bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 7, 8 –dihydroxyflavone functionalized gold nanoparticles and its mechanism of action against Leishmania donovani
Authors: Prasanna Pragya , Kumar Prakash , Mandal Saptarshi , Patyal Tanvi , Kumar Saurabh , Das Prolay , Ravichandiran V , mandal debabrata 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Abstract
Background – The synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using drugs, synthetic and natural compounds, proteins, nucleic acids have become beneficial due to improved biological activity coupled with reduced cytotoxicity. In this regard, green synthesis of GNPs using plant extract enriched with flavonoids has shown increased attention due to improved antimicrobial efficacy, greater solubility, and better bioavailability of the flavonoid conjugated with GNPs. We have used 7, 8 dihydroxyflavone (DHF), a flavonoid that is enriched in plants and known for neurotropic and antioxidant activities, for the synthesis of GNP. In this report, we have investigated synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of DHF synthesized GNP against parasite Leishmania donovani .
Results – Synthesized DHF functionalized GNPs (DHF-GNPs) are ~35 nm in size with zeta potential values of -34.1 mV, as observed from DLS studies. UV-Visible spectroscopy and FT-IR analysis confirms successful conjugation of DHF over GNP. TEM imaging shows uniform size and spherical distribution of NPs. Against L. donovani promastigotes IC 50 for DHF and DHF-GNP is ~140 µM and ~40 µM respectively. In ex vivo amastigote model, IC 50 for DHF and DHF-GNP is ~40 µM and ~22 µM respectively. Even with 1000 µM of DHF-GNP, cytotoxicity is only ~30% on THP1 cells indicating its high biocompatibility. In DHF-GNP treated parasites, activity of arginase decreases in a dose-dependent manner as evident from gene expression and enzyme-based studies. Supplementation of treated cells with ornithine, metabolite of arginase, shows the highest recovery from death. This indicates inhibition of arginase as the main reason for parasite death. Induction of IFN-γ and reduction IL-12 cytokine response shows a possible T h 1/T h 2-mediated cell death. Also, DHF and DHF-GNP are equally effective against sensitive and drug-resistant strains of L. donovani .
Conclusion – Low cytotoxicity and high biological activity may provide an alternative but improved delivery of DHF whose solubility increases due to conjugation with GNP. Further efficacy against drug-resistant strains could be beneficial instead of conventional chemotherapy for leishmaniasis.

Keywords : Functionalized gold nanoparticle, DHF, DHF-GNP, arginase inhibition, drug-resistant
Parasite, iNOS activation
Patient and Service-Level Factors Affecting Length of Inpatient Stay in an Acute Mental Health Service: A Retrospective Case Cohort Study
Authors: Crossley Neil Edward , Sweeney Brian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The NHS Mental Health Implementation Plan aims to reduce length of inpatient psychiatric stays to a maximum of 32 days, yet provides little guidance on how to achieve this. Previous studies have attempted to analyse factors influencing length of stay in mental health units, focussing mostly on patient factors. These models fail to sufficiently explain the variation in duration of inpatient stay. We assess how the type of service delivered by a trust, in addition to patient factors, influences length of stay.Methods: We conducted a retrospective case cohort study in a large inner-city NHS mental health trust for all admissions in a one month period. Data was gathered from electronic notes of 105 patients. Descriptive univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted on the data, with multiple regression analysis conducted on statistically significant data. Results: Short-stay assessment ward admission significantly reduced length of stay. Patients under outpatients or under care co-ordination, admitted through Mental Health Act assessment and formally detained all had longer length of stay. Out of area admissions, locum Consultant care, changing Responsible Clinician and ward transfers all led to longer length of stay. Factors indicating more severe illness such as increased observation level and polypharmacy, as well as diagnoses of psychosis or bipolar disorder were associated with longer duration of stay. Discharges requiring referral to accommodation or rehabilitation led to longer stays. The most significant factors that influenced length of stay were higher observation levels, diagnosis of psychotic illness or bipolar, and discharge to rehabilitation placement. The final model, taking into account all these factors, was able to account for 59.6% of the variability in length of stay.Conclusions: The study backs up existing literature which shows patient-factors have an influence on length of stay. The study also demonstrates that service-level factors have an impact on the duration of stay. This data may be used to inform further studies which may aid provision of inpatient and community services in the future.
Construction, validity and reliability of a global scale of perceived stressful events for adolescents
Authors: Barcelata Eguiarte Blanca Estela , Gutiérrez Arenas Vianey , Ruvalcaba Romero Norma Alicia 
Published: August 2020

