bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanding the invasion footprint:Ventenata dubiaand relationships to wildfire, environment, and plant communities in the Blue Mountains of the Inland Northwest, USA
Authors: Tortorelli Claire M. , Krawchuk Meg A. , Kerns Becky K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractQuestionsA recently introduced non‐native annual grass,Ventenata dubia, is challenging previous conceptions of community resistance in forest mosaic communities in the Inland Northwest. However, little is known of the drivers and potential ecological impacts of this rapidly expanding species. Here we (1) identify abiotic and biotic habitat characteristics associated with theV. dubiainvasion and examine how these differ betweenV. dubiaand other problematic non‐native annual grasses,Bromus tectorumandTaeniatherum caput‐medusae; and (2) determine how burning influences relationships betweenV. dubiaand plant community composition and structure to address potential impacts on Inland Northwest forest mosaic communities.LocationBlue Mountains of the Inland Northwest, USA.MethodsWe measured environmental and plant community characteristics in 110 recently burned and nearby unburned plots. Plots were stratified to capture a range ofV. dubiacover, elevations, biophysical classes, and fire severities. We investigated relationships betweenV. dubia, wildfire, environmental, and plant community characteristics using non‐metric multidimensional scaling and linear regressions.ResultsVentenata dubiawas most abundant in sparsely vegetated, basalt‐derived rocky scablands interspersed throughout the forested landscape. Plant communities most heavily invaded byV. dubiawere largely uninvaded by other non‐native annual grasses.Ventenata dubiawas abundant in both unburned and burned areas, but negative relationships betweenV. dubiacover and community diversity were stronger in burned plots, where keystone sagebrush species were largely absent after fire.ConclusionsVentenata dubiais expanding the overall invasion footprint into previously uninvaded communities. Burning may exacerbate negative relationships betweenV. dubiaand species richness, evenness, and functional diversity, including in communities that historically rarely burned. Understanding the drivers and impacts of theV. dubiainvasion and recognizing how these differ from other annual grass invasions may provide insight into mechanisms of community invasibility, grass‐fire feedbacks, and aid the development of species‐specific management plans.
The impact of lower body compression garment on left ventricular rotational mechanics in patients with lipedema—Insights from the three‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiographic MAGYAR‐Path Study
Authors: Nemes Attila , Kormányos Árpád , Domsik Péter , Kalapos Anita , Kemény Lajos , Szolnoky Győző 
Published: June 2020

SummaryLipedema is a lymphedema‐masquerading symmetrical, bilateral and disproportional obesity. Its conservative maintenance treatment comprises the use of flat‐knitted compression pantyhoses. Lipedema is known to be associated with left ventricular morphological and functional alterations. The present study aimed to assess the effects of graduated compression stockings on left ventricular (LV) rotational mechanics measured by three‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) in lipedema patients. The present study comprised twenty lipedema patients (mean age: 45.8 ± 11.0 years, all females) undergoing 3DSTE who were also compared to 51 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls (mean age: 39.8 ± 14.1 years, all females). 3DSTE analysis was performed at rest, and subsequent to 1 hour application of compression class 2 made‐to‐measure flat‐knitted pantyhose. Six lipedema patients showed significant LV rotational abnormalities. Of the remaining fourteen lipedema patients LV basal rotation rotation showed significant reduction, while LV apical rotation showed significant increase with unchanged LV twist after a 60‐minute use of compression garment. Significant changes in LV rotational mechanics could be detected among 14 women with lipedema after the use of compression garment however six probands have special LV rotational abnormalities at baseline and/or after compression.
Persistent hydrocele fluid in a patient with transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: Sarlanis Helen , Stravodimos Konstantinos , Papaioannou Christos , Lazaris Andreas , Mikou Panagiota 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis is a case of hydrocele fluid cytology, with very atypical cells, in a patient with a clinical history of urothelial carcinoma. The atypical cells were suspicious for malignancy and the differential diagnosis is discussed.
