bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical behavior of Q690 high‐strength steel beams at room and elevated temperatures
Authors: Luo Jinhui , Zong Shaohan , Zhu Shaojun , Guo Xiaonong , Yu Mengtong 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis paper investigates the mechanical behavior of Q690 high‐strength steel (HSS) beams at room and high temperatures by means of experimental and numerical analysis. First, simply supported and cantilever Q690 steel beams were tested under room and elevated temperatures. The test results indicated that the bearing capacity of the specimens in fire decreases sharply with the increase of temperature. Subsequently, finite element models were established and verified against the experimental results. Finally, a large amount of numerical analysis was carried out, and two formulae to estimate the bearing capacity of Q690 HSS beams under room and elevated temperatures were obtained. The results estimated by the formulae were compared with the test data and Eurocode 3, which proved that the proposed formulae are reliable enough for practical design.
Environmental change of coastal Sundarbans: Impact on livelihood and standard of living status of indigenous people
Authors: Rudra Ayan , Chattopadhyay Aparajita 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is overwhelming scientific consensus that environmental change is currently having ecological and socioeconomical impacts at the micro and macrolevel. Over the coming decades, the impact of development, climate change, and urbanization on the ecosystem is likely to become even more ruthless in the Sundarbans. Like many other ecologically sensitive areas, the Sundarbans of the Indian state of West Bengal and of Bangladesh are being stressed climatically to the extreme due to their geographical location. This study explores both the ways in which residents of communities in the West Bengal and Bangladesh Sundarbans perceive changes in the environment, as well as intergenerational changes in livelihoods to be driven in a large part by environmental changes. Persons from a total of 368 households were interviewed using a structured interview tool. As an example of differences in perception between residents of the two areas, survey respondents from communities of the Sundarbans of Bangladesh were more likely to perceive that rainfall amounts are changing than did the residents interviewed from the Sundarbans of West Bengal. From the sample data, it is shown that in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh, 59% of the respondents, as compared to 63% of the respondents in West Bengal, reported that they had chosen to enter their parents’ occupations. From the multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was observed that, especially in Bangladesh when compared to West Bengal, the state of the environment plays a vital role in whether respondents adopt occupations other than those of their parents.
Generalized Kohn‐Sham energy decomposition analysis and its applications
Authors: Su Peifeng , Tang Zhen , Wu Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEnergy decomposition analysis (EDA) methods bridge the gap between electronic structure calculations and conceptual interpretations of molecular interactions. The recently developed generalized Kohn‐Sham EDA (GKS‐EDA) can be used to examine various molecular interactions with restricted, restricted open‐shell or unrestricted Kohn‐Sham orbitals. It supports different density functional theory functionals, including LDA, GGA, hybrid, double hybrid, range‐separated, and dispersion‐corrected density functionals. GKS‐EDA can be also efficiently applied for intermolecular interactions in solutions and intramolecular interactions when used in combination with an implicit solvation model and appropriate fragmentation method. GKS‐EDA helps us not only to understand but also to predict the structures and properties of various interacting systems within a unified approach.This article is categorized under:Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure MethodsMolecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular InteractionsElectronic Structure Theory > Density Functional TheoryStructure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Structural load mitigation control for wind turbines: A new performance measure
Authors: Do M. Hung , Njiri Jackson G. , Söffker Dirk 
Published: January 2020

SummaryStructural loads of wind turbines are becoming critical because of the growing size of wind turbines in combination with the required dynamic output demands. Wind turbine tower and blades are therefore affected by structural loads. To mitigate the loads while maintaining other desired conditions such as the optimization of power generated or the regulation of rotor speed, advanced control schemes have been developed during the last decade. However, conflict and trade‐off between structural load reduction capacity of the controllers and other goals arise; when trying to reduce the structural loads, the power production or regulation performance may be also reduced. Suitable measures are needed when designing controllers to evaluate the control performance with respect to the conflicting control goals. Existing measures for structural loads only consider the loads without referring to the relationship between loads and other control performance aspects. In this contribution, the conflicts are clearly defined and expressed to evaluate the effectiveness of control methods by introducing novel measures. New measures considering structural loads, power production, and regulation to prove the control performance and to formulate criteria for controller design are proposed. The proposed measures allow graphical illustration and numerical criteria describing conflicting control goals and the relationship between goals. Two control approaches for wind turbines, PI and observer‐based state feedback, are defined and used to illustrate and to compare the newly introduced measures. The results are obtained by simulation using Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence (FAST) tool, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA.
