bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring mechanisms behind the increasing gender gap in adolescent psychological symptoms, 2002–2022: the role of national‐level gender equality
Authors: de Looze Margreet E. , Cosma Alina , Elgar Frank J. , Schrijvers Karen , Inchley Jo , Walsh Sophie D. , Stevens Gonneke W. J. M. 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundInternalising problems have increased considerably among adolescents in the last decades, particularly among girls, resulting in widening gender gaps. This study examined whether the gender gap in psychological symptoms increased more in more gender‐equal countries in the period 2002–2022, and if so, to what extent this could be explained by changes over time in the experience of stressors (i.e. schoolwork pressure, body dissatisfaction, low classmate support) among boys and girls in these countries.MethodsNational data on gender inequality (UNDP Gender Inequality Index) were combined with aggregated individual‐level data from the Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children (HBSC) study (2002–2022) across 43 countries (N = 1,268,220). Absolute and relative gender gaps in psychological symptoms were regressed on survey cycle, GII and their interaction. Next, interactions of survey cycle and either schoolwork pressure, body dissatisfaction or classmate support were added to the model.ResultsIncreases in the absolute and relative gender gap in psychological symptoms between 2002 and 2022 were stronger in more gender‐equal countries, mainly due to larger increases in psychological symptoms among girls in these countries. Also, less favourable time trends for schoolwork pressure and classmate support were found in more gender‐equal countries for boys and especially girls. The larger increase in schoolwork pressure among girls in more gender‐equal countries partly explained the increased absolute gender gap in psychological symptoms in these countries.ConclusionsWhile national‐level gender equality was positively associated with boys' and girls' mental health in the early 2000s, this association has become negative for girls in more recent years. The benefits of gender equality for girls' mental health may have become overshadowed by the increased experience of stressors, especially schoolwork pressure. Far from advocating that gender equality is a negative situation, these findings suggest that much work remains to achieve full gender equality, where men and women really share the burdens and stressors in everyday life.
Writing and reading workshop: impact on reading motivation, reading amount and text comprehension
Authors: Zanobini Mirella , Rivella Carlotta , Viterbori Paola 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe article explores the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic reading motivation, reading amount and the comprehension of narrative and expository texts in lower secondary school students. In addition, we intended to verify the effect on these variables of an educational programme, the writing and reading workshop (WRW), aimed at promoting students' love of reading and useful reading strategies. The sample included 149 children attending the first year of lower secondary school. A longitudinal design with two steps of data collection was used. In five classes, teachers applied the WRW; the same number of classes were enrolled as a control group and the teachers applied the Italian traditional teaching programme. The experimental group achieved better results in narrative text comprehension and in reading amount after 1 year. Reading amount was found to mediate the relationship between the instructional method and reading comprehension. No effects of the teaching method were found on either intrinsic or extrinsic motivation.
Opening the door to writing relationalities: Moving writing and the teaching of writing
Authors: Honeyford Michelle , Watt Jennifer 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs writers are increasingly required to leave their ways of knowing, doing and being at the doors of their classrooms, this article explores what happens when teachers of writers open those doors and mobilize the Writing Realities framework's interrelated principles of writer‐identity, critical literacies, culturally sustaining pedagogy, multiliteracies, translanguaging and intertextuality. With examples from place‐writing and place‐walking experiences with educators in a Summer Writing Institute, we show the possibilities and potential for multiple and diverse writing realities and relationalities. The article explores how writing relationalities moves outward from those moments to (re)energize teachers to (re)engage in the pressing work of challenging the issues of equity and power in classrooms, and to know/be/teach writers/writing differently.
Capture–recapture estimates of Antarctic blue whale abundance and population growth rate
Authors: Olson Paula A. , Kinzey Douglas , Double Michael C. , Matsuoka Koji , Findlay Ken 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhoto‐identifications of Antarctic blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) collected from 2003/2004 to 2018/2019 were used in a capture–recapture analysis to estimate abundance and population growth rate for the circumpolar Antarctic. Two capture–recapture models, POPAN and Pradel, were applied to these data. Estimates of annual abundance and their variances from the left and right side photo data were inferred using multimodel averaging, weighted by corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc), of 26 model configurations with prespecified survival rates from .75 to 1.0. These estimates based on the left and right side databases were then combined using inverse‐variance averaging into single estimates for each year. The POPAN superpopulation estimate (total number of individuals present during the sampling period) was 3,506 whales, 95% confidence interval (CI) [2,107, 5,832]. The estimated abundance from the final year of the study in 2018/2019 was 1,817 whales, 95% CI [714, 4,624]. The abundance estimates in this study may be biased downwards due to capture heterogeneity as a result of unequal spatial sampling. Population growth rate estimates were 11% from Pradel and 10% from POPAN. These rates were within the confidence interval estimated by a previous study for Antarctic blue whale population growth rate.
