bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The macroevolutionary landscape of short-necked plesiosaurians
Authors: Fischer Valentin , MacLaren Jamie A. , Soul Laura C. , Bennion Rebecca F. , Druckenmiller Patrick S. , Benson Roger B. J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThroughout their evolution, tetrapods have repeatedly colonised a series of ecological niches in marine ecosystems, producing textbook examples of convergent evolution. However, this evolutionary phenomenon has typically been assessed qualitatively and in broad-brush frameworks that imply simplistic macroevolutionary landscapes. We establish a protocol to visualize the density of trait space occupancy and thoroughly test for the existence of macroevolutionary landscapes. We apply this protocol to a new phenotypic dataset describing the morphology of short-necked plesiosaurians, a major component of the Mesozoic marine food webs (ca. 201 to 66 Mya). Plesiosaurians evolved this body plan multiple times during their 135-million-year history, making them an ideal test case for the existence of macroevolutionary landscapes. We find ample evidence for a bimodal craniodental macroevolutionary landscape separating latirostrines from longirostrine taxa, providing the first phylogenetically-explicit quantitative assessment of trophic diversity in extinct marine reptiles. This bimodal pattern was established as early as the Middle Jurassic and was maintained in evolutionary patterns of short-necked plesiosaurians until a Late Cretaceous (Turonian) collapse to a unimodal landscape comprising longirostrine forms with novel morphologies. This study highlights the potential of severe environmental perturbations to profoundly alter the macroevolutionary dynamics of animals occupying the top of food chains.
Co-detection of Bordetella pertussis and other respiratory organisms in children hospitalised with lower respiratory tract infection
Authors: Muloiwa Rudzani , Dube Felix S. , Nicol Mark P. , Hussey Gregory D. , Zar Heather J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMultiple potential pathogens are frequently co-detected among children with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Evidence indicates that Bordetella pertussis has an important role in the aetiology of LRTI. We aimed to study the association between B. pertussis and other respiratory pathogens in children hospitalised with severe LRTI, and to assess clinical relevance of co-detection. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and induced sputa (IS) were tested with a B. pertussis specific PCR; additionally, IS was tested for other pathogens using a multiplex PCR. We included 454 children, median age 8 months (IQR 4–18), 31 (7%) of whom tested positive for B. pertussis. Children with B. pertussis had more bacterial pathogens detected (3 versus 2; P < 0.001). While B. pertussis showed no association with most pathogens, it was independently associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and parainfluenza viruses with adjusted risk ratios of 4.01 (1.03–15.64), 4.17 (1.42–12.27) and 2.13 (1.03–4.55), respectively. There was a consistent increased risk of severe disease with B. pertussis. Patterns indicated even higher risks when B. pertussis was co-detected with any of the three organisms although not statistically significant. Improving vaccine coverage against B. pertussis would impact not only the incidence of pertussis but also that of severe LRTI generally.
Time-scale dependence of solar wind-based regression models of ionospheric electrodynamics
Authors: Laundal Karl M. , Reistad Jone P. , Hatch Spencer M. , Moretto Therese , Ohma Anders , Østgaard Nikolai , Tenfjord Paul A. R. , Finlay Christopher C. , Kloss Clemens 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe solar wind influence on geospace can be described as the sum of a directly driven component, or dayside reconnection, and an unloading component, associated with the release of magnetic energy via nightside reconnection. The two processes are poorly correlated on short time scales, but exactly equal when averaged over long time windows. Because of this peculiar property, regression models of ionospheric electrodynamics that are based on solar wind data are time scale specific: Models derived from 1 min resolution data will be different from models derived from hourly, daily, or monthly data. We explain and quantify this effect on simple linear regression models of various geomagnetic indices. We also derive a time scale-dependent correction factor that can be used with the Average Magnetic field and Polar current System model. Finally, we show how absolute estimates of the nightside reconnection rate can be calculated from solar wind measurements and geomagnetic indices.
Effect of protein on the thermogenesis performance of natural rubber matrix
