bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of poly(ε‐caprolactone) composites with electrospun cellulose nanofibers surface modified by 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane
Authors: Inukai Shunya , Kurokawa Naruki , Hotta Atsushi 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTTo enhance the reinforcement effects of regenerated cellulose nanofibers (RC‐NF) in poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), we synthesized RC‐NF‐3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), the surface‐modified RC‐NF by APS. The RC‐NF were fabricated by the saponification of electrospun cellulose–acetate nanofibers. The surface modification by APS was confirmed by the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To enhance the mechanical property of PCL, the RC‐NF and the RC‐NF‐APS were separately compounded into PCL by compression molding. It was found that, when the fiber concentration of RC‐NF‐APS was 17 wt %, the Young's modulus at room temperature increased from 698.0 to 744.7 MPa, whereas the storage modulus at 55 °C almost increased from 180 to 220 MPa. The micrographs of the fracture surface of the composites revealed that the surface modification prevented the pull‐out of RC‐NF from PCL. It was concluded that the mechanical properties of the composites were enhanced due to the improvement of the compatibility between RC‐NF and PCL by the surface modification with APS. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48599.
Comparison of Team‐Based Learning versus Traditional Lectures in Neuroanatomy: Medical Student Knowledge and Satisfaction
Authors: Rezende Alice B. , de Oliveira André G.F. , Vale Thiago C. , Teixeira Luciana A.S. , Lima Alba R.A. , Lucchetti Alessandra L.G. , Lucchetti Giancarlo , Tibiriçá Sandra H.C. , Ezequiel Oscarina S. 
Published: October 2019

Neuroanatomy is often considered a difficult subject to teach, due to its broad scope, multitude of terms, and high degree of complexity. Thus, newer educational strategies that facilitate learning while also stimulating students by allowing increased student autonomy and group discussions should be carefully considered. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of introducing team‐based learning (TBL) in the traditional discipline of neuroanatomy and to measure student knowledge acquisition and perception relative to traditional lectures (TL). A quasi‐experimental, nonrandomized study was performed using two consecutive TBL classes (intervention group,n = 157 students, 25% content using TBL) with a TL class (control group,n = 76). Team‐based learning sessions included all stages according to the classic description of the method. Student knowledge acquisition was assessed in regularly scheduled tests during the discipline, and their perception regarding TBL was evaluated using a questionnaire (developed by the authors). The groups presented a similar sociodemographic profile (sex and age) and the same performance in another anatomy discipline before the study. Team‐based learning was significantly associated with greater acceptance, higher motivation, better student perception, and feelings that the methodology was able to integrate clinical and basic sciences. Nevertheless, according to tests, knowledge acquisition was similar between the TBL and lectures. In conclusion, since TBL is comparable to TL for knowledge acquisition, TBL seems to be a promising strategy to improve the teaching of neuroanatomy in medical schools. It fosters group discussions and increases satisfaction and the perception of integration between clinical and basic sciences.
Network meta-analysis comparing techniques and outcomes of stump closure after distal pancreatectomy
Authors: Ratnayake C B B , Wells C , Hammond J , French J J , Windsor J A , Pandanaboyana S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after distal pancreatectomy remains high, and different pancreatic stump closure techniques have been used to reduce the incidence. A network meta-analysis was undertaken to compare the most frequently performed pancreatic stump closure techniques after distal pancreatectomy and determine the technique associated with the lowest POPF rate.

Methods
A systematic search of the Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase databases was conducted to identify eligible RCTs. The primary outcome was the occurrence of clinically relevant POPF. Secondary outcomes were duration of operation, blood loss, intrabdominal collections, postoperative complications and 30-day mortality.

