bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haptoglobin Genotype Affects Inflammation after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Gusdon Aaron M. , Savarraj Jude , Zhu Liang , Pandit Peeyush K. Thankamani , Doré Sylvain , McBride Devin W. , Choi HuiMahn A. , Blackburn Spiros L. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Haptoglobin (Hp) binds to and facilitates clearance of heme. Compared
with HP 1-1 and 1-2 genotypes, HP 2-2 has a weaker binding affinity and has been linked with increased
inflammation and vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Objective:
This study aims to assess levels of inflammatory cytokines in the context of different
HP genotypes.

Methods:
Patients were enrolled among those presenting with spontaneous aneurysmal SAH.
Blood was drawn at four time points; <24 hours (T1), 24-48 hours (T2), 3-5 days (T3), and 6-8
days (T4). Blood was analyzed for levels of 41 cytokines at each time point, as well as for HP genotypes.
These data were analyzed using mixed-effect models to assess the association between HP
genotypes and cytokine levels. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was obtained at discharge,
3 months, and 6 months.

Results:
Fifty-seven patients were enrolled. Compared with HP 1-1 and 1-2, subjects encoding HP
2-2 had elevated levels of the following cytokines at all time points: FLT3L, IFNγ, IL-17A, TGFα,
and VEGF-A. Elevations were also seen at some time points for IL-8, CSF2, FGF2, IL-7,
IL-12p70, and TNFγ. This study was not powered to detect differences in the functional outcome;
however, there were no significant differences in dichotomized mRS scores between patients with
HP 1-1/1-2 or HP 2-2.

Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that HP 2-2 genotype leads to increased proinflammatory cytokine
levels compared with HP 1-1/1-2 genotypes. These data may provide guidance for further
studies seeking to identify testable markers for functional prognosis or targets for treatment.
Restoration of the Attenuated Neuroprotective Effect of Ischemic Postconditioning in Diabetic Mice by SGLT Inhibitor Phlorizin
Authors: Mehta Viny , Kumar Amit , Jaggi Amteshwar Singh , Singh Nirmal 
Published: December 2020

Aim:
The study has been commenced to discover the potential of sodium dependent glucose
co-transporters (SGLT) in neuroprotective mechanism of ischemic postconditioning (iPoCo)
in diabetic and non-diabetic mice.

Methods:
Cerebral ischemic injury in mice was induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO)
for 12 min followed by reperfusion for 24 hr. For iPoCo, three episodes of carotid artery
reperfusion and occlusion of 10 sec each were instituted immediately after BCAO, followed by 24
hr reperfusion. Learning and memory were evaluated using the Morris water maze test. Motor coordination
was assessed using rotarod test, inclined beam walking test, neurological severity score
(NSS), and lateral push response. Glutathione and Thiobarbituric acid reactive species level was
quantified to evaluate the oxidative stress; the cholinergic activity of the brain was estimated in
terms of acetylcholinestrase activity, and the levels of myeloperoxidase were measured as inflammation
marker. Cerebral infarct size was evaluated using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining.
Fasting blood glucose levels of animals were taken before and 6 hr after the surgical procedure.

Results:
BCAO resulted in impairment of memory and motor coordination and biochemical alterations
along with a marked rise in cerebral infarct size and NSS. iPoCo diminished the deadly effect
of BCAO in non-diabetic mice; however, it failed to abolish the deleterious effects of ischemia-
reperfusion injury in diabetic mice. Pretreatment of Phlorizin (SGLT-inhibitor) potentiated the
neuroprotective effects of iPoCo in non-diabetics and restored the protective effect of iPoCo in diabetic
mice.