Explaining the Concept of Moral Resilience in Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A Directed Content Analysis
Authors: Varasteh Saeideh , Nia Hamid Sharif , Navidhamidi Mojdeh , Esmaeili Maryam 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMoral resilience is an emerging concept that has not been fully acknowledged. The aim of this study is to explain lived experiences of moral resilience in intensive care units nurses. This is a qualitative study with a content analysis approach guided by the method of Elo and Kyngäs and based on the theoretical framework of Defilippis et al. Data were collected through 17 in‐depth, individual, and semi‐structured interviews with 17 nurses, who were selected by purposeful sampling. The results of the present study support the theory of Defilippis et al. while adding another category to it. Three categories of self‐awareness, harmonized connection, and moral well‐being, which are consistent with the result of Defilippis et al. were extracted deductively, while the category of moral agency was also extracted inductively from the data. The explanatory theory resulting from Defilippis et al.'s study can be used as a guide to cultivate and improve the moral resilience of nurses working in intensive care units. Moral resilience is fostered in nurses by nurturing and improving their capacities, such as self‐awareness, self‐efficacy, self‐confidence, and self‐reflection. These traits can help maintain and promote moral agency while establishing harmonized connections. Acquiring moral resilience skills can lead to positive outcomes and reduced moral distress.
Working Chance: Peirce's Semiotic Contrasted With Benner's Intuition and Illustrated Through a Semiosis of a Novel Event in the Context of Nursing
Authors: Bender Miriam 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAs a practicing clinical nurse, a phenomenon I experienced at times was the sudden acute sense that something was going wrong with a person in care at the sub‐critical unit in the hospital where I worked. In fact, many hospital nurses have their story of “something's not right” in relation to a person they were caring for/with, in that the day started with them on a coherent path to healing and then suddenly the nurse feels something is going very wrong, and yet there is nothing observable that would justify such a feeling. This feeling would be called “intuition” by many nurses, a concept most notably theorized in nursing by Patricia Benner in her extensive program of scholarship. Benner defines intuition as “understanding without rationale.” Benner opposes embodied intuition and rational abstract reasoning and creates criteria for the use of each by nursing depending on whether the clinical situation is familiar or novel. The philosophical idea is that the new must be reasoned with a different mode of thought than the familiar. Charles Sanders Peirce was a philosopher of reasoning. He defined logic as the theory of reasoning, which by the end of his career he was declaring was only another name for semiotic. Peirce argued that all reasoning/semiosis is done through signs, or more accurately sign‐activity. Semiotic is the philosophical schema providing the concepts and methods by which semiosis ‐ reasoning ‐ happens. Importantly, semiotic does not oppose different modes of thought, and conceptualizes reasoning as a process that functions in familiar as well as novel situations. In this paper I describe Peirce's philosophy of semiotic. I then provide an example relevant to nursing by conducting a semiosis of the nursing scenario above to show how nursing “works chance,” or novelty, in a way that doesn't need to resort to rational abstract reasoning and yet is different than Benner's notion of intuition.
The Meaning of Being a ‘Good Nurse’ in the ICU During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Haddad Ali Al , Arber Anne , Cox Anna , Gallagher Ann 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntensive care unit (ICU) nurses were at the forefront of patient care during the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic. To date, no studies have explored what it meant to be a ‘good nurse’ in this unique and challenging context. As such, the aim of this study was to construct the meaning of the ‘good nurse’ in ICUs during a pandemic. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 25 ICU nurses from three ICUs in Kuwait, who had worked during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The data were analysed using Charmaz's grounded theory methodology. The analysis showed that the good ICU nurse was defined by their sense of duty, which motivated compassionate and dedicated patient care. However, the nurses' attempts to demonstrate virtue also had negative consequences for them. Selflessness led to unsustainable self‐sacrifice, empathy led to emotional labour, and efforts to remain patient and respectful led to exhaustion as the nurses found themselves under increasing pressure. Attempts to remain mentally strong may have partially protected them from stress, but also deprived them of an outlet for authentic emotional expression and support. Ultimately, their efforts to preserve their quality of patient care despite the numerous challenges of the pandemic came at an increasing cost, and resulted in moral distress and impaired well‐being.
Leaf warming in the canopy of mature tropical trees reduced photosynthesis due to downregulation of photosynthetic capacity and reduced stomatal conductance
Authors: Crous Kristine Y. , Middleby Kali B. , Cheesman Alexander W. , Bouet Angelina Y. M. , Schiffer Michele , Liddell Michael J. , Barton Craig V. M. , Cernusak Lucas A. 
