bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Screening Method for Isolation of Microalgae Strains That Accumulate Lipids Under Nitrate-replete Conditions
Authors: Oyama Tomoki , Kato Yuichi , Satoh Katsuya , Oono Yutaka , Hasunuma Tomohisa , Kondo Akihiko 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Microalgae biofuels have attracted global attention as an alternative to fossil fuels as an energy resource. Microalgae generally accumulate lipids under nitrogen-depleted conditions, but cell growth is depressed under these conditions which causes decrease in lipid productivity. To realize one-step cultivation for biofuel production, microalgae that highly accumulate lipids even under nitrogen-replete conditions are needed. This study aimed to develop a screening method for microalgae mutants with high lipid content even in the presence of a nitrogen source.Results: Mutant cells were generated by irradiating the oleaginous green microalga Chlamydomonas sp. KOR1 with carbon ion beams, cultured under nitrate-replete conditions, and then subjected to FACS-based screening for lipid-rich cells. By repeatedly performing the sequential procedures of cultivation and selection, strains KAC1710 and KAC1801, which highly accumulate lipids under nitrate-replete conditions, were successfully obtained. These mutants formed significant lipid droplets in the cells even in the presence of abundant nitrate and achieved 1.5- and 2.1-fold greater lipid content compared to KOR1, respectively.Conclusion: This study developed a novel nitrogen-conditioned screening method for microalgae mutants that accumulate lipids in the presence of a nitrogen source. This method should contribute to microalgae biofuel production via one-step cultivation under nitrogen-replete conditions.
DNA Methylation in OPG/RANK/RANKL Pathway is Associated with Steroid-induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Sun Menghu , Cao Yuju , Yang Xiaolong , An Feimeng , Wu Huiqiang , Wang Jianzhong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The dysregulation of OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway is a key step in the occurrence of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). This study aims to understand the degree of methylation of OPG, RANK and RANKL genes in steroid-related ONFH.Methods: A case-control study was designed, including 50 patients and 50 controls. The Agena MassARRAY platform is used to detect the methylation status of OPG, RANK and RANKL genes in the blood of subjects. The relationship between the methylation level of the CpG site of each gene and the steroid-related ONFH was analyzed.Results: In the CpG islands of the OPG, RANK and RANKL genes of steroid-related ONFH patients, a number of CpG sites with high methylation rate and high methylation level were found. Some hypermethylated CpG sites increase the risk of steroid-related ONFH. In addition, by constructing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, we also discovered a few hypermethylated CpG sites, which have predictive diagnostic value for steroid-related ONFH.Conclusion: Methylation in the OPG / RANK / RANKL signaling pathway increases the risk of steroid-related ONFH. Some hypermethylated CpG sites can be used as early prediction and diagnostic targets for steroid-related ONFH.
Communication Challenges Faced by Spanish-Speaking Caregivers of Children with Medical Complexity
Authors: Nageswaran Savithri , Ellis Margaret , Beveridge Mark Stockton 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Children with medical complexity (CMC) are at increased risk of fragmented care. Communication between caregivers and healthcare providers is important in the delivery of high-quality healthcare for children with medical complexity (CMC). Latino CMC face greater challenges in access to healthcare services. Hispanic children face greater challenges in access to healthcare services. Our objective was to describe the communication challenges faced by Spanish-speaking parents/caregivers of CMC. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 70 CMC enrolled in a complex care program of a tertiary care children’s hospital in western North Carolina. We reviewed the care coordination tasks from encounter logs maintained by the program’s two bilingual care coordinators for a median observation period of 45 months. Data were then validated by the care coordinators. Data containing care coordination tasks were entered into ATLAS.ti and coded. Qualitative data analysis was performed. Using thematic content analysis and an iterative process, we identified recurrent themes related to communication challenges of Spanish-speaking caregivers. Results: Median age of children was 5 years; 51% were girls; 97% had Medicaid; and 3% were uninsured. Seven children died during the observation period. Three major themes were identified: 1) Spanish-speaking caregivers faced many communication challenges primarily because of language barrier. 2) Multiple factors at caregiver-, provider-, and system-levels, in addition to language barrier, contributed to communication challenges. 3) Communication challenges had serious consequences for CMC. These consequences were lessened by bilingual care coordinators.Conclusion: Spanish-speaking caregivers of CMC face unique communication challenges resulting in negative impact on the healthcare of these children. Bilingual care coordinators can help improve communication between Spanish-speaking caregivers of CMC and their healthcare providers. Interventions to address communication challenges of Spanish-speaking caregivers are warranted.
