bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of maximum power point tracking techniques for fuel cell powered electric vehicle
Authors: Peer Mohamed A. , Vijaya Chandrakala K. R. M. , Saravanan S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System (FCS) based power generation is considered for powering electric vehicle in this paper. PEMFCS delivers a fresh and best substitute to the conservative vestige fuel-based methods which is the green future. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method is essential to elicit utmost accessible power from FCS. Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (INC) method is implemented as MPPT technique. In the this work, Brush Less DC (BLDC) motor is connected to load, fed by a Fuel Cell System (FCS) through Boost Converter (BC). The efficient MPPT technique is observed using MATLAB/Simulink.
Synthesis and structural properties of gold nanoparticles by the chemical reduction method using sodium borohydride
Authors: Mahdi Hadeel Salih , Parveen Azra , Azam Ameer 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Sodium borohydride has been utilized to synthesize Au-NPs as stabilizing agents. The characterization of Au-NPs have been done by different techniques. X-ray diffraction machine has been used to study the structural properties of Au-NPs, which shows that the Au-NPs were in spherical and cubic structure. The surface morphology and the elemental composition of Au-NPs were analysed by SEM attached with the EDAX. UV-visible spectroscopy has been utilized to study the optical properties which shows the absorption peak of Au-NPs at 521nm. The crystallite size of Au-NPs was calculated via Debye-Scherrer and come out to be 12 nm.
Optical band gap, Urbach energy and Defect related Photoluminescence in Ni0.95 Al0.05O Nanostructure
Authors: Naseem Siddique M. , Ahmed Ateeq , Ali T. , Tripathi P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Ni1−xAlxO (x = 0.05) nanocrystalline synthesized by chemical route using sol gel method calcined at 600 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been carried out to study the morphology for our sample. In addition, UV-visible spectroscopy has been carried out to determine the optical band-gap energy (3.92 eV) via Tauc model with associated Urbach (EU) energy (1.78 eV) that confirms the increased disorder with Al (x=0.05) incorporation into NiO lattice. The deconvoluted PL spectrum using Gaussian function of sample exhibits violet and green emission when NiO is doped with Al (x=0.05) which are indicative of Ni interstitial (Nii) and oxygen vacancy (Vo), respectively.
Fabrication of proton exchange membranes and effect of sulfonated SiO2 (S-SiO2) in sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) for fuel cells applications
Authors: Ali Mawlood Maajal , Rizvi S. J. A. , Azam Ameer 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The fabrication of composite proton exchange membrane from the sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) and sulfonated SiO2 (S-SiO2) have been investigated for energy production. In this work, inorganic fillers have been incorporated successfully in the organic polymer matrix. The degree of sulfonation (DS) and ion exchange capacity (IEC) were measured by back titration method and observed around 46.4 % and 1.43 mmol/gm, respectively. DS and IEC were found is increase with the increase of the amount of S-SiO2 which reached to 56.5 % and 1.69 mmol/gm, respectively. Water uptake in percent was increased in the SPEEK/S-SiO2 membrane due to increasing the sulfuric acid groups (-SO3H), that lead to increasing the hydrophilic channels, the swelling ratio in percent was slightly increased. The proton conductivity of the SPEEK membrane was around 17.4 mS/cm and increased with increasing the amount of S-SiO2. The highest proton conductivity observed at SPEEK/0.3 S-SiO2 was around 53.7 mS/cm. suggesting its use in fuel cell for energy production.
Frequency Dependent Dielectric Response in Sr doped SnO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Ahmed Ateeq , Naseem Siddique M. , Ali T. , Tripathi P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this work, we have investigated the structural and dielectric properties of Sr doped SnO2 nanoparticles synthesized via sol-gel process. Single phase tetragonal rutile structure of Sr doped SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) have been examined by X-ray diffraction. No impurity peak has been detected which signifies the purity of the prepared sample. Average crystallite size has been calculated using Scherrer’s formula and found to be 10.3 nm. Dielectric measurements have been carried out in the frequency range of 75 kHz to 5 MHz using LCR meter. Dielectric constant and loss both decrease with increase in frequency while increased in ac conductivity is observed with frequency such behaviour can be explained using Maxwell-Wagner two-layer model.
