bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type I interferon sensing unlocks dormant adipocyte inflammatory potential
Authors: Chan Calvin C. , Damen Michelle S. M. A. , Moreno-Fernandez Maria E. , Stankiewicz Traci E. , Cappelletti Monica , Alarcon Pablo C. , Oates Jarren R. , Doll Jessica R. , Mukherjee Rajib , Chen Xiaoting , Karns Rebekah , Weirauch Matthew T. , Helmrath Michael A. , Inge Thomas H. , Divanovic Senad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhite adipose tissue inflammation, in part via myeloid cell contribution, is central to obesity pathogenesis. Mechanisms regulating adipocyte inflammatory potential and consequent impact of such inflammation in disease pathogenesis remain poorly defined. We show that activation of the type I interferon (IFN)/IFNα receptor (IFNAR) axis amplifies adipocyte inflammatory vigor and uncovers dormant gene expression patterns resembling inflammatory myeloid cells. IFNβ-sensing promotes adipocyte glycolysis, while glycolysis inhibition impeded IFNβ-driven intra-adipocyte inflammation. Obesity-driven induction of the type I IFN axis and activation of adipocyte IFNAR signaling contributes to obesity-associated pathogenesis in mice. Notably, IFNβ effects are conserved in human adipocytes and detection of the type I IFN/IFNAR axis-associated signatures positively correlates with obesity-driven metabolic derangements in humans. Collectively, our findings reveal a capacity for the type I IFN/IFNAR axis to regulate unifying inflammatory features in both myeloid cells and adipocytes and hint at an underappreciated contribution of adipocyte inflammation in disease pathogenesis.
Malaria parasites regulate intra-erythrocytic development duration via serpentine receptor 10 to coordinate with host rhythms
Authors: Subudhi Amit K. , O’Donnell Aidan J. , Ramaprasad Abhinay , Abkallo Hussein M. , Kaushik Abhinav , Ansari Hifzur R. , Abdel-Haleem Alyaa M. , Ben Rached Fathia , Kaneko Osamu , Culleton Richard , Reece Sarah E. , Pain Arnab 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMalaria parasites complete their intra-erythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC) in multiples of 24 h suggesting a circadian basis, but the mechanism controlling this periodicity is unknown. Combining in vivo and in vitro approaches utilizing rodent and human malaria parasites, we reveal that: (i) 57% of Plasmodium chabaudi genes exhibit daily rhythms in transcription; (ii) 58% of these genes lose transcriptional rhythmicity when the IDC is out-of-synchrony with host rhythms; (iii) 6% of Plasmodium falciparum genes show 24 h rhythms in expression under free-running conditions; (iv) Serpentine receptor 10 (SR10) has a 24 h transcriptional rhythm and disrupting it in rodent malaria parasites shortens the IDC by 2-3 h; (v) Multiple processes including DNA replication, and the ubiquitin and proteasome pathways, are affected by loss of coordination with host rhythms and by disruption of SR10. Our results reveal malaria parasites are at least partly responsible for scheduling the IDC and coordinating their development with host daily rhythms.
Complex strengthening mechanisms in the NbMoTaW multi-principal element alloy
Authors: Li Xiang-Guo , Chen Chi , Zheng Hui , Zuo Yunxing , Ong Shyue Ping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRefractory multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) have exceptional mechanical properties, including high strength-to-weight ratio and fracture toughness, at high temperatures. Here we elucidate the complex interplay between segregation, short-range order, and strengthening in the NbMoTaW MPEA through atomistic simulations with a highly accurate machine learning interatomic potential. In the single crystal MPEA, we find greatly reduced anisotropy in the critically resolved shear stress between screw and edge dislocations compared to the elemental metals. In the polycrystalline MPEA, we demonstrate that thermodynamically driven Nb segregation to the grain boundaries (GBs) and W enrichment within the grains intensifies the observed short-range order (SRO). The increased GB stability due to Nb enrichment reduces the von Mises strain, resulting in higher strength than a random solid solution MPEA. These results highlight the need to simultaneously tune GB composition and bulk SRO to tailor the mechanical properties of MPEAs.
