bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Image Perception and Body Composition in Early Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study of an Italian Cohort
Authors: Toselli Stefania , Grigoletto Alessia , Zaccagni Luciana , Rinaldo Natascia , Badicu Georgian , Grosz Wilhelm Robert , Campa Francesco 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Adolescence is a period of life in which students face physical and psychological changes that can destabilise them, and that is characterised by specific health and developmental needs and rights. The aim of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal association between anthropometric, weight status, body composition changes, and body image perception, keeping into account sex and maturity differences in adolescents. Methods: A sample of 134 children (64 males and 70 females) attending secondary school in the Emilia Romagna region (northern Italy) have been followed longitudinally for three consecutive years. Sports practice was assessed by questionnaire, and maturity status was detected. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, and body image perception were carried out. The discrepancy between the actual figure and the ideal figure was used to determine the degree of body image dissatisfaction, while improper perception of weight status was evaluated by means of Feel weight status minus Actual weight status Inconsistency (FAI).Results: A high percentage of the sample (about 90% in both sexes) practiced sport during the three years. In males, since they were approaching the PHV, leg length growth was prevalent. In females, height increment was lower than the one observed in males, such as the sitting height increment was higher than that of leg length. Connected with sexual dimorphism is also the trend of skinfold thicknesses, which generally showed a decrease in males and increase in females during the three years. Percentage of body fat followed the same trend. In both sex, body image perception did not show significant variations with age, and FAI score indicated no inconsistency in weight status perception. A difference in the perception of body image was observed in subjects of different weight status categories in each class. Conclusions: As demonstrated by the present study, the body image perception did not seem to change with age, but associations were found between body image perception and weight status. Monitoring perception in young adolescents, as well as taking into account their maturity and weight status is a priority to prevent nutritional disorders.
Dynamic Changes of the Colonic Microbiota in Rat during Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Wang sizhen , Tong Zhihui , Li Weiqin , Li Qiurong , Li Jieshou 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The bacterial contamination of pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis is supposed to occur through translocation of intestinal bacteria. To date, the pathophysiology of the underlying bacterial translocation is poorly understood. Increased gut permeability and gut flora dysbiosis may be the initial phenomenon in this process. The present study investigated the colonic microbiota alteration pattern as well as observed colonic epithelium change in rats with SAP. Method: Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to monitor the colonic microbiota of control rats and experimental rats that 2, 6,and 12 hours following severe acute pancreatitis which was induced by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate into biliopancreatic duct. Colonic samples and its contents at 1 cm distal to the cecal-colonic junction was harvested for morphological studies, streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry examination.Results: Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of colonic microbiota showed that gut flora pattern changed early after severe acute pancreatitis, differed significantly at 6 hours of model was induced, and then started to recover towards normal pattern. The specific dysbiosis were characterized by Escherichia coli proliferation and Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacilli reduction. As shown by immunohistochemical staining, greatly reduced expressions of ZO-1 protein were detected in rats with SAP. And the structures of junctional complexes were disrupted and the gaps between cell junctions were wider after the SAP induced.Conclusions: Severe acute pancreatitis results in colonic flora dysbiosis. And tight junction in rats with SAP was disrupted in the intestinal epithelium. Both of them may be a key factor contributing to bacterial translocations in rats with SAP.
Association between triglyceride-glucose index and risk of incident diabetes: a secondary analysis based on a Chinese cohort study
Authors: Li Xiaoli , Li Guilong , Cheng Tiantian , Liu Jing , Song Guangyao , Ma Huijuan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Recent studies have suggested the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) may serve as a suitable substitute for insulin resistance. However, evidence for the relationship between TyG index and risk of diabetes remains limited. This study sought to explore the association of baseline TyG index with risk of developing diabetes in Chinese adults.Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the health screening program in China. A total of 201,298 non-diabetic individuals were included. TyG index was calculated as Ln [fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) × fasting triglyceride level (mg/dL) / 2]. Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL and/or self-reported diabetes. Cox proportion-hazard model was employed to evaluate the independent impact of baseline TyG index on future diabetes risk. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were implemented to verify the reliability of results. Notably, data were downloaded from the DATADRYAD website, and used only for secondary analyses.Results: During an average follow-up of 3.12 years, among 201,298 individuals aged ≥20 years, 3,389 subjects developed diabetes. After adjusting for potential confounders, elevated TyG index were independently correlated with greater risk of incident diabetes (hazard ratio (HR), 3.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.11–3.60). Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1), increasing TyG index (Q2, Q3, and Q4) was related to increased HR estimates of incident diabetes [HR (95% CI), 1.83 (1.49–2.26); 3.29 ( 2.70–4.01), and 6.26 (5.15–7.60), respectively]. Moreover, a nonlinear relationship was observed between TyG index and risk of diabetes and the slope of the curve increased accompanying the rise of TyG index. Subgroup analysis revealed the positive association was stronger among subjects with age < 40 years, body mass index ≥18.5 kg/m2 and < 24 kg/m2, or systolic blood pressure <140 mmHg, or in females.Conclusions: Elevated TyG index is independently correlated with increased risk of incident diabetes in Chinese adults, indicating it may represent a reliable predictor of diabetes in high-risk populations.
