bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secure multiparty quantum computation based on Lagrange unitary operator
Authors: Song Xiuli , Gou Rui , Wen Aijun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs an important subtopic of classical cryptography, secure multiparty quantum computation allows multiple parties to jointly compute their private inputs without revealing them. Most existing secure multiparty computation protocols have the shortcomings of low computational efficiency and high resource consumption. To remedy these shortcomings, we propose a secure multiparty quantum computation protocol by using the Lagrange unitary operator and the Shamir (t, n) threshold secret sharing, in which the server generates all secret shares and distributes each secret share to the corresponding participant, in addition, he prepares a particle and sends it to the first participant. The first participant performs the Lagrange unitary operation on the received particle, and then sends the transformed particle to the next participant. Until the last participant’s computation task is completed, the transformed particle is sent back to the server. The server performs Lagrange unitary operation on the received particle by using a secret message, and then measures the transformed particle to obtain the sum of the calculations of multiple participants. Security analysis shows that the proposed protocol can resist intercept-measurement attack, intercept-resend attack, entanglement-swapping attack, entanglement-measurement attack and collusion attack. Performance comparison shows that it has higher computation efficiency and lower resource consumption than other similar protocols.
Anatomically revealed morphological patterns of pyramidal neurons in layer 5 of the motor cortex
Authors: Jiang Siqi , Guan Yue , Chen Shangbin , Jia Xueyan , Ni Hong , Zhang Yalun , Han Yutong , Peng Xue , Zhou Can , Li Anan , Luo Qingming , Gong Hui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNeuronal cell types are essential to the comprehensive understanding of the neuronal function and neuron can be categorized by their anatomical property. However, complete morphology data for neurons with a whole brain projection, for example the pyramidal neurons in the cortex, are sparse because it is difficult to trace the neuronal fibers across the whole brain and acquire the neuron morphology at the single axon resolution. Thus the cell types of pyramidal neurons have yet to be studied at the single axon resolution thoroughly. In this work, we acquire images for a Thy1 H-line mouse brain using a fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography system. Then we sample 42 pyramidal neurons whose somata are in the layer 5 of the motor cortex and reconstruct their morphology across the whole brain. Based on the reconstructed neuronal anatomy, we analyze the axonal and dendritic fibers of the neurons in addition to the soma spatial distributions, and identify two axonal projection pattern of pyramidal tract neurons and two dendritic spreading patterns of intratelencephalic neurons. The raw image data are available upon request as an additional asset to the community. The morphological patterns identified in this work can be a typical representation of neuron subtypes and reveal the possible input-output function of a single pyramidal neuron.
Therapeutic apheresis within immune-mediated neurological disorders: dosing and its effectiveness
Authors: Klingele Matthias , Allmendinger Carina , Thieme Solmaz , Baerens Lea , Fliser Danilo , Jan Bürmann 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlasma exchange (PE) and immunoadsorption (IA) are standard therapeutic options of immune-mediated neurological disorders. This study evaluates the relation of the relative quantity of applied dose of PE and/ or IA and its achieved therapeutic effectiveness within the treated underlying neurological disorders. In a retrospective study, we evaluated data from PE and IA carried out 09/2009-06/2014 in neurological patients at the University-Hospital of Saarland, Germany. Apheresis dose was defined as the ratio of the extracorporeal treated plasma volume to the patient’s plasma volume. Effectiveness was assessed through disease-specific tests and scores by the attending neurologist(s); results were classified into response or no response. 1101 apheresis (PE:238, IA:863), in 153 hospital-stays were carried out, averaged, 7.0 treatments per patients, 82% responded, 18% not. Mean applied apheresis dose per treatment was 0.91 with mean doses of 1.16 for PE and 0.81 for IA. The totally applied mean dose per stay was 5.6 (PE:5.01, IA:5.81). No correlation was seen between apheresis dosing and treatment effectiveness (PE:R2 = 0.074, IA:R2 = 0.0023). PE and IA in therapy-refractory immune-mediated neurological disorders majorly achieved a measurable severity improvement – without correlation to the applied dose. Moreover, our data rather suggest, that effectiveness may be given with volumes below currently recommended volumes.
