bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Pattern of Mental Illness among School Age Children Seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital: A Six Year Study
Authors: Nkporbu A. K. , Alex-Hart B. A. 
Published: February 2020

Background: A sound mental health in school age children is critical for good academic achievements and a better transition from childhood to adulthood. The increasing prevalence of mental illness in school age children, especially the adolescents, is of great public health concern globally.
Aim: The aim of this study therefore was to determine the prevalence and pattern of mental health disorders among school age children seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH).
Methodology: Consent for the study was obtained from the research ethical committee of the hospital. Medical case notes of all patients aged 5 years to 18 years seen in the clinic by Consultant Child and adolescent Psychiatrists from 2015 to 2019 were retrieved and thoroughly reviewed. Data was analyzed using the SPSS version 20 statistical package and results presented using descriptive and analytical methods.
Results: Out of 7,856 patients seen in the Neuropsychiatry Clinic within the period under review, 408 (5.2%) were children aged between 5 to 18 years. Male was higher with 232 (56.9%). The most prevalent mental illnesses were anxiety disorders, 58 (14.2%), depressive illnesses 46 (11.3%), schizophrenic illness 44 (10.8%), mental and behavioural abnormality secondary to substance abuse (MABD) 43 (10.5%), bipolar affective disorders 37 (9.1%), while conversion disorders was the least with 3 (0.7%).
Conclusion: Mental disorders are common among school age children seen in UPTH and often impair the emotional wellbeing of this population. A detailed and well worked out plan of management is needed to provide optimal mental health services to children and adolescents. Well-coordinated mental health services should be inculcated into the School Health Programme in Nigeria.
Presepsin as a New Marker for Early Detection Neonatal Sepsis in Al-Quwayiyah General Hospital Riyadh, KSA
Authors: Khater Enas Sh. , Al-Hosiny Taha M. 
Published: February 2020

Background: Early detection and start of antibiotic therapy neonatal sepsis (N.S) dramatically improves outcomes, so it is important to perform fast, reliable and specific early laboratory biomarkers.
Aim: This study aimed to detect the prevelance, the risk factors, hematology profile, microbial profile of neonatal sepsis patients and also investigate the value of PCT and CRP, in comparison to presepsin in establishing the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.
Methods: A cross sectional study was performed from March to September 2019 in Al Quwayiyah General hospital involving 120 neonates who were classified into 3 groups. The patients groups were: Proved N.S, suspected N.S and control healthy neonates, classified depending on Tollner score. Haematology profile and blood culture for each neonate were done. CRP, PCT and presepsin values were analyzed, compared, and their effectiveness as diagnostic markers was determined. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values of the markers were calculated. Results: The prevelance of neonatal sepsis was 20.8%. 75 neonates were males and 45 neonates were females. 74 neonates were preterm, while 46 were full term. Gestational age in weeks was 31.1±5.9w for neonates with proved sepsis, 32.4±6.7w for neonates with suspected sepsis and 36.4±4.4w for control group. The mean birth weight was 1740±105.3 g for neonates with proved sepsis, 32.4±6.7 g for neonates with suspected sepsis, 2.650±205.2 g for control group. 36 babies suffered from respiratory distress syndrome, 10 had jaundice, 8 had cough, 28 had fever and 8 complained of other symptoms. Blood cultures were positive for all patients of proved sepsis. The identified bacteria included Gram positive bacteria 22(55%) which were Coagulase negative staph. 13(32.5%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus 4(10%) while Gram negative bacteria 15(37.5%) which were E. coli 5(12.5%) followed by Klebsiella peumoniae and also fungal infection (Candida species) detected in 3(7.5%) cases. There was significant difference between the mean and standared deviation of CRP, PCT and presepsin levels in proved and suspected N.S. groups when compared with healthy controls (P< 0.05). CRP sensitivity and specificity (72%, 61% respectively) which were less useful in diagnosis of neonatal sepsis compared to presepsin which has the highest sensitivity and specificity (95%, 81% respectively) followed by procalcitonin with sensitivity and specificity (90%, 69% respectively).
Conclusion: The prevalence of neonatal sepsis among all admitted neonates in Al-Quwayiyah general hospital was 20.8%. Our results also detected higher sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for presepsin more than and PCT CRP in the diagnosis of NS.
