bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collagen Organization in Relation to Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Pathology and Outcomes
Authors: Sprague Brian L. , Vacek Pamela M. , Mulrow Sophie E. , Evans Mark F. , Trentham-Dietz Amy , Herschorn Sally D. , James Ted A. , Surachaicharn Nuntida , Keikhosravi Adib , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Weaver Donald L. , Conklin Matthew W. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background:
There is widespread interest in discriminating indolent from aggressive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). We sought to evaluate collagen organization in the DCIS tumor microenvironment in relation to pathologic characteristics and patient outcomes.

Methods:
We retrieved fixed tissue specimens for 90 DCIS cases within the population-based Vermont DCIS Cohort. We imaged collagen fibers within 75 μm of the tumor/stromal boundary on hematoxylin and eosin–stained slides using multiphoton microscopy with second-harmonic generation. Automated software quantified collagen fiber length, width, straightness, density, alignment, and angle to the tumor/stroma boundary. Factor analysis identified linear combinations of collagen fiber features representing composite attributes of collagen organization.

Results:
Multiple collagen features were associated with DCIS grade, necrosis pattern, or periductal fibrosis (P &lt; 0.05). After adjusting for treatments and nuclear grade, risk of recurrence (defined as any second breast cancer diagnosis) was lower among cases with greater collagen fiber width [hazard ratio (HR), 0.57 per one standard deviation increase; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.39–0.84] and fiber density (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42–0.85), whereas risk was elevated among DCIS cases with higher fiber straightness (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.05–2.06) and distance to the nearest two fibers (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.06–2.02). Fiber length, alignment, and fiber angle were not associated with recurrence (P &gt; 0.05). Five composite factors were identified, accounting for 72.4% of the total variability among fibers; three were inversely associated with recurrence (HRs ranging from 0.60 to 0.67; P ≤ 0.01).

Conclusions:
Multiple aspects of collagen organization around DCIS lesions are associated with recurrence risk.

