bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lagrangian radial basis function‐based particle hydrodynamics method and its application for viscous flows
Authors: Liang Xu , Huang Decai , Wang Tao , Liu Zhen , Zhu Ronghua , Wang Lizhong , Huang Can 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA Lagrangian radial basis function‐based particle hydrodynamics method (RBFPH) is proposed. In RBFPH method, the differential quadrature technique is combined with radial basis function (RBF) to obtain the meshless high‐dimensional derivative approximations for randomly distributed particles; a particular solution of RBF is chosen to ensure the positive definite of the interpolating matrix. Like the conventional RBF, RBFPH has the advantages of simple form, isotropy and high accuracy, and is suitable for numerical calculation. Moreover, all particles in RBFPH can move with the fluid, so RBFPH may conveniently compute complex flows with the moving boundary. A series of numerical examples are conducted to test the accuracy of RBFPH, and the results show the RBFPH has second‐order convergence, which shows its great advantage in terms of accuracy. The RBFPH is validated by its application to the simulations of Taylor–Green flow, lid driven shear cavity flows, stretching of a free‐surface circular fluid patch and flows around a cylinder. Excellent agreements with analytical solutions and reference results indicate that the proposed method has a promising application in simulating viscous flows with the moving boundary, large deformation, and free surface.
Study protocol for a multisite randomized controlled trial of an internet and mobile‐based intervention for preventing and reducing perinatal depressive symptoms
Authors: Kinser Patricia , Jallo Nancy , Huberty Jennifer , Jones Evelyn , Thacker Leroy , Moyer Sara , Laird Breanne , Rider Amy , Lanni Susan , Drozd Filip , Haga Silje 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNearly 20% of women in the United States experience clinically significant depressive symptoms during pregnancy or the postpartum period. These women may benefit from easily accessible, nonpharmacologic, and inexpensive self‐management approaches, such as via internet and mobile‐based interventions, to prevent development of symptoms and/or intervene with current symptoms. This paper summarizes the research protocol of a nationally‐funded large‐scale randomized controlled study to evaluate “Mamma Mia,” a self‐guided program with 44 modules that women use throughout pregnancy to 6 months postpartum. The program contains a novel combination of components designed to enable women to enhance self‐efficacy, emotional self‐regulation, and perceived social support. The overall goal of this three‐arm longitudinal randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of this self‐management approach in diverse women in the U.S. (n = 1950). Enrolled pregnant women will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) “Mamma Mia” alone, which is self‐guided; (2) “Mamma Mia Plus” in which participants engage in the “Mamma Mia” modules plus receive brief guided support from a registered nurse; or (3) usual prenatal/postpartum care. The first specific aim is to evaluate effects by group on the primary outcome of interest, depressive symptoms, over time. The second aim is to evaluate effects by group on subjective well‐being, anxiety, and stress. Using a conceptual framework based upon Individual and Family Self‐Management Theory, the third aim is to evaluate possible mediators (self‐efficacy, emotion self‐regulation, perceived support) and possible moderators (e.g., race/ethnicity, type of healthcare clinician) of this self‐management approach.
