bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insolation and Glacial Meltwater Influence on Sea‐Ice and Circulation Variability in the Northeastern Labrador Sea During the Last Glacial Period
Authors: Griem Lisa , Voelker Antje H. L. , Berben Sarah M. P. , Dokken Trond M. , Jansen Eystein 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe variable amounts of ice rafted debris (IRD) and foraminifers in North Atlantic sediments are related to the abrupt, millennial‐scale alteration from Greenland stadials to interstadials during the last glacial period and indicate past ice sheet instabilities, changes in sea‐ice cover and productivity. In the Norwegian Sea, Greenland stadials were likely characterized by an extensive, near‐perennial sea‐ice cover whereas Greenland interstadials were seasonally ice‐free. The variability in other areas, such as the Labrador Sea, remains, however, obscure. We therefore investigated deep‐sea sediment core GS16‐204‐22CC retrieved south of Greenland. Using a multiproxy approach, we distinguish two sediment regimes and hence different environmental conditions between ca. 65 and 25 ka b2k. Regime 1 (~65‐49 ka b2k) is characterized by the dominance of planktic foraminifers in the sediments. During late MIS4 and early MIS3, the site was covered by near‐perennial sea‐ice with occasional periods of iceberg discharge. During the younger part of regime 1 the northeastern Labrador Sea was seasonally ice‐free with hardly any icebergs melting near the site and long‐term environmental conditions were less variable. Regime 2 (~49‐25 ka b2k) is characterized by pronounced stadial‐interstadial variability of foraminifer and IRD fluxes, suggesting an extensive sea‐ice cover during most Greenland stadials and seasonally ice‐free conditions during most Greenland interstadials. During MIS2 environmental conditions were very similar to those of the younger part of regime 1. While all Heinrich (H) related Greenland stadials are marked by depleted oxygen isotope values at our core site, only H4 and H3 are associated with pronounced IRD peaks.
CO2 Release From Pockmarks on the Chatham Rise‐Bounty Trough at the Glacial Termination
Authors: Stott Lowell , Davy Bryan , Shao Jun , Coffin Richard , Pecher Ingo , Neil Helen , Rose Paula , Bialas Joerg 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSeafloor pockmarks of varying size occur over an area of 50,000 km2 on the Chatham Rise, Canterbury Shelf and Inner Bounty Trough, New Zealand. The pockmarks are concentrated above the flat‐subducted Hikurangi Plateau. Echosounder data identify recurrent episodes of pockmark formation at ~100,000‐year frequency coinciding with Pleistocene glacial terminations. Here we show that there are structural conduits beneath the larger pockmarks through which fluids flowed upward toward the seafloor. Large negative Δ14C excursions are documented in marine sediments deposited next to these subseafloor conduits and pockmarks at the last glacial termination. Modern pore waters contain no methane, and there is no negative δ13C excursion at the glacial termination that would be indicative of methane or mantle‐derived carbon at the time the Δ14C excursion and pockmarks were produced. An ocean general circulation model equipped with isotope tracers is unable to simulate these large Δ14C excursions on the Chatham Rise by transport of hydrothermal carbon released from the East Pacific Rise as previous studies suggested. Here we attribute the Δ14C anomalies and pockmarks to release of 14C‐dead CO2 and carbon‐rich fluids from subsurface reservoirs, the most likely being dissociated Mesozoic carbonates that subducted beneath the Rise during the Late Cretaceous. Because of the large number of pockmarks and duration of the Δ14C anomaly, the pockmarks may collectively represent an important source of 14C‐dead carbon to the ocean during glacial terminations.
