bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell wall modification by the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase XTH19 influences freezing tolerance after cold and sub‐zero acclimation
Authors: Takahashi Daisuke , Johnson Kim L. , Hao Pengfei , Tuong Tan , Erban Alexander , Sampathkumar Arun , Bacic Antony , Livingston David P. , Kopka Joachim , Kuroha Takeshi , Yokoyama Ryusuke , Nishitani Kazuhiko , Zuther Ellen , Hincha Dirk K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFreezing triggers extracellular ice formation leading to cell dehydration and deformation during a freeze–thaw cycle. Many plant species increase their freezing tolerance during exposure to low, non‐freezing temperatures, a process termed cold acclimation. In addition, exposure to mild freezing temperatures after cold acclimation evokes a further increase in freezing tolerance (sub‐zero acclimation). Previous transcriptome and proteome analyses indicate that cell wall remodelling may be particularly important for sub‐zero acclimation. In the present study, we used a combination of immunohistochemical, chemical and spectroscopic analyses to characterize the cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana and characterized a mutant in the XTH19 gene, encoding a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH). The mutant showed reduced freezing tolerance after both cold and sub‐zero acclimation, compared to the Col‐0 wild type, which was associated with differences in cell wall composition and structure. Most strikingly, immunohistochemistry in combination with 3D reconstruction of centres of rosette indicated that epitopes of the xyloglucan‐specific antibody LM25 were highly abundant in the vasculature of Col‐0 plants after sub‐zero acclimation but absent in the XTH19 mutant. Taken together, our data shed new light on the potential roles of cell wall remodelling for the increased freezing tolerance observed after low temperature acclimation.
Trace element levels in mature breast milk of recently lactating Japanese women
Authors: Motoyama Kahoko , Isojima Tsuyoshi , Sato Yasuhiro , Aihara Ayaka , Asakura Hitomi , Hiraike Haruko , Hino Yuko , Mimaki Masakazu , Nomura Kyoko , Kodama Hiroko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany trace elements are essential for infant growth and development during early life. Their concentrations in breast milk vary depending on social and economic factors. Nonetheless, the present available values in Japan were derived from lactating mothers approximately 15 years ago.MethodsHealthy mothers who gave birth to a single infant after 37 weeks of gestation at Teikyo University Hospital were recruited between July 2016 and December 2017. They were encouraged to collect breast milk samples and a self‐administered food frequency questionnaire at 1 and 3 months postpartum. Anthropometric data for the mothers and their infants were also collected. Overall, 79 subjects were analyzed after excluding subjects with inadequate data in the food frequency questionnaire, insufficient breast milk samples, and medication that could affect dietary intakes. Trace element concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and their correlation with several factors were investigated.ResultsTrace element concentrations were widely distributed as previously reported. Median concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, and Mo were 0.8, 0.8, 98, 50, 272, 2.2, and 0.7 µg/dL at 1 month postpartum and 0.6, 0.7, 55, 33, 177, 2.1, and 0.7 µg/dL at 3 months postpartum, respectively. There were no correlations between trace element concentrations and either mothers’ intakes or infants’ growth. In contrast, there were significant correlations between several trace elements and macronutrients in addition to inter‐element correlations among almost all trace elements.ConclusionsTrace element concentrations in mature breast milk were determined from recently lactating mothers in Japan.
COVID‐19 in Turkey: A tertiary center experience
Authors: Önal Pınar , Kılınç Ayşe Ayzıt , Aygün Fatih , Durak Cansu , Çokuğraş Haluk 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has caused a serious epidemic in our country and all over the world since December 2019 and has become a global health problem. The disease caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus has been named as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19).MethodsWe report on the epidemiological and clinical features of 37 children diagnosed with COVID‐19.ResultsThe median age was of the children was 10 years and 57.1% were male. In addition, 78.3% of the children had a history of contact with adult patients who had been diagnosed with COVID‐19, and 27.0% had coexisting medical conditions. We found that 40.5% of our patients had mild infection, while 32.4% had moderate infection, and 27.1% had developed severe or critical illness. The most common abnormal laboratory findings in our patients were decreased lymphocytes (45.9%) and increased D‐dimer values (43.2%), while abnormal radiological findings were detected in 56.7% of the children. In addition, 64.8% of the children had received azithromycin, 59.4% had received oseltamivir, and hydroxychloroquine was used in combination with azithromycin in 35.1% of the children. Non‐invasive mechanical ventilation was required in 27.0% of the children.ConclusionsAlthough COVID‐19 infection is usually mild in children, severe illness can be seen in children with comorbidities, or even in children who were previously healthy.
