bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An improved EAAP scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Gu Tianlong , Yuan Bin , Liu Yining , Wang Peng , Li Long , Chang Liang 
Published: January 2020

SummaryRecently, Maria Azees et al proposed an “EAAP: efficient anonymous authentication with conditional privacy‐preserving scheme for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks.” Their scheme is mainly to solve the problem of high computation time of anonymous certificate and signature authentication, as well as the tracking problem of malicious vehicles. However, some improvements are needed in the protection of anonymous identity and the effective tracking of malicious vehicles. In this paper, our scheme realizes mutual authentication between OBU and RSU, and the RSU is authenticated without using certificate. In order to prevent the anonymous identity of the vehicles from being monitored and tracked, we use the negotiated short‐time key to encrypt the anonymous identity in the vehicle certificates. In addition, our scheme uses a new tracking method for malicious vehicles. Then, we prove the scheme through BAN logic, and it has the properties of authentication, anonymity, unlinkability, privacy protection, and traceability. Finally, we compare the computation cost and communication cost with other schemes, and the scheme has been greatly improved.
A review of phenformin, metformin, and imeglimin
Authors: Yendapally Raghunandan , Sikazwe Donald , Kim Subin S. , Ramsinghani Sushma , Fraser‐Spears Rheaclare , Witte Amy P. , La‐Viola Brittany 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Phenformin and metformin are biguanide antidiabetic agents that are conveniently synthesized in a single‐step chemical reaction. Phenformin was once used to lower blood glucose levels, but later withdrawn from the market in several countries because it was frequently associated with lactic acidosis. Metformin is still a widely prescribed medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes despite the introduction of several newer antidiabetic agents. Metformin is administered orally and has desirable pharmacokinetics. Incidence of metformin‐induced lactic acidosis is serious but very rare. Imeglimin, a novel molecule being investigated by Poxel and Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma in Japan, is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Unlike metformin, imeglimin is a cyclic molecule containing a triazine ring. However, like metformin, imeglimin is also a basic small molecule. Imeglimin is synthesized from metformin as a precursor via a single step chemical reaction. Recent mechanism of action studies suggests that imeglimin improves mitochondria function, when given in combination with metformin it helps achieve better glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. We herein describe and compare the current status, synthesis, physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic parameters, mechanism of action, and preclinical/clinical studies of metformin and imeglimin.
Synthesis of novel flexible tamoxifen analogues to overcome CYP2D6 polymorphism and their biological evaluation on MCF‐7 cell line
Authors: Ahmed Nermin S. , Wober Jannette 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTamoxifen (TAM) is currently the endocrine treatment of choice for all stages of breast cancer; it has proven success in ER positive and ER negative patients. TAM is activated by endogenous CYP450 enzymes to the more biologically active metabolites 4‐hydroxytamoxifen and endoxifen mainly via CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5. CYP2D6 has been investigated for polymorphism; there is a large interindividual variation in the enzyme activity, this drastically effects clinical outcomes of tamoxifen treatment. Here in we report the design and synthesis of 10 novel compounds bearing a modified tamoxifen skeleton, ring C is substituted with different ester groups to bypass the CYP2D6 enzyme metabolism and employ esterase enzymes for activation. All compounds endorse flexibility on ring A. Compounds (II–X) showed MCF‐7% growth inhibition >50% at a screening dose of 10 μM. These results were validated by yeast estrogen screen (YES) and E‐Screen assay combined with XTT assay. Compound II (E/Z 4‐[1–4‐(3‐Dimethylamino‐propoxy)‐phenyl)‐3‐(4‐methoxy‐phenyl)‐2‐methyl‐propenyl]‐phenol) showed nanomolar antiestrogenic activity (IC50 = 510 nM in YES assay) and was five times more potent in inhibiting the growth of MCF‐7 BUS (IC50 = 96 nM) compared to TAM (IC50 = 503 nM). Esterified analogues VI, VII were three times more active than TAM on MCF‐7 BUS (IC50 = 167 nM). Novel analogues are prodrugs that can ensure equal clinical outcomes to all breast cancer patients.
Communicating the consensus on climate change to college biology majors: The importance of preaching to the choir
Authors: Sloane Jeremy D. , Wiles Jason R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCollege and university biology majors who are not climate change deniers may yet be unaware of the degree of scientific consensus on climate change and unprepared to communicate about climate science to others. This study reports on a population of climate change accepting biology majors at a large, private research university in the American northeast. Our students tended to greatly underestimate the degree of scientific consensus around climate change, to be only moderately worried about climate change, and to be unconfident in their ability to communicate about the state of the scientific consensus around climate change. After an introduction to the scholarly literature that substantiates and quantifies the scientific consensus on climate change in the context of a course on biological research literature, our students showed significant increases in their estimates of the consensus on climate change, and their estimates were more accurate. Additionally, they became more worried about climate change as well as more confident in their ability to communicate about the scientific consensus to others. These results are in line with the Gateway Belief Model, which positions perception of scientific agreement on climate change as an important driver of acceptance and motivation toward action.
