bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated analysis to predict micro‐RNAs targeting both stemness and metastasis in human gastric cancer
Authors: Azimi Mahnaz , Totonchi Mehdi , Rahimi Mahsa , Firouzi Javad , Sahranavard Parisa , Emami Razavi Amirnader , Memari Fereidoon , Kamali Fatemeh , Ebrahimi Marzieh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimCancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of tumor cells, assess the capacity of self‐renewal, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Regulation of CSCs and their epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) potential is one of the promising strategies to eliminate cancer or to inhibit metastasis. Micro‐RNAs (miRNAs) as regulators of several cell properties, such as self‐renewal, metastasis, and resistance to the drug, could be proper targets in cancer diagnosis and therapy. The aim of the present study is to select common miRNAs targeting both self‐renewal and metastasis in gastric cancer.MethodsStemness‐related and EMT‐related genes were selected by literature mining. The common miRNAs targeting genes were chosen using different databases and r programming language. The expression pattern of selected miRNAs and genes was evaluated in gastrospheres—as a gastric CSC model—and gastric tumor biopsies.ResultsBased on the integrated analysis, six miRNAs common to both stemness and metastasis were identified. miR‐200c‐3p and miR‐520c‐3p overexpressed in MKN‐45 gastrospheres and grade III tumors. In AGS spheres, however, miR‐520c‐3p and miR‐200c‐3p upregulation and miR‐34a‐5p downregulation were similar to grade II tumors. Interestingly, miR‐200c‐3p and miR‐520c‐3p indicated a positive correlation with OCT4 and NOTCH1 expression in grade III tumors and MKN‐45 spheres. Protein–protein network revealed that the EMT acquisition can be induced by stemness activation through intermediated core‐regulatory genes, including CTNNB1, CTNND1, MAML1, KAT2A, and MAML3.ConclusionThe upregulation of mir‐200c‐3p and mir‐520c‐3p could effect on stemness and metastasis in gastric cancer as well as gastric CSCs. Therefore, they can be used as diagnosis and prognostic factors.
Objectively Measured Daily Step Counts and Prevalence of Frailty in 3,616 Older Adults
Authors: Watanabe Daiki , Yoshida Tsukasa , Watanabe Yuya , Yamada Yosuke , Kimura Misaka , Group Kyoto‐Kameoka Study 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVESAlthough previous studies have reported lower mortality and morbidity in people with higher daily step counts, the association between frailty and objectively measured step counts has not been evaluated well. We investigated the association between step counts and prevalence of frailty in community‐dwelling older adults.DESIGNA cross‐sectional study.SETTINGThe Kyoto‐Kameoka study in Japan.PARTICIPANTSWe used data of 3,616 Japanese older adults, aged 65 years or older, with valid daily step count data, obtained by an accelerometer‐based pedometer.MEASUREMENTSThe step count during 4 or more days was objectively obtained by a validated triaxial accelerometer. Participants were classified by quartiles (Qs) based on their step counts. Frailty was defined using the Fried phenotype (FP) model and the Kihon Checklist (KCL). We evaluated the association between prevalence of frailty and step counts using multivariate logistic regression and the restricted cubic spline model.RESULTSMean step counts across low‐to‐high Qs of distribution were 1,759, 2,988, 4,377, and 7,200 steps/day, respectively. The prevalence of frailty, as defined by the FP model and KCL, was 11.3% and 26.8%, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, there was a negative association between the odds ratio (OR) and prevalence of frailty, as defined by the FP model among people with higher step counts (Q1: reference; Q2: OR = 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.56–0.96; Q3: OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.42–0.76; and Q4: OR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.30–0.57; P for trend <.001). The mean step count of the population was 4,081. The OR of frailty for a 1,000‐steps/day increment was 0.74 (95% CI = 0.58–0.91) and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.72–0.97) below 4,000 steps and above 4,000 steps, respectively. In the spline model, this relationship was similar between the FP model and KCL.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that slightly increasing the current step count, as by 1,000 steps/day (about 10 minutes of activity), may potentially prevent frailty. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2310–2318, 2020.
