bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Ethiopian Population: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ambachew Sintayehu , Endalamaw Aklilu , Biadgo Belete , Worede Abebaw , Melku Mulugeta 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The metabolic syndrome is a clustering of hyperglycemia/insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke and all-cause mortality. The burden of metabolic syndrome is emerging alarmingly in low-and middle income countries like Ethiopia. This is the protocol to determine the pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Ethiopian population.Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis will include original articles of observational studies published in the English language. Searches will be carried out in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Africa Journals up to April 2019. A Fixed/Random-effect model will be used to estimate the pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Ethiopia. Heterogeneity will be assessed using I² statistic. Sub-group analysis will also be conducted based on sex, study subjects, and methodological differences. Funnel plots and egger’s and Begg’s test will be used to asses publication bias.Ethics and dissemination: The review is based on published data; therefore, ethical approval is not required. The systematic review and meta-analysis will summarize the existing data on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Ethiopian population. This provides the empirical evidence necessary for researchers, policy-makers, and public health stakeholders to derive health-promoting policies, allocate resources, and set priorities for monitoring future trends. The final result will be presented at annual scientific meetings, conferences, and seminars. Moreover, it will also be published in the peer-reviewed reputable journal. We also plan to review every 5 years to provide updated information.Protocol registration number: PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42018090944)
LncRNA NRON Inhibits Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation, Invasion by Regulating MVB12B
Authors: Liu Yancheng , Zhang Jingyu , Jiao Yongqiang , Ma Shuwei , Ma Xinlong , Hu Yongcheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aims: Long noncoding RNA have been proved as important regulator in various diseases. NRON was a newly identified tumor-related lncRNA, and previous studies have reported its function in hepatocellular carcinoma and heart failure. However, the function and mechanism of lncRNA NRON in osteosarcoma still unknown. Methods: Cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis were detected via CCK-8, transwell assay and Western. Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the potential target of NRON. Rescue experiment was performed to identify the relationship between NRON and MVB12B. Results: The expression of lncRNA NRON was significantly downregulate in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of NRON promoted cell proliferation, invasion and EMT. Overexpression of NRON inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and EMT. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that MVB12B was the direct target. The expression of MVB12B was significantly upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. Rescue experiment further confirmed the relationship between NRON and MVB12B. Overexpression of MVB12B completely reversed the function of NRON. Conclusion: Taken together, our results comprehensively analyzed the function of NRON in osteosarcoma and provided possible mechanism that NRON inhibited osteosarcoma development by regulating MVB12B. Thus, our study may offer a potential therapeutic target for treating osteosarcoma.
Job Satisfaction and Its Associated Factors Among Governmental Health Workers in West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Workineh Ifa , Dida Nagasa , Sileshi Tesemma 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Job satisfaction is an important determinant of workers' motivation, retention, and performance. Each individual working in different segments of the health sector has an impact on the quality and accessibility of the services the health care system provides to the community. Many studies assessed health care workers' job satisfaction. However, the majority of previous studies focused on specific health professionals and facilities. The present study assessed job satisfaction and its associated factors among governmental health workers in West Shoa Zone, Oromia, EthiopiaMethods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in West Shoa, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, from March 23/2020 to April 15/2020. A total of 429 health workers were identified from type A, B, and C districts. Participants were proportionally allocated for each district and the individual participant was selected using simple random sampling methods. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and entered into EpiInfo 7. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22 software. Mean and/or median were used for continuous variables, whereas; the percentage was used for categorical variables. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was done to assess the association between each independent variable and outcome variable. Multivariate binary logistic regression using adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated to assess the strength of association. Results: From the total of 429 study participants, 422 of them were fully responded to the survey with a response rate of 98.3%. The overall level of job satisfaction was 46%. Management. The policy of the worker organization [AOR 0.07, 95% CI: 0.03-.21)], the relationship among the workers [AOR 0.08(95% CI .03-.23], presence of benefit package [AOR 0.07, (95% CI .02-.22], work environment [AOR 0.11, (95% CI: 0. 04-.31], personal growth and development [AOR 0.11 (95% CI: 0.04-.33], supportive supervision from immediate supervisor [AOR 0.04 (95% CI: 0.014-.14] and the nature of work category [AOR 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01-.1] were independently associated with job satisfaction. Conclusions: The overall job satisfaction of health workers in the study area was low. Management and policy of the worker organization, the relationship among the workers, presence of benefit package, work conditioning, personal growth, and development, supportive supervision from immediate supervisor and the nature of work category were among the predictor of job satisfaction.
Modelling COVID-19 With More Disaggregation and Less Nomothetic Parameterisation: UK and India Examples
