bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial assessment of single- and dual-frequency BDS-3 RTK positioning
Authors: Yuan Yunbin , Mi Xiaolong , Zhang Baocheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe BeiDou navigation satellite system with global coverage (BDS-3) has been fully operational since July 2020 and provides comprehensive services to global users. BDS-3 transmits several new navigational signals based on the signals inherited from the BeiDou navigation satellite (regional) system (BDS-2). Previous studies focused on the positioning performance of BDS-2 plus BDS-3 and that of combining BDS-3 and other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs), but there was no in-depth discussion on the positioning performance of the BDS-3-only. In this contribution, the BDS-3-only Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning is analysed using the data collected in zero and short baselines in Wuhan, China. The RTK model based on Single-Differenced is first presented, and the BDS-3-only RTK positioning in cases of single and dual-frequencies is evaluated with the model in terms of the empirical integer ambiguity resolution success rates and positioning accuracy. Our numerical tests suggest two major findings. First, the positioning performance for the B1I and B3I retained from BDS-2 and the new frequency B1C is comparable, while that for the new frequency B2a is poorer. Second, the positioning performance of the new frequency combination of the B1C + B2a is not as good as that of the B1C only, owing to the unrealistic stochastic model used.
Recent Progress in Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on Antitumor Macrolide Aplyronine A by Using Hybridization of Actin-depolymerizing Natural Product
Authors: Ohyoshi Takayuki , Kigoshi Hideo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aplyronine A, an antitumor marine macrolide, has a novel mode of action, inducing the protein-protein interaction between two major cytoskeletons, actin and tubulin. This review discusses recent progress in the design of artificial analogs including hybridization and structure-activity relationship studies of aplyronine A.
Exercise routine change is associated with prenatal depression scores during the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant women across the United States
Authors: Gildner Theresa E. , Laugier Elise J. , Thayer Zaneta M. 
Published: December 2020

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected physical and mental health worldwide. Pregnant women already exhibit an elevated risk for depression compared to the general public, a pattern expected to be exacerbated by the pandemic. Certain lifestyle factors, including moderate exercise, may help support mental health during pregnancy, but it is unclear how the pandemic may impact these associations across different locations. Here, we test whether: (i) reported exercise routine alterations during the pandemic are associated with depression scores; and, (ii) the likelihood of reporting pandemic-related exercise changes varies between women living in metro areas and those in non-metro areas.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from the COVID-19 And Reproductive Effects (CARE) study, an online survey of pregnant women in the United States. Participants were recruited April-June 2020 (n = 1,856). Linear regression analyses assessed whether reported COVID-19-related exercise change was associated with depression score as measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Survey. Logistic regression analyses tested whether a participant’s Rural-Urban Continuum Code classification of “metro” was linked with higher odds of reporting exercise changes compared to a “non-metro” classification.

Results
Women who reported exercise changes during the pandemic exhibited significantly higher depression scores compared to those reporting no changes. Moreover, individuals living in metro areas of all sizes were significantly more likely to report exercise changes compared to women living in non-metro areas.

Conclusions
These results suggest that the ability to maintain an exercise routine during the pandemic may help support maternal mental health. It may therefore be prudent for providers to explicitly ask patients how the pandemic has impacted their exercise routines and consider altered exercise routines a potential risk factor for depression. An effort should also be made to recommend exercises that are tailored to individual space restrictions and physical health.
Follow-up of 3 Million Persons Undergoing Colonoscopy in Germany: Utilization of Repeat Colonoscopies and Polypectomies Within 10 Years
Authors: Schwarz Sarina , Schäfer Wiebke , Horenkamp-Sonntag Dirk , Liebentraut Judith , Haug Ulrike 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Given the sparsity of longitudinal studies on colonoscopy use, we quantified utilization of repeat colonoscopy within 10 years and the proportion of persons with polypectomies at first repeat colonoscopy using a large German claims database.

