bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the potential and application of crowdsourced urban wind data
Authors: Droste Arjan M. , Heusinkveld Bert G. , Fenner Daniel , Steeneveld Gert‐Jan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe use of crowdsourcing – obtaining large quantities of data through the Internet – has been of great value in urban meteorology. Crowdsourcing has been used to obtain urban air temperature, air pressure, and precipitation data from sources such as mobile phones or personal weather stations (PWSs), but so far wind data have not been researched. Urban wind behaviour is highly variable and challenging to measure, since observations strongly depend on the location and instrumental set‐up. Crowdsourcing can provide a dense network of wind observations and may give insight into the spatial pattern of urban wind. In this study, we evaluate the skill of the popular “Netatmo” PWS anemometer against a reference for a rural and an urban site. Subsequently, we use crowdsourced wind speed observations from 60 PWSs in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, to analyse wind speed distributions of different Local Climate Zones (LCZs). The Netatmo PWS anemometer appears to systematically underestimate the wind speed, and episodes with rain or high relative humidity degrade the measurement quality. Therefore, we developed a quality assurance (QA) protocol to correct PWS measurements for these errors. The applied QA protocol strongly improves PWS data to a point where they can be used to infer the probability density distribution of wind speed of a city or neighbourhood. This density distribution consists of a combination of two Weibull distributions, rather than the typical single Weibull distribution used for rural wind speed observations. The limited capability of the Netatmo PWS anemometer to measure near‐zero wind speed causes the QA protocol to perform poorly for periods with very low wind speeds. However, results for a year‐long wind speed climatology of the wind speed are satisfactory, as well as for a shorter period with higher wind speeds.
Dendrimer with Interior Cavity as Catalytic Pockets for Substrate Molecules: Synthesis of Bisimidazoles and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Baby Sherlymole Parackal , Ronaldo Anuf Alexander , Anjali Krishna Gopalakrishnan , Sreekumar Krishnapillai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDendritic nanostructure with the catalytic moiety covalently attached within the core domain and protected from the environment by a polymeric shell was synthesized successfully. This prospective will focus on the exclusive features observed for such a catalytic system with reactive sites present both at the core and the periphery and highlight its potential as enzyme mimics, by synthesizing different bisimidazoles following the MCR method, at room temperature. An unprecedented reaction rate and high yield of products were obtained within a short time, which is supposed to be its ability to form reverse micelle in the core, where the substrates are adequately concentrated. This is the first reported synthesis of bisimidazoles, using the homogeneous PAMAM dendrimer as a basic organocatalyst. The newly synthesized bisimidazoles obtained from bis(3‐aminopropyl)amine were subjected to molecular docking studies against anticancer protein receptor using AutoDock Vina software, to evaluate their activity against breast cancer cell line (3HB5).
Asymmetric Synthesis of Methyl Specifically Labelled L‐Threonine and Application to the NMR Studies of High Molecular Weight Proteins
