bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Founder need to belong,tertius iungensorientation and new venture performance
Authors: Wei Li‐Qun , Zou Xi , Ormiston Margaret 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn this study, we examine the role of founders' need to belong andtertius iungensorientation (i.e., the tendency of bringing people together and coordinating among others) in the context of new ventures. We propose and document evidence that a founder's tendency to engage intertius iungensoriented networking is positively associated with new venture performance. We also reveal that a founder's need to belong is a significant motivational antecedent of the founder'stertius iungensorientation. Further, the need to belong–networking orientation linkage is stronger for founders in new ventures at the early product development stage than those at the late product development stage. We tested our hypotheses using survey data collected with a two‐wave sample of new ventures in China. We discuss the theoretical significance of studying the need to belong andtertius iungensorientation for social networks and entrepreneurship literatures, as well as the practical implications for managing a successful new venture.
Association between intelligence quotient and obesity in England
Authors: Jacob Louis , Haro Josep Maria , Smith Lee , Koyanagi Ai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn the past years, there has been a controversy regarding the potential association between intelligence quotient (IQ) and obesity. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the relationship between IQ and obesity in England using nationally representative community‐based data.MethodsThis study used data from people who participated in the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Verbal IQ was estimated using the National Adult Reading Test. Obesity was based on self‐reported weight and height and defined as a body mass index higher or equal to 30 kg/m2. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between IQ and obesity, while adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, qualification, employment, income, chronic physical conditions, loneliness, social support, stressful life events, smoking status, alcohol dependence, drug use, and common mental disorders.ResultsThere were 6798 individuals aged ≥16 years included in the present study. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared to IQ scores of 120‐129, IQ scores of 110‐119 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16), 100‐109 (OR = 1.35), 90‐99 (OR = 1.26), 80‐89 (OR = 1.68), and 70‐79 (OR = 1.72) were associated with increased odds for obesity. Furthermore, a 10‐point decrease in IQ was associated with a 1.10‐fold increase in the odds for obesity.ConclusionsThere was a negative association between IQ and obesity in the UK population. Further research is needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in this relationship.
Generative Deep Learning Model for Inverse Design of Integrated Nanophotonic Devices
Authors: Tang Yingheng , Kojima Keisuke , Koike‐Akino Toshiaki , Wang Ye , Wu Pengxiang , Xie Youye , Tahersima Mohammad H. , Jha Devesh K. , Parsons Kieran , Qi Minghao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA novel conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) model for designing nanopatterned integrated photonic components is proposed. In particular, it is shown that prediction capability of the CVAE model can be significantly improved by adversarial censoring and active learning. Moreover, generation of nanopatterned power splitters with arbitrary splitting ratios and 550 nm broadband optical responses from 1250 to 1800 nm are demonstrated. Nanopatterned power splitters with footprints of 2.25 × 2.25 m2 and 20 × 20 etch hole positions are the design space, with each hole position assuming a radius from a range of radii. Designed nanopatterned power splitters using methods presented herein demonstrate an overall transmission of about 90% across the operating bandwidth from 1250 to 1800 nm. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first time that a state‐of‐the‐art CVAE deep neural network model is successfully used to design a physical device.
