bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Patient Understanding of Medication Risks and Benefits
Authors: Blalock Susan J. , Solow Elizabeth B. , Reyna Valerie F. , Keebler Molly , Carpenter Delesha , Hunt Caprice , Hickey Genevieve , Curtis Jeffrey R. , O'Neill Kimberlee , Chapman Sandra Bond 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of 2 interventions, including the DrugFactsBox format for presenting written medication information and the SMART (Strategic Memory Advanced Reasoning Training) program designed to enhance gist (i.e., “bottom‐line” meaning) reasoning ability.MethodsWe used a 2 × 2 factorial research design. A total of 286 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups, including DrugFactsBox with the SMART program, DrugFactsBox without the SMART program, other consumer medication information (CMI) with the SMART program, and other CMI without the SMART program. Data were collected via telephone interviews and online questionnaires at 4 time points, including baseline and 6‐week, 3‐month, and 6‐month time points following baseline. The primary outcome variable was informed decision‐making, which was defined as making a value‐consistent decision concerning use of disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs based on adequate knowledge.ResultsWe found no main effects for the 2 interventions, either alone or in combination. However, there was a significant interaction between assignment to the SMART/no SMART groups and informed decision‐making at baseline. Among participants in the SMART groups who did not meet the criteria for informed decision‐making at baseline, 42.5% met the criteria at the 6‐month follow‐up, compared to 23.6% of participants in the no SMART groups (mean difference 18.9 [95% confidence interval 5.6, 32.2]; P = 0.007). This difference was driven by increased knowledge in the SMART groups. Among participants who met the criteria for informed decision‐making at baseline, the difference between the SMART and no SMART groups was not statistically significant.ConclusionParticipation in a theory‐driven program to enhance gist reasoning may have a beneficial effect on informed decision‐making among patients with inadequate knowledge concerning therapeutic options.
Examining the Association of Knee Pain With Modifiable Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Authors: Charen Daniel A. , Solomon David , Zubizarreta Nicole , Poeran Jashvant , Colvin Alexis C. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveA well‐established link exists between obesity and knee osteoarthritis, and recent research has implicated diabetes mellitus as a potential cause of cartilage degeneration. The objective of this study was to use the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database to examine the association between knee pain and various metabolic factors.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study of the NHANES database from 1999 to 2004 was performed. The main outcome was any knee pain and bilateral knee pain. The main effects of interest were body mass index (BMI) and glycohemoglobin A1c. We additionally assessed various patient factors, including age, race, poverty, sex, and smoking status. Multivariable logistic regression models and interaction terms were analyzed.ResultsData on 12,900 patients were included. In the main adjusted analysis, the modifiable risk factors associated with any knee pain were overweight (odds ratio [OR] 0.91 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.85–0.97), obesity (OR 1.54 [95% CI 1.42–1.66]), glycemic control (OR 1.20 [95% CI 1.03–1.38]), and current smoking (OR 1.15 [95% CI 1.05–1.27]) (all P < 0.05). These same factors remain significant for bilateral knee pain. Subgroup analysis showed that patients age <65 years have a 5% increase in the risk of any knee pain as their BMI increases, but patients age ≥65 years have a 10% increase in risk.ConclusionThis study confirms the association of knee pain with increased weight, glycemic control, current smoking, and age. Most of these risk factors can be modified in patients with knee pain and should be discussed when providing conservative treatment options.
Covalent 0D–2D Heterostructuring of Co9S8–MoS2 for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution in All pH Electrolytes
Authors: Kim Minkyung , Anjum Mohsin Ali Raza , Choi Min , Jeong Hu Young , Choi Sun Hee , Park Noejung , Lee Jae Sung 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUltrasmall Co9S8 nanoparticles are introduced on the basal plane of MoS2 to fabricate a covalent 0D–2D heterostructure that enhances the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of electrochemical water splitting. In the heterostructure, separate phases of Co9S8 and MoS2 are formed, but they are connected by Co–S–Mo type covalent bonds. The charge redistribution from Co to Mo occurring at the interface enhances the electron‐doped characteristics of MoS2 to generate electron‐rich Mo atoms. Besides, reductive annealing during the synthesis forms S defects that activates adjacent Mo atoms for further enhanced HER activity as elucidated by the density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Eventually, the covalent Co9S8–MoS2 heterostructure shows amplified HER activity as well as stability in all pH electrolytes. The synergistic effect is pronounced when the heterostructure is coupled with a porous Ni foam (NF) support to form Co9S8–MoS2/NF that displays superior performance to those of the state‐of‐the‐art non‐noble metal electrocatalysts, and even outperforms a commercial Pt/C catalyst in a practically meaningful, high current density region in alkaline (>170 mA cm−2) and neutral (>60 mA cm−2) media. The high HER performance and stability of Co9S8–MoS2 heterostructure make it a promising pH universal alternative to expensive Pt‐based electrocatalysts for practical water electrolyzers.
