bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Approach to Gross Dissection of the Human Pelvis and Perineum
Authors: Hunter Leah D. , Mosley Claudia F. , Quinn Melissa M. , Cray James J. , Baker Anthony S. , Burgoon Jennifer M. , Kalmar Eileen , McHugh Kirk M. 
Published: November 2019

Progressive curricular changes in medical education over the past two decades have resulted in the diaspora of gross anatomy content into integrated curricula while significantly reducing total contact hours. Despite the development of a wide range of alternative teaching modalities, gross dissection remains a critical component of medical education. The challenge posed to modern anatomists is how to maximize and integrate the time spent dissecting under the current curricular changes. In this study, an alternative approach to the dissection of the pelvis and perineum is presented in an effort to improve content delivery and student satisfaction. The approach involves removal of the perineum en bloc from the cadaver followed by excision of the pubic symphysis, removal and examination of the bladder and associated structures, examination and bisection of the midline pelvic organs in situ, and midsagittal hemisection of the pelvis for identification of the neurovasculature. Results indicate that this novel dissecting approach increases the number of structures identified by 46% ± 14% over current dissecting methods. Survey results indicate that students were better able to integrate lecture and laboratory concepts, understand the concepts, and successfully identify more structures using the new approach (P < 0.05). The concept of anatomic efficiency is introduced and proposed as a standard quantitative measure of gross dissection proficiency across programs and institutions. These findings provide evidence that innovative solutions to anatomy education can be found that help to maintain critical content and student satisfaction in a modern medical curriculum.
Phenoxyethanol‐Based Embalming for Anatomy Teaching: An 18 Years' Experience with Crosado Embalming at the University of Otago in New Zealand
Authors: Crosado Brynley , Löffler Sabine , Ondruschka Benjamin , Zhang Ming , Zwirner Johann , Hammer Niels 
Published: November 2019

Embalming fixatives such as formaldehyde and phenol have been associated with occupational health hazards. While anatomists aim at replacing these chemicals, this seems presently unfeasible in particular for formaldehyde. Furthermore, fixation protocols usually require well‐equipped facilities with highly experienced staff to achieve good fixation results in spite of only a minimal use of formaldehyde. Combining these aspects, a technique robust enough to be carried out by morticians is presented, resulting in durable tissues with minimal formaldehyde use. An embalming protocol involving phenoxyethanol was established, using concentrations of 7 and 1.5 Vol% of phenoxyethanol in the fixative and the conservation fluid, respectively. Visual, haptic, histological, and biomechanical properties and their perceived potential to positively influence student learning outcomes were compared to standard embalming techniques. The phenoxyethanol technique provides esthetic, durable, and odorless tissues. Bleaching is less pronounced compared to ethanol‐ or formaldehyde‐based protocols. The tissues remain pliable following the phenoxyethanol‐based embalming and can be used for biomechanical experiments to some extent. Phenoxyethanol‐fixed tissues are well suited for undergraduate teaching with perceived positive learning outcomes and partly for postgraduate training. Phenoxyethanol tissues provide the option to obtain well‐preserved histology samples, similar to those derived from formaldehyde. The provided protocol helps replace the use of phenol and formaldehyde for conservation purposes and minimizes the use of formaldehyde for the initial injection fixation. Phenoxyethanol‐based embalming forms an effective alternative to standard embalming techniques for human cadavers. It is simple to use, allowing fixation procedures to be carried out in less sophisticated facilities with non‐anatomy staff.
Biobutanol production from sugarcane bagasse by Clostridium beijerinckii strains
Authors: Narayanasamy Saraswathi , Chan Kit Lun , Cai Hui , Abdul Razak Ahmad Hilman Bin , Tay Boon Keat , Miao Huang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAcetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation was performed with sugarcane bagasse (SCB) hydrolysate using Clostridium beijerinckii strains. A cost‐effective SCB medium was developed with no enzymatic hydrolysis and no supplementation of extra carbon source or expensive nitrogen source. One of the C. beijerinckii strains studied was able to produce butanol with butanol productivity of 1.23 g/L/day with butanol yield of 0.18 g/g of sugars from the developed medium. High utilization rate of both glucose and xylose was observed in SCB medium during ABE fermentation. This study shows that SCB is a promising substrate for cellulosic biobutanol production.
