bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pleasures and Pitfalls of Life as a New Consultant – an Anecdotal Review Part 2
Authors: Flett Andrew MC 
Published: July 2020

Part two of this paper provides the author's personal insight into the first 18 months of a consultant post. Being the new consultant in town is not without considerable challenges. The aim of the second part of the paper is to provide the reader with the reality of integrating into existing units and setting a new one up from scratch. Hints and tips from other newly qualified consultants are also provided. It is hoped that this will enable future consultants to avoid the pitfalls and enjoy the pleasures of an immensely rewarding job. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To provide first-hand, real world knowledge of life as a new consultant orthodontist in the 21st century NHS.
An Overview of Orthodontic Bonding
Authors: Smyth Robert S D , Hunt Nigel P , Sharif Mohammad O 
Published: July 2020

Bonding brackets with composite resin is considered the gold standard in orthodontics. However, this can be challenging, especially where there is a requirement to bond to surfaces other than enamel, or where the enamel is defective. A choice of bonding modalities exists for these situations, and it is important that clinicians keep up-to-date with current techniques and practice. An overview of the evidence and techniques available for bonding to enamel and other surfaces (composite, porcelain, gold, amalgam and acrylic) is presented. Furthermore, a summary table providing a step-by-step guide for bonding techniques to various surfaces is provided. CPD/Clinical Relevance: We provide an overview of the evidence and techniques available to the orthodontist for bonding brackets to enamel and other surfaces including: composite, porcelain, gold, amalgam and acrylic.
Electric field controlled near-infrared high-speed electro-optic switching modulator integrated with 2D MgO
Authors: Rao Ch. N. , Pawar Dnyandeo , Nakate Umesh T. , Aepuru Radhamanohar , Gui XingGao , Mangalaraja Ramalinga V. , Kale S. N. , Suh Eun-kyung , Liu Wenjun , Zhu Deliang , Lu Youming , Cao Peijiang 
Published: July 2020

The electro-optic effect in two-dimensional (2D) MgO nanoflakes synthesized by a microwave-assisted process is demonstrated using a designed optical fiber modulator. The guiding properties of intense core modes excited by the material cavity are modulated by the external electric field. The feasibility of 2D MgO nanoflakes as an effective electro-optic modulator and switching are experimentally verified for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The proposed optical-fiber-based electro-optic modulator achieves a linear wavelength shift with a high sensitivity of 12.87 pm/V(77.22 nm/kV/mm, in the electric field). The results show that MgO, as a metal oxide 2D material, is a very promising material for electro-optic modulators and switching.
Shaping hippocampal neurogenesis: exercising the brain with cannabinoids
Authors: Rodrigues Rui S , Moreira João B , Sebastião Ana M , Fitzsimons Carlos P , Xapelli Sara 
Published: July 2020

Adult neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPC) are present in specialized niches of the mammalian brain and their proliferative and differentiative potential is modulated by a myriad of factors. Recent evidence sheds light on the interaction between cannabinoids and neurotrophic factors underlying a major regulative force of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, with important effects upon cognitive plasticity and mood flexibility. Herein, we aimed at evaluating the actions of cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) together with exercise upon hippocampal neurogenesis and whether this has significant behavioral implications. Our data suggests a participation of CB2Rs in fine-tuning the actions of physical exercise upon adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Specifically, CB2R ligands as well as exercise-regulated neurotrophic factors promote an acceleration in the differentiation of progenitor cells accompanied by an increase in the number of mature neurons in vitro. Moreover, preliminary results show that CB2Rs play an impactful role in controlling cognitive and depressive-like behavior. This is particularly important because brain physiology and mental health are known to be greatly affected by physical exercise, with adult neurogenesis playing a significant role in this process. Ultimately, this work will contribute to unravel the mechanisms behind the actions of cannabinoids and exercise in the brain and to develop strategies utilizing CB2Rs and physical exercise to boost neural stem cell capacity and treat several brain disorders.
Acknowledgements: Supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), projects SFRH/BD/129710/2017 and IF/01227/2015. No potential conflict of interest.
