bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transradial approach for diagnostic cerebral angiograms in the elderly: a comparative observational study
Authors: Sweid Ahmad , Das Somnath , Weinberg Joshua H , E l Naamani Kareem , Kim Julie , Curtis Darcy , Joffe Daniel , Hiranaka Cannon Greco , Vijaywargiya Darshana , Sioka Chrissa , Oneissi Mazen , El Hajjar Abdel Hadi , Gooch Michael Reid , Herial Nabeel , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I , Rosenwasser Robert H , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe transradial approach (TRA) reduces mortality, morbidity, access site complications, hospital cost, and length of stay while maximizing patient satisfaction. We aimed to assess the technical success and safety of TRA for elderly patients (aged ≥75 years).MethodsA retrospective chart review and comparative analysis was performed for elderly patients undergoing a diagnostic cerebral angiogram performed via TRA versus transfemoral approach (TFA). Also, a second comparative analysis was performed among the TRA cohort between elderly patients and their younger counterparts.ResultsComparative analysis in the elderly (TRA vs TFA) showed no significant differences for contrast dose per vessel (43.7 vs 34.6 mL, P=0.106), fluoroscopy time per vessel (5.7 vs 5.2 min, P=0.849), procedure duration (59.8 vs 65.2 min, P=0.057), conversion rate (5.8% vs 2.9%, P=0.650), and access site complications (2.3% vs 2.9%, P=1.00). Radiation exposure per vessel (18.9 vs 51.9 Gy cm2, P=0.001) was significantly lower in the elderly TRA group.The second comparison (TRA in elderly vs TRA in the young) showed no significant differences for contrast dose per vessel (43.7 vs 37.8 mL, P=0.185), radiation exposure per vessel (18.9 vs 16.5 Gy cm2, P=0.507), procedure duration (59.8 vs 58.3 min, P=0.788), access site complication (2.3% vs 1.7%, P=0.55), and conversation rate (5.8% vs 1.8%, P=0.092). A trend for prolonged fluoroscopy time per vessel (5.7 vs 4.7 min, P=0.050) was observed in the elderly TRA group.ConclusionsTRA is a technically feasible and safe option for diagnostic neurointerventional procedures in the elderly. Our small elderly cohort was not powered enough to show a significant difference in terms of access site complications between TRA and TFA.
Modelling the impact of a sex work crackdown on syphilis transmission among female sex workers and their clients in South China
Authors: Wong Ngai Sze , Powers Kimberly A , Tucker Joseph D , Lee Shui Shan , Goh Beng Tin , Zhao Peizhen , Chen Lei , Wang Cheng , Yang Li Gang , Yang Bin , Zheng Heping , Huang Shujie , Mitchell Kate M 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate the potential effects of an intense sex work crackdown on syphilis transmission in Guangdong Province, China.MethodsWe developed a deterministic compartmental model of syphilis transmission among female sex workers (FSW) and their male clients in Guangdong Province, China. We based model assumptions on census data and scientific literature, and we fitted the model to sentinel surveillance estimates of syphilis prevalence (positive results in both treponemal and non-treponemal tests) among FSW between 2009 and 2013. We estimated the impact of an intense sex work crackdown in 2014 by comparing the number of new syphilis infections between 2014 and 2020 in crackdown versus basecase (no crackdown) scenarios. In modelling scenarios, we examined main crackdown mechanisms of impact, including changed number of FSW engaging in sex work, reduction of weekly transactions, condom usage rate and syphilis diagnosis rate.ResultsIn the basecase, predicted syphilis prevalence in FSW decreased from 2% in 2014 to 0.4% in 2020. In crackdown scenarios, syphilis incidence was predicted to transiently decrease and then to rebound relative to basecase levels a few years later. Shorter crackdowns led to higher, faster rebounds.ConclusionsShort-term intense crackdowns may exacerbate syphilis transmission among FSW and further marginalise an already vulnerable group. This study provides a quantitative, infection-related basis for changing sex work policies to reduce harms.
The Aging Brain and Executive Functions Revisited: Implications from Meta-analytic and Functional-Connectivity Evidence
