bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cómo lograr que los niños argumenten
Authors: Ortega de Hocevar Susana 
Published: June 2020

El objetivo de este capítulo es compartir dos experiencias de enseñanza de la argumentación en niños que cursan la escolaridad básica o primaria en colegios de Mendoza, Argentina, producto de tres investigaciones realizadas en la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. El interrogante: ¿pueden los niños argumentar? guió nuestras indagaciones. Dado que el libro en el que se inserta este capítulo está destinado a la enseñanza de la argumentación, mostraremos, en primer lugar, una breve síntesis de investigaciones latinoamericanas, seguida de una escueta referencia al marco conceptual para centrarnos en el propósito mencionado: cómo enseñar a producir textos argumentativos. Para ello se presentará la secuencia didáctica elaborada para su implementación en los cursos experimentales. Finalmente, presentaremos las conclusiones que nos permiten sostener que la competencia de los niños para argumentar se desarrolla desde etapas tempranas y que se puede acrecentar con la aplicación de secuencias didácticas diseñadas especialmente para este logro.
Gestante com esclerose múltipla: reflexão fenomenológica da mulher quanto ao parto
Authors: Belarmino Adriano Da Costa , Azevedo Leonara Jesuana Martins , Teixeira Ana Karoline Marques , Sousa Bruna Aparecida Teixeira , Alves Larissa Cunha , Ferreira junior Antonio Rodrigues 
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: descrever o parto e o nascimento na perspectiva da portadora de esclerose múltipla.Materiais e método: estudo fenomenológico alicerçado na fenomenologia descritiva de Husserl e na fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz. A descrição foi obtida por meio de entrevista fenomenológica efetuada com puérpera em agosto de 2018 em um hospital do Nordeste, Brasil. Foi aplicada a redução fenomenológica eidética para analisar os discursos da mulher com esclerose no pós-parto.Resultados: da análise dos depoimentos, emergiram as categorias: Medo de engravidar com esclerose múltipla (EM), Dor terrível e medo do parto, e Felicidade com o bebê. Conclusões: a maternidade em condições crônicas como a EM proporciona novos significados no mundo da vida, em que o nascimento do bebê projeta novas perspectivas positivaspara o futuro da mulher.
Drug Testing for Residual Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Mice Beyond Therapy with Metformin, Ramipril, and Empagliflozin
Authors: Motrapu Manga , Świderska Monika Katarzyna , Mesas Irene , Marschner Julian Aurelio , Lei Yutian , Martinez Valenzuela Laura , Fu Jia , Lee Kyung , Angelotti Maria Lucia , Antonelli Giulia , Romagnani Paola , Anders Hans-Joachim , Anguiano Lidia 
Published: June 2020

Significance Statement
Assessing a drug in a disease model more closely replicates the clinical situation if standard drugs are included in the study design. In a progressive-stage mouse model of obesity-related type 2 diabetes, bromoindirubin-3′-oxime (BIO) as an add-on to dual renin-angiotensin system (RAS)/sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT)-2 inhibition with metformin, ramipril, and empagliflozin showed remarkable effects. Quantitative end point analysis included the slope of measured GFR and filtration slit ultrastructure. Add-on BIO attenuated GFR decline by further reducing glomerulosclerosis, increasing podocyte numbers through sustaining specialization as well as inducing de novo differentiation from podocyte progenitors, and improving filtration slit density. The findings are a proof-of-concept for testing novel drugs for renoprotective effects beyond dual RAS/SGLT2 inhibition for diabetic kidney disease.

Background
Progression of CKD in type 2 diabetes, despite dual inhibition of sodium-glucose transporter-2 and the renin-angiotensin system, remains a concern. Bromoindirubin-3′-oxime (BIO), previously reported to promote podocyte survival and regeneration, is a candidate additional drug to elicit renoprotective effects beyond therapy with metformin, ramipril, and empagliflozin (MRE). Evaluating a drug with standard therapeutics more closely mimics the clinical setting than evaluating the drug alone.

