bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What lies beneath the airway mucosal barrier? Throwing the spotlight on antigen‐presenting cell function in the lower respiratory tract
Authors: Pai Saparna , Muruganandah Visai , Kupz Andreas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe global prevalence of respiratory infectious and inflammatory diseases remains a major public health concern. Prevention and management strategies have not kept pace with the increasing incidence of these diseases. The airway mucosa is the most common portal of entry for infectious and inflammatory agents. Therefore, significant benefits would be derived from a detailed understanding of how immune responses regulate the filigree of the airways. Here, the role of different antigen‐presenting cells (APC) in the lower airways and the mechanisms used by pathogens to modulate APC function during infectious disease is reviewed. Features of APC that are unique to the airways and the influence they have on uptake and presentation of antigen to T cells directly in the airways are discussed. Current information on the crucial role that airway APC play in regulating respiratory infection is summarised. We examine the clinical implications of APC dysregulation in the airways on asthma and tuberculosis, two chronic diseases that are the major cause of illness and death in the developed and developing world. A brief overview of emerging therapies that specifically target APC function in the airways is provided.
Plant species identity drives soil microbial community structures that persist under a following crop
Authors: Fox Aaron , Lüscher Andreas , Widmer Franco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCompared to monocultures, multi‐species swards have demonstrated numerous positive diversity effects on aboveground plant performance, such as yield, N concentration, and even legacy effects on a following crop. Whether such diversity effects are seen in the soil microbiome is currently unclear. In a field experiment, we analyzed the effect that three plant species (a grass, forb, and legume), and mixtures of these, had on soil fungal and bacterial community structures, as well as their associated legacy effects under a following crop, the grass Lolium multiflorum. We utilized six sward types, three monocultures (Lolium perenne, Cichorium intybus and Trifolium pratense), two bi‐species mixtures, and a mixture of the three species. Soil samples were taken from these swards in March (at the end of a three year conditioning phase) and in June, August, and September after L. multiflorum was established, that is, the legacy samplings. When present, the differing monocultures had a significant effect on various aspects of the fungal community: structure, OTU richness, the relative abundance of the phylum Glomeromycota, and indicator OTUs. The effect on bacterial community structure was not as strong. In the multi‐species swards, a blending of individual plant species monoculture effects (identity effect) was seen in (a) fungal and bacterial community structure and (b) fungal OTU richness and the relative abundance of the Glomeromycota. This would indicate that plant species identity, rather than diversity effects (i.e., the interactions among the plant species), was the stronger determinant. During the legacy samplings, structural patterns in the fungal and bacterial communities associated with the previous swards were retained, but the effect faded with time. These results highlight that plant species identity can be a strong driver of soil microbial community structures. They also suggest that their legacy effect on the soil microbiome may play a crucial role in following crop performance.
Temperature‐driven color lightness and body size variation scale to local assemblages of European Odonata but are modified by propensity for dispersal
Authors: Acquah‐Lamptey Daniel , Brändle Martin , Brandl Roland , Pinkert Stefan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrevious macrophysiological studies suggested that temperature‐driven color lightness and body size variations strongly influence biogeographical patterns in ectotherms. However, these trait–environment relationships scale to local assemblages and the extent to which they can be modified by dispersal remains largely unexplored. We test whether the predictions of the thermal melanism hypothesis and the Bergmann's rule hold for local assemblages. We also assess whether these trait–environment relationships are more important for species adapted to less stable (lentic) habitats, due to their greater dispersal propensity compared to those adapted to stable (lotic) habitats.We quantified the color lightness and body volume of 99 European dragon‐ and damselflies (Odonata) and combined these trait information with survey data for 518 local assemblages across Europe. Based on this continent‐wide yet spatially explicit dataset, we tested for effects temperature and precipitation on the color lightness and body volume of local assemblages and assessed differences in their relative importance and strength between lentic and lotic assemblages, while accounting for spatial and phylogenetic autocorrelation.The color lightness of assemblages of odonates increased, and body size decreased with increasing temperature. Trait–environment relationships in the average and phylogenetic predicted component were equally important for assemblages of both habitat types but were stronger in lentic assemblages when accounting for phylogenetic autocorrelation.Our results show that the mechanism underlying color lightness and body size variations scale to local assemblages, indicating their general importance. These mechanisms were of equal evolutionary significance for lentic and lotic species, but higher dispersal ability seems to enable lentic species to cope better with historical climatic changes. The documented differences between lentic and lotic assemblages also highlight the importance of integrating interactions of thermal adaptations with proxies of the dispersal ability of species into trait‐based models, for improving our understanding of climate‐driven biological responses.
