bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geospatial approach for assessment of vulnerability to flood in local self governments
Authors: Deepak S. , Rajan Gopika , Jairaj P. G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent years have shown a significant increase in the occurrence of floods globally, with an impact on habitation and different sectors of the economy. This, in turn, necessitates the use of different flood mitigation strategies, wherein flood vulnerability assessment plays a significant role. The proposed work presents a methodology that combines vulnerability under physical-environmental and socio-economic domains to assess the overall flood vulnerability at the local self-government level. The methodology was illustrated to the case of Aluva municipality, located on the banks of River Periyar, in Kerala state, India. The spatial variation of hazard inducing factors and population statistics were analysed using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. The machine learning algorithm, Random Forest, which uses hazard inducing factors as input was implemented for the evaluation of physical-environmental vulnerability. The social vulnerability of the region was analysed using the GIS Multi-criteria decision analysis approach (MCDA), with criteria weights to incorporate the interests of different stakeholders. The critical combinations of the two domains of vulnerability in the assessment of the vulnerability to flood, to have efficient flood management in local self-government was demonstrated in this study and can be made use of for any flood event.
Treatment of tumor thrombus in the superior mesenteric vein due to advanced colon cancer with complete surgical resection and chemotherapy: a case report
Authors: Yanagida Yoshitsugu , Amano Takahiro , Akai Ryuji , Toyoshima Akira , Kobayashi Jotaro , Hashimoto Takuya , Sunami Eiji , Kumasaka Toshio , Sasaki Shin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Tumor thrombus in the superior mesenteric vein secondary to colon cancer is rare. We report a case of tumor thrombus in the superior mesenteric vein and liver metastasis due to advanced colon cancer that was treated with chemotherapy and complete surgical resection.

Case presentation
A 72-year-old man after transverse colectomy with lymph node dissection for advanced colon cancer was diagnosed with tumor thrombus in the superior mesenteric vein and liver metastasis. He underwent adjuvant chemotherapy and had complete surgical tumor resection involving tumor thrombectomy and hepatectomy. There has been no recurrence at 36 months after surgery.

Conclusion
Herein, we report a rare case of tumor thrombus in the superior mesenteric vein related to advanced colon cancer. The combination of chemotherapy and complete surgical tumor resection may provide long-term survival.
Evolution of service metrics and utilisation of objective discharge criteria in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation: a retrospective cohort study with historical control in a public hospital physiotherapy department
Authors: Tuckerman Kirby , Potts Wendy , Ebrahimi Milad , Scholes Corey , Nelson Mark 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is a common procedure requiring rehabilitation in public hospital physiotherapy departments. The rate of re-rupture and reduced rates of return to sport following ACLR are concerning. Current guidelines recommend a progressive approach to rehabilitation based on objective criteria. The aim of this study was to determine whether a new public hospital model of care incorporating a phase-based program increased physiotherapist utilisation of objective outcome measures, improved service metrics including attendance and rehabilitation completion rates, and increased patient-reported activity and knee function.

Methods
Records from patients attending outpatient physiotherapy after ACL reconstruction (N = 132) were included in a retrospective chart review to assess utilisation of objective measures such as quadricep and hamstring strength assessment, patient attendance and rehabilitation completion. Phone followup (minimum 1 year) was conducted to retrieve patient-reported measures of knee function (IKDC) and activity (Tegner Activity Scale). Patients were categorised by rehabilitation model of care (contemporary - time based [N = 93] vs new - phase based [N = 39]) and logistic regression used to assess the influence of patient factors and model of care on outcomes.

Results
Compliance was equivalent between models of care and completion rates (formal discharge by therapist) were low (30–38%). The probability of a patient receiving objective strength assessment was associated with model of care, sex, BMI and number of sessions attended. The probability of a patient being recorded as discharged from the program was significantly associated with model of care, and duration and number of sessions.

Conclusion
Introduction of an updated model of care including a phase-based rehabilitation program increased physiotherapist utilisation of objective outcome measures in line with current ACLR rehabilitation recommendations, increased total rehabilitation duration and increased total number of sessions attended. Despite this, rehabilitation completion rates remained low, and self-reported activity and knee function remained equivalent.

