bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thiel‐embalmed cadavers as a novel training model for ultrasound‐guided supine endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery
Authors: Veys Ralf , Verpoort Pieter , Van Haute Carl , Wang Zhan Tao , Chi Thomas , Tailly Thomas 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate Thiel‐embalmed cadavers (TEC) as a training model for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), more specifically for ultrasound (US)‐guided supine endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS).Subjects and MethodsThirteen urologists (nine experienced endourologists, four fellows/residents) performed an US‐guided supine ECIRS procedure on a TEC. The model was evaluated by way of a questionnaire (5‐point Likert scale). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed and results were graphically presented using divergent bar graphs.ResultsUS images were appreciated as lifelike in all aspects. Although distention of the collecting system was not ideal in one out of three TEC, US visualisation of the distended calyces during puncture was good. Skin penetration was more difficult and less realistic in TEC, while kidney puncture and dilatation were deemed very realistic. Ureteric and collecting system anatomy and consistency were similar to real life, although the mucosa appeared paler. US needle guidance was perceived as excellent. Overall, needle puncture assessment was realistic and useful as a training tool. Overall quality and satisfaction of TEC in US‐guided supine ECIRS was good to excellent and comparable to a real‐life procedure. Overall appropriateness of the TEC model was considered excellent for both initial and advanced supine PCNL training.ConclusionDespite the minor drawbacks of tough skin and non‐ideal collecting system dilatation during ureteroscopy, the TEC model was considered good to excellent as a training model for US‐guided PCNL, in particular, US‐guided needle puncture of the kidney during supine ECIRS.
The anatomy and metabolome of the lymphatic system in the brain in health and disease
Authors: He Wenbo , Jing You , Wan Qianfen , Xiao Ke , Chen Kening , Lu Yuan , Li Liang , Tang Yajie , Deng Yunte , Yao Zhaohui , Yue Junqiu , Cao Gang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that the brain is equipped with a lymphatic drainage system that is actively involved in parenchymal waste clearance, brain homeostasis and immune regulation. However, the exact anatomic drainage routes of brain lymph fluid (BLF) remain elusive, hampering the physiological study and clinical application of this system. In this study, we systematically dissected the anatomy of the BLF pathways in a rat model. Moreover, we developed a protocol to collect BLF from the afferent lymphatic vessels of deep cervical lymph nodes (dcLNs) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the fourth ventricle. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that BLF contains more metabolites than CSF, suggesting that BLF might be a more sensitive indicator of brain dynamics under physiological and pathological conditions. Finally, we identified several metabolites as potential diagnostic biomarkers for glioma, Parkinson's disease and CNS infectious diseases. Together, these data may provide insight into the physiology of the lymphatic system in the brain and into the clinical diagnosis of CNS disorders.
Cell‐line‐based assay for the toxicity/benefit analysis of lipopolysaccharides in plants
Authors: Kalpana Kriti , Yap Shen , Iyengar Revathi , Tsuji Moriya , Kawamura Akira 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere are many immune‐boosting medicinal plants that can potently activate innate immune cells. Recent studies indicate that the active factors of some immune‐boosting plants are lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of plant‐associated bacteria. However, little is currently known about the potential risk and benefit of LPSs in medicinal plants. To facilitate their characterization, we established a simple cell‐line‐based assay that can be used to screen the toxicity and benefit of LPSs in medicinal plants. The assay can distinguish endotoxic diphosphoryl lipid A (DPL) from beneficial monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), which is a clinically used immunological adjuvant for vaccines. The established assay was used to characterize commercial supplements of Ashwagandha, which was shown to contain immunostimulatory LPSs. The study revealed that Ashwagandha activates macrophages in a manner similar to MPL. The current finding underscores the importance of further studies to characterize the LPSs in immune‐boosting medicinal plants.