Surgical treatment of heart failure due to giant coronary artery fistula: a case report
Authors: Sandor Barbara , Bogats Gabor , Toth Levente , Habon Tamas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoronary artery fistula is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly that is often found incidentally during computed tomography angiography. Coronary fistula between the left circumflex coronary artery and the coronary sinus is among the less common forms of coronary artery fistula. A 60‐yea\r‐old female patient presented to our outpatient cardiology department with symptoms of severe, de novo heart failure. Echocardiogram revealed severe mitral regurgitation and a dilated duct that turbulently accelerated colour Doppler flow behind the left ventricle with significant left‐to‐right shunt. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography angiography revealed a massively dilated fistula between the left circumflex coronary artery and the coronary sinus with a diameter of 3–4 cm. The patient underwent combined heart surgery involving mitral ring annuloplasty and fistula ligation and was discharged in stable condition on guideline‐based medical therapy. At 18 months of follow‐up, minimal residual shunt flow and mild‐to‐moderate mitral regurgitation were found. We report a rare case of congenital coronary disorder resulting in heart failure and highlight the importance of complex non‐invasive cardiac diagnostic procedures before planning and performing heart surgery.
Neuroprotective effects of Camellia nitidissima Chi leaf extract in hydrogen peroxide‐treated human neuroblastoma cells and its molecule mechanisms
Authors: An Lei , Zhang Wei , Ma Guowei , Wang Ke , Ji Yufei , Ren Hong , Wang Yousheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCamellia nitidissima Chi (CNC) is a famous medicinal and edible plant with the name of “Tea for Longevity” in Guangxi province of China. In present study, we determined the protective effect of extract from CNC leaves on H2O2‐induced cell injury and its underlying mechanisms in human neuroblastoma (SH‐SY5Y) cells. The ethyl acetate fraction of CNC leaves (CLE, 50–200 μg/ml) treatment significantly increased the cell viability of H2O2‐treated SH‐SY5Y cells and reduced the leakage of LDH in a reversed “U”‐shape manner. It was confirmed by Hoechst 33,342 staining that CLE attenuated H2O2‐induced apoptosis in SH‐SY5Y cells. The CLE (100 and 150 μg/ml) treatment significantly relieved H2O2‐induced oxidative stress by decreasing intracellular ROS level, and increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Western blot analysis demonstrated that the CLE treatment reserved H2O2‐induced decrease of pCREB (Ser133) expression, and its downstream protein BDNF. In addition, 37 phenolic compounds in CLE were identified by UPLC‐TOF MS/MS, and the main active phytochemicals seemed to be catechins, quercetin, kaempferol, and their derivatives. In conclusion, the data analysis showed that the neuroprotective effect of CNC leaves might be achieved via synergistically boosting endogenous antioxidant defenses and neurotrophic signaling pathway. These results suggest that CNC leaves are valuable resources for functional foods and beverages.
