bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical study on the seismic performance of steel‐polyvinyl alcohol hybrid fiber‐reinforced concrete shear walls
Authors: Zhou Ying , Zhong Guangchun , Xiao Yi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to reduce the crushing damage at shear wall corners and improve the seismic behavior of ordinary concrete shear walls, this paper develops a high‐performance steel‐polyvinyl alcohol (S‐PVA) hybrid fiber‐reinforced concrete (HyFRC) shear wall. Two‐phase studies from experiment to numerical analysis were carried out. The first phase investigates the seismic behavior of S‐PVA HyFRC shear walls by quasi‐static tests. Five S‐PVA HyFRC shear walls were fabricated, designed with various S‐PVA HyFRC distribution heights and locations. One ordinary concrete shear wall was fabricated as a reference specimen. The test hysteretic curve and skeleton curve were analyzed. Experimental results confirm that using the S‐PVA HyFRC at the bottom of the shear walls can improve their overall seismic behaviors effectively. Based on the test results, the optimal distribution height and location of S‐PVA HyFRC that generate the most cost‐effective benefits were determined. The second phase developed a numerical model to simulate the shear wall's behavior in OpenSees using SFI‐MVLEM model. Confined and unconfined constitutive models for S‐PVA and ordinary concrete under compression and tension were established and incorporated in the model. The model was compared with the experimental data and then was used for a parametric analyses, which provide theoretical basis for the seismic design and nonlinear analyses of HyFRC shear walls. Five parameters were considered in the parametric analyses, including the height of HyFRC in shear wall, the length of boundary elements, the ratio of longitudinal reinforcement, the ratio of transverse reinforcement, and the axial load ratio. Results suggest that the plastic hinge calculated by well‐developed equations can be used in the design of the HyFRC height. Current regulations about the boundary element length are applicable to HyFRC shear wall and the axial compression ratio is suggested to be smaller than 0.6.
Statin therapy and risk of Alzheimer's and age‐related neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Torrandell‐Haro Georgina , Branigan Gregory L. , Vitali Francesca , Geifman Nophar , Zissimopoulos Julie M. , Brinton Roberta Diaz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionEstablishing efficacy of and molecular pathways for statins has the potential to impact incidence of Alzheimer's and age‐related neurodegenerative diseases (NDD).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study surveyed US‐based Humana claims, which includes prescription and patient records from private‐payer and Medicare insurance. Claims from 288,515 patients, aged 45 years and older, without prior history of NDD or neurological surgery, were surveyed for a diagnosis of NDD starting 1 year following statin exposure. Patients were required to be enrolled with claims data for at least 6 months prior to first statin prescription and at least 3 years thereafter. Computational system biology analysis was conducted to determine unique target engagement for each statin.ResultsOf the 288,515 participants included in the study, 144,214 patients (mean [standard deviation (SD)] age, 67.22 [3.8] years) exposed to statin therapies, and 144,301 patients (65.97 [3.2] years) were not treated with statins. The mean (SD) follow‐up time was 5.1 (2.3) years. Exposure to statins was associated with a lower incidence of Alzheimer's disease (1.10% vs 2.37%; relative risk [RR], 0.4643; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44–0.49; P < .001), dementia 3.03% vs 5.39%; RR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.54–0.58; P < .001), multiple sclerosis (0.08% vs 0.15%; RR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.41–0.66; P < .001), Parkinson's disease (0.48% vs 0.92%; RR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.48–0.58; P < .001), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (0.02% vs 0.05%; RR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.30–0.69; P < .001). All NDD incidence for all statins, except for fluvastatin (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.65‐1.30; P = 0.71), was reduced with variances in individual risk profiles. Pathway analysis indicated unique and common profiles associated with risk reduction efficacy.DiscussionBenefits and risks of statins relative to neurological outcomes should be considered when prescribed for at‐risk NDD populations. Common statin activated pathways indicate overarching systems required for risk reduction whereas unique targets could advance a precision medicine approach to prevent neurodegenerative diseases.
