bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Originality, Plagiarism, and Posthumous Publication: Grace Gethin’s Reliquiæ Gethinianæ (1699)
Authors: Wilkinson-Turnbull Ben 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article explores early modern ideas of originality by reconsidering the critical treatment of one of the first printed female-authored volumes of essays in English: Grace, Lady Gethin’s Misery’s Virtues Whet-stone. Reliquiæ Gethinianæ (1699). Previous scholars of Gethin’s work have used her unacknowledged intertextual borrowings from writers such as Francis Bacon and Joseph Hall to deride her work as unoriginal, plagiaristic, and uninteresting. By comparing Gethin’s essays to her source texts, this article reads Reliquiæ Gethinianæ’s intertextuality as a revealing insight into practices of commonplacing, the literary tastes of early modern women, and the importance of attending to unexceptional readers. It also attempts to reconstruct the intentions behind newly uncovered post-print editing of Reliquiæ Gethinianæ by Gethin’s mother. Manuscript citations made by Frances, Lady Norton in carefully selected copies of Reliquiæ Gethinianæ demonstrate the complex methods used to cultivate and maintain the integrity of Gethin’s posthumous reputation: highlighting her immersion in prestigious scholarly sources, and tactfully downplaying her reliance on Madeleine de Scudéry’s less reputable epic prose romance Clelia (1654–1660).
Tobacco Necrosis Virus-AC Single Coat Protein Amino Acid Substitutions Determine Host-Specific Systemic Infections of Nicotiana benthamiana and Soybean
Authors: Gao Zongyu , Pu Heng , Liu Jingyuan , Wang Xiaoling , Zhong Chenchen , Yue Ning , Zhang Ziding , Wang Xian-Bing , Han Chenggui , Yu Jialin , Li Dawei , Zhang Yongliang 
Published: September 2020

Plant viruses often infect several distinct host species. Sometimes, viruses can systemically infect a specific host whereas, in other cases, only local infections occur in other species. How viral and host factors interact to determine systemic infections among different hosts is largely unknown, particularly for icosahedral positive-stranded RNA viruses. The Tobacco necrosis virus-A Chinese isolate belongs to the genus Alphanecrovirus in the family Tombusviridae. In this study, we investigated variations in systemic infections of tobacco necrosis virus-AC (TNV-AC) in Nicotiana benthamiana and Glycine max (soybean) by alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the viral coat protein (CP), which is essential for systemic movement of TNV-AC. We found that three amino acids, R169, K177, and Q233, are key residues that mediate varying degrees of systemic infections of N. benthamiana and soybean. Further analysis revealed that variations in systemic trafficking of TNV-AC CP mutants in N. benthamiana and soybean are associated with virion assembly and stability. The CP amino acids K177 and Q233 are highly conserved among all TNV-A isolates and are replaced by Q and K in the TNV-D isolates. We demonstrated that systemic infectivity of either TNV-AC K177A and Q233A or K177Q and Q233K mutants are correlated with the binding affinity of the mutated CPs to the host-specific Hsc70-2 protein. These results expand our understanding of host-dependent long-distance movement of icosahedral viruses in plants. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Molecular Aspects of Plant Growth Promotion and Protection byBacillus subtilis
Authors: Blake Christopher , Christensen Mathilde Nordgaard , Kovács Ákos T. 
Published: September 2020