An enhanced machine learning tool for cis‐eQTL mapping with regularization and confounder adjustments
Authors: Yan Kang K. , Zhao Hongyu , Wu Joseph T. , Pang Herbert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies have been conducted to investigate the biological effects of variants in gene regulation. However, these eQTL studies may suffer from low or moderate statistical power and overly conservative false‐discovery rate. In practice, most algorithms for eQTL identification do not model the joint effects of multiple genetic variants with weak or moderate influence. Here we present a novel machine‐learning algorithm, lasso least‐squares kernel machine (LSKM‐LASSO) that model the association between multiple genetic variants and phenotypic traits simultaneously with the existence of nongenetic and genetic confounding. With a more general and flexible framework for the estimation of genetic confounding, LSKM‐LASSO is able to provide a more accurate evaluation of the joint effects of multiple genetic variants. Our simulations demonstrate that our approach outperforms three state‐of‐the‐art alternatives in terms of eQTL identification and phenotype prediction. We then apply our method to genotype and gene expression data of 11 tissues obtained from the Genotype‐Tissue Expression project. Our algorithm was able to identify more genes with eQTL than other algorithms. By incorporating a regularization term and combining it with least‐squares kernel machine, LSKM‐LASSO provides a powerful tool for eQTL mapping and phenotype prediction.
The neural basis of metacognitive monitoring during arithmetic in the developing brain
Authors: Bellon Elien , Fias Wim , Ansari Daniel , De Smedt Bert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn contrast to a substantial body of research on the neural basis of cognitive performance in several academic domains, less is known about how the brain generates metacognitive (MC) awareness of such performance. The existing work on the neurobiological underpinnings of metacognition has almost exclusively been done in adults and has largely focused on lower level cognitive processing domains, such as perceptual decision‐making. Extending this body of evidence, we investigated MC monitoring by asking children to solve arithmetic problems, an educationally relevant higher‐order process, while providing concurrent MC reports during fMRI acquisition. Results are reported on 50 primary school children aged 9–10 years old. The current study is the first to demonstrate that brain activity during MC monitoring, relative to the control task, increased in the left inferior frontal gyrus in children. This brain activity further correlated with children's arithmetic development over a 3‐year time period. These data are in line with the frequently suggested, yet never empirically tested, hypothesis that activity in the prefrontal cortex during arithmetic is related to the higher‐order process of MC monitoring.
Upward and downward comparisons across monetary and status domains
Authors: Yaple Zachary A. , Yu Rongjun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe ability to accurately infer one's place with respect to others is crucial for social interactions. Individuals tend to evaluate their own actions and outcomes by comparing themselves to others in either an upward or downward direction. We performed two fMRI meta‐analyses on monetary (n = 39; 1,231 participants) and status (n = 23; 572 participants) social comparisons to examine how domain and the direction of comparison can modulate neural correlates of social hierarchy. Overall, both status and monetary downward comparisons activated regions associated with reward processing (striatum) while upward comparisons yielded loss‐related activity. These findings provide partial support for the common currency hypothesis in that downward and upward comparisons from both monetary and status domains resemble gains and losses, respectively. Furthermore, status upward and monetary downward comparisons revealed concordant orbitofrontal cortical activity, an area associated with evaluating the value of goals and decisions implicated in both lesion and empirical fMRI studies investigating social hierarchy. These findings may offer new insight into how people relate to individuals with higher social status and how these social comparisons deviate across monetary and social status domains.
Precision medicine in follicular lymphoma: Focus on predictive biomarkers
Authors: Sorigue Marc , Cañamero Eloi , Sancho Juan‐Manuel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCurrent care for patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) offers most of them long‐term survival. Improving it further will require careful patient selection. This review focuses on predictive biomarkers (ie, those whose outcome correlations depend on the treatment strategy) in FL, because awareness of what patient subsets benefit most or least from each therapy will help in this task. The first part of this review aims to summarize what biomarkers are predictive in FL, the magnitude of the effect and the quality of the evidence. We find predictive biomarkers in the setting of (a) indication of active treatment, (b) front‐line induction (use of anthracyline‐based regimens, CHOP vs bendamustine, addition of rituximab), (c) post‐(front‐line)induction (rituximab maintenance, radioimmunotherapy), and (d) relapse (hematopoietic stem cell transplant) and targeted agents. The second part of this review discusses the challenges of precision medicine in FL, including (a) cost, (b) clinical relevance considerations, and (c) difficulties over the broad implementation of biomarkers. We then provide our view on what biomarkers may become used in the next few years. We conclude by underscoring the importance of assessing the potential predictiveness of available biomarkers to improve patient care but also that there is a long road ahead before reaching their broad implementation due to remaining scientific, technological, and economic hurdles.
