bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the epidemic dynamics and control of COVID‐19 outbreak in China
Authors: Zhao Shilei , Chen Hua 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is rapidly spreading in China and more than 30 countries over last two months. COVID‐19 has multiple characteristics distinct from other infectious diseases, including high infectivity during incubation, time delay between real dynamics and daily observed number of confirmed cases, and the intervention effects of implemented quarantine and control measures.MethodsWe develop a Susceptible, Un‐quanrantined infected, Quarantined infected, Confirmed infected (SUQC) model to characterize the dynamics of COVID‐19 and explicitly parameterize the intervention effects of control measures, which is more suitable for analysis than other existing epidemic models.ResultsThe SUQC model is applied to the daily released data of the confirmed infections to analyze the outbreak of COVID‐19 in Wuhan, Hubei (excluding Wuhan), China (excluding Hubei) and four first‐tier cities of China. We found that, before January 30, 2020, all these regions except Beijing had a reproductive number R > 1, and after January 30, all regions had a reproductive number R < 1, indicating that the quarantine and control measures are effective in preventing the spread of COVID‐19. The confirmation rate of Wuhan estimated by our model is 0.0643, substantially lower than that of Hubei excluding Wuhan (0.1914), and that of China excluding Hubei (0.2189), but it jumps to 0.3229 after February 12 when clinical evidence was adopted in new diagnosis guidelines. The number of un‐quarantined infected cases in Wuhan on February 12, 2020 is estimated to be 3,509 and declines to 334 on February 21, 2020. After fitting the model with data as of February 21, 2020, we predict that the end time of COVID‐19 in Wuhan and Hubei is around late March, around mid March for China excluding Hubei, and before early March 2020 for the four tier‐one cities. A total of 80,511 individuals are estimated to be infected in China, among which 49,510 are from Wuhan, 17,679 from Hubei (excluding Wuhan), and the rest 13,322 from other regions of China (excluding Hubei). Note that the estimates are from a deterministic ODE model and should be interpreted with some uncertainty.ConclusionsWe suggest that rigorous quarantine and control measures should be kept before early March in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, and before late March in Hubei. The model can also be useful to predict the trend of epidemic and provide quantitative guide for other countries at high risk of outbreak, such as South Korea, Japan, Italy and Iran.
Trace and Rare Earth Element Distribution and Mobility During Diagenetic Alteration of Volcanic Ash to Bentonite in Eastern Iranian Bentonite Deposits
Authors: Namayandeh Alireza , Modabberi Soroush , López-Galindo Alberto 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe chemical composition of the source magma along with the physiochemical conditions of the depositional environment are the main controlling factors in determining the behavior and mobility of trace elements and rare earth elements (REEs) during the transformation of volcanic ash to bentonite. The purpose of the present study was to determine the distribution pattern and mobility of trace elements and REEs in several bentonite deposits formed by diagenetic alteration of volcanic ash in shallow alkaline water in eastern Iran. Using geochemical and statistical data, the degree of weathering in the parent rocks and the distribution and mobility of trace elements and REEs during the alteration process at seven deposits (Chah-Taleb, Chah-Keshmir, Chah-Golestan, Chah-Pirouz, Gholeh-Gelia, Kharman-Sar, and Khal-Kooh) were studied. None of the parent rocks showed an advanced degree of depositional reworking and, therefore, their chemical composition is representative of the volcanic ash from which the bentonites were formed. In the chondrite-normalized REE patterns of both parent rocks and bentonites, the light rare earth elements (LREEs) were found to be enriched relative to the heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). The variation in δEu and δCe values suggested a high-temperature (<200°C), suboxic, aquatic environment in which the conversion of volcanic ash to bentonite occurred. In the bivariate correlation analysis, Si showed a strong inverse relationship with Al and LREEs, while large ion lithophile elements (LILEs), high field strength elements (HFSEs), HREEs, and LREEs displayed a positive correlation between the elements of their respective groups. The R2 values in the binary diagram of potential immobile elements against Al suggest a qualitative classification in which Ti, Gd, Ga, Pr, Tb, Nd, Sm, Ce, and Nb are considered immobile, and U, Dy, In, Sc, Hf, Zr, La, and Eu are considered to have had poor mobility during formation of the Eastern Iranian bentonite deposits.
