bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multistakeholder evaluation of Lazos Hispanos: An application of a community‐based participatory research conceptual model
Authors: Orpinas Pamela , Matthew Rebecca A. , Bermúdez J. Maria , Alvarez‐Hernandez Luis R. , Calva Alejandra 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe goal of Lazos Hispanos is to enhance the health and well‐being of the Latinx community through promotoras, who connect community members with service providers for multiple health and social needs. A community‐based participatory research conceptual model framed the multimethod evaluation of promotoras, service providers, and community participants at baseline and at the 1‐year follow up. The promotoras increased their self‐efficacy and knowledge, felt a strong sense of commitment to the community, viewed themselves as a bridge between participants and providers, and felt empowered by their new role. Service providers valued the promotoras as their ambassadors in the community and Lazos Hispanos as central to connecting service providers, promotoras, and community members; they noted that this collaboration increased their accountability with the Latinx community. This multistakeholder evaluation highlights the depth of positive changes achieved during the first year and the challenges of a community‐embedded project and the benefits and possibilities of calling upon theoretically informed evaluation models.
Synthesis of imidazole derivatives: Ester and hydrazide compounds with antioxidant activity using ionic liquid as an efficient catalyst
Authors: Abdelhamid Antar A. , Salah Hanan A. , Marzouk Adel A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe pyrrolidinium hydrogen sulfate (PHS) was used as an excellent ionic liquid catalyst for the preparation of many imidazoles moiety, which have biologically application via one‐pot multicomponent reaction. Imidazoles were afforded through the reaction of equimolar from 1,2‐diphenylethane‐1,2‐dione, ammonium acetate, different aromatic aldehydes, and ethyl glycinate hydrochloride. This method has the advantages of giving excellent yield, shortened reaction times, and ease of establishment. Moreover, the yielded of imidazoles components can be purified and crystallized by a nonchromatographic technique, and the catalyst can be reused. These entire novel synthesized components have been identified by spectral data: IR, NMR and mass spectra. These compounds have an in vivo antioxidant activity on experimental animals (rats).
Paris saponin VII enhanced the sensitivity of HepG2/ADR cells to ADR via modulation of PI3K/AKT/MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Tang Gong‐En , Niu Yue‐Xiang , Li Yun , Wu Chao‐Yu , Wang Xiao‐Ying , Zhang Jian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo find the effect of Paris saponin VII (PS VII)‐mediated PI3K/AKT/MAPK signaling pathway on the sensitivity of ADR‐resistant HepG2 cell (HepG2/ADR) cells to ADR. The proliferation inhibitory rates were detected by using MTT assay. Flow cytometry was employed to examine the intracellular accumulation of ADR. The expressions of drug‐resistant genes (P‐gp, MRP and BCRP) were detected by qRT‐PCR, cell apoptosis by Annexin‐V‐FITC/PI staining, and the expressions of drug‐resistance‐related proteins, apoptosis‐related proteins, and PI3K/AKT/MAPK pathway‐related proteins were determined by Western blotting. HepG2/ADR and HepG2 cells treated with PS VII (0.88, 1.32, 1.98, and 2.97 μM) for 48 hours showed increased proliferation inhibitory rate in a dose‐dependent manner. HepG2/ADR cells treated PS VII (0.88, 1.32, 1.98 μM) for 48 hours showed decreased IC50 of ADR. Compared with HepG2/ADR cells treated with ADR (5 nM), those treated with PS VII (≤1.98 μM) and ADR (5 nM) showed enhanced ADR accumulation, decreased drug‐resistant gene expressions, increased cell apoptosis with unregulated Bax and cleaved caspase‐3 and downregulated Bcl‐2, as well as the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/MAPK pathway. Moreover, the combination of ADR (5 nM), PS VII (1.98 μM), and LY294002 (PI3K/AKT inhibitor, 20 μM)/SB203580 (P38 inhibitor, 20 μM) for 48 hours could further decreased the HepG2/ADR cell viability, but induced cell apoptosis, accompanying with the decreased expressions of drug‐resistant genes. PS VII could downregulate the expressions of drug‐resistance genes, increase intracellular accumulation of ADR, promote cell apoptosis, and enhance the sensitivity of HepG2/ADR cells to ADR via PI3K/AKT/MAPK.
