bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Neuroimaging in the New Era of Big Data
Authors: Li Xiang , Guo Ning , Li Quanzheng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The field of functional neuroimaging has substantially advanced as a big data science in the past decade, thanks to international collaborative projects and community efforts. Here we conducted a literature review on functional neuroimaging, with focus on three general challenges in big data tasks: data collection and sharing, data infrastructure construction, and data analysis methods. The review covers a wide range of literature types including perspectives, database descriptions, methodology developments, and technical details. We show how each of the challenges was proposed and addressed, and how these solutions formed the three core foundations for the functional neuroimaging as a big data science and helped to build the current data-rich and data-driven community. Furthermore, based on our review of recent literature on the upcoming challenges and opportunities toward future scientific discoveries, we envisioned that the functional neuroimaging community needs to advance from the current foundations to better data integration infrastructure, methodology development toward improved learning capability, and multi-discipline translational research framework for this new era of big data.
Role of the Wnt signalling pathway in the development of endothelial disorders in response to hyperglycaemia
Authors: Durak-Kozica Martyna , Paszek Elżbieta , Stępień Ewa Ł 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionDiabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disease. A WHO report from 2016 indicates that 422 million people worldwide suffer from DM or hyperglycaemia because of impaired glucose metabolism. Chronic hyperglycaemia leads to micro- and macrovessel damage, which may result in life-threatening complications. The Wnt pathway regulates cell proliferation and survival by modulating the expression of genes that control cell differentiation. Three linked Wnt pathways have been discovered thus far: aβ-catenin-dependent pathway and two pathways independent ofβ-catenin – the planar cell polarity pathway and calcium-dependent pathway. The Wnt pathway regulates genes associated with inflammation, cell cycle, angiogenesis, fibrinolysis and other molecular processes.Areas coveredThis review presents the current state of knowledge regarding the contribution of the Wnt pathway to endothelial ageing under hyperglycaemic conditions and provides new insights into the molecular basis of diabetic endothelial dysfunction.ConclusionTheβ-catenin-dependent pathway is a potential target in the prophylaxis and treatment of early-stage diabetes-related vascular complications. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely undetermined and require further investigation.
The Contentious Politics of Resettlement Programs: Evidence from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Authors: Côté Isabelle , Pottie-Sherman Yolande 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLabelling resettlement programs as voluntary suggests that they cause little contention and are devoid of coercion. But is this representation accurate? Drawing on unpublished government documents and media reports, we provide a detailed case study of the Community Relocation Policy (CRP) of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) from 2009 to the present. We show that CRP has been fraught with contention due to the nature of the voting process and the slow and uncertain nature of the community-oriented consultative process. This article highlights the ways in which coercion has emerged from within the very communities considering resettlement, in addition to any coercion that might come from government officials.
Understanding resilience from the perspective of Appalachian centenarians
Authors: Holston Ezra C. , Callen Bonnie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCentenarians worldwide are growing rapidly and thriving as they age. This growth reflects their desire to thrive beyond personal and societal obstacles, a hallmark sign of resilience. However, little research exists on centenarians’ perspectives about their lived experiences that reflect resilience. Therefore, the purpose of this secondary analysis was to capture the perspectives of Appalachian centenarians about (a) living through their childhood and early adulthood in an area known for poverty and isolation, and (b) exploring the resilient nature that emerged from their narratives. With a qualitative descriptive design, 21 community-dwelling Appalachian centenarians participated in face-to-face interviews. They resided in either their homes or assisted-living facilities. Transcripts were analysed with Neuendorf's method of content analysis. Within three themes, 11 sub-themes were identified: (a) working hard for the family, (b) loss of a loved one, (c) gender and race discrimination, (d) impact of isolation on health, (e) living a simple life, (f) using family/community support, (g) consuming and appreciating food from their farms, (h) spirituality, (i) generosity of spirit, (j) living a clean life, and (k) happy, good and loving life. Collectively, these themes and sub-themes reflected how the centenarians overcame and grew from challenges and adversities to become resilient. Consequently, these findings show that understanding resilience from centenarians’ perspectives can significantly contribute to the potential for longevity.
