bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil organic carbon sequestration when converting a rainfed cropping system to irrigated corn under different tillage systems and N fertilizer rates
Authors: Pareja‐Sánchez Evangelina , Cantero‐Martínez Carlos , Álvaro‐Fuentes Jorge , Plaza‐Bonilla Daniel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of 21 years of tillage and N fertilization and the conversion from a rainfed to an irrigated cropping system on soil organic C (SOC). The study was carried out in northeastern Spain in a long‐term tillage and N rate field experiment established in 1996 under barley rainfed conditions, which in 2015 was converted into irrigation with corn. Three types of tillage (conventional tillage, CT; reduced tillage, RT; no‐tillage, NT) and three mineral N fertilization rates (0, 60, and 120 kg N ha−1under barley, and 0, 200, and 400 kg N ha−1under corn) were compared. Annual C‐inputs as aboveground crop residues and annual SOC sequestration rate (∆SOCrate) (0–40 cm depth) were calculated in three different periods (P1, P2 and P3) under rainfed (‐R) and irrigated (‐I) conditions (P1‐R, from 1996 to 2009; P2‐R, from 2009 to 2015; P3‐I, from 2015 to 2017). At the end of P3‐I, particulate organic C (POC) was measured from the 0–5, 5–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 cm depths. Averaged over all treatments, ∆SOCratewas 492, 222, and 969 kg C ha−1yr−1for P1‐R, P2‐R, and P3‐I, respectively. In P1‐R and P3‐I, C‐input explained 70% of the variability of ∆SOCrate. In P1‐R, ∆SOCratefollowed the order NT > RT > CT, while for N rate, order was high > medium > 0. In P3‐I at the highest N rate, ∆SOCratefollowed the order NT > RT > CT. In P2‐R, ∆SOCratedid not show differences between tillage and/or N rate treatments. The increase in SOC after conversion from a rainfed to an irrigation system was mainly explained by POC, which was increased by 75% compared to the previous rainfed period. The modification of the cropping system through the introduction of irrigation and adequate crop management practices under no‐tillage and adjusted N fertilizer rates can contribute to the sequestration of large amounts of atmospheric CO2.
The role of rutile TiO2 nanoparticles on weathering resistance of photocurable acrylate urethane coating
Authors: Vuong Nguyen Thien 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to evaluate the role of nano rutile TiO2 (R‐TiO2) on the weathering resistance of UV curable acrylate urethane coating. At first, the nano R‐TiO2 at the content of 2 wt.% was dispersed in 1,6 Hexanediol for 3 hrs and then mixed with the urethane acrylate Eberyl 284 (E284) and photo initiator Irgacure 184 (I.184) for 30 min. After UV curing in FUSION UV equipment for 4.8 s, the coating unreinforced and reinforced 2 wt.% nano R‐TiO2 were analyzed by FE‐SEM in order to determine the dispersion of the nanoparticles in the polymer substrate and examined the accelerated aging in an Atlas UV/CON chamber. The aging of the coatings was assessed by IR analysis and measuring the losses of their weight and mechanical properties. The obtained results showed that the nanoparticles were distributed evenly in polymer substrate with the size of 50‐150 nm. In the presence of 2 wt.% R‐TiO2 nanoparticles, the acrylate urethane/R‐TiO2 nanocomposite coating was more weather durable than the neat coating (without the nanoparticles). After 48 aging cycles, the CH and CNH groups, the weight and the abrasion resistance of the nanocomposite coating slightly decreased, whilst those of the neat coating was severely degraded.
Role of cancer stem cell markers ALDH1, BCL11B, BMI-1, and CD44 in the prognosis of advanced HNSCC
Authors: Jakob Mark , Sharaf Kariem , Schirmer Markus , Leu Martin , Küffer Stefan , Bertlich Mattis , Ihler Friedrich , Haubner Frank , Canis Martin , Kitz Julia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are held accountable for the progress of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the presented study, the authors evaluated the prognostic value of CSC markers in two particular HNSCC cohorts.

