bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATAD5 restricts R-loop formation through PCNA unloading and RNA helicase maintenance at the replication fork
Authors: Kim Sangin , Kang Nalae , Park Su Hyung , Wells James , Hwang Taejoo , Ryu Eunjin , Kim Byung-gyu , Hwang Sunyoung , Kim Seong-jung , Kang Sukhyun , Lee Semin , Stirling Peter , Myung Kyungjae , Lee Kyoo-young 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
R-loops are formed when replicative forks collide with the transcriptional machinery and can cause genomic instability. However, it is unclear how R-loops are regulated at transcription-replication conflict (TRC) sites and how replisome proteins are regulated to prevent R-loop formation or mediate R-loop tolerance. Here, we report that ATAD5, a PCNA unloader, plays dual functions to reduce R-loops both under normal and replication stress conditions. ATAD5 interacts with RNA helicases such as DDX1, DDX5, DDX21 and DHX9 and increases the abundance of these helicases at replication forks to facilitate R-loop resolution. Depletion of ATAD5 or ATAD5-interacting RNA helicases consistently increases R-loops during the S phase and reduces the replication rate, both of which are enhanced by replication stress. In addition to R-loop resolution, ATAD5 prevents the generation of new R-loops behind the replication forks by unloading PCNA which, otherwise, accumulates and persists on DNA, causing a collision with the transcription machinery. Depletion of ATAD5 reduces transcription rates due to PCNA accumulation. Consistent with the role of ATAD5 and RNA helicases in maintaining genomic integrity by regulating R-loops, the corresponding genes were mutated or downregulated in several human tumors.
A history of early household economics: Improving the family’s contribution to industrial production and rationalizing family consumption
Authors: Bankovsky Miriam 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article contributes to our knowledge of two early phases in the history of household economics. The first is represented by the 19th-century theory of Alfred Marshall and the second by the interwar theories of several North American consumer economists (Hazel Kyrk, Elizabeth Hoyt, and Margaret Reid). The aim is to present the analytical focus and accounts of social good that animated these phases. Since Marshall’s focus was on improving industrial production, his family economics explained how the Victorian family could improve the labour it contributed to industry. But the North American consumer economists sought to improve family consumption. Regarding ethics, 19th-century families were to cultivate an industrious and altruistic character. But the consumer economists thought families needed protection from producer fraud, along with living standards that expressed their individuality. Early household economics also accepted the gendered family form that had accompanied these developments, rejecting more ‘activist’ conceptions.
Association Between Kinesiophobia and Life Space Among Community-Dwelling Older People with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: Uchida Kazuaki , Murata Shunsuke , Kawaharada Rika , Tsuboi Yamato , Isa Tsunenori , Okumura Maho , Matsuda Naoka , Nakatsuka Kiyomasa , Horibe Kana , Kogaki Masahumi , Ono Rei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveKinesiophobia (i.e., fear of movement caused by pain) is increasingly acknowledged as a determinant of disuse among patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Kinesiophobia may affect life space—a crucial indicator of an active lifestyle among older people. This study aimed to investigate the previously unexamined association between kinesiophobia and life space among community-dwelling older people with chronic musculoskeletal pain.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingCommunity.SubjectsWe analyzed data from 194 community-dwelling older people (age ≥65 years, mean age = 75.7 years, 71.6% women) with chronic musculoskeletal pain.MethodsKinesiophobia, life space, and pain severity were assessed using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Life Space Assessment, and Brief Pain Inventory. Linear regression models were applied to analyze the associations between kinesiophobia and life space, and pain severity and life space.ResultsIn our sample, the prevalence rates for chronic musculoskeletal pain were 10.82% (N = 21) for neck, 55.15% (N = 107) for lower back, 25.26% (N = 49) for shoulder, and 50.00% (N = 97) for knee. The results suggest that higher kinesiophobia is associated with smaller life space (adjusted beta = −0.91, 95% CI = −1.43 to −0.45, P &lt; 0.001), even after adjustment for age, gender, years of education, pain severity, and presence of comorbidity. On the contrary, no significant association between pain severity and life space was observed (adjusted beta = −0.61, 95% CI = −2.92 to 1.72, P = 0.624).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that kinesiophobia plays an important role in the determination of life space among older people with chronic musculoskeletal pain.
