bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Master Sculptor at Work: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection Uniquely Modifies Mitochondrial Proteolysis during Its Control of Human Cell Death
Authors: Marshall Natalie C. , Thejoe Maichael , Klein Theo , Serapio-Palacios Antonio , Santos Andrew S. , von Krosigk Niklas , Kizhakkedathu Jayachandran N. , Stoynov Nikolay , Foster Leonard J. , Overall Christopher M. , Finlay B. Brett 
Published: June 2020

To our knowledge, this is the first study of the mitochondrial proteome or N-terminome during bacterial infection. Identified cleavage sites that had not been previously reported in the mitochondrial N-terminome and that were not generated in canonical apoptosis revealed a pathogen-specific strategy to control human cell apoptosis. These data inform new mechanisms of virulence factors targeting mitochondria and apoptosis during infection and highlight how enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(EPEC) manipulates human cell death pathways during infection, including candidate substrates of an EPEC protease within mitochondria. This understanding informs the development of new antivirulence strategies against the many human pathogens that target mitochondria during infection. Therefore,
m
itochondrial
s
table isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture-
t
erminal
a
mine
i
sotopic
l
abeling of
s
ubstrates (MS-TAILS) is useful for studying other pathogens targeting human cell compartments.
Lower complication rates associated with transradial versus transfemoral flow diverting stent placement
Authors: Li Yangchun , Chen Stephanie H , Spiotta Alejandro M , Jabbour Pascal , Levitt Michael R , Kan Peter , Griessenauer Christoph J , Arthur Adam S , Osbun Joshua W , Park Min S , Chalouhi Nohra , Sweid Ahmad , Wolfe Stacey Q , Fargen Kyle M , Dumont Aaron S , Dumont Travis M , Brunet Marie-Christine , Sur Samir , Luther Evan , Strickland Allison , Yavagal Dileep R , Peterson Eric C , Schirmer Clemens M , Goren Oded , Dalal Shamsher , Weiner Gregory , Rosengart Axel , Raper Daniel , Chen Ching-Jen , Amenta Peter , Scullen Tyler , Kelly Cory Michael , Young Christopher , Nahhas Michael , Almallouhi Eyad , Gunasekaran Arunprasad , Pai Suhas , Lanzino Giuseppe , Brinjikji Waleed , Abbasi Mehdi , Dornbos III David , Goyal Nitin , Peterson Jeremy , El-Ghanem Mohammad H , Starke Robert M 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundCurrently, there are no large-scale studies in the neurointerventional literature comparing safety between transradial (TRA) and transfemoral (TFA) approaches for flow diversion procedures. This study aims to assess complication rates in a large multicenter registry for TRA versus TFA flow diversion.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed flow diversion cases for cerebral aneurysms from 14 institutions from 2010 to 2019. Pooled analysis of proportions was calculated using weighted analysis with 95% CI to account for results from multiple centers. Access site complication rate and overall complication rate were compared between the two approaches.ResultsA total of 2,285 patients who underwent flow diversion were analyzed, with 134 (5.86%) treated with TRA and 2151 (94.14%) via TFA. The two groups shared similar patient and aneurysm characteristics. Crossover from TRA to TFA was documented in 12 (8.63%) patients. There were no access site complications in the TRA group. There was a significantly higher access site complication rate in the TFA cohort as compared with TRA (2.48%, 95% CI 2.40% to 2.57%, vs 0%; p=0.039). One death resulted from a femoral access site complication. The overall complications rate was also higher in the TFA group (9.02%, 95% CI 8.15% to 9.89%) compared with the TRA group (3.73%, 95% CI 3.13% to 4.28%; p=0.035).ConclusionTRA may be a safer approach for flow diversion to treat cerebral aneurysms at a wide range of locations. Both access site complication rate and overall complication rate were lower for TRA flow diversion compared with TFA in this large series.
Spatio-temporal network modelling and analysis of global strong earthquakes (M
w
≥ 6.0)
Authors: Liu Gang , Fan Qinjin , Li Weile , Scaringi Gianvito , Long Yujie , He Jing , Li Zheng 
Published: June 2020

