bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD): evidence and current progress on the non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of AD-related pathology using the eye
Authors: Chibhabha Fidelis , Yaqi Yang , Li Feng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of age-related dementia that mostly affects the aging population. Clinically, it is a disease characterized by impaired memory and progressive cognitive decline. Although the pathological hallmarks of AD have been traditionally described with a general confinement in the brain, recent studies have shown similar pathological changes in the retina, which is a developmental outgrowth of the forebrain. These AD-related neurodegenerative changes in the retina have been implicated to cause early visual problems in AD even before cognitive impairment becomes apparent. With recent advances in research, the commonly held view that AD-related cerebral pathology causes visual dysfunction through disruption of central visual pathways has been re-examined. Currently, several studies have already explored how AD manifests in the retina and the possibility of using the same retina as a window to non-invasively examine AD-related pathology in the brain. Non-invasive screening of AD through the retina has the potential to improve on early detection and management of the disease since the majority of AD cases are usually diagnosed very late. The purpose of this review is to provide evidence on the involvement of the retina in AD and to suggest a possible direction for future research into the non-invasive screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of AD using the retina.
Ground state wave function overlap in superconductors and superfluids
Authors: Hertzberg Mark P. , Jain Mudit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to elucidate the quantum ground state structure of nonrelativistic condensates, we explicitly construct the ground state wave function for multiple species of bosons, describing either superconductivity or superfluidity. Since each field Ψjcarries a phaseθjand the Lagrangian is invariant under rotationsθj → θj + αjfor independentαj, one can investigate the corresponding wave function overlap between a pair of ground states〈G|G′〉$\langle G\vert {G}^{\prime }\rangle $differing by these phases. We operate in the infinite volume limit and use a particular prescription to define these states by utilizing the position space kernel and regulating the UV modes. We show that this overlap vanishes for most pairs of rotations, includingθj → θj + mj ϵ, wheremjis the mass of each species, while it is unchanged under the transformationθj → θj + qj ϵ, whereqjis the charge of each species. We explain that this is consistent with the distinction between a superfluid, in which there is a nontrivial conserved number, and the superconductor, in which the electric field and conserved charge is screened, while it is compatible with a nonzero order parameter in both cases. Moreover, we find that this bulk ground state wave function overlap directly reflects the Goldstone boson structure of the effective theory and provides a useful diagnostic of its physical phase.
Astrocyte-Derived Estrogen Regulates Reactive Astrogliosis and is Neuroprotective following Ischemic Brain Injury
Authors: Wang Jing , Sareddy Gangadhara R. , Lu Yujiao , Pratap Uday P. , Tang Fulei , Greene Karah M. , Meyre Pornjittra L. , Tekmal Rajeshwar R. , Vadlamudi Ratna K. , Brann Darrell W. 