Educational data mining and learning analytics: An updated survey
Authors: Romero Cristobal , Ventura Sebastian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis survey is an updated and improved version of the previous one published in 2013 in this journal with the title “data mining in education”. It reviews in a comprehensible and very general way how Educational Data Mining and Learning Analytics have been applied over educational data. In the last decade, this research area has evolved enormously and a wide range of related terms are now used in the bibliography such as Academic Analytics, Institutional Analytics, Teaching Analytics, Data‐Driven Education, Data‐Driven Decision‐Making in Education, Big Data in Education, and Educational Data Science. This paper provides the current state of the art by reviewing the main publications, the key milestones, the knowledge discovery cycle, the main educational environments, the specific tools, the free available datasets, the most used methods, the main objectives, and the future trends in this research area.This article is categorized under:Application Areas > Education and Learning
From two stages to one: acceleration of the induced membrane (Masquelet) technique using human acellular dermis for the treatment of non-infectious large bone defects
Authors: Verboket René Danilo , Leiblein Maximilian , Janko Maren , Schaible Alexander , Brune Jan Claas , Schröder Katrin , Heilani Myriam , Fremdling Charlotte , Busche Yannic , Irrle Tanja , Marzi Ingo , Nau Christoph , Henrich Dirk 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The induced membrane technique for the treatment of large bone defects is a two-step procedure. In the first operation, a foreign body membrane is induced around a spacer, then, in the second step, several weeks or months later, the spacer is removed and the Membrane pocket is filled with autologous bone material. Induction of a functional biological membrane might be avoided by initially using a biological membrane. In this study, the effect of a human acellular dermis (hADM, Epiflex, DIZG gGmbH) was evaluated for the treatment of a large (5 mm), plate-stabilised femoral bone defect.

Material and Methods
In an established rat model, hADM was compared to the two-stage induced membrane technique and a bone defect without membrane cover. Syngeneous spongiosa from donor animals was used for defect filling in all groups. The group size in each case was n = 5, the induction time of the membrane was 3–4 weeks and the healing time after filling of the defect was 8 weeks.

Results
The ultimate loads were increased to levels comparable with native bone in both membrane groups (hADM: 63.2% ± 29.6% of the reference bone, p < 0.05 vs. no membrane, induced membrane: 52.1% ± 25.8% of the reference bone, p < 0.05 vs. no membrane) and were significantly higher than the control group without membrane (21.5%). The membrane groups were radiologically and histologically almost completely bridged by new bone formation, in contrast to the control Group where no closed osseous bridging could be observed.

Conclusion
The use of the human acellular dermis leads to equivalent healing results in comparison to the two-stage induced membrane technique. This could lead to a shortened therapy duration of large bone defects.
Torsion plastometer trials to investigate the effect of non-proportional loading paths in caliber rolling on damage and performance of metal parts
Authors: Wang Shuhan , Dunlap Anthony , Möhring Kerstin , Lohmar Johannes , Schwedt Alexander , Aretz Anke , Walther Frank , Hirt Gerhard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe non-proportional loading path describes a strain-dependent development of stress triaxiality and Lode parameter during metal forming processes. Existing studies suggest a strong dependence of damage evolution on the non-proportional loading path. This work focuses on investigating the influence of non-proportional loading paths observed in hot caliber rolling of the case-hardening steel 16MnCrS5 using laboratory scale experiments. The applied torsion plastometer is highly flexible as it can apply combined loading types (tension, compression and torsion) on notched round specimen and enables deformation at elevated temperature. In this study, two characteristic non-proportional loading paths in caliber rolling and the maximal achievable non-proportional loading path variation were recreated in the torsion plastometer based on both FE simulations and experiments. After deformation, the specimen were further analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to quantify the damage. The results indicate an influence of the non-proportional loading path on damage evolution. Furthermore, fatigue tests were employed to characterize the fatigue performance of the deformed specimens. In the torsion plastometer trials carried out no clear correlation of performance and damage was observed. This is most likely due to differences in residual dislocation density after static recrystallization and deviations in the microstructure after hot working. Thus, the superposition of microstructure evolution and damage needs to be considered carefully when testing at elevated temperature.
Floral temperature patterns can function as floral guides
Authors: Harrap Michael J. M. , Hempel de Ibarra Natalie , Whitney Heather M. , Rands Sean A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFloral guides are signal patterns that lead pollinators to floral rewards after they have located the flower, and increase foraging efficiency and pollen transfer. Patterns of several floral signalling modalities, particularly colour patterns, have been identified as being able to function as floral guides. Floral temperature frequently shows patterns that can be used by bumblebees for locating and recognising the flower, but whether these temperature patterns can function as a floral guide has not been explored. Furthermore, how combined patterns (using multiple signalling modalities) affect floral guide function has only been investigated in a few modality combinations. We assessed how artificial flowers induce behaviours in bumblebees when rewards are indicated by unimodal temperature patterns, unimodal colour patterns or multimodal combinations of these. Bees visiting flowers with unimodal temperature patterns showed an increased probability of finding rewards and increased learning of reward location, compared to bees visiting flowers without patterns. However, flowers with contrasting unimodal colour patterns showed further guide-related behavioural changes in addition to these, such as reduced reward search times and attraction to the rewarding feeder without learning. This shows that temperature patterns alone can function as a floral guide, but with reduced efficiency. When temperature patterns were added to colour patterns, bees showed similar improvements in learning reward location and reducing their number of failed visits in addition to the responses seen to colour patterns. This demonstrates that temperature pattern guides can have beneficial effects on flower handling both when alone or alongside colour patterns.
