bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence, preventability, and causality of adverse drug reactions at a university hospital emergency department
Authors: Kauppila Mirjam , Backman Janne T. , Niemi Mikko , Lapatto-Reiniluoto Outi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the characteristics of ADRs in patients admitting at the emergency room of a tertiary hospital.

Methods
We collected the patient records of 1600 emergency room visits of a university hospital in 2018. The patient files were studied retrospectively and all possible ADRs were identified and registered. Patient characteristics, drugs associated with ADRs, causality, severity, preventability, and the role of pharmacogenetics were assessed.

Results
There were 125 cases with ADRs, resulting in a 7.8% overall incidence among emergency visits. The incidence was greatest in visits among elderly patients, reaching 14% (men) to 19% (women) in the 80–89 years age group. The most common causative drugs were warfarin, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), apixaban, and docetaxel, and the most common ADRs were bleedings and neutropenia and/or severe infections. Only two of the cases might have been prevented by pharmacogenetic testing, as advised in Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines.

Conclusion
The same ATC classes, antithrombotics and cytostatics, were involved in ADRs causing university clinic hospitalizations as those identified previously in drug-related hospital fatalities. It seems difficult to prevent these events totally, as the treatments are vitally important and their risk-benefit-relationships have been considered thoroughly, and as pharmacogenetic testing could have been useful in only few cases.
Different Crises, Different Patterns of Trauma. The Impact of a Social Crisis and the COVID‐19 Health Pandemic on a High Violence Area.
Authors: Ramos Perkis Juan Pablo , Achurra Tirado Pablo , Raykar Nakul , Zinco Acosta Analía , Muñoz Alarcon Carolina , Puyana Juan Carlos , Ottolino Lavarte Pablo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgoundSantiago, Chile underwent two separate periods of crisis over the past year. The first period, the ‘social crisis,’ extended over thirteen weeks in late 2019 into early 2020 due to protests over income inequality and the government response to social unrest. The second period, the ‘health crisis,’ began in March 2020 with Chile's first case of COVID‐19 and escalated rapidly to include ‘stay at home orders,’ traffic restrictions, and the shuttering of most businesses. We wished to evaluate the impact of these crisis periods on trauma epidemiology.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of the South‐East Metropolitan Health Service Trauma Registry. Trauma admissions, operative volume, and in‐hospital mortality were evaluated during the crisis period and the year prior.ResultsThe social crisis saw increased levels of trauma, both blunt and penetrating, relative to the time period immediately preceding. The health crisis saw an increase in penetrating trauma with a concomitant decline in blunt trauma. Both crisis periods had decreased levels of trauma, overall, compared to the year prior. There were no statistically significant differences in in‐hospital trauma mortality.ConclusionDifferent crises may have different patterns of trauma. Crisis periods that include extended periods of lockdown and curfew may lead to increasing penetrating trauma volume. Governments and health officials should anticipate the aggregate impact of these measures on public health and develop strategies to actively mitigate them.Level of evidenceIII
Eintrübung von Intraokularlinsen: Erkenntnisse aus dem Labor und der Klinik
Authors: Khoramnia Ramin , Yildirim Timur M. , Łabuz Grzegorz , Mayer Christian S. , Auffarth Gerd U. 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das Spektrum der Komplikationen beim Einsatz von Intraokularlinsen (IOL) ist heute ein anderes als zur Zeit ihrer Einführung. Trübungen im IOL-Material werden vermehrt als Explantationsgrund in der Literatur beschrieben.

Ziel der Arbeit
Diese Arbeit soll einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Formen von IOL-Materialeintrübungen geben.

