bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary supplementation with l‐arginine on the intestinal barrier function in finishing pigs with heat stress
Authors: Yi Hongbo , Xiong Yunxia , Wu Qiwen , Wang Mengzhu , Liu Shuai , Jiang Zongyong , Wang Li 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrevious studies showed heat stress reduces body weight gain and feed intake associated with damaged intestinal barrier function, and l‐arginine (L‐Arg) enhanced intestinal barrier function in young animals under stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of L‐Arg on serum hormones, intestinal morphology, nutrients absorption and epithelial barrier functions in finishing pigs with heat stress. Forty‐eight finishing pigs (Landrace) were balanced for sex and then randomly assigned to six groups: TN group, thermal neutral (22°C, ~80% humidity) with a basal diet; HS group, heat stress (cyclical 35°C for 12 hr and 22°C for 12 hr, ~80% humidity) with a basal diet; PF group, thermal neutral (22°C, ~80% humidity) and pair‐fed with the HS; the TNA, HSA and PFA groups were the basal diet of TN group, HS group and PF group supplemented with 1% L‐Arg. Results showed that HS decreased (p < .05) the thyroxine concentrations and increased (p < .05) the insulin concentrations in serum compared with the TN group, but 1% L‐Arg had no significant effects on them. Both HS and PF significantly increased (p < .05) the mRNA expression of cationic amino acid transporters (CAT1 and CAT2) and decreased the mRNA expression of solute carrier family 5 member 10 (SGLT1) in the jejunum compared with the TN group. Compared with the TN group, HS reduced the expression of tight junction (TJ) protein zonula occluden‐1 (ZO‐1) and occludin, but PF only decreased ZO‐1 expression in the jejunum. Results exhibited that dietary supplementation with 1% L‐Arg improved the intestinal villous height, the ratio of villous height to crypt depth, and the expression of occludin and porcine beta‐defensin 2 (pBD2) in the jejunum of intermittent heat‐treated finishing pigs. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 1% L‐Arg could partly attenuate the intermittent heat‐induced damages of intestinal morphology and epithelial barrier functions in finishing pigs.
The effects of diets varying in fibre sources on nutrient utilization, stool quality and hairball management in cats
Authors: Donadelli Renan A. , Aldrich Charles G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPet food companies use fibrous ingredients in cat foods to aid weight and hairball management. Miscanthus grass could be an alternative novel fibre source for cat foods. The objectives of this work were to determine the effects of Miscanthus grass as a fibre source on nutrient utilization, stool quality and hairball management in cats. Dry extruded cat foods (average chemical composition; digestibility trial: 94.54% dry matter—DM, 34.47% crude protein—CP, 11.67% crude fat, 7.06% ash and 13.04% total dietary fibre—TDF; and hairball trial: 94.88% DM, 34.60% CP, 11.30% crude fat, 7.02% ash and 9.77% TDF) were fed to 12 cats for a 9‐day (digestibility trial) or 16‐day (hairball trial) adaptation period followed by a 5‐day total faecal collection period. Digestibility trial was performed as a replicated Latin square design, and the hairball trial was performed as a switchback design. In general, the cats fed the beet pulp diet (BPD) had higher DM, organic matter, gross energy and TDF digestibility than cats fed Miscanthus grass (MGD) or cellulose (CED) diet (p < .05). However, CP digestibility was lower for cats fed BPD (82.1 vs. 84.7 and 85.1%, respectively, for BPD, MGD and CED). These differences could be due to the differences in dietary fibre content and(or) composition. Faecal scores were lower for cats fed BPD (2.84) compared with MGD (3.32) and CED (3.21; p < .05). No effects due to fibre were reported on the faecal hairball variables, with the exception of less total hair weight and hair clumps per gram of dry faeces for cats fed Miscanthus grass (MGH) compared with control diet (COH; p < .05). In conclusion, Miscanthus grass could be used as an alternative ingredient to cellulose in cat diets.
