bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farming by soil in Europe: status and outlook of cropping systems under different pedoclimatic conditions
Authors: Tóth Gergely , Kismányoky Tamás , Kassai Piroska , Hermann Tamás , Fernandez-Ugalde Oihane , Szabó Brigitta 
Published: May 2020

Background
Despite of the importance of soils in agronomy, to date no comprehensive assessment of cropping in Europe has been performed from the viewpoint of the soil variability and its relationship to cropping patterns. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we studied the cropping patterns in different soils of European climate zones with regards to the shares of their crop types in a comparative manner. The study highlights the main features of farming by soil in Europe. Farming by soil in this context means the consideration of soil characteristics when selecting crop types and cropping patterns.

Methods
We first assessed the dissimilarity between the cropping compositions of different pedoclimatic zones in Europe. Next, we assessed the differences of crop distribution in the climate zones by soil types and main crop types by analyzing the degree of association of crops to soil types. A detailed country scale assessment was performed using crops-specific soil productivity maps and land use survey data from Hungary.

Results
Results suggest that, in general, farmers consciously take pedoclimatic condition of farming into account when selecting their cropping patterns. In other words, farming by soil is a common practice in the different climatic regions of Europe. However, we have strong reasons to believe that soil suitability-based cropping is not practiced to its full potential over the continent. For example, the findings of our European assessment suggest that production areas of legumes are not always optimized for the local pedoclimatic conditions in some zones. These findings also underline that economic drivers are decisive, when farmers adopt their cropping (eg. oil crops on Albeluvsiols in Europe). Win-win situations of economic considerations and soil suitability based management are observed in all pedoclimatic zones of Europe. The country analysis shows that cropping is progressively practiced on more suitable areas, depending also the crop tolerance to variable pedoclimatic conditions In conclusion, we can assume that pedoclimatic conditions of cropping are respected in most of Europe and farmers crops according to edaphic conditions whenever economic considerations do not override the ecological concerns of farming.
Determination of Iron Content in Indigenous Vegetables in South West Nigeria
Authors: Dawodu O. G. , Olanike J. O. , Akanbi R. B. 
Published: May 2020

This study was done to determine the level of iron in selected indigenous vegetables (grown in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria) using colorimetric method. The six indigenous and three common ones selected for the study are; Basella alba (Amunututu), Ocimum gratissium (Efirin), Talinum fruticosum (Gbure), Amaranthus hybridus (Tete adayeba), Amaranthus hybridus (Tete olowojeja), Corchorus olitorius (Ewedu), Telfairia occidentalis (Ugwu), Celosia argentea (Soko) and finally Amaranthus hybridus (Tete). The vegetables were ashed and iron content of the vegetables was determined colorimetrically at 470 nm. The results showed that, amongst the indigenous vegetables the iron concentration ranged from 0.094 to 0.66 ppm with Amaranthus hybridus (Tete adayeba) and the Basella alba (Amunututu) recording the highest and lowest levels respectively. The common vegetables had iron levels ranging from 0.0304 to 0.703 ppm with Amaranthus hybridus (Tete) recording the lowest level and Telfairia occidentalis (Ugwu) recording the highest level respectively. The findings showed that the sampled indigenous vegetables are a good source of iron in diet.
The Rate of Adherence to Antibiotics and Reasons for Non-adherence among the Public
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: May 2020

Aim: Poor adherence to antibiotics is common and related to poorer clinical outcomes such as increasing the bacterial resistance. To explore the rate of adherence to antibiotics and to know the reasons that lead to antibiotic non-adherence among the public.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study include an online questionnaire survey for the participants who were prescribed oral antimicrobial drugs during the last year. The data was collected and analyzed using Excel sheet software and the Descriptive data were presented by frequencies and percentages.
Results: The majority of the respondents stated that they sometimes forget to take their antibiotics. Moreover, 78.3% of them said that sometimes they forget to carry their drugs when they go out. They reported many reasons for noncompliance but the major reasons were “they do not need to continue treatment once the condition improves” followed by “they are too busy in study or work”.