METHODS:
Based on the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database, we identified persons who underwent colonoscopy between 2006 and 2015 (index colonoscopy) and assessed colonoscopies and polypectomies during follow-up. We defined 3 subcohorts based on available procedure/diagnosis codes at index colonoscopy: persons with snare polypectomy, which is reimbursable for lesions ≥5 mm in size (cohort 1), with a forceps polypectomy (cohort 2), and without such procedures/diagnoses (cohort 3). We stratified all analyses by diagnostic vs screening index colonoscopy.

RESULTS:
Overall, we included 3,076,657 persons (cohort 1–3: 15%, 13%, 72%). Among persons with screening index colonoscopy (30%), the proportions with a repeat colonoscopy within 10 years in cohorts 1, 2, and 3 were 78%, 66%, and 43%, respectively, and a snare polypectomy at first repeat colonoscopy was performed in 27%, 17%, and 12%, respectively. In cohort 1, 32% of persons with a (first) repeat colonoscopy after 9 years had a snare polypectomy (after 3 years: 25%). Among persons with diagnostic index colonoscopies, 80%, 78%, and 65% had a repeat colonoscopy, and 27%, 17%, and 10% had a snare polypectomy at first repeat colonoscopy, respectively.

DISCUSSION:
Our study suggests substantial underuse of repeat colonoscopy among persons with previous snare polypectomy and overuse among lower risk groups. One-quarter of persons with a snare polypectomy at baseline had another snare polypectomy at first repeat colonoscopy.
Ambivalente Digitalisierung im Gesundheitssystem
Authors: Lenz Sarah 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund einer zunehmenden Bedeutung und der gleichzeitigen Infragestellung digitaler Technologien in der Gesundheitsversorgung fragt der Beitrag danach, wie Entwickler*innen von Digital-Health-Technologien zwischen unterschiedlichen institutionellen Logiken vermitteln. Dabei wird davon ausgegangen, dass neue Logiken wie die der Digitalisierung mit bereits etablierten institutionellen Logiken in Einklang gebracht werden müssen, um anwendbar zu werden. Im Fokus der Untersuchung stehen deshalb Personen, die in etablierten medizinischen Bereichen als Ärzte tätig sind und gleichzeitig Digital-Health-Technologien entwickeln und implementieren. Die Befunde verweisen darauf, dass Digital-Health-Technologien derzeitige Konflikte zwischen einer zunehmenden Ökonomisierung des Gesundheitssystems und professionsethischen Ansprüchen harmonisieren sollen; gleichzeitig zeigt sich aber auch, dass digitale Technologien den Anspruch medizinischer Autonomie als zentrales Element des medizinischen Ethos untergraben können.
Video-Streaming in Bibliotheken: Herausforderungen und Chancen aus Anbietersicht
Authors: Fallert Sarah , Scheel Tilman 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungÜberall auf der Welt feiern Video-on-Demand-Dienste ihren Siegeszug. Angesichts des boomenden Streaming-Marktes sowie des Rückgangs auf dem Kaufmarkt von Trägermedien wie DVDs und den dafür erforderlichen Abspielgeräten im privaten Gebrauch, stehen Bibliotheken und Video-Streaming-Anbieter vor der Herausforderung, eine Alternative zu schaffen, die den veränderten Bedürfnissen der Nutzer Rechnung trägt und gleichzeitig den weitestgehend unveränderten Erwerbungsbudgets der Bibliotheken gerecht wird.
Study on the optimal antagonistic effect of a bacterial complex against Monilinia fructicola in peach
Authors: Chang Haotian , Yang Haiqing , Han Tao , Wang Fang , Liu Yueping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPeach brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola is one of the most economically destructive diseases of peach (Prunus persica L.) in some orchards of China. Biocontrol is a significant strategy that exhibits strong levels of control and ecologically sound concepts in disease management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined suppressive effects of three endophytic bacterial strains (xj-14, xj-15, and xj-16) and two soil rhizosphere bacterial strains (xj-A and xj-C) that were shown to have strong inhibitory activity toward M. fructicola in our previous study. The optimal strains and the optimized combination of strains were determined. The combination of strains xj-15 and xj-C inhibited M. fructicola more intensively for a longer period of time. Following the application of 1 × 109 CFU/mL bacterial complex to the fruits, leaves, and shoots of peach trees infected with M. fructicola, the rate of inhibition reached 73.80%, 83.33%, and 90.43%, respectively. A pot experiment using lettuce (Lactuca sativa) showed that inoculation with the bacterial complex significantly increased the growth of seedlings. In this study, some compound bacteria were more effective than those in previous study in suppressing disease and promoting growth, which have the potential to be further applied in the field.
The minimality of determinantal varieties
Authors: Bordemann Martin , Choe Jaigyoung , Hoppe Jens 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The determinantal variety

