bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular stress
Authors: Reyes Eliana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cardiovascular stress techniques are essential in establishing the functional significance of stable coronary artery disease and its relation to patient symptoms. Dynamic exercise and pharmacological stress agents are often combined with non-invasive imaging for this purpose; the preference for one form of stress over the others depends on stress-specific indications and contraindications, patient tolerability and choice, feasibility, and local expertise. Becoming familiar with stress testing helps to improve patient safety and test effectiveness, which would contribute towards enhancing the diagnostic performance of cardiac stress imaging.
Sibling and Parental Military Service and Suicidality Among Adolescents in the United States
Authors: London Andrew S , Antshel Kevin M 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This study aims to examine whether having a sibling and/or a parent on active duty in the military is associated with suicidality—think about death, better off dead, think about suicide, plan suicide, and attempt suicide—among 12- to 17-year-old adolescent girls and boys in the United States.

Materials and Methods
Descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted using pooled cross-sectional public-use data from the 2016–2019 National Survey of Drug Use and Health. Analyses were weighted and standard errors were adjusted for the complex sampling design.

Results
Having a sibling on active duty increases the likelihood of reporting all five suicidality outcomes. Having a parent on active duty increases the likelihood of each of the suicidality outcomes except think about death for both adolescent boys and girls relative to adolescents without a parent in the military. Adolescent girls who have a parent serving in the military are more likely to report suicidal ideation (better off dead, think about suicide) than adolescent boys who have a parent currently serving in the military but are equally likely to report suicide planning and attempt.