Kekuatan Karakter Relawan Muda bagi Penyandang Disablilitas
Authors: Rahajeng Unita Werdi , Widyarini Ika , Ilhamuddin Ilhamuddin 
Published: July 2020

Being a young volunteer provides an opportunity for volunteers to build stronger awareness of social issues, such as the fulfilment of equal rights for persons with disabilities. For young volunteers, participation in volunteerism can form strong characters. This research attempts to describe the forms of strength of character in young volunteers for persons with disabilities and their development. Data collection methods used were Online Survey (Study 1) and Nominal Group Technique and Focus Group Discussion (Study 2). Both studies involved young volunteers in communities and organizations with disabilities in Malang Regency and Kota aged between 18-30 years (Study 1 with N = 59 people and Study 2 with N = 6 people). From the research, it is found that the character strength becomes the modality of participation as a volunteer and develops in the process of involvement of young volunteers for persons with disabilities.[Aktivitas sebagai relawan muda menyediakan kesempatan bagi pelakunya untuk membangun kesadaran yang lebih kuat terkait dengan isu-isu sosial, termasuk kesadaran terkait pemenuhan kesetaraan hak bagi penyandang disabilitas. Bagi para relawan muda, partisipasi dalam aktivitas berbasis kesukarelawanan dapat membentuk beberapa kekuatan karakter, antara lain kekuatan karakter yang dicetuskan oleh Peterson & Seligman (2004). Penelitian ini berusaha menggambarkan bentuk-bentuk kekuatan karakter dalam diri relawan-relawan muda bagi penyandang disabilitas dan perkembangannya. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah Online Survey (Study 1) dan Nominal Group Technique serta Focus Group Discussion (Study 2). Kedua study tersebut melibatkan relawan muda di komunitas dan organisasi penyandang disabilitas kabupaten dan kota Malang berusia antara 18 - 30 tahun. (Studi 1, N= 59 orang dan Studi 2, N= 6 orang). Dari penelitian ini didapatkan gambaran kekuatan karakter yang menjadi modalitas partisipasi sebagai relawan dan berkembang dalam proses keterlibatan para relawan muda bagi penyandang disabilitas.]
Crystal structure of poly[dibromido-bis(μ2-1,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)hexane-κ2
N:N′)cadmium(II)], C24H36Br2N8Cd
Authors: Guo Jin-Bo , Li Guan-Feng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
C24H36Br2N8Cd, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.6915(4) Å, b = 7.6614(2) Å, c = 19.0851(8) Å, β = 100.529(4)°, V = 1393.21(9) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0744, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1823, T = 293(2) K.
Synthesis and crystal structure of ((6R,7S)-3-ethyl-6-phenyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-7-yl)(phenyl)methanone hemihydrate, 2(C19H18N4OS) ⋅ H2O
Authors: Ding Qichun , Yang Ruya , Yao Peipao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
C38H38N8O3S2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 10.1773(12) Å, b = 12.9096(15) Å, c = 15.1950(18) Å, α = 97.579(1)°, β = 97.967(1)°, γ = 109.835(1)°, V = 1825.2(4) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0523, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1412, T = 296.15 K.
Crystal structure of 4,4′-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1,1′-biphenyl-1-ium 5,3′,5′-tricarboxy-[1,10-biphenyl]-2-carboxylate, C25H17N2O8
Authors: Chen Shi-Jun , Tian Wei , Hui Yan-Ni , Zhu Mei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
C25H17N2O8, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.6002(5) Å, b = 10.4192(5) Å, c = 11.0226(5) Å, α = 93.412(4)°, β = 98.094(4)°, γ = 98.787(4)°, V = 1075.04(9) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0547, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1426, T = 293(2) K.
The crystal structure of (6aR,6bS,8aS,8bR,9S,11aS,12aS,12bS)-10-(4-acetoxy-3-methylbutyl)-6a,8a,9-trimethyl-3,4,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,8b,9,10,11a,12,12a,12b-hexadecahydro-1H-naphtho[2′,1′:4,5]indeno[2,1-b]furan-4-yl acetate, C31H48O5
Authors: Mou Xiao-Dong , Wang Hui-Yun , Sun Ke-Wei , Luan Ming-Zhu , Meng Qing-Guo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
C31H48O5, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 11.0421(3) Å, b = 6.49710(16) Å, c = 20.4687(4) Å, β = 97.922(2)°, V = 1454.45(6) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0382, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1024, T = 293(2) K.
