bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Visible Light Responses of Ti4Cu4‐Oxo Clusters with Mixed Valence Copper Ions
Authors: Hou Simin , Chen Shumei , Zhang Jian , Zhang Lei 
Published: November 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionIn order to extend the absorption spectrum of polyoxo‐titanium clusters into the visible region, two new heterometal‐oxo clusters Ti4CuII2CuI2(μ3‐O)6(benzoate)10(MeCN)4 (PTC‐153) and Ti4CuII2CuI2(μ3‐O)6(benzoate)8(CH3COO)2(MeCN)4 (PTC‐154) were successfully synthesized. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies showed that these two heterometallic Ti4Cu4‐oxo clusters possessed Chinese knot‐shape structure and mixed valence Cu1+/2+ ions. UV‐visible spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that the visible light region absorption of PTC‐153 and PTC‐154 could be significantly enhanced by doping copper. Furthermore, their visible‐light driven photocurrent responses were studied by using samples of PTC‐153 and PTC‐154 as electrode precursors.
Flexible Fragment Growing Boosts Potency of Quorum‐Sensing Inhibitors against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence
Authors: Zender Michael , Witzgall Florian , Kiefer Alexander , Kirsch Benjamin , Maurer Christine K. , Kany Andreas M. , Xu Ningna , Schmelz Stefan , Börger Carsten , Blankenfeldt Wulf , Empting Martin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHit‐to‐lead optimization is a critical phase in drug discovery. Herein, we report on the fragment‐based discovery and optimization of 2‐aminopyridine derivatives as a novel lead‐like structure for the treatment of the dangerous opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We pursue an innovative treatment strategy by interfering with the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) quorum sensing (QS) system leading to an abolishment of bacterial pathogenicity. Our compounds act on the PQS receptor (PqsR), a key transcription factor controlling the expression of various pathogenicity determinants. In this target‐driven approach, we made use of biophysical screening via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) followed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC)‐enabled enthalpic efficiency (EE) evaluation. Hit optimization then involved growth vector identification and exploitation. Astonishingly, the latter was successfully achieved by introducing flexible linkers rather than rigid motifs leading to a boost in activity on the target receptor and anti‐virulence potency.
Systematic spatiotemporal mapping reveals divergent cell death pathways in three mouse models of hereditary retinal degeneration
Authors: Power Michael J. , Rogerson Luke E. , Schubert Timm , Berens Philipp , Euler Thomas , Paquet‐Durand François 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCalcium (Ca2+) dysregulation has been linked to neuronal cell death, including in hereditary retinal degeneration. Ca2+ dysregulation is thought to cause rod and cone photoreceptor cell death. Spatial and temporal heterogeneities in retinal disease models have hampered validation of this hypothesis. We examined the role of Ca2+ in photoreceptor degeneration, assessing the activation pattern of Ca2+‐dependent calpain proteases, generating spatiotemporal maps of the entire retina in the cpfl1 mouse model for primary cone degeneration, and in the rd1 and rd10 models for primary rod degeneration. We used Gaussian process models to distinguish the temporal sequences of degenerative molecular processes from other variability sources.In the rd1 and rd10 models, spatiotemporal pattern of increased calpain activity matched the progression of primary rod degeneration. High calpain activity coincided with activation of the calpain‐2 isoform but not with calpain‐1, suggesting differential roles for both calpain isoforms. Primary rod loss was linked to upregulation of apoptosis‐inducing factor, although only a minute fraction of cells showed activity of the apoptotic marker caspase‐3. After primary rod degeneration concluded, caspase‐3 activation appeared in cones, suggesting apoptosis as the dominant mechanism for secondary cone loss. Gaussian process models highlighted calpain activity as a key event during primary rod photoreceptor cell death. Our data suggest a causal link between Ca2+ dysregulation and primary, nonapoptotic degeneration of photoreceptors and a role for apoptosis in secondary degeneration of cones, highlighting the importance of the spatial and temporal location of key molecular events, which may guide the evaluation of new therapies.
