bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thickness‐Dependent Impedance of Composite Battery Electrodes Containing Ionic Liquid‐Based Electrolytes
Authors: Cronau Marvin , Kroll Moritz , Szabo Marvin , Sälzer Fabian , Roling Bernhard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLithium‐ion battery models often neglect the salt concentration polarization inside the electrolyte‐filled pores of the composite electrodes. However, this concentration polarization causes a significant impedance, in particular in the case of electrolytes with low Li+ transference numbers. Here, we analyze in detail measured and calculated impedance spectra of composite electrodes containing a solvate ionic liquid‐based electrolyte and an ionic liquid‐based electrolyte, respectively, in comparison to a conventional carbonate‐based electrolyte. For calculating spectra, we use a recently published model by Huang and Zhang. We find that the impedance at 10−4 Hz, which is relevant for battery cycling rates around 1 C to 2 C, increases in the order carbonate‐based electrolyte<ionic liquid‐based electrolyte<solvate ionic liquid‐based electrolytes, but exhibits a remarkably weak thickness dependence, when the electrode thickness exceeds 50–100 μm. This suggests that electrodes considerably thicker than the conventional 80 μm can be used in batteries without significantly deteriorating battery power.
Is preparation a good reason for prenatal genetic testing? Ethical and critical questions
Authors: Michie Marsha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs prenatal genetic testing technologies have become both easier and more accessible, women are increasingly choosing prenatal genetic testing for a reason that is largely unexamined in the clinical literature: preparation. This reasoning, offered not only from pregnant women but frequently from testing laboratories and health care providers, reflects long‐held assumptions that prenatal genetic results—properly delivered and followed with information, clinical surveillance, and/or social supports—prepare families for a child with a genetic condition, and even improve health and social outcomes for children and families. But these assumptions remain unexamined, since there are no clear definitions or recommendations for prenatal preparation. Preparation may refer to several overlapping ways in which prenatal information may change parents' approach to the rest of the pregnancy, including: (a) clinical activities, including surveillance, interventions, and delivery planning; (b) social and informational support, such as interacting with patient support groups and gathering information about quality of life; and (c) psychological “coping” or adjustments to the reality of raising a child with a genetic condition. These meanings and activities intersect and influence one another and form a foundation for postnatal family adaptation, but they are rarely parsed out in studies examining the impact of prenatal diagnosis. Based on previous work delineating conceptual models as middle terms between theory and reality, we are building a conceptual model that incorporates an empirical understanding of meanings and actions encompassed by prenatal preparation. Comparing diverse families' expectations with the resources they are offered can identify (mis)matches between priorities and approaches.
The Tissue Clock Network: Driver and Gatekeeper of Circadian Physiology
Authors: Harder Lisbeth , Oster Henrik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn mammals, a network of cellular circadian clocks organizes physiology and behavior along the 24‐h day cycle. The traditional hierarchical model of circadian clock organization with a central pacemaker and peripheral slave oscillators has recently been challenged by studies combining tissue‐specific mouse mutants with transcriptome analyses. First, a surprisingly small number of tissue rhythms are lost when only local clocks are ablated and, second, transcriptional circadian rhythms appear to be regulated by a complex mix of local and systemic factors. As reviewed here, these findings suggest a more integrated model of clock network interaction with the central pacemaker as the main source of behavioral and systemic–physiological rhythms and peripheral clocks controlling some local rhythms while at the same time acting as gatekeepers that temporally adjust cellular responses to external stimuli.
