bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using deterioration modelling to simulate sewer rehabilitation strategy with low data availability
Authors: Caradot N. , Sampaio Ph. R. , Guilbert A. S. , Sonnenberg H. , Parez V. , Dimova V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Most cities face the problem of an aging infrastructure in need of extensive and ongoing repair, renovation or replacement. Since the 1980s, CCTV has been the industry standard for sewer system inspection and the main source of information for structural performance evaluation. Due to low inspection rates and the lack of information about sewer condition, deterioration models have been developed to simulate the condition of non-inspected sewers and assess the influence of several rehabilitation scenarios. This paper presents an innovative modelling tool for long-term sewer rehabilitation planning based on the integration of a deterioration and a rehabilitation model. The tool is demonstrated in full scale using CCTV and sewer data of the city of Sofia, in Bulgaria. Results provide tangible proofs of investment needs for sewer rehabilitation and support the utility in the negotiation of budgets with the municipality. Since age is one key variable for deterioration modelling, a new method is proposed to estimate missing construction years in the utility database with a prediction error of less than 7 years.
Statistical Accounting as a Digital Measure of the Development of the Region's Adaptation Potential Under Sanctions
Authors: Kremlev N. D. 
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the tools for digital measurement of the development of the adaptive potential of the region's population under sanctions using economic and statistical analysis methods. The study uses statistical characteristics that are suitable for creating a model of interaction between internal and external adaptation systems of the region's population. It is assumed that the adaptive potential of a person is determined by the amount of stress they experience over a certain period of time. To characterize the relative values of stress, the theory of population needs is used, in particular: natural-physiological, demographic, social, economic and organizational. The region's adaptive potential includes demographic, labor, social, economic, industrial, organizational, and other types. The materials and methods of the research are the application of official data of the Federal State Statistics Service using economic and statistical analysis methods, structural and dynamic analysis of indicators, as well as methods of theoretical research in the form of generalization, comparison, aggregation and special analytical procedures.According to the results of the review of theoretical approaches, it is concluded that the adaptive potential can be described as a complex object of research. Based on physiological, socio-demographic, activity, economic and other approaches, the author developed and proposed a model for digital measurement of the development of the region's adaptive potential under sanctions. The concept of adaptive potential is clarified as the ability (potency) of population organisms, resources of enterprises and territories, their specific capabilities to produce benefits and change (to adapt) to any situation. A model of interaction between internal and external systems of population adaptation, a method for calculating the aggregate index of development of the region's adaptation potential, and a matrix for estimating the growth rate (weights) of its elements are developed. Analysis of the measurement of the aggregated indices confirmed the assumption about the impact of foreign sanctions on the degree of adaptation of the population of the country's regions. For example, in 2015, the index of adaptive capacity decreased to negative values in all regions of the Ural Federal District and some in the Central Federal District and in subsequent years there was a gradual adaptation of regions to sanctions. The results obtained expand the understanding of the impact of sanctions on the adaptation of the population of regions; they can be used to diagnose socio-economic processes; develop practical recommendations for improving regional policies and strategies for sustainable development in the face of sanctions and other challenges of the time. The considered approach is linked to the tasks set for the Russian system of state statistics in the framework of the program "Digital economy of the Russian Federation".
Changes in the Suicide Rate under the Influence of Daily Activities in EU Countries
Authors: Korotkov P. A. , Trubyanov A. B. , Zagaynova E. A. , Zverev A. I. 
Published: December 2020

