bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Geologic Constraints on the Timing of Late Holocene Ice Thickening in the Amundsen Sea Embayment, Antarctica
Authors: Nichols Keir A. , Adams Jonathan R. , Brown Katie , Creel Roger C. , McKenzie Marion A. , Venturelli Ryan A. , Johnson Joanne S. , Rood Dylan H. , Wilcken Klaus , Woodward John , Roberts Stephen J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConstraining past West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) change helps validate numerical models simulating future ice sheet dynamics. Following rapid deglaciation during the mid‐Holocene, ice near Thwaites Glacier was ∼35 m thinner than present; however, the timing of ice regrowth to its present configuration remains unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, we present cosmogenic nuclide exposure ages of cobbles from the surface of a moraine situated between Thwaites and Pope glaciers. We infer that the moraine formed and stabilized in the Late Holocene (∼1.4 ka) when a small glacier thickened. We also present a novel reconstruction of WAIS volume constrained by sea‐level data, which demonstrates that moraine formation coincided with a large‐scale WAIS readvance. Our new geologic constraints will help inform models of the solid Earth response to surface mass loading, improving our understanding of ice sheet dynamics in a vulnerable part of WAIS.
Recent Wintertime Cooling in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere of the Arctic
Authors: Zhu Jintao , Wang Wuke , Hong Jin , Wu Luzhen , Shangguan Ming , Zhao Shuyun , Deng Qimin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs Arctic surface temperatures exhibit amplified warming, a warming center in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) is also notable, which potentially plays a crucial role in polar‐to‐mid‐latitude interactions. While the surface warming has accelerated recently, UTLS temperatures, however, have declined since 2001, as demonstrated by multiple reanalysis data sets. This shift in trends provides a unique opportunity to understand the factors influencing Arctic UTLS temperature changes. Further analysis indicates that the descending component of the Brewer‐Dobson (BD) circulation over the Arctic was strengthened before 2000 but weakened thereafter. Simultaneously, Arctic lower stratospheric water vapor showed a decreasing trend before 2000, followed by an increasing trend. The weakening of the BD circulation led to reduced dynamical heating, and the increased water vapor resulted in enhanced radiative cooling, which together contributed to the cooling of the Arctic UTLS after 2000.
Statistical Relationship Between Electron Flux and Resonant Chorus Wave Power Near the Flux Limit
Authors: Saint‐Girons Emile , Zhang Xiao‐Jia , Mourenas Didier , Artemyev Anton V. , Angelopoulos Vassilis 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectron precipitation by chorus whistler‐mode waves generated by the same electron population is expected to play an important role in the dynamics of the outer radiation belt, potentially setting a hard upper limit on trapped energetic electron fluxes. Here, we statistically analyze the relationship between equatorial electron fluxes and the power of mid‐latitude cyclotron‐resonant chorus waves precipitating these electrons, both inferred from ELFIN low‐altitude energy and pitch‐angle resolved electron flux measurements in 2020–2022. We provide clear evidence of a flux limitation coinciding with an exponential increase of precipitation. We statistically demonstrate that the actual inferred resonant wave power gains are well correlated with theoretical linear gains, as in the classical Kennel‐Petschek model, for moderately high linear gains and high fluxes. However, we also find a finite occurrence of very high fluxes, corresponding to resonant waves of moderate average amplitude, implying a softer, more dynamical upper limit than traditionally envisioned.
