bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O83 THE COMPREHENSIVE COMPLICATION INDEX FOR QUALITY MONITORING OF ESOPHAGOGASTRIC CANCER SURGERY SHORT TITLE: BENCHMARKING HOSPITALS WITH CCI
Authors: van der Werf L R , Marang-van de Mheen P J , van Berge Henegouwen M I , Wijnhoven B P L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Assessments of postoperative morbidity are crucial to monitor the quality of surgery. The Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI®) is a novel composite measure for the total burden of postoperative morbidity. This study aimed to calculate the CCI®◻for all hospitals participating in a nationwide audit and to compare the CCI® with existing quality indicators.

Method
For this nationwide observational study, data was retrieved from the Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit (DUCA). Patients with esophageogastric cancer who underwent an esophagectomy or gastrectomy between 2016 and 2018 were included. The main outcome was the median CCI® per hospital and the percentage of patients per hospital with (1) in the 75th percentile of CCI®, (2) with a complicated postoperative course (defined as any complication in combination with a hospital stay >21 days, reintervention or in-hospital/30-day mortality, and (3) with a Clavien Dindo Classification grade ≥III complication, all adjusted for differences in case-mix.

Results
In total, 2396 patients who underwent esophagectomy and 1373 patients who underwent gastrectomy were included. In the esophagectomy group, the median CCI® was 20.9 (interquartile range: 0.0-33.5) with at least one postoperative complication occurring in 1578 of 2396 patients (66%). In the gastrectomy group, the median CCI® was 0.0 (interquartile range: 0.0-20.9) and at least one postoperative complication occurring in 573 of 1373 patients (42%). The 75th percentile of CCI® outcome was strongly correlated with a complicated postoperative course on hospital level for both esophagectomies and gastrectomies but was not correlated with a Clavien Dindo Classification grade ≥III complication.

Conclusion
The CCI® can be applied in a national clinical audit to report outcomes. Hospital outcomes on the CCI® are strongly correlated with a complicated postoperative course.
Contribution of income and job strain to the association between education and cardiovascular disease in 1.6 million Danish employees
Authors: Framke Elisabeth , Sørensen Jeppe Karl , Andersen Per Kragh , Svane-Petersen Annemette Coop , Alexanderson Kristina , Bonde Jens Peter , Farrants Kristin , Flachs Esben Meulengracht , Hanson Linda L Magnusson , Nyberg Solja T , Villadsen Ebbe , Kivimäki Mika , Rugulies Reiner , Madsen Ida E H 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsWe examined the extent to which associations between education and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality are attributable to income and work stress.Methods and resultsWe included all employed Danish residents aged 30–59 years in 2000. Cardiovascular disease morbidity analyses included 1 638 270 individuals, free of cardiometabolic disease (CVD or diabetes). Mortality analyses included 41 944 individuals with cardiometabolic disease. We assessed education and income annually from population registers and work stress, defined as job strain, with a job-exposure matrix. Outcomes were ascertained until 2014 from health registers and risk was estimated using Cox regression. During 10 957 399 (men) and 10 776 516 person-years (women), we identified 51 585 and 24 075 incident CVD cases, respectively. For men with low education, risk of CVD was 1.62 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.58–1.66] before and 1.46 (95% CI 1.42–1.50) after adjustment for income and job strain (25% reduction). In women, estimates were 1.66 (95% CI 1.61–1.72) and 1.53 (95% CI 1.47–1.58) (21% reduction). Of individuals with cardiometabolic disease, 1736 men (362 234 person-years) and 341 women (179 402 person-years) died from CVD. Education predicted CVD mortality in both sexes. Estimates were reduced with 54% (men) and 33% (women) after adjustment for income and job strain.ConclusionLow education predicted incident CVD in initially healthy individuals and CVD mortality in individuals with prevalent cardiometabolic disease. In men with cardiometabolic disease, income and job strain explained half of the higher CVD mortality in the low education group. In healthy men and in women regardless of cardiometabolic disease, these factors explained 21–33% of the higher CVD morbidity and mortality.
