bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentence repetition with bilinguals with and without DLD: Differential effects of memory, vocabulary, and exposure
Authors: Pratt Amy S. , Peña Elizabeth D. , Bedore Lisa M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThough previous research has shown that sentence repetition (SR) is an informative tool for identifying developmental language disorder (DLD) in bilinguals, little is understood about the skills that underlie children's performance on the task. With a population of 136 school-age Spanish–English bilinguals, the present study explores the contribution of verbal short-term memory, vocabulary, and language exposure on two SR tasks developed in English and Spanish. Results indicate that these skills may differentially underlie SR in typical versus disordered populations. Whereas the strongest predictors of English SR performance for typical bilingual children were expressive vocabulary and language exposure, bilingual children with DLD relied most heavily on verbal short-term memory. ROC curves to determine the classification accuracy of SR were conducted. Classification accuracy was excellent, with area under the curve reaching .92 for the English SR task and .87 for Spanish SR.
Post IORT seroma complication in breast cancer surgery
Authors: Abdel Hadi Maha , Al-Muhanna Afnan , Abu Arida Lina , Lutfi Dina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground:Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) has gained popularity over recent years due to its impact on shortening the radiotherapy treatment time for early breast cancer. It has certainly proven effective as an exclusive treatment or when combined with whole breast irradiation (WBIR). Seroma is a common non-life-threatening complication that may delay treatment and impose challenges on radiological diagnostic follow-up.Aim:To review and compare the occurrence of seroma in patients who received exclusive IORT or when combined with WBIR and to outline the diagnostic challenges encountered during radiological follow-up.Materials and methods:Based on strict selection criteria, all eligible patients who received IORT ± WBIR treatment between 2012 and 2019 in a university hospital setting were included. Demographic data, histological diagnosis, tumour size, tumour grade, lymphovascular invasion, nodal status, receptor status, treatment with neoadjuvant hormonal chemotherapy, applicator size, dose used, duration of radiotherapy treatment, timing of seroma development and duration of seroma were documented. Both clinical and radiological follow-up were exercised in all patients.Results:The total number of patients treated with breast conserving surgery (BCS) and IORT was 86. Age ranged between 31 and 75 years with the median age of 51 years. Patients treated exclusively with IORT were 39 (45%) while those who received the IORT as a boost were 47 (55%). Seroma was observed in 39(45%) of both IORT and IORT\WBIR patients. Those included 15(38%) of the exclusive IORT treated patients and 24 (62%) of those treated as a boost. Duration of asymptomatic seroma ranged from 6 months to 6 years. Repeated aspiration was performed in 2 (5%) patients. Postoperative seroma occurred independent of age histological diagnosis, tumour size, tumour grade, lymphovascular invasion, nodal status, receptor status, treatment with neoadjuvant hormonal\chemotherapy, applicator size, dose used or duration of radiotherapy treatment. All reviewed patients have shown increased risk of developing seroma; however, an increased incidence of seroma in the IORT + WBIR treated patients was higher than those who received exclusive IORT treatment.Conclusion:Postoperative seroma is a common non-life-threatening entity that occasionally may lead to delay in the subsequent treatment plan. IORT is a safe modality with many benefits; however, it may increase the risk of seroma formation independent of the clinical parameters. Promoting the expertise in post IORT breast imaging aids in overcoming diagnostic challenges.
Mortality forecasting using a Lexis-based state-space model
Authors: Andersson Patrik , Lindholm Mathias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new method of forecasting mortality is introduced. The method is based on the continuous-time dynamics of the Lexis diagram, which given weak assumptions implies that the death count data are Poisson distributed. The underlying mortality rates are modelled with a hidden Markov model (HMM) which enables a fully likelihood-based inference. Likelihood inference is done by particle filter methods, which avoids approximating assumptions and also suggests natural model validation measures. The proposed model class contains as special cases many previous models with the important difference that the HMM methods make it possible to estimate the model efficiently. Another difference is that the population and latent variable variability can be explicitly modelled and estimated. Numerical examples show that the model performs well and that inefficient estimation methods can severely affect forecasts.
