bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastable and Versatile Layer‐by‐Layer Coating Based on Kinetically Trapped Host–Guest Complexation for Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Libai , Lan Shang , Ma Da 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA highly stable, versatile, and stimuli‐responsive layer‐by‐layer coating is constructed for mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) using kinetically trapped host–guest complexation. The ultraslow dissociation kinetics of host–guest complexation ascertains the stability of supramolecular polymeric coating under the complex physiological condition of blood serum. The coating serves as the gatekeeper for nanovalve with zero premature release and the substrate for surface modification with polyethylene glycol or fluorescent dye via host–guest interaction. Under redox stimuli (glutathione), the nanovalve is opened to release the cargo (doxorubicin). The release rate is tunable depending on coating thickness. Polymer coated MSNs are used for the encapsulation and controlled release of doxorubicin in vitro.
A hemi‐spleen injection model of liver metastasis for prostate cancer
Authors: Simons Brian W. , Dalrymple Susan , Rosen Marc , Zheng Lei , Brennen W. Nathaniel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundLiver metastasis is not uncommon in men with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), estimated at ~20% to 60% of advanced late‐stage patients. Liver and other visceral metastases are associated with worse overall survival. Recent evidence suggests the frequency of visceral metastases may be increasing for reasons that are unclear but may be related to selective pressures induced by modern therapies, including second‐generation antiandrogen receptor signaling inhibitors such as enzalutamide and abiraterone. Consequently, robust models to study the pathobiology of prostate cancer liver metastases and their response to therapy are urgently needed.MethodsHemi‐spleen injection of human (LN95, PC3, VCaP, and MDA‐PCa‐2b) or syngeneic (Myc‐CaP) prostate cancer cells (1 × 106) was performed to seed liver metastases via the splenic vessels. Plasma levels of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) were monitored longitudinally in human androgen receptor‐positive (AR+) models. Immunohistochemical staining of AR and HoxB13 was performed to document the prostatic origin of hepatic lesions.ResultsLN95, PC3, and Myc‐CaP produced distinct liver micrometastases that progressed to macrometastases by ~2 to 4 weeks postinoculation, while inoculation of MDA‐PCa‐2b and VCaP only produced occasional micrometastases and seeding of individual cells adjacent to blood vessels, respectively, at the time points analyzed. All lesions are characterized by positive staining for nuclear AR and/or the prostate‐specific differentiation marker HoxB13 depending on the model. Circulating PSA levels are strongly correlated with overall tumor burden in mice seeded with LN95. Histologic micrometastases and low levels of circulating PSA are detected in mice seeded with MDA‐PCa‐2b at ~60 days postinoculation, but no circulating PSA was detected in animals inoculated with VCaP up to ~75 days despite the presence of rare AR+ cells in the liver.ConclusionThe studies reported herein establish intrasplenic injection as a robust model of mCRPC liver metastasis. In addition, circulating PSA was validated as a noninvasive biomarker to longitudinally monitor overall tumor burden when using PSA+ models. Therefore, this model can be used to interrogate the pathophysiology of prostate cancer liver metastases, the microenvironmental factors permissive to such growth, immunologic variables, and the response of hepatic lesions to therapy.
Totally minimally invasive radical gastrectomy with the da Vinci Xi® robotic system versus straight laparoscopy for gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Aktas Aydin , Aytac Erman , Bas Mustafa , Gunes Orgun , Tarcan Serim Hande , Esen Eren , Gokler Cihan , Aghayeva Afag , Uylas Ufuk , Ozben Volkan , Zengin Akile , Sumer Fatih , Baca Bilgi , Hamzaoglu Ismail , Kayaalp Cuneyt , Karahasanoglu Tayfun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundData regarding the outcomes of pure minimally invasive techniques of radical gastrectomy are scarce. We aimed to compare short‐term post‐operative outcomes in patients undergoing totally minimally invasive radical gastrectomy with the da Vinci Xi® robotic system versus straight laparoscopy for gastric adenocarcinoma.MethodsBetween December 2013 and March 2018, robotic and laparoscopic radical gastrectomy performed in two centres were included. Both groups were compared with respect to perioperative short‐term outcomes.ResultsNinety‐four patients were included in the study. Anticoagulant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy use were higher in the robotic group (p = 0.02, p = 0.02). There were conversions in the laparoscopy group whereas no conversions occurred in the robotic group (p = 0.052). Operating time in the robotic group was longer (p = 0.001). The number of harvested lymph nodes in the laparoscopic group was higher (p = 0.047).ConclusionTotally robotic technique with the da Vinci Xi® robotic system provides similar short‐term results compared to laparoscopic surgery in radical gastrectomy.
