bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early appearance of key transcription factors influence the spatiotemporal development of the human inner ear
Authors: Johnson Chacko Lejo , Sergi Consolato , Eberharter Theresa , Dudas Jozsef , Rask-Andersen Helge , Hoermann Romed , Fritsch Helga , Fischer Natalie , Glueckert Rudolf , Schrott-Fischer Anneliese 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExpression patterns of transcription factors leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1), SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2), and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) in the developing human fetal inner ear were studied between the gestation weeks 9 and 12. Further development of cochlear apex between gestational weeks 11 and 16 (GW11 and GW16) was examined using transmission electron microscopy. LGR5 was evident in the apical poles of the sensory epithelium of the cochlear duct and the vestibular end organs at GW11. Immunostaining was limited to hair cells of the organ of Corti by GW12. TAK1 was immune positive in inner hair cells of the organ of Corti by GW12 and colocalized with p75 neurotrophic receptor expression. Expression for SOX2 was confined primarily to the supporting cells of utricle at the earliest stage examined at GW9. Intense expression for GATA3 was presented in the cochlear sensory epithelium and spiral ganglia at GW9. Expression of GATA3 was present along the midline of both the utricle and saccule in the zone corresponding to the striolar reversal zone where the hair cell phenotype switches from type I to type II. The spatiotemporal gradient of the development of the organ of Corti was also evident with the apex of the cochlea forming by GW16. It seems that highly specific staining patterns of several transcriptions factors are critical in guiding the genesis of the inner ear over development. Our findings suggest that the spatiotemporal gradient in cochlear development extends at least until gestational week 16.
Österreichischer Blutdruckkonsens 2019
Authors:   Österreichische Gesellschaft für Hypertensiologie, Weber Thomas ,   Österreichische Atherosklerosegesellschaft,   Österreichische Diabetes Gesellschaft,   Österreichische Gesellschaft für Internistische Angiologie,   Österreichische Gesellschaft für Nephrologie,   Österreichische Kardiologische Gesellschaft,   Österreichische Gesellschaft für Neurologie,   Österreichische Schlaganfall-Gesellschaft,   Österr. Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin,   Österr. Gesellschaft für Geriatrie,   Österreichische Gesellschaft für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel,   Österreichische Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin,   Österreichische Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Arbeiter Klaus , Ardelt Florian , Auer Johann , Aufricht Christoph , Brandt Mathias C. , Dichtl Wolfgang , Ferrari Julia , Föger Bernhard , Henkel Martin , Hohenstein-Scheibenecker Katharina , Horn Sabine , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Kepplinger Erwin , Knoflach Michael , Koppelstätter Christian , Mache Christoph , Marschang Peter , Mayer Gert , Metzler Bernhard , Oberbauer Rainer , Obermair Florian , Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara , Perl Sabine , Pilz Stefan , Prischl Friedrich C. , Podczeck-Schweighofer Andrea , Rebhandl Erwin , Rohla Miklos , Roller-Wirnsberger Regina , Saely Christoph H. , Siostrzonek Peter , Slany Jörg , Stoschitzky Kurt , Waldegger Siegfried , Wenzel Rene R. , Weiss Thomas , Wirnsberger Gerhard , Winhofer-Stöckl Yvonne , Zweiker David , Zweiker Robert , Watschinger Bruno 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungErhöhter Blutdruck bleibt eine Hauptursache von kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Behinderung und frühzeitiger Sterblichkeit in Österreich, wobei die Raten an Diagnose, Behandlung und Kontrolle auch in rezenten Studien suboptimal sind. Das Management von Bluthochdruck ist eine häufige Herausforderung für Ärztinnen und Ärzte vieler Fachrichtungen. In einem Versuch, diagnostische und therapeutische Strategien zu standardisieren und letztendlich die Rate an gut kontrollierten Hypertoniker/innen zu erhöhen und dadurch kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen zu verhindern, haben 13 österreichische medizinische Fachgesellschaften die vorhandene Evidenz zur Prävention, Diagnose, Abklärung, Therapie und Konsequenzen erhöhten Blutdrucks gesichtet. Das hier vorgestellte Ergebnis ist der erste Österreichische Blutdruckkonsens. Die Autoren und die beteiligten Fachgesellschaften sind davon überzeugt, daß es einer gemeinsamen nationalen Anstrengung bedarf, die Blutdruck-assoziierte Morbidität und Mortalität in unserem Land zu verringern.
