bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkyl Chain Length‐ and Polymorph‐Dependent Photomechanochromic Fluorescence of Anthracene Photodimerization in Molecular Crystals: Role of the Lattice Stiffness
Authors: Kuo Cheng‐Zong , Hsu Li‐Yun , Chen Yu‐Shan , Goto Kenta , Maity Subhendu , Liu Yi‐Hung , Peng Shie‐Ming , Kong Kien Voon , Shinmyozu Teruo , Yang Jye‐Shane 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnthracene–pentiptycene hybrid systems 1‐Cn, where n refers to the number of carbon atoms in the linear alkyl chain, crystallize in three different polymorphs, denoted Y (yellow), G (green), and B (blue) forms in terms of the fluorescence color. While all Y‐form crystals show the same yellow‐to‐blue fluorescence color response to the photomechanical stress generated by the anthracene [4+4] photodimerization reaction, the four G forms exhibit distinct photomechanofluorochromism (PMFC): from green to blue for G‐1‐C4, to orange for G‐1‐C7, to red for G‐1‐C8, and to red then blue for G‐1‐C9, and the B forms show no photochromic activity. The intriguing RGB three‐color PMFC and abnormal topochemical reactivity of G‐1‐C9 are attributed to inherent softness of the crystal lattice.
Homochiral Covalent Organic Frameworks for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Ma Hui‐Chao , Zou Jie , Li Xue‐Tian , Chen Gong‐Jun , Dong Yu‐Bin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOwing to their permanent porosity, highly ordered and extended structure, good chemical stability, and tunability, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a new type of organic materials that can offer various applications in different fields. Benefiting from the huge database of organic reactions, the required functionality of COFs can be readily achieved by modification of the corresponding organic functional groups on either polymerizable monomers or established COF frameworks. This striking feature allows homochiral covalent organic frameworks (HCCOFs) to be reasonably designed and synthesized, as well as their use as a unique platform to fabricate asymmetric catalysts. This contribution provides an overview of new progress in HCCOF‐based asymmetric catalysis, including design, synthesis, and their application in asymmetric organic synthesis. Moreover, major challenges and developing trends in this field are also discussed. It is anticipated that this review article will provide some new insights into HCCOFs for heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis and help to encourage further contributions in this young but promising field.
Self‐Metalation of Anchored Porphyrins on Atomically Defined Cobalt Oxide Surfaces: In situ Studies by Surface Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Wähler Tobias , Schuster Ralf , Libuda Jörg 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMetalation of anchored porphyrins is essential for their functionality at hybrid interfaces. In this work, we have studied the anchoring and metalation of a functionalized porphyrin derivative, 5‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐10,15,20‐triphenylporphyrin (MCTPP), on an atomically‐defined CoO(100) film under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. We follow both the anchoring to the oxide surface and the self‐metalation by surface Co2+ ions via infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). At 150 K, MCTPP multilayer films adsorb molecularly on CoO(100) without anchoring to the surface. Upon heating to 195 K, the first layer of porphyrin molecules anchors via formation of a bridging surface carboxylate. Above 460 K, the MCTPP multilayer desorbs and only the anchored monolayer resides on the surface up to temperatures of 600 K approximately. The orientation of anchored MCTPP depends on the surface coverage. At low coverage, the MCTPP adopts a nearly flat‐lying geometry, whereas an upright standing film is formed near the multilayer coverage. Self‐metalation of MCTPP depends critically on the surface temperature, the coverage and on the molecular orientation. At 150 K, metalation is largely suppressed, while the degree of metalation increases with increasing temperature and reaches a value of around 60 % in the first monolayer at 450 K. At lower coverage higher metalation fractions (85 % and above) are observed, similar as for increasing temperature.