A community-based intervention to prevent serious complications and death 2 years after discharge in people with spinal cord injury in Bangladesh (CIVIC): a randomised trial
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Sohrab , Harvey Lisa A. , Islam Md. Shofiqul , Rahman Md. Akhlasur , Muldoon Stephen , Biering-Sorensen Fin , Jan Stephen , Liu Hueiming , Li Qiang , Cameron Ian D. , Taylor Valerie , Lindley Richard I. , Billot Laurent , Herbert Robert D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Study design
Randomised controlled trial.

Objectives
To determine the effectiveness of a sustainable community-based intervention designed to prevent serious complications and death 2 years after discharge in people with spinal cord injury in Bangladesh.

Setting
Bangladesh.

Methods
A pragmatic randomised controlled trial was undertaken. People who had sustained a spinal cord injury in the preceding 2 years, were wheelchair-dependent, and were about to be discharged from hospital in Bangladesh were recruited and randomised to an Intervention or Control group using a concealed allocation procedure stratified by level of lesion (tetraplegia/paraplegia). Participants in the Intervention group received 36 phone calls and three home visits over the first 2 years following discharge. All participants received usual post-discharge care. Survival status and date of death were determined by blinded assessors 2 years after randomisation.

Results
Between July 2015 and March 2018, 410 participants were randomised (204 to Intervention, 206 to Control). There was no loss to follow up. At 2 years, 15 (7.4%) participants in the Intervention group and 16 (7.8%) participants in the Control group had died (hazard ratio from unadjusted Cox model = 0.93 [95% CI, 0.46 to 1.89]; p from log rank test 0.85). There were no clinically important or statistically significant average causal effects of intervention on the incidence or severity of complications.

Conclusion
A program of community-based care for people with recent spinal cord injury in Bangladesh involving frequent phone contact and occasional in-person contact with a health professional after discharge from hospital is no better at preventing death at 2 years than usual care.
Reduction in MLKL-mediated endosomal trafficking enhances the TRAIL-DR4/5 signal to increase cancer cell death
Authors: Park Se-Yeon , Park Han-Hee , Park Sang-Yeong , Hong Sun Mi , Yoon Seongmin , Morgan Michael J. , Kim You-Sun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is an essential molecule of necroptosis, a cell death process that is initiated by direct disruption of the plasma membrane. During necroptosis, MLKL is phosphorylated by receptor interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3 or RIP3), and then translocates to the plasma membrane to disrupt membrane integrity. Recent data suggest that MLKL also has a RIP3-indendent function in the generation of intraluminal and extracellular vesicles (EVs), as well as in myelin sheath breakdown when promoting sciatic nerve regeneration. Here we show that depletion of MLKL enhances TRAIL-induced cell death in a RIP3-independent manner. Depletion of MLKL leads to prolonged cytotoxic signals that increase TRAIL-induced cell death. Initially, TRAIL binds to DR5 at the cell surface and is endocytosed at similar rates in MLKL-expressing and MLKL-depleted cells, eventual degradation of intracellular TRAIL by the lysosome is delayed in MLKL-depleted cells, corresponding with prolonged/enhanced intracellular signals such as p-ERK and p-p38 in these cells. Colocalization of TRAIL with the marker of early endosomes, EEA1 suggests that TRAIL is accumulated in early endosomes in MLKL-depleted cells compared to MLKL-expressing cells. This indicates that depletion of MLKL reduces receptor-ligand endosomal trafficking leading to increased TRAIL-cytotoxicity. An MLKL mutant that compromises its necroptotic function and its function in the generation of EVs was sufficient to rescue MLKL deficiency, suggesting that the N-terminal structural elements necessary for these functions are not required for the function of MLKL in the intracellular trafficking associated with regulating death receptor cytotoxicity. A reduction in MLKL expression in cancer cells would therefore be expected to result in enhanced TRAIL-induced therapeutic efficacy.
