bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Different Propagation Methods of Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A. Richard Munro) in Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebretsion Kahsu , Abay Kiros 
Published: March 2020

Aims: The study was conducted with the aim to identify the appropriate propagation techniques of the Oxytenanthera abyssinica.
Study Design: Four different propagation techniques namely rhizomes, culm cuttings, direct seed sowing and seedlings were used. A randomized complete block design was used for studying different seed and vegetative propagation treatments. Four planting materials were planted in each plot and replicated four times.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was done in Tselemti district northwestern zone of Tigray national regional state from June 2016-January 2018.
Results: The survival rate was higher in the direct seed sowing (56.25%) and seedlings (43.75%) compared to that of the rhizome (12.50%) and culm cutting (0%). The numbers of the culms per clumps were significantly higher in seedlings (15.75), direct seed sowing (22) and rhizome (9) than the culm cutting (0) and also the average height of the culms were higher in rhizomes, seedlings, and direct seed sowings than the culm cutting (P<0.05). Significant lower diameter sizes were recorded in direct sowing and culm cuttings compared to the rhizome and seedlings.
Conclusion: The present study confirmed that the direct sowing and seedlings propagation techniques of Oxytenanthera abyssinica are more appropriate and recommended to use in the study area.
Fuzzy adaptive two‐bits‐triggered control for nonlinear uncertain system with input saturation and output constraint
Authors: Chen Zicong , Wang Jianhui , Ma Kemao , Huang Xing , Wang Tao 
Published: March 2020

SummaryIn this work, a fuzzy adaptive two‐bits‐triggered control is investigated for the nonlinear uncertain systems with input saturation and output constraint. The considered systems are more widespread. Without sufficient transmission resources, how to resolve the constraint issues while guarantee the control performance is difficult and challenging. Then, hyperbolic tangent function and barrier Lyapunov function are integrated with the designed auxiliary system to solve input saturation and output constraint. Meanwhile, faced with the transmission resources limitation, this work both considers the triggering condition and the control signal transmission bits. A two‐bits‐triggered control is proposed to economize the transmission resources. Furthermore, improved fuzzy logic systems are established to further promote the control performance. It combines with the time‐varying approximation error for processing. The boundedness of all the system signals can be proved. Simulation results illustrate the validity of the proposed approach.
Design, Data and Liveability: The Role of Technology Within the Future of an Expanded Profession
Authors: van Berkel Ben 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBen van Berkel, co‐founder of Amsterdam‐based UNStudio, believes that architectural practice has been invigorated by the myriad of cultural, societal and technologic parameters that a contemporary architect must consider. The practice recently formed a spinoff company, UNSense, to develop and commercialise technologies emerging out of UNStudio's smart city and smart environment projects. Here he describes some of the products, prototypes and startups the studio has developed to help tackle some of the important issues of our time: stress, urban water and climate change.
The Distractions of Disruptions: Technical Supply in an Era of Social Demand
Authors: Bernstein Phil 
Published: March 2020

AbstractArchitect and Associate Dean at the Yale School of Architecture, Phil Bernstein sees a tsunami of change brewing for the architectural profession, conditioned by artificial intelligence, big data, the ubiquitous cloud and robotics. Yet the delivery and procurement of buildings is often inhibited by pre‐digital structures of the construction industry. He argues that architects need to rethink their processes from first principles.
Architects = Innovators (sometimes) Innovators ≠ Entrepreneurs (most of the time)
Authors: Lynn Greg 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGreg Lynn, founder‐owner of Greg Lynn FORM and currently a professor at the University of Applied Arts Vienna and at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), has been at the forefront of the architectural digital revolution since the early 1990s. Here he explains why historically architects are not entrepreneurs, and implores them to think outside the box and innovate by stealing back and owning the digitised means of production for architecture, infrastructure and products.
