bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A research on the relationship between the structure of nuclear energy and string theory, energy, wormhole
Authors: Tiancheng Zhang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the 1870s, Europe entered the era of electric revolution. Not only large enterprises, but also small enterprises have adopted new power - electric energy. At first, an engine equipment only supplies lighting power for a house or a street. People call this kind of power station a “household type” power station, which produces very little power.The power plant was originally direct current. Edison, a famous American inventor, started to build the central power plant in 1881. In 1882, two power plants with initial scale were put into operation. In January 1882, the Edison Company of Holland bridge in London began to generate electricity to supply the city cathedral and bridgehead hotel in the west of the post office bridge of the San Marco factory. Later, a water power station appeared on the fintan River in Petersburg, Russia. The power station was built on a barge to provide power for the lighting of Nevsky street. In the early stage of power production and transmission, there was a long and fierce debate about whether it was DC or AC. Edison advocated the use of DC, and people have thought about various ways to expand the scope of DC power supply, so that the power supply situation in small and medium-sized cities has been significantly improved. The use of nuclear energy to produce power plants, also known as nuclear power plants (NPPs). There is a strong binding force between the nuclei (neutrons and protons). When heavy nucleus splits and light nucleus polymerizes, it will release huge energy, which is called nuclear energy.The technology has been relatively mature, forming a scale of operation, but the nuclear power plant that produces electric energy from the nuclear energy released by heavy nuclear fission is analyzed from the point of view of energy conversion, which is a conversion process from heavy nuclear fission nuclear energy to heat energy to mechanical energy to electric energy. Now that we have more advanced nuclear power technology, this paper introduces a new power plant concept and its relationship with microphysics.
Compression property of hierarchical pyramid lattice
Authors: Tao Liu , Guodong Zhu , Na Yang , Jianfeng Wang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hierarchical lattice structures have excellent mechanical and multi-functional properties. A novel hierarchical pyramid lattice structure was designed and the mechanical behaviours were studied using a finite element method. In order to reflect the advantages of hierarchical pyramid lattice structure, the compression simulation of the traditional pyramid lattice structure with the same relative density was also carried out. The results showed that the designed hierarchical pyramid lattice structure increased the buckling resistance, reduced the stress concentration at the joint of panel and core, and increased the energy absorption performance and specific strength. The designed hierarchical pyramid lattice structure contributes to the expansion of hierarchical lattice structure.
Effect of different synthesis temperature on the bleeding performance of polycarboxylate superplasticizer
Authors: Xiong Qiumin , Lai Guangxing , Dang Wei , Xu Han , Li Guangzhou , Guan Jican , Guo Xiujuan , Xie Muhe , Chen Xiaobing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, polycarboxylate superplasticizers were synthesized by free radical solution polymerization under different synthesis temperature conditions. The bleeding performance of polycarboxylate superplasticizers under different synthesis temperature conditions was discussed by paste test and concrete test, and the structure of polycarboxylate superplasticizers was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results show that the bleeding and slump retention performance of polycarboxylate superplasticizer can be effectively improved by properly increasing the synthesis temperature, and the better synthesis temperature was 55 °C. With the temperature increase, the molecular weight of polycarboxylate superplasticizers increases first and then decreases. The infrared spectra of polycarboxylate superplasticizers synthesized at different temperatures were not significantly different.
Research of Properties and Preparation of Waterborne Polyurethane Adhesives for Shoes
Authors: Xi-Lan LI , Jia-Long SONG , Xiu-Fen GUO , Guag-Yan SUN 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a waterborne polyurethane adhesive for shoes has been prepared by a composite method, and a series of tests such as peel strength, heat resistance, yellowing resistance, and hydrolysis resistance were performed on the sample. The results show that the performance of the water-based polyurethane adhesive prepared by this method has reached the level of similar products in the market. It has great promotion significance in shoe factories.
Dynamic and static quenching of 2-aminopurine fluorescence by the natural DNA nucleotides in solution
Authors: Paterson Kyle A , Arlt Jochen , Jones Anita C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
2-aminopurine (2AP) is a responsive fluorescent base analogue that is used widely as a probe of the local molecular environment in DNA. The ability of 2AP to report changes in local conformation and base-stacking interactions arises from the efficient quenching of its fluorescence by the natural DNA bases. However, the mechanism of this inter-base quenching remains imperfectly understood. Two previous studies of the collisional quenching of 2AP by the natural bases, in different buffer solutions, showed that dynamic quenching efficiency depends on the identity of the natural base, but disagreed on the relative quenching efficiencies of the bases. We report a comprehensive investigation of inter-base quenching of 2AP by the natural nucleoside monophosphates (NMPs), replicating the buffer conditions used in the previous studies. Using time-resolved fluorescence measurements to distinguish between dynamic and static quenching, we find that the dynamic quenching rate constants of the different bases show a consistent trend across both buffers, and this is in line with a charge-transfer mechanism. Time-resolved measurements also provide insight into static quenching, revealing formation of 2AP-NMP ground-state complexes in which 2AP displays a very short fluorescence lifetime, comparable to that seen in oligonucleotides. In these complexes, the dependence of the rate of quenching on the partner base also supports a charge-transfer mechanism.
Cardiac Troponin I and T Are Associated with Left Ventricular Function and Structure: Data from the Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 Study
Authors: Lyngbakken Magnus Nakrem , Aagaard Erika Nerdrum , Kvisvik Brede , Berge Trygve , Pervez Mohammad Osman , Brynildsen Jon , Tveit Arnljot , Steine Kjetil , Røsjø Helge , Omland Torbjørn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and T (cTnT) are associated with clinical cardiac outcomes, but do not correlate closely in subjects recruited from the general population. Accordingly, we hypothesized that cTnI and cTnT concentrations would be influenced by different cardiovascular (CV) and non-CV risk factors and reflect different CV phenotypes.

