bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐hoc physiological waveform extraction from motion estimation in simultaneous multislice (SMS) functional MRI using separate stack processing
Authors: Hocke Lia M. , Frederick Blaise B. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeMotion estimation is an essential step in functional MRI (fMRI) preprocessing. Usually, fMRI processing software packages (eg, FSL and AFNI) automatically estimate motion parameters in order to counteract the effects of motion. However, the time courses of the motion estimation for fMRI data also contain information about physiological processes. Here, we show that respiration and cardiac signals can be extracted from motion estimation at significantly higher bandwidth than is possible with current methods.MethodTo detect motion at high effective temporal resolution (HighRes), the motion parameters of stacks of simultaneously acquired slices were estimated separately, then combined. This method was validated by extracting physiological motion signals from resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) data (Enhanced Nathan Kline Institute—Rockland Sample) and comparing them to respiration belt and pulse oximeter signals.ResultsHighRes motion time‐courses with an effective sampling rate of 15.5 and 11.4 Hz were extracted from repetition time (TR) = 0.645 and 1.4 s data, respectively. Respiration waveforms were extracted with significantly higher accuracy than the original motion parameters. Even cardiac waveforms could be extracted, despite the fact that the sampling time or TR values were too long to sample cardiac frequencies.ConclusionHighRes motion traces provide insight into the subjects’ motion at higher frequencies than can be estimated using standard techniques. In its simplest form, this technique can recover accurate respiration signals and may reveal additional complexity in brain motion.
Fast and high‐resolution myelin water imaging: Accelerating multi‐echo GRASE with CAIPIRINHA
Authors: Piredda Gian Franco , Hilbert Tom , Canales‐Rodríguez Erick Jorge , Pizzolato Marco , von Deuster Constantin , Meuli Reto , Pfeuffer Josef , Daducci Alessandro , Thiran Jean‐Philippe , Kober Tobias 
Published: July 2020

PurposeAlthough several MRI methods have been explored to achieve in vivo myelin quantification, imaging the whole brain in clinically acceptable times and sufficiently high resolution remains challenging. To address this problem, this work investigates the acceleration of multi‐echo T2 acquisitions based on the multi‐echo gradient and spin echo (GRASE) sequence using CAIPIRINHA undersampling and adapted k‐space reordering patterns.MethodsA prototype multi‐echo GRASE sequence supporting CAIPIRINHA parallel imaging was implemented. Multi‐echo T2 data were acquired from 12 volunteers using the implemented sequence (1.6 × 1.6 × 1.6 mm3, 84 slices, acquisition time [TA] = 10:30 min) and a multi‐echo spin echo (MESE) sequence as reference (1.6 × 1.6 × 3.2 mm3, single‐slice, TA = 5:41 min). Myelin water fraction (MWF) maps derived from both acquisitions were compared via correlation and Bland‐Altman analyses. In addition, scan‐rescan datasets were acquired to evaluate the repeatability of the derived maps.ResultsResulting maps from the MESE and multi‐echo GRASE sequences were found to be correlated (r = 0.83). The Bland‐Altman analysis revealed a mean bias of −0.2% (P = .24) with the limits of agreement ranging from −3.7% to 3.3%. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient among MWF values obtained from the scan‐rescan datasets was found to be 0.95 and the mean bias equal to 0.11% (P = .32), indicating good repeatability of the retrieved maps.ConclusionBy combining a 3D multi‐echo GRASE sequence with CAIPIRINHA sampling, whole‐brain MWF maps were obtained in 10:30 min with 1.6 mm isotropic resolution. The good correlation with conventional MESE‐based maps demonstrates that the implemented sequence may be a promising alternative to time‐consuming MESE acquisitions.