Dual Play of Chitin‐Derived N‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets Enabling High‐Performance Na‐SeS2 Half/Full Cells
Authors: Ma Jingqi , Gao Lingfeng , Li Shuping , Zeng Ziqi , Zhang Lina , Xie Jia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRoom‐temperature Na−S batteries hold great promise for developing next‐generation battery system with the advantages of abundant resource, high energy density, and long lifetime. However, limited by sluggish kinetics, Na−S batteries frequently suffer from low utilization of active materials, rapid capacity decay during cycling and poor rate capability. Herein, we propose an advanced cathode with SeS2 tightly impregnated in chitin‐derived rich nitrogen carbon nanosheets (termed as CCN/SeS2). The CCN/SeS2 exhibits superb rate capability (422 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1) and long cycle stability (566 mAh g−1 after 470 cycles with a capacity decay rate of 0.056 % per cycle). High content and high loading cathodes are also fabricated to meet the requirement of practical application. The results of electrochemical tests and characterization demonstrate that CCN/SeS2 has preponderance in lowering overpotential and reaction resistances, prompting the diffusion of sodium ions and achieving the uniform deposition of discharge products. For the first time, a full cell based on all‐chitin materials (CCN/SeS2 cathode and CCN anode) is assembled, which exhibits favorable cycling performance over 100 cycles. The as‐obtained cell using a green and low‐cost carbon and SeS2 inheriting the advantages of Se and S may pave a new way to energy storage.
Thymoquinone attenuates oxidative stress of kidney mitochondria and exerts nephroprotective effects in oxonic acid‐induced hyperuricemia rats
Authors: Dera Ayed A. , Rajagopalan Prasanna , Alfhili Mohammad A. , Ahmed Irfan , Chandramoorthy Harish C 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies indicate hyperuricemia as an aggravating factor for kidney diseases progression. Basic research for novel agents to reduce hyperuricemia and kidney abnormalities will be highly rewarding. Herein, we report Thymoquinone (Tq) as an active constituent of Nigella sativa to have renal protective effective against oxonic acid (OA)‐induced hyperuricemia, hypertension, and renal oxidative stress in rat models.MethodsOA 750 mg/kg BW for 12 weeks was used to induce uricemia in Sprague dawley rats. Tq at 10 and 20 mg/kg BW were administered along with OA for treatment groups. Plasma uric acid concentration and systolic blood pressure were measured. Oxidative stress markers, total ATP content, and membrane bound ATPases were measured in renal mitochondria. Anti‐oxidant enzymes were analyzed in the renal tissues. Apoptosis in renal tissue was detected. Key signaling proteins for apoptosis, oxidative stress, and lipid oxidation pathways were determined.ResultsOA induced both circulating uric acid levels and hypertension in the control group which was brought down on Tq treatments. Tq effectively prevented accumulation of uric acid and oxidative stress in the renal tissues. Tq also proved to increase the total ATP content of the renal mitochondria and prevented the apoptosis induced by OA. Tq increased the expressions of phosphorylated Akt, Nrf2, and HO‐1 proteins while decreasing the levels of cleaved caspase‐3 in renal cells.ConclusionIn summary, Tq exhibited protective effects on hyperuricemia‐mediated renal oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormalities which could be mediated by Nrf2/HO‐1, Akt signaling pathways.
A multiplexed in vitro assay system for evaluating human skeletal muscle functionality in response to drug treatment
Authors: Najjar Sarah A. , Smith Alexander S.T. , Long Christopher J. , McAleer Christopher W. , Cai Yunqing , Srinivasan Balaji , Martin Candace , Vandenburgh Herman H. , Hickman James J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn vitro systems that mimic organ functionality have become increasingly important tools in drug development studies. Systems that measure the functional properties of skeletal muscle are beneficial to compound screening studies and also for integration into multiorgan devices. To date, no studies have investigated human skeletal muscle responses to drug treatments at the single myotube level in vitro. This report details a microscale cantilever chip‐based assay system for culturing individual human myotubes. The cantilevers, along with a laser and photo‐detector system, enable measurement of myotube contractions in response to broad‐field electrical stimulation. This system was used to obtain baseline functional parameters for untreated human myotubes, including peak contractile force and time‐to‐fatigue data. The cultured myotubes were then treated with known myotoxic compounds and the resulting functional changes were compared to baseline measurements as well as known physiological responses in vivo. The collected data demonstrate the system's capacity for screening direct effects of compound action on individual human skeletal myotubes in a reliable, reproducible, and noninvasive manner. Furthermore, it has the potential to be utilized for high‐content screening, disease modeling, and exercise studies of human skeletal muscle performance utilizing iPSCs derived from specific patient populations such as the muscular dystrophies.