Microstructure and Properties of Nickel/Detonated Nanodiamond Composites Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Toulba Eman , Chowdhury Mahmudun N. , Ali Ahmed I. , Qassem Ibrahim S. , Daoush Walid M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nickel/detonated nanodiamond composites were prepared using the powder metallurgy technique. Detonated nanosized diamond particles were reinforced in the nickel matrix. The investigated powder was used to prepare homogenous diamond/nickel composite mixtures with different detonated nanodiamond content of weight percentage (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 wt.%). The produced mixtures were cold pressed into a cylindrical die shape under compaction pressure of 400 MPa followed by sintering at 1,000°C for 120 min under a controlled atmosphere of 1:3 hydrogen/nitrogen gas mixture. Phase identification and microstructure of the produced sintered samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The results of the microstructure show a good distribution of the detonated nanodiamond in the nickel matrix, especially in the 0.8 wt% diamond/nickel sintered sample. The densities of the obtained sintered samples were measured by applying the Archimedes principal. As the detonated nanodiamond content was increased in the nickel matrix, the density of the sintered samples was decreased. The thermal expansion, electrical conductivity, and hardness of the produced diamond/nickel composites were measured. The coefficient of thermal expansion and electrical conductivity were decreased, but the hardness was increased by increasing the detonated nanodiamond weight percentage.
Impact Study of Electron-Beam Heating on the Structure and Properties of Boroaluminized Layers Aimed at Producing New Composite Coatings with Special Properties
Authors: Polyansky I. , Sizov I. , Lazareva O. , Volkov A. , Maksimov B. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Electron-beam processing is a promising method of surface processing. Electron-beam processing can involve surface melting accompanied by adding alloying elements into the melt (electron-beam alloying), or it can be applied to preliminary obtained diffusion layers on a material’s surface (electron-beam chemical thermal processing). Electron-beam heating both increases the temperature and initiates diffusion processes in the metal. By regulating parameters of electron-beam processing, different types of layers—diffusion, diffusion-crystalized, or liquid phase—are formed. The paper presents the study of the impact of electron-beam heating on the structure and properties of boroaluminized layers in carbon steel 60 (0.6 % carbon), obtained by thermochemical processing (solid-phase boroaluminizing in powder mixture 98 % (70 % aluminum oxide Al2O3) + 10 % boron oxide (B2O3) + 20 % aluminum (Al) + 2 % sodium fluoride (NaF) at T = 950°C, τ = 4 h). The authors studied the influence of electron-heat processing modes on the formation of boroaluminized layers’ structure. The parameters of electron-beam heating were beam current Ic = 20–60 mA and time of impact τ = 15–120 s. The authors conducted metallographic and X-ray microscopic analysis and measured microhardness of boroaluminized layers obtained with a combined method (thermochemical processing and electron-beam heating). It was shown that electron-beam heating of boroaluminized layers leads to changes in the structure and properties as well as in the layer’s morphology. Aluminum is spread evenly in the depth of the layer. The layer’s microhardness changes and the brittleness decreases. The obtained results led to the conclusion that electron-beam heating can be recommended to improve properties of boroaluminized layers and used as a foundation for producing new composite coatings with special properties.
Investigation of the Interlaminar Shear Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Polymers via Flexural Testing Using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Merzkirch Matthias , Foecke Tim 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The determination of the interlaminar properties of laminate composites to date has included a few direct measurement techniques: the standardized short-beam test via three-point flexural testing and the double beam shear test via five-point flexural testing. These test methods are limited to a determination of the apparent interlaminar strength, whereas the full stress–strain behavior cannot be determined. The double beam shear test allows for a calculation of the shear modulus, provided that four additional elastic, in-plane properties have been determined in advance via three additional types of tests. The present work includes a comparison of the three-point short-beam test, the nonstandardized four-point flexural test, and the double beam shear test (requiring small span-length-to-thickness ratios for the shear loading to become dominant). The tests are carried out on unidirectional carbon fiber–reinforced composite (CFRP-UD) with a symmetric layup. The experiments are accompanied by photomechanical investigations using digital image correlation (DIC) to visualize the phenomenology of shear deformation. The novelty of this approach includes the use of the DIC-determined shear strains, which show a parabolic distribution across the specimen’s thickness. The DIC-calculated maximum shear strain across the thickness is used for a full description of the stress–strain behavior with a focus on the elastic loading range to evaluate the shear modulus. Interlaminar shear strengths and shear moduli determined from all three types of tests are compared with the intralaminar shear properties.
