bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart Nanocarriers for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Martinelli Chiara 
Published: June 2020

:Cancer is considered one of the most threatening diseases worldwide. Although many therapeutic approaches have been developed and optimized for ameliorating patient’s conditions and life expectancy, however, it frequently remains an incurable pathology. Notably, conventional treatments may reveal inefficient in the presence of metastasis development, multidrug resistance and inability to achieve targeted drug delivery.:In the last decades, nanomedicine has gained a prominent role, due to many properties ascribable to nanomaterials. It is worth mentioning their small size, their ability to be loaded with small drugs and bioactive molecules and the possibility to be functionalized for tumor targeting. Natural vehicles have been exploited, such as exosomes, and designed, such as liposomes. Biomimetic nanomaterials have been engineered, by modification with biological membrane coating. Several nanoparticles have already entered clinical trials and some liposomal formulations have been approved for therapeutic applications. In this review, natural and synthetic nanocarriers functionalized for actively targeting cancer cells will be described, focusing on their advantages with respect to conventional treatments. Recent innovations related to biomimetic nanoparticles camouflaged with membranes isolated from different types of cells will be reported, together with their promising applications. Finally, a short overview on the latest advances in carrier-free nanomaterials will be provided.
Night-time Noise Levels and Patients’ Sleep Experiences in a Medical Assessment Unit in Northern England
Authors: Astin Felicity , Stephenson John , Wakefield Jonathan , Evans Ben , Rob Priyanka , Joanna Garside , Harris Emma 
Published: June 2020

Background:Hospital in-patients need sleep so that restorative process and healing can take place. However, over one third of in-patients experience sleep disturbance, often caused by noise. This can compromise patients’ perceptions of care quality and cause physical and psychological ill health.Aims:To assess 1) in-patients sleep quality, quantity, reported sources of sleep disturbance and their suggestions for improvement 2) objectively measure decibel levels recorded at night.Methods:This descriptive study conducted in a Medical Assessment Unit used multi-methods; a semi-structured ‘sleep experience’ questionnaire administered to a purposive sample of in-patients; recording of night-time noise levels, on 52 consecutive nights, using two calibrated Casella sound level meters.Results:Patient ratings of ‘in-hospital’ sleep quantity (3.25; 2.72 SD) and quality (2.91; 2.56 SD) was poorer compared to ‘home’ sleep quantity (5.07; 2.81 SD) and quality (5.52; 2.79 SD). The difference in sleep quality (p<0.001) and quantity (p<0.001) ratings whilst in hospital, compared to at home, was statistically significant. Care processes, noise from other patients and the built environment were common sources of sleep disturbance. Participants’ suggestions for improvement were similar to interventions identified in current research. The constant noise level ranged from 38-57 decibels (equivalent to an office environment), whilst peak levels reached a maximum of 116 decibels, (equivalent to banging a car door one metre away).Conclusion:The self-rated patient sleep experience was significantly poorer in hospital, compared to home. Noise at night contributed to sleep disturbance. Decibel levels were equivalent to those reported in other international studies. Data informed the development of a ‘Sleep Smart’ toolkit designed to improve the in-patient sleep experience.
Tetanus Toxoid Immunization Status and Associated Factors among Mothers in Hawzen, Eastern Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Mengesha Meresa Berwo , Weldegeorges Desta Abraha , Assefa Natnael Etsay , Gebremeskel Senait Gebreslasie , Hidru Hagos Degefa , Teame Hirut , Hailesilassie Yared 
Published: June 2020

