bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term trends (1958–2017) in snow cover duration and depth in the Pyrenees
Authors: López‐Moreno J. I. , Soubeyroux Jean Michel , Gascoin Simon , Alonso‐Gonzalez E. , Durán‐Gómez Nuria , Lafaysse Matthieu , Vernay Matthieu , Carmagnola Carlo , Morin Samuel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the temporal variability and changes in snow cover duration and the average snow depth from December to April in the Pyrenees at 1,500 and 2,100 m a.s.l. for the period 1958–2017. This is the first such analysis for the entire mountain range using SAFRAN‐Crocus simulations run for this specific purpose. The SAFRAN‐Crocus simulations were evaluated for the period 1980–2016 using 28 in situ snow depth data time series, and for the period 2000–2017 using MODIS observations of the snow cover duration. Following confirmation that the simulated snow series satisfactorily reproduced the observed evolution of the snowpack, the Mann–Kendall test showed that snow cover duration and average depth decreased during the full study period, but this was only statistically significant at 2,100 m a.s.l. The temporal evolution in the snow series indicated marked differences among massifs, elevations, and snow variables. In general, the most western massifs of the French Pyrenees underwent a greater decrease in the snowpack, while in some eastern massifs the snowpack did not decrease, and in some cases increased at 1,500 m a.s.l. The results suggest that the trends were consistent over time, as they were little affected by the start and end year of the study period, except if trends are computed only starting after 1980, when no significant trends were apparent. Most of the observed negative trends were not correlated with changes in the atmospheric circulation patterns during the snow season. This suggests that the continuous warming in the Pyrenees since the beginning of the industrial period, and particularly the sharp increase since 1955, is a major driver explaining the snow cover decline in the Pyrenees.
Influence of the southwards shift of North American continent on North American monsoon
Authors: Hu Mei , Xu Haiming , Deng Jiechun , Ma Jing , He Jinhai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe North American continent, with its large terrain and being surrounded by oceans, does not provide the setup for a large‐scale monsoon as we see in Asia. Here we examine the role of the southwards shift of the North American continent (140°–50°W, 20°–80°N) in determining North American monsoon (NAM) regions using the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1. Results show that the meridional position of the North American continent plays a fundamental role in the existence of the NAM. When the North American continent is moved southwards to a certain latitude, most of the North American non‐monsoon regions turn into monsoon regions, as strong and long‐lasting surface sensible heating occurs from spring to summer, together with enhanced zonal land–sea thermal contrast. Thus, the low‐level southerly wind and wind convergence are strengthened over the eastern side of the North American continent, resulting in a strong ascending motion in this region. On the other hand, the enhanced southerly wind and northwards equatorial airflow act to transport more moisture from the low‐latitude oceans to the North American continent. As a result, the NAM circulation is strengthened, which is further maintained and developed via the “thermal adaptation” feedback.
Ultrasound‐assisted dispersive micro‐solid‐phase extraction based on N‐doped mesoporous carbon and high‐performance liquid chromatographic determination of 1‐hydroxypyrene in urine samples
Authors: Omidi Fariborz , Khadem Monireh , Dehghani Fatemeh , Seyedsomeah Mirghani , Shahtaheri Seyed Jamaleddin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this research, a new ultrasound‐assisted dispersive micro‐solid‐phase extraction method based on N‐doped mesoporous carbon sorbent followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography equipped with diode array detector for trace measurement of 1‐hydroxypyrene as a metabolite of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was optimized. Herein, the hard template method was used for the preparation of N‐doped mesoporous carbon sorbent. The prepared sorbent was characterized using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, transmission electron microscopy, and elemental analysis. Parameters affecting the extraction of the target metabolite were investigated using the Box–Behnken design method. Considering optimum parameters, the plotted calibration curve for 1‐hydroxypyrene was linearly correlated with the concentration span of 0.1–50 μg/L for urine media. The accuracy of the optimized procedure was examined through the relative recovery tests on the fortified urine specimens. The relative recoveries fell between 95 and 101%. The method detection limit of the proposed procedure was also calculated to be 0.03 μg/L.
