bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regenerating Hair in Prevascularized Tissue Space Formed by a Controllable Foreign Body Reaction
Authors: Yang Lunan , Miao Yong , Liu Yuqing , Chen Shiyi , Chen Yuxin , Liu Weiwen , Wang Jin , Zhong Wen , Wang Quan , Hu Zhiqi , Xing Malcolm 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntracutaneous transplantation of trichogenic cells is a currently endorsed strategy to realize hair regeneration in vivo. However, skin is not the most advantageous transplant site due to the robust mechanical property and deficient physiological perfusion. Herein, a subcutaneous space made of prevascularized collagen fibers (PVCF) generated by controlling the duration of in situ foreign body reaction is reported. In contrast to skin, an optimally preprogrammed PVCF presents a larger tissue volume (171 mm3), low Young's modulus (1/2‐fold), high flexibility high mechanical energy dissipation rate (1.3‐fold), highly permeable surface structure, and plentiful vascular network. Remarkably, cells transplanted into PVCF suffer less apoptosis and necrosis, and generate more mature hairs (≈289 per site) than that in intracutaneous transplantation (≈177 per site). The RNA‐sequencing profiling indicates similar trends under molecular level. This work provides a promising strategy to improve graft site microenvironment physiologically and mechanically, with a low‐cost and simple fabrication process.
Amphiphilic Polyelectrolyte Graft Copolymers Enhance the Activity of Cyclic Dinucleotide STING Agonists
Authors: Nguyen Dinh Chuong , Shae Daniel , Pagendarm Hayden M. , Becker Kyle W. , Wehbe Mohamed , Kilchrist Kameron V. , Pastora Lucinda E. , Palmer Christian R. , Seber Pedro , Christov Plamen P. , Duvall Craig L. , Wilson John T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCyclic dinucleotide (CDN) agonists of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) hold great therapeutic potential, but their activity is hindered by poor drug‐like properties that restrict cytosolic bioavailability. Here, this challenge is addressed through the synthesis and evaluation of a novel series of PEGMA‐co‐DEAEMA‐co‐BMA copolymers with pH‐responsive, membrane‐destabilizing activity to enhance intracellular delivery of the CDN, cGAMP. Copolymers are synthesized with PEGMA of two different molecular weights (300 and 950 Da) and over a range of PEG mass fraction and polymer molecular weight, and relationships between copolymer structure, self‐assembly, endosomal escape, and cGAMP activity are elucidated. A subset of polymers that self‐assembled into 50–800 nm nanoparticles is identified, which can be loaded with cGAMP via a simple mixing strategy, resulting in significantly enhanced immunostimulatory activity. Increased cGAMP activity is found to be highly correlated with the capacity of carriers to enhance intracellular CDN uptake and to promote endosomal destabilization, findings that establish efficient cytosolic delivery as a criterion for CDN carriers. Additionally, it is demonstrated that a lead CDN carrier formulation can enhance STING activation in vivo in a model of intratumoral immunotherapy. Collectively, these investigations demonstrate the utility of PEGMA‐co‐DEAEMA‐co‐BMA copolymers as carriers for CDNs and potentially other cytosolically‐acting drug cargo.
Selective Area Growth and Transfer of High Optical Quality MoS2 Layers
Authors: Mohapatra Pranab K. , Ranganathan Kamalakannan , Ismach Ariel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study demonstrates that monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) can be grown on selective areas of a substrate by creating isolated microcavity reactors throughout the substrate in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The obtained MoS2 in the confined areas can be tuned from isolated triangular domains of few tens of microns to a continuous film with different thicknesses by modulating the growth parameters. In contrast, the growth on the open areas of the substrate leads to an inhomogeneous film. Using the confined‐CVD approach, the area‐selective growth of MoS2 domains and films on arbitrary substrates such as SiO2/Si, sapphire, gold‐patterned SiO2/Si substrates, and SiNx‐membrane‐supported TEM grid is shown. Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy studies reveal that the confined‐CVD‐derived MoS2 layers have high crystal quality and superior optical performance when compared to mechanically exfoliated flakes. A novel and efficient methodology is further introduced for the selective transfer of the confined‐growth areas to pre‐patterned substrates, therefore allowing multiple use of a single growth sample. Finally, field‐effect transistor devices are made on individual domains and mobilities up to ≈6.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 measured. The confined‐CVD approach and the selective area transfer presented here can be implemented on other transition metal dichalcogenides and 2D materials in general.