Background:Neonatal tetanus remains a significant avertable cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Adequate vaccination strategies, including at least two doses of tetanus toxoid for reproductive age women, can decrease neonatal mortality. In Ethiopia, a few numbers of neonates were protected at birth through this proactive intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to determine factors associated with the low coverage of tetanus toxoid immunization.Objective:This study aimed to determine the status of Tetanus Toxoid immunization coverage and factors associated with it.Methods:Community-based cross-sectional study design was implemented among 515 mothers in Hawzen, Eastern zone of Tigray. The data were entered into Epi data manager version 3.5.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science version 20 software for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors significantly associated with tetanus toxoid immunization coverage.Results:Two hundred and seven (40.2%) mothers were protected against tetanus at last birth. Mothers whose age was less than 20 years [AOR 0.19(0.10, 0.32), had no future plan for fertility [AOR 0.30(0.17, 0.53)], mothers attended once for antenatal care visits [AOR 0.38(0.18, 0.82)] and who got information from media [AOR 4.49(1.82, 11.07] were independent predictors of tetanus toxoid immunization status of mothers.Conclusion:More than half of the mothers were not protected against tetanus at the time of last birth. This study found the age of mothers, future fertility plans, numbers of antenatal care visits and mothers who got information from media; these were significant factors associated with the likelihood of tetanus toxoid immunization of mothers.
Ajuste entre atributos colectivistas/individualistas del sujeto con la cultura percibida de la unidad de trabajo: Un análisis de su influencia sobre el comportamiento ciudadano organizacional
Authors: Solís Martín , Brenes Leiva Gretell 
Published: June 2020

<p>El presente estudio analiza si el ajuste entre los atributos individualistas/colectivistas de los sujetos y su percepción sobre la cultura de su unidad de trabajo influye el Comportamiento Ciudadano Organizacional (CCO). Para el análisis se recopiló información de 248 sujetos que trabajan en una compañía transnacional. Las hipótesis se evaluaron con modelos de regresión lineal. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que los sujetos con mayor grado de individualismo horizontal ejercen mayor CCO conforme aumenta el grado de cultura adhocrática percibida en su unidad de trabajo. También, los sujetos con mayor grado de colectivismo vertical ejercen mayor CCO conforme más jerárquica sea la cultura percibida. La investigación aporta nueva evidencia científica, ya que anteriormente ningún estudio ha valorado si los atributos colectivistas e individualistas son más convenientes en ciertas culturas para promover el CCO. En términos de aplicabilidad práctica los hallazgos obtenidos sugieren que las organizaciones pueden promover el CCO ubicando al sujeto en unidades con culturas afines a sus características (individualistas/colectivistas).<strong></strong></p>
Estudio retrospectivo de casos de insuficiencia cardíaca en adultos del 2011 al 2015 en un Hospital Dominicano
Authors: Canahuate Grisel , Elías Purcell Marcelle , Ruiz-Matuk Carlos B. 
Published: June 2020

Introducción: la insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) es un síndrome caracterizado por un funcionamiento inadecuado de las capacidades cardíacas, que se asocia con discapacidad. Sus múltiples etiologías y factores de riesgo varían geográficamente, por lo que se plantea conocer las características clínicas de la IC en la República Dominicana, con el objetivo de sugerir mejoras en los servicios de salud.
Métodos: se identificaron 2,119 casos de pacientes con IC en el Hospital General de la Plaza de la Salud (HGPS) y con base en esta población se calculó una muestra de 326 casos, a partir de un intervalo de confianza de 95 % y un margen de error de 5 %. Partiendo del cálculo de la muestra, se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 378 casos. Este sobre muestreo se realizó previendo la posible eliminación de algunos casos en los análisis finales. Luego de esto, se procedió a la extracción de datos.
Resultados: el estudio mostró que la edad promedio fue de 69 años. Se evidenciaron diversos factores de riesgos predominantes como la hipertensión arterial 87.5 %, cardiopatía isquémica 50.4 %, valvulopatías 40 %, y la diabetes mellitus un 34.7 %. También se observaron conductas de riesgo en las que predominan el uso de tabaco (23.7 %), obesidad (17.4 %) y consumo de alcohol (7.8 %). El síntoma más frecuente fue disnea con 84.7 %. La fracción de eyección promedio fue 48 %. El tratamiento más común fue los diuréticos. La mortalidad registrada fue 11.1 %.
Discusión: este estudio evidencia una alta ocurrencia de conductas y factores de riesgo, cuya intervención y subsecuente disminución pudiera significar cambios importantes a la prevalencia de la IC en el país.
Triaje como herramienta en emergencias pediátricas del Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral septiembre 2018 - noviembre 2018
Authors: Quiñones Anyeliza , Contreras Cristina , Corona Lisandra , Terrero Clemente 
Published: June 2020

