bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of selection bias due to non‐participation in a cohort study on pubertal timing
Authors: Brix Nis , Ernst Andreas , Lauridsen Lea Lykke Braskhøj , Parner Erik Thorlund , Arah Onyebuchi A. , Olsen Jørn , Henriksen Tine Brink , Ramlau‐Hansen Cecilia Høst 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundNon‐participation in aetiologic studies of pubertal timing is frequent. However, little effort has been given to explore the risk and potential impact of selection bias in studies of pubertal timing.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the risk of selection bias due to non‐participation in a newly established puberty cohort.MethodsWe evaluated whether three maternal exposures chosen a priori (pre‐pregnancy obesity, smoking, and alcohol drinking during pregnancy) were associated with participation, whether pubertal timing was associated with participation, and whether selection bias influenced the associations between these exposures and pubertal timing. In total, 22 439 children from the Danish National Birth Cohort born 2000–2003 were invited to the Puberty Cohort and 15 819 (70%) participated. Exposures were self‐reported during pregnancy. Pubertal timing was measured using a previously validated marker, “the height difference in standard deviations” (HD:SDS), which is the difference between pubertal height and adult height, both in standard deviations. For this study, pubertal height at around 13 years in sons and around 11 years in daughters was obtained from an external database, and adult height was predicted based on parental height reported by mothers.ResultsParticipation was associated with most exposures but not with pubertal timing, measured by HD:SDS. The associations between exposures and HD:SDS were comparable for participants only and all invited for participation.ConclusionIn conclusion, the risk of selection bias in aetiologic studies on pubertal timing in the Puberty Cohort appears minimal.
Calving date and its variability as a potential trait in the breeding objective to account for reproductive seasonality in alpacas
Authors: Cruz Alan , Gutiérrez Juan Pablo , Torres Richard , Formoso‐Rafferty Nora , Morante Renzo , Burgos Alonso , Cervantes Isabel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe low fertility and offspring survival indicators in alpacas can be partially due to their particularity seasonal reproduction that reduces the opportunities of the females to become pregnant within a season, with the survival of the offspring concerned by the availability of food and exposure to diseases that depends on the calving date. Optimizing the date of delivery and reducing its variability are shown as eligible criteria that could be used as selection criteria within the genetic improvement programmes in alpacas, the calving date being a much more appropriate trait to measure and optimize fertility unlike of age at first calving and the calving interval, this due to the reproductive seasonality in camelids. For this study, 6,533 birth date records were taken between 2001 and 2018 of Peruvian alpacas, to estimate the genetic parameters. Models assuming heterogeneity in the residuals were fitted besides classical homogeneous models to address, not only the possibility of forwarding or delaying the calving date, but also the trend to have parturitions in similar dates. The heritability and repeatability ranged from 0.07 to 0.20 for a homogeneity model and from 0.08 to 0.23 for a heterogeneity model, and suggest the possibility of advancing or delaying the calving date. It should be taken into account that the gestation length of camelids makes it difficult to adapt many reproductive traits, and trying to centre the calving date could delay it. It was concluded the feasibility to genetically select the calving date, also in the production of camels and dromedaries, which have the same reproductive characteristics as alpacas. This selection can be combined with other traits. The heterogeneity model was shown to provide a better fit.
