bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘I had never seen so many lobbyists’: food industry political practices during the development of a new nutrition front-of-pack labelling system in Colombia
Authors: Mialon Melissa , Gaitan Charry Diego Alejandro , Cediel Gustavo , Crosbie Eric , Scagliusi Fernanda Baeza , Perez Tamayo Eliana Maria 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:To identify and monitor food industry use of political practices during the adoption of nutrition warning labels (WL) in Colombia.Design:Document analysis of publicly available information triangulated with interviews.Setting:Colombia.Participants:Eighteen key informants from the government (n 2), academia (n 1), civil society (n 12), the media (n 2) and a former food industry employee (n 1).Results:In Colombia, the food industry used experts and groups funded by large transnationals to promote its preferred front-of-pack nutrition labelling (FOPL) and discredit the proposed warning models. The industry criticised the proposed WL, discussing the negative impacts they would have on trade, the excessive costs required to implement them and the fact that consumers were responsible for making the right choices about what to eat. Food industry actors also interacted with the government and former members of large trade associations now in decision-making positions in the public sector. The Codex Alimentarius was also a platform through which the industry got access to decision-making and could influence the FOPL policy.Conclusions:In Colombia, the food industry used a broad range of political strategies that could have negatively influenced the FOPL policy process. Despite this influence, the mandatory use of WL was announced in February 2020. There is an urgent need to condemn such political practices as they still could prevent the implementation of other internationally recommended measures to improve population health in the country and abroad, nutrition WL being only of them.
Impacts of Lower Thermospheric Atomic Oxygen on Thermospheric Dynamics and Composition Using the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model
Authors: Malhotra Garima , Ridley Aaron J. , Marsh Daniel R. , Wu Chen , Paxton Larry J. , Mlynczak Martin G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe exchange of energy between the lower atmosphere and the ionosphere thermosphere system is not well understood. One of the parameters that is important in the lower thermosphere is atomic oxygen. It has recently been observed that atomic oxygen is higher in summer at ∼95 km. In this study, we investigate the sensitivity of the upper thermosphere to lower thermospheric atomic oxygen using the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model (GITM). We use the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension (WACCM‐X) to drive the lower atmospheric boundary of atomic oxygen in GITM between ∼95 and 100 km and compare the results with the current mass spectrometer incoherent scatter (MSIS) driven GITM. MSIS has higher atomic oxygen in the winter hemisphere while WACCM‐X has higher atomic oxygen in the summer hemisphere. The reversal of atomic oxygen distribution affects the pressure distribution between 100 and 120 km, such that the hemisphere with larger O number density has stronger equatorward winds, and lower temperature mainly due to adiabatic and radiative cooling. This affects thermospheric scale heights such that the hemisphere with more O has lower N2 and thus enhanced O/N2. This behavior is observed in the opposite hemisphere when MSIS is used as the lower boundary for GITM. Overall, O/N2 for WACCM‐X driven GITM matches better with the global ultraviolet imager (GUVI) data. We find that the impact of lower thermospheric atomic oxygen on upper thermosphere is not just through diffusive equilibrium but also through secondary effects on winds and temperature.
Force and Energy Balance of the Dipolarization Front
Authors: Song Liangjin , Zhou Meng , Yi Yongyuan , Deng Xiaohua , Zhong Zhihong , Man Hengyang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe have performed a particle‐in‐cell simulation to understand the dynamic evolution of the dipolarization front during its early stage after ejected by magnetic reconnection, focusing on the force and energy balance around the dipolarization front. We track the temporal evolution of the force and different energy channels in the Lagrangian frame of the dipolarization front. We find that the curvature force continuously accelerates the dipolarization front moving outward, while the thermal pressure gradient force hinders the movement of the DF. The DF is accelerated outward because the total force is positive. The maximum value of Bz at the DF gradually increases during the outward propagation of the front. Although the dipolarization front is the site with significant energy conversion from the magnetic field to plasma, that is, J · E > 0, the compression of the magnetic field by the convergent flow at the front leads to the gradual enhancement of Bz. The released magnetic energy bulk accelerates and heats the plasma. The plasma thermal energy increases at the front that is primarily due to the work of the pressure gradient (v · (∇ · P) > 0), while the enthalpy flux emitted from the front reduces the thermal energy. Both the pressure‐strain interaction −(P′ · ∇) · v and the pressure dilation p∇ · v contribute to the ion and electron temperature enhancement. Our results are important for revealing the dynamic evolution of the dipolarization fronts and will aid us to understand the energy transport in the disturbed magnetotail.
