bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional response to kairomone exposure in Daphnia magna: A candidate gene approach
Authors: Telli Murat , Gordon Donna M. , Ünlü Ercan Selçuk 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Daphnia (Brachiopoda, Cladocera) is a well-studied model organism providing unparalleled opportunity to test epigenetic regulation of predator avoidance mechanisms in aquatic ecosystems. The discovery of regulatory functions for microRNA molecules and recently described miRNA profiles of Daphnia make it an ideal system to probe for posttranslational regulatory mechanisms mediated by kairomone released by predatory fish. However, despite a number of studies that focused on mRNA transcript level differences, no miRNA studies associated with kairomone exposure have been reported. Results: Exposing D. magna to fish kairomone from birth to the first reproduction was found to result in the differential expression of the four miRNAs tested: miR-7, miR-34, miR-317, and miR-375. Normalized transcript levels for each miRNA were found to vary across the exposure period with no clear conserved pattern of expression despite functional target analyses by GO, COG and KEGG indicating that predicted miRNA target genes are likely involved in related biological activities. Analysis of six mRNA transcripts (Hsp70, Hsp90, actin, AKT, GYS and IGFR), identified in previous studies as kairomone-mediated genes in Daphnia magna, were also carried out. Similar to that obtained for miRNAs, the mRNA transcript levels showed varying degrees of temporal regulation across the exposure time course with the two heat shock transcripts exhibiting elevated levels at early and late time points of kairomone exposure while the AKT, GYS, and IGFR transcripts had an general decrease in expression during the first 96 hours. Conclusions: Differential mRNA expression data supports the premise of an ecological trade-off between the cost of general biological processes and that of survival under long-term kairomone stress. Transcript levels for the four miRNAs tested were found to vary across developmental time with kairomone exposure which suggests that they may have a role in regulating morphological, behavioral or physiological responses by altering target gene expression. These studies lay the foundation for future work aimed at linking miRNAs and their target transcripts to changes in the signaling events that govern Daphnia response to kairomone specific stress.
Investigation of streamflow as a seasonal hydrological drought indicator for a tropical region
Authors: Fung Kit Fai , Huang Yuk Feng , Koo Chai Hoon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the operational definition of drought is important for alleviating the negative impacts of droughts. This study investigates the use of streamflows to indicate seasonal hydrological droughts in the Northern Region of Peninsular Malaysia. The seasonal 3-month Streamflow Drought Index (SDI-3) was used to analyse drought characteristics in 2003–2017. The occurrences of all three reported droughts were successfully identified with the SDI-3, with the identified events having a 3-month earlier onset with a 6-month longer duration; a 1-month delayed onset with a 5-month longer duration; and a 1-month delayed onset with a 1-month shorter duration, respectively compared to their actual onset and duration. Along with justifications such as the increase in evaporation and evapotranspiration due to temperature increase, losses for groundwater replenishment and human factors, the SDI-3 was concluded to be suitable for hydrological drought monitoring. Drought characteristics were spatially interpolated using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method, which was cross-validated for applicability with average root mean squared error (RMSE) and R equal to 0.630 and 0.586, respectively. It was found that most of the areas are more prone to short-term droughts with mean severity up to the mild category, except for the central zone which showed more severe droughts, albeit being less likely to occur.
Flavonoids and Platelet-Derived Thrombotic Disorders
Authors: Lopez Jose J. , El Haouari Mohammed , Jardin Isaac , Alonso Nieves , Regodon Sergio , Diez-Bello Raquel , Redondo Pedro C. , Rosado Juan A. 
Published: January 2020

:Thrombotic disorders are characterized by an increase in the probability of the formation of unnecessary thrombi that might be due to the activation of the coagulation cascade or the circulating platelets. Platelets or thrombocytes play an essential role in hemostasis but abnormal platelet function leads to the development of a number of cardiovascular complications, including thrombotic disorders. Under pathological conditions, platelets are associated with the development of different thrombotic disorders, including atherosclerosis, arterial thrombosis and stroke, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism; therefore, platelets are the target of a number of anti-thrombotic strategies. Flavonoids, a large group of polyphenols ubiquitously expressed in fruits and vegetables that have attracted considerable attention because of their benefits in human health, including the reduction of the risk of cardiovascular disease. Flavonoids have been reported to reduce platelet activity by attenuating agonist-induced GPIIb/IIIa receptor activation, mobilization of intracellular free Ca2+, granule exocytosis, as well as activation of different signaling molecules such as mitogen- activated protein kinases or phospholipases. This review summarizes the current studies concerning the modulation of platelet activation by flavonoids, giving especial attention to those events associated to thrombotic disorders.
MiR-143HG Gene Polymorphisms as Risk Factors for Gastric Cancer in Chinese Han Population
Authors: Liu Jianfeng , Li Haiyue , Liu Yuanwei , Sun Yao , Wu Jiamin , Xiong Zichao , Li Bin , Jin Tianbo 
Published: December 2019

