bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marivaux contra la tiranía: la utopía igualitaria de Lîle des esclaves
Authors: Ibeas-Altamira Juan Manuel 
Published: December 2019

Este artículo propone un estudio de "La isla de los esclavos" (1725) de Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux. Este novelista y dramaturgo france´s escribi´numerosas obras analizando las etapas del amor y l fragilidad de los sentimientos y de la pasión amorosa; pero un análisis en profundidad revela una "revolucionaria" ideología. Si hoy endía todo el mundo está de acuerdo en considerar la esclavitud como carente de toda ética, en el siglo XVIII este comercio producía la mitad de las riquezas europeas, por lo que los argumentos de Marivaux no resultaban fáciles de aceptar.

In this article we propose the study of Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux’s “L’île des esclaves” (1725). This French novelist and dramatist wrote numerous comedies analyzing the stages of love and the fragility of feelings and amorous desire; but a further study shows a “revolutionary” ideology. In this retro-chronotope Marivaux attacks slavery and invites us to consider the ethics of our choices and actions. If today slavery is one of the things that everyone agrees is unethical, in the eighteenth century this trade made up about de half of Europe’s income, and Marivaux’s arguments were not so easy to accept
Cet article propose une étude de “L’île des esclaves » de Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux (1725). Ce romancier et dramaturge analysa dans ses œuvres les progrès de l’amour et la fragilité des sentiments et de la passion amoureuse ; mais une étude approfondie nous révèle son idéologie « révolutionnaire ». Dans cette retro-chronotopie Marivaux s’attaque à l’esclavage et nous invite à réfléchir sur l’éthique de nos choix et de nos actions. Si de nos jours le caractère immoral de l’esclavage fait l’unanimité, au XVIIIe siècle les arguments de Marivaux n’étaient pas faciles à accepter, puisque la moitié des richesses de l’Europe avaient leur origine dans la traite négrière.
El diseño web y material didáctico accesible en la enseñanza universitaria
Authors: Jaume Mayol Jaume , Perales Francisco , Negre-Bennasar Francisca , Fontanet Nadal Gabriel 
Published: December 2019

Este artículo pretende dar una visión actualizada de la implantación de los procesos de diseño universal aplicados al diseño web. Para ello se presentan las pautas de accesibilidad actuales y su aplicación en el desarrollo de web accesibles y una valoración de su cumplimiento en un conjunto representativo de universidades públicas. Los resultados que se obtienen indican que el nivel de accesibilidad no cumple los requisitos de la legislación española provocando que los estudiantes universitarios experimentan grandes dificultades para acceder a la información de los espacios virtuales, provocando, en consecuencia, una baja presencia de estudiantes universitarios con discapacidad y, en definitiva, un nivel inferior de ocupación laboral con respecto a la población sin discapacidad.
This document shows a current review of the universal web design appliance. In this sense, a general accessible web design criteria and its usage to create accessible webs are presented. Additionally, an analysis of the accessible web design level in Spanish universities are presented, in order to determine the level of compliance of the legal rules of accessible access to digital resources. Many disabled people has a lot of difficulties to study, caused by low accessible web design levels, and for this reason they have lower possibilities to work than non-disabled people.
Influence of Future Prescribers’ Personal and Clinical Experiences With Opioids on Plans to Treat Patients With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Mort Sophia C. , Díaz Sebastián R. , Miller Charman , Bowlby Melissa , Henderson Deborah , Beverly Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Context
Recreational use of opioids is a growing problem in the United States, particularly in the Midwest. Educators have called for inclusion of pain- and opioid-specific courses in health professional school curricula, yet more research is needed to address future prescribers’ beliefs, experiences, and postgraduate plans related to opioids.

Objective
To examine health professional students’ perceived severity of the opioid crisis and opioid-related beliefs, experiences, and postgraduate plans.

