bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantiomer separation on novel cellulose derivatives bearing regioselective phenylcarbamate groups
Authors: Tang Shouwan , Wang Fang , Yan Zhenzhong , Huang Ling 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFour novel regioselectively carbamoylated cellulose derivatives with two types of substituents, one being a 3‐chloro‐4‐methylphenylcarbamate group and the other being a phenylcarbamate, a 3,5‐dichlorophenylcarbamate or a 4‐methylphenylcarbamate group, at the 2‐, 3‐positions and 6‐position were synthesized and utilized as chiral stationary phases in high‐performance liquid chromatography. The obtained derivatives exhibited characteristic chiral recognition abilities which were significantly affected by the nature and arrangement of the groups at the 2‐, 3‐positions and 6‐position. Compared with cellulose tris(3‐chloro‐4‐methylphenylcarbamate) and Chiralcel OD columns, several racemates were better resolved on these new phases. With all six racemates resolved on cellulose 2,3‐bis(4‐methylphenylcarbamate)‐6‐(3‐chloro‐4‐methylphenylcarbamate), it appears to be a potential useful chiral stationary phase in the future. Also, the influence of mobile phase on chiral recognition was investigated. Better resolutions were generally obtained with decreased amount of 2‐propanol with a mixture of hexane/2‐propanol as the mobile phase. Moreover, when ethanol was used instead of 2‐propanol as the mobile phase modifier, poorer enantioseparations were often achieved.
Addressing Temporal Variability in Bird Calling with Design and Estimation: A Northern Bobwhite Example
Authors: YEISER JOHN M. , HOWELL PAIGE E. , WANN GREGORY T. , MARTIN JAMES A. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTImprecise or biased density estimates can lead to inadequate conservation action, overexploitation of game species, or lost recreational opportunities. Common approaches to estimating density of avian populations often either ignore the probability that an individual is present within the sampling area but is not available to be sampled (e.g., not vocalizing), or do not consider covariates that could influence availability. Additionally, management decisions made at the management unit scale are often informed by inadequate monitoring practices, such as limited sampling intensity. In such cases, management agencies calculate density by applying correction factors (e.g., detection probabilities estimated using empirical data from a different study system) to count data, rather than estimating a detection function directly using statistical models. We conducted a simulation study using northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; bobwhite) as a model species to quantify the consequences of mis‐specifying avian point count models on bias and precision of density estimates. We compared bias and precision of estimates from a fully specified distance‐sampling model that estimates availability and detection to 4 different mis‐specified approaches, including 2 approaches to calculating density using correction factors. Using correction factors to calculate density produced estimates with low bias but relatively lower precision compared to the fully specified model (CV of density estimates at 35 sites over 5 years: fully specified = 10%, correction factors = 25% and 30%). Although the mean precision and bias of the fully specified model improved with more data (70 sites over 5 years, CV = 9%; 35 sites over 10 years, CV = 9%), precision of correction factors did not (70 sites over 5 years, CV = 22% and 27%; 35 sites over 10 years, CV = 24% and 29%). The fully specified model captured the underlying temporal variation in detection and availability. Increasing sampling duration from 5 to 10 years improved modeled estimates of growth rate, even for mis‐specified models, but not derived growth rates using pre‐determined detection functions. We demonstrated that conducting point counts 3 times/year at a feasible number of sites can produce relatively unbiased estimates of bobwhite density. Pre‐determined detection functions can be fortuitously unbiased for certain years, but they are not a reliable method for determining density or identifying trends in density over time. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Switchable and filter‐free photonic microwave single‐sideband frequency converter
Authors: Guo Qingfeng , Xu Enming , Zhang Zuxing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA switchable and filter‐free photonic microwave single‐sideband frequency converter based on a dual‐parallel dual‐drive Mach‐Zehnder modulator is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Two first‐order carrier‐suppression single sidebands for input signal and local oscillator signal are achieved by adjusting the DC bias voltages of the modulator. The frequency upconversion and downconversion can be switched by adjusting one DC bias voltage of the modulator. Thanks to the carrier‐suppression single‐sideband modulation without using any filter, the frequency converter has a large operating bandwidth but no power fading caused by chromatic dispersion, and the mixing spurs can be effectively suppressed. Experimental results show that the frequency converted signal is pure over a wide frequency range, and the sideband suppression ratio of desired signal is over 20 dB. The spur free dynamic range achieves 108.3 dB Hz2/3.
