bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Diabetes in adults in GanSu province of northwest China
Authors: Zhang Qi , Guo Tiankang , Tian Limin , Yang Jie , Xu Yanjia , Liu Juxiang , Quan Jinxing , An Siqin , Yu Jing , Liu Jia , Zhang Luyan , Wei Suhong , Li Mao , Qian Zibing , Zeng Peiyun , Liu Jing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to study the characteristics and distribution of adult diabetes and prediabetes in Gansu province, northwest China. Methods: We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional survey in GanSu province of northwest China. A representative sample of 31417 adults, aged 20-74 years, from 14 regions participated in the study. After an overnight fast, a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 75 g glucose load was conducted among participants without a self-reported history of diagnosed diabetes. Questionnaire survey, physical examination and serum lipid level were also conducted in the study.Results: The rough prevalence of diabetes in adults in Gansu province of northwest China was 10.6% (12.3% among men and 9.2% among women) and the age-standardized prevalence of diabetes is 9.0%. The prevalence of diagnosed and emerging diabetes was 5.2% and 5.4%, respectively. The prevalence of diabetes among Han, Hui, Tibetan, Yugur, Dongxiang nationality and the Baoan nationality were 10.7%, 11.3%, 5.5%, 7.7%, 8.9% and 7.9% respectively. In addition, the prevalence of prediabetes was estimated to be 15.2% (15.7% among men and 14.7% among women). The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were 3.5% and 11.6% respectively. The prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes increased with increasing age and body mass index (BMI). The prevalence of diabetes among urban residents was higher than that among rural residents (11.5% vs. 9.5%) which is different from prediabetes (14.2% vs. 16.3%). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, male sex, urban residents, smoking, family history of diabetes, abdominal obesity, overweight, generalized obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, low levels of education, and high level of economic development were significantly associated with diabetes. Simultaneously, age, male sex, rural residents, drinking, abdominal obesity, overweight, general obesity, hypertension and low levels of education were significantly associated with prediabetes. Conclusions: The epidemic situation of diabetes in northwest China's Gansu province is serious. The distribution of diabetes between different sex, age groups and different ethnic groups were significantly different. More than half of the diabetes patients are undiagnosed, which showed the low hospitalizing rate and the lack of public awareness of diabetes.
Developing a Sensor-Based Mobile Application for In-Home Frailty Assessment: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Blinka Marcela D. , Buta Brian , Bader Kevin D , Hanley Casey , Schoenborn Nancy , McNabney Matthew , Xue Qian-Li 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundFrailty syndrome disproportionately affects older people, including 15% of non-nursing home population, and is known to be a strong predictor of poor health outcomes. There is a growing interest in incorporating frailty assessment into research and clinical practice, which may provide an opportunity to improve in home frailty assessment and improve doctor patient communication.MethodsWe conducted focus groups discussions to solicit input from older adult care recipients (non-frail, pre-frail, and frail), their informal caregivers, and medical providers about their preferences to tailor a mobile app to measure frailty in the home using sensor based technologies. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically. ResultsWe identified three major themes: 1) perspectives of frailty; 2) perceptions of home based sensors; and 3) data management concerns. These relate to the participants’ insight, attitudes and concerns about having sensor-based technology to measure frailty in the home. Our qualitative findings indicate that knowing frailty status is important and useful and would allow older adults to remain independent longer. Participants also noted concerns with data management and the hope that this technology would not replace in-person visits with their healthcare provider.ConclusionsThis study found that study participants of each frailty status expressed high interest and acceptance of sensor-based technologies. Based on the qualitative findings of this study, sensor-based technologies show promise for frailty assessment of older adults with care needs. The main concerns identified related to the volume of data collected and strategies for responsible and secure transfer, reporting, and distillation of data into useful and timely care information. Sensor-based technologies should be piloted for feasibility and utility. This will inform the larger goal of helping older adults to maintain independence while tracking potential health declines, especially among the most vulnerable, for early detection and intervention. Keywords: Frailty, wearable, health services
