bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSX-30 Late-Breaking Abstract: Genotypes database of pedigree cattle population in Kazakhstan and the introduction of a calculating mechanism for livestock parentage verification
Authors: Tleulenov Zhumadiya , Yesseyeva Gainiya , Seitmuratov Anuarbek , Ayupova Almagul 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A significant increase in pedigree cattle in Kazakhstan has led to scientific work on the conservation of breed genotypes in Kazakhstan and the development of imported breeds. Aim of work: creation a national database and collection of genotyped DNA samples of cattle in Kazakhstan and the introduction of an automated statistical and mathematical calculation of the local pedigree cattle parentage verification. The methodology of work has been the selection of biological samples and registration of data on the animal. DNA and STR locus testing have been performed at the University of Queensland’s Animal Genetics Laboratory (Australia). DNA genotyping was carried out using 21 polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite loci. The database of DNA genotypes of breeding animals has been written and introduced into the database of breeding livestock in Kazakhstan (www.plem.kz). The method of determining kinship and confirming the origin of the animal was implemented by calculating the probability of random coincidence of genetic markers, taking into account their distribution in the population according to the “product rule.” The frequency distribution of homozygous alleles for 12 microsatellite loci (table 1) recommended by ICAR and 21 DNA loci (table 2) in the context of breeds was calculated, which indicates an increase in reliability when calculating the origin of livestock, with an increase in the number of microsatellite loci studied to 21 markers. The lower probability threshold is established, with 95% statistical significance confirms the relationship between the compared animals (table 3). A database of genotyped DNA samples of beef and dairy cattle breeds in Kazakhstan has been created and is currently used in pedigree beef cattle breeding. Access to the DNA database is provided to Kazakhstan genetic laboratories, and an automated calculation of the mathematical probability of parentage verification for a breeding animal and the generation of a genetic certificate was introduced on the website www.plem.kz
PSV-25 Detection of heart and aorta tissue peptide markers by the multiple-reaction monitoring method
Authors: Khvostov Daniil , Vostrikova Natalya , Chernukha Irina M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Functional, particularly personalized meat-based foods are of more in demand by a consumer today. Functional additives, such as plant components and animal proteins from bovine or porcine tissues have been successfully used. With many ingredients added to foods, it is important to provide quality and composition monitoring to confirm the products’ authenticity, to identify undeclared or rarely used types of raw meat in product formulations. For example, if animal heart tissue is a component of a product formulation or if aorta tissue presents in a product due to improper trimming. Different methods are used to identify raw materials, including new approaches in proteomics and peptidomics that are considered the most effective modern methods nowadays. The purpose of the study is meat product composition analysis and special biomarker peptide identification to confirm the presence of heart and aorta tissue in a finished meat product. Over 20 amino acid sequences were checked based on earlier obtained data. Those amino acid sequences were analyzed with a high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection as described. The MS settings were selected using the Skyline. Signal-to-Noise ratio (S/N) over 10 units were used to choose the best peptide candidates. Seven peptides were found in porcine hearts. The best candidate was peptide VNVDEVGGEALGR (S/N - 73.10±5.3) from β-Hemoglobin. Two marker peptides from serum albumin were selected for pork aorta: TVLGNFAAFVQK (S/N 53.51±2.4) and EVTEFAK (S/N 31.69±4.1). These biomarkers showed the best detection and specificity. The multiply reaction monitoring method made it possible to identify the most/best specific peptides—biomarkers that could confirm the heart and/or aorta in meat products. The method can be used for comparative research or identification of best peptides that are specific to any type of animal tissue. The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 16-16- 10073.
