bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The TESS–Keck Survey. I. A Warm Sub-Saturn-mass Planet and a Caution about Stray Light in TESS Cameras*
Authors: Dalba Paul A. , Gupta Arvind F. , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Dragomir Diana , Huang Chelsea X. , Kane Stephen R. , Quinn Samuel N. , Bieryla Allyson , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Fulton Benjamin J. , Scarsdale Nicholas , Batalha Natalie M. , Beard Corey , Behmard Aida , Chontos Ashley , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Dressing Courtney D. , Giacalone Steven , Hill Michelle L. , Hirsch Lea A. , Howard Andrew W. , Huber Daniel , Isaacson Howard , Kosiarek Molly , Lubin Jack , Mayo Andrew W. , Mocnik Teo , Akana Murphy Joseph M. , Petigura Erik A. , Robertson Paul , Rosenthal Lee J. , Roy Arpita , Rubenzahl Ryan A. , Van Zandt Judah , Weiss Lauren M. , Knudstrup Emil , Andersen Mads F. , Grundahl Frank , Yao Xinyu , Pepper Joshua , Villanueva Steven , Ciardi David R. , Cloutier Ryan , Jacobs Thomas Lee , Kristiansen Martti H. , LaCourse Daryll M. , Lendl Monika , Osborn Hugh P. , Palle Enric , Stassun Keivan G. , Stevens Daniel J. , Ricker George R. , Vanderspek Roland , Latham David W. , Seager S. , Winn Joshua N. , Jenkins Jon M. , Caldwell Douglas A. , Daylan Tansu , Fong William , Goeke Robert F. , Rose Mark E. , Rowden Pamela , Schlieder Joshua E. , Smith Jeffrey C. , Vanderburg Andrew 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We report the detection of a Saturn-size exoplanet orbiting HD 332231 (TOI 1456) in light curves from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). HD 332231—an F8 dwarf star with a V-band magnitude of 8.56—was observed by TESS in Sectors 14 and 15. We detect a single-transit event in the Sector 15 presearch data conditioning (PDC) light curve. We obtain spectroscopic follow-up observations of HD 332231 with the Automated Planet Finder, Keck I, and SONG telescopes. The orbital period we infer from radial velocity (RV) observations leads to the discovery of another transit in Sector 14 that was masked by PDC due to scattered light contamination. A joint analysis of the transit and RV data confirms the planetary nature of HD 332231 b, a Saturn-size (