Modeling Diffusivity Tests in Heterogeneous Aquifers: A Stochastic First‐Order Approach
Authors: Cheng Kan Bun , Dagan Gedeon , Rabinovich Avinoam 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe diffusivity test considered here consists of injecting (or pumping) a volume of water through short segments of a well for a short time and measuring the travel time of the peak of the head signal at different points in the surrounding aquifer volume. The specific storage is assumed to be constant, while the hydraulic conductivity of the heterogeneous aquifer is modeled as a random lognormal field. The axi‐symmetric anisotropic structure is characterized by a few parameters (logconductivity mean and variance and horizontal and vertical integral scales). The paper determines the mean and variance of the peak travel time as function of distance from an instantaneous source by solving the flow equation using a first‐order approximation in the logconductivity variance. The mean travel time is recast in terms of the equivalent conductivity, which decreases from the harmonic mean near the source to the effective conductivity in uniform flow for a sufficiently large distance. Similarly, the variance drops from its maximum near the source to a small value. Application to field test is discussed and topics of future investigations are suggested.
Routing valley exciton emission of a WS2 monolayer via delocalized Bloch modes of in-plane inversion-symmetry-broken photonic crystal slabs
Authors: Wang Jiajun , Li Han , Ma Yating , Zhao Maoxiong , Liu Wenzhe , Wang Bo , Wu Shiwei , Liu Xiaohan , Shi Lei , Jiang Tian , Zi Jian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe valleys of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) offer a new degree of freedom for information processing. To take advantage of this valley degree of freedom, on the one hand, it is feasible to control valleys by utilizing different external stimuli, such as optical and electric fields. On the other hand, nanostructures are also used to separate the valleys by near-field coupling. However, for both of the above methods, either the required low-temperature environment or low degree of coherence properties limit their further applications. Here, we demonstrate that all-dielectric photonic crystal (PhC) slabs without in-plane inversion symmetry (C2 symmetry) can separate and route valley exciton emission of a WS2 monolayer at room temperature. Coupling with circularly polarized photonic Bloch modes of such PhC slabs, valley photons emitted by a WS2 monolayer are routed directionally and are efficiently separated in the far field. In addition, far-field emissions are directionally enhanced and have long-distance spatial coherence properties.
Mint3 depletion restricts tumor malignancy of pancreatic cancer cells by decreasing SKP2 expression via HIF-1
Authors: Kanamori Akane , Matsubara Daisuke , Saitoh Yurika , Fukui Yuya , Gotoh Noriko , Kaneko Shuichi , Seiki Motoharu , Murakami Yoshinori , Inoue Jun-ichiro , Sakamoto Takeharu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal cancers without druggable molecular targets. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimeric transcriptional factor that promotes malignancy in various cancers including pancreatic cancer. Herein, we found that HIF-1 is accumulated in normoxic or moderate hypoxic areas of pancreatic cancer xenografts in vivo and is active even during normoxia in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. This prompted us to analyze whether the HIF-1 activator Mint3 contributes to malignant features of pancreatic cancer. Mint3 depletion by shRNAs attenuated HIF-1 activity during normoxia and cell proliferation concomitantly with accumulated p21 and p27 protein in pancreatic cancer cells. Further analyses revealed that Mint3 increased transcription of the oncogenic ubiquitin ligase SKP2 in pancreatic cancer cells via HIF-1. This Mint3-HIF-1-SKP2 axis also promoted partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness features, and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells. Even in vivo, Mint3 depletion attenuated tumor growth of orthotopically inoculated human pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells. Database and tissue microarray analyses showed that Mint3 expression is correlated with SKP2 expression in human pancreatic cancer specimens and high Mint3 expression is correlated with poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. Thus, targeting Mint3 may be useful for attenuating the malignant features of pancreatic cancer.
