bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searches for atmospheric long-lived particles
Authors: Argüelles C. , Coloma P. , Hernández P. , Muñoz V. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Long-lived particles are predicted in extensions of the Standard Model that involve relatively light but very weakly interacting sectors. In this paper we consider the possibility that some of these particles are produced in atmospheric cosmic ray showers, and their decay intercepted by neutrino detectors such as IceCube or Super-Kamiokande. We present the methodology and evaluate the sensitivity of these searches in various scenarios, including extensions with heavy neutral leptons in models of massive neutrinos, models with an extra U(1) gauge symmetry, and a combination of both in a U(1)B−L model. Our results are shown as a function of the production rate and the lifetime of the corresponding long-lived particles.
Are “Superentropic” black holes superentropic?
Authors: Appels Michael , Cuspinera Leopoldo , Gregory Ruth , Krtouš Pavel , Kubizňák David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study a critical limit in which asymptotically-AdS black holes develop maximal conical deficits and their horizons become non-compact. When applied to stationary rotating black holes this limit coincides with the “ultraspinning limit” and yields the Superentropic black holes whose entropy was derived recently and found to exceed the maximal possible bound imposed by the Reverse Isoperimetric Inequality [1, 2]. To gain more insight into this peculiar result, we study this limit in the context of accelerated AdS black holes that have unequal deficits along the polar axes, hence the maximal deficit need not appear on both poles simultaneously. Surprisingly, we find that in the presence of acceleration, the critical limit becomes smooth, and is obtained simply by taking various upper bounds in the parameter space that we elucidate. The Critical black holes thus obtained have many common features with Superentropic black holes, but are manifestly not superentropic. This raises a concern as to whether Superentropic black holes actually are superentropic.1 We argue that this may not be so and that the original conclusion is likely attributed to the degeneracy of the resulting first law.
Investigation of mechanical and thermal loads in pcBN tooling during machining of Inconel 718
Authors: Agmell Mathias , Bushlya Volodymyr , M’Saoubi Rachid , Gutnichenko Oleksandr , Zaporozhets Oleg , Laakso Sampsa VA , Ståhl Jan-Eric 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study investigates machining superalloy Inconel 718 with polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (pcBN) tooling both numerically and experimentally. Particular attention is given to mechanical and thermal stresses in the cutting tool arising from segmented chip formation and associated forces and temperatures. The temperature dependence of the mechanical properties of pcBN has been investigated and incorporated into a numerical model. In order to capture the dynamic loads due to a serrated chip formation, the Johnson–Cook damage model has been used. The extreme deformations during a machining process often results in a numerical difficulties due to a distorted elements. This paper uses the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) formulation in Abaqus/Explicit, where the workpiece is modelled with the Eulerian formulation and the cutting tool by the Lagrangian one. This CEL formulation enables to completely avoid mesh distortion. The finite element simulation results are validated via comparison of the modelled static and dynamic cutting forces and thermal loads induced into the cutting tool. The numerical model predicts a temperature of 1100–1200 ∘C at the cutting interface, which is in line with experimental determined data. The principal stresses at the rake up to 300 MPa are recorded, whereas higher level of stresses up to 450 MPa are found in the notch region of the tool, well correlated with experimental observation.
High-throughput screening of environmental polysaccharide-degrading bacteria using biomass containment and complex insoluble substrates
Authors: Monge Estela C. , Levi Marios , Forbin Joseph N. , Legesse Mussie D. , Udo Basil A. , deCarvalho Tagide N. , Gardner Jeffrey G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCarbohydrate degradation by microbes plays an important role in global nutrient cycling, human nutrition, and biotechnological applications. Studies that focus on the degradation of complex recalcitrant polysaccharides are challenging because of the insolubility of these substrates as found in their natural contexts. Specifically, current methods to examine carbohydrate-based biomass degradation using bacterial strains or purified enzymes are not compatible with high-throughput screening using complex insoluble materials. In this report, we developed a small 3D printed filter device that fits inside a microplate well that allows for the free movement of bacterial cells, media, and enzymes while containing insoluble biomass. These devices do not interfere with standard microplate readers and can be used for both short- (24–48 h) and long-duration (> 100 h) experiments using complex insoluble substrates. These devices were used to quantitatively screen in a high-throughput manner environmental isolates for their ability to grow using lignocellulose or rice grains as a sole nutrient source. Additionally, we determined that the microplate-based containment devices are compatible with existing enzymatic assays to measure activity against insoluble biomass. Overall, these microplate containment devices provide a platform to study the degradation of complex insoluble materials in a high-throughput manner and have the potential to help uncover ecologically important aspects of bacterial metabolism as well as to accelerate biotechnological innovation.
Neutrophils are mediators of metastatic prostate cancer progression in bone
Authors: Costanzo-Garvey Diane L. , Keeley Tyler , Case Adam J. , Watson Gabrielle F. , Alsamraae Massar , Yu Yangsheng , Su Kaihong , Heim Cortney E. , Kielian Tammy , Morrissey Colm , Frieling Jeremy S. , Cook Leah M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBone metastatic prostate cancer (BM-PCa) significantly reduces overall patient survival and is currently incurable. Current standard immunotherapy showed promising results for PCa patients with metastatic, but less advanced, disease (i.e., fewer than 20 bone lesions) suggesting that PCa growth in bone contributes to response to immunotherapy. We found that: (1) PCa stimulates recruitment of neutrophils, the most abundant immune cell in bone, and (2) that neutrophils heavily infiltrate regions of prostate tumor in bone of BM-PCa patients. Based on these findings, we examined the impact of direct neutrophil–prostate cancer interactions on prostate cancer growth. Bone marrow neutrophils directly induced apoptosis of PCa in vitro and in vivo, such that neutrophil depletion in bone metastasis models enhanced BM-PCa growth. Neutrophil-mediated PCa killing was found to be mediated by suppression of STAT5, a transcription factor shown to promote PCa progression. However, as the tumor progressed in bone over time, neutrophils from late-stage bone tumors failed to elicit cytotoxic effector responses to PCa. These findings are the first to demonstrate that bone-resident neutrophils inhibit PCa and that BM-PCa are able to progress via evasion of neutrophil-mediated killing. Enhancing neutrophil cytotoxicity in bone may present a novel therapeutic option for bone metastatic prostate cancer.
Almost-Equidistant Sets
Authors: Balko Martin , Pór Attila , Scheucher Manfred , Swanepoel Konrad , Valtr Pavel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFor a positive integerd, a set of points ind-dimensional Euclidean space is calledalmost-equidistantif for any three points from the set, some two are at unit distance. Letf(d) denote the largest size of an almost-equidistant set ind-space. It is known that$$f(2)=7$$f(2)=7,$$f(3)=10$$f(3)=10, and that the extremal almost-equidistant sets are unique. We give independent, computer-assisted proofs of these statements. It is also known that$$f(5) \ge 16$$f(5)≥16. We further show that$$12\le f(4)\le 13$$12≤f(4)≤13,$$f(5)\le 20$$f(5)≤20,$$18\le f(6)\le 26$$18≤f(6)≤26,$$20\le f(7)\le 34$$20≤f(7)≤34, and$$f(9)\ge f(8)\ge 24$$f(9)≥f(8)≥24. Up to dimension 7, our work is based on various computer searches, and in dimensions 6–9, we give constructions based on the known construction for$$d=5$$d=5. For every dimension$$d \ge 3$$d≥3, we give an example of an almost-equidistant set of$$2d+4$$2d+4points in thed-space and we prove the asymptotic upper bound$$f(d) \le O(d^{3/2})$$f(d)≤O(d3/2).
The impact of trisomy 21 on epidemiology, management, and outcomes of congenital duodenal obstruction: a population-based study
Authors:   BAPS-CASS, Bethell George S. , Long Anna-May , Knight Marian , Hall Nigel J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) is associated with trisomy 21 (T21), or Down’s syndrome, in around a third of infants. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of T21 on the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of infants with CDO.

