bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality Trends and Causes of Death in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Patients From the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Alsaggaf Rotana , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Pearce Emily E. , Greene Mark H. , Lochmuller Hanns , Gadalla Shahinaz M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroduction/AimPatients with myotonic dystrophy type1 (DM1) have reduced lifespan. This study aimed to quantify mortality risks, and evaluate causes and time trends in DM1.MethodsWe identified 1021 DM1 patients and 15,104 matched DM1‐free controls from the United Kingdom (UK) Clinical Practice Research Datalink. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to assess differences in all‐cause or cause‐specific mortality between DM1 patients and matched controls, and computed standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for comparisons of DM1 patients with the UK general population.ResultsDM1 patients were at higher risk of death compared with matched DM1‐free controls (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.5–3.4) or the general UK population (SMR = 8.1, 95% CI = 7.3–9.1). The excess risk was primarily attributed to deaths from respiratory failure (HR = 26.7, p < 0.001), aspiration pneumonia (HR = 15.8, p < 0.001), arrythmia, and conduction defects (HR = 15.7, p < 0.001). No mortality risk difference between DM1 patients and matched DM1‐free cohort was noted for all cancers combined (p = 0.52). No significant calendar time‐related changes in overall survival were seen for DM1 patients (p trend = 0.19). In mortality cause‐specific analysis, and compared with patients diagnosed before 1993, death from cancer was on the rise (HR = 2.35, and 5.82 for patients diagnosed 1993–2003, and 2004–2016).DiscussionMost DM1 patients died of known disease complications. This highlights the need for integrated clinical approaches with more careful and frequent monitoring.
Harmonizing direct and indirect anthropogenic land carbon fluxes indicates a substantial missing sink in the global carbon budget since the early 20th century
Authors: Walker Anthony P. , Obermeier Wolfgang A. , Pongratz Julia , Friedlingstein Pierre , Koven Charles D. , Schwingshackl Clemens , Sitch Stephen , O'Sullivan Michael 
Published: December 2024

Societal Impact StatementThe global carbon budget provides annual updates to society on the main cause of climate change—CO2 emissions—and quantifies carbon‐uptake ecosystem services provisioned by the biosphere. We show that more consistent assumptions in the estimates of land‐atmosphere carbon exchange results in a global carbon budget that is imbalanced (gains do not equal losses). This imbalance implies that key processes causing land carbon fluxes, especially processes associated with human land management and recovery following abandonment in anthropogenic biomes (anthromes), have been misquantified. This impacts policy for land carbon management across scales and calls for better understanding of carbon cycling in anthromes.Summary
Inconsistencies in the calculation of the two anthropogenic land flux terms of the global carbon cycle are investigated. The two terms—the direct anthropogenic flux (caused by direct human disturbance in anthromes, currently a carbon source to the atmosphere) and the indirect anthropogenic flux (caused indirectly by human activities that lead to global change and affecting all biomes, currently an atmospheric carbon sink)—are typically calculated independently, resulting in inconsistent underlying assumptions.
We harmonize the estimation of the two anthropogenic land flux terms by incorporating previous estimates of these inconsistencies. We recalculate the global carbon budget (GCB) and apply change‐point analysis to the cumulative budget imbalance.
Cumulative over 1850–2018 (1959–2018), harmonization results in a 13% lesser (4% greater) land use source from anthromes and a 20% (23%) lesser land sink. This recalculation yields a greater non‐closure of the GCB, indicating a missing carbon sink averaging 0.65 Pg C year−1 since the early 20th century. The imbalance likely results from a combination of method discontinuity and structural errors in the assessment of the direct anthropogenic land use flux, greater ocean carbon uptake, structural errors in land models, and in how these land terms are quantified for the budget.
We caution against overconfidence in considering the GCB a solved problem and recommend further study of methodological discontinuities in budget terms. We strongly recommend studies that quantify the direct and indirect anthropogenic land fluxes simultaneously to ensure consistency, with a deeper understanding of human disturbance and legacy effects in anthromes.