Authors: Olsen Wendy , Bera Manasi , Kim Jihye , Wisniowski Arkadiusz , Yadav Purva 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Modelling of pandemic vulnerability in a development context can be improved through combining disciplines, combining data, and recognising the many nested levels of the epidemic. Models of transmission have been constructed at national level or for multiple nations. We instead construct a model allowing for social-group differentials in risk, along with conditioning regional factors and lifestyle factors. Severe COVID-19 disease is our innovative key outcome. We use three data sources at once: National Family and Health Survey for India, Indian Census 2011, and COVID-19 deaths. We provide results for 11 states of India, enabling best-yet targeting of policy actions. The future uses of such models are many. COVID-19 deaths in north and central India were higher in areas with older populations and overweight populations, and was more common among those with pre-existing health conditions, or who smoke or live in urban areas. Policy experts may both want to ‘follow World Health Organisation advice’ and yet also use disaggregated and spatially-specific data to improve wellbeing outcomes during the pandemic.
Pre-infection global psychosocial status on SARS CoV-2 disease outcome
Authors: Sinha Nirmalya K. , Maiti Smarajit 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The present pandemic situation due to Covid-19 disease has raised a severe threat on human health both physically and mentally. Globally, 794,435 persons were died from a total 22,767,009. We assumed that existed psychosocial-conditions in the pre-infection-period have a great role in disease pathogenesis-severity. This might have geographically/regionally influenced different parameters of the disease. The present aim was to delineate the impact of pre-infection or post-infection psychosocial impact on Covid-19 outcome. Existing global mental-status (depression-anxiety, economic-status, quality-of-life/QOL, Global-Health-Security/GHS, tobacco-smoking and suicide-mortality were verified with their possible correlation with the total-infection/death-rate/case-fatality-rate(CFR) analyzed in >170 countries. The data was collected from World-Health-Organization/World-Bank/United-Nations, and the Johns-Hopkins-Center for Health-Security. The SPSS/version-16.0 was utilized for student’s t test, multivariate-ANOVA, Correlation and Prediction for numerical-outcomes, Linear-regression. Pearson’s-chi-square-test was performed in the current study. Psychological wellbeing like happiness-GSH-QOL, mental-impairments like depression-anxiety have been variably-positively correlated with total-confirmed-infection-cases, total-death and CFR (p<0.05-p<0.001). Happiness has been positively associated with QOL/GSH/anxiety-depressive-disorder. Higher CFR has been noticed more in the developed countries. Virus-host interactions may have some variability depending on the race-ethnicity-and individual’s-body-compositions. Because, this study has been done >170 countries, the present outcome is important. The positive correlation between happiness-QOL index with the apparent adverse outcome of Covid-19 and the correlation between happiness/QOL with anxiety-depression disorder are found to be parallel. This suggests more characterizations of these psychosocial-indices are needed. The open-minded nations with non-conserved nature which eventuates to more transportation, tourist trafficking and more social association/collaborations, that might have affected more. Further studies are necessary in this regard.
Effect of Heterodera schachtii female age on susceptibility to three fungal hyperparasites in the genus Hyalorbilia
Authors: Becker J. Smith , Borneman J. , Becker J. O. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Three closely related nematophagous fungi in the genus Hyalorbilia were compared for their ability to parasitize females and eggs of Heterodera schachtii at different developmental stages. DoUCR50, StM, and ARF were originally isolated from Heterodera schachtii, Meloidogyne incognita, and Heterodera glycines, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis and pairwise sequence analysis showed that DoUCR50 and StM are more closely related to each other than they are to ARF. DoUCR50 parasitism suppressed 100% of the J2 hatch from 3-week-old H. schachtii females and 75% of the hatch from 4-week-old females. Eggs within 5-week-old females were resistant to parasitism, and hatch of J2 was unaffected by exposure to DoUCR50. StM and ARF did not reduce the hatch of J2 from H. schachtii females of any age. Eggs removed from females and spread onto water agar cultures of the fungi were mostly resistant to parasitism. DoUCR50 parasitized only 16% of such eggs from 3-week-old females. Extracellular hydrolytic enzyme production by the three fungal strains grown on PDA or parasitized H. schachtii females was evaluated using API ZYM (bioMérieux) test strips. All three fungi produced extracellular hydrolytic enzymes when grown on PDA or H. schachtii females. Trypsin-like protease activity was uniquely detected in DoUCR50 grown on PDA and H. schachtii females, with the highest activity associated with the fungus grown on parasitized females.
Batch electrochemical coagulation of real textile wastewater using Cu-SS and SS-Cu electrode combinations and its settleability aspects
Authors: Srikantha Hanumanthappa , Shivaswamy Mahesh , Mahesh Sahana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCopper and stainless steel electrodes were used in batch electrochemical coagulation (BECC) for the treatment of real textile wastewater using 16 electrode combinations. Out of 16 Cu-SS and SS-Cu combinations (eight combinations each), only 4SS and 3SS-1Cu electrodes operated at cell voltage of 18 V and current density of 180 A/m2 gave maximum color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals. The COD removal was observed to be 89.37% for 4SS and 72.34% for 3SS 1Cu electrodes from CODo 3,012 mg/L. Color removal was 97% and 98% from its initial value of 1,000 Pt-Co unit for 4SS and 3SS-1Cu combinations. Water quality parameters like total dissolved solids, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, and sulphate reduced from their initial values while using all 4SS and 3SS-1Cu electrode arrangements. Other control factors exercised for optimal operations were ECC floc settling pattern and sludge volume index (SVI). SVI values were found to be &lt;100 mL/g for both electrode combinations.
Origanum vulgare L.: In vitro Assessment of Cytotoxicity, Molecular Docking Studies, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity in LPS Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells
Authors: Mir Reyaz H. , Sawhney Gifty , Verma Rohini , Ahmad Bilal , Kumar Parveen , Ranjana Soni , Bhagat Asha , Madishetti Sreedhar , Ahmed Zabeer , Jachak Sanjay M. , Choi Sangdun , Masoodi Mubashir H. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Inflammation involves a dynamic network that is highly regulated by signals that initiate
the inflammation process as well as signals that downregulate it. However, an imbalance between the two leads to
tissue damage. Throughout the world, inflammatory disease becomes common in the aging society. The drugs
which are used clinically have serious side effects. Natural products or compounds derived from natural products
show diversity in structure and play an important role in drug discovery and development.