Simulating Protein Structure to Support Clinical Decisions: Predicting the Ligand Specific Impact of Genomic Variation on Opioid Binding
Authors: Shivakumar Vikram , Reid Whitney , Madhavan Subha , McCoy Matthew D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Predicting the impact of missense protein variants on drug binding would have a widespread implications on the practice of genomic medicine, including matching a molecular therapy and dosage to an individual’s genome sequence. Genetic variation is widespread within G-protein-coupled receptors, which can affect overall structure and conformation of the receptors. These structural changes in turn impact ligand binding interactions, which may change the overall dosage requirements for target drugs. In this study, we used molecular docking simulations to explore the effect of missense variants on opioid drug binding affinity to the opioid receptor mu 1 (OPMR1). Methods: Using high-throughput, in silico docking simulations, the binding interactions of 27 opioid drugs to naturally occurring variants in opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) were used to predict changes to ligand binding affinity. The binding energy of the small molecules to the wild-type receptor was compared to an experimentally derived inhibitory constant (Ki) for validation, and the variant-induced disruptions in variant:drug interactions used to predict the impact on the effective drug dosage. Results: The binding energies for each drug-variant receptor pair relative to the wildtype receptor and drug showed trends across drugs, with some variants showing enhancing (238I, 302I) or diminishing (235M, 235N) effects on binding affinity. The 153V variant showed increased binding affinity for certain drugs, and decreased affinity for others. The simulation results correlated well with experimentally derived inhibitory constants (R2 = 0.69), and an exponential regression model revealed how changes in relative binding energy between wildtype and variant structures predict changes to Ki.Conclusions: The simulation results illustrate the potential for integrating genetic variation into the process of development of small molecule therapies to support genomic-driven medicine. Depending on the drug and location, amino acid variation can either increase or decrease the strength of the molecular interactions and should be considered when determining drug dosage. The scale of variation and the cost of experimental characterization underscores the potential for accurate simulation based methods to inform clinical decisions.
HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge and Behavior Among High School Students in A Less-Developed High-Risk Region: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mohamadian Alireza , Sharifi Hamid , Hassanzadeh Jafar , Mohebbi-Nodezh Mohsen , Mohebbi-Nodezh Mohammad , Vardanjani Hossein Molavi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Some residents of the Persian Gulf Coastline (PGC) areas are circular migrants due to geo-commercial issues. They have a higher risk of HIV infection, lack of awareness, and non-disclosure of their HIV/AIDS status. These people who live with HIV (PLHIV) are considered as the bridge population for HIV transmission to general population, especially adolescents. This study sought to investigate the knowledge and behavior of adolescents about HIV/AIDS prevention and transmission in a less-developed high-risk area located along the PGC.Methods: In this cross-sectional study using multistage cluster random sampling, 1450 students were invited to complete a standardized questionnaire. The prevalence of adequate knowledge, condom use, and stigmatization of HIV/AIDS and their 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were estimated. Adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) were estimated using ordinal logistic regression.Results: Totally, 17.09% (CI: 15.0- 19.3) of the students had adequate knowledge. Social networks and the internet were the most important sources of information (20.9%, CI: 18.6-23.3). Socioeconomic status (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.7-2.3), gender (0.6, CI: 0.5- 0.8), residential area (0.08, CI: 0.05-0.1), and using social networks and the internet as the main sources of information (1.5, CI: 1.1-1.9) were correlated to the level of knowledge. Furthermore, 29.8% (CI: 27.2-32.5) of the students respected the social rights of PLHIV, and 12.6% (CI: 10.7-14.6) reported condom use.Conclusion: HIV/AIDS-related educational programs are recommended in the PGC, especially for males, students from marginalized areas, and people with lower socioeconomic statuses. Social networks and the internet may be the most effective way to improve people's knowledge about HIV/AIDS.
