bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image‐guided core needle biopsy as the first‐line diagnostic approach in lymphoproliferative disorders—A review of the current literature
Authors: Seviar Dale , Yousuff Mehreen , Chia Zoe , Ramesar Keith , Newman Joel , Howlett David C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) and numerous expert guidelines for lymphoma diagnosis and subclassification advocate the use of histology from surgical nodal excision biopsy (SEB) over core needle biopsy (CNB) due to perceived higher diagnostic yield. CNB is associated with lower morbidity and is more cost‐effective compared to SEB. Furthermore, current practice increasingly demonstrates material obtained from CNB can rapidly diagnose individuals with a clinical suspicion of lymphoma and allow initiation of treatment in the majority of patients. We performed a literature review to assess the suitability of CNB in lymphoma diagnosis given recent advances in radiological and histopathological techniques in obtaining and processing tissue. Additionally, expert international guidelines in lymphoma diagnosis were compared. We found that CNB demonstrated a diagnostic efficacy between 79% and 97% (median 91%) where the diagnostic outcome was conclusive with full lymphoma subclassification. Studies demonstrate that there is a high diagnostic reproducibility amongst haematopathologists (87%‐93%) in lymphoma diagnoses with full subtyping from material obtained via CNB. Furthermore, CNB is a safe, rapid and reliable method of obtaining tissue from lymph nodes for histopathological analysis. These procedures are minimally invasive, well‐tolerated and should be considered the first‐line diagnostic approach in clinical practice in patients with suspected lymphoproliferative disorders.
Families Coping With Financial Loss Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Authors: Keating Kathryn Sweet , Becker Sarah , Davis Ifeyinwa F. , Chandler Thomas , Slack Tim , Beedasy Jaishree 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThis study examines family strategies for coping and adaptation to social disruption from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DHOS) in south Louisiana.BackgroundThe DHOS is a technological disaster of unprecedented scale and ongoing impact, including the socioeconomic disruption of families.MethodUsing data from focus groups, grounded‐theory methods informed a thematic analysis of spill‐related economic loss and coping mechanisms among families in the spill‐affected region.ResultsKey findings were as follows: (a) long‐term economic impacts persisted but were nuanced and differed across places; (b) for families living in multistressor environments, concerns about the DHOS spilled over into other aspects of social functioning and became enmeshed with perceptions of other environmental stressors; and (c) economic exposure after the DHOS affected families differently based on social position and community social structure.ConclusionThis study contributes to existing knowledge on technological disaster and family resilience in the face of environmental shocks and stressors, underscoring the utility of the conservation of resources model of stress in this area of research.ImplicationsThis research offers information about family‐level response to oil spill impacts and may be of interest to policymakers and practitioners who work to support resilience in disaster contexts.
Inter‐laboratory Characterisation of Apatite Reference Materials for Chlorine Isotope Analysis
Authors: Wudarska Alicja , Słaby Ewa , Wiedenbeck Michael , Barnes Jaime D. , Bonifacie Magali , Sturchio Neil C. , Bardoux Gérard , Couffignal Frédéric , Glodny Johannes , Heraty Linnea , John Timm , Kusebauch Christof , Mayanna Sathish , Wilke Franziska D. H. , Deput Ewa 
Published: October 2020

Here we report on a set of six apatite reference materials (chlorapatites MGMH#133648, TUBAF#38 and fluorapatites MGMH#128441A, TUBAF#37, 40, 50) which we have characterised for their chlorine isotope ratios; these RMs span a range of Cl mass fractions within the apatite Ca10(PO4)6(F,Cl,OH)2 solid solution series. Numerous apatite specimens, obtained from mineralogical collections, were initially screened for 37Cl/35Cl homogeneity using SIMS followed by δ37Cl characterisation by gas source mass spectrometry using both dual‐inlet and continuous‐flow modes. We also report major and key trace element compositions as determined by EPMA. The repeatability of our SIMS results was better than ± 0.10‰ (1s) for the five samples with > 0.5 % m/m Cl and ± 0.19‰ (1s) for the low Cl abundance material (0.27% m/m). We also observed a small, but significant crystal orientation effect of 0.38‰ between the mean 37Cl/35Cl ratios measured on three oriented apatite fragments. Furthermore, the results of GS‐IRMS analyses show small but systematic offset of δ37ClSMOC values between the three laboratories. Nonetheless, all studied samples have comparable chlorine isotope compositions, with mean 103δ37ClSMOC values between +0.09 and +0.42 and in all cases with 1s ≤ ± 0.25.