Vertuscht und aufgedeckt: ein Atomunfall
Authors: Steinhauser Georg 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAls am Morgen des 2. Oktober 2017 in Europa die Luftfilter der Messstationen gewechselt wurden, ahnte noch niemand, was in der Luft lag: eine Wolke von radioaktivem Ruthenium‐106 über dem ganzen Kontinent. Die Luftüberwachung schlug Alarm, aber kein Staat wollte die Verantwortung übernehmen, und angeblich wusste keiner davon. Aber die Messwerte lieferten Indizien.
Das perfekte Treibhausgas ersetzen
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSchwefelhexafluorid ist schwer, inert und langlebig, es trägt über 23 000mal so viel zum Treibhauseffekt bei wie Kohlendioxid. In Turnschuhen, Schallschutzscheiben und Autoreifen ist SF6 EU‐weit inzwischen verboten. Für elektrische Schaltanlagen fehlten bisher die Alternativen. Das ändert sich jetzt.
Überraschend optimistisch
Authors: Keller Wolfram 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDigitalisierung, flexibleres Arbeiten und Risikomanagement in chemisch‐pharmazeutischen Unternehmen werden wohl nicht nachlassen. Die Bereitschaft, ein neues Unternehmen zu gründen, wird dagegen sinken. So schätzten Chemiker im Frühjahr die Folgen der Coronakrise ein.
Evaluating the primary use, strengths and weaknesses of pelvic floor muscle training devices available online
Authors: Thomas Hannah S. , Lee Austin W. , Nabavizadeh Behnam , Martin‐Tuite Patrick , Namiri Nikan K. , Hakam Nizar , Rios Natalie , Enriquez Anthony , Mmonu Nnenaya A. , Breyer Benjamin N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTreatment for urinary incontinence (UI) includes pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT). There is limited data appraising the characteristics of PFMT devices. We aimed to ascertain the primary use, strengths and weaknesses of PFMT devices available online, through evaluation of consumer reviews.MethodsWe performed an analysis of PFMT devices on Amazon.com. Four key device categories were recognized. Reviews from the five most frequently‐reviewed products per category were analyzed (n = 20). W characterized device use, strengths and weaknesses using thematic analysis.ResultsWe evaluated 2574 PFMT device reviews including 1168 vibrating Kegel balls, 750 non‐vibrating Kegel balls, 411 pelvic floor or thigh exercisers, and 245 electric probes. Non‐vibrating Kegel balls were rated highest (4.6/5 stars), followed by vibrating Kegel balls, electric probes and pelvic floor or thigh exercisers (4.4/5, 4.1/5, and 3.8/5 stars, respectively). Most reviews were positive (77%) or negative (16%) with few neutral (7%). While all were marketed to treat UI, most reviews did not mention the intended use. Vibrating and non‐vibrating Kegel balls and electric probes were most likely to be used for UI, and pelvic floor or thigh exercisers for toning. Some used non‐vibrating and vibrating Kegel balls for sexual function. Electric probes were the most beneficial device for incontinence control (27%, 67/245). Twenty‐five percent of all product reviews praised device ease of use and good quality or design. A minority of reviewers found products difficult to use, of poor quality or design and uncomfortable.ConclusionConsumers utilized online PFMT devices for multiple purposes, including UI, toning and sexual function. Reviewers generally praised PFMT products, particularly electric probes for UI.