Background:
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a pivotal regulator of the occurrence and
development of various cancers. And gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common
and deadly cancers in the world. The aim of this study is to explore whether the
microRNA-143 host gene (miR-143HG) polymorphisms are correlated with the risk of
GC.

Methods:
5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped among 506
patients and 500 healthy controls in Han Chinese population. Multiple genetic models,
stratification analysis and haplotype analysis were used to evaluate the association
between miR-143HG polymorphisms and GC risk by calculating odds ratios (ORs), 95%
confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:
Our results indicated that rs11168100 was associated with decreased risk of
GC under the Codominant model (OR = 0.67, 95%CI = 0.52-0.88, p = 0.003), and under
the Dominant model (OR = 0.72, 95%CI = 0.56-0.92, p = 0.009). Rs353300 was
associated with increased risk of GC under the Recessive model (OR = 1.41, 95%CI =
1.06-1.87, p = 0.017). Further, rs11168100 and rs353300 were correlated with the
susceptibility of GC (age > 60 years), and three SNPs (rs12654195, rs353303, and
rs353300) were related with the risk of GC (age ≤ 60 years). In addition, two SNPs
(rs12654195 and rs11168100) were found to be associated with decrease in the
susceptibility of GC in the female subgroup. Rs353300 represented two-sided roles in
the occurrence and development of GC in female. Finally, rs3533003 was associated
with decreased risk of GC in stratified analysis of lymph node metastasis.

Conclusion:
For the first time, our results provide some evidence on the polymorphisms
of miR-143HG associated with GC risk in the Chinese Han population.
Cornel Iridoid Glycoside Suppresses Tau Hyperphosphorylation and Aggregation in a Mouse Model of Tauopathy through Increasing Activity of PP2A
Authors: Ma Denglei , Luo Yi , Huang Rui , Zhao Zirun , Wang Qi , Li Lin , Zhang Lan 
Published: January 2020

Background:rTg4510 mice are transgenic mice expressing P301L mutant tau and have been developed as an animal model of tauopathy including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Cornel Iridoid Glycoside (CIG) is an active ingredient extracted from Cornus officinalis, a traditional Chinese herb. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of CIG on tau pathology and underlying mechanisms using rTg4510 mice.Methods:The cognitive functions were detected by Morris water maze and objective recognition tests. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were conducted to measure the levels of phosphorylated tau and related proteins. Serine/threonine phosphatase assay was applied to detect the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A).Results:Intragastric administration of CIG for 3 months improved learning and memory abilities, prevented neuronal and synapse loss, halted brain atrophy, elevated levels of synaptic proteins, protected cytoskeleton, reduced tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation in the brain of rTg4510 mice. In the mechanism studies, CIG increased the activity of PP2A, elevated the methylation of PP2A catalytic C (PP2Ac) at leucine 309, decreased the phosphorylation of PP2Ac at tyrosine 307, and increased protein expression of leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1 (LCMT-1), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), and protein phosphatase 2A phosphatase activator (PTPA) in the brain of rTg4510 mice.Conclusion:CIG might have the potential to treat tauopathy such as AD via activating PP2A.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity Study of 2,4,6-triaryl Pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Bule Mohammed Hussen , Esfandyari Roghaieh , Tafesse Tadesse Bekele , Amini Mohsen , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali , Abdollahi Mohammad 
Published: January 2020

Background:
α-Glucosidase inhibitors hinder the carbohydrate digestion and play an
important role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. α-glucosidase inhibitors available on the market
are acarbose, miglitol, and voglibose. However, the use of acarbose is diminishing due to related
side effects like diarrhea, bloating and abdominal distension.

Objectives:
This study aimed to synthesize 2,4,6-triaryl pyrimidines derivatives, screen their α-
glucosidase inhibitory activity, perform kinetic and molecular docking studies.

