bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Laboratory Profile and Therapeutic Response of Scrub Typhus in Children in a Tertiary Care Centre in Nepal
Authors: Agrawal Sumit , Subedi Krishna Hari , Shah Rajesh Kumar , Jha Santoshanand , Pun Sher Bahadur 
Published: July 2020

Introduction Scrub typhus is the most common ricketisial infection from the Indian subcontinent. It is caused by the organism Orienta tsutsugamushi inhabiting in trombiculid mites and transmitied to humans by the bite of these mites. The disease has a variety of clinical manifestations in children. As this is a common disease in our country so a retrospective study was conducted to study the clinical and laboratory profile and therapeutic outcomes of scrub typhus in children.
Methodology A retrospective study was conducted at Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious disease Hospital, Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal after obtaining ethical clearance from Institutional Review Committee, and reviewing the medical records of serologically confirmed scrub typhus in children aged less than 14 years admitted to the hospital between March 2017 and February 2018. Relevant data were entered in excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS 20.
Result A total of 20 children were enrolled in the study. Of them 70% were female, with the mean age being 11.45 ± 3.1 years (range 3-14 years) and majority were from Dhading district (40%). All the children had fever; while there was cough, loss of appetite, rashes, headache, myalgia, arthralgia and hepatosplenomegaly in 45%, 90%, 20%, 55%, 35%, 35% and 30% of children respectively. There was thrombocytopenia in 50% of children; while hyponatremia, elevation of SGOT and SGPT was present in 30%, 70% and 55% of patients respectively. Azithromycin was used for treatment in 95% of children and all had defervescence of fever.
Conclusion Scrub typhus should be suspected in children having prolonged fever with organomegaly, thrombocytopenia and elevated transaminases. Azithromycin can be used effectively in children diagnosed as scrub typhus.
Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Pregnancies with Small for Gestational Age Fetus at BPKIHS
Authors: Shrestha Ramesh , Bhandari Sangeeta , Basnet Pritha , Manandhar Tara , Thapa Baburam Dixit , Shrestha Sapana , Kafle Shyam Prasad 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) is defined by a birth weight below the 10th percentile for mean weight corrected for gestational age. It is associated with adverse health events throughout life, including substantial perinatal morbidity and mortality rates.
Objectives: The aims of the study was to estimate the prevalence of the SGA newborns, attributable factors for SGA and perinatal outcomes of SGA.
Methodology: A hospital based prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women after 28 weeks' gestational age in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BPKIHS, Dharan from October, 2016 to June, 2017.A total of 150 study population was sampled using purposive sampling technique whose symphysio-fundal height lags the gestational age by four cms. The association for risk factors between the various socio-demographic parameters and SGA was analysed using chi-square test for categorical data and t-Test for continuous data with p value<0.05 considered as significant. The mothers and babies were followed up till discharge from the hospital for outcomes.
Result: There was a total of 140 SGA with 10 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses among 6,500 hospital deliveries above 28 weeks' gestation, hence the prevalence was 2.15%. The risk factors for very small for gestational age were history of birth of SGA fetus (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.15-1.35); history of recurrent pregnancy loss (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.15-1.35); personal history of substances abuse in the index pregnancy (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.47-1.92); adverse obstetrics or medical events in the index pregnancy (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.10-4.45); high blood pressure at admission (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.96- 2.59) and significant urinary proteinuria (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.00-5.09).SGA newborns correlated with increased risk of operative delivery and adverse perinatal outcomes, including oligohydramnios, low Apgar scores, resuscitation at birth, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit or nursery, metabolic complications and fetal death.
Conclusions: SGA have distinct modifiable risk factors and mortality patterns suggesting potential implications for public health and urgent need to intervene with effective interventions.
Compliance and Visual Outcome Of “Treat-And-Extend” Versus “Pro Re Nata”Dosing of Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration – A Perspective From a Developing Country
Authors: Joshi Kriti , KC Anadi Khatri , Rijal Roshija Khanal , Rai Salma KC , Lammichane Gyanendra , Yadav Roshan Dev 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Age- related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is the commonest cause of irreversible blindness and visual impairment in elderly, aged50 years or older contributing 8.7% of global blindness. Among the two types: “dry” and “wet”, the “wet” variant is treated using anti-VEGFs, mainly via two regimen – PRN or TREX.
Objective: To study and compare the compliance, cost and visual outcome of “Treat-and- Extend (TREX)”versus “Pro Re Nata(PRN)” dosing of intravitrealbevacizumab in Wet AMD.
Methodology: Sixty-four eyes of 64 patients with treatment naïve neovascular AMD were included and randomly divided into two groups, with each group comprising 32 eyes, by lottery system: “Group A [TREX]” and “Group B [PRN]”. Group A was treated with intravitrealbevacizumab [1.25mg/0.05ml] at presentation and at 1-month interval for 3 consecutive months [loading dose] and monthly till dry macula was obtained. Group B was treated with the same in “as needed” basis.Both Groups were followed up, for 1 year.
Results Mean gain in visual acuity in the PRN group was 0.09 +/- 0.35 log MAR unit and in TREX, it was 0.14 +/- 0.3 log MAR unit within the period of 1 year.64% of the patients were compliant in TREX and 36% moderately complaint whereas in the PRN group, 24% were compliant, 60% moderately compliant and 16% noncompliant. Average hospital cost in PRN and TREX was NRs. 16, 170 (USD 149) and 23,785(USD 220) respectively.
Conclusion: Compliance and visual outcome were better in TREX in comparison toPRN at 1 year of treatment with intravitrealbevacizumab for Wet AMD.
The “Blind Spot” of Plagiarism: A Study on Plagiarism in the Articles Submitted to Birat Journal of Health Sciences
Authors: Chhetri Prabin , Rimal Hem Sagar , Kafle Santosh Upadhyaya , Kafle Tara Kumari 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The word plagiarism, in literature, means stealing someone's works without acknowledging the author. It is an unavoidable fact that an article has to be original when it is presented for publication. Often it is seen that during the research works, authors put lot of effort in collecting the facts and figures for their article but they seem to have a blind spot when it comes to plagiarism. The detection of the plagiarism is a challenging and time consuming task for most of the journals.
Objectives: The objective of the study is to understand the level of plagiarism in the articles submitted in Birat Journal of Health Sciences.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on plagiarism by retrieving the data of articles submitted to Birat Journal of Health Sciences (BJHS), an official medical journal of Birat Medical College (BMC), from April 2017 to August 2018. Total 111 articles were examined through the iThenticate Software, a commercial Plagiarism Detection Tool (PDT) Version 2.0.8. Articles were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Result: It was found that 63 (56.75%) articles were found to be less than 20% plagiarized and 48 (43.22%) articles were found above the cut-off point (20% plagiarized) putting them in the category of plagiarized article.
Conclusion: It was found that the incidence of plagiarism in the articles submitted to BJHS was very common. It is also evident from the study that a commercial plagiarism detection tool (PDT) can be a very useful tool for detecting and preventing plagiarism in the articles. It was also noticeable to find that the articles of clinical consultants(who are not associated with academic institutions) had higher level of plagiarism in their articles in comparison to the academicians (who are associated with academic institutions).
Comparison of Arterial Blood Gas Analysis versus Central Laboratory Electrolyte and Hemoglobin Determination in Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital
Authors: Arjyal Batsalya , Rajbanshi Lalit Kumar , Khanal Kanak , Bajracharya Akriti 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Electrolyte and hemoglobin measurement are the integral part of management of critically ill patient. There can be a wide variation in the electrolyte and hemoglobin measurement in critically ill patient between arterial blood gas analyzer and central laboratory auto analyzer.
Objective: To compare the electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride) and hemoglobin level measured by arterial blood gas analyzer and laboratory analyzer.
Methodology: This was a prospective cross-sectional comparative study comparing the electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride) and hemoglobin measurement between arterial blood gas analyzer and laboratory auto analyzer. The study included 124 paired blood samples from the patient admitted in intensive care unit of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital in two months duration. The arterial sample and venous sample for electrolytes and hemoglobin measurement were taken simultaneously or not more than one hour apart and analysis was done by arterial blood gas analyzer and central laboratory auto analyzer accordingly. The values of electrolytes and hemoglobin measured by two different analyzers were finally compared for variation.
Result: The mean difference calculated for sodium potassium and chloride in ABG machine and Auto-analyzers were 0.57 mmol/l.-0.04mmol/l and 1.71mmol/l respectively. These data were within the acceptable range of United States Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments(USCLIA). The mean difference derived for hemoglobin in ABG and Auto-analyzers was 0.16g/dl which was not consistent with the range of United States Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (USCLIA)
Conclusion: The measurement of electrolyte namely sodium, potassium and chloride in ABG machines and Auto-analyzers of central lab were comparable while hemoglobin was not comparable under the USCLIA guidelines.
Tipologi Peran Stakeholder dalam Mendukung Reforestasi di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Mustafa Fatirahma , Marsoyo Agam 
Published: July 2020