Secular evolution of femoral morphology from a clinical perspective
Authors: Schmutz Beat , Schuetz Frederik , Alkadhi Hatem , Rühli Frank , Eppenberger Patrick 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionIntramedullary nailing is the surgical method of choice for the treatment of proximal femur or femoral shaft fractures. Implant manufacturers aim to design implants fitting for the broadest possible population segment. As complete morphological data sets of long bones are not widely available, anatomical collections of historical dry bone specimens may represent abundant additional sources of morphological three‐dimensional (3D) data for implant design, provided they are consistent with present populations. This study aims to investigate secular trends and age‐related changes of femoral morphology of the Caucasian population over the past 800 years.Materials and methodsComputer graphical measurements of 3D‐datasets of right and left femora derived from computed tomography (CT) scans, representative of the present Caucasian population, were compared to computer graphical measurements of 3D‐datasets of right and left femora derived from CT scans of specimens from a historical medieval European bone collection.ResultsClinically relevant parameters of historical medieval European femora were found mostly consistent with correlative data of the present Caucasian population. Additionally, for some of the evaluated parameters, particularly anteversion, morphological differences significantly correlated to individual age and sex could be identified, whereas other parameters such as caput‐collum‐diaphyseal angle or radius of anterior femoral bowing were not correlated to individual age or sex.ConclusionThe findings suggest that more recent historical specimen collections may be a convenient and easily accessible source of new 3D morphological data, as well as to complement existing data, to be used by researchers and manufacturers for the development of intramedullary femoral nails.
Cancer patients’ experiences with immune checkpoint modulators: A qualitative study
Authors: Ala‐Leppilampi Kari , Baker Natalie A. , McKillop Chris , Butler Marcus O. , Siu Lillian L. , Spreafico Anna , Abdul Razak Albiruni R. , Joshua Anthony M. , Hogg David , Bedard Philippe L. , Leighl Natasha , Oza Amit M. , Parsons Janet A. , Hansen Aaron R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundMinimal qualitative data exist on the experiences of cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors or costimulatory antibodies. Understanding the day to day experiences of patients being treated with immune checkpoint modulators, and how these relate to their health‐related quality of life, can inform future research and lead to better clinical decision‐making and care. We report here the first in depth qualitative study to consider patients' diverse and complex experiences with immune checkpoint modulators, with a focus on side effects and how these impact daily life.MethodsThis single‐center qualitative study was based on focus groups and semistructured interviews. Patients who were being treated or who had been treated with immune checkpoint modulators within the last year for a range of cancer diagnoses were recruited. Interpretive description informed our inductive, iterative approach to analysis.ResultsEight themes were identified, characterizing the complexity of these patients' lived experiences: major categories of side effects experienced and how they impacted patient well‐being; the heterogeneous nature of side effects experienced; living with uncertainty; reframing the meaning and severity of SEs; focus on survival, hope, and being positive; acceptance and adaptation; feeling supported; and faith in medical innovation. Throughout their accounts, participants highlighted the profound impact that immune checkpoint modulators had on their daily lives.ConclusionThis is the first in‐depth qualitative study into patient accounts of their experiences of treatment with immune checkpoint modulators, related side effects, and how it impacted their daily lives. This research is an integral initial step in developing an instrument that will assess treatment‐related side effects in patients treated with this form of therapy.
Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity of Crithmum Maritimum L. Essential Oil against Stored‐Product Beetle Tribolium Castaneum
Authors: Mustapha Mayssa Ben , Zardi‐Bergaoui Afifa , Chaieb Ikbel , Flamini Guido , Ascrizzi Roberta , Jannet Hichem Ben 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSeveral plant essential oils have been used against diverse insect pests since, unlike conventional pesticides, they pose almost no risk to humans and the environment. For this reason, the essential oil (EO) isolated from the fresh leaves of Crithmum maritimum L. and its fractions (F1–F5) obtained by chromatographic simplification were investigated for their chemical profile, as well as for their toxicity and repellency effects against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults. The analysis by GC/MS allowed the identification of 92.8–99.1 % of the compositions of the total oil (EO) and of its fractions (F1–F5). The EO and its fractions F3–F5 were characterized by the presence of a high amount of phenylpropanoids (94.4, 94.8, 93.6, and 88.7 %, respectively): in all the samples, dill apiole was the most abundant component (EO: 94.1 %, F3: 94.6 %, F4: 93.4 %, and F5: 83.3 %). In addition, the repellency assay results showed that the volatile fraction F5 and the complete EO exhibited a higher repellency towards T. castaneum (97 % and 93 %, respectively) after 2 h of exposure at the dose of 0.04 μL/cm2. The median lethal dose of the topical application of the EO was 9 %. Furthermore, the fraction F1 possessed interesting contact toxicity against T. castaneum (80 % of mortality) at the concentration of 10 %. These results suggested that the essential oil of C. maritimum leaves might be used as an alternative to synthetic insecticides in order to prevent insects from damaging the stored products.
