bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on the effect of nozzle angle and air flow rate during nanofluid Minimum Quantity Lubrication milling of Aerospace alloy Al7075-T6
Authors: Kulkarni Harshit B , Khandare Pratik P , Parvatikar Pranesh G , Pawar Pranil G , Tiwari Rajanikant , Nadakatti Mahantesh M , Deshpande Anand S , Kulkarni Raviraj M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Present day industries are focusing upon finding various methods and techniques to implement sustainable manufacturing, which is ‘the need of the hour’. With increase in global competition, industries are striving hard to reduce the machining costs, which is a major contributor for ‘manufacturing cost per part’, in an industry. Conventional method of using large quantity of coolant/cutting fluids in several liters per hour, to cool machining zone is causing enormous concern. Strict Government regulations are necessitating industries to replace flood-coolant assisted machining by new techniques like ‘Minimum Quantity lubrication’ (MQL) coolant supply technique. The present work deals with investigating the effect of varying nozzle angle and air-flow rate during MQL assisted surface milling of aerospace aluminum Al7075-T6 alloy, using uncoated carbide tool. Three methods of coolant supply namely Dry, MQL and nanofluid MQL (nano particles us pended oil with MQL) are experimented. Cutting speed [150m/min, 208m/min, 264 m/min], feed rate [95 mm/min, 110 mm/min, 125 mm/min] and depth of cut [0.5 mm, 1.3 mm, 2 mm] are chosen as process variables. Two nozzle angles 25°C and 500, with 1.5 kg/cm2 and 3 kg/cm2 air flow rates were investigated. Best results were obtained for air flow rate of 1.5kg/cm2. Optimumnozzleangle was found to be 25°C. To obtain lowest temperature and reduced heat generation, nanofluid MQL machining is a feasible option. With regards to MQL technique, for obtaining better surface finish with reduced surface roughness of the work piece (Al7075-T6), nanofluid MQL technique is best.
Hot corrosion behaviour of plasma and d-gun sprayed coatings on t91 steel used in boiler applications
Authors: Sundaresan C , Rajasekaran B , Sivakumar G , Rao D S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Material degradation by salt induced hot corrosion is a serious threat to Coal fired Boiler components. Corrosion resistant thermal spray coatings is a proven solution for this problem. Thiswork compares the hot corrosion behaviour of a NiCoCrAlY coating on T91 boiler steel deposited using two different thermal spray methods namely Atmospheric Plasma Spray (APS) and Detonation Gun (D-Gun) spray. The coated samples were exposed to 650°C for 100 cycles (1 cycle being 1 hour holding plus 20 minutes cooling in air) in a thermal cycling furnace under a mixed deposit containing Na2SO4, K2SO4 and Fe2O3 to simulate the real time coal ash environment. The exposed coatings were examined using FESEM/EDS and XRD to analyze the extent and nature of corrosion attack. The results indicate that the D-Gun sprayed coatings provided superior corrosion resistance over their APS sprayed counterparts. NiO and Spinel oxide NiCr2O4 which offers corrosion resistance were formed in both the coatingswith the APS sprayed coatingbeing rich in the fast growing NiO which affected its corrosion performance. The enhanced corrosion resistance of the D-Gun sprayed coatings was attributed to its dense microstructure with minimal porosity and good intersplat bonding which minimized corrosion ingress.
Effect of mixing proportion and mixing time on primary slurry retention and surface roughness of investment casting shells
Authors: Vyas A V , Pandya M P , Sutaria M P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Surface quality of investment cast parts are mainly depends upon primary slurry condition which is used to make face coat. Zircon flour (ZrSiO4) is widely used to make primary slurry. In this work different composition (75% - 25%, 70% - 30% and 65% - 35%) of zircon flour and colloidal silica is analyzed at different mixing time (at 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs). Viscosity, wettability, slurry retention, and surface roughness are measured and analysed. From the experimental work conclusion derived that composition with 75% zircon and 25% colloidal silica at mixing time of 72 hour gives best result in surface finish.
