bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Society thinks they are cold and/or incompetent, but I do not’: Stereotype content ratings depend on instructions and the social group's location in the stereotype content space
Authors: Kotzur Patrick F. , Veit Susanne , Namyslo Annika , Holthausen Mirka‐Alicia , Wagner Ulrich , Yemane Ruta 
Published: March 2020

Stereotype content researchers have grown accustomed to ask participants how ‘society’ views social groups to tap into culturally shared stereotype content and to reduce social desirability bias (J Person Soc Psychol, 82, 2002, 878). However, methodological and theoretical considerations raise questions about this common practice, and stereotype content researchers have also asked for participants' personal perspective on social groups in the past. Nonetheless, how and whether stereotype content model scores empirically differ as a function of the instructed perspective remains questionable and to date untested. Thus, we investigated whether and, if so, how stereotype content results are affected when instructing participants to evaluate social groups from society's versus their personal perspective. Across three experiments (Study 1: N = 301; Study 2: N = 126; Study 3: N = 1,221), latent mean comparisons indicated that results regarding stereotype content ratings are affected by the instructed perspective (society's vs. personal) contingent on the social group's location in the stereotype content space: Stereotype content ratings were more negative when participants were asked to provide society's perspective on social groups compared to their own perspective, but only on an already depreciated stereotype content dimension. The number of possible comparisons across experimental conditions was substantially reduced, since preconditions for these analyses were not met. Given our methodological and theoretical considerations and empirical corroborations that the instructed perspective does affect results, we encourage a discussion on how to best measure culturally shared stereotype content and propose aggregating stereotype content scores from participants' personal perspective to the cultural level.
PROTECT VIII Kids: BAY 94‐9027 (PEGylated Recombinant Factor VIII) safety and efficacy in previously treated children with severe haemophilia A
Authors: Santagostino Elena , Kenet Gili , Fischer Kathelijn , Biss Tina , Ahuja Sanjay , Steele MacGregor 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionBAY 94‐9027, a site‐specifically PEGylated, B‐domain‒deleted recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) with extended half‐life, demonstrated efficacy for bleed prevention and treatment in previously treated adolescents and adults with severe haemophilia A.AimTo assess BAY 94‐9027 in children with severe haemophilia A.MethodsIn the two‐part PROTECT VIII Kids study, boys <12 years with <1% FVIII and >50 exposure days (EDs) to FVIII were enrolled in two cohorts (<6 years; 6‐<12 years) and treated with BAY 94‐9027 prophylaxis twice‐weekly, every 5 days, or every 7 days at physician discretion for ≥50 EDs (Part 1) or twice‐weekly for 12‐weeks (Part 2). Annualized bleeding rate (ABR) was a primary efficacy endpoint; FVIII inhibitor development was the primary safety variable.ResultsAt study completion, 25 patients had been treated twice‐weekly, 28 in the every‐5‐day group, and 8 in the every‐7‐day group. Median ABR for all bleeds was 2.9 (Part 1) and 2.4 (Part 2) and similar in younger and older patients; median ABR for joint bleeds was 0 for both cohorts. In the last 90 days’ treatment, median ABR was 0 for younger and older patients (Part 1). Of 149 reported bleeds, 93% were treated with ≤2 infusions. Twelve patients, the majority <6 years (n = 11), discontinued due to apparent loss of efficacy or hypersensitivity. No FVIII inhibitors developed.ConclusionsIn PROTECT VIII Kids, which allowed tailoring of prophylaxis to individual clinical response, BAY 94‐9027 was efficacious for bleed prevention and treatment in previously treated children with severe haemophilia A.
