bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can artificial intelligence, RegTech and CharityTech provide effective solutions for anti-money laundering and counter-terror financing initiatives in charitable fundraising
Authors: Singh Charanjit , Lin Wangwei 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Artificial intelligence has had a major impact on organisations from Banking through to Law Firms. The rate at which technology has developed in terms of tasks that are complex, technical and time-consuming has been astounding. The purpose of this paper is to explore the solutions that AI, RegTech and CharityTech provide to charities in navigating the vast amount of anti-money laundering and counter-terror finance legislation in the UK; so that they comply with the requirements and mitigate the potential risk they face but also develop a more coherent and streamlined set of actions.

Design/methodology/approach
The subject is approached through the analysis of data, literature and, domestic and international regulation. The first part of the paper explores the current obligations and risks charities face, these are then, in the second part, set against the examination of potential technological solutions as of August 2020.

Findings
It is suggested that charities underestimate the importance of the nature and size of the threat posed to them, this is significant, as demonstrated, given the growing size and impact of the sector. Technological solutions are suggested to combat the issues charities face.

Originality/value
The study is original because it is the first to create the notion of CharityTech and to specifically explore what technological advances can assist charities in meeting the regulatory compliance challenge.
Procurement planning as a strategic tool for public procurement effectiveness: Experience from selected public procuring entities in Dodoma city, Tanzania
Authors: Changalima Ismail Abdi , Mushi Gift Onesmo , Mwaiseje Shadrack Samwel 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The significance of the public procurement function is on the survival and development of procuring entities and that of a nation at large. This study aims to focus on examining the influence of procurement planning on the effectiveness of public procurement, experience from selected public procuring entities in Dodoma city, Tanzania.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional design was adopted from which data were collected from 146 respondents who were purposively chosen from several public procuring entities located at Dodoma city in the United Republic of Tanzania by using a survey structured questionnaire and analysed through a binary logistic regression model.

Findings
Findings revealed that procurement planning as a strategic function significantly influences the effectiveness of public procurement. The binary logistic regression model included the implementation of prepared procurement plans (p = 0.039), the involvement of users as stakeholders and important institutional actors in public procurement (p = 0.033), compliance to procurement laws and regulations when planning (p = 0.016) and adequacy of budget (p = 0.042) as predictors of procurement planning were tested to be significantly related to the effectiveness of public procurement. It was concluded that public procuring entities can achieve public procurement effectiveness through procurement planning.

Social implications
The implications and policy recommendations of the findings of this study would be useful to procurement practitioners mostly in public procuring entities.

Originality/value
This study contributes to adding knowledge to the existing body of knowledge on procurement planning as an imperative activity in public procurement in Tanzania.
Discovering the linear relationship of service quality, satisfaction, attitude and loyalty for banks in Albaha, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Zia Adil 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This study aims to examine the factors that lead to loyalty in bank customers. It establishes a relationship of service quality (SQ) with satisfaction and attitude that leads to customer loyalty. The impact of SQ along with satisfaction and attitude on customer loyalty is explored.

Design/methodology/approach
Primary data was collected from 1,097 customers of the banking service. Structural equation modelling (SEM) and multiple regression analyses was used to analyse the data. The adaption of multiple regression and SEM for the analysis authenticates the similar findings in both the methods of analysis.

Findings
All the factors contribute to the formation of SQ. There exists a linear relationship of SQ, satisfaction and attitude in the formation of customer loyalty.

Research limitations/implications
Sample can be more diverse and collected from different cities as well. Similar studies are possible for diverse demographic groups such as gender, age, education and others.

Practical implications
The results of this study have significant implications for understanding customer loyalty for banks of Saudi Arabia.

Originality/value
This research attempts to explore the factors responsible for the SQ in banks of Saudi Arabia so as to establish a relationship between SQ, satisfaction, attitude and loyalty.
Statistical models for the mechanical properties of 3D printed external medical aids
Authors: Moreno Rafael , Carou Diego , Carazo-Álvarez Daniel , Gupta Munish Kumar 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
3D printing is gaining attention in the medical sector for the development of customized solutions for a wide range of applications such as temporary external implants. The materials used for the manufacturing process are critical, as they must provide biocompatibility and adequate mechanical properties. This study aims to evaluate and model the influence of the printing parameters on the mechanical properties of two biocompatible materials.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the mechanical properties of 3D-printed specimens of two biocompatible materials (ABS medical and PLActive) were evaluated. The influence of several printing parameters (infill density, raster angle and layer height) was studied and modelled on three response variables: ultimate tensile strength, deformation at the ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus. Therefore, statistical models were developed to predict the mechanical responses based on the selected printing parameters.

