bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Properties of Chemical Composition-Tuned SnPx/C Nanocomposite Anode in a Sodium-Ion Battery
Authors: Song Hayong , Lee Hwon-gi , Eom KwangSup 
Published: February 2020

Tin phosphides (SnPx) has been considered as one of the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to the high theoretical volumetric and gravimetric capacities. Nevertheless, SnPx has a low electrical conductivity and undergoes the severe pulverization resulted from a large volume change during sodiation/desodiation process, which leads to rapid decline in the performance. These problems can be solved by tuning nanostructure of the composite materials composed of SnPx and conductive carbon materials. On the other hand, SnPx has three different forms depending on phosphorus (P) content, Sn4P3, SnP, and SnP3, the higher the P content provide the higher theoretical capacity because the theoretical capacity of P is about three times higher than metallic tin. However, only a method using ball milling has been reported for the synthesis of SnPx having a high P content, and the nanostructure can’t be precisely controlled by this method [1]. Additionally, solvothermal method between metallic tin and red P allows to prepare thenanostructured SnPx/C composite, however, it gives only Sn4P3 phase which has the lowest P content [2].
In this work, to suggest the appropriate nanostructure and P content to obtain the high reversible capacity of SnPx as well as improved rate capability in SIBs, we synthesized hybrid nanocomposites composed of size-controlled SnPx (x = 3/4, 1, and 3) nanoparticles and low-dimensional carbon material by a facile direct reaction method between liquid phase tin and gas phase P. Through this method, we could control the Sn/P composition by regulating of cooling rate after reaction and P partial pressure in a reactor, which is confirmed by XRD analysis of Fig. 1(a). Using the three types of as-prepared SnPx/C composites with different P contents and nanostructures., we investigated their electrochemical properties for sodium ion battery anodes The obtained SnPx/C nanocomposite with x=3/4, 1, and 2 showed 500, 610, and 810 mAh g-1 of reversible capacities, respectively, as anode active materials of SIBs. Although SnPx with the higher the P content gave the enhanced reversible capacity, the poor rate capability and cycle durability were obtained presumably due to the increased internal resistance components and volume expansion ratio. For this reason, SnPx/C anode requires the empty space, where the volume expansion of sodiated SnPx can be accommodated without pulverization. Specifically, by preparing the Yolk-shell structured SnP/C (Y-SnP/C) composite (Fig. 1(b)), we achieved 3 times larger capacity retention at 3.2 A g-1 of current density as shown in Fig. 1(c).

References

[1] X. Fan, J. Mao, Y. Zhu, C. Luo, L. Suo, T. Gao, F. Han, S-C. Liou, and C. Wang, Adv. Energy Mater., 2015, 5, 1500174
[2] J. Liu, P. Kopold, C. Wu, P. A. van Aken, J. Maier, and Y. Yu, Energy Environ. Sci., 2015, 8, 3531-3538

Figure 1
Phase Inversion Strategy to Flexible Freestanding Electrodes: Critical Coupling of Binders and Electrolytes for High Performance Li-S Battery
Authors: Wahyudi Wandi , Chao Zhen , Kumar Pushpendra , Li Mengliu , Wu Yingqiang , Hedhili Mohammed N. , Cavallo Luigi , Li Lain-Jong , Ming Jun , Anthopoulos Thomas D. 
Published: February 2020

Development of flexible and freestanding electrode is fascinating for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries to enable higher gravimetric energy density and wider potential applications. However, the lithium polysulfides shuttle effect remains challenging and leads to a severe capacity fading. Here, we study the sulfur cathode prepared via phase inversion method with polyethersulfone (PES) polymeric binder and the coupling strategy of the electrode with polysulfide-modified electrolyte to enhance the cells performance. The flexible/freestanding electrode was successfully prepared by the efficient and straight forward method, even it is possible for massive production of electrodes with various size. The resultant polymeric networks in the electrode can effectively trap the soluble polysulfides owing to the higher hydrophilicity and stronger affinity of PES than that with the routine polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder. Furthermore, we show a two-fold enhancement of the cell performance by coupling the electrode with polysulfide-modified electrolyte, giving an improved capacity of 1141 mAh g-1, lower polarization of 192 mV and more stable capacity retention with 100% Coulombic efficiency over 100 cycles at 0.25C. The advantages of favored strategy are further demonstrated in lithium-ion sulfur full battery with lithiated graphite anode, which demonstrates much improved performance than those previously reported. This work successfully introduces an efficient strategy for flexible/freestanding electrodes and enlightens the importance of coupling strategy to enhance the performances of Li-S batteries.
Figure 1. (a) Digital photographs of the as-prepared composite via phase inversion method. (b) Cycle performance of half-cells using 2-layer PES-CNT-S and PVDF-CNT-S cathodes with polysulfide(PS)-free electrolyte and polysulfide(PS)-modified electrolyte at 0.25C.
REFERENCES