Time‐dependent changes in proliferation, DNA damage and clock gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and healthy liver of a transgenic mouse model
Authors: Hassan Soha A. , Schmithals Christian , von Harten Maike , Piiper Albrecht , Korf Horst‐Werner , von Gall Charlotte 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly resistant to anticancer therapy and novel therapeutic strategies are needed. Chronotherapy may become a promising approach because it may improve the efficacy of antimitotic radiation and chemotherapy by considering timing of treatment. To date little is known about time‐of‐day dependent changes of proliferation and DNA damage in HCC. Using transgenic c‐myc/transforming growth factor (TGFα) mice as HCC animal model, we immunohistochemically demonstrated Ki67 as marker for proliferation and γ‐H2AX as marker for DNA damage in HCC and surrounding healthy liver (HL). Core clock genes (Per1, Per2, Cry1, Cry2, Bmal 1, Rev‐erbα and Clock) were examined by qPCR. Data were obtained from samples collected ex vivo at four different time points and from organotypic slice cultures (OSC). Significant differences were found between HCC and HL. In HCC, the number of Ki67 immunoreactive cells showed two peaks (ex vivo: ZT06 middle of day and ZT18 middle of night; OSC: CT04 and CT16). In ex vivo samples, the number of γ‐H2AX positive cells in HCC peaked at ZT18 (middle of the night), while in OSC their number remained high during subjective day and night. In both HCC and HL, clock gene expression showed a time‐of‐day dependent expression ex vivo but no changes in OSC. The expression of Per2 and Cry1 was significantly lower in HCC than in HL. Our data support the concept of chronotherapy of HCC. OSC may become useful to test novel cancer therapies.
Comprehensive genomic landscape and precision therapeutic approach in biliary tract cancers
Authors: Okamura Ryosuke , Kurzrock Razelle , Mallory Robert J. , Fanta Paul T. , Burgoyne Adam M. , Clary Bryan M. , Kato Shumei , Sicklick Jason K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBiliary tract cancers have dismal prognoses even when cytotoxic chemotherapy is administered. There is an unmet need to develop precision treatment approaches using comprehensive genomic profiling. A total of 121 patients with biliary tract cancers were analyzed for circulating‐tumor DNA (ctDNA) and/or tissue‐based tumor DNA (tissue‐DNA) using clinical‐grade next‐generation sequencing: 71 patients (59%) had ctDNA; 90 (74%), tissue‐DNA; and 40 (33%), both. Efficacy of targeted therapeutic approaches was assessed based upon ctDNA and tissue‐DNA. At least one characterized alteration was detected in 76% of patients (54/71) for ctDNA [median, 2 (range, 0‐9)] and 100% (90/90) for tissue‐DNA [median, 4 (range, 1‐9)]. Most common alterations occurred inTP53(38%),KRAS(28%), andPIK3CA(14%) for ctDNA vsTP53(44%),CDKN2A/B (33%) andKRAS(29%) for tissue‐DNA. In 40 patients who had both ctDNA and tissue‐DNA sequencing, overall concordance was higher between ctDNA and metastatic site tissue‐DNA than between ctDNA and primary tumor DNA (78% vs 65% forTP53, 100% vs 74% forKRASand 100% vs 87% forPIK3CA[But not statistical significance]). Among 80 patients who received systemic treatment, the molecularly matched therapeutic regimens based on genomic profiling showed a significantly longer progression‐free survival (hazard ratio [95%confidence interval], 0.60 [0.37‐0.99].P= .047 [multivariate]) and higher disease control rate (61% vs 35%,P= .04) than unmatched regimens. Evaluation of ctDNA and tissue‐DNA is feasible in biliary tract cancers.
Modelling the volatility of crude oil returns: Jumps and volatility forecasts
Authors: Dutta Anupam , Bouri Elie , Roubaud David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe contribute to the scarce literature on the oil market volatility index (OVX) by examining the presence of time‐varying jumps in OVX and by assessing the ability of OVX to predict the conditional variance of crude oil returns. Using a GARCH‐jump model, we find evidence that OVX is characterized by jump behaviour that tends to vary over time. Further analysis indicates that accounting for the jump behaviour of OVX helps improve the conditional variance forecasts of crude oil returns. Since the studied features of OVX play a crucial role in asset pricing and risk analyses, our findings have policy implications related to refining volatility prediction models and risk measures.