Acute dose-dependent effects and self-guided titration of continuous N,N-dimethyltryptamine infusions in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy participants
Authors: Erne Livio , Vogt Severin B. , Müller Lorenz , Nuraj Albiona , Becker Anna , Klaiber Aaron , Zuparic Melani , Varghese Nimmy , Eckert Anne , Rudin Deborah , Luethi Dino , Liechti Matthias E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractN,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a serotonergic psychedelic that is known for its short-lasting effects when administered intravenously. Several studies have investigated the administration of intravenous boluses or combinations of a bolus and a subsequent continuous infusion. However, data on dose-dependent acute effects and pharmacokinetics of continuous DMT infusions are lacking. We used a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design in 22 healthy participants (11 women, 11 men) who received placebo and DMT (0.6, 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 mg/min) over an infusion duration of 120 min. We also tested a self-guided titration scheme that allowed participants to adjust the DMT dose rate at prespecified time points to achieve their desired level of subjective effects. Outcome measures included subjective effects, autonomic effects, adverse effects, plasma hormone concentrations, and pharmacokinetics up to 3 h after starting the infusion. DMT infusions exhibited dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and rapidly induced dose-dependent subjective effects that reached a plateau after 30 min. A ceiling effect was observed for “good drug effect” at 1.8 mg/min. The 2.4 mg/min dose of DMT induced greater anxious ego dissolution than the 1.8 mg/min dose and induced significant anxiety compared with placebo. We observed moderate acute tolerance to acute effects of DMT. In the self-guided titration session, the participants opted for moderate to strong psychedelic effects, comparable in intensity to the 1.8 mg/min DMT dose rate in the randomized dosing sessions. These results may assist with dose finding for future DMT research and demonstrate that acute subjective effects of DMT can be rapidly adjusted through dose titration.
Deptor protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the mTOR signaling and autophagy
Authors: Duan Qunjun , Yang Weijun , Zhu Xian , Feng Zhanzeng , Song Jiangwei , Xu Xiaobin , Kong Minjian , Mao Jiayan , Shen Jian , Deng Yuqin , Tao Rujia , Xu Hongfei , Chen Wei , Li Weidong , Dong Aiqiang , Han Jie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDeptor knockout mice were constructed by crossing Deptor Floxp3 mice with myh6 Cre mice, establishing a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model. Deptor knockout mice exhibited significantly increased myocardial infarction size and increased myocardial apoptosis in vivo. ELISA analysis indicated that the expression of CK-MB, LDH, and CtnT/I was significantly higher in the Deptor knockout mice. Deptor siRNA significantly reduced cell activity and increased myocardial apoptosis after I/R-induced in vitro. Deptor siRNA also significantly up-regulated the expression of p-mTOR, p-4EBP1, and p62, and down-regulated the expression of LC3 after I/R induction. Immunofluorescence indicated that LC3 dual fluorescence was weakened by Deptor knockout, and was enhanced after transfection with Deptor-overexpression plasmids. Treatment with OSI027, a co-inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2, in either Deptor knockout mice or Deptor knockout H9C2 cells, resulted in a significant reduction in infarction size and apoptotic cardiomyocytes. ELISA analysis also showed that the expression of CK-MB, LDH, and CtnT/I were significantly down-regulated by treatment with OSI027. CCK-8 cell viability indicated that cell viability was enhanced, and the number of apoptotic cells was decreased in vitro following treatment with OSI027. These results revealed that OSI027 exerts a protective effect on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in both an in vivo and in an in vitro model of I/R. These findings demonstrate that Deptor protects against I/R-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting the mTOR pathway and by increasing autophagy.
Machine learning analysis of sex and menopausal differences in the gut microbiome in the HELIUS study
Authors: Vriend Esther M. C. , Galenkamp Henrike , Herrema Hilde , Nieuwdorp Max , van den Born Bert-Jan H. , Verhaar Barbara J. H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSex differences in the gut microbiome have been examined previously, but results are inconsistent, often due to small sample sizes. We investigated sex and menopausal differences in the gut microbiome in a large multi-ethnic population cohort study, including 5166 participants. Using machine learning models, we revealed modest associations between sex and menopausal status, and gut microbiota composition (AUC 0.61–0.63). After adjustments for age, cardiovascular risk factors, and diet, a part of the associations of the highest-ranked gut microbes with sex were attenuated, but most associations remained significant. In contrast, most associations with menopausal status were driven by age and lost significance after adjustment. Using pathway analyses on metagenomic data, we identified sex differences in vitamin B6 synthesis and stachyose degradation pathways. Since some of sex differences in gut microbiome composition and function could not be explained by covariates, we recommend sex stratification in future microbiome studies.