Adolescence is a vulnerable developmental stage, in which the adolescents’ life experiences can be an important source of stress influencing their well-being and mental health, however, it depends on their subjective appraisal. The Perceived Stressors Global Scale for Adolescents was developed a valid and reliable measure to identify major and minor potentially stressful events, in multiple domains, as well as, the level of stress perceived, in adolescents. An instrumental study was conducted participating 991 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years old, attending public schools from five states of Mexico. A factor analysis by principal component (PC) with promax rotation method was performed, which revealed 53 Likert items distributed in six factors: Critical events; Daily hassles; Social exhibition; Family concerns; Academic stressors; and Social pressure. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted using maximum likelihood (ML) method corroborating the initial solution of six factors. The model's goodness-of-fit measures are acceptable, as well as, the internal consistency coefficients. Although data indicate that the scale could be useful for identifying domains and types of stressors, as well as, the intensity of adolescent's perceived stress, it is recommended to test this factorial model in other samples.
Keywords: Adolescents; perceived stress; validity; reliability; confirmatory
Prevalence of Asymptomatic Cryptococcal Antigenemia and Association with Follow-up Risk of Cryptococcal Meningitis and Mortality among HIV Infected Patients in North West India: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bhati Rajendra , Pramendra Sirohi , Sejoo Bharat , Kumar Deepak , Bohra Gopal K. , Meena Durga S. , Verma Diwakar , Midha Naresh K. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
Cryptococcal meningitis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in
HIV infected individuals. In the era of universal antiretroviral therapy, the incidence of immune reconstitution
inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) related cryptococcal meningitis has increased. Detection
of serum cryptococcal antigen in asymptomatic PLHIV (People Living With HIV) and preemptive
treatment with fluconazole can decrease the burden of cryptococcal disease. We conducted
this study to find the prevalence of asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia in India and its correlation
with mortality in PLHIV.

Method and material:
This was a prospective observational study. HIV infected ART naïve patients
with age of ≥ 18 years who had CD4 counts ≤ 100 /μL were included and serum cryptococcal
antigen test was done. These patients were followed for six months to look for the development
of Cryptococcal meningitis and mortality.

Results:
A total of 116 patients were analyzed. Asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia was detected
in 5.17% of patients and is correlated with increased risk of cryptococcal meningitis and mortality
on follow-up in PLHIV.

Conclusion:
Serum cryptococcal antigen positivity is correlated with an increased risk of Cryptococcal
meningitis and mortality in PLHIV. We recommend the screening of asymptomatic PLHIV
with CD4 ≤ 100/μL for serum cryptococcal antigen, so that pre-emptive treatment can be initiated
to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Vitamin D Assessment Over 48 Weeks in Treatment-Naive HIV Individuals Starting Lopinavir/Ritonavir Monotherapy
Authors: Crutchley Rustin D. , Jacobs David M. , Gathe Joseph , Mayberry Carl , Bulayeva Nataliya , Rosenblatt Kevin P. , Garey Kevin W. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Vitamin D deficiency is common in HIV population and has been associated
with increased comorbidity risk and poor immunologic status.

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of protease inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy on changes
in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] over 48 weeks.

Methods:
Thirty-four treatment-naïve HIV individuals initiating lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy
and receiving clinical care from private practice in Houston, Texas, were included. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin
D levels from stored plasma samples collected from IMANI-2 pilot study at both
baseline and 48 weeks were analyzed using LC-MS assays. Mean 25(OH)D at baseline and 48
weeks were compared using paired t-tests. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate factors
associated with changes in 25(OH)D. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the effect
of vitamin D status and covariates on CD4 cell count recovery.

Results:
Mean 25(OH)D was significantly higher at 48 weeks (26.3 ng/mL (SD + 14.9); p=0.0003)
compared to baseline (19.8 ng/mL (SD +12.1), with fewer individuals having vitamin D deficiency
(41.2%) and severe deficiency (11.8%). Both body mass index and baseline CD4 cell count were
significant independent covariates associated with 25(OH)D changes over 48 weeks. Baseline vitamin
D status did not affect CD4 cell count recovery. However, in a 24-week multivariate analysis,
current tobacco use was significantly associated with a decreased odds of CD4 cell count recovery
(AOR 0.106, 95% CI 0.018-0.606; p=0.012).

