bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth Responses of Hybrid Catfish (Clarias gariepinus ♀ X Heterobranchus bidosarlis ♂) Fingerlings Fed Diets Lablab Bean Meal (Lablab purpureus)
Authors: Aliu B. S. , Osayamen S. , Esume A. C. 
Published: November 2019

This study examined the replacement of soyabean meal (SBM) with Lablab bean meal (LBM) in the practical diets of Clariid catfish (Heteroclarias). Five Iso-nitrogenous diets of 40%CP containing varying levels of LBM were incorporated as a non-conventional feedstuff at D1(10% LBM); D2(20%LBM); D3(30%LBM); D4(40%LBM) and D5(50% LBM) as a replacement for soyabean meal. Seventy-five Heteroclarias fingerlings with an initial mean weight of 1.46±0.01 g were stocked randomly to five treatments in triplicate groups and were fed to satiation twice daily for a period of 70 days. At the end of the 70days experimental period, all growth parameters decreased across all diets from D1 to D5. D1(10% LBM) had the best growth rate as it recorded the highest value in terms of weight gain (1.25); feed intake (2.34); feed conversion ratio (1.86); relative weight gain (4.86) and specific Growth rate of (1.33) while D5 recorded the least values across all parameters. D1 was not significantly different (P>0.05) from D­2 in all growth parameters listed above but D1 and D2 were significantly different (P<0.05) from D3, D4 and D5. Therefore, Lablab bean meal can replace soyabean meal totally but will be best at 10% replacement in diets for Hetero clarias without compromising the growth and carcass composition. Further research should be carried out to test lablab meal on pure Heterobranchus bidorsalis fingerlings.
Response of Macrobenthic Invertebrate to Organic Carbon and Particle Size in Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria
Authors: Olapoju O. A. , Edokpayi C. A. 
Published: November 2019

Macrobenthic fauna communities are important constituents of soft bottom marine ecosystems which inhabit the bottom environments playing a key factor in controlling structure and functioning of the aquatic environment. Lagos lagoon is the most exposed lagoon to anthropogenic influence in Nigeria coastal lagoon system. Bimonthly sampling was carried out in the Lagos lagoon from September 2014 - July 2016 for water and sediment in twenty – four stations to examine response condition of benthic communities to measures of water quality and sediment quality in Lagos lagoon in order to understand the benthic condition of the aquatic environment. A range of 9 – 91% for sand, 7 – 25% for silt, 0 – 73% for clay while a range of 0 – 4.77 was observed for TOC. The Diversity (H,) richness (d) and evenness (j) were positively correlated with the silt sediment particle size and. Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) between species richness and diversity at all sampling stations. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in mean percentage particle sizes and TOC recorded at the stations but was significant (p<0.05) between TOC and macrobenthic invertebrates. The overall low diversity of macrobenthic fauna observed was attributed to anthropogenic activities majorly industrial dredging and local sand mining which altered the sediment characteristics of the aquatic ecosystem. Assessments of human induced stressors in the lagoon provided information useful for strict regulations and environmental policies to help prevent the aquatic environment from continuous deterioration hence, causing more loss of biodiversity. Responses of macrobenthic invertebrates to measured variables showed that there are high abundance and diversity of ecological groups of sensitive species majorly distributed around the slightly disturbed zones of the study area. In summary, variables examined in this study showed that the total organic content does not have a depleting effect on the abundance of macrobenthic invertebrates because the values are within permissible limits but the particle size characteristics present in this study showed good environmental indicator for evaluating macrobenthic invertebrate responses to stress pattern in water bodies along the coastal areas surrounded by various human activities.
Expression of Heat Stress Biomarkers in Wild and Cultured African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchel, 1822)
Authors: Oluyemi K. Gbadamosi , Nelson R. Osungbemiro 
Published: November 2019

