bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Effect on Thermocapillary Flow of Silicon Melt in an Annulus
Authors: Bendjaghlouli Ali , Mahfoud Brahim , Mahfoud Hibet Errahmane 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThermocapillary convection plays a crucial role in various processes, including the formation of crystals from a molten state. Recent studies have established that the oscillatory flow of the molten material during crystal growth is a significant contributor to the formation of undesirable micro‐inhomogeneities. The oscillatory flow can cause uneven distribution of solute and impurities, leading to localized variations in crystal composition and structure. This article discusses the possibility of controlling bidirectional thermocapillary flow, which is one of the sources of inhomogeneity in produced crystals, using an external magnetic field. The model examined in this study is a shallow annulus filled with silicon melt. This research investigates the effects of the annular space and the magnetic field on the thermocapillary process. The mathematical model, formulated as partial differential equations, was solved using the finite‐volume method. The results show the formation of hydrothermal waves with different azimuthal modes (m = 6, 4, and 3) corresponding, respectively, to the annular space R = 0.8, 0.7, and 0.6. Stronger magnetic fields attenuate the instabilities and reduce the vertical temperature gradient, transforming the isotherms into concentric circles, thereby improving the homogeneity of the crystals.
The development of transfer technologies for advanced 2D circuits integration
Authors: Cai Zhenggang , Liu Liwei , Zhou Peng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the light of the scaling limitations of conventional CMOS technology, two‐dimensional (2D) materials offer a transformative avenue for advancing Moore's law in the post‐Moore era. The technology for transferring 2D materials serves as a crucial link between their synthesis and device integration. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of advancements in the transfer technologies and integration of 2D materials, which are essential for next‐generation electronics. Firstly, state‐of‐the‐art methodologies for high‐quality, wafer‐scale transfer of 2D materials, including both wet and dry transfer methods are thoroughly reviewed. And the requirements for massive transfer of 2D materials compatible with silicon line while preserving their intrinsic properties are disscussed. Next, we focus on 2D integration techniques, paying special attention to the construction of van der Waals contacts at the 2D material/dielectric interface and 2D material/metal electrode interface. Finally, the potential for layer‐by‐layer or tier‐by‐tier transfer 2D devices for monolithic 3D integration was also discussed. This review concludes by highlighting the significant challenges that remain in leveraging the potential of 2D materials at the circuit and system levels, proposing forward‐looking development in transfer strategies.
Clinical Trial With a Depigmented, Polymerized Mite Mixture Extract at Maximum Concentrations
Authors: Vidal Carmen , Romero Laura , Lopez‐Freire Sara , Carballada‐Gonzalez Francisco , Garcia‐Robaina José Carlos , Gonzalez‐Fernandez Teresa , Mendez‐Brea Paula , Nieto Eva , Ruiz‐Garcia Mónica 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEfficacy of allergen immunotherapy is dose‐dependent; however, high doses of allergen may imply a greater risk of adverse reactions.ObjectiveTo assess the safety and tolerability of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) with mixtures of mite allergen extracts, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Blomia tropicalis (Dpt/Bt) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Lepidoglyphus destructor (Dpt/Ld) at maximum concentrations, in adult patients with allergic rhinitis or rhinoconjunctivitis, and controlled allergic asthma due to a clinically relevant sensitisation to these mites.MethodsAn open‐label, noncontrolled, nonrandomised, phase IIb clinical trial was carried out in three hospitals in Spain between September 2014 and May 2018. Patients received SCIT of either Dpt/Bt (100/1000 DPP/mL) or Dpt/Ld (100/100 DPP/mL) in two phases: a rush build‐up phase on the first day (0.2 mL and 0.3 mL with a 30‐min interval) and a monthly maintenance phase administration (0.5 mL) up to 48 months.ResultsForty patients were recruited for the study, seven allocated to the Dpt/Bt group and 33 to the Dpt/Ld. None experienced immediate or delayed systemic Grade ≥ 2 reactions (EAACI classification) (systemic reactions were mostly Grade 1) nor died during the study. Local reactions were mostly mild (0‒10 cm). Thirty‐nine patients (97.5%) experienced at least one adverse event (AE). Of the 283 reported AEs, eight (2.8%) were systemic reactions experienced by six (15%) subjects and 14 (4.9%) were local reactions sustained by ten (25%) subjects.ConclusionsSCIT treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis or rhinoconjunctivitis and controlled asthma with mixtures of Dpt/Bt and Dpt/Ld allergen extracts at maximum concentrations showed a favourable safety profile.
