bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the equivalence between traditional medicinal varieties and nontraditional medicinal varieties of Citri reticulata Semen
Authors: Xian Bin , Wang Li , Wang Rui , Ren Chaoxiang , Chen Jiang , Chen Cuiping , Zhong Wanting , Wu Qinghua , Pei Jin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Juhe, which is derived from seeds of citrus (Citri reticulata Semen), is wildly used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Its original plants have numinous variety, and new varieties are constantly emerging, especially in recent years. The decline in the market share of traditional varieties each year, has resulted in a shortage of Juhe resources, and nontraditional Juhe varieties have been used clinically without research. Thus Juhe resources vary significantly. Furthermore, most of new varieties are hybrids, with significant differences in genes, active ingredients. Therefore, a further research is needed on Nontraditional medicinal varieties.
Methods

In this study, the genetic diversity, shape and size, and flavonoids content of 35 different batches of Juhe samples, from different source, were analyzed base on SRAP molecular markers, a stereo microscope, and HPLC. Then correlation analysis was performed using these data.
Results

The genetic backgrounds of traditional medicinal varieties (TMV) and nontraditional medicinal varieties (N-TMV) differed significantly, and TMV were closely related to some Citrus ‘Ponkan’ samples. Seeds of TMV and N-TMV differ based on shape, size and number. In addition, flavonoid compounds and level in the seeds of TMV and N-TMV also showed a significant difference. Five batches of C. reticulata ‘Ponkan’ samples collected from Zigong, Meishan, Neijiang, Nanchong and Jiangyou were closely related to the traditional medicinal variety Citrus reticulata ‘Dahongpao’,based on genetic relationship, shape and sizes, as well as flavonoids content.
Conclusins:

