bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A collagen membrane influences bone turnover marker in vivo after bone augmentation with xenogenic bone
Authors: Staedt Henning , Dau Michael , Schiegnitz Eik , Thiem Daniel G.E. , Tagadiuc Olga , Palarie Victor , Ottl Peter , Al-Nawas Bilal , Kammerer Peer W 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim was to compare early biochemical and histological osseous healing of chronic mandibular defects regenerated with bovine bone substitute with and without collagen membrane in vivo.Methods: Eight weeks after formation of a lateral full-thickness two-wall defect in the mandible of 40 rabbits, bovine bone substitute with (“+”;n=20) and without (“-“;n=20) collagen membrane was applied. Blood and bone was collected 24, 72 hours, 7, 14 and 21 days after surgery. Total acid phosphatase, bone acid phosphatase, total alkaline phosphatase and bone alkaline phosphatase activities were compared between groups. Formation of new bone was quantified histologically for all time points.Results: Twenty-four hours after surgery, bone alkaline phosphatase was significantly elevated in “+” group when compared to “-“ (p=0.012). After 72 hours, all bone turnover markers except for total acid phosphatase (p=0.078) where significantly elevated in “+” (all p<0.05). 14 days after surgery, the significant highest values for all bone turnover markers were detected in “-“ (all p<0.05). A significant difference in favor of group “-“ could also be detected after 3 weeks in terms of both acid phosphatases (p<0.05). In histology, no significant differences could be detected.Conclusion: Bone regeneration with bovine bone substitute material and collagen membrane shows a significantly earlier bone remodeling activity but does not seem to influence formation of new bone in histological samples.
Binding of human serum proteins to P.&nbsp;falciparum-infected erythrocytes and its association with malaria clinical presentation&nbsp;
Authors: Lopez-Perez Mary , Puije William van der , Castberg Filip C. , Ofori Michael F. , Hviid Lars 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is related to the ability of parasite‑infected erythrocytes (IEs) to adhere to the vascular endothelium (cytoadhesion/sequestration) or to surrounding uninfected erythrocytes (rosetting). Both processes are mediated by the expression of members of the clonally variant PfEMP1 parasite protein family on the surface of the IEs. Recent evidence obtained with laboratory-adapted clones indicates that P. falciparum can exploit human serum factors, such as IgM and α2‑macroglobulin (α2M), to increase the avidity of PfEMP1-mediated binding to erythrocyte receptors, as well as to evade host PfEMP1-specific immune responses. It has remained unclear whether PfEMP1 variants present in field isolates share these characteristics, and whether they are associated with clinical malaria severity. These issues were investigated here.MethodsChildren 1-12 years reporting with P. falciparum malaria to Hohoe Municipal Hospital, Ghana were enrolled in the study. Parasites from children with uncomplicated (UM) and severe malaria (SM) were collected. Binding of α2M and IgM from non-immune individuals to erythrocytes infected by P. falciparum isolates from 34 children (UM and SM) were analysed by flow cytometry. Rosetting in the presence of IgM or α2M was also evaluated. Experimental results were analysed according to the clinical presentation of the patients.ResultsClinical data from 108 children classified as UM (n=54) and SM cases (n=54) were analysed. Prostration, severe malaria anaemia, and hyperparasitaemia were the most frequent complications. Three children were diagnosed with cerebral malaria, and one child died. Parasite isolates from UM (n=14) and SM (n=20) children were analysed. Most of the field isolates bound non‑immune IgM (33/34), whereas the α2M-binding was less common (23/34). Binding of both non-immune IgM and α2M was higher but not significant in IEs from children with SM than from children with UM. In combination, IgM and α2M supported rosette formation at levels similar to that observed in the presence of 10% human serum.ConclusionsThe results support the hypothesis that binding of non-immune IgM and/or α2M to IEs facilitates rosette formation and perhaps contributes to P. falciparum malaria severity.
Numerical study on the influence of initial ambient temperature on the aerodynamic heating in the tube train system
Authors: Bao Shijie , Hu Xiao , Wang Jukun , Ma Tianhao , Rao Yingyu , Deng Zigang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The evacuated tube transportation has great potential in the future because of its advantages of energy saving and environmental protection. The train runs in the closed tube at ultra-high speed. Because the heat quantity generated by aerodynamic heating is not easy to spread to external environment and will accumulate in the tube, the phenomenon that the ambient temperature in the tube will gradually rise will be induced. In this paper, a three-dimensional geometric model and the Shear Stress Transport (SST) κ-ω turbulence model are used to study the influence of initial ambient temperature on the structure of the flow field in the tube. Simulation results show that when the train runs at transonic speed, the supersonic flow region with low temperature and low-pressure is produced in the wake. The structure of the flow field of the wake will change with the initial ambient temperature. And the higher the initial ambient temperature, the shorter the low temperature region in the wake. The larger temperature difference caused by the low temperature region may increase the temperature stress of the tube and affect the equipment inside the tube. Consequently, the temperature inside the tube can be maintained at a reasonable value to reduce the influence of the low temperature region in the wake on the system.