Resilient consensus‐based distributed optimization under deception attacks
Authors: Fu Weiming , Ma Qichao , Qin Jiahu , Kang Yu 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis article considers distributed optimization problems of complex cyber‐physical networks, whose goal is to minimize a global function consisting of a sum of local functions possessed by each node, when the communication network is suffering L‐local deception attacks. After showing that merely 1‐local deception attacks can arbitrarily affect the outcome of any distributed optimization algorithms without being detected, we propose a resilient consensus‐based distributed optimization algorithm, where the estimation for the optimizer of each node is updated according to its subgradient and its partial neighbors' estimation. Then, we provide the conditions for the proposed algorithm to ensure that all the nodes can make an agreement and converge to the convex hull of the local optimizer of their functions in the presence of L‐local deception attacks. Finally, some simulation examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Less efficient residue‐derived soil organic carbon formation under no‐till irrigated corn
Authors: Leichty Sarah , Cotrufo M. Francesca , Stewart Catherine E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) stores a large portion of terrestrial C, yet the mechanisms that affect its formation efficiency under different residue management in irrigated systems are still not well understood. No‐till (NT) increases SOC concentrations in topsoil compared with conventional tillage (CT) but there is uncertainty surrounding the stability of these gains in irrigated systems. We investigated the effect of NT and CT residue management on CO2 loss and SOC formation by applying isotopically (13C) labeled residues on the surface or incorporated in the mineral soil of disturbed (i.e., CT) or undisturbed (i.e., NT) soil in a semiarid, NT, sprinkler‐irrigated, continuous corn (Zea mays L.) field. We measured residue‐derived C in CO2, bulk soil, dissolved organic C, particulate organic matter (POM), and silt‐ and clay‐sized mineral‐associated organic matter (MAOM) fractions. Twelve months after residue addition, soils with surface‐applied residue produced 19% more CO2 and formed 41% less SOC than residue‐incorporated soils. Across all treatments, 62% of residue‐derived C was recovered in POM, and 38% in the MAOM fractions. Residue‐derived bulk soil C formation was more efficient when the residue was incorporated (0.60) rather than surface‐applied (0.42), suggesting that mixing and burial of residue within the soil matrix is a key pathway of SOC formation. During the growing season, surface residue under NT management in irrigated systems is particularly vulnerable to decomposition and will require additional conservation strategies to generate long‐term C sequestration.
A lifestyle intervention randomized controlled trial in obese women with infertility improved body composition among those who experienced childhood adversity
Authors: van Dammen Lotte , Bush Nicole R. , de Rooij Susanne , Mol Ben Willem , Mutsaerts Meike , van Oers Anne , Groen Henk , Hoek Annemieke , Roseboom Tessa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrevious research indicates that tailoring lifestyle interventions to participant characteristics optimizes intervention effectiveness. Our objective was to assess whether the effects of a preconception lifestyle intervention in obese infertile women depended on women's exposure to adversity in childhood. A follow‐up of a preconception lifestyle intervention randomized controlled trial (the LIFEstyle study) was conducted in the Netherlands among 577 infertile women (age 18–39 years) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥29 kg/m2 at time of randomization; N = 110 (19%) consented to the follow‐up assessment, 6 years later. A 6‐month preconception lifestyle intervention aimed weight loss through improving diet and increasing physical activity. The control group received care as usual. Outcome measures included weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference, body fat percentage, blood pressure and metabolic syndrome. The potential moderator, childhood adversity, was assessed with the Life Events Checklist‐5 questionnaire. Among the 110 women in our follow‐up study, n = 65 (59%) reported no childhood adverse events, n = 28 (25.5%) reported 1 type of childhood adverse events and n = 17 (15.5%) reported ≥2 types of childhood adverse events. Regression models showed significant interactions between childhood adversity and effects of lifestyle intervention at the 6‐year follow‐up. Among women who experienced childhood adversity, the intervention significantly reduced weight (−10.0 [95% CI −18.5 to −1.5] kg, p = 0.02), BMI (−3.2 [−6.1 to −0.2] kg/m2, p = 0.04) and body fat percentage (−4.5 [95% CI −7.2 to −1.9] p < 0.01). Among women without childhood adversity, the intervention did not affect these outcomes (2.7 [−3.9 to 9.4] kg, p = 0.42), (0.9 [−1.4 to 3.3] kg/m2, p = 0.42) and (1.7 [95% CI −0.3 to 3.7] p = 0.10), respectively. Having a history of childhood adversity modified the effect of a preconception lifestyle intervention on women's body composition. If replicated, it may be important to consider childhood adversity as a determinant of lifestyle intervention effectiveness.