Modeling Phylogenetic Biome Shifts on a Planet with a Past
Authors: Landis Michael , Edwards Erika J , Donoghue Michael J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The spatial distribution of biomes has changed considerably over deep time, so the geographical opportunity for an evolutionary lineage to shift into a new biome may depend on how the availability and connectivity of biomes has varied temporally. To better understand how lineages shift between biomes in space and time, we developed a phylogenetic biome shift model in which each lineage shifts between biomes and disperses between regions at rates that depend on the lineage’s biome affinity and location relative to the spatial distribution of biomes at any given time. To study the behavior of the biome shift model in an empirical setting, we developed a literature-based representation of paleobiome structure for three mesic forest biomes, six regions, and eight time strata, ranging from the Late Cretaceous (100 Ma) through the present. We then fitted the model to a time-calibrated phylogeny of 119 Viburnum species to compare how the results responded to various realistic or unrealistic assumptions about paleobiome structure. Ancestral biome estimates that account for paleobiome dynamics reconstructed a warm temperate (or tropical) origin of Viburnum, which is consistent with previous fossil-based estimates of ancestral biomes. Imposing unrealistic paleobiome distributions led to ancestral biome estimates that eliminated support for tropical origins, and instead inflated support for cold temperate ancestry throughout the warmer Paleocene and Eocene. The biome shift model we describe is applicable to the study of evolutionary systems beyond Viburnum, and the core mechanisms of our model are extensible to the design of richer phylogenetic models of historical biogeography and/or lineage diversification. We conclude that biome shift models that account for dynamic geographical opportunities are important for inferring ancestral biomes that are compatible with our understanding of Earth history.[Ancestral states; biome shifts; historical biogeography; niche conservatism; phylogenetics]
Redescription of the skull of the Australian flatback sea turtle,Natator depressus,provides new morphological evidence for phylogenetic relationships among sea turtles (Chelonioidea)
Authors: Chatterji Ray M , Hutchinson Mark N , Jones Marc E H 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChelonioidea (sea turtles) are a group where available morphological evidence for crown-group relationships are incongruent with those established using molecular data. However, morphological surveys of crown-group taxa tend to focus on a recurring subset of the extant species. The Australian flatback sea turtle, Natator depressus, is often excluded from comparisons and it is the most poorly known of the seven extant species of Chelonioidea. Previous descriptions of its skull morphology are limited and conflict. Here we describe three skulls of adult N. depressus and re-examine the phylogenetic relationships according to morphological character data. Using X-ray micro Computed Tomography we describe internal structures of the braincase and identify new phylogenetically informative characters not previously reported. Phylogenetic analysis using a Bayesian approach strongly supports a sister-group relationship between Chelonia mydas and N. depressus, a topology that was not supported by previous analyses of morphological data but one that matches the topology supported by analysis of molecular data. Our results highlight the general need to sample the morphological anatomy of crown-group taxa more thoroughly before concluding that morphological and molecular evidence are incongruous.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Intermediate-risk Prostate Cancer With VMAT and Real-time Electromagnetic Tracking
