bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National Approaches to Circular Migration in Bulgaria and Poland
Authors: Vankova Zvezda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter aims to illustrate national variances in instruments conducive to circular migration as part of the implementation of the EU’s approach. It serves as an introduction to the two different national approaches to circular migration facilitation developed in Bulgaria and Poland, which were chosen as case studies. First, the chapter examines the respective strategies of these two countries in their pre-accession periods that influenced the instruments developed in Bulgaria and Poland. Second, it zooms in on the national contexts in order to put some flesh on the different instruments seen as fostering circular migration at the national level.
Implementation of National Approaches to Circular Migration: Work Authorisation, Residence Status, and Social Security Coordination for Migrant Workers in Bulgaria and Poland
Authors: Vankova Zvezda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter aims to assess the implementation of national and EU legal migration instruments conducive to circular migration against the study’s benchmarks in the areas of work authorisation, residence status, and social security coordination which are key policy areas that need to be considered if this type of migration is to be facilitated. Each section commences with a legal and policy analysis of these instruments as of mid-2019 and then moves on to reveal their implementation dynamics. The implementation analysis is based on data retrieved from the Bulgarian and Polish administrations, focus groups with Ukrainian and Russian migrant workers, and interviews conducted with relevant stakeholders as part of the study as well as available data from recent studies. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the developed instruments against the study’s benchmarks in these three policy areas, looking inter alia into the possibility for migrants to change employer and occupation, access prolonged status, and export their pensions.
Conclusions and Recommendations
Authors: Vankova Zvezda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis book demonstrated that the EU’s circular migration concept has entered the migration policy agendas of Bulgaria and Poland as part of the policy transfer driven by the process of Europeanisation. Furthermore, it became clear that the concept of circular migration, as it has been promoted by the EU, serves as an empty shell that is shaped by different EU and national instruments, depending on local contexts and labour market needs. This chapter aims to answer the main research question of this study, namely: how the EU’s approach to circular migration has been implemented through the developed legal and policy instruments, and does it provide for rights-based circularity for migrant workers in the Central and Eastern European context. The chapter concludes with policy recommendations to this end.
European Union’s Democratic Legitimacy after the MoUs: The Political Legacy of an Economic Crisis
Authors: Katsikas Dimitris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter focuses on two significant aspects of crisis management in the Eurozone: (a) its democratic legitimacy and (b) its socioeconomic consequences. The two issues are very important, since both the socioeconomic effects of an adjustment program and its democratic credentials determine to a large extent its “ownership” by local societies and consequently its chances of success. Effectively, these two aspects refer to the “input” and “output” side of democratic legitimacy, that is, to legitimation through democratic processes and representation, and policy outcomes respectively. The analysis evaluates the first aspect of the legitimacy equation using criteria derived from democratic theory and applying them to the governance structure of the bailout programs. On the second aspect of legitimacy, that of outcomes, the socioeconomic consequences of the crisis management are reviewed, and their distributive aspects discussed. The chapter demonstrates that the EU’s legitimacy has suffered along both aspects as a result of the crisis and the way it was handled. This leaves the EU in a particularly vulnerable state in the event of a future crisis.
Unfolding the Educational and Practical Resources Inherent in Mathematics for Teaching Mathematics
Authors: Wittmann Erich Christian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe objective of this introductory chapter is to explain the common rationale behind the papers of this volume. The structure is as follows. The first section shows that learning environments are a natural way to address teachers in their main role, teaching, and that therefore this approach is promising for improving mathematics teaching in an effective way. The section ends with a teaching model based on Guy Brousseau’s theory of didactical situations.
Collective Teaching Experiments: Organizing a Systemic Cooperation Between Reflective Researchers and Reflective Teachers in Mathematics Education
Authors: Wittmann Erich Christian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe success of any substantial innovation in mathematics teaching depends crucially on the ability and readiness of teachers to make sense of this innovation and to transform it effectively and creatively to their context. This refers not only to the design and the implementation of learning environments but also to their empirical foundation. Empirical studies conducted in the usual style are not the only option for supporting the design empirically. Another option consists of uncovering the empirical information that is inherent in mathematics by means of structure-genetic didactical analyses. In this chapter, a third option is proposed as particularly suited to bridge the gap between didactical theories and practice: collective teaching experiments.
Understanding and Organizing Mathematics Education as a Design Science–Origins and New Developments
Authors: Wittmann Erich Christian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe objective of this paper is

to revisit briefly the conception of mathematics education as a design science as it has been evolving alongside the developmental research in the project Mathe 2000 from 1987 to 2012

to report in some detail on recent developments, as concerns both conceptual and practical issues.