The ab initio non-crystalline structure database: empowering machine learning to decode diffusivity
Authors: Zheng Hui , Sivonxay Eric , Christensen Rasmus , Gallant Max , Luo Ziyao , McDermott Matthew , Huck Patrick , Smedskjær Morten M. , Persson Kristin A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNon-crystalline materials exhibit unique properties that make them suitable for various applications in science and technology, ranging from optical and electronic devices and solid-state batteries to protective coatings. However, data-driven exploration and design of non-crystalline materials is hampered by the absence of a comprehensive database covering a broad chemical space. In this work, we present the largest computed non-crystalline structure database to date, generated from systematic and accurate ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations. We also show how the database can be used in simple machine-learning models to connect properties to composition and structure, here specifically targeting ionic conductivity. These models predict the Li-ion diffusivity with speed and accuracy, offering a cost-effective alternative to expensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Furthermore, the process of computational quenching non-crystalline structures provides a unique sampling of out-of-equilibrium structures, energies, and force landscape, and we anticipate that the corresponding trajectories will inform future work in universal machine learning potentials, impacting design beyond that of non-crystalline materials. In addition, combining diffusion trajectories from our dataset with models that predict liquidus viscosity and melting temperature could be utilized to develop models for predicting glass-forming ability.
A prospective comparison of two computer aided detection systems with different false positive rates in colonoscopy
Authors: Chung Goh Eun , Lee Jooyoung , Lim Seon Hee , Kang Hae Yeon , Kim Jung , Song Ji Hyun , Yang Sun Young , Choi Ji Min , Seo Ji Yeon , Bae Jung Ho 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated the impact of differing false positive (FP) rates in two computer-aided detection (CADe) systems on the clinical effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted colonoscopy. The primary outcomes were adenoma detection rate (ADR) and adenomas per colonoscopy (APC). The ADR in the control, system A (3.2% FP rate), and system B (0.6% FP rate) groups were 44.3%, 43.4%, and 50.4%, respectively, with system B showing a significantly higher ADR than the control group. The APC for the control, A, and B groups were 0.75, 0.83, and 0.90, respectively, with system B also showing a higher APC than the control. The non-true lesion resection rates were 23.8%, 29.2%, and 21.3%, with system B having the lowest. The system with lower FP rates demonstrated improved ADR and APC without increasing the resection of non-neoplastic lesions. These findings suggest that higher FP rates negatively affect the clinical performance of AI-assisted colonoscopy.
Suppressing unknown disturbances to dynamical systems using machine learning
Authors: Restrepo Juan G. , Byers Clayton P. , Skardal Per Sebastian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIdentifying and suppressing unknown disturbances to dynamical systems is a problem with applications in many different fields. Here we present a model-free method to identify and suppress an unknown disturbance to an unknown system based only on previous observations of the system under the influence of a known forcing function. We find that, under very mild restrictions on the training function, our method is able to robustly identify and suppress a large class of unknown disturbances. We illustrate our scheme with the identification of both deterministic and stochastic unknown disturbances to an analog electric chaotic circuit and with numerical examples where a chaotic disturbance to various chaotic dynamical systems is identified and suppressed.
Achieving dynamic stability and electromechanical resilience for ultra-flexible battery technology
Authors: Riley Sam , Shevchuk Andrew , George Chandramohan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDespite the huge potential of mechanically flexible batteries in healthcare, robotics, transportation and sensing, their development towards real-world applications is stalled due to issues such as capacity decay, limited energy/power density at any given pliability, compromised safety and poor packaging. These issues originate from design flaws, electromechanical degradation and underdeveloped characterisation of composite electrodes, lacking direct correlations between mechanical flexibility and electrochemical performance. Here, we review the state-of-the-art advances in Li-based flexible electrodes, cell architectures and materials and discuss the correlations between electrode microstructure, electrochemical trends, mechanical pliability and safety, emphasising the need for improved metrology and standardisation quantifying electromechanical resiliency.