Geriatrics Scholarly Concentration Programs Among U.S. Medical Schools
Authors: Wilson Lindsay A. , Gilliam Meredith A. , Richmond Natalie L. , Mournighan Kimberly J. , Perfect Chelsea R. , Buhr Gwendolen T. 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVESTo identify and describe geriatric scholarly concentration programs (GSCPs) among U.S. medical schools.DESIGNSurvey and interview.SETTINGAllopathic and osteopathic medical schools in the United States.PARTICIPANTS AND METHODSWe used a systematic internet search, forum postings, and word of mouth to identify all U.S. allopathic and osteopathic medical schools with existing GSCPs. GSCP directors completed an online survey. We conducted interviews with key faculty of two representative programs.MEASUREMENTSGSCP size, goals, duration of activity, requirements, funding sources, and student outcomes.RESULTSNine GSCPs were identified, and eight responded to the survey. The number of current medical student participants ranged from 0 to 28, with a mean cohort size of 23. All programs included the following components: formal mentoring, clinical experiences in geriatric medicine beyond the standard medical school curriculum, and research. Half required students to complete an independent research project. GSCPs reported challenges, including low student interest, lack of availability of faculty mentors, and budget constraints; however, student satisfaction was high. Among three programs that reported on the residency matches of their graduates, half matched into a residency with a geriatric subspecialty training option.CONCLUSIONSAmong U.S. medical schools, there are few GSCPs. The GSCP model may help compensate for limited exposure to geriatric competencies in the standard medical school curriculum for a subset of interested students and may increase interest in geriatrics subspecialty training.
Association between maternal socioeconomic factors, decision‐making status, and dental utilization by children with early childhood caries in sub‐urban Nigeria
Authors: Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Alade Micheal , Adeniyi Abiola , El Tantawi Maha , Finlayson Tracy L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo determine the association between maternal education, income, and decision‐making status and the presence of early childhood caries (ECC) and dental‐service utilization among young children.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was based on data from a household survey of 1,549 mother‐preschool‐aged‐child dyads conducted in Ife Central Local Government Area, Nigeria. The explanatory variables were maternal education, income, and decision‐making status (related to healthcare, large household purchases, and visits to family/relatives). Outcome variables were the presence of ECC and the child's history of dental‐service utilization. Poisson regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with outcomes; the models were adjusted for maternal age, child's socioeconomic status, oral hygiene status, and frequency of sugar consumption.ResultsThe study recruited 1,549 mother–child dyads, of which 66 (4.3 percent) children had ECC, and 90 (5.9 percent) children had a history of dental‐service utilization. Fewer than half (42.3 percent) of the mothers earned between N18,001($49.00) and 60,000 ($168.00) per month. Also, 896 (57.8 percent) reported not making any independent decisions, 152 (9.8 percent) made one of three decisions independently, and 313 (20.2 percent) made two or three decisions independently. In the adjusted model, children of mothers with monthly income higher than N60,000 were more likely to have used dental services than were those whose mother's monthly income was less than or equal to N18,000 (adjusted prevalence ratio = 2.29; 95%CI: 1.30–4.02; P = 0.004). No other maternal factor was associated with ECC.ConclusionsAlthough maternal socioeconomic factors and decision‐making abilities were not associated with ECC prevalence, more preschool children whose mothers had high income used dental services.