Statistical Regularity of Apollonian Gaskets
Authors: Zhang Xin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Apollonian gaskets are formed by repeatedly filling the gaps between three mutually tangent circles with further tangent circles. In this paper we give explicit formulas for the limiting pair correlation and the limiting nearest neighbor spacing of centers of circles from a fixed Apollonian gasket. These are corollaries of the convergence of moments that we prove. The input from ergodic theory is an extension of Mohammadi–Oh’s theorem on the equidisribution of expanding horospheres in the frame fundles of infinite volume hyperbolic spaces.
Antimicrobial stewardship in South Africa: a scoping review of the published literature
Authors: Chetty Sarentha , Reddy Millidhashni , Ramsamy Yogandree , Naidoo Anushka , Essack Sabiha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo map published data of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions that are currently being carried out in hospitals and clinics in the public and private health sectors of South Africa in line with the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) strategy of South Africa.MethodsA systematic scoping review was conducted to identify AMS initiatives in the public and private health sectors of South Africa for the period 1 January 2000 to 31 March 2019. An electronic search of databases was made including PubMed, Scopus, a key medical journal (South African Medical Journal), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) WorldCat iCatalogue and AMR networks: Federation of Infectious Diseases Societies in South Africa (FIDSSA). Reference lists of published articles were also reviewed for inclusion. Keywords included ‘antimicrobial antibiotic stewardship South Africa’.FindingsOf a total of 411 articles, using a stepwise screening process, 18 articles were selected for inclusion in the review. The interventions/initiatives were divided into four broad categories: (i) AMS intervention: prescription audits and usage; (ii) AMS intervention: education and its impact; (iii) other AMS interventions; and (iv) the role of different healthcare professionals in AMS.ConclusionsThe data identifies a need for and the value of AMS in both the public and private health sectors of South Africa. Initiatives are carried out across both sectors but more attention needs to be focused on AMS implementation in line with the National AMR Strategy of South Africa. Collaboration between the different sectors will aid in overcoming the AMR challenge.
Abbreviated Breast MRI for Estimating Extent of Disease in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer
Authors: Lee-Felker Stephanie , Joines Melissa , Storer Lindsey , Li Bo , DeBruhl Nanette , Sayre James , Hoyt Anne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate extent of disease estimation of abbreviated protocol (ap) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared with full protocol (fp) MRI in newly diagnosed breast cancer.

Methods
In this institutional review board–approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–compliant, retrospective study of women with breast cancer who underwent pretreatment fpMRI on a 3 Tesla MRI in 2013, axial fat-saturated pre- and first postcontrast T1, maximum-intensity projection, and subtraction sequences were interpreted independently by three breast radiologists in two sessions, without and with prior imaging, respectively. Agreement was calculated using Cohen’s kappa. Interpretations were compared with histology or clinical stability. Diagnostic performances were compared using Bennett’s statistic. P &lt; 0.05 was significant.

Results
Eighty-one women (mean age 56 years, range 32–92 years), 116 lesions, and 95 cancers (mean size 27 mm, range 4–110 mm) were included. Agreement among radiologists for lesion assessment was excellent (0.83). apMRI cancer detection improved with prior imaging (mean sensitivity from 95% to 99%, specificity from 91% to 97%, positive predictive value [PPV] from 92% to 98%, and negative predictive value [NPV] from 95% to 99%) versus fpMRI (sensitivity 98% [93/95], specificity 94% [76/81], PPV 95% [93/98], and NPV 97% [76/78]). apMRI detected all multifocal, multicentric, and contralateral disease seen in 19% (15/81) of women to the same extent as fpMRI. apMRI axillary metastases detection improved with prior imaging (mean sensitivity from 78% to 86%, specificity from 90% to 92%, PPV from 76% to 82%, and NPV from 89% to 94%) versus fpMRI (sensitivity 71% [17/24], specificity 88% [51/58]), PPV 71% [17/24], and NPV 88% [51/58]).

Conclusion
apMRI may be acceptable for women with newly diagnosed cancer.