Distinct superconducting properties and hydrostatic pressure effects in 2D α- and β-Mo2C crystal sheets
Authors: Fan Yunjie , Xu Chuan , Liu Xiang , Ma Chao , Yin Yuewei , Cheng Hui-Ming , Ren Wencai , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecently, 2D Mo2C, a new member of the MXene family, has attracted much attention due to the exotic superconducting properties discovered in 2D α-Mo2C. Here, not only 2D α-Mo2C but also 2D β-Mo2C crystal sheets with distinct disordered carbon distributions were successfully grown. 2D β-Mo2C shows a much stronger superconductivity than 2D α-Mo2C, and their superconductivities have different hydrostatic pressure responses. The superconducting transition temperature Tc of 2D α-Mo2C shows a dome-shaped profile under pressure, implying the existence of two competing effects arising from phononic and electronic properties, while for 2D β-Mo2C, Tc decreases monotonically with increasing pressure, possibly due to phonon stiffening. These results indicate that the electronic properties have a more important influence on the superconductivity in 2D α-Mo2C compared to 2D β-Mo2C. The ordered and disordered carbon distributions in 2D α-Mo2C and β-Mo2C, respectively, may be the underlying origin for their different electronic and superconducting properties.
Ecosystem-based fisheries management forestalls climate-driven collapse
Authors: Holsman K. K. , Haynie A. C. , Hollowed A. B. , Reum J. C. P. , Aydin K. , Hermann A. J. , Cheng W. , Faig A. , Ianelli J. N. , Kearney K. A. , Punt A. E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClimate change is impacting fisheries worldwide with uncertain outcomes for food and nutritional security. Using management strategy evaluations for key US fisheries in the eastern Bering Sea we find that Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) measures forestall future declines under climate change over non-EBFM approaches. Yet, benefits are species-specific and decrease markedly after 2050. Under high-baseline carbon emission scenarios (RCP 8.5), end-of-century (2075–2100) pollock and Pacific cod fisheries collapse in >70% and >35% of all simulations, respectively. Our analysis suggests that 2.1–2.3 °C (modeled summer bottom temperature) is a tipping point of rapid decline in gadid biomass and catch. Multiyear stanzas above 2.1 °C become commonplace in projections from ~2030 onward, with higher agreement under RCP 8.5 than simulations with moderate carbon mitigation (i.e., RCP 4.5). We find that EBFM ameliorates climate change impacts on fisheries in the near-term, but long-term EBFM benefits are limited by the magnitude of anticipated change.
Spatial validation reveals poor predictive performance of large-scale ecological mapping models
Authors: Ploton Pierre , Mortier Frédéric , Réjou-Méchain Maxime , Barbier Nicolas , Picard Nicolas , Rossi Vivien , Dormann Carsten , Cornu Guillaume , Viennois Gaëlle , Bayol Nicolas , Lyapustin Alexei , Gourlet-Fleury Sylvie , Pélissier Raphaël 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMapping aboveground forest biomass is central for assessing the global carbon balance. However, current large-scale maps show strong disparities, despite good validation statistics of their underlying models. Here, we attribute this contradiction to a flaw in the validation methods, which ignore spatial autocorrelation (SAC) in data, leading to overoptimistic assessment of model predictive power. To illustrate this issue, we reproduce the approach of large-scale mapping studies using a massive forest inventory dataset of 11.8 million trees in central Africa to train and validate a random forest model based on multispectral and environmental variables. A standard nonspatial validation method suggests that the model predicts more than half of the forest biomass variation, while spatial validation methods accounting for SAC reveal quasi-null predictive power. This study underscores how a common practice in big data mapping studies shows an apparent high predictive power, even when predictors have poor relationships with the ecological variable of interest, thus possibly leading to erroneous maps and interpretations.
Global phosphorus shortage will be aggravated by soil erosion
Authors: Alewell Christine , Ringeval Bruno , Ballabio Cristiano , Robinson David A. , Panagos Panos , Borrelli Pasquale 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSoil phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural systems will limit food and feed production in the future. Here, we combine spatially distributed global soil erosion estimates (only considering sheet and rill erosion by water) with spatially distributed global P content for cropland soils to assess global soil P loss. The world’s soils are currently being depleted in P in spite of high chemical fertilizer input. Africa (not being able to afford the high costs of chemical fertilizer) as well as South America (due to non-efficient organic P management) and Eastern Europe (for a combination of the two previous reasons) have the highest P depletion rates. In a future world, with an assumed absolute shortage of mineral P fertilizer, agricultural soils worldwide will be depleted by between 4–19 kg ha−1 yr−1, with average losses of P due to erosion by water contributing over 50% of total P losses.
