bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A note on the double dual graviton
Authors: Henneaux Marc , Lekeu Victor , Leonard Amaury 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The (free) graviton admits, in addition to the standard Pauli-Fierz description by means of a rank-two symmetric tensor, a description in which one dualizes the corresponding

-curvature tensor on one column to get a

-tensor, where D is the spacetime dimension. This tensor derives from a gauge field with mixed Yound symmetry

called the ‘dual graviton’ field. The dual graviton field is related non-locally to the Pauli-Fierz field (even on-shell), in much the same way as a p -form potential and its dual

-form potential are related in the theory of an abelian p -form. Since the Pauli-Fierz field has a Young tableau with two columns (of one box each), one can contemplate a double dual description in which one dualizes on both columns and not just on one. The double dual curvature is now a

-tensor and derives from a gauge field with

mixed Young symmetry, the ‘double dual graviton’ field. We show, however, that the double dual graviton field is algebraically and locally related to the original Pauli-Fierz field and, so, does not provide a truly new description of the graviton. From this point of view, it plays a very different role from the dual graviton field obtained through a single dualization. We also show that these equations can be obtained from a variational principle in which the variables to be varied in the action are (all) the components of the double-dual field as well as an auxiliary field with

Young symmetry. By gauge fixing the shift symmetries of this action principle, one recovers the Pauli-Fierz action. Our approach differs from the interesting approach based on parent actions and covers only the free, sourceless theory. Similar results are argued to hold for higher spin gauge fields.
The Effect of Zn in as-Cast Mg-Zn Alloys for Biodegradable Materials
Authors: Setiawan Asep Ridwan , Putera Satria Al Azhary , Basuki Arif , Wibowo Untung Ari 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This research presents the analysis of microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion behavior of three Mg-Zn binary alloys, Mg-1Zn, Mg-3Zn, and Mg-5Zn. The result of metallography for as-Cast Mg-Zn alloys with different Zn content shows that the presence of Zn will cause grain refinement effect to the microstructure of Mg-Zn alloys and allows the formation of γ phase of Mg-Zn precipitation along the grain boundaries. The addition of Zn also significantly increases the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys corresponding to fine grain strengthening and second phase strengthening effect. Immersion test in Ringer’s solution show that the addition of Zn in magnesium alloys reduce its corrosion rate by improving magnesium alloys corrosion potential.
The Study of the Effect of Slag Ferronickel Substitution (FNS) in Portland Concrete on Corrosion Resistance of Reinforced Steel in Chloride Environment with Cyclic Polarization Method
Authors: Ibnu M , Riastuti Rini , Ashari A S , Aryani I T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ferronickel slag is a by-product of the ferronickel extraction process. Smelting process that contain the oxide compounds such as SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, and Fe2O3. The compound content is similar to the content of Portland brand commercial cement (OPC) which is commonly used as raw material for making concrete. Therefore, this research will analyze the effect of using ferronickel slag as a cement mixture on the resistance of reinforced steel in concrete. The author will analyze the corrosion behavior of various mixtures of OPC cement and ferronickel slag with variations in the use of Ferronickel slag as much as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% with OPC cement in the process of curing concrete for 28 days then it is immersed 3.5% NaCl solution. The concrete wiil uses cyclic polarization method to analyze pitting behaviour and resistance corrosion of reinforced steel in chloride environment. The results show that the steel in the 20% slag concrete mixture added with OPC cement has resistance compared to other mixed variations.
Effects of Poling on Electrical Properties of Flexible Piezoelectric Composites with Natural Rubber Matrix
Authors: Promsawat Methee , Boonsri Kan-ubon , Samadoloh Sukanya , Promsawat Napatporn , Kalkornsurapranee Ekwipoo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This work was done to study effects of electrical applied voltage on electrical properties of flexible piezoelectric composites with natural rubber (NR) matrices. Different amounts of lead magnesium niobate titanate (PMNT) as a piezoelectric phase were added into NR matrices. NR/xPMNT (where x = 0, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 150 phr) composites were consequently obtained. The composites were poled under 25 kV/cm electric field for 30 mins. For all the samples, tetragonality is enhanced after poling. Dielectric and ferroelectric properties, and generated electrical voltage of unpoled and poled samples were measured. For the samples with x ≤ 80 phr, the properties are not improved with the poling process. However, for x > 80 phr samples, the properties are significantly enhanced after poling. A percent increase in generated electrical voltage after poling tends to increase with increasing PMNT concentration. The overall result suggests that the NR/100PMNT composite is suitable for applications as high mechanical damage resistance piezoelectric sensors and generators.
Investigation of Notch Dept Effect on Domain Wall Depinning in Ferromagnetic Nanowires by Micromagnetic Simulation