Subacute administration of both methcathinone and manganese causes basal ganglia damage in mice resembling that in methcathinone abusers
Authors: Asser Andres , Hikima Atsuko , Raki Mari , Bergström Kim , Rose Sarah , Juurmaa Julius , Krispin Villem , Muldmaa Mari , Lilles Stella , Rätsep Hanna , Jenner Peter , Kõks Sulev , Männistö Pekka T. , Taba Pille 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn irreversible extrapyramidal syndrome occurs in man after intravenous abuse of “homemade” methcathinone (ephedrone, Mcat) that is contaminated with manganese (Mn) and is accompanied by altered basal ganglia function. Both Mcat and Mn can cause alterations in nigrostriatal function but it remains unknown whether the effects of the ‘homemade’ drug seen in man are due to Mcat or to Mn or to a combination of both. To determine how toxicity occurs, we have investigated the effects of 4-week intraperitoneal administration of Mn (30 mg/kg t.i.d) and Mcat (100 mg/kg t.i.d.) given alone, on the nigrostriatal function in male C57BL6 mice. The effects were compared to those of the ‘homemade’ mixture which contained about 7 mg/kg of Mn and 100 mg/kg of Mcat. Motor function, nigral dopaminergic cell number and markers of pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic neuronal integrity including SPECT analysis were assessed. All three treatments had similar effects on motor behavior and neuronal markers. All decreased motor activity and induced tyrosine hydroxylase positive cell loss in the substantia nigra. All reduced 123I-epidepride binding to D2 receptors in the striatum. Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) binding was not altered by any drug treatment. However, Mcat treatment alone decreased levels of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and Mn alone reduced GAD immunoreactivity in the striatum. These data suggest that both Mcat and Mn alone could contribute to the neuronal damage caused by the ‘homemade’ mixture but that both produce additional changes that contribute to the extrapyramidal syndrome seen in man.
Validity of a low-cost Lichtenstein open inguinal hernia repair simulation model for surgical training
Authors: Nazari T. , Simons M. P. , Zeb M. H. , van Merriënboer J. J. G. , Lange J. F. , Wiggers T. , Farley D. R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Simulation training allows trainees to gain experience in a safe environment. Computer simulation and animal models to practice a Lichtenstein open inguinal hernia repair (LOIHR) are available; however, a low-cost model is not. We constructed an inexpensive model using fabric, felt, and yarn that simulates the anatomy and hazards of the LOIHR. This study examined the fidelity, and perceived usefulness of our developed simulation model by surgical residents and expert surgeons.

Methods
A total of 66 Dutch surgical residents and ten international expert surgeons were included. All participants viewed a video-demonstration of LOIHR on the simulation model and subsequently performed the surgery themselves on the model. Afterward, they assessed the model by rating 13 statements concerning its fidelity (six model, three equipment, and four psychological) and six usefulness statements on a five-point Likert scale. One-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare to the neutral value of 3.

Results
The fidelity was assessed as being high by residents [model 4.00 (3.00–4.00), equipment 4.00 (3.00–4.00), psychological 4.00 (3.00–4.00); all p’s < 0.001] and by expert surgeons [model 4.00 (3.00–4.00), p = 0.025; equipment 4.00 (3.00–5.00), p < 0.001; psychological 4.00 (3.00–4.00), p = 0.053]. The usefulness was rated high by residents and experts, especially the usefulness for training of residents [residents 4.00 (4.00–5.00), p < 0.001; experts 4.50 (3.75–5.00), p = 0.015].

Conclusion
Our developed Lichtenstein open inguinal hernia repair simulation model was assessed by surgical residents and expert surgeons as a model with high fidelity and high potential usefulness, especially for the training of surgical residents.