Bacillus subtilis is one of the most widely studied plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria. It is able to promote plant growth as well as control plant pathogens through diverse mechanisms, including the improvement of nutrient availability and alteration of phytohormone homeostasis as well as the production of antimicrobials and triggering induced systemic resistance, respectively. Even though its benefits for crop production have been recognized and studied extensively under laboratory conditions, the success of its application in fields varies immensely. It is widely accepted that agricultural application of B. subtilis often fails because the bacteria are not able to persist in the rhizosphere. Bacterial colonization of plant roots is a crucial step in the interaction between microbe and plant and seems, therefore, to be of great importance for its growth promotion and biocontrol effects. A successful root colonization depends thereby on both bacterial traits, motility and biofilm formation, as well as on a signal interplay with the plant. This review addresses current knowledge about plant-microbial interactions of the B. subtilis species, including the various mechanisms for supporting plant growth as well as the necessity for the establishment of the relationship.[Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law.
Anteroposterior view of the knee does not reliably replace the lateral view during evaluation of femoral torsion: a case series
Authors: Hadeed Michael M. , Fashandi Ahmad H. , Novicoff Wendy , Yarboro Seth R. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Restoration of anatomic torsion is a critical step in operative fixation of femoral shaft fractures. Several accepted methods use the morphology of the femur to determine torsion. The anteroposterior view of the knee has been used to simplify the procedure, yet this method has not been validated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate native distal femoral and patellar anatomy to compare the reliability of using the anteroposterior view, which includes landmarks outside of the femur, to using the lateral view, which uses only femoral morphology, for establishing appropriate torsion in femoral shaft fractures.

Methods:
Fifteen patients without a history of lower extremity fractures participated. Each participant had anteroposterior and lateral images taken of their femurs. Data were compared between repetitions of a single limb, two legs of a single patients, and between patients. Intrarater and interrater reliability were measured.

Results:
Side-to-side variability in the relative position of the patella to the femur was identified on anteroposterior imaging, with up to 14-degree difference between limbs noted. Overall, strong intraclass reliability and reproducibility of the measurements was achieved.

Conclusions:
The use of anteroposterior imaging alone does not reliably replace the lateral view for evaluation of femoral torsion. Circumstances of erroneous results when using the anteroposterior view were identified. Due to side-to-side differences, the anteroposterior technique cannot be recommended to determine anatomic torsion in femoral shaft fractures. The conventional technique using overlapping posterior condyles on the lateral view of the knee remains an important part of determining femoral torsion.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
The utility of the Charlson Comorbidity Index and modified Frailty Index as quality indicators in total joint arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort review
Authors: Rogozinski Jonathan , Kiskaddon Eric , Flanigan Trenden , Spitz Hunter , Froehle Andrew , Chen Roy , Krishnamurthy Anil 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Total joint arthroplasty continues to burden the United States healthcare system as the population ages. Efforts to reduce costs have focused on quality measures following joint arthroplasty procedures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and modified Frailty Index (mFI) on length of stay (LOS), 90-day return to the operating room, 30-day readmission rates, and emergency department (ED) visits within 30 days of a joint arthroplasty procedure at a Veterans Affairs (VA) Hospital.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty between January 2, 2013 and March 1, 2018 (n=451). Postoperative outcomes were evaluated and compared to preoperative calculated CCI and mFI values. Binomial logistic regression was used to determine the effects of CCI and mFI on each of these outcome measures. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for significant effects (ie, where P≤0.05).

Results:
Higher CCI was associated with LOS greater than one day (odds ration [OR]=1.25) and greater probability of readmission within 30 days (OR=1.4). Higher mFI was related to higher probability of postoperative ED visit (OR=4.95) and readmission rate (OR=10.75).

Conclusions:
Presurgical evaluation utilizing CCI and MFI may better identify those at risk and encourage modified preoperative counseling for these patients. Further study is needed to determine a risk stratification scheme that allows for more accurate prediction of patients who may require more intense hospital-based postoperative care.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Implant prominence and flexor tendon rupture in distal radial fractures using volar locking plate technology: a retrospective chart review
Authors: Ence Andrew K. , Leggett Andrew R. , Ashy Cody C. , Barfield William R. , Angermeier Eric W. , Kokko Kyle P. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Volar locking plate (VLP) fixation, an accepted treatment for distal radial fractures, has the known complication of flexor tendon rupture, theorized to be caused by implant positioning. Although implant position is a suspected risk factor, incidence of tendon rupture may be less than previously reported. This study investigated implant prominence and its relation to tendon rupture.