A total of 5 C. reticulata ‘Ponkan’ samples, including Zigong No. 7, Meishan No. 21, Neijiang No. 27, Nanchong No. 32, and Jiangyou No. 34, were closely related to the traditional medicinal variety C. reticulata ‘Dahongpao’ in genetic relationship, seeds’ characteristics and sizes, and flavonoids content. These varieties could serve as a new medicinal variety.
Clinical Outcomes Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty without Concomitant Osteotomy in Ankles with Severe Preoperative Varus Deformity: Comparison to Ankles with Preoperative Neutral Alignment
Authors: Yamashita Takahiro , Nagai Kanto , Kanzaki Noriyuki , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Ibaraki Kazuyuki , Araki Daisuke , Hoshino Yuichi , Matsushita Takehiko , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background:It remains controversial whether satisfactory outcomes can be obtained following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) without osteotomy in patients with severe varus ankle deformities. The purpose of this study was to examine outcomes following TAA without concomitant osteotomies in patients with severe varus ankle alignment by comparing them with patients with neutral alignment. Methods: Fifty-three ankles of 51 patients (71.4 ± 5.6 years old) who underwent TAA using an insert with a medial wall (TNK ankle prosthesis)were examined (mean follow-up: 36.8±17.8 months). The patients were allocated into two groups according to the preoperative talar tilt (TT) angle: the neutral group (preoperative TT angle < 9°; n=37) andthe varus group (preoperative TT angle > 10°; n=16). Outcome measures, including the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) scale, Self-Administered Foot Evaluation Questionnaire (SAFE-Q), the ankle range of motion, and radiographic parameters, were assessed prior to the surgery and at the final follow-up.Results:Significant improvements were observed in clinical and radiographical outcomes in both groups after surgery. The postoperative JSSF scale and the subscalescores of pain and shoes in the SAFE-Q were not significantly different between the groups, while subscale scores of function, social, and health in the SAFE-Q were greater in the varus group compared to the neutral group at the final follow-up (P < 0.05). Radiographic parameters, including TT angle and tibial axis-medial malleolus (TMM) angle improved postoperatively and were not significantly differentbetween the neutral group (TT angle, 0.5 ±0.7°;TMM angle, 16.0 ± 4.6°) and the varus group (TT angle, 0.4 ± 0.7°;TMM angle, 17.0 ± 5.3°) at the final follow-up. To achieve neutral alignment, adjunctive procedures, such as deltoid ligament release, were required more often in the varus group, but no concomitant osteotomies were performed. Conclusions:Outcomes after TAA using the TNK ankle prosthesis were favorable in patients with severe varus ankle alignment and in those with neutral ankle alignment without concomitant osteotomy. Satisfactory outcomes could be achieved in patients with severe varus ankle alignment after TAA using the TNK ankle prosthesis without concomitant osteotomy.
Research The Representativeness of An Isolated Medial Malleolar Fracture
Authors: Wu Chi-Chuan , Yeh Wen-Ling , Lee Po-Cheng , Chou Ying-Chao , Hsu Yung-Heng , Yu Yi-Hsun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: An isolated medial malleolar fracture (IMMF) is relatively uncommon.Not only is the treatment principle undetermined well, but also is the patho-mechanism debatable. The goal of this retrospective study intended to clarify the patho-mechanism of an IMMF and develop an optimal treatment principle to upgrade a success rate.Methods: For the 10-year period, 59 consecutive adult patients (average, 38 years; range, 18-77 years) with an IMMF were treated. The causes included 42.4% of motorcycle accidents, 20.3% of working injuries, 10.2% of car accidents, 10.2% of slide injuries, and 16.9% of others. The 59 injuries were classified to 59.3% of stage 1 pronation-external rotation (PE), 20.3% of stage 2 PE, 10.2% of stage 2 pronation-abduction (PA), and 10.2% of stage 2 supination-adduction (SA) injuries. Unstable fractures which comprised stage 2 PA and stage 2 SA injuries were treated with internal fixation. Stable fractures which comprised stage 1 PE and stage 2 PE injuries were treated with either internal fixation or conservative techniques.Results: Fifty patients (84.7%, 50 / 59) were followed for at least one year (average, 1.3 years; range, 1-3.1 years). Forty-nine fractures healed with a union rate of 98%. Satisfactory ankle function was achieved in 84% of patients (42 / 50). Four out of eight patients with an unsatisfactory ankle function sustained syndesmotic diastasis. One fracture which was treated with internal fixation sustained screw breakage with nonunion. This patient also had unsatisfactory ankle function.Conclusion: Not all IMMFs can be treated conservatively. Practically, an IMMF should be classified into a stable or unstable type based on radiographs and clinical stress tests. A stable type may include 80% of IMMFs which may be treated with either surgical or conservative techniques. An unstable type may include 20% of IMMFs which had better be treated with internal fixation.
Trace elements in sulfides from the Maozu Pb-Zn deposit, Yunnan Province, China: Implications for trace-element incorporation mechanisms and ore genesis