Residence time in a single screw free helix extruder using a new solution to the biharmonic equation
Authors: Campbell Gregory A. , Bomma Sirisha , St. John Samuel , Chempath Shaji , Hunt Diana , Taylor Ross , Powers David L. , Wetzel Mark D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new analytical solution for the biharmonic equation was developed for single screw extrusion cross‐channel fluid mechanical flow. This analysis led to a quantitative model for residence time distribution when combined with the historic solutions of the drag and pressure flow in the rectangular channel in the single‐screw extruder. The focus of the theoretical and experimental investigation here was to examine how closely the new analytical solution correlated with experimental residence time data for a free‐helix extruder. This new extrusion device was operated as both a conventional extruder and a more positive displacement device by using only helix rotation as the pump. The Moffatt eddies that occur in the quiescent corners of the rectangular channel with screw rotation were found to have a strong effect on the residence time of the extruder. Because there were no quiescent corners for the free‐helix flow there was essentially no residence time tail for this mode of extruder displacement. The theoretical results for a sheet of dye spanning the screw channel width and dye “blobs” were compared with experimental results for both modes of operation. In all cases, the experiments and the theory predictions were essentially consistent.
Cover Image
Authors: Chen Siyu , Yang Kou , Leng Xuanye , Chen Musen , Novoselov Kostya S , Andreeva Daria V 
Published: November 2020

The cover image is based on the Review Perspectives in the design and application of composites based on graphene derivatives and bio‐based polymers by Siyu Chen et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.6080. Illustration by Diego Pitta de Araujo.image
Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Nonoperative Platelet‐Rich Plasma Shoulder Injections for Rotator Cuff Pathology
Authors: Lui Mickey , Shih Wendy , Yim Nicole , Brandstater Murray , Ashfaq Majid , Tran Duc 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundPlatelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injections have been introduced to augment the recovery of patients with shoulder pathology. Although multiple studies have been published, no large‐scale trials or meta‐analyses have assessed the efficacy of nonoperative shoulder PRP injection.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of nonoperative PRP shoulder injection in rotator cuff pathology for pain as measured by the visual analog scale (VAS) and range of motion (ROM).DesignTwo authors independently screened the Medline and Cochrane databases to include prospective studies that reported VAS and ROM outcomes for nonoperative shoulder PRP injections for rotator cuff pathology. Study quality was assessed using the revised Cochrane Collaboration risk‐of‐bias tool and modified Downs and Black checklist. Subsequent meta‐analysis was performed to determine the effect of nonoperative PRP injections on pain and ROM 3 to 12 months after intervention.ResultsSix studies met systematic review criteria. The included studies used different PRP formulations (concentration, leukocyte count), injection protocols (approach, injection number), and varied study designs. Three studies concluded that PRP provided no significant benefit for pain and ROM when compared to physical therapy. Within‐group meta‐analysis of six fairly heterogeneous studies (I2 77.8%) demonstrated a statistically significant (P < .001) improvement in pain 3 to 12 months after PRP injection. Within‐group meta‐analysis for four studies for shoulder flexion and abduction was found to be too heterogeneous to derive meaningful results.ConclusionThere is a limited quantity of high‐quality studies that assess the efficacy of nonoperative PRP shoulder injection for pain and ROM. Systematic review of PRP injections did not demonstrate an improvement in pain or ROM compared to physical therapy. Although within‐group meta‐analysis of nonoperative PRP statistically showed that nonoperative PRP improved pain, the lack of adequate negative controls precludes the ability to conclude whether improvements were due to natural recovery or nonoperative PRP.
