bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scattered Representations of Complex Classical Lie Groups
Authors: Dong Chao-Ping , Wong Kayue Daniel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As a continuation of [9], this paper studies scattered representations of $SO(2n+1, {{\mathbb{C}}})$, $Sp(2n, {{\mathbb{C}}})$, and $SO(2n, {{\mathbb{C}}})$. We describe the Zhelobenko parameters of these representations, count their cardinality, and determine their spin-lowest $K$-types. We also disprove a conjecture raised in 2015 asserting that the unitary dual can be obtained via parabolic induction from irreducible unitary representations with nonzero Dirac cohomology.
Pneumonia Following Symptomatic Influenza Infection Among Nicaraguan Children Before and After Introduction of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
Authors: Kubale John , Balmaseda Angel , Sanchez Nery , Lopez Roger , Gresh Lionel , Ojeda Sergio , Harris Eva , Kuan Guillermina , Zelner Jon , Gordon Aubree 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Influenza is associated with primary viral and secondary bacterial pneumonias; however, the dynamics of this relationship in populations with varied levels of pneumococcal vaccination remain unclear. We conducted nested matched case-control studies in 2 prospective cohorts of Nicaraguan children aged 2–14 years: 1 before pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction (2008–2010) and 1 following introduction and near universal adoption (2011–2018). The association between influenza and pneumonia was similar in both cohorts. Participants with influenza (across types/subtypes) had higher odds of developing pneumonia in the month following influenza infection. These findings underscore the importance of considering influenza in interventions to reduce global pneumonia burden.
The role of ATP in the differential ability of Sr2+ to trigger Ca2+ oscillations in mouse and human eggs
Authors: Storey Anna , Elgmati Khalil , Wang Yisu , Knaggs Paul , Swann Karl 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
At fertilization in mice and humans, the activation of the egg is caused by a series of repetitive Ca2+ oscillations which are initiated by phospholipase-C(zeta)ζ that generates inositol-1,4,5-trisphophate (InsP3). Ca2+ oscillations and egg activation can be triggered in mature mouse eggs by incubation in Sr2+ containing medium, but this does not appear to be effective in human eggs. Here, we have investigated the reason for this apparent difference using mouse eggs, and human eggs that failed to fertilize after IVF or ICSI. Mouse eggs incubated in Ca2+-free, Sr2+-containing medium immediately underwent Ca2+ oscillations but human eggs consistently failed to undergo Ca2+ oscillations in the same Sr2+ medium. We tested the InsP3-receptor (IP3R) sensitivity directly by photo-release of caged InsP3 and found that mouse eggs were about 10 times more sensitive to InsP3 than human eggs. There were no major differences in the Ca2+ store content between mouse and human eggs. However, we found that the ATP concentration was consistently higher in mouse compared to human eggs. When ATP levels were lowered in mouse eggs by incubation in pyruvate-free medium, Sr2+ failed to cause Ca2+ oscillations. When pyruvate was added back to these eggs, the ATP levels increased and Ca2+ oscillations were induced. This suggests that ATP modulates the ability of Sr2+ to stimulate IP3R-induced Ca2+ release in eggs. We suggest that human eggs may be unresponsive to Sr2+ medium because they have a lower level of cytosolic ATP.
Alignment, Classification, Clinical Evaluation, and Surgical Treatment for Adult Cervical Deformity: A Complete Guide
Authors: Scheer Justin K , Lau Darryl , Smith Justin S , Lee Sang-Hun , Safaee Michael M , Fury Marissa , Ames Christopher P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Adult cervical deformity management is complex and is a growing field with many recent advancements. The cervical spine functions to maintain the position of the head and plays a pivotal role in influencing subjacent global spinal alignment and pelvic tilt as compensatory changes occur to maintain horizontal gaze. There are various types of cervical deformity and a variety of surgical options available. The major advancements in the management of cervical deformity have only been around for a few years and continue to evolve. Therefore, the goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of cervical alignment parameters, deformity classification, clinical evaluation, and surgical treatment of adult cervical deformity. The information presented here may be used as a guide for proper preoperative evaluation and surgical treatment in the adult cervical deformity patient.