Authors: Li Zhenli , Ye Lin , Hu Yusi , Wei Chen , Huang Zhilong , Yang Yulong , Danyushevsky Leonid 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Pb-Zn metallogenic province (SYGMP) is an important region for Pb-Zn resources in China. However, considerable controversy remains as to whether the Pb-Zn deposits are Mississippi Valley Type (MVT). The Maozu deposit, a typical example of the carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in the SYGMP, occurs in the late Ediacaran Dengying Formation and its ore bodies are divided into three types: lower layer (LL), vein layer (VL), and upper layer (UL) ore bodies based on their spatial relationship. In this study, laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to systematically analyze the trace-element compositions of sphalerite and galena in these three ore bodies. The results show that sphalerite is characterized by Cd and Ge enrichment; Fe, Mn, and Co depletion; and local In and Sn enrichment. Most of these elements likely appear as solid solutions in sphalerite and show a wide compositional variation, which is probably related to the medium- and low-temperature mixing of the ore-forming fluids. The local enrichment of In and Sn is likely attributed to the long-distance migration of ore-forming fluids through In-Sn-bearing volcaniclastic rocks. In vs. Sn and (Cu + Sb) vs. (Ag + Ge) show strong correlations and similar element distribution in the mapped images, indicating that these elements may be incorporated into sphalerite via a coupled substitution for Zn as 2In3+ + Sn4+ + 2☐ ↔ 5Zn2+ (☐ = vacancies) and 4(Cu+ + Sb3+) + (Ge4+ + 2Ag+) + 2☐ ↔ 13Zn2+. Galena is enriched in Ag and Sb with minor Cd and Se and depleted in Bi, and most of the elements may occur as solid solutions. Ag vs. Sb in galena displays a strong positive correlation, implying the coupled substitution of Ag+ + Sb3+ ↔ 2Pb2+. Notably, the majority of the trace-element concentrations gradually decrease in the order LL → UL except Fe, Co, Cu, and Ge, while Fe, In, and Sn in sphalerite and Ag and Sb in galena have the highest concentration in the VL, indicating that the VL is a secondary migration channel for the ore-forming fluids. Furthermore, the trace-element compositions of the sulfides in the Maozu Pb-Zn deposit are consistent with the typical MVT deposit (hosted in the carbonate sequence) but are markedly different from sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX), volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) and skarn-type deposits. Based on these results, as well as the geological and geochemical characteristics of the deposit, the Maozu Pb-Zn deposit is an MVT deposit.
Assessment of SM2RAIN-ASCAT and CMORPH satellite precipitation products over Maharlu Lake basin in Iran
Authors: Goudarzi Fatemeh Moazami , Sarraf Amirpouya , Ahmadi Hassan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the use of climatic databases and satellite products by researchers has become increasingly common in the field of climate modeling and research. These datasets play an important role in developing countries. This study evaluated two reanalyses, CMORPH and SM2RAIN-ASCAT over Maharlu Lake, a semi-arid region in Iran. The results showed that these two near-time datasets do not have accurate data over this basin. However, the probability of detection (POD), critical success index (CSI), and false alarm ratio (FAR) statistics showed acceptable accuracy in the detection of precipitation. The coefficient of determination and root mean square error statistics have unacceptable accuracy over this area. The monthly changes in each of the indices showed that the CMORPH database had more errors in the spring months, but in other months the error rate was improved. SM2RAIN-ASCAT had better accuracy over this area relative to CMORPH. The estimation of the total accuracy of the data showed that these two satellite databases were not capable of estimating precipitation in the area.
Modelling of the coupling of desalination plants with the thermal solar energy system
Authors: Irki Sara , Kasbadji-Merzouk Nachida , Hanini Salah , Ghernaout Djamel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This work aims to develop models able to describe and predict the thermal solar collector coupled with vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) unit to determine the growth evolution of the temperature in the solar collector and the membrane module of the VMD. These models will be used to evaluate the distillate flow rates during the year. The global solar radiation data recorded on an inclined surface as well as ambient temperature data can be included in a program. First, the models were validated with some experimental data studies from appropriate literature and then they were used to predict the unit's performance under different operating conditions in the City of Bouzaréah (Algiers). The results obtained from the proposed models showed that the distillate flux water reached 10.5 kg/h·m2 in September and around 5.6 kg/h·m2 in December during midday.
Effect of Nigella sativa and Fenugreek on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Amlodipine in Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Alam Mohd Aftab , Bin Jardan Yousef Abdullah , Raish Mohammad , Al-Mohizea Abdullah Mohammad , Ahad Abdul , Al-Jenoobi Fahad Ibrahim 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The present article is related to in-vitro and in-vivo herb-drug interaction studies.