Microstructure Induced Rigidity of Polysiloxane Yielding Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Alkyl Side Chains
Authors: Sarkar Alok , Negi Lalit Mohan Singh , Lewis Kenrick M. , Vasimalai Nagamalai , Gowd E. Bhoje , Dasgupta Debarshi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe influence of a backbone microstructure on the side chain crystallization of a comb‐like polymer is analyzed systematically using a tailor‐made random versus block siloxane copolymer system. While the side alkyl chains of the random siloxane undergo a stepwise order–disorder (OD) transition to form well‐ordered orthorhombic structure at low temperature, the packing structure of the alkyl chains pertaining to the block siloxane maintains their original hexagonal lattice up to a temperature of as low as 173 K. The unit lattice ordering of side alkyl chains in the random siloxane polymer is also accompanied by a major restructuring of the backbone conformation ultimately losing out long range ordered structure in the solid state. The OD transitions of side alkyl chains and their dynamic relationship with the backbone conformation are established unambiguously by a combination of temperature dependent small‐angle X‐ray and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering techniques. The observed conformational variations in random versus block polymers are explicitly discussed in terms of molecular chain mobility and theory of macromolecular chain conformation.
A Multifunctional Imidazolium‐Based Silicone Material with Conductivity, Self‐Healing, Fluorescence, and Stretching Sensitivity
Authors: Song Miaomiao , Wang Yuchen , Zhang Lin , Lu Hang , Feng Shengyu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWearable devices have gained substantial interest for a wide range of applications, including biomonitoring and entertainment. They are basically composed of sensors and substrate materials. Recently, silicone materials have been extensively used in wearable devices because of their unique properties. Silicone materials, which possess remarkable insulation, predominantly serve as a substrate instead of a signaling material due to the indispensable electrical conductivity in wearable devices. Herein, a novel kind of silicone material, with both good conductivity and excellent self‐healing efficiency, is designed by introducing imidazolium into the silicone polymer in one step. The free ions afford an ionic conductivity as high as 2.79 × 10−4 S m−1, representing a significant improvement over traditional silicone materials. Because of the good conductivity, the silicone material is sensitive to stretching and can be applied as a flexible sensor. On the other hand, the material exhibits a high healing efficiency, reaching 89% in 6 h, due to the dynamic supramolecular interaction of the ion crosslink sites at the crack surface. Furthermore, the silicone material emits a yellow‐green fluorescence under UV light.
Impact of Changes in the Food, Built, and Socioeconomic Environment on BMI in US Counties, BRFSS 2003‐2012
Authors: Rummo Pasquale E. , Feldman Justin M. , Lopez Priscilla , Lee David , Thorpe Lorna E. , Elbel Brian 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveResearchers have linked geographic disparities in obesity to community‐level characteristics, yet many prior observational studies have ignored temporality and potential for bias.MethodsRepeated cross‐sectional data were used from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) (2003‐2012) to examine the influence of county‐level characteristics (active commuting, unemployment, percentage of limited‐service restaurants and convenience stores) on BMI. Each exposure was calculated using mean values over the 5‐year period prior to BMI measurement; values were standardized; and then variables were decomposed into (1) county means from 2003 to 2012 and (2) county‐mean‐centered values for each year. Cross‐sectional (between‐county) and longitudinal (within‐county) associations were estimated using a random‐effects within‐between model, adjusting for individual characteristics, survey method, and year, with nested random intercepts for county‐years within counties within states.ResultsA negative between‐county association for active commuting (β = −0.19; 95% CI: −0.23 to −0.16) and positive associations for unemployment (β = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.19) and limited‐service restaurants (β = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.14) were observed. An SD increase in active commuting within counties was associated with a 0.51‐kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.72 to −0.31) decrease in BMI over time.ConclusionsThese results suggest that community‐level characteristics play an important role in shaping geographic disparities in BMI between and within communities over time.
