bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the potential of integrating distribution and structure of permanent open-water wetlandscapes in reclamation design: a case study of Alberta, Canada
Authors: Ridge Jennifer D. , Robinson Derek T. , Rooney Rebecca 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWetlands are multi-functional systems that provide a disproportionate
number of ecosystem services given the spatial extent they occupy both
nationally and globally. The ecological functioning of these wetlands is
dependent on the structure of the landscape, which poses unique challenges when
reclaiming wetlands in areas where resource extraction is occurring. Resource extraction mega-projects require
that entire wetlandscapes be reclaimed and often involve timelines that
necessitate the consideration of climate projections to create self-sustaining,
naturally appearing wetlandscapes that meet policy objectives. To understand
wetlandscape structure and guide reclamation planning and closure permitting
evaluation, a random sample of 13,676 1-km2 landscapes were
subselected to identify 1684 permanent open-water wetlandscapes. A parsimonious
set of landscape metrics were applied and compared across levels of
anthropogenic disturbance and across natural regions (i.e., Grassland, Parkland
and Boreal). Results demonstrated that permanent open-water wetlands are
relatively rare (12.3% of our total random sample) and typically occupy less
than 8% of wetlandscapes when present. The majority of wetlands in the study area are less
permanent and more variable in nature than the permanent open water
wetlandscapes created by megaproject reclamation, which has the potential to alter the
distribution and size of open-water wetlands beyond their natural occurrence.
Comparison across disturbance levels and natural regions yield statistical
differences among landscape structure. General wetland landscapes representing
a combination of disturbance level and natural region can be created for each
metric to guide reclamation design and closure planning approval.
Identification of markers of sensory quality in ground coffee: an untargeted metabolomics approach
Authors: Rocchetti Gabriele , Braceschi Gian Paolo , Odello Luigi , Bertuzzi Terenzio , Trevisan Marco , Lucini Luigi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction
In the last years, consumers increased the demand for high-quality and healthy beverages, including coffee. To date, among the techniques potentially available to determine the overall quality of coffee beverages, metabolomics is emerging as a valuable tool.

Objective
In this study, 47 ground coffee samples were selected during the 2018 Edition of the “International coffee tasting” (ICT) in order to provide discrimination based on both chemical and sensory profiles. In particular, 20 samples received a gold medal (“high quality” group), while lower sensory scores characterized 27 samples (without medal).

Methods
Untargeted metabolomics based on ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight (UHPLC-QTOF) and head space-gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry platforms followed by multivariate statistical approaches (i.e., both supervised and unsupervised) were used to provide new insight into the searching of potential markers of sensory quality.

Results
Several compounds were identified, including polyphenols, alkaloids, diazines, and Maillard reaction products. Also, the headspace/GC-MS highlighted the most important volatile compounds. Polyphenols were scarcely correlated to the sensory parameters, whilst the OPLS-DA models built using typical coffee metabolites and volatile/Maillard compounds possessed prediction values > 0.7. The “high quality” group showed specific metabolomic signatures, thus corroborating the results from the sensory analysis. Overall, methyl pentanoate (ROC value = 0.78), 2-furfurylthiol (ROC value = 0.75), and L-Homoserine (ROC value = 0.74) established the higher number of significant (p < 0.05) correlations with the sensory parameters.

Conclusion
Although ad-hoc studies are advisable to further confirm the proposed markers, this study demonstrates the suitability of untargeted metabolomics for evaluating coffee quality and the potential correlations with the sensory attributes.

Graphic abstract
Der Reporter-Blick von nirgendwo?
