bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illuminating the human virome in health and disease
Authors: Adiliaghdam Fatemeh , Jeffrey Kate L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough the microbiome is established as an important regulator of health and disease, the role of viruses that inhabit asymptomatic humans (collectively, the virome) is less defined. While we are still characterizing what constitutes a healthy or diseased virome, an exciting next step is to move beyond correlations and toward identification of specific viruses and their precise mechanisms of beneficial or harmful immunomodulation. Illuminating this will represent a first step toward developing virome-focused therapies.
Association between trust in the public healthcare system and selecting a surgeon in public hospitals in Israel: a cross-sectional population study
Authors: Niv-Yagoda Adi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The Israeli public health system has seen a steady decline in public trust and confidence, which has resulted in an increased rate of individuals holding private and commercial health insurance policies that allow more choice of various services (especially choose the surgeon’s). This study evaluated the attitudes and beliefs of Israeli adults regarding public trust, equitability and choice within the public health system.

Methods
A cross-sectional telephone survey conducted among a representative random sample of Israeli adults (> 25 years). Participants responded to a 27-item questionnaire. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine the contribution of various socio-demographic variables to the perceptions of trust and equitability in the health system and the ability to choose a surgeon, As well as a possible links among these parameters.

Results
Of 865 adults that responded to the survey, most were women (51.8%), Jewish (68.6%), and married (73.0%). Trust in the public health system, the perception of the system’s equitability and the public’s perception of the importance of selecting a surgeon were inter-related. The results emphasize a possible association between three meaningful factors: the trust in the public health system, the perception of the system’s equitability and the public’s perception regarding the importance of selecting a surgeon.

Conclusions
Public trust in the public health system is a fundamental condition for maintaining an efficient and equitable health system in Israel. The survey suggests that uncertainty regarding the identity of the surgeon who will perform a procedure in a public hospital may be linked to a sense of insecurity and distrust of the public in the public health system. This study did not examine the causal relationship between the various factors, but the study data suggests a possible link between lower trust in the system and a lower perception of its equitability, and a subsequent associated increase in the public’s desire to select a surgeon. This study suggests to recognize public trust as a central and significant tool to strengthen public health system. One of the ways to strengthen the public’s confidence in the public health system could be to provide the patient with reliable information regarding parameters such as the identity of the senior surgeon in the operating room or the surgeon’s suitability for the patient’s medical condition.
Synergistic Effects of Polypropylene and Glass Fiber on Mechanical Properties and Durability of Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Lei Bin , Li Wengui , Liu Huajian , Tang Zhuo , Tam Vivian W. Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo better understand the synergistic effects of combined fibers on mechanical properties and durability of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), different types of fibers with various lengths and mass ratios were adopted in this study. Experimental investigations were conducted to study the 28-day compressive strength and strength loss after exposed to salt-solution freeze–thaw cycles and the coupled action of mechanical loading and salt-solution freeze–thaw cycles. The microstructure was also characterized to evaluate the mechanism of this synergistic effect. To determine the effectiveness of the combined fibers on improving the mechanical properties and durability of RAC, the synergistic coefficient was proposed and applied for various combinations of fibers. The results indicate that the incorporation of fibers slightly decreased the 28-day compressive strength of RAC, but combining different sizes and types of fibers can mitigate this negative effect. Moreover, the incorporation of fibers greatly improves the freeze–thaw resistance of RAC. The combining different fibers exhibited a synergistic effect on the enhancement in properties of RAC, which could not be predicted with only one simplistic rule of fibre mixtures. In addition, microstructural characterization shows that the bonding strength of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the fiber and cement matrix is mainly determined by the chemical bonding force which is due to the hydration reaction between fiber surface and cement matrix.
Controversies in acute multiligamentary knee injuries (MLKI)
Authors: Mosquera Manuel F. , Jaramillo Alejandro , Gil Ricardo , Gonzalez Yessica 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Multiligament injuries of the knee (MLKI), remain an infrequent pathology especially in developed countries compared to mono-ligament lesions. In Colombia, MLKI is frequent due to the high accident rate on motorcycles. In the city of Bogota alone, about 160 motorcycle accidents have been estimated daily, being one of the cities that proportionately use this means of transport less compared to small cities. The term MLKI, include all ruptures of two or more major ligaments and therefore it has a broad spectrum of clinical presentation which creates a great challenge for the orthopedists and the surgeons envolved in this topic. The literature is rich in studies level IV but very poor in level I and level II, which generates controversies and little consensus in the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. However there has been a gradual and better understanding of all factors involved in the treatment of MLKI that has improved the functional results of these knees in our patients, in fact we currently are more precise to achieve accurate diagnosis, evolved from not surgical approach to operate most, applying new anatomical and biomechanical concepts, with specialized and skill surgical techniques with more stable and biocompatible fixation implants, which allow in most cases to initiate an early integral rehabilitation program. Nevertheless due to the complexity and severity of the lesions, in some patients the functional results are poor. The goal of this revision is to identify the most frequent controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of MLKI, defining which of them are agreed according to what is reported in the literature and share some concepts based from the experience of more than 25 years of the senior author (MM) in the management of these injuries.

