bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of intra-operative frozen section study in revision of infected hip arthroplasty
Authors: Doshi Karan , Daultani Deepesh , Kumar M. Ajith , Shetty Shantharam , Pai Shailesh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction
Frozen sections are extensively used to help in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection during revision hip arthroplasty, though there are insufficient data in relation to its usefulness.

Methods
Twenty-one patients with infected hip arthroplasties were operated in the form of one or two-staged revision hip arthroplasties. A frozen section was obtained intra-operatively and > 5 PMN’s/ HPF was considered as a positive indicator of infection. If the frozen section was reported negative (≤5 PMN’s/HPF), the revision prosthesis was implanted after a thorough debridement and a wash. If the frozen section was reported as positive, post the debridement; a non-articulating antibiotic-loaded cement spacer was implanted for 8 weeks, supplemented with 3 weeks of intravenous antibiotics and 3 weeks of oral antibiotics. This was followed by an antibiotic-free interval of 2 weeks. The patient was taken up for a revision surgery once the frozen section study was negative (≤5 PMN’s/HPF). The patients were followed up for a minimum of 1 year to a maximum of 2 years after the revision for any evidence of infection (assessed clinically, serologically, and radiologically).

Results
Frozen section analysis of PMNs per high power field had a 100% specificity in our patients in detecting periprosthetic joint infection.

Conclusion
Frozen section study is a safe, rapid, cheap and reliable intra-operative modality to diagnose periprosthetic joint infection.
Effect of Medical Scribes on Outpatient Oncology Visits at a Multidisciplinary Cancer Center
Authors: Gao Rebecca W. , Dugala Anisia , Maxwell Janelle , Falconer Patricia , Birkeland Andrew C. , Divi Vasu , Rosenthal Eben L. 
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE: The use of medical scribes has emerged as a strategy to increase clinic workflow efficiency and reduce physician burnout. While oncology clinics may be ideally suited to scribe integration because of the high burden of documentation, oncology-specific scribe research has been limited. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of scribe integration on clinic workflow efficiency and physician satisfaction and quality of life in outpatient oncology clinics. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, concurrent qualitative and quantitative analysis of patient visit durations and survey data for 129 attending physicians affiliated with an academic hospital’s cancer center between January 2017 and January 2019. Thirty-three physicians were paired with scribes in each physician’s individual clinic or clinics. RESULTS: In terms of clinic efficiency, physicians with scribes had a 12.1% decrease in their overall average patient visit duration compared with their own time before receiving a scribe ( P < .0001) and spent significantly less time completing charts at the end of the day ( P = .04). Compared with their peers, oncologists with scribes showed a 10%-20% decrease in the duration of all patient visits. Scribes also contributed to patient care, as shown by 90% of physicians surveyed who strongly agreed that they spent less time at the computer and more time with patients; 100% of physicians surveyed strongly agreed that scribes improved their quality of life. CONCLUSION: The integration of medical scribes into oncology clinics across several oncologic disciplines has the potential to reduce burnout through increasing physician satisfaction and quality of life, improving patient care, and streamlining clinic workflow.
Neuraxial Labor Analgesia Utilization, Incidence of Postdural Puncture Headache, and Epidural Blood Patch Placement for Privately Insured Parturients in the United States (2008–2015)
Authors: Delgado Carlos , Bollag Laurent , Van Cleve Wil 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND:
Neuraxial analgesia is the gold standard for labor analgesia in the United States, and postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is one of the most common complications. PDPH is frequently treated with an epidural blood patch (EBP), but conservative treatment approaches remain common. Our current understanding of the incidence of PDPH and the frequency of EBP utilization is heavily based on reports from academic medical centers. We studied a private insurance database to provide estimates of neuraxial labor analgesia (NLA) use and PDPH and EBP incidence in the United States.

METHODS:
Labor and delivery insurance claims from the Truven MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database were analyzed. Mode of delivery, analgesic and/or operative anesthesia information, and EBP placement were identified using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. PDPH was identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes.