miR‐495 targets ROCK1 to inhibit lipopolysaccharides‐induced WI‐38 cells apoptosis and inflammation
Authors: Zhang Jian , Xiang Jie , Liu Ting , Wang Xinwei , Tang Ying , Liang Yin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPneumonia is an inflammatory disease with leading mortality rate in children. It has been well established that microRNAs (miRNAs) have been regarded as critical regulator in acute lung injury. We intended to explore the effect and underlying mechanism of miR‐495 on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‐induced WI‐38 cells. Here, we first found that miR‐495 was downregulated in serum of patients with acute stage pneumonia. To establish cell model of acute pneumonia, WI‐38 cells were treated with 20 μg/mL LPS, and qRT‐PCR analysis also confirmed the downregulation of miR‐495 in LPS‐induced WI‐38 cells. Data from MTT (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and flow cytometry assays showed that the decreased cell viability and induced cell apoptosis by LPS treatment were also reversed by miR‐495 over‐expression. Moreover, miR‐495 inhibited expression of associated inflammatory factors, which were induced by LPS treatment. Second, ROCK1 (rho‐associated, coiled‐coil‐containing protein kinase 1) was identified as functional target gene of miR‐495, whose expression was decreased by miR‐495. Mechanically, combination of miR‐495 and ROCK1 over‐expression reversed the influence of miR‐495 on LPS‐induced inflammation, viability, and apoptosis. In conclusion, our findings indicated that miR‐495 inhibited LPS‐induced inflammation injury and apoptosis in WI‐38 cells via targeting ROCK1, which would shed light on therapeutic schedule in acute pneumonia.
Acute Effects of Three Different Meal Patterns on Postprandial Metabolism in Older Individuals with a Risk Phenotype for Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Schönknecht Yannik B. , Crommen Silke , Stoffel‐Wagner Birgit , Coenen Martin , Fimmers Rolf , Holst Jens J. , Simon Marie‐Christine , Stehle Peter , Egert Sarah 
Published: March 2020

ScopeThe aim of this study is to investigate acute postprandial responses to intake of meals typical for Mediterranean and Western diets.MethodsIn a randomized crossover design, overweight and obese participants with a risk phenotype for cardiometabolic diseases consumed three different isoenergetic meals: Western diet‐like high‐fat (WDHF), Western diet‐like high‐carbohydrate (WDHC), and Mediterranean diet (MED) meal. Blood samples are collected at fasting and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 h postprandially and analyzed for parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation, oxidation, and antioxidant status.ResultsCompared to MED and WDHF meals, intake of a WDHC meal results in prolonged and elevated increases in glucose and insulin. Elevations for triglycerides are enhanced after the WDHF meal compared to the MED and the WDHC meal. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and interleukin‐6 increase postprandially without meal differences. Apart from vitamin C showing an increase after the MED meal and a decrease after WDHF and WDHC meals, antioxidant markers decrease postprandially without meal differences. Plasma interleukin‐1β is not affected by meal intake.ConclusionsEnergy‐rich meals induce hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, an inflammatory response, and a decrease in antioxidant markers. A meal typical for the Mediterranean diet results in favorable effects on glycemic, insulinemic, and lipemic responses.