The Impact of Phosphorus on Plant Immunity
Authors: Chan Ching , Liao Ya-Yun , Chiou Tzyy-Jen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is the second most essential macronutrient in terms of limiting plant growth. The genes involved in P acquisition, transport, storage, utilization and respective regulation have been extensively studied. In addition, significant attention has been given to the crosstalk between P and other environmental stresses. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries pertaining to the emerging function of P in plant immunity. The roles of external soil P availability, internal cellular P in plants, P starvation signaling machinery and phosphate transporters in biotic interactions are discussed. We also highlight the impact of several phytohormones on the signaling convergence between cellular P and immune responses. This information may serve as a foundation for dissecting the molecular interaction between nutrient responses and plant immunity.
BnaGVD: A Genomic Variation Database of Rapeseed (Brassica napus)
Authors: Yan Tao , Yao Yao , Wu Dezhi , Jiang Lixi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a typical polyploid crop and one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide. With the rapid progress on high-throughput sequencing technologies and the reduction in sequencing cost, large-scale genomic data of a specific crop have become available. However, raw sequence data are mostly deposited in the sequence read archive of the National Center of Biotechnology Information and the European Nucleotide Archive, which is freely accessible to all researchers. Extensive tools for practical purposes should be developed to efficiently utilize these large raw data. Here, we report a web-based rapeseed genomic variation database (BnaGVD, http://rapeseed.biocloud.net/home) from which genomic variations, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (InDels) across a worldwide collection of rapeseed accessions, can be referred. The current release of the BnaGVD contains 34,591,899 high-quality SNPs and 12,281,923 high-quality InDels and provides search tools to retrieve genomic variations and gene annotations across 1,007 accessions of worldwide rapeseed germplasm. We implement a variety of built-in tools (e.g. BnaGWAS, BnaPCA and BnaStructure) to help users perform in-depth analyses. We recommend this web resource for accelerating studies on the functional genomics and the screening of molecular markers for rapeseed breeding.
Trend of the mortality of major liver diseases and its impact on life expectancy in China from 2006 to 2017
Authors: Zhu Jicun , Wang Peng , Ye Hua , Shi Jianxiang , Wang Xiao , Wang Keyan , Duan Fujiao , Yang Qian , Sun Guiying , Zhang Jianying 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Liver diseases are the serious cause of death in China. We aim to describe the trends and disparities of major liver disease mortality rates and the loss of life expectancy (LLE) in China.

Methods
Annual percentage change (APC) and average APC (AAPC) were calculated using the Joinpoint regression model. LLE was calculated using cause eliminated life table.

Results
From 2006 to 2017, the overall age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of liver cirrhosis lightly declined (AAPC: −2.97%), whereas the ASMR of viral hepatitis and liver cancer remained stable. Viral hepatitis (AAPC: −4.36%) and liver cirrhosis (AAPC: −4.35%) ASMRs both declined for females. The highest ASMRs of viral hepatitis and liver cirrhosis were in the west region, while that of liver cancer was in the middle region. The ASMRs of liver cirrhosis in the middle region and liver cancer in the east region significantly decreased. The means of LLE on viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer were 0.05, 0.1 and 0.46 years, respectively.

Conclusions
The burden of liver diseases is still severe and there are disparities between genders and different regions in China. Accurate early diagnostic approaches for high-risk populations should be established to eliminate the burden of liver diseases.
Mental health problems among youth experiencing sex trafficking
Authors: Fazio Nicole , Lynch Jenna , Devlin Maura , Kameg Brayden 
Published: December 2020

Abstract:
There are an estimated 4.8 million victims of sex trafficking (ST) globally, and 21% of these victims are children or adolescents. Victims of ST are at risk for mental health problems, and it is critical that primary care providers can accurately identify and treat them.
Additive and Synergistic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and HIV Disease Markers' Effects on White Matter Microstructure in Virally Suppressed HIV
Authors: Calon Maëliss , Menon Kritika , Carr Andrew , Henry Roland G. , Rae Caroline D. , Brew Bruce J. , Cysique Lucette A. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
It is unclear whether intermediate to high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and HIV disease status may have additive (ie, independent statistical effects concomitantly tested) or synergistic effects on white matter microstructure and cognition in virally suppressed HIV-infected (HIV+) men relative to sex and age-matched controls.

