bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of infants born to pregnant women with syphilis: A nationwide study in Korea
Authors: Lim Joohee , Yoon So Jin , Shin Jeong Eun , Han Jungho , Lee Soon Min , Eun Ho Seon , Park Min soo , Park Kook In 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAlthough expansion of antenatal syphilis screening programs, congenital syphilis (CS) is still remaining issue. This study aimed to analyze the manifestation and progress of CS including treatment and follow-up based on nationwide study.MethodsFrom the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, a total of 548 infants were examined for CS during first year of life from 2013 to 2018. Neurosyphilis and complications were investigated using International Classification of Diseases-10 codes.ResultsThe birth rate from mother with syphilis was 2.8 per 10,000 live birth for 5 years, not showing tendency to decrease. One hundred forty-eight infants were proven or highly probable or possible for CS with treatment over 10 days. Sixty-six infants were possible or less likely CS with only 1-day treatment. Jaundice (56%) was most common and hearing impairment (14%), renal disease (8%), mental retardation (8%) followed. Total of 14 cases of neurosyphilis occurred. Patients who have complications such as mental retardation, eye involvement, hearing impairment and renal disease were significantly associated with neurosyphilis (OR 8.49, P < 0.0001). Among 250 patients with treatment, 92.8% was treated with 1 medication; Benzathine penicillin G was more used (72.4%) than aqueous crystalline penicillin G. Only 4 patients were retreated due to treatment failure. In addition to the treponemal test, fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption was the most prescribed tool of diagnosis for follow up.ConclusionSharing a standardized guideline for evaluation and treatment regimens and follow up plan at a national level is needed for maternal neonatal care leading to eradication of CS.
Correlation between sarcopenia and arteriosclerosis in elderly community dwellers: A multicenter study
Authors: Sun Ting , Ma Zuchang , Gao Lisheng , Xie Hui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Evidence suggests that arteriosclerosis and sarcopenia (decreased muscle mass) share some of their many causes. However, after controlling for confounding factors, it is unclear whether the presence of arteriosclerosis correlates with sarcopenia. The aim of this paper is to explore whether sarcopenia is associated with arteriosclerosis.
Methods

A total of 2511 elderly subjects from six Chinese community health service centers in Anhui province were surveyed through an e-health promotion system to collect basic data and measurements of brachial-ankle pulse wave (baPWV), body composition, and handgrip strength (HGS). Pearson's correlation and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associations between sarcopenia and high baPWV.
Results

The prevalence rates of sarcopenia were 12.9% in men and 15.3% in women according to the 2019 standard of Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Among subjects with high baPWV, the proportion of sarcopenia was higher compared to those with normal baPWV (men: 17.7% vs 3.7%; women: 20.4% vs 4.9%, both P < 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that sarcopenia was associated with high baPWV (P < 0.0001, odds ratio 1.619) after adjusting for confounding factors. HGS slightly and negatively correlated with baPWV (-0.19 in men and − 0.18 in women).
Conclusions

The intertwined pathophysiological mechanisms shared by arteriosclerosis and sarcopenia are potential targets for future interventions to reduce morbimortality in subjects with both disorders. Upcoming prospective studies and clinical trials are expected to advance these findings.
Folic Acid Conjugated PEG-PCL-PEG Triblock Copolymer Nanoparticles for Enhanced Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil to HT29 Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Mirzaghavami Parvin Sadat , Khoei Samideh , Khoee Sepideh , Shirvalilou Sakine 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In the current study, folic acid conjugated magnetite PEG-PCL-PEG triblock copolymer were synthesized and loaded with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU-SPION-PEG-PCL-PEG-FA) for targeted delivery of drug to HT29 colon cancer cells.Methods: The cytotoxic effect and cellular uptake of synthesized nanoparticles was assessed on HUVEC and HT29 cell lines. In addition, antitumor effects of nanoparticles were investigated based on gene expression of Bax and Bcl2, Annexin V/PI staining, ROS production and colony formation.Results: As compared to 5-FU, an improvement in therapeutic index was demonstrated for 5-FU-SPION-PEG-PCL-PEG-FA according to cytotoxicity induced in HUVEC and HT29 cells. In addition, 5-FU-SPION-PEG-PCL-PEG-FA was found to be more antitumor efficient in comparison to 5-FU based on Bax/Bcl2 ratio, percentage of cell death, ROS production and colony formation ability (P<0.05).Conclusion: The obtained results suggested that 5-FU-SPION-PEG-PCL-PEG-FA could be considered as promising targeted drug delivery system.