Synthesis and characterization of novel laccol based polyurethanes
Authors: Arachchilage Imalka H. A. M. , Basi Joseph , Islam Shahedul , Harmon Julie P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDevelopment of polyurethanes (PU) has come a long way from their origin in 1937 and has unique applications in a diverse set of fields. Recent PU developments are focusing more on the naturally‐derived diols in the synthesis process in an effort to make them more environmentally friendly. In this study, three different diisocyanates (aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and aromatic diisocyanates) were combined with laccol, which extracted from Vietnamese lacquer sap (Toxicodendron succedanea) to synthesize novel PUs. Influence of the different diisocyanates in novel PUs, hydrogen bonding capability, and crosslinking ability were investigated to provide a broader characteristic scope for future developments. Resulting materials illustrated good thermal stability after exposed to higher temperatures and the hydrogen bonding regions corresponding to NH (3326 cm−1) and CO (1652 cm−1) groups were shifted to higher wavenumber according to Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy analysis. Further curing occurred with temperature treatment and improved the overall quality of novel PUs. Powder X‐ray analysis, micro hardness, and swelling analysis were utilized to identify molecular packing and crosslinking effects. Higher crosslink density observed for cycloaliphatic and aromatic diisocyanate incorporated novel polyurethanes compared to aliphatic diisocyanate incorporated polyurethane.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of tramadol to inform dose adjustment and drug‐drug interactions according to CYP2D6 phenotypes
Authors: Xu Miao , Zheng Liang , Zeng Jin , Xu Wenwen , Jiang Xuehua , Wang Ling 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to establish physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of tramadol and its active metabolite O‐desmethyltramadol (M1) and to explore the influence of CYP2D6 gene polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of tramadol and M1. Furthermore, we used PBPK modeling to prospectively predict the extent of drug‐drug interactions (DDIs) in the presence of genetic polymorphisms when tramadol was co‐administered with the CYP2D6 inhibitors duloxetine and paroxetine.MethodsPlasma concentrations of tramadol and M1 were used to adjust the turnover frequency (Kcat) of CYP2D6 for phenotype populations with different CYP2D6 genotypes. PBPK models were developed to capture the pharmacokinetics between CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers (EMs), intermediate metabolizers (IMs), poor metabolizers (PMs), and ultra‐rapid metabolizers (UMs). The validated models were then used to support dose adjustment in different CYP2D6 phenotypes and to predict the extent of CYP2D6‐mediated DDIs when tramadol was co‐administered with paroxetine or duloxetine.ResultsThe PBPK models we built accurately describe tramadol and M1 exposure in the population with different CYP2D6 phenotypes. In our prediction, the area under the concentration‐time curve (AUCinf‐tDlast ) of M1 is 70% lower in PMs than in EMs, 27% lower in IMs, and 15% higher in UMs. Based on the models we built, we suggest that the oral dose of tramadol should be 50% higher for IMs and 25% lower for UMs to achieve an approximately equivalent plasma exposure of M1 as in EMs. When tramadol was co‐administered with paroxetine or duloxetine, the magnitude of the inhibitor‐substrate interaction was lowest in EMs (0.45), secondary in IMs (0.39), and highest in PMs (0.18) in terms of M1.ConclusionThe current example uses the PBPK model to guide dose adjustment of tramadol and to predict the effect of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms on DDIs for rational clinical use of tramadol in the future.
Bond flexing, twisting, anharmonicity and responsivity for the infrared‐active modes of benzene
Authors: Yang Yong , Xu Tianlv , Kirk Steven R. , Jenkins Samantha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this investigation we have used next generation QTAIM to fully quantity the response to the four infrared (IR)‐active modes of all the bonding in benzene. This has been undertaken in terms of bond‐flexing, bond‐torsion and bond‐anharmonicity and the tendencies toward IR‐responsivity and IR‐non‐responsivity. Bond‐anharmonicity was not present for the CC bonds of the lowest frequency mode (721.57 cm−1) measured as the absence of relative sliding of the bond critical point (BCP) along the containing bond‐path. Additionally, bond‐flexing and bond‐anharmonicity were absent for this mode by the variation of the wrapping (torsion) of the {p,p′} path‐packet, referred to as the Precession K, along the bond‐path. The remaining three IR‐active mode possessed step‐like and variations in the K profiles and displayed anharmonic character. The presence of non‐nuclear attractors was detected for the IR‐active mode with frequency 1573.93 cm−1 with CC K profiles that most closely resemble those of the relaxed benzene.
