bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary Incontinence in Climacteric Women With or Without Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sousa Clice Pimentel C. , Brito Luiz Gustavo O. , Galvão-Moreira Leonardo V. , Brito Haissa O. , Barroqueiro Rodrigo B. , Costa-Paiva Lucia H. , Oliveira Brito Luciane M. 
Published: September 2020

Objective
This study aimed to investigate whether the occurrence of urinary incontinence (UI) is associated with increased odds of depression in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 208 women with depressive symptoms, confirmed by the Beck Depression Inventory, and 247 patients without depression. All participants were perimenopausal or postmenopausal women aged 35 to 65 years who attended an outpatient clinic from a tertiary-academic hospital in Northeastern Brazil. Urinary incontinence symptoms were assessed using patient’s self-report and the validated versions of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire–Short Form and the Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis. To investigate the severity of climacteric symptoms, the Blatt-Kupperman Index was used, and menopause-related quality of life was analyzed using the Utian Quality of Life Questionnaire.

Results
In univariate analysis, the Beck Depression Inventory-II mean scores for UI and non-UI women were, respectively, 15.5 (95% confidence interval, 14.28–16.72) and 11.83 (10.52–13.13; P < 0.05). Patients with moderate and severe scores of depression reported higher International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire–Short Form and Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis scores when compared with women with mild depression scores and women without depression (P < 0.001). Conversely, in multivariate analysis, having UI was not associated with having depression (odds ratio [OR], 0.85; 0.52–1.37; P = 0.50), after adjusting for confounders. Older age (>55 years) was associated with decreased odds of depression (OR, 0.43; 0.21–0.88; P = 0.02), whereas moderate (OR, 2.28; 1.40–3.71; P = 0.001) and severe (OR, 7.70; 2.79–21.23) intensities of menopause symptoms were associated with increased odds of depression.

Conclusion
Urinary incontinence was not associated with depression within climacteric women after multivariate analysis.
COVID-19 herd immunity in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Buss Lewis F , Prete Carlos A , Abrahim Claudia MM , Mendrone Alfredo , Salomon Tassila , de Almeida-Neto Cesar , França Rafael FO , Belotti Maria C , Carvalho Maria PSS , Costa Allyson G , Crispim Myuki AE , Ferreira Suzete C , Fraiji Nelson A , Gurzenda Susie , Whittaker Charles , Kamaura Leonardo T , Takecian Pedro L , Oikawa Marcio K , Nishiya Anna S , Rocha Vanderson , Salles Nanci A , de Souza-Santos Andreza A , da Silva Martirene A , Custer Brian , Barral-Netto Manoel , Kraemer Moritz UG , Pereira Rafael HM , Pybus Oliver G , Busch Michael P , Castro Márcia C , Dye Christopher , Nascimento Vitor H , Faria Nuno R , Sabino Ester C 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe herd immunity threshold is the proportion of a population that must be immune to an infectious disease, either by natural infection or vaccination such that, in the absence of additional preventative measures, new cases decline and the effective reproduction number falls below unity1. This fundamental epidemiological parameter is still unknown for the recently-emerged COVID-19, and mathematical models have predicted very divergent results2,3. Population studies using antibody testing to infer total cumulative infections can provide empirical evidence of the level of population immunity in severely affected areas. Here we show that the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Manaus, located in the Brazilian Amazon, increased quickly during March and April and declined more slowly from May to September. In June, one month following the epidemic peak, 44% of the population was seropositive for SARS-CoV-2, equating to a cumulative incidence of 52%, after correcting for the false-negative rate of the antibody test. The seroprevalence fell in July and August due to antibody waning. After correcting for this, we estimate a final epidemic size of 66%. Although non-pharmaceutical interventions, plus a change in population behavior, may have helped to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Manaus, the unusually high infection rate suggests that herd immunity played a significant role in determining the size of the epidemic.
Initial Model for USA CoVID-19 Resurgence
Authors: Eng Genghmun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEarly CoVID-19 growth obeys: , with Ko = [(ln 2)/(tdbl)], where tdbl is the pandemic growth doubling time. Given , the daily number of new CoVID-19 cases is . Implementing society-wide Social Distancing increases the tdbldoubling time, and a linear function of time for tdbl was used in our Initial Model:

to describe these changes, where the [t]-axis is time-shifted from the –axis back to the pandemic start, and Go ≡ [KA/ γo]. While this No[t] successfully modeled the USA CoVID-19 progress from 3/2020 to 6/2020, this equation could not easily model some quickly decreasing ρ[t] cases (“fast pandemic shutoff “), indicating that a second process was involved. This situation was most evident in the initial CoVID-19 data from China, South Korea, and Italy. Modifying Zo[t] to allow exponential cutoffs:

resulted in an Enhanced Initial Model (EIM) that significantly improved data fits for these cases.After 6/2020, many regions of the USA “opened up”, loosening their Social Distancing requirements, which led to a sudden USA CoVID-19 Resurgence. Extrapolating the USA No[t] 3/2020-6/2020 results to 9/2020 as an Initial Model Baseline (IMB), and subtracting this IMB from the newer USA data gives a Resurgence Only function, which is analyzed here. This USA CoVID-19 Resurgence function differs significantly from the No[t] IMB functional form, but it was well-modeled by the NA[t] fast pandemic shutoff function. These results indicate that: (a) the gradual increase in tdbldoubling time from society-wide shut-downs is likely due to eliminating of a large number of population gathering points that could have enabled CoVID-19 spread; and (b) having a non-zero δofast pandemic shutoff is likely due to more people wearing masks more often [with 12 Figures].
