bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solidifying Essential Balm into Electrospun Core-sheath Nanofibers for Prolonged Release
Authors: Zhao Kun , Yang Yao-Yao , Kang Shi-Xiong , Yu Deng-Guang 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Essential Balm (EB) is a commonly used medicine with high volatility and
short shelf-life during storage.

Objective:
Slowing down the volatilization rate of EB and exploring the effect of fiber on the volatilization
rate of EB.

Methods:
In this study, electrospinning technology was used to convert the liquid EB into solid EB
in order to improve the balm’s storage and longevity.

Results:
Specifically, core-sheath nanofibers coated with EB were prepared by traditional coaxial
electrospinning technology, in which polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 was used as polymer sheath to reduce
the volatilization of EB in the core layer. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that
the core-sheath flow rate ratio is proportional to the sizes and number of spindles. EB was successfully
placed into the fibers and showed good compatibility with the carriers. Infrared spectroscopy
indicated the presence of a hydrogen bond between them. Volatility tests showed that all prepared
composites could delay the volatility of EB and improve its physical stability.

Conclusion:
This methodology can be applied toward increasing the shelf-life of liquid drugs by
using core-sheath nanofibers. The core-sheath fibers with good morphology are more propitious to
delay the volatilization rate of EB.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF STANDARDIZED CINNAMON BARK EXTRACT FOR THE PREVENTION OF CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED WEIGHT LOSS AND ALOPECIA IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER: A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, AND PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY
Authors: AJAY MEHTA  , SUCHITRA MEHTA  , PRASAD THAKURDESAI  
Published: October 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of IND02 (standardized Cinnamon bark extract) supplementation for the prevention of side effects of cancer chemotherapy in female patients with breast cancer.
Methods: The study was conducted using double-blind, placebo-controlled design in 34 female breast cancer patients during the first 4 consecutive 21-day cycles of the standard chemotherapy regimen. The active treatment (IND02 capsules, 400 mg, one capsule, and thrice a day) or matching placebo was orally administrated in randomized (1:1 ratio) patients. The efficacy outcome measures were reduction in chemotherapy-induced weight loss, alopecia (hair fall), and other side effects. The safety outcome measures were hematology, ECG, vital signs, adverse event monitoring, and laboratory safety measurements.
Results: The patients on the treatment with IND02 had shown significant protection from chemotherapy-induced severe weight loss (cachexia) and alopecia (reduced hair density and % hairs in the anagen phase, and increased % hairs in telogen phase) which was seen in the placebo group. IND02 treatment was found safe and well-tolerated during the study.
Conclusion: Concomitant use of IND02 in breast cancer patients during breast cancer chemotherapy showed a clinical promise regarding efficacy and safety in preventing chemotherapy-induced weight loss and alopecia.
BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF KERATIN NANOPARTICLES FROM DOVE FEATHER (COLUMBA LIVIA) AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Authors: NANTHAVANAN P  , KANDASAMY ARUNGANDHI  , SUNMATHI D  , NIRANJANA J  
Published: October 2020

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to synthesize keratin nanoparticles from dove feathers.
Methods: Crude keratin was extracted by chemical method. The protein content was estimated by Lowry’s method and it was found to be 0.18 mg/ml. The keratin nanoparticles were obtained using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent.
Results: A single peak maximum at 270 nm corresponds to the surface plasmon resonance of keratin nanoparticles was observed in the ultraviolet-visible spectrum. The size of keratin nanoparticles was 78 nm. The crystalline size of keratin nanoparticles was 79.6 nm and it was obtained by X-ray diffraction. The antibacterial activity of crude keratin and keratin nanoparticles was determined which revealed that keratin nanoparticles showed higher zone of inhibition than crude keratin protein against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. Keratin nanoparticles showed higher antioxidant activity than crude keratin.
Conclusion: Biological synthesis of nanoparticles has many advantages such as ecofriendly and low cost and can be synthesized in large scale. The keratin nanoparticles can be applied in wound dressing, biosorbent, and cosmetics.
ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITY OF QUERCUS INFECTORIA GALLS ON ROTHIA DENTOCARIOSA ISOLATED FROM DENTAL CARIES
Authors: AMBULKAR S  , TALE V  , KHILARI S  , PAWAR J  
Published: October 2020

