bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
As relações entre Brasil e Cuba: das vantagens econômicas à retração política
Authors: Bressan Regiane Nitsch 
Published: October 2019

O trabalho apresenta a evolução da relação bilateral entre Brasil e Cuba entre 2008 e 2016, superando a distância entre os países. A política externa do governo de Lula foi propositiva às relações regionais, fomentou integração latino-americana a partir da CELAC, que inclui Cuba no diálogo regional, e efetuou aproximação política, econômica e ideológica entre os dois países. A política externa de Rousseff sucedeu-se em termos pragmáticos, assegurando ganhos a ambos os países. Entre eles: os investimentos brasileiros na modernização do Porto de Mariel e a construção da Zona Econômica; o crescimento singular do comércio bilateral e instalação de empresas brasileiras na ilha; além da cooperação na área da saúde, o recrutamento de 11.429 médicos para atuarem em áreas carentes do território brasileiro. A densidade e natureza pragmática desta relação foram fundamentais para a consolidação da política entre Brasil e Cuba, mas enfrenta entraves do governo de Michel Temer, cuja política externa é guinada aos países do Norte, sendo possível identificar retrocesso no empenho brasileiro nos projetos regionais, estremecendo as relações com os países latino-americanos, inclusive com Cuba.
Palavras-Chaves: Brasil; Cuba; Relações Internacionais; América Latina.

Abstract: This paper gives an overview of the evolution of bilateral relations between Brazil and Cuba from 2008 to 2016, overcoming the distance that separates the countries. The foreign policy pursued by the Lula government (2003-2011) focused on strengthening regional relations and promoting Latin American integration through CELAC, which includes Cuba in the regional dialogue, and establishing political, economic and ideological links between the two countries. Rousseff's foreign policy continued on a pragmatic course, ensuring gains for both countries. Examples of this are the Brazilian investments in the Mariel seaport modernisation and Special Economic Zone project, the growth of bilateral trade, and the installation of Brazilian companies on the island. Furthermore, cooperation was established in the health sector, involving the recruitment of 11.429 Cuban physicians to work in underdeveloped regions of Brazil. The density and pragmatic nature of this relationship have been fundamental for the consolidation of the bilateral relations between Brazil and Cuba, but faces the constraints of the recent Temer government, whose foreign policy is more directed to the northern countries and a decrease in Brazil's commitment to regional relations and integration projects can be observed, including those with Cuba.
Key words: Brazil; Cuba; International Relations; Latin America.

Recebido em: março/2017
Aprovado em: novembro/2017.
A gestão da crise financeira de 2008 pela China: o papel do Estado na implementação de políticas anticíclicas e desafios subsequentes
Authors: Marcussi Pontes Rúbia 
Published: October 2019

O caráter sistêmico da crise financeira e econômica de 2008 demandou que rápidas políticas fossem implementadas pelos Estados para contrabalancear o alto nível de incerteza, a iliquidez e a queda na demanda agregada. Nesse sentido, a atuação da República Popular da China é considerada um caso extremamente relevante de estudo a partir do conjunto de medidas anticíclicas adotadas principalmente a partir de uma política fiscal ativa. O presente artigo busca, portanto, investigar o papel do Estado chinês na gestão da crise recente a partir da perspectiva Minskyana, reforçando a importância do big government e do big bank para a rápida recuperação econômica chinesa – embora não sem novos desafios.
Palavras-chave: crise financeira e econômica, China, políticas públicas anticíclicas, big government, big bank.

Abstract: The systemic effects of the financial and economic crisis of 2008 required the quick implementation of public polices to counterbalance the high level of uncertainty, illiquidity and the fall in the aggregate demand. The response of the Popular Republic of China is considered unique and worthy of investigation regarding the implementation of anti-cyclical public polices, with highlight to the role of its active fiscal police. Therefore, this articles aims to investigate the role of the Chinese state in the crisis management within Minsky’s perspective, recalling the importance of the big government and of the big bank for the quick economical response of China – although not without upcoming challenges.
Keywords: financial and economic crisis, China, anti-cyclical public policies, big government, big bank.