Transanal total mesorectal excision for locally advanced middle–low rectal cancers
Authors: Thien H H , Hiep P N , Thanh P H , Xuan N T , Trung T N , Vy P T , Dong P X , Hieu M T , Son N H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
This study investigated the results of transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) combined with laparoscopy for locally advanced mid–low rectal cancer.

Methods
Patients with mid–low locally advanced rectal cancer (T3 category or above and/or N+) who underwent rectal resection with TaTME technique were enrolled prospectively. Patients who had distant metastasis, multiple malignancies, intestinal obstruction or perforation, or a clinical complete response to chemoradiotherapy were excluded. Postoperative results, including morbidity, circumferential resection margin (CRM) assessment, short-term survival and functional outcomes, were analysed.

Results
Thirty-eight patients, with 25 mid and 13 low rectal tumours, who had elective resection by TaTME from March 2015 to September 2018 were included. There were 25 men and 13 women. Mean(s.d.) age was 58·2(16·4) years and mean(s.d.) BMI was 24·2(2·5) kg/m2. Tumours were 3–9 cm from the anal verge. Mean(s.d.) duration of surgery was 210(42) min. All patients had hand-sewn anastomoses and protective ileostomies. There were no conversions, abdominal perineal resections or postoperative deaths. Four patients had a complication, including three presacral abscesses, all managed by transanastomotic drainage. At 3 months after ileostomy closure, all patients had perfect continence. Apart from a greater tumour diameter in patients with low rectal cancers (6·0 cm versus 4·6 cm in those with mid rectal tumours; P = 0·035), clinical features were similar in the two groups. CRM positivity was greater for low than for mid rectal tumours (3 of 13 versus 0 of 25 respectively; P = 0·034), and more patients with a low tumour had TME grade 2 (4 of 13 versus 1 of 25; P = 0·038). There was no difference in oncological outcomes at 17 months.

Conclusion
Although this study cohort was small, special attention should be paid to bulky low rectal tumours to reduce the rate of CRM positivity.
A rapid, automatic and accurate assay for quantifying temocillin in human serum and CSF using turbulent flow liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Clinical application
Authors: Petitjean Grégoire , Aman‐Pommier Fabrice , Coudoré François , El Helali Najoua , Le Monnier Alban 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTemocillin is a β‐lactamase‐resistant penicillin used for the treatment of multiple drug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria. To maximize efficacy and avoid adverse effects, the dose regimen has to be quickly adjusted to the clinical situations. This necessitates the development of a rapid, reliable and accurate analytical method. Temocillin and the stable isotopically labeled internal standard ([13C6]‐amoxicillin) were extracted from either serum or cerebrospinal fluid by a turbulent flow liquid chromatographic method and eluted onto an octadecyl‐silica phase with polar endcapping. Mass spectrometry was conducted using an exact mass determination method by electrospray positive ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The LLOQ and ULOQ of the present method were determined to be 0.4 and 200 μg/ml for serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples, respectively. The total analysis time was <7 min. The recovery ranged from 87.7 to 120.8%. Intra‐ and inter‐day precision and trueness were tested at four concentration levels: 0.4, 8, 40 and 160 μg/ml. Values were 6.33 ± 1.53, 8.8 ± 1.3, 8.8 ± 0.36 and 2.1 ± 0.76%, and 5.0 ± 0.54, 9.9 ± 1.0, 5.8 ± 1.6 and 0.1 ± 1.1%, for inter‐ and intra‐day analysis, respectively. Temocillin was found to be stable under all relevant laboratory conditions. The method was cross‐validated with a microbiological assay. This method is suitable for accurate measurement of temocillin concentration in small volumes of serum or cerebrospinal fluid. Thanks to the online extraction procedure, the overall analytical time is compatible with high‐throughput analysis for clinical application.