The article examines the impact of daily activities on the suicide rate on the basis of data from the European Detailed Mortality Database of the World Health Organization and the Harmonized European Time Use Survey.Purpose. To evaluate the relation between the suicide rate and duration of the main daily activities of employees in the spheres of work, household and leisure activities in terms of the multifactor models. Materials and methods. Daily activities are understood as time spent on work, household and leisure activities. In order to analyze the relation between the variables an end-to-end linear regression model arranged by all years and countries is used; the panel data structures are not taken into account in the model (as we have to deal with pseudo panel data). In addition, in order to weaken prerequisites of parametric models, a non-parametric estimate is used. The calculations are made in the econometric package STATA IC 16. The source of the data on the suicide rate (total, men, women) at the ages of 15-74 is the European Detailed Mortality Database of the World Health Organization; the source of the data on time spent on the main daily activities of employees in the spheres of work, household and leisure activities and the level of employees’ occupation is Eurostat.Results. The analysis revealed that with the increase in time spent on TV and video the suicide rate increases for the employed men; and with the increase in time spent on housekeeping the suicide rate increases for the employed women. In addition, during working days employed men are expected to be at risk of suicide due to the time spent on work, related activities and travel to and from work; employed women remain at risk due to the time spent on housekeeping. The duration of TV and video watching and housekeeping is a referent of suicide risk factors – loneliness and retreat from the society. It has been established that a possible shift to a four-day working week with an increase in the working hours while maintaining weekly hours leads to the suicide rate increase. Conclusion. In order to reduce the suicide rate in European countries, it is necessary to have such an organization of labour, daily routine and leisure activities, which will allow male employees to reduce their working hours to a minimum of 7.4 hours and to displace watching TV and video on the periphery of the hierarchy of occupations, primarily on weekends, as well as to eradicate "kitchen slavery" among female employees. While evaluating the possible shift to a four-day working week, it is necessary to conduct more research on the impact of the number (ratio) of working days and full days off on the suicide rate.
The Fight against Human Viruses: How NMR Can Help?
Authors: Vincenzi Marian , Leone Marilisa 
Published: December 2020

Background:
COVID-19 has brought the world to its knees, and there is an urgent
need for new strategies to identify molecules capable of fighting the pandemic. During
the last few decades, NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy has emerged
as an intriguing structural biology instrument in the antiviral drug discovery field.

Objective:
The review highlights how a variety of NMR-based tools can be employed to
better understand viral machineries, develop anti-viral agents and set-up diagnostic and
therapeutic routes.

Methods:
Works summarized herein were searched through PubMed database and the Web.

Results:
The review focuses on a subset of human viruses that have been largely studied
through NMR techniques. Indeed, NMR solid- or solution-state methodologies allow to
gain structural information on viral proteins and viral genomes either in isolation or
bound to diverse binding partners. NMR data can be employed to set up structure-based
approaches to design efficient antiviral agents inhibiting crucial steps of viral life cycle.
In addition, NMR-based metabolomics analyses of biofluids from virus-infected patients
let identify metabolites biomarkers of the disease and follow changes in metabolic profiles
associated with antiviral therapy thus paving the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic
approaches.

Conclusion:
Considering the NMR-based work conducted on different viruses, we believe
that in the near future, much more NMR efforts will be devoted to discovering novel
anti SARS-CoV-2 agents.
OX40 and OX40L Interaction in Cancer
Authors: Lu Xinjie 
Published: December 2020

Background:
OX40 (CD134) and its binding partner, OX40L (CD252), are expressed
on activated CD4, CD8 T-cells, and several other lymphoid and non-lymphoid
cells. OX40L belongs to a TNF family member, a 34 kDa type II transmembrane protein.
The crystallized complex of human OX40 and OX40L is a trimeric contableuration of
one OX40L (trimer) and three OX40 monomers. OX40 and OX40L regulate cytokine
production from T-cells, antigen-presenting cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, and modulate
cytokine receptor signaling.

Methods :
In this review, an updated overview of the structural features of OX40/OX40L
and their interactions with cancer are provided.

Results:
Recent studies have shown that stimulation of OX40 is useful for therapeutic immunization
strategies for cancer. OX40 serves as a secondary costimulatory immune
checkpoint molecule; the binding of OX40 to its ligand enhances the augmentation, survival,
memory formation, effector function, and recall responses of both CD4+ and CD8+
T-cells.