Increased upper-limb sensory attenuation with age
Authors: Parthasharathy Manasa , Mantini Dante , de Xivry Jean-Jacques Orban 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe pressure of our own finger on the arm feels differently than the same pressure exerted by an external agent: the latter involves just touch, whereas the former involves a combination of touch and predictive output from the internal model of the body. This internal model predicts the movement of our own finger and hence the intensity of the sensation of the finger press is decreased. A decrease in intensity of the self-produced stimulus is called sensory attenuation. It has been reported that, due to decreased somatosensation with age and an increased reliance on the prediction of the internal model, sensory attenuation is increased in older adults.In this study, we used a force-matching paradigm to test if sensory attenuation is also present over the arm and if aging increases sensory attenuation. We demonstrated that, while both young and older adults overestimate a self-produced force, older adults overestimate it even more showing an increased sensory attenuation. In addition, we also found that both younger and older adults self-produce higher forces when activating the homologous muscles of the upper limb.While this is traditionally viewed as evidence for an increased reliance on internal model function in older adults because of decreased somatosensory function, somatosensation appeared unimpaired in our older participants. This begs the question of whether the decreased somatosensation is really responsible for the increased sensory attenuation observed in older people.New and NoteworthyForces generated externally (by the environment on the participant) and internally (by the participant on her/his body) are not perceived with the same intensity. Internally-generated forces are perceived less intensely than externally generated ones. This difference in force sensation has been shown to be higher in elderly participants when the forces were applied on the fingers because of their impaired somatosensation. Here we replicated this finding for the arm but suggest that it is unlikely linked to impaired somatosensory function.
Cognitive and motor perseveration are associated in older adults
Authors: Sombric Carly , Torres-Oviedo Gelsy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAging causes perseveration (difficulty to switch between actions) in motor and cognitive tasks, suggesting that the same neural processes could govern these abilities in older adults. To test this, we evaluated the relation between independently measured motor and cognitive perseveration in young (21.4±3.7 y/o) and older participants (76.5±2.9 y/o). Motor perseveration was measured with a locomotor task in which participants had to transition between distinct walking patterns. Cognitive perseveration was measured with a card matching task in which participants had to switch between distinct matching rules. We found that perseveration in the cognitive and motor domains were positively related in older, but not younger individuals, such that participants exhibiting greater perseveration in the motor task also perseverated more in the cognitive task. Additionally, exposure reduces motor perseveration: older adults who had practiced the motor task could transition between walking patterns as proficiently as naïve, young individuals. Our results suggest an overlap in neural processes governing cognitive and motor perseveration with aging and that exposure can counteract the age-related motor perseveration.HighlightsMovement carryover from the treadmill to overground indicates motor perseveration.Greater motor and cognitive perseveration are associated in older adults.Motor perseveration in older adults can be reduced with practice.New motor memories are similarly forgotten in older and younger adults.