Synergistic Coupling of Ni Nanoparticles with Ni3C Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Pengyan , Qin Rui , Ji Pengxia , Pu Zonghua , Zhu Jiawei , Lin Can , Zhao Yufeng , Tang Haolin , Li Wenqiang , Mu Shichun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExploring earth‐abundant bifunctional electrocatalysts with high efficiency for water electrolysis is extremely demanding and challenging. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) predictions reveal that coupling Ni with Ni3C can not only facilitate the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics, but also optimize the hydrogen adsorption and water adsorption energies. Experimentally, a facile strategy is designed to in situ fabricate Ni3C nanosheets on carbon cloth (CC), and simultaneously couple with Ni nanoparticles, resulting in the formation of an integrated heterostructure catalyst (Ni–Ni3C/CC). Benefiting from the superior intrinsic activity as well as the abundant active sites, the Ni–Ni3C/CC electrode demonstrates excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activities toward the OER and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which are superior to all the documented Ni3C‐based electrocatalysts in alkaline electrolytes. Specifically, the Ni–Ni3C/CC catalyst exhibits the low overpotentials of only 299 mV at the current density of 20 mA cm−2 for the OER and 98 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for the HER in 1 m KOH. Furthermore, the bifunctional Ni–Ni3C/CC catalyst can propel water electrolysis with excellent activity and nearly 100% faradic efficiency. This work highlights an easy approach for designing and constructing advanced nickel carbide‐based catalysts with high activity based on the theoretical predictions.
Physioxia enhances T-cell development ex vivo from human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Shin Dong-Yeop , Huang Xinxin , Gil Chang-Hyun , Aljoufi Arafat , Ropa James , Broxmeyer Hal E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding physiologic T-cell development from hematopoietic stem (HSCs) and progenitor cells (HPCs) is essential for development of improved hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and emerging T-cell therapies. Factors in the thymic niche, including Notch 1 receptor ligand, guide HSCs and HPCs through T-cell development in vitro. We report that physiologically relevant oxygen concentration (5% O2, physioxia), an important environmental thymic factor, promotes differentiation of cord blood CD34+ cells into progenitor T (proT) cells in serum-free and feeder-free culture system. This effect is enhanced by a potent reducing and antioxidant agent, ascorbic acid. Human CD34+ cell-derived proT cells in suspension cultures maturate into CD3+ T cells in an artificial thymic organoid (ATO) culture system more efficiently when maintained under physioxia, compared to ambient air. Low oxygen tension acts as a positive regulator of HSC commitment and HPC differentiation toward proT cells in the feeder-free culture system and for further maturation into T cells in the ATO. Culturing HSCs/HPCs in physioxia is an enhanced method of effective progenitor T and mature T-cell production ex vivo and may be of future use for HCT and T-cell immunotherapies.
