bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy to Assess Central Pain Responses in a Nonpharmacologic Treatment Trial of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Pollonini Luca , Montero‐Hernandez Samuel , Park Lindsey , Miao Hongyu , Mathis Kenneth , Ahn Hyochol 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEKnee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common source of pain in older adults. Although OA‐induced pain can be relieved with analgesics and anti‐inflammatory drugs, the current opioid epidemic is fostering the exploration of nonpharmacologic strategies for pain mitigation. Amongs these, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and mindfulness‐based meditation (MBM) hold potential for pain‐relief efficacy due to their neuromodulatory effects of the central nervous system, which is known to play a fundamental role in pain perception and processing.METHODSIn this double‐blind study, we used functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate the effects of tDCS combined with MBM on underlying pain processing mechanisms at the central nervous level in older adults with knee OA. Nineteen subjects were randomly assigned to two groups undergoing a 10‐day active tDCS and MBM regimen and a sham tDCS and MBM regimen, respectively.RESULTSOur results showed that the neuromodulatory intervention significantly relieved pain only in the group receiving active treatment. We also found that only the active treatment group showed a significant increase in oxyhemoglobin activation of the superior motor and somatosensory cortices colocated to the placement of the tDCS anodal electrode. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which the combined effect of tDCS and MBM is investigated using fNIRS.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, fNIRS can be effectively used to investigate neural mechanisms of pain at the cortical level in association with nonpharmacological, self‐administered treatments.
Human sociality in the times of the Covid‐19 pandemic: A systematic examination of change in greetings
Authors: Mondada Lorenza , Bänninger Julia , Bouaouina Sofian A. , Camus Laurent , Gauthier Guillaume , Hänggi Philipp , Koda Mizuki , Svensson Hanna , Tekin Burak S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUsing multimodal conversation analysis this article examines embodied and tactile greetings in social interaction, documenting their change during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Recognizing social interaction as foundational for human sociality, we consider greetings as a crucial normative, organizational, and ritual practice for mutually engaging in intersubjective action. Analyses use video recordings made in Switzerland (featuring (Swiss‐)German and English as a lingua‐franca), focusing on embodied greetings of acquainted people in public spaces at the age of Covid19—a historical moment in which physical proximity and contact are targeted by official measures restricting social interactions. Studying a range of tactile embodied greetings, the paper shows how they change from routine greetings to hesitated, suspended yet still completed ones, and to projected but resisted and refused ones. Furthermore, it reveals some ‘new’ practices of greeting (elbow/feetbumps, hugs‐in‐the‐air) and their non‐straightforward and accountable character, as well as how they sediment and normalize during the pandemic.
In Mistral's footsteps: “The Other” (1954) as the substrate poem for contemporary Chilean women poets
Authors: Fernández Melleda Bárbara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study proposes that Gabriela Mistral's poem “The Other” (1954) is a work that has inspired many contemporary Chilean women poets. Evidence from three poetry collections—Alejandra Del Río's Written in Braille (1999), Marina Arrate's Uranium (1999), and Malú Urriola's Butterfly Stroke (2007)—connect directly to Mistral's proposal in “The Other.” These contemporary poets take up the psychic unfolding of the speaker in that poem to vindicate the woman that in Mistral's work was annihilated. These three contemporary poets prove that now is time for women to freely express themselves and their desires through the written word, subverting traditional patriarchal discourse.