Plasmon‐Enhanced CO Selective Oxidation in H2 over Pt Nanoclusters Supported on Metallic Molybdenum Dioxide Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Qiqi , Yang Zhongshan , Chen Xin , Ning Shangbo , Qi Yuhang , Liu Lequan , Ye Jinhua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) excitation in plasmonic nanoparticles is showing great promise in solar‐driven chemical conversions, known as plasmon‐induced catalysis. In exploring its enormous potential, constructing multicomponent structure with both LSPR absorption and catalytic active parts is an ideal way, while most studies are limited to metallic core‐shell structure. Herein, hybrid nanostructure with plasmonic metal oxide (MoO2) and catalytic Pt nanoclusters is successfully designed. Under illumination, it not only demonstrates to be highly active for the preferential oxidation of CO in the presence of H2 (CO‐PROX) but also shows a dramatically wide temperature range for the total conversion of CO. The pathway of plasmon‐energy decay in MoO2 is clarified to selectively dissipate through catalytically active Pt sites in the form of hot carriers, thereby inducing efficient chemical transformation. These results may open an avenue in exploring plasmonic metal oxide materials to drive and modulate plasmon‐induced catalysis under illumination.
Strain Tuning via Larger Cation and Anion Codoping for Efficient and Stable Antimony‐Based Solar Cells
Authors: Nie Riming , Lee Kyoung Su , Hu Manman , Seok Sang Il 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStrain induced by lattice distortion is one of the key factors that affect the photovoltaic performance via increasing defect densities. The unsatisfied power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of solar cells based on antimony chalcogenides (Sb‐Chs) are owing to their photoexcited carriers being self‐trapped by the distortion of Sb2S3 lattice. However, strain behavior in Sb‐Chs‐based solar cells has not been investigated. Here, strain tuning in Sb‐Chs is demonstrated by simultaneously replacing Sb and S with larger Bi and I ions, respectively. Bi/I codoped Sb2S3 cells are fabricated using poly[2,6‐(4,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b;3,4‐b']dithiophene)‐alt‐4,7‐(2,1,3‐enzothiadiazole)] as the hole‐transporting layer. Codoping reduced the bandgap and rendered a bigger tension strain (1.76 × 10−4) to a relatively smaller compression strain (−1.29 × 10−4). The 2.5 mol% BiI3 doped Sb2S3 cell presented lower trap state energy level than the Sb2S3 cell; moreover, this doping amount effectively passivated the trap states. This codoping shows a similar trend even in the low bandgap Sb2(SxSe1‐x)3 cell, resulting in 7.05% PCE under the standard illumination conditions (100 mW cm−2), which is one of the top efficiencies in solution processing Sb2(SxSe1‐x)3 solar cells. Furthermore, the doped cells present higher humidity, thermal and photo stability. This study provides a new strategy for stable Pb‐free solar cells.
Determining Multi‐Component Phase Diagrams with Desired Characteristics Using Active Learning
Authors: Tian Yuan , Yuan Ruihao , Xue Dezhen , Zhou Yumei , Wang Yunfan , Ding Xiangdong , Sun Jun , Lookman Turab 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate how to predict and experimentally validate phase diagrams for multi‐component systems from a high‐dimensional virtual space of all possible phase diagrams involving several elements based on small existing experimental data. The experimental data for bulk phases for known systems represents a sampling from this space, and screening the space allows multi‐component phase diagrams with given design criteria to be built. This approach uses machine learning methods to predict phase diagrams and Bayesian experimental design to minimize experiments for refinement and validation, all within an active learning loop. The approach is proven by predicting and synthesizing the ferroelectric ceramic system (1‐ω)(Ba0.61Ca0.28Sr0.11TiO3)‐ω(BaTi0.888Zr0.0616Sn0.0028Hf0.0476O3) with a relatively high transition temperature and triple point, as well as the NiTi‐based pseudo‐binary phase diagram (1‐ω)(Ti0.309Ni0.485Hf0.20Zr0.006)‐ω(Ti0.309Ni0.485Hf0.07Zr0.068Nb0.068) designed for high transition temperature (ω⩽ 1). Each phase diagram is validated and optimized through only three new experiments. The complexity of these compounds is beyond the reach of today's computational methods.
