bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical and economic evaluation of triethylene glycol regeneration process using flash gas as stripping gas in a domestic natural gas dehydration unit
Authors: Affandy Sony A. , Kurniawan Adhi , Handogo Renanto , Sutikno Juwari P. , Chien I‐Lung 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNatural gas from an underground reservoir is typically saturated with water vapor. Removal of this water vapor is required in the gas processing to avoid serious problems. This study investigated the technical and economic aspects of a triethylene glycol (TEG) regeneration unit in a domestic natural gas processing plant. This study aims to improve the performance of this dehydration unit to meet sales gas specifications while minimizing the Total Annual Cost (TAC). The important variables in this work are TEG circulation mass flow and rerouting the gas from TEG Flash Drum to TEG Regenerator as stripping gas. The flash gas, instead of discharged directly to the Flare system, is routed to the TEG Regenerator and serves as stripping gas agent to improve the TEG purity. The results revealed that utilizing flash gas as stripping gas has allowed lower TEG circulation mass flow rate and reduced the reboiler duty from 1.464 to 0.934 GJ/h (a 36.2% reduction). The TAC was reduced from $ 296 058/year to $ 236 890 /year (20.0% reduction). Through this work, a more economical design was obtained compared to the base case design.
Opportunities for sustainability improvement in aluminum industry
Authors: Pandey Ashok Kumar , Prakash Ravi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aluminum consumption in India of 2.5 kg per capita is way below the global average of 11 kg per capita. In the future, India will require additional annual consumption of 16 million tons of aluminum. Due to the energy‐intensive nature of aluminum production coupled with its projected growth, there are sustainability concerns for this industrial sector. This paper examines some opportunities available for sustainability improvement in an existing aluminum plant using coal‐based electricity. An industrial sustainability index (ISI), as previously developed by the authors, is here to quantitatively evaluate the magnitude of sustainability improvement through a natural gas‐based combined cycle (NGCC) power generation. Two modes of sustainability improvement are examined: (a) NGCC with surplus power generation and (b) NGCC with doubling of production capacity. It is observed that the ISI values can be increased by 5 to 6 times through the above modes, as compared to the existing model. The investment required for such sustainability improvement is expected to be less than that required for setting up a totally new plant. The direct carbon emissions for the existing plant are nearly 6.4% of the total carbon emissions, which may be eliminated by adopting new smelting technology now available, with the further possibility of sustainability improvement.
Riverine large wood and recreation safety: A framework to discretize and contextualize hazard
Authors: Conley Will , Kramer Natalie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe importance of large wood (LW) to riverine functions is well established scientifically and increasingly recognized by river managers in many countries. However, public perceptions largely associate LW with elevated danger and/or need for intervention. Such perspectives are amplified amongst recreational river users (defined here as any individuals that recreate by floating on the water surface of a river) who interact more directly with rivers than the general public and commonly view wood in life‐or‐death terms. Given that human life occupies a highest‐order charge for river managers, they are left in a difficult position when safety appears to conflict with environmental services. LW deficits are perpetuated partly because wood removal, often in the name of safety, is far easier than placing wood in rivers. Further, river restoration practitioners are frequently burdened with expectations and liability unparalleled in built environments. A fundamentally different mindset is necessary to achieve desired ecologic outcomes when working with rivers. Based on two decades of experience as boaters, LW practitioners, and emergency responders, we (1) discuss LW hazard and risk from recreational and management viewpoints, (2) discretize objective and measurable physical properties of LW hazards, and (3) propose a decision framework that implicitly addresses risk by considering LW hazards relative to river use and ambient hazards. The approach is structured to increase objectivity in LW hazard mitigation and diminish asymmetric biases that favor LW removal. Our intent is to build understanding and rational flexibility among risk‐averse management, regulatory, and funding entities to facilitate implementation of scientific understanding without undue risk to river users. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endocrine surgery in the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Surgical Triage Guidelines
Authors: Jozaghi Yelda , Zafereo Mark E. , Perrier Nancy D. , Wang Jennifer R. , Grubbs Elizabeth , Gross Neil D. , Fisher Sarah , Sturgis Erich M. , Goepfert Ryan P. , Lai Stephen Y. , Best Conor , Busaidy Naifa L. , Cabanillas Maria E. , Dadu Ramona , Gagel Robert F. , Habra Mouhammed A. , Hu Mimi I. , Jimenez Camilo , Sherman Steven I. , Thosani Sonali , Varghese Jeena , Waguespack Steven G. , Weitzman Steven , Ying Anita K. , Graham Paul H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the face of the COVID‐19 pandemic, cancer care has had to adapt rapidly given the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Surgeons (ACS) issuing recommendations to postpone nonurgent surgeries.MethodsAn institutional multidisciplinary group of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Surgical Endocrinology, and Medical Endocrinology devised Surgical Triaging Guidelines for Endocrine Surgery during COVID‐19, aligned with phases of care published by the ACS.ResultsPhases of care with examples of corresponding endocrine cases are outlined. Most cases can be safely postponed with active surveillance, including most differentiated and medullary thyroid cancers. During the most acute phase, all endocrine surgeries are deferred, except thyroid tumors requiring acute airway management.ConclusionsThese guidelines provide context for endocrine surgery within the spectrum of surgical oncology, with the goal of optimal individualized multidisciplinary patient care and the expectation of significant resource diversion to care for patients with COVID‐19.
