bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of the translation recovery factor Trf from Sulfolobus solfataricus
Authors: Kaiser Marco , Wurm Jan Philip , Märtens Birgit , Bläsi Udo , Pogoryelov Denys , Wöhnert Jens 
Published: December 2019

During translation initiation, the heterotrimeric archaeal translation initiation factor 2 (aIF2) recruits the initiator tRNAi to the small ribosomal subunit. In the stationary growth phase and/or during nutrient stress, Sulfolobus solfataricus aIF2 has a second function: It protects leaderless mRNAs against degradation by binding to their 5′‐ends. The S. solfataricus protein Sso2509 is a translation recovery factor (Trf) that interacts with aIF2 and is responsible for the release of aIF2 from bound mRNAs, thereby enabling translation re‐initiation. It is a member of the domain of unknown function 35 (DUF35) protein family and is conserved in Sulfolobales as well as in other archaea. Here, we present the X‐ray structure of S. solfataricus Trf solved to a resolution of 1.65 Å. Trf is composed of an N‐terminal rubredoxin‐like domain containing a bound zinc ion and a C‐terminal oligosaccharide/oligonucleotide binding fold domain. The Trf structure reveals putative mRNA binding sites in both domains. Surprisingly, the Trf protein is structurally but not sequentially very similar to proteins linked to acyl‐CoA utilization—for example, the Sso2064 protein from S. solfataricus—as well as to scaffold proteins found in the acetoacetyl‐CoA thiolase/high‐mobility group‐CoA synthase complex of the archaeon Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus and in a steroid side‐chain‐cleaving aldolase complex from the bacterium Thermomonospora curvata. This suggests that members of the DUF35 protein family are able to act as scaffolding and binding proteins in a wide variety of biological processes.
Considerations and Caveats in Combating ESKAPE Pathogens against Nosocomial Infections
Authors: Ma Yu‐Xuan , Wang Chen‐Yu , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Li Jing , Wan Qian‐Qian , Chen Ji‐Hua , Tay Franklin R. , Niu Li‐Na 
Published: December 2019

AbstractESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) are among the most common opportunistic pathogens in nosocomial infections. ESKAPE pathogens distinguish themselves from normal ones by developing a high level of antibiotic resistance that involves multiple mechanisms. Contemporary therapeutic strategies which are potential options in combating ESKAPE bacteria need further investigation. Herein, a broad overview of the antimicrobial research on ESKAPE pathogens over the past five years is provided with prospective clinical applications.
Asymmetric Oxygen Vacancies: the Intrinsic Redox Active Sites in Metal Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Yu Kai , Lou Lan‐Lan , Liu Shuangxi , Zhou Wuzong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo identify the intrinsic active sites in oxides or oxide supported catalysts is a research frontier in the fields of heterogeneous catalysis and material science. In particular, the role of oxygen vacancies on the redox properties of oxide catalysts is still not fully understood. Herein, some relevant research dealing with M1–O–M2 or M1–□–M2 linkages as active sites in mixed oxides, in oxide supported single‐atom catalysts, and at metal/oxide interfaces of oxide supported nanometal catalysts for various reaction systems is reviewed. It is found that the catalytic activity of these oxides not only depends on the amounts of oxygen vacancies and metastable cations but also shows a significant influence from the local environment of the active sites, in particular, the symmetry of the oxygen vacancies. Based on the recent progress in the relevant fields, an “asymmetric oxygen vacancy site” is introduced, which indicates an oxygen vacancy with an asymmetric coordination of cations, making oxygen “easy come, easy go,” i.e., more reactive in redox reactions. The establishment of this new mechanism would shed light on the future investigation of the intrinsic active sites in oxide and oxide supported catalysts.
Ionically Conductive Pastes as Conformable Collector for Transparent, Nonplanar Triboelectric Devices
Authors: Chen Xia‐Chao , Sun Peiru , Sun Tianyu , Yu Zhenwei , Chen Fengxiang , Chen Yong , Liu Hongliang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs an alternative to opaque electronic conductors, ionic conductors have been recently adopted to construct flexible, transparent devices. When integrated into devices, however, liquid ionic conductors can easily leak while it is difficult to shape solid ones to accommodate three‐dimensional (3D) surfaces. A paste‐like ionic conductor is fabricated by mixing an amorphous fluoropolymer with 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The low surface electrostatic potential of [NTf2]− makes the latter compatible with the polymer, forming a transparent ionic conductor without obvious phase separation. This ionic conductor displays a unique viscoelastic behavior, which combines solid‐like elasticity and liquid‐like plasticity at different time scales. Therefore, it exhibits a series of favorable mechanical properties, including large stretchability and self‐healing capability, and demonstrates a remarkable ability to transfer onto arbitrary surfaces and comply with the locomotion of substrates. To demonstrate its practical applications, this paste‐like ionic conductor is reconfigured on a plastic tube to develop a transparent triboelectric device, which is capable of detecting the sliding of water droplets and providing visual information of inside.