The expression of heat stress biomarkers in wild and cultured African catfish Clarias gariepinus was investigated in this study. Twenty wild and cultured fish species of average weight of 400±50g were obtained from Owena dam, (Latitude: 7°20'46.04"Longitude: 4°59'54.99") and a reputable fish farm in Akure, Ondo State. Ten male and female fish from the two source were all conditioned for 3days in concrete tanks. The fish were stocked in concrete tanks of 2m x 2m x 1m with the stocking density of 5 in each tank and the water quality parameters were monitored. Fish were subjected to hyperthermia-induced shock at 39oC with the aid of a 2-kW heating rod (Binatone, Japan). At the end of the hyperthermia-induced stress. Blood samples were collected to determine the glucose level and the expression of Heat Shock Protein (HSP). The highest glucose level of 50mg /l was found in the cultured male African catfish and the lowest glucose level of 18mg/l was found in wild female African catfish. There was higher diversity and expression of HSP in cultured female fish than the wild male. The result of this study showed that the expression of stress biomarkers in African catfish Clarias gariepinus was influenced by the gender and the environment where the fish was found with the male and wild fishes showing more resistance to stress.
Economic Analysis of Small-Scale Aquaculture Enterprise in Ghana; a Case Study of Sunyani Municipality
Authors: Anokyewaa Melody Abena , Asiedu Berchie 
Published: November 2019

Aims: This study analyses the economic performance and gender distribution of the small-scale aquaculture of Ghana using Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Cash flow as well as gender distribution of the small-scale aquaculture of Ghana.
Study Design: This study is exploratory in its design. The study identified certain relationships and associations. Data was gathered from a sample drawn from a population. Questionnaire-based interview was designed and administered to the small scale fish farmers in the Sunyani metropolis. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods will be employed for the study. A case study method will also be used due to the fact that it has the benefit of permitting for an intensive collection of data required to fulfil the goals of the research
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Sunyani Municipality in the Brong Ahafo Region of the Republic of Ghana between November 2017 and February 2018.
Methodology: The study randomly selected 20 farms out 40 farms and farmers interviewed using questionnaire. A 600 m2 pond was further selected as a model of the small-scale aquaculture and used to perform the economic analysis.
Results: The total start-up capital for a 600-meter square pond is estimated at $2693.15. Huge part, 56.9 percent, of the amount goes into fixed investment like pond construction, acquisition of land, and farm buildings. The economic analysis shows a viable industry with an estimated NPV of $605.4484 and IRR of 24.19 percent.
With gender, the study reveals a huge gap in man-woman distribution in the fish farming trade. Majority of the farms surveyed did not females, with the male having 77 against the female with 23%.
Conclusion: The study has found a viable aquaculture industry with high profitability that can improve the livelihood of fish farming households.
Water Quality in the Cultivation of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Aquaponic Biofloc System
Authors: Zidni Irfan , . Iskandar , Buwono Ibnu Dwi , Mahargyani Benedikta Prasiwi 
Published: November 2019