Methods
This two cohort study consisted of 85 patients with advanced stage HNSCC, treated with primary radio(chemo)therapy (pRCT), and 95 patients with HNSCC, treated with surgery and partially adjuvant radio(chemo)therapy. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) were assessed. Samples were assessed for the expression of different molecular stem cell markers (ALDH1, BCL11B, BMI‑1, and CD44).

Results
In the pRCT cohort, none of the baseline patient and tumor features exhibited a statistically significant relation with survival in either the cohort or the human papillomavirus (HPV)-stratified subcohorts. High expression of BMI‑1 significantly decreased OS and DFS, while high expression of CD44 decreased all modes of survival. Multivariate analysis showed significant prognostic influence for all tested CSC markers, with high BMI‑1 and CD44 decreasing survival (BMI-1: OS, DFS, DSS; CD44: OS, DFS) and high ALDH1 and BCL11B showing a beneficial effect on survival (ALDH1: OS, DFS; BCL11B: OS, DSS). In the surgical cohort, classical prognosticators such as HPV status, R1 resection, and nodal status in HPV-negative HNSCC played a significant role, but the tested CSC markers showed no significant effect on prognosis.

Conclusion
Although validation in independent cohorts is still needed, testing for CSC markers in patients with advanced or late stage HNSCC might be beneficial, especially if many comorbidities exist or disease is irresectable. The findings might guide the development and earlier use of targeted therapies in the future.
(Lack of) Effects of noradrenergic stimulation on human working memory performance
Authors: Wanke Nadine , Müller Jana Christina , Wiedemann Klaus , Schwabe Lars 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Rationale
Working memory depends on prefrontal cortex functioning, which is particularly sensitive to levels of noradrenaline. Studies in non-human primates have shown that modest levels of noradrenaline improve working memory, and that higher levels of noradrenaline impair working memory performance. However, research in humans provided inconsistent findings concerning noradrenergic effects on working memory.

Objective
The present study aimed at assessing dose-dependent effects of yohimbine, an alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist, on working memory performance in healthy humans. We further aimed to explore a potential interactive effect between noradrenergic arousal and lack of control over aversive events on working memory performance.

Methods
We used a double-blind, fully crossed, placebo-controlled, between-subject design. Participants (N = 121) performed an adaptive n-back task before and after oral administration of either a placebo, 20 mg, or 40 mg yohimbine and a manipulation of controllability, during which participants could either learn to avoid electric shocks (controllability groups), had no instrumental control over shock administration (uncontrollability groups), or did not receive any shocks (no-shock control group).

Results
While no significant results of noradrenergic stimulation through yohimbine were obtained using conventional frequentist analyses, additional Bayesian analyses provided strong evidence for the absence of an association between pharmacological treatment and working memory performance. We further observed no effect of controllability and no interaction between noradrenergic stimulation and the manipulation of controllability.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that noradrenergic stimulation through yohimbine does not affect (non-spatial) working memory in healthy human participants.
Unveiling the Microbiota Diversity of the Xerophyte Argania spinosa L. Skeels Root System and Residuesphere
Authors: Mapelli Francesca , Riva Valentina , Vergani Lorenzo , Choukrallah Redouane , Borin Sara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe microbiota associated to xerophyte is a “black box” that might include microbes involved in plant adaptation to the extreme conditions that characterize their habitat, like water shortage. In this work, we studied the bacterial communities inhabiting the root system of Argania spinosa L. Skeels, a tree of high economic value and ecological relevance in Northern Africa. Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing and cultivation techniques were applied to unravel the bacterial microbiota’s structure in environmental niches associated to argan plants (i.e., root endosphere, rhizosphere, root-surrounding soil), not associated to the plant (i.e., bulk soil), and indirectly influenced by the plant being partially composed by its leafy residue and the associated microbes (i.e., residuesphere). Illumina dataset indicated that the root system portions of A. spinosa hosted different bacterial communities according to their degree of association with the plant, enriching for taxa typical of the plant microbiome. Similar alpha- and beta-diversity trends were observed for the total microbiota and its cultivable fraction, which included 371 isolates. In particular, the residuesphere was the niche with the highest bacterial diversity. The Plant Growth Promotion (PGP) potential of 219 isolates was investigated in vitro, assessing several traits related to biofertilization and biocontrol, besides the production of exopolysaccharides. Most of the multivalent isolates showing the higher PGP score were identified in the residuesphere, suggesting it as a habitat that favor their proliferation. We hypothesized that these bacteria can contribute, in partnership with the argan root system, to the litter effect played by this tree in its native arid lands.
Balancing orbital volume reduction and redistribution for a tailored surgical treatment in Graves’ ophthalmopathy
Authors: Costan Victor Vlad , Ciocan-Pendefunda Constantin-Catalin , Ciofu Mihai Liviu , Boisteanu Otilia , Timofte Daniel Vasile , Gheorghe Liliana , Bogdanici Camelia , Preda Cristina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aim
The purpose of this study is to share our experience on the use of different orbital decompression techniques, as well as the principles followed for deciding the most case-appropriate procedure that ensured the most favorable outcomes.