Multiplanet disc interactions in binary systems
Authors: Franchini Alessia , Martin Rebecca G , Lubow Stephen H 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We investigate the evolution of a multiplanet–disc system orbiting one component of a binary star system. The planet–disc system is initially coplanar but misaligned to the binary orbital plane. The planets are assumed to be giants that open gaps in the disc. We first study the role of the disc in shaping the mutual evolution of the two planets using a secular model for low initial tilt. In general, we find that the planets and the disc do not remain coplanar, in agreement with previous work on the single planet case. Instead, the planets and the disc undergo tilt oscillations. A high-mass disc between the two planets causes the planets and the disc to nodally precess at the same average rate but they are generally misaligned. The amplitude of the tilt oscillations between the planets is larger while the disc is present. We then consider higher initial tilts using hydrodynamical simulations and explore the possibility of the formation of eccentric Kozai–Lidov (KL) planets. We find that the inner planet’s orbit undergoes eccentricity growth for a large range of disc masses and initial misalignments. For a low disc mass and large initial misalignment, both planets and the disc can undergo KL oscillations. Furthermore, we find that sufficiently massive discs can cause the inner planet to increase its inclination beyond 90° and therefore to orbit the binary in a retrograde fashion. The results have important implications for the explanation of very eccentric planets and retrograde planets observed in multiplanet systems.
The PAU Survey: background light estimation with deep learning techniques
Authors: Cabayol-Garcia L , Eriksen M , Alarcón A , Amara A , Carretero J , Casas R , Castander F J , Fernández E , García-Bellido J , Gaztanaga E , Hoekstra H , Miquel R , Neissner C , Padilla C , Sánchez E , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Siudek M , Tallada P , Tortorelli L 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
In any imaging survey, measuring accurately the astronomical background light is crucial to obtain good photometry. This paper introduces BKGnet, a deep neural network to predict the background and its associated error. BKGnet has been developed for data from the Physics of the Accelerating Universe Survey (PAUS), an imaging survey using a 40 narrow-band filter camera (PAUCam). The images obtained with PAUCam are affected by scattered light: an optical effect consisting of light multiply reflected that deposits energy in specific detector regions affecting the science measurements. Fortunately, scattered light is not a random effect, but it can be predicted and corrected for. We have found that BKGnet background predictions are very robust to distorting effects, while still being statistically accurate. On average, the use of BKGnet improves the photometric flux measurements by $7{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and up to $20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at the bright end. BKGnet also removes a systematic trend in the background error estimation with magnitude in the i band that is present with the current PAU data management method. With BKGnet, we reduce the photometric redshift outlier rate by $35{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for the best $20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ galaxies selected with a photometric quality parameter.
First on-sky demonstration of an integrated-photonic nulling interferometer: the GLINT instrument
Authors: Norris Barnaby R M , Cvetojevic Nick , Lagadec Tiphaine , Jovanovic Nemanja , Gross Simon , Arriola Alexander , Gretzinger Thomas , Martinod Marc-Antoine , Guyon Olivier , Lozi Julien , Withford Michael J , Lawrence Jon S , Tuthill Peter 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The characterization of exoplanets is critical to understanding planet diversity and formation, their atmospheric composition, and the potential for life. This endeavour is greatly enhanced when light from the planet can be spatially separated from that of the host star. One potential method is nulling interferometry, where the contaminating starlight is removed via destructive interference. The GLINT instrument is a photonic nulling interferometer with novel capabilities that has now been demonstrated in on-sky testing. The instrument fragments the telescope pupil into sub-apertures that are injected into waveguides within a single-mode photonic chip. Here, all requisite beam splitting, routing, and recombination are performed using integrated photonic components. We describe the design, construction, and laboratory testing of our GLINT pathfinder instrument. We then demonstrate the efficacy of this method on sky at the Subaru Telescope, achieving a null-depth precision on sky of ∼10−4 and successfully determining the angular diameter of stars (via their null-depth measurements) to milliarcsecond accuracy. A statistical method for analysing such data is described, along with an outline of the next steps required to deploy this technique for cutting-edge science.
