bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue Expander–Based Breast Reconstruction in the Prepectoral Versus Subpectoral Plane
Authors: Kraenzlin Franca , Darrach Halley , Khavanin Nima , Kokosis George , Aliu Oluseyi , Broderick Kristen , Rosson Gedge D. , Manahan Michele A. , Sacks Justin M. 
Published: June 2020

Background
Breast reconstruction is becoming an increasingly important and accessible component of breast cancer care. We hypothesize that prepectoral patients benefit from lower short-term complications and shorter periods to second-stage reconstruction compared with individuals receiving reconstruction in the subpectoral plane.

Methods
An institutional review board–approved retrospective review of all adult postmastectomy patients receiving tissue expanders (TEs) was completed for a 21-month period (n = 286).

Results
A total of 286 patients underwent mastectomy followed by TE placement, with 59.1% receiving prepectoral TEs and 40.9% receiving subpectoral TEs. Participants receiving prepectoral TEs required fewer clinic visits before definitive reconstruction (6.4 vs 8.8, P <0.01) and underwent definitive reconstruction 71.6 days earlier than individuals with subpectoral TE placement (170.8 vs 242.4 days, P < 0.01). Anesthesia time was significantly less for prepectoral TE placement, whether bilateral (68.0 less minutes, P < 0.01) or unilateral (20.7 minutes less, P < 0.01). Operating room charges were higher in the prepectoral subgroup ($31,276.8 vs $22,231.8, P < 0.01). Partial necrosis rates were higher in the prepectoral group (21.7% vs 10.9%, P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Patients undergoing breast reconstruction using prepectoral TE-based reconstruction benefit from less anesthesia time, fewer postoprative clinic visits, and shorter time to definitive reconstruction, at the compromise of higher operating room charges.
A Free Tool for Breast Aesthetic Scale Computation
Authors: Monton Javier , Kenig Nitzan , Chang-Azancot Luis , Jordan Joaquin , Insausti Ricardo 
Published: June 2020

Background
Our work describes the concept of Breast Aesthetic Scale (BAS) as a score for quick and simple objective assessment of results in cosmetic breast surgery. It is obtained by running a software program that we created, based on the previous concept of Objective Breast Cosmesis Scale (OBCS). This was previously described to be used in the context of conservative breast cancer treatment to objectively assess the degree of asymmetry. We describe the implementation of BAS algorithm and study its reproducibility in a set of images.

Methods
A new multiplatform software was developed by us and named Breast Aesthetic Scale Calculator (BAS-Calc), which can be executed on Windows Mac, and Linux. A set of 25 photographs were studied with this software twice by 2 different surgeons. Intrarater and interrater variability were studied, as well as concordance with categorization by another symmetry assessment software available called Breast Analyzing Tool®.

Results
Concordance among raters was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.953; Lin concordance and correlation coefficient = 0.950), as well as intrarater (0.952 and 0.965). Categorization of both systems (Breast Analyzing Tool and BAS-Calc) showed almost perfect concordance (Cohen κ = 0.920).

Conclusions
Objective estimation of symmetry after breast surgery can be assessed with BAS-Calc. The “symmetric” and “asymmetric” categories are accurately discriminated by this free software, and it can be used by surgeons as a simple method for objective assessment of results in cosmetic breast surgery.
Fronto-Orbital Advance in a Patient With Roberts Syndrome
Authors: Alvarez Jaime Andres Jimenez , Chacon Leonardo Andres , Montealegre Jesus Andres Duque , Reyes José Manuel Valdés , Cataño Carlos Perez 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Roberts Syndrome is an extremely rare syndrome reporting about 150 cases in the literature, with a very low survival rate. The authors present a case of a female patient with Roberts Syndrome who also had a coronal craniosynostosis. The aim of this case report is to present a case of a patient with Roberts Syndrome with a brachycephaly that required management of fronto-orbital advancement. In conclusion Roberts Syndrome is a rare disease, which can have different skeletal variations. This syndrome can manifest itself with craniosynostosis, with the requirement of a comprehensive management to correct it and avoid compression of the brain with endocranial hypertension.
Outcomes of Pneumatic Lithotripsy Versus Holmium Laser-Assisted Lithotripsy With Sialendoscopy in Management of Submandibular Sialolithiasis
Authors: Ozdemir Suleyman 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
This study aimed to comparatively analyze the indications, treatment outcomes, and reliability levels of the intraductal pneumatic lithotripsy (IPL) and holmium laser-assisted lithotripsy (HLL) methods that are used to sialendoscopically separate stones into smaller pieces in submandibular gland sialolithiasis (SMGS) patients. To the best of the author's knowledge, there is no study that compared these 2 methods in the literature in English.

