bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and molecular characteristics of the type VI secretion system in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from bloodstream infections
Authors: Zhou Mao , Lan You , Wang Siyi , Liu Qingxia , Jian Zijuan , Li Yanming , Chen Xia , Yan Qun , Liu Wenen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe type VI secretion system (T6SS) has been identified as a novel virulence factor. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of the T6SS genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae‐induced bloodstream infections (BSIs). We also evaluated clinical and molecular characteristics of T6SS‐positive K pneumoniae.MethodsA total of 344 non‐repetitive K. pneumoniae bloodstream isolates and relevant clinical data were collected from January 2016 to January 2019. For all isolates, T6SS genes, capsular serotypes, and virulence genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction, and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by VITEK® 2 Compact. MLST was being conducted for hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (HVKP).Results69 (20.1%) were identified as T6SS‐positive K. pneumoniae among 344 isolates recovered from patients with BSIs. The rate of K1 capsular serotypes and ten virulence genes in T6SS‐positive strains was higher than T6SS‐negative strains (P = .000). The T6SS‐positive rate was significantly higher than T6SS‐negative rate among HVKP isolates. (P = .000). The T6SS‐positive K. pneumoniae isolates were significantly more susceptible to cefoperazone‐sulbactam, ampicillin‐sulbactam, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, cefotan, aztreonam, ertapenem, amikacin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin (P < 0.05). More strains isolated from the community and liver abscess were T6SS‐positive K. pneumoniae (P < .05). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that community‐acquired BSIs (OR 2.986), the carriage of wcaG (OR 10.579), iucA (OR 2.441), and p‐rmpA (OR 7.438) virulence genes, and biliary diseases (OR 5.361) were independent risk factors for T6SS‐positive K. pneumoniae‐induced BSIs.ConclusionThe T6SS‐positive K. pneumoniae was prevalent in individuals with BSIs. T6SS‐positive K. pneumoniae strains seemed to be hypervirulent which revealed the potential pathogenicity of this emerging gene cluster.
Cognitive‐motivational, interpersonal, and behavioral functioning in relationship to treatment and research engagement in forensic patients with ADHD
Authors: Houtepen Jenny A. B. M. , Sijtsema Jelle J. , Van der Lem Rosalind , Scheres Anouk , Bogaerts Stefan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo provide more insight into treatment and research responsivity in offenders with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodVia self‐reports and patients' scores on cognitive computer tasks, it was examined whether poorer cognitive‐motivational, interpersonal, and behavioral functioning were related to treatment no‐shows, longer treatment time duration intervals, and no‐show at the research appointment in 52 forensic outpatients with ADHD (Mage = 35.3, SD = 9.38). Treatment adherence was tracked for 10 appointments after research participation.ResultsRegression analyses showed that higher self‐reported impulsivity was associated with research no‐show, and more alcohol use with longer treatment time intervals. Yet, self‐reported delay aversion was associated with fewer treatment no‐shows, and, uncontrolled for alcohol use, impulsivity was associated with shorter treatment time intervals in a subsample of patients.ConclusionsThese preliminary results indicate that externalizing behaviors increase the risk for nonadherence in forensic ADHD patients, but that cognitive‐motivational problems also motivate patients to be more engaged.
Morphological analysis of Caligus elongatus von Nordmann, 1832 (Copepoda: Caligidae) from the rosy goatfish Parupeneus rubescens (Mullidae)
Authors: Abdel‐Gaber Rewaida , Al‐Quraishy Saleh , Dkhil Mohamed A. , Elamin Maha , Alghamdi Masheil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCopepods are a common component of ectoparasite assemblages of all kinds of fish, from all environments and ecosystems. In the present investigation, a total of 80 specimens of the rosy goatfish Parupeneus rubescens were randomly collected from the Arabian Gulf, and then transported to the laboratory in order to be dissected and examined for the presence of copepodid infections. Copepod parasites were recovered from the gills of the infected fish. One copepod species within the Caligidae family was identified and labeled as Caligus elongates von Nordmann, 1832. This copepod species examined using light and scanning electron microscopy to observe the most characteristic generic features. Morphological and morphometric characterizations revealed differences between the identified species and other related copepodid species. Therefore, the present study showed that the rosy goatfish is a new host for this Caligus species and added a new locality record for this infection.