Plasma RANTES level is correlated with cardio‐cerebral atherosclerosis burden in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Kong Qi , Ma Xin , Lyu Jun‐Xuan , Wang Chen , Du Xiang‐Ying , Guan Yun‐Qian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundRegulated upon activation, normal T‐cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES) is a chemokine actively involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis (AS), which is the major cause of ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD). This study aimed to determine the associations between circulating RANTES level and overall AS conditions of cardiac and cerebral vessel beds in patients with ICVD.MethodsPatients with ICVD admitted to the department of neurology of Xuanwu Hospital from April 1, 2019 to June 30, 2019 were prospectively enrolled in the study. Plasma RANTES level was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to represent the circulating RANTES level. The integrated AS burden of the cervicocephalic and coronary arteries was examined using computed tomography angiography and reflected by “cardio‐cerebral AS burden (CCAB)” as a continuous variable. Then, the relationship of plasma RANTES level and CCAB in patients with ICVD was analyzed by correlation analyses and general linear models.ResultsA total of 40 patients with ICVD were included in the study. There was a significant positive correlation between CCAB and plasma RANTES level in ICVD (r = 0.786, P < 0.001), independent of age, sex, acute or chronic phase of ICVD, and mono or dual antiplatelet therapy (adjusted B for ln RANTES, 12.063; 95% confidence interval, 7.572–16.533). The association of plasma RANTES level with AS conditions (burden, severity, and extent) in single cardiac or cerebral vessel bed was similar to that with CCAB, but the correlation coefficient for CCAB was higher (increment ranged from 0.126 to 0.397).ConclusionsPlasma RANTES level was an independent indicator for the integrated AS burden of the cervicocephalic and coronary arteries in ICVD. Comprehensive evaluation of AS conditions using the novel continuous index CCAB might be important in revealing the systematic relationship between circulating RANTES and AS in patients with ICVD.
Association Between Lifelong Premature Ejaculation and Polymorphism of Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 Gene in the Han Population
Authors: Fu Xu , Zhang Xiansheng , Jiang Tao , Huang Yuanyuan , Cheng Peng , Tang Dongdong , Gao Jingjing , Du JunHua 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Premature ejaculation (PE) is widely regarded as one of the most common sexual dysfunctions in men. The neurobiogenesis of PE is complex and involves the serotoninergic (5-HT) system.

Aim
In this study, we investigated whether polymorphisms in the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) gene were associated with lifelong PE (LPE).

Methods
A total of 121 men diagnosed with LPE were recruited from our outpatient clinics and 94 healthy controls from the health examination center. Intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) was measured using a stopwatch. The PE diagnostic tool (PEDT) data were collected at the same time. All subjects with LPE and healthy controls were genotyped for polymorphisms in the TPH2 gene. Allele and genotype frequencies of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were compared between the patients and controls.

Main Outcome Measure
The main outcome measures are IELT and PEDT to diagnose LPE. The association of LPE with TPH2 gene polymorphisms in these areas was investigated.

Results
The IELT, PEDT scores, and education levels in the LPE group were significantly different from those in the control group. Statistically significant differences were found in the SNPs of SNV019 and rs4290270. The frequencies of the G allele and G/A genotype of SNV019 were significantly higher in the patients with LPE than in the controls (P = .045 and .037, respectively). The A allele and A/A genotype of rs4290270 were more frequent in the patients with LPE than in the controls (P = .037 and .049, respectively). In the dominant model of inheritance, the SNV019 polymorphism in the patients with LPE was significantly different from that in the controls (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 2.936 [1.066–8.084], P = .037). In men with LPE, there was no statistically significant association between genotype and median IELT.

