented the prepared thin films have high values of absorption in UV range. Increasing CuI nanoparticle concentrations lead to increases the absorbance of (PVA:PANI) blend. The optical coefficients rise while the energy gap and transmittance falls with increasing CuI nanoparticle concentrations.
Prediction of Mechanical Behaviors of the Q & P980 Steel Under Different Temperatures and Strain Rates Using Crystal Plasticity Method
Authors: Yang Hao , Wang Huamiao , Li Dayong , Peng Yinghong , Wu Peidong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The martensitic transformation in quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steels is greatly influenced by loading conditions such as environmental temperature and loading speed, and thus impacts the macroscopic mechanical properties during the deformation process. Within this work, an elastic-visco-plastic self-consistent (EVPSC) framework coupling with phase transformation model is used to simulate the stress strain responses as well as the microstructure evolution of the multi-phases Q& P980 steel under uniaxial tension process. A temperature and strain rate dependent transformation kinetics is incorporated into the model and phase transformation behaviors of the Q& P980 steel under different temperatures (25°C∼100 °C) and strain rates (0.0002s-1∼2s-1) are successfully characterized. The corresponding stress strain responses under different loading conditions are predicted and compared with the experimental data.