bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-border COVID-19 spread amidst malaria re-emergence in Venezuela: a human rights analysis
Authors: Correa-Salazar Catalina , Amon Joseph J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSince 2016 Venezuela has seen a collapse in its economy and public health infrastructure resulting in a humanitarian crisis and massive outward migration. With the emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 at the end of 2019, the public health emergency within its borders and in neighboring countries has become more severe and as increasing numbers of Venezuelans migrants return home or get stuck along migratory routes, new risks are emerging in the region.ResultsDespite clear state obligations to respect, protect and fulfil the rights to health and related economic, social, civil and political rights of its population, in Venezuela, co-occurring malaria and COVID-19 epidemics are propelled by a lack of public investment in health, weak governance, and violations of human rights, especially for certain underserved populations like indigenous groups. COVID-19 has put increased pressure on Venezuelan and regional actors and healthcare systems, as well as international public health agencies, to deal with a domestic and regional public health emergency.ConclusionsInternational aid and cooperation for Venezuela to deal with the re-emergence of malaria and the COVID-19 spread, including lifting US-enforced economic sanctions that limit Venezuela’s capacity to deal with this crisis, is critical to protecting rights and health in the country and region.
Promoting factors and barriers to participation in working life for people with spinal cord injury
Authors: Sturm Christian , Bökel Andrea , Korallus Christoph , Geng Veronika , Kalke Yorck B. , Abel Rainer , Kurze Ines , Gutenbrunner Christoph M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is still difficult for people with physical impairments to be and remain equally integrated into the labour market. For this reason, the question of occupational activity has explicitly been examined by the German Spinal Cord Injury Survey (GerSCI) in order to identify barriers and facilitators for labour market participation.MethodsCross-sectional explorative observational study. The GerSCI survey is the German part of the International Spinal Cord Injury Survey (InSCI). Using survey data from persons recruited at eight specialised SCI-centres in Germany. Participants: 1.479 persons with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) aged 18 years and older.ResultsIn a self-disclosure questionnaire, persons with SCI show themselves as a professionally well-educated and highly motivated group with most of them aiming at gainful employment and considering themselves fit for work. Many changeable and non-changeable factors have been found, which showed a high correlation with the return to work after acquired SCI.ConclusionEducation and pain belong to the most critical factors and thereby possible approaches to increase the level of employment, which is essential and highly relevant not only for earning money but also for self-confidence and social integration. SCI has many dimensions in itself; support also should be multidimensional. Study results might help to improve participation.
Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and cancer history: a propensity score-matched study
Authors: Sorouri Majid , Kasaeian Amir , Mojtabavi Helia , Radmard Amir Reza , Kolahdoozan Shadi , Anushiravani Amir , Khosravi Bardia , Pourabbas Seyed Mohammad , Eslahi Masoud , Sirusbakht Azin , Khodabakhshi Marjan , Motamedi Fatemeh , Azizi Fatemeh , Ghanbari Reza , Rajabi Zeynab , Sima Ali Reza , Rad Soroush , Abdollahi Mohammad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 has caused great concern for patients with underlying medical conditions. We aimed to determine the prognosis of patients with current or previous cancer with either a PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection or a probable diagnosis according to chest CT scan.MethodsWe conducted a case control study in a referral hospital on confirmed COVID-19 adult patients with and without a history of cancer from February25thto April21st, 2020. Patients were matched according to age, gender, and underlying diseases including ischemic heart disease (IHD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypertension (HTN). Demographic features, clinical data, comorbidities, symptoms, vital signs, laboratory findings, and chest computed tomography (CT) images have been extracted from patients’ medical records. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals of each factor of interest with outcomes.ResultsFifty-three confirmed COVID-19 patients with history of cancer were recruited and compared with 106 non-cancerous COVID-19 patients as controls. Male to female ratio was 1.33 and 45% were older than 65. Dyspnea and fever were the most common presenting symptoms in our population with 57.86 and 52.83% respectively. Moreover, dyspnea was significantly associated with an increased rate of mortality in the cancer subgroup (p = 0.013). Twenty-six patients (49%) survived among the cancer group while 89 patients (84%) survived in control (p = 0.000). in cancer group, patients with hematologic cancer had 63% mortality while patients with solid tumors had 37%. multivariate analysis model for survival prediction showed that history of cancer, impaired consciousness level, tachypnea, tachycardia, leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia were associated with an increased risk of death.ConclusionIn our study, cancer increased the mortality rate and hospital stay of COVID-19 patients and this effect remains significant after adjustment of confounders. Compared to solid tumors, hematologic malignancies have been associated with worse consequences and higher mortality rate. Clinical and para-clinical indicators were not appropriate to predict death in these patients.
A consolidated potential analysis of bio-methane and e-methane using two different methods for a medium-term renewable gas supply in Germany
Authors: Matschoss Patrick , Steubing Michael , Pertagnol Joachim , Zheng Yue , Wern Bernhard , Dotzauer Martin , Thrän Daniela 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The German energy transition has entered a new phase and one important aspect is the question, to what degree the gas sector could be supplied with so-called “green” gases, i.e., gases from renewable sources. This paper focuses on the potential of domestic methane from biological origin (bio-CH4) until 2030 that is estimated with two different methods. The comparison of the results provides a consolidated estimate.

