bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Multivariable Prediction Model to Identify Patients Unlikely to Complete a Colonoscopy Following an Abnormal FIT Test in Community Clinics
Authors: Petrik Amanda , Keast Erin , Johnson Eric , Smith David H. , Coronado Gloria D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 2nd leading cancer killer in the US. The Strategies and Opportunities to STOP Colon Cancer in Priority Populations (STOP CRC) project aimed to increase CRC screening among patients in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) through a mailed fecal immunochemical test (FIT) outreach program. However, rates of completion of the follow-up colonoscopy following an abnormal FIT remain low. We developed a multivariable prediction model using data available in the electronic health record to assess the probability of patients obtaining a colonoscopy following an abnormal FIT test.Methods We used Cox regression to develop a risk prediction model among a retrospective cohort of patients with an abnormal FIT result and a year of follow-up data.Results Of 1723 patients with an abnormal FIT result, 699 (40.6%) had a colonoscopy within 1 year and 597 (34.6%) had a recorded colonoscopy within 6 months. The model shows adequate separation of patients across risk levels for non-adherence to follow-up colonoscopy (bootstrap-corrected C-statistic > 0.63). The refined model included 8 variables: age, race, insurance, GINI income inequality, long term anticoagulant use, receipt of a flu vaccine in the past year, frequency of missed clinic appointments, and clinic site. Probability of obtaining a follow-up colonoscopy within 6 months varied across quintiles; patients in the lowest quintile had an estimated 18% chance, whereas patients in the top quintile had a greater than 55% chance of obtaining a follow-up colonoscopy.Conclusions Knowing who may be at risk for failing to follow-up on an abnormal FIT test could help identify patients in need of early interventions aimed at completing a colonoscopy.Trial registry This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01742065) on December 5, 2012.
Surgery for Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Lobectomy or Sub-lobar Resection?
Authors: Liang Hengrui , Zhang Yichi , Wang Wei , Huang Jun , Cui Fei , Cheng Bo , Zhao Yi , Xiong Shan , Li Jianfu , Li Caichen , Liu Jun , He Jianxing , Liang Wenhua 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background : A survival benefit was observed in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients that underwent operation. But no evidence to support whether lobectomy would further prolong these patients’ live than sub-lobar resection.Methods: Patients that underwent primary tumor resection with metastatic NSCLC were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database and then divided into lobectomy and sub-lobar resection groups. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance characters. Cancer specific survival (CSS) was estimated.Results: A total of 24,268 patients with metastatic NSCLC were identified; 4,114 (16.95%) received primary tumor surgery, of which 2,045 (49.71%) underwent lobectomy and 1,766 (42.93%) underwent sub-lobar resection. After PSM, 644 patients in each group were included. Lobectomy was independently correlated with longer median CSS time (HR=0.70, 95% CI 0.61-0.80, P<0.001). The 1, 2 and 3-year survival rate after PSM also favored the lobectomy group. However, no significant survival difference was found in wedge resection and segmentectomy (HR=0.96, 95% CI 0.70-1.31, P=0.490). The 1, 2 and 3-year survival rate after PSM also showed no difference within the sub-lobar group. We explore whether lymph node dissection would provide a further survival benefit for stage IV NSCLC patients. According to the multivariate Cox analysis of the matched population, lymph node dissection was independently associated with better CSS (HR=0.76, 95% CI 0.66-0.88, P<0.001) and OS (HR=0.74, 95% CI 0.65-0.86, P<0.001). We confirmed this result in different types of surgery and found lymph node dissection group persist to have better survival outcomes both in lobectomy group and sub-lobar resection population. According to subgroup analysis, except for stage T4 and brain metastasis patients, all subtype of patients would benefit more from lobectomy than sub-lobar resection.Conclusions: Lobectomy brings survival benefit in metastatic NSCLC patients compared with sub-lobar resection.