MXene‐Supported FeCo‐LDHs as Highly Efficient Catalysts for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Tian Ming , Jiang Yi , Tong Haili , Xu Yingming , Xia Lixin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWater oxidation is the rate‐determining step for water splitting. The layered double hydroxides (LDHs) play an important role in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Combining with some two‐dimensional (2D) materials with high surface area and electrical conductivity can greatly improve the performance of water oxidation. Herein, we report a composite material that FeCo layered double hydroxides (FeCo‐LDHs) were combined with single layer MXene (Ti3C2Tx). The single‐layer MXene takes full advantage of the more active sites, reflecting higher electrochemical activity than other forms of MXene (nanofiber and multilayer). The resulting FeCo‐LDH/MXene hybrid provides high electron transfer ability and electrochemically active surface area, leading to an enhancement of catalytic activity and durability for OER. An extremely low overpotential of 268 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 was achieved, which was lower than Graphene or MWCNT combined with FeCo‐LDH.
Antioxidant Activity of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Peel Extract in Soybean Oil during Storage and Deep Frying
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Nhat Minh , Le Thien Trung , Nguyen Minh Viet Thao , Van Camp John , Raes Katleen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel (RBP) is discarded as the main by‐product during processing of the fruit. Increasing attention is now paid to the valorization of RBP for the recovery of valuable compounds. Geraniin, ellagic acid, quercetin, and rutin are the main phenolic compounds found in methanolic RBP extract. Extracted rambutan peel powder (ERPP) is used to evaluate the oxidative stability of soybean oil stored at 4 and 30 °C in the dark and light and deep fried with potatoes at 160 °C. Tert‐butylhydroquinone (100 µg g−1 oil, TBHQ) serves as positive control. Oil supplemented with ERPP of 1000 µg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g−1 of oil shows positive effects on the retardation of the oxidation process during storage in comparison with oil without addition. During deep frying, either ERPP (1000 µg GAE g−1) or TBHQ retards the lipid oxidation of oil. Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances of potatoes fried in oil fortified with the extract and TBHQ (0.4–0.59 µg g−1) are much lower than those without the extract (1.31 ± 0.10 µg g−1) (p < 0.05). Therefore, RBP extract exhibits favorable antioxidant effects and can be used for effectively inhibiting lipid oxidation in oil during storage and deep frying.Practical Applications: An extract from rambutan fruit peel containing phenolic compounds, that is, geraniin, ellagic acid, rutin, and quercetin showed promising results to be used as potential antioxidants in soybean oil during deep frying. Both oxidation of the frying oil as well as the oxidation of the food product, that is, potatoes were inhibited. These results demonstrated that rambutan fruit peel extract can be used as a natural antioxidant in frying oil to replace synthetic antioxidants, that is, TBHQ.
Chiral metal‐organic cages used as stationary phase for enantioseparations in capillary electrochromatography
Authors: He Li‐Xiao , Tian Chun‐Rong , Zhang Jun‐Hui , Xu Wen , Peng Bo , Xie Sheng‐Ming , Zi Min , Yuan Li‐Ming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSince some metal‐organic cages (MOCs) have been synthesized in past several years, the applications of MOCs such as drug delivery, molecular recognition, separation, catalysis, and gas storage, etc. have been witnessed with a significant increase. However, to the best of our knowledge, so far no one has used MOCs as chiral stationary phase to separate chiral compounds in CEC. In this study, three MOCs were developed as the stationary phase for CEC separation of enantiomers. The MOCs coated capillary column showed good chiral recognition ability for some chiral compounds, including amine, alcohols, ketone, etc. The influence of buffer concentration, applied voltage, pH of buffer solution on the chiral separations was also investigated. The RSDs of run‐to‐run, day‐to‐day, and column‐to‐column for retention time were 2.1‐4.67%, 1.2‐4.36%, and 3.62‐6.43%, respectively. This work reveals that the chiral MOCs material is feasible for the enantioseparation in CEC.
