bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perovskite Oxides Prepared by Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Synthesis: A Review of Crystallisation, Chemistry, and Compositions
Authors: Walton Richard I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPerovskite oxides with general composition ABO3 are a large group of inorganic materials that can contain a variety of cations from all parts of the Periodic Table and that have diverse properties of application in fields ranging from electronics, energy storage to photocatalysis. Solvothermal synthesis routes to these materials have become increasingly investigated in the past decade as a means of direct crystallisation of the solids from solution. These methods have significant advantages leading to adjustment of crystal form from the nanoscale to the micron‐scale, the isolation of compositions not possible using conventional solid‐state synthesis and in addition may lead to scalable processes for producing materials at moderate temperatures. These aspects are reviewed, with examples taken from the past decade's literature on the solvothermal synthesis of perovskites with a systematic survey of B‐site cations, from transition metals in Groups 4–8 and main group elements in Groups 13, 14 and 15, to solid solutions and heterostructures. As well as hydrothermal reactions, the use of various solvents and solution additives are discussed and some trends identified, along with prospects for developing control and predictability in the crystallisation of complex oxide materials.
Direct, Enantioselective, and Nickel(II) Catalyzed Reactions of N‐Azidoacetyl Thioimides with Trimethyl Orthoformate: A New Combined Methodology for the Rapid Synthesis of Lacosamide and Derivatives
Authors: Teloxa Saul F. , Kennington Stuart C. D. , Camats Marc , Romea Pedro , Urpí Fèlix , Aullón Gabriel , Font‐Bardia Mercè 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA direct and highly enantioselective reaction of N‐azidoacetyl‐1,3‐thiazolidine‐2‐thione with trimethyl orthoformate catalyzed by Tol‐BINAPNiCl2 in the presence of TESOTf and 2,6‐lutidine is reported. The heterocyclic scaffold can be easily removed by addition of a wide array of amines to give the corresponding enantiomerically pure 2‐azido‐3,3‐dimethoxypropanamides in high yields. Appropriate manipulation of the N‐benzyl amide derivative provides an efficient access to the antiepileptic agent lacosamide through a new enantioselective C−C bond‐forming process. DFT computational studies uncover clues for the understanding of the remarkable stereocontrol of the addition of a nickel(II) enolate to a putative oxocarbenium intermediate from trimethyl orthoformate.
Cytologic grading of primary malignant salivary gland tumors: A blinded review by an international panel
Authors: Johnson Daniel N. , Onenerk Mine , Krane Jeffrey F. , Rossi Esther Diana , Baloch Zubair , Barkan Güliz , Bongiovanni Massimo , Callegari Fabiano , Canberk Sule , Dixon Glen , Field Andrew , Griffith Christopher C. , Jhala Nirag , Jiang Sara , Kurtycz Daniel , Layfield Lester , Lin Oscar , Maleki Zahra , Perez‐Machado Miguel , Pusztaszeri Marc , Vielh Philippe , Wang He , Zarka Matthew A. , Faquin William C. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundFine needle aspiration (FNA) is commonly used for the preoperative evaluation of salivary gland tumors. Tumor grade is a key factor influencing clinical management of salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs). To assess the ability to grade nonbasaloid SGCs in FNA specimens, an international panel of cytopathologists convened to review and score SGC cases.MethodsThe study cohort included 61 cases of primary SGC from the pathology archives of 3 tertiary medical centers. Cases from 2005 to 2016 were selected, scanned, and digitized. Nineteen cytopathologists blinded to the histologic diagnosis reviewed the digitized cytology slides and graded them as low, high, or indeterminate. The panelists' results were then compared to the tumor grades based on histopathologic examination of the corresponding resection specimens.ResultsAll but 2 of the 19 (89.5%) expert panelists review more than 20 salivary gland FNAs per year; 16 (84.2%) of the panelists work at academic medical centers, and 13 (68.4%) have more than 10 years' experience. Participants had an overall accuracy of 89.4% in the grading of SGC cases, with 90.2% and 88.3% for low‐ and high‐grade SGC, respectively. Acinic cell carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma had the highest degree of accuracy, while epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma and salivary duct carcinoma had the lowest degree of accuracy. As expected, the intermediate‐grade SGC cases showed the greatest variability (high‐grade, 42.1%; low‐grade, 37.5%, indeterminate, 20.4%).ConclusionThis study confirms the high accuracy of cytomorphologic grading of primary SGC by FNA as low‐ or high‐grade. However, caution should be exercised when a grade cannot be confidently assigned.
