bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein expression and gene editing in monocots using foxtail mosaic virus vectors
Authors: Mei Yu , Beernink Bliss M. , Ellison Evan E. , Konečná Eva , Neelakandan Anjanasree K. , Voytas Daniel F. , Whitham Steven A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPlant viruses can be engineered to carry sequences that direct silencing of target host genes, expression of heterologous proteins, or editing of host genes. A set of foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV) vectors was developed that can be used for transient gene expression and single guide RNA delivery for Cas9‐mediated gene editing in maize, Setaria viridis, and Nicotiana benthamiana. This was accomplished by duplicating the FoMV capsid protein subgenomic promoter, abolishing the unnecessary open reading frame 5A, and inserting a cloning site containing unique restriction endonuclease cleavage sites immediately after the duplicated promoter. The modified FoMV vectors transiently expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) and bialaphos resistance (BAR) protein in leaves of systemically infected maize seedlings. GFP was detected in epidermal and mesophyll cells by epifluorescence microscopy, and expression was confirmed by Western blot analyses. Plants infected with FoMV carrying the bar gene were temporarily protected from a glufosinate herbicide, and expression was confirmed using a rapid antibody‐based BAR strip test. Expression of these proteins was stabilized by nucleotide substitutions in the sequence of the duplicated promoter region. Single guide RNAs expressed from the duplicated promoter mediated edits in the N. benthamiana Phytoene desaturase gene, the S. viridis Carbonic anhydrase 2 gene, and the maize HKT1 gene encoding a potassium transporter. The efficiency of editing was enhanced in the presence of synergistic viruses and a viral silencing suppressor. This work expands the utility of FoMV for virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS), virus‐mediated overexpression (VOX), and virus‐enabled gene editing (VEdGE) in monocots.
Solubilities of 2,6‐Diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazine‐1‐oxide in the Binary Mixtures of DMSO+H2O, DMF+H2O and NMP+H2O in the Temperature Range from 293.15 to 323.15 K under the Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Wang Yuqiao , Jin Shaohua , Li Tujuan , Lan Guanchao , Zhang Xiaopeng , Zhang Zhengzheng , Zhou Chang , Chen Yu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecrystallization is usually required for the application of 2,6‐Diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazine‐1‐oxide (LLM‐105) as an energy material due to its poor crystal morphology. The study of its solubilities in binary solvent mixtures can provide primary support for optimizing the recrystallization and spheroidization conditions of LLM‐105. In the current work, the solubilities of LLM‐105 in the binary mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)+H2O, N,N‐dimethyl‐formamide (DMF)+H2O and 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) +H2O were measured by the gravimetric method in the temperature range from 293.15 K to 323.15 K under the atmospheric pressure. The results suggest that the solubility of LLM‐105 increases with the increase of temperature and the concentration of the solvent. The experimental data were then fitted with the modified Apelbalt equation, (CNIBS)/Redlich‐Kister equation and Jouyban‐Acree equation. All models fit the experimental data well, indicating that they can be used to predict the solubilities of LLM‐105 in the binary solvent mixtures. The thermodynamic parameters of the dissolution including enthalpy, standard entropy and Gibbs energy were calculated from the experimental data. It was found that the dissolutions of LLM‐105 in all test solvents were endothermic.
Identification of neuromuscular targets for restoration of walking ability after stroke: Precursor to precision rehabilitation
Authors: Hancock Nicola J. , Shepstone Lee , Rowe Philip , Pomeroy Valerie M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesRestoration of walking is a priority for stroke survivors and key target for physical therapies. Upright pedalling (UP) can provide functional walking‐like activity using a variety of muscle synergies; it is unclear which synergies might be most useful for recovery of walking. Objectives here were as follows:

to examine whether neuromuscular measures derived during UP might identify targets for walking rehabilitation after stroke and
to determine test–retest repeatability and concurrent validity of the measures.