Efficacy and safety of different progestogens in women with first threatened miscarriage: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Hongqiong , He Wei , Xia Chunyu , Yang Zhu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThreatened miscarriage is defined as early vaginal bleeding before 12 weeks of gestational age and can occur in any pregnancy regardless of maternal age, race, comorbidities, lifestyle, or socioeconomic status, and about one‐quarter of threatened miscarriages proceed to complete miscarriage. To assess the relative effectiveness and safety of different progestogens in women with first threatened miscarriage, using a network meta‐analysis. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to April 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness or safety of placebo or different progestogens for the treatment of threatened miscarriage were eligible for inclusion, including dydrogesterone (oral), progesterone (oral, vaginal, rectal), and 17‐α‐hydroxyprogesterone (intramuscular). A Bayesian network meta‐analysis with Markov chain Monte‐Carlo simulation was performed in this study. A pairwise meta‐analysis was carried out by synthesizing studies that compared the same interventions using a fixed‐effects model. The primary outcome was the percentage of miscarriage (defined as delivery before 24 weeks of gestation) and preterm birth (defined as birth before 37 weeks of gestation), and the secondary outcomes were live birth rate, congenital abnormalities, neonatal outcomes (low birth weight <2500 g), and adverse events. The risk of bias was assessed by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. In total, 18 RCTs with six different interventions were included. Oral dydrogesterone can reduce the risk of miscarriage compared with both placebo (odds ratio [OR] 0.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32–0.76) and vaginal progesterone (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.36–0.89) in women with first threatened miscarriage. In women with first threatened miscarriage, oral progesterone also reduced the risk of miscarriage compared with placebo (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.39–0.93). However, from the available evidence, there was no statistically significant difference between progestogens and placebo in preterm birth, congenital abnormality, and live birth rate. Oral dydrogesterone was safe and better at reducing miscarriage than vaginal progesterone and placebo for women with first threatened miscarriage, and better at reducing miscarriage compared with placebo for women with threatened miscarriage.
Microaneurysm Detection With Multiscale Attention and Trident RPN
Authors: Lin Jiawen , Liu Shilin , Mao Meiyan , Chen Susu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most serious and common complication of diabetes. Microaneurysm (MA) detection is of great importance for DR screening by providing the earliest indicator of presence of DR. Extremely small size of MAs, low color contrast in fundus images, and the interference from blood vessels and other lesions with similar characteristics make MA detection still challenging. In this paper, a novel two‐stage MA detector with multiscale attention and trident Region proposal network (RPN) is proposed. A scale selection pyramid network based on the attention mechanism is established to improve detection performance on the small objects by reducing the gradient inconsistency between low and high level features. Meanwhile, a trident RPN with three‐branch parallel feature enhance head is designed to promote more distinguishing learning, further reducing the misrecognition. The proposed method is validated on IDRiD, e‐ophtha, and ROC datasets with the average scores of 0.516, 0.646, and 0.245, respectively, achieving the best or nearly optimal performance compared to the state‐of‐the‐arts. Besides, the proposed MA detector illustrates a more balanced performance on the three datasets, showing strong generalization.