Review of Gynaecological Diagnoses and Surgeries Performed at a Tertiary Health Facility in Niger-Delta of Nigeria from 2012-2017: Implications for Healthcare Planning and Budgeting
Authors: Awoyesuku P. A. , MacPepple D. A. , Altraide B. O. , John D. H. 
Published: February 2020

Background: Gynaecological disorders are a particularly common cause of morbidity and mortality among women of reproductive age and a common cause of hospital presentation/admission and surgery.
Objective: This study sought to review gynaecological diagnoses and surgeries performed in a tertiary health facility from 2012 to 2017 and its implication for healthcare planning and budgeting.
Methodology: This was a retrospective review of all gynaecological diagnoses and surgeries seen in the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) from 2012 to 2017. Data were retrieved using a proforma comprising of year, gynaecological diagnosis and gynaecological surgeries. Data obtained was entered into Microsoft Excel for descriptive analysis.
Results: The proportion of clinic attendees declined from an average of 23% in the first three years (2012-2014) to about 10% in the last three years (2015-2017). The most common gynaecological diagnosis were uterine fibroid (33.3%), infertility 28.1% (primary 5.7%, secondary 22.4%), PID (5.9%), ovarian tumour (4.2%), secondary amenorrhea (3.4%) and pelvic malignancies (3.4%). The commonest major surgeries were myomectomy 441(33.7%), salpingectomy 345(26.4%), hysterectomy 168(12.8%) and cervical cerclage 122(9.3%). The commonest minor surgeries were manual vacuum aspiration 314(41.0%), examination under anaesthesia and biopsy 110(14.3%) and adhesiolysis for synechiae 97(12.6%). The duo of uterine fibroid and infertility made up 50%-70% of all gynaecological diagnoses.
Conclusion: This study showed that there has been a steady decline in gynaecological consultations over the years. However, the duo of uterine fibroid and infertility made up half to three-quarter of all gynaecological diagnoses over the 6 years. Infertility and uterine fibroids have a long cause and effect association. Healthcare policies and budgeting should be increased towards tackling these conditions, especially the setting up of a fertility center to provide assisted reproductive technologies and laparoscopy to improve practice and patient outcome.
Radiprodil, a NR2B negative allosteric modulator, from bench to bedside in infantile spasm syndrome
Authors: Auvin Stéphane , Dozières‐Puyravel Blandine , Avbersek Andreja , Sciberras David , Collier Jo , Leclercq Karine , Mares Pavel , Kaminski Rafal M. , Muglia Pierandrea 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveInfantile spasm syndrome (ISS) is an epileptic encephalopathy without established treatment after the failure to standard of care based on steroids and vigabatrin. Converging lines of evidence indicating a role of NR2B subunits of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor on the onset of spams in ISS patients, prompted us to test radiprodil, a negative allosteric NR2B modulator in preclinical seizure models and in infants with ISS.MethodsRadiprodil has been tested in three models, including pentylenetetrazole‐induced seizures in rats across different postnatal (PN) ages. Three infants with ISS have been included in a phase 1b escalating repeated dose study.ResultsRadiprodil showed the largest protective seizure effects in juvenile rats (maximum at PN12, corresponding to late infancy in humans). Three infants resistant to a combination of vigabatrin and prednisolone received individually titrated doses of radiprodil for up to 34 days. Radiprodil was safe and well tolerated in all three infants, and showed the expected pharmacokinetic profile. One infant became spasm‐free and two showed clinical improvement without reaching spasm‐freedom. After radiprodil withdrawal, the one infant continued to be spasm‐free, while the two others experienced seizure worsening requiring the use of the ketogenic diet and other antiepileptic drugs.InterpretationRadiprodil showed prominent anti‐seizure effect in juvenile animals, consistent with the prevalent expression of NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor at this age in both rodents and humans. The clinical testing, although preliminary, showed that radiprodil is associated with a good safety and pharmacokinetic profile, and with the potential to control epileptic spasms.
