bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase Enlargement of Semi-Markov Systems without Determining Stationary Distribution of Embedded Markov Chain
Authors: Kopp Vadim ,  Zamoryonov Mikhail , Chalenkov Nikita , Skatkov Ivan 
Published: June 2020

A phase enlargement of semi-Markov systems that does not require determining stationary distribution of the embedded Markov chain is considered. Phase enlargement is an equivalent replacement of a semi-Markov system with a common phase state space by a system with a discrete state space. Finding the stationary distribution of an embedded Markov chain for a system with a continuous phase state space is one of the most time-consuming and not always solvable stage, since in some cases it leads to a solution of integral equations with kernels containing sum and difference of variables.
For such equations there is only a particular solution and there are no general solutions to date. For this purpose a lemma on a type of a distribution function of the difference of two random variables, provided that the first variable is greater than the subtracted variable, is used.
It is shown that the type of the distribution function of difference of two random variables under the indicated condition depends on one constant, which is determined by a numerical method of solving the equation presented in the lemma.
Based on the lemma, a theorem on the difference of a random variable and a complicated recovery flow is built up. The use of this method is demonstrated by the example of modeling a technical system consisting of two series-connected process cells, provided that both cells cannot fail simultaneously. The distribution functions of the system residence times in enlarged states, as well as in a subset of working and non-working states, are determined. The simulation results are compared by the considered and classical method proposed by V. Korolyuk, showed the complete coincidence of the sought quantities.
Complex of Models for Network Security Assessment of Industrial Automated Control Systems
Authors: Fatkieva Roza 
Published: June 2020

The modern enterprises apply network technologies to their automated industrial control systems. Along with advantages of the above approach the risk of network attacks on automated control systems increases significantly. Hence there is an urgent need to develop automated monitoring means being capable of unauthorized access detection and of an adequate response to it. The enterprise security system should take into account components interaction and involve the ability of self-renewal throughout the entire life cycle.
The partial models of functioning of automated control systems of an enterprise under information threats are offered taking into account parameters of states of the enterprise at its different levels, realization of network threats, counteraction measures, etc. For each model it is possible to form the state space of a part of an enterprise and on the basis of the series of tests to define state transition parameters thus enabling model representation in the form of a marked graph. The sequences of states possess the properties of semi-Markov processes so semi-Markov apparatus is applicable. Probabilities of state transitions could be computed as a result of numerical solution of the corresponding system of integral equations by Lagrange-Stieltjes technique.
Application of Semi-Markov apparatus for the detection of non-authorized activities during data transfer under network scanning attack proved the validity of the above methods. In addition its application results in creation of a set of security assurance measures to be undertaken. Having obtained state transition probabilities the development of integral security indicator becomes possible thus contributing to the enterprise performance enhancement.
Dynamic analysis of FG stepped truncated conical shells surrounded by Pasternak elastic foundations
Authors: Vinh Le Quang , Cuong Nguyen Manh 
Published: June 2020