Findings
The used methodology allowed obtaining compact models that show good fit, particularly, for both the ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus. Regarding the deformation at ultimate tensile strength, this output was found to be influenced by more factors and interactions, resulting in a slightly less precise model. In addition, the influence of the printing parameters was discussed in the work.

Originality/value
The presented paper proposed the use of statistical models to select the printing parameters (infill density, raster angle and layer height) to optimize the mechanical response of external medical aids. The models will help users, researchers and firms to develop optimized solutions that can reduce material costs and printing time but guaranteeing the mechanical response of the parts.
The influence of the MEX manufacturing parameters on the tensile elastic response of printed elements
Authors: Bryła Jakub 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the influence of the manufacturing stages on three-dimensionally printed elements via material extrusion (MEX).

Design/methodology/approach
Three factors were identified: the printer, slicer and filament. The impact of each of them was considered by analysing the results from tensile tests, performed on the printed specimens. Using the Prusa MK3S and Anet A6 printers, Cura and PrusaSlicer software as well as Prusa and Plast-Spaw filaments allowed to determine the main factor which affected the differences in the observed sample responses. Additionally, two manufacturing parameters were considered: the infill density and layer height.

Findings
The obtained results showed that the experimental results depend on the process parameters. Firstly, the slicer and next, the printer, had the biggest impact on the mechanical behaviour of the samples, where the first determined the stiffness of the investigated parameter and the second determined its distribution. Finally, the presented results showed that the algorithms implemented in the slicers can have a greater significance that the defined inputs value.

Originality/value
The paper’s aim is recognition of the main sources of inaccuracies in elements produced via the MEX technology. The presented results showed that slicer inputs influenced the mean values of the printed elements’ mechanical parameters, while the printer features affected their distribution. Moreover, the results showed that mechanical behaviours of printed elements can differ significantly depending on the software used. It could explain the discrepancies presented in the conclusions by various researchers.
Understanding the relationships between global supply chain risk and supply chain resilience: the role of mitigating strategies
Authors: Um Juneho , Han Neungho 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This study aims to theoretically hypothesise and empirically explore the relationships amongst global supply chain risks, supply chain resilience and mitigating strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
The study adopts supply chain resilience as a dynamic capability and resilience capability as a mediating prerequisite in addressing supply chain risk in sourcing, manufacturing and delivery. The moderating role of diverse mitigating strategies is tested to enhance supply chain resilience. Data collected via survey was used for structural equation modelling and additional tests to explore appropriate mitigating strategies for differing risk environments.

Findings
Achieving better supply chain resilience capability plays an important mediating role between supply chain risks and resilience, while the relationships depend on the performance of seven mitigating strategies.

Research limitations/implications
The findings contribute to the theoretical development of risk management issues in global supply chains by suggesting the role of supply chain resilience capability.

Practical implications
The findings offer managerial guidance on how to mitigate the global supply chain risk through the appropriate practice of strategies to strengthen supply chain resilience in an uncertain environment.

Originality/value
This is the first empirical research examining the impact of mitigating strategies on supply chain resilience. The results provide practical implications for managing uncertain events and offering theoretical insight for future research in supply chain resilience.
Empirical analysis of dynamic spillovers between exchange rate return, return volatility and investor sentiment
Authors: Škrinjarić Tihana , Lovretin Golubić Zrinka , Orlović Zrinka 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the effects of investors’ sentiment, return and risk series on one to another of selected exchange rates. The empirical analysis consists of a time-varying inter-dependence between the observed variables, with the focus on spillovers between the variables.Design/methodology/approachMonthly data on the index Sentix, exchange rates EUR–USD, EUR–CHF and EUR–JPY are analyzed from February 2003 to December 2019. The applied methodology consists of vector autoregression models (VAR) with Diebold and Yilmaz (2009, 2011) spillover indices.FindingsThe results of the empirical research indicate that using static analysis could result in misleading conclusions, with dynamic analysis indicating that the financial of 2007-2008 and specific negative events increase the spillovers of shock between the observed variables for all three exchange rates. The sources of shocks in the model change over time because of variables changing their positions being net emitters and net receivers of shocks.Research limitations/implicationsThe shortfalls of this study include using the monthly data frequency, as this was available for the authors, namely, investors are interested to obtain new information on a weekly and daily basis, not only monthly. However, at the time of writing this research, we could obtain only monthly data.Practical implicationsAs the obtained results are in line with previous literature and were found to be robust, there exists the potential to use such analysis in the future when forecasting risk and return series for portfolio management purposes. Thus, a basic comparison was made regarding the investment strategies, which were based on the results from the estimation. It was shown that using information about shock spillovers could result in strategies that can obtain better portfolio value over time compared to basic benchmark strategies.Originality/valueFirst, this paper allows for the spillovers of shocks in variables within the VAR models in all directions. Second, a dynamic analysis is included in the study. Third, the mentioned spillover indices are included in the study as well.
Localised climate change defines ant communities in human‐modified tropical landscapes
Authors: Boyle Michael J. W. , Bishop Tom R. , Luke Sarah H. , van Breugel Michiel , Evans Theodore A. , Pfeifer Marion , Fayle Tom M. , Hardwick Stephen R. , Lane‐Shaw Rachel Isolde , Yusah Kalsum M. , Ashford Imogen C. R. , Ashford Oliver S. , Garnett Emma , Turner Edgar C. , Wilkinson Clare L. , Chung Arthur Y. C. , Ewers Robert M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Logging and habitat conversion create hotter microclimates in tropical forest landscapes, representing a powerful form of localised anthropogenic climate change. It is widely believed that these emergent conditions are responsible for driving changes in communities of organisms found in modified tropical forests, although the empirical evidence base for this is lacking.

