bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased myocyte calcium sensitivity in end-stage pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Nakano Stephanie J. , Walker John S. , Walker Lori A. , Li Xiaotao , Du Yanmei , Miyamoto Shelley D. , Sucharov Carmen C. , Garcia Anastacia M. , Mitchell Max B. , Ambardekar Amrut V. , Stauffer Brian L. 
Published: October 2019

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common cause of heart failure (HF) in children, resulting in high mortality and need for heart transplantation. The pathophysiology underlying pediatric DCM is largely unclear; however, there is emerging evidence that molecular adaptations and response to conventional HF medications differ between children and adults. To gain insight into alterations leading to systolic dysfunction in pediatric DCM, we measured cardiomyocyte contractile properties and sarcomeric protein phosphorylation in explanted pediatric DCM myocardium ( N = 8 subjects) compared with nonfailing (NF) pediatric hearts ( N = 8 subjects). Force-pCa curves were generated from skinned cardiomyocytes in the presence and absence of protein kinase A. Sarcomeric protein phosphorylation was quantified with Pro-Q Diamond staining after gel electrophoresis. Pediatric DCM cardiomyocytes demonstrate increased calcium sensitivity (pCa50 =5.70 ± 0.0291), with an associated decrease in troponin (Tn)I phosphorylation compared with NF pediatric cardiomyocytes (pCa50 =5.59 ± 0.0271, P = 0.0073). Myosin binding protein C and TnT phosphorylation are also lower in pediatric DCM, whereas desmin phosphorylation is increased. Pediatric DCM cardiomyocytes generate peak tension comparable to that of NF pediatric cardiomyocytes [DCM 29.7 mN/mm2, interquartile range (IQR) 21.5–49.2 vs. NF 32.8 mN/mm2, IQR 21.5–49.2 mN/mm2; P = 0.6125]. In addition, cooperativity is decreased in pediatric DCM compared with pediatric NF (Hill coefficient: DCM 1.56, IQR 1.31–1.94 vs. NF 1.94, IQR 1.36–2.86; P = 0.0425). Alterations in sarcomeric phosphorylation and cardiomyocyte contractile properties may represent an impaired compensatory response, contributing to the detrimental DCM phenotype in children.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study is the first to demonstrate that cardiomyocytes from infants and young children with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) exhibit increased calcium sensitivity (likely mediated by decreased troponin I phosphorylation) compared with nonfailing pediatric cardiomyocytes. Compared with published values in adult cardiomyocytes, pediatric cardiomyocytes have notably decreased cooperativity, with a further reduction in the setting of DCM. Distinct adaptations in cardiomyocyte contractile properties may contribute to a differential response to pharmacological therapies in the pediatric DCM population.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Shifts Breast Tumor Microbiota Populations to Regulate Drug Responsiveness and the Development of Metastasis
Authors: Chiba Akiko , Bawaneh Alaa , Velazquez Christine , Clear Kenysha Y.J. , Wilson Adam S. , Howard-McNatt Marissa , Levine Edward A. , Levi-Polyachenko Nicole , Yates-Alston Shaina A. , Diggle Stephen P. , Soto-Pantoja David R. , Cook Katherine L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Breast tumors have their own specific microbiota, distinct from normal mammary gland tissue. Patients with breast cancer that present with locally advanced disease often undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy to reduce tumor size prior to surgery to allow breast conservation or limit axillary lymph node dissection. The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy modulates the tumor microbiome and the potential impact of microbes on breast cancer signaling. Using snap-frozen aseptically collected breast tumor tissue from women who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 15) or women with no prior therapy at time of surgery (n = 18), we performed 16S rRNA-sequencing to identify tumoral bacterial populations. We also stained breast tumor microarrays to confirm presence of identified microbiota. Using bacteria-conditioned media, we determined the effect of bacterial metabolites on breast cancer cell proliferation and doxorubicin therapy responsiveness. We show chemotherapy administration significantly increased breast tumor Pseudomonas spp. Primary breast tumors from patients who developed distant metastases displayed increased tumoral abundance of Brevundimonas and Staphylococcus. We confirmed presence of Pseudomonas in breast tumor tissue by IHC staining. Treatment of breast cancer cells with Pseudomonas aeruginosa conditioned media differentially effected proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and modulated doxorubicin-mediated cell death. Our results indicate chemotherapy shifts the breast tumor microbiome and specific microbes correlate with tumor recurrence. Further studies with a larger patient cohort may provide greater insights into the role of microbiota in therapeutic outcome and develop novel bacterial biomarkers that could predict distant metastases.