Migrants and Crime in Sweden in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Adamson Göran 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn 2005, the Swedish Crime Prevention Agency published a report about the link between immigration and crime. Since then, no comprehensive study has been conducted even though Sweden has experienced a large influx of migrants in combination with a rising crime rate. This study conducted by Göran Adamson and Tino Sanandaji is the first purely descriptive scientific investigation on the matter in fifteen years. The investigation (from 2002 to 2017) covers seven distinct categories of crime, and distinguishes between seven regions of origin. Based on 33 per cent of the population (2017), 58 per cent of those suspect for total crime on reasonable grounds are migrants. Regarding murder, manslaughter and attempted murder, the figures are 73 per cent, while the proportion of robbery is 70 per cent. Non-registered migrants are linked to about 13 per cent of total crime. Given the fact that this group is small, crime propensity among non-registered migrants is significant.
LaNiO3 as a Novel Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Chang , Wu Cong , Zhang Zhiwei , Shen Yanran , Liu Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been developed for over 30 years; however, existing electrode materials cannot satisfy the increasing requirements of high-energy density, stable cycling, and low cost. Here, we present a perovskite-type LaNiO3 oxide (LNO) as a new negative electrode material. LNO was successfully synthesized by a sol–gel method. The microstructure and electrochemical performance of LNO calcined at various temperatures have been systematically investigated. The LNO electrode shows a high rate capability and long cycling stability. In a C-rate test, a specific capacity of 77 mAh/g was exhibited at 6 C. LNO can also deliver a specific capacity of 92 mAh/g after 200 cycles at 1 C. This paper presents a type of binary metal oxide as a new anode material for high-performance LIBs.
Sentiment and position-taking analysis of parliamentary debates: a systematic literature review
Authors: Abercrombie Gavin , Batista-Navarro Riza 
Published: January 2020

AbstractParliamentary and legislative debate transcripts provide access to information concerning the opinions, positions, and policy preferences of elected politicians. They attract attention from researchers from a wide variety of backgrounds, from political and social sciences to computer science. As a result, the problem of computational sentiment and position-taking analysis has been tackled from different perspectives, using varying approaches and methods, and with relatively little collaboration or cross-pollination of ideas. The existing research is scattered across publications from various fields and venues. In this article, we present the results of a systematic literature review of 61 studies, all of which address the automatic analysis of the sentiment and opinions expressed, and the positions taken by speakers in parliamentary (and other legislative) debates. In this review, we discuss the existing research with regard to the aims and objectives of the researchers who work in this area, the automatic analysis tasks which they undertake, and the approaches and methods which they use. We conclude by summarizing their findings, discussing the challenges of applying computational analysis to parliamentary debates, and suggesting possible avenues for further research.
Circuits of Compassion: The Affective Labor of Uganda’s Christian Orphan Choirs
Authors: Boyd Lydia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract:Uganda’s touring orphan choirs engage in a form of charity that is dependent on the mobility not only of money, but also of people and sentiments. Boyd considers the moral economies that underlie this ongoing project of compassionate “circulation.” If a key finding of the work on humanitarian affect has been how such “affective surpluses” mask inequalities between donors and recipients, this article considers how participants in charitable relationships conceive of dependency and indebtedness differently. These differences compel us to understand how moral and religious sentiments give shape to the inequalities inherent in dominant forms of global humanitarian “care.”
Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Vitturi Bruno Kusznir , Suriano Enrico Stefano , Pereira de Sousa Ana Beatriz , Torigoe Dawton Yukito 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT:Background:Little is known about the potential systemic effects of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) on the nervous system. We designed a study aiming to assess the frequency and clinical predictors of cognitive impairment in AS patients.Methods:We carried out a cross-sectional case–control study composed of consecutive patients with AS. Trained and blinded interviewers registered clinical-epidemiological data and applied a standardized neurological assessment for each subject of the study. At baseline, functional limitations were characterized using the Health Assessment Questionnaire. Cognitive impairment was evaluated with the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and the Clinical Dementia Rating, while neuropsychiatric symptoms were investigated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Healthy controls were matched for age, educational attainment, sex, and comorbidities. We compared the neurological outcomes between case and controls, and we determined the clinical predictors of cognitive decline.Results:We included 40 patients (mean: 49.3 years) with AS and 40 healthy controls (mean: 48.8 years) in our study. In Brief Cognitive Screening Battery, patients with AS presented a statistically significant poor performance in the clock drawing test and in the verbal fluency. The mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores were significantly lower in AS subjects compared to the control group. Also, the prevalence of subjects classified as cognitively impaired according to MoCA was significantly higher in the AS group (90.0% vs. 57.5%, p = 0.02). Moreover, neuropsychiatric symptoms were more prevalent in AS patients. Worse functional limitations were associated with poor cognitive performance as well.Conclusions:Patients with AS might be more vulnerable to cognitive decline.