Published: December 2024

Summary

Tropical forests play a large role in the global carbon cycle by annually absorbing 30% of our annual carbon emissions. However, these forests have evolved under relatively stable temperature conditions and may be sensitive to current climate warming. Few experiments have investigated the effects of warming on large, mature trees to better understand how higher temperatures affect these forests in situ.

We targeted four tree species (Endiandra microneura, Castanospermum australe, Cleistanthus myrianthus and Myristica globosa) of the Australian tropical rainforest and warmed leaves in the canopy by 4°C for 8 months. We measured temperature response curves of photosynthesis and respiration, and determined the critical temperatures for chloroplast function based on Chl fluorescence.

Both stomatal conductance and photosynthesis were strongly reduced by 48 and 35%, respectively, with warming. While reduced stomatal conductance was likely in response to higher vapour pressure deficit, the biochemistry of photosynthesis responded to higher temperatures via reduced Vcmax25 (−28%) and Jmax25 (−29%). There was no shift of the Topt of photosynthesis. Concurrently, respiration rates at a common temperature did not change in response to warming, suggesting limited respiratory thermal acclimation.

This combination of physiological responses to leaf warming in mature tropical trees may suggest a reduced carbon sink with future warming in tropical forests.
Understanding Pediatric Anesthesiology Fellowship Interest: A National Survey of the Resident Experience
Authors: Carullo Philip , Khan Sabina , Nause‐Osthoff Rebecca , Gupta Ruchika , Xie James , Azamfirei Razvan , Tran Lieu , Wang Tammy 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe field of pediatric anesthesiology faces an impending shortage of fellowship‐trained physicians. Despite this projection, fewer anesthesiology residents are opting to pursue a fellowship. To better understand the current perspective and motivation of trainees to pursue a career in pediatric anesthesiology, we surveyed anesthesiology residents across the United States.AimsOur primary aims were to assess the understanding of the current workforce shortage as well as explore the impact of both exposure and characteristics of the anesthesia resident rotation on the decision to pursue pediatric anesthesiology fellowship.MethodsA 25‐question Qualtrics survey was distributed to members of the Pediatric Anesthesia Leadership Council and Education Committee within the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia and to anesthesiology residency program directors based in the United States.ResultsThe survey received 201 responses. Of the respondents, 29% were in Clinical Anesthesia Year 3, 25% in Year 2, 19% in Year 1, and 10% in their intern year. The analysis revealed that self‐reported adequate exposure to high‐acuity cases and advanced procedures (arterial lines, central lines, and nerve blocks) significantly increased the likelihood of planning to pursue pediatric anesthesiology fellowship (adjusted Odd Ratio 8.47, 95% Confidence Interval, 1.65–43.4). Perceptions of faculty teaching, mentor availability, planned practice environment, and the presence of fellowship programs at the institution were not significantly associated with intentions to pursue pediatric anesthesiology fellowship.ConclusionsThe journey toward specializing in pediatric anesthesiology is influenced by a complex interplay of factors. Among these, enhanced exposure to challenging cases and advanced procedures during the residency phase is emerging as a critical element. Such exposure not only equips residents with the necessary skills and confidence to handle complex pediatric anesthesia cases but also plays a pivotal role in attracting more trainees to this essential subspecialty.
Mosaic KRAS Mutation in Schimmelpenning–Feuerstein–Mims Syndrome With Overlapping Oculoectodermal Syndrome and Encephalocraniocutaneous Lipomatosis Features
Authors: Hanna Hyvönen , Kaisa Kettunen , Kristiina Avela , Sirpa Kivirikko , Leila Jeskanen , Sinikka Suominen , Päivi Salminen , Katariina Hannula‐Jouppi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe report a patient with clinically confirmed Schimmelpenning–Feuerstein–Mims (SFM) syndrome but many overlapping features with oculoectodermal syndrome (OES) and encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL). Whole exome sequencing revealed a mosaic KRAS c.436G>A, p.(Ala146Thr) mutation, previously identified in three OES and ECCL patients. These findings corroborate the evidence of SFM syndrome being a mosaic RASopathy, broaden the phenotypic spectrum of oculocutaneous mosaic RASopathies, and indicate SFM syndrome as a continuum of the OES–ECCL disorder spectrum.