EXTREMIST PLATFORMS: POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES OF PROFIT‐SEEKING MEDIA
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Siddhartha , Chatterjee Kalyan , Roy Jaideep 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe analyze how information about candidate quality affects the choice of electoral platforms made by an office‐motivated political challenger. The incumbent is of known quality and located at the ideal policy of the voter. The voter cares for both policy and the candidates' quality and can learn about the challenger's quality by buying information. A high‐quality challenger then has an incentive to signal her quality by choosing a policy that induces the voter to buy information. We first study the benchmark case in which the information is supplied exogenously, and its quality is independent of the challenger's platform; this yields multiple equilibria and indeterminacy of equilibrium platforms. By contrast, when the information is supplied by a profit‐maximizing media outlet, its quality depends on the challenger's platform and we obtain a unique equilibrium platform. In particular, when the incumbent's quality is relatively low, the media coverage rises and the challenger's platform diverges further from the voter's ideal policy as the voter's preference for quality increases.
CCR5 and CCR5Δ32 in bacterial and parasitic infections: Thinking chemokine receptors outside the HIV box
Authors: Ellwanger Joel Henrique , Kaminski Valéria de Lima , Rodrigues Andressa Gonçalves , Kulmann‐Leal Bruna , Chies José Artur Bogo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe CCR5 molecule was reported in 1996 as the main HIV‐1 co‐receptor. In that same year, the CCR5Δ32 genetic variant was described as a strong protective factor against HIV‐1 infection. These findings led to extensive research regarding the CCR5, culminating in critical scientific advances, such as the development of CCR5 inhibitors for the treatment of HIV infection. Recently, the research landscape surrounding CCR5 has begun to change. Different research groups have realized that, since CCR5 has such important effects in the chemokine system, it could also affect other different physiological systems. Therefore, the effect of reduced CCR5 expression due to the presence of the CCR5Δ32 variant began to be further studied. Several studies have investigated the role of CCR5 and the impacts of CCR5Δ32 on autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, various types of cancer, and viral diseases. However, the role of CCR5 in diseases caused by bacteria and parasites is still poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this article is to review the role of CCR5 and the effects of CCR5Δ32 on bacterial (brucellosis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis and infection by Chlamydia trachomatis) and parasitic infections (toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and schistosomiasis). Basic information about each of these infections was also addressed. The neglected role of CCR5 in fungal disease and emerging studies regarding the action of CCR5 on regulatory T cells are briefly covered in this review. Considering the “renaissance of CCR5 research,” this article is useful for updating researchers who develop studies involving CCR5 and CCR5Δ32 in different infectious diseases.
Preise und Mengen in kurz‐ und langfristiger Analyse : II
Authors: Gahlen Bernhard 
Published: March 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGWährend der Stagflation ist die Beziehung zwischen Preisen und Mengen ein Hauptgegenstand der Wirtschaftstheorie und der empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung geworden. Dabei sind die verschiedenen Tradeoffs zwischen Preisen und Mengen in der «reduzierten Form» präsentiert worden. In diesem Aufsatz werden die reduzierten Formen gemeinsam betrachtet. Dabei werden fünf empirische Regelmässigkeiten behandelt: Preise und Mengen sind positiv korreliert; Inflationsrate und Variabilität dieser Rate auf der einen Seite und die relative Preisvariabilität auf der anderen Seite sind positiv korreliert; die relative Preis‐ und Mengenvariabilität sind positiv korreliert; schliesslich ist die zyklische Preisvariabilität und Mengenvariabilität negativ korreliert. Im zweiten Teil dieses Beitrags wird auf die «strukturelle Form», die die «reduzierten Formen» erklären kann, eingegangen. Dabei wird vor allem der informations‐ und kontraktorientierte Makroansatz behandelt. Verschiedene weitere Hypothesen werden herangezogen. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass die theoretischen Modelle durchaus im Einklang mit den Fakten stehen. Dabei bieten sie jedoch nicht die einzige Erklärungsmöglichkeit.
National Debt Neutrality: Some International Evidence
Authors: Koskela Erkki , Virén Matti 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYThis paper contains ‐ in the context of consumption behavior – some empirical tests for the debt neutrality hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, the tax/debt financing mix of government spending does not matter. The large international cross section‐time series data from OECD countries lends no support to the coefficient restrictions implied by the debt neutrality hypothesis. This result turns out to be robust with respect to various ways of measuring the public sector deficit variable, to weighting patterns, to additional variables, to various data samples and to estimation methods.
