bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What mechanisms drive uptake of family planning when integrated with childhood immunisation in Ethiopia? A realist evaluation
Authors: Krishnaratne Shari , Hamon Jessie K. , Hoyt Jenna , Chantler Tracey , Landegger Justine , Spilotros Nathaly , Demissie Shiferaw Dechasa , Mohammed Siraj , Webster Jayne 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Maternal and child health are key priorities among the Sustainable Development Goals , which include a particular focus on reducing morbidity and mortality among women of reproductive age, newborns, and children under the age of five. Two key components of maternal and child health are family planning (FP) and immunisation. Providing these services through an integrated delivery system could increase the uptake of vaccines and modern contraceptive methods (MCMs) particularly during the post-partum period. Methods: A realist evaluation was conducted in two woredas in Ethiopia to determine the key mechanisms and their triggers that drive successful implementation and service uptake of an intervention of integrated delivery of immunisations and FP. This evaluation included the: 1) development of an initial programme theory; 2) review of relevant published theories; 3) analysis of project monitoring data; 4) analysis of qualitative data from 23 semi-structured interviews to determine key mechanisms and drivers; and 5) development of a revised programme theory comprised of context-mechanism-actor-outcome and context-mechanism-intervention-actor-outcome configurations based on empirical findings. Results: The proportion of women who brought their children for immunisation and received MCMs was 63.0% (4,260/6,764) overall [74.3% (2,944/3,961) in Assosa woreda and 46.9% (1,316/2,803) in Bambasi woreda]. Key contextual factors identified were: a strong belief in values among religious leaders and community members that challenged FP; a lack of support for FP from male partners based on religious values; and the use of trained Health Extension Workers (HEWs) to deliver FP services. Within these contexts, intervention components that focused on the alignment of religious texts with FP, the promotion of FP by religious leaders, and the training of HEWs and health care workers on FP counselling and service delivery, influenced the implementation of the intervention and triggered several mechanisms of acceptability, access, and adoption of innovations. Conclusions: Linking context and intervention components to the mechanisms they triggered helped explain the intervention outcomes, and more broadly how and for who the intervention worked. This enabled the development of a programme theory that could be used to inform the integrated delivery of FP services in similar contexts.
Acute effects of the Prevent injury and Enhance Performance warm-up on potential reinjury risk factors associated with unanticipated jump landings: Study protocol for a crossover randomized controlled trial in individuals cleared for return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Authors: Ashigbi Evans Y. K. , Giesche Florian , Banzer Winfried , Groneberg David A. , Niederer Daniel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn team-sports such as football or basketball, athletes need to rapidly adapt their motor plans and actions to unanticipated changes in the environment. Unanticipated jump-landing tasks have been found to elevate the risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries compared to an anticipated condition. ACL-reconstructed individuals may have greater difficulties to maintain neuromuscular control under unanticipated conditions exposing them to a higher reinjury risk during the game. The planned trial aims to investigate the acute effects of a team-sport specific injury prevention programme on potential ACL reinjury risk factors under anticipated and unanticipated jump-landings.Methods and design:Single center randomized controlled crossover trial. Female and male ACL-reconstructed participants cleared for return to sports (≥ 6 months and ≤ 24 months post-reconstruction) will be included. In a randomized sequence and with a washout phase of one week in between, the participants will perform an injury preventive warm-up protocol (PEP; strengthening, flexibility, plyometry and agility) and a standard warm-up program (bicycle ergometer). Both interventions will last for 12 minutes and will be conducted at moderate intensity (BORG scale: 12 to 14). After each warm-up, participants will perform counter movement jumps with single-leg landings on a force plate. Prior to the jump, a left or right footprint (equally distributed) will be indicated on a screen. Under the anticipated condition, the participants will be informed before the jump that the displayed footprint will not change after take-off. Under the unanticipated condition, the participants will not know whether the target landing side will remain the same (consistent with pre-movement expectations) or change (inconsistent). Under both unanticipated conditions, this information will be displayed 0.1 second after take-off and thus approximately 0.3 seconds before landing.Parametric/non-parametric crossover-analyses (carryover-tests and crossover test) for between-conditions comparisons will be applied. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register, identification number DRKS00016942. Registered on May 24, 2019.