Implications:
Breast tumor microbiota are modified by therapy and affects molecular signaling.
Age and Sex Differences in Ischemic Stroke Treatment in a Nationwide Analysis of 1.11 Million Hospitalized Cases
Authors: Weber Ralph , Krogias Christos , Eyding Jens , Bartig Dirk , Meves Saskia H. , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Caso Valeria , Hacke Werner 
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose—
To date, there is still uncertainty about age and sex differences in access to stroke unit treatment and use of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), while age and sex differences have not been investigated for the new treatment option of mechanical thrombectomy (MT). We, therefore, undertook a complete nationwide analysis of all hospitalized ischemic stroke patients in Germany from 2013 to 2017.

Methods—
We used the nationwide administrative database of the German Federal Statistical Office and investigated access to stroke unit treatment, IVT, MT, and in-hospital mortality. Patients were subdivided into 6 predefined age groups (20–44, 45–59, 60–69, 70–79, 80–89, and >90 years). Pooled overall and age group estimates were calculated using the random-effects model. To evaluate potential sex disparities, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs.

Results—

A total of 1 112 570 patients were hospitalized for first or recurrent ischemic stroke from 2013 to 2017. Overall, stroke unit treatment increased significantly from 66.8% in 2013 to 73.5% in 2017, as did IVT (from 12.4% to 15.9%) and MT (from 2.4% to 5.8%; all
P
<0.001). Although the difference became smaller over time, patients ≥80 years of age still received significantly less often treatments. Men of all age groups had a significantly higher probability receiving stroke unit treatment (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.09–1.12) and lower in-hospital mortality (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.89–0.93). No disparity was observed in the use of IVT (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.98–1.01), while women of all ages were treated more often with MT (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.22–1.30).

Conclusions—
Access to stroke unit treatment has to be increased in both older patients and women of all ages. While there was no sex difference in IVT use, it is important to further investigate the significantly higher frequency of MT in women with ischemic stroke irrespective of age.
The Samareitikon, the “κατὰ Σαµαρειτῶν” Marginalia in Codex M, and P. Carl 49
Authors: Marsh Bradley John 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between the Samaritan Greek translation of the Pentateuch, i.e., the Samareitikon, and an obscure 5th cent. fragmentary papyrus of Exodus, Carl 49. The latter has been recognized previously as transmitting a text of the Septuagint which was obviously revised towards some kind of Semitic source. It is argued here that the Semitic base upon which Carl 49 was revised was not Jewish but Samaritan. This is based on a textual analysis of the fragment which reveals important connections with the Samaritan textual tradition, specifically the Samaritan Targum. Further, this analysis may possibly be confirmed by external evidence, namely an obscure marginal reading designated κατὰ Σαµαρειτῶν found in codex M, the heavily annotated 7th cent. Octateuch MS.
Group Interests in Nigeria’s Companies and Allied Matters Act: a History of Subterranean Regulatory Capture
Authors: Nnona Chukwuemeka G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article explores regulatory capture of aspects of company and securities law and the related law-making process by interest groups within Nigeria’s commercial and bureaucratic classes. Using several examples, the paper draws out the reach and character of these interests. The paper’s central argument is that the presence and reach of such group interests in Nigerian company law-making have hitherto been masked by the standard stylized rhetoric and presentation of company law and company law-making in Nigeria as formal, scripted affairs, but acknowledging these interests and delineating their contours conduce to their prophylaxis in law-making as well as their treatment in company law adjudication.
