bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predominant Stroma-Rich Feature in Hyaline Vascular Variant of Castleman Disease Is Associated With Paraneoplastic Pemphigus
Authors: Wang Leyi , Nong Lin , Li Furong , Wang Xue , Wang Rui , Chen Xixue , Tu Ping , Dong Yujun , Li Ting , Zhu Xuejun , Wang Mingyue 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to describe the clinical and histopathologic features of Castleman disease (CD), particularly emphasizing its associations with paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) and prognosis.

Methods
We retrospectively enrolled 123 CD patients at our center. Clinical, pathologic, and laboratory data were reviewed.

Results
Fifty percent of the patients had PNP. Compared with those without PNP, patients with PNP-associated CD had more hyaline vascular (HV) variants (83.9% vs 57.4%), fewer mixed cellular variants (16.1% vs 24.6%), and no plasmacytic variants (0% vs 18.0%). Thirty-eight of 87 patients with the HV variant of CD (HV-CD) had stroma-rich (SR) features, and the incidence rate was higher in those with PNP-associated CD than in those without PNP (48.4% vs 13.1%, P &lt; .001). The SR variant was associated with higher PNP-associated IgG titers than SR absence before surgery (median 1:160 vs 1:80, P = .019) or after surgery (median 1:160 vs 1:40, P = .013). The SR variant was also an unfavorable prognostic factor for CD survival in univariate analysis. The 3-year survival rates were 47.5% among those with PNP and 87.7% among those without PNP (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
PNP is associated with specific subtypes of CD and affects survival. The SR variant of HV-CD positively correlates with the incidence of PNP.
The Contribution of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage to Depressive Symptoms Over the Course of Adult Life: A 32-Year Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Elovainio Marko , Vahtera Jussi , Pentti Jaana , Hakulinen Christian , Pulkki-Råback Laura , Lipsanen Jari , Virtanen Marianna , Keltikangas-Järvinen Liisa , Kivimäki Mika , Kähönen Mika , Viikari Jorma , Lehtimäki Terho , Raitakari Olli 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The association between socioeconomic disadvantage and increased risk of depressive symptoms in adulthood is well established. We tested 1) the contribution of early exposure to neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage to later depressive symptoms throughout life, 2) the persistence of the potential association between early exposure and depressive symptoms, and 3) the contributions of other known risk factors to the association. Data were collected from the Young Finns Study, a prospective, population-based 32-year follow-up study that included participants aged 3–18 years at baseline in 1980. Participants were followed up with repeated measurements of depressive symptoms between 1992 and 2012 (n = 2,788) and linked to national grid data on neighborhood disadvantage via residential addresses. We examined the associations in mixed models separately for the 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year follow-ups. Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood during childhood and adolescence was associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms in adulthood during all follow-up periods (β = 0.07, P = 0.001) than living in a nondisadvantaged area. Individual adulthood socioeconomic status mediated the associations. These findings suggest that living in a socioeconomically disadvantaged area during childhood and adolescence has a long-lasting negative association with mental health irrespective of family-related risks, partially due to socioeconomic adversity later in life.
Strandedness during cDNA synthesis, the stranded parameter in htseq-count and analysis of RNA-Seq data
Authors: Srinivasan Krishna A , Virdee Suman K , McArthur Andrew G 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a complicated protocol, both in the laboratory in generation of data and at the computer in analysis of results. Several decisions during RNA-Seq library construction have important implications for analysis, most notably strandedness during complementary DNA library construction. Here, we clarify bioinformatic decisions related to strandedness in both alignment of DNA sequencing reads to reference genomes and subsequent determination of transcript abundance.
ScaffoldGraph: an open-source library for the generation and analysis of molecular scaffold networks and scaffold trees
Authors: Scott Oliver B , Edith Chan A W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Summary
ScaffoldGraph (SG) is an open-source Python library and command-line tool for the generation and analysis of molecular scaffold networks and trees, with the capability of processing large sets of input molecules. With the increase in high-throughput screening data, scaffold graphs have proven useful for the navigation and analysis of chemical space, being used for visualization, clustering, scaffold-diversity analysis and active-series identification. Built on RDKit and NetworkX, SG integrates scaffold graph analysis into the growing scientific/cheminformatics Python stack, increasing the flexibility and extendibility of the tool compared to existing software.