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Nigella sativa and fenugreek on the pharmacodynamics and
pharmacokinetics of amlodipine.

Method:
Hypertensive rats of group-I were treated with amlodipine and rats of group-II and III were treated with N.
sativa, and N. sativa + amlodipine and fenugreek, and fenugreek + amlodipine, respectively. Systolic blood pressure
(SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MBP) of group-I, II and III rats were measured by
the “tail-cuff system”.

Results:
N. sativa, as well as fenugreek, reduced the SBP, DBP and MBP. Simultaneously, administration of
fenugreek + amlodipine or N. sativa + amlodipine showed better control of BP. Individually, fenugreek, as well as N.
sativa, showed a surprising reduction in the heart rate. There was no remarkable effect of any of these two herbs on
Cmax, AUC0-t, Kel, and terminal elimination half-life of amlodipine, but fenugreek altered the Tmax of amlodipine
significantly, from 2 ± 1.2h in control to 7.2 ± 1.7h in fenugreek treated group, probably by delaying the absorption.

Conclusion:
Results of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics studies suggested that simultaneous administration
of fenugreek or N. sativa with amlodipine improved the pharmacological response of amlodipine in hypertensive rats,
though there was no remarkable change in pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, Kel, elimination t1/2, and AUC0-t).
Effect of Green Tea and (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate on the Pharmacokinetics of Rosuvastatin
Authors: Huang Shenjia , Xu Qingqing , Liu Linsheng , Bian Yicong , Zhang Shichao , Huang Chenrong , Miao Liyan 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Green tea can inhibit OATPs, so it may interact with the substrate of OATPs, such as
rosuvastatin.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the effects of green tea on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin and its
mechanism.

Methods:
Male Sprague-Dawley rats received different doses of green tea extract (GTE) and (-)- epigallocatechin-3-
gallate (EGCG). Caco-2 cells and OATP1B1-HEK293T cells were used in drug uptake and transport assay. The
matrix concentrations of rosuvastatin and catechins were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatographytandem
mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).

Results:
GTE and EGCG were both found to increase the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞)
of rosuvastatin ((p<0.050). In the Caco-2 cell model, the uptake and transport of rosuvastatin in the GTE groups were
1.94-fold (p<0.001) and 2.11-fold (p<0.050) higher, respectively, than those of the control group. However, in the
EGCG group, the uptake and transport of rosuvastatin were decreased by 22.62% and 44.19%, respectively
(p<0.050). In the OATP1B1- HEK293T cell model, the OATP1B1-mediated rosuvastatin uptake was decreased by
GTE to 35.02% of that in the control (p<0.050) and was decreased by EGCG to 45.61% of that in the control
(p<0.050).

Conclusion:
GTE increased the systemic rosuvastatin exposure in rats. The mechanism may include an increase in
rosuvastatin absorption and a decrease in liver distribution by inhibiting OATP1B1. EGCG may be the main
ingredient of green tea that affects the pharmacokinetic parameters of rosuvastatin. Our results showed the
importance of conducting green tea-rosuvastatin study.
Involvement of the Sodium Channel Nav1.7 in Paclitaxel-induced Peripheral Neuropathy through ERK1/2 Signaling in Rats
Authors: Wang Guang Jie , Zhang Xi , Huang Li-De , Xiao Yun 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Paclitaxel treatment is a major cause of chemotherapy-induced peripheral
neuropathy. The sodium channel Nav1.7 plays a critical role in pain perception. However, whether
Nav1.7 in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is involved in paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy
remains unclear. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate whether Nav1.7 participates in the pathogenesis
of paclitaxel-induced neuropathy.

Methods:
Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy was generated by intraperitoneal administration
of paclitaxel on four alternate days.

Results:
The results showed that DRG mRNA and protein expression levels of Nav1.7 were
upregulated between days 7 and 21 after the administration of paclitaxel. Besides, paclitaxel upregulated
extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in DRG. Intrathecal injection
of U0126 (a MEK inhibitor) blocking ERK1/2 phosphorylation blunted up-regulation of
Nav1.7 in the DRG and correspondingly attenuated hyperalgesia.

Conclusion:
These results indicated that the sodium channel Nav1.7 in the DRG exerted an important
function in paclitaxel-induced neuropathy, which was associated with ERK phosphorylation in
neurons.
Brivaracetam Prevents the Over-expression of Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2A and Rescues the Deficits of Hippocampal Long-term Potentiation In Vivo in Chronic Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Rats
Authors: Ge Yu-Xing , Lin Ying-Ying , Bi Qian-Qian , Chen Yu-Juan 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) usually suffer from cognitive
deficits and recurrent seizures. Brivaracetam (BRV) is a novel anti-epileptic drug (AEDs) recently
used for the treatment of partial seizures with or without secondary generalization. Different from
other AEDs, BRV has some favorable properties on synaptic plasticity. However, the underlying
mechanisms remain elusive.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to explore the neuroprotective mechanism of BRV on synaptic
plasticity in experimental TLE rats.