Results
Sixteen RCTs including 1984 patients and eight different pancreatic stump closure techniques were included in the network meta-analysis. Patch coverage of the pancreatic stump (round ligament or seromuscular patch) after stapler or suture closure ranked best, with the lowest rates of clinically relevant POPF, lowest volume of intraoperative blood loss, fewer intra-abdominal abscesses, and lower rates of overall complications and 30-day mortality. Round ligament patch closure outperformed seromuscular patch closure in preventing clinically relevant POPF with a significantly larger cohort for comparative analysis. Pancreaticoenteric anastomotic closure consistently ranked poorly for most reported postoperative outcomes.

Conclusion
Patch coverage after stapler or suture closure has the lowest POPF rate and best outcomes among stump closure techniques after distal pancreatectomy.
Prognostic role of the length of tumour–vein contact at the portal–superior mesenteric vein in patients having surgery for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Imamura T , Yamamoto Y , Sugiura T , Okamura Y , Ito T , Ashida R , Ohgi K , Todaka A , Fukutomi A , Aramaki T , Uesaka K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The length of tumour–vein contact between the portal–superior mesenteric vein (PV/SMV) and pancreatic head cancer, and its relationship to prognosis in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery, remains controversial.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with pancreatic head cancer who were eligible for pancreatoduodenectomy between October 2002 and December 2016 were analysed. The PV/SMV contact was assessed retrospectively on CT. Using the minimum P value approach based on overall survival after surgery, the optimal cut-off value for tumour–vein contact length was identified.

Results
Among 491 patients included, 462 underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer. PV/SMV contact with the tumour was detected on preoperative CT in 248 patients (53·7 per cent). Overall survival of patients with PV/SMV contact exceeding 20 mm was significantly worse than that of patients with a contact length of 20 mm or less (median survival time (MST) 23·3 versus 39·3 months; P = 0·012). Multivariable analysis identified PV/SMV contact longer than 20 mm as an independent predictor of poor survival, whereas PV/SMV contact greater than 180° was not a predictive factor. Among patients with a PV/SMV contact length exceeding 20 mm on pretreatment CT, those receiving neoadjuvant therapy had significantly better overall survival than patients who had upfront surgery (MST not reached versus 21·6 months; P = 0·002).

Conclusion
The length of PV/SMV contact predicts survival, and may be used to suggest a role for neoadjuvant therapy to improve prognosis.
Metallic Co9S8 Coupled Hollow N‐Doped Carbon Sphere with Synergistic Interface Structure for Efficient Electricity Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Li Si‐Jie , Pan Qiu‐Ren , Xiao Kang , Ouyang Ting , Li Nan , Liu Zhao‐Qing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe high cost, low abundance and poor durability of precious metal catalysts greatly hinder the practical applications of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for bioremediation and bioelectricity generation. It is imperative to develop highly efficient and robust noble metal‐free catalysts for the high power density of MFCs. In this work, we present a scalable and cost‐effective strategy to synthesize Co9S8 nanoparticles coupled with nitrogen‐doped hollow carbon sphere (NHCS), which subtly constructs synergistic interface structures that expose plentiful active sites and afford high conductive channel for charge transfer. The as‐obtained porous Co9S8/NHCS exhibits excellent catalytic activity, and superior stability as well as methanol tolerance during oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process in both alkaline and neutral environment. The MFC device equipped with Co9S8/NHCS as air‐cathode achieves a remarkable power density of 704±22 mW m−2 and outstanding chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate of 96.28 %±0.50 %, which is even superior to the performance of commercial Pt/C catalyst. The favorable results provide a new concept to design and explore porous noble metal‐free electrocatalysts for clean and sustainable energy conversion.