Effectiveness of suction valve button removal in retrieving resected colon polyps for better histological assessment: Propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Kishida Yoshihiro , Hotta Kinichi , Imai Kenichiro , Ito Sayo , Yabuuchi Yohei , Yoshida Masao , Kawata Noboru , Kakushima Naomi , Takizawa Kohei , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Matsubayashi Hiroyuki , Ono Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2020

Background and AimFragmentation of endoscopically resected colorectal polyps during retrieval is one of the limitations for appropriate pathological diagnosis; however, little is known about steps to reduce it. We aimed to evaluate the effect of removing the suction valve button, which is one of the intricate parts of the endoscope, during polyp suction retrieval for fragmentation and pathological diagnosis.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the polyps retrieved by suctioning. We used the propensity score matching method to adjust for difference between the button‐attached and button‐removed groups. Outcomes of fragmentation, pathological diagnosis of non‐neoplastic polypectomy (NNP), and pathological cut‐end among neoplastic lesions were evaluated.ResultsOn the basis of propensity score matching, 322 pairs of cases were selected for analysis. After matching, the difference in the variables between the two groups was closely balanced. The fragmentation rate was significantly different between the groups (button‐attached 36.6% vs. button‐removed 22.4%, P < 0.001). No significant difference in the NNP rate was observed between the two groups (button‐attached 8.4% vs. button‐removed 9.9%). The rate of unclear cut‐end was lower in the button‐removed group than in the button‐attached group (16.2% vs. 9.1%, P = 0.010). In the multivariate analysis, button removal was independently associated with reductions of fragmentation (odds ratio [OR] 0.508, P < 0.001) and unclear cut‐end (OR 0.503, P = 0.009). Also, NNP was associated with smaller lesion size (OR 0.364, P < 0.001), but not with button removal.ConclusionsSuction valve button removal during polyp suction retrieval was an effective method to decrease the rates of fragmentation and histological unclear margins.
Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction caused by a right coronary cusp prolapse: An unusual finding
Authors: Gourav Krishna Prasad , Niyogi Subhrashis Guha , Halder Vikram , Negi Sunder , Singh Avneet 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPatients with large sub‐pulmonic ventricular septal defect (VSD) present early as a results of their complications. Some present late, due to the restriction of VSD by the right coronary cusp (RCC) due to its prolapse. In this report, we present a rare case of sub‐pulmonic VSD in a 33‐year‐old man who developed a sub‐pulmonic stenosis due to the prolapse of the RCC into the right ventricular outflow tract.
Predictors for delayed antibiotic administration among bacteraemic patients in the Emergency Department: Differences between medical and surgical interns
Authors: Papadimitriou‐Olivgeris Matthaios , Perdikis Konstantinos , Cois Michela , Roth Léa , Mykoniati Sofia , Nusbaumer Charly , Monnerat Luce Bertaiola , Duplain Hervé 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundBloodstream infections (BSIs) have been associated with high mortality. The aim of the study was to identify predictors of early (within 3 hours from triage) administration of first antibiotic dose among patients evaluated in the Emergency Department (ED) with BSI and their role in mortality.Materials and methodsAll adult patients with BSI at the ED of the Hospital of Jura, Switzerland during a 3 year period (July 2014 to June 2017) were included.ResultsAmong 364 BSI, the most common sites of infection were urinary tract (39.6% of BSIs), lower respiratory tract (15.4%), intra‐abdominal (15.4%) and primary BSI (9.1%). One‐hundred‐seventy‐eight patients (48.9%) received the first antibiotic dose within 3 hours from triage. Multivariate analysis identified evaluation by internal medicine intern, triage scales 1 and 2, as predictors of early antibiotic administration, while, primary BSI was associated with delayed antibiotic administration. Thirty‐day mortality was 12.9% (47 patients). Charlson comorbidity index, septic shock, low respiratory tract infection were independently associated with mortality, while antibiotic administration within 3 hours from triage and source control within 48 hours from triage were associated with survival.ConclusionsThe majority of patients received the first antibiotic dose after 3 hours Patients evaluated by surgical interns had a significant delay in administration of antibiotics as compared to those treated by medical interns.
