bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a VR Simulator for Training of Posterior Cervical Spine Fusion Surgery
Authors: Fujiwara Katsuya , Oikawa Tomoya , Ishikawa Yoshinori , Mitobe Kazutaka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is important to avoid iatrogenic injuries of nerves and blood vessels during the pedicle screw insertion stage of posterior cervical spine decompression and fusion surgery. First, it is necessary to determine the length and angulation of the pedicle screws for safety and stability. Second, it is necessary to drill precise preparation holes for the pedicle screws using a pedicle probe. In this work, we developed a VR training system for pedicle screw planning and basic drilling skills. The VR system was built with a pen‐style haptic device and a head‐mounted display. Trainees used the haptic pen as a virtual pedicle probe. In order to simulate bone hardness and stress accumulation at the virtual pedicle probe tip in the virtual surgery, we developed a voxel‐based bone drilling simulator. To reduce the heavy load required for voxel processing, the simulator was constructed as a hybrid system that included a removal volume voxel model for drilling areas and a fixed polygonal mesh model for other areas. 3D models of a cervical spine were generated from CT scan images of a patient. This paper evaluated the system through a subjective evaluation by a specialist and via the training results for novice trainees. We discuss the evaluation results and training effectiveness with the simulator. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Multiomics approach unravels fertility transition in a pigeonpea line for a two‐line hybrid system
Authors: Pazhamala Lekha T. , Chaturvedi Palak , Bajaj Prasad , Srikanth Sandhya , Ghatak Arindam , Chitikineni Annapurna , Bellaire Anke , Hingane Anupama , Kumar C.V. Sameer , Saxena K.B. , Weckwerth Wolfram , Saxena Rachit K. , Varshney Rajeev K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is a pulse crop cultivated in the semi‐arid regions of Asia and Africa. It is a rich source of protein and capable of alleviating malnutrition, improving soil health and the livelihoods of small‐holder farmers. Hybrid breeding has provided remarkable improvements for pigeonpea productivity, but owing to a tedious and costly seed production system, an alternative two‐line hybrid technology is being explored. In this regard, an environment‐sensitive male sterile line has been characterized as a thermosensitive male sterile line in pigeonpea precisely responding to day temperature. The male sterile and fertile anthers from five developmental stages were studied by integrating transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics supported by precise phenotyping and scanning electron microscopic study. Spatio‐temporal analysis of anther transcriptome and proteome revealed 17 repressed DEGs/DEPs in sterile anthers that play a critical role in normal cell wall morphogenesis and tapetal cell development. The male fertility to sterility transition was mainly due to a perturbation in auxin homeostasis, leading to impaired cell wall modification and sugar transport. Limited nutrient utilization thus leads to microspore starvation in response to moderately elevated day temperature which could be restored with auxin‐treatment in the male sterile line. Our findings outline a molecular mechanism that underpins fertility transition responses thereby providing a process‐oriented two‐line hybrid breeding framework for pigeonpea.
Online misinformation about climate change
Authors: Treen Kathie M. d'I. , Williams Hywel T. P. , O'Neill Saffron J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolicymakers, scholars, and practitioners have all called attention to the issue of misinformation in the climate change debate. But what is climate change misinformation, who is involved, how does it spread, why does it matter, and what can be done about it? Climate change misinformation is closely linked to climate change skepticism, denial, and contrarianism. A network of actors are involved in financing, producing, and amplifying misinformation. Once in the public domain, characteristics of online social networks, such as homophily, polarization, and echo chambers—characteristics also found in climate change debate—provide fertile ground for misinformation to spread. Underlying belief systems and social norms, as well as psychological heuristics such as confirmation bias, are further factors which contribute to the spread of misinformation. A variety of ways to understand and address misinformation, from a diversity of disciplines, are discussed. These include educational, technological, regulatory, and psychological‐based approaches. No single approach addresses all concerns about misinformation, and all have limitations, necessitating an interdisciplinary approach to tackle this multifaceted issue. Key research gaps include understanding the diffusion of climate change misinformation on social media, and examining whether misinformation extends to climate alarmism, as well as climate denial. This article explores the concepts of misinformation and disinformation and defines disinformation to be a subset of misinformation. A diversity of disciplinary and interdisciplinary literature is reviewed to fully interrogate the concept of misinformation—and within this, disinformation—particularly as it pertains to climate change.This article is categorized under:Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Communication
Osteoid osteoma of the hip: imaging features
Authors: Malghem Jacques , Lecouvet Frederic , Kirchgesner Thomas , Acid Souad , Vande Berg Bruno 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOsteoid osteoma (OO), a small bone tumor relatively common in young subjects, frequently involves the hip. In addition to typical findings, we emphasize unsuspected clinical and imaging features including painless OO causing limping gait, non-visibility of totally mineralized nidus, absence of hyperostosis or adjacent edema, and recurrence at distance from the initial location. We also discuss the option of medical treatment for some cases of deep hip locations.
The ageing body: contributing attitudinal factors towards perceptual body size estimates in younger and middle-aged women
Authors: Bellard Ashleigh M. , Cornelissen Piers L. , Mian Emanuel , Cazzato Valentina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOver-estimation of body size, a core feature of eating disorders (EDs), has been well-documented both in young healthy and ED individuals. Yet, evidence that altered body perception might also affect older women is limited. Here, we examined whether attitudinal components of body image (i.e. the feelings an individual has about their body size and shape) might affect perceived actual and ideal body shape self-estimates in midlife, similarly to younger women. Thirty-two younger (mean age, 24.22 years) and 33 middle-aged (mean age, 53.79 years) women took part to a computerized body perception assessment of perceived, actual and ideal aspects of body image. Body mass index (BMI), societal and interpersonal aspects of appearance ideals, measured by means of Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-4), and assessment of body uneasiness and concerns for specific body parts, measured by Body Uneasiness Test (BUT-A/B) scales, were also investigated. Younger and middle-aged women with larger BMI showed greater discrepancy in perceptual distortions from their perceived actual body size. However, middle-aged women with greater body part concerns overestimated their perceived body size, as opposed to younger women who were almost accurate. Unlike middle-aged women, younger women with higher body part concerns desired slimmer ideal body image than their perceived actual. Results suggest that distortions in the perceived actual and ideal body size self-estimates of younger and middle-aged women are best explained by a combination of BMI, body part concerns and the particular age group to which a participant belonged. In the future, a personalized approach for the assessment of women’s perceptions and concerns of specific body areas during lifespan should be adopted.