Controlling the Regioselectivity of Fatty Acid Hydroxylation (C10) at α‐ and β‐Position by CYP152A1 (P450Bsβ) Variants
Authors: Hammerer Lucas , Friess Michael , Cerne Jeyson , Fuchs Michael , Steinkellner Georg , Gruber Karl , Vanhessche Koenraad , Plocek Thomas , Winkler Christoph K. , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRegioselective hydroxylation on inactivated C−H bonds is among the dream reactions of organic chemists. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) perform this reaction in general with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity (e. g. for steroids as substrates). Furthermore, enzyme engineering may allow to tune the properties of the enzyme. Regioselective hydroxylation of shorter or linear molecules (fatty acids), however, remains challenging even with this enzyme class, due to the high similarity of the substrate's backbone carbons and their conformational flexibility. CYPs hydroxylating fatty acids selectively in the chemically more distinct α‐ or ω‐ position are well described. In contrast, selective in‐chain hydroxylation of fatty acids lacks precedence. The peroxygenase CYP152A1 (P450Bsβ) is a family member that displays fatty acid hydroxylation at both, the α‐ and β‐position, with preference for the α‐position. Herein we report the influence of hydrophobic active site residues on the hydroxylation pattern of this enzyme. By site directed mutagenesis and combination of the libraries, double and triple mutation variants were identified, which hydroxylated decanoic acid (C10) with improved regio‐selectivity in the β‐position. Variants were identified with a 10‐fold increase of the β‐regioselectivity (expressed as α/β‐ratio) compared to the wild type. In total 103 variants of CYP152A1 (P450Bsβ) were investigated.
A Minireview on Nickel‐Based Heterogeneous Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Li Yuting , Bao Xinghong , Chen Daisong , Wang Zhigang , Dewangan Nikita , Li Mengqiu , Xu Ze , Wang Juan , Kawi Sibudjing , Zhong Qin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNowadays, developing non‐precious electrocatalysts with high performance is of primary significance in a fascinating and scalable water splitting technology for hydrogen production. A number of nickel (Ni)‐based heterogeneous catalysts have been designed and synthesized to lower the overpotentials for large current densities due to low cost and facile synthesis. Herein, recent progress on Ni‐based composites functioning on hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and overall water splitting is summarized. The synthesis strategies, structure design and performance analysis of Ni‐based heterostructured catalysts are thoroughly discussed, aiming to promote the development of highly efficient electrocatalysts that may ultimately replace the noble‐metal based catalysts and bring water splitting into the practical application.
Evaluation of Similarities in Data Points Necessary for Monitoring Biogas Plants
Authors: Meier Karlheinz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAcquiring data from biogas plants can be done by accessing the data stored in the programmable logic controller (PLC) of the biogas plant, which is responsible for issuing control commands to the hardware of the plant. Eight plants of three different manufacturers, with a total of 1370 data points, were analyzed to find similarities which could lead to a reliable but manufacturer‐independent readout of sensor and control values. The expectation was plants of the same vendor being very similar but analysis showed that only minor similarities exist between plants of the same manufacturer. Even less similarities are found when it comes to plants from different manufacturers.
Microgels for the Intensification of Liquid‐Liquid Extraction Processes – Feasibility and Advantages
Authors: Faulde Miriam , Tonn Josia , Jupke Andreas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMicrogels are cross‐linked polymers with a high application potential in liquid‐liquid systems due to their surface activity and switchable stabilization properties. A process concept utilizing microgels in extraction processes is presented. The microgels are located at the drop surface and prevent coalescence, enabling monodisperse operation. At the column top, the stabilization is switched off by temperature shift. The switchable stabilization and the absence of additional mass transfer resistance are crucial requirements for the concept and tested experimentally. The results provide the basis for the model‐based evaluation of the process performance, revealing a broader operating window, capacity increase at equal height equivalent of theoretical stage (HETS) for high loads, and reduced HETS for small loads.