Retrospective analysis of trauma incidence in patients with temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Bal Burcu , Koksal Temel , Ebeoglu Bugce , Oral Koray 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground/AimThe relationships between direct trauma, whiplash injuries, and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have not been well established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the percentage of direct and/or whiplash trauma in patients with TMDs.Material and MethodsThe clinical records of 237 patients with temporomandibular disorders who had sought treatment at the Orofacial Pain Clinic were reviewed. Clinical data for age and gender of the patients, history of trauma, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds, and TMD diagnosis were extracted from the medical records of all included patients. The presence of TMJ sounds and TMD diagnosis had been determined based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs.ResultsThe mean age of patients with osteoarthritis was significantly higher than that of patients with disk displacement with reduction (P = .001, P ˂ .05). There was no statistically significant gender‐based difference in diagnosis, clicking, crepitus, and trauma frequency (P > .05). A history of direct and whiplash trauma was observed in 18.6% and 14.8% of patients, respectively. Statistical analysis for the relationship between clicking and crepitus, and trauma showed no significant correlation (P > .05).ConclusionDirect and/or whiplash trauma in patients with temporomandibular disorders were not associated with the diagnostic records and temporomandibular joint sounds.
MALT‐1 as a novel therapeutic target for adult T‐cell leukemia
Authors: Ishikawa Chie , Mori Naoki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesT‐cell receptor (TCR) signaling‐induced activation of NF‐κB requires assembly of the CARD11‐BCL10‐MALT‐1 complex and IκB kinase (IKK). Gain‐of‐function alterations in this component of the TCR/NF‐κB pathway are associated with the development of HTLV‐1‐driven adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL). We aimed to determine whether inhibition of MALT‐1‐mediated NF‐κB activation could have anti‐ATL activity.MethodsRT‐PCR, immunoblotting, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were performed to assess expression levels of MALT‐1 and the intracellular signaling cascades. Cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptotic events were examined using WST‐8 assays, flow cytometry, and Hoechst 33342 staining.ResultsMALT‐1 expression was upregulated in ATL‐derived T‐cell lines compared to that in normal PBMCs and uninfected or HTLV‐1‐transformed T‐cell lines. Targeting MALT‐1 with siRNA decreased cell proliferation. A MALT‐1 inhibitor (MI‐2) suppressed cleavage of the MALT‐1‐target protein, CYLD, and inhibited proliferation via G1 phase arrest. MI‐2 induced apoptosis through caspase‐3/8/9 activation and inhibited the phosphorylation of IKKα/β and IκBα, resulting in the accumulation of IκBα and suppression of NF‐κB‐DNA binding. Additionally, MI‐2 inhibited the expression of apoptosis‐ and cell cycle‐related proteins regulated by NF‐κB.ConclusionsMALT‐1 plays an important regulatory role in NF‐κB signaling during ATL‐genesis, and targeting MALT‐1 is a promising therapeutic strategy for this disease.
Caecal impactions: Diagnosis, management and prognosis
Authors: Velloso Alvarez A. , Reid Hanson R. , Schumacher J. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryA caecal impaction can be caused by an accumulation of dry ingesta (type I) or abnormal caecal motility resulting in a feed impaction of fluid consistency (type II). Horses that develop a caecal impaction have often been administered a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) during hospitalisation for treatment of a painful condition such as an ocular or orthopaedic disease. Clinical signs of caecal impaction can be mild, and progress to more moderate to severe signs of abdominal pain as the impaction enlarges. Since an impacted caecum has a high risk of rupture, early diagnosis and treatment are important. Horses with a caecal impaction can be treated medically or surgically, and treatment decisions are based on clinical signs, results of transrectal palpation, character of peritoneal fluid and response to medical management. For type I caecal impaction, medical management consists of aggressive fluid therapy, both intravenous and enteral, to soften ingesta. Fluid therapy can be combined with laxatives, motility‐enhancing drugs and analgesic drugs. Surgery is indicated if results of transrectal abdominal examination indicate that the impaction is unchanged or has enlarged, signs of abdominal pain increase, or if there is cardiovascular deterioration. Horses with type II caecal impaction have a greater chance of survival if managed surgically. Using a ventral mid‐line celiotomy approach, a caecal impaction can be resolved via a typhlotomy. When caecal motility is poor, or there are signs of chronic caecal dysfunction, a caecal bypass procedure (jejunocolostomy or ileocolostomy) should be considered. Although the prognosis for horses with a caecal impaction is claimed to be fair to good, choice of treatment is controversial and may influence prognosis. If the affected horse survives to discharge from the hospital, the long‐term prognosis is generally good. Many retrospective studies of cases of caecal impaction are weakened by failure to distinguish between types I and II.
