bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response surface optimization of biodiesel yield from pre-treated waste oil of rendered pork from a food processing industry
Authors: Gumahin Arjun C. , Galamiton Jounnever M. , Allerite Meljane J. , Valmorida Rohoney S. , Laranang Jay-R L. , Mabayo Val Irvin F. , Arazo Renato O. , Ido Alexander L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, the waste oil of rendered pork (WO-RP) from a food processing industry was studied as a source of biodiesel. The WO-RP was characterized and was found to have a high acid value of 4.30 mg KOH/g. A pre-treatment using H2SO4was done through the standard titration method that resulted in a reduction of acid value to 0.75 mg KOH/g. The transesterification process over the KOH catalyst was carried out and optimized using the central composite design (CCD) using the Design Expert 7.0 software. The optimum conditions were found at 3:1 methanol–oil molar ratio, 0.55% catalyst loading, and 45-min reaction time. At optimum conditions, the biodiesel yield was 95.28 ± 0.15%. Its chemical characteristics were tested in terms of acid value at 0.75 mg KOH/g, ash content at 0.01 wt%, density at 0.86 g/cm3, HHV at 39.98 MJ/kg, water content at 0.10%, and kinematic viscosity at 6.9 mm2/s. The FAME profile shows the presence of linoleic, palmitic, oleic and stearic acid as major fatty acid components and functional group shows carbonyl group with traces of carboxylic at 1719 cm−1and the sharp peak of esters at 1749 cm−1indicating that the derived product is biodiesel.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in detecting wall invasion and differentiating bland from tumor thrombus during robot-assisted inferior vena cava thrombectomy for renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Qiu-Yang , Li Nan , Huang Qing-Bo , Luo Yu-Kun , Wang Bao-Jun , Guo Ai-Tao , Ma Xin , Zhang Xu , Tang Jie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Vena cava thrombus is one of the main clinical manifestations of locally aggressive renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Inferior vena cava (IVC) wall invasion and presence of bland thrombus could affect the surgical outcome. This study aims to assess the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in detecting wall invasion and differentiating bland thrombus from tumor thrombus during robot-assisted IVC thrombectomy for RCC.

Methods
The intraoperative CEUS findings of 60 patients with RCC accompanied by IVC tumor thrombus were retrospectively analyzed. The CEUS features were compared with the intra- and post-operative pathological findings. CEUS in patients with wall invasion showed that the tumor thrombus was enhanced synchronously with the IVC wall, and the continuity of the IVC wall was lost. In contrast, in patients without wall invasion, CEUS showed that the contrast agent could pass between the tumor thrombus and the IVC wall, and the continuity of IVC wall was good. Typically, contrast-enhanced perfusion was seen in tumor thrombus but not in bland thrombus. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of CEUS were statistically analyzed.

Results
The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the typical enhancement mode of CEUS were 93.1, 93.5, 93.3, 93.1, and 93.5% in identifying wall invasion and 100, 96, 96.7, 83.3, and 100% in differentiating bland thrombus from tumor thrombus, respectively. There were excellent inter-observer agreements for identifying IVC wall invasion and differentiating bland thrombus from tumor thrombus with kappa coefficients of 0.90 and 0.97.

Conclusions
The present study indicates that intraoperative CEUS plays an important role in robot-assisted IVC thrombectomy for RCC. It can detect wall invasion and differentiate bland thrombus from tumor thrombus, thus offering real-time information to the operator during surgery.
Factors affecting the fashion purchase decision-making of single Koreans
Authors: Lee Jiyong , Hwang Jinsook 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe number of single consumers in Korea has recently undergone a rapid increase, making this demographic a major consumer market. Through this study, we attempt to better understand this group by focusing on single consumers’ decision-making and the factors influencing their fashion purchases. To this end, we investigate the relationships between feelings of self-consciousness, information search tendencies, decision-making, and post-purchase satisfaction of single-person households after fashion purchases. Data were obtained from 717 questionnaire responses from individuals aged 20–49 years from single-person households. The results of the study showed that the relationship between private self-consciousness and introverted information searches was stronger than that between private self-consciousness and extroverted information searches. The relationship between public self-consciousness and extroverted information searches was stronger than that between public self-consciousness and introverted information searches. In addition, introverted information searches had a positive relationship with self-determination, while extroverted information searches were significantly related only to non-self-determination. Finally, the positive relationship between satisfaction and self-determination was stronger than that between satisfaction and non-self-determination. Overall, the study identified important factors affecting the decision-making process of single Koreans. These findings are vital for Korean fashion marketers, and managerial suggestions are included to implement marketing strategies to target single people.
Deterioration from healthy to mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease mirrored in corresponding loss of centrality in directed brain networks
Authors: Zhao Sinan , Rangaprakash D. , Liang Peipeng , Deshpande Gopikrishna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective
It is important to identify brain-based biomarkers that progressively deteriorate from healthy to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cortical thickness, amyloid-ß deposition, and graph measures derived from functional connectivity (FC) networks obtained using functional MRI (fMRI) have been previously identified as potential biomarkers. Specifically, in the latter case, betweenness centrality (BC), a nodal graph measure quantifying information flow, is reduced in both AD and MCI. However, all such reports have utilized BC calculated from undirected networks that characterize synchronization rather than information flow, which is better characterized using directed networks.