Care Integration Decreases Hospitalization Costs: Retrospective Cohort Study of Palliative Care Consult Service for Hospital Patients With Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Zemplenyi Antal Tamás , Csikós Ágnes , Fadgyas-Freyler Petra , Csanádi Marcell , Kaló Zoltán , Pozsgai Éva , Mölken Maureen Rutten-van , Pitter János György 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Equity and Elderly Health in India: Reflections from 75th Round National Sample Survey, 2017-18, amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ranjan Alok , R Muraleedharan V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, called coronavirus disease - 2019 (COVID-19), has affected more than 200 countries across the globe with a higher fatality rate in the elderly population. Historical experience shows that the pandemic disproportionately afflicts the socioeconomically disadvantaged population. Aim of the study is to highlight the vulnerability of the aged amidst the current pandemic, in the light of the recent international evidence, and what government could do to mitigate their vulnerability. Methods: Data from the recently released (November 2019) 75 th Round National Sample Survey (NSS), which was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018, across 8077 rural villages and 6181 urban wards was used for this study. Data collected from 555115 individuals (rural: 325232; urban: 229232) included that of 42762 elderly individuals (60 years or above). Bivariate and multivariate analysis was used for the calculation. Results: 27.7 % of elderly reported suffering from any ailment in the last 15 days, whereas 8.5% had hospitalization during the last 365 days. Hospitalization rate was higher in the urban areas (OR: 1.21), general category (OR: 1.18), richest economic quintile (OR: 1.68), and among elderly living alone (OR: 2.05), which was statistically significant. 64% of the scheduled tribe and 51.0% of the poorest income quintile elderly utilized public facilities during hospitalization. Cardiovascular ailments were major cause for hospitalization (18.1%) and outpatient visit (32.0%) in the elderly. Diabetes and hypertension together constituted 55% of outpatient visit for the elderly. 18.9% of the elderly has health insurance though chances of facing catastrophic health expenditure was high in the elderly. 6.6% of elderly female and 1.6% male live alone, and 27.5% of elderly of age 80 years or above are immobile. 50% of male and 90% of female are financially dependent on others and more so in poorer economic quintiles. Conclusions: The vulnerability of India’s elderly increases across various equity dimensions which include the place of residence, gender, caste, marital status, economic quintile, living arrangements, surviving children, and economic dependence. The current COVID-19 pandemic poses a greater risk of social isolation among the elderly, which may lead to detrimental health impact.
Understanding What Influences Community-Based Care Coordination Improvement: Interpreting Variation in a Medicare Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)
Authors: Brock Jane , Gass Brianna , Brothersen Alaina , McFall Lacey , Walsh Kati , Goatee Christina , Huebschmann Amy G , Holtrop Jodi Summers 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Quality Improvement Networks Quality Improvement Organizations (QIN-QIOs) developed community coalitions to align care coordination efforts for Medicare beneficiaries in order to reduce readmission rates within geographically defined communities. This CMS (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services) funded national quality improvement program worked with 380 coalitions from 2014-2019, facilitating a variety of interventions within each community. Baseline readmission rates among communities, calculated from claims data, varied from 17.7 to 112 readmissions/1000 beneficiaries. Program results ranged from +40.7% (high performance) to -35.8% (low performance) relative improvement.We applied an implementation framework (CFIR) to the QIN-QIO efforts to define common characteristics of interventions, implementation strategies, and contexts in which improvement efforts took place. We identify features associated with successful and unsuccessful intervention implementation, and with changes in readmission rates.Methods We selected 22 communities representing a range of relative improvement, geographic characteristics and baseline readmissions rates. We measured the QIN-QIO’s perception of influence of individual CFIR constructs on community readmission rates over time using a written assessment and elicited details and mechanisms through structured interviews. Two independent reviewers qualitatively coded transcribed interviews. Final ratings for the influence of each CFIR construct on community performance were assigned by consensus, ranging from -2 (strong negative influence) to +2 (strong positive influence).Results Some adaptation of the CFIR, such including codes in a coalition domain, and adding constructs to the outer setting domain, such as healthcare market characteristics, helped fit the framework to the QIN-QIO work. The characteristics of individuals domain was less applicable to this study. Several constructs were found to be associated with improvement, or lack of, in readmission rates in communities.Conclusions The CFIR is an appropriate taxonomy for understanding implementation of care coordination interventions in the QIN-QIO communities, with constructs from the Outer Setting and Process domains having the most influence on successful implementation. Communities effectively reducing readmissions had coalitions with favorable implementation climates, robust stakeholder engagement strategies, and interventions aligned with local concerns and capabilities. The CFIR can help guide, monitor and evaluate community-based improvement initiatives, although further development some constructs is needed.