Reforestasi merupakan upaya yang dilakukan untuk memperbaiki kondisi tutupan hutan. Tahun 2000, tutupan hutan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) hanya 17,42% dari luas wilayah DIY yang mencakup tutupan hutan negara dan hutan hak. Tahun 2016, tutupan hutan DIY telah mencapai 31,63% dari luas wilayah DIY. Keberhasilan reforestasi terjadi dalam waktu 16 tahun. Stakeholder yang terlibat memiliki peranan atas keberhasilan reforestasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan tipologi peran stakeholder. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian induktif kualitatif dengan strategi studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 5 (lima) tipologi peran stakeholder yaitu sebagai pembuat kebijakan, perencana, fasilitator, pelaksana, dan peneliti. Abstract: Reforestation is a kind of method in order to improve the condition of forest cover. In 2000, the total forest cover area in Yogyakarta Province is 17,42% of the total area of Yogyakarta Province which includes state forest cover and private forest. In 2016, the total of forest cover area in Yogyakarta Province is 31,63% of the total area of Yogyakarta Province. Stakeholders involved in various forms of involvement have a role in the success of reforestation. This study aims to find out the typology of the stakeholder role. The research method was using an inductive qualitative research method with a case study strategy. The results showed that typology roles of stakeholders areas policy creator, planner, facilitator, implementer, and researcher.
Efek Perubahan Dosis Radiasi Dan Kualitas Gambar Pada Hasil Radiograph Dengan Luas Kolimasi Berbeda
Authors: Ningrum Surdiyah Asri 
Published: July 2020