Methods
Therefore, we estimated BC from directed networks using Granger causality (GC) on resting-state fMRI data (N = 132) to compare the following populations (p < 0.05, FDR corrected for multiple comparisons): normal control (NC), early MCI (EMCI), late MCI (LMCI) and AD. We used an additional metric called middleman power (MP), which not only characterizes nodal information flow as in BC, but also measures nodal power critical for information flow in the entire network.

Results
MP detected more brain regions than BC that progressively deteriorated from NC to EMCI to LMCI to AD, as well as exhibited significant associations with behavioral measures. Additionally, graph measures obtained from conventional FC networks could not identify a single node, underscoring the relevance of GC.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate the superiority of MP over BC as well as GC over FC in our case. MP obtained from GC networks could serve as a potential biomarker for progressive deterioration of MCI and AD.
Data mining polycystic ovary morphology in electronic medical record ultrasound reports
Authors: Cheng Jay Jojo , Mahalingaiah Shruthi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, oligo-anovulation, and numerous ovarian cysts. Hospital electronic medical records provide an avenue for investigating polycystic ovary morphology commonly seen in PCOS at a large scale. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the performance of two machine learning text algorithms, for classification of polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) in pelvic ultrasounds.MethodsPelvic ultrasound reports from patients at Boston Medical Center between October 1, 2003 and December 12, 2016 were included for analysis, which resulted in 39,093 ultrasound reports from 25,535 unique women. Following the 2003 Rotterdam Consensus Criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome, 2000 randomly selected ultrasounds were expert labeled for PCOM status as present, absent, or unidentifiable (not able to be determined from text alone). An ovary was marked as having PCOM if there was mention of numerous peripheral follicles or if the volume was greater than 10 ml in the absence of a dominant follicle or other confounding pathology. Half of the labeled data was used to develop and refine the algorithms, and the other half was used as a test set for evaluating its accuracy.ResultsOn the evaluation set of 1000 random US reports, the accuracy of the classifiers were 97.6% (95% CI: 96.5, 98.5%) and 96.1% (94.7, 97.2%). Both models were more adept at identifying PCOM-absent ultrasounds than either PCOM-unidentifiable or PCOM-present ultrasounds. The two classifiers estimated prevalence of PCOM within the whole set of 39,093 ultrasounds to be 44% PCOM-absent, 32% PCOM-unidentifiable, and 24% PCOM-present.ConclusionsAlthough accuracy measured on the test set and inter-rater agreement between the two classifiers (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.988) was high, a major limitation of our approach is that it uses the ultrasound report text as a proxy and does not directly count follicles from the ultrasound images themselves.
A randomized trial comparing the Tennant Biomodulator to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and traditional Chinese acupuncture for the treatment of chronic pain in military service members
Authors: Peacock Kimberly S. , Stoerkel Erika , Libretto Salvatore , Zhang Weimin , Inman Alice , Schlicher Michael , Cowsar John D. , Eddie David , Walter Joan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The present investigation tested the efficacy of the Tennant Biomodulator, a novel pain management intervention that uses biofeedback-modulated electrical stimulation, to reduce chronic pain and its psychosocial sequelae in a sample of current and former military service members. The Tennant Biomodulator used on its most basic setting was compared to two commonly used, non-pharmacological pain treatments—traditional Chinese acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)—in a comparative efficacy, randomized, open-label trial.

Methods
Participants included 100 active duty and retired service men and women with chronic pain undergoing treatment at the Brooke Army Medical Center in Texas, USA, randomly assigned to receive six, weekly sessions of either Tennant Biomodulator treatment, traditional Chinese acupuncture, or TENS, in addition to usual care. Recruitment was conducted between May 2010 to September 2013. Outcome measures were collected at intake, before and after each treatment session, and at a 1-month follow-up. Intent-to-treat analyses were used throughout, with mixed models used to investigate main effects of group, time, and group × time interactions with consideration given to quadratic effects. Outcomes measured included ratings of chronic pain, pain-related functional disability, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression.