Neuroimaging Detectable Differences between Parkinson's Disease Motor Subtypes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Boonstra Jackson Tyler , Michielse Stijn , Temel Yasin , Hoogland Govert , Jahanshahi Ali 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe neuroanatomical substrates of Parkinson's disease (PD) with tremor‐dominance (TD) and those with non‐tremor dominance (nTD), postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD), and akinetic‐rigid (AR) are not fully differentiated. A better understanding of symptom specific pathoanatomical markers of PD subtypes may result in earlier diagnosis and more tailored treatment. Here, we aim to give an overview of the neuroimaging literature that compared PD motor subtypes.MethodsA systematic literature review on neuroimaging studies of PD subtypes was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Search terms submitted to the PubMed database included: “Parkinson's disease”, “MRI” and “motor subtypes” (TD, nTD, PIGD, AR). The results are first discussed from macro to micro level of organization (i.e., (1) structural; (2) functional; and (3) molecular) and then by applied imaging methodology.FindingsSeveral neuroimaging methods including diffusion imaging and positron emission tomography (PET) distinguish specific PD motor subtypes well, although findings are mixed. Furthermore, our review demonstrates that nTD‐PD patients have more severe neuroalterations compared to TD‐PD patients. More specifically, nTD‐PD patients have deficits within striato‐thalamo‐cortical (STC) circuitry and other thalamocortical projections related to cognitive and sensorimotor function, while TD‐PD patients tend to have greater cerebello‐thalamo‐cortical (CTC) circuitry dysfunction.ConclusionsBased on the literature, STC and CTC circuitry deficits seem to be the key features of PD and the subtypes. Future research should make greater use of multimodal neuroimaging and techniques that have higher sensitivity in delineating subcortical structures involved in motor diseases.
Mediterranean Dietary Pattern at Middle Age and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Swedish Cohort Study
Authors: Yin Weiyao , Löf Marie , Pedersen Nancy L. , Sandin Sven , Fang Fang 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Mediterranean diet has been proposed to protect against neurodegeneration.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the association of adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) at middle age with risk for Parkinson's disease (PD) later in life.MethodIn a population‐based cohort of >47,000 Swedish women, information on diet was collected through a food frequency questionnaire during 1991–1992, from which adherence to MDP was calculated. We also collected detailed information on potential confounders. Clinical diagnosis of PD was ascertained from the Swedish National Patient Register through 2012.ResultsWe observed an inverse association between adherence to MDP and PD, multivariable hazard ratio of 0.54 (95% confidence interval: 0.30–0.98), comparing high with low adherence. The association was noted primarily from age 65 years onward. One unit increase in the adherence score was associated with a 29% lower risk for PD at age ≥ 65 years (95% confidence interval: 0.57–0.89).ConclusionHigher adherence to a Mediterranean diet at middle age was associated with lower risk for PD. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Vitamin D and its Effects on DNA Methylation in Development, Aging, and Disease
Authors: Ong Lawrence T. C. , Booth David R. , Parnell Grant P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDNA methylation is increasingly being recognized as a mechanism through which environmental exposures confer disease risk. Several studies have examined the association between vitamin D and changes in DNA methylation in areas as diverse as human and animal development, genomic stability, chronic disease risk, and malignancy. In many cases, they have demonstrated clear associations between vitamin D and DNA methylation in candidate disease pathways. Despite this, a clear understanding of the mechanisms by which these factors interact is unclear. This paper reviews the current understanding of the effects of vitamin D on DNA methylation. In light of current knowledge in the field, the potential mechanisms mediating vitamin D effects on DNA methylation are discussed, as are the limiting factors and future avenues for research into this exciting area.
Chlorogenic Acid Suppresses miR‐155 and Ameliorates Ulcerative Colitis through the NF‐κB/NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway
Authors: Zeng Junhao , Zhang Dengqing , Wan Xiaoyu , Bai Yuanling , Yuan Chengfu , Wang Ting , Yuan Ding , Zhang Changcheng , Liu Chaoqi 
Published: October 2020

ScopeThe over‐activation of the nucleotide‐binding domain like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Chlorogenic acid (CGA) exposure is identified as an effective strategy for repressing inflammatory responses.Methods and resultsIn this study, the NLRP3 inflammasome model with LPS/ATP‐induced RAW264.7 cells in vitro and dextran‐sulfate‐sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice are used to evaluate the effect of CGA on NLRP3 inflammasome‐related signaling. The results suggest that CGA suppressed the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome‐related genes (apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing CARD (ASC), cysteine‐requiring aspartate protease (Caspase)‐1 p45, Caspase‐1 p20, pro‐/cleaved‐interleukin (IL)‐1β, pro‐/cleaved‐IL‐18), p‐nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) protein, and miR‐155 in mice with colitis. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies of miR‐155 are performed to elucidate its role in inflammation. Moreover, activation of the NF‐κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and miR‐155 expression is investigated. CGA exposure in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells leads to a decrease in p‐NK‐κB and NLRP3 inflammasome‐related proteins, which is dependent on the downregulation of miR‐155 expression.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that CGA prevented colitis by downregulating miR‐155 expression and inactivating the NF‐κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in macrophages. The current study has promising therapeutic implications in the treatment of UC.
