bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study protocol for a cluster-randomized split-plot design trial to assess the effectiveness of targeted active malaria case detection among high-risk populations in Southern Lao PDR (the AcME-Lao study)
Authors: Lover Andrew A. , Dantzer Emily , Hocini Sophia , Estera Ronaldo , Rerolle Francois , Smith Jennifer L. , Hwang Jimee , Gosling Roly , Yukich Joshua , Greenhouse Bryan , Jacobson Jerry , Phetsouvanh Rattanaxay , Hongvanthong Bouasy , Bennett Adam 
Published: December 2019

Introduction:Novel interventions are needed to accelerate malaria elimination, especially in areas where asymptomatic parasitemia is common, and where transmission generally occurs outside of village-based settings. Testing of community members linked to a person with clinical illness (reactive case detection, RACD) has not shown effectiveness in prior studies due to the limited sensitivity of current point-of-care tests. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of active case finding in village-based and forested-based settings using novel high-sensitivity rapid diagnostic tests in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR).Methods and analysis:This study is a cluster-randomized split-plot design trial. The interventions include village-based mass test and treat (MTAT), focal test and treat in high-risk populations (FTAT), and the combination of these approaches, using high-sensitivity rapid diagnostic tests (HS-RDTs) to assesP. falciparuminfection status. Within four districts in Champasak province, Lao PDR fourteen health center-catchment areas will be randomized to either FTAT or control; and within these HCCAs, 56 villages will be randomized to either MTAT or control. In intervention areas, FTAT will be conducted by community-based peer navigators on a routine basis, and three separate rounds of MTAT are planned. The primary study outcome will be PCR-basedPlasmodium falciparumprevalence after one year of implementation. Secondary outcomes include malaria incidence; interventional coverage; operational feasibility and acceptability; and cost and cost- effectiveness.Ethics and dissemination:Findings will be reported on clinicaltrials.gov, in peer-reviewed publications and through stakeholder meetings with Ministry of Health and community leaders in Lao PDR and throughout the Greater Mekong Subregion.Trial registration:clinicaltrials.govNCT03783299(21/12/2018)
INFORMAÇÃO PARA E PELOS SURDOS: SOBRE TRANSMISSÃO AUDIOVISUAL EM LIBRAS E DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CRITICIDADE
Authors: Carvalho Jaciara Sá , Brito Rita de Cássia Martins da Costa 
Published: December 2019

Resumo: Cerca de 5% da população brasileira possui algum grau de perda de audição (IBGE, 2010). São dez milhões de brasileiros com dificuldades de acesso às informações sobre as realidades de seu país e do mundo, ao conhecimento sistematizado pelas ciências etc. Alguns programas audiovisuais recorrem a legendas em Português e/ou intérpretes da Língua Brasileira de Sinais – Libras, atuando nas chamadas “janelinhas”, sendo exceção os produzidos por profissionais surdos e apresentados por eles em primeiro plano na tela. Sob tal contexto de discussão, e partindo da premissa da formação humana ao longo da vida, este artigo apresenta uma problematização acerca das diferenças entre a transmissão de informações por surdos e por intérpretes a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica. O trabalho sugere que uma informação transmitida de surdo para surdo, em audiovisuais, estaria mais próxima ao conteúdo original da mensagem e ao universo linguístico e cultural das comunidades Surdas. Também expõe uma reflexão sobre a necessidade de ampliação do repertório informacional para o desenvolvimento (permanente) da consciência crítica (FREIRE, 1979) pelos surdos que anseiam “ser mais”.Palavras-chave: Surdez. Libras. Acesso à informação. Abstract: About 5% of the Brazilian population has some degree of hearing loss (IBGE, 2010). There are ten million Brazilians who have difficulty accessing information about the realities of their country and of the world, knowledge drawn up by the sciences, etc. Some audiovisual programs use Portuguese subtitles and/or Brazilian Sign Language interpreters (Libras) acting in their little "windows" as they are called, with the exception of those produced by deaf professionals and presented to them in the foreground of the screen. Under this context of discussion, and based on the premise of human lifelong training, this article presents an examination of the differences between the transmission of information by deaf people and by interpreters, based on bibliographic research. The paper points out that information transmitted from deaf to deaf in audiovisuals would be closer to the original content of the message, and to the linguistic and cultural universe of the deaf community. It also presents a reflection on the need to expand the informational repertoire for the (permanent) development of critical consciousness (FREIRE, 1979) by deaf people who yearn to "be more."Keywords: Deafness. Libras. Access to information.
Determination of copper in whole blood by differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry
Authors: Attar Tarik , Harek Yahia , Larabi Lahcene 
Published: December 2019

