bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy-saving technology and equipment for the production of composite binder using local raw materials
Authors: Romanovich A A , Amini E , Annenko D M , Chekhovskoy E I 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The article presents the technology and energy-saving equipment for producing a composite binder with a reduction in the energy cost reduction of the process up to 50%, due to the synergistic effect of mechanical activation of the raw material mixture with the replacement of the clinker component with a mineral hydroactive additive. The energy efficiency of the line is achieved by the joint work of the press-roll unit, and the rotor-vortex mill of superfine, which allow the grinding of raw materials to a dispersion with a specific surface area of 4000…4500 cm2/g. The resulting equation for calculating the effort of grinding materials, which is implemented between the conical rollers in the press-roll unit (PRU). It has been established that the power spent on grinding the material and overcoming the friction in the axles of the pivots rolls and proposed the equation for calculating its variable.
Modeling the process of autoclaving treatment of cellular concrete products as control object
Authors: Galitskov S Y , Galitskov K S , Bolkhovetsky A S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The authors consider the questions of modeling the process of autoclave treatment of cellular concrete products as a control object. The modeling method, performed in several stages, is suggested. At the first stage, a mathematical model of energy processes occurring in an autoclave, taking into account the internal heat generation during the formation of tobermorite in raw cellular concretes, is developed. The temperature dynamics of steam in an autoclave T

n

(t) has been determined. At the second stage, heat transfer in a cellular concrete is modeled for a given value of T