β‐1,3/1,6‐Glucans and Immunity: State of the Art and Future Directions
Authors: De Marco Castro Elena , Calder Philip C. , Roche Helen M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe innate immune system responds in a rapid and non‐specific manner against immunologic threats; inflammation is part of this response. This is followed by a slower but targeted and specific response termed the adaptive or acquired immune response. There is emerging evidence that dietary components, including yeast‐derived β‐glucans, can aid host defense against pathogens by modulating inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of neutrophils and macrophages. Innate immune training refers to a newly recognized phenomenon wherein compounds may “train” innate immune cells, such that monocyte and macrophage precursor biology is altered to mount a more effective immunological response. Although various human studies have been carried out, much uncertainty still exists and further studies are required to fully elucidate the relationship between β‐glucan supplementation and human immune function. This review offers an up‐to‐date report on yeast‐derived β‐glucans as immunomodulators, including a brief overview of the current paradigm regarding the interaction of β‐glucans with the immune system. The recent pre‐clinical work that has partly decrypted mode of action and the newest evidence from human trials are also reviewed. According to pre‐clinical studies, β‐1,3/1,6‐glucan derived from baker's yeast may offer increased immuno‐surveillance, although the human evidence is weaker than that gained from pre‐clinical studies.
Monomeric Flavanols Are More Efficient Substrates for Gut Microbiota Conversion to Hydroxyphenyl‐γ‐Valerolactone Metabolites Than Oligomeric Procyanidins: A Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Human Intervention Trial
Authors: Hollands Wendy J , Philo Mark , Perez‐Moral Natalia , Needs Paul W , Savva George M , Kroon Paul A 
Published: March 2020

ScopeThe majority of ingested flavanols reach the colon where they are catabolized by the microbiota to form hydroxyphenyl‐γ‐valerolactones (HGVLs). It is not known if the HGVLs are catabolic products of monomeric (epi)catechins (EPC), oligomeric procyanidins (OPCs), or both. Using data from a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover trial the relative contributions of catechins and OPC to the bioavailable pool of HGVLs are estimated.Methods and resultsParticipants ingested an apple extract once daily for 28 days that delivered the following: i) 70 mg EPC and 65 mg OPC (low dose EPC), ii) 140 mg EPC and 130 mg OPC (high dose EPC), iii) 6 mg EPC and 130 mg OPC (OPC), and iv) a placebo control. Urine is collected over a 24‐h period before and after treatments. The median urinary excretion of HGVLs after ingestion of the high dose EPC is tenfold higher than that excreted after ingestion of the OPC that provided an equivalent dose of PC. Approximately 22% of catechins are converted to HGVLs in contrast to PC, for which there is limited conversion.ConclusionMonomeric catechins are efficiently converted to derived HGVLs that are absorbed and excreted in human urine, whereas oligomeric PCs are much less efficiently converted.
The semianalytical analysis of nearly singular integrals in 2D potential problem by isogeometric boundary element method
Authors: Han Zhilin , Huang Yifan , Cheng Changzheng , Liang Yongcheng , Hu Zongjun , Niu Zhongrong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBenefited from the accuracy improvement in modeling physical problem of complex geometry and integrating the discretization and simulation, the isogeometric analysis in boundary element method (IGABEM) has been drawn a great deal of attention. The nearly singular integrals of 2D potential problem in the IGABEM are addressed by a semianalytical scheme in the present work. We use the subtraction technique to separate the integrals to singular and nonsingular parts, where the singular parts can be calculated by the analytical formulae derived by utilizing a series of integration by parts, while the nonsingular parts are calculated numerically with fewer quadrature points. Comparing the present semianalytical results with the ones of exact solutions, we find that the present method can obtain precise potential and flux densities of inner points much closer to the boundary without refining the elements nearby. Sufficient comparisons with other regularization schemes, such as the exponential and sinh transformation methods, are also conducted. The results in the numerical examples show the competitiveness of the present method, especially when calculating the nearly strongly and highly singular integrals during the simulation of the flux density.
Single‐Cell Multi‐Omics and Its Prospective Application in Cancer Biology
Authors: Peng Anghui , Mao Xiying , Zhong Jiawei , Fan Shuxin , Hu Youjin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the emergence of single‐cell omics technologies, which can profile genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics, has provided unprecedented insights into characteristics of cancer, enabling higher resolution and accuracy to decipher the cellular and molecular mechanisms relating to tumorigenesis, evolution, metastasis, and immune responses. Single‐cell multi‐omics technologies, which are developed based on the combination of multiple single‐cell mono‐omics technologies, can simultaneously analyze RNA expression, single nucleotide polymorphism, epigenetic modification, or protein abundance, enabling the in‐depth understanding of gene expression regulatory mechanisms. In this review, the state‐of‐the‐art single‐cell multi‐omics technologies are summarized and the prospects of their application in cancer biology are discussed.
