bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
#loveyourshelfie
Authors: Fletcher Lisa , McAlister Jodi , Temple Kurt , Williams Kathleen 
Published: February 2020

“Mills & Boon” has become shorthand for “trashy” entertainment, yet little is known about how the books are treated materially in their circulation. This article reports on a project that followed the material lives and afterlives of 50 Australian-authored novels published by Harlequin Mills & Boon between 1996 and 2016. We analyze visual and textual data about these books collected via social media to explore uses and values attached to category romance. First, we show that the books’ ongoing circulation is due both to their publishers’ practices, and to the behaviours of genre insiders. Second, we note that most participants demonstrated “genre competence” and genre-based sociality, confirming the highly networked nature of the romance “genre world.” Third, we find that category romance is routinely shelved apart from other books, explicitly marking them as distinctive. Finally, we argue that “shelfies” of romance collections undercut notions of trash by reframing them as treasure.
Elevated CO2not increased temperature has specific effects on soil nematode community either with planting of transgenicBtrice or non-Btrice
Authors: Song Yingying , Liu Jiawen , Chen Fajun 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundTransgenicBtrice has not been approved for commercial cultivation because of the fierce public debate on food safety, biosafety regulation and ecological risk. Meanwhile, the concentration of CO2and temperature in the atmosphere, as important environmental factors affecting the persistence of exogenousBtprotein, have increased. Elevated CO2, increased temperature, the planting of transgenicBtrice and their interactions may further influence the structure and complexity of soil food web. However, the effects of transgenicBtrice planting on soil organism remain largely unexplored before its commercial production especially under global climate change.MethodsHere, we assessed the influences of transgenicBtrice (cv. HH with fusedCry1Ab/Cry1Acin contrast to its parental line of non-Btrice cv. MH63) on soil nematode communities under the conditions of elevated CO2concentration and increased temperature for 2 years of 2016 and 2017 in open-top chambers located in Ningjin County, Shandong Province of China.ResultsElevated CO2concentration remarkably increased the abundance of fungivores and significantly decreased their nematode channel ratio (NCR) and enrichment index (EI) irrespective of rice variety (transgenicBtrice or non-Btrice) or temperature (normal temperature or increased temperature). Additionally, rice variety and temperature did not significantly change soil nematode composition, abundance and ecological indices (including total maturity index (∑MI), Shannon diversity (H′), structure index (SI), NCR andEI). However, apparent seasonal changes were observed in theses aforementioned variables.DiscussionThese results suggested that atmospheric CO2concentration but not temperature or rice variety has great impacts on soil nematode community, especially fungivores.
The Effects of Pre-germination Treatments on Seed Germination and Growth of Wild Guavas in the Kingdom of Eswatini, Southern Africa
Authors: Sikhondze Thulani , Nxumalo Kwanele A. , Masarirambi Michael T. , Wahome Paul K. , Zwane Mathole G. 
Published: February 2020

Dormancy is a condition where seeds will not germinate even when the environmental conditions (water, temperature and aeration) are permissive for germination. Wild guavas (Psidium guajava L.) are very popular in all agro-ecological zones of Eswatini. Farmers have shown an interest towards guava cultivation but have to cope with the shortage of quality propagation material. The demand is not fulfilled because of unavailability of superior seedling rootstocks, which might be due to poor seed germination and seedling growth. Nevertheless, it has been reported that guava seeds exhibited seed dormancy, which affects their growth and development. The experiment was carried out to study effects of different pre-germination methods on seed germination of guava. The study was conducted at the University of Eswatini, Luyengo Campus. The objective of the study was to get maximum germination of guava seeds in as short a time as possible. Four methods were used i.e., soaking in distilled water for five days at room temperature, soaking in hot water at 80ºC for three minutes, subjecting seeds to heat at 80ºC in oven for six minutes and soaking in 20% dilute sulphuric acid for three minutes. All these treatments significantly decreased days to germination of seeds compared with the control. Among the methods, treatment of guava seeds with 20% dilute sulphuric acid for three minutes was judged best with maximum germination percentage (93.3%); lowest germination mean time was observed in seeds soaked in distilled water (31 days). Highest plant height (44 mm) and highest stem girth of (3.37 mm) were recorded from seeds soaked in sulphuric acid after 150 days of sowing. Seeds without any pre-germination treatment showed poor germination (26.7%). On the basis of the findings, it can be recommended that propagators use sulphuric acid in seed priming for higher germination, growth and development.