The Effects of Extreme Weather on Apple Quality
Authors: Dalhaus Tobias , Schlenker Wolfram , Blanke Michael M. , Bravin Esther , Finger Robert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA large literature has documented the effects of weather on agricultural yields. However, weather not only impacts the quantity produced, but also the quality of the product. Due to data limitations, the quality effects have primarily been studied using lab experiments for specific attributes, and the financial implications for farmers of a quality effect are less clear. Using a unique longitudinal micro-level data set of Swiss apple orchards that include information on both the quantity produced as well as the quality, we show that the latter can have an even larger effect on farm revenue. Ignoring the quality of the harvested product substantially biases the impact of weather extremes on agricultural income and the potential effects of climate change. Our quality measure is the orchard-year specific price shock. If an orchard gets a lower price for its specific apple variety compared to previous years and compared to other orchards in the same year, we observe the market’s valuation of its inferior quality accounting for overall price movements (other orchards growing same variety that year) as well as orchard specific factors (orchard fixed effects). We find that spring frost events induce farm gate price drops and thus revenue reductions of up to 2.05% per hour of exposure.
Impact of interdental brush shape on interpapillary cleaning efficacy – a clinical trial
Authors: Paqué Pune N. , Attin Thomas , Ender Andreas , Al-Majid Ahmad , Wegehaupt Florian , Sener Beatrice , Schmidlin Patrick R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether interdental brush shape influences cleaning efficacy, by comparing a waist-shaped interdental brush (W-IDB) with a cylindrical IDB (C-IDB); both provided with the same bristle texture. Cleaning efficacy of differently shaped IDBs was measured in proximal surfaces of teeth in a split-mouth cross-over design. Twenty-eight patients abolished oral hygiene for 4 d. Line angle plaque area was scanned with an intraoral camera after use of disclosing dye in baseline and after IDB application and analyzed planimetrically. Additionally, bacterial load in the IDBs was analyzed after usage by colony forming units (cfu). A Wilcoxon signed-rank test with continuity correction was used to compare the results of the waist-shaped and the cylindrically-shaped IDBs. The waist-shaped IDBs cleaned significantly better than their cylindrically-shaped counterparts (area cleaned: 23.1% vs. 18.3%), when applied at same interdental spaces (p < 0.001). However, no significant differences were found in comparison of bacterial load on the IDBs (median cfu counts: 2.3E9 vs. 2.7E9, p = 0.93). Irrespective of bristle texture or size, IDB shape have impact on cleaning efficacy. Waist-shaped IDBs are more effective in cleaning of the line angle area than cylindrically-shaped IDBs.
Multimodal Coherent Imaging of Retinal Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease in a Mouse Model
Authors: Song Ge , Steelman Zachary A. , Finkelstein Stella , Yang Ziyun , Martin Ludovic , Chu Kengyeh K. , Farsiu Sina , Arshavsky Vadim Y. , Wax Adam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe acquired depth-resolved light scattering measurements from the retinas of triple transgenic Alzheimer’s Disease (3xTg-AD) mice and wild type (WT) age-matched controls using co-registered angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a/LCI) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Angle-resolved light scattering measurements were acquired from the nerve fiber layer, outer plexiform layer, and retinal pigmented epithelium using image guidance and segmented thicknesses provided by co-registered OCT B-scans. Analysis of the OCT images showed a statistically significant thinning of the nerve fiber layer in AD mouse retinas compared to WT controls. The a/LCI scattering measurements provided complementary information that distinguishes AD mice by quantitatively characterizing tissue heterogeneity. The AD mouse retinas demonstrated higher mean and variance in nerve fiber layer light scattering intensity compared to WT controls. Further, the difference in tissue heterogeneity was observed through short-range spatial correlations that show greater slopes at all layers of interest for AD mouse retinas compared to WT controls. A greater slope indicates a faster loss of spatial correlation, suggesting a loss of tissue self-similarity characteristic of heterogeneity consistent with AD pathology. Use of this combined modality introduces unique tissue texture characterization to complement development of future AD biomarker analysis.