Conclusion:
It may be concluded that the neuroprotective effect of iPoCo is abolished in diabetic
mice, and SGLT plays an important role in neuroprotection.
Thiazole-based Chalcone Derivatives as Potential Anti-inflammatory Agents: Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modelling
Authors: Tratrat Christophe , Haroun Michelyne , Tsolaki Evangelia , Petrou Anthi , Gavalas Antonis , Geronikaki Athina 
Published: December 2020

Background.:Inflammation is a multifactorial process reflecting the response of the organism to various stimuli and is associated with a number of disorders such as arthritis, asthma and psoriasis, which require long-lasting or repeated treatment.Objective.:The aim of this paper is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of previous synthesized thiazole-based chalcone derivatives.Methods:Chalcones were synthesized via Cliazen-Schmidt condensation1-(4-methyl-2- alkylamino)thiazol-5-yl) ethanone with a corresponding aromatic aldehyde. For the evaluation of possible anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan mouse paw edema was used.Results.:Eight out of thirteen tested chalcones showed anti-inflammatory activity in a range of 51- 55%. Prediction of toxicity revealed that these compounds are not toxic.Conclusion.:In general, it can be concluded that these compounds can be used for further modifications in order to develop more active and safe agents.
Modifications of Isoalantolactone Leading to Effective Anti-bacterial and Anti-viral Compounds
Authors: Patrushev Sergey S. , Burova Lyubov G. , Shtro Anna A. , Rybalova Tatyana V. , Baev Dmitry S. , Shirokikh Il’ya V. , Evstropov Alexander N. , Shults Elvira E. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Natural sesquiterpene lactones are an important class of heterocyclic compounds
in drug discovery since they possess a wide range of biological properties, including antibacterial
activity.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to synthesize isoalantolactone derivatives with a furo[2,3-d]
pyrimidin-2-оne moiety, and to evaluate their antibacterial and antiviral activity.

Methods:
The Sonogashira cross-coupling and subsequent Ag-catalyzed cyclization reactions were
used forthe synthesis. The antibacterial activity and the ability to inhibit biofilms formation on
E. coli, S. aureus, A. viscosus, P. aeruginosa, and E. faecalis bacterial strains were evaluated in this
study. A study of the molecular interactions of new compounds with the multiple virulence factor
regulators was performed using docking simulations. The anti-viral activity against influenza A virus
and human orthopneumovirus H-2А was also studied.

Results:
The in vitro anti-bacterial activity for compound 4 (MIC = 58.33 ± 4.41 μg/mL) concerning
E. coli and compound 5 (MIC = 96.5 ± 3.25 μg/mL) against A. viscosus and the inhibition of biofilm
formation for compounds 2, 4, and 5 on E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. faecalis bacterial
strains, have been of interest for the search of improved anti-microbial agents. Compound 3 possessed
antiviral activity against human orthopneumovirus H-2А with SI >33. The activity of the new
type of hybrid compounds is dependent on the substituent in the 6th position of the furo[2,3-d]
pyrimidin-2-one fragment.

Conclusion:
The decoration of isoalantolactone with a furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one fragment led to perspective antiviral and
antimicrobial agents. Due to antimicrobial activity, pyridine-4-yl substituted isoalantolactone-furopyrimidinone hybrid is
considered as a candidate compound to participate in further research.
Comparative Study of Encoder-decoder-based Convolutional Neural Networks in Cartilage Delineation from Knee Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Yong Ching Wai , Lai Khin Wee , Murphy Belinda Pingguan , Hum Yan Chai 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint inflammation that
may lead to disability. Although OA is not lethal, this disease will remarkably affect patient’s mobility
and their daily lives. Detecting OA at an early stage allows for early intervention and may
slow down disease progression.

Introduction:
Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful technique to visualize soft tissues within the
knee joint. Cartilage delineation in magnetic resonance (MR) images helps in understanding the disease
progressions. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown promising results in computer
vision tasks, and various encoder-decoder-based segmentation neural networks are introduced in
the last few years. However, the performances of such networks are unknown in the context of cartilage
delineation.

Methods:
This study trained and compared 10 encoder-decoder-based CNNs in performing cartilage
delineation from knee MR images. The knee MR images are obtained from the Osteoarthritis
Initiative (OAI). The benchmarking process is to compare various CNNs based on physical specifications
and segmentation performances.

Results:
LadderNet has the least trainable parameters with the model size of 5 MB. UNetVanilla
crowned the best performances by having 0.8369, 0.9108, and 0.9097 on JSC, DSC, and MCC.