Methods
We measured cTnI and cTnT with last generation assays in 1236 women and 1157 men with no known CV disease participating in the prospective observational Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 Study. All study participants underwent extensive CV phenotyping at baseline, including detailed echocardiography.

Results
Concentrations of cTnI were measurable in 60.3% and cTnT in 72.5% of study participants (P &lt; 0.001), and correlated moderately (r = 0.53; P &lt; 0.001). cTnI was more strongly associated with male sex (P = 0.018), higher education (P &lt; 0.001), history of hypertension (P &lt; 0.001), and age (P &lt; 0.001), whereas cTnT was more strongly associated with eGFR (P = 0.015). Both cTnI and cTnT were inversely associated with global longitudinal strain and positively associated with LV mass index (LVMI) in analyses adjusted for CV risk factors. The association between cTnI and LVMI was stronger than the association between cTnT and LVMI (P = 0.035). Concentrations of cTnI improved diagnostic accuracy for LV hypertrophy when added to established CV risk factors, but concentrations of cTnT did not improve these models further.

Conclusions
In a large community-based cohort examined with extensive echocardiography, concentrations of cTnI and cTnT are associated with subclinical LV hypertrophy and dysfunction. Concentrations of cTnI appear superior to cTnT in predicting subclinical LV hypertrophy.
KRGDB: the large-scale variant database of 1722 Koreans based on whole genome sequencing
Authors: Jung Kwang Su , Hong Kyung-Won , Jo Hyun Youn , Choi Jongpill , Ban Hyo-Jeong , Cho Seong Beom , Chung Myungguen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Since 2012, the Center for Genome Science of the Korea National Institute of Health (KNIH) has been sequencing complete genomes of 1722 Korean individuals. As a result, more than 32 million variant sites have been identified, and a large proportion of the variant sites have been detected for the first time. In this article, we describe the Korean Reference Genome Database (KRGDB) and its genome browser. The current version of our database contains both single nucleotide and short insertion/deletion variants. The DNA samples were obtained from four different origins and sequenced in different sequencing depths (10× coverage of 63 individuals, 20× coverage of 194 individuals, combined 10× and 20× coverage of 135 individuals, 30× coverage of 230 individuals and 30× coverage of 1100 individuals). The major features of the KRGDB are that it contains information on the Korean genomic variant frequency, frequency difference between the Korean and other populations and the variant functional annotation (such as regulatory elements in ENCODE regions and coding variant functions) of the variant sites. Additionally, we performed the genome-wide association study (GWAS) between Korean genome variant sites for the 30×230 individuals and three major common diseases (diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome). The association results are displayed on our browser. The KRGDB uses the MySQL database and Apache-Tomcat web server adopted with Java Server Page (JSP) and is freely available at http://coda.nih.go.kr/coda/KRGDB/index.jsp.
Availability: http://coda.nih.go.kr/coda/KRGDB/index.jsp
Left ventricular myocardial crypts: morphological patterns and prognostic implications
Authors: Sigvardsen Per E , Pham Michael H C , Kühl Jørgen T , Fuchs Andreas , Afzal Shoaib , Møgelvang Rasmus , Nordestgaard Børge G , Køber Lars , Kofoed Klaus F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aims
Left ventricular (LV) myocardial crypts are considered a subtle marker of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, crypts have also been observed in seemingly healthy individuals and it is unknown whether myocardial crypts are associated with adverse outcome.

Methods and results