Machine learning for effectively avoiding overfitting is a crucial strategy for the genetic prediction of polygenic psychiatric phenotypes
Authors: Takahashi Yuta , Ueki Masao , Tamiya Gen , Ogishima Soichi , Kinoshita Kengo , Hozawa Atsushi , Minegishi Naoko , Nagami Fuji , Fukumoto Kentaro , Otsuka Kotaro , Tanno Kozo , Sakata Kiyomi , Shimizu Atsushi , Sasaki Makoto , Sobue Kenji , Kure Shigeo , Yamamoto Masayuki , Tomita Hiroaki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe accuracy of previous genetic studies in predicting polygenic psychiatric phenotypes has been limited mainly due to the limited power in distinguishing truly susceptible variants from null variants and the resulting overfitting. A novel prediction algorithm, Smooth-Threshold Multivariate Genetic Prediction (STMGP), was applied to improve the genome-based prediction of psychiatric phenotypes by decreasing overfitting through selecting variants and building a penalized regression model. Prediction models were trained using a cohort of 3685 subjects in Miyagi prefecture and validated with an independently recruited cohort of 3048 subjects in Iwate prefecture in Japan. Genotyping was performed using HumanOmniExpressExome BeadChip Arrays. We used the target phenotype of depressive symptoms and simulated phenotypes with varying complexity and various effect-size distributions of risk alleles. The prediction accuracy and the degree of overfitting of STMGP were compared with those of state-of-the-art models (polygenic risk scores, genomic best linear-unbiased prediction, summary-data-based best linear-unbiased prediction, BayesR, and ridge regression). In the prediction of depressive symptoms, compared with the other models, STMGP showed the highest prediction accuracy with the lowest degree of overfitting, although there was no significant difference in prediction accuracy. Simulation studies suggested that STMGP has a better prediction accuracy for moderately polygenic phenotypes. Our investigations suggest the potential usefulness of STMGP for predicting polygenic psychiatric conditions while avoiding overfitting.
Fabrication of multifunctional TANI/Cu2O/Ag nanocomposite for environmental abatement
Authors: Botsa Sathish Mohan , Basavaiah Keloth 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDuring past decade, the ternary nanocomposite is ubiquitous in nanotechnology. Herein, a simple fabrication of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles into Tetraaniline (TANI) matrix by in situ-polymerization approach to attain Tetramer-Metal Oxide-Metal (TANI/Cu2O/Ag, shortly TCA) ternary composite was reported firstly. The synthesized materials were further characterized by a series of instrumental techniques to understand its structure, morphology and thermal properties. This nanocomposite showed promising applications in wastewater treatment by the testing of photocatalytic activity over the pararosaniline hydrochloride (PRA) dye degradation under visible light radiations, removal of Cadmium ion (Cd2+) by adsorption, corrosion resistance and antibacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains. The obtained results of TCA compared with the pure TANI and binary nanocomposite (TANI/Cu2O) declared that the TCA composite is excellent material to solve the environmental issues due to lesser bandgap energy, visible light respond, high absorptivity, and long-life excitation.
Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of hip fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chou Ya-Shuan , Jiang He-Jiun , Chen Chung-Hwan , Ho Pei-Shan , Lee Tien-Ching 
Published: August 2020

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a high rate of comorbidity, including osteoporosis and peptic ulcers. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a group of acid-suppressing drugs commonly used for treating peptic ulcers. However, observational studies have reported an association between PPI therapy and osteoporotic fractures. This study investigated the association between PPI use and hip fracture (HFx) among patients with T2DM. We conducted this population-based propensity-matched retrospective cohort study using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Patients newly diagnosed with T2DM between 2000 and 2008 were identified. After excluding those who previously used PPIs or suffered HFx, 398,885 patients were recruited (44,341 PPI users; 354,544 non-users). HFx risk data from 2000 to 2013 were collected to calculate the cumulative rate of HFx in these two groups. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of PPI dose. After propensity score matching of 1:4, 44,431 and 177,364 patients were assigned to the PPI user and non-user groups, respectively. PPI user group showed an increased risk of HFx with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.41 (95% CI 1.29–1.54) without dose–response relationship. Thus, there is an increased risk of HFx in patients with T2DM receiving long-term PPI treatment.