Smartphones for latent fingerprint processing and photography: A revolution in forensic science
Authors: Haertel Maryah E. M. , Linhares Eduardo J. , de Melo André L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSmartphones are a great technological revolution of the last decade. Their characteristics, such as high‐resolution cameras, internal storage, and processing capacity, make them useful for different technical solutions, such as forensics. The latent fingerprint is a critical piece of evidence in crime scenes; it is invisible to the naked eye, so different methods for improving visualization are essential. Several techniques, based on chemical and physical processes, have been developed over time. Smartphones can help improve visualization through optical features. Recent studies have evaluated combining methods of acquiring latent fingerprints with smartphones, showing different principles for this purpose. Using this type of tool remains controversial, especially regarding its admissibility in court. Studies in this area are necessary since these tools would make the lives of forensic scientists much easier. Among the main reasons for its application in crime scenes are ease of use, wide availability for purchase, and the low cost involved, which is of great interest to developing countries. This work aims to show that a smartphone camera is also a suitable tool for enhancing and acquiring latent digital fingerprints with sufficient quality for forensic use. This review shows further research and discusses image quality, admissibility in court, and its importance for developing countries due to its low cost.This article is categorized under:
Digital and Multimedia Science > Mobile Forensics
Crime Scene Investigation > From Traces to Intelligence and Evidence
Digital and Multimedia Science > Multimedia Forensics
Einleitung
Authors: Krebs Marcel , Mäder Roger , Mezzera Tanya 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie tiefe Überzeugung, dass es uns nur dann gut gehen kann als Gesellschaft und Staat, wenn für das Wohlergehen und für Perspektiven auch für die Verletzlichen unter uns gesorgt ist, brachte mich zur Sozialen Arbeit. Die Präambel unserer Bundesverfassung beinhaltet, dass «…die Stärke des Volkes sich misst am Wohl der Schwachen» – diesem Grundwert mit Taten zu folgen, motiviert mich auch heute noch täglich. Die Thematik Sucht zieht sich durch meinen beruflichen Werdegang.
A composite Higgs with a heavy composite axion
Authors: Gherghetta Tony , Nguyen Minh D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We consider the strong dynamics associated with a composite Higgs model that simultaneously produces dynamical axions and solves the strong CP problem. The strong dynamics arises from a new Sp or SU(4) hypercolor gauge group containing QCD colored hyperfermions that confines at a high scale. The hypercolor global symmetry is weakly gauged by the Standard Model electroweak gauge group and an enlarged color group, SU(N + 3) × SU(N)′. When hyperfermion condensates form, they not only lead to an SU(5)/SO(5) composite Higgs model but also spontaneously break the enlarged color group to SU(3)c× SU(N)D. At lower energies, the SU(N)D group confines, producing two dynamical axions that eliminates all CP violation. Furthermore, small instantons from the SU(N)′ group can enhance the axion mass, giving rise to TeV scale axion masses that can be detected at collider experiments. Our model provides a way to unify the composite Higgs with dynamical axions, without introducing new elementary scalar fields, while also extending the range of axion masses that addresses the strong CP problem.
Twelve-month service use, suicidality and mental health problems of European adolescents after a school-based screening for current suicidality
Authors: Kaess Michael , Schnyder N. , Michel C. , Brunner R. , Carli V. , Sarchiapone M. , Hoven C. W. , Wasserman C. , Apter A. , Balazs J. , Bobes J. , Cosman D. , Haring C. , Kahn J.-P. , Keeley H. , Kereszteny A. , Podlogar T. , Postuvan V. , Varnik A. , Resch F. , Wasserman D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSuicide is one of the leading causes of death in adolescents and help-seeking behaviour for suicidal behaviour is low. School-based screenings can identify adolescents at risk for suicidal behaviour and might have the potential to facilitate service use and reduce suicidal behaviour. The aim of this study was to assess associations of a two-stage school-based screening with service use and suicidality in adolescents (aged 15 ± 0.9 years) from 11 European countries after one year. Students participating in the ‘Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe’ (SEYLE) study completed a self-report questionnaire including items on suicidal behaviour. Those screening positive for current suicidality (first screening stage) were invited to an interview with a mental health professional (second stage) who referred them for treatment, if necessary. At 12-month follow-up, students completed the same self-report questionnaire including questions on service use within the past year. Of the N = 12,395 SEYLE participants, 516 (4.2%) screened positive for current suicidality and were invited to the interview. Of these, 362 completed the 12-month follow-up with 136 (37.6%) self-selecting to attend the interview (screening completers). The majority of both screening completers (81.9%) and non-completers (91.6%) had not received professional treatment within one year, with completers being slightly more likely to receive it (χ2(1) = 8.948, V = 0.157, p ≤ 0.01). Screening completion was associated with higher service use (OR 2.695, se 1.017, p ≤ 0.01) and lower suicidality at follow-up (OR 0.505, se 0.114, p ≤ 0.01) after controlling for potential confounders. This school-based screening offered limited evidence for the improvement of service use for suicidality. Similar future programmes might improve interview attendance rate and address adolescents’ barriers to care.