Resource-efficient digital quantum simulation of d-level systems for photonic, vibrational, and spin-s Hamiltonians
Authors: Sawaya Nicolas P. D. , Menke Tim , Kyaw Thi Ha , Johri Sonika , Aspuru-Guzik Alán , Guerreschi Gian Giacomo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSimulation of quantum systems is expected to be one of the most important applications of quantum computing, with much of the theoretical work so far having focused on fermionic and spin-$$\frac{1}{2}$$

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systems. Here, we instead consider encodings of d-level (i.e., qudit) quantum operators into multi-qubit operators, studying resource requirements for approximating operator exponentials by Trotterization. We primarily focus on spin-s and truncated bosonic operators in second quantization, observing desirable properties for approaches based on the Gray code, which to our knowledge has not been used in this context previously. After outlining a methodology for implementing an arbitrary encoding, we investigate the interplay between Hamming distances, sparsity patterns, bosonic truncation, and other properties of local operators. Finally, we obtain resource counts for five common Hamiltonian classes used in physics and chemistry, while modeling the possibility of converting between encodings within a Trotter step. The most efficient encoding choice is heavily dependent on the application and highly sensitive to d, although clear trends are present. These operation count reductions are relevant for running algorithms on near-term quantum hardware because the savings effectively decrease the required circuit depth. Results and procedures outlined in this work may be useful for simulating a broad class of Hamiltonians on qubit-based digital quantum computers.
Large Zeeman splitting induced anomalous Hall effect in ZrTe5
Authors: Sun Zeliang , Cao Zhipeng , Cui Jianhua , Zhu Changsheng , Ma Donghui , Wang Honghui , Zhuo Weizhuang , Cheng Zhaohui , Wang Zhenyu , Wan Xiangang , Chen Xianhui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBerry phase effects have significant influences on the electronic properties of condensed matter. In particular, the anomalous Hall conductivity has been recognized as an intrinsic property of the systems with non-zero Berry curvature. Here, we present the anomalous Hall effect observed in the non-magnetic material ZrTe5, which hosts a large Zeeman splitting with Landé g-factor of 26.49. The quantum oscillation analysis reveals non-linear band dispersion near the top of valence band in bulk band structure, and no Weyl node forms with applied magnetic field. The anomalous Hall conductivity reaches 129 Ω−1 cm−1 at 2 K, and shows weak temperature dependence. All these combined with theoretical analysis suggest that the anomalous Hall effect observed in ZrTe5 originates from the non-vanishing Berry curvature induced by combining large Zeeman splitting and strong spin–orbit coupling. Remarkably, the anomalous Hall resistivity reverses its sign from negative to positive at a hydrostatic pressure P = 1.3 GPa, which confirms that the anomalous Hall effect in ZrTe5 is highly related to the band structure-dependent Berry curvature. Our results have verified the anomalous Hall mechanism in ZrTe5 and offer a new platform to study the anomalous Hall effect.
The vaccinia virus based Sementis Copenhagen Vector vaccine against Zika and chikungunya is immunogenic in non-human primates
Authors: Prow Natalie A. , Liu Liang , McCarthy Mary K. , Walters Kevin , Kalkeri Raj , Geiger Jillian , Koide Fusataka , Cooper Tamara H. , Eldi Preethi , Nakayama Eri , Diener Kerrilyn R. , Howley Paul M. , Hayball John D. , Morrison Thomas E. , Suhrbier Andreas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Sementis Copenhagen Vector (SCV) is a new vaccinia virus-derived, multiplication-defective, vaccine technology assessed herein in non-human primates. Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were vaccinated with a multi-pathogen recombinant SCV vaccine encoding the structural polyproteins of both Zika virus (ZIKV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). After one vaccination, neutralising antibody responses to ZIKV and four strains of CHIKV, representative of distinct viral genotypes, were generated. A second vaccination resulted in significant boosting of neutralising antibody responses to ZIKV and CHIKV. Following challenge with ZIKV, SCV-ZIKA/CHIK-vaccinated animals showed significant reductions in viremias compared with animals that had received a control SCV vaccine. Two SCV vaccinations also generated neutralising and IgG ELISA antibody responses to vaccinia virus. These results demonstrate effective induction of immunity in non-human primates by a recombinant SCV vaccine and illustrates the utility of SCV as a multi-disease vaccine platform capable of delivering multiple large immunogens.
