bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-resolved temperature profile measurements in the exhaust of a single sector gas turbine combustor at realistic operating conditions
Authors: Greifenstein M. , Heinze J. , Willert C. , Voigt L. , Zedda M. , Richter C. , Dreizler A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Records of the time-varying temperature profile at flight relevant operating conditions are acquired at the exit of a combustion chamber fitted with a staged, lean-burn fuel injector using high-speed laser induced fluorescence (LIF) at a sample rate of 10 kHz. Temperatures are estimated from the concentration dependent fluorescence of the hydroxyl (OH) radical under the assumption of local equilibrium. Beyond the time-series analysis, the acquired data is correlated with simultaneously acquired OH chemiluminescence sampled in the primary zone near the fuel injector. These analyses reveal a strong influence from the precessing vortex core, originating in the primary zone, on oscillations in the temperature profiles measured at the exit of the combustor.

Graphic abstract
Systematic review of pineal cysts surgery in pediatric patients
Authors: Choque-Velasquez Joham , Colasanti Roberto , Baluszek Szymon , Resendiz-Nieves Julio , Muhammad Sajjad , Ludtka Christopher , Hernesniemi Juha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe present a consecutive case series and a systematic review of surgically treated pediatric PCs. We hypothesized that the symptomatic PC is a progressive disease with hydrocephalus at its last stage. We also propose that PC microsurgery is associated with better postoperative outcomes compared to other treatments.MethodsThe systematic review was conducted in PubMed and Scopus. No clinical study on pediatric PC patients was available. We performed a comprehensive evaluation of the available individual patient data of 43 (22 case reports and 21 observational series) articles.ResultsThe review included 109 patients (72% females). Ten-year-old or younger patients harbored smaller PC sizes compared to older patients (p< 0.01). The pediatric PCs operated on appeared to represent a progressive disease, which started with unspecific symptoms with a mean cyst diameter of 14.5 mm, and progressed to visual impairment with a mean cyst diameter of 17.8 mm, and hydrocephalus with a mean cyst diameter of 23.5 mm in the final stages of disease (p< 0.001). Additionally, 96% of patients saw an improvement in their symptoms or became asymptomatic after surgery. PC microsurgery linked with superior gross total resection compared to endoscopic and stereotactic procedures (p< 0.001).ConclusionsSurgically treated pediatric PCs appear to behave as a progressive disease, which starts with cyst diameters of approximately 15 mm and develops with acute or progressive hydrocephalus at the final stage. PC microneurosurgery appears to be associated with a more complete surgical resection compared to other procedures.
A systematic review of neurological symptoms and complications of COVID-19
Authors: Chen Xiangliang , Laurent Sarah , Onur Oezguer A. , Kleineberg Nina N. , Fink Gereon R. , Schweitzer Finja , Warnke Clemens 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective
To study the frequency of neurological symptoms and complications in COVID-19 patients in a systematic review of the literature.

Methods
Relevant studies were identified through electronic explorations of PubMed, medRxiv, and bioRxiv. Besides, three Chinese databases were searched. A snowballing method searching the bibliographies of the retrieved references was applied to identify potentially relevant articles. Articles published within 1 year prior to April 20th, 2020, were screened with no language restriction imposed. Databases were searched for terms related to SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and neurological manifestations, using a pre-established protocol registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database (ID: CRD42020187994).

Results
A total of 2441 articles were screened for relevant content, of which 92 full-text publications were included in the analyses of neurological manifestations of COVID-19. Headache, dizziness, taste and smell dysfunctions, and impaired consciousness were the most frequently described neurological symptoms, the latter more often among patients with a severe or critical disease course. To date, only smaller cohort studies or single cases have reported cerebrovascular events, seizures, meningoencephalitis, and immune-mediated neurological diseases, not suitable for quantitative analysis.