n

(t). As a result of computational experiments, the temperature dynamics T

m

(x, y, z, t) in the most characteristic parts of the cellular concrete was determined. The assessment of the adequacy of the developed model was made by comparing the results of modeling with the results of experimental studies obtained with the existing process equipment.
Usage of discrete element method in the research of vibrating mills with circular vibrations of the grinding chamber
Authors: Bogdanov V S , Lozovaya S Y , Fadin Y M , Bogdanov N E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The paper reviewed the application of the discrete element method for researching the motion of the ball load in vibration mills with circular vibrations of the grinding chamber at different amplitude-frequency characteristics. Vibration mills are actively used in various industries, in particular for road construction in the production of bitumen or mineral components. The paper presents the model of the vibration mill used in numerical calculation, the main indicators of the load’s kinematics providing the efficiency of the vibration mill, presents and analyzes the results of numerical experiments, determines the rational mode of operation of the machine.
Innovative technology for monitoring pavements
Authors: Sakhapov R , Makhmutov M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The paper considers the advantages and nature of georadar monitoring of road surfaces comparing to traditional destructive methods of road exploration. The authors checked the thickness of the structural layers of pavement to determine appropriate repair work using the amplitude-frequency characteristics and the dielectric constant (the speed of signal transmission). The article examined the section of the highway and the examination data was recorded in a file, which allows further study and documentation of the material with the help of computer equipment.
Structural schemes analysis of road and construction machines
Authors: Saveliev A G , Mikhailovskaya V A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The paper develops a methodology for computation external movability of mechanisms with two-sided and one-sided ties. These mechanisms are often used in the design of road-building machines. Also this article provides with the some of examples of structural schemes of bulldozers, excavators, motor graders and loaders. Describing the main motions of the operating equipment, here is given some example of using different types of hinges.
The deformation-topographic method for the study of the tribotechnical indicators of the working bodies of rotary excavators
Authors: Gustov Y I , Gadolina I V , Yushkov A A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The article describes the deformation-topographic method, developed on the basis of hypsographic and sclerobatic modeling of the microrelief of friction surfaces. Hypsographic modeling allows us to represent the microrelief of roughness of friction surfaces in the form of a normalized coordinate system “relative reference line - relative approximation” tp–ε. Sclerobatic modeling allows to reproduce the diagrams of the distribution of microhardness along the normal to the friction surface of details and in the potential area of their worn layer.
Effective system of learning for engineers
Authors: Guskova M F , Sterlikov P F , Sterlikov F F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The article analyzes the problem of the formation of a system of intensive computerized learning (SICL), based on the consistent use of didactic foundations for creating effective learning systems. The paper generalizes experience of using SICL to create training courses for students of technical areas and specialties. The paper uses the author’s experience of implementing an additional professional educational program for advanced training and professional retraining of higher education teachers “Development of the content of professional education, improving its quality in inextricable connection with science”. The creation of SICL for academic discipline begins with the statement of the didactic task and continues with the formation of the didactic system (a system of methods, means and forms of training). The didactic system (DS) takes into account the conditions of the didactic task and the laws of learning. The theory and methodology of SICL are described for three groups of stages of learning: lecture (presentation), work (bringing to the required level of mastery of educational issues) and final (bringing to the required level of mastering of the content of topics, sections and parts of the academic discipline). The stated positions can be used to create a computerized textbook that forms the basis of SICL.
Methods of recruiting of mobile repair services and maintenance of machines performing reclamation works
Authors: Apatenco A S , Sevryugina N S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The specifics of reclamation works are associated with difficult conditions for their mechanization. Seasonality of the work requires an increase in the efficiency of using machines, preferably with the absence of their failures. Usually, equipment failures in melioration organizations are eliminated at the place of machine’s work (units) by the on-site repair teams equipped with mobile repair workrooms (MRWs). Cost analysis of the units operation in the technological complex shows that there is an optimal amount of MRWs for performing repair and technical impacts. The authors develop a technique for selecting mobile repair workrooms and their completeness with repair equipment. It justifies the effectiveness of the inclusion of the service department to eliminate machine failures when performing technical works of mobile repair and maintenance services, basing on a car chassis, with special equipment and accessories infrastructure.
Ensuring the safety of the transshipment process in river ports
