bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Los capuchinos y las buenas lecturas. La oferta libresca de la imprenta 'El Heraldo', Cartago, Costa Rica (1913-1965)
Authors: Quesada Rivera Eugenio 
Published: December 2020

El propósito de este artículo es analizar la oferta de los libros que podían adquirirse en la imprenta El Heraldo, propiedad de los frailes capuchinos en Cartago, Costa Rica, entre 1913 y 1965. El análisis se realiza desde la perspectiva de la historia de la lectura, hija de la escuela francesa de los Annales y se emplean los listados de libros y folletos publicados en la revista El Heraldo Seráfico como fuente principal. Se concluye que estos religiosos implantaron en Costa Rica las ideas de León XIII y que siguieron el modelo desarrollado previamente por su Orden en Cataluña.
Poder e política nas Minas Gerais
Authors: Toledo Ana Tereza Landolfi 
Published: December 2020

A presente comunicação tem por objetivo analisar como se deu as articulações entre a elite política de Minas Gerais e o governador d. Manoel de Portugal e Castro no contexto da independência do Brasil. Dentro deste imbróglio, acreditamos que a nossa personagem se colocava na articulação pela manutenção do equilíbrio entre os constitucionais, absolutistas e autonomistas em meio a uma atmosfera de negociações e disputas política, onde o governador agia em prol de um certo senso de convivência política entre os grupos locais, com o intuito de manter o controle da situação e evitar desordens sociais. Neste sentido, em face aos acontecimentos que se desenrolavam em Minas à época, d. Manoel de Portugal e Castro via-se imerso em um universo onde o novo e o antigo se mesclavam.
O poder e suas representações no interior das comunidades agregas do Vale do Mucuri, Minas Gerais (1850-1950)
Authors: Santos Márcio Achtschin 
Published: December 2020

O objetivo desse artigo é analisar as representações formadas a partir das relações de poder nas comunidades de agregados do Vale do Mucuri, região do nordeste do estado de Minas Gerais, entre o final do século XIX e meados do século XX. A questão é de que modo se estabeleceu a vida política nesses grupos e como essas relações de poder são representadas, tendo como referência o rito da Folia de Reis. A metodologia adotada foi entrevistas semiestruturadas e periódicos da região do Mucuri do período. Como resultado da pesquisa pode-se apontar que o poder no agrego estabelecia nas práticas e vivências do cotidiano, em redes de solidariedade do dia a dia. A Folia de Reis se tornou um ritual político de reforço àqueles que viviam na escassez, mobilizando e legitimando as regras de convivência a partir da ajuda mútua.
Risk Assessment of Civil Aircraft during Operation
Authors: Li Longbiao 
Published: December 2020

In this chapter, the risk assessment methods for aircraft system, structure, and aeroengine are investigated. For the aircraft system risk assessment, the probability level is divided into probable, improbable, and extremely improbable, and the hazard level of the failure condition is divided into minor, major, and catastrophic. Using Weibull analysis and Bayesian method to analyze the aircraft operation data, the risk level of aircraft system can be determined by combing methods provided in AC 25.1309-1A. For the aircraft structure risk assessment, the probability fracture mechanics approach can be used to determine the structure failure risk based on the data of material properties, environment, inspection, and so on. For the aeroengine risk assessment, the methods for classification of failure risk level, determination of hazard ratio, and calculation of the risk factor and risk per flight are given. The risk assessment process for aeroengine multi-failure modes based on the Monte Carlo simulation is presented to predict the occurrence of the failure and assess the failure risk.
Usi comunitari e conservazione della natura nell’area protetta di Ndoinet (foresta Mau, Kenya): elementi di conflitto
Authors: Albertazzi Stefania 
Published: December 2020

The article illustrates two elements of conflict found in the Ndoinet Forest area (Mau complex, Kenya): the first concerns the contrasting vision of the local communities and Kenya Forest Service (KFS) of degraded forest areas. The second concerns the conservation practices promoted by the forest service, specifically reforestation initiatives and the proposal to erect an electric fence. After illustrating the most common uses of the forest by the local population, I reflect on the conflicting elements that are created between these and the conservation measures by referring to “classic” and new themes of political ecology.
Experimental practice in the ruins of the Green Revolution: commoning with/in a water-scarce field
Authors: Autorino Pietro 
Published: December 2020