This research presents a continuous element model for solving vibration problems of FG stepped truncated conical shells having various material properties and surrounded by Pasternak foundations. Based on the First Order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT) and the equations of the FGM conical shells, the dynamic stiffness matrix is obtained for each segment of the shell having constant thickness. The interesting assembly procedure of continuous element method (CEM) is employed for joining those segments in order to analyze the dynamic behavior of the FG stepped truncated conical shells an assembly procedure of continuous element method (CEM) is employed for joining those segments. Free vibrations of different configurations of FG stepped truncated conical shells on elastic foundations are examined. Effects of structural parameters, stepped thickness and elastic foundations on the free vibration of FG stepped truncated conical shells are also presented.
Spike‐associated networks and intracranial electrographic findings
Authors: Bear Joshua J. , Kirsch Heidi E. , Berman Brian D. , Chapman Kevin E. , Tregellas Jason R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims. Functional connectivity is providing new insights into the network nature of epilepsy with growing clinical applications. Our objective was to validate a novel magnetoencephalography‐based method to non‐invasively measure the epileptic network.Methods. We retrospectively identified pediatric and adult patients with refractory focal epilepsy who underwent pre‐surgical magnetoencephalography with subsequent intracranial electrographic monitoring. Magnetoencephalography tracings were visually reviewed, and interictal epileptiform discharges (“spikes”) were individually marked. We then evaluated differences in whole‐brain connectivity during brief epochs preceding the spikes and during the spikes using the Network‐Based Statistic to test differences at the network level.Results. In six patients with statistically‐significant network differences, we observed substantial overlap between the spike‐associated networks and electrographically active areas identified during intracranial monitoring (the spike‐associated network was 78% and 83% sensitive for intracranial electroencephalography‐defined regions in the irritative and seizure onset zones, respectively).Conclusion. These findings support the neurobiological validity of the spike‐associated network method. Assessment of spike‐associated networks has the potential to improve surgical planning in epilepsy surgery patients by identifying components of the epileptic network prior to implantation.
Persons with onchocerciasis‐associated epilepsy and nodding seizures have a more severe form of epilepsy with more cognitive impairment and higher levels of Onchocerca volvulus infection
Authors: Abd‐Elfarag Gasim , Carter Jane Y. , Raimon Stephen , Sebit Wilson , Suliman Abozer , Fodjo Joseph Nelson Siewe , Olore Peter Claver , Biel Kai Puok , Ojok Morrish , Logora Makoy Yibi , Colebunders Robert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims. Following previous reports of very high epilepsy prevalence in the onchocerciasis‐endemic villages in Maridi County, South Sudan, a study was conducted to investigate the association between the level of Onchocerca volvulus infection, epilepsy, and related outcomes.Methods. In December 2018, persons with epilepsy (PWE) were recruited from villages where an epilepsy prevalence of 4.4% (range: 3.5–11.9%) was documented. We enrolled 318 participants from whom two skin snips were taken for microscopic detection of O. volvulus microfilariae (mf). Seizure history was obtained for all PWE and their degree of disability assessed using the modified Rankin scale.Results. Almost all (84.9%) PWE had detectable mf in their skin snips. Onchocerciasis‐infected PWE experienced nodding seizures more often than uninfected PWE (p=0.034). Moreover, persons with nodding seizures had more frequent seizures (p<0.001) and higher disability scores (p<0.001), and were more often cognitively impaired and younger at the time of their first epileptic seizure (nine years vs 12 years, p<0.001) compared to PWE without nodding seizures. Based on multivariate models, nodding seizures were associated with higher mf densities (aOR: 1.022; 95% CI: 1.005–1.041). Epilepsy onset at a younger age was associated with a worse outcome. Higher frequency of seizures, longer duration of epilepsy and younger age were associated with increased disability. Regular antiepileptic drug use was associated with better cognitive and disability outcomes.Conclusion. PWE with nodding seizures have a more severe form of onchocerciasis‐associated epilepsy, with earlier seizure onset and higher levels of O. volvulus infection. Younger PWE were prone to worse epilepsy outcomes, which would be prevented with regular antiepileptic treatment.
A multimodal diagnostic approach for lateralised rhythmic delta activity in the ictal‐interictal continuum∗
Authors: Spalletti Maddalena , Pescini Francesca , Gadda Davide , Piccardi Benedetta , Scarpino Maenia , Carrai Riccardo , Boccardi Cristina , Grippo Antonello , Amantini Aldo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ictal‐interictal continuum represents a diagnostic challenge even for expert neurrophysiologists, often requiring an additional multimodal diagnostic workup to understand its clinical significance. Lateralised rhythmic delta activity (LRDA) is an ictal‐interictal continuum pattern that has only recently been investigated and recognised as potentially ictogenic or sometimes even ictal.We describe a patient who presented with acute‐onset aphasia, initially suspected of having a stroke; advanced brain imaging with CT‐perfusion showed features suggesting regional left temporo‐parietal hyperperfusion and an EEG revealed LRDA with fluctuations and intermixed sharp waves in the same areas. Treatment with lacosamide caused both clinical and EEG improvement after a few hours, supporting the hypothesis that the EEG pattern represented an ictal/interictal phenomenon.In the literature, a correlation between metabolic/perfusion imaging and ictal‐interictal continuum patterns is described regarding lateralised periodic discharges but less studied for LRDA.In this case, we adopted a multimodal approach, integrating advanced imaging, EEG, clinical features, and response to therapy, to consider the overall clinical presentation as focal NCSE.
Eslicarbazepine for focal epilepsy and acute intermittent porphyria∗
Authors: Herrera‐Fortin Tamara , Pana Raluca , Wesolowska Ewa , Bourré‐Tessier Josiane , Nguyen Dang K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPorphyrias are rare genetic disorders which cause a deficiency in the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of heme. The treatment of epilepsy in patients with acute intermittent porphyria can be difficult since many anticonvulsants can increase heme synthesis and trigger porphyric attacks. We report a patient with focal epilepsy successfully treated with eslicarbazepine without exacerbation of porphyria.
Jovens, ciência e media: perceções sobre a Astronomia e Ciências do Espaço em contextos formais e informais
Authors: Anjos Sara , Carvalho Anabela 
Published: June 2020