Authors: Leonova O V , Veretennikova A S , Veretennikov E G 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The paper considers the issues of ensuring the safety of the transshipment process in river ports. The authors propose an approach to integrated safety assessment of the transshipment process in river ports taking into account various types of risk. The article analyzes the accidents and injuries during transshipment works in river ports. The authors establish that injuries in river ports are mainly due to operational reasons i.e. due to the presence of a significant number of cranes that have completed their standard service life. The paper studies the influence of the operating time on the static and fatigue strength characteristics of the metal structure of gantry cranes after 30-40 years of operation. The research results show that long-term operation don’t cause significant changes in mechanical characteristics, with static and fatigue strength.
Improving the efficiency of excavators at low temperatures
Authors: Zenkov S A , Lkhanag D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the paper the analysis is carried out for using polymer antiadhesive sheets in order to reduce adhesion of wet cohesive soil to working bodies of excavation machines when operating under sub-zero temperatures. When extracting thawed mine rock under subzero air temperature, intensive freezing of cohesive ground to contacting bucket surfaces, pickup apparatus elements, conveyor belts, treating facilities and links takes place. Freezing intensity depends on humidity, grain size composition, physical properties and temperature of mined rock. Material properties of working bodies which contact mined ground also have significant impact on adhesion of freezing of mined rock. Clay rocks are the most prone to freezing on. An experiment was held using PPL-EI (ППЛ-ЭИ) and PPL-UI (ППЛ-УИ) polymer coatings on adhesion of cohesive overburden rocks to mine excavator buckets under subzero temperatures. After mathematic analysis of experimental results regression equations were obtained, which were applied to engineering solution of excavator bucket.
The basis of an automated design system of the packed absorber using neural networks
Authors: Kharitonova O S , Vyatkina I V , Bronskaya V V , Khairullina L E , Shaikhetdinova R S , Kotova N V 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
An optimal artificial neural network has been developed for an application to determine the height and diameter of the packed absorber apparatus using neural networks. The obtained results can be used for modeling a wide class of objects of chemical technology with the possibility of formalization of calculation procedures.
Possible scope of filler beam bridges on the Russian Railways
Authors: Diachenko L K , Labutin N A , Lang A V 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
One of the most stable trends is the use of multi-component solutions in the practice of bridge construction, one of which is the use of rigid reinforcement elements in bridge girders and decks. The purpose of this work is to assess the possibility of using filler bridge girders on the Russian railway network and determine the scope of their effective application. In the course of the study, the analysis of design solutions was carried out taking into account foreign experience in design and operation and the study of relevant regulatory documents. Also in the course of the work, a comparison of the cost indicators of rigid-reinforced girders and the existing standard projects of the reinforced concrete and steel simple beam bridges was performed. The results of the study are presented by the formed list of the main advantages and disadvantages of girders with rigid reinforcement and the definition of the area of their most effective application. The practical significance of the work is because steel-concrete girders with rigid reinforcement are the most effective solution for the short span bridges up to 15 meters length from both technical, operational and economic sides. The proposed solution allows reducing the resource intensity of the construction and labor costs for its construction and maintenance.
Comparative research of orderliness dinamics of road safety systems in the volga federal district and the Russian Federation
Authors: Petrov A I , Evtyukov S A , Kolesov V I , Petrova D A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article considers the issues of dynamics of road safety provision systems in three multiscaled systems (Russia, Volga Federal District or VFD and separate subjects of VFD). The indicator of relative information entropy Hn of road safety provision process was taken as the characteristic of system orderliness. The ideology, methodics and results of quantitative assessment of road safety provision systems information entropy H were considered. Time series of modification of relative information entropy Hn of road safety provision systems in 2004…2018 in Russia, Volga Federal District and individual subjects of VFD were presented. Special attention was paid to consideration of the researched process in the Orenburg region and Samara region. This regions is characterized by non-standard, different from general trend dynamics of information entropy H of road safety provision system. The general conclusion of the article is that during last 15 years information entropy of road safety provision systems significantly decreased, i.e. orderliness of formation process of road traffic participants safety greatly increased. However, results achieved in this sphere by VFD regions are still far from best world results.
Three-Dimensional Evaluation of the Depressor Anguli Oris and Depressor Labii Inferioris for Botulinum Toxin Injections
Authors: Choi You-Jin , We Young-Jun , Lee Hyung-Jin , Lee Kang-Woo , Gil Young-Chun , Hu Kyung-Seok , Tansatit Tanvaa , Kim Hee-Jin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection administered at an inappropriate site or depth can produce an unwanted change in facial animation because the depressor anguli oris (DAO) and depressor labii inferioris (DLI) muscles are partially overlapped. Therefore, simple BoNT-A injection guidelines, based on 3-dimensional (3D) facial anatomic references and landmarks, would be very useful.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to establish novel BoNT-A injection guidelines that include the soft tissue thickness at the lower perioral region. Data were acquired with a 3D scanning system combined with dissections in order to obtain accurate injection sites and depths for the DAO and DLI.