Authors: Schultz Tanjev 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der Medienforschung gibt es eine reiche Tradition der Kritik am Objektivitätsideal. Journalistische Beiträge können sich demnach nie ganz von subjektiven Einflüssen lösen. Der Aufsatz verändert die Perspektive, indem er zeigt, inwiefern subjektive Darstellungsformen ihrerseits nicht frei von Objektivitätsansprüchen sind. Als Hintergrund dient die Philosophie Thomas Nagels, der mit dem „Blick von nirgendwo“ ein prägendes Bild für die Objektivitätsidee geliefert hat. Eine eher kursorische Rezeption in der Journalismusforschung konnte dazu verleiten, dieses Bild als Inbegriff eines überzogenen oder naiven Postulats zu missdeuten. Nagels Ansatz eröffnet jedoch Möglichkeiten, Vorstellungen von Objektivität und Subjektivität zu versöhnen. Der Aufsatz skizziert Nagels Philosophie und erörtert darauf aufbauend das Verhältnis von Objektivität und Subjektivität in journalistischen Kommentaren und Reportagen. Wie zuletzt auch die Relotius-Affäre gezeigt hat, werden an Reportagen Objektivitätsansprüche gestellt, die nicht im Widerspruch zu einer subjektiven Erzählperspektive stehen, sondern mit dieser verschränkt sind. Wie der Aufsatz argumentiert, greifen subjektive und objektive Perspektiven im Journalismus grundsätzlich ineinander. So zehrt die Subjektivität der Reportage von der Objektivität, mit der sie äußere und innere Tatsachen schildert, und die Subjektivität des Kommentars von dem Anspruch der Objektivität, mit dem er u. a. moralische Urteile fällt.
The COVID-19 pandemic: a case for epistemic pluralism in public health policy
Authors: Lohse Simon , Bschir Karim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper uses the example of the COVID-19 pandemic to analyse the danger associated with insufficient epistemic pluralism in evidence-based public health policy. Drawing on certain elements in Paul Feyerabend’s political philosophy of science, it discusses reasons for implementing more pluralism as well as challenges to be tackled on the way forward.
Mortar Lining as a Protective Layer for Ductile Iron Pipes
Authors: Dąbrowski Wojciech , Li Fusheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe objective of the study is to recognise whether epoxy resin or polyurethane internal linings of ductile iron (DI) pipes create visibly smaller head loss in flow than cement mortar linings. Some data reported by the Ductile Iron Pipes Research Association (DIPRA) was used in the calculations. Only the data from hydraulic tests performed no later than 30 years after the placing of the mortar lining were considered. The average values of the Hazen–Williams roughness coefficients C for each of the internal pipe diameters were calculated, and single experimental data neglected. Two different approaches were taken for interpreting the DIPRA experimental results and omitting the fact that the flow rates during these tests are unknown. The Hazen–Williams roughness coefficients C were used in both for computing the friction factor f from the Moody chart for three values of flow rate: being equal to the optimal value for a given diameter, and then by 50% larger and 50% smaller than this value. Next, the computed friction factors were compared with the values predicted from the Moody chart for smooth pipes. In the first approach, the friction factors f were computed using the Epanet2 software, and in the second approach, a general equation for calculating f from known C and flow parameters was applied. Both approaches resulted in friction factors f very close to those for smooth pipes for the whole range of Q. In conclusion, more smooth plastic linings of DI pipes do not result in a significantly more visible saving of energy for pumping.
DEMs and reliable sea level rise risk monitoring in Nile Delta, Egypt
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Tarek , Dawod Gomaa , Ebaid Hala 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis research aims to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of utilizing global Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) in risk monitoring of Sea Level Rise (SLR) in the Nile delta region, Egypt. Such a Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based assessment process has been carried out using high-precision terrestrial surveys to develop a new local DEM (named SRI18) to precisely identify possible inundated areas by 2025. The presented DEM comparison approach has been performed based on spatial distribution rather than the traditional point-wise method. Based on novel proposed evaluation indicators, it has been found that the reliability of three investigated global models (namely: SRTM1, ASTER, and EarthEnvi-DEM90), in delineating sea level rise flooded areas, is less than 20%. Hence, it is concluded that the utilization of global DEMs may not be optimum in the planning and management of coastal areas in the Nile delta region. Such a methodology could be applied in other low-lying deltaic areas worldwide for investigating GDEMs reliability for SLR monitoring and assessment in coastal regions.