Two-Step Mechanism of Cyclin B Degradation Initiated by Proteolytic Cleavage with the 26 S Proteasome in Fish
Authors: Tokumoto Toshinobu , Hossain Md. Forhad , Jyoti Md. Maisum Sarwar , Ali Md. Hasan , Hossain Md. Babul , Acharjee Mrityunjoy , Rezanujjaman Md. , Tokumoto Mika 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo complete meiosis II, cyclin B is degraded in a short period by the inactivation of M-phase promoting factor (MPF). Previously, we showed that the destruction of cyclin B was initiated by the ubiquitin-independent proteolytic activity of the 26 S proteasome through an initial cut in the N-terminus of cyclin (at K57 in the case of goldfish cyclin B). We hypothesized that this cut allows cyclin to be ubiquitinated for further destruction by the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway, which leads to MPF inactivation. In this study, we aimed to identify the ubiquitination site for further degradation. The destruction of cyclin B point mutants in which lysine residues in a lysine-rich stretch following the cut site of cyclin B had been mutated was analyzed. All the lysine point mutants except K57R (a point mutant in which K57 was substituted with arginine) were susceptible to proteolytic cleavage by the 26 S proteasome. However, the degradation of the K77R and K7677R mutants in Xenopus egg extracts was significantly slower than the degradation of other mutants, and a 42 kDa truncated form of cyclin B was detected during the onset of the degradation of these mutants. The truncated form of recombinant cyclin B, an N-terminal truncated cyclin BΔ57 produced as cut by the 26 S proteasome, was not further cleaved by the 26 S proteasome but rather degraded in Xenopus egg extracts. The injection of the K57R, K77R and K7677R cyclin B proteins stopped cleavage in Xenopus embryos. From the results of a series of experiments, we concluded that cyclin B degradation involves a two-step mechanism initiated by initial ubiquitin-independent cleavage by the 26 S proteasome at lysine 57 followed by its ubiquitin-dependent destruction by the 26 S proteasome following ubiquitination at lysine 77.
Inhibition of LIPG phospholipase activity suppresses tumor formation of human basal-like triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Lo Pang-Kuo , Yao Yuan , Zhou Qun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe endothelial lipase LIPG possesses serine phospholipase activity and is involved in lipoprotein metabolism. Our previous studies have revealed that LIPG overexpression is required for tumor formation and metastasis of human basal-like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We also demonstrated that LIPG differentially regulates TNBC malignancy through its enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions. The present studies were aimed at determining how XEN445, a specific inhibitor targeting LIPG phospholipase activity, impacts on TNBC tumor formation and malignant features. We established a cell-based LIPG enzymatic assay system to measure the inhibitory effect of XEN445 on LIPG phospholipase activity and determine its IC50. We found that XEN445 preferentially inhibited the proliferation of LIPG-expressing TNBC cells but not LIPG-negative luminal breast cancer cells. XEN445 inhibited the self-renewal of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in vitro and TNBC tumor formation in vivo. However, XEN445 had no inhibitory effect on the invasiveness and CSC stemness of TNBC cells. Our studies suggest that targeting both LIPG enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions is an important strategy for the treatment of TNBC.
Deep learning-based hologram generation using a white light source
Authors: Go Taesik , Lee Sangseung , You Donghyun , Lee Sang Joon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDigital holographic microscopy enables the recording of sample holograms which contain 3D volumetric information. However, additional optical elements, such as partially or fully coherent light source and a pinhole, are required to induce diffraction and interference. Here, we present a deep neural network based on generative adversarial network (GAN) to perform image transformation from a defocused bright-field (BF) image acquired from a general white light source to a holographic image. Training image pairs of 11,050 for image conversion were gathered by using a hybrid BF and hologram imaging technique. The performance of the trained network was evaluated by comparing generated and ground truth holograms of microspheres and erythrocytes distributed in 3D. Holograms generated from BF images through the trained GAN showed enhanced image contrast with 3–5 times increased signal-to-noise ratio compared to ground truth holograms and provided 3D positional information and light scattering patterns of the samples. The developed GAN-based method is a promising mean for dynamic analysis of microscale objects with providing detailed 3D positional information and monitoring biological samples precisely even though conventional BF microscopic setting is utilized.