Availability and implementation
SG is freely available and released under the MIT licence at https://github.com/UCLCheminformatics/ScaffoldGraph.
Extended stochastic gradient Markov chain Monte Carlo for large-scale Bayesian variable selection
Authors: Song Qifan , Sun Yan , Ye Mao , Liang Faming 
Published: March 2020

Summary
Stochastic gradient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms have received much attention in Bayesian computing for big data problems, but they are only applicable to a small class of problems for which the parameter space has a fixed dimension and the log-posterior density is differentiable with respect to the parameters. This paper proposes an extended stochastic gradient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm which, by introducing appropriate latent variables, can be applied to more general large-scale Bayesian computing problems, such as those involving dimension jumping and missing data. Numerical studies show that the proposed algorithm is highly scalable and much more efficient than traditional Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms.
Killing the Behavioral Zombie: Genes, Evolution, and Why Behavior Isn’t Special
Authors: Zuk Marlene , Spencer Hamish G 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe nature–nurture controversy seems to be a scientific zombie, an idea that will not die despite ample evidence that it is inaccurate and even damaging to our ideas about how characteristics evolve. The dilemma is particularly clear with regard to behavioral traits, such as intelligence or sexual orientation, where thinking that genes or the environment predominate can lead to flawed conclusions. We argue that, first, behavior is not special in its evolution but evolves in the same manner as other traits. Second, no trait, whether behavioral or otherwise, is caused by either genes or the environment or even by an additive combination of the two; the interaction is the important feature. Third, genes do not and cannot code for behavior or any other characteristic.
Of Experts and Tokens: Mapping a Critical Race Archaeology of Communication
Authors: Mukherjee Roopali 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA disgraceful white boys' club persists within the field of Communication. Engaging key institutional structures and epistemic formations through which the field remains so white, this article considers the mechanisms by which critical race and gender scholars are positioned as eternally foreign, always just arriving, to the field of communication. Addressing the implications of these “epistemologies of ignorance” on the development of the discipline, this article outlines an intellectual and institutional archeology of Communication to reveal, instead, a field marked and shaped, from the start, by ethno-racial encounter. Communication, I suggest, remains so white because its experts and leaders continue to ignore its own institutional DNA, deliberately not knowing profoundly raced elements of its own intellectual history.
Transient Arousal Modulations Contribute to Resting-State Functional Connectivity Changes Associated with Head Motion Parameters
Authors: Gu Yameng , Han Feng , Sainburg Lucas E , Liu Xiao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Correlations of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) signals are being widely used for assessing the functional brain connectivity in health and disease. However, an association was recently observed between rsfMRI connectivity modulations and the head motion parameters and regarded as a causal relationship, which has raised serious concerns about the validity of many rsfMRI findings. Here, we studied the origin of this rsfMRI-motion association and its relationship to arousal modulations. By using a template-matching method to locate arousal-related fMRI changes, we showed that the effects of high motion time points on rsfMRI connectivity are largely due to their significant overlap with arousal-affected time points. The finding suggests that the association between rsfMRI connectivity and the head motion parameters arises from their comodulations at transient arousal modulations, and this information is critical not only for proper interpretation of motion-associated rsfMRI connectivity changes, but also for controlling the potential confounding effects of arousal modulation on rsfMRI metrics.
National Healthcare Safety Network Standardized Antimicrobial Administration Ratios (SAARs): A Progress Report and Risk Modeling Update Using 2017 Data
Authors: O’Leary Erin N , Edwards Jonathan R , Srinivasan Arjun , Neuhauser Melinda M , Webb Amy K , Soe Minn M , Hicks Lauri A , Wise Wendy , Wu Hsiu , Pollock Daniel A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The Standardized Antimicrobial Administration Ratio (SAAR) is a risk-adjusted metric of antimicrobial use (AU) developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2015 as a tool for hospital antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) to track and compare AU with a national benchmark. In 2018, CDC updated the SAAR by expanding the locations and antimicrobial categories for which SAARs can be calculated and by modeling adult and pediatric locations separately.

Methods
We identified eligible patient-care locations and defined SAAR antimicrobial categories. Predictive models were developed for eligible adult and pediatric patient-care locations using negative binomial regression applied to nationally aggregated AU data from locations reporting ≥9 months of 2017 data to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN).

Results
2017 Baseline SAAR models were developed for 7 adult and 8 pediatric SAAR antimicrobial categories using data reported from 2156 adult and 170 pediatric locations across 457 hospitals. The inclusion of step-down units and general hematology-oncology units in adult 2017 baseline SAAR models and the addition of SAARs for narrow-spectrum B-lactam agents, antifungals predominantly used for invasive candidiasis, antibacterial agents posing the highest risk for Clostridioides difficile infection, and azithromycin (pediatrics only) expand the role SAARs can play in ASP efforts. Final risk-adjusted models are used to calculate predicted antimicrobial days, the denominator of the SAAR, for 40 SAAR types displayed in NHSN.