Lesion size is associated with genetic polymorphisms in TLR1, TLR6, and TIRAP genes in patients with major abscesses and diabetic foot infections
Authors: D’Onofrio Valentino , Monnier Annelie A. , Kremer Cécile , Stappers Mark H. T. , Netea Mihai G. , Gyssens Inge C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGenetic variation in Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has previously been associated with susceptibility to complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSIs). The aim of this study was to investigate associations between the severity of cSSSIs, i.e., major abscesses and diabetic foot infections (DFIs), and a set of genetic polymorphisms in the Toll-like receptor pathway. A total of 121 patients with major abscesses and 132 with DFIs participating in a randomized clinical trial were genotyped for 13 nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes coding for TLRs and the signaling adaptor molecule TIRAP. Infection severity was defined by lesion size at clinical presentation for both types of infections. The PEDIS infection score was also used to define severity of DFIs. Linear regression models were used to study factors independently associated with severity. In patients with large abscesses, hetero- or homozygosity for the allelic variant TLR6 (P249S) was associated with significantly smaller lesions while homozygosity for the allelic variant TLR1 (R80T) was associated with significantly larger lesions. PRRs genes were not significantly associated with PEDIS. However, patients with DFI hetero- or homozygous for the allelic variant TLR1 (S248N) had significantly larger lesions. Polymorphisms in TLR1 and TLR6 influence the severity of cSSSIs as assessed by the lesion size of major abscesses and DFIs. ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT 00402727
Herbivory modulates soil CO2 fluxes after windthrow: a case study in temperate mountain forests
Authors: Mayer Mathias , Keßler David , Katzensteiner Klaus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUngulate herbivory can alter functional plant communities of early-successional forest ecosystems. The consequences of such vegetation changes on soil carbon cycling are still not fully understood. Here, we used an ungulate exclusion experiment to investigate how different levels of herbivory and associated changes in vegetation succession modulate soil CO2 efflux and its heterotrophic and autotrophic sources following windthrow in temperate mountain forests. Our results indicate that only high levels of ungulate herbivory and associated vegetation shifts from tree to rather grass dominated plant communities affect soil CO2 fluxes. We did not find evidence that a moderate herbivory level and accompanied smaller shifts in the functional plant community affect soil CO2 fluxes. A greater soil CO2 efflux under the influence of high herbivory pressure was primarily attributed to accelerated heterotrophic respiration, likely due to warmer soil conditions. Moreover, autotrophic respiration from grass roots and associated microbial communities is suggested to contribute to higher soil CO2 fluxes. We conclude that intense herbivory and accompanied successional changes in the functional plant community enhance soil carbon losses following forest windthrow. This might have negative consequences for the soil carbon stocks and for the climate system.
Assessing Changes in Airflow and Energy Loss in a Progressive Tracheal Compression Before and After Surgical Correction
Authors: Xiao Qiwei , Cetto Raul , Doorly Denis J. , Bates Alister J. , Rose Jan N. , McIntyre Charlotte , Comerford Andrew , Madani Gitta , Tolley Neil S. , Schroter Robert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe energy needed to drive airflow through the trachea normally constitutes a minor component of the work of breathing. However, with progressive tracheal compression, patient subjective symptoms can include severe breathing difficulties. Many patients suffer multiple respiratory co-morbidities and so it is important to assess compression effects when evaluating the need for surgery. This work describes the use of computational prediction to determine airflow resistance in compressed tracheal geometries reconstructed from a series of CT scans. Using energy flux analysis, the regions that contribute the most to airway resistance during inhalation are identified. The principal such region is where flow emerging from the zone of maximum constriction undergoes breakup and turbulent mixing. Secondary regions are also found below the tongue base and around the glottis, with overall airway resistance scaling nearly quadratically with flow rate. Since the anatomical extent of the imaged airway varied between scans—as commonly occurs with clinical data and when assessing reported differences between research studies—the effect of sub-glottic inflow truncation is considered. Analysis shows truncation alters the location of jet breakup and weakly influences the pattern of pressure recovery. Tests also show that placing a simple artificial glottis in the inflow to a truncated model can replicate patterns of energy loss in more extensive models, suggesting a means to assess sensitivity to domain truncation in tracheal airflow simulations.