DesignThis was a prospective correlational study.SettingThe study was carried out in a movement science laboratory.ParticipantsThe participants were 18 adults with stroke (StrS) and 10 healthy older adults (HOA).Intervention/measurementStrS and HOA took part in two identical measurement sessions. During UP, surface electromyography and kinematic data were recorded and then processed to derive three measures:

reciprocal activity of quadriceps and hamstrings;
percentage muscle activity “on” according to crank angle; and
smoothness of movement.
ResultsHOA and StrS demonstrated differences in reciprocal muscle activity (p = .044) and quadriceps activity according to crank angle (p = .034) but pedalled similarly smoothly (p = .367). For muscle activation according to crank angle in StrS, intraclass correlation coefficients (95% confidence interval) showing acceptable repeatability were 0.46 [0.32, 0.58] affected quadriceps; 0.43 [0.28, 0.56] affected hamstrings; and 0.67 [0.56, 0.75] unaffected quadriceps.ConclusionMuscle activation according to crank angle is a promising measure of lower limb impairment during functional activity after stroke; subsequent investigation should determine magnitude of variance between testing sessions. Reciprocal activity of quadriceps and hamstrings muscles and quadriceps activity according to crank angle are both potential targets for physical therapies to improve motor recovery. Further investigations are warranted.
Cycloxaprid: a novel cis‐nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide to control Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Cui Li , Wang Qiyuan , Wang Qinqin , Wang Li , Yuan Huizhu , Rui Changhui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDBemisia tabaci is a worldwide insect pest with high ability to develop resistance to many insecticides. Cycloxaprid is a novel cis‐configuration neonicotinoid insecticide that is effective against a wide range of imidacloprid‐resistant pests.RESULTSThe lethal and sublethal effects of cycloxaprid on B. tabaci B were estimated. Cycloxaprid showed higher toxicity against adult, nymph and egg of B. tabaci B than imidacloprid. And cycloxaprid provided better efficacies against B. tabaci than imidacloprid in fields. Moreover, cycloxaprid was similarly toxic to the relatively susceptible and imidacloprid‐resistant populations. The LC50 of cycloxaprid against the resistant adult, nymph and egg were 6.2, 11.5 and 111.3 mg L−1, respectively, while they were 5.7, 8.9 and 129.4 mg L−1 for the susceptible population. In addition, when resistant adult of B. tabaci B was treated with LC30 of cycloxaprid (3.2 mg L−1), the net reproductive rate and female ratio of F1 generation B. tabaci were reduced. Moreover, the age‐specific fecundity demonstrated the highest fecundity sharply decreased in cycloxaprid (7.0 offspring/ day) treated group compared with the control (26.0 offspring/ day).CONCLUSIONSOur results indicated that cycloxaprid is a promising insecticide for the management of B. tabaci and insecticide‐induced resurgence might not occur after exposure of B. tabaci to low sublethal concentrations of cycloxaprid. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The improved resistance against gypsy moth in Larix olgensis seedlings exposed to Cd stress association with elemental and chemical defenses
Authors: Jiang Dun , Wang Gui‐rong , Yan Shan‐chun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCadmium (Cd), as an environmental pollutant, can endanger various biological and chemical characteristics of plants in multiple aspects. In this study, the effects of Cd contamination or exposure for 30 and 60 days at 1, 2, 4 mg kg−1 concentrations on the resistance of Larix olgensis seedlings to the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae were investigated.RESULTSOur results showed that Cd stress did not significantly affect the growth and biomass parameters of the larch seedlings, which might be attributed to the scavenging mechanism of reactive oxygen species (e.g. superoxide dismutase and peroxidase). Regarding the phytochemical defense, we found that Cd stress significantly changed the contents or activities of protease inhibitors (such as trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors) and secondary metabolites (tannins and phenolic acids) in L. olgensis seedling needles; however, their response trends varied with Cd exposure concentrations with a significant increase at low concentrations and a significant decrease at high concentrations. Moreover, both chemical and elemental defenses contributed to the resistance of L. olgensis seedlings to the gypsy moth larvae, and their synergistic effects (between toxic elements and organic metabolites) could provide an overall improved defense of L. olgensis seedlings even at low concentrations of single components, resulting in a detrimental effect on the growth of gypsy moth larvae.CONCLUSIONThese findings call for an urgent need to adjust and optimize pest control strategies in heavy metal polluted areas based on the effects of heavy metal stress on woody plant resistance to pest insects. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Tune‐out and magic wavelengths for hydrogenlike and screened‐hydrogenlike atoms
