bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying links between instream woody habitat and freshwater fish species in south‐eastern Australia to inform waterway restoration
Authors: Tonkin Zeb , Kitchingman Adrian , Fanson Ben , Lyon Jarod , Ayres Renae , Sharley Joanne , Koster Wayne M. , O'Mahony Justin , Hackett Graeme , Reich Paul , Hale Robin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Removal of instream woody habitat (IWH) is one factor attributed to declines in fish populations worldwide. Restoration of IWH to help fish populations recover is now common; however, quantitative predictions about the outcomes of these interventions is rare. As such, quantitative links between IWH and fish abundance is of interest to managers to inform conservation and restoration activities.
Links between instream habitat attributes, especially IWH, and selected fish species of recreational, cultural, and ecological significance were explored at 335 sites spanning eight streams across south‐eastern Australia. Data were collected on fish abundance and length, IWH density and a range of other habitat attributes at a scale that incorporated at least one of each of the major mesohabitat types (functional river elements). The data were analysed using Bayesian hierarchical generalized linear mixed models to examine fish habitat associations and used to make quantitative predictions of responses to future restoration.
Strong positive relationships were found between fish abundance and IWH density and the strength of this relationship varied between species and waterways. Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii), a species commonly targeted by IWH interventions, displayed the strongest association with IWH density. River blackfish (Gadopsis marmoratus) also showed a significant relationship with IWH, but this effect was waterway specific. Fish length was only related to IWH for river blackfish. These results may reflect differences in the life histories of these two species. We suggest that differences in habitat association through ontogeny may be more relevant at smaller spatial scales.
The results generated in this study can be used to guide waterway restoration and develop quantitative predictions about how fish might respond to IWH interventions across south‐eastern Australia. This approach provides a powerful quantitative framework within which to explore management options and objectives, and to test our predicted responses to habitat restoration.
Amorphous Polyphosphate and Ca‐Carbonate Nanoparticles Improve the Self‐Healing Properties of both Technical and Medical Cements
Authors: Tolba Emad , Wang Xiaohong , Wang Shunfeng , Neufurth Meik , Ackermann Maximilian , Schröder Heinz C. , Müller Werner E. G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCement is used both as a construction material and for medical applications. Previously, it has been shown that the physiological polymer inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is morphogenetically active in regeneration of skin, bone, and cartilage. The present study investigates the question if this polymer is also a suitable additive to improve the self‐healing capacity not only of construction cement but also of inorganic bone void fillers. For the application in the cement, two different polyP‐based amorphous nanoparticles (NP) are prepared, amorphous Ca‐polyP NP and amorphous Ca‐carbonate (ACC) NP. The particles are integrated into poly(methyl methacrylate) in a concentration ratio of 1:10. This material applied onto Portland cement blocks either by brush application or by blow spinning strongly accelerates the self‐healing property of the cement after a 10 day incubation period. Most likely, this process depends on bacteria and their membrane‐associated alkaline phosphatase, resulting in the formation of calcite from ACC. In a second approach, polyP is integrated into a calcium‐silicate‐based cement used in reconstitutive medicine. Subsequently, the cement becomes softer and more elastic. The data show that bioinspired polyP/ACC NP are suitable additives to improve the self‐healing of construction cement and to biologize bone cement.
Multivalent Antibody‐Recruiting Macromolecules: Linking Increased Binding Affinity with Enhanced Innate Immune Killing
Authors: Uvyn Annemiek , De Geest Bruno G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAntibody‐recruiting molecules (ARMs) are a novel class of immunotherapeutics. They are capable of introducing antibodies onto disease‐relevant targets such as cancer cells, bacterial cells or viruses. This can induce antibody‐mediated immune responses such as antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody‐dependent phagocytosis (ADCP), which can kill the pathogen. In contrast to the classic ARMs, multivalent ARMs could offer the advantage of increasing the efficiency of antibody recruitment and subsequent innate immune killing. Such compounds consist of multiple target‐binding termini (TBT) and/or antibody‐binding termini (ABT). Those multivalent interactions are able to convert low binding affinities into increased binding avidities. This minireview summarizes the current status of multivalent ARMs and gives insight into possible benefits, hurdles still to be overcome and future perspectives.