Spread of Risk Information Through Microblogs: Twitter Users with More Mutual Connections Relay News That is More Dreadful1
Authors: Komori Masashi , Miura Asako , Matsumura Naohiro , Hiraishi Kai , Maeda Kazutoshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn elucidating the spread of risk information through microblogging, it is important to understand the behaviors of numerous average users, in addition to the activities of authorities. We followed the transmission pathways of 10 actual widely spread tweets concerning several risk information topics, including natural disasters, nuclear disasters, and infectious diseases, and we identified the types of risk that affected retweeting by classifying each tweet based on Slovic's risk‐perception model. Furthermore, we examined the types of users who did and did not retweet the information. Users with few connections in the form of followers (i.e., people who are following a user) or followees (people a user is following), or with a low ratio of mutual followers within their connections, had a tendency to retweet a large amount of risk information, regardless of the type of risk involved. On the other hand, users with a high ratio of mutual followers exhibited a greater tendency to retweet risk information when it was perceived as dreadful, though they did not retweet risk information much on the whole. These results suggest that there are two mechanisms by which risk information is spread within the Twitter network: information exchange and social sharing of personal reactions.
Would St. Thomas Aquinas Baptize an Extraterrestrial?, Revisited
Authors: George Marie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEdmund Lazzari in “Would St. Thomas Aquinas Baptize an Extraterrestrial,” maintains that Aquinas would disagree with those who would baptize a fallen extraterrestrial on the grounds that they “disregard the necessity of a human nature for incorporation into the Mystical Body of Christ,” baptism being the means whereby human beings are so incorporated. Lazzari maintains that, “Because of the crucial role that that assumption of a human nature plays … in Thomistic soteriology, it is not possible to simply transfer the effects of the life of Jesus Christ to other intellectual beings who are not sharers in human nature.” I first intend to show that Aquinas does not hold that a being must have a human nature to belong to the Mystical Body; rather having a rational nature suffices. Secondly, I intend to show that while the effects of Christ's death and resurrection are not such as to be automatically applicable to intelligent extraterrestrials (ETIs), much less to be automatically transferred to them through baptism, Aquinas would maintain that God is capable of ordering things in these ways, as they do not imply contradiction. Thus, if there are fallen extraterrestrials, Aquinas would not assume that it would be inappropriate to baptize them.
Contemporary Naturalism, God, and the Methodological Relevance of Thomas Aquinas
Authors: DeLaquil Edward 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article claims that the strict methodological considerations of contemporary philosophical naturalism do not hinder serious philosophical reference to the thought of Thomas Aquinas because his methodological principles are just as rigorous. The methodology of Thomas Aquinas is not explicitly stated in the Summa Theologiae. Therefore, the Summa contra Gentiles and On being and essence are referenced to clarify what Thomas seems to have thought about relationship between philosophy and theology. The work of Fiona Ellis is an example of how a contemporary philosopher can methodologically justify taking a position of qualified naturalism. Ellis calls this expansive naturalism. This methodology desires to accept a type of naturalistic philosophy. Yet, Ellis holds that expansive naturalism is able to employ theology as a resource for philosophy without falling into the trap of superstition. In order to arrive at this contemporary reflection, there is a very brief sketch of recent intellectual history concerning the relationship between philosophy and theology.
How does rice cope with too little oxygen during its early life?
Authors: Yu Su‐May , Lee Hsiang‐Ting , Lo Shuen‐Fang , Ho Tuan‐Hua David 
Published: December 2019

SummaryMost crops cannot germinate underwater. Rice exhibits certain degrees of tolerance to oxygen deficiency for anaerobic germination (AG) and anaerobic seedling development (ASD). Direct rice seeding, whereby seeds are sown into soil rather than transplanting seedlings from the nursery, becomes an increasingly popular cultivation method due to labor shortages and opportunities for sustainable cultivation. Flooding is common under direct seeding, but most rice varieties have poor capability of AG/ASD, which is a major obstacle to broad adoption of direct seeding. A better understanding of the physiological basis and molecular mechanisms regulating AG/ASD should facilitate rice breeding for enhanced seedling vigor under flooding. This review highlights recent advances on molecular and physiological mechanisms and future breeding strategies of rice AG/ASD.