Conclusion
The SNPs SNV019 and rs4290270 of the TPH2 gene seemed to be associated with LPE in the Han population. Men with the A allele of SNV019 or the T allele of rs4290270 may be less likely to suffer from LPE.
Une histoire politique des chiffres de la prison: Conception, production et usages de laStatistique pénitentiaire(1852-1939)
Authors: Génard Elsa , Simioni Melchior 
Published: March 2020

RésumésProduite par l’administration pénitentiaire de façon continue entre 1852 et 1939, laStatistique pénitentiaireest une source fournissant de nombreuses informations sur la situation des prisons. En retraçant l’ensemble de la chaîne d’existence des chiffres de la prison, de leur conception à leur utilisation, cette étude entend mettre en lumière le contraste entre l’importance des moyens que la production de ce document suppose, la diversité des informations qu’il recèle et la faiblesse de ses usages. Pensé initialement comme un outil pour la réforme des prisons, il se présente comme une statistique des établissements pénitentiaires, produite à tous les échelons de l’administration. Alors que les prisons et le crime sont au cœur des débats publics à la fin duxixe siècle, son utilisation en dehors de l’administration apparaît toutefois marginale. Cette discrétion dans les arènes de discussion sur ce sujet révèle un effacement de la statistique des prisons au profit de la statistique judiciaire, plus prestigieuse et plus à même d’alimenter les débats politiques sur la récidive. En 1911, pourtant, un projet de fusion des statistiques judiciaire et pénitentiaire peut apparaître comme une occasion de redonner aux chiffres de la prison une utilité dans la connaissance du crime. Mais l’échec de cette fusion confirme le peu d’intérêt que cette source suscite et s’accompagne d’un appauvrissement conséquent de ses tableaux, avec la suppression des informations sur les individus incarcérés à partir de 1911. Cet article entend ainsi poser la question de l’utilité d’une source qui est apparue peu utile, afin de réinterroger les rapports entre statistique, prison et État.
Hurricane Shutter-Related Injuries Treated in Emergency Departments
Authors: Forrester Mathias B. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:Injuries may occur when putting up and taking down hurricane (storm) shutters. This study described hurricane shutter-related injuries managed at emergency departments (EDs).Methods:Hurricane shutter-related injuries were identified through the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), a database of consumer product-related injuries collected from the EDs of approximately 100 United States hospitals.Results:There were 329 hurricane shutter-related injuries during 2001-2017. Thirty-six injuries were reported during October 2005 (Hurricane Wilma), 30 during August 2008 (Tropical Storm Fay), and 103 during September 2017 (Hurricane Irma). Patients were 20 years or older in 90.6% of the cases; 76.3% of the patients were male. The most frequently reported injuries were laceration (48.9%), sprain or strain (15.2%), and fracture (9.4%). Lower extremities (34.0%) were the most commonly affected body part followed by upper extremities (29.5%) and head or neck (17.0%). The patient was treated or examined at the ED and released in 86.6% of the cases.Conclusions:Over half of the hurricane shutter-related injuries appeared to occur in association with hurricanes and tropical storms. The most frequently reported injuries were laceration followed by sprain or strain and fracture. The majority of patients were treated or examined at the ED and released.