Pattern of Biliary Disease Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Adolescents
Authors: Tashiro Jun , Thenappan Arunachalam A. , Nadler Evan P. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveThe use of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has risen steadily as a treatment for adolescents with obesity. This study determined whether obstructive biliary complications after rapid, LSG‐related weight loss occur similarly in adolescents compared with adults.MethodsBetween 2010 and 2019, 309 patients underwent LSG. Demographics and clinical factors, including pre‐ and perioperative BMI and weight changes, were included.ResultsOverall, 21 patients (7%) had post‐LSG biliary disease (BD), of whom 13 presented with acute pancreatitis (AP) and 8 with biliary colic. No differences existed between those with BD (n = 21) and the remaining cohort (n = 288). Patients with BD were 16.3 (SD 2.4) years of age at LSG, with a preoperative BMI of 49.3 (SD 6.7) kg/m2. Preoperative excess BMI loss was 7.1% (SD 11.3%). An ultrasound revealed gallstones (71%) and sludge or crystals (12%). Eighteen patients underwent cholecystectomy between 4 weeks and 29 months after LSG.ConclusionsPediatric patients present with BD at a similar rate after LSG compared with adults. The majority of adolescents, however, manifest with AP. Thus, pancreatitis should be high on the differential diagnosis list when evaluating post‐LSG abdominal symptoms. Additional studies are warranted to elucidate the pathophysiology of post‐LSG AP for prevention in the future because its etiology may or may not be solely related to BD.
Effect of dimethoate in controlling Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) and its distribution in maize by drip irrigation
Authors: Zheng Feng , Jiang Hui , Jia Jinliang , Wang Ruifei , Zhang Zhixiang , Xu Hanhong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMonolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) is a primary pest of maize. The effect of dimethoate on controlling a M. hieroglyphica infestation was studied using drip irrigation. Field trials were conducted to determine the most effective application rate and water volume for dimethoate treatment in arid and semi‐arid regions. The absorption, distribution and dissipation of dimethoate in maize and soil were examined.RESULTSField trials showed that dimethoate at a rate of 2.70 kg a.i. ha−1 and water volume of 200 m3 ha−1 was the most effective treatment for controlling M. hieroglyphica. Dimethoate via drip irrigation showed longer persistence than dimethoate applied via artificial or unmanned air vehicle spraying. Different parts of the maize plant had a hysteresis effect on dimethoate absorption. Dimethoate was absorbed from the roots, transported upward, and enriched in the leaf. Dimethoate was mainly concentrated within a certain range near the emitter after drip irrigation. Terminal residues of dimethoate in maize grain were below detectable levels 42 days after treatment.CONCLUSIONSDimethoate treatment via drip irrigation can control M. hieroglyphica infestation on maize. Results showed that dimethoate is safe for maize and the environment. This study provides guidance for the application of pesticides in arid and semi‐arid areas. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Large‐scale shaking table test on pile‐soil‐structure interaction on soft soils
Authors: Yang Jinping , Li Peizhen , Lu Zheng 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYThe two large‐scale shaking table tests of tall buildings on soft soils in pile group foundations are performed to capture the effect of the seismic pile‐soil‐structure interaction (PSSI) on the dynamic responses of the pile, soil, and structure. The two different model conditions are observed, including a fixed‐base structure and a structure supported by 3‐by‐3 pile group foundation in soft soil, representing the situations excluding the soil‐structure interaction (SSI) and considering the SSI, respectively. In the tests, the superstructure is a tall building with 12‐story reinforced concrete frame. The pile‐soil‐structure system rests in a shear laminar soil container, which is designed to minimize the boundary effects during shaking table tests. The two models are subjected to various intensity seismic excitations of Shanghai bedrock waves, 1995 Kobe earthquake, and 1999 Chi‐Chi earthquake events. According to the experimental and analytical results, SSI systems have longer natural periods than the fixed‐base structure. In addition, soft soil has amplification effect under smaller seismic excitations and isolation effects under larger earthquake intensities. The strain amplitude at the top of pile is large, and the strain at the middle and tip is relatively small. Whereas the contact pressure is small at the top of pile and large at the middle and tip. From the dynamic responses of the superstructure, it is found that the PSSI amplifies the peak displacements and interstory drifts of the structures supported by pile group foundations by comparing with the fixed‐base structure. Whereas the peak acceleration and interstory shear force of the structure are reduced considering seismic PSSI. The results show that the seismic SSI is not always favorable, however, it may increase certain dynamic responses of the structure. Consequently, the seismic SSI should be considered reasonably, providing insight towards the rational seismic design of buildings rested on soft soils.
