bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAN‐mediated Oxidative Coupling‐Reaction of Xanthenes with Enaminones
Authors: Zhang Changyuan , Qiu Yun , Zhang Jiantao , Chen Lulu , Xu Shuting , Guo Huosheng , Luo Jian , Tan Yao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn efficient CAN‐mediated C−C bond formation in the oxidative reactions of xanthenes with enaminones under mild reaction conditions are described. A variety of 9H‐xanthene‐9‐ylidene aldehydes could be synthesized in up to 90% yield via one‐pot manner with good functional group compatibility, which achieved the simultaneous construction of carbon‐carbon double bond and carbon‐oxygen double bond.
Atomically Precise Preorganization of Open Metal Sites on Gold Nanoclusters with High Catalytic Performance
Authors: Yuan Shang‐Fu , Lei Zhen , Guan Zong‐Jie , Wang Quan‐Ming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGold nanoclusters with surface open sites are crucial for practical applications in catalysis. We have developed a surface geometric mismatch strategy by using mixed ligands of different type of hindrance. When bulky phosphine Ph3P and planar dipyridyl amine (Hdpa) are simultaneously used, steric repulsion between the ligands will reduce the ligand coverage of gold clusters. A well‐defined access granted gold nanocluster [Au23(Ph3P)10(dpa)2Cl](SO3CF3)2 (Au23, dpa=dipyridylamido) has been successfully synthesized. Single crystal structural determination reveals that Au23 has eight uncoordinated gold atoms in the shape of a distorted bicapped triangular prism. The accessibility of the exposed Au atoms has been confirmed quantitatively by luminescent titration with 2‐naphthalenethiol. This cluster has excellent performance toward selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and demonstrates excellent stability due to the protection of negatively charged multidentate ligand dpa.
Unconventional Photocatalysis in Conductive Polymers: Reversible Modulation of PEDOT:PSS Conductivity by Long‐Lived Poly(Heptazine Imide) Radicals
Authors: Savateev Aleksandr , Markushyna Yevheniia , Schüßlbauer Christoph M. , Ullrich Tobias , Guldi Dirk M. , Antonietti Markus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn photocatalysis, small organic molecules are converted into desired products using light responsive materials, electromagnetic radiation, and electron mediators. Substitution of low molecular weight reagents with redox active functional materials may increase the utility of photocatalysis beyond organic synthesis and environmental applications. Guided by the general principles of photocatalysis, we design hybrid nanocomposites composed of n‐type semiconducting potassium poly(heptazine imide) (K‐PHI), and p‐type conducting poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as the redox active substrate. Electrical conductivity of the hybrid nanocomposite, possessing optimal K‐PHI content, is reversibly modulated combining a series of external stimuli ranging from visible light under inert conditions and to dark conditions under an O2 atmosphere. Using a conductive polymer as the redox active substrate allows study of the photocatalytic processes mediated by semiconducting photocatalysts through electrical conductivity measurements.
Study of tensor product model alternatives
Authors: Kuczmann Miklós 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA tensor product (TP) model has an infinite number of alternatives. These variants can be readily derived by the TP model transformation that can variate the number of fuzzy rules, the number of antecedent and consequent sets and, further, the shape of the antecedent fuzzy sets. The related literature has quite deep analysis that modifying these features of a TP model has a crucial role in further design. The latest variants of the TP model transformation, emerged about a year ago, are capable of variating the input space of a TP model. The goal of this paper is to analyse this recently emerged new feature through the example of the gantry crane state space model.