Conclusions
SAARs can be used as a metric to prompt investigation into potential overuse or underuse of antimicrobials and to evaluate the effectiveness of ASP interventions.
Lefamulin: A Novel Semisynthetic Pleuromutilin Antibiotic for Community-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
Authors: Watkins Richard R , File Thomas M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance, including in pathogens that cause CABP, continues to spread at an alarming rate. Because of these factors, the development of new antibiotic classes is urgently needed. Lefamulin, previously known as BC-3781, is a semisynthetic pleuromutilin antibiotic that was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of CABP in adults. Available in both oral and intravenous formulations, lefamulin has potent in vitro activity against both typical and atypical CABP pathogens. The first pleuromutilin to be used systemically in humans, lefamulin has a unique mechanism of action that inhibits protein synthesis by preventing the binding of tRNA for peptide transfer. This review summarizes the available data on lefamulin, including recent evidence from 2 phase III clinical trials (LEAP 1 and LEAP 2), and discusses its potential role in the treatment of CABP.
Rule-Making, Rule-Taking or Rule-Rejecting under the Belt and Road Initiative: A Central Asian Perspective
Authors: Nurgozhayeva Roza 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Since the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was announced in 2013, China’s expanding economic, geopolitical, and business presence demonstrates its eagerness to play a more significant role in the systems of international governance and law. The BRI’s scale and influence have captured immense attention among politicians, policymakers, experts, and academics. They offer numerous interpretations of the BRI’s global and regional impact. If China claims to be a stakeholder in the international system, what are the implications for the legal systems of the BRI countries and their governance systems? To what extent does the BRI lead to the expansion of China’s institutions and legal norms? How can the BRI countries ensure that their interests in BRI projects are adequately protected? This article analyses the Central Asian perspective on the BRI. Central Asia and Kazakhstan, in particular, have strategic relevance to the BRI. Remarkably, the BRI was launched during the visit of President Xi Jinping to Kazakhstan, which means that Kazakhstan plays a critical transit role as China’s pivot to Europe. Although the BRI is an ambitious global strategy, it has provoked much criticism, especially in liberal countries. Despite China’s efforts to promote the BRI as a win–win endeavour, China’s increased economic and political influence has already led to heightened scrutiny of its role in shaping ideology, economic development, and the legal and institutional landscapes. While many academic publications address different perspectives of the BRI, the context behind BRI projects requires further attention. This article contributes to the literature by studying BRI projects in Kazakhstan and their legal framework and governance.
The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Chen Liang , Li Xiangjie , Chen Mingquan , Feng Yi , Xiong Chenglong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A new type of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks recently in China and spreads into many other countries. This disease, named as COVID-19, is similar to patients infected by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and nearly 20% of patients developed severe condition. Cardiac injury is a prevalent complication of severe patients, exacerbating the disease severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the key host cellular receptor of SARS-CoV-2, has been identified in multiple organs, but its cellular distribution in human heart is not illuminated clearly. This study performed the first state-of-art single cell atlas of adult human heart, and revealed that pericytes with high expression of ACE2 might act as the target cardiac cell of SARS-CoV-2. The pericytes injury due to virus infection may result in capillary endothelial cells dysfunction, inducing microvascular dysfunction. And patients with basic heart failure disease showed increased ACE2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels, meaning that if infected by the virus these patients may have higher risk of heart attack and critically ill condition. The finding of this study explains the high rate of severe cases among COVID-19 patients with basic cardiovascular disease; and these results also perhaps provide important reference to clinical treatment of cardiac injury among severe patients infected by SARS-CoV-2.
Urban invaders are not bold risk-takers: a study of 3 invasive lizards in Southern California
Authors: Putman Breanna J , Pauly Gregory B , Blumstein Daniel T 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBiological invasions threaten biodiversity worldwide, and therefore, understanding the traits of successful invaders could mitigate their spread. Many commonly invasive species do well in disturbed habitats, such as urban environments, and their abilities to effectively respond to disturbances could contribute to their invasiveness. Yet, there are noninvasive species that also do well in disturbed habitats. The question remains whether urban invaders behave differently in urban environments than noninvaders, which could suggest an “urban-exploiting” phenotype. In Southern California, the co-occurrence of invasive Italian wall lizards Podarcis siculus, brown anoles Anolis sagrei, and green anoles A. carolinensis, and native western fence lizards Sceloporus occidentalis offers an opportunity to test whether invasives exhibit consistent differences in risk-taking within human-altered habitats compared with a native species. We predicted that invasive lizards would exhibit more bold behavior by having shorter flight-initiation distances (FIDs) and by being found farther from a refuge (behaviors that would presumably maximize foraging in low-risk environments). Invasive populations had similar or longer FIDs, but were consistently found at distances closer to a refuge. Collectively, invasive lizards in urban habitats were not bolder than a native species. Reliance on nearby refuges might help species successfully invade urban habitats, and if a general pattern, may pose an added challenge in detecting or eliminating them.
