bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardioprotective properties of fish enriched with bioactive lipids from olive oil by products
Authors: Antonopoulou Smaragdi , Fragopoulou Elizabeth , Nomikos Tzortzis , Kontogianni Meropi , Petsini Filio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnti-inflammatory properties of olive oil are partly attributed to the inhibition of the Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF), a potent inflammatory mediator that is implicated in the initiation and prolongation of atherosclerosis. PAF inhibitors also exist in an extract from olive pomace that inhibits development and regression of atherosclerotic plaques in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. On the other hand, fish consumption is recommended for prevention of cardiovascular diseases, leading to a constantly increasing demand for fish supply, which is further enhanced by the rising consumers’ awareness. As a result a significant growth of aquaculture worldwide has been occurred, which among others strives for improving the nutritional value of the produced fish. Important breakthroughs have occurred in the replacement of fish oil, traditionally used, by plant oils in compounded fish feeds contributing to more nutritious fish products. Under this perspective, present work aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective properties of a novel seabream fed with olive pomace extract.In this crossover study, thirty apparently healthy, men and women were randomly assigned in two diet sequences for 8-week duration (6-week washout period between them), consuming either normal or enriched with olive pomace fish, twice a week. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of Harokopio University. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated for the Greek population semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Lifestyle parameters, biochemical factors, P-selectin and Plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were determined. In addition, ex-vivo platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma against PAF, ADP and thrombin were measured and the results expressed as EC50 values (the concentration of the agonist that cause 50% of maximum aggregation). Also, PAF key metabolic enzymes activities, responsible for PAF levels, were determined.Concerning dietary habits and biochemical markers only total cholesterol revealed a small increase, within the normal range, after enriched fish consumption, compared to baseline levels. Both fishes resulted in higher EC50 (lower platelet sensitivity) values only against PAF without being differentiated (ptime = 0.02, ptrial = 0.9), while PAI-1 levels were only increased after normal fish consumption (p0–8 weeks = 0.01). The ratio of Lipoprotein-Associated-Phospholipase A2 (catabolic enzyme of PAF) to LDL and PAF-CDP-choline:cholinephosphotransferase (biosynthetic enzyme of PAF) were decreased after the enriched (p0–8 weeks = 0.003) and the normal (p0–8 weeks = 0.01) fish consumption, respectively.Seabream fed with olive pomace seems to exhibit cardioprotective properties by decreasing platelet sensitivity against PAF and modulate PAF metabolism.This research has been co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund of the EU and Greek national funds (project code:T1EDK-00687).
Epidemiological Determinants of Malnutrition Status among Geriatric Population Residing at High Altitude Region of Rural Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Khandelwal Ritika , Kapil Umesh , Gupta Aakriti 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh prevalence of Malnutrition exists amongst the geriatric population in India. Evidence on malnutrition is available from the plain regions of the country. However there is lack of scientific evidence on malnutrition status of geriatric population residing at high altitude regions of Uttarakhand, India.Materials and methodsA community based cross-sectional study was conducted during 2015–2016 in District Nainital. Thirty clusters were identified using population proportionate to size sampling method; 30 geriatric subjects were selected from each cluster. Study population included 980 geriatric aged 60 years and above. Nutritional status of the geriatric population was assessed using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool. Standard procedures were used to determine the height, weight, MCC and MUAC. The BMI was calculated from the measurements of weight (kg) and height (cm) (kg/m2). Data was entered in MS Excel 2007 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.ResultsThe MNA revealed that only 22.4% geriatric subjects had satisfactory nutritional status, 14.3% were malnourished and 63.3% were “at risk” of malnutrition. High prevalence of malnutrition was found among subjects belonging to age group of 60–70 years (58.9%), illiterate (74.5%) with family monthly income (1866–5546;43.3%), financially dependent (75.2%), with loss of appetite (71.6%), with chewing problem (63.1%) and who consumed < 2 full meals daily. (73.1%; all p < 0.0001;) in comparison to the subjects who had satisfactory nutritional status.ConclusionsThe present findings revealed that the high prevalence of malnutrition amongst the geriatric population in India. The risk factors identified were financial dependency, dietary intake, loss of appetite and chewing problem. Interventions to decrease these risk factors possibly may lead to reduction in malnutrition among geriatric population.
