bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of 110 Silicon Nanowire Oriented with Direct Band Gap
Authors: Adam Tijjani , Dhahi Th. S. , Rosli K. A , Jaafar Muhammed , Jaafar Rand , Husin M. F. C , Hashim M.N , Rejab MRA 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Today, the challenges of getting fast switching semiconductor device based device is the phonon generation mechanism for light-emitting by device such as diodes. The increase in efficiency of the device determine by the green light part of the emitted light spectrum. Silicon nanowire growth in the direction of 110 structure has indirect band gap, which tremendously improved the green emission efficiency at the lower Nano regime. Several band structure calculations have be predicted direct band for 110 growth silicon nanowire. Thus, the study report the fabrication of silicon nanowires with diameter between 20 to 50nm which demonstrate the direct nature of the band gap. A strong photoluminescence at wave spectrum of 597 nm with micro-second lifetime indicating it direct band gap. This study have demonstrated new nanostructure engineering based on silicon nanowire orientation which will allow new ways getting silicon nanowire functionality.
Effect of heat sink design on the thermal characteristic in computational fluid dynamics analysis
Authors: Khor C Y , Nawi M A M , Ishak Muhammad Ikman , Kee W C , Rosli M U , Jamalludin Mohd Riduan , Ahmad Termizi S N A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The thermal management in the electronic device or system using the heat sink is important to ensure the device or system operating under the allowable temperature. The present study aims to investigate the thermal characteristic (i.e., temperature distribution) of the various heat sink designs via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The electronic cooling process of the heat sink is carried out via CFD software. The temperature distribution of the various heat sink designs (i.e., plate fin, circular pin fin and rectangular fin) was analyzed and compared. The CFD analysis revealed the plate fin heat sink has lowest temperature distribution on the fin region. High temperature distribution was observed on the pin fin heat sink. The non-uniform temperature distribution was attributed by the direction of inlet airflow, whereas the low temperature was found in the region that close to the inlet airflow. Thus, the research findings indicated the design of heat sink significantly affects the temperature distribution during the electronic cooling process.
Shrinkage optimisation on the 3D printed part using Full Factorial Design (FFD) optimisation approach
Authors: Haidiezul A H M , Hazwan M H M , Lee Woon Soon , Gunalan  , Najihah Nur Fatin , Fadhli Izzul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Quality and productivity are both important in 3D printing products and processes. However, it is quite challenging to control the quality and productivity of each product due to several parameters involved in this additive manufacturing process. Most of the parameter settings depend on trial and error techniques which consume a lot of time and material waste. Therefore, in this study, the application of optimization approach which is Full Factorial Design (FFD) approach which has been employed on 3D printed housing part made from Polylactic Acid (PLA) which were printed using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printer to minimize shrinkage on the 3D printed parts. Based on the optimization work, the results showed the performance of FFD approach provides a good dimensional accuracy compared to the drawing specification for the printed part. Therefore, this research provides beneficial scientific knowledge and alternative solution for the additive manufacturing process in industries application to enhance the quality of the 3D printed parts produced using FDM 3D printer machine.
Turning experiment of Ti-6Al-4V by using uncoated carbide insert
Authors: Mahazer Muhamad Fitri , Zakaria M S , Ahmad Masniezam , Shahbani Akmal Faris 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V is widely being used in the blades, discs, rings, airframes, fasteners, components, vessels, cases, hubs, forgings and biomedical implants. Nevertheless, the properties of titanium alloys which are low thermal conductivity, low modulus of elasticity and high chemical activity cause it very difficult to machine. Excessive elevated temperature due to low thermal conductivity of these alloys make it favorable for tool wear. In this paper, an experiment using orthogonal array L4 is conducted to explore the effect of cutting parameters e.g. cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate in terms of surface roughness and tool wear. The cutting tool uncoated carbide is used in performing orthogonal cutting of Ti-6Al-4V in this study. It is found low cutting speed, feed rate and high depth of cut is favourable in producing good Ra and minimum flank wear.