We employ a spatio-temporal network modelling approach to identify possible relations between strong earthquakes and spatial regions worldwide. A global strong earthquake dataset containing 7736 events (M
w
≥ 6.0) from 1964 to 2018 is used. Statistical results identify power-law relationships and heavy tail phenomena in the spatial patterns of strong earthquakes. The interactions between regions follow the same law, with a few regions that may be hit by successive strong earthquakes with high probability. Also, we find that the interconnections between regions are mainly related to the succession of events in time, whereas the distribution of events is extremely inhomogeneous in space. This study provides a research prototype for the spatio-temporal analysis of global strong earthquakes, laying a foundation for obtaining insights into the network modelling approach for global strong earthquakes.
Enhanced Interactive 360° Viewing via Automatic Guidance
Authors: Cha Seunghoon , Lee Jungjin , Jeong Seunghwa , Kim Younghui , Noh Junyong 
Published: June 2020

We present a new interactive playback method to enhance 360° viewing experiences. Our method automatically rotates the virtual camera of a 360° panoramic video (360° video) player during interactive viewing to guide the viewer through the most important regions of the video. With this method, the viewer can watch a 360° video with minimum efforts to find important events in a scene both in interactive (e.g., HMD) and less-interactive (e.g., PC and TV) viewing environments. To estimate the importance of each viewing direction, we combine spatial and temporal saliency with cluster-based weighting. A maximum backward cumulative importance volume (MBCIV) is then constructed by accumulating this importance in the video space. During playback, which uses a forward tracing scheme through the MBCIV, the initial optimal path is found based on the viewer’s viewing direction. A smooth path is then derived using penalized curve fitting. Finally, the virtual camera is rotated to follow the path. The experiments and user studies demonstrate that our method allows the viewer to effectively enjoy 360° videos with minimum interaction efforts, or even through a non-interactive display.
Mathematical Oncology Comes to the Clinic: A Data-Driven Treatment for Financial Toxicity?
Authors: Triche Timothy J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Over the past two decades, progress in tumor immunology and targeted therapy has reshaped oncology, and in many cases, reshaped the course of once-intractable diseases. Yet the cost of its clinical manifestation has created a disease of its own: “financial toxicity,” the burden of drugs such as imatinib, where a year's supply can easily cost as much as a house. Equally rapid progress in mathematical oncology over this time period has often come in the form of fundamental, rather than applied, advances. However, in new work by Hähnel and colleagues, we can see the outlines of a viable treatment for financial toxicity: precise, dynamic, clinically validated, and immune-aware models, able to accurately identify patients who remain disease-free in the months and years after discontinuing effective, but pricey, targeted therapies.
See related article by Hähnel et al., p. 2394
Immuno-Interception for Patients with High-Risk Cancer
Authors: Umar Asad , Loomans-Kropp Holli A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cancer immune-interception for prevention of recurrence in patients with high-risk familial cancer like Muir–Torre syndrome or Lynch syndrome using immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors is a promising approach. Albeit, as described in a case report by Pollak and colleagues in the April 2020 issue of Cancer Prevention Research, it has the potential to be used as immune-interceptive with alternative dosing regimens for cancers with microsatellite instability. The combination of additional cancer preventive and immunopreventive approaches, such as vaccines and minimal dose of immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors, is another unexplored modality for cancer interception in high-risk individuals.
Are Higher Operator Volumes for Unprotected Left Main Stem Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Associated With Improved Patient Outcomes?
Authors: Kinnaird Tim , Gallagher Sean , Anderson Richard , Sharp Andrew , Farooq Vasim , Ludman Peter , Copt Samuel , Curzen Nick , Banning Adrian , Mamas Mamas 
Published: June 2020

Background:
The relationship between operator volume and survival after unprotected left main stem percutaneous coronary intervention (uLMS-PCI) is poorly defined.

Methods:
Data from the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society national PCI database were analyzed for all uLMS-PCI procedures performed in England and Wales between 2012 and 2014 and 4 quartiles of annualized uLMS-PCI volume (Q1–Q4) generated. Individual logistic regressions were performed for 12-month mortality to quantify the independent association between operator quartile and outcomes.