Foliar epidermal micromorphology and its taxonomic significance in Polygonatum (Asparagaceae) using scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Ali Maroof , Bahadur Saraj , Hussain Abrar , Saeed Sara , Khuram Izaz , Ullah Manzoor , Shao Jian‐Wen , Akhtar Naveed 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the current investigation, 16 samples of six species of the genus Polygonatum were collected from different geographical regions in China. Leaf micromorphological traits were studied in detail using scanning electron microscopy. About five‐leaf samples were used for each species collected from different geographical regions. A significant variation was found in the foliar epidermal traits such as stomata types and their distribution, epidermal cell shape, anticlinal wall pattern, and various types of trichomes. Polygonal epidermal cells were observed in P. cyrtonema, P. odoratum, P. sibiricum, and P. filipes, rectangular in P. zanlanscianense and P. odoratum and irregular shape in P. filipes and P. zanlanscianense. Straight anticlinal wall pattern was observed in most of the species, but straight to little undulate was observed in P. cyrtonema, P. filipes, and P. zanlanscianense. Similarly, various shape stomata that are, oval, oblong, and elliptical and types that is, paracytic, anomocytic, and actinocytic have been observed. Based on the foliar traits, the P. odoratum and P. sibiricum were found closely related to one another. On the other hand, P. involucratum and P. zanlanscianense shows a strong association. However, P. filipes showed very less similarity with the other five species. Hence this study adds useful information that may be helpful in the further taxonomic classification of the taxa at subspecies level and was found significant in the correct identification and discrimination of the closely related taxa of the genus Polygonatum.
High‐Resolution Breast MRI Reconstruction Using a Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Sun Kun , Qu Liangqiong , Lian Chunfeng , Pan Yongsheng , Hu Dan , Xia Bingqing , Li Xinyue , Chai Weimin , Yan Fuhua , Shen Dinggang 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundA generative adversarial network could be used for high‐resolution (HR) medical image synthesis with reduced scan time.PurposeTo evaluate the potential of using a deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN) for generating HRpre and HRpost images based on their corresponding low‐resolution (LR) images (LRpre and LRpost).Study TypeThis was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively acquired cohort.PopulationIn all, 224 subjects were randomly divided into 200 training subjects and an independent 24 subjects testing set.Field Strength/SequenceDynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI with a 1.5T scanner.AssessmentThree breast radiologists independently ranked the image datasets, using the DCE images as the ground truth, and reviewed the image quality of both the original LR images and the generated HR images. The BI‐RADS category and conspicuity of lesions were also ranked. The inter/intracorrelation coefficients (ICCs) of mean image quality scores, lesion conspicuity scores, and Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) categories were calculated between the three readers.Statistical TestWilcoxon signed‐rank tests evaluated differences among the multireader ranking scores.ResultsThe mean overall image quality scores of the generated HRpre and HRpost were significantly higher than those of the original LRpre and LRpost (4.77 ± 0.41 vs. 3.27 ± 0.43 and 4.72 ± 0.44 vs. 3.23 ± 0.43, P < 0.0001, respectively, in the multireader study). The mean lesion conspicuity scores of the generated HRpre and HRpost were significantly higher than those of the original LRpre and LRpost (4.18 ± 0.70 vs. 3.49 ± 0.58 and 4.35 ± 0.59 vs. 3.48 ± 0.61, P < 0.001, respectively, in the multireader study). The ICCs of the image quality scores, lesion conspicuity scores, and BI‐RADS categories had good agreements among the three readers (all ICCs >0.75).Data ConclusionDCGAN was capable of generating HR of the breast from fast pre‐ and postcontrast LR and achieved superior quantitative and qualitative performance in a multireader study.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1852–1858.
