bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Gender, Space, and Affects in Film
Authors: Ceuterick Maud 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe way mobility and gender are perceived and analysed in the cinema needs to change. As this chapter retraces the scholarship on gender and space, it draws attention to the binaries, starting with the figure of theflâneur,that have portrayed women as being restricted in their movement and in their wilfulness. A transformation of women’s spatial imaginaries beyond patriarchal boundaries requires the consideration of space as fluid, practised, and affective rather than conceived and fixed. Placing feminist geographer Doreen Massey’s concepts of space-time and power-geometries in dialogue with feminist film theory and affect theory shows how cinema may act as a ‘way of thinking’ towards the world and contribute to transforming negative affects into productive forces, as advocated by Rosi Braidotti.
Effects of non-conformal boundary on entanglement entropy
Authors: Loveridge Andrew 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Spacetime boundaries with canonical Neuman or Dirichlet conditions preserve conformal invarience, but “mixed” boundary conditions which interpolate linearly between them can break conformal symmetry and generate interesting Renormalization Group flows even when a theory is free, providing soluble models with nontrivial scale dependence. We compute the (Rindler) entanglement entropy for a free scalar field with mixed boundary conditions in half Minkowski space and in Anti-de Sitter space. In the latter case we also compute an additional geometric contribution, which according to a recent proposal then collectively give the 1/N corrections to the entanglement entropy of the conformal field theory dual. We obtain some perturbatively exact results in both cases which illustrate monotonic interpolation between ultraviolet and infrared fixed points. This is consistent with recent work on the irreversibility of renormalization group, allowing some assessment of the aforementioned proposal for holographic entanglement entropy and illustrating the generalization of the g-theorem for boundary conformal field theory.
Seismic and Aseismic Preparatory Processes Before Large Stick–Slip Failure
Authors: Dresen Georg , Kwiatek Grzegorz , Goebel Thomas , Ben-Zion Yehuda 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNatural earthquakes often have very few observable foreshocks which significantly complicates tracking potential preparatory processes. To better characterize expected preparatory processes before failures, we study stick-slip events in a series of triaxial compression tests on faulted Westerly granite samples. We focus on the influence of fault roughness on the duration and magnitude of recordable precursors before large stick–slip failure. Rupture preparation in the experiments is detectable over long time scales and involves acoustic emission (AE) and aseismic deformation events. Preparatory fault slip is found to be accelerating during the entire pre-failure loading period, and is accompanied by increasing AE rates punctuated by distinct activity spikes associated with large slip events. Damage evolution across the fault zones and surrounding wall rocks is manifested by precursory decrease of seismic b-values and spatial correlation dimensions. Peaks in spatial event correlation suggest that large slip initiation occurs by failure of multiple asperities. Shear strain estimated from AE data represents only a small fraction (< 1%) of total shear strain accumulated during the preparation phase, implying that most precursory deformation is aseismic. The relative contribution of aseismic deformation is amplified by larger fault roughness. Similarly, seismic coupling is larger for smooth saw-cut faults compared to rough faults. The laboratory observations point towards a long-lasting and continuous preparation process leading to failure and large seismic events. The strain partitioning between aseismic and observable seismic signatures depends on fault structure and instrument resolution.
Corona Immunitas: study protocol of a nationwide program of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and seroepidemiologic studies in Switzerland
Authors:   the Corona Immunitas Research Group, West Erin A. , Anker Daniela , Amati Rebecca , Richard Aude , Wisniak Ania , Butty Audrey , Albanese Emiliano , Bochud Murielle , Chiolero Arnaud , Crivelli Luca , Cullati Stéphane , d’Acremont Valérie , Epure Adina Mihaela , Fehr Jan , Flahault Antoine , Fornerod Luc , Frank Irène , Frei Anja , Michel Gisela , Gonseth Semira , Guessous Idris , Imboden Medea , Kahlert Christian R. , Kaufmann Laurent , Kohler Philipp , Mösli Nicolai , Paris Daniel , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Rodondi Nicolas , Stringhini Silvia , Vermes Thomas , Vollrath Fabian , Puhan Milo A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Seroprevalence studies to assess the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population and subgroups are key for evaluating mitigation and vaccination policies and for understanding the spread of the disease both on the national level and for comparison with the international community.

Methods
Corona Immunitas is a research program of coordinated, population-based, seroprevalence studies implemented by Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+). Over 28,340 participants, randomly selected and age-stratified, with some regional specificities will be included. Additional studies in vulnerable and highly exposed subpopulations are also planned. The studies will assess population immunological status during the pandemic.

Results
Phase one (first wave of pandemic) estimates from Geneva showed a steady increase in seroprevalence up to 10.8% (95% CI 8.2–13.9, n = 775) by May 9, 2020. Since June, Zurich, Lausanne, Basel City/Land, Ticino, and Fribourg recruited a total of 5973 participants for phase two thus far.