Methods:
The effect of chronic treatment with BRV (10 mg/kg) was assessed on Pilocarpine induced
TLE model through measurement of the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in
vivo. Differentially expressed synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) were identified with immunoblot.
Then, fast phosphorylation of synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) during
long-term potentiation (LTP) induction was performed to investigate the potential roles of BRV on
synaptic plasticity in the TLE model.

Results:
An increased level of SV2A accompanied by a depressed LTP in the hippocampus was
shown in epileptic rats. Furthermore, BRV treatment continued for more than 30 days improved
the over-expression of SV2A and reversed the synaptic dysfunction in epileptic rats. Additionally,
BRV treatment alleviates the abnormal SNAP-25 phosphorylation at Ser187 during LTP induction
in epileptic ones, which is relevant to the modulation of synaptic vesicles exocytosis and voltagegated
calcium channels.

Conclusion:
BRV treatment ameliorated the over-expression of SV2A in the hippocampus and
rescued the synaptic dysfunction in epileptic rats. These results identify the neuroprotective effect
of BRV on TLE model.
Serum Albumin as a Potential Predictor of Pneumonia after an Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yang Xue , Wang Lu , Zheng Lukai , Wu Jiongxing , Liu Junfeng , Hao Zilong , Zhang Shihong , Wu Bo , Liu Ming , Wang Deren 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Serum albumin level is associated with infection after stroke, but whether
albumin predicts post-stroke pneumonia is unclear. The potential relationship between albumin
level and pneumonia in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) was evaluated in this study.

Methods:
A consecutive sample of 798 AIS patients who were admitted to West China Hospital
within 24 h after onset, from the year 2017 to 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. Blood was collected
on admission and assayed for serum albumin. Univariate analyses, multivariate logistic regression,
and stratified logistic regression were performed to identify the risk factors of post-stroke
pneumonia.

Results:
Out of the 798 patients, 240 (30.2%) developed pneumonia at a median of 48 h after onset
(interquartile range, 27-74 h). Patients with pneumonia had significantly lower serum albumin
levels than those without pneumonia (40.6 vs. 42.9 g/l, p<0.001). After adjustment, the albumin
level was still significantly associated with pneumonia in multivariate logistic regression (odds
ratio [OR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81-0.94). The association between serum albumin
and pneumonia tended to depend on National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (p = 0.045),
but this was significant only in patients with mild stroke (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.77-0.93). A dosedependent
inverse relationship was found between albumin levels and the risk of pneumonia after
AIS. Albumin values predicted pneumonia with an area under the curve of 0.661 (95% CI 0.620-
0.701), and the optimal cutoff was 42.6 g/L.

Conclusion:
Low serum albumin levels may be independent predictors of pneumonia in patients
with AIS, especially in mild stroke. In fact, the risk of pneumonia may vary inversely with albumin
level.
The Role of Society in Preventing Premarriage Sexual Behavior
Authors: Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih 
Published: May 2020

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescents are one of the population groups that are easily affected by the flow of information, both negative and positive. One impact of the negative flow of information is premarital sexual behavior in adolescents. In fact, teens are expected to be able to replace the previous generation with optimal performance quality in accordance with their growth and development related to adolescent reproductive health rights. In this case, there needs to be efforts made by the community around adolescents in the prevention of premarital sexual behavior .<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the role of the community in preventing premarriage pregnancy to adolescents in the village of Trirenggo, Bantul</p><p><strong>Research Methodology: </strong>This research uses quantitative and qualitative research methods with a phenomenological approach. The sampling technique uses <em>purposive sampling </em>. The study was conducted in June-August 2019 in Trirenggo, Bantul. The research instrument used a questionnaire and interview guidelines compiled by the researcher. The data analysis process in this study uses the frequency distribution for quantitative research and steps from Colaizzi for qualitative research.</p><p><strong>The results of the study: </strong>(1) Community norms already exist in Trirenggo, Bantul, but the implementation is still not optimal (2) Social control has been carried out by the Trirenggo community but it is still not well targeted in its implementation .</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Community norms still do not function in the prevention of premarriage pregnancy, as well as the minimum community participation in social control.</p><p> </p>