bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Synthetic Bioinspired Carbohydrate Polymer with Mucoadhesive Properties
Authors: Balijepalli Anant S. , Sabatelle Robert C. , Chen Mingfu , Suki Bela , Grinstaff Mark W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMucoadhesive polymers are of significant interest to the pharmaceutical, medical device, and cosmetic industries. Polysaccharides possessing charged functional groups, such as chitosan, are known for mucoadhesive properties but suffer from poor chemical definition and solubility, while the chemical synthesis of polysaccharides is challenging with few reported examples of synthetic carbohydrate polymers with engineered‐in ionic functionality. We report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a synthetic, cationic, enantiopure carbohydrate polymer inspired by the structure of chitosan. These water‐soluble, cytocompatible polymers are prepared via an anionic ring‐opening polymerization of a bicyclic β‐lactam sugar monomer. The synthetic method provides control over the site of amine functionalization and the length of the polymer while providing narrow dispersities. These well‐defined polymers are mucoadhesive as documented in single‐molecule scale (AFM), bulk solution phase (FRAP), and ex vivo tissue experiments. Polymer length and functionality affects bioactivity as long, charged polymers display higher mucoadhesivity than long, neutral polymers or short, charged polymers.
Protection of rice against Nilaparvata lugens by direct toxicity of sodium selenate
Authors: Scheys Freja , De Schutter Kristof , Subramanyam Kondeti , Van Damme Els J. M. , Smagghe Guy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNilaparvata lugens is one of the most notorious pest insects of cultured rice, and outbreaks of N. lugens cause high economic losses each year. While pest control by chemical pesticides is still the standard procedure for treating N. lugens infections, excessive use of these insecticides has led to the emergence of resistant strains and high pesticide residues in plants for human consumption and the environment. Therefore, novel and environment‐friendly pest control strategies are needed. In previous studies, selenium was shown to protect selenium‐accumulating plants from biotic stress. However, studies on nonaccumulator (crop) plants are lacking. In this study, rice plants (Oryza sativa, Nipponbare) were treated with sodium selenate by seed priming and foliar spray and then infested with N. lugens. Brown planthoppers feeding on these plants showed increased mortality compared to those feeding on control plants. Treatment of the plants with sodium selenate did not affect the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the plant stress hormones jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, suggesting that the observed insect mortality cannot be attributed to the activation of these hormonal plant defenses. Feeding assays using an artificial diet supplemented with sodium selenate revealed direct toxicity toward N. lugens. With a low concentration of 6.5 ± 1.5 µM sodium selenate, half of the insects were killed after 3 days. In summary, sodium selenate treatment of plants can be used as a potential alternative pest management strategy to protect rice against N. lugens infestation through direct toxicity.
Predictive value of serum creatinine/cystatin C in neurocritically ill patients
Authors: Wang Shengnan , Xie Ling , Xu Jiawei , Hu Yanhong , Wu Yongming , Lin Zhenzhou , Pan Suyue 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the predictive value of serum creatinine (Cr) to cystatin C (CysC) ratio in neurocritically ill patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospectively observational study of adult patients admitted to a neurocritical care unit (NCU) between Jan 2013 and Jan 2017. Patients were excluded if <18 years old, required neurocritical care <72 hr, did operation during hospitalization, had premorbid disability or acute kidney injury (AKI) at admission. The Cr/CysC ratio was obtained at NCU admission. Primary end points were short‐term (30‐day) mortality and long‐term (6‐month) poor outcome, with the latter defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 4–6.ResultsOf 538 eligible patients, the etiology included acute ischemic stroke (N = 193, 35.9%), intracranial hemorrhage (N = 116, 21.6%), encephalitis and/or meningitis (N = 85, 15.8%), and others (N = 144, 26.7%). Serum Cr/CysC ratio was significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI) (r = .161, p < .001), the length of NCU stay (r = −.161, p < .001), duration of mechanical ventilation (r = −.138, p = .001), and risk of tracheotomy (r = −.095, p = .028). During follow‐up, 88 (16.4%), patients died within 30 days and 307 (57.1%) patients achieved good outcome at 6 months. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, we identified serum Cr/CysC ratio as an independent predictor of long‐term functional outcome (OR: 0.989, 95% CI: 0.980–0.998, p = .015) but not 30‐day mortality (p = .513).ConclusionsSerum Cr/CysC ratio at admission could be used as a predictor of long‐term poor prognosis in neurocritically ill patients.