Here we investigated how interactions between the physiological traits of genera and the environmental temperatures they experience lead to functional and compositional changes in communities of ants, a key organism in tropical forest ecosystems.

We found that the abundance and activity of ant genera along a gradient of forest disturbance in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, was defined by an interaction between their thermal tolerance (CTmax) and environmental temperature. In more disturbed, warmer habitats, genera with high CTmax had increased relative abundance and functional activity, and those with low CTmax had decreased relative abundance and functional activity.

This interaction determined abundance changes between primary and logged forest that differed in daily maximum temperature by a modest 1.1°C, and strengthened as the change in microclimate increased with disturbance. Between habitats that differed by 5.6°C (primary forest to oil palm) and 4.5°C (logged forest to oil palm), a 1°C difference in CTmax among genera led to a 23% and 16% change in relative abundance, and a 22% and 17% difference in functional activity. CTmax was negatively correlated with body size and trophic position, with ants becoming significantly smaller and less predatory as microclimate temperatures increased.

Our results provide evidence to support the widely held, but never directly tested, assumption that physiological tolerances underpin the influence of disturbance‐induced microclimate change on the abundance and function of invertebrates in tropical landscapes.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Disentangling interactions among mercury, immunity and infection in a Neotropical bat community
Authors: Becker Daniel J. , Speer Kelly A. , Korstian Jennifer M. , Volokhov Dmitriy V. , Droke Hannah F. , Brown Alexis M. , Baijnauth Catherene L. , Padgett‐Stewart Ticha , Broders Hugh G. , Plowright Raina K. , Rainwater Thomas R. , Fenton M. Brock , Simmons Nancy B. , Chumchal Matthew M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Contaminants such as mercury are pervasive and can have immunosuppressive effects on wildlife. Impaired immunity could be important for forecasting pathogen spillover, as many land‐use changes that generate mercury contamination also bring wildlife into close contact with humans and domestic animals. However, the interactions among contaminants, immunity and infection are difficult to study in natural systems, and empirical tests of possible directional relationships remain rare.

We capitalized on extreme mercury variation in a diverse bat community in Belize to test association among contaminants, immunity and infection. By comparing a previous dataset of bats sampled in 2014 with new data from 2017, representing a period of rapid agricultural land conversion, we first confirmed bat species more reliant on aquatic prey had higher fur mercury. Bats in the agricultural habitat also had higher mercury in recent years. We then tested covariation between mercury and cellular immunity and determined if such relationships mediated associations between mercury and bacterial pathogens. As bat ecology can dictate exposure to mercury and pathogens, we also assessed species‐specific patterns in mercury–infection relationships.

Across the bat community, individuals with higher mercury had fewer neutrophils but not lymphocytes, suggesting stronger associations with innate immunity. However, the odds of infection for haemoplasmas and Bartonella spp. were generally lowest in bats with high mercury, and relationships between mercury and immunity did not mediate infection patterns. Mercury also showed species‐ and clade‐specific relationships with infection, being associated with especially low odds for haemoplasmas in Pteronotus mesoamericanus and Dermanura phaeotis. For Bartonella spp., mercury was associated with particularly low odds of infection in the genus Pteronotus but high odds in the subfamily Stenodermatinae.

Synthesis and application. Lower general infection risk in bats with high mercury despite weaker innate defense suggests contaminant‐driven loss of pathogen habitat (i.e. anemia) or vector mortality as possible causes. Greater attention to these potential pathways could help disentangle relationships among contaminants, immunity and infection in anthropogenic habitats and help forecast disease risks. Our results also suggest that contaminants may increase infection risk in some taxa but not others, emphasizing the importance of considering surveillance and management at different phylogenetic scales.
Parasites and pesticides act antagonistically on honey bee health
Authors: Bird Gwendolyn , Wilson Alan E. , Williams Geoffrey R. , Hardy Nate B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Pesticides and parasites have each been linked to increased mortality in western honey bees (Apis mellifera). Currently, it is uncertain if one makes the other worse; several studies have tested for potential synergistic stressor effects, but results have been mixed.