Effects of metal support interaction on dry reforming of methane over Ni/Ce‐Al2O3catalysts
Authors: Adamu Sagir , Bawah Abdul‐Rashid , Muraza Oki , Malaibari Zuhair , Hossain Mohammad M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDry (CO2) reforming of methane is conducted over two newly synthesized Ni20/Ce‐γAl2O3and Ni20/Ce‐meso‐Al2O3catalysts. The x‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that Ni20/Ce‐meso‐Al2O3exhibits a better dispersion of nickel, while Ni20/Ce‐γAl2O3has larger amounts of nickel crystallites. The temperature programmed desorption (TPD) kinetics analysis indicated that Ni20/Ce‐meso‐Al2O3had a lesser metal‐support interaction than the Ni20/Ce‐γAl2O3. The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the incorporation of ceria into the Al2O3matrix helps to stabilize Ni20/Ce‐meso‐Al2O3during dry reforming of methane. The temperature programmed reduction (TPR) indicated that the synthesized catalysts were sufficiently reducible below 750 °C. A fixed bed reactor evaluation (at 750 °C) showed that both catalysts can facilitate methane reforming to syngas with minimal coking throughout the 30 hours time‐on‐stream (TOS). However, Ni20/Ce‐meso‐Al2O3is more promising in terms of prolonged stability for dry reforming applications. Moreover, the syngas yield for Ni20/Ce‐γAl2O3is close to equilibrium prediction during the first 1 hour of reaction time.
Biological Characterization, Mechanistic Investigation and Structure‐Activity Relationships of Chemically Stable TLR2 Antagonists
Authors: Bermudez Marcel , Grabowski Maria , Murgueitio Manuela S. , Tiemann Markus , Varga Péter , Rudolf Thomas , Wolber Gerhard , Weindl Günther , Rademann Jörg 
Published: April 2020

AbstractToll‐like receptors (TLRs) build the first barrier in the innate immune response and therefore represent promising targets for the modulation of inflammatory processes. Recently, the pyrogallol‐containing TLR2 antagonists CU‐CPT22 and MMG‐11 were reported; however, their 1,2,3‐triphenol motif renders them highly susceptible to oxidation and excludes them from use in extended experiments under aerobic conditions. Therefore, we have developed a set of novel TLR2 antagonists (1–9) based on the systematic variation of substructures, linker elements, and the hydrogen‐bonding pattern of the pyrogallol precursors by using chemically robust building blocks. The novel series of chemically stable and synthetically accessible TLR2 antagonists (1–9) was pharmacologically characterized, and the potential binding modes of the active compounds were evaluated structurally. Our results provide new insights into structure‐activity relationships and allow rationalization of structural binding characteristics. Moreover, they support the hypothesis that this class of TLR ligands bind solely to TLR2 and do not directly interact with TLR1 or TLR6 of the functional heterodimer. The most active compound from this series (6), is chemically stable, nontoxic, TLR2‐selective, and shows a similar activity with regard to the pyrogallol starting points, thus indicating the variability of the hydrogen bonding pattern.
Harnessing semantic segmentation masks for accurate facial attribute editing
Authors: Chen Peng , Xiao Qi , Xu Jian , Dong Xiaoli , Sun Linjun , Li Weijun , Ning Xin , Wang Guojun , Chen Ziheng 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn recent years, with the rapid development of adversarial learning technology, facial attribute editing has made great success in a number of areas. Realistic visual effect, invariant identity information, and accurate editing area are the three key issues of facial attribute editing. Unfortunately, most researches focus on the former two problems. However, lack of awareness of the accurate editing area in the task is the main reason for damaging attribute‐irrelevant details. To address this issue, this article proposes a novel facial attribute editing algorithm—a generative adversarial network (GAN) with semantic masks—from the perspective of editing location accuracy. By generating the mask with respect to attribute‐related areas, the semantic segmentation network can only constrain the manipulation in the target region while not harming any attribute‐irrelevant details. The GAN is then combined with the semantic segmentation network to formulate the entire framework, which is referred to as SM‐GAN. Extensive experiments on the public datasets CelebA and LFWA prove that the presented method can not only ensure that the attribute manipulation is realistic, but also allow attribute‐irrelevant regions to remain unchanged. Moreover, it can also simultaneously edit multiple facial attributes.