LipoBots: Using Liposomal Vesicles as Protective Shell of Urease‐Based Nanomotors
Authors: Hortelão Ana C. , García‐Jimeno Sonia , Cano‐Sarabia Mary , Patiño Tania , Maspoch Daniel , Sanchez Samuel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDeveloping self‐powered nanomotors made of biocompatible and functional components is of paramount importance in future biomedical applications. Herein, the functional features of LipoBots (LBs) composed of a liposomal carrier containing urease enzymes for propulsion, including their protective properties against acidic conditions and their on‐demand triggered activation, are reported. Given the functional nature of liposomes, enzymes can be either encapsulated or coated on the surface of the vesicles. The influence of the location of urease on motion dynamics is first studied, finding that the surface‐urease LBs undergo self‐propulsion whereas the encapsulated‐urease LBs do not. However, adding a percolating agent present in the bile salts to the encapsulated‐urease LBs triggers active motion. Moreover, it is found that when both types of nanomotors are exposed to a medium of similar pH found in the stomach, the surface‐urease LBs lose activity and motion capabilities, while the encapsulated‐urease LBs retain activity and mobility. The results for the protection enzyme activity through encapsulation within liposomes and in situ triggering of the motion of LBs upon exposure to bile salts may open new avenues for the use of liposome‐based nanomotors in drug delivery, for example, in the gastrointestinal tract, where bile salts are naturally present in the intestine.
Facile Morphological Qualification of Transferred Graphene by Phase‐Shifting Interferometry
Authors: Lee Ukjae , Woo Yun Sung , Han Yoojoong , Gutiérrez Humberto R. , Kim Un Jeong , Son Hyungbin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPost‐growth graphene transfer to a variety of host substrates for circuitry fabrication has been among the most popular subjects since its successful development via chemical vapor deposition in the past decade. Fast and reliable evaluation tools for its morphological characteristics are essential for the development of defect‐free transfer protocols. The implementation of conventional techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy in production quality control at an industrial scale is difficult because they are limited to local areas, are time consuming, and their operation is complex. However, through a one‐shot measurement within a few seconds, phase‐shifting interferometry (PSI) successfully scans ≈1 mm2 of transferred graphene with a vertical resolution of ≈0.1 nm. This provides crucial morphological information, such as the surface roughness derived from polymer residues, the thickness of the graphene, and its adhesive strength with respect to the target substrates. Graphene samples transferred via four different methods are evaluated using PSI, Raman spectroscopy, and AFM. Although the thickness of the nanomaterials measured by PSI can be highly sensitive to their refractive indices, PSI is successfully demonstrated to be a powerful tool for investigating the morphological characteristics of the transferred graphene for industrial and research purposes.
A Metal–Organic Framework as a Multifunctional Ionic Sieve Membrane for Long‐Life Aqueous Zinc–Iodide Batteries
Authors: Yang Huijun , Qiao Yu , Chang Zhi , Deng Han , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe introduction of the redox couple of triiodide/iodide (I3−/I−) into aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries is a promising energy‐storage resource owing to its safety and cost‐effectiveness. Nevertheless, the limited lifespan of zinc–iodine (Zn–I2) batteries is currently far from satisfactory owing to the uncontrolled shuttling of triiodide and unfavorable side‐reactions on the Zn anode. Herein, space‐resolution Raman and micro‐IR spectroscopies reveal that the Zn anode suffers from corrosion induced by both water and iodine species. Then, a metal–organic framework (MOF) is exploited as an ionic sieve membrane to simultaneously resolve these problems for Zn–I2 batteries. The multifunctional MOF membrane, first, suppresses the shuttling of I3− and restrains related parasitic side‐reaction on the Zn anode. Furthermore, by regulating the electrolyte solvation structure, the MOF channels construct a unique electrolyte structure (more aggregative ion associations than in saturated electrolyte). With the concurrent improvement on both the iodine cathode and the Zn anode, Zn–I2 batteries achieve an ultralong lifespan (>6000 cycles), high capacity retention (84.6%), and high reversibility (Coulombic efficiency: 99.65%). This work not only systematically reveals the parasitic influence of free water and iodine species to the Zn anode, but also provides an efficient strategy to develop long‐life aqueous Zn–I2 batteries.
