bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Brain Stimulation for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease With Early Motor Complications
Authors: Barbe Michael T. , Tonder Lisa , Krack Paul , Debû Bettina , Schüpbach Michael , Paschen Steffen , Dembek Till A. , Kühn Andrea A. , Fraix Valerie , Brefel‐Courbon Christine , Wojtecki Lars , Maltête David , Damier Phillippe , Sixel‐Döring Friederike , Weiss Daniel , Pinsker Marcus , Witjas Tatiana , Thobois Stephane , Schade‐Brittinger Carmen , Rau Jörn , Houeto Jean‐Luc , Hartmann Andreas , Timmermann Lars , Schnitzler Alfons , Stoker Valerie , Vidailhet Marie , Deuschl Günther ,   for the EARLYSTIM study group
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundEffects of DBS on freezing of gait and other axial signs in PD patients are unclear.ObjectiveSecondary analysis to assess whether DBS affects these symptoms within a large randomized controlled trial comparing DBS of the STN combined with best medical treatment and best medical treatment alone in patients with early motor complications (EARLYSTIM‐trial).MethodsOne hundred twenty‐four patients were randomized in the stimulation group and 127 patients in the best medical treatment group. Presence of freezing of gait was assessed in the worst condition based on item‐14 of the UPDRS‐II at baseline and follow‐up. The posture, instability, and gait‐difficulty subscore of the UPDRS‐III, and a gait test including quantification of freezing of gait and number of steps, were performed in both medication‐off and medication‐on conditions.ResultsFifty‐two percent in both groups had freezing of gait at baseline based on UPDRS‐II. This proportion decreased in the stimulation group to 34%, but did not change in the best medical treatment group at 24 months (P = 0.018). The steps needed to complete the gait test decreased in the stimulation group and was superior to the best medical treatment group (P = 0.016). The axial signs improved in the stimulation group compared to the best medical treatment group (P < 0.01) in both medication‐off and medication‐on conditions.ConclusionsWithin the first 2 years of DBS, freezing of gait and other axial signs improved in the medication‐off condition compared to best medical treatment in these patients. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Is one nerve transfer enough? A systematic review and pooled analysis comparing ulnar fascicular nerve transfer and double ulnar and median fascicular nerve transfer for restoration of elbow flexion after traumatic brachial plexus injury
Authors: Donnelly Megan R. , Rezzadeh Kevin T. , Vieira Dorice , Daar David , Hacquebord Jacques 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesDouble fascicular transfer is argued to result in improved elbow flexion compared to the traditional ulnar fascicular transfer because it reinnervates both the biceps and the brachialis. This study seeks to determine if double fascicular transfer should be preferred over ulnar fascicular transfer to restore elbow flexion in patients with upper trunk brachial plexus injuries (BPI) by analyzing the current database of literature on the topic.MethodsA systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were studies reporting Medical Research Council (MRC) scores on individual patients undergoing ulnar fascicular transfer and double fascicular transfer (ulnar and median nerve fascicle donors). Patients were excluded if: age < 18 years old and follow‐up <12 months. Demographics obtained include age, sex, extent of injury (C5‐C6/C5‐C7), preoperative interval, procedure type, and follow‐up time. Outcomes included absolute MRC score and ability to achieve MRC score ≥3 and ≥4. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were completed to evaluate predictors of postoperative outcomes.ResultsEighteen studies (176 patients) were included for pooled analysis. Patients that underwent double fascicular transfer had a higher percentage of patients attain a MRC score ≥ 4 compared to ulnar fascicular transfer subjects (83.0% vs. 63.3%, p = .013). Double fascicular transfer was a predictor of achieving high MRC scores (OR = 2.829, p = .015). Multivariate analysis showed that procedure type was the only near significant predictor of ability to obtain MRC ≥4 (OR: 2.338, p = .054).ConclusionsThis analysis demonstrates that double fascicular transfer is associated with superior postoperative outcomes and should be performed for restoring elbow flexion.
