bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D‐Graphene Decorated with g‐C3N4/Cu3P Composite: A Noble Metal‐free Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Riyajuddin Sk. , Tarik Aziz S. K. , Kumar Sushil , Nessim Gilbert D. , Ghosh Kaushik 
Published: December 2019

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting, which generates both hydrogen and oxygen, using highly efficient and low‐cost noble metal‐free (Pt, Ru, Ir etc.) electrocatalyst is an economical and green approach for the alternative energy source. Due to their conductivity, durability and long‐term stability, carbonaceous containing hybrid materials are used as promising electrodes for total water splitting. Herein, the design of metal‐phosphide (Cu3P) with graphitic carbon‐nitride (g‐C3N4) nanocomposite on 3D‐graphene is reported, a new model electrocatalyst that in turn, render superior electrocatalytic performance with long‐term stability. The excellent electrocatalytic performance is analyzed in terms of overpotentials of 67 mV and 255 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 with a small Tafel slope of 45 and 40 mV/dec for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. The overall water splitting performance has been tested in 1 M KOH electrolyte, and the catalyst exhibits a very low cell voltage of 1.54 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm2 with impressive stability of at least 35 hours with no loss of potential. This work sheds new insight into the design and synthesis of highly stable electrocatalyst that could be an apt choice for an attractive paradigm for commercial water electrolysis in renewable electrochemical energy conversion.
Band‐Gap and Charge Transfer Engineering in Red Phosphorus‐Based Composites for Enhanced Visible‐Light‐Driven H2 Evolution
Authors: Xuan Ying , Quan Huiying , Shen Zhurui , Zhang Chenxi , Yang Xiyuan , Lou Lan‐Lan , Liu Shuangxi , Yu Kai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt is known that the low lifetime of photogenerated carriers is the main drawback of elemental photocatalysts. Therefore, a facile and versatile one‐step strategy to simultaneously achieve the oxygen covalent functionalization of amorphous red phosphorus (RP) and in situ modification of CdCO3 is reported. This strategy endows RP with enhanced charge carrier separation ability and photocatalytic activity by coupling band‐gap engineering and heterojunction construction. The as‐prepared nCdCO3/SO‐RP (n=0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0) composites exhibited excellent photocatalytic H2 evolution activity (up to 516.3 μmol g−1 h) from visible‐light‐driven water splitting (λ>400 nm), which is about 17.6 times higher than that of pristine RP. By experimental and theoretical investigations, the roles of surface oxygen covalent functionalization, that is, prolonging the lifetime of photogenerated carriers and inducing the negative shift of the conduction band potential, were studied in detail. Moreover, the charge transfer mechanism of these composites has also been proposed. In addition, these composites are stable and can be reused at least for three times without significant activity loss. This work may provide a good example of how to promote the activity of elemental photocatalysts by decorating their atomic structure.
Pd‐Catalyzed Dearomatization of Indole Derivatives via Intermolecular Heck Reactions†
Authors: Yang Ping , Xu Ren‐Qi , Zheng Chao , You Shu‐Li 
Published: December 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionPd‐catalyzed intermolecular dearomative Heck reaction of indoles with aryl iodides is described. The challenges on both reactivity and regioselectivity are addressed by the judicious regulation of the geometric and electronic properties of the substrates. An array of indoline derivatives bearing C2‐quaternary center is obtained in good to excellent yields (up to 93%) with exclusive regioselectivity under operationally simple conditions. The mechanistic proposal is supported by detailed DFT calculations.
PROTOCOL: Studies of the effectiveness of interventions to improve the welfare of those affected by, and at risk of, homelessness in high‐income countries: An evidence and gap map
Authors: White Howard , Saran Ashrita , Fowler Ben , Portes Audrey , Fitzpatrick Suzanne , Teixeira Ligia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHomelessness – people living on the street, in temporary accommodation, or at risk of losing their homes – is a persistent problem across the developed world. Policies and programmes to tackle homelessness should be informed by evidence of effectiveness. This is the protocol for an evidence and gap map for studies of the effectiveness of interventions to improve the welfare of those experiencing homelessness or at risk of homelessness. We proposed a comprehensive search for studies, with systematic screening, coding and reporting. The available studies will be presented in an online interactive map together with a supporting report.
