bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review for the role of systemic thrombolysis in intermediate-risk (submassive) pulmonary embolism
Authors: Seif Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: January 2020

Background: Pulmonary emboli (PE) represents an extended spectrum of diseases. 10% of submassive PE progress to massive PE, and while overall mortality is around 5%, it can reach 30%, highlighting the potential severity of submassive PE. Treatment of low and high-risk PE is rather straightforward. However, treating intermediate risk PE is challenging due to the potential risks associated with aggressive therapy. We assessed the effect of adding thrombolytic therapy to standard treatment with heparin on short-term mortality, clinical deterioration, and bleeding in intermediate-risk PE cases. Intermediate-risk PE in this systematic review is objectively confirmed PE either by computer tomography (CT) or ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scan in normotensive patients (systolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg) with evidence of right ventricular strain by echocardiography or CT with or without evidence of myocardial injury by raised cardiac biomarkers. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, OvidSP Platform, Google Scholar, BestBETs, The Cochrane Library - Databases, American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), American Heart Association (AHA), European Society of Cardiology (ESC), American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), and NICE guidelines from 1946 to the 21st March 2018. References of retrieved articles were reviewed for other possibly related citations. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were studied and appraised using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (). Results: From 66 potentially relevant studies, six RCTs were published between 2002 and 2017 and included in this systematic review (). A total of 1568 patients were enrolled: 747 received thrombolytic therapy with alteplase (two trials, 155 patients) or tenecteplase (four trials, 592 patients), and 821 were treated with heparin only. None of these RCTs proved that adding thrombolytic therapy to standard anticoagulant treatment statistically decreased early mortality. The five studies looking at clinical deterioration proved that thrombolysis was beneficial. Five out of six RCTs resulted in a non-significant difference in major bleeding prevalence. Only the PEITHO trial proved the opposite. The incidence of minor bleeding was significantly higher in the four studies in which it was measured (). Conclusions: Currently, there is inadequate evidence to support the use of systematic thrombolysis for patients with acute intermediate-risk PE. Although it may prevent clinical deterioration which necessitates escalation of treatment in the short term, it comes with increased risk of bleeding. Individual risk-benefit patient assessment and shared decision making may be wise until better evidence to proceed otherwise is demonstrated. Larger clinical trials concerning reduced thrombolytic doses and prolonged infusion rate is essential.
Alternativa para redução do consumo de água potável no processo da indústria de transformação de plásticos
Authors: Melo Daniele Daniele de Castro Pessoa de , Freitas Domingos Joaquim de 
Published: January 2020

O aproveitamento das águas da chuva vem sendo utilizado para diminuir os impactos ambientais causados pelos mais diversos setores industriais, pois estas águas podem ser utilizadas em uma parte do processo ou em substituição total da água necessária, variando de acordo com as demandas e o porte da fábrica ou sistema utilizado. Diante disso, este trabalho buscou avaliar a viabilidade econômica e técnica do uso das águas pluviais no processo de produção de pré-formas (PET) reduzindo em torno de 20% do consumo de água potável, em uma indústria de transformação situada no município de Cabo de Santo Agostinho, estado de Pernambuco. Para tanto foram testados métodos de dimensionamentos distintos, bem como analises físico-químicas da água coletada na região. A escolha do método mais adequado deu-se pelos critérios de maior índice de confiança, percentual de atendimento da demanda em torno de 20% e menor payback. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a demanda hídrica da indústria avaliada apresenta uma média diária de consumo igual a 47,04 m3, e a possibilidade de implantação do sistema com capacidade de 250 m3, com potencial de captação de água pluvial da ordem de 20% da demanda total, com uma economia estimada em $ 14.695,5 por ano e com payback de 30 meses.
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) in Relapse Cases of Nephrotic Syndrome in Filarial Endemic Region: A Case Series
Authors: Gohil Jayendra R , Vagh Tanmay P , Patel Dimpal , Patel Asha 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Incidence of nephrotic syndrome (NS) and filariasis both is high in China, Japan & India. Studies have shown the association of filariasis in NS. In the coastal belt of Gujarat, Filariasis occurs as the mosquito responsible is still prevalent. Therefore, filariasis association may be causing persistence of oedema in NS relapse cases. After a 7th relapse patient was treated successfully with diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC), we decided to observe the effect of DEC on weight loss and urine protein, in relapse patients of NS.
