bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Twisted Structures of Flatland Materials and Crafting Moiré Superlattices
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Li Yu , Wang Huide , Zhang Wen‐Xing , Wang Cong , Zhang Han 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed the occurrence of novel 2D moiré patterns in nanoflatland materials. These visually beautiful moiré superlattices have become a playground on which exotic quantum phenomena can be observed. The state‐of‐the‐art experimental techniques that have been developed for crafting moiré superlattices of flatland materials are reviewed. Graphene and its heterostructure with boron nitride have now sparked new interlayer twists as a new degree of freedom for tuning several angle‐dependent physical properties, e.g., the appearance of van Hove singularities, tunable Mott insulator states, and the Hofstadter butterfly pattern. Moreover, the interplay of correlated insulating states and superconductivity is recently observed for a so‐called magic‐angle twisted bilayer graphene. Furthermore, beyond graphene, other 2D materials, such as silicene, phosphorene, and the recent black phosphorus /MoS2 heterojunctions, which are 2D allotropes of bismuth and antimony grown on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite and MoS2, are considered. Finally, the optically important exciton phenomenon, which depends on the moiré potential and has been observed for a moiré superlattice of transition metal dichalcogenides, is discussed. This overview aims to cover all the fascinating prospects that depend on the moiré superlattice, ranging from electronic structure to optical exotics among flatland materials.
The True Amphipathic Nature of Graphene Flakes: A Versatile 2D Stabilizer
Authors: Kuziel Anna W. , Milowska Karolina Z. , Chau Pak‐Lee , Boncel Slawomir , Koziol Krzysztof K. , Yahya Noorhana , Payne Mike C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe fundamental colloidal properties of pristine graphene flakes remain incompletely understood, with conflicting reports about their chemical character, hindering potential applications that could exploit the extraordinary electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties of graphene. Here, the true amphipathic nature of pristine graphene flakes is demonstrated through wet‐chemistry testing, optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and density functional theory, molecular dynamics, and Monte Carlo calculations, and it is shown how this fact paves the way for the formation of ultrastable water/oil emulsions. In contrast to commonly used graphene oxide flakes, pristine graphene flakes possess well‐defined hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions: the basal plane and edges, respectively, the interplay of which allows small flakes to be utilized as stabilizers with an amphipathic strength that depends on the edge‐to‐surface ratio. The interactions between flakes can be also controlled by varying the oil‐to‐water ratio. In addition, it is predicted that graphene flakes can be efficiently used as a new‐generation stabilizer that is active under high pressure, high temperature, and in saline solutions, greatly enhancing the efficiency and functionality of applications based on this material.
Recent Progress on Microfine Design of Metal–Organic Frameworks: Structure Regulation and Gas Sorption and Separation
Authors: Li Jiantang , Bhatt Prashant M. , Li Jiyang , Eddaoudi Mohamed , Liu Yunling 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as an important and unique class of functional crystalline hybrid porous materials in the past two decades. Due to their modular structures and adjustable pore system, such distinctive materials have exhibited remarkable prospects in key applications pertaining to adsorption such as gas storage, gas and liquid separations, and trace impurity removal. Evidently, gaining a better understanding of the structure–property relationship offers great potential for the enhancement of a given associated MOF property either by structural adjustments via isoreticular chemistry or by the design and construction of new MOF structures via the practice of reticular chemistry. Correspondingly, the application of isoreticular chemistry paves the way for the microfine design and structure regulation of presented MOFs. Explicitly, the microfine tuning is mainly based on known MOF platforms, focusing on the modification and/or functionalization of a precise part of the MOF structure or pore system, thus providing an effective approach to produce richer pore systems with enhanced performances from a limited number of MOF platforms. Here, the latest progress in this field is highlighted by emphasizing the differences and connections between various methods. Finally, the challenges together with prospects are also discussed.