Material heterogeneity of male genitalia reduces genital damage in a bushcricket during sperm removal behaviour
Authors: Matsumura Yoko , Jafarpour Mohsen , Ramm Steven A. , Reinhold Klaus , Gorb Stanislav N. , Rajabi Hamed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSperm removal behaviour (SRB) is known in many animals, and male genital structures are often involved in the SRB, e.g. rubbing female genitalia vigorously. However, it remains unclear how those male genital structures function properly without severe genital damage during SRB. In the present study, we focused on the bushcricket Metaplastes ornatus and examined the biomechanics of male and female genital structures, involved in their SRB as a model case. During an initial phase of mating, males of this species thrust their subgenital plate with hook-like spurs and many microscopic spines into the female genital chamber. By moving the subgenital plate back-and-forth, males stimulate females, and this stimulation induces the ejection of sperm previously stored in females. We aimed to uncover the mechanics of the interaction between the subgenital plate and genital chamber during SRB. The genital morphology and its material composition were investigated using modern imaging and microscopy techniques. The obtained results showed a pronounced material heterogeneity in the subgenital plate and the genital chamber. The material heterogeneity was completely absent in that of a second bushcricket species, Poecilimon veluchianus, which does not exhibit SRB. Finite element simulations showed that the specific material heterogeneity can redistribute the stress in the subgenital plate of M. ornatus and, thereby, reduces stress concentration during SRB. This may explain why only a few examined males had a broken spur. We suggest that the observed structural features and material heterogeneity in M. ornatus are adaptations to their SRB.
Integrability via Geometry: Dispersionless Differential Equations in Three and Four Dimensions
Authors: Calderbank David M. J. , Kruglikov Boris 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe prove that the existence of a dispersionless Lax pair with spectral parameter for a nondegenerate hyperbolic second order partial differential equation (PDE) is equivalent to the canonical conformal structure defined by the symbol being Einstein–Weyl on any solution in 3D, and self-dual on any solution in 4D. The first main ingredient in the proof is a characteristic property for dispersionless Lax pairs. The second is the projective behaviour of the Lax pair with respect to the spectral parameter. Both are established for nondegenerate determined systems of PDEs of any order. Thus our main result applies more generally to any such PDE system whose characteristic variety is a quadric hypersurface.
Mgs1 function at G-quadruplex structures during DNA replication
Authors: Paeschke Katrin , Burkovics Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe coordinated action of DNA polymerases and DNA helicases is essential at genomic sites that are hard to replicate. Among these are sites that harbour G-quadruplex DNA structures (G4). G4s are stable alternative DNA structures, which have been implicated to be involved in important cellular processes like the regulation of gene expression or telomere maintenance. G4 structures were shown to hinder replication fork progression and cause genomic deletions, mutations and recombination events. Many helicases unwind G4 structures and preserve genome stability, but a detailed understanding of G4 replication and the re-start of stalled replication forks around formed G4 structures is not clear, yet. In our recent study, we identified that Mgs1 preferentially binds to G4 DNA structures in vitro and is associated with putative G4-forming chromosomal regions in vivo. Mgs1 binding to G4 motifs in vivo is partially dependent on the helicase Pif1. Pif1 is the major G4-unwinding helicase in S. cerevisiae. In the absence of Mgs1, we determined elevated gross chromosomal rearrangement (GCR) rates in yeast, similar to Pif1 deletion. Here, we highlight the recent findings and set these into context with a new mechanistic model. We propose that Mgs1's functions support DNA replication at G4-forming regions.
Diagnostic accuracy of ultra-low-dose CT for torsion measurement of the lower limb
Authors: Keller Gabriel , Afat Saif , Ahrend Marc-Daniel , Springer Fabian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of simulated ultra-low-dose CT (ULD-CT) for torsion measurement of the lower limb.