Überblick in Echtzeit
Authors: Dubovy Martin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEgal, ob eine prozesstechnische Anlage neu gebaut, überholt oder erweitert wird, ehe sie in Betrieb geht, müssen umfangreiche Tests ihre Zuverlässigkeit sicherstellen. Mit Loop‐Checks prüfen Anlagenerrichter oder Anlagenbetreiber, ob alle PLT‐Stellen rich
Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the in vitro Anticancer Effects of Multitarget‐Directed Hydrazone Ruthenium(II)–Arene Complexes
Authors: Cuccioloni Massimiliano , Bonfili Laura , Cecarini Valentina , Nabissi Massimo , Pettinari Riccardo , Marchetti Fabio , Petrelli Riccardo , Cappellacci Loredana , Angeletti Mauro , Eleuteri Anna Maria 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe molecular targets and the modes of action behind the cytotoxicity of two structurally established N,O‐ or N,N‐hydrazone ruthenium(II)–arene complexes were explored in human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF‐7) and paralleled in non‐cancerous and cisplatin‐resistant counterparts (MCF‐10A and MCF‐7CR respectively). Both complexes, [Ru(hmb)(L1)Cl] (1, L1=4‐((2‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)hydrazono)(phenyl)methyl)‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐olate) and [Ru(cym)(L2)Cl] (2, L2=1‐((3‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4(5H)‐ylidene)(phenyl)methyl)‐2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)hydrazin‐1‐ide), reversibly interact with moderate‐to‐high affinity with a number of molecular targets in cell‐free assays, namely serum albumin, DNA, the 20S proteasome and hydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA reductase. Most interestingly, only 2 readily crosses the cell membrane and preserves its binding/modulatory ability toward the targets of interest upon rapid cellular internalization. The resulting action at multiple levels of the cancer cascade is likely the cause for the selective sensitization of tumour cells to p27‐mediated apoptotic death, and for the ability of 2 to overcome the drug resistance problem.
Geographic disparities in residential proximity to colorectal and cervical cancer care providers
Authors: Hung Peiyin , Deng Songyuan , Zahnd Whitney E. , Adams Swann A. , Olatosi Bankole , Crouch Elizabeth L. , Eberth Jan M. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundPersistent rural‐urban disparities for colorectal and cervical cancers raise concerns regarding access to treatment providers. To the authors knowledge, little is known regarding rural‐urban differences in residential proximity to cancer specialists.MethodsUsing the 2018 Physician Compare data concerning physician practice locations and the 2012 to 2016 American Community Survey, the current study estimated the driving distance from each residential zip code tabulation area (ZCTA) centroid to the nearest cancer provider of the following medical specialties involved in treating patients with colorectal and cervical cancer: medical oncology, radiation oncology, surgical oncology, general surgery, gynecological oncology, and colorectal surgery. Using population‐weighted multivariable logistic regression, the authors analyzed the associations between ZCTA‐level characteristics and driving distances >60 miles to each type of specialist. ZCTA‐level residential rurality was defined using rural‐urban commuting area codes.ResultsNearly 1 in 5 rural Americans lives >60 miles from a medical oncologist. Rural‐urban differences in travel distances to the nearest cancer care provider(s) increased substantially for cancer surgeons; greater than one‐half of rural residents were required to travel 60 miles to reach a gynecological oncologist, compared with 8 miles for their urban counterparts. Individuals residing within ZCTAs with a higher poverty rate, those of American Indian/Alaska Native ethnicity, and/or were located in the South and West regions were more likely than their counterparts to be >60 miles away from any of the aforementioned providers.ConclusionsThe substantial travel distances required for rural, low‐income residents to reach a cancer specialist should prompt a policy action to increase access to specialized cancer care for millions of rural residents.