Interventions to Improve Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review&nbsp;&nbsp;
Authors: Ahmed Kedir Yimam , Agho Kingsley E. , Page Andrew , Arora Amit , Ogbo Felix 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Detailed understanding of the specific types of interventions that can be implemented to increase infant and young child feeding (IYCF) is essential to improve child health and development. In Ethiopia, despite the implementation of several interventions to improve IYCF practices, no published studies have highlighted the most effective IYCF interventions in the country. This systematic review investigated the impacts of various interventions on IYCF in Ethiopia.Methods: A systematic search was conducted on seven computerized bibliographic databases (Embase, ProQuest Central, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed and CINAHL) to locate experimental or quasi-experimental studies. Interventional studies that measured IYCF indicators (early initiation of breastfeeding [EIBF], exclusive breastfeeding [EBF], the introduction of complementary foods, minimum dietary diversity [MDD], minimum meal frequency [MMF] and minimum acceptable diet [MAD]) as outcome variables were included.Results: Of the thirteen eligible studies, ten studies were quasi-experimental and three studies were cluster randomised trials. Five studies showed that interventions in the form of policy advocacy, health service strengthening, interpersonal communication, community mobilisation, and mass media campaigns improved EBF. Four studies indicated that community-level and health facility breastfeeding promotions increased EIBF. Three studies for MDD and two studies for MMF indicated significant effects of policy advocacy, interpersonal communication, community mobilisation, and mass media campaigns on infants and young children. Interventions that were delivered in combination increased the impacts in improving EIBF, MDD and MMF compared to single intervention.Conclusion: Our review showed that a combination of community-level interventions improved EIBF, EBF, MDD, and MMF in Ethiopia. The improvement in IYCF in Ethiopia would require multi-prong approaches at the household and community levels along the continuum of care from conception until a child’s second birthday.
School&nbsp;Bullying Victimization and&nbsp;Emotional Problems&nbsp;in Relation to&nbsp;Sexual&nbsp;Orientation&nbsp;Among High&nbsp;School&nbsp;Students&nbsp;in China：A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yang Mengsi , Wu Fang , Liu Qianwen , Yang Zhengmin , Lai Xin , Liu Xiaoqun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background：School bullying has become a global concern for the public as well as a fierce battlefield for educational psychologists. And sexual minority youth (SMY) may experience minority stress, a chronic form of stress engendered by negative social experiences such as stigmatization, that is known to impact adversely mental health and well-being. Under the specific cultural background of China, few scholars associate sexual orientation with campus bullying, as well as depression and anxiety symptoms. But in fact, China's sexual minority adolescences face no less difficulties than any sexual minority in the world.Methods：From April to July 2018, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among senior high school students in Hunan Province, China. A total of 3934 subjects were investigated by multi-stage cluster random sampling. Traditional bullying victimization was surveyed via the suffering subscale of Chinese version of Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ). Cyber school bullying was surveyed via a question. The Chinese version of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Chinese version of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were used to screen depression and anxiety symptoms of participants. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between sexual orientation and types of bullying victimization , depression and anxiety symptoms.Results：Bisexuality accounted for the highest proportion of victims of traditional bullying only and cyber bullying only, at 10.2% and 4.8%, respectively. Homosexuality accounts for the highest proportion of combined bullying, at 18.2%. Homosexuality(OR: 5.833; 95% CI: 3.045 to 11.176), bisexuality(OR: 2.831; 95% CI: 1.354 to 5.923)and uncertainty of sexual orientation(OR: 2.206; 95% CI: 1.435 to 3.392) were significantly associated with combined bullying. The bisexual group has the highest rate of depression(40.1%) and anxiety(38.1%) symptoms. Compared to heterosexual group, bisexual group has the highest risk of depression(OR: 2.349; 95% CI: 1.664 to 3.316) and anxiety(OR: 3.049; 95% CI: 2.150 to 4.324) symptoms.Conclusions: Homosexuals are at the greatest risk of becoming victims of double bullying(traditional bullying and cyberbullying)and bisexuals are at the greatest risk of depression and anxiety symptoms.