Sustained Human Background Exposure to Acrolein Evidenced by Monitoring Urinary Exposure Biomarkers
Authors: Ruenz Meike , Goerke Katharina , Bakuradze Tamara , Abraham Klaus , Lampen Alfonso , Eisenbrand Gerhard , Richling Elke 
Published: November 2019

ScopeThis study investigates a potential correlation between the intake of heat‐processed food and the excretion of the acrolein (AC) biomarkers N‐acetyl‐S‐(3‐hydroxypropyl)‐l‐cysteine (HPMA) and N‐acetyl‐S‐(carboxyethyl)‐l‐cysteine (CEMA) based on two human studies.Methods and ResultsHuman exposure to AC is monitored using the AC‐related mercapturic acids HPMA and CEMA in the urine of a) non‐smoking volunteers under defined living conditions and b) of non‐smoking volunteers on unrestricted or vegan diet under free living conditions. Free living volunteers in part show markedly enhanced urinary excretions of HPMA and CEMA. The intake of heat‐processed food does not influence AC‐related biomarker excretion. Incidentally enhanced urinary exposure biomarker levels appear to suggest AC exposure possibly from open fire, barbecuing, or tobacco smoke. However, kinetics of urinary biomarkers related to tobacco and other potential smoke exposure, do not correlate with those observed for HPMA and CEMA.ConclusionThis study is the first to convincingly show a sustained and substantial background exposure to AC in non‐smoking humans, clearly independent from uptake of heat‐processed foods. The data strongly point to endogenous AC generation by pathways of mammalian and/or microbial metabolism as yet not taken into consideration.
Prospective GIRF‐based RF phase cycling to reduce eddy current‐induced steady‐state disruption in bSSFP imaging
Authors: Bruijnen Tom , Stemkens Bjorn , van den Berg Cornelis Antonius Theodorus , Tijssen Rob Hendrikus Nicolaas 
Published: November 2019

PurposeTo propose an explicit Balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) signal model that predicts eddy current‐induced steady‐state disruptions and to provide a prospective, practical, and general eddy current compensation method.Theory and MethodsGradient impulse response functions (GIRF) were used to simulate trajectory‐specific eddy current‐induced phase errors at the end of a repetition block. These phase errors were included in bloch simulations to establish a bSSFP signal model to predict steady‐state disruptions and their corresponding image artifacts. The signal model was embedded in the MR system and used to compensate the phase errors by prospectively modifying the phase cycling scheme of the RF pulse. The signal model and eddy current compensation method were validated in phantom and in vivo experiments. In addition, the signal model was used to analyze pre‐existing eddy current mitigation methods, such as 2D tiny golden angle radial and 3D paired phase encoded Cartesian acquisitions.ResultsThe signal model predicted eddy current‐induced image artifacts, with the zeroth‐order GIRF being the primary factor to predict the steady‐state disruption. Prospective RF phase cycling schemes were automatically computed online and considerably reduced eddy current‐induced image artifacts. The signal model provides a direct relationship for the smoothness of k‐space trajectories, which explains the effectiveness of phase encode pairing and tiny golden angle trajectory.ConclusionsThe proposed signal model can accurately predict eddy current‐induced steady‐state disruptions for bSSFP imaging. The signal model can be used to derive the eddy current‐induced phase errors required for trajectory‐specific RF phase cycling schemes, which considerably reduce eddy current‐induced image artifacts.
Obesity Risk Among Young Australian Women: A Prospective Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Hendryx Michael , Chojenta Catherine , Byles Julie E. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveProspective studies on obesity incidence specifically among young adults have not been reported. This study examined risks of obesity incidence over 19 years among young women without obesity at baseline.MethodsWomen aged 18 to 23 years at baseline (N = 8,177) were followed up every 2 to 3 years to ages 37 to 42 using the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. A latent class analysis identified obesity‐risk classes based on time‐dependent measures of income, education, physical activity, sleep quality, dietary behavior, depression, stressful events, and social functioning. Cox proportional hazards regression models examined associations between incident obesity and latent classes, controlling for covariates.ResultsFour latent classes were identified, including a lower‐risk referent class and classes characterized by poor exercise and diet, stress and low income, and multiple intermediate‐level risks. Compared with the referent, all three risk classes had significantly higher obesity risk, with the highest risk in the stress and low‐income group (hazard ratio = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.92‐2.56). Individual risks associated with obesity included lower education, stressful life events, and lower vigorous physical activity.ConclusionsYoung women without baseline obesity were at risk of developing obesity when they experienced co‐occurring behavioral, socioeconomic, and psychosocial risks. Both latent classes and individual risk indicators offer insights into prevention strategies.