Good for managers, bad for society? Causal evidence on the association between risk‐taking incentives and corporate social responsibility
Authors: Mayberry Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUsing FAS 123R as an exogenous shock to stock options, I provide evidence that equity‐based risk‐taking incentives discourage corporate social responsibility (CSR). This finding suggests that compensation incentives can motivate managers not to pursue CSR strategies because CSR reduces firms’ risk and provides insurance‐like benefits. Firms with a greater demand for CSR's risk reduction are more sensitive to changes in risk‐taking incentives. I triangulate my results by confirming that CSR weaknesses are positively related to subsequent stock return volatility. Overall, using a robust empirical design, I find that risk‐taking incentives are a determinant of firms’ CSR.
Use of oral anticoagulation therapy in the first 3 months after the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in Israel: A population‐based study
Authors: Kezerle Louise , Tsadok Meytal A. , Berliner Senderey Adi , Hoshen Moshe , Leventer‐Roberts Maya , Reges Orna , Leibowitz Morton , Haim Moti 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionOral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy reduces the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) while increasing the risk of bleeding. Recently, non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have become available with lower rates of intracranial bleeding, and some of them have presented a reduced risk of major bleeding. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in purchasing patterns of OACs (both warfarin and NOACs) over time in patients with AF according to stroke and bleeding risk, in the first 3 months after diagnosis.Methods and ResultsWe conducted a historical cohort study using the Clalit Health Services electronic medical records database. The study population included all members aged ≥21 years, with a new diagnosis of nonvalvular AF between 2008 and 2015. A total of 58 385 cases were identified. The mean age was 73.1 (±14.1) years, and 52.3% of the patients were women. The median CHA2DS2‐VASc score was 4 (interquartile range, 3‐5). OACs were purchased by 19 705 patients (33.8%) within the first 3 months of first diagnosis of AF, with patients at higher embolic risk as stratified by the CHA2DS2‐VASc score and having higher purchasing rates (37.1%). Between 2008 and 2010, 29% of patients purchased a vitamin K antagonist, the only available OAC at the time. OAC purchasing increased to 41.4% between 2014 and 2015, with half of the patients purchasing an NOAC.ConclusionIn this real‐world, population‐based cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed AF, we found a lower than expected rate of OAC prescription within 3 months of diagnosis but an encouraging increase in OAC purchasing over time. The use of NOACs has risen exponentially within just a few years, accounting for a greater pool of patients with being prescribed an OAC.
Can one or two simple questions predict poor medication adherence?
Authors: Stuart Bruce C. , Timmons Veronica , Loh Feng‐Hua E. , Dai Mingliang , Xu Jing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRationale, Aims, and ObjectivesPoor adherence to evidence‐based medications is a major problem in conventional clinical practise. Better prognostic tools are needed to identify those with the highest likelihood of being non‐adherent. The objective of this study is to determine if a 2‐item patient activation status (PAS) measure identifies Medicare beneficiaries at risk of poor adherence to drugs typically recommended in treating type 2 diabetes.MethodsPAS and medication adherence were assessed for respondents to the 2009 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey and then compared using bivariate and multivariate tests. Participants' PAS was classified as “active,” “high effort,” “complacent,” or “passive” based on how confident they were in identifying needed medical care and whether they brought medication lists to their doctors' visits. Adherence with oral antidiabetic drugs, angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, and statins was assessed using proportion of days covered (PDC).ResultsA total of 940 Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes enrolled in Part D plans in 2009. The overall effect of PAS on medication adherence was small (3% lower PDC for complacent/passive vs active/high effort beneficiaries, P < 0.10). However, interactions of complacent/passive PAS with other characteristics associated with poor adherence identified certain subgroups as especially prone to problematic adherence: age < 65 (PDC −11%, P < 0.05), non‐Hispanic black (PDC −13%, P < 0.05), and morbidly obese (−9%, P < 0.10).ConclusionA single question relating to taking medication lists to doctor visits may help identify patient subgroups prone to poor adherence in conventional practise, but larger samples are necessary to validate and extend these findings.