Review on Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Properties of Fluorinated Nickel‐Cobalt‐Manganese Cathode Active Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Breddemann Ulf , Krossing Ingo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this Review, we report and compare non‐fluorinated with fluorinated cathode active materials (CAMs) based on a nickel‐cobalt‐manganese (NCM) composition such as HE‐NCM, NCM, Ni‐rich, Co‐rich, and Mn‐rich CAMs. We evaluate the CAMs according to their fluoride concentration, the F sources used in the synthesis method, characterization techniques, and battery performance [(initial) capacity or coulombic efficiency at C‐rate before/after cycles and the temperature]. In detail, we address 33 publications with “single” fluorinated NCM CAMs, including F sources such as LiF, [NH4]F, [NH4]FHF, NaF, NiF2, and F2. Furthermore, we give a short overview of 52 articles for “multiple” (anion and cation) treated NCM CAMs. For all reported articles (single and multiple treated NCM CAMs), we give the CAMs, conductive additives, and binder materials, as well their electrolyte compositions.
NaTi2(PO4)3/N‐Doped Hard Carbon Nanocomposites with Sandwich Structure for High‐Performance Na‐Ion Full Batteries
Authors: Sun Rong , Zhang Xudong , San Hui Kwan , Zhang Keliang , Xu Guogang , Li Changgang , Ma Jingyun , He Wen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe well‐matched technology of cathode and anode in Na‐ion full batteries is highly challenging yet critically important in practical applications. Here, the high‐performance Na‐ion full batteries are developed by using NaTi2(PO4)3/N‐doped mesoporous hard carbon hybrid anode and porous Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode. The different anodes are designed for well‐matched Na‐ion full batteries. The unique sandwich and mesoporous structural features endow the hybrid anode with a high reversible capacity (240 mAh g−1 at 1 C), high rate performance (109.7 mAh g−1 at 100 C), ultrahigh energy/power densities (76.56 Wh kg−1/5104 W kg−1) and a long cycle‐life (capacity retention of 92.1 % after 1000 cycles at 100 C) in a half cell. In a full battery this hybrid anode can also deliver a higher capacitive contribution (79.5–87.7 %) and high energy/power densities (104 Wh kg−1/5256 W kg−1). This design provides a promising pathway for developing high performance and low‐cost Na‐ion full batteries.
Of Twists and Curves: Electronics, Photophysics, and Upcoming Applications of Non‐Planar Conjugated Organic Molecules
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Aggarwal Himanshu , Srivastava Aasheesh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNon‐planar conjugated organic molecules (NPCOMs) contain π‐conjugation across their length and also exhibit asymmetry in their conformation. In other words, certain molecular fragments in NPCOMs are either twisted or curved out of planarity. This conformational asymmetry in NPCOMs leads to non‐uniform charge‐distribution across the molecule, with important photophysical and electronic consequences such as altered thermodynamic stability, chemical reactivity, as well as materials properties. Majorly, NPCOMs can be classified as having either Fused or Rotatable architectures. NPCOMs have been the focus of significant scientific attention in the recent past due to their exciting photophysical behavior that includes intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT), thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and long‐lived charge‐separated states. In addition, they also have many useful materials characteristics such as biradical character, semi‐conductivity, dynamic conformations, and mechanochromism. As a result, rational design of NPCOMs and mapping their structure‐property correlations has become imperative. Researchers have executed conformational changes in NPCOMs through a variety of external stimuli such as pH, temperature, anions‐cations, solvent, electric potential, and mechanical force in order to tailor their photophysical, optoelectronic and magnetic properties. Converging to these points, this review highlights the lucrative electronic features, photophysical traits and upcoming applications of NPCOMs by a selective survey of the recent scientific literature.