Comparison of usual care and the HEART score for effectively and safely discharging patients with low‐risk chest pain in the emergency department: would the score always help?
Authors: Wang Guangmei , Zheng Wen , Wu Shuo , Ma Jingjing , Zhang He , Zheng Jiaqi , Wang Jiali , Xu Feng , Chen Yuguo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTriage decisions for chest pain patients receiving usual care are based on a dynamic and comprehensive strategy performed in the physician's mind. It remains controversial whether simple, structured risk tools can surpass real, complex judgments.HypothesisThe potentially used History, Electrocardiogram, Age, Risk factors, Troponin (HEART) score would help identify low‐risk patients for discharge.MethodsPatients with acute, non‐traumatic chest pain managed according to usual care were consecutively enrolled in a tertiary university hospital in China from August 24, 2015 to September 30, 2017. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) included death, acute myocardial infarction, revascularization, and significant coronary stenosis (>50%) within 30 days. We compared the efficacy and safety of usual care and the potentially used HEART score in this population.ResultsOf 2185 patients analyzed, 926 (42.4%) patients were directly discharged by usual care, whereas HEART≤3 would have identified 524 (24.0%) patients as low‐risk (P < .001). The MACE rate in discharged patients was 2.2% (20/926) and would have been 5.2% (27/524) in those with HEART≤3 (P = .002). For discharged patients, the MACE rates in HEART≤3 vs HEART>3 groups were not significantly different (1.5% vs 2.7%, P = .225). Negative predictive value (NPV) was higher with usual care than with the HEART score (P = .003), but sensitivity was similar. For 340 patients with serial troponins, usual care was superior to the potentially used HEART score in regard to efficacy.ConclusionsAt this institution, usual care identified many more patients for discharge than the HEART score would have without apparently different outcomes in discharged patients with lower vs higher HEART scores. The HEART score would not appear to provide helpful risk stratification.
Inhibitory effect ofStreptococcus salivariusK12 and M18 on halitosis in vitro
Authors: Yoo Hyun‐Jun , Jwa Su‐Kyung , Kim Da‐Hui , Ji Yun‐Jeong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to observe the antimicrobial activity ofPorphyromonas gingivalisandTreponema denticolaas well as the effect on reducing volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs).Materials and methodsAfterP. gingivalisandT. denticolawere cultured with or withoutStreptococcus salivariusK12 and M18, VSCs were measured by Oral Chroma. In order to analyze the mechanism for malodor control, the antimicrobial activity ofS. salivariusK12 and M18 againstP. gingivalisandT. denticolawas assessed. SPSS 21.0 was used for data analysis with the Kruskal–Wallis and Jonckheere–Terpstra tests. Mann–Whitney test was applied for post hoc analysis.ResultsP. gingivalisandT. denticolaVSC levels were reduced by high concentrations ofS. salivariusK12 and M18 during coculture. The concentrations were lower than those of single culture (p< .05). An antimicrobial effect was detected onP. gingivalis, andT. denticolaby 50%S. salivariusK12 and M18. The spent culture medium and whole bacteria ofS. salivariusK12 and M18 reduced the levels of VSCs below the amount in a single culture ofP. gingivalisandT. denticola(p< .05).ConclusionS. salivariusK12 and M18 decreased the levels of VSCs originating fromP. gingivalisandT. denticola.