PSIII-23 Effect of feed antioxidants on behavior and stress resistance of fattening pigs
Authors: Nekrasov Roman V , Chabaev Magomed G , Tsis Elena Y , Bogolyubova Nadezhda V , Mishurov Alexey V , Rykov Roman A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Antioxidants application (selenium, vitamin E and flavonoids) in pig diets provides solving the problem of oxidative stress effects. The research aims to study the efficiency of supplement Taxifolin feeding to reduce the stress effects. Experiments were performed using crossbred [(BWxL)xD] pigs (BW1=34.5–34.9 kg, N=36, n = 9) during the fattening period. Animals were allocated to 4 groups: 1 – control (standard forage – SF, without stress – STR-), 2 – control (SF, STR+), 3 – experimental (SF+0.2 mg kg Se, STR+), 4 – experimental group (SF+32 mg kg TAX, STR+). The animals were kept for 3 heads in a stall and to simulate technological stress, they were rotated within the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th groups every 14 days. The incidence of animal anxiety was directly dependent on the recorded acts of aggression (17%; 29%; 29%; 25% & 8%; 27%; 35%; 30% of the total incidence, according to the experimental groups). In general, for the whole fattening period, the average daily gain increase by 1,6% was recorded in the fourth experimental group compared to the first control group (1012.1±43.5 vs. 996.4±32.8 g, P &gt; 0.5). The Taxifolin effect was manifested as an “adaptive factor” to external stimuli under simulated stress, and contributed to a decrease in cortisol level in the animals’ blood at the end of the experiment (215±53 vs. 309±107, 294±111, 305±61 nmol/l, P &gt; 0.5). At the end of the experiment pigs fed with Taxifolin had the higher lysis rate by 19.2% (42.0±4.8 vs. 22.8±2.5, P &lt; 0.5), the lysozyme content in the blood serum – by 0.35 µg/ml (0.79±0.10 vs. 0.44±0.04 µg/ml, P &lt; 0,5) compared to the control. Consequently, stressors prevention by using natural antioxidants (bioflavonoids) is justified. The work was supported by the grant No. 19-16-00068 of the Russian Science Foundation and GZ АААА-А18-118021590136-7.
PSIII-24 Effect of two sources of encapsulated sodium butyrate on broilers performance
Authors: Sol Cinta , Puyalto Mónica , Mallo Juan José 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The study was conducted to elucidate effects of feed supplementation with two sources of encapsulated sodium butyrate (ESB, ~30% sodium butyrate encapsulated with vegetable fat) respect to a control diet, on broilers performance. A total of 960 Ross308 one-day-old chicks were randomly distributed into 3 treatments with 16 replicates and 20 birds per replicate: CON (control diet), AD (CON + 2.19kg/tn of ESB from supplier 1) and GUSTOR (CON + 2.19kg/tn of ESB from supplier 2). Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Performance was recorded at 0, 21 and 42d at pen level, and the results presented were corrected by mortality; gut morphology from jejunum at 42 days was also recorded. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA using the GLM procedure of SAS. Regarding body weight, some numerical differences were observed between control and groups with ESB at 21d (777g, 786g, and 784g, for CON, AD and GUSTOR, respectively) and at 41d (2719g, 2727g and 2734g, for CON, AD and GUSTOR, respectively). From 0-21d, 22-42d and 0-42d average daily feed intake (ADFI, g/d) was significantly affected by treatment (0-42d: 101b, 100b, 98a, for CON, AD and GUSTOR, respectively, P = 0.045). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) followed the same trend and was significantly improved by GUSTOR at 21 (0-21d: 1.52b, 1.52b and 1.48a for CON, AD and GUSTOR, respectively, P = 0.002) and at 42 days (0-42d: 1.59b, 1.58b and 1.56a for CON, AD and GUSTOR, respectively, P &lt; 0.001). No differences were found in villus height and density, crypt depth and density, number of goblet cells and mucus layer in jejunum at 42d. As expected, the results showed no differences on gut morphology due to a totally encapsulated active principle without activity in the small intestine. Even though both ESB were similar, birds supplemented with ESB-GUSTOR were more efficient than birds supplemented with ESB-AD.
