bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential DNA Methylation in the Benign and Cancerous Prostate Tissue of African American and European American Men
Authors: Chernoff Meytal , Demanelis Kathryn , Gillard Marc , Delgado Dayana , Gleason Kevin J. , Oliva Meritxell , Chen Lin , Williams Anthony , Szmulewitz Russel Z. , Vander Griend Donald J. , Pierce Brandon L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
African American (AA) men are at increased risk of prostate cancer compared with European American (EA) men. Biological mechanisms, including epigenetics, likely contribute to this disparity, but prior studies have been limited by sample size, candidate gene approaches, or lack of epigenome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) data.

Methods:
To improve our understanding of these mechanisms, we compared DNAm features distinguishing tumor and paired histologically benign tissue from 76 AA and 75 EA patients with prostate cancer. We generated genome-wide array-based DNAm data and conducted differential methylation analyses comparing tumor and benign tissues in each ancestry group. We then examined the predictive ability of our identified sites and differential methylation by ancestry group.

Results:
We identified 90,747 and 98,929 differentially methylated CpGs in AA and EA, respectively, with 76,400 common to both groups. We identified 6,267 genes with differentially methylated promoters common to both ancestries and 639 and 1,301 genes unique to AA and EA respectively, as well as differentially methylated pathways. Only 10 CpGs were needed to distinguish tumor from benign based on a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC &gt; 0.9), with differentially methylated CpGs in one ancestry accurately predicting tumor versus benign in the other group. We also identified ancestry-associated CpGs (89 in tumor, 423 in benign).

Conclusions:
Methylation features distinguishing tumor and benign were similar for EA and AA men; however, subtle differences were identified.

Impact:
Differences in tumor and ancestry-associated CpGs may reveal differential tumor growth strategies, an important area for future disparities research.
Anti-FDX1 Autoantibody as a Potential Biomarker for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Detection
Authors: Li Jing , Cao Xiaobin , Zhang Lulu , Liu Aichen , Liu Siyu , Chen Fengqi , Li Yutong , Ma Hanke , Sun Wenke , Ouyang Songyun , Dai Liping , Liu Jingjing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Autoantibodies can be readily identified prior to biopsy and may serve as valuable biomarkers for cancer detection. Ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) is a key regulator in the process of cuproptosis and affects the prognosis of lung cancer. In this study, we investigated whether the anti-FDX1 autoantibody could serve as a novel biomarker for the detection of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods:
A total of 1,155 plasma samples were divided into the verification and validation groups. The expression levels of the anti-FDX1 autoantibody in 414 patients with NSCLC, 327 patients with benign pulmonary nodules (BPN), and 414 normal controls (NC) were detected using ELISA. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to confirm the ELISA results.

Results:
Plasma anti-FDX1 autoantibody levels were significantly higher in patients with NSCLC than in patients with BPN and NCs in the verification and validation groups. The ELISA results were confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The anti-FDX1 autoantibody distinguished NSCLC from NC and BPN with an AUC (95% confidence interval) of 0.806 (0.772–0.839) and 0.627 (0.584–0.670), respectively.

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrated the potential benefits of the anti-FDX1 autoantibody as a novel biomarker for NSCLC detection.

Impact:
These findings suggested that the anti-FDX1 autoantibody may facilitate the detection of NSCLC.
Lipid‐Lowering Therapy Use When Indicated and Subsequent Ischemic Stroke Severity
Authors: Gordon‐Kundu Barbara , Peyravi Reza , Garg Anisha , Baker Anna , Salas Samantha , Levien Michael , Faridi Kamil F. , de Havenon Adam , Krumholz Harlan M. , Sheth Kevin N. , Forman Rachel , Sharma Richa 
Published: December 2024

Background
Elevated low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol is a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including acute ischemic stroke (AIS), due to large‐ and small‐vessel disease. Cholesterol management guidelines recommend lipid‐lowering therapy (LLT) to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events. This study assessed use of LLT at the time of AIS according to guideline recommendations and determined the association of prestroke LLT use with stroke severity.

Methods and Results

We conducted a retrospective study of patients hospitalized with AIS from 2015 to 2020 at a large academic comprehensive stroke center. Patients with AIS secondary to either small‐vessel disease or large‐artery atherosclerosis recorded in the institutional Get With The Guidelines‐Stroke registry and with a prestroke indication for LLT were included. Using propensity score subclassification, adjusted logistic regression models were built to explore the associations between LLT use before AIS when indicated and presenting National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >4. There were 384 patients with AIS who met guideline‐recommended criteria for prestroke LLT (median age 70 years, 57% men), of whom only 207 patients (54%) were prescribed LLT before AIS. Not being prescribed LLT when indicated was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of a presenting with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >4, even when adjusted for specific stroke cause (odds ratio, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.03–1.20];
P
=0.006).

