bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Matter Beyond the Ring: The Recent Evolution of SN 1987A Observed by the Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Larsson J. , Fransson C. , Alp D. , Challis P. , Chevalier R. A. , France K. , Kirshner R. P. , Lawrence S. , Leibundgut B. , Lundqvist P. , Mattila S. , Migotto K. , Sollerman J. , Sonneborn G. , Spyromilio J. , Suntzeff N. B. , Wheeler J. C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The nearby SN 1987A offers a spatially resolved view of the evolution of a young supernova (SN) remnant. Here we present recent Hubble Space Telescope imaging observations of SN 1987A, which we use to study the evolution of the ejecta, the circumstellar equatorial ring (ER), and the increasing emission from material outside the ER. We find that the inner ejecta have been brightening at a gradually slower rate and that the western side has been brighter than the eastern side since ∼7000 days. This is expected given that the X-rays from the ER are most likely powering the ejecta emission. At the same time, the optical emission from the ER continues to fade linearly with time. The ER is expanding at 680 ± 50 km s−1, which reflects the typical velocity of transmitted shocks in the dense hot spots. A dozen spots and a rim of diffuse Hα emission have appeared outside the ER since 9500 days. The new spots are more than an order of magnitude fainter than the spots in the ER and also fade faster. We show that the spots and diffuse emission outside the ER may be explained by fast ejecta interacting with high-latitude material that extends from the ER toward the outer rings. Further observations of this emission will make it possible to determine the detailed geometry of the high-latitude material and provide insight into the formation of the rings and the mass-loss history of the progenitor.
Investigation of Carbapenem resistance mechanisms in Klebsiella pneumoniae by using phenotypic tests and a molecular assay
Authors: Ciftci Esra , Sesli Cetin Emel , Us Ebru , Haydar Kutlu Hüseyin , Cicioglu Arıdogan Buket 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of carbapenemase production and carbapenem resistance mechanisms in 47 carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates by phenotypic confirmatory tests and molecular assay.
Methodology: Carbapenem resistance genes KPC, OXA-48 and NDM were investigated with the BD MAX CRE assay kit in the BD MAX real time PCR instrument. Modified Hodge test, MBL gradient strip test, D70C Carbapenemase Detection Set, Temocillin gradient strip test methods were used as phenotypic confirmatory tests. Clonal relationship between study isolates was investigated with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
Results: Analysis with BD MAX CRE assay revealed OXA-48 positivity in 17 (36%) strains, NDM positivity in 6 (13%) strains and coexistence of OXA-48 + NDM positivity in 8 (17%) strains. In 16 (34%) strains, none of the KPC, OXA-48 and NDM genes were detected. While MHT was the most sensitive phenotypic confirmatory test, D70C disc set had not been considered as a useful tool to assist the search for carbapenemase production. Temocillin gradient test alone could not be considered as sufficient to detect the presence of OXA-48. PFGE analyses revealed that 23 of 31 carbapenemase producing strains were in three major PFGE genotypes (A, B and C).
Conclusions: This study revealed that carbapenem resistance observed in K. pneumoniae isolates was mainly due to OXA-48 and NDM genes and the increase of carbapenem resistance among K. pneumoniae strains in our hospital was due to the interhospital spread of especially 3 epidemic clones.
The role of TLR-4 in the immunomodulatory effects of recombinant BCG expressing MSP-1C of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Adamu , Suppian Rapeah 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: An earlier constructed recombinant BCG expressing the MSP-1C of Plasmodium falciparum, induced inflammatory responses leading to significant production of nitric oxide (NO) alongside higher expression of the enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and significant production of the regulatory cytokine, IL-10, indicating significant immunomodulatory effects of the construct. The mechanism of these responses had not been established but is thought to involve toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4).
