bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengawetan Bambu dengan Metode Boucherie
Authors: Putri Rumanintya Lisaria , Rochmawati Lya , Nandika Dodi , Darmawan I Wayan 
Published: November 2020

Bamboo is known as fast-growing species that could be derived into various products. However, bamboo is suspectible to the wood destroying organisms. Preservation is one way to improve the service life of bamboo. This study aimed to analyze the effect of differences in anatomical structures of betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper Backer) and andong bamboo (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinaceae (Steudel) Widjaja), and the effect of pressure on the flow time and retention of entiblu preservative in the Boucherie method. Bamboo stems with diameters of 10-14 cm were cut in 1; 1,5; 2; and 2,5 m lengths. The bamboo stems with moisture content of around 30% were preserved by 5% of entiblu preservative solution. The data observed were the flow time of the preservative entiblu solution from base of the stem until dripping on the top of the bamboo culm, and the retention of preservative. The anatomical structure of the bamboo trunk before preserving was also observed. The results showed that the average flow times in andong bamboo and betung bamboo were 37.75 minutes and 41.50 minutes, respectively. The average retention of entiblu solution on andong bamboo was 3.49 kg/m³ and on betung bamboo was 3.60 kg/m³. Keywords: andong bamboo, betung bamboo, anatomical structure, boucherie method, entiblu preservative
Dieta ketogeniczna - mechanizm działania i perspektywy zastosowania w terapii: dane z badań klinicznych
Authors: Pondel Natalia , Liśkiewicz Daniela , Liśkiewicz Arkadiusz 
Published: November 2020

Dieta ketogeniczna jest dietą bardzo niskowęglowodanową i wysokotłuszczową indukującą wzmożoną produkcję ciał ketonowych, które stanowią alternatywne do glukozy źródło energii. Dieta ketogeniczna od prawie wieku wykorzystywana jest w terapii padaczki. W ostatnich latach obserwuje się wzrost zainteresowania naukowców dietą ketogeniczną w leczeniu także innych chorób, co związane jest z plejotropowym efektem jaki dieta ta wywiera na organizm w tym na procesy zapalne, stres oksydacyjny, gospodarkę energetyczną oraz komórkowe szlaki przekaźnictwa sygnału. Prowadzone są badania nad wykorzystaniem diety ketogenicznej w terapii m.in. otyłości, cukrzycy typu 2, oraz wspomagająco w leczeniu wybranych typów nowotworów i chorób neurologicznych. W artykule dokonano przeglądu badań klinicznych dotyczących możliwości stosowania diety ketogenicznej w leczeniu wybranych chorób oraz przedstawiono potencjalne mechanizmy warunkujące właściwości terapeutyczne tej diety. Opisano także procesy metaboliczne charakterystyczne dla stanu ketozy żywieniowej oraz przedyskutowano istotne praktyczne aspekty stosowania diety ketogenicznej.
In-vitro Antibacterial Effects of Aqueous, Ethanolic, Methanolic, Acetone and Hydro Ethanolic Extracts of Achillea Millefolium on Standard Klebsiella, S. pyogenes, and Oral Bacterias Strains
Authors: Fallah Negar , Namazi Sanaz , Balmeh Negar , Mahmoudi Samira , Mirzaei Poor Fereshteh 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: So far, a lot of attempts have been carried out to find antimicrobial compounds. In this study, it was also tried to investigate the antibacterial effects of Achillea millefolium on standard Klebsiella, S. pyogenes, and oral bacterias strain.
Material and Methods: The aerial parts of Achillea millefolium were used and the aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic, acetone and hydroethanolic extracts were prepared. After the preparation of standard strains of Klebsiella, S. pyogenes, and oral bacterias and sterilization of extracts by the Millipore filter, the antibacterial effects of these extracts on the mentioned microorganisms were assessed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and well diffusion at the concentration 50 mg/ml. The test was repeated three times for each bacterium.
Results: It was exposed that aqueous extract of Achillea millefolium had the most distinguished antimicrobial effects against all studied strains and methanolic extract had antimicrobial effects only on S. pyogenes. MIC and MBC of effective extracts were the basic concentration (50mg/ml), and non-growth zone was not observed in other serial dilution in case of all bacteria.
