bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacy Premises Licensing Policy Formulation: Experience from Ghana
Authors: Koduah Augustina , Sekyi-Brown Reginald , Nyoagbe Joseph Kodjo Nsaiah , Danquah Daniel Amaning , Kretchy Irene 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Licence to operate pharmacy premises are issued by statutory regulatory bodies. The Pharmacy Council regulated pharmacy premises until the Health Facilities Regulatory Agency (HeFRA) was mandated by Act 829 (2011) to license pharmacy premises. The Pharmacy Council under Act 857 (2013) now regulates the business of mixing, compounding, preparing, or supplying restricted medicines by retail. Objective: To describe the policy actors involved, framing of narratives and decision-making processes relating to pharmacy premises licensing policy formulation.Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted and data gathered through interviewing eight key informants and reviewing Hansards, reports, Bills, memoranda and Acts 829 and 857. Data were analysed to map decision-making venues, processes, actors and narratives. Results: The Health Institutions and Facilities Bill (2010) and the Health Professional Regulatory Bodies Bill (2010) were designed within the Ministry of Health bureaucratic system and processes with inputs and consensus from all stakeholders including the Private Hospitals and Maternity Homes Board and the Pharmacy Council. Between 28 October 2010 and 20 July 2011, the Health Institutions and Facilities Bill which established HeFRA, was subjected to legislative procedures and decisions by parliamentarians. The parliamentarians framed pharmacies as health facilities and reassigned its regulation to HeFRA. Similarly, the parliamentarians deliberated on the Health Professional Regulatory Bodies Bill which established the Pharmacy Council between 4 March 2011 and 21 December 2012. To which all content relating to licensing pharmacy premises were deleted from the Bill. Conclusion: The content of these policies rested with parliamentarians (with legislative power) and was largely based on how they framed issues relating to pharmacy premises regulation. Legislative procedure limited participations although non-legislative actors had some level of influence on the initial content. As legislative processes may be similar in other LMICs, this paper can contribute to learning and the formulation of Pharmacy premises regulation.
Relative platelet reduction provides a better pathophysiologic signature of coagulopathy in sepsis than absolute platelet count: A large multicenter eICU database analysis
Authors: Kasugai Daisuke , Ozaki Masayuki , Nishida Kazuki , Goto Yukari , Takahashi Kunihiko , Matsui Shigeyuki , Matsuda Naoyuki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn sepsis-associated coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation, the relative platelet reduction may reflect the severity of the coagulopathy. However, there is little evidence to support its clinical significance and most of the coagulopathy criteria in sepsis focus on absolute platelet count. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of the relative platelet reduction and the absolute platelet count on outcomes in sepsis.MethodsMulticenter retrospective observational study was performed using the eICU Collaborative Research Database, which includes 335 intensive care units (ICUs) in the United States. Patients with sepsis and with an ICU stay of longer than 2 days were included. The estimated effect of the relative platelet reduction and the absolute platelet count on mortality and coagulopathy-related complications were evaluated.ResultsOf 30,114 septic patients, 26,193 were included in this study. Multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression analysis revealed marked in-hospital mortality risk with more profound degrees of relative reduction in platelet count between day 1 and day 2, which is independent from the resultant absolute platelet count. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) for in-hospital mortality was 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-1.32); 1.86 (95% CI, 1.75-1.97); 2.99 (95% CI, 2.66-3.36); and 6.05 (95% CI, 4.40 - 8.31) for 20-40%, 40-60%, 60-80%, and more than 80%, respectively, compared to less than 20% decrease in platelet. Interaction for mortality odds between relative platelet reduction and resultant absolute platelet count was not found (p=0.33). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the estimated effects of platelet reduction ≧50% for coagulopathy-related complications were greater than that of platelet counts ≦100,000/μL on day 2 (OR for composite outcome [95%CI], 2.03 [1.68 - 2.45] and 1.18 [1.07 - 1.30], respectively).ConclusionThe magnitude of platelet reduction not only represents mortality risk but also provides a better signature of coagulopathy in sepsis than absolute platelet count, and may, therefore, be more plausible for the criteria of coagulopathy in sepsis.
Governing the UK Contribution to Health Security: in Our National Interest?
Authors: McMullen Emily 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
IntroductionRecent shifts in the UK international development and foreign policy landscape have revealed a broader scope for global health security activity across UK funding and policy priorities. A lack of clarity surrounding the governance architecture for the expanding UK health security community has led to a risk of fragmentation within the health, development and foreign policy communities. The study aimed to explore the contemporary governance capacity around the UK health security community through the accounts of its leaders and decision makers. MethodsA qualitative research study was undertaken in the form of once off, semi-structured, in depth interviews with 12 key informants. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was used to code the data into themes. These coded transcripts and observations were supported by a review of contemporary literature and policy documentation in order to form a narrative of findings and draw conclusions. ResultsUK global health leaders and decision makers considered the governance architecture of the expanding UK health security community to be of insufficient capacity. The need for stronger governance is essential to make a compelling case for the ongoing political commitment and resourcing of the UK contribution to global health security, and its impact on wider UK global health efforts. ConclusionFindings from this study point to three strategic priorities required in order to strengthen the governance around the UK health security community: 1) Consensus needs to be built around a compelling public narrative for the UK contribution to global health security, 2) an effective model of coordination needs to be built for stakeholders active in the domain and, 3) forums for cross sector engagement and regulation must be created in order to find innovative solutions to these problems that extend beyond the boundaries of a single organisation or community.
Vibroloading operators of feller-packaging cars in a mode of transferring of a tree cutting-off device.
Authors: Александров А.В. , Александров В.А. , Гасымов Г.Ш. 
Published: September 2020