The forming process of polymer melt droplet deposition three‐dimensional printing
Authors: Ma Haopeng , Jiao Zhiwei , Wang Chengshuo , Luo Bin , Yang Weimin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe polymer droplet deposition technology is a rapidly developing three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology, and is becoming a research hotspot. In this study, the qualitative relationship between the temperature‐field distribution and the forming quality was determined by using the finite‐element analysis, that is, the “birth and death of element” technology, the ANSYS parametric design language command. We obtained the relationship between process parameters and droplet size and droplet spacing through orthogonal experiments, and the theoretically optimal process parameters for droplet formation and arrangement were determined. We studied the relationship between the 3D spacing (Wx, Wy, and Wz) in the droplets and the product forming quality. We further optimized the theoretically optimal process parameters in the actual droplet deposition experiment, and finally determined the actual optimal droplet deposition process parameters as follows: the jet frequency is 14 Hz, the screw rotation speed is 10 rpm, the printing speed is 30 mm/s, and the printing distance is 1 mm. This article theoretically analyzed the influence of the polymer droplet deposition process on the forming quality from thermodynamic simulation and experiments that provide a theoretical basis for further improving the forming quality of the process.
Experimental Vapor Pressures of Hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX) and Hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitroso‐1,3,5‐triazine (TNX)
Authors: Bikelytė Greta , Härtel Martin A. C. , Klapötke Thomas M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this work experimental vapor pressures of hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX) and hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitroso‐1,3,5‐triazine (TNX) were measured with transpiration method. Corresponding enthalpies of sublimation were determined to be (130.9±2.1) kJ mol−1 and (108.1±1.6) kJ mol−1, respectively. Along with the experimental data fitting equations are reported and p‐T data extrapolated to 298.15 K to be 0.71 μPa for RDX and 823 μPa for TNX.
An improved measure of quality loss for notching processes
Authors: Wu Chia Huang , Hsu Ya Chen , Pearn Wen Lea 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNowadays, electronic products are progressively becoming thinner, lighter, and more convenient for people to use. Printed circuit boards, and especially integrated circuit (IC) substrates, are among the essential component of these products. The IC substrate not only protects circuits, fixes lines, and conducts heat, but is also the critical component that provides signal connectivity between the chip, the printed circuit boards, and other crucial parts during the packaging process. The process capability index Cpm is commonly used to assess the product quality loss for decision making in modern semiconductor packaging manufacturing. For high‐definition products, packaging processes often have very strict quality requirements and thus the quality inspection procedure is time‐consuming and complicated. Therefore, because of the limitation of manpower and capacity of the inspection instruments, the collected sample for quality assessment may be with small to moderate sample sizes. In this paper, we introduce an unbiased estimator for Cpm and provide a step‐by‐step parametric bootstrap procedure for obtaining a composite lower confidence bound on Cpm. To compare with the approaches discussed in the literature, numerical simulations are conducted under various process parameter settings. The results show that for small to moderate sample sizes, the proposed method applying the unbiased estimator has more accurate coverage rates than the existing methods. At the end of this paper, an application of quality loss assessment in notching processes is demonstrated.
Invasive macrophytes induce context‐specific effects on oxygen, pH, and temperature in a hydropeaking reservoir
Authors: Moore Thomas P. , Clearwater Susan J. , Duggan Ian C. , Collier Kevin J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDense macrophyte beds are known to produce extreme diurnal oxygen and temperature conditions in shallow lakes. However their influences in managed hydropeaking reservoirs has received limited attention. We measured dissolved oxygen, pH and water temperature in the Lake Karāpiro hydroreservoir, northern New Zealand, across a gradient of proportional water‐column height occupied by the invasive macrophytes Egeria densa and Ceratophyllum demersum, which dominated in the upper‐riverine (variable water inflow) and lower‐lacustrine (variable water level) sections, respectively. Hypoxia and anoxia events that occurred inside invasive macrophyte beds during their summer peak biomass accumulation period were more pronounced for C. demersum than for E. densa, and within the bottom 20% of the water column. In contrast, pH and temperature changed little in relation to proportional macrophyte height. Macrophyte species differences in the production of hypoxia and anoxia events increased when site‐specific hydropeaking management covariates (depth, inflows, water level) were accounted for. This association with hydropeaking likely resulted from contrasting hydrodynamics in the lower‐lacustrine and upper‐riverine lake sections, where oxygen can decrease with higher water levels and lower water inflow rates, respectively. During the course of our study, some macrophyte beds were treated with herbicide, enabling us to document prolonged and sustained hypoxic/anoxic conditions near the bottom following spraying. These results underscore the adverse effects of invasive macrophytes on water physicochemical attributes that sustain aquatic biota, and highlight the context‐dependent nature of these effects moderated by reservoir management for hydropeaking and macrophyte control.