Modelling soil water distribution under Moistube irrigation for cowpea (VIGNA unguiculata (L.) Walp.) crop*
Authors: Kanda Edwin Kimutai , Senzanje Aidan , Mabhaudhi Tafadzwanashe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMoistube irrigation (MTI) is a type of technology which uses a semipermeable membrane to emit water continuously in response to soil water potential and applied pressure. Soil water dynamics under MTI incorporating plant water uptake have not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the soil water distribution under MTI, using cowpea as a reference crop. The effect of Moistube placement depth on the soil water dynamics under MTI was also determined. The experiment was carried out in tunnels with MTI and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) as a control. The HYDRUS 2D/3D model was calibrated and thereafter used to simulate soil water dynamics for different placement depths. The soil water content above the Moistube/drip lateral was higher under SDI than MTI, while the lateral movement of water was similar for both irrigation types. The simulated soil water contents closely matched (coefficient of determination [R2] ≥ 0.57, root mean square error [RMSE] ≤ 0.029 cm3 cm−3, normalized root mean square error [NRMSE] ≤ 14.7% and efficiency [EF] ≥ 0.20) the observed values for both MTI and SDI. This showed that HYDRUS 2D/3D could be used to simulate water dynamics of irrigated cowpea. There was no significant difference (p > .05) between the root water uptake (RWU) in SDI and MTI. The Moistube placement depth did not significantly affect (p > .05) the RWU in loam soil but increased with increased placement depth in clay soil. The optimum placement depth of Moistube laterals for cowpea was 15 cm in loam and 20 cm in clay. This study forms the basis for design of MTI in terms of optimum placement depths for cowpea grown in loam and clay soils.
Reading During Adolescence: Why Adolescents Choose (or Do Not Choose) Books
Authors: Wilkinson Katherine , Andries Valentina , Howarth Danielle , Bonsall Jane , Sabeti Shari , McGeown Sarah 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe authors explored adolescents’ reasons for reading or not reading books. In individual interviews with 39 adolescents (ages 15 and 16) in the United Kingdom, they reported that reading books offered an opportunity to relax, learn, escape the real world, and become immersed; was exciting, developed their empathy skills, and provided a form of social capital. However, challenges to book reading included a lack of time; that it was too effortful; that it was not encouraged, was expensive, or was uncool, or that students had simply lost the habit or grown out of it. Implications for high school classrooms are discussed, and the researchers argue that time, space, and/or initiatives to read for pleasure are important. Collaborative work among researchers, teachers, and engaged/disengaged adolescent readers is essential to ensure that these initiatives are optimal and reach and resonate with their intended audience.
The Canadian Core Cariology Curriculum: Outcomes of a national symposium
Authors: Tikhonova Svetlana , Jessani Abbas , Girard Felix , Macdonald Mary Ellen , De Souza Grace , Tam Laura , Eggert F.‐Michael , Nguyen‐Ngoc Caroline , Morin Nathalie , Aggarwal Neha , Schroth Robert J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite the efforts that have been made in dental education and clinical practice to adopt the evidence‐informed, risk‐based, nonsurgical caries management approach, the surgical treatment approach continues to prevail. There is an urgent need to understand resistance to such a paradigm shift and establish a coordinated evidence‐based Cariology teaching approach in Canadian dental schools so trainees are equipped to implement caries management in their practice. To work towards this goal, a two‐day interinstitutional symposium was organized in Montreal, QC, bringing together clinical and research experts in cariology and dental education from all 10 Canadian dental schools to develop a consensus on an evidence‐informed Core Cariology Curriculum, and strategies for its implementation. Through consensus, participants produced the Core Cariology Curriculum for Canadian dental schools and articulated the challenges and solutions for its implementation. Future work will include working collaboratively on the curriculum integration and evaluation.