bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managerial myopia and short-termism of innovation strategy: Financialisation of Korean firms
Authors: Seo Hwan Joo , Kang Sung Jin , Baek Yong Jun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study empirically examines whether managerial myopia leads to short-termism of innovation strategy using Korean firm and USPTO data covering 1980–2017. The main finding is that payout indicators, as the proxy variables for financialisation and managerial myopia, have a negative effect on innovation, quantitatively and qualitatively. Hence, managerial myopia and short-termism of innovation strategy are related. Further, estimation by the firm’s size reveals that the hypothesis of managerial myopia leading to short-termism of innovation strategy is valid only for conglomerates.
Capital in the history of economic thought: charting the ontological underworld
Authors: Endres Anthony M , Harper David A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe undertake a comprehensive descriptive and comparative ontology of capital in the history of economic thought post-1870. Beginning with the pioneering contributions of Menger, Böhm-Bawerk, Clark and Knight, we reassess the familiar dualistic ontology of capital that contrasts ‘materialist’ and ‘fundist’ approaches. Advancing beyond this dualism, we find that the ontology of capital is an evolving mosaic presenting many nuances and overlapping with other ontologies concerning notions of time and atomism. There is no substitute for examining the diverse theories, causal explanations and conceptual systems in which capital is embedded. In episodic capital controversies, economists have employed distinctive metaphors of capital revealing hidden presuppositions that imply specific functional and dispositional properties of capital. Ontological comparison can uncover implicit ideas about capital, as evidenced in the metaphors used by Böhm-Bawerk, Hayek and Robinson. The benefits of a descriptive and comparative approach are further illustrated in our critical appraisal of the modern monetary ontology of capital associated with Piketty, business finance and growth accounting. Differentiated by their specific ontologies, each explanation of capital in market economies should be regarded as at best a very partial account, though our assessment shows that some explanations are relatively more fragmentary and impoverished than others.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the COVID-19 Pandemic: the Patients’ Perspective
Authors: Grunert P C , Reuken P A , Stallhofer J , Teich N , Stallmach A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic is affecting lives worldwide. The influence of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] medication and IBD itself on COVID-19 is controversial. Additionally, IBD-focused guidance is scarce.

Objective
Our aims were to determine COVID-19 prevalence/exposure, perception and information sources, medication compliance, patient behaviour and physician contact among patients with IBD compared with non-IBD controls.

Methods
A cross-sectional anonymous survey of patients with IBD [N = 415] at one university IBD clinic and one gastroenterology practice, matched 4:1 with control participants [N = 116], was performed.

Results
Patients with IBD had a high fear of infection. This was more pronounced in patients taking immunosuppressants and it extended to hospitals, private practices and public places, such as supermarkets. IBD patients reported leaving their homes less frequently than their peers without IBD. A total of 90% of patients with IBD reported washing their hands more frequently. Patients taking immunosuppressants were concerned about interactions between medication and COVID-19, whereas patients taking 5-aminosalicylates were not. Nonetheless, 96.4% of patients adhered to continuing their medication. Patients sought guidance primarily from television and internet news sites. Video consultations were found to be a suitable solution for a subset of patients who are young, have a high level of fear and leave their home less frequently than their peers, whereas overall acceptance of video consultations was limited.

Conclusion
Patients with IBD are significantly more affected by the COVID-19 pandemic than their non-IBD peers, but they continue to adhere to their medication regimens. IBD-focused COVID-19 information should be actively conveyed.
Left ventricular thrombosis: new perspectives on an old problem
Authors: Massussi Mauro , Scotti Andrea , Lip Gregory Y H , Proietti Riccardo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Left ventricular thrombosis (LVT) is a major risk factor for systemic thromboembolism and might complicate both the acute and the chronic phase of ischaemic heart disease after myocardial infarction and, less frequently, non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies. The pathophysiology of thrombus formation is complex and involves the three aspects of Virchow’s triad: blood stasis, prothrombotic state, and tissue injury. Advances in technology have improved the detection rate of intracardiac thrombi, but several uncertainties still remain regarding the optimal treatment strategy within daily clinical practice. Of note, anticoagulation therapy with heparin and vitamin K antagonists decreases the risk of embolic stroke though exposing patients to an undeniable risk of bleeding complications. Although limited data on the off-label use of direct oral anticoagulants have reported safety and efficacy for LVT resolution, yet more evidence is needed to justify their use in clinical practice.