Methods
In a bottom-up approach, a GIS-based cluster analysis was undertaken to estimate the potential on bio-CH4 from the existing cogeneration biogas plant (BP) stock. In a top-down approach a meta-analysis of GHG-reduction scenarios with respect to bio-CH4 was performed. The meta-analysis was also extended to methane from renewable electricity (e-CH4) since the BP stock may play a role in the provision of CO2. Further, it included the year 2050 (the target year for most scenario studies) as well as issues like energy imports.

Results
The bottom-up approach yields a potential of 24.9 TWh of bio-CH4 for 2030. This is well within the range of the top-down analysis of 11–54 TWh (average: 32.5 TWh) for that year. In some scenarios values for e-CH4 where considerably higher, especially with respect to 2050, but in these studies the sources—including the CO2 sources—are either not explained at all or they are due to imports of e-CH4 in combination with direct air capture (DAC) rather than biogenic sources. Concerning the regional dispersion, the bottom-up analysis shows that the largest potentials (53% or 905 of the biogas plants) are located in the northern part of Germany, more particular in Lower-Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. These represent 54% or 602 MW of the installed capacity of the clusters.

Conclusion
The consistency of the outcomes of the two methodologically very different approaches may be called the main result of this research. Therefore, it provides a consolidated analysis of the potential for domestic supply of bio-CH4 in 2030. Furthermore, the amount corresponds to 2.7–3.5% of the German natural gas consumption in 2018. Taken bio-CH4 and e-CH4 together it corresponds to 7.2–8.0%.
Molecular mechanisms and the vital roles of resistin, TLR 4, and NF-κB in treating type 2 diabetic complications
Authors: Gudise Venkataiah , Chowdhury Bimalendu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes in obese (≥ 25 and ≥ 30 kg/m2) patients is the foremost cause of cardiovascular complications like stroke, osteoarthritis, cancers (endometrial, breast, ovarian, liver, kidney, colon, and prostate), and vascular complications like diabetic neuropathy, diabetic and retinopathy, and diabetic nephropathy. It is recognized as a global burden disorder with high prevalence in middle-income nations which might lead to a double burden on health care professionals. Hence, this review emphasizes on understanding the complexity and vital signaling tracts involved in diabetic complications for effective treatment.Main bodyType 2 diabetes in overweight patients induces the creation of specific ROS that further leads to changes in cellular proliferation, hypothalamus, and fringe. The resistin, TLR4, and NF-κB signalings are mainly involved in the progression of central and fringe changes such as insulin resistance and inflammation in diabetic patients. The overexpression of these signals might lead to the rapid progression of diabetic vascular complications induced by the release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, interleukins, and cyclooxygenase-mediated chemicals. Until now, there has been no curative treatment for diabetes. Therefore, to effectively treat complications of type 2 diabetes, the researchers need to concentrate on the molecular mechanisms and important signaling tracts involved.ConclusionIn this review, we suggested the molecular mechanism of STZ-HFD induced type 2 diabetes and the vital roles of resistin, TLR4, and NF-κB signalings in central, fringe changes, and development diabetic complications for its effective treatment.Graphical abstract
Gefitinib Versus Vinorelbine Plus Cisplatin as Adjuvant Treatment for Stage II-IIIA (N1-N2) EGFR-Mutant NSCLC: Final Overall Survival Analysis of CTONG1104 Phase III Trial
Authors: Zhong Wen-Zhao , Wang Qun , Mao Wei-Min , Xu Song-Tao , Wu Lin , Wei Yu-Cheng , Liu Yong-Yu , Chen Chun , Cheng Ying , Yin Rong , Yang Fan , Ren Sheng-Xiang , Li Xiao-Fei , Li Jian , Huang Cheng , Liu Zhi-Dong , Xu Shun , Chen Ke-Neng , Xu Shi-Dong , Liu Lun-Xu , Yu Ping , Wang Bu-Hai , Ma Hai-Tao , Yang Jin-Ji , Yan Hong-Hong , Yang Xue-Ning , Liu Si-Yang , Zhou Qing , Wu Yi-Long 