Methods
Uninephrectomized BKS-Lepr−/− (db/db) mice treated with or without MRE served as a model of progressive CKD in type 2 diabetes. Mice on or off MRE were randomized to only 4 weeks of add-on BIO or vehicle. The primary end point was slope of GFR (ΔGFR).

Results
Four weeks of MRE treatment alone did not affect ΔGFR, but significantly attenuated hyperglycemia, albuminuria, and glomerulosclerosis and increased podocyte filtration slit density, as assessed by STED super-resolution microscopy upon tissue clearing. BIO alone improved albuminuria, podocyte density in superficial and juxtamedullary nephrons, and podocyte filtration slit density. MRE+BIO combination therapy had additive protective effects on ΔGFR, glomerulosclerosis, podocyte density in juxtamedullary nephrons, and filtration slit density.

Conclusions
Add-on treatment with BIO for only 4 weeks attenuates progression of CKD beyond MRE therapy in mice with type 2 diabetes. Additional drug combinations may help to further delay ESKD in type 2 diabetes.
Application of metallization coatings for protection of submersible electric motors of pumping equipment from influence of complicating factors in oil wells
Authors: Knyazeva Zh. V. , Yudin P. E. , Petrov S. S. , Maksimuk A. V. 
Published: June 2020

The paper provides a review of results obtained when using metallization coatings to protect the outer surface of electric centrifugal pump (ECP) equipment against the complicating factors in oil wells. Metallization coating is applied by thermal spraying using the method selected based on the chemical composition, materials used and properties of the finished coating. The most common coatings on the Russian market are Monel and alloys based on austenitic stainless steel applied by methods of electric arc metallization or high-speed spraying. Traditional coatings obtained by thermal spraying feature by insufficiently high level of physical, mechanical and chemical properties. The studies of failed cases of submersible motors show that most critical shortcomings of the coatings used include insufficient resistance to mechanical impact and abrasive wear, higher electrochemical potential in relation to the base metal, application technology violations, and significant coating porosity. One of the main reasons for the observed shortcomings is the limited number of traditionally used methods and materials. In order to solve the problem of using protective coatings for submersible motors, significantly improve their properties, service life and economic efficiency, it is necessary to use modern achievements of science in the development of coatings to protect metal surfaces from wear and corrosion, namely: to expand the number of methods and materials for coating application; to develop a methodology for coating quality assessment; to develop a methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of protective coatings. Solving these tasks will enable a reasonable technical and economic choice of a specific submersible motor coating for specific operating conditions.
Low-SNR Microseismic Detection Using DirectP-Wave Arrival Polarization
Authors: Mukuhira Yusuke , Poliannikov Oleg V. , Fehler Michael C. , Moriya Hirokazu 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTDetection and analysis of small magnitude events is valuable for better characterization and understanding of reservoirs in addition to developing strategies for mitigating induced seismicity. Three-component (3C) receivers, which are now widely used, are commonly deployed in boreholes to provide continuous seismic data amenable to novel and powerful analysis. Using multicomponent continuous records of ground motion, we utilize two principal features of the direct P-wave arrival: (1) linearity and (2) polarization in the direction along the ray path to the source region to detect small magnitude events undetectable by conventional methods. We evaluate the linearity of polarization and direction of arrival in the time and frequency domains by introducing the spectral matrix analysis method and combine them into a scalar characteristic function that is thresholded for event detection purposes. We boost the signal-to-noise ratio by stacking characteristic functions obtained at different 3C receivers along an empirical moveout of a master event known to have occurred in an area of interest. This allows us to detect smaller events and spatially tie them to a relatively small area around the large event. We apply our method to field data recorded at the Groningen gas ﬁeld in the Netherlands. Our method detects all catalog events as well as several previously undetected events.
Fault Rerupture during the July 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Pair from Joint Slip Inversion of InSAR, Optical Imagery, and GPS
Authors: Magen Yohai , Ziv Alon , Inbal Asaf , Baer Gidon , Hollingsworth James 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe Ridgecrest earthquake pair ruptured a previously unknown orthogonal fault system in the eastern California shear zone. The stronger of the two, an Mw 7.1 earthquake that occurred on 6 July 2019, was preceded by an Mw 6.4 foreshock that occurred 34 hr earlier. In this study, distinct final slip distributions for the two earthquakes are obtained via joint inversion of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), optical imagery, and Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements. Special attention is paid to the merging of dense (e.g., InSAR and optical imagery) and sparse geodetic (e.g., GPS) datasets. In addition, a new approach is introduced for data and model discretization through intermittent model- and data-space reconditioning that stabilizes the inversion, thus ensuring that small changes in the data space do not cause disproportionate large changes to the model space. Although the coseismic slip of the Mw 6.4 earthquake was complex, involving three distinct asperities distributed among an intersecting orthogonal set of faults, the coseismic slip of the Mw 7.1 earthquake was limited to the main northwest-striking fault. In addition to the Mw 7.1 earthquake, that northwest-striking fault plane also hosted one of the Mw 6.4 asperities. Slip on this coplanar foreshock asperity increased the shear stress at the future site of the Mw 7.1 hypocenter, and triggered a vigorous aftershock activity on the main northwest fault that culminated in its rupture. This, in turn, reactivated the coplanar foreshock asperity. In addition to failing twice within 34 hr, we find that the reruptured asperity slipped about six times more during the Mw 7.1 than during the Mw 6.4 earthquake. This repeated failure is indicative of an incomplete stress drop and premature rupture arrest during the Mw 6.4 foreshock, requiring an efficient frictional strengthening and emphasizing the causal link between highly rate-dependent friction, dynamic frictional restrengthening, and partial stress drop that has been observed in numerical studies of frictional sliding.