W. Wahyudi, Z. Cao, P. Kumar, M. Li, Y. Wu, M. N. Hedhili, T. D. Anthopoulos, L. Cavallo, L. J. Li, J. Ming, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2018, 28 (34), 1802244.

J. Ming, Z. Cao, W. Wahyudi, M. Li, P. Kumar, Y. Wu, J.-Y. Hwang, M. N. Hedhili, L. Cavallo, Y.-K. Sun, L. J. Li, ACS Energy Lett., 2018, 3 (2), 335-340.

W. Wang, Z. Cao, G. A. Elia, Y. Wu, W. Wahyudi, E. Abou-Hamad, A. H. Emwas, L. Cavallo, L. J. Li, J. Ming, ACS Energy Lett., 2018, 3 (12), 2899-2907.

Figure 1
In Situ Ambient Pressure X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Studies of Potassium-Oxygen Redox Reactions
Authors: Wang Wanwan , Wang Yu , Wang Chia-Hsin , Yang Yaw-Wen , Lu Yi-Chun 
Published: February 2020

Rechargeable potassium−oxygen (K–O2) batteries have received much attention owing to their higher theoretical energy density (935 Wh/kg, K + O2 = KO2,
E
0 = 2.48 V) compared to conventional lithium−ion batteries and their superior round-trip efficiency.1-3 In order to realize commercialization of K–O2 batteries, identifying fundamental barriers and instability that hinder the development of K–O2 batteries is required. In situ characterization methods provide valuable insight into the discharge/charge mechanisms of metal-oxygen batteries, especially the K-O2 discharge products are highly sensitive to the uncontrolled contaminations. In this work, we employed in-situ ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS)4, 5 and examine in situ the chemistry of K-O2 reaction products under ultra high vacuum (UHV) and oxygen condition using APXPS. We will discuss the chemical changes of the K-O2 system during discharge and charge conditions. We show that combining in situ APXPS and electrochemical characterization techniques, the formation and disappearance of K-O2 reaction products can be directly visualized.
Acknowledgement:
This work was supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council (RGC) of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China, T23-601/17-R.
Reference:

X. Ren and Y. Wu, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135, 2923 (2013).

G. Cong, W. Wang, N.-C. Lai, Z. Liang and Y.-C. Lu, Nat. Mater., 18, 390 (2019).

W. Wang, N. C. Lai, Z. Liang, Y. Wang and Y. C. Lu, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 57, 5042 (2018).

Y.-C. Lu, E. J. Crumlin, G. M. Veith, J. R. Harding, E. Mutoro, L. Baggetto, N. J. Dudney, Z. Liu and Y. Shao-Horn, Sci. Rep., 2, 715 (2012).

Y.-C. Lu, E. J. Crumlin, T. J. Carney, L. Baggetto, G. M. Veith, N. J. Dudney, Z. Liu and Y. Shao-Horn, J. Phys. Chem. C, 117, 25948 (2013).
Evaluation of Trihalide Ion’s Ability As Redox Mediators in Lithium Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Kim Hun , Sun Yang-Kook 
Published: February 2020