Conclusion
The most frequent neurological symptoms reported in association with COVID-19 are non-specific for the infection with SARS-CoV-2. Although SARS-CoV-2 may have the potential to gain direct access to the nervous system, so far, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid in two cases only. Standardized international registries are needed to clarify the clinical relevance of the neuropathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 and to elucidate a possible impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on common neurological disease, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis.
Transitions in frailty state after kidney transplantation
Authors: Quint Evelien E. , Schopmeyer Lasse , Banning Louise B.D. , Moers Cyril , El Moumni Mostafa , Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke Gertrude J. , Berger Stefan P. , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Pol Robert A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Frailty is the body’s failure to return to homeostasis after every day or acute stressful events, causing adverse outcomes. To study its dynamics in kidney transplant recipients (KTR), we determined whether the degree of frailty and its domains are affected by kidney transplantation (KT).

Methods
Between 2015 and 2017, 176 KTR were included. Frailty scores were measured using the Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI), assessed preoperatively and during follow-up. Transitions in frailty state and changes in the individual domains were determined.

Results
Mean age (±SD) was 51.8 (± 14.1) years, and 63.1% of KTR were male. Thirty patients were considered frail (GFI ≥ 4) at baseline. After a mean follow-up of 22.8 ± 8.3 months, 34 non-frail patients (19.3%) became frail, 125 patients (71.0%) remained the same, and 17 frail patients (9.7%) became non-frail (GFI < 4). In the domain psychosocial functioning, 28.4% of the patients had an increase in GFI score after follow-up. Patients who scored a point in the domain cognition at baseline had a greater chance of becoming frail (OR 4.38, 95% CI 0.59–32.24).

Conclusion
In conclusion, almost one-fifth of non-frail KTR transitioned to a frail state after their transplantation. These results could be used to predict the impact of KT on frailty course and help with implementing prehabilitation for patients at risk.
Preventing chylous ascites after right hemicolectomy with D3 extended mesenterectomy
Authors: Agustsdottir Elin Edda Seland , Stimec Bojan V. , Stroemmen Tine Tveit , Sheikh Ariba Ehsan , Elaiyarajah Ilackiya , Lindstroem Jonas Christoffer , Ignjatovic Dejan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
We aim to find the incidence of chylous ascites in patients undergoing D3 extended mesenterectomy and evaluate if a routine fat-reduced diet (FRD) has a prophylactic effect.

Methods
Data from 138 patients included in a D3 extended mesenterectomy trial were collected prospectively. Surgical drains and biochemical testing of drain fluid were used to find the incidence of chylous ascites among the first 39 patients, and a prophylactic fat-reduced diet was then implemented in the next 99 patients as a prophylactic measure.

Results
In the first 39 patients, we found that 16 (41.0%) developed chylous ascites. After the fat-reduced diet was implemented, 1 (1.0%) of 99 patients developed chylous ascites. Drain discharge was 150 vs. 80 mL daily, respectively, and a regression analysis shows the average leakage in the group with fat-reduced diet was 105 mL/day less than in the patients with no dietary restrictions (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the rate of other complications (Fisher exact test, one-tailed p = 0.8845), and although there was a tendency to a shorter hospital stay when given a fat-reduced diet (7.3 ± 5.4 vs. 8.9 ± 4.9 days), the difference was not significant (p = 0.19).

Conclusions
Chylous ascites is a very common postoperative occurrence after right colectomy with extended D3 mesenterectomy and may be prevented using a routine fat-reduced diet.
Seedlings from marginal and core populations of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) respond differently to imposed drought and shade
Authors: Wang Fang , Israel David , Ramírez-Valiente José-Alberto , Sánchez-Gómez David , Aranda Ismael , Aphalo Pedro J. , Robson T. Matthew 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Key message
Local adaptation largely segregates between traits affecting light responses and water relations, but population-level differences in stomatal conductance when growth is unconstrained converge among populations under water stress.