), sub-Saturn-mass (

) exoplanet on a 18.71 day circular orbit. The low surface gravity of HD 332231 b and the relatively low stellar flux it receives make it a compelling target for transmission spectroscopy. Also, the stellar obliquity is likely measurable via the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect, an exciting prospect given the 0.14 au orbital separation of HD 332231 b. The spectroscopic observations do not provide substantial evidence for any additional planets in the HD 332231 system, but continued RV monitoring is needed to further characterize this system. We also predict that the frequency and duration of masked data in the PDC light curves for TESS Sectors 14–16 could hide transits of some exoplanets with orbital periods between 10.5 and 17.5 days.
Updated Parameters and a New Transmission Spectrum of HD 97658b
Authors: Guo Xueying , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Dragomir Diana , Kosiarek Molly R. , Lothringer Joshua , Mikal-Evans Thomas , Rosenthal Lee , Benneke Bjorn , Knutson Heather A. , Dalba Paul A. , Kempton Eliza M. R. , Henry Gregory W. , McCullough P. R. , Barman Travis , Blunt Sarah , Chontos Ashley , Fortney Jonathan , Fulton Benjamin J. , Hirsch Lea , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Matthews Jaymie , Mocnik Teo , Morley Caroline , Petigura Erik A. , Weiss Lauren M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Recent years have seen increasing interest in the characterization of sub-Neptune-sized planets because of their prevalence in the Galaxy, contrasted with their absence in our solar system. HD 97658 is one of the brightest stars hosting a planet of this kind, and we present the transmission spectrum of this planet by combining four Hubble Space Telescope transits, 12 Spitzer/IRAC transits, and eight MOST transits of this system. Our transmission spectrum has a higher signal-to-noise ratio than those from previous works, and the result suggests that the slight increase in transit depth from wavelength 1.1–1.7 μm reported in previous works on the transmission spectrum of this planet is likely systematic. Nonetheless, our atmospheric modeling results are inconclusive, as no model provides an excellent match to our data. Nonetheless, we find that atmospheres with high C/O ratios (C/O ≳ 0.8) and metallicities of ≳100× solar metallicity are favored. We combine the mid-transit times from all of the new Spitzer and MOST observations and obtain an updated orbital period of P = 9.489295 ± 0.000005, with a best-fit transit time center at T
0 = 2456361.80690 ± 0.00038 (BJD). No transit timing variations are found in this system. We also present new measurements of the stellar rotation period (34 ± 2 days) and stellar activity cycle (9.6 yr) of the host star HD 97658. Finally, we calculate and rank the Transmission Spectroscopy Metric of all confirmed planets cooler than 1000 K and with sizes between 1 R
⊕ and 4 R
⊕. We find that at least a third of small planets cooler than 1000 K can be well characterized using James Webb Space Telescope, and of those, HD 97658b is ranked fifth, meaning that it remains a high-priority target for atmospheric characterization.
Global Circulation of the Open Magnetic Flux of the Sun
Authors: Fisk L. A. , Kasper J. C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The global circulation of the open magnetic flux of the Sun, the component of the solar magnetic field that opens into the heliosphere, and the consequences of the global circulation were proposed by Fisk and coworkers in the early 2000s. The Parker Solar Probe, on its initial encounters with the Sun, has provided direct confirmation of both the global circulation and the physical mechanism by which the circulation occurs, transport by interchange reconnection between open magnetic flux and large coronal loops. The implications of this confirmation of the global circulation of open magnetic flux and the importance of interchange reconnection is discussed.
Long-Term Vision Outcomes in Patients With DME and a Limited Early Visual Response to Ranibizumab in RIDE and RISE
Authors: Singh Rishi P. , Pieramici Dante J. , Wang Pin-wen , Gune Shamika 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare early and long-term visual responses to ranibizumab in patients with diabetic macular edema.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective analysis of RIDE (NCT00473382) and RISE (NCT00473330). Vision outcomes over 36 months were compared between limited early gainers (gained ≤ 5 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS] letters), early 1-line gainers (gained 6 to 9 ETDRS letters), and early 2-or-more-line gainers (gained ≥ 10 ETDRS letters) at Month 3.

RESULTS:
Among 235 ranibizumab-treated patients, 42.6%, 20.0%, and 37.4% were limited early gainers, early 1-line gainers, and early 2-or-more-line gainers, respectively. At Month 36, 71.3% of limited early gainers achieved 6 to 9 and 10 or more ETDRS letter gains. Mean ETDRS letter scores at Month 36 were comparable between limited early gainers (67.8), early 1-line gainers (73.4), and early 2-or-more-line gainers (71.6).

CONCLUSION:
Clinically meaningful vision outcomes were achieved with long-term ranibizumab treatment, irrespective of early visual acuity response.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2020;51:210–218.]
Comparison of Ocular Ultrasound Versus SD-OCT for Imaging of the Posterior Vitreous Status in Patients With DME
Authors: Pessoa Bernardete , Coelho João , Malheiro Luísa , José Diana , Pires Saúl , Coelho Constança , Figueira João , Meireles Angelina , Melo-Beirão João 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
To assess the percentage of vitreous adherence to the posterior pole in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) with ocular ultrasonography (US) and establish a comparison with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Cross-sectional consecutive analysis of patients followed in a diabetic retinopathy consultation. Vitrectomized eyes and patients with epiretinal membranes were excluded. A comparison between macular SD-OCT 20 × 20°, SD-OCT 55 × 35°, and ocular US for the vitreous status was performed. A subanalysis of the percentage of eyes with thickened posterior hyaloid and focal vitreous macular adhesion (VMA) was determined with SD-OCT 20 × 20° and SD-OCT 55 × 35°.