El triaje busca identificar a aquellos pacientes que necesitan atención inmediata y a los que pueden esperar con seguridad durante un tiempo más prolongado. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y prospectivo, con pacientes que acuden al servicio de emergencias del Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral en los meses de septiembre, octubre y noviembre de 2018, para un total de 32 %, 21 %, y 47 %, respectivamente. El total de pacientes captados fue 660, 54 % masculinos y 46 % femeninos. Edad de mayor asistencia de 1-6 años, 311 para un 47 %. El 4to nivel fue el de mayor atención, 219 para un 33 %. Mayor flujo horario de 11:00 a.m. a 4:00 p.m., para un 5.8 % y 6.1 %. Tiempo de respuesta nivel 1: 50 seg; nivel 2: 22 min con 5 seg; nivel 3: 41 min con 12 seg; nivel 4: 49 min con 35 seg; y nivel 5: 48 min con 53 seg. Como conclusión, la respuesta a las atenciones se ve afectada por la falta de triaje estructurado, una respuesta más rápida y oportuna a pacientes con niveles 3 a 4, gracias al alto volumen de pacientes que acuden y no así a los de nivel 1 y 2.
DO CORPO-TERRITÓRIO AO TERRITÓRIO-CORPO (DA TERRA): CONTRIBUIÇÕES DECOLONIAIS
Authors: Haesbaert Rogério 
Published: June 2020

Resumo: Este artigo aborda a questão do território numa perspectiva latino-americana, analisando as principais contribuições a este debate a partir do pensamento decolonial, especialmente a relação entre corpo e território, tanto no sentido do corpo como território quanto do território/terra como corpo, especialmente na ótica dos povos originários e da visão feminista.Palavras chave: Corpo-território, território-corpo-terra, pensamento decolonial FROM BODY-TERRITORY TO TERRITORY BODY OF THE EARTH: DECOLONIALAbstract:This article addresses the issue of territory from a Latin American perspective, analyzing the main contributions to this debate from the perspective of decolonial thinking, especially the relationship between body and territory, both in the sense of the body as territory and of the territory / earth as body, especially from the perspective of indigenous peoples and the feminist view.Keywords: Body-territory, body-earth-territory, decolonial thinking. DEL CUERPO-TERRITORIO AL TERRITORIO-CUERPO (DE LA TIERRA): CONTRIBUCIONES DECOLONIALESResumen:Este artículo aborda el tema del territorio desde una perspectiva latinoamericana, analizando las principales contribuciones a este debate desde la aproximación del pensamiento decolonial, especialmente a partir de la relación entre el cuerpo y el territorio, tanto en el sentido del cuerpo como territorio como del territorio / tierra como cuerpo, especialmente desde la perspectiva de los pueblos indígenas y la visión feminista.Palabras-llave: Cuerpo-territorio, territorio-cuerpo-tierra, pensamiento decolonial.
Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients With Prediabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yu , Tan Huiwen , Tang Jingjing , Li Jing , Chong Weelic , Hai Yang , Feng Yuning , Lunsford L. Dade , Xu Ping , Jia Desheng , Fang Fang 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND
While observational studies have shown an association between vitamin D insufficiency and diabetes, it is unclear whether intervention with vitamin D supplements can lower the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

PURPOSE
To assess whether vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of T2DM in people with prediabetes.

DATA SOURCES
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception to 5 July 2019.

STUDY SELECTION
We included randomized controlled trials assessing vitamin D supplementation versus placebo in relation to new-onset T2DM in people with prediabetes.

DATA EXTRACTION
We screened studies and extracted data from published trials independently.

DATA SYNTHESIS
We identified eight eligible trials with a total of 4,896 subjects. Vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the risk of T2DM (risk ratio [RR] 0.89 [95% CI 0.80–0.99]; I2 = 0%). Benefit was found in nonobese subjects (RR 0.73 [95% CI 0.57–0.92]) but not in obese subjects (RR 0.95 [95% CI 0.84–1.08]) (Pinteraction = 0.048). The reversion of prediabetes to normoglycemia occurred in 116 of 548 (21.2%) participants in the vitamin D group and 75 of 532 (14.1%) in the control group. Vitamin D supplementation increased reversion rate of prediabetes to normoglycemia (RR 1.48 [95% CI 1.14–1.92]; I2 = 0%.)