Meaning‐based, code‐based, and vocabulary‐based instruction in middle and high school classrooms: The case for attention to all three
Authors: Krishnan Jenell , Friedrich Linda , Sailors Misty , Cole Menya , Howlett Heather 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis commentary explores the nuanced approaches to literacy instruction in middle and high school classrooms, emphasizing the integration of skilled and strategic reading. The commentary underscores the distinction between skilled readers' effortless navigation through familiar texts and the conscious employment of reading strategies when faced with complex texts. It draws attention to components of instruction within English Language Arts, Science, and Social Studies by drawing illustrative examples from three teachers' classrooms. These examples illustrate how meaning‐, vocabulary‐, and code‐based approaches overlap and can be integrated in a multifaceted approach to literacy instruction, which is sensitive to disciplinary demands and student diversity. An integrated approach is essential for equipping adolescents with the sociocognitive tools necessary for academic and lifelong literacy. Instructional recommendations are provided.
CBFβ Regulates RUNX3 ADP‐Ribosylation to Mediate Homologous Recombination Repair
Authors: Samsa William E. , Zhang Zhen , Gong Zihua 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRUNX3 is a master developmental transcriptional factor that has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in many cancers. However, the exact role of RUNX3 in cancer pathogenesis remains to be completely elucidated. Recently, it has emerged that RUNX3 is involved in the DNA damage response. Here, we demonstrate that heterodimerization of RUNX3 with CBFβ is necessary for its stability by protecting RUNX3 from RUNX3 ADP‐ribosylation‐dependent ubiquitination and degradation. We further identify new amino acid residues that are targets for PARylation and demonstrate that RUNX3 PARylation at these residues is necessary for localization of RUNX3 to DNA double strand break sites (DBSs). We also demonstrate that both RUNX3 PARylation and CBFβ heterodimerization with RUNX3 positively regulates homologous recombination (HR) repair, in part by promoting the recruitment of CtIP and phospho‐RPA2 to the DBSs to mediate HR repair. In summary, we provide evidence that RUNX3 regulates HR repair activity in a PARylation‐dependent manner.
Benefit of using an assistive listening device in a hospital setting
Authors: Merrifield Marissa , Brangman Sharon A. , Pacioles Toni , Doherty Karen A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh levels of noise in hospital settings can make communication difficult, especially for older adults. Assistive Listening Devices (ALDs) are personal amplifiers that can improve hearing in background noise. This study investigated the impact of providing ALDs to hospitalized patients 60 years of age and older without using hearing screenings to determine eligibility. Results indicated that 96% of the patients reported that ALD was easy to use and 88% found it helpful. The ALD was used to communicate with family, hospital staff, and physicians. This suggests ALDs can be distributed to patients 60 years and older without any hearing screenings.
Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Reinfections in Young Thai Children, 2016–2023
Authors: Pasittungkul Siripat , Thongpan Ilada , Vichaiwattana Preeyaporn , Chuchaona Watchaporn , Khongwichit Sarawut , Wanlapakorn Nasamon , Vongpunsawad Sompong , Poovorawan Yong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAlthough a vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is now available for pregnant women and the elderly, RSV remains a significant cause of respiratory illness in children globally. Reinfections by the same or different RSV subgroups in children residing in the tropics are currently under‐studied. Therefore, we examined the patterns of RSV infection and reinfection in Thai children aged ≤ 5 years with respiratory symptoms from 2016 to 2023. Screening of 7710 pediatric respiratory specimens identified 1245 RSV‐positive samples (16.1%), mostly from the rainy months (July–November). Interestingly, 74 children experienced two infections, and 6 had three infections. Reinfection by different RSV subgroups occurred in 30 children: 21 were initially infected with RSV‐B and later with RSV‐A, while 9 had the reverse pattern. Reinfections only by either RSV‐A or RSV‐B were observed in 22 and 2 children, respectively, with one child infected with RSV‐A three times. All RSV‐A reinfections belonged to the ON1 genotype, while RSV‐B reinfections were BA9. Notably, reinfections across different seasons were observed within homologous pairs. These findings suggest a transitory immunity to natural RSV infection and provide the knowledge that may help optimize pediatric vaccination schedule. Ongoing epidemiological data on RSV are essential in monitoring genotype circulation and vaccine effectiveness.
