bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Object Selection by Automatic Spreading of Top-Down Attentional Signals in V1
Authors: Ekman Matthias , Roelfsema Pieter R. , de Lange Floris P. 
Published: October 2020

What is selected when attention is directed to a specific location of the visual field? Theories of object-based attention have suggested that when spatial attention is directed to part of an object, attention does not simply enhance the attended location but automatically spreads to enhance all locations that comprise the object. Here, we tested this hypothesis by reconstructing the distribution of attention from primary visual cortex (V1) population neuronal activity patterns in 24 human adults (17 female) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and population-based receptive field (prf) mapping. We find that attention spreads from a spatially cued location to the underlying object, and enhances all spatial locations that comprise the object. Importantly, this spreading was also evident when the object was not task relevant. These data suggest that attentional selection automatically operates at an object level, facilitating the reconstruction of coherent objects from fragmented representations in early visual cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTObject perception is an astonishing feat of the visual system. When visual information about orientation, shape, and color enters through our eyes, it has yet to be integrated into a coherent representation of an object. But which visual features constitute a single object and which features belong to the background? The brain mechanisms underpinning object perception are yet to be understood. We now demonstrate that one candidate mechanism, the successive activation of all parts of an object, occurs in early visual cortex and results in a detailed representation of the object following Gestalt principles. Furthermore, our results suggest that object selection occurs automatically, without involving voluntary control.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP SUCCESSION PLANNING: STUDY ON A MALAYSIAN GLC
Authors: Abdul Shukor Shamsulkahar , Hussain Suhaidah 
Published: October 2020

The scope of this research paper is to study the factors influencing effective Leadership Succession Planning (LSP) of one of the main Government Linked Companies (GLC). Background of the study provides an understanding of the external factors as well that have an influence on the topic of study, which covers among others, on the Malaysian economic policy itself. This study is aimed to study the current factors and the gap that is influencing the effectiveness of current LSP initiatives by a service-oriented of Malaysian Government Linked Company and to highlight some key critical factors as proposed in the literature. Factors influencing the effectiveness of LSP are also subject on the ability of the leaders to adapt to external changes particularly in the era of a borderless economic and faster rate of technology changes, and there are some differences from one organization to another, subject to the nature of the business and their stakeholders. However, there are some common important factors can be used as guidelines and practices particularly from the research literature. Therefore, a qualitative study was conducted to be carried out to fulfil the objectives and to answer the research questions. An interview with the Group Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of one GLC, who is the subject matter expert. The recording from the interview was transcribed and further analyzed using ATLAS.ti software. The findings evidence that there is the current practice of leadership succession planning in the company, anyhow there is a gap between the aspirations of the Group CEO and the availability of C-level replacement from within, and between the reality and the theories. Results of the findings identify the outcomes that need to be taken into action for a more effective LSP program. In the future, similar research approach can be conducted to other GLCs in order to analyze the similarities and complementary aspirations with regards to LSP.
FURTHER EVIDENCE ON THE LINK BETWEEN FIRM’S CONTROL MECHANISMS AND FIRM FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: SULTANATE OF OMAN
Authors: Ahmed Essia Ries , Alabdullah Tariq Tawfeeq Yousif , Shaharudin Muhammad Shabir , Putri Eskasari 
Published: October 2020