The paper is a plea for appreciating and (re-)installing “well-understood mathematics” as the natural foundation for teaching and learning mathematics.
Clinical Interviews Embedded in the “Philosophy of Teaching Units”—A Means of Developing Teachers’ Attitudes and Skills
Authors: Wittmann Erich Christian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWithin the field of mathematics education there is at present a clearly increased interest in methodological issues. This fact cannot be explained only by internal motives but is also a reaction to pressures coming from well-established disciplines, which question the academic status of mathematics education, as well as from teachers’ associations, which question the utility of mathematics education for practice.
Mathematics Education as a ‘Design Science’
Authors: Wittmann Erich Christian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMathematics education (didactics of mathematics) cannot grow without close relationships to mathematics, psychology, pedagogy and other areas. However, there is the risk that by adopting standards, methods and research contexts from other well-established disciplines, the applied nature of mathematics education may be undermined. In order to preserve the specific status and the relative autonomy of mathematics education, the suggestion to conceive of mathematics education as a “design science” is made. In a paper presented to the twenty second Annual Meeting of German mathematics educators in 1988 Heinrich Bauersfeld presented some views on the perspectives and prospects of mathematics education. It was his intention to stimulate a critical reflection’among the members of the community’ on what they do and what they could and should do in the future (Bauersfeld 1988). The early seventies have witnessed a vivid programmatic discussion on the role and nature of mathematics education in the German speaking part of Europe (cf., the papers by Bigalke, Griesel, Wittmann, Freudenthal, Otte, Dress and Tietz in the special issue 74/3 of the Zentralblatt für Didaktik der Mathematik as well as Krygowska 1972). Since then the status of mathematics education has not been considered on a larger scale despite the contributions by Bigalke (1985) and Winter (1986). So the time is overdue for redefining the basic orientation for research; therefore, Bauersfeld’s talk could hardly have been more appropriate. In recent years the interest in a better understanding of the nature and role of mathematics education has also grown considerably at the international level as indicated, for example, by the ICMI-study on ‘What is research in mathematics education and what are its results?’ launched in 1992 (cf., Balacheff et al. 1992). The following considerations are intended both as a critical analysis of the present situation and an attempt to capture the specificity of mathematics education. Like Bauersfeld, the author presents them ‘in full subjectivity and in a concise way’ as a kind of ‘thinking aloud about our profession’. (The present paper concentrates on the didactics of mathematics although the line of argument pertains equally to the didactics of other subjects and also to education in general (cf., Clifford and Guthrie 1988, a detailed study on the identity crisis of the Schools of Education at the leading American universities).)
Long-term follow-up of children with neuroblastoma receiving radiotherapy to metastatic lesions within the German Neuroblastoma Trials NB97 and NB 2004
Authors: Jazmati Danny , Butzer Sarina , Hero Barbara , Doyen Jerome , Ahmad Khalil Dalia , Steinmeier Theresa , Schulze Schleithoff Stefanie , Eggert Angelika , Simon Thorsten , Timmermann Beate 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid malignancy during childhood. Despite a multimodal treatment approach, the prognosis of patients with metastatic NB is not satisfactory. Although radiotherapy (RT) has become an integral part of treatment of the primary tumor, the role of RT in osteomedullary lesions is not well defined. A retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of RT for metastatic sites in children with high-risk NB.

Methods
All patients with stage 4 NB from the prospective, multicenter NB trials NB97 and NB2004 who received RT to metastatic sites during frontline treatment were included in this retrospective analysis.

Results
A total of 18 children were irradiated with a median dose of 36 Gray (Gy; range 20–45 Gy) to one or more (range 1–3) osteomedullary metastases with or without concomitant RT to the primary tumor site. The median follow-up time was 149 months (range 55–220) in survivors. At 5 years, local relapse-free survival (LRFS) at irradiated metastatic sites and metastases-free survival (MFS) at distant, non-irradiated site rates were 51.4 and 39.9%, respectively. The estimated overall survival (OS) rate at 5 years was 49.4%. No high-grade acute or late toxicity and no secondary malignancy was reported.

