bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of a nausea and vomiting assessment tool into antineoplastic management of pediatric oncology patients
Authors: McKinnon Krista , Jupp Jennifer 
Published: December 2019

Background Antineoplastic-induced nausea and vomiting (AINV) is a treatment-related issue that can have significant negative influences on the cancer patient’s quality of life. Assessment of nausea is challenging in children as few studies include the perception of nausea as an outcome, and the severity is rarely evaluated with the use of a validated instrument. We describe our experience of integrating an AINV tool into patient care at the Alberta Children’s Hospital. Procedure: The Pediatric Nausea Assessment Tool (PeNAT) was adapted to create a standardized tool that could be used by the clinical pharmacists for AINV assessment. From February to August 2017, 74 patients receiving 217 cycles of highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC or MEC) were eligible to use the AINV tool. Patients that completed the AINV tool were contacted to complete a satisfaction survey. Results AINV tool uptake was low: 47 (22%) eligible chemotherapy cycles utilized the tool (24 (32%) and 23 (16%) cycles of HEC and MEC, respectively, ( p < 0.01)). Ifosfamide-containing cycles received the highest nausea ratings, with nausea severity correlated with agent emetogenicity. Mean nausea rating was 2.07 versus 1.76 for patients receiving HEC or MEC, respectively. Clinical pharmacists performed 1.24 AINV interventions per day. Patient satisfaction with AINV care overall was high; however, 51% of patients indicated that the tool led to no changes in nausea symptoms. Conclusions AINV tool uptake was low with limited value in improving outcomes. Incorporation of nausea assessment into the electronic health record and potential use of a mobile application may improve uptake.
Relationship of Anxiety, Inflammation, and Telomere Length in Postpartum Women: A Pilot Study
Authors: Groer Maureen , Louis-Jacques Adetola , Szalacha Laura , Redwine Laura , Dracxler Roberta , Keefe David 
Published: December 2019

Background: The postpartum period can be a vulnerable time during which many women are prone to mood disturbances. Since telomere length (TL) is known to be associated with dysphoric moods, inflammation, and stress in many populations, this study’s objective was to assess the relationships among TL, dysphoric moods, stress, and inflammation during the postpartum period. Method: This cross-sectional pilot study is a secondary analysis of data collected in a larger parent study of anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme antibody positive versus negative women. The parent study followed selected mothers every month for 6 postpartum months. From this parent study, a random sample of preserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 97 participants collected at 2–4 months postpartum were measured for TL. Data were available on the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), an inflammatory cytokine, in stimulated ex vivo cultures for 59 of these women. Dysphoric moods and stress were measured. Pearson correlations and linear regressions were performed, controlling for postpartum thyroiditis status and age. Results: There were no statistically significant relationships between TL and demographic factors, stress, depression, or TPO status. There were significant negative correlations between TL and anxiety and a trend for a relationship between TL and IL-6 levels. IL-6 levels were significantly, positively associated with negative moods. Conclusions: Higher anxiety scores and inflammation were associated with shorter TL. Inflammation was related to anxiety and other dysphoric moods and was marginally associated with shorter TLs.
Endovascular salvage of non-maturing autogenous arteriovenous fistulas by using angioplasty and competitive vein embolization
Authors: Nauta Lisette , Voorzaat Bram M , Rotmans Joris I , Ghariq Elyas , Urlings Thijs , van der Bogt Koen E A , van der Linden Edwin 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate the maturation and patency rates after endovascular treatment of non-maturing arteriovenous fistulas with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, embolization of competitive veins, or a combination of both in a series of consecutive patients. Material and methods: Retrospective evaluation of patients with non-matured arteriovenous fistulas treated in our hospital was performed. Fistulography and ultrasonography was performed in all patients to evaluate the presence of stenosis and competitive veins. Significant stenoses (> 50%) were treated with balloon angioplasty and competitive veins (accessory and collateral veins) with coil embolization. Results: A total of 78 fistulas were treated. Angioplasty and coil embolization were performed in 73 and 51 patients, respectively. No major complications occurred. In 65 out of 78 arteriovenous fistulas (83%), successful cannulation with two needles was possible after endovascular treatment. Sixty-three arteriovenous fistulas (81%) were used successfully for at least 3 months. Accessory veins were the only lesion present in 14% of the arteriovenous fistulas; coil embolization of these accessory veins resulted in 100% successful maturation. The estimated 3, 6, and 12 months postintervention assisted primary patency rates were, respectively, 73%, 55%, and 45%. The estimated 3, 6, and 12 months postintervention secondary patency rates were, respectively, 81%, 78%, and 73%. Conclusion and discussion: Angioplasty and coil embolization are successful and safe procedures that can convert a non-mature fistula into a mature one in more than 80% of patients. Accessory vein embolization may be more important than collateral vein embolization in the presence of stenosis.
Deletion of haematopoietic Dectin-2 or CARD9 does not protect from atherosclerosis development under hyperglycaemic conditions
Authors: Thiem Kathrin , Hoeke Geerte , Zhou Enchen , Hijmans Anneke , Houben Tom , Boels Margien G , Mol Isabel M , Lutgens Esther , Shiri-Sverdlov Ronit , Bussink Johan , Kanneganti Thirumala D , Boon Mariëtte R , Stienstra Rinke , Tack Cees J , Rensen Patrick CN , Netea Mihai G , Berbée Jimmy FP , van Diepen Janna A 
Published: December 2019