Identification and characterization of high‐yielding, short‐duration rice genotypes for tropical Asia
Authors: Won Phyo L. P. , Liu Hongyan , Banayo Niño P. M. , Nie Lixiao , Peng Shaobing , Islam Mohammad R. , Sta. Cruz Pompe , Collard Bertrand C. Y. , Kato Yoichiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrevious efforts to increase the yield of tropical rice (Oryza sativa L.) have focused on medium‐duration varieties. However, there is increasing demand for high‐yielding short‐duration varieties that can adapt to intensified cropping systems and climate change. Our goal was to identify physiological traits associated with high yield in elite short‐duration genotypes suitable for tropical Asia. We conducted field experiments in five consecutive growing seasons at the International Rice Research Institute, the Philippines. We selected genotypes in the first two seasons, then performed a detailed characterization of the most promising genotypes in the following three seasons. Of the 50 advanced‐generation genotypes, three had consistently high yield and early maturity, with yields 11 to 38% higher than that of ‘IRRI104’ (‘IR50404‐57‐2‐2‐3’), a short‐duration variety that is widely grown in Southeast Asia. These genotypes were 20 to 32 cm taller than IRRI104. We found that for grain growth, low source capacity, defined as stem nonstructural carbohydrates at heading plus biomass accumulation after heading, was the major factor for the low yield of IRRI104. Although sink capacity (spikelets m−2 × grain weight) in the promising genotypes was comparable to that of IRRI104, they had a 25 to 53% higher source–sink ratio (source capacity/sink capacity) than IRRI104, which was attributed to larger leaf area and greater biomass accumulation during the grain‐filling stage. This result suggests that slight changes in plant development to promote height combined with increased leaf area around heading would improve the yield of short‐duration rice varieties in tropical Asia.
Influence of media exposure and Corporate Social Responsibility compliance on customer perception: The moderating role of Firm's reputation risk
Authors: Khan Hadi , Sukhotu Vatcharapol 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis research tries to measure the direct effects of media exposure, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) compliance on customer perception; and, to analyze the moderating role of firm's reputation risk. Data is collected from sports manufacturing industry, Sialkot, Pakistan. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling technique was used for analysis. The results showed positive effects of firm's media exposure and CSR compliance on customer perception. This suggests that firms which maintain positive image in the media and consider contributing positively in society and doing business with ethics, they attract positive attitude of the customers towards products and firms as well. Moderating results show that interaction of firm's reputation further strengthens the effects of both media exposure and CSR initiatives on customer perception. Results also revealed the positive effects of firm's reputation risk on customer perception. The paper discusses implications of this research for the existing literature, practitioners, and policymakers.
PD‐L1 expression in cell‐blocks of non‐small cell lung cancer: The impact of prolonged fixation
Authors: Vigliar Elena , Iaccarino Antonino , Campione Severo , Campanino Maria R. , Clery Eduardo , Pisapia Pasquale , De Luca Caterina , Bellevicine Claudio , Malapelle Umberto , De Dominicis Gianfranco , Troncone Giancarlo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn the selection of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients for immunotherapy, specimen processed as cell blocks (CBs) may be the only available material to assess PD‐L1 expression. Therefore, optimal CB preparation becomes paramount. In this context, here we assessed whether inadequate fixation time might be one of the pre‐analytical factors affecting PD‐L1 expression.MethodsEx vivo CBs from placental (n = 3) and NSCLC (n = 8) resection specimens were obtained. PD‐L1 staining was performed on CBs prepared at increasing fixation times (12 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 168 hours and 504 hours) using the companion diagnostic SP263 Assay and a validated 22C3 laboratory developed test (LDT). Staining intensity and percentage of positive cells were evaluated.ResultsAll placental CBs showed moderate to strong PD‐L1 positivity in most cells, regardless of the fixation time. Likewise, the percentage of SP263‐stained NSCLC cells was similar at all fixation times except for one case, which showed less intense SP263 staining at 168 hours. Conversely, in 5/8 cases, the 22C3 LDT percentage of positive cells and staining intensity decreased at 168 hours and 504 hours.ConclusionsOur results show that fixation time influences the performance of 22C3 LDT on CBs. Thus, we recommend that the fixation time of cytological materials be carefully checked, especially when PD‐L1 testing is delayed until the oncology request. Indeed, delays in tissue processing and paraffin embedding may lead to sub‐optimal performance of PD‐L1 staining on CBs.