Why Developmental Researchers Should Care About Biracial, Multiracial, and Multiethnic Youth
Authors: Nishina Adrienne , Witkow Melissa R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe population of multiracial youth in the United States is expected to grow in the coming decades (exceeding 11% by 2060). In this article, we aim to convince child development researchers who do not usually examine race and ethnicity in their work to consider multiracial youth. We describe ways in which youth from more than one racial background might have common developmental experiences. First, we present a rationale for considering multiracial youth as their own numerical minority group. Then, we provide several illustrative examples demonstrating how studying multiracial youth might provide added insight about three interrelated areas: ethnic/racial identity development, social‐cognitive development, and interactions with peers. We also offer guidance on collecting information about children’s and adolescents’ multiracial status. We conclude by offering suggestions for researchers who seek to include multiracial youth in their work.
Pubertal BMI change and adult‐onset asthma in men: Population‐based cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Nwaru Bright I. , Ohlsson Claes , Bygdell Maria , Martikainen Jari , Kindblom Jenny M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe role of pubertal BMI change in adult‐onset concomitant asthma and allergic rhinitis is unknown.ObjectiveWe investigated the association of childhood and young adult BMI, and pubertal BMI changes with adult‐onset asthma, allergic rhinitis, and concomitant asthma and rhinitis in Swedish men.MethodsThe BMI Epidemiology Study in Gothenburg, Sweden, comprised of height and weight measures taken from school health records (6.5‐9.5 years) and during military conscription (17.5‐22 years) for all men born 1945‐1961 (n = 37 652). Age‐adjusted childhood BMI centred at 8 years and young adult BMI at 20 years were linked to high quality data on asthma and allergic rhinitis diagnoses from the Swedish National Patient Register.FindingsHigh BMI (4th quartile vs the two median quartiles) at 8 years was associated with increased risk of concomitant asthma and allergic rhinitis (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.00‐2.11). Overweight (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.12‐1.89) and obesity (HR 1.95; 95% CI 1.08‐3.54) at 20 years were associated with increased risk of asthma without concomitant allergic rhinitis as main or auxiliary diagnosis. Pubertal BMI change showed a non‐linear association, so that both low (1st quartile vs the two median quartiles) and high pubertal BMI changes were associated with increased risk of asthma (low: HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.11‐1.68; high: HR 1.32; 95% CI 1.07‐1.63) and asthma without concomitant allergic rhinitis (low: HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.04‐1.69; high: HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.07‐1.74) as a main diagnosis.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceBoth low and high pubertal BMI changes are predictors of adult‐onset asthma in men, particularly asthma without concomitant allergic rhinitis. Primary prevention of adult‐onset asthma requires monitoring of changes in BMI during puberty.
Using Icare HOME tonometry for follow‐up of patients with open‐angle glaucoma before and after selective laser trabeculoplasty
Authors: Awadalla Mona S. , Qassim Ayub , Hassall Mark , Nguyen Thi T. , Landers John , Craig Jamie E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractImportanceMonitoring the results of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) on intraocular pressure (IOP) using a home rebound tonometry.BackgroundTo evaluate the role of Icare HOME tonometry in open‐angle glaucoma patients being treated with SLT.DesignA clinic‐based prospective case study.ParticipantsFourteen eyes from 14 patients diagnosed with primary open‐angle glaucoma were recruited.MethodsThe trabecular meshwork of each eye was treated 360° with a frequency‐doubled Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser. IOP was measured four times a day for a week before and after SLT. On the day of SLT, the patients were required to measure the IOP in the evening to record any IOP spikes.Main Outcome MeasuresThe use of Icare HOME in following up patients post‐laser trabeculoplasty without the need for clinic attendance.ResultsIcare HOME recorded a significant reduction of 5.12 mmHg in the mean IOP post‐SLT (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.75‐6.50 mmHg, P < .001). The maximum IOP was also reduced by 6.14 mmHg (95% CI 3.07‐9.21, P < .001) with no IOP spikes recorded post‐SLT. There was a reduction in IOP fluctuation post‐SLT by 1.07 mmHg (95% CI 0.24‐1.89 mmHg, P = .021). No adverse effects for using the Icare HOME were reported by the study participants.Conclusions and RelevanceThis methodology could be highly useful for facilitating safe follow‐up of patients residing in remote and rural areas, thus reducing healthcare cost with better information on IOP.