Direct Determination of Enthalpies of Sorption Using Pressure‐Gradient Differential Scanning Calorimetry: CO2 Sorption by Cu‐HKUST
Authors: Feldmann Wesley K. , White Kerry‐Anne , Bezuidenhout Charl X. , Smith Vincent J. , Esterhuysen Catharine , Barbour Leonard J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEnthalpy of sorption (ΔH) is an important parameter for the design of separation processes using adsorptive materials. A pressure‐ramped calorimetric method is described and tested for the direct determination of ΔH values. Combining a heatflow thermogram with a single sorption isotherm enables the determination of ΔH as a function of loading. The method is validated by studying CO2 sorption by the well‐studied metal–organic framework Cu‐HKUST over a temperature range of 288–318 K. The measured ΔH values compare well with previously reported data determined by using isosteric and calorimetric methods. The pressure‐gradient differential scanning calorimetry (PGDSC) method produces reliable high‐resolution results by direct measurement of the enthalpy changes during the sorption processes. Additionally, PGDSC is less labor‐intensive and time‐consuming than the isosteric method and offers detailed insight into how ΔH changes over a given loading range.
3D Scan matching for mobile robot localization over rough terrain
Authors: Nakagomi Hiroyuki , Fuse Yoshihiro , Hosaka Hidehiko , Miyamoto Hironaga , Nakamura Takashi , Yoneyama Akira , Yokotsuka Masashi , Kamimura Akiya , Watanabe Hiromi , Tanzawa Tsutomu , Kotani Shinji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn order to enable an autonomous mobile robot to travel over rough terrain, it necessitates the capability to detect self‐position accurately even when the odometry errors are increased in traveling. The conventional method can keep high speed and precise localization using iterative closest point algorithms or feature matching techniques. However, effects of steep changes of a mobile robot position are not considered when it travels over rough terrain. In this article, we propose the method for efficient real‐time 6D pose tracking using a rotating 2D laser scanner in traveling over rough terrain. For adaptation to steep changes of the position, weighted point clouds are generated based on the angular and the linear velocity measured by sensors mounted on the robot. And the position and posture of the robot are sequentially optimized by the scan matching in increments of 10 scans. In indoor experiments, we evaluated accuracy of our method when the robot passes on rugged floor. As a result, our method was performed with less than 0.078 m RMS positional error in real time.
Pre‐hospital management protocols and perceived difficulty in diagnosing acute heart failure
Authors: Harjola Pia , Miró Òscar , Martín‐Sánchez Francisco J. , Escalada Xavier , Freund Yonathan , Penaloza Andrea , Christ Michael , Cone David C. , Laribi Said , Kuisma Markku , Tarvasmäki Tuukka , Harjola Veli‐Pekka ,   EMS‐AHF Study Group
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo illustrate the pre‐hospital management arsenals and protocols in different EMS units, and to estimate the perceived difficulty of diagnosing suspected acute heart failure (AHF) compared with other common pre‐hospital conditions.Methods and resultsA multinational survey included 104 emergency medical service (EMS) regions from 18 countries. Diagnostic and therapeutic arsenals related to AHF management were reported for each type of EMS unit. The prevalence and contents of management protocols for common medical conditions treated pre‐hospitally was collected. The perceived difficulty of diagnosing AHF and other medical conditions by emergency medical dispatchers and EMS personnel was interrogated.Ultrasound devices and point‐of‐care testing were available in advanced life support and helicopter EMS units in fewer than 25% of EMS regions. AHF protocols were present in 80.8% of regions. Protocols for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction, chest pain, and dyspnoea were present in 95.2, 80.8, and 76.0% of EMS regions, respectively. Protocolized diagnostic actions for AHF management included 12‐lead electrocardiogram (92.1% of regions), ultrasound examination (16.0%), and point‐of‐care testings for troponin and BNP (6.0 and 3.5%). Therapeutic actions included supplementary oxygen (93.2%), non‐invasive ventilation (80.7%), intravenous furosemide, opiates, nitroglycerine (69.0, 68.6, and 57.0%), and intubation 71.5%. Diagnosing suspected AHF was considered easy to moderate by EMS personnel and moderate to difficult by emergency medical dispatchers (without significant differences between de novo and decompensated heart failure). In both settings, diagnosis of suspected AHF was considered easier than pulmonary embolism and more difficult than ST‐elevation myocardial infarction, asthma, and stroke.ConclusionsThe prevalence of AHF protocols is rather high but the contents seem to vary. Difficulty of diagnosing suspected AHF seems to be moderate compared with other pre‐hospital conditions.