Authors: Wang Yu‐Shu , Kar Sabyasachi , Ho Yew Kam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe tune‐out and magic wavelengths (TMWs) for the hydrogenlike and screened‐hydrogenlike atoms (Z = 1‐8) are calculated using a variational method. The first three tune‐out wavelengths for each of the nS (n = 1, 2, 3) states and the first three magic wavelengths for each of the 1S‐nS (n = 2, 3) transitions of the hydrogenlike atoms in terms of nuclear charge Z, and the first TMWs for the above mentioned states or transitions of the screened‐hydrogenlike atoms in terms of the screening parameter
μ and Z are presented. All the results for the TMWs are reported for the first time in the literature except the magic wavelengths for the hydrogen atom. The magic wavelengths for hydrogen atom are in agreement with the available data. The precise estimation of the TMWs would be helpful for the design of the ion‐trapping experiment of the hydrogenic systems. Our study is expected to be useful for the measurements of the hydrogenic 1S‐2S and 1S‐3S transitions spectroscopy for the improved accuracy.
Mechanism for hydrolysis of double six‐membered ring tetraborate anion
Authors: Zhou Hongxia , Zhu Fayan , Liu Hongyan , Zhang Wenqian , Zhou Yongquan , Fang Chunhui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract[B4O5(OH)42−] is a representative borate anion with a double six‐membered ring structure, but there is limited knowledge about the hydrolysis mechanisms of [B4O5(OH)42−]. Density functional theory‐based calculations show that the tetraborate ion undergoes three‐step hydrolysis to form [B(OH)4−] and an ring intermediate, [B3O2(OH)6−]. Other new structures, such as linear trimer, branched tetraborate, analogous linear tetraborate, are observed, but they are not stable in neutral systems and change to ring structures. [B3O2(OH)6−] hydrolyzes to [B(OH)4−] and [B(OH)3] in the last two steps. The structure of borate anion and the coordination environment of the bridge oxygen atom control the hydrolysis process. [B4O5(OH)42−] always participates in the hydrolysis reaction, even with a decrease in concentration. [B3O3(OH)4−], [B(OH)4−], and [B(OH)3] have different roles in “water‐poor” and “water‐rich” zones. Concentration and pH of solution are the key factors that affect the distribution of borate ions.
Distributed resilient estimation over sensor networks for nonlinear time‐delayed systems with stochastic perturbations
Authors: Han Fei , Ding Derui , Yang Fan , Gao Wei 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the distributed resilient estimation problem for a class of nonlinear time‐delayed systems subject to stochastic perturbations. The plant and the measurements are disturbed by two Gaussian white stochastic processes with known statistical information, respectively. In addition, a resilient estimator is designed for each node by means of the parameter uncertainties and Bernoulli‐distributed random variables. Then, a novel exponential‐bounded performance index is put forward to measure the disturbance rejection level of the distributed estimators against the external disturbances and the impact of the initial values. A new vector dissipation definition including multiple vectors of energy storage functions is established to deal with the time‐delay estimation error dynamics. Within the framework of local performance analysis inspired by this new definition of vector dissipation, sufficient conditions in terms of recursive linear matrix inequalities are constructed for each node to guarantee the desirable performance index. Next, a local optimization problem subject to a set of recursive linear matrix inequalities is presented for each node to minimize the upper bound in the performance index, where the calculations can be conducted on every node in a distributed manner and the estimator gains are also calculated. Finally, an illustrative simulation example is provided to verify the applicability of the proposed estimators.
