bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding team dynamics to promote team building in a radiotherapy department
Authors: Dawdy Krista , McGuffin Merrylee , Fegan Colette 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground:Teamwork is a central framework in healthcare delivery. Team dynamics can impact the team as a whole and has been identified within the literature as a contributory factor to quality and safety, patient satisfaction, staff satisfaction and overall performance. Within radiation therapy (RT), teamwork is essential in the delivery of high-quality care, yet team building and team development is under-reported.Aim:The focus of this research is to form a better understanding of what plays an impact on teams in a large urban RT cancer centre and how to better engage staff to work together, improve team dynamics and promote team building.Materials and Methods:An electronic search of the literature was conducted to better inform debate and aid in the development of team-building sessions in a busy radiotherapy department. Abstracts were screened and relevant articles selected if they met the search criteria that included relevancy related to team building, contributory factors on team dynamics, team-based learning, team performance and implication of civility.Results:A total of 45 articles were included in the final analysis. The majority were from the disciplines of medicine (45%), business (22%) and nursing (18%). Only 3 of the 45 articles (7%) focused on the profession of RT. Most articles discussed more than 1 theme with team dynamics and team building being the most common themes discussed in 16 articles each (36%). Other common themes included teamwork (31%), respect and civility (20%), leadership and hierarchy (11%), medical errors (11%) and team training (11%). Only 3 of the 45 articles (7%) focused on RT.Conclusion:There is a lack of longitudinal evidence to support the impact of team building sessions to improve team dynamics and promote a positive, cohesive team environment. Specifically within RT, the impact team building has on team dynamics has been under investigation.Highlights:High-quality patient care can be linked to team collaboration and cohesiveness. Changing the culture within a team and engaging in civility and respect in everyday practice has the potential to improve team dynamics, patient safety, staff and patient satisfaction.
Applying Ion Energy Spectrograms to Search for Plumes at Europa
Authors: Arnold Hannes , Simon Sven , Liuzzo Lucas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe constrain the diagnostic potential of ion energy spectrograms to identify signatures of water vapor plumes in the thermal plasma environment of Jupiter's moon Europa. For this purpose, we apply a hybrid model of Europa's Alfvénic plasma interaction to calculate the perturbations of the flow and the electromagnetic fields near the moon for various plume locations on its surface, combined with different sets of magnetospheric upstream conditions (corresponding to different distances between Europa and the center of Jupiter's plasma sheet). The model output is used to generate synthetic time series for the count rates of the observable thermal ion population as a function of energy along several hypothetical spacecraft trajectories as well as for the Galileo E26 flyby. We demonstrate that the observability of characteristic plume signatures depends strongly on the viewing direction of the detector. Most surprisingly, for certain plume locations, a particle detector facing away from Europa captures more clearly discernible signatures of a plume passage than a detector looking into the direction of the moon. This puzzling result is caused by the deflection of magnetospheric and plume ions near Europa's Alfvén wings as well as a “contamination” of the spectrograms by cold plasma from the moon's global exosphere. The signature of the plume crossed during E26 is most clearly visible for a detector orientation that simultaneously captures the cold plume ions and a portion of the incident magnetospheric ion population. The results of this study will facilitate the planning of synergistic measurements during upcoming missions to Europa.
Dispersive Fast Magnetosonic Waves and Shock‐Driven Compressible Turbulence in the Inner Heliosheath
Authors: Zieger Bertalan , Opher Merav , Tóth Gábor , Florinski Vladimir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe solar wind in the inner heliosheath beyond the termination shock (TS) is a nonequilibrium collisionless plasma consisting of thermal solar wind ions, suprathermal pickup ions, and electrons. In such multi‐ion plasma, two fast magnetosonic wave modes exist, the low‐frequency fast mode and the high‐frequency fast mode. Both fast modes are dispersive on fluid and ion scales, which results in nonlinear dispersive shock waves. We present high‐resolution three‐fluid simulations of the TS and the inner heliosheath up to a few astronomical units (AU) downstream of the TS. We show that downstream propagating nonlinear fast magnetosonic waves grow until they steepen into shocklets, overturn, and start to propagate backward in the frame of the downstream propagating wave. The counterpropagating nonlinear waves result in 2‐D fast magnetosonic turbulence, which is driven by the ion‐ion hybrid resonance instability. Energy is transferred from small scales to large scales in the inverse cascade range, and enstrophy is transferred from large scales to small scales in the direct cascade range. We validate our three‐fluid simulations with in situ high‐resolution Voyager 2 magnetic field observations in the inner heliosheath. Our simulations reproduce the observed magnetic turbulence spectrum with a spectral slope of −5/3 in frequency domain. However, the fluid‐scale turbulence spectrum is not a Kolmogorov spectrum in wave number domain because Taylor's hypothesis breaks down in the inner heliosheath. The magnetic structure functions of the simulated and observed turbulence follow the Kolmogorov‐Kraichnan scaling, which implies self‐similarity.