Expanding the Spectrum of Antibiotics Capable of Killing Multidrug‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Lam Anh K. , Panlilio Hannah , Pusavat Jennifer , Wouters Cassandra L. , Moen Erika L. , Brennan Robert E. , Rice Charles V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInfections from antibiotic‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a serious threat because reduced antibiotic efficacy complicates treatment decisions and prolongs the disease state in many patients. To expand the arsenal of treatments against antimicrobial‐resistant (AMR) pathogens, 600‐Da branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) can overcome antibiotic resistance mechanisms and potentiate β‐lactam antibiotics against Gram‐positive bacteria. BPEI binds cell‐wall teichoic acids and disables resistance factors from penicillin binding proteins PBP2a and PBP4. This study describes a new mechanism of action for BPEI potentiation of antibiotics generally regarded as agents effective against Gram‐positive pathogens but not Gram‐negative bacteria. 600‐Da BPEI is able to reduce the barriers to drug influx and facilitate the uptake of a non‐β‐lactam co‐drug, erythromycin, which targets the intracellular machinery. Also, BPEI can suppress production of the cytokine interleukin IL‐8 by human epithelial keratinocytes. This enables BPEI to function as a broad‐spectrum antibiotic potentiator, and expands the opportunities to improve drug design, antibiotic development, and therapeutic approaches against pathogenic bacteria, especially for wound care.
NPC‐0501 trial on the value of changing chemoradiotherapy sequence, replacing 5‐fluorouracil with capecitabine, and altering fractionation for patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lee Anne W. M. , Ngan Roger K. C. , Ng Wai‐Tong , Tung Stewart Y. , Cheng Ashley A. C. , Kwong Dora L. W. , Lu Tai‐Xiang , Chan Anthony T. C. , Sze Henry C. K. , Yiu Harry H. Y. , Wong Frank C. S. , Yuen Kam‐Tong , Chappell Rick , Choi Horace C. W. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundA current recommendation for the treatment of patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is conventional fractionated radiotherapy (RT) with concurrent cisplatin followed by adjuvant cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil (PF). This randomized NPC‐0501 trial evaluated the therapeutic effect of changing to an induction‐concurrent sequence or accelerated‐fractionation sequence, and/or replacing 5‐fluorouracil with capecitabine (X).MethodsPatients with American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer stage III to stage IVB NPC initially were randomly allocated to 1 of 6 treatment arms (6‐arm full‐randomization cohort). The protocol was amended in 2009 to permit centers to opt out of randomization regarding fractionation (3‐arm chemotherapy cohort).ResultsA total of 803 patients were accrued (1 of whom was nonevaluable) from 2006 to 2012. Based on the overall comparisons, neither changing the chemotherapy sequence nor accelerated fractionation improved treatment outcome. However, secondary analyses demonstrated that when adjusted for RT parameters and other significant factors, the induction‐concurrent sequence, especially the induction‐PX regimen, achieved significant improvements in progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival. Efficacy varied among different RT groups: although no impact was observed in the accelerated‐fractionation group and the 3‐arm chemotherapy cohort, a comparison of the induction‐concurrent versus concurrent‐adjuvant sequence in the conventional‐fractionation group demonstrated a significant benefit in PFS (78% vs 62% at 5 years; P = .015) and a marginal benefit in overall survival (84% vs 72%; P = .042) after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Comparison of the induction‐PX versus the adjuvant‐PF regimen demonstrated better PFS (78% vs 62%; P = .027) without an increase in overall late toxicity.ConclusionsFor patients irradiated using conventional fractionation, changing the chemotherapy sequence from a concurrent‐adjuvant to an induction‐concurrent sequence, particularly using induction cisplatin and capecitabine, potentially could improve efficacy without an adverse impact on late toxicity. However, further validation is needed for confirmation of these findings.