This article considers water scarcity as an expression of agrarian crisis in South India. It explores how the drought affects the everyday life of communities in the area of Kadavur, limiting their possibilities to choose what crops they can grow, what food they may eat, and what futures they will cultivate. Moreover, it draws from the framework of experimental practice proposed by Papadopoulos in order to understand how more-than-social movements engage in material organizing to transform their condition. In the first part, it constructs the biofinancialization of organic millet, in relation to the making of cheap rice. Hence, it presents an ethnography of alterontological politics through enhanced care and tinkering with food. Moreover, the article explores the role of water management technology in the troubled ecology of the drought. Finally, by discussing an ethnography of borewell repair, it sheds light on the odd entanglements between a global technology and this situated ecology. This brings the fieldworker into the picture and considers the emergent politics of communing with/in the field.
L’ecologia politica latinoamericana dei movimenti indigeni in Ecuador: il caso della CONAIE
Authors: Bronzi Matteo 
Published: December 2020

This work is focused on the analysis of the interconnections between Latin American political ecology and socio-environmental movements in Ecuador. Specifically, through the practices of CONAIE (Confederación de las Nacionalidades Indígenas del Ecuador), it will analyzed the importance of indigenous movements in the political dynamics of the Country and the socio-ecological theories and practices that the indigenous confederation has introduced into the national public debate.
Gentrification e urban gardening a Berlino. Riflessioni da Tempelhofer Feld e Prinzessinnengärten
Authors: Giovansana Sara , Zanolin Giacomo 
Published: December 2020

Il contributo è dedicato al tema della creatività urbana e si concentra su due esperienze particolari nella città di Berlino. A partire da un’indagine svolta sul campo presso gli urban garden di Tempelhofer Feld e Prinzessinnengärten, questo lavoro ha l’obiettivo di riflettere sulle potenzialità di esperienze messe in atto dalle classi creative in relazione al tema della gentrification. Sulla base di quanto rilevato in tali avamposti della sostenibilità urbana, si cercherà, pertanto, di delineare un quadro generale dell’esperienza green berlinese, come uno dei segni del mutamento dell’urbanità in questa città.
Para una ecología política del agua: análisis de la periferia metropolitana de Río de Janeiro (Brasil)
Authors: Rocha André , de Oliveira Leandro 
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a debate on water policy and ecology focuses on access to water and sewage network in the outskirts of the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). A theoretical and critical discussion is held based on political ecology and an overview of access to water and the sewage network is presented, according to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Qualitative analysis of the data shows that access is inefficient for the majority of the population in the periphery and indicates the need for further observation on the quality of water and sewage services. Another highlight is the need for greater reflection on the sector’s privatization, since water cannot be treated as a commodity, but as an essential right for the populations.
Il metodo del vivente. L’ecologia politica e la rielaborazione del discorso geografico
Authors: Torre Salvo 
Published: December 2020