Production of moth sex pheromone precursors in Nicotiana spp.: a worthwhile new approach to pest control
Authors: Xia Yi-Han , Ding Bao-Jian , Wang Hong-Lei , Hofvander Per , Jarl-Sunesson Carin , Löfstedt Christer 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPheromones are environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional pesticides for pest control. They are widely applied for insect monitoring, mating disruption and mass trapping.Nicotiana benthamianaandN. tabacumare potential green biomass production platforms of moth sex pheromones. Using these twoNicotianaspecies as plant factories, we expressed biosynthetic genes of plant and insect origin in leaf tissue. Moth sex pheromone precursors (E)-11-tetradecenoic acid, (Z)-11-tetradecenoic acid and (Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid were produced by introducing the acyl-ACP thioesterasesCpuFatB1fromCuphea pulcherrimaorCpaFatB2fromC. palustrisand the fatty acyl desaturasesAve∆11fromArgyrotaenia velutinana,CpaE11fromChoristoneura parallelaorAtr∆11fromAmyelois transitella, under the control of CaMV-35S promoter. Among theNicotianaspp. transformants, the best line produced (Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid at 17.6% of total fatty acids in leaves, during flowering stage, corresponding to 335 µg of (Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid per gram of fresh leaf. The (Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid production lines fromN. benthamianawere selected for further propagation to obtain homozygous lines. In theN. benthamianaT2 generation, the production quantity of (Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid was stable. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of stable transformation ofN. benthamianafor production of moth pheromone precursors in vegetative tissue.
Neofabraea kienholzii, a novel causal agent of grapevine trunk diseases in Hungary
Authors: Lengyel Szabina , Knapp Dániel G. , Karácsony Zoltán , Geml József , Tempfli Balázs , Kovács Gábor M. , Váczy Kálmán Zoltán 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecently, more and more new fungal pathogens have been described as causal agents of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), which lead to increasingly significant economic losses in viticulture worldwide. The genus Neofabraea consists of species mainly known as important plant pathogens causing perennial canker and bull’s eye rot, a common postharvest disease of apple (Malus domestica) and pear (Pyrus communis) fruits. Neofabraea kienholzii also causes lesions on pome fruits and canker on woody tissues, but its pathogenicity has not been demonstrated on grapevine yet. In 2015, two strains, identified as N. kienholzii based on ITS sequence data, were isolated from vines showing symptoms of GTDs in Hungary. For an unambiguous taxonomic placement of the isolates, four loci (ITS, LSU, TUB2 and RPB2) were amplified and sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the two isolates represent N. kienholzii. Pathogenicity tests performed on potted grapevines, shoots, and canes confirmed the virulence of these fungi. Their growth and sporulation on different media were also investigated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proof of N. kienholzii might cause symptoms on Vitis and might have a role in GTDs.
On the optimal calibration of VVV photometry
Authors: Hajdu Gergely , Dékány István , Catelan Márcio , Grebel Eva K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrompted by some inconsistencies in the photometry of the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) survey, we conduct a revision of the standard calibration procedure of VISTA data in the J, H, and KS passbands. Two independent sources of bias in the photometric zero-points are identified: First, high sky backgrounds severely affect the H-band measurements, but this can mostly be minimized by strict data vetting. Secondly, during the zero-point calibration, stars serving as standards are taken from the 2MASS catalog, which can suffer from high degrees of blending in regions of high stellar density, affecting both the absolute photometric calibration, as well as the scatter of repeated observations. The former affects studies that rely on an absolute magnitude scale, while the latter can also affect the shapes and amount of scatter in the VVV light curves, thus potentially hampering their proper classification. We show that these errors can be effectively eliminated by relatively simple modifications of the standard calibration procedure, and demonstrate the effect of the recalibration on the VVV survey’s data quality. We give recommendations for future improvements of the pipeline calibration of VISTA photometry, while also providing preliminary corrections to the VVV JHKS observations as a temporary measure.
The CMA’s assessment of customer detriment in the UK retail energy market
Authors: Littlechild Stephen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 2016, the UK Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) found that “weak customer response” enabled incumbent UK energy retailers to set higher and discriminatory prices to residential customers. The CMA estimated the associated higher prices constituted a customer detriment in the range £1.4 bn to £2 bn per year. Although the CMA recommended against a price cap on most domestic energy tariffs, the size of the detriment and public concern about “rip-off energy tariffs” nonetheless led the Government to impose a price cap as from January 2019. This paper examines the CMA’s calculation of customer detriment and suggests that it is inconsistent with CMAGuidelinesand unprecedented with respect to its nature, magnitude and policy impact. Alternative more realistic calculations suggest that any detriment would have been nearly an order of magnitude lower, so that a price cap was inappropriate. This raises a number of questions about the CMA’s approach.
Identification and structure characterization of five synthetic opioids: 3,4-methylenedioxy-U-47700, o-methyl-acetylfentanyl, 2-thiophenefentanyl, benzoylfentanyl and benzoylbenzylfentanyl
Authors: Popławska Magdalena , Bednarek Elżbieta , Naumczuk Beata , Kozerski Lech , Błażewicz Agata 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The number of new synthetic opioids, especially fentanyl analogs, on the illicit market is increasing each year and becoming a disturbing phenomenon. Due to the very high potency, ease of addiction and high risk of overdose with the fatal effect, they pose a serious threat to public health. The ever-changing drug market, lack of reference standards and low doses make this class of new psychoactive substances (NPS) a continual analytical challenge in terms of detection and identification. Structure elucidations of five synthetic opioids are described in this paper.

