bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19: The immediate response of european academic dental institutions and future implications for dental education
Authors: Quinn Barry , Field James , Gorter Ronald , Akota Ilze , Manzanares Maria‐Cristina , Paganelli Corrado , Davies Julia , Dixon Jonathan , Gabor Gerber , Amaral Mendes Rui , Hahn Petra , Vital Sibylle , O’Brien Judith , Murphy Denis , Tubert‐Jeannin Stéphanie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had an immediate and dramatic impact on dental education. The Association of Dental Education in Europe decided to carry out an investigation to assess the immediate response of European Academic Dental Institutions. An online survey was sent to both member and non‐member dental schools to investigate the impact on non‐clinical and clinical education, assessment and the well‐being/pastoral care measures implemented. The preliminary findings and discussion are presented in this paper, for the responses collected between the 25 March and 5 April 2020. The survey at this time of publication is ongoing, and detailed results can be accessed https://adee.org/covid‐19‐european‐dental‐education%E2%80%99s‐immediate‐response.
Assessing clinical simulation as a learning tool when training motivation skills in Periodontology—Students' perceptions
Authors: Codeço Andreia , Dias Coutinho Verónica Rita , Pereira‐Lopes Otília , Faria‐Almeida Ricardo , Santos Resende Marta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe prevention and long‐term success of the treatment of periodontal diseases depend on patient compliance with oral health; thus, there is a need to alert and motivate them to control the disease. Clinical simulation emerges as a useful teaching strategy in the development of these clinical skills since it allows the replication of real situations interactively using a simulator or role‐play.AimThis study aimed to evaluate clinical simulation as a learning methodology in Periodontology, through students' perceptions.Materials and MethodsA quantitative and descriptive study was developed with 51 students of an undergraduate dentistry degree. Data collection was done through a voluntary, anonymous and confidential survey. Students were asked to express their level of agreement with 27 items using a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5. Statistical analysis included measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, variability and frequency distribution.ResultsStudents believe that clinical simulation contributes to an active participation of learners in their learning process, promoting the development of skills such as communication, priority management and decision‐making. They also mention that debriefing is an essential moment of this process, in which the consolidation of knowledge and the structuring of thought are promoted.ConclusionStudents make a positive evaluation of clinical simulation, perceiving it as an effective learning methodology.
Shedding light on dyskinesias
Authors: Castela Ivan , Hernandez Ledia F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDopamine replacement therapy with L‐DOPA remains the most widely prescribed treatment for Parkinson disease. However, prolonged treatment due to disease progression frequently causes unwanted motor movements known as levodopa‐induced dyskinesias. Previous studies have established that alterations to the efferent circuitry of the striatum, a principal component of the basal ganglia, are in part responsible for the pathological motor consequences of prolonged levodopa treatment. While the role of the striatal direct pathway is widely accepted, the engagement of the striatal indirect pathway in dyskinetic pathophysiology is still under consideration. However, recent investigations have finally shown that the activity of both striatal pathways changes as a consequence of dopamine depletion and dyskinetic behavioural conditions. In addition, it has been reported that drug‐induced structural alterations to indirect pathway medium spiny neurons, together with associated changes in synaptic plasticity and firing patterns, could contribute importantly to the development of dyskinesia. These findings, together with recent opto‐ and chemogenetic studies, suggest that a critical imbalance in the activity between both striatal pathways is sufficient to cause dyskinesia in both rodent and primate models of Parkinson disease. In animal models, and in human patients, dyskinetic behaviours elicited by this efferent pathway imbalance can be achieved even in the absence of dopamine denervation. In this review, we summarize recent and past findings to better understand this complex pathology with the aim of pursuing specific cell‐type therapies to re‐balance efferent striatal activity.