Redox mediators have been intensively studied for increasing the energy efficiency and cycle life of lithium oxygen(Li-O2) batteries by reducing the high overpotential, which induces degradation of cell components. Lithium halides have been explored as representative redox mediators in Li-O2 batteries because of their low redox potential under 3.6 V. However, there is still controversy about the proper form of halide materials as redox mediators to decompose the discharge product of Li-O2 batteries, lithium peroxide (Li2O2). Therefore, we conducted quantitative analyses such as UV–Vis and GC-MS to confirm the ability of different halide materials to decompose Li2O2 as redox mediators in Li-O2 batteries. By controlling the byproducts during discharge and exempting the misunderstandings when using commercial Li2O2 powder, we clearly demonstrated that triiodide (I3
−) and tribromide (Br3
−) have sufficient ability to decompose Li2O2 in Li-O2 batteries.
[1] W.-J. Kwak, D. Hirshberg, D. Sharon, M. Afri, A.A. Frimer, H.-G. Jung, D. Aurbach and Y.-K.Sun, Energy Environ. Sci.
2016, 9, 2334.
[2] W.-J. Kwak, D. Hirshberg, D. Sharon, H.-J. Shin, M. Afri, J.-B. Park, A. Garsuch, F.F. Chesneau, A.A. Frimer, D. Aurbach and Y.-K. Sun, J. Mater. Chem. A
2015, 3, 8855.
[3] W.-J. Kwak, H. Kim, H.-G. Jung, D. Aurbach and Y.-K. Sun, J. Electrochem. Soc.
2018, 165, A2274.
Self-Organized Titania Nanotubes for Advanced Li-Ion Microbatteries
Authors: Djenizian Thierry 
Published: February 2020

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used to power portable devices, microelectronics, vehicles, etc. With many advantages such as high surface area and improved charge transport, self-supported 3-D nanostructured metal oxides such as titania nanotubes (TiO2nts) are promising electrode materials for LIBs and their impact is particularly significant when considering the miniaturization of energy storage systems and the development of 3D microbatteries.
This paper is dedicated to the fabrication of all-solid-state Li-ion microbatteries using modified TiO2nts as negative electrodes [1-9]. Effects of material selection and processing on the performance and reliability are presented as a means to develop conceptual guidelines to understand and improve microbattery designs. Different chemical modifications of nanotubes by doping processes, ALD technique and by the conformal electrodeposition of polymer electrolytes will be presented. The fabrication of full 3D all-solid-state microcells showing high electrochemical performance have been achieved and the development of the next generation of 3D flexible microbatteries will be also introduced.

References

[1] B.L. Ellis, P. Knauth, T. Djenizian, Adv. Mater., 26, 3368 (2014)
[2] N. Plylahan, M. Letiche, M. Barr, and T. Djenizian, Electrochem. Commun., 43, 121 (2014)
[3] N. Plylahan, A. Demoulin, C. Lebouin, P. Knauth, T. Djenizian, RSC Adv., 5, 28474 (2015)
[4] N. Plylahan, M. Letiche, M. Barr, B. Ellis, S. Maria, T. N. T. Phan, E. Bloch, P. Knauth, and T. Djenizian, J. Power Sources, 273, 1182 (2015)
[5] G. Salian, C. Lebouin, A. Demoulin, S. Maria, P. Knauth, M. Lepihin, A. Galeyeva, A. Kurbatov, and T. Djenizian, J.

Power Sources, 340, 242 (2017)
[6] I. V. Ferrari, M. Braglia, T. Djenizian, and P. Knauth, J. Power Sources, 353, 95 (2017)
[7] G. Salian, B. M. Koo, C. Lefevre, T. Cottineau, C. Lebouin, A. T. Tesfaye, P. Knauth, V. Keller, T. Djenizian, Adv. Mater. Technol., 3, 1700274 (2018)
[8] Fraoucene, V. A. Sugiawati, D. Hatem, M. S. Belkaid, F. Vacandio, M. Eyraud, M. Pasquinelli, T. Djenizian, Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Self-Organized TiO2 Nanotube Arrays From Anodized Ti−6Al−4V Alloy, Front. Chem., 7, 66 (2019)
[9] G. D. Salian, C. Lebouin, M. Galeyeva, A. P. Kurbatov, T. Djenizian, Electrodeposition of polymer electrolyte into porous LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 for high performance all-solid-state microbatteries, Front. Chem., 7, 675 (2019)

Figure 1
The Role of Metallic Protection Layers in Extending the Stability of Nasicon Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries
Authors: Cortes Francisco Javier Quintero , Lewis John A , Tippens Jared , Kondekar Neha , McDowell Matthew T 
Published: February 2020