Resting‐state networks of the neonate brain identified using independent component analysis
Authors: Rajasilta Olli , Tuulari Jetro J. , Björnsdotter Malin , Scheinin Noora M. , Lehtola Satu J. , Saunavaara Jani , Häkkinen Suvi , Merisaari Harri , Parkkola Riitta , Lähdesmäki Tuire , Karlsson Linnea , Karlsson Hasse 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) has been successfully used to probe the intrinsic functional organization of the brain and to study brain development. Here, we implemented a combination of individual and group independent component analysis (ICA) of FSL on a 6‐min resting‐state data set acquired from 21 naturally sleeping term‐born (age 26 ± 6.7 d), healthy neonates to investigate the emerging functional resting‐state networks (RSNs). In line with the previous literature, we found evidence of sensorimotor, auditory/language, visual, cerebellar, thalmic, parietal, prefrontal, anterior cingulate as well as dorsal and ventral aspects of the default‐mode‐network. Additionally, we identified RSNs in frontal, parietal, and temporal regions that have not been previously described in this age group and correspond to the canonical RSNs established in adults. Importantly, we found that careful ICA‐based denoising of fMRI data increased the number of networks identified with group‐ICA, whereas the degree of spatial smoothing did not change the number of identified networks. Our results show that the infant brain has an established set of RSNs soon after birth.
Dimensional Control of Assembling Metal Chalcogenide Clusters
Authors: Gadjieva Natalia A. , Champsaur Anouck M. , Steigerwald Michael L. , Roy Xavier , Nuckolls Colin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Colin Nuckolls from Columbia University, New York, USA. The cover image shows the metal chalcogenide core building block and its 1D, 2D, and 3D extensions.
Acute and subchronic toxicity study of nonpolar extract of licorice roots in mice
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Yong , Zuo Guanglei , Lee Soo Kyeong , Lim Soon Sung 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLicorice is used as a medicinal plant, and several studies have shown that licorice has beneficial effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of nonpolar licorice extract using toxicity experiments. Nonpolar extract from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (NERG) was analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant ability was determined by method of TPC and DPPH. Blood pressure was monitored by using blood pressure meter. In the acute study, a single dose (2,000 mg/kg) was orally administered to mice. In the subchronic study, mice were treated with extract at doses (50, 100, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg) for 120 days. Significantly difference was not shown at blood pressure, hematological, and biochemical parameters, and histopathology on mice. The results suggested that at acute and subchronic toxicity, each levels of nonpolar licorice extract administration in experiments did not cause toxicity effects or death on mice.
Mortality and Hepatic Decompensation in Patients With Cirrhosis and Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Anticoagulation
Authors: Serper Marina , Weinberg Ethan M. , Cohen Jordana B. , Reese Peter P. , Taddei Tamar H. , Kaplan David E. 
Published: April 2020

Background and Aims
Outcomes with anticoagulation (AC) are understudied in advanced liver disease. We investigated effects of AC with warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) on all‐cause mortality and hepatic decompensation as well as ischemic stroke, major adverse cardiovascular events, splanchnic vein thrombosis, and bleeding in a cohort with cirrhosis and atrial fibrillation (AF).

Approach and Results
This was a retrospective, longitudinal study using national data of U.S. veterans with cirrhosis at 128 medical centers, including patients with cirrhosis with incident AF, from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017 followed through December 31, 2018. To assess the effects of AC on outcomes, we applied propensity score (PS) matching and marginal structural models (MSMs) to account for confounding by indication and time‐dependent confounding. The final cohort included 2,694 veterans with cirrhosis with AF (n = 1,694 and n = 704 in the warfarin and DOAC cohorts after PS matching, respectively) with a median of 4.6 years of follow‐up. All‐cause mortality was lower with warfarin versus no AC (PS matched: hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55‐0.76; MSM models: HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.40‐0.73) and DOACs versus no AC (PS matched: HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.50‐0.93; MSM models: HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.31‐0.81). In MSM models, warfarin (HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.09‐0.90) and DOACs (HR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.07‐0.79) were associated with reduced ischemic stroke. In secondary analyses, bleeding was lower with DOACs compared to warfarin (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.26‐0.94).

