bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetrically twisted phenanthrimidazole derivatives as host materials for blue fluorescent, green and red phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Jayabharathi Jayaraman , Panimozhi Sekar , Thanikachalam Venugopal 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe electroluminescent properties of asymmetrically twisted phenanthrimidazole derivatives comprised of fluorescent anthracene or pyrene unit namely, 1-(1-(anthracen-10-yl)naphthalen-4-yl)-2-styryl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole (ANSPI), 1-(1-(pyren-1-yl) naphthalene-4-yl)-2-styryl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole (PNSPI), 4-(2-(4-(anthracen-9-yl) styryl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-1-yl)naphthalene-1-carbonitrile (ASPINC) and 4-(2-(4-(pyren-1-yl)styryl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-1-yl)naphthalene-1-carbonitrile (PSPINC) for blue OLEDs have been analyzed. The asymmetrically twisted conformation interrupt π-conjugation effectively results in deep-blue emission. The pyrene containing PSPINC based non-doped blue device (476 nm) shows maximium efficiencies (current efficiency (ηc)-4.23 cd/A; power efficiency (ηp)-2.86 lm/W; external quantum efficiency (ηex)-3.48%: CIE (0.16, 0.17) at 3.10 V. Among the doped blue devices, An(PPI)2:ASPINC shows high efficiencies (ηc-12.13 cd/A; ηp-5.98 lm/W; ηex-6.79%; L-23986 cd m−2; EL-458 nm) at 3.15 V with CIE (0.15, 0.17) than An(PPI)2:PSPINC based device which is inconsistent with non-doped device performances. The green and red PhOLEDs show higher efficiencies with Ir(ppy)3: ASPINC (ηc-50.6 cd/A; ηp-53.4 lm/W; ηex-17.0%; L-61581 cd m−2; EL-501 nm, CIE (0.31, 0.60) at 3.32 V and (bt)2Ir(dipba): ASPINC (ηc-15.2 cd/A; ηp-16.5 lm/W; ηex-14.5%; L-13456 cd m−2; EL-610 nm), CIE (0.63, 0.36) at 3.20 V, respectively. The complete energy transfer between the host and dopant molecules improved the efficiency of PHOLEDs.
Sr/PTA Metal Organic Framework as A Drug Delivery System for Osteoarthritis Treatment
Authors: Li Zhen , Peng Ying , Xia Xingyu , Cao Zhe , Deng Yuqing , Tang Bin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA Sr-based metal-organic framework (MOF) is introduced as ketoprofen carrier to form a comprehensive system for treating osteoarthritis (OA), and the drug loading amount and release rate is investigated. Structural characterization of the samples showed that Sr/PTA-MOF had good crystal morphology and structure, and chemical and thermal stability. Ketoprofen was successfully loaded on the MOF carrier, which had been identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The release experiment manifested that more than 90% of ketoprofen released from Sr/PTA-MOF after 24 h, and ketoprofen delivery was mainly governed by the Higuchi model. Furthermore, cytotoxicity experiment manifested that synthesized MOF carrier had no poisonous effect on OA chondrocytes, which provided a preliminary foundation for the realization of comprehensive treating OA.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Imaging to monitor Anti-VEGF treatment of Corneal Vascularization in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Devarajan Kavya , Ong Hon Shing , Lwin Nyein C. , Chua Jacqueline , Schmetterer Leopold , Mehta Jodhbir S. , Ang Marcus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a well-established non-invasive retinal vascular imaging technique. It has been recently adapted to image the anterior segment and has shown good potential to image corneal vascularisation. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the usefulness of OCTA to monitor regression of corneal vessels following anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) treatment using a previously established corneal vascularisation rabbit model. The regression of vessels following the treatment with aflibercept and ranibizumab anti-VEGFs using both topical instillation and sub-conjunctival injection was quantified using OCTA and compared with ICGA (indocyanine green angiography). Overall vessel density measurements using OCTA showed good correlation (r = 0.988, p < 0.001) with ICGA, with no significant difference between the two treatment groups (p = 0.795). It was also shown that OCTA provided good repeatability outcomes of the quantitative measurements. Using Bland-Altman plots, vessel growth density values between anti-VEGF treatments were compared to control saline group. It was observed that aflibercept provided longer lasting effect than ranibizumab. We also observed that in both drugs, the topical route of administration topical provided longer regression outcomes compared to one-time sub-conjunctival injection. Thereby, with this pilot study, it was demonstrated that OCTA is a reliable imaging technique to follow-up and monitor corneal vascularisation and its treatment quantitatively.
Anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody treatment ameliorates postoperative adhesion formation
Authors: Uyama Naoki , Tsutsui Hiroko , Wu Songtao , Yasuda Koubun , Hatano Etsuro , Qin Xian-Yang , Kojima Soichi , Fujimoto Jiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPostoperative adhesion formation often ruins the quality of life or is an obstacle to illnesses with curative operation such as cancer. Previously we demonstrated that interferon-γ-promoted fibrin deposition drove postoperative adhesion formation. However, its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We found that myofibroblasts of the adhesion predominantly expressed signature molecules of mesothelial cells that line the serosa. Microarray analysis revealed IL-6 as a key underlying player, supported by elevated IL-6 levels in the peritoneal fluid of post-laparotomy human subjects. Injured serosa of cecum-cauterized mice also exhibited induction of Il6, which was followed by Tnf, concomitant with rapid accumulation of neutrophils, substantial population of which expressed TGF-β1, a master regulator of fibrosis. Besides, neutrophil-ablated mice showed reduction in induction of the adhesion, suggesting that TGF-β1+neutrophils triggered the adhesion. Human neutrophils expressed TGFB1 in response to TNF-α and TNF in response to IL-6. Moreover, anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody abrogated neutrophil recruitment and adhesion formation. Thus, IL-6 signaling represents a potential target for the prevention of postoperative adhesions.
Sleep Promotes Phonological Learning in Children Across Language and Autism Spectra
Authors: Knowland Victoria C. P. , Fletcher Fay , Henderson Lisa-Marie , Walker Sarah , Norbury Courtenay F. , Gaskell M. Gareth 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Establishing stable and flexible phonological representations is a key component of language development and one which is thought to vary across children with neurodevelopmental disorders affecting language acquisition. Sleep is understood to support the learning and generalization of new phonological mappings in adults, but this remains to be examined in children. This study therefore explored the time course of phonological learning in childhood and how it varies by structural language and autism symptomatology.

Method
Seventy-seven 7- to 13-year-old children, 30 with high autism symptomatology, were included in the study; structural language ability varied across the sample. Children learned new phonological mappings based on synthesized speech tokens in the morning; performance was then charted via repetition (without feedback) over 24 hr and followed up 4 weeks later. On the night following learning, children's sleep was monitored with polysomnography.

Results
A period of sleep but not wake was associated with improvement on the phonological learning task in childhood. Sleep was associated with improved performance for both trained items and novel items. Structural language ability predicted overall task performance, though language ability did not predict degree of change from one session to the next. By contrast, autism symptomatology did not explain task performance. With respect to sleep architecture, rapid eye movement features were associated with greater phonological generalization.

Conclusions
Children's sleep was associated with improvement in performance on both trained and novel items. Phonological generalization was associated with brain activity during rapid eye movement sleep. This study furthers our understanding of individual differences in the acquisition of new phonological mappings and the role of sleep in this process over childhood.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11126732
Analysis and design of single‐stage, two‐mode AC/DC converters for on‐board battery charging applications
Authors: Praneeth Ammanamanchi Venkata Jaya Sai , Williamson Sheldon S. 
