bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of aflatoxin M1 and deoxynivalenol biomarkers in infants and children urines from Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Nurshad , Manirujjaman M. , Rana Sohel , Degen Gisela H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe mycotoxins aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are found worldwide in crops and dietary staples. The prevalence and levels of these contaminants can vary greatly, and data in Bangladeshi food commodities are scarce. To characterize human exposure, we have conducted biomonitoring, analyzing AFM1 (a metabolite of AFB1) and DON levels in urines of adult cohorts in Bangladesh. Yet, AFM1 and DON occurrence has not been studied in the very young population of this country. Thus, the same methods, HPLC-FD for AFM1 and LC–MS/MS for DON analysis, were now applied to determine these biomarkers in urines of infants (n = 49) and young children (n = 105) in Rajshahi and Dhaka district. Overall, AFM1 and DON detection frequency was 43.5% and 33.4%, with 34.7% and 11.5% in infant and 47.6% and 39.4% in children urines, respectively. The mean AFM1 levels in all infants (9.1 ± 14.3, max 55.6 pg/mL) and children (8.8 ± 12.9, max 75.3 pg/mL) were not significantly different. The AFM1 mean level was slightly higher in Dhaka (9.4 ± 12.4) compared to Rajshahi (8.5 ± 13.9 pg/mL) district. The average DON level was about 2-fold higher in infant (3.8 ± 2.9, max 6.8 ng/mL) than children urines (1.6 ± 1.8, max 8.6 ng/mL), and higher in Rajshahi (2.1 ± 2.3 ng/mL) than Dhaka (1.4 ± 1.6 ng/mL) district. The biomarker-based estimated average daily DON intake (29.6 ± 108.3 ng/kg bw in infants and 36.4 ± 81.8 ng/kg bw in children) or the maximum exposure (560 ng/kg bw) do not exceed the current maximum provisional tolerable daily intake value of 1 µg/kg bw for DON, although DON exposure in infants and children is higher than that of Bangladeshi adults. The AFM1 urine levels in young children are somewhat lower than those found previously in adult cohorts in Bangladesh, but the frequent detection of this biomarker for AFB1 exposure raises further concerns, also for this vulnerable part of the population. Therefore, continuous surveillance for aflatoxins in Bangladeshi food commodities is clearly required, first to identify major sources of intake and then to reduce exposure.
Polynomial Treedepth Bounds in Linear Colorings
Authors: Kun Jeremy , O’Brien Michael P. , Pilipczuk Marcin , Sullivan Blair D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLow-treedepth colorings are an important tool for algorithms that exploit structure in classes of bounded expansion; they guarantee subgraphs that use few colors have bounded treedepth. These colorings have an implicit tradeoff between the total number of colors used and the treedepth bound, and prior empirical work suggests that the former dominates the run time of existing algorithms in practice. We introduce p-linear colorings as an alternative to the commonly used p-centered colorings. They can be efficiently computed in bounded expansion classes and use at most as many colors as p-centered colorings. Although a set of $$k<p$$