Authors: Kurniawan Candra , Soegijono Bambang , Djuhana Dede 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Utilization of topological nanostructure such as magnetic domain wall (DW) as a future generation of non-volatile memory as racetrack memory has been attracted more researchers due to potential to achieve higher speed of data read/writing and capacity. However, completed understanding of DW dynamics was still need to be improved by advanced analysis from the theoretical/simulation or experimental methods. In this study, the effect of geometrical notch dept on domain wall depinning in Permalloy (Py) nanowires by micromagnetic simulation method have been investigated. The varied double notch dept from 10 to 90 nm in 200 nm of wire width were used and the transverse type DW was triggered by nanosecond current pulse to observe the critical depinning current (J
d). It is observed that the depinning current was increased as the notch dept increases. However, the magnitude of J
d have a maximum values for all notch length variation. The increasing of notch length has shifted the maximum J
d to the larger notch dept values. This behavior indicated that the optimum notch design was needed to obtain higher speed and lower depinning energy in the development of domain wall based devices.
Investigation the exponential decay of LSPR Ag nanorod-coupled with side by side configuration using boundary element method
Authors: Fitria Nesy , Kuddah Muhammad Sujak Mansur , Djuhana Dede 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this study, we have systematically investigated LSPR spectra of Ag nanorod-coupled with side of side configuration by a public optical modelling, MNPBEM. The electromagnetic field was applied in perpendicular and parallel direction. The simulation showed the extinction peaks shifted to red-shift in longitudinal mode while shifted to blue-shift in transverse mode as the gap distance increased. The electric field distribution showed increasing in area between nanorod in transverse mode as the gap distance reduced. Contrary, the electric field distribution relatively was constant in longitudinal mode. The electric field increased at end of Ag nanorod-coupled. Furthermore, we have also calculated the different value of Ag coupling and single nanorod to the aspect ratio of the gap distance and the length of nanorod. Interestingly, it was found following the exponential behaviour in longitudinal mode with the decay length related to the electric field distribution as the gap distance increased.
Wet-spinning of Cellulose Acetate Reinforced with Acetylated Nano-crystalline Cellulose as Carbon Fibre Precursors
Authors: Harahap Mahyuni , Hararak Bongkot , Khan Inam , Pandita Surya , Saharman Gea 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The search precursors that are bio-based, renewable and biodegradable has attracted significant attention due to increased environmental awareness. Recently, nano-crystalline cellulose (NCC) has been considered as a potential precursor to produce carbon fibre owing to its high crystallinity and excellent mechanical properties. However, its crystallinity prevents it from being dissolved in comment solvents. The main aims of this study were: (i) to acetylate NCC to improve its compatibility with cellulose acetate and (ii) to produce wet-spun cellulose acetate fibres reinforced acetylated and unacetylated NCC. In this study, rod-like particles of NCC with diameters in the range 2.0-4.8 nm and lengths of 46-114 nm were characterised using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The carbonyl (C=O) group of the acetyl group was confirmed using Fourier Transmission Infrared (FTIR), and the crystallinity of NCC was characterised using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The crystallinity indicates of the NCC before and after acetylation were 78% and 68% respectively. The morphology of wet-spun cellulose acetate reinforced acetylated NCC was smoother than reinforced NCC. The acetylation on NCC increased its compatibility with the polymer matrix.
Enhancing Properties of Cured NR/PVA Blends Using Glutaraldehyde as a Crosslinking Agent: Effect of Nano-Clay Loading
Authors: Lehman Nussana , Songtipya Ladawan , Johns Jobish , Kalkornsurapranee Ekwipoo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A novel and inexpensive method to vulcanize natural rubber (NR) was successfully developed and reported in our previous work. NR can be easily vulcanized using glutaraldehyde (GA) at low temperature without adding any specific activators. However, there is some limitation (i.e., poor film formation and properties) to apply as many product items. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to improve the properties and film formation of this cured system. The effect of loading levels of nano-clay on the properties of GA cured NR/PVA blends has been investigated. Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties were characterized. From the overall characterization, cured NR/PVA blends with 1 phr of nano-clay exhibited the highest tensile strength, elongation at break and hardness of 8.02 MPa, 690% and 62.4 shore A, respectively. Enhancing in thermal stability of the sample was confirmation by shifting of degradation temperature based TGA technique. The experimental results reveal that the properties and film formation of this system can be developed with the proper additives in the preparation. From obtained knowledge, it is interesting due to it can be applied for various industrial applications with eases of producing at low temperature and cost.
Current State of Lithium Ion Battery Components and Their Development
Authors: Saskia Maria Kayra , Kartini Evvy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
LIB is a secondary (rechargeable) battery and have been in the spotlight of battery development due to its advantageous qualities in our era of mobile electronics. To improve the LIB for its application in day-to-day life and beyond, development of its separate components, namely the cathode, anode and electrolyte, is essential. Hence, this paper compiles past developments of Lithium Ion Battery (LIB) components, focusing on a general overall view of cathode, anode and electrolytes materials, and including the recent development of LIB in Indonesia.