Layer‐Dependent Optoelectronic Properties of 2D van der Waals SnS Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Wang Weihao , Zhang Tao , Seliverstov Aleksandr , Zhang Huihui , Wang Yichen , Wang Fengzhi , Peng Xiaoli , Lu Qiaoqi , Qin Chao , Pan Xinhua , Zeng Yu‐Jia , Van Haesendonck Chris , Ye Zhizhen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLayered metal monochalcogenides have attracted significant interest in the 2D family since they show different unique properties from their bulk counterparts. The comprehensive synthesis, characterization, and optoelectrical applications of 2D‐layered tin monosulfide (SnS) grown by pulsed laser deposition are reported. Few‐layer SnS‐based field‐effect transistors (FETs) and photodetectors are fabricated on Si/SiO2 substrates. The premium 2D SnS FETs yield an on/off ratio of 3.41 × 106, a subthreshold swing of 180 mV dec−1, and a field effect mobility (µFE) of 1.48 cm2 V−1 s−1 in a 14‐monolayer SnS device. The layered SnS photodetectors show a broad photoresponse from ultraviolet to near‐infrared (365–820 nm). In addition, the SnS phototransistors present an improved detectivity of 9.78 × 1010 cm2 Hz1/2 W−1 and rapid response constants of 60 ms for grow‐time constant τg and 10 ms for decay‐time constant τd under extremely weak 365 nm illumination. This study sheds light on layer‐dependent optoelectronic properties of 2D SnS that promise to be important in next‐generation 2D optoelectronic devices.
Activation of Ni Particles into Single Ni–N Atoms for Efficient Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
Authors: Fan Qun , Hou Pengfei , Choi Changhyeok , Wu Tai‐Sing , Hong Song , Li Fang , Soo Yun‐Liang , Kang Peng , Jung Yousung , Sun Zhenyu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to fuels and value‐added industrial chemicals is a promising strategy for keeping a healthy balance between energy supply and net carbon emissions. Here, the facile transformation of residual Ni particle catalysts in carbon nanotubes into thermally stable single Ni atoms with a possible NiN3 moiety is reported, surrounded with a porous N‐doped carbon sheath through a one‐step nanoconfined pyrolysis strategy. These structural changes are confirmed by X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The dispersed Ni single atoms facilitate highly efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction at low overpotentials to yield CO, providing a CO faradaic efficiency exceeding 90%, turnover frequency approaching 12 000 h−1, and metal mass activity reaching about 10 600 mA mg−1, outperforming current state‐of‐the‐art single atom catalysts for CO2 reduction to CO. DFT calculations suggest that the Ni@N3 (pyrrolic) site favors *COOH formation with lower free energy than Ni@N4, in addition to exothermic CO desorption, hence enhancing electrocatalytic CO2 conversion. This finding provides a simple, scalable, and promising route for the preparation of low‐cost, abundant, and highly active single atom catalysts, benefiting future practical CO2 electrolysis.
Multilamellar LipoCEST Agents Obtained from Osmotic Shrinkage of Paramagnetically Loaded Giant Unilamellar Vescicles (GUVs)
Authors: Tripepi Martina , Ferrauto Giuseppe , Bennardi Paolo Oronzo , Aime Silvio , Delli Castelli Daniela 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMoving from nano‐ to micro‐systems may not just be a matter of scale, but it might imply changes in the properties of the systems that can open new routes for the development of efficient MRI contrast agents. This is the case reported in the present paper, where giant liposomes (giant unilamellar vesicles, GUVs) loaded with LnIII complexes have been studied as chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI contrast agents. The comparison between nanosized liposomes (small unilamellar vesicles, SUVs) and GUVs sharing the same formulation led to differences that could not be accounted for only in terms of the increase in size (from 100–150 nm to 1–2 μm). Upon osmotic shrinkage, GUVs yielded a saturation‐transfer effect three order of magnitude higher than SUVs consistent with the increase in vesicles volume. Confocal microscopy showed that the shrinkage of GUVs resulted in multilamellar particles whereas SUVs are known to yield asymmetrical, discoidal shape.
