bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence, risk factors, and assessment of induration by ultrasonography after chemotherapy administration through a peripheral intravenous catheter
Authors: Abe‐Doi Mari , Murayama Ryoko , Komiyama Chieko , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsFollowing chemotherapy, induration may occur. This study was conducted to survey induration incidence and risk factors, and investigation for actual condition of induration.MethodsA cohort study was conducted for survey of incidence and risk factors, and a cross‐sectional observation study was conducted to examine actual condition of induration. The sites of chemotherapy administration were recorded, and these were observed on the next treatment day. Clinical nurses judged the presence or absence of induration by palpation. The sites were observed using ultrasonography. To investigate the risk factors associated with the induration, logistic regression analysis was performed using independent variables based on univariate analysis or previous reports.ResultsIn total, 69 patients were analyzed. The induration incidence was 17.4%, and three abnormal conditions were confirmed: subcutaneous edema, thrombosis, and thickening of the vessel wall. Breast cancer, non‐vesicant drug, vein diameter, and fosaprepitant use were included in the logistic regression model. Breast cancer: odds ratio (OR) 9.25; 95 CI 1.91.–44.71; non‐vesicant drug: OR 1.37; 95 CI 0.13–14.95; vein diameter: OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.16–0.97; fosaprepitant use: OR 0.16; 95% CI, 0.18–10.32.ConclusionsThe induration incidence was 17.4%. Risk factors for induration following chemotherapy administration were breast cancer and smaller vein diameter. Abnormal cases of subcutaneous tissue were confirmed, including subcutaneous edema, thrombosis, and thickening of the vessel wall. Induration may be prevented by selecting larger diameter vessels using ultrasonography when catheterizing for chemotherapy.
HAADF‐STEM image analysis for size‐selected platinum nanoclusters
Authors: XIA Y. , HARRISON P. , ORNELAS I.M. , WANG H.L. , LI Z.Y. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIn this study, size‐selected platinum (Pt) nanoclusters were imaged with aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy in high‐angle annular dark field (HAADF) mode. For image analysis, a relatively simple macro program was developed by making the use of existing ImageJ plug‐ins. The macro allows effectively for assessing criterions chosen for intensity threshold and filter blurring factors. It can extract the integrated HAADF intensity, peak intensity and projected area of the clusters. Here, the effects of magnification and objective lens defocus on nanocluster measurement were investigated. It was found that the integrated HAADF intensity of Pt clusters is a more robust sample descriptor than the peak intensity and the projected area. The macro program developed is freely available.Lay DescriptionMeasuring precisely the size of nanoclusters plays an important role in the investigation of nanocluster‐based material systems. Aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is one of the most powerful tools to extract the size of clusters directly from their images. In this study, we developed a macro program based on existing ImageJ plug‐ins, allowing easy‐assessment of criterions chosen for image intensity threshold and filter blurring factors. It can be used to extract the integrated intensity, peak intensity, and projected area of the clusters for size determination. Using the program, we investigated the effects of magnification and objective lens defocus on measurements performed on size‐selected platinum (Pt) nanoclusters, and found that the integrated intensity of Pt clusters is a more robust sample descriptor than the peak intensity and the projected area. The macro developed allows a rapid assessment of factors affecting the accuracy with which size information can be obtained from clusters.
Mitochondrial DNA copy number is associated with all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Koller A. , Fazzini F. , Lamina C. , Rantner B. , Kollerits B. , Stadler M. , Klein‐Weigel P. , Fraedrich G. , Kronenberg F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDysfunctional mitochondria have an influence on inflammation and increased oxidative stress due to an excessive production of reactive oxygen species. The mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA‐CN) is a potential biomarker for mitochondrial dysfunction and has been associated with various diseases. However, results were partially contrasting which might have been caused by methodological difficulties to quantify mtDNA‐CN.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate whether mtDNA‐CN is associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) as well as all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular events during seven years of follow‐up.MethodsA total of 236 male patients with PAD from the Cardiovascular Disease in Intermittent Claudication (CAVASIC) study were compared with 249 age‐ and diabetes‐matched controls. MtDNA‐CN was measured with a well‐standardized plasmid‐normalized quantitative PCR‐based assay determining the ratio between mtDNA‐CN and nuclear DNA.ResultsIndividuals in the lowest quartile of mtDNA‐CN had a twofold increased risk for PAD which, however, was no longer significant after adjusting for leukocytes and platelets. About 67 of the 236 patients had already experienced a cardiovascular event at baseline and those in the lowest mtDNA‐CN quartile had a 2.34‐fold increased risk for these events (95% CI 1.08–5.13). During follow‐up, 37 PAD patients died and 66 patients experienced a cardiovascular event. Patients in the lowest mtDNA‐CN quartile had hazard ratios of 2.66 (95% CI 1.27–5.58) for all‐cause‐mortality and 1.82 (95% CI 1.02–3.27) for cardiovascular events compared with the combined quartile 2–4 (adjusted for age, smoking, CRP, diabetes, prevalent cardiovascular disease, leukocytes and platelets).ConclusionThis investigation supports the hypothesis of mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral arterial disease and shows an association of low mtDNA‐CNs with all‐cause‐mortality and prevalent and incident cardiovascular disease in PAD patients with intermittent claudication.
