bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enumeration of probiotic strains from synbiotic samples produced by Myternak Trading
Authors: Gnanasekaran S. , Ahmad N. , Shaarani S.H.N , Mohd Sueb M. S. , Jamek S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Natural defense mechanisms of animals by using probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have been seen as an alternative way to improve animal health and to overcome the food-borne diseases among the livestock. This is as the previous use of antibiotics as the growth promoter in the poultry industry has been banned by the European Union. Synbiotic is a combination of probiotics and prebiotics where probiotics are live microorganisms that give a gainful medical advantage on the host whereas prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that influence the host by stimulating the development and the action of a set number of microscopic organisms in the colon. This study was conducted to assess the viability of probiotic strains in the synbiotic powder samples from Myternak Trading as well as to see the correlation between the viability of probiotic strains with the amount of its selective prebiotics. Two different types of prebiotics; fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin with seven different compositions of prebiotics had been used in this study. The viability of probiotic strains in synbiotic powder samples were assessed by enumeration of probiotic strains in two different selective media which are TOS and MRS agar. The highest average colony forming units (CFU) for Bifidobacterium sp. can be found in Batch 7 samples (4.10 χ 1011 CFU/ml ) as the volume of FOS is the highest, which is 0.5 mL. While the highest CFU for Lactobacillus sp.can be found in Batch 1 samples (5.560 χ 1011CFU/ml) as the weight of inulin is the highest, which is 5.0 g. These results proved the effects of prebiotic compositions in synbiotics towards the viability of the probiotic strains.. The viable counts of each probiotic strains that contain in the synbiotic powder sample significantly decreases as the amount of selective prebiotic decreases. Therefore, the maximum CFU obtained as the composition of prebiotic increases. Hence it can be concluded that the produced synbiotic powder samples by MyTernak Trading could be used as an alternative feed additive in boosting the livestock health due to the viability of both probiotic strains which are Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp in the synbiotic samples.
Trace element concentrations in fine sediment and linkages to non-point pollution source: Lower Johor river basin
Authors: Mazilamani L S , Annammala K V , Nainar A , Najib M Z M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Johor Strait is an economically important freshwater system in the southern portion of Peninsular Malaysia. In past decades, Johor has been experiencing rapid developments especially in industrialisation, urbanisation and agricultural activities which have impacted the quality of Johor river. This study focused on identifying the intensity and degree of sediment contamination by trace elements from different anthropogenic sources using the multiple Risk Indexes. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to detect trace element concentrations from nine sampling stations. The overall ranges for metals are 0.35-4.25, 505.86-1864.56, below detection limit (BDL)-5.37, 0.02-0.07, 0.02-0.17, 0.59-2.05, BDL-5.35, 247.07-1010.23, 0.71-9.62, 1.08-5.68 and 10.87-21.15 mg/kg for Ag, Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn respectively. The mean concentrations of trace elements follow the order: Al > Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Ni > Ag > Cr > As > Co > Cd. In this study, high concentrations of most elements (Al, As, Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, and Ni) were recorded at SS5 as the station is located near the Kota Tinggi city. Comparison with the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) portrayed that concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn were below the Threshold Effects Level (TEL), Severity Effects Level (SEL), Probable Effects level (PEL) values in all sampling stations. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) that ranged between 0.151 and 0.389 (PL1 < 1) indicates that the Johor river sediments are free of trace element contamination. Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), and Potential Ecological Risk Factor (Er) were in the range of 3.018-11.823 (RI < 150) and 0.103-7.141 (Er <40) respectively, which indicate that trace elements in Johor river pose no adverse effects on aquatic biota. The Pearson’s correlation matrix showed a good positive correlation between Al and As (0.546), Co (0.595), Fe (0.440), Mn (0.770), and Ni (0.496), representing similar sources of pollution. The cluster analysis indicates that Al, Mn, As, Ni, Fe, Cd, and Co originated from natural processes while Cr, C, Ag, and Zn are mainly from anthropogenic sources. Suggesting that man-made activities are accelerating sedimentation rate and washing down the pollutants together to the adjacent water bodies. Tracing the origin of the elements and planning for target mitigation to reduce further deterioration to the receiving river system could be the next mode of action.
Evaluation of natural zeolite as adsorbent material for the recovery of nutrients from manure wastewater
Authors: Tran Thanh , Anh Hong Le Thi , Le Duc Anh , Tuong Luong Quang , Thao Do Thi , Loc Ho Huu , Tan Lam Van 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Recovery of nutrients from the manure wastewater has a potential for cost saving in the treatment process. Utilizing the recovered nutrients help reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer in an agriculture. The objective of this research is recovering nutrients from pig farm wastewater via the adsorption of various zeolite and this zeolite compound as organic fertilizer in growth of Green mustard. The objective of this research is optimizing the absorption of the total nitrogen and phosphorus of zeolite under various parameters, including the zeolite weight, the adsorption time, Azotobacter addition and the aeration. Results showed that the rate of 30g zeolite with supplementation of 5ml microbial was aerated in 72 hours for the best efficiency. After 21dates of growth, combination of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers mentioned the great products on both height and total harvested weight.
