bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classical information theory of networks
Authors: Radicchi Filippo , Krioukov Dmitri , Hartle Harrison , Bianconi Ginestra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExisting information-theoretic frameworks based on maximum entropy network ensembles are not able to explain the emergence of heterogeneity in complex networks. Here, we fill this gap of knowledge by developing a classical framework for networks based on finding an optimal trade-off between the information content of a compressed representation of the ensemble and the information content of the actual network ensemble. We introduce a novel classical network ensemble satisfying a set of soft constraints and we find the optimal distribution of the constraints for this ensemble. We show that for the classical network ensemble in which the only constraints are the expected degrees a power-law degree distribution is optimal. Also, we study spatially embedded networks finding that the interactions between nodes naturally lead to non-uniform spread of nodes in the embedding space, leading in some cases to a fractal distribution of nodes. This result is consistent with the so called `blessing of non-uniformity' of data, i.e. the fact that real world data typically do not obey uniform distributions. The pertinent features of real-world air transportation networks are well described by the proposed framework.
Sex effects on brain structure in de novo Parkinson’s disease: a multimodal neuroimaging study
Authors: Tremblay Christina , Abbasi Nooshin , Zeighami Yashar , Yau Yvonne , Dadar Mahsa , Rahayel Shady , Dagher Alain 
Published: July 2020

AbstractParkinson’s disease varies in severity and age of onset. One source of this variability is sex. Males are twice as likely as females to develop Parkinson’s disease, and tend to have more severe symptoms and greater speed of progression. However, to date, there is little information in large cohorts on sex differences in the patterns of neurodegeneration. Here we used MRI and clinical information from the Parkinson Progression Markers Initiative to measure structural brain differences between sexes in Parkinson’s disease after regressing out the expected effect of age and sex. We derived atrophy maps from deformation-based morphometry of T1-weighted MRI and connectivity from diffusion-weighted MRI in de novo Parkinson’s disease patients (149 males: 83 females) with comparable clinical severity, and healthy control participants (78 males: 39 females). Overall, even though the two patient groups were matched for disease duration and severity, males demonstrated generally greater brain atrophy and disrupted connectivity. Males with Parkinson’s disease had significantly greater tissue loss than females in 11 cortical regions including bilateral frontal and left insular lobe, right postcentral gyrus, left inferior temporal and cingulate gyrus and left thalamus, while females had greater atrophy in six cortical regions, including regions in the left frontal lobe, right parietal lobe, left insular gyrus and right occipital cortex. Local efficiency of white matter connectivity showed greater disruption in males in multiple regions such as basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala and thalamus. These findings support the idea that development of Parkinson’s disease may involve different pathological mechanisms and yield distinct prognosis in males and females, which may have implications for research into neuroprotection, and stratification for clinical trials.
Nucleic Acid Testing for Diagnosis of Perinatally Acquired Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Early Infancy
Authors: Gowda Charitha , Smith Stephanie , Crim Linda , Moyer Katherine , Sánchez Pablo J , Honegger Jonathan R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Most US children with perinatal hepatitis C virus (HCV) exposure fail to receive the recommended anti-HCV antibody test at age ≥18 months. Earlier testing for viral RNA might facilitate increased screening, but sensitivity of this approach has not been established. We hypothesized that modern HCV-RNA RT-PCR platforms would adequately detect infected infants.

Methods
Nationwide Children’s Hospital electronic health records from 1/1/2008 to 30/6/2018 were reviewed to identify perinatally exposed infants tested by HCV-RNA RT-PCR at age 2–6 months. Diagnostic performance was determined using a composite case definition: (1) infected children had positive repeat HCV-RNA testing or positive anti-HCV at age ≥24 months; (2) uninfected children lacked these criteria and had negative anti-HCV at age ≥18 months.