Methods:
The retrospectively designed study included 51 patients with SMGS. The IPL was used to break up 32 stones in 28 patients, while HLL was used to break up 28 stones in 23 patients.

Results:
The stones could be completely extracted in 95.6% of the patients in the HLL group, 92.8% of those in the IPL group and 94.1% of all patients. The complete and partial recovery rates of the patients were respectively 91.3% and 8.7% in the HLL group and 92.8% and 7.2% in the IPL group. There was no significant difference based on the lithotripsy method that was used in the patients’ laterality of stones, location of stones, stone diameter, operation time, need of papillotomy and silicone stent, complete removal status of stones and the symptomatic assessments of the patients in the 6th postoperative month.

Conclusion:
This study showed that both HLL and IPL treatments are effective, minimally invasive, and promising methods in difficult/complex SMGS treatments which may provide success rates of higher than 90% when they are performed by an experienced surgeon and by selection of appropriate patients.
Assessment of the Optic Foramen Shape and Size in Human Fetuses
Authors: Beger Orhan 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
This study was aimed to obtain data on the dimensions of the optic foramen in human fetuses for early childhood surgeries.

Methods:
Twenty-five formalin-fixed fetuses (16 boys and 9 girls) with average age 21.68 ± 3.12 gestational weeks (range, 16–28 weeks) in the inventory of Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine were included in the study. The surface area, width, and height of the optic foramen were bilaterally measured using a digital image analysis software.

Results:
The forms of the optic foramen were described as oval shaped (72%, 36 foramina) and round shaped (28%, 14 foramina). The surface area, width, and height of the optic foramen were found as 2.40 ± 1.02 mm2, 1.83 ± 0.59 mm, and 1.58 ± 0.36 mm, respectively. The measurements of the parameters related to the optic foramen were not statistically different in terms of sides and sexes (P > 0.05). Linear functions for the height, width and surface area of the optic foramen were calculated as: y = 0.711 + 0.040 × weeks, y = −0.019 + 0.086 × weeks, and y = −0.400 + 0.129 × weeks, respectively.

Conclusion:
The linear functions in this study can be used to estimate the dimensions of the optic foramen. The calculated regression equations, representing the growth dynamic of the optic foramen showed that the surface area, width, and height were increasing according to gestational ages between 16 and 28 weeks. Microanatomical knowledge related to the optic foramen may be beneficial for surgeons to avoid iatrogenic injury in infants and for anatomists to understand the development of the fetal skull base.
Branching Patterns of Mental Nerve in Newborns
Authors: Çorumlu Ufuk , Kopuz Cem , Aydar Yüksel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In classical textbooks of Anatomy, the mental nerve is considered to be the terminal or main branch of the inferior alveolar nerve, especially trifurcate with no designated names as soon as it emerges from the mental foramen. The textbooks define the innervation area of the mental nerve regionally without naming its terminal branches. Nomina Anatomica designates 3 terminal branches of mental nerve as “labial, gingival, and mental branch” but offers no description about their distribution on the mandible. In the present study, bilateral dissections were performed on the lower lip specimens of 20 newborns for 40 mental nerves to determine the branching types of mental nerve. Although anatomy textbooks indicate that mental nerve divides into 3 branches, the authors noted that mental nerve branched into 1, 2, or 3 branches at or right after its exit from the mental foramen. Branching patterns were typed in 13 different subclasses under 3 main groups (Form I-II-III). Moreover, the branching patterns that could not be included in one of these 3 main groups were defined as “Complex Form.” The most common type of branching that the authors observed was Form II, which had 2 terminal branches with an incidence of 41.9% (16 specimens). The next frequently encountered type was Form III, having 3 terminal branches, and it was detected in 32.0% of patients (12 specimens). The least common form was Form I, which had 1 terminal branch with a frequency of 15.8% (6 specimens). The unclassified group, Complex Form, was found 10.5% (4 specimens).
When Is a Critically Ill Cirrhotic Patient Too Sick to Transplant? Development of Consensus Criteria by a Multidisciplinary Panel of 35 International Experts
Authors: Weiss Emmanuel , Saner Fuat , Asrani Sumeet K. , Biancofiore Gianni , Blasi Annabel , Lerut Jan , Durand François , Fernandez Javier , Findlay James Y. , Fondevila Constantino , Francoz Claire , Gustot Thierry , Jaber Samir , Karvellas Constantine , Kronish Kate , Laleman Wim , Laterre Pierre François , Levesque Eric , Mandell M. Susan , Mc Phail Mark , Muiesan Paolo , Olson Jody C. , Olthoff Kim , Daniele Pinna Antonio , Reiberger Thomas , Reyntjens Koen , Saliba Faouzi , Scatton Olivier , Simpson Kenneth J. , Soubrane Olivier , Subramanian Ram M. , Tacke Frank , Tomescu Dana , Xia Victor , Wagener Gebhard , Paugam-Burtz Catherine 
Published: June 2020