A Triboelectric Closed‐Loop Sensing System for Authenticity Identification of Paper‐Based Artworks
Authors: Chen Baodong , Liu Di , Jiang Tao , Tang Wei , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNondestructive testing (NDT) is crucial technology for authenticity identification of paper‐based artworks. Emerging optical spectroscopy is an important technique of NDT at present, by which high‐bightness light, electron beams, and rays could cause permanent damage to different types of paper‐based artworks. Here, using only NDT technology, triboelectric closed‐loop sensing system (TE‐CLSS) is developed by contact electrification effect. It is composed of a stethoscope‐like triboelectric nanogenerator (SL‐TENG) and matched closed‐loop feedback circuit (CLFC), that is capable of active sensing in a similar way to a stethoscope when it makes slight contact with the surface of object. The results report that the ΔV accuracy of TE‐CLSS could achieve 0.01 V, with relative error of measurement within 3%, and average response time of 0.205 s. Furthermore, it could sense the area change of the test material layers that accurately reach millimeter level, by which different grayscale values, colored inks, and oil paintings are successfully identified. This work gives a new insight into the future NDT technologies suitable for the identification of cultural relics.
Highly Uniform Two‐Terminal Artificial Synapses Based on Polycrystalline Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 for Sparsified Back Propagation Networks
Authors: Lu Yingming , Liu Keqin , Yang Jingjing , Zhang Teng , Cheng Caidie , Dang Bingjie , Xu Liying , Zhu Jiadi , Huang Qianqian , Huang Ru , Yang Yuchao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractArtificial neural networks with nonvolatile memristors as synapses represent an in‐memory computing paradigm, where the online training of networks with rapidly growing scale places high requirements on device uniformity and endurance as well as training time and energy. Here, a highly uniform two‐terminal Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 based artificial synapse is reported, which shows 4‐bit weight precision, cycle‐to‐cycle variation (σ/µ) of <4%, device‐to‐device variation (σ/µ) of <9%, retention of >104 s at 85 °C, and endurance of >106. The improved uniformity can be attributed to the nonfilamentary resistive switching mechanism mediated by ion exchange at the interface. A holistic optimization using such reliable synapses and modified algorithm with sparsified back propagation can accelerate training by 166 times, decrease the energy consumption by 83 times, reduce the total updating rate by 138 times in multilayer perceptron, and the approach can be extended to convolutional neural networks as well. The synergistically optimized approach thus paves the way for the construction of memristor based systems capable of learning and interacting adaptively.
Proximity‐driven, Regioselective Chemical Modification of Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Hymel David , Liu Fa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChemical methods to covalently modify recombinant peptides and proteins are becoming increasingly valuable as the development of biological therapeutics accelerates. Rapid advances in chemoselectivity have been achieved to modify desired proteogenic and non‐proteogenic amino acids. However, regioselectivity, in which a specific amino acid can be modified in the presence of chemically identical residues, has been much more difficult to achieve. This mini‐review focuses on recent advances in regioselective chemical modification of peptides and proteins utilizing microenvironment and/or proximity‐driven effects to achieve selectivity.
A hydrocarbon pipeline spill risk assessment framework for drinking water supply
Authors: Kammoun Raja , Barrette Simon , Bichai Françoise , Dorner Sarah , Prévost Michèle 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough infrequent, pipeline spills have the potential to contaminate source water supplies and disrupt drinking water production for extended periods. Detailed multiphase contaminant fate and transport models linked to hydrodynamic models are ideal for determining the potential impact of oil spills on drinking water sources. However, sufficient data are often unavailable to simulate spills scenarios. Thus, a simple semiquantitative modeling approach is proposed that is based on documented pipeline spills recorded in scientific literature. A risk matrix was used to combine the consequences of a spill with the probability that it would contaminate drinking water sources. The new Pipeline Spill Risk Assessment Framework was applied to 26 drinking water intakes located in the greater Montreal area (Quebec). The proposed framework allows for transparency and facilitation of public discussions with regard to oil spill risks and decision‐making for source water protection and water safety plans.