Targeted systemic dendrimer delivery of CSF‐1R inhibitor to tumor‐associated macrophages improves outcomes in orthotopic glioblastoma
Authors: Liaw Kevin , Reddy Rajsekhar , Sharma Anjali , Li Jiangyu , Chang Michelle , Sharma Rishi , Salazar Sebastian , Kannan Sujatha , Kannan Rangaramanujam M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most common and aggressive form of primary brain cancer, with median survival of 16–20 months and a 5‐year survival rates of <5%. Recent advances in immunotherapies have shown that addressing the tumor immune profile by targeting the colony‐stimulating factor 1 (CSF‐1) signaling pathway of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) has the potential to improve glioblastoma therapy. However, such therapies have shown limited successes in clinical translation partially due to lack of specific cell targeting in solid tumors and systemic toxicity. In this study, we present a novel hydroxyl dendrimer‐mediated immunotherapy to deliver CSF‐1R inhibitor BLZ945 (D‐BLZ) from systemic administration selectively to TAMs in glioblastoma brain tumors to repolarize the tumor immune environment in a localized manner. We show that conjugation of BLZ945 to dendrimers enables sustained release in intracellular and intratumor conditions. We demonstrate that a single systemic dose of D‐BLZ targeted to TAMs decreases pro‐tumor expression in TAMs and promotes cytotoxic T cell infiltration, resulting in prolonged survival and ameliorated disease burden compared to free BLZ945. Our results demonstrate that dendrimer‐drug conjugates can facilitate specific, localized manipulation of tumor immune responses from systemic administration by delivering immunotherapies selectively to TAMs, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy while reducing off‐target effects.
Novel, user‐friendly landmarks for localizing Baxter's nerve: A cadaveric study
Authors: Kim Inah , Nam Kyung Eun , Kang Minsuk , Ahn Min Young , Lee Jong In , Nam Yong Seok 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionIdentification of Baxter's nerve (BN) has proven challenging for less experienced practitioners using ultrasonography due to a lack of adequate landmarks. This study aimed to establish novel, user‐friendly anatomical landmarks and to describe useful structures to localize BN.Materials and MethodsWe examined 10 fresh cadaveric feet and identified the interobserver agreement of measuring three surface landmarks: the most medially protruded point on the medial malleolus (P), the navicular tuberosity (Q), and the center of the calcaneus (B). Next, 24 fresh cadaveric feet were used to identify the point of BN entry into the quadratus plantae (QP) muscle, which corresponds to the proximal BN impingement site. The rectangular coordinate system consisted of the origin (point P), X‐axis, extension line P–Q, and Y‐axis (the perpendicular line to the X‐axis). To consider various foot sizes, the X and Y values were divided by the P–Q length and were designated as the ratios X and Y.ResultsPoints P and Q showed smaller interobserver differences than that of point B. Ratios X and Y were 61.25 and 99.80%, respectively, for the QP. BN arose from the lateral plantar nerve in 20 of 24 specimens. The adjacent vessel was <3 mm from the entrapment site of BN in 20 of 24 specimens.ConclusionNew landmarks will improve the precision of localizing the entrapment site of BN and will provide advanced guidelines for podiatric patients.
Multifunctional in vitro bioactive properties: Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive of protein hydrolyzates from tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) obtained by enzymatic biotransformation
Authors: Chirinos Rosana , Cerna Elisabeth , Pedreschi Romina , Calsin Marienela , Aguilar‐Galvez Ana , Campos David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesTarwi is a legume that grows in the Andean region of Peru. This grain is characterized by having a high protein content (~42%). In order to generate added‐value products from this resource, the possibility of obtaining tarwi protein hydrolyzates (TPH) with in vitro bioactive properties was evaluated using Alcalase, Neutrase, and Flavourzyme enzymes, acting alone or in combination for up to 240 min. The in vitro evaluated properties were as follows: antioxidant (ABTS assay), antidiabetic (α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP‐IV) inhibition), and antihypertensive (angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐I (ACE) inhibition).FindingsThe TPH obtained from the different enzyme treatments exhibited important antioxidant, antidiabetic (specially for DPP‐IV inhibition), and antihypertensive properties. One‐stage treatment using Alcalase for 240 min and two sequential stage treatments with Alcalase–Neutrase for 180 min presented the highest ABTS antioxidant activity and lowest IC50 values for DPP‐IV and ACE corresponding to 2.0–1.95 µmol TE/mg, 2.14–2.61 and 0.16–0.11 mg/ml, respectively.ConclusionsThe results of this research demonstrate that TPH exhibit in vitro multifunctional bioactive properties.Significance and noveltyTPH could potentially be used in the prevention or management of chronic diseases related to the development of oxidative processes, diabetes, and hypertension.
