bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of high-flow nasal cannula and non-invasive ventilation on inspiratory effort in hypercapnic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a preliminary study
Authors: Rittayamai Nuttapol , Phuangchoei Prapinpa , Tscheikuna Jamsak , Praphruetkit Nattakarn , Brochard Laurent 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is preferred as the initial ventilatory support to treat acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) may be an alternative method; however, the effects of HFNC in hypercapnic COPD are not well known. This preliminary study aimed at assessing the physiologic effects of HFNC at different flow rates in hypercapnic COPD and to compare it with NIV.

Methods
A prospective physiologic study enrolled 12 hypercapnic COPD patients who had initially required NIV, and were ventilated with HFNC at flow rates increasing from 10 to 50 L/min for 15 min in each step. The primary outcome was the effort to breathe estimated by a simplified esophageal pressure–time product (sPTPes). The other studied variables were respiratory rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2), and transcutaneous CO2 pressure (PtcCO2).

Results
Before NIV initiation, the median [interquartile range] pH was 7.36 [7.28–7.37] with a PaCO2 of 51 [42–60] mmHg. sPTPes per minute was significantly lower with HFNC at 30 L/min than 10 and 20 L/min (p < 0.001), and did not significantly differ with NIV (median inspiratory/expiratory positive airway pressure of 11 [10–12] and [5–5] cmH2O, respectively). At 50 L/min, sPTPes per minute increased compared to 30 L/min half of the patients. Respiratory rate was lower (p = 0.003) and SpO2 was higher (p = 0.028) with higher flows (30–50 L/min) compared to flow rate of 10 L/min and not different than with NIV. No significant differences in PtcCO2 between NIV and HFNC at different flow rates were observed (p = 0.335).

Conclusions
Applying HFNC at 30 L/min for a short duration reduces inspiratory effort in comparison to 10 and 20 L/min, and resulted in similar effect than NIV delivered at modest levels of pressure support in hypercapnic COPD with mild to moderate exacerbation. Higher flow rates reduce respiratory rate but sometimes increase the effort to breathe. Using HFNC at 30 L/min in hypercapnic COPD patients should be further evaluated. Trial registration Thai Clinical Trials Registry, TCTR20160902001. Registered 31 August 2016, http://www.clinicaltrials.in.th/index.php?tp=regtrials&menu=trialsearch&smenu=fulltext&task=search&task2=view1&id=2008.
A microheater on polyimide substrate for hand-held realtime microfluidic polymerase chain reaction amplification
Authors: Lee Dae-Sik , Choi Ok Ran , Seo Yujin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The development of a DNA microfluidic device with a high speed, low power, and low reagent volume is very critical for real-time genotyping and diagnosis in point-of-care applications. This paper reports a polymer-based thermal cycler for a handheld and battery-powered polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system using a polyimide (PI) film-based micro-fabricated heater module and polymer film microfluidic chambers of 10 μL, with a handheld and low power consumption, compared to state of the art. It took 21 min for 40 thermal cycling for DNA amplification and a maximum power consumption of 0.6 W. The microheater on PI film substrate fabricated and real-time quantification of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) using the heater in hand-held sizes experimentally shown here. The device would be applicable for on-site molecular diagnostics.
Phase separation of multiphase droplets in a digital microfluidic device
Authors: Nahar Mun Mun , Moon Hyejin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study reports the first comprehensive investigation of separation of the immiscible phases of multiphase droplets in digital microfluidics (DMF) platform. Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) actuation has been used to mechanically separate the phases. Phase separation performance in terms of percentage residue of one phase into another phase has been quantified. It was conceived that the residue formation can be controlled by controlling the deformation of the phases. The larger capillary number of the neck forming phase is associated with the larger amount of deformation as well as more residue. In this study, we propose two different ways to control the deformation of the phases. In the first method, we applied different EWOD operation voltages on two phases to maintain equal capillary numbers during phase separation. In the second method, while keeping the applied voltages same on both sides, we tested the phase separation performance by varying the actuation schemes. Less than 2% of residue was achieved by both methods, which is almost 90% improvement compared to the phase separation by the conventional droplet splitting technique in EWOD DMF platform, where the residue percentage can go up to 20%.
Characterization of the micro-contaminants from the inner-body of Kraak porcelain excavated from the “Nan’ao I” shipwreck, the South China Sea
Authors: Du Jingnan , Luo Wugan , Li Naisheng , Wang Changsui 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, optical microscopy, SEM–EDS, Raman and FT-IR analyses were used to investigate different types of corrosion product between layers of glaze and body of Kraak porcelain objects that were excavated from “Nan’ao I” shipwreck, the South China Sea. Several contaminants including NaCl, CaSO4·2H2O, FeOOH and FeS2, were found in many of the pores and cracks of the porcelain objects from Jingdezhen Kiln and Zhangzhou Kiln, even after conservation. While compared with the sample of Jingdezhen Kiln, the contaminants in the sample of Zhangzhou Kilns much more severely. The research pointed out that these contaminants were formed due to the marine environment influence and cross-contamination with other metal relics located in the shipwreck, and more contaminants formed in porous structure, hence reduce the porcelain quality. As regards to conservation, the fragility of ceramic objects from underwater contexts are likely to be caused by various kinds of insoluble ferrous salts and its phase transition pressure. Previous studies on this kind of remains tend to focus on the macro-insoluble salts on the enamel surface. In this paper, preliminary investigations were performed for the first time on different kinds of inner micro-corrosion product in China.
Stratified membership: health care access for urban refugees in Turkey
Authors: Spahl Wanda , Österle August 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Turkey hosts more refugees than any other country in the world. Incoming numbers have increased steadily since the outbreak of the Syrian war in 2011. This raises enormous challenges for the host country, not least with regard to the provision of healthcare. This article examines the developments in the light of stratified membership theories. More specifically, it asks how far the healthcare system in Turkey can be categorised as a system of stratified membership for different groups of urban refugees, focusing on refugees from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan. Following a theoretical debate about stratification in the provision of social rights, 16 semi-structured interviews with experts and active participants were carried out in Ankara to understand the situation of urban refugees in need of healthcare. The results confirm assumptions of stratified membership theories which understand citizenship in a broad sense as comprising the interconnected dynamics between social rights, legal status and identity requirements. Next to ethnic categories of origin defining the status in Turkey, factors such as language skills or the individual economic situation also play crucial roles for stratified membership both as an empirical fact and as a constructed practice.
Attitude of physiotherapists toward electronic health record in Croatia
Authors: Filipec Manuela , Brumini Gordana 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Electronic health record can facilitate everyday clinical practice of physiotherapists. The aim of this study is to determine attitude of physiotherapists towards implementation of information technology in their work and the differences in attitude in relation to gender, age, level of education and type of health institutions.