The effect of β-carotene on the mortality of male smokers is modified by smoking and by vitamins C and E: evidence against a uniform effect of nutrient
Authors: Hemilä Harri 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA previous analysis of the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Study on male smokers found that β-carotene supplementation increased the risk of pneumonia 4-fold in those who started smoking at the age of ≥21 years and smoked ≥21 cigarettes/d (a subgroup of 7 % of the study population). The present study hypothesised that β-carotene increases mortality in the same subgroup. The ATBC Study (1985–1993) recruited 29 133 Finnish male smokers (≥5 cigarettes/d) aged 50–69 years. Cox regression models were constructed to estimate the effect of β-carotene supplementation in subgroups. β-Carotene increased mortality (risk ratio 1·56; 95 % CI 1·06, 2·3) in those who started to smoke at ≥21 years and smoked ≥21 cigarettes/d. Within this subgroup, there was strong evidence of further heterogeneity. The effect of β-carotene supplementation was further modified by dietary vitamin C intake, fruit and vegetable intake (P= 0·0004), and by vitamin E supplementation (P= 0·011). Thus, harm from β-carotene was not uniform within the study population. Interactions between β-carotene and vitamins C and E were seen only within a subgroup of 7 % of the ATBC participants, and therefore should not be extrapolated to the general population. Heterogeneity of the β-carotene effect on mortality challenges the validity of previous meta-analyses that have pooled many diverse antioxidants for one single estimate of effect using the assumption that a single estimate equally applies to all antioxidants and all people. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00342992.
#weareone: blood donation, terrorism and dreams of inclusion in Kenya
Authors: Harrington John 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article examines responses to the terrorist attack on the Westgate Shopping Centre in Nairobi in September 2013 in order to investigate the role played by blood donation, as an expression of national dreams, in the political imaginary of contemporary Kenya. It considers the symbolic effectiveness of calls for blood donation made by political figures in the aftermath of the attacks. Such calls drew on a tradition of donation drives begun in the early years of independence, which emphasized the modernizing imperative of the new state and the importance of unity, hard work and self-sacrifice in building the nation. However, the reaction to Westgate, including calls for blood donation, also needs to be understood with reference to the response of American and other leaders to equivalent terrorist attacks in more recent years. These elite dreams found resonance among ordinary citizens and blood donation recruiters. But they were also subjected to trenchant critiques that sought to expose the reality of the transfusion system, as well as the inequality and injustice that mark the general healthcare system and Kenyan society as a whole. These shortcomings were also highlighted by mobilization drives organized by Kenya's Somali and Asian communities both before and during the Westgate crisis. The latter are presented by their organizers as a means of overcoming historic exclusion and discrimination.
Mood sensitivity to estradiol predicts depressive symptoms in the menopause transition
Authors: Gordon Jennifer L. , Sander Bethany , Eisenlohr-Moul Tory A. , Sykes Tottenham Laurie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe risk for depression markedly rises during the 5–6 years leading up to the cessation of menstruation, known as the menopause transition. Exposure to extreme estradiol levels may help explain this increase but few studies have examined individual sensitivity to estradiol in predicting perimenopausal depression.MethodThe current study recruited 101 perimenopausal women. During Phase 1, we quantified each woman's sensitivity to changes in estradiol using 12 weekly measures of estrone-3-glucuronide (E1G), a urinary metabolite of estradiol, and concurrent depressive symptoms. The weekly cortisol awakening response was measured to examine the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in mediating mood sensitivity to estradiol. In Phase 2, depressive symptoms and major depression diagnoses were assessed monthly for 9 months. The relationship between Phase 1 E1G sensitivity and Phase 2 depressive symptoms and major depressive episodes was examined. Several baseline characteristics were examined as potential moderators of this relationship.ResultsThe within-person correlation between weekly E1G and mood varied greatly from woman to woman, both in strength and direction. Phase 1 E1G mood sensitivity predicted the occurrence of clinically significant depressive symptoms in Phase 2 among certain subsets of women: those without a prior history of depression, reporting a low number of baseline stressful life events, and reporting fewer months since their last menstrual period. HPA axis sensitivity to estradiol fluctuation did not predict Phase 2 outcomes.ConclusionMood sensitivity to estradiol predicts risk for perimenopausal depression, particularly among women who are otherwise at low risk and among those who are early in the transition.
Holistic resource-rational analysis
Authors: Haas Julia , Klein Colin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We argue that Lieder and Griffiths’ method for analyzing rational process models cannot capture an important constraint on resource allocation, which is competition between different processes for shared resources (Klein 2018, Biology and Philosophy33:36). We suggest that holistic interactions between processes on at least three different timescales – episodic, developmental, and evolutionary – must be taken into account by a complete resource-bounded explanation.