Late Pleistocene‐Holocene Slip Rate Along the Hasi Shan Restraining Bend of the Haiyuan Fault: Implication for Faulting Dynamics of a Complex Fault System
Authors: Matrau R. , Klinger Y. , Van der Woerd J. , Liu‐Zeng J. , Li Z. , Xu X. , Zheng R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Haiyuan fault is a major left‐lateral strike‐slip fault at the boundary between northeast Tibet and the Gobi platform. Combining measurements of offset alluvial terraces with 10Be‐26Al cosmogenic radionuclides dating, we bracket the late Quaternary slip rate along the Hasi Shan fault section (37°00′N, 104°25′E) of the Haiyuan fault. At our reference site, terrace‐riser offsets for five successive terraces range from ~5 to ~200 m, and associated cosmogenic radionuclide ages range from 9 ± 3 to 44 ± 7 kyr. These measurements yield a geological slip rate between 2.7 and 3.0 mm/year. Extending the offset measurements to the entire Hasi Shan front, it yields a slip rate of 3.2 ± 0.2 mm/year over the last ~50 kyr. Our rate is consistent with the lower estimates of other long‐term rates of 4 to 5 mm/year, as well as with geodetic rates of 3 to 5 mm/year, determined in the same area. About 150 km farther west, however, Holocene terraces and moraines offsets have suggested higher slip rate values, between 6 and 15 mm/year. We interpret such discrepancy between rates determined along the western section of the Haiyuan fault and rates determined in the Hasi Shan section as being related to the complex geometry of the Haiyuan fault system along its eastern part, with several active strands moving at the same time and resulting in distributed slip among several sections of the fault system.
The Decollement Depth of Active Thrust Faults in Italy: Implications on Potential Earthquake Magnitude
Authors: Petricca P. , Carminati E. , Doglioni C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThrust fault ruptures during earthquakes do not often propagate down to the brittle‐ductile transition. Lithological variations control the behavior and depth of regional basal thrusts and decollement planes. Thrust fronts may be discontinuous along strike, limiting the dimension of single coseismic ruptures. These factors control the maximum expected magnitude in one region. This is the case of Italy where the convergence of few millimeter per year in the Apennines accretionary prism and along the retrobelt of the Alps generates compressional earthquakes with moderate to strong magnitudes. Here, using geological and geophysical data, we first compile a map of the undulated active basal thrust decollement for Italy that occurs from 1 to 17‐km depth. Then, we verify the relationship between the length of seismogenic ruptures in thrust faults (Lf) and the maximum depth of thrust faulting (zmax) of related earthquakes and find that their ratio (Lf/zmax) ranges between 2 and 4. Finally, we compute the potential seismogenic volume and estimate the maximum magnitude using an empirical relationship that multiplies the decollement depth and the Lf/zmaxratio. Maximum calculated magnitude is 6.7 ± 0.37 (depending on Lf/zmaxand fault dip angle), consistent with the largest magnitude of thrust‐related earthquakes recorded in Italy (6.5–7.0). Lower magnitudes are predicted in the Ionian Seas at the external front of the Apennines where smaller crustal volumes are involved, whereas higher magnitudes are expected in the southern Po Basin, the western Adriatic Sea, Sicily offshore, and the Southern Alps where the decollement is deeper and the brittle volumes are far greater.
Terrane Boundary Reactivation, Barriers to Lateral Fault Propagation and Reactivated Fabrics: Rifting Across the Median Batholith Zone, Great South Basin, New Zealand
Authors: Phillips Thomas B. , McCaffrey Ken J. W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProminent preexisting structural heterogeneities within the lithosphere may localize or partition deformation during tectonic events. The NE‐trending Great South Basin, offshore New Zealand, formed perpendicular to a series of underlying crustal terranes, including the dominantly granitic Median Batholith Zone, which along with the boundaries between individual terranes exert a strong control on rift physiography and kinematics. We find that the crustal‐to‐lithospheric scale southern terrane boundary of the Median Batholith Zone is associated with a crustal‐scale shear zone that was reactivated during Late Cretaceous extension between Zealandia and Australia. This reactivated terrane boundary is oriented at a high angle to the faults defining the Great South Basin. We identify a large granitic laccolith along the southern margin of the Median Batholith, expressed as subhorizontal packages of reflectivity and acoustically transparent areas on seismic reflection data. The presence of this strong granitic body inhibits the lateral southwestward propagation of NE‐trending faults, which segment into a series of splays that rotate to align along the margin as they approach. Further, we also identify two E‐W‐ and NE‐SW‐oriented basement fabrics, likely corresponding to prominent foliations, which are exploited by small‐scale faults across the basin. We show that different mechanisms of structural inheritance are able to operate simultaneously, and somewhat independently, within rift systems at different scales of observation. The presence of structural heterogeneities across all scales needs to be incorporated into our understanding of the structural evolution of complex rift systems.
Readdressing the UV solar variability with SATIRE-S: non-LTE effects
Authors: Tagirov R. V. , Shapiro A. I. , Krivova N. A. , Unruh Y. C. , Yeo K. L. , Solanki S. K. 