Objective:
Oreganum Vulgare is used in traditional medicine for various ailments including respiratory and rheumatic
disorders, severe cold, suppression of tumors. The current study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory
potential by evaluating various in vitro parameters.

Methods:
Inflammation-induced in macrophages via LPS is the most accepted model for evaluating the antiinflammatory
activity of various plant extracts and lead compounds.

Results:
The extracts (OVEE, OVEAF) as well as the isolated compound(OVRA)of Oreganum Vulgare inhibit
the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and NO without affecting cell viability.

Conclusion:
Our study established that the leaf extracts of Oreganum vulgare L. exhibit anti-inflammatory activity
and thus confirm its importance in traditional medicine.
Anti-EGFR Binding Nanobody Delivery System to Improve the Diagnosis and Treatment of Solid Tumours
Authors: Wang Long , Zhang Gengyuan , Qin Long , Ye Huili , Wang Yan , Long Bo , Jiao Zuoyi 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and members of its homologous
protein family mediate transmembrane signal transduction by binding to a specific ligand,
which leads to regulated cell growth, differentiation, proliferation and metastasis. With the development
and application of Genetically Engineered Antibodies (GEAs), Nanobodies (Nbs) constitute a
new research hot spot in many diseases. A Nb is characterized by its low molecular weight, deep
tissue penetration, good solubility and high antigen-binding affinity, the anti-EGFR Nbs are of significance
for the diagnosis and treatment of EGFR-positive tumours.

Objective:
This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the information about the
molecular structure of EGFR and its transmembrane signal transduction mechanism, and discuss
the anti-EGFR-Nbs influence on the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumours.

Methods:
Data were obtained from PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. All patents are searched
from the following websites: the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO®), the United
States Patent Trademark Office (USPTO®) and Google Patents.

Results:
EGFR is a key target for regulating transmembrane signaling. The anti-EGFR-Nbs for targeted
drugs could effectively improve the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumours.

Conclusion:
EGFR plays a role in transmembrane signal transduction. The Nbs, especially anti-
EGFR-Nbs, have shown effectiveness in the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumours. How to increase
the affinity of Nb and reduce its immunogenicity remain a great challenge.
Patent Perspective on Orodispersible Films
Authors: Gupta Suresh , Kumar Tegginamath Pramod , Gowda Devegowda Vishakante 
Published: September 2020

