bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between extreme weather events and child undernutrition: evidence from sub-Saharan Africa, 2010–2019
Authors: Petscavage Kenneth , Mutua Martin Kavao , Wagner Abram Luther , Treleaven Emily 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundExtreme weather events, or natural disasters, present a large and increasing threat to human health, infrastructure and food security, including in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where the burden of undernutrition is high. However, research about associations between natural disasters and undernutrition in early childhood is limited.MethodsWe combined anthropometric data of children aged 0–59 months from 51 Demographic and Health Surveys datasets collected from 2010 to 2019 in 30 countries in SSA with information on natural disaster events (flood, drought, other) from the Emergency Events Database database to determine disaster exposure. The analytic sample included 320 479 children. We used generalised estimating equations to predict stunting, wasting and anaemia by disaster exposure and selected covariates.ResultsAlmost 20% (19.7%) of children under five were exposed to a natural disaster in the preceding year. In adjusted analysis, children exposed to at least one disaster in the preceding year had a relative risk (RR) of wasting 1.17 times higher than unexposed children (95% CI 1.12, 1.22). Adjusted models examining exposure to drought or flood consistently estimated higher risks of wasting post-disaster (drought RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.26, 1.47; flood RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02, 1.12). RRs increased when using a 3-month exposure period. However, exposure to natural disaster was not consistently associated with significant differences in RR of stunting or anaemia.ConclusionNatural disasters are prevalent in SSA. Given the high risk of wasting associated with disaster exposure, policymakers should prioritise interventions to address wasting in post-disaster settings.
Diameter thresholds for pure ground-glass pulmonary nodules at low-dose CT screening: Chinese experience
Authors: Ye Wenjun , Fu Wenhai , Li Caichen , Li Jianfu , Xiong Shan , Cheng Bo , Xu Bin , Wang Qixia , Feng Yi , Chen Peiling , He Jianxing , Liang Wenhua 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundLimited research exists on screening thresholds for low-dose CT in detecting malignant pure ground-glass lung nodules (pGGNs) in the Chinese population.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis of the Guangzhou Lung-Care programme was conducted, retrieving average transverse diameter, location, histopathology, frequency and follow-up intervals. Diagnostic performances for ‘lung cancers’ were evaluated using areas under the curve (AUCs), decision curve analysis (DCA), sensitivities and specificities, with thresholds ranging from 5 mm to 10 mm. We divide malignant pGGNs into three groups: (1) minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and invasive adenocarcinoma (IA), (2) atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and MIA and IA and (3) IA-only.ResultsIn ‘MIA+IA’, increasing the threshold from 5 mm to 8 mm improved specificity (60.97% to 88.85%, p<0.001) and positive predictive values (PPVs; 5.87% to 14.88%, p<0.001), but decreased sensitivity (94.44% to 75.56%, p<0.001). Further raising threshold from 8 mm reduced sensitivity (75.56% to 60.00%, p<0.001), while slightly increasing specificity (88.85% to 93.47%, p<0.001) and PPVs (14.88% to 19.15%, p<0.001). Increasing threshold from 5 mm to 7 mm enhanced the AUC for ‘MIA+IA’ (from 0.711 to 0.829), ‘AAH+AIS+MIA+IA’ (from 0.748 to 0.804) and ‘IA-only’ (from 0.783 to 0.833). At 8 mm, the AUCs for these categories were similar. However, increasing the threshold from 7 mm to 10 mm resulted in reduced AUCs for ‘MIA+IA’ (0.829 to 0.767), ‘AAH+AIS+MIA+IA’ (0.804 to 0.744) and ‘IA-only’ (0.833 to 0.800). DCA reveals that the 8 mm predictive model demonstrates greater clinical utility compared with models with other thresholds.ConclusionsIncreasing the diameter threshold for positive results for pGGNs, up to 8 mm could enhance diagnostic performance.Trial registration numberNCT04938804.
Spatial analysis of oil palm growth and soil properties in a plantation in Nigeria
Authors: Awe G.O. , Adepoju B.D. , Omotoye T.A. , Olaoba I.T. , Sylvester W.V. , Bejide A.O. , Machado D.M. 
