bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charles Peirce and firstness: The category of origins
Authors: Sørensen Bent , Thellefsen Torkild , Dewi Amalia Nurma 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Peirce’s category of Firstness is first and fundamental. Without Firstness, we can say, nothing can (later) be – no time, no space, no things, no processes, no growth, no regularities, and no thoughts – hence, nothing of which we can ever conceive. However, despite the fundamentality of Peirce’s category of Firstness, we still do not believe that it has received the attention that it rightly deserves; not by Peirce himself, nor by his commentators. In the following we will, therefore, look at the category of Firstness and try to give a modest glimpse of its fundamentality in relation to four other of Peirce’s central concepts: namely, evolution, consciousness, icon, and, finally, abduction.
Garroni, the late Peirce, and the issue of creativity
Authors: Grillo Eduardo , Guagnano Giacinto Davide 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The iconic and diagrammatic features of abduction, as expressed in Peirce’s works after 1890, allow one to re-read the Kantian concept of schema. By means of this new reading, it is possible to consider the dynamics between legality and creative acts, which, according to Emilio Garroni, keep cultures alive. This process can be analysed by a semiotic theory that could combine the features of Kant’s Aesthetic Judgment (as an answer to schema’s problems) and Peirce’s last theory of abduction. In this way, it becomes possible to go beyond the simple subsumption, through Reflective Judgment, of sensible intuitions under a concept. Thus, creativity becomes the process, both mental and cultural, whereby a new regularity come from the background of the previous one as a result of the free play of our faculties (Musement), which sets links between universes of experience apparently very distant one from another.
Sémantique de la grammaire, parcours typologiques et changement historique
Authors: Larrivée Pierre 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article revisits the notion of distinctive features used in linguistic semantics, through which this discipline converges with semiotics. Applied to grammar, traits make it possible to characterize notional categories and the links between them. These links are empirically demonstrated by the regularities in typological variation and in diachronic evolution. New data are provided explaining the passage from one category to another, in particular from indefinites to negation proper. The approach makes it possible to identify the features and notional categories that structure the semantics of grammar across languages.
Die friedenspolitische Ambivalenz deutscher Pipelinedeals mit Moskau– eine interdependenztheoretische Erklärung des russisch-ukrainischen Konfliktes
Authors: Umland Andreas 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Aufsatz führt einen wenig beachteten Aspekt der deutschen Ostpolitik der letzten 25 Jahren in die aufgeheizte europäische Diskussion darüber ein, wie man am besten mit Putins Russland umgehen solle. Ausgehend von der bekannten Interdependenztheorie wird argumentiert, dass durch die von Berlin geförderten zwei Nord-Stream-Projekte die russisch-ukrainischen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen gelockert und dadurch eine Konfrontation zwischen den beiden postsowjetischen Republiken erleichtert wurde. Besonderheiten der überraschend friedlichen Entwicklung der Ukraine in den ersten zwanzig Jahren ihres Bestehens als unabhängiger Staat werden der Eskalation der Spannungen zwischen Moskau und Kyjiw in den Jahren 2013–2014 gegenübergestellt. Die Fertigstellung des zweiten Strangs der ersten Nord-Stream-Pipeline im Oktober 2012 wird als eine entscheidende Entwicklung angesehen, die dem Kreml gegenüber der Ukraine freie Hand gab. Die Verringerung der wirtschaftlichen Interdependenz infolge der Umleitung sibirischer Gasexporte in die neue Ostsee-Pipeline führte zu einem Territorialkonflikt zwischen der Ukraine und Russland, der an Entwicklungen erinnert, die zuvor in Moldau und Georgien stattgefunden hatten.
A single bout of coordination training does not lead to EIH in young healthy men – a RCT
Authors: Herzig Marie , Krüger Steffen , Hilberg Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Physical activity can lead to hypoalgesic effects and is often recommended as part of multidisciplinary pain management. Based on the idea, that in future specific and more differentiated sports therapeutic interventions could be used for a multidisciplinary pain management, various type of sports and their effects on pain sensitivity should be analysed. Whereas endurance as well as strengthening exercises are associated with a decrease in pain sensitivity in healthy people as well as people with chronic pain states, the effects of a specific coordination training (CT) on pain sensitivity have not yet been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, aim of the present study was to examine if a single bout of CT leads to exercised-induced hypoalgesia in young healthy men.