The Seismic Moment and Seismic Efficiency of Small Impacts on Mars
Authors: Wójcicka N. , Collins G. S. , Bastow I. D. , Teanby N. A. , Miljković K. , Rajšić A. , Daubar I. , Lognonné P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince landing in late 2018, the InSight lander has been recording seismic signals on the surface of Mars. Despite nominal prelanding estimates of one to three meteorite impacts detected per Earth year, none have yet been identified seismically. To inform revised detectability estimates, we simulated numerically a suite of small impacts onto Martian regolith and characterized their seismic source properties. For the impactor size and velocity range most relevant for InSight, crater diameters are 1–30 m. We found that in this range scalar seismic moment is 106–1010 Nm and increases almost linearly with impact momentum. The ratio of horizontal to vertical seismic moment tensor components is ∼1, implying an almost isotropic P wave source, for vertical impacts. Seismic efficiencies are ∼10−6, dependent on the target crushing strength and impact velocity. Our predictions of relatively low seismic efficiency and seismic moment suggest that meteorite impact detectability on Mars is lower than previously assumed. Detection chances are best for impacts forming craters of diameter >10 m.
Dynamic Compressive Strength and Fragmentation in Felsic Crystalline Rocks
Authors: Rae Auriol S. P. , Kenkmann Thomas , Padmanabha Vivek , Poelchau Michael H. , Schäfer Frank 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBrittle deformation in rocks depends upon loading rate; with increasing rates, typically greater than ~102 s−1, rocks become significantly stronger and undergo increasingly severe fragmentation. Dynamic conditions required for rate‐dependent brittle failure may be reached during impact events, seismogenic rupture, and landslides. Material characteristics and fragment characterization of specific geomaterials from dynamic loading are only approximately known. Here we determine the characteristic strain rate for dynamic behavior in felsic crystalline rocks, including anisotropy, and describe the resulting fragments. Regardless of the type of felsic crystalline rock or anisotropy, the characteristic strain rate is the same within uncertainties for all tested materials, with an average value of 229 ± 81 s−1. Despite the lack of variation of the critical strain rate with lithology, we find that the degree of fragmentation as a function of strain rate varies depending on material. Scaled or not, the fragmentation results are inconsistent with current theoretical models of fragmentation. Additionally, we demonstrate that conditions during impact cratering, where the impactor diameter is less than ~100 m, are analogous to the experiments carried out here and therefore that dynamic strengthening and compressive fragmentation should be considered as important processes during impact cratering.
Compound‐Specific Radiocarbon Analysis of (Sub‐)Antarctic Coastal Marine Sediments—Potential and Challenges for Chronologies
Authors: Berg S. , Jivcov S. , Kusch S. , Kuhn G. , Wacker L. , Rethemeyer J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn Antarctic and Subantarctic environments, 14C‐based age determination is often challenging due to unknown reservoir effects, low organic carbon contents of sediments, and high contributions of petrogenic (14C‐free) carbon in ice marginal settings. In this study, we evaluate possible benefits and challenges of compound‐specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) as a tool for age determination of marine Antarctic and Subantarctic sediment sequences. We present a comprehensive data set of 14C ages obtained on bulk organic carbon, carbonates, and on fatty acids (FA) from three coastal marine sediment cores from Subantarctic South Georgia and East Antarctica. Low molecular weight (LMW) FA represent the least 14C‐depleted fraction, indicating that the phytoplankton‐derived compounds can be a means of dating sediments. In contrast, vascular plant‐derived high molecular weight FA are systematically depleted in 14C relative to the low molecular weight homologues, reflecting processes such as soil formation/erosion in the catchment. Comparative age‐depth models show significant differences, depending on the material used for the respective models. While the land plant‐derived FA may lead to an overestimation of the actual sediment age, LMW FA reveal complex aquatic reservoir effects. Bulk sedimentary organic carbon 14C ages likely provide appropriate age estimates in settings with low petrogenic carbon input in the Antarctic, whereas CSRA has the potential to produce improved age control in settings with high contributions of petrogenic carbon.