Involvement of Bradykinin and Folate receptor in calming the SARS-COV2 cytokine storm: Lessons learnt from lung cancer
Authors: Gowda Pruthvi , Sen Ellora 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) is a highly pathogenic respiratory virus that causes morbidity and mortality in humans. The lungs are the major pathological target of SARS-CoV infection. The pathological derangements, aberrant signalling and dysregulated inflammation characteristics of lung cancer have marked similarities with the clinical manifestation of SARS-COV2 infection. As heightened inflammatory response is a key feature of both SARS-CoV infection and lung cancer and given the intriguing commonalities between the two, we analysed the RNA sequence dataset from lung cancer patients to get a better understanding of the critical regulators of inflammation in SAR-COV2. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data sets of lung cancer were analyzed for correlations between ACE2, Bradykinin, and other genes associated with inflammatory responses.Results: TCGA dataset analysis indicated an inverse correlation between ACE2 and Bradykinin Receptor 1 (BDKRB1), IL-6 and IFNg in lung adenocarcinoma. A positive correlation between EGF, FOLR1, MAOA, NOSTRIN, MARC2, PHKD1, and ACE2 was noted Summary: Our analysis has identified a common (i) ACE2- BDKRB1-inflammatory network and (ii) FOLR1-Nitric oxide cross-talk in lung cancer and SARS-CoV2. Better understanding of the convergences between critical players in these networks would enable efficient repurposing of approved lung cancer therapeutics for COVID-19 infection.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy: features on Chest Computed Tomography using a structured report system
Authors: Roberto Grassi , Roberta Fusco , Paola Belfiore Maria , Alessandro Montanelli , Gianluigi Patelli , Fabrizio Urraro , Antonella Petrillo , Vincenza Granata , Palmino Sacco , Antonietta Mazzei Maria , Beatrice Feragalli , Alfonso Reginelli , Salvatore Cappabianca 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To assess the use of a structured report system in the Chest Computed Tomography (CT) reporting of patients with suspicious viral pneumonia by COVID-19 and the evaluation of the main CT patterns.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study included 134 patients (43 women and 91 men; 68.8 years of mean age, range 29-93 years) with suspicious COVID-19 viral infection evaluated by reverse transcription real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. All patients underwent CT examinations at the time of admission. CT images were reviewed by two radiologists who identified COVID-19 CT patterns using a structured reports.RESULTS. Temporal difference mean value between RT-PCRs and CT scan was 0.18 days ±2.0 days. CT findings were positive for viral pneumonia in 94.0% patients while COVID-19 was diagnosed at RT-PCR in 77.6% patients. Mean value of time for radiologist to complete the structured report was 8.5 min±2.4 min. The disease on chest CT predominantly affected multiple lobes and the main CT feature was GGOs with or without consolidation (96.8%). GGOs was predominantly bilateral (89.3%), peripheral (80.3%), multifocal/patching (70.5%). Consolidation disease was predominantly bilateral (83.9%) with prevalent peripheral (87.1%) and segmental (47.3%) distribution. Additional CT signs were the crazy-paving pattern in 75.4% of patients, the septal thickening in 37.3% of patients, the air bronchogram sign in 39.7% and the “reversed halo” sign in 23.8%. Less frequent characteristics at CT regard discrete pulmonary nodules, increased trunk diameter of the pulmonary artery, pleural effusion and pericardium effusion (7.9%, 6.3%, 14.3% and 16.7%, respectively). Barotrauma sign was absent in all the patients. High percentage (54.8%) of the patients had mediastinal lymphadenopathy.CONCLUSION. Using a Chest CT structured report, with a standardized language, we identified that the cardinal hallmarks of COVID-19 infection were bilateral, peripheral and multifocal/patching ground-glass opacities and bilateral consolidations with peripheral and segmental distribution.