Case Details: In relapse patients of NS, DEC was given by oral route in the dose of 72 mg/kg/cycle for 7 days. Weight record and urine protein were measured daily. Steroid as Tab prednisolone was administered at 2 mg/k/d.
Outcome: The 1st case was a steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome with the 7th relapse; she had been on prednisolone and Levamisol for 3 years. DEC was started on day 3 of admission and response was seen on the 5th day. Urinary protein became nil on day 10, and the patient has been relapse free for 1 year. In each of the other 4 cases with 1st, 2nd, 2nd and 4th relapse respectively, the response of DEC was seen within 2 days. Thus, after starting DEC weight and urine protein reduced within 2 days in 5 relapse cases. Filaria was not detected in blood film of any patient and Elisa tests done in 2 were negative.
Conclusion: Randomized studies with controls and better filarial detection methods are required for DEC to be considered as an add-on drug in relapse cases of NS in, Filarial endemic regions, as it is faster acting, effective, similar to Levamisol and safe.
Climate Change Induced Human Displacement in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Flood in 2017 in Char in Gaibandha District
Authors: Hossain Babul , Ryakitimbo Crispin Magige , Sohel Md. Salman 
Published: January 2020

This study seeks to investigate the livelihood patterns of the climate-induced people migrated by the flood in 2017 in the char areas. At the same time, examines a number of outcomes i.e. causes of displacement, demographic and socio-economic conditions of the affected people and the opportunities to obtain the local public services. A triangulation approach has been employed, where respectably qualitative and quantitative data have been obtained through focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, participant observation and a household questionnaire survey. The data have been collected from three unions of two Upazila (sub-district) in the Gaibandha district. The results reveal that the flood-affected displaced people were migrated to the close at hand places owing to their economic vulnerability, damage of physical properties. And they were suffering adequately for their joblessness, scarcity of housing, health issues, and lower opportunities to the local civic amenities. The exploratory findings would be a crucial thoughtfulness for the disaster policymakers, managers, and civil societies.
Zingiber zerumbet Rhizome Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Mosquito Larvicidal Activities
Authors: Huong Le T. , V. Chinh Hoang , T. G. An Nguyen , T. Viet Nguyen , H. Hung Nguyen , T. H. Thuong Nguyen , O. Giwa-Ajeniya Abdulatif , A. Ogunwande Isiaka 
Published: January 2020

Aims: In the present study, the chemical constituents, antimicrobial and larvicidal potentials of hydrodistilled essential oil from the rhizome of Zingiber zerumbet were evaluated.
Study Design: The study was designed in different phases which are: collection of mature rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet, hydrodistillation of essential oils, chemical analysis of the essential oils, determination of the antimicrobial potential and evaluation of larvicidal activity.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at School of Natural Science, Vinh University, Vinh City, Nghệ An Province, Vietnam. The duration of the study was between August and December 2018.
Methodology: The rhizomes of Z. zerumbet were collected from Bến En National Park, Thanh Hóa Province, Vietnam, in August 2018. The air-dry sample was subjected to hydrodistillation process using Clevenger-apparatus to obtained essential oils. We evaluated the larvicidal potential of the oil against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus at 24 h and 48 h according to World Health Organisation protocol. The antimicrobial activity (MIC) was determined by microdilution broth susceptibility assay. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism (version 7.02). The LC50 values, LC90 values and 95% confidence limits were obtained by using XLSTAT v. 2018.5.
Results: The most abundant compound of the essential oil was zerumbone (51.3%). The essential oil showed mortality of 98.3% (24 h) and 100% (48 h) against the Ae. albopictus at concentration of 100 µg/mL. In the same vein, mortality of 100% was displayed against Cx. quinquefasciatus under the tested time and concentration. The essential oil exhibited larvicidal activity towards Cx. quinquefasciatus showing minimum lethal concentrations, LC50, values of 33.28 mg/mL (24 h) and 21.81 mg/mL (48 h). The LC50 values of 55.75 µg/mL and 36.22 µg/mL at 24 h and 48 h respectively were obtained against Ae. albopictus. The result of the antimicrobial test indicated that Z. zerumbet oil inhibited the growth of Aspergillus niger (ATCC 9763) with MIC of 50.0 µg/mL.
Conclusion: Results demonstrated that the essential oil of Z. zerumbet was effective in the control of tested mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus and the microbe, Aspergillus niger.
The Effect of Chemical Seed Treatments on Managing Chocolate Spot [Botrytis fabae (S.)] of Faba Bean at Welkayt and Tsegedie, Western Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebregergs Gebremedhn 
Published: January 2020

Faba bean (Vicia faba (L).) is one of the important legume crops of the world, mainly it is cash crop and important source of nitrogen in the human diet which corrects the important amino acid deficiencies in cereals. It is considered too low in productivity and chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae S.), is one of the economically important fungal disease. Seed treatment using chemical inducers is one of the management options used to control the seed and soil borne diseases. Therefore, research was conducted to determine the efficacy of seed treatment chemicals on controlling chocolate spot and enhance productivity of faba bean. Six (6) seed treatment chemicals, one Cow urine and untreated seed as control were used to manage chocolate spot at Welkayt and Tsegedie under field condition during the 2015 and 2016 main growing seasons in randomized complete block design with three replications. A variety called “Welqi” was used. Combined analysis of variance in locations showed statistically significant at (P≤0.05) among the treatments of yield and disease reaction data. Minimum disease severity was recorded in Salicylic acid (31.31%) and maximum severity in the control (62.53%). Highest grain yield was obtained from the Salicylic acid treated seed (3198 kg ha-1) and the lowest grain yield was from Ascorbic acid (2231 kg ha-1) non-significant with the control (2488 kg ha-1). Salicylic acid and Apronstar were effective in managing chocolate spot providing more than 18.73% yield advantage in faba bean growing areas so that faba bean productivity could be enhanced though the application of these seed treatment chemicals. Therefore, our faba bean producing farmers has to use the salicylic acid in 10 mM concentration to manage chocolate spot below the threshold level.
Assessment of Serum Anti-mullerian Hormone Level, Antral Follicle Count and Age as Indicators of Ovarian Reserve Response in Women Diagnosed with Infertility in Abia State, South Eastern Nigeria
Authors: S. Bartimaeus Ebirien-Agana , E. J. Obi Chukwuma , O. Igwe Felix , O. Nwachuku Edna 
Published: January 2020

Aim: This study aimed at assessing serum anti-mullerian hormone level, antral follicle count and age as indicators of ovarian reserve response in women diagnosed with infertilility.
Methodology: Subjects comprised of 200 females: 150 subjects and 50 controls, aged < 20 and up to 49 years, stratified into age < 20 years (control), age 20-29 years (group 1), age 30-39 years (group 2) and age 40-49 years (group 3). About 5 ml of blood sample for AMH determination was collected on day 2-3 of spontaneous menstrual cycle from all groups and control and serum anti-mullerian hormone analyzed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Baseline transvaginal ultrasound scanning was carried out on the subjects in experimental groups and control on day 2-3 of un-stimulated menstrual cycle for the measurement of antral follicle count, using the 2-dimensional plane.
Results: The means±SEM of serum anti-mullerian hormone by experimental groups was 1602.44 ± 54.42 pg/ml for control, 848.06±23.04 pg/ml for group 1, 26.74±1.28 pg/ml for group 2, while group 3 is 10.37±1.26 pg/ml. The means were significantly different (P<0.0001). The mean±SEM of AFC by experimental groups was control; 7.82±0.14, group 1; 5.46±0.18, 1.78±0.10 for group 2, and 0.70±0.08 for group 3. The means of antral follicle count by experimental groups showed significant difference (p<0.0001). Results showed that anti-mullerian hormone level and antral follicle count decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the age of the subjects increases. Subjects in the control and experimental group 1 showed 100% high anti-mullerian hormone level indicating 100% potential of good ovarian response. The antral follicle count result also indicate that 100% and 75% of the control group and experimental group 1 respectively show good ovarian reserve. The ovarian response and reserve in the subjects decreased substantially as the age of the subjects increased. Positive correlations were also observed between the AMH and AFC across the ages of the population studied.