A Self‐Polymerized Nitro‐Substituted Conjugated Carbonyl Compound as High‐Performance Cathode for Lithium‐Organic Batteries
Authors: Li Qiang , Wang Haidong , Wang Heng‐guo , Si Zhenjun , Li Chunping , Bai Jie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConjugated carbonyl compounds have received much attention as cathode materials for developing green lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, their high dissolution and poor electronic conductivity in organic electrolyte restrict their further application. Herein, a self‐polymerized nitro‐substituted conjugated carbonyl compound (2,7‐dinitropyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone, PT‐2 NO2) is applied as a high‐performance cathode material for LIBs. PT‐2 NO2 exhibits a high reversible capacity of 153.9 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 after 120 cycles, which is higher than that of other substituted compounds. Detailed characterization and theoretical calculations have testified that PT‐2 NO2 is transformed into an azo polymer through an irreversible reductive coupling reaction in the first discharge process, and then carbonyl and azo groups reversibly react with Li ions in subsequent cycles. In addition, this azo polymer is also synthesized and applied as the electrode material, which shows similar electrochemical performance to PT‐2 NO2 but with higher initial coulombic efficiency. Thus, this work provides a simple but effectively way to construct organic cathode materials with multiple redox sites for green and high‐performance LIBs.
Characterizing impulsivity and resting‐state functional connectivity in normal‐weight binge eaters
Authors: Oliva Rossella , Morys Filip , Horstmann Annette , Castiello Umberto , Begliomini Chiara 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveBinge eating is characterized by episodes of uncontrolled eating, within discrete periods of time. Although it is usually described in obese individuals or as a symptom of Binge Eating Disorder (BED), this behavior can also occur in the normal‐weight (NW) population. An interesting premise suggests that impulsivity might contribute to the onset of binge eating and the progression toward weight gain. Drawing upon this evidence, here we explored impulsivity in NW individuals reporting binge‐eating episodes through a functional connectivity approach. We hypothesized that, even in the absence of an eating disorder, NW binge eaters would be characterized by connectivity pattern changes in corticostriatal regions implicated in impulsivity, similarly to the results described in BED individuals.MethodsA resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging study tested 39 NW men and women, with and without binge eating (binge eaters, BE and non‐BE). Brain functional connectivity was explored by means of graph theoretic centrality measures and traditional seed‐based analysis; trait impulsivity was assessed with self‐report questionnaires.ResultsThe BE group was characterized by a higher degree of trait impulsivity. Brain functional connectivity measures revealed lower degree centrality within the right middle frontal gyrus, left insula/putamen and left temporoparietal regions and a lower functional connectivity between the right middle frontal gyrus and right insula in the BE group.DiscussionThe results support previous evidence on BED of altered functional connectivity and higher impulsivity at the roots of overeating behavior, but further extend this concept excluding any potential confounding effect exerted by the weight status.
The term structure of sovereign credit default swap and the cross‐section of exchange rate predictability
Authors: Calice Giovanni , Zeng Ming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe provide novel evidence on exchange rate predictability by using the term premia of the sovereign credit default swap (CDS). Using a sample of 29 countries, we find that the sovereign CDS term premia significantly predict the exchange rates out‐of‐sample. On average, a steeper CDS spread curve for a country predicts its currency appreciation against the U.S. dollar (USD). Empirically, although the sovereign CDS level mainly reflects global risk, the information in the term premia of the sovereign CDS spreads reveals country‐specific risk. Notably, the predictive power of the term premia is robust after controlling for the sovereign CDS level and other conventional global macroeconomic and financial factors. Further analysis shows that the information in the sovereign CDS term premia is also helpful for forecasting international stock market returns.
Spot urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio as a diagnostic test in pre‐eclampsia: A gold standard?