On the modelling and performance measurement of service networks with heterogeneous customers
Authors: Palmer Ryan , Utley Martin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractService networks are common throughout the modern world, yet understanding how their individual services effect each other and contribute to overall system performance can be difficult. An important metric in these systems is the quality of service. This is an often overlooked measure when modelling and relates to how customers are affected by a service. Presented is a novel perspective for evaluating the performance of multi-class queueing networks through a combination of operational performance and service quality—denoted the “flow of outcomes”. Here, quality is quantified by customers moving between or remaining in classes as a result of receiving service or lacking service. Importantly, each class may have different flow parameters, hence the positive/negative impact of service quality on the system’s operational performance is captured. A fluid–diffusion approximation for networks of stochastic queues is used since it allows for several complex flow dynamics: the sequential use of multiple services; abandonment and possible rejoin; reuse of the same service; multiple customers classes; and, class and time dependent parameters. The scalability of the approach is a significant benefit since, the modelled systems may be relatively large, and the included flow dynamics may render the system analytically intractable or computationally burdensome. Under the right conditions, this method provides a framework for quickly modelling large time-dependent systems. This combination of computational speed and the “flow of outcomes” provides new avenues for the analysis of multi-class service networks where both service quality and operational efficiency interact.
Bacillus atrophaeus HAB-5 secretion metabolites preventing occurrence of systemic diseases in tobacco plant
Authors: Rajaofera Mamy Jayne Nelly , Wang Yi , Jatoi Zaheer Amed , Jin Pengfei , Cui Hongguang , Lin Chunhua , Miao Weiguo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFinding synthetic pesticide alternatives for health and a healthy environment has become a crucial issue for scientific research. A number of studies have reported efficacy of Bacillus species on promoting plant development, as well as protecting plants against pathogen invasion, especially pathogenic fungi and bacteria. However, little was known about Bacillus species in controlling viral diseases. In this study, Bacillus atrophaeus strain HAB-5, isolated from cotton field, Xinjiang, China efficiently promoted the growth of tobacco plants. According to the results, the treatment with the strain HAB-5 increased the expression of NtEXP1 and NtEXP2. Then the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)/ Nicotiana tobacco system was employed to evaluate virus resistance induced by strain HAB-5. Tobacco leaves were treated with antimicrobial metabolites of strain HAB-5 (1 mg/mL), and 12 h later the treated leaves were challenged with TMV via rub-inoculation. The results showed that disease symptoms were obviously compromised by tobacco leaves treated with strain HAB-5, and the viral accumulation level was reduced extensively. Moreover, it was found that the signaling regulatory gene (NPR1), defense genes (PR-1a, PR-1b, Chia5), and hypertensive response related genes (Hsr203J, Hin1) were up-regulated in plants treated with the metabolites. Altogether, these accumulated results strongly support strain HAB-5 to be a biological controlling agent against TMV.
Development and Validation of the Guilt and Shame Questionnaire for Adolescents of Parents with a Mental Illness (GSQ-APMI)
Authors: Bosch Annick , van de Ven Monique , van Doesum Karin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objectives
Children of parents with a mental illness (COPMI) often experience negative feelings, such as guilt and shame. These feelings may put them at risk of developing internalizing or externalizing problems. In the Netherlands, preventive peer support groups exist which aim at preventing experiencing negative feelings such as guilt and shame. However, current questionnaires which assess feelings of guilt and shame have limitations and therefore cannot be used to measure these feelings in adolescent COPMI. Moreover, it cannot be measured if these peer support groups succeed in preventing experiencing negative feelings, such as guilt and shame. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the ‘Guilt and Shame Questionnaire—for Adolescents of Parents with a Mental Illness (GSQ-APMI)’, which is specifically designed for adolescent COPMI aged 12–21 years.

Methods
The study consisted of three phases: phase 1, ‘Operationalization and Item Development’; phase 2, ‘Pilot Testing’; and phase 3, ‘Psychometric Properties’. Phase 2 included 79 adolescent COPMI; phase 3 included 47 adolescent COPMI.

Results
Results revealed that the GSQ-APMI is a reliable and valid questionnaire to measure feelings of guilt and shame in adolescent COPMI.