Conclusion
RT to metastases is feasible for patients with stage 4 NB. However, an impact of RT to residual metastatic sites on outcome was not found. Studies with larger cohorts or prospective trials would be desirable in order to elucidate the role of RT for metastases.
Success factors for introducing industrial human-robot interaction in practice: an empirically driven framework
Authors: Kopp Tobias , Baumgartner Marco , Kinkel Steffen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHuman-robot interaction (HRI) promises to be a means whereby manufacturing companies will be able to address current challenges like a higher demand for customization. However, despite comparably low costs, there are only few applications in practice. To date, it remains unclear which factors facilitate or hinder the successful introduction of industrial collaborative robots (cobots). In a three-step approach, we first developed a comprehensive two-dimensional framework covering three separate phases and four essential components for human-robot working systems. Secondly, we reviewed related literature to identify relevant success factors. Thirdly, in an online survey we asked leading representatives of German manufacturing companies (n= 81) to assess the importance of these factors from a practical point of view. The results reveal that besides technology-related factors like occupational safety and appropriate cobot configuration, employee-centered factors like the fear of job loss and ensuring an appropriate level of trust in the robot are considered important. However, company representatives seem to underestimate the impact of subtle measures to increase employee acceptance which could be incorporated into internal communication strategies prior to and during the introduction of cobots. Comparative analysis based on three distinct application scenarios suggests that most success factors’ practical importance is independent of the motivation for implementing HRI. Furthermore, answers from practitioners in free-text fields reveal that success factors which intuitively come to their mind such as financial factors are not necessarily perceived most important. Finally, we argue for more application-oriented research that focuses on practically relevant factors to guide HRI research, inform cobot development, and support companies in overcoming apparent barriers.
Investigation on the droplet evaporation process on local heated substrates with different wettability
Authors: Wang Li , Liu Zeyu , Wang Xin , Yan Yuying 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMarangoni effect is one of the critical factors in the droplet evaporation process, which is caused by surface tension gradient in the droplet interface. In this study, local heating is adopted to provide a more complicated temperature distribution on the droplet surface, and a detailed numerical investigation is carried out to address the effect of Marangoni flow on the droplet evaporation behaviour. Results show that asymmetric heat source position could result in the droplet morphology being asymmetric, especially for droplets on super-hydrophilic surfaces. The evaporation rate could be affected both by the heat source position and the droplet contact angle. When placed on a smooth substrate, the droplet will slip horizontally as a result of the asymmetric heating condition. The slipping behaviour is affected by both the heat source position and the surface wettability.
Energetic management in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Valé Prince D. , Béné Jean-Claude K. , N’Guessan Antoine K. , Crockford Catherine , Deschner Tobias , Koné Inza , Girard-Buttoz Cédric , Wittig Roman M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSocioecological theories predict that, in mammals, feeding and mating competitions affect male and female energetic conditions differently but energetic studies investigating both sexes simultaneously are rare. We investigated the effect of socioecological factors on the energetic conditions of male and female western chimpanzees, a long-lived species with high degrees of male-male competition. We used behavioural data collected on one chimpanzee community in the Taï National Park over 12 months, phenological data and urinary c-peptide (UCP) measures, a marker of energy balance. We found a positive effect of food availability on UCP levels in both sexes. Dominance rank also affected chimpanzee UCP levels. High-ranking females had higher UCP levels than low-ranking ones but only in periods when no oestrus females were present in the community. In contrast, high-ranking males had higher UCP levels than low-ranking males in the presence of oestrus females but lower UCP levels in their absence. Our results suggest that oestrus female presence lessened the competitive advantages of high-ranking females in feeding competition and that low-ranking males bore higher energetic costs related to mating competition than high-ranking ones. Yet caution should apply in interpreting these results since the statistical model was only close to significance. High-ranking male and female chimpanzees spent significantly less energy. Furthermore, all chimpanzees significantly spent less time feeding and spent more energy when food availability was high. Finally, our behavioural measure of energy intake and expenditure did not correlate with UCP levels highlighting the value of non-invasive hormonal markers for field studies.Significance statementGeneral socioecological theories hypothesize that the social grouping dynamic and energetics of females are highly influenced by food competition, whereas in males, competition for sexual partners is more influential for these factors. Recent studies in the non-invasive physiological assessment of energy balance in primates have begun to test the implied relationship between chimpanzee socioecology and individual energetic condition, with inconsistent results. However, only a few studies have investigated this relationship concurrently for both sexes. Here, using non-invasive measures of energy balance in wild western chimpanzees, we found that the energetics of both males and females are related to ecological factors, such as food availability. However, female energy balance appears also to be related to increased male mating competition, as this can result in increased aggression directed from males to females, with apparent energetic costs for females.
Inhibition of macrophage proliferation dominates plaque regression in response to cholesterol lowering
Authors: Härdtner Carmen , Kornemann Jan , Krebs Katja , Ehlert Carolin A. , Jander Alina , Zou Jiadai , Starz Christopher , Rauterberg Simon , Sharipova Diana , Dufner Bianca , Hoppe Natalie , Dederichs Tsai-Sang , Willecke Florian , Stachon Peter , Heidt Timo , Wolf Dennis , von zur Mühlen Constantin , Madl Josef , Kohl Peter , Kaeser Rafael , Boettler Tobias , Pieterman Elsbeth J. , Princen Hans M. G. , Ho-Tin-Noé Benoît , Swirski Filip K. , Robbins Clinton S. , Bode Christoph , Zirlik Andreas , Hilgendorf Ingo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStatins induce plaque regression characterized by reduced macrophage content in humans, but the underlying mechanisms remain speculative. Studying the translational APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mouse model with a humanized lipoprotein metabolism, we find that systemic cholesterol lowering by oral atorvastatin or dietary restriction inhibits monocyte infiltration, and reverses macrophage accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques. Contrary to current believes, none of (1) reduced monocyte influx (studied by cell fate mapping in thorax-shielded irradiation bone marrow chimeras), (2) enhanced macrophage egress (studied by fluorescent bead labeling and transfer), or (3) atorvastatin accumulation in murine or human plaque (assessed by mass spectrometry) could adequately account for the observed loss in macrophage content in plaques that undergo phenotypic regression. Instead, suppression of local proliferation of macrophages dominates phenotypic plaque regression in response to cholesterol lowering: the lower the levels of serum LDL-cholesterol and lipid contents in murine aortic and human carotid artery plaques, the lower the rates of in situ macrophage proliferation. Our study identifies macrophage proliferation as the predominant turnover determinant and an attractive target for inducing plaque regression.
Prognostic evaluation of HCC patients undergoing surgical resection: an analysis of 8 different staging systems
Authors: Bednarsch Jan , Czigany Zoltan , Heise Daniel , Joechle Katharina , Luedde Tom , Heij Lara , Bruners Philipp , Ulmer Tom Florian , Neumann Ulf Peter , Lang Sven Arke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
No consensus exists regarding the most appropriate staging system to predict overall survival (OS) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in surgical candidates. Thus, we aimed to determine the prognostic ability of eight different staging systems in a European cohort of patients undergoing liver resection for HCC.