Conclusion: The study reveals that good ovarian response and reserve in the population is related to the age of the subjects.
Online identification of time‐delay jump Markov autoregressive exogenous systems with recursive expectation‐maximization algorithm
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhao Shunyi , Liu Fei 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis article considers the identification problem of the jump Markov autoregressive exogenous (JMARX) systems with unknown invariant time‐delay under the framework of recursive expectation‐maximization (REM) algorithm. In this article, a recursive Q‐function is formulated for the JMARX systems, based on which the recursive sufficient statistics are obtained. Then, the parameter vectors, variance, transition probability matrix, and time‐delay are recursively estimated. A numerical example and a simulated continuous fermentation reactor process are employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Balancing Ionic and Electronic Conduction for High‐Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Savva Achilleas , Hallani Rawad , Cendra Camila , Surgailis Jokubas , Hidalgo Tania C. , Wustoni Shofarul , Sheelamanthula Rajendar , Chen Xingxing , Kirkus Mindaugas , Giovannitti Alexander , Salleo Alberto , McCulloch Iain , Inal Sahika 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConjugated polymers that support mixed (electronic and ionic) conduction are in demand for applications spanning from bioelectronics to energy harvesting and storage. To design polymer mixed conductors for high‐performance electrochemical devices, relationships between the chemical structure, charge transport, and morphology must be established. A polymer series bearing the same p‐type conjugated backbone with increasing percentage of hydrophilic, ethylene glycol side chains is synthesized, and their performance in aqueous electrolyte gated organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) is studied. By using device physics principles and electrochemical analyses, a direct relationship is found between the OECT performance and the balanced mixed conduction. While hydrophilic side chains are required to facilitate ion transport—thus enabling OECT operation—swelling of the polymer is not de facto beneficial for balancing mixed conduction. It is shown that heterogeneous water uptake disrupts the electronic conductivity of the film, leading to OECTs with lower transconductance and slower response times. The combination of in situ electrochemical and structural techniques shown here contributes to the establishment of the structure–property relations necessary to improve the performance of polymer mixed conductors and subsequently of OECTs.
Engineering Versatile Nanoparticles for Near‐Infrared Light‐Tunable Drug Release and Photothermal Degradation of Amyloid β
Authors: Lai Yi , Zhu Yingying , Xu Zhiai , Hu Xianli , Saeed Madiha , Yu Haijun , Chen Xingxing , Liu Jun , Zhang Wen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNanomedicines that inhibit/disassemble amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are highly desirable yet remain challenging. Therapeutic efficacy and systemic delivery of reported molecules and nanoparticles (NPs) are hampered by various challenges, including low biocompatibility, off‐target toxicity, and lack of specificity. Herein, a versatile NP is designed by integrating high Aβ‐binding affinity, stimuli‐responsive drug release, and photothermal degradation properties for efficient disassembly of Aβ. Near‐infrared (NIR)‐absorbing conjugated polymer PDPP3T‐O14 serves as a photothermal core while thermal‐responsive polymer 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine at the outer layer as the NIR‐stimuli gatekeeper. Curcumin, an inhibitor of Aβ aggregation, is loaded into the NP with high encapsulation efficiency. The 5‐mer β‐sheet breaker peptides LPFFD (Leu‐Pro‐Phe‐Phe‐Asp) having high binding affinity toward Aβ are further anchored onto the surface of polyethylene glycol‐lipid shell for active Aβ‐targeting. The resultant NPs exhibit good Aβ‐targeting ability and obvious photothermal dissociation effect together with Aβ aggregation‐dependent fluorescence detection capability. Upon NIR laser irradiation, entrapped curcumin can be effectively released from the unconsolidated NPs to enhance the anti‐amyloid activity. In vitro studies demonstrate that the NPs dramatically lower Aβ‐induced cytotoxicity of PC12 cells, and therefore show great potential for the application in AD treatment.