Conclusion:
UNetVanilla can be served as a benchmark for cartilage delineation in knee MR images,
while LadderNet served as an alternative if there are hardware limitations during production.
A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacology and Toxicology of Bioactive
Compounds of Lagerstroemia Speciosa(L.) Pers.
Authors: Tripathi Surya Kant , Behera Sunayna , Panda Munmun , Zengin Gokhan , Biswal Bijesh K 
Published: December 2020

Background::
Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers is one of the most valuable plants due to its ornamental and pharmacological relevance. It is known for its anti-diabetic activity with proved potent blood sugar-lowering activity. The anti-diabetic activity is due to presence of its biologically active component corosolic acid. Moreover, L. speciosa and its novel purified compounds are also well-known for its several biological activities with beneficial health benefit on the human being.

Objectives::
This review provides a summary of pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and pharmacological properties of L. speciosa and its purified phytochemicals which may help researchers for building up new researches in near future.

Methods::
The current article is prepared by collecting through various online and offline databases. Preliminary source of study and data collection for outlining the review was research articles and reviews that have been already published by many reputed publishers, including Springer, Elsevier, Taylor & Francis imprints, BMC, Willy, The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Environmental health prospective (EHP), and PLOS One.

Result::
The available studies results suggested that the L. speciosa and its phytochemicals showed antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-obesity, and cardio-protective activities. Pharmacokinetic stud-ies suggested the low bioavailability of its purified compounds. However, nano-encapsulation can improve the bioavaila-bility related issue and effectively potentiate the medicinal properties of its constituents.

Conclusion::
Considering the worthy pharmacological properties, L. speciosa is considered as a potent source of several novel drugs. Though, still preclinical and clinical studies are needed to reveal the targets, molecular mechanisms, bioavail-ability, and toxicity of its constituents.
A Review Study on Prakriti (Body Constitution) Specific Herbal Tea in
Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sapna Sehgal , Huddar Vitthal G , Rao Mangalagowri V 
Published: December 2020

:
Among the health challenges, management of diabetes is very important. This is on account
of the decrease in the age of incidence, high prevalence and systemic complications that reduce
the quality of life of patients. The age-standardised DALY rate was highest among major
non-communicable diseases for diabetes, which is increased in India by 39·6% from 1990 to 2016.
Furthermore, conservative management through modern medicine has produced many adverse effects
along with invariable systemic complications. Personalised Prakriti-based medicine is an essential
part of Ayurveda as compared to modern medicine, which advocates disease specific management
irrespective of personal factors. This personalised Prakriti specific management offered
by Ayurveda will play a vital role in changing global health. It offers a holistic package of modalities
encompassing diet, lifestyle, and medication. Prakriti-based herbs are likely to offer remedies
for health issues like adverse drug reactions, drug withdrawals, and economic disparities. Hence, a
review study on personalised Prakriti specific herbal tea for Diabetes mellitus (Madhumeha)
throws light on the various herbs along with their mode of action, which can be a very effective
remedy.
Coronavirus Pandemic: Role of Bats And Zoonotic Transmission in Humans
Authors: Singh Baljinder , Kaur Jasleen , Gupta Sumeet 
Published: December 2020

Background::
In the past two decades, the human coronavirus (HCoV) outbreaks have
gripped the international communities almost six times in different forms [HCoV-OC43 (2001);
HCoV-NL63 (2004); SARS-CoV (2003); HCoV HKU1 (2005); MERS- CoV (2012); SARS-CoV-
-2 (2019)]. These emerging pathogens have been proven very challenging from medical perspectives,
economic conditions, and psychological impact on human society.

Introduction::
SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, has evidenced a historic yet troublesome pandemic
across the globe. In humans, its clinical manifestations may range from asymptomatic, severe
pneumonia to mortality. Bats are the natural reservoirs of a variety of viruses belonging to the
family Coronaviridae. Most of the bats harboring coronaviruses mainly reside in Asian and African
regions.

