bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Availability, Cost, Age of First Drink, and Its Association with At‐Risk Alcohol Use in Moshi, Tanzania
Authors: Staton Catherine A , Zhao Duan , Ginalis Elizabeth E. , Hirshon Jon Mark , Sakita Francis , Swahn Monica H. , Mmbaga Blandina Theophil , Nickenig Vissoci Joao Ricardo 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe Kilimanjaro region has one of the highest levels of reported alcohol intake per capita in Tanzania. Age at first drink has been found to be associated with alcohol problems in adulthood, but there is less information on the age of first drink in the Kilimanjaro region and its associations with alcohol‐related consequences later in life. Furthermore, local alcohol cost and availability may influence the prevalence of alcohol use and alcohol use disorders.MethodsData on the age of first drink, alcohol use disorder identification tool (AUDIT), number and type of alcohol consequences (DrInC), and perceived alcohol at low cost and high availability for children and adolescents were collected from an alcohol and health behavior survey of injury patients (N = 242) in Moshi, Tanzania. Generalized linear models were used to test age at first drink, perceived alcohol cost and availability, and their association with the AUDIT and DrInC scores, and current alcohol use, respectively.ResultsConsuming alcohol before age 18 was significantly associated with higher AUDIT and DrInC scores, with odds ratios of 1.22 (CI: 1.004, 1.47) and 1.72 (CI: 1.11, 2.63), respectively. Female gender is strongly associated with less alcohol use and alcohol consequences, represented by an odds ratio of 3.70 (CI: 1.72, 8.33) for an AUDIT score above 8 and an odds ratio of 3.84 (CI: 2.13, 6.67) with the DrInC score. Perceived high availability of alcohol for children is significantly related to higher alcohol use quantity, with the odds ratio of 1.6 (CI: 1.17, 2.20).ConclusionsThe first use of alcohol before the age of 18 is associated with higher alcohol use and alcohol‐related adverse consequences. In Tanzania, age at first drink is an important target for interventions aiming to prevent negative alcohol‐related consequences later in life.
Reductions in Drinking Predict Increased Distress: Between‐ and Within‐Person Associations between Alcohol Use and Psychological Distress During and Following Treatment
Authors: Levine Jacob A. , Gius Becky K. , Boghdadi George , Connors Gerard J. , Maisto Stephen A. , Schlauch Robert C. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAs the nature of the association between alcohol use disorder (AUD) and other disorders is not well understood, the ways in which psychological distress changes during the course of treatment for AUD are relatively unknown. Existing literatures posit 2 competing hypotheses such that treatment for AUD concurrently decreases alcohol use and psychological distress or treatment for AUD decreases alcohol use and increases psychological distress. The current study examined the ways in which psychological distress changed as a function of treatment for AUD, including the relationship between psychological distress and drinking behaviors.MethodsSecondary data analysis was conducted on an existing clinical trial dataset that investigated the effect of cognitive–behavioral therapy and therapeutic alliance feedback on AUDs. Specifically, data collected at baseline, posttreatment, 3‐month, 6‐month, 9‐month, and 12‐month follow‐up assessments were examined.ResultsResults indicated decreases in heavy drinking days, increases in percentage of days abstinent, and decreases in overall psychological distress. Findings also revealed that changes in psychological distress did not predict changes in drinking at the next time interval; however, decreases in drinking predicted higher psychological distress at the next assessment. Further, average levels of psychological distress were positively associated with rates of drinking.ConclusionsThe current study provides some insight into how psychological distress changes during the course of treatment for AUD, including the relationship between changes in drinking and such symptoms. Future research should continue to explore these relationships, including the ways in which treatment efforts can address what may be seen as paradoxical effects.