Relationship between chewing features and body mass index in young adolescents
Authors: Idris Ghassan , Smith Claire , Galland Barbara , Taylor Rachael , Robertson Christopher J. , Bennani Hamza , Farella Mauro 
Published: October 2020

SummaryBackgroundBehavioural aspects of chewing may influence food intake, nutritional status and in turn body weight.ObjectivesThe current study aimed to study chewing features in adolescents as they naturally occur in home‐based settings, and to test for a possible association with weight status.MethodsForty‐two adolescents (15.3 ± 1.3 years) were recruited (21 with healthy‐weight/21 with overweight). Using a smartphone‐assisted wearable electromyographic device, the chewing features of each participant were assessed over one evening, including the evening meal, in their natural home setting.ResultsThe mean (±SD) for chewing pace was 1.53 ± 0.22 Hz, chewing power 30.1% ± 4.8%, number of chewing episodes 63.1 ± 36.7 and chewing time 11.0 ± 7.7 minutes. The chewing pace of the group with overweight was slower than that of healthy weight (−0.20 Hz; 95% CI, −0.06 to −0.33; P = .005) while their chewing time was shorter (−4.9 minutes; 95% CI, 0.2‐9.7; P = .044). A significant negative correlation was observed between BMI z‐score and chewing pace (R = −.41; P = .007), and between BMI z‐score and chewing time (R = −0.32; P = .039).ConclusionThe current study suggests that adolescents who are overweight eat at a slower pace for a shorter period of time than their counterparts who are a healthy weight. This unexpected finding based on objective data appears to conflict with existing questionnaire findings but provides impetus for further work testing the effectiveness of changing eating behaviour as a weight‐management intervention in youth.
IL‐38: A novel cytokine in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis
Authors: Xu Wang‐Dong , Su Lin‐Chong , Liu Xiao‐Yan , Wang Jia‐Min , Yuan Zhi‐Chao , Qin Zhen , Zhou Xi‐Ping , Huang An‐Fang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIL‐38 is a newly identified cytokine that belongs to the IL‐1 family. In our previous study, we found elevated plasma levels of IL‐38 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the clear relationship of IL‐38 expression in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and clinical and laboratory features needs elucidation. Additionally, we evaluated the possible role of IL‐38 in regulating production of inflammatory cytokines in PBMCs in vitro. A pristane‐induced murine lupus model was used to further demonstrate the effects of IL‐38 on cytokines in vivo and discuss the significance of IL‐38 in lupus development. The results showed that mRNA expression of IL‐38 in PBMCs of patients with SLE was elevated compared with volunteers, and expression of IL‐38 in both plasma and PBMCs was strongly related to clinical features, such as haematuria and proteinuria, and correlated with a SLEDAI score. Plasma levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐23 were elevated in patients with SLE and were related to plasma levels of IL‐38. In vitro, PBMCs of patients with SLE stimulated with IL‐38 showed a decreased expression of the four inflammatory cytokines compared with PBMCs of patients without treatment. Interestingly, IL‐38 administration in lupus mice significantly reduced the development of lupus, such as reduced proteinuria, improved histological examinations of the kidneys and down‐regulated inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, IL‐38 may suppress synthesis of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and therefore regulate lupus pathogenesis.
