bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of automated three‐dimensional ultrasound imaging technique for fetal head biometry
Authors: Pluym I. D. , Afshar Y. , Holliman K. , Kwan L. , Bolagani A. , Mok T. , Silver B. , Ramirez E. , Han C. S. , Platt L. D. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the accuracy of an automated three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound technique for fetal intracranial measurements compared with manual acquisition.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of patients presenting for routine anatomical survey between 18 + 0 and 22 + 6 weeks' gestation. After providing informed consent, each patient underwent two consecutive ultrasound examinations of the fetal head, one by a sonographer and one by a physician. Each operator obtained manual measurements of the biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), transcerebellar diameter (TCD), cisterna magna (CM) and posterior horn of the lateral ventricle (Vp), followed by automated measurements of these structures using an artificial intelligence‐based tool, SonoCNS® Fetal Brain. Both operators repeated the automated approach until all five measurements were obtained in a single sweep, up to a maximum of three attempts. The accuracy of automated measurements was compared with that of manual measurements using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) by operator type, accounting for patient and ultrasound characteristics.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐three women were enrolled in the study. Median body mass index was 24.0 kg/m2 (interquartile range (IQR), 22.5–26.8 kg/m2) and median subcutaneous thickness was 1.6 cm (IQR, 1.3–2.0 cm). Fifteen (10%) patients had at least one prior Cesarean delivery, 17 (12%) had other abdominal surgery and 78 (55%) had an anterior placenta. Successful acquisition of the automated measurements was achieved on the first, second and third attempts in 70%, 22% and 3% of patients, respectively, by sonographers and in 76%, 16% and 3% of cases, respectively, by physicians. The automated algorithm was not able to identify and measure all five structures correctly in six (4%) and seven (5%) patients scanned by the sonographers and physicians, respectively. The ICCs reflected good reliability (0.80–0.88) of the automated compared with the manual approach for BPD and HC and poor to moderate reliability (0.23–0.50) for TCD, CM and Vp. Fetal lie, head position, placental location, maternal subcutaneous thickness and prior Cesarean section were not associated with the success or accuracy of the automated technique.ConclusionsAutomated 3D ultrasound imaging of the fetal head using SonoCNS reliably identified and measured BPD and HC but was less consistent in accurately identifying and measuring TCD, CM and Vp. While these results are encouraging, further optimization of the automated technology is necessary prior to incorporation of the technique into routine sonographic protocols. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Competing‐risks model for prediction of small‐for‐gestational‐age neonate from maternal characteristics and serum pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A at 11–13 weeks' gestation
Authors: Papastefanou I. , Wright D. , Syngelaki A. , Lolos M. , Anampousi K. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo develop a continuous likelihood model for pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A), in the context of a new competing‐risks model for prediction of a small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonate, and to compare the predictive performance of the new model for SGA to that of previous methods.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of 60 875 women with singleton pregnancy undergoing routine ultrasound examination at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation. The dataset was divided randomly into a training dataset and a test dataset. The training dataset was used for PAPP‐A likelihood model development. We used Bayes' theorem to combine the previously developed prior model for the joint Gaussian distribution of gestational age (GA) at delivery and birth‐weight Z‐score with the PAPP‐A likelihood to obtain a posterior distribution. This patient‐specific posterior joint Gaussian distribution of GA at delivery and birth‐weight Z‐score allows risk calculation for SGA defined in terms of different birth‐weight percentiles and GA. The new model was validated internally in the test dataset and we compared its predictive performance to that of the risk‐scoring system of the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and that of logistic regression models for different SGA definitions.ResultsPAPP‐A has a continuous association with both birth‐weight Z‐score and GA at delivery according to a folded‐plane regression. The new model, with the addition of PAPP‐A, was equal or superior to several logistic regression models. The new model performed well in terms of risk calibration and consistency across different GAs and birth‐weight percentiles. In the test dataset, at a false‐positive rate of about 30% using the criteria defined by NICE, the new model predicted 62.7%, 66.5%, 68.1% and 75.3% of cases of a SGA neonate with birth weight < 10th percentile delivered at < 42, < 37, < 34 and < 30 weeks' gestation, respectively, which were significantly higher than the respective values of 46.7%, 55.0%, 55.9% and 52.8% achieved by application of the NICE guidelines.ConclusionsUsing Bayes' theorem to combine PAPP‐A measurement data with maternal characteristics improves the prediction of SGA and performs better than logistic regression or NICE guidelines, in the context of a new competing‐risks model for the joint distribution of birth‐weight Z‐score and GA at delivery. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Emerging nanobiomaterials against bacterial infections in postantibiotic era