Methods
Unequivocal identifications were performed using liquid chromatography–high resolution tandem mass spectrometry with quadrupole time-of-flight analyzer (LC–QTOF-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with prior chromatographic purification of the sample in each case.

Results
Identified NPS included one non-fentanyl opioid belonging to “U-compounds group”—3,4-methylenedioxy-U-47700 and four fentanyl analogs: o-methyl-acetylfentanyl, benzoylfentanyl, 2-thiophenefentanyl and benzoylbenzylfentanyl.

Conclusions
Complementary LC–QTOF-MS/MS and NMR techniques enabled the unambiguous identification of new synthetic opioids. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive characterization of these five NPS with complete data which are published to facilitate their detection and identification by forensic and clinical laboratories.
Disorders of the Aorta and Aortic Valve in Connective Tissue Diseases
Authors: Grygiel-Górniak Bogna , Oduah Mary-Tiffany , Olagunju Abdulbaril , Klokner Michal 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The incidence of aortic valve disease in inherited connective tissue disorders is well documented; however, recent studies have only begun to unravel the pathology behind this association. In this review, we aim to describe the etiology, clinical manifestations, management, and prognosis of aortic and aortic valvular disorders that co-exist in a variety of connective tissue diseases. An extensive literature review was performed in PubMed. Articles from 2008 to 2018 were included for review. Predetermined search terms used in PubMed include “aortic manifestation of connective tissue diseases” and “aortic valve disorders in rheumatologic disease.”

Recent Findings
Manifestations of aortic valve disease in the context of connective tissue disorders include valvular stenosis, regurgitation, and/or thoracic aortic aneurysms. Both inherited and inflammatory connective tissue disorders contribute to aortic valve damage with increased susceptibility associated with specific gene variants.