Methodology: The present study was carried out to determine the role of TLR-4 on eliciting the immunomodulatory effects of recombinant BCG expressing MSP-1C of Plasmodium falciparum leading to the production of NO and IL-10, as well as the expression of iNOS. Six groups of mice (n = 6 per group) were immunised thrice, three weeks apart with intraperitoneal phosphate buffered saline T80 (PBS-T80), BCG or rBCG in the presence or absence of a TLR-4 inhibitor; TAK-242, given one hour prior to each immunisation. Peritoneal macrophages were harvested from the mice and cultured for the determination of NO, iNOS and IL-10 via Griess assay, ELISA and Western blot respectively.
Results: The results showed significant inhibition of the production of NO and IL-10 and the expression of iNOS in all groups of mice in the presence of TAK-242.
Conclusions: These results presented evidence of the role of TLR-4/rBCG attachment mechanism in modulating the production of NO and IL-10 and the expression of iNOS in response to our rBCG-based malaria vaccine candidate expressing MSP-1C of P. falciparum.
Evaluation of direct 16S rRNA PCR from clinical samples for bacterial detection in normally sterile body sites
Authors: Satilmis Serife , Ulger Toprak Nurver , Ilgın Can , Soyletir Guner 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: In addition to antibiotic treatment, slow-growing and non-cultivable bacteria can lead to false-negative results for sterile body site infections. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for such infections.
Methodology: Following routine culture procedures, 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) PCR was performed for samples collected from sterile body sites between July 2017and September 2018. The samples were separated into two groups for likely (group 1) and unlikely infections (group 2) based on clinical and laboratory findings, as well as clinician opinion. Sequence analysis was performed for PCR-positive samples using 16S rRNA primers. Mixed chromatograms were analyzed with the RipSeq Mixed program, and Stata 15.1 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Eighty-seven of 139 samples collected from 116 patients were placed in group 1, and 52 were placed in group 2. Compared with culture as the reference method, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for 16S rRNA PCR were 89.8%, 85.6%, 77.2%, and 93.9%, respectively. 16S rRNA PCR identified infections in 13 culture-negative samples. Among these, three had Bartonella quintana, Mycoplasma salivarium, and Mycobacterium avium complex infections, which cannot be detected with commercial multiplex PCR kits.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that 16S rRNA PCR is effective for the diagnosis of sterile body site infections, especially for cases of meningitis and infective endocarditis where routine cultures fail.
Os desafios do cuidado em situações-limite : as dramáticas da atividade no trabalho humanitário
Authors: Cavanellas Luciana B. , Brito Jussara 
Published: December 2019

O trabalho em saúde em situações extremas é o fio condutor desse artigo, que investiga a atividade de trabalhadores da ONG Médicos Sem Fronteiras, buscando compreender os usos de si, no confronto com a realidade do trabalho de cuidar, prestar socorro e salvar vidas. Os desafios impostos por contextos complexos tornam o trabalho mais exigente, expondo a vulnerabilidade de pacientes, trabalhadores e organizações, mas também sua capacidade de enfrentamento e superação. A perspectiva ergológica de Schwartz, a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho e a concepção de saúde de Canguilhem orientam a condução teórico-metodológico da pesquisa, de base qualitativa, que faz uso de entrevistas, além de visitas a Centros Operacionais de MSF. Os resultados encontrados revelam uma atividade instigante, onde há desejo, proteção institucional e valorização profissional ; mas, também, desgaste e pressão por uma vida “normal”, conflitos de valores e relevância da cooperação para a preservação do sentido do trabalho no cuidado humanitário.