100 Years of Progress in Understanding the Stratosphere and Mesosphere
Authors: Baldwin Mark P. , Birner Thomas , Brasseur Guy , Burrows John , Butchart Neal , Garcia Rolando , Geller Marvin , Gray Lesley , Hamilton Kevin , Harnik Nili , Hegglin Michaela I. , Langematz Ulrike , Robock Alan , Sato Kaoru , Scaife Adam A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe stratosphere contains ~17% of Earth’s atmospheric mass, but its existence was unknown until 1902. In the following decades our knowledge grew gradually as more observations of the stratosphere were made. In 1913 the ozone layer, which protects life from harmful ultraviolet radiation, was discovered. From ozone and water vapor observations, a first basic idea of a stratospheric general circulation was put forward. Since the 1950s our knowledge of the stratosphere and mesosphere has expanded rapidly, and the importance of this region in the climate system has become clear. With more observations, several new stratospheric phenomena have been discovered: the quasi-biennial oscillation, sudden stratospheric warmings, the Southern Hemisphere ozone hole, and surface weather impacts of stratospheric variability. None of these phenomena were anticipated by theory. Advances in theory have more often than not been prompted by unexplained phenomena seen in new stratospheric observations. From the 1960s onward, the importance of dynamical processes and the coupled stratosphere–troposphere circulation was realized. Since approximately 2000, better representations of the stratosphere—and even the mesosphere—have been included in climate and weather forecasting models. We now know that in order to produce accurate seasonal weather forecasts, and to predict long-term changes in climate and the future evolution of the ozone layer, models with a well-resolved stratosphere with realistic dynamics and chemistry are necessary.
Variability in the Mozambique Channel Trough and Impacts on Southeast African Rainfall
Authors: Barimalala Rondrotiana , Blamey Ross C. , Desbiolles Fabien , Reason Chris J. C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Mozambique Channel trough (MCT) is a cyclonic region prominent in austral summer in the central and southern Mozambique Channel. It first becomes evident in December with a peak in strength in February when the Mozambique Channel is warmest and the Mascarene high (MH) is located farthest southeast in the Indian Ocean basin. The strength and the timing of the mean MCT are linked to that of the cross-equatorial northeasterly monsoon in the tropical western Indian Ocean, which curves as northwesterlies toward northern Madagascar. The interannual variability in the MCT is associated with moist convection over the Mozambique Channel and is modulated by the location of the warm sea surface temperatures in the south Indian Ocean. Variability of the MCT shows a strong relationship with the equatorial westerlies north of Madagascar and the latitudinal extension of the MH. Summers with strong MCT activity are characterized by a prominent cyclonic circulation over the Mozambique Channel, extending to the midlatitudes. These are favorable for the development of tropical–extratropical cloud bands over the southwestern Indian Ocean and trigger an increase in rainfall over the ocean but a decrease over the southern African mainland. Most years with a weak MCT are associated with strong positive south Indian Ocean subtropical dipole events, during which the subcontinent tends to receive more rainfall whereas Madagascar and northern Mozambique are anomalously dry.
Quantifying and Diagnosing Sources of Uncertainty in Midcentury Changes in North American Snowpack from NARCCAP
Authors: McCrary Rachel R. , Mearns Linda O. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe NARCCAP RCM–GCM ensemble is used to explore the uncertainty in midcentury projections of snow over North America that arise when multiple RCMs are used to downscale multiple GCMs. Various snow metrics are examined, including snow water equivalent (SWE), snow cover extent (SCE), snow cover duration (SCD), and the timing of the snow season. Simulated biases in baseline snow characteristics are found to be sensitive to the choice of RCM and less influenced by the driving GCM. By midcentury, domain-averaged SCE and SWE are projected to decrease in all months of the year. However, using multiple RCMs to downscale multiple GCMs inflates the uncertainty in future projections of both SCE and SWE, with projections of SWE being more uncertain. Spatially, the RCMs show winter SWE decreasing over most of North America, except north of the Arctic rim, where SWE is projected to increase. SCD is also projected to decrease with both a later start and earlier termination of the snow season. For all metrics considered, the magnitude of the climate change signal varies across the RCMs. The ensemble spread is large over the western United States, where the RCMs disagree on the sign of the change in SWE in some high-elevation regions. Future projections of snow (both magnitude and spatial patterns) are more similar between simulations performed with the same RCM than the simulations driven by the same GCM. This implies that climate change uncertainty is not sufficiently explored in experiments performed with a single RCM driven by multiple GCMs.