Conclusion: The Achillea millefolium can be admitted as an antibacterial medicinal herb. Thus, it can be concluded that after evaluating their effects in vitro, Achillea millefolium can be utilized as an alternative to the routine chemical drugs.
A Review on Maggot Therapy by Lucilia Sericata Larvae on Infectious Wounds
Authors: Ehteshaminia Yahya , Mohammadi Hamid , Mahdavi Seif Ali , Rahimi Mohammadtaghi 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The use of fly larvae has been utilized to heal wounds for centuries. With the advent of antibiotics and new surgical procedures, the application of this method has diminished. With the increase in the prevalence of chronic wounds and emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, it is important to provide a solution that can overcome these problems and treat infectious wounds. This review illustrates the effect of L. sericata on the infectious wound healing and the side effects as well as how to employ the method with these larvae.
Material and Methods: In this study a narrative review was carried out. The corpus was collected by searching the keywords of Lucilia sericata, Phanicia sericata, maggot therapy in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, SID, Google Scholar search engine. The studied articles were those which has been published on the interaction between the maggot therapy and Lucilia sericata until 2019.
Results: L. sericata larvae only deal with dead, necrotic tissue and do not harm healthy tissue and prevent the bacterial growth by secreting ammonia and also reduce the number of bacteria on the wound by eating them. Furthermore, by moving the larvae and producing cytokines, it increases the blood circulation in the affected area and the diapedesis of phagocytes increases and wound healing facilitates.
Conclusion: Due to wound healing and disinfection of L. sericata larvae, with considering the conditions of wound, we could use maggot therapy instead of the other treatment methods because of high efficiency and safety and low complications and costs.
Factors Influencing Adolescents’ Sexually Risky Behaviors in Botswana
Authors: Malinga Tumani , Modie-Moroka Tirelo 
Published: November 2020

Adolescents’ sexual behaviours are a public health challenge as it exposes them to health risks. Psychosocial pathways may lead to accumulation of risks that may disrupt normal developmental trajectories and sexual and reproductive health among adolescents. Some factors linked to sexual and reproductive health risks occur because of cultural and traditional practices. This paper explores factors influencing adolescents’ sexual behaviours using the Modified Social-Ecological Model. The Modified Social-Ecological model examines the dynamic, integrative, multilevel, and multidimensional influences in the person-environment transactions. Interventions should focus on all the level as these impacts on the life course to address adolescents’ sexual behaviours. Policies at the macro level can have positive outcomes on other levels by ensuring the availability and accessibility of relevant services to help strengthen families.
Liver injury in COVID-19: two clinical cases
Authors: Nikitin I. G. , Ilchenko L. Yu. , Fedorov I. G. , Totolyan G. G. 
Published: November 2020

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019, a disease caused by a new coronavirus 2019) continues to threaten world public healthcare. Epidemiological data indicate that patients with metabolic disorders and chronic illnesses are most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Potential factors for organ involvement include systemic hyperimmune-mediated inflammation due to the “cytokine storm”, cytopathic effects, hypoxia, drug toxicities, etc. In addition, SARS-CoV-2, by interaction with ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) receptors in the vasculature endothelium results in endothelial dysfunction, increased permeability, microcirculatory abnormalities, vascular thrombophilia and thrombus formation. The diagnosis of COVID-19 is confirmed by detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in biological samples and serum antibodies. The infection is associated with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, increased С-reactive protein, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and D-dimer. Abnormalities in functional liver tests seen in COVID-19 are associated with progression and severity of the infection. The mechanism of direct cytotoxicity due to active SARS-CoV-2 replication in hepatocytes are not fully understood and is likely to be related to potential proliferation of hepatocytes, liver injury in response to systemic inflammation, and development of drug hepatic toxicity. We present a clinical case of drug-induced hepatitis in a patient with COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab, an inhibitor of interleukin 6 receptors. Prolonged increase in blood enzymes after treatment cessation is likely related to a longer half-elimination time of tocilizumab, which affects the oxidation-reduction system of liver cytochromes. Patients with chronic liver disorders are more vulnerable to clinical sequelae of СOVID-19, while the infection is frequently associated with hypoxia and hypoxemia due to severe pneumonia or the “cytokine storm”. In addition, patients who have been diagnosed with liver cirrhosis are at high risk of morbidity and mortality due to their higher proneness to infections, first of all, due to systemic immune deficiency that was demonstrated in the second clinical case. Decompensated liver cirrhosis is related not only to a higher risk of more severe COVID-19, but also to progression of chronic liver disease as such. To achieve effective results of causal and nosotropic therapy for COVID-19, it is highly significant to provide thorough clinical monitoring, tailored approach to the treatment of each patient with consideration of their comorbidities, immune status, and drug interactions.
