bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression and prognostic significance of NKD2 in ovarian cancer
Authors: Wei Wei , Zheng Lisi , Gao Ying , He Minjun , Yang Fan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeNaked2 (NKD2) is a negative regulator of Wnt signaling pathway and associates with transforming growth factor secretion. The role of NKD2 in ovarian cancer is unknown.Patients and methodsGene expression profiles were measured and compared in nine patients by RNA sequencing. NKD2 expressions in ovarian cancer were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Tissue slides of 79 patients were stained and scored for NKD2 expression. In vitro experiments were conducted to explore the role of NKD2 in ovarian cancer. The prognostic role of NKD2 was evaluated by survival analysis.ResultsNKD2 was upregulated in patients with better survival by mRNA and protein expression. Patients were classified as NKD2-high group (n = 30) and NKD2-low group (n = 49) according to immunohistochemical score. High NKD2 was correlated with lower recurrence rate (P = 0.002) and higher percentage of platinum-sensitive recurrence (P = 0.006). Median progression-free survival was significantly longer for NKD2-high patients than NKD2-low patients (49.1 vs.14.1 months, P &lt; 0.001). Accordingly, there was a significantly difference in terms of overall survival time between two groups (hazard ratio: 3.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.58–5.85, P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate regression suggested that NKD2 was independently prognostic factors in terms of progression-free survival (hazard ratio: 2.91; 95% confidence interval: 1.61–5.27, P &lt; 0.001) and overall survival (hazard ratio: 3.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.80–7.21, P &lt; 0.001). In vitro studies further demonstrated that NKD2 suppressed ovarian cancer cell proliferation, colony formation and cell migration.ConclusionNKD2 is a novel prognostic marker and could suppress tumor progression in ovarian cancer.
The effect of redshift degeneracy and the damping effect of viscous medium on the information extracted from gravitational wave signals
Authors: Ning Shou-Li , Xu LiXin 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Considering the cosmological redshift zc, the mass of GW source extracted from GW signal is 1 + zc times larger than its intrinsic value, and distance between detector and GW source should be regarded as luminosity distance. However, besides cosmological redshift, there are other kinds of redshifts should be considered, which is actually ignored, in the analysis of GW data, such as Doppler redshift and gravitational redshift, so the parameters extracted from GW may deviate from their intrinsic values. Another factor that may affect GW is the viscous medium in propagation path of GW, which may damp the GW with a damping rate of 16πGη. Some studies indicate dark matter may interact with each other, thus dark matter may be the origin of viscosity of cosmic medium. Then the GW may be rapidly damped by the viscous medium that is made of dark matter, such as dark matter ‘mini-spike’ around intermediate-mass black hole. In this article, we mainly discuss how Doppler and gravitational redshift, together with the damping effect of viscous medium, affect the informations, such as the mass and redshift of GW source, extracted from GW signals.
A warm molecular ring in AG Car: composing the mass-loss puzzle
Authors: Bordiu C , Bufano F , Cerrigone L , Umana G , Rizzo J R , Buemi C S , Leto P , Cavallaro F , Ingallinera A , Loru S , Trigilio C , Riggi S 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTWe present APEX observations of CO J = 3 → 2 and ALMA observations of CO J = 2 → 1, 13CO J = 2 → 1, and continuum towards the Galactic luminous blue variable AG Car. These new observations reveal the presence of a ring-like molecular structure surrounding the star. Morphology and kinematics of the gas are consistent with a slowly expanding torus located near the equatorial plane of AG Car. Using non-LTE line modelling, we derived the physical parameters of the gas, which is warm (∼50 K) and moderately dense (∼103 cm−3). The total mass of molecular gas in the ring is 2.7 ± 0.9 M⊙. We analysed the radio continuum map, which depicts a point-like source surrounded by a shallow nebula. From the flux of the point-like source, we derived a current mass-loss rate of $\dot{M} = (1.55\pm 0.21)\times 10^{-5}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot}$ yr−1. Finally, to better understand the complex circumstellar environment of AG Car, we put the newly detected ring in relation to the main nebula of dust and ionized gas. We discuss possible formation scenarios for the ring, namely, the accumulation of interstellar material due to the action of the stellar wind, the remnant of a close binary interaction or merger, and an equatorially enhanced mass-loss episode. If molecular gas formed in situ as a result of a mass eruption, it would account for at least a $30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the total mass ejected by AG Car. This detection adds a new piece to the puzzle of the complex mass-loss history of AG Car, providing new clues about the interplay between LBV stars and their surroundings.
Competition for Flow and Short-Termism in Activism
Authors: Burkart Mike , Dasgupta Amil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We develop a dual-layered agency model to study blockholder monitoring by activist funds competing for investor flow. Competition for flow affects the manner in which activist funds govern as blockholders. In particular, funds inflate their short-term performance by increasing payouts that are financed by higher (net) leverage. Doing so subsequently discourages value-creating interventions during economic downturns because of debt overhang. Our theory suggests a new channel via which asset manager incentives may foster economic fragility and links together the observed procyclicality of activist investments with the documented effect of such funds on the leverage of their target companies. (JEL G34, G23)
Received July 2, 2020; editorial decision August 8, 2020; Editor Uday Rajan.
Financing Corporate Growth
Authors: Frank Murray Z , Sanati Ali 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Considerable research tackles the aggregate impact of debt financing. We show that equity is more important for firm growth than generally understood. A dollar of equity issuance is associated with an extra $\$0.93$ of real assets, whereas a dollar of debt issuance is associated with an extra $\$0.14$. Firms issue equity first, then increase real assets, and, finally, issue debt while repurchasing equity. We explain this sequence using a model in which debt is tax preferred relative to equity but is subject to limited commitment. We use the estimated model to evaluate how several government policies affect corporate growth.
Collagens in primary frozen shoulder: expression of collagen mRNA isoforms in the different phases of the disease
Authors: Marker Line , Schjerling Peter , Mackey Abigail L , Hansen Thomas , Jakobsen Jens , Kjær Michael , Krogsgaard Michael R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Primary frozen shoulder (pFS) has three phases that differ in clinical presentation. It is characterized by contracture of the joint capsule. We hypothesized that there is a general upregulation of collagens in pFS, and that this is highest in the first phase of the disease. The aims of this study were to investigate the expression of various collagens and degradation of collagens in patients with primary pFS and relate this to the three phases of the condition.