Evaluation of a Compact Broadband Differential Absorption Lidar for Routine Water Vapor Profiling in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Newsom R. K. , Turner D. D. , Lehtinen R. , Münkel C. , Kallio J. , Roininen R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe performance of a novel water vapor broadband differential absorption lidar (BB-DIAL) is evaluated. This compact, eye-safe, diode-laser-based prototype was developed by Vaisala. It was designed to operate unattended in all weather conditions and to provide height-resolved measurements of water vapor mixing ratio in the lower troposphere. Evaluation of the Vaisala prototype was carried out at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site in north-central Oklahoma (i.e., the Southern Great Plains site) from 15 May to 12 June 2017. BB-DIAL measurements were compared with observations from radiosondes that were launched within 200 m of the BB-DIAL’s location. Radiosonde measurements are also compared with observations from a collocated Raman lidar and an Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer. During the evaluation period, the BB-DIAL operated continuously and did not experience any failures or malfunctions. The data availability was greater than 90% below 900 m but then decreased rapidly with height above this level to less than 10% above 1500 m AGL. From 106 radiosonde profiles, the overall mean difference (averaged temporally and vertically up to 1500 m) between the BB-DIAL and the radiosonde was −0.01 g kg−1, with a standard deviation of 0.65 g kg−1, and a linear correlation coefficient of 0.98. For comparison, the overall mean difference between the Raman lidar and the radiosonde was 0.07 g kg−1, with a standard deviation of 0.74 g kg−1, and a linear correlation coefficient of 0.97.
Identifying Ocean Swell Generation Events from Ross Ice Shelf Seismic Data
Authors: Hell Momme C. , Cornelle Bruce D. , Gille Sarah T. , Miller Arthur J. , Bromirski Peter D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStrong surface winds under extratropical cyclones exert intense surface stresses on the ocean that lead to upper-ocean mixing, intensified heat fluxes, and the generation of waves, that, over time, lead to swell waves (longer than 10-s period) that travel long distances. Because low-frequency swell propagates faster than high-frequency swell, the frequency dependence of swell arrival times at a measurement site can be used to infer the distance and time that the wave has traveled from its generation site. This study presents a methodology that employs spectrograms of ocean swell from point observations on the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) to verify the position of high wind speed areas over the Southern Ocean, and therefore of extratropical cyclones. The focus here is on the implementation and robustness of the methodology in order to lay the groundwork for future broad application to verify Southern Ocean storm positions from atmospheric reanalysis data. The method developed here combines linear swell dispersion with a parametric wave model to construct a time- and frequency-dependent model of the dispersed swell arrivals in spectrograms of seismic observations on the RIS. A two-step optimization procedure (deep learning) of gradient descent and Monte Carlo sampling allows detailed estimates of the parameter distributions, with robust estimates of swell origins. Median uncertainties of swell source locations are 110 km in radial distance and 2 h in time. The uncertainties are derived from RIS observations and the model, rather than an assumed distribution. This method is an example of supervised machine learning informed by physical first principles in order to facilitate parameter interpretation in the physical domain.
A 10-Year Warm-Season Climatology of Horizontal Convective Rolls and Cellular Convection in Central Oklahoma
Authors: Banghoff John R. , Sorber Jacob D. , Stensrud David J. , Young George S. , Kumjian Matthew R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Horizontal convective rolls (HCRs) and cellular convection (cells) are frequently observed within the planetary boundary layer. Yet understanding of the evolution, seasonal variation, and characteristics of such boundary layer phenomena is limited as previous studies used observations from field experiments or satellites. As a result, little is known about the mean climatology and monthly variation of HCRs and cells. Polarimetric WSR-88D radar observations are used to develop a 10-yr April–September climatology in central Oklahoma including HCR and cell occurrence, duration, and aspect ratios as well as HCR orientation angles and wavelengths. Results indicate that HCRs or cells occur on over 92% of days without precipitation during the warm season. HCRs or cells typically form in midmorning and may persist throughout the day or transition between modes before dissipating around sunset. HCRs generally persist for 1–6 h with typical wavelengths of 2–10 km and most aspect ratios between 1 and 7. Rolls are often oriented within 10° of the mean boundary layer wind but can be as much as 30° off this direction. Mean HCR aspect ratios in this study remain constant during the afternoon, but decrease early in the day and increase late in the day, diverging from previous overland HCR studies. Cells generally persist for 2–6 h with aspect ratios of 1–6. These results should facilitate future studies on convection initiation, formation mechanisms of boundary layer organization, and model parameterization.