PSII-38 Tolerable upper intake levels of iron damage the intestine and alter the intestinal flora in weaned piglets
Authors: Ding Haoxuan , Han Jianan , Feng Jie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Iron supplementation has been an intervention to improve iron storage and prevent iron deficiency anaemia in weaned piglets. NRC has set recommended nutrient intake (RNI) and tolerable upper intake levels (UL). The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential harm of UL iron to the gut and microbes of weaned piglets. Thirty 23-day old weaned piglets assigned to three dietary treatments: a basal diet supplemented with 100 (RNI), 300, or 3000 (UL) mg FeSO4/kg diet for 28 days. Piglets were then euthanized, and the gut and cecum microbes were collected. UL iron significantly reduced the height of the villi in the duodenum, ileum, and jejunum of weaned piglets, and showed duodenal mitochondrial swelling (P &lt; 0.05). The addition of UL iron to the diet significantly reduced the expression of tight junction proteins Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1 in weaned piglet duodenal mucosa (P &lt; 0.05). The protein levels of DMT1 and Zip14 decreased (P &lt; 0.05), and the protein levels of ferritin increased in the duodenal mucosa of UL iron fed weaned piglets (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, UL iron also increased the content of ROS and MDA and decreased the activity of SOD in the weaned piglet duodenal mucosa (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, UL iron significantly increased intestinal microbial diversity and species richness in weaned piglets. At the phylum level, UL iron supplementation was associated with a significant increase in Proteobacteria relative abundance, and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes (P &lt; 0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Clostridiales, Faecalibacterium, and Prevotellaceae decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05), while the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio and Anaerovibrio increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, UL iron caused damage to the intestinal villi, damaged the intestinal barrier, reduced iron absorption, induced oxidative stress, led to histopathological changes, and modified the intestinal microbial structure in weaned piglets.
PSVI-20 The Effect of Resistant Starch Type II on Satiety Hormones of Fasting Dogs
Authors: Alvarenga Isabella Corsato , Jewell Dennis E , Jackson Matthew , Aldrich Charles G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Resistant starches comprise the starch fraction that escapes small intestine (SI) digestion and reaches the colon, where it is fermented by saccharolytic bacteria that produce beneficial postbiotics. Moreover, slowly digestible starches lower glycemic index and may promote satiety. The objectives of this study were to assess whether diets having increased RS perturbed fasting levels of satiety hormones in dogs. Diets with three levels of resistant starch (RS type II) were produced via extrusion at three levels of mechanical energy. Nine male and 15 female adult Beagle dogs were fed the low, medium and high RS foods in a 3x3 Latin square design (n = 24). The study was approved by IACUC at Hill’s Pet Nutrition (# 883.0.0.0). Fasting blood was collected in the morning on days 27 and 28 of each period, and serum was separated and frozen at -70°C until analysis. Satiety hormones were measured by ELISA. Data was first converted to natural log to approximate normal distribution and then analyzed as a mixed model by the GLIMMIX procedure from SAS (v 9.4) with diet as fixed effect and dog and period as random effects. Ghrelin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucagon, leptin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and peptide YY (PYY) were not different across treatments likely due to the fasting state of dogs. Surprisingly, only insulin increased with higher RS consumption. It is possible that more propionate (not measured) was produced in the colon of dogs fed the high RS diet, which went through gluconeogenesis in the liver and resulted in a change in the time of glucose entering the blood stream. This could explain the insulin increase during fasting, but needs to be verified by measurement of fecal SCFA. Future research should explore the effect of type II RS on satiety hormones at multiple time points postprandial.
PSXI-23 Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial community diversity from feces of pasture-raised broiler and layer chickens, swine, and beef cattle in the Southeastern USA
Authors: Min Byeng Ryel , Castleberry Lana , Rothrock Michael , Rutherford Laura Lee , Waldrip Heidi , Parker David , Brauer David , Pitta Dipti , Indugu Nagaraju 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Animal manure can be a source of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) and pharmaceutical residues; however, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the presence of ARGs in pastured livestock systems. The objective was to determine the effects of four pasture-raised livestock species (broiler and layer chickens, swine, and beef cattle) on three different farms on fecal antibiotic residues (AR), microbial community diversity (MCD), and ARGs. Fecal DNA was collected (25 g each), homogenized, and extracted (0.2 g) using a Fecal/Soil Microbe DNA MimiPrep Kit. 16S rRNA, an estimate of the total MCD, was sequenced. Sulfonamide (Sul; Sul1) and tetracycline (Tet; TetA) ARGs were enumerated by qPCR. The results indicated that average fecal Tet AR tended to be greater (P = 0.09) for broiler chickens (11.4 µg kg-1) than for other livestock species (1.8-0.06 µg kg1), while chlortetracycline, lincomycine, oxytetracycline, and sulfachloropyridazine AR were similar among livestock species. There were interactions (P &lt; 0.01) between farms and animal species for fecal pH and concentrations of total carbon, magnesium, sulfur, copper, and lead across animal species. In addition, cattle and swine samples showed a high degree of variability (α- and □-diversities) in fecal MCD, compared to broiler and layer fecal samples (P &lt; 0.01). Firmicutes were the most abundant bacterial phylum in broiler (85.3%) and layer (80.0%) chickens (P &lt; 0.01), as compared to swine (64.4%) and cattle (62.1%). The Sul1 (P &lt; 0.05) and TetA (P &lt; 0.001) ARGs in layer hens were the highest (16.5 x 10–4 and 1.4 x 10–4), followed by broiler chickens (2.9 x 10–4 and 1.7 x 10–4), swine (0.22 x 10–4 and 0.20 x 10–4), and beef cattle (0.19 x 10–4 and 0.02 x 10–4). This study indicated that individual farm management practices and specific animal species affected content of fecal AR, the fecal MCD, and ARG status in pasture-raised animals.