Program evaluation of a recuperative care pilot project
Authors: Lawson Lauren Valk , Bowie Bonnie , Neufeld Melanie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveA program evaluation to demonstrate the feasibility of a recuperative care pilot project to address the needs of unhoused individuals.DesignThe study is a descriptive postprogram evaluation.SampleA total of 73 referrals were made to the project with 23 admissions.MeasureData regarding number and type of referrals for admission, cost of respite care per guest and per day, hospital costs avoided, referrals to community services, and discharge destination were collected.InterventionA case management care model was used. The project staff included a public health nurse and an outreach worker.ResultsOne local hospital accounted for 65% of all admissions. Admitting diagnoses were abscess/wound care (44%) followed by postsurgery recovery (17%). Housing resources (65%) was a common referral with 22% of guests discharged to stable housing. Actual length of stay exceeded the planned length by an average of 24 days. Total cost per guest per day was $157.45 which is an estimated savings to referring acute care facilities of between $18,000 and $48,000 per day.ConclusionsThe project demonstrated an ability to provide unhoused individuals a place to recuperate following hospitalization in a cost‐effective manner. Challenges and recommendations of the program going forward were identified.
Contrasting response of two Lotus corniculatus L. accessions to combined waterlogging–saline stress
Authors: Antonelli C. J. , Calzadilla P. I. , Campestre M. P. , Escaray F. J. , Ruiz O. A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Waterlogging and salinity impair crop growth and productivity worldwide, with their combined effects being larger than the additive effects of the two stresses separately. Here, a common forage tetraploid Lotus corniculatus (cv. San Gabriel) and a diploid L. corniculatus accession, collected from a coastal area with high frequency of waterlogging–saline stress events, were evaluated for tolerance to waterlogging, salinity and these two stresses combined. We hypothesize that, due to its environmental niche, the diploid accession would show better adaptation to combined waterlogging–saline stress compared to the tetraploid L. corniculatus.

Plants were evaluated under control conditions, waterlogging, salinity and a combined waterlogging–saline treatment for 33 days. Shoot and root growth were assessed, together with chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange measurements. Results showed that salinity and waterlogging effects were more severe for the tetraploid accession, with a larger effect being observed under the combined stress condition.

Concentrations of Na+, Cl− and K+ were measured in apical and basal leaves, and in roots. A larger accumulation of Na+ and Cl− was observed under both saline and combined stress treatments for the tetraploid L. corniculatus, for which ion toxicity effects were evident.

The expression of CLC gene, coding for a Cl− transporter, was only increased in diploid L. corniculatus plants in response to the combined stress condition, suggesting that ion compartmentalization mechanisms were induced in this accession. Thus, this recently characterized L. corniculatus could be used for the introduction of new tolerance traits in other Lotus species used as forage.
Role of mitochondrial alternative oxidase in the regulation of cellular homeostasis during development of photosynthetic function in greening leaves
Authors: Garmash E. V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHere, recent publications on the role of mitochondrial non‐phosphorylating pathways (NPhPs) in the electron transport chain during the de‐etiolation of wheat leaves are reviewed. Among NPhPs, the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway is the most effective pathway in maintaining cellular redox and energy balance, especially under stress conditions, including light stress. AOX is considered to dissipate excess reductants produced in the chloroplasts, and thereby prevent photooxidation. However, when etiolated wheat plants were exposed to a physiologically relevant light level, AOX was rapidly induced and increased, although the etioplasts did not produce excess reductants and have their own strong photoprotective mechanisms. The present study provides further insights into the role of AOX in greening cells and highlights the importance of AOX in the integration of cellular signalling pathways.
Data‐Driven Inventory Control with Shifting Demand
Authors: Chen Boxiao 
Published: November 2020

We consider an inventory control problem with lost‐sales in a shifting demand environment. Over a planning horizon of T periods, demand distributions can change up to O( log T) times, but the firm does not know the demand distributions before or after each change, the time periods when changes occur, or the number of changes. Therefore, the firm needs to detect changes and learn the demand distributions only from historical sales data. We show that with censored demand, active exploration in the inventory space is needed for a reasonable detecting and learning algorithm. We provide a theoretical lower bound by partitioning all admissible policies into either exploration‐heavy or exploitation‐heavy, and for both categories we prove that the convergence rate cannot be better than [Formula: see text]. We then develop a nonparametric learning algorithm for this problem and prove that it achieves a convergence rate that (almost) matches the theoretical lower bound.