Engineered small metal‐binding protein tag improves the production of recombinant human growth hormone in the periplasm of Escherichia coli
Authors: Perez‐Perez David A. , Pioquinto‐Avila Elizeth , Arredondo‐Espinoza Eder , Morones‐Ramirez Jose Ruben , Balderas‐Renteria Isaias , Zarate Xristo 
Published: February 2020

Fusion proteins play an important role in the production of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. They are mostly used for cytoplasmic expression since they can be designed to increase the solubility of the target protein, which then can be easily purified via affinity chromatography. In contrast, fusion proteins are not usually included in construct designs for periplasmic production. Instead, a signal sequence is inserted for protein transport into the periplasm and a C‐terminal his‐tag added for subsequent purification. Our research group has proposed the small metal‐binding protein (SmbP) isolated from the periplasm of Nitrosomonas europaea as a new fusion protein to express recombinant proteins in the cytoplasm or periplasm of E. coli. SmbP also allows purification via immobilized metal affinity chromatography using Ni(II) ions. Recently, we have optimized the periplasmic production of proteins tagged with SmbP by exchanging its native signal peptide with one taken from pectate lyase B (PelB), substantially increasing the amount of protein produced. In this work, we have expressed and purified soluble bioactive human growth hormone (hGH) tagged with PelB‐SmbP and obtained the highest periplasmic production reported for this protein so far. Its activity, tested on Nb2‐11 cells, was equivalent to commercial growth hormone at 50 ng·mL−1. Therefore, we strongly recommend the use of PelB‐SmbP as a protein tag for the expression and purification of hGH or other possible target proteins in the periplasm of E. coli.
A Multi‐Functional Highly Efficient Upconversion Luminescent Film with an Array of Dielectric Microbeads Decorated with Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Ahn In‐Hwan , Yeo Seon Ju , Jung Kinam , Kang Gumin , Shin Dong‐Hun , Jang Ho Seong , Kim Byunghoon , Nam Minwoo , Kwon Seok Joon , Ko Doo‐Hyun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUpconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been integrated with photonic platforms to overcome the intrinsically low quantum efficiency limit of upconversion luminescence (UCL). However, platforms based on thin films lack transferability and flexibility, which hinders their broader and more practical application. A plasmonic structure is developed that works as a multi‐functional platform for flexible, transparent, and washable near‐infrared (NIR)‐to‐visible UCL films with ultra‐strong UCL intensity. The platform consists of dielectric microbeads decorated with plasmonic metal nanoparticles on an insulator/metal substrate. Distinct improvements in NIR confinement, visible light extraction, and boosted plasmonic effects for upconversion are observed. With weak NIR excitation, the UCL intensity is higher by three orders of magnitude relative to the reference platform. When the microbeads are organized in a square lattice array, the functionality of the platform can be expanded to wearable and washable UCL films. The platform can be transferred to transparent, flexible, and foldable films and still emit strong UCL with a wide viewing angle.
Electric‐Field‐Controlled Antiferromagnetic Spintronic Devices
Authors: Yan Han , Feng Zexin , Qin Peixin , Zhou Xiaorong , Guo Huixin , Wang Xiaoning , Chen Hongyu , Zhang Xin , Wu Haojiang , Jiang Chengbao , Liu Zhiqi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the field of antiferromagnetic spintronics has been substantially advanced. Electric‐field control is a promising approach for achieving ultralow power spintronic devices via suppressing Joule heating. Here, cutting‐edge research, including electric‐field modulation of antiferromagnetic spintronic devices using strain, ionic liquids, dielectric materials, and electrochemical ionic migration, is comprehensively reviewed. Various emergent topics such as the Néel spin–orbit torque, chiral spintronics, topological antiferromagnetic spintronics, anisotropic magnetoresistance, memory devices, 2D magnetism, and magneto‐ionic modulation with respect to antiferromagnets are examined. In conclusion, the possibility of realizing high‐quality room‐temperature antiferromagnetic tunnel junctions, antiferromagnetic spin logic devices, and artificial antiferromagnetic neurons is highlighted. It is expected that this work provides an appropriate and forward‐looking perspective that will promote the rapid development of this field.