Разработана динамическая модель системы: «Оператор – валочно-па­кети­рующая машина – предмет труда – дерево». Математическое описание составлено в форме уравнения Лагранжа 2-го рода. Система уравнений решена относительно упругой деформации подвеса сиденья оператора методом Рунге-Кутта, с помощью среды программирования MathCAD. Апробация модели осуществлена на примере серийно выпускаемых валочно-пакетирующих машин ЛП-19А.
Developed a dynamic model of the system: «Operator - feller-buncher – the subject of work – a tree». Mathematical description is made in the form of the Lagrange equations of the 2nd kind. The system of equations is solved with respect to the elastic deformation of the suspension driver's seat by the Runge-Kutta method, using a programming environment MathCAD. Testing of the model implemented by the example of commercially available feller buncher LP-19A.
The method of using the method of composite indicators, and the method of randomized aggregates for quality evaluation of objects
Authors: Чудовская Л.А. , Галилеев М.М. 
Published: September 2020

В статье представлен сравнительный анализ уровня качества древесно-стружечных плит. Разработана методика построения сводного показателя качества. Моделируя неопределенность выбора весовых коэффициентов из класса допустимых векторов этих коэффициентов заданием гауссовых функций принадлежности, получаем случайный вектор весовых коэффициентов, дающий при подстановке в формулу сводного показателя рандомизированный (случайный) сводный показатель, который характеризует качество объекта с учетом неопределенности задания коэффициентов. Разброс значений рандомизированных сводных показателей будет оцениваться стандартными отклонениями соответствующих случайных величин. Автоматизированная подсистема оценки позволяет выводить результат оценки качества. Для оценивания качества ДСП результаты получены в виде отсортированных таблиц по значениям отдельных и сводных показателей качества ДСП. Привлечение дополнительной информации о сравнительной важности для потребителя отдельных показателей качества ДСП позволяет уточнить результаты анализа, существенно уменьшая разброс в оценке усредненных сводных показателей качества. На примере анализа уровня качества древесно-стружечных плит, отвечающих требованиям соответствующих нормативных документов, при помощи построения рандомизированных сводных показателей, апробирована работа методики, позволяющей проводить оценку качества исследуемых объектов.
The article presents a carried out comparative analysis of a level of quality of the wood-shaving plates. The technique of constructing the composite indicator of quality is shown. Modeling the uncertainty of the choice of weighting coefficients from the class of admissible vectors of these coefficients with assignment of the Gaussian membership functions, we obtain a random vector of weight coefficients, which gives by substituting into the formula rollup randomized (random) a summary indicator that describes the quality of the object with the uncertainty of the job factors. The scatter of the values of randomized aggregates will be measured standard deviations of the respective random variables. Automated evaluation system allows you to display the result of evaluating quality. To estimate the quality of the wood-shaving plates by the results obtained in a sorted table according to the values of individual and