Modular Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Terpenes and their Analogues
Authors: Johnson Luke A. , Dunbabin Alice , Benton Jennifer C. R. , Mart Robert J. , Allemann Rudolf K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNon‐natural terpenoids offer potential as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. However, their chemical syntheses are often long, complex, and not easily amenable to large‐scale production. Herein, we report a modular chemoenzymatic approach to synthesize terpene analogues from diphosphorylated precursors produced in quantitative yields. Through the addition of prenyl transferases, farnesyl diphosphates, (2E,6E)‐FDP and (2Z,6Z)‐FDP, were isolated in greater than 80 % yields. The synthesis of 14,15‐dimethyl‐FDP, 12‐methyl‐FDP, 12‐hydroxy‐FDP, homo‐FDP, and 15‐methyl‐FDP was also achieved. These modified diphosphates were used with terpene synthases to produce the unnatural sesquiterpenoid semiochemicals (S)‐14,15‐dimethylgermacrene D and (S)‐12‐methylgermacrene D as well as dihydroartemisinic aldehyde. This approach is applicable to the synthesis of many non‐natural terpenoids, offering a scalable route free from repeated chain extensions and capricious chemical phosphorylation reactions.
Deep‐Eutectic‐Solvent‐Based Self‐Healing Polymer Electrolyte for Safe and Long‐Life Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Jaumaux Pauline , Liu Qi , Zhou Dong , Xu Xiaofu , Wang Tianyi , Wang Yizhou , Kang Feiyu , Li Baohua , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe deployment of high‐energy‐density lithium‐metal batteries has been greatly impeded by Li dendrite growth and safety concerns originating from flammable liquid electrolytes. Herein, we report a stable quasi‐solid‐state Li metal battery with a deep eutectic solvent (DES)‐based self‐healing polymer (DSP) electrolyte. This electrolyte was fabricated in a facile manner by in situ copolymerization of 2‐(3‐(6‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2‐yl)ureido)ethyl methacrylate (UPyMA) and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETEA) monomers in a DES‐based electrolyte containing fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) as an additive. The well‐designed DSP electrolyte simultaneously possesses non‐flammability, high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability, and dendrite‐free Li plating. When applied in Li metal batteries with a LiMn2O4 cathode, the DSP electrolyte effectively suppressed manganese dissolution from the cathode and enabled high‐capacity and a long lifespan at room and elevated temperatures.
Bottom‐Up Synthesized MoS2 Interfacing Polymer Carbon Nanodots with Electrocatalytic Activity for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Kagkoura Antonia , Canton‐Vitoria Ruben , Vallan Lorenzo , Hernandez‐Ferrer Javier , Benito Ana M. , Maser Wolfgang K. , Arenal Raul , Tagmatarchis Nikos 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe preparation of an MoS2–polymer carbon nanodot (MoS2‐PCND) hybrid material was accomplished by employing an easy and fast bottom‐up synthetic approach. Specifically, MoS2‐PCND was realized by the thermal decomposition of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate and the in situ complexation of Mo with carboxylic acid units present on the surface of PCNDs. The newly prepared hybrid material was comprehensively characterized by spectroscopy, thermal means, and electron microscopy. The electrocatalytic activity of MoS2‐PCND was examined in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and compared with that of the corresponding hybrid material prepared by a top‐down approach, namely MoS2‐PCND(exf‐fun), in which MoS2 was firstly exfoliated and then covalently functionalized with PCNDs. The MoS2‐PCND hybrid material showed superior electrocatalytic activity toward the HER with low Tafel slope, excellent electrocatalytic stability, and an onset potential of −0.16 V versus RHE. The superior catalytic performance of MoS2‐PCND was rationalized by considering the catalytically active sites of MoS2, the effective charge/energy‐transfer phenomena from PCNDs to MoS2, and the synergetic effect between MoS2 and PCNDs in the hybrid material.
Tunicate bulb size variation in monocots explained by temperature and phenology
Authors: Howard Cody Coyotee , Cellinese Nico 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlant bulbs are modified shoot systems comprised of short internodes with apical bud(s) surrounded by layers of leaf bases. Bulb diameters can vary greatly, with overall bulb size playing a role in flower formation and resource allocation. Despite the importance of bulb size to the overall fitness of an individual, evolutionary and ecological aspects of this trait have been almost completely neglected. Examining over 2,500 herbarium vouchers for 115 selected species, we analyzed monocot tunicate bulb size within a phylogenetic context in order to investigate its evolutionary significance. We recorded two bulb diameter optima and observed that as bulb size increases taxa inhabit warmer areas with less temperature seasonality. Furthermore, we found that hysteranthous taxa, a habit where leaves emerge separately from flowers, exhibit overall larger bulbs potentially due to reliance upon belowground stored resources to flower rather than on current environmental inputs. This work highlights the importance of including the belowground portion of plants into ecological and evolutionary studies in order to gain a more complete understanding of the evolution of plant forms and functions.