Thermodynamic Routes to Ultralow Thermal Conductivity and High Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Wei Pai‐Chun , Liao Chien‐Neng , Wu Hsin‐Jay , Yang Dongwang , He Jian , Biesold‐McGee Gill V. , Liang Shuang , Yen Wan‐Ting , Tang Xinfeng , Yeh Jien‐Wei , Lin Zhiqun , He Jr‐Hau 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThermoelectric (TE) research is not only a course of materials by discovery but also a seedbed of novel concepts and methodologies. Herein, the focus is on recent advances in three emerging paradigms: entropy engineering, phase‐boundary mapping, and liquid‐like TE materials in the context of thermodynamic routes. Specifically, entropy engineering is underpinned by the core effects of high‐entropy alloys; the extended solubility limit, the tendency to form a high‐symmetry crystal structure, severe lattice distortions, and sluggish diffusion processes afford large phase space for performance optimization, high electronic‐band degeneracy, rich multiscale microstructures, and low lattice thermal conductivity toward higher‐performance TE materials. Entropy engineering is successfully implemented in half‐Huesler and IV–VI compounds. In Zintl phases and skutterudites, the efficacy of phase‐boundary mapping is demonstrated through unraveling the profound relations among chemical compositions, mutual solubilities of constituent elements, phase instability, microstructures, and resulting TE properties at the operation temperatures. Attention is also given to liquid‐like TE materials that exhibit lattice thermal conductivity at lower than the amorphous limit due to intensive mobile ion disorder and reduced vibrational entropy. To conclude, an outlook on the development of next‐generation TE materials in line with these thermodynamic routes is given.
Capturing Bubbles and Preventing Foam Using Aerophilic Surfaces
Authors: Rapoport Leonid , Emmerich Theo , Varanasi Kripa K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBubbles are common in nature and the ability to capture them is advantageous in many industrial applications. Here, the authors propose how surfaces can be designed to capture rising bubbles in a liquid column upon contact. When a rising bubble approaches a horizontal surface, the thin liquid film separating the bubble and the surface needs to be drained for the bubble to be captured by the surface. The authors design aerophilic surfaces that can efficiently drain liquid films upon bubble contact, and show how their ability to catch bubbles relates to their texture parameters. The authors develop a physical model, based on surface slip length and liquid properties, to determine when the film would drain. Then they use these findings to design a plastron encased surface comprising textures across three length scales, which enables capture upon contact and a reduction of two orders of magnitude in capture time relative to a flat surface. Finally, the authors use these principles to create an easily scalable device that passively captures a rising flow of bubbles in a surfactant rich solution. This technology can be utilized to prevent foam from forming in bioreactors and fermentation tanks and eliminate the use of antifoaming agents.
Visible‐Light‐Excited Ultralong‐Lifetime Room Temperature Phosphorescence Based on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Dots for Double Anticounterfeiting
Authors: Gao Yifang , Zhang Huilin , Shuang Shaomin , Dong Chuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVisible light is ubiquitous and safer than ultraviolet light; however, synthesizing ultralong‐lifetime room temperature phosphorescent (URTP) carbon dots (CDs) with visible‐light excitation remains a formidable challenge. Herein, an easy and fast method for synthesizing visible‐light‐excited URTP CDs is devised. The synthesized CDs have URTP lifetime of 1.51 s which is a relatively long life RTP lifetime ever reported. Furthermore, it is revealed that the dense core of CDs, the formation of long‐chain polymers on the surface, and the presence of hydrogen bond skeleton play a crucial role in the production of URTP. Also, the introduction of the N element is a critical factor in the URTP synthesis as it promotes the n–π* transition and facilitates intersystem crossing (ISC) such that the triplet state is filled with effective excitons. Notably, the CDs demonstrate URTP properties under the excitation of 365 UV light and exhibit URTP under the excitation of visible light. This is a rare report of visible‐light‐excited URTP based on CDs. Considering this excellent property, URTP CDs may be applied in the field of anticounterfeiting. These findings may broaden the path for the development of visible‐light‐excited URTP materials and their applications.