Highly Reversible O2 Conversions by Coupling LiO2 Intermediate through a Dual‐Site Catalyst in Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Lin Xiaodong , Sun Zongqiang , Tang Chun , Hong Yuhao , Xu Pan , Cui Xueyang , Yuan Ruming , Zhou Zhiyou , Zheng Mingsen , Dong Quanfeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe reduction of O2 to solid Li2O2 on discharge and the reverse oxidation of Li2O2 to O2 on recharge are the essential processes to determine the performance of Li‐O2 batteries. The discovery of effective catalysts with a favorable Li2O2 formation/decomposition mechanism is vital for the development of high‐performance Li‐O2 batteries. Here, a soluble catalyst of iodosylbenzene (PhIO) that can offer a highly reversible O2 conversion is reported for the first time. Benefiting from its ability to capture and couple the LiO2 intermediate, which is endowed by its polarized I3+O2− bond where the I atom and O atom can serve as a Lewis acidic site and basic site (dual site) to interact with O2− and Li+, respectively, the formation and decomposition of Li2O2 by a one‐electron pathway can be effectively promoted, thus greatly improving the electrode surface passivation issue and the reaction kinetics. In addition, the side reactions caused by the traditional high‐reactive LiO2 intermediate can also be effectively suppressed by forming a series of low‐reactive intermediates (LiO23PhIO, (LiO2)24PhIO, and Li2O24PhIO) instead. Consequently, the PhIO‐catalyzed Li–O2 batteries exhibit a low overpotential, a large capacity, and a good cyclability.
An ascites grading system for predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer with peritoneum dissemination
Authors: Honda Michitaka , Kawamura Hidetaka , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Takiguchi Koichi , Muto Atsushi , Yamazaki Shigeru , Teranishi Yasushi , Shiraso Satoru , Kono Koji , Hori Soshi , Kamiga Takahiro , Iwao Toshiyasu , Yamashita Naoyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimGastric cancer with peritoneum dissemination is intractable with surgical resection. The evaluation of the degree of dissemination using computed tomography (CT) is difficult. We focused on the amount of ascites based on CT findings and established a scaling system to predict these patients’ prognoses.MethodsWe extracted individual data from a population‐based cohort. Patients diagnosed with histologically proven gastric adenocarcinoma with peritoneum dissemination were enrolled. Two raters evaluated the CT images and determined the grade of ascites in each patient: grade 0 indicated no ascites in all slices; grade 1 indicated ascites detected only in the upper or lower abdominal cavity; grade 2 indicated ascites detected in both the upper and lower abdominal cavities; and grade 3 indicated ascites extending continuously from the pelvic cavity to the upper abdominal cavity. We evaluated the relationship between the ascites grade and survival time. After adjusting for other clinical factors, we calculated hazard ratios of each ascites grade.ResultsA total of 718 patients were enrolled. The number of patients with grades 0, 1, 2, and 3 were 303, 223, 94, and 98, respectively. The median overall survival times were 16.0, 8.7, 5.4, and 3.0 months for ascites on CT grades 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P < .001). The adjusted hazard ratios for the survival time were 1.74 (1.33‐2.26, P < .001), 3.20 (2.25‐4.57, P < .001), and 4.76 (3.16‐7.17, P < .001) for grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively.ConclusionWe established a new grading system of pretreatment ascites to better predict the prognosis of gastric cancer.