Timely intervention and control of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak at a large skilled nursing facility—San Francisco, California, 2020
Authors: Karmarkar Ellora N. , Blanco Irin , Amornkul Pauli N. , DuBois Amie , Deng Xianding , Moonan Patrick K. , Rubenstein Beth L. , Miller David A. , Kennedy Idamae , Yu Jennifer , Dauterman Justin P. , Ongpin Melissa , Hathaway Wilmie , Hoo Lisa , Trammell Stephanie , Dosunmu Ejovwoke F. , Yu Guixia , Khwaja Zenith , Lu Wendy , Talai Nawzaneen Z. , Jain Seema , Louie Janice K. , Philip Susan S. , Federman Scot , Masinde Godfred , Wadford Debra A. , Bobba Naveena , Stoltey Juliet , Smith Adrian , Epson Erin , Chiu Charles Y. , Bennett Ayanna S. , Vasquez Amber M. , Williams Troy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:To describe epidemiologic and genomic characteristics of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in a large skilled-nursing facility (SNF), and the strategies that controlled transmission.Design, setting, and participants:This cohort study was conducted during March 22–May 4, 2020, among all staff and residents at a 780-bed SNF in San Francisco, California.Methods:Contact tracing and symptom screening guided targeted testing of staff and residents; respiratory specimens were also collected through serial point prevalence surveys (PPSs) in units with confirmed cases. Cases were confirmed by real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction testing for SARS-CoV-2, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to characterize viral isolate lineages and relatedness. Infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions included restricting from work any staff who had close contact with a confirmed case; restricting movement between units; implementing surgical face masking facility-wide; and the use of recommended PPE (ie, isolation gown, gloves, N95 respirator and eye protection) for clinical interactions in units with confirmed cases.Results:Of 725 staff and residents tested through targeted testing and serial PPSs, 21 (3%) were SARS-CoV-2 positive: 16 (76%) staff and 5 (24%) residents. Fifteen cases (71%) were linked to a single unit. Targeted testing identified 17 cases (81%), and PPSs identified 4 cases (19%). Most cases (71%) were identified before IPC interventions could be implemented. WGS was performed on SARS-CoV-2 isolates from 4 staff and 4 residents: 5 were of Santa Clara County lineage and the 3 others were distinct lineages.Conclusions:Early implementation of targeted testing, serial PPSs, and multimodal IPC interventions limited SARS-CoV-2 transmission within the SNF.
Reconstruction of historical surface mass balance, 1984–2017 from GreenTrACS multi-offset ground-penetrating radar
Authors: Meehan Tate G. , Marshall H. P. , Bradford John H. , Hawley Robert L. , Overly Thomas B. , Lewis Gabriel , Graeter Karina , Osterberg Erich , McCarthy Forrest 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present continuous estimates of snow and firn density, layer depth and accumulation from a multi-channel, multi-offset, ground-penetrating radar traverse. Our method uses the electromagnetic velocity, estimated from waveform travel-times measured at common-midpoints between sources and receivers. Previously, common-midpoint radar experiments on ice sheets have been limited to point observations. We completed radar velocity analysis in the upper ~2 m to estimate the surface and average snow density of the Greenland Ice Sheet. We parameterized the Herron and Langway (1980) firn density and age model using the radar-derived snow density, radar-derived surface mass balance (2015–2017) and reanalysis-derived temperature data. We applied structure-oriented filtering to the radar image along constant age horizons and increased the depth at which horizons could be reliably interpreted. We reconstructed the historical instantaneous surface mass balance, which we averaged into annual and multidecadal products along a 78 km traverse for the period 1984–2017. We found good agreement between our physically constrained parameterization and a firn core collected from the dry snow accumulation zone, and gained insights into the spatial correlation of surface snow density.
A palaeoenvironmental record of the Southern Hemisphere last glacial maximum from the Mount Cass loess section, North Canterbury, Aotearoa/New Zealand
Authors: Almond Peter C. , Gulyás Sándor , Sümegi Pál , Sümegi Balázs P. , Covey-Crump Stephen , Jones Merren , Shaw Joseph , Parker Andrew 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCalcareous loess in North Canterbury, eastern South Island, New Zealand (NZ), preserves subfossil bird bone, terrestrial gastropods, and eggshell, whose abundances and radiocarbon ages allowed us to reconstruct aspects of palaeoenvironment at high resolution through 25 to 21 cal ka BP. This interval includes millennial-scale climatic variability during the extended last glacial maximum (30–18 ka) of Australasia. Our loess palaeoclimatic record shows good correspondence with stadial and interstadial climate events of the NZ Climate Event Stratigraphy, which were defined from a pollen record on the western side of South Island. An interstade from 25.4 to 24 cal ka BP was warm but also relatively humid on eastern South Island, and loess grain size may indicate reduced vigour of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds. The subsequent stade (24–22.6 cal ka BP) was drier, colder, and probably windier. The next interstade remained relatively dry on eastern South Island, and westerly winds remained vigorous. The 25.4–24 ka interstade is synchronous with Heinrich stade 2, which may have driven a southward migration of the subtropical front, leading to warming and wetting of northern and central South Island and retreat of Southern Alps glaciers at ca. 26.5 ka.