Published: October 2019

Context. Solar spectral irradiance (SSI) variability is one of the key inputs to models of the Earth’s climate. Understanding solar irradiance fluctuations also helps to place the Sun among other stars in terms of their brightness variability patterns and to set detectability limits for terrestrial exoplanets.
Aims. One of the most successful and widely used models of solar irradiance variability is Spectral And Total Irradiance REconstruction model (SATIRE-S). It uses spectra of the magnetic features and surrounding quiet Sun that are computed with the ATLAS9 spectral synthesis code under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). SATIRE-S has been at the forefront of solar variability modelling, but due to the limitations of the LTE approximation its output SSI has to be empirically corrected below 300 nm, which reduces the physical consistency of its results. This shortcoming is addressed in the present paper.
Methods. We replaced the ATLAS9 spectra of all atmospheric components in SATIRE-S with spectra that were calculated using the Non-LTE Spectral SYnthesis (NESSY) code. To compute the spectrum of the quiet Sun and faculae, we used the temperature and density stratification models of the FAL set.
Results. We computed non-LTE contrasts of spots and faculae and combined them with the corresponding fractional disc coverages, or filling factors, to calculate the total and spectral irradiance variability during solar cycle 24. The filling factors have been derived from solar full-disc magnetograms and continuum images recorded by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO/HMI).
Conclusions. The non-LTE contrasts yield total and spectral solar irradiance variations that are in good agreement with empirically corrected LTE irradiance calculations. This shows that the empirical correction applied to the SATIRE-S total and spectral solar irradiance is consistent with results from non-LTE computations.
Magnetic properties of the protostellar core IRAS 15398-3359
Authors: Redaelli E. , Alves F. O. , Santos F. P. , Caselli P. 
Published: October 2019

Context. Magnetic fields can significantly affect the star formation process. The theory of the magnetically driven collapse in a uniform field predicts that the contraction initially happens along the field lines. When the gravitational pull grows strong enough, the magnetic field lines pinch inwards, giving rise to a characteristic hourglass shape.
Aims. We investigate the magnetic field structure of a young Class 0 object, IRAS 15398-3359, embedded in the Lupus I cloud. Previous observations at large scales have suggested that this source evolved in an highly magnetised environment. This object thus appears to be an ideal candidate to study the magnetically driven core collapse in the low-mass regime.
Methods. We performed polarisation observations of IRAS 15398-3359 at 214 μm using the SOFIA telescope, thus tracing the linearly polarised thermal emission of cold dust.
Results. Our data unveil a significant bend of the magnetic field lines from the gravitational pull. The magnetic field appears ordered and aligned with the large-scale B-field of the cloud and with the outflow direction. We estimate a magnetic field strength of B = 78 μG, which is expected to be accurate within a factor of two. The measured mass-to-flux parameter is λ = 0.95, indicating that the core is in a transcritical regime.
The infrared bands of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the 1.6–1.7 μm wavelength region
Authors: Chen Tao , Luo Yi , Li Aigen 
Published: October 2019

Context. The 3.3 μm aromatic C–H stretching band of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules seen in a wide variety of astrophysical regions is often accompanied by a series of weak satellite bands at ∼3.4–3.6 μm. One of these sources, IRAS 21282+5050, a planetary nebula, also exhibits a weak band at ∼1.68 μm. While the satellite features at ∼3.4–3.6 μm are often attributed to the anharmonicities of PAHs, it is not clear whether overtones or combination bands dominate the 1.68 μm feature.
Aims. In this work, we examine the anharmonic spectra of eight PAH molecules, including anthracene, tetracene, pentacene, phenanthrene, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene, pyrene, and perylene, to explore the origin of the infrared bands in the 1.6–1.7 μm wavelength region.
Methods. Density functional theory (DFT) in combination with the vibrational second-order perturbation theory (VPT2) was used to compute the anharmonic spectra of PAHs. To simulate the vibrational excitation process of PAHs, the Wang–Landau random walk technique was employed.