Deregulation and pricing of medical services: A policy experiment based in China
Authors: Zang Wenbin , Zhou Mei , Zhao Shaoyang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Price regulation is a common constraint in Chinese hospitals. Based on a policy experiment conducted in China on the price deregulation of private nonprofit hospitals, this study empirically examines the impact of medical service price regulation on the pricing of medical services by hospitals. Methods: Using the claim data of insured inpatients residing in a major Chinese city for the period 2010–2015, this study constructs a DID (difference-in-differences) model to compare the impact of price deregulation on medical expenditure and expenditure structure between public and private nonprofit hospitals. Results: The empirical results based on micro data reveal that, price deregulated significantly increased the total expenditure per inpatient visit by 10.5%. In the itemized expenditure, the diagnostic test and drug expenditure per inpatient visit of private nonprofit hospitals decreased significantly, whereas the physician service expenditure per inpatient visit increased significantly. For expenditure structure, the proportions of drug expenditure and diagnostic test expenditure per inpatient visit significantly decreased by 5.7% and 3.1%, respectively. Conclusions: Under price regulation, medical service prices generally become lower than their costs. Therefore, after price deregulation, private nonprofit hospitals increase medical service prices above their cost and achieve the service premium by providing high-quality medical services and a comfortable medical environment. Further, although price deregulation causes patient expenditure to increase to a certain level, it optimizes the expenditure structure, as well.
Hyperhomocysteinemia and Dyslipidemia in point mutation G307S of cystathionine β-synthase-deficient rabbit generated using CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Zhang Ting , Lu Rui , Chen Yibing , Yuan Yuguo , Song Shaozheng , Yan Kunning , Zha Yiwen , Zhuang Wenwen , Cheng Yong , Liang Jingyan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Congenital hyper-homocysteinemia (HHcy) is caused by a defective cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) gene, and is frequently associated with dyslipdemia. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the effect of mutated CBS gene on circulating lipids using a rabbit model harboring a homozygous G307S point mutation in CBS.Methods: CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to edit the CBS gene in rabbit embryos. The founder rabbits were sequenced, and their plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and lipid profile were analyzed.Results: Six CBS-knockout (CBS-KO) founder lines with biallelic modifications were obtained. Mutation in CBS caused significant growth retardation and high mortality rates within 6 weeks after birth. In addition, the 6-week old CBS-KO rabbits showed higher plasma levels of Hcy, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared to the age-matched wild-type (WT) controls. Histological analysis of the mutants showed accumulation of micro-vesicular cytoplasmic lipid droplets in the hepatocytes. However, gastric infusion of vitamin B and betaine complex significantly decreased the plasma levels of TG, TC and LDL-C in the CBS-KO rabbits, and alleviated hepatic steatosis compared to the untreated animals.Conclusion: A CBSG307S rabbit model was generated that exhibited severe dyslipidemia when fed on a normal diet, indicating that G307S mutation in the CBS gene is a causative factor for dyslipidemia.
Clinical Features of Trousseau's Syndrome with Multiple Acute Ischemic Strokes
Authors: Ling Yitong , Li Yinye , Zhang Xiaoyu , Dong Lihua , Yao Dongxiao , Wang Jin-Tao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background:Trousseau’s syndrome can cause venous or arterial thrombosis, multiple acute ischemic strokes (MAIS) caused by Trousseau’s syndrome is rare. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical features of Trousseau's syndrome with MAIS, and to improve the awareness and the knowledge of this disease.Methods:Clinical data from fifteen patients who were diagnosed as Trousseau's Syndrome with MAIS in Rizhao people's Hospital from January 2017 to April 2020 were collected and analyzed. The clinical data included the following: Patients’ basic information, laboratory results, imaging features, treatment regimens, and short-term prognoses were collected.Results:The mean age was 65.5 years, with thirteen males and two females. Most patients (11/15) had a history of smoking and (or) drinking. The average score of NIHSS was 2.13. 6 of the 15 patients first presented with ischemic stroke, and then found the primary tumor. Most common types of primary tumor was lung cancer (11/15), other types of primary tumor were gastric adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, esophageal adenosquamous carcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma (one in each). All the 15 patients showed different levels of increase of D-dimer. The increase in CRP appears in 10 of the 15 patients. Various tumor markers were increased in the 15 patients, Especially for CYFRA-211, all the patients of which were higher than normal. All of the 15 patients had multiple vascular territories lesions in DWI, and most lesions were near the cortex areas. Only 4 of the 15 patients (26.7%) occurred with Peripheral venous thrombosis. 13 patients were given low molecular heparin for anticoagulant therapy, of which 9 patients were improved in short-term while 4 patients were not.Conclusion:Trousseau's syndrome with MAIS was associated with old-age male, smoking and (or) drinking history, low NIHSS score, increased D-dimer, CRP and tumor markers, lesions near the cortex areas with multiple vascular territories in DWI. Patients with these features should be alert of malignant tumor. Most common types of primary tumor were lung cancer. Treatment with Low molecular heparin may be effective in short-term.