Summary
Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapies have demonstrated beneficial results in Marfan’s syndrome, Behcet disease, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and systemic sclerosis, often leading to remission. Yet, such therapy is less effective in other disorders compared to alternative treatments such as surgical intervention. Additionally, regular echocardiographic studies should be recommended to those suffering from these disorders, especially those at higher risk for cardiovascular involvement.
Given the rates of relapse with immunosuppressants, even following aortic valve replacement, further studies are needed to determine if certain dosing and/or combinations of immunosuppressants could be given to those diagnosed with connective tissue diseases to prevent progression of aortic valve involvement.
PET Radiopharmaceuticals for Imaging Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Sivapackiam Jothilingam , Sharma Monica , Schindler Thomas H. , Sharma Vijay 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Currently, cardiotoxicity is monitored through echocardiography or multigated acquisition scanning and is defined as 10% or higher LVEF reduction. The latter stage may represent irreversible myocardium injury and limits modification of therapeutic paradigms at earliest stages. To stratify patients for anthracycline-related heart failure, highly sensitive and molecularly specific probes capable of interrogating cardiac damage at the subcellular levels have been sought.

Recent Findings
PET tracers may provide noninvasive assessment of earliest changes within myocardium. These tracers are at nascent stages of development and belong primarily to (a) mitochondrial potential-targeted and (b) general ROS (reactive oxygen species)-targeted radiotracers. Given that electrochemical gradient changes at the mitochondrial membrane represent an upstream, and earliest event before triggering the production of the ROS and caspase activity in a biochemical cascade, the former category might offer interrogation of cardiotoxicity at earliest stages exemplified by PET imaging, using 18F-Mitophos and 68Ga-Galmydar in rodent models.

Summary
Both categories of radiotracers may provide tools for monitoring chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and interrogating therapeutic efficacy of cardio-protectants.
Reasons Why Combination Therapy Should Be the New Standard of Care to Achieve the LDL-Cholesterol Targets
Authors: Masana Lluís , Ibarretxe Daiana , Plana Núria 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The aim of this report is to review the scientific evidence supporting that lipid lowering therapy (LLT), beyond statins, reduces cardiovascular risk; therefore, treatment strategies based on lipid-lowering drug combination should be implemented.

Recent Findings
A strong scientific body of evidence supports the effect of statins on cardiovascular risk reduction. Recent trials using non-statin LLT, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors have provide scientific evidence about their impact on cardiovascular prevention. Current clinical guidelines still recommend using high-intensity statin monotherapy before considering combination therapy.

Summary
The causal effect of LDL-C on atherosclerosis is well established. Moreover, new RCT, meta-analysis, and Mendelian randomization data, support that the main determinant of risk reduction is the absolute LDL reduction regardless of LLT. Accordingly, the “high-intensity statin therapy” concept should be substituted by “high-intensity lipid lowering therapy.” Combination therapy must become the standard of care of hypercholesterolemia treatment.
Current and Potential New Targets in Systemic Sclerosis Therapy: a New Hope
Authors: Hinchcliff Monique , O’Reilly Steven 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease in which there is an activation of fibroblast to a myofibroblast that secretes huge amounts of extracellular matrix. Currently, no treatment exists that modifies the fibrosis elements and new therapeutic targets are badly needed. This review examines the current state of treatments and emerging therapeutics.

Recent Findings
Nintedanib was found to significantly reduce the rate of decline in SSc associated FVC, although it has no benefit on skin fibrosis. New cannabinoid receptor2 agonist has shown superb effects in phase II and results in phase III are anticipated. Other targets are currently being tested in clinical trials and new targets that are yet to be tested are increasing in the SSc literature.

Summary
Nintedanib is now licenced for SSc interstitial lung disease but this does not modify the skin fibrosis. Current ongoing trials will determine the role of various targets. New targets are emerging as we gain a deeper understanding of disease pathogenesis.
Compressively-strained GaSb nanowires with core-shell heterostructures
Authors: Zhu Zhongyunshen , Svensson Johannes , Persson Axel R. , Wallenberg Reine , Gromov Andrei V. , Wernersson Lars-Erik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGaSb-based nanowires in a gate-all-around geometry are good candidates for binary p-type transistors, however they require the introduction of compressive strain to enhance the transport properties. Here, we for the first time demonstrate epitaxial GaSb-GaAsxSb1−x core-shell nanowires with a compressively strained core. Both axial and hydrostatic strain in GaSb core have been measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman scattering, respectively. The optimal sample, almost without plastic relaxation, has an axial strain of −0.88% and a hydrostatic strain of −1.46%, leading to a noticeable effect where the light hole band is calculated to be 33.4 meV above the heavy hole band at the Γ-point. This valence band feature offers more light holes to contribute the transport process, and thus may provide enhanced hole mobility by reducing both the interband scattering and the hole effective mass. Our results show that lattice-mismatched epitaxial core-shell heterostructures of high quality can also be realized in the promising yet demanding GaSb-based system.