Results
770 perinatally exposed infants underwent HCV-RNA testing at age 2–6 months. Of these, 28 (3.6%) tested positive; viremia was confirmed in all who underwent repeat testing (n = 27). Among 742 infants with negative HCV-RNA results, 226 received follow-up anti-HCV testing at age ≥18 months, of whom 223 tested negative. Three children had low-positive anti-HCV results at age 18–24 months that were negative upon retesting after age 24 months, possibly indicating waning maternal antibodies. Using the composite case definitions, early HCV-RNA screening demonstrated sensitivity of 100% (87.5–100%, Wilson-Brown 95% CI) and specificity of 100% (98.3–100%).

Conclusions
Modern HCV-RNA RT-PCR assays have excellent sensitivity for early diagnosis of perinatally acquired infection and could aid HCV surveillance given the substantial loss to follow-up at ≥18 months of age.
Additive protective effects of sacubitril/valsartan and bosentan on vascular remodelling in experimental pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Chaumais Marie-Camille , Djessas Mohamed Reda Amar , Thuillet Raphaël , Cumont Amélie , Tu Ly , Hebert Guillaume , Gaignard Pauline , Huertas Alice , Savale Laurent , Humbert Marc , Guignabert Christophe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
Although right ventricular (RV) function is an important determinant of morbidity and mortality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), there is no treatment targeting directly the RV. We evaluate the efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ 696) as add-on therapy to bosentan in rats with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Methods and results
Combination therapy of LCZ 696 and bosentan has additive vascular protective effects against the pulmonary vascular remodelling and PH in two preclinical models of severe PH. Compared with monotherapy, co-treatment of LCZ 696 (30 or 68 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks, per os) and bosentan (100 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks, per os) started 7 days after monocrotaline (MCT) injection substantially reduces pulmonary pressures, vascular remodelling, and RV hypertrophy and fibrosis in rats. Consistent with these observations, co-treatment of rats with established PH induced by sugen/hypoxia (SuHx) with LCZ 696 (30 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks, per os) and bosentan (100 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks, per os) started 5 weeks after Sugen injection partially attenuate total pulmonary vascular resistance and cardiovascular structures. We also obtained evidence showing that LCZ 696 has anti-proliferative effect on cultured human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells derived from patients with idiopathic PAH, an effect that is more pronounced in presence of bosentan. Finally, we found that the plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are higher in rats co-treated with LCZ 696 (30 mg/kg/day) and bosentan (100 mg/kg/day) than in MCT and SuHx rats treated with vehicle.