Conclusion:
Individuals treated with lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy had significantly higher
25(OH)D after 48 weeks. Current tobacco users had significantly diminished CD4 cell count recovery
after starting treatment, warranting further clinical investigation.
Antihyperglycemic Activity and Safety Assessment of the Aqueous Extract of Aerial Parts of Scorzonera undulata ssp deliciosa in Rat
Authors: Ajebli Mohammed , Amssayef Ayoub , Eddouks Mohamed 
Published: August 2020

Aims:The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of Scorzonera undulata.Background:Scorzonera undulata ssp deliciosa, locally known as “Guiz”, is used as a phytomedicine in Morocco and Algeria to treat different health problems. Interestingly, it is used in the Moroccan pharmacopeia to treat diabetes. To our knowledge, this medicinal herb has never been investigated for any pharmacological activity.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of the aqueous extract of the aerial part of Scorzonera undulata (SUAP) in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats and to assess the acute toxicity of this extract in Wistar rats.Methods:This study investigated the effects of SUAP at a dose of 20 mg/kg on blood glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The acute toxicity of SUAP was examined according to the OECD test guideline; rats were divided into four groups of each sex and orally received the SUAP (1000, 2000, or 3000 mg/kg BW). Post-treatment, body weight, signs of toxicity, and/or mortality were observed during 14 days. Other assays such as histopathological examination, preliminary phytochemical investigation, determination of glycogen content and evaluation of α-amylase were performed according to standard protocols.Results:The findings of the current study depicted that both single and repeated oral administration of SUAP (20 mg/kg) generated a significant fall in the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. A single oral administration of SUAP (at the highest dose of 3000 mg/kg BW) had no significant acute toxicological effects, and oral LD50 of SUAP was greater than 3000 mg/kg. Furthermore, repeated oral administration of SUAP during 15 days led to an increase in the liver glycogen content in diabetic rats to improve the histopathological structure of the liver and pancreas in SUAPtreated diabetic rats and to ameliorate some biochemical parameters such as ALT and creatinine. SUAP had no effect on α-amylase activity. In addition, the preliminary phytochemical investigation showed the richness of the roots of SUAP in some phytochemicals, particularly the polyphenols.Conclusion:The present study demonstrates the antihyperglycemic effect of Scorzonera undulata in diabetic rats which could be involved through the improvement of liver structure and function. In addition, the dose used is not toxic. Finally, the extract contains large amounts of bioactive compounds, mainly polyphenols.
Is PBFD Simptomatology Species Specific Rather then Strain Specific? – A Case of 8 Lovebirds
Authors: Vučićević Miloš , Vučićević Ivana , Došenović Milan , Ristanić Marko , Aleksić Nevenka , Resanović Radmila , Stanimirović Zoran 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Eight lovebirds of both sexes and different age were admitted showing alterations in behaviour and apathy. During the initial examination delamination of the beak was noted in all birds and discrete areas of alopecia in three of eight birds. Based on clinical experience, molecular diagnostic on PBFD, sequencing of obtained amplicons, and histopathological examination were performed. All birds tested positive on the presence of PBFD virus, despite the fact they did not exhibit expected clinical signs for PBFD. Sequencing results showed 100% match with sequences previously isolated from parrots with PBFD exhibiting classical PBFD manifestation. Histopathological examination showed similar findings as in previously described cases of PBFD in parrots. Other studies on psittacine birds correlate clinical manifestations and nucleotide variations with geographic localization. Our results indicate that the clinical manifestation of the disease is more dependent on bird species than on the genetic variation of the virus or the geographical distribution.
Some new inequalities for convex functions via Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals
Authors: Gürbüz Mustafa , Yıldız Çetin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Fractional analysis has evolved considerably over the last decades and has become popular in many technical and scientific fields. Many integral operators which ables us to integrate from fractional orders has been generated. Each of them provides different properties such as semigroup property, singularity problems etc. In this paper, firstly, we obtained a new kernel, then some new integral inequalities which are valid for integrals of fractional orders by using Riemann-Liouville fractional integral. To do this, we used some well-known inequalities such as Hölder's inequality or power mean inequality. Our results generalize some inequalities exist in the literature.
The use of Gage R&R in suitability analysis of a CMM used at FAMOT Pleszew
Authors: Michalski R. , Wieczorowski M. , Gapiński B. , Glazowski P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The subject of the article is the suitability analysis of a measuring system, specifically the Zeiss MMZ T 20 30 16 coordinate-measuring machine utilizing an extended procedure.
The article outlines the measurement preparation process and presents the research station as well as the procedure for determining Repeatability & Reproducibility (R&R).
Parametric study of friction stir welding using elastic return
Authors: Serier Mohamed , Berrahou Mohamed , Chikh Amina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aluminum alloy is a very useful material in light manufacturing. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state assembly process that is achievable for this material. This work aims to characterize the quality of the weld joint by an operation of shaping (folding), it aims to study the rate of elastic return in this weld joint after a folding operation. In this context, the elastic return for the folding process has been modeled using experimental tests under optimal welding conditions.
Wild Rosa L. and Crataegus L. taxa of the Middle Noteć River Valley (NW Poland)
