bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced near field focus steering of rectangular nanoslit metasurface structure
Authors: Li Xin , Wu Li-Xiang , Yang Yuan-Jie ,   Department of Physics, University of Electronic Science And Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
Published: December 2020

<sec>	Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are electromagnetic excitations propagating along the metal-dielectric interface. The SPPs excited by the metal micro/nano structures have the ability to manipulate the light on a subwavelength scale. The SPPs are of interest to researchers for its excellent subwavelength field confinement and local field enhancement. So far, the SPPs have found numerous applications in optical tweezers, biological sensors, and near-field holographic imaging, due to its subwavelength focusing.	</sec><sec>	In order to achieve enhanced near field subwavelength focusing, we propose a metasurface structure in this paper, which is composed of rectangular nanoslit circular arrays and multilayer annular slits. The function of the inner ring arrays is to excite SPPs and the outer ring slits is to enhance focusing. The electric field expression of SPP is studied analytically and theoretically, and then the principle of rectangular nanoslit to excite SPP and the inner ring array structure to generate central focusing are explained. The parameters of the structure are optimized, and the focusing characteristics of the metasurface structure under different polarization light are studied by using the finite difference time domain method. Furthermore, we explain the principle of the external structure enhancing focusing by introducing the theory of Fresnel zone plate and depth modulation. The analytical expressions and simulations show that when the incident polarized light has a wavelength of 980 nm, the focal spot having a full width at half maximum of about 650 nm, and the distribution of the coupled field can be approximately expressed by the first kind Bessel function. Compared with the former single circular array structure, the composite structure proposed in this paper has a good effect of both enhancing the central focusing and inhibiting the outer field divergence, and the center focal spot intensity is doubled. In addition, the electric field excited by the arbitrary linearly polarized light is also discussed, the electric field satisfies the form of the polarization angle sinusoidal function multiplied by a Bessel function.	<sec>	The research results of our study have some applications in subwavelength light modulation, near-field imaging, optical tweezers, and subwavelength scale optical information processing and so on.	</sec></sec>
Cinnamtannin B1 attenuates rosacea-like signs via inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and down-regulation of the MAPK pathway
Authors: Kan Hung-Lin , Wang Chia-Chi , Cheng Yin-Hua , Yang Chi-Lung , Chang Hsun-Shuo , Chen Ih-Sheng , Lin Ying-Chi 
Published: December 2020

Background
Rosacea is a common inflammatory disease of facial skin. Dysregulation of innate immunity with enhanced inflammation and increased abundance of LL-37 at the epidermal site is a characteristic feature of rosacea. Cinnamtannin B1 (CB1) is a condensed tannin with anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. The aims of the study were to evaluate the potential of CB1 as a therapy for rosacea and to characterize the potential mechanisms of action.

Methods
We intraperitoneally administered 20 mg/kg CB1 once daily for 2 days into the LL-37-induced mouse model of rosacea. The effects of CB1 in vivo were evaluated by the observations of lesions, histology, immunohistochemistry, and the transcription and translation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Human keratinocyte HaCaT and monocyte THP-1 were used to characterize the effects of CB1 on LL-37-induced inflammation in vitro. The changes in pro-inflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expressions of genes involved were determined by Western blotting.

Results
CB1 attenuated local redness, inflammation, and neutrophil recruitment in the mouse model of rosacea in vivo. CB1 suppressed myeloperoxidase (MPO) and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) production, a functional homolog of interleukin-8 (IL-8), at the lesions. In vitro experiments confirmed that CB1 reversed the LL-37-induced IL-8 production in human keratinocytes HaCaT and monocyte THP-1 cells. CB1 inhibited IL-8 production through downregulating the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.

