bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
After Covid-19 New Payments Methods in International Trade
Authors: ADIGÜZEL Selminaz 
Published: September 2020

The Corona epidemic that started about in 2019 brought changes in the fields of economy, politics and education. Significant changes have occurred in the forms of payment and delivery, which is one of the important issues in international trade.Incoterms 2020, after ICC announced on September 10, 2019, Incoterms International Trade Terms) investigated the responsibilities of cross-border merchants (exporter) and buyers (importer) for the delivery of tradable goods, to investigate new forms of payment after the Covid 19 outbreak. Information about payment methods in international trade is given.In the research, the literature search was done and after 2020 Corona virus, researches and payment methods in the world were examined. According to the research result, after the Sars virus, developed countries established their digital infrastructures and made their preparations about 20 years ago and made their commercial infrastructures suitable for remote trade. He prepared the payment methods for the establishment of the ICC Digital infrastructure. Economic stagnation and a fall in GDP are related to a decrease in demand. China, one of the countries where the virus started, was not caught in Corona. The rich continue to be rich, the poor still become poor.
Abdominal CT radiation dose optimization at Siriraj Hospital
Authors: Apisarnthanarak Piyaporn , Buranont Chosita , Boonma Chulaluck , Janpanich Sureerat , Suwatananonthakij Tarntip , Klinhom Atchariya , Muangsomboon Kobkun , Teerasamit Wanwarang , Suvannnarerg Voraparee , Saiviroonporn Pairash 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE: To compare radiation dose and image quality between standard dose abdominal CT currently performed at our hospital and new low dose abdominal CT using various percentages (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) of Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASiR).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively performed low dose abdominal CT (30% reduction of standard tube current) in 119 participants. The low dose CT images were post processed with four parameters (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) of ASiR. The volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) of standard and low dose CT were compared. Four experienced abdominal radiologists independently assessed the quality of low dose CT with aforementioned ASiR parameters using a 5-point-scale satisfaction score (1 = unacceptable, 2 = poor, 3 = average, 4 = good, and 5 = excellent image quality) by using prior standard dose CT as a reference of excellent image quality (5). Each reader selected the preference ASiR parameter for each participant. The image noise of the liver and the aorta in all 5 (1 prior standard dose and 4 current low dose) image sets was measured.

RESULTS: The mean CTDIvol of low dose CT was significantly lower than of standard dose CT (7.17 ± 0.08 vs 12.02 ±1.61 mGy, p<0.001). The mean satisfaction scores for low dose CT with 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% ASiR were 3.95, 3.99, 3.91 and 3.87, respectively with the ranges of 3 to 5 in all techniques. The preferred ASiR parameters of each participant randomly selected by each reader were varied, depending on the readers’ opinions. The mean image noise of the aorta on standard dose CT and low dose CT with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% ASiR was 29.07, 36.97, 33.92, 31.49, and 29.11, respectively, while the mean image noise of the liver was 24.60, 30.21, 28.33, 26.25, and 24.32, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Low dose CT with 30% reduction of standard mA had acceptable image quality with significantly reduced radiation dose. The increment of ASiR was helpful in reducing image noise.
PERCEPATAN PENYELESAIAN PERDA RTRW KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR SEBAGAI PEDOMAN PENATAAN RUANG
Authors: Kinanda Rezky 
Published: September 2020

Regional Regulation on Spatial Planning is an important element for each region because it contains binding regulations regarding spatial planning. This binding regulation will seek strict direction and strict limits on regional development. Regions that do not yet have local regulations on RTRW have the potential to experience conflicts, such as the seizure of spatial use areas by several sectors, furthermore each sector wants to be the main focus and become the most considered sector, then exploitation of space becomes uncontrolled because there are no strict rules governing boundaries. It is in the Regional Regulation on Regional Spatial Planning that local governments can get it all.

The drafting or completion of the Regional Regulation on Spatial Planning is not an easy thing to achieve in many regions in Indonesia. The proof is that there are still many regions that do not yet have local regulations on RTRW, including Indragiri Hilir Regency. This becomes the grid that Inhil Regency is threatened to get a negative effect from the absence of RTRW regulations.