Effects of climate change and crop planting structure on the abundance of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Huang Jian , Hao HongFei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe interactions between plants and insects play an important role in ecosystems. Climate change and cropping patterns can affect herbivorous pest insect dynamics. Understanding the reasons for population fluctuations can help improve integrated pest management strategies. Here, a 25‐year dataset on climate, cropping planting structure, and the population dynamics of cotton bollworms (Helicoverpa armigera) from Bachu County, south Xinjiang, China, was analyzed to assess the effects of changes in climate and crop planting structure on the population dynamics of H. armigera. The three generations of H. armigera showed increasing trends in population size with climate warming, especially in the third generation. The relative abundances of the first and second generations decreased, but that of the third generation increased. Rising temperature and precipitation produced different impacts on the development of different generations. The population numbers of H. armigera increased with the increase in the non‐Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton‐planted area. Asynchrony of abrupt changes existed among climate change, crop flowering dates, and the phenology of H. armigera moths. The asynchronous responses in crop flowering dates and phenology of H. armigera to climate warming would expand in the future. The primary factors affecting the first, second, and third generations of moths were Tmean in June, the last appearance date of the second generation of moths, and the duration of the third generation of moths, respectively. To reduce the harm to crops caused by H. armigera, Bt cotton should be widely planted.
Tick parasitism as a cost of sexual selection and male parental care in a Neotropical frog
Authors: Longo Ana V. , Rodríguez‐Gómez Carlos A. , Zegarra Jan P. , Monzón Omar , Claudio‐Hernández Héctor J. , Joglar Rafael L. , Zamudio Kelly R. , Burrowes Patricia A. , López‐Torres Alberto L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSexual selection can drive variation in conspicuous traits, providing signals to females about overall male health including their ability to fight parasites. Trait–parasite relationships have been extensively studied in fish and birds, but few records exist for amphibians. Here, we focused on a direct‐developing frog (Eleutherodactylus cooki) that exhibits variation in the extent of yellow coloration on the venter of males, a sexually selected trait that is correlated with reproductive success and parental care. We quantified the relationship between the color trait and the prevalence of two parasites, a tick (Carios undescribed sp.) and a fungal pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis), across hosts, populations, and environmental contexts. We found that tick larvae were carried more frequently by males than females. Among males, ticks parasitized more those with a greater extent of yellow coloration. We did not detect any patterns associated with sex, habitat use, or male coloration with fungal infections. Co‐infections were low (5%) and predominantly occurred in males (71%). Our findings highlight the reproductive cost of tick parasitism for males and suggest that females may assess both the quality of parental care and overall health in areas of high tick exposure. Thus, yellow coloration in males of this nocturnal amphibian may have evolved as an honest signal of health and quality of parental care.
Management of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction after ESC 2016 Heart Failure Guidelines: The Linx Registry
Authors: de Frutos Fernando , Mirabet Sonia , Ortega‐Paz Luis , Buera Irene , Darnés Sara , Farré Nuria , Perez Bernardo , Adeliño Raquel , Bascompte Ramón , Pérez‐Rodón Jordi , Aparicio Xavier , Sutil‐Vega Mario , Soto Adriana , Faraudo Mercedes , Cainzos‐Achirica Miguel , Manito Nicolás 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsIn May 2016, a new version of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines for the management of heart failure (HF) was released. The aim of this study was to describe the management of HF with reduced ejection fraction after the publication of ESC Guidelines.Methods and resultsThe Linx registry is a multicentre, observational, cross‐sectional study from 14 Catalan hospitals that enrolled 1056 patients with HF and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (≤40%) from 1 February to 30 April 2017 in outpatient cardiology clinics. Results were compared between hospitals according to their level of complexity in our own registry and compared with previously published registries similar to ours. Sacubitril/valsartan was prescribed to 23.9% of patients in our population, as a consequence, use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blockers in monotherapy decreased to 48.1% and 16.9%, respectively, and prescription of beta‐blockers (91.8%), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (72.7%), and ivabradine (21.4%) remained similar to previous registries. Target doses of beta‐blockers (25.4%), angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (24.9%), angiotensin receptor blockers (7.7%), sacubitril/valsartan (8.1%), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (19.7%) were accomplished in a low proportion of patients. Our results also suggest that prescription and up‐titration of class I HF drugs were greater in hospitals with higher level of complexity.ConclusionsThe Linx registry shows an appropriate adherence to pharmacological recommendations from ESC HF Guidelines despite a low proportion of patients reached target doses. Almost one‐quarter of patients were under treatment with sacubitril/valsartan a few months after ESC HF Guidelines recommendations.
