bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Цифровая трансформация развития городской среды
Authors: Булавчук А.М. 
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена исследованию процессов цифровой трансформации городской среды. Автор определяет понятие цифровой трансформации и выделяет ее основные задачи в сфере управления городским хозяйством. В работе рассмотрены основные этапы развития информационного пространства городов и дано описание наиболее актуальной концепции – «умного города». Региональные особенности цифровой трансформации городской среды проанализированы на примере Красноярского края. Для анализа были выбраны три основных направления: вовлечение граждан в процессы принятия управленческих решений, мониторинг состояния коммунальной инфраструктуры и учет жилищно-коммунальных услуг. В ходе исследования были выявлены основные тенденции и проблемы цифровизации городской среды в Красноярском крае.
The article is devoted to the study of the processes of digital transformation of the urban environment. The author defines the concept of digital transformation and highlights its main tasks in the field of urban management. The paper considers the main stages in the development of the information space of cities and describes the most relevant concept - the "smart city". Regional features of the digital transformation of the urban environment are analyzed on the example of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Three main areas were chosen for the analysis: the involvement of citizens in the processes of making managerial decisions, monitoring the state of the communal infrastructure, and accounting for housing and communal services. The study identified the main trends and problems of digitalization of the urban environment in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Биоэтическая экспертиза редактирования информационных систем на примере редактирования генома эмбрионов человека с позиции исламских деноминаций
Authors: Минченко Т.П. , Грибков Э.Е. 
Published: December 2024

В статье представлен опыт обобщения отношения основных исламских конфессий к проблеме редактирования генома эмбриона человека. Эмбрионы человека представляют собой одну из самых совершенных саморазвивающихся информационных систем. Их программа саморазвертывания зашифрована в геноме. Новые технологии позволяют редактировать геном вплоть до радикального изменения самонастраивающихся информационных систем. В ответ на основные проблемы биоэтики и биологического права в обществе возникают биоэтические дилеммы, которые сдерживают злоупотребление новыми технологиями. Медицинские открытия, с одной стороны, могут значительно облегчить жизнь человечества, но, с другой стороны, проблема вмешательства в природу человека актуализирует самые принципиальные вопросы, касающиеся его онтологии, границ допустимых преобразований, ответственности ученого и специалиста, применяющего новейшие технологии для отдаленных и непредсказуемых последствий, обусловленных целостностью и взаимосвязанностью различных сторон человеческой природы. На основе обзора научной и религиозной литературы делается вывод о том, что, хотя исламский мир все больше использует западные модели поведения, в вопросах допустимости редактирования генома эмбриона человека с точки зрения исламской биоэтики необходимо опираться на принципы шариата и междисциплинарные знания.
The paper presents the experience of generalizing the attitude of the main Islamic denominations to the problem of editing the human embryo genome. Human embryos are one of the most advanced self-developing information systems. Their self-deployment program is encoded in the genome. New technologies make it possible to edit the genome up to a radical change in self-adjusting information systems. In response to the main problems of bioethics and biological law, bioethical dilemmas arise in society, which deter the misuse of new technologies. Medical discoveries, on the one hand, can greatly facilitate the life of mankind, but, on the other hand, the problem of interference in human nature actualizes the most fundamental questions concerning its ontology, the boundaries of permissible transformations, the responsibility of a scientist and specialist using the latest technologies for remote and unpredictable consequences. due to the integrity and interconnectedness of various aspects of human nature. Based on a review of scientific and religious literature, it is concluded that, although the Islamic world is increasingly using Western models of behavior, in terms of the admissibility of editing the human embryo genome from the point of view of Islamic bioethics, it is necessary to rely on the principles of Sharia and interdisciplinary knowledge
Пути преодоления надвигающегося кризиса развития искусственного интеллекта
Authors: Малинецкий Г.Г. , Войцехович В.Э. , Смолин В.С. 
Published: December 2024