Molecular data from up to 130‐year‐old herbarium specimens do not support the presence of cherry powdery mildew in Australia
Authors: Smith Reannon L. , May Tom W. , Kaur Jatinder , Sawbridge Tim , Mann Ross , Edwards Jacky 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA strain of Podosphaera clandestina has been highlighted as a priority pest threat to the Australian cherry industry. Australia currently has no records of powdery mildew on cherry (Prunus avium). P. clandestina is reported to cause disease on a range of Rosaceae genera including Crataegus and Prunus; in Australia, P. clandestina has only been recorded on Crataegus. A recent species revision identified Podosphaera cerasi on P. avium as a separate species from P. clandestina. Therefore, a revision of which powdery mildew species is present in Australia on Crataegus is required to inform Australian plant biosecurity. Reference collection specimens from the Victorian Plant Pathology Herbarium (VPRI) recorded as Podosphaera spp. collected between 1889 to 2008 on cherry and three other host plant genera from Australia and overseas were sampled for DNA extraction and next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Sequence data from preserved specimens were successfully mapped to internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of P. clandestina in the strict sense, P. cerasi, and Podosphaera prunicola, and chloroplast matK sequences were used to identify plant hosts. Australian specimens on Crataegus hosts were P. clandestina in the strict sense and specimens on Prunus from the USA were identified as P. cerasi and P. prunicola. The outcome of this study confirmed the powdery mildew on Australian Crataegus specimens to be P. clandestina and none of the cherry powdery mildews (Podosphaera pruni‐avium, P. cerasi, or P. prunicola) are present on Australian specimens in the VPRI collection, which suggests they are not present in Australia.
The perspective of the incompatible of nucleus and mitochondria in interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer for endangered species
Authors: Mrowiec Patrycja , Bugno‐Poniewierska Monika , Młodawska Wiesława 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTaking into account the latest Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature in which 25% of all mammals are threatened with extinction, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) could be a beneficial tool and holds a lot of potential for aiding the conservation of endangered, exotic or even extinct animal species if somatic cells of such animals are available. In the case of shortage and sparse amount of wild animal oocytes, interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT), where the recipient ooplasm and donor nucleus are derived from different species, is the alternative SCNT technique. The successful application of iSCNT, resulting in the production of live offspring, was confirmed in several combination of closely related species. When nucleus donor cells and recipient oocytes have been used in many other combinations, very often with a very distant taxonomical relation iSCNT resulted only in the very early stages of cloned embryo development. Problems encountered during iSCNT related to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)/genomic DNA incompatibility, mtDNA heteroplasmy, embryonic genome activation of the donor nucleus by the recipient oocyte and availability of suitable foster mothers for iSCNT embryos. Implementing assisted reproductive technologies, including iSCNT, to conservation programmes also raises concerns that the production of genetically identical populations might cause problems with inbreeding. The article aims at presenting achievements, limitations and perspectives of iSCNT in maintaining animal biodiversity.
Surgical management of obstructive sleep apnoea: A position statement of the Australasian Sleep Association*
Authors: MacKay Stuart G. , Lewis Richard , McEvoy Doug , Joosten Simon , Holt Nicolette R. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTSurgery for adult obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) plays a key role in contemporary management paradigms, most frequently as either a second‐line treatment or in a facilitatory capacity. This committee, comprising two sleep surgeons and three sleep physicians, was established to give clarity to that role and expand upon its appropriate use in Australasia. This position statement has been reviewed and approved by the Australasian Sleep Association (ASA) Clinical Committee.