This journal explains the important points why Inhil District needs a Regional Regulation on RTRW. This is also emphasized by the display of adverse effects if the RTRW regulation is not finished by the Inhil Government. This journal will also explain about any obstacles that the Inhil District Government might face in the effort to resolve the RTRW Perda.
EVALUASI PROGRAM PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2014 (STUDI KASUS PROGRAM DESA MAJU INHIL JAYA DI DESA DANAU PULAI INDAH DAN DESA KARYA TANI KECAMATAN KEMPAS (KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR)
Authors: April Muhammad , Alkadafi Muammar 
Published: September 2020

The Integrated Village of Inhil Jaya (DMIJ) Plus Program, is the flagship program of the Government of Indragiri Hilir Regency. This research is to find out the implementation of the Integrated Maju Inhil Jaya Plus Village (DMIJ) program, the impact of the implementation and the constraints of the Integrated DMIJ Plus program in Danau Pulai Indah Village and Karya Tani Village. The research method used a qualitative research approach, with evaluative research types by case studies. Sources of data obtained through observation, documents, and in-depth interviews (indepth interview), with key informants; Village Heads, Village Officials, BPD, LKMD, community leaders and community group representatives. The results of the study, showed that the implementation of the Maju Inhil Jaya Village program in Danau Pulai Indah Village and Karya Tani Village covered 4 (four) fields of activities that were not fully implemented, the program implementation was still conservative-involutive. The integrated DMIJ Plus program has a positive impact on the field of village governance, the field of village development, and the field of village community development can also be said to be good. while the field of village community empowerment, the desired results have not been good or less than the maximum. The impact of the DMIJ program has not been fully felt by the community, the contribution of the program is still minimal in the field of community empowerment. The constraints are the still limited quality of the human resources of the program implementers, and the program target communities.
Dampak Pengangguran Kemiskinan Dan Konsep Teoritisnya Pada Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Kasna I Ketut 
Published: September 2020

Unemployment and poverty are one of the central themes in community and state life. In Indonesia unemployment and poverty have never been the main themes in elections, but there have been quite a number of seminars, public discussions, workshops and launching government programs. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics, total unemployment and poverty in 2019 reached 38,000,686 people (37.70% of the total workforce).Facing poverty unemployment caused by impact pandemic covid-19, governmentcurrently has at least four programs namely Productive Labor Intensive, expanding plantations through inte- grated training, independent business, and TKPMP (Independent Professional Youth Workers). These programs have different orientation and target groups, which reflect the complexity of the problem of unemployment and poverty. However, it seems that these programs have not been implemented comprehensively, so that each program seems to be partial, not related to each oth- er especially with other departmental programs, the problem of poverty, vulnerable groups, and increasing unemployment need to get major attention.These problems also bring negative influences, such as increasingly loosened upsocial ties and weakening of values, and relationships between people. In addition to dealing with various neg- ative impacts of social change that are ignored by the concept of the theory, the phenomenon ex- perienced now is a very basic social cultural change. Information wave accelerationtechnology bring significant changes to poverty reduction which is an impact pandemic covid-19, both at the level of surface structure (attitudes and patterns behavior) and deep structure (value systems, outlook on life, philosophy and beliefs).Changes occur because of cultural contact between the meaning of the dialectics of new values with old values that dominate each other, which allows homoginesis and meoliberalisation in all aspects of life. This condition causes spit and uncertainty in the value of preventionpandemic covid-19 uses more modern values by marginalizing values transcendental. As a result there is a prolonged impact of various forms of moral value distortionreflected in the style, style and lifestyle of people from poverty due to impact pandemic covid-19.
ЮРИДИЧНА НООСФЕРОЛОГІЯ ЯК НАУКОВА І НАВЧАЛЬНА ДИСЦИПЛІНА: ОБ'ЄКТ, ПРЕДМЕТ І МЕТОДИ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ
Authors: Баймуратов Михайло Олександрович , Ожерельев Володимир Петрович 
Published: September 2020

Стаття присвячена визначенню об'єкта, предмета і методів досліджень юридичної ноосферології як наукової і навчальної дисципліни. Доводиться, що юридична ноосферологія є новою перспективною науковою і навчальною дисципліною, в рамках якої на основі міждисциплінарного підходу можливо досліджувати широкий спектр актуальних міжгалузевих цивілізаційних проблем комплексними методами – правознавства та ноосферології. Такий міждисциплінарний – юридико-ноосферний підхід, що розроблений авторами статті, – призначений для моніторингу процесу правової глобалізації, розробки системи ноосферного права і методів МП-прогнозування, – заснований на наукових уявленнях про природну єдність і безперервність простору цивілізаційно-правових подій. Своєю чергою, це дає підставу застосувати в юридико-ноосферних дослідженнях наукові методи теорії подібності, загальної топології і теорії ігор та ін., відповідно до математичних понять про «цілісність» і «нерозривність» досліджуваного глобального об'єкта. Здійснення досліджень на платформі юридичної ноосферології з використанням, топологічної інформаційно-правової Моделі ноосфери, що розроблена авторами, дозволяє вивчати виникнення і розвиток цілісного юридико-ноосферного природного феномена в єдиному просторовому континуумі в реальному часі в науковому експерименті. Такі можливості особливо важливі для пізнання законів сталого розвитку світової цивілізації в їх екологічному та правовому додатку і глобальному прояві – тобто в телеологічно обґрунтованої діяльності з МП-прогнозування. Це вказує на найважливішу роль юридичної ноосферології як наукової і навчальної дисципліни, яку вона здатна грати, – причому, не тільки в розробці системи ноосферного права, в розвитку всієї системи юридичних і геополітичних наук, а й розвитку різних напрямків досліджень в глобалістиці.
A Short Comparative Study of Corporate Governance in European National Legal Systems
Authors: Dumitru Ovidiu Ioan , Vavura Nicolae Marius 
Published: September 2020

