bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intact Behavioral Expression of Contextual Fear, Context Discrimination, and Object Discrimination Memories Acquired in the Absence of the Hippocampus
Authors: Gidyk Darryl C. , McDonald Robert J. , Sutherland Robert J. 
Published: December 2020

We test the hypothesis that the stability and precision of context and visual discrimination memories depend on interactions between the hippocampus (HPC) and other memory storage networks. In four experiments we tested the properties of memories acquired in the absence of the HPC. Long–Evans male rats were exclusively used in all experiments. Experiment 1 evaluated acquisition and retention of context fear memories in rats with prior partial or complete HPC damage. Confirming an earlier report (Zelikowsky et al., 2012) a very small but statistically reliable slowing in a single session of context fear conditioning was found after HPC damage. In contrast, retention of context fear memory was normal after HPC damage up to 30 d after learning. In experiment 2, we found that discrimination between a context paired with foot shocks and a different context never paired with foot shock was retained normally for 15 d. In experiment 3, we replicated the finding of intact context discrimination for at least 15 d in rats who display a significant impairment in acquisition of place learning in the Morris water task (MWT). In final experiment using an appetitive object discrimination task, we showed normal retention of the discrimination for at least 30 d after training in rats with complete HPC damage. These finding score against the idea that non HPC memory storage requires a period of interaction with HPC to establish a stable, precise memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTContrary to expectations from systems memory consolidation, we find that in the absence of a functional hippocampus (HPC) context and visual memories are formed rapidly and exhibit normal persistence and precision. The findings suggest that the HPC is not obligatory for these features of long-term memories.
Moving Developmental Research Online: Comparing In-Lab and Web-Based Studies of Model-Based Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Nussenbaum Kate , Scheuplein Maximilian , Phaneuf Camille V. , Evans Michael D. , Hartley Catherine A. 
Published: December 2020

For years, adult psychological research has benefitted from web-based data collection. There is growing interest in harnessing this approach to facilitate data collection from children and adolescents to address foundational questions about cognitive development. To date, however, few studies have directly tested whether findings from in-lab developmental psychology tasks can be replicated online, particularly in the domain of value-based learning and decision-making. To address this question, we set up a pipeline for online data collection with children, adolescents, and adults, and conducted a replication of Decker et al. (2016). The original in-lab study employed a sequential decision-making paradigm to examine shifts in value-learning strategies from childhood to adulthood. Here, we used the same paradigm in a sample of 151 children (N = 50; ages 8 - 12 years), adolescents (N = 50; ages 13 - 17 years), and adults (N = 51; ages 18 - 25 years) and replicated the main finding that the use of a “model-based” learning strategy increases with age. In addition, we adapted a new index of abstract reasoning (MaRs-IB; Chierchia et al. 2019) for use online, and replicated a key result from Potter et al. (2017), which found that abstract reasoning ability mediated the relation between age and model-based learning. Our re-analyses of two previous in-lab datasets alongside our analysis of our online dataset revealed few qualitative differences across task administrations. These findings suggest that with appropriate precautions, researchers can effectively examine developmental differences in learning computations through unmoderated, online experiments.
ДИАЛОГ В УПРАВЛЕНИИ УНИВЕРСИТЕТОМ В ИЗМЕНЯЮЩЕЙСЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ РЕАЛЬНОСТИ: СОЦИОСТРУКТУРНЫЕ И КОММУНИКАТИВНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ
Authors: Щербакова Лидия Ильинична 
Published: December 2020