Results. All the dominant bands in the 1.6–1.7 μm wavelength range and in the 3.1–3.5 μm C–H stretching region are calculated and tabulated. It is demonstrated that combination bands dominate the 1.6–1.7 μm region, while overtones are rare and weak in this region. We also calculate the intensity ratios of the 3.1–3.5 μm C–H stretching features to the bands in the 1.6–1.7 μm region, I3.1 − 3.5/I1.6 − 1.7, for both ground and vibrationally excited states. On average, we obtain ⟨I3.1 − 3.5/I1.6 − 1.7⟩≈12.6 and ⟨I3.1 − 3.5/I1.6 − 1.7⟩≈17.6 for PAHs at ground states and at vibrationally excited states, respectively.
Different Kinds of Methods and Materials for Determination of Bisphenol A in Urine and In Water
Authors: Shi Yanpeng , Shan Xiaoyue , Shao Ji , Ye Haipeng , Tan Siwei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA; 4,4’-(propane-2,2-diyl) diphenol) is a very important chemical raw material, but which is damaged to human beings and animals. Then, enrichment and detection of BPA in urine and water is particularly important. This paper summarized and compared the difference kinds of methods and materials for determination of Bisphenol A in human urine and water.
Lift/Drag Characteristics of Different Ice Accretion Airfoil
Authors: Feng Yupeng , Zhang Bin , Chen Bin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Aircraft icing has influence on the preliminary safety and performance evaluation of airplane. In this paper, based on different ice shapes (none, rime, mixed), the aerodynamic models of airfoil are established to analyze. Various lift/drag characteristics are obtained by numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) under different icing conditions. Navier-Stokes (N-S) equation and Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) turbulence model are adopted. The results show: 1. It’s obvious that lift-drag characteristics are different under various ice shapes. The lift coefficient (α=0° ∼7°): CL none>CL rime>CL mixed, the drag coefficient (α=0° ∼7°): CD none<CD rime<CD mixed. 2. At the same angle of attack (α=6°), lift/drag characteristics in the condition of different ice shapes are different. The pressure gradient at the leading edge is ▽p none>Vp rime>▽p mixed, which has important effect on the speed of airstream flow and the flow separation at the front zone of airfoil.
Effects of K+, Na+, Mg2 And B4O72- Coexistence Impurities on Crystalline Characteristics of Lithium Carbonate
Authors: Ma Yanfang , Zhang Zhihong , Li Kanshe , Pang Dengke 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Crystallization of lithium carbonate was performed in the presence of mixture analogous to those of Salt Lakes. Lithium carbonate exists in a crystalline system of containing K+, Na+, Mg2+ and B4O7
2- impurities and the solubility decreases with the composition of impurities increases. In addition, effects of impurity composition on Li2CO3 crystal morphology, crystal size and purity were also thoroughly examined.
Stability of CIS (001) Surface: First-Principles Study
Authors: Guo Yu , Liu Ying , Zhao Lili , Yang Rui 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the stability of CIS (001) surface is studied through first-principles calculations. It is revealed that, different atom-terminated surface models have different formation energy. For many possible structural patterns, the stability of CIS (001) surface are also become more complicated.
The Atomic Structure of Polar Cuinse2 (001) Surface
Authors: Guo Yu , Liu Chunmei , Wang Junling , He Zhenni , Wang Yang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Through the first-principles calculations, we studied the atomic structure of polar CuInSe2 (001) surface. It is revealed that polar CuInSe2 (001) surface has different atomic structure for different atom-terminated surface models. Before and after relaxation, the atomic structure of different atom-terminated surface models is various. Bond lengthens are also changed.
Progress in Preparation of Cr2O3 Hollow Micro/Nano-Sphere
Authors: Luo Qiuyi , Zhou Shen , Cheng Haifeng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The preparation methods of Cr2O3 hollow micro/nano-sphere are summarized. The preparation methods are mainly divided into hard template method, soft template method and template-free method. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods are introduced and discussed. At the same time, the preparation methods of Cr2O3 hollow micro/nano-spheres are prospected
Experimental study on friction stir spot welding of 5A06 aluminum alloy
Authors: Liu Jianmin , Sun Qian , Zhou Hong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, 5A06 aluminum alloy was filled with friction stir spot welding. Mechanical properties and metallographic tests were carried out on the welded joint. By observing the microstructure of the weld, the effects of different welding parameters on the mechanical properties and cross section formation of the filler friction stir spot welded joint were analyzed. The results show that the welding time has the greatest influence on the shear resistance and tensile properties of the friction spot welding joint, and the increase of the rotation speed of the spot welding tool will enhance the tensile properties of the joint.