Hospitalized patients with heart failure: the impact of anxiety, fatigue, and therapy adherence on quality of life
Authors: Polikandrioti Maria , Koutelekos Ioannis , Panoutsopoulos George , Gerogianni Georgia , Zartaloudi Afroditi , Dousis Evangelos , Babatsikou Fotoula , Toulia Georgia 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionHeart failure (HF) is a major global health problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality and reduced quality of life (QoL). The aim of the study was to assess the impact of anxiety, fatigue and adherence to therapeutic guidelines on HF patients’ QoL.Material and methodsA hundred and twenty hospitalized HF patients were enrolled in the study. Data collection was performed by completion of the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), the Greek version of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS-Greek), the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and a questionnaire that measured adherence to therapeutic guidelines.ResultsData analysis showed moderate levels of anxiety and high levels of adherence to therapeutic guidelines as well as moderate to large effects of HF on patients’ fatigue and QoL. A statistically significant positive linear association was observed between anxiety and QoL (rho > 0.6) as well as fatigue and QoL (rho > 0.3). An increase in the anxiety or fatigue score indicated an increase also in the QoL score, meaning that the more anxiety and fatigue a patient felt the worse the QoL also was. Moreover, a statistically significant negative linear association was observed between adherence to therapeutic guidelines and QoL (rho < –0.2). An increase in adherence score indicated a decrease in QoL score, meaning that the more adherent a patient was the better was the QoL.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that QoL may be improved when adherence to therapy is increased and fatigue and anxiety are alleviated.
miRNA-19a exerts an anti-apoptotic effect in spinal cord injured rats via the PTEN pathway
Authors: Chen Lu , Li Xing , Zhu Jianping , Xu Binwu , Gu Yurong 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionContusion spinal cord injury is involved in a number of cellular, biochemical and molecular changes. We studied the overall expression pattern of miRNAs on day 1 and 3 after spinal cord injury and the involved pathways.Material and methodsA spinal cord injury model was developed by contusion injury in rats. Microarray analysis and qRT-PCR were done for expression of miRs. The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor score was determined after spinal injury. Lesions at the injured site were analyzed by cresyl staining. Western blot analysis was carried out to analyze protein levels. Immunohistochemical staining was done to evaluate immunoreactivity. TUNEL assay was performed to determine the number of apoptotic cells.ResultsThe microarray analysis data suggested that about eight miRs were upregulated whereas four were downregulated in rats subjected to spinal cord injury on day 1. On comparing sham operated rats from the day 3 group two miRs were overexpressed and four were downregulated. miR-19a was the most deregulated. miR-19a antagomir was used as an inhibitor, which aggravated the functional deficit, decreased the protection of spinal cord tissue and elevated the number of apoptotic cells. The treatment of miR-19a antagomir increased the expression of FasL along with PTEN, but it failed to affect the levels of PDCD4.ConclusionsThe results suggested that miR-19a plays a potential role in halting the neuronal cell death spinal cord injury and that the protective role of miR-19a may be due to its regulatory effect on pro-apoptotic genes.
The accuracy of 3T magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in suspected choledocholithiasis
Authors: Yeniçeri Önder , Çullu Neşat , Özşeker Burak , Yeniçeri Emine Neşe 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate interobserver agreement during magnetic resonance cholangio­pancreatography (MRCP) evaluation and the sensitivity and specificity of MRCP obtained with 3T scanners in cases of bile duct obstruction.Material and methodsA total of 37 patients who had MRCP and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) were included. Choledochal pathology was divided into two groups regarding the presence of stones as “there is stone or not”. MRCPs were performed with a 3-Tesla system using respiratory triggered HASTE technique in axial and coronal planes and with T2 SPACE sequence in the coronal plane. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated separately for each observer. The average of both observers was calculated for comparison with other studies.ResultsThirty-seven patients were in the study population. Agreement between the observers was analysed, and Cohen’s κ value was evaluated as 0.84. For two observers, the sensitivity of MRCP was 93%, whereas the specificity was 75% for the first observer and 62% for the second.ConclusionsIn this study we found a high level of interobserver agreement in evaluating MRCP. MRCP has a high sensitivity in detecting choledocholithiasis.
