bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lot-Sizing Decisions in Manufacturer-Retailer Inventory System under Carbon Emissions Reduction
Authors: Jauhari W A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper develops a mathematical model for supply chain inventory system of a manufacturer and a retailer under stochastic demand and carbon reduction policy. The objective of the model is to obtain the decisions regarding inventory management in supply chain system by minimizing the joint total cost. The model contributes to the current stochastic joint lot-sizing literature by allowing the investigation of the impact of carbon cap policy to inventory decisions. The carbon mainly emitted from several activities in the supply chain system, including the production, transportation and storage activities. The regulator, for example the government, uses a carbon cap policy to restrict the amount of emissions generated from the system. As we use strict carbon cap, the carbon emissions generated from the system must not exceed the carbon emission level set by regulator. A list of procedure is proposed to obtain the optimal solutions, which are ordering lot, safety factor, number of shipments and production rate. A numerical instance is provided to show the applicability of the model and to explore the impact of different levels of carbon cap on inventory decisions.
A BIM-Based Automated Assessment Tool for Green Building Index
Authors: Khoshdelnezamiha G , Liew S C , Bong V N S , Ong D E L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In Malaysia, Green Building Index (GBI) is one of the sustainability rating tools for the construction industry, focusing on six main categories including Energy Efficiency (EE), Materials and Resources (MR), Water Efficiency (WE), Indoor Environment Quality (EQ), Sustainable Site Planning & Management (SM) and Innovation (IN). Currently, the process for GBI assessment and certification is carried out manually, which requires additional time and effort for preparation of supporting documents. Since Building Information Modelling (BIM) is perceived as a holistic solution for digital integration of various construction project attributes, it is anticipated that sustainability aspects can be addressed through BIM if an appropriate approach is implemented. Therefore, GBI assessment process can potentially benefit from BIM application to transition from conventional manual approach to an automated approach. This research is aimed at developing an Automated Green Building Assessment tool (AGBIA) using visual programming (Dynamo) to run as a supplementary application to the existing BIM authoring software (Revit). The AGBIA system consists of 6 modules that automatically analyses digital BIM models in accordance to GBI requirements, and ultimately produces the necessary documentation as a final output. AGBIA is an efficient supporting BIM tool as compared to assessment and documentation of green building data manually.
Transformation from 2D structural drawing to building information model: Perspectives from a small-scaled company
Authors: Lee Y H , Thien L S , Lee Y Y , Wong S Y , Tan C S , Chai C S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Building information modelling (BIM) is one of the revolutions in construction industry. BIM is one of the long-waiting solutions for construction industry in order to solve the arisen quality and effectiveness problems. Many researchers have proved the benefits gained from BIM. In this paper, the structural package available in BIM platform is summarized and its maturity is discussed. The BIM projects in Malaysia are listed and it showed a low local BIM implementation. In the perspectives of engineers, migrating from 2D drawing to building information model is discussed with the faced problems and challenges. The technical supports such as internet supports, cloud system and etc. was lacked for small-scaled companies; and self-transformation plan is not available which is believed to minimize the lost during transformation. From structural engineers’ perspective, a better visualization with building information models is critical to address these major problems occurred throughout the migration. However, more time are expected to be consumed in producing the models as it was found that there is a low level of model sharing between engineers and architects. Although the BIM implementation in Malaysia is still in a low level, it is advised that industry players and government should work together to migrating from traditional method to BIM environment.
Barriers of implementing sustainable housing in Malaysian residential property sector
Authors: Wong S Y , Loh J H , Lee Y H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Designing and constructing sustainable housing by changing its design, construction and operation could help in reducing resource consumption and mitigate climate change. However, it is found that there are barriers impeding the implementation of sustainable housing. This research aims to determine such barriers in Malaysian residential property sector. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to the key stakeholders (i.e. engineers, real estate agents, contractors and home buyers) in Malaysia. This questionnaire asked the respondents to rate the relative importance of 21 barriers which were categorized into four key categories (i.e. design and technical barrier, economic barrier, institutional barrier and socio-culture barrier). The results showed that economic barrier is the most critical category among the four categories of barriers. Out of the 21 barriers, the top critical barrier is high capital/investment cost. This research identified the importance of different barriers based on the perceptions of and experiences of the respondents. While most studies focused on the professional stakeholders or home buyers, there are only few studies dedicated to the combination of the perceptions for both professional stakeholders and homebuyers in Malaysia. This research could contribute to both the knowledge and practices of sustainable housing implementation in Malaysia.