Conclusions
Warfarin and DOACs were associated with reduced all‐cause mortality. Warfarin was associated with more bleeding compared to no AC. DOACs had a lower incidence of bleeding compared to warfarin in exploratory analyses. Future studies should prospectively investigate these observed associations.
Vegetation‐groundwater dynamics at a former uranium mill site following invasion of a biocontrol agent: A time series analysis of Landsat normalized difference vegetation index data
Authors: Jarchow Christopher J. , Waugh William J. , Didan Kamel , Barreto‐Muñoz Armando , Herrmann Stefanie , Nagler Pamela L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBecause groundwater recharge in dry regions is generally low, arid and semiarid environments have been considered well‐suited for long‐term isolation of hazardous materials (e.g., radioactive waste). In these dry regions, water lost (transpired) by plants and evaporated from the soil surface, collectively termed evapotranspiration (ET), is usually the primary discharge component in the water balance. Therefore, vegetation can potentially affect groundwater flow and contaminant transport at waste disposal sites. We studied vegetation health and ET dynamics at a Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act (UMTRCA) disposal site in Shiprock, New Mexico, where a floodplain alluvial aquifer was contaminated by mill effluent. Vegetation on the floodplain was predominantly deep‐rooted, non‐native tamarisk shrubs (Tamarix sp.). After the introduction of the tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda sp.) as a biocontrol agent, the health of the invasive tamarisk on the Shiprock floodplain declined. We used Landsat normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data to measure greenness and a remote sensing algorithm to estimate landscape‐scale ET along the floodplain of the UMTRCA site in Shiprock prior to (2000–2009) and after (2010–2018) beetle establishment. Using groundwater level data collected from 2011 to 2014, we also assessed the role of ET in explaining seasonal variations in depth to water of the floodplain. Growing season scaled NDVI decreased 30% (p < .001), while ET decreased 26% from the pre‐ to post‐beetle period and seasonal ET estimates were significantly correlated with groundwater levels from 2011 to 2014 (r2 = .71; p = .009). Tamarisk greenness (a proxy for health) was significantly affected by Diorhabda but has partially recovered since 2012. Despite this, increased ET demand in the summer/fall period might reduce contaminant transport to the San Juan River during this period.
Drug excipients, food additives, and cosmetic ingredients probably not carcinogenic to humans reveal a functional specificity for the 2‐year rodent bioassay
Authors: Suarez‐Torres Jose D. , Jimenez‐Orozco Fausto A. , Ciangherotti Carlos E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRegarding carcinogenicity testing, the long‐term rodent bioassay (RCB) has been the test required by most regulatory agencies across the world. Nonetheless, due to the lack of knowledge about its specificity, it has been argued that the RCB is unspecific or even invalid. Because of the substantial limitations of epidemiology to identify chemicals probably not carcinogenic to humans (PNCH), it has been very difficult to address the specificity of the RCB. Nevertheless, because mechanistic/pharmacological data are currently recognized as a valid stream of evidence for the identification of chemical hazards, the road is now open to gain insight into the specificity of the RCB. Based on sound mechanistic/pharmacological data that support the classification of chemicals as PNCH, 100 PNCH substances were gathered in this investigation. Contrary to what was previously forecast, in this study, the RCB exhibited a functional specificity that ranged from 83% to 91%, depending on the settings of the testing (2‐species vs. rats only, and the nominal maximum tolerated dose). Other contributions of this work were: (a) enabling the comparison, in terms of specificity, between the RCB and the alternative methods that could replace it (eg, Tg.AC mouse, rasH2 mouse); (b) disclosing what the specificity is for alternative methods that were developed using the RCB as the reference standard; and (c) expanding the previous narrow (only seven substances) set of chemicals identified as not likely to be carcinogenic to humans by hazard identification programs.
Encapsulation of Mg2inside a C60cage forms an electride
Authors: Das Prasenjit , Saha Ranajit , Chattaraj Pratim K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) based calculations have been carried out for the endohedral encapsulation of magnesium dimer inside fullerene, that is, Mg2@C60. It is observed that the minimum energy structure of the Mg2@C60system isC2hsymmetry. The MgMg bond distance in the Mg2@C60system is much shorter than that in the free Mg2and Mg22+ion. The formation of the endohedral Mg2@C60system is thermochemically spontaneous in nature. The natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis showed the presence of an Mg22+fragment with an MgMg bond inside the C60cage. The electron density descriptors have identified the covalency in the MgMg bond. A non‐nuclear attractor (NNA) is present in the middle of the two Mg‐atoms. The bonding interaction between the Mg2and C60fragments is ionic in nature and the [Mg22+] and [C602−] represent the bonding pattern in the Mg2@C60system. The designed endohedrally encapsulated system behaves as an electride.