Published: November 2020

Expression of the 17β-estradiol (E2) synthesis enzyme aromatase is highly upregulated in astrocytes following brain injury. However, the precise role of astrocyte-derived E2 in the injured brain remains unclear. In the current study, we generated a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter-driven aromatase knock-out (GFAP-ARO-KO) mouse model to deplete astrocyte-derived E2 in the brain and determine its roles after global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in male and female mice. GFAP-ARO-KO mice were viable and fertile, with normal gross brain structure, normal morphology, intensity and distribution of astrocytes, normal aromatase expression in neurons, and normal cognitive function basally. In contrast, after GCI, GFAP-ARO-KO mice: (1) lacked the normal elevation of astrocyte aromatase and hippocampal E2 levels; (2) had significantly attenuated reactive astrogliosis; and (3) displayed enhanced neuronal damage, microglia activation, and cognitive deficits. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that the ischemic GFAP-ARO-KO mouse hippocampus failed to upregulate the “A2” panel of reactive astrocyte genes. In addition, the JAK-STAT3 pathway, which is critical for the induction of reactive astrogliosis, was significantly downregulated in the GFAP-ARO-KO hippocampus following GCI. Finally, exogenous E2 administration fully rescued the compromised JAK-STAT3 pathway and reactive astrogliosis, and reversed the enhanced neuronal damage and microglial activation in the GFAP-ARO-KO mice after GCI, suggesting that the defects in the KO mice are because of a loss of E2 rather than an increase in precursor androgens. In conclusion, the current study provides novel genetic evidence for a beneficial role of astrocyte-derived E2 in reactive astrogliosis, microglial activation, and neuroprotection following an ischemic injury to the brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFollowing cerebral ischemia, reactive astrocytes express the enzyme aromatase and produce 17β-estradiol (E2), although the precise role of astrocyte-derived E2 is poorly understood. In this study, we generated a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter-driven aromatase knock-out (GFAP-ARO-KO) mouse to deplete astrocyte-derived E2 and elucidate its roles after global cerebral ischemia (GCI). The GFAP-ARO-KO mice exhibited significantly attenuated reactive astrogliosis, as well as enhanced microglial activation, neuronal damage, and cognitive dysfunction after GCI. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that astrocyte-derived E2 was critical for the induction of the JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway, as well as the A2 reactive astrocyte phenotype after ischemia. Collectively, these findings indicate that astrocyte-derived E2 has a key role in the regulation of reactive astrogliosis, microglial activation, and neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia.
Right Temporoparietal Junction Underlies Avoidance of Moral Transgression in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Hu Yang , Pereira Alessandra M. , Gao Xiaoxue , Campos Brunno M. , Derrington Edmund , Corgnet Brice , Zhou Xiaolin , Cendes Fernando , Dreher Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a core difference in theory-of-mind (ToM) ability, which extends to alterations in moral judgment and decision-making. Although the function of the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), a key neural marker of ToM and morality, is known to be atypical in autistic individuals, the neurocomputational mechanisms underlying its specific changes in moral decision-making remain unclear. Here, we addressed this question by using a novel fMRI task together with computational modeling and representational similarity analysis (RSA). ASD participants and healthy control subjects (HCs) decided in public or private whether to incur a personal cost for funding a morally good cause (Good Context) or receive a personal gain for benefiting a morally bad cause (Bad Context). Compared with HC, individuals with ASD were much more likely to reject the opportunity to earn ill gotten money by supporting a bad cause than were HCs. Computational modeling revealed that this resulted from heavily weighing benefits for themselves and the bad cause, suggesting that ASD participants apply a rule of refusing to serve a bad cause because they evaluate the negative consequences of their actions more severely. Moreover, RSA revealed a reduced rTPJ representation of the information specific to moral contexts in ASD participants. Together, these findings indicate the contribution of rTPJ in representing information concerning moral rules and provide new insights for the neurobiological basis underpinning moral behaviors illustrated by a specific difference of rTPJ in ASD participants.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrevious investigations have found an altered pattern of moral behaviors in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is closely associated with functional changes in the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ). However, the specific neurocomputational mechanisms at play that drive the altered function of the rTPJ in moral decision-making remain unclear. Here, we show that ASD individuals are more inflexible when following a moral rule although an immoral action can benefit themselves, and experience an increased concern about their ill-gotten gains and the moral cost. Moreover, a selectively reduced rTPJ representation of information concerning moral rules was observed in ASD participants. These findings deepen our understanding of the neurobiological roots that underlie atypical moral behaviors in ASD individuals.