Is risk assessment matter in infrastructure projects on soft soils?
Authors: Low W W , Wong K S , Lim J W 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Infrastructure projects are not merely complicated but they require high investment costs and a considerable amount of resources and stakeholders are necessary to assure their performance. Infrastructure projects especially transportation projects like highway, bridge, etc. cover a significantly large area and involve a lot of different stakeholders as such they are high in risks and uncertainties compared to other types of projects. The large covered area has led to construction on different types of soils including soft soils. This will complicate the construction process. The results of the literature review showed that existing knowledge on risk assessment of infrastructure on soft soils is not merely insufficient. Some researchers have highlighted the importance of risk assessment in construction projects on soft soils. Hence, the aim of this research was to explore the perception of industry personnel about the significance of risk assessment in infrastructure projects. A questionnaire survey was designed and distributed to consultants and contractors in Malaysia. Data were analyzed based on the descriptive method. Results showed that industry people perceived that the level of risks and uncertainties of infrastructure projects on soft soils is higher than other types of soil. As such, the impact of infrastructure projects on soft soils on project cost performance will be more significant than other types of soil. Hence, construction industry professionals perceived that risk management is critical in mitigating risks especially in infrastructure projects on soft soils.
Estimation of Individual Leaf Area by Leaf Dimension using a Linear Regression for Various Tropical Plant Species
Authors: Tay A C , Ling J Z L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Leaf area estimation is significant to assess leaf development and plant growth. A simple and efficient model (Regression model) was developed to estimate leaf area of various tropical plant species using leaf dimension (length x width). The objective of this study was to determine a relation between leaf area and leaf dimension to get the best fit line of a linear regression. A total of twenty plant species were selected at Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia. The leaf shape and plant growing environment were investigated as a background data. The leaf shapes were elliptic, acuminate, aristate, obtuse, lobed, linear, peltate and lanceolate. The recorded plant growing environment were location, soil pH and sunlight exposure. The plants grew at a slope or flat, shaded or high exposure of sunlight with the soil pH between 4.8 and 7.3. A regression equation for each leaf was established with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9. It strongly proved that the leaf areas of all the plant species are well correlated with leaf dimension (length x width). The linear regression is not influenced by different leaf shape and growing environment. Generally, the plant grew at high exposure of sunlight indicated higher leaf area. There is no obvious trend of leaf area at different soil pH. From the R2 values, it concluded that the leaf area of individual plant can be estimated by the linear regression established in this study by determining the leaf length and width.
Analysis of internal delamination in multilayered rod in torsion
Authors: Rizov V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A multilayered inhomogeneous rod with an internal delamination crack loaded in torsion is analyzed. The crack has a circular cross-section. The delamiantion is located symmetrically with respect to the middle of the rod. The layers exhibit continuous material inhomogeneity in radial and length directions. The material properties are distributed symmetrically with respect to the middle of the rod. In order to obtain the torsion moments in the crack arms, the rod is treated as a structure with one degree of internal static indeterminacy. The delamination is studied in terms of the strain energy release rate by using the compliance method. Effects of material inhomogeneity, length and location of the crack on the delamination behaviour are investigated.
Inhomogeneous beam with two internal vertical lengthwise cracks: a fracture study
Authors: Rizov V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Fracture of an inhomogeneous cantilever beam whit two internal parallel lengthwise cracks is analyzed. Cracks have different lengths and are located arbitrary along the beam width. The beam exhibits continuous material inhomogeneity in both width and length directions. The fracture is studied in terms of the strain energy release rate. For this purpose, the beam is treated as a structure with two degrees of internal static indeterminacy. The solutions to the strain energy release rate, derived in the present paper, are verified by the using the J-integral approach. A parametric investigation of the lengthwise fracture behaviour of the beam is performed.
Review of open source software for modelling and analysis of structures
Authors: Tsvetkova T , Kerenchev N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The open-source software attracts the engineering society with the accessibility, the chasing of processes, the flexibility and the possibility of making changes to the interface or in the program code processes. This paper presents the results of a comparative review of several groups of open-source software (OSS) for modelling and analysis of constructions. The advantages and challenges of working with OSS in comparison to the use of widespread products with commercial licenses are analyzed. Software products of two categories are considered: (a) geometrically/graphically modelling/drawing of the structures - 2D, 3D CAD; (b) calculation and analysis of building structures under different load conditions and geometry including geotechnical problems. The software products selected for the purpose of the report are compared based on the performance of a simple engineering task from practice. The sufficiency of the results, the options for presenting the data and other additional characteristics of the products are commented.