Methods
Using a descriptive, cross-sectional design, researchers evaluated health professional students from 3 academic programs (nurse practitioner [NP], physician assistant [PA], and doctor of osteopathic medicine [DO]) using a 25-item survey that assessed perceived opioid crisis severity and opioid-related beliefs, experiences, and postgraduate plans. Demographics of respondents were assessed using descriptive statistics and frequencies. Responses were compared between academic programs with 1-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis tests, and relationships between students’ experiences and postgraduate plans were assessed.

Results
A total of 491 students (mean [SD] age, 27.2 [5.4] years; 62.7% female; 68.2% DO students) participated in the survey (response rate, 40.4%). The opioid crisis was perceived to be severely impacting the health care system (mean [SD] score, 79.7 [16.8] out of 100), and most respondents (415 [84.5%]) reported that opioid use affected their communities. Clinical experience varied by program, with NP students (75 [81.5%]) reporting the most experience treating acute overdose. Most respondents (317 [64.6%]) agreed that their postgraduate practice would involve caring for patients addicted to opioids; however, only 232 students (47.3%) felt confident in their ability to treat patients with addiction. Experiences managing acute overdose and handling drug-seeking behavior were positively associated with a belief that postgraduate work would involve working with patients with addiction (U=38,275.5, Z=5.92, P<.001; U=25,346.0, Z=4.94, P<.001) and confidence in treating patients with opioid addictions (U=36,806.5, Z=4.96, P<.001; U=23,765.5, Z=3.66, P<.001).

Conclusion
Although health professional students had similar beliefs and perceptions regarding the opioid crisis, there were notable differences between academic programs. Students with clinical opioid experiences were more likely to plan on working with patients addicted to opioids and be confident in treating these patients. Thus, the inclusion of experiential learning in the medical curricula may be beneficial for both students and their future patients.
Who Uses Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment? A Prospective, Observational Study Conducted by DO-Touch.NET
Authors: Johnson Jane C. , Degenhardt Brian F. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Context
Information about the characteristics of patients who use osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is limited.

Objective
To determine the scope of conditions being managed with OMT and describe the characteristics of patients who receive OMT.

Methods
Researchers conducted a longitudinal, observational study on the use and effectiveness of OMT at 17 clinics where clinicians (ie, osteopathic and allopathic physicians and Canadian-trained osteopaths) provided OMT. Adult patients receiving OMT completed questionnaires immediately before, immediately after, and daily for 7 days after treatment. Data collected from patients included demographic information, chief complaint(s) and their severity, and health-related quality of life. Physical examination findings, treatment, and medical diagnosis documentation were extracted from medical records. Census data were used to assess whether patients were representative of the population of the county where the clinic was located.

Results
Data were collected from 927 patients at 1924 office visits. A majority of patients were women (690 [75%]), white (854 [96%]), and not Hispanic or Latinx (707 [95%]). The mean (SD) age was 51.9 (15.9) years. When compared with census data, the sample had higher percentages of women, people aged 65 years and older, people who identified as white, people who were high school and college graduates, and people with higher household incomes than that of the county population. The most common chief complaints from patients were pain or discomfort in the lower back (311 [34%]) and neck (277 [30%]), which corresponded with the most common medical diagnoses. Patients reported that OMT, surgery, and medications were the most helpful treatments they had used previously for their chief complaint(s). Before receiving OMT, patients’ health-related quality of life was significantly worse (P≤.05) than that of the general US population.