Impact:
Collagen organization should be considered in the development of prognostic DCIS biomarker signatures.
Genomic Aberrations and Late Recurrence in Postmenopausal Women with Hormone Receptor–positive Early Breast Cancer: Results from the SOLE Trial
Authors: Guerini-Rocco Elena , Gray Kathryn P. , Fumagalli Caterina , Reforgiato Marta Rita , Leone Isabella , Rafaniello Raviele Paola , Munzone Elisabetta , Kammler Roswitha , Neven Patrick , Hitre Erika , Jerusalem Guy , Simoncini Edda , Gombos Andrea , Deleu Ines , Karlsson Per , Aebi Stefan , Chirgwin Jacquie , Di Lauro Vincenzo , Thompson Alastair , Graas Marie-Pascale , Barber Matthew , Fontaine Christel , Loibl Sibylle , Gavilá Joaquín , Kuroi Katsumasa , Müller Bettina , O’Reilly Seamus , Di Leo Angelo , Goldhirsch Aron , Viale Giuseppe , Barberis Massimo , Regan Meredith M. , Colleoni Marco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurpose:Women with hormone receptor–positive early breast cancers have a persistent risk of relapse and biomarkers for late recurrence are needed. We sought to identify tumor genomic aberrations associated with increased late-recurrence risk.Experimental Design:In a secondary analysis of Study of Letrozole Extension trial, a case-cohort–like sampling selected 598 primary breast cancers for targeted next-generation sequencing analysis of gene mutations and copy-number gains (CNGs). Correlations of genomic aberrations with clinicopathologic factors and breast and distant recurrence-free intervals (BCFIs and DRFIs) were analyzed using weighted Cox models.Results:Analysis of mutations and CNGs was successfully performed for 403 and 350 samples, including 148 and 134 patients with breast cancer recurrences (median follow-up time, 5.2 years), respectively. The most frequent alterations were PIK3CA mutations (42%) and CNGs of CCND1 (15%), ERBB2 (10%), FGFR1 (8%), and MYC (8%). PIK3CA mutations and MYC CNGs were associated with lower (P = 0.03) and higher (P = 0.004) tumor grade, respectively; a higher Ki-67 was seen in tumor with CCND1, ERBB2, and MYC CNGs (P = 0.01, P &lt; 0.001, and P = 0.03, respectively). FGFR1 CNG was associated with an increased risk of late events in univariate analyses [17/29 patients; BCFI: HR, 3.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.48–6.92; P = 0.003 and DRFI: HR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.61–7.75; P = 0.002) and in multivariable models adjusted for clinicopathologic factors.Conclusions:Postmenopausal women with hormone receptor–positive early breast cancer harboring FGFR1 CNG had an increased risk of late recurrence despite extended therapy. FGFR1 CNG may represent a useful prognostic biomarker for late recurrence and a therapeutic target.
PARP Inhibitors in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Chan Chung Ying , Tan Kel Vin , Cornelissen Bart 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTargeting of PARP enzymes has emerged as an effective therapeutic strategy to selectively target cancer cells with deficiencies in homologous recombination signaling. Currently used to treat BRCA-mutated cancers, PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have demonstrated improved outcome in various cancer types as single agents. Ongoing efforts have seen the exploitation of PARPi combination therapies, boosting patient responses as a result of drug synergisms. Despite great successes using PARPi therapy, selecting those patients who will benefit from single agent or combination therapy remains one of the major challenges. Numerous reports have demonstrated that the presence of a BRCA mutation does not always result in synthetic lethality with PARPi therapy in treatment-naïve tumors. Cancer cells can also develop resistance to PARPi therapy. Hence, combination therapy may significantly affect the treatment outcomes. In this review, we discuss the development and utilization of PARPi in different cancer types from preclinical models to clinical trials, provide a current overview of the potential uses of PARP imaging agents in cancer therapy, and discuss the use of radiolabeled PARPi as radionuclide therapies.
Selective Vulnerability to Pyrimidine Starvation in Hematologic Malignancies Revealed by AG-636, a Novel Clinical-Stage Inhibitor of Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase
Authors: McDonald Gabrielle , Chubukov Victor , Coco John , Truskowski Kevin , Narayanaswamy Rohini , Choe Sung , Steadman Mya , Artin Erin , Padyana Anil K. , Jin Lei , Ronseaux Sebastien , Locuson Charles , Fan Zi-Peng , Erdmann Tabea , Mann Alan , Hayes Sebastian , Fletcher Mark , Nellore Kavitha , Rao Siva Sanjeeva , Subramanya Hosahalli , Reddy K. Satish , Panigrahi Sunil K. , Antony Thomas , Gopinath Sreevalsam , Sui Zhihua , Nagaraja Nelamangala , Dang Lenny , Lenz Georg , Hurov Jonathan , Biller Scott A. , Murtie Josh , Marks Kevin M. , Ulanet Danielle B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Agents targeting metabolic pathways form the backbone of standard oncology treatments, though a better understanding of differential metabolic dependencies could instruct more rationale-based therapeutic approaches. We performed a chemical biology screen that revealed a strong enrichment in sensitivity to a novel dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor, AG-636, in cancer cell lines of hematologic versus solid tumor origin. Differential AG-636 activity translated to the in vivo setting, with complete tumor regression observed in a lymphoma model. Dissection of the relationship between uridine availability and response to AG-636 revealed a divergent ability of lymphoma and solid tumor cell lines to survive and grow in the setting of depleted extracellular uridine and DHODH inhibition. Metabolic characterization paired with unbiased functional genomic and proteomic screens pointed to adaptive mechanisms to cope with nucleotide stress as contributing to response to AG-636. These findings support targeting of DHODH in lymphoma and other hematologic malignancies and suggest combination strategies aimed at interfering with DNA-damage response pathways.
Imaging Cardiovascular and Lung Macrophages With the Positron Emission Tomography Sensor
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Cu-Macrin in Mice, Rabbits, and Pigs
Authors: Nahrendorf Matthias , Hoyer Friedrich Felix , Meerwaldt Anu E. , van Leent Mandy M.T. , Senders Max L. , Calcagno Claudia , Robson Philip M. , Soultanidis George , Pérez-Medina Carlos , Teunissen Abraham J.P. , Toner Yohana C. , Ishikawa Kiyotake , Fish Kenneth , Sakurai Ken , van Leeuwen Esther M. , Klein Emma D. , Sofias Alexandros Marios , Reiner Thomas , Rohde David , Aguirre Aaron D. , Wojtkiewicz Gregory , Schmidt Stephen , Iwamoto Yoshiko , Izquierdo-Garcia David , Caravan Peter , Swirski Filip K. , Weissleder Ralph , Mulder Willem J.M. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Macrophages, innate immune cells that reside in all organs, defend the host against infection and injury. In the heart and vasculature, inflammatory macrophages also enhance tissue damage and propel cardiovascular diseases.