Prominent oncocytic metaplasia in pleomorphic adenoma: A potential diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Ito Hiroko , Ishida Mitsuaki , Miyasaka Chika , Okano Kimiaki , Sandoh Kaori , Fujisawa Takuo , Iwai Hiroshi , Tsuta Koji 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common salivary gland tumor. The cytological features of PA are well recognized, and its diagnosis is straightforward in most cases. Some metaplastic changes in PA are well known; however, occurrence of oncocytic metaplasia in PA is very rare. In this report, we describe the first cytological case of prominent oncocytic metaplasia in PA identified based on immunocytochemical analysis. We report the case of a 62‐year‐old Japanese female who presented with swelling of the left neck region. A fine‐needle aspiration cytologic examination was performed followed by surgical resection. The Papanicolaou smear revealed the presence of discohesive neoplastic cells in a myxoid background. These neoplastic cells had a relatively rich, granular cytoplasm, and round nuclei with moderate pleomorphism. Initial cytodiagnosis revealed carcinoma ex PA (CXPA). Immunocytochemical analysis showed that abundant mitochondria were present in the cytoplasm of these neoplastic cells. Histopathological examination of the resected tumor demonstrated proliferation of oncocytic neoplastic cells within a myxoid material and the presence of conventional PA components. A final diagnosis of prominent oncocytic metaplasia in PA was made. Oncocytic metaplasia showed nuclear atypia and pleomorphism; therefore, CXPA, which presents with severe nuclear atypia and necrotic background, must be differentiated from oncocytic metaplastic PA. Recognition of oncocytic metaplasia in PA is important for correct diagnosis.
The effect of intrauterine inflammation on mTOR signaling in mouse fetal brain
Authors: Dong Jie , Lei Jun , Elsayed Nada A. , Lee Ji Yeon , Shin Na , Na Quan , Chudnovets Anna , Jia Bei , Wang Xiaohong , Burd Irina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFetuses exposed to an inflammatory environment are predisposed to long‐term adverse neurological outcomes. However, the mechanism by which intrauterine inflammation (IUI) is responsible for abnormal fetal brain development is not fully understood. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is closely associated with fetal brain development. We hypothesized that mTOR signaling might be involved in fetal brain injury and malformation when fetuses are exposed to the IUI environment. A well‐established IUI model was utilized by intrauterine injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to explore the effect of IUI on mTOR signaling in mouse fetal brains. We found that microglia activation in LPS fetal brains was increased, as demonstrated by elevated Iba‐1 protein level and immunofluorescence density. LPS fetal brains also showed reduced neuronal cell counts, decreased cell proliferation demonstrated by low Ki67‐positive density, and elevated neuron apoptosis evidenced by high expression of cleaved Caspase 3. Furthermore, we found that mTOR signaling in LPS fetal brains was elevated at 2 hr after LPS treatment, declined at 6 hr and showed overall inhibition at 24 hr. In summary, our study revealed that LPS‐induced IUI leads to increased activation of microglia cells, neuronal damage, and dynamic alterations in mTOR signaling in the mouse fetal brain. Our findings indicate that abnormal changes in mTOR signaling may underlie the development of future neurological complications in offspring exposed to prenatal IUI.