In silico screening and design strategies of ethane‐selective metal–organic frameworks for ethane/ethylene separation
Authors: Tang Hongjian , Jiang Jianwen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractC2H6/C2H4 separation is one of the most crucial processes in the chemical industry and currently practiced by energy‐intensive distillation technology. As an alternative, adsorption‐based separation is considered as technically feasible and economically viable, and there has been considerable interest to develop advanced adsorbents for C2H6/C2H4 separation. In this study, we computationally screen a large set (12020) of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to identify top‐performing candidates for selective adsorption of C2H6 over C2H4. Quantitative relationships are established between the adsorption performance metrics (C2H6 working capacity and C2H6/C2H4 selectivity) and the structural descriptors (pore size, surface area, and porosity), as well as isosteric heat. We identify 16 top‐performing MOFs with C2H6/C2H4 selectivity ≥ 2.16 and C2H6 working capacity ≥ 0.54 mol/kg, which are superior to a benchmarked MOF (ZJU‐120a). It is revealed that pore geometry (both size and shape) are the key factors governing C2H6‐selective adsorption. From topological analysis, the most common topologies are found. Finally, six design strategies are proposed: regulating topology, catenating framework, adding aromatic ring, pillar‐layering framework, substituting metal node, and imposing flexibility. Each strategy is elaborated with examples for boosting separation performance. These strategies offer bottom‐up guidelines for the rational design of new MOFs towards high‐performance C2H6/C2H4 separation.
A survey of multiscale modeling: Foundations, historical milestones, current status, and future prospects
Authors: Radhakrishnan Ravi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResearch problems in the domains of physical, engineering, biological sciences often span multiple time and length scales, owing to the complexity of information transfer underlying mechanisms. Multiscale modeling (MSM) and high‐performance computing (HPC) have emerged as indispensable tools for tackling such complex problems. We review the foundations, historical developments, and current paradigms in MSM. A paradigm shift in MSM implementations is being fueled by the rapid advances and emerging paradigms in HPC at the dawn of exascale computing. Moreover, amidst the explosion of data science, engineering, and medicine, machine learning (ML) integrated with MSM is poised to enhance the capabilities of standard MSM approaches significantly, particularly in the face of increasing problem complexity. The potential to blend MSM, HPC, and ML presents opportunities for unbound innovation and promises to represent the future of MSM and explainable ML that will likely define the fields in the 21st century.
Cannabis and work: Need for more research
Authors: Howard John , Osborne Jamie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCannabis sativa is one of the oldest and most widely used plants in the world with a variety of industrial, medical, and nonmedical applications. Despite its long history, cannabis‐derived products remain a source of controversy across the fields of medicine, law, and occupational safety and health. More favorable public attitudes about cannabis in the US have resulted in greater access to cannabis through legalization by states, leading to more consumption by workers. As more states adopt cannabis access laws, and as more workers choose to consume cannabis products, the implications for existing workplace policies, programs, and practices become more salient. Past workplace practices were grounded in a time when cannabis consumption was always viewed as problematic, considered a moral failing, and was universally illegal. Shifting cultural views and the changing legal status of cannabis indicate a need for research into the implications and challenges relating to cannabis and work. This commentary suggests research needs in the following areas: (a) data about industries and occupations where cannabis consumption among workers is most prevalent; (b) adverse health consequences of cannabis consumption among workers; (c) workplace supported recovery programs; (d) hazards to workers in the emerging cannabis industry; (e) relationship between cannabis consumption and occupational injuries; (f) ways to assess performance deficits and impairment from cannabis consumption; (g) consumption of synthetic cannabinoids to evade detection by drug testing; (h) cannabis consumption and its effect on occupational driving; and (i) ways to craft workplace policies and practices that take into consideration conflicting state and federal laws pertaining to cannabis.
Neurological phenotype of Potocki–Lupski syndrome
Authors: Ciaccio Claudia , Pantaleoni Chiara , Milani Donatella , Alfei Enrico , Sciacca Francesca L. , Canafoglia Laura , Erbetta Alessandra , D'Arrigo Stefano 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPotocki–Lupski syndrome is a condition mainly characterized by infantile hypotonia, developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID), and congenital anomalies, caused by duplications of the 17p11.2 region, encompassing RAI1 gene. Its clinical presentation is extremely variable, especially for what concerns the cognitive level and the behavioral phenotype. Such aspects, as well as the dysmorphic/malformative ones, have been covered by previous studies; otherwise neurological features have never been systematically described. In order to delineate the neurological phenotype of Potocki–Lupski Syndrome, we collect an 8‐patients cohort. Developmental milestones are delayed and a mild to moderate cognitive impairment is present in all patients, variably associated with features of autism spectrum disorder, behavioral disturb, and sleep disturb. Hypotonia appears a less frequent finding than what previously reported, while motor clumsiness/coordination impairment is frequent. EGG registration demonstrated a common pattern with excess of diffuse rhythmic activity in sleep phases or while the patient is falling asleep. Brain MRI did not reveal common anomalies, although unspecific white matter changes may be present. We discuss such findings and compare them to literature data, offering an overview on the neurological and cognitive‐behavioral presentation of the syndrome.