Material und Methoden
Die heute relevanten Formen von IOL-Materialeintrübungen und deren Auswirkungen auf die optische Abbildungsqualität wurden zusammengestellt.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Als Grund für eine Eintrübung steht bei hydrophilen IOL die Kalzifikation im Vordergrund, während bei hydrophoben IOL v. a. über die Entstehung sog. „Glistenings“ berichtet wird. Die meisten Materialeintrübungen beeinflussen verschiedene optische Parameter und führen zu einem erhöhten intraokularen Streulicht. Im Falle einer störenden Materialeintrübung besteht die einzige Therapieoption in einem Austausch der eingetrübten IOL.
The importance of clinically relevant background therapy in cardioprotective studies
Authors: He Zhenhe , Davidson Sean M. , Yellon Derek M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTreatment of acute myocardial infarct patients (AMI) includes rapid restoration of coronary blood flow and pharmacological therapy aimed to prevent pain and maintain vessel patency. Many interventions have been investigated to offer additional protection. One such intervention is remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) involving short-episodes of ischaemia of the arm with a blood pressure cuff, followed by reperfusion to protect the heart organs from subsequent severe ischaemia. However, the recent CONDI2-ERIC-PPCI multicentre study of RIC in STEMI showed no benefit in clinical outcome in low risk patients. It could also be argued that these patients were already in a partially protected state, highlighting the disconnect between animal- and clinical-based outcome studies. To improve potential translatability, we developed an animal model using pharmacological agents similar to those given to patients presenting with an AMI, prior to PPCI. Rats underwent MI on a combined background of an opioid agonist, heparin and a platelet-inhibitor thereby allowing us to assess whether additional cardioprotective strategies had any effect over and above this “cocktail”. We demonstrated that the “background drugs” were protective in their own right, reducing MI from 57.5 ± 3.7% to 37.3 ± 2.9% (n = 11, p < 0.001). On this background of drugs, RIC did not add any further protection (38.0 ± 3.4%). However, using a caspase inhibitor, which acts via a different mechanistic pathway to RIC, we were able to demonstrate additional protection (20.6 ± 3.3%). This concept provides initial evidence to develop models which can be used to evaluate future animal-to-clinical translation in cardioprotective studies.
Turning a yield-stress calcite suspension into a shear-thickening one by tuning inter-particle friction
Authors: Richards James A. , O’Neill Rory E. , Poon Wilson C. K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe show that a suspension of non-Brownian calcite particles in glycerol-water mixtures can be tuned continuously from being a yield-stress suspension to a shear-thickening suspension—without a measurable yield stress—by the addition of various surfactants. We interpret our results within a recent theoretical framework that models the rheological effects of stress-dependent constraints on inter-particle motion. Bare calcite particle suspensions are found to have finite yield stresses. In these suspensions, frictional contacts that constrain inter-particle sliding form at an infinitesimal applied stress and remain thereafter, while adhesive bonds that constrain inter-particle rotation are broken as the applied stress increases. Adding surfactants reduces the yield stress of such suspensions. We show that, contrary to the case of surfactant added to colloidal suspensions, this effect in non-Brownian suspensions is attributable to the emergence of a finite onset stress for the formation of frictional contacts. Our data suggest that the magnitude of this onset stress is set by the strength of surfactant adsorption to the particle surfaces, which therefore constitutes a new design principle for using surfactants to tune the rheology of formulations consisting of suspensions of adhesive non-Brownian particles.
Budget Feasible Mechanisms on Matroids
Authors: Leonardi Stefano , Monaco Gianpiero , Sankowski Piotr , Zhang Qiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMotivated by many practical applications, in this paper we study budget feasible mechanisms with the goal of procuring an independent set of a matroid. More specifically, we are given a matroid $${\mathcal {M}}=(E,{\mathcal {I}})$$

M
=
(
E
,
I
)

. Each element of the ground set E is controlled by a selfish agent and the cost of the element is private information of the agent itself. A budget limited buyer has additive valuations over the elements of E. The goal is to design an incentive compatible budget feasible mechanism which procures an independent set of the matroid of largest possible value. We also consider the more general case of the pair $${\mathcal {M}}=(E,{\mathcal {I}})$$

M
=
(
E
,
I
)

satisfying only the hereditary property. This includes matroids as well as matroid intersection. We show that, given a polynomial time deterministic algorithm that returns an $$\alpha $$
α
-approximation to the problem of finding a maximum-value independent set in $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
, there exists an individually rational, truthful and budget feasible mechanism which is $$(3\alpha +1)$$

(
3
α
+
1
)