Impaired ferritinophagy induced hepatic insulin resistance via endoplasmic reticulum stress of high fat diet mice
Authors: Jiang Chunjie , Zhang Shanshan , Zeng Hongmei , Liu Jingjing , Li Dan , Chen Li , Gao Chao , Yao Ping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence has been revealed that high fat diet (HFD) correlate with insulin resistance (IR) which could be induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Recently, obesity or HFD induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) could promote alteration of iron metabolism. Disorder of iron metabolism have been linked to unnormal metabolism of glucose and lipid. Herein, we investigated the effect of impaired iron homeostasis on hepatic IR, focusing on ferritinophagy. Male C57/6J mice were administered with HFD (60% energy from fat) or LFD (10% energy from fat) for 10 weeks (n = 10), and Palmitic acid (PA)-insulin treated HepG2 cells were also established. Hepatic IR as evidenced by increased hepatic steatosis and decreased of p-AKT (48%, p < 0.0005), p-GSK-3β (34%, p < 0.05) in the liver of HFD mice. In addition, decreased iron level and expression NCOA4, as well as increased up-regulation of IRE1α and EIF2α were observed in HFD liver. By using desferrioxamine (DFO) and ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), we examined iron level on IRE1α and EIF2α. And glucose uptake assay shown that FAC supplementation, and ERS inhibitors of 4-PBA and STF could improve the glucose uptake of HepG2 cells in the presence of PA. Furthermore, we evaluated the glucose uptake of HepG2 cells incubated with adenovirus which mediated overexpression of NCOA4, FAC, 4-PBA (ERS inhibitor) or STF (IRE1 inhibitor). Taken together, deficiency of iron induced by impaired ferritinophagy induced hepatic IR, partly by aggravating hepatic ERS, especially IRE1 signal pathway in vivo and vitro. These findings provide evidence and new insight for therapeutic strategy of iron deficiency in NAFLD.
Milk fat-based formula reduced palmitic acid soaps and excretion of calcium in healthy term infants: two double-blind, randomized, cross-over trials
Authors: Manios Yannis , Karaglani Eva , Thijs-Verhoeven Inge , Vlachopapadopoulou Elpis , Papazoglou Anastasia , Maragoudaki Eleni , Manikas Zafeiris , Kampani Michail , Christaki Iliana , Vonk Marlotte , Bos Rolf , Parikh Panam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Infant formula (IF) with vegetable fat blends typically have more than 80% of palmitic acid (PA) esterified at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions of triglycerides. Additional use of bovine milk fat (MF), a natural source of sn-2 palmitate, may enable increasing the sn-2 palmitate levels, potentially leading to improved absorption of fatty acids and calcium, and reduced formation of PA soaps associated with constipation in infants. The current study investigated the effect of IF with and without MF on the concentration of PA, PA soaps, calcium excretion and gastrointestinal tolerance using Amsterdam Infant Stool Scale (AISS) in healthy term infants.Materials and Methods:Two double-blind randomized placebo-controlled cross-over trials were conducted in parallel to compare a MF-based test formula with high sn-2 palmitate levels (39%) with a reference formula with only vegetable fat (10.1% sn-2 palmitate, cross-over study 1; CS1) and a MF-based test formula with medium sn-2 palmitate levels (19.7%) with the reference formula with only vegetable fat (cross-over study 2; CS2). CS1 included 17 and CS2 18 full-term, healthy, exclusively formula-fed infants screened between the 9th-14th week of age. After two weeks of wash-out period, in both CS1 and CS2, infants were randomized to receive either the MF-based test formula or reference. At the end of two weeks, the groups were crossed-over to receive the other formula for subsequent two weeks. Stool samples were collected after each two-week intervention period and bi-weekly diaries and questionnaires were completed by the parents/caretakers.Results:The PA concentrations in stools (mg/g dry weight) did not differ between the MF-based test and reference formula in either CS1 (p = 0.1324) or CS2 (p = 0.1198). A reduction was observed in the concentration of PA soaps in both medium and high sn-2 palmitate formula, with a more pronounced effect for the high sn-2 palmitate formula (medium; p = 0.0023 and high; p < 0.0001). In addition, calcium excretion in stools was significantly lower in the MF-based formula groups as compared to the reference in both studies (medium; p = 0.0067 and high; p = 0.0041). In CS2, stool consistency did not differ between groups whilst in CS1, a favorable effect of high sn-2 palmitate formula compared to the reference formula (p = 0.0008) was noted.Conclusion:Bovine milk fat in infant formula reduced the excretion of PA soaps and calcium in stool samples of healthy term infants. High sn-2 palmitate formula showed a more pronounced effect and improved stool consistency according to the AISS.