Conclusions
Those working clinically with military families should be mindful of the association between suicidality and sibling military service, as well as parental military service. Programs aiming to reduce the negative impact of sibling deployment need to be developed and tested empirically. The current findings suggest the need for targeted family-centered approaches to suicide prevention among youth with siblings, parents, and potentially other relatives currently serving in the armed forces.
Giant deformation potential induced small polaron effect in Dion–Jacobson two-dimensional lead halide perovskites
Authors: Huang Yuling , Gong Shaokuan , Chen Qianxia , Chen Congcong , Yang Zhangqiang , Wang Kang , Xue Jie , Wang Daozeng , Lu Haipeng , Mao Lingling , Yang Ye , Zhao Jin-Zhu , Chen Xihan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Halide perovskites have attracted substantial attention recently. However, the strong lattice distortion effects in these materials have led to debates regarding the nature of charge carriers. While the behavior of carriers in bulk three-dimensional materials is well-documented, the characteristics of carriers in two-dimensional perovskites remain less well understood. In this study, we provide direct and clear evidence of small polaron formation through transient spectroscopic analysis of deformation potential and dynamic lattice screening. Coherent acoustic phonon wave signals reveal a strong coupling between carriers and lattice degrees of freedom, leading to small polaron formation and a spin lifetime enhancement of up to 10-fold. Utilizing optical Kerr spectroscopy and theoretical modeling, we observed a notably long polarization response time at room temperature, attributed to lattice distortion and small polarons approximately two-unit cells in size. Temperature-dependent coherent phonon dynamics and X-ray diffraction further confirmed the presence of small polarons. This discovery underscores the significance of the cooperative interplay between exciton dynamics and the small polaron field, particularly in influencing the Coulomb exchange interaction of excitons.
Petrology of Gabbroic Rocks from the Lower Crust of a Back-Arc Basin: An Example from the Ophiolitic Liuyuan Complex, Northwestern China
Authors: Santos Gabriel S , Bédard Jean H , Lin Shoufa , van Staal Cees R , Wang Kai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The 290- to 282-Ma ophiolitic Liuyuan Complex in northwestern China preserves a section of oceanic crust formed in a back-arc basin during the final stages of the evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. We present results of detailed field work, petrography, whole rock, and mineral chemistry of the plutonic rocks of the Liuyuan Complex. These include troctolite, melatroctolite, olivine gabbro, podiform olivine gabbro, podiform hornblende gabbro, and intrusive hornblende gabbro. Major element data, petrography, low incompatible trace element concentrations, and positive Eu–Sr anomalies suggest that basal troctolite and melatroctolite are accumulations of olivine + plagioclase primocrysts, with varying proportions of interstitial, ophitic, and poikilitic clinopyroxene forming from trapped melt. Olivine gabbro dominates the plutonic crust between the troctolites and sheeted dykes. Troctolites and olivine gabbros have weak paleo-horizontal foliations and show systematic upward cryptic mineral-chemical trends of decreasing clinopyroxene Mg#, plagioclase An, and olivine Fo and NiO contents. Trace element modelling suggests low trapped melt fractions in the cumulates (5–15%) and implies clinopyroxene was a minor cumulus phase in the olivine gabbros. The cryptic mineral-chemical evolution and textures imply most troctolites and olivine gabbros formed as sequential accumulations from an evolving melt. Melatroctolite layers (~5 m thick) in troctolite may represent fossil replenishment events. Immediately below the sheeted dyke unit, there are meter-scale pods of cumulate olivine gabbro containing abundant hornblende (25–45%), as well as decimeter- to meter-scale pods of quasi-liquid olivine gabbro with compositions similar to overlying dykes and lavas. Isolated intra-plutonic dykes of hornblende gabbro also have basaltic compositions. In the podiform hornblende gabbro, high-temperature magnesio-hornblende likely formed as a reaction product between clinopyroxene and a hydrous pore melt. Trace element inversion models indicate that these diverse plutonic rock units formed from a tholeiitic parental melt cogenetic with the overlying basalts. The Liuyuan ophiolitic complex represents a coherent slice of oceanic crust formed in a back-arc basin.
Advancing our understanding of root development: Technologies and insights from diverse studies
Authors: Coll Núria S , Moreno-Risueno Miguel , Strader Lucia C , Goodnight Alexandra V , Sozzani Rosangela 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Understanding root development is critical for enhancing plant growth and health, and advanced technologies are essential for unraveling the complexities of these processes. In this review, we highlight select technological innovations in the study of root development, with a focus on the transformative impact of single-cell gene expression analysis. We provide a high-level overview of recent advancements, illustrating how single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has become a pivotal tool in plant biology. scRNA-seq has revolutionized root biology by enabling detailed, cell-specific analysis of gene expression. This has allowed researchers to create comprehensive root atlases, predict cell development, and map gene regulatory networks (GRNs) with unprecedented precision. Complementary technologies, such as multimodal profiling and bioinformatics, further enrich our understanding of cellular dynamics and gene interactions. Innovations in imaging and modeling, combined with genetic tools like CRISPR, continue to deepen our knowledge of root formation and function. Moreover, the integration of these technologies with advanced biosensors and microfluidic devices has advanced our ability to study plant–microbe interactions and phytohormone signaling at high resolution. These tools collectively provide a more comprehensive understanding of root system architecture and its regulation by environmental factors. As these technologies evolve, they promise to drive further breakthroughs in plant science, with substantial implications for agriculture and sustainability.