Methods:

We here use in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy to evaluate quantitative noninvasive assessment of cardiac, arterial, and pulmonary macrophages using the nanotracer
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Cu-Macrin—a 20-nm spherical dextran nanoparticle assembled from nontoxic polyglucose.

Results:

PET imaging using
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Cu-Macrin faithfully reported accumulation of macrophages in the heart and lung of mice with myocardial infarction, sepsis, or pneumonia. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy detected the near-infrared fluorescent version of the nanoparticle (
VT680
Macrin) primarily in tissue macrophages. In 5-day-old mice,
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Cu-Macrin PET imaging quantified physiologically more numerous cardiac macrophages. Upon intravenous administration of
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Cu-Macrin in rabbits and pigs, we detected heightened macrophage numbers in the infarcted myocardium, inflamed lung regions, and atherosclerotic plaques using a clinical PET/magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Toxicity studies in rats and human dosimetry estimates suggest that
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Cu-Macrin is safe for use in humans.

Conclusions:

Taken together, these results indicate
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Cu-Macrin could serve as a facile PET nanotracer to survey spatiotemporal macrophage dynamics during various physiological and pathological conditions.
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Cu-Macrin PET imaging could stage inflammatory cardiovascular disease activity, assist disease management, and serve as an imaging biomarker for emerging macrophage-targeted therapeutics.
Cattle Droppings Litter Our City Roads: Herders’ Encroachments, Risk Factors and Roadmap for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Iwuoha Victor Chidubem 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Herders-farmers violent conflicts and flare-ups have spread throughout central and southern communities in Nigeria, but exclude the urban areas. I examine ‘herders – urban residents’ conflicts. Herders roam their cattle from outskirts to city roads, disrupting traffic and leaving behind trails of excrement and offensive smells causing dangerous nuisance. I argue that the new practice of cattle herders’ encroachments on city roads poses some socio-economic risks such as environmental decay, air pollution, displacement of urban livelihoods, road accidents and non-violent conflicts. Primary data was elicited from herders and residents in four major cities in Nigeria such as Aba, Awka, Nsukka and Owerri. I conclude by reflecting on the consequences of these socio-economic and environment-related risk factors which combine to undermine the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG s), and proffer solutions to address them. I make forecast in the form of early warning system that; cattle herders – urban residents cantankerous and confrontational interrelationships (though ‘non-violent conflicts’) could escalate and implode into dangerous ‘violent conflict’ scenarios if neglected.
Kuma Matsuri
Authors: Schnell Scott 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The matagi are traditional hunters in the mountainous beech forests of northeastern Japan. They are distinguishable from recreational hunters in their veneration of the yama no kami, a female spirit or god who dwells in the mountains. This article will focus on their kuma matsuri, a set of rituals associated with bear hunting. It will argue that the rituals reinforce a sense of connectedness and interdependence with the forested mountains, as personified by the yama no kami, and that the bear epitomizes the gifts they bestow. From this perspective, the mountains are central to people’s lives and livelihoods, a recognition that is somewhat at odds with the “mainstream” culture of the lowland plains and urban areas. For their part, the matagi routinely move back and forth across boundaries, both physical and conceptual. They therefore play a vital role as intermediaries between the cultivated human realm and that of untamed nature.
The Fertility of Female Immigrants to Europe from Christian and Muslim Countries
Authors: Blekesaune Morten 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article investigates the fertility of female immigrants to Europe in relation to the characteristics of individual women (n=1,667), their countries of origin in Africa, Asia and Latin-America (n=68) and the European country where they reside (n=22), using the European Social Survey (ESS) collected between 2010 and 2017 (rounds 5 to 8). Many immigrants have fertility outcomes that converge towards the native fertility of their country of residence in Europe, a surprisingly strong factor. Immigrants from Muslim countries have higher fertility, though, and they compress their fertility over fewer years than immigrants from Christian countries. Multivariate estimates indicate that the effects of fertility rates and religious composition of countries of origin and individual religiousness are of similar magnitude for post-migration fertility rates. The highest fertility outcomes are found among highly religious immigrants from Muslim countries migrating to relatively high fertility countries in Europe at an early fertile age.