Conclusion
CB1 attenuated LL-37-induced inflammation, specifically IL-8 production, through inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK. CB1 has potential as a treatment for rosacea.
Dnajb8, a target gene of SOX30, is dispensable for male fertility in mice
Authors: Wang Fengsong , Kong Shuai , Hu Xuechun , Li Xin , Xu Bo , Yue Qiuling , Fu Kaiqiang , Ye Lan , Bai Shun 
Published: December 2020

Background
The DNAJ family of molecular chaperones maintains protein homeostasis in mitotic and postmeiotic cells, especially germ cells. Recently, we found that the transcription factor SOX30 initiates transcription of Dnajb8 during late meiosis and spermiogenesis in mouse testes.

Methods
We used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate Dnajb8 mutant mice and analyze the phenotype of the Dnajb8 mutants.

Results
AlthoughDnajb8 is an evolutionarily conserved gene, it is not essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility. We provide this phenotypic information, which could prevent duplicative work by other groups.
Sevoflurane preconditioning attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury of H9c2 cardiomyocytes by activation of the HIF-1/PDK-1 pathway
Authors: Hou Tianliang , Ma Haiping , Wang Haixia , Chen Chunling , Ye Jianrong , Ahmed Ahmed Mohamed , Zheng Hong 
Published: December 2020

Background
Sevoflurane preconditioning (SPC) can provide myocardial protective effects similar to ischemic preconditioning (IPC). However, the underlying molecular mechanism of SPC remains unclear. Studies confirm that hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) can transform cells from aerobic oxidation to anaerobic glycolysis by activating the switch protein pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 (PDK-1), thus providing energy for the normal life activities of cells under hypoxic conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the cardioprotective effects of SPC are associated with activation of the HIF-1a/PDK-1 signal pathway.

Methods
The H9c2 cardiomyocytes hypoxia/reoxygenation model was established and treated with 2.4% sevoflurane at the end of equilibration. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, cell viability, cell apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, key enzymes of glycolysis, ATP concentration of glycolysis were assessed after the intervention. Apoptosis related protein(Bcl-2, Bax), HIF-1a protein, and PDK-1 protein were assessed by western blot.

Results
Compared with the H/R group, SPC significantly increased the expression of HIF-1a, PDK-1, and Bcl-2 and reduced the protein expression of Bax, which markedly decreased the apoptosis ratio and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, increasing the cell viability, content of key enzymes of glycolysis, ATP concentration of glycolysis and stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential. However, the cardioprotective effects of SPC were disappeared by treatment with a HIF-1a selective inhibitor.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that the cardioprotective effects of SPC are associated with the activation of the HIF-1a/PDK-1 signaling pathway. The mechanism may be related to increasing the content of key enzymes and ATP of glycolysis in the early stage of hypoxia.
Characterization of Dry Matter Partition with Grain Yield in Advanced Breeding Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Kumar D. Dev , Reddy D. Vishnu Vardhan , Rao P. Raghuveer , Madhav M. Sheshu , Shankar V. Gouri 
Published: December 2020

The experimental field was laid in RBD replicated thrice with 30 high yielding rice genotypes which includes 26 advanced breeding lines (ABL) (SP-351, SP-352, SP-353, SP-354, SP-355, SP-356, SP-357, SP-358, SP-359, SP-360, SP-70, SP-72, SP-63, SP-61, SP-69, SP-55, SP-80, SP-25, SP-13, SP-03, SP-02, SP-34, SP-37, SP-08, SP-75 and SP-57) and four checks (NDR-359, BPT-5204, IR-64, Jaya). Seven genotypes showed significantly higher leaf weight over the BPT-5204. Further, leaf weight at panicle initiation stage showed a positive relationship with TDM (Total Dry Matter) (r=0.51**). At the panicle initiation stage, only three genotypes (SP-354, SP-358, and SP-72) were superior to BPT-5204 in leaf weight. The shoot biomass and total dry weight was superior only in one genotype SP-72 as compared to BPT-5204. Similarly, the net assimilation rate at panicle initiation stage was maximum in SP-08 (9.92g m-2 day-1) and SP-72 (9.35g m-2 day-1) as compared to check BPT-5204 (6.47g m-2 day-1). These genotypes maintained higher photosynthetic rate (SP-72) and higher grain yield (SP-08). The relationship between CGR (Crop Growth Rate) and TDM (Total Dry Matter) and grain yield (r=0.61**) was positive and significant at physiological maturity. Genotypes SP-08 and SP-72 showed significantly higher CGR (Crop Growth Rate) over BPT-5204 and hence, yielded higher. In the present study compared to BPT-5204, genotypes SP-72, SP-08 maintained higher lea area index at all crop growth stages. These genotypes maintained higher photosynthetic rate (SP-72) and higher grain yield (SP-08). Positive significant relationship between LAI (Leaf Area Index) and total dry matter at harvest and; grain yield has been observed.
Mechanisms of Diabetic Neuropathies and Antioxidant Therapy
Authors: Alsulaimani Mujahid A. , Magadmi Rania M. , Esmat Ahmed 
Published: December 2020