Methods
Thirty retrospectively identified patients were included (32.3 ± 14.2 years; 14 women, 16 men). ULD-CT simulations were generated at dose levels of 100%, 10%, 5%, and 1% using two reconstruction methods: standard filtered back projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE). Two readers measured the lower limb torsion in all data sets. The readers also captured image noise in standardized anatomical landmarks. All data sets were evaluated regarding subjective diagnostic confidence (DC; 5-point Likert scale). Effective radiation dose of the original data sets and the simulated ULD-CT was compared.

Results
There was no significant difference of measured lower limb torsion in any simulated dose level compared to the original data sets in both readers. Dose length product (DLP) of the original examinations was 402.1 ± 4.3 mGy cm, which resulted in an effective radiation dose of 4.00 ± 2.12 mSv. Calculated effective radiation dose in ULD-CT at 1% of the original dose was 0.04 mSv. Image noise increased significantly with dose reduction (p < 0.0001) and was dependent on the reconstructional method (p < 0.0001) with less noise using ADMIRE compared to FBP. Both readers rated DC at doses 100%, 10%, and 5% with 5.0/5: there were no ratings worse than 3/5 at 1% dose level.

Conclusions
The results suggest that radiation dose reduction down to 1% of original CT dose levels may be achieved in CT torsion measurements of the lower limb without compromising diagnostic accuracy.

Key Points
• Modern CT delivers exceptional high image quality in musculoskeletal imaging, especially for evaluation of osseous structures.
• Usually, this high image quality is accompanied by significant radiation exposure to the patient and may not always be required for the intended purpose, e.g., pure delineation of cortical bone of the lower limb.
• This study shows the tremendous prospects of radiation dose reduction without compromising diagnostic confidence in CT torsion measurement of the lower limb.
Macromorphological findings in cases of death in water: a critical view on “drowning signs”
Authors: Schneppe Simon , Dokter Martin , Bockholdt Britta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDeath in water is a challenging issue in forensic pathology since from natural death to homicide all circumstances of death in water are conceivable. Therefore, the correct interpretation of all abnormal autopsy findings is important. In order to determine a death by drowning, numerous internal and external signs of drowning are already described. However, these are supposed to be influenced by various factors reducing their significance and evidence. Moreover, the autopsy of water corpses often reveals further pathological findings that should not be underestimated for determining the cause of death. The aim of this study was to set frequencies of the observed drowning signs in context to the forensic literature and to identify possible influencing factors. In this study, we observed that pathological organ changes of the cardiovascular system were significantly more common in corpses after shortened (atypical) drowning processes than in classical drowned victims. Furthermore only a complete formation of external foam, immediately after the corpse’s recovery, was exclusively found in drowning victims. All other drowning signs were either also observed in non-drowning deaths in water or no information could be provided with reasonable assurance. In addition, many of the examined drowning signs were negatively affected by prolonged postmortem intervals, putrefaction, or resuscitation attempts. It can be concluded from our analysis that morbidity is an important factor in deaths in water. Morbidity can support a death by drowning in case of incidents in water. For the examined drowning signs, no high diagnostic certainty could be observed. Nevertheless, these findings can increase their diagnostic value—if forensic physicians take influencing factors into consideration.
Preventable fatal injury during rally race: a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Zerbo Stefania , Bilotta Clio , Perrone Giulio , Malta Ginevra , Re Giuseppe Lo , Terranova Maria Chiara , Argo Antonina , Salerno Sergio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The motor vehicle crash (MVC) constitutes an important challenge for forensic pathology in order to identify the manner and cause of death. Our study focuses on a fatal accident during a rally race corresponding to MVC sub-category.

Materials and method
Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) was performed before the conventional autopsy. Autoptic and PMCT data were compared. Data collection allowed analyzing biomechanical dynamics of the incident and post-traumatic injuries through qualitative-statistics and solicitation quantitative indices.