Palatal augmentation prostheses in individuals treated for head and neck cancer: Effects on speech and oral transport
Authors: Löfhede Helena , Wertsén Madeleine , Havstam Christina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundNegative side effects affecting articulation and oral transport are common after treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC). The aim of this study was to assess the effects on speech and patient‐reported experience of palatal augmentation prostheses (PAP) in this patient group.MethodsTwenty consecutive patients who had received a PAP were included. We performed a blinded randomized listener assessment of recordings of the patients' speech with and without the PAP. Patient‐reported experiences were collected from medical records.ResultsThe listener assessment showed that production of velar sounds improved significantly for 12 of 19 patients; 12 of 19 patients also reported easier or better speech with the PAP. All six patients treated for tongue cancer reported speech improvement. Seven of 20 patients reported better transport of food or saliva.ConclusionA PAP can help patients treated for HNC to more precisely articulated velar consonants and can benefit oral transport.
Development and clinical application of a rapid IgM‐IgG combined antibody test for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection diagnosis
Authors: Li Zhengtu , Yi Yongxiang , Luo Xiaomei , Xiong Nian , Liu Yang , Li Shaoqiang , Sun Ruilin , Wang Yanqun , Hu Bicheng , Chen Wei , Zhang Yongchen , Wang Jing , Huang Baofu , Lin Ye , Yang Jiasheng , Cai Wensheng , Wang Xuefeng , Cheng Jing , Chen Zhiqiang , Sun Kangjun , Pan Weimin , Zhan Zhifei , Chen Liyan , Ye Feng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) quickly spread all over China and to more than 20 other countries. Although the virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS‐Cov‐2]) nucleic acid real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test has become the standard method for diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, these real‐time PCR test kits have many limitations. In addition, high false‐negative rates were reported. There is an urgent need for an accurate and rapid test method to quickly identify a large number of infected patients and asymptomatic carriers to prevent virus transmission and assure timely treatment of patients. We have developed a rapid and simple point‐of‐care lateral flow immunoassay that can detect immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies simultaneously against SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in human blood within 15 minutes which can detect patients at different infection stages. With this test kit, we carried out clinical studies to validate its clinical efficacy uses. The clinical detection sensitivity and specificity of this test were measured using blood samples collected from 397 PCR confirmed COVID‐19 patients and 128 negative patients at eight different clinical sites. The overall testing sensitivity was 88.66% and specificity was 90.63%. In addition, we evaluated clinical diagnosis results obtained from different types of venous and fingerstick blood samples. The results indicated great detection consistency among samples from fingerstick blood, serum and plasma of venous blood. The IgM‐IgG combined assay has better utility and sensitivity compared with a single IgM or IgG test. It can be used for the rapid screening of SARS‐CoV‐2 carriers, symptomatic or asymptomatic, in hospitals, clinics, and test laboratories.
The neuroinvasive potential of SARS‐CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Li Yan‐Chao , Bai Wan‐Zhu , Hashikawa Tsutomu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFollowing the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV), another highly pathogenic coronavirus named SARS‐CoV‐2 (previously known as 2019‐nCoV) emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spreads around the world. This virus shares highly homological sequence with SARS‐CoV, and causes acute, highly lethal pneumonia coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) with clinical symptoms similar to those reported for SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV. The most characteristic symptom of patients with COVID‐19 is respiratory distress, and most of the patients admitted to the intensive care could not breathe spontaneously. Additionally, some patients with COVID‐19 also showed neurologic signs, such as headache, nausea, and vomiting. Increasing evidence shows that coronaviruses are not always confined to the respiratory tract and that they may also invade the central nervous system inducing neurological diseases. The infection of SARS‐CoV has been reported in the brains from both patients and experimental animals, where the brainstem was heavily infected. Furthermore, some coronaviruses have been demonstrated able to spread via a synapse‐connected route to the medullary cardiorespiratory center from the mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in the lung and lower respiratory airways. Considering the high similarity between SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV2, it remains to make clear whether the potential invasion of SARS‐CoV2 is partially responsible for the acute respiratory failure of patients with COVID‐19. Awareness of this may have a guiding significance for the prevention and treatment of the SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced respiratory failure.