Leaf shape is a predictor of fruit quality and cultivar performance in tomato
Authors: Rowland Steven D. , Zumstein Kristina , Nakayama Hokuto , Cheng Zizhang , Flores Amber M. , Chitwood Daniel H. , Maloof Julin N. , Sinha Neelima R. 
Published: December 2019

Summary

Commercial tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most widely grown vegetable crops worldwide. Heirloom tomatoes retain extensive genetic diversity and a considerable range of fruit quality and leaf morphological traits.
Here the role of leaf morphology was investigated for its impact on fruit quality. Heirloom cultivars were grown in field conditions, and BRIX by yield (BY) and other traits were measured over a 14‐wk period. The complex relationships among these morphological and physiological traits were evaluated using partial least‐squares path modeling, and a consensus model was developed.
Photosynthesis contributed strongly to vegetative biomass and sugar content of fruits but had a negative impact on yield. Conversely leaf shape, specifically rounder leaves, had a strong positive impact on both fruit sugar content and yield. Cultivars such as Stupice and Glacier, with very round leaves, had the highest performance in both fruit sugar and yield. Our model accurately predicted BY for two commercial cultivars using leaf shape data as input.
This study revealed the importance of leaf shape to fruit quality in tomato, with rounder leaves having significantly improved fruit quality. This correlation was maintained across a range of diverse genetic backgrounds and shows the importance of leaf morphology in tomato crop improvement.
Expanding the donor pool for congenital heart disease transplant candidates by implementing 3D imaging‐derived total cardiac volumes
Authors: Shugh Svetlana B. , Szugye Nicholas A. , Zafar Farhan , Riggs Kyle W. , Villa Chet , Lorts Angela , Morales David L.S. , Moore Ryan A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHeart transplant waitlist mortality remains high in infants <1 year of age and among those with CHD. Currently, the median accepted donor‐to‐recipient weight percentage is approximately 130% of the recipient's weight. We hypothesized that patients with CHD may accept a larger organ using novel 3D‐derived imaging data to estimate donor and recipient TCV.MethodsA single‐center, retrospective study was performed using CT data for 13 patients with CHD and 94 control patients. 3D visualization software was used to create digital 3D heart models that provide an estimate of TCV. In addition, echocardiograms obtained prior to cross‐sectional imaging were reviewed for presence of ventricular chamber dilation.ResultsSixty‐two percent (8/13) of patients with CHD had 3D‐derived TCV resulting in a weight that was >130% larger than their actual weight. This was seen in single‐ventricle patients following Blalock‐Taussig shunt and Fontan palliation, and patients with biventricular repair. Of those, 75% (6/8) had reported moderate‐to‐severe ventricular chamber dilation by echocardiogram or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.ConclusionsIn a large portion of patients with CHD, 3D‐derived TCV place the recipient at a higher listing weight than their actual weight. We propose obtaining cross‐sectional imaging to better assess TCV in a recipient, which may increase the donor range for CHD recipients and improve organ utilization in pediatrics.
The effect of masticatory behaviour on generalized attention in heathy volunteers
Authors: Nagashima Shintaro , Kimoto Katsuhiko , Ono Yumie , Ohno Akinori , Hoshi Noriyuki , Fuchigami Kei , Manabe Yuta 
Published: December 2019

AimAs our society ages, the number of people living with dementia also steadily increases. Some work has focused on masticatory behaviour as a form of daily health care that could help prevent cognitive impairment and dementia. However, it is not yet clear how masticatory behaviour influences various cognitive functions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of masticatory behaviour on the decline of generalized attention, an important cognitive function.MethodsParticipants were 35 healthy, dentulous individuals without stomatognathic abnormalities (24 men, 11 women; mean age: 56.8 ± 4.8 years). All participants completed three interventions: mastication, foot‐stepping, and none (control). Pre‐ and post‐intervention measures of generalized attention were measured by using neuropsychological tests to examine general attention; the results were then compared. Simultaneously, during the generalized attention task, the functional activity of the prefrontal cortex was observed on functional near‐infrared spectroscopy.ResultsResponse time of generalized attention improved in both the masticatory and foot‐stepping interventions. There was a transient increase in oxyhaemoglobin activity in the right and left prefrontal cortices in the masticatory intervention.ConclusionsMasticatory behaviour may be involved in a partial improvement of generalized attention and may induce prefrontal cortex activity in middle‐aged and older adults.