Digital self‐monitoring: Does adherence or association with outcomes differ by self‐monitoring target?
Authors: Butryn Meghan L. , Godfrey Kathryn M. , Martinelli Mary K. , Roberts Savannah R. , Forman Evan M. , Zhang Fengqing 
Published: November 2019

SummaryObjectiveDigital self‐monitoring of eating, physical activity, and weight is increasingly prescribed in behavioural weight loss programmes. This study determined if adherence rates or associations with outcomes differed according to self‐monitoring target (ie, self‐monitoring of eating versus physical activity versus weight).MethodsParticipants in a 3‐month, group‐based weight loss programme were instructed to use an app to record food intake, wear a physical activity sensor, and use a wireless body weight scale. At post‐treatment, weight loss was measured in clinic and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was measured by research‐grade accelerometer.ResultsAdherence to self‐monitoring decreased significantly over time for eating and weight but not physical activity. Overall, adherence to self‐monitoring of weight was lower than that of eating or physical activity. Greater adherence to self‐monitoring of eating, physical activity, and weight each predicted greater weight loss. Only greater adherence to self‐monitoring of eating was associated with greater bouted minutes of MVPA.ConclusionsFindings from this study suggest that self‐monitoring should be considered a target‐specific behaviour rather than a unitary construct when conceptualizing adherence and association with treatment outcomes.
Marine‐natural‐products for biocides development: first discovery of meridianin alkaloids as antiviral and anti‐phytopathogenic‐fungus agents
Authors: Dong Ji , Huang Shi‐sheng , Hao Ya‐nan , Wang Zi‐wen , Liu Yu‐xiu , Li Yong‐qiang , Wang Qing‐min 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDFood is an important strategic material related to national economy and people's livelihood. Plant diseases seriously affect crop yield and quality. Marine natural products are an important source for novel drugs discovery. In this work, meridianin alkaloids were selected as the parent structure. A series of meridianin alkaloid analogues were rationally designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activities and fungicidal activities.RESULTThese compounds were found to have good antiviral and fungicidal activities for the first time. The structure–activity relationship (SAR) research revealed that introducing bromine atom at the 5‐position of indole ring is beneficial to antiviral activity, but introducing methoxy group is not conducive. Introducing bromine atom at the 6‐position of indole ring or nitrogen atom at the 7‐position of the indole ring resulted in lower antiviral activity. Most of the meridianin derivatives showed higher anti‐TMV activities at 500 μg mL−1 than Ribavirin, especially for compounds 6c, 8a and 10a. All of the compounds also displayed broad spectrum fungicidal activities against 14 kinds of phytopathogenic fungi at 50 μg mL−1.CONCLUSIONCompound 6c with relatively simple structure and excellent antiviral activity, which is similar to that of Ningnanmycin, emerged as novel anti‐TMV lead compound. Compound 5d with broad spectrum and high effect fungicidal activity emerged as a new fungicidal lead compound. Current research lays a solid foundation for the application of meridianin alkaloids in crop protection. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysing Sr isotopes in low‐Sr samples such as single insects with inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry using N2O as a reaction gas for in‐line Rb separation
Authors: Murphy David Thomas , Allen Charlotte M. , Ghidan Osama , Dickson Andrew , Hu Wan‐Ping , Briggs Ethan , Holder Peter W. , Armstrong Karen F. 
