bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between potentially inappropriate medications and functional prognosis in elderly patients with distal radius fracture: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nagai Takako , Nagaoka Masahiro , Tanimoto Koji , Tomizuka Yoshiaki , Uei Hiroshi , Nakanishi Kazuyoshi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are a major concern in geriatric care. PIMs increase the risk of falls in elderly patients. However, the relationship between PIMs, subsequent falls, and functional prognosis for distal radius fracture (DRF) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between PIMs, activities of daily living, and subsequent falls in elderly DRF patients.

Methods
The study included 253 patients aged ≥ 65 years who required surgical treatment for DRF. Clinical characteristics of patients obtained included age, sex, body mass index, number of medicines used at admission, number and type of PIMs used at admission, bone mineral density, use of drugs for osteoporosis, severity of comorbidities, nutritional status, Barthel Index (BI), length of hospital stay, subsequent falls, fracture type, and Mayo wrist score. Subjects were divided into two groups according to PIMs use and no use. Propensity score matching was used to assess patient characteristics and confirm factors affecting BI and subsequent falls.

Results
One hundred seven patients (42.3%) were prescribed PIMs upon hospital admission. The mean BI gain was significantly lower in patients prescribed PIMs than in those who were not (p = 0.006), as was the rate of falls post-surgery (p = 0.009). Multivariate analysis of BI gain showed that PIMs affected BI gain (95% confidence interval [CI], − 1.589 to − 0.196, p = 0.012), and logistic regression analysis revealed that PIMs influenced subsequent falls (odds ratio, 0.108, 95% CI, 1.246 to 2.357, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
PIM use hindered the improvement in activities of daily living and increased the incidence of subsequent falls in patients assessed. These results demonstrate the importance of appropriate drug control for patients with DRF.
Molecular analysis of polymorphic species of the genus Marshallagia (Nematoda: Ostertagiinae)
Authors: Kuchboev Abdurakhim , Sobirova Khanifakhon , Karimova Rokhatoy , Amirov Oybek , von Samson-Himmelstjerna Georg , Krücken Jürgen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe genusMarshallagia(Family Haemonchidae, subfamily Ostertagiinae) contains multiple species of nematodes parasitising the abomasum (or duodenum) of ruminants, in particular of Caprinae. Male specimens have been described to be polymorphic with the frequent/major morphotype initially described in the genusMarshallagiawhile the minor/rare morphotype was initially often placed in the genusGrossospicularia. Due to common morphological features, certain pairs of morphotypes were suggested to belong to the same species such asMarshallagia marshalli/M. occidentalis. However, molecular evidence to confirm these pairs of morphotypes belonging to the same species is missing.MethodsIn the present study,Marshallagiasp. were collected from domestic sheep in Uzbekistan. Male specimens were morphologically described with particular emphasis on the structure of the bursa copulatrix. After DNA isolation from morphologically identified specimens, PCRs targeting the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 (cox1) regions were conducted. After Sanger sequencing, maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses and pairwise identities between sequences were calculated.ResultsThe major morphotypes ofM. marshalli,M. schumakovitschiandM. uzbekistanicaand the minor morphotypesM. occidentalis,M. trifidaandM. sogdianawere identified and their morphology was documented in detail. ITS2 sequences showed little variation and did not allow diagnosing species. In contrast, phylogenetic analysis ofcox1 sequences identified highly supported clusters and verified thatM. marshalli,M. occidentalisandM. uzbekistanicaare different morphotypes of the speciesM. marshalliwhileM. schumakovitschiandM. trifidarepresent distinct morphotypes ofM. trifida. ForM. sogdianano corresponding major morphotype could be identified in the present study. Due to a large barcoding gap, comparison ofcox1 sequences in terms of percent identity was sufficient to reliably assign the sequences to a particular species without phylogenetic analysis.ConclusionsThe data presented here create a framework that will allow the classification of other members of the genus in the future and underline that parallel morphological and molecular analysis of specimens is crucial to improve the taxonomy of polymorphic species.
Amyloid precursor protein glycosylation is altered in the brain of patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Boix Claudia P. , Lopez-Font Inmaculada , Cuchillo-Ibañez Inmaculada , Sáez-Valero Javier 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that undergoes alternative proteolytic processing. Its processing through the amyloidogenic pathway originates a large sAPPβ ectodomain fragment and the β-amyloid peptide, while non-amyloidogenic processing generates sAPPα and shorter non-fibrillar fragments. Hence, measuring sAPPα and sAPPβ has been proposed as a means to identify imbalances between the amyloidogenic/non-amyloidogenic pathways in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. However, to date, no consistent changes in these proteolytic fragments have been identified in either the brain or cerebrospinal fluid of AD individuals.