Results
On average, regardless of their treatment group, participants exhibited a 16% reduction in pain measured by the Brooke Army Medical Center’s Clinic Pain Log [F(1, 335) = 55.7, P <  0.0001] and an 11% reduction in pain-related disability measured by the Million Visual Analog Scale [MVAS: F(1, 84) = 28.3, P <  0.0001] from baseline to the end of treatment, but no one treatment performed better than the other, and the reductions in pain and pain-related disability were largely lost by 1-month follow-up. Symptoms of PTSD and depression did not change significantly as a function of time or group.

Conclusions
Findings build on previous work suggesting that traditional Chinese acupuncture and TENS can reduce pain and its functional sequelae without risks associated with pharmacological pain management. The Tennant Biomodulator used on its most basic setting performs as well as these other interventions. Based on the present findings, large, randomized controlled trials on the Tennant Biomodulator are indicated. Future work should test this device using its full range of settings for pain-related psychological health.

Trial registration
Clincialtrials.gov (NCT01752010); registered December 14, 2012.
Relationship between the effects of food on the pharmacokinetics of oral antineoplastic drugs and their physicochemical properties
Authors: Omachi Fukiko , Kaneko Masaki , Iijima Ryosuke , Watanabe Machiko , Itagaki Fumio 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Food is known to affect drug absorption by delaying gastric emptying time, altering gastrointestinal pH, stimulating bile flow, increasing splanchnic blood flow, or physically interacting with drugs. Although food is known to affect the pharmacokinetics of oral antineoplastic drugs, the relationship between the effects of food and the physicochemical properties of drugs remains unclear.

Methods
In this study, we surveyed the literature on three kinds of pharmacokinetic changes, AUC ratio, Cmax ratio and Tmax ratio, in the fasted and fed state for 72 oral antineoplastic drugs that were listed on the drug price standard in May 2018 in Japan. We further predicted the physicochemical properties from the 2D chemical structure of the antineoplastic drugs using in silico predictions.

Results
As a result of analyzing the relationship between the effects of food and physicochemical properties, we found that compounds that show increased absorption in the fed state had higher logP and lower solubility in fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF). However, compounds with delayed absorption had higher solubility in FaSSIF. Furthermore, as a result of decision tree analysis, it was classified as AUC increase with logP ≥4.34. We found that an AUC increase in the fed state did not occur with compounds with low lipid solubilities (logP < 1.59). From these results, it is predicted that 7 compounds out of the 24 compounds for which the effects of food are unknown are at risk for increased absorption in the fed state and that no increase in absorption would occur in 13 compounds.

Conclusion
In this study, we found that drugs that will show increased absorption in the fed state and drugs for which absorption is not dependent on food can generally be predicted by logP. These results suggest that logP can be a useful parameter for predicting the effects of food on drug absorption.
Right inferior phrenic artery pseudoaneurysm after a laparoscopic gastrectomy: a case report
Authors: Funakoshi Kaoruko , Ishibashi Yuji , Yoshimura Shuntaro , Yamazaki Ryoto , Hatao Fumihiko , Morita Yasuhiro , Imamura Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Ruptured pseudoaneurysms are a rare complication of gastrectomy, but when they do develop, they are often fatal. We presented herein the first report of a case of pseudoaneurysm arising from the right inferior phrenic artery (RIPA) after a laparoscopic gastrectomy.

Case presentation
A 61-year-old male patient underwent a laparoscopic distal gastrectomy and D1+ lymph node dissection with Roux-en-Y reconstruction for early gastric cancer. He was discharged on postoperative day (POD) 9 without any complications, such as anastomotic or pancreatic leakage. On POD 19, he was referred to the emergency room for upper abdominal pain. Enhanced abdominal computed tomography revealed a 60 × 70 mm hematoma, indicating intra-abdominal bleeding and a 10-mm pseudoaneurysm in the RIPA. Selective digital subtraction angiography confirmed the presence of a pseudoaneurysm in the RIPA, which was embolized using multiple microcoils. Thereafter, no clinical signs were observed, and the patient was discharged from the hospital 15 days after angiography without any recurrence of bleeding. We hypothesized that the cause of the pseudoaneurysm was mechanical vascular injury due to the thermal spread of the ultrasonically activated devices (USADs) during lymphatic node dissection.