Published: November 2019

RationaleStrontium isotopes are valuable markers of provenance in a range of disciplines. Limited amounts of Sr in low‐mass samples such as insects mean that conventional Sr isotope analysis precludes their use for geographic origins in many ecological studies or in applications such as biosecurity. Here we test the viability of using inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS/MS) with N2O as a reaction gas for accurately determining Sr isotopes in insects with Sr < 100 ng.MethodsStrontium isotopes were determined in solution mode using ICP‐MS/MS with 0.14 L/min N2O as a reaction gas to convert Sr+ into SrO+ for in‐line separation of 87Sr from 87Rb. The Sr isotope reference standards NIST SRM 987, NIST SRM 1570a and NIST SRM 1547 were used to assess accuracy and reproducibility. Ten insect species collected from the wild as a proof‐of‐principle application were analysed for Sr concentration and Sr isotopes.ResultsUsing ICP‐MS/MS we show for the first time that internal mass bias correction of 87Sr16O/86Sr16O based on 88Sr16O/86Sr16O works to give for NIST SRM 987 a 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7101 ± 0.012 (RSD = 0.17%) and for NIST SRM 1570a a 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7100 ± 0.009 (RSD = 0.12%), which are within error of the accepted values. The first 87Sr/86Sr ratio of NIST SRM 1547 is 0.7596 ± 0.0014. Strontium analyses were run on 0.8 mL of 0.25–0.5 ppb Sr, which equates to 2–4 ng of Sr. Strontium isotope analysis with a precision of >99.8% can be achieved with in‐line separation of 87Sr from 87Rb at least up to solutions with 25 ppb Rb.ConclusionsA minimum of 5 mg of insect tissue is required for Sr isotope analysis. This new ICP‐MS/MS method enables Sr isotope analysis in single insects, allowing population‐scale studies to be feasible and making possible applications with time‐critical uses such as biosecurity.
Compensation‐based data‐driven ILC with input and output package dropouts
Authors: Chi Ronghu , Lv Yunkai , Hou Zhongsheng 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThis paper explores the problem of random data loss at both input and output sides and proposes a compensation‐based data‐driven iterative learning control (cDDILC) to refrain from deteriorating of the control performance due to the data loss. A linear data model is first established to describe the input‐output dynamics of a repetitive control system in the iteration domain. The linear data model, which only virtually exists in the computer without any physical backgrounds, is employed as a predictive model to estimate and compensate the lost output data. Meanwhile, the lost input data is replaced by the corresponding input of the same time instant in the latest previous iterations. Then, a cDDILC is proposed by introducing two Bernoulli random variables to describe the stochastic data loss at both input and output sides. The proposed cDDILC method is data driven and independent of a precise plant model. Although the design and analysis of the cDDILC start from a MIMO linear repetitive system, one can easily extend the results to a MIMO nonlinear nonaffine one. Theoretical analysis and simulations confirm the efficiency of the proposed cDDILC method.
Continuous Synthesis of Nanocrystals via Flow Chemistry Technology
Authors: Sui Jinsong , Yan Junyu , Liu Di , Wang Kai , Luo Guangsheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractModern nanotechnologies bring humanity to a new age, and advanced methods for preparing functional nanocrystals are cornerstones. A considerable variety of nanomaterials has been created over the past decades, but few were prepared on the macro scale, even fewer making it to the stage of industrial production. The gap between academic research and engineering production is expected to be filled by flow chemistry technology, which relies on microreactors. Microreaction devices and technologies for synthesizing different kinds of nanocrystals are discussed from an engineering point of view. The advantages of microreactors, the important features of flow chemistry systems, and methods to apply them in the syntheses of salt, oxide, metal, alloy, and quantum dot nanomaterials are summarized. To further exhibit the scaling‐up of nanocrystal synthesis, recent reports on using microreactors with gram per hour and larger production rates are highlighted. Finally, an industrial example for preparing 10 tons of CaCO3 nanoparticles per day is introduced, which shows the great potential for flow chemistry processes to transfer lab research to industry.