-approximated and runs in polynomial time, thus yielding also a 4-approximation for the special case of matroids.
Tumor control and trigeminal dysfunction improvement after stereotactic radiosurgery for trigeminal schwannomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peciu-Florianu Iulia , Régis Jean , Levivier Marc , Dedeciusova Michaela , Reyns Nicolas , Tuleasca Constantin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTrigeminal nerve schwannomas (TS) are uncommon intracranial tumors, frequently presenting with debilitating trigeminal and/or oculomotor nerve dysfunction. While surgical resection has been described, its morbidity and mortality rates are non-negligible. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has emerged with variable results as a valuable alternative. Here, we aimed at reviewing the medical literature on TS treated with SRS so as to investigate rates of tumor control and symptomatic improvement. We reviewed manuscripts published between January 1990 and December 2019 on PubMed. Tumor control and symptomatic improvement rates were evaluated with separate meta-analyses. This meta-analysis included 18 studies comprising a total of 564 patients. Among them, only one reported the outcomes of linear accelerators (Linac), while the others of GK. Tumor control rates after SRS were 92.3% (range 90.1–94.5; p < 0.001), and tumor decrease rates were 62.7% (range 54.3–71, p < 0.001). Tumor progression rates were 9.4% (range 6.8–11.9, p < 0.001). Clinical improvement rates of trigeminal neuralgia were 63.5% (52.9–74.1, p < 0.001) and of oculomotor nerves were 48.2% (range 36–60.5, p < 0.001). Clinical worsening rate was 10.7% (range 7.6–13.8, p < 0.001). Stereotactic radiosurgery for TS is associated with high tumor control rates and favorable clinical outcomes, especially for trigeminal neuralgia and oculomotor nerves. However, patients should be correctly advised about the risk of tumor progression and potential clinical worsening. Future clinical studies should focus on standard reporting of clinical outcomes.
Foliar dust and heavy metal deposit on leaves of urban trees in Budapest (Hungary)
Authors: Hrotkó Károly , Gyeviki Márta , Sütöriné Diószegi Magdolna , Magyar Lajos , Mészáros Róbert , Honfi Péter , Kardos Levente 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis work considers dust deposition and the heavy metal (HM) content on leaves of urban trees (Acer platanoides L. ‘Globosum,’ Fraxinus excelsior L. ‘Westhof’s Glorie’ and Tilia tomentosa Moench.) in order to estimate the trees’ capacity to remove dust and HM from the air. Leaves were collected from the Buda Arboretum and from different streets of heavy traffic in Budapest, Hungary, during 2015 and 2016. At each site, five trees were sampled by collecting 6 leaves from each tree from the height of 2–3 m. Dust deposits on the leaves were removed by soaking the fresh foliage in distilled water for 20 h and then washed with ultrasound shaking. Afterward, the leaves were dried to constant weight and then they were digested in nitric acid–hydrogen peroxide treatment, and their Pb, Fe, Ni, Zn and Cu contents were measured using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP AS) spectrometer. The removed dust deposit was dried, and after a similar digestion treatment the Pb, Fe, Ni, Zn and Cu contents were measured using an AURORA AI 1200 AAS appliance. The HM deposit was calculated in mg m–2 leaf surface area. In 2015, the amount of foliar dust deposit from spring to autumn increased from 86.3 to 270.2 mg m–2. The most efficient tree species in trapping dust on their leaves was the silver linden (98.5–123.5 mg m−2), followed by the Norway maple (74.2–84.8 mg m−2) and the common ash (62.8–74.6 mg m−2). The deposit of HM elements showed seasonal differences: the quantity of Fe and Pb deposit on autumnal leaves increased five- to tenfold, while other heavy metals did not show accumulation. Silver linden with its pubescent (hairy) leaf surface proved to be most efficient in entrapping and retaining dust and heavy metals. The 60–100% higher Pb and Fe content of autumnal leaves indicate that over the season leaves may absorb Fe and Pb from the foliar dust. Our results confirmed that the foliar dust is a potential indicator for monitoring the HM content in the air. We also show that foliar dust deposits should be considered when estimating the capacity of urban trees to clean the air.
Spectral Engineering Via Complex Patterns of Circular Nano-Object Miniarrays: II. Concave Patterns Tunable by Integrated Lithography Realized by Circularly Polarized Light
Authors: Tóth Emese , Sipos Áron , Fekete Olivér A. , Csete Mária 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe use of circularly polarized beams in interferometric illumination of colloid sphere monolayers enables the direct fabrication of rectangular patterns composed of circular nanohole miniarrays in metal films. This paper presents a study on the spectral and near-field effects of complex rectangular patterns consisted of a central nanoring and slightly rotated satellite nanocrescents in azimuthal orientations, which promote coupling between localized and propagating plasmons. To inspect the localized modes separately, we investigate the spectral responses and near-field phenomena of hexagonal patterns composed of uniform nanorings and nanocrescents, which can be fabricated by a single, homogeneous, circularly polarized beam incident perpendicularly and obliquely, respectively. To understand the interaction of localized and propagating modes, we analyze artificial rectangular patterns composed of a singlet nanoring, a singlet horizontal nanocrescent, and a quadrumer of four slightly rotated nanocrescents. The results demonstrate that on the rectangular pattern of a singlet horizontal nanocrescent the interacting C2 and C1 localized resonances in the C orientation ($$0^{\circ }$$