Authors: Ayala Isabel , Chiari Lucile , Kerfah Rime , Boisbouvier Jerome , Gans Pierre , Hamelin Olivier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMethyl groups are valuable probes for solution NMR, allowing the investigation of large protein complexes. Among the six methyl containing residues, threonine has one of the less hydrophobic side chain, and can reside both within the interior of a protein or on the protein surface. This article presents an efficient mixed chemical/enzymatic synthesis scheme, enabling the preparation of threonine with natural configuration on the two stereogenic centers together with an optimal introduction of 1H/2H and 12C/13C atoms at specific sites. Such specifically labelled amino acid can be efficiently incorporated in overexpressed proteins without scrambling or in combination with any other types of 13CH3 probes. Additionally we report application to the 82 kDa Malate Synthase G. Our findings demonstrate that structural meaningful long range nOes can be detected between threonine methyl probes and methionine and isoleucine methyl groups distant by 12 Å.
Biomimetic Engineering of a Scavenger‐Free Nitric Oxide‐Generating/Delivering System to Enhance Radiation Therapy
Authors: Lin Yu‐Jung , Chen Chun‐Chieh , Nguyen Dang , Su Huei‐Rou , Lin Kun‐Ju , Chen Hsin‐Lung , Hu Yu‐Jung , Lai Po‐Liang , Sung Hsing‐Wen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a potent tumor‐cell radiosensitizer but it can be readily scavenged by hemoglobin (Hb) in vivo. A biomimetic incubator that can generate and deliver NO in a scavenger (Hb)‐free environment to enhance its radiosensitizing effect to maximize its efficacy in radiotherapy is proposed. This NO incubator comprises a poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) hollow microsphere (HM) that contains an NO donor (NONOate) and a surfactant molecule (sodium caprate, SC) in its aqueous core. In acidic tumorous environments, the PLGA shell of the HM allows the penetration of protons from the outside, activating the hydrolytic cleavage of NONOate, spontaneously generating NO bubbles, which are immediately trapped/stabilized by SC. The SC‐stabilized NO bubbles in the HM are then squeezed through the spaces of its PLGA matrices by the elevated internal pressure. Upon leaving the HM, the entrapped NO molecules may passively diffuse through their SC‐stabilized/protected layer gradually to the tumor site, having a long‐lasting radiosensitizing effect and inhibiting tumor growth. The entire process of NO generation and delivery is conducted in a scavenger (Hb)‐free environment, mimicking the development of young ovoviviparous fish inside their mothers' bodies in the absence of predators before birth.
The removal efficiency and mechanism of microplastic enhancement by positive modification dissolved air flotation
Authors: Wang Yonglei , Li Ya'nan , Tian Liping , Ju Ling , Liu Yulei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs) are widely distributed in freshwater and have the following characteristics: small size, strong hydrophobicity, difficult degradation, and easy adsorption of toxic substances. These characteristics pose a potential threat to the environment and human health. In this paper, three common MPs in freshwater were removed by conventional dissolved air flotation (DAF) and positive modification DAF (Posi‐DAF). The results showed that the optimal removal efficiency of MPs by conventional DAF was 32%–38% at 0.4–0.5 MPa. This indicated that the adhesion between microbubbles (MBs) and MPs was not ideal when the hydrophilic/hydrophobic interaction was the dominant mechanism. However, the removal efficiency of MPs was increased by 13.6%–33.7% compared with that of conventional DAF after two surface modifiers were used on MBs. This result indicated that in addition to the hydrophilic/hydrophobic interaction, both charge attraction and sweeping had positive effects.Practitioner points