Monitoring Misinformation on Twitter During Crisis Events: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Hunt Kyle , Agarwal Puneet , Zhuang Jun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSocial media has been increasingly utilized to spread breaking news and risk communications during disasters of all magnitudes. Unfortunately, due to the unmoderated nature of social media platforms such as Twitter, rumors and misinformation are able to propagate widely. Given this, a surfeit of research has studied false rumor diffusion on Twitter, especially during natural disasters. Within this domain, studies have also focused on the misinformation control efforts from government organizations and other major agencies. A prodigious gap in research exists in studying the monitoring of misinformation on social media platforms in times of disasters and other crisis events. Such studies would offer organizations and agencies new tools and ideologies to monitor misinformation on platforms such as Twitter, and make informed decisions on whether or not to use their resources in order to debunk. In this work, we fill the research gap by developing a machine learning framework to predict the veracity of tweets that are spread during crisis events. The tweets are tracked based on the veracity of their content as either true, false, or neutral. We conduct four separate studies, and the results suggest that our framework is capable of tracking multiple cases of misinformation simultaneously, with scores exceeding 87%. In the case of tracking a single case of misinformation, our framework reaches an score of 83%. We collect and drive the algorithms with 15,952 misinformation‐related tweets from the Boston Marathon bombing (2013), Manchester Arena bombing (2017), Hurricane Harvey (2017), Hurricane Irma (2017), and the Hawaii ballistic missile false alert (2018). This article provides novel insights on how to efficiently monitor misinformation that is spread during disasters.
Gastrointestinal and renal complications in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected patients: Role of immune system
Authors: Maghool Fatemeh , Valiani Ali , Safari Tahereh , Emami Mohammad Hassan , Mohammadzadeh Samane 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) disease has been accompanied by various gastrointestinal (GI) and renal manifestations in significant portion of infected patients. Beside studies on the respiratory complications of coronavirus infection, understanding the essential immunological processes underlying the different clinical manifestations of virus infection is crucial for the identification and development of effective therapies. In addition to the respiratory tract, the digestive and urinary systems are the major sources of virus transmission. Thus, knowledge about the invasion mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 in these systems and the immune system responses is important for implementing the infection prevention strategies. This article presents an overview of the gut and renal complications in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We focus on how SARS‐CoV‐2 interacts with the immune system and the consequent contribution of immune system, gut, and renal dysfunctions in the development of disease.
Feature screening for case‐cohort studies with failure time outcome
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhou Haibo , Liu Yanyan , Cai Jianwen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCase‐cohort design has been demonstrated to be an economical and efficient approach in large cohort studies when the measurement of some covariates on all individuals is expensive. Various methods have been proposed for case‐cohort data when the dimension of covariates is smaller than sample size. However, limited work has been done for high‐dimensional case‐cohort data which are frequently collected in large epidemiological studies. In this paper, we propose a variable screening method for ultrahigh‐dimensional case‐cohort data under the framework of proportional model, which allows the covariate dimension increases with sample size at exponential rate. Our procedure enjoys the sure screening property and the ranking consistency under some mild regularity conditions. We further extend this method to an iterative version to handle the scenarios where some covariates are jointly important but are marginally unrelated or weakly correlated to the response. The finite sample performance of the proposed procedure is evaluated via both simulation studies and an application to a real data from the breast cancer study.
‘Just ask Eric’: On the Importance of Governance Efficacy, Territorial Ties and Heterogenous Networks for Rural Development
Authors: Jørgensen Anja , Fallov Mia Arp , Nielsen Rikke Skovgaard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTerritorial capital is more than economy, business and socioeconomic status of residents. It is also the way residents of localities form social networks and how these are intertwined with the local political, institutional and administrative configurations. Sampson (2011) argues that while social networks foster the conditions under which collective efficacy may flourish, they are not sufficient for the exercise of social cohesion and social control. Networks have to be activated to be meaningful. Interaction is embedded in local traditions and social order is produced locally. Analysing interviews from a rural location in Denmark, we examine how referential features of group life (spatial areas, relations, shared pasts) generate action. We develop the concept of ‘governance efficacy’ to denote the capacity to mobilise collective efficacy in relation to territorial development. We argue that such a concept is an important element in explaining why and how a peripheral location is able to manage social challenges despite population decline.
The 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence: Stress triggered by historical earthquakes and imparted stress on surrounding fault systems
Authors: Lei Dongning , Yang Gang , Lian Chao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe used various fault models to calculate the stress change on Ridgecrest epicentral locations and surrounding fault systems. In general, the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence was triggered by past historical earthquakes. The computed stress changes in both foreshock and mainshock epicentral locations have exceeded the stress trigger threshold, which suggests that past historical earthquakes play a key role in driving the Ridgecrest earthquake source structures closer to failure. We calculated the stress on surrounding faults imparted by the Ridgecrest mainshock and its combination with past earthquakes. The Garlock fault is generally stressed by the mainshock, with a maximum of 1.573 bar on central segment. However, our combined model yielded decreased stress on central Garlock fault. Furthermore, we calculated the expected seismicity rate on the Garlock fault and found that the central segment had a higher seismicity rate than the western and eastern segments.