Methods
Thirty five healthy men (mean age 27 ± 3 years) were examined in a randomised crossover design before and after a single bout of 45-min CT and a 45-min resting session as control condition by means of Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST). The QST is a validated instrument to assess the function of the somatosensory system, by applying thermal and mechanical stimuli. By doing so, various detection and pain thresholds were determined at the dorsum of one foot. Exercises of CT were chosen to generate high proprioceptive input for the ankle joints.

Results
Analysis of the QST data in respect of the factors group (CT/control condition), time (pre/post) and stimuli (parameter of QST) revealed no statistically significant main effects of a single bout of CT on somatosensory system, neither for the factors group*time (p=0.51), nor the factors group*time*stimuli (p=0.32). All stimuli remained constant in the course of both conditions (e.g. mean ± sd of heat pain threshold pre/post in °C: coordination: 44.7 ± 3.1/44.8 ± 2.9; rest: 45.5 ± 3.0/44.9 ± 3.0).

Conclusions
In this setting, a single bout of CT had no effect on the somatosensory system in young healthy men. Therefore, this specific CT did not lead to an exercised-induced hypoalgesia in healthy people. Intensity of sensory input during training intervention might be too low to generate analgesic effects in a non-pathological altered somatosensory system of young healthy men. Further research is needed to clarify if a CT can induce exercised-induced hypoalgesia in people with pathological alterations of the somatosensory system. In addition, it has to examined if analgesic effects can be induced by changing the intensity of CT in healthy people. Detailed knowledge regarding the effects of different training interventions on pain modulation is needed to completely understand the mechanism of exercised-induced hypoalgesia.
Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Hausa version of Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire in patients with non-specific low back pain
Authors: Ahmed Usman Abba , Maharaj Sonill S. , Nadasan Thayananthee , Kaka Bashir 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (OMPSQ) is widely used in clinical practice and for research purpose to screen the risk of chronicity in patients with Non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). The questionnaire has been cross-culturally adapted into different languages, but to date, there has not been Hausa version of the questionnaire. This study is important as the Hausa language is widely spoken across sub-Saharan Africa. The study aims to cross-culturally translate the English version of the (OMPSQ) into Hausa language (OMPSQ-H) and to test its psychometric properties in Hausa patients with NSLBP.

Methods
This observational study involved the use of forward-backwards translation method for the English version of OMPSQ. Thus, 124 male and female participants with subacute NSLBP were recruited using convenient sampling techniques. The psychometric properties statistically tested included reliability, internal-consistency, ceiling and floor effects, acceptability and construct validity.

Results
The Hausa version of OMPSQ has demonstrated good reliability (ICC=0.82) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=0.72) with good acceptability as all questions were answered in 5 min. Responsiveness was adequate as OMPSQ-H retest scores demonstrated good correlation with the global rating of change scale scores (r=0.67, p=0.01). Construct validity was evaluated using principal component analysis and it reveals six components structure for the OMPSQ-H.

Conclusions
The OMPSQ-H was successfully translated and cross-culturally adapted with no problem of comprehension. Moreover, it has shown adequate psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency, reliability, responsiveness and constructs validity. Consequently, the OMPSQ-H can be considered as a valid tool for identifying and screening both psychosocial risk factors and risk of chronicity of NSLBP in Hausa population.
Think twice before starting a new trial; what is the impact of recommendations to stop doing new trials?
Authors: van Ravesteyn Leontien M , Skinner Ian W , Newton-John Toby , Ferreira Manuela L , Verhagen Arianne P 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
In evidence-based medicine, we base our conclusions on the effectiveness of interventions on the results of high-quality meta-analysis. If a new randomized controlled trial (RCT) is unlikely to change the pooled effect estimate, conducting the new trial is a waste of resources. We evaluated whether recommendations not to conduct further RCTs reduced the number of trials registered for two scenarios.

Methods
Analysis of registered trials on the World Health Organisation (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). We regarded trial protocols relevant if they evaluated the effectiveness of (1) exercise for chronic low back pain (LBP) and (2) cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for chronic pain. We calculated absolute and relative numbers and change of registered trials in a pre-set time window before and after publication of the recommendations, both published in 2012.