Level of Evidence
V – Expert Opinion.
Tips and tricks for building a good paper: what editors want
Authors: Karlsson Jon , Reider Bruce , Wojtys Edward M. , Zaffagnini Stefano 
Published: July 2020

AbstractESSKA is constantly committed to promoting the improvement of scientific quality through the publication of books and the organization of dedicated conferences. In line with this commitment, this interview paper was crated with the aim of being useful for all the young scientists and orthopaedics keen in musculoskeletal and sport medicine research. Three Editors from the most important journals in our field were invited to participate: Jon Karlsson from Knee Surgery Sport Traumatology and Arthroscopy, Bruce Reider from The American Journal of Sport Medicine and Edward Wojtys from Sports Health.
A development of reduction scenarios of the short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) for mitigating global warming and environmental problems
Authors: Nakajima Teruyuki , Ohara Toshimasa , Masui Toshihiko , Takemura Toshihiko , Yoshimura Kei , Goto Daisuke , Hanaoka Tatsuya , Itahashi Syuichi , Kurata Gakuji , Kurokawa Jun-ichi , Maki Takashi , Masutomi Yuji , Nakata Makiko , Nitta Tomoko , Seposo Xerxes , Sudo Kengo , Suzuki Chieko , Suzuki Kentaroh , Tsuruta Haruo , Ueda Kayo , Watanabe Shingo , Yu Yong , Yumimoto Keiya , Zhao Shuyun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study presents the results of the ERTDF S-12 project for searching an optimum reduction scenario of the short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) to simultaneously mitigate the global warming and environmental problems. The study utilized REAS emission inventory, Asia-Pacific Integrated Model-Enduse (AIM/Enduse), MIROC6 climate model, NICAM non-hydrostatic atmospheric model, and models for estimating environmental damages to health, agriculture, and flood risks. Results of various scenario search indicate that it is difficult to attain simultaneous reduction of global warming and environmental damages, unless a significant reduction of CO2 is combined with carefully designed SLCP reductions for CH4, SO2, black carbon (BC), NOx, CO, and VOCs. In this scenario design, it is important to take into account the impact of small BC reduction to the surface air temperature and complex atmospheric chemical interactions such as negative feedback between CH4 and NOx reduction. We identified two scenarios, i.e., B2a and B1c scenarios which combine the 2D-scenario with SLCP mitigation measures using End-of-Pipe (EoP) and new mitigation technologies, as promising to simultaneously mitigate the temperature rise by about 0.33 °C by 2050 and air pollution in most of the globe for reducing damages in health, agriculture, and flood risk. In Asia and other heavy air pollution areas, health-care measures have to be enhanced in order to suppress the mortality increase due to high temperature in hot spot areas caused by a significant cut of particulate matter. For this situation, the B1b scenario is better to reduce hot spot areas and high-temperature damage to the public health.
Assessing the effect of giving and receiving written corrective feedback on improving L2 writing accuracy: does giving and receiving feedback have fair mutual benefit?
Authors: Rouhi Afsar , Dibah Minou , Mohebbi Hassan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough the findings of second language (L2) studies conducted to date have provided evidence for the positive effect of written corrective feedback (hereafter feedback) on improving L2 learners’ writing grammatical accuracy, there is no conclusive evidence regarding which kind of feedback is more beneficial for enhancing L2 writing. This study compares the differential effects of giving and receiving unfocused direct feedback on improving Iranian EFL learners’ writing accuracy. To this end, 61 learners of English were randomly assigned to three groups, including a feedback giver group (n = 19), a feedback receiver group (n = 22), and a control group (n = 20). The participating groups took Cambridge English Preliminary Test (PET), completed four translation tasks as the treatment, and took two tests, namely a translation test and a picture description test. The data analysis indicated the effectiveness of the feedback provided by peers. Additionally, further data analysis revealed that the participants in the feedback giver group outperformed the participants in the feedback receiver and the control groups in translation and picture description tests, underscoring the positive effect of giving feedback on learners themselves rather than learners who receive feedback. The findings and potential pedagogical implications of the study are discussed in detail.
A qualitative assessment of barriers and facilitators to implementing recommended infant nutrition practices in Mumbai, India
Authors: Athavale Priyanka , Hoeft Kristin , Dalal Rupal M. , Bondre Ameya P. , Mukherjee Piyasree , Sokal-Gutierrez Karen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Childhood malnutrition has been a longstanding crisis in Mumbai, India. Despite national IYCF (Infant Young Child Feeding) guidelines to promote best practices for infant/toddler feeding, nearly one-third of children under age five are stunted or underweight. To improve child nutrition, interventions should address the cultural, social, and environmental influences on infant feeding practices. This study is an in-depth qualitative assessment of family barriers and facilitators to implementing recommended nutrition practices in two Mumbai slum communities, within the context of an existing nutrition education-based intervention by a local non-governmental non-profit organization.