Directed Cell Growth of C2C12 Cells on ECM Free Bioprinted Nano/Micro Scaffolds
Authors: Rani Sweta , Das Rahul Kumar , Suryawanshi Tejas , Jaiswal Arun , Majumder Abhijit , Cheng Wenlong , Saxena Sumit , Shukla Shobha 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSkeletal muscle cell growth impairment can result in severe health issues, such as reduced mobility, metabolic problems, and cardiovascular issues, which can significantly impact an individual's overall health and lifestyle. To address this issue, it is essential to adopt a multi‐faceted approach. Conventional 2D cell culture methods fail to replicate the critical features of in vivo micro/nanoarchitecture, which is crucial for the growth of skeletal muscle cells. In this study, the directed growth of mouse skeletal myoblasts (C2C12) cells on ECM‐free biocompatible scaffolds is demonstrated and fabricated using two‐photon lithography (TPL). These scaffolds are 2D and 3D and have nano/micro‐features derived from chitosan‐based carbon quantum dots (Ch‐CQDs). Ch‐CQDs act as two‐photon initiators for TPL and also provide the scaffolds with adequate mechanical strength and specific binding sites. These scaffolds are biocompatible and can support cellular adhesion and growth without the need for ECM coating. The nano/micro scaffolds mimic the in vivo cellular microenvironment, enabling directed cell growth on ECM‐free surfaces. The fabricated scaffolds have tunable mechanical strength ranging from 0.09 to 0.75 GPa. By using Ch‐CQDs, scaffolds are created that promote cell growth and alignment, which is crucial for skeletal muscle cell growth.
Dynamically Tunable Chiroptical Activities of Flexible Chiral Plasmonic Film via Surface Buckling
Authors: He Yisheng , Meng Xiao , Shen Zhili , Jin Bowen , Chen Xinyi , Ai Bin , Liu Kun , Ye Chunhong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPlasmonic nanoparticle‐based chiral materials have attracted great interest due to their strong light‐matter interaction and tunable resonance frequency. However, challenges remain in dynamically modulating the chiroptical activities while maintain strong signals. Here, chiral assemblies of gold nanospheres(AuNSs) are achieved via mechanical‐induced surface buckling of elastic materials, in which linear chain assemblies of AuNSs transform into to 3D “S‐liked” morphology along with the formation of unidirectional wrinkles during buckling. This asymmetrical structure leads to strong chiroptical responses, exhibiting circular dichroism (CD) response over vis–NIR range with signal as high as 2.6 degrees and a g‐factor up to 0.11. Furthermore, the configuration of “S‐liked” assembly is closely associated with the wrinkle shape, which can be tuned through post‐stretching. This method facilitates mechanically induced dynamic and reversible modulation of CD magnitude, as well as switching of signal handedness. Taking advantages of the strong and alterable CD signal, the plasmonic chiral structures demonstrate great potential for multi‐channel and dynamically switchable information encryption as a prototype. The strategy, based on manipulating the surface patterns of soft materials, opens up a new design principle for constructing chiral structure and modulating chiroptical activities in a continuously adjustable manner, advancing the development of chiral optical materials.
Recent Advancements in Electrochemical Sensors Based on MOFs and Their Derivatives
Authors: Hao Xi , Song Weihua , Wang Yinghui , Qin Jieling , Jiang Zhenqi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are composed of metal nodes and organic linkers that can self‐assemble into an infinite network. The high porosity and large surface area of MOFs facilitate the effective enrichment and mass transfer of analytes, which can enhance the signal response and improve the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors. Additionally, MOFs and their derivatives possess the properties of unsaturated metal sites and tunable structures, collectively demonstrating their potential for electrochemical sensing. This paper summarizes the preparation methods, structural properties, and applications of MOFs and their derivatives in electrochemical sensing, emphasizing sensors’ selectivity and sensitivity from the perspectives of direct and indirect detection. Additionally, it also explores future directions and prospects for MOFs in electrochemical sensing, with the aim of overcoming current limitations through innovative approaches.