Salivary Microbiome Shifts in Response to Periodontal Treatment Outcome
Authors: Greenwood David , Afacan Beral , Emingil Gulnur , Bostanci Nagihan , Belibasakis Georgios N. 
Published: March 2020

PurposePeriodontitis is linked to a localized dysbiotic microbial shift. This trending may often not be evident due to deep taxonomic changes of low abundance organisms and lack of consideration of variations in the treatment response. By using next generation sequencing this study aims to evaluate the salivary microbiome dynamics of periodontal treatment and the implication of treatment outcomeExperimental DesignPatients with generalized aggressive periodontitis are treated non‐surgically and followed up for 6 months. Saliva is collected for microbiome profiling by next generation sequencing and diversity analysis, as well as quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The treatment outcome on the first follow‐up is also considered.ResultsClinical parameters are significantly improved following treatment, but with no accompanying relative abundance changes on the phylum, genus and species levels, or diversity indices. Distinctive differences are observed on species level when the sensitive qPCR is used. Patients responding poorly to treatment display a marginally lower microbiome profile distance from baseline, compared to those responding favorably.Conclusion and Clinical RelevancePeriodontal treatment does not alter the broader salivary microbiome profile, but may have selective implications on the species level. Treatment outcome can be impactful in the microbiome profile, as reduced microbiome changes may be associated with poorer clinical responses.
The metastable states of proteins
Authors: Ghosh Debasish Kumar , Ranjan Akash 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe intriguing process of protein folding comprises discrete steps that stabilize the protein molecules in different conformations. The metastable state of protein is represented by specific conformational characteristics, which place the protein in a local free energy minimum state of the energy landscape. The native‐to‐metastable structural transitions are governed by transient or long‐lived thermodynamic and kinetic fluctuations of the intrinsic interactions of the protein molecules. Depiction of the structural and functional properties of metastable proteins is not only required to understand the complexity of folding patterns but also to comprehend the mechanisms of anomalous aggregation of different proteins. In this article, we review the properties of metastable proteins in context of their stability and capability of undergoing atypical aggregation in physiological conditions.
Cellular functions and intrinsic attributes of the ATP‐binding Eps15 homology domain‐containing proteins
Authors: Bhattacharyya Soumya , Pucadyil Thomas J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSeveral cellular processes rely on a cohort of dedicated proteins that manage tubulation, fission, and fusion of membranes. A notably large number of them belong to the dynamin superfamily of proteins. Among them is the evolutionarily conserved group of ATP‐binding Eps15‐homology domain‐containing proteins (EHDs). In the two decades since their discovery, EHDs have been linked to a range of cellular processes that require remodeling or maintenance of specific membrane shapes such as during endocytic recycling, caveolar biogenesis, ciliogenesis, formation of T‐tubules in skeletal muscles, and membrane resealing after rupture. Recent work has shed light on their structure and the unique attributes they possess in linking ATP hydrolysis to membrane remodeling. This review summarizes some of these recent developments and reconciles intrinsic protein functions to their cellular roles.
(Q)SAR tools for the prediction of mutagenic properties: Are they ready for application in pesticide regulation?