The Predictive Skills of Elastic Coulomb Rate-and-State Aftershock Forecasts during the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Mancini Simone , Segou Margarita , Werner Maximilian Jonas , Parsons Tom 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTOperational earthquake forecasting protocols commonly use statistical models for their recognized ease of implementation and robustness in describing the short-term spatiotemporal patterns of triggered seismicity. However, recent advances on physics-based aftershock forecasting reveal comparable performance to the standard statistical counterparts with significantly improved predictive skills when fault and stress-field heterogeneities are considered. Here, we perform a pseudoprospective forecasting experiment during the first month of the 2019 Ridgecrest (California) earthquake sequence. We develop seven Coulomb rate-and-state models that couple static stress-change estimates with continuum mechanics expressed by the rate-and-state friction laws. Our model parameterization supports a gradually increasing complexity; we start from a preliminary model implementation with simplified slip distributions and spatially homogeneous receiver faults to reach an enhanced one featuring optimized fault constitutive parameters, finite-fault slip models, secondary triggering effects, and spatially heterogenous planes informed by pre-existing ruptures. The data-rich environment of southern California allows us to test whether incorporating data collected in near-real time during an unfolding earthquake sequence boosts our predictive power. We assess the absolute and relative performance of the forecasts by means of statistical tests used within the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability and compare their skills against a standard benchmark epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model for the short (24 hr after the two Ridgecrest mainshocks) and intermediate terms (one month). Stress-based forecasts expect heightened rates along the whole near-fault region and increased expected seismicity rates in central Garlock fault. Our comparative model evaluation not only supports that faulting heterogeneities coupled with secondary triggering effects are the most critical success components behind physics-based forecasts, but also underlines the importance of model updates incorporating near-real-time available aftershock data reaching better performance than standard ETAS. We explore the physical basis behind our results by investigating the localized shut down of pre-existing normal faults in the Ridgecrest near-source area.
Surface Displacement Distributions for the July 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Ruptures
Authors: DuRoss Christopher B. , Gold Ryan D. , Dawson Timothy E. , Scharer Katherine M. , Kendrick Katherine J. , Akciz Sinan O. , Angster Stephen J. , Bachhuber Jeffrey , Bacon Steven , Bennett Scott E. K. , Blair Luke , Brooks Benjamin A. , Bullard Thomas , Burgess W. Paul , Chupik Colin , DeFrisco Michael , Delano Jaime , Dolan James F. , Frost Erik , Graehl Nick , Haddon Elizabeth K. , Hatem Alexandra E. , Hernandez Janis L. , Hitchcock Christopher , Hudnut Kenneth , Thompson Jobe Jessica , Koehler Richard , Kozaci Ozgur , Ladinsky Tyler , Madugo Christopher , McPhillips Devin S. , Milliner Christopher , Morelan Alexander , Olson Brian , Patton Jason , Philibosian Belle , Pickering Alexandra J. , Pierce Ian , Ponti Daniel J. , Seitz Gordon , Spangler Eleanor , Swanson Brian , Thomas Kate , Treiman Jerome , Valencia Francesca , Williams Alana , Zinke Robert 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTSurface rupture in the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence occurred along two orthogonal cross faults and includes dominantly left-lateral and northeast-striking rupture in the Mw 6.4 foreshock and dominantly right-lateral and northwest-striking rupture in the Mw 7.1 mainshock. We present &gt;650 field-based, surface-displacement observations for these ruptures and synthesize our results into cumulative along-strike displacement distributions. Using these data, we calculate displacement gradients and compare our results with historical strike-slip ruptures in the eastern California shear zone. For the Mw 6.4 rupture, we report 96 displacements measured along 18 km of northeast-striking rupture. Cumulative displacement curves for the rupture yield a mean left-lateral displacement of 0.3–0.5 m and maximum of 0.7–1.6 m. Net mean vertical displacement based on the difference of down-to-the-west (DTW) and down-to-the-east (DTE) displacement curves is close to zero (0.02 m DTW). The Mw 6.4 displacement distribution shows that the majority of displacement occurred southwest of the intersection with the Mw 7.1 rupture. The Mw 7.1 rupture is northwest-striking and 50 km long based on 576 field measurements. Displacement curves indicate a mean right-lateral displacement of 1.2–1.7 m and a maximum of 4.3–7.0 m. Net vertical displacement in the rupture averages 0.3 m DTW. The Mw 7.1 displacement distributions demonstrate that maximum displacement occurred along a 12-km-long portion of the fault near the Mw 7.1 epicenter, releasing 66% of the geologically based seismic moment along 24% of the total rupture length. Using our displacement distributions, we calculate kilometer-scale displacement gradients for the Mw 7.1 rupture. The steepest gradients (∼1–3  m/km) flank the 12-km-long region of maximum displacement. In contrast, gradients for the 1992 Mw 7.3 Landers and 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine earthquakes are &lt;0.6  m/km. Our displacement distributions are important for understanding the influence of cross-fault rupture on Mw 6.4 and 7.1 rupture length and displacement and will facilitate comparisons with distributions generated remotely and at broader scales.
Examination and clinical correlation of olfactory system disorders by an objective method Sniffin' Sticks odor test in Parkinson's disease
Authors: TURKMEN Nur , SÜCÜLLÜ KARADAĞ Yeşim , ÖZTEKİN Zeynep Neşe 
Published: June 2020