Virtual reality (VR) as a new tool for nutrition and behaviour research. A review of four studies.
Authors: Ammann Jeanine , Hartmann Christina , Siegrist Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionFor nutrition and behaviour experiments, researchers often desire to change visual properties of food items. However, such changes can lead to unwanted side-effects in textural or sensory properties. With VR technology, research in food science and nutrition can draw from a novel range of possibilities that allow specific changes in visual features without altering other properties.MethodStudy 1 (99 participants): While wearing VR glasses, participants received two banana juices. In the virtual environment, one was coloured yellow (its real appearance) and one was brownish (indicating aging). All participants viewed both juices, either one or the other first, and the juice they tasted was the same in both cases.Study 2 (100 participants): Participants were divided into a disgust and control condition. Wearing VR glasses, those in the control condition saw chocolate appear on the table and were asked to try it. Those in the disgust condition saw a dog excrete the chocolate as feces before being asked to try it.Study 3 (50 participants): In the virtual environment, participants saw a disgusting buffet containing carrots, pasta, and meat. They were then asked to serve themselves a plate for lunch.Study 4 (100 participants): Building on previous sensory studies, participants saw in the virtual environment two juices and a cake, either in the correct or wrong colour. They were asked to try the product, identify the dominant flavour, and rate it for liking and sweetness.Results and DiscussionStudy 1: With increasing presence, participants tended to give higher disgust scores to the brown juice (r = .24, p < 0.05).Study 2: Four percent of participants refused consumption in the neutral condition compared to 26% in the disgust condition. With χ2(1) = 9.49, p > 0.01, the chi-square test revealed a significant association between the experimental condition and participants’ willingness to eat the chocolate.Study 3: The total quantity of food that participants scooped onto their plates was significantly correlated with their presence (r = -0.37, p < 0.01) and their state disgust (r = -0.35, p < 0.05).Study 4: We were able to replicate previous findings.In summary, our studies assessed a new technology for usability in food research. Our results provided evidence that VR is a promising tool in the study of nutrition and behaviour.
Compositional principal component analysis generates gut microbiota profiles that associate with children's diet and body composition
Authors: Leong Claudia , Haszard Jillian J. , Heath Anne-Louise M. , Tannock Gerald W. , Lawley Blair , Cameron Sonya L. , Szymlek-Gay Ewa A. , Gray Andrew R. , Taylor Barry J. , Galland Barbara C. , Lawrence Julie A. , Otal Anna , Hughes Alan , Taylor Rachael W 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGut microbiota data obtained by DNA sequencing are not only complex because of the number of taxa that may be detected within human cohorts, but also compositional because characteristics of the microbiota are described in relative terms (e.g., “relative abundance” of particular bacterial taxa expressed as a proportion of the total abundance of taxa). Nutrition researchers often use standard principal component analysis (PCA) to derive dietary patterns from complex food data, enabling each participant's diet to be described in terms of the extent to which it fits their cohort's dietary patterns. However, compositional PCA methods are not commonly used to describe patterns of microbiota in the way that dietary patterns are used to describe diets. This approach would be useful for identifying microbiota patterns that are associated with diet and body composition. The aim of this study is to use compositional PCA to describe gut microbiota profiles in 5 year old children and explore associations between microbiota profiles, diet, body mass index (BMI) z-score, and fat mass index (FMI) z-score. This study uses a cross-sectional data for 319 children who provided a faecal sample at 5 year of age. Their primary caregiver completed a 123-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire validated for foods of relevance to the gut microbiota. Body composition was determined using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and BMI and FMI z-scores calculated. Compositional PCA identified and described gut microbiota profiles at the genus level, and profiles were examined in relation to diet and body size. Three gut microbiota profiles were found. Profile 1 (positive loadings on Blautia and Bifidobacterium; negative loadings on Bacteroides) was not related to diet or body size. Profile 2 (positive loadings on Bacteroides; negative loadings on uncultured Christensenellaceae and Ruminococcaceae) was associated with a lower BMI z-score (r = -0.16, P = 0.003). Profile 3 (positive loadings on Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium and Roseburia) was associated with higher intakes of fibre (r = 0.15, P = 0.007); total (r = 0.15, P = 0.009), and insoluble (r = 0.13, P = 0.021) non-starch polysaccharides; protein (r = 0.12, P = 0.036); meat (r = 0.15, P = 0.010); and nuts, seeds and legumes (r = 0.11, P = 0.047). Further regression analyses found that profile 2 and profile 3 were independently associated with BMI z-score and diet respectively. We encourage fellow researchers to use compositional PCA as a method for identifying further links between the gut, diet and obesity, and for developing the next generation of research in which the impact on body composition of dietary interventions that modify the gut microbiota is determined.