Authors: D’Agostino Giuseppe R. , Mancosu Pietro , Di Brina Lucia , Franzese Ciro , Pasini Luisa , Iftode Cristina , Comito Tiziana , De Rose Fiorenza , Guazzoni Giorgio F. , Scorsetti Marta 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:Stereotactic body radiation treatment represents an intriguing therapeutic option for patients with early-stage prostate cancer. In this phase II study, stereotactic body radiation treatment was delivered by volumetric modulated arc therapy with flattening filter free beams and was gated using real-time electromagnetic transponder system to maximize precision of radiotherapy and, potentially, to reduce toxicities.Materials and Methods:Patients affected by histologically proven prostate adenocarcinoma and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) intermediate class of risk were enrolled in this phase II study. Beacon transponders were positioned transrectally within the prostate parenchyma 7 to 10 days before simulation computed tomography scan. The radiotherapy schedule was 38 Gy in 4 fractions delivered every other day. Toxicity assessment was performed according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), v4.0.Results:Thirty-six patients were enrolled in this study. Median initial prostate-specific antigen was 7.0 ng/mL (range: 2.3 to 14.0 ng/mL). Median nadir–prostate-specific antigen after treatment was 0.2 ng/mL (range: 0.006 to 4.8 ng/mL). A genitourinary acute toxicity was observed in 21 patients (dysuria grade [G] 1: 41.7%, G2: 16.7%). Gastrointestinal acute toxicity was found in 9 patients (proctitis G1: 19.4%, G2: 5.6%). Late toxicity was mild (genitourinary toxicity G1: 30.6%; G2: 8.3%; gastrointestinal toxicity G1: 13.9%; G2: 19.4%). At a median follow-up time of 41 months, 3 biochemical recurrences were observed (2 local recurrences, 1 distant metastasis). Three-year biochemical recurrence-free survival was 89.8% (International Society of Urologic Pathology Grade Group 2: 100%, Grade Group 3: 77.1%,P=0.042).Conclusion:Ultrahypofractionated radiotherapy, delivered with flattening filter free-volumetric modulated arc therapy and gated by electromagnetic transponders, is a valid option for intermediate-risk prostate cancer.
Carcinoid Tumors of the Orbit and Ocular Adnexa
Authors: Mustak Hamzah , Liu Wenjing , Murta Fabiola , Ozgur Omar , Couch Steven , Garrity James , Shinder Roman , Kazim Michael , Callahan Alison , Hayek Brent , Kim HeeJoon , Yu Fei , Esmaeli Bita , Rose Geoffrey , Rootman Daniel 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
Well-differentiated neuroendocrine or carcinoid tumors are found most commonly in the gastrointestinal tract. When metastatic to the orbit, they tend to have a propensity for the extraocular muscles. The purpose of this study was to better understand the diversity in presentation of orbital carcinoid disease and to determine predictors for survival.

Methods:
In this observational cross-sectional cohort study, data from 8 tertiary orbital practices were compiled. Demographic, clinical, pathologic, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage and grade, imaging, and management data were extracted for all the patients. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Subgroups were compared utilizing analysis of variance analyses and Kaplan–Meier curves. Time to progression and disease-specific and overall mortality were calculated. Comparisons were performed for the following a priori pairs: unknown versus known primary tumor, single versus multiple extraocular muscle involvement, unilateral versus bilateral orbital disease, extraocular muscle versus other orbital involvement, and excisional versus incisional surgery.

Results:
A total of 28 patients with carcinoid tumors of the orbit were identified. Of these, 57.1% of patients were female, the mean age at diagnosis of the primary tumor was 58.8 years and the mean age at diagnosis of orbital disease was 62.6 years. At primary presentation, all patients were American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III or IV and 21.4% demonstrated carcinoid syndrome. Muscle involvement was noted in 78.6% of patients, and of these, 72% were noted to have single muscle disease. Eight patients had no primary tumor identified; 3 of these 8 demonstrated disseminated disease at the time of diagnosis. The overall 5-year survival rate was 81.8% from diagnosis of primary tumor and 50% from diagnosis of orbital disease. Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with unilateral orbital disease when compared with bilateral orbital disease had a longer progression-free survival and time to death from all causes (p = 0.025). Patients with disease localized to the orbit at presentation had longer time to death than those with disseminated disease. Treatment with surgery, radiation, or octreotide did not appear to affect survival. Patients managed with systemic chemotherapy had a shorter time of survival than the rest of the group. All other subgroup comparisons were not found to be statistically significant.