Responses of humpback whales to a changing climate in the Southern Hemisphere: Priorities for research efforts
Authors: Meynecke Jan‐Olaf , Seyboth Elisa , De Bie Jasper , Menzel Barraqueta Jan‐Lukas , Chama Abdoulkadri , Prakash Dey Subhra , Lee Serena Blyth , Tulloch Vivitskaia , Vichi Marcello , Findlay Ken , Roychoudhury Alakendra Narayan , Mackey Brendan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlobally, baleen whales were severely depleted by historic whaling. Recovering populations have been observed to alter their behaviour. These changes have been attributed to climate change in some cases and raise concerns over the successful recovery of baleen whale populations. Current data‐driven statistical habitat and behavioural models have proven useful for addressing questions of whale distribution changes within their limitations. Given observed changes in oceanic conditions, a new approach to managing baleen whale population recovery is necessary. Model predictions of future whale movements and distributions under climate change scenarios are vital to enable adequate conservation management. This paper presents a new perspective on understanding the impacts of climate change on humpback whales, arguing the need for a system‐based multidisciplinary research approach. Our approach includes coupled, mechanistic models based upon robust ecological principles, and integrates key physical, biogeochemical, biological and ecological modules to address long‐term changes associated with climate change. To illustrate the need for this system‐based multidisciplinary approach, we focus on Southern Hemisphere humpback whales, the recovery of which may be impacted by rapid changes in habitat conditions brought about by anthropogenic climate change.
Abundance, survival, and annual rate of change of Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) on a Navy sonar range
Authors: Curtis K. Alexandra , Falcone Erin A. , Schorr Gregory S. , Moore Jeffrey E. , Moretti David J. , Barlow Jay , Keene Erin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBayesian mark‐recapture estimates of survival, abundance, and trend are reported for Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) using a Navy training range off southern California. The deep‐diving beaked whale family is exceptionally vulnerable to mid‐frequency active sonar (MFAS), which has been implicated in mass strandings and altered foraging behavior. Extremely low sighting probabilities impede studies of population‐level impacts of MFAS on beaked whales. The San Nicolas Basin hosts a Navy training range subject to frequent MFAS use and attracts high densities of Z. cavirostris. An 11‐year (2007–2018) photo‐identification program leveraged automated acoustic detection and location capabilities on the range's 1,800‐km2 hydrophone array to enhance capture probability. Estimated population parameters for Z. cavirostris using the range included mean (90% credibility intervals) apparent annual survival of 0.950 (0.899–0.986), annual number of individuals as 121 (71–219), and annual rate of change of −0.8% (−5.6%–4.1%). Simulations show the probability of detecting abundance changes is currently low, but can be greatly improved through continued monitoring and increased effort. Complementary data collection on habitat use and demographic rates in San Nicolas and surrounding basins is also essential to relating direct effects of MFAS use to changes in vital rates and broader population outcomes.
Epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of cerebral mucormycosis in diabetic patients: A systematic review of case reports and case series
Authors: Chegini Zahra , Didehdar Mojtaba , Khoshbayan Amin , Rajaeih Shahin , Salehi Mohammadreza , Shariati Aref 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundPatients with diabetes are known as an important high‐risk group for cerebral mucormycosis (CM).MethodWe conducted a structured search using PubMed/MEDLINE to collect both case reports and case series case (ie including at least two patients) onto CM in diabetic patient published between 2000 and March 2020.ResultsForty‐five reports of individual cases and eighteen case series articles were included. India accounted for the largest share of reports with 37.7% and 38.8% of individual cases and case series, respectively. Mortality ranged from 0% to 100% in the case series. The overall mortality in the individual cases was 46.3%, and 64.2% of deaths were reported in patients with ketoacidosis diabetes. Facial swelling (53.3%), headache (44.4%), loss of vision (35.5%) and ophthalmoplegia (35.5%) were the most frequently reported clinical symptoms. In all patients except 4 (91.1%), CM was treated surgically; however, in many cases (42%), despite the use of surgery, death occurred. Amphotericin B deoxycholate (AMB) and lipid‐based AMB (LAMB) were used as the first lines of treatment for all patients; however, posaconazole, echinocandins, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) and deferasirox were used in combination for a number of patients. Posaconazole has been shown to have positive therapeutic effect; however, posaconazole, LAMB and HBOT are not commonly used in low‐income and health‐challenged countries.ConclusionCerebral mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive infection in diabetic patients and carries immense morbidity despite early diagnosis and treatment. Low‐income countries have had the highest number of reports of the disease in recent years, indicating the need to control diabetes in these countries.