Influence of Fe Doping on Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Properties of MgO nanoparticles
Authors: Bhargava Richa , Khan Shakeel , Ahmad Naseem , Nizam Ansari Mohd Mohsin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we report the synthesis of pure MgO and Fe-MgO (Mg0.90Fe0.10O) nanoparticles (NPs) by co-precipitation method. The structural properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) which reveal that the pure and Fe-MgO NPs have a cubic structure. The functional groups of the as-synthesized samples were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Optical properties of the as-synthesized samples were studied by UV-vis spectroscopy in the range of 200-700 nm and the energy band gap was calculated by Tauc relation. The frequency dependence of dielectric constant, dielectric loss and ac conductivity were studied over a range of the frequency 42Hz to 5MHz at room temperature.
Effects of added Secondary Dielectric material on the Performance of a Microstrip patch Antenna
Authors: Bhanu chander U , Prakash P , Piramasubramanian S , Ganesh Madhan M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Micro strip patch antennas are normally fabricated on the surface of a dielectric material. Due to various reasons, the replacement of the surface material and modifications in area are not possible, once the antenna is fabricated. In some cases, the operating frequency and bandwidth of the antenna needs to be altered without changing the substrate. This paper investigates a dual dielectric patch antenna and analyses the performances of the antenna under the combined dielectric layers inside the cavity. Initially, a patch antenna is designed for a resonant frequency with a widely used dielectric material, FR4 and after which another dielectric layer is added. The performance of the antenna is evaluated using Method of moments solver in ADS software. The thickness sharing percentage of the secondary dielectric material was linearly increased from 10% to 90% in simulation. The analysis shows an emergence of another band due to the introduction of secondary dielectric layer. Measurements also confirm the simulation results and notable change in reflection coefficient with bandwidth enhancement is observed.
Structural and electrical properties of lead-free Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 ceramic
Authors: Vishnunarayanan S. , Vaishnavi K S , Suresh Pittala , Anil Kumar P S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Lead-free Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BCZT) ceramic has been prepared by solgel synthesis method. The effect of sintering temperature on the structure of BCZT ceramic was investigated. X-ray Diffraction studies show the suppression of secondary phase TiO2 with an increase in sintering temperature. The formation oftetragonal-orthorhombic morphotropic phase boundary is observed at the sintering temperature of 1350 °C. Polarization (P) versus electric field (E) measurementshows a remnant polarization of 1.32 µC/cm2 and coercive field of 4.33 kV/cm.
Solar powered desktop CNC machine for fabric and paper cutting
Authors: Pillai Sarun P , Abhiram B R , Kumar Akshay S , Ashish U S , Harikrishnan G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the modern era Computerized Numeric control (CNC) machines are widely used in most of the industries around the world. Nowadays this technology has been used in almost all industries for different operations like cutting, milling, welding, etc. This paper presents the design and manufacturing of a solar powered, portable LASER CNC machine for cutting paper and fabric. The design procedure includes the calculations for finding torque required to run the machine, Factor of Safety etc. Modelling and analysis of the machine is carried out using soft wares like Solid Works and Ansys. The electronic circuit included in the assembly will convert the G-Codes into movements of CNC machine. Incorporation of Solar panels into the assembly helped to make this CNC machine work on clean energy. The results show that the machine is feasible at a reasonable cost for applications where speed and repeatability is achieved while not compromising on accuracy.