Weight Loss Improves Cardio-Metabolic and Inflammatory State in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome.
Authors: Della Porta Matteo , Piuri Gabriele , Garziano Micaela , Barichella Michela , Muzio Fulvio , Seelam Andy Joe , Assi Emma , D'Addio Francesca , Fiorina Paolo , Cestaro Benvenuto , Cazzola Roberta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition characterized by a constellation of reversible major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). While it has been widely demonstrated that weight reduction by 5–10% decreases CVD and T2DM risk factors, including atherogenic dyslipidemia, on the other hand, its effects on comprehensive serum cytokine profile and endotoxemia are less investigated. Furthermore, the impact of weight loss on these parameters was studied especially in subjects with morbid obesity, often after bariatric surgery; while the studies on the effects of a physiological weight reduction with a balanced hypocaloric diet in overweight and moderately obese subjects showed contradictory results.The aim of this pilot study was to investigate in overweight and obese men with MetS the effects of caloric restriction on the MetS-associated risk factors, chemical composition of lipoproteins and serum concentration of a wide spectrum of inflammation markers. In addition, the second purpose of this work was to study the possible correlation between lipoprotein chemical composition and these inflammation markers.Eighteen adult Caucasian males (25 kg/m2 < BMI < 35 kg/m2) with MetS losing at least 5% of their initial weight after six months of a Mediterranean-style balanced hypo-caloric diet were included in the study. Lipoproteins were isolated from plasma by ultracentrifugation in a discontinuous KBr gradient. Lipoprotein concentrations of proteins, cholesterol, phospholipids, and triacylglycerols were determined by colorimetric assays. Peripheral cytokine levels (IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, GM-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1b, IL1-b, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, G-CSF, INF-g, TNF-a) were determined by Bioplex multiplex immunoassay. Endotoxemia was measured by Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay. The effects of weight-loss were analysed by Wilcoxon's test, the correlations between covariates by Spearman's test (significance: p-value ≤ 0.05).After weight loss, we observed an improvement of MetS-associated risk factors and changes in lipoproteins composition. In particular, together with a reduction of triglyceridemia, we detected a massive transfer of triacylglycerols from HDLs toward LDLs. Furthermore, a significant decrease of IL-6 (0.9 ± 0.7 vs 0.5 ± 0.6), TNF-α (0.7 ± 0.3 vs 0.3 ± 0.18), IL-8 (1.6 ± 0.7 vs 1.3 ± 0.3) and MIP-1β (19.2 ± 1.5 vs 18.5 ± 1.5) was observed. Finally, peripheral levels of TNF-α and IL-8 were directly correlated with all lipid species of VLDL, whereas the concentration of MIP-1β and endotoxin with HDL lipids.Weight loss improved cardio-metabolic risk factors and decreased inflammatory state by reduction of cytokine levels. The relationships between lipoprotein composition and serum inflammation markers deserve to be deepened by studying broader populations.
