bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Activities of Natural Abietane Diterpenoids with Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Topçu Gülaçtı , Akdemir Atilla , Kolak Ufuk , Öztürk Mehmet , Boğa Mehmet , Bahadori Fatemeh , Çakmar Seda Damla Hatipoğlu 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent causes of dementia in
the world, and no drugs available that can provide a complete cure. Cholinergic neurons of the cerebral
cortex of AD patients are lost due to increased activity of cholinesterase enzymes.

Objectives:
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) are the two major classes
of cholinesterases in the mammalian brain. The involvement of oxidative stress in the progression of
AD is known. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine strong ChE inhibitors with anti-oxidant
activity.

Methods:
In this study, 41 abietane diterpenoids have been assayed for antioxidant and anticholinesterase
(both for AChE and BuChE) properties in vitro, which were previously isolated from Salvia
species, and structurally determined by spectroscopic methods, particularly intensive 1D- and 2DNMR
and mass experiments. Molecular modeling studies were performed to rationalize the in vitro
ChE inhibitory activity of several abietane diterpenoids compared with galantamine.

Results:
Thirteen out of the tested 41 abietane diterpenoids exhibited at least 50% inhibition on either
AChE or BuChE. The strongest inhibitory activity was obtained for Bractealine against BuChE
(3.43 μM) and AChE (33.21 μM) while the most selective ligand was found to be Hypargenin E
against BuChE enzyme (6.93 μM). A full correlation was not found between anticholinesterase and
antioxidant activities. The results obtained from molecular modelling studies of Hypargenin E and
Bractealine on AChE and BuChE were found to be in accordance with the in vitro anti-cholinesterase
activity tests.

Conclusion:
Abietane diterpenoids are promising molecules for the treatment of mild-moderate AD.
Overexpression of p62 Induces Autophagy and Promotes Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells through Promoting ERK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wu Qiong , Xiang Manlin , Wang Kun , Chen Zhen , Long Lu , Tao Ya , Liang Yunlai , Yan Yahui , Xiao Zhiqiang , Qiu Shiyang , Yi Bin 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Increasing evidence has shown that p62 plays an important role in tumorigenesis.
However, relatively little is known about the association between p62 and tumor invasion
and metastasis; in addition, its role in NPC (nasopharyngeal carcinoma, NPC) has been rarely investigated.

Objective:
To investigate the effect of p62 on tumorigenesis and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Methods:
Western blotting, immunofluorescent staining and immunohistochemistry were used to
evaluate p62 protein expression. Subsequently, cell viability, colony formation, migration, invasion
and autophagy assays were performed. anti-p62 autoantibodies in sera were detected by ELISA.
These data were correlated with clinicopathological parameters.

Results:
We confirmed that p62 was significantly up-regulated in NPC tissues. Furthermore, high
expression of p62 was observed in NPC cell lines, and especially in the highly metastatic 5-8F cells.
In vitro, down-regulation of p62 inhibited proliferation, clone forming ability, autophagy, migration,
and invasion in 5-8F cells, whereas p62 overexpression resulted in the opposite effects in 6-10B
cells. Moreover, we confirmed that p62 promotes NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by
activating ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase, ERK). Clinical analysis indicated that high
p62 expression correlates with lymph node and distant metastasis (P<0.05). Serum anti-p62 autoantibodies
were increased in NPC patients and levels were associated with metastasis.

Conclusion :
Our data establish p62 targeting ERK as potential determinant in the NPC, which supplies
a new pathway to treat NPC. Furthermore, p62 is a potential biomarker which might be closely
related to the tumorigenesis and metastasis in NPC.
The Effect of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Extract on the Uptake of 99mTc Labeled Paclitaxel: In Vitro Monitoring in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Kilcar Ayfer Y. , Yildiz Onur , Dogan Tansu , Sulu Ezgi , Takan Gokhan , Muftuler Fazilet Z.B. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Bitter Melon Extract (BME) is widely used for the treatment of various diseases
worldwide due to its rich phytochemical and antioxidant content. The well-known anti-cancer drug Paclitaxel
(PAC) plays a major role in the treatment of various cancer types such as ovarian, breast, and lung cancer.
Technetium-99m (99mTc) radiolabeled paclitaxel is emerging as an imaging probe for breast cancer in vivo. 99mTc
labeled compounds have been attracting more scientific attention since the achievement of earlier researches in
Nuclear Medicine. People consume several types of diets of plant origin without knowing the interaction with
radiolabeled compounds or radiopharmaceuticals.