Role of the Media in Health-Related Awareness Campaigns on Perceptions of COVID-19: A Pre-Post Study in the General Population of Pakistan
Authors: Rehman Atta Ur , Zakar Rubeena , Zakar Muhammaz Zakria , Hani Ume , Fischer Florian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: In January 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a global public health emergency. Medical preparedness and community education are the most valuable preventive tools for combatting this pandemic. The objective of this study was to assess the role of media public health awareness campaigns on the knowledge of the general population about COVID-19 in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.Methods: A quantitative study using a pre-post design among 384 respondents was conducted. To recruit study participants, a systematic random sampling technique was used. A structured questionnaire was administered to the participants twice: The first response (t1) from participants was filled in during the first week in February 2020 before any confirmed cases were reported in the country, and the second response (t2) was completed one month after the first case detection in Pakistan (March 2020). Media health awareness campaigns were launched just after the detection of the first case in Pakistan. Data was analysed by computing descriptive statistics and paired t-tests to measure the level of association between variables.Results: Exposure to the media and knowledge relating to COVID-19, particularly its symptoms and frequent handwashing as a preventive measure, increased over time. Whereas only a quarter of respondents judged the isolation of suspected cases in quarantine to be important to prevent the spread of infection in society at t1, more than half did so at t2. The same increase was visible in relation to the statement that a lockdown helps to follow social distancing. Socio-demographic characteristics were not significantly associated with knowledge (gains). However, more frequent use of electronic media is associated with greater knowledge gains from t1 to t2.Conclusions: The findings of this study provide evidence that awareness and knowledge related to COVID-19 symptoms and preventive measures increased significantly over time. The increased frequency of following the media indicates that health awareness campaigns are important for enhancing the knowledge of the general public regarding COVID-19.
IHR (2005) Implementation and Health Security Capacities at National and Sub-national Levels in India in the Context of COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Dhuria Meera , Singh Sujeet Kumar , Jain Sudhir Kumar , Kandel Nirmal , Sharma Arun Kumar , Nguyen Tran M , Honnakamble Raghavendra A , Chauhan Ritu , Ofrin Roderico 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The implementation of International Health regulations (2005)ensure public health measures to prevent, detect, and respond to threats and events, including infections disease events like COVID19 to the prevention and control of the international spread of the disease. At the onset of COVID-19 outbreak, we analysed India’s national and subnational level preparedness capacities against COVID19. Methods: India’s health security capacities were reviewed using five indices, i) prevent, ii) detect, iii) respond, iv) enabling function and v) operational readiness using the 2019 score of India’s State Party Annual Report. For subnational analysis, a composite measure is developed for operational readiness capacity for each state using Sustainable Development Goal index score for good health and well-being (SDG3) and indicators of COVID19 preparedness and readiness capacity. Results: India had score 60% for prevent, 90% for detect, 63.3% for respond, 80% for enabling function and 74.4% operational readiness and they were at level 3, 5, 4,5and 4 respectively. Out of 36 federal states, 5 (14%) states were level 5, 10 (28%) at level 4, 17 (47%) at level 3 and 4 (11%) states at level 2 for the operational readiness index. Conclusions: India’s capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to outbreaks were comparable with other countries in the SEAR region. It performed better on prevent, detect, respond and enabling function, which suggest that effective response to COVID19 pandemic could be enabled. The operational readiness capacities of federal states are comparable except for the few states. However, it needs to corroborate with local risk assessment due to COVID19 to fully understand the readiness capacity. Rapid development of capacities at the sub-national levels are needed to strengthen national readiness capacities.