Objectives: This study is aimed to investigate the frequency of olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and its relationship with motor/non-motor symptoms and treatment in comparison to isolated olfactory dysfunction patients and healthy controls.Methods: This study includes 40 PD patients, 37 anosmia patients and 42 healthy controls. PD patients are evaluated with PD evaluation form including; sociodemographic features, disease history, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score, and Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) score. All patients were evaluated with cranial CT and MRI. Olfactory function was evaluated with Sniffin' Sticks Test (SST). A p value &lt; 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results::The mean age and median disease duration of PD patients were 62.2 ± 11.9 and 4.5 years, respectively. Fifteen of them had comorbid diseases. Median UPDRS score was 19.5 (4-60) and 67.5% of subjects were H-Y Stage-1. Most frequent non-motor symptom was constipation (67.5%). Olfactory dysfunction was found in 75% of PD patients by SST. No difference was observed between PD patients with or without olfactory dysfunction regarding non-motor symptoms and dementia (p &gt; 0.05). Patients with isolated olfactory dysfunction were significntly younger than both patients with PD and the healthy controls (p &lt;0.001). Non-motor symptoms were not significantly different between isolated olfactory dysfunction group and healthy subjects (p &gt; 0.05). ﻿Conclusions: Most of the patients with PD had olfactory dysfunction, which was found not to be correlated with disease duration and stage based on the results of an objective test, namely Sniffin-Sticks odor test.This result might support the role of non-dopaminergic pathways in the etiopathogenesis of olfactory dysfunctions in PD. In clinical practice, data from further studies is required to comment on an ideal screening or diagnostic test in the olfactory system evaluation of early stage PD patients that would be repeatable and objective.
Optimasi dan Validasi Metode Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi untuk Menetapkan Kadar Asam Klorogenat dalam Ekstrak Etanol Daun Yakon (Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Endl.) H. Robinson)
Authors: Aziz Zuhelmi , Nurhidayati Liliek , Abdillah Syamsudin , Yuliana Nancy Dewi , Simanjuntak Partomuan 
Published: June 2020