Conclusions
Corona Immunitas will generate reliable, comparable, and high-quality serological and epidemiological data with extensive coverage of Switzerland and of several subpopulations, informing health policies and decision making in both economic and societal sectors.
ISRCTN Registry: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN18181860.
Two-sided strategy-proofness in many-to-many matching markets
Authors: Romero-Medina Antonio , Triossi Matteo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study the existence of group strategy-proof stable rules in many-to-many matching markets under responsiveness of agents’ preferences. We show that when firms have acyclical preferences over workers the set of stable matchings is a singleton, and the worker-optimal stable mechanism is a stable and group strategy-proof rule for firms and workers. Furthermore, acyclicity is the minimal condition guaranteeing the existence of stable and strategy-proof mechanisms in many-to-many matching markets.
Gynecologists’ perspectives on two types of uterus-preserving surgical repair of uterine descent; sacrospinous hysteropexy versus modified Manchester
Authors: Enklaar Rosa A. , Essers Brigitte A. B. , ter Horst Leanne , Kluivers Kirsten B. , Weemhoff Mirjam 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The modified Manchester (MM) and sacrospinous hysteropexy (SSH) are the most common uterus-preserving surgical procedures for uterine descent. Little is known about gynecologists’ preferences regarding the two interventions. The study’s aim was to identify which factors influence Dutch (uro)gynecologists when choosing one of these techniques.

Methods
This qualitative study consists of ten semi-structured interviews with Dutch (uro)gynecologists using predetermined, open explorative questions, based on a structured topic list. An inductive content analysis was performed using Atlas.ti.

Results
For SSH, the majority (6/10 gynecologists) reported the more dorsal change of direction of the vaginal axis as a disadvantage and expected more cystocele recurrences (7/10). The most reported disadvantage of MM was the risk of cervical stenosis (7/10). Four gynecologists found MM not to be appropriate for patients with higher stage uterine prolapse. The quality of the uterosacral ligaments was related to the chance of recurrence according to five gynecologists. Patient counseling was biased toward one of the uterus-preserving operations (7/10). Four gynecologists stated they make the final decision while two let patient-preference lead the final decision.

Conclusions
Preference for one of the uterus-preserving interventions is mainly based on the gynecologist’s own experience and background. The lack of information regarding these two uterus-preserving procedures hampers evidence-based decision making, which explains the practice pattern variation. In conclusion, further research is needed to improve evidence-based counseling and shared decision making regarding the choice of procedure.
‘But you don’t look sick’: a qualitative analysis of the LUPUS UK online forum
Authors: Sloan Melanie , Bosley Michael , Blane Moira , Holloway Lynn , Barrere Colette , D’Cruz David , Walia Chanpreet , Naughton Felix , Howard Paul , Sutton Stephen , Gordon Caroline 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLupus is a multi-system autoimmune rheumatic disease with increased morbidity and mortality. Some manifestations are life-threatening with many aspects of living with the disease, difficulties in diagnosis and accessing appropriate medical care, having an impact on quality of life. The disease itself, and these patients’ perspectives, are currently poorly understood and under-researched. The LUPUS UK forum of conversations between over 25,000 members provides a rich environment to explore the views of these patients. Conversations on the LUPUS UK online forum were qualitatively explored using virtual ethnography and thematic analysis. The forum itself and positive medical relationships were widely considered to provide a means of support, understanding and validation. Forum members expressed difficulties in diagnosis, disease management, and the psychological and physical impact of living with an unpredictable, poorly understood disease, often with life-changing symptoms. Invalidating personal, social and medical environments were perceived as exacerbating these difficulties. Delays in diagnosis and misdiagnoses were frequently discussed as causing significant damage, especially when symptoms were disbelieved or dismissed. Invalidation was the key theme with further themes of: Uncertainty, Medical (mis)communications and misunderstandings, Navigating health systems and Resilience and support. Although effective care and support was reported by some members, the negative impact of living with an incurable, life-changing disease was often exacerbated by perceived invalidation, uncertainty, and difficulties in multiple areas of members’ lives. Improved knowledge of the disease and greater support at all stages of the diagnostic journey could improve outcomes and quality of life for these patients.
PolyQ-expanded ataxin-3 protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlate with clinical parameters in SCA3: a pilot study
Authors: Gonsior Kathrin , Kaucher Gabriele Anna , Pelz Patrik , Schumann Dorothea , Gansel Melanie , Kuhs Sandra , Klockgether Thomas , Forlani Sylvie , Durr Alexandra , Hauser Stefan , Rattay Tim W. , Synofzik Matthis , Hengel Holger , Schöls Ludger , Rieß Olaf H. , Hübener-Schmid Jeannette 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn view of upcoming clinical trials, quantitative molecular markers accessible in peripheral blood are of critical importance as prognostic or pharmacodynamic markers in genetic neurodegenerative diseases such as Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 (SCA3), in particular for signaling target engagement. In this pilot study, we focused on the quantification of ataxin-3, the protein altered in SCA3, in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) acquired from preataxic and ataxic SCA3 mutation carriers as well as healthy controls, as a molecular marker directly related to SCA3 pathophysiology. We established two different highly sensitive TR-FRET-based immunoassays to measure the protein levels of either total full-length, non-expanded and expanded, ataxin-3 or specifically polyQ-expanded ataxin-3. In PBMCs, a clear discrimination between SCA3 mutation carrier and controls were seen measuring polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 protein level. Additionally, polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 protein levels correlated with disease progression and clinical severity as assessed by the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia. Total full-length ataxin-3 protein levels were directly influenced by the expression levels of the polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 protein, but were not correlated with clinical parameters. Assessment of ataxin-3 levels in fibroblasts or induced pluripotent stem cells allowed to distinguish mutation carriers from controls, thus providing proof-of-principle validation of our PBMC findings across cell lines. Total full-length or polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 protein was not detectable by TR-FRET assays in other biofluids like plasma or cerebrospinal fluid, indicating the need for ultra-sensitive assays for these biofluids. Standardization studies revealed that tube systems, blood sampling, and PBMC preparation may influence ataxin-3 protein levels indicating a high demand for standardized protocols in biomarker studies. In conclusion, the polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 protein is a promising candidate as a molecular target engagement marker in SCA3 in future clinical trials, determinable even in—easily accessible—peripheral blood biomaterials. These results, however, require validation in a larger cohort and further standardization of modifying conditions.
Health and motivation as mediators of the effects of job demands, job control, job support, and role conflicts at work and home on sickness presenteeism and absenteeism
Authors: Aronsson G. , Hagberg J. , Björklund C. , Aboagye E. , Marklund S. , Leineweber C. , Bergström G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The first objective was to contribute to a better understanding of the contrasting and paradoxical results in studies of work environment factors and sickness presence and sickness absence. A second objective was to examine if, and under what conditions, employees choose to replace sickness absence with sickness presence, i.e., so-called substitution.