Objectives:
In the current study, we aimed to monitor the potential effects of the BME on the uptake of 99mTc
labeled Paclitaxel (99mTc-PAC) against MCF-7 (ER+) and MDA-MB-231 (ER-) cell lines by using in vitro
methods.

Methods:
BME was obtained by the extraction of BM seeds by 80% ethanol. PAC was labeled with 99mTc by
stannous chloride (SnCl2) as a reducing agent. Cytotoxicity and incorporation assays were performed on MCF-7
and MDA-MB-231 cells within the cell culture studies.

Results:
The uptake value of 99mTc-PAC on MCF-7 cells at 240 minutes was 6.20% and BME treated 99mTc-
PAC value was 17.39%.

Conclusion:
It is observed that BME treatment has a significant effect on the uptake of 99mTc-PAC on MCF-7
cells which is a known estrogen receptor-positive breast carcinoma cell line. It is concluded that this effect could
be due to the estrogen receptor-dependent interaction of BME.
A Review of Multi Agent-based Production Scheduling in Manufacturing System
Authors: Shukla Om Ji , Soni Gunjan , Kumar Rajesh , Ahluwalia Rashpal S. 
Published: April 2020

Backgrounds:
The manufacturing sector has seen dynamic changes during the
last few years, namely the move from product-oriented local economy to customer-driven
global economy. In this environment, manufacturing systems have been required to deliver
highly flexible, demand-driven and customized products. Hence, multi agent system (MAS)
technology can play an important role in making highly responsive production scheduling
systems in order to meet dynamic and uncertain changes in demand.

Methods:
This paper
offers a review of MAS for production scheduling problems in manufacturing systems. The
objective of the paper is twofold. First, it describes traditional and MAS based approaches
for different production scheduling problems and presents advantages of MAS over
traditional approaches. Second, it aims to review different MAS platforms and evaluate
some key issues involved in MAS based production scheduling.

Results:
A variety of
different MAS applications in production scheduling is reviewed in four categories of key
issues: agent encapsulation, agent organization, agent coordination & negotiation and agent
learning.

Conclusion:
Finally, this review presents a conceptual framework to implement
MAS in production scheduling and also highlights the future research opportunities as well
as challenges.
O STATVS JURÍDICO SVI GENERIS DOS ANIMAIS NO CORPVS IVRIS CIVILIS
Authors: GORDILHO Heron José de Santana , SANTOS JÚNIOR Cristóvão José dos 
Published: April 2020

RESUMOEste artigo utiliza o método hermenêutico visando traduzir e interpretar o sentido correto do status jurídico dos animais na tradição do Direito Romano a partir das Institutiones do Corpus Iuris Ciuilis. Dessa forma, o artigo questiona a tradicional e reducionista visão de a tradição do Direito Romano sempre considera os animais como coisa. Inicialmente, o artigo faz um breve resumo histórico do Direito Romano à época da criação da obra justinianeia. Em seguida, promove uma tradução de trechos das Institutas que fazem referência aos animais diretamente de uma versão em Latim do romanista alemão Paulus Krueger, momento em que são explicitados traços que indicam que os animais gozavam de um status jurídico singular nas Institutiones. Por fim, constata que existe uma diferença de tratamento entre os animais naquele documento, em decorrência da própria animalidade e da vontade dos animais, que são classificados segundo diferentes critérios, tais como natureza e hábito, que ensejam diferentes categorias, uma vez que os animais possuem direitos derivados do ius naturale. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Institutas; Justiniano; Animais; Res; Coisa. ABSTRACTIt is studied the animal’s legal status in the Corpus Iuris Ciulis Institutiones. Therefore, it is questioned the traditional and reductionist way of thinking that identifies those being simply as things, evidencing clues to sui generis character, through a rereading of the Institutes. To such end, the required Roman Law's history to understand Justinian's work is retrieved. Then, a translation proposition for Institutes' parts which have any animal reference is presented, at which point are shown plentiful of signs that point to a singular law condition. It is realized, upon that, a difference in treatment based on animals' own animality and will, distinguished and classified according to different standards, such as nature and habits, like the categories of domestic, wild, domesticated, and non-domesticated animals. Therefore, clues that disclose acknowledgment of animals' sentience and that these beings truly had right derived from ius naturale are revealed.KEYWORDS: Institutes; Justinian; Animals; Res; Thing.
Current and Future Trends in Life Sciences Training: Questionnaire Study
Authors: Magagna William , Wang Nicole , Peck Kyle 
Published: April 2020