Improved access to better HLA‐matched hematopoietic cells for allogeneic transplant: analysis of donors and cord blood units selected for Canadian patients in 2018
Authors: Greco‐Stewart Valerie , Elmoazzen Heidi , Morris Gail , Guo Yiming , Langdon Colleen , Mercer Dena , Dibdin Nicholas , Allan David S. 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUNDPatients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) often require use of an unrelated donor or cord blood unit (CBU). An understanding of evolving practices in graft selection is needed for optimization of donor recruitment and cord blood collection.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSEach donor workup (WU) requested in 2018 involving a Canadian (CDN) patient and unique donor product or CBU was reviewed (n = 598). Degree of HLA match; product origin (domestic or international [INT]); and non‐HLA factors including donor age, sex, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and ABO compatibility were analyzed for WUs that proceeded to transplant (n = 414). We also analyzed changes compared to a similar analysis performed in 2013.RESULTSThe majority of transplants used matched unrelated donors (MUDs; n = 323; 78%) and were most often young (≤35 years), male, INT donors (n = 136). The proportion of transplants involving MUDs, as opposed to mismatched unrelated donors or CBUs, increased by 12.4% compared with 2013. When young, male, CDN MUDs were identified in patient search reports but not selected, CMV mismatching and ABO incompatibility were most likely to have influenced the decision to use an INT MUD. Consistent with global trends, CBU transplants decreased compared to 2013; however, the degree of HLA matching improved significantly, and 27% of transplanted CBUs were procured from the Canadian Blood Services Cord Blood Bank.CONCLUSIONSAccess to MUDs and better HLA‐matched CBUs by CDN patients has increased since 2013. Ongoing recruitment of young registrants and cord blood donors with diverse HLA haplotypes will support selection of donors with optimal non‐HLA characteristics.
Removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater using supported liquid membrane: synthesis of chromium‐iron complex through electrochemical reaction
Authors: Mondal Supriyo Kumar , Saha Prabirkumar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTreatment of wastewater containing hexavalent chromium is the issue in this research. Supported liquid membrane with in situ electrochemical reaction in stripping section helps to reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium by forming chromium‐iron complex. Iron plate acts as anode in stripping section. The chromium‐iron complex is an useful value added product that can be used for various purposes such as catalyst in water‐gas shift reaction. Aliquat 336 has been used as carrier for transport of hexavalent chromium. Various physico‐chemical parameters have been optimised to detect the condition of maximum transport and precipitation of chromium‐iron complex in stripping phase. The important physico‐chemical parameters such as strip phase concentration, strip phase pH and concentration of carrier (% v/v) in Liquid Membrane have been selected through response surface methodology to obtain optimum performance for %precipitation of chromium.
Invasiveness of agronomic weed species in wheat in Western Australia
Authors: Borger Catherine P. D. , Hashem Abul , van Burgel Andrew , Gill Gurjeet S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWeed seeds are introduced to agronomic systems naturally or through human‐mediated seed dispersal, and introduced seeds have a high chance of being resistant to selective, in‐crop herbicides. However, colonisation (invasion) rates for a weed species are usually much lower than rates of seed dispersal. The current research investigated colonisation of a winter annual wheat cropping system in Western Australia by a range of winter or summer annual weed species. The weed seeds were sown (at 100 seeds/m2) directly before seeding the crop in 2016 and allowed to grow in the following 3 years of wheat. Selective herbicides were not applied, to simulate growth of weed populations if the initial seed had been resistant to herbicide. Bromus diandrus, Hordeum leporinum, Rumex hypogaeus, Sonchus oleraceus, Polygonum aviculare, Lolium rigidum, Citrullus amarus and Tribulus terrestris colonised the crop, while Dactyloctenium radulans, Chloris truncata and Salsola australis failed to establish over 3 years. The most successful weed was B. diandrus, with a plant density of 1,170/m2 by the third year and seed production of 67,740/m2. The high density of B. diandrus reduced wheat density by 76% in the third year and reduced average yield by 36%. Lolium rigidum reduced average yield by 11%, and the other weed species did not affect crop yield. Further research is required on the invasiveness of these species in other regions, but it is clear that the spread of B. diandrus to new areas or the introduction of resistant B. diandrus seeds via contaminated grain should be avoided.
Biotechnology Anticipates 4D Printing
Authors: Kosowatz John 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Rapid advancements in 3D printing that have fueled the development of advanced manufacturing applications are well-known. New printing techniques and their ability to print objects from a growing variety of materials such as plastics, metals, ceramics, and more allow developers and manufacturers to speed prototyping, streamline supply chains, and produce complex designs not previously possible. Even so, there are limits to what can be done because the materials are rigid. This article explores if 4D printing, the layer-by-layer manufacturing of parts that can change over time, is the next step.