Patient Aligned Care Team (PACT) Performance in Urban and Rural VHA Primary Care Clinics: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Lampman Michelle A. , Steffensmeier Kenda R. Stewart , Reisinger Heather Schacht , Sarrazin Mary Vaughan , Steffen Melissa J. A. , Solimeo Samantha L. , Stewart Greg L. , Mueller Keith J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeTo assess differences in Patient Aligned Care Team (PACT) performance between rural and urban primary care clinics within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).MethodsAn Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods design was conducted using VHA administrative data to assess performance of a national sample of 891 VHA primary care clinics. Generalized Estimating Equations with repeated measures were used to estimate associations between rurality and process‐oriented endpoints including: chronic disease management through telehealth; use of telephone visits, group visits or secured messaging; same‐day access; continuity with primary care provider; and postdischarge follow‐up. Qualitative data collected during on‐site visits with 5 clinics were used to provide insights into PACT processes from the perspectives of staff in rural and urban clinics.FindingsAfter adjusting for patient‐ and practice‐level characteristics, clinics located in large rural or small/isolated rural areas demonstrated difficulty enhancing access through use of telephone visits, group visits, or secured messaging and completing postdischarge follow‐up calls, compared to urban clinics. Qualitative analysis indicated that staff from both rural and urban clinics reported similar barriers implementing these PACT processes. Both patient and staff behaviors and preferences impact implementation of these processes. Distance to care and access to high‐speed Internet were also reported as barriers.ConclusionsThis study contributes to the understanding of PACT performance in rural settings by highlighting ways contextual and behavioral factors relate to performance. Increasing implementation of patient‐centered medical home (PCMH) models, such as PACT, will require additional attention to the complex relationships between the practice and surrounding context.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of sorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Implications for combination trials
Authors: Díaz‐González Álvaro , Sapena Víctor , Boix Loreto , Brunet Mercè , Torres Ferrán , LLarch Neus , Samper Esther , Millán Olga , Corominas Josep , Iserte Gemma , Sanduzzi‐Zamparelli Marco , da Fonseca Leonardo G. , Darnell Anna , Belmonte Ernest , Forner Alejandro , Ayuso Carmen , Bruix Jordi , Reig María 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsSorafenib and lenvatinib are the first‐line treatments approved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but information is lacking about the relationships between their pharmacokinetics, patients pharmacogenetic profiles, adverse events (AE) and overall survival. We aimed to elucidate these relationships of tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, such as sorafenib, in order to improve the design of trials testing it in combination with checkpoint inhibitors.MethodsWe assessed the pharmacokinetics of sorafenib and its N‐oxide metabolite at day‐0, day‐7, day‐30, day‐60, day‐90, day‐120, day‐150 and day‐180 and nine single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in five genes related to sorafenib metabolism/transport to identify the best point for starting the combination between tyrosine kinases and checkpoint inhibitors.ResultsWe prospectively included 49 patients (96% cirrhotic, 37% hepatitis‐C, 82% Child‐Pugh‐A and 59% BCLC‐C). Pharmacokinetic values peaked at day‐7 and progressively declined until day‐60. In the 16 patients without further dose modifications after day‐60, pharmacokinetic values remained stable through day‐180 (sorafenib P = .90; N‐oxide P = .93). Pharmacokinetic values were higher in patients with early dermatological adverse events and lower in patients with early diarrhoea. Sorafenib and N‐oxide pharmacokinetic values varied linearly with different alleles of MRP2*3972.ConclusionsSorafenib's pharmacokinetics is heterogeneous across HCC patients. This heterogeneity affects adverse events development and must be taken into account in setting the dose and timing of its combination with checkpoint inhibitors.