Vanadium micro-XANES determination of oxygen fugacity in olivine-hosted glass inclusion and groundmass glasses of martian primitive shergottite Yamato 980459
Authors: Nakada Ryoichi , Usui Tomohiro , Ushioda Masashi , Takahashi Yoshio 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The redox condition of magma determines the stability and composition of crystallizing and volatile phases in martian meteorites, reflecting the evolution of the martian interior. In the current study, direct analyses on the oxidation states of V, Cr, and Fe were performed based on the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements equipped with a micro-sized X-ray beam. We first applied the micro-XANES (μ-XANES) technique to the olivine-hosted glass inclusion and groundmass glass of martian meteorite Yamato 980459 (Y98), which is interpreted as representing a primary melt composition. Mass-balance calculations and XANES spectra comparisons indicated that, while chromite and pyroxene affected Cr and Fe K-edge XANES spectra, the contribution of these minerals was minimal for V. The pre-edge peak intensity of V K-edge XANES enabled the estimation of the oxygen fugacity for inclusion and groundmass glasses. The calculated oxygen fugacity (fO2) of the glass inclusions was near the Iron-Wüstite (IW) buffer (IW-0.07 ± 0.32) for the glass inclusion, whereas it was 0.9 log units more oxidized (IW+0.93 ± 0.56) for the groundmass glasses. This result suggests that the redox condition of the parent magma of Y98 evolved during magma ascent and emplacement. Since Y98 is interpreted to have evolved in a closed system, our finding suggests that fractional crystallization and/or ascent of magma potentially induces the fO2 increase. This study shows that the μ-XANES technique enables us to determine the fO2 by only measuring a single phase of glassy compounds, and thus, it is useful to discuss the redox condition of volcanic rocks even if they do not crystallize out several equilibrium phases of minerals.
Crystal structure and Raman spectroscopic studies of OH stretching vibrations in Zn-rich fluor-elbaite
Authors: Pieczka Adam , Ertl Andreas , Gołębiowska Bożena , Jeleń Piotr , Kotowski Jakub , Nejbert Krzysztof , Stachowicz Marcin , Giester Gerald 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Zinc-rich fluor-elbaite from Piława Górna, Poland, was studied by electron microprobe (EPMA), single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SREF), and Raman spectroscopy (RS) to check the possibility of the application of RS to draw crystal-chemical conclusions for Al-rich and Li-bearing tourmalines on basis of the O–H stretching vibrations in the spectral range 3400–3800 cm–1. This tourmaline, forming a thin metasomatic zone around gahnite, features varying compositions with a ZnO content reaching in the studied fragment of 5.70(12) wt%. The crystal structure of this Zn-rich fluor-elbaite [a = 15.921(1), c = 7.127(1) Å] was refined with a R1 value of 1.67%. Its formula was determined on the basis of electron-microprobe and structure refinement as (Na0.84☐0.14Ca0.01)XΣ1.00(Al1.06Li0.84Zn0.69Fe0.322+Mn0.09)YΣ3.00AlZ6(BO3)3(Si6TO18)(OH)3V(F0.65OH0.26O0.09)W. The deconvolution of the O–H stretching vibration bands, performed by fitting of an input model of component bands with Gaussian function shapes for the empirical spectrum, indicates that each of the three maxima assigned for VOH bonded to YAl3+, Y2+, and YLi+ and with the total integral intensity of at least 75% of the total OH content could be resolved into 1 to 3 bands, depending on the X-site occupation (vacancies, Na+, and Ca2+). The deconvolution indicates further that several low intense bands of WO–H modes above a Raman shift of 3600 cm–1, totally reaching ≤25%, are dependent on the occupation of triplets of YYY cations bonded to the hydroxyl. These WO–H modes are also influenced by the X-site occupation. Due to ordering of all octahedral cations (except Al) at the Y site and a complete occupation of the Z site by Al and the V site by OH, it seems possible to evaluate the Li and OH contents in a Al-rich and Li-bearing tourmaline directly from the Raman spectrum. By using the ratio VOHIYAlZAlZAl/(VOHIYZZ + WOHIYYY) as evaluated from RS, corresponding to the ratio YAl/V+WOH in the crystal, the formula of the Zn-rich fluor-elbaite can be calculated as (Na0.85☐0.14Ca0.01)XΣ1.00(Al1.11Y1.112+Li0.78)YΣ3.00AlZ6(BO3)3(Si6O18)(OH)3(F0.65OH0.13O0.22), where Y 2+ = Zn + Fe + Mn. The formula, determined only on basis of EPMA and deconvolution of RS in the O–H stretching bands, corresponds very well (≤1 SD range of EPMA) to the formula determined on basis of EPMA and SREF. This result implicates that the O–H stretching vibrations, measured by Raman spectroscopy, could be applied for Al-rich and Li-bearing tourmalines as a useful tool for providing additional information for determining the crystal-chemical formula. It is also very helpful when crystal structural data are not available.