Effect of hole doping on the structure and magnetic properties of hexagonal Zr0.2Lu0.8FeO3 ceramics
Authors: Dua S , Pittala S , Anil Kumar P S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Zr4+ doped multiferroic LuFeO3 (LFO) samples were prepared by a sol-gel reaction method and the effect of doping on structural, electric and magnetic properties are evaluated and compared with pure LFO. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement confirm that the pure and Zr doped LFO exists in the hexagonal crystal structure with space group P63cm. The unit cell parameters and the volume of Zr0.2Lu0.8FeO3 (ZLFO) are greater than that of the undoped LFO. Magnetic measurements for ZLFO sample show a weak ferromagnetic-like behaviour at room temperature with M
r ∼ 0.013 emu/g and finite coercivity. Hence, the paramagnetic LFO transformed to the weak ferromagnetic at room temperature upon Zr doping.
Improved Grain distribution in polymer thin films after electric polarization
Authors: Pandey C K , Pandey Vineet K , Bajpai Manisha , Srivastava Ritu , Shukla Gyanendra P , Dixit C K , Dhar Ravindra 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this research, the effect of electric polarization on the kinematics and distribution of grain growth and grain size respectively in organic thin film of poly (2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1, 4-phynylenevinylene) MEH-PPV conducting polymer have been studied. An atomic force microscope was used to measure the grain size of the MEH-PPV thin films. We developed surface morphological data and analyzed. The data shows major asymmetric grain growth (from spherical grains at room temperature to lingered needle like-shapes after polarization) under an application of electric field during cooling of polymer film. The grains show evidence of highly ordered, domain-oriented arrangement of MEH-PPV grains after polarization.
Covalent functionalization and characterization of Single-walled carbon nanotubes with Cu (II) complexes of meso-tetra(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin
Authors: Veetil Vyshnavi T , Prabhavathi G , Yamuna R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
5,10,15,20-tetra(4-aminophenyl)porphyrinatocopper(II) [CuTAP] was covalently linked via amide bond with SWCNTs. Notable changes in the FT-IR spectra reveal the covalent linking of the porphyrin chromophore with SWCNTs. Further, covalent functionalization was confirmed by the hypsochromic shift of this nano-hybrid in the UV-visible spectra as compared to that of pristine CuTAP. 38 % weight loss observed in the TGA due to the extent of Cu-TAP functionalization. Morphology study of this nano-hybrid reveals the tubular structure, which is retained even after covalent functionalization. SWCNT-CuTAP nano-hybrid shows the hypsochromic shift and hypochromic shift compared to reported TAP or Zn-TAP due to Cu metal ion substitution.
Synthesis and Characterization of Shape Memory Polymers
Authors: Ranganatha Swamy M K , Mallikarjun U S , Udayakumar V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have gained a lot of importance in essential and basic research to modern and common applications since they have risen as a practical and proficient other option to understood metallic shape-memory composites. Among them, shape memory polymers claim assorted applications, for example, aviation, vehicles, biomedical, apply autonomy, sensors and actuators because of adaptability in union with various kinds of atomic plans by changing their synthesis and characterization methods. In this paper, the blend and portrayal of shape memory polyurethanes, in light of two-advance polymerization, is clarified. The hard portion of SMPU was made out of diisocyanate and a chain extender. Further, the delicate fragment was set up by polyols with various molecular weights. Contingent upon the structure of the integrated polyurethanes, the materials introduced diverse properties. Portrayal was performed by methods for TEM and X-Ray diffractogram (XRD). Moreover, mechanical properties and shape memory impact were additionally controlled by shape recovery test and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA).
Design and simulation of fluid flow in paper based microfluidic platforms
Authors: Madhu Nidhin T , Resmi P E , Pradeep Aarathi , Satheesh Babu T G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Computational simulation for the fluid flow in a paper based microfluidic system was performed and was experimentally validated in this work. Comsol Multiphysics based simulation was performed and the module used was species transport in porous medium. Two separate simulation for the reagent distribution and the interaction of sample with the immobilized reagent in paper based microfluidics devices were carried out. This was performed by varying the parameters such as adsorption constant, diffusivity and average velocity of fluid in the porous medium for finding the concentration profile. Finer mesh were used for the simulation which gives more accurate results with less computational time. The reagent distribution was experimentally validated by dropping methylorange indicator over Whatman filter paper.