Conclusions:
Neuroendocrine tumors of the orbit represent a wide spectrum of disease, with some cases being part of disseminated disease, while others being localized presentations. This heterogeneity may be responsible for the slightly higher overall survival in these patients than others with metastatic carcinoid tumors in other locations.
Pre-sarcopenia is the prognostic factor of overall survival in early-stage hepatoma patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Yeh Wen-Shuo , Chiang Pi-Ling , Kee Kwong-Ming , Chang Ching-Di , Lu Sheng-Nan , Chen Chien-Hung , Wang Jing-Houng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Sarcopenia might have impact on the outcome of patients with hepatoma carcinoma (HCC). This study was to determine whether pre-sarcopenia is associated with the outcome of HCC patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation (RFA).
Patients with newly diagnosed HCC undergoing RFA were enrolled. We excluded patients without pre-RFA abdominal computed tomography or with incomplete ablation. Psoas muscle area index was calculated at the mid-lumbar 3 level of computed tomography images with the manual trace method. Pre-sarcopenia was defined as psoas muscle area index less than 4.24 and 2.50 cm2/m2 for males and females respectively. The demographics and clinical characteristics were recorded before RFA.
All patients were followed regularly until death or end of 2018. A total of 136 patients, including – BCLC stage 0 (n = 44, 32.4%) and – stage A (n = 92, 67.6%), were enrolled (males/females: 78/58, age: 65.4 years) with a mean follow-up period of 3.84 years. There were 75 patients (55.1%) with HCC recurrence and 47 patients (34.6%) with mortality during follow-up. Twenty-two (16.2%) patients were diagnosed with pre-sarcopenia. Multivariate analysis showed pre-sarcopenia (HR: 2.110 (1.092–4.078); P = .026) was the only factor significantly associated with overall survival (OS); however, there were no factors associated with HCC recurrence.
For patients without and with pre-sarcopenia, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 92.0%, 77.6%, 68.9%, and 81.8%, 54.5%, 44.1% respectively (P = .007). For early-stage HCC patients undergoing RFA, pre-sarcopenia is the prognostic factor of OS, but not of recurrence, with a worse 5-year OS rate of 44.1%.
Anti-Müllerian hormone as an ovarian reserve marker in women with the most frequent muscular dystrophies
Authors: Parmova Olesja , Vlckova Eva , Hulova Monika , Mensova Livie , Crha Igor , Stradalova Petra , Kralickova Eva , Jurikova Lenka , Podborska Martina , Mazanec Radim , Dusek Ladislav , Jarkovsky Jiri , Bednarik Josef , Vohanka Stanislav , Srotova Iva 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Some muscular dystrophies may have a negative impact on fertility. A decreased ovarian reserve is 1 of the factors assumed to be involved in fertility impairment. AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone) is currently considered the best measure of ovarian reserve.
A total of 21 females with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (MD1), 25 females with myotonic dystrophy type 2 (MD2), 12 females with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), 12 female carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy mutations (cDMD) and 86 age-matched healthy controls of reproductive age (range 18 – 44 years) were included in this case control study. An enzymatically amplified 2-site immunoassay was used to measure serum AMH level.
The MD1 group shows a significant decrease of AMH values (median 0.7 ng/mL; range 0 – 4.9 ng/mL) compared with age-matched healthy controls (P < .01). AMH levels were similar between patients and controls in terms of females with MD2 (P = .98), FSHD (P = .55) and cDMD (P = .60).
This study suggests decreased ovarian reserve in women with MD1, but not in MD2, FSHD and cDMD.