The removal efficiency and mechanism of MPs by posi‐DAF were investigated.

The characteristics, particle number, and adhesion of microplastics were measured.

Conventional DAF was dominated by hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions.

CTAB Posi‐DAF was dominated by charge attraction.

PDADMAC Posi‐DAF was dominated by charge attraction and sweeping.
Infralimbic cortex activity is required for the expression but not the acquisition of conditioned safety
Authors: Kreutzmann Judith C. , Jovanovic Tanja , Fendt Markus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ability to discriminate between danger and safety is crucial for survival across species. Whereas danger signals predict the onset of a potentially threatening event, safety signals indicate the non-occurrence of an aversive event, thereby reducing fear and stress responses. While the neural basis of conditioned safety remains to be elucidated, fear extinction studies provide evidence that the infralimbic cortex (IL) modulates fear inhibition. In the current study, the IL was temporarily inactivated with local muscimol injections in male and female rats. The effect of IL inactivation on the acquisition and expression of conditioned safety was investigated utilizing the startle response. Temporary inactivation of the IL prior to conditioning did not affect the acquisition of conditioned safety, whereas IL inactivation during the expression test completely blocked the expression of conditioned safety in male and female rats. Inactivation of the neighboring prelimbic (PL) cortex during the expression test did not affect the expression of safety memory. Our findings suggest that the IL is a critical brain region for the expression of safety memory. Because patients suffering from anxiety disorders are often unable to make use of safety cues to inhibit fear, the present findings are of clinical relevance and could potentially contribute to therapy optimization of anxiety-related psychiatric disorders.
Imaging mass spectrometry to visualise increased acetylcholine in lungs of asthma model mice
Authors: Matsuda Takeshi , Suzuki Yuzo , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Suga Yasunori , Saito Nobuyuki , Suda Takafumi , Yao Ikuko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAcetylcholine (ACh) is a crucial neurotransmitter that is involved in airway constriction. In fact, excessive ACh binding to M3 muscarinic receptor leads to airflow obstruction via smooth muscle contraction. Previous studies have suggested cholinergic malfunction in the pathogenesis of asthma; however, the distribution and abundance of ACh in asthmatic lungs remain unclear because of the challenges of imaging ACh in lung tissue. In this study, we successfully detected and visualised ACh in mouse lung tissue by using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). Here, we applied the ACh imaging method to the two groups of house dust mite-sensitised asthma model mice harbouring different inflammatory levels. The imaging results showed that the lungs of mice had a relatively uniform ACh distribution with some areas of heterogeneity. The lungs of asthma model mice had significantly more ACh than control mice, and the ACh increase was potentiated with intense eosinophil infiltration without acetylcholinesterase deficits. These results indicate that ACh hypersecretion is mediated by an increased infiltration of eosinophils in asthma aggravation. This study provides the first evidence that secreted ACh is elevated with asthma severity in the lungs of asthma model animals by a direct ACh imaging technique with FT-ICR-MS.
How does extraction of biologically active substances with supercritical carbon dioxide affect lignocellulosic biomass properties?
Authors: Stolarski Mariusz Jerzy , Warmiński Kazimierz , Krzyżaniak Michał , Tyśkiewicz Katarzyna , Olba-Zięty Ewelina , Graban Łukasz , Lajszner Waldemar , Załuski Dariusz , Wiejak Rafał , Kamiński Piotr , Rój Edward 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the bio-based economy concept, any biomass should not be used directly for energy purposes without considering the possibility of using it for bioproducts with higher added value. Extractable phytochemicals found in lignocellulosic biomass of perennial industrial crops (PIC) are used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, chemical, food and feed industries. Therefore, these compounds should be obtained first, and only the so-called PIC extraction biomass should be used, for example, for the production of bioenergy. An efficient low-energy and environmentally friendly method of extracting phytochemicals from the plant biomass is supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction. The aim of the study was to assess the thermophysical properties and chemical composition of 19 types of PIC biomass previously subjected to two types of scCO2extraction compared to the biomass before extraction. The biomass after pure scCO2and scCO2/H2O (1 wt%) extraction contained less ash (by 4.9 and 11.3%), carbon (by 3.1 and 7.8%), hydrogen (by 5.8 and 8.9%), nitrogen (by 4.5 and 6.8%), sulfur (by 3.8 and 3.8%), lignin (by 5.4 and 1.1%), hemicellulose (by 14.4%) and more chlorine (by 4.7 and 15.3%) compared to the biomass before extraction. In addition, the biomass after extraction with pure scCO2contained more cellulose and was characterized by lower moisture content and higher heating value and lower heating value. However, the biomass after scCO2/H2O extraction contained more substances soluble in cold and hot water. Generally, the bark of four short-rotation coppice (SRC) species was characterized by a high content of nitrogen, sulfur, substances soluble in cold and hot water, other soluble substances and at the same time low cellulose content (26–28% d.m.). In turn, the wood of all SRC species was characterized by a high cellulose content (51–56% d.m.). However, all herbaceous crops and grasses contained more chlorine, hemicellulose and generally less lignin compared to the SRC biomass. To assess the practical suitability of the PIC biomass extraction for the production of bioenergy (solid, liquid or gaseous biofuels), further research is needed.
The diagnostic role of diffusional kurtosis imaging in glioma grading and differentiation of gliomas from other intra-axial brain tumours: a systematic review with critical appraisal and meta-analysis
Authors: Abdalla Gehad , Dixon Luke , Sanverdi Eser , Machado Pedro M. , Kwong Joey S. W. , Panovska-Griffiths Jasmina , Rojas-Garcia Antonio , Yoneoka Daisuke , Veraart Jelle , Van Cauter Sofie , Abdel-Khalek Ahmed M. , Settein Magdy , Yousry Tarek , Bisdas Sotirios 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We aim to illustrate the diagnostic performance of diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) in the diagnosis of gliomas.