Zona pellucida shear modulus, a possible novel non-invasive method to assist in embryo selection during in-vitro fertilization treatment
Authors: Priel Elad , Priel Tsvia , Szaingurten-Solodkin Irit , Wainstock Tamar , Perets Yuval , Zeadna Atif , Harlev Avi , Lunenfeld Eitan , Levitas Eliahu , Har-Vardi Iris 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated the association between oocyte zona pellucida shear modulus (ZPSM) and implantation rate (IR). Ninety-three oocytes collected from 38 in-vitro fertilization patients who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection were included in this case–control study. The ZP was modeled as an isotropic compressible hyperelastic material with parameter $$C_{10}$$

C
10

, which represents the ZPSM. Computational methodology was used to calculate the mechanical parameters that govern ZP deformation. Fifty-one developed embryos were transferred and divided into two groups—implanted and not implanted. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the association between ZPSM and IR while controlling for confounders. Maternal age and number of embryos per transfer were significantly associated with implantation. The IR of embryos characterized by $$C_{10}$$

C
10

values in the range of 0.20–0.40 kPa was 66.75%, while outside this range it was 6.70%. This range was significantly associated with implantation (p < 0.001). Geometric properties were not associated with implantation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis that controlled for relevant confounders indicated that this range was independently associated with implantation (adjusted OR 38.03, 95% confidence interval 4.67–309.36, p = 0.001). The present study suggests that ZPSM may improve the classic embryo selection process with the aim of increasing IR.
Prevalence of canine obesity in the city of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Porsani Mariana Yukari Hayasaki , Teixeira Fabio Alves , Oliveira Vinicius Vasques , Pedrinelli Vivian , Dias Ricardo Augusto , German Alexander James , Brunetto Marcio Antonio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCanine obesity is associated with comorbidities, a shortened lifespan, and a poorer quality of life, but epidemiological studies characterizing canine obesity in Latin America are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of canine obesity in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and the possible associated causal factors. Randomly-selected households from different city regions were visited. Dogs in each household were evaluated and owners completed a questionnaire whilst their anthropometric measures were taken. Total of 285 dogs from 221 owners were included, and the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 40.5%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was greater in female dogs (P = 0.003) and in dogs that were neutered (P = 0.001). There was also a positive association between BCS and frequency of visits to a veterinarian (P = 0.026), feeding frequency (P = 0.033), and higher snack intake (P = 0.011). Further, the BCS of dogs was greater when their owners reported consuming more snacks themselves (P = 0.005) and whose had a presence of elderly people in the household (P = 0.006). In conclusion, the prevalence of obesity found in a Brazilian metropolitan region was similar to that if other countries, and neutering and snack intake were associated with the development of this disease.
Consistent differences in a virtual world model of ape societies
Authors: Wilson Bart J. , Brosnan Sarah F. , Lonsdorf Elizabeth V. , Sanz Crickette M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPractical and ethical constraints limit our ability to experimentally test socioecological theory in wild primates. We took an alternate approach to model this, allowing groups of humans to interact in a virtual world in which they had to find food and interact with both ingroup and outgroup avatars to earn rewards. We altered ratios and distributions of high- and low-value foods to test the hypothesis that hominoids vary with regards to social cohesion and intergroup tolerance due to their feeding ecology. We found larger nesting clusters and decreased attacks on outgroup competitors in the Bonobo condition versus the Chimpanzee condition, suggesting a significant effect of feeding competition alone on social structure. We also demonstrate that virtual worlds are a robust mechanism for testing hypotheses that are impossible to study in the wild.