Conclusion
Dual therapy with LCZ 696 plus bosentan proved significantly superior beneficial effect to LCZ 696 or bosentan alone on vascular remodelling and severity of experimental PH.
2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for management of dyslipidaemia: strengths and limitations
Authors: Zeitouni Michel , Sabouret Pierre , Kerneis Mathieu , Silvain Johanne , Collet Jean-Philippe , Bruckert Eric , Montalescot Gilles 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn 2019, the European Society of Cardiology and European Atherosclerosis Society released a new guideline document with substantial changes regarding the assessment of cardiovascular risk and treatments. The update of high-risk criteria and categories led to a better detection and primary prevention of patients at risk of a first cardiovascular event. Nonetheless, additional efforts are needed for a better inclusion of risk modifiers, especially specific to women, to improve risk stratification and direct primary prevention. Eventually, we discuss how these new guidelines implement PCSK9 inhibitors for very high-risk individuals and the evidence supporting new low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals below, such as 55 and 40 mg/dL.
Evolution of Mutation Rate in Astronomically Large Phytoplankton Populations
Authors: Krasovec Marc , Rickaby Rosalind E M , Filatov Dmitry A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Genetic diversity is expected to be proportional to population size, yet, there is a well-known, but unexplained lack of genetic diversity in large populations—the “Lewontin’s paradox.” Larger populations are expected to evolve lower mutation rates, which may help to explain this paradox. Here, we test this conjecture by measuring the spontaneous mutation rate in a ubiquitous unicellular marine phytoplankton species Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyta) that has modest genetic diversity despite an astronomically large population size. Genome sequencing of E. huxleyi mutation accumulation lines revealed 455 mutations, with an unusual GC-biased mutation spectrum. This yielded an estimate of the per site mutation rate µ = 5.55×10−10 (CI 95%: 5.05×10−10 – 6.09×10−10), which corresponds to an effective population size Ne ∼ 2.7×106. Such a modest Ne is surprising for a ubiquitous and abundant species that accounts for up to 10% of global primary productivity in the oceans. Our results indicate that even exceptionally large populations do not evolve mutation rates lower than ∼10−10 per nucleotide per cell division. Consequently, the extreme disparity between modest genetic diversity and astronomically large population size in the plankton species cannot be explained by an unusually low mutation rate.
PRE-1 Revealed Previous Unknown Introgression Events in Eurasian Boars during the Middle Pleistocene
Authors: Zhao Pengju , Du Heng , Jiang Lin , Zheng Xianrui , Feng Wen , Diao Chenguang , Zhou Lei , Liu George E , Zhang Hao , Chamba Yangzom , Zhang Qin , Li Bugao , Liu Jian-Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntrogression events and population admixture occurred among Sus species across the Eurasian mainland in the Middle Pleistocene, which reflects the local adaption of different populations and contributes to evolutionary novelty. Previous findings on these population introgressions were largely based on extensive genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism information, ignoring structural variants (SVs) as an important alternative resource of genetic variations. Here, we profiled the genome-wide SVs and explored the formation of pattern-related SVs, indicating that PRE1-SS is a recently active subfamily that was strongly associated with introgression events in multiple Asian and European pig populations. As reflected by the three different combination haplotypes from two specific patterns and known phylogenetic relationships in Eurasian boars, we identified the Asian Northern wild pigs as having experienced introgression from European wild boars around 0.5–0.2 Ma and having received latitude-related selection. During further exploration of the influence of pattern-related SVs on gene functions, we found substantial sequence changes in 199 intron regions of 54 genes and 3 exon regions of 3 genes (HDX, TRO, and SMIM1), implying that the pattern-related SVs were highly related to positive selection and adaption of pigs. Our findings revealed novel introgression events in Eurasian wild boars, providing a timeline of population admixture and divergence across the Eurasian mainland in the Middle Pleistocene.
Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 Redox Signaling Alleviates Intestinal Dysfunction and Damage to Myenteric Neurons in a Mouse Model of Spontaneous Chronic Colitis
Authors: Sahakian Lauren , Filippone Rhiannon T , Stavely Rhian , Robinson Ainsley M , Yan Xu Sean , Abalo Raquel , Eri Rajaraman , Bornstein Joel C , Kelley Mark R , Nurgali Kulmira 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associates with damage to the enteric nervous system (ENS), leading to gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Oxidative stress is important for the pathophysiology of inflammation-induced enteric neuropathy and GI dysfunction. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a dual functioning protein that is an essential regulator of the cellular response to oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to determine whether an APE1/Ref-1 redox domain inhibitor, APX3330, alleviates inflammation-induced oxidative stress that leads to enteric neuropathy in the Winnie murine model of spontaneous chronic colitis.

Methods
Winnie mice received APX3330 or vehicle via intraperitoneal injections over 2 weeks and were compared with C57BL/6 controls. In vivo disease activity and GI transit were evaluated. Ex vivo experiments were performed to assess functional parameters of colonic motility, immune cell infiltration, and changes to the ENS.

Results
Targeting APE1/Ref-1 redox activity with APX3330 improved disease severity, reduced immune cell infiltration, restored GI function ,and provided neuroprotective effects to the enteric nervous system. Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 redox signaling leading to reduced mitochondrial superoxide production, oxidative DNA damage, and translocation of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) was involved in neuroprotective effects of APX3330 in enteric neurons.