Heuristics and the naturalistic fallacy
Authors: Kalbach Christopher J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Lieder and Griffith's account of resource-rationality relies heavily on a notion of teleology. In this commentary, I criticize their teleocentric view as being incompatible with evolutionary theory, in which they aim to ground their analysis. As such, to save their view, I argue that they must jettison the notion of teleology, and their teleologically laden conclusions.
Resource-rationality as a normative standard of human rationality
Authors: Colombo Matteo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLieder and Griffiths introduce resource-rational analysis as a methodological device for the empirical study of the mind. But they also suggest resource-rationality serves as a normative standard to reassess the limits and scope of human rationality. Although the methodological status of resource-rational analysis is convincing, its normative status is not.
Resource-rationality beyond individual minds: the case of interactive language use
Authors: Dingemanse Mark 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResource-rational approaches offer much promise for understanding human cognition, especially if they can reach beyond the confines of individual minds. Language allows people to transcend individual resource limitations by augmenting computation and enabling distributed cognition. Interactive language use, an environment where social rational agents routinely deal with resource constraints together, offers a natural laboratory to test resource-rationality in the wild.
Uncovering cognitive constraints is the bottleneck in resource-rational analysis
Authors: Dimov Cvetomir 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A major constraint in resource-rational analysis is cognitive resources. Yet, uncovering the nature of individual components of the human mind has progressed slowly, because even the simplest behavior is a function of most (if not all) of the mind. Accelerating our understanding of the mind's structure requires more efforts in developing cognitive architectures.
Can resources save rationality? “Anti-Bayesian” updating in cognition and perception
Authors: Mandelbaum Eric , Won Isabel , Gross Steven , Firestone Chaz 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Resource rationality may explain suboptimal patterns of reasoning; but what of “anti-Bayesian” effects where the mind updates in a direction opposite the one it should? We present two phenomena – belief polarization and the size-weight illusion – that are not obviously explained by performance- or resource-based constraints, nor by the authors’ brief discussion of reference repulsion. Can resource rationality accommodate them?
Providing informal care next to paid work: explaining care-giving gratification, burden and stress among older workers
Authors: Grünwald Olga , Damman Marleen , Henkens Kène 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith an increasing retirement age, more older adults are combining employment with informal care-giving responsibilities. However, little is known about how older workers experience care-giving activities next to their paid jobs. This study aims to fill this gap by examining how the work situation (i.e. working hours, occupational status and perceived access to human resources practices) is associated with feelings of gratification, burden and stress in care-giving. Using data from the NIDI Pension Panel Survey, we study care-giving experiences – in other words, the extent to which care-giving activities are gratifying, burdensome or stressful – of 1,651 Dutch older workers (age 60–65) who provide care at least once per week. Multivariate analyses reveal that the work situation plays an explanatory role next to socio-demographic factors and indicators of the care-giving situation. Working care-givers who feel they have access to phased retirement and organisational health support experience care-giving as relatively less burdensome and stressful. Moreover, those with access to phased retirement experience relatively higher levels of gratification in care-giving. Our findings suggest that the availability of organisational support relates to lower levels of care-giving burden and stress, and to some extent to higher levels of gratification. Organisations thus play an important role in facilitating the combination of work and care-giving obligations in a context of longer working lives.
Lessons Learned in Developing and Testing a Methotrexate Case Study for Pharmacy Education
Authors: KARWAKI TANYA E. , HAZLET THOMAS K. , WILSON NORTON JENNIFER L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of a complex methotrexate ethics case used in teaching a Pharmacy Law and Ethics course. Qualitative analysis of student reflective writings provided useful insight into the students’ experience and comfort level with the final ethics case in the course. These data demonstrate a greater student appreciation of different perspectives, the potential for conflict in communicating about such cases, and the importance of patient autonomy. Faculty lessons learned are also described, facilitating adoption of this methotrexate ethics case by other healthcare profession educators.