RESULTS:
From 78 eyes of 39 patients, 55 eyes were included. All patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus with a median duration of 20 years (range: 3 to 40 years); 60% were phakic, and 61.8% were male. Previous treatments included intravitreal injections in 54.5% eyes, macular laser in 67.3%, and panretinal photocoagulation in 56.4%. All eyes had a non-posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) status on US. The 55 × 35° SD-OCT detected a non-PVD status in 96.4% (100% in video display mode) and a VMA in 87.3%. The 20 × 20° SD-OCT only detected a VMA in 43.6% of cases, with a thickened posterior hyaloid in 40% and a focal VMA in 18.2%.

CONCLUSIONS:
In the authors' DME patients, vitreous adherence to the posterior pole was highly prevalent, with a total agreement between US and SD-OCT 55 × 35° video display mode. SD-OCT 20 × 20° is not an accurate method to diagnose VMA compared to SD-OCT 55 × 35°.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:S50–S53.]
Association of Self-Reported Burnout and Protective Factors in Single Institution Resident Physicians
Authors: Wood Elena A. , Egan Sarah C. , Ange Brittany , Garduno Humberto , Williams David R. , Wyatt Tasha R. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Studies examining mitigating factors associated with residents' experience of burnout have found mixed results; thus the most effective approaches for programs to prevent resident burnout are unclear.

Objective
We used mixed methods to explore the association of 4 psychological constructs thought to be important protective factors for burnout—grit, resiliency, social support, and psychological flexibility—across a wide variety of residency programs at 1 institution.

Methods
The explanatory sequential study design included an online survey of previously published scales measuring burnout, grit, resiliency, social support, and psychological flexibility. The survey was sent to 20 residency programs in a single institution during the 2017–2018 academic year. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regressions to determine the association of protective factors and demographic variables. Interviews with 13 residents were conducted and analyzed deductively and inductively to identify when and how residents employed the protective factors.

Results
Among the 268 responders (51% response rate), grit, resiliency, social support, and psychological flexibility were individually inversely associated with burnout level. However, resiliency and relationship status were no longer associated with burnout when all 4 factors were included in the model. Interviews revealed that grit both protects from and contributes to burnout, residents prefer peer support, and they cognitively “step back” when stress is high.

Conclusions
Although many programs and institutions focus on resiliency in wellness programs, there may be other factors to consider, such as grit and equipping students with tools to disengage psychologically when feeling stressed or overwhelmed.
Association between Excessive Use of Mobile Phone and Insomnia among Pakistani Teenagers Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Farooq Lubna , Ali Akhtar , Mahmood Sehrish , Farzand Mahnoor , Masood Hina , Mujahid Sumreen 
Published: April 2020

Introduction:In the era of modern technology mobile phones have becoming popular, especially in teenagers. Besides of its uses there are various undesirable psychological and physical impact on heath. Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study was to access the link among Excessive Use of Smart Phone and there sleep pattern among Pakistani Adolescents.
Materials and Methods: A detailed cross sectional study was performed on a total of 500 medical graduates range between 18 and 24 years who were using mobile phone atleast a year. Self-designed Questionnaire is given to them having details of their frequency and pattern of using smart phone. Sleep quality was analyzed by using Pittsburg Sleep Quality index .Chi square test was also perform to check the link between frequency of mobile phone and quality of sleep.P value < 0.005 were considered as significant.
Result: Out of 500 participants, the frequency of mobile phone usage was more in males 70% as compare to females30%. Their age varied from 21to 24 with mean age of 20 ± 1.9 years. Most of students use mobile phone in night 188 (38%)and 202 (40%) participants using mobile phone unlimited. 366 (73%) students mentioned that they start using mobile phone at intermediate level and claimed that no surveillance of the mobile phone being done by the parents . Students who were using unlimited mobile phone reported that they take more than 1 hour to sleep that showed a significant (p-value <0.001) correlation between more mobile phone use and time taken to sleep.
Conclusion: The results of our study conclude that excessive mobile phone usage leads to sleep disturbances and poor quality of sleep. That may implement negative effects on student’s mental and physical health along with this it can also affect the students’ educational performance and daily life activities.
Lion Motif used in Buddhist Architecture of Ancient Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Sk. Zohirul 
Published: April 2020