Reminiscence, personality, coping and mood state in institutionalised older adults: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fernández‐Pérez Dolores , Ros Laura , Escribano Flor , Serrano Juan Pedro 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundReminiscence functions in older adults have been associated with variables related to mental health such as depressive symptoms. Additionally, the way in which older adults cope with stress or their personality traits could influence their use of reminiscence. This study examined the relation between gender, coping styles, personality traits and reminiscence functions and how these variables predict depressive symptoms in institutionalised older adults.MethodsThe participants were 117 institutionalised older adults (range 62–98 years). They completed measures of reminiscence functions, depressive symptoms, coping styles and personality traits.ResultsNeuroticism and avoidance coping styles were related to a maladaptive use of reminiscence functions. The results showed that institutionalised older adults with high neuroticism and who usually use emotional discharge and logical analysis as avoidance coping styles and bitterness revival as a reminiscence function may be more likely to present depressive symptoms.ConclusionThe findings may help enhance the efficacy of interventions using reminiscence.
Soldiers as Public Officials: A Moral Justification for Combatant Immunity
Authors: Thorburn Malcolm 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHow can we make moral sense of the international humanitarian law doctrine of combatant immunity? The doctrine is morally shocking to many: It holds soldiers on both sides of a war immune from criminal prosecution for their otherwise criminal acts of killing, maiming, destroying property, etc., carried out as part of their country's war effort. That is, soldiers who kill as part of an attack benefit from the immunity just as much as those defending their country. Traditionally, just war theorists have tried to provide situation‐specific arguments to show that soldiers on both sides had a good moral justification for their actions. Recently, self‐styled “revisionist just war theorists” have suggested that the doctrine of combatant immunity is just a convention designed to minimize harm. In this article, I suggest that the moral foundation of the doctrine lies in the status of soldiers as public officials in the service of their country. The reason why we hold them immune from prosecution for their war‐making acts is that such acts are properly thought of as acts of a state, rather than as acts of a particular individual. And the reason why states are immune from prosecution for their acts is one of moral standing: No other state has the moral standing to tell another how to carry out the matters that define its jurisdiction. So as long as a country deems (however implausibly) that it must use force to defend itself from aggression, then it may do what is required to defend itself. No other state has the standing to prohibit such acts or to punish those who carry them out. This argument is rooted in an understanding of how individuals may interact as free and equal under law. It does not aim at the perfection of human action, but it does serve to eliminate the worst forms of tyranny.
What Is the Will Theory of Rights?
Authors: Frydrych David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article helps to clear up some misunderstandings about the Will Theory of rights. Section 2 briefly outlines the Theories of Rights. Section 3 elucidates some salient differences amongst self‐described anti–Interest Theory accounts. Section 4 rebuts Carl Wellman's and Arthur Ripstein's respective arguments about the Will Theory differing from “Choice” or Kantian theories of a right. Section 5 then offers a candidate explanation of why people might subscribe to the Will Theory in the first place.
Disseminated adenovirus infection after autologous stem cell transplant
Authors: Kim Nicole J. , Hyun Teresa S. , Pergam Steven A. , Issaka Rachel B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAdenovirus is an infrequent but challenging viral complication of transplantation that is rarely reported after autologous stem cell transplant. We present a case of disseminated adenovirus infection in a woman who received an autologous stem cell transplant for treatment of multiple sclerosis. After presenting with post‐transplant episodic diarrhea and viremia, endoscopic biopsies and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the diagnosis of disseminated adenovirus infection. Her symptoms and viremia resolved after treatment with cidofovir. This case demonstrates that a high index of suspicion, a systematic clinical approach, and immunohistochemical tissue staining are necessary to diagnose disseminated adenovirus infection in an unexpected host.
