bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-14 Competitiveness and Past Nondisclosure Decreases Future Concussion Reporting Intention Among Males in High-Contact Sports
Authors: Doucette M M , Wong R E , Du Plessis S , Garcia-Barrera M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
With some variability, research indicates that a high percentage (20–60%) of athletes do not report post-concussion symptoms, despite having sufficient concussion knowledge. Our study examined whether competitiveness and past reporting predicted future reporting intention in males participating in high contact sports.

Method
Participants included 92 male athletes (M = 19.35 years, SD = 4.35) recruited from a mid-sized Canadian city participating in high contact sports (American football, rugby, or hockey). Competitiveness was measured using the Sport Orientation Questionnaire. The Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey-Student Version was used to assess concussion knowledge and nondisclosure. Logistic regression was conducted to predict future intention of playing despite experiencing post-concussion symptoms. Age, knowledge, competitiveness, sport, and past history of concussion nondisclosure were included as predictors.

Results
Age, sport, and concussion knowledge were not significant predictors. Competitiveness was a significant predictor for the model, such that higher competitiveness predicted less likelihood to report post-concussion symptoms. Our findings also suggest that athletes who have not disclosed a concussion in the past are more likely to have higher intention to continue to play with symptoms of a concussion in the future. Over half (54%) of the athletes reported past history of concussion nondisclosure.

Conclusions
Interventions focusing on increasing general concussion knowledge are not adequate to prevent symptom nondisclosure. The results suggest that highly competitive athletes or athletes with a past history of nondisclosure are most vulnerable to future nondisclosure. These findings could help improve future interventions by targeting athletes at high-risk of concussion nondisclosure.
A-16 The Clinical Utility of a Novel Dual-Task Assessment for Sport-Related Concussion in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Erdman N K , Hertel J , Saliba S A , JM MacKnight , Broshek D K , Resch J E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
To compare the clinical utility of a novel dual-task assessment for sport-related concussion (SRC) to other commonly-used clinical measures in collegiate athletes.

Method
Participants consisted of 38 collegiate athletes (19 concussed and 19 matched comparisons, 53% male, age = 20.0 ± 1.34 years, height = 178.2 ± 12.12 cm, mass = 83.4 ± 21.89 kg). Participants were administered the dual-task assessment, Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), and tandem gait (TG) test within 48 hours (T1), at 5 days (T2), and when symptom-free (T3) following a diagnosed SRC. The novel dual-task assessment consisted of concurrent administration of the SAC and TG. The ImPACT and Sensory Organization Test (SOT) were administered at T3 in alignment with the university’s concussion management policy. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy using receiver operator curve analyses were calculated for each measure for T1-T3 using previously established interpretation guidelines.

Results
For sensitivity, a range of values were observed from T1-T3 for the dual-task (88%–37%), BESS (47%–47%), SAC (53%–26%), TG test (53%–11%). Similarly, a range of specificity values were observed for the dual-task (58%–84%), BESS (84%–63%), SAC (79%–84%), and TG test (95%–100%) from T1-T3. At T3, the ImPACT and SOT were observed to have a sensitivity of 32% and 100% and specificity of 16% and 100%, respectively. A range of diagnostic accuracy values were observed from T1-T3 for the dual-task (84%–62%), BESS (59%–50%), SAC (64%–56%), TG test (82%–71%), ImPACT (T3 = 66%), and SOT (T3 = 50%).

Conclusions
The dual-task assessment had comparable or higher diagnostic accuracy as other commonly-used clinical measures of SRC throughout clinical recovery in collegiate athletes.
A-19 Utility OF ImPACT Pediatric In Patients Aged 5–9 Following Concussion
Authors: Feder A H , Kegel N , Eagle S R , Fazio-Sumrok V , Trbovich A , Kontos A P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
Computerized neurocognitive testing has demonstrated sensitivity to the effects of concussion (Kontos et al., 2014). While there have been attempts to develop post-injury assessments for youth concussion, most lack compelling empirical support regarding psychometric properties. The purpose of this study was to expand upon preliminary support for the ImPACT Pediatric neurocognitive test battery (Newman et al., 2013) by examining the clinical utility of this measure in the evaluation of concussion in a pediatric population.