Целью исследования является концептуализация социального диалога в системе управления современным университетом как специфической разновидности социальной коммуникации, механизма социальной консолидации и согласования интересов и действий основных субъектов образовательного процесса в условиях новой социальной реальности.Методологическая база исследования внутриуниверситетских социоструктурных и коммуникативных взаимодействий опирается на идеи П. Штомпки о социальных изменениях как процессе, влияющем на изменение структуры системы, то есть четырех сетей связей между элементами: взаимодействиями (интеракциями), интересами, нормами и идеями. Социальный диалог в образовательной системе рассмотрен как равноправное, свободное и продуктивное коммуникативное взаимодействие, имеющее своей целью сплоченность и солидаризацию всех субъектов образования на принципах партнерства, уважения, толерантности. Изменяющаяся социальная реальность как внешняя среда функционирования социального института высшего образования рассмотрена в контексте научных обобщений российских ученых, обращающих внимание на то, что современная социальная реальность является результатом объективизации субъективной деятельности человека, она развивается по собственным объективным законам и оказывает влияние на человека и природу в целом.Внутренняя университетская среда охарактеризована как особое социальное пространство, в котором каждый субъект образования описан на основе системы стратификационных координат, определяющих его социальное положение, главными из которыхявляются его властный, профессиональный и экономический статусы, уровень образования, семейное положение, национальность, происхождение и т. д.Результаты исследования заключаются в следующем: идентифицированы основные субъекты социального диалога университета, описаны тенденции трансформаций их интересов в изменяющейся социальной реальности. Социальный диалог как технология общения и механизм выявления социальных проблем и противоречий в социальном пространстве университета охарактеризован как ресурс повышения эффективности управления, социальной консолидации, стабильности и солидарности в коллективе.Дальнейшее исследование предполагает уточнение социокультурных регуляторов формирования мотивов, интересов субъектов образования в условиях трансформации института высшего образования и поиск форм социального диалога в реальной среде и онлайн-формате для повышения эффективности управления университетом в новой социальной реальности.
РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЬНОГО ЗОНИРОВАНИЯ В ГОРОДАХ ЮГА РОССИИ
Authors: Алиева Наталья Владимировна , Овчинникова Наталья Геннадьевна 
Published: December 2020

Целью исследования является выделение принципов рационального использования территорий посредством формирования комплексной системы взаимодействия градостроительного зонирования и градостроительной документации, исследование которой позволяет выделить особенности зонирования территорий, характерные для южного региона России.Методологическую базу исследования представляет анализ механизма градостроительного зонирования территории с учетом системных принципов рационального использования территории на базе нормативных правовых документов в сфере градостроительного зонирования различных уровней: Градостроительного кодекса РФ, Генерального плана и Правил землепользования и застройки.Результаты исследования. Система зонирования реализуется специальной технологией регулирования градостроительной деятельности, необходима и обязательна в условиях рыночной экономики, обращена на учет публичных и частных интересов разных групп населения по сравнению с интересами государства. Закономерность современного периода формирования отечественной системы градостроительного зонирования состоит в том, что функциональное зонирование генерального плана и градостроительное зонирование в составе правил землепользования и застройки, где устанавливаются градостроительные регламенты, должны быть разнесены по разным документам в силу их правового статуса.Перспективу исследования в соответствии с заявленной темой, направленной на исследование аспектов градостроительного зонирования городской среды, составляет анализ, направленный на разработку планировочных решений по организации развивающейся части территории.В представленной статье на основе выявленных принципов сформирована комплексная система взаимодействия градостроительного зонирования и градостроительной документации, исследование которой позволяет выделить особенности зонирования территорий, характерные для южного региона России.
ВЛИЯНИЕ КИНЕМАТОГРАФА НА СОЗДАНИЕ ОБРАЗА ГЕРОЯ НАШЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ В МОЛОДЁЖНОМ СЕГМЕНТЕ СОВРЕМЕННОГО РОССИЙСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА
Authors: Капанян Нина Николаевна 
Published: December 2020

Целью исследования является социокультурный анализ современного киноискусства, нацеленного на молодёжную аудиторию, и влияния, которое оно оказывает на формирование образа героя в молодежной среде. С этой целью проводится сравнение советских кинолент с кинолентами современного период, и выделяются основные характеристики популярного героя кино, подверженного различным трансформациям, находящимся в зависимости от этических и эстетических представлений создателей кинолент.
Методологическую базу исследования составляют классические труды по исследованию средств массовой культуры М. Маклюэна, а также научные труды в контексте социологии культуры, рассматривающие социальные функции кинематографа (М. И. Жабский), влияние кинематографа на процесс социализации современной молодежи (М. В. Скрипарь) и на формирование образа героя нашего времени (А. В. Бабаева, Й. Хейзинга).
Результаты исследования Социокультурный анализ состояния современного киноискусства позволил выделить его основные функции в области социализации молодежи, в течение которой формируется ценностный образ героя, который в отличие от советского кинематографа не задает идеологизированный образ, поскольку отсутствие традиционной социальной морали ведет не только к поиску новых путей в развитии кинематографа, но и к превалированию эстетических ценностей над этическими.
Перспективу исследования составляет дальнейший социокультурный анализ формирования влияния кинематографа на целевую аудиторию – студенческую молодежь.
Legal aspects regarding prevention of food waste in Poland
Authors: Mikołaj Sokołowski Łukasz 
Published: December 2020