Myocardial crypts were defined as invaginations traversing &gt;50% of the myocardial wall and assessed using contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography in 10 097 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study. Number of crypts, location, shape, penetrance, and volume were assessed. The endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events and defined as death, myocardial infarction, heart failure, or stroke. Cox regression models were adjusted for clinical variables, medical history, electrocardiographic parameters, and cardiac chamber sizes. A total of 1199 LV myocardial crypts were identified in 915 (9.1%) individuals. Seven hundred (6.9%) had one crypt and 215 (2.1%) had multiple crypts. During a median follow-up of 4.0 years (interquartile range 1.5–6.7), major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 619 individuals. Individuals with one or multiple crypts had a hazard ratio for major adverse cardiovascular events of 1.00 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72–1.40; P = 0.98] and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.47–1.75; P = 0.76), respectively, compared with those with no crypts. No specific pattern of crypt location, shape, penetrance, or volume was associated to an increased hazard ratio for major adverse cardiovascular events.

Conclusion
LV myocardial crypts are frequent in the general population and are not associated with intermediate-term major adverse cardiovascular events.
Surface rupture in stochastic slip models
Authors: Murphy S , Herrero A 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARYAs an alternative to spectral methods, stochastic self-similar slip can be produced through a composite source model by placing a power-law scaling size-frequency distribution of circular slip dislocations on a fault surface. However these models do not accurately account for observed surface rupture behaviour. We propose a modification to the composite source model that corrects this issue. The advantage of this technique is that it accommodates the use of fractal slip distributions on non-planar fault surfaces. However to mimic a surface rupture using this technique, releasing the boundary condition at the top of the fault, we observed a systematic decrease in slip at shallow depths. We propose a new strategy whereby the surface is treated like a reflector with the slip being folded back onto the fault. Two different techniques based on this principal are presented: the first is the method of images. It requires a small change to pre-existing codes and works for planar faults. The second involves the use of a multistage trilateration technique. It is applied to non-planar faults described by an unstructured mesh. The reflected slip calculated using the two techniques is near identical on a planar fault, suggesting they are equivalent. Applying this correction, where reflected slip is accounted for in the composite source model, the lack of slip at shallow depths is not observed any more and there is no systematic trend with depth. However, there are other parameters which may affect the spatial distribution of slip across the fault plane. For example, the type of probability density function used in the placement of the subevent is also important. In the case where the location of maximum slip is known to a first order, a Gaussian may be appropriate to describe the probability function. For hazard assessment studies a uniform probability density function is more suitable as it provides no underlying systematic spatial trend.
Prolonged carriage of (livestock-associated) MRSA in individuals without professional livestock contact
Authors: Meijs Anouk P , Hengeveld Paul D , Dierikx Cindy M , Maassen Catharina B M , de Greeff Sabine C , de Haan Angela , Bosch Thijs , van Duijkeren Engeline 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate prolonged carriage of MRSA in adults from the general population living in a livestock-dense area, using WGS.