Gas permeability and water retention of a repacked silty sand amended with different particle sizes of peanut shell biochar
Authors: Chen Zhongkui , Chen Chaowei , Kamchoom Viroon , Chen Rui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBiochar has been used as an eco‐friendly enhancer to alter soil microstructure and improve the mechanical and hydraulic properties of soil. Recent studies observed that variation in biochar particle size can affect its ability to alter soil microstructures. This poses a challenge to select the proper biochar particle size to manipulate soil properties to favor agricultural applications including crop cultivation or engineering design, such as landfill cover. This study experimentally investigated the influence of biochar particle size on soil microstructures and its effects on water retention and gas permeability (kg) of a repacked biochar‐amended soil (BAS). Peanut shell biochar with four different sizes, ranging from finer than 0.25 to >2 mm, was amended into silty sand. Change in microstructure of BAS was observed using a mercury intrusion porosimeter. Results indicated that the particle size of biochar played a significant role in altering soil microstructures. The addition of smaller biochar particles (i.e., <0.25 mm) decreased soil mesopores and macropores by ∼19%, resulting in greater water retention and reduction of kg by ∼31% at ∼0.35 air‐filled porosity. However, the mesopores and macropores of soil amended with larger biochar particles (i.e., >2 mm) increased threefold. This resulted in a reduction of water retention at low matric potential (i.e., lower than −3 kPa) and increased kg by up to 93% at ∼0.35 air‐filled porosity. These findings indicate that application of smaller biochar particles can enhance the water retention ability of the silty sand and reduce soil kg, which is beneficial to the water and air management of the biochar‐amended soil layers (i.e., as an aeration layer or sealing layer).
Combination product of dermal matrix, human mesenchymal stem cells, and timolol promotes diabetic wound healing in mice
Authors: Yang Hsin-ya , Fierro Fernando , So Michelle , Yoon Daniel J. , Nguyen Alan Vu , Gallegos Anthony , Bagood Michelle D. , Rojo-Castro Tomas , Alex Alan , Stewart Heather , Chigbrow Marianne , Dasu Mohan R. , Peavy Thomas R. , Soulika Athena M. , Nolta Jan A. , Isseroff R. Rivkah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers are a major health care concern with limited effective therapies. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies are promising treatment options due to their beneficial effects of immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and other paracrine effects. We investigated whether a bioengineered scaffold device containing hypoxia-preconditioned, allogeneic human MSCs combined with the beta-adrenergic antagonist timolol could improve impaired wound healing in diabetic mice. Different iterations were tested to optimize the primary wound outcome, which was percent of wound epithelialization. MSC preconditioned in 1 μM timolol at 1% oxygen (hypoxia) seeded at a density of 2.5 × 105 cells/cm2 on Integra Matrix Wound Scaffold (MSC/T/H/S) applied to wounds and combined with daily topical timolol applications at 2.9 mM resulted in optimal wound epithelialization 65.6% (24.9% ± 13.0% with MSC/T/H/S vs 41.2% ± 20.1%, in control). Systemic absorption of timolol was below the HPLC limit of quantification, suggesting that with the 7-day treatment, accumulative steady-state timolol concentration is minimal. In the early inflammation stage of healing, the MSC/T/H/S treatment increased CCL2 expression, lowered the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1B and IL6 levels, decreased neutrophils by 44.8%, and shifted the macrophage ratio of M2/M1 to 1.9 in the wound, demonstrating an anti-inflammatory benefit. Importantly, expression of the endothelial marker CD31 was increased by 2.5-fold with this treatment. Overall, the combination device successfully improved wound healing and reduced the wound inflammatory response in the diabetic mouse model, suggesting that it could be translated to a therapy for patients with diabetic chronic wounds.
