bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term repeatability and stability of three personality traits in meadow voles
Authors: Rohrer Karl N. , Ferkin Michael H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConsistency of animal personality traits is expected. Mounting evidence suggests that animal personalities will change with time and major life events. Research into this phenomenon is often limited to span only short periods of time in the animals’ life or have few measures across their life. We measured Exploration, Activity and Boldness of litters of meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, in a pair of novel object tests six times over a year, representing a large proportion of the lifespan of the vole. Our null hypothesis was that the personality traits would not change, and our first alternative hypothesis was that personality traits would change equally for all individuals as they aged. Neither was supported. The data support our third hypothesis that traits would change and change unequally. Activity and Boldness were consistent across time. However, Exploratory behaviour increased with the vole's age. The supported models show that personality traits change consistently for related individuals, but the litters differ in their change with age. This suggests that meadow vole life history affects how personality traits develop, but not necessarily their magnitudes. We also tested the repeatability of traits across the testing intervals. We discovered that the repeatability of these three personality traits varied across time, depending on the trait. Activity was repeatable equally across ages. Exploration became more repeatable and Boldness became less so. Thus, personality traits may be more malleable than supposed, especially over long periods of time.
Experimental study on fracture behaviour of three‐flawed sandstone specimens after high‐temperature treatments
Authors: Huang Yan‐Hua , Yang Sheng‐Qi , Dong Jin‐Peng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe crack coalescence of rocks significantly affects the stability of rock engineering, and extensive studies have been performed on preflawed rock specimens without thermal treatment. However, the fracturing behaviour of preflawed specimens after thermal treatment has not been investigated comprehensively. In this study, three‐flawed sandstone specimens with different flaw inclinations after high‐temperature treatments were tested under uniaxial compression. Photographic, acoustic emission and digital image correlation techniques were used to investigate the crack initiation, propagation and coalescence behaviour. Experimental results show that the peak strength, elastic modulus and peak strain of the three‐flawed specimens were lower than those of intact specimens and that they gradually recovered with increasing flaw angle. The peak strength and elastic modulus first increased and then decreased, whereas the peak strain increased with temperature. Noncoalescence, indirect coalescence and direct coalescence were three patterns observed between the two adjacent pre‐existing flaws. Finally, the mechanism of high temperature in alteration of the mechanical properties of sandstone was revealed through microobservations.
Release of treated effluent into streams: A global review of ecological impacts with a consideration of its potential use for environmental flows
Authors: Hamdhani Hamdhani , Eppehimer Drew E. , Bogan Michael T. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Worldwide, the addition of treated wastewater (i.e. effluent) to streams is becoming more common as urban populations grow and developing countries increase their use of wastewater treatment plants. Release of treated effluent can impair water quality and ecological communities, but also could help restore flow and maintain aquatic habitat in water‐stressed regions. To assess this range of potential outcomes, we conducted a global review of studies from effluent‐fed streams to examine the impacts of effluent on water quality and aquatic and riparian biota.

We identified 147 quantitative studies of effluent‐fed streams, most of which were from the U.S.A. and Europe. Over 85% of the studies identified water quality as a primary study focus, including basic physical and chemical parameters, as well as trace organic contaminants. Nearly 60% of the studies had at least some focus on aquatic or riparian biota, primarily fish, aquatic invertebrates, and basal resources (e.g. algae).

Effluent inputs generally impaired water quality near discharge points, mainly through increased water temperature, nutrients, and concentrations of trace organic contaminants, but also via decreased dissolved oxygen levels. The majority of ecological studies found that basal resources, aquatic invertebrates, and fish were negatively affected in a variety of ways (e.g. biodiversity losses, replacement of sensitive with tolerant species). However, several studies showed the importance of effluent in providing environmental flows to streams that had been dewatered by anthropogenic water withdrawals, especially in semi‐arid and arid regions.

Knowledge gaps identified include the abiotic impacts of effluent, such as changes in channel morphology and hydrology (e.g. how nutrient‐rich and warmer effluent affects infiltration rates or interactions with groundwater), the effects of effluent on plants and vertebrates (e.g. amphibians, birds), and the impact of effluent‐induced perennialisation on naturally intermittent or ephemeral streams.