k
<
p

colors from a p-centered coloring induces a subgraph of treedepth at most k, the same number of colors from a p-linear coloring may induce subgraphs of larger treedepth. We establish a polynomial upper bound on the treedepth in general graphs, and give tighter bounds in trees and interval graphs via constructive coloring algorithms. We also give a co-NP-completeness reduction for recognizing p-linear colorings and discuss ways to overcome this limitation in practice.
Prematurity, perinatal inflammatory stress, and the predisposition to develop chronic kidney disease beyond oligonephropathy
Authors: Hoogenboom Lieke A. , Wolfs Tim G. A. M. , Hütten Matthias C. , Peutz-Kootstra Carine J. , Schreuder Michiel F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrematurity and perinatal stress, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and chorioamnionitis, are pathological processes creating an impaired intrauterine environment. These intrauterine factors are associated with the development of proteinuria, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) later in life. Initially, this was thought to be secondary to oligonephropathy, subsequent glomerular hypertrophy, and hyperfiltration, leading to glomerulosclerosis, a further decrease in nephron number, and finally CKD. Nowadays, there is increasing evidence that prematurity and perinatal stress affect not only nephron endowment but also the maturation of podocytes and vasculogenesis. IUGR is associated with podocyte damage and an aggravated course of nephrotic syndrome. Moreover, preterm birth and IUGR are known to cause upregulation of the postnatal renin-angiotensin system, resulting in hypertension. Chorioamnionitis causes damage to the glomeruli, thereby predisposing to the development of glomerulosclerosis. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the influence of prematurity, IUGR, and chorioamnionitis on the development of different glomerular structures. After summarizing human and experimental data on low nephron number in general, a specific focus on the current understanding of podocyte and glomerular capillary formation in relation to prematurity and different causes of perinatal stress is presented.
Body image distress in head and neck cancer patients: what are we looking at?
Authors: Melissant H. C. , Jansen F. , Eerenstein S. E. , Cuijpers P. , Laan E. , Lissenberg-Witte B. I. , Schuit A. S. , Sherman K. A. , Leemans C. R. , Verdonck-de Leeuw I. M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of body image distress among head and neck cancer (HNC) patients after treatment and to examine its association with sociodemographic and clinical factors, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), HNC symptoms, sexuality, self-compassion, and psychological distress. Second, we aim to explore daily life experiences of HNC patients regarding body image.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey among HNC patients investigated the prevalence of body image distress based on the Body Image Scale. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to study associations with sociodemographic and clinical factors, HRQOL (EORTC QLQ-C30), HNC symptoms (QLQ-HN43), sexuality (FSFI-6; IIEF-5), self-compassion (SCS-SF), and psychological distress (HADS). Qualitative data from a body image writing intervention was used to explore experiences in daily life related to body image.

Results
Body image distress was prevalent in 13–20% (depending on cut-off scores) of 233 HNC patients. Symptoms of depression (p < 0.001), younger age (p < 0.001), problems with social contact (p = 0.001), problems with wound healing (p = 0.013), and larger extent of surgery (p = 0.014) were associated with having body image distress. This model explained 67% of variance. Writing interventions of 40 HNC patients showed that negative body image experiences were related to appearance and function, with social functioning problems described most often.