Level of evidence
III, retrospective cohort study.
A case report: rapid progression of coronary atherosclerosis in a patient taking Targretin (Bexarotene)
Authors: DeAngelo Sean , Mann Kailyn I. , Abdulbasit Muhammad , Ahnert Amy , Sundlöf Deborah W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnti-neoplastic drugs have made major advancements in oncology, however they are not without cardiovascular consequences. We present a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma receiving Targretin therapy who presented with accelerated atherosclerosis. His triglyceride level (TG) was greater than 1000 mg/dL, which rapidly improved with discontinuation of Targretin.
An evaluation of the current status of kidney transplant in terms of the type of receipt among Iranian patients
Authors: Malekshahi Arghavan , MortezaNejad Hamidreza Fallah , Taromsari Morteza Rahbar , Gheshlagh Reza Ghanei , Delpasand Kourosh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction
With the increasing prevalence and incidence of chronic renal failure leading to advanced kidney disease (ESRD), the use of renal transplant therapy is increasing globally. The aim of this study was to determine the status of kidney transplant in patients during a period of 4–5 years.

Materials and methods
In this retrospective, analytical study, patients undergoing renal transplant at one of the hospitals in northern Iran were studied. The data was collected using a checklist assessing the required information, including the age, sex, place of residence, source of the kidney for transplant (living related, living non-related, deceased), kidney receiving method (donated, purchased), and wait time for a kidney transplant.

Results
A total of 228 patients were included in the study, of which 73.7% were male and 26.3% were female. The average wait time for kidney transplant was 386.22 days. The mean age of patients was 32.7 ± 10.7 years. In addition, living non-related (66.2%) and deceased (14%) were the most and least frequent sources of kidney transplant, respectively. Moreover, 51.8% of all transplanted kidneys were purchased.

Conclusion
Over the past 5 years, there has been a decrease in wait time for kidney transplant in Rasht, Iran. Factors, such as being female, lower age, and living in urban areas, are related to a shorter wait time for kidney transplant. The most common types of kidney transplant are from non-related donors and purchased.
The development of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis associated with both antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis in the course of nontuberculous mycobacterium infection: a case report
Authors: Kato Mikiya , Wakiya Risa , Kameda Tomohiro , Inoue Kousuke , Sofue Tadashi , Ushio Yusuke , Sugihara Koichi , Nakashima Shusaku , Shimada Hiromi , Mansour Mai Mahmoud Fahmy , Kadowaki Norimitsu , Dobashi Hiroaki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies often induce rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). Some reports have demonstrated RPGN with the sequential appearance of ANCA then anti-GBM antibodies, suggesting that ANCA may induce the development of anti-GBM antibodies. Whereas, many reports have shown that the development of ANCA is associated with various infectious diseases, such as non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection.

Case presentation
A 65-year-old woman with pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection was monitored without treatment. One year later, serum myeloperoxidase (MPO)- ANCA were elevated (14.1 U/mL (normal value < 3.0 U/ml)). A high fever and RPGN appeared 1 year later, and serum MPO-ANCAs were 94.1 U/mL. Anti-GBM antibodies were also detected. A renal biopsy revealed crescentic glomerulonephritis with linear deposits of IgG and C3c along the GBM and interstitial inflammation with endarteritis of arterioles. The diagnosis was RPGN associated with anti-GBM nephritis and ANCA-associated vasculitis.

Conclusion
This report shows that preceding NTM infection may have induced ANCA and anti-GBM antibodies and caused the development of RPGN.
Wall pressure beneath a transitional hypersonic boundary layer over an inclined straight circular cone
Authors: Dong Siwei , Chen Jianqiang , Yuan Xianxu , Chen Xi , Xu Guoliang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractProperties of wall pressure beneath a transitional hypersonic boundary layer over a 7∘ half-angle blunt cone at angle of attack 6∘ are studied by Direct Numerical Simulation. The wall pressure has two distinct frequency peaks. The low-frequency peak with f≈10−50 kHz is very likely the unsteady crossflow mode based on its convection direction, i.e. along the axial direction and towards the windward symmetry ray. High-frequency peaks are roughly proportional to the local boundary layer thickness. Along the trajectories of stationary crossflow vortices, the location of intense high-frequency wall pressure moves from the bottom of trough where the boundary layer is thin to the bottom of shoulder where the boundary layer is thick. By comparing the pressure field with that inside a high-speed transitional swept-wing boundary layer dominated by the z-type secondary crossflow mode, we found that the high-frequency signal originates from the Mack mode and evolves into the secondary crossflow instability.
Using target enrichment sequencing to study the higher-level phylogeny of the largest lichen-forming fungi family: Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota)
Authors: Grewe Felix , Ametrano Claudio , Widhelm Todd J. , Leavitt Steven , Distefano Isabel , Polyiam Wetchasart , Pizarro David , Wedin Mats , Crespo Ana , Divakar Pradeep K. , Lumbsch H. Thorsten 
Published: December 2020