Identification and QTL mapping of resistance to Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) in oilseed rape, Brassica napus
Authors: Hackenberg Dieter , Asare-Bediako Elvis , Baker Adam , Walley Peter , Jenner Carol , Greer Shannon , Bramham Lawrence , Batley Jacqueline , Edwards David , Delourme Regine , Barker Guy , Teakle Graham , Walsh John 
Published: November 2019

AbstractKey messagePartially dominant resistance to Turnip yellows virus associated with one major QTL was identified in the natural allotetraploid oilseed rape cultivar Yudal.AbstractTurnip yellows virus (TuYV) is transmitted by the peach-potato aphid (Myzus persicae) and causes severe yield losses in commercial oilseed rape crops (Brassica napus). There is currently only one genetic resource for resistance to TuYV available in brassica, which was identified in the re-synthesisedB. napusline ‘R54’. In our study, 27 mostly homozygousB. napusaccessions, either doubled-haploid (DH) or inbred lines, representing a diverse subset of theB. napusgenepool, were screened for TuYV resistance/susceptibility. Partial resistance to TuYV was identified in the Korean spring oilseed rape,B. napusvariety Yudal, whilst the dwarf French winter oilseed rape line Darmor-bzhwas susceptible. QTL mapping using the established Darmor-bzh× Yudal DH mapping population (DYDH) revealed one major QTL explaining 36% and 18% of the phenotypic variation in two independent experiments. A DYDH line was crossed to Yudal, and reciprocal backcross (BC1) populations from the F1with either the susceptible or resistant parent revealed the dominant inheritance of the TuYV resistance. The QTL on ChrA04 was verified in the segregating BC1population. A second minor QTL on ChrC05 was identified in one of the two DYDH experiments, and it was not observed in the BC1population. The TuYV resistance QTL in ‘R54’ is within the QTL interval on Chr A04 of Yudal; however, the markers co-segregating with the ‘R54’ resistance are not conserved in Yudal, suggesting an independent origin of the TuYV resistances. This is the first report of the QTL mapping of TuYV resistance in naturalB. napus.
Plasma cathepsin D activity is negatively associated with hepatic insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese humans
Authors: Ding Lingling , Goossens Gijs H. , Oligschlaeger Yvonne , Houben Tom , Blaak Ellen E. , Shiri-Sverdlov Ronit 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims/hypothesisInsulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver plays a major role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. The hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp is considered the gold standard for assessing peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity, yet it is a costly and labour-intensive procedure.Therefore, easy-to-measure, cost-effective approaches to determine insulin sensitivity are needed to enable organ-specific interventions. Recently, evidence emerged that plasma cathepsin D (CTSD) is associated with insulin sensitivity and hepatic inflammation. Here, we aimed to investigate whether plasma CTSD is associated with hepatic and/or peripheral insulin sensitivity in humans.MethodsAs part of two large clinical trials (one designed to investigate the effects of antibiotics, and the other to investigate polyphenol supplementation, on insulin sensitivity), 94 overweight and obese adults (BMI 25–35 kg/m2) previously underwent a two-step hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp (using [6,6-2H2]glucose) to assess hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity (per cent suppression of endogenous glucose output during the low-insulin-infusion step, and the rate of glucose disappearance during high-insulin infusion [40 mU/(m2× min)], respectively). In this secondary analysis, plasma CTSD levels, CTSD activity and plasma inflammatory cytokines were measured.ResultsPlasma CTSD levels were positively associated with the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-α (IL-8: standardised β = 0.495,p< 0.001; TNF-α: standardised β = 0.264,p= 0.012). Plasma CTSD activity was negatively associated with hepatic insulin sensitivity (standardised β = −0.206,p= 0.043), independent of age, sex, BMI and waist circumference, but it was not associated with peripheral insulin sensitivity. However, plasma IL-8 and TNF-α were not significantly correlated with hepatic insulin sensitivity.Conclusions/interpretationWe demonstrate that plasma CTSD activity, but not systemic inflammation, is inversely related to hepatic insulin sensitivity, suggesting that plasma CTSD activity may be used as a non-invasive marker for hepatic insulin sensitivity in humans.