Detailed Characterization of Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Feeding Behavior on Different Host Plants
Authors: Souza M F , Davis J A 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWorldwide, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner is reported on several plants in the family Poaceae, including important crops. In the United States, M. sacchari has been present primarily on sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), but recently sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) has become a main host. It is not clear how M. sacchari exploits sorghum or other plant species present in the Louisiana agro-ecoscape, but there is potential for these plants to be bridging hosts. Thus, this study determined the feeding behavior of M. sacchari on sorghum, rice, Oryza sativa (L.), sweetpotato, Ipomea batatas (L.), maize, Zea mays (L.), Johnsongrass, S. halepense (L.), and wheat Triticum aestivum (L.) using electrical penetration graphs. Melanaphis sacchari established sustained feeding on sorghum, Johnsongrass, wheat, and rice, only a negligent percentage on maize and no aphid fed on sweetpotato. Differences in Electrical Penetration Graph parameters among the plants in nonpenetrating total time and the lower number of probes, time to penetration initiation, proportion of individuals probing, number of probes shorter than 30 s, number of probes longer than 30 s but shorter than 3 min, pathway phase duration, and number of cell punctures during pathway phase, suggest epidermis and mesophyll factors affecting aphid feeding behavior. While the lack of differences in number of feeding occurrences, total time feeding, and number of sustained feeding occurrences shows that M. sacchari is able to feed on those plants, sieve element factors such as resistance or low nutritional quality prevent the growth of this population in field.
Aortic stenosis of a bicuspid aortic valve in a patient with Klippel–Feil syndrome: a case report
Authors: Hammond Rory F L , Jasionowska Sara , Awad Wael I 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundKlippel–Feil syndrome (KFS) is a rare congenital anomaly of the cervical spine, which is associated with a number of cardiovascular malformations, including coarctation of the aorta, bicuspid aortic valve (BAoV), and aortic aneurysm. Operative management of aortic stenosis of a BAoV in a patient with KFS has not been previously reported.Case summaryA 54-year-old Caucasian woman with known KFS presented to her local hospital for elective cholecystectomy. An ejection systolic murmur was found incidentally on preoperative workup, which was confirmed to be due to a severely stenosed BAoV. The cholecystectomy was cancelled, and the patient was referred to our centre and accepted for surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) based on symptomatic and prognostic grounds. Anaesthetic review of cervical spine imaging showed fusion of the C2–C6 vertebral bodies and a desiccated bulging disc at C4–C5 but no significant foraminal narrowing in the lower cervical spine. Valve replacement with a mechanical aortic prosthesis resulted in an uneventful recovery and the patient was discharged home to follow-up.DiscussionWe report the first case of severe aortic valve stenosis requiring AVR in a Klippel–Feil patient, in whom the aortic valve was confirmed to be bicuspid. This report provides further evidence of an association of KFS with BAoV and strengthens the case for screening and follow-up of KFS patients for BAoV and other cardiovascular pathologies, the consequences of which may be serious.
Prognostic impact of self-reported health on clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure
Authors: Rasmussen Anne Ankerstjerne , Larsen Signe Holm , Jensen Martin , Berg Selina Kikkenborg , Rasmussen Trine Bernholdt , Borregaard Britt , Thrysoee Lars , Thorup Charlotte Brun , Mols Rikke Elmose , Wiggers Henrik , Johnsen Søren Paaske 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Aims
An in-depth understanding of the prognostic value of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) is essential to facilitate person-centred care in heart failure (HF). This study aimed to clarify the prognostic role of subjective mental and physical health status in patients with HF.

Methods and results
Patients with HF were identified from the DenHeart Survey (n = 1499) and PRO data were obtained at hospital discharge, including the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D), the HeartQoL, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Clinical baseline data were obtained from medical records and linked to nationwide registries with patient-level data on sociodemographics and healthcare contacts. Outcomes were all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality, CV events, and HF hospitalization with 1- and 3-year follow-up. Analysing the PRO data on a continuous scale, a worse score in the following were associated with risk of all-cause and CV mortality after 1 year: the HeartQoL (adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42–2.57 and 2.17, 95% CI 1.50–3.15, respectively), the EQ-5D (adjusted HRs 1.26, 95% CI 1.15–1.38 and 1.27, 95% CI 1.13–1.42, respectively), the HADS depression subscale (adjusted HRs 1.12, 95% CI 1.07–1.17 and 1.11, 95% CI 1.05–1.17, respectively), and the HADS anxiety subscale (adjusted HRs 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.13 and 1.09, 95% CI 1.04–1.15, respectively). Three-year results were overall in concordance with the 1-year results. A similar pattern was also observed for non-fatal outcomes.

Conclusion
Health-related quality of life and symptoms of anxiety and depression at discharge were associated with all-cause and CV mortality at 1- and 3-year follow-up.