Увеличение за последнее десятилетие числа настраиваемых параметров в современных «нейросетевых» вычислительных схемах на 8-10 десятичных порядков до сотен миллиардов и десятков триллионов позволило достичь выдающихся результатов при решении широкого класса «интеллектуальных» задач. Увеличение сложности управляющих устройств, согласно теореме Эшби о необходимом разнообразии систем управления, потенциально требуется для решения более трудных задач. Если бы стоимость, время обучения, объёмы исходных данных и даже количество потребляемой электроэнергии «нейросетей» росли пропорционально росту успехов «нейросетевых» вычислений, то уже давно бы были достигнуты пределы возможностей развития. Использование всё более широкого спектра математических идей, оптимизация алгоритмов, автоматизация сбора информации и совершенствование электроники снизили скорость роста затрат. По мере приближения к пределам разумных расходов на решение «интеллектуальных» задач, акцент развития всё больше переносится с аппаратных средств реализации алгоритма обратного распространения ошибки (BPE, backpropagation error) на другие математические подходы. Успех в реализация таких простых идей, как локализация памяти, декомпозиция сложных объектов и линеаризация преобразований может дать новый импульс развитию искусственного интеллекта (ИИ), сравнимый с внедрением идеи градиентного спуска при обучении «глубоких нейросетей», которая уже привела к революции в машинном обучении.
Over the past decade, the increase in the number of adjustable parameters in modern "neural network" computing schemes by 8-10 decimal orders up to hundreds of billions and tens of trillions has made it possible to achieve outstanding results in solving a wide class of "intelligent" problems. Increasing the complexity of control devices, according to Ashby's theorem on the necessary variety of control systems, is potentially required to solve more difficult problems. If the cost, training time, initial data volumes and even the electricity amount consumed by "neural networks" grew in proportion to the growth of the success of "neural network" calculations, then the limits of development possibilities would have been reached long ago. The use of an ever-wider range of mathematical ideas, algorithms optimization, information collection automation and improvement in electronics have reduced the rate of cost growth. As we approach the limits of reasonable costs for solving "intellectual" problems, the focus of development is increasingly transferred from the backpropagation error algorithm (BPE) hardware implementation to other mathematical approaches. Success in the implementation of such simple ideas as memory localization, decomposition of complex objects and linearization of transformations can give a new impetus to the artificial intelligence (AI) development, comparable to the introduction of the idea of ​​gradient descent in training "deep neural networks", which has already led to a revolution in machine learning.
Методика выборочного обследования в оценке технико-экономических характеристик промышленной продукции на этапе планирования и управления производством
Authors: Лукина С.В. , Овчинников С.А. , Андреев В.Н. , Макаров В.В. 
Published: December 2024

В статье разработана методика выборочного обследования в оценке технико-экономических характеристик промышленной продукции. Методика позволяет производить комплексную оценку промышленной продукции на этапе планирования и управления производством. Основу методики составляет комплекс математических и статистических моделей формирования выборочной совокупности параметров промышленной продукции с учетом влияния факторов внутренней и внешней среды предприятия и управления процессом принятия решений по комплексу частных показателей десяти групп. Методика автоматизирована с использованием инструментальных средств MS Excel.
The article develops a sampling survey methodology for assessing the technical and economic characteristics of industrial products. The technique allows to produce complex industrial products at the stage of planning and management of production. The basis of the methodology is a set of mathematical and statistical models for the formation of a sample set of parameters of industrial products, taking into account the influence of factors of the internal and external environment of the enterprise and the management of the decision-making process on a set of private indicators of ten groups. The methodology is automated using MS Excel tools.
Интенсивное программирование
Authors: Недоря А.Е. 
Published: December 2024

В статья рассматривается состояние программирование через понятия «экстенсивный» и «интенсивный». На основе статистических данных, показан «экстенсивный» характер современного программирования, описан путь перехода к интенсивному программированию и его преимущества.
The article examines the state of programming through the concepts of "extensive" and "intensive". Based on statistical data, it shows the "extensive" natue of current programming and describes the path of transition to intensive programming and its advantages.
Recuo ou avanço da democratização da escola básica em Moçambique? Uma reflexão a partir do Manual de Apoio ao Conselho de Escola de 2015 em vigor
Authors: Tamele Crescêncio , Zimbico Octávio 
Published: December 2024

