bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanospheres encapsulated everolimus delivery into arterial wall–the tissue pharmacokinetics and vascular response experimental study
Authors: Milewski Krzysztof , Bryła‐Wojciechowska Anna , Buszman Piotr P. , Jelonek Katarzyna , Kachel Mateusz , Gąsior Paweł , Krauze Agata , Błachut Aleksandra , Musiał‐Kulik Monika , Tellez Armando , Rousselle Serge D. , Kiesz R. Stefan , Kasperczyk Janusz , Buszman Paweł E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile and tissue effects of everolimus delivered into arterial wall using biodegradable nanospheres.BackgroundDelivery of everolimus into the arterial wall is challenging due to its low‐lipophilic profile.MethodsA pharmacokinetic study included 28 porcine coronary arterial segments initially injured with balloon angioplasty followed by the local delivery of everolimus encapsulated in nanospheres (EEN) via injection through a microporous delivery catheter. The animals were sacrificed at 1 hour, 1,7,28, and 90‐day follow‐up. In the tissue effects study 16 coronary bare metal stent (BMS) were implanted following EEN delivery, 15 BMS following nanospheres delivery without the drug (reference group) and 16 implanted BMS served as a control. Angiographic and histology follow‐up was scheduled at 28 and 90‐day.ResultsThe study showed high‐everolimus concentrations in arterial tissue early after nanoparticles delivery followed by its gradual decrease to 1.15 ± 0.40 ng/mg at 90 days. Histology analysis showed favorable biocompatibility and healing profile with comparable area stenosis between groups at both time‐points.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates for the first time the safety, biocompatibility, and long‐term retention of everolimus in arterial tissue after single local delivery of biodegradable nanospheres.
Processing and quality aspects of bulgur from Triticum durum
Authors: Stone Andrea K. , Wang Shuyang , Tulbek Mehmet , Koksel Filiz , Nickerson Michael T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesBulgur is an important food source in many countries around the world. In North America, its consumption is increasing as it can be used as a more nutritious quick cooking substitute to rice. The main processing steps of bulgur from Triticum durum are reviewed including the comparison of different technologies for cooking, drying, debranning, and milling of bulgur and the effects of processing on the nutritional components of the grain.FindingsEvery step of the production process is crucial to final product quality. Cooking methods include parboiling, autoclave, microwave, and steam, with autoclaving being the most used technique but disadvantages include higher losses of water‐soluble vitamins and some reports of color deterioration. Air, forced air, vacuum, microwave, and infrared dryers, as well sun and solar drying, have all been investigated with infrared and microwave drying being promising novel methods for drying bulgur after cooking. Different types of mills can be used for bulgur particle size reduction, and choice of mill will depend on size requirements; however, all bulgur should be larger than 0.5 mm with an ovoid shape and smooth exterior. Nutritional benefits of bulgur include relatively high protein and fiber content, resistant starch, B vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals such as lutein and ferulic acid.ConclusionsColor is a much studied quality attribute; however, its importance to non‐traditional consumers is unknown. Research is lacking on whole grain (minimally debranned) bulgur and the optimization of nutritional quality in conjunction with processing parameters. Due to the partial debranning, there is wide variability in the reported fiber content of bulgur; however, overall it would be nutritionally beneficial to include bulgur in one's diet.Significance and noveltyThe production steps of bulgur are clarified and reviewed with consideration to the macro‐ and micronutrient content. This review will allow for future research on bulgur to increase its utilization as a low‐cost value‐added plant‐based food.