Background
Every year, the life science field spends billions of dollars on educational activities worldwide. The continuing professional development of employees, especially in this field, encompasses great challenges. Emerging technologies appear to offer opportunity, but relatively little research has been done on the effectiveness of pedagogies and tools that have been used in the life sciences, and even less research has been devoted to understanding the potential power of emerging options that might determine the field’s future.

Objective
In collaboration with the Life Sciences Trainers & Educators Network (LTEN), this study investigated the current state of the pedagogies and tools currently adopted by corporate training professionals in the life sciences as well as the professionals’ perceptions of the impacts of emerging technologies on training.

Methods
This study adopted a mixed methods approach that included a survey and a follow-up interview. The survey consists of 18 broad questions with 15 subquestions in each of the five specific sectors of the life sciences field. Interviews were conducted by phone and lasted approximately 40 minutes, covering 18 questions designed to follow-up on findings from the survey items.

Results
Both survey and interview results indicated that the professionals were not satisfied with the status quo and that training and education in this field need to change. Most of the techniques and tools currently used have been used for some time. The professionals surveyed were not satisfied with the current techniques and tools and did not find them cost-effective. In addition, the respondents pictured the future of training in this field to be more engaging and effective.

Conclusions
This is the first study in a series designed to better understand education and training in the life sciences on a macro level, in order to build a foundation for progress and evolution of the future landscape. Next steps involve developing strategies for how to extend this vision throughout individual organizations.
¿A donde va la política monetaria desde la crisis financiera global y qué debe hacerse?
Authors: Seccareccia Mario 
Published: April 2020

<p>La banca central contemporánea está evolucionando lentamente con un número creciente de líderes políticos que exigen que las autoridades monetarias abandonen el mandato de un solo objetivo de combatir únicamente la inflación. Desde la crisis financiera mundial, los formuladores de políticas están considerando un compromiso de objetivos múltiples que incluiría no solo la preocupación por la inflación a medida que se puso de moda desde la década de 1990. Los bancos centrales también deberían tener debidamente en cuenta el problema del desempleo y la distribución del ingreso, así como otras preocupaciones, en su establecimiento de tasas de interés. El artículo analiza la experiencia canadiense, como estudio de caso, para mostrar cómo los regímenes de metas de inflación simplemente persiguen un tipo distinto de política de ingresos con un sesgo implícito de distribución del ingreso contra el ingreso laboral. El artículo también analiza marcos alternativos de política monetaria con reglas precisas de operación de tasas de interés cuyo enfoque sería preservar un objetivo de distribución de ingresos en lugar de una meta de inflación.</p><p><strong><em>JEL Codes</em></strong>: E52, E58, E63, E64</p><div><br clear="all" /><div><p> </p></div></div>
Bolivianización, causas y mecanismos de propagación en el rescate de la soberanía monetaria
Authors: Mendoza Hernández Antonio 
Published: April 2020

<p>El 10 de noviembre del año 2019 tuvo lugar un golpe de Estado en Bolivia imponiendo un gobierno de facto con base en los mandos militar y policial que amenaza la continuidad de un modelo económico que inició en 2006 y se le atribuyen 14 años de un Estado soberano y económicamente fuerte que recobro la soberanía monetaria para ese país. Hasta el 2005 Bolivia era una economía con dolarización de facto: el dólar era utilizado en Bolivia como unidad de cuenta, depósito de valor y medio de intercambio. Durante los años ochenta y noventa del siglo pasado, los niveles de dolarización financiera alcanzaban el 80% y 90% para depósitos y créditos, respectivamente. Condición que se mantenía hasta mediados de la primera década del siglo XXI. Bolivia era uno de los países más dolarizados del mundo. Desde 2006 se implementaron una serie de políticas dirigidas a la creación de mecanismos que promovían un mayor uso de la moneda nacional, repercutiendo positivamente en la recuperación de las funciones del peso boliviano. Se define como bolivianización (desdolarización) al proceso paulatino, gradual y de largo plazo mediante el cual la moneda nacional recobra en mayor grado las funciones convencionales del dinero, lo anterior como la causa básica para rescatar la soberanía monetaria, mientras que los mecanismos de propagación se encuentran en el comportamiento de los créditos y depósitos.</p><div><div><p> </p></div></div>
Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Edible Lichen
Authors: Murugesan Priya 
Published: April 2020