A legislação educativa moçambicana vigente de 1992 até à actualidade preconiza que o sistema educativo moçambicano se norteia pelos princípios básicos democráticos, como forma de permitir que, na gestão e administração escolar, haja participação dos pais e/ou encarregados de educação e membros da comunidade no geral. Partindo desse pressuposto, através de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo bibliográfico e uso da análise documental como técnica de recolha de dados, propusemo-nos a reflectir acerca da democratização da escola básica em Moçambique a partir das orientações emanadas no Manual de Apoio ao Conselho De Escola de 2015 em vigor. Os resultados do estudo apontam que, diferentemente do anterior Manual de Apoio ao Conselho De Escola vigente de 2005 a 2014, o manual em vigor desde 2015 apesar de preconizar que o conselho escolar é um órgão máximo da escola, o mesmo não detem do poder deliberativo, mas sim consultivo. Diante desta constatação, levanta-se a seguinte reflexão: Será que haverá avanços ou recuos da democratização da escola num contexto em que o conselho escolar se afigura como órgão consultivo e não deliberativo? 2. Se mesmo aquando da vigência do manual de conselho da escola que atribuía o poder deliberativo ao conselho escolar, a participação dos membros do conselho da escola nos processos decisórios já era limitada, como será com a vigência do manual de 2015? Portanto, a hipótese que se levanta neste estudo é de que o manual do conselho da escola em vigência pode retroceder os avanços da democratização da escola básica até aqui alcançados à luz do anterior manual visto que a gestão diária da escola reflecte as políticas e directrizes emanadas a nível central.
Palavras-chave: Escola Básica; Democratização escolar; Conselho da Escola.
Escola, Juventude(s) e Currículo do Ensino Médio
Authors: Ribeiro Amelia Escotto do Amaral , Araújo Maria Dalvaneide De Oliveira 
Published: December 2024

Tensões e contradições quanto à função e ao sentido do Ensino Médio, no contexto brasileiro, são recorrentes. Boa parte delas são provocadas pelas aproximações e distanciamentos entre a escola, o currículo e a(s) juventudes(s). Esse cenário é fortemente influenciado pelo acesso à escola de novos sujeitos, cuja pluralidade de perfis e aspirações desafiam currículos, práticas e oferecimento de uma formação humana integral (DAAYRELL, CARRANO, MAIA, 2014). Considerando dados de pesquisa qualitativa (LUDCK; ANDRÉ, 1986) e inspirado no paradigma indiciário (GINZBURG 1992), este artigo reflete sobre a função e os sentidos do Ensino Médio com base nas percepções de estudantes da Baixada Fluminense/RJ. Esses sujeitos, apesar da descrença em relação à escola, reeditam a ideia de preparação para o futuro, enxergando-a como lugar de acesso ao conhecimento por meio do ensino e como espaço de formação para o trabalho
Анализ технологий кибератак на инфраструктуру АСУ ТП объектов водоснабжения с использованием веб-ориентированного вредоносного программного обеспечения
Authors: Кинебас А.К. , Киселёв А.Н. , Платонов А.А. 
Published: December 2024

Приведены результаты анализа современных технологий кибератак на инфраструктуру автоматизированных систем управления технологическими процессами объектов водоснабжения с использованием веб-ориентированного вредоносного программного обеспечения. Детально рассмотрена технология функционирования вредоносного программного обеспечения, использующего принципиально новый подход эксплуатации уязвимостей в веб-инфраструктуре современных программируемых логических контроллерах. Рассмотрены основные сценарии проведения кибератак на инфраструктуру автоматизированных систем управления технологическими процессами объектов водоснабжения. Предложены практические рекомендации, направленные на снижение рисков от кибератак, повышение устойчивости к злонамеренным действиям и обеспечение информационной безопасности.
The results of analyzing the modern technologies of cyber-attacks on the infrastructure of automated process control systems of water utilities with web-oriented malware are presented. The technology of malware action using a fundamentally new approach to exploiting vulnerabilities in the web infrastructure of modern programmable logic controllers is considered in detail. Main scenarios of cyber-attacks on the infrastructure of automated process control systems of water utilities are considered. Practical recommendations are proposed focused on reducing the risks of cyber-attacks, increasing resistance to malicious actions and ensuring information security.
Определение толщины стенки гибких полимерных рукавов для восстановления трубопроводов класса состояния I
Authors: Захаров Ю.С. 
Published: December 2024