Aims: Water quality is one of them being an important role in terms of cultivation. Good water quality can support growth productivity in aquaculture. This is also of great concern when the rest of fish metabolism results that can contaminate fish contained in the maintenance media and if water is changed every day, water carrying toxins can pollute the area around the cultivation. One of the first steps to reduce the toxic content found in the maintenance media and the area around cultivation is to use aquaponic cultivation using biofloc. It is also expected to minimize the toxin content in maintenance media. This research aims to determine the comparison of the polyculture stocking density of sangkuriang catfish and nile tilapia which results in water quality that supports fish productivity.
Study Design: The research was conducted experimentally.
Place and Duration of Study: This research was carried out for 40 days between March 2019 - April 2019 in the Ciparanje Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran.
Methodology: The method used in this research is experimental using a completely randomized design (CRD), consisting of 5 treatments with 3 replications. The treatments to be given are dense stocking variations with the following treatments: A(75 catfish:75 tilapia), B(100 catfish:50 tilapia), C(125 catfish:25 tilapia), D(150 catfish), E(150 tilapia).
Results: Water Quality Measured During The Study Namely, DO, Temperature, Ph, Nitrite, Nitrate And Ammonia Are Still In The Threshold For The Growth Of Test Animals During Maintenance.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the quality of water in maintenance media using aquaponics biofloc gives good water quality values on maintenance media and is still within the threshold for the growth of catfish and tilapia.
Water Quality Distribution in Situ Gunung Putri Bogor Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Hasan Zahidah , Ilham Thoriq , Andriani Yuli , Herawati Heti , Sulawesty Fachmijany 
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine water quality distribution in Situ Gunung Putri. This research was conducted from February to March 2019, carried out in Situ Gunung Putri and at the Limnology Research Center of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences, both located in Bogor, West Java. The method used was the survey method. The results showed that, at the surface level, the temperature ranged between (28.14±0.52 and 30.61±1.76)°C, transparency between (0.38±0.12 and 0.65±0.06) m, dissolved oxygen (DO) was between 1.92±1.10 and 5.7± 2.55 mg / L, chemical oxygen demand (COD) was between 42.22±9.86 and 54.09±15.89, nitrate between (0.047±0.009 and 0.05±0.015) mg / L, phosphate of (0.015±0.002 and 0.022± 0.004) mg / L and pH was between 7.11± 0.27 and 7.33 ±0.34. Meanwhile at the Secchi depth values of the temperature ranged between (2.93±0.71 and 29.96 ±1.71)°C, DO was 1.14 ±0.90 and 3.37±1.63 mg / L, nitrate was 0.045±0.008 and 0.056±0.019 mg / L, phosphate was 0.016±0.003 and 0.035± 0.043 mg / L and pH was between 6.68± 0.33 and 7.11 ±0.28. Based on these values water quality parameters except COD in Situ Gunung Putri is still at the optimal range for aquatic organisms.
Characteristics and Structure of Freshwater Fish Farmers in Ghana: A Socio-economic Analysis
Authors: Agbekpornu Hayford , Yeboah Doris , Oyih Matthew , Agyakwah Seth Koranteng 
Published: November 2019

This Study was undertaken in all the ten (10) administrative regions of Ghana with the aim of examining freshwater fish farmers’ characteristics and structure. Socio-economic status showing characteristics and structure are relevant and contribute towards the designing of more realistic people centered rural development programs in relation to high returns on projects and programmes.
Data was collected in 2016 using a semi-structured questionnaire, loaded unto an online data collection software (Kobo Toolbox) and configured on a tablet.
Results showed that the industry is male dominated. A greater percentage of the male and female respondents were in their productive years (36-65 years), highly educated (tertiary level) and married. The main occupation of most fish farmers is agriculture with an average household size of 6.
A higher percentage of both sexes had none of their children involved in aquaculture. Average fish farming experience for males and females was 6 and 5 years respectively with a range of 1 to 10 years. Main production systems is pond followed by cages and the key cultured species is tilapia (Oriochromis Niloticus) with the others being catfish (Clarias gariepinus), heterotis (Heterotis niloticus) and snakehead (Barachana obscurus). A greater percentage of the respondents were involved in monoculture system. Both male and female fish farmers practiced mainly semi-intensive system for pond culture followed by intensive system of farming mainly for cage culture. The number of production cycle is mainly 1 followed by 2 in a year. Sampled farmers practiced semi-intensive, intensive and extensive systems of farming and the three main land ownership categories accessed by fish farmers were outright purchased, freehold and leasehold.
Main source of funding for fish farming is self for both sexes. Both accessed their fingerlings mainly from the private sector. A greater percentage procure fish feed from local source while the three main sources of water for fish farming were rivers, streams and boreholes.
Evaluation of the Proximate and Functional Properties of Flours from Brown Variety of African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) Seeds
Authors: Agunwah Ijeoma M. , Olawuni Ijeoma A. , Ibeabuchi Juliana C. , Uzoukwu Anthonia E. , Alagbaoso Serah O. 
Published: November 2019