Antioxidant properties of free and bound phenolic acids from bran, spent grain, and sorghum seeds
Authors: Miafo Ange‐Patrice Takoudjou , Koubala Benoît Bargui , Kansci Germain , Muralikrishna Gudipati 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveSorghum by‐products contain important amount of phenolic compounds and may be used as sources of phenolic antioxidants. This study aims to investigate the phenolic contents and the antioxidant activities of free and bound phenolic extracts from sorghum bran, spent grain, and seeds as potential sources of natural antioxidants agents.FindingsAmong the six extracts, the free phenolic acids (PA) mixture from bran with the highest total phenolic contents (291.50 ferulic acid equivalents/g flour) showed the highest antioxidant activity with all three tests (FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH). Syringic (0.06–2.65 mg/100 g of flour), vanilic (0.47–2.63 mg/100 g), and p‐hydroxybenzoic (0.38–1.75 mg/100 g) acids were the major free PAs. Ferulic acid (1.20–6.37 mg/100 g) was the major bound PA. PA content and composition in the mixtures greatly contribute to their antioxidant activity.ConclusionsFree and bound PA from sorghum by‐products, especially the free PA from bran, have significant antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. These could be potentially used as important sources of natural antioxidants.Significance and noveltyThis finding encourages the exploration of sorghum by‐products (bran and spent grain) in the production of natural phenolic antioxidants for functional food preparations.
Ectopic axillary breast cancer in a male patient
Authors: Peil Nils , Varga Zsuzsanna , Barysch Marjam J. , Brüssow Cornelia , Dedes Konstantin J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEctopic breast tissue can persist in the axilla due to lack of involution of mammary glands along the mammary lines. It is rare in men, and the malignant transformation to breast cancer has occasionally been described. Differential diagnosis of any axillary tumor should include breast cancer arising at ectopic sites.
Synthesizing High‐Volume Chemicals from CO2 without Direct H2 Input
Authors: Tao Longgang , Choksi Tej S. , Liu Wen , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDecarbonizing the chemical industry will eventually entail using CO2 as a feedstock for chemical synthesis. However, many chemical syntheses involve CO2 reduction using inputs such as renewable hydrogen. In this review, chemical processes are discussed that use CO2 as an oxidant for upgrading hydrocarbon feedstocks. The captured CO2 is inherently reduced by the hydrocarbon co‐reactants without consuming molecular hydrogen or renewable electricity. This CO2 utilization approach can be potentially applied to synthesize eight emission‐intensive molecules, including olefins and epoxides. Catalytic systems and reactor concepts are discussed that can overcome practical challenges, such as thermodynamic limitations, over‐oxidation, coking, and heat management. Under the best‐case scenario, these hydrogen‐free CO2 reduction processes have a combined CO2 abatement potential of approximately 1 gigatons per year and avoid the consumption of 1.24 PWh renewable electricity, based on current market demand and supply.
Using an aquatic model, Xenopus laevis, to uncover the role of chromodomain 1 in craniofacial disorders
Authors: Wyatt Brent H. , Raymond Thomas O. , Lansdon Lisa A. , Darbro Benjamin W. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Manak John Robert , Dickinson Amanda J. G. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe chromodomain family member chromodomain 1 (CHD1) has been shown to have numerous critical molecular functions including transcriptional regulation, splicing, and DNA repair. Complete loss of function of this gene is not compatible with life. On the other hand, missense and copy number variants of CHD1 can result in intellectual disabilities and craniofacial malformations in human patients including cleft palate and Pilarowski–Bjornsson Syndrome. We have used the aquatic developmental model organism Xenopus laevis, to determine a specific role for Chd1 in such cranioafcial disorders. Protein and gene knockdown techniques in Xenopus, including antisense oligos and mosaic Crispr/Cas9‐mediated mutagenesis, recapitulated the craniofacial defects observed in humans. Further analysis indicated that embryos deficient in Chd1 had defects in cranial neural crest development and jaw cartilage morphology. Additionally, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry revealed that decreased Chd1 resulted in increased in apoptosis in the developing head. Together, these experiments demonstrate that Chd1 is critical for fundamental processes and cell survival in craniofacial development. We also presented evidence that Chd1 is regulated by retinoic acid signaling during craniofacial development. Expression levels of chd1 mRNA, specifically in the head, were increased by RAR agonist exposure and decreased upon antagonist treatment. Subphenotypic levels of an RAR antagonist and Chd1 morpholinos synergized to result in orofacial defects. Further, RAR DNA binding sequences (RAREs) were detected in chd1 regulatory regions by bioinformatic analysis. In summary, by combining human genetics and experiments in an aquatic model we now have a better understanding of the role of CHD1 in craniofacial disorders.