AbstractParmeliaceae is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi with a worldwide distribution. We used a target enrichment data set and a qualitative selection method for 250 out of 350 genes to infer the phylogeny of the major clades in this family including 81 taxa, with both subfamilies and all seven major clades previously recognized in the subfamily Parmelioideae. The reduced genome-scale data set was analyzed using concatenated-based Bayesian inference and two different Maximum Likelihood analyses, and a coalescent-based species tree method. The resulting topology was strongly supported with the majority of nodes being fully supported in all three concatenated-based analyses. The two subfamilies and each of the seven major clades in Parmelioideae were strongly supported as monophyletic. In addition, most backbone relationships in the topology were recovered with high nodal support. The genus Parmotrema was found to be polyphyletic and consequently, it is suggested to accept the genus Crespoa to accommodate the species previously placed in Parmotrema subgen. Crespoa. This study demonstrates the power of reduced genome-scale data sets to resolve phylogenetic relationships with high support. Due to lower costs, target enrichment methods provide a promising avenue for phylogenetic studies including larger taxonomic/specimen sampling than whole genome data would allow.
Health care workers’ experiences with implementation of “screen and treat” for cervical cancer prevention in Malawi: A qualitative study
Authors: Moucheraud Corrina , Kawale Paul , Kafwafwa Savel , Bastani Roshan , Hoffman Risa M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries, despite the availability of effective prevention approaches. “Screen and treat” (a single-visit strategy to identify and remove abnormal cervical cells) is the recommended secondary prevention approach in low-resource settings, but there has been relatively scarce robust implementation science evidence on barriers and facilitators to providing “screen and treat” from the provider perspective, or about thermocoagulation as a lesion removal technique.

Methods
Informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), we conducted interviews with ten experienced “screen and treat” providers in Malawi. We asked questions based on the CFIR Guide, used the CFIR Guide codebook for a descriptive analysis in NVivo, and added recommended modifications for studies in low-income settings.

Results
Seven CFIR constructs were identified as positively influencing implementation, and six as negatively influencing implementation. The two strong positive influences were the relative advantage of thermocoagulation versus cryotherapy (Innovation Characteristics) and respondents’ knowledge and beliefs about providing “screen and treat” (Individual Characteristics). The two strong negative influences were the availability of ongoing refresher trainings to stay up-to-date on skills (Inner Setting, Implementation Climate) and insufficient resources (staffing, infrastructure, supplies) to provide “screen and treat” to all women who need it (Inner Setting, Readiness for Implementation). Weak positive factors included perceived scalability and access to knowledge/information, as well as compatibility, leadership engagement, and team characteristics, but these latter three were mixed in valence. Weak negative influences were structural characteristics and donor priorities; and mixed but weakly negative influences were relative priority and engaging clients. Cross-cutting themes included the importance of broad buy-in (including different cadres of health workers and leadership at the facility and in the government) and the opportunities and challenges of offering integrated care (screening plus other services).

Conclusions
Although “screen and treat” is viewed as effective and important, many implementation barriers remain. Our findings suggest that implementation strategies will need to be multi-level, include a diverse set of stakeholders, and explicitly address both screening and treatment.
Chemical and pharmacological evaluation of the non-flowering aerial parts of Acacia modesta Wall. cultivated in Egypt
Authors: Salah Eman Mohamed , Ibrahim Reham R. , Gonaid Mariam H. , Soliman Hesham S. M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Acacia modesta Wall. (A. modesta), often recognized as Phulai, is belonging to family Fabaceae and sub-family Mimosaceae. A. modesta has many beneficial uses. Leaves, wood, flowers, and gum of A. modesta have been used frequently for multiple therapeutic purposes.

Results
The chemical investigation of butanol fraction of A. modesta non-flowering aerial parts yielded Vitexin-2′′-β-D-glucopyranoside and Apigenin-6,8-di-C-β-D-glucopyranoside in a flavone mixture as well as (β-D-glucopyranosyl (1-3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-β-hydroxy-11-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid) an oleanane-type triterpenoidal saponin. Metabolite profiling via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) of the ethyl acetate fraction resulted in recognizing of eighteen compounds tentatively compared with previously published data. Quantitative measurement of the overall value of flavonoids of A. modesta was found to be 2.824 μg/100 μg ± 0.01 calculated as quercetin. The acute toxicity study of the ethanol extract proved that the plant under investigation is safe and nontoxic to the male albino mice used. The anti-hyperglycemic activity of the ethanol extract performed on type 2 diabetic rats proved that the most potent dosage was 200 mg/kg b. wt. after 4 and 4 weeks of treatment respectively compared to metformin. Furthermore, evaluation of the hepato-protective activity of the ethanol extract of the plant under investigation showed that the most potent extract was with a dose level of 200 mg/kg b. wt. after 3 and 10 days of continuous treatment compared to silymarin.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that A. modesta Wall. cultivated in Egypt could be used as a promising anti-diabetic agent and a hepato-protective agent against hepatocellular damage induced by hepatotoxins.
Nephroprotective activity of Annona Squamosa leaves against paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: in vitro and in vivo experiments
Authors: Neelima S. , Dwarakanadha Reddy P. , Kothapalli Bannoth Chandra Sekhar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Paracetamol (PCM), being extensively adapted analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug all over the world, beyond therapeutic dosages, the oxidative stress-involved nephrotoxicity has been evidenced. However, herbal plants are the windfall for the humankind providing solution for most of the wellness breakdowns. Annona squamosa (AS) is one of such plants with enormous therapeutic and nutraceutical potencies. The main aspiration of the current investigation is to evaluate the nephroprotective ability of ethanolic extract of Annona squamosa (EEAS) leaves against paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity using in vitro human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells and in vivo experiments in Wistar rats through biochemical parameters, oxidative parameters, and histopathological findings.