Oxidative stress and inflammation: determinants of anthracycline cardiotoxicity and possible therapeutic targets
Authors: Fabiani Iacopo , Aimo Alberto , Grigoratos Chrysanthos , Castiglione Vincenzo , Gentile Francesco , Saccaro Luigi F , Arzilli Chiara , Cardinale Daniela , Passino Claudio , Emdin Michele 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChemotherapy with anthracycline-based regimens remains a cornerstone of treatment of many solid and blood tumors but is associated with a significant risk of cardiotoxicity, which can manifest as asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction or overt heart failure. These effects are typically dose-dependent and cumulative and may require appropriate screening strategies and cardioprotective therapies in order to minimize changes to anticancer regimens or even their discontinuation. Our current understanding of cardiac damage by anthracyclines includes a central role of oxidative stress and inflammation. The identification of these processes through circulating biomarkers or imaging techniques might then be helpful for early diagnosis and risk stratification. Furthermore, therapeutic strategies relieving oxidative stress and inflammation hold promise to prevent heart failure development or at least to mitigate cardiac damage, although further evidence is needed on their efficacy, either alone or as part of combination therapies with neurohormonal antagonists, which are the current adopted standard.
Life after Social Death: Leaving the Jehovah’s Witnesses, Identity Transition and Recovery
Authors: Ransom Heather J. , Monk Rebecca L. , Qureshi Adam , Heim Derek 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is well documented that religiosity is linked with positive indicators of well-being, but less research has examined the psychosocial impacts of leaving “high-control” religions. Theoretically situated in recovery and desistance literature underpinned by the social identity approach, the current study examined cross-sectionally the extent to which ‘disfellowshipped’ former Jehovah’s Witnesses’ experiences of ostracism and post-exit identification with others are associated with diminished psychological well-being and identity transition success. It also examined the extent to which the type of exit (forced vs. voluntary) and prior religious commitment shaped these outcomes. The authors recruited 554 adults (62% female; M age = 37.26, SD age = 12.82) via online social support networks for former Jehovah’s Witnesses. Path analysis tested the mediating and moderating functions of exit method (forced vs. voluntary), commitment level during membership, and post-exit group identification with groups on outcomes of identity transition, recovery identity, self-esteem, and well-being. Results indicate that individuals who voluntarily left the Jehovah’s Witnesses reported more ostracism than those who were disfellowshipped (forced out) and that a higher level of prior religious commitment was associated with post-religious identity transition success and diminished self-esteem. Findings further suggest that distinct aspects of respondents’ social identity were related differentially to outcomes in partial support of the theoretical framework. Future research and theory development efforts are deemed necessary to better understand the etiology of how exiting high-control religions impacts psychosocial outcomes.
The Importance of Biosemiotics for Morphology
Authors: Schult Joachim , Preik Onno , Kirschner Stefan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMorphology and its relevance for systematics is a promising field for the application of biosemiotic principles in scientific practice. Genital coupling in spiders involves very complex interactions between the male and female genital structures. As exemplified by two spider species,Nephila clavipesandNephila pilipes ssp. fenestrata, from a biosemiotic point of view the microstructures of the male bulb’s embolus and the corresponding female epigynal and vulval parts form the morphological zone of an intraspecific communication and sign-interpreting process that is one of the prerequisites for sperm transfer. Hence these morphological elements are of high taxonomic value, as they play an essential role in mating and fertilization and consequently in establishing and preserving a reproductive community. Morphology clearly benefits from a biosemiotic approach, as biosemiotics helps to sort out species-specific morphological characters and to avoid problematic typological interpretations.