Based on the agency theory perspective and its corporate governance problem, the current study investigated how control mechanisms affect firm financial performance with special concentrate on the role of audit committee on the enhancement of firm financial performance. The empirical findings of this study based on the listed companies in the Sultanate of Oman revealed that the control mechanisms, including committee size and board independence, positively enhance financial performance represented by ROE and therefore this leads to encourage firms to focus on such mechanisms. By contrast, audit size, board size and board independence are totally not motivated to engage with financial performance due to the insignificant link with ROA. On the other hand, a negative correlation has been found between board meeting and financial performance represented by ROE. The practical evidence of the implications by the current study found that for improvement of firm financial performance; that even though if most of the GCC governments recently have focused on corporate social responsibility because largely voluntary nature of corporate social responsibility, they should focus of the control mechanisms that suggested by the current study to play a significant role for enhancing firm financial performance.
Chemical-Genetic Interactions with the Proline Analog L-Azetidine-2-Carboxylic Acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Berg Matthew D , Zhu Yanrui , Isaacson Joshua , Genereaux Julie , Loll-Krippleber Raphaël , Brown Grant W , Brandl Christopher J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Non-proteinogenic amino acids, such as the proline analog L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZC), are detrimental to cells because they are mis-incorporated into proteins and lead to proteotoxic stress. Our goal was to identify genes that show chemical-genetic interactions with AZC in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and thus also potentially define the pathways cells use to cope with amino acid mis-incorporation. Screening the yeast deletion and temperature sensitive collections, we found 72 alleles with negative chemical-genetic interactions with AZC treatment and 12 alleles that suppress AZC toxicity. Many of the genes with negative chemical-genetic interactions are involved in protein quality control pathways through the proteasome. Genes involved in actin cytoskeleton organization and endocytosis also had negative chemical-genetic interactions with AZC. Related to this, the number of actin patches per cell increases upon AZC treatment. Many of the same cellular processes were identified to have interactions with proteotoxic stress caused by two other amino acid analogs, canavanine and thialysine, or a mistranslating tRNA variant that mis-incorporates serine at proline codons. Alleles that suppressed AZC-induced toxicity functioned through the amino acid sensing TOR pathway or controlled amino acid permeases required for AZC uptake. Further suggesting the potential of genetic changes to influence the cellular response to proteotoxic stress, overexpressing many of the genes that had a negative chemical-genetic interaction with AZC suppressed AZC toxicity.
Del derecho al deber: La impronta ética de los derechos humanos a partir de la responsabilidad de proteger
Authors: Bonet de Viola Ana María , Viola Federico Ignacio 
Published: October 2020

The objective of this work is to propose, from an ethical perspective, a rethinking of the principle of “responsibility to protect”. It starts from the premise that the violence generated by the intervention on any alterity is a reflection of the modern roots of contemporary rights and its individualistic postulates, based on the extreme defense of identity. It is proposed to review these postulates through a reformulation of the legal concept of responsibility to protect, in order to propose an ethical approach to human rights, as rights of alterity. This means, in definitive, a rethinking of the terms of global coexistence: sociality is not constituted by addition of identities, but as an excess of responsibilities.
Disertaciones sobre la cultura de paz en Costa Rica
Authors: Rivera Alfaro Ronald 
Published: October 2020

The present article analyzes the right to peace and the living of a culture of peace, as the fundamental axes of Costa Rican society, from a grounded or theoretical perspective of human rights as cultural products. In this manner, it reflects on the violation and disrespect for human rights as the result of simplistic and reduced visions resulting from the same legal order, from conjunctural political approaches and from the weakening of democratic institutions, stemming from the constraint of the citizen's will. In this sense, part of the results is aimed at elucidating social changes that generate new fabrics of meaning, which configure and rewrite a more intelligible complexity of the political “obscenities” that are exposed on a daily basis, as well as a new feeling and thinking of the culture of peace that warn of the breadth and materialization of a broad perspective on human rights.
“Afortunadamente”: Historia oral de una familia salvadoreña y su migración Norte-Sur
Authors: L. López Maité Cristina 
Published: October 2020

The objective of this essay is to accompany, through testimony, oral tradition of Latin American, our Salvadoran co-writer on her migration journey from El Salvador to Costa Rica. To open ourselves to the experiential richness that emerges from words and memories as a mirror of our Central American and Costa Rican realities. From the voice of our collaborator, a Central America appears with a history of colonial, imperialist and capitalist imposition that sows, on our rich lands, a culture of pervasive violence, from the wombs of women to the nation States, whose birthed fruits are necropolitics, xenophobia and sociocultural and economic poverty of our peoples.
CONTAR LA HISTORIA PARA QUE NUNCA MÁS: Vivencias y relatos de las mujeres exprisioneras políticas en campo de concentración de Pisagua
Authors: Rojas Valdés Anyelina 
Published: October 2020