A nomogramic model based on clinical and laboratory parameters at admission for predicting the survival of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Ma Xiaojun , Wang Huifang , Huang Junwei , Geng Yan , Jiang Shuqi , Zhou Qiuping , Chen Xuan , Hu Hongping , Li Weifeng , Zhou Chengbin , Gao Xinglin , Peng Na , Deng Yiyu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCOVID-19 has become a major global threat. The present study aimed to develop a nomogram model to predict the survival of COVID-19 patients based on their clinical and laboratory data at admission.MethodsCOVID-19 patients who were admitted at Hankou Hospital and Huoshenshan Hospital in Wuhan, China from January 12, 2020 to March 20, 2020, whose outcome during the hospitalization was known, were retrospectively reviewed. The categorical variables were compared using Pearson’s χ2-test or Fisher’s exact test, and continuous variables were analyzed using Student’s t-test or Mann Whitney U-test, as appropriate. Then, variables with a P-value of ≤0.1 were included in the log-binomial model, and merely these independent risk factors were used to establish the nomogram model. The discrimination of the nomogram was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and internally verified using the Bootstrap method.ResultsA total of 262 patients (134 surviving and 128 non-surviving patients) were included in the analysis. Seven variables, which included age (relative risk [RR]: 0.905, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.868-0.944; P<0.001), chronic heart disease (CHD, RR: 0.045, 95% CI: 0.0097-0.205; P<0.001, the percentage of lymphocytes (Lym%, RR: 1.125, 95% CI: 1.041-1.216; P=0.0029), platelets (RR: 1.008, 95% CI: 1.003-1.012; P=0.001), C-reaction protein (RR: 0.982, 95% CI: 0.973-0.991; P<0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, RR: 0.993, 95% CI: 0.990-0.997; P<0.001) and D-dimer (RR: 0.734, 95% CI: 0.617-0.879; P<0.001), were identified as the independent risk factors. The nomogram model based on these factors exhibited a good discrimination, with an AUC of 0.948 (95% CI: 0.923-0.973).ConclusionsA nomogram based on age, CHD, Lym%, platelets, C-reaction protein, LDH and D-dimer was established to accurately predict the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. This can be used as an alerting tool for clinicians to take early intervention measures, when necessary
Does prophylactic antibiotic administration for tooth extraction affect PT-INR in patients taking warfarin?
Authors: Iwata Eiji , Tachibana Akira , Kusumoto Junya , Takata Naoki , Hasegawa Takumi , Akashi Masaya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Various antibiotics and analgesics have been reported to interact with　warfarin. Reports that investigate the effects of medication taken for just a few days during tooth extraction on the prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) are rare.Methods: A total of 110 patients receiving long-term stable warfarin therapy underwent tooth extraction without interruption of warfarin treatment. INR values were measured one month before the tooth extraction, the day of the extraction, and one week after the extraction. We investigated the changes in INR values between the day of extraction and one week after extraction, as well as the various risk factors for increases in INR values.Results: Before and after tooth extraction, the number of patients taking cefcapene pivoxil, amoxicillin, and azithromycin was 57, 36, and 8, respectively. Nine patients were administered ampicillin before tooth extraction and received amoxicillin after their tooth extraction. One week after tooth extraction, the INR values increased beyond the therapeutic range in 3 out of 110 patients (2.7%). The INR values before tooth extraction in these three patients were close to 3.0. The INR value increased by more than twice as much in 1 out of 110 patients (0.9%).Conclusion: Our results suggest that prophylactic antibiotic administration has little effect on INR values when patients on stable warfarin therapy undergo tooth extraction. Surgeons have to take attention if the patients whose INR values are close to 3.0 before their extraction.
Outcome of a single XEN microstent implant for glaucoma patients with different types of glaucoma
Authors: Schargus Marc , Teilig Therese , Rehak Matus , Busch Catharina , Bormann Caroline , Unterlauft Jan Darius 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the efficacy and safety profile of the XEN-microstent in different types of primary and secondary open angle glaucoma. Methods: The XEN microstent was implanted in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEX) and secondary glaucoma (Sec.Gl). The intraocular pressure (IOP), the active substances of the applied IOP-lowering drugs, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the mean deviation (MD) of the perimetry were measured at baseline and at regular follow-ups, scheduled at 2 days and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results: 153 eyes were included in this analysis. 113 eyes were affected by POAG (74%), 5 eyes by NTG (3%), 22 eyes by PEX (14%) and 13 eyes by Sec.Gl (9%). Mean IOP decreased in all treatment groups during the 12 months of follow-up (complete group: 23.9±7.4 to 15.4±5.1 mmHg (p<0.01); POAG: 22.8±6.5 to 15.1±4.6 mmHg (p<0.01); NTG: 16.6±3.4 to 11.6±2.2 mmHg (p<0.05); PEX: 28.0±7.9 to 17.1±6.6 mmHg (p<0.01); Sec.Gl: 28.9±13.9 to 15.5±6.9 mmHg (p<0.05)). In the 153 eyes the average number of IOP-lowering drugs applied decreased from 2.6±1.2 to 0.8±1.3 12 months after surgery (p<0.01). BCVA and mean deviation of automated standard perimetry remained stable in all groups during follow-up. Conclusion: As in eyes suffering from POAG, IOP and number of IOP-lowering drugs applied can be effectively reduced by XEN implantation in eyes suffering from NTG, PEX and secondary glaucoma while leaving BCVA and visual field unchanged.
Steroid metabolites for diagnosing and predicting clinicopathological features in cortisol-producing adrenocortical carcinoma.