Nodakenin alleviates renal ischaemia‐reperfusion injury via inhibiting reactive oxygen species‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Liao Yuan , Lin Xiao , Li Jianchun , Tan Ruizhi , Zhong Xia , Wang Li 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a vital contributor to chronic kidney disease and limited therapeutic options are existed to preserve the renal injury. The research presented here investigated the protective effect of nodakenin against AKI and the underlying mechanism.MethodsThe effect of nodakenin was investigated in ischaemia reperfusion‐induced renal injury (IRI) of AKI mice and hypoxia‐treated primary renal tubular cells. Briefly, renal functions including creatinine and urea nitrogen were determined and mechanisms associated inflammation were investigated by the advantage of immunohistochemistry, western blot, RT‐PCR and flow cytometry.ResultsDeterioration of renal functions including and creatinine, urea nitrogen and tubular necrosis were observed in IRI‐AKI model. In contrast, nodakenin strikingly alleviated the deterioration of creatinine, urea nitrogen and tubular necrosis when compared with IRI model. Moreover, nodakenin could significantly inhibit the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and tumour necrosis factor‐α both in hypoxia‐treated primary renal tubular cells and in AKI model. Mechanistic studies revealed that nodakenin dramatically suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species and subsequent NLPR3 inflammasome activation.ConclusionIn summary, these findings provided a solid evidence base and a new drug option for the treatment of AKI.
Treatment of Chronic Anterior Shoulder Dislocation by Coracoid Osteotomy with or without Bristow–Latarjet Procedure
Authors: Yang Yong‐liang , Li Qing‐hu , Zhang Qi , Jia Hong‐lei , Wang Bo‐min , Dong Jin‐lei , Zhou Dong‐sheng , Wang Xiao‐mei , Li Lian‐xin 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy and outcomes of the coracoid osteotomy with or without Bristow–Latarjet procedures in the treatment of chronic anterior shoulder dislocation (CASD).MethodsBetween January 2013 and January 2019, 20 shoulders of 18 patients who were diagnosed with chronic anterior dislocation and underwent open reduction in our trauma center were retrospectively studied. Open coracoid osteotomy with Bristow–Latarjet procedures were performed on 16 shoulders and open coracoid osteotomy without Bristow–Latarjet procedures were performed on four shoulders. Open coracoid osteotomy with or without Bristow–Latarjet procedures were chosen on the basis of the stability of the shoulder after reduction. Outcomes were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively with the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder rating scale, and the range of motion (ROM) for shoulder activity.ResultsThere were three males and 15 females with an average age of 60.94 ± 2.69 years. The time between dislocation and treatment ranged from 21 to 240 days with an average of 73.3 ± 14.4 days. All patients were available for a mean follow‐up of 15.2 ± 4.3 months. No procedure‐related death or incision‐related superficial or deep tissue infection was identified in all cases. No iatrogenic neurovascular injuries or fractures were found in this study. At the time of 12 months follow‐up, the range of motion and the shoulder functional evaluation (VAS [P < 0.001], ASES [P < 0.001], and UCLA score [P < 0.001]) in patients who underwent Bristow–Latarjet procedures were significantly improved. Subluxation after surgical procedure was found and confirmed in one patient and this patient refused to undergo revision surgery. According to the Samilson and Prieto classification system, 16 shoulders were assessed as grade 0, three shoulders were grade 1, one shoulder was grade 2.ConclusionsCoracoid osteotomy with or without Bristow–Latarjet procedure yielded an acceptable clinical result in this study. This method has the advantages of enlarging the exposure of surgical field, assisting reduction of shoulder, and convenient conversion to Bristow–Latarjet procedure. It is an efficient and reliable method for treatment of chronic anterior shoulder dislocation.A 69‐year‐old woman diagnosed with right chronic anterior shoulder dislocation with large Hill–Sachs lesion. The latarjet procedure with remplissage technique was applied for this patient.