Methods
A cross-sectional study during 2014–15 among 2492 adults without professional livestock contact identified 14 (0.6%) nasal MRSA carriers, 10 of which carried livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA of multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) complex (MC) 398. Two years later, 12 MRSA-positive and 88 MRSA-negative participants provided a second nasal swab and filled in a short questionnaire. Isolates from persons who were MRSA positive at both timepoints were compared using MLVA and isolates with the same MLVA type were sequenced. The WGS data were used for core-genome MLST (cgMLST) and resistome analysis, including sequenced isolates from the national MRSA surveillance.

Results
All MRSA-negative persons tested negative again, while 6 of the 12 initially MRSA-positive persons tested positive again. MLVA revealed that isolate pairs from five individuals had the same MLVA type, of which three were LA-MRSA. cgMLST showed that the distance between these isolate pairs ranged between 3 and 13 genes, while the minimum distance to unrelated isolates from the national MRSA surveillance was 38 genes. Moreover, the resistome present in the five isolate pairs was identical within each pair. None of the prolonged carriers was hospitalized during the 3 months before the sampling moment and none of them with LA-MRSA had contact with livestock in this period.

Conclusions
Prolonged carriage of MRSA, including LA-MRSA, can be demonstrated after more than 30 months in persons without professional livestock contact.
Establishment of a Measurement System for Sphingolipids in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Based on Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, and Its Application in the Diagnosis of Carcinomatous Meningitis
Authors: Sakai Eri , Kurano Makoto , Morita Yoshifumi , Aoki Junken , Yatomi Yutaka 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Sphingolipids have been demonstrated to be involved in many human diseases. However, measurement of sphingolipids, especially of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and dihydro-sphingosine 1-phosphate (dhS1P), in blood samples requires strict sampling, since blood cells easily secrete these substances during sampling and storage, making it difficult to introduce measurement of sphingolipids in clinical laboratory medicine. On the other hand, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains few blood cells. Therefore, we attempted to establish a system based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the measurement of sphingolipids in the CSF, and applied it for the diagnosis of carcinomatous meningitis.

Methods
We developed and validated a LC-MS/MS-based measurement system for S1P and dhS1P and for ceramides and sphingosines, used this system to measure the levels of these sphingolipids in the CSF collected from the subjects with cancerous meningitis, and compared the levels with those in normal routine CSF samples.

Results
Both the measurement systems for S1P/dhS1P and for ceramides/sphingosines provided precision with the coefficient of variation below 20% for sphingolipids in the CSF samples. We also confirmed that the levels of S1P, as well as ceramides/sphingosines, in the CSF samples did not increase after the sampling. In the CSF samples collected from patients with cancerous meningitis, we observed that the ratio of S1P to ceramides/sphingosine and that of dhS1P to dihydro-sphingosine were higher than those in control samples.