Regulation and inhibition of the DNA sensor cGAS
Authors: Hertzog Jonny , Rehwinkel Jan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCell‐autonomous sensing of nucleic acids is essential for host defence against invading pathogens by inducing antiviral and inflammatory cytokines. cGAS has emerged in recent years as a non‐redundant DNA sensor important for detection of many viruses and bacteria. Upon binding to DNA, cGAS synthesises the cyclic dinucleotide 2′3′‐cGAMP that binds to the adaptor protein STING and thereby triggers IRF3‐ and NFκB‐dependent transcription. In addition to infection, the pathophysiology of an ever‐increasing number of sterile inflammatory conditions in humans involves the recognition of DNA through cGAS. Consequently, the cGAS/STING signalling axis has emerged as an attractive target for pharmacological modulation. However, the development of cGAS and STING inhibitors has just begun and a need for specific and effective compounds persists. In this review, we focus on cGAS and explore how its activation by immunostimulatory DNA is regulated by cellular mechanisms, viral immune modulators and small molecules. We further use our knowledge of cGAS modulation by cells and viruses to conceptualise potential new ways of pharmacological cGAS targeting.
Molecular Lessons from the Drosophila Bithorax Complex
Authors: Bender Welcome W 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Genetics Society of America’s (GSA’s) Edward Novitski Prize recognizes a single experimental accomplishment or a body of work in which an exceptional level of creativity, and intellectual ingenuity, has been used to design and execute scientific experiments to solve a difficult problem in genetics. The 2020 recipient is Welcome W. Bender of Harvard Medical School, recognizing his creativity and ingenuity in revealing the molecular nature and regulation of the bithorax gene complex.
Археология периферии: шесть лет спустя
Authors: Глазков Константин Павлович 
Published: November 2020

В декабре 2013 года на Московском урбанистическом форуме (МУФ) было представлено комплексное исследование, посвященное окраинам Москвы, — «Археология периферии». Исследование проводилось по шести направлениям: общество, политика, архитектура, культура, экономика, данные. Исследовательские команды отмечали значительный потенциал периферийных районов города, которые на тот момент были «спящими». Эти территории оставались лишь градосоставляющими, но не градообразующими. При этом критики данного проекта говорили о том, что в нем недостаточно раскрыта связь центральных и периферийных районов, которая, возможно, пролила бы свет на причины слабой реализации потенциала периферийных территорий.
Прошло шесть лет. Москва бурно развивается. Уже три года функционирует Московское центральное кольцо (МЦК), полностью пролегающее по периферийным районам. Осуществляется ввод масштабной транспортной системы — Московских центральных диаметров (МЦД), которая расположится за пределами Москвы. Открываются новые ветки метро, реализуются проекты по благоустройству («Моя улица», «Мой район»), на подходе активная фаза реновации. Интересно вспомнить «Археологию периферии», чтобы оценить вектор развития, сложившийся с тех пор. Мы решили обсудить с авторами сборника перемены, происходящие в Москве, пытающейся найти баланс между центром и периферией.
Нам удалось пообщаться с восьмью экспертами, которые в рамках работы над сборником отвечали за разные исследовательские направления. В результате мы обсудили вопросы границ Москвы, представление о московской периферии, задались вопросами нового административного расширения города и присоединения Новой Москвы, ролью МКАД в современном городе, перспективами реновации и возможностями проекта «Мой район» по формированию полицентричной городской среды, воздействием МЦК на периферийные территории, ожиданиями от запуска МЦД, а также тем, чем могла бы быть «Археология периферии 2.0».
Probióticos no Controle da Pré-diabetes e Diabetes tipo 2
Authors: Barros Yasmin Carla de , Sivieri Katia , Giselle Aparecida Nobre Costa  
Published: November 2020

Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), o Diabetes Mellitus (DM), é uma doença grave e crônica, que ocorre quando o pâncreas não produz insulina suficiente, ou quando o corpo não é capaz de utilizar efetivamente a insulina produzida. A pré-diabetes pode ser observada em uma classe de indivíduos nos quais há um aumento dos níveis de glicose no sangue acima do normal e abaixo do diagnóstico de DM. Dados da Federação Internacional do Diabetes (IDF) e da Associação Americana de Diabetes (ADA) têm apontado para um grande aumento da prevalência da pré-diabetes e consequentemente de DM no mundo. Esse aumento da prevalência do diabetes está associado a diversos fatores, principalmente a fatores nutricionais, sedentarismo e a obesidade/sobrepeso. Esses distúrbios metabólicos são caracterizados por resistência à insulina e deficiência da mesma. Estudos indicam que a microbiota intestinal desempenha um importante papel na fisiopatologia da obesidade e consequentemente da pré-diabetes através de seus efeitos sobre o controle do peso corporal, balanço energético e inflamação. Neste contexto, a ingestão de probióticos vem mostrando efeitos positivos na modulação da microbiota intestinal e consequente controle da pré-diabetes e diabetes.