Conclusion: Numerous factors lead to antibiotic noncompliance, but the main reasons were related to the public knowledge and attitude. Therefore, antimicrobial stewardship programs should focus on the patient education to solve the problem of non-compliance.
Mood and Anxiety Disorders among the Public
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Alrawili Abdulrahman S. , Alkhawaja Faisal Z. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Mood disorder is one of the most prevalent and the most disabling disorders that affect humankind health, so it is important to know its symptoms, how it is treated suitably and how it can be assessed. This study aims to assess the mood of the public.
Methodology: This study includes an online questionnaire, the questionnaire questions were prepared using the mood self-assessment of NHS and after that converted to online google form
Results: About 20.8% of the respondents reported that they have been bothered by feeling down, depressed or hopeless in nearly every day. About 59% of them reported that they experienced an anxiety attack.
Conclusion: The results of this study show a high percentage of anxiety and depression among the public. It is important to increase the public awareness about anxiety and depression and how to deal with these disorders.
What will radiation oncology look like in 2050? A look at a changing professional landscape in Europe and beyond
Authors: Baumann Michael , Ebert Nadja , Kurth Ina , Bacchus Carol , Overgaard Jens 
Published: May 2020

The number of newly diagnosed cancers per year is predicted to almost double in the next two decades worldwide, and it remains unclear if and when this alarming trend will level off or even reverse. As such, cancer is very likely to continue to pose a major threat to human health. Radiation oncology is an indispensable pillar of cancer treatment and a well‐developed discipline. Nevertheless, key trends in cancer research and care, including improved primary prevention, early detection, integrated multidisciplinary approaches, personalized strategies at all levels of care, value‐based assessments of healthcare systems, and global health perspectives, will all shape the future of radiation oncology. Broader scientific advances, such as rapid progress in digitization, automation, and in our biological understanding of cancer, as well as the wider societal view of healthcare systems will also influence radiation oncology and how it is practiced. To stimulate a proactive discussion on how to adapt and reshape our discipline, this review provides some predictions on what the role and practice of radiation oncology might look like in 30 years’ time.
A practical method for predicting patient‐specific collision in radiotherapy
Authors: Miao Junjie , Niu Chuanmeng , Liu Zhiqiang , Tian Yuan , Dai Jianrong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeTo develop a practical method for predicting patient‐specific collision during the treatment planning process.Materials and methodBased on geometry information of the accelerator gantry and the location of plan isocenter, the collision‐free space region could be determined. In this study, collision‐free space region was simplified as a cylinder. Radius of cylinder was equal to the distance from isocenter to the collimator cover. The collision‐free space was converted and imported into treatment planning system (TPS) in the form of region of interest (ROI) which was named as ROISS. Collision was viewed and evaluated on the fusion images of patient's CT and ROIs in TPS. If any points of patient's body or couch fell beyond the safety space, collision would occur. This method was implemented in the Pinnacle TPS. The impact of safety margin on accuracy was also discussed. Sixty‐five plans of clinical patients were chosen for the clinical validation.ResultsWhen the angle of couch is zero, the ROISS displays as a series of circles on the cross section of the patient's CT. When the couch angle is not zero, ROISS is a series of ellipses in the transverse view of patient's CT. The ROISS can be generated quickly within five seconds after a single mouse click in TPS. Adding safety margin is an effective measure in preventing collisions from being undetected. Safety margin could increase negative predictive value (NPV) of test cases. Accuracy obtained was 96.3% with the 3 cm safety margin with 100% true positive collision detection.ConclusionThis study provides a reliable, accurate, and fast collision prediction during the treatment planning process. Potential collisions can be discovered and prevented early before delivering. This method can integrate with the current clinical workflow without any additional required resources, and contribute to improvement in the safety and efficiency of the clinic.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Electrospinning: Manufacturing Convergence for Next‐Level Applications
Authors: Patel Kapil D. , Kim Hae‐Won , Knowles Jonathan C. , Poma Alessandro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicro‐ and especially nanofiber‐type of materials are extremely attractive for a number of applications, ranging from separation and analysis to drug delivery and tissue engineering, and the majority of them are currently produced worldwide via the extremely popular and effective electrospinning technique. The addition of specific tailored molecular recognition capability to these electrospun materials via the established molecular imprinting technology can be extremely beneficial for a number of applications, as indicated by the number of examples in the literature over the past 15 years. However, the integration of these two technologies has proven to be quite challenging, mainly due to the different processing methodologies which characterize the two approaches. In this progress report, the practical difficulties related to the combination of electrospinning and molecular imprinting and to the production of molecularly imprinted electrospun fibers are addressed, discussing the main aspects to take into consideration when designing and optimizing the experimental protocols, as well as highlighting the most prolific research applications that have been explored thus far, to conclude with a commercial/industrial and economic perspective on the envisaged market for these hybrid products.