Conclusion:
This review highlights that OX40-OX40L interactions play crucial roles in
both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Signals through OX40 can abolish the suppressive activity
of Tregs, prevent the induction of Tregs from effector T-cells, reduce Foxp3 expression,
and induce the proliferation of memory and effector T lymphocytes. Additionally, when
transferred into tumor-bearing recipients, they generate proliferation capability and successfully
eliminate the established tumor.
Molecular Docking and Pharmacoinformatics Studies Reveal Potential Phytochemicals Against HCV NS5B Polymerase
Authors: Khalid Hina , Ashfaq Usman Ali 
Published: December 2020

:
Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is one of the serious health issues affecting one-third of the world’s
population. The high variations of the HCV genome are ascribed to quick replication by NS5B Polymerase and are thus the
most attractive target for developing anti-HCV agents.
Objective: The current study aimed to discover novel phytochemicals that harbor the potential of NS5B polymerase
inhibition.
Method: In this computational study, a molecular docking approach was used to screen phytochemicals with the best
binding and spatial affinity with NS5B at the Palm I region. The top-ranked compounds were then subjected to in-silico
pharmacokinetic and toxicological study.
Results and Conclusion: The virtual screening provided seven ‘hit compounds’ including Betanin, 3,5'-
dihydroxythalifaboramine, Diarctigenin, 6'-desmethylthalifaboramine, Cephalotaxine, 5alpha-O-(3'-dimethylamino-3'-
phenylpropionyl) taxinine M and IsoTetrandrine with minimum binding score compared to the reference drug, Sofosbuvir
(−14.7 kcal/mol). The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) and thorough toxicological
analysis revealed a favorable and the safety profile of these compounds. The study would demonstrate the phytochemicals
identified might serve as potential antiviral compounds that can potentially an alternative approach for amelioration of HCV
Synthesis of Novel Hydrazones of Levofloxacin Related Molecule and
their In Vitro Evaluation as Antioxidant, and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Kashid Bharat B. , Kilbile Jaydeo T. , Wani Kishor D. , Pawar Suhas. M. , Khedkar Vijay M. , Ghanwat Anil A. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
The research work aims synthesis of novel series of hydrazones, antioxidant screening, evaluate the
binding affinities, and in silico methods for the identification of possible drug targets of synthesized compounds.

Methods:
This report briefly explains the synthesis of novel series of hydrazones was synthesized via. hydrazinolysis of
esters to obtain hydrazide, treated with aldehyde and acetophenone to get hydrazones. The spectral confirmed hydrazones
exhibited excellent to comparable anti-oxidant as compaired to the standard drugs Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and
Ascorbic acid. Molecular docking on myeloperoxidase (MPO) demonstrated the ability of this scaffold to correctly
recognize the target and engage in significant bonded and non-bonded interactions with key residues therein.

Results and Discussion:
In this study, we report an effectively synthesized compounds BK-35, BK-41, BK-26, BK-28 and
BK-39 showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activity. The docking results clearly showed the binding mode of
hydrazones into the active site of Myeloperoxidase (MPO). An in-silico results, no any of the synthesized compounds BK24 to BK-41 violated Lipinski’s rule of five (miLog P ≤ 5).

Conclusions:
In vitro preliminary antioxidant screening results in support by in Silico binding affinity data of novel
hydrazones of levofloxacin related molecules BK-24 to BK-41 reported here have emerged as excellent antioxidant agents.
The inference derived from the in vitro antioxidant screening data and the quantitative insights derived from the per-residue
interaction analysis with MPO enzyme, are now being fruitfully utilized for site specific mutation around the nucleus to
identify selective and potent antioxidants.
A Study on Ecotoxicological Effects of Nano-copper Oxide Particles to Portunus trituberculatus
Authors: Li Tiejun , Hu Hongmei , Yang Chenghu , Zhang Bo , Ma Limin 
Published: December 2020

Background:
As an important nano-material, nano-copper oxide particles (CuO-ENPs)
harbor a vast range of characteristics, including an electronic correlation effect, thermal stability,
catalytic activity, sterilization, and other properties. At present, the mechanism of ecotoxicological
effects of CuO-ENPs is unclear and has been inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to explore the ecotoxicological
effects of nano-copper oxide particles (CuO-ENPs) on Portunus trituberculatus.