Strength and durability performance of Light Weight Self-Compacting Concrete (LWSCC) with Light Expanded Clay Aggregate (LECA)
Authors: Vinoth R , Vinod Kumar M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Lightweight concrete(LWC) have been successfully implemented in the construction of structures for decades mainly due to its favourable material properties, especially their low specific weight in connection with a high capacity of thermal insulation, strength and durability. Development of Light Weight Self-Compacting Concrete (LWSCC) is an innovative step in the recent years in the construction sectors. LWSCC provides the combined favourable benefits of LWC with those of a Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC). Research work is aimed on development of (LWSCC) with the use of light aggregates namely “Light expand clay aggregate (LECA)”. In this present investigation, five different mixes of (LWSCC) were casted and tested to find the workability and to calculate the mechanical properties at the age of 28 days. Water penetration test was conducted to examine the durability of LWSCC. Based on the results obtained, the best mix design was identified and selected for further investigation.
Numerical modelling of ultrathin CdTe solar cell with back surface field layer
Authors: Shukla Virang , Panda Gopal 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In CdTe solar cell, CdTe absorber layer needs ohmic contact having work function greater than 5.7eV. No metals can have such large work function to match properly with CdTe absorber layer. Low resistance is required between CdTe layer and back contact for good performance and long stability of CdTe based solar cell. So there is a need of inserting back surface field layer to reduce the resistance between CdTe layer and back contact. This study highlights the effect of ZnTe BSF layer on the performance of solar cell. In this study two cell were simulated by SCAPS-1D simulator. From analysis it can be seen that with the help of BSF layer high efficiency as well as high stability can be achieved
Investigating the effect of chitosan’s degree of deacetylation on size of the nanoparticle
Authors: Rodrigues Fiona C , Devi N G , Koteshwara K B , Thakur Goutam 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a naturalcationic polysaccharide obtained by deacetylation of chitin, a biopolymer found mainly in the exoskeleton of crab, shrimp shells, etc. The chitosan degree of deacetylation (DD) is an important factor which determines some of the physiochemical and biological properties of chitosan. The present study focuses on evaluating the effect of chitosan DD on nanoparticle size by using three different DD of chitosan, i.e., 85%, 90% and 93%. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as crosslinker. The particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) was studied using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and was further characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the interactions between the ammonium groups of CS and tripolyphosphoric groups of TPP in the prepared nanoparticles. The results demonstrated that nanoparticles prepared using 85% DD chitosan had an average particle size of 100.2 ± 0.5 nm.
Experimental investigation of bottom ash as a capable Soil Stabilizer
Authors: Gaur Arun , Mathur Nikhil , Somani Prakash 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The development of infrastructure in India is rapidly growing. These structure demands adequate soil as foundation/subgrade but in India where expansive soil cover 51.8 hectare land surface nearly. Stabilization of these expansive is the priority of engineers. Where on the other hand bottom ash from a thermal power plant is directly dumped which contaminatesthe environment. In soil stabilization, a stabilizer is added to soil in optimum quantity to achieve maximum dry density and have minimum penetration. In this study bottom ash’s potential is examined as a soil stabilizer and compared with non-conventional stabilizer. Soil is modified with bottom ash at dosages of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% to inspect the various engineering properties. Atterberg limits (LL, PL, and PI), Compaction characteristics (OMC &MDD) and California bearing ratio test are performed and compared with nano-polymer modified soil samples. Results show that bottom ash can be utilized as a stabilizer for road construction.
Effect of pH on the optical and structural properties of SnS prepared by chemical bath deposition method
Authors: John Smiya , Geetha V , Francis Melda 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this work we study the influence of pH on the optical and structural properties of SnS thin films. The films were grown on the glass substrate using chemical bath deposition method. Hydrous tin chloride and thioacetamide were used as cationic and anionic precursors respectively. The pH of the solution was changed using Ammonia. The film was prepared at five different pH values 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5 and 9.6. The optical and structural properties were studied using UV Visible spectrophotometer and XRD. From optical characterisation it was found that the band gap decreases as the pH increases from 9.2 to 9.5. The crystallanity of the film increased as the pH value increased.