Â A selective and sensitive method for determination of copper in blood by adsorptive differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry is presented. The method is based on adsorptive accumulation of the complexes of Cu (II) ions with benzenesulfonyl hydrazide onto hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE), followed by the reduction of the adsorbed species by differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry. The effect of various parameters such as supporting electrolyte, concentration of benzenesulfonyl hydrazide, accumulation potential, accumulation time and stirring rate on the selectivity and sensitivity were studied. The optimum conditions for determination of copper include perchloric acid 0.03 M, concentration of benzenesulfonyl hydrazide 7.5Ã—10-5 M, the accumulation potential of -350 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl), the accumulation time of 50 s, and the scan rate of 50 mV s-1. Under optimized conditions, linear calibration curves were established for the concentration of Cu (II) in the range of 0.62-275 ng mL-1, with detection limit of 0.186 ng mL-1 for Cu (II). The procedure was successfully applied to the determination of copper ion in whole blood samples.
Enhanced p-CuI/n-ZnO photodetector based on thermal evaporated CuI and pulsed laser deposited ZnO nanowires
Authors: Niu Songren , Zhao Fengzhou , Hang Yu , Wang Cheng , Xin Lianjie , Zhang Menglong , Xu Man , Zhang Dengying , Chu Xinbo , Zhang Lichun 
Published: December 2019

The p-CuI/n-ZnO heterojunction photodetectors have been fabricated by thermal evaporation technique and pulsed laser deposition with a tubular furnace. The morphology, structure, and the light response performances of the device were investigated. The p-CuI/n-ZnO heterojunction photodetectors demonstrated a high on/off ratio of 5500, high peak responsivity of 0.235 A/W, and high specific detectivity of

1.23

×

10

12

c
m
H
z

1

/

2

/

W

at

−

5

V

bias voltage under 385 nm light illumination. Furthermore, the p-CuI/n-ZnO heterojunction photodetectors exhibited excellent reproducibility and stability.
Carbon dioxide absorption spectroscopy with a mid-infrared silicon photonic waveguide
Authors: Ottonello-Briano Floria , Errando-Herranz Carlos , Rödjegård Henrik , Martin Hans , Sohlström Hans , Gylfason Kristinn B. 
Published: December 2019

Carbon dioxide (

C
O

2

) is a gas vital for life on Earth.
It is also a waste product of human activities and is widely used in
agriculture and industry. Its accurate sensing is therefore of great
interest. Optical sensors exploiting the mid-infrared light absorption
of

C
O

2

provide high selectivity, but their
large size and high cost limit their use. In this Letter, we
demonstrate

C
O

2

gas sensing at 4.2 µm wavelength
using an integrated silicon waveguide, featuring a sensitivity to

C
O

2

of 44% that of free-space sensing.
The suspended waveguide is fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator
substrate by a single-lithography-step process, and we route it into a
mid-infrared photonic circuit for on-chip-referenced gas measurements.
Its demonstrated performance and its simple and scalable fabrication
make our waveguide ideal for integration in miniaturized

C
O

2

sensors for distributed
environmental monitoring, personal safety, and medical and high-volume
consumer applications.
Orientation-dependent optic-fiber accelerometer based on excessively tilted fiber grating
Authors: Xie Lang , Luo Binbin , Zhao Mingfu , Deng Ou , Liu Enhua , Liu Peng , Wang Yajie , Zhang Lin 
Published: December 2019