Evaluation of microRNA profile in cervical epithelium for predicting cervical cancer recurrence
Authors: Maksimov A. Yu. , Timoshkova M. Yu. , Verenikina E. V. , Lukbanova E. A. , Kecheryukova M. M. 
Published: November 2020

Background: To predict the development and recurrence of cervical cancer (CC), we selected three oncoassociated miRNAs: miRNA-20a, -21, whose overexpression leads to the development of tumors, and -23b, which acts as an oncosuppressor. Aim: To evaluate the microRNA profile in the cervical epithelium for predicting CC recurrence in patients who underwent early treatment.Materials and methods: In the study of the informativeness of expression included 145 patients with T1a1-T2a1N0M0 CC who were followed up for 2 years after treatment. Expression of microR-NA-20a, -21 and -23b was analyzed in tumor tissue samples.Results: The risk of recurrence decreased from 1.0 to 0.92 after 1 year of the follow-up, and to 0.84 after 2 years. The initial expression of microRNA-20a and -21 in the cervical epithelium in patients with recurrent CC was 44% and 47% higher, respectively, than in patients without recurrence, while microRNA-23b expression was 46% lower. When initial levels of microRNA-20a and -21 expressions were 1.08 and 1.18, respectively, the risk of CC recurrence during the first two years after the surgery increased by 10.15 and 7.62 times, respectively. MicroRNA-20a expression in cervical epithelium equal to 1.08 was associated with 23% risk, and equal to 1.4 - with 79.7% risk. MicroRNA-21 expression equal to 1.18 was associated with 15% risk of CC recurrence; equal to 1.4 - with 55.5% risk; equal to 1.7 - 94.6%. Logistic regression showed that recurrence risks increased sharply when microRNA-23b expression declined.Conclusion: We registered higher levels of mi-croRNA-20a and -21 expressions and lower mi-croRNA-23b expression in patients with recurrent CC, compared to favorable course of the disease. An analysis of the expression profiles of micro-RNA-20a, -21 and -23b after CC diagnosis allow prognosis of recurrence risks within 2 years after the tumor removal surgery.
Design, development and evaluation of contextualised learning materials in consumer electronics
Authors: Arante Ramil Bontilao , Sacay Mary Rose , Bocboc Vivialyn , Baisa Dainty Bianca 
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to design and develop a learning material in consumer electronics servicing (LM-CES) for grade 7 technology and livelihood education (TLE) for La Union National High School, Cabadbaran City, Philippines, and to address the problem of scarcity of instructional materials. Using the developmental research design, the LM-CES followed the analysis, design, develop, implement and evaluate model. The participants of the study are limited to the teacher education students of Caraga State University Cabadbaran Campus who provided essential comments and ratings of the learning material (LM) by using a given rubric and faculty members who are experts in the field due to the threat of the global pandemic. It has also undergone teaching demonstration evaluation for its content, organisation/clarity, completeness, grammar/mechanics, documentation, delivery and interaction. The overall rating from the peer evaluators was 2.99 with a descriptive rating of satisfactory or proficient. It implies that the researchers still need to enhance the lesson towards its completeness in order to attain its objectives. To further enhance LM-CES, a test run of the LM on its target end users in the actual classroom setting as well as an evaluation by some TLE teachers, who are also experts in teaching the subject, are hereby recommended.

Keywords: Contextualised, design, development, evaluation, instructional materials, learning materials.