Involvement of early embryonic miR‐409‐3p in the establishment of anxiety levels in female mice
Authors: Dickson David A. , Stohn Patrizia , Saavedra Rodriguez Lorena , Hernandez Arturo , Harrington Anne , Liaw Lucy , Feig Larry A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSmall RNA molecules in early embryos, delivered from sperm to zygotes upon fertilization, are required for normal mouse embryonic development. Even modest changes in the levels of sperm‐derived miRNAs appear to influence early embryos and subsequent development. For example, stress‐associated behaviors develop in mice after injection into normal zygotes sets of sperm miRNAs elevated in stressed male mice. Here, we implicate early embryonic miR‐409‐3p in establishing anxiety levels in adult female, but not male mice. First, we found that exposure of male mice to chronic social instability stress, which leads to elevated anxiety in their female offspring across at least three generations through the paternal lineage, elevates sperm miR‐409‐3p levels not only in exposed males, but also in sperm of their F1 and F2 male offspring. Second, we observed that while injection of a mimic of miR‐409‐3p into zygotes from mating control males was incapable of mimicking this effect in offspring derived from them, injection of a specific inhibitor of this miRNA led to the opposite, anxiolytic effect in female, but not male, and offspring. These findings imply that baseline miR‐409‐3p activity in early female embryos is necessary for the expression of normal anxiety levels when they develop into adult females. In addition, elevated embryo miR‐409‐3p activity, possibly as a consequence of stress‐induced elevation of its expression in sperm, may participate in, but may not be sufficient for, the induction of enhanced anxiety.
Coping strategies and stress‐induced natural killer cell redistribution in women with eating disorders
Authors: Vaz‐Leal Francisco J. , Ramos‐Fuentes María Isabel , Guisado‐Macías Juan Antonio , Espárrago‐Llorca Guadalupe , Redondo‐Rodríguez Celia , Bajo‐Cabello Beatriz , Rodríguez‐Santos Laura 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with eating disorders (ED) are very sensitive and responsive to psychosocial stress. Stress response includes changes in immune cell distribution and may be modulated by the capability to cope with stressors. Thus, the present study sought to analyze the association between coping strategies and immune response (natural killer [NK] cell redistribution following psychosocial stress) in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) and healthy controls (HC).MethodTwenty‐four AN patients, 29 BN patients, and 58 HC were studied. A multidimensional assessment tool, the COPE Inventory, was used to assess coping strategies. The number of NK cells was quantified in peripheral blood before and after the application of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Potentially mediating variables, such as weight status, severity of eating pathology, depression, anxiety, and impulsivity were controlled.ResultsThe three groups differed in intensity and direction of cell redistribution: The TSST was followed in BN patients by a significant decrease in the number of NK cells, whereas HC displayed a moderate decrease and AN a clear increase. Specific correlations between coping strategies and NK cell mobilization were found, especially in BN patients (positive for “planning” and negative for “substance abuse”).ConclusionRecognition and subsequent modification of the dysfunctional coping strategies used by patients with ED could contribute to improving their immune status, strengthening their resilience and increasing their ability to overcome the disease.
Seasonal changes in mixed‐species bird flocks and antipredator information
Authors: Jiang Demeng , Sieving Kathryn E. , Meaux Estelle , Goodale Eben 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnimals acquire information produced by other species to reduce uncertainty and avoid predators. Mixed‐species flocks (MSFs) of birds are ubiquitous in forest ecosystems and structured, in part, around interspecific information transfer, with “nuclear” species providing information that other species eavesdrop on. We hypothesized that in a seasonal tropical forest, the amount of information produced by birds about predation would be dynamic and particularly would decrease inside MSFs when the nuclear species leave MSFs to breed. We obtained baseline information on MSF encounter rate and species composition along established sampling routes over 9 months near the Sino‐Vietnamese border. We also conducted three experiments to quantify information produced by different species in response to typical predator encounters, including a moving predator stimulus presented inside of MSFs, and a stationary predator model presented both inside and outside of MSFs. MSFs were much less frequent in the breeding season with fewer individuals of the nuclear species, David's Fulvetta (Alcippe davidi), participating, though the diversity of other species remained stable. Fulvettas were the dominant producer of alarm‐related information both to the moving and stationary stimuli in MSFs and were also among the most active mobbers to stimuli presented outside of MSFs. In the breeding season, they tended to call less to the moving stimulus, and substantially fewer individuals responded to the in‐flock stationary stimulus. Other species increased their own information production at stationary predator stimuli (inside and outside of MSFs) during the breeding season, perhaps due to their increased investment in offspring during this time. Yet even during the breeding season, David's Fulvetta remained the highest producer of information about predators in MSFs. Hence, while we show that information production in MSFs can be somewhat dynamic, we describe a continually asymmetric communication system, in which a nuclear species is important to the whole community.