Vibrio fischeri: Laboratory Cultivation, Storage, and Common Phenotypic Assays
Authors: Christensen David G. , Visick Karen L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVibrio fischeri is a nonpathogenic organism related to pathogenic Vibrio species that can be readily grown and stored with common laboratory equipment. In this article, protocols for routine growth, storage, and phenotypic assessment of V. fischeri, as well as recipes for useful media, are included. Specifically, this article describes procedures and considerations for growth of this microbe in complex and minimal media. It also describes assays for biofilm formation, motility, and bioluminescence, three commonly assessed phenotypes of V. fischeri. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Growth of V. fischeri from frozen stocksBasic Protocol 2: Growth of V. fischeri in rich, undefined liquid mediumAlternate Protocol 1: Growth of V. fischeri in minimal mediumBasic Protocol 3: Storage of V. fischeri in frozen stocksBasic Protocol 4: Biofilm assay on solid agarAlternate Protocol 2: Biofilm assay in shaking liquid cultureAlternate Protocol 3: Biofilm assay in static liquid cultureBasic Protocol 5: Motility assayBasic Protocol 6: Luminescence assay
Expansion Microscopy for Beginners: Visualizing Microtubules in Expanded Cultured HeLa Cells
Authors: Zhang Chi , Kang Jeong Seuk , Asano Shoh M. , Gao Ruixuan , Boyden Edward S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExpansion microscopy (ExM) is a technique that physically expands preserved cells and tissues before microscope imaging, so that conventional diffraction‐limited microscopes can perform nanoscale‐resolution imaging. In ExM, biomolecules or their markers are linked to a dense, swellable gel network synthesized throughout a specimen. Mechanical homogenization of the sample (e.g., by protease digestion) and the addition of water enable isotropic swelling of the gel, so that the relative positions of biomolecules are preserved. We previously presented ExM protocols for analyzing proteins and RNAs in cells and tissues. Here we describe a cookbook‐style ExM protocol for expanding cultured HeLa cells with immunostained microtubules, aimed to help newcomers familiarize themselves with the experimental setups and skills required to successfully perform ExM. Our aim is to help beginners, or students in a wet‐lab classroom setting, learn all the key steps of ExM. © 2020 The Authors.
Managing diversity through transgender inclusion in developing countries: A collaborative corporate social responsibility initiative from Bangladesh
Authors: Fontana Enrico 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile drawing on a collaborative corporate social responsibility initiative to manage diversity, this article investigates the main drivers of discrimination and the ways to reduce discrimination affecting transgenders in organizations in Bangladesh, a developing country. Often part of the “Hijra” community, transgenders in Bangladesh were acknowledged by the government in 2013 as third gender individuals but remain the most excluded of the excluded and struggle to retain jobs. This research finds that Bangladeshi transgenders at work suffer from internal intimidation because of the gurus or leaders in the community and also from direct and indirect workplace harassment from other workers. Subsequently, it offers a typology of collaborative practices to facilitate inclusion based on persuasion and dialog with gurus, the police, imams, and workers. Finally, this article contributes to the nascent literature on diversity management through transgender inclusion as well as the literature on transgenders and the Hijra community in Bangladesh.
Maternal early life maltreatment and psychopathology affect the next generation: Alterations in post‐awakening cortisol levels of primary school‐aged children
Authors: Hillmann Karen , Neukel Corinne , Zimmermann Johannes , Fuchs Anna , Zietlow Anna‐Lena , Möhler Eva , Herpertz Sabine C. , Kaess Michael , Bertsch Katja 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEarly life maltreatment (ELM) has severe and lasting effects on the individual, which might also impact the next generation. On an endocrine level, the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis has been suggested to play an important role in the interplay between ELM and the development of mental disorders. Several studies have revealed that maternal post‐awakening cortisol concentration, maternal sensitivity, maternal ELM and psychopathology are associated with children's cortisol levels. We investigated the post‐awakening cortisol concentrations in 6‐ to 11‐year‐old children (N = 53) whose mothers either had experienced ELM and had developed a lifetime mental disorder (N = 15 ELM and disorder group), had experienced ELM without developing a mental disorder (N = 12 ELM‐only group), or had neither experienced ELM nor developed a mental disorder (N = 26 HC‐group). Furthermore, we assessed maternal post‐awakening cortisol concentrations, maternal psychopathology, and sensitivity. Multilevel analysis revealed higher cortisol at awakening (S1) levels in children of mothers with ELM and disorder. Maternal cortisol at awakening (S1) also predicted the child's cortisol at awakening (S1), and no effect of maternal sensitivity could be found. The current results replicate an attunement of cortisol levels (S1) between mothers and children and suggest an association between the children's endocrine stress system and maternal factors such as ELM and psychopathology.