Methods
This study is a cross-sectional survey of Croatian physiotherapists. The questionnaire ″Attitude of physiotherapists towards implementation of electronic health record included 12 items scored on a Likert-type scale from 1 to 5 and presented the award values as “Disagree”, “Neither agree nor disagree” and “Agree”. Croatian physiotherapists were (n = 267) recruited from 13 health care institutions. For analysis chi square test, t-test, one-way analysis of variance and as a post-hoc Tukey test were used.

Results
Explanatory factorial analysis confirmed two factors: Satisfaction in the work of physiotherapists using computers (SAT) and Necessity of computers in the work of physiotherapists (NEC). Most physiotherapists agree on (SAT) (47.9%) and on (NEC) (51.3%). Male physiotherapists were significantly more likely to disagree with statements related to SAT (p < 0.001) and NEC (p = 0.035) than female physiotherapists. Physiotherapists aged between 46 and 55 years were significantly more like to disagree on NEC in comparison to all the other groups of participants (p < 0.001). Physiotherapists with secondary school degree were significantly more like to disagree on NEC as compared with participants with bachelor’s degree (p = 0.009), as well as in comparison with physiotherapists with a university degree (p = 0.002). Most of the physiotherapists who are employed in Clinical hospitals and in the Speciality hospital agree with that statement (all p > 0.05).

Conclusion
The attitude of Croatian physiotherapists towards electronic health record differs according to the age, gender, level of education and type of health care institutions. This finding can facilitate implementation of electronic health record in physiotherapy.