<p><span id="docs-internal-guid-c5cb41fa-7fff-bcb7-a369-034e4910c35f"><span>Yakon merupakan tanaman yang dapat digunakan untuk pengobatan dan kebutuhan pangan. Salah satu kandungan zat berkhasiat dalam daun yakon adalah asam klorogenat. Asam klorogenat diketahui memiliki aktifitas sebagai antioksidan, antikanker dan antidiabetes. Penentuan kadar asam klorogenat dalam matriks yang kompleks diperlukan metode yang selektif dengan ketelitian dan ketepatan yang baik. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan optimasi dan validasi metode kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT) fase balik untuk penetapan kadar asam klorogenat. Ekstrak dibuat secara ultrasonikasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 95%. Kondisi optimum diperoleh menggunakan fase gerak asam format 0,1% dalam asetonitril–asam format 0,1% dalam air (gradien); fase diam oktadesilsilan (C</span><span><span>18</span></span><span>) pada suhu 30 ºC dan detektor UV pada panjang gelombang 328 nm. Metode KCKT ini memberikan hasil yang memiliki ketelitian yang tinggi dengan simpangan baku relatif 0,79% dan ketepatan yang baik dengan perolehan kembali 97,50%. Kadar asam klorogenat yang diperoleh dalam ekstrak etanol 95% daun yakon sebesar 1,02%.</span></span></p><p> </p><p dir="ltr"><span>Optimization and Validation of High Performance Liquid Chromatography Methods for Determination of Chlorogenic Acid Levels in Ethanol Extracts of Yakon Leaves (</span><span>Smallanthus sonchifolius</span><span> (Poepp. &amp; Endl.) H. Robinson). </span><span>Yacon is a plant that can be used for medication and food needs. One of the bioactive compounds of yacon leaves is chlorogenic acid. Chlorogenic acid has various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer and antidiabetic activities. </span><span>To determine the chlorogenic acid in such complex matrix, such selective methods with good precision and acuracy are required.</span><span> In this study, the optimization and validation of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for chlorogenic acid determination </span><span>were performed</span><span>. The extract was prepared by ultrasonication in 95% ethanol</span><span>.</span><span>The optimized condition for HPLC </span><span>obtained was by using</span><span> mobile phase 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile – 0.1% formic acid in water with gradient elution, stationary phase octadesylsilane (C</span><span><span>18</span></span><span>) at 30 </span><span><span>o</span></span><span>C and UV detector at of 328 nm. The result showed that HPLC method had high precicion with relative standard deviation of 0.79% and high accuracy with recovery of 97.50%. The chlorogenic acid in the ethanol 95% extract of </span><span>Y</span><span>acon leaves was 1,02%.</span></p><div><span><br /></span></div>