The Ground on Which We Stand: Making Abolition
Authors: Burns Devin , Dominguez Lauren , Gordon Rebekah , McTighe Laura , Moss Lydia , Rosario Gabriela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAbolition is both a vision and a practice. As abolitionists, we envision a world without prisons. We must also make that world together. Abolition is thus more than an ideological commitment to the absence of prisons. Abolition is presence, as Ruth Wilson Gilmore reminds us. It is the presence of life‐giving institutions. It is our presence with one another, as we enact and explore in this article. As co‐authors, we have been journeying together at Florida State University for nearly a year. Our work has shapeshifted through the COVID pandemic and in the wake of the Tallahassee Police Department murders of Mychael Johnson and Tony McDade. We open this article on these grounds, honoring the people have fought before us and all who fight in their legacy. We also stretch back into the violent histories that fill our present, and reflect in succession on the intimate work of building the world otherwise. Our prison nation may govern through erasure and abandonment, but the prison is in fact everywhere. That means that abolition must be everywhere, too. This ethnography is our work to create it. Through it, we hope to support you in making your own abolitionist futures in real time.
Safety, Tolerability, and Outcomes of Enteral Nutrition in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Davis Robert C. , Durham Lucian A. , Kiraly Laszlo , Patel Jayshil J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a supportive care system for patients with respiratory or cardiac failure. Patients requiring ECMO are at risk for significant inflammation, prolonged hospitalization, and acquired malnutrition and sarcopenia. Societal guidelines recommend early enteral nutrition in critically ill patients; however, in this population, optimal timing and dose of nutrition remains unknown and fear of reduced splanchnic perfusion, delayed gastric emptying, and bowel ischemia poses a barrier to appropriate energy and protein intake. This narrative review intends to provide an overview of ECMO, highlight the rationale for nutrition support in this population, and review the safety, tolerability, and outcomes associated with enteral nutrition during ECMO.
Trophy hunting and conservation: Do the major ethical theories converge in opposition to trophy hunting?
Authors: Ghasemi Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEthical concerns are at the heart of the ongoing debate on trophy hunting; however, so far, most studies have addressed the issue from a single ethical perspective. These studies, approaching the subject from different ethical perspectives, have reached different conclusions. For instance, those who support trophy hunting as a conservation strategy usually adopt a utilitarian perspective, while those who adopt a deontological perspective usually oppose it.The analysis presented in this paper challenges the ethical justification of trophy hunting based on a utilitarian perspective, and it also suggests that trophy hunting is problematic from the perspectives of both deontology and virtue theory.This paper supports a version of Bryan Norton's ‘convergence hypothesis’ (Norton, 1991). Although holism and anthropocentrism in environmental ethics are usually presented as fundamentally opposed views, Norton argued that their conclusions for policy converge, at least when a sufficiently broad and long‐range view of human interests are considered.Analogously, this paper proposes that, regarding trophy hunting, the implications of three major traditional perspectives in ethics (i.e. utilitarianism, deontology and virtue theory) may converge in opposition to the practice of trophy hunting.The final section of this paper recommends some ways authorities and policymakers can address these ethical concerns and presents a view of the future.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Increased prenatal detection of 22q11.2 deletion and 22q11.2 duplication after introduction of nationwide prenatal screening for trisomy 21, trisomy 13, and trisomy 18
Authors: Steffensen Ellen Hollands , Hyett Jonathan , Petersen Olav Bjørn , Vogel Ida ,   The Danish Cytogenetic Central Registry Study Group