Selective Hydrogenation of Fatty Nitriles to Primary Fatty Amines: Catalyst Evaluation and Optimization Starting from Octanenitrile
Authors: Hinzmann Alessa , Gröger Harald 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this contribution, an evaluation of the potential of various homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for a selective hydrogenation of fatty nitriles toward primary amines is reported exemplified for the conversion of octanenitrile into octane‐1‐amine as a model reaction. When using heterogeneous catalysts such as the ruthenium catalyst Ru/C, the palladium catalyst Pd/C, and the platinum catalyst Pt/Al2O3, low selectivities in the hydrogenation are observed, thus leading to a large portion of secondary and tertiary amine side‐products. For example, when using Ru/C as a heterogeneous catalyst, high conversions of up to 99% are obtained but the selectivity remains low with a percentage of the primary amine being at 60% at the highest. The study further reveals a high potential of homogeneous ruthenium and manganese catalysts. When also taking into account economical considerations with respect to the metal price, in particular, manganese catalysts turn out to be attractive for the desired transformation and their application in the model reaction leads to the desired primary amine product with excellent conversion, selectivity, and high yield.Practical Applications: This work describes an optimized hydrogenation process for transforming fatty nitriles to their corresponding primary amines. In general, fatty amines belong to the most applied fatty acid‐derived compounds in the chemical industry with an annual product volume exceeding 800 000 tons per year in 2011 and are widely required in the chemical industry since such compounds are either directly used in home products such as fabric softeners, dishwashing liquids, car wash detergents, or carpet cleaners or in a broad range of industrial products, for example, lubricating additives, flotation agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, fungicides, and bactericides, showing additional major applications, e.g., in the detergents industry. Among them primary amines play an important industrial role. However, a major concern of current processes is the lack of selectivity and the formation of secondary and tertiary amines as side‐products. By modifying a recently developed catalytic system based on manganese as economically attractive and environmentally benign metal component an efficient and selective access to fatty amines when starting from the corresponding nitriles is achieved. For example, hydrogenation of octanenitrile leads to a synthesis of octane‐1‐amine with >99% conversion and excellent selectivity with formation of secondary and tertiary amine side‐products being suppressed to an amount of <1%.
Formation of Phospholipid Association Colloids in Rapeseed Oil and Their Effect on Lipid Autoxidation in the Presence of Sinapic and Ferulic Acid
Authors: Rokosik Ewa , Siger Aleksander , Rudzińska Magdalena , Siejak Przemysław , Dwiecki Krzysztof 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study describes the formation of 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DOPC) association colloids (reverse micelles) in rapeseed oil and interactions of sinapic and ferulic acids with these structures. Furthermore, the process of oil autoxidation in the presence of DOPC is characterized and the antioxidant efficiency of phenolic acids in the oil containing reverse micelles is determined. Formation of DOPC reverse micelles above the phospholipid critical micelle concentration (51.13 µmol kg–1) is observed. The fluorescence probe emission parameters confirm the interactions of sinapic and ferulic acids with reverse micelles and changes of their structure (reduced rigidity) as a result of phenolic acid incorporation. In the analyzed rapeseed oil, an evident prooxidative effect of DOPC reverse micelles is found, as their presence accelerates decomposition of hydroperoxides to hexanal. The antioxidant effect of sinapic acid is strongly influenced by the presence of DOPC reverse micelles. Ferulic acid shows a concentration‐dependent antioxidant effect in relation to the formation of hexanal.Practical Applications: Understanding the influence of sinapic and ferulic acids on the structure of association colloids and rapeseed oil autoxidation in the presence of reverse micelles should facilitate extension of shelf life and reduce oil quality deterioration during storage. This knowledge may also be used to optimize industrial oil refining to provide the desired amount of amphiphilic minor components and native antioxidants. Thus, developed refining using mild conditions or even minimizing the degree of refining is attractive in view of greater retention of health‐promoting compounds in vegetable oil, reduction of processing costs, and increased sustainability of the oil‐refining process.