Facile Engineering of Anti‐Inflammatory Nanotherapies by Host‐Guest Self‐Assembly
Authors: Yang Guoyu , Wu Peng , Yu Cong , Zhang Jianxiang , Song Jinlin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnti‐inflammatory drugs have been broadly used for the treatment of different diseases, but many of them have low water‐solubility, thereby leading to poor bioavailability and limited clinical benefits. Herein we report host‐guest assembly of nanotherapies based on different hydrophobic anti‐inflammatory drugs, in which β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD)‐conjugated polyethyleneimine (PEICDs) were used as host polymers. The spontaneous assembly and nanotherapy formation by PEICDs was first demonstrated using a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug indomethacin, showing high loading efficiencies and loading contents. Besides inclusion interactions, hydrogen‐bonding and electrostatic forces are responsible for effective host‐guest assembly. Moreover, this facile and robust approach can be generalized to other hydrophobic drugs. Due to the amorphous distribution of loaded drug molecules in nanotherapies, they can be rapidly and completely released, with the release rate relevant to the binding free energy between drug and β‐CD. Accordingly, this host‐guest assembly strategy is promising for developing effective anti‐inflammatory nanotherapies.
EDOT Based Terpolymers: Facile Synthesis via Direct C‐H Arylation and Barrier Layer in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Panigrahi Pranshula , Mallick Manoj K. , Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay K. , Palai Akshaya K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report the synthesis and characterization of three 3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene (EDOT) based terpolymers. The polymers were synthesized in excellent yield via direct C−H arylation reaction between EDOT, 9,9‐di‐(2’‐ethylhexyl)‐2,7‐dibromofluorene and 1,3‐dibromo‐7‐tert‐butylpyrene. The solubility of these terpolymers in common organic solvents has been facilitated by the presence of alkyl side chains. The synthesized polymers have been characterized through gel permeation chromatography, 1H‐Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H‐NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis), and fluorescence spectroscopy. The polymers show optical band gaps in the range of 2.06 ‐ 2.17 eV and HOMO levels of −4.71 eV to −4.70 eV relative to vacuum as determined by UV visible and Cyclic Voltammetry respectively. Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSC) using selected terpolymer (TP‐1) as a barrier layer have been fabricated and enhancement in photovoltaic properties was evaluated.
The Study on Higher Alcohols Synthesis from Syngas over CuZnAl Catalysts Derived from Hydrotalcite‐Like Precursors
Authors: Zhang Sai , Gao Zhihua , Liu Yan , Bai Nan , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA series of CuZnAl catalysts with different Al contents were derived from hydrotalcite‐like precursors prepared by the coprecipitation method. Activity evaluation of the catalyst for higher alcohols synthesis from syngas was investigated, and the catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, H2‐TPR, CO2‐TPD‐MS and CO‐TPD‐MS. The results revealed that different Al content showed an influence on the dispersion of the reducible Cu species, the specific surface area, the surface alkali strength and the adsorption capacity of CO, which affecting the CO conversion and the selectivity of higher alcohols. Catalysts with strong interaction between CuO and Al species, more medium and strong basic sites, and adequate CO dissociation adsorption benefited production of higher alcohols.
Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of Anti‐Leukemic Potency of Some Novel Azo‐Naphthol Dyes Conjugated with Metal Nanoparticles as Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Khalifa Mohamed E. , Elkhawass Elham A. , Ninomiya Masayuki , Tanaka Kaori , Koketsu Mamoru 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSynthesis of some new mono azo organic compounds, based on 1‐arylazo‐2‐naphthol nucleus is performed by diazo‐coupling strategy of β‐naphthol with different 1ry aromatic amines. Interestingly, the monoazo products undergo functionalized reactions to obtain the target azo naphthol derivatives (3–14). The synthesized dyes are conjugated with gold and/ or silver nanoparticles by electrostatic interaction. Photodynamic therapeutic efficiencies of the synthesized naphthol azo dyes and their conjugates have been evaluated against promyelocytic leukemia cell lines (HL‐60) in dark and light conditions. Dye‐Nanometal conjugates act as photosensitizers (PSs) exhibiting an enhancement of the optical properties as well as in photodynamic therapeutic efficiencies in variable degrees depending on dye structure.
Progress in Cyclizations of 4‐Acetylenic Ketones: Synthesis of Furans and Pyrroles
Authors: Wang Yeming , Zhang Chaoqun , Li Shizhe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract4‐Acetylenic ketones are a class of useful and important synthons with functionalized alkynes and carbonyl groups in one molecular skeleton. They displayed unique reactivity via cyclizations that provided access to multi‐functional furans and pyrroles. This minireview offers a comprehensive coverage of the development of their multifaceted reactivity for synthetic applications in furans and pyrroles.