Although effluent‐fed streams often exhibit signs of ecological impairment, there is great potential for these systems to serve as refuges of aquatic biodiversity and corridors of ecological connectivity when wastewater treatment standards are high, especially in semi‐arid and arid regions where natural streams have been dewatered.
Dynamic river processes drive variability in particulate organic matter over fine spatiotemporal scales
Authors: Nakamoto Bobby J. , Fogel Marilyn L. , Jeffres Carson A. , Viers Joshua H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

We sampled freshwater suspended particulate organic matter (POM) to determine its carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition and collected co‐located water chemistry data in California's Sacramento—San Joaquin Delta from sites on the Mokelumne and Cosumnes rivers. A 10‐km2 area was sampled across 12 sites and divided among three habitat types (i.e. riverine, slackwater/slough, and off‐channel), 34 times between November 2016 and July 2017. Here, we describe the variability in water quality and POM variables, and assess factors associated with that variability using dimensional reduction and linear modelling within the context of our habitat types.

The stable isotope composition of freshwater POM and water chemistry variables differed significantly across small areas (<10 km) and short time frames (weekly). Hydrological connectivity amongst sites was found to be an important factor in the isotopic and elemental composition of POM.

During periods of low hydrological connectivity, in situ dynamics were strongly associated with differentiation of POM in different habitats. Discharge (16–433 m3/s) and water temperature (8–30°C) were the variables most associated with variations in the composition of POM. Slackwater sites showed the greatest variability in POM composition, which may be symptomatic of longer water residence times, increased cycling rates of nutrients and organic matter, or a combination of the two.

Variability in POM stable isotope composition demonstrates that caution should be exercised when interpreting analyses that assume a static POM stable isotope composition based on two‐end member mixing. Unconstrained variability in space or time could confound interpretations of models and data. Moving forward, conceptual and numerical models for river ecosystems that emphasise temporally heterogeneous lateral exchange amongst habitat patches should be prioritised when considering restoration efforts and monitoring outcomes.
Do mayflies (Ephemeroptera) support a biogeographic transition zone in South America?
Authors: Molineri Carlos , Nieto Carolina , Dos Santos Daniel A. , Emmerich Daniel , Zúñiga M. del Carmen , Fierro Pablo , Pessacq Pablo , Gomez Daniela , Márquez Javier A. , Príncipe Romina E. , Valdovinos Zarges Claudio , Domínguez Eduardo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimSouth America is considered a biologically hybrid continent. To the south, the Patagonian region harbours a unique biota strongly related to other southern continents. To the northern portion, tropical and subtropical areas from the Neotropical region show a more complex taxocoenosis related to the Nearctic and Afro‐Oriental regions. The South American Transition Zone (STZ) has been proposed to belong simultaneously to both regions. This work aimed to test the validity of STZ in the light of the distributions of an ancient freshwater taxon.LocationSouth America.TaxonEphemeroptera.MethodsWe compiled a dataset including all mayfly species having at least one record in South America (8,268 records for 661 species). By using the Network Analysis Method (NAM), we analysed the validity and delimitation of the STZ.ResultsThe distributions of Ephemeroptera give rise to groups of cohesively sympatric species with a clear distinction between Patagonian and Neotropical regions. Although some degree of overlap occurs between them, the overlapping area does not match the STZ to a significant extent. The units of co‐occurring species recovered show that Neotropical groups mainly occupy the STZ.Main conclusionsAlmost the entire provinces of Puna, Desert and Paramo are not supported as part of the STZ by mayfly distribution. The transition zone between Patagonian and Neotropical mayfly fauna involves Southern Puna and high Andes (south to 17° S latitude), Monte province, and a narrow portion of Patagonian steppe with Chubut River being the southern limit.
Implementing a pediatric oncology nursing multisite trial
Authors: Haugen Maureen , Skeens Micah , Hancock Donna , Ureda Tonya , Arthur Megan , Hockenberry Marilyn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurpose/BackgroundThe Parent Educational Discharge Support Strategies (PEDSS) nursing study includes 16 magnet pediatric oncology institutions across the United States and one in Saudi Arabia, evaluating a nurse‐led parent educational discharge support strategy for families experiencing a child newly diagnosed with cancer.MethodsDuring the first 3 months of the study, a research implementation survey was administered electronically to each site principal investigator to evaluate facilitators and barriers in the research process for this multisite nurse‐led pediatric oncology study.ResultsFacilitators included nursing leadership support and commitment from the nursing staff. Common barriers reported were the Institutional Review Board process, the consent process, the timing of the intervention, data collection, as well as nursing time for the study. Results from the survey suggest nurse‐led research teams were motivated and felt the intervention was easy to deliver.Practice ImplicationsNursing practice is enhanced when nurses participate in research and generate evidence regarding best practices within pediatric oncology nursing care.ConclusionNursing research endeavors focusing on collaborative approaches for implementation can lead to successful nursing studies with careful planning, training and administrative support.
Short‐ and long‐term mortality following hypnotic use
Authors: Hedström Anna Karin , Hössjer Ola , Trolle Lagerros Ylva , Åkerstedt Torbjörn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPotential long‐term consequences of hypnotics remain controversial. We used the prospective Swedish National March Cohort, a study based on 41,695 participants with a mean follow‐up duration of 18.9 years. Logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazards models with attained age as timescale were used to assess associations of hypnotic use with short‐ and long‐term mortality. The proportion of subjects who initiated or discontinued hypnotic use during follow‐up was substantial. All groups of hypnotics were associated with increased mortality within 2 years after a first prescription, with an overall OR of 2.38 (95% CI, 2.13–2.66). The association was more pronounced among subjects younger than 60 years (OR, 6.16; 95% CI, 3.98–9.52). There was no association between hypnotic use and long‐term mortality. The association between hypnotic use and increased mortality was thus restricted to a relatively short period after treatment initiation, and may be explained in terms of confounding by indication.
Increased above‐ground resource allocation is a likely precursor for independent evolutionary origins of annuality in the Pooideae grass subfamily
Authors: Lindberg Camilla Lorange , Hanslin Hans Martin , Schubert Marian , Marcussen Thomas , Trevaskis Ben , Preston Jill Christine , Fjellheim Siri 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Semelparous annual plants flower a single time during their 1‐yr life cycle, investing much of their energy into rapid reproduction. By contrast, iteroparous perennial plants flower multiple times over several years, and partition their resources between reproduction and persistence. To which extent evolutionary transitions between life‐cycle strategies are internally constrained at the developmental, genetic and phylogenetic level is unknown. Here we study the evolution of life‐cycle strategies in the grass subfamily Pooideae and test if transitions between them are facilitated by evolutionary precursors.