Polyvinyl alcohol and acidity‐regulating KH2PO4 synergistically accelerated degradation of PBAT/PLA composites
Authors: Liu Hailu , Shen Huayan , Li Fayong , Xie Dong , Chen Junjia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPoly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT)/polylactic acid (PLA) composites were prepared by water‐soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and degradation‐promoting agent (DPA) which were made from acidity‐regulating KH2PO4 and halloysite by a physical layer‐by‐layer coating method. The effect of PVA and DPA on the biodegradation of PBAT/PLA composites in the cross‐sectional morphology, thermal properties, molecular structure, due to degradation was evaluated using a host of characterization methods. The results showed that PVA had a good solubilizing effect on the composite system and improved the overall compatibility. DPA had little effect on the compatibility, crystallinity, and thermal stability of the composite system, but greatly accelerated the degradation. The interior of composite material containing DPA (Com‐DPA) was shown to be severely damaged after 29 weeks of degradation, which was attributed to preferential degradation of amorphous regions of the composite by ester hydrolysis. Our results demonstrated the PVA and DPA worked synergistically to promote swelling and diffusivity of degradation products, and provided an acid environment for enhancing ester hydrolysis. This technology may have good prospects for accelerated degradation of materials in agricultural applications.
Potential for small RNA production against Bombyx mori latent virus in Bombyx mori ovaries
Authors: Katsuma Susumu , Shoji Keisuke , Suzuki Yutaka , Iwanaga Masashi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBombyx mori latent virus (BmLV) is a positive, single‐stranded insect RNA virus closely related to plant maculaviruses. BmLV was first isolated from Bombyx mori ovary‐derived cell line BmN‐4, and this virus has already infected most B. mori‐derived cultured cell lines. We previously reported that small interfering RNA (siRNA) and PIWI‐interacting RNA (piRNA) pathways function cooperatively to maintain the amount of BmLV RNA for normal BmN‐4 cell growth. On the other hand, BmLV does not propagate in B. mori larvae. Here we conducted BmLV injection into the larval body cavities of B. mori, and examined BmLV accumulation in larval ovaries where siRNA and piRNA pathways are both active, to investigate whether this in vivo resistance is governed by small RNA pathways. Expression levels of RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase, coat protein, and p15 genes in BmLV‐injected larval ovaries were extremely low compared with those in B. mori cultured cells, indicating that B. mori larval ovaries are more resistant to BmLV than B. mori cultured cells. We also sequenced small RNAs prepared from BmLV‐injected larval ovaries and mapped them onto the BmLV genome. Although their amounts were very small, we were able to detect BmLV‐derived small RNAs in the ovaries. According to their length distribution and nucleotide bias, they were likely to be siRNAs and piRNAs. These results suggest that B. mori ovaries can potentially produce small RNAs against BmLV, but the resistance of larval ovaries against BmLV is not dependent on RNA silencing pathways.