:
The traditional oral dosage forms (tablets, capsules, syrups, and elixirs) suffer from various
disadvantages. They are pretty challenging to administer to patients with dysphagia, mucositis, and
vomiting tendency. Therefore, gaining patient compliance using conventional dosage forms is highly
cumbersome. One of the most transformative and innovative approaches to overcome such challenges
is Orodispersible Films, a Novel Drug Delivery System. They are easy to consume, no need to chew or
swallow and they do not even require water for consumption. Therefore, several drugs have been converted
into orodispersible films to gain patient compliance. With the advent of these film formulations,
new innovations are erupting and accordingly, companies in India are actively protecting them by filing
ordinary patent applications in India and internationally under the Patent Cooperation Treaty. Patenting
in India poses unique patentability challenges when compared with rest of the world. Nonetheless,
meeting all the challenges and obtaining a valid patent not only help in recouping the cost involved
in developing new drugs and its novel drug delivery systems but also helps in taking legal action
against alleged infringers. This review article identifies key active Indian players in the domain of
ODF based on their patent filings in India (and abroad) and also identifies the challenges they face to
obtain a grant.
A Multiscale Model to Study the Mechanical Properties of the Graphene, Boron Nitride and Silicon Carbide Hexagonal Nanosheets
Authors: Sun Yuzhou , Hu Yingying , Li Xinming 
Published: September 2020

Background:
It is very important to precisely comprehend nanosheet’s mechanical properties
for their future application, and the continuum-based methods play a vital role in this research
domain. But, most of continuum models doesn’t provide a systematical theory, and just display certain
property of nanostructures. The Cauchy-Born rule provides an alternative multiscale method, the
resulted model is not only less accurate, and but also doesn’t describe the bending effect.

Methods:
A nanosheet is viewed as a higher-order gradient continuum planar sheet, and the strain
energy density is thus a function of both the first- and second-order deformation gradient. The higher-
order Cauchy-Born rule is used to approximate the bond vectors in the representative cell, the
multiscale model is established by minimizing the cell energy, and the structural and mechanical
properties are thus obtained.

Results:
The obtained bond lengths are respectively 0.14507 nm, 0.14489 nm, 0.1816 nm for the
graphene, boron nitride and silicon carbide hexagonal nanosheets. The elastic constants, including
Young’s modulus, shear modulus, Poisson’s ratio and bending rigidity, are calculated by analyzing
the physical meaning of the first- and second-order strain gradients. The developed model can also be
used to study the nonlinear behavior of nanosheets under some simple loading situations, such as the
uniform tension, torsion and bending. The stress-strain relationship of nanosheets is presented for the
uniform tension/compression, and the three types of nannosheets exhibit better compressive resistance
far greater than tensile resistance.

Conclusion:
A reasonable multiscale model is established for the nanosheets by using the higherorder
Cauchy-Born rule that provides a good interlinking between the microscale and continuum descriptions.
It is proved that all three types of nannosheets shows the isotropic mechanical property.
The current model can be used to establish a global nonlinear numerical modeling method in which
the bending rigidity is the basic elastic constants same as the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio.
Mobile Ad Hoc Network Security Using Mean Field Game Theoretic
Threshold-Based Scheme
Authors: Chopra Khyati 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET’s) have recently attracted attention as it is independent of any
pre-existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. Security in MANET’s thus becomes a major concern due
to its open and dynamic architecture.

Objective:
We have introduced a dynamic mean field game theoretic approach to enable an individual node in MANETs
to make strategic security defense decisions without centralized administration.

Method:
The nodes in MANET’s act as a router to forward data packets and exchange routing information. Ad-hoc On
demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol is one of the standard MANET routing protocols which can be easily attacked
by the fraudulent nodes. The fraudulent nodes can be deceptive and mislead the transmission of data packets in the
network by providing shorter path and highest destination sequence number. Game theory finds wide application as a
statistical and mathematical tool to model such dynamic networks and provide security.

Results:
We have implemented mean field game theory for addressing security issue in MANET’s. Each node in this
dynamic distributed network, knows the information about its own state as well as the average reflection of the whole
mean field. The players can strategically make distributed security defense decisions under adverse conditions. Unlike
static threshold-based scheme for security, in our study the threshold is estimated dynamically. Each node checks whether
the received Route REPly (RREP) sequence number is higher than a dynamically updated threshold value.

Conclusion:
The comparative performance analysis of throughput (TR), packet delivery rate (PDR) and average cost
(AC) has been demonstrated. Game theory has a vital role to validate and justify the intuitive strategic actions taken by
each player to maximize their utility by playing optimal strategy. On the basis of the dynamic threshold calculated, the
higher throughput and PDR could be achieved by eliminating the misleading paths. Simulation results corroborate that our
dynamic mean field game theoretic scheme outperforms the static scheme.

Discussion:
A dynamic approach for mobile ad hoc networks is presented in this paper to improve the performance of the
network in hostile environment. We have introduced a dynamic mean field game theoretic approach to enable an
individual node in MANETs to make strategic security defense decisions without centralized administration. In this dynamic distributed network, each node in the proposed scheme only needs to know its own state information and the
average reflection of the whole mean field.