Revision of serum ALT upper limits of normal facilitates assessment of mild liver injury in obese children with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Lu Yutian , Wang Qiongdan , Yu Lisha , Yin XueRui , Yang Huijie , Xu Xi , Xia Ying , Luo Yue , Peng Ying , Yu Qigui , Chen Zhanguo , Yu Jian , Lai Meimei , Wu Nan , Pan Xiao‐Ben , Zheng Xiaoqun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level is a critical parameter for evaluating liver injury in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the currently accepted upper limits of normal (ULN) for serum ALT (ULN‐ALT) are debated, as they may be excessively high.MethodsA total of 1638 children aged 6‐16 years, comprising 507 children with normal BMI (500 healthy children and 7 children with NAFLD), 199 overweight children, and 932 obese children, were included in the analysis. We re‐evaluated the ULN‐ALT in 500 healthy Chinese children using the 95th percentiles of serum ALT levels as revised ULN‐ALT. Fatty liver was identified by ultrasound examination.ResultsSignificant positive correlations between serum ALT levels and body mass index (BMI) were detected in overweight boys (r = .399, P < .001), obese boys (r = .398, P < .001), and obese girls (r = .392, P < .001). The prevalence percentages of NAFLD were 93.6%, 75.8%, and 37.9% in obese boys with serum ALT levels of >50, 25‐50, and ≤25 U/L and were 81.6%, 67.9%, and 20.6% in obese girls with serum ALT levels of >40, 20‐40, and ≤20 U/L, respectively.ConclusionSerum ALT levels significantly correlated with abnormal BMI values in children, suggesting a rigorous BMI threshold is needed to establish the cutoffs for serum ULN‐ALT in children. Besides, the revised serum ULN‐ALT can uncover mild liver injury in obese children with NAFLD.
Clinical experience regarding the accuracy of NIPT in the detection of sex chromosome abnormality
Authors: Zheng Yunyun , Wan Shanning , Dang Yinghui , Song Tingting , Chen Biliang , Zhang Jianfang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to determine the accuracy (Z‐value) of non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) results for sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) in routine clinical practice.MethodsAmong a cohort of 12505 pregnant females, maternal plasma samples collected from our hospital were utilized for SCA analysis by NIPT detection. The positive samples were validated through an invasive procedure and karyotyping analysis. The predictive value from positive samples in sex chromosomes was compared to analyze the accuracy of the Z‐value.ResultsThere were 65 females with sex chromosome abnormalities within 12,505 pregnant females in the NIPT detection, which was validated by karyotype analysis of amniotic fluid puncture through sequencing, as well as bioinformatics analysis, with 18 true‐positive samples. The true‐positive results with 45,X, 47,XXY, 47,XXX and 47,XYY karyotypes predicted by NIPT were 14.29%, 50.00%, 66.67% and 71.43%, respectively. Among sex chromosome cases, the findings indicated that positive NIPT results with Z ≥ 9 show a higher accuracy.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study demonstrate that the positive predictive value of NIPT for sex chromosome abnormalities is distinctive. The positive predictive value was highest for 47,XYY and lowest for 45,X. Additionally, the Z‐value results are considered to be correlated with the accuracy of NIPT, although further studies need to be made.
Consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of mannose phosphate isomerase‐congenital disorder of glycosylation
Authors: Čechová Anna , Altassan Ruqaiah , Borgel Delphine , Bruneel Arnaud , Correia Joana , Girard Muriel , Harroche Annie , Kiec‐Wilk Beata , Mohnike Klaus , Pascreau Tiffany , Pawliński Łukasz , Radenkovic Silvia , Vuillaumier‐Barrot Sandrine , Aldamiz‐Echevarria Luis , Couce Maria Luz , Martins Esmeralda G. , Quelhas Dulce , Morava Eva , de Lonlay Pascale , Witters Peter , Honzík Tomáš 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMannose phosphate isomerase‐congenital disorder of glycosylation (MPI‐CDG) deficiency is a rare subtype of congenital disorders of protein N‐glycosylation. It is characterised by deficiency of MPI caused by pathogenic variants in MPI gene. The manifestation of MPI‐CDG is different from other CDGs as the patients suffer dominantly from gastrointestinal and hepatic involvement whereas they usually do not present intellectual disability or neurological impairment. It is also one of the few treatable subtypes of CDGs with proven effect of oral mannose. This article covers a complex review of the literature and recommendations for the management of MPI‐CDG with an emphasis on the clinical aspect of the disease. A team of international experts elaborated summaries and recommendations for diagnostics, differential diagnosis, management, and treatment of each system/organ involvement based on evidence‐based data and experts' opinions. Those guidelines also reveal more questions about MPI‐CDG which need to be further studied.