Peri‐implantation cytokine profile differs between singleton and twin IVF pregnancies
Authors: Simpson Samantha , Kaislasuo Janina , Peng Gang , Aldo Paulomi , Paidas Michael , Guller Seth , Mor Gil , Pal Lubna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProblemIt is unknown whether maternal cytokine production differs between twin and singleton gestations in the implantation phase. A difference in maternal serum cytokine concentrations in twins would imply a dose‐response to the invading embryos, as opposed to a general immune reaction.Method of studyA prospective longitudinal cohort of women aged 18‐45 at an academic fertility center undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF‐ET) underwent routine collection of serial serum samples starting 9 days after ET and then approximately every 48 hours thereafter. Cryopreserved aliquots of these samples were assayed for interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) using the SimplePlex immunoassay platform. Pregnancies were followed until delivery. Serial measures of serum concentrations of IL‐10, CXCL10, and TNF‐α in singleton or di‐di twin pregnancies from 9 to 15 days after IVF‐ET were compared.ResultsMaternal serum levels of CXCL10 are significantly lower in women with di‐di twin pregnancies in early implantation compared to those with singleton gestation (day 9‐11, P = .02). Serum levels of TNF‐α and IL‐10 were comparable at all studied time points (P > .05).ConclusionMaternal serum levels of CXCL10 are significantly lower in the earliest implantation phase in di‐di twins compared to singleton conceptions. Given the known anti‐angiogenic role of CXCL10, we hypothesize that lower CXCL10 levels in twin implantations allow an environment that is conducive for the greater vascularization required for the establishment of dual placentation in di‐di twins.
Getting Creative with Data: Managing Relationships and Quantitative Proof in an Indian NGO
Authors: Goodman Rachael 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTWhile many scholars have documented how the pursuit of objective data reshapes relationships, I show how relationships can also affect how people interact with data. The donors and managers of a nongovernmental organization (NGO) in the foothills of the Indian Himalayas were most invested in their relationships with one another. These ties required quantitative data to act as proof that development was happening and money was well spent in the absence of direct observation. In order for numbers to serve this communicative function, the NGO's leaders treated the data produced by development projects as if they were objective representations of reality. However, the NGO's fieldworkers, who produced the data, were invested in ties outside the development community. They relied on their relationships with the NGO's beneficiaries—who were also their friends, neighbors, and kin—to help them survive (socially, emotionally, physically, and financially) in ways that NGO employment could not replace. Far from needing numbers to be objective proof, these relationships required fieldworkers to treat data as flexible and open to interpretation. Beneficiaries used projects in ways that the NGO's leaders did not anticipate or value, and fieldworkers were creative with data production to maintain their ties to both leaders and beneficiaries. [development, data, relationships, NGOs, South Asia]
Results of surgical correction of upper eyelid retraction in Graves’ Orbitopathy
Authors: Pinas Dianta , O.B. De Keizer Ronald , Wubbels Rene J. , van den Bosch Willem A. , Paridaens Dion 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionAnterior levator disinsertion/reinsertion and Müllerectomy (ALDM) is generally performed to correct upper eyelid retraction in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy (GO). We studied the outcome of this procedure and its correlation with clinical parameters.Patients and MethodsRetrospective analysis of results of ALDM in 305 consecutive euthyroid patients with burnt‐out GO treated in our hospital between 1 January 2000 and 1 January 2016. From the patient files, we recorded data on age, gender, laterality of surgery, smoking history and previous interventions. For outcome analysis, we