Results:

In total, 6724 uLMS-PCI procedures were analyzed with a negatively skewed distribution and an annualized median of 3 procedures per year. Operator volume ranged from 1 to 54 uLMS-PCI procedures/year. Within Q1, 347 operators performed a median of 2 procedures/year (interquartile range, 1–3); in Q2, 134 operators performed a median of 5 procedures/year (interquartile range, 4–6); in Q3, 59 operators performed a mean of 10 procedures/year (interquartile range, 8–12); and in Q4, 29 operators performed a mean of 21 procedures/year (interquartile range, 17–29). Higher volume operators undertook uLMS-PCI in patients with greater comorbid burden and performed more complex procedures compared with lower operator volumes. Adjusted in-hospital survival (odds ratio, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.24–0.67];
P
<0.001), in-hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (odds ratio, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.27–0.62];
P
<0.001), and 12-month survival (odds ratio, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.39–0.73];
P
<0.001) were lower in Q4 operators compared with Q1 operators. A close association between operator volume/case and superior 12-month survival was observed (
P
<0.001). The lower volume threshold of minimum operator uLMS-PCI volume associated with improved survival was ≥16 cases/year.

Conclusions:
These data suggest that operator volume is an important factor in determining outcome after uLMS-PCI.
Prior Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery and Outcome After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: An Observational Study From the Pan‐London Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Registry
Authors: Rathod Krishnaraj S. , Beirne Anne‐Marie , Bogle Richard , Firoozi Sam , Lim Pitt , Hill Jonathan , Dalby Miles C. , Jain Ajay K. , Malik Iqbal S. , Mathur Anthony , Kalra Sundeep Singh , DeSilva Ranil , Redwood Simon , MacCarthy Philip A. , Wragg Andrew , Smith Elliot J. , Jones Daniel A. 
Published: June 2020

Background

Limited information exists regarding procedural success and clinical outcomes in patients with previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (
PCI
). We sought to compare outcomes in patients undergoing
PCI
with or without
CABG
.

Methods and Results

This was an observational cohort study of 123 780 consecutive
PCI
procedures from the Pan‐London (
UK
)
PCI
registry from 2005 to 2015. The primary end point was all‐cause mortality at a median follow‐up of 3.0 years (interquartile range, 1.2–4.6 years). A total of 12 641(10.2%) patients had a history of previous
CABG
, of whom 29.3% (n=3703) underwent
PCI
to native vessels and 70.7% (n=8938) to bypass grafts. There were significant differences in the demographic, clinical, and procedural characteristics of these groups. The risk of mortality during follow‐up was significantly higher in patients with prior
CABG
(23.2%;
P
=0.0005) compared with patients with no prior
CABG
(12.1%) and was seen for patients who underwent either native vessel (20.1%) or bypass graft
PCI
(24.2%;
P
<0.0001). However, after adjustment for baseline characteristics, there was no significant difference in outcomes seen between the groups when
PCI
was performed in native vessels in patients with previous
CABG
(hazard ratio [HR],1.02; 95%
CI,
0.77–1.34;
P
=0.89), but a significantly higher mortality was seen among patients with
PCI
to bypass grafts (HR,1.33; 95%
CI,
1.03–1.71;
P
=0.026). This was seen after multivariate adjustment and propensity matching.