Political ecology debate reshaped the relationship between the two subjects assumed to be fundamental in human geography, man and nature, and criticised their scientific status. Feminist political ecology and decolonial debate adopted a different perspective on the subjectivities that inhabit human communities. Political ecology recent debate suggest that the role of geographical knowledge in the construction of social hierarchies has to be reconsidered. In this framework, nature as a political project, could be analysed restructuring the methods of geographical research. In the recent re-elaboration of post-Marxist political ecology and world-ecology, for instance the new methods of investigation are related to the study of internal contradictions and social conflicts. The article suggests to consider the fundamental contradiction between capital and living being as a principle of general analysis of the relationship between human communities and biomes and as the core of the construction of a method of geographical analysis.
Expression of brain Gi protein in the aging F344 rat following exposure to corticosterone
Authors: Maines Lynn W. , Polavarapu Rathnagiri , Lakoski Joan M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractG protein expression has been shown to be modulated by circulating plasma corticosterone in young animals. A loss of G protein expression regulation by corticosterone in the elderly could explain declines in the function of G protein‐coupled receptors and their effective signal transduction processes in the nervous system found in normal and pathological aging. In this study, adrenalectomized 3‐ and 18‐months‐old female Fischer 344 rats were exposed to low, moderate or high levels of plasma corticosterone to determine the effect of this hormone on Gi protein expression in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Basal Gi protein expression, assessed by Western blot analysis, did not vary across age in either brain region. Hippocampal Gi protein levels increased following moderate and high corticosterone administration in the 3‐months old animals (125% ; P < 0.05) but not in the 18‐months old animals. In contrast, in the frontal cortex, Gi protein expression increased significantly in the 18‐months‐old group (93% ; P < 0.05) following exposure to high concentrations of corticosterone. These results suggest that steroid hormones, specifically corticosterone, may differentially modulate neurotransmitter‐G protein coupling in an age‐dependent manner.
Microbial and Enzymatic Polysaccharides
Authors: Kralj Slavko , Khandige Surabhi , Guan Rong , Boetkjaer Kenneth , Behabtu Natnael , Lenges Christian , Hennessey Susan , Sworn Graham 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPolysaccharides are ubiquitous and the largest substantive material class in nature (eg, structural in plants (cellulose, starch), algae (alginate), and (microbes) and throughout history polysaccharides have found extensive use in many industrial applications, for example in packaging (paper and board), fiber and textiles (eg, cotton and viscose), adhesives, and even in early engineered thermoplastic materials (eg, cellulose esters). Sourced from nature and in general biocompatible, many polysaccharides have applications across various food and food additive applications. The broad functionality and general good compatibility are attractive properties increasingly desired as focus on sustainability is increasing.This article will discuss the established product range of microbial polysaccharides utilized across a range of specialty applications such as food, personal care, and industrials. Product categories such as alginates, bacterial cellulose, curdlan, dextran, diutan, emulsan, fructan, gellan, pullulan, sceroglucan, succinoglycan, welan, and xanthan gum will be reviewed.In addition, the emerging platform technology enzymatic polymerization is discussed with special focus on the transformational promise for this approach toward engineered polysaccharide structures. This approach allows for the rational and systematic design of polysaccharide materials controlling aspects such as molecular weight, branching, and particle morphology.
Well‐Defined Poly(Ester Amide)‐Based Homo‐ and Block Copolymers by One‐Pot Organocatalytic Anionic Ring‐Opening Copolymerization of N‐Sulfonyl Aziridines and Cyclic Anhydrides