Recent advances in single fluorescent probes for monitoring dual organelles in two channels
Authors: Yang Xiu‐Zhi , Yao Shankun , Wu Jisong , Diao Jiajie , He Weijiang , Guo Zijian , Chen Yuncong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOrganelles are specialized areas where cells perform specific processes necessary for life and actively communicate with each other to keep the whole cell functioning. Disorders of the organelle networks are associated with multiple pathological processes. However, clearly and intuitively visualizing the highly dynamic interactions between ultrafine organelles is challenging. Fluorescence imaging technology provides opportunities due to the distinct advantages of facile, non‐invasiveness and dynamic detection, making it particularly well‐suited for applications in uncovering the mysterious veil of organelle interactions. Regrettably, the lack of ideal fluorescence agents has always been an obstacle in imaging the intricate behaviors of organelles. In this review, we provide a systematic discussion on the existing dual‐color and dual‐targetable molecular sensors used in monitoring organelle interactions, with a specific focus on their targeting strategies, imaging mechanisms and biological applications. Additionally, the current limitations and future development directions of dual‐targetable probes and dual‐emissives are briefly discussed. This review aims to provide guidance for researchers to develop more improved probes for studying organelle interactions in the biomedical field.
Trivalent Ionic Molecular Bridges as Efficient Charge‐Trapping Method for All‐Solid‐State Organic Synaptic Transistors toward Neuromorphic Signal Processing Applications
Authors: Kim Taehoon , Lee Woongki , Kim Youngkyoo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAchieving high retention of memory state is crucial in artificial synapse devices for neuromorphic computing systems. Of various memorizing methods, a charge‐trapping method provides fast response times when it comes to the smallest size of electrons. Here, for the first time, it is demonstrated that trivalent molecular bridges with three ionic bond sites in the polymeric films can efficiently trap electrons in the organic synaptic transistors (OSTRs). A water‐soluble polymer with sulfonic acid groups, poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPSA), is reacted with melamine (ML) to make trivalent molecular bridges with three ionic bond sites for the application of charge‐trapping and gate‐insulating layer in all‐solid‐state OSTRs. The OSTRs with the PAMPSA:ML layers are operated at low voltages (≤5 V) with pronounced hysteresis and high memory retention characteristics (ML = 25 mol%) and delivered excellent potentiation/depression performances under modulation of gate pulse frequency. The optimized OSTRs could successfully process analog (Morse/Braile) signals to synaptic current datasets for recognition/prediction logics with an accuracy of >95%, supporting strong potential as all‐solid‐state synaptic devices for neuromorphic systems in artificial intelligence applications.
Enhancing water stress tolerance in wheat: Advanced phenotyping methods for improved genotype selection in arid regions
Authors: Abdelhamid Magdi T. , Schmidhalter Urs , Fares Waleed M. , Dawood Mona G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWater scarcity poses a significant challenge to wheat cultivation, especially in Egypt, where wheat is a staple crop. The study aimed to enhance water stress tolerance in wheat by using advanced phenotyping methods to improve genotype selection in arid regions. The objective was to evaluate various wheat genotypes for their drought tolerance and to explore the effectiveness of high‐throughput phenotyping methods such as canopy temperature (CT), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) as non‐destructive tools for selection. Two field trials were conducted using 15 wheat genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications under well‐watered and water‐stressed conditions. Phenotyping methodologies, including NDVI, CT, and WSC, were used to assess the plants. The results showed strong correlations between these phenotyping methods and wheat yield, with genotype 10 showing the highest yield under stress conditions. The study reported broad‐sense heritability values of 0.89 for CT, 0.78 for NDVI, 0.96 for WSC, and 0.69 for grain yield, indicating the robustness of these traits as indicators for selecting water stress‐tolerant wheat genotypes. In conclusion, advanced phenotyping methods, such as CT, NDVI, and WSC, proved to be quick and reliable indicators for screening wheat genotypes in water‐stressed environments. This approach can significantly contribute to breeding programs to improve wheat yield and water productivity in arid regions. These findings underscore the importance of integrating high‐throughput phenotyping in crop improvement strategies for drought‐prone areas.Key Points
Water‐soluble carbohydrates, canopy temperature, and NDVI effectively predict water‐stress‐tolerant genotypes.