Two Routes for the Synthesis of Phosphorothioates via P‐S Coupling Reaction of Dialkyl Phosphites with Thiols or a Mixture of Alkyl Halides and Thiourea in the Presence of CaO
Authors: Kaboudin Babak , Noori Fariba , Dehghani Leila , Alavi Sajedeh , Kazemi Foad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this report, two routes for the synthesis of phosphorothioatesviaa P−S cross coupling reaction of thiols with dialkyl phosphites or a three component reaction of alkyl halides, thiourea and dialkyl phosphite in the presence of CaO has been studied. By presented methods, various phosphorothioates are obtained under transition metal‐free condition. The reactions are proceeded with formation of a known intermediate of disulfideviathe oxidation of thiols and followed by nucleophilic substitution of dialkyl phosphite with the disulfide intermediate gave phosphorothioate.
Diversity‐oriented Functionalization of Cyclodienes Through Selective Cycloaddition/Ring‐opening/Cross‐metathesis Protocols; Transformation of a “Flatland” into Three‐dimensional Scaffolds With Stereo‐ and Regiocontrol
Authors: Kiss Loránd , Benke Zsanett , Remete Attila M. , Fülöp Ferenc 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article presents selective transformations of some readily available cyclodienes through simple chemical procedures into novel functionalized small‐molecular entities. The syntheses hereby described involved selective cycloadditions, followed by ring‐opening metathesis of the resulting β‐lactam or isoxazoline derivatives and selective cross‐metathesis by differentiation of the olefin bonds on the alkenylated heterocycles. The cross‐metathesis transformations have been detailed, which were performed under various experimental conditions with the aim of exploring chemodiscrimination of the olefin bonds and delivering the corresponding functionalized β‐lactam or isoxazoline derivatives.
Use of plants in the remediation of arsenic‐contaminated waters
Authors: Berg Elisa C. , Borges Alisson C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractArsenic‐contaminated waters represent environmental and public health problems. The use of plants has emerged as a viable, cost‐effective, and low environmental impact alternative to treat these polluted waters. This review presents studies published in the year 2019 on phytoremediation covering the effects observed on plants, trends in plant species selection and treatment of arsenic‐rich biomass. Studies on application of this technology are exposed through constructed (treatment) wetlands, and a brief contextualization on the impacts of arsenic contamination was also performed.Practitioner points

Arsenic is a toxic element that can be found in aquatic environments, and phytoremediation is a promising technology for treating waters contaminated by this pollutant.

Constructed wetlands are a form of wastewater treatment that uses phytoremediation and other processes to remove arsenic from waters.

Trends in future studies involve understanding the plants physiological anti‐stress responses, treatment of contaminated biomass and application of constructed wetlands on a full scale.
Non‐holonomic rolling of a ball on the surface of a rotating cylinder
Authors: Ivanova Tatiana B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the motion of a homogeneous heavy ball rolling without slipping on the surface of a rotating cylinder in two settings: a setting without dissipation and a setting with rolling friction torque which is proportional to the angular velocity of the ball. In both cases we assume that there exists a non‐holonomic constraint that corresponds to the condition that there be no slipping at the point of contact. In the first case, the system of five differential equations on the level set of first integrals is reduced to quadratures. To define possible types of motion, we carry out a bifurcation analysis of the reduced system. In the case with friction we show that all trajectories shift on average downward and the ball falls.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Changes to Working Life: What Supports Adult Employees in Adapting to New Technology at Work?
Authors: Nygren Hanna , Virolainen Maarit , Hämäläinen Raija , Rautopuro Juhani 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter aims to increase current understanding of adults’ individual learning pathways and needs when adapting to new technology. We review adults’ overall technology skills and depict, through chosen examples, how adults have adapted to technological change in their working lives. We present prior research on the challenges that the Fourth Industrial Revolution poses to adults’ further education, and based on the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), we review adults’ problem-solving skills in technology-rich environments. Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of design-based education and the need for companies to flexibly address adults with skill-shortages, who need to develop their problem-solving abilities in technology-rich environments.