Khaya senegalensis and Leucaena leucocephala; Malaysian dedicated energy crop potential species
Authors: Abdul Rahman Adli Azimi , Ismail Ras Izzati , Shaari Abdul Razak , Rukunudin Ibni Hajar , Zulkepli Nik Noriman 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dedicated energy crop (DEC) serves as a highly promising feedstock for heat and power apart from wastes. Established DEC plant species which include poplar, willow and eucalyptus possess special criteria such as fast growing, high biomass production per unit land area and can be planned in production. Locally available plants such as Leucaena leucocephala and Khaya senegalensis are identified among potential species which can be developed as our own DEC. Therefore, this research was conducted to assess the potential of Khaya senegalensis and Leucaena leucocephala as energy crop. Proximate analysis was executed to establish some important quality of the biomass sample which were moisture content, volatile matters, ash content, and carbon content. Biomass sample was then pelletized and subjected to density and durability testing to evaluate the pellet quality produced. Interestingly, it was found that Khaya senegalensis and Leucaena leucocephala biomass have strong potential to be industrialised as our own dedicated energy crops. The calorific value of both biomass are as good as other established energy crops thereby enlisting these two plant species as Malaysian energy crop.
Responsibility of the bus operator in terms of safety and health: A Malaysian case study
Authors: Singh S S K , Abdullah S , Azman A H , Nasir N N M , Yazid M R M , Hishamuddin H , Ghopa W A W , Ariffin A K , Wahab D A , Shahrir A H , Azhar A , Solah M S 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the bus agencies perspective towards the express bus safety based on the bus maintenance and safety factors to reduce the road accidents in Malaysia. Express buses were scored the highest percentage in bus accident cases primarily owning to the driver negligence. This survey was conducted among 34 respondents working with the bus agencies. The respondents composed of the employees in administration and management positions of the companies. The questionnaires were developed based on the five-point Likert Scale to assess the safety perception of express buses. The questionnaires have a high reliability of Alpha Cronbach’s score at 0.9362 in safety aspects. In the aspect of management commitment, the Alpha Cronbach’s score is 0.6479 and 0.6061 was recorded in the aspect of suggestion improvement. In term of improvement suggestion, 94.12% of respondents were satisfied with the decision of bus agencies to improve the safety and health aspects of the company drivers and employees. Furthermore, 91.18% agreed with the bus agencies to use the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems in order to monitor and manage the safety of buses during service period. Hence, effective safety protocols such as drivers monitoring system must be implemented by responsible agencies to mitigate the careless behaviours of drivers and improve the safety of buses.
The investigation of stability of wheeled vehicle model in curved sections of overpass
Authors: Yefymenko A , Verbitskii V , Khrebet V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It deals with the reassignment of vertical and transverse reactions of wheel assembly of monorail vehicle. Characteristics of force interaction of monorail wheels with overhead road surface at passage in curved sections of overpass were investigated. Also it was determined the intervals of vertical stiffness of bearing wheels and transverse stiffness of guide wheels with the safety movement of monorail vehicle.
Determining the criteria and the degree of the stratification of the air-fuel charge in a cylinder of a spark-ignition engine during injecting fuel
Authors: Korohodskyi V , Voronkov A , Migal V , Nikitchenko I , Zenkin E , Rublov V , Rudenko N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In internal combustion engines with spark ignition and the direct fuel injection, the indicators are offered to evaluate the organization of the working process in the form of a criterion for the stratification of the air-fuel charge and the degree of stratification of the air-fuel mixture. Using the experimental data of a two-stroke engine with spark ignition and the direct injection of fuel with load characteristics, the values of the excess air coefficient in a cylinder and in the volume of the air-fuel mixture are determined. A comparative assessment of the suggested indicators in the organization of the workflow with the stratification of depleted fuel-air charge is presented. It has been defined that a more promising way of organizing the workflow to improve the fuel and economic performance of a spark ignition engine is organizing the fuel injection with the stratification of a depleted air-fuel charge.