Association between cannabis and the eyelids: A comprehensive review
Authors: Nguyen Anne X. , Wu Albert Y. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCannabis is the most consumed illicit drug worldwide. As more countries consider bills that would legalize adult use of cannabis, health care providers, including eye care professionals (ophthalmologists, optometrists), will need to recognize ocular effects of cannabis consumption in patients. There are only 20 studies on the eyelid effects of cannabis usage as a medical treatment or a recreational drug. These include ptosis induction, an “eyelid tremor” appearance and blepharospasm attenuation. Six articles describe how adequately dosed cannabis regimens could be promising medical treatments for blepharospasm induced by psychogenic factors. Fourteen articles report eyelid tremors in intoxicated drivers and ptosis as a secondary effect in cannabinoid animal experimental models. The exact mechanism of cannabinoids connecting cannabis to the eyelids is unclear. Further studies should be conducted to better understand the cannabinoid system in relation to the eyelid and eventually develop new, effective and safe therapeutic targets derived from cannabis.
Sexually dimorphic microglia and ischemic stroke
Authors: Kerr Nadine , Dietrich Dalton W. , Bramlett Helen M. , Raval Ami P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIschemic stroke kills more women compared with men thus emphasizing a significant sexual dimorphism in ischemic pathophysiological outcomes. However, the mechanisms behind this sexual dimorphism are yet to be fully understood. It is well established that cerebral ischemia activates a variety of inflammatory cascades and that microglia are the primary immune cells of the brain. After ischemic injury, microglia are activated and play a crucial role in progression and resolution of the neuroinflammatory response. In recent years, research has focused on the role that microglia play in this sexual dimorphism that exists in the response to central nervous system (CNS) injury. Evidence suggests that the molecular mechanisms leading to microglial activation and polarization of phenotypes may be influenced by sex, therefore causing a difference in the pro/anti‐inflammatory responses after CNS injury. Here, we review advances highlighting that sex differences in microglia are an important factor in the inflammatory responses that are seen after ischemic injury. We discuss the main differences between microglia in the healthy and diseased developing, adult, and aging brain. We also focus on the dimorphism that exists between males and females in microglial‐induced inflammation and energy metabolism after CNS injury. Finally, we describe how all of the current research and literature regarding sex differences in microglia contribute to the differences in poststroke responses between males and females.
Sox2 maintains epithelial cell proliferation in the successional dental lamina
Authors: Kim Eun‐Jung , Jung Seo‐Yoon , Wu Zhaoming , Zhang Sushan , Jung Han‐Sung 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe successional dental lamina is the distinctive structure on the lingual side of the vertebrate tooth germ. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among Sox2, Claudin10 and laminin5 and the role of Sox2 in successional dental lamina proliferation during vertebrate tooth development.Materials and MethodsTo understand the successional dental lamina, two types of successional tooth formation, that in geckos (with multiple rounds of tooth generation) and that in mice (with only one round of tooth generation), were analysed.ResultsUnique coexpression patterns of Sox2 and Claudin10 expression were compared in the successional dental lamina from the cap stage to the late bell stage in the mouse tooth germ and in juvenile gecko teeth to support continuous tooth replacement. Furthermore, Laminin5 expression was shown in the cap stage and decreased after the bell stage. Upon comparing the epithelial cell cycles and cell proliferation in successional dental lamina regions between mouse and gecko molars using BrdU and IdU staining and pulse‐chase methods, distinctive patterns of continuous expression were revealed. Moreover, Sox2 overexpression with a lentiviral system resulted in hyperplastic dental epithelium in mouse molars.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the regulation of Sox2 in dental lamina proliferation is fundamental to the successional dental lamina in both species.