Ferulic acid (FA) protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from H2O2‐induced oxidative injuries
Authors: Xie Kunpeng , Jin Bo , Zhu Haiyan , Zhou Pengyi , Du Liping , Jin Xuemin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of present study is to investigate whether Ferulic acid (FA), a natural polyphenol antioxidant, was able to protect ARPE‑19 cells from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‑induced damage, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Our results revealed that FA pre‐treatment for 24 hours can reverse cell loss of H2O2‐induced ARPE‐19 cells via the promotion of cell proliferation and prevention of apoptosis, as evidenced by 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end‐labelling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. Moreover, the addition of FA (5 mM) can decrease Bax and cleaved caspase‐3 protein expression, but increase Bcl‐2 protein expression in ARPE‐19 cells. Furthermore, H2O2‐induced oxidative stress in ARPE‐19 cells was significantly alleviated by FA, illustrated by reduced levels of ROS and MDA. In addition, the attenuated antioxidant enzymes activities of (SOD, CAT and GPX) and GSH level were reversed almost to the normal base level by the pre‐addition of FA for 24 hours. In all assays, FA itself did not exert any effect on the change of the above parameters. These novel findings indicated that FA effectively protected human ARPE‐19 cells from H2O2‐induced oxidative damage through its pro‐proliferation, anti‐apoptosis and antioxidant activity, suggesting that FA has a therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of AMD.
Adjustment of sex allocation to co‐foundress number and kinship under local mate competition: An inclusive‐fitness analysis
Authors: Gardner Andy , Hardy Ian C. W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHamilton's theory of local mate competition (LMC) describes how competition between male relatives for mating opportunities favours a female‐biased parental investment. LMC theory has been extended in many ways to explore a range of genetic and life‐history influences on sex allocation strategies, including showing that increasing genetic homogeneity within mating groups should favour greater female bias. However, there has been no quantitative theoretical prediction as to how females should facultatively adjust their sex allocation in response to co‐foundress number and kinship. This shortfall has been highlighted recently by the finding that sex ratios produced by sub‐social parasitoid wasps in the family Bethylidae are affected by the number of co‐foundresses and by whether these are sisters or unrelated females. Here we close this gap in LMC theory by taking an inclusive‐fitness approach to derive explicit theoretical predictions for this scenario. We find that, in line with the recent empirical results, females should adopt a more female‐biased sex allocation when their co‐foundresses are less numerous and are their sisters. Our model appears to predict somewhat more female bias than is observed empirically; we discuss a number of possible model extensions that would improve realism and that would be expected to result in a closer quantitative fit with experimental data.
GIP receptor suppresses PAC1receptor‐mediated neuronal differentiation via formation of a receptor heterocomplex
Authors: Ke Ran , Lok Samson I. S. , Singh Kailash , Chow Billy K. C. , Lee Leo T. O. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide (PACAP) receptor (PAC1R) is a class B Gprotein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) that is widely expressed in the human body and is involved in neuronal differentiation. As class B GPCRs are known to form heterocomplexes with family members, we hypothesized that PAC1R mediates neuronal differentiation through interaction with a class B GPCR. We used the BRET assay to identify potential interactions between PAC1R and 11 class B GPCRs. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (GIPR) and secretin receptor were identified as putative binding partners of PAC1R. The effect of heterocomplex formation by PAC1R on receptor activation was evaluated with the cyclic (c)AMP, luciferase reporter, and calcium signaling assays; and the effects on receptor internalization and subcellular localization were examined by confocal microscopy. The results suggested he PAC1R/GIPR heterocomplex suppressed signaling events downstream of PAC1R, including cAMP production, serum response element and calcium signaling, and β‐arrestin recruitment. Protein–protein interaction was analyzed in silico, and induction of neuronal differentiation by the PAC1R heterocomplex was assessed in SH‐SY5Y neuronal cells by measure the morphological changes and marker genes expression by real‐time quantitative PCR and western blot. Over‐expression of GIPR suppressed PACAP/PAC1R‐mediated neuronal differentiation and the differentiation markers expression in SH‐SY5Y cells. GIPR regulates neuronal differentiation through heterocomplex formation with PAC1R.