Authors: Herrmann Kristin , Holzwarth Andrea , Rime Soyub , Fischer Benjamin C , Kneuer Carsten 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe assessment of human health risks resulting from the presence of metabolites in groundwater and food residues has become an important element in pesticide authorisation. In this context, the evaluation of mutagenicity is of particular interest and a paradigm shift from exposure‐triggered testing to in silico‐based screening has been recommended in the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Guidance on the establishment of the residue definition for dietary risk assessment. In addition, it is proposed to apply in silico predictions when experimental mutagenicity testing is not possible due to a lack of sufficient quantities of the pesticide metabolite. This, combined with animal welfare and economic considerations, has led to a situation where an increasing number of in silico studies are submitted to regulatory authorities. Whilst there is extensive experience with in silico predictions for mutagenicity in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry, their suitability in pesticide regulation is still insufficiently considered. Therefore, we herein discuss critical issues that need to be resolved to successfully implement (Quantitative) Structure‐Activity Relationship ((Q)SAR) as an accepted tool in pesticide regulation. For illustration purposes, the results of a pilot study are included. The presented study highlights a need for further improvement regarding the predictivity and applicability domain of (Q)SAR systems for pesticides and their metabolites, but also raises other questions such as model selection, establishment of acceptance criteria, harmonised approaches to the combination of model outputs into overall conclusions, adequate reporting and data sharing. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Revised GNSS‐RO observation uncertainties in the Met Office NWP system
Authors: Bowler Neill E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe diagnostics of Desroziers et al. have been used to estimate the uncertainties of Global Navigation Satellite System Radio Occultation (GNSS‐RO) observations. Compared with the uncertainties that are currently operational, the new uncertainties are smaller and vary with height, latitude, satellite identifier, and other variables. The initial tests allowed the observation uncertainties to vary with latitude, satellite identifier, and the tangent‐point height of the observation. Using these uncertainties for a winter period demonstrated clear improvements in the weather forecast skill. Further tests showed that this improvement derived from the variation of the uncertainties with satellite identifier and from using a smooth variation with latitude—the current method gives a sharp change in the uncertainty at 30° intervals in latitude. The diagnosis method indicated a maximum in the observation uncertainty just above the tropical tropopause (around 20 km). Experiments demonstrated that the high values for the observation uncertainty in this region degrade the forecast performance. It is suggested that this is a sign that this method is identifying some model errors incorrectly as observation errors, which may be a consequence of the known assumptions of the method being violated. The uncertainties diagnosed in this study were calculated over a one‐month period in winter 2017/2018, and the initial tests were conducted using a three‐month period for the same winter. Using uncertainties that vary with latitude, height, and satellite identifier in an experiment for summer 2018 resulted in a much smaller increase in forecast skill than for the winter period. Therefore uncertainties were diagnosed that vary with quantities other than latitude. The most effective of these is to allow the observation uncertainties to vary with the average temperature between the Earth's surface and 20 km. Uncertainties that vary with this and with satellite identifier and height give good forecast skill improvements in both seasons.
Use of the transoral robotic surgery to treat patients with recurrent lingual tonsillitis
Authors: Di Luca Milena , Iannella Giannicola , Montevecchi Filippo , Magliulo Giuseppe , De Vito Andrea , Cocuzza Salvatore , Maniaci Antonino , Meccariello Giuseppe , Cammaroto Giovanni , Sgarzani Rossella , Ferlito Salvatore , Vicini Claudio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluates the efficacy of lingual tonsil resection by transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in a large group of patients with recurrent lingual tonsillitis (RLT).MethodsEighty‐four patients with RLT treated with a lingual tonsil surgical resection using TORS were analyzed in terms of their postoperative results, disease recurrence, postoperative dysphagia, and quality of life.ResultsA reduction of the mean number/year of acute lingual tonsillitis (LT) episodes emerged after surgery (5.17 vs 0.54 events), comparing the mean number of preoperative and postoperative LT episodes, a statistical significance emerged (P = .0001). The postoperative endoscopic evaluation showed 94.1% of patients with absent or poor lymphatic tissue on the tongue base. Evaluation of postoperative dysphagia showed good results with an average score of 85.9 ± 7.5.ConclusionThis article explains how in patients with chronic LT with medical therapy failure and impaired quality of life, TORS could represent a valid therapeutic option.