Background: C-type lectin receptors, including Dectin-2, are pattern recognition receptors on monocytes and macrophages that mainly recognize sugars and sugar-like structures present on fungi. Activation of C-type lectin receptors induces downstream CARD9 signalling, leading to the production of cytokines. We hypothesized that under hyperglycaemic conditions, as is the case in diabetes mellitus, glycosylated protein (sugar-like) structures activate C-type lectin receptors, leading to immune cell activation and increased atherosclerosis development. Methods: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice were lethally irradiated and transplanted with bone marrow from control wild-type, Dectin-2−/− or Card9−/− mice. After 6 weeks of recovery, mice received streptozotocin injections (50 mg/g BW; 5 days) to induce hyperglycaemia. After an additional 2 weeks, mice were fed a Western-type diet (0.1% cholesterol) for 10 weeks. Results and Conclusion: Deletion of haematopoietic Dectin-2 reduced the number of circulating Ly6Chi monocytes, increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production, but did not affect atherosclerosis development. Deletion of haematopoietic CARD9 tended to reduce macrophage and collagen content in atherosclerotic lesions, again without influencing the lesion size. Deletion of haematopoietic Dectin-2 did not influence atherosclerosis development under hyperglycaemic conditions, despite some minor effects on inflammation. Deletion of haematopoietic CARD9 induced minor alterations in plaque composition under hyperglycaemic conditions, without affecting lesion size.
Temporal evolution and spatial distribution of quantitative T2 MRI following acute ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Sah Rani Gupta , Nobakht Sama , Rajashekar Deepthi , Mouches Pauline , Forkert Nils D , Sitaram Amith , Tsang Adrian , Hill Michael D , Demchuk Andrew M , d'Esterre Christopher D , Barber Philip A 
Published: December 2019