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE ADJUVANT-CTONG1104 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01405079 ), a randomized phase III trial, showed that adjuvant gefitinib treatment significantly improved disease-free survival (DFS) versus vinorelbine plus cisplatin (VP) in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) mutation-positive resected stage II-IIIA (N1-N2) non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we report the final overall survival (OS) results. METHODS From September 2011 to April 2014, 222 patients from 27 sites were randomly assigned 1:1 to adjuvant gefitinib (n = 111) or VP (n = 111). Patients with resected stage II-IIIA (N1-N2) NSCLC and EGFR-activating mutation were enrolled, receiving gefitinib for 24 months or VP every 3 weeks for four cycles. The primary end point was DFS (intention-to-treat [ITT] population). Secondary end points included OS, 3-, 5-year (y) DFS rates, and 5-year OS rate. Post hoc analysis was conducted for subsequent therapy data. RESULTS Median follow-up was 80.0 months. Median OS (ITT) was 75.5 and 62.8 months with gefitinib and VP, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.62 to 1.36; P = .674); respective 5-year OS rates were 53.2% and 51.2% ( P = .784). Subsequent therapy was administered upon progression in 68.4% and 73.6% of patients receiving gefitinib and VP, respectively. Subsequent targeted therapy contributed most to OS (HR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.38) compared with no subsequent therapy. Updated 3y DFS rates were 39.6% and 32. 5% with gefitinib and VP ( P = .316) and 5y DFS rates were 22. 6% and 23.2% ( P = .928), respectively. CONCLUSION Adjuvant therapy with gefitinib in patients with early-stage NSCLC and EGFR mutation demonstrated improved DFS over standard of care chemotherapy. Although this DFS advantage did not translate to a significant OS difference, OS with adjuvant gefitinib was one of the longest observed in this patient group compared with historic data.
Tunable chiral-selective electromagnetically induced transparency-like effect in VO2-based metamaterial for slow light applications
Authors: Gao Fan , Yuan Peicheng , Ma Hongfeng , Xu Tao , Zhu Junwen , Li Kexue , Yang Feng , Yan Bo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A chiral metamaterial based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) is proposed to realize the ultrafast active control of an electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) effect. The design of the tunable metamaterial is based on the heat-induced insulator-to-metal transition of VO2 and a tunable transmission peak with circular polarization selectivity is achieved. For the right circular polarization (RCP) laser incidence, the sharp EIT-like peak is generated and rises with the increasing signal powers, which has not happened in the left circular polarization (LCP) incident condition. The spin-dependent phenomenon in time domain is also observed and the slow light effect in the metamaterial yields a tunable time delay up to 4 ns. Therefore, the tunable EIT-like effect with chiral selectivity is presented and highlights its practical applications in programmable metamaterial regions and slow light devices, etc.
Phrenic Nerve Block at the Azygos Vein Level Versus Sham Block for Ipsilateral Shoulder Pain After Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kimura Kuroiwa Kaori , Shiko Yuki , Kawasaki Yohei , Aoki Yoshitaka , Nishizawa Masaaki , Ide Susumu , Miura Kentaro , Kobayashi Nobutaka , Sehmbi Herman 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:
Ipsilateral shoulder pain (ISP) is a common problem after pulmonary surgery. We hypothesized that phrenic nerve block (PNB) at the azygos vein level, near the location of the surgical operation, would be effective for reducing ISP. Our primary aim was to assess the effect of PNB on postoperative ISP, following video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS).