Setting:
Tertiary health care observational cohort.

Methods:
Eighty-two HIV+ men (mean age 55 ± 6 years, 10%–30% on various CVD drugs; 20% with previous CVD) and 40 HIV-uninfected (HIV−) men (none with previous CVD; 10%–20% on various CVD drugs) underwent diffusion tensor imaging and neuropsychological testing. A standard classification of intermediate to high CVD risk (CVD+ group) was based on the Framingham score ≥15% cutoff and/or a history of CVD. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were quantified in 11 white matter tracts.

Results:
Within the HIV− group, the CVD+ group had lower FA (P = 0.03) and higher MD (P = 0.003) in the corona radiata and higher MD in the corpus callosum (P = 0.02) and superior fasciculi (P = 0.03) than the CVD− group. Within the HIV+ group, the CVD+ group had lower FA in the superior fasciculi (P = 0.04) and higher MD in the uncinate fasciculus (P = 0.04), and lower FA (P = 0.01) and higher MD (P = 0.03) in the fornix than the CVD− group. The fornix alterations were also abnormal compared with the HIV− groups. The HIV+ CVD+ was more likely to have HIV-associated dementia. Older age, antihypertensive use, longer HIV duration, and higher C-reactive protein associated with lower FA and higher MD. Higher blood CD4+ lymphocyte count and CD4/CD8 ratio associated with higher FA and lower MD.

Conclusions:
In virally suppressed HIV, CVD risk factors have a mostly additive contribution to white matter microstructural alterations, leading to a different distribution of injury in HIV− and HIV+ persons with CVD. There was also evidence of a synergistic effect of CVD and HIV factors on the fornix white matter injury.
Gated feedforward inhibition in the frontal cortex releases goal-directed action
Authors: Kim Jae-Hyun , Ma Dong-Hyun , Jung Eunji , Choi Ilsong , Lee Seung-Hee 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCortical circuits process sensory information and generate motor signals in animals performing perceptual tasks. However, it is still unclear how sensory inputs generate motor signals in the cortex to initiate goal-directed action. Here, we identified a visual-to-motor inhibitory circuit in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) that induced action initiation in mice performing visual Go/No-go tasks. Interestingly, higher activity in sensory neurons and faster suppression in motor neurons of the ACC predicted faster reaction times. Notably, optogenetic activation of visual inputs in the ACC evoked strong suppression of neighboring motor neurons by activating fast-spiking sensory neurons and drove task-relevant actions in mice via activating striatal neurons. Finally, the ACC network activity maintained low during spontaneous and perceptual actions and increased during action cancellation in response to the stop signals. Collectively, our data demonstrate that visual salience in the frontal cortex exerts gated feedforward inhibition to release goal-directed actions.
Using publicly available data to conduct rapid assessments of extinction risk
Authors: Levin Michael O. , Meek Jared B. , Boom Brian , Kross Sara M. , Eskew Evan A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe IUCN Red List plays a key role in setting global conservation priorities. Species are added to the Red List through a rigorous assessment process that, while robust, can be quite time-intensive. Here, we test the rapid preliminary assessment of plant species extinction risk using a single Red List metric: Extent of Occurrence (EOO). To do so, we developed REBA (Rapid EOO-Based Assessment), a workflow that harvests and cleans data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), calculates each species’ EOO, and assigns Red List categories based on that metric. We validated REBA results against 1,546 North American plant species already on the Red List and found ~90% overlap between REBA’s rapid classifications and those of full IUCN assessments. Our preliminary workflow can be used to quickly evaluate data deficient Red List species or those in need of reassessment, and can prioritize unevaluated species for a full assessment.