Managing head and neck cancer patients with tracheostomy or laryngectomy during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kligerman Maxwell P. , Vukkadala Neelaysh , Tsang Raymond K. Y. , Sunwoo John B. , Holsinger F. Christopher , Chan Jason Y. K. , Damrose Edward J. , Kearney Ann , Starmer Heather M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHead and neck cancer patients with tracheostomies and laryngectomies, as well as their healthcare providers, face unique challenges in the context of the current COVID‐19 pandemic. This document consolidates best available evidence to date and presents recommendations to minimize the risks of aerosolization and SARS‐CoV‐2 exposures in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. The cornerstones of these recommendations include the use of closed‐circuit ventilation whenever possible, cuffed tracheostomy tubes, judicious use of heat moisture exchange units, appropriate personal protective equipment for providers and patients, meticulous hand hygiene, and minimal manipulation of tracheostomy tubes.
Clinical Best Practice Advice for Hepatology and Liver Transplant Providers During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: AASLD Expert Panel Consensus Statement
Authors: Fix Oren K. , Hameed Bilal , Fontana Robert J. , Kwok Ryan M. , McGuire Brendan M. , Mulligan David C. , Pratt Daniel S. , Russo Mark W. , Schilsky Michael L. , Verna Elizabeth C. , Loomba Rohit , Cohen David E. , Bezerra Jorge A. , Reddy K. Rajender , Chung Raymond T. 
Published: April 2020

Background and Aims
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), the illness caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, is rapidly spreading throughout the world. Hospitals and healthcare providers are preparing for the anticipated surge in critically ill patients, but few are wholly equipped to manage this new disease. The goals of this document are to provide data on what is currently known about COVID‐19, and how it may impact hepatologists and liver transplant providers and their patients. Our aim is to provide a template for the development of clinical recommendations and policies to mitigate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on liver patients and healthcare providers.

Approach and Results
This article discusses what is known about COVID‐19 with a focus on its impact on hepatologists, liver transplant providers, patients with liver disease, and liver transplant recipients. We provide clinicians with guidance for how to minimize the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on their patients’ care.

Conclusions
The situation is evolving rapidly, and these recommendations will need to evolve as well. As we learn more about how the COVID‐19 pandemic impacts the care of patients with liver disease, we will update the online document available at https://www.aasld.org/about-aasld/covid-19-and-liver.
Perovskite: Name Puzzle and German‐Russian Odyssey of Discovery
Authors: Katz Eugene A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractToday the term ‘perovskite’ is used to designate the crystalline structure of a wide variety of ABX3 ionic compounds. However, historically this name was used for a specific material, having been coined for a mineral, calcium titanate (CaTiO3). This mineral was discovered in the Ural Mountains, Russia. The first sample of the mineral was transferred from Saint Petersburg to Berlin in 1839 by the Russian mineralogist Alexander Kämmerer, who gave the sample for further investigation to the German mineralogist and crystallographer Gustav Rose. Rose determined its properties and chemical composition and named the mineral after the Russian politician and mineralogist Lev Perovski. The present essay describes the background of this discovery as well as the life stories of the personalities involved.