Objective::
The objective was to describe the various characteristic features of all coronaviruses,
clinical manifestations, and complications associated with SARS-CoV-2. The major goal was to
highlight the involvement of the strong immune system of bats in the cross-species transmission of
coronaviruses in intermediate hosts and, finally, zoonotic transmission in humans.

Methodology::
A systematic literature search was conducted for high quality research and review articles.
We searched the databases for articles published between the year 1972 to 2020 with search
terms zoonosis, coronaviruses, zoonotic transmissions, clinical manifestations, and the immune system
of bats.

Conclusion::
The domestic and non-domestic animals come in closer contact with humans. Some
requisite measures should be taken to decrease the contact with livestock to prevent further threatening
viral transmissions. Furthermore, the remarkable immune system of bats is required to inquire
thoroughly to develop novel therapeutics to conquer the evolving coronaviruses in the future.
Corrosion of steel in carbonated concrete: mechanisms, practical experience, and research priorities – a critical review by RILEM TC 281-CCC
Authors: Angst Ueli , Moro Fabrizio , Geiker Mette , Kessler Sylvia , Beushausen Hans , Andrade Carmen , Lahdensivu Jukka , Köliö Arto , Imamoto Kei-ichi , Von Greve-Dierfeld Stefanie , Serdar Marijana 
Published: December 2020

Carbonation of concrete is generally assumed to lead to reinforcing steel corrosion. This mindset has long dictated the research priorities surrounding the developments towards new, low-emission binders. Here, by reviewing documented practical experience and scientific literature, we show that this widely held view is too simplistic. In fact, there are many cases from engineering practice where carbonation of the cementitious matrix surrounding the steel did not lead to noticeable corrosion or to corrosion-related damage at the level of a structure. The influencing factors that can, however, lead to considerable corrosion damage are identified as the moisture state, the microstructure of the carbonated concrete, various species that may be present – even in minor amounts – in the concrete pore solution, and the cover depth.
The circumstance that a reduced pH alone is not sufficient to lead to significant steel corrosion in concrete seriously challenges the established approach of assessing the durability performance based on carbonation testing and modeling. At the same time, this circumstance offers great opportunities for reducing the environmental impact of concrete structures with low-emission binders. To realize these opportunities, the focus in research and engineering should shift from studying carbonation to studying corrosion of steel in carbonated concrete.
An Intervention With Dance and Yoga for Girls With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders (Just in TIME): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Philipson Anna , Särnblad Stefan , Ekstav Lars , Eriksson Mats , Fagerberg Ulrika L , Möller Margareta , Mörelius Evalotte , Duberg Anna 
Published: December 2020

Background
Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) affect many children worldwide, predominantly girls, and cause considerable long-term negative consequences for individuals and society. Evidence-based and cost-effective treatments are therefore strongly needed. Physical activity has shown promising effects in the practical management of FAPDs. Dance and yoga are both popular activities that have been shown to provide significant psychological and pain-related benefits with minimal risk. The activities complement each other, in that dance involves dynamic, rhythmic physical activity, while yoga enhances relaxation and focus.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the effects of a dance and yoga intervention among girls aged 9 to 13 years with FAPDs.

Methods
The study is a prospective randomized controlled trial among girls aged 9 to 13 years with functional abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, or both. The target sample size was 150 girls randomized into 2 arms: an intervention arm that receives dance and yoga sessions twice weekly for 8 months and a control arm that receives standard care. Outcomes will be measured at baseline and after 4, 8, 12, and 24 months, and long-term follow-up will be conducted 5 years from baseline. Questionnaires, interviews, and biomarker measures, such as cortisol in saliva and fecal microbiota, will be used. The primary outcome is the proportion of girls in each group with reduced pain, as measured by the faces pain scale-revised in a pain diary, immediately after the intervention. Secondary outcomes are gastrointestinal symptoms, general health, mental health, stress, and physical activity. The study also includes qualitative evaluations and health economic analyses. This study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala (No. 2016/082 1-2).

Results
Data collection began in October 2016. The intervention has been performed in 3 periods from 2016 through 2019. The final 5-year follow-up is anticipated to be completed by fall 2023.