Retrospective analysis of the influence of environmental drivers on commercial stocks and fishing opportunities in the Irish Sea
Authors: Bentley Jacob W. , Serpetti Natalia , Fox Clive J. , Heymans Johanna J. , Reid David G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIrish Sea fisheries have undergone considerable change in recent years following the decline of commercially important finfish stocks and their slow response to management's recovery plans. In 2015, the fishing industry called for a holistic exploration into the impact of environmental change and food web effects to identify the drivers underpinning stock dynamics. In this study, we identify correlations between large‐scale climatic indicators, temperature, primary and secondary productivity, and fish recruitment in the Irish Sea and incorporate them into an Ecopath with Ecosim food web model co‐created by scientists and fishers. Negative correlations were found between the North Atlantic Oscillation winter index (NAOw) and large zooplankton abundance and between the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the recruitment of cod (Gadus morhua) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus). Using correlation analyses to direct the addition of environmental drivers to the Irish Sea ecosystem model improved the models fit against observed biomass and catch data and revealed the indirect impacts of environmental change as mitigated through trophic interactions. Model simulations suggest that historic environmental change suppressed the overall production of commercial finfish, limiting opportunities for the fishing industry, whilst also dampening the rate of stock recovery despite marked reductions in fishing effort. These results suggest that failure to account for ecosystem information may lead to misconceived expectations and flawed fisheries management; therefore, there is a need to operationalize ecosystem information through management procedures to support fisheries advice.
Pomphorhynchus laevis manipulates Gammarus pulex behaviour despite salt pollution
Authors: Fanton Hadrien , Franquet Evelyne , Logez Maxime , Kaldonski Nicolas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Salt pollution of freshwater ecosystems represents a major threat to biodiversity, and particularly to interactions between free‐living species and their associated parasites. Acanthocephalan parasites are able to alter their intermediate host's phenotype to reach final hosts, but this process could be affected by salt pollution, thereby compromising survival of the parasite.

We experimentally assessed the impact of salt on the extended phenotype of the parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis in their intermediate host, the amphipod Gammarus pulex, based on three amphipod behaviours: distance covered in flowing water, phototaxis, and geotaxis. We hypothesised that: (1) salt pollution negatively affected the behaviour of uninfected gammarids, and (2) that P. laevis could maintain their capacity to manipulate their host despite this pollution.

All three amphipod behaviours were altered by P. laevis: infected G. pulex covered a greater distance, were less photophobic and were more attracted to the water surface than uninfected amphipods, in control or salt‐polluted water. However, salinity reduced distance covered in flowing water and increased attraction to the water surface of uninfected and infected G. pulex. For the phototaxis behaviour, P. laevis enhanced this capacity of manipulation in salt‐polluted water compared to control water.

Pomphorhynchus laevis can still manipulate the behaviour of their intermediate host in salt‐polluted water. Acanthocephalan parasites have not been known to be able to manipulate their intermediate host when under pollution stress. Trophic interactions, but not the chances of parasite transmission to their definitive host, appear to be affected by salt pollution.

Our study indicates that behavioural modifications induced by complex lifecycle parasites should be more considered in the context of growing concentrations of chemical pollutants in some freshwater ecosystems. Interspecific interactions, and particularly host–parasite relationships, are a key component of ecosystem stability and their alteration could result in major changes in energy flow.