Methods
Data were prospectively collected from specialist neonatal surgical centres in the United Kingdom over a 12 month period from March 2016 using established population-based methodology for all babies with CDO. Infants with T21 were compared to those without any chromosomal anomaly.

Results
Of 102 infants with CDO that underwent operative repair, T21 was present in 33 [32% (95% CI 23–41%)] babies. Cardiac anomalies were more common in those with T21 compared to those without a chromosomal anomaly (91 vs 17%, p < 0.001), whereas associated gastrointestinal anomalies were less common in infants with T21 (3 vs 12%, p = 0.03). Surgical management was not influenced by T21. Time to achieve full enteral feed, need for repeat related surgery, and mortality were similar between groups. Infants with T21 had a longer median initial inpatient stay (23 vs 16.5 days, p = 0.02).

Conclusions
Infants with T21 have a higher incidence of cardiac anomalies and a longer initial inpatient stay; however, it does not change CDO management or outcomes. This information is important for prenatal and postnatal counselling of parents of infants with CDO and T21.
Comparative drought resistance of temperate grassland species: testing performance trade-offs and the relation to distribution
Authors: Jung Eun-Young , Gaviria Julian , Sun Shanwen , Engelbrecht Bettina M. J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo improve projections of consequences of increasing intensity and frequency of drought events for grasslands, we need a thorough understanding of species performance responses to drought, of performance trade-offs and how drought resistance is related to species distributions. However, comparative and quantitative assessments of whole-plant drought resistance that allow to rigorously address these aspects are lacking for temperate grassland species. We conducted a common garden experiment with 40 common temperate grassland species to compare species survival and growth under intense drought and well-irrigated conditions. Overall, survival and growth were significantly reduced under drought, with the effect varying across species. Species ranking of drought damage and survival remained consistent with progressing drought. No performance trade-offs emerged between optimal growth and drought resistance of survival (‘growth–stress tolerance’ trade-off hypothesis), or between growth under well-watered and dry conditions (‘growth rates’ trade-off hypothesis). Species local- and large-scale association with moisture (Ellenberg F value and rainfall niche) was not related to their drought resistance. Overall, our results imply that trade-offs and differences of species fundamental drought resistance are not the main drivers of hydrological niche differentiation, species coexistence and their distribution across moisture gradients. The comparative experimental assessment of species whole-plant drought responses we present provides a basis to increase our understanding of current grassland responses to variation of moisture regimes and for projecting consequences of future changes.
Morgagni−Larrey diaphragmatic hernia repair in adult patients: a retrospective single-center experience
Authors: Oppelt P. U. , Askevold I. , Bender F. , Liese J. , Padberg W. , Hecker A. , Reichert M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Morgagni−Larrey congenital diaphragmatic hernia (MLH) is rare in adult patients and surgery is performed infrequently. The evidence regarding the most beneficial treatment modality is low. Nevertheless, with increasing experience in minimally-invasive surgery, the literature proves the laparoscopic approach as being safely feasible. However, knowledge on the disease as well as treatment options are based on single surgeon’s experiences and small case series in the literature.

Methods
Retrospective single-center analysis on adult patients (≥ 18 years) with MLH from 01/2003 to 06/2019 regarding symptoms, hernia sac contents, surgical technique and perioperative outcome.

Results
4.0% of diaphragmatic hernia repair procedures were performed for MLH (n = 11 patients). 27.3% of these patients were asymptomatic. Dyspnea or gastrointestinal symptoms were frequently observed (both in 45.5% of the patients). Colon transversum (63.6%), omentum majus (45.5%) and/or stomach (27.3%) were the most common hernia sac contents. Correct diagnosis was achieved preoperatively in 10/11 patients by cross-sectional imaging. All procedures were performed by trans-abdominal surgery (laparotomy in four and laparoscopy in seven patients). All hernias were reinforced by mesh after primary closure. No differences were observed in the perioperative outcome between patients who underwent hernia repair by laparotomy versus laparoscopy. Pleural complications requiring drainage were the most common postoperative complications.

Conclusion