Optimizing galaxy samples for clustering measurements in photometric surveys
Authors: Tanoglidis Dimitrios , Chang Chihway , Frieman Joshua 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
When analysing galaxy clustering in multiband imaging surveys, there is a trade-off between selecting the largest galaxy samples (to minimize the shot noise) and selecting samples with the best photometric redshift (photo-z) precision, which generally includes only a small subset of galaxies. In this paper, we systematically explore this trade-off. Our analysis is targeted towards the third-year data of the Dark Energy Survey (DES), but our methods hold generally for other data sets. Using a simple Gaussian model for the redshift uncertainties, we carry out a Fisher matrix forecast for cosmological constraints from angular clustering in the redshift range z = 0.2–0.95. We quantify the cosmological constraints using a figure of merit (FoM) that measures the combined constraints on Ωm and σ8 in the context of Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology. We find that the trade-off between sample size and photo-z precision is sensitive to (1) whether cross-correlations between redshift bins are included or not, and (2) the ratio of the redshift bin width δz to the photo-z precision σz. When cross-correlations are included and the redshift bin width is allowed to vary, the highest FoM is achieved when δz ∼ σz. We find that for the typical case of 5−10 redshift bins, optimal results are reached when we use larger, less precise photo-z samples, provided that we include cross-correlations. For samples with higher σz, the overlap between redshift bins is larger, leading to higher cross-correlation amplitudes. This leads to the self-calibration of the photo-z parameters and therefore tighter cosmological constraints. These results can be used to help guide galaxy sample selection for clustering analysis in ongoing and future photometric surveys.
PDCT-18 (LTBK-03). PHASE I CLINICAL TRIAL WITH ONCOLYTIC VIRUS DNX-2401 FOR DIPGS
Authors: Iñigo-Marco Ignacio , Díez-Valle Ricardo , Garcia-Moure Marc , Patiño-García Ana , González Huarriz Marisol , Jones Chris , Gomez-Manzano Candelaria , Fueyo Juan , Alonso Marta M , Tejada Sonia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Delta-24-RGD (DNX-2401 in the clinic) has been tested for adult glioblastoma presenting a safe profile and promising efficacy. Our group has showed that the virus is safe and effective in preclinical models of pHGG and DIPG. Moreover, we showed that the virus is able to trigger an antitumor immune response. These results allowed us to propel a phase I clinical trial for newly diagnosed DIPGs (NCT03178032) where the patients received an intratumoral injection of DNX-2401 (N=12). Tumor biopsy is performed through the cerebellar peduncle, followed by virus injection using a cannula that prevents the reflux. The trial is uncontrolled, unicentric with a 3 + 3 design. The objective of this trial is to determine the safety, tolerability, and toxicity of DNX-2401 in subjects with DIPG. Secondary endpoints are overall survival at 12 months (OS12), percentage of responses and induced immune response against tumor. To date 9 patients have been treated within the trial. Three patients were treated with the D1=1x1010vp and because the lack of toxicity we escalated to the D2= 5x1010vp. The procedure was well tolerated and safe. Patients were home 3–4 days after the injection. All the patients displayed a reduced tumor volume after combined treatment. We performed molecular studies in 8 out of the 9 patients (RNAseq and a thermofisher pediatric panel). Subsequently we evaluated the immune cell composition in the tumor using multiplexed quantitative immunofluorescence on the biopsies pre-virus injection. T cells were hardly noticeable in these tumors while macrophages were abundant. Using a multiplexed TCR-sequencing mRNA-based assay to analyze 18 available paired pre- and post-treatment samples from the trial, we detected increased clonal T cell diversity following treatment with virus. In addition, we are assessing the existence of pre and post treatment neutralizing antibodies and its relationship with survival. Finally, we have performed functional studies using 2 cell lines isolated from patients included in this trials and confronting them with T-cells isolated from peripheral blood of the same patients before and after the treatment with the virus. Information acquired within this clinical study would aid to understand the response of DIPGs to viral therapies and therefore to better tailor this strategy to improve the survival of pediatric brain tumors.