Characterization of porous rocks embedded with aligned fractures from shear wave responses
Authors: Wang Ding , Li Bo 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYA single shear wave passing through an elastic anisotropic rock can split into two quasi-shear waves (noted by S1 and S2) with different polarization forms if the particle vibration direction of the wave source does not lie in the symmetry plane of the rock. This study focuses on the properties of shear waves penetrating a porous rock containing a set of aligned permeable fractures. The polarization characteristics of shear waves were selected to describe the dynamic properties of the rock as they are sensitive to the parameters of fractures and saturating fluids. From a physics viewpoint, in addition to the compressional wave, the shear wave (splitting) is governed by a wave-induced fluid flow (WIFF) process due to the specific shear stress decomposition happening on the fractures. The polarization formulas of S1 and S2 were derived based on the frequency-dependent Christoffel equation, which are related to the properties of fractures, fluids and wave frequency. The influence of the properties of fractures and fluids on the velocity and attenuation anisotropies of shear waves were analysed. The results showed that the particle oscillations of two shear waves are not completely mutually orthogonal, and are affected by the pressure equilibrium magnitude between the fractures and the corresponding interconnected pores. The S2 (slow) wave (i.e. particle polarized on the plane approximately perpendicular to the fractures) is more sensitive to the saturated fluids and the WIFF process than that of the S1 (fast) wave (i.e. wave polarized on the plane approximately parallel to the fractures). A frequency factor was proposed for quantifying the effects of WIFF on shear wave polarization and attenuation. Measurements on the unique polarization and the anisotropy of shear waves can provide a generalized indicator to predict the properties of fractures and the migration of infilling fluids in the rock fracture systems.
A 1-Year Cross-sectional Inflammatory Bowel Disease Surveillance Colonoscopy Cohort Comparing High-definition White Light Endoscopy and Chromoendoscopy
Authors: Coelho-Prabhu Nayantara , Bruining David H , Faubion William A , Kane Sunanda V , Kisiel John B , Papadakis Konstantinos A , Pardi Darrell S , Raffals Laura E , Schroeder Kenneth W , Tremaine William J , Fruth Kristin , Harmsen W Scott , Loftus Edward V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
We sought to compare the dysplasia detection rate of high-definition white light endoscopy (HDWLE) with that of chromoendoscopy in patients with long-standing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods
This is a retrospective observational cohort of patients with IBD who underwent surveillance colonoscopy between October 1, 2016 and September 30, 2017. We assessed the association between dysplasia detection and multiple variables.

Results
A total of 808 unique colonoscopies were performed, of which 150 (18.6%) included chromoendoscopy. Primary sclerosing cholangitis was a comorbid diagnosis in 24.5% of patients. The performing endoscopist was an IBD specialist with 37.1% of patients and had &gt;10 years’ experience with 64.9% of patients. Prior dysplasia had been seen in 245 (30.3%) patients: 102 (68.0%) and 143 (22.0%) among patients who had chromoendoscopy and HDWLE, respectively. Dysplasia in polyps was found in 129 procedures (15.1%). Among patients who had chromoendoscopy and HDWLE, polypoid dysplasia was identified in 50 (33.0%) and 79 (12.0%) patients, respectively, P &lt; 0.01. Dysplasia in random biopsies was found in 39 patients (4.8%): 15 (10%) who had chromoendoscopy and 24 (3.6%) who had HDWLE (P &lt; 0.001). On multivariate analysis, patient and disease characteristics significantly associated with an increased odds for polypoid dysplasia included older age at diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.3 per 10 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.60), having an IBD physician endoscopist (OR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.01-2.67), having an endoscopist with less than 10 years’ experience (OR = 1.8; 95% CI (1.16-2.89), and prior random dysplasia (OR = 4.2; 95% CI (1.93-9.17). Concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis was significantly associated with random dysplasia (OR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.02-5.07). After multivariate analysis adjusting for these variables, chromoendoscopy was no more likely to identify dysplasia than was HDWLE.