Σ

p
⁢
q

{\Sigma_{pq}}

is defined to be the set of all

p
×
q

{p\times q}

real matrices with

p
≥
q

{p\geq q}

whose ranks are strictly smaller than q. It is proved that

Σ

p
⁢
q

{\Sigma_{pq}}

is a minimal cone in

ℝ

p
⁢
q

{\mathbb{R}^{pq}}

and all its strata are regular minimal submanifolds.
Die Praxis eines Öko-Islam – Mobilisierungspotentiale islamischer Umweltaktivismen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Tansanias
Authors: Müller Sebastian 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Artikel setzt sich mit Umweltaktivismen im Islam unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Tansanias auseinander. Er bietet sowohl Einblicke in die akademische Forschung als auch einen Überblick über die theologischen Grundlagen und Theorien eines sogenannten Green bzw. Öko-Islam. Anhand von Streiflichtern aus Literatur sowie eigener Forschung in Tansania wird verdeutlicht, wie vornehmlich NGOs für ein entsprechendes Islamverständnis sensibilisieren. Argumentiert wird, dass bisher vielmehr von Potenzialen der Mobilisierung gesprochen werden kann und wird, als dass eine Selbstorganisation zum Schutz der Umwelt im Namen des Islams von großen Bevölkerungsteilen beobachtbar ist.
Effect of H/D ratio and impeller type on power consumption of agitator in continuous stirred tank reactor for nitrocellulose production from cotton linter and nitric acid
Authors: Christwardana Marcelinus , Harvianto Gregorius Rionugroho , Sunandar Kudrat , Novian Willy Dwi , Ramanto Rafi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, the effect of height/diameter (H/D) ratio and type of impeller on the power consumption of the agitator in the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) was analyzed. CSTR in the process of producing nitrocellulose from cotton linters with a production capacity of 10,000 tons/year was used as a case study. In designing a CSTR, power consumption is also considered because it is related to techno-economics. The results show that it is necessary to adjust the amount of impeller related to the H/D ratio value because it can affect the level of liquid in the reactor during the stirring process so that it also affects the reaction conversion. This work shows that with the higher H/D ratio, the greater number of impellers needed and increase the agitator power consumption. For specific applications, the number of impellers (NT) must be increased to meet the minimum power consumption. As the result, this work recommends the optimal H/D ratio for CSTR design is the maximum H/D ratio to get the NT-calculation as close as to the NT-taken while satisfying the minimum power consumption required. The optimal H/D ratio can be different depending on the impeller type and application.
New generalized trapezoidal type integral inequalities with applications
Authors: Kashuri Artion , Farid Ghulam , Set Erhan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Trapezoidal inequalities for functions of diverse nature are useful in numerical computations. The authors have proved an identity for a generalized integral operator via a differentiable function. By applying the established identity, the generalized trapezoidal type integral inequalities have been discovered. It is pointed out that the results of this research provide integral inequalities for almost all fractional integrals discovered in the recent decades. Various special cases have been identified. Some applications of presented results have been analyzed.
Prophylactic intravenous paracetamol use in extremely premature infants for patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Silahli Musa , Gokmen Zeynel , Tekin Mehmet 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Patency of ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a very common problem among extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW). Hemodynamic instability caused by PDA is associated with important morbidities. This study aims to evaluate the effects of prophylactic intravenous paracetamol on the hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA).