Lion is the king of the animal world. They live in the plains and grassy hills. The male lion's job is to protect the clan from enemies. However, lions do not have any natural enemy. Due to these characteristics, the lion has been considered through all ages in the world as a symbol of royalty and protection as well as of wisdom and pride. In Buddhism, lions are symbolic of the Bodhisattvas. In Buddhist architecture, lion motifs or figure were used as protectors of Dharma and therefore support the throne of the Buddha’s and Bodhisattvas. The lion motifs (symbol) were also used at the entrance of the monasteries and shrines possibly for the same reason. In ancient Bangladesh, there are various types of Lion motif used in terracotta plaques of Ananda Vihara, Rupbhan Mura and Shalban Vihara at Mainamati in Comilla district, Vashu Vihara, Mankalir Kundo at Mahasthangarh in Bogra district and Somapura Mahavihara at Paharpur in Naogaon district. This paper aims to address the cultural significance of the lion motif in Buddhist architecture of ancient Bangladesh and relates it to various types of representation to understand its origin and evaluation.
Internally Displacement and Cognitive Reasoning in Children of North Central, Nigeria
Authors: Agashua Philemon Atume , Grace Awopetu Ronke , Ugese Jonathan Iornenge 
Published: April 2020

The cognitive progression of displaced children has suffered major setback in Nigeria in recent time as a result of boko haram insurgency, Fulani herdsmen militia and communal clashes. Therefore, this study examines the cognitive reasoning of the children of primary and secondary school ages that are currently seeking refuge at internally displaced camps in North-Central, Nigeria. 1,222 internally displaced children were assessed using visual, numerical and verbal reasoning analysis tests respectively, developed by Barrett (2004). Of the total number of participants, 29.8% responded correctly to numerical reasoning tests, 15.6% answered correctly the verbal reasoning tests and 31.7% responded to visual analysis tests. The result showed that majority of the children could not respond correctly to reasoning and analysis tests. The study concludes that children are worst vulnerable to current ongoing displacement in the country and this has resulted into downfall in the educational system and cognitive improvement of the children. It is therefore recommended that quick response to IDP children in the area of education should not be ignored or neglected in case of displacement of any type by government, philanthropists and non-governmental organizations.
In-Service Teachers’ Perception of Continuing Education Programmes in Two African Universities
Authors: Olaniyi Francis O. , Nzima Dumisani R. 
Published: April 2020

The study compared the in-service teachers’ perception of continuing education programmes from two universities in Africa; University of Zululand, South Africa (UZ), and Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria, (AAU). The study covers the impact, effectiveness and efficiency of UZ and AAU on in-service teachers’ of continuing education programmes. The target population and sample for the study were the current teachers of continuing education programmes of these universities. The instrument tagged ‘Questionnaire for Perceptions of Continuing Education Programmes by in-service Teachers’ (QPCEPIT) was designed and used for data collection. The descriptive survey research design of ex-post facto was adopted for the study. 150 questionnaires were randomly used for pilot study, carried out at Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria, whilst 500 questionnaires each were administered at both UZ and AAU of which 365 and 321 responses were valid and analysed respectively. Four research questions were carefully formulated to ascertain the perceptions of continuing education programmes by in-service teachers in the selected universities. Inferential statistics was used to draw conclusions and test the research questions for the study. The results of the comparative study revealed that the conclusiveness of the learning environment, the nature and quality of student support services provided, the quality and learners’ perception of course modules or materials, accommodation problems and venue of the programme were the major predictors for motivation of in-service teachers of the programme. Based on the findings of the study recommendations were made on how the programme will have impact on the in-service teachers and how the universities that are running the programme will be effectively and efficiently manage the programme for the acceleration and advancement of socio-economic growth in South Africa, Nigeria, and the world at large.
Macroeconomic Variables and Retained Earnings of Quoted Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria: A Time Variant Study
Authors: Iheduru Ngozi G. , Okoro Charles U. 
Published: April 2020