Conclusions
Chromoendoscopy and HDWLE had a similar diagnostic yield for dysplasia detection in patients with chronic IBD-colitis after adjusting for multiple known risk factors.
Investigating the potential for a commercial fishery in the Northeast Atlantic utilizing mesopelagic species
Authors: Grimaldo Eduardo , Grimsmo Leif , Alvarez Paula , Herrmann Bent , Møen Tveit Guro , Tiller Rachel , Slizyte Rasa , Aldanondo Naroa , Guldberg Trude , Toldnes Bendik , Carvajal Ana , Schei Marte , Selnes Merethe 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
During three cruises in the Mid Atlantic Ridge area in 2016 and 2017, we studied the biomass of mesopelagic fish and its potential as a source of protein and oil for animal feed and human consumption. We collected samples of mesopelagic species down to a depth of 600 m, studied fish behaviour, identified and quantified the species composition of the catches, analysed the chemical composition of the catch samples, and evaluated the presence of unwanted substances. Results showed that Maurolicus muelleri (Mueller’s pearlside) and Benthosema glaciale (Glacier lantern fish) were the most abundant fish species in our samples and catches containing 80% fish can be a good source of protein and marine lipids including eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3). Unwanted substances, except for Cd and As, were present at levels far lower than the limits set by European Union regulations. However, our experiments identified challenges that may limit the efficiency of commercial operations in the Northeast Atlantic. Combined real-time optical and/or multifrequency acoustic systems will be needed to improve species identification and ensure cost-effective fishing operations. Also, selective trawls that target only fish and release unwanted species are needed to secure high-quality oils and proteins.
Will Coronavirus Disease 2019 Become Seasonal?
Authors: Kanzawa Mia , Spindler Hilary , Anglemyer Andrew , Rutherford George W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This manuscript explores the question of the seasonality of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by reviewing 4 lines of evidence related to viral viability, transmission, ecological patterns, and observed epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 in the Southern Hemispheres’ summer and early fall.
Macroeconomic Fluctuations with HANK & SAM: an Analytical Approach
Authors: Ravn Morten O , Sterk Vincent 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Recently developed HANK models, which combine Heterogeneous Agents and New Keynesian frictions, have had a considerable impact on macroeconomics. However, due to the complexity of such models, the literature has focused on numerically solved models and therefore little is known about their general properties. This paper presents a tractable HANK model that integrates Search and Matching (SAM) frictions in the labor market. The model features an endogenous idiosyncratic earnings risk, which may be procyclical or countercyclical. When this risk is countercyclical, which we argue is the empirically plausible case, there is a downward pressure on real interest rates in recessions due to a precautionary savings motive. We show that in this setting (a) the economy may get stuck in a high-unemployment steady state, (b) the Taylor principle is insufficient to eliminate the local indeterminacy of the intended steady state, and (c) nominal rigidities and inincomplete markets are complementary in terms of amplifying the impact of shocks on the macroeconomy.
What Every Neuropathologist Needs to Know: The Muscle Biopsy
Authors: Nix James S , Moore Steven A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Competence in muscle biopsy evaluation is a core component of neuropathology practice. The practicing neuropathologist should be able to prepare frozen sections of muscle biopsies with minimal artifacts and identify key histopathologic features of neuromuscular disease in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections as well as implement and interpret a basic panel of additional histochemical, enzyme histochemical, and immunohistochemical stains. Important to everyday practice is a working knowledge of normal muscle histology at different ages, muscle motor units, pitfalls of myotendinous junctions, nonpathologic variations encountered at traditional and nontraditional muscle sites, the pathophysiology of myonecrosis and regeneration, and approaches to distinguish muscular dystrophies from inflammatory myopathies and other necrotizing myopathies. Here, we provide a brief overview of what every neuropathologist needs to know concerning the muscle biopsy.