Trade liberalisation and domestic brands: Evidence from China's accession to the WTO
Authors: Deng Xinghua , Jing Ran , Liang Zheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we examine how trade liberalisation affects firms' branding behaviours. We investigate this question with China's accession to the WTO in late 2001. We find that firms in sectors with large import tariff reductions discontinue more trademarks. Meanwhile, these firms file more trademark applications and their total number of effective trademarks increases after trade liberalisation. This growth in trademarks is mainly driven by large firms, as measured by the number of employees. In fact, small firms' applications and effective trademarks decline during trade liberalisation. It is also found that trademark applications are mainly filed for the traditionally non‐dominant products of industries. We provide a conceptual model that incorporates the channels through which both passive and active responses occur.
Concurrent Validity of 2D and Inertial Goniometer Motion Assessment
Authors: Kraus Kornelius , Kraus Elisabeth , Gojanovic Boris , Fourchet Francois 
Published: December 2019

Context: The validity and reliability of manual goniometry is highly dependent on the examiner’s expertise. Technological advances can overcome these problems to some extent. Inertial goniometry, for instance, could bridge the gap between 2D and manual goniometry, but its validity remains to be studied. Participants: 40 healthy individuals (mean ± SD: 31 men, age = 23.9 ± 4.1 years, 184 ± 6 cm, 80.7 ± 10.0 kg; 9 women, age = 23.6 ± 3.6 years, 170 ± 4 cm, 60.6 ± 5.1 kg). Measurements: 2D and inertial goniometry by mobee med™ were used to measure active and passive single straight-leg raise mobility performance. Intracorrelation coefficients (ICCs) and typical error of the estimate (TEE) inform the reliability and quality of the measurement by the rater. Results: The relationship of the inertial goniometry for active and passive mobility of the single straight-leg raise was practically perfect (r = .95–.98). Based on the Bland-Altman plots, the means of the difference between the 2D and inertial based goniometry were small (2–3°). Conclusion: Due to its high concurrent validity, ease of use, and efficiency with regard to time and personnel requirements, this inertial goniometer device is an effective and efficient approach to measuring range of motion. However, additional validity and reliability studies should investigate joints with more degrees of freedom.
Why colorectal screening fails to achieve the uptake rates of breast and cervical cancer screening: a comparative qualitative study
Authors: Kotzur Marie , McCowan Colin , Macdonald Sara , Wyke Sally , Gatting Lauren , Campbell Christine , Weller David , Crighton Emilia , Steele Robert J C , Robb Kathryn A 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundIn Scotland, the uptake of clinic-based breast (72%) and cervical (77%) screening is higher than home-based colorectal screening (~60%). To inform new approaches to increase uptake of colorectal screening, we compared the perceptions of colorectal screening among women with different screening histories.MethodsWe purposively sampled women with different screening histories to invite to semistructured interviews: (1) participated in all; (2) participated in breast and cervical but not colorectal (‘colorectal-specific non-participants’); (3) participated in none. To identify the sample we linked the data for all women eligible for all three screening programmes in Glasgow, Scotland (aged 51–64 years; n=68 324). Interviews covered perceptions of cancer, screening and screening decisions. Framework method was used for analysis.ResultsOf the 2924 women invited, 86 expressed an interest, and 59 were interviewed. The three groups’ perceptions differed, with the colorectal-specific non-participants expressing that: (1) treatment for colorectal cancer is more severe than for breast or cervical cancer; (2) colorectal symptoms are easier to self-detect than breast or cervical symptoms; (3) they worried about completing the test incorrectly; and (4) the colorectal test could be more easily delayed or forgotten than breast or cervical screening.ConclusionOur comparative approach suggested targets for future interventions to increase colorectal screening uptake including: (1) reducing fear of colorectal cancer treatments; (2) increasing awareness that screening is for the asymptomatic; (3) increasing confidence to self-complete the test; and (4) providing a suggested deadline and/or additional reminders.