Background Determining mechanisms of secondary stroke injury related to cerebral blood flow and the severity of microvascular injury contributing to edema and blood-brain barrier breakdown will be critical for the development of adjuvant therapies for revascularization treatment. Aim To characterize the heterogeneity of the ischemic lesion using quantitative T2 imaging along with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) within five hours of treatment. Methods Quantitative T2 magnetic resonance imaging was acquired within 5 h (baseline) and at 24 h (follow-up) of stroke treatment in 29 patients. Dynamic contrast enhanced permeability imaging was performed at baseline in a subgroup of patients. Absolute volume change and lesion percent change was determined for the quantitative T2, DWI, and absolute volume change sequences. A Gaussian process with RRELIEFF feature selection algorithm was used for prediction of relative quantitative T2 and DWI lesion growth, baseline and follow-up quantitative T2/DWI lesion ratios, and also NIHSS at 24 h and change in NIHSS from admission to 24 h. Results In n = 27 patients, median (interquartile range) lesion percent change was 114.8% (48.9%, 259.1%) for quantitative T2, 48.2% (−12.6%, 179.6%) for absolute volume change, and 62.7% (26.3%, 230.9%) for DWI, respectively. Our model, consisting of baseline NIHSS, CT ASPECTS, and systolic blood pressure, showed a strong correlation with quantitative T2 percent change (cross correlation R2 = 0.80). There was a strong predictive ability for quantitative T2/DWI lesion ratio at 24 h using baseline NIHSS and last seen normal to 24 h magnetic resonance imaging time (cross correlation R2 = 0.93). Baseline dynamic contrast enhanced permeability was moderately correlated to the baseline quantitative T2 values (rho = 0.38). Conclusion Quantitative T2 imaging provides critical information for development of therapeutic approaches that could ameliorate microvascular damage during ischemia reperfusion.
Nomenclature and semantic descriptions of ulcerative and inflammatory lesions seen in Crohn’s disease in small bowel capsule endoscopy: An international Delphi consensus statement
Authors: Leenhardt Romain , Buisson Anthony , Bourreille Arnaud , Marteau Philippe , Koulaouzidis Anastasios , Li Cynthia , Keuchel Martin , Rondonotti Emmanuele , Toth Ervin , Plevris John N , Eliakim Rami , Rosa Bruno , Triantafyllou Konstantinos , Elli Luca , Wurm Johansson Gabriele , Panter Simon , Ellul Pierre , Pérez‐Cuadrado Robles Enrique , McNamara Deirdre , Beaumont Hanneke , Spada Cristiano , Cavallaro Flaminia , Cholet Franck , Fernandez‐Urien Sainz Ignacio , Kopylov Uri , McAlindon Mark E , Németh Artur , Tontini Gian Eugenio , Yung Diana E , Niv Yaron , Rahmi Gabriel , Saurin Jean‐Christophe , Dray Xavier 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundIn the medical literature, the nomenclature and descriptions (ND) of small bowel (SB) ulcerative and inflammatory (U‐I) lesions in capsule endoscopy (CE) are scarce and inconsistent. Inter‐observer variability in interpreting these findings remains a major limitation in the assessment of the severity of mucosal lesions, which can impact negatively on clinical care, training and research on SB‐CE.ObjectiveFocusing on SB‐CE in Crohn’s disease (CD), our aim is to establish a consensus on the ND of U‐I lesions.MethodsAn international panel of experienced SB‐CE readers was formed during the 2016 United European Gastroenterology Week meeting. A core group of five CE and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experts established an Internet‐based, three‐round Delphi consensus but did not participate in the voting process. The core group built illustrated questionnaires, including SB‐CE still frames of U‐I lesions from patients with documented CD. Twenty‐seven other experts were asked to rate and comment on the different proposals for the ND of the most frequent SB U‐I lesions. For each round, we used a 6‐point rating scale (varying from ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’). The consensus was reached when at least 80 % of the voting members scored the statement within the ‘agree’ or ‘strongly agree’ categories.ResultsA 100% participation rate was obtained for all the rounds. Consensual ND were reached for the following seven U‐I lesions: aphthoid erosion, deep ulceration, superficial ulceration, stenosis, edema, hyperemia anddenudation.ConclusionConsidering the most frequent SB U‐I lesions seen in CE in CD, a consensual ND was reached by the international group of experts. These descriptions and names are useful not only for daily practice and medical education, but also for medical research.
The future of bronchodilation: looking for new classes of bronchodilators
Authors: Cazzola Mario , Rogliani Paola , Matera Maria Gabriella 
Published: December 2019