Constitutive models for FE analysis of pile founded buried arch bridge
Authors: Kazakov K , Mihova L , Partov D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper presents plane strain FE modeling of a pile founded bridge, made from reinforced concrete, by using plate elements for the structure and the soil body. The soil-structure contact is modeled by interface finite elements. The numerical analysis is performed by the Plaxis 2D software. The mechanical behavior of the bridge is approximated by the constitutive models of Hooke and Mohr-Coulomb. Two sets of values of the Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters (cohesion and internal friction angle) for the concrete are obtained - on the basis of the theoretical uniaxial compressive and tensile strengths and on the basis of relationships in the Eurocode 2. The advanced constitutive HSM model is used for the soil. The construction and service periods of the bridge are simulated by a sequence of representative states. The mechanical response of the bridge undergoing backfill and road loads is analysed.
Application of natural fiber composite materials in the strengthening of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Ivanova I , Assih J , Dontchev D 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental investigation of strengthened reinforced concrete structure by bonded natural fiber composite materials. Nonetheless, the composite plates are externally constituted of a matrix based on epoxy adhesive in which the aligned continuous natural fibers are embedded. In recent years, the natural fibers are of great interest as a result of policies to reduce the negative impact on the environment. They are a renewable source, helping to capture carbon dioxide during their cultivation. Numerous technical, economic, and environmental advantages such as low cost, high strength-to-weight ratio, low density, and non-corrosive properties make them very attractive to use. The objective of this research is to assess the strengthened capacity of natural fibers. This research mainly used hemp and flax natural fibers. So, these natural fibers are an alternative to synthetic reinforcing fibers like carbon fiber or glass fiber, which are widely used in civil engineering. This article briefly presents the results of the tests carried out on concrete prismatic specimens strengthened by external bonding different composite plates based on natural fibers. The tests were presented by examining the influence of reinforcement on the ultimate capacity and the element of rigidity. The results show a significant increase in the ultimate load of the strengthened concrete prismatic specimens compared to the reference specimen. The cracking and failure modes are presented. The results show that the natural fibers are a good alternative to glass and carbon fibers.
Rapid structural assessment of buildings – experience after the 26th November 2019 Earthquake in Albania
Authors: Blagov D , Georgiev Tz , Kisliakov D , Pavlov P , Petrov B , Traykova M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The authors represent a team who visited the areas affected by the strong earthquake of 26th November 2019 as part of the Bulgarian state support to Albania. The task of the Bulgarian experts comprised a rapid visual assessment of buildings in Tirana, as members of small international groups of structural engineers, local engineers and representatives of municipal authorities. The visit further aimed at gaining organisational and professional experience regarding ensuing operations and at assessing damaged buildings in the epicentral area of the city of Durrës. This summary report presents an overview of the assessed structural systems of the visited buildings in Tirana and the most frequent structural and non-structural damages there. Additional information is presented on certain characteristic damages of buildings in Durrës, and a brief analysis is provided of the reasons for building collapse or structural and non-structural damages. Finally, conclusions are drawn, and tasks for future expert, engineering and management activities towards strong earthquake pre- and post-disaster preparedness for Bulgaria are formulated.
Analysis of accidents with tower cranes on construction sites and recommendations for their prevention
Authors: Radlov K , Ivanov G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Analyzing and investigating accidents with tower cranes on construction sites is a particularly important preventative measure to ensure their accident-free work and reduce the number of occupational accidents at the construction site. The urgency of this problem is increasing very much in view of the relatively long operational life of the tower cranes on construction sites. This article presents various types of results from researches related to the analysis of accidents with tower cranes on construction sites worldwide. In addition, an approach for analysis of the absolute probability of a major tower crane accident caused by failures of mechanical components is considered, as well as analysis of possible sequences of failures of mechanical components leading to a tower crane accident, which are analyzed based on Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). An adequate statistical approach is proposed to establish the most significant organizational and technical causes, mainly related to the organization of the construction site and the activities for maintenance of the machine park, which cause accidents with tower cranes. An approach is proposed to calculate the conditional probability (weighting factor) of a specific organizational and technical cause to lead to a serious accident with the tower crane using Bayesian formulas, as well as an approach to determine the total assessment for each organizational and technical cause regarding its potential for causing accidents. Finally, proposals and recommendations are made related to the identification of key technical and organizational measures, the adequate and timely implementation of which could lead to a reduction in the number of occupational accidents with tower cranes on construction sites.