Conclusions
This study is the first to investigate inhibition of APE1/Ref-1’s redox activity via APX3330 in an animal model of chronic intestinal inflammation. Inhibition of the redox function of APE1/Ref-1 is a novel strategy that might lead to a possible application of APX3330 for the treatment of IBD.
Exploring the Potential of 3D-printing in Biological Education: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Hansen Alexandria K , Langdon Taylor R , Mendrin Lukyon W , Peters Kaylin , Ramos Jose , Lent David D 
Published: July 2020

SynopsisScience education is most effective when it provides authentic experiences that reflect professional practices and approaches that address issues relevant to students’ lives and communities. Such educational experiences are becoming increasingly interdisciplinary and can be enhanced using digital fabrication. Digital fabrication is the process of designing objects for the purpose of fabricating with machinery such as 3D-printers, laser cutters, and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines. Historically, these types of tools have been exceptionally costly and difficult to access; however, recent advancements in technological design have been accompanied by decreasing prices. In this review, we first establish the historical and theoretical foundations that support the use of digital fabrication as a pedagogical strategy to enhance learning. We specifically chose to focus attention on 3D-printing because this type of technology is becoming increasingly advanced, affordable, and widely available. We systematically reviewed the last 20 years of literature that characterized the use of 3D-printing in biological education, only finding a total of 13 articles that attempted to investigate the benefits for student learning. While the pedagogical value of student-driven creation is strongly supported by educational literature, it was challenging to make broad claims about student learning in relation to using or creating 3D-printed models in the context of biological education. Additional studies are needed to systematically investigate the impact of student-driven creation at the intersection of biology and engineering or computer science education.
Global synchronization of coupled reaction–diffusion neural networks with general couplings via an iterative approach
Authors: Tseng Jui-Pin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We establish a framework to investigate the global synchronization of coupled reaction–diffusion neural networks with time delays. The coupled networks under consideration can incorporate both the internal delays in each individual network and the transmission delays across different networks. The coupling scheme for the coupled networks is rather general, and its performance is not adversely affected by the restrictions commonly imposed by existing relevant investigations. Based on the proposed iterative approach, the problem of global synchronization is transformed into that of solving the corresponding homogeneous linear system of algebraic equations. The synchronization criterion is subsequently derived and can be verified with simple computations. Three numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the synchronization theory presented in this paper.
Facing a dilemma in the treatment of an internal mammary artery mycotic pseudoaneurysm: coil embolization or surgery? A case report and brief literature review
Authors: Spiliopoulos Kyriakos , Magouliotis Dimitrios E , Spanos Konstantinos , Salemis Nikolaos S , Tsantsaridou Angeliki , Karagiorgas Georgios , Giannoukas Athanasios D , Rountas Christos 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
While aneurysms of the internal mammary artery (IMA) complicate occasionally surgical procedures employing median sternotomy, or are associated with direct thoracic trauma, mycotic pseudoaneurysms of the vessel are rarely reported in the literature. We herein report a case of a 22-year-old man who developed a mycotic internal mammary artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to staphylococcal chest wall abscesses and was effectively treated by coil embolization. Additionally, the report provides a brief review focusing on the current state of treatment options for internal mammary artery aneurysms.
Examining and Improving Provider Adherence to the Primary Care Mental Health Integration Model
Authors: Possis Elizabeth , Skroch Beret , Hintz Samuel , Bronars Carrie , Mallen Michael , Crowl Haley , Moore Kelly , Bemmels Heather , Olson Douglas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is a national leader in integrated care, known in the VHA as the Primary Care Mental Health Integration (PCMHI) model. This model is associated with improved quality of services and same-day access for veterans. There has been some recent development of PCMHI/integrated care competencies within VHA and across the nation. To fully implement these competencies, however, PCMHI providers must not only be trained, but their adherence to the PCMHI model must also be assessed. While there have been recent advances, there has been little research that has examined the adherence of PCMHI providers to the model or methods to improve adherence.