Recebido em: dezembro/2017.
Aprovado em: abril/2018.
Colaboradores
Authors: Geraldello Camilla Silva 
Published: October 2019

Ana Abigail Costa Vasconcelos Alves Angelo Raphael Mattos Antônio Walber Muniz Camilla Silva Geraldello Guillermina Elias Leandro Wolpert dos Santos Luis Fernando Villafuerte Valdés Marcelo Fernandes de Oliveira Mauricio Lascurain Fernández Rúbia Marcussi Pontes Stephan Treuke Taís Vasconcelos Cidrão
Colaboradores
Authors: Geraldello Camilla Silva 
Published: October 2019

Alexandre César Cunha Leite
Ariel González Levaggi
Arthur Mastroiani Maximo de Lucena
Augusto César Dall’Agnol
Daniel Morales Ruvalcaba
Fábio Nobre
Julieta Zelicovich
Luís Antonio Paulino
Luis L. Schenoni
Marcos Cordeiro Pires
Pedro Vinícius Pereira Brites
Thaís Caroline Lacerda Mattos
Nordeste Asiático como Eixo das Disputas Hegemônicas: competição e desestruturação da ordem regional
Authors: Brites Pedro Vinícius Pereira 
Published: October 2019

A região do Nordeste Asiático destaca-se por sua singularidade geopolítica. É uma região na qual predominam atores cujas ações possuem alcance global, mesmo quando se trata da Coreia do Norte, o país mais pobre da região. Além da Coreia do Norte, as interações entre China, Rússia, Japão, Coreia do Sul, e Estados Unidos como potência extrarregional com presença militar na região, afetam a distribuição de poder no Sistema Internacional. A consolidação da China como Grande Potência reconfigurou a região e tem evidenciado o papel crucial que esse subsistema regional exerce para a polaridade no século XXI. Nos últimos anos, a consolidação do programa nuclear norte-coreano, a ascensão de Xi Jinping na China, a busca por reafirmação japonesa, a chegada de Donald Trump ao poder, reorientam as relações regionais. O presente artigo procura discutir as transformações na ordem regional no Nordeste Asiático desde o final da Guerra Fria até seus desdobramentos recentes e seus efeitos sobre as disputas hegemônicas. Assim, avaliam-se os processos que vêm ampliando a tendência à militarização e competição na região e o papel que a dissuasão nuclear exerce como fator determinante para o balanço regional.

Abstract: The region of Northeast Asia stands out for its geopolitical singularity. It is a region dominated by actors whose actions are global in scope, even when it comes to North Korea, the region's poorest country. In addition to North Korea, interactions between China, Russia, Japan, South Korea, and the United States as an extra-regional power with military presence in the region affect the distribution of power in the International System. The consolidation of China as a Great Power has reconfigured the region and has highlighted the crucial role that this regional subsystem plays in polarity in the twenty-first century. In recent years, the consolidation of North Korea's nuclear program, the rise of Xi Jinping in China, the search for Japanese reaffirmation, reorient regional relations. This article discusses the transformations in the regional order in Northeast Asia from the end of the Cold War until its recent unfolding and its effects on the hegemonic disputes. Thus, are evaluated the processes that have been increasing the tendency towards militarization and competition in the region and the role that nuclear deterrence plays as a determining factor for the regional balance.
Keywords: Northeast Asia; Hegemonic Recomposition; Regionalism.

Recebido em: Agosto/2018.
Aprovado em: Dezembro/2018.
Colaboradores
Authors: Geraldello Camilla Silva 
Published: October 2019

Biografias e emails dos colaboradores desta edição:

Alexandre Fontenelle-Weber
Armando Gallo Yahn Filho
Bárbara de Abreu Oliveira
Beatriz Walid de Magalhães Naddi
Bruna Coelho Jaeger
Charles Pennaforte
Cristina Soreanu Pecequilo
Fabiana Oliveira
Felipe Bernardo Estre
Fernanda de Castro Brandão Martins
Jayme Benvenuto
Lucas Gualberto do Nascimento
Monica Esmeralda Bruckmann Maynetto
Hierarquia Organizacional: uma Crítica de Poder e Interdependência
Authors: Estre Felipe Bernardo 
Published: October 2019

O artigo faz uma crítica de Poder e interdependência, publicada em 1977 por Robert Keohane e Joseph Nye, com o objetivo de desvelar o teor normativo da obra. Argumenta-se que, ao contrário do que os autores afirmam, os novos processos políticos que caracterizam a política internacional desde o início do século XX não necessariamente resultaram na diminuição da hierarquia no sistema internacional. Pelo contrário, as organizações internacionais permitem a articulação de outras formas de discriminação entre os Estados que não podem ser resumidas a fatores econômicos ou assimetrias de poder. O cerne da discussão sobre a hierarquia na obra de Keohane e Nye está no próprio conceito de interdependência complexa, o qual divide o sistema internacional entre os “avançados” e aqueles que não podem fazer parte desse grupo. As organizações internacionais, portanto, não seriam fatores que diminuiriam a hierarquia no sistema internacional, mas reproduziriam discriminações por meio da atribuição de “capacidades dependentes de organizações”.