Crucial Roles of Two Hydrated Mg2+ Ions in Reaction Catalysis of the Pistol Ribozyme
Authors: Teplova Marianna , Falschlunger Christoph , Krasheninina Olga , Egger Michaela , Ren Aiming , Patel Dinshaw J. , Micura Ronald 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPistol ribozymes constitute a new class of small self‐cleaving RNAs. Crystal structures have been solved, providing three‐dimensional snapshots along the reaction coordinate of pistol phosphodiester cleavage, corresponding to the pre‐catalytic state, a vanadate mimic of the transition state, and the product. The results led to the proposed underlying chemical mechanism. Importantly, a hydrated Mg2+ ion remains innersphere‐coordinated to N7 of G33 in all three states, and is consistent with its likely role as acid in general acid base catalysis (δ and β catalysis). Strikingly, the new structures shed light on a second hydrated Mg2+ ion that approaches the scissile phosphate from its binding site in the pre‐cleavage state to reach out for water‐mediated hydrogen bonding in the cyclophosphate product. The major role of the second Mg2+ ion appears to be the stabilization of product conformation. This study delivers a mechanistic understanding of ribozyme‐catalyzed backbone cleavage.
The Synthesis of a 2D Ultra‐Large Protein Supramolecular Nanofilm by Chemoselective Thiol–Disulfide Exchange and its Emergent Functions
Authors: Xu Yan , Liu Yongchun , Hu Xinyi , Qin Rongrong , Su Hao , Li Juling , Yang Peng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe design and scalable synthesis of robust 2D biological ultrathin films with a tunable structure and function and the ability to be easily transferred to a range of substrates remain key challenges in chemistry and materials science. Herein, we report the use of the thiol–disulfide exchange reaction in the synthesis of a macroscopic 2D ultrathin proteinaceous film with the potential for large‐scale fabrication and on‐demand encapsulation/release of functional molecules. The reaction between the Cys6–Cys127 disulfide bond of lysozyme and cysteine is chemo‐ and site‐selective. The partially unfolded lysozyme–cysteine monomers aggregate at the air/water or solid/liquid interface to form an ultra‐large 2D nanofilm (900 cm2) with about 100 % optical transparency. This material adheres to a wide range of substrates and encapsulates and releases a range of molecules without significantly affecting activity.
Ge=B π‐Bonding: Synthesis and Reversible [2+2] Cycloaddition of Germaborenes
Authors: Raiser Dominik , Sindlinger Christian P. , Schubert Hartmut , Wesemann Lars 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPhosphine‐stabilized germaborenes featuring an unprecedented Ge=B double bond with short B⋅⋅⋅Ge contacts of 1.886(2) (4) and 1.895(3) Å (5) were synthesized starting from an intramolecular germylene–phosphine Lewis pair (1). After oxidative addition of boron trihalides BX3 (X=Cl, Br), the addition products were reduced with magnesium and catalytic amounts of anthracene to give the borylene derivatives in yields of 78 % (4) and 57 % (5). These halide‐substituted germaborenes were characterized by single‐crystal structure analysis, and the electronic structures were studied by quantum‐chemical calculations. According to an NBO NRT analysis, the dominating Lewis structure contains a Ge=B double bond. The germaborenes undergo a reversible, photochemically initiated [2+2] cycloaddition with the phenyl moiety of a terphenyl substituent at room temperature, forming a complex heterocyclic structure with GeIV in a strongly distorted coordination environment.
Laparoscopic hepatectomy in a patient with uncontrolled polycythaemia vera
Authors: Riekki T. R. , Ling E. , Cordovani D. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis case report describes the peri‐operative course of a patient with uncontrolled polycythaemia vera who underwent a laparoscopic hepatectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Polycythaemia vera is a chronic condition that results in erythrocytosis and puts patients at risk of peri‐operative complications including thrombotic events and paradoxical haemorrhage. Little evidence exists on the ideal peri‐operative management of uncontrolled polycythaemia vera when the proposed procedure carries a high risk of haemorrhage. Our patient presented with a pre‐operative haemoglobin of 197 g.l−1 (haematocrit 65%) and was not phlebotomised pre‐operatively. Intra‐operatively he lost 2700 ml of blood, reducing his haematocrit to 48%, and then suffered fatal thrombotic complications postoperatively. The patient did not receive any blood product transfusions during his peri‐operative course. We review the available evidence to guide the peri‐operative management of patients with polycythaemia vera. The inherent risks of thrombosis and haemorrhage associated with polycythaemia vera need to be weighed against the specific surgical and transfusion‐related risks. Phlebotomy to achieve a pre‐operative haematocrit under 45% is recommended and intra‐operative phlebotomy shows promise for reducing blood loss during hepatectomies. Management of postoperative erythrocytosis may be an important and underappreciated aspect of reducing the peri‐operative risk of thrombosis in patients with polycythaemia vera.