Published: December 2024

Relationships between spatially correlated soil properties and crop performance at field scale are vital when planning specific site management for sustainable crop production. This study investigated the correlations and relationships between some soil properties and oil palm trunk diameter at breast height (DBH) at the Oil Palm Plantation, Teaching and Research Farm, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, southwest Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 10 cm surface layer at 81 georeferenced points within the plantation to determine soil properties and oil palm trunk DBH. The soil properties and trunk DBH varied widely with particle density, soil pH, bulk density, and field capacity showing least variability (coefficient of variation (CV) < 12%), oil palm trunk DBH, soil organic matter, air capacity, soil texture, soil water content, permanent wilting point, total porosity, and available water showed moderate variability (12.0% < CV < 60.0%), while saturated hydraulic conductivity was highly variable (CV > 60%). Classical linear multiple regression showed that the sand, soil pH, and bulk density could only explain 16% of the variability in DBH, whereas the principal component regression analysis had explained about 72% of the variability in DBH. The minimum suitable sampling interval for spatially independent variables was 10 m (1 lag), while it was the sampling point (0 lag) for spatially dependent variables. The results could be used as baseline data for delineating soil and nutrient management zones for the oil palm plantation and other crops in the study area.
Prevalência e fatores relacionados às reações adversas no tratamento da acne com isotretinoína
Authors: Souza Luma Miranda , Oliveira Mariana Moura , Lima David Fernandes , Lopes Johnnatas Mikael , Lopes Matheus Rodrigues , Almeida Isnaia Firminia de Souza 
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de reações adversas com a utilização do fármaco isotretinoína em pacientes submetidos ao tratamento de acne e as características relacionadas ao desfecho. Métodos: Estudo observacional do tipo transversal analítico com dados secundários obtidos por meio da análise de 120 prontuários de pacientes com acne submetidos ao tratamento com isotretinoína oral, no período de 2010 a 2019. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 21,3 anos, com distribuição similar em relação ao sexo. A prevalência de reações adversas foi de 83%, com média de 2,3 reações/paciente. A prevalência de algum tipo de reação adversa ao uso da isotretinoína foi de 82,5%. Constatou-se correlação positiva entre o número de reações adversas e o tempo de tratamento (p<0,0001; r=0,51). O tempo de tratamento foi relacionado ao surgimento de reações adversas, independentemente do sexo, idade, dose e grau da acne (p=0,001). Xerodermia e ressecamento de mucosas foram as reações adversas mais comuns (78,3%), enquanto a alopecia foi mais comum no sexo feminino, sendo em torno de cinco vezes mais frequente do que no sexo masculino (p=0,03). Conclusão: A prevalência de reações adversas durante o uso da isotretinoína foi alta. A quantidade de reações adversas foi associada apenas ao tempo de tratamento, independentemente do sexo, idade e dosagem de isotretinoína.
The neural basis of event segmentation: Stable features in the environment are reflected by neural states
Authors: Oetringer Djamari , Gözükara Dora , Güçlü Umut , Geerligs Linda 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Our senses receive a continuous stream of complex information. Parsing this information into meaningful events allows us to extract relevant information, remember it, and act upon it. Previous research has related these events to so-called neural states: temporally and regionally specific stable patterns of brain activity, which tend to coincide with events in the stimulus. Neural states show a temporal cortical hierarchy: short states are present in early sensory areas, while longer states can be found in higher-level areas. Here we investigated what these neural states represent. We hypothesized that states at different levels of the cortical hierarchy are shaped by aspects of the stimulus to which these brain areas are responsive. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed fMRI data of participants watching a movie, using a data-driven method to identify the neural states. We found support for the aforementioned hypothesis: specifically the parahippocampal place area and retrosplenial cortex, known to be sensitive to places, showed an alignment between neural state boundaries and moments in the movie with a change in location, independent of changes in visual features and other covariates. These findings suggest that neural states reflect stable features in the (internal model of) the external environment, and that the cortical temporal hierarchy partly reflects the temporal scales at which representations of the environment evolve.
The Intertwining Relationship between Acculturation and Space
Authors: Haque Maliha , Khatun Hafiza 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
During the partition of India, Muslims from India migrated to Bangladesh, where they started to be known as Bihari. But years of cultural dissimilarities and political conflict in 1971 with the local Bengalis forced most of them to live in camps dispersed across the country. The goal of this study was to determine whether the Bihari community’s degree of acculturation is influenced by the geographical locations of the camps. The aim of the research is to understand how geography affects acculturation and vice versa. The research objectives were supported by direct interviews, key informant interviews (KII) and camp observations in three distinct locations. According to the study, hosts and camp-residents from various spatial backgrounds integrated with each other in different ways. It found that a camp that offered better opportunity for Bihari–Bengali interaction, less communal conflict and a more tolerant attitude towards the dominant group assimilated better with the native population.