LIMITATIONS
Definitions of prediabetes and new-onset diabetes in eligible studies were different, and long-term data on outcomes of T2DM prevention were lacking.

CONCLUSIONS
In persons with prediabetes, vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of T2DM and increases the reversion rate of prediabetes to normoglycemia. The benefit of the prevention of T2DM could be limited to nonobese subjects. Individual participant data meta-analyses are needed to confirm these findings.
STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVE: DOES PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING INCREASE OWNERSHIP OF ONE’S EDUCATION?
Authors: Ghaemi Roza Vaez , Potvin Gabriel 
Published: June 2020

Students in the 4th year laboratory course in the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (CHBE) at UBC perform multi-week problem-based laboratories (PBL). Open-ended industrially-relevant problem statements are provided as context, but teams are not bound by them and can choose alternative problems according to their interests. Operating instructions for equipment are provided, but students must develop their own experimental designs and data collection and analysis protocols. TA involvement is greatly reduced compared to previous courses to promote independence and self-reliance. In previous work, students indicated that this approach helped them develop their critical thinking and problem-solving skills, and increased their confidence in their engineering abilities. Anecdotal evidence and an analysis of the survey data in that study suggest that one possible reason for the benefits outlined above stem from students’ imposed self-reliance and ownership of their work, coupled with a freedom to experiment with no consequences for failure. To explore this question, a questionnaire was sent to the current cohort of students, asking them to qualify their enjoyment of the course (level of enjoyment, workload, perceived relevance), the effectiveness of the course (perceived knowledge and skill development), as well as their perceived level of agency in the course (perceived freedom and autonomy regarding content and research direction). Students were then invited to a focus group to further elaborate on the course and reflect on their overall experience during the undergraduate studies, whether they felt they had agency or ownership during their studies, and whether they believe problem-based learning should be implemented in other courses earlier on in the program. Responses were thematically analyzed, and are presented in this paper.
Labour Worry and Postpartum Discomfort of Primiparous Mothers in Konya, Turkey
Authors: Çankaya Seyhan , Yilmaz Sema Dereli 
Published: June 2020

Increased levels of worry about childbirth labour may lead to the development of obstetric complications. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the factors that affect the birth worry of primiparae. The population of the study consisted of the primiparous women between May and August 2018 in the Dr Ali Kemal Belviranl? Maternity and Children’s Hospital in the province of Konya, Turkey. A total of 240 primiparous women were selected by means of convenience sampling for this descriptive research. The Postpartum Comfort Questionnaire (PPCQ), the Oxford Worries about Labour Scale (OWLS), and a questionnaire that examines socio-demographic and obstetrical features were used to collect the data. The data were analysed with independent samples, the t-test, the one-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation. The mean age of the women was 27.09 ± 5.04 (min.: 18, max.: 41) years and the mean gestation was 38.8 ± 1.1 weeks. The mean score of labour worry was higher while the mean score of postpartum comfort was lower for those women who had a caesarean delivery (OWLS: t = ?6.47, p = 0.001; PPCQ: t = 4.40, p = 0.001), who had high concerns or fears about labour or delivery (OWLS: t = ?7.05, p = 0.001; PPCQ: t = ?7.04, p = 0.001), who were not emotionally supported by their family during pregnancy (OWLS: t = 13.12, p = 0.001, PPCQ: t = 13.12, p = 0.001), and who had experiences of health problems during delivery (OWLS: t = ?5.01, p = 0.001; PPCQ: t = ?6.06, p = 0.001). It has been found that as the OWLS scores increase, the PPCQ scores also increase reflecting a positive correlation (r = 0.672, p < 0.001) between these variables. This study supports existing literature which states that factors such as health status, aspects of labour and social support affect labour worry and the postpartum comfort level. For this reason, increasing women’s comfort in the postpartum period may be provided by being informed about their physical and psychological health as of the antenatal period, and by giving midwifery care and health education that aim to determine their labour worry level and to eliminate it.
Interpreting and Rendering of Qur’anic Verses in Conformity with Convention and Tradition
Authors: Dockrat MAE (Ashraf) 
Published: June 2020