Authors: Heckner Marisa K. , Cieslik Edna C. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Camilleri Julia A. , Hoffstaedter Felix , Langner Robert 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with changes in cognitive performance, including executive functions (EFs) and their associated brain activation patterns. However, it has remained unclear which EF-related brain regions are affected consistently, because the results of pertinent neuroimaging studies and earlier meta-analyses vary considerably. We, therefore, conducted new rigorous meta-analyses of published age differences in EF-related brain activity. Out of a larger set of regions associated with EFs, only left inferior frontal junction and left anterior cuneus/precuneus were found to show consistent age differences. To further characterize these two age-sensitive regions, we performed seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) analyses using fMRI data from a large adult sample with a wide age range. We also assessed associations of the two regions' whole-brain RS-FC patterns with age and EF performance. Although our results largely point toward a domain-general role of left inferior frontal junction in EFs, the pattern of individual study contributions to the meta-analytic results suggests process-specific modulations by age. Our analyses further indicate that the left anterior cuneus/precuneus is recruited differently by older (compared with younger) adults during EF tasks, potentially reflecting inefficiencies in switching the attentional focus. Overall, our findings question earlier meta-analytic results and suggest a larger heterogeneity of age-related differences in brain activity associated with EFs. Hence, they encourage future research that pays greater attention to replicability, investigates age-related differences in deactivation, and focuses on more narrowly defined EF subprocesses, combining multiple behavioral assessments with multimodal imaging.
Adult blood stem cell localization reflects the abundance of reported bone marrow niche cell types and their combinations
Authors: Kokkaliaris Konstantinos D. , Kunz Leo , Cabezas-Wallscheid Nina , Christodoulou Constantina , Renders Simon , Camargo Fernando , Trumpp Andreas , Scadden David T. , Schroeder Timm 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The exact localization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in their native bone marrow (BM) microenvironment remains controversial, because multiple cell types have been reported to physically associate with HSCs. In this study, we comprehensively quantified HSC localization with up to 4 simultaneous (9 total) BM components in 152 full-bone sections from different bone types and 3 HSC reporter lines. We found adult femoral α-catulin-GFP+ or Mds1GFP/+Flt3Cre HSCs proximal to sinusoids, Cxcl12 stroma, megakaryocytes, and different combinations of those populations, but not proximal to bone, adipocyte, periarteriolar, or Schwann cells. Despite microanatomical differences in femurs and sterna, their adult α-catulin-GFP+ HSCs had similar distributions. Importantly, their microenvironmental localizations were not different from those of random dots, reflecting the relative abundance of imaged BM populations rather than active enrichment. Despite their functional heterogeneity, dormant label-retaining (LR) and non-LR hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells both had indistinguishable localization from α-catulin-GFP+ HSCs. In contrast, cycling juvenile BM HSCs preferentially located close to Cxcl12 stroma and farther from sinusoids/megakaryocytes. We expect our study to help resolve existing confusion regarding the exact localization of different HSC types, their physical association with described BM populations, and their tissue-wide combinations.
The effectiveness of a simple antimicrobial stewardship intervention in general practice in Australia: a pilot study
Authors: Neels Alicia J. , Bloch Aaron E. , Gwini Stella M. , Athan Eugene 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Inappropriate and excessive antimicrobial prescribing can lead to antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) principles are not well established in general practice in Australia despite the relatively high rate of community antimicrobial prescribing. Few interventions have been implemented that have resulted in a significant reduction or improvement in antimicrobial prescribing by General Practitioners (GPs). This study was therefore conducted to assess the impact of a novel GP educational intervention on the appropriateness of antimicrobial prescriptions as well as GP compliance with antimicrobial prescription guidelines.

