FORMULASI TABLET UMBI BAWANG MERAH YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI ANTIHIPERGLIKEMIA
Authors: Ari N. K. N. A. , Nahak A. S. S. , Prabawa I. G. A. G. C. A. 
Published: December 2020

Shallot bulbs (Allium cepa L.) can be used as a diabetes mellitus drug because they contain flavonoid compound which is hypoglycemic. Shallot bulbs are formulated into tablet preparations to produce benefits in terms of practicality and accuracy of therapeutic doses. The binder is very important in binding particles into a granule and the granules later become a compact tablet. The purpose of this study was to determine a good formulation for antidiabetic tablets of onion tuber extract. Shallot extract was obtained from the maceration process with 96% ethanol for 3 days, and then concentrated with a rotary evaporator. Before extraction, standardization of simplicity was carried out which included determination of drying losses, total ash content, acid insoluble ash content, water-soluble extract content and ethanol soluble extract content. The extract was then standardized (water content, total ash content and acid insoluble ash content) and phytochemical screening was performed which showed positive results (+) for steroids and triterpenoids, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids. Tablets were made by wet granulation method with PVP binder 3%, 4%, and 5%. The physical properties of the granules were tested including flow time, angle of rest, compressibility index and particle size distribution test. The tablets were analyzed for physical properties including weight uniformity, uniformity in size, and friability. The results of this study indicated that the higher the binder used the more the physical properties of the tablet were affected. The formula that met the test requirements for physical properties of the tablets was PVP at a concentration of 5%.
Keywords: Allium cepa L., binder, PVP, onion tuber extract, tablets
Umbi bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) dapat digunakan sebagai obat diabetes mellitus karena mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang bersifat hipoglikemia. Umbi bawang merah diformulasikan menjadi sediaan tablet untuk menghasilkan manfaat dari segi kepraktisan dan ketepatan dosis terapi. Bahan pengikat sangat berperan penting dalam mengikat partikel menjadi suatu granul dan granul nantinya menjadi suatu tablet yang kompak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui formulasi yang baik untuk tablet antidiabetes ekstrak umbi bawang merah. Ekstrak umbi bawang merah diperoleh dari proses maserasi dengan etanol 96% selama 3 hari, kemudian dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator. Sebelum diekstraksi dilakukan standarisasi simplisia yang meliputi penentuan susut pengeringan, kadar abu total, kadar abu tidak larut asam, kadar sari larut air, dan kadar sari larut etanol. Ekstrak kemudian di standarisasi (kadar air, kadar abu total, dan kadar abu tidak larut asam) serta dilakukan skrinning fitokimia yang menunjukan hasil positif (+) terhadap steroid dan triterpenoid, saponin, tannin, dan flavonoid. Tablet dibuat dengan metode granulasi basah dengan bahan pengikat PVP 3%, 4%, dan 5%. Sifat fisik granul yang diuji meliputi waktu alir, sudut diam, indeks kompresibilitas dan uji distribusi ukuran partikel. Tablet dianalisis sifat fisiknya meliputi keseragaman bobot, keseragaman ukuran, dan kerapuhan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa semakin tinggi pengikat yang digunakan mempengaruhi sifat fisik dari tablet. formula yang memenuhi persyaratan uji sifat fisik tablet adalah PVP pada konsentrasi 5%.
Kata kunci: Allium cepa L., bahan pengikat, PVP, ektrak umbi bawang merah, tablet