The Changing Aesthetics of Vocal Registration in the Age of ‘Verismo’
Authors: Gentili Barbara 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The idea that classical singers should join the notes of the vocal line by maintaining a consistent vocal colour is a relatively recent historical construct. In the last decades of the nineteenth century, singers in the Italian tradition were loyal to a very different vocal aesthetic, which valued the distinct differences in timbre between different vocal registers, as this article shows through a comparative analysis of pedagogical writing and pre-1925 recordings. The latter reveal that, in the early twentieth century, old and new techniques for uniting the vocal registers coexisted, and reflected an aesthetic transition towards a more gendered quality of the operatic voice. This process was intertwined with profound transformations in Italian operatic culture. The demands of a new realistic idiom known as verismo required a new type of vocalism, which prompted singers to re-conceive the ‘art of vocal registration’.
On the development of a rotated-hybrid HLL/HLLC approximate Riemann solver for relativistic hydrodynamics
Authors: Townsend Jamie F , Könözsy László , Jenkins Karl W 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThis work presents the development of a rotated-hybrid Riemann solver for solving relativistic hydrodynamics (RHD) problems with the hybridization of the HLL and HLLC (or Rusanov and HLLC) approximate Riemann solvers. A standalone application of the HLLC Riemann solver can produce spurious numerical artefacts when it is employed in conjunction with Godunov-type high-order methods in the presence of discontinuities. It has been found that a rotated-hybrid Riemann solver with the proposed HLL/HLLC (Rusanov/HLLC) scheme could overcome the difficulty of the spurious numerical artefacts and presents a robust solution for the Carbuncle problem. The proposed rotated-hybrid Riemann solver provides sufficient numerical dissipation to capture the behaviour of strong shock waves for RHD. Therefore, in this work, we focus on two benchmark test cases (odd–even decoupling and double-Mach reflection problems) and investigate two astrophysical phenomena, the relativistic Richtmyer–Meshkov instability and the propagation of a relativistic jet. In all presented test cases, the Carbuncle problem is shown to be eliminated by employing the proposed rotated-hybrid Riemann solver. This strategy is problem-independent, straightforward to implement and provides a consistent robust numerical solution when combined with Godunov-type high-order schemes for RHD.
On the relative importance of hadronic emission processes along the jet axis of active galactic nuclei
Authors: Hoerbe Mario R , Morris Paul J , Cotter Garret , Becker Tjus Julia 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTWith the coincident detection of a gamma-ray flare and a neutrino from the blazar TXS 0506+056, active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have been put into focus as possible sources of the diffuse neutrino flux. We present a space and time-resolved model of the high-energy particle emission of a plasmoid assumed to travel along the axis of an AGN jet at relativistic speed. This was achieved by modifying the publicly available crpropa (version 3.1+) propagation framework that in our work is capable of being applied to source physics on sub-kpc scales. The propagation of a population of primary protons is modelled in a purely turbulent magnetic field and we take into account interactions of these protons with photons scattered from the accretion disc, synchrotron radiation emitted by ambient relativistic electrons, as well with themselves and with other ambient matter. Our model produces a PeV-neutrino flare caused mainly by photohadronic interactions of primaries with the accretion disc field. Secondary high-energy gamma-rays partly attenuate with the ambient photon fields whose combined optical depths achieve their minimal opacity for photons of around 10 TeV. Thus, our model is well capable of producing neutrino flares with a significantly reduced emission of gamma-rays in jets with a hadronic jet component that in the future can be fit to specific AGN flare scenarios.