0
∘

azimuthal angle) and the U localized resonance coupled with propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in the U orientation ($$90^{\circ }$$

90
∘

azimuthal angle) manifest themselves in similar split spectra. Moreover, split spectra appear due to the coupling of the azimuthal orientation independent localized resonance on the nanorings and the SPPs propagating on their rectangular pattern in the U orientation. The spectral response of the complex miniarray pattern can be precisely tuned by varying the geometrical parameters of the moderately interacting nanoholes and the pattern period. In appropriate configurations, the fluorescence of the dipolar emitters is enhanced, which has potential applications in bio-object detection.
Principali test di stimolo e di inibizione per la patologia antero-ipofisaria: avvertenze per l’uso nella popolazione di età superiore ai 65 anni
Authors: Caputo Marina , Mele Chiara , Ferrero Alice , Leone Ilaria , Marzullo Paolo , Prodam Flavia , Aimaretti Gianluca 
Published: November 2020

SommarioLa fisiopatologia dell’invecchiamento non è ancora stata del tutto chiarita sebbene numerosi filoni di ricerca siano attivi in questo ambito in considerazione dell’aumento della vita media della popolazione generale. Il sistema endocrino riveste un ruolo critico in questo contesto in quanto, durante l’invecchiamento, avvengono importanti modifiche nel pattern secretorio dell’asse ipotalamo-ipofisi e nella sua sensibilità ai meccanismi di feedback. Risulta pertanto evidente come, nell’ambito della quotidiana pratica clinica, sia necessaria un’interpretazione critica dei principali test endocrinologi per lo studio delle patologie ipofisarie nella popolazione over 65, per la quale spesso non esistono cut-off età-specifici.
Product formalisms for measures on spaces with binary tree structures: representation, visualization, and multiscale noise
Authors: Bassu Devasis , Jones Peter W. , Ness Linda , Shallcross David 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we present a theoretical foundation for a representation of a data set as a measure in a very large hierarchically parametrized family of positive measures, whose parameters can be computed explicitly (rather than estimated by optimization), and illustrate its applicability to a wide range of data types. The preprocessing step then consists of representing data sets as simple measures. The theoretical foundation consists of a dyadic product formula representation lemma, and a visualization theorem. We also define an additive multiscale noise model that can be used to sample from dyadic measures and a more general multiplicative multiscale noise model that can be used to perturb continuous functions, Borel measures, and dyadic measures. The first two results are based on theorems in [15, 3, 1]. The representation uses the very simple concept of a dyadic tree and hence is widely applicable, easily understood, and easily computed. Since the data sample is represented as a measure, subsequent analysis can exploit statistical and measure theoretic concepts and theories. Because the representation uses the very simple concept of a dyadic tree defined on the universe of a data set, and the parameters are simply and explicitly computable and easily interpretable and visualizable, we hope that this approach will be broadly useful to mathematicians, statisticians, and computer scientists who are intrigued by or involved in data science, including its mathematical foundations.
Generic Newton points and the Newton poset in Iwahori-double cosets
Authors: Milićević Elizabeth , Viehmann Eva 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider the Newton stratification on Iwahori-double cosets in the loop group of a reductive group. We describe a group-theoretic condition on the generic Newton point, called cordiality, under which the Newton poset (that is, the index set for non-empty Newton strata) is saturated and Grothendieck’s conjecture on closures of the Newton strata holds. Finally, we give several large classes of Iwahori-double cosets for which this condition is satisfied by studying certain paths in the associated quantum Bruhat graph.
