bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) to improve medication safety: a systematic review
Authors: Anjalee Jayaweera A Lakshika , Rutter Victoria , Samaranayake Nithushi R 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTMedication safety is a phenomenon of interest in most healthcare settings worldwide. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is a prospective method to identify failures. We systematically reviewed the application of FMEA in improving medication safety in the medication use process. Electronic databases were searched using keywords ((failure mode and effect analysis) AND (pharmacy OR hospital)). Articles that fulfilled prespecified inclusion criteria were selected and were then screened independently by two researchers. Studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria and cited in articles selected for the study were also included. Selected articles were then analysed according to specified objectives. Among 27€706 articles obtained initially, only 29 matched the inclusion criteria. After adding four cited articles, a total of 33 articles were analysed. FMEA was used to analyse both existing systems and new policies before implementing. All participants of FMEA reported that this process was an effective group activity to identify errors in the system, although time-consuming and subjective.
Strength and permeability of bentonite-assisted biocemented coarse sand
Authors: Ma Guoliang , He Xiang , Jiang Xiang , Liu Hanlong , Chu Jian , Xiao Yang 
Published: August 2020

To effectively stabilize coarse sand, bentonite was introduced in microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) grouting. Varying concentrations (0, 20, 40, and 80 g/L) of bentonite were added to bacterial suspensions (BSs), which were magnetically stirred to form bacterial-bentonite suspensions (BBSs). Then, coarse sand specimens were treated with BBSs and cementation solutions (CSs) to different cementation levels. The results showed that the addition of bentonite could increase the volume fractions of the precipitates consisting of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and bentonite. The permeability decreased exponentially as the volume fraction of precipitates increased. As the active precipitates increased when a lower concentration (e.g., 20 g/L) of bentonite was added to the MICP grouting, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) was substantially improved. However, detrimental effects were observed for specimens treated with a high concentration of bentonite. These results indicate that the effective concentration of natural clay aggregates used in MICP grouting was different for different engineering applications, e.g., seepage control and strength enhancement. The current work provides an encouraging method of improving the MICP technique.
DPS mechanism for associated $$c\bar{c} b\bar{b}$$ production in AA UPCs
Authors: Huayra Edgar , de Oliveira Emmanuel G. , Pasechnik Roman 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe discuss the associated $$c\bar{c}$$cc¯ and $$b\bar{b}$$bb¯ quark pairs production in the double-parton scattering (DPS) process in ultraperipheral (UPCs) AA collisions. We derive an analogue of the inclusive DPS pocket formula and the photon-energy dependent effective cross section considering an overlap between the hard SPS scatterings. We provide numerical predictions for the DPS cross sections for the $$c\bar{c}b\bar{b}$$cc¯bb¯ production process at the typical energies of AA UPCs at the LHC and FCC colliders and also characterize the A dependence of the total UPC DPS cross section.
Properties of the interface between the as-built Ti–6Al–4V sample and the Ti substrate in selective laser sintering
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Thuyet , Nguyen Hoang-Viet , Le Thai-Hung , Dang Quoc-Khanh , Kim Jin-Chun 
Published: August 2020

In this paper, selective laser sintering (SLS) was applied to join two materials by printing Ti–6Al–4V powder on a Ti substrate without any support parts. The characteristics of the interface between the as-built Ti–6Al–4V sample and the substrate were investigated. The analysis indicates that a heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the fish-scale type were formed at the joining area. The combination of smaller grains, acicular [Formula: see text] martensite, and lamellar [Formula: see text] structures was observed inside the interface zone. The hardness value at the interface area was measured by about 320 HV which is higher than 280 HV of the substrate and smaller than 369 HV of the as-built sample. The results predict that the SLS process is a promising method for manufacturing of hybrid materials.
Automatic mantispid egg detection and counting using image nature
Authors: Yang Pei-Ying , Tseng Chin-Dar , Huang Tai-Lin , Liu Chao-Hong , Tsai I-Hsing , Lin Wei-Chun , Shieh Chin-Shiuh , Yeh Shyh-An , Leung Stephen Wan , Lee Tsair-Fwu 
Published: August 2020

Mantispids are small brown bugs about 1.5 cm in length. Mantispid eggs are produced in large quantities, with about 1000 eggs per spawning, and are tiny and densely packed. Traditionally, mantispid eggs are counted manually. However, counting such a large quantity of eggs is difficult. To provide accurate data for researchers, we detail methods to accurately detect and count the number of mantispid eggs using image processing. The following methods were used to count the mantispid eggs: background estimation, morphological image processing, background subtraction, stretching, image thresholding, gray-level transformation, labeling and counting. The results of automated counting were compared with the results of manual counting. The segmentation results were verified, and the accuracy of the mantispid egg counts was determined to be 100%. This provides a useful resource for mantispid egg counting. The automatic counting system cannot only count mantispid eggs, it can also be used to count other similar insect eggs.
Study of the effects of relative humidity and velocity on the friction characteristics of pneumatic cylinders
Authors: Nguyen Thuy-Duong , Pham Van-Hung 
Published: August 2020