MLH repair seems to be safely feasible by laparoscopic surgery. The benefit of mesh augmentation in MLH repair is not clear yet. In contrast to the current literature, all patients in this study received mesh augmentation after primary closure of the hernia. This should be evaluated in larger patient cohorts with long-term follow-up.
The pathophysiological role of angiotensin receptor-binding protein in hypertension and kidney diseases: Oshima Award Address 2019
Authors: Wakui Hiromichi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExcessive activation of the tissue renin–angiotensin system through angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and related organ injury. AT1R-associated protein (ATRAP/Agtrap) was identified as a molecule specifically interacting with the carboxyl- terminal domain of AT1R. The results of in vitro studies showed that ATRAP suppresses Ang II-mediated pathological responses in cardiovascular cells by promoting AT1R internalization. With respect to the tissue distribution and regulation of ATRAP expression in vivo, ATRAP is broadly expressed in many tissues as is AT1R including kidney. The results of in vivo study employing genetic engineered mice with modified ATRAP expression showed that ATRAP inhibits cardiovascular injuries provoked by Ang II-induced hypertension, along with preserving physiological AT1R signaling. In addition, we have shown that ATRAP functions as an endogenous modulator so as to prevent hypertension in response to pathological stimuli, by regulating renal sodium handling. Furthermore, ATRAP may have an AT1R-independent function of renal proximal tubule to protect aging and fibrosis. These results suggest the clinical potential benefit of an ATRAP activation strategy in the treatment of hypertension and cardiorenal and vascular diseases.
Transcriptomic Response of In Vitro Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to Piezoelectric Ultrasound
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. , Hidvégi Norbert , Gulyás Andrea , Tóth Bianka , Dobránszki Judit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs part of a wider project to assess the impact of ultrasound on in vitro plant growth, this paper aimed to determine whether the application of piezoelectric ultrasound (PE-US) would induce changes to the transcriptome of in vitro potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). After exposing explants (single-node segments with a single leaf) to PE-US (35 kHz; 70 W) for 20 min, the effect of this stressor was determined at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 1 week, and 4 weeks to assess the possible immediate and residual effects of PE-US on the potato transcriptome. After mRNA was isolated, bioinformatic processing and analysis of RNA-seq datasets, KEGG analysis revealed that 24% of up-regulated biological processes were a response to stress immediately after the application of PE-US (reducing to 11% and 9% at 48 h and 4 weeks, respectively). After assessing a total of 40,430 genes for expression intensity at these five time intervals, it was found that 138, 72, 18, 5, and 59 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, were significantly up-regulated, while 6, 82, 96, 172, and 107 DEGs, respectively, were down-regulated. DEGs coding for universal stress protein, chitinase, catalase, zinc finger proteins, 21 transcription factors, glutathione S-transferase, and 17 heat shock proteins, mainly Hsp70, Hsp20, and Hsp90 proteins, and possibly the first of such discovery in US-based plant stress research, was detected. Following the validation of RNA-seq data by RT-qPCR, between SeqMonk LFC and RT-qPCR LFC, the Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.86 and 0.90, respectively. Plantlets exposed to PE-US had significantly shorter shoots but significantly longer roots as well as higher shoot and root fresh weight, while chl b and total chl were significantly lower but the chl a/b ratio was significantly higher in plantlets exposed to PE-US. PE-US thus constituted an acute abiotic stress, but by 4 weeks, in vitro potato plantlets managed to mitigate the stress through the production of antioxidant enzyme systems and other functional metabolic changes.
Three-dimensional Monte Carlo-based voxel-wise tumor dosimetry in patients with neuroendocrine tumors who underwent 177Lu-DOTATOC therapy
Authors: Goetz Th. I. , Lang E. W. , Prante O. , Maier A. , Cordes M. , Kuwert T. , Ritt P. , Schmidkonz Christian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the midgut are suitable candidates for 177Lu-DOTATOC therapy. Integrated SPECT/CT systems have the potential to help improve the accuracy of patient-specific tumor dosimetry. Dose estimations to target organs are generally performed using the Medical Internal Radiation Dose scheme. We present a novel Monte Carlo-based voxel-wise dosimetry approach to determine organ- and tumor-specific total tumor doses (TTD).