Anxiety and Depression Are Risk Factors for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Nested Case-control Study
Authors: Wang Yanxia , Meng Zhaoyan , Pei Jianyin , Qian Liu , Mao Baohong , Li Yamei , Li Jing , Dai Zhirong , Cao Jianing , Zhang Chunhua , Chen Lina , Jin Yuxia , Yi Bin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the depression–anxiety interaction with the development of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Methods: A nested case–control study involving 2,558 participants was conducted with data from the prospective Miscarriage Woman Cohort study between 2017 and 2019 in the province of Gansu, China. The questionnaire data, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and the Self-Rating Depression Scale were collected after each participant’s first miscarriage. Information on RPL outcomes was obtained from the medical records within the subsequent two years. The logistic regression and the addition and multiplication interaction effects between anxiety and depression to RPL were analysed.Results: The prevalence of anxiety (28.7% vs. 19.5%) and depression symptoms (48.6% vs. 41.3%) for the 1,132 RPL cases were higher than 1,426 non-RPL controls (P< 0.001). After adjustment for possible confounding variables, compared with the non-RPL participants without depression and anxiety symptoms, the odds ratio (OR) value, reflecting the multiplicative interaction, was 2.788 (95%CI: 1.511–5.144, P < 0.001) for cases with both anxiety and depression symptoms. Moreover, among these, the OR for cases with mild anxiety and severe depression was 5.369 (95%CI: 1.074–26.832, P < 0.001), and the OR for cases with severe anxiety and mild depression was 5.339 (95%CI: 1.033–27.590, P < 0.001). The relative excess risk of interaction value (RERI), reflecting the additive interaction between anxiety and depression to RPL was also 1.148 (95%CI: 0.316–4.212).Conclusions: Either depression or anxiety alone could increase risk of subsequent RPL. There also was a synergistic effect of anxiety and depression after the first miscarriage that increased the development of subsequent RPL disease.
Surgical Sites Infection After Gastrointestinal Surgeries in a Public Teaching Hospital in Sudan
Authors: Hassan Rawan Sharaf Eldein Elamein , Osman Sarah Osman Sayed , Aabdeen Mohamed Abdulmonem Salih , Mohamed Walid Elhaj Abdelrahim , Hassan Razan Sharaf Eldein Elamein , Mohamed Sagad Omer Obeid 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are common healthcare-associated infections and associated with prolonged hospital stays, additional financial burden, and significantly hamper the potential benefits of surgical interventions. Causes of SSIs are multi-factorials and patients undergoing gastrointestinal tract (GIT) procedures carry a high risk of bacterial contamination. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, associated factors, and causing microorganisms of SSIs among patients undergoing GIT surgeries.Methods: A hospital based, cross-sectional study conducted at Soba University Hospital (SUH) in Khartoum, Sudan. We included all patients from all age groups attending the GIT surgical unit at SUH between September-December 2017. We collected data about the socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors of SSI, and isolated microorganisms from patients with SSIs. Data analysis was done using the SPSS software version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). A Chi-square test was conducted to determine the relationship between the independent categorical variables and the occurrence of SSI. The significance level for all analyses was set at p < .05.Results: A total of 80 participants were included in the study. The mean age was 51 +/- 16 years and most of the patients (67.5%) did not have any chronic illness prior to the surgical operation. Most of them (46.3%) of them underwent large bowel surgery. Twenty-two patients (27.5%) developed SSI post operatively and superficial SSI was the most common type of SSIs (81.8%). Occurrence of SSI was found to be associated with long operation time (p > .001), malignant nature of the disease (p > .001), intra-operative blood loss (p > .001), and intra-operative hypotension (p =.013). The most prevalent microorganism isolated from SSI patients was E coli (47.8%), followed by Enterococcus fecalis (13.0%) and combined Pseudomonas aeruginosa + E coli infection (13.0%).Conclusion: The results showed a high prevalence of SSIs among patients attending the GIT unit in SUH and the most prevalent microorganism isolated from them was E coli. Measures should be taken to reduce the magnitude of SSI by mitigating the identified associated factors.