Statins, diabetes mellitus and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: data from 501 patients of a population‐based registry in southwest Germany
Authors: Schumacher J. , Peter R. S. , Nagel G. , Rothenbacher D. , Rosenbohm A. , Ludolph A. C. , Dorst J. ,   ALS Registry Swabia Study Group
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeA wide variety of metabolic changes, including an increased incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and dyslipidaemia, has been described in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of statin use and history of DM with onset of disease and survival in patients with ALS.MethodsIn all, 501 patients (mean age 65.2 ± 10.9 years; 58.5% male) from the ALS Registry Swabia recruited between October 2010 and April 2016 were included in this prospective cohort study. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire.ResultsStatin use (n = 65) was not associated with overall survival (P = 0.62). Age of ALS onset in patients with DM was 4.2 years later (95% confidence interval 1.3–7.2 years) than in patients without DM (P < 0.01). The overall survival of patients with high body mass index at study entry (>27.0 kg/m2, upper quartile, n = 127) was prolonged by more than 5 months compared to patients with low body mass index (<22.0 kg/m2, lower quartile, n = 123; P = 0.04).ConclusionsThis study supports the view that statin use is not associated with overall survival of ALS patients, suggesting that statins are not harmful and should not be discontinued in ALS. Furthermore, the delayed onset of ALS in patients with DM may mirror the potentially protective metabolic profile associated with type 2 DM. Consistently, this study provides further evidence that high body mass index is a positive prognostic factor in ALS.
Interhemispheric distribution of amyloid and small vessel disease burden in cerebral amyloid angiopathy‐related intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Planton M. , Pariente J. , Nemmi F. , Albucher J‐F. , Calviere L. , Viguier A. , Olivot J‐M. , Salabert A‐S. , Payoux P. , Peran P. , Raposo N. 
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating presentation of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), but the mechanisms leading from vascular amyloid deposition to ICH are not well known. Whether amyloid burden and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of small vessel disease (SVD) are increased in the ICH‐affected hemisphere compared to the ICH‐free hemisphere in patients with a symptomatic CAA‐related ICH was investigated.MethodsEighteen patients with CAA‐related ICH and 18 controls with deep ICH who underwent brain MRI and amyloid positron emission tomography using 18F‐florbetapir were prospectively enrolled. In each hemisphere amyloid uptake using the standardized uptake value ratio and the burden of MRI markers of SVD including cerebral microbleeds, chronic ICH, cortical superficial siderosis, white matter hyperintensities and lacunes were evaluated. Interhemispheric comparisons were assessed by non‐parametric matched‐pair tests within each patient group.ResultsAmyloid burden was similarly distributed across the brain hemispheres in patients with CAA‐related ICH (standardized uptake value ratio 1.11 vs. 1.12; P = 0.74). Cortical superficial siderosis tended to be more common in the ICH‐affected hemisphere compared to the ICH‐free hemisphere (61% vs. 33%; P = 0.063). Other MRI markers of SVD did not differ across brain hemispheres. In controls with deep ICH, no interhemispheric difference was observed either for amyloid burden or for MRI markers of SVD.ConclusionsBrain hemorrhage does not appear to be directly linked to amyloid burden in patients with CAA‐related ICH. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms leading to hemorrhage in CAA.
Effectiveness of a short web‐based film targeting parental oral health knowledge in a well‐child care setting
Authors: Verlinden Deborah Ashley , Schuller Annemarie A. , Verrips Gijsbert H. W. , Reijneveld Sijmen A. 
Published: May 2020

Young children rely on their parents with respect to oral health routines. However, parental knowledge on this topic is often insufficient. Well‐child care may be an excellent route to reach parents because almost all of them attend. To evaluate the effectiveness of an 8.5 min web‐based film about oral health, provided by well‐child care, a non‐blinded quasi‐experimental study was performed. Parents attending well‐child care clinics in the Netherlands were assigned to an intervention (n = 88) or control group (n = 41). The control group received care as usual. We measured parental knowledge of oral health with a questionnaire (range of scores 1–12) before and directly after the intervention, and 6 months later, and assessed differences between the intervention and the control group. Parental oral health knowledge improved after watching the film: the intervention group’s mean score of 11.1 (SD 1.3) was greater than the mean score of 7.1 (SD 2.0) of the control group (Cohen's d = 2.64). Scores remained higher in the intervention group 6 months after watching the film (mean 9.1, SD 1.3) than before (Cohen's d = 1.25). A web‐based educational film delivered in a well‐child care setting can be an effective way to address oral health and to improve parental knowledge.