Conclusions
LLT is underused in patients who present with atherosclerosis‐related AIS. Lack of prestroke LLT use was associated with more severe stroke symptoms upon presentation. These findings emphasize the need to prescribe LLT when indicated, because its use may mitigate poststroke disability.
Knowledge Acquisition and Audience Retention in Stroke Education: Results From a Global Study by the World Stroke Organization
Authors: Dharmakulaseelan Laavanya , Ceci Galanos Laura , Guerrero Rodrigo , Arsovska Anita , Saposnik Gustavo 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
The World Stroke Academy (WSA), the educational platform of the WSO, provides high-quality stroke education to health care professionals worldwide. Understanding the learning needs and preferences of WSA members is crucial for effective knowledge translation. This study aims to (1) assess demographics and professional backgrounds of WSA members, (2) identify preferences in knowledge acquisition, and (3) evaluate audience retention during WSA webinars.

METHODS:

A survey was developed using Qualtrics and distributed via email to all WSA members from May 8 to May 23, 2023. The survey included multiple-choice, rating scale, and ranking questions. Audience retention data were obtained from the latest 6 WSA webinars (May 2023–December 2023). Descriptive variables were reported, and χ
2
analysis and multinomial regression models were used.

RESULTS:
A random sample of 1065 WSO members received the survey; 327 initiated it (participation rate, 30.7%), and 236 completed it (completion rate, 72.2%). The mean age (SD) of participants was 46.7 (±11.6) years; 57.2% identified as male. Most respondents were stroke specialist physicians (65.3%) and were based in Europe (35.2%). Online journal articles represented 41.6% of the total time allocated for stroke education, with 17% allocated to webinars. Social media usage patterns showed X (formerly Twitter) as the top choice (34.7%). Age, profession, and location significantly influenced social media platform use. Audience retention was at 50% at the 57-minute mark and 44.3% at the end of webinars.

CONCLUSIONS:
Tailoring WSA webinar content to meet health care professionals’ needs and enhancing interactive components can improve audience retention. These insights will guide the future development of the WSA portfolio.
Dynamic decision-making in basketball jump shots: exploring parallel processing of shooting and passing
Authors: Wakatsuki Tsubasa , Hibino Tomoya , Hirakawa Takehito , Yamada Norimasa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Previous literature has proposed that parallel processing theories can be used to describe the architecture of human information processing. However, it remains uncertain whether these theories apply to decision-making involving movement effectors. This study conducted a field simulation experiment to replicate a basketball player’s decision to switch from a shoot to a pass during a jump shot. In Experiment 1, which examined the effect of changes in the severity of time constraints on the changes in the switching success rate, we found that shooters can switch from a shoot to a pass, even when temporal limits are exceeded, which supports the application of parallel processing principles to human movement dynamics. In Experiment 2, which confirmed the reflection of parallelism in information systems on the movement effectors, we observed strategies in which players paused their elbow joint angle in mid-air and delayed ball release during goal switches, indicating a parallel processing approach. These results exemplify how humans prepare to make two movements with different goals in parallel, which can be transferred to either movement if the movements are differentiated on the way from a common motion. These findings advance our understanding of how human cognition and motor control are intricately linked. By illustrating how parallel processing underlies flexible motor strategies, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that allow humans to adapt to changing environments and make split-second decisions during complex movements. Furthermore, these insights offer new directions for future research on decision-making models that integrate cognitive processing and motor execution in real-world dynamic contexts, refining our theoretical understanding of human adaptability.
Constructing a Sustainable Just Peace: Post-War Accountability for Russian Atrocities in Ukraine as Tools of Trauma Healing and Conflict Transformation
Authors: Hook Kristina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses the construction and maintenance of a sustainable just peace in a context characterized by Russia’s war of aggression and systematic, widespread atrocity crimes. With Ukraine’s defensive resistance adhering closely to just war traditions, much conflict literature based on intra-state conflict paradigms fails to capture the anomalies of the Russia-Ukraine war, including for post-war accountability issues. In this paper, I argue that acknowledging and addressing Russia’s willful deployment of severe, sustained atrocity crimes as a central military strategy is a necessary precondition for sustainable regional peace and the recovery of global norms. While limited accountability has been suggested as a bargaining chip, such actions would undermine international legal obligations and rights, while failing to address practical realities such as the return of forcibly deported Ukrainian children and adults, without which this war cannot be considered resolved. Drawing from trauma healing, conflict transition, and transitional justice literature, I argue that atrocity crimes accountability should not be conceptualized as a punitive “victor’s peace” condition, but rather a necessary mechanism for ensuring peace through victory in Ukraine, the region, and beyond. To enact such recommendations, I suggest a combined framework of individual perpetrator judicial accountability and State responsibility to incorporate best practices and limit the fallout of judicial accountability limitations.
Debating Clitoridectomy in Victorian England: Sexuality, Knowledge and Consent of the Female Patient in the Male Medical Discourse
Authors: Molinari Véronique 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Clitoridectomy, in the British context, was a relatively short-lived experiment, the telling result of the encounter between gynaecology and alienism that occurred in the mid-nineteenth century. Although the arguments against the practice that were advanced within the medical community have often been interpreted themselves as the expression of a misogynistic medical profession, a more detailed analysis of the correspondence that was published in the bmj and the Lancet at the time, as well as of the debates that took place within the London Obstetric Society, reveal a broad range of arguments and a strong emphasis, in particular, on the issue of informed consent and women’s right to the integrity of their bodies. By examining the debate in its historical context, this paper aims to provide a clearer view of what concurrently led to the dismissal of Isaac Baker Brown from the Obstetric Society and the end of the practice in England.
Life-course perspective on the causal mechanism of social functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorder
Authors: Osicka Dominika A , Hao Jiasi , Tiles-Sar Natalia , Ali Mariam P , Bruggeman Richard , van der Meer Lisette , Alizadeh Behrooz Z 
Published: December 2024