Religious Affiliation and Environmental Challenges in the 21st Century
Authors: Skirbekk Vegard , de Sherbinin Alex , Adamo Susana B. , Navarro Jose , Chai-Onn Tricia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
There is lack of studies of global variation in religious affiliation alongside environmental change worldwide. The aim of the current study is to help fill this gap by exploring variation in religious affiliation alongside environmental change worldwide. We study this relationship by analysing religious affiliation, a variety of environmental stressors and environmental outcomes.
Simultaneous Radio Occultation for Intersatellite Comparison of Bending Angles toward More Accurate Atmospheric Sounding
Authors: Cao Changyong , Wang Wenhui , Lynch Erin , Bai Yan , Ho Shu-peng , Zhang Bin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlobal Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) is a remote sensing technique that uses International System of Units (SI) traceable GNSS signals for atmospheric limb soundings. The retrieved atmospheric temperature profile is believed to be more accurate and stable than those from other remote sensing techniques, although rigorous comparison between independent measurements is difficult because of time and space differences between individual RO events. Typical RO comparisons are based on global statistics with relaxed matchup criteria (within 3 h and 250 km) that are less than optimal given the dynamic nature and spatial nonuniformity of the atmosphere. This study presents a novel method that allows for direct comparison of bending angles when simultaneous RO measurements occur near the simultaneous nadir overpasses (SNO) of two low-Earth-orbit satellites receiving the same GNSS signal passing through approximately the same atmosphere, within minutes in time and less than 125 km in distance. Using this method, we found very good agreement between Formosa Satellite 7 (FORMOSAT-7)/second Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC-2) satellite measurements and those from MetOp-A/B/C, COSMIC-1, Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite 5 (KOMPSAT-5), and Paz, although systematic biases are also found in some of the intercomparisons. Instrument and processing algorithm performances at different altitudes are also characterized. It is expected that this method can be used for the validation of GNSS RO measurements for most missions and would be a new addition to the tools for intersatellite calibration. This is especially important given the large number of RO measurements made available both publicly and commercially, and the expansion of receiver capabilities to all GNSS systems.
Twitter Hashtag and Online Engagement During Surgical Society Meetings Over a 5-Year Period
Authors: Elkbuli Adel , Santarone Kristen , Meneses Evander , McKenney Mark 
Published: October 2020

Background Utilizing social media platforms can augment medical conferences by sharing new knowledge and information through hashtags. We aim to investigate the use of Twitter, enhanced conference experience, and education at the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST) Annual Scientific Assembly 2016-2020. Methods EAST hashtags were analyzed for the Annual Scientific Assembly 2016-2020: #EAST2016, #EAST2017, #EAST2018, #EAST2019, and #EAST2020. Using #EAST2016 as a baseline, active interaction through engagement, measured by tweets and retweets, passive interaction through impressions, measured by views, as well as users, and influencers were analyzed. Results 2016-2018 saw a significant increase in engagement (7400 to 9200 to 11 000, respectively, P < .05). 2018-2020 then showed a significant decrease in engagement (11 000 to 9000 to 6700, respectively, P < .05). Impressions, increased significantly from 2016 to 2020 (6.6 million to 13.3 million to 12.6 million to 19.9 million to 20.3 million, respectively, P < .05). Users significantly increased to 2700 in 2018 compared with 1000 in 2016 ( P < .05), and significantly decreased to 814 in 2020 compared with 2700 in 2018 ( P < .05). The top online influencer was the EAST organization Twitter account. Conclusion #EAST2016-2018 showed a significant increase in engagement between users, measured by tweets/retweets. However, #EAST2019-2020 suffered declines in users’ engagement, maybe a result of social media fatigue. Although, #EAST2016-2020 showed a significant increase in impressions. Both passive and to a more extent active forms of online social media engagement can potentially disseminate new knowledge and medical information. Scientific societies should focus on more effective ways to maintain and enhance users’ online experience and engagement toward better utilization of social media platforms.
Predictive Significance of Enhanced Level of Angiogenesis and Tissue Neutrophils for Antrochoanal Polyps Recurrence in Children
Authors: Yang Yeran , Song Beibei , Yang Xiaojian , Zhou Chunju , Tang Lixing , Lu Jie , Wang Pengpeng , Chu Ping , Han Shujing , Guo Yongli , Ge Wentong 
Published: October 2020