Conclusion
Prevalence of body image distress in HNC patients, using different cut-off scores, is 13–20%. Younger patients, patients after extensive surgery, and patients who had wound healing problems are most at risk. There is a significant association between body image distress and depressive symptoms and social functioning.
Inferences and Metainferences in ST
Authors: Cobreros Pablo , Egré Paul , Ripley David , van Rooij Robert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn a recent paper, Barrio, Tajer and Rosenblatt establish a correspondence between metainferences holding in the strict-tolerant logic of transparent truth ST+ and inferences holding in the logic of paradox LP+. They argue that LP+ is ST+’s external logic and they question whether ST+’s solution to the semantic paradoxes is fundamentally different from LP+’s. Here we establish that by parity of reasoning, ST+ can be related to LP+’s dual logic K+. We clarify the distinction between internal and external logic and argue that while ST+’s nonclassicality can be granted, its self-dual character does not tie it to LP+ more closely than to K+.
Time-of-flight telemeter based on a ring-laser
Authors: Aromataris G. , Lombardi L. , Scirè A. , Annovazzi-Lodi V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe propose a new telemeter scheme for absolute distance measurements, based on a semiconductor ring laser, working in the bistability regime. The optical feedback provided by two external reflectors (a fixed one at short distance, and a moveable one defining the measuring arm) generates commutations of the propagation direction (clockwise, counter-clockwise) inside the ring laser, the period of which is linearly related to the distance of the measure arm reflector. A convenient electrical output signal can be easily obtained by a photodiode located behind the (partially reflecting) fixed mirror. This telemeter, which combines time-of-flight and optical injection, is very simple to implement, since, in addition to the laser, it only requires mirrors and collimation or focusing optics. Also electronic driving and processing are straightforward. Differently from most time-of-flight telemeters, this scheme does not require special provisions or processing to tackle the ambiguity problem. Simulations are performed by mathematical models based on rate-equations. This telemeter has been evaluated in the range 10 cm–32 m of round trip distance, with a fixed arm of 10 μm–10 cm, assuming typical literature parameters for a 1 mW ring laser.
Robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) and standardization of outcome reporting: a prospective, observational study on reaching the “Trifecta and Pentafecta”
Authors: Sri D , Thakkar R. , Patel H R H , Lazarus J. , Berger F. , McArthur R. , Lavigueur-Blouin H. , Afshar M. , Fraser-Taylor C. , Le Roux P. , Liban J. , Anderson C. J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPartial nephrectomy (PN) for small renal masses is common, but outcomes are not reported in a standard manner. Traditionally, parameters such as 90-day mortality, blood loss, transfusion rates, length of stay, nephrometry scoring and complications are published but their collective impact on warm ischemia time (WIT) and post-surgery GFR is rarely determined. Thus, our aim was to assess if “Trifecta” and “Pentafecta” outcomes could be used as useful surgical outcome markers. A prospective database of 252 Robotic-Assisted PN (RAPN) cases (2008–2019) was analysed. “Pentafecta” was defined as achievement of “Trifecta” (negative surgical margin, no postoperative complications and WIT of < 25 min) plus over 90% estimated GFR preservation and no CKD stage upgrading at 1 year. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to predict factors which may prevent achieving a Trifecta/Pentafecta. Median tumour size was 3 cm and mean WIT was 15 min. Positive surgical margins (PSM) occurred in 2 cases. Overall, the intra-operative complication rate was 7%. One recurrence conferred 5-year cancer-free survival of 97%. Trifecta outcome was achieved in 169 (67%) and Pentafecta in 141 (56%) of cases. At logistic regression analysis, intraoperative blood loss was the only factor to affect Trifecta achievement (p = 0.018). Advanced patient age negatively impacted Pentafecta achievement (p = 0.010). The Trifecta and Pentafecta outcomes are easily applicable to PN data, and offer an internationally comparable PN outcome, quality measure. We recommend applying this standardization to national data collection to improve the quality of reporting and ease of interpretation of surgeon/centres’ outcomes.
Etiology, baseline clinical profile and comorbidities of patients with Cushing’s syndrome at a single endocrinological center
Authors: Stachowska Barbara , Kuliczkowska-Płaksej Justyna , Kałużny Marcin , Grzegrzółka Jędrzej , Jończyk Maja , Bolanowski Marek 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare phenotype of patients with pituitary, adrenal and ectopic CS and identify the differences regarding biochemical parameters, clinical presentations, and comorbidities in CS patients who were diagnosed at the single endocrinological center in Wroclaw.

Methods
The study population involved 64 patients with CS (53 women and 11 men) diagnosed in Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy in 2000–2018. Patients were divided into three etiologic groups: pituitary dependent-CS (P-CS) (64%), adrenal dependent CS (A-CS) (25%), and CS from an ectopic source (E-CS) (11%).

Results
Percentage of men in the A-CS group was significantly higher than in the other etiologic groups. ACTH, UFC, and cortisol in DST were significantly higher in E-CS group compare to P-CS and A-CS (p < 0.05). Mean potassium level in E-CS group was significantly lower than in P-CS and A-CS (p < 0.05). Median of time elapsed to diagnosis was significantly lower in the E-CS group compared with either the P-CS and the A-CS group (p < 0.01). The most frequently symptoms in CS patients were skin alterations (82.8%), weight gain (81.2%), and hypertension (81.2%).