High‐mobility group box‐1 induces mechanical pain hypersensitivity through astrocytic connexin 43 via the toll‐like receptor‐4/JNK signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Jiang , Li Xiuhua , Ke Ana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of high‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB‐1) on mechanical pain hypersensitivity and the underlying mechanism. Mouse primary astrocytes were isolated and treated as specified. A CCK‐8 assay was used to determine cytotoxicity and a gap junctional communication assay was performed. Ethidium bromide (EtBr) uptake was used to evaluate the hemichannel activity of primary astrocytes. A mouse model of neuropathic pain was developed and paw withdrawal threshold was used to evaluate hind paw sensitivity. RT‐qPCR and Western blot were used to determine mRNA and protein expression of genes, respectively. ELISA was used to measure the release of inflammatory cytokines. Treatment with HMGB‐1 increased the expression of both toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR‐4) and connexin 43 (Cx43) in mouse primary astrocytes. HMGB‐1 also promoted gap junctional intercellular communication and hemichannel function. Our results also demonstrated that HMGB‐1‐regulated Cx43 through the JNK signaling pathway, and Cx43 was involved in HMGB‐1‐mediated inflammation in astrocytes. In vivo analysis supported the idea that HMGB‐1‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity was associated with Cx43. We therefore conclude that HMGB‐1‐induced mechanical pain hypersensitivity occurs through modulating astrocytic Cx43 via the TLR‐4/JNK signaling pathway.
Entrepreneurial ecosystems
Authors: Ratten Vanessa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInternational business fundamentally is about creating an ecosystem environment conducive to entrepreneurship. This means fostering actions and behavior that provide a systemic interaction with multiple entities. In this editorial for the special journal issue, the historical background and origins of the entrepreneurial ecosystem concept is discussed with the view to connected different strands of literature. This provides an optimal way to understand the way entrepreneurship develops through an ecosystem logic. The theoretical perspectives for understanding entrepreneurial ecosystems are discussed that lead to a discussion on each of the articles included in the special journal issue. Themes emerging from these articles are then stated that include a focus on value co‐creation, stakeholder collaboration and entrepreneurial networks. This enables a holistic way to understand the linkages international business has with entrepreneurial ecosystems.
A peridynamic-based machine learning model for one-dimensional and two-dimensional structures
Authors: Nguyen Cong Tien , Oterkus Selda , Oterkus Erkan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith the rapid growth of available data and computing resources, using data-driven models is a potential approach in many scientific disciplines and engineering. However, for complex physical phenomena that have limited data, the data-driven models are lacking robustness and fail to provide good predictions. Theory-guided data science is the recent technology that can take advantage of both physics-driven and data-driven models. This study presents a novel peridynamics-based machine learning model for one- and two-dimensional structures. The linear relationships between the displacement of a material point and displacements of its family members and applied forces are obtained for the machine learning model by using linear regression. The numerical procedure for coupling the peridynamic model and the machine learning model is also provided. The numerical procedure for coupling the peridynamic model and the machine learning model is also provided. The accuracy of the coupled model is verified by considering various examples of a one-dimensional bar and two-dimensional plate. To further demonstrate the capabilities of the coupled model, damage prediction for a plate with a preexisting crack, a two-dimensional representation of a three-point bending test and a plate subjected to dynamic load are simulated.
Gluten hypersensitivities and their impact on the production of gluten-free beer
Authors: Gumienna Małgorzata , Górna Barbara 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article consists of a study of the literature and an assessment of available data on the production of gluten-free beer and its constituents. The article shows how the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission for Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses defines celiac disease, gluten-free products, and gluten-free beer. It describes diet-dependent diseases, which require a gluten-free diet, and groups of potential consumers of gluten-free beer. This article describes the use of oats as a raw material for the production of brewing malt and its usefulness in the production of beer. It specifies how the technological process of standard beer production needs to be modified so that the product meets the requirements of patients with celiac disease. The article also provides an overview of literature data on the production of gluten-free beer from pseudocereal malts, such as sorghum malt, buckwheat malt, amaranth malt, and quinoa malt.