Authors: Zhan Yue-Hua , Wei Yan-Chan , Tian Jing-jing , Gao Yuan-Yuan , Luo Ming-Chao , Liao Shuangquan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnder high-speed strain, the thermogenesis performance of natural rubber products is unstable, leading to aging and early failure of the material. The quality of rubber latex and eventually that of the final products depends among others on the protein content. We found that when the protein is almost removed, the heat generated by the vulcanized rubber increases rapidly. After adding soy protein isolate to the secondary purification rubber, the heat generation of the vulcanized rubber is reduced, and the heat generation is the lowest when the added amount is 2.5–3.0 phr, which on account of protein promotes the construction of a vulcanization network and increases the rigidity of the rubber chain, resulting in a decrease in the potential frictional behavior of the rubber chain during the curl up-extension process.
Spatial heterogeneity and factors influencing stunting and severe stunting among under-5 children in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis
Authors: Hailu Bayuh Asmamaw , Bogale Getahun Gebre , Beyene Joseph 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStunting remains a major public health concern in Ethiopia. Government needs to reshape and redesign new interventions to reduce stunting among under-five children. Hence, this study identified the problem according to location and risk factor. This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 9588 children aged 0–59 months were included in the study. The spatial and multilevel logistic regression analyses were used to explore spatial heterogeneity and identify individual- and household-level factors associated with stunting and severe stunting. Spatial heterogeneity of stunting and severe stunting was seen across the study setting. Male children (AOR = 1.51, CI 1.16, 1.96); multiple births (AOR = 27.6, CI 10.73, 71.18); older children (AOR = 1.04, CI 1.01, 1.05) and anemic children (AOR = 3.21, CI 2.3, 4.49) were severely stunted at individual-level factors. Children from educated and malnourished mothers (respectively, AOR = 0.18, CI 0.05, 0.71; AOR = 5.35, CI 3.45, 8.32), and from less wealthier mothers (AOR = 5.95, CI 2.58, 13.69) were severely stunted at household-level factors. Giving priority to the hotspot areas of stunting and older and anemic children, multiple births, and maternal undernutrition is important to reduce stunting. Studies are recommended to fill the gaps of this study.
Bio-heat response of skin tissue based on three-phase-lag model
Authors: Zhang Qiao , Sun Yuxin , Yang Jialing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article, the thermal response of skin tissue is investigated based on three-phase-lag (TPL) model of heat conduction. The governing equation of bio-heat conduction is established by introducing both the TPL model of heat conduction and a modified energy conservation equation. The analytical solution is obtained by adopting the method of separation of variables and a parametric study on temperature responses in TPL model is carried out. It is shown that the TPL model can predict both the diffusion and wave characteristics of bio-heat conduction. Increasing the phase-lag of thermal displacement gradient would result in the rise of thermal propagation speed and decrease the temperature in affected zone. The perfusion rate of arterial blood has no obvious effect on thermal propagation velocity and thermal propagation lagging. Increasing of the rate of blood perfusion contributes to decreasing the temperature of steady state.
Knockdown of CRAD suppresses the growth and promotes the apoptosis of human lung cancer cells via Claudin 4
Authors: Cui Anfang , Xue Yuchan , Wang Xi’ao , Huang Yanhong , Han Xiaolin , Li Xiangling , Niu Delei , Niu Shaorui , Zhao Yujie , Yang Xinyu , Yu Wei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality globally. However, the mechanism underlying NSCLC is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role of cancer-related regulator of actin dynamics (CRAD) in NSCLC. We showed that CRAD was up-regulated in human NSCLC tissues and lung cancer cell lines. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown of CRAD repressed the proliferation and colony growth of A549 and H1299 cells. Apoptosis was enhanced by CRAD silencing in both cells, implicating that CRAD might maintain the survival of lung cancer cells. Microarray and bioinformatic assay revealed that CRAD directly or indirectly regulated diverse genes, including those involved in cell cycle and DNA damage repair. qRT-PCR and Western blot results confirmed the dysregulated genes as shown in microarray analysis. Claudin 4 was up-regulated in CRAD silenced A549 cells. The knockdown of Claudin 4 blocked the effects of CRAD on the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis effectors and enhanced the viability of A549 cells with CRAD down-regulation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CRAD acts as an oncogene in NSCLC at least partly through repressing Claudin 4.
Wide voltage gain range application for full‐bridge LLC resonant converter with narrow switching frequency range
Authors: Wei Yuqi , Luo Quanming , Wang Zhiqing , Mantooth Alan 
Published: October 2020