image
Imaging of muscle activity‐induced morphometric changes in fibril network of myofascia by two‐photon microscopy
Authors: Chaweewannakorn Chayanit , Harada Takashi , Nyasha Mazvita R. , Koide Masashi , Shikama Yosuke , Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Sasaki Keiichi , Kanzaki Makoto , Tsuchiya Masahiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMyofascia, deep fascia enveloping skeletal muscles, consists of abundant collagen and elastin fibres that play a key role in the transmission of muscular forces. However, understanding of biomechanical dynamics in myofascia remains very limited due to less quantitative and relevant approaches for in vivo examination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the myofascial fibril structure by means of a quantitative approach using two‐photon microscopy (TPM) imaging in combination with intravital staining of Evans blue dye (EBD), a far‐red fluorescence dye, which potentially labels elastin. With focus on myofascia of the tibial anterior (TA) muscle, the fibril structure intravitally stained with EBD was observed at the depth level of collagen fibrous membrane above the muscle belly. The EBD‐labelled fibril structure and orientation in myofascia indicated biomechanical responses to muscle activity and ageing. The orientation histograms of EBD‐labelled fibrils were significantly modified depending upon the intensity of muscle activity and ageing. Moreover, the density of EBD‐labelled fibrils in myofascia decreased with habitual exercise but increased with muscle immobilization or ageing. In particular, the diameter of EBD‐labelled fibrils in aged mice was significantly higher. The orientation histograms of EBD‐labelled fibrils after habitual exercise, muscle immobilization and ageing showed significant differences compared to control. Indeed, the histograms in bilateral TA myofascia of exercise mice made simple waveforms without multiple sharp peaks, whilst muscular immobilization or ageing significantly shifted a histogram with sustaining multiple sharp peaks. Therefore, the dynamics of fibre network with EBD fluorescence in response to the biomechanical environment possibly indicate functional tissue adaptation in myofascia. Furthermore, on the basis of the knowledge that neutrophil recruitment occurs locally in working muscles, we suggested the unique reconstruction mechanism involving neutrophilic elastase in the myofascial fibril structure. In addition to the elastolytic susceptibility of EBD‐labelled fibrils, distinct immunoreactivities and activities of neutrophil elastase in the myofascia were observed after electric pulse stimulation‐induced muscle contraction for 15 min. Our findings of EBD‐labelled fibril dynamics in myofascia through quantitative approach using TPM imaging and intravital fluorescence labelling potentially brings new insights to examine muscle physiology and pathology.
Compliance and health consequences of menopausal hormonal therapy after surgical menopause: A retrospective study in Thailand
Authors: Techatraisak Kitirat , Angsuwathana Surasak , Rattanachaiyanont Manee , Tanmahasumut Prasong , Indhavivadhana Suchada , Wongwananurak Thanyarat , Leerasiri Pichai , Jirakittidul Preeyaporn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo study compliance with menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT) until age ≥ 50 year and health consequences after surgical menopause.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 1000 consecutive surgically menopausal patients who underwent premenopausal surgery before 50 years of age from benign indications during 1996–2012 was performed. Main outcomes were number in year of MHT compliance and health consequences: hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia (DLP), ischemic heart disease (IHD)/myocardial infarction (MI), venous thromboembolism (VTE), stoke, osteopenia/osteoporosis, cognitive impairment/dementia/Alzheimer's disease (AD) /Parkinsonism and breast/other cancers. The MHT nonuser subgroup served as the control.ResultsOf the 1000 patients, 855 cases used MHT. The median overall follow‐up time from surgery for 145 MHT nonuser patients, 435 MHT users until age <50 year and 420 MHT users until age ≥50 year was 12.0 years. Compliance until age ≥50 year was only 49.1%. For MHT users, the overall median age of stopping MHT was 47.0 year with a median MHT use of 6.0 year. After age adjustment at the time of follow‐up of all subgroups by forward stepwise logistic regression analysis, the only significantly different health consequence was osteopenia (32.4%, 10.6% and 21.4% in the MHT nonusers, users until age <50 year and users until age ≥50 year, respectively [P < 0.001]). Prevalence of breast cancer, colon cancer and other cancers were not different among subgroups.ConclusionThe majority of patients used MHT with low compliance until age ≥50 year. In addition, MHT initiation after surgery possibly prevented osteopenia compared with MHT nonusers.