Highly Flexible and Twistable Freestanding Single Crystalline Magnetite Film with Robust Magnetism
Authors: An Feng , Qu Ke , Zhong Gaokuo , Dong Yongqi , Ming Wenjie , Zi Mengfei , Liu Zhijie , Wang Yadong , Qi Biyun , Ding Zhen , Xu Jun , Luo Zhenlin , Gao Xingsen , Xie Shuhong , Gao Peng , Li Jiangyu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMagnetic materials and devices that can be folded and twisted without sacrificing their functional properties are highly desirable for flexible electronic applications in wearable products and implantable systems. In this work, a high‐quality single crystalline freestanding Fe3O4 thin film with strong magnetism has been synthesized by pulsed laser deposition using a water‐dissolvable Sr3Al2O6 sacrificial layer, and the resulting freestanding film, with magnetism confirmed at multiple length scales, is highly flexible with a bending radius as small as 7.18 µm and twist angle as large as 122°, in sharp contrast with bulk magnetite that is quite brittle. When transferred to a polydimethylsiloxane support layer, the Fe3O4 film can be bent with large deformation without affecting its magnetization, demonstrating its robust magnetism. The work thus offers a viable solution for flexible magnetic materials that can be utilized in a range of applications.
Programmable Reversible Shape Transformation of Hydrogels Based on Transient Structural Anisotropy
Authors: Liu Kangkang , Zhang Yue , Cao Heqing , Liu Haonan , Geng Yuhui , Yuan Wenhua , Zhou Jian , Wu Zi Liang , Shan Guorong , Bao Yongzhong , Zhao Qian , Xie Tao , Pan Pengju 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStimuli‐responsive shape‐transforming hydrogels have shown great potential toward various engineering applications including soft robotics and microfluidics. Despite significant progress in designing hydrogels with ever more sophisticated shape‐morphing behaviors, an ultimate goal yet to be fulfilled is programmable reversible shape transformation. It is reported here that transient structural anisotropy can be programmed into copolymer hydrogels of N‐isopropylacrylamide and stearyl acrylate. Structural anisotropy arises from the deformed hydrophobic domains of the stearyl groups after thermomechanical programming, which serves as a template for the reversible globule‐to‐coil transition of the poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) chains. The structural anisotropy is transient and can be erased upon cooling. This allows repeated programming for reversible shape transformation, an unknown feature for the current hydrogels. The programmable reversible transformation is expected to greatly extend the technical scope for hydrogel‐based devices.
Mechanically Asymmetrical Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self‐Powered Monitoring of In Vivo Microscale Weak Movement
Authors: Cheng Bolang , Ma Jianxiu , Li Gaoda , Bai Suo , Xu Qi , Cui Xin , Cheng Li , Qin Yong , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough much effort has been put in the studies of weak in vivo microscale movements due to its importance, the real‐time, long‐time, and accurate monitoring is still a great challenge because of the complexity of the in vivo environment. Here, a new type of mechanically asymmetrical triboelectric nanogenerator with ultrashort working distance and high anti‐interference ability is developed to accurately and real‐timely monitor the microscopically weak movement of intestinal motility at low frequencies even around 0.3 Hz. The intestinal status after the glucose absorption, and physiological states in different times also have been monitored successfully in the complex in vivo environment with many kinds of interference and noises. This work gives a new self‐powered, long‐time and in vivo technical way for the real‐timely gastrointestinal motility monitoring, and contributes to the detection of every kind of gentle movements in various complex bio‐systems.