Locative alternation in Proto-Indo-European
Authors: Ginevra Riccardo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
I argue for the reconstruction within Proto-Indo-European morpho-syntax of the phenomenon of “Locative Alternation”, i.e. the alternation for the same verb between a locatum-as-object construction (e.g., English spray paint onto the wall) and a location-as-object construction (e.g., English spray the wall with paint). Drawing inspiration from Iwata’s (2008) lexical-constructional approach to the phenomenon, I discuss its possible relevance to the reconstruction of the morpho-syntax and semantics of PIE verbal formations belonging to three PIE polysemous roots, namely *leu̯g- ‘bend, make bent, twisted, not straight; enclose’, *u̯el- ‘roll round, coil; enclose, enfold’, and *pleh1- ‘be abundant, much; be full, filled’.
A database and interactive identification key for the anatomy of woods of the Ethiopian Afromontane Forest
Authors: Bodin Stéphanie C. , Beldados Alemseged , Lulekal Ermias , Wondafrash Melaku , Angesom Friyat , Tarekegn Tefera , Neumann Katharina 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Identifying wood and wood charcoal from sub-tropical to tropical regions is challenging, due to the high floristic diversity. This is especially true for the Horn of Africa, characterized by a high degree of endemism, for which no wood anatomy atlas is available. Yet, there is a strong need for anatomical descriptions and identification tools, in particular concerning archaeobotanical research.
Numerous rock shelters in the Ethiopian highlands provide rich charcoal assemblages. Their study is of utmost interest to decipher past human-vegetation relationships. Many of these sites are located in the Afromontane Forest, the potential natural vegetation of the highlands within the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot, hosting 483 dicot woody species.
Here, we present the first wood database for the species of the Ethiopian Afromontane Forest. It is set up on the online open-access platform Xper3 and includes an interactive identification key. The anatomical features follow the IAWA nomenclature and include additional ones, to improve the identification process. The database comprises wood anatomical descriptions of (1) 68 species from the wood reference collections of Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, and Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; (2) 72 species from InsideWood and (3) 92 genera/species from specialized literature. The database also includes original pictures taken on samples from the reference collections. Our original coded descriptions and pictures are also available in InsideWood.
Effects of salt concentration, temperature, and blanching time on insect protein extraction yield: optimisation by response surface methodology
Authors: Kim Y.J. , Kim T.K. , Choi Y.J. , Yu H.H. , Kang M.C. , Cha J.Y. , Jang H.W. , Choi Y.S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to optimise the protein extraction yield from black soldier fly larvae by employing a blanching process to enhance protein solubility and mitigate oxidation. Through response surface methodology, we determined the optimal blanching conditions, with the temperature set at 85.152 °C, a duration of 12.411 s, and a sodium chloride concentration of 0.46 M. These parameters were selected to maximise protein solubility while minimising oxidation. The results of this study reveal significant improvements in protein functionality after blanching, particularly with respect to increased emulsification stability. Notably, no significant effect on foam formation was observed. These findings underscore the efficacy of blanching as a pre-processing step to enhance the quality of proteins extracted from black soldier fly larvae. Moreover, these optimised conditions have promising applications in various food and feed formulations, contributing to sustainable protein sourcing and processing methods. By addressing key challenges related to food security and environmental sustainability, this study provides valuable insights into the utilisation of insect proteins as an alternative protein source in the face of global challenges, such as climate change and dwindling natural resources.
Rituals of Liberation
Authors: Monahan Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article argues that sites of coercion and oppression are generated through repeated acts or “ritual practices” that serve to shape psychic space. The author draws on Simone de Beauvoir’s account of oppression to articulate three different categories of “sites of coercion”—geographic, embodied, and spiritual—and argues that amelioration of such sites of coercion requires the cultivation of “rituals of liberation,” which serve to restructure psychic space in ways that foster genuine reciprocity.
Did the Original Scribes Write the Distigmai in Codex Vaticanus B of the Bible (Vat. gr. 1209)?
Authors: Gordon Nehemia , Andrist Patrick , Hahn Oliver , Vasileiadis Pavlos D. , Calvillo Nelson , Rabin Ira 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The fourth-century Greek Bible manuscript Codex Vaticanus B (Vat. gr. 1209) contains pairs of horizontally aligned marginal dots known as distigmai, which correspond to textual variants in other manuscripts. The production of the distigmai has been variously dated to the 4th or 16th centuries. A fourth-century date would prove the early existence of hundreds of textual variants, many of which are otherwise only witnessed by later manuscripts. Near infrared microscope reflectography combined with micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy proved that the distigmai, both those categorized as “apricot” (which are visually similar to the ink of the original main text) and “chocolate” (which are visually similar to the reinking of the main text) were written with ink(s) made from chemically purified vitriol, a process that only became standard in the 16th century. As a result, there is no reasonable chance that the distigmai were written in the fourth century. Horizontal lines that have been hypothesized to function as text-critical obeloi were written in the same ink as the original main text, which differs completely from that of the distigmai. In other words, the distigmai and horizontal lines tested were not produced during the same writing session and are separated by more than 1,000 years, making it impossible for them to have functioned as conjoining text-critical symbols in the 4th century.