RESULTS:
The analytic dataset consisted of 1,752,243 deliveries. Vaginal deliveries (VD) comprised 64.6% of the sample. Of these, 72.9% received NLA, with a PDPH incidence of 0.58% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57–0.60). Using VD with NLA as a referent, the risk ratio for PDPH following cesarean delivery (CD) without a prior NLA was 1.1 (95 CI, 1.05–1.15; P = .0001), while the risk ratio for PDPH following CD with a prior NLA was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.76–0.87; P < .0001). EBP placement was documented in 68.4% PDPH cases following VD with NLA, 67.2% of PDPH cases following CD with prior NLA, and 59.7% of PDPH cases following CD without prior NLA. The median number of days between delivery and first and EBP was 3. A second EBP was performed in 8.3% of initially patched patients, and a third in 0.1%. In patients who went on to receive a repeat EBP, the median interval between delivery and the first EBP was 1 day.

CONCLUSIONS:
This analysis confirms findings of prior studies regarding the present utilization of neuraxial analgesia and the incidence of PDPH. When compared to patients undergoing VD with NLA, patients having CD without NLA had a higher incidence of PDPH, presumably due to intentional dural puncture. Women having CD with a prior NLA had a lower incidence of PDPH, possibly due to avoidance of pushing during the second stage of labor. EBP was a commonly pursued strategy for the treatment of PDPH and was more commonly pursued in patients with a history of NLA. Repeat EBP was rare.
Cell interactions in collective cell migration
Authors: Mishra Abhinava K. , Campanale Joseph P. , Mondo James A. , Montell Denise J. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Collective cell migration is the coordinated movement of a physically connected group of cells and is a prominent driver of development and metastasis. Interactions between cells within migrating collectives, and between migrating cells and other cells in the environment, play key roles in stimulating motility, steering and sometimes promoting cell survival. Similarly, diverse heterotypic interactions and collective behaviors likely contribute to tumor metastasis. Here, we describe a sampling of cells that migrate collectively in vivo, including well-established and newer examples. We focus on the under-appreciated property that many – perhaps most – collectively migrating cells move as cooperating groups of distinct cell types.
DUX is a non-essential synchronizer of zygotic genome activation
Authors: De Iaco Alberto , Verp Sonia , Offner Sandra , Grun Delphine , Trono Didier 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Some of the earliest transcripts produced in fertilized human and mouse oocytes code for DUX, a double homeodomain protein that promotes embryonic genome activation (EGA). Deleting Dux by genome editing at the one- to two-cell stage in the mouse impairs EGA and blastocyst maturation. Here, we demonstrate that mice carrying homozygous Dux deletions display markedly reduced expression of DUX target genes and defects in both pre- and post-implantation development, with, notably, a disruption of the pace of the first few cell divisions and significant rates of late embryonic mortality. However, some Dux−/− embryos give rise to viable pups, indicating that DUX is important but not strictly essential for embryogenesis.
PRDM1 controls the sequential activation of neural, neural crest and sensory progenitor determinants
Authors: Prajapati Ravindra S. , Hintze Mark , Streit Andrea 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
During early embryogenesis, the ectoderm is rapidly subdivided into neural, neural crest and sensory progenitors. How the onset of lineage determinants and the loss of pluripotency markers are temporally and spatially coordinated in vivo is still debated. Here, we identify a crucial role for the transcription factor PRDM1 in the orderly transition from epiblast to defined neural lineages in chick. PRDM1 is initially expressed broadly in the entire epiblast, but becomes gradually restricted as cell fates are specified. We find that PRDM1 is required for the loss of some pluripotency markers and the onset of neural, neural crest and sensory progenitor specifier genes. PRDM1 directly activates their expression by binding to their promoter regions and recruiting the histone demethylase Kdm4a to remove repressive histone marks. However, once neural lineage determinants become expressed, they in turn repress PRDM1, whereas prolonged PRDM1 expression inhibits neural, neural crest and sensory progenitor genes, suggesting that its downregulation is necessary for cells to maintain their identity. Therefore, PRDM1 plays multiple roles during ectodermal cell fate allocation.
A developmental gene regulatory network for C. elegans anchor cell invasion
Authors: Medwig-Kinney Taylor N. , Smith Jayson J. , Palmisano Nicholas J. , Tank Sujata , Zhang Wan , Matus David Q. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Cellular invasion is a key part of development, immunity and disease. Using an in vivo model of Caenorhabditis elegans anchor cell invasion, we characterize the gene regulatory network that promotes cell invasion. The anchor cell is initially specified in a stochastic cell fate decision mediated by Notch signaling. Previous research has identified four conserved transcription factors, fos-1 (Fos), egl-43 (EVI1/MEL), hlh-2 (E/Daughterless) and nhr-67 (NR2E1/TLX), that mediate anchor cell specification and/or invasive behavior. Connections between these transcription factors and the underlying cell biology that they regulate are poorly understood. Here, using genome editing and RNA interference, we examine transcription factor interactions before and after anchor cell specification. Initially, these transcription factors function independently of one another to regulate LIN-12 (Notch) activity. Following anchor cell specification, egl-43, hlh-2 and nhr-67 function largely parallel to fos-1 in a type I coherent feed-forward loop with positive feedback to promote invasion. Together, these results demonstrate that the same transcription factors can function in cell fate specification and differentiated cell behavior, and that a gene regulatory network can be rapidly assembled to reinforce a post-mitotic, pro-invasive state.
Case Report: Investigation and molecular genetic diagnosis of familial hypomagnesaemia
Authors: Willows Jamie , Al Badi Maryam , Richardson Chloe , Al Sinani Aisha , Edwards Noel , Rice Sarah , Sayer John A. 
Published: December 2019