Joint interpretation of electrical and seismic data aimed at modelling the foundation soils of the Maredolce monumental complex in Palermo (Italy)
Authors: Cafiso Fabio , Canzoneri Alessandro , Capizzi Patrizia , Carollo Alessandra , Martorana Raffaele , Romano Filippo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe monumental complex of Maredolce (Palermo) includes an Arab‐Norman castle that stands on the banks of an artificial lake carved out of the calcarenitic rock that rests on impermeable clays. The lake was originally filled with water, thanks to the channelling of a spring. Over time, the lowering of the water table and the high hydraulic permeability of the calcarenites have caused the lake to dry up. A project to renovate the monumental complex has recently been launched. It also provides the study of a possible restoration of the original conditions of the lake. To this end, a multidisciplinary geophysical study was carried out to investigate the geotechnical conditions of permeability of the land outcropping and provides valid technical solutions for waterproofing the bottom of the lake. For this purpose, a joint interpretation was performed using data acquired with different geophysical techniques, such as seismic refraction tomography, electrical resistivity and induced polarization tomography, multichannel analysis of surface waves and horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio of environmental vibration recording. Joint interpretation, supported by cluster analysis techniques, allowed the reconstruction of the geophysical and geotechnical model of the subsoil of the ancient lake, helpful to suggest appropriate techniques for waterproofing the bottom of the lake.
Long‐Term Safety and Efficacy of Anifrolumab in Adults With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Results of a Phase II Open‐Label Extension Study
Authors: Chatham W. Winn , Furie Richard , Saxena Amit , Brohawn Philip , Schwetje Erik , Abreu Gabriel , Tummala Raj 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate long‐term safety and tolerability of anifrolumab, a human monoclonal antibody to the type I interferon (IFN) receptor subunit 1, in patients with moderate‐to‐severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsThis 3‐year, multinational, open‐label extension study included adult patients who completed treatment (48 weeks of anifrolumab or placebo; 12‐week follow‐up) in the MUSE phase IIb randomized controlled trial (RCT). Patients initially received 1,000 mg of anifrolumab intravenously every 4 weeks, which was reduced to 300 mg every 4 weeks based on the benefit/risk profile established in the MUSE trial. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed monthly. Exploratory end points included the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI‐2K), Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI), pharmacodynamics, and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).ResultsOf the 246 patients who completed the RCT, 218 (88.6%) enrolled in the open‐label extension study, of which 139 (63.8%) completed 3 years of treatment. Approximately 69.7% of patients reported ≥1 AE during the first year of open‐label extension treatment. Frequency and patterns of serious AEs and AEs of special interest over 3 years were consistent with those reported for 1 year of treatment in the RCT. Few patients (6.9%) discontinued treatment due to AEs. No new safety signals were identified. Improvement in the SLEDAI‐2K was sustained over 3 years. SDI and Short Form 36 health survey scores remained stable. Neutralization of type I IFN gene signatures was maintained in the IFN‐high population, and C3, C4, and anti–double‐stranded DNA showed trends toward sustained improvement.ConclusionLong‐term anifrolumab treatment demonstrates an acceptable safety profile with sustained improvement in SLE disease activity, HRQoL, and serologic measures.
Meteorological impacts of a novel debris‐covered glacier category in a regional climate model across a Himalayan catchment
Authors: Potter Emily R. , Orr Andrew , Willis Ian C. , Bannister Daniel , Wagnon Patrick 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMany of the glaciers in the Nepalese Himalaya are partially covered in a layer of loose rock known as debris cover. In the Dudh Koshi River Basin, Nepal, approximately 25% of glaciers are debris‐covered. Debris‐covered glaciers have been shown to have a substantial impact on near‐surface meteorological variables and the surface energy balance, in comparison to clean‐ice glaciers. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is often used for high‐resolution weather and climate modelling, however representation of debris‐covered glaciers is not included in the standard land cover and soil categories. Here we include a simple representation of thick debris‐covered glaciers in the WRF model, and investigate the impact on the near‐surface atmosphere over the Dudh Koshi River Basin for July 2013. Inclusion of this new category is found to improve the model representation of near‐surface temperature and relative humidity, in comparison with a simulation using the default category of clean‐ice glaciers, when compared to observations. The addition of the new debris‐cover category in the model warms the near‐surface air over the debris‐covered portion of the glacier, and the wind continues further up the valley, compared to the simulation using clean‐ice. This has consequent effects on water vapour and column‐integrated total water path, over both the portions of the glacier with and without debris cover. Correctly simulating meteorological variables such as these is vital for accurate precipitation forecasts over glacierized regions, and therefore estimating future glacier melt and river runoff in the Himalaya. These results highlight the need for debris cover to be included in high‐resolution regional climate models over debris‐covered glaciers.