Aspect of repeatability in Real Driving Emissions tests regarding to velocity profile
Authors: Matla J. , Sitnik L. J. , Sroka Z. J. , Włostowski R. M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Relatively large results discrepancies observed in vehicles emission tests became a reason for change of test procedure. The New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) test was replaced by more dynamic Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) on September 2017, however it occurred that emissions obtained in WLTP are still far from real ones. Due to that fact a new Real Driving Emissions (RDE) test was introduced in order to complement WLTP. RDE testing involves emissions measurement while vehicle being driven in real traffic conditions which is the biggest difference from previous tests conducted on chassis dynamometer. Because of that it is suspected that repeatability of RDE tests is significantly lower than in case of WLTP or even does not have to appear. Subject of authors investigation was evaluation of RDE tests repeatability. It included portable emission measuring system (PEMS) installation on vehicle and six test runs along test route designed in accordance with European Commission requirements. Results were then compared regarding to velocity profile of vehicle. Performed analysis involved statistical distribution of velocity profiles and their kurtosis and skewness comparison. It was found that tests repeatability occurs for some velocity ranges, however it is not satisfactory. Conclusions present the concept of further research on this problem.
Determination of the stages of the injection process for Common Rail injectors using vibration pulses
Authors: Belchev Sergey , Ivanov Zdravko , Uzuntonev Trifon , Mihaylov Veselin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The study and modeling of the combustion process of diesel engines require knowledge of the injection characteristics. The information on the exact start, duration and end of the injection is required. For Common Rail injectors with electromagnetic control, the beginning and duration of the electronic control pulse are precisely known. The actual start and duration of the injection are not the same as those of the impulse and they are related to the movement of the nozzle needle. The experimental determination of the movement of the nozzle needle requires specially prepared experimental installations and expensive measuring instruments. In addition, the experimental injector must be prepared with design modifications allowing the incorporation of sensors. The article presents a method for determining the start and duration of injection of Common Rail injectors using the registration and analysis of vibration pulses generated in the injector body. The method is based on the fact that the nozzle needle causes vibrations in the injector body when lifting and seating.
Brake efficiency determination of light vehicles
Authors: Dimitrov R D , Ivanov D Z 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The present paper presents a study whose objective is to determine the brake deceleration of two classes light vehicles - class A is vehicles with weight up to 1350kg, class B is vehicles with weight up to 1000kg. The vehicles of both classes are equipped with ABS system. The measurements are made with commercial device BRAKESAFE. Measured parameters are vehicle speed, stopping distance and total time to stop. The vehicles were tested under varying conditions: with ABS system activated or deactivated; tires at different stage of wear. The obtained results are analyzed and conclusions are made about measured brake parameters under all conditions.
Simple Classification of the Alzheimer’s Severity in Supporting Strengthening the Diagnosis of Patients based on ROC Diagram
Authors: Supriyanti Retno , Subhi Ays Rahmadhani , Ashari Egi Julian , Ahmad Fathoni , Ramadhani Yogi , Widodo Haris B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia and accounts for 60-80 percent of all cases of dementia. Dementia is a brain disorder that results in the loss of one’s intellectual and social abilities. Progressive disease is one characteristic of this disease that interferes with a person’s mental functions, such as memory and behavior. Experts believe that Alzheimer’s disease interferes with part of the cell factory so that it does not go well. These scientists are not sure how this problem started, but like a real factory, backups, and disruptions in one system cause problems in other areas. When damage spreads, cells lose the ability to do work and eventually die, causing changes in the brain that cannot be changed. At present, the Conventional diagnosis of the severity of Alzheimer’s is still carrying. The main objective of our research is to develop a Computer-Aided Diagnosis tool in the classification of the severity of Alzheimer’s. This paper will discuss optimizing the use of the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) parameter in identifying the severity of Alzheimer’s. The main objective of this research is the development of automated Alzheimer’s diagnoses in developing countries and rural areas that have limited health facilities and human resources. So even though the method used is relatively simple, it is proven to have a high level of accuracy above 90%. These results indicate that the use of this method has very promising results to be applied in developing countries and rural areas.