Classification of Subjective Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease Through Resting-State Hemodynamic Response Function
Authors: Zhang Yong , Tang Xiaoying , Zhang Yihe , Zeng Xiaotian , Dong Guozhao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
As a super-early stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there is no unified structural change in imaging nor significant difference in assessments in the Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD), lack of effective clinical diagnosis. The hemodynamic response function (HRF), as the basis of functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI), represents the tendency of specific cortex voxel over time after specific stimulation, reflecting the sensitivity and activation of neurons. We equalize the spontaneous dynamic change of the cerebral cortex in resting state to equivalent stimulation for activation, extend the application of HRF. The possible lesion is selected through priori knowledge both academically and clinically. The parameters of HRF: peak, time to peak and FWHM were extracted as the basis for classification via support vector machine (SVM). The SCD group was found deactivation in specific frontal, hippocampus, inferior temporal and occipital regions especially. The classification accuracy between the healthy controls (HC) can reach 74%, which could be great referable in clinical pre-diagnosis. It highlights the possible ROI for SCD stage, provides new methods and research materials for pre-diagnosis of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease as a typical brain-related disease.
The Research of General Reaction: Synthesis of Erythromycin Derivatives Impurities about N-demonomethyl Compounds
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Yao Guowei , Rongji Dai S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Erythromycin derivatives have been used as antibacterial drugs in clinic for many years. As lacking of relevant impurities, those drugs quality control are limited. So, we carried out a research of general reaction: synthesis of 3 “- N-demonomethyl - Erythromycin, 3 “- N-demonomethyl - Clarithromycin, 3 “- N- demonomethyl - Roxithromycin and 3 “- N-demonomethyl- Azithromycin by using Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Roxithromycin and Azithromycin as the raw material respectively. Using 1HNMR, 13CNMR and MS identified those impurities structures. Our methods have many advantages: raw materials cheap, getting easily, safely and stability, high yield and good purity, and it also can use for quality control of Erythromycin derivatives and new drug development based on 3“-N-demonomenthyl macrolide compounds.
Copolymerization of P-Hydroxybenzoic Acid and Poly (Butylene Succinate): Effect of Catalysts
Authors: Bian Angting , Yang Fan , Liu Jiuhua , Wang Yanping 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

P-Hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) were chosen to synthesize aromatic/aliphatic copolyester HBA/PBS. The effect of catalyst on the structure and properties of copolymers was studied. It is shown that HBA can have transesterification reaction with PBS and some HBA was easy to self-polymerize to form insoluble and infusible homopolyester. Tetrabutyl titanate is more effective than zinc acetate as catalyst. The reaction time has a certain impact on the polymerization reaction. The longer reaction time was, the more HBA/PBS copolyesters were obtained.
Anisotropic Self-Defocusing in Knbo3: Fe Crystal
Authors: He Zhenni , Zhang Xiaohua , Zhang Chunping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAll the characteristics of the self-defocusing and “position dispersion” in KNbO3:Fe crystal are experimentally investigated. The results show that the scattering from KNbO3:Fe crystal is mainly due to the photo-induced lensing.
Effects of Different Nitrogen and Irrigation Amount on Growth, Evapotranspiration and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Jatropha Curcas L.
Authors: Li Jie , Ling Zhen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to study the effects of different nitrogen and irrigation water patterns on water and nitrogen use efficiency of Jatropha curcas L., three water levels (W1:100% ET (ET as evapotranspiration), W2:80% ET, W3:60% ET), and three nitrogen application levels (N1:0g.kg-1, N2:0.4g.kg-1, N3:0.8g.kg-1) were designed. The results showed that compared with T1, each organ and total dry matter of Jatropha curcas L. decreased in T2 and T3. Besides, nitrogen application significantly increased each organ and total dry matter of Jatropha curcas L. Compared with W1N3(high water and nitrogen content), W2N2 treatment saved 20% water and 50% nitrogen fertilizer. Its irrigation water uses efficiency and total amount of nitrogen uptake in per plant increased by 26% and 64.88%. Therefore, W2N2 treatment is the best irrigation and nitrogen application pattern for the growth, the use efficiency of water and nitrogen of Jatropha curcas L.