In wide voltage range applications, traditional LLC converters suffer from the following issues: (i) to cover a wide voltage gain operating range, the required switching frequency range is also large, which challenges the design and optimisation of magnetic components, gate driver circuitry, and electro‐magnetic interference filter; (ii) a small magnetising inductance is preferred in wide voltage gain range application, which leads to the increase of circuit circulating current and corresponding conduction loss; (iii) passive elements are determined based on the minimum switching frequency, so bulky passive elements are required to satisfy the required operation range. To solve these problems, in this study, a full‐bridge LLC (FBLLC) resonant converter with two operation modes, namely full‐bridge operation and frequency doubler operation, is proposed for wide voltage gain range application. The FBLLC converter discussed in this study can be designed in half of the input voltage range when compared with the conventional method, so smaller switching frequency operating range and higher efficiency operation are guaranteed. In addition, the smooth mode transition is achieved by introducing switching frequency feedforward control and small output voltage overshoot or undershoot is observed. A 150 W experimental prototype was built to validate the theoretical analysis.
Dust trapping around Lagrangian points in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Montesinos Matías , Garrido-Deutelmoser Juan , Olofsson Johan , Giuppone Cristian A. , Cuadra Jorge , Bayo Amelia , Sucerquia Mario , Cuello Nicolás 
Published: October 2020

