bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the proteome associated with the mRNA encoding the D1 reaction center protein of Photosystem II in plant chloroplasts
Authors: Watkins Kenneth P. , Williams‐Carrier Rosalind , Chotewutmontri Prakitchai , Friso Giulia , Teubner Marlene , Belcher Susan , Ruwe Hannes , Schmitz‐Linneweber Christian , van Wijk Klaas J. , Barkan Alice 
Published: December 2019

SummarySynthesis of the D1 reaction center protein of Photosystem II is dynamically regulated in response to environmental and developmental cues. In chloroplasts, much of this regulation occurs at the post‐transcriptional level, but the proteins responsible are largely unknown. To discover proteins that impact psbA expression, we identified proteins that associate with maize psbA mRNA by: (i) formaldehyde cross‐linking of leaf tissue followed by antisense oligonucleotide affinity capture of psbA mRNA; and (ii) co‐immunoprecipitation with HCF173, a psbA translational activator that is known to bind psbA mRNA. The S1 domain protein SRRP1 and two RNA Recognition Motif (RRM) domain proteins, CP33C and CP33B, were enriched with both approaches. Orthologous proteins were also among the enriched protein set in a previous study in Arabidopsis that employed a designer RNA‐binding protein as a psbA RNA affinity tag. We show here that CP33B is bound to psbA mRNA in vivo, as was shown previously for CP33C and SRRP1. Immunoblot, pulse labeling, and ribosome profiling analyses of mutants lacking CP33B and/or CP33C detected some decreases in D1 protein levels under some conditions, but no change in psbA RNA abundance or translation. However, analogous experiments showed that SRRP1 represses psbA ribosome association in the dark, represses ycf1 ribosome association, and promotes accumulation of ndhC mRNA. As SRRP1 is known to harbor RNA chaperone activity, we postulate that SRRP1 mediates these effects by modulating RNA structures. The uncharacterized proteins that emerged from our analyses provide a resource for the discovery of proteins that impact the expression of psbA and other chloroplast genes.
A conceptual framework of patient‐reported outcomes in people with venous leg ulcers
Authors: Ruseckaite Rasa , Richards Catelyn , Rutherford Claudia , Team Victoria , Turnour Louise , Franks Peter , Weller Carolina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVenous leg ulcers (VLUs) are a common chronic often undertreated condition, which affects individual's health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Numerous patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been validated to capture HRQoL in patients with VLUs. However, available instruments contain many items, are hard to use in clinical practice, and present with weak responsiveness. This study aims to determine clinical utility of an existing VLU‐QoL instrument and to develop a comprehensive PROs assessment framework to guide clinical practice treatment in people with VLUs in Australia. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with VLU patients (N = 13) and their managing clinicians (N = 6) in Victoria, Australia. Interview topics covered content and face validity, appropriateness, and acceptability of the VLU‐QoL instrument to determine suitable and appropriate for use in clinical practice. Clinicians and patients agreed that a VLU‐QoL instrument was needed in clinical practice. Both clinicians and patients agreed it would be appropriate to answer PROMs questions prior to consultation with clinicians every 3–6 months. However, patients considered that some of the questions are ambiguous and too technical. Patients reported that it would be useful to include additional items relating to daily wound care, compression bandaging, and dressings. Clinicians reported that the VLU‐QoL instrument was too long and required restructuring to facilitate utility in practice. A conceptual framework for HRQoL in VLUs included traditional HRQoL components and VLU‐specific issues. Overall, the VLU‐QoL was well accepted, although changes to make it more concise, comprehensive, and to clearly reflect consumers' perspectives were lacking. The proposed conceptual framework will inform the development of a new PROM for use by clinicians and patients in clinical settings.
Mixing Efficiency Comparison of Symmetric and Asymmetric Airfoil Blades in a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
Authors: Woradej Manosroi , Jirayu Thongsanitkarn , Parinya Ruangsak 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study compared mixing efficiencies of the symmetric and asymmetric airfoil blades in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) at various mixing velocities and angles of attack. The symmetric airfoil blades (NACA0009 and NACA0015) and asymmetric airfoil blades (NACA2414 and NACA4412) were set at different angles of attack and mixing velocities. The tank reactor was equipped with two sets of three airfoil blades at the upper and the lower parts of the stirring shafts at the angles of attack 0 deg, 10 deg, 16 deg, and 20 deg, and the mixing velocities of 80, 110, 140, and 190 rpm. The mixing efficiencies were evaluated from the homogenous appearance of plastic particles (5 mm in diameter) dispersed in water by an image processing technique. The results indicated that the mixing efficiencies of both the symmetric and asymmetric airfoil blades increased with increasing mixing velocities and at the angles of attack 0 deg and 10 deg, and slightly decreased with increasing mixing velocities at the angles of attack 16 deg and 20 deg due to the blade stall and mixing saturation as well as short-circuiting flow from the high flowrate. There was no significant mixing velocity effect on mixing efficiencies at the angles of attack 10 deg, 16 deg, and 20 deg except 0 deg of the symmetric and asymmetric airfoil blade systems. The two asymmetric airfoil blade types gave higher mixing efficiencies than the two symmetric airfoil blade types. The results from this study can be applied for a novel blade design for an efficient mixing flow, which will be beneficial for industrial biogas production.