Evaluation and optimization of the coagulation-flocculation process using conventional rice starch in potable water treatment
Authors: Chua S-C , Chong F-K , Yen C-H , Ho Y-C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this study, the application of conventional rice starch as coagulant in potable water treatment has been assessed. Rice starch was found to gelatinize at 83 °C for effective flocculation. Besides, respond surface method (RSM) was used to identify the significant factors and to optimize the turbidity reduction in potable water treatment. pH, dosage of starch and settling time were identified as significant factors. To achieve the maximum turbidity reduction (89%), the optimum conditions of the factors are with 9.64 mg/L dosage of starch, 20 min of settling time and pH 3. Interestingly, increase of dosage of starch can reduce up to 20 times of settling time which enhance the feasibility of starch to use in the potable water treatment industry. Validation test was conducted to validate the predicted data from designed model.
Bioelectrochemical cell (BeCC) integrated with granular activated carbon (GAC) in treating spent caustic wastewater: Effects of mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS)
Authors: Fazli N , Mutamim N S A , Ibrahim S A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The study present the feasibility of a bioelectrochemical cell (BeCC) integrated with Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) as the bacterial attachment medium in treating spent caustic wastewater. BeCC is a bioelectrochemical reactor that uses activated sludge for substrate degradation while also capable in energy recovery. Unlike the general MFC configuration, the BeCC reactor is cost effective as it was operated without a proton exchange membrane (PEM). Instead, a baffle is used to reduce the oxygen transfer to the other side of the reactor and the employment of the baffle has divide the reactor into hybrid of anoxic and aerobic conditions. Also, instead of using packed GAC, the BeCC was integrated with 10 g of suspended GAC in order to increase the surface area available for bacteria to attach. The study investigated the best operating MLSS for the system to treat spent caustic wastewater whereby the BeCC was tested at various MLSS of range within 2500 mg/L to 4000 mg/L and its performance in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and sulfide removal as well as it open circuit voltage (OCV) were evaluated throughout 30 days of operation. From the study, the highest COD removal of the system was 95.6% achieved at MLSS of 3500 mg/L whereas the highest sulfide removal was 87.1% achieved at MLSS of 3000 mg/L. The highest OCV was 413.7 mV achieved at MLSS of 3000 mg/L.
Effect of Polyethylene Glycol and Chloride Ions on Local Electrochemical Deposition of Micro Copper Columns
Authors: Qing Qixin , Wang Fuliang , Xiao Yufei , Wang Lin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Local electrochemical deposition (LECD) is a very promising three-dimensional (3D) metal microstructure fabrication method. To fabricate smaller and better micro structures, a 20 μm micro anode and suppressor were used to reduce the diameter of a micro copper column and improve its surface morphology. Micro copper columns were deposited with a copper sulfate electrolyte, with or without polyethylene glycol (PEG) and chloride (Cl−) ions. The morphology and size of all deposited columns were analyzed at the same voltage, and the deposition mechanisms with PEG and Cl− were discussed. Results indicated that the 20 μm micro anode formed a micro copper column of diameter 30-40 μm, and the use of PEG and Cl− further decreased the diameter to 28.1 μm.
Investigation on the Iron Oxide Behaviors in the SiO2-based Slag
Authors: Yu Qingchun , Zhang Jiahao , Chen Jing , Yan Chunpei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Various waste blast furnace slag not only occupies a large amount of land, but also seriously pollutes environment. Preparation of glass-ceramics using the waste blast furnace slag receives more and more attention. In this work, effect of iron oxide behaviour on the crystallization and physical and chemical properties in the SiO2-based slag was studied. Results show that the presence of small amount of iron oxide in slag can promote the crystallization of CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 quaternary basic glass. With the increase of Fe2O3, the crystalline phase content increases, and the glass phase content decreases. Meanwhile, the density of glass-ceramics increases, but the water absorption decreases. Alkali corrosion resistance of glass-ceramics increases with the increase of iron oxide content in range of 0.5 wt. % - 3 wt. %.