Authors: Berthet Angélique , Bartolo Stéphanie , Subtil Damien , Clouqueur Elodie , Garabedian Charles , Azaïs Henri 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the diagnostic accuracy and optimal threshold of the spot protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (PCR) compared to the gold standard, 24‐hour proteinuria (24HP) in patients with suspected pre‐eclampsia.MethodsA prospective observational study was performed from June 2015 to May 2017 consisting of patients hospitalized for suspected pre‐eclampsia in a tertiary care referral center. To compare the two diagnostic tests, a spot urine sample was obtained to perform the PCR before starting the collection of the 24HP. Only patients who had both tests were analyzed.ResultsIn total, 148 patients (216 samples) were included. The two tests were highly correlated (r=0.80, P<0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and the area under the curve (AUC=0.92) highlighted the accuracy of PCR in diagnosing significant proteinuria and thus pre‐eclampsia. The optimal cut‐off using the Liu method was 56.9 mg/mmol (sensitivity=79.3%, specificity=91.5%).ConclusionThe results suggest that PCR could replace 24HP when diagnosing proteinuria in pre‐eclampsia. Moreover, it is a simple test, easy to realize and standardize, and cheap with no need for systematic hospitalization. The best cut‐off should be chosen by thinking about the risks for adverse maternal and/or fetal outcomes. The test may help to optimize medical care in pre‐eclampsia worldwide.
Environmental exposure of arsenic and fluoride and their combined toxicity: A recent update
Authors: Mondal Paritosh , Chattopadhyay Ansuman 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEnvironmental exposure to arsenic (As) and fluoride (F) in the recent year has been increased because of excessive use of naturally contaminated ground water. Surface water is also regularly contaminated with these elements in various industrial areas. Arsenicosis and fluorosis upon individual exposure of As and F are reported in many studies. A syndrome of endemic As poisoning and fluorosis occurs during concurrent exposure of As and F. Previous reports showed synergistic, antagonistic and independent effects of these two compounds, although few recent reports also revealed antagonistic effects after co‐exposure. Interaction during intestinal absorption and influence of F on As metabolism might be the cause of antagonism. The synergism/antagonism is thought to depend on the dose and duration of the co‐exposure. However, the detailed mechanism is still not fully understood and needs further studies. Removal technologies of As and F from contaminated water is available but removal of such contaminants from food is yet to be developed. Antioxidants are useful to mitigate the toxic effects of As and F. This review focused on the effect of co‐exposure, amelioration as well as removal techniques of As and F.
Simultaneous removal of NO and SO2 from flue gas by FeIIEDTA/sodium dithionite solutions
Authors: He Feiqiang , Zhu Xinyu , Chen Xianchun , Qian Yong , Ding Jianhua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe SO2 and NO emitted from coal‐fired power plants have caused serious air pollution in China. FeIIEDTA complexation technology is one of the most promising processes to realize the simultaneous removal of SO2 and NO. However, FeIIEDTA is easily oxidized to FeIIIEDTA, causing loss of activity, which limits its further application. To solve this problem, sodium dithionite (SD) combined with FeIIEDTA was used for the simultaneous removal of SO2 and NO.RESULTSResults showed that the SO2 removal efficiencies were ≈92–99% in all experiments, whereas the NO removal fluctuated substantially under different operating conditions. Specifically, SD can markedly improve NO removal efficiency, and the optimal FeIIEDTA:SD ratio was 3 mmol L–1:0.026 mol L–1. With increasing temperature, pH value, SO2 concentration or O2 concentration, the NO removal efficiency increased first and then decreased. As the NO concentration increased, the NO removal efficiency continually decreased. Finally, based on the analysis of different ion concentrations, the main products were identified as sulfite, sulfate, ammonium, nitrite and nitrate.CONCLUSIONThe synergistic mechanism of SD and FeIIEDTA on SO2 and NO was investigated. SD can regenerate FeIIEDTA solution by reducing FeIIIEDTA and FeIIEDTA‐NO. These fundamental findings can offer valuable guidance for industrial denitrification and desulfurization by mixed FeIIEDTA and SD systems. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Transthoracic parametric Doppler for bedside diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: A pilot study
Authors: Javitt Marcia C. , Daniels Lydia , Andraous Maisa , Chulsky Semyon , Schatzberger Rachel , Beck‐Razi Nira , Guralnik Ludmilla , Oklander Boris , Palti Yoram , Ofran Yishai , Gaitini Diana 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTTransthoracic parametric Doppler (TPD), unlike conventional ultrasonography, measures signals originating from movements of pulmonary blood vessel walls. In this pilot study, we tested TPD in 15 patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism on computed tomography pulmonary angiography. Results were mapped to the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the right lung. In the lower third, TPD yielded 100% specificity and positive predictive value for acute pulmonary embolism. If validated in a larger series, this rapid bedside technique might obviate the need for computed tomography in specific cases. This could be advantageous in patients who are unstable, in intensive care, or have allergies to iodinated contrast material.
