bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older care home residents’ and their relatives’ knowledge, understanding and views of shift handovers: an exploratory, focused-ethnographic qualitative study using interviews and observations
Authors: Orellana Katharine , Lipman Valerie , Manthorpe Jill , Moriarty Jo , Norrie Caroline , Elaswarapu Rekha 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate residents’ and relatives’ views and experiences of handovers in care homes. This paper reports residents’ and relatives’ awareness of handovers, knowledge of and views on handover practices and purpose, and views on handover effectiveness. Outcomes, safety and satisfaction in clinical settings are influenced by shift handovers. Despite this link with quality, residents’ increasing support needs and the provision of 24 hours care in care homes for older people, little is known about handovers in these settings from a resident and visiting relative perspective.SettingFive purposively sampled care homes for older people in South East England.ParticipantsHome managers (n=5), residents (n=16) relatives of residents (n=10) were interviewed; residents (n=15) and their interactions with staff were observed during handover periods. Participation was voluntary and subject to consent. Residents were identified by managers as having mental capacity to take a decision about participation which was then assessed. An ethnographic approach to data collection was taken, preceded by an evidence review.ResultsShift handovers were largely invisible processes to participating residents and relatives, many of whom had given little thought to handover practice, logistics or effectiveness prior to study participation. Their awareness and understanding of handovers, handover practices, and handover purpose and effectiveness varied. There appeared to be an underlying assumption that administrative procedures in care homes would operate without input from residents or relatives. A small number of residents, however, were highly aware of the routine of handovers and the implications of this for the timing of and response to their requests for care or support.ConclusionsThe care home setting and perspectives of the effectiveness of handovers may influence awareness of, knowledge of and levels of interest in involvement in handovers.
Cost-effectiveness of telephone coaching for physically inactive ambulatory care hospital patients: economic evaluation alongside the Healthy4U randomised controlled trial
Authors: Barrett Stephen , Begg Stephen , O'Halloran Paul , Kingsley Michael 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo assess whether telephone coaching is a cost-effective method for increasing physical activity and health-related quality of life for insufficiently active adults presenting to an ambulatory care clinic in a public hospital.DesignAn economic evaluation was performed alongside a randomised controlled trial.SettingParticipants were recruited from an ambulatory care clinic in a public hospital in regional Australia.ParticipantsSeventy-two adults (aged 18–69) deemed insufficiently physically active via self-report.InterventionsParticipants were randomised to either an intervention group that received an education session and eight sessions of telephone coaching over a 12-week period, or to a control group that received the education session only. The intervention used in the telephone coaching was integrated motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioural therapy.Outcome measuresThe primary health outcome was change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), objectively measured via accelerometry. The secondary outcome was the quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) determined by the 12-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire. Outcome data were measured at baseline, postintervention (3 months) and follow-up (6 months). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for each outcome. Non-parametric bootstrapping techniques and sensitivity analyses were performed to account for uncertainty.ResultsThe mean intervention cost was $279±$13 per person. At 6 months follow-up, relative to control, the intervention group undertook 18 more minutes of daily MVPA at an ICER of $15/min for each additional minute of MVPA. With regard to QALYs, the intervention yielded an ICER of $36 857 per QALY gained. Sensitivity analyses indicated that results were robust to varied assumptions.ConclusionTelephone coaching was a low-cost strategy for increasing MVPA and QALYs in insufficiently physically active ambulatory care hospital patients. Additional research could explore the potential economic impact of the intervention from a broader healthcare perspective.Trial registration numberANZCTR: ACTRN12616001331426.
Molecular point-of-care testing for influenza A/B and respiratory syncytial virus: comparison of workflow parameters for the ID Now and cobas Liat systems
Authors: Young Stephen , Phillips Jamie , Griego-Fullbright Christen , Wagner Aaron , Jim Patricia , Chaudhuri Sheena , Tang Shaowu , Sickler Joanna 
Published: December 2019