Methods
In 2018, a simple GP educational intervention was rolled out in a large clinic with the aim of improving antimicrobial prescribing. It included face-to-face education sessions with GPs on AMS principles, antimicrobial resistance, current prescribing guidelines and microbiological testing. An antibiotic appropriateness audit on prescribing practice before and after the educational intervention was conducted. Data were summarised using percentages and compared across time points using Chi-squared tests and Poisson regression (results reported as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)).

Results
Data from 376 and 369 prescriptions in July 2016 and July 2018, respectively, were extracted. There were significant improvements in appropriate antimicrobial selection (73.9% vs 92.8%, RR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.18–1.34), appropriate duration (53.1% vs 87.7%, RR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.49–1.83) and compliance with guidelines (42.2% vs 58.5%, RR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.19–1.61) post- intervention. Documentation of antimicrobial duration directions, patient follow-up as well as patient weight significantly increased after the intervention (p < 0.001). There was significant reduction in; prescriptions without a listed indication for antimicrobial therapy, prescriptions without appropriate accompanying microbiological tests and the provision of unnecessary repeat prescriptions (p < 0.001). Inappropriate antimicrobial prescriptions observed pre-intervention for medical termination of pregnancy ceased post-intervention.

Conclusions
Auditing GP antimicrobial prescriptions identified prescribing practices inconsistent with Australian guidelines. However, implementation of a simple education program led to significantly improved antimicrobial prescribing by GPs. These findings indicate the important role of AMS and continued antimicrobial education within general practice.
The relationship between personality dimensions, spirituality, coping strategies and clinical clerkship satisfaction among intern nursing students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rezapour-Mirsaleh Yasser , Aghabagheri Mahdi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The clinical clerkship is a crucial stage in nursing training, yet a dissatisfaction at this stage may cause a nurse to quit in future. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among personality dimensions, spirituality, coping strategies and clinical clerkship satisfaction among intern nursing students.

Methods
This was a correlational, cross-sectional study. A total of 293 Iranian nursing students, who were fulfilling their clinical clerkship at university-affiliated hospitals in Tehran, were selected using cluster random sampling. All participants were provided with standard questionnaires including personality dimensions (NEO_FFI), spirituality, coping strategies (WoCQ), and satisfaction with clinical clerkship. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression.

Results
The results showed that spirituality (β = 0.32, p < 0.001), problem-focused coping (β = 0.26, p < 0.001) and extraversion (of personality dimensions, β = 0.22, p < 0.001) played significant roles in predicting clinical clerkship satisfaction among intern nursing students. Regression analysis showed openness (β = 0.14, p < 0.01), extraversion (β = 0.16, p < 0.01), and spirituality (β = 0.23, p < 0.001) could significantly predict problem-focused coping style among intern nursing students. However, personality dimensions and spirituality were not good predictors for emotion-focused coping among these students (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Personality dimensions, coping strategies and, in particular, spirituality are good predictors of clinical clerkship satisfaction among intern nursing students. Therefore, paying attention to spiritual needs in nursing students, improving their problem solving skills in dealing with clinical stress and training extraversion characteristics can be effective in enhancing their satisfaction with clinical clerkship.
On the electromagnetic response of complex pipeline infrastructure
Authors: Orujov Gurban , Anderson Ethan , Streich Rita , Swidinsky Andrei 
Published: August 2020

Controlled-source electromagnetics (CSEM) can be used to image subsurface resistivity and add value in petroleum exploration. However, the application of CSEM methods can be particularly challenging in mature oil and gas fields, where the presence of steel casings and complex seabed infrastructure may influence electromagnetic (EM) fields. The effect of this metal infrastructure can be modeled using the method of moments (MoM), which has previously been demonstrated to be effective in simple situations. We have now developed a methodology for modeling the EM response of complex pipeline geometry using MoM, and we validate our approach numerically and experimentally; the difference between finite-element and MoM modeling is less than 3%, whereas the difference between experimental data and MoM results is less than 30%. We further develop a fast and efficient approach to model the EM response of horizontal pipeline infrastructure. First, we create individual pipe sections of custom shape; when assembled, these sections are used to construct the entire pipeline system. We then identify “precise” and “approximate” zones based on how accurately we need to perform the calculations. We find that the electric field values in the approximate zone can be calculated accurately and quickly using previously saved table values, and therefore achieve a considerable reduction in computational requirements. Finally, we apply our methodology to a real situation of a 60 km horizontal seabed pipeline and find that the electric field distortion can be calculated rapidly and efficiently with our custom-built algorithm.
Fourier-domain modeling of gravity effects caused by a vertical polyhedral prism, with application to a water reservoir storage process
Authors: Zhou Yin , Wu Leyuan , Wu Bin , Cheng Bing , Wang Helin , Chen Longwei , Gao Shiteng , Lin Qiang 
Published: August 2020