Available bronchodilators can satisfy many of the needs of patients suffering from airway disorders, but they often do not relieve symptoms and their long-term use raises safety concerns. Therefore, there is interest in developing new classes that could help to overcome the limits that characterise the existing classes.At least nine potential new classes of bronchodilators have been identified: 1) selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors; 2) bitter-taste receptor agonists; 3) E-prostanoid receptor 4 agonists; 4) Rho kinase inhibitors; 5) calcilytics; 6) agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; 7) agonists of relaxin receptor 1; 8) soluble guanylyl cyclase activators; and 9) pepducins. They are under consideration, but they are mostly in a preclinical phase and, consequently, we still do not know which classes will actually be developed for clinical use and whether it will be proven that a possible clinical benefit outweighs the impact of any adverse effect.It is likely that if developed, these new classes may be a useful addition to, rather than a substitution of, the bronchodilator therapy currently used, in order to achieve further optimisation of bronchodilation.
Moment and shear capacity of Ply-lam composed with plywood and structural timber under out-of-plane bending
Authors: Pang Sung-Jun , Lee Hyeon-Jeong , Yang Seung Min , Kang Seog Goo , Oh Jung-Kwon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the moment and shear capacity of Ply-lam which is composed with plywood and structural timber. The moment and shear capacity of Ply-lam were predicted by using prediction methodologies for typical cross-laminated timber (CLT). The predicted values by the methodologies were verified by comparison with measured capacities. Fifty-eight specimens of Ply-lam (five layers) were manufactured and half of the specimens were tested for bending (span-to-depth ratio ($$R_{\text{sd}} )$$Rsd)was 25:1). The other specimens were tested for rolling shear ($$R_{\text{sd}}$$Rsdwas 12:1) in accordance with EN 16351. The results show that typical prediction methods for structural properties of CLT can also be used to predict those of Ply-lam, since the measured values were higher than the predicted values. In rolling shear test, 52% specimens failed by bending at the bottom layer. This indicates that the rolling shear test method in EN 16351 was not suitable for Ply-lam because the typical CLT would be reinforced by replacing the cross layer with plywood. Thus, the span-to-depth ratio needs to be reduced for hybrid CLT like Ply-lam.
A toolkit to get insights into evolutionary process in the past, presence and future
Authors: Gazda Małgorzata Anna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractI reviewed a book Population Genomics that fills in the noticeable lack of a general introductory textbook to population genomics, one of the most exciting and rapidly developing branches of life sciences nowadays. Highly recommended to everybody willing to broaden knowledge about basics of genomics and get recent exciting insights into many evolutionary questions not possible to be answered before.
Tuberculous scleritis in a young Asian Indian girl—a case presentation and literature review
Authors: Paul Lagan , Agarwal Manisha , Singh Shalini , Katre Prashant , Arora Aman Sumeet 
Published: December 2019