Conclusion
Given the thermal spread of USADs, safe and appropriate lymph node dissection based on precise anatomical knowledge is crucial to preventing postoperative pseudoaneurysms.
Characterization of in-vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing potential of different extracts of Cheilanthes tenuifolia and Stigmasterol isolation from n-hexane extract
Authors: Mahfuz Ananna , Salam Fayad Bin Abdus , Deepa Kanij Nahar , Hasan A. H. M. Nazmul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCheilanthes tenuifolia, a member of the Pteridaceae family, is an evergreen and small fern could be abundant of bioactive compounds. The present study was designed to investigate its many therapeutic properties and isolation of bioactive compounds from extracts ofCheilanthes tenuifolia.MethodsThe dried coarse plant powder was extracted with methanol and dried with rotary evaporator. The extract was further partitioned according to the increasing polarity: N-hexane < chloroform < ethyl-acetate < methanol by modified Kupchan method. Then each extract fractions were investigated for their pharmacologic properties. Compounds were isolated from n-hexane fraction through column chromatography, followed by TLC and structure was determined by analysis of sample using1H-NMR and matched with published phytochemistry report.ResultsMethanol fraction ofCheilanthes tenuifoliashowed highest amount of total phenol content (11.32 ± 0.28 mg/gm GAE) followed by chloroform fraction (9.71 ± 0.31 mg/gm GAE) > N-hexane fraction (6.69 ± 0.67 mg/gm GAE) > ethyl acetate fraction (5.36 ± 0.54 mg/gm GAE). The methanol fraction ofCheilanthes tenuifoliapossessed highest amount (7.11 ± 0.52 mg/gm QE) of total flavonoid content. Our present study indicates that methanol extract was most potent (IC50 = 9.926 μg/ml) inhibitor of DPPH free radicals. In brine shrimp lethality bio assay, all the extracts showed dose dependent increment of mortality and chloroform extract was found most cytotoxic (LC50= 34.493 μg/ml) compared to other plant extracts. The chloroform fraction ofCheilanthes tenuifoliawas most potent in terms of thrombolytic activity. A compound was isolated (CT-2) using column chromatography followed by TCL and PTLC (35% pet ether in CHCl3) and analyzed by1H-NMR. The structure of stigmasterol was confirmed by comparing the1H-NMR data with previously published phytochemistry report.ConclusionCheilanthes tenuifoliacould be a potential candidate for bioactive compounds and further studies on isolation and characterization of its bioactive compounds are highly required.
Contested externalisation: responses to global inequalities
Authors: Faist Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhat is new about contemporary remote control across borders? An important element is the reference to human rights norms by various political actors such as NGOs, migrant associations but also national governments, international organisations and an activist judiciary. It is evident that externalisation policies mirror stark power asymmetries of the global and regional political orders, and thus reflect social inequalities more generally. The contestation around externalized migration control has gone through several periods. Integral to an understanding of control are the practices of migrants themselves, how they seek to circumvent controls or even resist. Thinking further ahead, we may conceive of the border as a paradox, involving both connecting and separating humans and artefacts. Such an understanding of border allows for the possibility of coexistence; difference between two or more entities being a requirement. The border does not belong to either side. How to imagine such a type of border between states is a formidable challenge to social theory.
Orbicularis oris muscle reconstruction and cheiloplasty with Z-plasty in a patient with a transverse facial cleft
Authors: Koh Sung-Hyuk , Jeong Yeon-Woo , Han Jeong Joon , Jung Seunggon , Kook Min-Suk , Oh Hee-Kyun , Park Hong-Ju 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Transverse facial clefts are Tessier’s number 7 facial cleft among numbers 1–15 in Tessier’s classification of craniofacial malformations, which varies from a simple widening oral commissure to a complete fissure extending towards the external ear.

Case presentation
In a patient with a transverse facial cleft, to functionally arrange the orbicularis oris muscle and form the oral commissure naturally, we performed a surgical procedure including orbicularis oris muscle reconstruction and cheiloplasty with Z-plasty.

Conclusion
We achieved good results functionally and esthetically by orbicularis oris muscle reconstruction and cheiloplasty with Z-plasty. The surgical modality of our anatomical repair and 3 months follow-up results are presented.
Anterior hyaloid membrane dissection using the conventional surgical microscope: a novel surgical approach in 2 patients
Authors: Ajlan Radwan S. , Luvisi Joey 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
To describe the dissection and removal of the anterior hyaloid membrane using the conventional surgical microscope.

Case presentation
This microscopic surgical approach involves dissecting the anterior hyaloid at the natural anatomical plane. A 30-gauge needle mounted on a 3.0 cc syringe is used to inject filtered air anterior to the anterior hyaloid membrane. Two patients needed this procedure; the first patient was pseudophakic with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, tractional retinal detachment, and vitreous hemorrhage. The second patient was phakic with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and recurrent vitreous hemorrhage. Both patients tolerated the procedure well with no complications.

Conclusion
Pneumatic dissection of the anterior hyaloid membrane is previously thought to be only possible with the aid of ophthalmic endoscopy. This novel surgical approach provides surgeons with the option to perform pneumatic dissection of the anterior hyaloid when ophthalmic endoscopy is not available. Prospective studies are needed to reveal possible additional benefits or risks associated with this approach.