bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Canterbury earthquakes on dispensing of psychiatric medication for children and adolescents: longitudinal quantitative study
Authors: Beaglehole Ben , Moor Stephanie , Zhang Tao , Hamilton Gregory J. , Mulder Roger T. , Boden Joseph M. , Frampton Christopher M. A. , Bell Caroline J. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundNatural disasters are increasing in frequency and impact; they cause widespread disruption and adversity throughout the world. The Canterbury earthquakes of 2010–2011 were devastating for the people of Christchurch, New Zealand. It is important to understand the impact of this disaster on the mental health of children and adolescents.AimsTo report psychiatric medication use for children and adolescents following the Canterbury earthquakes.MethodDispensing data from community pharmacies for the medication classes antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, sedatives/hypnotics and methylphenidate are routinely recorded in a national database. Longitudinal data are available for residents of the Canterbury District Health Board (DHB) and nationally. We compared dispensing data for children and adolescents residing in Canterbury DHB with national dispensing data to assess the impact of the Canterbury earthquakes on psychotropic prescribing for children and adolescents.ResultsAfter longer-term trends and population adjustments are considered, a subtle adverse effect of the Canterbury earthquakes on dispensing of antidepressants was detected. However, the Canterbury earthquakes were not associated with higher dispensing rates for antipsychotics, anxiolytics, sedatives/hypnotics or methylphenidate.ConclusionsMental disorders or psychological distress of a sufficient severity to result in treatment of children and adolescents with psychiatric medication were not substantially affected by the Canterbury earthquakes.
“She of the Pants and No Voice”
Authors: Awkward-Rich Cameron 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis essay turns to two familiar figures in the transgender archive—Lou Sullivan and Jack Bee Garland—to think about the potentials of trans/crip conjunctions. The author offers a recuperative reading of Sullivan's biography of Garland, From Female to Male: The Life of Jack Bee Garland, as not an impaired (but useful) work of historical recovery but an aesthetic object marked indelibly by Garland's cripped transmasculinity. More specifically, it attends to a period during which Garland used the “disability con” as a technology that scrambled the codes of gender, race, and class and, in so doing, allowed them to live—briefly in life, but indefinitely in the archive—a publicly nonbinary life. Garland's narrative, therefore, offers a compelling model of trans agency and authority that leans into, rather than flees from, the potentially disqualifying lumping together of disability/transgender.
Ensemble machine learning modeling for the prediction of artemisinin resistance in malaria
Authors: Ford Colby T. , Janies Daniel 
Published: January 2020

Resistance in malaria is a growing concern affecting many areas of Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Since the emergence of artemisinin resistance in the late 2000s in Cambodia, research into the underlying mechanisms has been underway. The 2019 Malaria Challenge posited the task of developing computational models that address important problems in advancing the fight against malaria. The first goal was to accurately predict artemisinin drug resistance levels of Plasmodium falciparum isolates, as quantified by the IC50. The second goal was to predict the parasite clearance rate of malaria parasite isolates based on in vitro transcriptional profiles. In this work, we develop machine learning models using novel methods for transforming isolate data and handling the tens of thousands of variables that result from these data transformation exercises. This is demonstrated by using massively parallel processing of the data vectorization for use in scalable machine learning. In addition, we show the utility of ensemble machine learning modeling for highly effective predictions of both goals of this challenge. This is demonstrated by the use of multiple machine learning algorithms combined with various scaling and normalization preprocessing steps. Then, using a voting ensemble, multiple models are combined to generate a final model prediction.
The Real Effects of Financial Statement Recognition: Evidence from Corporate Credit Ratings
Authors: Basu Riddha , Naughton James P. 
Published: January 2020