Background.
Critically ill cirrhotic patients are increasingly transplanted, but there is no consensus about futile liver transplantation (LT). Therefore, the decision to delay or deny LT is often extensively debated. These debates arise from different opinions of futility among transplant team members. This study aims to achieve a multinational and multidisciplinary consensus on the definition of futility in LT and to develop well-articulated criteria for not proceeding with LT due to futility.

Methods.
Thirty-five international experts from anesthesiology/intensive care, hepatology, and transplant surgery were surveyed using the Delphi method. More than 70% of similar answers to a question were necessary to define agreement.

Results.
The panel recommended patient and graft survival at 1 year after LT to define futility. Severe frailty and persistent fever or <72 hours of appropriate antimicrobial therapy in case of ongoing sepsis were considered reasons to delay LT. A simple assessment of the number of organs failing was considered the most appropriate way to decide whether LT should be delayed or denied, with respiratory, circulatory and metabolic failures having the most influence in this decision. The thresholds of severity of organ failures contraindicating LT for which a consensus was achieved were a Pao
2/FiO2 ratio<150 mm Hg, a norepinephrine dose >1 μg/kg per minute and a serum lactate level >9 mmol/L.

Conclusions.
Our expert panel provides a consensus on the definition of futile LT and on specific criteria for postponing or denying LT. A framework that may facilitate the decision if a patient is too sick for transplant is presented.
COVID-19 Outpatient Screening: a Prediction Score for Adverse Events
Authors: Sun Haoqi , Jain Aayushee , Leone Michael J. , Alabsi Haitham S. , Brenner Laura , Ye Elissa , Ge Wendong , Shao Yu-Ping , Boutros Christine , Wang Ruopeng , Tesh Ryan , Magdamo Colin , Collens Sarah I. , Ganglberger Wolfgang , Bassett Ingrid V. , Meigs James B. , Kalpathy-Cramer Jayashree , Li Matthew D. , Chu Jacqueline , Dougan Michael L. , Stratton Lawrence , Rosand Jonathan , Fischl Bruce , Das Sudeshna , Mukerji Shibani , Robbins Gregory K. , Westover M. Brandon 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe sought to develop an automatable score to predict hospitalization, critical illness, or death in patients at risk for COVID-19 presenting for urgent care during the Massachusetts outbreak.MethodsSingle-center study of adult outpatients seen in respiratory illness clinics (RICs) or the emergency department (ED), including development (n = 9381, March 7-May 2) and prospective (n = 2205, May 3-14) cohorts. Data was queried from Partners Enterprise Data Warehouse. Outcomes were hospitalization, critical illness or death within 7 days. We developed the COVID-19 Acuity Score (CoVA) using automatically extracted data from the electronic medical record and learning-to-rank ordinal logistic regression modeling. Calibration was assessed using predicted-to-observed ratio (E/O). Discrimination was assessed by C-statistics (AUC).ResultsIn the development cohort, 27.3%, 7.2%, and 1.1% of patients experienced hospitalization, critical illness, or death, respectively; and in the prospective cohort, 26.1%, 6.3%, and 0.5%. CoVA showed excellent performance in the development cohort (concurrent validation) for hospitalization (E/O: 1.00, AUC: 0.80); for critical illness (E/O: 1.00, AUC: 0.82); and for death (E/O: 1.00, AUC: 0.87). Performance in the prospective cohort (prospective validation) was similar for hospitalization (E/O: 1.01, AUC: 0.76); for critical illness (E/O 1.03, AUC: 0.79); and for death (E/O: 1.63, AUC=0.93). Among 30 predictors, the top five were age, diastolic blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, COVID-19 testing status, and respiratory rate.ConclusionsCoVA is a prospectively validated automatable score to assessing risk for adverse outcomes related to COVID-19 infection in the outpatient setting.
Transcriptomic Similarities and Differences in Host Response between SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viral Infections