Conclusions
Cost-effective and easily accessible interventions are warranted to reduce the negative consequences arising from FAPDs in young girls. Physical activity is an effective strategy, but intervention studies are needed to better understand what types of activities facilitate regular participation in this target group. The Just in TIME (Try, Identify, Move, and Enjoy) study will provide insights regarding the effectiveness of dance and yoga and is anticipated to contribute to the challenging work of reducing the burden of FAPDs for young girls.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02920268); https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02920268

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/19748
Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Chinese Health Care Workers: Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Ni Jie , Wang Fang , Liu Yihai , Wu Mingyue , Jiang Yan , Zhou Yujie , Sha Dujuan 
Published: December 2020

Background
The outbreak of COVID-19 has dominated headlines worldwide. The number of infections has continued to rise and had reached 30,000 worldwide at the time this paper was written. Because of the high risk of nosocomial transmission, medical health care workers may be experiencing substantial psychological stress. This descriptive study aimed to identify psychosocial effects on hospital staff associated with working in a hospital environment during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Objective
Our survey participants included 57 frontline clinicians working at Wuhan First Hospital and 157 medical students working at Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital during the COVID-19 outbreak. The questionnaire we adopted included questions regarding the participants’ personal well-being, sociodemographic characteristics, and psychological status.

Methods
57 frontline clinicians working in Wuhan First Hospital and 157 medical training students working in Jiangsu Provincial Peoples Hospital during this outbreak participated in our survey. The questionnaire we adopted included questions regarding the participants’ personal well-being, sociodemographic characteristics and the psychological status.

Results
The COVID-19 outbreak had psychological impacts both on formal workers and medical students. The psychological effects included sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression. There was no significant difference between the group of formal workers and medical students (P=.85), and more than 50% (30/54, 56%, vs. 83/157, 52.9%) of the respondents reported pandemic-related mental disorders.

Conclusions
Our study indicates that the high risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure caused substantial psychological stress among health care workers. This finding emphasizes the need to promote psychological crisis intervention for medical personnel during this epidemic.
A Multicomponent Intervention to Reduce Screen Time Among Children Aged 2-5 Years in Chandigarh, North India: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kaur Nimran , Gupta Madhu , Malhi Prahbhjot , Grover Sandeep 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundExcessive digital screen exposure (≥1 hour per day) is associated with limited growth and development in children.ObjectiveThis study aims to develop and assess a multicomponent intervention program's effectiveness in reducing excessive screen time among children aged 2-5 years.MethodsA theory-based multicomponent intervention known as Program to Lower Unwanted Media Screens (PLUMS) at the household level has been developed. It is based on the social cognitive theory for children and self-determination theory for caregivers. After pretesting, a randomized control trial will be conducted to assess this intervention's effectiveness among healthy children aged 2-5 (±3 months) years and their primary caregivers who have at least one digital media gadget at home in zone three of Chandigarh (population of 2,730,035). A sample size of 428 children is estimated per arm. PLUMS includes disseminating specific information, education, communication in the form of videos and posters to the primary caregivers, and conducting motivational interviewing as and when needed. Children will be provided suggestions for playful activities as alternatives to digital media gadgets. The primary outcome is the mean change in the duration of screen time, and secondary outcomes are sleep duration and patterns, emotional-behavioral problems, and level of physical activity of the children. Per-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses will be conducted using SPSS for Macintosh, Version 25.0.ResultsThe intervention package will be disseminated once a week for 8 weeks to the participants via the caregivers' preferred means of communication. The endline assessment will be done immediately postintervention and after the 6 months of follow-up. The Institute's ethics committee, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, has approved this study (INT/IEC/2019/000711). The Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi (3/1/3/Next-100/JRF-2015/HRD), and PGIMER, Chandigarh (71/2-Edu-16/92, Dated 08/01/2018) funded this study.ConclusionsPLUMS might be effective in reducing excessive screen time among children aged 2-5 years in a North Indian Union Territory.Trial RegistrationClinical Trial Registry India CTRI/2017/09/009761; https://tinyurl.com/53q6dpjsInternational Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/24106