Methods
The population was purposively sampled to represent a variety of household demographics. Data were collected through 33 in-depth semi-structured interviews with caregivers (mothers and paternal grandmothers) of children age 0–2 years. Transcripts were translated and transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative analysis procedures and software.

Results
A complex set of barriers and facilitators influence mothers’/caregivers’ infant-toddler feeding practices. Most infants were fed complementary foods and non-nutritious processed snacks, counter to IYCF recommendations. Key barriers included: lack of nutrition knowledge and experience, receiving conflicting messages from different sources, limited social support, and poor self-efficacy for maternal decision-making. Key facilitators included: professional nutrition guidance, personal self-efficacy and empowerment, and family support. Interventions to improve child nutrition should address mothers’/caregivers’ key barriers and facilitators to recommended infant-toddler feeding practices.

Conclusions
Nutrition interventions should prioritize standard messaging across healthcare providers, engage all family members, target prevention of early introduction of sugary and non-nutritious processed foods, and strengthen maternal self-efficacy for following IYCF recommended guidelines.
Biofumigation potential of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) to manage Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: Abdallah Ibrahim , Yehia Radwa , Kandil Mohamed Abdel-hady 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn Egypt, Rhizoctonia solani is an economically important fungal pathogen on many crops such as common bean causing serious yield losses. Biofumigation with Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), as a potential alternative to the restricted fumigant methyl bromide, is gaining attention in sustainable vegetable production. In this study, laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the biofumigation effect of B. juncea, used as dry plants, seed meal, seed powder, methanol extract, and fresh plants (at the vegetative and flowering stages), against R. solani. Results showed that hexane defatted seed meal was the most efficient one, followed by the seed powder, fresh plants at the flowering stage then fresh plants at the vegetative stage. The fungal inhibition rate was 61.5, 50.2, 49.9, and 47.7%, respectively. While the dry plants at both flowering and vegetative stage recorded the lowest suppressive effect (44.3 and 39.1%, respectively). The findings open up the possibility of using the B. juncea in managing the root rot fungus, not only as a common green manure but also as a defatted seed meal.
Women in cardiology: critical status and a call to move forward
Authors: Farhan Hasan Ali , Dakhil Zainab Atiyah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Healthcare workforce should mirror the population in representing patients’ diversity; however, in certain medical specialties like cardiology, there is a significant under-representation of females in fellowship programs. There is limited data discussing this issue in the Middle East, and up to our knowledge, no prior literature has cast a light on this subject in Iraq.

Main text
Women represent not a minority but rather a negligible proportion of cardiologists in the Middle East, in general, and in Iraq, in particular, as over two decades, recruiting females in cardiology training never progressed. Women are facing many challenges that explain this gender gap, mainly work–life balance and risk of exposure to radiation in addition to society’s perceptions in the Middle East that underestimate women in interventional specialties.