Correlation-centred variable selection of a gene expression signature to predict breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Hikichi Shiori , Sugimoto Masahiro , Tomita Masaru 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPredictions of distant cancer metastasis based on gene signatures are studied intensively to realise precise diagnosis and treatments. Gene selection i.e. feature selection is a cornerstone to both establish accurate predictions and understand underlying pathologies. Here, we developed a simple but robust feature selection method using a correlation-centred approach to select minimal gene sets that have both high predictive and generalisation abilities. A multiple logistic regression model was used to predict 5-year metastases of patients with breast cancer. Gene expression data obtained from tumour samples of lymph node-negative breast cancer patients were randomly split into training and validation data. Our method selected 12 genes using training data and this showed a higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.730 compared with 0.579 yielded by previously reported 76 genes. The signature with the predictive model was validated in an independent dataset, and its higher generalization ability was observed. Gene ontology analyses revealed that our method consistently selected genes with identical functions which frequently selected by the 76 genes. Taken together, our method identifies fewer gene sets bearing high predictive abilities, which would be versatile and applicable to predict other factors such as the outcomes of medical treatments and prognoses of other cancer types.
Leuconostoc mesenteroides fermentation produces butyric acid and mediates Ffar2 to regulate blood glucose and insulin in type 1 diabetic mice
Authors: Traisaeng Supitchaya , Batsukh Anir , Chuang Tsung-Hsien , Herr Deron Raymond , Huang Yu-Fen , Chimeddorj Battogtokh , Huang Chun-Ming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractType 1 diabetic patients have lower counts of butyric acid-producing bacteria in the dysbiotic gut microbiome. In this study, we demonstrate that a butyric acid-producing Leuconostoc mesenteroides (L. mesenteroides) EH-1 strain isolated from Mongolian curd cheese can reduce blood glucose and IL-6 in the type 1 diabetic mouse model. L. mesenteroides EH-1 fermentation yielded high concentrations of butyric acid both in vitro and in vivo. Butyric acid or L. mesenteroides EH-1 increased the amounts of insulin in Min6 cell culture and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Inhibition or siRNA knockdown of free fatty acid receptor 2 (Ffar2) considerably reduced the anti-diabetic effect of probiotic L. mesenteroides EH-1 or butyric acid by lowering the level of blood glucose. We here demonstrate that Ffar2 mediated the effects of L. mesenteroides EH-1 and butryic acid on regulation of blood glucose and insulin in type 1 diabetic mice.
Examining the Role of Language in Play Among Children With and Without Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Short Elizabeth J. , Schindler Rachael Cooper , Obeid Rita , Noeder Maia M. , Hlavaty Laura E. , Gross Susan I. , Lewis Barbara , Russ Sandra , Manos Michael M. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
Play is a critical aspect of children's development, and researchers have long argued that symbolic deficits in play may be diagnostic of developmental disabilities. This study examined whether deficits in play emerge as a function of developmental disabilities and whether our perceptions of play are colored by differences in language and behavioral presentations.

Method

Ninety-three children participated in this study (typically developing [TD];
n
= 23, developmental language disorders [DLD];
n
= 24, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD];
n
= 26, and autism spectrum disorder [ASD];
n
= 20). Children were videotaped engaging in free-play. Children's symbolic play (imagination, organization, elaboration, and comfort) was scored under conditions of both audible language and no audible language to assess diagnostic group differences in play and whether audible language impacted raters' perception of play.

Results
Significant differences in play were evident across diagnostic groups. The presence of language did not alter play ratings for the TD group, but differences were found among the other diagnostic groups. When language was audible, children with DLD and ASD (but not ADHD) were scored poorly on play compared to their TD peers. When language was not audible, children with DLD were perceived to play better than when language was audible. Conversely, children with ADHD showed organizational deficits when language was not available to support their play. Finally, children with ASD demonstrated poor play performance regardless of whether language was audible or not.

Conclusions
Language affects our understanding of play skills in some young children. Parents, researchers, and clinicians must be careful not to underestimate or overestimate play based on language presentation. Differential skills in language have the potential to unduly influence our perceptions of play for children with developmental disabilities.