The subject of considerations in this article are Polish legal regulations on the prevention of food waste. Poland, in line with other Member States, adopted special legal instruments to solve this problem. The aim of this article is to try to assess these special national measures and, in particular, to answer the question whether they are sufficient.
Despite numerous reservations and a narrow normative scope, establishment of separate legal regulations in Poland deserves a positive assessment. They may be the beginning of a legislative path leading to the adoption of comprehensive solutions to prevent food waste in Poland. They should not be limited exclusively to the distribution stage and the products in the form of foodstuffs ready to be consumed. It is important that the future legislation takes into consideration the ‘broad understanding’ of food waste.
Insights of the September 2007 Cerralvo Earthquake–Hurricane Henriette Crisis in La Paz, Mexico: Aftershocks Detection with Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Ortega Roberto , Carciumaru Dana , Aguirre Alfredo , Santillan Israel , Martínez Saúl 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Disastrous earthquakes and hurricanes, in general, are not contemporaneous. Here, we report the 2007 Cerralvo earthquake that had stricken the Gulf of California (GoC) when Hurricane Henriette landed during the aftershock activity. The greatest aftershock struck almost at the same time with Hurricane Henriette inducing panic among the inhabitants of La Paz, Baja California, peninsula. After the earthquake’s main event, the disaster preparedness professionals’ effort focused more on hurricane protocols than on the effects that the earthquake’s aftershocks could have been produced. This decision was probably related to the fact that the southern region of the GoC did not experience an earthquake greater than Mw 6.0 since 1995. The Cerralvo earthquake was unusual for its high number of aftershocks. After a visual inspection of the 24 hr heliplots, we noticed that many aftershocks were missing when we used the short-term average/long-term average method. For this reason, we developed an artificial neural network to recognize earthquakes more efficiently. We could not count a precise number of aftershocks during the crisis, but we detected ∼800 earthquakes using standard techniques from September to December. Eventually, a total of 1475 aftershocks were detected with the artificial neural network, contrasting with the low number of aftershocks usually reported in the middle GoC, which on average is about a dozen. Accurate information about the development of the seismic and hurricane phenomena is the most critical issue for authorities and people in general during this unusual experience. We learned that a robust algorithm to detect a huge number of aftershocks and better communication between researchers and authorities is a successful key in these situations.
Response of the Mexican National Seismological Service to Significant Earthquakes, under Normal and COVID-19 Pandemic Circumstances
Authors: Pérez-Campos Xyoli , Espíndola Víctor H. , Pérez Jesús , Estrada Jorge A. , Monroy Caridad Cárdenas , Bello Delia , González-López Adriana , Ávila Daniel González , Maldonado Rafael , Montoya-Quintanar Edgar , Ramírez Ruiz Jesús Elihú , Rasilla Iván Rodríguez , Tan Yi , Vela Rosas Miguel Angel , Sosa Jiménez Miguel Ángel , Cruz José Luis , Cárdenas Arturo , Estrada Fernando Navarro , Hurtado Alejandro , Carvajal Antonio de Jesús Mendoza , Fabila Betty Zanolli , Hurtado Meléndez Hugo Michel , Valdés-González Carlos M. , Ramirez-Guzman Leonardo , Montalvo-Arrieta Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Mexico is a seismically active country. Earthquakes with magnitudes larger than 7.0 happen, on average, every other year. This fact requires a rapid and consistent response from the national monitoring agency, the Servicio Sismológico Nacional, SSN (Mexican National Seismological Service). For this purpose, in 2014, the SSN created a set of procedures for the daily operations and rapid response called “Protocolo de Respuesta Inmediata ante Sismos Amenazantes” (PRISA, protocol of immediate response to threatening earthquakes). This protocol has been triggered for 292 events with a magnitude larger than or equal to 5.0 that occurred between April 2014 and July 2020. Here we present the response of the SSN, based on this protocol, to three significant earthquakes: the 8 and 19 September 2017 events (Mw 8.2 and 7.1, respectively) and the 23 June 2020 (Mw 7.4). The first two quakes caused severe damage in southern and central Mexico, whereas the third occurred during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and confinement in Mexico. Having PRISA in place contributed to the efficient SSN response in the three events, even though some activities for the 2020 earthquake were performed remotely.
Artery first versus traditional approach in pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer
Authors: Tohamy Ali Zedan , Eltyb Hanan A. , Hussien Marwa T. , Atta Haisam 
Published: December 2020