Conclusions

Patients with prior
CABG
were older with greater comorbidities and more complex procedural characteristics, but after adjustment for these differences, the clinical outcomes were similar to the patients undergoing
PCI
without prior
CABG
. In these patients, native‐vessel
PCI
was associated with better outcomes compared with the treatment of vein grafts.
Dynamic Effect of Last Glacial Maximum Ice Sheet Topography on the East Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Gao Yu , Liu Zhengyu , Lu Zhengyao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe effect of ice sheet topography on the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) during the Last Glacial Maximum is studied using CCSM3 in a hierarchy of model configurations. It is found that receding ice sheets result in a weakened EASM, with the reduced ice sheet thickness playing a major role. The lower ice sheet topography weakens the EASM through shifting the position of the midlatitude jet, and through altering Northern Hemisphere stationary waves. In the jet shifting mechanism, the lowering of ice sheets shifts the westerly jet northward and decreases the westerly jet over the subtropics in summer, which reduces the advection of dry enthalpy and in turn precipitation over the EASM region. In the stationary wave mechanism, the lowering of ice sheets induces an anomalous stationary wave train along the westerly waveguide that propagates into the EASM region, generating an equivalent-barotropic low response; this leads to reduced lower-tropospheric southerlies, which in turn reduces the dry enthalpy advection into East Asia, and hence the EASM precipitation.
Fingerprints for Early Detection of Changes in the AMOC
Authors: Jackson L. C. , Wood R. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDifferent strategies have been proposed in previous studies for monitoring the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). As well as arrays to directly monitor the AMOC strength, various fingerprints have been suggested to represent an aspect of the AMOC based on properties such as temperature and density. The additional value of fingerprints potentially includes the ability to detect a change earlier than a change in the AMOC itself, the ability to extend a time series back into the past, and the ability to detect crossing a threshold. In this study we select metrics that have been proposed as fingerprints in previous studies and evaluate their ability to detect AMOC changes in a number of scenarios (internal variability, weakening from increased greenhouse gases, weakening from hosing and hysteresis) in the eddy-permitting coupled climate model HadGEM3-GC2. We find that the metrics that perform best are the temperature metrics based on large-scale differences, the large-scale meridional density gradient, and the vertical density difference in the Labrador Sea. The best metric for monitoring the AMOC depends somewhat on the processes driving the change. Hence the best strategy would be to consider multiple fingerprints to provide early detection of all likely AMOC changes.
A Physically Based Multisensor Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Approach for Gap-Filling Radar Coverage
Authors: Martinaitis Steven M. , Osborne Andrew P. , Simpson Micheal J. , Zhang Jian , Howard Kenneth W. , Cocks Stephen B. , Arthur Ami , Langston Carrie , Kaney Brian T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWeather radars and gauge observations are the primary observations to determine the coverage and magnitude of precipitation; however, radar and gauge networks have significant coverage gaps, which can underrepresent or even miss the occurrence of precipitation. This is especially noticeable in mountainous regions and in shallow precipitation regimes. The following study presents a methodology to improve spatial representations of precipitation by seamlessly blending multiple precipitation sources within the Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system. A high spatiotemporal resolution multisensor merged quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) product (MSQPE) is generated by using gauge-corrected radar QPE as a primary precipitation source with a combination of hourly gauge observations, monthly precipitation climatologies, numerical weather prediction short-term precipitation forecasts, and satellite observations to use in areas of insufficient radar coverage. The merging of the precipitation sources is dependent upon radar coverage based on an updated MRMS radar quality index, surface and atmospheric conditions, topography, gauge locations, and precipitation values. Evaluations of the MSQPE product over the western United States resulted in improved statistical measures over its individual input precipitation sources, particularly the locally gauge-corrected radar QPE. The MSQPE scheme demonstrated its ability to sufficiently fill in areas where radar alone failed to detect precipitation due to significant beam blockage or poor coverage while minimizing the generation of false precipitation and underestimation biases that resulted from radar overshooting precipitation.
Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presentation and Outcome: A National Perspective
Authors: Al-Qurayshi Zaid , Smith Ryan , Walsh Jarrett E. 
Published: June 2020