Corporate Governance has developed immensely in the last decades mainly due to the negative effects on shareholders’s of management decisions leading to a continuous conflict to be solved by the policymakers and academics. After the publication of the Cadbury Report, we noticed an increase interest in drafting corporate governance codes, the American and European legislators being the most active, but recent financial crisis reduced confidence in the results of corporate governance quality, some authors asserting even that the poor implementation of the policies in the area have leaded to the crisis. This paper wants to show the diversity of corporate governance standards present today in different national legal systems, by comparing its main elements like protection of shareholders and stakeholders’ interests, board structures and operations and control, oversight and reporting.
Traditional Omani Crafts Approaches To Identity
Authors: Almamari Badar Mohammed , Fakhriya Al-Yahayai  , Alamri Mohammed 
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify how landscapes, places, and geographical forms of land influenced craft making identity by addressing Omani crafts enterprises in urban and rural areas. This has been done by interviewing local craftspeople and analysing their responses as a qualitative data collection method using open-ended questions to seek reliability and credibility in the study. The interviews in this research were mostly conducted with participants belonging to ten enterprises under the management of the Public Authority for Crafts Industries (PACI), Department of Art Education and the Handcrafts Centre. Consequently, this study highlights the importance of studying the influence of landscapes, places, and geographical forms in shaping local people's crafts identity by investigating their craft industries in rural and urban areas.
Considerations on the mechanism used for applying disciplinary sanctions
Authors: Adrian Nicolescu 
Published: September 2020

The essential role of the disciplinary sanctions is similar to that of the criminal sanctions and consists in the future prevention of facts that could affect the labor relations, which result from the individual employment contract concluded between the employer and the employee according to the law. In the current labor law, the legislator left within the employer the power to sanction the employee in the situation in which he violates the discipline of work, but this possibility is not a non-binding one, but one in strict compliance with the legislation in force. For the correct application of the disciplinary sanctions, that is to say, without prejudice to the rights of the employee, no disciplinary sanction, except the written warning, can be disposed of before carrying out the preliminary disciplinary investigation. Once the employee's guilt has been ascertained and after carrying out the preliminary investigation in accordance with the imposed procedures, the employer is able to establish the disciplinary sanction taking into account the following legal criteria, such as the circumstances in which the act was committed, the degree of the employee's guilt and, not in last, the general behavior at work. The disciplinary sanction, in general, in order to be implemented by the employer, must be outlined by means of a written one, respectively by a sanctioning decision that is communicated to the employee so that he is aware its provisions, and in certain cases it can challenge an eventual abusive behavior of the employer. Through this administrative instrument there are clearly described the deviations of the employee from the labor norms.
Disease or Release? A Content Analysis on How is Menopause Framed in Romanian Online Media
Authors: Voicu Ilona 
Published: September 2020