The memory, moreover, the recent memory of a determined social group, in a space, time and context, constitutes part of the social and collective heritage. Indeed, memory is also part of heritage, a concept that has evolved from the monumentalist conception to new approaches currently present in the social sciences. It is along this line that memory is understood and defended by the women who suffered political imprisonment and torture, in the Pisagua Prison Camp, located in the Tarapacá region of Chile, 163 kilometers from Iquique, the regional capital. The political confinement center operated as of September 1973, in the wake of the military coup that took place in Chile; however, it had also fulfilled that same role on two other occasions. Now senior citizens, these women decide to present their testimony, today, at this phase of their lives, motivated by a deep feeling that translates into one slogan: So that never again. With this engagement, they make visible their particular situation as surviving women, who, despite all the pain, have reintegrated into society, established families and kept their ideals as lively or even more so than yesterday.
La grave crisis de los derechos humanos en Brasil y sus implicaciones para los pueblos indígenas: En búsqueda de criterios jurídicos favorables desde la experiencia Latinoamericana
Authors: Corrêa de Almeida Marina 
Published: October 2020

The present article is part of the result of postdoctoral research work that seeks to find, in international and Latin American jurisprudence, favorable criteria for agreements that guarantee respect for the multiethnic and multicultural condition of our nations and, in this way, the human rights of indigenous peoples of the region. In this sense, the proposed analysis pursues to find possibilities to contribute to the development of Brazilian jurisprudence on the subject matter, considering that Brazilian indigenous peoples are currently facing a new period of dispossession and violence towards their community forms of life in their territories. We employ the socio-historical analysis of the current situation in the field of struggle that is the discourse of human rights in Brazil, and its effectiveness for the defense of the collective rights of indigenous peoples, especially their right to territory and natural resources. Then, we move on to the exercise of jurisprudential analysis, to the standards of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on the subject, in order to find in them favorable meanings to the protection of the collective rights of peoples. Thus, the present work finds in these legal discourses criteria that can be recommended to the Supreme Court of Brazil, as legitimate approaches for the respect and protection, of both the collective right to territory and natural resources that indigenous peoples have in accordance with international and Inter-American law, and as grounds to affirm the importance of consultation to guarantee the right to self-determination of peoples.
Depresszív tüneteket és öngyilkossági gondolatokat befolyásoló tényezők gyulladásos bélbetegségben szenvedők körében
Authors: Sánta Anett , Szántó Kata Judit , Miheller Pál , Sarlós Patrícia , Juhász Anita , Hamvas Edina , Szegedi-Hallgató Emese , Farkas Klaudia , Rafael Beatrix , Molnár Tamás 
Published: October 2020