Background: examine presentation and outcomes of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods: A retrospective study utilizing the National Cancer Database, 2004 to 2015. The study population included adult patients diagnosed with primary sinonasal SCC. Results: A total of 537 patients were included. The mean age of the study population was 62.6 ± 12.7 years. The median follow-up time was 35.6 months (interquartile range: 8.6-55.9). The histological variants identified are: (i) 66.7% keratinizing SCC, (ii) 21.6% non-keratinizing SCC, (iii) 8.0% papillary SCC, and (iv) 3.7% spindle cell carcinoma. Stage at presentation was: (i) 33.3% T1-2, N0, (ii) 31.8% T3-4a, N0, (iii) 13.8% T1-4a, N+, (iv) 17.0% T4b,N0-3, (v) 4.1% M1. Human papilloma virus (HPV) status was available for 96 patients and tested positive in 24 (25.0%) patients. By histological variants, 5-year survival was lowest for spindle cell carcinoma (40.0%), and highest for papillary SCC (70.1%). HPV negative tumors had a 5-year survival of 26.4%, while HPV positive tumors had a 5-year survival of 57.1% ( P = <.001). Of the 255 patients with T1-4a, N0-3, M0 who had surgery of the primary site, 31 (12.2%) patients underwent endoscopic approach. The risk of positive postsurgical margins was not significantly different comparing endoscopic to open approach (23.8% vs 24.1%, P >.99). Conclusions: Sinonasal SCC could present at advanced stages in two-thirds of the population and exhibit a variety of histological subtypes. Like other sites of head and neck, HPV positive tumors are associated with a favorable prognosis. Endoscopic approach is comparable to open approach in terms of post-surgical margins.
On Martyrdom, Suicide, and Christian Bioethics
Authors: Schimmoeller Ethan M. 
Published: June 2020

Christ has fashioned a remedy for the human condition out of mortality, making death the paradoxical means of salvation. Thus, the early Church saw martyrdom as the best kind of death, epitomized in the story of St. Ignatius of Antioch. He saw his death in Christ to be a birth into eternal life. Yet martyrdom and suicide can be conflated under crafty definitions and novel terminology, leading inevitably to calls to soften prohibitions against physician-assisted suicide. Whereas martyrdom locates death within the Christian lived experience of the Paschal mystery, suicide transfers the sovereignty of God over life and death to the individual, necessarily denying the goodness of creation in the process. I point to a liturgical foundation for bioethics as a better starting point for understanding martyrdom and suicide. Entering Christ’s sacrifice, Christians receive divine life and new vision to locate suffering, death, and health care within the Christian salvation narrative. Summary: Confusing martyrdom and suicide locates ethics outside the Church by bending language around the 5th commandment. St. Ignatius of Antioch's martyrdom clarifies the role of the Christian bioethicist to situate health care in the Church's life-giving liturgical experience.
Incidence of Lower Extremity Injury in the National Football League: 2015 to 2018
Authors: Mack Christina D. , Kent Richard W. , Coughlin Michael J. , Shiue Kristin Y. , Weiss Leigh J. , Jastifer James R. , Wojtys Edward M. , Anderson Robert B. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Lower extremity injuries are the most common injuries in professional sports and carry a high burden to players and teams in the National Football League (NFL). Injury prevention strategies can be refined by a foundational understanding of the occurrence and effect of these injuries on NFL players. Purpose: To determine the incidence of specific lower extremity injuries sustained by NFL players across 4 NFL seasons. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: This retrospective, observational study included all time-loss lower extremity injuries that occurred during football-related activities during the 2015 through 2018 seasons. Injury data were collected prospectively through a leaguewide electronic health record (EHR) system and linked with NFL game statistics and player participation to calculate injury incidence per season and per 10,000 player-plays for lower extremity injuries overall and for specific injuries. Days lost due to injury were estimated through 2018 for injuries occurring in the 2015 to 2017 seasons. Results: An average of 2006 time-loss lower extremity injuries were reported each season over this 4-year study, representing a 1-season risk of 41% for an NFL player. Incidence was stable from 2015 to 2018, with an estimated total missed time burden each NFL season of approximately 56,700 player-days lost. Most (58.7%) of these injuries occurred during games, with an overall higher rate of injuries observed in preseason compared with regular season (11.5 vs 9.4 injuries per 10,000 player-plays in games). The knee was the most commonly injured lower extremity region (29.3% of lower body injuries), followed by the ankle (22.4%), thigh (17.2%), and foot (9.1%). Hamstring strains were the most common lower extremity injury, followed by lateral ankle sprains, adductor strains, high ankle sprains, and medial collateral ligament tears. Conclusion: Lower extremity injuries affect a high number of NFL players, and the incidence did not decrease over the 4 seasons studied. Prevention and rehabilitation protocols for these injuries should continue to be prioritized.