The flow and moisture fluxes associated with ridging South Atlantic Ocean anticyclones during the subtropical southern African summer
Authors: Ndarana Thando , Mpati Siyabonga , Bopape Mary‐Jane , Engelbrecht Francois , Chikoore Hector 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUsing 38 years of ERA‐Interim reanalyses, this study examines the flow and associated moisture fluxes induced by ridging South Atlantic Ocean anticyclones over South Africa. The flow and moisture fluxes are divided into their geostrophic and ageostrophic components. Composite analysis reveals that ridging high pressure systems are modulated by Rossby wave trains that develop upstream in the middle latitudes near South America and the South Atlantic Ocean near the Greenwich Meridian. The wave trains are similar to those that are associated with tropical temperate troughs (TTTs) and nearly all TTTs are followed by ridging, whilst 20% of the ridging events are linked to TTTs. Composite analysis also shows that ridging‐induced moisture fluxes affecting South Africa originate from different areas of the surrounding oceans at different times during the evolution of ridging highs. In the early stages, moisture enters the country along the southeastern coast through ageostrophic processes from a moisture divergence region located adjacent to the coast and remains largely south of 30°S latitude line. The moisture fluxes have a northeastern orientation on land, following the geometry of the eastern coast. These ageostrophic fluxes contribute to the occurrence of rainfall during the ridging process in the region located between Lesotho and Swaziland. Ridging events are associated with about 60% of rainfall days in summer over southern Africa whilst TTTs contribute about 21% summer rainfall days. During the later stages of the evolution of ridging, geostrophic fluxes enter the southern parts of Mozambique and contribute the accumulation of moisture in that region. The associated moisture divergence region is always located ahead of its ageostrophic counterpart, with a local maximum eventually forming in the Mozambique Channel.
Optical nanoantenna for beamed and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Awasthi Vimarsh , Goel Richa , Agarwal Shilpi , Rai Padmnabh , Dubey Satish Kumar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOptical nanoantenna is a key component in plasmonic circuitry, which can receive or transmit an electromagnetic field in the near field of an object (nanomaterials). It has wide range of applications including surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), photocatalytic reactions, remote SERS, solar cell, plasmonic nanoscopy, and quantum plasmonics. The main challenges in optical nanoantenna research include both fundamental understanding of the underlying physics and issues related to fabrication of low cost, high throughput nanostructures beyond the diffraction limit. The nanoscale feature size of optical antennas limits our ability to design, manufacture, and characterize their resonant behavior. This review investigates the fabrication methods and SERS applications of optical nanoantenna.
Creating effective interrupted time series graphs: Review and recommendations
Authors: Turner Simon L. , Karahalios Amalia , Forbes Andrew B. , Taljaard Monica , Grimshaw Jeremy M. , Korevaar Elizabeth , Cheng Allen C. , Bero Lisa , McKenzie Joanne E. 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionInterrupted Time Series (ITS) studies may be used to assess the impact of an interruption, such as an intervention or exposure. The data from such studies are particularly amenable to visual display and, when clearly depicted, can readily show the short‐ and long‐term impact of an interruption. Further, well‐constructed graphs allow data to be extracted using digitizing software, which can facilitate their inclusion in systematic reviews and meta‐analyses.AimWe provide recommendations for graphing ITS data, examine the properties of plots presented in ITS studies, and provide examples employing our recommendations.Methods and resultsGraphing recommendations from seminal data visualization resources were adapted for use with ITS studies. The adapted recommendations cover plotting of data points, trend lines, interruptions, additional lines and general graph components. We assessed whether 217 graphs from recently published (2013‐2017) ITS studies met our recommendations and found that 130 graphs (60%) had clearly distinct data points, 100 (46%) had trend lines, and 161 (74%) had a clearly defined interruption. Accurate data extraction (requiring distinct points that align with axis tick marks and labels that allow the points to be interpreted) was possible in only 72 (33%) graphs.ConclusionWe found that many ITS graphs did not meet our recommendations and could be improved with simple changes. Our proposed recommendations aim to achieve greater standardization and improvement in the display of ITS data, and facilitate re‐use of the data in systematic reviews and meta‐analyses.