Characterization of sequence variation at 30 autosomal STRs in Chinese Han and Tibetan populations
Authors: Wang Zheng , Wang Le , Liu Jing , Ye Jian , Hou Yiping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMassively parallel sequencing (MPS) technologies have the ability to reveal sequence variations within STR alleles as well as their nominal allele lengths, which have traditionally been detected by CE instruments. Recently, Thermo Fisher Scientific has updated the MPS‐STR panel, named the Precision ID GlobalFiler next‐generation sequencing (NGS) STR Panel version 2, with primers redesigned to add two pentanucleotide tandem repeat loci and profile interpretation supported by the Converge software. Using the Ion Chef System, the Ion S5XL System, and the Converge software, genetic variations were characterized within STR repeat and flanking regions of 30 autosomal STR markers in 115 unrelated individuals from two Chinese population groups (58 Tibetans and 57 Hans). Nineteen STRs demonstrated a relative increase in diversity with the variant sequence alleles compared with those of traditional nominal length alleles. In total, 390 alleles were identified by their sequences compared with 258 alleles that were identified by length. Of these 92 sequence variants found within the STR repeat regions, 40 variants were located in STR flanking regions. Additionally, the agreement of the results with CE data was evaluated, as was the ability of this new MPS panel to analyze case‐type (11 samples) and artificially degraded samples (seven samples in triplicate). The results generated from this study illustrate that extensive sequence variation exists in commonly used STR markers in the selected population samples and indicate that this NGS STR panel has the potential to be used as an effective tool for human forensics.
Cleaner strategies on the effective elimination of toxic chromium from wastewater using coupled electrochemical/biological systems
Authors: Pavithra Kirubanandam Grace , Jaikumar Vasudevan , Kumar Ponnusamy Senthil , Sundarrajan Panneerselvam 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHexavalent chromium is a toxic pollutant and carcinogen, which affects the organs internally as well as externally in our body. In this research, a combination of three‐dimensional (3D)‐electrochemical treatment followed by biological treatment was done for chromium removal in simulated wastewater. Surface‐modified Strychnos potatorum (SMSp) seeds and surface‐modified tamarind pod (SMTp) shell were used as particle electrodes, and the experiments were conducted for different pH, voltage, and particle electrode followed by biological treatment. In biological treatment, Enterobacter cloacae strain was isolated from a common effluent treatment plant (CETP) and it was utilized. The molecular characterization of E. cloacae (live biomass) was done using 16s rRNA sequencing. In 3D‐electrochemical treatment with SMSp, efficiency was found to be the best when compared with SMTp under optimum condition (6 V, 3 pH, 15 g of SMSp) at a working period of 60 min, and the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using SMSp was successfully applied to semi‐empirical kinetic model, which is based on Fermi's equation. This semi‐empirical kinetic model effectively depicts the hexavalent chromium concentration evolution in 3D‐electrochemical treatment. The combined treatment reduced the amount of chemical oxygen demand as well as the hexavalent chromium‐ion concentration in aqueous solution.
Experimental study on the enhanced oil recovery by in situ foam formulation
Authors: Chen Hailong , Li Zhaomin , Wang Fei , Li Aixin , Wanambwa Silagi , Lu Teng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn situ CO2foams (ISCF) are studied systematically by combining in situ CO2gas reactants (carbonate anhydrous, hydrochloric acid) and bio‐based surfactant. Sandpack flooding experiments at 60°C along with PVT experiments were carried out to analyze the oil displacement mechanisms. The results showed that ISCF could increase oil recovery from heterogeneous multilayer formation of permeability ratio over 6, and displacement efficiency increased with the injection volume increased before the injection of 1 PV. The incremental oil recovery by ISCF was much greater than that of conventional foam or in situ CO2(ISC) without foam under the same injection conditions. The generated CO2foam could reduce the interfacial tension between displacement phase and displaced phase effectively which contributed to the great increase in capillary number. The CO2dissolution greatly reduced the viscosity of crude oil, and the highest viscosity reduction rate at 60°C could be as high as 98%. The Ca2+concentration of produced liquids analysis revealed the ISCF could distribute intelligently the acid in heterogeneous formations.
Geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon expulsion of source rocks in the first member of the Qingshankou Formation in the Qijia‐Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin, Northeast China: Evaluation of shale oil resource potential
Authors: Huo Zhipeng , Hao Shibo , Liu Bo , Zhang Jinchuan , Ding Jianghui , Tang Xuan , Li Changrong , Yu Xiaofei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn recent years, there has been significant progress in shale oil exploration in the first member of the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1) in the Qijia‐Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin, Northeast China: It shows good prospects for shale oil. However, the recognized lack of the geochemical and hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of K2qn1 source rocks limits an accurate evaluation of shale oil resource. This study systematically investigated the geological and geochemical characteristics, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and shale oil potential of the K2qn1 source rocks. The results show that the K2qn1 mudstones were mainly deposited in the semideep and deep lacustrine facies under reducing and weak reducing conditions. Compared with the southern Gulong Sag, the northern Qijia Sag has a higher salinity, more abundant prosperous aquatic organisms, and a greater paleoproductivity. The K2qn1 source rocks are pervasive and continuous in the entire sag, with maximum thicknesses greater than 110 m. They have a higher organic matter (OM) abundance (2.40% of the average TOC), are dominated by type I and II1 kerogen, and are mature (0.8%‐0.1.3% VR), which indicate that they are good to excellent source rocks and have significant hydrocarbon generation potential. The source rocks in the Qijia Sag have a higher OM abundance, a better OM type, and a lower OM maturity than those in the Gulong Sag. The threshold and peak hydrocarbon expulsion values for marlstone source rocks are 0.85% VR and 0.95% VR, respectively. The volumes of hydrocarbons generated and expulsed from the K2qn1 source rocks are 121.8 × 108 t and 46.9 × 108 t, respectively, with a retention efficiency of 61.5%. The in‐place and recoverable resources of shale oil are 74.9 × 108 t and (12.0‐13.5) × 108 t, respectively, indicating that the entire sag has a significant shale oil potential, especially the Qijia Sag.
Enhanced data communication models for real‐time power system monitoring in a distributed platform
Authors: Kannan Nithiyananthan , Thomas Sunil , Mobarak Youssef , Alharbi Fahd 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThe novelty behind this research is to develop enhanced models for real‐time power system monitoring in a platform‐independent and distributed platform. Distributed models for power system applications have been implemented using Remote Method Invocation (RMI), Common object Request Broker Architecture and. NET remoting technologies. The interoperability among the heterogeneous power system clients in a distributed platform has been achieved through XMLization of power system data which provides meaningful solution to the legacy issues associated with power systems. A RMI‐based model for real‐time power system monitoring in a distributed platform had been implemented and discussed in detail. A component model for real‐time power system monitoring has also been proposed and implemented to increase the reusability and scalability of the system. A location transparent model has been developed using Common object Request Broker Architecture with RMI‐Internet Inter‐Orb Protocol for load flow monitoring and the idea is extended to solve real‐time economic load dispatch and dynamic security monitoring. The detailed monitoring on performance of the proposed models has been done with load flow monitoring, dynamic security monitoring and economic load dispatch problems. A. NET remoting architectural model has been developed for real‐time economic load dispatch in a distributed platform. This research paper explores various issues in deploying power system applications in a distributed platform. It will serve the purpose of stimulating interest among power engineers and also will be extremely useful for electric power utilities.
Privacy‐preserving dish‐recommendation for food nutrition through edging computing
Authors: Qiao Yimin , Sun Qindong , Cao Han , Wang Jiamin , Hao Tingting 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe catering industry is a humungous service‐based industry, which includes food nutrition and security, transporting, tourism, and similar services. Employing the new techniques, such as machine learning and deep learning, competing firms can improve their strategies and deliver better services with lower price. In this work, we investigate a large number of historical dining data that reflect customer spending habits and taste preferences through terminal devices at the edge of the network, which can be used for customers to recommend dishes when ordering. With the popularity of cloud computing today, it is also prone to some shortcomings when the amount of computing is too large, such as poor real‐time performance, high server pressure, data security risks, and so on. Especially, the leakage of user privacy often has incalculable consequences. Based on this, this article proposes a hot pot dish recommendation algorithm based on data mining and food nutrition for edge devices, which can effectively protect user privacy. The experimental data in this article is derived from the massive consumption data of customers in China's large hot pot enterprises. First, clean the raw data and mask the user privacy to get feature data unrelated with user privacy that can be used for dish recommendation. On the basis of this, combined with data mining methods, diet, and other indicators, the results of final recommended dish can respond to both user preferences and nutrition arrange. The experimental results show that this dish‐recommended method is more reasonable and healthier.