Protective Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Dropping Pills Against Liver Ischemia/reperfusion Injury in Mice
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhang Ping , Wang Qingqing , Sheng Xueping , Zhang Jianbing , Lu Xiaoyan , Fan Xiaohui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an inevitable pathological phenomenon in various clinical conditions, such as liver transplantation, resection surgery, or shock, which is the major cause of morbidity and mortality after operation. Ginkgo Biloba Dropping Pill (GBDP) is a unique Chinese Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract preparation that exhibits a variety of beneficial biological activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of GBDP on the liver I/R injury both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) experiments were performed in AML-12 cells and primary hepatocytes, which were pretreated with GBDP (60 or 120 μg/mL) followed by incubation in a hypoxia chamber. Cell viability and cell apoptosis were detected by MTT assay and annexin V staining respectively. C57BL/6 mice were used to establish liver I/R injury model, and were pretreated with GBDP (100 or 200 mg/kg/day, i.g.) for two weeks. Liver damage was detected by plasma levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). Liver necrosis and neutrophil infiltration were determined by H&E and myeloperoxidase immunohistochemistry staining. Finally, TUNEL staining and western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins were used to investigate the anti-apoptotic effect of GBDP. Results: In the in vitro study, GBDP pretreatment improved the cell viability of AML-12 cells in H/R injury model. Similarly, the same result was found in the primary hepatocytes isolated from C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, GBDP decreased the number of apoptotic cells induced by H/R. In the in vivo study, oral administration of GBDP ameliorated liver injury evidenced by a significant decline in the levels of ALT and AST. Furthermore, the result of H&E staining showed that GBDP reduced the size of necrosis area. In addition, the decreased infiltration of neutrophils indicated that GBDP may play an anti-inflammatory effect. More importantly, GBDP reduced TUNEL-positive cells and the expression of Bax and caspase-3 in liver indicating GBDP has anti-apoptotic effects.Conclusion: Our findings elucidated that GBDP has potential effects for protecting against liver I/R injury characterized by its anti-apoptotic, anti-necrotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which would promisingly make a contribution to the exploration of therapeutic strategies in the liver I/R injury.
Development of an Autonomous Wheelchair for The Disabled and Performance Analysis Using ANFIS Model
Authors: Okwu Modestus O. , Tartibu Lagouge K. , Ayomoh Michael , Ighalo Daniel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Navigation for persons with physical disability very often poses a major challenge to both the victims and their dedicated navigation assistance-provider. This age-long problem has been a major concern in diverse research fields in the literature ranging from assistive medicine to applied intelligence amongst others. This research work is a build-up to the literature, hence, has presented an automated wheelchair system designed, fabricated and enhanced with joystick capability for obstacle detection and autonomous stoppage. A microcontroller unit known as Arduino uno was built into the system architecture to synchronise the entire set-up by driving the DC motor for directional and linear motion of the wheel chair. The developed system would greatly improve the community of people who have lost some means of independent mobility thereby leading to an improvement in their self-esteem enabling them pursue their vocational and educational goals. Conclusively, the developed system was tested using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), the sensitivity rule viewer at the first trial gave a total intelligence of 63.8%, further improvement was made and a second trial gave a rating of 75% and the final gave a value of approximately 80%. This shows that the system is efficient, effective and of excellent performance.