Background: The pathologic features and potential predictive biomarkers for recurrence of antrochoanal polyps (ACPs) in children are not fully understood. Objectives: To identify the pathologic differences between recurrent and nonrecurrent group and to explore potential clinical markers which predict recurrence of ACPs in children. Material and Methods: A total of 11 recurrent and 21 nonrecurrent ACPs children were enrolled into this retrospect study. Clinical basic information was collected before the first surgery. The counts of vessels were evaluated by hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, and CD34 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, the percentage of each tissue inflammatory cells (eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells) was assessed by HE staining. Results: No statistical significance was observed between the 2 groups in the basic clinical features. Moreover, both the counts of blood vessels and the tissue neutrophils percentage were enhanced significantly in group with ACPs recurrence ( P < .05). According to the receiver operating characteristic curves, the area under the curve for the counts of blood vessels and tissue neutrophils percentage in the prediction of ACPs’ recurrence was 0.779 ( P = .0105) and 0.989 ( P < .0001) respectively. Conclusions and Significance: It was concluded that the counts of blood vessels and the percentage of tissue neutrophils appeared to be potential excellent predictors of ACPs recurrence in children.
Endoscopic Multipoint Laser System for Objective Pediatric Airway Assessment
Authors: Hall Andrew Christopher , Navaratnam Annakan Victor , Maughan Elizabeth , Hartley Benjamin , Hewitt Richard J. , Butler Colin 
Published: October 2020

Recent technological advances within aeronautical engineering have demonstrated the delivery of objective quantitative endoscopic measurements to within one‐hundredth of a millimeter. We sought to validate this emerging laser technology in a simulation‐based assessment of pediatric airway stenosis. A 4.4‐mm flexible endoscope, incorporating a laser measurement system projecting 49 laser points into the endoscopic view, was used to assess a simulated model of subglottic stenosis. Multiple anteroposterior and lateral measurements were obtained for each stenosis and compared with standard airway assessment techniques. Intra‐ and interobserver reliability was assessed. A total of 240 multipoint laser measurements were obtained of simulated airway stenosis. The mean difference from manual measurement was 0.1886 mm. The Bland‐Altman plot showed low bias (0.011) and narrow 95% limits of agreement (−0.46 to 0.48). This advanced endoscopic measurement technique shows great promise for clinical development to benefit ongoing assessment and treatment of evolving pediatric airway stenosis.
Changes in Depressive Symptoms During the Antenatal Period: A Cohort Study from Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Musammet Rasheda , Biswas Soma Chowdhury 
Published: October 2020

Background: Antenatal depressive symptoms adversely affect the health and well-being of women, babies, and their families. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and probable associated factors of depressivse symptoms. Methods: A prospective cohort approach was adopted, and 435 pregnant women were assessed longitudinally at an antenatal clinic in the first, second, and third trimesters. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to measure self-reported depressive symptoms. The multivariate approach of the general linear model was used to evaluate the mean differences of depression scores among the trimesters. To investigate the associated factors of depressive symptoms, generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to take into account the clustering effect. Results: More than half (58.13%) of the pregnant women had antenatal depressive symptoms in at least one trimester. Depressive symptoms decreased throughout the pregnancy; they were higher in the first trimester and declined toward the third trimester. Significant mean differences were found in depression scores among the three trimesters. GEE showed that trimester, education, family income, and body mass index (BMI) are significantly associated with antenatal depressive symptoms. Conclusions: First trimester is the most critical period for identification of depressive symptoms. At-risk women need to be treated. Proper education achievement, economic solvency, and adequate nutrition could reduce the depressive symptoms.