Background: Diabetic neuropathy is very common and affects half of patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is the leading cause of diabetes-related hospital admissions and nontraumatic amputations. Currently, the keys to management are maintaining blood glucose concentration within the normal range and treatment of symptoms. Despite many studies of chronic pain associated with diabetic neuropathy, few improvements have been made.
Main Finding: This is a review of the classification of diabetic neuropathy, molecular mechanisms, and treatment options focusing on antioxidants.
Conclusion: As oxidative stress may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy, the study of molecular mechanisms by which hyperglycemia induces oxidative stress is important. New targets for disease-modifying drugs could be elucidated.
Box-Behnken Design Approach for Optimization of a Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Anti Leukemic Drugs in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Suresh R. , Swamivelmanickam M. , Sivakrishnan S. 
Published: December 2020

To develop and validate a RP-HPLC method for the determination of selected anti- leukemic drugs in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations using Design of experiments. Development of the chromatographic method is based on design of experiments (DOE) approach, utilizing two level full factorial design for screening and Box-Behnken experimental design for optimization. In order to identify the significant parameters for the optimization, by simultaneously registering the main, interaction and quadratic effects of three factors such as volume of methanol (X1), concentration of buffer(X2) and flow rate (X3) on the selected responses like capacity factor K1 of first eluted peak (Y1), resolution of critical peaks RS (1,2) (Y2) and amp; RS (2,3) (Y3) and retention time of last peak tR4 (Y4) as responses. Analytes were separated on a Onyx monolithic- C18 (100×4.6mm) with mobile phase comprising Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (0.01M), Methanol and Acetonitrile in ratio of (30:34.29:35.71), with flow rate of 0.723 mL/min and pH 3.5 adjusted with dilute orthophosphoric acid. Total chromatographic analysis time per samples was approximately 5 minutes with DST(IS), IMT, IBT and SFN eluting with retention times of 2.64, 3.05, 3.81 and 4.59 minutes respectively. Calibration curves were linear over selected range 0.997 for the all analytes. The method was sensitive with the LODs were 10.457, 13.07 and 26.169 ng/mL and LOQs were 31.68, 39.6 and 79.3ng/mL for IMT, IBT and SFN respectively. Inter and Intra-day precision data (in terms of %RSD) was fond to be less than ≥3 respectively, Recoveries ranged ≥102±2% for Imatinib- Gleevec, Ibrutinib- Imbruvica and Sorafenib- Nexavar. The obtained results corroborated the potential of the proposed method for determination of all the three anti-leukemic drugs for routine analysis for products of similar type and composition.
Tetrapleura tetraptera of Ghanaian Origin: Phytochemistry, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of Plant Parts
Authors: Larbie Christopher , Robertson Felix Charles Mills- , Quaicoe Emmanuel Bright , Opoku Rita , Kabiri Naomi Chounbayor , Abrokwah Rachel Owusu 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The role of medicinal plants in meeting the healthcare needs of the populace, particularly in developing countries cannot be overemphasized. They provide holistic treatment and wellbeing due to a plethora of phytochemicals found in them. Among such is Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum. & Thonn.) Taub., a multipurpose tree plant with varied biological activities. The current study was aimed at assessing the basic phytochemical constituents, free radical scavenging activity as well as the antimicrobial effect on various solvent extracts of leaves, fruit and stem bark of T. tetraptera of Ghanaian origin.
Materials and Methods: Aqueous, 50% hydroethanolic and methanolic extracts were made from the leaves, fruits, and stem bark of T. tetraptera. They were assessed for the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, antimicrobial activity as well as the spectroscopic properties (Ultraviolet – visible and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy). Compounds in the methanolic extracts were evaluated using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
Results: Tannins, reducing sugars, coumarins and flavonoids were present in all extracts while hydroethanolic and methanolic extracts were rich in phenols, tannins and flavonoids, especially for the stem bark. Leaf extracts had better antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Proteus mirabilis.
Conclusion: Generally, leaves and stem bark extracts of T. tetraptera are rich in biologically active phytochemicals, supporting their use in ethnomedicine and could be exploited further for other biological activities.