Genome‐wide association study identifies novel single nucleotide polymorphisms having age‐specific effect on prostate‐specific antigen levels
Authors: Li Weiqiang , Bicak Mesude , Sjoberg Daniel D. , Vertosick Emily , Dahlin Anders , Melander Olle , Ulmert David , Lilja Hans , Klein Robert J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTesting for prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels in blood are widely used and associated with prostate cancer risk and outcome. After puberty, PSA levels increase by age and multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been found to be associated with PSA levels. However, the relationship between the effects of SNPs and age on PSA remains unknown.MethodsTo test for SNP × age interaction, we conducted a genome‐wide association study using 2394 men without prostate cancer diagnosis from Malmö, Sweden as a discovery set and 2137 men from the eMERGE study (USA) for validation. Linear regression was used to identify significant interactions between SNP and age (p < 1 × 10−4 for discovery, p < .05 for validation).ResultsThe 15 SNPs from three different loci (8p11.22, 8p12, 3q25.31) are found to have age‐specific effect on PSA levels. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) analysis shows that 12 SNPs from 3q25.31 locus affect the expression level of three genes: KCNAB1, SLC33A1, PLCH1.ConclusionsOur results suggest that SNPs may have age‐specific effect on PSA levels, which provides new direction to study genetic markers for PSA.
Effect of gastric acid‐reducing agents on the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of lemborexant
Authors: Landry Ishani , Aluri Jagadeesh , Hall Nancy , Kumar Dinesh , Dayal Satish , Moline Margaret , Reyderman Larisa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLemborexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist approved for treating insomnia. As the solubility of lemborexant is pH‐sensitive, the impact of the gastric acid‐reducing agent (ARA), famotidine, on lemborexant pharmacokinetics was evaluated in a Phase 1 study. Additionally, post hoc analysis of data from Phase 3 studies examined the potential effect of concomitant ARAs on patient‐reported/subjective sleep onset latency (sSOL) in subjects with insomnia. Coadministration of lemborexant 10 mg with famotidine decreased the maximum observed concentration by 27% and delayed time of maximum observed concentration by 0.5 hours. Famotidine did not affect overall lemborexant exposure based on comparison of area under the concentration curves. Concomitant ARA use in the Phase 3 studies did not impact the effect of lemborexant on sSOL; the change from baseline during the last 7 nights of 1 month of treatment with lemborexant 10 mg was −17.1 minutes with vs −17.9 minutes without ARAs. Collectively, these results indicate that lemborexant can be coadministered with ARAs.
Does organizational participation affect farmers' behavior in adopting the joint mechanism of pest and disease control? A study ofMeixian County, Shaanxi Province
Authors: Xu Ge , Sarkar Apurbo , Qian Lu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn China, there are a lack of well‐established relationships regarding farmers' behavior and participation in farmer organizations. The main objective of this study was to explore the effects and mechanisms of organizational participation in the joint control of pest and disease among kiwifruit growers (within the members of organizations). To fulfill this objective, the present study utilized survey data from 577 kiwifruit growers collected from Meixian County, Shaanxi Province, China. A combined method utilizing the instrumental variable (IV) ordered probit and bootstrap multiple mediation effect models were employed to determine the effects of participation by farmers' organizations in the joint control of pest and disease among kiwifruit growers.RESULTSA positive relationship was found between organizational participation and the joint control of pests and diseases. The empirical analysis of this study found that organizational support, organizational learning and organizational norms have mediating effects in the process of farmers' participation in the joint control of pests and disease. It is essential to go beyond individual behavior and tackle group decision‐making at the farm level.CONCLUSIONThis study found a positive effect of organizational participation in joint pest and disease control mechanisms. Moreover, whether the farm is situated in the demonstration zone for kiwifruit cultivation, planting experience, planting area, whether there are people in the family who are village cadres, and the number of older adults in the family significantly positively affect the degree of pest and disease control. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Change the channel: CysLoop receptor antagonists from nature