Low molecular weight gut polyphenols metabolites and its nutritional relevance as effectors for attenuating neuroinflammation
Authors: Carregosa Diogo , Carecho Rafael , Figueira Inês , dos Santos Cláudia Nunes 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe burden of neurodegenerative disorders has been increasing as a consequence of a growing elderly population. These multifactorial diseases do not have a cure or efficient treatments. Due to its mechanistic complexity, prevention and treatment will require novel multi-targeted therapeutic strategies, targeting different disease hallmarks. The possibility of altering the progression and development of diseases through diet is an emerging as attractive approach with increasing supporting data. Epidemiological and clinical studies have highlighted the health potential of diets rich in fruits and vegetables. Studies with dietary (poly)phenols have been showing their multipotent and pleiotropic ability to modulate several cellular and molecular pathways and in that sense, dietary (poly)phenols can emerge as an alternative, with potential to be further explored. However, the precise contribution of dietary (poly)phenols and circulating (poly)phenol metabolites to human health is still in the beginning of being elucidated. Absorption and blood concentrations of some (poly)phenols is quite low, which can hamper the research in terms of understanding their effects in specific biomarkers of disease.The difficulty in demonstrating (poly)phenols true effects can also be justified by the uncertain metabolic fate that dietary (poly)phenols can have. In fact, it is necessary to identify the bioavailable metabolites resulting from (poly)phenol ingestion through the diet, as well as their ability to overcome and/or interact with cellular barriers and reach target tissues, in this case reach the brain. Having this in mind, it will be reviewed the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying (poly)phenol metabolites effects and their role on neuroinflammation one central hallmark, common in all neurodegenerative diseases.
Can dietary fiber influence Parkinson's patients' gut microbiota and short chain fatty acid production – an ex-vivo study, preliminary results
Authors: Baert Florence , Matthys Christophe , Vlaemynck Geertrui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionRecent studies demonstrated that the gut microbiome of Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients differs from that of age-matched healthy controls. Notably less butyrate-producing bacteria and low mucosal and fecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were found in PD patients. SCFA play a role in the interplay of health and disease: SCFA butyrate improves colon motility, protects the colonic epithelium and reduces inflammation. Administration of butyrate in animal models of PD improved motor impairment and dopamine deficiency and reduced early mortality. We hypothesize that certain orally supplemented dietary fibers can stimulate butyrate production in the colon of Parkinson's patients, and consequently can improve the motor impairment and their quality of life. This hypothesis still requires a step-wise approach. Our objective is to investigate the effect of different types of dietary fiber on the gut microbiota and SCFA production in PD patients and healthy elderly.Material and methodsPD patients and healthy controls (HC) were selected based on age (55–70 years old) and BMI (18.5 -25 kg/m2). For PD patients the Hoehn and Yahr score (I – III) was added to this selection. The effect of inulin varying in degree of polymerization (DP) (average DP ~10 vs. average DP ~23) on the SCFA production was evaluated by ex vivo fermentation experiments with fecal samples of PD patients and HC. Inulin (1% w/v) was incubated in small-scale batch fermentations for 24 h at 37°C in anaerobic conditions. SCFA production was analyzed by solid phase micro-extraction capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection (SPME-cGS-MS). The clostridia clusters IV and XIVa were quantified through 16s qPCR.Results and discussionShort chain (Sc) and long chain(Lc) inulin fermentation resulted in a mean total SCFA increase of respectively 490.3 ± 128.2μmol/ml and 384.3 ± 85.9μmol/ml in HC (n = 7) and 453.9 ± 99.2μmol/ml and 402.9μmol/ml ± 84.1μmol/ml in PD patients (n = 3). Sc inulin fermentation increased butyrate production with 200.0μg/ml ± 46.2μmol/ml in HC and 119.8 ± 94.4μg/ml in PD patients (p = 0.09). Lc inulin fermentation increased butyrate production with 174.9μmol/ml ± 82.2μmol/ml and 113.3μmol/ml ± 21.2μmol/ml in HC and PD patients, respectively (p = 0.25). Large variation between samples was observed in PD patients.ConclusionAlthough sample size is relatively small and data is still collected, we can conclude that both Sc and Lc inulin increase total SCFA and butyrate production in HC and PD patients. This ex vivo study shows that stimulation of the butyrate production is still possible in PD patients and could be beneficial.