Gastric ulcer penetration into liver: A case presentation and review of the literature
Authors: Stylianopoulou Lydia , Bartsokas Christos , Kalliakmanis Vasileios 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA giant gastric ulcer penetrating into liver is a rare entity. Information is limited and the management recommendations are not clear. The surgical team has to consider several factors, before choosing between a major or minor procedure.
Effect of Mesoporosity, Acidity and Crystal Size of Zeolite ZSM‐5 on Catalytic Performance during the Ex‐situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass
Authors: Hernández‐Giménez Ana M. , Heracleous Eleni , Pachatouridou Eleni , Horvat Andrej , Hernando Héctor , Serrano David P. , Lappas Angelos A. , Bruijnincx Pieter C. A. , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe catalytic performance of a set of technical, zeolite ZSM‐5 extruded materials have been studied in a bench scale unit for the ex‐situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis (CFP) of lignocellulosic biomass. The set of catalysts include micro‐ and mesoporous materials, with and without ZrO2‐promotion, with different Si/Al ratios and with micro‐ and nanosized zeolite crystals. Mesoporosity, acidity and crystal size play a key role on the overall catalytic performances in terms of activity and selectivity (i. e., in their ability to obtain the highest bio‐oil fraction with the lowest oxygen content), and also importantly, stability. Detailed post‐mortem bulk and micro‐spectroscopic studies of the solid catalysts complement the catalytic testing. The obtained results point towards coke deposits as the main cause for catalyst deactivation. Details of the nature, formation and evolution of these coke deposits revealed essential insights, which serve to evaluate the design of catalysts for the ex‐situ CFP of biomass. In particular the mesoporous catalysts are overall better preserved with increasing time‐on‐stream and deactivate later than their microporous counterparts, which suffer from pore blockage. Likewise, it was seen that ZrO2‐promotion contributed positively in the prevention against deactivation by hard coke spreading, thanks to its enhanced Lewis acidity. The zeolite's crystal size is another important characteristic to combine the different components within catalyst bodies, ensuring the proper interaction between zeolite, promoter and binder. This is illustrated by the nanocrystalline ZrO2/n‐ZSM‐5‐ATP material, which shows the best catalytic performance.
Iminoboronates as Dual‐Purpose Linkers in Chemical Probe Development
Authors: van der Zouwen Antonie J. , Jeucken Aike , Steneker Roy , Hohmann Katharina F. , Lohse Jonas , Slotboom Dirk J. , Witte Martin D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChemical probes that covalently modify proteins of interest are powerful tools for the research of biological processes. Important in the design of a probe is the choice of reactive group that forms the covalent bond, as it decides the success of a probe. However, choosing the right reactive group is not a simple feat and methodologies for expedient screening of different groups are needed. We herein report a modular approach that allows easy coupling of a reactive group to a ligand. α‐Nucleophile ligands are combined with 2‐formylphenylboronic acid derived reactive groups to form iminoboronate probes that selectively label their target proteins. A transimination reaction on the labeled proteins with an α‐amino hydrazide provides further modification, for example to introduce a fluorophore.
Insights into granular mixing in vertical ribbon mixers
Authors: Golshan Shahab , Blais Bruno 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this research, granular mixing in vertical ribbon mixers was studied by means of discrete element method (DEM) simulations. Time‐averaged velocity distributions, granular mixing, mean square displacement of tracer particles, diffusion coefficients, and Peclet number in axial and azimuthal directions were used to find the flow pattern of particles and the dominant mixing mechanisms. Strong azimuthal motion of particles was observed, and it was found that by decreasing the height in the mixer, this azimuthal motion becomes stronger. The effects of rotating speed, fill level, and filling method were studied on the quality of mixing, where the quality of mixing was assessed using relative SD mixing index. It was found that by increasing the rotation speed from ωs = 60 rpm‐120 rpm, the mixing quality improves in a linear trend. Decreasing the fill level from 12 cm‐11 cm did not change the mixing quality, while with further decrease of the fill level to 10 cm, the mixing quality was improved. The mixing quality was also much better when the powder was inserted side‐to‐side instead of in axial layers.