Short-Wavelength and Near-Infrared Autofluorescence in Patients with Deficiencies of the Visual Cycle and Phototransduction
Authors: Oh Jin Kyun , Lima de Carvalho Jose Ronaldo , Ryu Joseph , Tsang Stephen H. , Sparrow Janet R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFundus autofluorescence is a valuable imaging tool in the diagnosis of inherited retinal dystrophies. With the advent of gene therapy and the numerous ongoing clinical trials for inherited retinal degenerations, quantifiable and reliable outcome measurements continually need to be identified. In this retrospective analysis, normalized and non-normalized short-wavelength (SW-AF) and near-infrared (NIR-AF) autofluorescence images of ten patients with mutations in visual cycle (VC) genes and nineteen patients with mutations in phototransduction (PT) genes were analyzed. Normalized SW-AF and NIR-AF images appeared darker in all patients with mutations in the VC as compared to patients with mutations in PT despite the use of significantly higher detector settings for image acquisition in the former group. These findings were corroborated by quantitative analysis of non-normalized SW-AF and NIR-AF images; signal intensities were significantly lower in all patients with mutations in VC genes as compared to those with mutations in PT genes. We conclude that qualitative and quantitative SW-AF and NIR-AF images can serve as biomarkers of deficiencies specific to the VC. Additionally, quantitative autofluorescence may have potential for use as an outcome measurement to detect VC activity in conjunction with future therapies for patients with mutations in the VC.
Baseline and Disease-Induced Transcriptional Profiles in Children with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Creary Susan , Shrestha Chandra L. , Kotha Kavitha , Minta Abena , Fitch James , Jaramillo Lisa , Zhang Shuzhong , Pinto Swaroop , Thompson Rohan , Ramilo Octavio , White Peter , Mejias Asuncion , Kopp Benjamin T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcute chest syndrome (ACS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD), but preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic options are limited. Further, ACS and acute vasoccclusive pain crises (VOC) have overlapping features, which causes diagnostic dilemmas. We explored changes in gene expression profiles among patients with SCD hospitalized for VOC and ACS episodes to better understand ACS disease pathogenesis. Whole blood RNA-Seq was performed for 20 samples from children with SCD at baseline and during a hospitalization for either an ACS (n = 10) or a VOC episode (n = 10). Respiratory viruses were identified from nasopharyngeal swabs. Functional gene analyses were performed using modular repertoires, IPA, Gene Ontology, and NetworkAnalyst 3.0. The VOC group had a numerically higher percentage of female, older, and hemoglobin SS participants compared to the ACS group. Viruses were detected in 50% of ACS cases and 20% of VOC cases. We identified 3004 transcripts that were differentially expressed during ACS episodes, and 1802 transcripts during VOC episodes. Top canonical pathways during ACS episodes were related to interferon signaling, neuro-inflammation, pattern recognition receptors, and macrophages. Top canonical pathways in patients with VOC included IL-10 signaling, iNOS signaling, IL-6 signaling, and B cell signaling. Several genes related to antimicrobial function were down-regulated during ACS compared to VOC. Gene enrichment nodal interactions demonstrated significantly altered pathways during ACS and VOC. A complex network of changes in innate and adaptive immune gene expression were identified during both ACS and VOC episodes. These results provide unique insights into changes during acute events in children with SCD.
Motor axonopathies in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Dhindsa Justin S. , McCall Angela L. , Strickland Laura M. , Fusco Anna F. , Kahn Amanda F. , ElMallah Mai K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal neuromuscular disease caused by deleterious mutations in the DMD gene which encodes the dystrophin protein. Skeletal muscle weakness and eventual muscle degradation due to loss of dystrophin are well-documented pathological hallmarks of DMD. In contrast, the neuropathology of this disease remains understudied despite the emerging evidence of neurological abnormalities induced by dystrophin loss. Using quantitative morphological analysis of nerve sections, we characterize axonopathies in the phrenic and hypoglossal (XII) nerves of mdx mice. We observe dysfunction in these nerves – which innervate the diaphragm and genioglossus respectively – that we propose contributes to respiratory failure, the most common cause of death in DMD. These observations highlight the importance in the further characterization of the neuropathology of DMD. Additionally, these observations underscore the necessity in correcting both the nervous system pathology in addition to skeletal muscle deficits to ameliorate this disease.