Abstract
Warming temperatures and altered precipitation patterns threaten plant populations worldwide. European beech (Fagus sylvatica) is a species that expresses both high phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation among populations. Beech seedlings’ susceptibility to prolonged drought may be dictated by their immediate light environment. We tested whether seedlings of four beech provenances, from contrasting edaphoclimatic environments, expressed differences in trait responses to imposed water stress under sun and shade treatments. Populations from the southern range margin were expected to display greater water-stress tolerance and core populations’ faster growth rates in the absence of abiotic limitations. Both high light and water stress induced differences in trait responses among provenances, but traits that failed to respond to our experimental treatments likewise did not segregate at the provenance level. Hence, those traits responding to light, e.g., increasing leaf flavonol index and leaf mass area, also tended to differ among provenances. Similarly, there was evidence of local adaptation among provenances in traits, like midday leaf water potential, responding to water stress. Exceptionally, there was a three way interaction water- × -light- × -provenance for stomatal conductance which converged among provenances under water stress. Leaf chlorophyll content also varied both with light and water in a provenance-specific manner. We found core provenances’ growth traits to outperform others under favourable conditions, whereas southern and high-elevation populations displayed traits adapted to tolerate high irradiance. Only stomatal conductance produced a complementary interactive response between light- × -water across provenances, whereas other traits responded less to combined water stress and high irradiance than to either treatment alone.
Health effects of electronic cigarette (e‑cigarette) use on organ systems and its implications for public health
Authors: Seiler-Ramadas Radhika , Sandner Isabell , Haider Sandra , Grabovac Igor , Dorner Thomas Ernst 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Background
There has been growing concern over the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in recent years. Although advocated as an aid to smoking cessation, there is increasing evidence of harm not just to the respiratory system, but to all other organs in the body. To give a clearer picture on how e‑cigarettes can affect our health, we gathered an overview of the literature on the various health effects of e‑cigarettes and categorized them into how they specifically affect organ systems.
E‑cigarette exposure has produced a range of stress and inflammatory reactions in the pulmonary system, including shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, bronchial and pulmonary irritations, and impaired pulmonary function. In the oral and gastrointestinal system, gingival inflammation, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea have been reported. Increased tachycardia and blood pressure were reported reactions in the cardiovascular system. In the neurological system headaches, irritability, anxiety, dependence and insomnia were observed. Other effects included ocular irritation, contact dermatitis, acute renal insufficiency, toxicity and potential carcinogenicity. Nevertheless, studies have found improvements in time-based memory and nicotine withdrawal associated with the cessation of conventional cigarette smoking and switching to e‑cigarette use. Also, toxic and carcinogenic metabolites were reportedly lower in e‑cigarette smokers than in conventional cigarette smokers.