METHODS:
This prospective, randomized, patient-blinded, single-institution trial was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000030464). Enrolled patients had been scheduled for VATS under general anesthesia with epidural analgesia. Patients were randomly allocated to receive infiltration of the ipsilateral phrenic nerve at the azygos vein level with either 10 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine (PNB group) or 0.9% saline (control group) before chest closure. Postoperative ISP was assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS, 0–10) at rest at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours. The incidence of ISP was defined as the proportion of patients who reported an NRS score of ≥1 at least once within 24 hours after surgery. In the primary analysis, the proportion of patients with ISP was compared between PNB and control groups using the χ2 test. NRS values of ISP and postoperative incision pain within 24 hours were investigated, as was the frequency of postoperative analgesic use. Incision pain was assessed using an NRS at the time of ISP assessment. Finally, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and shoulder movement disorders were also evaluated.

RESULTS:
Eighty-five patients were included, and their data were analyzed. These patients were randomly assigned to either PNB group (n = 42) or control group (n = 43). There were no clinically relevant differences in demographic and surgical profiles between the groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of ISP (the control group 20/43 [46.5%] versus the PNB group 14/42 [33.3%]; P = .215). The severity of ISP was lower in the PNB group than in the control group (linear mixed-effects model, the main effect of treatment [groups]: P < .001). There were no significant differences between groups in terms of postoperative incision pain. The frequency of postoperative analgesic use was significantly higher in the control group (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P < .001). Postoperative nausea and vomiting did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. There were no changes in the range of shoulder joint movement.

CONCLUSIONS:
Azygos vein level PNB did not significantly affect the incidence of ISP after VATS.
Managing Reputation Risk in Supply Chains: The Role of Risk Sharing Under Limited Liability
Authors: Dhingra Vibhuti , Krishnan Harish 
Published: December 2020

When a supplier fails to comply with social and environmental standards, the buyer’s reputation suffers. Reputation costs can typically be very high for the buyer, whereas the supplier’s liability is often limited. Conventional procurement strategies such as dual sourcing mitigate the buyer’s operational risk, but they often do so at the expense of increasing its reputation risk and sourcing costs. In this paper, we propose a risk-sharing contract for managing the buyer’s reputation concerns. We find that by sharing some of the supplier’s operational loss, the buyer may (in some conditions) decrease its reputational risk, but this has to be balanced against an increase in the operational risk. Risk sharing also reduces sourcing costs because the buyer takes on some of the worst-case loss of a wealth-constrained supplier. These results suggest that risk sharing can be superior, as a procurement strategy, to conventional approaches such as dual sourcing or penalty contracts. This is true when reputation and sourcing costs are a significant concern and operational costs are not that high. Under some conditions, the buyer may choose risk sharing even if it increases reputation risk in order to reduce procurement costs. This paper was accepted by Victor Martínez-de-Albéniz, operations management.
Advancing lightweight mirror design: a paradigm shift in mirror preforms by utilizing design for additive manufacturing
Authors: Horvath Nicholas , Davies Matthew 
Published: December 2020

Additive manufacturing is a disruptive technology that can be leveraged
by the redesign of components in most engineering fields. Fundamental
engineering resources for lightweight mirrors were developed more than
30 years ago with a main design limitation, state of the art
manufacturing. Here, we present two design methodologies for the
design of lightweight mirrors. The first method utilizes analytical
expressions to design a traditional isogrid mirror, which provided the
foundation for most lightweight mirrors to date. The second method
employs a combination of topology optimization, lattice infill, and
analytical estimation to develop an advanced lightweight mirror
designed for additive manufacturing. The advanced mirror design
outperforms the traditional design for each functional requirement,
including a 94% reduction in predicted surface quilting and a higher
specific stiffness. The manufacturing of the advanced mirror is only
possible with an additive manufacturing process.
Low-cost fabrication of microlasers based on polymeric micropedestals
Authors: Reynoso-de la Cruz H. M. , Ortiz-Ricardo E. , Camarena-Chávez V. A. , Martínez-Borquez A. , Gutiérrez-Juárez G. , U’Ren A. B. , Castro-Beltrán R. 
Published: December 2020