Correlation of acromial morphology in association with rotator cuff tear: a retrospective study
Authors: Kaur Rashmeet , Dahuja Anshul , Garg Simmi , Bansal Kapil , Garg Radhe S. , Singh Paramdeep 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThere have been many studies that have attempted to correlate radiographic acromial characteristics with rotator cuff tears, but the results have not been conclusive. Rotator cuff tears (RCT) are the common aetiology of shoulder pain. We assessed the association of rotator cuff tears with commonly used radiographic parameters of acromial morphology and their different radiographic characteristics.Material and methodsFrom a retrospective study of 98 patients, we characterised acromial type and measured acromial thickness (AT), critical shoulder angle (CSA), lateral acromial angle (LAA), acromiohumeral distance (AHD), and acromion index (AI) on a 1.5T MRI, from 68 patients with partial or full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tears and 30 controls without tears.ResultsOut the 68 patients with rotator cuff tear, supraspinatus was the most commonly affected tendon, with 86% (59) cases showing abnormalities. The average age of the patients was 45.11 ± 21.45 years with male dominance (80%). Partial tears of rotator cuff were more common than complete tears. Forty-eight cases showed partial tears in supraspinatus as compared to 11 cases of complete tears. The acromial type did not show any correlation with any particular cuff lesion. The AT and AI of controls were significantly smaller than cuff-tear patients. The LAA of cuff-tear patients was significantly different from that of control patients. The impingement patients demonstrated a significantly greater acromial thickness, larger CSA, decreased AHD, and decreased LAA than their control counterparts.ConclusionsA higher prevalence of rotator cuff tears and impingement associated with low lateral acromial angle, larger CSA and decreased AHD was observed. AT and AI have a direct correlation with rotator cuff tear.
Description of the resolution hierarchy of the global coupled HadGEM3-GC3.1 model as used in CMIP6 HighResMIP experiments
Authors: Roberts Malcolm J. , Baker Alex , Blockley Ed W. , Calvert Daley , Coward Andrew , Hewitt Helene T. , Jackson Laura C. , Kuhlbrodt Till , Mathiot Pierre , Roberts Christopher D. , Schiemann Reinhard , Seddon Jon , Vannière Benoît , Vidale Pier Luigi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) HighResMIP is a new experimental design for global
climate model simulations that aims to assess the impact of model horizontal
resolution on climate simulation fidelity. We describe a hierarchy of global
coupled model resolutions based on the Hadley Centre Global Environment Model 3 – Global Coupled vn 3.1 (HadGEM3-GC3.1) model that ranges from
an atmosphere–ocean resolution of 130 km–1∘ to 25 km–1∕12∘, all using the same forcings and initial conditions. In
order to make such high-resolution simulations possible, the experiments
have a short 30-year spinup, followed by at least century-long simulations
with constant forcing to assess drift. We assess the change in model biases as a function of both atmosphere and
ocean resolution, together with the effectiveness and robustness of this new
experimental design. We find reductions in the biases in top-of-atmosphere
radiation components and cloud forcing. There are significant reductions in
some common surface climate model biases as resolution is increased,
particularly in the Atlantic for sea surface temperature and precipitation,
primarily driven by increased ocean resolution. There is also a reduction in
drift from the initial conditions both at the surface and in the deeper
ocean at higher resolution. Using an eddy-present and eddy-rich ocean
resolution enhances the strength of the North Atlantic ocean circulation
(boundary currents, overturning circulation and heat transport), while an
eddy-present ocean resolution has a considerably reduced Antarctic
Circumpolar Current strength. All models have a reasonable representation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation. In general, the biases present after 30 years of simulations do not change character markedly over longer timescales,
justifying the experimental design.