Development and performance study of a novel physicochemical composite inhibitor for the prevention of coal gangue spontaneous combustion
Authors: Huang Zhian , Le Tian , Zhang Yinghua , Gao Yukun , Li Jinyang , Li Ziyou , Ma Zhenzhen 
Published: November 2019

SummaryTo overcome the short inhibition life of currently available inhibitors, a high polymer nanocomposite inhibitor was developed. The spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal gangue from the Yangquan mining area were studied through proximate analysis, scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS), and thermogravimetric analysis. As a result, the coal gangue was found to be prone to spontaneous combustion. Temperature‐programmed oxidation experiments showed that the average inhibition rates of Ca (OH)2 or polyacrylamide (PAM) were 30.99% and 30.95%, respectively. During testing, when the temperature of the coal gangue exceeded 160°C, the CO production and oxygen consumption rate of the sample with PAM increased dramatically, proving that the PAM inhibition effect was short‐lived with elevating temperature, whereas the inhibition rate of polyacrylamide/montmorillonite (PAM/MMT) was significantly increased to 47.70%. In addition, the CO production and oxygen consumption rates were significantly reduced in the late oxidation period, proving that the addition of MMT was able to effectively improve the high‐temperature resistance of the PAM. Different concentrations of PAM/MMT were compounded with Ca (OH)2, further improving the inhibition effect of the treatment. The inhibition effect of the PAM/MMT 3%‐Ca (OH)2 20% composite inhibitor was the best in the study, with an inhibition rate of 83.15%.
Institutional support, hazards, and internationalization of emerging market firms
Authors: Nuruzzaman N. , Singh Deeksha , Gaur Ajai S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryWe utilize the institution‐based view to study the effect of home institutions on the internationalization of emerging economy firms. We argue that institutional support and institutional hazards co‐exist and can influence firm internationalization simultaneously. However, institutional support has a stronger effect on internationalization than institutional hazards. Further, we argue that when the institutional environment is supportive of the internationalization effort, state ownership provides proximity to institutional resources and thus amplifies the relationship between institutional support and firm internationalization. However, when the institutional environment is perilous to business activities, state ownership increases dependency on the institutional environment and constrains the escape from the domestic market. Results based on the World Bank Enterprises Survey of 9,337 manufacturing firms from 81 emerging economies largely support our arguments.Managerial SummaryHome country institutions have different components, some of which can support while others can hinder the internationalization of emerging economy firms. Our study helps managers to identify different types of home‐based institutional supports that can help international expansion and home‐based institutional hazards that firms can avoid by diversifying their sales geographically. The findings suggest that leveraging institutional support at home country has a stronger effect on internationalization than escaping institutional hazards because institutional supports can complement other home‐based advantages that emerging economy firms have. Furthermore, state ownership can increase a firm's proximity to institutional resources, providing firms greater access to institutional support for international expansion.
Applying an improved failure mode effect analysis method to evaluate the safety of a three‐in‐one machine tool
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐Song , Chen Te‐Hung , Zhang Kun , Wang Mao‐Jiun J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStraighteners are commonly used in the field of plate straightening. With the shortage of industrial land, an increasing number of straightener manufacturers integrate uncoilers, straighteners, and feeders, which represent a three‐in‐one machine tool. The tool's functions are complex; many factors affect its reliability and performance, including the problems of equipment itself and human errors. To improve the reliability of this machine, it is necessary to identify the main failure modes and causes. The risk assessment of using the conventional failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) presents several issues. Thus, multiple methods have been proposed to improve the robustness and applicability of the FMEA. Herein, an improved FMEA, which combines fuzzy set and entropy evaluations is utilized to assess the three‐in‐one machine tool. In the method, the fuzzy set method is used to quantify the evaluation index. The information entropy and expert evaluation method are used to determine the weight between the indexes. From this study, human operation errors accounted for over 55% of the risks of machine malfunctions. By evaluating failure modes, a few countermeasures to reduce human operation errors can be proposed. By improving the human machine interface design and ergonomic job design and providing adequate training, human errors can be reduced and the reliability of three‐in‐one machine tools can be improved.