Nanophase iron carbides in fine‐grained rims in CM2 carbonaceous chondrites: Formation of organic material by Fischer–Tropsch catalysis in the solar nebula
Authors: Brearley Adrian J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTransmission electron microscope studies of fine‐grained rims in three CM2 carbonaceous chondrites, Y‐791198, Murchison, and ALH 81002, have revealed the presence of widespread nanoparticles with a distinctive core–shell structure, invariably associated with carbonaceous material. These nanoparticles vary in size from ~20 nm up to 50 nm in diameter and consist of a core of Fe,Ni carbide surrounded by a continuous layer of polycrystalline magnetite. These magnetite shells are 5–7 nm in thickness irrespective of the diameter of the core Fe,Ni carbide grains. A narrow layer of amorphous carbon a few nanometers in thickness is present separating the carbide core from the magnetite shell in all the nanoparticles observed. The Fe,Ni carbide phases that constitute the core are consistent with both haxonite and cohenite, based on electron diffraction data, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Z‐contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy shows that these core–shell magnetite‐carbide nanoparticles can occur as individual isolated grains, but more commonly occur in clusters of multiple particles. In addition, energy‐filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) images show that in all cases, the nanoparticles are embedded within regions of carbonaceous material or are coated with carbonaceous material. The observed nanostructures of the carbides and their association with carbonaceous material can be interpreted as being indicative of Fischer–Tropsch‐type (FTT) reactions catalyzed by nanophase Fe,Ni metal grains that were carburized during the catalysis reaction. The most likely environment for these FTT reactions appears to be the solar nebula consistent with the high thermal stability of haxonite and cohenite, compared with other carbides and the evidence of localized catalytic graphitization of the carbonaceous material. However, the possibility that such reactions occurred within the CM parent body cannot be excluded, although this scenario seems unlikely, because the kinetics of the reaction would be extremely slow at the temperatures inferred for CM asteroidal parent bodies. In addition, carbides are unlikely to be stable under the oxidizing conditions of alteration experienced by CM chondrites. Instead, it is most probable that the magnetite rims on all the carbide particles are the product of parent body oxidation of Fe,Ni carbides, but this oxidation was incomplete, because of the buildup of an impermeable layer of amorphous carbon at the interface between the magnetite and the carbide phase that arrested the reaction before it went to completion. These observations suggest that although FTT catalysis reactions may not have been the major mechanism of organic material formation within the solar nebula, they nevertheless contributed to the inventory of complex insoluble organic matter that is present in carbonaceous chondrites.
Postpartum sex taboos and child growth in Tanzania: Implications for child care
Authors: Mchome Zaina , Bailey Ajay , Kessy Flora , Darak Shrinivas , Haisma Hinke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe social context and cultural meaning systems shape caregivers' perceptions about child growth and inform their attention to episodes of poor growth. Thus, understanding community members' beliefs about the aetiology of poor child growth is important for effective responses to child malnutrition. We present an analysis of caregivers' narratives on the risks surrounding child growth during postpartum period and highlight how the meanings attached to these risks shape child care practices. We collected data using 19 focus group discussions, 30 in‐depth interviews and five key informant interviews with caregivers of under‐five children in south‐eastern Tanzania. Parental non‐adherence to postpartum sexual abstinence norms was a dominant cultural explanation for poor growth and development in a child, including different forms of malnutrition. In case sexual abstinence is not maintained or when a mother conceives while still lactating, caregivers would wean their infants abruptly and completely to prevent poor growth. Mothers whose babies were growing poorly were often stigmatized for breaking sex taboos by the community and by health care workers. The stigma that mothers face reduced their self‐esteem and deterred them from taking their children to the child health clinics. Traditional rather than biomedical care was often sought to remedy growth problems in children, particularly when violation of sexual abstinence was suspected. When designing culturally sensitive interventions aimed at promoting healthy child growth and effective breastfeeding in the community, it is important to recognize and address people's existing misconceptions about early resumption of sexual intercourse and a new pregnancy during lactation period.
Impacts of the Toba eruption and montane forest expansion on diversification in Sumatran parachuting frogs (Rhacophorus)
Authors: O’Connell Kyle A. , Oaks Jamie R. , Hamidy Amir , Shaney Kyle J. , Kurniawan Nia , Smith Eric N. , Fujita Matthew K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCatastrophic events, such as volcanic eruptions, can have profound impacts on the demographic histories of resident taxa. Due to its presumed effect on biodiversity, the Pleistocene eruption of super‐volcano Toba has received abundant attention. We test the effects of the Toba eruption on the diversification, genetic diversity, and demography of three co‐distributed species of parachuting frogs (Genus Rhacophorus) on Sumatra. We generate target‐capture data (~950 loci and ~440,000 bp) for three species of parachuting frogs and use these data paired with previously generated double digest restriction‐site associated DNA (ddRADseq) data to estimate population structure and genetic diversity, to test for population size changes using demographic modelling, and to estimate the temporal clustering of size change events using a full‐likelihood Bayesian method. We find that populations around Toba exhibit reduced genetic diversity compared with southern populations, and that northern populations exhibit a shift in effective population size around the time of the eruption (~80 kya). However, we infer a stronger signal of expansion in southern populations around ~400 kya, and at least two of the northern populations may have also expanded at this time. Taken together, these findings suggest that the Toba eruption precipitated population declines in northern populations, but that the demographic history of these three species was also strongly impacted by mid‐Pleistocene forest expansion during glacial periods. We propose local rather than regional effects of the Toba eruption, and emphasize the dynamic nature of diversification on the Sunda Shelf.