Racial Liberalism Resurgent: Connecting Multi-Racial Protests and Electoral Politics Today
Authors: Schram Sanford F. , Fording Richard C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the changing nature of today's protest–election connection by looking back to the Blue Wave of the 2018 midterm elections that led to Republicans losing control of the House of Representatives. We ask whether White voters' participation in the Blue Wave of the 2018 elections is related to the multi-racial participation in the #BlackLivesMatter protests of 2020. Could it be that White participation in both is symptomatic of a larger resurgence of racial liberalism that is likely to continue to play a significant role in our politics going forward starting with the 2020 election?
Interaction of neutrophil counts and folic acid treatment on new-onset proteinuria in hypertensive patients
Authors: Zhang Zhuxian , Liu Mengyi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhou Chun , He Panpan , Li Huan , Li Jianping , Zhang Yan , Liang Min , Wang Binyan , Xu Xin , Wang Xiaobin , Huo Yong , Hou Fan Fan , Nie Jing , Xu Xiping , Qin Xianhui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe aimed to examine whether baseline neutrophil counts affected the risk of new-onset proteinuria in hypertensive patients, and, if so, whether folic acid treatment is particularly effective in proteinuria prevention in such a setting. A total of 8208 eligible participants without proteinuria at baseline were analysed from the renal substudy of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial. Participants were randomised to receive a double-blind daily treatment of 10 mg of enalapril and 0·8 mg of folic acid (n 4101) or 10 mg of enalapril only (n 4107). The primary outcome was new-onset proteinuria, defined as a urine dipstick reading of ≥1+ at the exit visit. The mean age of the participants was 59·5 (sd, 7·4) years, 3088 (37·6 %) of the participants were male. The median treatment duration was 4·4 years. In the enalapril-only group, a significantly higher risk of new-onset proteinuria was found among participants with higher neutrophil counts (quintile 5; ≥4·8 × 109/l, OR 1·44; 95 % CI 1·00, 2·06), compared with those in quintiles 1–4. For those with enalapril and folic acid treatment, compared with the enalapril-only group, the new-onset proteinuria risk was reduced from 5·2 to 2·8 % (OR 0·49; 95 % CI 0·29, 0·82) among participants with higher neutrophil counts (≥4·8 × 109/l), whereas there was no significant effect among those with neutrophil counts <4·8 × 109/l. In summary, among hypertensive patients, those with higher neutrophil counts had increased risk of new-onset proteinuria, and this risk was reduced by 51 % with folic acid treatment.
Drilling for the future: Gendered justifications of the Arctic fossil fuel industry
Authors: Kangasluoma Sohvi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite the global alarm caused by accelerating climate change, hydrocarbon companies are exploring and opening up new oil and gas fields all over the world, including the Arctic. With increasing attention on the Arctic, companies address the growing global environmental pressure in their public marketing in various ways. This article examines the webpages of Norwegian Equinor and Russian Gazprom & Gazprom Neft. Building on feminist discussions, I analyse the different justification strategies these fossil fuel companies working in the Arctic utilise in order to support their ongoing operations. This article concludes that in order to justify their operations in the Arctic, the Norwegian and Russian companies emphasise values based on discourses that have historically and culturally been associated with masculine practices, such as the control of nature enabled by technology. These justifications are thus reinforcing the narrative of the Arctic as a territory to be conquered and mastered. Even though the companies operate in different sociopolitical contexts, the grounds of justification are rather similar. Their biggest differences occur in their visual presentations of gender, which I argue is part of the justification. Approaching the fossil fuel industry from a feminist perspective allows questioning the dominant conceptualisations, which the justifications of Arctic hydrocarbon companies are based on.