Phenotypic Response and Personalized Medicine in Liver Cancer and Transplantation: Approaches to Complex Systems
Authors: Zarrinpar Ali , Kim Un Bi , Boominathan Vijay 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRapid improvements in medical technology, big data analysis, and molecular medicine come with promises of revolutionizing medical care. They span the spectrum from diagnostics to genome‐based drug selection to multi‐biomarker analysis to deciphering large amounts of data. Below, recent developments in personalized and precision medicine are reviewed, focusing specifically on the liver, ranging from fatty liver disease to liver cancer treatment and liver transplantation. Furthermore, current technologies and their advantages and limitations are discussed, in addition to ways in which these disadvantages can be overcome, using phenotypic personalized medicine.
Dial the Mechanism Switch of VN from Conversion to Intercalation toward Long Cycling Sodium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Wei Shiqiang , Wang Changda , Chen Shuangming , Zhang Pengjun , Zhu Kefu , Wu Chuanqiang , Song Pin , Wen Wen , Song Li 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTransition metal nitrides are promising energy storage materials in regard to good metallic conductivity and high theoretical specific capacity, but their cycling stability is impeded by the huge volume change caused by the conversion reaction mechanism. Here, a simple strategy to produce an intercalation pseudocapacitive‐type vanadium nitride (VN) by one‐step ammonification of V2C MXene for sodium‐ion batteries is reported. Profiting from a distinctive layered structure pillared by Al atoms in the layer spacing, it delivers a high capacity of 372 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and a desirable rate performance. More importantly, it shows remarkably long cycling stability over 7500 cycles without capacity attenuation at 500 mA g−1. As expected, it is found that the intercalation pseudocapacitance plays an important role in the excellent performance, by using in situ X‐ray diffraction and ex situ X‐ray absorption structure characterization. Even more remarkable, are the high energy and power density of the sodium‐ion capacitor after coupling with a carbon‐based cathode. The hybrid device possesses an energy density of 78.43 Wh kg−1 at power density of 260 W kg−1. The results clearly show that such a unique‐layered VN with outstanding Na storage capability is an excellent new material for energy storage systems.
The coordinated increase in stomatal density and vein dimensions during genetic improvement in rice
Authors: Wu Lilian , de Boer Hugo J. , Zixiao Zhang , Chen Xueliang , Shi Yanying , Peng Shaobing , Wang Fei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) has experienced three distinct phases of considerable yield increases: Green Revolution, utilization of heterosis, and the combination of ideotype and inter‐subspecific hybrid breeding. Crop breeding and selection for high yield have increased radiation use efficiency in modern indica rice varieties. However, the underlying leaf morphological and physiological changes have not been established. Field and pot experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017. We investigated the relationships between the anatomical maximum stomatal conductance (gmax), operational stomatal conductance (gop), and the anatomy of the stomata and vein in relation to leaf‐level transpiration and photosynthesis across historical indica rice varieties. The results showed that flag leaf temperature of new varieties was reduced relative to the temperature of older varieties due to increased gop and leaf transpirational cooling. Both high stomatal density and larger veins were increased in new varieties with improved yield potential, while no change was observed in stomatal length and vein density. There was a significant correlation between stomatal density and gop as well as between gop and the light‐saturated photosynthetic rate. The present study reveals that historical selection for high yield is accompanied by leaf morphological changes that contribute to enhanced gop, leaf cooling, and photosynthesis of irrigated rice inhabiting hot, high light environments.