Surveillance and identification of clusters of healthcare workers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Multidimensional interventions at a comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Ariza-Heredia Ella J. , Frenzel Elizabeth , Cantu Sherry , Carlson Mary , Thomas Georgia , Khawaja Fareed , Raad Issam I. , Chemaly Roy F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground:Cases of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. In this report, we describe 3 clusters of COVID-19 infections among healthcare workers (HCWs), not associated with patient exposure, and the interventions undertaken to halt ongoing exposure and transmission at our cancer center.Methods:A cluster of cases was defined as 2 or more cases of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–positive COVID-19 among HCWs who work in the same unit area at the same time. Cases were identified by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing. Contact tracing, facility observations, and infection prevention assessments were performed to investigate the 3 clusters between March 1 and April 30, 2020, with subsequent implementation of containment strategies.Results:The initial cluster involved HCWs from an ancillary services unit, with contacts traced back to a gathering in a break room in which 1 employee was symptomatic, although not yet diagnosed with COVID-19, with subsequent transmission to 7 employees. The second cluster involved 4 employees and was community related. The third cluster involved only 2 employees with possible transmission while working in the same office at the same time. A step-up approach was implemented to control the spread of infection among employees, including universal masking, enhanced cleaning, increase awareness, and surveillance testing. No nosocomial transmission to patients transpired.Conclusions:To our knowledge, this is the first report of a hospital-based cluster of COVID-19 infections among HCWs in a cancer hospital describing our steps to mitigate further transmission.
The role of the social vulnerability index in personal protective equipment shortages, number of cases, and associated mortality during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Michigan skilled nursing facilities
Authors: LeRose Jennifer J. , Merlo Courtney , Duong Phong , Harden Kelsi , Rush Rebecca , Artzberger Adam , Sidhu Nikki , Sandhu Avnish , Chopra Teena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) is used to stratify community need for support during disasters. We evaluated relationships between the SVI and personal protective equipment shortages, COVID-19 caseload, and mortality rates in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). In SVI quartile 4, personal protective equipment shortages were 2.3 times those in SNFs in quartile 1; COVID-19 case loads were 1.6 times those of SNFs in quartile 1; and mortality rates in were 1.9 times those of SNFs in SVI quartile 1.
Putative role of vitamin D in the mechanism of alcoholism and other addictions – a hypothesis
Authors: Galyuk Tanya M. , Loonen Anton J.M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:Vitamin D deficiency may be a clinical problem in patients with addictions. The authors systematically searched for studies addressing vitamin D and addiction and develop a hypothesis which can direct future research of the possible mechanistic role of vitamin D in the process of addiction.Methods:Systematic review of the literature found in PubMed and EMBASE followed by narrative review combined with clinical experiences leading to hypotheses for future research.Results:Only five articles were identified about a role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of addiction. Their results are in line with a possible influence of vitamin D in dopaminergic transmission. The cerebral vitamin D status depends on the functionality of genetic variants of vitamin D receptor and other involved genes. Routine serum calcidiol levels may not adequately reflect cerebral vitamin D status. Uncertainty exists regarding appropriate calcidiol blood levels and proper dosages for affecting the central nervous system (CNS).Conclusions:The putative pathophysiological role of vitamin D in substance abuse has been insufficiently studied which calls to more studies how to measure cerebral vitamin D status in clinical practice. Research is indicated whether vitamin D supplementation should use higher dosages and aim to reach higher calcidiol serum levels. Measuring dopaminergic functioning within the prefrontal cortex as reflected by neuropsychological tests selected as suitable could be a appropriate proxy for the cerebral vitamin D status when studying the pharmacogenomics of this functionality in patients.