Genetic variations associated with telomere length affect the risk of gastric carcinoma
Authors: Lili Ma , Yuxiang Fan , Zhongcheng Han , Ying Su , Ru Chen , Rong Xu , Jiang Liu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to further understand the role of relative telomere length (RTL) in susceptibility to gastric carcinoma (GC) and investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms in the telomere length related genes and GC risk.RTL was measured using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction from 1000 patients and 1100 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using the Agena MassARRAY platform. The statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square/ WelchTtests, Mann–WhitneyUtest, and logistic regression analysis.The association analysis of telomere length and GC showed that the RTL in the case group was shorter than in the controls, and the shorter RTL was associated with an increased risk of GC. The association analysis between telomere length related genes polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to GC indicated that: In the allele models and genetic models,TERT(rs10069690, rs2242652 and rs2853676) andTN1F1(rs7708392 and rs10036748) were significantly associated with an increased risk of GC. In addition, the haplotype "Grs10069690Crs2242652” ofTERTand the haplotype "Grs7708392Trs10036748” ofTNIP1were associated with an increased risk of GCOur results suggested that shorter RTL was associated with an increased risk of GC; The association analysis have identified that theTERT(rs10069690, rs2242652 and rs2853676) andTN1P1(rs7708392 and rs10036748) were associated with GC risk.
Incidence and mortality trend of congenital heart disease at the global, regional, and national level, 1990–2017
Authors: Wu Weiliang , He Jinxian , Shao Xiaobo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most commonly diagnosed congenital disorder in newborns. The incidence and mortality of CHD vary worldwide. A detailed understanding of the global, regional, and national distribution of CHD is critical for CHD prevention.
We collected the incidence and mortality data of CHD from the Global Burden of Disease study 2017 database. Average annual percentage change was applied to quantify the temporal trends of CHD incidence and mortality at the global, regional, and national level, 1990–2017. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility.
The incidence of CHD was relatively high in developing countries located in Africa and Asia, while low in most developed countries. Between 1990 and 2017, the CHD incidence rate remained stable at the global level, whereas increased in certain developed countries, such as Germany and France. The age-standardized mortality rate of CHD declined substantially over the last 3 decades, regardless of sex, age, and SDI region. The decline was more prominent in developed countries. We also detected a significant positive correlation between CHD incidence and CHD mortality in both 1990 and 2017, by SDI.
The incidence of CHD remained stable over the last 3 decades, suggesting little improvement in CHD prevention strategies and highlighting the importance of etiological studies. The mortality of CHD decreased worldwide, albeit the greatly geographical heterogeneity. Developing countries located in Africa and Asia deserve more attention and priority in the global CHD prevention program.
The research of Tuna Huichun Gong on pulmonary function, exercise tolerance, and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on the concept of early pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Yu Wei , Su Peiyuan , Wang Jiaojiao , Zhou Pengcheng , Chen Keling , Liu Li , Xia Qianming , Chen Yuewei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common high-burden and highly disabling lung disease. The quality of life and exercise endurance of patients with COPD is often low because of atrophy of the respiratory and skeletal muscles. Although recommended by the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease guidelines, pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has not been used widely because of its inherent limitations. Tuna-Hui-Chun-Gong (TNHCG) is a popular traditional exercise used to treat COPD in China. We aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TNHCG for PR of COPD.

Methods:
The provided protocol is for a single-blind randomized controlled trial in which 120 COPD patients will be randomly and equally divided into the experimental or control group. The control group will be treated with standard COPD drugs while the experimental group will perform TNHCG exercises apart from standard drug treatment. The duration of treatment will be 24 weeks and a follow-up for 48 weeks. The primary outcome will be the 6-Minute Walk Test. The secondary outcomes will include the pulmonary function test, St George's respiratory questionnaire, COPD assessment test, modified medical research council dyspnea scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and exacerbation frequency. A safety assessment will also be performed during the trial.

Discussion:
Our study will provide evidence to support TNHCG exercise as an additional measure for PR of COPD.

Trial registration:
ChiCTR1900028332, Registered December 29, 2019.

Ethics and dissemination:
Ethics approval has been granted by the Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Regional Ethics Review Committee (No. 2019KL-050).