Electroencephalography reveals a selective disruption of cognitive control processes in craving cigarette smokers
Authors: Donohue Sarah E. , Harris Joseph A. , Loewe Kristian , Hopf Jens‐Max , Heinze Hans‐Jochen , Woldorff Marty G. , Schoenfeld Mircea A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAddiction to nicotine is extremely challenging to overcome, and the intense craving for the next cigarette often leads to relapse in smokers who wish to quit. To dampen the urges of craving and inhibit unwanted behaviour, smokers must harness cognitive control, which is itself impaired in addiction. It is likely that craving may interact with cognitive control, and the present study sought to test the specificity of such interactions. To this end, data from 24 smokers were gathered using EEG and behavioural measures in a craving session (following a three‐hour nicotine abstention period) and a non‐craving session (having just smoked). In both sessions, participants performed a task probing various facets of cognitive control (response inhibition, task switching and conflict processing). Results showed that craving smokers were less flexible with the implementation of cognitive control, with demands of task switching and incongruency yielding greater deficits under conditions of craving. Importantly, inhibitory control was not affected by craving, suggesting that the interactions of craving and cognitive control are selective. Together, these results provide evidence that smokers already exhibit specific control‐related deficits after brief nicotine deprivation. This disruption of cognitive control while craving may help to explain why abstinence is so difficult to maintain.
Investigator‐initiated clinical study of a functional peptide, SR‐0379, for limb ulcers of patients with Werner syndrome as a pilot study
Authors: Nakagami Hironori , Sugimoto Ken , Ishikawa Takahiro , Koshizaka Masaya , Fujimoto Taku , Kiyohara Eiji , Hayashi Misa , Nakagawa Yukinobu , Ando Hiroshi , Terabe Yuta , Takami Yoichi , Yamamoto Koichi , Takeya Yasushi , Takemoto Minoru , Ebihara Tamotsu , Nakamura Ayumi , Nishikawa Mitsunori , Yao Xiang Jing , Hanaoka Hideki , Yokote Koutaro , Rakugi Hiromi 
Published: November 2019

AimAn investigator‐initiated clinical study was carried out to evaluate the therapeutic potency of SR‐0379 for the treatment of leg ulcers in patients with Werner syndrome.MethodsA multicenter, open‐label study was carried out from September 2017 to February 2018. The inclusion criteria for leg ulcers were: (i) leg ulcers in patients with Werner syndrome, diabetes or critical limb ischemia/venous stasis; and (ii) a wound size of >1 cm and <6 cm in diameter. Four individuals with Werner syndrome and diabetic ulcers, respectively, were enrolled. SR‐0379 (0.1%) was sprayed on skin ulcers once per day for 4 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated by determining the rate of wound size reduction as a primary end‐point at 4 weeks after the first treatment compared with the pretreatment wound size. As secondary end‐points, the DESIGN‐R score index, the 50% wound size reduction ratio, time to wound closure and quantification of wound bacteria were also evaluated. The safety of SR‐0379 was evaluated during the study period.ResultsThe reduction rate of ulcer size treated with 0.1% SR‐0379 was 22.90% (mean) in the Werner syndrome ulcers group (n = 4) and 35.70% (mean) in the diabetic ulcers group (n = 4), respectively. The DESIGN‐R score decreased by 4.0 points in the Werner syndrome ulcers group and 4.3 points in the diabetic ulcers group. Two mild adverse events were reported in two patients, and causal relationships were denied in any events.ConclusionTreatment with SR‐0379 was safe, well‐tolerated, and effective for leg ulcers of both Werner syndrome and diabetes patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1118–1123.
Reappraisal of the GL‐O Reference Material for K‐Ar Dating: New Insight from Microanalysis, Single‐Grain and Milligram Ar Measurements
Authors: Boulesteix Thomas , Solé Jesús , Pi Teresa , Cathelineau Michel 
Published: November 2019

The homogeneity and Ar‐dating suitability of the GL‐O reference material were re‐evaluated to determine whether this material is sufficiently homogeneous to be suitable for the calibration of modern high sensitivity instruments. Based on new micro‐analyses and noble gas determinations, our contribution reveals several kinds of inhomogeneity at the grain scale: disparity in the glauconitisation among and within the pellets, variable occurrence of a phosphatic component within pellets (1% m/m on average), and rare occurrences of calcite and detrital grains. Measurements on test portions of ≤ 1 mg reflect such heterogeneity with variability in 40Ar* content that exceeds analytical uncertainty, including a few highly anomalous values. The lesser evolved glauconite population yielded 40Ar* contents ~ 15% lower than the value of 24.8 nl g−1 recommended by Odin et al. (1982, Numerical dating in stratigraphy. Wiley (Chichester, UK), 123–148). But the measured concentrations of 40Ar* converge towards the aforementioned value as test portion mass increased to > 3 mg. A few rare 3 mg experiments still yielded 40Ar* contents lower than the recommended value (down to 24.0 nl g−1), and we recommend using more conservative minimum masses of 5–10 mg. A further purification step for GL‐O or the intercalibration of its powder version could be considered to diminish the size of the test portions and the intensity of the measured signals.