The Effect of Graphene Oxide on Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene and Polystyrene
Authors: Sabet Maziyar , Soleimani Hassan , Mohammadian Erfan , Hosseini Seyednooroldin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study discusses how a graphene oxide (GO) has been developed to improve flame resistance, ignitability, and flame threats of polystyrene (PS) and polypropylene (PP). For reasons where high thermal stability alongside fire-resistant parts for vehicles or airships is essential, the manufacture of lightweight products appears to have promising outcomes. Cone calorimeter and limiting oxygen index experiments were used to measure heat and fire experiments of PS and PP nanocompounds. The incorporation of GO into PS and PP structures has reduced the heat release rate as measured through cone calorimeter. The characterization implied that without clear accumulations, the GO nanolayers were properly distributed throughout the PS structure, resulting in an outstanding upgrade of thermal strength and fire safety characteristics. During the ignition period, GO dispersal in PS and PP accelerated the ignition period and lowered the heat release rate. In addition, the incorporation of GOs reduced the PP’s combustion rate as a result of developing a carbon protective layer that acts as a heat and mass transfer barrier. However, during combustion experiments, nanocompounds PS/GO and PP/GO generate a thermal insulation intumescent that protects the sublayers of the polymer. The peak of the heat release rate was reduced by 23 % for PP/GO and 53 % for PS/GO under flaming circumstances. The maximum thermal release rate indicates a substantial reduction for PP/GO 2.0 weight percent of nanocomposite compared to pure PP. This research shows that even GO inclusion does not change the limiting oxygen index values, but the development of an intumescent char protects the polymer sublayers properly. This feature offers a distinctive modification strategy to enhance GO’s flame-resistant effectiveness. This research offers excellent insights into PP and PS nanocompounds’ ignitability behavior with the inclusion of GO filler. This study delivers an appropriate choice to evaluate the potential for fire safety using graphene in polymers and flame-retarded polymers.
Profissionalismo na formação de enfermeiros: apreensão das significações de docentes e estudantes / Professionalism in nurse’s education: apprehension of the meanings of professors and students
Authors: Marçal Adriana Do Rocio Vendrametto , Zagonel Ivete Palmira Sanson 
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: apreender as significações expressas por docentes e estudantes sobre o ensino de profissionalismo na formação de enfermeiros. Método: exploratório-descritivo com abordagem qualitativa em que participaram 19 docentes e 18 estudantes de Enfermagem de duas Instituições de Ensino Superior, da cidade de Curitiba. A coleta das informações ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, entre os meses de março a agosto de 2018. Para a análise dos depoimentos utilizou-se análise de conteúdo proposta por Moraes. Resultados: foi apreendida a subcategoria “Profissionalismo no Ensino de Enfermagem” e suas Unidades de Significação: Profissionalismo subsidiado pelas estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem, Profissionalismo articulado aos aspectos relacionais e atitudinais e, Profissionalismo articulado às estratégias de avaliação. Conclusões: apreendeu-se que o ensino de profissionalismo envolve diversas estratégias de ensino e avaliação do profissionalismo na área de saúde. Entretanto, pela ampla variedade desses métodos disponíveis, é necessário observar a pertinência de cada um.
Cirurgia de redesignação sexual: implicações para o cuidado / Sex reassignment surgery: implications for care
Authors: Morais Andréia Vanessa Carneiro , Cortes Helena Moraes 
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: conhecer a produção científica nacional e internacional, de 2007 a 2017, acerca da cirurgia de redesignação sexual. Método: revisão integrativa realizada em duas bases de dados, em julho de 2018. Utilizou-se o ENDNOTE® para sistematizar os artigos. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 18 artigos. Identificaram-se três categorias temáticas: “técnicas cirúrgicas”, “complicações operatórias” e “aspectos psicossociais”. Conclusões: pode-se constatar que a literatura científica tem buscado publicar estudos sobre novas técnicas cirúrgicas, as complicações operatórias e, os aspectos psicossociais que tendem a dar maior qualidade de vida às pessoas transgenitalizadas. Observou-se a necessidade de outros estudos científicos que versem sobre formas de cuidar, tanto na perspectiva de fornecer informações sobre o cuidado imediato e contínuo com o neofalo e a neovagina após a cirurgia de redesignação sexual como no que tange ao cuidado integral de pessoas transgêneras que se submetem à cirurgia de redesignação sexual.