Separation of propylene and propane by functional mixture of imidazolium thiocyanate ionic liquid‐organic solvent‐cuprous salt
Authors: Alhumaydhi Ibrahim A. , Abro Rashid , Mazari Shaukat Ali , Abro Masroor , Nizamuddin Sabzoi , Memon Abdul Q. , Yu Guangren 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis work presented the preparation of two new systems comprised of ionic liquids (ILs), organic solvent, and cuprous salt. Consequently, their absorption ability was investigated for propylene (C3H6) and propane (C3H8) and their mixtures at 100 kPa‐700 kPa pressure and 298 K‐318 K temperature. Representative ILs were 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate ([C4mim]SCN) and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate ([C2mim]SCN). N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN) were selected for the absorption system. The effects of operating parameters like Cu+ concentration, pressure, temperature, and recycling of ILs absorbency were examined and compared with the literature. It was observed that C3H6 shows a chemical absorption while C3H8 undergoes a physical one by [C4mim]SCN‐DMF‐CuSCN and [C2mim]SCN‐DMF‐CuSCN, and an increase in concentration of Cu + effectively improves the absorption capability for C3H6 and the selectivity of C3H6/C3H8. Furthermore, [C4mim]SCN‐DMF‐CuSCN had higher absorption capability and selectivity for C3H6 than [C2mim]SCN‐DMF‐CuSCN. [C4mim]SCN‐CuSCN‐2.0 M absorbed 0.637 mol of C3H6 per litre while 0.16 mol of C3H8 per litre at 700 kPa and 298 K, with a selectivity of 3.9. This work shows that new combination of organic solvent and ILs with Cu+ salt is a new class of potential reactive absorbents to separate C3H6 and C3H8.
Influence of corporate social responsibility on sustainable practices of small and medium‐sized enterprises: Implications on business performance
Authors: Bacinello Edilson , Tontini Gérson , Alberton Anete 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe strategic approach of corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be associated with sustainable practices, being considered as a source of value creation that generates competitive advantage and superior performance for companies. This perspective notes that the use of economic, social, and environmental resources and capacities can individually contribute to improving business performance (BP). The present study analyzes the strategic influence of the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of CSR on the performance of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Using a sample of 103 companies based in Brazil, the results indicate that SMEs can strategically use their resources and related capacities mainly for social and environmental issues, followed by the economic dimension of CSR, as an opportunity to create value and generate advantage competitive with rivals. Additionally, these three dimensions of CSR, with emphasis on the social aspect, can also provide better levels of BP in SMEs compared to competitors.
Ray flower initiation in the Helianthus radula inflorescence is influenced by a functional allele of the HrCYC2c gene
Authors: Fambrini Marco , Bernardi Rodolfo , Pugliesi Claudio 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe radiate pseudanthium, with actinomorphic disk flowers surrounded by showy marginal zygomorphic ray flowers, is the most common inflorescence in the Helianthus genus. In Helianthus radula, ray flower primordia are normally absent at the dorsal domain of the inner phyllaries (discoid heads) while the occurrence of radiate inflorescences is uncommon. In Helianthus spp., flower symmetry and inflorescence architecture are mainly controlled by CYCLOIDEA (CYC)‐like genes but the putative role of these genes in the development of discoid inflorescences has not been investigate. Three CYC genes of H. radula with a role in ray flower identity (HrCYC2c, HrCYC2d, and HrCYC2e) were isolated. The phylogenetic analysis placed these genes within the CYC2 subclade. We identified two different alleles for the HrCYC2c gene. A mutant allele, designed HrCYC2c‐m, shows a thymine to adenine transversion, which generates a TGA stop codon after a translation of 14 amino acids. We established homozygous dominant (HrCYC2c/HrCYC2c) and recessive (HrCYC2c‐m/HrCYC2c‐m) plants for this nonsense mutation. Inflorescences of both HrCYC2c/HrCYC2c and HrCYC2c/HrCYC2c‐m plants initiated ray flowers, despite at low frequency. By contrast, plants homozygous for the mutant allele (HrCYC2c‐m/HrCYC2c‐m) failed at all to develop ray flowers. The results support, for the first time, a role of the HrCYC2c gene on the initiation of ray flower primordia. However, also in the two dominant phenotypes, discoid heads are the prevalent architecture suggesting that this gene is required but not sufficient to initiate ray flowers in pseudanthia. Other unknown major genes are most likely required in the shift from discoid to radiate inflorescence.