Laser‐Assisted Lattice Recovery of Graphene by Carbon Nanodot Incorporation
Authors: Borenstein Arie , Strauss Volker , Kowal Matthew D. , Anderson Mackenzie , Kaner Richard B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProducing highly oriented graphene is a major challenge that constrains graphene from fulfilling its full potential in technological applications. The exciting properties of graphene are impeded in practical bulk materials due to lattice imperfections that hinder charge mobility. A simple method to improve the structural integrity of graphene by utilizing laser irradiation on a composite of carbon nanodots (CNDs) and 3D graphene is presented. The CNDs attach themselves to defect sites in the graphene sheets and, upon laser‐assisted reduction, patch defects in the carbon lattice. Spectroscopic experiments reveal graphitic structural recovery of up to 43% and electrical conductivity four times larger than the original graphene. The composites are tested as electrodes in electrochemical capacitors and demonstrate extremely fast RC time constant as low as 0.57 ms. Due to their low defect concentrations, the reduced graphene oxide‐carbon nanodot (rGO‐CND) composites frequency response is sufficiently fast to operate as AC line filters, potentially replacing today's electrolytic capacitors. Using this methodology, demonstrated is a novel line filter with one of the fastest capacitive responses ever reported, and an aerial capacitance of 68.8 mF cm−2. This result emphasizes the decisive role of structural integrity for optimizing graphene in electronic applications.
High‐Power Microbial Fuel Cells Based on a Carbon–Carbon Composite Air Cathode
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyuan , Wang Qiuying , Tang Cheng , Wang Hao‐Fan , Liang Peng , Huang Xia , Zhang Qiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMicrobial fuel cells (MFCs) can convert organics in wastewater directly to electricity, and improving oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance is critical to their development and future applications. Electrocatalytic ORR performance is determined by the intrinsic activity and accessible amounts of active sites. A surface nitrogen‐enriched carbon coaxial nanocable (NCCN) is applied as an ORR electrocatalyst and combined with activated carbon (AC) with 80 wt% addition as a carbon–carbon composite air cathode in MFCs. The fully exposed nitrogen active sites of NCCN contribute to the enhanced ORR activity, while the graphitized core affords a rapid pathway for electron transportation. AC serves as a spacer to construct a porous framework with interconnected ion diffusion channels. This cathode thus exhibits a maximum power density of 2090 mW m–2, 120% higher than commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts, and also 6% higher than the pure NCCN, indicating a synergistic effect between NCCN and AC. A high‐performance NCCN‐AC air cathode with a great promise for future MFC applications is reported and an effective strategy to bridge the electrocatalytic performance from nanomaterials to practical devices is presented.
The cell stress response: extreme times call for post‐transcriptional measures
Authors: Pizzinga Mariavittoria , Harvey Robert F. , Garland Gavin D. , Mordue Ryan , Dezi Veronica , Ramakrishna Manasa , Sfakianos Aristeidis , Monti Mie , Mulroney Thomas E. , Poyry Tuija , Willis Anne E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFollowing cell stress, a wide range of molecular pathways are initiated to orchestrate the stress response and enable adaptation to an environmental or intracellular perturbation. The post‐transcriptional regulation strategies adopted during the stress response result in a substantial reorganization of gene expression, designed to prepare the cell for either acclimatization or programmed death, depending on the nature and intensity of the stress. Fundamental to the stress response is a rapid repression of global protein synthesis, commonly mediated by phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α. Recent structural and biochemical information have added unprecedented detail to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation. During protein synthesis inhibition, the translation of stress‐specific mRNAs is nonetheless enhanced, often through the interaction between RNA‐binding proteins and specific RNA regulatory elements. Recent studies investigating the unfolded protein response (UPR) provide some important insights into how posttranscriptional events are spatially and temporally fine‐tuned in order to elicit the most appropriate response and to coordinate the transition from an early, acute stage into the chronic state of adaptation. Importantly, cancer cells are known to hi‐jack adaptive stress response pathways, particularly the UPR, to survive and proliferate in the unfavorable tumor environment. In this review, we consider the implications of recent research into stress‐dependent post‐transcriptional regulation and make the case for the exploration of the stress response as a strategy to identify novel targets in the development of cancer therapies.This article is categorized under:

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution
Translation > Translation Mechanisms > Translation Regulation