bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fluorinated phosphite traps alkoxy radicals photogenerated at the air/solid interface of a nanoparticle
Authors: Ghosh Goutam , Greer Alexander 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith interests in alkoxy radical formation on natural and artificial surfaces, a physical‐organic study was carried out with a Hammett series of triaryl phosphites (p‐MeO, H,p‐F, andp‐Cl) to trap adsorbed alkoxy radicals on silica nanoparticles. A mechanism which involves PhC (Me)2O• and EtO• trapping in a cumylethyl peroxide sensitized homolysis reaction is consistent with the results. Thep‐F phosphite was able to indirectly monitor the alkoxy radical formation, and31P NMR readily enabled this exploration, but other phosphites of the series such as thep‐MeO phosphite were limited by hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by surface silanol groups. Fluorinated silica nanoparticles helped to suppress the hydrolysis reaction although adventitious water also plays a role in hindering efficient capture of the alkoxy radicals by the phosphite traps.
Crystal structure of the nucleotide‐metabolizing enzyme NTPDase4
Authors: Gorelik Alexei , Labriola Jonathan M. , Illes Katalin , Nagar Bhushan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe ecto‐nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) are a family of enzymes found on the cell surface and in the lumen of certain organelles, that are major regulators of purinergic signaling. Their intracellular roles, however, have not been clearly defined. NTPDase4 (UDPase, ENTPD4) is a Golgi protein potentially involved in nucleotide recycling as part of protein glycosylation, and is also found in lysosomes, where its purpose is unknown. To further our understanding of NTPDase4 function, we determined its crystal structure. The enzyme adopts a wide open, inactive conformation. Differences in the nucleotide‐binding site relative to its homologs could account for its substrate selectivity. The putative membrane‐interacting loop of cell‐surface NTPDases is drastically altered in NTPDase4, potentially affecting its interdomain dynamics at the Golgi membrane.
Link budget assessment for GEO feeder links based on optical technology
Authors: Barrios Ricardo , Dimitrov Svilen , Mata‐Calvo Ramon , Giggenbach Dirk 
Published: August 2020

SummaryNowadays, large geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites can offer capacities up to 260 Gbps. In the midterm, in order to cope with the forecasted traffic demand, multibeam high throughput satellite systems are already being deployed. Optical GEO feeder link technology may provide transmission data rates up to the order of several terabits per second by making use of wavelength division multiplexing schemes. This work identifies physical layer techniques that enable the transmission of DVB‐S2X RF modulated signals over optical carriers. The techniques reported here are the analog transparent (AT), digital transparent (DT), and the digital regenerative schemes, which require different satellite payload architectures. The effects of atmospheric turbulence over the traveling wave are addressed and discussed, along with a methodology to calculate the link budget in the feeder uplink channel. Link budget calculations for two different selected ground station locations are presented, for the both the AT and DT options. It is shown that for high altitude locations, the transmission using the AT and DT options works well. For midaltitude locations, typical 36 MHz signal are feasible, whereas for higher bandwidths, the DT option could work when an error correction code is used.
Power production waste
Authors: Cai Yajing , Zhang Panyue , Liang Jingsong , Wang Qingyan , Ding Yiran 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe storage of large amount of power production waste occupies huge land resource; moreover, the stored or discarded waste may pollute the water environment through changing the water pH, releasing the trace and toxic elements even radioactive elements, and so on by leachate. Therefore, the recycling and disposal of power production waste are important and necessary. This paper reviews the research literatures published in 2019 on power generation waste from coal‐fired and nuclear power plants, mainly including the recycling of fly ash and flue gas desulfurization gypsum in construction industry and environmental application, the recovery and immobilization of different metals from coal combustion products and selective catalytic reduction catalysts, and the treatment and disposal of radioactive elements from nuclear power plants.
Practioner points

Coal‐fired power plant waste can be applied for material preparation and wastewater purification.

Valued and toxic metals are normally recovered or removed from spent selective catalytic reduction catalyst.

Recovery and removal of radioactive elements is essential for nuclear power plant wastes disposal.
Analytical methods to analyze pesticides and herbicides
Authors: Li Chao , Begum Afruza , Xue Jinkai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper reviews studies published in 2019, in the area of analytical techniques for determination of pesticides and herbicides. It should be noted that some of the reports summarized in this review are not directly related to but could potentially be used for water environment studies. Based on different methods, the literatures are organized into six sections, namely extraction methods, electrochemical techniques, spectrophotometric techniques, chemiluminescence and fluorescence methods, chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques, and biochemical assays.Practitioner points

Totally 141 research articles have been summarized.

The review is divided into six parts.

Chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques are the most widely used methods.
Molecular biological methods in environmental engineering
Authors: Li Chunying , Zhang Xinxin , Wei Li , Wei Dong , Chen Zhongxi , Cao Zhenkun , Zhao Qiushi , Chang Chein‐Chi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMicrobes are sensitive to environmental changes and can respond in a short time. Genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and multigroup association are used to characterize the composition, function, and metabolism of microorganisms, and to evaluate the environment according to the changes in microorganisms, which has important reference and guiding significance of environmental monitoring, management, and repair. In this paper, the application of molecular biological methods to study environmental microorganisms in the fields of wastewater treatment, pollution control, soil improvement, and environmental monitoring in 2019 is reviewed.
A new analytical approach for the research of thin‐film flow of magneto hydrodynamic fluid in the presence of thermal conductivity and variable viscosity
Authors: Ali Liaqat , Tassaddiq Asifa , Ali Rohail , Islam Saeed , Gul Taza , Kumam Poom , Mukhtar Safyan , Khan Noor Saeed , Thounthong Phatiphat 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this endeavor thin‐film flow of magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) fluid in the presence of thermal conductivity and variable viscosity over a porous steady stretching surface with a magnetic field and radioactive heat fluctuation is studied. In this phenomenon the viscosity vary inversely and thermal conductivity directly with temperature. The nonlinear coupled differential equations for the velocity and temperature profiles are achieved and solved by using a new analytical approach, called 3rd form of Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM‐3). The proposed technique consists of initial guess, embedding parameter, optimal convergence control parameters, auxiliary functions and homotopy. Numerical (ND‐Solve Method) solutions are also achieved and compared with the results gained by the proposed method. The fast convergence of the applied new method and the influence of different physical nondimensional parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles are mainly focused in this research.
Rainfall Variability and Adaptation of Tomatoes Farmers in Santa: Northwest Region of Cameroon
Authors: Malyse Majoumo Christelle 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Santa agrarian basin being one of the main market gardening basins in Cameroon and one of the producers of tomatoes in the country is vulnerable to the impact of rainfall variability. The spatiotemporal variability of rainfall through the annual, monthly, and daily fluctuations has greatly affected the market gardening sector in general and tomatoes production in particular. Thus, given rise to the research topic “Rainfall variability and adaptation of tomatoes farmers in Santa North west region of Cameroon,” its principal objective is to contribute to better understanding of the recent changes occurring in tomatoes production and productivity in Santa. To attain this objective, a principal hypothesis was formulated that rainfall variability instead of unnatural conditions or human constraints justifies changes observed in tomatoes production in Santa and resulting adaptation strategies developed by peasants and stakeholders.Our study came out with several findings, among which includes rainfall events in Santa fluctuate in time and in space with reduction in the number of rainy day and increase in the intensity of rainfall events causing soil erosion, infertility, and frequent crop diseases, insects, and pests. Extreme events such as drought and flooding have equally become frequent in the area especially during the different cycles of tomatoes production disrupting the agricultural calendar and causing crop failure and decrease in yields with Pearson’s correlation of 0.017. This positive value shows that there is a relationship between annual rainfall and tomatoes output in Santa. Tomatoes farmers in Santa are struggling to adapt locally to this situations, but their efforts are still limited especially due to their low level of education and poverty. Finally, it was seen that the output of tomatoes over the years in Santa has a strong correlation with rainfall. Based on the findings of this study, the government is called upon to assist farmers in their adaptation options.
Urban signals in high-resolution weather and climate simulations: role of urban land-surface characterisation
Authors: Hertwig Denise , Grimmond Sue , Hendry Margaret A. , Saunders Beth , Wang Zhengda , Jeoffrion Marine , Vidale Pier Luigi , McGuire Patrick C. , Bohnenstengel Sylvia I. , Ward Helen C. , Kotthaus Simone 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTwo urban schemes within the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) are evaluated offline against multi-year flux observations in the densely built-up city centre of London and in suburban Swindon (UK): (i) the 1-tile slab model, used in climate simulations; (ii) the 2-tile canopy model MORUSES (Met Office–Reading Urban Surface Exchange Scheme), used for numerical weather prediction over the UK. Offline, both models perform better at the suburban site, where differences between the urban schemes are less pronounced due to larger vegetation fractions. At both sites, the outgoing short- and longwave radiation is more accurately represented than the turbulent heat fluxes. The seasonal variations of model skill are large in London, where the sensible heat flux in autumn and winter is strongly under-predicted if the large city centre magnitudes of anthropogenic heat emissions are not represented. The delayed timing of the sensible heat flux in the 1-tile model in London results in large negative bias in the morning. The partitioning of the urban surface into canyon and roof in MORUSES improves this as the roof tile is modelled with a very low thermal inertia, but phase and amplitude of the grid box-averaged flux critically depend on accurate knowledge of the plan-area fractions of streets and buildings. Not representing non-urban land cover (e.g. vegetation, inland water) in London results in severely under-predicted latent heat fluxes. Control runs demonstrate that the skill of both models can be greatly improved by providing accurate land cover and morphology information and using representative anthropogenic heat emissions, which is essential if the model output is intended to inform integrated urban services.