Core genes and immune dysregulation in primary open-angle glaucoma: A molecular insight
Authors: Li Zhongmin , Wang Jing , Chang Qing , Chen Zufeng , Guo Xiaohui , Wang Houhong , Fang Yan 
Published: December 2024

Background Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a chronic, progressive and irreversible eye disease. Currently, there is no effective way to prevent optic nerve damage. Objective This study explored POAG gene markers to identify high-risk groups at an early stage and to find new effective therapeutic targets. Methods The mRNA and clinical information of POAG patients and normal samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Through Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and generalized linear models (GLM), random forests (RF), support vector machines (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting (xGB) models, key risk genes were identified and an early diagnosis model was established. Functional enrichment analysis and CIBERSORT algorithm were used to further reveal the changes in the POAG immune environment and find emerging therapeutic targets. Results HERPUD1, IQCK, MRPL40, SRSF7 and TMEM243 were identified as risk genes, and the prediction model and nomogram constructed based on them had good early prediction efficiency. At the mechanistic level, the heterogeneity of T cell subsets seems to be a key factor affecting the progression of POAG and has potential therapeutic value. Conclusions HERPUD1, IQCK, MRPL40, SRSF7, and TMEM243 are of great significance for the early prediction and disease progression of POAG and have the potential value of becoming therapeutic targets.
Curation and validation of electronic medical record-based dementia diagnoses in the VA Million Veteran Program
Authors: Merritt Victoria C , Zhang Rui , Sherva Richard , Ly Monica T , Marra David , Panizzon Matthew S , Tsuang Debby W , Hauger Richard L ,   The MVP Cognitive Decline and Dementia During Aging Working Group, VA Million Veteran Program, Logue Mark W 
Published: December 2024

Background The age distribution and diversity of the VA Million Veteran Program (MVP) cohort make it a valuable resource for studying the genetics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD). Objective We present and evaluate the performance of several International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code-based classification algorithms for AD, ADRD, and dementia for use in MVP genetic studies and other studies using VA electronic medical record (EMR) data. These were benchmarked relative to existing ICD algorithms and AD-medication-identified cases. Methods We used chart review of n = 103 MVP participants to evaluate diagnostic utility of the algorithms. Suitability for genetic studies was examined by assessing association with APOE ε4, the strongest genetic AD risk factor, in a large MVP cohort (n = 286 K). Results The newly developed MVP-ADRD algorithm performed well, comparable to the existing PheCode dementia algorithm (Phe-Dementia) in terms of sensitivity (0.95 and 0.95) and specificity (0.65 and 0.70). The strongest APOE ε4 associations were observed in cases identified using MVP-ADRD and Phe-Dementia augmented with medication-identified cases (MVP-ADRD or medication, p = 3.6 ×10−290; Phe-Dementia or medication, p = 1.4 ×10−290). Performance was improved when cases were restricted to those with onset age ≥60. Conclusions We found that our MVP-developed ICD-based algorithms had good performance in chart review and generated strong genetic signals, especially after inclusion of medication-identified cases. Ultimately, our MVP-derived algorithms are likely to have good performance in the broader VA, and their performance may also be suitable for use in other large-scale EMR-based biobanks in the absence of definitive biomarkers such as amyloid-PET and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Comorbid Dementia and Diabetes: The Evidence So Far
Authors: Donat Ergin Busra , Gadsby-Davis Kieran , Mattishent Katharina , Dhatariya Ketan , Garner Nikki , Hornberger Michael 
Published: December 2024

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dementia are two of the leading chronic diseases in aging and are known to influence each other’s disease progression. There is well-established evidence that T2DM increases the risk for cognitive decline and dementia. At the same time, people with cognitive changes or dementia can find it difficult to manage their diabetes, resulting in hyper- or hypoglycemic events which can exacerbate the dementia disease progression further. Monitoring of glucose variability is, therefore, of critical importance during aging and when people with T2DM develop dementia. The advent of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has allowed the monitoring of glucose variability in T2DM more closely. The CGM seems to be highly feasible and acceptable to use in older people with T2DM and has been shown to significantly reduce their hypoglycemic events, often resulting in falls. Less is known as to whether CGM can have a similar beneficial effect on people with T2DM who have cognitive impairment or dementia in community or hospital settings. Aims: The current perspective will explore how CGM has made an impact on T2DM management in older people and those with comorbid cognitive impairment or dementia. We will further explore opportunities and challenges of using CGM in comorbid T2DM and dementia in community and hospital settings.