Comparison of a VLP‐based and GST‐L1‐based multiplex immunoassay to detect vaccine‐induced HPV‐specific antibodies in first‐void urine
Authors: Pattyn Jade , Panicker Gitika , Willhauck‐Fleckenstein Martina , Van Keer Severien , Téblick Laura , Pieters Zoë , Tjalma Wiebren A. A. , Matheeussen Veerle , Van Damme Pierre , Waterboer Tim , Unger Elizabeth R. , Vorsters Alex 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVaccine‐induced human papillomavirus (HPV) antibodies originating from cervicovaginal secretions were recently shown to be detectable in first‐void (FV) urine. This presents a novel opportunity for noninvasive sampling to monitor HPV antibody status in women participating in large epidemiological studies and HPV vaccine trials. With a view towards method optimization, this study compared the measurement of HPV antibodies in FV urine using a multiplex L1/L2 virus‐like particles (VLP)‐based ELISA (M4ELISA) with previously reported results using a glutathione S‐transferase (GST)‐L1‐based immunoassay (GST‐L1‐MIA). We tested 53 paired FV urine and serum samples from 19‐ to 26‐year‐old healthy women, unvaccinated (n = 17) or vaccinated with either the bivalent or quadrivalent HPV‐vaccine during adolescence (n = 36). HPV6/11/16/18 antibodies were measured using M4ELISA and compared with GST‐L1‐MIA results. Inter‐assay and inter‐specimen correlations were examined using the Spearman's rank test (rs). As expected, lower HPV antibody concentrations were found in FV urine than in serum. Vaccinated women had significantly higher HPV6/11/16/18 antibody levels in both FV urine and serum compared with those unvaccinated (M4ELISA; FV urine P = .0003; serum P ≤ .0001). HPV antibody levels in FV urine and serum showed a significant positive correlation (M4ELISA anti‐HPV6/11/16/18, rs = 0.85/0.86/0.91/0.79, P ≤ .001). Despite assay differences, there was moderate to good correlation between M4ELISA and GST‐L1‐MIA (FV urine anti‐HPV6/11/16/18, rs = 0.86/0.83/0.89/0.53, P ≤  .0001; serum anti‐HPV6/11/16/18, rs = 0.93/0.89/0.94/0.75, P ≤ .0001). FV urine HPV antibody detection is comparable with both assays, further supporting this noninvasive sampling method as a possible option for HPV vaccine assessment. Approaches to improve the sensitivity and larger studies are warranted to determine the feasibility of FV urine for vaccine‐induced HPV antibody detection.
Whole‐school antibullying interventions: A systematic review of 20 years of publications
Authors: Valle Jessica E. , Williams Lucia C. A. , Stelko‐Pereira Ana C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA systematic literature review on whole‐school antibullying interventions was conducted. Twelve databases were consulted, considering as inclusion criteria: scientific article, published between 1998 and June 2018, in English or Portuguese, describing empirical studies on whole‐school antibullying interventions. Seventeen studies were analyzed, indicating that the interventions had the reduction of bullying prevalence as main goal, and secondary goals as improvements in reporting bullying occurrences, bullying identification, and attitudes toward bullying. Six interventions had experimental designs, five were quasiexperimental, and six were preexperimental. Data collection in 14 studies involved exclusively students, in two studies measurements also encompassed teachers, and one study applied questionnaires to parents only. Intervention effects on bullying prevalence were inconsistent, with eight studies finding significant decreases in bullying involvement, while seven studies did not show significant effects on bullying prevalence or found negative results, such as an increase of its prevalence. However, the interventions had significant positive effects on increasing the reporting of bullying occurrences, attitudes toward bullying, and perceived peer and teacher intervention. Thus, whole‐school antibullying interventions, incorporating multiple strategies and targeting multiple individuals, should be encouraged to address the complexity of bullying.