3D facial morphometry in Italian patients affected by Aicardi syndrome
Authors: Masnada Silvia , Gibelli Daniele , Dolci Claudia , De Giorgis Valentina , Cappella Annalisa , Veggiotti Pierangelo , Sforza Chiarella ,   The Italian Aicardi Study Group
Published: August 2020

AbstractAicardi syndrome (AIC) is a rare congenital neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology, that affects almost exclusively females, originally characterized by corpus callosum agenesis, chorioretinal lacunae, and infantile spasms. The current diagnostic criteria also include qualitative facial features (prominent premaxilla, upturned nasal tip, decreased nasal bridge angle, sparse lateral eyebrows, and microphthalmia) that still need quantification. A three‐dimensional (3D) photogrammetric assessment of 11 Italian females, age 7–32 years, who satisfied AIC criteria, was performed. Linear distances and angles were computed from soft‐tissue facial landmarks coordinates. The z‐score values were calculated using data of 850 healthy reference females matched for age and compared by Mann–Whitney test (p < .01). Patients showed a shorter philtrum and right side orbital height (mean z‐scores: −1.7, −0.9), shorter superior, middle, and inferior facial depths (mean z‐scores: −1.3, −2.2, −2.3), and a smaller length of mandibular ramus (mean z‐score: −2.1); conversely, they showed larger nasal and lower facial widths, and lower facial convexity (mean z‐scores: 1.7, 1.4, 2.4). The inclinations of the orbit versus the true horizontal were increased bilaterally (mean z‐scores: 1.8, 1.1). Some common facial abnormalities were quantified in AIC patients using a noninvasive instrument. They may help clinicians in performing a definite AIC diagnosis in atypical or doubt cases.
Remote Blood Biomarkers of Longitudinal Cognitive Outcomes in a Population Study
Authors: Rajan Kumar B. , Aggarwal Neelum T. , McAninch Elizabeth A. , Weuve Jennifer , Barnes Lisa L. , Wilson Robert S. , DeCarli Charles , Evans Denis A. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThe longitudinal association of the blood biomarkers total tau (t‐tau), neurofilament light (Nf‐L), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with common sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) and cognitive decline is not established.MethodsUsing a single molecule array technology, ultrasensitive immunoassays for serum concentrations of t‐tau, Nf‐L, and GFAP were measured in a population sample of 1,327 participants (60% African Americans and women) who had a clinical evaluation for AD, had completed in‐home cognitive assessments, and had undergone 1.5T structural magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsHigher concentrations of serum biomarkers were associated with the development of clinical AD; especially, the time‐specific associations were notable: t‐tau 8 to 16 years, and Nf‐L and GFAP 4 to 8 years prior to clinical AD. Serum biomarkers were associated with faster cognitive decline over 16 years; baseline t‐tau > 0.40pg/ml had 30% faster decline, Nf‐L > 25.5pg/ml had 110% faster decline, and GFAP > 232pg/ml had 130% faster decline compared to those in the lowest quartile. Participants with baseline GFAP > 232pg/ml showed 160% faster decline in hippocampal volume compared to those with values < 160pg/ml. Additionally, higher baseline t‐tau was associated with faster increase in 3rd ventricular volume, and baseline Nf‐L and GFAP were associated with faster decline in cortical thickness.InterpretationSerum t‐tau, Nf‐L, and GFAP predict the development of sporadic AD and cognitive decline, and changes in structural brain characteristics, suggesting their usefulness not only as screening and predictive biomarkers, but also in capturing the pathogenesis of Alzheimer dementia. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1065–1076