3D Hierarchical NiCo Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheet Arrays Decorated with Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Enhanced Urea Electrocatalysis
Authors: Khalafallah Diab , Xiaoyu Li , Zhi Mingjia , Hong Zhanglian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe electrocatalysis of urea represents an important potential as an efficient technology for sustainable energy development. This anodic reaction generates hydrogen or electrical power through direct electrooxidation of urea molecules, but is greatly inhibited by its slow kinetics. Therefore, tailoring highly efficient, earth‐abundant, and durable electrocatalysts for urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is a fundamental for the enhancement of green energy conversion technologies. Herein, we report a scalable synthetic strategy to construct three‐dimensional (3D) nickel‐cobalt layered double hydroxide nanosheet arrays (NiCo−LDH NSAs) with silver (Ag0) or gold (Au0) and palladium (Pd0) intercalants as high performance catalysts for UOR. Experimental results suggest that the interlayer spacing of multi‐anions LDH NSAs can effectively afford synergetic effects of increased electrochemical surface area, better exposure of catalytically active sites, and favorable adsorption energy of urea molecules. As expected, the deposition of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) could successfully modulate the electronic structure, delivering a rise to significantly improved UOR activity. Specifically, the Au/NiCo−LDH hybrid exhibits a superior electro‐catalytic performance toward urea electrooxidation with a highest current. These findings offer an effective pathway to prepare potential earth‐abundant electrocatalysts for direct urea fuel cells (DUFCs).
Electrochemical Characterization of Nicotinamide Riboside
Authors: Goines Sondrica , Dick Jeffrey E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo improve quality of life, nicotinamide riboside (NR) has become a go‐to supplement to serve as a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH). NAD+ is a cofactor used in various extra‐ and intra‐cellular metabolic pathways by enzymes that maintain physiological functions like vision, hearing, and cognitive behavior. Unfortunately, innate NAD+ levels decline over time giving rise to a need for NAD+ boosters like NR to fight age‐related diseases. To better understand redox pathways of NR in biological systems, we chose to study the electrochemistry of NR. Here, we electrochemically characterize NR in aqueous solutions using voltammetry, amperometry, bulk electrolysis, and mass spectrometry. We found the reduction of NR (Ep,c=−1.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl) is a diffusion‐controlled reaction and calculated a diffusion coefficient of 4.6
0.1×10−6 cm2 ⋅ s−1. Square wave voltammetry indicated NR is reduced by one electron, and cyclic voltammetry suggested a major kinetic product, oxidizable at Ep,a=+0.15 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Bulk electrolysis confirmed the species at +0.15 V vs. Ag/AgCl was a kinetic product, and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry of the bulk electrolysis products revealed the thermodynamic product was a dimer (NR2). Finally, we studied the reduction of NR in whole cell lysate, which is shown to differ markedly from simple buffer solutions.
Entwicklung neuer Strukturen
Authors: Schmidt Kilian , Rippberger Sigfried , Poss Stefan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNeue Herausforderungen bestimmen die Entwicklung angepasster poröser Medien. Das virtuelle Entwerfen und Testen von porösen Medien kann helfen, die Entwicklungszeiten zu verkürzen und Kosten bei der Auswahl oder Entwicklung neuer Strukturen zu sparen.
Kapillarfluss‐Porometer
Authors: Schönfeld Fabian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDie Anwendungsgebiete poröser Materialien haben sich in den vergangenen Jahren und Jahrzehnten stark vergrößert und werden dies auch in Zukunft tun. Dabei wird das gezielte Erzeugen spezifischer Oberflächen und Porensysteme eine immer größere Rolle spielen, um die eingesetzten Materialien für spezifische Anwendungen zu designen. Entsprechend wichtig sind analytische Methoden und Geräte, um die erzeugten Materialien auf ihre Eignung hin zu untersuchen.
Is screening for psychosocial risk factors associated with mental health care in older adults with cancer undergoing surgery?