Experimental study on steel fibre reinforced concrete with a partial replacement of cement by rice husk ash
Authors: Mukilan K , Irene A D K B , Shenbagavalli S , Muthuprakash P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This present work is an attempt to made and investigate the split tensile strength, flexural strength and compressive strength of concrete by using crimped end steel fibre as an additive material and rice husk ash as a fractional replacement of cement due to its Pozzolanic reactivity. In this work we have kept the rice husk ash as constant and varied the steel fibre content as 0.5%, 1% & 1.5%. Mix design using IS code method is done and cubes, cylinders and beams are cast for M20 grade concrete. The concreting is done with and without addition of steel fibre and rice husk ash. Slump cone test is performed on fresh concrete. Cylinder test, Beam test are performed on concrete to study their usefulness and behaviour of additives and partial replacements. On comparing the test outcomes with the standard specimen test values where there is an appreciable improvement in tensile strength of concrete.
Effect of selenisation on the properties of antimony selenide thin films
Authors: Kuruvilla Anu , Francis Melda , Lakshmi M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Antimony Selenide (Sb2Se3) is an important photoconductive semiconductor and it has a band gap of 1.3 eV. It finds applications in solar selective and decorative coating, optical devices and thermoelectric cooling devices. In the present work, Sb2Se3 thin film is prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique. This method is most suitable for large area samples and it is very simple. Antimony chloride and sodium selenosulfate are used as precursors for the preparation of antimony selenide thin films. It was observed from XPS analysis that antimony oxide was also present as an impurity phase along with antimony selenide. In this work, selenisation is carried out in order to increase the selenium content in the pristine antimony selenide thin films. Selenisation was also done by the method of CBD. These samples were annealed at various temperatures and characterized structurally, morphologically and optically. It was observed that the inclusion of Se has lead to exclusion of oxygen from the surface layers of Antimony Selenide films. Se inclusion has also changed the morphology of Antimony selenide films drastically.
Influence of nano-silica in beam-column joint flextural properties
Authors: Shyamala G , Kumarasamy Karthikeyan , Ramesh S , Kalaivani M , Pillalamarri Sai Priya 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The performance of reinforced concrete moment resisting frame structures in present-day earthquakes across world has highlighted the outcome of poor performance of beam-column junction, usually important in the reinforced concrete frame design. In reinforced concrete moment resisting frame the beam column joints are crucial zones for load transfer productively between the linking elements (i.e. beams & columns) in the structural design. So this is especially necessary to reduce the vulnerability of Beam-Column joint in connection with the Seismic loading. In this investigational examination, Fly ash, a throw away product, generated in thermal power stations is roughly around 105 million tons every year (in India) whose percentage usage is less than 13%, was added. This reduction in strength was tried to compensate by adding 0 to 2.5% of Nano Silica (nS) as it reacts with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) mini crystals, and are array in the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) linking hardened cement paste and aggregates, evenly produce C–S–H gel. Nano-SiO2 can also behave as nucleus to tightly bonded elements with cement hydrates. Fly ash concrete with respect to nano-SiO2 maintains higher density and strength. High-strength concrete with respect to nS owns higher flexural strength. On an average 7 exterior Reinforced Concrete beam-column joint specimens (control) were casted, cured for complete 28 days and tested to failure. Only three contained Fly ash (20%, 40% and 60%) and the other three specimens with nS (2.5%) and Fly ash (20%, 40% and 60%). Evenly, on the column an axial load was applied. Then seismic load (i.e. Push and pull load) was applied at the free end of the cantilever beam till failure occurs. The reinforced Nano concrete Beam-Column joints and the Fly ash mixed RC Beam-Column joints were compared each other and the test results are obtained.