Authors: Tong Guanghu , Baker Meghan A , Shenvi Ryan A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVertebrate and invertebrate ligand‐gated ion channels (LGICs) exhibit significant structural homology and often share ligands. As a result, ligands with activity against one class can be brought to bear against another, including for development as insecticides. Receptor selectivity, metabolism and distribution must then be optimized using chemical synthesis. Here we review natural products (NPs) that ligate and inhibit the Cys‐loop family of LGICs, which benefit from the unique physicochemical properties of natural product space but often present a high synthetic burden. Recent advances in chemical synthesis, however, have opened practical entries into these complex structures, several of which are highlighted. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigations on the PNP‐chelated diiron dithiolato complexes Fe2(μ‐edt)(CO)4{κ2‐(Ph2P)2NC6H4R} related to the [FeFe]‐hydrogenase active site
Authors: Lü Shuang , Tian Wen‐Jing , Xu Ting‐Ting , Yang Jun , Li Qian‐Li , Li Yu‐Long 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe chemistry of the diiron dithiolato hexacarbonyl complex Fe2(μ‐edt)(CO)6 (edt, 1,2‐ethanedithiolate) has received special attention, largely because that its structure is similar with the active site of [FeFe]‐hydrogenase. In order to enrich the chemistry of complex Fe2(μ‐edt)(CO)6 and synthesize new hydrogen evolution catalysts, a new route to the diiron dithiolato hexacarbonyl complex Fe2(μ‐edt)(CO)6 was described. Reaction of Fe3(CO)12 and Me3SiSCH2CH2SSiMe3 in the presence of Et3N at 80 °C afforded Fe2(μ‐edt)(CO)6 in 90 % yield. Furthermore, reaction of Fe2(μ‐edt)(CO)6 and aminodiphosphine ligands (Ph2P)2NC6H4R (R=−3‐CCH, 4‐CCH) produced the new PNP‐chelated diiron dithiolato complexes Fe2(μ‐edt)(CO)4{κ2‐(Ph2P)2NC6H4R} (1 and 2). All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR spectroscopy, and particularly for 1 and 2 by X‐ray single diffraction analysis. In addition, the electrochemical results indicated that 1 and 2 could be considered as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction.
Pterygodermatites nycticebi infections in golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia rosalia) and aye‐ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis) from a German zoo
Authors: Silva Liliana M. R. , Voelker Iris , Geiger Christina , Schauerte Nicole , Hirzmann Joerg , Bauer Christian , Taubert Anja , Hermosilla Carlos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn a golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia rosalia) colony kept indoors in a German zoo, two animals presented a sudden onset of reduced general condition, lethargy, and diarrhea. At animal capture for clinical examination, adult nematode stages were observed after stress‐induced defecation. Despite treatment, two golden lion tamarins died in the following 2 days. At necropsy, spirurid stages were found in the lungs and intestine. Additionally, adult Pterygodermatites spp. were identified in histopathological samples of intestine and pancreas, confirming the previous diagnosis. Upon diagnosis, all animals were treated with ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg; SC). Thereafter, the general condition of the golden lion tamarins improved, whereby some of them excreted spirurid nematodes over 3 days. Four weeks after treatment, 20 fecal samples from the colony were examined and proved negative for parasitic stages. Given that common German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) are suitable intermediate hosts of Pterygodermatites nycticebi, 30 specimens were collected from seven different locations around the golden lion tamarins housing. Third‐stage larvae of Pterygodermatites spp. were recovered from those cockroaches. Regular anthelmintic treatments, coprological screenings, and controls for intermediate hosts were recommended. More than 2 years later, P. nycticebi infection was diagnosed again histopathologically in an aye‐aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) which suddenly died. Coprological analysis confirmed the presence of spirurid eggs. Due to prosimian primates' cockroach‐eating habits and given that total cockroach eradication proved impossible, continuous cockroach control strategies and regular treatments of primates are currently performed to prevent further P. nycticebi infections.
Common Parallel Patterns
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
When we are at our best as programmers, we recognize patterns in our work and apply techniques that are time proven to be the best solution. Parallel programming is no different, and it would be a serious mistake not to study the patterns that have proven to be useful in this space. Consider the MapReduce frameworks adopted for Big Data applications; their success stems largely from being based on two simple yet effective parallel patterns—map and reduce.
Memory Model and Atomics
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Memory consistency is not an esoteric concept if we want to be good parallel programmers. It is a critical piece of our puzzle, helping us to ensure that data is where we need it when we need it and that its values are what we are expecting. This chapter brings to light key things we need to master in order to ensure our program hums along correctly. This topic is not unique to SYCL or to DPC++.