Authors: Trevino Kelly M. , Nelson Christian J. , Saracino Rebecca M. , Korc‐Grodzicki Beatriz , Sarraf Saman , Shahrokni Armin 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundSurgery is a notable stressor for older adults with cancer, who often are medically and psychosocially complex. The current study examined rates of preoperative psychosocial risk factors in older adults with cancer who were undergoing elective surgery and the relationship between these risk factors and the provision of mental health services during the postoperative hospitalization.MethodsA total of 1211 patients aged ≥75 years who were referred to the geriatrics service at a comprehensive cancer center were enrolled. Patients underwent elective surgery with a length of stay of ≥3 days and were followed for at least 30 days after surgery. A comprehensive geriatric assessment was administered as part of routine preoperative care. Bivariate relationships between demographic and surgical characteristics and the preoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment and the receipt of mental health services during the postoperative hospitalization period were examined. Characteristics with bivariate relationships that were significant at the level of P < .10 were entered into a multivariable regression predicting postoperative mental health service use.ResultsApproximately one‐fifth of the total sample (20.6%) received postoperative mental health services. In multivariable analyses, high distress (P = .007) and poor social support (P = .02) were found to be associated with a greater likelihood of the receipt of mental health services. Of those patients with high distress and poor social support, only approximately one‐quarter (24.6%‐25.5%) received mental health care.ConclusionsDistressed older adults and those with low levels of support preoperatively were found to be more likely to receive mental health services after surgery. Nevertheless, less than one‐third of these patients received inpatient postoperative mental health care, indicating that barriers to translating screening into the provision of psychosocial services remain.
Barriers and facilitators of risk‐based health care for adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Ford Jennifer S. , Tonorezos Emily S. , Mertens Ann C. , Hudson Melissa M. , Casillas Jacqueline , Foster Barbara M. , Moskowitz Chaya S. , Smith Stephanie M. , Chou Joanne F. , Buchanan George , Robison Leslie L. , Oeffinger Kevin C. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundOptimal risk‐based survivor health care includes surveillance for late effects and education targeted at reducing or preventing risky health behaviors. Understanding the reasons for a lack of risk‐based follow‐up care is essential.MethodsAdult participants from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study were surveyed about having a cancer‐related visit in the past 2 years and the likelihood of having a cancer‐related visit in the future. Additional factors thought to be related to the primary outcomes were also assessed.ResultsNine hundred seventy‐five survivors completed the survey. Twenty‐seven percent (95% confidence interval [CI], 24%‐30%) had a cancer‐related medical visit in the previous 2 years, and 41% (95% CI, 38%‐44%) planned to have such a visit within the next 2 years. The likelihood of having had a cancer‐related visit within the last 2 years was higher among survivors assigning greater importance to these visits (relative risk [RR], 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1‐1.3), perceiving greater susceptibility to health problems (RR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1‐1.3), having a moderate to life‐threatening chronic health problem related to their cancer (RR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.7‐2.7), seeing a primary care provider for a cancer‐related problem (RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0‐1.6), having a cancer treatment summary (RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0‐1.6), and endorsing greater confidence in physicians' abilities to address questions and concerns (RR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0‐1.3).ConclusionsEducational interventions improving awareness of treatment history and susceptibility to cancer‐related late effects and corresponding risk‐based care are likely to be beneficial for survivors of childhood cancers.
Sensory cutaneous papillae in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.): II. Ontogeny and immunocytochemical characterization of solitary chemosensory cells
Authors: Suntres Tina E. , Daghfous Gheylen , Ananvoranich Sirinart , Dubuc Réjean , Zielinski Barbara S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSolitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) and their innervating fibers are located in the respiratory system of many vertebrates, including papillae on lamprey gill pores. In order to gain stronger insight for the role of these chemosensory cells, we examined immunocytochemical and innervation characteristics, as well as abundance at the different stages of the lamprey life cycle. The SCCs were distinguished from the surrounding epithelial cells by calretinin and phospholipase C140 immunoreactivity. Nerve fibers extended into the gill pore papillae, as far as the SCCs and serotonergic fibers extended from the underlying dermis into the papillar base. Gill pore papillae were absent and SCCs were sparse during the larval stage and in newly transformed lamprey. Few SCCs were located on small nub‐like papillae during the parasitic juvenile stage, but SCCs were abundant on prominent papillae in migrating and in spawning adults. These findings show similarities between the SCCs in lampreys and other vertebrates and suggest that gill SCC function may be important during the feeding juvenile and the adult stages of the lamprey life cycle.