Recent advances in liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
Authors: Jia Enze , Bartlett Michael G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDepression is now the second largest public health burden throughout the world. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) have replaced older antidepressants to become first‐line medications to treat this disease with increased remission rates and markedly decreased incidence of severe adverse events. Traditional and modern bioanalytical strategies for SSRI and SNRI determination are being continuously improved. There has also been a recent increase in the use of unconventional sample preparation methods. This review critically evaluates the development of SSRI and SNRI liquid chromatographic analytical methods published between 2014 and mid‐2019, with special attention to novel sample preparation methods.
LncRNA LOXL1‐AS1 regulates the tumorigenesis and development of lung adenocarcinoma through sponging miR‐423‐5p and targeting MYBL2
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Biao , Jia Youchao , Shi Hongyun , Wang Haibo , Guo Qiang , Li Hefei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common form of malignant tumor and closely correlated with high risk of death worldwide. Accumulating researches have manifested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are deeply involved in the progression of multiple cancers. LncRNA LOXL1 antisense RNA 1 (LOXL1‐AS1) was identified as an oncogene in several cancers, nonetheless, its biological effect and regulatory mechanism have not been explained in LUAD. Our present study suggested that LOXL1‐AS1 expression was considerably increased in LUAD tissues and cells. Moreover, LOXL1‐AS1 deficiency notably hampered cell proliferation and migration as well as dramatically facilitated cell apoptosis. Through molecular mechanism assays, LOXL1‐AS1 was identified as a cytoplasmic RNA and acted as a sponge of miR‐423‐5p. Furthermore, MYBL2 was targeted and negatively modified by miR‐423‐5p. Rescue experiments revealed that MYBL2 knockdown could counteract miR‐423‐5p repression‐mediated enhancement on the progression of LOXL1‐AS1 downregulated LUAD cells. More importantly, MYBL2 was discovered to interact with LOXL1‐AS1 promoter, indicating a positive feedback loop of LOXL1‐AS1/miR‐423‐5p/MYBL2 in LUAD. These findings manifested the carcinogenic role of LOXL1‐AS1 and LOXL1‐AS1/miR‐423‐5p/MYBL2 feedback loop in LUAD, which could be helpful to explore effective therapeutic strategy for LUAD patients.
Large neck metastasis of hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Ralli Massimo , Di Stadio Arianna , De Vincentiis Marco , Greco Antonio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLateral neck masses may be due to congenital, infectious, or malignant disease. Sometimes, the mass can be the only sign of an asymptomatic cancer. A correct clinical approach and the differential diagnosis are the key points for a correct diagnosis.
Unexpected Isomerization of Hexa‐tert‐butyl‐octaphosphane
Authors: Grell Toni , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOctaphosphane {cyclo‐(P4tBu3)}2 (1) undergoes an unexpected isomerization reaction to the constitutional isomer 2,2′,2′′,2′′′,3,3′‐hexa‐tert‐butyl‐bicyclo[3.3.0]octaphosphane (2) in the presence of Lewis acidic metal salts. The mechanism of this reaction is discussed and elucidated with DFT calculations. The results underline the fascinating similarity between phosphorus‐rich and isolobal carbon compounds. The new bicyclic octaphosphane 2 shows a dynamic behavior in solution and reacts with [AuCl(tht)] (tht=tetrahydrothiophene) to give a mono‐ ([AuCl(2‐κP3)], 3) and a dinuclear complex ([(AuCl)2(2‐κP3,κP3′)], 4). With cis‐[PdCl2(cod)] (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene), the chelate complex ([PdCl2(2‐κ2P2,P2′)], 5) with a different coordination mode of the ligand was obtained.