We integrate ecological, life‐cycle strategy and growth data in a phylogenetic framework. We investigate if growth traits are candidates for a precursor.

Species in certain Pooideae clades are predisposed to evolve annuality from perenniality, potentially due to the shared inheritance of specific evolutionary precursors. Seasonal dry climates, which have been linked to annuality, were only able to select for transitions to annuality when the precursor was present. Allocation of more resources to above‐ground rather than below‐ground growth is a candidate for the precursor.

Our findings support the hypothesis that only certain lineages can respond quickly to changing external conditions by switching their life‐cycle strategy, likely due to the presence of evolutionary precursors.
Access to bike lanes and childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pan Xiongfeng , Zhao Li , Luo Jiayou , Li Yinhao , Zhang Lin , Wu Tong , Smith Melody , Dai Shaoqing , Jia Peng 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe lack of bike lane access has been a proven risk factor for childhood obesity due to its role in discouraging healthy lifestyles. However, there has not been a systematic review of this important association in the existing literature. This study aims to fill this gap. A literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published from 1 January 2019 onwards that examined the association between bike lane access and weight‐related behaviours and outcomes among children aged <18 years. A total of 21 studies were included in this systematic review. Among them, most of the studies showed that bike lane access was significantly associated with children and adolescents' physical activity (PA), whereas only two studies showed a negative association. Meta‐analysis also supported these findings and showed that bike lane access was significantly associated with children and adolescents' PA (odds ratio [OR] = 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37–1.81). Additionally, we reviewed how bike lane characteristics and microenvironment variables such as children and adolescents' choice of bicycle travel mode, the degree of separation of cycle path, cycle path unevenness, and street maintenance were associated with adolescents' preferences and intention to cycle. This systematic review and meta‐analysis strongly suggests that bike lane access is associated with children and adolescents' PA. Nonetheless, it was difficult to draw a conclusion on the association between bike lane access and weight‐related outcomes.
Varisized 3D‐Printed Lunate for Kienböck's Disease in Different Stages: Preliminary Results
Authors: Ma Zhen‐jiang , Liu Zi‐fan , Shi Qing‐song , Li Tao , Liu Zhi‐yuan , Yang Ze‐zheng , Liu Yi‐hao , Xu Yuan‐jin , Dai Kerong , Yu Chao , Gan Yao‐kai , Wang Jin‐wu 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of arthroplasty with varisized three‐dimensional(3D) printing lunate prosthesis for the treatment of advanced Kienböck's disease (KD).MethodsFrom 2016 November to 2018 September, a retrospective study was performed for the patients of KD in our hospital. Five patients (two males, three females) were included in this study. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 51.6 years (range, 37–64 years). Varisized prosthesis identical to the live model in a ratio of 1:0.85, 1:1, and 1:1.1 were fabricated by 3D printing. All patients (one in Lichtman IIIA stage, two in Lichtman IIIB stage, one in Lichtman IIIC stage, and one in Lichtman IV stage) were treated with lunate excision and 3D printing prosthetic arthroplasty. Visual analog scale score (VAS), the active movement of wrist (extension, flexion) and strength were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. The Mayo Modified Wrist Score (MMWS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Score, and patient's satisfaction were evaluated during the follow‐up.ResultsProsthesis identical to the live model in a ratio of 1:0.85 or 1:1 were chosen for arthroplasty. The mean operation time (range, 45 to 56 min) was 51.8 ± 4.44 min. Follow‐up time ranged from 11 months to 33 months with the mean value of 19.4 months. The mean extension range of the wrist significantly increased from preoperative 44° ± 9.6° to postoperative 60° ± 3.5° (P < 0.05). The mean flexion range of the wrist significantly increased from preoperative 40° ± 10.6° to postoperative 51° ± 6.5° (P < 0.05). The active movement of wrist and strength were improved significantly in all patients. VAS was significantly reduced from 7.3 preoperatively to 0.2 at the follow‐up visit (P < 0.05). The mean DASH score was 10 (range, 7.2–14.2), and the mean MMWS was 79 (range, 70–90). There were no incision infection. All patients were satisfied with the treatment.ConclusionsFor patients suffering advanced Kienböck's disease, lunate excision followed by 3D printing prosthetic arthroplasty can reconstruct the anatomical structure of the carpal tunnel, alleviate pain, and improve wrist movement.