Background: Artery first approach pancreatoduodenectomy (AFAPD) technique is one of the many modifications of the standard whipple procedure (sPD) thus enabling a complete dissection of the right side of this artery and of the portal vein, as well as a complete excision of the retroportal pancreatic lamina. Objective was to evaluate the clinical, perioperative and oncological outcomes of “artery first” approach compared with those of the traditional approach.Methods: Between 2010 and 2019, The present study includes two groups of patients. A first group of 28 patients with PD by “artery first” and a second group including 28 matched patients with PD by TAPD. Demographic characteristics (sex, age), intraoperative data (approach type, operative time, blood loss, intraoperative complications, need for vascular resections), histological diagnosis and pathology data (tumor location, TNM staging, tumor grading, tumor vascular invasion) and patient outcomes (postoperative length of stay, in-hospital postoperative mortality and morbidity, survival time) were collected.Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding: total operative time (422 vs. 460.min, p=0.19), estimated blood loss (p=0.67), median length of stay (14 days in both groups) (p=0. 0.39), complication rates (32.1% and 35.7%) (p=0. 1.00), lymph node yield (22 and 21) and R0 resection rate (75% and 67.9%). Conclusions: We concluded that artery first” offers similar operative time, intraoperative blood loss, R0 resection rates, lymph node yield and long-term survival as TAPD.
Negação da metafísica em A paixão segundo G.H., de Clarice Lispector
Authors: Diório do Rozário Jefferson 
Published: December 2020

Neste artigo analisamos a obra A Paixão Segundo G.H., de Clarice Lispector, identificando no texto elementos que configuram uma narrativa de negação da metafísica. Essa constatação é evidenciada a partir do diálogo com a filosofia de Nietzsche (2006, 2008), em seus conceitos de vontade de verdade e espírito de vingança, pelos quais o filósofo alemão questionou as determinações advindas do estabelecimento da metafísica, presente na filosofia e no pensamento da tradição ocidental, de Platão - platonismo-cristianismo - a Hegel. Nesse sentido, considera-se afinal que o texto clariceano ressalta a impossibilidade de se apreender elementos fundamentais à experiência da existência, quando esta é compreendida apenas pelos desígnios metafísicos.
Pequena imprensa e poder polá­tico: pensando os jornais locais como objeto e fonte de pesquisa
Authors: Galves Marcelo Cheche 
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho discute as possibilidades metodológicas em relação a utilização de jornais municipais na pesquisa histórica. O tratamento enquanto objeto, o perá­odo de eleições municipais, o cotidiano do noticiário e as relações de poder que envolvem a produção dos periódicos estão aqui priorizadas.
AS FRONTEIRAS MAL DEMARCADAS DO PÚBLICO E DO PRIVADO NO BRASIL: a prática do nepotismo na administração pública brasileira.
Authors: Ribeiro Paulo Roberto Rios 
Published: December 2020

