bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0302 One Week of Recovery Sleep is Insufficient to Restore Sustained Attention Performance Following Three Weeks of Chronic Sleep Restriction
Authors: Yuan R K , Zitting K , Vujovic N , Wang W , Buxton O , Williams J S , Czeisler C A , Duffy J F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep loss negatively impacts many aspects of neurobehavioral performance, including sustained attention and reaction times. However, the time course of recovery from chronic sleep restriction (CSR) is not well understood. To explore this, we assessed the effects of 3 weeks of CSR followed by 1 week of recovery on psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performance in healthy adults.

Methods
8 healthy adults (27–71; 4f) participated in a 37-day inpatient study. The study consisted of 6 baseline (BL) days with 8–16 h time-in-bed, followed by 3 weeks of CSR (5-5.6h time-in-bed at night), and 1 week of recovery (RC; 8-10h time-in-bed). Sustained attention was assessed by 10-minute visual PVTs administered every 2h starting ~5h after wake (~4/day). Linear and generalized linear mixed models were used to compare average reaction times (RT) and number of lapses, respectively, from the last 3 days of baseline, CSR, and recovery.

Results
Average RT was almost twice as long at the end of CSR compared to baseline (p&lt;0.0001). Moreover, it remained significantly slower than baseline by roughly 173ms, even after 1 week of recovery (p&lt;0.0001). Similarly, there was a threefold increase in the number of lapses at the end of CSR compared to baseline (p&lt;0.0001) which remained elevated after one week of recovery (p&lt;0.0001).

Conclusion
One week of recovery sleep of 8-10 h/night following 3 weeks of chronic sleep restriction was insufficient for full recovery of sustained attention as assessed by PVT reaction time and number of lapses. This suggests that chronic sleep restriction has consequences on neurobehavioral performance that do not fully dissipate within one week.

Support
Study supported by P01AG009975 and conducted in the Brigham and Women’s Hospital Center for Clinical Investigation, part of Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center supported by UL1TR001102. KMZ supported by a fellowship from the Finnish Cultural Foundation. RKY supported by T32HL007901 and F32HL143893. NV supported by T32HL007901 and F32AG051325.
0320 Psychological Correlates of Morningness/Eveningness in Latinx Pre-Adolescents
Authors: Nguyen-Rodriguez S T , Buxton O M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Chronotype refers to a preference for morning hours (morningness) vs. evening hours (eveningness) when individuals tend to feel their best (e.g., higher energy levels). People may be classified at either end of this spectrum or along a continuum between these preferences. Among adolescents, eveningness is positively related to depression and anxiety, whereas morningness is negatively related to depression. However, less is known about the relationship of chronotype and psychological health in pre-teens and Latinx youth. The present study explored associations of morningness/eveningness with anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress among Latinx pre-adolescents in Southern California.

Methods
A purposive sample of 100 Latinx children, ages 10-12 years old, completed self-report surveys in their homes or a preferred location chosen by the parent. Measures included the Morningness/Eveningness Scale for Children (higher scores indicate morning preference), Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale (higher scores indicate higher anxiety, depression and stress, respectively). Associations were tested with Pearson correlations.

Results
The sample was 47% male with a mean±SD age of 10.9±0.8 years. Average score for morningness/eveningness was M=30.2±4.4 (range: 18-41), for anxiety symptoms was M=0.7±0.7 (range: 0-2.8), for depression symptoms was M=0.5±0.4 (range: 0-1.9) and for perceived stress was M=15.2±5.8 (range: 2-30). Greater morningness/eveningness scores, indicating more morningness, were associated with lower scores for anxiety symptoms (r=-.41, p&lt;.001), depressive symptoms (r=-.36, p&lt;.001) and perceived stress (r=-.33, p=.001).

Conclusion
As has been found for adolescents, higher morningness in Latinx pre-teens was related to less frequent anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as lower perceived stress. Youth experience a circadian phase delay during adolescence, shifting their preference toward eveningness, which may exacerbate stressors and negative mental health. Therefore, interventions to promote psychological well-being in pre-adolescents may help prevent worse psychological outcomes in Latinx children as they transition to adolescence.