A nuclear protein NsiA from Epichloë festucae interacts with a MAP kinase MpkB and regulates the expression of genes required for symbiotic infection and hyphal cell fusion
Authors: Tanaka Aiko , Kamiya Shota , Ozaki Yoshino , Kameoka Shinichi , Kayano Yuka , Saikia Sanjay , Akano Fumitake , Uemura Aiko , Takagi Hiroki , Terauchi Ryohei , Maruyama Jun‐ichi , Hammadeh Hamzeh Haj , Fleissner André , Scott Barry , Takemoto Daigo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe endophytic fungus Epichloë festucae systemically colonizes the intercellular spaces of cool‐season grasses to establish a mutualistic symbiosis. Hyphal growth of the endophyte within the host plant is tightly regulated and synchronized with the growth of the host plant. A genetic screen to identify symbiotic genes identified mutant FR405 that had an antagonistic interaction with the host plant. Perennial ryegrass infected with the FR405 mutant were stunted and underwent premature senescence and death. The disrupted gene in FR405 encodes a nuclear‐localized protein, designated as NsiA for nuclear protein for symbiotic infection. Like previously isolated symbiotic mutants the nsiA mutant is defective in hyphal cell fusion. NsiA interacts with Ste12, a C2H2 zinc‐finger transcription factor, and a MAP kinase MpkB. Both are known as essential components for cell fusion in other fungal species. In E. festucae, MpkB, but not Ste12, is essential for cell fusion. Expression of several genes required for cell fusion and symbiosis, including proA/adv‐1, pro41/ham‐6, ham7, ham8, and ham9 were downregulated in the nsiA mutant. However, the NsiA ortholog in Neurospora crassa was not essential for hyphal cell fusion. These results demonstrate that the roles of NsiA and Ste12 orthologs in hyphal cell fusion are distinctive between fungal species.
Prevalence and risk factors of delirium in the intensive care unit: An observational study
Authors: Gravante Francesco , Giannarelli Diana , Pucci Antonello , Gagliardi Anna Maria , Mitello Lucia , Montagna Attilio , Latina Roberto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral risk factors, such as age, alcohol abuse, dementia, and severe illness, can contribute to the development of delirium. However, limited information is available in the literature regarding the risk of delirium among surgical, trauma, neurological, and medical intensive care patients.AimTo describe the prevalence of risk factors associated with delirium in intensive care units.DesignThis study used an observational design.MethodsWe enrolled 165 patients hospitalized in two intensive care units in Italy. Patients were first evaluated using the Prediction of Delirium model and were subsequently evaluated using the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist; evaluation lasted a maximum of 5 days for each admitted patient after sedation. A logistic regression model was used to identify the prevalence and risk factors of delirium.ResultsThe average age of the patients was 57.6 (SD = 18.3) years, and the patients were predominantly male (65.0%). The majority of patients had been subjected to trauma (38.8%); 37.6% had undergone general surgical interventions, and 23.6% had undergone medical interventions. Delirium occurred in 55.8% of the 165 patients. The risk of delirium was independently associated with coma (odds ratio = 10.6; 95% confidence interval, 3.08‐39.9) and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (odds ratio = 4.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.58‐11.53).ConclusionsThis study confirmed that coma and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score were non‐modifiable risk factors for delirium. Further studies could categorize the different types of coma. Proper delirium management could limit the impact on the recovery of these patients, their autonomy, and their reintegration into the social and professional world.Relevance to clinical practiceDelirium increases intensive care unit and hospital length of stay. Early identification and risk factor assessment by critical care nurses are considered the key factors in the treatment of delirium.