Análise sobre a problemática que envolve as relações entre as esferas pública e privada tanto no campo teórico, quanto nos seus desdobramentos para a evolução histórica do Brasil. Analisa-se, mais especificamente, a prática do nepotismo ”“ contratação de parentes sem concurso ”“ na administração pública, como um traço constitutivo da permanência do clientelismo e do patrimonialismo na condução do Estado brasileiro. Apesar de alguns avanços legais, o nepotismo apresenta suas conseqá¼ências, em termos estruturais, numa certa privatização do aparelho estatal. O nepotismo se perpetua e se amplia em todas as dimensões, apesar das tentativas da sociedade civil em barrar tal prática. Conclui-se na perspectiva de superação do nepotismo na administração pública; na definição clara dos limites e funções das esferas pública e privada no contexto nacional e na direção da republicanização do Estado, no sentido da constituição de uma esfera pública democrática e transparente no Brasil.
A Cá‚MARA DE SáƒO LUáS E O MUNDO DO TRABALHO (1646-1755)
Authors: Ximendes Carlos Alberto 
Published: December 2020

No artigo procuramos mostrar como o mundo do trabalho livre (branco, negro, á­ndio) e compulsório ( á­ndios e negros), foi influenciado pelas ações do Senado da Cá¢mara, da cidade de São Luá­s, no perá­odo, de 1646 a 1755. Apresenta também, as disputas internas ocorridas na Cá¢mara pela posse da mão e obra indá­gena, e, as justificativas para a manutenção da escravidão dos á­ndios.
ANTá”NIO SÉRGIO, ENSAIOS POR DESCOBRIMENTO DA CULTURA EM PORTUGAL
Authors: Marques Ana Luiza 
Published: December 2020

Antônio Sérgio escreve os Ensaios para apresentar o problema da cultura em Portugal, com o fim de acordar a elite intelectual para a faina da revolução cultural. Tal revolução deseja a cultura autêntica como crá­tica, porque assim entende ter sido no Quinhentismo ou na época dos Descobrimentos. Ocorre que o Quinhentismo português foi promessa que não se cumpriu. Os Ensaios objetivam a cultura como crá­tica, á semelhança do que fizeram gerações de portugueses que denunciaram o estancar de Portugal, conscientes da promessa não cumprida.
The Acquisition Of Speaking Skills For Students Based On The Behaviorism And Cognitivism Theories/ اكتساب مهارة الكلام لدى الطلاب في ضوء النظرية السلوكية والمعرفية
Authors: Gunawan Gunawan , Ainin Moh , Bahruddin Uril 
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to reveal the acquisition situation and atmosphere of the speaking skills for Students of KMI Pondok Modern Gontor Ponorogo in the views of the Behaviorism and Cognitivism, the factors influencing the acquisition process of the speaking skills, the linguistics problems in the acquisition process of the speaking skills and the resolutions. This research applied a case study using a descriptive qualitative approach. The data was collected using active participant observation, passive non-participant observation, interviews, and documentaries methods. The Miles Huberman model was then used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that, first, the situations in the speaking skills acquisition include the language instructional classes situation, the islamic studies instructional classes situation, and the situation of using the language in the extra-curricular and everyday life activities. In those situations, students interactively combined the use both behaviorism and cognitivism theories, although the implementation of behaviorism priciples is more dominant. Moreover, the implementation of both theories was highly supported by the language atmospheres in the classrooms and outside the classrooms, as well as the discipline enforcement in the language implementation. Second, the factors influencing the speaking skills acquisition process among others were the area and situation diversities for doing simulation (practice), imitation and repetitions, the availability of many areas and situations for practicing and building the habit, the presence of a mentor among students, language atmosphere in the classroom, language atmosphere outside the classrooms, the presence of language role models, feedback and reinforcement, the implementation of discipline, court and monitoring board committee, motivation and self-confidence. Third, the linguistic problems in the acquisition process of students’ speaking skills among others were the phonemic system, word arabization, changes in the words meaning, mistakes in the language structure, the use of Indonesian particle and the occurance of local dialect. The resolutions that had been taken by the institution (the boarding school of Gontor) to deal with those problems were correcting the speaking errors, providing language training for the board committee, delivering good language style, providing speaking model, practicing the pronunciation, teaching grammar for middle and upper level students, and giving harder punishment for those who intentionally offended the language practice regulation.