Recovery of Tractions Exerted by Single Cells in Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Matrices
Authors: Song Dawei , Dong Li , Gupta Mukund , Li Linqing , Klaas Ottmar , Loghin Adrian , Beall Mark , Chen Christopher S. , Oberai Assad A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cell-generated tractions play an important role in various physiological and pathological processes such as stem-cell differentiation, cell migration, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. Traction force microscopy (TFM) is a technique for quantifying cellular tractions during cell–matrix interactions. Most applications of this technique have heretofore assumed that the matrix surrounding the cells is linear elastic and undergoes infinitesimal strains, but recent experiments have shown that the traction-induced strains can be large (e.g., more than 50%). In this paper, we propose a novel three-dimensional (3D) TFM approach that consistently accounts for both the geometric nonlinearity introduced by large strains in the matrix, and the material nonlinearity due to strain-stiffening of the matrix. In particular, we pose the TFM problem as a nonlinear inverse hyperelasticity problem in the stressed configuration of the matrix, with the objective of determining the cellular tractions that are consistent with the measured displacement field in the matrix. We formulate the inverse problem as a constrained minimization problem and develop an efficient adjoint-based minimization procedure to solve it. We first validate our approach using simulated data, and quantify its sensitivity to noise. We then employ the new approach to recover tractions exerted by NIH 3T3 cells fully encapsulated in hydrogel matrices of varying stiffness. We find that neglecting nonlinear effects can induce significant errors in traction reconstructions. We also find that cellular tractions roughly increase with gel stiffness, while the strain energy appears to saturate.
Strain-Based CTOD and J-Integral Estimations for Pipelines With a Surface Crack Under Large Plastic Strain and Internal Pressure
Authors: Jang Youn-Young , Kang Ju-Yeon , Huh Nam-Su , Kim Ik-Joong , Kim Young-Pyo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Engineering solutions for crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD) and J-integral estimations for pipelines with a surface crack are proposed based on parametric finite element (FE) analyses for various geometries, material properties, and internal pressure conditions. Two kinds of CTOD definitions are considered in relation to strain-based estimation solutions for dealing with confusion regarding the definition of CTOD and to extend the applicability of tensile strain capacity (TSC) assessment. Moreover, influence functions of internal pressure are also suggested to take account of the effect of internal pressure on TSC. Using the proposed solutions, TSCs for cracked X65 and X70 pipes were assessed based on initiation and ductile instability. Curved wide plate tests were performed to obtain experimental TSCs, which were compared with those from the proposed solutions. Moreover, TSCs from the proposed solutions were also compared with those from other TSC-predicted models in order to assess their validity.
Fracture Behavior of Cracked Ring Specimen at Different Crack Positions
Authors: Alqahtani Abdulmohsen M. , Albulayhid Thamer K. , Alotaibi Mutlaq N. , Alarifi Ibrahim M. , EL-Bagory Tarek M. A. A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The previous research review of piping systems revealed that the plastic pipe companies suffered from many problems in natural gas pipeline systems. One of the most significant problems that appeared in the piping systems are external cracks due to manufacturing processes, welding technique, and installation processes. The principal goal of the present experimental study is to predict the crack growth behavior and energy release rate of cracked ring specimens made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) under different crack position angles and various crosshead speeds. The effect of loading rate on the external radial crack at different crack position angles plays an important role in the prediction of fracture behavior of plastic pipe materials. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct a study for the fracture analysis of pipe ring specimens under tension loading with double external cracks at constant radial crack length to width ratio equal a/W = 0.5. A precracking machine is designed especially in the present experimental study to simulate the actual radial cracks at outer surface of pipe ring specimens. The effects of crosshead speed and crack position angle revealed a significant effect on the energy release rate and maximum applied load under tensile load.