Methodological issues of education monitoring and evaluation
Authors: Safaryan Naira 
Published: November 2020

This research explores the opportunities of monitoring education. The research presents the monitoring as the general methodological basis of education management structure. The research also reveals the aspects of educational approach description or concept of the educational approach. The strategic analysis of an educational or training program is done. The function of monitoring as a necessary theoretical and methodological background to evaluation work is shown here. The research indicates the essence of evaluation as a main strategy of the training program. It showed the evaluation work as applied and strategic ways to examine the added -value and acknowledge the impact of educational or training methods. It shows the evaluation as a strategic analysis to inform practice and assess impact. The research also reveals the monitoring as a deeper level of analysis explores the added value of programs to inform future work and establishes a written record of practice. A separate supervising function of monitoring which practices addition and necessary theoretical and methodological background to evaluation work is shown here.
Literature Review: Coal Dust Exposure and Pulmonary Physiology Status
Authors: Putri Nadya Safitri 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Occupational disease is a problem due to the dangers that exist in the work environment. One of the dangers is dust. Dust, either organic or inorganic, is a chemical agent that can cause impairment in the human respiratory tract. As a side result of the processing process in coal mining, coal dust is one example of the danger in the working environment. The flying dust can enter the worker’s respiratory tract and cause adverse effects, which should be noted. This study aims to analyze coal dust exposure to pulmonary physiology status and explore what risk factors cause a decline in pulmonary physiology status. Discussion: This study used the literature review method by using research data with the same topic as secondary data. The selected research was a cross-sectional design. The literature review results showed that the inclusion of coal dust was influenced by several variables, such as dust content, age, employment, smoking habits, and the use of PPE. Conclusion: The most widely found variable has a relationship with the pulmonary physiology status is a variable of coal dust levels, age, length of work, and smoking habit.
Surgeon educator perspectives of implementing a National Undergraduate Curriculum in otolaryngology
Authors: Hall Andrew , Jones Huw , Hannan Alam 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe General Medical Council will be implementing a national examination for all UK medical students in 2022. Our aim was to review surgeon educator perceptions on the future implementation of an associated undergraduate national curriculum in otolaryngology within a UK School of Surgery.MethodsA mixed methods study was performed to assess ENT surgeon educator perspectives of a change to a national curriculum in ENT. Responses were reviewed with respect to teaching content, quality and student experience with degree of agreement assessed with Likert scoring. Associated qualitative focus group sessions were performed and responses underwent detailed thematic analysis according to grounded theory.ResultsA response rate of 50% was achieved with twenty-one participants analysed working in fourteen hospitals. These held an average of eight years undergraduate teaching experience. These showed strong agreement believing implementation of a national curriculum would improve the standard of teaching delivered at a personal, institutional and national level. There was also agreement on a minimum baseline for teaching exposure by students. 95% of surgeon educators in otolaryngology were in support of future adoption of a change to a centralized national otolaryngology curriculum in contrast to conventional expectations of resistance. Further related themes were identified relating to the personal, institutional and specialty related factors influencing practical delivery of a national curriculum that can help shape this delivery.ConclusionsEvaluating the future implementation of a national curriculum in ENT from those involved in the regular practical delivery of undergraduate medical education was previously unassessed within the medical literature. A series of practical recommendations are made to assist the implementation of a national ENT curriculum in contrast to the current locally led system. These were divided into areas of teaching content, teaching quality and student experience. A national curriculum appears to offer a philosophically accessible and popular re-imagining for future undergraduate otolaryngology training. Our findings aim to offer assistance to other similar surgical sub-specialties facing similar challenges internationally.