Development and Test of a Direct Contact Heat Exchanger (Particle - Air) for Industrial Process Heat Applications
Authors: Hertel Johannes , Ebert Miriam , Amsbeck Lars , Gobereit Birgit , Rheinländer Jens , Hirt Alexander , Frantz Cathy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A direct absorption receiver using ceramic particles (CentRec) has been successfully developed by DLR and tested under solar conditions at the Juelich Solar Power Tower, demonstrating receiver outlet temperatures of more than 900 °C. The next step towards commercial application of the technology is to demonstrate a cost-effective, high temperature heat extraction and transfer to a process medium. Besides e.g. steam for electricity generation in a steam turbine, hot air can be used to supply heat to industrial processes with energy demand at high temperature level.
A great potential for higher efficiencies and lower costs has been identified for a moving bed heat exchanger. Several concepts of direct contact heat exchangers have been analyzed and evaluated. The selected concept is a combination of several crossflow-sections that are arranged in series with fluid-mixing-chambers between each crossflow-section.
Based on the selected design a heat exchanger prototype with 10 kW thermal power and a design air outlet temperature of 750 °C has been built and integrated into a test setup.
The test setup provides particles at 900 °C that are heated up electrically inside a hopper on top of the heat exchanger. Hot particles are then moving downwards (moving bed) from the hopper through the direct contact heat exchanger driven by gravity. Cold air supplied by a compressor flows through the particle bed in cross-flow and is heated up. The hot air flow leaves the heat exchanger with a temperature of 750 °C. The particle mass flow is controlled by an oscillating mass flow controller, positioned under the heat exchanger. The cold particles are collected in a container on the bottom. The particle cycle is closed by transporting them back to the hopper. A measurement and control system is implemented to carry out the tests.
The test setup has undergone successful commissioning in October and an extensive testing phase started in January 2019.
This paper presents the development and manufacturing as well as the successful commissioning of the heat exchanger prototype.
Heat Current Method Based Modeling and Optimization of a Solar-Driven Absorption Chiller for Residential Houses
Authors: Chen Qun , Zhao Tian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The utilization of solar energy is attracting rapidly increasing researches due to its many advantages, and an important application is to satisfy the refrigeration demand of residents with the solar-assisted absorption chillers. However, the simple solar-assisted refrigeration system cannot always meet the cooling demand of residents due to the mismatch between solar power and the refrigeration load. Therefore, the thermal energy storage device is introduced into the solar-assisted system to increase the stability of the refrigeration system and reduce the waste of solar energy. In this contribution, a solar-assisted absorption chiller system together with the TES device is presented and optimized to minimize the operation cost of the system. The system is modeled using the newly proposed heat current method and its global constraints are constructed, which largely reduces the number of the constraints comparing to the traditional equation-oriented approach. Optimization results present that the optimized design of the system reduces the total operation cost effectively.
Effects of Baffle Width on Heat Transfer to an Immersed Coil Heat Exchanger: Experimental Optimization
Authors: Nicodemus Julia Haltiwanger , Huang Xiaoqi , Dentinger Emily , Petitt Kyle , Smith Joshua H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the effects of the width of an annular baffle region on natural convection heat transfer to an immersed, coiled heat exchanger in an otherwise quiescent sensible hot water storage tank. In experiments, the coiled heat exchanger sits in an annular region created by the tank wall and a straight, cylindrical baffle. The width of this baffle region is 1.5, 2, 3, or 4 times the heat exchanger diameter, These experiments are compared to each other and to corresponding control experiments with no baffle. In general, all baffles create considerable benefits over their respective control experiments, consistent with past studies. The considered metrics of heat transfer rate, fraction of energy discharged from the tank, and heat exchanger outlet temperature show that heat transfer is improved slightly by narrowing the baffle region. For example, relative to their respective controls, the energy extracted from the tank after 30 min of discharge in the 1.5D, 2D, 3D and 4D experiments is 23.2%, 20.8%, 18.1%, and 14.7% higher, respectively. This improvement in natural convection heat transfer as the baffle region narrows is attributed to the increasing thermal stratification observed in experiments with increasingly narrow baffle regions.