Hydroxychloroquine as pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 in healthcare workers: a randomized trial
Authors: Rajasingham Radha , Bangdiwala Ananta S , Nicol Melanie R , Skipper Caleb P , Pastick Katelyn A , Axelrod Margaret L , Pullen Matthew F , Nascene Alanna A , Williams Darlisha A , Engen Nicole W , Okafor Elizabeth C , Rini Brian I , Mayer Ingrid A , McDonald Emily G , Lee Todd C. , Li Peter , MacKenzie Lauren J , Balko Justin M , Dunlop Stephen J , Hullsiek Katherine H , Boulware David R , Lofgren Sarah M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a rapidly emerging virus causing the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic with no known effective prophylaxis. We investigated whether hydroxychloroquine could prevent SARS CoV-2 in healthcare workers at high-risk of exposure.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of healthcare workers with ongoing exposure to persons with Covid-19, including those working in emergency departments, intensive care units, Covid-19 hospital wards, and first responders.Participants across the United States and in the Canadian province of Manitoba were randomized to hydroxychloroquine 400mg once weekly or twice weekly for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was confirmed or probable Covid-19-compatible illness. We measured hydroxychloroquine whole blood concentrations.ResultsWe enrolled 1483 healthcare workers, of which 79% reported performing aerosol-generating procedures. The incidence of Covid-19 (laboratory-confirmed or symptomatic compatible illness) was 0.27 events per person-year with once-weekly and 0.28 events per person-year with twice-weekly hydroxychloroquine compared with 0.38 events per person-year with placebo. For once weekly hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis, the hazard ratio was 0.72 (95%CI 0.44 to 1.16; P=0.18) and for twice weekly was 0.74 (95%CI 0.46 to 1.19; P=0.22) as compared with placebo. Median hydroxychloroquine concentrations in whole blood were 98 ng/mL (IQR, 82-120) with once-weekly and 200 ng/mL (IQR, 159-258) with twice-weekly dosing. Hydroxychloroquine concentrations did not differ between participants who developed Covid-19 (154 ng/mL) versus participants without Covid-19 (133 ng/mL; P=0.08).ConclusionsPre-exposure prophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine once or twice weekly did not significantly reduce laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 or Covid-19-compatible illness among healthcare workers.Key PointsIn this randomized clinical trial of 1483 high-risk healthcare workers, there was no significant reduction in incidence of Covid-19 with once weekly or twice weekly hydroxychloroquine compared to placebo.
Variability in the diet diversity of catfish highlighted through DNA barcoding
Authors: Prasannakumar Chinnamani , Iyyapparajanarasimapallavan Gunasekaran , Rahman M. Ashiq Ur , Mohanchander P. , Sudhakar T. , Kadharsha K. , Khan K. Feroz , Vijaylaxmi J. , Prasanthi Narra , Subramanian Kumaran , Manokaran Seerangan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIdentification and quantification of fish diet diversity was the first step in understanding the food web dynamics and ecosystem energetics, where the contribution of DNA barcoding technique has been important. We used DNA barcoding to identify the stomach contents of a euryhaline, benthophagous catfish Ariius maculatus. From 40 catfish stomach items sampled in two different seasons, we barcoded 67 piscine and macro-invertebrates prey items, identified as belonging to 13 species in 4 major phyla (viz., Chordate, Arthropod, Annelida and Mollusca). It is important to note that the mollusc taxa (Meritrix meritrix and Perna viridis) and a species of fish (Stolephorus indicus) could not be found among the gut contents of A. maculatus sampled during the pre- and post-monsoon season, respectively. Among the piscine diets of A. maculatus, Eubleekeria splendens (23.5%) and Stolephorus indicus (23.5%) were the major prey taxa during pre-monsoon season. The hermit crabs forms the major constituents of both pre- and post-monsoon seasons, among invertebrate taxa. Polychaete, Capitella capitata (25.92%) was abundantly consumed invertebrates next to hermit crabs. We noticed that in pre-monsoon A. maculatus was more piscivorous than post-monsoon. As revealed through Kimura-2 parametric pair­wise distance analysis, the diet diversity was relatively higher in post-monsoon. The accumulation curve estimated 57 haplotypes within 14 barcoded species (including the host A. maculatus). Majority of haplotypes were found among fishes (47.36%) followed by Arthropods (28.07%), Annelids (14.03%) and Mollusca (10.52%), respectively. This study also highlights that there is a growing concern about A. maculatus’s aggressive predation on commercially important stocks of fish and invertebrates. We will continue to expand the coverage of species barcoded in the reference database, which will become more significant as meta- and environmental DNA barcoding techniques become cheaper and prevalent.
fsbrain: an R package for the visualization of structural neuroimaging data
Authors: Schäfer Tim , Ecker Christine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSummaryWe introduce fsbrain, an R package for the visualization of neuroimaging data. The package can be used to visualize vertex-wise and region-wise morphometry data, parcellations, labels and statistical results on brain surfaces in three dimensions (3D). Voxel data can be displayed in lightbox mode. The fsbrain package offers various customization options and produces publication quality plots which can be displayed interactively, saved as bitmap images, or integrated into R notebooks.Availability and ImplementationThe software, source code and documentation are available under the MIT license athttps://github.com/dfsp-spirit/fsbrain. Releases can be installed directly from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN).Contacttim.schaefer@kgu.de
A Simple Nuclear Contrast Staining Method for MicroCT-Based 3D Histology Using Lead(II) Acetate
Authors: Metscher Brian 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTX-ray microtomography (microCT) enables histological-scale 3D imaging of many types of biological samples, but it has yet to rival traditional histology for differentiation of tissue types and cell components. This report presents prima facie results indicating that a simple lead(II) acetate staining solution can impart preferential X-ray contrast to cell nuclei. While not strictly selective for nuclei, the staining reflects local cell-density differences. It can be applied in a single overnight treatment and does not require hematoxylin staining or drying of the sample. The stain is removable with EDTA, and it may enhance early calcifications. A basic protocol is given as a guide for further testing and optimisation.