Objective: The present study aimed to study Quercus infectoria gall extract for phytochemical analysis, antibacterial, and antibiofilm activity against Rothia dentocariosa isolated from dental caries.
Methods: R. dentocariosa was isolated, characterized, and identified by 16S rRNA sequence and also checked for biofilm formation ability. Phytochemical analysis of Q. infectoria aqueous gall extracts was carried out. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity was performed using agar well diffusion method and microtiter plate assay, respectively.
Results: Bacterial isolate from dental caries was identified as R. dentocariosa by 16s rRNA sequencing technique with accession number MH824681 obtained from NCBI. Phytochemical analysis of Q. infectoria aqueous gall extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenol, tannin, glycosides, phenolic compound, and flavonoids. Significant antibacterial activity was observed with 19.00 (±7.07) mm diameter zone of inhibition. The biofilm inhibition assay was performed by microtiter plate method indicated 92.89% inhibition of bacteria at the concentration of 100 mg/mL of aqueous extract.
Conclusion: The results indicated the efficacy of Q. infectoria gall extracts that could be explored as an alternative to current treatment.
EFFECT OF NOISE STRESS-INDUCED NEUROBEHAVIORAL CHANGES ON WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Authors: ARCHANA ARJUNAN  , RAVINDRAN RAJAN  
Published: October 2020

Objective: The study aims to investigate the effect of acute noise stress on cognitive functions in male Wistar albino rats.
Methods: Adult albino rats were randomly divided into two groups. Each group contains six animals. Rats exposed to acute noise stress (100 dB/4 h) were compared with control animal and assessed for cognition using T-maze, hole-board test, open-field test, marble burying test, and social interaction behavior.
Results: The rats exposed to acute noise stress showed the significance (p<0.05) of behavioral alterations such as impaired learning and memory, memory retention, increased fear and anxiety, obsessive–compulsive behavior, social avoidance, and decreased social interaction.
Conclusion: The results report that acute noise stress affects the cognition, and it became chronic may confer the increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders.
EFFECT OF FATTY ACID BASED FUNCTIONAL LIPIDOMICS IN WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER
Authors: PREETHIKA A  , SUCHETHA KUMARI N  
Published: October 2020