Effect of Morphology of Nano-Structured Surfaces on Anti-Icing Performance
Authors: Yang Siyan , Hao Tingting , Liu Mucan , Yu Xingtong , Ma Xuehu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Droplets bouncing off cold surfaces before being frozen is one way to achieve anti-icing, in which process superhydrophobic surfaces have been proven to play an important role. By using template-assisted method, three types of copper nanowired superhydrophobic surfaces (NSHSs) with mainly two morphologies (aggregated and upright) are fabricated. CuO nanograssed superhydrophobic surface (SHS) and copper smooth hydrophobic surface (HS) are also fabricated as a comparison. Compared with smooth HS and nanograssed SHS, all NSHSs exhibit better performance in repelling impacting droplet. In detail, on three types of NSHSs with temperatures ranging from 20 °C to −20 °C, impacting droplets can totally rebound. Among the three types, nanowires aggregated most exhibit the best water-repellency performance. The different performances among the five surfaces are due to surface temperature and surface morphology parameters, including micro/nano-size and surface roughness.
<p class="Body"><strong>New species and records of Oppiidae (Acari, Oribatida) from the Montagne d'Ambre National Park (Madagascar)</strong></p>
Authors: Ermilov Sergey G. , Stary Josef 
Published: April 2020

Two new species of oribatid mites of the family Oppiidae collected from leaf litter in Madagascar are described. Ramuselloppia indistincta sp. nov. differs from Ramuselloppia anomala by larger body size, the presence of epimeral tubercles and comparatively long lamellar, interlamellar and notogastral setae and the absence of costulae and heads of bothridial setae. An identification key to known species of Ramuselloppia is provided. Lanceoppia (Baioppia) rugosa sp. nov. differs from all species of the subgenus by heavily rugose posterior part of the notogaster. The genus Ramuselloppia and subgenus Lanceoppia (Baioppia) are recorded in the Ethiopian region for the first time; the species Multioppia (Hammeroppia) wilsoni is recorded in Madagascar for the first time.
A Clinically Relevant Method of Quantifying the Mechanical Properties of RockTape® Kinesiology Tape at Different Elongation Lengths
Authors: Cheatham Scott W. , Baker Russell 
Published: April 2020

Context: Kinesiology tape (KT) is a therapeutic intervention used to treat different musculoskeletal conditions and to enhance sports performance. The evidence is inconclusive, with researchers attributing the variable outcomes to different manufactured KT used in the research. Researchers have begun to measure and document the mechanical properties of different brands, using machines versus professionals. This prevents a clear translation to clinical practice, as it may be difficult to reproduce outcomes. There is a need to measure the mechanical properties of KT using more clinically relevant methodology. Objective: The purpose was to document a clinically relevant method of measuring the mechanical properties of 2 different types of precut RockTape® tape at common elongation lengths and to establish the methodology for future validation research on this testing method. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: One researcher conducted all measurements. Procedures: Each tape was measured at 3 elongation lengths with a force gauge. Main Outcome Measures: Force, stress, and Young modulus. Results: The RockTape® 2 and RockTape® 3 elongation force were 25% = 2.27 (0.21) and 2.12 (0.26) N, 50% = 6.51 (0.27) and 5.93 (0.20) N, and 75% = 30.13 (0.63) and 21.23 (0.41) N. The stress values for the RockTape® 2 and RockTape® 3 were 25% = 0.88 (0.05) and 0.82 (0.03) kPa, 50% = 2.52 (0.03) and 2.29 (0.01) kPa, and 75% = 11.67 (0.04) and 8.23 (0.02) kPa. The Young modulus values for the RockTape® 2 and RockTape® 3 were 25% = 3.51 (0.00) and 3.29 (0.00) kPa, 50% = 5.04 (0.00) and 4.60 (0.00) kPa, and 75% = 15.57 (0.00) and 10.96 (0.00) kPa. Conclusion: This investigation documented a novel method of measuring the mechanical properties of 2 types of RockTape® KT. Future research should attempt to validate these testing methods.