Method
Children, aged 5–9 years, presented to an outpatient clinic within 30 days of concussion. Participants completed ImPACT Pediatric at all clinic visits. ImPACT Pediatric is a computerized neurocognitive test battery that assesses various aspects of memory and visual processing speed. Paired t-tests were used to compare ImPACT Pediatric subtest scores at initial visit and clinical clearance.

Results
Participants (n = 63) were predominantly male (57.8%), aged 7.5 ± 1.0 years who presented to the clinic in 8.5 ± 5.9 days from injury and recovered in 34.1 ± 23.5 days. Design Rotation average time (−11.3%; p &lt; 0.001), Stop and Go average correct time (−4.3%; p = 0.030), and Picture Touch immediate memory average time (−11.3%; p &lt; 0.001) significantly improved from initial visit to clearance. Memory subtest scores did not significantly improve from initial visit to clearance.

Conclusions
Average time was significantly improved at the time of clinical clearance on the Design Rotation, Stop and Go, and Picture Match subtests. The findings indicate that ImPACT Pediatric timed subtests can detect changes between initial and clearance visits. Pediatric ImPACT can be a useful component of the comprehensive evaluation of concussion in younger children.
A-27 APOE & BDNF Polymorphisms Interact to Affect Memory Performance at Baseline in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Merritt V C , Guty E , Riegler K , Brewer M , Fink S , Echemendia R J , Arnett P A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
Although several single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated with cognitive functioning in a variety of healthy and clinical samples, the influence of gene x gene interactions on cognition is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine interactive relationships between apolipoprotein E (APOE) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphisms on cognitive functioning in a sample of healthy adolescent athletes.

Method
Participants of this cross-sectional study included 82 athletes (53.7% male, age, M = 12.85, SD = 1.13) who completed the Immediate Post-Concussion and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) computerized battery at baseline as part of a school-based sports-concussion management program. Athletes also provided a buccal sample for determination of their APOE and BDNF genotypes. Two-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to evaluate the effect of APOE (ε4+ vs. ε4-) and BDNF (Met+ vs. Met-) genotypes on the ImPACT cognitive composites.

Results
ANOVAs showed non-significant main effects for both APOE and BDNF genotypes across the four cognitive composites. However, there was a significant APOE x BDNF genotype interaction for the verbal (p = .01; ηp2 = .08) and visual (p = .013; ηp2 = .08) memory composites, such that ε4+/Met+ carriers demonstrated poorer performance relative to the other allele combinations (ε4+/Met-, ε4−/Met+, ε4−/Met-). No significant interactions were observed for the visual motor speed (p = .20; ηp2 = .02) or reaction time (p = .87; ηp2 &lt; .001) composites.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest a meaningful relationship between APOE and BDNF genotypes on verbal and visual memory performance in healthy adolescent athletes. These findings will need to be replicated using much larger samples, and future studies will need to explore these associations following sports-related concussion.
A-36 Understanding Parental Knowledge of and Attitudes towards Youth Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: Roberts S D , Fraser-Thomas J , Register-Mihalik J , Schatz P , Wojtowicz M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
The study objective was to examine parental knowledge of, and attitudes towards, youth sport-related concussion in a Canadian sample.

Method
A community sample of seventy-six families (n = 120 children) completed the study questionnaire comprised of demographic and sport history information, as well as questions about concussion knowledge (factual and perceived) and attitudes (i.e. concussion management and treatment attitudes). All participants had children actively involved in sport. Predominantly mothers completed the questionnaire (74%), and families ranged from one-to-three children (M age = 9 yr 5mth, SD = 2 yr 11mth).

Results
On average, parents achieved 76% accuracy on factual concussion knowledge (M = 21.19, SD = 2.55), with the majority (75%) perceiving their responses as accurate (perceived knowledge). Most parents displayed a favourable attitude toward concussion reporting and management (54/63; 85.7%). Families with low social risk status (SRS) had higher perceived knowledge compared to families with high SRS (t(60) = 2.29, p = .026), but not actual knowledge (p = .87). Mixed linear regression models were used to examine relationships between sociodemographic factors and concussion knowledge and attitudes. Higher SRS (F(1,74) = 9.60, p = .003) was related to lower perceived knowledge.