Evidence of large-scale energy cascade in the spiral galaxy NGC 5236
Authors: Nandakumar Meera , Dutta Prasun 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Turbulence plays an important role in the structure and dynamics of the galaxy and influences various processes therein including star formation. In this work, we investigate the large-scale turbulence properties of the external spiral galaxy NGC 5236. We combine the Very Large Array (VLA) multiconfiguration archival data with the new GMRT observation to estimate the column density and line-of-sight velocity fluctuation power spectra for this galaxy over almost two decades of length scales. The energy input scale to the interstellar medium turbulence is found to be around 6 kpc. Power spectra of the two-dimensional turbulence in the galaxy’s disc follow a power law with a slope −1.23 ± 0.06 for the column density and −1.91 ± 0.08 for the line-of-sight velocity. The measured power spectra slopes strongly suggest in favour of a compressive forcing with a steady energy input of ∼7 × 10−11   erg cm −2 s−1. We conclude that much of these originate from the gravitational instabilities and self-gravity in the disc. This is the first and most comprehensive study of turbulence statistics for any external spiral galaxy.
The lively accretion disc in NGC 2992 – I. Transient iron K emission lines in the high-flux state
Authors: Marinucci A , Bianchi S , Braito V , De Marco B , Matt G , Middei R , Nardini E , Reeves J N 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We report on one of the brightest flux levels of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 2992 ever observed in X-rays, on 2019 May. The source has been monitored every few days from 2019 March 26 to 2019 December 14 by Swift-X-Ray Telescope (XRT), and simultaneous XMM–Newton (250 ks) and NuSTAR (120 ks) observations were triggered on 2019 May 6. The high count rate of the source (its 2–10 keV flux ranged between 0.7 and 1.0 × 10−10 erg cm−2 s−1) allows us to perform a time-resolved spectroscopy, probing spatial scales of tens of gravitational radii from the central black hole. By constructing a map of the excess emission over the primary continuum, we find several emission structures in the 5.0–7.2 keV energy band. From fitting the 50 European Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC)-pn spectral slices of ∼5 ks duration, we interpret them as a constant narrow iron Kα line and three variable components in the iron K complex. When a self-consistent model accounting for the accretion disc emission is considered (KYNrline), two of these features (in the 5.0–5.8 and 6.8–7.2 keV bands) can be ascribed to a flaring region of the accretion disc located at rin ≃ 15–40rg from the black hole. The third one (6.5–6.8 keV) is likely produced at much larger radii (rin &gt; 50rg). The inner radius and the azimuthal extension retrieved from the co-added spectra of the flaring states are rin = 15 ± 3rg and ϕ = 165°–330°, suggesting that the emitting region responsible for the broad iron K component is a relatively compact annular sector within the disc. Our findings support a physical scenario in which the accretion disc in NGC 2992 becomes more active at high accretion rates ($L_{\rm bol}/L_{\rm Edd}\ge 4$ per cent).
Discovery and astrophysical properties of Galactic open clusters in dense stellar fields using Gaia DR2
Authors: Ferreira F A , Corradi W J B , Maia F F S , Angelo M S , Santos J F C 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of 25 new open clusters resulting from a search in dense low Galactic latitude fields. We also provide, for the first time, structural and astrophysical parameters for the new findings and 34 other recently discovered open clusters using Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) data. The candidates were confirmed by jointly inspecting the vector point diagrams and spatial distribution. The discoveries were validated by matching near known objects and comparing their mean astrometric parameters with the available literature. A decontamination algorithm was applied to the three-dimensional astrometric space to derive membership likelihoods for clusters stars. By rejecting stars with low membership likelihoods, we built decontaminated colour–magnitude diagrams and derived the clusters astrophysical parameters by isochrone fitting. The structural parameters were also derived by King-profile fittings over the stellar distributions. The investigated clusters are mainly located within 3 kpc from the Sun, with ages ranging from 30 Myr to 3.2 Gyr and reddening limited to E(B − V) = 2.5. On average, our cluster sample presents less concentrated structures than Gaia DR2 confirmed clusters, since the derived core radii are larger while the tidal radii are not significantly different. Most of them are located in the IV quadrant of the Galactic disc at low latitudes, therefore, they are immersed in dense fields characteristic of the inner Milky Way.