The Role of Low Dose Whole Body CT in the Detection of Progression of Patients with Smoldering Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Gavriatopoulou Maria , Βoultadaki Andriani , Koutoulidis Vassilis , Ntanasis-Stathopoulos Ioannis , Bourgioti Charis , Malandrakis Panagiotis , Fotiou Despina , Migkou Magdalini , Kanellias Nikolaos , Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou Evangelos , Kastritis Efstathios , Terpos Evangelos , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Moulopoulos Lia-Angela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, characterized by plasma cell bone marrow infiltration and end-organ involvement. Smoldering MM (SMM) is an intermediate clinical entity between MGUS and MM, with a risk of progression to symptomatic disease 10% per year. Bone disease is the most frequent symptom of MM, with ~90% of patients developing bone lesions throughout their disease course. Therefore, imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis and management. Whole-body low-dose CT (WBLDCT) is widely available and has been incorporated in the latest diagnostic criteria of the IMWG. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of WBLDCT in the early identification of lesions in patients with SMM who progress solely with bone disease. In total, 100 asymptomatic patients were consecutively assessed with WBLDCT from July 2013 until March 2020 at baseline, 1-year after diagnosis and every 1 year thereafter. Ten percent of patients were identified as progressors with this single imaging modality. This is the first study to evaluate prospectively patients with SMM at different time points to identify early bone lesions related to MM evolution. Serial WBLDCT studies can identify early myeloma evolution and optimize disease monitoring and therapeutic strategies.
The therapeutic effect of the BRD4-degrading PROTAC A1874 in human colon cancer cells
Authors: Qin An-cheng , Jin Hua , Song Yu , Gao Yun , Chen Yi-Fan , Zhou Li-na , Wang Shu-sheng , Lu Xing-sheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA1874 is a novel BRD4-degrading proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC). In primary colon cancer cells and established HCT116 cells, A1874 potently inhibited cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle progression, as well as cell migration and invasion. The BRD4-degrading PROTAC was able to induce caspase and apoptosis activation in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, A1874-induced degradation of BRD4 protein and downregulated BRD-dependent genes (c-Myc, Bcl-2, and cyclin D1) in colon cancer cells. Significantly, A1874-induced anti-colon cancer cell activity was more potent than the known BRD4 inhibitors (JQ1, CPI203, and I-BET151). In BRD4-knockout colon cancer cells A1874 remained cytotoxic, indicating the existence of BRD4-independent mechanisms. In addition to BRD4 degradation, A1874 cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells was also associated with p53 protein stabilization and reactive oxygen species production. Importantly, the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine and the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α attenuated A1874-induced cell death and apoptosis in colon cancer cells. In vivo, A1874 oral administration potently inhibited colon cancer xenograft growth in severe combined immuno-deficient mice. BRD4 degradation and p53 protein elevation, as well as apoptosis induction and oxidative stress were detected in A1874-treated colon cancer tissues. Together, A1874 inhibits colon cancer cell growth through both BRD4-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
Engineering and application of a biosensor with focused ligand specificity
Authors: Della Corte Dennis , van Beek Hugo L. , Syberg Falk , Schallmey Marcus , Tobola Felix , Cormann Kai U. , Schlicker Christine , Baumann Philipp T. , Krumbach Karin , Sokolowsky Sascha , Morris Connor J. , Grünberger Alexander , Hofmann Eckhard , Schröder Gunnar F. , Marienhagen Jan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCell factories converting bio-based precursors to chemicals present an attractive avenue to a sustainable economy, yet screening of genetically diverse strain libraries to identify the best-performing whole-cell biocatalysts is a low-throughput endeavor. For this reason, transcriptional biosensors attract attention as they allow the screening of vast libraries when used in combination with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). However, broad ligand specificity of transcriptional regulators (TRs) often prohibits the development of such ultra-high-throughput screens. Here, we solve the structure of the TR LysG ofCorynebacterium glutamicum, which detects all three basic amino acids. Based on this information, we follow a semi-rational engineering approach using a FACS-based screening/counterscreening strategy to generate anl-lysine insensitive LysG-based biosensor. This biosensor can be used to isolatel-histidine-producing strains by FACS, showing that TR engineering towards a more focused ligand spectrum can expand the scope of application of such metabolite sensors.