Spatial expression analyses of the putative oncogene ciRS-7 in cancer reshape the microRNA sponge theory
Authors: Kristensen Lasse S. , Ebbesen Karoline K. , Sokol Martin , Jakobsen Theresa , Korsgaard Ulrik , Eriksen Ann C. , Hansen Thomas B. , Kjems Jørgen , Hager Henrik 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently gained substantial attention in the cancer research field where most, including the putative oncogene ciRS-7 (CDR1as), have been proposed to function as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) by sponging specific microRNAs. Here, we report the first spatially resolved cellular expression patterns of ciRS-7 in colon cancer and show that ciRS-7 is completely absent in the cancer cells, but highly expressed in stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, our data suggest that this generally apply to classical oncogene-driven adenocarcinomas, but not to other cancers, including malignant melanoma. Moreover, we find that correlations between circRNA and mRNA expression, which are commonly interpreted as evidence of a ceRNA function, can be explained by different cancer-to-stromal cell ratios among the studied tumor specimens. Together, these results have wide implications for future circRNA studies and highlight the importance of spatially resolving expression patterns of circRNAs proposed to function as ceRNAs.
Indirect regulation of HMGB1 release by gasdermin D
Authors: Volchuk Allen , Ye Anna , Chi Leon , Steinberg Benjamin E. , Goldenberg Neil M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe protein high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is released into the extracellular space in response to many inflammatory stimuli, where it is a potent signaling molecule. Although research has focused on downstream HMGB1 signaling, the means by which HMGB1 exits the cell is controversial. Here we demonstrate that HMGB1 is not released from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. We also explore whether HMGB1 is released via the pore-forming protein gasdermin D after inflammasome activation, as is the case for IL-1β. HMGB1 is only released under conditions that cause cell lysis (pyroptosis). When pyroptosis is prevented, HMGB1 is not released, despite inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion. During endotoxemia, gasdermin D knockout mice secrete HMGB1 normally, yet secretion of IL-1β is completely blocked. Together, these data demonstrate that in vitro HMGB1 release after inflammasome activation occurs after cellular rupture, which is probably inflammasome-independent in vivo.
Just ten percent of the global terrestrial protected area network is structurally connected via intact land
Authors: Ward Michelle , Saura Santiago , Williams Brooke , Ramírez-Delgado Juan Pablo , Arafeh-Dalmau Nur , Allan James R. , Venter Oscar , Dubois Grégoire , Watson James E. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLand free of direct anthropogenic disturbance is considered essential for achieving biodiversity conservation outcomes but is rapidly eroding. In response, many nations are increasing their protected area (PA) estates, but little consideration is given to the context of the surrounding landscape. This is despite the fact that structural connectivity between PAs is critical in a changing climate and mandated by international conservation targets. Using a high-resolution assessment of human pressure, we show that while ~40% of the terrestrial planet is intact, only 9.7% of Earth’s terrestrial protected network can be considered structurally connected. On average, 11% of each country or territory’s PA estate can be considered connected. As the global community commits to bolder action on abating biodiversity loss, placement of future PAs will be critical, as will an increased focus on landscape-scale habitat retention and restoration efforts to ensure those important areas set aside for conservation outcomes will remain (or become) connected.