Background: Due to prior emphasis on clinical recovery in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder (SSD), improving social functioning (SF) was oftentimes neglected, with ⩽15% of patients achieving social recovery. Priorly, we and others have shown that life-course factors, including childhood adversities, play a role in the occurrence and severity of postmorbid SF impairments, highlighting the need to understand these factors for effective interventions. Aim: This study investigates the mechanisms influencing SF in SSD and examines the causal roles of childhood trauma, premorbid adjustment, perceived stigma, self-esteem, and quality of life. Methods: This longitudinal study utilized data of 1,057 SSD patients, with measures at baseline, 3 and 6-year follow-up, from the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis cohort, to unravel the causal mechanism underlying SF utilizing Structural Equation Modeling. Determinants were assessed using validated retrospective and self-report questionnaires. Model development and testing involved a multistage process, encompassing relationships exploration, fit evaluation and model comparison. Results: We developed a probable causal model. Impaired premorbid adjustment emerged as a crucial factor, exerting negative influence on long-term SF, with a direct effect of β = −.252, p < .001 on SF at 3-year follow-up and β = −.056, p = .073 at 6-year follow-up. Childhood trauma exhibited a negative direct effect on SF at 3-year follow-up (β = −.087, p = .039), while demonstrating a substantial carry-over, indirect effect. Elevated perceived stigma negatively affected SF at 3-year follow-up (β = −.112, p = .008). The model explained 9.9% of SF variation at the 3-year follow-up and 54.3% at the 6-year follow-up. Conclusions: While validation is necessary, we found a foundational basis for causal interpretation. Premorbid adjustment, childhood trauma, and perceived stigma are essential life-course factors shaping postmorbid SF in SSD. We recommend interventions covering both prevention and treatment for individuals with established symptoms—addressing childhood trauma, premorbid adjustment, and perceived stigma—to enhance long-term social outcomes and offer actionable insights for clinicians.
Resilience of young adults in Korea: Navigating the impact of collective trauma and anxiety
Authors: Jung Jeesoo , Shin Jiyun , Lee Wonhyung 
Published: December 2024

Background Amidst increasing occurrences of disasters and traumatic events, there is growing concern about the declining mental health of young adults, who are facing rising societal pressures and uncertainty about their futures. Aims: This study investigates the interplay between collective trauma, anxiety, and resilience among young adults in the Korean context. Based on survey data collected in 2023 from 323 Korean young adults aged 18 to 34 years, a multiple linear regression and independent t-tests were used to examine their experiences of collective trauma, collective anxiety, and resilience, taking gender differences into account. Results Collective anxiety was associated with resilience, but collective trauma was not. Gender differences were observed: competition- and security-related anxiety, education, and income were positively associated with resilience only for men, while fairness-related anxiety was negatively associated only with women’s resilience. Adaptation-related anxiety was a significant factor for both groups. Discussion/Conclusion: Certain types of collective anxiety and socioeconomic status may act as protective factors against trauma. Gender should be considered when designing mental health assessments and services for young adults to address the unique needs and challenges in building resilience and managing anxiety.
Eight year results of patients with varicose vein underwent endovenous occlusion using n-butyl cyanoacrylate
Authors: Yasim Alptekin , Eroglu Erdinc , Acipayam Mehmet , Ari Murat 
Published: December 2024