Aim: To create variety of flours through food product development by checking the proximate and functional properties of flours from brown variety of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) seeds.
Study Design: This study was made to fit into a one way Analysis of Variance.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out at the Department of Food Science and Technology laboratory, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria, between July 2017 and September 2018.
Methodology: Brown coloured variety of African yam bean seeds were sorted, soaked, dehulled and milled to obtain full fat flour. The full fat flour was further processed to obtain defatted flour, protein isolate and protein concentrate. The different flours were analysed to determine their proximate and functional properties.
Results: From the results of the proximate composition, it showed that the protein isolate value 89.1±0.23% was higher than the protein composition of the full fat, defatted and protein concentrates which has 21.8±0.16%, 23.1±0.06% and 61.7±0.21% composition respectively. There were no significant difference (p<0.05) between the protein concentrate, protein isolate, full fat flour and defatted flour. The functional properties revealed high bulk density of (0.50± 0.01) for the defatted flour more than the full fat flour (0.35± 0.10) while the emulsion capacity of the protein concentrate and protein isolate flour was found to be (30.7±0.19%) and (35.3± 0.16%) respectively.
Conclusion: The proximate and functional results obtained indicate that the starches from African yam bean will have useful technological properties for many applications both in food industries and in the production industries such as in paper and textile industries. It can also be said that African yam bean represents a source of alternative protein supplement and its protein isolates possess certain characteristics that will aid in protein enrichment for some food products.
Circadian Rhythm of Oral Temperature in Adult Hyperthyroids, Sudan
Authors: Gumma Sheriff Ishag Ibrahim , Mohamed Salim Hamid Gad Elmoula 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: A 24 hours long cyclic change in body temperature, ie. body temperature circadian rhythm is used as a marker of other body circadian rhythms.
Objectives: To determine circadian rhythm in oral temperature of adult hyperthyroids at Nyala and Alfashir- western cities, Sudan.
Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional of stratified random sampling.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gezira University, Wadmadani, Sudan, from December 2006 to March 2007.
Methodology: A sample of thirty clinically diagnosed thyrotoxic cases (females = 29, and a male) of age ranging from 18 to 50 years, attended to Sudanese atomic energy corporation (SAEC) for receiving positively confirmed laboratory tests were enrolled to conduct this study. Early morning and late evening oral temperatures were recorded by the mercury-in-glass thermometer. A questionnaire was used to exclude any other fever conditions. Thyroid hormones, ie. T3, T4, and TSH levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) at SAEC of Nyala with reference ranges 0.4 - 4.4 mIU/L, 0.69 - 2.02 nmol/L, and 50 - 150 nmol/L for TSH, T3, and T4 respectively. Subjects of T3 and T4 values above reference ranges with TSH below reference were considered hyperthyroid. The obtained data were analyzed statistically by the statistical package for the social science programme (SPSS), ie. T-test.
Results: Mean oral temperature and circadian rhythm were found to be 37.25 ± 0.34ºC and 0.43 ± 0.30ºC respectively. The effect of sex on mean oral temperature was statistically significant (p = 0.01), whereas age did not show any statistical effect (p = 0.36).
Conclusion: The decreased oral temperature circadian rhythm of thyrotoxic patients, confirms that other body functions also abnormally affected when body temperature circadian rhythm is abnormal.
Determination of Relationship between Thyroid Gland Volume and Anthropometric Indices
Authors: Salaam A. J. , Danjem S. M. , Salaam A. A. , Angba H. A. , Ibinaiye P. O. 
Published: November 2019