The movement of a piston rod in a pneumatic cylinder is directly affected by the air humidity in the atmosphere, especially in the case of piston rods without any means of protection or grease on their surfaces. In a pneumatic cylinder system, the friction between the piston rod and the rod seal is sliding friction, and it has a significant value that varies with the variation in the moisture on the piston rod’s surface. In this paper, an investigation of the friction characteristics of piston rods and rod seals in a pneumatic cylinder was carried out with different humidity and velocity values to understand the effect of lubricants on the moving parts of pneumatic systems in humid environments, where the friction characteristics of the displacements corresponding to the static and dynamic friction forces were displayed on a measuring device. The research results showed that the static friction forces tended to decrease by [Formula: see text] and that the dynamic friction forces tended to decrease by [Formula: see text] when the relative humidity increased from 51% to 99% at different velocities between 5 and 100 mm/s.
Integrating device to device network with internet of health things: Towards minimum power allocation
Authors: Mahmoud Mahmoud Shuker , Hammood Dalal Abdulmohsin , Alkhayyat Ahmed 
Published: August 2020

Among the crucial invention of the 5G is the device to device (D2D) system, whereby cellular gadgets correspond via immediate transfer or by multihop transfer excluding the ground-terminal. It is probable that D2D users are concurrent with human body network. Due to this, we suggested an internet of health things (IoHT) system which enables collaboration work among D2D users and human body indicators. We may regard the power as the most unique source in the wireless body area network (WBAN). The least needed transferring capacity may accomplish a particular degree of function, and minimum capacity for transfer holds a crucial responsibility in decreasing power usage. In this study, we discovered the needed transfer energy of four transferring modes: the straight transferring system, the double-hop transferring system, as well as double increasing coordinated transferring system with Rayleigh medium vanishing in its layout. Besides that, we suggested an energy-competent system named as efficient-power transmission mode selection-based (EPTMS) system. The suggested system chooses suitable transferring system whereby it offers the least needed transferring energy that assures a particular transfer duration. The statistical as well as simulation results shows that the two-master node cooperative protocols (TMNCP), EPTMS may enhance system conduction within the main criteria.
Perceptions on Diversity in Cardiology: A Survey of Cardiology Fellowship Training Program Directors
Authors: Crowley Anna Lisa , Damp Julie , Sulistio Melanie S. , Berlacher Kathryn , Polk Donna M. , Hong Robert A. , Weissman Gaby , Jackson Dorothy , Sivaram Chittur A. , Arrighi James A. , Kates Andrew M. , Duvernoy Claire S. , Lewis Sandra J. , Capers Quinn 
Published: August 2020

Background
The lack of diversity in the cardiovascular physician workforce is thought to be an important driver of racial and sex disparities in cardiac care. Cardiology fellowship program directors play a critical role in shaping the cardiology workforce.