Authors: Thair Simone A. , He Yudong D. , Hasin-Brumshtein Yehudit , Sakaram Suraj , Pandya Rushika , Toh Jiaying , Rawling David , Remmel Melissa , Coyle Sabrina , Dalekos George N. , Koutsodimitropoulos Ioannis , Vlachogianni Glykeria , Gkeka Eleni , Karakike Eleni , Damoraki Georgia , Antonakos Nikolaos , Khatri Purvesh , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J , Sweeney Timothy E 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 is a pandemic that shares certain clinical characteristics with other acute viral infections. Here, we studied the whole-blood transcriptomic host response to SARS-CoV-2 and compared it with other viral infections to understand similarities and differences in host response. Using RNAseq we profiled peripheral blood from 24 healthy controls and 62 prospectively enrolled patients with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection by SARS-Cov-2 within the first 24 hours of hospital admission. We also compiled and curated 23 independent studies that profiled 1,855 blood samples from patients with one of six viruses (influenza, RSV, HRV, ebola, Dengue, and SARS-CoV-1). We show gene expression changes in peripheral blood in patients with COVID-19 versus healthy controls are highly correlated with changes in response to other viral infections (r=0.74, p<0.001). However, two genes, ACO1 and ATL3, show significantly opposite changes between conditions. Pathway analysis in patients with COVID-19 or other viral infections versus healthy controls identified similar pathways including neutrophil activation, innate immune response, immune response to viral infection, and cytokine production for over-expressed genes. Conversely, for under-expressed genes, pathways indicated repression of lymphocyte differentiation and T cell activation. When comparing transcriptome profiles of patients with COVID-19 directly with those with other viral infections, we found 114 and 302 genes were over- or under-expressed, respectively, during COVID-19. Pathways analysis did not identify any significant pathways in these genes, suggesting novel responses to further study. Statistical deconvolution using immunoStates found that M1 macrophages, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, CD14+ monocytes, CD4+ T cells, and total B cells showed change consistently in the same direction across all viral infections including COVID-19. Those that increased in COVID-19 but decreased in non-COVID-19 viral infections were CD56bright NK cells, M2 macrophages, and total NK cells. The concordant and discordant responses mapped out here provide a window to explore the pathophysiology of COVID-19 versus other viral infections and show clear differences in signaling pathways and cellularity as part of the host response to SARS-CoV-2.
Management strategies and prediction of COVID-19 by a fractional order generalized SEIR model
Authors: Guo Lihong , Zhao Yanting , Chen YangQuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this project, we study a class of fractional order generalized SEIR epidemic models. Based on the public data from Jan. 22th to May 15th, 2020, we reliably estimate key epidemic parameters and make predictions on the peak point and possible ending time for the target region. We analyze the current management strategy and predict the future implementation of different management strategies. Numerical simulations which support our analysis are also given.
Are men who smoke at higher risk for a more severe case of COVID-19 than women who smoke? A Systematic Review
Authors: Rodgers Aoife , Indreberg Emilie Kruke , Alfallaj Lenah , Nadkarni Manasi , Kabir Zubair 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe novelty of the Covid-19 pandemic is reflected in the lack of literature available for the impact of smoking on the intensity of the COVID-19 clinical manifestations. Our study tries to address this gap.MethodSix cohorts from China were analysed and a crude odds ratio was manually calculated.ResultsPatients with a smoking history were approximately 2 times (95% CI= 1.036-1.883) as likely to suffer from severe clinical manifestations of COVID-19 compared to patients without a smoking history. A higher percentage of males suffer more severe symptoms of COVID-19 in comparison to females, but this could be associated with the gender specific smoking trends observed in China.ConclusionThe gender specific smoking trends could be associated with the increased severity of COVID-19 disease manifestations in the male population.