Development of near‐infrared online grading device for long jujube
Authors: Wang Ancheng , Sheng Ren , Li Huanhuan , Agyekum Akwasi Akomeah , Hassan Md Mehedi , Chen Quansheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsSoluble solids content (SSC) is an essential indicator for evaluating the internal quality of fresh jujube, which can be used to classify the quality grade of fresh jujube.MethodsIn this study, SSC was determined as the research index of the internal quality in Lingwu long jujube to classify their quality grade. The online rapid nondestructive grading device for jujube quality was designed, including the design of the hardware system and a software system. The performance of the device was evaluated by additional samples.ResultsBy grading external samples, the correct rate of classification of SSC was 86.7% (the first, second, and third grade were 100, 85.7, and 71.4%, respectively), and the residual predictive deviation (RPD) value of optimal model was 2.8 (>2.5).ConclusionsThe acquired results revealed that, the device could be used in production.Practical ApplicationsIn this study, we developed an online nondestructive sugar grading device for fresh jujubes, including the design of hardware systems, the development of software systems. NIR spectroscopy technique coupled with chemometric selection method of characteristic variables were used to build a prediction model for SSC in fresh jujubes. In addition, the model and device were evaluated by external samples, the accuracy of the result was high, and it could be used for the grading of the sugar content of fresh jujube and could potentially extend the quality parameter grading applied to other fruit. This study provided the basis for the development of nondestructive rapid grading system related to the quality of fruit and vegetable.
To move or not to move: How farmers now living in flood storage areas of China decide whether to move out or to stay put
Authors: Wang Na , Shi Guoqing , Zhou Xiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe living and production of large populations in flood storage areas (FSAs) is a common phenomenon in China. Such a situation inevitably produces a contradiction between flood potential and development, which may be solved by resettlement. Resettlement in FSAs with Chinese characteristics is an important means of flood risk management by the government. Based on a questionnaire survey, this paper analyses the factors influencing the resettlement decision‐making process of farmer households' in FSAs using a logistic regression. The findings suggest that the location of the resettlement, resettlement subsidies, and rationality of the subsidy policy have the most significant positive effect. The government should take measures to encourage farmers to resettle, so as to accelerate resettlement progress.
Optimizing Retention in a Pragmatic Trial of Community‐Living Older Persons: The STRIDE Study
Authors: Gill Thomas M. , McGloin Joanne M. , Shelton Amy , Bianco Luann M. , Skokos Eleni A. , Latham Nancy K. , Ganz David A. , Nyquist Linda V. , Wallace Robert B. , Carnie Martha B. , Dykes Patricia C. , Goehring Lori A. , Doyle Margaret , Charpentier Peter A. , Greene Erich J. , Araujo Katy L. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVESThe Strategies to Reduce Injuries and Develop Confidence in Elders (STRIDE) study is testing the effectiveness of a multifactorial intervention to prevent serious fall injuries. Our aim was to describe procedures that were implemented to optimize participant retention; report retention yields by age, sex, clinical site, and follow‐up time; provide reasons for study withdrawals; and highlight the successes and lessons learned from the STRIDE retention efforts.DESIGNPragmatic cluster randomized trial.SETTINGA total of 86 primary care practices within 10 US healthcare systems.PARTICIPANTSA total of 5451 community‐living persons, 70 years of age or older, at high risk for serious fall injuries.MEASUREMENTSStudy outcomes were collected every 4 months by a central call center. Reconsent was required to extend follow‐up beyond the originally planned 36 months.RESULTSOver a median follow‐up of 3.2 years (interquartile range = 2.8‐3.7 y), 439 (8.1%) participants died and 600 (11.0%) withdrew their consent or did not reconsent to extend follow‐up beyond 36 months, yielding rates (per 100 person‐years) of deaths and withdrawals of 2.6 and 3.6, respectively. The withdrawal rate increased with advancing age, was comparable for men and women, and did not differ much by clinical site. The most common reasons for withdrawal were illness and unable to contact for reconsent at 36 months. Completion of the follow‐up interviews was greater than 93% at each time point. Most participants completed all (71.8%) or all but one (9.2%) of the follow‐up interviews. The most common reason for not completing a follow‐up interview was unable to contact, with rates ranging from 2.8% at 40 months to 4.6% at 20 months.CONCLUSIONCompletion of the thrice‐yearly follow‐up interviews in STRIDE was high, and retention of participants over 44 months exceeded the original projections. The procedures used in STRIDE, together with lessons learned, should assist other investigators who are planning or conducting large pragmatic trials of vulnerable older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1242–1249, 2020.