Detection of QTLs for genotype × environment interactions in tomato seeds and seedlings
Authors: Geshnizjani Nafiseh , Snoek Basten L. , Willems Leo A. J. , Rienstra Juriaan A. , Nijveen Harm , Hilhorst Henk W. M. , Ligterink Wilco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeed quality and seedling establishment are the most important factors affecting successful crop development. They depend on the genetic background and are acquired during seed maturation and therefor, affected by the maternal environment under which the seeds develop. There is little knowledge about the genetic and environmental factors that affect seed quality and seedling establishment. The aim of this study is to identify the loci and possible molecular mechanisms involved in acquisition of seed quality and how these are controlled by adverse maternal conditions. For this, we used a tomato recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 100 lines which were grown under two different nutritional environmental conditions, high phosphate and low nitrate. Most of the seed germination traits such as maximum germination percentage (Gmax), germination rate (t50) and uniformity (U8416) showed ample variation between genotypes and under different germination conditions. This phenotypic variation leads to identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) which were dependent on genetic factors, but also on the interaction with the maternal environment (QTL × E). Further studies of these QTLs may ultimately help to predict the effect of different maternal environmental conditions on seed quality and seedling establishment which will be very useful to improve the production of high‐performance seeds.
From metasemantics to analyticity
Authors: Soysal Zeynep 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I argue from a metasemantic principle to the existence of analytic sentences. According to the metasemantic principle, an external feature is relevant to determining which concept one expresses with an expression only if one is disposed to treat this feature as relevant. This entails that if one isn’t disposed to treat external features as relevant to determining which concept one expresses, and one still expresses a given concept, then something other than external features must determine that one does. I argue that, in such cases, what determines that one expresses the concept also puts one in a position to know that certain sentences are true—these sentences are thus analyticrelativeto this determination basis. Finally, I argue that there are such cases: some sentences are analytic relative to what determines that we express certain key concepts, and these sentences include ones that have always been thought to be the best candidates for being analytic, namely, stipulative truths, and first principles of mathematics.
Polyclonal immunoglobulin G deposition on the tubular basement membrane in a diabetic nephropathy: A case report
Authors: Watanabe Hirofumi , Takeuchi Yoichi , Taniuchi Shinji , Sato Hiroshi , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Sasano Hironobu , Joh Kensuke 
Published: May 2020

A 70‐year‐old Japanese man with diabetes mellitus was referred to our hospital for treatment of renal dysfunction. Renal biopsy revealed that the tubular basement membrane (TBM) showed extreme thickening histologically, and selective polyclonal immunoglobulin G deposition on the thickened TBM, whereas no immunoglobulin deposition was found in the glomeruli in an immunofluorescence study. In electron microscopy, a powdery type of electron dense material, which was similar to that seen in Randall‐type monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD), was observed on the tubular epithelial side of the TBM. However, the present case was differentiated from MIDD, because polyclonal deposition with both kappa and lambda deposition on the TBM was observed. Moreover, there was no noticeable glomerular deposition, which is usually found in cases of MIDD. Anti‐TBM disease was also considered as a differential diagnosis, in which polyclonal immunoglobulin deposits selectively on the TBM. However, in the present case, prominent interstitial nephritis was not observed. A similar case with a history of diabetes mellitus has been reported, which was diagnosed as Polyclonal Immunoglobulin G Deposition Disease. No further reports of this case have emerged thereafter; we present this case as the second report supporting this article.