Coupling the normative regulation with the constitutive state management in Situated Artificial Institutions
Authors: De Brito Maiquel , Fred Hübner Jomi , Boissier Olivier 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Artificial Institutions are systems where the regulation defined through norms is based on an interpretation of the concrete world where the agents are situated and interact. Such interpretation can be defined through constitutive rules. The literature proposes independent approaches for the definition and management of both norms and constitutive rules. However, they are usually either not coupled or coupled in an ad hoc and limiting solution. This paper investigates how to make such a coupling. The main contribution of this paper is a formal model basing the regulation provided by the norms on the institutional interpretation of the world provided by constitutive rules. This contribution is based on the Situated Artificial Institutions model that proposes an integrated model of constitutive rules based on status functions.
New access services in HbbTV based on a deep learning approach for media content analysis
Authors: Uribe Silvia , Belmonte Alberto , Moreno Francisco , Llorente Álvaro , López Juan Pedro , Álvarez Federico 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUniversal access on equal terms to audiovisual content is a key point for the full inclusion of people with disabilities in activities of daily life. As a real challenge for the current Information Society, it has been detected but not achieved in an efficient way, due to the fact that current access solutions are mainly based in the traditional television standard and other not automated high-cost solutions. The arrival of new technologies within the hybrid television environment together with the application of different artificial intelligence techniques over the content will assure the deployment of innovative solutions for enhancing the user experience for all. In this paper, a set of different tools for image enhancement based on the combination between deep learning and computer vision algorithms will be presented. These tools will provide automatic descriptive information of the media content based on face detection for magnification and character identification. The fusion of this information will be finally used to provide a customizable description of the visual information with the aim of improving the accessibility level of the content, allowing an efficient and reduced cost solution for all.
Offset Channels May Not Accurately Record Strike‐Slip Fault Displacement: Evidence From Landscape Evolution Models
Authors: Reitman Nadine G. , Mueller Karl J. , Tucker Gregory E. , Gold Ryan D. , Briggs Richard W. , Barnhart Katherine R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSlip distribution, slip rate, and slip per event for strike‐slip faults are commonly determined by correlating offset stream channels—under the assumption that they record seismic slip—but offset channels are formed by the interplay of tectonic and geomorphic processes. To constrain offset channel development under known tectonic and geomorphic conditions, we use numerical landscape evolution simulations along a theoretical strike‐slip fault with uniform and steady uplift, erosion, and diffusion. We investigate the influence of four tectonic parameters (fault zone width, earthquake recurrence interval, variance of the recurrence interval, and total slip relative to channel spacing) on offset channel development through multiple earthquake cycles. Analysis of >3,000 automatically measured offsets from >135 simulations suggests ~30% variability in individual measurements, but modeled displacement is recovered by averaging multiple measurements. However, the average of multiple offset measurements systematically underestimates modeled slip except when the fault zone is less than ~5 m wide, total slip is less than channel spacing, and offsets are measured shortly after an earthquake. In these simulations, postearthquake landscape evolution widens the geomorphic expression of the fault zone and modifies apparent channel offsets. We distinguish this “geomorphic fault zone” from the tectonic fault zone (zone of coseismic distributed deformation). This study highlights the capability of landscape evolution models to explore a range of conditions not easily defined in natural examples and the importance of averaging multiple measurements. Our results verify that paleoseismic studies must consider how geomorphic change has modified offset markers and use caution interpreting slip histories with multiple earthquakes.