The Remission Rate of Type 2 Diabetes Outpatients with Premixed
Insulin: The Result of a 5-Year Prospective Study
Authors: Liu Fu-peng , Sun Ming-hui , Zhao Jun-yu , Yang Ming , Zhou Xiao-jun , Zhang Zhong-wen , Dong Jian-jun , Liao Lin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the remission rate with short-term
premixed insulin therapy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes outpatients and
investigate predictors contributing to the remission rate. A 5-year
prospective study was conducted with a total of 170 patients enrolled.
Patients were treated with premixed insulin monotherapy or insulin in
combination with one or two oral drugs. After glucose levels were well
controlled, insulin and oral drugs were discontinued in a stepwise manner.
The prolonged and partial remission rates were calculated and the possible
factors contributing to remission were also analyzed. A total of 164
subjects completed the research study. The prolonged remission, partial
remission and non-remission rates at the 5-year follow-up were 9.8, 59.8,
and 30.5%, respectively. The remission rate was negatively
correlated with disease duration (r=0.39). The combined rate of
remission (prolonged and partial remission) significantly decreased when the
duration was longer than 16 days, and reduced to approximately 50%
after 1 month. Moreover, 75% of prolonged remission patients had
duration of < 16 days. At the 5-year follow-up, the
prolonged remission rate was 9.8% and the partial remission rate was
59.8%. Furthermore, the duration after diagnosis is an independent
predictor of remission rate, and initiation of short-term premixed insulin
therapy within the first 16 days of diabetes diagnosis is very important for
remission. This is the first study to evaluate the remission rate associated
with short-term premixed insulin therapy in recently diagnosed type 2
diabetes outpatients. At the 5-year follow-up, the prolonged remission rate
was 9.8% and the partial remission rate was 59.8%. The
duration of diabetes was identified as an independent predictor of drug-free
remission. The initiation of short-term premixed insulin therapy within 15
days of diabetes onset is particular importance for remission.
Die Opioidkrise in den USA: Ausmaß, Ursachen,
Gegenmaßnahmen und die europäische Situation im
Vergleich
Authors: Preuss Ulrich W. , Wurst Friedrich M. , Wong Jessica Wei Mooi 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Opioid-Missbrauch und die Todesfälle durch Überdosierung
haben in den USA krisenartige Ausmaße angenommen. Allein im Jahr
2017 starben mehr als 47 000 Amerikaner an einer Überdosis
von Opioiden, und die Letalität ist auch in den Folgejahren auf
einem hohen Niveau, da der Konsum synthetischer Opioide (z. B.
Fentanyl-Derivate) in den letzten 5 Jahren erheblich zugenommen hat. Zur
Bewältigung der Krise wurden mehrere Maßnahmen
vorgeschlagen, darunter Programme zur Überwachung
verschreibungspflichtiger Medikamente, Missbrauchs-verhindernde
Opioid-Formulierungen, kognitive verhaltenstherapeutische und
medikamentengestützte Ansätze und die Verteilung von Naloxon
zur Behandlung von Opioid-Überdosierungen – mit bisher eher
begrenztem Erfolg. Im Vergleich dazu gab es in mehreren Ländern
Europas im letzten Jahrzehnt einen Anstieg der Verschreibungen von Opioiden.
Die Letalität durch Opioide ist jedoch deutlich geringer als in den
USA. Gründe für diese Unterschiede können auf
unterschiedliche Zulassungen, Verschreibungsregeln (z. B. Deutsche
Leitlinien zur LONTS, Update 2019) und bessere Implementierung von
Qualitätsmaßnahmen zurückzuführen sein. In
den USA erleichtert die Konzentration auf die medikamentöse
Behandlung von Schmerzen anstatt der Therapie von psychosozialem Stress die
Verschreibung von Opioiden. Außerdem ist MAT/OAT
(medikamentös- oder opioidgestützte Substitutionstherapie)
in vielen europäischen Ländern, insbesondere in
ländlichen Gebieten, möglicherweise häufiger und
umfassender verfügbar als in den USA.
Comparison of Clinical Examination and Various Imaging Modalities in the Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Schneider Uwe , Graß Inse , Laudien Martin , Quetz Joachim , Graefe Hendrik , Wollenberg Barbara , Meyer Jens Eduard 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction Squamous cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (HNSCC) is the most common tumor entity of malignant processes in the head and neck area. Due to the metastasizing behavior of these tumors, the staging is indispensable for the treatment planning and requires imaging techniques, which are sensitive, specific, and as far as possible cost-effective, to benefit ultimately the patient and to ensure optimal care.