Conclusions
Adult patients receiving OMT are being treated primarily for musculoskeletal pain conditions, are not representative of the population of the county where the clinic was located, and have worse health-related quality of life than that of the general population. Information about the characteristics of patients who use OMT is important for defining osteopathic distinctiveness and identifying potential areas for increasing the use of OMT. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02395965)
Do Practices such as Dowry and Bride Prices Relate to Violence Among Migrants in OECD countries?
Authors: Yuol Anyier Deng 
Published: December 2019

This systematic review aims to make a significant contribution to knowledge on dowry and bride price practices in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, with a focus on Sudan, Zimbabwe and India. While, existing research evidences the ongoing prevalence of dowry and bride price among some migrant communities, there remains substantial gaps in research. The protocol is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. It highlights the scope and methodology for the systematic review to be conducted. Studies will be included if they: (i) were conducted in English; (ii) if they were published between December 1993 and December 2019 because this is the period the dowry-related violence was included into the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women (iii) used qualitative, quantitative methods or mixed methods; were peer reviewed or grey literature; and (iv) covered analysed dowry and bride price practices and its impact among migrant communities in the OECD countries. Data extraction will be informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Review for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. The quality of evidence of the studies included will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for qualitative and quantitative studies, the Authority, Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity, Date, Significance (AACODS) tool for grey literature and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) tool for mixed methods studies. Kappa statistics agreement will be used as an additional step to ensure quality ratings are fair and valid. The findings will be summarised into themes and narrated.
Effects of Different Rates of Cattle Manure on Growth, Yield and Quality of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in a Sub-tropical Environment of Eswatini (Swaziland)
Authors: Mabuza Tandzisile Z. , Masarirambi Michael T. , Nxumalo Kwanele A. , Wahome Paul K. 
Published: December 2019

Green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important vegetable in the Kingdom of Eswatini. However, there is rare information on pepper production using cattle manure. The experiment was conducted at the University of Swaziland, Luyengo Campus, in the Horticulture Department Lath-house to determine the effects of different rates of cattle manure on the growth and yield of green pepper in order to come up with a suitable application rate for green pepper. Cattle manure was applied at different rates of 20, 40, 60 and 80 tons/ha in a Randomized Complete Block Design, while 2:3:2 which was used as a control was applied at 150 kg/ha. For every increase in the application level/rate of the cattle manure, there was a considerable increase in the growth parameters that were measured. Results obtained from this experiment indicate that applying cattle manure at 80 tons/ha gave relatively higher yields. This cattle manure rate can be used by farmers in green pepper production.
The Experimentally Determined Velocity of Catalysis could be Higher in the Absence of Sequestration
Authors: Udema Ikechukwu I. , Olalere Onigbinde Abraham 
Published: December 2019

Background: It is not unusual to observe calculated “total” free enzyme ([E]) in enzyme catalysed reaction, but this should include total enzyme-substrate complex ([EST]) which accounts for sequestration.
Objectives: 1) To show indirectly that the velocities of catalytic action can be higher than experimentally observed velocities without sequestration and 2) redefine the relationship between velocity of hydrolysis with Michaelian enzyme and [E], where concentration of substrate, [ST] < Michaelis-Menten constant, KM.
Methods: A theoretical research and experimentation using Bernfeld method to determine velocities of amylolysis with which to mathematically calculate [EST] and the enzyme-substrate complex ([ES]) prepared for product, P, formation.
Results: The [EST] is < [E]; [EST] and pseudo-first order constant, k decreased with increasing [ST] and increased with increasing concentration of enzyme [ET] while velocity amylolysis, v and maximum velocity of amylolysis, vmax expectedly increased with increasing [ET] and [ST].
Conclusion: The fact is that the [EST] is lower than what is usually referred to as free enzyme ([ET] - [ES]). Therefore, if the additional part of [EST] dissociated into product within the duration of assay, the velocity of amylolysis could be higher. The most important outcome and corollary when [KM] > [ST] is that v a 1/[E], v a [E][ST] and a quadratic relationship exists between pseudo-first order rate constant and maximum velocity of amylolysis; separately, v is not a [E] and if v a [ST] (if v/[ST] is constant with coefficient of determination = 1), then KM is not applicable.
Endothelin‐converting enzyme‐1c promotes stem cell traits and aggressiveness in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Pérez‐Moreno Pablo , Indo Sebastián , Niechi Ignacio , Huerta Hernán , Cabello Pablo , Jara Lilian , Aguayo Francisco , Varas‐Godoy Manuel , Burzio Verónica A. , Tapia Julio C. 
Published: December 2019