Background: The use of variations of collimation will provide a low dose to the patient and radiographic results that provide a good quality image. This research is to examine the effects of various collimation sizes on the image quality and radiation doses when using x-ray machine at Radiology laboratory of Al-Islam Polytechnic, Bandung. How much the change in density values that occur and to find out of scattering radiation received by the patient in the Radiology laboratory of Al-Islam Polytechnic, Bandung.Methods: This type of research is an experimental study with participatory observation data collection. at the Radiology Laboratory of the Al-Islam Polytechnic, Bandung The independent variable is variations of collimation, the dependent variables are quality image and doses radiation. Data collection was carried out by exposing a Stepwedge stored on a 35 x 35 cm radiographic cassette with different irradiation areas and pendose as a measure of radiation. Radiograph results were analyzed by a densitometer. Then the results will be analyzed using digraph to know the movement of each different irradiation field area.Results: The results showed that there were influences of changes in the variation of collimation. Density value and scattered radiation of each different irradiation field area produces are different values. The smaller area of the irradiation field. Is, the higher density value and low dose. Thus, to get the best density value and the low dose is required to reduce the width of the collimation field conducted.Conclusions: There was an influence variation of collimation on the quality of the image and dose to the patient.
Teknik 3D Conformal Radioterapi (3DCRT) Pada Keganasan Sinus Paranasal Dengan Modalitas Linac
Authors: Agustina Fitri , Ardiyanto Jeffri , Masrochah Siti 
Published: July 2020

Background: Radiotherapy is a radiation therapy action using ionizing radiation. To obtain the maximum dose of radiation in the tumour and the lowest possible dose on critical organs required a technique of radiation technique 3 Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3DCRT). Radiotherapy Unit Radiology Installation Dr Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta using 3DCRT technique. This research aims to know the radiotherapy procedure on paranasal sinus cancer using 3DCRT technique, to know the implementation of bolus beam modifier and dose optimization with the addition of electron radiation.Methods: The type of research in this thesis is qualitative research with case study approach. The research was conducted at Radiotherapy Unit Radiology Installation Dr Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta after published Ethical Clearance. Methods of data collection in this study are observation, interviews, and documentation.Result: The results of this study indicate that the radiotherapy procedure in paranasal sinus cancer using 3DCRT technique can produce a homogeneous dose distribution, the implementation of bolus beam modifier is capable of generating dosage homogeneity on uneven target surfaces, and the distribution of doses with electron radiation on the target in the surface area can be optimal.Conclusion: With these techniques, the goal of radiotherapy can be achieved is to give the maximum dose in the tumour and the minimum dose possible in healthy tissue located in the vicinity.
Penerapan Fahp Pada Pemilihan Metode Pelaksanan Erection Box Girder
Authors: Broto Agung Budi , Maulana Dul Azis Mei 
Published: July 2020

Many parties are involved in a construction project, so in deciding a method of implementing the box girder erection many criteria are taken into consideration. Consequently, decision making is not easy for decision makers. A simple, frequently-used, and popular method for decision making is Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) which is designed to overcome the problem of multi criteria decision making (MCDM) in the subjective assessment process. This study aims to obtain the correct method of implementing the box girder erection to be used. Based on previous research, the criteria for determining box girder erection method are the criteria for job risk, work quality, implementation time, implementation process, work safety, and work costs. The alternatives compared are the tandem crane method and the launching gantry method. The data in this study were collected through questionnaires distributed to the expert parties involved in Jakarta - Cikampek II Elevated Toll Road Project. F-AHP analysis is based on the weighting of quantitative criteria as a result of normalized calculations and qualitative criteria from the results of the respondents questionnaires which were then made pairwise comparisons assisted by Microsoft Excel software. The results of the analysis show that the occupational safety criteria are the most influential criteria with a weight of 0.454, then followed by job risk criteria (0.169), implementation time (0.119), work quality (0.114), implementation process (0.084), and work costs (0.061). The most appropriate method used in the work of the box girder erection at Jakarta - Cikampek II Elevated Toll Road Project is a launching gantry method with a value of 0.597, while the tandem crane method has a value of 0.403.
Impact of beel encroachment on aquatic biodiversity and vulnerability of poor fishermen in Noagaon District, Bangladesh
Authors: Salam MA , Rana KM Shakil , Rahman Md Touhidur 
Published: July 2020