Donwilhelmsite, [CaAl4Si2O11], a new lunar high-pressure Ca-Al-silicate with relevance for subducted terrestrial sediments
Authors: Fritz Jörg , Greshake Ansgar , Klementova Mariana , Wirth Richard , Palatinus Lukas , Trønnes Reidar G. , Fernandes Vera Assis , Böttger Ute , Ferrière Ludovic 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report on the occurrence of a new high-pressure Ca-Al-silicate in localized shock melt pockets found in the feldspatic lunar meteorite Oued Awlitis 001 and discuss the implications of our discovery. The new mineral crystallized as tiny, micrometer-sized, acicular grains in shock melt pockets of roughly anorthitic bulk composition. Transmission electron microscopy based three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED) reveals that the CaAl4Si2O11 crystals are identical to the calcium aluminum silicate (CAS) phase first reported from static pressure experiments. The new mineral has a hexagonal structure, with a space group of P63/mmc and lattice parameters of a = 5.42(1) Å; c = 12.70(3) Å; V = 323(4) Å3; Z = 2. This is the first time 3D ED was applied to structure determination of an extraterrestrial mineral. The International Mineralogical Association (IMA) has approved this naturally formed CAS phase as the new mineral “donwilhelmsite” [CaAl4Si2O11], honoring the U.S. lunar geologist Don E. Wilhelms. On the Moon, donwilhelmsite can form from the primordial feldspathic crust during impact cratering events. In the feldspatic lunar meteorite Oued Awlitis 001, needles of donwilhelmsite crystallized in ~200 mm sized shock melt pockets of anorthositic-like chemical composition. These melt pockets quenched within milliseconds during declining shock pressures. Shock melt pockets in meteorites serve as natural crucibles mimicking the conditions expected in the Earth's mantle. Donwilhelmsite forms in the Earth's mantle during deep recycling of aluminous crustal materials, and is a key host for Al and Ca of subducted sediments in most of the transition zone and the uppermost lower mantle (460–700 km). Donwilhelmsite bridges the gap between kyanite and the Ca-component of clinopyroxene at low pressures and the Al-rich Ca-ferrite phase and Ca-perovskite at high-pressures. In ascending buoyant mantle plumes, at about 460 km depth, donwilhelmsite is expected to break down into minerals such as garnet, kyanite, and clinopyroxene. This process may trigger minor partial melting, releasing a range of incompatible minor and trace elements and contributing to the enriched mantle (EM1 and EM2) components associated with subducted sedimentary lithologies.
Wavelet-based local mesh refinement for rainfall–runoff simulations
Authors: Özgen-Xian Ilhan , Kesserwani Georges , Caviedes-Voullième Daniel , Molins Sergi , Xu Zexuan , Dwivedi Dipankar , Moulton J. David , Steefel Carl I. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A wavelet-based local mesh refinement (wLMR) strategy is designed to generate multiresolution and unstructured triangular meshes from real digital elevation model (DEM) data for efficient hydrological simulations at the catchment scale. The wLMR strategy is studied considering slope- and curvature-based refinement criteria to analyze DEM inputs: the slope-based criterion uses bed elevation data as input to the wLMR strategy, whereas the curvature-based criterion feeds the bed slope data into it. The performance of the wLMR meshes generated by these two criteria is compared for hydrological simulations; first, using three analytical tests with the systematic variation in topography types and then by reproducing laboratory- and real-scale case studies. The bed elevation on the wLMR meshes and their simulation results are compared relative to those achieved on the finest uniform mesh. Analytical tests show that the slope- and curvature-based criteria are equally effective with the wLMR strategy, and that it is easier to decide which criterion to take in relation to the (regular) shape of the topography. For the realistic case studies: (i) slope analysis provides a better metric to assess the correlation of a wLMR mesh to the fine uniform mesh and (ii) both criteria predict outlet hydrographs with a close predictive accuracy to that on the uniform mesh, but the curvature-based criterion is found to slightly better capture the channeling patterns of real DEM data.