We examine whether the recognition versus disclosure of identical accounting information affects the credit rating process and ultimately corporate credit ratings. The primary input into corporate credit ratings is adjusted financial statements, which the rating agencies create by modifying reported financial statements to reflect credit-relevant items not recognized under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The rating agencies have claimed that this process means that accounting changes that move previously disclosed information onto firms’ financial statements have virtually no effect on firms’ adjusted financial statements or their credit ratings. We show that this claim is incorrect using the implementation of Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 158 (SFAS158). This standard did not prescribe any new financial information. Rather, it simply required the balance sheet recognition of a previously disclosed item. We find that firms recognizing an additional pension liability due to SFAS158 had lower leverage on the rating agency adjusted financial statements and received higher corporate credit ratings. This counterintuitive result occurs because the rating agency adjustments made before SFAS158 were punitive relative to the combination of the SFAS158 changes and the rating agency adjustments made after SFAS158. The difference in rating agency adjustments before and after SFAS158 was primarily due to rating agency adjustments in the pre-SFAS158 period that did not account for minimum liability adjustments, an aspect of pension accounting eliminated by SFAS158. Overall, our results indicate that SFAS158 generated real changes in rating agency adjustments and that these changes had real consequences for firms’ credit ratings. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
Payout Policy Trade-Offs and the Rise of 10b5-1 Preset Repurchase Plans
Authors: Bonaimé Alice , Harford Jarrad , Moore David 
Published: January 2020

We are the first to document and study the use of Rule 10b5-1 preset repurchase plans. Though the rule’s original intent was to clarify conditions for enforcing insider trading laws, generally thought to apply to individuals classified as firm insiders, we find strong use of the rule at the firm level to repurchase company stock. We exploit this new and widespread form of payout to examine an issue at the core of payout decisions—the trade-off between commitment and financial flexibility. Relative to open market repurchases, preset plans provide an expanded repurchase window and increased legal cover, albeit at the cost of reducing repurchase flexibility and the option to time repurchases. These costs and benefits are significantly associated with Rule 10b5-1 adoption: Firms with alternative sources of financial flexibility are more likely to precommit to a repurchase plan, as are firms with a history of poor repurchase timing and firms constrained by blackout windows. Consistent with preset plans signaling commitment, Rule 10b5-1 repurchase announcements are associated with greater and faster completion rates, with more positive market reactions, and with more dividend substitution than open market repurchases. Lastly, we find that preset repurchase plans represent a unique payout tool whose introduction encouraged a different set of firms to buy back stock and significantly altered the payout landscape. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, Finance.
Mid-infrared frequency comb with 6.7 W average power based on difference frequency generation
Authors: Catanese Anthony , Rutledge Jay , Silfies Myles C. , Li Xinlong , Timmers Henry , Kowligy Abijith S. , Lind Alex , Diddams Scott A. , Allison Thomas K. 
Published: January 2020

We report on the development of a high-power mid-infrared frequency comb with 100 MHz repetition rate and 100 fs pulse duration. Difference frequency generation is realized between two branches derived from an Er:fiber comb, amplified separately in Yb:fiber and Er:fiber amplifiers. Average powers of 6.7 W and 14.9 W are generated in the 2.9 µm idler and 1.6 µm signal, respectively. With high average power, excellent beam quality, and passive carrier-envelope phase stabilization, this light source is a promising platform for generating broadband frequency combs in the far infrared, visible, and deep ultraviolet.
FILOSOFI DAN PERWUJUDAN PRINSIP TAUHȊDULLAH,DANAL-‘ADÂLAH, DALAMIJÂRAH, DAN IJARAH MUNTAHIA BI-TAMLIK (IMBT)
Authors: Polindi Miko 
Published: January 2020