Methods
A review protocol was developed according to the (PRISMA-P) checklist, registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) and published. A literature search in 4 databases was performed using the keywords ‘glioma’ and ‘diffusional kurtosis’. After applying a robust inclusion/exclusion criteria, included articles were independently evaluated according to the QUADAS-2 tool and data extraction was done. Reported sensitivities and specificities were used to construct 2 × 2 tables and paired forest plots using the Review Manager (RevMan®) software. A random-effect model was pursued using the hierarchical summary receiver operator characteristics.

Results
A total of 216 hits were retrieved. Considering duplicates and inclusion criteria, 23 articles were eligible for full-text reading. Ultimately, 19 studies were eligible for final inclusion. The quality assessment revealed 9 studies with low risk of bias in the 4 domains. Using a bivariate random-effect model for data synthesis, summary ROC curve showed a pooled area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92 and estimated sensitivity of 0.87 (95% CI 0.78–0.92) in high-/low-grade gliomas’ differentiation. A mean difference in mean kurtosis (MK) value between HGG and LGG of 0.22 (95% CI 0.25–0.19) was illustrated (p value = 0.0014) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 73.8%).

Conclusion
DKI shows good diagnostic accuracy in the differentiation of high- and low-grade gliomas further supporting its potential role in clinical practice. Further exploration of DKI in differentiating IDH status and in characterising non-glioma CNS tumours is however needed.
Reduction of severe intraventricular hemorrhage, a tertiary single-center experience: incidence trends, associated risk factors, and hospital policy
Authors: Alotaibi Wafa Sattam M. , Alsaif Nada S. , Ahmed Ibrahim A. , Mahmoud Aly Farouk , Ali Kamal , Hammad Abdullah , Aldibasi Omar S. , Alsaif Saif A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To determine the incidence, trends, maternal and neonatal risk factors of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) among infants born 24–32 weeks and/or < 1500 g, and to evaluate the impact of changing of hospital policies and unit clinical practice on the IVH incidence.

Study design
Retrospective chart review of preterm infants with a gestational age (GA) of 24–326 weeks and/or weight of < 1500 g born at King Abdulaziz Medical City–Riyadh (KAMC-R), Saudi Arabia, from 2016 to 2018. Multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to determine the probability of developing severe IVH and identify associations with maternal and neonatal risk factors.

Results
Among 640 infants, the overall incidence of severe IVH was 6.4% (41 infants), and its rate decreased significantly, from 9.4% in 2016 to 4.5% and 5% in 2017 and 2018 (p = 0.044). Multivariate analysis revealed that caesarian section delivery decreased the risk of severe IVH in GA group 24–27 weeks (p = 0.045). Furthermore use of inotropes (p = 0.0004) and surfactant (p = 0.0003) increased the risk of severe IVH. Despite increasing use of inotropes (p = 0.024), surfactant therapy (p = 0.034), and need for delivery room intubation (p = 0.015), there was a significant reduction in the incidence of severe IVH following the change in unit clinical practice and hospital policy (p = 0.007).

Conclusion
Cesarean section was associated with decreased all grades of IVH and severe IVH, while use of inotropes was associated with increased severe IVH. The changes in hospital and unit policy were correlated with decreased IVH during the study period.
COPD Assessment Test Changes from Baseline Correlate with COPD Exacerbations: A Longitudinal Analysis of the DACCORD Observational Study
Authors: Kardos Peter , Vogelmeier Claus F. , Worth Heinrich , Buhl Roland , Obermoser Victoria , Criée Carl-Peter 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
A number of analyses have shown the immediate impact of COPD exacerbations on health status. However, none evaluated the long-term correlation between health status and the occurrence of exacerbations.

Methods
DACCORD is an observational study in patients with COPD recruited across Germany following initiation or change in COPD maintenance medication. Data collected include COPD Assessment Test (CAT) total score on entry and after 1 and 2 years, and the occurrence of exacerbations. We analysed the correlation between change from baseline in CAT total score and exacerbations, after excluding patients who exacerbated during the quarter immediately prior to the CAT assessment of interest.