Application Status of Chlorophyll-a Determination Method in Seawater
Authors: Zhang Li , Shi Qian , Wang Zhaoyu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
As an important indicator of water eutrophication and water ecological health, the monitoring methods of Chlorophyll-a are being increasingly valued by environmental supervision departments and relevant scientific research institutions. This paper reviews several commonly used monitoring methods, and systematically analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method. It is found that each monitoring method has certain restrictions. Therefore, when the environmental protection department conducts routine monitoring or scientific research institutions conduct long-term tracking monitoring, they should choose the appropriate method according to the different monitoring objects, or even combining different monitoring methods to determine chlorophyll-a, so as to provide reliable data support for water environmental management and scientific research work.
Subsurface Facet-fisheye Induced Failure of Titanium Alloy under Very High Cycle Fatigue
Authors: Li Wei , Li Meng , Xing Xinxin , Gao Ning 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Very high cycle fatigue test under pulsating tension was performed to investigate the subsurface failure mechanism of a titanium alloy. A peculiar region, called “facets cluster zone (FCZ)”, is located at the center of fisheye. The slip-like patterns on facet surface, coalescence of nanoscale cracks and growth of microcracks in the maximum shear stress plane are observable. Combined with the evaluation of stress intensity factors at crack tips, the subsurface failure processes are summarized as: (a) localization of plastic strain, (b) occurrence of slip lines, (c) nucleation of microcracks, (d) coalescence and growth of microcracks, (f) occurrence of the FCZ, (g) formation of fisheye and (i) unstable crack growth until final fracture.
Preparation of MAO Film Layer on LY12 Aluminum Alloy Surface in Sodium Hexametaphosphate Solution
Authors: Wang Bo , Liang Qian , Li Cheng , Bai Dixing , Zuo Fengguang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Aluminum alloy is widely used in power grids to solve the problem of aluminum excess and copper deficiency. The MAO film is prepared by micro-arc oxidation on LY12 aluminum alloy with phosphate electrolyte. The growth rate of film layer in different treatment time is studied and the variation trend of film in growth and outward growth was carried out. Finally, the morphology and composition of the film were tested by SEM and EDS. The results show that the initial growth of micro-arc oxidation is slow, mainly grow outwards, the medium-term rate is accelerated, the later period is slow, and the middle and late stages are mainly grow inwards. Phosphorus in the electrolyte participates in the film reaction.
The Research on Vibration Mode of a Ship Pump Group
Authors: Zhou Binbin , Hou Guoxiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
With the intention of reducing the vibration and noise of a ship pump group, rubber dampers were installed between the motor base and the foundation. The finite element analysis method was used to analysing the influence of the stiffness of the rubber damper on the damping effect. It was found that the rubber shock absorber significantly reduces the low-order modal frequency of the group. When the structure has good symmetry, the frequency of the translational mode is proportional to the square root of the stiffness of the rubber damper in the corresponding direction. And some impedance characteristics of the pump group were obtained by harmonic response analysis, which are beneficial to pick the right rubber damper to avoid the modal resonance frequency.
Research on Fuzzy Logic Algorithm and Analogue Experiment on Active Suspension Control of Vehicle
Authors: Tang Chuanyin , Li Jinghong , Zhang Di , Zhang Hongtie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A seven-degree of freedom whole body model with an active suspension system is described in the paper. First, construction of fuzzy control system is obtained. One fuzzy control discipline is designed. The fuzzy controller for vertical motion, fuzzy controller for pitch motion and roll motion is established. Second, controller for logical operation is designed, and the sketch of the composed fuzzy control system is presented. In addition, simulation analysis is obtained. The simulation results indicate that the ride comfort and the control stability is ameliorated by the proposed controller. Finally, simulation analogue of experiment is gained and the simulation environment of electronically controlled air suspension is constructed.
Application of USB for Communication Verification Device in Theodolite
Authors: Li Xinghong , Zhang Lingling , Lei Yongfeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
It is primary that difficult to verify the data for a long time in the data communication system of present theodolite. So take advantage of CY7C68013 to Designing the data communication verification device and composing the program for the test of the data communication verification. It is profitable to realize the data communication of theodolite and the realtime or later verificate data, and making the debugging more convenient. Meantime realize the high speed transmission.
Effect of Alloy Composition on the Optoelectronic Properties of Hydrogenated Microcrystalline Silicon-Germanium Films Deposited with Various Hydrogen Dilution
Authors: Li T W , Xu Y Q , Wang S Y , Yu Y W , Ma Y , Niu W Y 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon-germanium (μc-Si1-xGex: H) films were fabricated by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The influence of hydrogen dilution on the optoelectronic and crystal structural properties of μc-Si1-xGex: H films were investigated upon alloy composition. Under the relatively low hydrogen dilution condition, the Si atoms of films are easier to crystallize than the Ge atoms, and the dark and photo-conductivity decreased with the Ge concentration because of the reduced crystalline volume fraction of the Si atoms (X

Si-Si
) and the increased Ge dangling bond density. However, under higher hydrogen dilution condition, crystallization of the Si atoms decreased while crystallization of the Ge atoms increased with Ge incorporation, and the optoelectronic properties were strongly influenced by the defect density and crystallization of Ge atoms in films.