Conclusions
We established and validated a measurement system for sphingolipids in the CSF. The system offers promise for being introduced into clinical laboratory testing.
Dietary phytonutrients and animal health: regulation of immune function during gastrointestinal infections
Authors: Williams Andrew R , Andersen-Civil Audrey I S , Zhu Ling , Blanchard Alexandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe composition of dietary macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, and fibers) and micronutrients (vitamins, phytochemicals) can markedly influence the development of immune responses to enteric infection. This has important implications for livestock production, where a significant challenge exists to ensure healthy and productive animals in an era of increasing drug resistance and concerns about the sector’s environmental footprint. Nutritional intervention may ultimately be a sustainable method to prevent disease and improve efficiency of livestock enterprises, and it is now well established that certain phytonutrients can significantly improve animal performance during challenge with infectious pathogens. However, many questions remain unanswered concerning the complex interplay between diet, immunity, and infection. In this review, we examine the role of phytonutrients in regulating immune and inflammatory responses during enteric bacterial and parasitic infections in livestock, with a specific focus on some increasingly well-studied phytochemical classes—polyphenols (especially proanthocyanidins), essential oil components (cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and carvacrol), and curcumin. Despite the contrasting chemical structures of these molecules, they appear to induce a number of similar immunological responses. These include promotion of mucosal antibody and antimicrobial peptide production, coupled with a strong suppression of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Although there have been some recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying their bioactivity, how these phytonutrients modulate immune responses in the intestine remains mostly unknown. We discuss the complex inter-relationships between metabolism of dietary phytonutrients, the gut microbiota, and the mucosal immune system, and propose that an increased understanding of the basic immunological mechanisms involved will allow the rational development of novel dietary additives to promote intestinal health in farmed animals.
Changes in genetic parameters for fitness and growth traits in pigs under genomic selection
Authors: Hidalgo Jorge , Tsuruta Shogo , Lourenco Daniela , Masuda Yutaka , Huang Yijian , Gray Kent A , Misztal Ignacy 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Genomic selection increases accuracy and decreases generation interval, speeding up genetic changes in the populations. However, intensive changes caused by selection can reduce the genetic variation and can strengthen undesirable genetic correlations. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in genetic parameters for fitness traits related with prolificacy (FT1) and litter survival (FT2 and FT3), and for growth (GT1 and GT2) traits in pigs over time. The data set contained 21,269 (FT1), 23,246 (FT2), 23,246 (FT3), 150,492 (GT1), and 150,493 (GT2) phenotypic records obtained from 2009 to 2018. The pedigree file included 369,776 animals born between 2001 and 2018, of which 39,103 were genotyped. Genetic parameters were estimated with bivariate models (FT1-GT1, FT1-GT2, FT2-GT1, FT2-GT2, FT3-GT1, and FT3-GT2) using 3-yr sliding subsets. With a Bayesian implementation using the GIBBS3F90 program computations were performed as genomic analysis (GEN) or pedigree-based analysis (PED), that is, with or without genotypes, respectively. For GEN (PED), the changes in heritability from the first to the last year interval, that is, from 2009–2011 to 2015–2018 were 8.6 to 5.6 (7.9 to 8.8) for FT1, 7.8 to 7.2 (7.7 to 10.8) for FT2, 11.4 to 7.6 (10.1 to 7.5) for FT3, 35.1 to 16.5 (32.5 to 23.7) for GT1, and 35.9 to 16.5 (32.6 to 24.1) for GT2. Differences were also observed for genetic correlations as they changed from −0.31 to −0.58 (−0.28 to −0.73) for FT1-GT1, −0.32 to −0.50 (−0.29 to −0.74) for FT1-GT2, −0.27 to −0.45 (−0.30 to −0.65) for FT2-GT1, −0.28 to −0.45 (−0.32 to −0.66) for FT2-GT2, 0.14 to 0.17 (0.11 to 0.04) for FT3-GT1, and 0.14 to 0.18 (0.11 to 0.05) for FT3-GT2. Strong selection in pigs reduced heritabilities and emphasized the antagonistic genetic relationships between fitness and growth traits. With genotypes considered, heritability estimates were smaller and genetic correlations were greater than estimates with only pedigree and phenotypes. When selection is based on genomic information, genetic parameters estimated without this information can be biased because preselection is not accounted for by the model.