The propagule doesn’t fall far from the tree, especially after short‐interval, high‐severity fire
Authors: Gill Nathan S. , Hoecker Tyler J. , Turner Monica G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSubalpine forests that historically burned every 100–300 yr are expected to burn more frequently as climate warms, perhaps before trees reach reproductive maturity or produce a serotinous seedbank. Tree regeneration after short‐interval (<30‐yr) high‐severity fire will increasingly rely on seed dispersal from unburned trees, but how dispersal varies with age and structure of surrounding forest is poorly understood. We studied wind dispersal of three conifers (Picea engelmannii, Abies lasiocarpa, and Pinus contorta var. latifolia, which can be serotinous and nonserotinous) after a stand‐replacing fire that burned young (≤30 yr) and older (>100 yr) P. contorta forest in Grand Teton National Park (Wyoming, USA). We asked how propagule pressure varied with time since last fire, how seed delivery into burned forest varied with age and structure of live forest edges, what variables explained seed delivery into burned forest, and how spatial patterns of delivery across the burned area could vary with alternate patterns of surrounding live forest age. Seeds were collected in traps along 100‐m transects (n = 18) extending from live forest edges of varying age (18, 30, and >100 yr) into areas of recent (2‐yr) high‐severity fire, and along transects in live forests to measure propagule pressure. Propagule pressure was low in 18‐yr‐old stands (~8 seeds/m2) and similarly greater in 30‐ and 100‐yr‐old stands (~32 seeds/m2). Mean dispersal distance was lowest from 18‐yr‐old edges and greatest from >100‐yr‐old edges. Seed delivery into burned forest declined with increasing distance and increased with height of trees at live forest edges, and was consistently higher for P. contorta than for other conifers. Empirical dispersal kernels revealed that seed delivery from 18‐yr‐old edges was very low (≤2.4 seeds/m2) and concentrated within 10 m of the live edge, whereas seed delivery from >100‐yr‐old edges was >4.9 seeds/m2 out to 80 m. When extrapolated throughout the burned landscape, estimated seed delivery was low (<49,400 seeds/ha) in >70% of areas that burned in short‐interval fire (<30 yr). As fire frequency increases, immaturity risk will be compounded in short‐interval fires because seed dispersal from surrounding young trees is limited.
Efficacy of early initiation of ivabradine treatment in patients with acute heart failure: rationale and design of SHIFT‐AHF trial
Authors: Su Yang , Ma Teng , Wang Zeyu , Dong Bin , Tai Chenhui , Wang Hao , Zhang Fenglei , Yan Chunxi , Chen Wei , Xu Yawei , Ye Lei , Tye Gee Jun , Ong Sang‐Bing , Zhang Jian , Xu Dachun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsElevated heart rate (HR) in heart failure (HF) is associated with worse outcomes, particularly in acute HF (AHF). HR reduction with ivabradine reduces cardiovascular events in HF patients with reduced ejection fraction. The present trial aimed to test the hypothesis that the early HR reduction using ivabradine improves clinical outcomes in patients with AHF.Methods and resultsSHIFT‐AHF is a prospective, multi‐centre, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ivabradine when adding to standard therapy in AHF patients (SHIFT‐AHF). The trial will include 674 AHF patients with left ventricular ejection fraction < 45% and New York Heart Association functional classes III–IV. Participants were enrolled from March 2020 and will be followed up until December 2022. Patients are randomized to treatment with ivabradine or placebo (randomization 1:1). After allocation, the dose of ivabradine is titrated according to HR. Six months' follow‐up and three control visits (7, 90, and 180 days after enrolment) are required for every participant. Assessment involves clinical examination, laboratory tests, echocardiography, electrocardiography, heart rhythm, cardiac function, and quality of life. The primary endpoint is a composite of all‐cause mortality or re‐admission due to worsening HF. Secondary endpoints include the assessments of cardiac remodelling, cardiac functional capacity, and quality of life.ConclusionsThe SHIFT‐AHF trial will shed further light on the role of early HR reduction using ivabradine in patients with AHF.