Expanding the phenotype of biallelic RNPC3 variants associated with growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Verberne Eline A. , Faries Sonja , Mannens Marcel M. A. M. , Postma Alex V. , van Haelst Mieke M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPathogenic variants in components of the minor spliceosome have been associated with several human diseases. Recently, it was reported that biallelic RNPC3 variants lead to severe isolated growth hormone deficiency and pituitary hypoplasia. The RNPC3 gene codes for the U11/U12‐65K protein, a component of the minor spliceosome. The minor spliceosome plays a role in the splicing of minor (U12‐type) introns, which are present in ~700–800 genes in humans and represent about 0.35% of all introns. Here, we report a second family with biallelic RNPC3 variants in three siblings with a growth hormone deficiency, central congenital hypothyroidism, congenital cataract, developmental delay/intellectual deficiency and delayed puberty. These cases further confirm the association between biallelic RNPC3 variants and severe postnatal growth retardation due to growth hormone deficiency. Furthermore, these cases show that the phenotype of this minor spliceosome‐related disease might be broader than previously described.
Solid‐State Electrolyte Materials for Sodium Batteries: Towards Practical Applications
Authors: Ma Qianli , Tietz Frank 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe huge demand for delocalized energy storage due to the application of fluctuating energy sources leads to a need for low‐cost devices available on a large scale and with high energy density. Solid‐state sodium batteries (SSNBs) show great potential in this field and have recently attracted extensive interest. Several review‐type publications have already discussed fundamental materials properties and more academic aspects related to ionic transport and charge transfer. In contrast, the current Review uses state‐of‐the‐art 18650 Li‐ion batteries as a benchmark and evaluates solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) and corresponding SSNBs in terms of their practical applicability and development status. This Review summarizes recent progress based on key properties of various SSEs, such as ionic conductivities, chemical stabilities, mechanical properties, interface compatibilities with sodium metal, and compares the published SSNBs in detail with respect to galvanostatic cycling and full cell performance. It provides insights and perspectives with respect to SSEs for SSNBs and indicates the direction of future developments for the practical application of SSNBs.
Selective Release of Doxorubicin from Cucurbit[8]uril Stabilized Gold Supra‐Pyramid Host at pH of Small Intestine
Authors: Saini Meenaxi , Ghosh Souvik , Kumar Viney , Roy Partha , Sadhu Kalyan K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGold supra‐pyramid structures were obtained by the addition of acidic solution of cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) to an aqueous solution of citrate stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNP). The reaction resulted in the precipitation of supra‐pyramid from the solution after just 1 min of shaking. Microscopic images confirmed formation of the supra‐pyramid. The stepwise structural transformation towards the supra‐pyramid was examined with variable concentrations of CB[8] to AuNP solution. Anionic counter parts of these acids (Br−, NO3−, SO42−and Cl−) controlled the size of the synthesized supra‐pyramids. These supra‐pyramid hosts showed uptake of three anticancer drugs: oral drugs etoposide, prednisolone and intravenous drug doxorubicin. Releases of drugs from these hosts were emulated at acidic stomach pH, basic small intestinal pH and in the presence of human serum albumin (HSA). The specific release of doxorubicin was confirmed at small intestinal pH 7.4. Poor release of drugs in presence of CB[8] specific guest 1‐adamantanamine confirmed the role of the supra‐pyramid as the exclusive host. The release of doxorubicin from the supra‐pyramid at pH 7.4 was confirmed by fluorescence microscopic imaging with prostate cancer DU‐145 cell line.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of NewN‐Alkylammonium and Carbonate‐Triazole Derivatives within Desosamine of 14‐ and 15‐Membered Lactone Macrolides
Authors: Janas Anna , Pecyna Paulina , Gajecka Marzena , Bartl Franz , Przybylski Piotr 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDesosamines of azithromycin (AZM) and clarithromycin (CLA) were modified byN‐alkylation or nucleophilic substitution at the carbonyl/CuAAC sequence. Biological studies revealed a higher antibacterial potency of quaternaryN‐alkylammonium bromides of CLA as compared to AZM. SAR studies of CLA salts, including biological, conformation and molecular‐docking analysis, enriched by physicochemical parameters, showed the importance of less bulky and unsaturated substituent for an efficient docking mode at the ribosomal tunnel and good antibacterial potency against clinical and standardStreptococcus pneumoniaeandStreptococcus pyogenesstrains (MICs 0.25 or 0.5 μg/mL). These CLA salts also have an at least threefold lower cytotoxicity than reference antibiotics at comparable antibacterial activity against theS. pneumoniaeclinical strain. Differences in antibacterial effects noted for AZM and CLA salts bearing less bulkyN‐substituents can be better understood when their binding modes in the ribosomal tunnel are considered rather than their common low lipophilicity and excellent water solubility.