An orientation-dependent optic-fiber accelerometer based on the excessively tilted fiber grating (ExTFG) inscribed in SM28 fiber is demonstrated, which is based on the optical power demodulation scheme. Without any complicated processing, the cladding mode resonances of the bare ExTFG show high sensitivity to slight perturbation of bending. Due to its excellent azimuth-related bending properties, such a bare ExTFG fixed on a simple cantilever beam has exhibited strong orientation-dependent vibration properties. The experimental results show that a TE mode of the sensor can provide a maximum acceleration sensitivity of 74.14 mV/g at 72 Hz and maximum orientation sensitivity of 9.1 mV/deg while, for a TM mode, a maximum acceleration sensitivity of 57.85 mV/g at 72 Hz and maximum orientation sensitivity of 7.4 mV/deg could be achieved. These unique properties enable the sensor to act as a vector accelerometer for applications in many vibration measurement fields.
Urban residency and leukocyte profiles in a traditionally migratory songbird
Authors: Becker Daniel J. , Schultz Elizabeth M. , Atwell Jonathan W. , Ketterson Ellen D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Many animals are shifting migrations in response to human activities. In particular, human-induced changes to climate and habitat (e.g., urbanization) likely facilitate animals becoming year-round residents. Because migration can be energetically expensive, shifts to sedentary behavior could minimize energetic demands incurred and any immunosuppressive effects. Residency in urban habitats could also provide abundant resources and allow sedentary animals to invest more in immunity. However, urban habitats could also expose sedentary animals to novel stressors that counter such benefits. To examine how recent shifts to residency affects physiology in ways that may shape infectious disease dynamics, we analyzed leukocyte profiles of two dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis) populations from southern California: the Laguna Mountain population, in which birds breed in high-elevation forests and migrate altitudinally, and the urban University of California San Diego population, which was likely established by overwintering migrants in the 1980s and has since become non-migratory. Over a two-year study of each population’s breeding season, we found no difference in the ratios of heterophils to lymphocytes between populations. However, urban residents had more leukocytes than birds from the altitudinal migrant population. A multivariate analysis suggested urban residents had fewer monocytes, but effect sizes were small. These results suggest no differences in energy demands or stressors between urban resident and altitudinal migrant populations during their breeding season. However, urban residency may confer immunological benefits through anthropogenic resources, which could have important consequences for disease dynamics..
Haemosporidian parasites and leukocyte profiles of pre-migratory rosy starlings (Pastor roseus) brought into captivity
Authors: Dimitrov Dimitar , Marinov Martin P. , Bobeva Aneliya , Ilieva Mihaela , Bedev Kiril , Atanasov Teodor , Zehtindjiev Pavel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Immune response to pathogens such as avian malaria (Plasmodium spp.) and related haemosporidian parasites (Haemoproteus spp. and Leucocytozoon spp.) can lead to increases in energy demands of birds. Migrations are energetically costly for birds and require resources that could be otherwise invested in immune defence against pathogens. Here, we examined the prevalence and intensity of haemosporidian parasites (Apicomplexa, Haemosporida) in rosy starlings (Pastor roseus), an irruptive migrant on the Balkans, during their pre-migratory period. We further evaluated if these infections affected the stress levels of birds brought into overnight captivity, using leukocyte profiles (ratios of heterophils to lymphocytes, or H/L ratios). Haemosporidian parasites were detected based on microscopic examination, PCR and sequencing. We found high prevalence of haemosporidian parasites (83.9%) in rosy starlings (n=31), with predominant infections of Haemoproteus pastoris (cytochrome b lineage LAMPUR01) (80.1%). All birds had high heterophil/lymphocyte ratios (mean = 3.86), indicating the transition to captivity was stressful. However, there was no added stress from blood parasite infection during captivity, since infected birds did not have significantly higher heterophil/lymphocyte ratios than uninfected birds, despite all birds facing the same stress conditions. There was a negative correlation between intensity of H. pastoris and monocyte proportions, which may indicate an association with infection, or an artefact of the stress-induced shift in leukocyte profile following captivity. Our findings suggest that blood parasites have minimal additional impact on rosy starlings during an acute stress scenario (overnight captivity), arguing that they carry little cost to the energetically challenging migratory flight.
Near-field spectrum retrieving through non-degenerate coupling emission
Authors: Chen Yikai , Shen Zhonghua 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present a scheme to retrieve the initial spectrum of probe molecules in the near field. This is achieved by replacing conventional glass substrates with a hybrid mode photonics chip to create rich and persistent mode distributions and by observing the far-field scattering pattern. The manner of coupling from near field to far field is confirmed by the calculated dependence of the coupled emission signal on the unique material properties. By using an optimization algorithm to retrieve the intensity ratio of near-field optical signals in each frequency band gradually without the need for complicated instruments and time-consuming acquisition processes, our method can achieve broadband non-distortion spectral analysis in an enhanced optical antenna by selecting substrate parameters.
The United Kingdom's first NHS Endobarrier service for advanced diabesity: 1-year outcomes for all 62 treated patients
Authors: Ryder Robert EJ , Irwin Susan P , Burbridge Wyn , Gandhi Hardeep , Bashir Tahira , Allden Rachael A , Wilson Mordel , Wyres Melanie , Cull Melissa , Yadagiri Mahi , Bleasdale John P , Fogden Edward N , Anderson Mark R , Sen Gupta Piya 
Published: December 2019