Study of Linear Discriminant Analysis to Identify Baby Cry Based on DWT and MFCC
Authors: Novamizanti Ledya , Prasasti Anggunmeka Luhur , Utama Bangun Satria 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Baby crying is a common behavior among babies and is a means of verbal communication for babies who express their needs and desires. A baby’s cry identification system is needed because it makes it easy for adults to find out the meaning of a baby’s cry. This study proposes a system for classifying infant crying sounds using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) as a feature extraction method. Based on experiments, the system can identify the sound of crying babies grouped into 5 (five) classes, namely discomfort, hunger, colds, burp, and drowsiness. The system achieves an accuracy of 94% and an average computing time of 1.5506 seconds. The performance of Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) outperformed Principal Component Analysis (LDA) in the identification of crying babies
Design of 1 kW Buck-Boost Chopper with PI Control for Photovoltaic Power Conversion
Authors: Suroso  , Winasis  , Priswanto  , Purnama Ignatius Daniel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The design of a 1 kW buck-boost chopper with proportional-integral (PI) control is presented and discussed in this paper. The buck-boost chopper was proposed as a photovoltaic power converter to achieve a stable dc output voltage. In the design, the circuits employed IGBT power switch to function the PWM control signals to adjust the chopper’s output voltage. The circuits were tested to investigate the output waveform set at 24 V from various dc input voltage values. The chopper circuits were connected to ten solar PV modules with a total capacity of 1 kW. Simulation test results confirmed that the system was able to output 24 dc voltage with output current about 41 A. Furthermore, a prototype of the buck-boost chopper was set up and tested. The circuits worked well to output a stable 24 V DC voltage from PV output voltage varied 15 V-32 V.
Performance Comparison of File Transfer Protocol Service Between Link State and Distance Vector Routing Protocol in Software Defined Network
Authors: Tulloh Rohmat , Amri Ginting Jafaruddin Gusti , Mulyana Asep , Lutfi Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Software-Defined Network (SDN) is a new concept in computer networks where the network control function is separated from the data forwarding function (data plane). The control plane and data plane which are separated from each other is the answer for faster, more flexible, and secure internet service. File transfer protocol (FTP) is an internet protocol that runs at the application layer that is used to exchange data between server and client. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol for internet networks that belongs to the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) group and uses the Link State Routing algorithm (LSR). Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a type of Distance Vector Routing protocol that is still used today. This study aims to compare the performance of FTP services using OSPF and RIP on SDN networks and conventional networks. The research was conducted with direct implementation on the device with a planned topology. The measurement results show that FTP using OSPF routing has better results than using RIP. FTP that runs on SDN also has a better quality of service value compared to conventional networks.
Performance analysis of erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and hybrid optical amplifier in NG-PON2 based on TWDM-PON system
Authors: Aryandhika Rafiendra Bagas , Isnawati Anggun Fitrian , Zulherman Dodi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
One of the milestones in the optical access network evolution is the Next-Generation Passive Optical Network Stage 2 (NG-PON2) that has 40 Gbps as minimum upstream/downstream capacity. The optical amplifiers have to implement to combat the power degradation in the transmission line. This research aims to analyze the performance of EDFA boosters and hybrid optical amplifiers, which are implemented on TWDM-PON systems based on NG-PON2. Our work used 80 Gbps data speed, which each channel had 10 Gbps on eight channels with a channel space of 100 GHz. The optical link used in this simulation was 60 km with the Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and Hybrid Optical Amplifier (HOA). The performance analysis is based on the variation of ONU and amplifier. Based on the results, the best value in the downstream is the transmission line using EDFA with the received power of - 19.184 dBm, Q Factor of 7.975, and BER of 5.852 x 10−16. In upstream transmission, the best value obtained was a hybrid optical amplifier with a received power value of 9.025 dBm, Q Factor of 69.64, and BER of 0. The optical amplifier increased the system performance when implemented on TWDM-PON systems based on NG-PON2.