Endothelin‐1 is a mitogenic peptide that activates several proliferation, survival, and invasiveness pathways. The effects of endothelin‐1 rely on its activation by endothelin‐converting enzyme‐1 (ECE1), which is expressed as four isoforms with different cytoplasmic N termini. Recently, isoform ECE1c has been suggested to have a role in cancer aggressiveness. The N terminus of ECE1c is phosphorylated by protein kinase CK2 (also known as casein kinase 2), and this enhances its stability and promotes invasiveness in colorectal cancer cells. However, it is not known how phosphorylation improves stability and why this is correlated with increased aggressiveness. We hypothesized that CK2 phosphorylation protects ECE1c from N‐terminal ubiquitination and, consequently, from proteasomal degradation. Here, we show that lysine 6 is the bona fide residue involved in ubiquitination of ECE1c and its mutation to arginine (ECE1cK6R) significantly impairs proteasomal degradation, thereby augmenting ECE1c stability, even in the presence of the CK2 inhibitor silmitasertib. Furthermore, colorectal cancer cells overexpressing ECE1cK6R displayed enhanced cancer stem cell (CSC) traits, including increased stemness gene expression, chemoresistance, self‐renewal, and colony formation and spheroid formation in vitro, as well as enhanced tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. These findings suggest that CK2‐dependent phosphorylation enhances ECE1c stability, promoting an increase in CSC‐like traits. Therefore, phospho‐ECE1c may be a biomarker of poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
Dexamethasone promotes mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis and inhibits osteogenesis by disrupting mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: Ma Liang , Feng Xiaobo , Wang Kun , Song Yu , Luo Rongjin , Yang Cao 
Published: December 2019