Methods
A total of 75 infants of <28 week-gestational age were enrolled into the study which was retrospective. Prophylactic paracetamol as the experimental group and none-prophylaxis group as the control group were compared in the study.

Results
There were 35 subjects in the prophylactic paracetamol group (PPG), and 40 in the control group. Primary outcome measures were ductal closure, ductal diameter, grade 3–4 IVH, and repeated ibuprofen need for the treatment of hsPDA. At the time of the evaluation by echo, hsPDA, and the diameter of the ductus higher than 1 mm were found significantly lower in the PPG (p=0.004 and p=0.013). Additionally, the repeated course of ibuprofen was significantly lower in the PPG (p=0.025). Secondary outcomes were the other perinatal morbidities. According to the results of the study, the male gender is 6.6, and the paracetamol use is 5.5 times more likely to suffer from ROP.

Conclusions
The results of the study indicated that prophylactic paracetamol use in ELBW infants decreases the likelihood of hsPDA. The repeated course of ibuprofen for the treatment of hsPDA can be reduced. Furthermore, it can be understood that while prophylactic use of paracetamol is preventive for intraventricular hemorrhage, it does not function in the same way for retinopathy of prematurity or bronchopulmonary dysplasia. It might even worse the retinopathy of prematurity. Further prospective randomized controlled and larger sample-sized studies are needed.
Phenolic constituents and inhibitory effects of the leaf of Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel on free radicals, cholinergic and monoaminergic enzymes in rat’s brain in vitro
Authors: Oyeniran Olubukola H. , Ademiluyi Adedayo O. , Oboh Ganiyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives

Rauvolfia vomitoria is a medicinal plant used traditionally in Africa in the management of several human diseases including psychosis. However, there is inadequate scientific information on the potency of the phenolic constituents of R. vomitoria leaf in the management of neurodegeneration. Therefore, this study characterized the phenolic constituents and investigated the effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of R. vomitoria leaf on free radicals, Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation, and critical enzymes linked to neurodegeneration in rat’s brain in vitro.

Methods
The polyphenols were evaluated by characterizing phenolic constituents using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The antioxidant properties were assessed through the extracts ability to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+; inhibit ABTS, DPPH, and OH radicals and Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation. The effects of the extracts on AChE and MAO were also evaluated.

Results
The phenolic characterization of R. vomitoria leaf revealed that there were more flavonoids present. Both aqueous and methanolic extracts of R. vomitoria leaf had inhibitory effects with the methanolic extract having higher significant (p≤0.05) free radicals scavenging ability coupled with inhibition of monoamine oxidases. However, there was no significant (p≤0.05) difference obtained in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and cholinesterases.

Conclusion
This study suggests that the rich phenolic constituents of R. vomitoria leaf might contribute to the observed antioxidative and neuroprotective effects. The methanolic extract was more potent than the aqueous extract; therefore, extraction of R. vomitoria leaf with methanol could offer better health-promoting effects in neurodegenerative condition.
Bacterial endosymbiont inhabiting Leucaena leucocephala leaves and their antioxidant and antidiabetic potential
Authors: Chigurupati Sridevi , Vijayabalan Shantini , Selvarajan Kesavanarayanan Krishnan , Alhowail Ahmad , Kauser Fatema 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Research on endosymbionts is emerging globally and is considered as a potential source of bioactive phytochemicals. The present study examines the antioxidant and antidiabetic of the endophytic crude extract isolated from Leucaena leucocephala leaves.

Methods
Endophytic bacteria were isolated from the leaves of L. leucocephala and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to establish their identity. The in vitro antioxidant effect of endophytic crude extract (LL) was evaluated using 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging methods. The in vitro antidiabetic properties of LL were evaluated using α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assay.