Amphiphilic Fluorescence Resonance Energy‐Transfer Dyes: Synthesis, Fluorescence, and Aggregation Behavior in Water
Authors: Dou Shilei , Wang Ying , Zhang Xin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAmphiphilic pyrene/perylene bis‐chromophore dyes were synthesized from unsymmetrically substituted perylene bisimide dyes, which were obtained through three synthetic methods. The optical and aggregation behaviors of these functional dyes were studied by means of UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and TEM. These dyes are highly fluorescent and cover the whole visible‐light region. A donor/acceptor dye displays intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), with a high efficiency of up to 96.4 % from pyrene to perylene bisimide chromophores, which leads to a high fluorescence color sensitivity to environmental polarity. Under a λ=365 nm UV lamp, the light‐emitting colors of the donor/acceptor dye change from green to yellow with increasing solvent polarity, which demonstrates application potential as a new class of FERT probes. The donor/acceptor dye in water was assembled into hollow vesicles with a narrow size distribution. The bilayer structure of the vesicular wall was directly observed by means of TEM. These vesicular aggregates in water are fluorescent at λ=650–850 nm within the near‐infrared region.
Modular Construction of Porous Hydrogen‐Bonded Molecular Materials from Melams
Authors: Khadivjam Tinasadat , Che‐Quang Huy , Maris Thierry , Ajoyan Zvart , Howarth Ashlee J. , Wuest James D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOrdered materials with predictable structures and properties can be made by a modular approach, using molecules designed to interact with neighbors and hold them in predetermined positions. Incorporating 4,6‐diamino‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl (DAT) groups in modules is an effective way to direct assembly because each DAT group can form multiple N−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonds according to established patterns. We have found that modules with high densities of N(DAT)2 groups can be made by base‐induced double triazinylations of readily available amines. The resulting modules can form structures held together by remarkably large numbers of hydrogen bonds per molecule. Even simple modules with only 1–3 N(DAT)2 groups and fewer than 70 non‐hydrogen atoms can crystallize to form highly open networks in which each molecule engages in over 20 N−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonds, and more than 70 % of the volume is available for accommodating guests. In favorable cases, guests can be removed to create rigorously porous crystalline solids analogous to zeolites and metal–organic frameworks.
Pd Nanoparticles Supported on Triangle‐Shaped La2O2CO3 Nanosheets: A New Highly Efficient and Durable Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde to Hydrocinnamaldehyde
Authors: Wang Fei , Bi Yanshuai , Hu Kai , Wei Xuejiao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA catalyst in which Pd nanoparticles are supported on triangle‐shaped La2O2CO3 nanosheets exposing predominantly the (001) planes (Pd/La2O2CO3‐TNS; where TNS denotes triangular nanosheets) was prepared by a facile solvothermal method. The Pd/La2O2CO3‐TNS catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic activity and recycling stability for hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to hydrocinnamaldehyde with turnover frequency of up to 41 238 h−1. This enhanced activity of Pd/La2O2CO3‐TNS results from strong metal–support interactions. Structure analysis and characterization demonstrated that surface‐oxygen‐enriched La2O2CO3‐TNS supports exposing (001) planes are beneficial to charge transfer between the Pd nanoparticles and triangle‐shaped La2O2CO3 nanosheets and increase the electron density of Pd. Moreover, the modulated electronic states of the Pd/La2O2CO3‐TNS catalysts can enhance the adsorption and activation of hydrogen to enhance the hydrogenation activity.
Empowering organic‐based negative electrode material based on conjugated lithium carboxylate through molecular design
Authors: Fédèle Lionel , Ouari Olivier , Sauvage Frédéric , Thiam Amadou , Becuwe Matthieu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this article, we describe the design and gram‐scale synthesis of a new anthracene‐based negative electrode material for Li‐ion batteries. Based on rational design, featuring a strong electronic delocalization and a long conjugation length, this material has power performance to date unmatched for a conjugated lithium carboxylate, displaying a gravimetric capacity of 150 mAh g−1 at a cycling rate of 20 Li+/h (10 C) without any electrode engineering. Additionally, to the design, partial solubility of the fully reduced phase may also explain the electrochemical performances obtained at a low and high rate.