Absztrakt:
Bevezetés: A gyulladásos bélbetegség olyan kórkép, mely a
diagnózistól kezdve élethosszig hatással van a betegek fizikális és pszichés
egészségi állapotára és életminőségére. Célkitűzés:
Megvizsgálni gyulladásos bélbetegek körében a depresszív tünetek és az
öngyilkossági gondolatok előfordulásának gyakoriságát, valamint az ezekkel
összefüggésben lévő betegség- és terápiaspecifikus tényezőket.
Módszer: A vizsgálatban 300 fő vett részt (átlagéletkor
38,8 év, férfiak 47%, nők 53%). A depresszív tüneteket (PHQ-9), öngyilkossági
gondolatokat (PHQ-9 9. tétele), a reménytelenség mértékét (Beck Reménytelenség
Skála) és a betegséggel összefüggő jóllét mértékét (SIBDQ) vizsgáltuk online
formában. Eredmények: A vizsgálati személyek 28,6%-a mutatott
depresszív tüneteket, és 9,3%-uk a magas rizikójú csoportba tartozik a
reménytelenség tekintetében. Öngyilkossági gondolatokat a válaszadók 16%-a
jelzett, ebből magas rizikót a minta 5,3%-a mutatott. A lineáris regressziós
modell eredménye alapján a depresszív tüneteket magyarázó tényezők közé tartozik
a reménytelenség mértéke, a bélen kívüli tünet fennállása, fájdalomcsillapító
rendszeres szedése, a női nem, valamint a betegség aktivitása.
Következtetés: A vizsgálatunkban szereplő gyulladásos
bélbetegek öngyilkossági gondolatainak és depresszív tüneteinek előfordulási
aránya a nemzetközi adatokkal egyezően magas, amire kiemelt figyelmet érdemes
fordítani a betegek pszichés vezetése során. A pszichológiai tényezők rendszeres
vizsgálata és kezelése fontos része kell hogy legyen a betegek gondozásának,
mivel javíthat a páciensek szubjektív állapotán, és a betegség lefolyására is
pozitív hatással lehet. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(42): 1797–1805.
Lightweight FRC infill wall: in-plane and out-of-plane loading tests
Authors: Reggia Adriano , Morbi Alessandro , Preti Marco , Plizzari Giovanni A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe continued interest in technological innovation in construction has greatly broadened the horizons of material science, developing a specific sector closely related to the recycling of waste products. This paper examines the thermal, mechanical and structural behaviour of an insulating light weight fibre reinforced concrete (ILWFRC), which is made by replacing natural sand and gravel with artificial aggregates resulting from the process of glass recycling. ILWFRC offers low density (approximately 650 kg/m3), excellent thermal characteristics (thermal conductivity 0.1 W/mK), a compressive strength similar to brick masonry (3.5 MPa) with low cement content (265 kg/m3) and stable post-cracking behaviour. The mechanical and physical properties of ILWFRC were employed for the construction of a full-scale infill wall (having dimensions of 2.9 × 2.6 × 0.2 m), which was experimentally studied under in-plane and out-of-plane actions. In-plane response showed a maximum lateral load of 359 kN at 1.5% drift, with a residual capacity of more than 75% at 4% drift. The subsequent out-of-plane test was performed up to failure with a maximum lateral load of 67 kN, corresponding to about 7 times the infill self-weight.
Improved method for settlement prediction of shallow foundations on sand
Authors: Berardi Riccardo , Cambiaggi Ludovica 
Published: October 2020

Shallow foundations on sands are typically designed with reference to settlements that are difficult to predict with a high level of accuracy. The main uncertainties originate from the soil's non-linear behaviour and the fact that methods currently adopted in practice rely on linear elastic approaches and empirical correlations between soil stiffness and in situ test results. To improve the prediction of foundation settlement it is necessary to account for the dependence of stiffness on soil density, stress state and strain levels – even in relatively simple methods. The main objective of this paper is to provide a contribution in this field. An already formulated elastic approach is revised and modified in order to improve the assessment of soil stiffness, taking into account non-linearity due to strain levels and mechanical non-homogeneity, through definition of an ‘active zone’ that is more consistent with the geometry and size of the foundation. A comparison of calculated and measured settlements demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed non-linear method for both small and large deformation levels.
Modified Golomb-Rice Algorithm for Color Image Compression
Authors: Mr. Rahul Sharma  
Published: October 2020

The memory required to store the color image is more. We have reduced the memory requirements using Golomb-rice algorithm. Golomb-rice algorithm consists of the following two steps. In Golomb-Rice algorithm the first step is to compress the image using discrete wavelet transform. By using DWT compression the 8 × 8 image is converted into m × n sub-windows and it is converted into raster file format for producing m × n-1 differential data. Encoding is done by using Golomb-Rice coding. After encoding, the process length, code word and size are calculated by using GR coding.In the second step decoding is done by GR coding based on the obtained length and code word. After that decoded image is decompressed in order to get the original image by using the inverse discrete wavelet transform.
An Update of Pharmacological and Non-pharmacological Therapies for COVID-19 Pandemic Trivia
Authors: Goswami Shamabaditya , Pal Nikita , Nath Mishra Kushal , Singh Prashant , Chegini Zahra , Pal Singh Ravindra 
Published: October 2020