Methods:
Surgical records of 197 patients who underwent repair of distal radial fractures using VLP fixation between July 2014 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Pre- and postoperative radiographs were used to assign AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) classification and implant prominence using the Soong classification. Chi square and Fisher’s Exact Tests compared Soong groups to fracture classification, hand function, and reoperation. A phone survey was used to determine finger function.

Results:
Eleven patients underwent reoperation, six for tendon irritation with no tendon ruptures. Fracture classification (P=0.601) and Soong grade (P=0.687) showed no difference when compared with reoperation. There was a difference (P=0.039) comparing fracture classification to Soong classification, with higher fracture classification associated with higher Soong classification. No difference (P>0.05) for finger function was found between either group.

Conclusions:
Flexor tendon rupture historically has been linked to VLP fixation in distal radial fractures. This study found tendon rupture was not associated with fracture classification or implant prominence and had a lower incidence than previously reported. Finger function had no relation to fracture classification or implant prominence. This study suggested implant prominence is more likely with increasing fracture complexity with little clinical significance.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV
BEVACIZUMAB FOR POST VITRECTOMY CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA IN A SILICONE OIL–FILLED EYE
Authors: Lambat Sarang P. , Bajoria Sheetal L. , Nangia Vinay B. , Nangia Prabhat V. , Mishra Swati D. , Shah Neha H. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
To report the safety and efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in a case of cystoid macular edema (CME) in a silicone oil–filled eye.

Methods:
A man, aged 51 years, reported with poor visual improvement in the right eye (RE) after pars plana vitrectomy with oil injection performed 2 months back for a pseudophakic, macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. His best-corrected visual acuity in the RE was counting fingers 2 m. Fundus examination of the RE showed a silicone oil–filled eye with attached retina, and CME was confirmed on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. He was advised to undergo IVB injection, which was given a few days later.

Results:
One week after IVB, the central macular thickness had decreased to 437 μm. Seven weeks later, the macular edema subsided completely with a final central macular thickness of 219 μm. His vision improved by seven lines to 6/24 and was stable for another 2 months. He underwent removal of silicone oil after 3 months, wherein his visual acuity improved further by one line to 6/18.