Cancers associated with extraovarian endometriosis at less common/rare sites: A nationwide survey in Japan
Authors: Mandai Masaki , Osuga Yutaka , Hirata Tetsuya , Enomoto Takayuki , Nakai Hidekatsu , Honda Ritsuo , Taniguchi Fuminori , Katabuchi Hidetaka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimEndometriosis mostly affects the ovary but can also be present outside of the ovary including the pelvic peritoneum, intestine, urinary tract and lung. In case of ovarian endometriotic cyst, an increased risk of ovarian cancer, especially of clear cell and endometrioid histology, has been reported. However, because of the rarity, cancer occurrence from endometriosis at less common sites/rare sites is poorly understood.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide survey on the less common/rare site endometriosis in 3539 authorized facilities in Japan. We requested to complete a case report form for each case, including information on the history of endometriosis, treatment for endometriosis, type of surgery, involved site(s) of cancer and endometriosis, histology of cancer, chemotherapy and outcome.ResultsOut of 1397 confirmed cases of less common/rare site endometriosis, 11 cases of rare site endometriosis‐associated cancer (RSEAC) were reported: seven of them were associated with intestinal endometriosis, three were associated with urinary tract endometriosis and one was associated with umbilical endometriosis. Interestingly, the histology was endometrioid in seven (64%) cases, and serous, seromucinous borderline, clear cell and mucinous in one case each (10%), differing from the case of ovarian endometriosis‐associated cancer, in which clear cell carcinoma are more common.ConclusionOur nationwide survey on RSEAC has revealed that: (i) the incidence of malignant transformation may be lower than ovarian endometriosis, (ii) malignant transformation from endometriosis outside the abdominal cavity may be extremely rare and (iii) the histology of RSEAC is predominantly endometrioid type, suggesting an association of a hormonal effect.
Effect of benzylpenicillin on intravenous pharmacokinetics of acyclovir in red‐eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans)
Authors: D. Corum Duygu , Corum Orhan , Atik Orkun , E. Faki Hatice , Altan Feray , Uney Kamil 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of benzylpenicillin on the pharmacokinetics of acyclovir in red‐eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans). Six clinically healthy red‐eared slider turtles weighing 400 and 580 g were used for the study. Acyclovir (40 mg/kg) and benzylpenicillin (30 mg/kg) were administered intravenously to turtles. In the study, the cross‐pharmacokinetic design (2 × 2) with a 30‐day washout period was performed in two periods. Plasma concentrations of acyclovir were assayed using the high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by two‐compartment open pharmacokinetic model. Following the administration of acyclovir alone, elimination half‐life (t1/2β), area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC), total clearance (ClT), and volume of distribution at steady‐state (Vdss) were 20.12 hr, 1,372 hr * µg/mL, 0.03 L hr−1 kg−1, and 0.84 L/kg, respectively. Benzylpenicillin administration increased t1/2β, AUC, and Vdss while decreased ClT of acyclovir. These results showed that benzylpenicillin changed the pharmacokinetics of acyclovir following simultaneous administration in turtles. However, further research is needed to determine molecular mechanism of interaction in turtle.