AbstractScleritis is the severe painful inflammation of the sclera, which can be infectious or non-infectious. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the common causes of infectious scleritis. TB, though endemic in countries like India, is rare in pediatric age group. We report a case of a 9-year-old female child who presented with bilateral non-necrotizing anterior scleritis with unilateral posterior scleritis secondary to TB. To our knowledge, this is a rare presentation in pediatric age group, and she is the youngest of few cases of tuberculous posterior scleritis reported in literature.
Metabolic disassembler for understanding and predicting the biosynthetic units of natural products
Authors: Amano Kohei , Matsumoto Tsubasa , Tanaka Kenichi , Funatsu Kimito , Kotera Masaaki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundNatural products are the source of various functional materials such as medicines, and understanding their biosynthetic pathways can provide information that is helpful for their effective production through the synthetic biology approach. A number of studies have aimed to predict biosynthetic pathways from their chemical structures in a retrosynthesis manner; however, sometimes the calculation finishes without reaching the starting material from the target molecule. In order to address this problem, the method to find suitable starting materials is required.ResultsIn this study, we developed a predictive workflow named the Metabolic Disassembler that automatically disassembles the target molecule structure into relevant biosynthetic units (BUs), which are the substructures that correspond to the starting materials in the biosynthesis pathway. This workflow uses a biosynthetic unit library (BUL), which contains starting materials, key intermediates, and their derivatives. We obtained the starting materials from the KEGG PATHWAY database, and 765 BUs were registered in the BUL. We then examined the proposed workflow to optimize the combination of the BUs. To evaluate the performance of the proposed Metabolic Disassembler workflow, we used 943 molecules that are included in the secondary metabolism maps of KEGG PATHWAY. About 95.8% of them (903 molecules) were correctly disassembled by our proposed workflow. For comparison, we also implemented a genetic algorithm-based workflow, and found that the accuracy was only about 52.0%. In addition, for 90.7% of molecules, our workflow finished the calculation within one minute.ConclusionsThe Metabolic Disassembler enabled the effective disassembly of natural products in terms of both correctness and computational time. It also outputs automatically highlighted color-coded substructures corresponding to the BUs to help users understand the calculation results. The users do not have to specify starting molecules in advance, and can input any target molecule, even if it is not in databases. Our workflow will be very useful for understanding and predicting the biosynthesis of natural products.
Hypothesis: protein and RNA attributes are continuously optimized over time
Authors: Cambridge Sidney B. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Little is known why proteins and RNAs exhibit half-lives varying over several magnitudes. Despite many efforts, a conclusive link between half-lives and gene function could not be established suggesting that other determinants may influence these molecular attributes.

Results
Here, I find that with increasing gene age there is a gradual and significant increase of protein and RNA half-lives, protein structure, and other molecular attributes that tend to affect protein abundance. These observations are accommodated in a hypothesis which posits that new genes at ‘birth’ are not optimized and thus their products exhibit low half-lives and less structure but continuous mutagenesis eventually improves these attributes. Thus, the protein and RNA products of the oldest genes obtained their high degrees of stability and structure only after billions of years while the products of younger genes had less time to be optimized and are therefore less stable and structured. Because more stable proteins with lower turnover require less transcription to maintain the same level of abundance, reduced transcription-associated mutagenesis (TAM) would fixate the changes by increasing gene conservation.

Conclusions
Consequently, the currently observed diversity of molecular attributes is a snapshot of gene products being at different stages along their temporal path of optimization.
Pesticide application has little influence on coding and non-coding gene expressions in rice
Authors: Muhammad Sajid , Tan Jingai , Deng Pingchuan , Li Tingting , He Haohua , Bian Jianmin , Wu Liang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Agricultural insects are one of the major threats to crop yield. It is a known fact that pesticide application is an extensive approach to eliminate insect pests, and has severe adverse effects on environment and ecosystem; however, there is lack of knowledge whether it could influence the physiology and metabolic processes in plants.

Results
Here, we systemically analyzed the transcriptomic changes in rice after a spray of two commercial pesticides, Abamectin (ABM) and Thiamethoxam (TXM). We found only a limited number of genes (0.91%) and (1.24%) were altered by ABM and TXM respectively, indicating that these pesticides cannot dramatically affect the performance of rice. Nevertheless, we characterized 1140 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) interacting with 105 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that can be impacted by the two pesticides, suggesting their certain involvement in response to farm chemicals. Moreover, we detected 274 alternative splicing (AS) alterations accompanied by host genes expressions, elucidating a potential role of AS in control of gene transcription during insecticide spraying. Finally, we identified 488 transposons that were significantly changed with pesticides treatment, leading to a variation in adjacent coding or non-coding transcripts.

Conclusion
Altogether, our results provide valuable insights into pest management through appropriate timing and balanced mixture, these pesticides have no harmful effects on crop physiology over sustainable application of field drugs.