Support
This work was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers UL1GM118979, TL4GM118980, and RL5GM118978.
0325 Better Aerobic Fitness is Associated with Distinct Sleep Characteristics in Children and Adolescents - A Pilot Study
Authors: Neikrug A B , Radom-Aizik S , Chen I Y , Stehli A , Lui K K , Chappel-Farley M G , Lim A N , Mander B A , Benca R M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Aerobic fitness facilitates brain synaptic plasticity, which influences global and local sleep expression. While it is known that sleep patterns/behavior and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep slow wave activity (SWA) tracks brain maturation, little is known about how aerobic fitness and sleep interact during growth and development in children and adolescents. The aim of this pilot study was to characterize relationships among aerobic fitness, measures of global/local sleep expression, and habitual sleep patterns in children and adolescents. We hypothesized that greater aerobic fitness would be associated with better sleep quality, indicated by increased SWA.

Methods
Twenty healthy youth (11-17 years-old, 11 female) were evaluated during summer vacation (no school schedule constraints). Aerobic fitness (VO2peak) was measured using ramp-type progressive cycle ergometry, habitual sleep (i.e., sleep-time consistency and circadian activity patterns) was assessed with 7-day actigraphy, and ad lib sleep was evaluated during overnight polysomnography (PSG) with high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG; 128 channels). Spectral analysis was implemented to quantify SWA (0.5-4.5Hz). Data were analyzed using linear regression analyses and exploratory independent samples t-tests.

Results
Negative correlations were observed between VO2peak and sleep measures including sleep-time consistency (partial r=-0.53, p=0.045) and timing/acrophase of the circadian activity rhythm (partial r=-0.64, p=0.01) while controlling for sex and age. Additionally, after accounting for Tanner stage and sex, data demonstrated significant effects in SWA at frontal derivations (p=0.024) between low and high fitness levels at topographically specific and meaningful EEG derivations, e.g. over frontal cortex.

Conclusion
These results suggest that children and adolescents with greater fitness have less variability in sleep-times (improved sleep consistency), tend to have a more advanced circadian activity phase (i.e., go to sleep earlier), and express greater frontal SWA, supporting the hypothesis that fitness is associated with improved local and global sleep quality. Future research with larger samples is necessary to further evaluate these relationships, and to determine if interventions that improve fitness also improve sleep and related brain plasticity.

Support
NCATS grant #UL1TR001414 & PERC Systems Biology Fund
0332 Effect of Prior Sleep Duration on Distinct Measures of Daytime Cognitive Performance in Late Adolescence
Authors: Campbell I G , Zhang Z Y , Cruz Basilio A , Lawrence-Sidebottom D , Van Dongen H , Feinberg I 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
A recent longitudinal study of sleep need changes across adolescence reported how prior sleep duration affects daytime sleepiness and vigilant attention in children ages 10-16 years. In a follow-up study, we extend the age range in a new group of participants and add additional performance tests. Here we report year 1 data on the effect of systematically varied time in bed (TIB) on daytime vigilance, working memory, and decision making.

Methods
Data are for 52 participants aged 15.0-20.4 years (mean±SD: 17.7±1.8 years). Annually, participants keep each of three different TIB schedules: 7h, 8.5h or 10h TIB for 4 consecutive nights. The 4th night is followed by a laboratory day of performance testing. The day includes four 10-minute psychomotor vigilance tests (PVT); a serial position Sternberg working memory task; and an AX continuous performance test with switch (AX-CPTs) measuring cognitive flexibility in decision making.

Results
PVT performance evaluated by the log of the signal to noise ratio (LSNR) improved monotonically with increasing TIB (p&lt;0.0001). TIB also affected serial position Sternberg task accuracy (p=0.008) but not the probe position effect (p=0.66), indicating that TIB did not affect working memory. TIB also affected AX-CPTs accuracy (p&lt;0.0001), but TIB did not significantly affect decision making and cognitive flexibility measures extracted from this task (all p&gt;0.09).

Conclusion
The initial data from this longitudinal study on older adolescents confirm what we observed for younger adolescents. Increasing TIB improves daytime vigilance but does not affect working memory. These initial results also do not indicate a TIB related improvement in decision making. Data from the entire three year longitudinal study will allow us to further investigate relations of performance to prior sleep duration and whether these relations change with age. Results from dose-response studies such as these can help guide sleep duration recommendations.