Small molecule inhibitors of RAS proteins with oncogenic mutations
Authors: Orgován Zoltán , Keserű György M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRAS proteins control a number of essential cellular processes as molecular switches in the human body. Presumably due to their important signalling role, RAS proteins are among the most frequently mutated oncogenes in human cancers. Hence, numerous efforts were done to develop appropriate therapies for RAS-mutant cancers in the last three decades. This review aimed to collect all of the reported small molecules that affect RAS signalling. These molecules can be divided in four main branches. First, we address approaches blocking RAS membrane association. Second, we focus on the stabilization efforts of non-productive RAS complexes. Third, we examine the approach to block RAS downstream signalling through disturbance of RAS-effector complex formation. Finally, we discuss direct inhibition; particularly the most recently reported covalent inhibitors, which are already advanced to human clinical trials.
Resilience and transformation of heritage sites to accommodate for loss and learning in a changing climate
Authors: Seekamp Erin , Jo Eugene 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe predicted increases in climate change vulnerability of heritage sites are alarming. Yet, heritage management focuses on enabling a steady state of heritage sites to ensure the continuity of values embedded within those properties. In this paper, we use the concept of resilience to demonstrate how expanding the heritage paradigm from solely a preservation perspective to one that also embraces a transformation perspective can accommodate for loss as well as promote learning. We argue that adaptation as currently conceptualized in the heritage field is limited, as it is not economically or ecologically feasible for all heritage sites or properties. When heritage properties are severely impacted by climatic events, we suggest that some remain damaged to serve as a memory of that event and the inherent vulnerabilities embedded in places. Moreover, when confronted with projected climatic impacts that exceed a financially viable threshold or ecological reality, or when rights holders or associated communities deem persistent adaptation unacceptable, we argue for transformation. We claim that transformation enables a reorganization of values focused on the discovery of future values embedded within changing associations and benefits. Therefore, we recommend that the heritage field adopts an alternative heritage policy that enables transformative continuity through applications of persistent and autonomous or anticipatory adaptation. We conclude by suggesting a pathway for such change at the international level; specifically, we call for the World Heritage Convention to develop a new grouping of sites,World Heritage Sites in Climatic Transformation.
Zonal-Based Emission Source Term Model for Predicting Particulate Emission Factors in Wildfire Simulations
Authors: Josephson Alexander J. , Castaño Daniel , Koo Eunmo , Linn Rodman R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA physics/chemistry-based numerical model for predicting the emission of fine particles from wildfires is proposed. This model implements the fundamental mechanisms of soot formation in a combustion environment: soot nucleation, surface growth, agglomeration, oxidation, and particle fragmentation. These mechanisms occur on a scale too fine for the discretization of most wildfire models, which need to simulate landscape-scale dynamics. As a result this model implements a zonal approach, where the computed soot particle distribution is partitioned into process zones within a single resolved grid cell. These process zones include: an inception zone (for nucleation), a heating zone (for coagulation, surface growth, and fragmentation), a reaction zone (for oxidation), and a quenched zone (for atmospheric processes). Governing mechanisms are applied to the appropriate zones to predict total particle growth and emission. The proposed model is implemented into HIGRAD/FIRETEC, a physics-based wildfire simulation code which couples interactions between fire, fuels, atmosphere, and topography on a landscape scale. Fire simulations among grasslands and conifer forests are performed and compared against experimental data for emission factors.
RLINK: Deep reinforcement learning for user identity linkage
Authors: Li Xiaoxue , Cao Yanan , Li Qian , Shang Yanmin , Li Yangxi , Liu Yanbing , Xu Guandong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUser identity linkage is a task of recognizing the identities of the same user across different social networks (SN). Previous works tackle this problem via estimating the pairwise similarity between identities from different SN, predicting the label of identity pairs or selecting the most relevant identity pair based on the similarity scores. However, most of these methods fail to utilize the results of previously matched identities, which could contribute to the subsequent linkages in following matching steps. To address this problem, we transform user identity linkage into a sequence decision problem and propose a reinforcement learning model to optimize the linkage strategy from the global perspective. Our method makes full use of both the social network structure and the history matched identities, meanwhile explores the long-term influence of processing matching on subsequent decisions. We conduct extensive experiments on real-world datasets, the results show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Role of Chlorella sp. and rhamnolipid 90 in maintaining homeostasis in soil contaminated with bisphenol A
Authors: Zaborowska Magdalena , Wyszkowska Jadwiga , Kucharski Jan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The knowledge about the impact of BPA on soil health does not correspond to the great interest in its analogues. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the potentially negative impact of BPA on the biochemical properties of soil. The study also evaluated the effectiveness of two biostimulants in eliminating potential homeostasis disorders caused by BPA.