A peer interview qualitative study exploring support for carers of people with comorbid autism and eating disorders
Authors: Kinnaird Emma , Oakley Madeleine , Lawrence Vanessa , Shergill Sukhi , Tchanturia Kate 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Carers of people with eating disorders (EDs) are known to experience a lack of support, high levels of unmet needs and resulting distress. Specific support and interventions for carers may benefit both the carer, and their loved one with an ED. Individuals with co-occurring autism spectrum condition (ASC) and EDs may present with additional needs and difficulties relating to their ASC that impact their carers. However, there is a lack of research exploring whether carers of people with ASC and EDs have specific support needs, and what kinds of support may be most beneficial for this population.
Methods
This study used a qualitative interview design, utilising peer interviews. Eleven carers participated in interviews about their experiences as a carer, and their views on existing support systems and potential improvements. As the study took place during the initial UK coronavirus lockdown, the impact of the lockdown also emerged as a topic during the interviews. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.
Results
Five themes were identified: challenges associated with co-occurring ASC and EDs, a lack of existing support for carers from healthcare services, the personal impact of caring for someone with both ASC and EDs, ideas for how carers can be best supported, and the impact of the coronavirus on carers.
Conclusions
Carers of loved ones with both ASC and EDs described the experience as having a significant personal impact on their lives, but also experienced a lack of support from healthcare services. There was a perception that caring for someone with both an ASC and EDs presents additional challenges compared to caring for someone with an ED only, and that this population therefore requires specialised support. Recommendations for possible support options, and for further research, are outlined.
Modified technique of closing the port site after multiport thoracoscopic surgery using the shingled suture technique: a single centre experience
Authors: Xu Haitao , Ren Shuai , She Tianyu , Zhang Jingyu , Zhang Lianguo , Jia Teng , Zhang Qingguang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Due to improvements in operative techniques and medical equipment, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery has become a mainstay of thoracic surgery. Nevertheless, in multiport thoracoscopic surgery,there have been no substantive improvements in how to improve the aesthetics of the site of the chest tube left for postoperative drainage of intrathoracic fluid and decompression of air leak after the thoracoscopic surgery. Leakage of fluid and air around the site of the chest tube can be extremely bothersome to the patient. Methods: From March 2019 to April 2020, we used modified technique of closing the port site in 67 patients and traditional method in 51 patients who underwent multiport thoracoscopic surgery due to lung disease or mediastinal disease. With our modified technique, the muscle and fat layers are sutured separately and a removal-free, absorbable, continuous intradermal suture is used for the skin closure to assure both a tight closure and a better aesthetic appearance. The traditional method of fixation of the chest tube use two sutures to close the skin on each side of the chest tube.Results: The chest tubes were removed 2–13 days after the thoracoscopic procedure. In the modified technique group,one patients (1.49%) had fluid extravasation, which was better than five patients (9.80%) in the traditional method group (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in subcutaneous emphysema and wound dehiscenc between the two groups.However,the incidence of subcutaneous emphysema and wound dehiscenc in the modified technique group were lower than in the traditional method group.There were no post-removal pneumothorax and wound infection in either groups.Conclusions: This modified technique of port site closure is a leak-proof method of fixation of the chest tube after multiport thoracoscopic surgery and effective with aesthetic appearance of the skin.
Chitopentaose Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inducing Mitochondrial Mediated Apoptosis and Suppressing Protective Autophagy
Authors: Zhu Chunfeng , Zhao Mengyao , Fan Liqiang , Cao Xuni , Xia Quanming , Zhou Jiachun , Yin Hao , Liming Zhao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and deadliest cancers. In this study, the anti-tumor effect of singular degree of polymerization (DP) chitooligosaccharides (COS) (DP 2-5) and the underlay molecular mechanisms were investigated on HCC cell line HepG2. MTT assay showed that (GlcN)5 have the best anti-proliferation effect among the different DP of COS (DP2-5). Furthermore, the administration of (GlcN)5 could decrease mitochondrial membrane potential, release cytochrome c into cytoplasm, activate the cleavage of Caspases9/3, thus inducing mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Additionally, (GlcN)5 treatment could increase the accumulation of autophagosomes. Further investigation showed that (GlcN)5 suppressed protective autophagy at the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. Moreover, the inhibition of protective autophagy flux by (GlcN)5 could further decrease cell viability and increase apoptosis rate. Our findings suggested that (GlcN)5 suppressed HepG2 proliferation through inducing apoptosis via intrinsic pathway and impairing cell protective autophagy. COS might have the potential to be an agent for lowering the risk of HCC.