Genetic mutations causing familial hypomagnesaemia syndromes are well-recognised. Affected patients can present with severe symptoms of hypomagnesaemia, such as seizures or cardiac arrhythmia. We report an affected child, from a consanguineous family, who presented in the first weeks of life with seizures secondary to hypomagnesaemia, without other associated clinical features. We performed whole exome sequencing in the affected child and segregation analysis within the family, which revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation in TRPM6, which was confirmed as a heterozygous allele in both parents and two younger siblings who had transient hypomagnesaemia. Using in silico modelling, we provide evidence that the missense variant p.(K1098E) in TRPM6 is pathogenic, as it disrupts stabilising TRP domain interactions. Management of familial hypomagnesaemia relies on prompt recognition, early magnesium replacement and lifelong monitoring.
Early Childbirth Among Foster Youth: A Latent Class Analysis to Determine Subgroups at Increased Risk
Authors: King Bryn , Eastman Andrea Lane , Grinnell‐Davis Claudette , Aparicio Elizabeth 
Published: December 2019

CONTEXTResearch has documented elevated rates of early childbirth among adolescents who have spent time in foster care, and a better understanding is needed of the characteristics of vulnerable individuals and the circumstances of their time in care.METHODSCalifornia birth records for 1999–2010 were probabilistically linked to state child welfare service records spanning the same date range to identify females aged 12–19 who had spent time in foster care and had had a first birth before age 20. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups based on age at most recent entry into care, length of this stay and three indicators of placement instability. The probability of a first birth being related to class membership was assessed as a distal outcome, and differences across classes were assessed using chi‐square tests.RESULTSFour distinct classes of foster youth were identified: Later Entry/High Instability (20% of individuals), Later Entry/Low Instability (43%), Earlier Entry/High Instability (12%) and Earlier Entry/Low Instability (25%). The probability of a first childbirth ranged from 31% (class 1) to 15% (class 4); classes 2 and 3 experienced moderate risk (23% and 24%, respectively). Two groups were further characterized by high rates of reentry into care, with 56% of class 1 and 41% of class 3 individuals experiencing more than one episode in care.CONCLUSIONSIdentifiable subgroups of female foster youth are at heightened risk of early childbirth and may benefit from early intervention, enhanced support and access to reliable, ongoing sexual and reproductive health care.
“Am I Going to Be in Trouble for What I'm Doing?”: Providing Contraceptive Care in Religious Health Care Systems
Authors: Liu Yuan , Hebert Luciana E. , Hasselbacher Lee A. , Stulberg Debra B. 
Published: December 2019