The postictal state — What do we know?
Authors: Pottkämper Julia C. M. , Hofmeijer Jeannette , van Waarde Jeroen A. , van Putten Michel J. A. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis narrative review provides a broad and comprehensive overview of the most important discoveries on the postictal state over the past decades as well as recent developments. After a description and definition of the postictal state, we discuss postictal sypmtoms, their clinical manifestations, and related findings. Moreover, pathophysiological advances are reviewed, followed by current treatment options.
Cenobamate (YKP3089) as adjunctive treatment for uncontrolled focal seizures in a large, phase 3, multicenter, open‐label safety study
Authors: Sperling Michael R. , Klein Pavel , Aboumatar Sami , Gelfand Michael , Halford Jonathan J. , Krauss Gregory L. , Rosenfeld William E. , Vossler David G. , Wechsler Robert , Borchert Leona , Kamin Marc 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveDuring the development of cenobamate, an antiseizure medication (ASM) for focal seizures, three cases of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) occurred. To mitigate the rate of DRESS, a start‐low, go‐slow approach was studied in an ongoing, open‐label, multicenter study. Also examined were long‐term safety of cenobamate and a method for managing the pharmacokinetic interaction between cenobamate, a 2C19 inhibitor, and concomitant phenytoin or phenobarbital.MethodsPatients 18‐70 years old with uncontrolled focal seizures taking stable doses of one to three ASMs were enrolled. Cenobamate 12.5 mg/d was initiated and increased at 2‐week intervals to 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/d. Additional biweekly 50 mg/d increases to 400 mg/d were allowed. During titration, patients taking phenytoin or phenobarbital could not have their cenobamate titration rate or other concomitant ASMs adjusted; phenytoin/phenobarbital doses could be decreased by 25%‐33%.ResultsAt data cutoff (median treatment duration = 9 months), 1347 patients were enrolled, of whom 269 (20.0%) discontinued, most commonly due to adverse events (n = 137) and consent withdrawn for reason other than adverse event (n = 74); 1339 patients received ≥1 treatment dose (median modal dose = 200 mg). The most common treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were somnolence (28.1%), dizziness (23.6%), and fatigue (16.6%). Serious TEAEs occurred in 108 patients (8.1%), most commonly seizure (n = 14), epilepsy (n = 5), and pneumonia, fall, and dizziness (n = 4 each). No cases of DRESS were identified. In the phenytoin/phenobarbital groups, 43.4% (36/114) and 29.7% (11/51) of patients, respectively, had their doses decreased. At the end of titration, mean plasma phenytoin/phenobarbital levels were generally comparable to baseline.SignificanceNo cases of DRESS were identified in 1339 patients exposed to cenobamate using a start‐low (12.5 mg/d), go‐slow titration approach. Cenobamate was generally well tolerated in the long term, with no new safety issues found. Phenytoin/phenobarbital dose reductions (25%‐33%), when needed during cenobamate titration, maintained stable plasma levels.
An Uncontrolled Trial of Flexibly Delivered Relationship Education With Low‐Income, Unmarried Perinatal Couples
Authors: Heyman Richard E. , Baucom Katherine J. W. , Slep Amy M. Smith , Mitnick Danielle M. , Halford W. Kim 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo examine couple and parenting outcomes from an American version of Couple CARE for Parents (CCP) in low‐income, unmarried couples.BackgroundWe adapted an evidence‐based, flexibly delivered program for use with low‐income, unmarried couples, for whom the outcome literature is scarce.MethodCouples (N = 443) were recruited from maternity units and began CCP. They completed measures before, during, and immediately after the intervention and again 6 months later.ResultsExperience of moderate psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) declined and perceived parenting efficacy increased over time; there was no change in severe psychological or physical IPV. Individuals with lower levels of relationship commitment than their partners showed improvement in relationship satisfaction, whereas those with similar or higher levels of commitment maintained their baseline levels despite being in a period of expected satisfaction decline.ConclusionCCP showed some signs of helping low‐income couples during a stressful period, and its flexible service delivery model allowed these couples to participate by reducing the impediments of transportation challenges, conflicting work schedules, and overall time poverty.ImplicationsThe results of this study suggest practitioners interested in using CCP with low‐income couples would likely maximize the impact by (a) focusing on pregnant, first‐time parents; (b) integrating CCP within postnatal health care; and (c) assuming that a considerable minority of couples will avail themselves of only up to two sessions, and thus practitioners should frontload content, making other content optional or just‐in‐time. In addition, nonpsychoeducational elements (e.g., gamification, easy computerized tasks to reduce angry responses, watching couple‐themed movies) could enliven preventative offerings for perinatal couples.