Characterization of mechanical behavior of pineapple leaf fiber composite
Authors: Hamritha S , Hemanth M , Rajesh B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the current era, the need for an alternate material from the alloy has shown an abundant growth. For various reasons, the alloys are being replaced with composites. On this hand, natural fibers have discovered a speedy growth in the industry due to eco-friendly nature and availability. The current growth in natural compositeare fibers obtained from the fruit. In this study, the pineapple fruit is considered, and the fibers are obtained from the leaf. It is commonly called as PineApple Leaf Fiber (PALF). As the length of the leaf varies, length of the fiber obtained are not uniform and scope of the fiber is observed to be short. The fibers are extracted from the leaf andis chemically treated. The obtained fibers are reinforced with epoxy resin and composites are prepared by hand lay-up method. The fiber content is varied from 10% to 30% by weight. The study is carried out to understand the basic properties of pineapple leaf fiber. As natural fibers are hydrophilic, it is highly sensitivity to moisture and heat, this behavior is understood with the moisture test. Furthermore, this study reviews about the extraction, fabrication and mechanical properties of the reinforced natural composite with its potential applications.
Effect of microbial solution on compressive strength, water absorption and sorptivity of cement mortar incorporated with metakaolin
Authors: Poornima V , Venkatasubramani R , Sreevidya V , Pavan C , Nourin Anjala 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent researches in literature have established that the overall life of mortar used in plastering works can be improved by the self-healing processes. Cracking of mortar plasters is a common hurdle due to the intrinsic brittleness of the material. This will result in severe loss of durability and water tightness. There are various methods to prevent this problem, such as adding glass fibers to the mortar mix which prevents shrinkage cracks is one among them and another way to do it is with the help of microorganisms that precipitates calcium carbonate which fills the cracks. But not all kinds of bacteria will precipitate calcium carbonate. Even if it does it should survive under extreme conditions present in mortar. The species called bacillus is a kind which fulfills those conditions is used in this project. The two bacteria namely “Bacillus Subtilis” and “Bacillus Megaterium” were isolated by taking 10g rhizosphere soil and they are cultured. The objective of this project is to compare the productivity of two bacteria. Along with this, a material called metakaolin is also used in combination with bacteria and its efficiency is also checked. The use of metakaolin (kaolinite) in this project increases compressive strength, decreases the heat of hydration which in turn increases the efficiency of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation along with bacteria. Mortar cubes are cast in different combinations to observe the compressive strength by Compression Test, healing capacity of mortar through Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) Test and the precipitated amount of calcium carbonate via X-ray Diffraction Test. Also, the durability of mortar cubes has been identified using Water Absorption Test and Sorptivity Test.
Developing an Efficient Waste Management System: An Approach by Using Some Methods of Mathematical Modelling
Authors: Reji Kumar K , Satheesh E N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Human community has outgrown breaking the laws of the nature. This has caused serious threat to the nature and hence to the human community itself. Day to day activities of the man creates different kind of waste materials. These materials are thrown in the surroundings, which creates unpredictable damage to the environment. The matter of management of waste has prime priority in sustainable development. In this paper we mainly discuss various characteristics of waste management systems such as efficiency, sufficiency and consistency. A waste management system is developmental if it generates employment and income to the country. We develop some mathematical models which to ensure the efficiency and developmental characteristics of the waste management systems.
Removal of organics in crepe cotton wastewater using aerobic biodegradation
Authors: Shivani M , Vanitha S 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIndustrial wastewater contains various types of organic and inorganic compounds. Textile wastewater is one of the major holders of organic pollutants, discharging them without any prior treatment affects aquatic, surface organisms as well as human beings. In this study, the Crepe Cotton processing wastewater is collected from the cotton mills of Rajapalayam city and checked for its pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) by treating them using Activated Sludge aerobically. Two batch studies were made by varying concentration of wastewater and removal efficiency was checked. It is found that the COD value decreases over time and achieved 100% removal on the 7thday while the TSS increases because of the growth of microbes. This shows that activated sludge microbes readily accept the organics present in Crepe cotton wastewater and can be effectively used for its treatment, though further studies are required to conform the removal of nutrients and other organic pollutants.