Background: The whole planet is facing one of the scariest pandemic situations in this era. On 11th February, 2020 the World Health Organization announced the name of an unknown disease as COVID-19, which is caused by the ssRNA virus SARS-CoV-2 (formally recognized as a sister of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV). The epicenter of this disease is Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. COVID-19 can affect all age groups, but particularly affects immune compromised and aged persons with co-morbid conditions. It is highly contagious disease that involves mild to severe respiratory symptoms along with breathing difficulties.
Objectives: As SARS-CoV-2 is a new strain of β-coronavirus that spreads from animals to humans via an unknown intermediate host, no vaccines have been developed yet and only supportive treatment is given to the infected patients. The review paper highlights the pharmacological therapy as a supportive treatment given to the COVID-19 patients and non-pharmacological therapeutic approaches for the prevention.
Methods: Methods: Authors were surveyed and reviewed numerous articles, magazines, news papers, conference proceedings from different search engines and made the review successful.
Results: Some drugs of different categories are approved and prescribed to the patients and some others are still under investigation and have gone through clinical trials.
Conclusion: As no specific treatment or drugs for this disease have been developed till the date; therefore, social distancing, home quarantine, and proper healthy lifestyle management are the best current short-term options to avoid further spread of this pervasive virus.
Clinical impact of a pharmacist-led medication review with follow up for aged polypharmacy patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Varas-Doval Raquel , Gastelurrutia Miguel A. , Benrimoj Shalom I. , García-Cárdenas Victoria , Sáez-Benito Loreto , Martinez-Martínez Fernando 
Published: October 2020

Background: Medication review with follow-up (MRF) is a service where community pharmacists undertake a medication review with monthly follow-up to provide continuing care. The ConSIGUE Program assessed the impact and implementation of MRF for aged polypharmacy patients in Spanish Community Pharmacies. The present paper reports on the clinical impact evaluation phase of ConSIGUE.
Objective: The main objective of the study was to measure the effect of MRF on the primary outcome of the number of uncontrolled health problems. Secondary objectives were to analyze the drug-related problems (DRPs) identified as potential causes of ineffective or unsafe medications and the pharmacists’ interventions implemented during MRF provision.
Methods: An open-label multi-centered cluster randomized study with comparison group (CG) was carried out in community pharmacies from 4 provinces in Spain during 6 months. The main inclusion criteria were patients over 64 years old, using 5 or more medicines. The intervention group (IG) received the MRF service (advanced medication review-type 3 MR) whereas patients in the CG received usual care.
Results: 178 pharmacies recruited 1403 patients (IG= 688 patients; CG= 715 patients). During the 6 months of the study 72 patients were lost to follow up. The adjusted multi-level random effects models showed a significant reduction in the number of uncontrolled health problems over the periods in the IG (-0.72, 95% CI: -0.80, -0.65) and no change in the CG (-0.03, 95%CI: -0.10, 0.04). Main DRPs identified as potential causes of failures of uncontrolled health problems’ treatment were undertreated condition (559 DRPs; 35.81%), lack of treatment adherence (261 DRP; 16.67%) and risk of adverse effects (207 DRPs; 13.53%). Interventions performed by pharmacist to solve DRP mainly included the addition (246 interventions; 14.67%) and change (330 interventions; 19.68%) of a medicine and educational interventions on medicine adherence (231 interventions; 13.78%) and non-pharmacological interventions (369 interventions; 22.01%).
Conclusions: This study provides evidence of the impact of community pharmacist on clinical outcomes for aged patients. It suggests that the provision of an MRF in collaboration with general medical practitioners and patients contributes to the improvement of aged polypharmacy patients’ health status and reduces their problems related with the use of medicines.