Conclusions
Serious efforts and forward steps should be taken by decision makers in cardiology fellowship programs and national cardiology societies to bridge this gender gap in order to improve cardiovascular care for both genders regardless of social barriers and traditional customs and to offer more access of care to those female patients who wish to be treated by female doctors based on their personal convictions.
Association between naturally occurring lithium in drinking water and suicide rates: systematic review and meta-analysis of ecological studies
Authors: Memon Anjum , Rogers Imogen , Fitzsimmons Sophie M. D. D. , Carter Ben , Strawbridge Rebecca , Hidalgo-Mazzei Diego , Young Allan H. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe prevalence of mental health conditions and national suicide rates are increasing in many countries. Lithium is widely and effectively used in pharmacological doses for the treatment and prevention of manic/depressive episodes, stabilising mood and reducing the risk of suicide. Since the 1990s, several ecological studies have tested the hypothesis that trace doses of naturally occurring lithium in drinking water may have a protective effect against suicide in the general population.AimsTo synthesise the global evidence on the association between lithium levels in drinking water and suicide mortality rates.MethodThe MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify eligible ecological studies published between 1 January 1946 and 10 September 2018. Standardised regression coefficients for total (i.e. both genders combined), male and female suicide mortality rates were extracted and pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42016041375).ResultsThe literature search identified 415 articles; of these, 15 ecological studies were included in the synthesis. The random-effects meta-analysis showed a consistent protective (or inverse) association between lithium levels/concentration in publicly available drinking water and total (pooled β = −0.27, 95% CI −0.47 to −0.08; P = 0.006, I2 = 83.3%), male (pooled β = −0.26, 95% CI −0.56 to 0.03; P = 0.08, I2 = 91.9%) and female (pooled β = −0.13, 95% CI −0.24 to −0.02; P = 0.03, I2 = 28.5%) suicide mortality rates. A similar protective association was observed in the six studies included in the narrative synthesis, and subgroup meta-analyses based on the higher/lower suicide mortality rates and lithium levels/concentration.ConclusionsThis synthesis of ecological studies, which are subject to the ecological fallacy/bias, supports the hypothesis that there is a protective (or inverse) association between lithium intakes from public drinking water and suicide mortality at the population level. Naturally occurring lithium in drinking water may have the potential to reduce the risk of suicide and may possibly help in mood stabilisation, particularly in populations with relatively high suicide rates and geographical areas with a greater range of lithium concentration in the drinking water. All the available evidence suggests that randomised community trials of lithium supplementation of the water supply might be a means of testing the hypothesis, particularly in communities (or settings) with demonstrated high prevalence of mental health conditions, violent criminal behaviour, chronic substance misuse and risk of suicide.
High Incidence of Early-Onset Colon Cancer in Ethiopia: Clinical and Therapeutic Evaluation With Genetic Mutational Analyses
Authors: Braimoh Grace , Mohmammed Nur Abdulsemed , Sultan Amir , Debes Jose D. 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE Colon cancer has been reported to occur early in certain African regions, but our understanding of the genetic modifications that lead to early disease is incomplete. We aimed to study cases of early colon cancer and the genetic modifications leading to these tumors in Ethiopia. METHODS We evaluated all colon masses detected between 2015 and 2018 at Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Clinical, endoscopic, and pathology descriptions were assessed for all cases in patients age 30 years or younger. Subsets of pathology block tissues were evaluated for genetic modifications via multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. RESULTS We identified a total of 38 cases of colon cancer in patients age 30 years or younger. These represented 13% of all cases of colon cancer in the 3-year period. Median age was 27 years (interquartile range, 27-30 years), and 50% of individuals were female. None of the cases reported a family history of colon cancer or had evidence of inflammatory bowel disease. The most common presenting symptom was rectal bleeding (57%), followed by a change in bowel habit (22%). All samples but one were identified as adenocarcinoma, 78% were confined to the rectum, and 65% had distant metastasis or locally advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Longer duration of symptoms correlated with the presence of metastasis on diagnosis ( P = .035). Surgery (23%) and chemotherapy (15%) were the most frequently used treatments. We performed genetic analysis of biopsy tissue in a subset of 3 individuals: a 21-year-old male showed decreased copies of APC, an increase in K-ras, V600F mutation in BRAF, and a decrease in MSH2 and MLH1; a 21-year-old female showed duplication of exon 4 APC, a decrease in K-ras, and decreased copies of MSH-2; and a 30-year-old female showed decreased copies of APC, decreased copies of K-ras and BRAF, and decreased copies of MSH2 and MLH1. CONCLUSION We report a high incidence of early colon cancer in Ethiopia in patients with no family history or inflammatory bowel disease. Genetic analyses in a subset of patients showed APC and K-ras alterations as well as modifications of the mismatch repair pathway.