Impact of Behavioural Changes in Mosquito Feeding on Malaria Invasion: A Model-Based Approach
Authors: Kim Sungchan , Kim Yongkuk , Kim Byul Nim , Masud M A , Jung Il Hyo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Malaria hosts are known to manipulate the feeding behaviour of mosquitoes to protect them from external threats and control. In particular, the phenomenon in which a mosquito's feeding target is biased toward an infectious host is called a vector-bias, and it can be a threat to malaria eradication if not considered. Aim of the study is to understand the problems that may arise when vector-bias is not considered in early invasion scenarios.Methods: Stochastic formulations of malaria transmission, including the vector-bias effect, ware constructed. Invasive dynamics were investigated using an individual-based continuous time Markov chain model and the offspring distributions of secondary infections. In addition, the extinction probability was derived using the negative binomial count model. Results: Invasions will occur quickly, and once the disease spreads, extinction will become difficult compared to when the vector-bias effect is not considered. In a highly heterogeneous environment, vector-bias has rare effect on decreasing the extinction probability. Conclusion: The early detection of a malaria invasion and the early control beginning are more important due to vector-bias for the malaria eradication in early invasion scenarios. In addition, some possible mosquito-biased behaviours were discussed in terms of adaptive dynamics.
Primary Tumor Resection is a Powerful Predictor of Long-term Outcome of Left-side Obstructive Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kawahara Hidejiro , Omura Nobuo , Akiba Tadashi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
AimThis study aimed to evaluate a long-term outcome predictor of left-side obstructive colorectal cancer. MethodsBetween 2001 and 2017, 40 patients with left-side obstructive colorectal cancer, 80 years of age or younger, who underwent emergency surgery at Kashiwa Hospital, Jikei University, were enrolled into this retrospective study. We compared 24 patients undergoing primary tumor resection with temporary colostomy with 16 patients undergoing only the creation of the decompression colostomy without primary tumor resection as the first operation. ResultsThree of 16 patients (19%) who underwent only the creation of colostomy as the first operation could undergo the primary tumor resection as the secondary operation a month after the first operation. The other 13 patients who could not undergo the primary tumor resection received intensive chemotherapy consecutively. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with primary tumor resection as the first operation was 56.5%, whereas that of patients with only the creation of colostomy as the first operation was 18.8% (p<0.001). The fact that the primary tumor resection could not be performed was an independent risk factor by multivariate analyses (p=0.002). ConclusionPrimary tumor resection is a powerful predictor of long-term outcome of left-side obstructive colorectal cancer.