Study of rubber/calcium carbonate composites
Authors: Phuhiangpa N , Phongphanphanee S , Smitthipong W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Fillers have been widely used in the rubber industry for many applications such as tile floor, vehicle tire, etc. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is one of the important inorganic powders and it is widely used as filler in order to reduce the cost in rubber industry. The objective of this study is to investigate physical and mechanical properties of the rubber composites with CaCO3 powder. We studied the CaCO3 additive in natural rubber (NR) with 25, 50, 75 and 100 parts per hundred rubber (phr). The effect of CaCO3 on the properties of rubber composite, such as Mooney viscosity, bound rubber, Mullins effect and Payne effect, was investigated. The result of Mullins effect of rubber composite filled with CaCO3 is in good agreement with the result of bound rubber: higher bound rubber leads to higher stress to pull the rubber composites. The Payne effect shows that the value of different storage moduli (ΔG’) of rubber compound filled with 25 phr CaCO3 is the lowest due to weaker filler network. While, the NR supplemented with 100 phr CaCO3 represents more significant ΔG’ with the strain increasing. This type of material could be applied for tailoring the properties of rubber products.
Enhanced interfacial dielectric polarization in PVDF-HFP copolymer with treating PPy by using silane coupling agent
Authors: Salea A , Saputra R , Putson C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Dielectric materials are polar materials for energy storage applications such as capacitors, transformer, and other electrical devices. The great dielectric properties generally depend on easily switchable polarization and higher-order structure in a material. Filler composite in the flexible dielectric polymer is then considered to rearrange polymer chain. However, the filler becomes agglomeration easily at high loading content in polymer, resulting in high energy loss and low electrical breakdown. This work presents the treated Polypyrrole (PPy) filler by 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane for avoiding agglomeration in PVDF-HFP thin film. These 30 μm PVDF-HFP film thickness is fabricated by tape casting method with N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. The distributions of PPy filler on PVDF-HFP are observed by SEM image. Dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and conductivity are analyzed. As a result, the maximum silane content was found on 1 wt% for 1 wt% PPy/PVDF-HFP to maximized dielectric constant and reduce dielectric loss and conductivity. The conductive of PPy filler was lowered by covering with electrical insulating silane, resulting in decreased dielectric loss and conductivity. Then, polymer chain with silane bonding easily polarized under the electric field, resulting in an intensification of dielectric constant around 2.5 times compared with non-silane. Afterward, this dielectric constant clearly decreased when it reached to exceeded silane content as 5-20 wt%. Treated PPy with the suitable silane content in PVDF-HFP performs good dielectric properties for advanced energy storage in this work.
Preparation and ferroelectric properties of poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) filled with graphene-nanoplatelets film composites
Authors: Chaipo S , Putson C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), PVDF-HFP composite films with addition graphene-nanoplatelets (GPN) was prepared by using the tape casting solution method. The obtained composite films were stretched with help from thermal stretching machine at 80 °C with 5 mm/min rate. Dielectric constant and hysteresis loop (PE-loop) between the stretching and non-stretching films at different fillers percentage were compared in this study. Dielectric constant was investigated by the LCR meter. The PE-loop was measured by the ferroelectric polarization loop test system. The experimental results showed that the dielectric constant of all samples increases with increasing fillers content, regardless of frequency. The dielectric constant of stretching composite films was higher than non-stretching composite films. In addition, the PE-loop shapes of the stretching films have slimmer than the non-stretching films regardless of filler content. However, the PE-loop produced the shape to be bigger loop with increasing filler content. The energy efficiency of obtained PVDF-HFP composite films will be discussed on their dielectric constant, dielectric loss, AC conductivity, and polarization performances for electric–capacitor materials applications.
Synthesis of Carbon Dots from the Biomass Products for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Tibodee A , Hirunpinyopas W , Jeamjumnunja K , Sirisaksoontorn W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Biomass-derived CDs were prepared via a green one-step synthetic method. The orange juice biomass was used as a CD precursor. The resulting CDs were mixed with rGO under the hydrothermal condition to prepare rGO/CD composites with the variation of rGO:CD mass ratio. The composites were characterized through both physical and electrochemical methods. Moreover, the capacitive property of rGO/CD composites in 2 M KOH aqueous electrolyte was studied by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements, and electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy. The rGO/CD composite with a 4:1 mass ratio exhibits the high specific capacitance with 184.8 F g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A g-1. The rGO/CD 4:1 composite retains 97.3% of its initial capacitance after 1000 cycles at the current density of 10 A g-1 in 2 M KOH electrolyte solution.