Averting institutional disasters? Drawing lessons from China to inform the Cypriot response to the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Petridou Evangelia , Zahariadis Nikolaos , Ceccoli Stephen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUsing ‘t Hart's (2014) typology of crises, we explore the Republic of Cyprus's initial response to the COVID‐19 crisis and contend Cypriot leaders indirectly drew lessons from the Chinese experience to prevent a situational crisis from metastasizing into a much broader institutional crisis. The lessons Cyprus drew from China to secure this outcome reinforced the critical nature of transparency and timeliness in sharing epidemiological information, swift intervention efforts to minimize virus transmission, and privileging expert involvement in shaping the response plan. We conclude with implications for public leadership and lesson‐drawing under crisis.
Impacts of Petroleum Fuels on Fertilization and Development of the Antarctic Sea Urchin Sterechinus neumayeri
Authors: Brown Kathryn E. , King Catherine K. , Harrison Peter L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Antarctic marine environments are at risk from petroleum fuel spills as shipping activities in the Southern Ocean increase. Knowledge of the sensitivity of Antarctic species to fuels under environmentally realistic exposure conditions is lacking. We determined the toxicity of 3 fuels, Special Antarctic Blend diesel (SAB), marine gas oil (MGO), and intermediate fuel oil (IFO 180) to a common Antarctic sea urchin, Sterechinus neumayeri. Sensitivity was estimated for early developmental stages from fertilization to the early 4-arm pluteus in toxicity tests of up to 24 d duration. The effects of the water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of fuels were investigated under different exposure scenarios to determine the relative sensitivity of stages and of different exposure regimes. Sensitivity to fuel WAFs increased through development. Both MGO and IFO 180 were more toxic than SAB, with median effect concentration values for the most sensitive pluteus stage of 3.5, 6.5, and 252 µg/L total hydrocarbon content, respectively. Exposure to a single pulse during fertilization and early embryonic development showed toxicity patterns similar to those observed from continuous exposure. The results show that exposure to fuel WAFs during critical early life stages affects the subsequent viability of larvae, with consequent implications for reproductive success. The sensitivity estimates for S. neumayeri that we generated can be utilized in risk assessments for the management of Antarctic marine ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2527–2539. © 2020 SETAC
Assessing the implementation of healthy eating and physical activity policies and practices in the family day care setting: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lum Melanie , Grady Alice , Falkiner Maryann , Jones Jannah , Finch Meghan , Green Sue , Herrmann Vanessa , Hall Alix , Yoong Serene 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIssue addressedWhile the family day care setting provides a unique opportunity to improve child health, few studies have assessed obesity prevention practices of this setting. This study aimed to examine the (a) prevalence of implementation of evidence‐based healthy eating and physical activity policies and practices among schemes (ie overarching governing agency) and educators in the family day care setting in Australia; and (b) associations between educator socio‐demographic characteristics and implementation of healthy eating and physical activity practices.MethodsFamily day care schemes (n = 16) responsible for educators (n = 174) located in the Hunter New England region of NSW participated in a telephone survey in 2018, reporting their implementation of evidence‐based healthy eating and physical activity policies and practices. Linear mixed regression analyses were used to determine whether educator characteristics were associated with higher percentages of implementation.ResultsFew schemes had comprehensive breastfeeding (0%) and screen time (19%) policies. However, the majority of educators (81%) communicated with families when lunchboxes were not consistent with guidelines. Educators implemented an average of 64.3% of practices assessed. Educators located in higher socioeconomic areas implemented a significantly higher percentage of practices than those in lower socioeconomic areas (P < .000). Educator years of experience was positively associated with percentage of implementation (P = .009).ConclusionsThe implementation of obesity prevention policies and practices in the family day care setting is variable and associated with educator socio‐demographic characteristics.So what?There is a need to support family day care schemes to improve their obesity prevention environments, particularly those related to policies.