Authors: Hu Dengfeng , Zou Lingyun , Gao Yifan , Jin Qiao , Ji Jian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough numerous antibiotics have been developed and applied in clinic, bacterial infections are still serious threats to human health, due to the rapidly growing antibiotic resistance all over the world. The causes of antibiotic resistance include two main aspects: the formation of bacterial biofilms and the self‐evolution of bacteria under the antibiotic selection pressure. It is of great significance to develop effective strategies to treat the bacterial infections with serious antibiotic resistance. With excellent performance, such as size effect, specific physicochemical property, easy modification, and so on, nanomaterials exhibit enormous potential as enhancers or therapeutic agents to treat severe drug‐resistant bacterial infections. In this review, the underlying causes for the antibiotic resistance are fully summarized and discussed. Subsequently, the promising therapeutic methods by using nanomaterials are provided and discussed to treat bacterial infections with serious antibiotic resistance.
Physicochemical properties of bacterial cellulose obtained from different Kombucha fermentation conditions
Authors: Villarreal‐Soto Silvia A. , Bouajila Jalloul , Beaufort Sandra , Bonneaud Denis , Souchard Jean‐Pierre , Taillandier Patricia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe production of bacterial cellulose has been limited due to its high cost and low productivity. Alternative low‐cost sources of this biopolymer of high purity and biocompatibility are needed in order to benefit from its enormous potential. Kombucha tea is a trend functional beverage whose production is growing exponentially worldwide, and the bacteria present in this fermented beverage belonging to the genus Komagataeibacter are capable of producing a crystalline biofilm with interesting properties. Obtaining bacterial cellulose from Kombucha tea has already been studied, however several fermentation conditions are being optimized in order to scale‐up its production. In this study, we characterized the bacterial cellulose produced from three different Kombucha fermentation conditions. The scanning electron microscopy images revealed the crystalline structure of the biofilms. The energy‐dispersive x‐ray analysis exhibited the chemical composition of the crystals. The thermogravimetric analysis showed a rate of degradation between 490 and 560°C and the differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the presence of crystalline and amorphous regions in the bacterial cellulose samples. The results suggested that crystalline cellulose could be obtained by varying the fermentation conditions of Kombucha tea.
The time‐course of speech perception revealed by temporally‐sensitive neural measures
Authors: Getz Laura M. , Toscano Joseph C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent advances in cognitive neuroscience have provided a detailed picture of the early time‐course of speech perception. In this review, we highlight this work, placing it within the broader context of research on the neurobiology of speech processing, and discuss how these data point us toward new models of speech perception and spoken language comprehension. We focus, in particular, on temporally‐sensitive measures that allow us to directly measure early perceptual processes. Overall, the data provide support for two key principles: (a) speech perception is based on gradient representations of speech sounds and (b) speech perception is interactive and receives input from higher‐level linguistic context at the earliest stages of cortical processing. Implications for models of speech processing and the neurobiology of language more broadly are discussed.This article is categorized under:
Psychology > Language
Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics
Neuroscience > Cognition
Impacts of the season and reproductive status on fecal reproductive and adrenocortical steroid metabolites in zoo Cuban crocodiles (Crocodylus rhombifer)
Authors: Augustine Lauren , Miller Kyle , Peters Alan , Franklin Ashley D. , Steinbeiser Cathleen M. , Brown Janine L. , Prado Natalia A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConservation strategies for crocodilians often include captive breeding to create stable assurance populations. Evaluating adrenal and gonadal hormone patterns can provide animal managers with data to more effectively monitor animal welfare and reproductive status. This study evaluated the effects of season (breeding, nesting, or off), sex (male and female), and reproductive status of females (egg‐laying/housed with a male or non‐laying/housed solo) on concentrations of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM), fecal androgen metabolite (FAM), and fecal progestogen metabolite (FPM) in seven Cuban crocodiles, Crocodylus rhombifer, at the Smithsonian's National Zoological Park. Overall, seasonal changes in FGM and FPM concentrations were only observed in egg‐laying females; FGM and FPM concentrations were both higher during the nesting season compared to the breeding and off seasons. Seasonal changes in FAM concentrations were only observed in males; males had higher FAM concentrations during the breeding and nesting seasons compared to the off season. Future studies investigating the use of fecal hormone metabolites in crocodilians are necessary to understand differences between individuals and species, to further elucidate the interactions between hormones and environmental factors, such as social housing, and to develop long‐term datasets for the management of this species.
On vector-valued Schrödinger operators with unbounded diffusion in $$L^p$$ spaces
Authors: Angiuli Luciana , Lorenzi Luca , Mangino Elisabetta , Rhandi Abdelaziz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe prove generation results of analytic strongly continuous semigroups on $$L^p({{\mathbb {R}}}^d,{{\mathbb {R}}}^m)$$