Climate–human interactions contributed to historical forest recruitment dynamics in Mediterranean subalpine ecosystems
Authors: Sangüesa‐Barreda Gabriel , Esper Jan , Büntgen Ulf , Camarero J. Julio , Di Filippo Alfredo , Baliva Michele , Piovesan Gianluca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLong‐term tree recruitment dynamics of subalpine forests mainly depend on temperature changes, but little is known about the feedbacks between historical land use and climate. Here, we analyze a southern European, millennium‐long dataset of tree recruitment from three high‐elevation pine forests located in Mediterranean mountains (Pyrenees, northeastern Spain; Pollino, southern Italy; and Mt. Smolikas, northern Greece). We identify synchronized recruitment peaks in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, following prolonged periods of societal and climate instability. Major European population crises in the 14th and 15th centuries associated with recurrent famines, the Black Death pandemic, and political turmoil are likely to have reduced the deforestation of subalpine environments and caused widespread rewilding. We suggest that a distinct cold phase in the Little Ice Age around 1450 ce could also have accelerated the cessation of grazing pressure, particularly in the Pyrenees, where the demographic crisis was less severe. Most pronounced in the Pyrenees, the enhanced pine recruitment from around 1500–1550 ce coincides with temporarily warmer temperatures associated with a positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. We diagnose that a mixture of human and climate factors has influenced past forest recruitment dynamics in Mediterranean subalpine ecosystems. Our results highlight how complex human–climate interactions shaped forest dynamics during pre‐industrial times and provide historical analogies to recent rewilding.
Application of HbA2 levels and red cell indices‐based new model in the differentiation of thalassemia traits from iron deficiency in hypochromic microcytic anemia Cases
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Zhang Jibo , Wang Chao , Zhou Lihua , Zhou Lu , Ou Dan , Peng Dan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThalassemia traits and iron deficiency anemia are the most common types of hypochromic microcytic anemia with similar clinical and laboratory features. It is vital to establish a new screening model based on HbA2 levels and red cell indices for the differentiation of TT from IDA in hypochromic microcytic anemia cases.MethodThe data comprised of the red blood cell indices and HbA2 prenatal diagnostic test results of 810 individuals who were identified to conform to the following criteria: MCV < 80 fl or MCH < 26 pg. We launched a new model consisting mainly of significative red cell indices and HbA2 levels, as well as proposing cutoff values by using decision trees and logistic regression analyses. Next, we evaluated our new method by comparing the sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values with those of the previous formulas.ResultsWe put forward a new model and compared it with 5 efficient formulas. The new model exhibited the highest accuracy (0.918), with its sensitivity and specificity calculated as 0.917 and 0.921, respectively. Our new model's Youden index was 0.838, which is higher than the other formulas' Youden indices.ConclusionsThe new screening model, based on HbA2 levels and red cell indices, is suitable for the screening of thalassemia patients in the hypochromic microcytic anemia group and has the best efficiency in distinguishing TT and IDA.
Nomilin targets the Keap1‐Nrf2 signalling and ameliorates the development of osteoarthritis
Authors: Xue Xing‐He , Xue Ji‐Xin , Hu Wei , Shi Fang‐Ling , Yang Yang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a long‐term and inflammatory disorder featured by cartilage erosion. Here, we describe nomilin (NOM), a triterpenoid with inflammation modulatory properties in variety of disorders. In this study, we demonstrated the latent mechanism of NOM in alleviating the progress of OA both in vitro and in vivo studies. The results showed that NOM pre‐treatment suppressed the IL‐1β–induced over‐regulation of pro‐inflammation factors, such as NO, IL‐6, PGE2, iNOS, TNF‐α and COX‐2. Moreover, NOM also down‐regulates the degradation of ECM induced by IL‐1β. Mechanistically, the NOM suppressed NF‐κB signalling via disassociation of Keap1‐Nrf2 in chondrocytes. Furthermore, NOM delays the disease progression in the mouse OA model. To sum up, this research indicated NOM possessed a new potential therapeutic option in osteoarthritis.