Objective:
The crabs were exposed to seawater containing different concentrations of CuO-ENPs to
conduct the acute toxicity test and chronic accumulation test.

Methods:
Acute toxicity, metal accumulation, and SOD activity in different tissues were determined.

Results:
We found that the lethal concentration of 50% 96 h LC50 of CuO-ENPs to Portunus trituberculatus
belonged to low toxicity. The accumulation of CuO-ENPs in different tissues from high
to low was: gill > haemolymph > muscle > hepatopancreas > heart and stomach, and decreased
gradually with time after reaching the maximum.

Discussion:
Subsequently, it was in a relatively steady state after a certain period and showed an
obvious concentration effect. With the increment of exposure time and concentration of CuO-ENPs,
the SOD activities in different tissues were quite different. In conclusion, the 96 h LC50 of CuOENPs
to Portunus trituberculatus was 49 mg/L, and its toxicity belonged to low toxicity.

Conclusion:
With the increment of exposure time and concentration of CuO-ENPs, the SOD activities
in different tissues were quite different, which were increased remarkably in gill and hepatopancreas,
but were suppressed at an early stage of exposure in muscle and haemolymph.
Comparison of Postpartum Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Levels In Conventional and Physiological Delivery in Iran: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Oshvandi Khodayar , Masoumi Seyedeh Zahra , Shayan Arezoo , Oliaei Seyed Saleh , Mohammadi Afshin , Kazemi Farideh 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Despite the great importance of controlling and preventing postpartum
hemorrhage, no evidence has been provided to reduce postpartum hemorrhage physiologically compared
to conventional vaginal delivery. While it is claimed that physiological delivery can be better
than conventional delivery, in many ways, there is insufficient available information about the effect
of the delivery method on postpartum hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.

Objective:
The current study aimed to compare postpartum hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in conventional and
physiological delivery methods in Fatemieh Hospital of Hamedan.

Methods:
This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 400 pregnant women candidates for
physiological delivery and 400 pregnant women for conventional vaginal delivery in 2019. Mothers
in the physiological delivery group were provided with the necessary training. In the conventional
vaginal delivery group, the mother went through the usual procedures upon hospitalization. All
mothers' venous blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin and hematocrit levels at the time of
hospitalization and six hours after delivery. The significance level was considered at p = 0.05.

Results:
The outcomes indicated that by controlling the confounding variables, the mean of hemoglobin in the physiologic
delivery group was significantly higher than conventional vaginal delivery, 11.93 (1.20) and 11.64 (1.20) respectively (P
<0.001), but the Cohen's d value of 0.25 indicated a weak relationship between the mean of hemoglobin level six hours after
delivery and the type of delivery. The results also indicated that by controlling the effect of confounding variables, the mean of hematocrit in the physiological group was significantly more than conventional vaginal delivery (36.53 (3.33) and 35.50
(3.33) respectively) (p <0.001) but the Cohen's d value of 0.31 indicates a weak relationship between mean hematocrit 6
hours after delivery and the type of delivery.

Conclusions:
The results indicated that physiologic delivery did not show a valuable/considerable or the expected effect on
improving postpartum maternal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels comparing to conventional delivery.
Novel Salt-Assisted Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Technique for Environmental,
Food, and Biological Samples Analysis Applications: A Review
Authors: Pasupuleti Raghavendra Rao , Gurrani Swapnil , Tsai Pei-Chien , Ponnusamy Vinoth Kumar 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Sample preparation has gained significant recognition in the chemical analysis workflow. Substantial efforts have been made to simplify the comprehensive process of sample preparation that is focused on green sample preparation methodology, including the miniaturization of extraction method, elimination of the sample pre-treatment as well as the post-treatment steps, elimination of toxic as well as hazardous organic solvent consumption, reduction in sample volume requirements, reducing the extraction time, maximization of the extraction efficiency and possible automation.