After Nf1 loss in Schwann cells, inflammation drives neurofibroma formation
Authors: Fletcher Jonathan S , Pundavela Jay , Ratner Nancy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Plexiform neurofibromas (PNF) are peripheral nerve tumors caused by bi-allelic loss of NF1 in the Schwann cell (SC) lineage. PNF are common in individuals with Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) and can cause significant patient morbidity, spurring research into potential therapies. Immune cells are rare in peripheral nerve, whereas in PNF 30% of the cells are monocytes/macrophages. Mast cells, T cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) are also present. NF1 mutant neurofibroma SCs with elevated Ras-GTP signaling resemble injury-induced repair SCs, in producing growth factors and cytokines not normally present in SCs. This provides a cytokine-rich environment facilitating PNF immune cell recruitment and fibrosis. We propose a model based on genetic and pharmacologic evidence in which, after loss of Nf1 in the SC lineage, a lag occurs. Then, mast cells and macrophages are recruited to nerve. Later, T cell/DC recruitment through CXCL10/CXCR3 drives neurofibroma initiation and sustains PNF macrophages and tumor growth. Stat3 signaling is an additional critical mediator of neurofibroma initiation, cytokine production, and PNF growth. At each stage of PNF development therapeutic benefit should be achievable through pharmacologic modulation of leukocyte recruitment and function.
Thermal emission from the amorphous dust: An alternative possibility of the origin of the anomalous microwave emission
Authors: Nashimoto Masashi , Hattori Makoto , Génova-Santos Ricardo , Poidevin Frédérick 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Complete studies of the radiative processes of thermal emission from the amorphous dust from microwave through far-infrared wavebands are presented by taking into account, self-consistently for the first time, the standard two-level systems (TLS) model of amorphous materials. The observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for the Perseus molecular cloud (MC) and W 43 from microwave through far-infrared are fitted with the SEDs calculated with the TLS model of amorphous silicate. We have found that the model SEDs reproduce the observed properties of the anomalous microwave emission (AME) well. The present result suggests an alternative interpretation for the AME being carried by the resonance emission of the TLS of amorphous materials without introducing new species. Simultaneous fitting of the intensity and polarization SEDs for the Perseus MC and W 43 are also performed. The amorphous model reproduces the overall observed feature of the intensity and polarization SEDs of the Perseus MC and W 43. However, the model’s predicted polarization fraction of the AME is slightly higher than the QUIJOTE upper limits in several frequency bands. A possible improvement of our model to resolve this problem is proposed. Our model predicts that interstellar dust is amorphous materials with very different physical characteristics compared with terrestrial amorphous materials.
Confronting an Emergency: The Vaccination Campaign Against Meningitis in Brazil (1974–1975)
Authors: Baylac-Paouly Baptiste 
Published: November 2019

Summary
On the basis of a wide range of historical sources, including published scientific literature and both public and private archives (Institut Mérieux, WHO and IMTSSA), this article examines the history of the Brazilian vaccination campaign against cerebrospinal meningitis between 1974 and 1975. It explores not only certain aspects of vaccine production but also the wider social aspects of the ongoing project. Thus, it shows how the different actors were mobilised and their work coordinated in order to produce and vaccinate a whole country or more specifically, 90 million Brazilians in less than a year. This episode not only adds to the scholarship on the politics of vaccination but also attests to the complex reality of the production and use of a vaccine in the context of a public health emergency.
Estimating hotspots using a Gaussian mixture model from large-scale taxi GPS trace data
Authors: Tang Jin-jun , Hu Jin , Wang Yi-wei , Huang He-lai , Wang Yin-hai 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The data collected from taxi vehicles using the global positioning system (GPS) traces provides abundant temporal-spatial information, as well as information on the activity of drivers. Using taxi vehicles as mobile sensors in road networks to collect traffic information is an important emerging approach in efforts to relieve congestion. In this paper, we present a hybrid model for estimating driving paths using a density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm and a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). The first step in our approach is to extract the locations from pick-up and drop-off records (PDR) in taxi GPS equipment. Second, the locations are classified into different clusters using DBSCAN. Two parameters (density threshold and radius) are optimized using real trace data recorded from 1100 drivers. A GMM is also utilized to estimate a significant number of locations; the parameters of the GMM are optimized using an expectation-maximum (EM) likelihood algorithm. Finally, applications are used to test the effectiveness of the proposed model. In these applications, locations distributed in two regions (a residential district and a railway station) are clustered and estimated automatically.