Objective: Lipid metabolism alteration is a prominent feature during malignant transformation. We investigated the difference in plasma fatty acids (FAs) and molecular biomarkers in breast cancer women and controls.
Methods: This comparative study was carried out on eighty breast cancer women and forty control women. FAs were analyzed in gas chromatography and calculated as a percentage of total FAs. FA molecular markers were estimated by the FA data. Non-parametric statistical tests were used.
Results: Saturated FAs were higher in the case group. Control group had higher linoleic acid (p=0.04), suggesting decreased desaturase activity. N-6 FAs were higher and n-3 FAs were lower in breast cancer cases. The n6/n3 ratio, cardiovascular risk ratio (p<0.001), and inflammatory risk ratio were high, whereas saturation index and unsaturation index (p=0.05) were lower in breast cancer cases.
Conclusion: Lipidomics of the cell membrane is significantly influenced by FAs, and the dietary FAs regulate the enzymatic activities in the FA metabolism pathway.
NIGELLA SATIVA OIL AS AN ADD-ON IN THE CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY: A NOVEL SYNERGISTIC APPROACH
Authors: MOHD ASHRAF ALAM  , MOHAMMAD NASIRUDDIN  , SHAHZAD F HAQUE  , RAHAT A KHAN  
Published: October 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate efficacy and safety Nigella sativa oil as an add-on therapy in addition to alpha-keto analog of essential amino acids in patients diabetic nephropathy (DN).
Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary care center of North India on patients of DN. It was a prospective, comparative, and open labeled study. Patients were randomly divided into two interventional groups. Group I (control) received conservative management of chronic kidney disease consisting of alpha-keto analog (600 mg tab. 3 times a day), while Group II (test) received conservative management along with alpha-keto analog and N. sativa oil (2.5 ml, per orally, once daily) for 12 weeks. Hemogram and renal function, serum electrolytes tests were done, and adverse events were recorded at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment.
Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, there was a marked improvement in clinical features and biochemical parameters in both the control and test groups, but it was more statistically significant in the test group as compared to control group especially in renal function (p≤0.05). Both groups showed steady improvement in the biochemical parameters as compared to their pre-treated values which were more marked in N. sativa oil supplemented group. There was a reduction in blood glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine, and 24-h total urine protein, and an increase in hemoglobin, 24-h total urine volume, and glomerular filtration rate.
Conclusion: N. sativa oil supplementation along with alpha-keto analog is more efficacious and safer in delaying the progression of disease patients of DN.
FACTORS AFFECTING QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH POST-TRANSFEMORAL AMPUTATION
Authors: NUR RACHMAT  , MOHAMMAD FANANI  , DARSONO DARSONO  , SUWARTO SUWARTO  
Published: October 2020

Objective: The study aims to investigate the contributions of self-efficacy, motivation, religiosity, social support, optimism, and subjective well-being as factors affecting quality of life on individuals with transfermoral amputation. Through empowerment, it is expected that there will be an increase in independence and socioeconomy. The ultimate goal of the empowerment process is for independence.
Methods: This study used observational analytic with cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study was 110 post-transfemoral amputation patients. Data taken from questionnaires of self-efficacy, motivation, religiosity, social support, optimism, subjective well-being and quality of life were analyzed using structural equation modeling.
Results: There was no influence of motivation on quality of life (critical ratio [CR]=0.535 <1.96; p=0.592 <0.05). There was a statistically significant positive effect of self-efficacy on quality of life (CR=3.082> 1.96; p=0.002 <0.05). There was a statistically significant positive effect of religiosity on quality of life (CR=2.919> 1.96; p=0.004 <0.05). There was no influence from social support for quality of life (CR=0.082 <1.96; p=0.935 <0.05). There was a statistically significant positive effect of optimism on quality of life (CR=2.307> 1.96; p=0.021 <0.05). There was a statistically significant positive effect of subjective well-being on quality of life (CR=2.089> 1.96; p=0.037 <0.05).
Conclusion: The quality of life of patients with post-transfemoral amputation is positively and significantly influenced by optimism, religiosity, self-efficacy, and subjective well-being.
Factores psicosociales en residentes sub-especialistas de neonatología Análisis de contenido desde el modelo demanda-control-apoyo social
Authors: Acosta-Fernández Martín , Aguilera-Velasco María De los Ángeles , Pozos-Radillo Blanca Elizabeth , Parra Osorio Liliana 
Published: October 2020