Published: November 2019

On‐board battery chargers (OBCs) offer the feasibility of charging electric vehicles or plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles with a standard household power supply. In this study, an OBC using two‐mode topology (step‐up or step‐down) is presented. One of the main concern with two‐mode topologies is the hard transitions of the converter operating from boost mode to buck mode or vice versa, which can deteriorate the performance of converter. This study provides smooth transitions between the modes and can have an output that could be more or less than the peak of input voltage. The detailed analysis of operating modes involved in the converter are analysed in the study. Moreover, the stress analysis on the components is also detailed in this study and the results are compared with existing two‐mode converters. A simple dual‐loop control structure with the proposed modulation technique eliminates the sub‐harmonic oscillations and stabilizes the output voltage is also presented in the study. Experimental validation is performed for a 1.0 kW laboratory prototype and the results obtained are detailed in the study. This proposed converter topology can be applied as a single‐stage OBC or as a power factor correction converter with variable DC link voltages in isolated two‐stage OBC.
Asteroid mass estimation with the robust adaptive Metropolis algorithm
Authors: Siltala L. , Granvik M. 
Published: November 2019

Context. The bulk density of an asteroid informs us about its interior structure and composition. To constrain the bulk density, one needs an estimated mass of the asteroid. The mass is estimated by analyzing an asteroid’s gravitational interaction with another object, such as another asteroid during a close encounter. An estimate for the mass has typically been obtained with linearized least-squares methods, despite the fact that this family of methods is not able to properly describe non-Gaussian parameter distributions. In addition, the uncertainties reported for asteroid masses in the literature are sometimes inconsistent with each other and are suspected to be unrealistically low.
Aims. We aim to present a Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm for the asteroid mass estimation problem based on asteroid-asteroid close encounters. We verify that our algorithm works correctly by applying it to synthetic data sets. We use astrometry available through the Minor Planet Center to estimate masses for a select few example cases and compare our results with results reported in the literature.
Methods. Our mass-estimation method is based on the robust adaptive Metropolis algorithm that has been implemented into the OpenOrb asteroid orbit computation software. Our method has the built-in capability to analyze multiple perturbing asteroids and test asteroids simultaneously.
Results. We find that our mass estimates for the synthetic data sets are fully consistent with the ground truth. The nominal masses for real example cases typically agree with the literature but tend to have greater uncertainties than what is reported in recent literature. Possible reasons for this include different astrometric data sets and weights, different test asteroids, different force models or different algorithms. For (16) Psyche, the target of NASA’s Psyche mission, our maximum likelihood mass is approximately 55% of what is reported in the literature. Such a low mass would imply that the bulk density is significantly lower than previously expected and thus disagrees with the theory of (16) Psyche being the metallic core of a protoplanet. We do, however, note that masses reported in recent literature remain within our 3-sigma limits.
Results. The new MCMC mass-estimation algorithm performs as expected, but a rigorous comparison with results from a least-squares algorithm with the exact same data set remains to be done. The matters of uncertainties in comparison with other algorithms and correlations of observations also warrant further investigation.
Going deep with Minkowski functionals of convergence maps
Authors: Parroni Carolina , Cardone Vincenzo F. , Maoli Roberto , Scaramella Roberto 
Published: November 2019

Aims. Stage IV lensing surveys promise to make an unprecedented amount of excellent data available. This will represent a huge leap in terms of quantity and quality and will open the way for the use of novel tools that surpass the standard second-order statistics for probing the high-order properties of the convergence field. Motivated by these considerations, some of us have started a long-term project aiming at using Minkowski functionals (MFs) as complementary and supplementary probes to increase the lensing figure of merit (FoM).
Methods. As a second step on this path, we discuss the use of MFs for a survey consisting of a wide total area Atot that is imaged at a limiting magnitude magW and contains a subset of area Adeep, where observations are pushed to a deeper limiting magnitude magD. We present an updated procedure to match the theoretically predicted MFs to the measured MFs, and take the effect of map reconstruction from noisy shear data into account. We validate this renewed method against simulated datasets with different source redshift distributions and total number density, setting these quantities in accordance with the depth of the survey. We can then rely on a Fisher matrix analysis to forecast the improvement in the FoM that is due to the joint use of shear tomography and MFs under different assumptions on (Atot,  Adeep, and magD), and the prior on the MFs nuisance parameters.