Aims: EndoBarrier is a 60 cm proximal intestinal liner, endoscopically implanted for up to 1 year, designed to mimic the bypass aspect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. We aimed to assess its safety and efficacy in patients with advanced diabesity.Methods: Since October 2014 we have implanted 62 Endo-Barriers in our NHS service. By November 2018 all were explanted. Outcomes were monitored in a registry.Results: In 61 of the 62 patients (98.4%) (age 51.4±7.2 years, 54.1% male, 57.4% Europid, diabetes duration 12.0 (8.0–19.5) years, 57.4% insulin-treated, BMI 41.9±7.4 kg/m2) with implant and explant data, mean±SD HbA1c fell by 23.7±21.4 mmol/mol from 80.2±22.5 to 56.5±11.5 mmol/mol (p<0.001), weight fell by 15.9±8.5 kg from 122.6±27.9 to 106.7±28.9 kg (p<0.001), systolic blood pressure from 138.5±15.0 to 125.8±14.6 mmHg (p<0.001), cholesterol from 4.7±1.4 to 3.9±0.9 mmol/L (p<0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (a marker for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) from 33.2±19.8 to 19.5±11.4 U/L (p<0.001). In the 35 insulin-treated patients, median (IQR) insulin dose reduced from 100 (54–140) to 40 (0–70) units (p<0.001), with 10/35 (28.6%) discontinuing insulin. There were significant falls (UKPDS Risk Engine v2) in the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, suggesting that EndoBarrier treatment in 100 such patients could prevent 8 events of CHD or stroke and save 6 lives over the 10 years. Ten of the 62 patients (16%) required early removal (4 for gastrointestinal haemorrhage, 2 for liver abscess, 1 for another intra-abdominal abscess and 3 for gastrointestinal symptoms). All made a full recovery following device removal and most derived benefit despite early removal.Conclusion: EndoBarrier was highly effective in this setting in patients with advanced diabetes and obesity. Given the high cardiovascular and microvascular risk of these patients, benefits might outweigh risks. As an endoscopic procedure it is relatively simple and non-invasive. Early removal rates require monitoring and there needs to be increased focus on preventing complications but, on balance, EndoBarrier deserves further investigation as a potential treatment for wider use.
Genetic Analysis of the Transition from Wild to Domesticated Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.)
Authors: Grover Corrinne E , Yoo Mi-Jeong , Lin Meng , Murphy Matthew D , Harker David B , Byers Robert L , Lipka Alexander E , Hu Guanjing , Yuan Daojun , Conover Justin L , Udall Joshua A , Paterson Andrew H , Gore Michael A , Wendel Jonathan F 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe evolution and domestication of cotton is of great interest from both economic and evolutionary standpoints. Although many genetic and genomic resources have been generated for cotton, the genetic underpinnings of the transition from wild to domesticated cotton remain poorly known. Here we generated an intraspecific QTL mapping population specifically targeting domesticated cotton phenotypes. We used 466 F2 individuals derived from an intraspecific cross between the wild Gossypium hirsutum var. yucatanense (TX2094) and the elite cultivar G. hirsutum cv. Acala Maxxa, in two environments, to identify 120 QTL associated with phenotypic changes under domestication. While the number of QTL recovered in each subpopulation was similar, only 22 QTL were considered coincident (i.e., shared) between the two locations, eight of which shared peak markers. Although approximately half of QTL were located in the A-subgenome, many key fiber QTL were detected in the D-subgenome, which was derived from a species with unspinnable fiber. We found that many QTL are environment-specific, with few shared between the two environments, indicating that QTL associated with G. hirsutum domestication are genomically clustered but environmentally labile. Possible candidate genes were recovered and are discussed in the context of the phenotype. We conclude that the evolutionary forces that shape intraspecific divergence and domestication in cotton are complex, and that phenotypic transformations likely involved multiple interacting and environmentally responsive factors.
Evaluation of Serious Postmarket Safety Signals Within 2 Years of FDA Approval for New Cancer Drugs
Authors: Kim Janice , Nair Abhilasha , Keegan Patricia , Beaver Julia A. , Kluetz Paul G. , Pazdur Richard , Chuk Meredith , Blumenthal Gideon M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
We examined how often new serious safety signals were identified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration within the first 2 years after approval for new molecular entities (NMEs) for treatment of cancer that required specific regulatory actions described here.