Exosome‐transmitted linc00852 associated with receptor tyrosine kinase AXL dysregulates the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma
Authors: Li Qiming , Wang Xuedi , Jiang Nian , Xie Xianbiao , Liu Ni , Liu JunFeng , Shen Jingnan , Peng Tingsheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundReceptor tyrosine kinase AXL has been found to be highly expressed in osteosarcoma and positively associated with poor prognosis. There are tumor groups with high or low AXL expression, which had different capabilities of invading vessels and forming distal metastases. Exosome‐transmitted lncRNA may be transferred intercellularly to promote tumor cells’ proliferation and invasion.MethodsExosomes were detected by electron microscopy, particle size analysis, and western blotting. High‐throughput sequencing helped to find the highest differentially expressed lncRNA in AXL‐associated exosomes. Clone formation, wound healing, transwell assay, and xenograft model in nude mice were performed to evaluate cells’ proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Lentiviral transfection was used to up‐ or down‐regulate the lncRNA levels in cell lines. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA FISH etchelped to indicate the molecular mechanisms. The results in the cell lines were proved in the osteosarcoma tissues with clinical analysis.ResultsThe exosomes derived from donor cells with high AXL expression could promote the proliferation and invasion and upregulate AXL expression of the receiver cells with low AXL. Linc00852 was the highest differentially expressed lncRNA in AXL‐associated exosomes and was also regulated by AXL expression. Although the mechanisms of linc00852 in nucleus were unrevealed, it could upregulate AXL expression partly by competitively binding to miR‐7‐5p. The AXL‐exosome‐linc00852‐AXL positive feedback loop might exist between the donor cells and the receiver cells. Clinically, linc00852 was significantly highly expressed in osteosarcoma tissues and positively associated with tumor volumes and metastases, which was also obviously related with AXL mRNA expression.ConclusionAXL‐associated exosomal linc00852 up‐regulated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells, which would be considered as a new tumor biomarker and a special therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
Customized composite veneers from a totally digital workflow: A case report
Authors: Ortensi Luca , Vitali Tommaso , Ortensi Marco , Lavorgna Luca , Strocchi Maria Laura 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA treatment plan based on the use of a preview software can offer the possibility to rapidly communicate with the patient. Fully digital workflow allows for making several objects at the same time in a precise and cost‐efficient manner.
Cerebrospinal fluid xanthochromia after pegasparaginase hepatotoxicity in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Moia Riccardo , Greco Mariangela , Boggione Paola , Nicolosi Maura , Bruna Riccardo , Patriarca Andrea , Gaidano Gianluca , Lunghi Monia 
Published: July 2020

Key Clinical MessagePatients with B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with pegasparaginase‐containing regimens can develop hepatotoxicity related to it. The systemic hyperbilirubinemia due to hepatotoxicity can lead to the development of CSF xanthochromia.
Inoculant effects on fermentation characteristics, nutritive value, and mycotoxin concentrations of bermudagrass silage
Authors: Gouvêa V.N. , Vendramini J.M.B. , Sollenberger L.E. , de Oliveira F.C. Leite , Dubeux J.C.B. , Moriel P. , Cecato U. , Soares Filho C. V. , Sanchez J.M.D. , Yarborough J.K. , Kuhawara F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicrobial inoculants have been used extensively to enhance silage fermentation characteristics; however, there is limited information about the effects of microbial inoculants on warm‐season perennial grass silage. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of commercial inoculants on mycotoxins, fermentation characteristics, and nutritive value of Jiggs bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] silage. The experiment was conducted at Ona, FL, from June to October of 2014 and 2015. Treatments were seven commercial microbial inoculants (mixtures of homofermentative and heterofermentative bacteria: B500, Biotal Plus II, Early Sile Advance, Promote HQ, Promote VS‐3, F20, F600) and control (no inoculant) in a randomized complete block design with six replicates in each year. Mini‐silos were filled immediately after harvest and each treatment was sprayed using a hand sprayer before ensiling at rates recommended from the product manufacturer. There were no differences in pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N), aerobic stability, and mold and yeast counts among treatments. In addition, silage dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP), total digestible nutrients (TDN), in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) did not differ among treatments. There was no presence of aflatoxin, zearalenone, and fumonisin in the silage. The inoculants evaluated herein did not affect nutritive value and fermentation characteristics of bermudagrass silage. The decision to add inoculants to bermudagrass silage must be made carefully due to inconsistent results and unlikely economic return.