Recent Surgical Outcomes of Ebstein’s Anomaly: A Focus on Changes in Outcomes Due to Cone Repair
Authors: Choi Eun-Young , Kim Eun Sun , Kim Jung Yoon , Kim Seong-Ho , Lim Jae Hong , Kim Eung Re , Lee Chang-Ha 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Ebstein’s anomaly exhibits a wide variety of clinical features, and therefore, proposing a standardized treatment for it is difficult. This study was conducted to determine whether Cone repair, which has been implemented in our hospital since 2008, is more effective than conventional repair.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical information of patients with Ebstein’s anomaly who were followed-up at the hospital from 2000 to 2019. A total of 61 patients who had undergone tricuspid valve repair after 2000 were divided into the conventional and Cone repair groups and their clinical outcomes were compared.Results: Of the 170 patients, 82 (48.2%) patients received surgical treatment for the tricuspid valve, whereas 75 patients received only medical treatment. The median follow-up duration was 5.89 years. After surgery, tricuspid valve regurgitation decreased and aortic stroke volume increased in both the Cone and conventional repair groups. In the Cone repair group, no mortality and postoperative complete atrioventricular block occurred and significantly fewer cases of moderate to severe tricuspid valve regurgitation were noted after surgery compared with the conventional repair group.Conclusions: Cone repair is thought to be a method with less mortality and less occurrence of complete atrioventricular block than conventional repair.
Association Between ACL Injury and Restricted Hip Range of Motion Among Athletes: A Case Control Study
Authors: Escudeiro Diego , Junior Aires Duarte , Guglielmetti Luiz Gabriel Betoni , Lima Marcos Vaz de , Jorge Pedro Baches , Santili Cláudio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is the most common knee ligament injury worldwide, and it is considered as a public health problem because of its high incidence and both short- and long-term consequences. Recently, the scientific literature has shown a trend in the study of post-injury treatments and the possible risk factors associated with the causes of these injuries to facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms of this injury and assist in the elaboration of preventive measures, especially for athletes or practitioners of physical activities. This study compared the hip range of motion (ROM) measurements of athletes depending on the presence of ipsilateral ACL injury. Methods: Athletes diagnosed with previous ACL injury were selected for the case group, and those with other injuries were selected for the control group. Data regarding participants’ histories, ages, genders, and the sports practiced were collected. All participants underwent hip ROM measurements using a goniometer. Hip radiographs were taken to measure the Alpha (α) and Wiberg (w) angles. For the statistical analysis, the means and standard deviations were calculated for continuous variables, and frequencies (percentages) were calculated for dichotomous variables. A p-value less than 5% was defined as significant. Student's t-tests were used for continuous variables, and chi-square tests was used for categorical variables.Results: A total of 77 participants were included: 47 athletes with ACL injuries and 30 with other musculoskeletal injuries. The mean age was 24.7 years, and 46.7% were female. No between-group differences were found with regard to the baseline characteristics. Most of the athletes played futsal (50.6%) followed by soccer (29.8%). The cases presented with significant reductions in hip internal rotation (IR; 24.1° versus 32.50°, p < 0.0005) and the internal rotation associated with external rotation (IR + ER; 69.9° versus 78.5°, p = 0.005) ROMs as well as a significant increase in the w radiographic angle (38.7° versus 32.4°, p < 0.0005).Conclusion: ROM measurements of hip IR, IR + ER, IR values less than 30°, and the w radiographic angle might be associated with previous ipsilateral ACL injuries among athletes.Trial registration: Registered at Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBec) as RBR-6g87mn on 04 August 2020 (retrospectively registered). http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-6g87mn/