Materials and Methods
The present study sought to examine and improve the clinical practice of a team of eight PCMHI providers to make practice more adherent to the PCMHI model. This study was conducted at a large Midwestern VA Medical Center using interventions based in assessment, feedback, and training—measured at three points in time. The Primary Care Behavioral Health Provider Adherence Questionnaire (PPAQ; Beehler GP, Funderburk JS, Possemato K, et al.: Psychometric assessment of the primary care behavioral health provider adherence questionnaire (PPAQ). Transl Behav Med 2013; 3: 379–91.) was used to assess provider adherence and the PPAQ toolkit was used to provide tailored recommendations for improving provider practice. In addition, the VHA “Foundations Manual” and Functional Tool outlined essential behavioral targets that are consistent with the PCMHI model and the “essential provider behaviors” from the PPAQ. A combination of individual and group interventions was presented and adherence, pre and post, was assessed with the PPAQ and with evaluation of clinical practice data.

Results
Results indicated that the behavior of PCMHI providers changed over time, with providers exhibiting more PCMHI consistent behaviors and fewer inconsistent behaviors. Adherence to the PCMHI model increased.

Conclusion
Providing assessment, feedback, and training in the PCMHI model changed the clinical practice of PCMHI providers and resulted in improved adherence. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
Ionized and hot molecular outflows in the inner 500 pc of NGC 1275
Authors: Riffel Rogemar A , Storchi-Bergmann Thaisa , Zakamska Nadia L , Riffel Rogério 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The role of feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the evolution of galaxies is still not fully understood, mostly due to the lack of observational constraints in the multiphase gas kinematics on the 10–100 pc scales. We have used the Gemini Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) to map the molecular and ionized gas kinematics in the inner 900 × 900 pc2 of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1275 at a spatial resolution of ∼70 pc. From the fitting of the CO absorption bandheads in the K band, we derive a stellar velocity dispersion of 265 ± 26 km s−1, which implies a black hole mass of $M_{\rm SMBH}=1.1^{+0.9}_{-0.5}\times 10^9$ M⊙. We find hot (T ≳ 1000 K) molecular and ionized outflows with velocities of up to 2000 km s−1 and mass outflow rates of $2.7\times 10^{-2}$  and $1.6\, {\rm M_\odot }$ yr−1, respectively, in each of these gas phases. The kinetic power of the ionized outflows corresponds to only 0.05 per cent of the luminosity of the AGN of NGC 1275, indicating that they are not powerful enough to provide significant AGN feedback, but may be effective in redistributing the gas in the central region of the galaxy. The AGN-driven outflows seem to be responsible for the shocks necessary to produce the observed H2 and [Fe ii] line emission.
Implications of the search for optical counterparts during the second part of the Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s third observing run: lessons learned for future follow-up observations
Authors: Coughlin Michael W , Dietrich Tim , Antier Sarah , Almualla Mouza , Anand Shreya , Bulla Mattia , Foucart Francois , Guessoum Nidhal , Hotokezaka Kenta , Kumar Vishwesh , Raaijmakers Geert , Nissanke Samaya 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Joint multimessenger observations with gravitational waves and electromagnetic (EM) data offer new insights into the astrophysical studies of compact objects. The third Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo observing run began on 2019 April 1; during the 11 months of observation, there have been 14 compact binary systems candidates for which at least one component is potentially a neutron star. Although intensive follow-up campaigns involving tens of ground and space-based observatories searched for counterparts, no EM counterpart has been detected. Following on a previous study of the first six months of the campaign, we present in this paper the next five months of the campaign from 2019 October to 2020 March. We highlight two neutron star–black hole candidates (S191205ah and S200105ae), two binary neutron star candidates (S191213g and S200213t), and a binary merger with a possible neutron star and a ‘MassGap’ component, S200115j. Assuming that the gravitational-wave (GW) candidates are of astrophysical origin and their location was covered by optical telescopes, we derive possible constraints on the matter ejected during the events based on the non-detection of counterparts. We find that the follow-up observations during the second half of the third observing run did not meet the necessary sensitivity to constrain the source properties of the potential GW candidate. Consequently, we suggest that different strategies have to be used to allow a better usage of the available telescope time. We examine different choices for follow-up surveys to optimize sky localization coverage versus observational depth to understand the likelihood of counterpart detection.