Authors: Xu Jiaxi , Hadjichristidis Nikos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe report a new synthetic methodology for poly(ester amide)s by anionic ring‐opening copolymerization of N‐sulfonyl aziridines and cyclic anhydrides. Phosphazenes organocatalysts have been found to promote a highly‐active, controlled, and selective alternating copolymerization in the absence of any competitive side reaction (zwitterionic mechanism and exchange transacylations). Mechanistic studies have shown first‐order dependence of the copolymerization rate in N‐sulfonyl aziridines and phosphazenes, and zero‐order in cyclic anhydrides. This one‐pot methodology leads not only to homopolymers but also to poly(ester amide)‐based block copolymers. Two catalytic cycles involving ring‐opening alternating copolymerization of N‐sulfonyl aziridines with cyclic anhydrides and ring‐opening polymerization of N‐sulfonyl aziridines have been proposed to explain the one pot synthesis of poly(ester amide)‐based homo‐ and block copolymers.
Template‐Mediated Control over Polymorphism in the Vapor‐Assisted Formation of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Powders and Films
Authors: Tu Min , Kravchenko Dmitry E. , Xia Benzheng , Rubio‐Giménez Víctor , Wauteraerts Nathalie , Verbeke Rhea , Vankelecom Ivo F. J. , Stassin Timothée , Egger Werner , Dickmann Marcel , Amenitsch Heinz , Ameloot Rob 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe landscape of possible polymorphs for some metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can pose a challenge for controlling the outcome of their syntheses. Demonstrated here is the use of a template to control in the vapor‐assisted formation of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) powders and thin films. Introducing a small amount of either ethanol or dimethylformamide vapor during the reaction between ZnO and 4,5‐dichloroimidazole vapor results in the formation of the porous ZIF‐71 phase, whereas other conditions lead to the formation of the dense ZIF‐72 phase or amorphous materials. Time‐resolved in situ small‐angle X‐ray scattering reveals that the porous phase is metastable and can be transformed into its dense polymorph. This transformation is avoided through the introduction of template vapor. The porosity of the resulting ZIF powders and films was studied by N2 and Kr physisorption, as well as positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The templating principle was demonstrated for other members of the ZIF family as well, including the ZIF‐7 series, ZIF‐8_Cl, and ZIF‐8_Br.
Influence of forming method of blending versus casting layer‐by‐layer on structural properties and packing performances of casein‐gelatin composite edible film under different appending proportion
Authors: Qian Fang , Gao Xiaoxi , Li Li , Safian Murad Mian , Mu Guangqing , Wu Xiaomeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn order to obtain casein edible films with great packing performance, gelatin as the reinforcing additive with different ratios were loaded via two methods including layer‐ by‐ layer and blending. A comparative study on structure properties between double layers and blending films made from casein and gelatin was obtained by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The difference between the films' packing characters were conducted by water vapor permeability (WVP), optical property, and mechanical properties (including tensile strength (TS) and elongation (EAB)). The results showed that the degree of films roughness increased and the structural stability decreased as the increase of gelatin additive ratio in both double layers and blending films. Thickness and WVP both displayed a trend of increasing first then decreasing at the dividing of gelatin instead of casein in 50%. Importantly, WVP values in double layers film with a largest value of 6.95 gm−1Pa−1s−1was higher than blending films, observably (P < 0.05). Additionally, TS in blending film was increased by 23.44% than double layers film under the gelatin additive proportion of 70%, and EAB value in double layers film was larger by 207.65% than blending film under the gelatin additive proportion of 10%.
Mitochondrial phylogeography reveals high haplotype diversity and unique genetic lineage in Indian dugongs (Dugong dugon)
Authors: Srinivas Yellapu , Pande Anant , Gole Swapnali , Jothi P.V.R. Prem , Magesh K. Madhu , Pathan Sameeha , Dudhat Sohini , Shekar Rukmini , Ghanekar Chinmaya , Kukadia Devanshi , Johnson Jeyaraj Antony , Mondol Samrat , Sivakumar Kuppusamy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