Methods:
A series of 2,4,6-triaryl pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and their α-glucosidase
inhibitory activity was screened in vitro. Pyrimidine derivatives 4a-m were synthesized via a twostep
reaction with a yield between 49 and 93%. The structure of the synthesized compounds was
confirmed by different spectroscopic techniques (IR, NMR and MS). The in vitro α-glucosidase
inhibition activities of the synthesized compounds 4a-m was also evaluated against Saccharomyces
cerevisiae α-glucosidase.

Results and Discussion:
The majority of synthesized compounds had α-glucosidase inhibitory
activity. Particularly compounds 4b and 4g were the most active compounds with an IC50 value of
125.2± 7.2 and 139.8 ± 8.1 μM respectively. The kinetic study performed for the most active
compound 4b revealed that the compound was a competitive inhibitor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
α-glucosidase with Ki of 122 μM. The molecular docking study also revealed that the two
compounds have important binding interactions with the enzyme active site.

Conclusion:
2,4,6-triarylpyrimidine derivative 4a-m were synthesized and screened for α-
glucosidase inhibitory activity. Most of the synthesized compounds possess α-glucosidase inhibitory
activity, and compound 4b demonstrated the most significant inhibitory action as compared to
acarbose.
Phytotherapy of Hypertension: An Updated Overview
Authors: Ajebli Mohammed , Eddouks Mohamed 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Cardiovascular disorders are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the globe. Hypertension is the main risk factor that contributes to the development of many diseases. The use of herbal therapies, medicinal plants and their derivatives for remedying and managing hypertension is well recognized and popular among a wide part of the world population.

Methods:
The aim of the current review was to collect, treat, and critically analyze the published research relative to experimental and clinical investigations which have studied the blood pressure lowering abilities of medicinal plant derivatives in the last decade. This review was organized into three principal axes; the first axis was attributed to the in vivo and in vitro experimental studies; the second treated the clinical trials; while, the last one is devoted to analyze the mechanisms of action underlying the therapeutic antihypertensive effectiveness of phytochemicals.

Results:
Different types of extracts and isolated molecules obtained from a large variety of species demonstrated their efficiency in improving raise of blood pressure either experimentally or clinically. Medicinal species such as garlic (Allium sativum), celery (Apium graveolens), Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) and Ginseng (Panax) are among the most common and therapeutically used plant derivatives for controlling hypertension while Asteraceae, Apiaceae and Rosaceae are among the botanical families which were frequently studied in the last decade. Whereas, isolated compounds such as allicin and apigenin have received more interest in this field. Recent evidence from clinical trials suggests that a wide variety of herbal preparations and plant extracts or natural isolated compounds have a favorable therapeutic impact on blood flow. Interestingly, phytochemicals can either act directly on blood vessels via a vasorelaxant effect involving a variety of signaling cascades or indirectly through inhibiting or stimulating a diversity of systems such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), renin angiotensin system (RAS) or the diuretic activity. Hence, based on the findings of the present review medicinal plant derivatives could be used as preventive and curative agents in the case of cardiovascular disorders, particularly hypertension and could play a promoting function for the discovery of new antihypertensive agents.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the analysis of the published data shows that a great effort remains to be done to investigate the medicinal plants cited as antihypertensive through published ethnopharmacological surveys. The analysis of the literature in this field shows the lack of standardization at the level of experimental study methods as well as the need to study purified molecules. Moreover the mechanistic studies when they exist remain in the whole partial. On the other hand few advanced clinical studies have been conducted. Finally the determination of the efficacy/safety ratio remains absent in almost all studies.
Antimicrobial Activities of Medicinal Plants Containing Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Dikpınar Tuğçe , Süzgeç-Selçuk Sevda 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Medicinal plants have been used to treat diseases for centuries. They are
important sources in terms of their pharmacological effects and also have many microbial agents.
Recently, the development of drug resistance has begun to spread in human pathogens against used
antibiotics and this has led to new research for novel antimicrobial substances from natural products
containing plants.

Objective:
The purpose of this review is to determine the antimicrobial activity of pure phenolic
compounds isolated from medicinal plants, to evaluate how molecular structures of these compounds
affect the activity, and to provide to the readers a source for future studies on natural antimicrobial
agents.

Methods:
Relevant information was gathered from scientific engines and databases (Google Scholar,
Web of Science, Scifinder, Science Direct, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, PubMed, Taylor & Francis
online) using different keywords. Antimicrobial activity research was selected especially on pure
phenolic compounds.

Results:
Numerous phenolic compounds were isolated from plants/plant extracts and were shown to
prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi and their Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) and inhibition
zone values were given in detail.