Systematic analysis of gut microbiota in pregnant women and its correlations with individual heterogeneity
Authors: Yang Hongling , Guo Ruochun , Li Shaochuan , Liang Fang , Tian Cheng , Zhao Xueqin , Long Yan , Liu Fei , Jiang Min , Zhang Yu , Ma Jun , Peng Mengni , Zhang Siyi , Ye Weitao , Gan Qiangsheng , Zeng Fangling , Mao Shanliang , Liang Qihua , Ma Xiaodong , Han Mengru , Gao Fei , Yang Rentao , Zhang Cheng , Xiao Lulu , Qin Junjie , Li Shenghui , Zhu Chunyan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe woman’s gut microbiota during pregnancy may support nutrient acquisition, is associated with diseases, and has been linked to infant health. However, there is limited information on gut microbial characteristics and dependence in pregnant women. In this study, we provide a comprehensive overview of the gut microbial characteristics of 1479 pregnant women using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples. We identify a core microbiota of pregnant women, which displays a similar overall structure to that of age-matched nonpregnant women. Our data show that the gestational age-associated variation in the gut microbiota, from the ninth week of gestation to antepartum, is relatively limited. Building upon rich metadata, we reveal a set of exogenous and intrinsic host factors that are highly correlated with the variation in gut microbial community composition and function. These microbiota covariates are concentrated in basic host properties (e.g., age and residency status) and blood clinical parameters, suggesting that individual heterogeneity is the major force shaping the gut microbiome during pregnancy. Moreover, we identify microbial and functional markers that are associated with age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, residency status, and pre-pregnancy and gestational diseases. The gut microbiota during pregnancy is also different between women with high or low gestational weight gain. Our study demonstrates the structure, gestational age-associated variation, and associations with host factors of the gut microbiota during pregnancy and strengthens the understanding of microbe–host interactions. The results from this study offer new materials and prospects for gut microbiome research in clinical and diagnostic fields.
Appropriate reference region selection of 18F-florbetaben and 18F-flutemetamol beta-amyloid PET expressed in Centiloid
Authors: Cho Soo Hyun , Choe Yeong Sim , Park Seongbeom , Kim Young Ju , Kim Hee Jin , Jang Hyemin , Kim Seung Joo , Kim Jun Pyo , Jung Young Hee , Kim Byeong C. , Na Duk L. , Moon Seung Hwan , Seo Sang Won 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Centiloid (CL) is a method for standardizing amyloid beta (Aβ) quantification through different ligands and methods. To find the most appropriate reference region to reduce the variance in the Aβ CL unit between 18F-florbetaben (FBB) and 18F-flutemetamol (FMM), we conducted head-to-head comparisons from 56 participants using the direct comparison of FBB-FMM CL (dcCL) method with four reference regions: cerebellar gray (CG), whole cerebellum (WC), WC with brainstem (WC + B), and pons. The FBB and FMM dcCL units were highly correlated in four reference regions: WC (R2 = 0.97), WC + B (R2 = 0.98), CG (R2 = 0.92), and pons (R2 = 0.98). WC showed the largest effect size in both FBB and FMM. Comparison of the variance of the dcCL values within the young control group showed that with FBB, WC + B had the smallest variance and with FMM, the WC had the smallest variance. Additionally, WC + B showed the smallest absolute difference between FBB and FMM, followed by the WC, pons, and CG. We found that it would be reasonable to use the WC or WC + B as the reference region when converting FBB and FMM SUVRs into dcCL, which can increase the accuracy of standardizing FBB and FMM PET results.
Spatial attention and representation of time intervals in childhood
Authors: Magnani Barbara , Musetti Alessandro , Frassinetti Francesca 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpatial attention and spatial representation of time are strictly linked in the human brain. In young adults, a leftward shift of spatial attention by prismatic adaptation (PA), is associated with an underestimation whereas a rightward shift is associated with an overestimation of time both for visual and auditory stimuli. These results suggest a supra-modal representation of time left-to-right oriented that is modulated by a bilateral attentional shift. However, there is evidence of unilateral, instead of bilateral, effects of PA on time in elderly adults suggesting an influence of age on these effects. Here we studied the effects of spatial attention on time representation focusing on childhood. Fifty-four children aged from 5 to 11 years-old performed a temporal bisection task with visual and auditory stimuli before and after PA inducing a leftward or a rightward attentional shift. Results showed that children underestimated time after a leftward attentional shift either for visual or auditory stimuli, whereas a rightward attentional shift had null effect on time. Our results are discussed as a partial maturation of the link between spatial attention and time representation in childhood, due to immaturity of interhemispheric interactions or of executive functions necessary for the attentional complete influence on time representation.