Intestinal microbiota changes in Graves’ disease: a prospective clinical study
Authors: Yan Hui-xian , An Wen-cheng , Chen Fang , An Bo , Pan Yue , Jin Jing , Xia Xue-pei , Cui Zhi-jun , Jiang Lin , Zhou Shu-jing , Jin Hong-xin , Ou Xiao-hong , Huang Wei , Hong Tian-pei , Lyu Zhao-hui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Graves’ disease (GD) occurs due to an autoimmune dysfunction of thyroid gland cells, leading to manifestations consistent with hyperthyroidism. Various studies have confirmed the link between autoimmune conditions and changes in the composition of intestinal microbial organisms. However, few studies have assessed the relationship between the GD and the changes in intestinal microbiota. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate changes in intestinal flora that may occur in the setting of GD. Thirty-nine patients with GD and 17 healthy controls were enrolled for fecal sample collection. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes of intestinal flora was performed on Illumina Hiseq2500 platform. Comparing to healthy individuals, the number of Bacilli, Lactobacillales, Prevotella, Megamonas and Veillonella strains were increased, whereas the number of Ruminococcus, Rikenellaceae and Alistipes strains were decreased among patients with GD. Furthermore, patients with GD showed a decrease in intestinal microbial diversity. Therefore, it indicates that the diversity of microbial strains is significantly reduced in GD patients, and patients with GD will undergo significant changes in intestinal microbiota, by comparing the intestinal flora of GD and healthy controls. These conclusions are expected to provide a preliminary reference for further researches on the interaction mechanism between intestinal flora and GD.
Compact triple‐band HTS filter with high selectivity using self‐coupled stepped impedance resonator
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Zhou Dongfang , Zhang Dewei , Liu Qing 
Published: August 2020

A compact triple‐band high‐temperature superconducting (HTS) filter with high selectivity based on self‐coupled stepped impedance resonator is proposed in this Letter. By folding the two‐opened arms of the λ /2 stepped impedance resonator, inter‐resonator coupling has been evolved. Due to theoretical analysis of the resonator, the first three resonant frequencies are used to construct three passbands with controllable frequency ratios and bandwidths by changing coupling coefficient, impedance ratios and length ratio. Finally, a triple‐band filter example with frequencies centred at 1.72/4.05/7.6 GHz (frequency ratios of 1:2.4:4.4) is designed, fabricated and tested, which has multiple transmission zeros and compact size. Good agreement between the simulated and the measured results validates the design method.
Effect of latitudinal differential rotation on solar Rossby waves: Critical layers, eigenfunctions, and momentum fluxes in the equatorialβplane
Authors: Gizon L. , Fournier D. , Albekioni M. 
Published: August 2020

Context.Retrograde-propagating waves of vertical vorticity with longitudinal wavenumbers between 3 and 15 have been observed on the Sun with a dispersion relation close to that of classical sectoral Rossby waves. The observed vorticity eigenfunctions are symmetric in latitude, peak at the equator, switch sign near 20°–30°, and decrease at higher latitudes.Aims.We search for an explanation that takes solar latitudinal differential rotation into account.Methods.In the equatorialβplane, we studied the propagation of linear Rossby waves (phase speedc <  0) in a parabolic zonal shear flow,U= −U̅ξ2< 0, whereU̅= 244 m s−1, andξis the sine of latitude.Results.In the inviscid case, the eigenvalue spectrum is real and continuous, and the velocity stream functions are singular at the critical latitudes whereU = c. We add eddy viscosity to the problem to account for wave attenuation. In the viscous case, the stream functions solve a fourth-order modified Orr-Sommerfeld equation. Eigenvalues are complex and discrete. For reasonable values of the eddy viscosity corresponding to supergranular scales and above (Reynolds number 100 ≤ Re ≤ 700), all modes are stable. At fixed longitudinal wavenumber, the least damped mode is a symmetric mode whose real frequency is close to that of the classical Rossby mode, which we call the R mode. ForRe ≈ 300, the attenuation and the real part of the eigenfunction is in qualitative agreement with the observations (unlike the imaginary part of the eigenfunction, which has a larger amplitude in the model).Conclusions.Each longitudinal wavenumber is associated with a latitudinally symmetric R mode trapped at low latitudes by solar differential rotation. In the viscous model, R modes transport significant angular momentum from the dissipation layers toward the equator.