Protein stabilization in spray drying and solid-state storage by using a ‘molecular lock’ – exploiting bacterial adaptations for industrial applications
Authors: Brytan Wiktoria , Soulimane Tewfik , Padrela Luis 
Published: December 2024

The presence of a C-terminal extension in a thermophilic aldehyde dehydrogenase protein is found to act like a ‘molecular lock’ to the oligomeric state of the tetramer upon spray drying, increasing activity retention without the use of excipients.
Ecological Validity of Self-Perceived Voice Quality and Acoustic Measures During Voice Assessments: An Observational Study on Faculty Teachers
Authors: Rodríguez Daniel , Guzman Marco , Brito Pedro , Llorens Roberto 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
This study investigated the ecological validity of conventional voice assessments by comparing the self-perceived voice quality and acoustic characteristics of voice production during these assessments to those in a simulated environment with varying distracting conditions and noise levels.

Method:
Forty-two university professors (26 women) participated in the study, where they were asked to produce loud connected speech by reading a 100-word text under four different conditions: a conventional assessment and three virtual classroom simulations created with 360° videos, each with different noise levels, played through a virtual reality headset and headphones. The first video depicted students paying attention in class (40 dB classroom noise); the second showed some students talking, generating moderate conversational noise (60 dB); and the third depicted students talking loudly and not paying attention (70 dB). The entire experiment was conducted in a sound-treated room, and the voice of each participant was recorded for acoustic analysis. In each condition, self-perception of voice quality (vocal effort and vocal ease), SPL, fundamental frequency, long-term average spectrum (L1-L0 ratio, alpha ratio, and the 1/5–5/8 ratio), and smooth cepstral peak prominence were measured.

Results:
Visual distraction and noise level significantly impacted both subjective and acoustic measures of voice production, as shown by numerous statistically significant differences across almost all conditions and variables examined. Specifically, all measures increased with higher levels of distraction and noise, except for the 1/5–5/8 ratio, which showed a decreasing trend.

Conclusion:
These findings indicate that visual distraction and noise level significantly influence self-perceived and acoustic vocal characteristics and suggest that conventional assessments, typically conducted in silence and without visual distractors, may not accurately represent real-world performance, thus limiting their ecological validity.
Subsequent commutation failure suppression strategy of hybrid cascaded HVDC system based on coordinated control of CEC and VDCOL
Authors: Wang He , Zhang Daqian , Bian Jing , Guo Jiazhi , Li Shiqiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe inverter side of hybrid cascaded HVDC adopts the structure of Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) in series with Line Commutated Converter (LCC). The complete system amalgamates the advantages of LCC with MMC, but it also makes the interaction process of multi‐controller more complicated during the failure of the system. Therefore, through the analysis of the controller interaction process during the system fault, this paper proposes a multi‐controller coordinated control strategy based on the inverter side of the hybrid cascaded HVDC system, which can suppress the subsequent commutation failure of the system and take into account the recovery characteristics of the system during the fault, which has certain practical application value. Initially, the operational properties of current error control (CEC) and voltage‐dependent current limit control (VDCOL) are examined, and a coordinated control technique for subsequent commutation failure suppression and rapid power recovery during fault is proposed. Secondly, aiming at the problem of power return between MMC after VDCOL regulation, the new VDCOL control curve is coordinated to improve the MMC control strategy to ensure stable recovery during system failure. Finally, the simulation model is built in PSCAD/EMTDC simulation environment. The simulation results indicate that the proposed control technique can successfully achieve the synchronisation of commutation failure suppression and rapid, stable power restoration, thereby enhancing the operational performance of hybrid cascaded HVDC.