In vivo studies on osteoinduction: A systematic review on animal models, implant site, and type and postimplantation investigation
Authors: Veronesi Francesca , Maglio Melania , Brogini Silvia , Fini Milena 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMusculoskeletal diseases involving loss of tissue usually require management with bone grafts, among which autografts are still the gold standard. To overcome autograft disadvantages, the development of new scaffolds is constantly increasing, as well as the number of in vivo studies evaluating their osteoinductivity in ectopic sites. The aim of the present systematic review is to evaluate the last 10 years of osteoinduction in vivo studies. The review is focused on: (a) which type of animal model is most suitable for osteoinduction evaluation; (b) what are the most used types of scaffolds; (c) what kind of post‐explant evaluation is most used. Through three websites (www.pubmed.com, www.webofknowledge.com and www.embase.com), 77 in vivo studies were included. Fifty‐eight studies were conducted in small animal models (rodents) and 19 in animals of medium or large size (rabbits, dogs, goats, sheep, and minipigs). Despite the difficulty in establishing the most suitable animal model for osteoinductivity studies, small animals (in particular mice) are the most utilized. Intramuscular implantation is more frequent than subcutis, especially in large animals, and synthetic scaffolds (especially CaP ceramics) are preferred than natural ones, also in combination with cells and growth factors. Paraffin histology and histomorphometric evaluations are usually employed for postimplantation analyses.
Associations between estimated glomerular filtration rate and cardiac biomarkers
Authors: Pang Lu , Wang Zhe , Zhao Zi‐Long , Guo Qi , Huang Chen‐Wei , Du Jia‐Lin , Yang Hong‐Yun , Li Hai‐Xia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk. Elevation of cardiac biomarkers in patients with renal dysfunction is ambiguous in the diagnosis of CVD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and cardiac biomarkers, and the influence of renal dysfunction on the cardiac biomarkers.MethodsWe examined the cross‐sectional associations of eGFR with cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase (CK), CK‐MB, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in 812 adults and 215 child. Spearman correlation and logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the associations.ResultsFor adults, lower eGFR CKD‐EPI had significantly higher cTnI, CK‐MB, LDH, HBDH, and BNP. There were negative correlations between eGFRCKD‐EPI and cTnI, CK‐MB, LDH, HBDH, and BNP. After adjustment for potential confounders, as compared with eGFRCKD‐EPI ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, eGFRCKD‐EPI < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 remained associated with a 2.83 (1.08‐7.41) [ratio (95% CI)] times higher cTnI and a 6.50 (2.32‐18.22) [ratio (95% CI)] times higher HBDH. For child, lower eGFRSchwartz had significant higher CK and CK‐MB. There were negative correlations between eGFRSchwartz and CK, and eGFRSchwartz and CK‐MB. After adjustment for potential confounders, as compared with eGFRSchwartz ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, eGFRSchwartz < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 revealed no significant higher CVD biomarkers.ConclusionReduced eGFR is associated with elevated cTnI and HBDH among adults without clinically evident CVD, but not child.
Greener gas? Impact of biosolids on carbon intensity of switchgrass ethanol
Authors: Brown Sally , Pannu Manmeet , Fransen Steven C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSynthetic fertilizers make up a significant fraction of the energy required to grow switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) for ethanol production. A field study compared biosolids and synthetic fertilizers on biomass yield, ethanol production, and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions of switchgrass to determine if using an alternative source of nutrient would lower the energy density of the fuel. Minimal N2O emissions were observed the first year of the study (0.99 ± 1.5 g N2O ha−1 d−1 for biosolids), with no difference between treatments. Biosolids were added in excess of agronomic rates, and gas samples were collected immediately after irrigation for the subsequent years to examine maximum N2O emissions. Mean Year 2 emissions increased for fertilizers to 1.8 ± 8 g N2O ha−1 d−1 (n = 131) and to 3.73 ± 10.2 g N2O ha−1 d−1 (n = 130) for biosolids‐amended soils. Emissions in Year 3 were similar to Year 2. Yield was similar and ranged from 3.7 ± 5 to 11 ± 1.1 and from 5.0 ± 0.2 to 13.4 ± 1.7 Mg ha−1 for biosolids and fertilizer, respectively. The potential ethanol yield was 365 ± 28 L Mg−1 and 374 ± 34 L Mg−1 for the biosolids‐ and fertilizer‐grown grass, respectively. Greenhouse gas emissions associated with fertilizer production were considered for N, P, and K and totaled 1,653 kg carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) ha−1. The equivalent credits for substitution of biosolids (18 Mg ha−1) were −2,492 kg CO2e ha−1. Nitrous oxide emissions were calculated based on 1% of total N applied for agronomic applications and were 8,600 and 3,500 g N2O ha−1 for the biosolids and fertilizer treatments, respectively. Total carbon costs associated with fertilization were 2,700 kg CO2e ha−1 for fertilizer and 60 kg CO2e ha−1 for biosolids. Using measured N2O data would have resulted in lower emissions for both treatments.