Considerations for application of biopharmaceutics classification system in chicken: Exemplified by seven drugs classification
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Xiangxiu , Zhang Yujuan , Huang Jinhu , Wu Yucheng , Wang Liping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBiopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) has gained broad acceptance in promoting the development of human drugs. To date, the applicability of existing human BCS criteria has not been evaluated in chickens. The objective of this study was to discuss the feasibility of BCS extrapolation between species and establish a preliminary chicken BCS by classifying seven veterinary commonly used drugs including metronidazole, amoxicillin, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, doxycycline hydrochloride, and trimethoprim. Firstly, we finished the determination of physiological parameters affecting solubility in chickens, including body temperature, gastrointestinal pH, and the fluid volume in the gastrointestinal tract (GI), and the drug is considered highly soluble in chicken BCS when the highest dose strength is soluble in 20.40 ml (fed) or 6.73 ml (fasted) over the pH range of 1–8 at 41°C. Drug solubility classification was based on dose number calculation. Metronidazol and amoxicillin were classed differently under fed and fasted conditions. Secondly, we discussed the effect of ABC transporters (MDCK vs. MDCK‐chAbcb1/Abcg2) and pH (5.5 vs. 7.4) on drug permeability and classification. The drug is classified as highly permeable when its permeability is equal to or greater than metoprolol tartrate. Though ABC transporters and pH significantly affected the permeability values of drugs (p < .05), the permeability classification of the drugs has not been changed except for sulfamethoxazole. This work highlights some of the significant challenges that would be encountered in order to develop a chicken BCS, this valuable information could serve as a helpful tool during chicken drugs development and to minimize the potential risks when developing formulations.
FlhF regulates the number and configuration of periplasmic flagella in Borrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Zhang Kai , He Jun , Catalano Claudio , Guo Youzhong , Liu Jun , Li Chunhao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Lyme disease bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi has 7–11 periplasmic flagella (PF) that arise from the cell poles and extend toward the midcell as a flat‐ribbon, which is distinct from other bacteria. FlhF, a signal recognition particle (SRP)‐like GTPase, has been found to regulate the flagellar number and polarity; however, its role in B. burgdorferi remains unknown. B. burgdorferi has an FlhF homolog (BB0270). Structural and biochemical analyses show that BB0270 has a similar structure and enzymatic activity as its counterparts from other bacteria. Genetics and cryo‐electron tomography studies reveal that deletion of BB0270 leads to mutant cells that have less PF (4 ± 2 PF per cell tip) and fail to form a flat‐ribbon, indicative of a role of BB0270 in the control of PF number and configuration. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that BB0270 localizes at the cell poles and controls the number and position of PF via regulating the flagellar protein stability and the polar localization of the MS‐ring protein FliF. Our study not only provides the detailed characterizations of BB0270 and its profound impacts on flagellar assembly, morphology and motility in B. burgdorferi, but also unveils mechanistic insights into how spirochetes control their unique flagellar patterns.
Gender Identity, Analogy and Virtue: A Response Newton and Watt
Authors: Jones David Albert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWilliam Newton and Helen Watt have both criticised the attempt to draw an analogy between gender recognition and adoption. Newton argues that recognition of adoptive fatherhood rests on an “analogy of proportion” whereas to use the word “woman” of someone whose natal sex is male is, at most, “a weak form of analogy”. However, the definition of woman provided by Newton excludes those who are infertile and neglects the cultural dimension of gender. The case of Casimir Pulaski shows that someone could participate in many of the cultural aspects of being male, as these were expressed in his society, irrespective of the facts of his internal anatomy. Watt thinks the analogy, if modified, shows that there is an onus against transitioning. She does not regard cross-dressing or taking cross-sex hormones or use of pronouns to express gender incongruence as being intrinsically wrong but argues that transitioning is potentially misleading and can have harmful consequences. Watt's practical arguments are weak as they do not include a broad range of considerations, especially considerations about inclusion and discrimination. On the other hand, Watt's concession is significant as it implies that, at least in some circumstances, transitioning could be virtuous.