Aims.Trojans are defined as objects that share the orbit of a planet at the stable Lagrangian pointsL4andL5. In the Solar System, these bodies show a broad size distribution ranging from micrometer (μm) to centimeter (cm) particles (Trojan dust) and up to kilometer (km) rocks (Trojan asteroids). It has also been theorized that earth-like Trojans may be formed in extra-solar systems. The Trojan formation mechanism is still under debate, especially theories involving the effects of dissipative forces from a viscous gaseous environment.Methods.We perform hydro-simulations to follow the evolution of a protoplanetary disk with an embedded 1–10 Jupiter-mass planet. On top of the gaseous disk, we set a distribution ofμm–cm dust particles interacting with the gas. This allows us to follow dust dynamics as solids get trapped around the Lagrangian points of the planet.Results.We show that large vortices generated at the Lagrangian points are responsible for dust accumulation, where the leading Lagrangian pointL4traps a larger amount of submillimeter (submm) particles than the trailingL5, which traps mostly mm–cm particles. However, the total bulk mass, with typical values of ~Mmoon, is more significant inL5than inL4, in contrast to what is observed in the current Solar System a few gigayears later. Furthermore, the migration of the planet does not seem to affect the reported asymmetry betweenL4andL5.Conclusions.The main initial mass reservoir for Trojan dust lies in the same co-orbital path of the planet, while dust migrating from the outer region (due to drag) contributes very little to its final mass, imposing strong mass constraints for the in situ formation scenario of Trojan planets.
The search for galaxy cluster members with deep learning of panchromatic HST imaging and extensive spectroscopy
Authors: Angora G. , Rosati P. , Brescia M. , Mercurio A. , Grillo C. , Caminha G. , Meneghetti M. , Nonino M. , Vanzella E. , Bergamini P. , Biviano A. , Lombardi M. 
Published: October 2020