Trial registration
Not applicable.
Forming effective relationships between academia and the medical devices industry with a focus on launching a smart heart valve prosthesis for pediatric patients
Authors: Liberski Albert R. , Butcher Jonathan T. , Nawrat Zbigniew , Golesworthy Tal , Al Thani Dena Ahmed 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis article presents examples of how to utilize the research output, to initiate academia-industry interaction, with the ultimate task of launching a new product: a smart heart valve prosthesis for pediatric patients. The article summarizes our efforts in a way that may also be informative to researchers working in fields other than medical devices development. Our task is not to provide a step-by-step guide, but rather to create inspiration, also by describing differences in expectations of business and academic entities.MethodsWe analyzed market reports, surveyed the scientific literature and conducted interviews with the key players in the field of medical devices. We also obtained a feedback from clinicians, academia and industry-related researchers, technology transfer centres, representatives of public organization and the creators of legislation.ResultsWe have obtained and reported the definitive answers that together constitute a critical review of strategies that should be used by researchers who seek to commercialize the outputs of their research.ConclusionAs a result of our investigation, we discovered that the commercialization of research is a complex process, which in some critical aspects does not depend solely on the researcher himself. The most promising ideas, supported by strong experimental evidence, can simply be overlooked by industry representatives, without the proper support of institutions such as a technology transfer centre. Besides, the involvement of scientists in a business project takes them, at least temporarily, outside the regular academic environment, which may cause discomfort and pose a risk to the career path. The limitation to be addressed is the reluctance to report the unsuccessful attempts, which should be considered a legitimate educational experience that ultimately leads to improvement.
Navigating with peripheral field loss in a museum: learning impairments due to environmental complexity
Authors: Barhorst-Cates Erica M. , Rand Kristina M. , Creem-Regehr Sarah H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Previous research has found that spatial learning while navigating in novel spaces is impaired with extreme restricted peripheral field of view (FOV) (remaining FOV of 4°, but not of 10°) in an indoor environment with long hallways and mostly orthogonal turns. Here we tested effects of restricted peripheral field on a similar real-world spatial learning task in an art museum, a more challenging environment for navigation because of valuable obstacles and unpredictable paths, in which participants were guided along paths through the museum and learned the locations of pieces of art. At the end of each path, participants pointed to the remembered landmarks. Throughout the spatial learning task, participants completed a concurrent auditory reaction time task to measure cognitive load.

Results
Unlike the previous study in a typical hallway environment, spatial learning was impaired with a simulated 10° FOV compared to a wider 60° FOV, as indicated by greater average pointing error with restricted FOV. Reaction time to the secondary task also revealed slower responses, suggesting increased attentional demands.

Conclusions
We suggest that the presence of a spatial learning deficit in the current experiment with this level of FOV restriction is due to the complex and unpredictable paths traveled in the museum environment. Our results also convey the importance of the study of low-vision spatial cognition in irregularly structured environments that are representative of many real-world settings, which may increase the difficulty of spatial learning while navigating.
Genomics and epidemiology for gastric adenocarcinomas (GE4GAC): a Brazilian initiative to study gastric cancer
Authors:   GE4GAC group, Bartelli Thais F. , Senda de Abrantes Lais L. , Freitas Helano C. , Thomas Andrew M. , Silva Jordana M. , Albuquerque Gabriela E. , Araújo Luiza F. , Branco Gabriela P. , de Amorim Maria G. , Serpa Marianna S. , Takenaka Isabella K. T. M. , Souza Deborah T. , Monção Lucas O. , Moda Bruno S. , Valieris Renan , Defelicibus Alexandre , Borges Rodrigo , Drummond Rodrigo D. , Alves Francisco I. A. , Santos Monize N. P. , Bobrovnitchaia Irina G. , Elhaik Eran , Coelho Luiz G. V. , Khayat André , Demachki Samia , Assumpção Paulo P. , Santiago Karina M. , Torrezan Giovana T. , Carraro Dirce M. , Peres Stela V. , Calsavara Vinícius F. , Burbano Rommel , Nóbrega Calebe R. , Baladão Graziela P. P. , Pereira Ana C. C. , Gatti Camila M. , Fagundes Marcela A. , Araújo Marília S. , Miranda Tayana V. , Barbosa Monica S. , Cardoso Daniela M. M. , Carneiro Lilian C. , Brito Alexandre M. , Ramos Amanda F. P. L. , Silva Lucas L. L. , Pontes Jaqueline C. , Tiengo Tatiane , Arantes Paola E. , Santana Vilma , Cordeiro Milena , Sant’Ana Rosane O. , Andrade Hanna B. , Anaissi Ana K. M. , Sampaio Sara V. , Abdallah Emne A. , Chinen Ludmilla T. D. , Braun Alexcia C. , Flores Bianca C. T. , Mello Celso A. L. , Claro Laura C. L. , Sztokfisz Claudia Z. , Altamirano Carlos C. , Carter David R. F. , Jesus Victor H. F. , Riechelmann Rachel , Medina Tiago , Gollob Kenneth J. , Martins Vilma R. , Setúbal João C. , Pelosof Adriane G. , Coimbra Felipe J. , Costa-Jr Wilson L. , Silva Israel T. , Nunes Diana N. , Curado Maria P. , Dias-Neto Emmanuel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer worldwide with high incidences in Asia, Central, and South American countries. This patchy distribution means that GC studies are neglected by large research centers from developed countries. The need for further understanding of this complex disease, including the local importance of epidemiological factors and the rich ancestral admixture found in Brazil, stimulated the implementation of the GE4GAC project. GE4GAC aims to embrace epidemiological, clinical, molecular and microbiological data from Brazilian controls and patients with malignant and pre-malignant gastric disease. In this letter, we summarize the main goals of the project, including subject and sample accrual and current findings.
Efficacy and hepatic complications of three endovascular treatment approaches for delayed postpancreatectomy hemorrhage: evolution over 15 years
Authors: Chang Yu-Chien , Liu Kao-Lang , Huang Yu-Cheng , Chen Po-Ting , Tien Yu-Wen , Lin Yen-Heng , Chang Yeun-Chung 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Delayed postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH) is a fatal complication caused by arterial erosion. This study reports a single-center experience of managing delayed PPH with different endovascular treatment approaches.