Zonation of mangrove flora and fauna in a subtropical estuarine wetland based on surface elevation
Authors: Ma Wei , Wang Wenqing , Tang Chaoyi , Chen Guogui , Wang Mao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the context of sea‐level rise (SLR), an understanding of the spatial distributions of mangrove flora and fauna is required for effective ecosystem management and conservation. These distributions are greatly affected by tidal inundation, and surface elevation is a reliable quantitative indicator of the effects of tidal inundation. Most recent studies have focused exclusively on the quantitative relationships between mangrove‐plant zonation and surface elevation, neglecting mangrove fauna. Here, we measured surface elevation along six transects through the mangrove forests of a subtropical estuarine wetland in Zhenzhu Bay (Guangxi, China), using a real‐time kinematic global positioning system. We identified the mangrove plants along each transect and investigated the spatial distributions of arboreal, epifaunal, and infaunal molluscs, as well as infaunal crabs, using traditional quadrats. Our results indicated that almost all mangrove forests in the bay were distributed within the 400–750 m intertidal zone, between the local mean sea level and mean high water (119 cm above mean sea level). Mangrove plants exhibited obvious zonation patterns, and different species tended to inhabit different niches along the elevation gradient: Aegiceras corniculatum dominated in seaward locations while Lumnitzera racemosa dominated in landward areas. Mangrove molluscs also showed distinct patterns of spatial zonation related to surface elevation, independent of life‐form and season. The spatial distributions of some molluscs were correlated to the relative abundances of certain mangrove plants. In contrast, the spatial distributions of crabs were not related to surface elevation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explicitly quantify the influences of surface elevation on the spatial distributions of mangrove fauna. This characterization of the vertical ranges of various flora and fauna in mangrove forests provides a basic framework for future studies aimed at predicting changes in the structure and functions of mangrove forests in response to SLR.
Effect of mesoporous silica nanoparticles‐based nano‐fragrance on the central nervous system
Authors: Lu Zhiguo , Zhang Tianlu , Yang Jun , Wang Jianze , Shen Jie , Wang Xiangyu , Xiao Zuobing , Niu Yunwei , Liu Guiying , Zhang Xin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFragrances are widely used in our daily lives and can make us feel happy. However, traditional aromatic products release fragrance quickly and have a strong aroma. This not only worsens our scenting experience, but also severely shortens the useful life of fragrance products. In this study, nano‐fragrances based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles with great encapsulation efficiency and slow‐release function were designed and prepared. In addition, this nano‐fragrances are applied to wallpapers. Open field tests showed that this nano‐fragrance had significant stress relief and anti‐depressant effects.