Sustainable production of 2,5-diformylfuran via peroxymonosulfate-triggered mild catalytic oxidation of lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Chen Ke-Yu , Yu Lin-Qian , Huang Yun-Xin , Liu Wu-Jun , Huang Bao-Cheng , Jin Ren-Cun , Yu Han-Qing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The relentless depletion of fossil fuels accentuates the urgent necessity for the sustainable synthesis of chemicals from renewable biomass. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), extracted from lignocellulosic biomass, emerges as a beacon of hope for conversion into value-added chemicals. However, the inherent susceptibility of its unsaturated aldehyde groups to excessive oxidation often culminates in undesired reactions, compromising both the yield and specificity of the desired products. Here, we introduce a holistic methodology for the cost-effective and ecologically responsible generation of 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), through the heterogeneously catalyzed oxidation of HMF utilizing peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under benign conditions. This strategy, characterized by the meticulous enhancement of surface ketone groups via a mixed-salt-assisted co-pyrolysis technique, achieves an unparalleled selective activation of PMS, engendering singlet oxygen to catalyze the oxidation of HMF into DFF with a selectivity surpassing 80%. Life-cycle assessments underscore a negligible impact on human health, ecosystems, and natural resources, endorsing the holistic utilization of biomass. This integration of pyrolysis for the creation of functional carbonaceous materials within biomass conversion processes significantly enhances sustainability and economic viability, while paving green pathways for selective biomass oxidation and the production of high-value chemicals.
Cognitive Endurance as Human Capital
Authors: Brown Christina , Kaur Supreet , Kingdon Geeta , Schofield Heather 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Schooling may build human capital not only by teaching academic skills but by expanding the capacity for cognition. We focus specifically on cognitive endurance: the ability to sustain effortful mental activity over a continuous stretch of time. As motivation, we document that globally and in the United States, the poor exhibit cognitive fatigue more quickly than the rich do across field settings; they also attend schools that offer fewer opportunities to practice thinking for continuous stretches. Using a field experiment with 1,600 Indian primary school students, we randomly increase the amount of time students spend in sustained cognitive activity during the school day—using either math problems (mimicking good schooling) or nonacademic games (providing a pure test of our mechanism). Each approach markedly improves cognitive endurance: students show 22% less decline in performance over time when engaged in intellectual activities—listening comprehension, academic problems, or IQ tests. They also exhibit increased attentiveness in the classroom and score higher on psychological measures of sustained attention. Moreover, each treatment improves students’ school performance by 0.09 standard deviations. This indicates that the experience of effortful thinking itself—even when devoid of any subject content—improves general cognitive capacity. Finally, we complement these results with quasi-experimental variation indicating that an additional year of schooling improves cognitive endurance, but only in higher-quality schools. Our findings suggest that schooling disparities may further disadvantage poor children by hampering the development of a core mental capacity.
Equivariant Deformation theory for Nilpotent slices in Symplectic lie Algebras
Authors: Ambrosio Filippo , Topley Lewis 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Slodowy slice is a flat Poisson deformation of its nilpotent part, and it was demonstrated by Lehn–Namikawa–Sorger that there is an interesting infinite family of nilpotent orbits in symplectic Lie algebras for which the slice is not the universal Poisson deformation of its nilpotent part. This family corresponds to slices to nilpotent orbits in symplectic Lie algebras whose Jordan normal form has two blocks. We show that the nilpotent Slodowy varieties associated with these orbits are isomorphic as Poisson $\mathbb{C}^\times$-varieties to nilpotent Slodowy varieties in type D. It follows that the universal Poisson deformation in type C is a slice in type D.
When both Jordan blocks have odd size, the underlying singularity is equipped with a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry coming from the type D realization. We prove that the Slodowy slice in type C is the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-equivariant universal Poisson deformation of its nilpotent part. This result also has non-commutative counterpart, identifying the finite W-algebra as the universal equivariant quantization.
When partisanship and technocratic credibility collide: mass attitudes and central bank endorsements of fiscal policy in Canada and the USA