Methods and Results
To assess program directors’ perceptions about diversity and barriers to enhancing diversity, the authors conducted a survey of 513 fellowship program directors or associate directors from 193 unique adult cardiology fellowship training programs. The response rate was 21% of all individuals (110/513) representing 57% of US general adult cardiology training programs (110/193). While 69% of respondents endorsed the belief that diversity is a driver of excellence in health care, only 26% could quote 1 to 2 references to support this statement. Sixty‐three percent of respondents agreed that “our program is diverse already so diversity does not need to be increased.” Only 6% of respondents listed diversity as a top 3 priority when creating the cardiovascular fellowship rank list.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that while program directors generally believe that diversity enhances quality, they are less familiar with the literature that supports that contention and they may not share a unified definition of "diversity." This may result in diversity enhancement having a low priority. The authors propose several strategies to engage fellowship training program directors in efforts to diversify cardiology fellowship training programs.
Environment and Mechanisms of Severe Turbulence in a Midlatitude Cyclone
Authors: Trier Stanley B. , Sharman Robert D. , Muñoz-Esparza Domingo , Lane Todd P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA large midlatitude cyclone occurred over the central United States from 0000 to 1800 UTC 30 April 2017. During this period, there were more than 1100 reports of moderate-or-greater turbulence at commercial aviation cruising altitudes east of the Rocky Mountains. Much of this turbulence was located above or, otherwise, outside the synoptic-scale cloud shield of the cyclone, thus complicating its avoidance. In this study we use two-way nesting in a numerical model with finest horizontal spacing of 370 m to investigate possible mechanisms producing turbulence in two distinct regions of the cyclone. In both regions, model-parameterized turbulence kinetic energy compares well to observed turbulence reports. Despite being outside of hazardous large radar reflectivity locations in deep convection, both regions experienced strong modification of the turbulence environment as a result of upper-tropospheric/lower-stratospheric (UTLS) convective outflow. For one region, where turbulence was isolated and short lived, simulations revealed breaking of ~100-km horizontal-wavelength lower-stratospheric gravity waves in the exit region of a UTLS jet streak as the most likely mechanism for the observed turbulence. Although similar waves occurred in a simulation without convection, the altitude at which wave breaking occurred in the control simulation was strongly affected by UTLS outflow from distant deep convection. In the other analyzed region, turbulence was more persistent and widespread. There, overturning waves of much shorter 5–10-km horizontal wavelengths occurred within layers of gradient Richardson number < 0.25, which promoted Kelvin–Helmholtz instability associated with strong vertical shear in different horizontal locations both above and beneath the convectively enhanced UTLS jet.
Solar Radiation in the Arctic during the Early Twentieth-Century Warming (1921–50): Presenting a Compilation of Newly Available Data
Authors: Przybylak R. , Svyashchennikov P. N. , Uscka-Kowalkowska J. , Wyszyński P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe early twentieth-century warming (ETCW), defined as occurring within the period 1921–50, saw a clear increase in actinometric observations in the Arctic. Nevertheless, information on radiation balance and its components at that time is still very limited in availability, and therefore large discrepancies exist among estimates of total solar irradiance forcing. To eliminate these uncertainties, all available solar radiation data for the Arctic need to be collected and processed. Better knowledge about incoming solar radiation (direct, diffuse, and global) should allow for more reliable estimation of the magnitude of total solar irradiance forcing, which can help, in turn, to more precisely and correctly explain the reasons for the ETCW in the Arctic. The paper summarizes our research into the availability of solar radiation data for the Arctic. An important part of this work is its detailed inventory of data series (including metadata) for the period before the mid-twentieth century. Based on the most reliable data series, general solar conditions in the Arctic during the ETCW are described. The character of solar radiation changes between the ETCW and present times, in particular after 2000, is also analyzed. Average annual global solar radiation in the Russian Arctic during the ETCW was slightly greater than in the period 1964–90 (by about 1–2 W·m−2) and was markedly greater than in the period 2001–19 (by about 16 W·m−2). Our results also reveal that in the period 1920–2019 three phases of solar radiation changes can be distinguished: a brightening phase (1921–50), a stabilization phase (1951–93), and a dimming phase (after 2000).
Understanding the Distinct Impacts of MCS and Non-MCS Rainfall on the Surface Water Balance in the Central United States Using a Numerical Water-Tagging Technique
Authors: Hu Huancui , Leung L. Ruby , Feng Zhe 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTWarm-season rainfall associated with mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the central United States is characterized by higher intensity and nocturnal timing compared to rainfall from non-MCS systems, suggesting their potentially different footprints on the land surface. To differentiate the impacts of MCS and non-MCS rainfall on the surface water balance, a water tracer tool embedded in the Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (WT-Noah-MP) is used to numerically “tag” water from MCS and non-MCS rainfall separately during April–August (1997–2018) and track their transit in the terrestrial system. From the water-tagging results, over 50% of warm-season rainfall leaves the surface–subsurface system through evapotranspiration by the end of August, but non-MCS rainfall contributes a larger fraction. However, MCS rainfall plays a more important role in generating surface runoff. These differences are mostly attributed to the rainfall intensity differences. The higher-intensity MCS rainfall tends to produce more surface runoff through infiltration excess flow and drives a deeper penetration of the rainwater into the soil. Over 70% of the top 10th percentile runoff is contributed by MCS rainfall, demonstrating its important contribution to local flooding. In contrast, lower-intensity non-MCS rainfall resides mostly in the top layer and contributes more to evapotranspiration through soil evaporation. Diurnal timing of rainfall has negligible effects on the flux partitioning for both MCS and non-MCS rainfall. Differences in soil moisture profiles for MCS and non-MCS rainfall and the resultant evapotranspiration suggest differences in their roles in soil moisture–precipitation feedbacks and ecohydrology.