Context.The next generation of extensive and data-intensive surveys are bound to produce a vast amount of data, which can be efficiently dealt with using machine-learning and deep-learning methods to explore possible correlations within the multi-dimensional parameter space.Aims.We explore the classification capabilities of convolution neural networks (CNNs) to identify galaxy cluster members (CLMs) by usingHubbleSpace Telescope (HST) images of fifteen galaxy clusters at redshift 0.19 ≲ z ≲ 0.60, observed as part of the CLASH andHubbleFrontier Field programmes.Methods.We used extensive spectroscopic information, based on the CLASH-VLT VIMOS programme combined with MUSE observations, to define the knowledge base. We performed various tests to quantify how well CNNs can identify cluster members on ht basis of imaging information only. Furthermore, we investigated the CNN capability to predict source memberships outside the training coverage, in particular, by identifying CLMs at the faint end of the magnitude distributions.Results.We find that the CNNs achieve a purity-completeness rate ≳90%, demonstrating stable behaviour across the luminosity and colour of cluster galaxies, along with a remarkable generalisation capability with respect to cluster redshifts. We concluded that if extensive spectroscopic information is available as a training base, the proposed approach is a valid alternative to catalogue-based methods because it has the advantage of avoiding photometric measurements, which are particularly challenging and time-consuming in crowded cluster cores. As a byproduct, we identified 372 photometric cluster members, with mag(F814) < 25, to complete the sample of 812 spectroscopic members in four galaxy clusters RX J2248-4431, MACS J0416-2403, MACS J1206-0847 and MACS J1149+2223.Conclusions.When this technique is applied to the data that are expected to become available from forthcoming surveys, it will be an efficient tool for a variety of studies requiring CLM selection, such as galaxy number densities, luminosity functions, and lensing mass reconstruction.
Simulated Gastrointestinal Biotransformation of Chlorogenic Acid, Flavonoids, Flavonolignans and Triterpenoid Saponins in Cecropia obtusifolia Leaf Extract
Authors: Rivera-Mondragón Andrés , Peeters Laura , Van Anastasiader Auwera , Breynaert Annelies , Caballero-George Catherina , Pieters Luc , Hermans Nina , Foubert Kenn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is well known that biotransformation processes in the human body are crucial to form potentially bioactive metabolites from particular classes of natural products. However, little research has been conducted concerning the bioavailability of polyphenols, especially in the colon. The gastrointestinal stability and colonic biotransformation of the crude extract of the leaves of Cecropia obtusifolia, rich in flavone C-glycosides, was investigated under in vitro conditions, and the processing and interpretation of results were facilitated by using an automated machine learning model. This investigation revealed that flavone C-glycosides and flavonolignans from C. obtusifolia were stable throughout their passage in the simulated gastrointestinal tract including the colon phase. On the other hand, the colon bacteria extensively metabolized chlorogenic acid, flavonol, and triterpenoid O-glycosides. This investigation revealed that
the colonic microbiota has an important role in the biotransformation of some chemical constituents of this extract.
Identification of TRPV1 Ion Channels Agonists of Tropaeolum tuberosum in Human Skin Keratinocytes
Authors: Ticona Luis Apaza , Sánchez Ángel Rumbero , Estrada Cristina Thiebaut , Palomino Olga M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Tropaeolum tuberosum, commonly known as Mashua, is an herbal remedy used in traditional Andean medicine for the relief of kidney and bladder pain, as well as contusions. This study aimed to evaluate the fractions and isolated compounds from T. tuberosum with analgesic activity mediated by the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor. A bioguided phytochemical analysis based on NMR/MS was performed to identify the compounds of the n-heptane fractions from samples of purple tubers of T. tuberosum. The transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 agonist and antagonist activity were assessed through the measurement of intracellular Ca2+ in HEK001 cells. The chemical structure determination led to the identification of two alkamides: N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosatetraenamide (1) and N-oleoyldopamine (2). Both compounds induced increased intracellular calcium flow with IC50 values of 3.2 nM and 7.9 nM, respectively, thus activating the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor. Our research is the first report to show that these two compounds isolated from T. tuberosum can act as agonists of the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor, providing scientific evidence for the traditional use of this species in pain relief.
Barcelona’s science diplomacy: towards an ecosystem-driven internationalization strategy
Authors: Roig Alexis , Sun-Wang Jia Liang , Manfredi-Sánchez Juan-Luis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUrban innovation ecosystems are set to play a prominent role in the internationalization and governance of big cities. By harboring solid scientific and technological assets and attracting both human and financial capital, they are best suited to become the pivotal actors of effective multi-stakeholder partnerships between the scientific community, public institutions, the private sector and civil society. In 2018, Barcelona’s knowledge and innovation ecosystem came together to launch a comprehensive diplomatic strategy to put the city’s science and technology at the forefront of global challenges. This paper presents the case study of Barcelona and discuss the opportunities for city-led science diplomacy as a formal, institutionalized practice aimed to reinforcing the insertion of local interests in the international scene while favouring the open interaction between the internal stakeholders involved.
Extracellular vesicle-associated VEGF-C promotes lymphangiogenesis and immune cells infiltration in endometriosis
Authors: Li Wan-Ning , Hsiao Kuei-Yang , Wang Chu-An , Chang Ning , Hsu Pei-Ling , Sun Chung-Hsien , Wu Shang-Rung , Wu Meng-Hsing , Tsai Shaw-Jenq 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Endometriosis is a highly prevalent proinflammatory disease without reliable diagnostic biomarkers and cannot be cured by nowadays’ medical treatments. Herein, we identified that extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated VEGF-C, secreted by proinflammatory cytokine-stimulated endometriotic stromal cells, is a critical modulator for endometriosis progression by promoting lymphangiogenesis. Invaded lymphatic vessels may serve as a canal for the infiltration of immune cells, which further enhances the inflammatory status in the endometriotic microenvironment and produces more EV-VEGF-C. The elevated circulating EV-VEGF-C is a sensitive and reliable biomarker for detecting endometriosis. These data advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of endometriosis and suggest VEGF-C can be a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for endometriosis.
Investigation of the frequency dependent spatio-temporal dynamics and controllability of microdischarges in unipolar pulsed plasma electrolytic oxidation
Authors: Hermanns Patrick , Boeddeker Simon , Bracht Vera , Bibinov Nikita , Grundmeier Guido , Awakowicz Peter 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The unipolar pulsed-plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of aluminum has been replaced by bipolar pulsed methods that use a so-called ‘soft-sparking’mode. This method results in an effective reduction of intense microdischarges, which are detrimental to the oxide layer. In a previous publication, we developed an in-situ multivariable microdischarge control scheme using unipolar pulsing. Using this method, it is possible to restrict the mean microdischarge size to well-defined limits, while at the same time influencing the mean microdischarge energy, number density or spectral emission behaviour. This method operates well inside a frequency range of

f
=
1
−
20

k
H
z

. Although this method shows highly desirable plasma control
properties, the mechanisms defining this frequency-dependent controllability are unclear. The aim of this study is to visualize the spatio-temporal behavior of microdischarges in higher frequency ranges.
First, a wavelet transform was performed to estimate the temporal evolution of microdischarge lifetimes. Ceramic coatings were then deposited on aluminum alloy substrates in an aqueous solution using unipolar pulsed galvanostatic PEO. The aluminum samples were coated for 30 min at frequencies of

f

1

=
50

H
z

,

f

2

=
5

k
H
z

and

f

3

=
100

k
H
z

. High-speed imaging was carried out utilizing four synchronized intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) cameras, each with a 500 ns exposure time. At

f

2

=
5

k
H
z

, the microdischarges were still able to follow the electrical pulses. In this regime, the process can be divided into two stages, an initial charging of the substrate surface without plasma emission and a subsequent slower evolution of microdischarges. Equivalent circuit model descriptions are given for both processes. At

f

3

=
100

k
H
z

, microdischarges were not able to follow the pulse frequency, as the lifetimes and risetimes of the microdischarge characteristics were longer than the pulse length. Reignition at the same spatial location, clustering and permanent ignition through pulse periods were observed.