Dimensions analysis of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire in Iran: Psychometric properties
Authors: Rahimi Elnaz , Alizadeh Seyed Shamseddin , Safaeian Abdol‐Rasoul , Abbasgholizadeh Nategh 
Published: September 2020

SummaryAimThe present study aimed to investigate the possible alternative factorial structure of the patient safety culture model in Iran.MethodsThis study was performed based on data collected by Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) questionnaire from 420 staff in four hospitals. Internal consistency reliability and construct validity were evaluated by Cronbach's alpha and correlation analysis. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to investigate the possible alternative factorial structure, examine and confirm the obtained structure, alternatively. Kaiser‐Meyer‐Olkin measure and Bartlett test were calculated to determine the factor ability of sample and fit of the factor analysis, alternatively. SPSS and AMOS version 25 were used.ResultsEFA identified 12 dimensions which one dimension has been also created from a new question. Distribution of items in all dimensions differed from the original HSOPSC questionnaire except two dimensions. The obtained structure was a proportional model. The calculation of Cronbach's alpha (∝ = .8) showed that, the internal consistency reliability was appropriate for all items in the questionnaire. Also, construct validity was acceptable for all factors.ConclusionsThe structure of the dimensions obtained in this study was not consistent with the structure of the original HSOPSC model.Highlights
Provide a model for assessing patient safety culture with relative stability with respect to the native culture of the region.
Good content and construct validity.
Differences in the distribution of items in dimensions.
Formation of new dimensions.
Performing a psychometric analysis of the instrument using EFA, CFA and SEM to examine the disagreement on the validity, reliability and dimensions of patient safety culture in previous studies in Iran.
Numerous discrepancies in item wording comply with the approach advocated by the translation guideline for AHRQ survey on patient safety.
The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms among patients with COVID‐19 and the effect on the severity of the disease
Authors: Sulaiman Tharwat , Algharawi Ali A , Idrees Marwan , Alzaidy Rafid H , Faris Kawthar , Cullingford Graham , Rasheed Jawad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimCOVID‐19 is a new pandemic disease recognized by the World Health Organization. It mainly affects the respiratory system, but it can also affect other systems. The gastrointestinal system has been found to be affected in many patients. This study investigated the COVID‐19‐related gastrointestinal manifestations and the effect of gastrointestinal involvement on the course and outcome of the disease.MethodsThis was a retrospective descriptive study conducted on 140 COVID‐19 polymerase chain reaction‐positive symptomatic individuals admitted to Al‐Shafa Hospital – Medical City Complex in Baghdad, Iraq during the period 2 March 2020 to 12 May 2020. Demographic data and clinical presentation and laboratory data were extracted from the case sheets of the patients and were also obtained from direct communication with the patients, their families, and medical staff.ResultsGastrointestinal (GI) symptoms alone were detected in 23.6% of the patients; 44.3% of the patients presented with only respiratory symptoms, and 32.1% presented with both respiratory and GI symptoms. Patients with only GI symptoms had less severe disease compared with those who had both GI and respiratory symptoms, who had more severe disease with higher mortality. Overall mortality was 8.6%, with no mortality in the GI symptoms alone group. The highest severity and mortality were in patients with both GI and respiratory symptoms (48.39 and 13.33%, respectively).ConclusionsCOVID‐19‐related gastrointestinal symptoms are common, and their presence alone carries a better prognosis, but their presence with respiratory symptoms is associated with higher morbidity and mortality.
Existential definability of modal frame classes
Authors: Perkov Tin , Mikec Luka 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe prove an existential analogue of the Goldblatt‐Thomason Theorem which characterizes modal definability of elementary classes of Kripke frames using closure under model theoretic constructions. The less known version of the Goldblatt‐Thomason Theorem gives general conditions, without the assumption of first‐order definability, but uses non‐standard constructions and algebraic semantics. We present a non‐algebraic proof of this result and we prove an analogous characterization for an alternative notion of modal definability, in which a class is defined by formulas which are satisfiable under any valuation (the so‐called existential validity). Continuing previous work in which model theoretic characterization for this type of definability of elementary classes was proved, we give an analogous general result without the assumption of the first‐order definability. Furthermore, we outline relationships between sets of existentially valid formulas corresponding to several well‐known modal logics.