Executive Functioning Across the Transition to Kindergarten: Links With Social and Academic Outcomes in Early Childhood
Authors: Memba Gabriela V. , Ostrov Jamie M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe current project investigates the longitudinal relations of executive functioning (EF) at the beginning of pre‐kindergarten, and outcomes of (mal)adjustment both at the end of pre‐kindergarten and beginning of the kindergarten. To examine this aim, a secondary analysis was conducted using a large, primarily low‐income and under‐represented early childhood sample (N = 476, M = 52.8 months old, 47.3% female, 60.8% Black and Hispanic/Latinx). Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analyses and longitudinal structural equation modelling. Results demonstrated that an affective conceptualization of EF predicted increases in social competence across the pre‐kindergarten year. When examining effects from the beginning of pre‐kindergarten to kindergarten, a traditional, non‐affective, conceptualization of EF predicted increases in academic achievement whereas affective EF skills predicted decreases in aggression. Importantly, conclusions are interpreted with caution given measurement limitations. Results from the current study provide insight regarding the development of EF during early childhood and the transition from preschool to kindergarten for a marginalized and under‐resourced population.
Effects of Solid-to-Fluid Conductivity Ratio on Thermal Convection in Fluid-Saturated Porous Media at Low Darcy Number
Authors: Bavandla K. C. , Srinivasan V. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study presents experimental data on the effects of the solid-to-fluid thermal conductivity ratio on natural convective heat transfer in a fluid-saturated porous medium heated from below. Argon is used as the saturating fluid, while a bed of glass, steel, or aluminum spheres constitutes the solid porous matrix. Emphasis is placed on attaining high Rayleigh numbers while maintaining low Darcy numbers (5.68×10−8≤Da≤5.22×10−7). At low modified Rayleigh numbers (Ra*) corresponding to the Darcy regime, the Nusselt number is independent of the medium conductivity. As Ra* increases and the system transitions into the Forchheimer regime, the data diverge, with Nusselt numbers decreasing with increased thermal conductivity ratio at a fixed Ra*. This nonintuitive result is shown to be the result of the traditional choice of Ra* and Da as the controlling parameter since the heat transfer coefficient appears independent of the conductivity ratio. Scaling arguments are used to identify transition points between the regimes, which yield the transition criterion Ra* ∼ Prp, where Prp is the modified Prandtl number. When the data are expressed by scaling with Prp, it is shown that the data for multiple parameter combinations collapse onto a single curve, which also agrees well with some theoretical predictions. In light of this finding, the data from available literature are assessed, and it is proposed that deviations from theory are likely the result of the strong porous medium condition (low Da) not being satisfied.
Physics-Assisted Machine Learning Models for Predicting Pool Boiling Critical Heat Flux for Cryogenic Fluids
Authors: Li Jiayuan , Kharangate Chirag R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cryogenic fluid management is highly crucial for NASAs space missions and one challenge identified by NASA is the tank fill process for pure cryogenic fluids. To date, no predictive tool can accurately estimate the pool boiling curve during this process. We aim to address this gap by first accurately predicting critical heat flux. We use both traditional machine learning and physics-assisted machine learning methods to predict critical heat flux on a large dataset of 1322 datapoints from 53 published studies with a wide range of operational conditions and surface properties. While the traditional machine learning approach used no prior knowledge in modeling, the physics-assisted machine learning approach assumes the correlation form of the Zuber instability model (Zuber, N., 1958, “On the stability of boiling heat transfer,” ASME Trans. ASME., 80(3), pp. 711–714) and predicts the multiplier for the hydrodynamic instability term to estimate the critical heat flux. Two groups of input features are compared including one with fluid-only properties and another with both fluid and solid surface properties. Various feature selection methods are employed to reduce the redundant features, and multiple machine learning models are used for modeling the dataset. Physics-assisted machine learning methods predict much better than traditional machine learning methods. The inclusion of solid properties further improves the predictions of critical heat flux across all models using physics-assisted method. Machine learning models are more stable when using physics-assisted methods compared to traditional methods. The best predictions are obtained using the extreme gradient boosting model based on the physics-assisted machine learning method resulting in a mean absolute percentage error of 8.88% which is far better than the semi-empirical correlations.
Entropic Analysis of the Maximum Output Power of Thermoradiative Cells
Authors: Zhang Zhuomin M. , Bohm Preston , Menon Akanksha K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this study, entropic analysis is combined with the detailed balance model to determine the maximum output power of thermoradiative (TR) cells, which are semiconductor devices that generate electric power from a heat source that emits photons to a cold reservoir. Previous studies used different models without addressing their interconnections and inherent assumptions. This work unifies these models by considering the modified Bose–Einstein distribution of photons and reveals the underlying relationship between different models. The findings provide useful insights on the application and optimization of emissive power generation devices for harvesting low-grade heat and space power generation.