Outcomes after progression of disease with anti–PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy for patients with advanced melanoma
Authors: Patrinely James R. , Baker Laura X. , Davis Elizabeth J. , Song Haocan , Ye Fei , Johnson Douglas B. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundGreater than one‐half of patients with melanoma who are treated with antibodies blocking programmed cell death protein 1 receptor (anti–PD‐1) experience disease progression. The objective of the current study was to identify prognostic factors and outcomes in patients with metastatic melanoma that progressed while they were receiving anti–PD‐1 therapy.MethodsThe authors evaluated 383 consecutively treated patients who received anti–PD‐1 for advanced melanoma between 2009 and 2019. Patient and disease characteristics at baseline and at the time of progression, subsequent therapies, objective response rate (ORR), overall survival, and progression‐free survival were assessed.ResultsOf 383 patients, 247 experienced disease progression. The median survival after progression was 6.8 months. There was no difference in survival noted after disease progression based on primary tumor subtype, receipt of prior therapy, or therapy type. However, significantly improved survival after disease progression correlated with clinical features at the time of progression, including normal lactate dehydrogenase, more favorable metastatic stage (American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition stage IV M1a vs M1b, M1c, or M1d), mutation status (NRAS or treatment‐naive BRAF V600 vs BRAF/NRAS wild‐type or treatment‐experienced BRAF‐mutant), decreasing tumor bulk, and progression at solely existing lesions. After progression, approximately 54.3% of patients received additional systemic therapy. A total of 41 patients received BRAF/MEK inhibition (ORR of 58.6%, including 70.4% for BRAF/MEK‐naive patients), 30 patients received ipilimumab (ORR of 0%), and 11 patients received ipilimumab plus nivolumab (ORR of 27.3%).ConclusionsThe current study identified prognostic factors in advanced melanoma for patients who experienced disease progression while receiving anti–PD‐1, including lactate dehydrogenase, stage of disease, site of disease progression, tumor size, and mutation status.
Biomechanical behaviour of temporomandibular joints during opening and closing of the mouth: A 3D finite element analysis
Authors: Shu Jingheng , Ma Hedi , Jia Lirong , Fang Hongyang , Chong Desmond Y.R. , Zheng Tinghui , Yao Jie , Liu Zhan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTemporomandibular joints (TMJs) constitute a pair of joints that connect the jawbone to the skull. TMJs are bilateral joints which work as one unit in conducting daily functions such as speaking, mastication, and other activities associated with the movement of the jaw. Issues associated with the TMJs may arise due to various factors—one such factor being the internal load on the TMJ. These issues may contribute to temporomandibular disorders (TMD). This study aims to evaluate the mandibular trajectories and the associated stress changes during the process of opening the mouth on the TMJs of an asymptomatic subject. The mouth opening motion was recorded by a motion capturing system using models of the mandible and maxilla constructed based on the computed tomography (CT). Two discs constructed based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Finite element analysis was performed on the relative motion of the mandible to the maxilla and validated. The process modelled by these displacements provided less than 10% error in terms of deformation. The simulation results indicate that the lateral intermediate zone—the head and neck of the mandible—and the articular eminence sustained the most significant stresses during the mouth opening motion. The results also suggested that the stresses increase as the range of opening increases with the greatest von Mises stress, tensile, and compressive stress found at the position of maximal opening.