A Computational Study for Identifying Agronomically Essential Biomarkers Using nsSNP Data of Korean Soybeans
Authors: Jung Yongwoon , You Nahyun , Nam Sangyong 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTSoybean is a highly nutritious legume grown globally as a food and feed crop. An examination of a collection of 10 cultivated and 6 wild Korean soybean varieties showed that there is phenotypic variability notable in different soybeans. Therefore, to develop a list of biomarker candidates useful for growing soybeans of better quality and quantity, The genes of 16 Korean soybean varieties were compared with those of the reference Glycine max var. Williams 82. The comparison was made through gene sequencing to facilitate selection of nsSNPs. The objective of the study was to find out the structural and functional variations caused by nsSNPs and discuss whether the collection of Korean soybean varieties qualifies as biomarkers based on their phenotypic traits.Analysis of the data collected was done using four software: SIFT, Polyphen, PANTHER, and I-mutant 2.0, which are designed to detect the rate of functional and structural variations caused by the nsSNPs in cultivated and wild soybean varieties. Genotypic information obtained in the analysis was used to develop a core collection of biomarkers based on whether nsSNP content was found in more than half of the 16 samples. Therefore, the list of biomarker candidates developed from this study showed that Korean soybean could provide valuable information needed in both future crop genetic research and identification of biomarkers.
Anti-IL-6versusAnti-IL-6R Blocking Antibodies to Treat Acute Ebola Infection in BALB/c Mice: Potential Implications for Treating Cytokine Release Syndrome
Authors: Rubsamen Reid , Burkholz Scott , Massey Christopher , Brasel Trevor , Hodge Tom , Wang Lu , Herst Charles , Carback Richard , Harris Paul 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTCytokine release syndrome (CRS) is known to be a factor in morbidity and mortality associated with acute viral infections including those caused by filoviruses and coronaviruses. IL-6 has been implicated as a cytokine negatively associated with survival after filovirus and coronavirus infection. However, IL-6 has also been shown to be an important mediator of innate immunity and important for the host response to an acute viral infection. Clinical studies are now being conducted by various researchers to evaluate the possible role of IL-6 blockers to improve outcomes in critically ill patients with CRS. Most of these studies involve the use of anti-IL-6R monoclonal antibodies (α-IL-6R mAbs). We present data showing that direct neutralization of IL-6 with an α-IL-6 mAb in a BALB/c Ebolavirus (EBOV) challenge model produced a statistically significant improvement in outcome compared with controls when administered within the first 24 hours of challenge and repeated every 72 hours. A similar effect was seen in mice treated with the same dose of α-IL-6R mAb when the treatment was delayed 48 hrs post-challenge. These data suggest that direct neutralization of IL-6, early during the course of infection, may provide additional clinical benefits to IL-6 receptor blockade alone during treatment of patients with virus-induced CRS.
An Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Using ViReport
Authors: Song Miranda , Moshiri Niema 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ongoing outbreak ofsevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in millions of cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths. Given the current lack of treatments or vaccines available, it may be useful to trace the evolu-tion and spread of the virus to better develop methods of preventative intervention. In this study, we analyzed over 4,000 full genome sequences of human SARS-CoV-2 using novel tool ViReport [13], an automated workflow for performing phylogenetic analyses on viral sequences and generating comprehensive molecular epidemiologi-cal reports. The complete ViReport output can be found athttps://github.com/mirandajsong/ViReport-SARS-CoV-2.