Taxa de ocupação e média de permanência em quatro hospitais de um município sul-brasileiro / Occupancy rate and average stay in four hospitals in a southern Brazilian municipality
Authors: Grala Ana Paula da Paz , Araújo Adelita Campos , Guerreiro Patrícia Osório 
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: avaliar o desempenho dos indicadores taxa de ocupação geral e média de permanência geral em instituições prestadoras do Sistema Único de Saúde em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, delineamento dedutivo, em dados secundários do TABWIN, realizado de 2011 a 2015. Resultados: quanto a média de permanência geral, o hospital D esteve dentro do parâmetro. Os demais estavam acima do preconizado, com 9,2 dias de internação. Sobre a taxa de ocupação geral, o hospital A, em 2015, manteve-se no recomendado. O B destacou-se com padrão de 100%. O C, em 2011 e 2012, permaneceu na média, declinando posteriormente. No hospital D, em 2012 e 2013, a média ficou dentro do preconizado, nos demais anos a taxa foi de 89,8%. Conclusões: a média de permanência em um hospital foi dentro do parâmetro. A taxa de ocupação geral em duas entidades foi considerada acima da média.Descritores: Indicadores; Avaliação em saúde; Qualidade da assistência à saúde.
Influência da Prova Pericial em Sentenças Judiciais de Casos Definidos na Lei de Drogas em Aracaju entre 2012 e 2018
Authors: Lima Neto Epaminondas Gonzaga , Albano Denise Fontes Leal 
Published: July 2020

O Código de Processo Penal preceitua que a realização de exame pericial em infrações não-transeuntes é imprescindível. Desta forma, é através do exame pericial que se consubstancia a materialidade delitiva neste tipo de delito, não podendo a confissão do acusado suprir-lhe a falta. Com o objetivo de qualificar a prova pericial, os órgãos oficiais de perícia criminal experimentaram, nos últimos anos, investimentos governamentais que tanto possibilitaram a aquisição de equipamentos mais modernos e implementação de técnicas mais acuradas de análise quanto possibilitaram a contratação de novos peritos oficiais por meio da realização de concursos públicos. Isto posto, o presente trabalho, através de estudo empírico, objetiva aferir a influência da prova pericial em sentenças judiciais que se valeram do procedimento especial previsto na Lei de Drogas, prolatadas entre os anos de 2012 e 2018 na Comarca de Aracaju. A partir dos resultados, percebeu-se que a relevância dos laudos periciais apresentou progressão significativa a partir do ano de 2015, bem como também foi constatado que a influência da prova pericial é bem maior no âmbito da Justiça Comum que no âmbito do Juizado Especial. Para as apreensões de maior quantidade de droga, foi percebido que a prova pericial assume influência singular na decisão do magistrado enquanto que, para o caso de pequenas apreensões, restou evidenciado que a prova pericial é o primeiro aspecto a ser analisado para a distinção entre traficante e usuário.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE CULTURAL OTHER IN JOSEPH CONRAD’S STORY «KARAIN: A MEMORY»
Authors: Сенчук Ірина 
Published: July 2020

Aim. The article aims at examining Joseph Conrad’s vision of the Malay region and its image building forces in his story «Karain: A Memory» (1897), which articulates the representation of some late 19th-century social and cultural constructs of the Other and becomes a part of literary dialogue between East and West. Methods. An imagological approach and the strategies of cultural studies are applied in the article to highlight how Conrad’s story «Karain: A Memory» is used to assert the Other’s cultural identity, constructing and deconstructing some national stereotypes and cultural prejudices of the period. Results. The idea is that the fictional world of the Malayan Archipelago as reconstructed by Conrad through the narrative of «Karain: A Memory» contributes to the meanings attached to the image of the Malays (that is national characterisation) and serves as a medium in the accumulative Western construction of the East and the cultural Other. Scientific novelty. There has been made an attempt to prove that Conrad’s works demonstrate the complex manner of textual representations in which nineteenth-century cultural assumptions, concerning European civilization and colonial periphery, are simultaneously revived and challenged. The practical significance. The article may serve for the further research of the cultural Other and its representation in the English literature.
Key words: cultural Other, national stereotypes, cultural identity, colonial discourse, Joseph Conrad.