bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unmanned aerial vehicle observations of cold venting from exploratory hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom
Authors: Shah Adil , Ricketts Hugo , Pitt Joseph R , Shaw Jacob T , Kabbabe Khristopher , Leen J Brian , Allen Grant 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys allow for rapid-response near-field sampling, downwind of emission sources, such as gas extraction sites, without the need for site access. UAVs can be used in emission source identification alongside instantaneous flux estimation. A UAV was used to sample downwind of the UK’s first and only gas extraction site to use exploratory onshore horizontal hydraulic fracturing (fracking) of shale formations, in Little Plumpton, Lancashire. In-situ calibrated UAV methane mole fraction measurements were made from a neighbouring field on five sampling days between October 2018 and February 2019, during fracking, flow-back and flow testing. Methane emissions were identified on one of the five sampling days (14 January 2019), associated with known cold venting, following fluid unloading using a nitrogen lift. A near-field Gaussian plume inversion approach was used to calculate four instantaneous fluxes on this day (from four separate intermittent UAV flight surveys) with lower and upper uncertainty bounds of between 9–80 g s−1, 23–106 g s−1, 16–82 g s−1 and 34–156 g s−1, respectively. The cold venting emissions observed on this single day were at least an order of magnitude higher than UAV methane fluxes calculated for nearby dairy farm buildings, also presented here. Identifying and quantifying these methane emission sources are important to improve the national emissions inventory and to regulate this developing UK industry.
On matrix rearrangement inequalities
Authors: Alaifari Rima , Cheng Xiuyuan , Pierce Lillian , Steinerberger Stefan 
Published: February 2020

Given two symmetric and positive semidefinite square matrices

A
,
B

A, B

, is it true that any matrix given as the product of

m
m

copies of

A
A

and

n
n

copies of

B
B

in a particular sequence must be dominated in the spectral norm by the ordered matrix product

A
m

B
n

A^m B^n

? For example, is

‖
A
A
B
A
A
B
A
B
B
‖
≤
‖
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
‖
?

\begin{equation*} \| AABAABABB \| \leq \| AAAAABBBB \| ? \end{equation*}

Drury [Electron J. Linear Algebra 18 (2009), pp. 13–20] has characterized precisely which disordered words have the property that an inequality of this type holds for all matrices

A
,
B

A,B

. However, the

1
1

-parameter family of counterexamples Drury constructs for these characterizations is comprised of

3
×
3

3 \times 3

matrices, and thus as stated the characterization applies only for

N
×
N

N \times N

matrices with

N
≥
3

N \geq 3

. In contrast, we prove that for

2
×
2

2 \times 2

matrices, the general rearrangement inequality holds for all disordered words. We also show that for larger

N
×
N

N \times N

matrices, the general rearrangement inequality holds for all disordered words for most

A
,
B

A,B

(in a sense of full measure) that are sufficiently small perturbations of the identity.
On the range of a vector measure
Authors: Rodríguez José 
Published: February 2020

Let

(
Ω
,
Σ
,
μ
)

(\Omega ,\Sigma ,\mu )

be a finite measure space, let

Z
Z

be a Banach space, and let

ν
:
Σ
→

Z
∗

\nu :\Sigma \to Z^*

be a countably additive

μ
\mu

-continuous vector measure. Let

X
⊆

Z
∗

X \subseteq Z^*

be a norm-closed subspace which is norming for

Z
Z

. Write

σ
(
Z
,
X
)

\sigma (Z,X)

(resp.,

μ
(
X
,
Z
)

\mu (X,Z)

) to denote the weak (resp., Mackey) topology on

Z
Z

(resp.,

X
X

) associated to the dual pair

⟨
X
,
Z
⟩

\langle X,Z\rangle

. Suppose that, either

(
Z
,
σ
(
Z
,
X
)
)

(Z,\sigma (Z,X))

has the Mazur property, or

(

B

X
∗

,

w
∗

)

(B_{X^*},w^*)

is convex block compact and

(
X
,
μ
(
X
,
Z
)
)

(X,\mu (X,Z))

is complete. We prove that the range of

ν
\nu

is contained in

X
X

if, for each

A
∈
Σ

A\in \Sigma

with

μ
(
A
)
>
0

\mu (A)>0

, the

w
∗

w^*

-closed convex hull of

{

ν
(
B
)

μ
(
B
)

:

B
∈
Σ
,

B
⊆
A
,

μ
(
B
)
>
0
}

\{\frac {\nu (B)}{\mu (B)}: \, B\in \Sigma , \, B \subseteq A, \, \mu (B)>0\}

intersects

X
X

. This extends results obtained by Freniche [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 107 (1989), no. 1, pp. 119–124] when

Z
=

X
∗

Z=X^*

.
Arterial Stiffness in Hypertension and Function of Large Arteries
Authors: Zhang Yi , Lacolley Patrick , Protogerou Athanase D , Safar Michel E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Arterial stiffness—typically assessed from non-invasive measurement of pulse wave velocity along a straight portion of the vascular tree between the right common carotid and femoral arteries—is a reliable predictor of cardiovascular risk in patients with essential hypertension.