Genesis of an emergency public drug information website by the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Larrouquere Louis , Gabin Manon , Poingt Emmanuelle , Mouffak Amelle , Hlavaty Alex , Lepelley Marion , Khouri Charles , Bellier Alexandre , Alexandre Joachim , Bedouch Pierrick , Bertoletti Laurent , Bordet Regis , Bouhanick Béatrice , Jonville‐Bera Annie‐Pierre , Laporte Silvy , Le Jeunne Claire , Letinier Louis , Micallef Joëlle , Naudet Florian , Roustit Matthieu , Molimard Mathieu , Richard Vincent , Cracowski Jean‐Luc 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOn March 16, 2020, the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics put online a national Question and Answer (Q&A) website, https://sfpt-fr.org/covid19 on the proper use of drugs during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The working group ‘Drugs and COVID‐19’ was composed of a scientific council, an editorial team, and experts in the field. The first questions were posted online during the first evening of home‐confinement in France, March 17, 2020. Six weeks later, 140 Q&As have been posted. Questions on the controversial use of hydroxychloroquine and to a lesser extent concerning azithromycin have been the most consulted Q&As. Q&As have been consulted 226 014 times in 41 days. This large visibility was obtained through an early communication on Twitter, Facebook, traditional print, and web media. In addition, an early communication through the French Ministry of Health and the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety ANSM had a large impact in terms of daily number of views. There is a pressing need to sustain a public drug information service combining the expertise of scholarly pharmacology societies, pharmacovigilance network, and the Ministry of Health to quickly provide understandable, clear, expert answers to the general population’s concerns regarding COVID‐19 and drug use and to counter fake news.
On the formation of ridges and burnished debris along internal fatigue crack propagation in 42CrMo4 steel
Authors: Seleznev Mikhail , Weidner Anja , Biermann Horst 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA detailed microscopic analysis of fracture surfaces of 42CrMo4‐hardened steel after ultrasonic fatigue testing revealed globular and cylindrical particles located in ridges along the crack propagation direction. Observed particles could be easily taken for non‐metallic inclusions; however, chemical analysis showed that they are of the same composition as the steel matrix. The formation of such round‐shaped debris was found to be a result of cutting out the matrix fragments by ‘en passant’ cracks interaction and their subsequent fretting burnishing. Possible correlation of the parameters of ridges and debris with cyclic plastic zone width and martensite structure is discussed.
Increasing the organic carbon stocks in mineral soils sequesters large amounts of phosphorus
Authors: Spohn Marie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite the fact that phosphorus (P) is critical for plant biomass production in many ecosystems, the implications of soil organic carbon (OC) sequestration for the P cycle have hardly been discussed yet. Thus, the aims of this study are, first, to synthesize results about the relationship between C and P in soil organic matter (SOM) and organic matter inputs to soils, second, to review processes that affect the C:P ratio of SOM, and third, to discuss implications of OC storage in terrestrial ecosystems for P sequestration. The study shows that the storage of OC in mineral soils leads to the sequestration of large amounts of organic phosphorus (OP) since SOM in mineral soils is very rich in P. The reasons for the strong enrichment of OP with respect to OC in soils are the mineralization of OC and the formation of microbial necromass that is P‐rich as well as the strong sorption of OP to mineral surfaces that prevents OP mineralization. In particular, the formation of mineral‐associated SOM that is favorable for storing OC in soil over decadal to centennial timescales sequesters large amounts of OP. Storage of 1,000 kg C in the clay size fraction in the topsoils of croplands sequesters 13.1 kg P. In contrast, the OC:OP ratios of wood and of peatlands are much larger than the ones in cropland soils. Thus, storage of C in wood in peatlands sequesters much less P than the storage of OC in mineral soils. In order to increase the C stocks in terrestrial ecosystems and to lock up as little P as possible, it would be more reasonable to protect and restore peatlands and to produce and preserve wood than to store OC in mineral soils.