Identification of Chochukei (Zhang Zhongjing) as the revolutionist of decoctions
Authors: Kawamoto Toshinori , Nishijima Hiroaki , Ohishi Masako , Isuzugawa Kazuto , Furihata Ryuji , Nemoto Yukio 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTAimThis study verifies Chochukei (Zhang Zhongjing) as the revolutionist of decoctions.MethodsWe compared the frequency of decoctions in both the Shokanzatsubyoron (Shanghanzabinglun) and recovered literature from before the Shokanzatsubyoron, furthermore we examined the administrations of pills, powders and decoctions.ResultsConcerning the preparation forms in three recently recovered Chinese pharmaceutical texts dating back to before the later Han, the Gojunibyoho (Wushierbingfang), the Rokujubyoho (Liushibingfang) and the Buikandaiikan (Wuweihandaiyijian), the rate of decoctions was less than 10% in each one. The most frequently used formulas were powders, followed by pills, whereas the basic preparation form in the Shokanzatsubyoron by Chochukei from the end of the later Han was decoctions. Also, decoctions were given at a higher rate in this text, compared to the pharmaceutical literature of later ages. Focusing on the contents of the Shokanzatsubyoron, Chochukei refuted pills and powders, and specified to take decoctions. In addition, a transitional process was taking place from pills and powders to decoctions; the form of decoctions was considered superior, as decoctions realize a maximal therapeutic effect by reducing the burden on patients, allowing many medicines to be taken, and enhancing the strength of the medicinals by taking them warm.ConclusionFrom an examination of the existing pharmaceutical literature, we could establish that Chochukei developed decoctions that abstract the essence from crude drugs by adding water. He recognized that decoctions were more effective than pills and powders, the main medication in earlier times. We deduce that he was the ‘revolutionist of decoctions’ who developed and established the form of decoctions.
Stopover duration of spring migrating dabbling ducks in the Wabash river valley
Authors: Williams Benjamin R. , Benson Thomas J. , Yetter Aaron P. , Lancaster Joseph D. , Hagy Heath M. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTWaterfowl use stopover sites during spring migration to rest and replenish nutrient reserves prior to their arrival on breeding grounds. Estimating the extent to which an individual remains at a stopover site before dispersing (i.e., stopover duration) is essential for managers to develop wetland habitat objectives needed to ensure sufficient resources are available to meet the needs of migrating waterfowl. Our objectives were to determine average stopover duration of dabbling ducks in the Wabash River Valley (WRV) of Illinois and Indiana, USA, identify factors that may influence that duration, and evaluate how those duration values compare with those currently used by the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture (UMRGLRJV). We estimated stopover duration of 39 mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and 62 green‐winged teal (A. crecca) between January and April 2016–2017 in the WRV. Estimated stopover duration for mallards and green‐winged teal was 17.0 days (95% CI = 12.6–22.9). Our estimate is substantially shorter than current estimates used by the UMRGLRJV for conservation planning and could affect conservation objectives for waterfowl. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Immunochromatographic antibody screening for diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi in South Texas meso‐mammals
Authors: Kramm Mathew M. , Montalvo Andrea E. , Parker Israel D. , Lopez Roel R. , Gorchakov Rodeon , Nolan Melissa S. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTAmerican trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) is caused by the flagellated protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), a zoonotic parasite found in meso‐mammal species in South Texas, USA. Chagas disease is of growing concern in vertebrate species, and not well‐understood. Protocols for detection of mammalian T. cruzi infection are available, but have poor specificity and sensitivity and require a secondary disease confirmation assay. The utility of combining an antibody‐based and a DNA‐based assay for simultaneous T. cruzi infection detection has been largely underexplored. Our objectives were to evaluate commercially available single‐use Chembio Diagnostics, Inc. DPP® (Dual Path Platform) immunochromatographic rapid detection assay device for the detection of antibodies to T. cruzi in meso‐mammal species as compared with standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for T. cruzi DNA. In May and June 2016, we tested the device on whole blood serum from 50 meso‐mammals including raccoons (Procyon lotor), Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana), fox squirrels (Sciurus niger), rock squirrels (Otospermophilus variegatus), a striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), a nine‐banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), and a ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) in central Texas. Our results showed the Chembio Diagnostics, Inc. DPP® immunochromatographic rapid detect assay system identified infection in 74% of meso‐mammals that tested positive by PCR. This testing device shows promise as an effective first‐line T. cruzi antibody detection device to mass screen for disease infection in meso‐mammals. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Effects of breeding chronology on white‐tailed deer productivity in Alabama