Temporal changes of circadian rhythmicity in cluster headache
Authors: Lee Mi Ji , Cho Soo-Jin , Park Jeong Wook , Chu Min Kyung , Moon Heui-Soo , Chung Pil-Wook , Chung Jae-Myun , Sohn Jong-Hee , Kim Byung-Kun , Kim Byung-Su , Kim Soo-Kyoung , Song Tae-Jin , Choi Yun-Ju , Park Kwang-Yeol , Oh Kyungmi , Ahn Jin-Young , Woo Sook-Young , Kim Seonwoo , Lee Kwang-Soo , Chung Chin-Sang 
Published: October 2019

Objective To investigate the temporal changes of circadian rhythmicity in relation to the disease course in patients with cluster headache. Methods In this multicenter study, patients with cluster headache were recruited between September 2016 and July 2018. We evaluated the patients for circadian rhythmicity and time of cluster headache attacks in the current bout and any experience of bout-to-bout change in circadian rhythmicity. We analyzed the patterns of circadian rhythmicity in relation to the disease progression (the number of total lifetime bouts, grouped into deciles). Results Of the 175 patients in their active, within-bout period, 86 (49.1%) had circadian rhythmicity in the current bout. The prevalence of circadian rhythmicity in the active period was overall similar regardless of disease progression. Sixty-three (46.3%) out of 136 patients with ≥2 bouts reported bout-to-bout changes in circadian rhythmicity. The most frequent time of cluster headache attacks was distributed evenly throughout the day earlier in the disease course and dichotomized into hypnic and midday as the number of lifetime bouts increased ( p = 0.037 for the homogeneity of variance). When grouped into nighttime and daytime, nighttime attacks were predominant early in the disease course, while daytime attacks increased with disease progression (up to 7th deciles of total lifetime bouts, p = 0.001) and decreased in patients with the most advanced disease course ( p = 0.013 for the non-linear association). Conclusions Circadian rhythmicity is not a fixed factor, and changes according to the disease course. Our findings will be valuable in providing a new insight into the stability of functional involvement of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the pathophysiology of cluster headache.
A Prospective Study of Childhood Predictors of Traumatic Brain Injuries Sustained in Adolescence and Adulthood
Authors: Guberman Guido I. , Robitaille Marie-Pier , Larm Peter , Ptito Alain , Vitaro Frank , Tremblay Richard E. , Hodgins Sheilagh 
Published: October 2019

Objective: Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are sustained by approximately 17% of males in the general population, many of whom subsequently present mental disorders, cognitive, and physical problems. Little is known about predictors of TBIs and how to prevent them. The present study aimed to determine whether inattention–hyperactivity and/or all externalizing problems presented by boys at age 10 predict subsequent TBIs to age 34 after taking account of previous TBIs and family social status (FSS). Method: 742 Canadian males were followed, prospectively, from age 6 to 34. Diagnoses of TBIs were extracted from health files, parents-reported sociodemographic and family characteristics at participants’ age 6, and teachers-rated participants’ behaviors at age 10. Separate logistic regression models predicted TBIs sustained from age 11 to 17 and from age 18 to 34. For each age period, two models were computed, one included previous TBIs, inattention–hyperactivity, FSS, and interaction terms, the second included previous TBIs, externalizing problems, FSS, and interaction terms. Results: In models that included inattention–hyperactivity, TBIs sustained from age 11 to 17 were predicted by age 10 inattention–hyperactivity (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.46, 1.05 to 2.05) and by TBIs prior to age 11 ( OR = 3.50, 1.48 to 8.24); TBIs sustained from age 18 to 34 were predicted by age 10 inattention–hyperactivity ( OR = 1.31, 1.01 to 170). In models that included all externalizing problems, TBIs from age 11 to 17 were predicted by prior TBIs ( OR = 3.66, 1.51 to 8.39); TBIs sustained from age 18 to 34 were predicted by age 10 externalizing problems ( OR = 1.45, 1.12 to 1.86). Neither FSS nor interaction terms predicted TBIs in any of the models. Conclusions: Among males, using evidence-based treatments to reduce inattention–hyperactivity and externalizing problems among boys could, potentially, decrease the risk of TBIs to age 34. Further, boys who sustain TBIs in childhood require monitoring to prevent recurrence in adolescence.