Addressing Breast Cancer Disparities: A Comprehensive Approach to Health Equity
Authors: Arrey Eliel N. , GoPaul Darren , Anderson David , Okoli Joel , McKenzie‐Johnson Tamra 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article addresses the persistent disparities in breast cancer outcomes across different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment. The disparities are rooted in various factors, including access to care, socioeconomic status, and cultural barriers. The article emphasizes the need for targeted interventions, such as expanding insurance coverage, mobile mammography units, and culturally tailored outreach programs to promote health equity. Achieving this requires comprehensive strategies addressing systemic and social determinants of health.
Rapid and Sustained Improvement of Lichen Planus Pemphigoides With the JAK1 Inhibitor Upadacitinib
Authors: Gueissaz Louise , Wolf Ronald , Schlapbach Christoph 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLichen planus pemphigoides (LPP) is a rare autoimmune blistering disorder characteris ed by lichenoid plaques and blister formation. Current treatments are often ineffective, and there is a lack of standardised guidelines. The disease's pathogenesis involves both T‐cell‐mediated lichenoid dermatitis and autoantibody formation, presenting treatment challenges, especially in refractory cases. While previous therapies have focused on immunosuppressive agents, many patients fail to achieve sustained remission. Here, we report a case of LPP successfully treated with the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor upadacitinib. The patient, a 56‐year‐old female with pruritic lichenoid lesions and blisters, experienced rapid symptom resolution following treatment. Notably, pruritus subsided within days, and both skin lesions and anti‐BP180 antibody levels improved substantially within 1 month. Remarkably, the patient remained nearly symptom‐free for 6 months posttreatment. This case demonstrates that JAK1 inhibition can offer rapid and sustained clinical improvement in LPP, with the potential for disease modification. These findings suggest that early, targeted intervention with JAK inhibitors may provide a new therapeutic avenue for autoimmune skin diseases, particularly those resistant to traditional treatments.
Coastal Wetlands of Indus River Delta Are Under Risk Due to Reclamation: A Spatiotemporal Analysis During the Past 50 Years From 1972 to 2022
Authors: Laghari Yaseen , Bai Shibiao , Leghari Shah Jahan , Wei Wenjing , Laghari Abdul Hafeez 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCoastal wetlands are the most productive and biologically diverse ecosystems, benefiting both human populations and the total environment. However, they are continuously threatened by anthropogenic activities. Indus River Delta is the sixth largest in the world, has been adversely affected due to reclamation. The study examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of coastal wetlands and reclamation in the Indus River Delta from 1972 to 2022. Wetlands conversion to reclamation was extracted from 6‐Landsat images. A land cover transfer matrix was used to analyze land use land cover (LULC) changes in different time intervals. Area‐weight centroid was constructed to determine the migration trend of reclamation and coastal wetlands. Spatial accurateness was assessed using Producer's Accuracy (PA), User Accuracy (UA) and KAPPA coefficient (KC). The results reveal that from 1972 to 2022, the net area of wetlands declined by 1.9% (26.1 km2), while reclamation (settlement and cultivated land) increased by 14.7% (200.1 km2), and 27.5% (373.5 km2), respectively. The fastest areal change rate for coastal wetlands was −1.1 km2/year from 2012 to 2022, whereas the fastest areal change rate for settlement and cultivated land were 7.6 km2/year from 1992 to 2002 and 28.6 km2/year from 2012 to 2022. Centroids of wetlands moved slowly eastwards from Kharo Chan taluka to Keti Bandar in the first and third decades, then southwards in the second decade, later on, westwards in the fourth decade, and finally back southwards from Keti Bandar taluka to the Kharo Chan in the fifth decade with fastest movement. Centroids of settlement expanded in all directions over five decades. Centroids of cultivated land migrated westwards in the first, third and fourth decades, northwards in the second decade and southwards in the fifth decade from Keti Bandar to Kharo Chan. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for sustainable land development and future planning.