Support
PHS grant R01 HL116490 supported this work.
0333 Electronic Media Use is Associated with Poor Sleep In 3-6 Year-Old Children
Authors: Wong S , Hartstein L E , LeBourgeois M K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Recent surveys estimate that electronic media use among young children is increasing and that behavioral sleep problems are prevalent. In this study, we employed assessments of sleep and media use and tested the hypothesis that poor sleeping children would be more likely to engage with media than good sleeping children.

Methods
Participants were 44 children from two different cohorts: (1) Healthy, good sleepers (n=26, 13 males, 4.3±0.4 years) who reportedly obtained ≥10.5 hours per night and had no behavioral sleep problems and (2) Poor sleepers (n=18, 9 males, 5.5±0.7 years) who reportedly obtained chronic insufficient sleep ≤9 hours per night and/or had behavioral sleep problems for ≥6 months. Sleep duration and sleep onset latency (SOL) were quantified through 7 nights of actigraphy and verified with sleep diaries. Media use, defined as any electronic device involving screen time that engages children, was assessed across 2 weekdays and 2 weekend days through a parental media diary. Independent t-tests compared the duration of media use and actigraphy variables between groups.

Results
Poor sleeping children on average had longer SOL (28.6±17.9 vs. 17.3±8.66 minutes, t=-2.5, p&lt;0.05) and shorter sleep duration (589.6±37.5 vs. 627.4±27.4 minutes, t=3.7, p&lt;0.01) compared to good sleeping children. Additionally, average daily media use (125.1±88.5 vs. 66.5±48.3 minutes, t=-2.6, p&lt;0.05), evening media use (22.0±21.3 vs. 4.2±10.4 minutes, t=-3.3, p&lt;0.01), and weekend media use (154.4±105.9 vs. 79.8±55.6 minutes, t=-2.7, p&lt;0.05) duration was higher in poor than good sleepers.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that media use duration and timing likely play an important role in early childhood sleep health. Young children who use more evening media are more likely to take longer to fall asleep and have shorter sleep duration overall. Time displacement (time spent using media instead of sleeping), psychological stimulation, and the effects of screen light on circadian timing are potential mechanisms underlying these associations.

Support
NIH R01-MH086566 and R21-MH110765 to MKL
0342 Self-Silencing within Intimate Relationships, Sleep, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Midlife Women
Authors: Jakubowski K P , Chang Y , Barinas-Mitchell E , Matthews K A , Maki P M , Thurston R C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Social relationships are important for health. In some relationships, women learn to self-silence, or to inhibit self-expression to avoid conflict or loss. Self-silencing is associated with reported psychiatric and physical symptoms, but no studies have examined whether self-silencing is related to worse sleep or cardiovascular (CV) health. We tested relationships of self-silencing to sleep and carotid plaque in midlife women; secondary analyses examined whether sleep mediated or moderated relationships between self-silencing and plaque.

Methods
In an ongoing community-based study of nonsmoking women, 304 women aged 40-60 were assessed at baseline; 157 of these women have been assessed 5 years later. At baseline, women reported on self-expression in their current/last intimate relationship via the Silencing the Self Scale. At both visits, women provided self-reports (demographics, medical history, CESD depression, PSQI sleep quality), physical measures, actigraphy (total sleep time [TST], wake after sleep onset [WASO], and efficiency), and carotid artery ultrasound to quantify plaque. Relationships of self-silencing and subscales to sleep (subjective and actigraphic sleep at baseline and averaged across visits) and carotid plaque (0, 1, ≥2) were tested in linear regression and multinomial regression models, respectively, adjusted for demographic and health indices, including depressive symptoms and snoring.

Results
At baseline, women (72% White) were on average 54 years old; 44% reported poor sleep quality, 46% had plaque (24% score ≥2), and average TST, WASO, and efficiency were 6.2 hrs, 46 min, and 84%, respectively. At baseline, self-silencing (particularly the tendency to judge oneself by external standards) was related to worse sleep quality (p=.001), but better actigraphic WASO (p=.02) and efficiency (p=.02). Self-silencing was related to worse average sleep quality across visits (p=.001). Self-silencing related to higher odds of baseline plaque ≥2 [OR(95% CI)=1.14 (1.02,1.28), p=.02], yet sleep did not explain or moderate this relationship.