New method for intraocular lens power calculation using a rotating Scheimpflug camera in eyes with corneal refractive surgery
Authors: Cho Kyuyeon , Lim Dong Hui , Yoo Young-Sik , Chung Tae-Young 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo introduce and evaluate a refraction-based method for calculating the correct power of the intraocular lens (IOL) in eyes with corneal refractive surgery and to compare the results here to previously published methods. Retrospective review of medical records was done. Group 1 was used to derive two formulas. From the relevant IOL calculation and postoperative refractive data, the refraction-derived K values (Krd) were calculated using a linear regression analysis. The values obtained with the two formulas were compared to previously published methods in group 2 to validate the results. The following methods were evaluated: Haigis-L, Barrett True-K (no history), Potvin-Hill, BESSt 2, Scheimpflug total corneal refractive power (TCRP) 4 mm (Haigis), Scheimpflug total refractive power (TRP) 4 mm (Haigis), modified Scheimpflug TCRP 4 mm (Haigis), and modified Scheimpflug TRP 4 mm (Haigis). The modified TCRP 4 mm Krd (Haigis) had good outcomes, with 60% and 90% of eyes within ±0.50 D and ±1.00 D of the refractive target, respectively. A new method using modified Scheimpflug total corneal refractive power in the 4.0 mm zone appeared to be an accurate method for determining IOL power in eyes with corneal refractive surgery.
Acquired contractile ability in human endometrial stromal cells by passive loading of cyclic tensile stretch
Authors: Kim Jeonghyun , Ushida Takashi , Montagne Kevin , Hirota Yasushi , Yoshino Osamu , Hiraoka Takehiro , Osuga Yutaka , Furuakwa Katsuko S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe uterus plays an important and unique role during pregnancy and is a dynamic organ subjected to mechanical stimuli. It has been reported that infertility occurs when the peristalsis is prevented, although its mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found that mechanical strain mimicking the peristaltic motion of the uterine smooth muscle layer enabled the endometrial stromal cells to acquire contractility. In order to mimic the peristalsis induced by uterine smooth muscle cells, cyclic tensile stretch was applied to human endometrial stromal cells. The results showed that the strained cells exerted greater contractility in three-dimensional collagen gels in the presence of oxytocin, due to up-regulated alpha-smooth muscle actin expression via the cAMP signaling pathway. These in vitro findings underscore the plasticity of the endometrial stromal cell phenotype and suggest the possibility of acquired contractility by these cells in vivo and its potential contribution to uterine contractile activity. This phenomenon may be a typical example of how a tissue passively acquires new contractile functions under mechanical stimulation from a neighboring tissue, enabling it to support the adjacent tissue’s functions.
Reproductive effects of subchronic exposure to acetamiprid in male rats
Authors: Arıcan Emre Yağmur , Gökçeoğlu Kayalı Damla , Ulus Karaca Bahar , Boran Tuğçe , Öztürk Narin , Okyar Alper , Ercan Feriha , Özhan Gül 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcetamiprid, a selective agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine recetors, is one of the most widely used neonicotinoids. There is limited data about toxicity of acetamiprid on male reproductive system. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the reproductive toxic potential of acetamiprid in male rats orally treated with acetamiprid with low (12.5 mg/kg) medium (25 mg/kg) or high dose (35 mg/kg) for 90 days. According to our results, sperm concentration and plasma testosterone levels decreased in dose dependent manner. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormeone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) levels increased at low and medium dose groups and acetamiprid caused lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) depletion in the testes. Histologic examinations revealed that acetamiprid induced apoptosis in medium and high dose groups and proliferation index dramatically decreased in high dose group. In conclusion, acetamiprid caused toxicity on male reproductive system in the high dose. The mechanism of the toxic effect may be associated with oxidative stress, hormonal disruptions and apoptosis.