Ofatumumab maintenance prolongs progression-free survival in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia: final analysis of the PROLONG study
Authors: van Oers Marinus , Smolej Lukas , Petrini Mario , Offner Fritz , Grosicki Sebastian , Levin Mark-David , Davis Jaclyn , Banerjee Hiya , Stefanelli Tommaso , Hoever Petra , Geisler Christian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe report the final analysis of the PROLONG study on ofatumumab maintenance in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In all, 480 patients with CLL in complete or partial remission after second- or third-line treatment were randomized 1:1 to ofatumumab (300 mg first week, followed by 1000 mg every 8 weeks for up to 2 years) or observation. Median follow-up duration was 40.9 months. Median progression-free survival was 34.2 and 16.9 months for ofatumumab and observation arms, respectively, (hazard ratio, 0.55 [95% confidence interval, 0.43–0.70]; P < 0.0001). Median time to next treatment for ofatumumab and observation arms, respectively, was 37.4 and 27.6 months (0.72 [0.57–0.91]; P = 0.0044). Overall survival was similar in both arms; median was not reached (0.99 [0.72–1.37]). Grade ≥ 3 adverse events occurred in 62% and 51% of patients in ofatumumab and observation arms, respectively, the most common being neutropenia (23% and 10%), pneumonia (13% and 12%) and febrile neutropenia (6% and 4%). Up to 60 days after the last treatment, four deaths were reported in the ofatumumab arm versus six in the observation arm, none considered related to ofatumumab. Ofatumumab maintenance significantly prolonged progression-free survival in patients with relapsed CLL and was well tolerated.
First-time postmenopausal bleeding as a clinical marker of long-term cancer risk: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Bengtsen Maria B. , Veres Katalin , Nørgaard Mette 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundData on long-term risk of cancer after a postmenopausal bleeding diagnosis are sparse.MethodsWe used Danish medical registries to conduct a population-based cohort study of women with a first hospital-diagnosed postmenopausal bleeding during 1995–2013. We computed the absolute risk of cancer and the standardised incidence ratio (SIR) comparing the observed cancer incidence with that expected in the general population.ResultsAmong 43,756 women with postmenopausal bleeding, the absolute 1- and 5-year risk of endometrial cancer were 4.66% and 5.18%, respectively. The SIR of endometrial cancer was elevated during 0–3 months (SIR = 330.36 (95% CI: 315.43–345.81)), 3–12 months (SIR = 11.39 (95% CI: 9.79–13.17)), 1–5 years (SIR = 2.55 (95% CI: 2.19–2.94)) and >5 years of follow-up (SIR = 1.63 (95% CI: 1.40–1.90)). All selected gynaecological and urological, gastrointestinal and haematological cancers had elevated 0–3 months SIRs. Beyond 1 year of follow-up the SIRs of ovarian and bladder cancer remained elevated with a 1–5-year SIR of 2.15 (95% CI: 1.71–2.65) and 1.45 (95% CI: 1.14–1.80), respectively.ConclusionsIn the Danish population, women with a first hospital-diagnosed postmenopausal bleeding have an increased 0–3 months risk of gynaecological, urological, gastrointestinal and haematological cancers. The SIR of endometrial, ovarian and bladder cancer remained elevated for several years.
Renewed proliferation in adult mouse cochlea and regeneration of hair cells
Authors: Shu Yilai , Li Wenyan , Huang Mingqian , Quan Yi-Zhou , Scheffer Deborah , Tian Chunjie , Tao Yong , Liu Xuezhong , Hochedlinger Konrad , Indzhykulian Artur A. , Wang Zhengmin , Li Huawei , Chen Zheng-Yi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe adult mammalian inner ear lacks the capacity to divide or regenerate. Damage to inner ear generally leads to permanent hearing loss in humans. Here, we present that reprogramming of the adult inner ear induces renewed proliferation and regeneration of inner ear cell types. Co-activation of cell cycle activator Myc and inner ear progenitor gene Notch1 induces robust proliferation of diverse adult cochlear sensory epithelial cell types. Transient MYC and NOTCH activities enable adult supporting cells to respond to transcription factor Atoh1 and efficiently transdifferentiate into hair cell-like cells. Furthermore, we uncover that mTOR pathway participates in MYC/NOTCH-mediated proliferation and regeneration. These regenerated hair cell-like cells take up the styryl dye FM1-43 and are likely to form connections with adult spiral ganglion neurons, supporting that Myc and Notch1 co-activation is sufficient to reprogram fully mature supporting cells to proliferate and regenerate hair cell-like cells in adult mammalian auditory organs.