Genotypes 8 and 10 exhibited the highest grain yield and water productivity under water‐stressed environments.
High‐throughput phenotyping enables rapid, non‐destructive evaluation of wheat genotypes for water stress tolerance.
Association between magnesium and vitamin D status in adults with high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency
Authors: Zittermann Armin , Zelzer Sieglinde , Herrmann Markus , Kleber Marcus , Maerz Winfried , Pilz Sefan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
It has been assumed that magnesium (Mg) status may interact with vitamin D status. We therefore aimed at investigating the association between Mg and vitamin D status in a large cohort of adult individuals with a high prevalence of deficient/insufficient vitamin D and Mg status.

Methods
We used data from the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study (n = 2,286) to analyze differences according to serum Mg status in circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (primary endpoint), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3], vitamin D metabolite ratio and calcitriol, and odds ratios for deficient or insufficient 25(OH)D (secondary endpoints). We performed unadjusted and risk score (RS) adjusted and matched analyses.

Results
Of the study cohort (average age > 60 years), one third was 25(OH)D deficient (< 12 ng/mL), one third 25(OH)D insufficient (12 to < 20 ng/mL), about 10% Mg deficient (< 0.75 mmol/L) and additional 40% potentially Mg deficient (0.75 to 0.85 mmol/L). In adjusted/matched analyses, 25(OH)D was only non-significantly lower in Mg deficient or insufficient groups versus their respective control group (P > 0.05). Only the RS-adjusted, but not the RS-matched odds ratio of 25(OH)D deficiency was significantly lower for the group with adequate versus deficient/potentially deficient Mg status (0.83; 95%CI: 0.69–0.99), and only the RS-matched, but not the RS-adjusted odds ratio of 25(OH)D insufficiency was significantly lower for non-deficient versus deficient Mg status (0.69; 95%CI: 0.48–0.99). Other adjusted or matched secondary endpoints did not differ significantly between subgroups of Mg status.

Conclusions
Our data indicate only little effect between Mg and vitamin D status in adults with high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency.
Stem subsidence in total hip arthroplasty: retrospective investigation of a short stem using a simple measurement approach
Authors: Horst Nicolas , Theil Christoph , Gosheger Georg , Kalisch Tobias , Moellenbeck Burkhard 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a successful treatment for advanced hip joint diseases. More recently, short stems became increasingly popular, but stem subsidence remains a concern. This study investigates early short stem subsidence in a large patient cohort using a simple measurement approach for everyday practice.

Methods
This retrospective, single center, single implant design study included 1000 patients with primary THA. Subsidence was evaluated using standardized weight-bearing radiographs taken 3–5 days and 2–3 weeks postoperatively with full weight-bearing (FWB). A novel Subsidence Index (SID) was introduced to quantify stem subsidence in a simple and reproducible manner. The SID is calculated by averaging four distinct linear measurements between defined anatomical landmarks on the femur and the implant, captured on standard radiographs without additional software.

Results
Out of all analyzed patients 6% (60/1000) had subsidence of more than 3 mm. The mean subsidence was 1.3 mm (range, 0 to 16.25 mm).
There were 0.6% (6) who underwent stem revision for symptomatic subsidence. Men and obese patients had greater subsidence. However, patient age, BMI, stems without lateral bone contact and other demographic factors were not associated with subsidence.

Conclusion
Early subsidence is relatively frequent with this uncemented short stem, however revisions are rare. Patients with risk factors should be counseled regarding FWB and radiographic controls should be performed. The SID provides an easy, non-invasive and inexpensive tool for early subsidence assessment; however, its simplicity limits its accuracy. Further research is needed in comparison to more elaborate methods.