Acute Liver Failure for Liver Transplantation Due to Hepatolenticular Degeneration:a Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yan Hai-Bo , Liu Jing-Wei , Li Yu-mei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundWilson disease (WD) is a genetic disease of abnormal copper metabolism, pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is a life-threatening illness. Wilson’s disease with acute liver failure has rapid progress, and high mortality, especially in children.Case presentationThe patient was a 14-year-old girl who developed vomiting, jaundice within 7 days, leading to the initial suspicion of acute liver failure. Results of further investigation by geen and histological examination were consistent with a diagnosis of Wilson disease. She was treated with plasma exchange and DPMAS. After six days of treatment, coagulation routine and bilirubin improved, and she was gradually conscious. On the 8th day after admission, the condition was deteriorate, she was confusion, and had dyspnea, bleeding. The coagulation routine continued to deteriorate, bilirubin did not decrease significantly. Doppler ultrasound examination showed that the portal vein blood flow direction was away from the liver. Abdominal CT showed gastric varicose veins. She underwent liver transplantation. Thirty-three days later, she recovered. Patients with PALF should be transferred to a center with a transplant unit early. Once conservative treatment fails, LT should be performed. ConclusionA review of the literature shows that Wilson disease can occur at any age, including childhood. Wilson’s disease with acute liver failure has rapid progress, and high mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment is the key to improving the prognosis.
WITHDRAWN: Do Pre-existing Comorbid Conditions Influence the Clinical Course of COVID-19 Infection in Childhood?
Authors: Bayhan Gulsum Iclal , Demirdag Tugba Bedir , Yuksek Saliha Kanik , Parlakay Aslinur Ozkaya , Gulhan Belgin , Dinc Bedia , Bulut Busra , Senel Emrah 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCOVID-19 has a milder clinical course in childhood with significantly lower mortality than in adulthood. The presence of comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease is thought to be associated with increased mortality in adults. There is very little information on the clinical course of COVID-19 in children with pre-existing comorbid conditions. MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated laboratory-confirmed pediatric COVID-19 at the Children’s Hospital of Ankara City Hospital. The patients were classified as those with and without pre-existing comorbid conditions and the two groups were compared for age, gender, clinical picture at presentation, the presence of severe disease, and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) requirement. ResultsA total of 317 children were confirmed to have COVID-19 infection. A pre-existing comorbid condition was present in 59 (18.6%) and absent in 258 (81.4%). The rate of lower respiratory tract infection was significantly higher in the patients with comorbidities (p=0.012). None of our patients had severe disease on admission and severe disease did not develop during follow-up. ConclusionsOur results indicate that the clinical course of COVID-19 in children with pre-existing comorbid conditions may not be as severe as in adults, and lower respiratory infection may be more common in children with pre-existing comorbidities.
USP24-GSDMB complex promotes bladder cancer proliferation via activation of the STAT3 pathway
Authors: He Haiqing , Zhang Bin , Yan Bin , Xiao Ming , Ren Jiannan , Zi Dong , Zhu Liang , Zhong Zhaohui , Zhao Xiaokun , Jin xin , Xiong Wei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBladder cancer is the fourth and tenth most common malignancy in men and women worldwide, respectively. One of the main reasons for the unsatisfactory therapeutic control of bladder cancer is that the molecular biological mechanism of bladder cancer is complex. Gasdermin B (GSDMB) is one member of the gasdermin family and participates in the regulation of cell pyroptosis. The role of GSDMB in bladder cancer has not been studied to date.MethodsThe clinical relevance of GSDMB was examined by the TCGA data set. Functional assays, such as the MTT assay, Celigo fluorescent cell-counting assay, Annexin V-APC assay and xenografts, were used to determine the biological role of GSDMB in bladder cancer. The interaction between GSDMB and STAT3, or GSDMB and USP24 were detected by Mass spectrometry and verified through immunoprecipitation. The relationship between USP24, GSDMB and STAT3 was examined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn this study, bioinformatics analysis indicated that the mRNA expression level of GSDMB in bladder cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. Then, we showed that GSDMB promoted bladder cancer progression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GSDMB interacted with STAT3 to increase the phosphorylation of STAT3 and modulate the glucose metabolism and promote tumor growth in bladder cancer cells. Besides, we also showed that USP24 stabilized GSDMB to activate STAT3 signaling, which was blocked by the USP24 inhibitor. ConclusionsWe suggested that aberrantly up-regulated GSDMB was responsible for enhancing the growth and invasion ability of bladder cancer cells. Then, we showed that GSDMB could bind to STAT3 and activate STAT3 signaling in bladder cancer. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that USP24 interacts with GSDMB and prevents GSDMB from degradation in bladder cancer cells. Therefore, the USP24/GSDMB/STAT3 axis may be a new targetable signaling pathway for bladder cancer treatment.