Conclusions
Families with higher SRS had less confidence in their youth sport-related concussion knowledge despite having accurate knowledge. Understanding sociodemographic factors associated with concussion attitudes and knowledge is an important first step for informing policies and keeping youth active in sports.
A-40 Predictors of Failed Effort Testing at Initial Clinic Visit for Concussion Rehabilitation and Outcomes
Authors: Sherry N , Ernst N , French J , Kontos A P , Collins M W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
Neuropsychological evaluation of concussion typically includes performance validity testing to assess effort. The aim of this study was to explore the usefulness of effort testing as part of initial screening for concussion rehabilitation, including determining the factors that predict effort testing and evaluate outcomes between “good effort” and “failed effort” groups.

Method
Records of 76 patients aged 16–66 years old (M = 40.58 years, SD = 14.18) seen for rehabilitation of non-sport concussion from 2018–2019 were reviewed. Patients completed clinical interview, neurocognitive screening (ImPACT), effort testing (Word Memory Test), vestibular/oculomotor screening (VOMS), and the post-concussion symptom scale (PCSS). A logistic regression (LR) was conducted to predict effort, with predictors including mental health history, secondary gain, work injury, days post-injury, and PCSS. A series of one-way ANOVAs evaluated outcomes from concussion rehabilitation between the good and failed effort groups.

Results
Failed effort occurred in 42% of cases. The LR accurately classified 81.8% of individuals, with mental health history (p = .01) and PCSS (p = .02) as the only significant predictors of effort. There were no differences in recovery time (p = .56) between effort groups, but the failed effort group took longer to return to work (p = .03). Half of individuals who failed effort were seen until discharge, and 69% of them reported no symptoms/mild symptoms at discharge.

Conclusions
Failure of effort testing was predicted by a history of mental health and high symptom burden. Individuals who fail effort testing at initial visit for concussion rehabilitation take longer to return to functional activity but are capable of achieving recovery with compliance and appropriate rehabilitation.
A-42 Incremental Utility of Visual Assessment in Predicting Concussion Recovery Time Among Adolescents
Authors: Sterling J , Pardini D , Pardini J , Docherty M , Mattis J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
Sports-related concussions (SRC) often affect vision function and cognition, two components frequently assessed as part of a multimodal post-injury evaluation. The purpose of the study was to examine contributions of measures of vision function and cognition toward understanding recovery time.

Method
Participants were 593 (37.6% female) adolescents ages 10–18 (M = 14.7, SD = 1.7) who were evaluated and diagnosed with a concussion within 10 days of injury. Participants were administered the King-Devick (KD) test via KD cards to assess rapid number naming speed and the ImPACT test to assess post-concussion symptoms and neurocognitive test performance. The primary outcome was number of weeks (M = 3.2, SD = 1.9) until participants were cleared to return to play by the treating physician based on a standardized protocol.

Results
Poorer performance on the King-Devick test was significantly correlated with higher symptom severity (r = .41, p &lt; .001), and poorer performance on ImPACT Verbal Memory (r = −.46, p &lt; .001), Visual Memory (r = −.39, p &lt; .001), Visual Motor Speed (r = −55, p &lt; .001), and Reaction Time (r = .47, p &lt; .001) composites. Poorer KD scores were also significantly correlated with a longer time to recovery (r = .23, p &lt; .001). Importantly, poorer KD scores continued to significantly predict protracted recovery time after controlling for age, gender, time to initial physician evaluation, prior history of concussion, post-concussion symptom severity, and neurocognitive test performance (β = .12, p &lt; .05).

Conclusions
Performance on King-Devick testing predicted recovery time, even after controlling for important demographic/injury characteristics and cognitive testing. Evaluation of vision function is an important component of post-injury assessment for SRC.
A-45 Convergent Validity of Baseline Concussion Measures: SCAT-5 and ImPACT
Authors: Dugan S , Webbe F M , LoGalbo A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
Examine convergent validity of immediate and delayed memory, and attention/concentration sub-tests of the SCAT5 and ImPACT.