O papel transversal dos media na aquisição de conhecimentos e na formação de opiniões
e representações de assuntos de ciência tem uma importância reconhecida. Porém, existem
poucos estudos que se debrucem sobre o modo como os jovens acedem, compreendem e criam
conteúdos relacionados com a ciência, utilizando diversas plataformas e acionando diferentes
literacias. O presente estudo procura explorar algumas pontes nesse sentido. Tendo como base
públicos jovens interessados em ciência, nomeadamente em Astronomia e Ciências do Espaço,
o estudo pretende averiguar o que estes valorizam na ciência e como se apropriam da informação
científica para a tomada de decisão e a formação de opiniões sobre ciência. Os resultados
confirmam que as aprendizagens informais têm um papel relevante no desenvolvimento de
uma identificação com a ciência e na escolha por percursos académicos e profissionais com ela
relacionados. Apesar de não procurarem notícias de ciência em geral, pesquisam informação
específica de ciência de acordo com os seus interesses. A ausência de uma reflexão sobre como
os discursos e as notícias de ciência são produzidos e filtrados pelos media e outros agentes de
comunicação de ciência faz ressaltar a relevância da promoção de uma literacia crítica de ciência,
que implica a ligação a outras literacias, incluindo a literacia mediática.
As culturas das crianças e dos jovens encontram os desafios da participação – entrevista com Henry Jenkins
Authors: Moura Pedro 
Published: June 2020

Henry Jenkins, professor provost de Comunicação, Jornalismo, Artes Cinematográficas
e Educação na Universidade do Sul da Califórnia, está no centro de algumas
das mais relevantes discussões mantidas nos campos da comunicação e dos media ao
longo dos últimos 30 anos. Textual poachers (Jenkins, 1992/2013) marcou uma viragem
decisiva nos estudos sobre a fandom, realçando que os fãs e as suas culturas (participativas)
podiam e deviam ser olhados para além dos preconceitos maioritariamente
vigentes até então. No início deste século, enquanto as discussões sobre o conceito de
convergência estavam centradas em fatalidades tecnológicas e em imperativos económicos,
Henry Jenkins enfatizou a necessidade de se prestar atenção às suas dimensões
culturais (nomeadamente àquelas derivadas ou inspiradas pela crescente visibilidade e
força de culturas participativas), com os seus esforços a culminarem na publicação de
um outro livro, Convergence culture (Jenkins, 2008). Não surpreendentemente, a participação
mantém-se como um conceito relevante nas pesquisas atuais de Henry Jenkins.
Nesta entrevista, algumas das ideias de trabalhos anteriores são revisitadas e outras de
investigações mais recentes (tal como a de imaginação cívica) são discutidas. Simultaneamente,
são também debatidos os dilemas teóricos e metodológicos, do presente e
do futuro, que qualquer pessoa que procure compreender a participação enfrenta, bem
como lacunas na investigação existente. As especificidades das culturas das crianças e
dos jovens quando encontram os desafios da participação guiaram esta conversa.
Legal Nature of Clauses Determining Arbitration Centers Resolving Disputes under the UDRP
Authors: Terentyeva L. V. 
Published: June 2020