Lichens are composite organisms consisting of a symbiotic association of a fungus (the mycobiont) with a photosynthetic partner (the phytobiont), usually either a green alga or cyanobacterium. The morphology, physiology and biochemistry of lichens are very different from those of the isolated fungus and alga in culture. Lichens occur in some of the most extreme environments on the Earth and may be useful to scientists in many commercial applications. Antibacterial, antifungal and phytochemical analysis of edible lichen, (Platismatia glauca) was studied in this work.
Keywords: Edible Lichen, Platismatia glauca, secondary metabolites, antimicrobial
Polyphenolic content, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory activities of Melon (Cucumis melo L. var. inodorus) Seeds
Authors: Bouaziz Amel , Djidel Saliha , Bentaher Assia , Khennouf Seddik 
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to estimate the content of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins compounds and to evaluate the antioxidant activity and the in vitro anti-inflammatory of the ethanolic extract of melon (Cucumis melo L. var inodorus) seeds. The Folin-Ciocalteau and AlCl3 methods were applied in order to quantify the polyphenolic and flavonoids contents, respectively. However, DPPH and β-carotene bleaching method were applied to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity. The polyphenolic and flavonoids contents of seeds extract were found to be 37,10 ± 1,11 mg GAE/g of dry extract and 0,43 ± 0,27 mg QE/ g of dry extract, respectively. Whereas the amount of tannins was 48, 30 ± 0,90 mg TAE/ g of dry extract. The scavenger effect of seeds extract against DPPH radicals showed IC50 value of 4,13 ± 0,07 mg/ ml. The β-carotene bleaching assay indicated a strong inhibition percentage of the lipid peroxidation with value of 69,47 %. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the inhibition of proteins denaturation revealed that the seeds extract had a moderate anti-inflammatory activity which is estimated at 49,09 % compared to the aspirin (97,73 %) at 1 mg/ ml. Finally, melon seeds may be considered as a promising source of natural antioxidants which possess remarkable therapeutic action as inflammatory activity and may serve as food ingredients.
Keywords: Cucumis melo var. inodorus, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Tannins, Oxidative stress, Anti-inflammatory activity.
THE The Effect of Green Tea Infusion (Camellia sinensis) on Histopathology of White Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Liver Sprague dawley Strain Induced by Ethanol
Authors: Muhartono Muhartono , Salsabila Nabilah Amirah , Ayu Putu Ristyaning 
Published: April 2020

Aims: This research aims to determine the effect of green tea infusion (Camellia sinensis) on the hitopathology of white rat liver induced by ethanol.
Method: This study used 30 rats divided into 5 groups as follow negative control group (K1) given aquades, positive control group (K2) given 20% 2 mL/day peroral, treatment group 1, 2, 3 (P1, P2, P3) given 20% ethanol 2 mL/day peroral followed by green tea infusion with doses 0,375 g/day, 0,75 g/day, and 1,5 g/day single dose per oral for 14 days. The the liver of the rat is taken for microscopic examination. The mean Manja Roenigk scores obtained were K1=1,16, K2=3,36, P1=2,8, P2=2,68, and P3=2,56. Data were tested with the Kruskal-wallis test followed by Mann whitney’s post hoc test.
Results: The results showed a significant mean difference between positive group (K2) and the treatment group P1, P2, and P3. There is no significant mean difference between P1-P2, P1-P3, and P2-P3 which means giving green tea infusion (Cameliia sinensis) in P2 and P3 gave almost the same effect as P1.
Conclusion: There is an effect of giving green tea infusion (Camellia sinensis) to the histopathology of white rat liver induced by ethanol.
Keywords: antioxidants, ethanol, green tea infusion, liver histopathology.
Simulações para produzir soja de forma sustentável na região do Matopiba
Authors: Feitosa Milena Monteiro , Lemos José de Jesus Sousa , Campos Kilmer Coelho 
Published: April 2020