Method
Baseline concussion assessment performance was collected from a sample of 747 college athletes from 16 different sports teams (484 men & 263 women), aged 18 to 25 years (M = 19.5, SD = 1.54). ImPACT was administered to groups of 20 or fewer athletes. The SCAT5 was administered individually. Participants were assigned randomly to ImPACT first or SCAT5 first. All athletes agreed to the use of their de-identified data for research.

Results
Significant positive correlations were found with (1) SCAT-5 total immediate memory correct and ImPACT word memory total percent correct, r(747) = .29, p &lt; .001); (2) SCAT-5 delayed memory score and ImPACT word memory hits delayed, r(746) = .23, p &lt; .001); and (3) SCAT-5 Concentration score and ImPACT Three Letters average-counted-correctly, r(747) = .34, p &lt; .001). The three correlations reflected a small to medium effect. Comparison of test order via independent t-tests revealed no significant differences for any of the tests.

Conclusions
Finding convergent validity between domain-similar tests presented via ImPACT versus SCAT5 was not surprising. What was surprising were the relatively low values of the correlations and the small effect sizes. These outcomes suggest that testing format (computer self-report in a small group versus self-report with an examiner), differences in stimulus presentation (printed stimuli in ImPACT versus auditory-verbal stimuli in SCAT5), and complexity/format differences in attention/concentration sub-tests, results in tests within the same domain that each produce unique information.
A-48 Athletes that self-report no physical activity/rest are more likely to exhibit clinical levels of state anxiety following concussion
Authors: Womble M N , Stephenson K , Gustman B , Castor E , Kontos A P , Schatz P , Elbin R J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the influence of self-reported physical activity (PA) on state anxiety in athletes with concussion

Method
Participants were 230 athletes (mean age = 16.46, SD = 1.94; 43% female) seeking care for a concussion at a specialty clinic within 30 days of injury (M = 8.83, SD = 6.12 days). Demographic data were collected during the clinical interview: age, sex, and history of concussion, migraine, learning disability, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and depression. Patients completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and self-reported current levels of PA; 113 participants reported rest or no physical activity (REST) and 117 reported at least minimal PA (ACTIVE). The groups were compared on demographic variables to ensure group equivalence. Independent samples t-test examined differences between groups on state anxiety scores and a chi-square with odds ratios (ORs) examined the relationship between PA groups and clinical levels of state anxiety (STAI &gt; 40). Statistical significance for all analyses was (p &lt; .05).

Results
The groups were similar on all demographic variables (p &gt; .05). The NO PA/REST group exhibited significantly higher state anxiety scores at first clinic visit than the PA group (t (228) = 2.82, p = .005), and the NO PA/REST group was 2.26 times more likely to exhibit clinical levels of state anxiety than the PA group at first clinic visit (χ2 (1, N = 230) = 9.16, p = .002).

Conclusions
Anxiety that is secondary to concussive injury could be mitigated with physical activity. Healthcare providers should encourage individuals with concussion to engage in physical activity during recovery.
mirPLS: a partial linear structure identifier method for cancer subtyping using microRNAs
Authors: Ruan Peifeng , Wang Shuang , Liang Hua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Motivation
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that have been successfully identified to be differentially expressed in various cancers. However, some miRNAs were reported to be up-regulated in one subtype of a cancer but down-regulated in another, making overall associations between these miRNAs and the heterogeneous cancer non-linear. These non-linearly associated miRNAs, if identified, are thus informative for cancer subtyping.

Results
Here, we propose mirPLS, a Partial Linear Structure identifier for miRNA data that simultaneously identifies miRNAs of linear or non-linear associations with cancer status when non-linearly associated miRNAs can then be used for subsequent cancer subtyping. Simulation studies showed that mirPLS can identify both non-linearly and linearly outcome-associated miRNAs more accurately than the comparison methods. Using the identified non-linearly associated miRNAs much improves the cancer subtyping accuracy. Applications to miRNA data of three different cancer types suggest that the cancer subtypes defined by the non-linearly associated miRNAs identified by mirPLS are consistently more predictive of patient survival and more biological meaningful.