Diagnosis of Sacroiliac Joint Pain: Predictive Value of Three Diagnostic Clinical Tests
Authors: Mekhail Nagy , Saweris Youssef , Sue Mehanny Diana , Makarova Natalya , Guirguis Maged , Costandi Shrif 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionTo date, there have been no acceptable and accurate diagnostic criteria or standards of care for the management of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain. Several studies have yielded different contributions of clinical presentation, history, and physical examination in the diagnosis of SIJ pain. Our goal in this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic clinical tests and their predictive value in accurately diagnosing SIJ pain.MethodologyUpon enrolling 200 eligible patients with SIJ pain as their primary diagnosis, they were re‐evaluated and their verbal rating scale (VRS) pain scores and demographic data were obtained. Thereafter, three SIJ diagnostic tests were performed: the thigh thrust test, the Patrick test, and a modified version of the Gaenslen test that is referred to as the Mekhail test. Subsequently, the patients were taken to the procedure room to undergo SIJ injection, for which a confirmative result was ≥50% pain relief. The physicians performing the procedure were blinded of the results of the 3 tests performed. Results from the 3 tests were incorporated with the procedure results, from which we drew statistical and medical conclusions determining their predictive value and degree of aid to physicians in diagnosing SIJ pain.ResultsWe found that the cumulative effect of adding simultaneous tests increased the sensitivity of the testing but decreased the specificity, which generates a powerful screening tool. The combination of the Patrick and Mekhail tests demonstrated the best accuracy, with 94% sensitivity, 17% specificity, 81% positive predictive value, and 44% negative predictive value. The Patrick test was better than other tests for differentiating patients with SIJ pain from those with non‐SIJ pain. No combination yielded both significant sensitivity and specificity. Generally, the overall predictive value of any of the tests on their own or their combination did not vary significantly from the predictive value of baseline demographics, including pre‐injection pain score and pain referral diagram.ConclusionIn conclusion, our study results were similar to those of previous investigators who found that physical examination plays a limited role in diagnosing SIJ pain. Specifically, we found that the clinical tests and/or their combinations added no significant predictive capacity compared to patients’ baseline characteristics in predicting the response to diagnostic SIJ injection, albeit the combination of the Mekhail and Patrick tests yielded high sensitivity (94%), making them viable for consecutive screening, possibly reducing the unnecessary costs of diagnostic SIJ injection procedures.
The risks and benefits of initiating change at work: Social consequences for proactive employees who take charge
Authors: Zhang Melody Jun , Law Kenneth S. , Wang Lin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe study employee taking charge behavior in a team context and investigate how it influences social consequences in work teams. Drawing on the person perception perspective and the warmth–competence framework, we develop a theoretical model outlining how coworkers view and react to those team members who take charge more at work. We conducted two studies to test our model. Using a three‐wave, multisource study with a round‐robin design (Study 1), we find that members who take charge relatively more in their work teams tend to be perceived as more competent and are more likely to emerge as informal leaders; however, they are also likely to be seen as less warm and receive less coworker support, especially in teams with a low initiative climate. In a follow‐up vignette experimental study (Study 2), we replicate the results in a more controlled setting and expand our understanding of the social consequences for employee taking charge behavior. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results.