Conclusion
A growing number of studies are showing the adverse effects caused by e‑cigarettes on all human organ systems. Further research on the chemical components, the diverse flavors, and the long-term effects on active and passive users are needed to clarify the implications of e‑cigarette use on individual and public health.
Functional impairment outcomes in clinical trials of different ADHD medications: post hoc responder analyses and baseline subgroup analyses
Authors: Coghill David R. , Werner-Kiechle Tamara , Farahbakhshian Sepehr , Bliss Caleb , Robertson Brigitte , Huss Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeveral recent phase 3 clinical trials of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications have used the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Report (WFIRS-P). Here, we assess WFIRS-P response in individual patients in two pivotal trials of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) and guanfacine extended release (GXR). We also analysed pooled WFIRS-P data from seven phase 3 studies of ADHD medications to shed light on factors associated with baseline functional impairment. The proportion of patients with a change in WFIRS-P score that exceeded the minimal important difference (MID) criteria for response was greater for LDX than placebo in the Family, Learning and School, and Risky Activities domains, and was greater for GXR than placebo in the Social Activities, Learning and School, and Family domains. Responders had significantly worse baseline scores in all WFIRS-P domains (all p < 0.001) than non-responders. In the pooled analyses, baseline WFIRS-P scores in all domains were significantly worse in participants with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) than in those without ODD. Having combined type or hyperactive-impulsive type ADHD, being enrolled into a study in Europe, being male and being younger also had modest negative effects on baseline WFIRS-P scores. The present analysis of WFIRS-P response shows that previously reported group-level improvements in WFIRS-P functional impairment score translated into clinically relevant improvements in many individual participants. Functional impairment is a diverse and subjective construct that is influenced by multiple factors. Optimal management of individuals with ADHD should involve monitoring improvements in functioning and quality of life, as well as symptomatic improvement.
Sobolev Spaces $W^{1,p}(\mathbb {R}^{n},\gamma )$ Weighted by the Gaussian Normal Distribution $\gamma (x):=\frac {1}{\sqrt {\pi }^{n}}\exp (-|x|^{2})$ and the Spectral Theory
Authors: Sauvigny Friedrich 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the spectral theory it does make a difference, whether we consider differential operators on bounded or unbounded domains. In order to treat eigenvalue problems on the whole Euclidean space, we construct Sobolev spaces over$\mathbb {R}^{n}$ℝn, which are weighted by theGaussian normal distribution. By the methods presented in Chapters 2, 8, and 10 of the treatiseF. Sauvigny: Partial Differential Equations 1 and 2, Springer Universitext (2012), we can prove an analogue of theSobolev embedding theoremand aRellich selection theoremfor the Sobolev spaces$W_{0}^{1,p}(\mathbb {R}^{n},\gamma )$W01,p(ℝn,γ)weighted byγ- with vanishing values towards infinity. We achieve these specific results for ourentire Sobolev spaces$W^{1,p}(\mathbb {R}^{n},\gamma )$W1,p(ℝn,γ), since we concentrate on the Gaussian normal distributionγas our weight function. Even our notion of theweighted partial derivativedepends on this weight function. Within the so-calledGauß–Rellich space$W_{0}^{1,2}(\mathbb {R}^{n},\gamma )$W01,2(ℝn,γ)we shall investigate the discrete spectrum of weighted elliptic operators over$\mathbb {R}^{n}$ℝnby spectral methods. There we rely on the treatiseF. Sauvigny: Spektraltheorie selbstadjungierter Operatoren im Hilbertraum und elliptischer Differentialoperatoren, Springer Spektrum (2019). By reflection methods, we solve eigenvalue problems for elliptic differential operators on the sectorial domain$\mathbb {R}_{+}^{n}$ℝ+nunder vanishing and mixed boundary conditions.
Transcriptome Analysis of Dimorphic Fungus Sporothrix schenckii Exposed to Temperature Stress
Authors: He Dan , Zhang Xiaowei , Gao Song , You Hailong , Zhao Yanbing , Wang Li 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Sporothrix schenckii is a thermally dimorphic fungus. In a saprotrophic environment or culturing at 25 °C, it grows as mycelia, whereas in host tissues or culturing at 37 °C, it undergoes dimorphic transition and division into pathogenic yeast cells. S. schenckii can cause serious disseminated sporotrichosis in immunocompromised hosts and presents an emerging global health problem. The mycelium-to-yeast transition was a consequence of the adaptive process to different environment. Some studies showed that the transition was significantly related to the virulence and pathogenesis of dimorphic fungi. However the genetic mechanisms of this complicated biological process are poorly understood.

Method
Our study presented a comparative transcriptomic analysis perspective on temperature stress in a visceral isolates of S. schenckii, obtaining more genetic information related to dimorphic transition.

Results
The 9.38 Gbp dataset was generated and assembled into 14,423 unigenes. Compared with gene and protein databases, 9561 unigenes were annotated. Comparative analysis identified 1259 genes expressed differentially in mycelium and yeast phase, and were categorized into a number of important biological processes, such as synthesis and metabolism, transmembrane transport, biocatalysis, oxidation reduction, and cellular signal transduction.