Palavras-chave: Diabetes. Pré-diabetes. Obesidade. Microbiota intestinal.
Promoting health equity through the built environment in Duluth, MN: External Resources and Local Evolution Toward Health in All Policies
Authors: Korfmacher Katrina 
Published: November 2020

Communities, professionals, and researchers recognize that environmental factors contribute to the health inequities experienced by vulnerable populations in the U.S. These environmental health injustices persist despite well-developed systems for both public health and environmental protection. The root cause of these issues is often “siloed” decision-making by separate health and environmental institutions. Health Impact Assessment (HIA) can be an important tool for bridging these silos to promote health equity at the local level. This raises the question: how can external resources best support local initiatives? This paper examines the interaction between national, state, and non-governmental efforts to promote HIA and local actions to promote healthy and equitable built environment in Duluth, MN. A wide range of local activities in Duluth aimed to alter the long term trends, decision processes, and institutions shaping its built environment. These included integrating health in brownfield redevelopment, local land use plans, food access, and transportation decisions. Technical and financial support from external groups played a key role in developing the community’s capacity to promote health equity across public, private, and non-profit organizations. These multiple streams of action culminated in the mayor’s declaration in 2016 that health and fairness would be adopted as key goals of the city’s new Comprehensive Plan. How did such innovative efforts thrive in a small, post-industrial city with limited resources? Duluth’s experiences provide insight into how external governmental, funding, academic, and non-profit entities can more effectively, efficiently, and equitably support the evolution of local initiatives
Physical Activity in the Workplace – Making the Healthy Choice the Easy Choice
Authors: Hadfield Jaclyn , Kennedy-Armbruster Carol , Huber Lesa , Middlestadt Susan 
Published: November 2020

Background: Engaging in physical activity in the workplace is important to address to combat the negative health outcomes associated with physical inactivity and prolonged sitting.Aim: This study aims to identify efforts that increase light neuromotor physical activity in university workplaces for sedentary employees.Methods: Sub-study 1 examined 15 intervention employees and 10 control employees. MANOVA was used to examine average number of days employees did three movements at work between groups over an eight-week period. Sub-study 2 examined 56 employees and measured three beliefs towards employee intention to do the movements at work. A linear regression examined the significance of the beliefs in predicting employee intention.Results: MANOVA results showed a significant effect between groups on the average number of days employees did three movements over an eight-week period of time, F (3, 21) = 3.16; p < .05. The adjusted R-squared predicting intention from the three beliefs was .343 (p < .001). Participants' belief in how 'easy' doing the movements would be significantly predicted intention scores (β= .467; p < .001) as did the 'popular' belief (β = .371; p < .01). Conclusion: Worksite group physical activity programs can increase the frequency employees get up and move at work. Employee beliefs of how easy or popular a behavior is can significantly predict intention to do neuromotor movements in workplaces.
DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF IT SOLUTIONS IN LOGISTICS
Authors: Koliadenko S.V. , Golubkova I.A. , Babachenko M.V. , Levinska T.I. , Burmaka L.A. 