Authors: Suzuki Sawako , Minamidate Tomoki , Shiga Akina , Ruike Yutarou , Ishiwata Kazuki , Naito Kumiko , Ishida Akiko , Deguchi Hanna , Fujimoto Masanori , Koide Hisashi , Tatsuno Ichiro , Ikeda Jun-ichiro , Yamazaki Yuto , Sasano Hironobu , Yokote Koutaro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Approximately 60% of adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) are functional, and Cushing’s syndrome is the most frequent diagnosis that has been revealed to have a particularly poor prognosis. Since 30% of ACC present steroid hormone-producing disorganization, measurement of steroid metabolites in suspected ACC is recommended. Previous reports demonstrated that steroid hormone precursors or their urine metabolites, which can be assessed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) respectively, are useful for distinguishing ACC from cortisol-producing adenomas (CPA); however, despite high precision, LC-MS/MS and GC-MS require a highly trained team, are expensive and have limited capacity. Methods: Here, we examined 12 serum steroid metabolites using an immunoassay, which is a more rapid and less costly method than LC-MS/MS, in cortisol-producing ACC and CPA. Further, the correlation of each steroid metabolite to the classification stage and pathological status in ACC was analyzed. Results: Reflecting disorganized steroidogenesis, the immunoassay revealed that all basal levels of steroid precursors were significantly increased in cortisol-producing ACC compared to CPA; in particular, 17-hydroxypregnenolone (glucocorticoid and androgen precursor) and 11-deoxycorticosterone (mineralocorticoid precursor) showed a large area under the ROC curve with high sensitivity and specificity when setting the cut-off at 1.78 ng/ml and 0.4 mg/ml, respectively. Additionally, a combination of androstenedione and DHEAS also showed high specificity with high accuracy. In cortisol-producing ACC, 11-deoxycortisol (glucocorticoid precursor) showed significant positive correlations with predictive prognostic factors used in ENSAT classification, while testosterone showed significant positive correlations to the Ki67-index in both men and women. Conclusion: Less expensive and more widely available RIA and ECLIA may also biochemically distinguish ACC from CPA and may predict the clinicopathological features of ACC.
The Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire: development and validation of age appropriate versions for infants and toddlers
Authors: Jansen Elena , Russell Georgie , Appleton Jessica , Byrne Rebecca , Daniels Lynne , Fowler Catherine , Rossiter Chris , Mallan Kimberley 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: In order to measure and understand trajectories of parental feeding practices and their relationship with child eating and weight, it is desirable to perform assessment from infancy and across time, in age-appropriate ways. While many feeding practices questionnaires exist, none is presently available that enables tracking of feeding practices from infancy through childhood. The aim of the study was to develop a version of the Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire (FPSQ) for parents with infants and toddlers (<2 years) to be used in conjunction with the original FPSQ for older children (≥2 years) to measure feeding practices related to non-responsiveness and structure across childhood. Methods: Constructs and items for the FPSQ for infants and toddlers were derived from the existing and validated FPSQ for older children and supplemented by a review of the literature on infant feeding questionnaires. Following expert review, two versions of the questionnaire were developed, one for milk feeding parents and one for solid feeding parents. Data from two studies were combined (child ages 0-24 months) to test the derived constructs with Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the milk feeding (N=731) and solid feeding (N=611) versions. Results: The milk feeding version consisted of four factors (18 items) and showed acceptable model fit and good internal reliability: ‘feeding on demand vs. feeding routine’ (α= 0.87), ‘using food to calm’ (α= 0.87), ‘persuasive feeding’ (α= 0.71), ‘parent-led feeding’ (α= 0.79). The same four factors showed acceptable model fit for the solid feeding version (21 items), likewise with good internal reliability (α= 0.74, 0.86, 0.85, 0.84 respectively). Two additional factors (13 items) were developed for the solid feeding version that appeared developmentally appropriate only for children aged 12 months or older: ‘family meal environment’ (α= 0.81) and ‘using (non-)food rewards’ (α= 0.92). The majority of factor-factor correlations were in line with those of the original FPSQ. Conclusions: The FPSQ milk and solid feeding versions are the first measures specifically developed as precursors to the FPSQ to measure parental feeding practices in children <2 years, particularly practices related to non-responsiveness and structure. Further validation in more diverse samples is required.