Abstract: The article is a critic Power and Interdependence, published in 1977 by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye, with the goal of exposing the normative content of the book. It is argued that, contrary to what the authors say, the new political processes that characterize international politics since the beginning of the twentieth century did not result necessarily in the decrease of international hierarchy. On the contrary, international organizations allow the articulation of other forms of discrimination among the states that cannot be reduced to economic factors or asymmetries of power. The core discussion about hierarchy in the work of Keohane and Nye is on the very concept of complex interdependence, which divides the international system between the "advanced" and those that cannot join this group. Therefore, international organizations would not be factors that decrease the hierarchy in the international system but reproduce discrimination through the allocation of “organizationally dependent capabilities”.
Key words: Interdependence; hierarchy; international order.

Recebido em: setembro/2018.Aprovado em: março/2019.
De Copenhagen a Paris: a evolução do BASIC no complexo de Regime de Mudanças Climáticas
Authors: Silveira Mariana Balau 
Published: October 2019

O fracasso do Protocolo de Kyoto em desenvolver uma estrutura de governança climática eficaz e inclusiva provocou um movimento de multiplicação de agrupamentos no âmbito do Regime Internacional de Mudanças Climáticas (RIMC), como o BASIC. A mudança e gradual fragmentação do regime evidencia o seu caráter não-hierárquico e não-integrado – podendo ser denominado, portanto, um “complexo de regime”. A iminência de reforma na estrutura institucional, com a COP 21 como marco importante, porém, representa a transição de uma estratégia top-down anterior para uma abordagem bottom-up cujo foco reside na contribuição nacional dos países. O principal argumento do presente artigo, a partir de uma análise comparativa longitudinal das COPs, é de que esse movimento indicaria uma fragmentação gradual do BASIC enquanto coalizão de negociação política, ao mesmo tempo em que sugere novos rumos para o regime.

Abstract: The failure of the Kyoto Protocol in developing an effective and inclusive climate governance structure caused the multiplication of groups, such as the BASIC countries, under the International Climate Change Regime (UNFCCC). Its gradual fragmentation shows the non-hierarchical character of this “regime complex”. The imminent reform of the institutional framework, with COP 21 as an important landmark, however, represents the transition from a previous top-down strategy to a bottom-up approach where the focus lies in national contributions rather than a broader accord. The main argument of this article, based on a longitudinal comparative analysis of the COPs, is that this movement would indicate a gradual fragmentation of BASIC as a political bargaining coalition, while suggesting new directions for the UNFCCC.
Key-words: BASIC, Climate Change, Paris Agreement.

Recebido em: março/2019.
Aprovado em: agosto/2019.
The liberal peace and its contesting universal values: a theoretical approach to the development of hybrid forms of political order in post conflict societies
Authors: Pereira Mariana Morena 
Published: October 2019

The Liberal Peace can be understood as a discourse and a framework which is constantly used by western countries in order to promote political stability in post-conflict societies. Embedded in the peacebuilding/peacekeeping operations, some liberal values are assumed to be the “only deal in town” to assist war-torn societies reaching political order. The present essay aims to analyze what are the theoretical principles embedded in the Liberal Peace assumptions and bring a critical approach which contests these universal values of implementing peace in transitioning societies. That being said, we can affirm that many values regarded as “universal” do not have much meaning to local societies in post-conflict states. The essay hence tries to look to an alternative perspective to build the peace in post-conflict societies: the hybrid peace. The Hybrid Peace assumption is an important approach which assumes that the local agency is a relevant actor on the promotion of peace in their respective communities, mainly in post-colonial states. Thus, the local actors have legitimacy and recognition of the society and can, therefore, promote and build peace along international interveners. The main objective of the present essay is to present a new approach to understand the peacebuilding projects and also recognize that different contexts need distinct approaches.