Methods
In frontal cortex homogenates from AD patients (n = 7) and non-demented controls (NDC; n = 7), the expression of total APP mRNA and that of the APP isoforms generated by alternative splicing, APP695 and APP containing the Kunitz protease inhibitor (KPI), was analyzed by qRT-PCR using TaqMan and SYBR Green probes. The balance between the amyloidogenic/non-amyloidogenic pathways was examined in western blots estimating the sAPPα and sAPPβ fragments and their membrane-tethered C-terminal fragments CTFα and CTFβ. CHO-PS70 cells, stably over-expressing wild-type human APP, served to evaluate whether Aβ42 peptide treatment results in altered APP glycosylation. We determined the glycosylation pattern of sAPPα and sAPPβ in brain extracts and CHO-PS70 culture media by lectin-binding assays.

Results
In the cortex of AD patients, we detected an increase in total APP mRNA relative to the controls, due to an increase in both the APP695 and APP-KPI variants. However, the sAPPα or sAPPβ protein levels remained unchanged, as did those of CTFα and CTFβ. We studied the glycosylation of the brain sAPPα and sAPPβ using lectins and pan-specific antibodies to discriminate between the fragments originated from neuronal APP695 and glial/KPI variants. Lectin binding identified differences in the glycosylation of sAPPβ species derived from the APP695 and APP-KPI variants, probably reflecting their distinct cellular origin. Moreover, the lectin-binding pattern differed in the sAPPα and sAPPβ originated from all the variants. Finally, when the lectin-binding pattern was compared between AD and NDC groups, significant differences were evident in sAPPα glycosylation. Lectin binding of the soluble sAPPα and sAPPβ from CHO-PS70 cells were also altered in cells treated with the Aβ peptide.

Conclusion
Our analysis of the lectin binding to sAPPα and sAPPβ suggests that glycosylation dictates the proteolytic pathway for APP processing. Differences between the demented and controls indicate that changes in glycosylation may influence the generation of the different APP fragments and, consequently, the pathological progression of AD.
Pollen allergen skin test and specific IgE reactivity among Filipinos: a community-based study
Authors: Sabit Maureen , Wong Cecil , Andaya Agnes , Ramos John Donnie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite the clinical importance of pollen allergens among Filipinos, few studies delve into the sensitization profiles of Filipinos against pollen allergens. This study determined the sensitization profile of Filipinos to pollen using skin prick test (SPT) and pollen-specific ELISA.

Methods
Pollen from fifteen selected plant sources was collected and extracted for use in sensitization tests. Volunteers were interviewed for their clinical history prior to blood sampling and SPT. The blood samples collected were assessed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

Results
The best panel of pollen allergens for the skin prick test was Mangifera indica (64%), Acacia auriculiformis (28%), Mimosa spp. (25%) Amaranthus spinosus (22%), Lantana camara (20%), Pilea microphylla (16%) and Dichanthium aristatum (15%). Young adults had more sensitizations to pollen than among early childhood and elderly. There were more allergic subjects that have rhinitis (61%) than asthma (42%) and atopic dermatitis (35%). Pollen-specific IgE levels show low percent reactivity as compared to the skin test with Cocos nucifera obtaining the highest IgE reactivity (21%).

Conclusions
Pollen allergens from both arboreal and herbaceous plants used in this study yielded positive reactivities for both skin tests and specific IgE tests.
Exosomes derived from atorvastatin-pretreated MSC accelerate diabetic wound repair by enhancing angiogenesis via AKT/eNOS pathway
Authors: Yu Muyu , Liu Wei , Li Junxian , Lu Junxi , Lu Huijuan , Jia Weiping , Liu Fang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes emerge as promising candidates for treating delayed wound healing in diabetes due to the promotion of angiogenesis. Preconditioned MSC with chemical or biological factors could possibly enhance the biological activities of MSC-derived exosomes. The purpose of this research focused on whether exosomes derived from the bone marrow MSC (BMSC) pretreated with atorvastatin (ATV), could exhibit better pro-angiogenic ability in diabetic wound healing or not and its underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods
We isolated exosomes from non-pretreated BMSC (Exos) and ATV pretreated BMSC (ATV-Exos) and evaluated their characterization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and Western blotting. In vivo, we made full-thickness skin defects in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and the defects received multiple-point injection with PBS, Exos, or ATV-Exos. Two weeks later, histological analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of different treatments on wound healing and the neovascularization was measured by micro-CT. In vitro, cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion were measured in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The role of miRNAs and AKT/eNOS signaling pathway in the promoted angiogenesis of ATV-Exos were assessed with their inhibitors.