Heart Rate Variability in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associations With Medication and Symptom Severity
Authors: Thapa Rinku , Pokorski Izabella , Ambarchi Zahava , Thomas Emma , Demayo Marilena , Boulton Kelsie , Matthews Slade , Patel Shrujna , Sedeli Indra , Hickie Ian B. , Guastella Adam J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDecreased heart rate variability (HRV) is considered a common marker of autonomic dysfunction that contributes to poor health outcomes. While some studies have suggested that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show reduced HRV, research is yet to consider whether this may be associated with medication use and symptom severity. This study examined the relationship between resting state HRV, medication use and symptom severity in children diagnosed with ASD. Children with ASD (N = 86), aged between 3 and 12 years (M = 8.09), were compared to 44 neurotypical children of similar age (M = 7.15). Laboratory assessment of HRV involved 5 min of non‐invasive baseline electrocardiogram assessments while participants viewed an age‐appropriate non‐verbal animated video. Time‐domain and frequency‐domain HRV measures were analyzed. ASD symptom severity was assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule‐Second Edition (ADOS‐2) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS‐2). Results indicated that children with ASD exhibited reduced resting HRV relative to neurotypical children. Subsequent analyses within the ASD group suggested that this group difference was greater in children who were taking psychotropic medication (N = 36). Our data also provides tentative evidence of a relationship between HRV and social impairment symptoms in children with ASD, with more severe repetitive behaviors (as measured by the ADOS‐2) associated with decreased resting HRV. Overall, these findings suggest that HRV may be atypical in children with ASD and suggest the importance of exploring HRV as a risk factor for cardiovascular health in this group.Lay SummaryCardiac activity, such as heart rate variability (HRV), can provide insight into the autonomic nervous system. This study reports on the association between resting‐state HRV and autonomic nervous system activity in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical children. These results may help us understand what underlies autonomic nervous system dysfunction and the potential pathophysiological mechanisms leading to increased cardiovascular risk in ASD.
Restorative Alveolar Interface Management Combined With Tunnel Technique and Connective Tissue Graft: A Conservative Approach for Root Fracture Treatment
Authors: Perussolo Jeniffer , Kawanichi Letícia Yuki , Makropoulos Tilemachos , de Souza André Barbisan 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThe infringement of supracrestal tissue attachment by subgingival restorative margins, extensive caries, and root fractures, can compromise the periodontal health, resulting in inflammation and loss of periodontal supporting tissues. This report describes a case of a root fracture on the upper left central incisor that was successfully treated using a conservative approach, by applying the restorative alveolar interface (RAI) management combined with tunnel technique and a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG).Case PresentationA 24‐year‐old male patient presented with a provisional single‐unit fixed prosthesis on his upper left central incisor, in function for 4 years, with the chief complaint of prosthesis discoloration. After clinical and radiographic examination, a diagnosis of root fracture was established. Following the removal of the provisional prosthesis, a full‐thickness flap was elevated creating a tunnel. The elimination of the fracture line/angle, root recontouring, and planning was then performed with the aid of a conical long diamond bur and periodontal curets. Additionally, an SCTG was placed buccally into the tunnel. The final zirconia layered with E‐max crown was placed 6 months after surgery. At 12‐ and 24‐month follow‐up, the periodontal tissues presented healthy aspect, no bleeding on probing, and a 4‐mm probing depth.ConclusionsSurgical repositioning of the restorative margin can be an alternative and conservative treatment approach to compromised teeth with subgingival fracture line/angle. However, case selection should be carefully considered and restorability assessed as limitations might apply.
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis in an adolescent male: A case report and literature review
Authors: He Luke , Lawrence Veronica , Moore Wayne V. , Yan Yun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is rarely seen in children and adolescents. Clinical manifestations in children and adolescents may vary. It is important for clinicians to be aware of this rare and life‐threatening condition.