Rigid Amine‐Induced Pseudo‐3 D Lead‐Free Bismuth Halide Perovskite with an Improved Band Edge for Visible‐Light Absorption
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Wen Rui , Liu Yuanyuan , Bi Le‐Yu , Yang Mingming , Sun Huaming , Zheng Yan‐Zhen , Zhang Guofang , Gao Ziwei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBismuth organometal halide perovskites have recently been investigated as potential substitutes for lead perovskite solar‐cell absorbers because of their lower toxicity. However, the narrowing of the band gap remains a crucial challenge for their practical application. All known Bi‐based perovskites have large band gaps, thereby affording weak visible‐light absorption. This study concerns a novel, lead‐free, pseudo‐3 D perovskite optoelectronic material, (MV)BiI5 (MV2+=methyl viologen). The pseudo‐3 D metal‐halogen perovskite‐like structure is constructed by connecting [BiI5] 2+ units via I⋅⋅⋅I contacts. MV, as a rigid organic amine, is located at the center of each parallelepiped to balance the charge and stabilize the structure. (MV)BiI5 has a narrow band gap of 1.48 eV and a better photoresponse than (MV)BiCl5 with a 1 D structure. (MV)BiI5 is the first Bi‐based perovskite compound with a band gap energy comparable with (CH3NH3)PbI3, which is encouraging for optoelectronic applications. This research will open a potential pathway for the design of pseudo‐3 D Bi‐based perovskites with performances comparable with APbX3 absorbers.
An efficient hardware implementation of the elliptic curve cryptographic processor over prime field,
Authors: Kudithi Thirumalesu , R Sakthivel 
Published: March 2020

SummaryElliptic curve cryptography (ECC) schemes are widely adopted for the digital signature applications due to their key sizes, hardware resources, and higher security per bit than Rivest‐Shamir‐Adleman (RSA). In this work, we proposed a new hardware architecture for elliptic curve scalar multiplication (ECSM) in Jacobian coordinates over prime field,
. This is a combination of point doubling and point addition architecture, implemented using resource sharing concept to achieve high speed and low hardware resources, which is synthesized both in field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) and application‐specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The proposed ECSM takes 1.76 and 2.44 ms on Virtex‐7 FPGA platform over 224‐bit and 256‐bit prime field, respectively. Similarly, ASIC (GF 40 nm complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor [CMOS]) technology implementation provides energy efficient with a latency of 0.46 and 0.6 ms over prime field
and
, respectively. This design provides better area‐delay product and high throughput value in both FPGA and ASIC when compared with other designs.
Use of Ghost Cytometry to Differentiate Cells with Similar Gross Morphologic Characteristics
Authors: Adachi Hiroaki , Kawamura Yoko , Nakagawa Keiji , Horisaki Ryoichi , Sato Issei , Yamaguchi Satoko , Fujiu Katsuhito , Waki Kayo , Noji Hiroyuki , Ota Sadao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractImaging flow cytometry shows significant potential for increasing our understanding of heterogeneous and complex life systems and is useful for biomedical applications. Ghost cytometry is a recently proposed approach for directly analyzing compressively measured signals of cells, thereby relieving a computational bottleneck for real‐time data analysis in high‐throughput imaging cytometry. In our previous work, we demonstrated that this image‐free approach could distinguish cells from two cell lines prepared with the same fluorescence staining method. However, the demonstration using different cell lines could not exclude the possibility that classification was based on non‐morphological factors such as the speed of cells in flow, which could be encoded in the compressed signals. In this study, we show that GC can classify cells from the same cell line but with different fluorescence distributions in space, supporting the strength of our image‐free approach for accurate morphological cell analysis. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry