bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Democracy, Capacity, and Coercion in Pandemic Response: COVID-19 in Comparative Political Perspective
Authors: Kavanagh Matthew M. , Singh Renu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has challenged governments around the world. It also has challenged conventional wisdom and empirical understandings in the comparative politics and policy of health. Three major questions present themselves: First, some of the countries considered to be most prepared—having the greatest capacity for outbreak response—have failed to respond effectively to the pandemic. How should our understanding of capacity shift in light of COVID-19, and how can we incorporate political capacity into thinking about pandemic preparedness? Second, several of the mechanisms through which democracy has been shown to be beneficial for health have not traveled well to explain the performance of governments in this pandemic. Is there an authoritarian advantage in disease response? Third, after decades in which coercive public health measures have increasingly been considered counterproductive, COVID-19 has inspired widespread embrace of rigid lockdowns, isolation, and quarantine enforced by police. Will these measures prove effective in the long run and reshape public health thinking? This article explores some of these questions with emerging examples, even amid the pandemic, when it is too soon to draw conclusions.
Improving Quality as a Solution to the Health Care Cost Problem? Health Policy Experts and the Promotion of a Controversial Idea
Authors: Lepont Ulrike 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Context: In the late 2000s, the contention that quality improvements achieved by reforms in the delivery of care would slow the growth of costs throughout the US health care system became the predominant strategy for cost containment in the discourses and programs of all the 2008 presidential candidates. The question that this paper addresses is why, despite all of the critiques of this idea (especially those of the Congressional Budget Office), what the author terms the quality solution has remained credible enough to be a possible argument in policy makers' discourses and programs. To answer this question, the article explores the role of health policy experts—who are expected to provide credibility and legitimacy to proposals defended by policy makers—in supporting and diffusing this quality solution.
Methods: The empirical research combines written sources with evidence from 78 interviews.
Findings: This article highlights the political factors that explain the rise and growing prominence of the quality solution in the community of policy analysts: the political support for delivery reform–oriented research since the 1980s and also the importance of political calculations for prominent health policy experts.
Conclusions: This policy history contributes to works that underscore the political dimension of policy analysis.
Transgelin-2 and phosphoregulation of the LIC2 subunit of dynein govern mitotic spindle orientation
Authors: Sharma Amit , Dagar Sunayana , Mylavarapu Sivaram V. S. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
The molecular motor dynein is essential for mitotic spindle orientation, which defines the axis of cell division. The light intermediate chain subunits, LIC1 and LIC2, define biochemically and functionally distinct vertebrate dynein complexes, with LIC2-dynein playing a crucial role in ensuring spindle orientation. We reveal a novel, mitosis-specific interaction of LIC2-dynein with the cortical actin-bundling protein transgelin-2. Transgelin-2 is required for maintaining proper spindle length, equatorial metaphase chromosome alignment, spindle orientation and timely anaphase onset. We show that transgelin-2 stabilizes the cortical recruitment of LGN-NuMA, which together with dynein is required for spindle orientation. The opposing actions of transgelin-2 and LIC2-dynein maintain optimal cortical levels of LGN-NuMA. In addition, we show that the highly conserved serine 194 phosphorylation of LIC2 is required for proper spindle orientation, by maintaining mitotic centrosome integrity to ensure optimal astral microtubule nucleation. The work reveals two specific mechanisms through which LIC2-dynein regulates mitotic spindle orientation; namely, through a new interactor transgelin-2, which is required for engagement of LGN-NuMA with the actin cortex, and through mitotic phosphoregulation of LIC2 to control microtubule nucleation from the poles.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
A new pipeline for pathophysiological analysis of the mammary gland based on organoid transplantation and organ clearing
Authors: Lagoutte Emilie , Villeneuve Clémentine , Fraisier Vincent , Krndija Denis , Deugnier Marie-Ange , Chavrier Philippe , Rossé Carine 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Recent developments in techniques for tissue clearing and size reduction have enabled optical imaging of whole organs and the study of rare tumorigenic events in vivo. The adult mammary gland provides a unique model for investigating physiological or pathological processes such as morphogenesis or epithelial cell dissemination. Here, we establish a new pipeline to study rare cellular events occurring in the mammary gland, by combining orthotopic transplantation of mammary organoids with the uDISCO organ size reduction and clearing method. This strategy allows us to analyze the behavior of individually labeled cells in regenerated mammary gland. As a proof of concept, we analyzed the localization of rare epithelial cells overexpressing atypical protein kinase C iota (also known as PRKCI, referred to here as aPKCι) with an N-terminal eGFP fusion (GFP-aPKCι+) in the normal mammary gland. Using this analytical pipeline, we were able to visualize epithelial aPKCι+ cells escaping from the normal mammary epithelium and disseminating into the surrounding stroma. This technical resource should benefit mammary development and tumor progression studies.
Bank Integration and the Market for Corporate Control: Evidence from Cross-State Acquisitions
Authors: John Kose , Qi Qianru , Wang Jing 
Published: May 2020