Results
The initial correlation analysis was performed in 6075 patients, 28% with ≥ 1 exacerbation over the 2-year follow-up, and 58% with a clinically relevant CAT improvement. There was a significant correlation between exacerbations over 2 years and CAT change from baseline at Year 2 (p = 0.0041). The Spearman’s correlation coefficient was 0.03711, indicating very weak correlation—potentially driven by the high proportion of non-exacerbating patients. In a subsequent logistic regression, the probability of experiencing frequent (≥ 2 per year) or severe exacerbations was higher in patients with worsening in CAT total score (p < 0.001). However, the probability of a patient exacerbating in Year 1 or Year 2 did not correlate with CAT change.

Conclusions
In this population (initiating or changing maintenance COPD medication), patients with frequent or severe exacerbations had a long-term worsening in health status (beyond the acute effect of an exacerbation) compared with patients who do not exacerbate.
Exome sequencing in 38 patients with intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Sauvigny Thomas , Alawi Malik , Krause Linda , Renner Sina , Spohn Michael , Busch Alice , Kolbe Verena , Altmüller Janine , Löscher Britt-Sabina , Franke Andre , Brockmann Christian , Lieb Wolfgang , Westphal Manfred , Schmidt Nils Ole , Regelsberger Jan , Rosenberger Georg 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
Genetic risk factors for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) are poorly understood. We aimed to verify recently reported risk genes and to identify novel sequence variants involved in the etiology of UIA/aSAH.

Methods
We performed exome sequencing (ES) in 35 unrelated individuals and 3 family members, each with a history of UIA and/or aSAH. We searched for sequence variants with minor allele frequency (MAF) ≤ 5% in the reported risk genes ADAMTS15, ANGPTL6, ARHGEF17, LOXL2, PCNT, RNF213, THSD1 and TMEM132B. To identify novel putative risk genes we looked for unknown (MAF = 0) variants shared by the three relatives.

Results
We identified 20 variants with MAF ≤ 5% in 18 individuals: 9 variants in PCNT (9 patients), 4 in RNF213 (3 patients), 3 in THSD1 (6 patients), 2 in ANGPTL6 (3 patients), 1 in ADAMTS15 (1 patient) and 1 in TMEM132B (1 patient). In the affected family, prioritization of shared sequence variants yielded five novel putative risk genes. Based on predicted pathogenicity of identified variants, population genetics data and a high functional relevance for vascular biology, EDIL3 was selected as top candidate and screened in additional 37 individuals with UIA and/or aSAH: a further very rare EDIL3 sequence variant in two unrelated sporadic patients was identified.

Conclusions
Our data support a role of sequence variants in PCNT, RNF213 and THSD1 as susceptibility factors for cerebrovascular disease. The documented function in vascular wall integrity, the crucial localization of affected amino acids and gene/variant association tests suggest EDIL3 as a further valid candidate disease gene for UIA/aSAH.
Occupational differences in disability retirement due to a shoulder lesion: do work-related factors matter?
Authors: Sirén Maria , Viikari-Juntura Eira , Arokoski Jari , Solovieva Svetlana 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
To identify occupations with a high risk of disability retirement due to a shoulder lesion and to examine the effect of physical and psychosocial work-related factors on occupational differences in disability retirement.

Methods
We followed Finnish wage earners aged 30–59 years (n = 1,135,654) from 2005 to 2014 for full disability retirement due to a shoulder lesion. The work-related exposures were assessed with job exposure matrices. We calculated age-adjusted incidence rates and hazard ratios to test for the association between occupation and disability retirement due to a shoulder lesion. We also examined the contribution of work-related exposures to the excess risk of disability retirement.

Results
As compared to professionals, the age-adjusted risk of disability retirement was increased among men in all occupational groups except managers and customer service clerks and among women in several occupational groups. Adjustment for education attenuated the occupational differences considerably, particularly among women. The physical work-related factors fully explained the excess risk of disability retirement due to a shoulder lesion among male finance and sales associate professionals and administrative secretaries as well as among agricultural and fishery workers. In women, the physical work-related factors fully explained the excess risk among construction workers, electricians and plumbers. For both genders, the contribution of psychosocial factors to excess risk of disability retirement was modest and seen for monotonous work only.

Conclusions
A reduction of the level of physical work load factors as well as monotonousness of work has a potential to prevent work disability due to a shoulder lesion.