Ultrahigh Responsivity Photodetectors of 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks Integrated on Graphene
Authors: Xiong Yifeng , Liao Qiaobo , Huang Zhengping , Huang Xin , Ke Can , Zhu Hengtian , Dong Chenyu , Wang Haoshang , Xi Kai , Zhan Peng , Xu Fei , Lu Yanqing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract2D materials exhibit superior properties in electronic and optoelectronic fields. The wide demand for high‐performance optoelectronic devices promotes the exploration of diversified 2D materials. Recently, 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as next‐generation layered materials with predesigned π‐electronic skeletons and highly ordered topological structures, which are promising for tailoring their optoelectronic properties. However, COFs are usually produced as solid powders due to anisotropic growth, making them unreliable to integrate into devices. Here, by selecting tetraphenylethylene monomers with photoelectric activity, elaborately designed photosensitive 2D‐COFs with highly ordered donor‐acceptor topologies are in situ synthesized on graphene, ultimately forming COF‐graphene heterostructures. Ultrasensitive photodetectors are successfully fabricated with the COFETBC–TAPT‐graphene heterostructure and exhibited an excellent overall performance with a photoresponsivity of ≈3.2 × 107 A W−1 at 473 nm and a time response of ≈1.14 ms. Moreover, due to the high surface area and the polarity selectivity of COFs, the photosensing properties of the photodetectors can be reversibly regulated by specific target molecules. The research provides new strategies for building advanced functional devices with programmable material structures and diversified regulation methods, paving the way for a generation of high‐performance applications in optoelectronics and many other fields.
Nacre‐Inspired Mineralized Films with High Transparency and Mechanically Robust Underwater Superoleophobicity
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhang Pengchao , Zang Ruhua , Fan Junbing , Wang Shutao , Wang Bailiang , Meng Jingxin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnderwater superoleophobic materials have shown promising applications in various fields, especially in the highly frequent oil‐spill accidents. However, the transparency and mechanical properties of existing underwater superoleophobic materials are generally mutually exclusive. In this work, a transparent and mechanically robust underwater superoleophobic film is presented by combining superspreading and biomineralization. Unlike the conventional hydrogel‐based materials, the transparent mineralized film exhibits significantly improved mechanical properties, which lead to a robust underwater superoleophobicity and an ultralow oil adhesion. Such a bioinspired mineralized film can be coated on various transparent supporting materials such as glass, polystyrene (PS), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and polypropylene (PP), showing promising applications in various fields, such as goggles, underwater cameras, and submarines.
Simulating switchgrass biomass productivity using ALMANAC. I. Calibration of soil water
Authors: Rocateli Alexandre C. , Ashworth A. J. , West C. P. , Brye K. R. , Popp M. P. , Kiniry J. R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSoil water supply plays a key role in driving switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) yield, and therefore is an important parameter for crop‐model accuracy. ALMANAC (Agricultural Land Management Alternative with Numerical Assessment Criteria) model has been applied to simulating switchgrass growth with mixed results. The objective was to develop and test a calibration for ALMANAC simulating soil water dynamics in a switchgrass (‘Alamo’) stand under Arkansas conditions. Soil volumetric water content (SW) profiles were measured daily in switchgrass from May 2009 to February 2013. Soil, crop, and weather input data were developed based on in situ measurements. After identifying the most sensitive parameters in SW simulation, a calibration method was proposed, and the parameters initial soil water (FFC), permanent wilting point (U), field capacity (FC), sand content (SAN), silt content (SIL), pH, and maximum stomatal conductance (GSI) were modified. Daily SW simulation outputs from default and calibrated runs were compared to SW observations. Default Willmott agreement d‐index values were lower than the calibrated d‐index values in all years. Therefore, calibration improved simulation accuracy. Calibration accuracy was greater in 2009 and 2010 than in 2011 and 2012. Lower root mean square error of calibrated versus observed SW data confirmed the elevated d‐index values. Lower accuracy in the latter years was related to drought periods when ALMANAC was unable to mimic switchgrass drought adaption by lowering GSI. Calibration of SW in ALMANAC was aided by using site‐specific soil data. Improvement of SW calibration for drought‐resistant plants may be achieved by quantifying GSI dynamics.