METHODS
We reviewed how carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity increases with age and is significantly higher in hypertension (than in age- and gender-matched individuals without hypertension), particularly when hypertension is associated with diabetes mellitus.

RESULTS
From the elastic aorta to the muscular peripheral arteries of young healthy individuals, there is a gradual but significant increase in stiffness, with a specific gradient. This moderates the transmission of pulsatile pressure towards the periphery, thus protecting the microcirculatory network. The heterogeneity of stiffness between the elastic and muscular arteries causes the gradient to disappear or be inversed with aging, particularly in long-standing hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS
In hypertension therefore, pulsatile pressure transmission to the microcirculation is augmented, increasing the potential risk of damage to the brain, the heart, and the kidney. Furthermore, elevated pulse pressure exacerbates end-stage renal disease, particularly in older hypertensive individuals. With increasing age, the elastin content of vessel walls declines throughout the arterial network, and arterial stiffening increases further due to the presence of rigid wall material such as collagen, but also fibronectin, proteoglycans, and vascular calcification. Certain genes, mainly related to angiotensin and/or aldosterone, affect this aging process and contribute to the extent of arterial stiffness, which can independently affect both forward and reflected pressure waves.
Assessing the impact of clinical pharmacists on naloxone coprescribing in the primary care setting
Authors: Watson Alexandra , Guay Kyle , Ribis Dara 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Opioid use and overdose are epidemic in the United States. While there is concern regarding the abuse of illegal opioids, overdose is also strongly associated with prescription opioids. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention supports coprescribing of naloxone with opioids; however, a review of naloxone prescriptions recorded within a primary care group indicated limited use of the reversal agent.

Methods
Through the collaboration of pharmacy and information services personnel, a report was created to identify all patients receiving chronic opioid therapy. To assess the risk of overdose, a validated risk scoring method was used. If patients were determined to be at high risk for overdose, outreach by a clinical pharmacist was conducted to educate them on the benefits of naloxone. For patients agreeable to receiving naloxone, prescriptions were entered into the electronic health record for primary care provider (PCP) verification. Contact was made following order verification to ensure patient understanding of proper naloxone use and naloxone accessibility.

Results
Prior to the project (ie, in calendar year 2016), only 5 prescriptions for naloxone had been prescribed within the medical group. During the naloxone coprescribing initiative, 230 patients were identified by clinical pharmacists as being at elevated risk for opioid overdose. Of these, 86 (37%) were deemed ineligible for naloxone. Out of the 144 patients determined to be eligible, 63 (44%) were agreeable to receiving naloxone. Further review determined that 7 additional patients were agreeable after a follow-up conversation with their PCP. Of the patients that agreed to receive naloxone, 48 (76%) confirmed that they had picked up naloxone from their pharmacy.