Objective: To sonographically determine the thyroid gland volume in normal adults in Jos University Teaching Hospital, as well as how it relates to anthropometric factors.
Background: The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body weighing about 10-25g. It regulates the rate of metabolism and controls the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body. These it does, by producing thyroid hormones, principally thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The accurate estimation of the size of the thyroid is very important for the evaluation and management of thyroid disorders. Thus, knowing the normal size in a geographic location would form a baseline for detecting abnormalities. Ultrasonography is a cheap, readily available, easy to perform and non-invasive method to image the thyroid gland, hence its use in this resource-limited setting.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of sonographic measurement of thyroid gland volume on 400 normal (healthy) adults in Jos, Plateau State, Northern part of Nigeria. All examinations were performed using LOGIC 5, a real-time ultrasound machine using a 10MHZ linear transducer and ultrasound transmission gel to act as a coupling gel. Measurements of each lobe and isthmus were obtained in longitudinal (length), transverse (width) and depth(breath) in centimetres (cm). Blood samples were taken for thyroid function tests. The weight and heights were obtained. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 17. The results were presented in forms of tables, graphs and chart.
Results: The mean thyroid volume for males 6.03 cm3±2.22 was higher than that of females 5.62 cm3±2.14. The mean right lobe volume (RLV) was 3.09 cm3±1.47 and that of males and females were 3.16 cm3 ±1.34 and 3.04 cm3 ±1.55 respectively. The mean left lobe volume (LLV) was 2.69 cm3 ± 1.37 and that of males and females were 2.89 cm3±1.32 and 2.57 cm3±1.39 respectively. The right lobe volume was significantly greater than the left lobe(p=0.000). The total mean isthmus volume was 0.27 cm3±0.31. The mean isthmus volume in males 0.3±0.28 is significantly higher than that of females 0.24±0.23 (p=0.025). The BMI increases in females with increasing age. BMI and BSA are higher in males.
Conclusion: The volume obtained in this study was slightly lower than those reported by previous studies in Nigerian adults. The right lobe volume was higher than that of the left and the volume was higher in males compared to females. Anthropometric parameters were noted to affect the thyroid volume.
Reduced P53 Protein Level and Evidence of Ongoing Coagulation among HIV-Infected Persons Accessing Treatment at University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Authors: Akwiwu E. C. , Okafor A. O. , Akpotuzor J. O. , Onukak E. E. 
Published: November 2019

Aims: To assess tumour suppressing activity and ongoing coagulation among persons living with HIV infection and accessing care in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
Study Design: Case-control study.
Place and Duration of Study: University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar, Nigeria, between April 2018 and November 2018.
Methods: Ninety persons living with HIV infection who were attending clinics at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital were enrolled with ninety age and sex-matched HIV seronegative individuals who served as control subjects. The blood specimen was collected from each participant for analyses of CD4 cell and full blood counts by automation, serum was used for the assays of P53 protein and D-dimer levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test kits. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0. Student t-test was used to compare means between test and control subjects. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare means across the HAART-naïve and two other groups on different HAART protocols. Statistical significance was drawn at a p≤ 0.05.
Results: The CD4 cell count and P53 protein level reduced while D-dimer level increased in HIV infection. Platelet count also reduced while platelet distribution width increased with the condition. While CD4 cell count improved with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy administration, D-dimer level, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width reduced.
Conclusion: This study observed reduced tumour suppression and increased coagulation activities alongside immunosuppression in HIV infection.
The Relationship between Emergency Medical Services Staff Knowledge of Basic Life Support Indicators
Authors: Raeisi Masoud , Saberinia Amin , Dolatabadi Ali Arhami , Kashani Parvin 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: One of the most important steps to save patients is to perform resuscitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practice of emergency personnel in Tehran regarding the baseline level of resuscitation operations.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 200 emergency personnel working in Tehran. The level of awareness questionnaire with 45 qualifications and the base of BLS indicators was prepared and collected.
Results: According to Chi-square test, there was a significant correlation between age and practical score. Also, there was a significant relationship between the ALS courses and the acquired theoretical score.
Conclusion: The results of the increase in awareness of this study in relation to previous studies in Iran and especially in the region show that during the last few years, the level of knowledge of medical emergencies personnel has had good improvement, while on the other hand, although there has been improvement in the performance compared with last few years.