Using the staggered and reciprocal passage of interstate bank deregulation as an exogenous variation in the degree of bank integration, we investigate how and why bank integration influences the market for corporate control for nonfinancial firms. We posit that bank integration affects acquisitions either through reducing the information asymmetry between acquirers and targets or through increasing credit supply. Our evidence is more consistent with the former channel. Specifically, we document that (1) cross-state acquisitions are more likely to occur between reciprocally deregulated states, and (2) firms are more likely taken over by out-of-state acquirers after deregulation; this effect is stronger for a target who borrows from an out-of-state bank, whose local bank is acquired by an out-of-state bank, and who is informationally more opaque. Announcement returns for acquirers of out-of-state (particularly private) targets increase after deregulation, consistent with better identification of higher-valued targets by acquirers after deregulation. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance.
The Financialization of Storable Commodities
Authors: Baker Steven D. 
Published: May 2020

I solve a dynamic equilibrium model of commodity spot and futures prices, incorporating an active futures market, heterogeneous risk-averse participants, and storage. When calibrated to data from the crude oil market, the model implies that financialization reduces the futures risk premium and increases correlation between futures open interest and the spot price level. However, there is no long-run increase in the mean spot price, and speculative storage generally attenuates financialization’s effect on spot price volatility. Therefore, financialization’s effect on spot price dynamics through storage arbitrage is likely modest, even if futures positions and risk premia are substantially altered.This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Changing Educational Differentials in Female Sterilization
Authors: Hayford Sarah R. , Kissling Alexandra , Guzzo Karen Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

CONTEXTFemale surgical sterilization is widely used in the United States. Educational differentials in sterilization are large, but poorly understood. Improved understanding of these differences is important to ensure that all women have access to the full range of contraceptive methods.METHODSData from the National Survey of Family Growth (1973–2015) from 8,100 women aged 40–44 were used to describe trends in sterilization and other contraceptive methods by educational attainment. Demographic standardization was employed to examine how compositional changes in marital status and age at first birth contribute to aggregate changes in sterilization prevalence.RESULTSIn 1982, women with a high school diploma and those with at least a bachelor's degree reported similar levels of sterilization use (38% and 32%, respectively), but by 2011–2015, prevalence had declined to 19% among college‐educated women and had increased to 44% among those with a diploma. The trend among college graduates was largely attributable to delayed fertility; all other things being equal, if their age at first birth had not increased, the prevalence of sterilization would have declined by approximately 3% instead of 14% between 1982 and 2002. Increased use of sterilization among women with a high school diploma was only weakly related to changes in birth timing and marital status.CONCLUSIONSAmong women with a high school diploma, elements other than childbearing and marital status—such as contraceptive preferences and access—appeared to influence their contraceptive behavior. Sterilization differentials between high school and college graduates may reflect or exacerbate other socioeconomic disparities that affect women's health and well‐being.
Optical design using image distortion for orthorectification
Authors: Johnson Tim P. , Sasian Jose , Cook Lacy G. 
Published: May 2020