Investigation of the crystallization behavior of laser‐irradiated EXTREME pattern by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Driggers Megan , Rivero‐Baleine Clara 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the crystallization behavior of a Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 (GSST) chalcogenide phase change material film using Raman spectroscopy. The properties of as‐deposited, thermally treated, and laser‐written GSST films are investigated. A single mask exposure laser excitation process was developed using a spatial light modulator with an 800 nm femto‐second laser to generate a direct laser‐written EXTREME pattern. The correlation between the laser‐imprinted EXTREME pattern and the phase change transition from amorphous to crystalline state of the GSST film was characterized using Raman spectroscopy.
Residential mobility in early childhood and obesity at kindergarten age among children from the United States
Authors: Krupsky Kathryn L. , Andridge Rebecca R. , Anderson Sarah E. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundChildren who frequently move have poorer behavioural, emotional, and overall health. For similar reasons, the experience of changing home may contextualize children's risk for obesity. Few studies have assessed the relationship between residential mobility and obesity; even fewer explore this relationship with assessment of obesity before school age.MethodsWe analysed data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Birth Cohort. Obesity at kindergarten age was determined from measured height and weight. Early childhood residential mobility was categorized as not moving or having moved once, twice, or three or more times. Analyses are weighted to be representative of children from the United States and variance estimates account for the complex survey design.ResultsThe prevalence of obesity at kindergarten age was 17.5%, and most children (71%) moved in early childhood. Compared with children who did not move, the adjusted odd ratios for obesity at kindergarten age were 0.72 (95% CI, 0.57‐0.92), 0.70 (95% CI, 0.55‐0.89), and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.50‐0.84) for children who experienced 1, 2, or 3+ moves.ConclusionsOur study suggests that obesity and mobility in early life are associated, but not in the way we might expect. Residential mobility may fit into a broader picture of instability and, on its own, may not elevate a child's risk for obesity.
Non‐parametric association analysis of additive and dominance effects of casein complex SNPs on milk content and quality in Murciano‐Granadina goats
Authors: Pizarro Inostroza María Gabriela , Landi Vincenzo , Navas González Francisco Javier , León Jurado José Manuel , Martínez Martínez María del Amparo , Fernández Álvarez Javier , Delgado Bermejo Juan Vicente 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGoat milk casein proteins (αS1, αS2, β and κ) are encoded by four loci (CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 and CSN3, respectively) clustered within 250 kb in chromosome 6. In this study, 159 Murciano‐Granadina goats were genotyped for 48 SNPs within the entire casein region. Phenotypes on milk yield and components were obtained from 2,594 dairy registries. Additive and dominance effects on milk composition and quality were studied using non‐parametric tests and principal component analysis to prevent SNPs multicollinearity. Two deletions in exon 4 (CSN1S1 and CSN3), one in exon 7 (CSN2) and one in exon 15 (CSN1S2) have been found at frequencies ranging from 0.12 to 0.50. Bonferroni‐corrected significant SNP additive and dominance effects were found for milk yield, fat, protein, dry matter and lactose, and somatic cells. Exons 15 and 7 were significantly associated with milk yield and components except for lactose and somatic cells, while exon 4 was significantly associated with milk yield and components except for protein and dry matter. SNPs' associations with somatic cells were less frequent and weaker than those with milk yield and components. As caseins increase, somatic cells decrease, reducing milk enzymatic activity and consumption suitability. Hence, including molecular information in breeding schemes may promote production efficiency, as selecting against undesirable alleles could prevent the compromises derived from their dominance effects.