Legacy and Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Tree Swallows Along an Agricultural to Industrial Gradient: Maumee River, Ohio
Authors: Custer Christine M. , Custer Thomas W. , Dummer Paul M. , Schultz Sandra , Tseng Chi Yen , Karouna-Renier Natalie , Matson Cole W. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Exposure to multiple classes of contaminants, both legacy and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), were assessed in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) tissue and diet samples from 6 sites along the Maumee River, Ohio, USA, to understand both exposure and possible effects of exposure to those CECs for which there are little avian data. The 6 sites represented a gradient from intensive agriculture upstream to highly urbanized and industrial landscapes downstream; 1 or 2 remote Wisconsin lakes were assessed for comparative purposes. Cytochrome P450 induction, DNA damage, and thyroid function were also assessed relative to contaminant exposure. Bioaccumulative CECs, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorinated substances, did not follow any upstream to downstream gradient; but both had significantly greater concentrations along the Maumee River than at the remote lake sites. Greater exposure to PBDEs was apparent in swallows at or near wastewater-treatment facilities than at other sites. Total polychlorinated biphenyl and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations were greater in swallows at downstream locations compared to upstream sites and were associated with higher ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity. Few herbicides or nonorganochlorine insecticides were detected in swallow tissues or their food, except for atrazine and its metabolite desethylatrazine. Few pharmaceuticals and personal care products were detected except for DEET and iopamidol. Both were detected in most liver samples but not in eggs, as well as detected at the remote lake sites. This is one of the most comprehensive assessments to date of exposure and effects of a wide variety of CECs in birds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1936–1952. © 2020 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Abstract
Combination of the concentration (ng/g) of multiple chemicals classes, agricultural, industrial, and those associated with wastewater-treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, was sufficient to separate sites in multidimensional space based on adjacent land usages, Maumee River, Ohio, 2016 and 2017.
SPSC: A secure and privacy‐preserving autonomous platoon setup and communication scheme
Authors: Lai Chengzhe , Li Guanjie , Zheng Dong 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe new driving model of autonomous platoon has outlined the blueprint for developing the intelligent transportation of system since it can improve safe driving, alleviate traffic congestion and bring more comfortable experience. Vehicles in the platoon can communicate and share driving data with each other through vehicular network for cooperatively driving. Therefore, it is crucial to avoid some misbehavior vehicles which can eavesdrop or even tamper important data. In this paper, we propose a secure and privacy‐preserving autonomous platoon setup and communication scheme, called SPSC, to help vehicles establish secure communication and avoid private information leakage. Specially, considering the dynamic and temporary characteristics of the autonomous platoon, the autonomous platoon communication can be divided into two scenarios, that is, intra‐platoon communication and inter‐platoon communication. In the intra‐platoon communication, the SPSC can securely set up platoon and dynamically manage the platoon members with privacy preservation by using private set intersection and group key agreement techniques, respectively. In the inter‐platoon communication, the SPSC can also achieve secure and anonymous communication by adopting certificateless ring signcyption technique. In addition, vehicle‐out‐platoon can trace the disputed or misbehavior platoon member with the assistance of Road Transportation Authority. The security analysis shows that SPSC can provide authentication, privacy protection, confidentiality and traceability. Finally, the performance of SPSC is comprehensively evaluated by simulation to demonstrate its efficiency in terms of the computation
cost.
Consortium blockchain‐enabled access control mechanism in edge computing based generic Internet of Things environment
Authors: Saha Sourav , Chattaraj Durbadal , Bera Basudeb , Kumar Das Ashok 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article introduces a new consortium blockchain‐enabled access control scheme in edge computing based generic Internet of Things environment (called CBACS‐EIoT), where the mutual authentication among the IoT smart devices and the gateway node(s), and also among the gateway node(s) and respective edge server(s) occur. In addition, key management phase is executed among the edge server(s) and associated cloud server(s). Using the established secret keys, the entities in the network communicate securely. The data gathered securely by the gateway nodes are then used to form various types of blocks (private, public, or consortium) at the edge server(s) based on application types in the generic IoT environment. The created blocks are mined by the edge servers in order to add them in the blockchain center. A detailed security analysis including the formal security has revealed that the proposed CBACS‐EIoT is robust against various potential attacks needed in the IoT environment. To further strengthen the security, the simulation‐based formal security verification on CBACS‐EIoT has been carried out to exhibit that CBACS‐EIoT is secure against passive and active attacks. Finally, a meticulous comparative performance analysis shows that CBACS‐EIoT offers superior security and supports more functionality features, and also provides less communication and computational overheads compared with existing relevant schemes.