Methods
From twenty-six patients with pFS and eight control patients with subacromial impingement, biopsies were obtained during shoulder arthroscopy from the middle glenohumeral ligament and the anterior capsule, and mRNA levels for collagens, MMP-2 and -14 and TGF-β1, - β2 and -β3 in the tissue were analysed using real-time PCR.

Results
Genes for collagens type I, III, IV, V, VI and XIV, were activated in pFS, and the total mRNA for all collagens was increased (P &lt; 0.05). This upregulation was independent of disease phases in pFS. In addition, MMP-2, MMP-14, TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 were upregulated in all phases of the disease.

Conclusion
There is a general upregulation and an increased degradation of collagens in pFS in all three phases of the disease. This indicates a constantly increased turnover of the fibrotic tissue in the capsule from pFS. The difference in clinical presentation of pFS observed in the three phases of the disease is not primarily a result of variations in collagen production.
Cognitive Aids in Obstetric Units: Design, Implementation, and Use
Authors: Abir G. , Austin N. , Seligman K.M. , Burian B.K. , Goldhaber-Fiebert S.N. 
Published: November 2020

(Anesth Analg. 2020;130:1341–1350)
Entire multidisciplinary teams are required for effective responses to obstetric crisis situations. Evidence for the benefits of cognitive aid tools in helping such teams successfully coordinate their responses exist, but challenges in regards to proper design, use, and implementation of such tools hinder their effectiveness. The authors’ intent of this current article was 2-fold: first, to summarize currently available resources, and second, to explore existing gaps which could be used to motivate advancement in the field of cognitive aid tools.
The Most Influential Publications in Obstetric Anesthesiology, 1998-2017: Utilizing the Delphi Method for Expert Consensus
Authors: Reale S.C. , Tsen L.C. , Camann W.R. , Bateman B.T. , Farber M.K. 
Published: November 2020