Telomere Length De Novo Assembly of all 7 Chromosomes and Mitogenome Sequencing of the Model Entomopathogenic Fungus, Metarhizium Brunneum, by Means of a Novel Assembly Pipeline
Authors: Saud Zack , Kortsinoglou Alexandra M. , Kouvelis Vassili N. , Butt Tariq M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
More accurate and complete reference genomes have improved understanding of gene function, biology, and evolutionary mechanisms. Hybrid genome assembly approaches leverage benefits of both long, relatively error-prone reads from third-generation sequencing technologies and short, accurate reads from second-generation sequencing technologies, to produce more accurate and contiguous de novo genome assemblies in comparison to using either technology independently. In this study, we present a novel hybrid assembly pipeline that allowed for both mitogenome de novo assembly and telomere length de novo assembly of all 7 chromosomes of the model entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum. The improved assembly allowed for better ab initio gene prediction and a more BUSCO complete proteome set has been generated in comparison to the eight current NCBI reference Metarhizium spp. genomes. Remarkably, we note that including the mitogenome in ab initio gene prediction training improved overall gene prediction. The assembly was further validated by comparing contig assembly agreement across various assemblers, assessing the assembly performance of each tool. Genomic synteny and orthologous protein clusters were compared between Metarhizium brunneum and three other Hypocreales species with complete genomes, identifying core proteins, and listing orthologous protein clusters shared uniquely between the two entomopathogenic fungal species, so as to further facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanisms underpinning fungal-insect pathogenesis. The novel assembly pipeline may be used for other haploid fungal species, facilitating the need to produce high-quality reference fungal genomes, leading to better understanding of fungal genomic evolution, chromosome structuring and gene regulation.
The Effect of Daily Intake of Vitamin D-Fortified Yogurt Drink, With and Without Added Calcium, on Serum Adiponectin and Sirtuins 1 and 6 in Adult Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Nikooyeh Bahareh , Hollis Bruce W. , Neyestani Tirang R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThere is evidence suggesting an effect of vitamin D on glycemic status through mediators including adiponectin and sirtuins.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of daily intake of vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink, either with or without added calcium, on serum adiponectin, sirtuins (SIRT)1 and 6. DesignBriefly, 75 adults aged 30-60 yrs from both sexes with type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to one of the three groups: (i) D-fortified-yogurt drink (DY; containing 1000 IU vitamin D and 300 mg calcium), (ii) Ca+D-fortified-yogurt drink (CDY; containing 1000 IU vitamin D and 500 mg calcium) and (iii) plain yogurt drink (PY; containing no detectable vitamin D and 300 mg calcium). All assessments were performed initially and after 12 weeks. ResultsA significant within-group increment in serum adiponectin concentrations was observed in both DY and CDY groups (+60.4± 8.6, +57.5± 6.4 µg/L, respectively; p<0.001 for both). The concentrations of SIRT1 and SIRT6 had a significant within-group increment only in the CDY group (p=0.003, p=0.001 respectively). Being in CDY group was more favorable predictor of improvement in SIRT6 concentrations. Changes of 25(OH)D was a significant predictor of changes of adiponectin. However, this association disappeared following adjustment for changes of SIRT1. In contrast, the association between changes of 25(OH)D and HbA1c remained significant even after adjustment for SIRT1. ConclusionDaily consumption of vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink for 12 weeks resulted in an increase in circulating concentrations of SIRT1 and SIRT6 in T2D subjects and D+Ca-fortified yogurt drink was more in favor of SIRT6 increment.