Macro algae based adsorption for treatment of cotton processing wastewater
Authors: Prakash A Chandra , Sharma Naresh K , Vanitha S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the recent advances in treatment of different industrial wastewater, an attempt is made to treat the wastewater produced in demand of dyes and is used to make bandages and surgical cotton using freshwater macro algae. In the treatment method adopted here is focused on reducing the organic and inorganic pollutants present in the wastewater in the form of COD, BOD, Nitrate, Ammonia, Phosphate and Sulphate. Cotton processing wastewater contains high level of tCOD and sCOD in the order of 15000. Initially, Fresh water Green Macro algae is grown in freshwater Bolds Basal Medium (BBM). Tests were conducted with different dilution of Medium, Wastewater and Macro algae. The concentration of COD, NO3, NH4, PO4, and SO4in the real wastewater found to be 4800mg/l, 60.236mg/l, 4.110mg/l, 19.132mg/l, and 2.239mg/l respectively. Finally, after 10 days of continuous treatment of cotton wastewater using macro algae was found to be 1600mg/l, 7.30mg/l, 1.970mg/l, 4.800mg/l, and 1.009mg/l respectively. COD concentration of 1600 mg/l was still not a safe value to be finalized for a safe disposal, it has been observed that due to the high toxicity of the wastewater, macro algae are unable to treat the wastewater further. Solids like Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Fixed Solids (FS) and Total solids (TS) are also noted and studied during the treatment.
On the effect of thickness of Te Interlayer on output characteristics of CdTe thin-film solar cell
Authors: Venkatesh R , Banapurmath N R , Palrecha Abhay , Ramesh K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Charge carrier dynamics which governs the output characteristics and performance of solar cells, often depends on the fabrication protocol of these cells. In this study, we have fabricated the FTO/CdS/CdTe/Te/Al thin-film photovoltaic devices using thermal evaporation. We have deposited tellurium as an interlayer between the absorber layer (CdTe) and top-electrode (Al) for a better charge carrier collection. The thickness of this interlayer was varied (10 nm and 30 nm) to observe its effect on the final device output characteristics, and for the same purpose, the fabrication procedure, the thickness of the absorber layer and window layers (CdS) were kept constant of 500 nm and 100 nm respectively. The XRD analysis revealed that the CdS-window layer had a cubic structure while the CdTe existed in both hexagonal and cubic phases. The deposited CdS and CdTe thin-films showed a bandgap of 2.35 eV and 1.5 eV respectively. The device with interlayer thickness of 30 nm device showed a maximum open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.40 V and a maximum current of 25 μA whereas for the device with 10 nm thick interlayer shows a Voc of 0.45V and an output current of 6 μA This suggests that introduction of an interlayer enables efficient charge collection and the ability of the charge collection enhances when the thickness of interlayer is increased however, the Voc is marginally different probably due to presence of defects in the 30 nm-thick interlayer cells.
Effect of pozzolanic materials in geopolymer mortar using industrial waste material
Authors: Karthikesan A K , Mohana R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Geopolymer is one of the new binder technology in the construction where cement is replaced fully by pozzolanic materials such as fly ash, GGBS and alkaline solution. This control the emission of CO2 produced from the cement manufacturing industries. The industrial waste requires disposal is the major problem by utilization of such materials in geopolymer for the benefits of the environmental and eco-friendly process. In this paper, the effect of pozzolanic material in geopolymer mortar using industrial waste material based on oven heating. The optimum percentages of low calcium class F fly ash and GGBS is taken. From the optimum percentage, fine aggregate is partially replaced by iron slag (0%,25%,35%,45%). For enhancing the workability of geopolymer mortar by using poly-carboxylic ether as superplasticizer. The optimum geopolymer mortar mix using industrial waste was concluded based on the compressive test to be studied with conventional.