PSXI-25 The effect of plant tannins on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from dairy manure under laboratory conditions
Authors: Min Byeng Ryel , Parker David , Casey Kenneth , Willis Will , Castleberry Lana , Meyer Beverly , Robbe Heather , Waldrip Heidi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG; methane, CH4; nitrous oxide, N2O) from dairy cattle manure contribute to global climate change. The aim of this study was to assess the associative effects of three different levels [0, 4 and 8% wet weight (WW) basis] of condensed tannins (CT; quebracho tannins) and hydrolysable tannins (HT; chestnut tannins) on CH4 and N2O emissions. The dairy manure consisted of a 50:50 volume mixture of fresh feces and dry manure scraped from the surface of an open-lot dairy in the Texas panhandle. Control (0% tannin), 4%, and 8% of CT or HT (w/w) were added to each bucket and homogenized with a hand mixer for 5 min. Aliquots of 220 g (WW) manure, with or without tannins, were placed into 1 L fermentation bottles (n = 3, total of 18 bottles) and incubated at 39o C for 14 days. A second set of 18 fermenters were set up in the same manner for sample collection at 0, 2, 3, 6, and 9 h to discern changes in pH and redox status. There were no differences in redox values with the addition of either tannin type to in vitro fermenters. However, application of CT to dairy manure reduced (P &lt; 0.05-0.01) cumulative CH4 emissions by 68 to 63% at the concentrations of 4 and 8% WW, respectively, compared with the non-tannin control group. Both CT and HT decreased cumulative N2O emissions (P &lt; 0.02). Examination of the emission kinetics revealed a tradeoff (interchange or pollution swapping) between CH4 and N2O emissions when tannins were applied to manure. These results suggested that the inclusion of 4% CT (WW) is a promising technique for reducing CH4 and N2O emissions from excreted dairy manure. Further study is warranted to investigate the effects of feeding CT and HT on manure-derived GHG in dairy systems.
PSXI-11 Drinking device can reduce apparent water consumption and improve device cleanliness without impairing calf performance
Authors: Devant Maria , Verdu Marçal , Medinya Carles , Riera Joan , Marti Sonia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Drinker devices can affect feed and water intake, which then affect performance, as well as device cleanliness, water quality and spillage. One hundred and eighteen Holstein male calves (311 ± 1.4 kg and 228 ± 0.6 d of age) were used in a randomized block design to evaluate the effect of drinker device on concentrate and water intake, performance and water spillage during the winter months. Calves were allocated in 6 pens (3 pens/treatment; 19 to 20 calves/pen) with one computerized concentrate feeder and one straw feeder. Pens were assigned to one of the two treatments: one water through (TRO, 35 cm x 35 cm, no pressure was required) or one bowl with nipple facing up (BO, bowl with a 20 cm diameter and 5-cm nipple, bite-style that was activated then animals pressed the nipple). Concentrate and water intake were recorded daily, body weight (BW), drinker device cleanliness, and water spillage (DM of bedding under the drinker) fortnightly, and water quality monthly. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effects model. Final BW, average daily gain, and concentrate intake were not affected by treatment. Apparent water intake tended (P = 0.10) to be greater in TRO (26.5 ± 0.39 L/day) than in BO (25.5 ± 0.39 L/day) and water spillage was lesser in TRO (70.3 ± 1.67 % DM) than BO (75.6 ± 1.67 % DM) pens. No differences in water quality parameters were observed despite cleanliness of TRO was lesser compared with BO devices (83.3 % vs 2.0% had presence of feed, respectively, P &lt; 0.001). Data of the present study are promising; the bowl nipple device reduces 4% apparent water consumption and water spillage with no impairment in animal performance and improving device cleanliness. A replicate trial will be run during summer months to contrast and complete the present study results.