Paper ini menjelaskan tentang bagaimana filosofi dan perwujudan prinsisp Tauhȋdullah dan Al-‘Adalah dalam ijarah dan Ijarah Muntahia Bi-Tamlik (IMBT). Dalam pembahasannya mengemukakan tentang pengertian prinsip Tauhȋdullah dan Al-‘Adalah, pengertian ijarah, pengertian Ijarah Muntahia Bi-Tamlik (IMBT), dan perwujudan prinsip Tauhȋdullah dalam ijarah dan Ijarah Muntahia Bi-Tamlik (IMBT), serta perwujudan prinsip Al-‘Adalah dalam ijarah dan Ijarah Muntahia Bi-Tamlik (IMBT). Dan menyimpulkan bahwa Prinsip Tauhȋdillah sebagai suatu prinsip yang memberikan aturan yang mengikat antara manusia dengan Rabb-nya, dan prinsip Al-‘Adalah sebagai suatu prinsip yang akan memberikan dampak kerharmonisan kepada sesama manusia, karena dengan adanya nilai-nilai keadilan maka tidak akan ada pihak yang merasa dirugikan atau dizalimi. Sehingga dengan memahami adanya perwujudan Tauhȋdillah dalam ijarah dan Ijarah Muntahia Bi-Tamlik (IMBT), maka sistem ijarah dan IMBT akan diterapkan dengan benar sesuai dengan syariat Islam.
Unworthy of History? On the Absence and Stereotypical Images of Women Scientists in Light of the Historical Narrative in Middle and Secondary School Textbooks
Authors: Chmura-Rutkowska Iwona , Głowacka-Sobiech Edyta , Skórzyńska Izabela 
Published: January 2020

Our research project “Unworthy of History” focuses on discussing the historical narrative in Polishhistory textbooks that are used in teaching history at the middle school level. The aim is to analyze and describe ways of thinking about as well as presenting the role and place of women and men in history in schools. Research shows that women are portrayed in textbooks as playing a less important role than men – they are almost non-existent in public life. “(...) what is male is universal. What is female is accidental and secondary”. The few women that are mentioned in these textbooks are portrayed in traditional roles, usually family roles, and in those contexts and spheres of life that are culturally considered to be typically feminine. Women are not only under-represented in history textbooks; also, informationabout them is often distorted or simply untrue. The topic of the (in)equality between women and men as well as the history of women’s emancipation movements, which are related to the empowerment of half of humanity, is not considered worthy to be presented in Polish textbooks. Our presentation and study focused on the absence and stereotypical representations of women scientists in Polish history textbooks. The results reveal that although women could be as creative and hard working as men – not exclusively in the fields traditionally associated with women (e.g. Josephine Cochran invented the dishwasher in 1872, and Marion Donovan – disposable diapers in 1950) butalso in those associated with men (e.g. Mary Anderson created windshield wipers in 1903 and Grace Murray found the first computer bug in 1947) – their contribution to the development of societies is marginalised, trivialised or totally omitted by the authors Polish history textbooks. In every textbook analysed, men make up over 90% of characters introduced by name although they were not necessarily widely known. On the other hand, women who achieved professional success in science, art or social development get ignored.
Models of liability for the administrative tort sanctioned with ﬁ nancial penalties on the example of selected European countries
Authors: Staniszewska Lucyna 
Published: January 2020