Variation of soil microbiome in licorice rhizosphere driven with inoculating dark septate endophytes under drought stress
Authors: He Chao , Wang Wenquan , Hou Junling , Li Xianen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDark septate endophytes (DSE) are facultative biotrophic ascomycetes that colonize plant roots either alone or with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. DSE may provide nutrients to their plant hosts and help them adapt to various abiotic and biotic stresses. DSE inoculation under drought stress increased the biomass, root exudates, and AM fungi in the licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) rhizosphere. We conducted a pot experiment to establish whether the responses of licorice to DSE inoculation under drought stress are caused by changes in the rhizosphere microbiome. Each pot was inoculated with either Acrocalymma vagum or Paraboeremia putaminum. One set of pots was inoculated with a sterile culture medium. All three DSE-treated and uninoculated pots were subjected either to a well-watered (70% field water capacity, FWC) or drought stress (30% FWC) water regime. Rhizosphere microbiome compositions were measured by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S and ITS2 rRNA genes.ResultsIn total, 1,278 fungal and 1,583 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OUTs) were obtained at a 97% sequence similarity level. Ascomycota were the predominant fungi and Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Firmicutes were the predominant bacteria. DSE inoculation and water regime significantly influenced the rhizosphere microbiome composition. However, the effects of DSE on the fungal community were greater than those on the bacterial community. Paraboeremia putaminum exerted a stronger impact on the licorice rhizosphere microbiome than Acrocalymma vagum under drought stress. The observed changes in edaphic factors (water condition, soil organic matter, available N, available P, and available K) caused by DSE inoculation could be explained by the variations in rhizosphere microbiome composition. A network analysis indicated that DSE inoculation augmented the relative abundance of beneficial symbiotrophic fungi and growth-promoting bacteria but diminished the relative abundance of pathogens in the licorice rhizosphere.ConclusionsThe present study showed that the licorice rhizosphere microbial community differed between the DSE-inoculated and uninoculated plants. DSE had a stronger influence on the fungal than on the bacterial rhizosphere community under drought stress. These give us the guidance to develop biofertilizers with DSE consortia to enhance the cultivation of medicinal plants by shaping soil microbial community structure in dryland agriculture.
Detection of Kita-Kyushu Lung Cancer Antigen-1, a Cancer/testis Antigen, in the stomach closer to the cancerous condition.
Authors: Fukuyama Takashi , Otsuka Toshikazu , Futawatari Nobue , Tahara Kumiko , Watanabe Masaaki , Ichiki Yoshinobu , Nishi Yatsushi , Takahashi Yoshihito , Yamazaki Hitoshi , Kobayashi Noritada , Kida Mitsuhiro , Nonoguchi Hiroshi , Koizumi Wasaburo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Kita-Kyushu lung cancer antigen-1 (KK-LC-1) is a cancer/testis antigen (CTA) and is an attractive target for immunotherapy. An earlier study from our group demonstrated frequent KK-LC-1 expression in gastric cancers (GC) and non-tumor sites of the stomach carrying a tumor. Additionally, there was a correlation to Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. Currently it remains unclear whether KK-LC-1 is expressed in stomachs without gastric cancer.Methods: In the present study, we investigated differences in KK-LC-1 gene expression at non-tumor sites of stomachs with or without a tumor from 118 GC patients and 115 non-GC patients. Fisher’s exact test was used for the statistical analyses.Results: Our results show that KK-LC-1 gene expression was detected in 77% of non-tumor sites in stomachs with a tumor. Such findings were significantly higher than in stomachs without a tumor (7%, P <0.0001). All patients with KK-LC-1 expression at non-tumor sites of their stomachs without tumors carried Hp.Conclusions: KK-LC-1 appears to be detected in the stomach’s precancerous condition, but not in an atrophic stomach with Hp. KK-LC-1 may be a useful marker for gastric cancer prediction.