Machine Learning Based Radiomic HPV Phenotyping of Oropharyngeal SCC: A Feasibility Study Using MRI
Authors: Sohn Beomseok , Choi Yoon Seong , Ahn Sung Soo , Kim Hwiyoung , Han Kyunghwa , Lee Seung‐Koo , Kim Jinna 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate whether a radiomic MRI feature‐based prediction model can differentiate oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) according to the human papillomavirus (HPV) status.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsPretreatment MRI data from 62 consecutive patients with oropharyngeal SCC were retrospectively reviewed, and chronologically allocated to training (n = 43) and test sets (n = 19). Enhancing tumors were semi‐automatically segmented on each slice of the postcontrast T1WI to span the entire tumor volume, after registration of T2WI to postcontrast T1WI; 170 radiomic features were extracted from the entire tumor volume. Relevant features were selected and radiomics models were trained using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression model with 10‐fold cross‐validation, after subsampling of training sets using synthetic minority over‐sampling technique to mitigate data imbalance. The selected features, weighted by their respective coefficients, were combined linearly to yield a radiomics score. The diagnostic performance of the radiomic score was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsSix radiomic features, which revealed strong association with HPV status of oropharyngeal SCC, were selected using LASSO. The radiomics model yielded excellent performance on the training set (AUC, 0.982 [95% CI, 0.942–1.000]) and moderate performance on the test set (AUC, 0.744 [95% CI, 0.496–0.991]) for differentiating oropharyngeal SCC according to HPV status.ConclusionsRadiomics‐based MRI phenotyping differentiates oropharyngeal SCC according to HPV status, and thus, is a potential imaging biomarker.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E851–E856, 2021
Soil Monitor: an internet platform to challenge soil sealing in Italy
Authors: Langella Giuliano , Basile Angelo , Giannecchini Simone , Moccia Francesco D. , Mileti Florindo A. , Munafó Michele , Pinto Francesco , Terribile Fabio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work proposes a new type of web‐based geospatial decision support system—called Soil Monitor—which provides a multidisciplinary operational tool useful for a multi‐stakeholder community to challenge soil sealing. Various technological and technical features of Soil Monitor are presented and discussed with particular reference to the combination of WebGIS with on‐the‐fly geospatial processing based on GPU computing, specifically designed to allow real‐time requests. In addition, we present three quantitative analysis of soil sealing at three different scales. The study at national level illustrated that the type of land use strongly affected soil‐sealing dynamics. Indeed, the class complex cultivation pattern resulted the most fragile land use while forests resulted the most resilient one. The study at province level illustrated the key importance of having on‐the‐fly the map of rural fragmentation for any Italian province. This map—quantifying the landscape integrity of the rural and natural areas—enables to better locate both new green corridors or new urban developments minimizing the environmental impact of human activities. The study at municipality level demonstrated the importance of quantifying a pool of spatial planning indicators and illustrated that (a) the largest urban dispersion occurs in hilly touristic municipalities close to the sea, (b) the increase in soil sealing in rural sites is not related to population growth. As a result, Soil Monitor is deemed useful both to support decision making at different spatial scales and to raise awareness in people, professionals, and experts of other fields. Keywords soil sealing, geospatial decision support system, compute unified device architecture, graphical processing unit computing, urban planning.