Recent legislative amendments regarding an arbitration agreement incorporated into the agreement of accession have contributed to the formation of the concept in the Russian doctrine giving additional argumentation in favor of qualifying clauses envisaging the consideration of domain disputes under the UDRP as arbitration agreements. Taking into account a number of procedural and legal consequences determined by both the fact of the conclusion of the arbitration agreement and the fact of the award, the author raises the question of the nature of clauses providing for the consideration of disputes under the UDRP procedure. The study of the main properties and characteristics of the clauses under consideration leads to the conclusion that the balance between public law and private law foundations defined in the doctrine inherent to the arbitral agreement, does not meet the nature of the dispute resolution clauses under the UDRP (the impossibility for the domain name holder to refuse from the clause; the absence of the derogatory effect of the clause, etc.). Accordingly, enforceability of this clause cannot be determined under the provisions of the Federal Law on Arbitrazh [Arbitration] of 2015 and the Law of the Russian Federation on International Commercial Arbitration of 1993, providing the conclusion of the arbitration agreement, which, for example, include the principle of effective interpretation of an arbitration agreement that does not exclude in a number of cases the competence of the arbitral tribunal in the absence of the agreement signed by the parties. In this regard, the author questions the argumentation in favor of unenforceability of the clause under consideration based on the named laws.The study of certain principles of dispute resolution proceedings under the UDRP (limited list of remedies; resolution of the dispute in the form of oral hearings only on the initiative of an administrative commission; the unduly short period of time provided for both response to the claim and going to a competent court; the disparity of the dispute resolution clause, etc.) allows the author to conclude that, in some cases, such a clause is burdensome for the owner of the domain name due to the violation of the principles of legality and independence in the establishment and formation of a specific administrative commission.
EDITORIAL COVID19 - SARS-CoV
Authors: Serrano Sierra Alejandro 
Published: June 2020

A nuestros asiduos lectores: Nos dimos a la tarea de hacer una recopilación de los acontecimientos ocurridos durante este episodio de la Pandemia por SARS-CoV, (COVID19), cuyo origen se identificó por primera vez en diciembre de 2019 en la ciudad de Wuhan, China, y que oficialmente la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) reconoció como una pandemia global el 11 de marzo de 2020.
DELINEAMENTO DE ÁREAS COM POTENCIAL EROSIVO PARA A BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO PARANAÍBA (PN1-IGAM)
Authors: Gomes Ivair , Vieira Elaine M. , Machado Marley L. , Simão Maria L. R. , Ferreira Arlon C. 
Published: June 2020