Tensions in the productivity of design task tinkering
Authors: Quan Gina M. , Gupta Ayush 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTinkering, an ad hoc approach to solving a problem, involves manipulating objects to characterize and build knowledge about a particular system in an exploratory way, often with the goal of getting some product/idea to produce desired behavior. Tinkering contrasts more deliberate activity toward understanding how a phenomenon works.PurposeSome researchers have argued that tinkering is an unproductive engineering design practice because it does not always lead to progress in design and/or conceptual learning while others have argued for tinkering as a productive design practice. We speak to this disagreement regarding the productivity of tinkering for novice designers by closely analyzing tinkering episodes.Design/MethodWe present a microgenetic account of two tinkering episodes to contribute to a more refined understanding of what tinkering is. The research setting is in a summer camp for high school girls using a design‐based Arduino component.ResultsOur analyses demonstrate that tinkering is neither universally productive nor unproductive in engineering design; we show that tinkering can help participants make progress toward some instructional goals such as supporting the engagement of students in some engineering design practices. We also show that tinkering can hinder progress toward other goals such as developing a robust solution to a design problem.ConclusionsWe argue for a more nuanced understanding of productivity (of tinkering and other design practices), which is local and defined with respect to specific goals and actors.
Uncovering the metaphysics of psychological warfare: The social science behind the Psychological Strategy Board's operations planning, 1951–1953
Authors: Kemmis Gabrielle 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn April 1951 president Harry S. Truman established the Psychological Strategy Board to enhance and streamline America's sprawling psychological warfare campaign against the USSR. As soon as the Board's staff began work on improving US psychological operations, they wondered how social science might help them achieve their task. Board Director, Gordon Gray, asked physicist turned research administrator Henry Loomis to do a full review of America's social science research program in support of psychological operations. Loomis willingly accepted the task. This paper documents Loomis's investigation into America's social science research program. It uncovers the critical role that government departments had in the creation of research in the early 1950s and thus highlights that the government official is an important actor in the history of social science and the application of social science to psychological operations at the beginning of the Cold War.
Selective extraction of fungicide carbendazim in fruits using β‐cyclodextrin based molecularly imprinted polymers
Authors: Farooq Saqib , Nie Jiyun , Cheng Yang , Bacha Syed Asim Shah , Chang Weixia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConsidering the importance of developing a new analytical approach for pesticide residue detection for the sake of ensuring food safety, a β‐cyclodextrin based molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared for selective determination of carbendazim. The polymers consist of a porous and hollow structure demonstrating the selective abundant adsorption sites for carbendazim molecule. The selectivity and adsorption capacity of the imprinted polymers were analyzed with dispersive solid‐phase extraction and analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet. The results of imprinted polymers were higher than non‐imprinted polymers with the maximum adsorption capacity of 3.65 mg/g within 30 min of total adsorption time. The reusability of the imprinted polymers was determined to evaluate its effectiveness and stability, which proved that the polymers lost 10% efficiency within seven consecutive recycles. The developed method displayed good linearity over the concentration range of 0.05–2.0 mg/L. The recovery percentage of 81.33–97.23 with relative standard deviations of 1.49–4.66% was obtained from spiked apple, banana, orange, and peach samples with a limit of detection of 0.03 mg/L and a limit of quantification of 0.10 mg/L (signal to noise ratio = 3/10). The overall performance of the proposed method evident that this technique provided a desirable outcome and it can be used as a convenient approach, as it qualifies the analytical standards.