Methods
The study utilizes a large body of cross-sectional questionnaire data (n = 130,161) gathered in Sweden from 2002 to 2007 in connection with a comprehensive health promotion initiative. Health and motivation were analyzed as mediators of the effects of five job factors, job control, job support, job demand, role conflict and “work to family conflict” on sickness presence and absence.

Results
The results concerning job demands indicate substitution in that increased job demands are associated with increased presenteeism and reduced absenteeism. The direct effect of higher job support was increased absenteeism, but via the health and motivation paths, the total effect of more social support was health-promoting and associated with a reduction in sickness absence and sickness presence. High job control emerged as the most pronounced health-promoting factor, reducing sickness presenteeism as well as absenteeism. More role conflicts and work-to-family conflicts were directly and indirectly associated with decreased health and increased absenteeism as well as presenteeism. earlier research.

Conclusion
The mediation analyzes shed light on some of the paradoxes in research on sickness presenteeism and sickness absenteeism, especially regarding job demands and job support. The substitution effect is important for workplace policy and occupational health practice.
Implementing a tracking system for confirmatory diagnostic results after positive newborn screening for cystic fibrosis—implications for process quality and patient care
Authors: Gramer Gwendolyn , Brockow Inken , Labitzke Christiane , Fang-Hoffmann Junmin , Beivers Andreas , Feyh Patrik , Hoffmann Georg F. , Nennstiel Uta , Sommerburg Olaf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNewborn screening for cystic fibrosis (CF-NBS) was introduced in Germany in 2016. Currently, systematic follow-up of positive CF-NBS results is not implemented or reimbursed in the NBS program. We investigated results of confirmatory testing over 24 months after implementation of CF-NBS for a large German NBS center before and after introduction of an active tracking system and performed a cost calculation for tracking. Results are compared with the federal state of Bavaria, where a centralized tracking system has been in place for many years. At the NBS center, 244 of 281,907 children had a positive CF-NBS result requiring diagnostic confirmation. Before implementation of a telephone tracking system, only 43% of confirmatory results were returned despite repeated written requests. The consecutive strategy including telephone tracking led to an increase of resolved cases to 84%. However, the centralized tracking system in Bavaria, assigning children with positive CF-NBS directly to a responsible CF-center, resolved 99% of cases. The calculated additional cost for a tracking system in Germany including telephone tracking is 1.20€ per newborn screened.Conclusion: The implementation of a tracking system achieves a distinct improvement in CF-NBS with justifiable costs. The effect can be limited by absence of centralized organization of confirmatory testing.