Donor Derived Cell Free DNA Kinetics Post Kidney Transplant Biopsy
Authors: Kyeso Yousuf , Bhalla Anshul , Smith Alyssa P , Jia Yaqi , Alakhdhair Safa , Ogir Stephanie C , Abuzeineh Mohammad , Brennan Daniel C , Alasfar Sami 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background:Donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) has generated interest as a biomarker for kidney transplant (KT) rejection. It is possible that the KT biopsy procedure can cause the release of dd-cfDNA, therefore affecting the reliability of this assay in the post biopsy period. In this study we evaluated the effect of KT biopsy on the kinetics of dd-cfDNA.Methods:We conducted a single arm prospective study. Samples were collected from 16 adult KT recipients undergoing KT biopsy. All participants had samples drawn within eight hours prior to the biopsy (pre-biopsy), within 20 minutes (hour 0), 2 hours (hour 2), and 24-48 hours (hours 24-48) after the biopsy. We evaluated the change in dd-cfDNA from the pre-biopsy time point to the following 3 time points after the biopsy.Results:At hour 0 and hour 2, there was a significantly larger log dd-cfDNA mean score compared to the pre-biopsy score [Least square mean (LSM) estimate 0.4 (0.17, 0.63) and 0.39 (0.09, 0.68) respectively]. By 24-28 hours post biopsy there was no significant difference in log dd-cfDNA mean score compared to the pre-biopsy score [LSM estimate -0.21 (-0.6, 0.19)]. Conclusion:KT biopsy leads to an increase in dd-cfDNA after the procedure, however, this rise is transient and resolves by 24-48 hour after the biopsy. Providers can obtain dd-cfDNA level as soon as 48 hours post biopsy with high confidence that the levels have not been affected by the biopsy. In addition, our findings suggest possible non-traditional reasons for increase in dd-cfDNA such as mechanical reasons.
Deciphering Disparities in Childhood Stunting in an Underdeveloped State of India: An Investigation Applying the Unconditional Quantile Regression Method
Authors: Ghosh Saswata , Sharma Santosh Kumar , Bhattacharya Debarshi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundUnacceptably high rate of childhood stunting for decades remained a puzzle in the eastern Indian state of Bihar. Despite various programmatic interventions, nearly half of the under-five children (numerically about 10 million) are still stunted in this resource-constrained state. Data and MethodsUsing four successive rounds of National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data spread over more than two decades and by employing quantile regressions and counterfactual decomposition (QR-CD), the present study aims to assess effects of various endowments as well as returns to those endowments in disparities in childhood stunting over the period. Results The results show that although the child’s height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) disparity largely accounted for differing levels of endowments during the earlier decades, in the later periods, inadequate access to the benefits from various development programmes was also found responsible for HAZ disparities. Moreover, effects of endowments and their returns varied across quantiles. We argue that apart from equalizing endowments, ensuring adequate access to different nutrition-centric programmes is essential to lessen the burden of childhood stunting. ConclusionThe state must focus on intersectoral convergence of different schemes in the form of state nutrition mission, and, strengthen nutrition-centric policy processes and their political underpinnings to harness better dividend.
A Case Report of Classical Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor with an Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma Component
Authors: Hu YiFan , JIAN SHUNHAI , wen bin , he linli , huang yifan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background:Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common primary mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract.a small number of GIST patients showed morphologic and immunohistochemical phenotypes change after taking the selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib.Case presentation :A 64-year-old Asian man was referred to a hospital for dizziness and anemia. Then the patient received imatinib for 11 months after the discovery of a gastric stromal tumor, and had the tumor surgically removed. We found that the classical GIST region was juxtaposed to a undifferentiated component of pleomorphic sarcoma. The genetic test results of the patient showed that the 11 exon of C-Kit gene was homozygous deletion, and the 567 codon of the 12 exon of PDGFRα was homozygous mutation. We infer that the patient showed rare dedifferentiation change after taking the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) imatinib（IM）.Conclusions:Together with reported cases, awareness of this rare clinical entity and its potential occurrence following Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)treatment could prevent a diagnostic pitfall. The case report reminds us of the diagnosis in GIST that the possibility of dedifferentiation in GISTs should always be considered when an undifferentiated sarcoma component is identified in the gastrointestinal tract.