High common childhood illnesses while the treatment-seeking behavior of mothers/caregivers’ was low in rural northwest Ethiopia in 2018. A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kebede Zemene Tigabu , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu , Merid Mehari Woldemariam , Akalu Temesgen Yihunie , Amare Ashenafi Tazebew , Toni Alemayehu Teklu , Bikis Gashaw Andargie , Ayele Tadesse Awoke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: In most developing countries, childhood illness, and deaths are among the most challenging health issues. Most of these deaths were due to preventable causes including acute respiratory infections (ARI), diarrhea, and febrile illnesses. Thus, the identification of determinants of this childhood illness would help to guide strategic planning and prioritize interventions.Method: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted. A two-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select households and mothers/caregivers. A total of 2,158 mothers/caregivers with at least one under-five child were included. Mothers/caregivers were interviewed at their homes using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for variables with P-value <0.05 in the multivariable model were reported to show the significance and the direction of the association. Result: The overall prevalence of childhood illnesses was 16.5% (95% CI: 15.0, 18.2). Of all, 6.5% (95% CI: 5.5, 6.72), 7.5% (95% CI: 6.5, 8.76), and 12.0% (95% CI: 10.66, 13.40) had diarrhea, ARI, and fever, respectively. The treatment-seeking behavior of mothers/care-givers for any of the childhood illnesses was 22.7% (18.72, 27.42). The odds of childhood illness was higher among mothers’ age 15-19 years (AOR=2.87-; 95%CI: 1.33, 6.13), employed mothers’ (AOR=2.28; 95%CI: 1.84, 4.39), living far away from the nearest health center (AOR=1.02; 95%CI: 1.005, 1.027), presence of two under-five children (AOR=1.33;955CI: 1.029,1.74) and three or more under-five children in the house (AOR=2.70; 95%CI: 1.12, 6.53) than a single child. About 23% (95% CI: 18.7, 27.4) of mothers/caregivers sought health care for the sick child. Mothers’ occupation (AOR= 4.08 (95% CI: 1.35, 12.39) was the only independent predictor of treatment-seeking behavior.Conclusion: The common childhood illness remains high while the treatment-seeking behavior of the caregivers’ was low. Mothers’ age, occupation, distance from the health center, and the presence of two or more under-five children in the house were independent factors of childhood illness. Being skilled mothers was significantly associated with good health-seeking behavior of mothers/caregivers. Thus, involving women in skilled/semi-skilled occupations would help in decreasing childhood illness and enhance health-seeking behaviors for their under-five children.
Serum Periostin Levels at Birth as a Predictor for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Premature Infants.
Authors: Go Hayato , Ono Junya , Ohto Hitoshi , Nollet Kenneth E. , Sato Kenichi , Kume Yohei , Maeda Hajime , Chishiki Mina , Haneda Kentaro , Ichikawa Hirotaka , Kashiwabara Nozomi , Kanai Yuji , Ogasawara Kei , Sato Maki , Hashimoto Koichi , Nunomura Satoshi , Izuhara Kenji , Hosoya Mitsuaki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common morbidity complicating preterm birth and affects long-term respiratory outcomes. Periostin plays an important role in the development of various disease such as allergic and pulmonary diseases. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the perinatal factors affecting serum periostin levels at birth and to establish whether serum periostin at birth, day of life (DOL) 28 and corrected 36 week’s gestational age could be potential biomarkers for BPD.Methods: A total of 139 preterm (n=98) and healthy (n=41) infants were included in this study. Among of them, 98 infants born < 32 weeks were divided into BPD (n=44) and non-BPD infants (n=54). Serum periostin levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The median serum periostin levels at birth in preterm infants born < 32 weeks were significantly higher than those in healthy infants. Furthermore, there were significant inverse correlations between gestational age, birth weight, and serum periostin levels at birth among all 139 preterm and healthy infants. Among preterm infants born < 32 weeks, with BPD and without BPD infants, the median serum periostin levels at birth were higher with BPD than without (345.0 ng/mL vs 278.0 ng/mL, P=0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that serum periostin levels at birth was significantly associated with BPD (P=0.032). Receiver operating characteristic analysis for serum periostin levels at birth in infants with and without BPD revealed that the area under the curve were 0.725 (95% CI 0.627- 0.822, P=0.0001). Serum periostin levels at birth with moderate/severe BPD were significantly higher than those with non-BPD/mild BPD (338.5 ng/mL vs 283.5 ng/mL, P=0.0032).Conclusions: Serum periostin levels at birth were significantly correlated with BW and GA. Furthermore, serum periostin levels at birth could serve as a biomarker for predicting BPD.