Canopy Position Has a Stronger Effect than Tree Species Identity on Phyllosphere Bacterial Diversity in a Floodplain Hardwood Forest
Authors: Herrmann Martina , Geesink Patricia , Richter Ronny , Küsel Kirsten 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe phyllosphere is a challenging microbial habitat in which microorganisms can flourish on organic carbon released by plant leaves but are also exposed to harsh environmental conditions. Here, we assessed the relative importance of canopy position—top, mid, and bottom at a height between 31 and 20 m—and tree species identity for shaping the phyllosphere microbiome in a floodplain hardwood forest. Leaf material was sampled from three tree species—maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), oak (Quercus robur L.), and linden (Tilia cordata MILL.)—at the Leipzig canopy crane facility (Germany). Estimated bacterial species richness (Chao1) and bacterial abundances approximated by quantitative PCR of 16S rRNA genes exhibited clear vertical trends with a strong increase from the top to the mid and bottom position of the canopy. Thirty operational taxonomic units (OTUs) formed the core microbiome, which accounted for 77% of all sequence reads. These core OTUs showed contrasting trends in their vertical distribution within the canopy, pointing to different ecological preferences and tolerance to presumably more extreme conditions at the top position of the canopy. Co-occurrence analysis revealed distinct tree species-specific OTU networks, and 55–57% of the OTUs were unique to each tree species. Overall, the phyllosphere microbiome harbored surprisingly high fractions of Actinobacteria of up to 66%. Our results clearly demonstrate strong effects of the position in the canopy on phyllosphere bacterial communities in a floodplain hardwood forest and—in contrast to other temperate or tropical forests—a strong predominance of Actinobacteria.
Using singular perturbation theory to determine kinetic parameters in a non-standard coupled enzyme assay
Authors: Dalwadi Mohit P. , Orol Diego , Walter Frederik , Minton Nigel P. , King John R. , Kovács Katalin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigate how to characterize the kinetic parameters of an aminotransaminase using a non-standard coupled (or auxiliary) enzyme assay, where the peculiarity arises for two reasons. First, one of the products of the auxiliary enzyme is a substrate for the primary enzyme and, second, we explicitly account for the reversibility of the auxiliary enzyme reaction. Using singular perturbation theory, we characterize the two distinguished asymptotic limits in terms of the strength of the reverse reaction, which allows us to determine how to deduce the kinetic parameters of the primary enzyme for a characterized auxiliary enzyme. This establishes a parameter-estimation algorithm that is applicable more generally to similar reaction networks. We demonstrate the applicability of our theory by performing enzyme assays to characterize a novel putative aminotransaminase enzyme, CnAptA (UniProtKB Q0KEZ8) from Cupriavidus necator H16, for two different omega-amino acid substrates.
Gluten intake and metabolic health: conflicting findings from the UK Biobank
Authors: Behrendt Inken , Fasshauer Mathias , Eichner Gerrit 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThe impact of gluten intake on metabolic health in subjects without celiac disease is unclear. The present study aimed to assess the association between gluten intake and body fat percentage (primary objective), as well as a broad set of metabolic health markers.MethodsGluten intake was estimated in 39,927 participants of the UK Biobank who completed a dietary questionnaire for assessment of previous 24-h dietary intakes. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed between gluten intake and markers of metabolic health with Holm adjustment for multiple comparisons.ResultsMedian gluten intake was 9.7 g/day (male: 11.7 g/day; female: 8.2 g/day;p < 0.0001). In multiple linear regression analysis, association between gluten intake and percentage body fat was negative in males (β = − 0.028,p = 0.0020) and positive in females (β = 0.025,p = 0.0028). Furthermore, gluten intake was a negative predictor of total cholesterol (male:β = − 0.031,p = 0.0154; female:β = − 0.050,p < 0.0001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (male:β = − 0.052,p < 0.0001; female:β = − 0.068,p < 0.0001), and glomerular filtration rate (sexes combined:β = − 0.031,p < 0.0001) in both sexes. In females only, gluten intake was positively associated with waist circumference (β = 0.041,p < 0.0001), waist-to-height ratio (β = 0.040,p < 0.0001), as well as body mass index (β = 0.043,p < 0.0001), and negatively related to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = − 0.035,p = 0.0011). A positive association between gluten intake and triglycerides was observed in males only (β = 0.043,p = 0.0001).ConclusionThis study indicates that gluten intake is associated with markers of metabolic health. However, all associations are weak and not clinically meaningful. Limiting gluten intake is unlikely to provide metabolic health benefits for a population in total.