Introducción: La formación académica de residentes está asociada con la exposición a factores psicosociales de riesgo (FPSR) que pueden afectar su salud. Se investigó, bajo los modelos demanda-control-apoyo social y equilibrio esfuerzo-recompensa, la formación académica de residentes de una sub-especialidad en cuidados intensivos neonatales (RCIN).Objetivo: Conocer la exposición de RCIN a FPSR y su percepción de riesgo psicosocial.Método: Estudio cualitativo, seguimiento y análisis de contenido con base en la Guía de Referencia III de la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-035- STPS-2018, Factores de riesgo psicosocial en el trabajo: Identificación, análisis y prevención. Se realizaron 12 entrevistas en profundidad y el procesamiento de datos con Atlas.ti® v.8.4.3.Resultados: Participaron cuatro de cinco residentes de la generación. Durante primer año, los FPSR con un mayor número de testimonios fueron: características del liderazgo [49], cargas de alta responsabilidad [37] y maltrato psicológico [34]. La percepción de riesgo, influencia del trabajo fuera del centro laboral [35] por jornadas de trabajo extensas [29]. En segundo año características del liderazgo [104], escasa o nula retroalimentación del desempeño [31], maltrato verbal [37] y psicológico [27]. Para percepción de riesgo, influencia del trabajo fuera del centro laboral [10] y disminuyó control y autonomía sobre el trabajo [3]. En ambos años fue constante la exposición a características del liderazgo [153], cargas contradictorias o inconsistentes [69], relaciones sociales en el trabajo [68], maltrato psicológico [57] y verbal [41].Conclusiones: Los modelos demanda-control-apoyo social y equilibrio esfuerzo-recompensa explican profusamente las interacciones entre tareas académico-clínicas, la exposición a factores psicosociales de riesgo, y percepción de riesgos psicosociales en los residentes.La NOM-035-STPS-2018 pudiera ser el vehículo para ofrecer a los residentes un entorno organizacional más favorable durante su formación, priorizar el análisis de las exigencias derivadas del proceso de trabajo y exponerlos al menor riesgo psicosocial posible.
Desarrollo de competencias en alimentación de menores de dos años por internos de pediatría
Authors: Aguilar Liendo Ana María 
Published: October 2020

Introducción: Crecimiento y alimentación son temas básicos en pediatría; aunque su contenido es parte de pregrado, hay escasa evidencia sobre la adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades logradas.Objetivo: Evaluar competencias desarrolladas para promover alimentación y crecimiento adecuados en los dos primeros años de vida en internos de pediatría que rotan por dos hospitales con procesos educativos diferenciados.Método: Estudio cuasi experimental con intervención realizado en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia. Incluyó 17 internos del hospital 1, que no contaba con actividades educativas programadas para alimentación y crecimiento; y 24 del hospital 2, con actividades educativas programadas con siete horas teóricas y 25 prácticas, en modalidad individual y grupal, presencial y en línea. Se midieron las competencias con cuatro estaciones de evaluación clínica objetiva estructurada sobre consejería, lactancia materna, alimentación complementaria y crecimiento. Los datos se analizaron en SPSS. Para identificar las diferencias entre los grupos de comparación se utilizó la prueba t de Student, se comprobó normalidad y homogeneidad de varianzas, ajustó el valor de la t de Student si era menor a 0.05.Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que el grupo del hospital 2 tuvo una mejor respuesta en la evaluación clínica objetiva estructurada. En conocimientos, los internos del hospital 2 obtuvieron 23.86 puntos porcentuales de ventaja (p 0,000 IC95% –33.07 a –14.63) y una diferencia de 15.02% en la rúbrica (p 0.000 IC95% –20.68 a –9.35).Conclusiones: El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje diferenciado mejora conocimientos y habilidades de los internos de pediatría. Los factores que limitan el desarrollo de competencias son: falta de tiempo de los internos, la asignación de actividades no educativas y falta de oportunidad para aplicar cuidados preventivos y de promoción en hospitales; y el factor facilitador es el cumplimiento obligatorio de actividades teóricas y prácticas.
Simulación clínica y dimensiones de pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad privada
Authors: Chávez de la Rosa Daniel , Tass Rosado Jocelyn Dayani , Villarreal Del Valle Lineth Iluvinda , Sandoval Bernal Sergio Danset , González Mejía Verenice Zarahí 
Published: October 2020