PTSD as a mediator of the relationship between trauma and psychotic experiences
Authors: Strelchuk Daniela , Hammerton Gemma , Wiles Nicola , Croft Jazz , Turner Katrina , Heron Jonathan , Zammit Stanley 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic experiences are associated with a higher risk of psychotic illnesses, but little is known about potentially modifiable mechanisms underlying this relationship. This study aims to examine whether post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms mediate the relationship between trauma and psychotic experiences (PEs).MethodsWe used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children to examine whether: PTSD symptoms mediate the relationships between (a) childhood trauma and adolescent PEs (study of adolescent PEs; n = 2952), and (b) childhood/adolescent trauma and PEs in early adulthood (study of adult PEs; n = 2492). We examined associations between variables using logistic regression, and mediation using the parametric g-computation formula.ResultsExposure to trauma was associated with increased odds of PEs (adolescent PEs: ORadjusted 1.48, 95% CI 1.23–1.78; adult PEs: ORadjusted 1.57, 95% CI 1.25–1.98) and PTSD symptoms (adolescent PTSD: ORadjusted 1.59, 95% CI 1.31–1.93; adult PTSD: ORadjusted 1.50, 95% CI 1.36–1.65). The association between PTSD symptoms and PE was stronger in adolescence (ORadjusted 4.63, 95% CI 2.34–9.17) than in adulthood (ORadjusted 1.62, 95% CI 0.80–3.25). There was some evidence that PTSD symptoms mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and adolescent PEs (proportion mediated 14%), though evidence of mediation was weaker for adult PEs (proportion mediated 8%).ConclusionsThese findings are consistent with the hypothesis that PTSD symptoms partly mediate the association between trauma exposure and PEs. Targeting PTSD symptoms might help prevent the onset of psychotic outcomes.
Difference sets in higher dimensions
Authors: MUDGAL AKSHAT 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLet d ≥ 3 be a natural number. We show that for all finite, non-empty sets
$A \subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$
that are not contained in a translate of a hyperplane, we have$$\begin{equation*} |A-A| \geq (2d-2)|A| - O_d(|A|^{1- \delta}),\end{equation*}$$where δ > 0 is an absolute constant only depending on d. This improves upon an earlier result of Freiman, Heppes and Uhrin, and makes progress towards a conjecture of Stanchescu.
Primary pericardial hydatid cyst in an asymptomatic butcher
Authors: Yimamu Renati , Qing-qing Li , Wei-min Zhang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHydatid cyst is a serious parasitic infection in endemic areas. Cardiac hydatid cyst is not a common presentation, and primary pericardial hydatid cyst is rare. Echocardiography, CT, and MRI are important in diagnosing and locating cardiac echinococcosis. Herein, we present the case of an asymptomatic butcher with primary pericardial hydatid cyst and its successful treatment.
Fish nutrient composition: a review of global data from poorly assessed inland and marine species
Authors: Byrd Kendra A , Thilsted Shakuntala H , Fiorella Kathryn J 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:Our understanding of the nutrient contribution of fish and other aquatic species to human diets relies on nutrient composition data for a limited number of species. Yet particularly for nutritionally vulnerable aquatic food consumers, consumption includes a wide diversity of species whose nutrient composition data are disparate, poorly compiled or unknown.Design:To address the gap in understanding fish and other aquatic species’ nutrient composition data, we reviewed the literature with an emphasis on species of fish that are under-represented in global databases. We reviewed 164 articles containing 1370 entries of all available nutrient composition data (e.g. macronutrients, micronutrients and fatty acids) and heavy metals (e.g. Pb and Hg) for 515 species, including both inland and marine species of fish, as well as other aquatic species (e.g. crustaceans, molluscs, etc.) when those species were returned by our searches.Results:We highlight aquatic species that are particularly high in nutrients of global importance, including Fe, Zn, Ca, vitamin A and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and demonstrate that, in many cases, a serving can fill critical nutrient needs for pregnant and lactating women and young children.Conclusions:By collating the available nutrient composition data on species of fish and other aquatic species, we provide a resource for fisheries and nutrition researchers, experts and practitioners to better understand these critical species and include them in fishery management as well as food-based programmes and policies.