Effects of strain rate and temperature on the mechanical behavior of high‐density polyethylene
Authors: Lamri Abderrahmane , Shirinbayan Mohammadali , Pereira Michael , Truffault Laurianne , Fitoussi Joseph , Lamouri Saad , Bakir Farid , Tcharkhtchi Abbas 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe objective of this work is to initiate the discussion about multiphysics relationships between the molten and solid states of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). The extrusion and the injection processes are employed to prepare samples, and the experimental procedures, using differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMTA), thermal gravimetric analysis, and rheological measurements, are defined to choose the optimal variables. After different characterizations, the extrusion and injection temperatures of 220 and 230 °C have been chosen. To investigate the viscoelastic behavior of HDPE, the DMTA is used. To perform the high strain rate tensile tests, tensile machine was equipped with a specific furnace. Two temperatures, −20 and 20 °C, with strain rates varying from 0.001 to 100 seconds−1 were used to compare the flow characteristics. Results showed that by increasing the strain rate the molecular mobility of the HDPE chains is decreased. In addition, to the tests at −20 °C, the increase of Young's modulus can be properly observed, under high strain rates. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48778.
B Cell Tetherin: A Flow Cytometric Cell‐Specific Assay for Response to Type I Interferon Predicts Clinical Features and Flares in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: El‐Sherbiny Yasser M. , Md Yusof Md Yuzaiful , Psarras Antonios , Hensor Elizabeth M. A. , Kabba Kumba Z. , Dutton Katherine , Mohamed Alaa A. A. , Elewaut Dirk , McGonagle Dennis , Tooze Reuben , Doody Gina , Wittmann Miriam , Emery Paul , Vital Edward M. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveType I interferon (IFN) responses are broadly associated with autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Given the cardinal role of autoantibodies in SLE, this study was undertaken to investigate whether the findings of a B cell–specific IFN assay correlate with SLE activity.MethodsB cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with type I IFN and type II IFN. Gene expression was analyzed, and the expression of pathway‐related membrane proteins was determined. A flow cytometry assay for tetherin (CD317), an IFN‐induced protein ubiquitously expressed on leukocytes, was validated in vitro and then clinically against SLE diagnosis, plasmablast expansion, and the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) 2004 score in a discovery cohort (n = 156 SLE patients, 30 rheumatoid arthritis [RA] patients, and 25 healthy controls). A second, longitudinal validation cohort of 80 SLE patients was also evaluated for flare prediction.ResultsIn vitro, a close cell‐specific and dose‐response relationship between type I IFN–responsive genes and cell surface tetherin was observed in all immune cell subsets. Tetherin expression on multiple cell subsets was selectively responsive to stimulation with type I IFN compared to types II and III IFNs. In patient samples from the discovery cohort, memory B cell tetherin showed the strongest associations with diagnosis (SLE:healthy control effect size 0.11 [P = 0.003]; SLE:RA effect size 0.17 [P < 0.001]), plasmablast numbers in rituximab‐treated patients (R = 0.38, P = 0.047), and BILAG 2004. These associations were equivalent to or stronger than those for IFN score or monocyte tetherin. Memory B cell tetherin was found to be predictive of future clinical flares in the validation cohort (hazard ratio 2.29 [95% confidence interval 1.01–4.64]; P = 0.022).ConclusionOur findings indicate that memory B cell surface tetherin, a B cell–specific IFN assay, is associated with SLE diagnosis and disease activity, and predicts flares better than tetherin on other cell subsets or whole blood assays, as determined in an independent validation cohort.