In this article, the role of convention and tradition in the interpretation and rendering of Qur’anic verses are discussed. An overview is given of the reciprocal relationship between Muslim theology and that which is usually referred to as the “Sciences of the Qur’an”. Selected examples of the rendering of specific Qur’anic verses are analysed, illustrating the influence (or presumed influence) of classical interpretative sources and convention on the translation of the meanings of the Qur’an.
La Propiedad Intelectual y desarrollo: Problemas para la capitalización de activos intangibles
Authors: Gálvez René Antonio 
Published: June 2020

En el presente artí­culo se abordan cuestiones referentes a la gestión de la Propiedad Intelectual desde la legislación y las polí­ticas públicas y la importancia que tiene en la esfera del desarrollo social en la actualidad, además se habla acerca del poco interés prestado por parte de la academia ecuatoriana al estudio de mecanismos para optimizar la capitalización de activos intangibles de Propiedad Intelectual y permitir de esta manera el pleno goce de sus frutos por su titular, es así­ que en las siguientes lí­neas se mencionarán algunos aspectos importantes a ser considerados para que la gestión de Derechos de propiedad Intelectual en el Ecuador refleje las necesidades de la cuarta revolución industrial y el mercado global en la actualidad.
ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA KARYAWAN BAGIAN PRODUKSI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE FULL TIME EQUIVALENT (FTE) DI UD ROTI ALVINE
Authors: Madiun Widya S. , Kakerissa Ariviana L. 
Published: June 2020

UD Roti Alvine merupakan Perusahaan Rumahan atau Home Industry yang bergerak dibidang produksi roti (Usaha Bakery). Hasil pengamatan awal ditemukan bahwa, Para pekerja bagian produksi melakukan pekerjaan rangkap yakni tidak adanya ketidakjelasan tugas dan tanggungjawab para pekerjanya. Tentu hal ini juga berpengaruh pada output yang dihasilkan, salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi adalah beban kerja yang diberikan oleh perusahaan kepada karyawan. Untuk itu pihak perusahaan harus memperhatikan beban kerja yang akan diberikan kepada karyawan agar tercapai produktivitas yang optimal. Analisa beban kerja sangat penting untuk menghitung tepatnya berapa banyak karyawan yang dibutuhkan untuk menyelesaikan semua tugas di bagian atau departemen pada perusahaan. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan pengidentifikasian aktivitas tiap pekerja, menganalisis beban kerja bagi tiap pekerja dan jumlah kebutuhan karyawan bagian produksi dengan menggunakan metode Full Time Equivalent. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa beban kerja yang dihasilkan pekerja bagian produksi berdasarkan perhitungan beban kerja dengan Metode Full Time Equipment (FTE), rata-rata beban kerja dalam indeks FTE seluruh pekerja produksi berada pada kondisi Overload dengan nilai rata-rata Indeks FTE 1,89 dimana nilai tersebut > 1,28. Sedangkan jumlah kebutuhan tenaga kerja optimal pekerja bagian produksi adalah 9 karyawan.
Electoral Performance and Mobilization of Opposition Parties in Russia
Authors: Semenov Andrei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper documents the patterns of opposition parties’ engagement with street politics in Russia. It claims that in the electoral authoritarian regimes like Russia under Vladimir Putin, public protests remain a viable instrument for reaching out to the constituencies and eliciting concessions from the regime. In addition, collective actions signal commitment and strength and help to overcome the media blockade usually imposed by the state. However, in order to be a successful player in contentious politics, parties have to develop organizational capacity. Using the data on more than 7000 protest events that took place in Russia in 2012–2015, I show that the regional party branches with higher electoral returns in federal and regional elections organize more protest events controlling for other possible determinants of mobilization. The Communist Party remains the major mobilizing force covering a large array of issues and demands. However, the loyal opposition—LDPR and Just Russia—and the liberal parties like Yabloko and People’s Freedom Party also consistently stage the public protests with their electoral performance on the regional level being associated with the level of their protest activity. Overall, the study shows that the organizational capacity of the opposition is necessary though insufficient condition for the parties to engage with street politics.