Objective To present the 8-year results of 180 patients on whom we performed endovenous occlusion using N-butyl cyanoacrylate in 2014. Methods We have previously published the 30-month results for 168 patients available for follow-up. Thirteen more patients were lost to follow-up in the 8-year research period. The remaining 155 patients underwent clinical examinations and their Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) values were recorded. Doppler ultrasonography was performed, and whether the saphenous vein was occluded, or whether partial or complete recanalization were present was evaluated. Results The mean age of the 155 patients we were able to follow-up was 47.4 ± 11.8 years. Sixty-eight of the patients were men, and 87 were women. Mean VCSS scores were 10.2 before the procedure, 2.7 at 30 months, and 2.6 ± 0.7 at 8 years. Complete recanalization was observed in seven patients over the 8 years, and partial recanalization in six. Occlusion rates were 94.1% at 30 months and 91.7% at 8 years. Conclusion The long-term results of the use of N-butyl cyanoacrylate in the treatment of patients with varices are highly satisfying in terms of a high ablation rate.
Examining Changes in Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, Secondary Traumatic Stress and Work-Related Quality-of-Life of Rural Surgical and Obstetrical Nurses in British Columbia During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Stoll Kathrin , Treissman Jenna , Av-Gay Gal , Kornelsen Jude 
Published: December 2024

Background This survey of rural nurses’ experiences is part of a program evaluation of the Rural Surgical and Obstetrical Networks (RSON), a five-year initiative (2018–2023) to strengthen and stabilize rural hospitals in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Purpose Our aim was to measure changes in professional and work-related quality-of-life of rural surgical and obstetrical nurses in eight communities across BC and determine if the RSON initiative mitigated impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses’ quality of life. Methods This longitudinal evaluation was administered via online surveys in 2021 and 2023. Work-related quality of life was measured with 23 items that assess job satisfaction, general wellbeing, work-life balance, stress level experienced at work, control, and working conditions. Professional quality of life was measured along three dimensions: compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout, and secondary traumatic stress (STS) (10 items each). Responses were linked by code and changes in quality of life were analyzed using paired Student's t-test. Results 107 nurses participated at time 1 and 28 at time 2. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress scores at time 1 were lower among older nurses and those with children. Over the two-year period (2021 to 2023), significant increases were observed in burnout ( p < 0.001), and secondary traumatic stress ( p = 0.04), while work-related Quality-of-Life decreased significantly ( p = 0.04). Compassion satisfaction decreased over time, though not statistically significant. Conclusions While the RSON initiative could not mitigate decreases in professional and work-related quality-of-life during COVID-19, it offered opportunities for clinical education and professional development among rural nurses.
Adapting Advance Care Planning Interventions for Hispanic Communities Across the U.S.
Authors: Costigan Heather J. , VanDyke Erika , Calo William A. , Tucci Amy , Van Scoy Lauren J. ,   The Project Talk Trial Collaborative Working Group Members
Published: December 2024

Context Health inequities in Hispanic populations require community-engaged solutions. Engaging Hispanic communities in research related to advance care planning (ACP) is critical to inform the development and evaluation of culturally appropriate interventions. Objectives To understand how to best adapt and implement Spanish-language ACP interventions in Hispanic communities across the US. Methods We apply the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications to Evidence-based Interventions (FRAME) to detail experiences during implementation of the national Project Talk Trial (PTT) that delivers two ACP interventions using a community-based delivery model. Semi-structured interviews with Hispanic community event hosts and research assistants (RAs) were conducted to explore challenges and solutions to implementation. Thematic analysis was applied to transcripts. Results Three themes from the community hosts (n = 9) were: (1) certified translation professional services were inadequate to successfully adapt interventions for diverse Hispanic communities; (2) a lack of Spanish-speaking RAs undermined the intention to address health inequities in the research; and (3) cultural norms, such as RSVP systems, differ in Hispanic populations. Themes from the RA interviews (n = 7) include: (1) discomfort with being unable to communicate appropriately with the research participants; and (2) improved connection and event flow when bilingual RAs attended events. Conclusion Our work highlights the value of a strong community-based delivery model, attention to local dialects and cultural nuances, the need for Spanish-speaking workforce and for balancing fidelity across national sites with adaptability when conducting rigorous research. Trial registered The trial titled “Engaging underserved communities in end-of-life conversations: a cluster, randomized controlled trial” is registered at clinicaltrials.gov [ NCT04612738 ].