Vitamin C administration by intravenous infusion increases tumour ascorbate content in patients with colon cancer: a clinical intervention study
Authors: Dachs Gabi U , Gandhi Jamish , Wohlrab Christina , Carr Anitra C , Morrin Helen , Pullar Juliet M , Bayer Simone B , Eglinton Tim W , Robinson Bridget A , Vissers Margreet C M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The use of high dose ascorbate infusions in cancer patients is widespread, but without evidence of efficacy. Several mechanisms whereby ascorbate could affect tumour progression have been proposed, including (i) the localised generation of cytotoxic quantities of H2O2, (ii) ascorbate-dependent activation of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases that control the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and that are responsible for the demethylation of DNA and histones and (iii) increased oxidative stress induced by dehydroascorbic acid. We hypothesise that the dysfunctional vasculature of solid tumours results in compromised delivery of ascorbate to poorly perfused regions of the tumour and that this ascorbate deficit acts as an additional driver of the hypoxic response via upregulation of HIFs. Using a randomised ‘therapeutic window of opportunity’ clinical study we aimed to determine whether ascorbate infusions affected tumour ascorbate content and tumour biology.Methods: Patients with colon cancer were randomised to receive infusions of up to 1 g/kg ascorbate for four days before surgical resection (n=9) or to not receive infusions (n=6). Ascorbate was measured in plasma, erythrocytes, tumour and histologically normal mucosa at diagnostic colonoscopy and at surgery. Protein markers of tumour hypoxia or DNA damage were monitored in resected tissue.Results: Plasma ascorbate reached millimolar levels following infusion and returned to micromolar levels over 24 h. Pre-infusion plasma ascorbate increased from 38 ± 10 mM to 241 ± 33 mM (p<0.0001) over four days and erythrocyte ascorbate from 14 ± 15 mM to 2004 ± 814 mM (p<0.005). Tumour ascorbate increased from 15 ± 6 to 28 ± 6 mg/100g tissue (p<0.0001) and normal tissue from 14 ± 6 to 21 ± 4 mg/100g (p<0.001). A gradient of lower ascorbate was evident towards the tumour centre in both control and infusion samples. Lower expression of hypoxia-associated proteins was seen in post-infusion tumours compared with controls. There were no significant adverse events and quality of life was unaffected by ascorbate infusion.Conclusions: This is the first clinical study to demonstrate that tumour ascorbate levels increase following infusion, even in regions of poor diffusion, and that this could modify tumour biology. Trial registration: ANZCTR Trail ID ACTRN12615001277538
Biomechanical Analysis of an Overhead Baseball Throwing Movement Associated with a Cardiorespiratory Fatigue Effect
Authors: Rusdiana Agus , Darmawan Muhamad Sigit , Syahid Angga M , Kurniawan Tian 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Overhand pitching is a movement that requires the coordination of lower extremity, trunk, and upper extremity segments to effectively transfer force throughout the kinetic chain to project a baseball.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cardiorespiratory fatigue on throwing ball velocity related to kinematics motion changes in baseball.

Methods:
The study samples included 12 male baseball athletes (19.3 ± 2.8 years old, height of 1.71.4 ± 3.1 m, and weight of 64.3 ± 3.6 kg). A descriptive quantitative method approach was used. The instruments included two high-resolution handycams (Sony HXR-MC2500, Japan), a high-speed camera (Fastec Imaging TS5-H, USA), a radar speed gun (Bushnell 101922, Germany), a 3D force platform (The AMTI Optima Series 20210, USA), 14 point manual markers, a motion capture system software (Frame DIAZ IV, Japan), and a heart rate sensor (Polar H10, Finland).

Results:
The results of this study showed that there were significant differences in the ball velocity (p= 0.042), stride length percentage height (p= 0.041), elbow flexion (p= 0.046), maximum shoulder horizontal adduction (p= 0.041), maximum elbow extension angular velocity (p= 0.035), maximum shoulder internal rotation (p= 0.029), and lateral trunk tilt (p= 0.029) when the pitchers were fatigued.

Conclusion:
Cardiorespiratory fatigue causes changes in the kinetic harmonization of upper and lower body motion, which results in a decrease in the ball velocity. These results are similar to those in previous studies conducted with the intervention of muscle fatigue during overhead baseball throwing, which causes a decrease in the performance and ball velocity.