Solid-state batteries with lithium metal anodes are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices with improved safety and higher energy density. However, most solid electrolytes with practical ionic conductivities are thermodynamically unstable against lithium metal. Upon interfacial contact with lithium metal, unstable solid electrolytes undergo phase transformations that can be detrimental to battery performance. Lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP) is a NASICON-type solid electrolyte with relatively high ionic conductivity (10-4 - 10-3 S/cm) and chemical resistance to air and moisture. However, LAGP reacts with lithium to form an electrically-conducting interphase. This interphase continues to propagate from the interface towards the bulk of the solid electrolyte, ultimately leading to failure by causing the solid electrolyte to fracture [1]. In this work, we find that a thin layer of a metal that does not alloy with Li can extend the cycle life of LAGP in symmetric lithium cells from 30 h to more than 800 h at moderate current densities. Interestingly, this significantly improved electrochemical stability is not due to the prevention of interphase formation. Instead, the metal layer alters the morphology evolution of the interphase, creating a uniform and compact interphase. In addition, we find that the inclusion of an electrically insulating thin film, such as Al2O3, between the metal protection layer and the solid electrolyte favors lithium plating and prevents interphase formation over short periods of time. This dual layer approach also extends the electrochemical stability to more than 1000 h during cycling. However, using only the insulator without a metal is not beneficial for electrochemical stability. These results suggest that metallic protection layers may be necessary for attaining stable cycling even if suitable electrically insulating protection layers are developed to completely prevent interphase formation. Our findings are important for enabling the use of a wider range of solid electrolyte materials in solid-state batteries.
[1] J.A. Lewis, et at. Interphase Morphology between a Solid-State Electrolyte and Lithium Controls Cell Failure. ACS Energy Lett. 2019, 4, 2, 591-599
Direct Observation of Lithium Dendrite Morphology, Propagation, and Reversibility in Garnet Solid Electrolytes Via Operando Video Microscopy
Authors: Kazyak Eric , Garcia-Mendez Regina , LePage William S. , Davis Andrew L. , Sanchez Adrian J. , Sharafi Asma , Chen Kuan-Hung , Sakamoto Jeff , Dasgupta Neil P. 
Published: February 2020

Among the most promising strategies to enable Li metal anodes for next-generation rechargeable batteries is the use of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs). This new generation of batteries with higher gravimetric and volumetric energy density will be critical to the development of a range of applications, perhaps most importantly for electric vehicles (EVs). To date, however, stabilization of the Li metal/SSE interface at high rates of charge has proven challenging in many material systems. The nucleation and propagation of Li filaments has been observed to cause short-circuit in a range of promising SSE materials.1 As fast-charge capability is a key requirement for many applications, but in particular for EVs, overcoming this challenge is critical to enabling the use of Li metal anodes. Limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which these Li structures nucleate and propagate within SSE materials has prevented rational design of solutions to the problem.2

In this work, a new operando visualization platform is developed and used to study the propagation of Li filaments within garnet LLZO SSE materials at current densities relevant to fast charge capability. Time-synchronization of voltage traces with high resolution video microscopy reveal new insights into the nature of the dendritic structures, the mechanism by which they propagate, and their reversibility. Post-mortem electron microscopy analysis of specific sites in the operando experiments provides a high resolution, 3D perspective of the structures, and helps to identify pathways for improved performance.

References

1. L. Porz et al., Adv. Energy Mater., 1701003, 1701003 (2017)
2. M. Wang, J. B. Wolfenstine, and J. Sakamoto, Electrochim. Acta, 296, 842–847 (2019).
Hybrid Ceramic Solid State Electrolyte for High Performance Solid State Batteries
Authors: Thanapisitikul Piyathip , Gattu Bharat , Datta Moni Kanchan , Ramalinga Bandi , Kumta Prashant Nagesh 
Published: February 2020