Results
Photo and circumstantial evidence analysis showed a wrong installation of double shoulder belt system of head and neck support (HANS) collar. PMTC clearly highlighted multiple and bilateral fractures involving roof and base of skull; a displaced fracture of the right acetabulum was also encountered. Autopsy confirmed PMCT data and revealed a brainstem laceration. AIS (Abbreviated Injury Scale) achieved a maximum score in consideration of fatal injuries.

Discussion
The injuries analysis resulting from photographic surveys examination, conventional autopsy, and PMCT has led us to confirm a fatal front collision with a tree trunk. Head trauma represents a major injury in the present case. In this case, head injuries, related to whiplash trauma, are a consequence of a double shoulder belt system (HANS collar component) wrong installation.

Conclusion
MVC and especially high-speed motor racing represent an important death cause. There was, for this reason, a marked development of cars and occupants’ safety systems, such as HANS collar. PMCT improves the diagnostic performance of conventional autopsy and increases forensic medical knowledge related to traumatic injuries.
ALK alterations in salivary gland carcinomas
Authors: Majewska Hanna , Gorczyński Adam , Czapiewski Piotr , Menon Roopika , Mueller Judith , Lakis Sotirios , Heuckmann Johannes M. , Laco Jan , Gupta Ruta , Andreasen Simon , Stodulski Dominik , Iliszko Mariola , Dziadziuszko Rafał , Jassem Jacek , Heukamp Lukas C. , Biernat Wojciech 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSalivary gland carcinomas represent a heterogeneous group of poorly characterized head and neck tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ALK gene and protein aberrations in a large, well-characterized cohort of these tumors. A total of 182 salivary gland carcinomas were tested for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positivity by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the cut-off of 10% positive cells. ALK positive tumors were subjected to FISH analysis and followed by hybrid capture–based next generation sequencing (NGS). Of the 182 tumors, 8 were ALK positive by IHC. Further analysis using hybrid capture NGS analysis revealed a novel MYO18A (Exon1-40)-ALK (exon 20-29) gene fusion in one case of intraductal carcinoma. Additional genomic analyses resulted in the detection of inactivating mutations in BRAF and TP53, as well as amplifications of ERBB2 and ALK. ALK rearrangements are a rare entity in salivary gland carcinomas. We identified a potentially targetable novel ALK fusion in an intraductal carcinoma of minor salivary glands.
Modes of climate variability and their relationships with interhemispheric temperature asymmetry: a Granger causality analysis
Authors: Triacca Umberto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the relationships among Interhemispheric Temperature Asymmetry (ITA) and the principal modes of natural variability: the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). In particular, Granger causality tests are used to capture the linkages among these variables. Our analysis provides strong evidence that AMO causes ITA, the causal role of PDO is weak, and SOI seems to have no causal influence.
Seismic risk assessment of residential buildings in Italy
Authors: Dolce Mauro , Prota Andrea , Borzi Barbara , da Porto Francesca , Lagomarsino Sergio , Magenes Guido , Moroni Claudio , Penna Andrea , Polese Maria , Speranza Elena , Verderame Gerardo Mario , Zuccaro Giulio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe last National Risk Assessment NRA for Italy was developed at the end of 2018 by the Department of Civil Protection (DPC) in response to the specific requirement of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 to periodically adjourn the assessment of disaster risk. The methodology adopted to perform seismic risk assessment and build national seismic risk maps was specifically developed to comply with the recent Code for Civil Protection, issuing that, in addition to a solid scientific base, risk assessment should be characterized by a wide consensus of the scientific community. As a result, six research units belonging to two Centers of Competence of the DPC, namely ReLUIS (Network of university laboratories for seismic engineering) and EUCENTRE (European Centre for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering), collaborated under the guidance and coordination of DPC to produce the recent updating of national seismic risk maps for the residential building stock. This paper describes the methodology adopted to develop the consensus-based national seismic risk assessment and presents the main results in terms of expected damage and impact measures (unusable buildings, homeless, casualties, direct economic losses).
Guideline for the description of soils in the Berlin metropolitan area: an extension for surveying and mapping anthropogenic and natural soils in urban environments within the German soil classification system
Authors: Makki Mohsen , Thestorf Kolja , Hilbert Sabine , Thelemann Michael , Makowsky Lutz 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In urban areas, humans shape the surface, (re-)deposit natural or technogenic material, and thus become the dominant soil formation factor. The 2015 edition of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) describes anthropogenic urban soils as Anthrosols or Technosols, but the methodological approaches and classification criteria of national soil classification systems are rather inconsistent. Stringent criteria for describing and mapping anthropogenic soils in urban areas and their application are still lacking, although more than half (53%) of the urban soils in Berlin are built-up by or contain anthropogenic material.