Methods
A cohort of 14 patients with histologically confirmed metastasized NETs of the midgut (11 men, 3 women, 62.3 ± 11.0 years of age) underwent a total of 39 cycles of 177Lu-DOTATOC therapy (mean 2.8 cycles, SD ± 1 cycle). After the first cycle of therapy, regions of interest were defined manually on the SPECT/CT images for the kidneys, the spleen, and all 198 tracer-positive tumor lesions in the field of view. Four SPECT images, taken at 4 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after injection of the radiopharmaceutical, were used to determine their effective half-lives in the structures of interest. The absorbed doses were calculated by a three-dimensional dosimetry method based on Monte Carlo simulations. TTD was calculated as the sum of all products of single tumor doses with single tumor volumes divided by the sum of all tumor volumes.

Results
The average dose values per cycle were 3.41 ± 1.28 Gy (1.91–6.22 Gy) for the kidneys, 4.40 ± 2.90 Gy (1.14–11.22 Gy) for the spleen, and 9.70 ± 8.96 Gy (1.47–39.49 Gy) for all 177Lu-DOTATOC-positive tumor lesions. Low- and intermediate-grade tumors (G 1–2) absorbed a higher TTD compared to high-grade tumors (G 3) (signed-rank test, p =  < 0.05). The pre-therapeutic chromogranin A (CgA) value and the TTD correlated significantly (Pearson correlation:  = 0.67, p = 0.01). Higher TTD resulted in a significant decrease of CgA after therapy.

Conclusion
These results suggest that Monte Carlo-based voxel-wise dosimetry is a very promising tool for predicting the absorbed TTD based on histological and clinical parameters.
Experimental archaeology and roundhouse excavated signatures: the investigation of two reconstructed Iron Age buildings at Castell Henllys, Wales
Authors: Mytum Harold , Meek James 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCastell Henllys, a partially reconstructed Iron Age settlement in south-west Wales, has been the site of long-term experiments in building reconstruction for 35 years. The first roundhouse to be excavated and then reconstructed on the site was due to be replaced in 2017, and another reconstructed 30 years ago was examined in 2018. The results indicate how timber structures with wattle walls decay over a period of decades, and the evidence can be compared to that retrieved from the original excavated late prehistoric structures on the site and those found elsewhere. The pattern of wear of floors and surfaces, and the effects of decades of fires within the roundhouses, also produced archaeological signatures that can be compared with prehistoric remains. These investigations reveal for the first time how long-term processes of experimental house use, maintenance and decay in a temperate environment create archaeological signatures very similar to those found from prehistory, indicating how ancient deposits could have been formed. It also demonstrates how even roundhouses with relatively ephemeral below-ground elements can stand for at least a human generation.