Turbulent pressure support in galaxy clusters
Authors: Groth Frederick , Valentini Milena , Steinwandel Ulrich P. , Vallés-Pérez David , Dolag Klaus 
Published: December 2024

Context. The amount of turbulent pressure in galaxy clusters is still debated, especially in relation to the impact of the dynamical state and the hydro-method used for simulations.
Aims. We study the turbulent pressure fraction in the intracluster medium of massive galaxy clusters. We aim to understand the impact of the hydrodynamical scheme, analysis method, and dynamical state on the final properties of galaxy clusters from cosmological simulations.
Methods. We performed non-radiative simulations of a set of zoom-in regions of seven galaxy clusters with meshless finite mass (MFM) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). We used three different analysis methods based on: (i) the deviation from hydrostatic equilibrium, (ii) the solenoidal velocity component obtained by a Helmholtz-Hodge decomposition, and (iii) the small-scale velocity obtained through a multi-scale filtering approach. We split the sample of simulated clusters into active and relaxed clusters.
Results. Our simulations predict an increased turbulent pressure fraction for active clusters compared to relaxed ones. This is especially visible for the velocity-based methods. For these, we also find increased turbulence for the MFM simulations compared to SPH, consistent with findings from more idealized simulations. The predicted nonthermal pressure fraction varies between a few percent for relaxed clusters and ≈13% for active ones within the cluster center and increases toward the outskirts. No clear trend with redshift is visible.
Conclusions. Our analysis quantitatively assesses the importance played by the hydrodynamical scheme and the analysis method to determine the nonthermal or turbulent pressure fraction. While our setup is relatively simple (non-radiative runs), our simulations show agreement with previous, more idealized simulations, and represent a step closer to an understanding of turbulence.
Arthroscopic Bone Grafting in Bilateral Proximal Pole Scaphoid Fracture Nonunion: An Illustrated Description
Authors: Ganesan Dinesh Naidu , Janak Parmar , Choudhury Muntasir Mannan , Jiang Jackson 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction We are presenting a case with bilateral scaphoid proximal nonunion which was treated by arthroscopic bone grafting and fixation, done concurrently at the same setting by two wrist surgeons adept in wrist arthroscopy. Our report describes the set up for the operation and the technique involved in arthroscopic bone grafting of proximal pole scaphoid nonunions.
Methods An 18-year-old male presented to the clinic with bilateral longstanding wrist pain. Imaging of both hands revealed a nonunited proximal pole scaphoid fracture with some signs of ischemia in the scaphoid bones of both hands. The patient underwent successful bilateral arthroscopic bone grafting and fixation. Supplemental video illustrations of operative procedure have been attached.
Results Computed tomography performed 3 months postoperatively showed incomplete osseous bridging indicating fracture healing. Post-implant removal at 6 months, the patient had full pain-free range of motion. Radiograph showed fracture healing. Visual analog scale and Mayo Wrist Score were used to objectively quantify patient outcomes and showed improvement.
Discussion Arthroscopic surgery is a viable alternative to open techniques and offers several advantages including smaller incisions, cosmetically favorable scars, reduced soft tissue injury, and reduced postoperative pain. It can be even more challenging if the presentation is bilateral. To reduce operative time and postoperative recovery, both scaphoids can be operated upon in the same setting. This requires a favorable operative setup and the presence of two wrist surgeons skilled in wrist arthroscopy.
Conclusion This case highlights the setup and the successful use of arthroscopic bone grafting and fixation to treat bilateral proximal pole scaphoid fracture nonunions where some surgeons would have opted for open techniques, staged procedures, or even doing consecutive procedures increasing the operative time and at times the total recovery time. The arthroscopic approach provides a promising alternative to open surgical techniques, which may be worth its learning curve. It also illustrates the approach to surgery in case of bilateral presentations.