Cholecystokinin-like Peptide Mediates Satiety by Inhibiting Sugar Attraction
Authors: Guo Di , Zhang Yi-Jie , Zhang Su , Li Jian , Guo Chao , Pan Yu-Feng , Liu Chen-Xi , Jia Ya-Long , Li Chen-Yu , Ma Jun-Yu , Nässel Dick R. , Gao Cong-Fen , Wu Shun-Fan 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYFeeding is essential for animal survival and reproduction and is regulated by both internal states and external stimuli. However, little is known about how internal states influence the perception of external sensory cues that regulate feeding behavior. Here, we investigated the neuronal and molecular mechanisms behind nutritional state-mediated regulation of gustatory perception in control of feeding behavior in the brown planthopper andDrosophila. We found that feeding increases the expression of the cholecystokinin-like peptide, sulfakinin (SK), and the activity of a set of SK-expressing neurons. Starvation elevates the transcription of the sugar receptor Gr64f and SK negatively regulates the expression of Gr64f in both insects. This Gr64f regulation is by direct action of SK neurons on Gr64f-expressing neurons of the proboscis and proleg tarsi that co-express the SK receptor CCKLR-17D3. Our findings thus demonstrate how nutritional state induces peptide signaling to modulate sweet perception and thereby feeding behavior.
Fish metabolome from sub-urban lakes of the Paris area (France) and potential influence of noxious metabolites produced by cyanobacteria
Authors: Marie Benjamin , Gallet Alison 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe recent democratization of high-throughput molecular phenotyping allows the rapid expansion of promising untargeted multi-dimensional approaches (e.g.epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, …). Indeed, these emerging omics tools, processed for ecologically relevant species, may present innovative perspectives for environmental assessments, that could provide early warning of eco(toxico)logical impairs. In a previous pilot study (Sotton et al., Chemosphere 2019), we explore by1H NMR the bio-indicative potential of metabolomics analyses on the liver of 2 sentinel fish species (Perca fluviatilisandLepomis gibbosus) collected in 8 water bodies of the peri-urban Paris’ area (France). In the present study, we further investigate on the same samples the great potential of high-throughput UHPLC-HRMS/MS analyses. We show that the LC-MS metabolome remarkably allows clear separation of individuals according to the species, but also according to their respective sampling lakes. Interestingly, similar variations ofPercaandLepomismetabolomes occur locally indicating that site-specific environmental constraints drive the metabolome variations beyond the obvious genetic differences between the two species, and seem to be influenced by the production of noxious metabolites by cyanobacterial blooms in certain lakes. Thus, the development of such reliable environmental metabolomics approaches is constituting an innovative bio-indicative tool for ecological stress assessment, such as toxigenic cyanobacterial blooms, and aim at being further follow up.
Mycobacterial infection-induced miR-206 inhibits protective neutrophil recruitment via the CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling axis
Authors: Wright Kathryn , de Silva Kumudika , Plain Karren M. , Purdie Auriol C. , Blair Tamika A , Duggin Iain G , Britton Warwick J. , Oehlers Stefan H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPathogenic mycobacteria actively dysregulate protective host immune signalling pathways during infection to drive the formation of permissive granuloma microenvironments. Dynamic regulation of host microRNA (miRNA) expression is a conserved feature of mycobacterial infections across host-pathogen pairings. Here we examine the role of miR-206 in the zebrafish model ofMycobacterium marinuminfection, which allows investigation of the early stages of granuloma formation. We find miR-206 is upregulated following infection by pathogenicM. marinumand that antagomir-mediated knockdown of miR-206 is protective against infection. We observed striking upregulation ofcxcl12aandcxcr4bin infected miR-206 knockdown zebrafish embryos and live imaging revealed enhanced recruitment of neutrophils to sites of infection. We used Crispr/Cas9-mediated knockdown ofcxcl12aandcxcr4bexpression and AMD3100 inhibition of Cxcr4 to show that the enhanced neutrophil response and reduced bacterial burden caused by miR-206 knockdown was dependent on the Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signalling axis. Together, our data illustrate a pathway through which pathogenic mycobacteria induce host miR-206 expression to suppress Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signalling and prevent protective neutrophil recruitment to granulomas.Author summaryMycobacterial infections cause significant disease burden to humans and animals, the most widely known example being tuberculosis which has killed more humans than any other infectious disease throughout history. Infectious mycobacteria are highly evolved to hijack host processes, including the very immune cells tasked with destroying them. microRNAs are host molecules that control wide-ranging programs of host gene expression and are important in the immune response to infections. Here we use the zebrafish model of mycobacterial infection to determine the role of the infection-induced microRNA miR-206 in the host response to infection. We found pathogenic mycobacteria trigger the host to produce more miR-206 in order to suppress the otherwise protective recruitment of neutrophils to sites of infection via the host Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signalling pathway. Our study provides new insight into the role of mycobacterial infection-induced miR-206 function in the context of a whole host.