Imaging the curved Earth from above typically results in a distorted image with reduced spatial resolution near the edge of the field. The effect is proportional to the field of view (FOV) and altitude. It is similar to the negative (barrel) distortion common in fish-eye lenses, but is due here to the convex object and not the optical system. Although image processing methods exist to partially correct for negative distortion, the reduced spatial resolution near the edge of the field is unrecoverable. Instead this can be corrected for optically by inducing the right amount of positive distortion into the optical design. The amount of positive distortion required to counter the negative distortion from the curved Earth is calculated as a function of FOV and altitude. An optical system with positive distortion is more challenging to design than with negative distortion as this increases the FOV in image space and requires a larger focal plane array. An off-axis, all-reflective design with

f

/

2.5

, 2.5 in. effective focal length,

70

∘

×

4

∘

FOV,

+

13

%

distortion is shown that could be used as a push-broom satellite sensor in a polar orbit with constant spatial resolution.
Novel Anti–Hexokinase 1 Antibodies Are Associated With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Reig Anna , Norman Gary L. , Garcia Mila , Shums Zakera , Ruiz-Gaspà Silvia , Bentow Chelsea , Mahler Michael , Romera Maria A. , Vinas Odette , Pares Albert 
Published: May 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Antibodies to hexokinase 1 (HK1) and kelch-like 12 (KLHL12) have been identified as potential biomarkers in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and this study assesses changes of these antibodies over time and if they are associated with clinical outcomes.

METHODS:
Two hundred fifty-four PBC patients (93.3% female, 51 ± 12.3 years old) were tested for anti-HK1 and anti-KLHL12, antimitochondrial (AMA), anti-gp210, and anti-sp100 antibodies. One hundred sixty-nine patients were tested twice and 49 three times within 4.2 (0.8–10.0) years. Biochemistry and clinical features at diagnosis, response to therapy, events of decompensation, and liver-related death or transplantation were evaluated.

RESULTS:
Anti-HK1 and anti-KLHL2 were detected in 46.1% and 22.8% patients, respectively. AMA were positive in 93.7%, anti-sp100 in 26.4%, and anti-gp210 in 21.3% of patients. Anti-HK1 and anti-KLHL12 positivity changed over time in 13.3% and 5.5% of patients, respectively. Anti-HK1 or anti-KLHL12 were present in 37.5% of AMA-negative patients, and in 40% of AMA, anti-gp210, and anti-sp100 negative. No significant differences were observed between those with or without HK1 and KLHL12 antibodies, but transplant-free survival and time to liver decompensation were significantly lower in patients anti-HK1 positive (P = 0.039; P = 0.04) and in those anti-sp100 positive (P = 0.01; P = 0.007). No changes in survival and events of liver decompensation were observed according to the positivity of AMA, anti-KLHL12, or anti-gp210 antibodies.