Conclusion
Self-silencing was associated with worse subjective, but better actigraphic sleep at baseline, and with poorer sleep quality over 5 years. Self-silencing related to carotid atherosclerosis, yet sleep did not appear to impact this relationship. Emotional expression is relevant to midlife women’s sleep and CV health.

Support
R01HL105647, K24123565 (RCT); RF1AG053504 (RCT & PM); T32MH018269 (KPJ)
0348 Sleep EEG-Based Brain Age Index is Reduced Under Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment
Authors: Sun H , Dunham K , Cunningham L , Ni Y , Westover M , Thomas R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a treatment for apnea. With long-term CPAP, changes in electroencephalogram (EEG) include increased delta power (1 - 4Hz) and sigma power (11 - 15Hz, spindle). However, the short-term EEG response to CPAP in a split-night study is less quantified. We recently developed a “brain age” model using sleep EEG features. The brain age index (BAI) is defined as the difference between chronological age and brain age (BA - CA). Here we first quantify how BAI changes during CPAP in the same patient, and then investigate how much brain age features during the diagnostic part can predict the reduction in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) during CPAP.

Methods
The dataset consisted of 160 subjects. The average age was 59 years with 53% male, 24% female and 23% unknown. We extracted 480 features including band powers, and then computed the BAIs for both diagnostic and CPAP parts. To predict the reduction in AHI during CPAP, we fit a Bayesian regression model using the brain age features, demographics, and sleep parameters during the diagnostic part, and assessed the feature importance using dominance analysis.

Results
The BAI from the diagnostic part is significantly reduced compared to BAI during CPAP for the same subject (paired t-test, p &lt; 0.01). The diagnostic part has an average BAI 2.24 years; and the CPAP part -4.75 years. The brain age features that are increased during CPAP include sigma powers in N2 and N3. The prediction of AHI reduction has Pearson’s correlation 0.85. The features predictive of reduced AHI are the diagnostic AHI (explained variance 69%), followed by high/low waveforms during N2 (e.g. K-complex, measured by kurtosis) (8.6%), delta power during REM (4.5%) and N1 (2%). The feature predictive of increased AHI is frontal alpha power during quiet awake (2.6%).

Conclusion
The average BAI is reduced during CPAP. BAI provides a novel view of the acute response to CPAP in sleep EEG. Future study with more CPAP failure patients has the potential of predicting CPAP failure.

Support
MBW is supported by Glenn Foundation for Medical Research. RJT is supported by Category I AASM Foundation.
0351 Sleep Continuity, Sleep-Related Daytime Dysfunction, and Problem Endorsement: Do These Vary Concordantly by Age?
Authors: Boyle J T , Rosenfield B , DiTomasso R A , Vargas I , Grandner M , Perlis M L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
It is well documented that sleep continuity (i.e., SC [ability to initiate and/or maintain sleep]) worsens with age. It is unclear whether problem endorsement and/or daytime dysfunction show similar age-related trends. Accordingly, an analysis was undertaken to assess whether initial, middle, and/or late insomnia all exhibit age related change and whether problem endorsement and/or daytime dysfunction show comparable age-related changes.

Methods
The study utilized a cross-sectional group design in an archival/community dataset (www.sleeplessinphilly.com). This dataset (N=932) was comprised of adults between 18 and 89 years of age with self-reported sleep complaints. Participants were categorized as: Young Adults (18-29 years); Adults (30-44 years); Middle Age Adults (45-64 years); and Older Adults (65-89 years). Age groups were matched to the Older Adults group (n=233) by sex, race, and BMI. ANOVAs with Bonferroni corrections (alpha = .001), and contingency analyses were performed to assess for age group differences.

Results
It was found that, as expected, SC worsens with age but that this was limited to middle and late insomnia. Further, problem endorsement increased with age (except for SL) but sleep-related daytime dysfunction did not (except for concentration issues).

Conclusion
These results have several implications. Methodologically speaking, when evaluating the effects and/or correlates of SC, it may be wise to concomitantly assay “is this a problem for you” and “does this affect your daytime function”, as SC can occur without perceived daytime consequences, especially in older adults. Conceptually speaking, the observed discordance requires further exploration. In the past, it has been argued that sleep need is reduced in older adults. While this is a reasonable hypothesis (no need, no functional consequence), it remains to be demonstrated that older adults require less sleep.