Plastic ingestion in Asian elephants in the forested landscapes of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Katlam Gitanjali , Prasad Soumya , Pande Anant , Ramchiary Nirala 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImpacts of plastic pollution, recognized as a driver of change in the global environment, have been under reported in terrestrial fauna. In this study, we looked at presence of plastic in the diet of Asian elephant and other megaherbivores in the forest habitats of Haridwar and Lansdowne, Uttarakhand state, India. We collected dung and pellet samples from forest edges and forest interiors and quantified plastic particles and other anthropogenic waste present. Each anthropogenic waste item was measured, weighed and sub-categorized into the type of plastic or other categories. Thirty-two percent of the elephant dung samples showed presence of plastic and other waste. Plastic particles comprised of 85% of the waste recovered from the dung with 100% occurrence in elephant dung samples (mean 47.08±12.85 particles per sample). We found twice as many plastic particles (85.27±33.7 per 100g of dung samples) in forest samples as compared to forest edge samples (35.34±11.14 plastic particles/100g of dung samples). Other non-biodegradable anthropogenic waste recovered from elephant dung (glass, metal, rubber bands, clay pottery and tile pieces) was found to be much higher for forest samples (34.79±28.41 items/100g sample) as compared to forest edge samples (9.44±1.91items/100g). This study is the first systematic documentation of occurrence of non-biodegradable waste in the diet of Asian elephants. Dominance of plastic compared to other non-biodegradable material in elephant dung samples highlights its widespread use and poor waste segregation practices. We recommend developing a comprehensive solid waste management strategy to mitigate the threat of plastic pollution around these critical elephant habitats.
Circumventing drug treatment? Polyethylenimine functionalized nanoparticles inherently and selectively kill patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells
Authors: Prabhakar Neeraj , Merisaari Joni , Joncour Vadim Le , Peurla Markus , Karaman Didem Şen , Casals Eudald , Laakkonen Pirjo , Westermarck Jukka , Rosenholm Jessica M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma (GB) is the most frequent malignant tumor originating from the central nervous system. Despite breakthroughs in treatment modalities for other cancer types, GB remains largely irremediable due to its high degree of intratumoral heterogeneity, infiltrative growth, and intrinsic resistance towards multiple treatments. These resistant and aggressive sub-populations of GBs including the glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) can circumvent treatment. GSCs act as a reservoir of cancer-initiating cells; they are a major challenge for successful therapy. We have discovered, as opposed to well-reported anti-cancer drug based therapeutical approach for GB therapy, the role of polyethylenimine (PEI) in inducing selective death of patient-derived GSCs via lysosomal membrane rupturing. Even at very low doses (1 μg/ml), PEI surface-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (PEI-MSNs), without any additional anti-cancer drug, very potently and selectively killed multiple GSC lines. Very importantly, PEI-MSNs did not affect the survival of well-established GB cells, or other type of cancer cells even at 25x higher doses. Remarkably, any sign of predominant cell death pathways such as apoptosis and autophagy was absent. Instead, as a potential explanation for their GSC selective killing function, we demonstrate that the internalized PEI-MSNs accumulated inside the lysosomes, subsequently causing a rupture of the vulnerable lysosomal membranes, exclusively in GSCs. As a further evaluation, we observed blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability of these PEI-MSNsin vitroandin vivo. Taking together the recent indications for the vulnerability of GSCs for lysosomal targeting, and GSC selectivity of the PEI-MSNs described here, the results suggest that PEI-functionalized nanoparticles could have a potential role in the eradication of GSCs.