used a qualitative scoring system with subdivision into three categories (good (MRD‐1 of 4–5 mm, smooth upper eyelid contour and left‐right difference of < 1 mm); acceptable (MRD‐1 of 3–<4 or> 5–6 mm), smooth upper eyelid contour and left‐right difference of < 2 mm; poor: if none of the above criteria was met). We analysed the outcome per eyelid as well as per patient.ResultsOf the 305 patients (471 eyelids), 166 underwent bilateral and 139 unilateral surgery. Regarding eyelids, the outcome of surgery was good in 71.6% (337/471) acceptable in 15.7% (74/471) and poor in 12.7% (60/471). Regarding patients, the outcome was good in 64.3% (196/305), acceptable in 15.7% (48/305) and poor in 20% (61/305). Concerning bilateral and unilateral surgery, the outcome was good in 60.8% (101/166) and acceptable in 16.9% (28/166) of patients after bilateral surgery, and good in 68.3% (95/139) and acceptable in 14.4% (20/139) of the patients after unilateral surgery (p = 0.17). Reoperation was performed in 16% (75 of 471) of eyelids and in 22 % (66 of 305) of patients. After secondary surgery, the cumulative success percentage was good in 78.6% (370/471) of eyelids and in 79% (241/305) of patients. We found no relation between surgical outcome and any other studied parameter, such as age, gender, smoking history and previous intervention such as extraocular muscle surgery and/or orbital decompression.ConclusionCorrection of upper eyelid retraction yields a good result in 64.3% of patients and 71.6% of eyelids. With one additional procedure, the procedure proved was successful in 79% of patients and eyelids. We found no relation between the outcome of surgery and any other parameter, such as previous disease severity, previous interventions or smoking history. For comparative analysis, we recommend to report the outcome per patient rather than per eyelid.
Reed bed vegetation structure and plant species diversity depend on management type and the time period since last management
Authors: Andersen Line Holm , Nummi Petri , Bahrndorff Simon , Pertoldi Cino , Trøjelsgaard Kristian , Lauridsen Torben Linding , Rafn Jeppe , Frederiksen Cecilie Majgaard Skak , Kristjansen Mads Prengel , Bruhn Dan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQuestionReed beds, dominated by common reed (Phragmites australis), have high ecological value. Several studies have examined the differences between managed and unmanaged reed beds without taking into account the time passed since the last management. In this paper, we seek to answer the question: how does the time passed since last management and the management method itself affect the plant community and the habitat structure of reed beds?Location“De Østlige Vejler,” Northern Jutland, Denmark.MethodsWe examined four reed bed treatments — beds either cut or harvested during the year of the study (0‐year‐old reed beds) and reed beds harvested 3 and 25 years ago, respectively. The reed bed plant communities and the reed bed habitat structure were determined in May and August. We tested the data for overall between‐treatment differences (multivariate analysis of variance [MANOVA] and principal components analysis [PCA]) and specific differences in the plant community and habitat structure (Kruskal–Wallis).ResultsThe plant community differed significantly between the four reed beds according to treatment, and each reed bed exhibited unique species. Species richness was significantly higher in the recently harvested reed beds (0 and 3 years since harvest) compared with the 25‐year‐old reed beds. Harvest sparked reed rejuvenation and increased the growth of new reeds. The 3‐year‐old reed bed had a habitat structure that equally resembled that of the newly harvested (e.g., similar green reed shoot density) and the 25‐year‐old reed beds (e.g., similar height). Cutting, as opposed to harvesting, created a plant community adapted to less light availability.ConclusionsTo secure most plant species and most variation in habitat structure, reed beds should contain a mosaic of differently aged and differently managed patches. Previous studies have disagreed on the effect of management on plant species diversity, which could be explained either by different reed bed age or different sampling periods.