We have developed a new Fourier-domain algorithm for the modeling of gravity effects caused by a vertical polyhedral prism. Simplified and more compact Fourier-domain expressions are derived for the vertical gravity anomaly on a 2D plane either above, in the middle of, or below the vertical polyhedral prism. A new Fourier-domain algorithm, which combines a low-order Gauss fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm and a low-order nonuniform FFT algorithm, to permit polar sampling near the zero wave vector, is introduced. To validate the numerical efficiency of the new algorithm, we carry out a series of synthetic tests. Numerical results show that the new algorithm is superior in numerical accuracy and efficiency compared to a pure Gauss-FFT algorithm, and both Fourier methods run much faster than traditional space-domain analytical solutions. We then apply the Fourier forward algorithms to the prediction of vertical component of gravity at many survey points, as a function of the water level of a reservoir located in Xianlin, Hangzhou, China. The reservoir geometry is approximated by a single vertical polyhedral prism. Water storage corresponds to increased heights of the polyhedral prism. Detailed maps of vertical gravity value changes corresponding to a water level rise of 5 and 10 m, with spatial resolution [Formula: see text], on the local topography covering a study area of approximately [Formula: see text] around the water reservoir, are calculated using the new algorithm. Then, the gravity values are classified according to the accuracy of the gravimeter, providing a reference of optimal site selection for a proposed cold-atom gravimetry survey to be carried out in the near future.
Do High-Frequency Traders Anticipate Buying and Selling Pressure?
Authors: Hirschey Nicholas 
Published: August 2020

This study provides evidence that high-frequency traders (HFTs) identify patterns in past trades and orders that allow them to anticipate and trade ahead of other investors’ order flow. Specifically, HFTs’ aggressive purchases and sales lead those of other investors, and this effect is stronger at times when it is more difficult for non-HFTs to disguise their order flow. Consistent with some HFTs being more skilled or more focused on anticipatory strategies, I show that trades from a subset of HFTs consistently predict non-HFT order flow the best. The results are not explained by HFTs reacting faster to news or past returns, by contrarian or trend-chasing behavior by non-HFTs, or by trader misclassification. These findings support the existence of an anticipatory trading channel through which HFTs increase non-HFT trading costs.This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.
Physical therapy in the emergency department: surveying primary care practitioners' perceptions and recommendations
Authors: Fisher Stacy J 
Published: August 2020

Background/aims Little is known regarding the impact that physiotherapists can have on patients in the emergency department. A study was carried out to explore attitudes of physicians, physician assistants and nurse practitioners in emergency departments about physiotherapists being staffed full-time to assist with patient care. It also aimed to investigate whether physiotherapists should be staffed in emergency departments, what they are capable of doing in an emergency department and identify areas where physiotherapists are most useful in emergency departments in the USA. Methods This sequential mixed method study examined the perceptions and recommendations of emergency medicine practitioners regarding physiotherapists' services in the emergency department. Phase one analysed geographical data. Phase two analysed qualitative components of the survey. Frequencies were analysed and either Fisher's exact or Chi-square tests used to analyse the findings. Participants included physician assistants, nurse practitioners and physicians in emergency departments in the USA. Results A statistically significant association was shown between the geographic region and whether or not physiotherapists were staffed within the emergency departments in states outside the western region. Additionally, 97% of qualified participants reported positive experiences working with physiotherapists regularly. Conclusions Physiotherapists should be used for the specialisation and knowledge they have. More education is needed in emergency departments around the USA to understand what a physiotherapist can offer and how this reduces unnecessary hospital admission. Physiotherapists working in the emergency department can ultimately reduce costs for hospitals.
Baseline quality of life in people with hip fracture: results from the multicentre WHiTE cohort study
Authors: Parsons Nick R , Costa Matthew L , Achten Juul , Griffin Xavier L 
Published: August 2020