Recebido em: agosto/2018.
Aprovado em: abril/2019.
Subphotospheric Turbulence as a Heating Mechanism in Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Zrake Jonathan , Beloborodov Andrei M. , Lundman Christoffer 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We examine the possible role of turbulence in feeding the emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Turbulence may develop in a GRB jet as the result of hydrodynamic or current-driven instabilities. The jet carries dense radiation and the turbulence cascade can be damped by Compton drag, passing kinetic fluid energy to photons through scattering. We identify two regimes of turbulence dissipation: (1) “Viscous”—the turbulence cascade is Compton-damped on a scale

greater than the photon mean free path

. Then turbulence energy is passed to photons via bulk Comptonization by smooth shear flows on scale

. (2) “Collisionless”—the cascade avoids Compton damping and extends to microscopic plasma scales much smaller than

. The collisionless dissipation energizes plasma particles, which radiate the received energy; how the dissipated power is partitioned between particles needs further investigation with kinetic simulations. We show that the dissipation regime switches from viscous to collisionless during the jet expansion, at a critical value of the jet optical depth, which depends on the amplitude of turbulence. Turbulent GRB jets are expected to emit nonthermal photospheric radiation. Our analysis also suggests revisions of turbulent Comptonization in black hole accretion disks discussed in previous works.
Modeling the Observations of GRB 180720B: from Radio to Sub-TeV Gamma-Rays
Authors: Fraija N. , Dichiara S. , Caligula do E. S. Pedreira A. C. , Galvan-Gamez A. , Becerra R. L. , Montalvo A. , Montero J. , Kamenetskaia B. Betancourt , Zhang B. B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Early and late multiwavelength observations play an important role in determining the nature of the progenitor, circumburst medium, physical processes, and emitting regions associated with the spectral and temporal features of bursts. GRB 180720B is a long and powerful burst detected by a large number of observatories at multiple wavelengths that range from radio bands to sub-TeV gamma-rays. The simultaneous multiwavelength observations were presented over multiple periods of time beginning just after the trigger time and extending to more than 30 days. The temporal and spectral analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) observations suggests that it presents similar characteristics to other bursts detected by this instrument. Coupled with X-ray and optical observations, the standard external shock model in a homogeneous medium is favored by this analysis. The X-ray flare is consistent with the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model from the reverse-shock region evolving in a thin shell and previous LAT, X-ray, and optical data with the standard synchrotron forward-shock model. The best-fit parameters derived with Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the outflow is endowed with magnetic fields and that the radio observations are in the self-absorption regime. The SSC forward-shock model with our parameters can explain the LAT photons beyond the synchrotron limit as well as the emission recently reported by the HESS Collaboration.
Stages of Reionization as Revealed by the Minkowski Functionals
Authors: Chen Zhaoting , Xu Yidong , Wang Yougang , Chen Xuelei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We study the evolution of the hydrogen ionization field during the epoch of reionization (EoR) using seminumerical simulations. By calculating the Minkowski functionals (MFs) of the 21 cm brightness temperature field, which provides a quantitative description of topology of the neutral and ionized regions, we find that the reionization process can be divided into five stages, each with different topological structures, corresponding to isolated ionized regions (“bubbles”); connected ionized regions (“ionized fibers”) that percolate through the cosmic volume; a sponge-like configuration with intertwined neutral and ionized regions after the overlap of bubbles; connected neutral regions (“neutral fibers”), when the ionized region begins to surround the remaining neutral region; and isolated neutral regions (“islands”), before the whole space is ionized except for the rare dense clumps in galaxies and minihalos and the reionization process is completed. We use the MFs and the size statistics on the ionized or neutral regions to distinguish these different stages and find the neutral fractions at which the transitions of the different stages occur. At the later stages of reionization the neutral regions are more isolated than the ionized regions; this is the motivation for the island model description of reionization. We compare the late-stage topological evolution in the island model and the bubble model, showing that in the island model the neutral fibers are more easily broken into multiple pieces owing to the ionizing background.