This study examined external factors that determine retained earnings of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Annual time series data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigerian Statistical Bulletin, and Annual Reports of the selected manufacturing firms, the study modeled retained earnings the function of money supply, exchange rate, oil price, inflation rate and interest rate. The ordinary Least Square method was employed with multiple regression model based on Statistical Package for Social Sciences version (22.0). The Durbin-Watson statistics show the presence of multiple serial autocorrelation.The result shows collinearity that corresponds with the Eigen value condition index and variance constants are less than the required number, while the variance inflation factors indicate the absence of auto-correlation.It was found that Oil price have positive impact on retention rate of the selected manufacturing firms while exchange rate and interest rate have negative impact on the dependent variable. It was also found that money supply have negative effect on dividend payout rate while inflation rate have positive impact on retention rate. From the findings we conclude that oil price, interest rate, exchange rate and money supply have no significant relationship with dividend policy while inflation rate have significant relationship with dividend policy of the selected quoted manufacturing firms. We recommend the need for the manufacturing firms to formulate policies that leverage the negative effect of macroeconomic variables on retained earnings of the manufacturing firms and interest rate should properly be defined in the Nigerian financial market that is either full deregulated or regulated to determine the market rate of return, investment and the profitability of manufacturing firms. The operational efficiency of Nigerian capital market and the financial environment should be deepened, existing laws that does not encourage profitable investment should be changed and new laws enacted to enhance investment that will affect the profitability of manufacturing firms positively.
Interest-Free Treasury Bonds (IFTB): Islamic Finance and Legal Clarifications
Authors: Bidabad Bijan 
Published: April 2020

Purpose: Although the treasury bill is the essential monetary instrument in central banking operations, its application in Islamic banking is not legitimate because it involves usury. This implies that the system cannot apply monetary and fiscal policies. To remove this obstacle “Interest-Free Treasury Bond” (IFTB) is introduced as a substitute for conventional treasury bills.
Design: IFTB is a valuable paper which is issued by government treasury through a barter contract and is sold to central or commercial banks. The issuer is a debtor to the holder, and has to pay back the nominal value at maturity to the holder; in addition, the issuer is committed to lending a similar amount of money to the paper holder for an equal period. The Shariah and legal background of IFTB is explained through new contract types of “time-barter contract” and “time-loan contract”.
Finding: IFTB is a zero-coupon, asset-backed note with no interest and is designed upon “debt equal to future loan”, or “loan equal to future debt” with “time-withdrawal right”. The paper holder can supply and transact her bond in the secondary market at a competitive price.
Practical Implication: It can be used as a substitute for conventional treasury bills. All traditional and non-usury systems can implement IFTB.
JEL: E43, E44, E52, E58, E62, E63
Le Corbusier et le problème du vêtement. De quoi “rhabiller” la théorie
Authors: Félix-Fromentin C. 
Published: April 2020

A finales de la década de 1920, Le Corbusier mostró un interés por la vestimenta moderna femenina, hasta el punto de proclamar que de la revolución vestimentaria dependía la revolución de la arquitectura. Esta afirmación causa sorpresa, porque las teorías de la arquitectura moderna y el diseño han rechazado o soslayado la cuestión vestimentaria. Por lo demás, la idea de Le Corbusier ha sido considerada ambigua. ¿Cómo, por qué, en pleno avance industrial, en la era de la máquina, basar la arquitectura en la vestimenta ? Sus escritos diversos sobre la cuestión, desde los años 1910 hasta la década de 1940, permiten apreciar dos puntos de vista opuestos que se hacen eco de las controversias y de las divergencias ideológicas características de esa época: estándar contra individualidad, teoría protética contra teoría rítmica. Es así como, concentrándonos en un diseño de vestimenta que esbozó en los años cincuenta, ponemos de manifiesto su posición positivamente paradójica y en qué medida esta es adecuada para «revestir» la teoría –su teoría–, así como ciertas teorías que le convocan.