L
p

(

R

d

,

R

m

)

($$1<p<\infty $$

1
<
p
<
∞

) for a class of vector-valued Schrödinger operators with unbounded coefficients. We also prove Gaussian type estimates for such semigroups.
Gravity reference at the Argentinean–German Geodetic Observatory (AGGO) by co-location of superconducting and absolute gravity measurements
Authors: Antokoletz Ezequiel D. , Wziontek Hartmut , Tocho Claudia N. , Falk Reinhard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Argentinean–German Geodetic Observatory (AGGO) is a fundamental geodetic observatory located close to the city of La Plata, Argentina. Two high-precision gravity meters are installed at AGGO: the superconducting gravimeter SG038, which is in operation since December 2015, and the absolute gravimeter FG5-227, which has provided absolute gravity measurements since January 2018. By co-location of gravity observations from both meters between January 2018 and March 2019, calibration factor and instrumental drift of the SG038 were determined. The calibration factor of the SG038 was estimated by different strategies: from tidal models, dedicated absolute gravity measurements over several days and a joint approach (including the determination of the instrumental drift) using all available absolute gravity data. The final calibration factor differs from the determination at the previous station, the transportable integrated geodetic observatory, in Concepcion, Chile, by only 0.7‰, which does not imply a significant change. From the combined approach also the mean absolute level of the SG was determined, allowing to predict absolute gravity values from the SG at any time based on a repeatability of $$12\,\hbox {nm}/\hbox {s}^{2}$$

12

nm
/

s
2

for the FG5-227 at AGGO. Such a continuous gravity reference function provides the basis for a comparison site for absolute gravimeters in the frame of the international gravity reference frame for South America and the Caribbean. However, it requires the assessment of the total error budget of the FG5-227, including the link to the international comparisons, which will be subject of future efforts.
SARS-CoV-2 associated Guillain–Barré syndrome
Authors: Pelea Teodor , Reuter Ursula , Schmidt Christine , Laubinger Raimondo , Siegmund Robert , Walther Bjoern Wito 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPresented herein is a severe case of SARS-CoV-2 associated Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), showing only slight improvement despite adequate therapy. To date, only few cases of GBS associated with this infection have been described. This case report summarizes the insights gain so far to GBS with this antecedent trigger. So far, attention has mostly focused on complications of the CNS involvement. Taking into account that GBS can cause a considerable impairment of the respiratory system, clinicians dealing with SARS-CoV-2 positive-tested patients should pay attention to symptoms of the peripheral nervous system. As far as we know from this reported case and the review of the current literature, there seems to be no association with antiganglioside antibodies or a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in CSF. An obvious frequent occurrence of a bilateral facial weakness or bilateral peripheral facial diplegia should be emphasized.
Anticancer effects of the PLK4 inhibitors CFI-400945 and centrinone in Ewing’s sarcoma cells
Authors: Kerschner-Morales Sophie L. , Kühne Marie , Becker Sabine , Beck James F. , Sonnemann Jürgen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) inhibitors, such as CFI-400945 and centrinone, are emerging as promising antineoplastic agents. However, their effectiveness against Ewing’s sarcoma, a highly aggressive childhood cancer, remains to be established.

Methods
CFI-400945 and centrinone were tested in three Ewing’s sarcoma cell lines with different TP53 status. Effects were assessed by flow-cytometric analyses of cell death, dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and cell cycle distribution, by cell viability assay as well as by caspase 3/7 activity measurement, by immunoblotting and by immunofluorescence microscopy.

Results
CFI-400945 and centrinone elicited cell death in p53 wild-type and mutant Ewing’s sarcoma cells. Both agents induced mitochondrial membrane depolarisation, caspase 3/7 activation, PARP1 cleavage and DNA fragmentation, indicating an apoptotic form of cell death. In addition, the PLK4 inhibitors induced a G2/M cell cycle arrest, particularly when cell killing was attenuated by the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. Moreover, CFI-400945 treatment produced polyploidy.