composite indicators, quality chipboard. Attracting additional information about the relative importance to consumers of selected indicators of the quality of the wood-shaving plates allows you to refine the results of the analysis, substantially reducing the variation in the estimates of the average aggregated quality indicators. So, analysis of the level of quality of the wood-shaving plates that meets the requirements of the normative documents, with the help of constructing randomized aggregates, tested working methodology, allowing to assess the quality of the inspected objects.
Phosphodiesterases 5 Inhibitors and Erectile Dysfunction Recovery after Pelvic Surgery: Future Perspectives for New Drugs and New Formulations
Authors: Lombardo Riccardo , Tema Giorgia , De Nunzio Cosimo 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5I) represent the first line treatment in the management of
post-operative erectile dysfunction (ED) after pelvic oncological surgery. Aim of our study is to evaluate the available evidence on the efficacy of PDE5Is including new formulations and penile rehabilitation post-pelvic surgery.

Evidence Acquisition:
A systematic review of the literature was performed until May 2020. The following databases were
searched: Scopus, Medline and Web of Science. The MeSH search was conducted by combining the following terms: ‘erectile dysfunction’, ‘radical prostatectomy’ ‘pelvic’ ‘bladder’ ‘phosphodiesterase’ inhibitors’ ‘avanafil’ ‘sildenafil’ ‘tadalafil’
’lodenafil’ ‘mirodenafil’ ‘udenafil’ ‘vardenafil’ ‘sublingual’ ‘orodispersible’ ‘penile’ ‘rehabilitation’. PRISMA guidelines
were followed to select relevant papers (figure 1).

Evidence Synthesis:
Sildenafil, Tadalafil, vardenafil and Avanafil improves EF compared with placebo in men with all levels of ED severity after radical prostatectomy with good tolerability. No specific recommendations can be suggested regarding the superiority of a drug over the other. The optimal dose, continuous vs on demand and duration of treatment is still under investigation. In vitro and preclinical studies suggest a possible role for lodenafil, mirodenafil and oro-dispersible formulations in patients undergoing oncological pelvic surgery. Few studies demonstrated the efficacy of udenafil in improving
ED after rectal surgery or radical prostatectomy. Complete recovery of EF after surgery is still an unmet need in the field of
penile rehabilitation after pelvic surgery.

Conclusion:
PDE5I have a crucial role in the management of post pelvic surgery ED. New drugs and new formulations
have shown excellent results in patients with ED, however data in patients after surgery is still scarce. Further well designed
RCT should clarify the role of these new compounds and oro-dispersible formulations in the management of ED in patients
undergoing pelvic surgery.
Cement Pulmonary Embolism Due to Percutaneous Vertebroplasty
Authors: Zohra Ali , Gonlugur Ugur 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Bone cement is an uncommon cause of foreign-body pulmonary embolism.

Discussion:
A 65-year-old woman with wheeze presented with multiple linear opacities
with bone density on chest x-ray. She reported percutaneous vertebroplasty 4 months prior. Non--
contrast chest computerized tomography showed peripheral cement emboli in the pulmonary arteries.
The patient received conservative treatment.