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu są modele odpowiedzialności administracyjnej za naruszenia prawa publicznego w wybranych państwach europejskich, tj. Austrii, Czechach, Francji, Niemczech i Wielkiej Brytanii. We Francji i Wielkiej Brytanii wpływ na model odpowiedzialności wywiera orzecznictwo sądowe, natomiast w pozostałych państwach modele te są regulowane prawem stanowionym, jednakże w sposób fragmentaryczny. Niestety, bardzo często prawo stanowione nie zawiera ogólnych regulacji dotyczących kar pieniężnych. Jest to negatywne zjawisko zwłaszcza ze względu na to, że kary administracyjne są istotnymi instrumentami zapewnienia wykonania aktów administracyjnych oraz normatywnych. Podjęcie problematyki sankcji administracyjnych jest spowodowane wyraźną tendencją prawodawców w wielu państwach Unii Europejskiej do stanowienia kolejnych deliktów administracyjnych i kar za nie wymierzanych. Ustawodawca często jednak czyni to bez głębszego zastanowienia i zagadnienie to reguluje tak, by wymierzane kary realizowały interes publiczny i były zgodne z międzynarodowymi zasadami ochrony praw człowieka. Biorąc pod uwagę ciężar gatunkowy administracyjnych sankcji, zwłaszcza kar pieniężnych, należy wskazać, że negatywnym aspektem jest niedostatek regulacji prawnych w tym zakresie. Stosowaniu sankcji administracyjnych towarzyszą poważne dylematy związane z możliwością ich wymierzania z pominięciem zasady trójpodziału władzy, a także z gwarancjami charakterystycznymi dla spraw karnych. Pomimo licznych uwarunkowań administracyjnoprawnych, wpływających na cha-rakter prawny instytucji sankcji administracyjnych, charakteryzują się one cechami właściwymi dla spraw karnych. Złożoność ich konstrukcji staje się jednak w pełni widoczna dopiero w obliczu analizy różnorodnych modeli ich stosowania. Żaden z nich nie ujmuje jednakże problemu sankcji administracyjnych kompleksowo w taki sposób, by mógł on posłużyć przykładem dla innych porządków prawnych.Autorka opracowania postuluje przygotowanie ogólnych regulacji zasad stosowania sankcji administracyjnych w poszczególnych państwach europejskich w celu pełnej realizacji zasady ochrony praw człowieka i obywatela w sprawach represyjnych.
Istota i znaczenie (funkcje) zasad postępowania sądowoadministracyjnego
Authors: Wiktorowska Aleksandra 
Published: January 2020

There are two main platforms on which the role and importance of the principles of procedural law can be observed. One concerns the basic functions played by these principles, i.e. the function that orders the process, the function that shapes the process model, the interpretative function and the cognitive function. The other platform concerns the reference sphere i.e. a sphere to which these principles are or may be of importance owing to the functions they have. Thus it comprises the sphere of making and enforcing law and its criticism, the law teaching and researching sphere, the practical sphere, the political-ideological sphere and last but not least the sphere of codiﬁ ed and non-codiﬁ ed law. This division however is not absolute. There exists, for example, convergence between the sphere of law enforcement and law practice as well as between the sphere of law criticism and law teaching or researching. A similar convergence may be observed between the law making and the political-ideological spheres. The two platforms cross over and create meeting points in which individual functions of principles in relevant reference spheres may be marked. At the law-making stage, the ordering function harmonises legal solutions adopted in a legislative act whereas at the law-enforcement stage it facilitates construction of a legal text. The shaping of a model of proceedings in administrative courts by principles means that these principles make it possible to determine the structure of institutions and procedural solutions in proceedings before administrative courts, while the interpretative function occurs only in the sphere of law enforcement and criticism. The cognitive function is mainly signiﬁ cant for the law teaching and researching sphere, but also for the law practice, including criticism.
Adedokun Ogunfolu, Oludayo Fagbemi, I Have a Drone: The Implications of American Drone Policy for Africa and International Humanitarian Law (Mam drona: konsekwencje amerykańskiej polityki użycia dronów dla Afryki i międzynarodowego prawa humanitarnego), „African Journal of International and Comparative Law” 2015, vol. 23, iss. 1
Authors: Staniszewska Lucyna 
Published: January 2020

Adedokun Ogunfolu, Oludayo Fagbemi, I Have a Drone: The Implications of American Drone Policy for Africa and International Humanitarian Law (Mam drona: konsekwencje amerykańskiej polityki użycia dronów dla Afryki i międzynarodowego prawa humanitarnego), „African Journal of International and Comparative Law” 2015, vol. 23, iss. 1
Operador potencia como testigo de la decoherencia en la ejecución de la compuerta de Toffoli en una computadora cuántica de diamante
Authors: Soberanes Fabián , Ávila Manuél 
Published: January 2020