Menopause is a natural biological event in every middle-aged woman life, but despite this universal character, the main ways to perceive this phenomenon are, often, “constructed” by social instances such as medicine or popular culture. The paper presents the main results of a traditional quantitative content analysis conducted on the six most popular Romanian online magazines for women (Avantaje.ro, Femeia.ro, Unica.ro, Elle.ro, Cosmopolitan.ro, Libertatea pentru femei.ro), and on three most visited websites with medical content (reginamaria.ro, medlife.ro, and csid.ro), in order to establish which are the main approaches regarding menopause. The content analysis was focused on the gender of the author and/or source of information, on types of words that are used in association with menopause, and photographs in articles. The results depict a predominant negative image of menopause, as a phase in women’s life marked by health issues. Also, an important difference from other analyzes of how menopause is presented in the media is that the implications of menopause on the sex lives of menopausal women are no longer taboo. Additionally, the infertility, as expression of loosing reproductive abilities, especially when we talk about premature menopause, seems to be another big associated issue, according to the research data. Using these results as starting point of discussion, the main topics that framed menopause in ROU online media are placed in the wider context: its role as social instance that could influence women’s perceptions about their menopausal experiences, considered socially relevant only if they are “useful bodies”, with intact reproductive capacities.
Characterizing sources of high surface ozone events in the southwestern US with intensive field measurements and two global models
Authors: Zhang Li , Lin Meiyun , Langford Andrew O. , Horowitz Larry W. , Senff Christoph J. , Klovenski Elizabeth , Wang Yuxuan , Alvarez II Raul J. , Petropavlovskikh Irina , Cullis Patrick , Sterling Chance W. , Peischl Jeff , Ryerson Thomas B. , Brown Steven S. , Decker Zachary C. J. , Kirgis Guillaume , Conley Stephen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The detection and attribution of high background ozone (O3) events in
the southwestern US is challenging but relevant to the effective
implementation of the lowered National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS;
70 ppbv). Here we leverage intensive field measurements from the Fires,
Asian, and Stratospheric Transport−Las Vegas Ozone Study (FAST-LVOS) in
May–June 2017, alongside high-resolution simulations with two global
models (GFDL-AM4 and GEOS-Chem), to study the sources of O3 during
high-O3 events. We show possible stratospheric influence on 4 out of
the 10 events with daily maximum 8 h average (MDA8) surface O3
above 65 ppbv in the greater Las Vegas region. While O3 produced from
regional anthropogenic emissions dominates pollution events in the Las Vegas
Valley, stratospheric intrusions can mix with regional pollution to push
surface O3 above 70 ppbv. GFDL-AM4 captures the key characteristics of
deep stratospheric intrusions consistent with ozonesondes, lidar profiles,
and co-located measurements of O3, CO, and water vapor at Angel Peak,
whereas GEOS-Chem has difficulty simulating the observed features and
underestimates observed O3 by ∼20 ppbv at the surface.
On days when observed MDA8 O3 exceeds 65 ppbv and the AM4 stratospheric
ozone tracer shows 20–40 ppbv enhancements, GEOS-Chem simulates
∼15 ppbv lower US background O3 than GFDL-AM4. The two
models also differ substantially during a wildfire event, with GEOS-Chem
estimating ∼15 ppbv greater O3, in better agreement with
lidar observations. At the surface, the two models bracket the observed MDA8
O3 values during the wildfire event. Both models capture the
large-scale transport of Asian pollution, but neither resolves some
fine-scale pollution plumes, as evidenced by aerosol backscatter, aircraft,
and satellite measurements. US background O3 estimates from the two
models differ by 5 ppbv on average (greater in GFDL-AM4) and up to 15 ppbv
episodically. Uncertainties remain in the quantitative attribution of each
event. Nevertheless, our multi-model approach tied closely to observational
analysis yields some process insights, suggesting that elevated background
O3 may pose challenges to achieving a potentially lower NAAQS level
(e.g., 65 ppbv) in the southwestern US.
Retrieval of lower-order moments of the drop size distribution using CSU-CHILL X-band polarimetric radar: a case study
Authors: Bringi Viswanathan , Mishra Kumar Vijay , Thurai Merhala , Kennedy Patrick C. , Raupach Timothy H. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The lower-order moments of the drop size distribution (DSD) have generally been considered difficult to retrieve accurately from polarimetric radar data because these data are related to higher-order moments. For example, the 4.6th moment is associated with a specific differential phase and the 6th moment with reflectivity and ratio of high-order moments with differential reflectivity. Thus, conventionally, the emphasis has been to estimate rain rate (3.67th moment) or parameters of the exponential or gamma distribution for the DSD. Many double-moment “bulk” microphysical schemes predict the total number concentration (the 0th moment of the DSD, or M0) and the mixing ratio (or equivalently, the 3rd moment M3).
Thus, it is difficult to compare the model outputs directly with polarimetric radar observations or, given the model outputs, forward model the radar observables. This article describes the use of double-moment normalization of DSDs and the resulting stable intrinsic shape that can be fitted by the generalized gamma (G-G) distribution. The two reference moments are M3 and M6, which are shown to be retrievable using the X-band radar reflectivity, differential reflectivity, and specific attenuation (from the iterative correction of measured reflectivity Zh using the total Φdp constraint, i.e., the iterative ZPHI method). Along with the climatological shape parameters of the G-G fit to the scaled/normalized DSDs, the lower-order moments are then retrieved more accurately than possible hitherto. The importance of measuring the complete DSD from 0.1 mm onwards is emphasized using, in our case, an optical array probe with 50 µm resolution collocated with a two-dimensional video disdrometer with about 170 µm resolution. This avoids small drop truncation and hence the accurate calculation of lower-order moments.
A case study of a complex multi-cell storm which traversed an instrumented site near the CSU-CHILL radar is described for which the moments were retrieved from radar and compared with directly computed moments from the complete spectrum measurements using the aforementioned two disdrometers.
Our detailed validation analysis of the radar-retrieved moments showed relative bias of the moments M0 through M2 was <15 % in magnitude, with Pearson’s correlation coefficient >0.9. Both radar measurement and parameterization errors were estimated rigorously.
We show that the temporal variation of the radar-retrieved mass-weighted mean diameter with M0 resulted in coherent “time tracks” that can potentially lead to studies of precipitation evolution that have not been possible so far.