Conclusions
The findings suggested that temperature-dependent transition was tightly associated with stress adaptation, growth and development, signal regulation, adhesion, and colonization, which was predicted to be related with virulence and pathogenesis. Collection of these data should offer fine-scale insights into the mechanisms of dimorphism and pathogenesis of S. schenckii, and meanwhile facilitate the evolutionary and function studies of other dimorphic fungi.
Contribution of beta diversity in shaping stream macroinvertebrate communities among hydro-ecoregions
Authors: Bo Tiziano , Doretto Alberto , Levrino Marco , Fenoglio Stefano 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRivers are heterogeneous and patchy-structured systems in which regional biodiversity of aquatic communities typically varies as a function of local habitat conditions and spatial gradients. Understanding which environmental and spatial constraints shape the diversity and composition of benthic communities is therefore a pivotal challenge for basic and applied research in river ecology. In this study, benthic invertebrates were collected from 27 sites across three hydro-ecoregions with the aim of investigating patterns inα- andβdiversity. We first assessed the contribution to regional biodiversity of different and nested spatial scales, ranging from micro-habitat to hydro-ecoregion. Then, we tested differences inαdiversity, taxonomic composition and ecological uniqueness among hydro-ecoregions. Variance partitioning analysis was used to evaluate the mechanistic effects of environmental and spatial variables on the composition of macroinvertebrate communities. Macroinvertebrate diversity was significantly affected by all the spatial scales, with a differential contribution according to the type of metric. Sampling site was the spatial scale that mostly contributed to the total richness, while the micro-habitat level explained the largest proportion of variance in Shannon–Wiener index. We found significant differences in the taxonomic composition, with 39 invertebrate families significantly associated with one or two hydro-ecoregions. However, effects of environmental and spatial controls were context dependent, indicating that the mechanisms that promote beta diversity probably differ among hydro-ecoregions. Evidence for species sorting, due to natural areas and stream order, was observed for macroinvertebrate communities in alpine streams, while spatial and land-use variables played a weak role in other geographical contexts.
Buy Coal or Kick-Start Green Innovation? Energy Policies in an Open Economy
Authors: Ravetti Chiara , Theoduloz Tania , Valacchi Giulia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper analyses two unilateral policies available to countries that want to rapidly curb carbon emissions in the global economy, but do not own any fossil fuel resources. If fossil fuel owners do not cooperate in$$\hbox {CO}_2$$CO2emission reduction efforts, the only strategy to reduce their fossil fuels’ use is to exploit the interconnectedness of production given by international trade. We compare a Pigouvian approach, namely a subsidy for renewable energy prices, and a Coasian supply-side strategy, buying extractive rights over fossil fuel deposits abroad. Using a dynamic North–South trade model with endogenous innovation, we show how these policies, designed to prevent an environmental disaster, have different cost and welfare profiles. If fossil fuel deposits can be purchased at their market price, the supply-side policy achieves the highest welfare. If instead the fossil fuel owners require a full compensation for their income loss, subsidies for renewable energy inputs can result in higher welfare, but only if the resource-rich region has less advanced technologies for green energy production than the countries implementing the policy.
Irony, Disruption and Moral Imperfection
Authors: Declercq Dieter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIrony has a suspicious moral reputation, especially in popular media and internet culture. Jonathan Lear (2011) introduces a proposal which challenges this suspicion and identifies irony as a means to achieve human excellence. For Lear, irony is a disruptive uncanniness which arises from a gap between aspiration and actualisation in our practical identity. According to Lear, such a disruptive experience of ironic uncanniness reorients us toward excellence, because it passionately propels us to really live up to that practical identity. However, Lear’s understanding of irony is idiosyncratic and his proposal overlooks that disruption often results from value incompatibility between different practical identities. The disruption which follows from value incompatibility does not inherently reorient us toward excellence. The point is exactly that achieving excellence in one practical identity is sometimes incompatible with excellence in the other. Pace Lear, I do not identify this disruptive experience as a central example of irony. Instead, I consider irony a virtuous coping strategy for such disruption, because it introduces the necessary distance from our moral imperfection to sustain practical deliberation and maintain good mental health. Such virtuous irony negotiates a golden mean between too little disruption (complete insensitivity toward one’s imperfection) and too much disruption (a complete breakdown of practical deliberation and mental health). I argue that ironic media in popular culture provide a rich source of such virtuous irony, which I demonstrate through analysis of satirical examples.