AimsPoint-of-care (POC) tests for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) offer the potential to improve patient management and antimicrobial stewardship. Studies have focused on performance; however, no workflow assessments have been published comparing POC molecular tests. This study compared the Liat and ID Now systems workflow, to assist end-users in selecting an influenza and/or RSV POC test.MethodsStaffing, walk-away and turnaround time (TAT) of the Liat and ID Now systems were determined using 40 nasopharyngeal samples, positive for influenza or RSV. The ID Now system requires separate tests for influenza and RSV, so parallel (two instruments) and sequential (one instrument) workflows were evaluated.ResultsThe ID Now ranged 4.1–6.2 min for staffing, 1.9–10.9 min for walk-away and 6.4–15.8 min for TAT per result. The Liat ranged 1.1–1.8 min for staffing, 20.0–20.5 min for walk-away and 21.3–22.0 min for TAT. Mean walk-away time comprised 38.0% (influenza positive) and 68.1% (influenza negative) of TAT for ID Now and 93.7% (influenza/RSV) for Liat. The ID Now parallel workflow resulted in medians of 5.9 min for staffing, 9.7 min for walk-away and 15.6 min for TAT. Assuming prevalence of 20% influenza and 20% RSV, the ID Now sequential workflow resulted in medians of 9.4 min for staffing, 17.4 min for walk-away, and 27.1 min for TAT.ConclusionsThe ID Now and Liat systems offer different workflow characteristics. Key considerations for implementation include value of both influenza and RSV results, clinical setting, staffing capacity, and instrument(s) placement.
Evaluation of a gender-affirming healthcare curriculum for second-year medical students
Authors: Thompson Hale , Coleman Jennifer A , Iyengar Ravi M , Phillips Shay , Kent Paul M , Sheth Neeral 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTransgender medicine is an emergent subfield with clearly identified educational gaps.AimsThis manuscript evaluates a gender-affirming healthcare curriculum for second-year medical (M2) students.MethodsStudents received a survey assessing Gender Identity Competency in terms of skills, knowledge and attitudes regarding transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) issues. The authors administered the survey before and after the delivery of the curriculum. The curriculum included five online modules, a quiz, a 3-hour case-based workshop and a 2-hour interactive patient-provider panel.ResultsApproximately 60% of M2 students (n=77) completed both preassessments and postassessments. The following showed a statistically significant improvement from preassessment to postassessment: student Gender Identity Competency, t(76) = −11.07, p&lt;0.001; skills, t(76) = −15.22, p&lt;0.001; and self-reported knowledge, t(76) = −4.36, p&lt;0.001. Negative attitudes did not differ (p=0.378). Interest in TGNC issues beyond healthcare settings did not change (p=0.334). M2 students reported a significant change in experience role-playing chosen pronouns in a clinical setting, t(76) = −8.95, p&lt;0.001.ConclusionsThe curriculum improved students’ gender-affirming medical competency, knowledge and skills. The development of a sustained, longitudinal curriculum is recommended in addition to the continuing education of faculty to reinforce this expanding knowledge and skills base and to address discomfort working with this population.
NNLO charmed-meson fragmentation functions and their uncertainties in the presence of meson mass corrections
Authors: Salajegheh Maral , Moosavi Nejad S. Mohammad , Soleymaninia Maryam , Khanpour Hamzeh , Tehrani S. Atashbar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to present new sets of non-perturbative fragmentation functions (FFs) for $$D^0$$D0 and $$D^+$$D+ mesons at next-to-leading (NLO) and, for the first time, at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in the $$\overline{\mathrm {MS}}$$MS¯ factorization scheme with five massless quark flavors. This new determination of FFs is based on the QCD fit to the experimental data for hadron production in the electron-positron single-inclusive annihilation (SIA). We discuss in detail the novel aspects of the methodology used in our analysis and the validity of obtained FFs by comparing with previous works in literature which have been carried out up to NLO accuracy. We will also incorporate the effect of charmed meson mass corrections into our QCD analysis and discuss the improvements upon inclusion of these effects. The uncertainties in the extracted FFs as well as in the corresponding observables are estimated using the “Hessian” approach. For a typical application, we use our new FFs to make theoretical predictions for the energy distributions of charmed mesons inclusively produced through the decay of unpolarized top quarks, to be measured at the CERN LHC. As a result of this analysis, suggestions are discussed for possible future studies on the current topic to consider any theory improvements and other available experimental observables.
Alleviating the B̄ → Dτντ and B̄ → D∗τντ puzzle in the MSSM
Authors: Boubaa Dris , Khalil Shaaban , Moretti Stefano 
Published: December 2019

We show that Supersymmetric effects driven by penguin contributions to the [Formula: see text] transition are able to account simultaneously for a sizeable increase of both branching ratios of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with respect to the Standard Model predictions, thereby approaching their experimentally measured values. We emphasize that a light chargino and neutralino, with masses less than 300 GeV, in addition to a large stau/sneutrino mass and a large [Formula: see text], are essential for enhancing the effect of the lepton penguin [Formula: see text], which is responsible for the improved theoretical predictions with respect to current data.
Crustal growth of the Eastern Dharwar Craton: a Neoarchean collisional orogeny?
Authors: Mohan M. Ram , Asokan Ajay Dev , Wilde Simon A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

The Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) is predominantly made of Neoarchean potassic granitoids with subordinate linear greenstone belts. Available geochemical and isotopic systematics of these granitoids suggest variations in the source and petrogenetic mechanisms. By compiling the available geochemical data, these granitoids can be classified into four groups, namely: TTGs (tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite); sanukitoids; biotite and two-mica granites; and hybrid granites. This classification scheme is in line with the global classification of Neoarchean granites, and enables the sources and petrogenetic mechanisms of these variants to be distinguished. Available geochemical, isotopic and geochronological datasets of these granitoids are integrated and the existing tectonic models for the Neoarchean EDC are reviewed. The variability of the EDC granitoids is ascribed to crustal reworking associated with the collision of two continental blocks. The tectonomagmatic evolution of the EDC is analogous to the development of the Himalayan Orogeny. Based on the evolutionary history of the Dharwar Craton, it can be concluded that convergent margin tectonics were operational in the Indian Shield from at least
c.
3.3 Ga and continued into the Phanerozoic. However, the nature and style of plate tectonics could be different with time.
Revitalizing exploration and redevelopment of deep carbonate targets in the Southern Apennines thrust belt (southern Italy): reappraising vintage data with modern approaches
Authors: Pace P. , Di Cuia R. , Mascolo V. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hydrocarbon distribution in the Southern Apennines thrust belt of Italy is directly related to the geological characteristics and complex evolution of the thrust tectonic pile involving units from different palaeogeographical domains. Within this structural–stratigraphic context, the main exploration target is represented by the carbonate units of the Apulian Platform, which contain the largest and deepest oilfields in the region.
By integrating different types (e.g. wells, seismic, maps, reports) of legacy public and confidential data of various vintages, the subsurface structural setting of the contractional Apulian structures around the Benevento Field in the Southern Apennines hydrocarbon province is reconstructed.
The discovery dates back to the early 1970s. The reservoir consists of Cretaceous–Lower Miocene carbonates at a depth of around 3000 m below sea level bearing both oil and gas. A new digital interpretation and integration, which takes into account the most recent understanding of the evolution of this thrust belt, has allowed reconstruction of the trap style of the Benevento Field and of the prospective (undrilled) structures in the surrounding area. A history of positive inversion tectonics is interpreted from a 2D kinematic restoration; this has important implications for both the structural style and the hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Southern Apennines thrust belt.
Luminance potentiates human visuocortical responses
Authors: Vinke Louis N. , Ling Sam 
Published: December 2019

Our visual system is tasked with transforming variations in light within our environment into a coherent percept, typically described using properties such as luminance and contrast. Models of vision often downplay the importance of luminance in shaping cortical responses, instead prioritizing representations that do not covary with overall luminance (i.e., contrast), and yet visuocortical response properties that may reflect luminance encoding remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined whether well-established visuocortical response properties may also reflect luminance encoding, challenging the idea that luminance information itself plays no significant role in supporting visual perception. To do so, we measured functional activity in human visual cortex when presenting stimuli varying in contrast and mean luminance, and found that luminance response functions are strongly contrast dependent between 50 and 250 cd/m2, confirmed with a subsequent experiment. High-contrast stimuli produced linearly increasing responses as luminance increased logarithmically for all early visual areas, whereas low-contrast stimuli produced either flat (V1) or assorted positive linear (V2 and V3) response profiles. These results reveal that the mean luminance information of a visual signal persists within visuocortical representations, potentially reflecting an inherent imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory components that can be either contrast dependent (V1 and V2) or contrast invariant (V3). The role of luminance should be considered when the aim is to drive potent visually evoked responses and when activity is compared across studies. More broadly, overall luminance should be weighed heavily as a core feature of the visual system and should play a significant role in cortical models of vision. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This neuroimaging study investigates the influence of overall luminance on population activity in human visual cortex. We discovered that the response to a particular stimulus contrast level is reliant, in part, on the mean luminance of a signal, revealing that the mean luminance information of our environment is represented within the visual cortex. The results challenge a long-standing misconception about the role of luminance information in the processing of visual information at the cortical level.
Effect of Cognitive Reserve on Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Recovery After Stroke
Authors: Shin Minyoung , Sohn Min Kyun , Lee Jongmin , Kim Deog Young , Lee Sam-Gyu , Shin Yong-Il , Oh Gyung-Jae , Lee Yang-Soo , Joo Min Cheol , Han Eun Young , Han Junhee , Ahn Jeonghoon , Chang Won Hyuk , Shin Min A , Choi Ji Yoo , Kang Sung Hyun , Kim Youngtaek , Kim Yun-Hee 
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose—
The theory of cognitive reserve (CR) was introduced to account for individual differences in the clinical manifestation of neuropathology. This study investigated whether CR has a modulating effect on cognitive impairment and recovery after stroke.