There is a global demand for high energy storage systems for portable consumer devices such as cell phones, laptops, including electric vehicles. Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are the most promising options due to the high volumetric, gravimetric energy, and power densities. Current LIBs using LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMnO4, and LiFePO4 cathodes coupled with a graphite anode exhibit a power density of 100-260 Whkg-1 [1]. With the advent of high capacity Li – S system, efforts are focused on replacing low capacity carbon based anodes with Li metal and composite systems. However, the Li metal plating process on Cu/Li substrates shows undesirable performance due to unstable Li plating leading to formation of high surface area Li, loss of Li due to uneven plating/deplating, increase in internal resistance and formation of the deleterious Li dendrites [2-4]. These characteristic plating phenomena, result in low columbic efficiencies, increase in plating/deplating potentials as well as ensuing hysteresis losses. As a result, there is rapid fade in specific capacity/energy density combined with thermal run away due to either increased internal resistance or internal short-circuiting of the cell due to the formation and growth of unwanted dendrites running the risk of explosive failure of the cells.
Novel hybrid ceramic electrolytes (HCE) were developed utilizing Inorganic Framework Materials Networks (IFM) with enhanced Li+ diffusion utilizing the low activation energy for surface migration. The crystallographic channels in the inorganic framework provide pathways for efficient transport of Li+ ions thus making them attractive ceramic electrolyte materials. The ionic conductivity measurements of these ceramic electrolytes were conducted in Li/Li symmetric CR2025 coin cell. These novel ceramic electrolytes show a Li+ conductivity of ~ 1.26 x 10-4 S/cm. Subsequently the coin cells were cycled at different current densities ranging from 0.5mA/cm2 to 4mA/cm2 and their plating/deplating over-potentials were recorded and analyzed. These hybrid ceramic electrolytes show low plating/deplating potentials ranging from 100mV@1mA/cm2 – 450mV @4mA/cm2 comparable with garnet based solid state electrolytes. Subsequently, the electrolytes were tested for electrochemical performance against Cu and new high interfacial energy alloy based collect collectors identified in a coin cell and their coulombic efficiency recorded. The hybrid ceramic electrolytes show columbic efficiency of ~97-99% for a constant plating and deplating current density of 0.5mA/cm2 for 1h (charge density~0.5mAh/cm2) when tested with Cu electrodes.
The full cell electrochemical performance, SEM analysis of plated and deplated electrodes, combined with Raman and infrared spectroscopy results will be presented and discussed.

Figure 1
(Invited) Plane-Selective Coatings of Layered Oxide Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Hanseul , Lee Kyu Tae 
Published: February 2020

Since one of the failure modes of Li-ion batteries is irreversible surface reactions, surface chemistry plays an important role in determining the electrochemical performance of Li-ion batteries.[1,2] For example, transition metal dissolution and electrolyte decomposition on the cathode surface at high voltages and temperatures cause poor electrochemical performance. In this connection, many research groups investigated various coated cathode materials, such as metal oxides, metal fluorides, and carbon-coated cathode materials.[3] These surface modifications reduced the irreversible surface reactions, leading to the improved electrochemical performance.
Surface-modified cathode materials are usually obtained via sol-gel synthesis, dry coating, and atomic layer deposition. These coating techniques are pursuing to uniform coating covering the whole surface of cathode powders. However, the full coverage of coating layers interrupts the charge-transfer of Li+ ions, resulting in poor rate capability. Therefore, if we are able to coat specific facets of cathode powders except for the charge-transfer planes, we can improve the rate performance of cathode materials.
In this presentation, we introduce a plane-selective coating of layered oxide cathode materials as a new coating technique. For example, we demonstrate that metal oxide coating layers are grown plane-selectively on the LiCoO2(001) surface. We carried out scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analysis with a high-angle annual dark field (HAADF) mode to observe the plane-selective coatings. We also performed the theoretical calculations to understand the origin of the plane-selective coatings. The plane-selectively coated LiCoO2 showed better electrochemical performance than did the conventionally coated LiCoO2. Moreover, we demonstrate that the plane-selective coating can be extended to various layered oxide cathode materials for Li-ion batteries.
References:
[1] B. Xu, D. Qian, Z. Wang, Y. S. Meng, Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports 2012, 73, 51
[2] W. Li, A. Dolocan, P. Oh, H. Celio, S. Park, J. Cho, A. Manthiram, Nat Commun 2017, 8, 14589
[3] Y.-K. Sun, C. S. Yoon, S.-T. Myung, I. Belharouak, K. Amine, Journal of The Electrochemical Society 2009, 156, A1005