CONTEXTCatholic systems control a growing share of health care in the United States. Because patients seeking contraceptives in Catholic facilities face doctrinal restrictions that may affect access to and quality of care, it is important to understand whether and how providers work within and around institutional policies regarding contraception.METHODSIn 2016–2018, in‐depth interviews were conducted in Illinois with 28 key informants—including providers (obstetrician‐gynecologists, other physicians, nurse‐midwives) and nonclinical professionals (ethicists, administrators, chaplains)—who had experience in secular, Protestant or Catholic health care systems. Interviews addressed multiple aspects of reproductive care and hospital and system policy. A thematic content approach was used to identify themes related to participants' experiences with and perspectives on contraceptive care.RESULTSWhile respondents working in secular and Protestant systems reported few limitations on contraceptive care, those working in Catholic systems reported multiple barriers. Providers who had worked in Catholic systems described variable institutional policies and enforcement practices, ranging from verbal admonishments to lease agreements prohibiting contraceptive provision in secular clinics on church‐owned land. Despite these restrictions, patients' needs motivated many providers to utilize work‐arounds; some providers reported having been pressured or directly instructed to document false diagnoses in patients' medical records. Interviewees described how these obstacles burdened patients, especially those with social and financial constraints, and resulted in delayed or lower quality care.CONCLUSIONSProviders working in Catholic hospitals are limited in their ability to serve women of reproductive age. Work‐arounds intended to circumvent restrictions may inadvertently stigmatize contraception and negatively affect patient care.
Design and analysis of slow-light Bloch slot waveguides for on-chip gas sensing
Authors: Xu Guizhen , Wang Jin , Ji Qizheng , Yang Ming , Huang Tianye , Pan Jianxing , Xie Yuan , Shum Perry Ping 
Published: December 2019

The performance of on-chip gas sensors based on light absorption is mainly determined by the light–gas interaction. In this paper, slow-light Bloch slot waveguides (BSW) are proposed to improve sensing performance. The sensing performance is enhanced in two mechanisms. On the one hand, light is confined in the slot to increase the overlap of the mode field and the gas; on the other hand, the slow-light effect is achieved by adjusting the subwavelength grating period to increase the group index. By joint engineering the evanescent fields and group index, for a low pump power of 10 mW and a propagation loss of 3 dB/cm, the detection limit of 0.034 ppm in the near-infrared and the detection limit of 0.29 ppm in the mid-infrared at the optimum propagation length of 1.45 cm are obtained, respectively. The proposed BSW provides a promising platform for high-performance gas sensing.
Nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor double quantum wires coupled to a quantum-sized metal nanoparticle
Authors: Su Ying , Guo Kangxian , Liu Guanghui , Yang Tao , Yu Qiucheng , Hu Meilin , Yang Yanlian 
Published: December 2019

We theoretically investigate linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients (OACs) and refractive index changes (RICs) of two quantum wires (QWs) separated by a quantum-sized metal nanoparticle (MNP) using a density matrix method and dielectric quantum theory. The exciton-plasmon coupling and the dipole-dipole interaction (DDI) between the two QWs are taken into account. We find that the magnitudes of the linear and nonlinear OACs (RICs) from the QWs are enhanced by one order of magnitude, in contrast to the case without a MNP, due to the exciton-plasmon coupling and the DDI between the two QWs. The quantum size effect in a MNP induces a pronounced enhancement in the magnitudes of the linear and nonlinear OACs (RICs) with the increase of the MNP radius. Furthermore, the optical responses can be further strengthened via increasing the MNP radius or decreasing the radius and gap of the QWs, owing to the enhanced exciton-plasmon coupling and the DDI between the two QWs. Moreover, the magnitudes of the total OACs (RICs) are reduced by increasing the optical intensity, along with a splitting effect of the OACs under strong optical intensity. Our results provide the possibility of designing the hybrid nanostructures with large nonlinearity for applications in nano-devices such as optical switches and amplifiers.
Burst-mode femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging for kHz–MHz seedless velocimetry
Authors: Fisher Jordan M. , Smyser Michael E. , Slipchenko Mikhail N. , Roy Sukesh , Meyer Terrence R. 
Published: December 2019