Authors: Sołtys-Lelek Anna , Gruszka Wojciech 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a study on the distribution of hawthorns and wild roses of the Middle Noteć River Valley region in north-west (NW) Poland. The main purpose of the study was to provide a full list of wild Crataegus and Rosa taxa growing in the examined area. Field studies (2016-2017) and formerly published data, made it possible to recognize 10 taxa (including one rose hybrid within the rank of species). Four new taxa were found in the explored area during studies. These were: Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand., C. ×macrocarpa Hegetschw., C. ×subsphaericea Gand. and Rosa ×subcanina (H. Christ) Vuk.
Tests on the Mechanical Properties of Polymers in the Aspect of an Attempt to Determine the Parameters of the Mooney-Rivlin Hyperelastic Model
Authors: Śliwa-Wieczorek Klaudia , Zając Bogusław , Kozik Tomasz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article presents testing of the mechanical properties of SIKA® polymer adhesives of the type PBM, PMM, PM, and PSM in the aspect of an attempt to determine the parameters of the Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic model. The article contains a literature review on developed models for hyperelastic materials as well as a description of the author’s own results obtained in monaxial tensile and monaxial compression tests conducted on oars and cylindrical samples, respectively. Furthermore, the results of modeling of Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic model parameters are shown in relation to the value of average parameters for polymers after both a week and a month-and-a-half of ripening.
Numerical Simulations of Ductile Fracture in Steel Angle Tension Members Connected with Bolts
Authors: Bernatowska Edyta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to verify and present methodology for ultimate tensile resistance prediction in steel angle tension members connected to gusset plates with one row of bolts. After a description of the experimental investigations, the next step was to build numerical models. The subjects of the experiments consisted of single plate specimens with drilled holes and angles connected to gusset plates with 1, 2, 3, or 4 bolts. Close attention was given to choosing the appropriate material model, which takes into account the influence of microstructural damage and the process of ductile fracture initiation and propagation. The porous Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman material model was analysed and the paper focuses on hierarchical validation of numerical models of steel angle bolted connections, which will then be used for parametric studies.
Expression of Glued Laminated Timber in Long Spans Structures Associated with its Natural Origin
Authors: Maciejko Alicja 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article presents an analysis of the possibilities of shaping long - span structures using the expressive force of glued laminated timber related to its natural origin. Changes that arose in the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century under the influence of new technological possibilities in the field of woodworking, as well as radical changes in the doctrine of environmental protection, also changed the position of timber as an innovative construction material. Recent developments are considered groundbreaking. Timber is used both in large span structures as well as for the construction of multi-storey buildings, which opens the door for shaping new architectural forms. The principles of girder modelling and features related to timber symbolism were presented.
Digital Analysis of Geo-Referenced Concrete Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Images
Authors: Ahamad Mohd Sanusi S. , Maizul Elly Nur Myaisara 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The microstructural evaluation of complex cementitious materials has been made possible by the microscopic imaging tools such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Microanalysis. Particularly, the application of concrete SEM imaging and digital image analysis have become common in the analysis and mapping of concrete technology. In this study, six samples of two-dimensional (2D) SEM images were spatially resampled to produce Geo-referenced SEM sample images. Subsequently, they were analyzed and the intensity histogram plot was produced to facilitate visual interpretation. The consecutive digital image analysis performed was the enhancement and noise removal process using two filtering methods i.e. median and adaptive box filter. The filtered resampled images, then undergone the unsupervised K-Means classification process to collectively separate each individual pixel corresponds to the spectral data. By spatial segmentation of K-Means algorithms, the cluster groups generated were carefully reviewed before proceeding to the final analysis. From the resulting data, the mapping of the spatial distribution of k-cluster and the quantification of micro-cracks (voids) were performed. The results of the SEM images (1st - 4th sample) showed a higher percentage of k-cluster data indicating a good correlation with the major elemental composition of EDX analysis, namely Oxide (O), Silicon (Si) and Carbon (C). Meanwhile, the subjective visual assessment of the image (5th and 6th sample) has confirmed the micro-crack developments on the concrete SEM images upon which the crack density was 3.02 % and 1.30 %, respectively.
The Problem of Moisture Content in Historical Buildings Based on a Classicist Tenement House at 14A, Śląska Street in Gubin
Authors: Michalak Bartosz , Graczyk Oliwia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Diagnostics and mitigation of excessive moisture effects are some of the most frequent problems in historical buildings. In this article, an attempt was made to measure the moisture content of construction elements in the historical tenement house in Gubin. It is the largest town in the Krosno Poviat, in the area of the Lubuskie Voivodeship. The town suffered from military actions during World War II whereby approximately 90% of its urban development was destroyed. The tenement house at 14A, Śląska Street is one of the more well-preserved buildings, made in the classicist style with characteristic historical features. The whole history of the building is unknown but there are freemasonry symbols on the elevation, and probably the Military Police had its headquarters there after 1945.