Fluorescence Imaging of E. coli using CdSe Quantum Dots
Authors: Mohan Drishya , Pathak Abhishek , Resmi P E , Suneesh P V , Satheesh Babu T G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Rapid and reliable method for the selective detection of pathogenic bacteria is critical in environmental monitoring, disease control, food safety and for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. In this study, we have synthesized hydrophilic fluorescent CdSe Quantum dots (CDSe QDs) and characterized using UV-Vis, IR and fluorescence spectroscopy. Crystallinity of the synthesized Qdots were analysed using XRD. As synthesized CdSe QDs were used for the imaging of buccal epithelial cells and pathogenic bacteria. Selectivity of CdSe QDs to detect E. coli was improved by the functionalization of QDs with glycerol. Easy imaging steps and decreased imaging time with the current procedure shows the potential for biomedical imaging.
Effect of Streamline Curvature on Heat Transfer in Turbulent Flow over Backward Facing Step
Authors: Sajesh P , Jayakumar J S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The present investigation is to find the enhancement of heat transfer in the recirculation region when additional centrifugal forces due to streamline curvature are imposed on to the shear-layer. Backward Faced Step (BFS) have got great importance to study the separated and recirculating flows and their heat and mass transfer effects due to its geometrical simplicity. The effects of the radial pressure gradient existing in case of the curved stream line and how it affects the turbulence are investigated in this present study. The stabilizing and destabilizing effects with heat transfer have been studied in this paper for three different curvatures (flat, concave, and convex). Numerical results obtained by the use of the open source code OpenFOAM-3.0.1 is compared with the experimental results. The three-dimensional analysis has been done using an aspect ratio of 18 (AR=18:1) at Reynolds number based on step height as 80000. The distribution of Nusselt number (Nu), skin friction coefficient (Cf), and coefficient of pressure (Cp) were found on the bottom wall with close heed. The results show that the convex surface stabilizes the flow whereas the concave surface introduce more disturbances and destabilizes the flow.
Thermo-elastic free vibration analysis of functionally graded flat panel with temperature gradient along thickness
Authors: Ranjan S , Khan R , Dash S , Sharma N , Mahapatra T R , Panda S K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the free vibration behavior of functionally graded (FG) flat panels subjected to temperature gradient along the thickness direction is investigated by utilizing the temperature independent as well as dependent material properties. The FG panels are modeled using ANSYS commercial package in the framework of first-order shear deformation theory. The convergence and the validity of the present model have been established by comparing the present results with the benchmark results available in published literature. Subsequently, the influence of elevated temperature load, aspect ratio, thickness ratio, and support conditions on the non-dimensional fundamental frequency is investigated by varying the gradient index of the FG panel. The temperature and the consideration of the temperature dependence of the material properties is found have significant influence on the fundamental frequency of the FG panel. The effect of other design parameters on the natural frequency of the FG flat panel under thermal environment has also been examined and discussed in detail.
Surface modification of Ni-hard 4 cast iron with titanium using GTA heat source
Authors: Raghul Anandh K.S. , Thilipkumar K. , Saravanan R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Ni hard 4 cast iron has high strength and wear resistance material used in pipe fittings, concrete mixture, etc. In this study, improve the surface property like hardness, wear resistance of Ni hard 4 cast iron and adding alloying element like Titanium grade 2 (0.6mm) sheet on the surface using Gas Tungsten Arc as heat source. The hardness was taken at the base and modified area and it is increased from 597.5 HV to 1435 HV. Wear rate was found to be 4.7 for base and 0.15 for modified layer. The wear resistance is improved because of the formation of titanium carbide hard phase in the modified layer. The titanium carbide phase is formed and it was observed by XRD analysis. In the elemental composition analysis the presence of titanium 10 wt% was observed in the modified area.