Ruthenium Catalysts Promoted by Lanthanide Oxyhydrides with High Hydride‐Ion Mobility for Low‐Temperature Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Ooya Kayato , Li Jiang , Fukui Keiga , Iimura Soshi , Nakao Takuya , Ogasawara Kiya , Sasase Masato , Abe Hitoshi , Niwa Yasuhiro , Kitano Masaaki , Hosono Hideo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLanthanum oxyhydrides were recently reported to be fast hydride ion conductors with the highest conductivity at 100–400 °C. Here, the relationship between the hydride‐ion conduction and the ammonia synthesis activity of ruthenium‐loaded lanthanum oxyhydrides (Ru/LaH3−2xOx) is investigated. The onset ammonia formation temperature by the Ru/LaH3−2xOx is lower by 100 °C when compared to the Ru‐loaded lanthanum oxides. The apparent activation energy of ammonia synthesis over Ru/LaH3−2xOx is 64 kJ mol−1, which is much smaller than that of hydride‐ion conductivity (≈100 kJ mol−1), indicating no direct relationship between the catalytic activity and the bulk hydride‐ion conductivity. However, the catalytic performance is strongly correlated with the surface H− ion mobility of Ru/LaH3−2xOx, which gives rise to the formation of low work function electrons at H− ion vacancies near the Ru‐support interface and high resistance for H2 poisoning on the Ru catalyst. Moreover, LaH3−2xOx has high nitridation resistance as compared with lanthanum hydride (LaH3) under ammonia synthesis condition. As a result, the high surface H− concentration of Ru/LaH3−2xOx is preserved during ammonia synthesis, exhibiting more robust activity than Ru/LaH3. Almost the same results are obtained for Ru/CeH3−2xOx implicating the common characteristics of rare‐earth oxyhydride support.
Cost‐effectiveness of hydrophilic‐coated urinary catheters for individuals with spinal cord injury: A systematic review
Authors: Xi Min , Elterman Dean S. , Welk Blayne , Pakosh Maureen , Chan Brian C. F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and critically evaluate the economic evaluations examining the cost‐effectiveness of hydrophilic‐coated vs uncoated catheters for individuals with spinal cord injury.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, the Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Emcare for studies in English and French. There were no restrictions to the year of publication. Our search strategy included the following key terms: “spinal cord injury,” “catheterization,” and “cost analysis.”ResultsThe search identified 371 studies, of which eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Five studies observed hydrophilic‐coated catheters to be cost‐effective compared to uncoated catheters. Two studies found hydrophilic‐coated catheters to be not cost‐effective compared to uncoated catheters and one study estimated that hydrophilic‐coated catheters reduced the long‐term health‐care costs compared to uncoated catheters.ConclusionThe cost‐effectiveness of hydrophilic‐coated catheters was dependent on the comparator used, the consideration of long‐term effects, and the unit cost of treatment. Further studies are needed to explore the short‐term and long‐term effects of hydrophilic‐coated catheter use on urinary tract infections and clarify the impact of hydrophilic‐coated catheter use on long‐term renal function. Overall, our critical evaluation of the literature suggests that the evidence is pointing toward hydrophilic‐coated catheters being cost‐effective, particularly when a societal perspective is applied.
Spatiotemporal evolution of coal spontaneous combustion in longwall gobs: A case study from mining discontinuation to resumption
Authors: Qin Yueping , Song Yipeng , Liu Wei , Duo Wenhe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCoal mining is frequently halted for long periods of time due to geological faults, and the process of resuming mining is often fraught with danger. To address this issue, in this study, the previously developed COMBUSS‐3D software was optimized to simulate the process between mining discontinuation and resumption, based on the multi‐field coupling theory. The optimized software takes the temperature distribution in gobs when coal mining ends as the initial condition, and it considers the condition of spontaneous coal combustion after remining. The actual advance distance of the working face is introduced into the program compilation and solved by linear interpolation. These improvements ensure that the calculation results are more realistic. The results demonstrate that the high‐temperature zone is distributed on the air intake side of the gob, and its final location largely depends on the remining advance rate. The hazardous area of spontaneous ignition gradually moves to a deep suffocation zone of the gob when the mining of the coal wall resumes, the residual coal is no longer oxidized, and CO formation is gradually decreased, which is verified by the theoretical expectations and on‐site observations. The spontaneous combustion period can be effectively prolonged by reducing the thickness of crushed coal during the mining stage or by increasing the longwall advance rate after resuming mining. This study can provide significant guidance and suggestion on locating the hazardous area in gobs and suppressing the spontaneous coal ignition.
Liver Stiffness by Transient Elastography to Detect Porto‐Sinusoidal Vascular Liver Disease With Portal Hypertension
Authors: Elkrief Laure , Lazareth Marie , Chevret Sylvie , Paradis Valérie , Magaz Marta , Blaise Lorraine , Rubbia‐Brandt Laura , Moga Lucile , Durand François , Payancé Audrey , Plessier Aurélie , Chaffaut Cendrine , Valla Dominique , Malphettes Marion , Diaz Alba , Nault Jean‐Charles , Nahon Pierre , Audureau Etienne , Ratziu Vlad , Castera Laurent , Garcia Pagan Juan‐Carlos , Ganne‐Carrie Nathalie , Rautou Pierre‐Emmanuel ,   the ANRS CO12 CirVir Group
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims
Porto‐sinusoidal vascular liver disease (PSVD) is a rare cause of portal hypertension. PSVD is still often misdiagnosed as cirrhosis, emphasizing the need to improve PSVD diagnosis strategies. Data on liver stiffness measurement using transient elastography (TE‐LSM) in PSVD are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of TE‐LSM to discriminate PSVD from cirrhosis in patients with signs of portal hypertension.