Highly Sensitive and Easily Recoverable Excitonic Piezochromic Fluorescent Materials for Haptic Sensors and Anti‐Counterfeiting Applications
Authors: Man Zhongwei , Lv Zheng , Xu Zhenzhen , Liao Qing , Liu Jiaxin , Liu Yilang , Fu Liyuan , Liu Meihui , Bai Shuming , Fu Hongbing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPiezochromic fluorescent (PCF) materials with distinct multicolor switching have attracted wide attention in many fields such as optoelectronic devices and deformation detection. However, few PCF materials with low‐pressure stimuli and good recoverability have been reported. A highly sensitive and easily recoverable PCF molecular system that can switch between green (G) and orange (O) emissions upon an extremely low piezoresponsive (PR) of 0.5 MPa and heating at 120 °C is demonstrated. A mechanistic study combining X‐ray diffraction analysis and the theoretical calculations reveal that a slight change in slipping‐angle of π‐stacks induced by mechanical pressure amplifies the exciton couplings from G to O J‐aggregates, leading to not only distinct PCF switching but also high emission efficiencies >0.5 owing to superradiance of J‐aggregate excitons. Benefiting from low MPa PR, high emission efficiency, and good recoverability applications including haptic sensors and anti‐counterfeiting application are demonstrated. This research introduces the effect of stimuli‐responsive excitonic coupling as new design guidance for developing PCF materials with low‐pressure stimuli, high emission efficiency, and good recoverability.
Metallic n‐Type Mg3Sb2 Single Crystals Demonstrate the Absence of Ionized Impurity Scattering and Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Imasato Kazuki , Fu Chenguang , Pan Yu , Wood Max , Kuo Jimmy Jiahong , Felser Claudia , Snyder G. Jeffrey 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMg3(Sb,Bi)2 alloys have recently been discovered as a competitive alternative to the state‐of‐the‐art n‐type Bi2(Te,Se)3 thermoelectric alloys. Previous theoretical studies predict that single crystals Mg3(Sb,Bi)2 can exhibit higher thermoelectric performance near room temperature by eliminating grain boundary resistance. However, the intrinsic Mg defect chemistry makes it challenging to grow n‐type Mg3(Sb,Bi)2 single crystals. Here, the first thermoelectric properties of n‐type Te‐doped Mg3Sb2 single crystals, synthesized by a combination of Sb‐flux method and Mg‐vapor annealing, is reported. The electrical conductivity and carrier mobility of single crystals exhibit a metallic behavior with a typical T−1.5 dependence, indicating that phonon scattering dominates the charge carrier transport. The absence of any evidence of ionized impurity scattering in Te‐doped Mg3Sb2 single crystals proves that the thermally activated mobility previously observed in polycrystalline materials is caused by grain boundary resistance. Eliminating this grain boundary resistance in the single crystals results in a large enhancement of the weighted mobility and figure of merit zT by more than 100% near room temperature. This work experimentally demonstrates the accurate understanding of charge‐carrier scattering is crucial for developing high‐performance thermoelectric materials and indicates that single‐crystalline Mg3(Sb,Bi)2 solid solutions can exhibit higher zT compared to polycrystalline samples.
Biomineral Precursor Formation Is Initiated by Transporting Calcium and Phosphorus Clusters from the Endoplasmic Reticulum to Mitochondria
Authors: Tang Cuizhu , Wei Yan , Gu Lin , Zhang Qinghua , Li Mei , Yuan Guohua , He Yuan , Huang Li , Liu Yan , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMineral granules in the mitochondria of bone‐forming cells are thought to be the origin of biomineral precursors, which are transported to extracellular matrices to initiate cell‐mediated biomineralization. However, no evidence has revealed how mitochondrial granules form. This study indicates that mitochondrial granules are initiated by transporting calcium and phosphorus clusters from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria based on detailed observations of the continuous process of mouse parietal bone development as well as in vitro biomineralization in bone‐forming cells. Nanosized biomineral precursors (≈30 nm in diameter), which originate from mitochondrial granules, initiate intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen as early as embryonic day 14.5. Both in vivo and in vitro studies further reveal that formation of mitochondrial granules is induced by the ER. Elevated levels of intracellular calcium or phosphate ions, which can be induced by treatment with ionomycin and black phosphorus, respectively, accelerate formation of the calcium and phosphorus clusters on ER membranes and ultimately promote biomineralization. These findings provide a novel insight into biomineralization and bone formation.