Results. We find that MFs can provide valuable help in increasing the FoM of the lensing survey when the nuisance parameters are known with non-negligible precision. The possibility of compensating for the loss of FoM through a cut in the multipole range that is probed by shear tomography is even more interesting. This makes the results more robust against uncertainties in the modeling of nonlinearities. This makes MFs a promising tool for increasing the FoM and also protects the constraints on the cosmological parameters mainly from theoretical systematic effects.
Dual red imaging: a novel endoscopic imaging technology visualizing thick blood vessels in the gastrointestinal wall
Authors: Yahagi Naohisa , Fujimoto Ai , Horii Joichiro , Uraoka Toshio , Shimoda Masayuki , Takabayashi Kaoru , Nisizawa Toshihiro , Goto Osamu , Ochiai Yasutoshi , Maehata Tadateru , Nakayama Atushi , Kato Motohiko , Hosoe Naoki , Naganuma Makoto 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Dual red imaging (DRI), a novel image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) technology, has the potential to improve the visibility of blood vessels in deeper tissue using 600 nm and 630 nm wavelength lights in the red band.
Aim To confirm the feasibility of DRI in visualization of vessels in deeper tissue and identify pathologically the features of blood vessels visualized by DRI.
Methods Study 1: visibility of blood vessels was assessed by five observers in 137 pairs of DRI and white light imaging (WLI) images. The scores for the visibility of thick blood vessels were measured for randomized images and compared with the scoring template as a reference. The difference in visibility score between DRI and WLI was compared in each pair of images. Study 2: blood vessels detected only by DRI were examined pathologically using two pig stomachs.
Results Study 1: The mean visibility scores of DRI and WLI for each observer were 1.69 – 2.26 and 1.31 – 1.67, respectively. The mean difference in visibility score and 95 % confidence interval for the five observers was 0.59 [0.46 – 0.72], 0.54 [0.40 – 0.68], 0.34 [0.18 – 0.49], 0.51 [0.36 – 0.66], and 0.71 [0.54 – 0.88]. The visibility was statistically significantly better in DRI than in WLI for all observers (P < 0.0001). Study 2: three blood vessels were observed only by DRI. All of these blood vessels were located at a depth of 1000 – 1500 µm from the mucosal surface. The diameter of these blood vessels exceeded 80 – 200 µm.
Conclusions DRI can feasibly detect thick blood vessels in the deep mucosa or submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract.
Impact of trainee involvement on the outcome of ERCP procedures: results of a prospective multicenter observational trial
Authors: Voiosu Theodor , Boskoski Ivo , Voiosu Andrei M. , Benguș Andreea , Ladic Agata , Klarin Ivo , Bove Vincenzo , Busuioc Bogdan , Rimbaș Mihai , Rustemovic Nadan , Mateescu Bogdan , Jovanovic Ivan , Costamagna Guido 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Training in advanced endoscopic techniques such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) should be driven by key performance measures and standardized competence assessment in order to provide safe and high-quality interventions. We aimed to determine whether the involvement of trainees influences the outcome of the procedure and the incidence of ERCP-related adverse events.
Methods This was an international, multicenter, prospective, observational study conducted at six high- and low-volume centers across Europe between October 2016 and October 2018, and included independent operators and their trainees. Standard report forms documenting indication, trainee involvement, technical outcome, and complications over a 30-day follow-up of consecutive ERCP procedures were included in the analysis. Technical success of the procedure and procedure-related adverse events were compared between procedures in the trainee group and the control group using bivariable and multivariable analysis.
Results 21 trainees and 16 control endoscopists performed 1843 ERCPs during the study period. Trainee involvement in ERCP procedures did not decrease technical success (92.4 % vs. 93.7 %; P = 0.30) or increase the risk of adverse events (14.7 % vs. 14.6 %; P > 0.99). Conversely, there were significantly more moderate or severe adverse events in the control group compared with the trainee group (6.2 % vs. 3.4 %, P = 0.01). On multivariable analysis, only increased bilirubin levels, time to cannulation, and procedure difficulty level increased the risk of any procedure-related adverse event.
Conclusion Trainee involvement in ERCP interventions within a proper teaching setting is safe and does not compromise the success of the procedure.