La computadora cuántica de diamante ha sido empleada exitosamente en diversos protocolos de información cuántica. Es usado un Hamiltoniano(H) típico de 3-qubits que componen una computadora cuántica de diamante, el cual consiste de términos diagonales y pulsos de Rabi que generan el giro de los espines de la compuerta de Toffoli. De tal Hamiltoniano es derivado el operador potencia y calculado su valor promedio como función del tiempo. Al resolver numéricamente la ecuación de Schroedinger, se demuestra que la compuerta de Toffoli no se ejecuta y que el operador potencia es testigo de la decoherencia de la ejecución de la compuerta Toffoli. Al depender el Hamiltoniano del tiempo, hay un intercambio de energía del sistema de tres qubits con el medio. Lo anterior induce la decoherencia del sistema. Se concluye que la tecnología de pulsos de Rabi tiene limitaciones.
Identification of Microstructures in 3-D–Printed Ti-6Al-4V Using Acoustic Emission Cepstrum
Authors: Nakkina Tapan Ganatma , Iquebal Ashif Sikandar , Gorthi Rama Krishna Sai S. , Bukkapatnam Satish 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Recent advances in smart hybrid machine tools allow the manufacturing of components with materials discovered on demand from certain common material precursors. Imperative to on-demand material discovery is the ability to probe and characterize the microstructure and salient properties of the materials as they are created. The article focuses on harnessing the complex spectral characteristics of high-resolution acoustic emission (AE) sensor signal generated during a nanoindentation-based scanning probe lithography process to classify the different surface microstructure types of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V components. We demonstrate that the low-frequency mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) provide highly informative signatures of the AE processes to make inferences about the microstructures. We also show that unlike the well-known time-frequency features of AE, including those gathered via spectrograms, the MFCC compactly capture the variation of the energies of different frequency bands and enable classification of different microstructure types with as simple classifier as logistic regression. Via extensive nanoindentation experiments and analysis of the AE signals, we identify the specific MFCCs that are most important for discriminating between two different microstructure types of Ti-6Al-4V with accuracies estimated via extensive cross-validation close to 100 %. The proposed approach of using MFCCs offers a fast and efficient way of identifying different microstructure types of a given material system compared with conventional approaches, such as X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.
Mobilidade político-religiosa na vida de Jerônimo de Stridon
Authors: Taborda Andréia Rosin Caprino 
Published: January 2020

Entre as várias formas existentes de mobilidade no âmbito histórico, apresentamos neste artigo sobretudo a mobilidade política e religiosa na vida de um personagem que viveu no século IV e V d.C.: Jerônimo de Stridon. A sua atuação enquanto homem altamente erudito, produtor de diversas obras cristãs, as suas extensas viagens por terras ocidentais e orientais, a assunção de cargos importantes na sociedade romano-helenística e as pessoas com as quais conviveu, apontam para uma forte movimentação em sua trajetória, característica do período em questão, a Antiguidade Tardia. O percurso de Jerônimo enquanto um indivíduo híbrido - cristão devoto de formação clássica pagã, e homem político e religioso atuante em seu contexto, representam as particularidades da época tardo-antiga romano-oriental, sendo a mais importante, ao nosso ver, a intensa efervescência de ideias dentro de um panorama de transformações e readaptações.Palavras-chave: Jerônimo de Stridon, Mobilidade político-religiosa, Antiguidade Tardia. AbstractAmong the many existing ways of mobility in the historical ambit, in this article we present mainly the political and religious mobility into the life of a person who lived in the IV and V centuries b.C.: Jerome of Stridon. His acting as highly erudite man, writer of many christian works, his extense travels in western and eastern lands, the assumption in important functions in the roman-helenical society and the people he lived with, point to a strong movimentation in his trajectory, characteristic of the period in point, the Late Antiquity. Jerome’s path as a hybrid individual – devout christian with a classic pagan formation, and active political and religious man on his context, represent the particularities of the late-ancient roman-oriental age, being the most important, in our perspective, the intense effervescence of ideas inside of a panorama of transformations and readaptations.Key-words: Jerome of Stridon, Political-religious mobility, Late Antiquity.