PSXI-24 Production cost feedlot beef cattle in the southeast and central-western regions of Brazil: Analyzes from 2017 to 2019
Authors: Moreno Danny , Sartorello Gustavo L , Boldrin Guilherme , Reis Beatriz Q , Rezende Vanessa , Alves Laya , Souza Miguel , Gameiro Augusto H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aims were to evaluate and compare the total cost (TC) and feedlot cattle production cost index (ICBC) in the states of São Paulo (SP) and Goiás (GO) from April of 2017 until December of 2019. In addition, the progress of ICBC was compared with the General Price Index - Internal Availability (IGP-DI) in that same period. This research has been developed at the Laboratory of Socioeconomic Analyses and Animal Science (LAE) of the University of São Paulo (USP). The LAE monitors all the prices of basic inputs used in the feedlot system monthly these states and updates the data to create the ICBC. The feedlot of the states of SP and GO were delimited in three representative properties, two for SP (CSPm and CSPg) and one for GO (CGO). We found that among the evaluation period the accumulated inflation by the IGP-DI was 15.1%, while in the ICBC it was 22%, 21.7% and 38.3% for CSPm, CSPg and CGO, respectively. In other words, there was a real increase of 6.9%, 6.6% and 23.2%, in that same order, for farmers. CSPm, CSPg and CGO showed similar TC in April 2017 and September 2019. However, in October 2019 the TC per kg of live weight (LW) increased until the end of the evaluation period (December 2019), this being $3.52, $3.46 and $3.62 per kg of LW, respectively. Our findings on cost items increased more in the State of GO than SP. Purchase animals and the inputs of the diet were the main cost items that influence the TC. It was concluded that in the southeast and central-western regions of Brazil, farmers had real increases in their production costs in the feedlot. Furthermore, there was greater variability in ICBC compared to IGP-DI.
PSXI-8 Corn stover feedlot diets with elevated mycotoxins and binder effect on cattle performance
Authors: Karls Caleb , Schaefer Mitch , Schaefer Dan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Weather conditions often dictate the quality of corn, corn silage, and corn stover harvested for livestock feed. When growing and/or harvest conditions are wet, mycotoxin producing fungi can flourish. Mycotoxin levels were determined to be elevated in the fall 2018 corn crop (Table 1). A 3 x 2 factorial experiment was initiated to observe effects of a mycotoxin binder, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (Engage-M, United Animal Health, Sheridan, IN), on cattle performance. Three treatment diets with elevated mycotoxin levels were amended with Engage-M fed at 0 or 14 g hd-1 d-1. Steers (n = 72, 12 pens total) were fed during Grow (21 d) and Finish (51 d) phases. During the Grow phase a 52% corn silage, 20% DDGS, and 8% supplement basal diet was fed and treatments were an additional 20% diet DM included as corn silage (CSIL), conventional corn stover (CST), or single-pass bale stover (SPB). Cattle fed Engage-M during Grow phase had numerically higher daily gains, 1.35 kg d-1, compared to no binder, 1.26 kg d-1 (P = 0.17). During the Finish phase, all cattle were fed similarly (72.1% rolled corn, 12% corn silage, 8.9% DDGS, 7% supplement diet DM). Cattle fed Engage-M tended (P = 0.09) to have increased daily gains, 2.07 kg d-1, compared to no binder, 1.9 kg d-1. Dry matter intake was similar for both treatments during the Finish trial, 12.9 kg hd-1 d-1 (P = 0.83), suggesting the increase in cattle performance was due to improved utilization of feed and not feed intake. The Finish phase feed to gain ratio was 6.25 vs. 6.83 (P = 0.06) with and without Engage-M, respectively. The trend was for cattle fed Engage-M to be 9.2% more efficient. The present study suggests that feeding Engage-M may increase cattle performance when diets have elevated levels of zearalenone and vomitoxin.