Kentucky bluegrass and bermudagrass rooting response to humic fertilizers during greenhouse establishment
Authors: Lindsey Alex J. , Thoms Adam W. , Christians Nick E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGreenhouse research was conducted to examine effects of adding humic products to fertilizers on turfgrass. The objective of this study was to determine if the addition of humic products to fertilizers will increase turfgrass root and shoot morphological parameters. Kentucky bluegrass (KBG; Poa pratensis L.) and bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] were established in sand‐filled tubes. Treatments included synthetic fertilizer with black gypsum (22N‐0P‐3.3K, 30% gypsum and 4.7% humic acid), polymer‐coated humic‐coated urea (PCHCU; 2% humic acid), urea with humic dispersing granules (HDG; 70% humic acid), starter fertilizer (18N‐10.5P‐10K) with HDG, starter fertilizer, stabilized nitrogen, urea, and a control group. Fertilizers were applied at 48.8 kg N ha−1 and HDG was applied at 44.4 kg ha−1. Starter fertilizer and starter fertilizer with HDG increased KBG total root length (105 and 112%), root biomass (232 and 244%), and shoot biomass (205 and 204%) compared with urea. In KBG, PCHCU and urea with HDG increased total root length (37 and 20%) compared with urea. In bermudagrass, starter fertilizer and starter fertilizer with HDG increased total root length (241 and 248%), root biomass (672 and 707%), and shoot biomass (821 and 808%) relative to urea. Besides treatments with starter fertilizer, no treatments were different from urea for bermudagrass. These results suggest that starter fertilizer application is critical to turfgrass rooting at establishment. Adding humic products to the starter fertilizer did not increase rooting. In the absence of a starter fertilizer, PCHCU and urea with HDG improved KBG total root length compared with urea.
A rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding: Duodenal arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Su Chang‐Cheng , Yang Tzu‐Wei , Tsai Ming‐Chang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractArteriovenous malformations are a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopic examination can result in a variety of findings, and diagnosis and therapeutic management are uniquely challenging. We present an 83‐year‐old man with a history of hypertension and a 1‐month history of intermittent tarry stools. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed one bulging mass with pulsation in the second portion of the duodenum which was confirmed as a duodenal arteriovenous malformation by angiography. The mass was initially embolized successfully, but subsequent surgical intervention was necessary due to recurrent bleeding eight months after the embolization. A relevant review of English medical literature was also performed in the text.
Oscillating flow bioreactors: An enabling technology for sustainable biorefining operations?
Authors: Muster‐Slawitsch Bettina , Buchmaier Judith , Brunner Christoph , Nidetzky Bernd , Gudiminchi Rama K. , Harvey Adam P. , Phan Anh N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work a novel reactor is evaluated on its potential to intensify biobased processing via a novel potentially continuous enzymatic hydrolysis process. An oscillatory flow bioreactor is applied in batch and recirculating mode, the latter mimicking the flow pattern of a continuous process. The recirculating mode operation can intensify cellulose conversion to hydrolyzed sugar liquid significantly, namely with enabling high solid processing and reaching >10% higher cellulose conversion than the respective operation in batch mode. Resulting sugar concentrations reach >90 mg/mL with the potential to enable the elimination of further concentration steps in down‐stream processing, having a positive impact on the overall efficiency and sustainability of further processing steps to biofuels or biochemicals.