Conclusions
The epidemiology of CS is changing toward a growing proportion of A-CS. All patients with E-CS presented a profound hypokalemia. Salient hypokalemia could be a biochemical marker more suggestive for E-CS rather than P-CS. The incidence of diabetes is more frequent in E-CS group than in P-CS and A-CS groups.
The Role of Social Capital in Labour-Related Migrations: the Polish Example
Authors: Łukaszewska-Bezulska Justyna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article addresses the relationships between international labour-related migrations and social capital in two ethnically heterogeneous local communities, outstanding by their inhabitants’ high degree of spatial mobility. On the basis of the observations performed and in-depth interviews with migrants and experts, social networks built by the inhabitants were analysed, with particular attention paid to migration networks, and the meaning and role of social capital in the inhabitants of cultural borderlands’ migrations, especially in the areas of migrants’ lives such as job seeking, living together and dealing with difficulties, were discussed. It has been demonstrated that the international labour-related migrations influence the quality and type of social capital present in the ethnically heterogeneous local communities at cultural borderlands, although the direction and force of this impact are not equivocal and depend most of all on the strength and quality of primary ties in the migrants’ community of origin, i.e. if the community was rich in the social capital resources, migrations may contribute to its growth, while for communities deficient in this resource, migrations may cause its continued diminishing.
The use of sodium chloride as strategy for improving CO2/CH4 replacement in natural gas hydrates promoted with depressurization methods
Authors: Gambelli Alberto Maria , Rossi Federico 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNatural gas hydrates represent a valid opportunity in terms of energy supplying, carbon dioxide permanent storage and climate change contrast. Research is more and more involved in performing CO2 replacement competitive strategies. In this context, the inhibitor effect of sodium chloride on hydrate formation and stability needs to be investigated in depth. The present work analyses how NaCl intervenes on CO2 hydrate formation, comparing results with the same typology of tests carried out with methane, in order to highlight the influence that salt produced on hydrate equilibrium conditions and possibilities which arise from here for improving the replacement process efficiency. Sodium chloride influence was then tested on five CO2/CH4 replacement tests, carried out via depressurization. In relation with the same typology of tests, realised in pure demineralised water and available elsewhere in literature, three main differences were found. Before the replacement phase, CH4 hydrate formation was particularly contained; moles of methane involved were in the range 0.059–0.103 mol. On the contrary, carbon dioxide moles entrapped into water cages were 0.085–0.206 mol or a significantly higher quantity. That may be justified by the greater presence of space and free water due to the lower CH4 hydrate formation, which led to a more massive new hydrate structure formation. Moreover, only a small part of methane moles remained entrapped into hydrates after the replacement phase (in the range of 0.023–0.042 mol), proving that, in presence of sodium chloride, CO2/CH4 exchange interested the greater part of hydrates. Thus, the possibility to conclude that sodium chloride presence during the CO2 replacement process provided positive and encouraging results in terms of methane recovery, carbon dioxide permanent storage and, consequently, replacement process efficiency.
Resource allocation in transboundary tuna fisheries: A global analysis
Authors: Seto Katherine , Galland Grantly R. , McDonald Alice , Abolhassani Angela , Azmi Kamal , Sinan Hussain , Timmiss Trent , Bailey Megan , Hanich Quentin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResource allocation is a fundamental and challenging component of common pool resource governance, particularly transboundary fisheries. We highlight the growing importance of allocation in fisheries governance, comparing approaches of the five tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (tRFMOs). We find all tRFMOs except one have defined resources for allocation and outlined principles to guide allocation based on equity, citizenship, and legitimacy. However, all fall short of applying these principles in assigning fish resources. Most tRFMOs rely on historical catch or effort, while equity principles rarely determine dedicated rights. Further, the current system of annual negotiations reduces certainty, trust, and transparency, counteracting many benefits asserted by rights-based management proponents. We suggest one means of gaining traction may be to shift conversations from allocative rights toward weighting of principles already identified by most tRFMOs. Incorporating principles into resource allocation remains a major opportunity, with important implications for current and future access to fish.
Social-Epistemic Rhetoric of (Un)certainty in Biomedical and Psychiatric Scientific Academic Writing: a Diatextual Analysis
Authors: Manuti Amelia , Mininni Giuseppe , Scardigno Rosa , Grattagliano Ignazio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn line with the general aims of scientific textuality, research papers in the biomedical and psychiatric academic domains mostly attempt to demonstrate the validity of their assumptions and to contrast with the sense of uncertainty that sometimes frames their conclusions. Moving from this premise, the present paper aimed to focus on these features and to investigate if and the extent to which biomedical and psychiatric texts convey different social-epistemic rhetoric of uncertainty. In view of this, a qualitative study was conducted adopting diatextual analysis to investigate a corpus of 298 scientific articles taken from theBritish Medical Journaland from theBritish Journal of Psychiatrypublished in 2013. Our analytical approach led to identifying two different types of social-epistemic rhetoric. The first one was mostly oriented to “describing” the world, accounting for the body-mind nexus as conceptualized within the “medical” point of view. On the other hand, the second one was oriented to “interpreting” the world, debating the problematic and critical features of the body-mind relationship as developed within the psychiatry discursive realm.
Refinement Procedures for Clitorolabiaplasty in Male-to-Female Gender-Affirmation Surgery: More than an Aesthetic Procedure
Authors: Raigosa Mauricio , Avvedimento Stefano , Descarrega Jordi , Yuste Marta , Cruz-Gimeno Juan , Fontdevila Joan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Among the various steps of a penile inversion feminizing genitoplasty, reconstruction of the clitoris and labia minora remains the most challenging procedure.