(Anesth Analg. 2020;131:239–244)
Obstetric anesthesiology has seen many advances in the past 20 years. Identifying publications that have substantially influenced not only the practice of obstetric anesthesiology but also that of medicine, have relied upon analyses of bibliometric data or cited references, or a nomination process by select experts or panelists. This study sought to use the Delphi method to identify the most influential publications in the field of obstetric anesthesiology.
Incidences of Obstetric Outcomes and Sample Size Calculations: A Danish National Registry Study Based on All Deliveries From 2008 to 2015
Authors: Hoegh S. , Thellesen L. , Christensen K.B. , Bergholt T. , Hedegaard M. , Sorensen J.L. 
Published: November 2020

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020;99:34–41)
As adverse obstetric outcomes become less frequent in high-income countries, the ability to demonstrate significant effects of new interventions becomes more challenging. This is because many study designs do not have adequate statistical power to validate rare outcomes attributed to a specific intervention. The aim of this study was to report the incidence of relevant obstetric outcomes from existing literature and based on this data, to calculate sample sizes needed for tentative future randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to ensure the quality of scientific findings.
Do Obstetricians Apply the National Guidelines? A Vignette-based Study Assessing Practices for the Prevention of Preterm Birth
Authors: Rousseau A. , Azria E. , Baumann S. , Deneux-Tharaux C. , Senate M.V. 
Published: November 2020

(BJOG. 2020;127:467–476)
While clinical guidelines are developed by synthesizing scientific evidence with the intent to assist clinicians’ in decision-making, studies show generally low levels of adherence to those guidelines, especially in obstetrics. This may be in part to inadequate dissemination of guidelines. International guidelines for the management of spontaneous preterm birth have been recently issued, yet management practices continue to vary widely. This study aimed to describe clinician practices for preventing spontaneous preterm birth before and following guideline issuance and identify factors that may affect adherence to guidelines.
Association Between Perinatal Anemia and Postpartum Depression: A Prospective Cohort Study of Japanese Women
Authors: Maeda Y. , Ogawa K. , Morisaki N. , Yoshiyuki T. , Horikawa R. , Sago H. 
Published: November 2020

(Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2020;148:48–52)
Anemia affects >40% of women in the world and can cause symptoms of fatigue, irritability, apathy, and depression. Because of these symptoms, anemia during pregnancy or the postpartum period has been identified as a possible physiological risk factor for postpartum depression (PPD). The aim of this study was to review the association between anemia and PPD in the second trimester, third trimester, and postpartum period.
Apgar Score and Risk of Neonatal Death Among Preterm Infants
Authors: Cnattingius S. , Johansson S. , Razaz N. 
Published: November 2020

(N Engl J Med. 2020;383:49–57)
Neonatal death in preterm infants is associated with a number of factors, including gestational age, sex, and Apgar scores. Yet, as a predictor of neonatal survival, a low Apgar score may reflect biological immaturity in an otherwise healthy infant rather than fetal depression. Moreover, a recent policy statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics stated that the Apgar score should not be used as a predictor for individual neonatal mortality or neurological outcome. Because of this, the value of the Apgar score has been called into question. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between the risk of neonatal death and Apgar scores and gestational age.
Universal Screening for SARS-CoV-2 in Women Admitted for Delivery
Authors: Sutton D. , Fuchs K. , D’Alton M. , Goffman D. 
Published: November 2020

(N Engl J Med. 2020;382:2163–2164)
The obstetrical population in New York City presents a unique challenge during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, as patients typically interact with the health care system multiple times before eventually being admitted to the hospital for delivery. Following 2 initially asymptomatic but ultimately SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, universal nasopharyngeal swab testing was implemented for all women admitted for delivery at this institution.
The Physiology of Intrapartum Fetal Compromise at Term
Authors: Turner J.M. , Mitchell M.D. , Kumar S.S. 
Published: November 2020

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;222:17–26)
Nearly a quarter (23%) of neonatal deaths are estimated to be caused by intrapartum complications. Perinatal hypoxia is a major cause of stillbirth, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and cerebral palsy. Three quarters of cases of severe fetal hypoxia are caused by uterine contractions, which reduce uteroplacental perfusion by as much as 60%. While most fetuses can tolerate some reduction of placental perfusion, some cannot. This paper reviewed the physiology of placental development, mechanisms by which intrapartum hypoxia at term manifests in fetuses, and methods of identifying at-risk fetuses.
Umbilical Cord Abnormalities and Stillbirth
Authors: Hammad I.A. , Blue N.R. , Allshouse A.A. , Silver R.M. , Gibbins K.J. , Page J.M. , Goldenberg R.L. , Reddy U.M. , Saade G.R. , Dudley D.J. , Thorsten V.R. , Conway D.L. , Pinar H. , Pysher T.J. 
Published: November 2020

(Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135:644–652).
Colloquially known as “cord accidents,” stillbirths due to umbilical cord abnormalities occur when blood supply through the umbilical cord is disrupted severely enough to cause fetal death. Unfortunately, the reported rates of umbilical cord abnormalities associated with stillbirth range widely from 2.5% to 30%, and the diagnostic criteria for these abnormalities have not been clearly defined. This study aimed to rigorously characterize stillbirths associated with cord abnormalities, and further examine the maternal and clinical factors associated with these perinatal losses.
Low-dose Aspirin for the Prevention of Preterm Delivery in Nulliparous Women With a Singleton Pregnancy (ASPIRIN): A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Hoffman M.K. , Goudar S.S. , Kodkany B.S. , Metgud M. , Somannavar M. , Okitawutshu J. , Lokangaka A. , Tshefu A. , Bose C.L. , Mwapule A. , Mwenechanya M. , Chomba E. , Carlo W.A. , Chicuy J. , Figueroa L. , Garces A. , Krebs N.F. , Jessani S. , Zehra F. , Saleem S. , Goldenberg R.L. , Kurhe K. , Das P. , Patel A. , Hibberd P.L. , Achieng E. , Nyongesa P. , Esamai F. , Liechty E.A. , Goco N. , Hemingway-Foday J. , Moore J. , Nolen T.L. , McClure E.M. , Koso-Thomas M. , Miodovnik M. , Silver R. , Derman R.J. 
Published: November 2020

(Lancet. 2020;395:285–293)
Preterm birth is a common cause of infant morbidity and mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries with limited resources. Previous studies of aspirin used to prevent preeclampsia also suggested that low-dose aspirin may help lower the incidence of preterm births. However, no large-scale trial has specifically evaluated the use of low-dose aspirin initiated in early pregnancy with the primary purpose of preventing preterm birth. The aim of this study (the ASPIRIN trial) was to determine if low-dose aspirin administered daily starting in early pregnancy reduced the incidence of preterm delivery.
Effectiveness of Nitrous Oxide in External Cephalic Version on Success Rate: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Douchez V. , Esbelin J. , Misbert E. , Arthuis C. , Drouard A. , Badon V. , Fenet O. , Thubert T. , Winer N. 
Published: November 2020

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020;99:391–398)
Successful external cephalic version (ECV) can reduce the likelihood of cesarean delivery and other adverse outcomes. Both the overall rate of ECV and the success rate may be increased by decreasing the pain involved in ECV. Regional anesthesia is effective in ECV but has some negative effects. Nitrous oxide is less invasive and is used during labor. This study aimed to assess the success rate of ECV with nitrous oxide mixed with oxygen (N2O/O2).
Association Between Neuraxial Analgesia and Postpartum Opioid Use Following Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Badreldin N. , Grobman W.A. , Yee L.M. 
Published: November 2020

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;222:278–279)
While neuraxial analgesia is highly effective and the most common pain management strategy during labor, there is a lack of information on opioid consumption following vaginal delivery with neuraxial analgesia. This study aimed to investigate the association between intrapartum neuraxial analgesia for vaginal delivery and postpartum opioid use.
Variation in the Temperature of Local Anaesthetic During Spinal Anaesthesia Influences Shivering in Cesarean Section Patients
Authors: Khan R.M. , Kaul N. , Haris A. , Al Jadidi A. 
Published: November 2020

(Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2020;64:1028)
This letter responds to the findings of the study above by Wódarski and colleagues that analyzed risk factors for shivering during cesarean section. The authors of this letter note that Wódarski and colleagues did not include the temperature of injected intrathecal local anesthetic and narcotic as a potential cause of shivering. Having recently studied this, they found that the incidence of shivering in patients undergoing cesarean section was 14% versus 62% when the intrathecal injectate was at 37°C versus 22°C, respectively. They hypothesize that this relationship is due to thermosensitivity in the spinal cord, which produces heat gain and loss mechanisms—including shivering—in response to local changes in temperature. Overall, this letter argues that temperature of injected local anesthetic may be an important risk factor for shivering in patients undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia.
Personalized Analgesic Management for Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Carvalho B. , Habib A.S. 
Published: November 2020