Evaluation of the Potential for QTc Prolongation With Repeated Oral Doses of Fedratinib in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Ogasawara Ken , Xu Christine , Yin Jian , Darpo Borje , Carayannopoulos Leon , Xue Hongqi , Palmisano Maria , Krishna Gopal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe impact of repeated daily 500‐mg fedratinib (an oral selective Janus kinase [JAK] 2 inhibitor) on QTc and other electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters was assessed in 60 patients with advanced solid tumors. Patients received placebo on day 1 and fedratinib 500 mg daily for 14 days. Concentration‐QTc analysis was performed with change‐from‐baseline QTc corrected by Fridericia's formula (ΔQTcF) as the dependent variable. Fedratinib median time to maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was observed 3 hours postdose on day 15. The largest difference between means for fedratinib and placebo was 0.5 bpm (90%CI, −2.75 to 3.72 bpm) for heart rate (3 hours postdose) and 4.3 milliseconds (90%CI, 1.04‐7.60 milliseconds) for QTcF (4 hours postdose). The estimated slope of the fedratinib concentration‐QTcF relationship was shallow and not statistically significant: −0.0005 milliseconds per ng/mL (90%CI, −0.00145 to 0.00050 milliseconds per ng/mL). Predicted fedratinib placebo‐corrected ΔQTcF was 0.6 milliseconds (90%CI, −1.80 to 2.93 milliseconds) at the geometric mean of the observed Cmax (3615 ng/mL). Fedratinib did not affect PR or QRS intervals. No patients had QTcF > 60 milliseconds, and no patients experienced QTcF ≥ 500 milliseconds. Fedratinib did not cause clinically relevant ECG effects or QTc prolongation. Safety findings were consistent with the known safety profile.
Chiral Electrochemistry: Anodic Deposition of Enantiopure Helical Molecules
Authors: Vacek Jan , Zadny Jaroslav , Storch Jan , Hrbac Jan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChirality is a fascinating phenomenon for recent electrochemistry and materials research, allowing for the preparation of detection platforms based on analyte enantiodiscrimination and the development of advanced chiroptical devices and chiral electrodes. In this Viewpoint, we highlight new directions in the field of chiral helical polyaromatic molecules (mainly helicenes) that are useful for the preparation of optically and redox‐active polymers and/or self‐assembled thin layers, nanostructures and functional electrode surfaces. Instead of the previously reported chiral materials prepared by molecular imprinting, a concept based on the preparation of inherently chiral helicene‐based materials with (opto)electrochemical applicability is presented. A short overview of well‐established electrochemical methods for the research of chiral molecules is also outlined.
Hydrogen Generation from Catalytic Reforming of Paraformaldehyde and Water by Polymeric Bifunctional Catalysts Comprising Ruthenium and Sulfonic Acid Units
Authors: Shen Yangbin , Bai Chuang , Zhan Yulu , Ning Fandi , Wang Huihui , Lv Guojun , Zhou Xiaochun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs a clean and sustainable source of energy, hydrogen shows great potential to be the ultimate energy source in future. In this research, paraformaldehyde is used as hydrogen carrier. Several bifunctional catalysts are prepared for the hydrogen generation from paraformaldehyde. The bifunctional catalysts contain two catalytically active sites. One is a sulfonic acid group for paraformaldehyde hydrolysis, and the other is an organometallic group that catalyzes the hydrogen release from formaldehyde. Bifunctional iridium catalysts and bifunctional rhodium catalysts could only generate traces of hydrogen in the initial phase of paraformaldehyde decomposition. Only the bifunctional ruthenium catalyst shows high activity due to its bifunctional catalytically active sites, thus more than 98.0 % of the initially produced gas contains hydrogen. The initial TOF is 685 h−1 at 363 K when the paraformaldehyde concentration is 20 wt%. A reaction mechanism is proposed for the hydrogen generation from paraformaldehyde in which formaldehyde and formic acid are intermediates Formic acid decomposition is the rate‐determining step in the later phase of paraformaldehyde decomposition.