Study of microstructure and wear properties of novel aluminium-modified fly ash composite
Authors: Panda Bijayani , Vishwanatha A D , Niranjan C A , Harisha P , Chandan K R , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) were prepared by compocasting route by melting AA 1200 aluminium alloy in a stir casting furnace and adding 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt. % (weight percentage) of modified fly ash (FA). Modified FA was synthesized by treating FA with graphite and magnesium powder in the ratio of 1:1:2.5 at 650°C in nitrogen atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of modified FA showed peaks of MgO, MgO3Si, Mg2Si and SiC in addition to the peaks of SiO2, Al2O5Si and AlPO4 present in FA. Tapped density of the modified FA was found to be 0.69 g/cm3. Optical microscopy studies on the cast composites showed segregation of modified FA particles at the grain boundaries. Hardness measurement showed that the hardness of the composite increased with increase in the amount of modified FA. Pin-on-disc wear studies revealed that the wear rate of the composite increased with the increase in the amount modified FA. At 8 wt. % modified FA, the wear rate was found to decrease drastically. The increase in wear rate was correlated to the improper bonding between the particles and the matrix phase due to segregation of particles as confirmed by optical microscopy. The wear process was slowed down with increasing amount of reinforcement due to the prevalent abrasive wear mechanism as the particles dislodged during wear process.
A case study of identification and classification of microplastics using aluminium sulfate in wastewater treatment facility on the university campus
Authors: Yoganandhan U , Yuvedha S , Arun V R , Salman Kuristh S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study is to identify the Microplastics in the effluent of the treatment plant on the University campus. The plastic with less than 5 (five) mm size is universally considered as Microplastics. Volume reduced sampling method is used and for sample concentration, Aluminium sulfate as the coagulant is used. A sample was concentrated as the liquid and solid powder. One micron filter paper is used. Visual identification was done using the dissecting microscope, For particles smaller than 40X magnification scanning electron microscope (SEM) we used. For Identification of polymers Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used. In FT-IR test results all the liquid samples were negative in a result, and all the solid samples were positive that, it showed the presence of polymer in the sample, the plastics identified are Polyethylene, polystyrene, Polyvinyl chloride, Polyamide (nylon) in the solid sample.
Application of wavelet analysis to differences in modal rotations for damage identification
Authors: Katunin A , Araújo dos Santos J V , Lopes H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Shearography is an effective non-destructive testing method which already found numerous applications in structural damage identification and for various industrial branches. This method, however, consider the detection and localization based on the irregularities found on rotation fields. This paper presents the concept of non-destructive damage identification in structural elements using modal rotation together with advanced signal processing for the enhancement of its sensitivity, thus allowing for overcoming the problem of small damage detectability. The presented approach uses a set modal rotations fields of a beam, initially processed from shearographic phase maps, for undamaged and damage states. The difference in modal rotations, between the two damages states, is initially calculated and afterward is subjected to a wavelet transform. The presented results show the effectiveness of the presented approach in tasks of structural damage identification.
Estimation of residual stress and deformation of laser deposited tracks of Ni-5Mo-5Al powder using thermo-mechanical finite element simulation
Authors: Shrivastava Ankit , Kumar Vikash , Singh Vivek , Mukherjee Sumanta , Kumar Prakash , Chakraborty Sitanshu Shekhar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Exhaust fans and manifolds, valve and pump seats, connecting rods etc. are coated with Ni-5Mo-5Al powder for service temperature up to 650 °C. Till date, it has been coated on structural steels etc. substrate mostly using plasma spray and High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) spraying. However, a few pioneering works, reported cladding by melt and deposition of the same powder using laser. Laser being much more precise heat source has the potential to achieve cladding without causing much thermally induced damage. In this work, laser cladding of Ni-5Mo-5Al powder was simulated probably for the first time. Layer thickness and width were input from the experiments. A significant amount of tensile residual stress (up to 500 MPa normal stress component along the scan track) and deformation (up to 32 μm) of the deposited layer was found in the simulation results. These were more at higher laser power. Experiments consisted of depositing overlapping tracks, on AISI 1020 steel cylindrical substrates having 39 mm diameter and 22.4 mm thickness, by blown powder method, with the help of a 2 KW Yb fibre laser having 1.07 μmwavelength.
Effect of ageing treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of α+β type titanium alloy used for biomaterials