Results
When HEK-293 cells were incubated with PCM, an increased cell death associated with alterations in the morphology of normal cells was observed. At variable concentrations, HEK-293 cells co-treated with PCM and EEAS extracts gave a significant improvement in cell growth on comparing with PCM treatment showing cytoprotective feature of EEAS with an IC50 28.75 μg/mL. In vivo nephroprotective property was assessed from the amount of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) along with creatinine and uric acid which were reduced (P < 0.001) within serum and compact levels of glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase which were termed as GSH, CAT, and SOD, respectively, were increased (P < 0.001) in kidney tissue homogenate in the treated groups than the PCM alone group. Results were additionally supported by histopathological observations.

Conclusion
The results exhibited that EEAS has impending benefits against PCM-induced nephrotoxicity through in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Comparative study between intrapolyp steroid injection and oral steroid for treatment of sinonasal polyposis in Egyptian patients
Authors: Zamzam Sameh M. , Elshazly Mohamed , Salah Mohamed , Enayat Abdallah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Management of patients with sinonasal polyps ranges from systemic steroid to functional endoscopic sinus surgery; however, many patients refuse surgery or are contraindicated to receive systemic steroid. Intrapolyp steroid injection has been recently used to apply a higher concentration of steroids into the nasal polyps and on the other hand protecting the patient from the side effects of systemic steroid. In this study, we have tested intrapolyp steroid injection on 22 patients (injection group) and the results were statistically compared with the results of 16 patients treated by oral steroid (oral group) subjectively by total nasal symptoms score and objectively by total nasal polyp score and on CT films by using Lund Mackay scoring system, patients of both groups have been followed up for 3 months.

Results
After treatment, there was a statistically significant decrease in the score in both groups, with no significant difference in between them. No serious complications as visual disturbance apart from mild self-limited bleeding detected in only 2 injections (3%) of all 66 injections.

Conclusion
Intrapolyp steroid injection is an effective, easy, and safe procedure with short-lasting effect for at least 3 months. It was proven to show comparable results to oral steroids as both modalities showed a statistically significant improvement subjectively and objectively. However, cases with extensive bulky polyposis were resistant to complete eradication by injection and they may need surgical intervention.
Autonomous end-to-end wireless monitoring system for railroad bridges
Authors: Hoang Tu , Fu Yuguang , Mechitov Kirill , Sánchez Fernando Gómez , Kim Jong R. , Zhang Dichuan , Spencer Billie F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne of the most critical components of the US transportation system is railroads, accommodating transportation for 48% of the nation’s total modal tonnage. Despite such vital importance, more than half of the railroad bridges, an essential component of railroad infrastructure in maintaining the flow of the network, were built before 1920; as a result, bridges comprise one of the most fragile components of the railroad system. Current structural inspection practice does not ensure sufficient information for both short- and long-term condition assessment while keeping the operation cost low enough for mandatory annual inspection. In this paper, we document the development process of an autonomous, affordable system for monitoring railroad bridges using the wireless smart sensor (WSS) so that a complete end-to-end monitoring solution can provide relevant information directly from the bridges to the end-users. The system’s main contribution is to capture the train-crossing event efficiently and eliminate the need for a human-in-the-loop for remote data retrieval and post-processing. In the proposed system, an adaptive strategy combining an event-based and schedule-based framework is implemented. The wireless system addresses the challenges of remote data retrieval by integrating 4G-LTE functionality into the sensor network and completes the data pipeline with a cloud-based data management and visualization solution. This system is realized on hardware, software, and framework levels. To demonstrate the efficacy of this system, a full-scale monitoring campaign is reported. By overcoming the challenges of monitoring railroad bridges wirelessly and autonomously, this system is expected to be an essential tool for bridge engineers and decision-makers.