A produção de soja avança significativamente a partir dos anos noventa na região do MATOPIBA, composta pelos Estados do Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí e Bahia. Este trabalho objetiva simular a capacidade de produzir soja de forma sustentável naquela região, sem que novas áreas sejam desmatadas e tampouco avancem sobre as áreas destinadas à produção dos agricultores familiares. Utilizam-se dados da Produção Agrícola Municipal do IBGE no período de 1990 a 2016. Elaboram-se simulações em que se impuseram limites máximos para as áreas a serem colhidas com soja nos estados, de tal sorte que não avancem sobre aquelas dos agricultores familiares e não ultrapassem um valor teto simulado. Impõe-se assim que o crescimento da produção de soja na região, a partir daquelas áreas superiores, aconteça apenas via crescimento da produtividade por hectare. Cria-se o índice de sustentabilidade (ISUS) usando método de análise fatorial com a técnica de decomposição em componentes principais. Testam-se as diferentes simulações de respostas entre os diferentes estados no que se refere aos valores médios do ISUS e simula-se a sua provável taxa de crescimento no período investigado que foi de 1990 a 2016. Os resultados obtidos mostram ser possível produzir soja nessa região, com TGC positivas, sem que se avance em áreas ainda não desmatadas e/ou ocupadas pelos agricultores familiares. Isso é possível porque as produtividades que permitem obter esses resultados foram observadas nos estados nos anos que compõem a série histórica analisada. Conclusão geral da pesquisa: é possível cultivar soja de forma sustentável na região do MATOPIBA.
Palavras-Chave: Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável. Agricultura Familiar. Modernização agrícola. Preservação ambiental.
pêssegos não caem do céu
Authors: Severo Patrícia Schneider , Dos Anjos Flávio Sacco , Silva Fernanda Novo da 
Published: April 2020

Um dos traços fundamentais que definem a agricultura familiar é a centralidade do trabalho doméstico nos processos produtivos. Todavia, claras são as evidências de que as mutações demográficas, sobretudo o processo de envelhecimento da força de trabalho rural, trazem consigo uma série de desdobramentos sobre o modo como operam hoje tais explorações, ameaçando sua continuidade. Esse fenômeno impacta fortemente os estados meridionais do Brasil, especialmente o Rio Grande do Sul. É no extremo sul gaúcho que a cultura do pêssego foi implantada no século XIX por imigrantes europeus, a qual é majoritariamente conduzida em explorações familiares. A produção tanto pode ser destinada para fabricação de compotas como para o consumo in natura. Trata-se de cultivo que ocupa um grande número de trabalhadores externos (safristas) nas operações de poda, raleio e especialmente colheita. Não obstante, nos últimos anos há um flagrante descenso na disponibilidade dessa mão de obra rural por conta das transformações gerais que incidem sobre o campo. O objetivo central desse artigo é analisar as relações de trabalho tecidas entre produtores familiares e os trabalhadores empregados durante o ciclo do pêssego. A investigação envolveu a realização de vinte entrevistas em profundidade e de outras técnicas de pesquisa. O estudo trouxe à luz a invisibilidade das relações tecidas entre produtores e a força de trabalho empregada durante o ciclo produtivo, as regras que regem o seu funcionamento, as formas de contratação, condições oferecidas aos trabalhadores e a importância da agricultura familiar como empregadora e geradora de renda rural.
Palavras-chave: Agricultura familiar. Força de trabalho rural. Persicultura. Pluriatividade.
System Analysis of HIV Infection Model with CD4+
T under Non-Singular Kernel Derivative
Authors: Evirgen Fırat , Uçar Sümeyra , Özdemir Necati 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Infectious diseases have caused the death of many people throughout the world for centuries. For this purpose, many researchers have investigated these diseases for establishing new treatment and protective measures. The most important of these is HIV disease. In this study, an HIV infection model of CD4+
T cells is handled comprehensively with the newly defined Atangana-Baleanu (AB) fractional derivative. The existence and uniqueness of the solutions for fractionalized HIV disease model with the new derivative by considering the Arzela-Ascoli theorem.