Determination of Spatiotemporal Variability of the Indian Equatorial Intermediate Current
Authors: Chen Gengxin , Han Weiqing , Zhang Xiaolin , Liang Linlin , Xue Huijie , Huang Ke , He Yunkai , Li Jian , Wang Dongxiao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUsing 4-yr mooring observations and ocean circulation model experiments, this study characterizes the spatial and temporal variability of the Equatorial Intermediate Current (EIC; 200–1200 m) in the Indian Ocean and investigates the causes. The EIC is dominated by seasonal and intraseasonal variability, with interannual variability being weak. The seasonal component dominates the midbasin with a predominant semiannual period of ~166 days but weakens toward east and west where the EIC generally exhibits large intraseasonal variations. The resonant second and fourth baroclinic modes at the semiannual period make the largest contribution to the EIC, determining the overall EIC structures. The higher baroclinic modes, however, modify the EIC’s vertical structures, forming multiple cores during some time periods. The EIC intensity has an abrupt change near 73°E, which is strong to the east and weak to the west. Model simulation suggests that the abrupt change is caused primarily by the Maldives, which block the propagation of equatorial waves. The Maldives impede the equatorial Rossby waves, reducing the EIC’s standard deviation associated with reflected Rossby waves by ~48% and directly forced waves by 20%. Mode decomposition further demonstrates that the semiannual resonance amplitude of the second baroclinic mode reduces by 39% because of the Maldives. However, resonance amplitude of the four baroclinic mode is less affected, because the Maldives fall in the node region of mode 4’s resonance. The research reveals the spatiotemporal variability of the poorly understood EIC, contributing to our understanding of equatorial wave–current dynamics.
Application of the Supraclavicular Artery Island Flap for Fistulas in Patients With Laryngopharyngeal Cancer With Prior Radiotherapy
Authors: Li Chen , Chen Wei , Lin Xueying , Zheng Longxiang , Chen Xiaoqiang , Wang Desheng 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the supraclavicular artery island flap (SAIF) in reconstructing pharyngocutaneous fistula in patients with laryngopharyngeal cancer with prior radiotherapy. Methods: Six patients with laryngopharyngeal cancer with pharyngocutaneous fistula due to previous radiotherapy and surgery during 2016 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Initially, the fistula was treated conservatively. The SAIF was applied with double folding technique to reconstruct fistula in the patients who failed to heal after conservative treatment. Results: The fistulae closed in 4 patients after conservative treatment. After SAIF operation, fistula closure was achieved in the other 2 patients who received highest dose of radiation and had largest fistulae size. The flaps grew well and there were no donor-site complications in these 2 patients. All patients achieved oral feeding without any complications. Conclusion: The SAIF is an effective and safe approach to reconstruct the pharyngocutaneous fistula after laryngopharyngeal surgery in patients with laryngopharyngeal cancer with previous radiotherapy, especially for those who have received high-dose radiation and have large fistula.
Complications After Soft Tissue With Plate vs Bony Mandibular Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Bauer Eric , Mazul Angela , Zenga Joseph , Graboyes Evan M. , Jackson Ryan , Puram Sidharth V. , Doering Michelle , Pipkorn Patrik 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveMandibular reconstruction for segmental defects is a well‐studied topic. However, there are conflicting data on the risks of delayed plate‐related complications. The objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to assess long‐term plate‐related complications following reconstruction of the mandible with soft tissue and a plate as compared with immediate vascularized bony reconstruction.Data SourcesA medical librarian created search strategies with a combination of keywords and controlled vocabulary in Ovid Medline (1946–), Embase (1947–), Scopus (1960–), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Clinicaltrials.gov.Review MethodsCandidate articles were independently reviewed by 2 authors. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were uniformly applied. Articles were considered eligible if they included adequate reporting of plate extrusion and/or fracture and had follow‐up ≥12 months.ResultsA total of 2379 patients were included. The risk of plate fracture was low in cases of soft tissue with a plate (5%; 95% CI, 0.03‐0.08) and osseous reconstruction (1%). The risk of extrusion following soft tissue and plate reconstruction was 20% (95% CI, 0.15‐0.27). In the osseous reconstruction group, the risk of extrusion was 10% (95% CI, 0.06‐0.18). Revision surgery was performed twice as often following soft tissue with a plate as compared with vascularized bony reconstruction (32% [95% CI, 0.25‐0.40] vs 14% [95% CI, 0.09‐0.21], respectively).ConclusionDelayed plate‐related complications remain a significant problem following segmental defect reconstruction. Soft tissue and plate reconstruction techniques may increase the risk of plate removal and revision surgery.
Pass/Fail Scoring of USMLE Step 1 and the Need for Residency Selection Reform
Authors: Salehi Parsa P. , Azizzadeh Babak , Lee Yan Ho 
Published: August 2020

The Federation of State Medical Boards and the National Board of Medical Examiners recently announced a change in the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 scoring convention to take effect, at the earliest, on January 1, 2022. There are many reasons for this change, including decreasing medical student stress and incentivizing students to learn freely without solely focusing on Step 1 performance. The question remains how this will affect the future of the otolaryngology–head and neck surgery match. By eradicating Step 1 grades, other factors, such as research, may garner increased importance in the application process. Such a shift may discriminate against students from less well‐known medical schools, international medical graduates, and students from low socioeconomic backgrounds, who have fewer academic resources and access to research. Residency programs should try to anticipate such unintended consequences of the change and work on solutions heading into 2022.