Conclusion:
Clinicians should be aware of this potential complication following vertebroplasty. It is necessary to perform
a chest x-ray after procedure.
Virtual High Throughput Screening to find Suitable Inhibitors for SARSCoV- 2 Main Protease
Authors: Phukan Upasana , Neog Nakul , Puzari Minakshi , Sharma Mohan , Mahanta Saurov , Chetia Pankaj 
Published: September 2020

Background:
COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus which originated in Wuhan and
quickly spread across various countries has taken the form of a pandemic. It is now a major health
concern worldwide and finding a solution to this problem is of utmost importance. Understanding
its origin, transmission, and interaction with different compounds is essential to find probable inhibitors.

Objective:
The objective of our study was to search for potential inhibitors of the main protease of
SARS-CoV-2 and to assess their drug-like properties.

Methods:
In our study, 1909 ligands were filtered through the Lipinski filter and their ADMET
properties along with mutagenic nature were analyzed. They were screened for inhibitory activity
against the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2 using BIOVIA Discovery studio.

Results:
After virtual high throughput screening, two compounds- apigenin and N-(4-bromophenyl)-
7-hydroxy-2-iminochromene-3-carboxamide were found to have promising binding energies
as well as –CDOCKER energy scores compared to the reported inhibitor.

Conclusion:
Apigenin seems to be a potential candidate against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2
and must be considered for further experiments.
Impact of Periodontal Pocket Depth on the Efficiency of Surgical Treatment of Generalized Periodontitis
Authors: Ilkiv Mariana , Rozhko Mykola , Hereliuk Vitalii 
Published: September 2020

The paper is aimed at increasing the efficiency of surgical treatment by using a combination of platelet-rich fibrin, a synthetic hydroxyapatite Kergap, minimizing the body’s response to operative wound, and improving diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in surgical treatment of stage II-III generalized periodontitis.
The objective of the research was to study the efficiency of using the combination of platelet-rich fibrin, synthetic hydroxyapatite Kergap, magnesium preparation in comprehensive treatment of stage II-III generalized periodontitis at various stages and in different depths of the periodontal pockets.
Materials and Methods. The efficiency of surgical treatment was evaluated using clinical (periodontal pocket depth, attachment level, gingival bleeding, tooth mobility) and laboratory methods (X-ray, computed tomography) 3, 6, and 12 months after surgical treatment.
Results. The clinical picture was characterized by positive changes in all clinical indicators 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. The best results by clinical and laboratory findings were obtained in case of an average pocket depth of 5-7 mm.
Conclusions. There was demonstrated a high clinical efficiency of using the combination of platelet-rich fibrin, synthetic hydroxyapatite Kergap and magnesium preparation in comprehensive treatment of stage II-III generalized periodontitis.
Robotic System for Maintenance of Feed Table for Livestock Complexes
Authors: Pavkin D. Yu. , Nikitin E. A. , Zobov V. A. 
Published: September 2020

Assessing the robotization level of technological processes in livestock complexes based on the breeding, authors found that the most free niche of robotization of technological processes in livestock complexes is the feeding process, which forms 55 percent of milk productivity. There is a need to develop a wheeled robotic platform that will ensure the availability of the feed mixture along the feeding front. This platform will multi-stage saturate the bulky components of the feed mixture with concentrated ones, increasing their attractiveness to animals, while normalizing the balance of dry matter consumed and fiber obtained from bulky feeds.(Research purpose) To simulate the control system of a robotic platform with an independent electro- motorized drive.(Materials and methods) The article presents technologies for organizing animal feeding processes on the farm, conducted a technological assessment of the effectiveness of automated and robotic machines used on the farm. Authors used the Matlab/Simulink simulation environment in the research process.(Results and discussion) The article presents a developed mathematical model describing the kinematics and dynamics of the platform movement. Authors formed the assumed element base into a general model of the robot in an artificial Matlab/Simulink environment, simulating the process of moving around a circle.(Conclusions) The created mathematical model forms the basis for creating a control system for the robot under development. The device for dosing feed additives will ensure the balance of dry matter and fiber consumed.
Matching the Traction Qualities of Agricultural Mobile Power Vehicles with the Permissible Maximum Pressure on the Soil
Authors: Lavrov A. V. , Shevtsov V. G. , Rusanov A. V. , Kazakova V. A. 
Published: September 2020