Reconstruction of Head and Neck Mucormycosis: A Literature Review and Own Experience in Immediate Reconstruction
Authors: Palacios Julio Juarez , Hanson Erik Viana , Rendon Marco Aurelio Medina , Infante Raúl-Saldaña López 
Published: November 2019

Background Mucormycosis is a rare invasive and fatal fungal infection. A prompt diagnosis is the most critical aspect for an improved patient outcome. Along with antifungal therapy, radical surgical debridement must be done expeditiously to eradicate this fungus. In this article, we evaluated the feasibility of immediate reconstruction after surgical debridement.
Methods A retrospective study was performed at Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Estado de México, Mexico, between June 2017 and June 2018. Five patients, three males and two females, with a mean age of 39 years were presented in addition to a literature review based on MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PubMed Central, and Embase platforms until June 2018.
Results From our presented series, all five flaps survived and showed no evidence of mucormycosis recurrence or flap loss. In the literature review, we collected 16 cases from 14 different publications of individuals with head and neck mucormycosis. Reconstruction was made with a free (12 cases) or pedicled flap (four cases). Eleven males and five females with a mean patient age of 33.0 years were studied. Only two authors described an early or immediate reconstruction. The average time of the delayed reconstruction after surgical debridement was 16.7 weeks.
Conclusion After aggressive surgical resection, immediate reconstruction can be done safely based on clinical criteria and as long as there is no evidence of hyphae invasion on wound edges in the intraoperative pathology examination.
Trait specialization, innovation, and the evolution of culture in fluctuating environments
Authors: Deffner Dominik , Kandler Anne 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIndividuals often respond phenotypically to environmental challenges by innovating and adopting novel behavioral variants. Behavioral (or ‘cultural’) variants are defined here as alternative ways to solve adaptive problems, such as finding food or building shelter. In unpredictable environments, individuals must both be able to adapt to current conditions but also to cope with potential changes in these conditions, they must “hedge their evolutionary bets” against the variability of the environment. Here, we loosely apply this idea to the context of behavioral adaptation and develop an evolutionary model, where cultural variants differ in their level of generality, i.e. the range of environmental conditions in which they provide fitness benefits: generalist variants are characterized by large ranges, specialist variants by small ranges. We use a Moran model (with additional learning opportunities) and assume that each individual’s propensity for innovation is genetically determined, while the characteristics of cultural variants can be modified through processes of individual and social learning. Our model demonstrates that flexibly adjusting the level of generality allows individuals to navigate the trade-off between fast and reliable initial adaptation and the potential for long-term improvements. In situations with many (social or individual) learning opportunities, no adjustment of the innovation rate, i.e. the propensity to learn individually, is required to adapt to changed environmental conditions: fast adaptation is guaranteed by solely adjusting the level of generality of the cultural variants. Few learning opportunities, however, require both processes, innovation and trait generality, to work hand in hand. To explore the effects of different modes of innovation, we contrast independent invention and modification and show that relying largely on modifications improves both short-term and long-term adaptation. Further, inaccuracies in social learning provide another source of variant variation that facilitates adaptation after an environmental change. However, unfaithful learning is detrimental to long-term levels of adaptation. Our results demonstrate that the characteristics of cultural variants themselves can play a major role in the adaptation process and influence the evolution of learning strategies.
Evolutionary dynamics with game transitions
Authors: Su Qi , McAvoy Alex , Wang Long , Nowak Martin A. 
Published: November 2019

Significance
Evolving populations are constantly subjected to changing environmental conditions. The environment can determine how the expression of traits affects the individuals possessing them. Just as important, however, is the fact that the expression of traits can also alter the environment. We model this phenomenon by introducing game transitions into classical models of evolutionary dynamics. Interacting individuals receive payoffs from the games that they play, and these games can change based on past actions. We find that game transitions can significantly reduce the critical benefit-to-cost threshold for cooperation to evolve in social dilemmas. This result improves our understanding of when cooperators can thrive in nature, even when classical results predict a high critical threshold.