Effects of frame beam on structural characteristics of artificial soil on railway cut‐slopes in southwestern China
Authors: Ai Xiaoyan , Sheng Meihua , Su Xiaoqiao , Ai Shenghao , Jiang Xue , Yang Siqian , Huang Zhiyu , Ai Yingwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCut‐slope restoration technologies commonly used in southwest China mainly include using simple outside soil spray seeding (OSSS) techniques, or OSSS combined with an anchor frame beam. Artificial soil used in OSSS can establish a soil layer suitable for revegetation; the addition of an anchor frame beam not only fixes soil and shallow rock, it also acts to strengthen deep rock. However, there have been few studies on the effects of frame beams on artificial soil structural characteristics on railway cut‐slopes. In order to evaluate the effects of different frame beams on artificial soil structure, soil samples from a natural slope (NS) and three cut‐slopes restored using OSSS with various frame beams (AS, arched slope; DS, diamond slope; and RS, rimless slope) were analyzed. Soil structural characteristics analyzed include particle‐size percentage and cumulative distribution curve of dry‐sieving and wet‐sieving aggregates, structural failure rate, water stability factor, soil particle size distribution (PSD), bias and peak convex coefficients, fractal dimension of PSD (Dm), and fundamental properties. Our results indicate that structural failure rate, water stability factor, fractal dimension of PSD, soil bulk density, total porosity, moisture content, and organic matter are significantly affected by the use of different frame beams. In addition, a difference in wet‐sieving soil aggregates content, PSD, clay and sand particle contents, Dm, and the area difference ΔS of cumulative distribution between AS and DS was evident. Overall, soil structure in cut‐slopes using a diamond frame anchor beam recorded the best levels of recovery after 8 years of ecological restoration.
Spatial variability in macrofaunal diet composition and grazing pressure on microphytobenthos in intertidal areas
Authors: Daggers Tisja D. , van Oevelen Dick , Herman Peter M. J. , Boschker Henricus T. S. , van der Wal Daphne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicrophytobenthos forms an important part of the diet of macrofauna (macrozoobenthos) in many intertidal ecosystems. It is unclear, however, whether the dependence of macrofauna on microphytobenthos varies spatially within and among tidal systems. We aim (1) to assess the spatial variability in the importance of microphytobenthos in the diet of macrofauna (i.e., between and within two tidal basins and as function of elevation), (2) to quantify grazing pressure of the macrofaunal community on different potential food sources (microphytobenthos, phytoplankton and terrestrial organic material) for several sites in two tidal basins and (3) to compare microphytobenthic production and summer/autumn grazing of the total macrofaunal community and grazing pressure per feeding type, with potential microphytobenthic production estimated from rates in early spring, when grazing was low. Using a natural stable isotope approach, we identified microphytobenthos as a more important food source for macrofauna than phytoplankton and terrestrial organic material. Microphytobenthos dependency differed between tidal basins for the genera Bathyporeia (sand digger shrimp), Macoma (Baltic tellin), and Peringia (mudsnail) and for sampled individuals of all genera combined, and did not vary as function of elevation. We showed that macrofaunal grazing on microphytobenthos is quantitatively important and, in some cases, approached microphytobenthic production rates in early spring. No positive relation between microphytobenthic production in early spring and macrofaunal grazing in summer/autumn was observed. This suggests that the studied consumer‐resource interactions are coupled on a larger spatial scale (i.e., mesoscale, ≈10 to 100 km), rather than the fine (mm to m) scale.
Shining a Light on Bioorthogonal Photochemistry for Polymer Science
Authors: Boase Nathan R. B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBioorthogonal chemistry is revolutionizing the fields of biological chemistry and nanomedicine, providing tools to actively probe and perturb native biochemical processes. Photochemistry provides the opportunity to actively and non‐invasively control bioorthogonal reactions, providing sophisticated optochemical tools. Despite the opportunities in bioorthogonal photochemistry, there remain many significant challenges to the clinical translation of current research. This review aims to provide an overview of these challenges and highlight recent examples from the literature that are providing revolutionary solutions to overcoming these barriers. It will highlight new photochemical systems that can be triggered by near infrared light in aqueous solutions and have been demonstrated to function in complex biological systems, including in living animals. It will cover diverse classes of photochemical reactions including photopolymerization, uncaging, conjugation, and photoswitching. The discussion will detail how new approaches are being integrated into polymers or highlight unexploited opportunities. This review intends to showcase how the unique synergy of bioorthogonal photochemistry and polymer science provides vast opportunities in the fields of biomaterials, nanomedicine, and theranostics. This will hopefully provide inspiration to material scientists to integrate bioorthogonal photochemistry into new adaptable materials and ensure translation to solve clinical challenges.