Long‐term or heavy use of glucocorticoids can cause severe necrosis of the femoral head, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Recent studies have found that mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in femoral head necrosis. Here, we investigated the effect of dexamethasone on the mitochondrial function of mesenchymal stem cells. We observed that high concentrations of dexamethasone (10−6 mol·L−1) decreased cell activity, promoted apoptosis, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and disrupted mitochondrial dynamics. Furthermore, dexamethasone (10−6 mol·L−1) inhibited osteogenesis of stem cells and promoted adipogenesis. These findings may facilitate greater understanding of the adverse effects of dexamethasone on the femoral head.
Tuning of Smart Multifunctional Polymer Coatings Made by Zwitterionic Phosphorylcholines
Authors: Münch Alexander S. , Adam Stefan , Fritzsche Tina , Uhlmann Petra 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the last years, the generation of multifunctional coatings has been moved into the focus of interface modifications to expand the spectrum of material applications and to introduce new smart properties. Herein a promising multifunctional and universally usable coating with simultaneous antifouling, easy‐to‐clean, and anti‐fog functionality is presented based on smart polymer films consisting of copolymers with 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), realizing the function of the film and photoreactive 4‐benzophenyl methacrylate (BPO), which is responsible for stability and crosslinking. The easy‐to‐clean effect is demonstrated qualitatively and quantitatively by oil droplet detachment experiments. The antifouling behavior against different germs is investigated by cell adhesion experiments. Furthermore the anti‐fog performance is shown by breathing on the surfaces. To study the influence of the different amounts of copolymerized BPO, the grafted films are characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), as well as contact angle measurements. In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry is performed to investigate the swelling behavior of the thin films as a function of the time of UV‐irradiation. It is found that a degree of swelling of 15 and a water contact angle of less than 12° are the key parameters necessary for the generation of multifunctional coatings.
High‐Efficiency Thermoelectric Power Generation Enabled by Homogeneous Incorporation of MXene in (Bi,Sb)2Te3 Matrix
Authors: Lu Xiaofang , Zhang Qihao , Liao Jincheng , Chen Hongyi , Fan Yuchi , Xing Juanjuan , Gu Shijia , Huang Jilong , Ma Jiaxin , Wang Jiancheng , Wang Lianjun , Jiang Wan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe (Bi,Sb)2Te3 (BST) compounds have long been considered as the benchmark of thermoelectric (TE) materials near room temperature especially for refrigeration. However, their unsatisfactory TE performances in wide‐temperature range severely restrict the large‐scale applications for power generation. Here, using a self‐assembly protocol to deliver a homogeneous dispersion of 2D inclusion in matrix, the first evidence is shown that incorporation of MXene (Ti3C2Tx) into BST can simultaneously achieve the improved power factor and greatly reduced thermal conductivity. The oxygen‐terminated Ti3C2Tx with proper work function leads to highly increased electrical conductivity via hole injection and retained Seebeck coefficient due to the energy barrier scattering. Meanwhile, the alignment of Ti3C2Tx with the layered structure significantly suppresses the phonon transport, resulting in higher interfacial thermal resistance. Accordingly, a peak ZT of up to 1.3 and an average ZT value of 1.23 from 300 to 475 K are realized for the 1 vol% Ti3C2Tx/BST composite. Combined with the high‐performance composite and rational device design, a record‐high thermoelectric conversion efficiency of up to 7.8% is obtained under a temperature gradient of 237 K. These findings provide a robust and scalable protocol to incorporate MXene as a versatile 2D inclusion for improving the overall performance of TE materials toward high energy‐conversion efficiency.
Semen cryopreservation in golden‐headed lion tamarin,Leontopithecus chrysomelas
Authors: Arakaki Paloma Rocha , Salgado Paula Andrea Borges , Losano João Diego de Agostini , Gonçalves Débora Rodrigues , Valle Rodrigo del Rio do , Pereira Ricardo José Garcia , Nichi Marcilio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWild animal genetic resource banking (GRB) represents a valuable tool in conservation breeding programs, particularly in cases involving endangered species such as the golden‐headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). Thus, we aimed to assess a sperm freezing protocol for golden‐headed lion tamarins using two different exenders: BotuBOV® (BB) and Test Yolk Buffer® (TYB). Ejaculates were collected by penile vibrostimulation from animals housed at São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil, and after immediate analysis, two aliquots were diluted in BB and TYB. Postthawing samples were evaluated for total and progressive motility, plasma membrane and acrosome integrities, mitochondrial activity, susceptibility to oxidative stress, and sperm–egg‐binding. No differences between BB and TYB were found for most seminal parameters, except for acrosome integrity and susceptibility to oxidative stress (in both cases BB showed higher values). However, in spite of these differences and regardless of the extender used, postthaw sperm motility and viability with the described protocol were encouraging (on average >50% and >80%, respectively), indicating that sperm cryopreservation may be a short‐term measure for the conservation of golden‐headed lion tamarins.
Indigenous family life in Australia: A history of difference and deficit
Authors: Dunstan Laura , Hewitt Belinda , Nakata Sana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIndigenous family life has been a key target of family and child policies in Australia since colonisation. In this paper, we identify four main policy eras that have shaped the national and state policy frameworks that have impacted Indigenous families: the protectionism, assimilation, self‐determination and neoliberalism eras. Our analysis of these national and state policy frameworks reveals an enduring and negative conceptualisation of Indigenous family life. This conceptualisation continues to position Indigenous families as deficient and dysfunctional compared with a white, Anglo‐Australian family ideal. This contributes to the reproduction of paternalistic policy settings and the racialised hierarchies within them that entrench Indigenous disempowerment and reproduce Indigenous disadvantage. Further, it maintains a deficit paradigm that continues to obfuscate the positive aspects of Indigenous family life that are protective of Indigenous well‐being.