Significance of fecal hemoglobin concentration for predicting risk of colorectal cancer after colonoscopy
Authors: Kawamura Takuji , Inoue Takato , Shinomiya Ryo , Sakai Hiroaki , Amamiya Kana , Sakiyama Naokuni , Shirakawa Atsushi , Okada Yusuke , Sanada Kasumi , Nakase Kojiro , Mandai Koichiro , Suzuki Azumi , Kamaguchi Mai , Morita Atsushi , Nishioji Kenichi , Tanaka Kiyohito , Uno Koji , Yokota Isao , Kobayashi Masao , Yasuda Kenjiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimAs the significance of the quantitative fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in patients who previously underwent a colonoscopy is unknown, this study aimed at investigating the association between fecal hemoglobin concentration and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods and ResultsWe retrospectively analyzed FIT‐positive patients who underwent a colonoscopy through our opportunistic annual screening program from April 2010 to March 2017 at the Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital. We stratified them into no colonoscopy and past colonoscopy (>5 years or ≤5 years) groups based on whether they had a history of undergoing a colonoscopy and analyzed the correlation between fecal hemoglobin concentration and advanced neoplasia or invasive cancer detection in each group. We analyzed 1248 patients with positive FIT results. There were 748 (59.9%), 198 (15.9%), and 302 (24.2%) patients in the no colonoscopy, past colonoscopy (>5 years), and past colonoscopy (≤5 years) groups, respectively. In the no colonoscopy group, the advanced neoplasia detection rate significantly increased with the fecal hemoglobin concentration (P < 0.001). However, no significant trend was observed in the past colonoscopy (both >5 years and ≤5 years) group (P = 0.982). No invasive cancer was detected in the past colonoscopy (≤5 years) group.ConclusionThe risk of CRC might be low even if fecal hemoglobin concentration was high, especially in those who underwent colonoscopy within 5 years.
Epidemiology and persistence of cervical human papillomavirus infection among outpatient women in Heilongjiang province: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Jiaxin , Shi Yafeng , Wang Lishuang , Wang Jiao , Fan Dongxue , Han Shiyu , Wei Lanlan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs persistent carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a prominent driver of cervical cancer, it is essential to explore HPV persistence and its associated factors for cancer screening and prevention. A retrospective cohort study was performed in outpatient women between March 2010 and 2019 in Heilongjiang, northeast China. HPV genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction‐membrane hybridization. An unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of factors with persistence. The overall prevalence of HPV at baseline was 27.1%, with a downward trend from 2010 to 2019 (P <  .0001). The most commonly observed high‐ and low‐risk HPVs were HPV16 (N = 1094, 5.9%) and HPV11 (N = 596, 3.2%), respectively. The probabilities of 6‐month persistence were high for women infected with HPV16 (P = .0001), HPV58 (P = .018), and HPV53 (P = .014), as well as for women with multiple infections (P = .009), and those who were 51 to 60 years old (P = .004) or more than  60 years old (P = .007). The probabilities of 12‐month persistence were high for women infected with HPV53 (P = .017) and 51‐ to 60‐year‐old women (P = .044). HPV16 is the dominant HPV type in Heilongjiang. An age in the range of 51 to 60 years and infection with HPV53 is associated with HPV infection persistence in the Heilongjiang population.