Results
We found 1,574 trials registered in the WHO trial registry for exercise in LBP (459 before 2012; 1,115 after) and 5,037 trials on chronic pain (1,564 before 2012; 3,473 after). Before 2012, 13 trials on exercise for LBP (out of 459) fit the selection criteria, compared to 42 trials (out of 1,115) after, which represents a relative increase of 33%. Twelve trials (out of 1,564) regarding CBT for chronic pain, fit the selection criteria before 2012 and 18 trials (out of 3,473) after, representing a relative decrease of 32%. We found that visibility, media exposure and strength of the recommendation were related to a decrease in registered trials.

Conclusions
Recommendations not to conduct further RCTs might reduce the number of trials registered if these recommendations are strongly worded and combined with social media attention.
Inverse piezoelectric material parameter characterization using a single disc-shaped specimen
Authors: Feldmann Nadine , Schulze Veronika , Claes Leander , Jurgelucks Benjamin , Walther Andrea , Henning Bernd 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The increasingly simulation-driven design process of ultrasonic transducers requires several reliable parameters for the description of the material behaviour. Exact results can only be achieved when a single specimen is used in the identification process, which typically is prone to the problem of low sensitivities to certain material parameters and thus high uncertainties. Therefore, a custom electrode topology for increased sensitivity is proposed for a piezoceramic disc. The thereupon conducted measurements of the electric impedance can be used as a starting point for an inverse approach where an equivalent simulation model is used to identify fitting material parameters. An optimisation strategy based on a preliminary sensitivity analysis is presented that leads to a good agreement between measurement and simulation. Furthermore, the proposed measurement procedure is able to evaluate the quality of the simulation model. Hence, different frequency-dependent damping models are presented and evaluated.
Direct-imaging DOEs for high-NA multi-spot confocal microscopy
Authors: Li Zheng , Taphanel Miro , Längle Thomas , Beyerer Jürgen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Diffractive lens arrays with overlapping apertures can produce spots with high numerical apertures (NAs). Such diffractive optical elements (DOEs) can replace high-NA objectives and measure a large area with high resolution in transmission microscopes. However, in reflection microscopes for surface measurements, the axial resolution is still limited by the objectives. Direct-imaging DOEs are proposed to solve the problem. They can perform high-NA multi-spot measurement in reflection configurations in both lateral and axial directions. Experiments demonstrate a lateral non-vanishing contrast up to 1448 lp/mm and an axial response on a plane mirror with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 2.24 μm.
Akustische Zeitumkehrfokussierung in Wasser mittels FPGA-basierter Plattform
Authors: Edner Falco , Tornow Michael , Steinmann Ulrike 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird das Fokussierverhalten mittels akustischer Zeitumkehr in Wasser diskutiert. Als Grundlage zur Generierung einer hochaufgelösten örtlichen und zeitlichen Fokussierung dient eine eigenentwickelte FPGA-basierte Plattform (auf einem ZynqMP Ultrascale+). Diese ermöglicht eine synchrone Anregung von bis zu 32 Wandlern bei einer Abtastrate von 4,8 MSa/s und 8 bit Amplitudenauflösung. Zudem wird die gewählte Filter- und Verstärkertechnik vorgestellt und die FPGA-Plattform mit einem kommerziellen analogen System verglichen. Die Messung des Schalldruckfeldes innerhalb der Flüssigkeit erfolgt über ein Nadelhydrophon, das an ein 3D-Schallfeldscanner-System angekoppelt ist. Die im Kalibrierschritt der Methodik erzeugten analogen zeitumgekehrten Impulsantworten werden über eine frequenz- und auflösungsabhängige Pulsweitenmodulation (PWM) für die darauffolgende synchrone FPGA-Ansteuerung umgewandelt. Der jeweilige Fokuspunkt wird hinsichtlich seiner Amplitude, räumlichen Auslenkung sowie dem Kontrastverhältnis des Fokuspunktes gegenüber dessen akustisch nicht adressierten Umgebung bewertet. Dabei wird die Fokusqualität bezüglich einer unterschiedlichen Wandleranzahl und an verschiedenen Zielpositionen untersucht.
Effect of static magnetic field with quercetin and hesperetin on MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 breast cancer cells
Authors: Abusoglu Gulsum , Ozturk Bahadir 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Static magnetic field (SMF) was previously in practice for the therapy of some diseases and it has been thought that it may be a reliable supportive technique. The aim of this study was to find out the synergistic effect of SMF administration with flavonoids in terms of apoptosis on breast cancer cell lines.