Renewable Hydrogen Production via Thermochemical/Electrochemical Coupling
Authors: Babiniec Sean M. , Ambrosini Andrea , Miller James E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A coupled thermochemical/electrochemical cycle was investigated to produce hydrogen from renewable resources. Like a conventional thermochemical cycle, this approach leverages chemical energy stored in a thermochemical working material that is reduced thermally by solar energy. However, in this concept, the stored chemical energy provides only a fraction of the energy required for effectively splitting steam to produce hydrogen. To push the reaction towards completion, an electrically-assisted proton-conducting membrane is employed to separate and recover hydrogen as it is produced. This novel coupled-cycle concept provides several benefits. First, the required oxidation enthalpy of the reversible thermochemical material is decreased, enabling the process to occur at lower temperatures. Second, removing the requirement for spontaneous steam splitting widens the scope of materials compositions, allowing for less expensive/more abundant elements to be used. Lastly, thermodynamics calculations suggest that this concept can potentially reach higher efficiencies than photovoltaic-to-electrolysis hydrogen production. A novel thermochemical/electrochemical test stand was conceptualized and constructed to prove the concept, and the practical feasibility of the proposed coupled cycle was assessed by validating the individual components of the system: proton conduction across a BaCe0.1Zr0.8Y0.1O3-δ (BCZY18) membrane, thermochemical activity of the CaAl0.2Mn0.8O3−δ (CAM28) working material reduced at 650 °C, and indirect observation of hydrogen production.
The Influence of Structure on the Electrochemical and Thermal Response of Li-Ion Battery Electrodes
Authors: Patel Prehit , Nelson George J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The continued advancement of lithium ion batteries for transportation applications requires addressing two key challenges: increasing energy density and providing fast charging capabilities. The first of these challenges can be met in part through the use of thicker electrodes, which reduce the electrochemically inactive mass of the cell. However, implementation of thick electrodes inherently presents a trade-off with respect to fast charging capabilities. As thickness is increased, transport limitations exert greater influence on battery performance and reduce the ability of the battery to meet aggressive charge conditions. This trade-off can manifest over multiple length scales. At the particle-scale, interactions between solid diffusion and reaction kinetics influence the effective storage of lithium within the active material. At the electrode scale, diffusion limitations can lead to local variations in salt concentrations and electric potential. These short-range and long-range effects can combine to influence local current and heat generation. In the present work, a pseudo-2D lithium ion battery model is applied to understand how active material particle size, porosity, and electrode thickness impact local field variables, current, heat generation, and cell capacity within a single cell stack. COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2 is used to implement the pseudo-2D model of a lithium ion battery consisting of a graphite negative electrode, polymer separator, and lithium transition metal oxide positive electrode. Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in 1:1 ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethylene carbonate (DEC) was used as the electrolyte. The model was built assuming that the active particles are representative spherical particles. The governing equations and boundary conditions were set following the common Newman model. Cell response under varied combinations of charge and discharge cycling is assessed for rates of 1C and 5C. Aggressive charge and discharge conditions lead to locally elevated C-rates and attendant increases in local heat generation. These variations can be impacted in part by tailoring electrode structures. To this end, results for parametric studies of active material particle size, porosity, and electrode thickness are presented and discussed.
Two Parameter J-A Estimation for Weld Centerline Cracks in Welded Single-Edge Cracked Plate Under Tensile Loading
Authors: Duan Chuanjie , Zhang Shuhua 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This work examines the J–A two-parameter characterization of elastic–plastic crack front fields for weld centerline cracks under tensile loading. Extensive finite element analyses (FEA) have been conducted to obtain solutions of constraint parameter A, which is the second parameter in a three-term elastic-plastic asymptotic expansion for the stress field near the tip of mode-I crack, for modified boundary layer (MBL) model and welded single-edge cracked plate (SECP). Solutions of the constraint parameter A were obtained for the material following the Ramberg-Osgood power law. The crack geometries analyzed include shallow and deep cracks, and remote tension loading levels cover from small-scale to large-scale yielding conditions. The effects of weld material mismatch and weld width on crack tip constraint were considered in the FEA. A constraint parameter AM, only caused by material strength mismatch, is defined and its parametric equation was obtained. The total constraint in the bi-material weldment can be predicted by adding together AM and A in the homogeneous material. Good agreements were achieved for welded SECP specimen with different crack size and weld width from small-scale to large-scale yielding conditions. This methodology would be useful for performing constraint-based elastic-plastic fracture analyses of other welded test specimens.