Одним из основных параметров, определяющих срок эксплуатации восстановленного с использованием гибких полимерных рукавов трубопровода безнапорной системы водоотведения, а также экономическую эффективность ремонтно-восстановительных мероприятий, является толщина стенки рукава. Толщина стенки гибкого полимерного рукава определяется на основании статического расчета, алгоритм которого зависит от состояния восстанавливаемого трубопровода и действующих на него нагрузок. В настоящее время для расчета толщины стенки гибкого полимерного рукава используются специализированные программы, разработанные зарубежными фирмами. Предлагается методика статического расчета гибких полимерных рукавов, отверждаемых внутри трубопровода, которая позволяет с помощью таблиц и графиков определить толщину стенки рукава при восстановлении трубопровода класса состояния I, когда основной нагрузкой, действующей на систему «новая полимерная труба – трубопровод», является давление грунтовых вод.
The wall thickness is one of the main parameters that determine both the service life of a gravity sewer pipeline subject to rehabilitation with the use of flexible polymer liners, and the economic efficiency of repair and rehabilitation activities. The wall thickness of a flexible polymer liner is determined based on a static calculation with the algorithm depending on the condition of the pipeline subject to rehabilitation and the loads acting on it. At present, special software developed by foreign companies is used to calculate the wall thickness of a flexible polymer liner. A method for static calculation of flexible polymer liners cured inside a pipeline is proposed that while using tables and graphs allows determining the liner wall thickness during the rehabilitation of a state class I pipeline, provided the main load acting on the «new polymer pipe – pipeline» system is groundwater pressure.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese military personnel: A cross-sectional, multicenter-based study
Authors: Min Han-Chen , Zhang Chun-Yan , Wang Fang-Yu , Yu Xiao-Hui , Tang Shan-Hong , Zhu Hong-Wu , Zhao Ya-Gang , Liu Ji-Luo , Wang Jian , Guo Jing-Han , Zhang Xiao-Mei , Yang Yun-Sheng 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) infection is a prevalent disease encountered in military internal medicine and recognized as the main cause of dyspepsia, gastritis, and peptic ulcer, which are common diseases in military personnel. Current guidelines in China state all patients with evidence of active infection with H. pylori are offered treatment. However, the prevalence of H. pylori infection and its regional distribution in the military population remain unclear, which hinders effective prevention and treatment strategies. Understanding the prevalence of H. pylori infection in the military population will aid in the development of customized strategies to better manage this infectious disease.
AIM
To investigate the prevalence of H. pylori infection in the Chinese military population in different geographic areas.
METHODS
This multicenter, retrospective study included 22421 individuals from five tertiary hospitals located in north, east, southwest, and northwest cities of China. H. pylori infection was identified using the urea breath test, which had been performed between January 2020 and December 2021.
RESULTS
Of the 22421 military service members, 7416 (33.1%) were urea breath test-positive. The highest prevalence of H. pylori was in the 30-39 years age group for military personnel, with an infection rate of 34.9%. The majority of infected subjects were younger than 40-years-old, accounting for 70.4% of the infected population. The individuals serviced in Lanzhou and Chengdu showed a higher infection prevalence than those in Beijing, Nanjing, and Guangzhou, with prevalence rates of 44.3%, 37.9%, 29.0%, 31.1%, and 32.3%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
H. pylori infection remains a common infectious disease among military personnel in China and has a relatively high prevalence rate in northwest China.
Poorly controlled type II diabetes mellitus significantly enhances postoperative chemoresistance in patients with stage III colon cancer
Authors: Guan Ruo-Yu , Wu Jia-Wei , Yuan Zi-Yun , Liu Zhi-Yuan , Liu Zi-Zhu , Xiao Zhi-Cong , Li Jing-Hui , Huang Cheng-Zhi , Wang Jun-Jiang , Yao Xue-Qing 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been associated with increased risk of colon cancer (CC) and worse prognosis in patients with metastases. The effects of T2DM on postoperative chemoresistance rate (CRR) and long-term disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with stage III CC who receive curative resection remain controversial.
AIM
To investigate whether T2DM or glycemic control is associated with worse postoperative survival outcomes in stage III CC.
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study included 278 patients aged 40-75 years who underwent surgery for stage III CC from 2018 to 2021. Based on preoperative T2DM history, the patients were categorized into non-DM (n = 160) and DM groups (n = 118). The latter was further divided into well-controlled (n = 73) and poorly controlled (n = 45) groups depending on the status of glycemic control. DFS, OS, and CRR were compared between the groups and Cox regression analysis was used to identify risk factors.
RESULTS
Patients in the DM and non-DM groups demonstrated similar DFS, OS, and CRR (DFS: 72.03% vs 78.75%, P = 0.178; OS: 81.36% vs 83.12%, P = 0.638; CRR: 14.41% vs 7.5%, P = 0.063). Poorly controlled DM was associated with a significantly worse prognosis and higher CRR than well-controlled DM (DFS: 62.22% vs 78.07%, P = 0.021; OS: 71.11% vs 87.67%, P = 0.011; CRR: 24.40% vs 8.22%, P = 0.015). High preoperative fasting plasma glucose [DFS: Hazard ratio (HR) = 2.684, P < 0.001; OS: HR = 2.105, P = 0.019; CRR: HR = 2.214, P = 0.005] and glycosylated hemoglobin levels (DFS: HR = 2.344, P = 0.006; OS: HR = 2.119, P = 0.021; CRR: HR = 2.449, P = 0.009) indicated significantly poor prognosis and high CRR, while T2DM history did not (DFS: HR = 1.178, P = 0.327; OS: HR = 0.933, P = 0.739; CRR: HR = 0.997, P = 0.581).
CONCLUSION
Increased preoperative fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels, but not T2DM history, were identified as risk factors associated with poor postoperative outcomes and high CRR in patients with stage III CC.
Legal aspects of critical infrastructure cybersecurity provision: national and international dimension
Authors: DOVHAN O. , TKACHUK T. 
Published: December 2024