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate time of diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion and 22q11.2 duplication as well as trisomies 21, 13, and 18 before and after introduction of a prenatal screening program including combined first‐trimester screening (cFTS) for the trisomies in Denmark in 2004.MethodCross‐sectional, population‐based register study employing The Danish Cytogenetic Central Register. Proportions of cases diagnosed 1998‐2004 and 2005‐2017 were compared before 14+0 and 22+0 weeks and birth (prenatal cases) or up to 1 or 10 years of age (postnatal cases).ResultsIn total, 4562 cases were included. From 1998‐2004 to 2005‐2017, the proportion of 22q11.2 deletion cases identified prenatally increased from 4.3% (95% CI: 0.9‐12.0%) to 27.3% (21.2‐34.0%), while for 22q11.2 duplication an increase from 0/6 to 26/87 (prenatal cases/all cases) was observed. Similarly, proportions of trisomies 21, 13, and 18 detected before birth increased. A greater proportion of the studied conditions was identified earlier in pregnancy, but not generally earlier in the postnatal course.ConclusionProportions of 22q11.2 deletion and 22q11.2 duplication identified prenatally increased after introduction of a prenatal screening program not aimed specifically to identify these conditions,. A greater proportion of all cases were detected earlier in pregnancy, but not earlier postnatally, following introduction of screening.
Triplet pregnancy: What do we tell the prospective parents
Authors: Mhatre Mohak , Craigo Sabrina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExperience managing triplet pregnancies has increased over the past few decades as the incidence has changed related to assisted reproductive practices. Physicians caring for women carrying triplets cannot predict an individual outcome or pregnancy course but must educate patients about the challenges related to these high risk pregnancies. Obstetric providers can describe the wide range of risks associated with triplet gestations, and the general plan for management, but ultimately parents must make decisions with potentially lifelong consequences. Here, we present the diagnostic criteria, common complications, and management options for triplet pregnancies, to help obstetricians counsel patients on the medical and psychosocial consequences of triplet pregnancy, potential complications, and multifetal reduction.
Anchored metallocene linear low‐density polyethene cellulose nanocrystal composites
Authors: Hendren Keith D , Hough Sarita A , Knott Kenneth , Lu Wei , Deck Paul A , Foster E Johan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were functionalized with different loadings of metallocene catalyst and subjected to in situ polymerization with ethene and 1‐hexene to yield linear low‐density polyethene (LLDPE) polymer matrix composites (PMCs). CNC content was determined with thermogravimetric analysis, confirming that the PMCs varied in their CNC loadings from 3.6 to 11.4 wt%. Differential scanning calorimetric, gel permeation chromatographic and NMR spectroscopic analyses revealed that the LLDPE (matrix) components of these PMCs shared similar physical properties. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed a general increase in the storage modulus of the PMCs with increasing CNC content. These relative differences in storage modulus were even more evident at higher temperatures. Uniaxial tensile testing of the PMCs found a notable increase in Young's modulus between the 3.6 wt% CNC PMC (240 ± 50 MPa) and the 11.4 wt% CNC PMC (391 ± 7 MPa), while the elongation at break decreased from the 3.6 wt% CNC PMC (400 ± 90%) to the 11.4 wt% CNC PMC (70 ± 10%). All PMCs showed similar yield strengths of ca 10 MPa. These mechanical properties showed that the method of dispersing CNCs in LLDPE reported herein affords the highest moduli reported thus far in LLDPE–CNC PMCs. The ability of the catalyst to incorporate co‐monomer olefins may allow for the incorporation of smart CNCs into ethane‐based polymers. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Operational discipline in practice
Authors: Rashid Muhammad Imran , Ali Chaudhry Haider , Mukhtar Kashif , Benhelal Emad , Athar Muhammad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA general guideline to improve operational discipline is required. Operational discipline can be improved with simple things such as floor level meeting (FLM), job cycle check (JCC), risk assessment (RA), daily safety audit (DSA), consequence analysis (CA), mechanical integrity (MI), incident investigation (II), management of change (MOC), behavior observation (BO), pre‐start up safety reviews (PSSR), process hazard analysis (PHA), job risk assessment (JRA), quantitative risk assessment (QRA), and process safety management (PSM) implementation. This article presents risks identified from floor level meetings, steps for job cycle check and risk sensitivity and procedure for daily safety audit and behavior observation audit. Consequence analysis, pre‐start up safety review and why tree analysis are discussed for improving operational discipline. Inclusion of consequence analysis in work instructions is discussed. Procedure for accident investigation is elaborated by investigating trainee unit shift engineer (USE) burning injury accident and why tree diagram is constructed and findings and recommendations are provided. PHA techniques (HAZOP, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) methodology is presented to enhance operational discipline. This article is especially for those industries which are located in countries where PSM implementation is not mandatory and they are lacking in operational discipline.