What is Known:• Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis (CF-NBS) has been performed for many years in several countries worldwide• While many studies have focused on different CF-NBS strategies, the organization of confirmatory testing and process quality concerning returned information to the NBS center has so far received less attention.

What is New:• The implementation of an active tracking system achieves a distinct improvement of clarified cases after positive CF-NBS with justifiable costs.• The effect of a tracking system can be limited by the absence of a centralized organization of confirmatory testing.
The clinical relevance of the Hippo pathway in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Drexler Richard , Küchler Mirco , Wagner Kim C. , Reese Tim , Feyerabend Bernd , Kleine Moritz , Oldhafer Karl J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The Hippo pathway has broadened in cancer research in the past decade and revealed itself to be an important driver for tumorigenesis and metastatic spread. In this study, we investigated the clinical relevance of the Hippo pathway with regard to metastatic invasion, patients’ outcome and histopathological features.

Methods
Protein expression of components of the Hippo pathway were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using paraffin-embedded tissue from 103 patients who had been diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and had undergone surgery. Results were correlated with clinicopathological data, disease-free and overall survival.

Results
Immunohistochemistry studies in pancreatic tumour tissues revealed a significant upregulation of MST1, MST2, pLATS, pYAP and 14-3-3, representing the active Hippo pathway, in non-metastasized patients (p < 0.01). In turn, the pathway is more inactive in metastasized patients and relating liver metastases as LATS1, LATS2, YAP, transcriptional factors TEAD2 and TEAD3 were upregulated in these patients (p < 0.01). A higher pYAP expression was associated with a favorable OS and DFS.

Conclusion
The Hippo pathway is inactive in metastasized patients releasing the pro-metastatic and proliferative potential of the pathway. Furthermore, our study underlines the prognostic relevance of the Hippo pathway as a shift in the balance towards the inactive pathway predicts an unfavorable OS and DFS.
Intraspecific dental variations in the deep-sea shark Etmopterus spinax and their significance in the fossil record
Authors: Straube Nicolas , Pollerspöck Jürgen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn important character on several taxonomic levels for shark identification is the tooth morphology. Sharks show a variety of highly specialized dentitions reflecting adaptations to their feeding habits. Intraspecific variation of tooth morphology such as sexual or ontogenetic dimorphism is poorly known in many species, even though tooth morphology plays a decisive role in the characterization of the fossil record of sharks, which comprises mostly fossil teeth. Here we analyzed the dentition of 40 jaws of the Velvet Belly Lantern Shark Etmopterus spinax and identified ontogenetic and sexual dimorphic characters such as total number of teeth, number of upper teeth, cusplet numbers in upper jaw teeth and width of lower jaw teeth. Dimorphic characters may reduce intraspecific competition for food, as E. spinax segregates by sex and size and may allow for identifying the male sex. The lower jaw tooth height, a sexually non-dimorphic character, was used to re-calculate the total length of specimens, which represents the first such approach for a squaliform shark. Results derived from the extant E. spinax are subsequently applied to fossil Etmopterus sp. teeth (Miocene) to gain individual information such as sex or size, but also characterize the extinct population from the excavation site by a size distribution profile in comparison to data from extant populations. This approach indicates the presence of multiple ontogenetic stages in the extinct population.
Occurrence of Alaria alata in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Poland and detection of genetic variability between isolates
Authors: Bilska-Zając Ewa , Marucci Gianluca , Piróg-Komorowska Anna , Cichocka Małgorzata , Różycki Mirosław , Karamon Jacek , Sroka Jacek , Bełcik Aneta , Mizak Iwona , Cencek Tomasz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlaria alata is a trematode included among several emerging zoonotic parasites. The mesocercarial larval stage of A. alata named Distomum musculorum suis (DMS) may potentially be infective for humans. In the past, DMS was often observed in wild boar meat during the official Trichinella inspection by artificial digestion before a more specific and effective detection method, the A. alata mesocercariae migration technique (AMT), was introduced. In the present study, the AMT method was used to screen 3589 tissue samples collected from wild boars hunted in Poland during the 2015–2019 period. The survey mainly focused on the southern part of Poland with the majority of samples coming from Małopolskie, Świętokrzyskie, and Dolnoślaskie provinces; samples from ten additional provinces were also included. The total prevalence was 4.2% with mean abundance of 4.7 DMS. Occurrence was dependent upon environmental conditions (i.e., wetland habitats and water reservoirs) rather than on sex of the host or season in which they were hunted. The recovered trematodes were identified as Alaria spp. according to their morphological features. Molecular analysis of 18S rDNA and COI genes confirmed the species identification to be A. alata and documented genetic variability among the isolates.