Materials and methods
On behalf of the Berlin Senate Department for the Environment, Transport and Climate Protection and in close cooperation with the German Working Group for Urban Soils, a comprehensive guideline for soil description in the Berlin metropolitan area (BMA), with special regard to anthropogenic/technogenic parent material and anthropogenic soils, has been developed. Our approach includes all previous standard works for soil description and mapping and is based on studies that have been conducted in the BMA over the last five decades. Special emphasis was placed on the integration of our manual into the classification system of the German soil mapping guideline (KA5).

Results and discussion
The extension of existing data fields (e.g., the further subdivision of land use types) as well as the creation of new data fields (e.g., pH value) adapted to the requirements of urban soil mapping has been carried out. Additional technogenic materials that occur in urban environments have been added to the list of anthropogenic parent materials. Furthermore, we designed appendices that clearly characterize typical soil profiles of the BMA and depict technogenic materials, their physical and chemical characteristics, as well as their origin and distribution. Our approach will set new benchmarks for soil description and mapping in urban environments, which will improve the quality of urban soil research in the BMA. It is expected that our approach will provide baselines for urban soil mapping in other metropolitan areas.

Conclusions
Our guideline is a comprehensive manual for the description of urban soils within a national soil classification system. This mapping guideline will be the future standard work for soil surveys and soil mapping in the federal state of Berlin. Currently, representatives from federal and state authorities are reviewing our guideline, with a view to potentially integrating key components into the classification system of the forthcoming 6th edition of the German soil mapping guideline (KA6).
Von der Arbeit, wie eine Freundin zu sein
Authors: Klein Isabel 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht auf Grundlage ethnografisch erhobener Daten die Arbeit von größtenteils selbstständigen Kosmetiker*innen. Diese stellen langfristige intime Beziehungen zu ihren Kund*innen her, die rhetorisch und im Arbeitshandeln Freundschaften ähneln. Die Chiffre der „Freundschaft“ verweist auf eine Form von Arbeit, die, so die These des Beitrags, organisational über das Konzept der Emotionsarbeit hinausgeht, weshalb der Begriff der Beziehungsarbeit eingeführt wird. Anhand des empirischen Materials werden zunächst Verkürzungen im Forschungsstand zu Emotionsarbeit und Interaktionsarbeit in der (solo‑)selbstständigen, prekären, feminisierten Arbeit aufgezeigt und es wird daraufhin vorgeschlagen, die Arbeit, „wie eine Freundin zu sein“, als Beziehungsarbeit zu konzipieren. Der Begriff der Beziehungsarbeit soll die unsichtbare und entgrenzte Arbeit als Bedingung und Folge der Dienstleistung, die jenseits der kosmetischen Behandlungen stattfindet, empirisch und theoretisch anschlussfähig machen. Damit werden auch die paradoxen Anforderungen an die Arbeitenden in der Kommodifizierung von feminisierten reproduktiven Tätigkeiten aufgezeigt und diskutiert, wie die Kosmetiker*innen die in der kapitalistischen Organisation von Arbeit immanenten Grenzziehungen von reproduktiver und produktiver Arbeit verhandeln und re-justieren.