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2019;40:91–100)
Women often experience postoperative pain after cesarean delivery; this pain has been associated with many adverse effects, including increased opioid use, delayed functional recovery, increased risk of postpartum depression, decreased breastfeeding success, and chronic pain. The current one-size-fits-all analgesic management strategy for women undergoing cesarean delivery is often inadequate. This review explored a personalized pain management plan which considers adaptations for women who may be more likely to experience more severe pain, and outlines methods to identify at-risk women and involve patients in decision-making.
Early Lymphopenia and Infections in Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients
Authors: Attanasio Laila , Grimaldi David , Akhtar Ramiz Raja , Schuind Sophie , Scolletta Sabino , Adinolfi Luigi E. , Creteur Jacques , Taccone Fabio S. , Gouvêa Bogossian Elisa 
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. A certain degree of immunodepression has been reported during critical illness, and lymphopenia identified as an independent predictor of poor outcome; no data are available for critically ill SAH patients. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of lymphopenia among SAH patients and its association with hospital-acquired infection.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted to an intensive care unit with nontraumatic SAH between January 2011 and May 2016. Lymphocyte count was obtained daily for the first 5 days; lymphopenia was defined as lymphocyte count <1000/mm3. The occurrence of infection during the first 21 days after hospital admission, hospital mortality, and unfavorable neurological outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score 1 to 3 at 3 mo) were recorded.

Results:
Data from 270 patients were analyzed (median age 54 y; male 45%); 121 (45%) patients had lymphopenia and 62 (23%) patients developed infections. Median (25th to 75th percentiles) lymphocyte count at hospital admission was 1280 (890 to 1977)/mm3. Lymphopenia patients had more episodes of infection (38/121, 31% vs. 24/139, 17%; P=0.003) than nonlymphopenia patients, while mortality and unfavorable outcome were similar. Lymphopenia was not independently associated with the development of infection, unfavorable neurological outcome or with mortality.

Conclusions:
Early lymphopenia is common after SAH, but is not significantly associated with the development of infections or with poor outcome.
Hypopigmented Mycosis Fungoides: A Clinical and Histopathology Analysis in 9 Children
Authors: Chen Yunliu , Xu Jiaosheng , Qiu Lei , Fu Libing , Liang Yuan , Wei Li , Xiang Xin , Wang Zhaoyang , Xu Zigang , Ma Lin 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides (HMF) is an uncommon variant of mycosis fungoides.

Aims:
To study the clinical and histopathology presentation in children with HMF.

Method:
We reviewed 9 children diagnosed with HMF. The clinical data were collected and analyzed.

Result:
Eight boys and 1 girl were included, with a median onset age of 7.4 year old and median age of diagnosis of 10.5 year old. Multiple hypopigmented patches were observed in all patients, and 5 patients exhibited multiple scaly erythema at the center of hypopigmented patches. Histopathology showed atypical lymphocytes with hyperchromatic, irregular, and cerebriform nuclei, infiltrated in the epidermis and dermis. Pautrier's microabscesses was noted in 6 of 9 patients, and papillary dermal fibroplasia was noted in 6 of 9 patients. CD8 predominance was detected in 4 of 6 patients. Four patients were simultaneously subjected to skin biopsy on hypopigmented patches and scaly erythema simultaneously. Compared with hypopigmented specimens, erythema biopsy detected deeper and denser infiltration of atypical lymphoid cells in 3 of 4 patients, higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio in 4 of 4 patients, more CD5 loss in 2 of 4 patients, and more CD7 loss in 2 of 4 patients. TCR gene monoclonal rearrangement was detected in 2 of 5 patients. Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy was applied in 7 patients. One of 7 patients achieved complete response, and 6 of 7 patients achieved partial response. No recurrence was noted with the median follow-up period of 6 months.

Conclusion:
HMF could occur in young patients, with indolent and benign course. HMF could gradually seem as scaly erythema based on hypopigmented patches. The histopathology indicated a more advanced stage of the scaly erythema lesions than hypopigmented patches.