Recyclable High‐Performance Polymer Electrolyte Based on a Modified Methyl Cellulose–Lithium Trifluoromethanesulfonate Salt Composite for Sustainable Energy Systems
Authors: Kim Seong K. , Yoon Yeoheung , Ryu Ji Hyung , Kim Jeong Hui , Ji Seulgi , Song Wooseok , Myung Sung , Lim Jongsun , Jung Ha‐Kyun , Lee Sun Sook , Lee Jiseok , An Ki‐Seok 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough energy‐storage devices based on Li ions are considered as the most prominent candidates for immediate application in the near future, concerns with regard to their stability, safety, and environmental impact still remain. As a solution, the development of all‐solid‐state energy‐storage devices with enhanced stability is proposed. A new eco‐friendly polymer electrolyte has been synthesized by incorporating lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate into chemically modified methyl cellulose (LiTFS–LiSMC). The transparent and flexible electrolyte exhibits a good conductivity of near 1 mS cm−1. An all‐solid‐state supercapacitor fabricated from 20 wt % LiTFS–LiSMC shows comparable specific capacitances to a standard liquid‐electrolyte supercapacitor and an excellent stability even after 20 000 charge–discharge cycles. The electrolyte is also compatible with patterned carbon, which enables the simple fabrication of micro‐supercapacitors. In addition, the LiTFS–LiSMC electrolyte can be recycled and reused more than 20 times with negligible change in its performance. Thus, it is a promising material for sustainable energy‐storage devices.
Intravital Multiphoton Imaging of the Bone and Bone Marrow Environment
Authors: Kim JungMo , Bixel Maria Gabriele 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOver the last two decades, numerous advances in our understanding of bone cell biology and bone mineral homeostasis have been achieved. As a dynamic connective and supportive tissue, bone is constantly sensing and responding to both external mechanical forces and internal systemic and local signals. A variety of intravital imaging approaches have been investigated to identify molecular and cellular processes and to decipher signaling pathways involved in the cellular communication between different types of bone cells that form bone multicellular units. Furthermore, bone multicellular units interact with cells of the immune and hematopoietic system to maintain bone homeostasis. Bone‐forming osteoblasts and bone‐degrading osteoclasts are situated on the endosteal surface of bone influencing the dynamic remodeling and the regeneration of bone tissue. Osteocytes are found at very unique locations in the bone, closely surrounded by bone matrix, forming a cellular network through their interconnected dendritic processes. Bone marrow cells fill the numerous large cavities inside the bones with various blood cell lineages arising from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. A highly complex and interconnected network of arterial vessels and sinusoidal capillaries span through the bone marrow spaces forming an interface between the blood circulation and the bone marrow which allows cell trafficking between both compartments. Live imaging of animals using multiphoton microscopy represents a powerful approach to address the cellular behaviors of bone and bone marrow cells over time and space in their natural tissue microenvironment. The in vivo environment is crucial, because the dynamic behavior of cells is critically influenced by many tissue factors including extracellular components, cytokine and growth factor gradients, and fluid forces, such as blood flow. The review article focuses upon recent advances in multiphoton imaging technologies as well as novel experimental approaches in the understanding of the dynamic molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying bone tissue homeostasis, remodeling, and regeneration under physiological and pathological conditions. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Synthesis, molecular modeling studies, ADME prediction of arachidonic acid carbamate derivatives, and evaluation of their acetylcholinesterase activity
Authors: Kalin Tugce N. , Kilic Deryanur , Arslan Fatma , Colak Ozlem , Altundas Aliye 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this work, a series of novel anandamide units containing carbamate were designed and synthesized. All the derivatives were evaluated in vitro for their inhibitory potential against the electric eel acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) and showed reversible inhibitions. The compounds 7a, 7d, 7e, and 7f are mixed inhibitors of AChE, while the compounds 7b, 7c, and 7g are uncompetitive (Ki in the range 0.93–8.86 μM). The kinetic studies revealed that compounds 7b, 7c, 7f, and 7g inhibit considerably AChE activity. Molecular docking analyses were made to evaluate the binding type and interactions of the synthesized compounds to the ligand‐binding site of hAChE. It was observed that the docking results were in parallel with the in vitro results. The adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties were computed for the compounds, and were found within the acceptable range. This study suggests the compounds 7b, 7c, 7f, and 7g identified as novel reversible AChE inhibitors may be useful lead compounds for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.