Methods
We identified, for all NMEs approved for treatment of cancer or malignant hematology indications between 2010 and 2016, substantial safety-related changes within the first 2 years after approval, which included a new Boxed Warning or Warning and Precaution; requirement for (or modification of existing) Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS); and withdrawal from the market because of safety concerns.

Results
Fifty-five NMEs were approved between 2010 and 2016: 32 (58%) under regular approval (RA) and 23 (42%) under accelerated approval (AA). Of these 55 NMEs, 9 (16%) had substantial safety-related changes after approval. Across all 55 NMEs, one was temporarily withdrawn from the market for safety reasons (1.8%); one (1.8%) required a new REMS; nine required labeling revisions—new Boxed Warnings were required for two NMEs (3.6%), and new Warnings and Precautions subsections were required for eight (14.6%). One drug (ponatinib) was responsible for several of the substantial safety-related changes (withdrawal, REMS, Boxed Warnings). One of 32 NMEs approved under RA required a new Warning and Precaution, whereas 7 of 23 NMEs approved under AA had substantial safety-related changes in the first 2 years after approval.

Conclusion
Based on our analysis we conclude that although there was a greater incidence of substantial safety-related changes to AA drugs versus RA drugs, the majority of these were changes to the Warnings and Precautions and did not substantially alter the benefit-risk profile of the drug.
Türkiye’de Kentsel Dönüşümün Uygulayıcı Aktörleri ve Yaptıkları Çalışmaların Sayısal Verileri
Authors: YILMAZ Onur 
Published: December 2019

Kentsel dönüşüm uygulamaları her ülkenin ihtiyaç duyduğu bir kentsel müdahale biçimidir. Kamu
idaresinin kentlerin fiziksel, ekonomik, sosyal sorunlarını çözmeyi ve kenti günün koşullarına uydurmayı
istemesi, kentsel dönüşümün başlıca bir kentsel müdahale yöntemi olmasını sağlamaktadır. Burada
önemli olan nokta, kentsel dönüşümün hangi yöntem ve boyutlarda uygulanacağının ülkeden ülkeye
ve hatta şehirden şehre değişmesidir. Dolayısıyla her ülkenin kendi sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik yapısı
kentsel dönüşümü şekillendirmektedir. Fakat bu süreçlerde kentsel dönüşümü uygulayan aktörler ön
plana çıkmaktadır. Söz konusu aktörlerin uygulamaları nasıl bir kentsel dönüşüm ortaya konulacağını
belirlemektedir. Konuyla ilgili olarak bu çalışma kapsamında Türkiye ölçeğinde kentsel dönüşümü uygulayan
aktörler hem dayandıkları yasal mevzuatlar hem de yaptıkları çalışmalar üzerinden açıklanmışlardır. Bu
çalışma ile amaçlanan, kentsel dönüşüm üzerine araştırma yapan taraflara derlenmiş veriler sunmaktır.
Dolayısıyla bir araştırma niteliği taşıyan bu çalışmada eleştirme, destekleme veya yorumlamaya yönelik bir
amaç güdülmemiş, sadece Türkiye ölçeğinde kentsel dönüşümün uygulayıcı aktörlerinin faaliyet sonuçları
sayısal olarak derlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda çalışmaya konu olan aktörler; belediyeler, halk, Çevre ve Şehircilik
Bakanlığı, Cumhurbaşkanlığı ve Toplu Konut İdaresi’dir. Bu aktörlerin yaptıkları çalışmaların sayısal verileri
derlenirken ilgili aktörlerin internet siteleri, Resmi Gazete ve Başbakanlık İletişim Merkezi’nden istifade
edilmiştir.