A identificação do potencial erosivo de uma área antes que ele se manifeste é de grande importância para mitigar impactos ambientais negativos e evitar prejuízos econômicos ao uso do solo. Assim esse trabalho teve como objetivo identificar as áreas com maior potencial de sofrer processos erosivos na Bacia Hidrográfica PN1 (o Instituto Mineiro de Gestão de Águas dividiu a área da Bacia do Rio Paranaíba, em MG, em: PN1, PN2 e PN3). Por meio do emprego do Sensoriamento Remoto e de Sistemas de Informação Geográficas, foram feitas a identificação das áreas mais suscestíveis a um processo erosivo, bem como a manipulação das variáveis inerentes a esse processo, que atuam na bacia. Foram avaliados os tipos de solo, uso da terra, relevo e outros parâmetros necessários ao entendimento da dinâmica erosiva na bacia e calculada Equação Universal de Perdas de Solos (EUPS) para os diferentes cenários de uso do solo. Para obtenção dos resultados foram elaborados mapas de erodibilidade e erosividade que permitiram dar uma indicação das principais áreas de risco erosivo em cada cenário de uso. Os resultados apresentados para o potencial erosivo, foram abordados de forma qualitativa, com cenários onde se empregam e onde não se empregam práticas conservacionistas.
Palavras-Chave: Bacia Hidrográfica; Solo; SIG; Conservação do solo; Erosão.
A Qualitative Exploration on Major Challenges of Reproductive Health in Adolescents and Youth in Iran
Authors: Mehrolhassani Mohammad Hossein , Haghdoost Ali Akbar , Dehnavieh Reza , Esmaeili Maryam , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid 
Published: June 2020

Background: Reproductive health (RH) in adolescents and youth, as one of the critical components of population health policies, plays a pivotal role in preventing risky behaviors and achieving a healthy and productive generation for the future society. Thus, this study aimed to explore the challenges of RH in adolescents and youth in Iran.
Methods: Using a purposeful sampling method with maximum variation, semi-structured in-depth interviews were held with eighteen key informants in the field of RH. A Snowball sampling strategy was deployed to identify the participants. The multi-dimensional PRECEDE-PROCEED model of health promotion was used as a guiding framework for the topic guide. The transcribed interviews were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results: Three main themes of decision-making system, lifestyle, as well as social and epidemiological issues, were emerged from the interviews. We also explored six themes, including the knowledge and expertise about RH, policy-making and management system, environmental factors, individual factors, family and social anomalies, and epidemiological status of RH. Furthermore, twenty-five sub-themes were extracted from the main themes, which represented the challenges. Lack of understanding of the issues and absence of a coherent intellectual system that provides a collaboration of different systems in policy-making were fundamental and dominant challenges of RH for adolescents and youth in Iran.
Conclusion: To meet these challenges, we require an integrated and coherent system of policy-making with a reliance on scanning individual, environmental, social, and epidemiological changes that influence RH.
Effects Of Home-Based Convergence Insufficiency Vision Therapy On Accommodation Among School Going Children
Authors: Wekesa Andrew , Wanzala Mazximila 
Published: June 2020

Effects of home-based convergence insufficiency vision therapy on accommodation among school going children
Wekesa Andrew1, Wanzala Maximilla1
1Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology Kakamega, Kenya.

Abstract
Background: Convergence and accommodation are always yoked together and any adjustment on the former affects the later. The most effective treatment for convergence insufficiency (CI) is vision therapy.
Aim/Purpose: To determine the effects of home-based vision therapy on accommodation in school-going with CI attending the Masinde Muliro University Academic Vision Center in Kenya.
Methods: A clinical experimental design involving 23 participants with the mean age of 14±2.4 years, were recruited into the study, however, only 18 were assessed after the therapy. The study took 9 weeks thus majority lost contact while others moved out of the town. Home-based vision therapy which is undertaken at home using a pencil or broke strings. During the therapy, accommodative values were monitored which were; negative relative accommodation, positive relative accommodation, dynamic accommodation, accommodative facility and near point of accommodation. Paired t-test used to compare mean values before and after the therapy.
Results: The mean value of negative relative accommodation (NRA) before (mention what the mean values were here) and after (mention what the mean values were here) home-based therapy was statistically significant (p=0.01). However, the mean values before and after home-based therapy for the near point of accommodation (NPA), dynamic (Lag), relativity (PRA) and facility (MAF) showed no difference (p> 0.05). The mean value of the NRA before and after office-based vision therapy was statistically significant (p=0.01).
Conclusion: The use of home-based vision therapy for the patients with CI had significant effects on accommodation changing from a lower limit to average after the therapy.

Keywords: Convergence insufficiency, Accommodation, Home-based vision therapy.