Methods
3D scans of the facial skin, superficial fat, and facial muscle surface were performed in 45 embalmed cadavers. The thicknesses of the skin and subcutaneous layer were calculated automatically from superimposed images at each of 5 reference points (P) in the perioral region.

Results
In every case (100%), P3 and P5 were located in the DLI and DAO areas, respectively (45/45). Therefore, we defined P3 as the “DLI point” and P5 as the “DAO point.” The soft tissue thicknesses at the DLI and DAO points were 6.4 [1.7] mm and 6.7 [1.8] mm, respectively.

Conclusions
The P3 and P5 described in this study are effective guidelines that only target the DLI and DAO. Clinicians, specifically, can easily use facial landmarks, such as the cheilion and pupil, to assign the DLI and DAO points without any measurement or palpation of the modiolus.
Kurtosis and skewness of high-frequency brain signals are altered in paediatric epilepsy
Authors: Xiang Jing , Maue Ellen , Fan Yuyin , Qi Lei , Mangano Francesco T , Greiner Hansel , Tenney Jeffrey 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntracranial studies provide solid evidence that high-frequency brain signals are a new biomarker for epilepsy. Unfortunately, epileptic (pathological) high-frequency signals can be intermingled with physiological high-frequency signals making these signals difficult to differentiate. Recent success in non-invasive detection of high-frequency brain signals opens a new avenue for distinguishing pathological from physiological high-frequency signals. The objective of the present study is to characterize pathological and physiological high-frequency signals at source levels by using kurtosis and skewness analyses. Twenty-three children with medically intractable epilepsy and age-/gender-matched healthy controls were studied using magnetoencephalography. Magnetoencephalographic data in three frequency bands, which included 2–80 Hz (the conventional low-frequency signals), 80–250 Hz (ripples) and 250–600 Hz (fast ripples), were analysed. The kurtosis and skewness of virtual electrode signals in eight brain regions, which included left/right frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital cortices, were calculated and analysed. Differences between epilepsy and controls were quantitatively compared for each cerebral lobe in each frequency band in terms of kurtosis and skewness measurements. Virtual electrode signals from clinical epileptogenic zones and brain areas outside of the epileptogenic zones were also compared with kurtosis and skewness analyses. Compared to controls, patients with epilepsy showed significant elevation in kurtosis and skewness of virtual electrode signals. The spatial and frequency patterns of the kurtosis and skewness of virtual electrode signals among the eight cerebral lobes in three frequency bands were also significantly different from that of the controls (2–80 Hz, P &lt; 0.001; 80–250 Hz, P &lt; 0.00001; 250–600 Hz, P &lt; 0.0001). Compared to signals from non-epileptogenic zones, virtual electrode signals from epileptogenic zones showed significantly altered kurtosis and skewness (P &lt; 0.001). Compared to normative data from the control group, aberrant virtual electrode signals were, for each patient, more pronounced in the epileptogenic lobes than in other lobes(kurtosis analysis of virtual electrode signals in 250–600 Hz; odds ratio = 27.9; P &lt; 0.0001). The kurtosis values of virtual electrode signals in 80–250 and 250–600 Hz showed the highest sensitivity (88.23%) and specificity (89.09%) for revealing epileptogenic lobe, respectively. The combination of virtual electrode and kurtosis/skewness measurements provides a new quantitative approach to distinguishing pathological from physiological high-frequency signals for paediatric epilepsy. Non-invasive identification of pathological high-frequency signals may provide novel important information to guide clinical invasive recordings and direct surgical treatment of epilepsy.
Mechanisms of Feature Selectivity and Invariance in Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Almasi Ali , Meffin Hamish , Cloherty Shaun L , Wong Yan , Yunzab Molis , Ibbotson Michael R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Visual object identification requires both selectivity for specific visual features that are important to the object’s identity and invariance to feature manipulations. For example, a hand can be shifted in position, rotated, or contracted but still be recognized as a hand. How are the competing requirements of selectivity and invariance built into the early stages of visual processing? Typically, cells in the primary visual cortex are classified as either simple or complex. They both show selectivity for edge-orientation but complex cells develop invariance to edge position within the receptive field (spatial phase). Using a data-driven model that extracts the spatial structures and nonlinearities associated with neuronal computation, we quantitatively describe the balance between selectivity and invariance in complex cells. Phase invariance is frequently partial, while invariance to orientation and spatial frequency are more extensive than expected. The invariance arises due to two independent factors: (1) the structure and number of filters and (2) the form of nonlinearities that act upon the filter outputs. Both vary more than previously considered, so primary visual cortex forms an elaborate set of generic feature sensitivities, providing the foundation for more sophisticated object processing.
Experience Informs Consummatory Choices for Congruent and Incongruent Odor–Taste Mixtures in Rats
Authors: McQueen Kelsey A , Fredericksen Kelly E , Samuelsen Chad L 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Experience is an essential factor informing food choice. Eating food generates enduring odor–taste associations that link an odor with a taste’s quality and hedonic value (pleasantness/unpleasantness) and creates the perception of a congruent odor–taste combination. Previous human psychophysical experiments demonstrate that experience with odor–taste mixtures shapes perceptual judgments related to the intensity, familiarity, and pleasantness of chemosensory stimuli. However, how these perceptual judgments inform consummatory choice is less clear. Using rats as a model system and a 2-bottle brief-access task, we investigated how experience with palatable and unpalatable odor–taste mixtures influences consummatory choice related to odor–taste congruence and stimulus familiarity. We found that the association between an odor and a taste, not the odor’s identity or its congruence with a taste, informs consummatory choice for odor–taste mixtures. Furthermore, we showed that the association between an odor and a taste, not odor neophobia, informs consummatory choice for odors dissolved in water. Our results provide further evidence that the association between an odor and a taste, after odor–taste mixture experience, is a fundamental feature guiding consummatory choice.
Clinical Evolution of AmpC-Mediated Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Cefiderocol Resistance in Enterobacter cloacae Complex Following Exposure to Cefepime
Authors: Shields Ryan K , Iovleva Alina , Kline Ellen G , Kawai Akito , McElheny Christi L , Doi Yohei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We report 2 independent patients from whom carbapenem and ceftazidime-avibactam–resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex strains were identified. The ceftazidime-avibactam resistance was attributed to a 2–amino acid deletion in the R2 loop of AmpC β-lactamase, which concurrently caused resistance to cefepime and reduced susceptibility to cefiderocol, a novel siderophore cephalosporin.
Clinical Outcomes of Drug-resistant Shigellosis Treated With Azithromycin in Bangladesh
Authors: Houpt Eric R , Ferdous Tahsin , Ara Rifat , Ibrahim Momena , Alam Md Masud , Kabir Mamun , Platts-Mills James , Ahmed Tahmeed , Faruque Abu Syed Golam , Taniuchi Mami , Haque Rashidul 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Azithromycin is frequently used to treat shigellosis; however, clinical outcomes are uncertain.

Methods
We performed an observational cohort study in Bangladesh of patients with invasive diarrhea treated empirically with azithromycin. Susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution and disk diffusion post hoc on all Shigella isolates and clinical response was correlated with in vitro susceptibility.

Results
There were 149 Shigella culture-positive patients in the primary analysis. Infection with Shigella with decreased susceptibility to azithromycin was significantly associated with persistence of diarrhea at day 5 (31% vs 12%; relative risk [RR], 2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34–5.28), culture positivity at day 5 or 6 (35% vs 5%; RR, 5.26; 95% CI, 1.84–14.85), and a higher rate of overnight hospitalization (58% vs 39%; RR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.06–2.09). Shigella flexneri was more common than Shigella sonnei (58% vs 36%); however, S. sonnei constituted most of the isolates with decreased susceptibility to azithromycin (67%) and most of the multidrug-resistant strains (54%); thus, poor clinical outcomes were associated with S. sonnei. The current epidemiological cutoff for S. flexneri of ≥16 µg/mL to define decreased susceptibility to azithromycin was clinically predictive of poor outcome. Patients with S. sonnei and a low MIC (4 µg/mL) still had elevated rates of persistent diarrhea and culture positivity.

Conclusions
This study documents worse clinical outcomes for S. flexneri with decreased susceptibility to azithromycin, as well as S. sonnei, and supports the utility of susceptibility testing and clinical breakpoints for azithromycin. S. sonnei is an emerging drug-resistant threat.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03778125.