δ15N values in plants are determined by both nitrate assimilation and circulation
Authors: Cui Jing , Lamade Emmanuelle , Fourel François , Tcherkez Guillaume 
Published: February 2020

Summary

Nitrogen (N) assimilation is associated with 14N/15N fractionation such that plant tissues are generally 15N‐depleted compared to source nitrate. In addition to nitrate concentration, the δ15N value in plants is also influenced by isotopic heterogeneity amongst organs and metabolites. However, our current understanding of δ15N values in nitrate is limited by the relatively small number of compound‐specific data.

We extensively measured δ15N in nitrate at different time points, in sunflower and oil palm grown at fixed nitrate concentration, with nitrate circulation being varied using potassium (K) conditions and waterlogging.

There were strong interorgan δ15N differences for contrasting situations between the two species, and a high 15N‐enrichment in root nitrate. Modelling shows that this 15N‐enrichment can be explained by nitrate circulation and compartmentalisation whereby despite a numerically small flux value, the backflow of nitrate to roots via the phloem can lead to a c. 30‰ difference between leaves and roots. Accordingly, waterlogging and low K conditions, which down‐regulate sap circulation, cause a decrease in the leaf‐to‐root isotopic difference.

Our study thus suggests that plant δ15N can be used as a natural tracer of N fluxes between organs and highlights the potential importance of δ15N of circulating phloem nitrate.
Diapocynin, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, counteracts diisopropylfluorophosphate‐induced long‐term neurotoxicity in the rat model
Authors: Putra Marson , Gage Meghan , Sharma Shaunik , Gardner Cara , Gasser Grace , Anantharam Vellareddy , Thippeswamy Thimmasettappa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOrganophosphate (OP) nerve agents are a threat to both the military and civilians. OP exposure causes cholinergic crisis and status epilepticus (SE) because of irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase that can be life‐threatening if left untreated. OP survivors develop long‐term morbidity, such as cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction, because of oxidative stress and progressive neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, which act as disease promoters. Current medical countermeasures (MCMs) do not mitigate these pathologies. Therefore, our goal was to target these disease promoters using diapocynin (DPO), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, in addition to MCMs, in a rat diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) model. The DFP‐intoxicated rats were treated with DPO (300 mg/kg, oral, six doses, 12‐h intervals) or vehicle 2 h following behavioral SE termination with diazepam. The DPO treatment significantly rescued DFP‐induced motor impairment and attenuated epileptiform spiking during the first 72 h after DFP exposure in severely seizing rats despite no difference in epileptiform spike rate between the vehicle and DPO groups in mild SE rats. DPO significantly reduced DFP‐induced reactive astrogliosis, neurodegeneration, GP91phox, glutathiolated protein, serum nitrite, and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukins (ILs) IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐2, IL‐17A, leptin, and IP‐10, in the hippocampus. Collectively, these data support a neuroprotective role of DPO in an OP‐induced neurotoxicity model.
Uses and Abuses of Ideology in Political Psychology
Authors: Kalmoe Nathan P. 
Published: February 2020

Ideology is a central construct in political psychology. Even so, the field's strong claims about an ideological public rarely engage evidence of enormous individual differences: a minority with real ideological coherence and weak to nonexistent political belief organization for everyone else. Here, I bridge disciplinary gaps by showing the limits of mass political ideology with several popular measures and components—self‐identification, core political values (egalitarian and traditionalism's resistance to change), and policy indices—in representative U.S. surveys across four decades (Ns ~ 13 k–37 k), plus panel data testing stability. Results show polar, coherent, stable, and potent ideological orientations only among the most knowledgeable 20–30% of citizens. That heterogeneity means full‐sample tests overstate ideology for most people but understate it for knowledgeable citizens. Whether through top‐down opinion leadership or bottom‐up ideological reasoning, organized political belief systems require political attention and understanding to form. Finally, I show that convenience samples make trouble for ideology generalizations. I conclude by proposing analytic best practices to help avoid overclaiming ideology in the public. Taken together, what first looks like strong and broad ideology is actually ideological innocence for most and meaningful ideology for a few.
Effect of yoga‐based physical activity on perceived stress, anxiety, and quality of life in young adults
Authors: Erdoğan Yüce Gülyeter , Muz Gamze 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study, conducted at a public university in Turkey, sought to determine the effects of yoga‐based physical activity on perceived stress, anxiety, and quality of life in young adults.Design and MethodsThis study was planned as a semiexperimental nonrandomized study with a control group.FindingsYoga‐based physical activity decreased the perceived stress and state anxiety levels, but had no effect on trait anxiety levels and quality of life.Practical ImplicationsIt is recommended that yoga‐based treatment can be included in nursing interventions for reducing stress and anxiety levels in young adults.