Argillaceous Soft Rock in-situ Test Program in Tunneling
Authors: Metzler Ines , Frühwirt Thomas , Hölzl Harald , Marcher Thomas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study undertakes a comprehensive examination of the characteristics of the argillaceous, hard soil/soft rock (HSSR) lithology of the Unterangerberg formation in Tyrol, Austria, focusing on its swelling properties and anisotropic material behavior. The objective is to achieve an extensive material characterization to be able to calibrate material models accurately. This is to be achieved by means of an in-situ test campaign within the Angath adit tunnel construction site and accompanying laboratory tests. The geotechnical monitoring concept in a designated test gallery includes a chain inclinometer, extensometers, geodetic targets, shotcrete strain meters, photogrammetric observations, and a long-term irrigation test field, with a section of the invert left exposed intentionally. The in-situ tests yield valuable insights into the intricate behavior of the HSSR lithology, offering a comprehensive description of material variability, and recommendations for characterization. Results indicate that despite the high swellable clay mineral content, significant swelling occurred only to a small extent during the observation period to date. The study concludes that the in-situ behavior of such formations significantly contributes to a better understanding of their characteristics, leading to a substantial reduction in critical load cases for future planning phases.
Climate change denial and ideology in Swedish online media: measuring ideology change using a computational approach
Authors: Yantseva Victoria 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this article, we examine the ideological trajectories of Facebook groups discussing climate change issues in Sweden, with a particular focus on groups expressing climate change denial beliefs. Using textual data spanning nine years, we construct an ideological space through text embeddings and apply trajectory analysis to map the ideological movement of these groups, exploring potential radicalisation or polarisation in users’ beliefs. Our findings suggest that most groups spreading climate change denial views occupy a shared ideological space, but are positioned on the periphery rather than at the centre. Additionally, we identify several distinct clusters of actors with similar movement patterns, some of which shift towards positions where climate change scepticism or increased problematisation of climate change issues is more prevalent. Finally, we discuss ways to interpret the dimensions of the resulting ideological space.
Rough multi-factor volatility for SPX and VIX options
Authors: Jacquier Antoine , Muguruza Aitor , Pannier Alexandre 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We provide explicit small-time formulae for the at-the-money implied volatility, skew, and curvature in a large class of models, including rough volatility models and their multi-factor versions. Our general setup encompasses both European options on a stock and VIX options, thereby providing new insights on their joint calibration. The tools used are essentially based on Malliavin calculus for Gaussian processes. We develop a detailed theoretical and numerical analysis of the two-factor rough Bergomi model and provide insights on the interplay between the different parameters for joint SPX–VIX smile calibration.
Tourist perceptions, motivations and expectations when interacting with African lion (Panthera leo) cubs
Authors: Wilson Ann , Phillips Clive JC 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tourism wildlife interactions are controversial, the debate hinging largely on the compromised welfare of the animals used. Despite this, lion cub (Panthera leo) interactions are popular, and there is a need to understand what motivates interactors to participate in the activity, their perceptions and expectations. We surveyed the attitudes of 300 visitors to three lion cub interaction facilities in South Africa. Whilst 38% of interactors were aware of the controversy around lion cub interactions, 69% desired the experience regardless. It is widely assumed that lion cub interaction opportunities are big attractions, yet 74% of respondents said that they would still have visited if lion cub interactions were not offered. Whilst 84% of interactors felt that their expectations were met, 61% said that the interaction had no impact on them. Several of those interviewed interacted with multiple species, and 34% determined that their favourite engagement was with animals that interacted back voluntarily. Most of those interviewed chose the interaction for their children (69%). Whilst 58% felt the experience was educational, only 2% of these had learnt about the plight of lions in the wild. When asked to reflect on the welfare of the lion cubs they had interacted with, ‘Freedom from discomfort’ was seen as the most important factor, as well as ‘Freedom to express natural behaviour’. Interactions were viewed with a variety of emotions and generated a range of beliefs. We conclude that the findings can be used by facilities to better prepare visitors for the experience, ensuring that interaction animals are better able to serve in their role as ambassador representatives.