Conclusion
The naloxone coprescribing initiative was an innovative project that focused on an epidemic that affects communities across the United States. This program embraced the strengths of multiple departments for the good of the patient, in keeping with the idea of team-based care. The pharmacy-driven approach highlighted the importance of having pharmacists within an ambulatory care setting and allowed high-level pharmacist practice without adding to the workload of other members of the healthcare team.
IV—Philosophical Foundations of Anti-Casteism
Authors: Dhanda Meena 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe paper begins from a working definition of caste as a contentious form of social belonging and a consideration of casteism as a form of inferiorization. It takes anti-casteism as an ideological critique aimed at unmasking the unethical operations of caste, drawing upon B. R. Ambedkar’s notion of caste as ‘graded inequality’. The politico-legal context of the unfinished trajectory of instituting protection against caste discrimination in Britain provides the backdrop for thinking through the philosophical foundations of anti-casteism. The peculiar religio-discursive aspect of ‘emergent vulnerability’ is noted, which explains the recent introduction of the trope of ‘institutional casteism’ used as a shield by deniers of caste against accusations of casteism. The language of protest historically introduced by anti-racists is thus usurped and inverted in a simulated language of anti-colonialism. It is suggested that the stymieing of the UK legislation on caste is an effect of collective hypocrisies, the refusal to acknowledge caste privilege, and the continuity of an agonistic intellectual inheritance, exemplified in the deep differences between Ambedkar and Gandhi in the Indian nationalist discourse on caste. The paper argues that for a modern anti-casteism to develop, at stake is the possibility of an ethical social solidarity. Following Ambedkar, this expansive solidarity can only be found through our willingness to subject received opinions and traditions to critical scrutiny. Since opposed groups ‘make sense’ of their worlds in ways that might generate collective hypocrisies of denial of caste effects, anti-casteism must be geared to expose the lie that caste as the system of graded inequality is benign and seamlessly self-perpetuating, when it is everywhere enforced through penalties for transgression of local caste norms with the complicity of the privileged castes. The ideal for modern anti-casteism is Maitri (friendship) formed through praxis, eschewing birth-ascribed caste status and loyalties.
Do similar foragers flock together? Nonbreeding foraging behavior and its impact on mixed-species flocking associations in a subtropical region
Authors: Jones Harrison H , Walters Mitchell J , Robinson Scott K 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMixed-species flocks are ubiquitous in forest bird communities, yet the extent to which positive (facilitative) or negative (competitive) interactions structure these assemblages has been a subject of debate. Here, we describe the fine-scale foraging ecology and use network analysis to quantify mixed-species flocking interactions of an insectivorous bird community in hardwood forests of north-central Florida. Our goal was to determine if similarly foraging species are more (facilitation hypothesis) or less (competition hypothesis) likely to associate in flocks, and if foraging ecology can explain intraspecific abundance patterns within flocks. We quantified attack maneuvers, foraging substrate, and foraging microhabitat of all 17 common insectivorous species in these forests and characterized the composition of 92 flocks encountered. Flocking was important in our community; 14 of 17 species joined more than 5% of flocks, and 10 species had flocking propensities of over 0.80. Our results supported both hypothesized mechanisms structuring flock composition. Species had distinct, well-defined foraging niches during the nonbreeding season, but foraging niche overlap among flocking species was greater than expected by chance. Consistent with the facilitation hypothesis, we found that similarly foraging species were significantly more likely to associate in flocks, a result driven by lower association strengths in large-bodied woodpeckers. We found no evidence of assortment by foraging behavior, however, likely because foraging behavior and substrate use showed strong niche partitioning at the fine scale within our community. Intraspecific abundance patterns were significantly linked to foraging substrate use, with live leaf use correlated with high within-flock abundance and relative abundance at study sites. Species that specialized on comparatively less abundant substrates (tree trunks, epiphytes, dead leaves) joined flocks as singletons, showed lower relative abundance, and may exhibit nonbreeding territoriality. Our results highlight the importance of foraging substrate use and mixed-species flocks in structuring the nonbreeding ecology of migratory birds.
SSIF: Subsumption-based Sub-term Inference Framework to audit Gene Ontology
Authors: Abeysinghe Rashmie , Hinderer Eugene W , Moseley Hunter N B , Cui Licong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Motivation
The Gene Ontology (GO) is the unifying biological vocabulary for codifying, managing and sharing biological knowledge. Quality issues in GO, if not addressed, can cause misleading results or missed biological discoveries. Manual identification of potential quality issues in GO is a challenging and arduous task, given its growing size. We introduce an automated auditing approach for suggesting potentially missing is-a relations, which may further reveal erroneous is-a relations.

Results
We developed a Subsumption-based Sub-term Inference Framework (SSIF) by leveraging a novel term-algebra on top of a sequence-based representation of GO concepts along with three conditional rules (monotonicity, intersection and sub-concept rules). Applying SSIF to the October 3, 2018 release of GO suggested 1938 unique potentially missing is-a relations. Domain experts evaluated a random sample of 210 potentially missing is-a relations. The results showed SSIF achieved a precision of 60.61, 60.49 and 46.03% for the monotonicity, intersection and sub-concept rules, respectively.