Positivity and stability of mixed fractional‐order systems with unbounded delays: Necessary and sufficient conditions
Authors: The Tuan Hoang , Trinh Hieu , Lam James 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis article provides a comprehensive study on quantitative properties of linear mixed fractional‐order systems with multiple time‐varying delays. The delays can be bounded or unbounded. We first obtain a result on existence and uniqueness of solutions to these systems. Then, we prove a necessary and sufficient condition for their positivity. Finally, we provide a necessary and sufficient criterion to characterize asymptotic stability of positive linear mixed fractional‐order systems with multiple time‐varying delays.
Prioritizing reaches for restoration in a regulated Alpine river: Locally driven versus hydro‐morphologically based actions
Authors: Carolli Mauro , Gelmini Francesca , Pellegrini Stefano , Deriu Micaela , Zolezzi Guido 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe discuss the prioritization of river reaches to be selected for restoration measures under the constraints of financial resource limitation. We propose and apply a simple approach based on the quantification of major hydro‐morphological alterations and the critical comparison with locally proposed restoration actions. The available hydro‐morphological and ecological data for the approach do not go beyond the requirements posed by the implementation of the EU Water Framework and Floods Directives. We describe an example that refers to a heavily regulated Alpine river (Sarca River, NE Italy). The results indicate hydropower facilities as a key source of hydrological alteration, with sediment retention and grade control structures on lateral tributaries playing an additional relevant role in reducing sediment supply. The frequency and duration of sediment‐transporting floods have dramatically decreased, and the bed sediment composition has been markedly altered and become highly compacted. Habitat improvement has been achieved after the implementation of minimum environmental flows. The comparison between the results of the hydro‐morphological indicators and the locally proposed restoration actions highlights that reaches with lower degree of hydro‐morphological alterations do not coincide with the areas chosen for the locally planned actions, which often miss considerations of the relevant spatial scales. In a context of limited available financial resources and data compared to other flagship river restoration projects in the European Alps, the present work suggests viable options for the choice of target restoration reaches.
One‐Pot and Solvent‐Free Hantzsch Condensation Reaction Catalyzed by Mononuclear Dy(III) Complex
Authors: Sarkar Arijit , Mondal Pinku Prasad , Nayek Hari Pada 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA mononuclear Dy(III) complex, [Dy(DBM)3.bpy] (1) was synthesized from dibenzoylmethane (DBM) and bipyridine (bpy). Complex 1 was used as a catalyst towards the Hantzsch reaction for the synthesis of 1,4‐dihydropyridines involving ethyl acetoacetate, ammonium acetate and different aldehydes (aromatic, aliphatic and heterocyclic aldehydes) as substrates. The yield of 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives was in the range of 72 %–93 %. This study displays first‐ever approach to utilize a mononuclear lanthanide complex as a catalyst in the Hantzsch condensation reaction.