Child pain‐related injustice appraisals mediate the relationship between just‐world beliefs and pain‐related functioning
Authors: Daenen Frederick , McParland Joanna , Baert Fleur , Miller Megan Marie , Hirsh Adam Todd , Vervoort Tine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundResearch among adult and paediatric samples suggests that pain‐related injustice appraisals contribute to adverse pain‐related functioning. However, a singular focus on pain‐related injustice appraisals carries the risk of underestimating the role of broader concepts of justice. This study examined the unique roles of child pain‐related injustice appraisals and just‐world beliefs in understanding disability and physical, emotional, social and academic functioning, as well as the mediating role of injustice appraisals in the relationship between just‐world beliefs and functioning.MethodsParticipants comprised a school sample of 2,174 children (Study 1) and a clinical sample of 146 paediatric chronic pain patients (Study 2) who completed the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ), Personal and General Belief in a Just World scales (JWB‐P/G), Functional Disability Inventory (FDI), Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Children (PCS‐C) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PEDSQL).ResultsFor both samples, child pain‐related injustice appraisals were associated with poorer functioning, after controlling for just‐world beliefs, catastrophizing, pain intensity, age and sex. In the school sample, injustice appraisals mediated the associations of both personal and general just‐world beliefs with functioning. In the clinical sample, injustice appraisals mediated the association of personal, but not general, just‐world beliefs with all functioning scales.ConclusionsThe current findings attest to the unique role of pain‐related injustice appraisals in understanding child pain‐related functioning and their explanatory value in understanding the relationship between fundamental just‐world beliefs and child pain‐related functioning.SignificanceThe present study adds to emerging literature on the adverse effects of child pain‐related injustice appraisals in the context of pain, through showing that pain‐related injustice appraisals are uniquely associated with pain‐related functioning and mediate the relationship between just‐world beliefs and pain‐related functioning. These findings suggest that interventions may target pain‐related injustice appraisals as a mechanism for change in children.
American option pricing: Optimal Lattice models and multidimensional efficiency tests
Authors: Shang Qianru , Byrne Brian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe introduce a set of lattice techniques to the Leisen‐Reimer and Tian binomial models with a view to accelerating computation time and improving accuracy of American Option valuation. A level of accuracy and efficiency combined can be achieved that surpass commonly used analytical analogues. We compare these efficient lattice models with analytical formulae for pricing different groups of options according to the deepness of American quality and moneyness. Our results reveal that counter to received wisdom, lattices constructs produce greater speed and accuracy for all option categories relative to the best performing closed form American analogues.
The concept of design block size – A critical review of ONR 24810 “Technical Protection against Rockfall”
Authors: Illeditsch Mariella , Preh Alexander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn Austria, the Guideline for “Technical Protection against Rockfall”, named ONR 24810 provides guidance to assess rockfall hazard (at object scale) by determining a so‐called design block size. The aim of this article is to critically review the concept of design block size and to suggest alternatives. The design block size is derived from a block size distribution and event frequency, both of which may be very uncertain. Modelling a single “constant” design block may result in trajectories far away from reality. The design approaches of ONR 24810 and Eurocode 7 are compared. A case study is presented and discussed. Reducing input parameters at the beginning of the design approach results in apparent characteristic energy levels and bounce heights, which are not characteristic, as defined by EC7. By disregarding all small and the biggest blocks, valuable information of maximum energy levels and bounce heights is lost. The entire block size distribution should be used for rockfall simulations, rather than a single block size. Fragmentation should be considered, if applicable.