Carbon-nanotube reinforcement of DNA-silica nanocomposites yields programmable and cell-instructive biocoatings
Authors: Hu Yong , Domínguez Carmen M. , Bauer Jens , Weigel Simone , Schipperges Alessa , Oelschlaeger Claude , Willenbacher Norbert , Keppler Stephan , Bastmeyer Martin , Heißler Stefan , Wöll Christof , Scharnweber Tim , Rabe Kersten S. , Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBiomedical applications require substrata that allow for the grafting, colonization and control of eukaryotic cells. Currently available materials are often limited by insufficient possibilities for the integration of biological functions and means for tuning the mechanical properties. We report on tailorable nanocomposite materials in which silica nanoparticles are interwoven with carbon nanotubes by DNA polymerization. The modular, well controllable and scalable synthesis yields materials whose composition can be gradually adjusted to produce synergistic, non-linear mechanical stiffness and viscosity properties. The materials were exploited as substrata that outperform conventional culture surfaces in the ability to control cellular adhesion, proliferation and transmigration through the hydrogel matrix. The composite materials also enable the construction of layered cell architectures, the expansion of embryonic stem cells by simplified cultivation methods and the on-demand release of uniformly sized stem cell spheroids.
Trio deep-sequencing does not reveal unexpected off-target and on-target mutations in Cas9-edited rhesus monkeys
Authors: Luo Xin , He Yaoxi , Zhang Chao , He Xiechao , Yan Lanzhen , Li Min , Hu Ting , Hu Yan , Jiang Jin , Meng Xiaoyu , Ji Weizhi , Zhao Xudong , Zheng Ping , Xu Shuhua , Su Bing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCRISPR-Cas9 is a widely-used genome editing tool, but its off-target effect and on-target complex mutations remain a concern, especially in view of future clinical applications. Non-human primates (NHPs) share close genetic and physiological similarities with humans, making them an ideal preclinical model for developing Cas9-based therapies. However, to our knowledge no comprehensive in vivo off-target and on-target assessment has been conducted in NHPs. Here, we perform whole genome trio sequencing of Cas9-treated rhesus monkeys. We only find a small number of de novo mutations that can be explained by expected spontaneous mutations, and no unexpected off-target mutations (OTMs) were detected. Furthermore, the long-read sequencing data does not detect large structural variants in the target region.
Self-organized twist-heterostructures via aligned van der Waals epitaxy and solid-state transformations
Authors: Sutter Peter , Ibragimova Rina , Komsa Hannu-Pekka , Parkinson Bruce A. , Sutter Eli 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVertical van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures of 2D crystals with defined interlayer twist are of interest for band-structure engineering via twist moiré superlattice potentials. To date, twist-heterostructures have been realized by micromechanical stacking. Direct synthesis is hindered by the tendency toward equilibrium stacking without interlayer twist. Here, we demonstrate that growing a 2D crystal with fixed azimuthal alignment to the substrate followed by transformation of this intermediate enables a potentially scalable synthesis of twisted heterostructures. Microscopy during growth of ultrathin orthorhombic SnS on trigonal SnS2 shows that vdW epitaxy yields azimuthal order even for non-isotypic 2D crystals. Excess sulfur drives a spontaneous transformation of the few-layer SnS to SnS2, whose orientation – rotated 30° against the underlying SnS2 crystal – is defined by the SnS intermediate rather than the substrate. Preferential nucleation of additional SnS on such twisted domains repeats the process, promising the realization of complex twisted stacks by bottom-up synthesis.