The nido‐Cage⋅⋅⋅π Bond: A Non‐covalent Interaction between Boron Clusters and Aromatic Rings and Its Applications
Authors: Tu Deshuang , Yan Hong , Poater Jordi , Solà Miquel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNon‐covalent interactions involving multicenter multielectron skeletons such as boron clusters are rare. Now, a non‐covalent interaction, the nido‐cage⋅⋅⋅π bond, is discovered based on the boron cluster C2B9H12− and an aromatic π system. The X‐ray diffraction studies indicate that the nido‐cage⋅⋅⋅π bonding presents parallel‐displaced or T‐shaped geometries. The contacting distance between cage and π ring varies with the type and the substituent of the aromatic ring. Theoretical calculations reveal that this nido‐cage⋅⋅⋅π bond shares a similar nature to the conventional anion⋅⋅⋅π or π⋅⋅⋅π bonds found in classical aromatic ring systems. This nido‐cage⋅⋅⋅π interaction induces variable photophysical properties such as aggregation‐induced emission and aggregation‐caused quenching in one molecule. This work offers an overall understanding towards the boron cluster‐based non‐covalent bond and opens a door to investigate its properties.
Polyphenol‐Mediated Assembly of Proteins for Engineering Functional Materials
Authors: Han Yiyuan , Lin Zhixing , Zhou Jiajing , Yun Gyeongwon , Guo Rui , Richardson Joseph J. , Caruso Frank 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFunctional materials composed of proteins have attracted much interest owing to the inherent and diverse functionality of proteins. However, establishing general techniques for assembling proteins into nanomaterials is challenging owing to the complex physicochemical nature and potential denaturation of proteins. Here, a simple, versatile strategy is introduced to fabricate functional protein assemblies through the interfacial assembly of proteins and polyphenols (e.g., tannic acid) on various substrates (organic, inorganic, and biological). The dominant interactions (hydrogen‐bonding, hydrophobic, and ionic) between the proteins and tannic acid were elucidated; most proteins undergo multiple noncovalent stabilizing interactions with polyphenols, which can be used to engineer responsiveness into the assemblies. The proteins retain their structure and function within the assemblies, thereby enabling their use in various applications (e.g., catalysis, fluorescence imaging, and cell targeting).
Event‐triggered stabilization for continuous‐time saturating Markov jump systems with generally uncertain transition rates
Authors: Li Hongchao , Liu Xinzhou , Liu Jiao , Yang Peng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the stabilization for continuous‐time saturating Markov jump system with generally uncertain transition rates (GUTRs) under event‐triggered strategy. In the GUTRs model, the transition rate could be unknown or only its estimated value and estimated error bound are known. In practical systems, actuator saturation commonly exists, which may lead to instability. Event‐triggered strategy is introduced in Markov jump systems to save communication resources. A stochastic stabilization condition is derived for the underlying system considering event‐triggered control and the lower bound of the inter‐event time interval is calculated to avoid Zeno behavior. To obtain the biggest domain of attraction, an optimization algorithm is formulated. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the application of the given results.
Bemessung von Stabdübelverbindungen in Buchen‐Brettschichtholz
Authors: Franke Steffen , Franke Bettina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFür den weiten Einsatz von Laubholzprodukten, wie Brettschichtholz (BSH) aus Buche, müssen für die Bemessung alle relevanten Eigenschaften der Produkte sowie auch der Verbindungen bekannt sein. Vorhandene normative Regelungen basieren vorrangig auf Untersuchungen an Nadelholz und sind bis dato noch nicht umfassend für Laubholz geprüft. Die hier dargelegten Ergebnisse beziehen sich auf Anschlüsse mit Stabdübeln. Das durchgeführte Prüfprogramm unterteilt sich in Prüfungen zur Festlegung der Vorbohrdurchmesser für ein optimales Einbringverhalten und zur Bewertung der Bemessungsregeln zur Bestimmung der Tragfähigkeit. Das Prüfprogramm gliedert sich in klein‐ und großformatige Prüfserien mit praxisrelevanten Querschnittsgrößen und Beanspruchungen (Mehrschlitzblechverbindungen bis ca. 1 500 kN) mit Variation der Rand‐ und Verbindungsmittelabstände, der Holzdicken, der Anzahl der Verbindungsmittel und der Durchmesser.Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Tragverhalten dieser Verbindungen in Buchen‐BSH mit den bisher verwendeten Bemessungsansätzen nach SIA 265:2012 oder SN EN 1955‐1‐1:2014 sehr gut korrelieren. Mit Anpassung der verwendeten Materialparameter und Einführung des Seileffekts können so die bisherig rechnerisch unterschätzten Traglasten der Normen ausgeglichen werden. Aus den Ergebnissen konnten Empfehlungen für die Ausführung abgeleitet werden. Basis hierfür war das Einhalten einer hohen Duktilität. Eine Erstveröffentlichung erfolgte in 2019.