India plays a significant role in dugong conservation by having the largest population within South Asia. The status of dugongs in India is largely unknown due to a paucity of reliable ecological data. This study generated mitochondrial control region sequences from ~10% of dugong individuals from existing populations within India. Furthermore, data generated in this study were compared with the global data to assess genetic lineages, population structure, and genetic diversity of Indian populations.
Multiple analyses suggest that the Indian dugong populations are part of a single genetic cluster, comprising South Asia, North‐west Indian Ocean, and South‐west Indian Ocean populations. Despite small population size, they retain high genetic diversity with unique mitochondrial DNA haplotypes within South Asia. Within India, novel haplotypes are observed from all dugong habitats sampled, with overall high haplotype diversity (0.85 ± 0.04) but low nucleotide diversity (0.005 ± 0.001). Indian populations exhibit genetic differentiation with higher within‐population variance (63.41%) than among populations (36.59%). Two of the haplotypes observed in India are shared with Sri Lanka, implying genetic connectivity between these populations.
The genetic data from Indian dugong populations provide critical insights into the identification of dugong corridors and important dugong conservation zones in India. We suggest site‐specific interventions, including the creation of new marine protected areas and boundary reorganization and expansion of other existing protected areas, to ensure population connectivity. In addition, simultaneous efforts towards seagrass meadow restoration, reduction of dugong mortalities, and community participation in dugong conservation are recommended for population recovery of this threatened marine herbivore.
Pharmacodynamics‐based approach for efficacious human dose projection of BMS‐986260, a small molecule transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 inhibitor
Authors: Parrish Karen E. , Swanson Jesse , Cheng Lihong , Luk Emily , Stetsko Paul , Smalley James , Shu Yue‐Zhong , Huang Jinwen , Pabalan Jonathan G. , Sun Yongnian , Zvyaga Tatyana , Cvijic Mary Ellen , Burke James , Borzilleri Robert , Murtaza Anwar , Augustine Karen , Yang Zheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTransforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has a wide array of biological effects. For decades, tumor biology implicated TGF‐β as an attractive therapeutic target due to its immunosuppressive effects. Toward this end, multiple pharmaceutical companies developed a number of drug modalities that specifically target the TGF‐β pathway. BMS‐986260 is a small molecule, selective TGF‐βR1 kinase inhibitor that was under preclinical development for oncology. In vivo studies across mouse, rat, dog, and monkey and cryopreserved hepatocytes predicted human pharmacokinetics (PK) and distribution of BMS‐986260. Efficacy studies of BMS‐986260 were undertaken in the MC38 murine colon cancer model, and target engagement, as measured by phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, was assessed in whole blood to predict the clinical efficacious dose. The human clearance is predicted to be low, 4.25 ml/min/kg. BMS‐986260 provided a durable and robust antitumor response at 3.75 mg/kg daily and 1.88 mg/kg twice‐daily dosing regimens. Phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 was 3.5‐fold less potent in human monocytes than other preclinical species. Taken together, the projected clinical efficacious dose was 600 mg QD or 210 mg BID for 3 days followed by a 4‐day drug holiday. Mechanism‐based cardiovascular findings in the rat ultimately led to the termination of BMS‐986260. This study describes the preclinical PK characterization and pharmacodynamics‐based efficacious dose projection of a novel small molecule TGF‐βR1 inhibitor.
A sensitive and efficient LC–MS/MS method for the bioanalysis of fosinopril diacid from human plasma and its application for a bioequivalence study in humans
Authors: Bhende Swati D. , Varanasi Murali Balaram , Abbulu Konde 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFosinopril diacid is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor with efficient antihypertensive action. It is an active metabolic product formed in the body from hydrolysis of its prodrug Fosinopril. A sensitive, rapid method with high recovery for Fosinopril diacid from human plasma was developed. Solid‐phase extraction technique employing Waters Oasis SPE cartridges gave clean samples with very high recovery of 97%. The analyte along with its internal standard (Benazepril hydrochloride) were chromatographed on an XTerra RP8 column (4.6 × 50 mm, 5 μm) using methanol–ammonium acetate buffer (10 mm; 90:10, v/v) as the mobile phase. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source operated in the negative ion mode was used for detection. Multiple reaction monitoring scan mode was used for monitoring the transitions from m/z 434.00 → 237.15 for Fosinopril diacid and m/z 423.10 → 174.00 for Benazepril hydrochloride. Beer–Lambert’s law was obeyed in the range of 0.50–1,500.00 ng/ml (r = 0.9993). The stability of the drugs in human plasma and in stock solution was proved by performing stability tests as per US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. The method was successfully applied for a bioequivalence study of Fosinopril diacid in 36 healthy, adult, male volunteers under fasting conditions.
Pyoderma gangrenosum confined to the irradiated chest wall of the reconstructed breast
Authors: Hammond Jacob B. , Pflibsen Lacey R. , Kruger Erwin A. , Casey William J. , Noland Shelley S. , Lettieri Salvatore C. , Rebecca Alanna M. , Struve Sara L. , Teven Chad M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a diagnosis of exclusion worsened by surgical debridement. This report presents two atypical manifestations of PG in the reconstructed breast, whereby the disease is only confined to the irradiated chest wall tissue bed, sparing the abdominal donor sites and the contralateral reconstructed breast.