Methods
We reviewed the Graves’ ophthalmopathy cases operated over the course of 14 years, regarding the presenting signs, the imaging evaluation, the degree of exophthalmos, the type of surgical orbital decompression performed, and the postoperative outcomes.

Results
All 42 patients identified presented with proptosis, with 92.8% cases of bilateral proptosis. The main addressing concern was functional in 54.8% cases and aesthetic in 45.2% patients. CT was used for the preoperative evaluation in all cases. In total, 81 orbits were operated. The orbital decompression surgery involved only the orbital fat in 7.4% of orbits and associated fat and bone decompression in the other 92.6% of orbits. The postoperative results were favorable in all cases regarding both appearance and function, with minimal postoperative complications.

Conclusion
The adequate selection of the most suitable procedure based on the characteristics of each case is the prerequisite for a successful surgery. We found that the association of fat and bone decompression of various extents is most permissive in tailoring the degree of decompression to the existing requirements.
Geographical structuring and low diversity of paternal lineages in Bahrain shown by analysis of 27 Y-STRs
Authors: Al-Snan Noora R. , Messaoudi Safia A. , Khubrani Yahya M. , Wetton Jon H. , Jobling Mark A. , Bakhiet Moiz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe have determined the distribution of Y-chromosomal haplotypes and predicted haplogroups in the ethnically diverse Kingdom of Bahrain, a small archipelago in the Arabian Gulf. Paternal population structure within Bahrain was investigated using the 27 Y-STRs (short tandem repeats) in the Yfiler Plus kit to generate haplotypes from 562 unrelated Bahraini males, sub-divided into four geographical regions—Northern, Capital, Southern and Muharraq. Yfiler Plus provided a significant improvement over the 17-locus Yfiler kit in discrimination capacity (from 77% to 87.5% overall), but discrimination capacity differed widely between regions from 98.4% in Muharraq to 75.2% in the Northern region, an unusually low value possibly resulting from recent rapid population expansion. Clusters of closely related male lineages were seen, with only 79.4% of donors displaying unique haplotypes and 59% of instances of shared haplotypes occurring within, rather than between, regions. Haplogroup prediction indicated diverse origins of the population with a predominance of haplogroups J2 and J1, both typical of the Arabian Peninsula, but also haplogroups such as B2 and E1b1a likely originating in Africa, and H, L and R2 likely indicative of migration from South Asia. Haplogroup frequencies differed significantly between regions, with J2 significantly more common in the Northern region compared with the Southern, possibly due to differential settlement by Baharna and Arabs. Our study shows that paternal lineage population structure can exist even over small geographical scales, and that highly discriminating genetic tools are required where rapid expansions have occurred within tightly bounded populations.
Sexual behavior and its association with persistent oral lesions: analysis of the POP-Brazil study
Authors: da Cunha Amanda Ramos , Bessel Marina , Hugo Fernando Neves , de Souza Flávia Moreno Alves , Pereira Gerson Fernando Mendes , Wendland Eliana Márcia Da Ros 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate whether the presence of persistent self-reported oral lesions (PSOLs) is associated with sexual behaviors and with the presence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in individuals aged 16–25 years in the state capitals of Brazil.