Here, we use a hierarchical meta‐analysis of 63 experiments from 26 studies to gain a clearer view of the combined effects of parasites and pesticides on honey bee health.

We found that combined pesticide–parasite treatments do tend to be deadlier than uncombined treatments but are significantly less deadly than predicted additive or multiplicative effects. In other words, combined treatment effects are not synergistic, but antagonistic.

Much of the previous uncertainty about the combined effects of pesticides and parasites on honey bee health can be attributed to a bias in the previous research against stressor antagonism; many researchers have excluded the possibility of antagonism a priori.

Synthesis and applications. Meta‐analysis shows that when honey bees are stressed by a combination of pesticides and parasites, the combined stress effect is antagonistic, that is, less than the sum of its parts. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this antagonism could prove critical for effective management of honey bee health.
Combining seascape connectivity with cumulative impact assessment in support of ecosystem‐based marine spatial planning
Authors: Jonsson Per R. , Hammar Linus , Wåhlström Iréne , Pålsson Jonas , Hume Duncan , Almroth‐Rosell Elin , Mattsson Martin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Cumulative impact assessment (CIA) is a promising approach to guide marine spatial planning (MSP) and management. One limitation of CIA is the neglect of seascape connectivity, which may spread the impact of localized pressures to ambient areas, e.g. through lost dispersal and recruitment of organisms.

We here, for the first time, incorporate seascape connectivity into a traditional CIA model using a connectivity matrix, exemplified by dispersal of propagules estimated through biophysical modelling. Two connectivity impacts are identified: the source impact represents downstream areas losing recruits because of reduced larval dispersal from sites affected by the pressure, and the sink impact represents loss of recruits originating from upstream areas prevented from settlement in the site affected by the local pressure.

By including seascape connectivity in the Swedish MSP‐guiding CIA tool Symphony we demonstrate how to practically account for remote effects of local environmental impact. Our example on blue mussel shows how reducing mussel fitness in a given area may have impacts on mussels far from the acting pressures. Overall, results indicate that connectivity impact for blue mussels plays a minor role in most areas, <10% of the ordinary cumulative impact. However, in some smaller areas, e.g. on offshore banks and the Danish Straits, seascape connectivity may increase ordinary cumulative impact with 20%–30%. In an example of scenario‐based CIA analyses of MSP projections, we demonstrate how impacts of particular management actions, e.g. shipping rerouting and wind power developments, can be tracked far from the original area of influence.

Depending on the dispersal ability of ecosystem components, a local pressure may impact a considerable area through seascape connectivity, transgressing management units and national borders. Although the mean connectivity impact may be modest for a single ecosystem component, the consideration of seascape connectivity across multiple ecosystem components may significantly alter the mapping of cumulative impact and the assessment of different MSP scenarios.

Synthesis and applications. Our extension of Cumulative Impact Assessment offers a new method for mapping and practically integrating seascape connectivity with ecosystem‐based MSP and other spatial instruments for policy making, such as marine protected areas.
The biogeography of Streptomyces in New Zealand enabled by high‐throughput sequencing of genus‐specific rpoB amplicons
Authors: Higgins S. A. , Panke‐Buisse K. , Buckley Daniel H. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryWe evaluated Streptomyces biogeography in soils along a 1200 km latitudinal transect across New Zealand (NZ). Streptomyces diversity was examined using high‐throughput sequencing of rpoB amplicons generated with a Streptomyces specific primer set. We detected 1287 Streptomyces rpoB operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with 159 ± 92 (average ± SD) rpoB OTUs per site. Only 12% (n = 149) of these OTUs matched rpoB sequences from cultured specimens (99% nucleotide identity cutoff). Streptomyces phylogenetic diversity (Faith's PD) was correlated with soil pH, mean annual temperature and plant community richness (Spearman's r: 0.77, 0.64 and −0.79, respectively; P < 0.05), but not with latitude. In addition, soil pH and plant community richness both explained significant variation in Streptomyces beta diversity. Streptomyces communities exhibited both high dissimilarity and strong dominance of one or a few species at each site. Taken together, these results suggest that dispersal limitation due to competitive interactions limits the colonization success of spores that relocate to new sites. Cultivated Streptomyces isolates represent a major source of clinically useful antibiotics, but only a small fraction of extant diversity within the genus have been identified and most species of Streptomyces have yet to be described.