AimsTo assess the variation in pre-fracture quality of life (QoL) within the UK hip fracture population, and quantify the nature and strength of associations between QoL and other routinely collected patient characteristics and treatment choices.MethodsThe World Hip Trauma Evaluation (WHiTE) study, an observational cohort study of UK hip fracture patients, collects a range of routine data and a health-related QoL score (EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D)). Pre-fracture QoL data are summarized and statistical models fitted to understand associations between QoL, patient characteristics, fracture types, and operations.ResultsFitting a multiple linear regression model indicated that 36.5% of the variance in pre-fracture EQ-5D scores was explained by routinely collected patient characteristics: sex (0.14%), age (0.17%), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (0.73%), Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS; 1.3%), pre-fracture mobility (11.2%), and EQ-5D respondent (participant, relative, or carer; 23.0%). There was considerable variation in pre-fracture EQ-5D scores between operations within fracture types. Participants with trochanteric fractures reported statistically significant but not clinically relevant lower pre-fracture QoL than those with intracapsular fractures. Participants with intracapsular fractures treated with internal fixation or total hip arthroplasty (THA) reported better QoL than those treated with hemiarthroplasty with the overall fittest group receiving THA.ConclusionPre-fracture QoL varies considerably between hip fracture patients; it is generally higher in younger than older patients, patients with better mobility, and those patients who live more independently. Pre-fracture QoL is significantly associated with a range of patient characteristics (e.g. age, mobility, residency). These data explain ~35% of the variation in QoL. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(8):468–476.
Indigenous Pacific Approaches to Climate Change: Pacific Island Countries, Jenny Bryant-Tokalau (2018)
Authors: Smith Roy 
Published: August 2020

Review of: Indigenous Pacific Approaches to Climate Change: Pacific Island Countries, Jenny Bryant-Tokalau (2018)
Cham: Palgrave Pivot, 111 pp.,
ISBN 978 3 319 78398 7 (hbk), £44.99

Indigenous Pacific Approaches to Climate Change: Aotearoa/New Zealand, Lyn Carter (2019)
Cham: Palgrave Pivot, 106 pp.,
ISBN 978 3 319 96438 6 (hbk), £49.99

Combatting Climate Change in the Pacific: The Role of Regional Organizations, Marc Williams and Duncan McDuie-Ra (2018)
London: Palgrave Macmillan, 136 pp.,
ISBN 978 3 319 88816 3 (pbk), £44.99
Long-term follow-up of cystic thyroid nodules treated with percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) using two different approaches
Authors: Deandrea M , Trimboli P , Creanza A , Garino F , Mormile A , Bertolino S , Garberoglio R , Limone P P , Zingrillo M 
Published: August 2020

Background and aim:
Cystic thyroid nodules (CNs), although generally benign, can cause compressive or aesthetic problems. Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) can represent an alternative to surgery. The present retrospective study evaluates: (i) the long-term outcome of CNs after PEI; (ii) the differences between two different PEI protocols; (iii) the CNs response according to the liquid component.

Materials and methods:
The study comprises 358 nodules post-PEI followed for at least 2 years. PEI was performed according to two different treatment protocols with a single (Foggia) or double (Turin) alcohol injection. CNs were divided according to their composition: cystic (CYS) >90%, mainly cystic (M-CYS) 75–90%, mixed (MIX) 50–75%, solid-mixed (S-MIX) 35-50%. The volume reduction rate (VRR) was defined as nodule volume (mL) after PEI/nodule volume (mL) before PEI x 100.

Results:
The 1-year VRR was significantly higher than that at 6 months (89.5% vs 72.9%, P = 0.0005), no differences were observed after 1 year. A significant difference between Turin and Foggia was observed only in VRR at early visit (79% vs 86%, respectively, P = 0.002) and recurrence rate (14% vs 24%, respectively, P = 0.001). Minor side-effects were infrequent. In 192 nodules with a 10-year follow-up CYS showed higher VRR than MIX and S-MIX nodules (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Our study reported that the long-term outcome of CNs treated with PEI is excellent regardless of the PEI technique utilized; the larger the cystic amount, the higher the VRR. Based on present results, PEI can be considered as the first-line choice for treating thyroid CNs.