Coding and classifying GP data: the POLAR project
Authors: Pearce Christopher , McLeod Adam , Patrick Jon , Ferrigi Jason , Bainbridge Michael Michael , Rinehart Natalie , Fragkoudi Anna 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundData, particularly ‘big’ data are increasingly being used for research in health. Using data from electronic medical records optimally requires coded data, but not all systems produce coded data.ObjectiveTo design a suitable, accurate method for converting large volumes of narrative diagnoses from Australian general practice records to codify them into SNOMED-CT-AU. Such codification will make them clinically useful for aggregation for population health and research purposes.MethodThe developed method consisted of using natural language processing to automatically code the texts, followed by a manual process to correct codes and subsequent natural language processing re-computation. These steps were repeated for four iterations until 95% of the records were coded. The coded data were then aggregated into classes considered to be useful for population health analytics.ResultsCoding the data effectively covered 95% of the corpus. Problems with the use of SNOMED CT-AU were identified and protocols for creating consistent coding were created. These protocols can be used to guide further development of SNOMED CT-AU (SCT). The coded values will be immensely useful for the development of population health analytics for Australia, and the lessons learnt applicable elsewhere.
Two algorithms for the reorganisation of the problem list by organ system
Authors: Hier Daniel B , Pearson Joshua 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveLong problem lists can be challenging to use. Reorganisation of the problem list by organ system is a strategy for making long problem lists more manageable.MethodsIn a small-town primary care setting, we examined 4950 unique problem lists over 5 years (24 033 total problems and 2170 unique problems) from our electronic health record. All problems were mapped to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) and SNOMED CT codes. We developed two different algorithms for reorganising the problem list by organ system based on either the ICD-10-CM or the SNOMED CT code.ResultsThe mean problem list length was 4.9±4.6 problems. The two reorganisation algorithms allocated problems to one of 15 different categories (12 aligning with organ systems). 26.2% of problems were assigned to a more general category of ‘signs and symptoms’ that did not correspond to a single organ system. The two algorithms were concordant in allocation by organ system for 90% of the unique problems. Since ICD-10-CM is a monohierarchic classification system, problems coded by ICD-10-CM were assigned to a single category. Since SNOMED CT is a polyhierarchical ontology, 19.4% of problems coded by SNOMED CT were assigned to multiple categories.ConclusionReorganisation of the problem list by organ system is feasible using algorithms based on either ICD-10-CM or SNOMED CT codes, and the two algorithms are highly concordant.
Nurses’ perceptions of the clinical information system in primary healthcare centres in Qatar: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Mansoori Monaa Hussain , Benjamin Kathleen , Ngwakongnwi Emmanuel , Al Abdulla Samya 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundQatar is one of the fastest growing countries in the Arabic region. Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) is the main provider of primary health services in Qatar and employs 1600 nurses. In 2014, PHCC started to migrate from paper to electronic documentation of patient records using a clinical information system (CIS). Since implementation, the use of CIS and perception of users have not been assessed.ObjectiveThis study measured nurses’ perceptions regarding the utilisation, quality and user satisfaction with the CIS in PHCC.MethodsUsing a pre-existing survey, a cross-section of nurses from six health centres in Qatar were systematically selected and invited to participate in the study. Eighty-nine surveys were completed (response rate: 98.8%) and descriptive analyses were performed.ResultsNurses’ perceptions regarding the utilisation, quality and user satisfaction with the CIS were positive. Nurses indicated that the CIS is a resource for clear, accurate and up-to-date data and that their performance improved due to the CIS. Yet responses to an open-ended question in the survey revealed some concerns related to the CIS, such as patient confidentiality, system downtime and time constraints.ConclusionEnsuring that the CIS is facilitating nurses’ work is crucial to guarantee high-quality care to the community. The findings provide foundational data to help PHCC to understand nurses’ perceptions and to take steps to overcome challenges that nurses face related to the CIS in their daily practice. This work could also provide direction for future research.