Effects of process parameters on structure and corrosion behavior of PEO coated A356 alloy
Authors: Rahimi Sina , Yarmand Benyamin , Kolahi Alireza 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings were formed on cast A356 aluminum alloy by applying various process parameters (current density, duty cycle and processing time) in silicate based electrolyte. The phase composition of coatings was analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), surface and cross section morphology and microstructure of coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Results of x-ray diffraction showed that all coatings are composed of gamma alumina. Coating produced in higher current density, duty cycle and time was more compact with fewer amounts of defects. Thickness and roughness of coatings surfaces were measured by Eddy current gauge and surface roughness tester, respectively. The thickness of the Coatings was in the range of 3–7 μm and it increased by increasing current density and time, but duty cycle did not have a noticeable effect on it. Corrosion resistance of bare and coated samples was evaluated by polarization test in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Sample S176 showed the best corrosion resistance with corrosion current density of 4.17 × 10−8 A.cm−2 and polarization resistance of 6.31 × 105 Ω.cm2 that attributed to its more dense structure.
Mathematical approach to the validation of form removal surface texture software
Authors: Todhunter Luke , Leach Richard , Blateyron François 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new approach to the validation of surface texture form removal methods is introduced. A linear algebra technique is presented that obtains total least squares (TLS) model fits for a continuous mathematical surface definition. This model is applicable to both profile and areal form removal, and can be used for a range of form removal models including polynomial and spherical fits. The continuous TLS method enables the creation of mathematically traceable reference pairs suitable for the assessment of form removal algorithms in surface texture analysis software. Multiple example reference pairs are presented and used to assess the performance of four tested surface texture analysis software packages. The results of each software are compared against the mathematical reference, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.
Emerging members of two-dimensional materials: bismuth-based ternary compounds
Authors: Zhao Ailun , Zhang Luhong , Guo Yujie , Li Hui , Ruan Shuangchen , Zeng Yu-Jia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Bismuth-based binary compounds, including Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3, have attracted increasing attention as well-known topological insulators. On the other hand, bismuth-based ternary compounds exhibit diverse properties, such as, ultrahigh carrier mobility, and strong Rashba spin splitting. Moreover, they boast of superior photocatalytic properties, implying great potential to be used in a wide range of applications. The unique structure and properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials, especially the extraordinary electronic and optical properties of 2D Bi2O2Se, have given rise to significant research interests for the exploration of 2D bismuth-based ternary compounds. In this review, we will comprehensively discuss the properties of three important families of bismuth-based ternary compounds, including Bi2O2X (X = S, Se, Te), BiTeX (X = Cl, Br, I), and BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I). In particular, we have placed emphasis on the latest progress in their 2D forms, including their novel properties and applications. This review would aid in understanding the superior performance of bismuth-based ternary compounds and offer a perspective for future research on these emerging 2D materials.
Photoresist-enabled assembly of BN/graphene/BN heterostructure and fabrication of one-dimensional contact electrode
Authors: Cai Anjiang , Yu Wang , Zhang Guodong , Zhao Yulong , Sun Jing , Liu Yuan , Zhang Dongpeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrate is easily soluble in acetone and cannot withstand high temperatures, thereby restricting the application of graphene or boron nitride (BN) on it. Furthermore, the assembly mechanism of a BN/graphene/BN heterostructure directly determines the performance of a device. In this paper, we report the single-spin photoresist stacking transfer assembly (SPSTA) of a BN/graphene/BN heterostructure on a PMMA substrate using a photoresist as a support layer. The photoresist served as a protective layer for the retained BN/graphene/BN heterostructure. The excess BN/graphene/BN heterostructure was etched away by oxygen plasma, following which a metal was evaporated on the photoresist surface. As metal is impervious to light, the excellent light transmittance of the PMMA substrate could be utilized. After the photoresist was denatured by ultraviolet light exposure on the back of the substrate, it was dissolved by a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, and a one-dimensional contact of the BN/graphene/BN heterostructure and metal was achieved. Finally, through different testing methods, we found that the SPSTA of the BN/graphene/BN heterostructure yields a smooth morphology and high electrical conductivity with a uniform sheet resistance. We examined the air failure of the BN/graphene/BN heterostructure and found that its SPSTA was stable. Our study realized the transfer of two-dimensional (2D) materials on PMMA substrates for the first time, overcame the membrane surface pollution caused by the traditional BN/graphene/BN heterostructure assembly process, realized the fabrication of BN/graphene/BN heterostructure devices on PMMA substrates for the first time, and offers important insights for the application of graphene and BN or other 2D materials on PMMA substrates.