Modern highly mechanized agricultural production is characterized by the incompatibility of simultaneous matching of the maximum pressure of agricultural mobile equipment movers on the soil and the possibility of increasing the tractors energy saturation when equipping them with existing wheel engines.(Research purpose)To coordinate the maximum pressure on the soil with the permissible norms, weight utilization factors and the level of tractors energy saturation.(Materials and methods)The authors used a calculated method for determining the maximum pressure on the soil using a universal tire characteristic.(Results and discussion)The authors found that when performing spring works on closing moisture and sowing row crops at a maximum pressure of 80 kilopascals, corresponding to all types of soil, the most mass universal row tractor Belarus 1020 had a maximum pressure of 150 kilopascals, which was 70 kilopascals higher than the permissible one for the corresponding crop shortage. They found that replacing ordinary tires with agrophilic tires could increase the area of the contact spot by 16 percent, while reducing the coefficient of unevenness and increasing the coefficient of use of the adhesion weight. The main condition for replacing ordinary tires with agrophilic tires was to keep the traction force unchanged.(Conclusions)Summarizing the results of the research as agrophilic direction, ensuring the compliance impacts on soil and positively solving the problems of saturation, it is possible to recommend the development of navigation systems in achieving utilization hitch weight equal to 0.5 (low tire pressure), equal to 0.6 (rubber joint with torsion bar suspension) and 0.7 (rubber track). It was found that the conducted research, taking into account the available data on traction tests of the T-250 tractor, would allow to include an agrophilic concept with a hypothetical dependence of the adhesion weight use factor on the longitudinal unevenness coefficient in the revised State Standard 27021-86 “Agricultural and forestry Tractors. Traction classes”.
MERCADO INTERNACIONAL DA SOJA: MODELANDO OS EFEITOS DOS CUSTOS DAS TRANSAÇÕES E DAS BARREIRAS COMERCIAIS
Authors: Caetani Maria Inês , Alvim Augusto Mussi 
Published: September 2020

Este estudo analisa os impactos dos custos das transações e das barreiras comerciais no mercado internacional da soja. Para atingir tal objetivo, utiliza-se um modelo de equilíbrio parcial formulado como um Problema de Complementaridade Mista (PCM) o qual permite a construção de cenários alternativos. São definidos três cenários: no primeiro eliminam-se os custos das transações comerciais; no segundo, retiram-se as barreiras tarifárias e os subsídios; e no terceiro é simulado um choque de demanda de 20%. Os resultados mostram que a eliminação dos custos das transações comerciais resulta em um aumento na produção de soja no Brasil, na Argentina e na China e um maior consumo nos Estados Unidos e na UE. No cenário de livre comércio observa-se que as mudanças em termos de produção e consumo são reduzidas, o que reflete as características das políticas adotadas pelos principais países produtores e consumidores. A simulação do choque de demanda, definido com base nas expectativas de incremento no consumo de farelo, óleo e biodiesel, mostra que o Brasil é o único país exportador que apresenta um maior incremento no consumo do que na produção, refletindo em uma menor participação no comércio mundial de soja.
Penerapan Teorema Probabilitas Total dalam Analisis Resiko Gempa
Authors: Wahyono M. , Nurdin S. , Bedu A. , Eko W.N. , Sari R.N. 
Published: September 2020

Total probabilistic theorem was applied to analyze seismic risk by mean Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA). Earthquake as natural earthquakes as a random natural event was approached by the concept of uncertainty. The PSHA method is described in 5 (five) stages of work, called identificating the source of the earthquake, characterizing the earthquake source, characterizing the seismicity, determinating the movement of soil surface occurring at a location due to the earthquake, the combining the uncertainty of the location of the earthquake, magnitude of the earthquake and prediction of soil surface movement parameters. Ez-Frisk computer Program was used to perform earthquake risk calculation. Earthquake risk analysis for the city of Bontang, East Kalimantan taken as a case study. Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) in Bontang base rocks for some periodic of time presented in chart form as result of earthquake risk analysis.