Discussion:
This case demonstrates the use IVB for CME in a silicone oil–filled eye. It was found that IVB was safe and effective in CME associated with a silicone oil–filled eye.
A standalone approach to utilize telomere length measurement as a surveillance tool in oral leukoplakia
Authors: Pal Jagannath , Rajput Yogita , Shrivastava Shruti , Gahine Renuka , Mungutwar Varsha , Sahu Malti , barardiya Tripti , Chandrakar Ankur , R Pinaka Pani , Mishra Shovana S. , Banjara Hansa , Choudhary Vivek , Patra Pradeep K. , Shammas Masood A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is often preceded by white patch, called oral leukoplakia (OL). Assessing relative telomere length (TL) in OL could be a predicting biomarker. Due to high variability and lack of universal reference, there has been a limited translational application of TL. Here, we describe an approach of evaluating TL using paired PBMC as internal reference and demonstrate its translational relevance. Oral brush biopsy and paired venous blood were collected from 50male OL patients and 44male healthy controls. Relative TL was measured by qPCR. TL of each OL sample was normalized to paired PBMC sample (TL ratio). Mean TL ratio in healthy controls with high risk oral habits, was shorter than those who did not have these habits (1.093±0.411 and 1.253±0.296, respectively; p=0.071). In OL patients, the mean TL ratio was not only significantly shorter in the patch but also in distal normal oral tissue (0.971± 0.317, p=0.0002 and0.896±0.284, p=0.00001, respectively), relative to healthy control without high risk oral habit. Based on the TL ratio, we proposed a classification of OL into four subgroups. Dysplastic pathology was frequently associated with a subgroup having normal TL ratio at patch while significantly shorter TL ratio at paired normal distal site. The approach of analyzing TL attrition of oral mucosa, eliminating requirement of external reference DNA, will enable the TL data universally comparable and provide a useful marker to define high risk OL group for follow-up program. Larger studies will further validate the approach and its broader application in other pre-malignant conditions.
Immediate post-operative PDE5i Therapy improves early Erectile Function Outcomes after Robot Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP)
Authors: Nathan A. , Shukla S. , Sinha A. , Sivathasan S. , Rashid A. , Rassam J. , Smart S. , Patel K. , Shah N. , Lamb B.W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess whether the timing of post-operative Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor (PDE5i) therapy after Robot Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP) is associated with a change in early erectile function outcomes. Additionally, to determine whether there are differences in continence or safety outcomes.Subjects/patients and methodsData was prospectively collected from a single surgeon in one tertiary centre and retrospectively evaluated. 158 patients were treated with PDE5i therapy post RARP over a two-year period. PDE5i therapy was started: immediately (day 1-2) post-op in 29%, early (day 3-14) post-op in 37% and late (after day 14) post-op in 34%. EPIC-26 Erectile Function (EF) scores were collected pre-op and post-op with a median follow-up time of 43 days.ResultsThe median age was 64 and the median BMI was 27. 9% of the series had Charlson Co-Morbidities. There were no significant differences in pre-operative characteristics between the therapy groups.Patients that had bilateral nerve sparing had a mean drop in Erectile Function (EF) score by 5.4 compared to 8.8 in the unilateral group. Additionally, 34.9% of bilateral nerve sparing patients returned to baseline compared to 12.1% of unilateral.Drop in EF scores and percentage return to baseline for unilateral nerve sparing was respectively 9 and 11.1% of immediate therapy, 7 and 14.8% of early therapy and 9.7 and 9.5% of late therapy (p=0.9 and p=0.6). For bilateral nerve sparing this was respectively 3.5 and 42.9% immediate therapy, 5.5 and 35.5% early therapy and 7.3 and 25% late therapy (p=0.017 and p=0.045).Pad free and social continence was achieved in 54% and 37% of those receiving immediate therapy, 60% and 33% for early therapy and 26% and 54% for late therapy. There were no differences in compliance, complication or readmission outcomes.ConclusionIn patients with bilateral nerve sparing RARP, immediate post-operative PDE5i therapy may protect EF. Early onset (3-14 days) may also provide a benefit compared to initiating PDE5i therapy later (after 14 days). Expediting therapy for patients undergoing unilateral nerve sparing may also provide a benefit; however, the differences are less pronounced. Immediate or early PDE5i therapy also improved early continence outcomes for patients with bilateral nerve sparing, compared to late therapy. There were no differences in compliance, complication or readmission rates between the groups. Therefore, immediate PDE5i therapy should be considered in patients following nerve sparing RARP in order to maximise functional outcomes, especially in those undergoing bilateral nerve spare.
Improved Sensitivity, Safety, and Rapidity of COVID-19 Tests by Replacing Viral Storage Solution with Lysis Buffer