Elastase treatment of tendon specifically impacts the mechanical properties of the interfascicular matrix
Authors: Godinho Marta S. , Thorpe Chavaunne T. , Greenwald Steve E. , Screen Hazel R. C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe tendon interfascicular matrix (IFM) binds tendon fascicles together. As a result of its low stiffness behaviour under small loads, it enables non-uniform loading and increased overall extensibility of tendon by facilitating fascicle sliding. This function is particularly important in energy storing tendons, with previous studies demonstrating enhanced extensibility, recovery and fatigue resistance in the IFM of energy storing compared to positional tendons. However, the compositional specialisations within the IFM that confer this behaviour remain to be elucidated. It is well established that the IFM is rich in elastin, therefore we sought to test the hypothesis that elastin depletion (following elastase treatment) will significantly impact IFM, but not fascicle, mechanical properties, reducing IFM resilience in all samples, but to a greater extent in younger tendons, which have a higher elastin content. Using a combination of quasi-static and fatigue testing, and optical imaging, we confirmed our hypothesis, demonstrating that elastin depletion resulted in significant decreases in IFM viscoelasticity, fatigue resistance and recoverability compared to untreated samples, with no significant changes to fascicle mechanics. Ageing had little effect on fascicle or IFM response to elastase treatment.This study offers a first insight into the functional importance of elastin in regional specific tendon mechanics. It highlights the important contribution of elastin to IFM mechanical properties, demonstrating that maintenance of a functional elastin network within the IFM is essential to maintain IFM and thus tendon integrity.
Differential effect of ethanol intoxication on peripheral markers of cerebral injury in murine blunt TBI
Authors: Li Zhenghui , Zhang Jin , Halbgebauer Steffen , Chandrasekar Akila , Rehman Rida , Ludolph Albert , Boeckers Tobias , Huber-Lang Markus , Otto Markus , Roselli Francesco , Heuvel Florian olde 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBlood-based biomarkers have proven to be a reliable measure of traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity and outcome, in both murine models and patients. In particular, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and neurofilament light (NFL) have been investigated in the clinical setting post injury. Ethanol intoxication (EI) remains a significant comorbidity in TBI, with 30-40% of patients having a positive blood alcohol level (BAC) post TBI. The effect of ethanol on blood-based biomarkers on the prognosis and diagnosis of TBI remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of EI on NSE and NFL and their correlation with blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in a murine model of TBI. We have used ultra-sensitive single molecule array technology (SIMOA) and ELISA methods to measure NFL, NSE and Claudin-5 concentrations in plasma 3h post TBI. We showed that both NFL and NSE were increased 3h post TBI. However, ethanol blood concentrations only showed an inverse correlation with NSE, but not NFL. Claudin-5 levels were increased post injury, but no difference was detected in EI. The Claudin-5 increase post TBI was correlated with NFL, but not with NSE. Thus, the data indicate that ethanol has a confined effect on biomarker release in the bloodstream and neuronal biomarkers reflect a different pathophysiology upon TBI.
The mobility of interfaces between monomers in dimeric bovine ATP synthase participates in the ultrastructure of inner mitochondrial membranes
Authors: Spikes Tobias E. , Montgomery Martin G. , Walker John E. 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYThe ATP synthase complexes in mitochondria make the ATP required to sustain life by a rotary mechanism. Their membrane domains are embedded in the inner membranes of the organelle and they dimerize via interactions between their membrane domains. The dimers form extensive chains along the tips of the cristae with the two rows of monomeric catalytic domains extending into the mitochondrial matrix at an angle to each other. When the interaction between membrane domains is disrupted in living cells, the morphology of the cristae is affected severely. By analysis of particles of purified dimeric bovine ATP synthase by cryo-electron microscopy, we have shown that the angle between the central rotatory axes of the monomeric complexes varies betweenca. 76°andca. 95°. Some variations in this angle arise directly from the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme, and others are independent of catalysis. The monomer-monomer interaction is mediated mainly by j-subunits attached to the surface of wedge shaped protein-lipid structures in the membrane domain of the complex, and the angular variation arises from rotational and translational changes in this interaction, and combinations of both. The structures also suggest how the dimeric ATP synthases might be interacting with each other to form the characteristic rows along the tips of the cristae via other inter-wedge contacts, moulding themselves to the range of oligomeric arrangements observed by tomography of mitochondrial membranes, and at the same time allowing the ATP synthase to operate under the range of physiological conditions that influence the structure of the cristae.