Hand hygiene promotion delivered by change agents—Two attitudes, similar outcome
Authors: Lee Yew Fong , McLaws Mary-Louise , Ong Loke Meng , Amir Husin Suraya , Chua Hock Hin , Wong See Yin , Pittet Didier , Zingg Walter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective:To assess the effect of peer-identified change agents (PICAs) compared to management-selected change agents (MSCAs) on hand hygiene behavior in acute care.Design:Randomized-controlled study.Setting:Two internal medicine wards of a public, university-affiliated, tertiary-care hospital in Malaysia.Methods:We randomly allocated 2 wards to hand hygiene promotion delivered either by PICAs (study arm 1) or by MSCAs (study arm 2). The primary outcome was hand hygiene compliance using direct observation by validated auditors. Secondary outcomes were hand hygiene knowledge and observations from ward tours.Results:Mean hand hygiene compliance in study arm 1 and study arm 2 improved from 48% (95% confidence interval [CI], 44%–53%) and 50% (95% CI, 44%–55%) in the preintervention period to 66% (63%–69%) and 65% (60%–69%) in the intervention period, respectively. We detected no statistically significant difference in hand hygiene improvement between the 2 study arms. Knowledge scores on hand hygiene in study arm 1 and study arm 2 improved from 60% and 63% to 98% and 93%, respectively. Staff in study arm 1 improved hand hygiene because they did not want to disappoint the efforts taken by the PICAs. Staff in study arm 2 felt pressured by the MSCAs to comply with hand hygiene to obtain good overall performance appraisals.Conclusion:Although the attitude of PICAs and MSCAs in terms of leadership, mode of action and perception of their task by staff were very different, or even opposed, both PICAs and MSCAs effectively changed behavior of staff toward improved hand hygiene to comparable levels.
Preparedness for Candida auris in Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP) hospitals, 2018
Authors: Garcia-Jeldes Felipe , Mitchell Robyn , Bharat Amrita , McGeer Allison ,   for the CNISP  Interest Group
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe surveyed Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program hospitals to evaluate infection prevention and microbiology laboratory preparedness for Candida auris. We identified significant gaps: most hospitals were not prepared to screen patients for colonization, and only one-half of laboratories reported identifying all clinically significant Candida isolates to the species level.
Is publicly funded criminal defence sustainable? Legal aid cuts, morale, retention and recruitment in the English criminal law professions
Authors: Thornton James 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper examines how continued reductions in fee levels for criminal legal aid work affect recruitment and retention in the English publicly funded criminal defence profession. Data from 29 qualitative interviews with English defence solicitors and barristers are analysed to explore the impact of these reductions on recruitment of new lawyers and retention of current lawyers. On the basis of these findings, also building on research conducted by lawyer professional associations, I argue that a combination of cuts to legal aid, the resulting working patterns and low morale has led to a position where the criminal defence profession, as we know it, is unsustainable.
Many synchronized vector solutions for a Bose–Einstein system
Authors: Long Wei , Tang Zhongwei , Yang Sudan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the following nonlinear Schrödinger system in${\mathbb R}^3$$$\left\{ {\beging{matrix}{ {-\Delta u + (1 + \alpha P(x))u = \mu u^3 + \beta uv^2,} \hfill & {x\in {\open R}^3,} \hfill \cr {-\Delta v + (1 + \alpha Q(x))u = \nu v^3 + \beta u^2v,} \hfill & {x\in {\open R}^3,} \hfill \cr {u,v > 0,} \hfill & {x\in {\open R}^3,} \hfill \cr } } \right.$$where$\beta \in {\mathbb R}$is a coupling constant,$\mu ,\nu $are positive constants,P,Qare weight functions decaying exponentially to zero at infinity,αcan be regarded as a parameter. This type of system arises, in particular, in models in Bose–Einstein condensates theory and Kerr-like photo refractive media.We prove that, for any positive integerk> 1, there exists a suitable range ofαsuch that the above problem has a non-radial positive solution with exactlykmaximum points which tend to infinity as$\alpha \to +\infty $(or$0^+$). Moreover, we also construct prescribed number of sign-changing solutions.