Materials and Methods
Data from the POP-Brazil study were analyzed. An association analysis was performed by Poisson regression with the presence of PSOLs as the outcome. The exposure variables were the age at first sexual intercourse, the number of partners, oral sex practice, and aspects of condom use for model 1, and the presence of a self-reported STI or a positive rapid test for HIV/syphilis and the presence of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) for model 2. The results were adjusted for socioeconomic variables.

Results
The prevalence of PSOLs was 76% higher among individuals who had two or more sexual partners in the past year (p = 0.046) and 68% higher in those who reported not using condoms for contraception (p = 0.032). The group with HIV/syphilis or self-reported STI had a 140% higher PSOL prevalence (p = 0.003).

Conclusions
The self-report of oral lesions in adolescents and young adults may suggest risky sexual behavior and the presence of STI.

Clinical relevance
It is necessary to contextualize the reality of the young person to optimize oral health care.
To what extent does the detection of climate change in Hungary depend on the choice of statistical methods?
Authors: Izsák Beatrix , Szentimrey Tamás 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe trend analysis of meteorological time series has gained prominence in recent decades, the most common method being the so-called ‘linear analytical trend analysis’. Until the mid-1990s, trend analysis was commonly performed on non-homogenized data sets, which frequently led to erroneous conclusions. Nowadays, only homogenized data sets are examined, so it really is possible to detect climate change in long meteorological data sets. In this paper, the methodology of linear trend analysis is summarized, the way in which the model can be validated is demonstrated, and there is a discussion of the results obtained if unjustified discontinuities caused by changing measurement conditions, such as the relocation of stations, changes in measurement time, or instrument change occur. On the basis of an examination of records for the preceding 118 years, it is possible to state that both annual and seasonal mean temperature trends display a significant warming trend. In the case of homogenized data series, the change is significant over the entire territory of Hungary; in the case of raw data series, however, the change is not significant everywhere. The validity of the linear model is tested using the F-test, a task as yet carried out on the entire Hungarian data series, series comprising records for over 100 years. Furthermore, neither has a comparison been made of the trend data for raw data series and the homogenized data series with the help of information on station history to explore the causes of inhomogeneity.
Electron-Induced Perpendicular Graphene Sheets Embedded Porous Carbon Film for Flexible Touch Sensors
Authors: Chen Sicheng , Wang Yunfei , Yang Lei , Karouta Fouad , Sun Kun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGraphene-based materials on wearable electronics and bendable displays have received considerable attention for the mechanical flexibility, superior electrical conductivity, and high surface area, which are proved to be one of the most promising candidates of stretching and wearable sensors. However, polarized electric charges need to overcome the barrier of graphene sheets to cross over flakes to penetrate into the electrode, as the graphene planes are usually parallel to the electrode surface. By introducing electron-induced perpendicular graphene (EIPG) electrodes incorporated with a stretchable dielectric layer, a flexible and stretchable touch sensor with “in-sheet-charges-transportation” is developed to lower the resistance of carrier movement. The electrode was fabricated with porous nanostructured architecture design to enable wider variety of dielectric constants of only 50-μm-thick Ecoflex layer, leading to fast response time of only 66 ms, as well as high sensitivities of 0.13 kPa−1 below 0.1 kPa and 4.41 MPa−1 above 10 kPa, respectively. Moreover, the capacitance-decrease phenomenon of capacitive sensor is explored to exhibit an object recognition function in one pixel without any other integrated sensor. This not only suggests promising applications of the EIPG electrode in flexible touch sensors but also provides a strategy for internet of things security functions.
Prospect theory and the potential for lottery-based subsidies