Experimental study on strain behavior and permeability evolution of sandstone under constant amplitude cyclic loading‐unloading
Authors: Liu Chao , Yu Beichen , Zhang Dongming , Zhao Honggang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe coupling of in situ stress, seepage, and fracture makes the strata exhibit complex strain behavior and permeability evolution under the stress path of cyclic loading‐unloading. In this study, the cyclic loading‐unloading experiments of constant amplitude axial stress of sandstone under the combination of different initial confining pressures and loading‐unloading rates are conducted. The experimental results show that the heterogeneity of sandstone, Poisson's ratio produced by adjacent loading‐unloading, and confining pressure determine the deformation characteristics of sandstone in lateral and axial directions. Sandstone can produce significant shear dilatancy at a low rate; this is because stress perturbation can activate more particle slippage and fracture structure changes. However, the fracture preferentially propagates along the end or edge of the crack with strong stress sensitivity to form a shear failure plane at high rate. The normalized permeability of sandstone decreases with an increase in the loading‐unloading rate before failure. The evolution of normalized permeability is closely related to the shear slip of fracture structure and sandstone particles. For the prevention of rock engineering disasters, the high loading‐unloading rate results in lower normalized permeability, which favors the prevention of gas‐type disasters in rocks with higher gas potential energy; however, it is not conducive to the prevention of rockburst.
Postpartum hemorrhage care bundles to improve adherence to guidelines: A WHO technical consultation
Authors: Althabe Fernando , Therrien Michelle N.S. , Pingray Veronica , Hermida Jorge , Gülmezoglu Ahmet M. , Armbruster Deborah , Singh Neelima , Guha Moytrayee , Garg Lorraine F. , Souza Joao P. , Smith Jeffrey M. , Winikoff Beverly , Thapa Kusum , Hébert Emmanuelle , Liljestrand Jerker , Downe Soo , Garcia Elorrio Ezequiel , Arulkumaran Sabaratnam , Byaruhanga Emmanuel K. , Lissauer David M. , Oguttu Monica , Dumont Alexandre , Escobar Maria F. , Fuchtner Carlos , Lumbiganon Pisake , Burke Thomas F. , Miller Suellen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically develop evidence‐based bundles for care of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).MethodsAn international technical consultation was conducted in 2017 to develop draft bundles of clinical interventions for PPH taken from the WHO's 2012 and 2017 PPH recommendations and based on the validated “GRADE Evidence‐to‐Decision” framework. Twenty‐three global maternal‐health experts participated in the development process, which was informed by a systematic literature search on bundle definitions, designs, and implementation experiences. Over a 6‐month period, the expert panel met online and via teleconferences, culminating in a 2‐day in‐person meeting.ResultsThe consultation led to the definition of two care bundles for facility implementation. The “first response to PPH bundle” comprises uterotonics, isotonic crystalloids, tranexamic acid, and uterine massage. The “response to refractory PPH bundle” comprises compressive measures (aortic or bimanual uterine compression), the non‐pneumatic antishock garment, and intrauterine balloon tamponade (IBT). Advocacy, training, teamwork, communication, and use of best clinical practices were defined as PPH bundle supporting elements.ConclusionFor the first response bundle, further research should assess its feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness; and identify optimal implementation strategies. For the response to refractory bundle, further research should address pending controversies, including the operational definition of refractory PPH and effectiveness of IBT devices.
The use of optical coherence tomography and convolutional neural networks to distinguish normal and abnormal oral mucosa
Authors: Heidari Andrew E. , Pham Tiffany T. , Ifegwu Ibe , Burwell Ross , Armstrong William B. , Tjoson Tjoa , Whyte Stephanie , Giorgioni Carmen , Wang Beverly , Wong Brian J. F. , Chen Zhongping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIncomplete surgical resection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common cause of local HNSCC recurrence. Currently, surgeons rely on preoperative imaging, direct visualization, palpation and frozen section to determine the extent of tissue resection. It has been demonstrated that optical coherence tomography (OCT), a minimally invasive, nonionizing near infrared mesoscopic imaging modality can resolve subsurface differences between normal and abnormal head and neck mucosa. Previous work has utilized two‐dimensional OCT imaging which is limited to the evaluation of small regions of interest generated frame by frame. OCT technology is capable of performing rapid volumetric imaging, but the capacity and expertise to analyze this massive amount of image data is lacking. In this study, we evaluate the ability of a retrained convolutional neural network to classify three‐dimensional OCT images of head and neck mucosa to differentiate normal and abnormal tissues with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 70%, respectively. This method has the potential to serve as a real‐time analytic tool in the assessment of surgical margins.