Network Analysis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in a National Sample of U.S. Adults: Implications for the Phenotype and the ICD‐11 Model of PTSD
Authors: Cero Ian , Kilpatrick Dean G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe phenotype for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Diseases (DSM‐5) includes 20 symptoms in four clusters. In contrast, the PTSD model in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11) includes six symptoms in three clusters. Whether those six symptoms are, in fact, the most central symptoms of the PTSD phenotype remains an open question. In a previous network analysis of DSM‐5 PTSD symptoms, Mitchell and colleagues (2017) reported limited overlap between central PTSD symptoms and those in the ICD‐11 model in a national sample of U.S. veterans. The present study sought to replicate and extend upon these findings in a large national sample of U.S. adults (N = 2,953). Centrality statistics from both a replication sample (i.e., participants with DSM‐5 PTSD, n = 173) and an extension sample (i.e., participants who had been exposed to potentially traumatic events, n = 2,468) were moderately strongly convergent with the findings reported by Mitchell et al., rs = .54–.73. Additionally, only three of the six most central symptoms in both the replication and extension samples overlapped with the ICD‐11 model, indicating that the ICD‐11 model (a) failed to include network‐central symptoms of the PTSD phenotype and (b) included extra symptoms that were not network‐central. Several symptoms from the DSM‐5 Criterion D cluster (negative alterations in cognition and mood) that were excluded in ICD‐11 were found to be among the most central PTSD symptoms.
Invertebrate coprolites and cololites revised
Authors: Knaust Dirk 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFossilized faeces (bromalites) are common in the geological record and have been recognized for centuries, first for their peculiarity and later for sedimentological and palaeontological analysis. Coprolites (the ejected faecal material) and cololites (faecal material preserved in the gut) may be morphologically and compositionally similar and are dealt with in parataxonomic classification as trace fossils. While much effort has been put into the study of coprolites produced by vertebrates, invertebrate coprolites remain poorly understood and information about them is scattered. The last systematic overview of all invertebrate coprolite ichnotaxa known was compiled inTreatise on Invertebrate Paleontologyin 1975, but since then the number of ichnogenera has more than doubled and many taxonomic changes have been made. This revision provides an updated classification of invertebrate coprolites and cololites according to the taxonomic ranks of ichnofamilies (4), ichnogenera (36) and ichnospecies (141). The following new ichnotaxa and combinations are established: Bactrylliidae ifam. nov.;Tubulaspiraigen. nov.;Cilindrotomaculum houi(Chen & Erdtmann) comb. nov.;Coprulus paramolus(Bischoff) comb. nov.;Coptocampylodon gramanni(Gaillard) comb. nov.;Coptocampylodon hemistriatus(Gaillard) comb. nov.;Coptocampylodon porcaeformis(Bischoff) comb. nov.;Coptocampylodon partitus(Bischoff) comb. nov.;Isvilina cryptillus(Bischoff) comb. nov.; andTubulaspira iecta(Schallreuter) comb. nov.
Preparation and characterization of zerovalent iron nanoparticles
Authors: Huyen Nguyen Thi Thanh , Nhung Nguyen Hong , Thanh Le , Khanh Pham Duy , Lam Tran Dai , Son Hoang Anh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractZerovalentiron nanoparticles (nZVI) were prepared by the reactive method of iron Fe2O3 with the reducing agent of hydrogen generated from electrolysis of water. Investigation on the formation conditions of the Fe0 nanocrystals showed that by carrying out the reaction with the reduction time of 90 minutes at 400°C, a hydrogen flow rate of 350 ml/min, Fe0 nanoparticles were obtained with diameter concentrated on 36.19 nm. Characteristic properties of the material (morphology, structure, particle size distribution) were investigated by X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering methods.