Materials and methods
A pot experiment was conducted under supervised conditions. BPA at five contamination levels was added to the soil of the granulometric composition of sandy loam at 0, 0.1, 2, 40 and 800 mg BPA kg−1 of a dry matter (DM) of soil. The biochemical activity of the soil was interpreted through the activity of dehydrogenases (Deh), urease (Ure), catalase (Cat), acid phosphatase (Pac), alkaline phosphatase (Pal), arylsulphatase (Aryl) and β-glucosidase (Glu) whose activity was determined on days 5, 15 and 45 of the study. The biostimulative potential of Chlorella sp. and rhamnolipid 90 (which eliminates the undesirable effects of BPA on the parameters) was expressed with IFB—the factor of the impact of increasing of bisphenol (BP) soil contamination levels. The response of spring barley to increasing BPA pressure was analysed with the plant resistance index (RS). The study was made more comprehensive by determination of the macronutrient content in the plants.

Results and discussion
The sensitivity of individual enzymes to increasing bisphenol pressure on the 45th day of the experiment can be arranged in the following sequence: Deh > Ure > Glu > Pac > Cat > Aryl > Pal. Biostimulation of soil with Chlorella sp. gave better results than with rhamnolipid 90. A compilation of BPA 800 mg BPA kg−1 DM of soil and Chlorella sp. brought about an increase in the activity of Glu on the 45th day of the experiment and Pac, Pal and Aryl on the 5th day. Only at this contamination level did BPA stimulate the crop growth in all the parallel plots except in those biostimulated by Chlorella sp. Only algae significantly reduced the negative BPA impact on the N, Ca and K content in spring barley.

Conclusions
The experiment emphasised the significant inhibitory impact of BPA on the biochemical activity of soil which, in consequence, upset the microbial balance of soil processes. Chlorella sp. played a more important role in maintaining the soil homeostasis than rhamnolipid 90, which did not correspond to its negative impact on the yield of spring barley.
Robustness of the HFMI techniques and the effect of weld quality on the fatigue life improvement of welded joints
Authors: Aldén R. , Barsoum Z. , Vouristo T. , Al-Emrani M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRobustness of HFMI treatment in different weld qualities according to ISO 5817 was studied, and fatigue testing of the treated samples was carried out in order to investigate the effect of the weld quality prior treatment. The results show that HFMI-treated welds with weld quality level D shows fatigue life improvements that fall within the IIW recommendations for HFMI. No significant influence from the HFMI operator or HFMI equipment on the fatigue life was found. However, the scatter in fatigue testing results varied with HFMI operator and indicated that different HFMI operators could produce consistent treatment results. A considerable effect on fatigue life from HFMI tool radius was found, where the 2-mm tool radius showed considerably greater fatigue life compared with the 1.5-mm tool radius. According to IIW (Marquis and Barsoum 2016), for steel grade SY = 700 MPa, the fatigue strength recommendation is FAT 160 (m = 5) for transverse stiffener–welded joints with as-welded quality B according to ISO 5817 (ISO/TC 44/SC 10 2011), prior to treatment. It can be observed in the current study that fatigue-tested HFMI-treated welded joints, welded with weld quality D, are in good agreement with the IIW recommendations.
The osmo-metabolic approach: a novel and tantalizing glucose-sparing strategy in peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Bonomini Mario , Zammit Victor , Divino-Filho José C. , Davies Simon J. , Di Liberato Lorenzo , Arduini Arduino , Lambie Mark 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPeritoneal dialysis (PD) is a viable but under-prescribed treatment for uremic patients. Concerns about its use include the bio-incompatibility of PD fluids, due to their potential for altering the functional and anatomical integrity of the peritoneal membrane. Many of these effects are thought to be due to the high glucose content of these solutions, with attendant issues of products generated during heat treatment of glucose-containing solutions. Moreover, excessive intraperitoneal absorption of glucose from the dialysate has many potential systemic metabolic effects. This article reviews the efforts to develop alternative PD solutions that obviate some of these side effects, through the replacement of part of their glucose content with other osmolytes which are at least as efficient in removing fluids as glucose, but less impactful on patient metabolism. In particular, we will summarize clinical studies on the use of alternative osmotic ingredients that are commercially available (icodextrin and amino acids) and preclinical studies on alternative solutions under development (taurine, polyglycerol, carnitine and xylitol). In addition to the expected benefit of a glucose-sparing approach, we describe an ‘osmo-metabolic’ approach in formulating novel PD solutions, in which there is the possibility of exploiting the pharmaco-metabolic properties of some of the osmolytes to attenuate the systemic side effects due to glucose. This approach has the potential to ameliorate pre-existing co-morbidities, including insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes, which have a high prevalence in the dialysis population, including in PD patients.