Material and methods
The effects of flavonoids on the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines were observed by MTT cell viability test. The cells were treated with SMF + hesperetin and SMF + quercetin. Apoptosis rates and Bax, Bcl-2 protein levels were detected by flow cytometer and Western Blot, respectively.

Results
Cell lines were treated with quercetin and quercetin + SMF, substantial amount of cells [3.96, 4.86, 11.40% for MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 cell lines, respectively (p<0.001)] were mainly in the apoptotic phase. The apoptosis rates of hesperetin and hesperetin + SMF were 2.53, 6.06, 10.10% (p<0.001) for MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 cell lines, respectively. Bax:Bcl-2 ratios were significantly increased after flavonoids + SMF exposure (2.7 vs. 1.6 fold (p<0.0001) in hesperetin + SMF group and 1.8 vs. 1.3-fold (p<0.0001) in quercetin + SMF group for MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 cell lines, respectively.

Conclusions
SMF might support the anti-cancer properties of flavonoids, on breast cancer cells via mitochondria-related apoptosis pathway.
High dose ascorbic acid treatment in COVID-19 patients raised some problems in clinical chemistry testing
Authors: Yesildal Fatih , Isman Ferruh Kemal 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
COVID-19 pandemia still continues to threaten the whole world. High dose ascorbic acid (AA) infusion is a choice of treatment and its efficiency is still being investigated. AA interferes with many clinical chemistry tests. However, data about the interference of high concentrations of AA is not sufficient. In this study, we aimed to investigate the interference of AA at high concentrations on commonly used chemistry assays.

Materials and Methods
Serum samples at AA concentrations of 200, 150, 100, 75, 50, 25, 10, 5, 2 and 0 mg/dL were prepared by using the stock solution of 15000 mg/dL AA. Each sample was analyzed by using the most common 30 chemistry tests (Abbott Architect C8000, Illinois, USA) and a POCT glucometer (STANDARD GlucoNavii, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea).

Results
Creatinine, sodium and glucose (POCT) tests were found to be positively interfered by increasing AA concentrations; while direct bilirubin, lipase, UIBC, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL/LDL cholesterol tests were negatively interfered. Absolute interference (%) increased as the AA concentration increased.

Conclusion
This is the largest and first study to investigate the interference of high dose AA, which is used in severe COVID-19 patients nowadays. Manufacturers and clinicians should be aware of the possibility of aberrant results due to high dose AA infusion. Clinicians should not forget to consult a laboratory specialist, since he is the only person to monitor the reactions in all assays, and know the technical subjects like interferences, assay method specifications. This issue is very important for correct decision-making and interpretation of the data-mining studies accurately and efficiently.
Ein Textdossier aus der Zeit Bischof Anselms II. von Lucca
Authors: Schilling Beate 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