“An Eye Turned into a Weapon”: a Philosophical Investigation of Remote Controlled, Automated, and Autonomous Drone Warfare
Authors: Müller Oliver 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMilitary drones (unmanned combat aerial vehicles) combine surveillance technology with missile equipment in a far-reaching way. In this article, I argue that military drones could and should be object for a philosophical investigation, referring in particular on Chamayou’s theory of the drone, who also coined the term “an eye turned into a weapon.” Focusing on issues of human self-understanding, agency, and alterity, I examine the intricate human-technology relations in the context of designing and deploying military drones. For that purpose, I am drawing on the postphenomenological approach developed by Don Ihde in order to systematize the manifold aspects of human-technology relations in a four-level model (embodiment relations, hermeneutic relations, alterity relations, and background relations). This inquiry also includes a critical reflection on the (often hidden) normative implications of this technology. In doing so, I do not intent to offer an exhaustive relational ontology of military drones. I rather aim at providing a framework that is able to capture the core dimensions of this technology and their complex interrelations in a systematic way that has been missing in the philosophical debate so far.
An update on non-thyroidal illness syndrome
Authors: Fliers E. , Boelen A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) was first reported in the 1970s as a remarkable ensemble of changes in serum TH (TH) concentrations occurring in probably any severe illness. Ever since, NTIS has remained an intriguing phenomenon not only because of the robustness of the decrease in serum triiodothyronine (T3), but also by its clear correlation with morbidity and mortality. In recent years, it has become clear that (parenteral) feeding in patients with critical illness should be taken into account as a major determinant not only of NTIS but also of clinical outcome. Moreover, both experimental animal and clinical studies have shown that tissue TH concentrations during NTIS do not necessarily reflect serum low TH concentrations and may decrease, remain unaltered, or even increase according to the organ and type of illness studied. These differential changes now have a solid basis in molecular studies on organ-specific TH transporters, receptors and deiodinases. Finally, the role of inflammatory pathways in these non-systemic changes has begun to be clarified. A fascinating role for TH metabolism in innate immune cells, including neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, was reported in recent years, but there is no evidence at this early stage that this may be a determinant of susceptibility to infections. Although endocrinologists have been tempted to correct NTIS by TH supplementation, there is at present insufficient evidence that this is beneficial. Thus, there is a clear need for adequately powered randomized clinical trials (RCT) with clinically relevant endpoints to fill this knowledge gap.
Sources, Fate, and Plant Uptake in Agricultural Systems of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
Authors: Costello M. Christina Schilling , Lee Linda S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a family of > 4700 recalcitrant compounds, many of which are ubiquitous in the environment. This review aims to (1) identify PFAS sources and fate processes relevant to agricultural systems and (2) expand on plant uptake mechanisms and plant responses to PFAS.

Recent Findings
The number of PFAS being quantified in studies involving soil, water, and plants is increasing. Transformation of precursors that tend to stay in the rhizosphere can lead to long-term PFAS reservoir to plants. Some PFAS are readily taken up, particularly the shorter-chain PFAS, and can evoke metabolic responses and phytotoxic effects at high concentrations. PFAS translocation from roots to shoots occurs through both active and passive transport mechanisms. Both PFAS uptake and effects vary between and within species.

Summary
As new PFAS emerge, it will be necessary to continue expanding the list of PFAS quantified in land-applied media and assessing their accumulation potential in plants. While controlled laboratory or greenhouse studies have merit, comprehensive field studies are needed to provide clarity on PFAS fate and their relative risk in agricultural systems. Field studies should include identifying site-specific PFAS sources, quantifying a broader suite of PFAS and identifying potential precursors, evaluating plant uptake of replacement PFAS, reporting of soil properties and climatic conditions, and assessing risk of impacts to source and irrigation waters. This information can be utilized to inform future studies towards evaluating and mitigating risks to our food chain associated with PFAS in agricultural systems.