Association between nontraditional lipid profiles and peripheral arterial disease in Chinese adults with hypertension
Authors: Ding Congcong , Chen Yang , Shi Yumeng , Li Minghui , Hu Lihua , Zhou Wei , Wang Tao , Zhu Lingjuan , Huang Xiao , Bao Huihui , Cheng Xiaoshu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Data on the relationship of nontraditional lipid profiles [total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, triglyceride (TG)/HDL-C ratio, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C ratio, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C)] with the risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD) are limited. The present study investigated the relationship of nontraditional lipid indices with PAD in hypertensive patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 10,900 adults with hypertension. Participants were diagnosed with PAD when their ankle-brachial index (ABI) < 0.9. The association of nontraditional lipid profiles with PAD was examined using multivariate logistic regression analysis and the restricted cubic spline.Results: All nontraditional lipid indices were independently and positively associated with PAD in a dose-response fashion. After multivariable adjustment, the per SD increments of the TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratios and non-HDL-C were all significantly associated with 37%, 14%, 40%, and 24% higher risk for PAD, respectively. The adjusted ORs (95% CI) for PAD were 1.77 (1.31, 2.40), 1.71 (1.25, 2.34), 2.03 (1.50, 2.74), and 1.70 (1.25, 2.31) when comparing the highest tertile to the lowest tertile of the TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratios and non-HDL-C, respectively. Conclusions: Among Chinese hypertensive adults, all nontraditional lipid indices were positively associated with PAD, and the LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C ratios were better for predicting PAD than other nontraditional lipid indices, which may improve the risk stratification of cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia management. Trial registration: CHiCTR, ChiCTR1800017274. Registered 20 July 2018
Stimulation-induced differential redistributions of clathrin and clathrin-coated vesicles in axons compared to soma/dendrites
Authors: Tao-Cheng Jung-Hwa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis plays an important role in the recycling of synaptic vesicle in presynaptic terminals, and in the recycling of transmitter receptors in neuronal soma/dendrites. The present study uses electron microscopy (EM) and immunogold EM to document the different categories of clathrin-coated vesicles (CCV) and pits (CCP) in axons compared to soma/dendrites, and the depolarization-induced redistribution of clathrin in these two polarized compartments of the neuron. The size of CCVs in presynaptic terminals (~40 nm; similar to the size of synaptic vesicles) is considerably smaller than the size of CCVs in soma/dendrites (~90 nm). Furthermore, neuronal stimulation induces an increase in the number of CCV/CCP in presynaptic terminals, but a decrease in soma/dendrites. Immunogold labeling of clathrin revealed that in presynaptic terminals under resting conditions, the majority of clathrin molecules are unassembled and concentrated outside of synaptic vesicle clusters. Upon depolarization with high K+, label for clathrin became scattered among de-clustered synaptic vesicles and moved closer to the presynaptic active zone. In contrast to axons, clathrin-labeled CCVs and CCPs were prominent in soma/dendrites under resting conditions, and became inconspicuous upon depolarization with high K+. Thus, EM examination suggests that the regulation and mechanism of clathrin-mediated endocytosis differ between axon and dendrite, and that clathrrin redistributes differently in these two neuronal compartments upon depolarization.
Various radiological findings in Indonesian patients with COVID-19: a case series
Authors: Riawati Theresia , Indrarto Wikan , Fauzi Aditya Rifqi , Gunadi  
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Plain chest X-rays (CXRs) are considered more effective and useful for the initial screening and follow-up of patients with COVID-19. Moreover, radiological evaluation of suspected COVID-19 patients is required for early detection of thoracic involvement, particularly in emergency units, while waiting for definitive diagnosis by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Here, we report a case series of CXR findings in Indonesian patients with COVID-19 in our institution.Case presentations: We included 7 patients with COVID-19 confirmed by RT-PCR, including 4 females and 3 males, with ages ranging from 36–71 years. All patients showed abnormal findings on CXR when admitted to the hospital, except one, composed of ground glass opacity (GGO) (n=1), consolidation (n=3), and both (n=2). Both and one side of the lung were affected in three and three (left side=2; right side=1) patients, respectively. Pneumonia degrees of mild, moderate and severe were observed in three, one, and two patients, respectively. All patients eventually recovered.Conclusions: CXR showed various abnormality findings in patients with COVID-19, including the type, location, and degree of pneumonia.