Histamine and histidine decarboxylase: Immunomodulatory functions and regulatory mechanisms
Authors: Moriguchi Takashi , Takai Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHistamine is a bioactive monoamine that is synthesized by the enzymatic activity of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) in basophils, mast cells, gastric enterochromaffin‐like (ECL) cells and histaminergic neuronal cells. Upon a series of cellular stimuli, these cells release stored histamine, which elicits allergies, inflammation, and gastric acid secretion and regulates neuronal activity. Recent studies have shown that certain other types of myeloid lineage cells also produce histamine with HDC induction under various pathogenic stimuli. Histamine has been shown to play a series of pathophysiological roles by modulating immune and inflammatory responses in a number of disease conditions, whereas the mechanistic aspects underlying induced HDC expression remain elusive. In the present review, we summarize the current understanding of the regulatory mechanism of Hdc gene expression and the roles played by histamine in physiological contexts as well as pathogenic processes. We also introduce a newly developed histaminergic cell‐monitoring transgenic mouse line (Hdc‐BAC‐GFP) that serves as a valuable experimental tool to identify the source of histamine and dissect upstream regulatory signals.
Improvement of the quality stability of vacuum‐packaged fermented fish (Suanyu) stored at room temperature by irradiation and thermal treatments
Authors: Sun Yingying , Xu Yanshun , Gao Pei , Xia Wenshui , Hua Qian , Jiang Qixing 
Published: May 2020

SummaryTo evaluate the effects of irradiation and thermal treatments on the quality characteristics of the vacuum‐packaged low‐salted fermented fish (Suanyu) during 90‐day storage, thermal‐treated group (TTG), irradiated‐treated group (ITG) and non‐treated group (CG) were prepared. The results showed that total viable counts reduced by 4.49 and 4.67 log CFU/g after thermal and irradiation treatments, respectively, and no coliforms and pseudomonas growth occurred during storage. Compared with CG, lower levels in L*, springiness, chewiness of TTG and higher levels in L*, b* and chewiness of ITG were detected after 90‐day storage. Total biogenic amines content was significantly reduced in ITG compared with CG and TTG (P < 0.05). Both irradiation and thermal treatments have the potential to maintain quality of Suanyu during room storage. Compared with irradiation, thermal treatment could better stabilise the free amino acids and volatile compounds of Suanyu during room storage, but had some negative effects on texture quality.
Healing Together
Authors: Moyo Fulata Lusungu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs part of the World Council of Churches’ pilgrimage of justice and peace, the Just Community of Wo/Men organized the “Walking Her‐Story” activity as a gender response. These have remained pilgrim team visits that focus on listening to the stories of wo/men young and old and particularly addressing gender injustice specifically as expressed in sexual and gender‐based violence. This article focuses on the process triggered by such stories in Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, and South Sudan that became the midwife that gave birth to Healing Together – an ecumenical resource for faith‐ and community‐based counselling of those psychosocially wounded by injustice and violence. Rooted in the understanding of mission as healing and wholeness, the stories listened to became a cry for healing and wholeness. The process and product benefited from the richness of my being an ethicist of care nurtured by my ubuntu (communitarian) ethical background, trained in Healing of Memories’ facilitation and as a student of Franklian logotherapy. I worked with survivors of injustice and violence, post‐traumatic stress disorder healing facilitators, and church leaders through the council of churches in Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and South Sudan.