DISCUSSION:
HK1 and KLHL12 antibodies are present in 40% of PBC patients who are seronegative by the conventional PBC-specific antibodies. The novel antibodies remain rather steady during the course of the disease, and HK1 antibodies are associated with unfavourable outcomes.
Response surface methodology-artificial neural network based optimization and strain improvement of cellulase production by Streptomyces sp.
Authors: Lakshmi Ega Soujanya , Rao Manda Rama Narasinga , Sudhamani Muddada 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Thirty seven different colonies were isolated from decomposing logs of textile industries. From among these, a thermotolerant, grampositive, filamentous soil bacteria Streptomyces durhamensis vs15 was selected and screened for cellulase production. The strain showed clear zone formation on CMC agar plate after Gram’s iodine staining. Streptomyces durhamensis vs15 was further confirmed for cellulase production by estimating the reducing sugars through dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. The activity was enhanced by sequential mutagenesis using three mutagens of ultraviolet irradiation (UV), N methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) and Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). After mutagenesis, the cellulase activity of GC23 (mutant) was improved to 1.86 fold compared to the wild strain (vs15). Optimal conditions for the production of cellulase by the GC 23 strain were evaluated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Effect of pH, temperature, duration of incubation, , and substrate concentration on cellulase production were evaluated. Optimal conditions for the production of cellulase enzyme using Carboxy Methyl Cellulase as a substrate are 55 oC of temperature, pH of 5.0 and incubation for 40 h. The cellulase activity of the mutant Streptomyces durhamensis GC23 was further optimised to 2 fold of the activity of the wild type by RSM and ANN.
Bioprocess Optimization of L-Lysine Production by Using RSM and Artificial Neural Networks from Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032
Authors: Bhushanam Vanasi , Malothu Ramesh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
L-Lysine is one of the important amino acid required for humans and animals. It has a high commercial market. Large scale production of this amino acid is essential to meet the commercial demands. Typically, L-lysine is produced by batch fermentation. In the present study, the important process, as well as nutrient parameters such as glucose concentration (g/L), rpm, incubation temperature (°C), pH and incubation time for L-lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032, were optimized by a combined approach of response surface methodology (RSM) with artificial neural network (ANN) method. Initially, 32 runs face central composite design was employed. In the first step, the data was analyzed by the RSM and the optimum conditions for L-lysine production were determined. In the second step, the same data was used to train the neural network. A feed-forward neural network with error backpropagation was used. The best network was obtained by optimizing the no of neurons in the hidden layer. From the best network, the optimized weights and predicted responses were used to optimize the conditions of the selected parameters by genetic algorithm (GA). Overall with the combination of RSM-ANN-GA onefold of L-lysine production from Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 was improved.
Bergman–Einstein metrics, a generalization of Kerner’s theorem and Stein spaces with spherical boundaries
Authors: Huang Xiaojun , Xiao Ming 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We give an affirmative solution to a conjecture of Cheng proposed in 1979
which asserts that the Bergman metric of a smoothly bounded strongly
pseudoconvex domain in

{\mathbb{C}^{n},n\geq 2}

, is Kähler–Einstein
if and only if the domain is biholomorphic to the ball. We establish
a version of the classical Kerner theorem for Stein spaces with
isolated singularities which has an immediate application to
construct a hyperbolic metric over a Stein space with a spherical
boundary.
Residual dimension of nilpotent groups
Authors: Pengitore Mark 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The function

F
G

⁢

(
n
)

{\mathrm{F}_{G}(n)}

gives the maximum order of a finite group needed to distinguish a nontrivial element of G from the identity with a surjective group morphism as one varies over nontrivial elements of word length at most n.
In previous work [M. Pengitore, Effective separability of finitely generated nilpotent groups,
New York J. Math. 24 2018, 83–145],
the author claimed a characterization for

F
N

⁢

(
n
)

{\mathrm{F}_{N}(n)}

when N is a finitely generated nilpotent group.
However, a counterexample to the above claim was communicated to the author, and consequently, the statement of the asymptotic characterization of

F
N

⁢

(
n
)

{\mathrm{F}_{N}(n)}

is incorrect.
In this article, we introduce new tools to provide lower asymptotic bounds for

F
N

⁢

(
n
)

{\mathrm{F}_{N}(n)}

when N is a finitely generated nilpotent group.
Moreover, we introduce a class of finitely generated nilpotent groups for which the upper bound of the above article can be improved.
Finally, we construct a class of finitely generated nilpotent groups N for which the asymptotic behavior of

F
N

⁢

(
n
)