Natural water bodies in Bangladesh are under threat of encroachment due to high population pressure, overexploitation, change of watercourses, and siltation. Therefore, the present study carried out to assess the degree of encroachment of floodplains and its impact on fish biodiversity and the livelihoods of the neighboring fishing communities. The study covered three beels of Naogaon district through remote sensing image interpretation and PRA techniques. The study used three dates remote sensing images and field data which supplemented with the secondary data from diverse origins. Data collected through the recalling method, personal interview with a structured questionnaire and livelihood analysis of fishermen and non-fishermen group living around the beels. The data interpretation showed the water area reduced by 80% from 1981 to 2016 in dry season that converted to boro rice cultivation gradually over time. The type of fishing gears and their use also changed radically over time in all the three beels. The fish catch increased steadily from 1981 and reached its peak in 1996, and then started to fall and continued up to 2016 in all the three beels. The study identified thirty species of SIS and SRS in 1981 that were gradually reduced to 6, 8 and 9 in Digholi, Fatepur and Pakuria beels respectively in 2016. Fish biodiversity reduced as fish-friendly large mesh cotton net replaced by the smaller mesh jagotber jal and monofilament synthetic current jal. Moreover, the annual income of the fishermen family was lower than non- fishermen family in beels areas. The current study clearly identified significant encroachment of floodplains area by agricultural activities between 1981 and 2016 and aquatic biodiversity reduced dramatically and the livelihoods of poor fishermen became vulnerable.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 244-254
Implication of some biochemical parameters on normal cyclic and repeat breeding process in Bangladeshi dairy cows
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Azizur , Sadat Anowar Us , Uddin Forhad , Alam Morshed , Habib Ahsan 
Published: July 2020

Repeat breeding is one the most common reproductive disorders that hinders favorable productivity in domestic animals. Repeat breeding in dairy cows not only affects the fertility of the cattle to a considerable extent but also incurs great economic loss to the farmer. Biochemical profile can indicate the nutritional status and help in diagnosis and management of infertility in animals. Present study explores the implication of some biochemical parameters (total protein, bilirubin and some macro minerals as calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium) on normal cyclic breeding process of Bangladeshi dairy cows. Current observation indicates that the lower calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium concentrations might be associated with the ovulatory disturbances in repeat breeder cows. On the other hand, total protein and bilirubin do not play a significant role in causing repeat breeding problem in those cows. Thus, this study provides supportive evidence about the importance of calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium in the resumption of repeat breeding condition.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 305-310
Study on anatomy and postnatal development of sublingual salivary glands in Black Bengal goat
Authors: Rauf Shah Md Abdur 
Published: July 2020

There are three pairs of salivary glands in Black Bengal goat namely parotid, mandibular and sublingual salivary gland. Information regarding the sublingual salivary gland is very limited and confined in adult goat only, no reports available concerning the postnatal development of the goat sublingual gland to date. Present study is carried out to fill up the gap of information regarding this gland. In day old kid the sublingual gland is measured 2.5 ± 0.30 cm in length, 0.25 ± 0.08 cm in breadth, 0.15 ± 0.01 cm in thickness and 0.09 ±0.01 g in weight which became little more than double in each parameter in adult. The main sublingual duct is formed by the union of 5-7 radicles from monostomatic part of the gland and opened at sublingual caruncle. 26-30 small tortuous ducts arise from the polystomatic part and opened independently in a row of microscopic orifices of the sublingual fold. Gradual histological development shows the glandular units composed of tubule-alveolar acini which are mostly mucous in type. The mucous acini composed of pyramidal shape cells resting on a basement membrane. In day old kid, the acini have distinct lumen. The cells contain rounded nuclei at their basal part and lack of zymogenic granules indicating less functional state of the glands. Along the advancement of age the size of lobes and lobules are increased, the lumens of the mucous acini reduced in size, nuclei of the cells became flattened the zymogenic granules increased gradually. Mixed acini are more than the serous acini where a serous demilune is attached on a mucous acinus. The serous acini were less in number.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 328-333