The article examines the legal aspects of ensuring cybersecurity of critical infrastructure, which is a fundamental element of national security in the modern world. Critical infrastructure, such as energy systems, transport networks, the banking sector and government institutions, are of particular value and at the same time are the most vulnerable to cyber threats. Given the constant increase in the number and complexity of cyber incidents, ensuring legal regulation of this area is a key challenge for states. The paper analyzes the national legislation of Ukraine, in particular the legislative acts regulating the cybersecurity of critical infrastructure, such as the Law of Ukraine “On the Basic Principles of Ensuring Cybersecurity of Ukraine” and related regulatory legal acts. It examines the extent to which these documents meet modern challenges, including the conditions of martial law, increasing digitalization and globalization of cyber threats. Particular attention is paid to information protection mechanisms and interdepartmental coordination, as well as their effectiveness in practical implementation. The article also considers international experience in the field of cybersecurity, in particular the approaches implemented in the European Union, the USA and other countries. An analysis of key international standards and recommendations, such as NIST, ISO/IEC 27001, and the European NIS2 Directive, is carried out, which are aimed at increasing the resilience of critical infrastructure to cyber threats. It shows how international cooperation and integration into global initiatives, including NATO, OSCE and EU, can contribute to improving cybersecurity at the national level. The results of the study revealed a number of problems that complicate the effective legal regulation of cybersecurity in Ukraine: the lack of a comprehensive approach to cyber risk management, weak integration of international standards into national legislation, limited resources to respond to cyber threats. The paper proposes specific ways to improve legal regulation, including harmonizing national legislation with international norms, developing clear mechanisms for cooperation between government agencies, the private sector and international partners, as well as strengthening the training of cybersecurity specialists. The paper emphasizes the importance of strategic planning in the field of cybersecurity, the formation of long-term state policy and the active involvement of international organizations in the development of this industry. The article may be useful for academics, civil servants, private sector representatives and international experts dealing with cybersecurity, information security and legal regulation in the context of digitalization.