A dossier of texts from the time of bishop Anselm II of Lucca. The article analyses an appendix of texts at the end of three manuscripts of the collectio canonum ascribed to Anselm of Lucca. The texts, in their majority contemporaneous, are concerned mainly with simony and might have been intended to supplement the 6th book (about bishopsʼ rights) of that collection. The texts are of interest as they prove their compilerʼs relations to Bernold of Constance and to Milan, the town, where Anselm and his uncle, pope Alexander II, came from. Two texts of Alexander II, a long letter adressed to the clergy and people of Lucca and a canon of dubious authenticity about simoniac consecrations of churches, can in fact be traced back to Milan manuscripts and allow us a glimpse into the local debates of the 1060s.
Theologie in laizistischen Zeiten
Authors: Schwarz Karl W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Theology in laicistic times. The breakdown of Habsburg monarchy and the consequences for protestantic colleges in the region of Danube and the Carpats. The article deals with the fate of protestant colleges in the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy and its descendant states. Protestant teaching was restricted by a laicistic course of policy in Czechoslovakia (under Masaryk) and Austria (Socialist party). In Hungary, Horthy expected help and hope by the churches during the depression after the lost war, and therefore founded ecclesiastical academic institutes on university level. To this day, pastoral training is located in church-directed universities and colleges, whereas the public universities and colleges offer no theological courses. In Austria, the „Großdeutsche“ party supported the „Christlichsoziale“ party and its powerful (clerical) leader Ignaz Seipel under the condition that the 100 year old protestant seminary was incorporated with Vienna University. In Prag and Bratislava, Masaryk’s system of separation of state and church postboned the academic incorporation until 1990.
Auffällige Personen- und Ortsnamen in den Codex-Glossen des Roffredus Beneventanus
Authors: Bertram Martin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Remarkable names of persons and places in the glosses to the Codex Iustiniani of Roffredus Beneventanus. The first part of this paper is a review of Manlio Bellomo’s recent edition of glosses preserved in a Prague manuscript of the Code of Iustinian and now attributed to the famous jurist Roffredus Beneventanus († after june 1243). The second part deals specifically with some strange names mentioned in the glosses. Those names lead to certain persons and places not known from the life and work of Roffredus. With a few exceptions, they cannot be identified, but in general they seem related to the region of Umbria, the Marche and particularly to Spoleto.
Radikale Frühaufklärung in Deutschland
Authors: Schmoeckel Mathias 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Radical early Enlightenment in Germany. The habilitation paper of Martin Mulsow, now enrichend, provides for a new in-depth look into the scientific discussions of the 17th and 18th century. Though Mulsow treats many subjects and touches issues of law only occasionally, the implication of this new publication reveals many new insights also for legal historians. We see that there was a wide spread belief into the existence of scientific liberty, although there was no law or rule to prove this assumption. Though we find no new Gabriel Naudé, Pierre Bayle, or John Locke, the German professors used their debate in order to extend the topics and opinions which could lawfully be discussed. The hermeneutical issues involve insight also for the history of legal evidence.
Kronzeugenanträge versus Datenschutz und Geschäftsgeheimnisschutz Dritter
Authors: Spindler Gerald 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Kronzeugen stellen eines der wichtigsten Beweismittel in Kartellverfahren dar und genießen daher besonderen Schutz. Allerdings setzen sich Kronzeugen mit der Preisgabe von Informationen, die oftmals vertraulich sind oder personenbezogene Daten enthalten, dem Risiko einer Haftung gegenüber den vom Geheimnisschutz oder Datenschutz geschützten Personen aus. Dies gilt erst recht, wenn der Kronzeugenantrag scheitert. Der Beitrag untersucht diese Konfliktlage vor dem Hintergrund des neuen Geheimnisschutzgesetzes sowie der noch in deutsches Recht umzusetzenden Whistleblowing-Richtlinie der EU und zeigt auf, dass mit diesen neuen Regelungen der Kronzeuge in aller Regel sich keiner Haftung mehr gegenüber sieht.
„Mietright“ und die Abtretungssammelklage
Authors: Morell Alexander 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Inwiefern ist die Entscheidung des BGH, dass die konfektionierte Rechtsdienstleistung in einem einzelnen Fall in Sachen Mietright zulässig war, auf die Abtretungssammelklage übertragbar? Das war schon kurz nach dem Urteil eine – vor allem für das Kartellschadensrecht und einen Teil der Verfahren zum Abgasskandal – hoch relevante Frage. Zwei Gerichte haben diese Frage nun ganz unterschiedlich beantwortet. Schon allein das gegensätzliche Verständnis der BGH-Vorgaben durch das LG Braunschweig einer- und das LG München I andererseits lässt es angezeigt erscheinen, zu prüfen, inwieweit die Gründe des BGH in Sachen Mietright (weiter Inkassobegriff, formale Subsumtion unter § 4 RDG und Wirkung der Erfolgsvergütung) auch die rechtliche Bewertung der Abtretungssammelklage vorbestimmen und inwieweit die kundenschützende Interessenabwägung, die der BGH vorsieht, Raum für die Nichtigkeitsfolge des § 134 BGB lässt. Darüber hinaus spricht das LG München I zum ersten Mal einen Interessenkonflikt an, der in der Abtretungssammelklage durch die Heterogenität der zusammengefassten Ansprüche entsteht und die ordnungsgemäße Erbringung der Rechtsdienstleistung gefährden soll.