Induction and measurement of the early stage of a host‐parasite interaction using a combined optical trapping and Raman microspectroscopy system
Authors: Sinjab Faris , Elsheikha Hany M. , Dooley Max , Notingher Ioan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding and quantifying the temporal acquisition of host cell molecules by intracellular pathogens is fundamentally important in biology. In this study, a recently developed holographic optical trapping (HOT)‐based Raman microspectroscopy (RMS) instrument is applied to detect, characterize and monitor in real time the molecular trafficking of a specific molecular species (isotope‐labeled phenylalanine (L‐Phe(D8)) at the single cell level. This approach enables simultaneous measurement of the chemical composition of human cerebrovascular endothelial cells and the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii in isolation at the very start of the infection process. Using a model to decouple measurement contributions from host and pathogen sampling in the excitation volume, the data indicate that manipulating parasites with HOT coupled with RMS chemical readout was an effective method for measurement of L‐Phe(D8) transfer from host cells to parasites in real‐time, from the moment the parasite enters the host cell.
Gene expression and methylation profiles identified CXCL3 and CXCL8 as key genes for diagnosis and prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Qing‐Qing , Jiang Chun , Gao Qian , Zhang Ying‐Ying , Wang Guo , Chen Xiao‐Ping , Wu Shao‐Bin , Tang Jie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractColon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Due to the poor clinical outcomes, it is indispensable to investigate novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of COAD. The aim of this study is to explore key genes as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of COAD for clinical utility. Gene expression profiles (GSE44076 and GSE44861) and gene methylation profile (GSE29490) were analyzed to identify the aberrantly methylated‐differentially expressed genes by R language and Perl software. Function enrichments were performed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. Moreover, hub genes were identified through protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Besides, key genes were found by the module analysis and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) survival analysis. Finally, TCGA data and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was used to validate the key genes involved in COAD. Our study found two hypomethylation‐high‐expression genes (CXCL3 and CXCL8) in COAD tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. These results were also confirmed by RT‐qPCR with 25 pairs of COAD and adjacent normal tissues. Meanwhile, low expression of the two genes was associated with poor survival in patients with COAD. CXCL3 and CXCL8 may serve as key genes in the diagnosis and prognosis for COAD.
An efficient method for hatching diapausing embryos of Daphnia pulex species complex (Crustacea, Anomopoda)
Authors: Luu Dustin H.‐K. , Vo Hillary P. , Xu Sen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA general method for efficiently hatching sexually produced diapausing embryos of the microcrustacean Daphnia is valuable for establishing Daphnia as a genetic model system. In this study, we examine the effect of ultraviolet light and different amounts of storage time in darkness on the hatching efficiency in two species of the Daphnia pulex species complex, D. pulex and Daphnia pulicaria. We identified a set of lighting conditions that can trigger 80% to ~100% hatching rate for embryos produced through selfing, outcrossing, and obligate parthenogenesis. Furthermore, we found that a storage time of at least 2 weeks in the dark before exposing embryos to ultraviolet light is critical for achieving high hatching rate. The identification of these key factors for hatching diapausing embryos can greatly facilitate future Daphnia research involving complex breeding designs as well as investigating the genetic switch that activates the hatching of diapausing embryos.
Whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging in late‐onset Pompe disease: Clinical utility and correlation with functional measures
Authors: Khan Aleena A. , Boggs Tracy , Bowling Michael , Austin Stephanie , Stefanescu Mihaela , Case Laura , Kishnani Priya S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) has clinical utility in measuring the amount of fatty infiltration in late‐onset Pompe disease (LOPD). Muscle strength and function testing also provide valuable insight to the progression of myopathy seen in these patients. The main purpose of this study was to determine how closely muscle strength and functional testing correlate to the amount of fatty infiltration seen on WBMRI. LOPD patients were followed longitudinally and WBMRI, muscle strength testing using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale, muscle function testing using the Gait, Stairs, Gowers, Chair (GSGC) score, and labs including urinary glucose tetrasaccharide (Glc4) were performed at each visit. The amount of fat seen on WBMRI was quantified using proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and correlated to appropriate muscle strength and functional tests. Nineteen patients with LOPD aged 10 to 67 years were followed for a 1 to 2 year duration. There was a small increase of 1.26% (±2.57%) in overall PDFF per year in patients on ERT. Muscle strength (mMRC) and functional testing (GSGC) correlated highly with PDFF (r = −.7596,P < .0001 andr = .8267,P < .0001, respectively). Time to carry out individual tasks of the GSGC also correlated highly with PDFF of the muscles involved. Glc4 levels were normal on most visits (27/39) despite varying severity of muscle weakness in patients. Muscle strength and GSGC scores correlate highly with PDFF values from WBMRI. They may be used in assessing severity of muscle disease and to follow LOPD patients over time.
Multimodel ensemble projection of meteorological drought scenarios and connection with climate based on spectral analysis
Authors: Aryal Yog , Zhu Jianting 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPotential change in the hydrological cycles may lead to changes in extreme events such as drought due to the changes in intensity, frequency, and seasonality of precipitation and evaporative demand. In this study, projected drought scenarios and associated uncertainties in the late 21st century over the Continental United States are analysed based on seven regional climate models (RCMs) contributing to the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment. Meteorological drought scenarios are analysed based on standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). Here, we propose a new multimodel ensemble approach based on the similarity of spectral power of different frequency components of the SPEI time series. The approach combines output from different RCMs based on their ability to produce the observed power spectra as well as convergence towards the average spectra from all participating RCMs in the future climate. Furthermore, to understand the SPEI variability associated with climate teleconnection, continuous wavelet transform‐based spectral coherency between the SPEI and two climate indices: the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is analysed. Results show that among‐model uncertainty is the dominant source of uncertainties in the projected drought scenarios with contributions as large as 97% to the total uncertainty. Fifteen to 20% more frequent droughts are projected in future climate due to a decrease in mean SPEI as well as an increase in the variability of SPEI. Observed SPEI variability is strongly associated with ENSO variability while PDO modulates the strength of correlation between the SPEI and the ENSO. Spectral analysis of future SPEI shows that the increase in the SPEI variability is due to an increase in interannual variability as well as an enhanced ENSO teleconnection over the study area. The results show the increased role of climatic variability and hence the enhanced predictability of drought scenarios in the future climate.
Self‐Assembly and Adjustable Ion Conducting Behavior of Graphene Oxide Liquid Crystalline Network Membranes
Authors: Song Ying , Wang Jiwei , Yan Guiyang , He Xiaozhi , Jia Yinggang , Meng Fanbao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSelf‐assembly of graphene oxide liquid crystalline network (GO‐LCNs) membranes is constructed for the first time via Langmuir–Blodgett assembly technique. The GO‐LCNs are synthesized by hydrogen‐bonded self‐assembly between carboxyl groups on graphene oxide and pyridinyl groups on liquid crystalline polymers. These GO‐LCNs membranes possess distinct microstructures and show adjustable ion conducting behavior due to GO planar structure induced by mesogen oriention of liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystalline behavior of the GO‐LCNs is identified by combining polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction measurements. The liquid crystalline properties of GO‐LCNs are adjusted by the composition of the liquid‐crystalline polymers. The microstructures and ion conducting behavior of GO‐LCNs membranes are investigated by applying different electromagnetic field, which are identified by different ionic conductivity of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide organic solution passed through the membranes. Ionic conductivity of solutions is increased nearly 100‐fold and tenfold for an orientated GO‐LCNs membrane. These GO‐LCNs are promising materials in numerous applications such as high‐performance electrode material, ion battery materials, proton conductors, and so on.