Estimation of near-surface attenuation in the tectonically complex contact area of the northwestern External Dinarides and the Adriatic foreland
Authors: Markušić Snježana , Stanko Davor , Korbar Tvrtko , Sović Ivica 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Seismically induced ground motion at a site is generally influenced by the seismic source, the propagation path and the local site conditions. Over the last several decades, researchers have consistently asserted that for near-site attenuation, the spectral parameter κ is subject primarily to the site conditions. In this research, we estimated the parameter κ based on the acceleration amplitude spectrum of shear
waves from local earthquakes recorded by seismological stations situated in the western part of Croatia from the slope of the high-frequency part. The spatial distribution of κ values is comparable with seismological, geophysical and geological features, with the published coda-Q values for each station as well as with the isoseismal maps for selected stronger earthquakes in the study area. The complex pattern of longitudinal and transversal major late-orogenic fault zones dissecting early-orogenic thin-skinned tectonic cover in the Kvarner area and the shallow depth to the Moho (Mohorovičić discontinuity) in the Adriatic foreland (southern Istria) are probably responsible for a significant part of wave attenuation and for the anisotropy of attenuation. Regional near-surface attenuation distribution and modelled macroseismic fields point to the conclusion that attenuation properties of rocks in the northwestern External Dinarides are far from isotropic, and the most likely anisotropy sources are the preferential orientations of cracks and fractures under the local tectonic stress field, trapping of waves along major faults (waveguides), and/or attenuation within the fault zones. These results are important for gaining further insight into the attenuation of near-surface crust layers in the northwestern External Dinarides and the associated Adriatic foreland as well as in similar geotectonic settings.
The effect of effective rock viscosity on 2-D magmatic porosity waves
Authors: Dohmen Janik , Schmeling Harro , Kruse Jan Philipp 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. In source regions of magmatic systems the temperature is
above solidus, and melt ascent is assumed to occur predominantly by two-phase
flow, which includes a fluid phase (melt) and a porous deformable matrix.
Since McKenzie (1984) introduced equations for two-phase flow, numerous
solutions have been studied, one of which predicts the emergence of solitary
porosity waves. By now most analytical and numerical solutions for these
waves used strongly simplified models for the shear- and bulk viscosity of
the matrix, significantly overestimating the viscosity or completely
neglecting the porosity dependence of the bulk viscosity. Schmeling et al. (2012) suggested viscosity laws in which the viscosity decreases very
rapidly for small melt fractions. They are incorporated into a 2-D finite
difference mantle convection code with two-phase flow (FDCON) to study the
ascent of solitary porosity waves. The models show that, starting with a
Gaussian-shaped wave, they rapidly evolve into a solitary wave with similar
shape and a certain amplitude. Despite the strongly weaker rheologies
compared to previous viscosity laws, the effects on dispersion curves and wave
shape are only moderate as long as the background porosity is fairly small.
The models are still in good agreement with semi-analytic solutions which
neglect the shear stress term in the melt segregation equation. However, for
higher background porosities and wave amplitudes associated with a viscosity
decrease of 50 % or more, the phase velocity and the width of the waves
are significantly decreased. Our models show that melt ascent by solitary
waves is still a viable mechanism even for more realistic matrix
viscosities.
“Envelhecimento saudável”: a educação física no contexto da saúde, linguagem e movimento humano
Authors: De Araújo Lisia Costa Gonçalves , Meller Vanderléa Ana , Farina Elaine Cristina Rodrigues 
Published: December 2019

O presente estudo busca compreender as práticas extensionistas da Educação Física com idosos no contexto da saúde, linguagem e movimento humano, com ênfase nas Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PICS). As ações foram realizadas no projeto de extensão “Envelhecimento saudável”, da UNIVALI, no trabalho com idosos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde no município de Biguaçu, Santa Catarina. Tendo em vista a atuação foi possível evidenciar que os idosos reconheceram as PICS no contexto da educação em saúde; valorizaram as práticas de meditação realizadas, ampliando as percepções sobre o corpo e "ações comunicativas”; promoveram a atenção, a visão ampliada de corpo e capacidades expressivas; as relações socias harmoniosas foram favorecidas no diálogo; os desejos de saúde e cuidado de si e do outro foram manifestos nas práticas meditativas.