Wave Impact Load and Corresponding Nonlinear Response of a Semi-Submersible
Authors: Guo Yinghao , Xiao Longfei , Wei Handi , Li Lei , Deng Yanfei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Offshore platforms operating in harsh ocean environments often suffer from severe wave impacts which threaten the structural integrity and staffs safety. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the wave impact load and its effect on the global response of a semi-submersible. First, two typical wave impact events occurring successively in the wave test run are analyzed, including the characteristics of incident waves, relative wave elevations and the spatial distribution of the wave impact load. Subsequently, the corresponding global response of the semi-submersible under these two wave impacts are investigated in time domain. It reveals that compared with the incident wave, the relative wave elevation has a more straightforward relationship with the wave impact load. The relative wave crest height is associated with the spatial distribution of the wave impact load, while the local wave steepness matters more in the magnitude of the wave impact load. The impulsive effect of the wave impact load on the motion behaviors is not obvious. But severe wave impacts can introduce excessive horizontal accelerations and nonlinear behaviors like ringing in the acceleration response.
Effects of Tubercles on Blade and Wake of HAMCT in Post Stall Regimes: Linear Cascade Study
Authors: Dondapati Varun Raj , Kantharaj Murali 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of the current work is to find out the effects of tubercles on the blade and wake of the turbine, which could be used in situations, where interaction among the array turbines is inevitable. Steady simulations are performed on a linear cascade setup of modified and unmodified infinite span NACA 63421 section blade, at Reynolds numbers 5 × 105 and 106 at inboard (low radial location) spacing. The tubercles used are at the scale of the boundary layer. The study showed that the boundary layer scale tubercles are advantageous only at higher Re and deeper stall regimes.
On the Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to Assess the Impact of Low-Load Operations on Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) Tube Module Integrity
Authors: Fabricius Andreas , Moelling David S. , Rusaas Jan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
As the electricity market has evolved with the addition of renewables to the generation mix, Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSGs) that were originally designed for base load conditions are now frequently forced to operate in a cycling and/or low-load regime. This can lead to front end tube-to header fatigue, creep or creep-fatigue failures, often induced by Gas Turbine (GT) flow imbalances causing locally-elevated tube temperatures and/or bending stresses on joints due to large temperature differences between tube rows. This paper focuses on the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a tool to analyze the risks of shifting operation mode. Exhaust gas flow profiles were analyzed for various low load conditions in two power plants with differing vertical designs. One of the plants had already moved into cycling mode and suffered tube failures that were directly related to low-load (and start-up) exhaust flow patterns, the other plant is projected to operate in a frequent cycling mode in the near future. The contribution of CFD to identifying the conditions that lead to failure for the first plant is presented, along with projections on the potential impact of lowload operation on the second plant design in terms of risk of hotend tube failures. Mechanisms to reduce the failure risk, such as addition of flow-conditioning devices, are also investigated.
Optimization of Engine Performance and Emission for Various n-Butanol Blends at Different Operating Parameter Condition Using MADM Technique
Authors: Patil Amit R. , Desai Avinash D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In present work, optimization of engine performance and emission were performed for different butanol diesel blends (5–20%) for various engine operating parameter using Taguchi DoE with AHP Optimization Technique. Single cylinder VCR Engine (CI) was fueled with different blend of diesel and butanol and tested for various CR, FIP and FIT at different load conditions (Idle, 1/3, 2/3 and full load). First 3-D interaction plot is drawn to understand the effect of different engine parameter on butanol-diesel blend combustion at different load conditions for NOx and Smoke formation. It’s observed that result vary with changes in operating parameter with different load conditions. Hence to optimize the engine operating parameter setting for correct butanol blend for all load conditions, AHP optimization with Taguchi DoE is performed and it’s found that butanol blend of 15% with CR of 15, FIP of 260bar and FIT of 25°bTDC is optimum combination to get lowest emission with good engine performance. The use of 15% butanol is found most suitable as it gives favorable engine performance and low emission for all test load conditions.
Multilevel Optimal Design of a Solar PV Array System Using Game Theory Approach
Authors: Lee Hoe-Gil 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study proposes a method, grounded in a multilevel decision-making approach, for a stationary fixed-plate photovoltaic (PV) collector system. The system is comprised of three different subsystems: cell, panel, and array. We consider photovoltaic effects for output performance and an inverter system for distribution from the PV collector, including multiple conflicting objectives in individual subsystems in terms of cell conversion efficiency, power output, incident solar energy, seasonal characteristics, and costs. In terms of the performance in individual subsystems, the problem is reformulated into several smaller subproblems at each subsystem, and a coordination problem at the system level is compromised for optimization purposes. Multilevel optimization for the stationary fixed-plate PV collector system is achieved through the results of single-objective optimization that uses Genetic Algorithm programming (GA) to find global optimum solutions with decision-making under modified game theory. Thus, this work contributes to the optimal design of a stationary fixed-plate PV collector system for the best compromise solution based on specified requirements.