{\mathrm{F}_{N}(n)}

can be fully characterized.
Color-coding for COVID-19 Management: An Idea Whose Time has Come
Authors: Coppola Damon P. , Ryan Benjamin J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
COVID-19 has awakened the country to a heightened state of daily, ongoing readiness for pandemic risk. Following the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the U.S. Government released a color-coded alert system to inform the public and support appropriate response, but the system was of little utility to most people. In the context of pandemic, where significant modifications to daily life are required and which change with local and regional transmission risk, the time for a color-coded alert system may have finally come
Fungal metabarcoding data integration framework for the MycoDiversity DataBase (MDDB)
Authors: Martorelli Irene , Helwerda Leon S. , Kerkvliet Jesse , Gomes Sofia I. F. , Nuytinck Jorinde , van der Werff Chivany R. A. , Ramackers Guus J. , Gultyaev Alexander P. , Merckx Vincent S. F. T. , Verbeek Fons J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Fungi have crucial roles in ecosystems, and are important associates for many organisms. They are adapted to a wide variety of habitats, however their global distribution and diversity remains poorly documented. The exponential growth of DNA barcode information retrieved from the environment is assisting considerably the traditional ways for unraveling fungal diversity and detection. The raw DNA data in association to environmental descriptors of metabarcoding studies are made available in public sequence read archives. While this is potentially a valuable source of information for the investigation of Fungi across diverse environmental conditions, the annotation used to describe environment is heterogenous. Moreover, a uniform processing pipeline still needs to be applied to the available raw DNA data. Hence, a comprehensive framework to analyses these data in a large context is still lacking. We introduce the MycoDiversity DataBase, a database which includes public fungal metabarcoding data of environmental samples for the study of biodiversity patterns of Fungi. The framework we propose will contribute to our understanding of fungal biodiversity and aims to become a valuable source for large-scale analyses of patterns in space and time, in addition to assisting evolutionary and ecological research on Fungi.
Topological edge and corner states in a two-dimensional photonic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger lattice
Authors: Kim Minkyung , Rho Junsuk 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Implementation of topology on photonics has opened new functionalities of photonic systems such as topologically protected boundary modes. We theoretically present polarization-dependent topological properties in a 2D Su-Schrieffer-Heeger lattice by using a metallic nanoparticle array and considering the polarization degree of freedom. We demonstrate that when eigenmodes are polarized parallel to the plane of the 2D lattice, it supports longitudinal edge modes that are isolated from the bulk states and transverse edge modes that are overlapped with the bulk states. Also, the in-plane polarized modes support a second-order topological phase under an open boundary condition by breaking the four-fold rotational symmetry. This work will offer polarization-based multifunctionality in compact photonic systems that have topological features.
MXene-Ti3C2 assisted one-step synthesis of carbon-supported TiO2/Bi4NbO8Cl heterostructures for enhanced photocatalytic water decontamination
Authors: Jiang Daixun , Sun Xun , Wu Xilu , Zhang Shuai , Qu Xiaofei , Shi Liang , Zhang Yelong , Du Fanglin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The strategy to improve the photocatalytic removal efficiencies towards organic pollutants is still a challenge for the novel Sillen–Aurivillius perovskite type Bi4NbO8Cl. Herein, we report carbon-supported TiO2/Bi4NbO8Cl (C-TiO2/Bi4NbO8Cl) heterostructures with enhanced charge separation efficiency, which were fabricated via molten-salt flux process. The carbon-supported TiO2 particles were derived from MXene Ti3C2 precursors, and attached on plate-like Bi4NbO8Cl, acting as electron-traps to achieve supressed recombination of photo-induced charges. The improved charge separation confers C-TiO2/Bi4NbO8Cl heterostructures superior photocatalytic performance with 53% higher than pristine Bi4NbO8Cl, towards rhodamine B removal with the help of photo-induced holes. Moreover, the C-TiO2/Bi4NbO8Cl heterostructures can be expanded to deal with other water contaminants, such as methyl orange, ciprofloxacin and 2,4-dichlorophenol with 44, 25 and 13% promotion, respectively, and thus the study offers a series of efficient photocatalysts for water purification.