Ermüdung von Verbunddübelleisten
Authors: Christou Georgios , Ungermann Jan , Wolters Kevin , Hegger Josef , Claßen Martin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDer Einsatz von Verbunddübelleisten gewinnt sowohl im Hoch‐ als auch im Ingenieurbau immer mehr an Bedeutung. Neben der hohen Tragfähigkeit und Steifigkeit der Verbunddübelleisten zählt das gegenüber geschweißten Kopfbolzendübeln deutlich gutmütigere Tragverhalten unter zyklischer Beanspruchung zu ihren wichtigsten Vorteilen. Demzufolge ist der Einsatz dieser innovativen Verbundmittel im Brückenbau besonders vielversprechend. Die bisherigen Regelungen für die Ermüdungsbemessung von Verbunddübelleisten wurden allerdings aufgrund der geringen experimentellen Datenbasis konservativ gewählt, sodass das vorteilhafte zyklische Tragverhalten rechnerisch bisher noch nicht vollständig in Ansatz gebracht werden kann. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags wird das Tragverhalten von Verbunddübelleisten unter zyklischen Beanspruchungen anhand experimenteller Erkenntnisse detailliert analysiert. Aufbauend hierauf wird ein Modell zur Abschätzung der Lebensdauer der Verbunddübelleisten vorgeschlagen.
Minimalinvasive Fugensanierung
Authors: Mähner Dietmar , Basler Felix , Hausmann Matthias , Lengers Jacob 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der minimalinvasiven Fugensanierung, einer neuen Sanierungsmethode für undichte Fugen mit Fugenbändern. Dabei wird ein neu entwickeltes Sanierungswerkzeug („Injektionsbohrnadel“) durch die Fugendichtung gebohrt, über welches im Anschluss eine Dichtmittelinjektion erfolgen kann. In einem Forschungsprojekt wurden dabei diverse Untersuchungen mit Injektionsbohrnadeln an verschiedenen Fugenarten und Fugenbändern durchgeführt. Nachfolgend wird ein kurzer Überblick über die durchgeführten Untersuchungen sowie ermittelte Chancen und Risiken der Injektionsbohrnadeln für die verschiedenen Anwendungsgebiete dargelegt.
Adaptive seamless clinical trials using early outcomes for treatment or subgroup selection: Methods, simulation model and their implementation in R
Authors: Friede Tim , Stallard Nigel , Parsons Nicholas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAdaptive seamless designs combine confirmatory testing, a domain of phase III trials, with features such as treatment or subgroup selection, typically associated with phase II trials. They promise to increase the efficiency of development programmes of new drugs, for example, in terms of sample size and/or development time. It is well acknowledged that adaptive designs are more involved from a logistical perspective and require more upfront planning, often in the form of extensive simulation studies, than conventional approaches. Here, we present a framework for adaptive treatment and subgroup selection using the same notation, which links the somewhat disparate literature on treatment selection on one side and on subgroup selection on the other. Furthermore, we introduce a flexible and efficient simulation model that serves both designs. As primary endpoints often take a long time to observe, interim analyses are frequently informed by early outcomes. Therefore, all methods presented accommodate interim analyses informed by either the primary outcome or an early outcome. The R package asd, previously developed to simulate designs with treatment selection, was extended to include subgroup selection (so‐called adaptive enrichment designs). Here, we describe the functionality of the R package asd and use it to present some worked‐up examples motivated by clinical trials in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and oncology. The examples both illustrate various features of the R package and provide insights into the operating characteristics of adaptive seamless studies.