Assessing Carbon Sequestration Potential of Check Dams in the Helong Region of the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Cao Huaxin , Liu Jiayu , Zheng Xinjuan , She Dongli 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCheck dams are widely recognized as highly efficacious engineering interventions for preventing soil erosion, and they have been extensively promoted and employed worldwide. However, there is a dearth of comprehensive research on the carbon storage and carbon sequestration potential of check dams, impeding our understanding of carbon fate in sedimentary regions of terrestrial systems. The goal of this study is to evaluate the carbon storage and carbon sequestration potential of check dams within the Helong Region (HLR), utilizing measured data from subcatchments and collected key dam data. The results indicated that the horizontal distribution characteristics of organic carbon (OC) in the seven subcatchments within the Yanhe catchment exhibited a gradually increasing trend from upstream to downstream. The vertical distribution of OC content can be categorized into three patterns: initial decrease followed by fluctuation, initial decrease followed by fluctuating increase, and sudden increase followed by stability. The variation range of OC stored in the dam land was 1.47–598.21 Mg, and there existed a strong quadratic relationship between OC storage and the dam land area. The HLR encompasses a total of 3703 key dams, with a combined storage capacity of 39.89 × 108 m3 and controlling an area of 17951.6 km2. As of 2011, the sediment load and OC buried in key dams within the HLR were estimated to be 24.98 × 108 t and 6385.98 Gg, respectively. Assuming complete filling of all key dams, the estimated carbon sequestration potential of the key dams amounted to 6869.41 Gg. The research findings can provide a theoretical foundation for comprehending carbon redistribution and carbon sequestration in the erosion–deposition environment of terrestrial systems.
Photon counting CT versus energy‐integrating CT: A comparative evaluation of advances in image resolution, noise, and dose efficiency
Authors: Heismann Björn , Kreisler Björn , Fasbender Robert 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundPhoton counting computed tomography (PCCT) employs direct and spectrally resolved counting of individual x‐ray quanta, enhancing image quality compared to the standard energy‐integrating CT (EICT).PurposeTo evaluate the quantitative improvements in CT image quality metrics by comparing the first medical PCCT with a state‐of‐the‐art EICT.MethodsThe PCCT versus EICT noise improvement ratio R was derived from the quantum statistics of the measurement process and measured across the clinical x‐ray flux range for both systems. Detector and system modulation transfer functions (MTFs) were obtained using tilted‐slit and wire phantom measurements. Image root mean square (RMS) noise, noise power spectrum (NPS), and x‐ray patient dose were compared using a CatPhan phantom at two identical clinical target resolutions.ResultsThe measurement of the PCCT noise improvement ratio R showed an elimination of electronic noise and a 10% noise transfer advantage. The PCCT detector MTF exhibited 3x higher angular resolution limits in comparison to EICT and close to ideal sinc behavior due to the electromagnetic formation of pixels in the PCCT semiconductor detector. This translated to 3.5x enhancements in CT system MTF ratios at 10 LP/cm, reflecting a significant improvement in millimeter range CT imaging. Both the improved quantum detection and the system MTF ratio improvement contribute to the measured 3x enhancements in image NPS at 10 LP/cm for identical image target resolution. An improvement of up to 1.7x in RMS image noise was observed accordingly. For low and ultra‐low dose imaging with image filtering, dose efficiency increased between 2x and 10x, demonstrating the PCCT's capability to advance CT ultra‐low dose imaging.ConclusionThe direct counting detection in PCCT has been shown to significantly improve sinogram noise and detector MTF ratios compared to energy integrating EICT. The observed translations into CT system MTF, image NPS, image noise, and dose ratios reflect a paradigm shift for CT image quality and dose efficiency.