Methods:
Among various microextraction processes, liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) is most abundantly used in the extraction of the target analytes. The salting-out phenomenon has been introduced into the LPME procedure and has been raised as a new technique called the ‘Salt-Assisted Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (SALLME)’. The principle is based on decreasing the solubility of less polar solvent or analyte with an increase in the concentration of the salt in aqueous solution leading to two-phase separation.

Conclusion:
SALLME is mainly based on the salting-out phase separation phenomenon. It is important
to optimize the SALLME experimental parameters, such as solvent volume, salt amount, and extraction
time, to achieve the maximum extraction capacity of the target analytes from the sample matrices.

Conclusion:
SALLME proved to be a simple, rapid, and cost-effective sample preparation technique
for the efficient extraction and preconcentration of organic and inorganic contaminants from
various sample matrices, including environmental, biological, and food samples. SALLME exhibits
higher extraction efficiency and recovery and is compatible with multiple analytical instruments. This
review provides an overview of developments in SALLME technique and its applications to date.
Evaluation of Thermodynamic and Optical Properties of Sixteen Ionic Liquids at Different Temperatures
Authors: Ramakant  , Shrivastava Subhash Chandra , Srivastava Shekhar , Pandey Jata Dhari 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
Based on the dimensional analysis, ρ -u- thermodynamic and ρ -uoptical
properties correlations have been applied to sixteen ionic liquids at different temperatures.
The objective of the present work is to employ these relations to ionic liquids. The
experimental values of ρ and u have been reported in the literature at different temperatures.
We have computed thermal expansivity (α), isothermal compressibility (βT), heat capacities
ratio (γ), internal pressure (Pint), pseudo-Grüneisen parameter (Г), the energy of vaporization
(ΔEV), enthalpy of vaporization (ΔHV), cohesive energy density (ced), solubility parameter
(δ), refractive index (n), molar refraction (RM) and polarisability (αp) for these liquids.

Method:
Correlations between density-sound velocity and several thermodynamic properties
have been derived on the basis of dimensional analysis On the basis of dimensional analysis,
a number of useful and important thermodynamic relations were deduced in terms of
density (ρ) and speed of sound (u).

Result:
Results were found to be quite satisfactory. Keeping in view = uncertainty in the
experimental values of ρ and u, as well as some approximations used, the agreement between
experimental and theoretical values was found to be quite satisfactory.

Discussion:
Density (ρ) and ultrasonic speed (u) data of sixteen RTILs at different temperatures
have been taken from the literature. Calculated values of α, βT, Pint, γ, CP-CV, and, Г
were obtained from empirical relations. The experimental values of α were given for making
a comparison.

Conclusion:
Based on the dimensional analysis, our recently developed correlations between
ρ-u- thermodynamic and ρ-u- optical properties have been found to be quite successful when
applied to sixteen ionic liquids for the first time. α, βT, γ, Pint, γEVap, ΔHVap, ced, δ as well as
RM and αp were calculated at various temperatures.
Gang Involvement, Mental Health Difficulties and Exposure to Violence in 11-16-Year-Old School Students
Authors: Naldrett Georgia A. , Wood Jane L 
Published: December 2020

Background and goals:
The current study investigated the relationship
between gang involvement and multiple mental health difficulties; anxiety,
depression, paranoia, victim trauma and perpetrator trauma. Additionally, it
examined the mediating influence of an individual’s exposure to violence within
this relationship.

Method:
One hundred adolescents aged 11-16 years old completed two
questionnaires and an interview which investigated their friendship groups,
exposure to violence and mental well-being. Eighteen participants were identified
as current or ex-gang members and the other eighty-two were classified as the nongang
comparison group.

Results:
Findings show that gang members displayed more symptoms of depression
and perpetrator trauma compared to non-gang members. The relationship between
gang involvement and these mental health difficulties was mediated by exposure to
violence.

Conclusions:
Discussion focuses on the need for researchers, practitioners and
policymakers to acknowledge the relationship between gang involvement and
mental health difficulties and implement additional strategies to support young
people currently or previously involved in gangs.