Our current work exploits direct laser writing (DLW) and low one-photon absorption (LOPA) in a low-cost three-dimensional optical fabrication system designed to print micrometric polymeric structures. Micropedestals were obtained by focusing a laser beam on a photoresist layer deposited on a silica glass substrate. Subsequent coating with rhodamine 6G dye allows these pedestals to function as microlasers upon optical excitation at 532 nm. Our microlasers, with a diameter of

∼

53

µ

m

and a height of

∼

40

µ

m

, exhibit a broad fluorescence peak in the spectral range 540–600 nm, in addition to narrow lasing peaks, exhibiting quality factors

Q

exceeding 2000 and a lasing threshold of

∼

5

µ

J
c

m

−
2

. The observed free spectral range associated with the lasing peaks of

∼

1.3

n
m

is consistent with simulations, which we include in this paper. In addition, we present simulations for the longitudinal shift of the patterning laser spot, which occurs particularly for relatively thick photoresist layers, coupled with a large index contrast at the photoresist top surface. Such a shift could introduce errors in the resulting microfabricated structures if left unaccounted for. We hope that our work will contribute to the development of microlasers for various photonic applications, particularly if dimensions can be reduced, for on-chip optical communications and data processing.
Zika and dengue but not chikungunya are associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome in Mexico: A case-control study
Authors: Grijalva Israel , Grajales-Muñiz Concepción , González-Bonilla César , Borja-Aburto Victor Hugo , Paredes-Cruz Martín , Guerrero-Cantera José , González-Ibarra Joaquín , Vallejos-Parás Alfonso , Rojas-Mendoza Teresita , Santacruz-Tinoco Clara Esperanza , Hernández-Bautista Porfirio , Arriaga-Nieto Lumumba , Garza-Sagástegui Ma Guadalupe , Vargas-Ramos Ignacio , Sepúlveda-Núñez Ana , Campos-Villarreal Omar Israel , Corrales-Pérez Roberto , Azuara-Castillo Mallela , Sierra-González Elsa , Meza-Medina José Alfonso , Martínez-Miguel Bernardo , López-Becerril Gabriela , Ramos-Orozco Jessica , Muñoz-Guerrero Tomás , Gutiérrez-Lozano María Soledad , Cervantes-Ocampo Arlette Areli 
Published: December 2020

Background
Zika, dengue and chikungunya viruses (ZIKV, CHIKV and DENV) are temporally associated with neurological diseases, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Because these three arboviruses coexist in Mexico, the frequency and severity of GBS could theoretically increase. This study aims to determine the association between these arboviruses and GBS in a Mexican population and to establish the clinical characteristics of the patients, including the severity of the infection.
A case-control study was conducted (2016/07/01-2018/06/30) in Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Social Security Institute) hospitals, using serum and urine samples that were collected to determine exposure to ZIKV, DENV, CHIKV by RT-qPCR and serology (IgM). For the categorical variables analysis, Pearson’s χ2 or Fisher exact tests were used, and the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables. To determine the association of GBS and viral infection diagnosis through laboratory and symptomatology before admission, we calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) using a 2x2 contingency table. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant. Ninety-seven GBS cases and 184 controls were included. The association of GBS with ZIKV acute infection (OR, 8.04; 95% CI, 0.89–73.01, p = 0.047), as well as laboratory evidence of ZIKV infection (OR, 16.45; 95% CI, 2.03–133.56; p = 0.001) or Flavivirus (ZIKV and DENV) infection (OR, 6.35; 95% CI, 1.99–20.28; p = 0.001) was observed. Cases of GBS associated with ZIKV demonstrated a greater impairment of functional status and a higher percentage of mechanical ventilation. According to laboratory results, an association between ZIKV or ZIKV and DENV infection in patients with GBS was found. Cases of GBS associated with ZIKV exhibited a more severe clinical picture. Cases with co-infection were not found.