Published: November 2020

Анотація. Безперервний рух до досконалості вимагає постійного контролю і вдосконалення управлінських рішень на підприємстві. Досягти окресленої мети і завдань можливо на основі ІТ-технології для потреб логістики. ІТ-компанії (360data, Alpega, C3 Solutions, CyberLogitec, Data2Logistics та ін.) зосереджують свою увагу на вирішенні як окремих, так і комплексних завдань (планування завантаження, оптимізація, закупівлі, швидкість та ставки, зворотна логістика, маршрутизація і планування, система управління транспортом тощо) логістичних підприємств. Це дає змогу впроваджувати та експлуатувати ІТ-рішення в області ланцюгів поставок, логістики, вертикальної спеціалізації, базової вартості, сторонньої логістики та додаткових рішень. На сьогодні питання підвищення ефективності логістичних процесів вимагають активних дій з боку керівництва компаній, тому їхня конкурентоспроможність, передусім, залежить від своєчасності реагувати на глобальні тренди і виклики в області ІТ-технологій. ІТ-розробники, як засвідчили дослідження, найбільше концентрують свою увагу на розв’язанні проблем постачальників транспортних послуг — на них надає понад 90 % усіх респондентів. Також потрібно відмітити, що понад 80 % ІТ-рішень у вертикальній спеціалізації зосереджено в галузі сільського господарства щодо виробництва, транспортування та гуртової торгівлі. Попри зазначені досягнення, менше ніж 40 % компаній використовують технологію для контролю продуктивності ланцюгів поставок. У зв’язку зі зростанням складності відправлення вантажовідправниками вантажів клієнтам, багато компаній звертаються до допомоги так званої 3PLs (third-partylogistics). Проведені дослідження показали, що понад 80 % усіх вантажовідправників використовують 3PLs, що допомагає їм підвищити якість обслуговування клієнтів. Серед компаній, які впроваджують і використовують досягнення ІТ-технологій у своїй логістичній діяльності, можна виділити Maersk, Schneider, LufthansaCargo, SAS CargoGroup A/S, AsstrA та ін. Зазначені ІТ-рішення дали таким компаніям можливість більш ефективно контролювати і координувати доставку вантажів, інтегрувати інтерфейси вантажовідправника та клієнта в єдину мережу, оптимізувати роботу власних підрозділів, знизити логістичні витрати тощо. Це також підтверджується й тим фактом, що понад 60 % усіх старших керівників, які причетні до роботи транспорту на підприємствах, відчули суттєві позитивні зміни глобальних перетворень.
Ключові слова: інновації, ІТ-технології для потреб логістики, ІТ-рішення, логістичні компанії, логістичні послуги.
Формул: 0; рис.: 0; табл.: 2; бібл.: 21.
The Impact of Knowledge Management Processes on the Quality of Higher Education from the Perspective of University Professors: A Case Study of the Professors of the Faculty of Economic and Commercial and Administrative Sciences, University of Biskra – Al
Authors: خير الدين أ. جمعة , دريدي أ. أحلام , خليل أ. صبرينة 
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to identify the impact of knowledge management processes on the quality of higher education from the viewpoint of university professors at the Faculty of Economic,Commercial and Administrative Sciences at the University of Muhammad Khaydar Biskra. To achieve this objective, the descriptive analytical and case study method was used. Thestudy population was 195 professors, 109 of whom were selected as a sample of the study. To collect data from the study sample, a questionnaire was used. 195 questionnaires weredistributed to the study sample, but 72 questionnaires were returned at a rate of return (66.05%). Then the hypotheses were tested based on a set of research methods, using theSPSS software. Major findings of the study indicated a statistically significant effect of knowledge management processes with their dimensions (quality of scientific research,quality of student services and graduates, quality of curricula and study programs) on the quality of higher education among professors of the Faculty of Economic, commercial andadministrative sciences at the University of Biskra. The study concluded with a set of recommendations, including the adopting knowledge management processes approach todevelop and improve the quality of higher education institutions, utilizing and activating professors&#39; roles, knowledge, ideas and expertise.Keywords: knowledge management, knowledge management processes, higher education quality, university professors, University of Biskra.