Direct separation of the enantiomers of ramosetron on a chlorinated cellulose‐based chiral stationary phase in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mode
Authors: Colombo Marta , Ferretti Rosella , Zanitti Leo , Cirilli Roberto 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRamosetron is an enantiopure active pharmaceutical ingredient marketed in Japan since 1996 and later in a few Southeast Asian countries predominantly as an antiemetic for patients receiving chemotherapy. In this study, a simple and rapid high‐performance liquid chromoatography method for the separation of ramosetron and its related enantiomeric impurity by using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mode is presented. Chiral resolution was performed on an analytical column (100 mm × 4.6 mm id) packed with 3 μm particles of cellulose‐based Chiralpak IC‐3 chiral stationary phase. Using a mobile phase containing acetonitrile–water–diethylamine (100:10:0.1, v/v/v) and setting the column temperature at 35°C, the resolution value was 7.35. At a flow rate of 1 mL/min, the enantioseparation was completed within 5 min. The proposed method was partially validated and it has proven to be sensitive with limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the (S)‐enantiomer impurity of 44.5 and 133.6 ng/mL.
Transvaginal Ultrasound‐Guided Fine‐Needle Aspiration of Adnexal Cysts With a Low Risk of Malignancy
Authors: Díaz de la Noval Begoña , Rodríguez Suárez Mª José , Fernández Ferrera Carmen Belén , Valdés Lafuente David , Arias Cailleau Rocío , Pérez Arias Héctor , Torrejón Becerra Juan Carlos , Suárez Gil Patricio , Lucio González Laura Rebeca 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of ultrasound (US)‐guided aspiration for the management of low‐risk adnexal cysts.MethodsA longitudinal cohort of women with a low‐risk adnexal cyst who underwent transvaginal US‐guided aspiration from January 2012 to April 2018 were included. All procedures were performed on an outpatient basis, without anesthesia, sedation, or antibiotics. The posttreatment follow‐up protocol included transvaginal US at 3 and 12 months. Potential risk factors for recurrence (ie, age, menopausal status, comorbidities, symptoms, cyst diameter, incomplete emptying, and location) were analyzed by multiple logistic regression.ResultsA total of 156 patients were included. The median (interquartile range) cyst diameter was 66 (58–80) mm. Fifty‐seven (36.5%) cases were resolved by US‐guided aspiration. The median follow‐up time was 556.5 (344–1070.25) days. The complication rate of the procedure was 2.6% (n = 4), with 3 cases of a major complication due to a pelvic abscess and 1 case of a minor complication due to self‐limited vaginal spotting. A larger cyst size (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.07; P = .002) and an older age (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.05; P = .007) at diagnosis were independent factors related to recurrence.ConclusionsBased on the low resolution rate, US‐guided aspiration is not an effective option for the treatment of low‐risk adnexal cysts. Risk factors associated with recurrence were age and cyst size at diagnosis. Larger randomized studies are necessary to assess predictive factors for cyst recurrence.
Laser‐Triggered Writing and Biofunctionalization of Thiol‐Ene Networks
Authors: Romano Angelo , Angelini Angelo , Rossegger Elisabeth , Palmara Gianluca , Castellino Micaela , Frascella Francesca , Chiappone Annalisa , Chiadò Alessandro , Sangermano Marco , Schlögl Sandra , Roppolo Ignazio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe light responsivity of ortho‐nitrobenzyl esters (o‐NBE) is exploited to inscribe µ‐scale 2.5D patterns in thiol‐ene networks by direct laser writing. For this purpose, a multifunctional thiol and a photosensitive alkene with an o‐NBE chromophore are cured upon visible light exposure without inducing a premature photocleavage of the o‐NBE links. Once the network is formed, a laser beam source with a wavelength of 375 nm is used for selectively inducing the photocleavage reaction of the o‐NBE groups. Positive tone patterns are directly inscribed onto the sample surface without the requirement of a subsequent development step (removing soluble species in an appropriate organic solvent). Along with the realization of dry‐developable micropatterns, the chemical surface composition of the exposed areas can be conveniently adjusted since different domains with a tailored content of carboxylic groups are obtained simply by modulating the laser energy dose. In a following step, those are activated and exploited as anchor points for attaching an Alexa‐546 conjugated Protein A. Thus, the laser writable thiol‐ene networks do not only provide a convenient method for the fabrication of positive tone patterns but also open future prospectives for a wide range of biosensing applications.