Objectives The aim of the present study is to compare the clinical examination including palpation, ultrasound and computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of neck metastases to make the correct indication for a neck dissection.
Methods Data from 286 patients with HNSCC were analyzed for neck metastases to determine which diagnostic tool is the best to answer the question if a neck dissection is necessary or not. Each study method was examined retrospectively by comparing sensitivity, specificity, the positive/negative predictive value, the positive likelihood ratio and the diagnostic accuracy.
Results The ultrasound showed a sensitivity of 91.52%, a specificity of 61.67%, a positive/negative predictive value of 76.65%/84.09%, a positive likelihood ratio of 2.39 and a diagnostic accuracy of 78.95%. The clinical examination showed a sensitivity of 75.76%, a specificity of 66.12%, a positive/negative predictive value of 75.30%/66.67%, a positive likelihood ratio of 2.24 and a diagnostic accuracy of 71.68%. The CT/MRI showed a sensitivity of 78.66%, a specificity of 62.50%, a positive/negative predictive value of 74.14%/68.18%, a positive likelihood ratio of 2.10 and a diagnostic accuracy of 71.83%. Radiographically, ultrasound, as well as the clinical examination, could be judged to be free from radiation load and side effects from the contrast medium. The high dependence on the investigator when using ultrasound made reproducibility of the results difficult.
Conclusions It could be shown that ultrasound was the diagnostic tool with the highest sensitivity, positive/negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio and diagnostic accuracy by detecting and interpreting metastases in the head and neck region correctly. Whether a neck dissection should be performed depends to a large extent on the ultrasound findings.
Cochlear Implants in Patients with Fluctuant or Progressive Hearing Loss on the Better Ear
Authors: Mangabeira-Albernaz Pedro Luiz , Malerbi Andrea Felice dos Santos 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction Cochlear implants have been proposed for cases of unilateral hearing loss, especially in patients with tinnitus impairment. Several studies have shown that they result in definite improvement of sound localization and speech understanding, both in quiet and noisy environments. On the other hand, there are few references regarding cochlear implants in patients whose better ears present hearing loss.
Objective To report the audiological outcomes of three patients with unilateral deafness, in whom the better ears presented hearing losses, submitted to cochlear implants.
Methods Three patients with unilateral profound hearing loss underwent a cochlear implant performed by the same surgeon.
Results The patients' data are presented in detail.
Conclusion The indications for cochlear implants are becoming more diverse with the expansion of clinical experience and the observation that they definitely help patients with special hearing problems.
Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Correlation between Preoperative Radiographic Severity of Arthritis and Postoperative Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Rooks Katie , Houdek Devon , Obaid Haron , Dust William 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPredicting postoperative outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is important for patient selection. This study focuses on patient-reported outcomes and satisfaction in relation to preoperative radiographic arthritis severity. A retrospective chart review of 420 TKAs was performed. Patient satisfaction was determined using a structured telephone survey with questions focused on degree of satisfaction whether they would have surgery again and their ability to kneel. The radiographic severity of the arthritis of the tibiofemoral joint was graded by a musculoskeletal radiologist using the Kellgren–Lawrence grading scale. The patellofemoral compartment was graded using the scale described by Jones et al. Those grouped as severe arthritis had an overall satisfaction rate of 96% (76% fully satisfied and 20% partially satisfied) compared with 82% of the time (64% fully satisfied and 18% partially satisfied) if their arthritis was mild. Postoperatively 51% of TKA patients were able to kneel. Univariate logistic regression showed an association between higher rates of satisfaction and male gender (p = 0.053), severity of preoperative radiographic arthritis (p = 0.034) those who would have surgery again (p ≤ 0.0001) and those able to kneel (p = 0.005). Patients should be informed preoperatively that if their arthritis is only mild radiographically, their outcomes are less predictable. There should also be a discussion surrounding kneeling and activities patients do, which may require kneeling, as many are unable to kneel postoperatively. The Level of Evidence for the study is III.