Thioglycoligase derived from fungal GH3 β-xylosidase is a multi-glycoligase with broad acceptor tolerance
Authors: Nieto-Domínguez Manuel , Fernández de Toro Beatriz , de Eugenio Laura I. , Santana Andrés G. , Bejarano-Muñoz Lara , Armstrong Zach , Méndez-Líter Juan Antonio , Asensio Juan Luis , Prieto Alicia , Withers Stephen G. , Cañada Francisco Javier , Martínez María Jesús 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of customized glycoconjugates constitutes a major goal for biocatalysis. To this end, engineered glycosidases have received great attention and, among them, thioglycoligases have proved useful to connect carbohydrates to non-sugar acceptors. However, hitherto the scope of these biocatalysts was considered limited to strong nucleophilic acceptors. Based on the particularities of the GH3 glycosidase family active site, we hypothesized that converting a suitable member into a thioglycoligase could boost the acceptor range. Herein we show the engineering of an acidophilic fungal β-xylosidase into a thioglycoligase with broad acceptor promiscuity. The mutant enzyme displays the ability to form O-, N-, S- and Se- glycosides together with sugar esters and phosphoesters with conversion yields from moderate to high. Analyses also indicate that the pKa of the target compound was the main factor to determine its suitability as glycosylation acceptor. These results expand on the glycoconjugate portfolio attainable through biocatalysis.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and p38-MAPK link metabolic reprogramming to cytoprotective gene expression during dietary restriction
Authors: Chamoli Manish , Goyala Anita , Tabrez Syed Shamsh , Siddiqui Atif Ahmed , Singh Anupama , Antebi Adam , Lithgow Gordon J. , Watts Jennifer L. , Mukhopadhyay Arnab 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe metabolic state of an organism instructs gene expression modalities, leading to changes in complex life history traits, such as longevity. Dietary restriction (DR), which positively affects health and life span across species, leads to metabolic reprogramming that enhances utilisation of fatty acids for energy generation. One direct consequence of this metabolic shift is the upregulation of cytoprotective (CyTP) genes categorized in the Gene Ontology (GO) term of “Xenobiotic Detoxification Program” (XDP). How an organism senses metabolic changes during nutritional stress to alter gene expression programs is less known. Here, using a genetic model of DR, we show that the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially linoleic acid (LA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are increased following DR and these PUFAs are able to activate the CyTP genes. This activation of CyTP genes is mediated by the conserved p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) pathway. Consequently, genes of the PUFA biosynthesis and p38-MAPK pathway are required for multiple paradigms of DR-mediated longevity, suggesting conservation of mechanism. Thus, our study shows that PUFAs and p38-MAPK pathway function downstream of DR to help communicate the metabolic state of an organism to regulate expression of CyTP genes, ensuring extended life span.