Availability and implementation
The R package mirPLS is available for downloading from https://github.com/pfruan/mirPLS.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Efficient model-based bioequivalence testing
Authors: Möllenhoff Kathrin , Loingeville Florence , Bertrand Julie , Nguyen Thu Thuy , Sharan Satish , Zhao Liang , Fang Lanyan , Sun Guoying , Grosser Stella , Mentré France , Dette Holger 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe classical approach to analyze pharmacokinetic (PK) data in bioequivalence studies aiming to compare two different formulations is to perform noncompartmental analysis (NCA) followed by two one-sided tests (TOST). In this regard, the PK parameters area under the curve (AUC) and $C_{\max}$ are obtained for both treatment groups and their geometric mean ratios are considered. According to current guidelines by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency, the formulations are declared to be sufficiently similar if the $90\%$ confidence interval for these ratios falls between $0.8$ and $1.25 $. As NCA is not a reliable approach in case of sparse designs, a model-based alternative has already been proposed for the estimation of $\rm AUC$ and $C_{\max}$ using nonlinear mixed effects models. Here we propose another, more powerful test than the TOST and demonstrate its superiority through a simulation study both for NCA and model-based approaches. For products with high variability on PK parameters, this method appears to have closer type I errors to the conventionally accepted significance level of $0.05$, suggesting its potential use in situations where conventional bioequivalence analysis is not applicable.
Olfactory Detection Thresholds for Primary Aliphatic Alcohols in Mice
Authors: Williams Ellie , Dewan Adam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProbing the neural mechanisms that underlie each sensory system requires the presentation of perceptually appropriate stimulus concentrations. This is particularly relevant in the olfactory system as additional odorant receptors typically respond with increasing stimulus concentrations. Thus, perceptual measures of olfactory sensitivity provide an important guide for functional experiments. This study focuses on aliphatic alcohols because they are commonly used to survey neural activity in a variety of olfactory regions, probe the behavioral limits of odor discrimination, and assess odor-structure activity relationships in mice. However, despite their frequent use, a systematic study of the relative sensitivity of these odorants in mice is not available. Thus, we assayed the ability of C57BL/6J mice to detect a homologous series of primary aliphatic alcohols (1-propanol to 1-heptanol) using a head-fixed Go/No-Go operant conditioning assay combined with highly reproducible stimulus delivery. To aid in the accessibility of our data, we report the animal’s threshold to each odorant according to the 1) ideal gas condition, 2) nonideal gas condition (factoring in the activity of the odorant in the solvent), and 3) the liquid dilution of the odorant in the olfactometer. Of the odorants tested, mice were most sensitive to 1-hexanol and least sensitive to 1-butanol. These updated measures of murine sensitivity will hopefully guide experimenters in choosing appropriate stimulus concentrations for experiments using these odorants.
Loss of Smell and Taste Among Healthcare Personnel Screened for Coronavirus 2019
Authors: Kempker Russell R , Kempker Jordan A , Peters Marcia , Rebolledo Paulina A , Carroll Kelley , Toomer Linda , Wang Yun F (Wayne) , Ray Susan M , Hunter Mary 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmong 283 symptomatic healthcare personnel (HCP) tested for SARS-CoV-2, 51 (18%) were positive. Among those 51 HCP, self reported loss of smell and taste were present in 51% and 52.9%, respectively, with either present in 60.8%. These symptoms had high specificity (93% each, 96% for either) for a positive SARS-CoV-2 test.
From a comparative gesture to structured comparison: an analysis of air pollution control in Beijing and Delhi
Authors: Ren Xuefei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Drawing upon the scholarship in historical-comparative sociology, this article presents some guidelines for theoretically structured urban comparison by spotlighting four methodological issues: case selection, causality, historical analyses and wider implications. This is demonstrated with a comparative analysis of air pollution control in Beijing and Delhi. The analysis finds that Beijing’s clean air campaign features a territorial logic, centring on territorial institutions and authorities, while Delhi’s clean air campaign features an associational logic, led by environmental NGOs in conjunction with the judiciary.