Authors: Hanniman Kyle , Jacques Olivier , Matthews J Scott , Abbott Christopher , Goodyear-Grant Elizabeth 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Developments over the past decade have made it increasingly difficult for central banks to achieve their macroeconomic objectives without the help of fiscal policy, resulting in some surprisingly public efforts from central banks to influence the size and direction of government budget balances. But do voters find central bank appeals persuasive and what are the reputational consequences of engaging the public on this sensitive issue, particularly in the event of partisan counterattacks? We examine these issues with two parallel survey experiments conducted in Canada and the USA. The results suggest central bank endorsements modestly increased support for expansionary fiscal policies. They also suggest the right’s attack on the central bank may have backfired—ultimately improving rather than undermining the bank’s reputation among non-conservatives. This research has implications for theoretical work in political psychology and public economics and for on-going empirical debates about voters’ attitudes toward austerity.
Haloacetamides exacerbate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat diet in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Jiang Zhiqiang , Yang Lili , Liu Qinxin , Qiu Meiyue , Chen Yu , Teng Mengying , Zhang Yubin , Liu Xing , Zhao Zhonghua , Zheng Yuxin , Andersen Melvin , Qu Weidong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Obesity, a significant global health issue, heightens the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Its interaction with environmental pollutants might exacerbate NAFLD’s severity. Haloacetamides (HAcAms), a group of emerging nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and potent oxidative stressors, are found in chlorinated drinking water. Since oxidative stress is associated with HAcAms-DBP cytotoxicity and a key factor in NAFLD pathogenesis, we hypothesize that HAcAms-DBPs could exacerbate liver injury and NAFLD, particularly with high-fat diets. This study examined HAcAms-DBPs’ impact on liver lipid metabolism in mice treated with 1 to 100 times the background drinking water level (13.05 µg/L) for up to 16 weeks of oral administration. Compared to a high-fat-only group, mice co-exposed to a high-fat diet and HAcAms-DBPs for 16 weeks had elevated serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, triglyceride, hepatic lipid aggregation, and inflammation response. Under high-fat conditions, background drinking water levels of HAcAms significantly upregulated liver Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, fatty acid synthase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), PPARγ coactivator-1α, glucose transporter 1 and 4 protein expression in C57BL/6J mice; 10 times background significantly increased expression of inflammatory marker tumor necrosis factor and liver fibrosis marker protein alpha-smooth muscle actin; 100 times further increased both liver damage and markers of early non-alcoholic steatohepatitis phenotypes like steatosis and lobular inflammation. HAcAms-DBPs plus high-fat conditions worsened liver damage. The possible health risks of NAFLD induced by HAcAms in obese individuals deserve further study.
Recurring incursions and dissemination of novel Eurasian-origin H5Nx avian influenza viruses in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Rahman Ishraq , Erdelyan Cassidy N.G , Signore Anthony V , Ayilara Ifeoluwa , Wight Jordan , Jones Megan E.B , Sullivan Daniel S , Lung Oliver , Hisanaga Tamiko , Wilhelm Sabina I , Cunningham Joshua T , Ward Christopher R.E , Bosch Johanna , Robertson Gregory J , Gosse Karen , Baker Meghan , Dawe Beverly , Lair Stéphane , Provencher Jennifer F , Hargan Kathryn E , Berhane Yohannes , Lang Andrew S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Wild birds are important hosts of influenza A viruses (IAVs) and play an important role in their ecology. The emergence of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 H5N1 (Gs/GD) lineage marked a shift in IAV ecology, leading to recurrent outbreaks and mortality in wild birds from 2002 onwards. This lineage has evolved and diversified over time, with a recent important derivative being the 2.3.4.4b sub-lineage, which has caused significant mortality events in wild bird populations. An H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus was transmitted into North America from Eurasia in 2021, with the first detection being in Newfoundland and Labrador in Atlantic Canada, and this virus and its reassortants then spread broadly throughout North America and beyond. Following the first 2021 detection, there have been three additional known incursions of Eurasian-origin strains into Atlantic Canada, a second H5N1 strain in 2022 and two H5N5 strains in 2023. In this study, we document a fifth incursion in Atlantic Canada that occurred in 2023 by another H5N5 strain. This strain spread throughout Atlantic Canada and into Quebec, infecting numerous species of wild birds and mammals. Genomic analysis revealed mammalian-adaptive mutations in some of the detected viruses (PB2-E627K and PB2-D701N) and mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes that are associated with enhanced viral fitness and avian transmission capabilities. Our findings indicate that this virus is continuing to circulate in wildlife, and confirms Atlantic Canada is an important North American entry point for Eurasian IAVs. Continued surveillance and genomic analysis of IAVs detected in the region is crucial to monitor the evolution of these viruses and assess potential risks to wildlife and public health.
The Obesity Paradox Revisited: Is Obesity Still a Protective Factor for Patients With High Comorbidity Burden or High-Complexity Procedures?
Authors: Son Hyo Jin , Gee Denise W. , Gomez David , Jung James J. 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
To investigate the relationship between obesity and postoperative mortality in the context of high procedural complexity and comorbidity burden.