Thermodynamic Properties of Mirror Structures in the Magnetosheath: MMS Observations and Double-polytropic MHD Simulations
Authors: Teh Wai-Leong , Zenitani Seiji 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mirror structures are manifested as a wave train of magnetic peaks and/or dips, which are anticorrelated with plasma density. The evolution behavior of the ion temperatures perpendicular and parallel to the local magnetic field, T
⊥ and T
∥, in the magnetic peaks and dips is rare to be theoretically studied. In this paper, the thermodynamic properties of mirror structures are investigated using two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations with double-polytropic laws. Two polytropic exponents, γ
∥ and γ
⊥, are used as parameters to describe various thermodynamic conditions in the anisotropic plasma—for example, γ
∥ = 1, γ
⊥ = 1 for double-isothermal and γ
∥ = 3, γ
⊥ = 2 for double-adiabatic. Using empirical values of γ
∥ = 1.14 and γ
⊥ = 0.94 for magnetosheath plasma, the variations of T
∥ and T
⊥ in the magnetic dips and peaks observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission in the Earth’s magnetosheath can be reproduced. This consistent result cannot be achieved by use of γ
∥ = 3, γ
⊥ = 2 and γ
∥ = 0.5, γ
⊥ = 2, where the latter exponents can lead to the same mirror instability threshold as kinetic theory. In magnetic dips, T
∥ is found to be increased for γ
∥ > 1 but decreased for γ
∥ < 1, while T
⊥ is decreased for γ
⊥ > 1 but increased for γ
⊥ < 1. For magnetic peaks, the variation features of T
∥ and T
⊥ are opposite to that of the magnetic dips. It is concluded that the thermodynamic properties of mirror structures are further from double-adiabatic but closer to double-isothermal conditions.
Threshold Dissociation of the 1-ethynylpyrene Cation at Internal Energies Relevant to H i Regions
Authors: Rouillé Gaël , Steglich Mathias , Hemberger Patrick , Jäger Cornelia , Henning Thomas 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Photoelectron–photoion coincidence spectroscopy has been used to measure the threshold photoelectron (TPE) spectrum of 1-ethynylpyrene and to obtain the breakdown graph describing the dissociation of the 1-ethynylpyrene cation. The TPE measurement has allowed us to improve the determination of the ionization energy of 1-ethynylpyrene at 7.391 ± 0.005 eV. Concerning the main dissociation channels, the analysis of the breakdown graph has given 3.70 ± 0.60 eV as the activation energy for the loss of one H atom and 2.98 ± 1.80 eV for the loss of a second independent H atom. The corresponding entropies of activation are affected by large errors as observed in similar studies of other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) cations. Minor dissociation channels were also detected and identified as the loss of the C2H group and the loss of a C2H2 unit and/or that of an H atom plus the C2H group. The activation energies and the entropies of activation of these minor pathways could not be derived from the measurements. It is found that the cation of 1-ethynylpyrene behaves like that of pyrene and is consequently more photostable than that of 1-methylpyrene. We conclude that photodissociation is not the leading cause of the low abundance, if not the absence, of ethynyl-substituted PAH species in the interstellar medium.
The Formation of Subdwarf A-type Stars
Authors: Yu Jinlong , Li Zhenwei , Zhu Chunhua , Wang Zhaojun , Liu Helei , Guo Sufen , Han Zhanwen , Chen Xuefei , Lü Guoliang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Subdwarf A-type stars (sdAs) are objects that have hydrogen-rich spectra with surface gravity similar to that of hot subdwarf stars but effective temperature below the zero-age horizontal branch. They are considered to be metal-poor main-sequence (MS) stars or extremely low-mass white dwarfs (ELM WDs). In this work, using the stellar evolution code Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics, we investigate the sdAs formed both by the evolution of (pre-)ELM WDs in double-degenerate systems and metal-poor MS stars with single evolution models. We find that both of the evolutionary tracks of ELM WDs and metal-poor MS stars can explain the observation properties of sdAs. However, the proportions between these two populations are uncertain. In this work, we adopt the method of binary population synthesis of both ELM WDs in the disk and metal-poor MS stars in the halo to obtain their populations at different stellar population ages and calculate their proportions. We find that the proportion of metal-poor MS stars to sdAs for a stellar population of 10 Gyr is ∼98.5%, which is consistent with the conclusion that most sdAs (>95%) are metal-poor MS stars. And the proportion of ELM WDs (metal-poor MS stars) to sdAs increases (decreases) from 0.1% (99.9%) to 20% (80%) with stellar population ages from 5 to 13.7 Gyr.