Methods—
This study is an interim analysis of the Korean Stroke Cohort for Functioning and Rehabilitation. A total of 7459 patients with first-ever stroke were included for analysis. Education, occupation, and composite CR scores derived from those 2 variables were used as CR proxies. Scores from the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination analyzed for 30 months after stroke onset were analyzed.

Results—
Lower CR increased the risk of cognitive impairment after stroke. The odds ratio was 1.89 (95% CI, 1.64–2.19) in patients with secondary education and 2.42 (95% CI, 2.03–2.90) in patients with primary education compared with patients with higher education. The odds ratio was 1.48 (95% CI, 1.23–1.98) in patients with a skilled manual occupation and 2.01 (95% CI, 1.42–2.83) in patients with a nonskilled manual occupation compared with patients with a managerial or professional occupation. In the multilevel model analysis, the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination total score increased during the first 3 months (1.93 points per month) and then plateaued (0.02 point per month). The slopes were moderated by the level of education, occupation, and composite CR score: the higher the level of education, occupation, or CR score, the faster the recovery. In the older adult group, the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination scores showed a long-term decline that was moderated by education level.

Conclusions—
Education and occupation can buffer an individual against cognitive impairment caused by stroke and promote rapid cognitive recovery early after stroke. In addition, higher education minimizes long-term cognitive decline after stroke, especially in older patients.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03402451.
Climate Models Permit Convection at Much Coarser Resolutions Than Previously Considered
Authors: Vergara-Temprado Jesús , Ban Nikolina , Panosetti Davide , Schlemmer Linda , Schär Christoph 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe “gray zone” of convection is defined as the range of horizontal grid-space resolutions at which convective processes are partially but not fully resolved explicitly by the model dynamics (typically estimated from a few kilometers to a few hundred meters). The representation of convection at these scales is challenging, as both parameterizing convective processes or relying on the model dynamics to resolve them might cause systematic model biases. Here, a regional climate model over a large European domain is used to study model biases when either using parameterizations of deep and shallow convection or representing convection explicitly. For this purpose, year-long simulations at horizontal resolutions between 50- and 2.2-km grid spacing are performed and evaluated with datasets of precipitation, surface temperature, and top-of-the-atmosphere radiation over Europe. While simulations with parameterized convection seem more favorable than using explicit convection at around 50-km resolution, at higher resolutions (grid spacing ≤ 25 km) models tend to perform similarly or even better for certain model skills when deep convection is turned off. At these finer scales, the representation of deep convection has a larger effect in model performance than changes in resolution when looking at hourly precipitation statistics and the representation of the diurnal cycle, especially over nonorographic regions. The shortwave net radiative balance at the top of the atmosphere is the variable most strongly affected by resolution changes, due to the better representation of cloud dynamical processes at higher resolutions. These results suggest that an explicit representation of convection may be beneficial in representing some aspects of climate over Europe at much coarser resolutions than previously thought, thereby reducing some of the uncertainties derived from parameterizing deep convection.
Impacts of North Pacific Subtropical and Subarctic Oceanic Frontal Zones on the Wintertime Atmospheric Large-Scale Circulations
Authors: Huang Jing , Zhang Yang , Yang Xiu-Qun , Ren Xuejuan , Hu Haibo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn oceanic frontal zone is a confluent region of warm and cool ocean currents, characterized by a strong meridional gradient of sea surface temperature (SST). High-resolution SST observations show that the wintertime North Pacific exhibits a unique double-oceanic-front structure, with a subtropical frontal zone (STFZ) and a subarctic frontal zone (SAFZ), whose impacts on the weather and climate over the East Asia–North Pacific–North American region need further investigation. In this study, we conduct groups of multiyear and ensemble simulations using a WRF high-resolution regional climate model, through which the different impacts of the STFZ and SAFZ on the wintertime atmospheric circulations are identified and compared. Our multiyear simulations show that the STFZ, although with weaker intensity, exerts evident and consistent impacts on the storm track and westerly jet in the North Pacific by enhancing and elongating the eddy activity, zonal wind, and Aleutian low. The SAFZ exhibits coherent impacts on the low-level atmospheric baroclinicity and storm track; however, its impacts on the upper-level storm track and atmospheric circulations are divergent, exhibiting strong year-by-year difference. Our study suggests that the SAFZ’s impacts on the atmospheric circulations strongly depend on the background mean state, which contributes to the divergent impacts of the SAFZ. Furthermore, our results highlight the role of diabatic heating for the above different impacts of the STFZ and SAFZ on the atmosphere. We argue that the much deeper diabatic heating induced by the STFZ, via affecting the baroclinicity through the whole troposphere, can exert consistent influence on eddy activities and atmospheric circulations.