The influence of weather conditions on bioactive compound content in sorghum grain
Authors: Przybylska-Balcerek Anna , Frankowski Jakub , Stuper-Szablewska Kinga 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSorghum is the fifth most important cereal in the world in terms of the cropped area. It is mainly grown for feeding animals and it is also used in the food industry. Sorghum grain is generally a rich source of antioxidants such as polyphenols and carotenoids. For this reason, it is considered as a good source of bioactive food components and it has health-promoting properties. Sorghum is a gluten-free cereal grown in many regions worldwide, primarily in the tropical and subtropical regions. However, new hybrids and forms of sorghum are capable to produce seeds also in temperate climate. The aim of this study was to conduct the influence of weather conditions on bioactive compound content in sorghum grain. The quantitative analysis of selected bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, and phytosterols, was carried out. The tested material comprised grain of two varieties: ‘Sweet Susana’ and ‘Sweet Caroline’, which have different color of grain: red and white. The research material was obtained from growing seasons 2016–2018. Quantitative analysis of free phenolic acids, total carotenoids, and total phytosterols was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) after prior basic hydrolysis followed by acid. An ultra-efficient liquid chromatograph coupled with an absorption-based detector (UPLC-PDA) was used for these analyses. The results showed the variability of the content of bioactive compounds depending on weather conditions.
Light input pathways to the circadian clock of insects with an emphasis on the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Helfrich-Förster Charlotte 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLight is the most important Zeitgeber for entraining animal activity rhythms to the 24-h day. In all animals, the eyes are the main visual organs that are not only responsible for motion and colour (image) vision, but also transfer light information to the circadian clock in the brain. The way in which light entrains the circadian clock appears, however, variable in different species. As do vertebrates, insects possess extraretinal photoreceptors in addition to their eyes (and ocelli) that are sometimes located close to (underneath) the eyes, but sometimes even in the central brain. These extraretinal photoreceptors contribute to entrainment of their circadian clocks to different degrees. The fruit flyDrosophila melanogasteris special, because it expresses the blue light-sensitive cryptochrome (CRY) directly in its circadian clock neurons, and CRY is usually regarded as the fly’s main circadian photoreceptor. Nevertheless, recent studies show that the retinal and extraretinal eyes transfer light information to almost every clock neuron and that the eyes are similarly important for entraining the fly’s activity rhythm as in other insects, or more generally spoken in other animals. Here, I compare the light input pathways between selected insect species with a focus onDrosophila’sspecial case.
Observationally constrained projection of the reduced intensification of extreme climate events in Central Asia from 0.5 °C less global warming
Authors: Peng Dongdong , Zhou Tianjun , Zhang Lixia , Zhang Wenxia , Chen Xiaolong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Arid Central Asia is highly vulnerable to extreme climate events. Information on potential future changes in extreme climate events in Central Asia is limited. In this study, the performances of models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) in simulating climatological extremes in Central Asia are first evaluated, and a bias correction method is employed to constrain future projections. The responses of extreme climate events over Central Asia to future warming and, in particular, the impact of 1.5 and 2 °C global warming scenarios are then assessed based on the observationally constrained projections. During the twenty-first century, coldest night (TNn), coldest day (TXn), warmest night (TNx), warmest day (TXx), 1-day maximum precipitation (RX1 day), 5-day maximum precipitation (RX5 day), and precipitation intensity (SDII) in Central Asia would robustly increase at best estimated rates of 1.93 °C, 1.71 °C, 1.18 °C, 1.25 °C, 6.30%, 5.71%, and 4.99% per degree of global warming, respectively, under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5. Compared with the 2 °C warming scenario, limiting global warming to 1.5 °C could reduce the intensification (relative to 1986–2005) of TNn, TNx, TXn, TXx, RX1 day, RX5 day, and SDII by 33%, 24%, 32%, 29%, 39%, 42%, and 53% from the best estimates under RCP8.5, respectively. The avoided intensification of TNn, TNx, TXn and TXx (RX1 day and SDII) would be larger (smaller) under RCP4.5. This suggests that a low warming target is necessary for avoiding the dangerous risk of extremes in this arid region.