The Type VI Secretion System of&nbsp;Xanthomonas&nbsp;phaseoli pv. manihotis&nbsp;is involved in virulence and&nbsp;in&nbsp;vitro&nbsp;motility
Authors: Benavides Nathaly Andrea Montenegro , Borrero Alejandro Alvarez , Ortiz Mario Luis Arrieta , Rodriguez-R. Luis Miguel , Rozo David Octavio Botero , R. Javier Felipe Tabima , Mosos Luisa Fernanda Castiblanco , Beltran Cesar Trujillo , Restrepo Silvia Restrepo , Bernal Adriana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The type VI protein secretion system (T6SS) is important in diverse cellular processes in Gram-negative bacteria, including interactions with other bacteria and with eukaryotic hosts. In this study we analyze the evolution of the T6SS in the genus Xanthomonas and evaluate its importance of the T6SS for virulence and in vitro motility in Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm), the causal agent of bacterial blight in cassava (Manihot esculenta). We delineate the organization of the T6SS gene clusters in Xanthomonas and then characterize proteins of this secretion system in Xpm strain CIO151. Results: We describe the presence of three different clusters in the genus Xanthomonas that vary in their organization and degree of synteny between species. Using a gene knockout mutagenesis, we also found that vgrG and hcp are required for maximal aggressiveness of Xpm on cassava plants while clpV is important for both motility and maximal aggressiveness. Conclusion: We characterized the T6SS in 15 different strains in Xanthomonas and our phylogenetic analyses suggest that the T6SS might have been acquired by a very ancient event of horizontal gene transfer and maintained through evolution, hinting at their importance for the adaptation of Xanthomonas to their hosts. Finally, we demonstrated that the T6SS of Xpm is functional, and significantly contributes to virulence and motility. This is the first experimental study that demonstrates the role of the T6SS in the Xpm-cassava interaction and the T6SS organization in the genus Xanthomonas.
Hypoxia-sensitive long noncoding RNA CASC15 promotes lung tumorigenesis by regulating the SOX4/β-catenin axis
Authors: Sun Jianyong , Xiong Yanlu , Jiang Kuo , Xin Bo , Jiang Tongtong , Wei Renji , Zou Yuankang , Tan Hong , Jiang Tao , Yang Angang , Jia Lintao , Wang Lei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the hypoxia-related cancer process and play pivotal roles in enabling malignant cells to survive under hypoxic stress. However, the molecular crosstalk between lncRNAs and hypoxia signaling cascades in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains largely elusive.Methods: Firstly, we identified differentially expressed lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 15 (CASC15) as associated with NSCLC based on bioinformatic data. The clinical significance of CASC15 in lung cancer was investigated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Then, we modulated CASC15 expression in NSCLC cell lines by RNAi. CCK-8 and transwell assays were carried out to examine the effects of CASC15 on proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells. Upstream activator and downstream targets of CASC15 were validated by luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Lastly, RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to confirm the genetic relationships between CASC15 and related genes in clinical samples.Results: CASC15 was highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and closely associated with poor prognosis. Loss-of-function analysis demonstrated that CASC15 was essential for NSCLC cell migration and growth. Mechanistic study revealed that CASC15 was transcriptionally activated by hypoxia signaling in NSCLC cells. Further analysis showed that hypoxia-induced CASC15 transactivation was mainly dependent on hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and hypoxia response elements (HREs) located in CASC15 promoter. CASC15 promotes the expression of its chromosomally nearby gene, SOX4. Then SOX4 functions to stabilize β-catenin protein, thereby enhancing the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells. HIF-1α/CASC15/SOX4/β-catenin pathway was activated in a substantial subset of NSCLC patients.Conclusions: HIF-1α/CASC15/SOX4/β-catenin axis plays an essential role in the development and progression of NSCLC. The present work provides new evidence that lncRNA CASC15 holds great promise to be used as novel biomarkers for NSCLC. Blocking the HIF-1α/CASC15/SOX4/β-catenin axis can serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating NSCLC.
Delirium is associated with high mortality in elderly patients with acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Pak Misun , Hara Masahiko , Miura Shoko , Furuya Motohide , Tamaki Masatake , Okada Taiji , Watanabe Nobuhide , Endo Akihiro , Tanabe Kazuaki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Delirium is associated with high mortality after cardiac surgery. However, evidence on the epidemiology of delirium in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is limited. This study aimed to assess the incidence and prognostic impact of delirium in patients with ADHF. Methods: This single-center prospective observational study enrolled 132 consecutive patients with ADHF. We utilized the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition and classified the patients into two groups according to the presence or absence of delirium. The primary endpoint was 90-day all-cause mortality. The prognostic impact and risk factors of delirium were evaluated using multivariable Cox and logistic regression analyses, respectively. Results: The median patient age was 83 (interquartile range, 75–87) years. Approximately 51.5% were men. Delirium occurred in 36 (27.3%) patients, and hyperactive delirium was the most frequent type (86.1%). The 90-day all-cause mortality was higher in the patients with delirium than in those without (21.6% versus 3.9%, log-rank p=0.002). Delirium was associated with higher mortality with an adjusted hazard ratio of 6.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.1–42.6, p=0.042). The risk factors associated with delirium included advanced age, male sex, higher clinical frailty scale score, and dementia. Conclusions: Delirium was associated with a higher 90-day all-cause mortality in the elderly patients with ADHF. Hyperactive delirium was the most common subtype.