Conclusion:
This review revealed that phenolic compounds found in medicinal plants have different
antimicrobial activity according to their changes in the molecular structure.
Segmentation of Characters in a Handwritten Kannada Document
Authors: K. Asha , H.K. Krishnappa 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
The main purpose of the proposed research work is to perform the segmentation
of characters from the handwritten Kannada document. The reason behind segmentation is
to support the implementation of handwriting recognition system for Kannada language.

Methodology:
To perform segmentation of characters, input document has to go through gray
scale conversion, denoising, contrast normalization and binarization process.

Result:
Documents collected from ICDAR-2013 and ICDAR-2015 were considered for experiment
and obtained 100% accuracy for line segmentation and 96% accuracy for character segmentation.

Conclusion:
To further improve the efficiency with respect to accuracy of character segmentation,
other pre-processing steps like skew detection and correction shall be considered.
Effect of Marble Dust and Basalt Fiber on the Energy Absorbance of Concrete Measured through Impact Loading Method
Authors: Krishna A. Siva , Gobinath Ravindran , Awoyera Paul O. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
The use of limestone mac marble powder in concrete was engaged at the second part of the 1990 years to reduce the cost of cement and concrete manufacturing as well as its benefits on cement-based materials.

Objective:
Aim of this study is to examine the effect of marble dust and basalt fibers on the impact load resistance of concrete.

Methods:
Marble powder at 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% of cement weight was used as an admixture for the concrete mixes. Basalt fiber and polypropylene fibers were randomly added to fresh concrete mix at volume ratios of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% by weight of cement. Slabs were cast and cured in water for 56 days. The resistance of the slabs to impact loading (absorption energy) was determined using an impact loading machine having hammer weight of 14.6kg and falling at a height of 38cm. Results: The study showed that basalt fiber reinforced slabs developed higher absorbance energy than the polypropylene reinforced samples.

Conclusions:
By this result, there is an indication that both compactness and strong fiber link of basalt reinforced slabs provide more rigidity to the slabs.
An Efficient Congestion Avoiding Approach for Optimal Path Finding for Emergency Vehicle
Authors: Rajak Biru , Mallick Shrabani , Kushwaha Dharmender S. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Emergency vehicles required a quick clearance so as to reach the destination
with minimum delay and the human life could be saved. Emergency vehicle required a dedicated
path for clearance. The dedicated path creates a chaos by blocking the entire route for others vehicles
and it is not always possible to create a dedicated path. So there is an imperative need for a
smart road navigation system which adapts to the traffic congestion in real-time velocity of vehicle,
count of vehicle, number of lanes and distance from source to destination.

Objective:
The objective of this paper is to find an optimal route for providing a least congested optimal
route for emergency vehicle with least delay considering various issues such as congestion,
numbers of vehicles, average traffic flow on the roads and width of the lane between source and
destination.

Proposed approach:
Real-time traffic data like number of vehicles, velocity of the vehicles, and the width of
the road and distance of the route are used to determine the congestion factor on all possible route.
Congestion factor is used for finding the shortest route to requesting emergency vehicle.

Result:
Experimental results establish that the travel time of a vehicle is reduced by approximately
26%, when the vehicle uses the optimized route. This is beneficial for any emergency vehicle as the
optimal path is provided on a real-time basis.

Conclusion:
This research work proposes an analytical approach that provides the least congested
optimal route on-demand based on real-time traffic.
Analisis de marketing en las tiendas y superetes de la ciudad de San Juan de Pasto
Authors: Arteaga Flórez Andrea Lorena , De La Rosa Salazar Diego Marcel 
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo tiene como propósito analizar los aspectos relacionados con el marketing de las tiendas y superetes de la ciudad de San Juan de Pasto, es así que, este escrito es el resultado de una investigación cuantitativa, pretendiendo dar una explicación de una realidad social con un tipo de estudio descriptivo y un método deductivo, a través de herramientas de recolección de información documental y una encuesta a los tenderos de los diferentes barrios de la ciudad en mención.

Lo anterior en función de la importancia que tienen las tiendas y superetes en los consumidores de los diferentes barrios de la ciudad, los cuales, a pesar de la incursión de las grandes superficies y otro tipo de negocios, aun gozan de gran prestigio no solamente por el papel que ejercen dentro del canal, sino también porque se constituyen en fuente de sustento para una infinidad de familias.

Finalmente, se exponen acciones de marketing, las cuales apuntar a mejorar la competitividad de tiendas y superetes en función de sus objetivos y además esta información se constituye para el tendero en un insumo de información de aquellas variables que pueden contribuir a generar mayores ingresos en sus negocios.