Authors: Mandal P K , Sam Mathews Manu , Daniel Benjamin A , Devasia Jithin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The high strength Ti-Al-V alloy is a α+β type that could be extensively used for many special applications like health care instruments owing to their unique combination of better mechanical properties, superior biocorrosion resistance with excellent biocompatibility, and aerospace applications. This high strength titanium alloy system has a combination of α+β stabilizing elements such as aluminium 7.18 wt.%, and vanadium 7.69 wt.% with high nitrogen content. But special purpose of nitrogen content is α stabilizer that acts as solid solution strengthener, enhancement of mechanical properties and increasing the strain (ε) of this alloy. This experimental work has been dealt with the results of influencing the microstructure of as-received titanium alloy by solution treatment at 860oC for 1h followed by immediately quenching into oil (STQoq) and water (STQwq). These solution treated alloys were preferred for ageing at 500oC for 5h then air cooling (STA). The heat treated alloy was examined likely to OM, SEM, Vicker’s hardness measurement and tensile testing. The optimum tensile properties have been achieved after STQwq+STA treatment such as YS 915 MPa, UTS 1234 MPa, Strain (ε) 40%, RA 18.34%, and YS to UTS ratio of 0.74, respectively.
Effect of process parameters on geometrical aspects in direct metal laser deposition of Ni5Mo5Al hardface coating
Authors: Kumar Vikash , Shrivastava Ankit , Patra Karmakar Debapriya , Shekhar Chakraborty Shitanshu , Roy Himadri , Gopinath Muvvala , Kumar Prakash , Mukherjee Sumanta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Direct metal laser deposition of hardfacing alloys on engineering components can improve their life significantly. This work explores the role of laser power and scanning speed on the deposition geometry of Ni5Mo5Al. Variation of cross-sectional morphologies of overlapped deposition tracks with varying process parameters was examined. The results indicated that higher laser power or lower laser scanning speed improves the deposition rate. Near-uniform heights of overlapping deposition tracks were achieved for 600 W laser power and 700 mm/min scanning speed with ∼50% overlap. The depth of penetration was also highest for that parameter combination. The resultant coating exhibited an almost 60% rise in microhardness from the base material, signifying the potential of the deposited material in improving the wear and erosion resistance of engineering components.
Synthesis and characterization of calcium fluoride added zirconia toughened alumina composite powder
Authors: Kumar Sadhu Kishor , Mazumder Subhrojyoti , Roy Poulomi , Acharya Sourav , Kumar Show Bijay , Mandal Nilrudra 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The present paper aims to synthesise a composite powder consisting of zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) and calcium fluoride (CaF2) together followed by their morphological study and characterization. Yttria-stabilized zirconia toughened alumina added with CaF2 was fabricated in the laboratory with the aid of co-precipitation method. The morphological and elemental studies are carried out by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). Presence of different phases are investigated using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The temperature at which the powder decomposes are obtained by differential thermal analysis/thermo gravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA).
Enhancing the Closed Loop Performance of Semi-active Suspension System with I-PD Controller
Authors: Govinda Kumar E , Raghul S , Kishore Kumar R , Mathan Kumar M , Prasanth C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate for the control quarter car semi-active suspension system using PID controller. In the study, simulation and transfer function models are constructed and used for the control of relative displacement of semi-active suspension system. The conventional PID controller is designed by using Ziegler-Nichols method and it used for the control of suspension system. The closed loop performance of PID controller is improved through reducing the derivative gain value. It shows that, the peak overshoot of closed loop responses are sluggishly reduced. The modified forms PID controller such as PI-D and I-PD controllers are furthermore used for the control of suspension system. From the results, the I-PD controller deliver better closed loop performance compared with PID and PI-D controllers. The control of suspension system using I-PD controller provide superior closed loop performance by means of minimization of peak overshoot and settling time.
Customization-Oriented Product Flexible Manufacturing Experience System Design Based on VR
Authors: Zhao Huiliang , Lyu Jian , Liu Xiang , Liu Zhenghong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It has gradually become the trend of the world to integrate the individualized and diversified needs of customers into products, which has brought new pressure to enterprises, and the diversification of users’ needs has led to the diversification of the market. Manufacturing industry must adjust the existing production mode to adapt to these changes. This paper puts forward the research and development of product flexible customization experience system based on VR considering users’ customization requirement. Through the research of data modularization modelling and dynamic product family model and configuration for product flexible customization, the functions and operation processes of typical industries are analysed. By using modularization idea, the general rules are found out from customer requirements, and the multi-layer module division and model from production system planning to equipment design are studied. Group coupling technology, explore customer modular customization methods and technologies for equipment manufacturing industry. Combining with a case of customization of logistics equipment system, this paper explores how to combine VR technology application with production system simulation technology, build a digital personalized flexible configuration experience system, provide an immersive visual environment of interactive design for customers, and improve the market competitiveness of enterprises.