Methods
We reviewed the data of patients who had delayed PPH due to hepatic artery or gastroduodenal artery stump perforation and underwent endovascular treatment between 2003 and 2018. We categorized endovascular treatment approaches involving hepatic artery sacrifice, superselective pseudoaneurysm embolization with hepatic artery preservation, and covered stent placement. Technical success rates, hemorrhage recurrence rates, major and minor hepatic complication rates, and 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were assessed.

Results
A total of 18 patients were reviewed; 11 (61%), 4 (22%), and 3 (17%) delayed PPH cases were managed through hepatic artery sacrifice, superselective pseudoaneurysm embolization, and hepatic artery stenting, respectively. Multidetector computed tomography was performed in 14 (78%) patients. The technical success rate was 100%. The overall hemorrhage recurrence rate was 39%, with superselective pseudoaneurysm embolization having a 100% hemorrhage recurrence rate—much higher than that of hepatic artery sacrifice or stent graft placement. The overall major and minor hepatic complication rates were 56% and 83%, respectively. The overall 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were 11% and 25%, respectively. The 30-day and 1-year mortality rates and minor and major hepatic complication rates were similar in each group.

Conclusion
Hepatic artery sacrifice is more effective than superselective pseudoaneurysm embolization in the management of delayed PPH. Covered stent placement may be a reasonable alternative treatment to hepatic artery sacrifice.
Self-reported disability in women with fibromyalgia from a tertiary care center
Authors: Horta-Baas Gabriel , Romero-Figueroa Maria del Socorro 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 is a generic instrument to assess disability. Pain and psychological factors seem to play a pronounced disabling role in fibromyalgia (FM). There are few studies that investigate the factors associated with disability in patients with fibromyalgia from the patient’s perspective. Information about FM disability using self-reported questionnaires is limited. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the ordinal response variable (degree of disability), and four explanatory variables: pain intensity, depression, anxiety, and alexithymia.

Methods
One hundred fifteen women with FM were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. For the assessment of disability the WHODAS 2.0 (36-item version) was used. Univariate and multivariate (ordinal logistic regression) analyses were performed to assess the relationship between pain (Visual Analogue Scale), depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), alexithymia (Modified Toronto Alexithymia Scale) and disability.

Results
Disability was detected by global WHODAS score in 114 patients (99%), with the corresponding percentages for mild, moderate and severe disability being 11.3, 46.96 and 40.87%, respectively. Global WHODAS score was more severe among subjects with depression (50 vs 36.4, p < 0.001, effect size = 0.33) and alexithymia (50 vs 33.6, p < 0.001, effect size = 0.38). Pain intensity mean scores for mild, moderate and severe disability were 5.0, 6.1 and 7.3, respectively (p < 0.001, omega-squared = 0.12). Pain intensity explained the global disability degree and its domains except for the cognitive one. Whereas, depression explained cognitive and personal relation domains. On the other hand, alexithymia explained global disability degree and all domains of WHODAS 2.0 questionnaire.

Conclusions
Most of the patients with fibromyalgia perceived themselves with moderate to severe disability. The main explanatory variables of the perceived disability were the pain intensity and psychological factors (alexithymia and depression).
Human-as-a-security-sensor for harvesting threat intelligence
Authors: Vielberth Manfred , Menges Florian , Pernul Günther 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Humans are commonly seen as the weakest link in corporate information security. This led to a lot of effort being put into security training and awareness campaigns, which resulted in employees being less likely the target of successful attacks. Existing approaches, however, do not tap the full potential that can be gained through these campaigns. On the one hand, human perception offers an additional source of contextual information for detected incidents, on the other hand it serves as information source for incidents that may not be detectable by automated procedures. These approaches only allow a text-based reporting of basic incident information. A structured recording of human delivered information that also provides compatibility with existing SIEM systems is still missing. In this work, we propose an approach, which allows humans to systematically report perceived anomalies or incidents in a structured way. Our approach furthermore supports the integration of such reports into analytics systems. Thereby, we identify connecting points to SIEM systems, develop a taxonomy for structuring elements reportable by humans acting as a security sensor and develop a structured data format to record data delivered by humans. A prototypical human-as-a-security-sensor wizard applied to a real-world use-case shows our proof of concept.