Rhizobien in der Pflanzenmikrobiota
Authors: Wippel Kathrin , Schulze‐Lefert Paul , Garrido‐Oter Ruben 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungFür das Wachstum und Überleben der Pflanze im Boden ist ihre Mikrobiota von maßgeblicher Bedeutung. Pflanzen‐Mikrobiota‐Interaktionen können unter Laborbedingungen durch definierte Gemeinschaften von Kommensalen nachgestellt und durch Ko‐Kultivierung mit dem keimfreien Pflanzenwirt auf ihre Wirkung auf das Wachstum und die Gesundheit der Pflanzen geprüft werden. Die Ordnung der Rhizobiales gehört zum Kern der Pflanzenmikrobiota und beinhaltet stickstoffbindende Wurzelknöllchenbakterien, die in einer Symbiose mit Leguminosen leben. Nur kompatible Wirt‐Symbionten‐Paare können Symbiosen etablieren, was durch hochspezialisierte und verknüpfte Signalwege zwischen den beiden Partnern gewährleistet wird. Vergleichende Genomanalysen von Symbionten und Rhizobiales‐Wurzelkommensalen aus Nicht‐Leguminosen zeigen, dass der jüngste gemeinsame Vorfahre zwar die Fähigkeit zur Wurzelbesiedelung mit breitem Wirtspektrum besaß, symbiontische Interaktionen sich jedoch erst durch Gentransfer, der in der Evolution mehrfach unabhängig in mehreren Familien der Rhizobiales erfolgt ist, entwickelten.
Nachrichten des Verbandes Biologie, Biowissenschaften & Biomedizin in Deutschland
Authors: Lang Christine 
Published: December 2019

Wissenschaft & GesellschaftEU‐Kommission und ForschungGenome EditingAusbildung & KarriereArs legendi‐Fakultätenpreis Mathematik und NaturwissenschaftenMitgliederumfrageWas wünschen unsere individuellen MitgliederLandesverbändeJahrestreffen der Landesverbände
Profiles of resources and body image in health and illness: A comparative study among females with rheumatoid arthritis, females with breast cancer and healthy controls
Authors: Rzeszutek Marcin , Pięta Małgorzata , Huzar Marek 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine whether or not profiles of resources (i.e., a multifaceted picture that simultaneously includes different types of resources), as described by the conservation of resources (COR) theory, and profiles of body image (i.e., a multidimensional picture that simultaneously includes different aspects of body image) differ between females that represent two clinical samples (rheumatoid arthritis [RA]; breast cancer [BC]) and a healthy control group.MethodThe sample comprised 328 females, including 141 women with RA, 102 with a BC diagnosis, and 85 healthy women as a control group, and was collected from the general population. To measure the level of COR resources in each participant, we used the COR evaluation questionnaire (COR‐E). Participants' body image was assessed with the aid of the Multidimensional Body‐Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ).ResultsA discriminant analysis revealed that females from the clinical groups differed with respect to their profiles of some resources and body image when compared to those of the healthy control group. In addition, we found differences in body image evaluations between women with RA and women with BC.ConclusionsWomen with RA or BC differ substantially with respect to their subjectively assessed resources and body image when compared to women with no chronic diseases. Therefore, psychological counselling designed for females with RA or BC should be employed to help them restore the aspects altered by their respective illnesses.
Application of fermentation process control to increase l‐tryptophan production in Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhao Chunguang , Fang Haitian , Wang Jing , Zhang Shasha , Zhao Xiubao , Li Zengliang , Lin Chuwen , Shen Zhiqiang , Cheng Likun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, process engineering and process control were applied to increase the production of l‐tryptophan using Escherichia coli Dmtr/pta‐Y. Different dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH control strategies were applied in l‐tryptophan production. DO and pH were maintained at [20% (0–20 hr); 30% (20–40 hr)] and [7.0 (0–20 hr), 6.5 (20–40 hr)], respectively, which increased l‐tryptophan production, glucose conversion percentage [g (l‐tryptophan)/g (glucose)], and transcription levels of key genes for tryptophan biosynthesis and tryptophan biosynthesis flux, and decreased the accumulation of acetate and transcription levels of genes related to acetate synthesis and acetate synthesis flux. Using E. coli Dmtr/pta‐Y with optimized DO [20% (0–20 hr); 30% (20–40 hr)] and pH [7.0 (0–20 hr), 6.5 (20–40 hr)] values, the highest l‐tryptophan production (52.57 g/L) and glucose conversion percentage (20.15%) were obtained. The l‐tryptophan production was increased by 26.58%, the glucose conversion percentage was increased by 22.64%, and the flux of tryptophan biosynthesis was increased to 21.5% compared with different conditions for DO [50% (0–20 hr), 20% (20–40 hr)] and pH [7.0].