Burst-mode femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging (FLEET) of nitrogen is introduced for tracking the velocity field in high-speed flows at kilohertz–megahertz (kHz–MHz) repetition rates without the use of added tracers. A custom-built Nd:glass femtosecond laser is used to produce 500 pulses per burst with pulses having a temporal separation as short as 1 µs, an energy of 120 µJ, and a duration of 274 fs. This enables 2 orders of magnitude higher measurement bandwidth over conventional kHz-rate FLEET velocimetry. Characteristics of the optical system are described, along with a demonstration of time-resolved velocity measurements with

∼

0.5

%

precision in a supersonic slot jet.
Social Psychiatry and the demand for Mental Health Services: Some caution is valid?
Authors: Pereira Izadora De Sousa , Macêdo Amanda Plácido da Silva , Sá Ivna Celli Assunção de , Moreira Larissa Melo , Rolim Neto Modesto Leite 
Published: December 2019

Mental health in the interface with social psychiatryis a constantly evolving field. Psychiatry faces major challenges. The therapeutic relationship remains paramount. Methods: A Short Communication that focus the informational spaces of professional interests, many new ideas and concepts what are issued under the banner of "social psychiatry.". Include: discovery or development of new information’s, novelty in modeling scientific and channels of information. Results: The evidences emphasize that Mental illness and interventions in psychiatry should be considered in the of social context where patients live and factors they face on a daily basis. There’s a need for greater numbers of psychiatrists. Limitations: As Short Communications are expected to have higher than average impact on the field rather than report on incremental research, they will receive prioritized and rapid publication. Conclusion: Social values and concepts have played a central role in the history of mental health care, allowing more focus on possible environmental causes or factors. Keywords: Social Psychiatryis; Mental Health; Therapeutic Relationship.
KUALITAS HIDUP DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, STUDI KASUS DKI JAKARTA DAN DAERAH PENYANGGANYA
Authors: Karim Malik Al , Utomo Galih Jati , Fauziah Bella 
Published: December 2019

This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of urban sprawl development from aspects of value added, quality of life and economic growth to sub urban area of DKI Jakarta. The city are Bekasi City, Bekasi Regency, Depok City, Bogor City, Bogor Regency, Tangerang City, South Tangerang City, and Tangerang Regency. The research method was desk study with variables population, typology of city, Human Development Index (HDI), Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), education level, proportion of labor, access to Jakarta and distribution of settlements. The results of this research are (1) urban sprawl increases the population and the development of regions around the city including economic agglomeration to the sub urban area. It can be seen from the change of land use in each region become an area of settlement, commercial, industrial, or service and the development of new infrastructure and centers of economic growth. (2) economic growth in the sub urban area have an increase in GDP per year. Based on this, there is no competitiveness between the DKI Jakarta sub urban areas developing not based on competition but complementary. (3) The city of South Tangerang is considered to have the best quality of life. This is seen from the highest value of South Tangerang City HDI compared to other regions.
Exploring the formaldehyde reactivity of tannins with different molecular weight distributions: bayberry tannins and larch tannins
Authors: Yang Tao , Dong Mengqi , Cui Juqing , Gan Lu , Han Shuguang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In recent years, tannin degradation has been used to obtain tannin materials with an optimal molecular weight distribution (MWD) for synthesizing tannin-formaldehyde (TF) resin with high performance, but the optimal MWD of tannins is still unknown. The excellent formaldehyde reactivity of tannins is the basis for the synthesis of high-performance TF resin. Based on the formaldehyde reactivity of tannins, bayberry tannins and larch tannins were used to explore the optimal MWD of tannins for TF resin synthesis. Progressive solvent precipitation (PSP) was used to obtain tannin fractions with different MWDs. The formaldehyde reactivity of tannins was determined using the modified Stiansy method combined with the standard curve method (GB/T 17657-2013). The bayberry tannin fraction [weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of acetylated tannin: 4115, mean degree of polymerization (mDP): 6.64] and the larch tannin fraction (Mw of acetylated tannin: 3906, mDP: 5.84) had the best formaldehyde reactivity. Furthermore, significant differences in the formaldehyde reactivity of condensed tannins (CTs) with different MWDs were observed. The obtained results can be used to purposefully degrade tannins to achieve an optimal MWD, which is beneficial for the production of TF adhesives with high performance.