Clustering with statistical error control
Authors: Vogt Michael , Schmid Matthias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article presents a clustering approach that allows for rigorous statistical error control similar to a statistical test. We develop estimators for both the unknown number of clusters and the clusters themselves. The estimators depend on a tuning parameter α which is similar to the significance level of a statistical hypothesis test. By choosing α, one can control the probability of overestimating the true number of clusters, while the probability of underestimation is asymptotically negligible. In addition, the probability that the estimated clusters differ from the true ones is controlled. In the theoretical part of the article, formal versions of these statements on statistical error control are derived in a baseline model with convex clusters. A simulation study and two applications to temperature and gene expression microarray data complement the theoretical analysis.
The effect of border barriers to services trade on goods trade
Authors: Dincer Nazire Nergiz , Tekin‐Koru Ayça 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper has two objectives (a) to introduce border policy‐induced barriers (PIBs) to services trade and (b) analyse the impact of border PIBs in services sectors on goods trade. The World Input‐Output Database covering 43 countries is used over the period 2000–14. A three‐stage analysis is employed. The measures of bilateral services trade barriers calculated in each services sector in the first stage are decomposed into its cultural/geographic and policy‐induced parts in the second stage. Border PIBs to services trade are used in the structural gravity estimations of bilateral goods trade in the final stage. The results demonstrate significant and robust adverse effects of barriers to services trade on goods trade. When the level of development is taken into consideration, there are marked differences in the impact of these barriers on goods trade.
Norovirus outbreak in a natural playground: A One Health approach
Authors: Sips Gregorius J. , Dirven Mariëlle J. G. , Donkervoort Joke T. , van Kolfschoten Francien M. , Schapendonk Claudia M. E. , Phan My V. T. , Bloem Annemieke , van Leeuwen Anna F. , Trompenaars Mariechristine E. , Koopmans Marion P. G. , van der Eijk Annemiek A. , de Graaf Miranda , Fanoy Ewout B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNorovirus constitutes the most frequently identified infectious cause of disease outbreaks associated with untreated recreational water. When investigating outbreaks related to surface water, a One Health approach is insightful. Historically, there has been a focus on potential contamination of recreational water by bird droppings and a recent publication demonstrating human noroviruses in bird faeces suggested this should be investigated in future water‐related norovirus outbreaks. Here, we describe a One Health approach investigating a norovirus outbreak in a natural playground. On social media, a large amount of waterfowl were reported to defecate near these playground premises leading to speculations about their potential involvement. Surface water, as well as human and bird faecal specimens, was tested for human noroviruses. Norovirus was found to be the most likely cause of the outbreak but there was no evidence for transmission via waterfowl. Cases had become known on social media prior to notification to the public health service underscoring the potential of online media as an early warning system. In view of known risk factors, advice was given for future outbreak investigations and natural playground design.
Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Phase-Focused Breaking and Non-Breaking Wave Impact on a Fixed Offshore Platform Deck
Authors: Moideen Rameeza , Behera Manasa Ranjan , Kamath Arun , Bihs Hans 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExtreme wave impact due to tsunamis and storm surge create large wave heights that cause destruction to coastal and offshore structures. Focused waves have been used to represent such extreme waves, and in the present study, its impact on offshore deck has been studied numerically. Numerical modeling has been carried out using open-source software reef3d, with the level set method to capture the air–water interface. Focused waves are generated by phase focusing a group of waves at a particular position and time. The nonlinearity of focused waves and its effect on the vertical impact force has been quantified for different airgaps and increasing wave heights. The wave steepness was increased to initiate phase-focused breaking in the numerical wave tank, which was then validated with the experimental results. This breaking-focused wave impact on offshore deck is then studied at different breaking locations. The results for different positionings of the deck with respect to breaker location show that the maximum horizontal impact force on the deck occurs when the plunging crest hits the deck side.
On the Erosive Wear of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composite in the Olive Oil Extraction Process
Authors: Sakka M. M. , Bahri A. , Kaçar E. , Elleuch K. , Urgen M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe olive pomace erosion wear behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composite (epoxy/CF) has been analyzed. A tribological test was carried out using an in house centrifugal testing setup in order to simulate the environment in olive oil extraction procedure. The environment is composed from a pomace-to-water ratio 70/30. The erosion wear-rate of this composite has been studied at different impact angles (45 deg and 90 deg) and at different impact velocities (200, 1200, 1500, and 2000 rpm). It was demonstrated that both the impact angle and the impact velocity have a significant effect on the carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composite erosive wear-rate. The main findings reveal an erosive wear characterized by brittle damage; in fact, micro-cracks at the surfaces and sub-surfaces were found. The damage surfaces were marked by fragmented fibers.