Rapid assessment of structural and compositional changes during early stages of zirconium alloy oxidation
Authors: Kautz Elizabeth J. , Gwalani Bharat , Lambeets Sten V. M. , Kovarik Libor , Schreiber Daniel K. , Perea Daniel E. , Senor David , Liu Yi-Sheng , Battu Anil K. , Tseng Kuo-Pin , Thevuthasan Suntharampillai , Devaraj Arun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA multimodal chemical imaging approach has been developed and applied to detail the dynamic, atomic-scale changes associated with oxidation of a zirconium alloy (Zircaloy-4). Scanning transmission electron microscopy, a gas-phase reactor chamber attached to an atom probe tomography instrument, and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy were employed to reveal morphology, composition, crystal, and electronic structure changes that occur during initial stages of oxidation at 300 °C. Oxidation was carried out in 10 mbar O2gas for short exposure times of 1 and 5 min. A multilayered oxide film with a cubic ZrO adjacent to the oxide/metal interface, a nanoscopic transition region with a graded composition of ZrO2−x(where 0 < x < 1), and tetragonal ZrO2in the outermost oxide were formed. Partitioning of the major alloying element (tin) to the oxide/metal interface and heterogeneously within the oxide accompanied the development of the layered oxide. Our work provides a rapid, high-throughput approach for detailed characterisation of initial stages of zirconium alloy oxidation at an accelerated time scale, with implications for several other alloy systems.
Giant shift upon strain on the fluorescence spectrum of VNNB color centers in h-BN
Authors: Li Song , Chou Jyh-Pin , Hu Alice , Plenio Martin B. , Udvarhelyi Péter , Thiering Gergő , Abdi Mehdi , Gali Adam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe study the effect of strain on the physical properties of the nitrogen antisite-vacancy pair in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), a color center that may be employed as a quantum bit in a two-dimensional material. With group theory and ab initio analysis we show that strong electron–phonon coupling plays a key role in the optical activation of this color center. We find a giant shift on the zero-phonon-line (ZPL) emission of the nitrogen antisite-vacancy pair defect upon applying strain that is typical of h-BN samples. Our results provide a plausible explanation for the experimental observation of quantum emitters with similar optical properties but widely scattered ZPL wavelengths and the experimentally observed dependence of the ZPL on the strain.
Tuning magnetic confinement of spin-triplet superconductivity
Authors: Lin Wen-Chen , Campbell Daniel J. , Ran Sheng , Liu I-Lin , Kim Hyunsoo , Nevidomskyy Andriy H. , Graf David , Butch Nicholas P. , Paglione Johnpierre 
Published: September 2020

AbstractElectrical magnetoresistance and tunnel diode oscillator measurements were performed under external magnetic fields up to 41 T applied along the crystallographic b axis (hard axis) of UTe2 as a function of temperature and applied pressures up to 18.8 kbar. In this work, we track the field-induced first-order transition between superconducting and magnetic field-polarized phases as a function of applied pressure, showing suppression of the transition with increasing pressure until the demise of superconductivity near 16 kbar and the appearance of a pressure-induced ferromagnetic-like ground state that is distinct from the field-polarized phase and stable at zero field. Together with evidence for the evolution of a second superconducting phase and its upper critical field with pressure, we examine the confinement of superconductivity by two orthogonal magnetic phases and the implications for understanding the boundaries of triplet superconductivity.
Using machine learning of computerized vocal expression to measure blunted vocal affect and alogia
Authors: Cohen Alex S. , Cox Christopher R. , Le Thanh P. , Cowan Tovah , Masucci Michael D. , Strauss Gregory P. , Kirkpatrick Brian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNegative symptoms are a transdiagnostic feature of serious mental illness (SMI) that can be potentially “digitally phenotyped” using objective vocal analysis. In prior studies, vocal measures show low convergence with clinical ratings, potentially because analysis has used small, constrained acoustic feature sets. We sought to evaluate (1) whether clinically rated blunted vocal affect (BvA)/alogia could be accurately modelled using machine learning (ML) with a large feature set from two separate tasks (i.e., a 20-s “picture” and a 60-s “free-recall” task), (2) whether “Predicted” BvA/alogia (computed from the ML model) are associated with demographics, diagnosis, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive/social functioning, and (3) which key vocal features are central to BvA/Alogia ratings. Accuracy was high (>90%) and was improved when computed separately by speaking task. ML scores were associated with poor cognitive performance and social functioning and were higher in patients with schizophrenia versus depression or mania diagnoses. However, the features identified as most predictive of BvA/Alogia were generally not considered critical to their operational definitions. Implications for validating and implementing digital phenotyping to reduce SMI burden are discussed.