FEMA 310 Tier 1 seismic evaluation of existing building: A case study of a 7-story academic RC building of Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia
Authors: Haryanto Yanuar , Hu Hsuan-Teh , Widyaningrum Arnie , Alfidiah Esya , Hidayat Banu Ardi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A need to predict the seismic vulnerability of current buildings has led to a heightened interest in study that deals with seismic vulnerability assessment methods. The easiest and fastest method, known as a walk-down survey or a street survey, involves just the superficial information accumulated during a short inspection of a building. This paper picks a fairly new seven-story academic building made of reinforced concrete (RC) located at the Jenderal Soedriman University in Purwokerto, Indonesia, which was designed in 2015 using construction details illustrative of that exact period, for FEMA 310 Tier 1 assessment in the context of Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE). Mandatory checklists as a role of the region of seismicity and the building’s level of performance are done. The outcomes after a procedure projected the building in the case-study demonstrated a range of possible flaws and seismic vulnerability. Therefore, detailed comprehensive evaluation is intensely endorsed.
Impact of Land Use Land Cover Changes on River Discharge at Brantas Catchment Area using SHETRAN Model
Authors: Suroso  , Krishna Kharisma Panji , Santoso Purwanto Bekti 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Changes in land use need to be assessed for future needs. One of them is in efforts to mitigate natural disasters. This research goal is analyzed the correlation between changes in land use land cover on the discharge in the river, in the range between 2001–2017. This research located at Brantas watershed, which is the largest watershed in East Java. It has an area of approximately 11,988 km2. There are 24 million people who occupy this area and this is one of the national strategic watersheds. SHETRAN is modeling that is based on physical distribution. Reviewing spatial aspects, hydrological and climate data makes SHETRAN is comprehensive model. The method used is to combine input data of the digital elevation model, evaporation rate, rainfall data, land use land cover data, and soil properties classified using the British system. The results obtained for land use, the biggest change is for the grass area which increased by 80.49%, the forest area increased by 22.37%. As for river discharge, modeling results indicate that river flow rates upstream range 6–30 compare to downstream is between 1200–2200 meters3/second.
Utilization of Mendong Plant Activated Charcoal as SO2 Gas Adsorbent: Preliminary Study
Authors: Ashadi Ashadi , Arabbani Finly Khoirunnisa’ , Indriyanti Nurma Yunita , Saputro Sulistyo , Mahardiani Lina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study aims to find alternative low-cost, easy and environmental-friendly adsorbent materials to eliminate SO2 gas, by utilizing Mendong plants as activated charcoal. Therefore, need to know the ability of this low-cost adsorbent in term of optimum concentration, adsorption efficiency, and the adsorption capacity of the charcoal to eliminate SO2. Mendong plants were prepared with a modified tool and macerated with ZnCl2 2.5% (w/v) for 24 hours. Then, the adsorption process with artificial SO2 waste was conducted for 1 hour. UV-Vis Spectrophotometer was used to determine the gas concentration. The results showed that the highest concentration of absorbed SO2 gas (Ct) is at the initial gas concentration 4.4006 µg/mL (mass Na2S2O3 0.015 g), with 3.008 µg/mL of gas is absorbed. The gas adsorption efficiency is 70.53% at the variation of initial gas concentration of 4.1400 µg/mL. While, the adsorption capacity of activated ZnCl2-Mendong stem charcoal is 92.1123 (µg/g). The results of the characterization by FTIR showed that the Mendong plant ZnCl2- activated charcoal is polar and aromatic, verified by the absorbance of hydroxyl group and aromatic skleleton of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.