Results
No significant difference in morphology, structure, and concentration was observed between ATV-Exos and Exos. In STZ-induced diabetic rats, ATV-Exos exhibited excellent abilities in facilitating the wound regeneration by promoting the formation of blood vessels compared with Exos without influencing liver and kidney function. Meanwhile, ATV-Exos promoted the proliferation, migration, tube formation, and VEGF level of endothelial cells in vitro. And AKT/eNOS pathway was activated by ATV-Exos and the pro-angiogenic effects of ATV-Exo were attenuated after the pathway being blocked. MiR-221-3p was upregulated by ATV-Exos stimulation, and miR-221-3p inhibitor suppressed the pro-angiogenesis effect of ATV-Exos.

Conclusions
Exosomes originated from ATV-pretreated MSCs might serve as a potential strategy for the treatment of diabetic skin defects through enhancing the biological function of endothelial cells via AKT/eNOS pathway by upregulating the miR-221-3p.
ADS-B spoofing attack detection method based on LSTM
Authors: Wang Jing , Zou Yunkai , Ding Jianli 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe open and shared nature of the Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) protocol makes its messages extremely vulnerable to various security threats, such as jamming, modification, and injection. This paper proposes a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based ADS-B spoofing attack detection method from the perspective of data. First, the message sequence is preprocessed in the form of a sliding window, and then, an LSTM network is used to perform prediction training on the windows. Finally, the residual set of predicted values and true values is calculated to set a threshold. As a result, we can detect a spoofing attack and further identify which feature was attacked. Experiments show that this method can effectively detect 10 different kinds of simulated manipulated ADS-B messages without further increasing the complexity of airborne applications. Therefore, the method can respond well to the security threats suffered by the ADS-B system.
Study of fractional integral inequalities involving Mittag-Leffler functions via convexity
Authors: Chen Zhihua , Farid Ghulam , Saddiqa Maryam , Ullah Saleem , Latif Naveed 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper studies fractional integral inequalities for fractional integral operators containing extended Mittag-Leffler (ML) functions. These inequalities provide upper bounds of left- and right-sided fractional integrals for $(\alpha, h-m)$
(
α
,
h
−
m
)
convex functions. A generalized fractional Hadamard inequality is established. All the results hold for h-convex, $(h, m)$
(
h
,
m
)
-convex, $(\alpha, m)$
(
α
,
m
)
-convex, $(s, m)$
(
s
,
m
)
-convex, and associated functions.
Qualitative analysis of nonlinear coupled pantograph differential equations of fractional order with integral boundary conditions
Authors: Alrabaiah Hussam , Ahmad Israr , Shah Kamal , Rahman Ghaus Ur 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this research article, we develop a qualitative analysis to a class of nonlinear coupled system of fractional delay differential equations (FDDEs). Under the integral boundary conditions, existence and uniqueness for the solution of this system are carried out. With the help of Leray–Schauder and Banach fixed point theorem, we establish indispensable results. Also, some results affiliated to Ulam–Hyers (UH) stability for the system under investigation are presented. To validate the results, illustrative examples are given at the end of the manuscript.
An explicit fourth-order compact difference scheme for solving the 2D wave equation
Authors: Jiang Yunzhi , Ge Yongbin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, an explicit fourth-order compact (EFOC) difference scheme is proposed for solving the two-dimensional(2D) wave equation. The truncation error of the EFOC scheme is $O({\tau ^{4}} + {\tau ^{2}}{h^{2}} + {h^{4}})$
O
(