Results
The isolated endophytic bacteria were identified as Cronobacter sakazakii. LL displayed potent free radical scavenging effect against ABTS and DPPH radicals with an inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) value of 17.49 ± 0.06 and 11.3 ± 0.1 μg/mL respectively. LL exhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition with an IC50 value of 23.3 ± 0.08 and 23.4 ± 0.1 μg/mL respectively compared to the standard drug (acarbose). Both glucose loaded normoglycemic rats and STZ induced diabetic rats treated with LL (200 mg/kg) exhibited a considerable reduction in blood glucose levels p<0.01 after 8 h of treatment when compared to normal and diabetic control rats respectively.

Conclusions
Thus, the study shows that LL has a wellspring of natural source of antioxidants, and antidiabetic agents and phytoconstituents present in endophytes could be the rich source for bioactive compounds.
Transient benign hyperphosphatasemia due to COVID-19: the first case report
Authors: Erat Tugba , Atar Müge , Kontbay Tugba 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) rapidly spread worldwide in a few months and was declared as a worldwide pandemic by WHO in March 2020. Transient benign hyperphosphatasemia (THI) is a benign condition associated with marked elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) without any other kidney, bone, and liver pathologies.

Case presentation
Herein, we report a previously healthy 16-month-old female patient who developed a secondary transient benign hyperphosphatasemia associated with SARS-CoV-2. Patient whole family’s SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results were positive. Since THI is a diagnosis of exclusion, other reasons that may cause ALP elevation should be ruled out. ALP activity decreased and turned to normal ranges within the following month. THI has been reported to be in association with various conditions. Its relationship with many viruses has been reported previously.

Conclusions
If ALP elevation is detected in patients with COVID 19 due to the increasing number of infections, THI should be considered if there is no other accompanying pathology.
Topic marking in Kusaal and selected Mabia (Gur) languages of West Africa
Authors: Abubakari Hasiyatu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article looks at topic marking strategies in Kusaal and related Mabia (Gur) languages: Dagaare, Buli, Moore, Dabgani, and Gurene, spoken in Ghana, Togo and Ivory Coast. It is generally observed that these languages use left dislocation as a topic coding strategy. They either use topic phrases or particles, which may be obligatory or optional. It is argued that the languages under discussion cannot be fully classified as subject prominent languages alongside other Niger-Congo languages. It is shown that these languages demonstrate features that put them in between subject prominent and topic prominent languages. To identify a topic constituent in these languages, three tests are suggested: the if+be test, the “aboutness test” and the use of left dislocation accompanied by a resumptive pronoun.
Identification of ZG16B as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer
Authors: Lu Haotian , Shi Chunying , Liu Xinyu , Liang Chen , Yang Chaochao , Wan Xueqi , Li Ling , Liu Ying 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Zymogen granule protein 16B (ZG16B) has been identified in various cancers, while so far the association between ZG16B and breast cancer hasn’t been explored. Our aim is to confirm whether it can serve as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. In this study, Oncomine, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), Ualcan, and STRING database analyses were conducted to detect the expression level of ZG16B in breast cancer with different types. Kaplan–Meier plotter was used to analyze the prognosis of patients with high or low expression of ZG16B. We found that ZG16B was significantly upregulated in breast cancer. Moreover, ZG16B was closely associated with foregone biomarkers and crucial factors in breast cancer. In the survival analysis, high expression of ZG16B represents a favorable prognosis in patients. Our work demonstrates the latent capacity of ZG16B to be a biomarker for prognosis of breast cancer.
On the exponential Diophantine equation Px
n
+ P

x

n+1 + ⋯ + P

x

n+k-1 = Pm
Authors: Luca Florian , Tchammou Euloge , Togbé Alain 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we find all the solutions of the title Diophantine equation in positive integers (m, n, k, x), where P

i
is the i

th
term of the Pell sequence.