Trends in cesarean birth rates in Iceland over a 19‐year period
Authors: Haggar Fatima , Einarsdóttir Kristjana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCesarean birth (CB) rates have increased in high‐resource countries during the past two decades, yet it is not known whether CB rates have changed according to maternal age and/or gestational age.MethodsAll singleton live births in Iceland between 1997 and 2015 were identified from the Icelandic Medical Birth Registry (80 130). Rates of cesarean births (intrapartum and prelabor) were calculated overall and separately for maternal age groups and gestational age groups and by parity. Logit binomial regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for annual change in cesarean birth rates adjusted for maternal characteristics and clinical indication groups.ResultsThe overall CB rate was 15.7% in 1997 and 15.8% in 2015; the CB rate did not change significantly during the study period. The overall CB rate for early‐term deliveries (37‐38 weeks) decreased for multiparas (annual aOR = 0.99 [95% CI = 0.98‐0.99]), and the preterm (<37 weeks) prelabor cesarean rate increased significantly (1.11 [1.09‐1.14]) for both primiparas and multiparas. For multiparas only, the intrapartum CB rate decreased (0.97 [0.97‐0.98]), whereas the prelabor CB rate increased, predominantly for women aged over 35 years (1.03 [1.02‐1.04]). Adjustment for clinical indication groups did not change these results.ConclusionsFindings indicate a rise in prelabor cesarean for preterm births and women aged over 35 years (multiparas only). As adjustment for clinical indications did not affect these results, changes in obstetric practice are more likely to have affected these rate changes rather than changes in clinical indications.
The rise of complement in ANCA-associated vasculitis: from marginal player to target of modern therapy
Authors: Trivioli G , Vaglio A 
Published: September 2020

Summary
The complement system plays a central role in autoimmune diseases, including anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Although complement deposition is scarce in AAV pathological samples, complement activation is required for the development of necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (NCGN) in mouse models of AAV and occurs via the alternative pathway. The anaphylatoxin C5a, produced by the final complement pathway, is determinant to drive the disease in animal models. C5a primes human neutrophils and enhances their activation induced by ANCA; activated neutrophils, in turn, release factors that lead to C5a generation, establishing a self-amplifying loop. C5a is also significantly increased in the serum of AAV patients with active disease compared to those in remission or healthy controls. Inhibition of the C5a receptor with avacopan is an emerging therapy that will probably allow AAV treatment with glucocorticoid-free regimens.
Protease inhibitors elicit anti-inflammatory effects in CF mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa acute lung infection
Authors: Sandri A , Lleo M M , Signoretto C , Boaretti M , Boschi F 
Published: September 2020

Summary
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the major respiratory pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). P. aeruginosa-secreted proteases, in addition to host proteases, degrade lung tissue and interfere with immune processes. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the possible anti-inflammatory effects of protease inhibitors Marimastat and Ilomastat in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infection. Lung infection with the P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain was established in wild-type and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) knock-out C57BL/6 mice expressing a luciferase gene under control of bovine interleukin (IL)-8 promoter. After intratracheal instillation with 150 µM Marimastat and Ilomastat, lung inflammation was monitored by in-vivo bioluminescence imaging and bacterial load in the lungs was assessed. In vitro, the effects of protease inhibitors on PAO1 growth and viability were evaluated. Acute lung infection was established in both wild-type and CFTR knock-out mice. After 24 h, the infection induced IL-8-dependent bioluminescence emission, indicating lung inflammation. In infected mice with ongoing inflammation, intratracheal treatment with 150 µM Marimastat and Ilomastat reduced the bioluminescence signal in comparison to untreated, infected animals. Bacterial load in the lungs was not affected by the treatment, and in vitro the same dose of Marimastat and Ilomastat did not affect PAO1 growth and viability, confirming that these molecules have no additional anti-bacterial activity. Our results show that inhibition of protease activity elicits anti-inflammatory effects in cystic fibrosis (CF) mice with acute P. aeruginosa lung infection. Thus, Marimastat and Ilomastat represent candidate molecules for the treatment of CF patients, encouraging further studies on protease inhibitors and their application in inflammatory diseases.