τ
4

+

τ
2

h
2

+

h
4

)
, i.e., the scheme has an overall fourth-order accuracy in both time and space. Because the scheme is explicit, it does not need any iterative processes. Afterwards, the stability condition of the scheme is obtained by using the Fourier analysis method, which has a wider stability range than other explicit or alternation direction implicit (ADI) schemes. Finally, some numerical experiments are carried out to verify the accuracy and stability of the present scheme.
Synchronization of different order fractional-order chaotic systems using modify adaptive sliding mode control
Authors: Al-sawalha M. Mossa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a modified adaptive sliding-mode control technique and investigates the reduced-order and increased-order synchronization between two different fractional-order chaotic systems using the master and slave system synchronization arrangement. The parameters of the master and slave systems are different and uncertain. These systems exhibit different chaotic behavior and topological properties. The dynamic behavior of the proposed synchronization schemes is more complex and unpredictable. These attributes of the proposed synchronization schemes enhance the security of the information signal in digital communication systems. The proposed switching law ensures the convergence of the error vectors to the switching surface and the feedback control signals guarantee the fast convergence of the error vectors to the origin. Lyapunov stability theory proves the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop. The paper also designs suitable parameters update laws the estimate the unknown parameters. Computer-based simulation results verify the theoretical findings.
CAPHAR: context-aware personalized human activity recognition using associative learning in smart environments
Authors: Khowaja Sunder Ali , Yahya Bernardo Nugroho , Lee Seok-Lyong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe existing action recognition systems mainly focus on generalized methods to categorize human actions. However, the generalized systems cannot attain the same level of recognition performance for new users mainly due to the high variance in terms of human behavior and the way of performing actions, i.e. activity handling. The use of personalized models based on similarity was introduced to overcome the activity handling problem, but the improvement was found to be limited as the similarity was based on physiognomies rather than the behavior. Moreover, human interaction with contextual information has not been studied extensively in the domain of action recognition. Such interactions can provide an edge for both recognizing high-level activities and improving the personalization effect. In this paper, we propose the context-aware personalized human activity recognition (CAPHAR) framework which computes the class association rules between low-level actions/sensor activations and the contextual information to recognize high-level activities. The personalization in CAPHAR leverages the individual behavior process using a similarity metric to reduce the effect of the activity handling problem. The experimental results on the “daily lifelog” dataset show that CAPHAR can achieve at most 23.73% better accuracy for new users in comparison to the existing classification methods.
Face masks: benefits and risks during the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Matuschek Christiane , Moll Friedrich , Fangerau Heiner , Fischer Johannes C. , Zänker Kurt , van Griensven Martijn , Schneider Marion , Kindgen-Milles Detlef , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo , Lichtenberg Artur , Tamaskovics Balint , Djiepmo-Njanang Freddy Joel , Budach Wilfried , Corradini Stefanie , Häussinger Dieter , Feldt Torsten , Jensen Björn , Pelka Rainer , Orth Klaus , Peiper Matthias , Grebe Olaf , Maas Kitti , Gerber Peter Arne , Pedoto Alessia , Bölke Edwin , Haussmann Jan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe German government has made it mandatory to wear respiratory masks covering mouth and nose (MNC) as an effective strategy to fight SARS-CoV-2 infections. In many countries, this directive has been extended on shopping malls or public transportation. The aim of this paper is to critically analyze the statutory regulation to wear protective masks during the COVID-19 crisis from a medical standpoint.MethodsWe performed an extensive query of the most recent publications addressing the prevention of viral infections including the use of face masks in the community as a method to prevent the spread of the infection. We addressed the issues of practicability, professional use, and acceptability based on the community and the environment where the user resided.ResultsUpon our critical review of the available literature, we found only weak evidence for wearing a face mask as an efficient hygienic tool to prevent the spread of a viral infection. However, the use of MNC seems to be linked to relevant protection during close contact scenarios by limiting pathogen-containing aerosol and liquid droplet dissemination. Importantly, we found evidence for significant respiratory compromise in patients with severe obstructive pulmonary disease, secondary to the development of hypercapnia. This could also happen in patients with lung infections, with or without SARS-CoV-2.ConclusionEpidemiologists currently emphasize that wearing MNC will effectively interrupt airborne infections in the community. The government and the politicians have followed these recommendations and used them to both advise and, in some cases, mandate the general population to wear MNC in public locations. Overall, the results seem to suggest that there are some clinically relevant scenarios where the use of MNC necessitates more defined recommendations. Our critical evaluation of the literature both highlights the protective effects of certain types of face masks in defined risk groups, and emphasizes their potential risks.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 on medical care workers in China
Authors: Si Ming-Yu , Su Xiao-You , Jiang Yu , Wang Wen-Jun , Gu Xiao-Fen , Ma Li , Li Jing , Zhang Shao-Kai , Ren Ze-Fang , Ren Ran , Liu Yuan-Li , Qiao You-Lin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Medical care workers experienced unprecedented levels of workload and pressure since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Little is known about its exact impact on medical care workers and related factors in China. This study aims to identify the psychological impact of COVID-19 on medical care workers in China.

Methods
From February 23 to March 5, 2020, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 863 medical care workers from seven provinces in China using standard questionnaires measuring adverse psychological outcomes including Impact of Event Scale-6 (IES-6), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale(DASS)and related psychosocial factors like perceived threat, social support and coping strategies. Exploratory Factor analysis was performed to identify the dimensions of perceived threat by study participants. Multivariate regression was used to examine the determinants of adverse psychological outcomes.

Results
Posttraumatic stress (PTS) were prevalent in this sample of health care professionals, and 40.2% indicated positive screens for significant posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. The proportion of having mild to extremely severe symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were 13.6, 13.9 and 8.6%, respectively. Perceived threat and passive coping strategies were positively correlated to PTS and DASS scores, while perceived social support and active coping strategies were negatively correlated to DASS scores. Nurses were more likely to be anxious than others among medical care workers during the COVID-19 epidemic.

Conclusions
Adverse psychological symptoms were prevalent among medical care workers in China during the COVID-19 epidemic. Screening for adverse psychological outcomes and developing corresponding preventive measures would be beneficial in decreasing negative psychological outcomes.