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Selection and/or Peer-review under responsibility of International Conference on Advances in Materials and Manufacturing Applications [IConAMMA 2018].
2D Higher order triangular mesh generation in irregular domain for finite element analysis using MATLAB
Authors: Devi Supriya , Nagaraja K. V. , Jayan Sarada , Smitha T. V. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an automated mesh generation for straight and curved sided irregular domains with unstructured two dimensional higher order triangular elements. The present higher order (HO) scheme has been implemented on the basis of subparametric transformations which are extracted from the nodal relations of parabolic arcs especially used for the curved domains. This new restructured meshing scheme is based on distmesh2d introduced by Persson and Gilbert Strang. In this work a higher order triangular mesh for two irregular domains star shaped domain and a circle inscribed in a rectangle has been constructed. These in turn is able to find its application in abundant flow problems and thermodynamics. Present innovative meshing scheme provides a refined and improved high quality meshes for these domains and produce accurate results of the node position, boundary edges and element connectivity for the discretized element. This is an advantage in executing finite element method with less computational efforts in practical engineering applications over the irregular domains.
Mesh generation techniques for numerical integration of arbitrary function over polygonal domain by finite element method
Authors: Shivaram K.T. , Jyothi H.R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a new approach is introduced for approximating two dimensional surface integral proble ms numerically over a convex, non convex reg ions such integrals are typically occur in boundary element method (BEM), the approach given here is domain discretized method by influence of quadrilateral mesh generation technique, then apply Gauss Legendre quadrature rule to generate Gaussian points over convex, nonconvex region. The performances of this method are illustrated with numerical examp les.
Exploration of selected room temperature magneto caloric materials using COMSOL multiphysics
Authors: Gombi Shrirang Mohan , Sahu Debjyoti 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Estimation of magneto-caloric effect is crucial to determine a material’s suitability for the desired operating conditions. The magneto-caloric effect can be measured in two ways-the magnetic entropy change and the adiabatic temperature change. These parameters are the prerequisites in evaluating a magnetic refrigeration system. In this work, an application is developed and tested for 3 materials (one Gadolinium and two Lanthanum alloys) using COMSOL multiphysics to estimate the final temperature of a Magneto-Caloric Material (MCM). The duration of the magneto-caloric effect is compared amongst 4 different cases of magnetic field change. Among the selected materials Gadolinium shows the highest adiabatic temperature difference of 12K at a field change from 0 to 5 tesla.
Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emission of CI Engine using Alumina Nanoparticles with Waste Plastic Oil and Honge Bio Diesel
Authors: Ramesha D K , Manjunatha  , Bharath L , Deepak kumar T , Lakshminarayana N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Demand for fuel and the use of petroleum products are increasing day by day which causes serious problems such as petroleum depletion, environment degradation etc. So biodiesel is a good alternative for conventional diesel fuel. By using biodiesel there are also some disadvantages such as high oxides of nitrogen, high fuel consumption and higher density. To overcome this problems from biodiesel using additives. Additives play an significant role in enhancing the properties of biodiesel. In this context, oxygenated additives such as Alimina which are rich in oxygen content are used.
Biodiesel is obtained from honge oil by transesterification process and waste plastic oil is obtained by pyrolisis process. The experiment work is done by a CI engine using honge biodiesel, waste plastic oil and alumina nanparticles as an additive. The present investigation was to study the combustion and performance characteristics of all the blends by compare them with diesel. Experimental results show that performance and combustion characteristics improved with B20 biodiesel blend with WPO(waste plastic oil) and with or without nanoparticles as additive. The thermal efficiency will increase and SFC( Specific fuel consumption) is better in case of oxygenated additive blend. Considerable reductions parameters like carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and increases in nitrogen oxide emissions are attained while using B20 biodiesel blend and B20 biodiesel blend with waste plastic oil compared with diesel. However there is a significant reduction in CO, UBHC and NOx emission parameters for B20 biodiesel blend with WPO and nanoparticles as an additive.