Authors: Erster Oran , Shkedi Omer , Benedek Gil , Zilber Eyal , Varkovitzky Itay , Shirazi Rachel , Shorka Dorit Oriya , Cohen Yuval , Bar Tzahi , Oikawa Michal Tepperberg , Venkert Dana , Linial Michal , Oiknine-Djian Esther , Mandelboim Michal , Livneh Zvi , Shenhav-Saltzman Gilat , Mendelson Ella , Wolf Dana , Szwarcwort-Cohen Moran , Mor Orna , Lewis Yair , Zeevi Danny 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConducting numerous, rapid, and reliable PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 is essential for our ability to monitor and control the current COVID-19 pandemic.Here, we tested the sensitivity and efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 detection in clinical samples collected directly into a mix of lysis buffer and RNA preservative, thus inactivating the virus immediately after sampling.We tested 79 COVID-19 patients and 20 healthy controls. We collected two samples (nasopharyngeal swabs) from each participant: one swab was inserted into a test tube with Viral Transport Medium (VTM), following the standard guideline used as the recommended method for sample collection; the other swab was inserted into a lysis buffer supplemented with nucleic acid stabilization mix (coined NSLB).We found that RT-qPCR tests of patients were significantly more sensitive with NSLB sampling, reaching detection threshold 2.1±0.6 (Mean±SE) PCR cycles earlier then VTM samples from the same patient. We show that this improvement is most likely since NSLB samples are not diluted in lysis buffer before RNA extraction. Re-extracting RNA from NSLB samples after 72 hours at room temperature did not affect the sensitivity of detection, demonstrating that NSLB allows for long periods of sample preservation without special cooling equipment. We also show that swirling the swab in NSLB and discarding it did not reduce sensitivity compared to retaining the swab in the tube, thus allowing improved automation of COVID-19 tests. Overall, we show that using NSLB instead of VTM can improve the sensitivity, safety, and rapidity of COVID-19 tests at a time most needed.
Telomere length andTERTexpression are associated with age in almond (Prunus dulcis[Mill.] D.A.Webb)
Authors: D’Amico-Willman Katherine M. , Anderson Elizabeth , Gradziel Thomas M. , Fresnedo-Ramírez Jonathan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile it is well known that all organisms age, our understanding of how aging occurs varies dramatically among species. The aging process in perennial plants is not well defined, yet can have implications on production and yield of valuable fruit and nut crops. Almond, a relevant nut crop, exhibits an age-related disorder known as non-infectious bud failure (BF) that affects vegetative bud development, indirectly affecting kernel-yield. This species and disorder present an opportunity to address aging in a commercially-relevant and vegetatively-propagated, perennial crop threatened by an aging-related disorder. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that telomere length and/orTERTexpression can serve as biomarkers of aging in almond using both whole-genome sequencing data and leaf samples collected from distinct age cohorts over a two-year period. To measure telomere lengths, we employed bothin silicoand molecular approaches. We also measured expression ofTERT, a subunit of the enzyme telomerase, which is responsible for maintaining telomere lengths. Results from this work show a marginal but significant association between both telomere length measured by monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR andTERTexpression, and age of almond seedlings. These results suggest that as almonds age,TERTexpression decreases and telomeres shorten. This work provides valuable information on potential biomarkers of perennial plant aging, contributing to our limited knowledge of this process. In addition, translation of this information will provide opportunities to address BF in almond breeding and nursery propagation.
Topological Features of Electroencephalography are Reference-Invariant
Authors: Billings Jacob , Tivadar Ruxandra , Murray Micah M. , Franceschiello Benedetta , Petri Giovanni 
Published: September 2020

AbstractElectroencephalography (EEG) is among the most widely diffused, inexpensive, and applied neuroimaging techniques. Nonetheless, EEG requires measurements against a reference site(s), which is typically chosen by the experimenter, and specific pre-processing steps precede analysis. It is therefore valuable to obtain quantities that are reference-independent and minimally affected by pre-processing choices. Here, we show that the topological structure of embedding spaces, constructed either from multi-channel EEG timeseries or from their temporal structure, are subject-specific and robust to re-referencing and pre-processing pipelines. By contrast, the shape of correlation spaces, that is, discrete spaces where each point represents an electrode and the distance between them that is in turn related to the correlation between the respective timeseries, were neither significantly subject-specific nor robust to changes of reference. Our results suggest that the shape of spaces describing the observed configurations of EEG signals holds information about the individual specificity of the underlying individual’s brain dynamics, and that temporal correlations constrain to a large degree the set of possible dynamics. In turn, these encode the differences between subjects’ space of resting state EEG signals. Finally, our results and proposed methodology provide tools to explore the individual topographical landscapes and how they are explored dynamically. We propose therefore to augment conventional topographic analyses with an additional – topological – level of analysis, and to consider them jointly. More generally, these results provide a roadmap for the incorporation of topological analyses within EEG pipelines.