Authors: SPENCER NOAH 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe relevant literature notes a lack of applications relative to the theoretical impact of prospect theory. In this paper, I provide a brief review of this literature aimed at policymakers before developing an idea for lottery-based government subsidy policies. I consider the general conditions under which such policies could be effective in (1) increasing the performance of desired behaviours and (2) saving governments money. I provide two examples of current Canadian subsidies that I argue could be improved with the addition of a lottery option.
The Role of Concepts in Fixing Language
Authors: Sawyer Sarah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis is a contribution to the symposium on Herman Cappelen’s book Fixing Language. Cappelen proposes a metasemantic framework—the “Austerity Framework”—within which to understand the general phenomenon of conceptual engineering. The proposed framework is austere in the sense that it makes no reference to concepts. Conceptual engineering is then given a “worldly” construal according to which conceptual engineering is a process that operates on the world. I argue, contra Cappelen, that an adequate theory of conceptual engineering must make reference to concepts. This is because concepts are required to account for topic continuity, a phenomenon which lies at the heart of projects in conceptual engineering. I argue that Cappelen’s own account of topic continuity is inadequate as a result of the austerity of his metasemantic framework, and that his worldly construal of conceptual engineering is untenable.
Emergency medicine physician burnout and wellness in Canada before COVID19: A national survey
Authors: Lim Rodrick , Aarsen Kristine Van , Gray Sara , Rang Louise , Fitzpatrick Jada , Fischer Lisa 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionEmergency medicine (EM) is a high-risk specialty for burnout. COVID-19 has had and will continue to have important consequences on wellness and burnout for EM physicians in Canada. Baseline data are crucial to monitor the health of EM physicians in Canada, and evaluate any interventions designed to help during and after COVID-19.ObjectivesTo describe the rates of burnout, depression, and suicidality in practicing EM physicians in Canada, just before the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA modified snowball method was used for survey distribution. Participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Health Services Tool (MBI-HSS), a screening measure for depression (PHQ-9), and a question regarding if the physician had ever or in the past 12 months contemplated suicide.ResultsA total of 384 respondent surveys were included in the final analysis: 86.1% (329/382) met at least one of the criteria for burnout, 58% (217/374) scored minimal to none on the PHQ-9 screening tool for depression, 14.3% (53/371) had contemplated suicide during their staff career in EM, and of those, 5.9% (22/371) had actively considered suicide in the past year.ConclusionCanadian EM physicians just before the COVID-19 pandemic had an alarming number of respondents meet the threshold for burnout, confirming EM as a high-risk specialty. This important baseline information can be used to monitor the physical and mental risks to EM physicians during and after COVID-19, and evaluate support for mental health and wellness, which is urgently needed now and post pandemic.
Progressive Entanglements? Activity Profiles, Responsibilities and Interactions of Dentists at Auschwitz. The Example of 2nd SS Dentist Willi Schatz
Authors: Schwanke Enno , Groß Dominik 
Published: June 2020

The history of dentistry during the Third Reich is still a neglected chapter in medical history; especially with a view to the concentration camps. Beyond the theft of dental gold, we actually know very little about the number of camp dentists or even about their activities and how these changed in particular in the final phase of the war. By using as a case study the biography of Willi Schatz, 2nd SS dentist at Auschwitz from January 1944 till autumn 1944, this paper examines the tasks of SS camp dentists in Auschwitz. It points out to what extent the scope of action of the camp dentists changed under the impression of extraordinary events, and clarifies that using the example of the Ungarn Aktion, in which more than 300 000 deportees were immediately murdered. It illustrates that such situational dynamics were an essential driving force for the expansion of dentals tasks. Despite the fact that Schatz was acquitted during the Frankfurt Auschwitz trial (1963–5) for lack of evidence, we show that dentists were not only part of the selection personnel but also high profiteers of the accelerated extermination actions. It can be demonstrated that participation in the selection process – originally reserved for physicians – offered SS dentists access to further SS networks. The study is based on primary sources supplemented with relevant secondary literature, and combines a biographical with a praxeological approach.