Understanding Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Implementing Deprescribing for Older People Living in Long-term Residential Care Homes: The STOPPING Study Protocol
Authors: Warmoth Krystal , Day Jo , Cockcroft Emma , Reed Donald Nigel , Pollock Lucy , Coxon George , Heneker Julia , Walton Bridget , Stein Ken 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Older people with multimorbidity often experience polypharmacy. Taking multiple medicines can be beneficial; however, some older adults are prescribed multiple medicines when they are unlikely to improve clinical outcomes and may lead to harm. Deprescribing means reducing or stopping prescription medicines which may no longer be providing benefit. While appropriate deprescribing may usually be safely undertaken, there is a lack of guidance about how to implement it in practice settings such as care homes. Implementing deprescribing in care homes is often challenging, due to differing concerns of residents, staff, clinicians, friends/family members and carers along with differences in care home structures. The STOPPING study will support the development of better deprescribing practice in care homes, considering different views and environments. This paper aims to introduce the research protocol. Methods: We will use qualitative approaches informed by the widely accepted Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to aid analysis. To understand the barriers, facilitators and contextual factors influencing deprescribing in care homes, we will employ individual interviews with care home residents and family members, focus groups with care home staff and healthcare professionals, and observations from care homes. Then, we will examine acceptability, feasibility, and suitability of existing deprescribing approaches using cognitive interviews with care home staff and healthcare professionals. Lastly, we will use narrative synthesis to integrate findings and develop guidance for implementing a deprescribing approach for care homes.Discussion: This research will support the development of implementable approaches to deprescribing in care homes. The insights from this project will be shared with various stakeholders: care home residents, staff, pharmacists, general practitioners, nurses, and other health professionals, carers, researchers, and the public. This work will support deprescribing to be implemented effectively in care homes to benefit residents and the wider health economy.
The Next Challenge in Implementation Science: Transferring Implementation Strategy Knowledge and Skills
Authors: Kirchner JoAnn E , Dollar Katherine M. , Smith Jeffrey L. , Pitcock Jeffery A. , Curtis Nyssa D. , Morris Krissi K. , Fletcher Terri L. , Toper David R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Complex evidence-based clinical innovations are challenging to implement, with many settings requiring implementation assistance to increase likelihood of innovation uptake with fidelity. Implementation science researchers are identifying evidence-based implementation strategies that support the uptake of evidence-based practices and other clinical innovations. However, there is limited information regarding how to develop methods to educate implementation practitioners on the use of implementation strategies and how to sustain these competencies over time. We developed, initiated, and evaluated an implementation training program for both implementation researchers and practitioners.Methods: Participants who attended 7 trainings were asked to complete an electronic survey 2 weeks before training, immediately post-training, and 6 months post-training. We assessed participant knowledge and confidence in applying implementation facilitation skills using a 4-point Likert scale. Scores were compared at baseline to those provided post-training and at 6 months, as well as post-training to 6 months post-training (using nonparametric Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests).Results: One hundred and two participants (76 in-person, 26 virtually) completed the pre-and post-training evaluation. Participants reported a significant increase in perceived knowledge and confidence across all implementation facilitation domains from pre- to post-training and pre- to 6-month training follow up. There was no significant difference between virtual and in-person participants. When comparing post-training to 6-months, increases in perceptions of knowledge remained unchanged though half of the domains showed significantly lower perceived confidence to apply facilitation skills. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that we have developed and conducted an effective Implementation Facilitation Program with participants reporting significant increased knowledge and confidence applying implementation facilitation skills. These results were sustained among trainees at 6 months post-training, as participants reported perceived improvements in knowledge and confidence in applying implementation facilitation skills in all domains. Additionally, knowledge and confidence change scores did not differ based on in-person versus virtual attendance, suggesting that implementation training can successfully be provided to a remote site without loss of knowledge/skills transfer. The decrease in perceived confidence in applying skills from post-training to 6-months post training in some areas indicate a need for ongoing support of facilitation practitioners.