The impact of occlusive vs non‐occlusive application of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (BF‐200 ALA) on the efficacy and tolerability of photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis on the scalp and face: A prospective within‐patient comparison trial
Authors: Meierhofer C. , Silic K. , Urban M. V. , Tanew Adrian , Radakovic Sonja 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment for actinic keratoses (AK). PDT is usually performed with occlusion of the photosensitizer prior to subsequent illumination.ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of occlusive versus non‐occlusive application of a 5‐aminolevulinic gel (BT‐200 ALA) for PDT of multiple AK on the scalp or face.MethodsProspective, investigator‐blinded, within‐patient comparison study on 45 patients. PDT with occlusion of ALA was performed in a target area on one randomized side of the scalp or face. One week later a contralateral target area received the same treatment except that no occlusion of the ALA gel was performed. 3 and 6 months after PDT, the clearance rate of a predetermined target lesion and the total clearance rate of all AK within the treated areas were determined. PDT‐induced pain and skin phototoxicity and cosmetic outcome were also recorded.ResultsClearance rate of the target AK and total AK clearance rate at 3 months after PDT was 88.4% and 90.6% for occlusive PDT and 58.1% (P = .001) and 70.4% (P = .04) for non‐occlusive PDT. The corresponding values at 6 months after PDT were 69.7% and 72.1% for occlusive PDT and 30.2% (P < .001) and 35.6% (P = .001) for non‐occlusive PDT. Pain score and skin phototoxicity were significantly higher after occlusive ALA application. No difference was observed with respect to cosmetic outcome.ConclusionsOcclusive application of ALA significantly improves the efficacy of PDT but is associated with more pain and increased phototoxicity.
Moral demands and the far future*
Authors: Mogensen Andreas L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractI argue that moral philosophers have either misunderstood the problem of moral demandingness or at least failed to recognize important dimensions of the problem that undermine many standard assumptions. It has been assumed that utilitarianism concretely directs us to maximize welfare within a generation by transferring resources to people currently living in extreme poverty. In fact, utilitarianism seems to imply that obligations to help people who are currently badly off are trumped by obligations to undertake actions targeted at improving the value of the long‐term future. Reflecting on the demands of beneficence in respect of the value of the far future forces us to view key aspects of the problem of moral demandingness in a different light.
How to make fire: Resonant rupture within Melanesian charismatic revivalism
Authors: Macdonald Fraser 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent theoretical developments within the anthropology of Christianity have shifted away from conceptualising the uptake of Pentecostal‐charismatic Christianity in polarised terms of rupture versus continuity towards more inclusive, dynamic interpretations that appreciate both underlying cultural synergies alongside deeply felt projects of personal and collective moral and spiritual transformation. Drawing upon Marshall's concept of ‘resonant rupture’, I explore how a series of interconnected revivals that occurred in many places throughout Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea resonated with pre‐existing elements of indigenous religion and cosmology. At the same time, however, I show that, although a broad conjuncture between tradition and Pentecostal‐charismatic Christianity existed, the events that constituted these movements were understood by revival participants as unequivocally Christian, innovative and radically new, thus revealing the simultaneous processes of resonance and rupture at work. In support of my argument I focus upon reports of religious intensification during this formative period from three different ethnographic settings, namely, Malaita, Solomon Islands, Enga Province, Papua New Guinea and the Min culture area, Papua New Guinea, respectively. All of the examples vividly exemplify Melanesian Christians absorbing existing religiosity into their new worship while at the same time imposing a radical change on the level of asserted meaning.
Do migration networks worsen trade deficit? Evidence from the United States and Germany
Authors: Tomohara Akinori 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study investigates how cross‐border movements of goods (trade), people (migration) and capital (FDI) interact comprehensively. While previous studies have examined partial interactions of these factors, such as trade–immigration relationships, little work has been done to examine the effects of global networks on trade balance. Using bilateral trade data, our dynamic panel‐data analysis provides empirical evidence of bidirectional migration networks (i.e. immigration and emigration) and business networks (i.e. inward and outward FDI). The analysis shows that the migration network effect is not definitive but varies depending on countries. The trade deficit in the United States (Germany) increases (decreases) with an increase of immigrants in these countries. For both countries, the trade deficit decreases with emigrants moving abroad. The results imply that the acceptance of immigrants is not a universal cause of trade deficit. Considering that the origin of immigrants differs between the two countries, their respective trade balance is subject to the influence of not only the number of immigrants but also the immigrants' skill level.