Methods
Patients resected for HCC between 2010 and 2019 at our institution were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Likelihood ratio (LR) χ2 (homogeneity), linear trend (LT) χ2 (discriminatory ability), and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC, explanatory ability) were used to determine the staging system with the best overall prognostic performance.

Results
Liver resection for HCC was performed in 160 patients. Median OS was 39 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 32–46 months) and median RFS was 26 months (95% CI: 16–34 months). All staging systems (BCLC, HKLC, Okuda, CLIP, ITA.LI.CA staging and score, MESH, and GRETCH) showed significant discriminatory ability regarding OS, with ITA.LI.CA score (LR χ2 30.08, LT χ2 13.90, AIC 455.27) and CLIP (LR χ2 28.65, LT χ2 18.95, AIC 460.07) being the best performing staging systems.

Conclusions
ITA.LI.CA and CLIP are the most suitable staging system to predict OS in European HCC patients scheduled for curative-intent surgery.
Association between operation volume and postoperative mortality in elective endovascular repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms: systematic review—continuation
Authors: Ronellenfitsch U. , Meisenbacher K. , Ante M. , Grilli M. , Böckler D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany surgical interventions show an inverse association between case volume per hospital/surgeon and perioperative mortality. In the first part of this systematic review it was shown that such an association also exists for the open treatment of infrarenal aortic aneurysms. The second part now examines a possible association with endovascular treatment of infrarenal aortic aneurysms.ObjectiveIn a systematic review, the data available on the association between the case volume per hospital/surgeon and perioperative mortality in elective endovascular treatment of infrarenal aortic aneurysms are presented.Materials and MethodsSystematic research using defined keywords was carried out. All original works comparing elective endovascular treatment of an infrarenal aortic aneurysm in a “high volume” center with a “low volume” center or by a “high volume” surgeon with a “low volume” surgeon, as defined in each study, were included.ResultsAfter deduplication, the literature search produced 1,021 hits. Of these, 16 publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria. With regard to the thresholds for the definition of high volume and low volume, there was marked heterogeneity between individual studies. Twelve of the 15 studies showed a significantly lower mortality in high volume than in low volume centers. The effect measures, usually odds ratios, were between 0.43 and 0.91. In the comparison between high volume and low volume surgeons, there was no difference in mortality in any of the five studies included.DiscussionThe available data on the association between case volume per hospital and surgeon and the perioperative mortality in elective endovascular treatment of infrarenal aortic aneurysms consistently show that patients operated on in high volume centers have a lower mortality. The volume per surgeon seems to have no influence on perioperative mortality. To achieve the lowest perioperative mortality possible in endovascular treatment of infrarenal aortic aneurysms, centralization with high volume per hospital should be aimed for, taking into consideration the context of the health care system.