Background:
The “obesity paradox” suggests better postoperative outcomes in patients with higher body mass index (BMI), despite obesity’s associated health risks. Research remains scarce on the influence of procedural complexity and comorbidities on the obesity–postoperative mortality relationship.

Methods:
We performed an observational study of adult patients undergoing major surgery using the 2016 to 2019 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. The outcome was 30-day mortality. We first estimated the risk-adjusted effects of BMI on mortality across the full cohort via multivariable regression and restricted cubic spline models. Then, we investigated the subgroups stratified by procedural complexity and comorbidity burden using a modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (mCCI) and mortality probability.

Results:
Among 3,085,582 patients, 47% had obesity. There was a reverse J-shaped relationship between BMI and mortality in the full cohort, consistent with the obesity paradox. However, no difference in odds of mortality was observed in patients with obesity who underwent high-complexity procedures compared with normal BMI counterparts (BMI 30–34.9: odds ratio, 0.93 [95% confidence interval: 0.86–1.01]; BMI 35–39.9: 0.92 [0.83–1.03]; BMI ≥ 40: 0.94 [0.83–1.07]), and in patients with obesity with high comorbidity burden (mCCI ≥ 8 [BMI 30–34.9: 0.95 (0.77–1.16); BMI 35–39.9: 0.78, (0.60–1.02); BMI ≥ 40: 0.84 (0.63–1.12)] and top 3% mortality probability [BMI 30–34.9: 0.96 (0.90–1.02); BMI ≥ 40: 0.94 (0.86–1.01)]).

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest the existence of an obesity paradox in most adult surgical patients, yet the trend dissipates with high procedural complexity and comorbidity burden.
Disease burden of biliary tract cancer in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2021: A comprehensive demographic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Sun Xuheng , Liu Jiangmei , Zhang Wei , Wang Yijun , Jiang Yan , Wang Lijun , Zou Yixin , Xiao Yuxuan , Xiang Yongbing , Li Maolan , Zhou Maigeng , Liu Yingbin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Biliary tract carcinomas (BTCs) are relatively rare but lethal primary malignant tumors derived from the biliary tract system. The burden of BTCs varies according to sex, age, region, and country, but limited attention has been paid to the burden of BTCs. We sought to explore the up-to-date data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) and expand findings by accessing the demographic features of BTC disease burden.

Methods:
Using the latest data from the GBD 2021, we evaluated and analyzed the distributions and patterns of BTC disease burden in various age groups, sexes, regions, and countries.

Results:
The number of incident cases, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) tended to increase and peaked at 216,770 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 181,890–245,240), 171,960 (95% UI: 142,350–194,240), and 3,732,100 (95% UI: 3,102,900–4,317,000) person-years, respectively, in 2021. However, the average global age-standardized rates (ASRs) of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs shrunk by −11.46% (95% UI: −21.91 to 3.35%), −24.09% (95% UI: −33.19 to 16.88%), and −26.25% (95% UI: −35.53 to 18.36%), respectively, from 1990 to 2021. Meanwhile, the male/female ratio (male per 100 female) of incidence, deaths, and DALYs changed from 76.40, 75.41, and 74.72 to 86.89, 79.11, and 82.29, respectively. In 2021, the highest number of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs occurred in East Asia. The top three highest incidences, deaths, and DALYs were observed in China, India, and Japan, and the highest ASRs were observed in Chile in 2021. Analysis of the Human Development Index along with disease burden estimates of BTCs also suggests that the burden of the disease is related to the level of comprehensive development of the society.

Conclusion:
This study provided a comprehensive comparison of differences in the burden of disease across populations and over time, and further presented evidence concerning the formulation of prevention and control policies and etiologic studies for BTCs and proposed logical hypotheses to investigate.