Statistical Analysis of the Economic Development of the Brics Countries
Authors: Balyhin M. G. , Shajlieva M. M. , Tsypin A. P. 
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the research. The political and economic balance between the major world powers in the 1950s was disrupted by the rejection of the socialist model of the economy by a number of countries. For this reason, countries such as Russia and China have been withdrawn from geopolitical space for decades and have re-built their economies and foreign economic ties. The exit from the "shadow" of the economies of these powers in the 2000s led to the movement of the processes of changing the unipolar world order to a multipolar one. A clear catalyst for this process was the formation of the BRICS political and economic union, which brought together the largest developing countries of the world. The topic of positioning of five countries in the world space, as well as the identification of factors that have a favorable impact on their convergence, has become relevant, in this regard, the aim of the study is to assess the position of the BRICS countries in the world community, on the quantitative side, in an inextricable connection with the qualitative basis of socio-economic laws and patterns.Materials and methods. Statistical methods such as tabular, graphical, generalization and correlation regression analysis were used to achieve this goal. Data sources were from the World Bank, the UN Statistical Committee and the BRICS national statistical services.Results. The main results are: on the basis of a critical analysis of the theoretical literature and empirical studies, a methodology for conducting the study was developed, which includes the use of statistical tools; during the period 1990-2018, the position of the BRICS countries in geo-economic space strengthened, as evidenced by the growth of the total share of the Union's members in world GDP; China and India have made a significant leap in economic capacity-building as a result of policies to attract foreign investment and technology; GDP growth in the 2000s continued in China and India, while in Russia, Brazil and South Africa a slowdown was observed, which, according to the forecast, would lead to a further decline in the growth rate of these countries; the main factor that has a positive impact on the growth of the five economies is services, which is fully consistent with the global trend.Conclusion. The results will be useful for researchers in macroeconomic dynamics and geo-economics, in particular the approaches used in the article; it is possible to apply to similar political and economic unions and associations. General conclusions can also be recommended to persons responsible for making state decisions in the field of integration of Russia into the world space, as well as specialists in sociology, social economics and political science.
On One Co-Integration Issue of Trade Links of Azerbaijan, Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan
Authors: Orudzhev E. G. , Huseynova S. M. 
Published: April 2020

This article, based on annual data from 1994 to 2018, considers trade and economic processes between Azerbaijan, Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan through the GDP integration indicators of Azerbaijan and foreign trade turnover with these countries.The purpose of the research. The purpose of the study is to find cointegration relationships between the studied macroeconomic indicators and correct application of the vector model of error correction to describe the equilibrium relationship between the considered data of intercountry interaction and to develop sound economically informative recommendations in the sphere of intercountry trade and economic interaction.Materials and methodology. Official statistics of the State Statistics Committee of Azerbaijan, scientific works of scientists-economists on the inter-country integration processes in the post-soviet region are used. Statistical methods of information processing are applied in relation to the empirical analysis of non-stationary time series of the studied statistical data, and correctly tested modern econometric methods and all the necessary econometric testing procedures are used to build co-integration relations and the vector model of error correction taking into account the effects of external shocks. All the calculations are made in Microsoft Excel and Eviews 8 application software packages.Results. The properties of applying the econometric methodology of studying the statistical relationship between multidimensional nonstationary time series are investigated. For this data, the authors' approach is to use the co-integration tool and the mechanism of vector error correction, which are practically not applicable by economists in Azerbaijan to date. A new specification of the model with respect to the logarithms of the source variables is defined. Based on the minimization of the mean square error, estimates of the model parameters are found. The Granger connection causality is investigated. The Johansen tests are implemented to find the cointegration area, after which the vector error correction model is built, which describes the long-term equilibrium relationship between the studied indicators and the path of returning to the equilibrium trajectory if it deviates from it. When modeling, we used all the necessary statistical procedures required to identify and evaluate the parameters of the model and verify its adequacy and the accuracy of short-term and long-term forecast values by applying Microsoft Excel and Eviews 8 tools.Conclusion. As a result of the study, econometrically sound recommendations are developed, which allow to conduct dynamic analyzes for effective state regulation of export-import operations between the four countries in order to balance the trade and improve the relevant inclusive parameters of the long-term sustainable development of these states.