Exploring Infant Fall Events Using Online Parenting Discussion Forums
Authors: Cooray Nipuna , Sun Si , Adams Susan , Keay Lisa , Nassar Natasha , Brown Julie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Falls are the most common mechanism of hospitalised injury in children under 12 months and commonly result in traumatic brain injuries. Epidemiological studies exploring infant falls demonstrate the burden but lack the contextual information vital to the development of preventive interventions. The objective of this study was to examine contextual information for falls involving children under 12 months.Methods: Online parenting forums provide an unobtrusive rich data source for collecting detailed information about fall events. Relevant discussions related to fall incidents were identified and downloaded using site-specific google search queries and a programming script. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to analyse the incidents and categorise contextual information into ‘pre-cursor events’ and ‘influencing factors’ for infant falls.Results: 461 infant fall incidents were identified. Common fall mechanisms included: falls from furniture; falls when being carried or supported by someone; falls from baby products and falls on the same level. Across the spectrum of fall mechanisms, common precursor events were: infant rolling off; being alone on furniture; product misuse; caretaker falling asleep while holding the infant; and caretaker tripping/slipping while carrying the infant. Common influencing factors included: infant’s rapid motor development; lapses in caretaker attention; and trip hazards.Conclusions: The findings define targets for intervention to prevent infant falls and suggest the most viable intervention approach may be to target parental behaviour change. Online forums have provided rich information critical for preventive interventions aimed at changing behaviour.
A Comparative Investigation of Cu (II), Ni (II) and Molasses Sucrose Effects on the Growth of Candida Yeasts and Metal Bioaccumulation
Authors: Mersin Gülşah , Açıkel Ünsal 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this study, microorganism growth and bioaccumulation of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions by Candida yeasts was tested as a function of sucrose, and metal ion concentration in metal-free and metal media. The growth of the yeasts and bioaccumulation of heavy metals was studied under laboratory conditions in the batch system. The optimum pH value for maximum growth and Cu(II) and Ni(II) bioaccumulation was obtained as 4.0 for the yeasts at 10 g/L constant sucrose concentration. The maximum specific growth rate and microorganism concentration increased with increasing sucrose concentration up to 20 g/L for Candida yeasts. It was observed that the metal uptake capacity of yeasts was increased with increasing initial metal concentrations in the range of 25-250 mg/L for Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions. Although Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions caused an inhibition effect on the growth of the yeasts, Candida lipolytica showed the highest specific growth rate and metal uptake capacity among the other yeasts. It was found that the inhibition effect of the Ni(II) ion was higher than Cu(II) ion on all the yeast. Monod equation was used to study the inhibition kinetics of bioaccumulation of Cu(II) and Ni(II). It was observed that saturation constant (Ks) increased with increasing the initial Cu (II) and Ni (II) ion concentrations whereas maximum specific growth rates (µmax) decreased.
Experiences of Penetrating Neck Injuries in a Single Institution
Authors: Noh Dongsub , Choi Jin Ho 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The neck is a particularly critical region to sustain penetrating injuries, due to the close approximation of the trachea, esophagus, blood vessels, and the spinal cord. A penetrating neck injury has the potential for serious morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the assessment and management of penetrating neck injuries.Methods: In this retrospective study, penetrating neck injury patients who were admitted to Eulji University Hospital Trauma Center, between December 2015 and December 2017, were analyzed for epidemiology, mechanism of trauma, injured organ, complications, and mortality.Results: Thirty-two patients presented with a penetrating neck injury. All patients underwent computed tomographic angiography to evaluate their injuries once vital signs were stabilized.Among these patients, 27 required surgical treatment. The most commonly injured organ was the trachea. Overall mortality was five, and the main cause of death was bleeding. The mortality was associated with initial systolic blood pressure at the hospital, Glasgow coma scale, transfusion and the abbreviated injury scale of neck.Conclusion: Meticulous clinical examination as well as early volume resuscitation is essential for treating penetrating neck injury patients. Aggressive fluid therapy during transfer to the hospital will help the patient, even if the damage is severe.