Optimization‐based three‐dimensional strut‐and‐tie model generation for reinforced concrete
Authors: Xia Yi , Langelaar Matthijs , Hendriks Max A.N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStrut‐and‐tie modelling (STM) is an effective and widely used method to design disturbed regions (D‐regions) of reinforced concrete structures. Among the various steps of STM, finding a suitable truss‐analogy model is the most challenging part. Even for experienced engineers it is difficult to find representative models for complex D‐regions, and this task is even harder for three‐dimensional (3D) D‐regions. To date, only a few 3D STM models have been proposed by researchers for several complex D‐regions, which leaves practitioners with little guidance. In order to solve this problem, a method is proposed to automatically generate 3D optimization‐based STM (3D‐OPT‐STM) models. The generation method comprises a compliance‐based topology optimization process that generates optimized structural forms by maximizing stiffness, a topology extraction method, and a shape optimization method. In this study, three 3D‐OPT‐STM models are generated for typical 3D D‐regions, and their performances are compared to manually created STM models. The generated 3D‐OPT‐STM models result in more economical designs. Moreover, geometrical and loading parameter studies demonstrate the applicability and robustness of the proposed method.
Role of diversification rates and evolutionary history as a driver of plant naturalization success
Authors: Lenzner Bernd , Magallón Susana , Dawson Wayne , Kreft Holger , König Christian , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr , Weigelt Patrick , van Kleunen Mark , Winter Marten , Dullinger Stefan , Essl Franz 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Human introductions of species beyond their natural ranges and their subsequent establishment are defining features of global environmental change. However, naturalized plants are not uniformly distributed across phylogenetic lineages, with some families contributing disproportionately more to the global alien species pool than others. Additionally, lineages differ in diversification rates, and high diversification rates have been associated with characteristics that increase species naturalization success. Here, we investigate the role of diversification rates in explaining the naturalization success of angiosperm plant families.

We use five global data sets that include native and alien plant species distribution, horticultural use of plants, and a time‐calibrated angiosperm phylogeny. Using phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models, we analysed the effect of diversification rate, different geographical range measures, and horticultural use on the naturalization success of plant families.

We show that a family's naturalization success is positively associated with its evolutionary history, native range size, and economic use. Investigating interactive effects of these predictors shows that native range size and geographic distribution additionally affect naturalization success. High diversification rates and large ranges increase naturalization success, especially of temperate families.

We suggest this may result from lower ecological specialization in temperate families with large ranges, compared with tropical families with smaller ranges.
Involvements of long noncoding RNAs in obesity‐associated inflammatory diseases
Authors: Wijesinghe Susanne N. , Nicholson Thomas , Tsintzas Kostas , Jones Simon W. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryObesity is associated with chronic low‐grade inflammation that affects the phenotype of multiple tissues and therefore is implicated in the development and progression of several age‐related chronic inflammatory disorders. Importantly, a new family of noncoding RNAs, termed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been identified as key regulators of inflammatory signalling pathways that can mediate both pretranscriptional and posttranscriptional gene regulation. Furthermore, several lncRNAs have been identified, which are differentially expressed in multiple tissue types in individuals who are obese or in preclinical models of obesity. In this review, we examine the evidence for the role of several of the most well‐studied lncRNAs in the regulation of inflammatory pathways associated with obesity. We highlight the evidence for their differential expression in the obese state and in age‐related conditions including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), sarcopenia, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, where obesity plays a significant role. Determining the expression and functional role of lncRNAs in mediating obesity‐associated chronic inflammation will advance our understanding of the epigenetic regulatory pathways that underlie age‐related inflammatory diseases and may also ultimately identify new targets for therapeutic intervention.