Authors: Turner Mark A. , Gulsby William D. , Ditchkoff Stephen S. , Gray William N. , Cook Christopher W. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTFollowing declines in white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations during the 19th century, many areas throughout the southeastern United States were restocked from various sources. As a result, some populations remain genetically distinct, and phenotypic traits of source populations, including breeding chronology, have been conserved. For example, average conception dates vary by ≥60 days between populations within some Alabama, USA, counties. Although deer have achieved and maintained sustainable densities across much of the southeastern United States for several decades, it is unclear whether this restocking legacy has demographic consequences relevant to management. Therefore, we analyzed a data set containing information on 270 yearling (1.5 yr old) and 2,116 adult (≥2.5 yr old) female deer collected during 1995–2017 to determine potential effects of breeding chronology on in utero productivity. Parameter estimates from a generalized linear mixed model indicated yearling productivity decreased approximately 16% (95% CL = 0–29%) for each 30‐day increase in mean site‐specific parturition date. We did not observe a similar relationship for adults. We believe the relationships we observed for yearlings may result from an interaction between parturition and plant phenology. Specifically, on sites with relatively late parturition dates, fawns are born near the end of the growing season when suboptimal nutritional conditions may negatively affect productivity during their first year of life. Variation in reproductive output of large ungulates is primarily driven by young females, so managers should be aware that productivity of late‐breeding deer populations may be less than average, especially if those populations are behaving in a density‐dependent manner. In addition, these findings emphasize the importance of considering the potential demographic implications of wildlife translocations resulting from differences in timing of life‐history traits. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
On algebraic trigonometric integro splines
Authors: Eddargani Salah , Lamnii Abdellah , Lamnii Mohamed 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new kind of quadratic approximation operator reproducing of both algebraic and trigonometric functions. It is called integro quadratic splines interpolant, which agree with the given integral values of a univariate real‐valued function over the same intervals, rather than the functional values at the knots. Efficient approximations of fractional integrals and fractional Caputo derivatives based on this interpolant, are constructed and well studied. The general approximation error is studied too, and the super convergence property is also derived when the interval is equally partitioned. Numerical examples illustrate that our method is very effective and our quadratic algebraic trigonometric integro spline has higher approximation ability than others.
All higher-curvature gravities as Generalized quasi-topological gravities
Authors: Bueno Pablo , Cano Pablo A. , Moreno Javier , Murcia Ángel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Generalized quasi-topological gravities (GQTGs) are higher-curvature extensions of Einstein gravity characterized by the existence of non-hairy generalizations of the Schwarzschild black hole which satisfy gttgrr = –1, as well as for having second-order linearized equations around maximally symmetric backgrounds. In this paper we provide strong evidence that any gravitational effective action involving higher-curvature corrections is equivalent, via metric redefinitions, to some GQTG. In the case of theories involving invariants constructed from contractions of the Riemann tensor and the metric, we show this claim to be true as long as (at least) one non-trivial GQTG invariant exists at each order in curvature-and extremely conclusive evidence suggests this is the case in general dimensions. When covariant derivatives of the Riemann tensor are included, the evidence provided is not as definitive, but we still prove the claim explicitly for all theories including up to eight derivatives of the metric as well as for terms involving arbitrary contractions of two covariant derivatives of the Riemann tensor and any number of Riemann tensors. Our results suggest that the physics of generic higher-curvature gravity black holes is captured by their GQTG counterparts, dramatically easier to characterize and universal. As an example, we map the gravity sector of the Type-IIB string theory effective action in AdS5 at order 𝒪 (α′3) to a GQTG and show that the thermodynamic properties of black holes in both frames match.