An Investigation on triaxial compression of flexible fiber packings
Authors: Guo Yu , Li Yanjie , Liu Qingzhao , Jin Hanhui , Xu Dandan , Wassgren Carl , Curtis Jennifer S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article examines the mechanical response of flexible fiber packings subject to triaxial compression. Short fibers yield in a manner similar to typical granular materials in which the deviatoric stress remains nearly constant with increasing strain after reaching a peak value. Interestingly, long fibers exhibit a hardening behavior, where the stress increases rapidly with increasing strain at large strains and the packing density continuously increases. Phase diagrams for classifying the bulk mechanical response as yielding, hardening, or a transition regime are generated as a function of the fiber aspect ratio and fiber–fiber friction coefficient. Large fiber aspect ratio and large fiber–fiber friction coefficient promote hardening behavior. The positions of boundaries between different regimes depend on the confining pressure and fiber flexibility. The hardening packings can support much larger loads than the yielding packings, but larger internal axial forces within fibers and larger fiber–fiber contact forces occur.
Spatial Manipulation and Integration of Supramolecular Filaments on Hydrogel Substrates towards Advanced Soft Devices
Authors: Zhang Kai , Oldenhof Sander , Wang Yiming , van Esch Jan H. , Mendes Eduardo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSupramolecular assemblies are promising building blocks for the fabrication of functional soft devices for high‐tech applications. However, there is a lack of effective methods for large‐scale manipulation and integration of nano‐sized supramolecular structures on soft substrate. Now, functional soft devices composed of micellar filaments and hydrogels can be created through a versatile approach involving guided dewetting, transfer‐printing, and laser‐assisted patterning. Such an approach enables unprecedented control over the location and alignment of the micellar filaments on hydrogel substrates. As examples, freely suspended micellar fishnets immobilized on hydrogels are formed, showing the capability of trapping and releasing micro‐objects and the piconewton force sensitivity. By incorporating responsive moieties into hydrogels, shape‐morphing actuators with micelle‐controlled rolling directionality are constructed.
An Efficient Method for the Programmed Synthesis of Multifunctional Diketopyrrolopyrroles
Authors: Pieczykolan Michał , Sadowski Bartłomiej , Gryko Daniel T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new, transformative methodology for the preparation of diketopyrrolopyrroles from aldehydes, primary amines, nitriles, and diethyl oxalacetate has been developed. It is now possible to prepare diketopyrrolopyrroles bearing an ordered arrangement of three different substituents from abundant and commercially available materials, allowing the independent regulation of all desired physicochemical properties. For the first time very electron‐rich (carbazol‐3‐yl, dimethylaminophenyl, pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrolyl), and sterically hindered substituents (naphthalen‐1‐yl, quinolin‐4‐yl, acridin‐9‐yl, imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridin‐1‐yl, 2‐bromophenyl etc.) can be appended to the diketopyrrolopyrrole core by condensation of an appropriate nitrile with a pyrrolidin‐2‐one intermediate. Even greater synthetic possibilities are related to the fact that such demanding substituents as 4‐dimethylaminophenyl, indol‐3‐yl, and 2‐methoxyphenyl can be incorporated from aldehyde precursors, bypassing problems with the nitriles reactivity.
Visible‐Light‐Enabled Direct Decarboxylative N‐Alkylation
Authors: Nguyen Vu T. , Nguyen Viet D. , Haug Graham C. , Vuong Ngan T. H. , Dang Hang T. , Arman Hadi D. , Larionov Oleg V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe development of efficient and selective C−N bond‐forming reactions from abundant feedstock chemicals remains a central theme in organic chemistry owing to the key roles of amines in synthesis, drug discovery, and materials science. Herein, we present a dual catalytic system for the N‐alkylation of diverse aromatic carbocyclic and heterocyclic amines directly with carboxylic acids, by‐passing their preactivation as redox‐active esters. The reaction, which is enabled by visible‐light‐driven, acridine‐catalyzed decarboxylation, provides access to N‐alkylated secondary and tertiary anilines and N‐heterocycles. Additional examples, including double alkylation, the installation of metabolically robust deuterated methyl groups, and tandem ring formation, further demonstrate the potential of the direct decarboxylative alkylation (DDA) reaction.