Conjunctival thickness as a predictive imaging biomarker for the glaucoma filtration surgery outcome: An optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Mastropasqua Leonardo , Brescia Lorenza , Oddone Francesco , Sacchi Matteo , Aloia Raffaella , Totta Michele , Scatena Barbara , Mastropasqua Rodolfo , Agnifili Luca 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImportanceTo analyse the preoperative conjunctival thickness in glaucomatous patients undergoing filtration surgery (FS), using optical coherence tomography (OCT).BackgroundThe conjunctival status represents one of the most critical determinants of the FS outcome.DesignRetrospective study.ParticipantsSixty‐seven patients candidate to FS for uncontrolled glaucoma were enrolled.MethodsOCT was performed at the superior bulbar conjunctiva before FS, and at bleb site at the last follow‐up (LF‐up) after surgery.Main Outcome MeasuresPreoperative full, epithelial, and stromal conjunctival thickness (FCT, CET, CST) and reflectivity (CR), and LF‐up bleb‐wall thickness (BT), reflectivity (BR) and intraocular pressure (IOP), were the major outcomes. The relations between preoperative parameters and LF‐up‐IOP, BT and BR were calculated.ResultsFS was completely successful in 23 patients (group 1), successful with medications in 22 (group 2), and failed in 22 (group 3). FCT, CET and CST were lower, whereas CR higher, in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2 (P < .05); BT was lower (P < .001), whereas BR higher (P < .05) in group 3 compared to group 1. FCT and CST were predictors of FS outcome with lower thickness associated with increased odds of failure (odds ratio 0.922, P = .08; 0.941, P = .025). LF‐up‐IOP inversely correlated with FCT and CST (r = −0.447, P = .003; r = −0.408, P = .007), whereas positively correlated with CR (r = 0.789, P < .001).Conclusions and RelevancePreoperative conjunctival thickness and reflectivity show significant correlations with the FS outcome, both in terms of IOP and bleb‐wall features. Therefore, they may be proposed as predictive imaging biomarkers to estimate the risk of filtration failure.
Two questions may be enough – screening for depression in patients with psoriasis: a multicenter study
Authors: Gerdes Sascha , Wilsmann‐Theis Dagmar , Celis Daniel , Kromer Christian , Mössner Rotraut 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundDepression is frequently underdiagnosed and insufficiently treated in psoriatic patients in their daily routine. The aim of this study was to screen and analyze the impact of patient and disease characteristics on depression scores.Patients and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional multicenter cohort study, adult psoriasis patients were screened for depression with two validated tools: the Whooley questions and the revised Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II).ResultsOverall, 538 patients (median PASI 3.0, mean DLQI 5.3) were screened for depressive symptoms (mean BDI‐II score 8.3). 24.2 % of all participants reached a BDI‐II score ≥ 13, suggesting a depression that was at least mild. The results of the Whooley questions were positive for 28.2 % of the patients. There was a strong correlation between the two tools (p < 0.001). In the subgroup with a BDI‐II score ≥ 13, disease activity (median PASI 3.8 vs. 2.8, p = 0.06) and DLQI scores (mean 10.1 vs. 3.7, p < 0.0001) were higher, and psoriatic arthritis and diabetes were more prevalent (52.6 % vs. 37.8 %, p = 0.002, and 16.2 % vs. 10.0 %, p = 0.04, respectively) than in the subgroup with a BDI‐II score < 13.ConclusionsIn specialized psoriatic outpatient clinics, a BDI‐II score ≥ 13 was present in almost every fourth patient despite a low median PASI. The Whooley questions might be easy to use as a screening tool for depression in psoriasis patients.
The Christology of Veli‐Matti Kärkkäinen re‐visited from the perspective of Scandinavian Creation Theology
Authors: Kristensson Uggla Bengt 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article is a response to Veli‐Matti Kärkkäinen's Christology from the perspective of Scandinavian creation theology. Starting from the identification of a common post‐liberal horizon, together with similar challenges from anti‐liberal theology, the author enters into a critical examination of Kärkkäinen's systematic theology elaborating on the possible contributions from Gustaf Wingren. First, the significance of creation as horizon of understanding for Christology is discussed. Second, the relationship between anthropology and Christology is investigated, with a special focus on theological resources to transcend the dichotomies and the zero‐sum game that places God and humans in opposition as competitors.