Approach and Results
Retrospective multicenter study comparing TE‐LSM in patients with PSVD, according to Vascular Liver Disease Interest Group criteria, with patients with compensated biopsy‐proven cirrhosis associated with alcohol (n = 117), HCV infection (n = 110), or NAFLD (n = 46). All patients had at least one sign of portal hypertension among gastroesophageal varices, splenomegaly, portosystemic collaterals, history of ascites, or platelet count < 150 × 109/L. The 77 patients with PSVD included in the test cohort had lower median TE‐LSM (7.9 kPa) than the patients with alcohol‐associated, HCV‐related, and NAFLD‐related cirrhosis (33.8, 18.2, and 33.6 kPa, respectively; P < 0.001). When compared with cirrhosis, a cutoff value of 10 kPa had a specificity of 97% for the diagnosis of PSVD with a 85% positive predictive value. A cutoff value of 20 kPa had a sensitivity of 94% for ruling out PSVD with a 97% negative predictive value. Of the patients, 94% were well‐classified. Even better results were obtained in a validation cohort including 78 patients with PSVD.

Conclusions
This study including a total of 155 patients with PSVD and 273 patients with cirrhosis demonstrates that TE‐LSM < 10 kPa strongly suggests PSVD in patients with signs of portal hypertension. Conversely, when TE‐LSM is >20 kPa, PSVD is highly unlikely.