Conclusions
The GSQ-APMI is a short (10 items) and feasible instrument, ready to use in both research and clinical practice to establish feelings of guilt and shame in adolescent COPMI. The questionnaire results in two scale scores: one scale score reflecting feelings of guilt and one scale score reflecting feelings of shame.
Improved Source/Absorber Preparation for Radionuclide Spectrometry Based on Low-Temperature Calorimetric Detectors
Authors: Bockhorn L. , Paulsen M. , Beyer J. , Kossert K. , Loidl M. , Nähle O. J. , Ranitzsch P. C.-O. , Rodrigues M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHigh-resolution beta spectrometry based on low-temperature calorimetric detectors requires high-quality source/absorber combinations in order to avoid spectrum artifacts and to achieve optimal detection efficiency. In this work, preparation techniques and quality control methods to fabricate reliable source/absorber assemblies with the radionuclide under investigation embedded into them are discussed.
Affectivity and the distinction between minimal and narrative self
Authors: Bortolan Anna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the contemporary phenomenological literature it has been argued that it is possible to distinguish between two forms of selfhood: the “minimal” and “narrative” self. This paper discusses a claim which is central to this account, namely that the minimal and narrative self complement each other but are fundamentally distinct dimensions. In particular, I challenge the idea that while the presence of a minimal self is a condition of possibility for the emergence of a narrative self, the dynamics which characterise narrative selfhood do not have a structuring effect on minimal self-experience. I do so by drawing on both classical and contemporary phenomenological literature to show that at least certain forms of affective experience are complex phenomena in which minimal and narrative forms of selfhood are deeply entwined. More specifically, I claim that, due to their evaluative character, intentional and non-intentional affective states convey a pre-reflective experience of constitutive aspects of the narrative self. This enables me to argue that minimal and narrative selfhood are phenomenologically inextricable.
Toward the synthesis of thiadiazole-based therapeutic agents: synthesis, spectroscopic study, X-ray analysis, and cross-coupling reactions of the key intermediate 3,5-diiodo-1,2,4-thiadiazole
Authors: Boulhaoua Mohammed , Torvisco Ana , Pasinszki Tibor 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe 1,2,4-thiadiazole moiety is an important component of several biologically active compounds, and varying substituents on this aromatic ring is one of the possible methods to develop novel thiadiazole-based drugs for medicine. A key building block to this end, namely 3,5-diiodo-1,2,4-thiadiazole (1), has been synthesized and characterized in this work for the first time. 1 has exhibited high selectivity for the replacement of iodine atom at position C5 (carbon next to sulfur) in Sonogashira-type cross-coupling reactions with phenylacetylene. Therefore, 3-iodo-5-(phenylethynyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole (4) or 3,5-bis(phenylethynyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole (5) could be synthesized selectively depending on reaction conditions. All three novel molecules have been characterized by NMR, IR, Raman, mass, and UV spectroscopies, and their solid phase structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 is expected to be a key starting material for producing thiadiazole-based therapeutic agents using cross-coupling reactions.
On the Origin of Frictional Energy Dissipation
Authors: Hu Renfeng , Krylov Sergey Yu. , Frenken Joost W. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe origin of the friction between sliding bodies establishes an outstanding scientific problem. In this article, we demonstrate that the energy loss in each microscopic slip event between the bodies readily follows from the dephasing of phonons that are generated in the slip process. The dephasing mechanism directly links the typical timescales of the lattice vibrations with those of the experienced energy ‘dissipation’ and manifests itself as if the slip-induced motion were close to critically damped.Graphical abstract
Comparison of Environmental Impacts of Deep-sea Tailings Placement Versus On-land Disposal
Authors: Kwong Y. T. John , Apte Simon C. , Asmund Gert , Haywood Michael D. E. , Morello Elisabetta B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith increasing metal prices and declining ore grades, new mines are getting larger and mine waste disposal and management have become more difficult, particularly from an environmental perspective. While technologies keep on improving, the available space for terrestrial mine waste disposal is limited. Thus, several coastal countries still consider deep-sea tailings placement (DSTP) as a viable option. This brief review compares the environmental impacts of DSTP versus on-land disposal and suggests several factors to consider in selecting the most suitable options for mine waste disposal.