Synthetic chimeric nucleases function for efficient genome editing
Authors: Liu R. M. , Liang L. L. , Freed E. , Chang H. , Oh E. , Liu Z. Y. , Garst A. , Eckert C. A. , Gill R. T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCRISPR–Cas systems have revolutionized genome editing across a broad range of biotechnological endeavors. Many CRISPR-Cas nucleases have been identified and engineered for improved capabilities. Given the modular structure of such enzymes, we hypothesized that engineering chimeric sequences would generate non-natural variants that span the kinetic parameter landscape, and thus provide for the rapid selection of nucleases fit for a particular editing system. Here, we design a chimeric Cas12a-type library with approximately 560 synthetic chimeras, and select several functional variants. We demonstrate that certain nuclease domains can be recombined across distantly related nuclease templates to produce variants that function in bacteria, yeast, and human cell lines. We further characterize selected chimeric nucleases and find that they have different protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) preferences and the M44 chimera has higher specificity relative to wild-type (WT) sequences. This demonstration opens up the possibility of generating nuclease sequences with implications across biotechnology.
Individual face- and house-related eye movement patterns distinctively activate FFA and PPA
Authors: Wang Lihui , Baumgartner Florian , Kaule Falko R. , Hanke Michael , Pollmann Stefan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe investigated if the fusiform face area (FFA) and the parahippocampal place area (PPA) contain a representation of fixation sequences that are typically used when looking at faces or houses. Here, we instructed observers to follow a dot presented on a uniform background. The dot’s movements represented gaze paths acquired separately from observers looking at face or house pictures. Even when gaze dispersion differences were controlled, face- and house-associated gaze patterns could be discriminated by fMRI multivariate pattern analysis in FFA and PPA, more so for the current observer’s own gazes than for another observer’s gaze. The discrimination of the observer’s own gaze patterns was not observed in early visual areas (V1 – V4) or superior parietal lobule and frontal eye fields. These findings indicate a link between perception and action—the complex gaze patterns that are used to explore faces and houses—in the FFA and PPA.
Brassinosteroid signaling delimits root gravitropism via sorting of the Arabidopsis PIN2 auxin transporter
Authors: Retzer Katarzyna , Akhmanova Maria , Konstantinova Nataliia , Malínská Kateřina , Leitner Johannes , Petrášek Jan , Luschnig Christian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractArabidopsis PIN2 protein directs transport of the phytohormone auxin from the root tip into the root elongation zone. Variation in hormone transport, which depends on a delicate interplay between PIN2 sorting to and from polar plasma membrane domains, determines root growth. By employing a constitutively degraded version of PIN2, we identify brassinolides as antagonists of PIN2 endocytosis. This response does not require de novo protein synthesis, but involves early events in canonical brassinolide signaling. Brassinolide-controlled adjustments in PIN2 sorting and intracellular distribution governs formation of a lateral PIN2 gradient in gravistimulated roots, coinciding with adjustments in auxin signaling and directional root growth. Strikingly, simulations indicate that PIN2 gradient formation is no prerequisite for root bending but rather dampens asymmetric auxin flow and signaling. Crosstalk between brassinolide signaling and endocytic PIN2 sorting, thus, appears essential for determining the rate of gravity-induced root curvature via attenuation of differential cell elongation.
Shell potentials for microgravity Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Lundblad N. , Carollo R. A. , Lannert C. , Gold M. J. , Jiang X. , Paseltiner D. , Sergay N. , Aveline D. C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExtending the understanding of Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) physics to new geometries and topologies has a long and varied history in ultracold atomic physics. One such new geometry is that of a bubble, where a condensate would be confined to the surface of an ellipsoidal shell. Study of this geometry would give insight into new collective modes, self-interference effects, topology-dependent vortex behavior, dimensionality crossovers from thick to thin shells, and the properties of condensates pushed into the ultradilute limit. Here we propose to implement a realistic experimental framework for generating shell-geometry BEC using radiofrequency dressing of magnetically trapped samples. Such a tantalizing state of matter is inaccessible terrestrially due to the distorting effect of gravity on experimentally feasible shell potentials. The debut of an orbital BEC machine (NASA Cold Atom Laboratory, aboard the International Space Station) has enabled the operation of quantum-gas experiments in a regime of perpetual freefall, and thus has permitted the planning of microgravity shell-geometry BEC experiments. We discuss specific experimental configurations, applicable inhomogeneities and other experimental challenges, and outline potential experiments.