Support
0354 Age-Related Spectral Changes in NREM And REM Sleep in Mice are Global and Not Local
Authors: Dube J , Lina J , Soltani S , Chauvette S , Bukhtiyarova O , Carrier J , Timofeev I 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Brain topography modulates age-related changes in the human sleep electroencephalogram, which are linked with differences in integrity of specific cortical areas and may reflect local changes in sleep homeostasis. In mice, there is conflicting evidence regarding the topography of age-related changes for NREM and REM sleep. To disambiguate this issue, we investigated in mice the topography of age-related spectral differences for REM and NREM sleep.

Methods
LFP electrodes were implanted in 5 cortical areas and in the hippocampus of 17 C57/BL6 mice (8 young and 9 old, mean age = 7.5 and 16 months). Mice LFPs were recorded for a week and states of vigilance were semi-automatically detected in light and dark periods (12h-12h). Spectral analysis was run on 4s windows. Values were averaged for each electrode and in each period of the light/dark cycle in REM/NREM sleep for slow delta (0.25-2Hz), delta (2-4Hz), theta (4-8Hz), sigma (10-16Hz) and ripples (150-200Hz). Mixed models were computed separately for REM and NREM in dark and light period, with age as group factor and electrode and frequency as repeated factors.

Results
Two-way interactions were found between age and frequency and between electrode and frequency, for NREM and REM in dark and light periods. Each frequency band, except ripples, showed a topographical signature in NREM and REM (e.g. higher power in anterior compared to posterior areas for delta band in NREM sleep). These relative patterns did not change in older mice, but global changes occurred on all electrodes: in older mice, delta power was globally higher in NREM and REM sleep whereas sigma power was lower in REM sleep.

Conclusion
Age-related changes in spectral power of sleeping mice do not vary according to brain topography as in humans. Sleep deprivation studies are needed to investigate whether age is associated with global changes in sleep homeostasis in mice.

Support
This work has been supported by the Quebec Fonds de Recherche Nature et Technologies (FQRNT).
0357 CPAP Adherence is Lower in Minority Neighborhoods
Authors: Carmona E T , Nouraie S M , Bakker J P , Stitt C J , Aloia M S , Patel S R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is limited by adherence. Small, single-center studies have reported CPAP adherence is lower in racial minorities suggesting disparities in OSA care. We used nationally representative data to assess racial differences in CPAP adherence at a neighborhood level.

Methods
Telemonitoring data were obtained from a therapy database maintained by a CPAP manufacturer. Usage over the first 90 days in patients initiated on CPAP between 11/01/2015 and 10/31/2018 who had at least one usage session, age 18-90 years, and valid U.S. zip code were mapped to a zip code tabulation area (ZCTA). Age- and sex-adjusted CPAP usage was calculated for each ZCTA with greater than 10 CPAP users. Ecologic analyses were performed to model the association of the proportion of blacks and Hispanics in each ZCTA (obtained from the 2013-2017 American Community Survey) on CPAP usage controlling for proportion of adults with bachelor’s degree and proportion of adults with household income below the poverty line.

Results
Our analysis included 13,118 ZCTAs averaging data over 737,274 patients. In adjusted analyses, each 10% increase in the proportion of blacks and Hispanics was associated with a 0.12 (95% CI 0.11-0.12) hour and 0.14 (95% CI 0.14-0.15) hour decrease in nightly CPAP use, respectively. Mean usage in ZCTAs with &lt;1%, 1-2.5%, 2.5-10%, 10-25%, and 25-100% blacks were 4.96, 4.81, 4.67, 4.56, and 4.14 hours respectively (p&lt;0.001). Mean usage in ZCTAs with &lt;1%, 1-2.5%, 2.5-10%, 10-25%, and 25-100% Hispanics were 4.87, 4.86, 4.75, 4.50, and 4.10 hours respectively (p&lt;0.001).

Conclusion
CPAP adherence is lower in neighborhoods with higher proportions of black and Hispanic residents independent of differences in education or poverty. These differences lead to lower likelihood of meeting insurance coverage requirements for CPAP therapy, potentially exacerbating sleep health disparities.

Support
Philips Respironics, NIH R25HL130600 and K24HL127307.