Availability and implementation
SSIF is implemented in Java. The source code is available at https://github.com/rashmie/SSIF.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Reconstructing ancestral chromosome numbers and inflorescence features in Eleusininae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae)
Authors: Chiavegatto Raquel B , Carta Angelino , Pereira Diego G S , Benites Flavio R G , Techio Vânia H , Peruzzi Lorenzo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe chromosome number in Poaceae has changed widely over 77 Myr of evolution and polyploidization. Chromosome number changes can suggest a high rate of diversification and evolutionary novelties, and such changes can contribute to speciation. Despite this, chromosome numbers alone do not allow the evolutionary history of a group to be traced. Combined phylogenetic and karyological analyses can clarify the evolutionary history of taxa and allow taxonomic relationships and hierarchical levels to be inferred. The subtribe Eleusininae is the largest of the subfamily Chloridoideae. This study aims to reconstruct their chromosome number evolution, for which ChromEvol 2.0 software was used. Haploid chromosome numbers of Eleusininae were retrieved from the literature, and a consensus phylogenetic tree of Eleusininae was reconstructed. It was possible to infer 41 events of chromosome rearrangements along the evolutionary history of Eleusininae, according to the probabilistic model used. Chromosome number evolution in Eleusininae was mainly influenced by polyploidy events. The ancestral basic chromosome number for Eleusininae was p = 6, but the most recent common ancestor showed p2 = 10. In addition, some derived basic chromosome numbers, such as x = 9, arose through dysploidy, whereas x = 20 was generated via polyploidy.
Smaller Compressed Suffix Arrays†
Authors: Benza Ekaterina , Klein Shmuel T , Shapira Dana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn alternative to compressed suffix arrays is introduced, based on representing a sequence of integers using Fibonacci encodings, thereby reducing the space requirements of state-of-the-art implementations of the suffix array, while retaining the searching functionalities. Empirical tests support the theoretical space complexity improvements and show that there is no deterioration in the processing times.
Validation and update of the thoracic surgery scoring system (Thoracoscore) risk model
Authors: Die Loucou Julien , Pagès Pierre-Benoit , Falcoz Pierre-Emmanuel , Thomas Pascal-Alexandre , Rivera Caroline , Brouchet Laurent , Baste Jean-Marc , Puyraveau Marc , Bernard Alain , Dahan Marcel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The performance of prediction models tends to deteriorate over time. The purpose of this study was to update the Thoracoscore risk prediction model with recent data from the Epithor nationwide thoracic surgery database.

METHODS
From January 2016 to December 2017, a total of 56 279 patients were operated on for mediastinal, pleural, chest wall or lung disease. We used 3 recommended methods to update the Thoracoscore prediction model and then proceeded to develop a new risk model. Thirty-day hospital mortality included patients who died within the first 30 days of the operation and those who died later during the same hospital stay.

RESULTS
We compared the baseline patient characteristics in the original data used to develop the Thoracoscore prediction model and the validation data. The age distribution was different, with specifically more patients older than 65 years in the validation group. Video-assisted thoracoscopy accounted for 47% of surgeries in the validation group compared but only 18% in the original data. The calibration curve used to update the Thoracoscore confirmed the overfitting of the 3 methods. The Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was significant for the 3 updated models. Some coefficients were overfitted (American Society of Anesthesiologists score, performance status and procedure class) in the validation data. The new risk model has a correct calibration as indicated by the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, which was non-significant. The C-index was strong for the new risk model (0.84), confirming the ability of the new risk model to differentiate patients with and without the outcome. Internal validation shows no overfitting for the new model

CONCLUSIONS
The new Thoracoscore risk model has improved performance and good calibration, making it appropriate for use in current clinical practice.
The dual trade impact of non-tariff measures: an empirical assessment of China’s pork imports
Authors: Peci Jurgen , Sanjuán Ana Isabel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Theoretical arguments and empirical evidence suggest that non-tariff measures (NTMs) generate a mixture of trade effects. Using the maximum level of disaggregation provided by the UNCTAD NTMs database (four-digit), and focusing on those measures applied by China in its pork trade, a gravity equation is estimated with the poisson pseudo maximum likelihood estimator. Results confirm both restricting and promoting effects that higher levels of NTM aggregation mask. Compared to the average tariff applied by main importers (9 per cent) and China (14 per cent), the most restrictive NTMs are more stringent, with ad-valorem equivalents between 15 and 33 per cent. Simulations illustrate the upper bound bilateral trade gain from NTM removal and the resulting repercussions for China’s pork import shares.
Quality of collaboration and information handovers in palliative care: a survey study on the perspectives of nurses in the Southwest Region of the Netherlands
Authors: Engel Marijanne , van der Ark Andrée , Tamerus Rosanne , van der Heide Agnes 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
When patients receiving palliative care are transferred between care settings, adequate collaboration and information exchange between health care professionals is necessary to ensure continuity, efficiency and safety of care. Several studies identified deficits in communication and information exchange between care settings. Aim of this study was to get insight in the quality of collaboration and information exchange in palliative care from the perspectives of nurses.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional regional survey study among nurses working in different care settings. Nurses were approached via professional networks and media. Respondents were asked questions about collaboration in palliative care in general and about their last deceased patient. Potential associations between quality scores for collaboration and information handovers and characteristics of respondents or patients were tested with Pearson’s chi-square test.

Results
A total of 933 nurses filled in the questionnaire. Nurses working in nursing homes were least positive about inter-organizational collaboration. Forty-six per cent of all nurses had actively searched for such collaboration in the last year. For their last deceased patient, 10% of all nurses had not received the information handover in time, 33% missed information they needed. An adequate information handover was positively associated with timeliness and completeness of the information and the patient being well-informed, not with procedural characteristics.

Conclusion
Nurses report that collaboration between care settings and information exchange in palliative care is suboptimal. This study suggests that health care organizations should give more attention to shared professionalization towards inter-organizational collaboration among nurses in order to facilitate high-quality palliative care.