Conclusion
Our findings show that PLK4 inhibitors were effective against Ewing’s sarcoma cells in vitro and thus provide a rationale for their evaluation in vivo.
Opening practice: supporting reproducibility and critical spatial data science
Authors: Brunsdon Chris , Comber Alexis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper reflects on a number of trends towards a more open and reproducible approach to geographic and spatial data science over recent years. In particular, it considers trends towards Big Data, and the impacts this is having onspatialdata analysis and modelling. It identifies a turn in academia towards coding as a core analytic tool, and away from proprietary software tools offering ‘black boxes’ where the internal workings of the analysis are not revealed. It is argued that this closed form software is problematic and considers a number of ways in which issues identified in spatial data analysis (such as the MAUP) could be overlooked when working with closed tools, leading to problems of interpretation and possibly inappropriate actions and policies based on these. In addition, this paper considers the role that reproducible and open spatial science may play in such an approach, taking into account the issues raised. It highlights the dangers of failing to account for the geographical properties of data, now that all data are spatial (they are collected somewhere), the problems of a desire for$$n$$n = allobservations in data science and it identifies the need for a critical approach. This is one in which openness, transparency, sharing and reproducibility provide a mantra for defensible and robust spatial data science.
Robust data envelopment analysis via ellipsoidal uncertainty sets with application to the Italian banking industry
Authors: Mensah Emmanuel Kwasi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper extends the conventional DEA models to a robust DEA (RDEA) framework by proposing new models for evaluating the efficiency of a set of homogeneous decision-making units (DMUs) under ellipsoidal uncertainty sets. Four main contributions are made: (1) we propose new RDEA models based on two uncertainty sets: an ellipsoidal set that models unbounded and correlated uncertainties and an interval-based ellipsoidal uncertainty set that models bounded and correlated uncertainties, and study the relationship between the RDEA models of these two sets, (2) we provide a robust classification scheme where DMUs can be classified into fully robust efficient, partially robust efficient and robust inefficient, (3) the proposed models are extended to the additive DEA model and its efficacy is analyzed with two imprecise additive DEA models in the literature, and finally, (4) we apply the proposed models to study the performance of banks in the Italian banking industry. We show that few banks which were resilient in their performance can be robustly classified as partially efficient or fully efficient in an uncertain environment.
The RALph miner for automated discovery and verification of resource-aware process models
Authors: Cabanillas Cristina , Ackermann Lars , Schönig Stefan , Sturm Christian , Mendling Jan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAutomated process discovery is a technique that extracts models of executed processes from event logs. Logs typically include information about the activities performed, their timestamps and the resources that were involved in their execution. Recent approaches to process discovery put a special emphasis on (human) resources, aiming at constructing resource-aware process models that contain the inferred resource assignment constraints. Such constraints can be complex and process discovery approaches so far have missed the opportunity to represent expressive resource assignments graphically together with process models. A subsequent verification of the extracted resource-aware process models is required in order to check the proper utilisation of resources according to the resource assignments. So far, research on discovering resource-aware process models has assumed that models can be put into operation without modification and checking. Integrating resource mining and resource-aware process model verification faces the challenge that different types of resource assignment languages are used for each task. In this paper, we present an integrated solution that comprises (i) a resource mining technique that builds upon a highly expressive graphical notation for defining resource assignments; and (ii) automated model-checking support to validate the discovered resource-aware process models. All the concepts reported in this paper have been implemented and evaluated in terms of feasibility and performance.
Efficiency of Illusory Choice Used as a Variant of Situation Selection for Regulating Emotions: Reduction of Positive Experience But Preservation of Physiological Downregulation
Authors: Thuillard Simon , Dan-Glauser Elise S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSituation selection is an emotion regulation strategy consisting in choosing a future emotional situation. Past research showed that Situation selection triggers a decrease in negative experience, exocrine reactions and respiratory activity, while maintaining stable positive experience. In this study, we wanted to replicate these observations and test emotional responses that follow an Illusory choice, i.e., when the chosen situation is not available and replaced by another. Sixty-eight participants watched emotional pictures, either in a condition in which the images were imposed, or in a condition in which they could perform a choice. In these latter trials, participants saw either the chosen option (Situation selection) or the non-selected option (Illusory choice). Continuous recordings of experience and physiological arousal showed that, unlike Situation selection, Illusory choice decreased positive experience but not negative experience. Strikingly, however, we showed that having the choice decreased skin conductance and respiratory arousal, regardless of whether the choice was respected or not. These results have important implications regarding emotion regulation through Situation selection, since having the choice about the upcoming emotional situation, no matter if we really end up in this situation, gives a sense of control that may be sufficient to alleviate physiological responses to stressors.
Becoming an Immigrant? Border Harms and “British” Men with Previous Convictions in British Immigration Removal Centers
Authors: Godshaw Dan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the context of heightened debate around increasingly hostile immigration policies, the detention and deportation of people with long-standing connections to the United Kingdom (UK) have, within the last few years, received public attention. Such individuals—people who were born in or came to the UK as children—make up a significant proportion of the “foreign criminal” population in detention. This article examines how those individuals with long-standing links, who also have criminal convictions, are often “erased” by the British state. Drawing on qualitative fieldwork with men currently and formerly held in immigration removal centers, I argue that institutional failings in immigration and local authority care “guide” some who grow up in the UK toward (and into) the criminal justice system. Shunning responsibility for these failings, the British state enacts a further punishment through immigration detention and attempted deportation. Despite acts that resist and problematize foreignness, detained “Brits” experience specific harms that change the way they feel about identity and belonging in Britain. These processes highlight the ways that national identity and immigration status intersect with class, gender and race to produce traumatic experiences of cultural denationalization.