A dynamic fog service provisioning approach for IoT applications
Authors: Faraji Mehmandar Mohammad , Jabbehdari Sam , Haj Seyyed Javadi Hamid 
Published: July 2020

SummaryInternet of Things (IoT) is an ecosystem that can improve the life quality of humans through smart services, thereby facilitating everyday tasks. Connecting to cloud and utilizing its services are now public and common, and the experts seek to find some ways to complete cloud computing to use it in IoT, which in next decades will make everything online. Fog computing, where the cloud computing expands to the edge of the network, is one way to achieve the objectives of delay reduction, immediate processing, and network congestion. Since IoT devices produce variations of workloads over time, IoT application services will experience traffic trace fluctuations. So knowing about the distribution of future workloads required to handle IoT workload while meeting the QoS constraint. As a result, in the context of fog computing, the main objective of resource management is dynamic resource provisioning such that it avoids the excess or dearth of provisioning. In the present work, we first propose a distributed computing framework for autonomic resource management in the context of fog computing. Then, we provide a customized version of a provisioning system for IoT services based on control MAPE‐k loop. The system makes use of a reinforcement learning technique as decision maker in planning phase and support vector regression technique in analysis phase. At the end, we conduct a family of simulation‐based experiments to assess the performance of our introduced system. The average delay, cost, and delay violation are decreased by 1.95%, 11%, and 5.1%, respectively, compared with existing solutions.
Increasing concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in browning boreal lakes is driven by nuisance alga Gonyostomum
Authors: Strandberg Ursula , Hiltunen Minna , Rissanen Ninni , Taipale Sami , Akkanen Jarkko , Kankaala Paula 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElevated concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) promote browning of lakes, which alters the physicochemical properties of water and ecosystem functioning. However, browning‐induced changes in basal production of polyunsaturated fatty acids from the n‐3 and n‐6 families (n‐3 and n‐6 PUFA) in lakes are not fully understood. The concentrations of PUFA, which are micronutrients required to maintain growth and reproduction of consumers, have been suggested to either rise or decline in seston as a response to lake browning. Elevated DOC concentrations may also promote bacterial biomass and production and thus potentially increase the concentration of bacterial fatty acids (BAFA) in seston. We analyzed phytoplankton, bacteria and heterotroph biomasses, the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton, and the concentrations and mass fractions of bioseston PUFA, BAFA, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids in ten boreal lakes in eastern Finland, with DOC concentration ranging from 2.8 to 18.7 mg/L. Our results showed that the abundance of PUFA in seston depended on the responses of phytoplankton biomass and community composition to lake browning. Lake browning increased seston PUFA and BAFA concentrations (expressed as µg/L) but not the contents (expressed as µg/mg bioseston C). Although low DOC lakes had a favorable phytoplankton community (in terms of PUFA content), the phytoplankton biomass in these oligotrophic lakes was so low that the concentration of PUFA remained low compared to high DOC lakes. The increasing concentration of PUFA in bioseston along the DOC gradient was mainly due to the increasing biomass of nuisance alga Gonyostomum semen. However, Gonyostomum may be too large for small‐sized zooplankton to ingest, and thus, the trophic transfer of PUFA may be impaired. The trajectories for lake browning and the basal production of PUFA also may depend on the source of carbon and associated nutrient loading; DOC and nutrient loading from agricultural areas may promote cyanobacteria dominance and decrease PUFA availability in lakes, while DOC runoff from more acidic and nutrient‐poor peatlands may promote Gonyostomum dominance and increase seston PUFA concentration.