Aim
This study aims to evaluate surgical outcomes of neoclitoroplasty performed before and after the introduction of the labia minora’s creation in our surgical technique.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was carried out comparing 2 groups of patients that underwent penile inversion feminizing surgery: group A (64 patients) who had labia minora and clitoral hood creation and group B (103 patients) who did not.

Outcomes
To describe the surgical technique and outcomes of clitorolabiaplasty in male-to-female gender-affirmation surgery.

Results
Concerning overall complication rates, there were significant differences in the incidence of hemorrhage and urethral stenosis (P &lt; .01). Hemorrhage surrounding the urethra and labia was identified in 40 patients (group A: n = 8 [12.5%]; group B: n = 32 [31%]) (P = .006). Neomeatal stenosis occurred in 17 patients (group A: n = 1 [1.5%]; group B: n = 16 [15.5%]) (P = .003). Partial necrosis of the clitoris occurred in 2 cases (group A: n = 0; group B: n = 2 [1.9%]) (P = .52). Necrosis of the labia majora occurred in 3 cases (group A: n = 0; group B: n = 3 [2.9%]) (P = .28). 5 patients (group A: n = 2 (3.1%); group B: n = 3 [2.9%]) (P = .93) developed rectovaginal fistula. 6 patients experienced neovaginal canal stricture (group A: n = 3 [4.6%]; group B: n = 3 [2.9%]) (P = .54). 2 patients (group A: n = 0; group B: n = 2 [1.9%]) (P = .52) reported introital stenosis; Persistent granulation tissue inside the neovagina that required in-office treatments occurred in 4 cases (group A: n = 2 [3.1%]; group B: n = 2 [1.9%]) (P = .62). Wound dehiscence occurred in 23 patients (group A: n = 13 [20.3%]; group B: n = 10 [9.7%]) (P = .05). 24 patients (group A: n = 3 [4.6%]; group B: n = 21 [20.3%]) (P = .004) underwent 28 different types of aesthetic refinements.

Clinical Implications
Incorporating the creation of labia minora and clitoral hood in one step is a safe and viable option in patients undergoing male-to-female gender-affirmation surgery.

Strengths & Limitations
Strength of the study is the large cohort of patients included and the consistent surgical technique. To our knowledge, this is the first study that compares with a control group, the introduction of labia minora creation in male-to-female gender-affirmation surgery. Limitations include the retrospective nature of the study and the absence of patient-reported outcomes measures.

Conclusion
Technical refinements of our technique led to a significative reduction in urethral stenosis and postoperative hemorrhage without an increased risk of major complications.
Confronting Rebellion in Weak States: Government Response to Military Mutiny in Benin
Authors: Codjo Juste 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMilitary mutinies are a serious threat to peace in Africa, as they may be a catalyst for large-scale civil violence. Unlike most studies that solely focus on the causes of military revolts, this article explores both cause and government response by examining a 1992 military sedition in Benin. Relying on interviews and government archives, Codjo uncovers the sources of the revolt and compares two consecutive administrations in their management of the crisis. The main takeaway is that presidential leadership style and antecedents of elite consensus on governance rules are sometimes critical in rallying support for a lasting solution to mutinies.