Introducción: El pensamiento crítico es una competencia esencial en un médico general. Por su parte, la simulación clínica es una estrategia innovadora que propone el desarrollo de esta competencia, es por eso que su implementación es cada vez más frecuente en el nivel de pregrado de las escuelas de medicina.Objetivo: Comparar la autopercepción del pensamiento crítico entre un grupo de estudiantes de medicina que participó y uno que no participó en simulación clínica.Método: Estudio observacional, transversal, prospectivo. La población estuvo conformada por estudiantes de sexto y séptimo año de la carrera de medicina del ciclo escolar 2018-2019. Para fines del estudio se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial.Resultados: Participaron 62 alumnos universitarios, de los cuales 45.2% pertenecieron al género femenino y el 54.8% al masculino. No hubo diferencia significativa en la autopercepción del pensamiento crítico entre los dos grupos (p = > 0.05).Conclusiones: En este estudio la implementación de la simulación clínica no mostró diferencia en las autopercepciones del pensamiento crítico entre los grupos comparados.
Colaboración de tres escuelas de medicina de México en un examen clínico objetivo estructurado (ECOE)
Authors: Martínez-González Adrián , Sánchez Mendiola Melchor , Olivares-Olivares Silvia Lizett , Grimaldo-Avilés Juana I. , Trejo-Mejía J. Andrés , Martínez-Franco A. Israel , Alpuche-Hernández Amílcar , Furman Gail E. 
Published: October 2020

Propósito: El Examen Clínico Objetivo Estructurado (ECOE) es una estrategia de evaluación que implica desafíos logísticos y de recursos humanos con ciertos requisitos de preparación y planeación para su implementación. El objetivo de este estudio es describir una colaboración entre tres escuelas de medicina para el diseño de escenarios, procesos y productos académicos.Método: Tres escuelas de medicina mexicanas obtuvieron una subvención del Programa de Premios Latinoamericanos de la National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). El proyecto implicó el desarrollo de un ECOE formativo para evaluar la competencia clínica en estudiantes de medicina de pregrado al final del internado médico, y obtener evidencia de validez del examen para su uso. Se creó un consorcio formal para desarrollar y compartir estaciones ECOE. Se implementaron talleres de capacitación del profesorado.Resultados: El consorcio de las tres escuelas diseñó un ECOE de nueve estaciones. Se capacitaron a 81 examinadores y a 36 pacientes estandarizados. Se desarrolló una rúbrica y se creó una aplicación de software para capturar los datos. Se aplicó una prueba piloto con 93 estudiantes de medicina. El alfa de Cronbach fue 0.94 y el coeficiente G 0.80. Se crearon varios productos académicos para divulgar los resultados.Conclusiones: La experiencia formativa entre tres instituciones de educación médica permitió el desarrollo conjunto de escenarios para evaluación de la competencia clínica de estudiantes. La implementación conjunta además hizo posible la conceptualización e implementación de nuevas herramientas de evaluación. Esta oportunidad abre la invitación para aprovechar las oportunidades que brindan las organizaciones internacionales para participar en convocatorias que desarrollen a las escuelas de medicina en México. Los aprendizajes se pueden desplegar con otras escuelas de medicina en el país y América Latina.
PENGGUNAAN ENRICHMENT-SELECTIVE MEDIUM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SENSITIFITAS PEMERIKSAAN LABORATORIUM DIFTERI
Authors: Sunarno Sunarno , Amalia Novi , Nursofiah Sundari , Febrianti Tati 
Published: October 2020

Konfirmasi laboratorium kasus difteri dilakukan dengan isolasi dan tes toksigenisitas bakteri penyebab difteri menggunakan metode konvensional berbasis kultur. Metode konvensional memiliki keterbatasan dalam hal sensitivitas pemeriksaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji penggunaan darah domba + telurit sebagai enrichment-selective medium untuk meningkatkan sensitivitas pemeriksaan laboratorium difteri dengan metode konvensional. Sebanyak 18 spesimen klinis (swab tenggorok) penderita difteri digunakan sebagai sampel penelitian. Swab tenggorok tersebut sebelumnya telah digunakan untuk pemeriksaan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) sehingga proses ekstraksi DNA menyebabkan jumlah sel bakteri yang tertinggal menjadi sangat terbatas. Sel bakteri tersebut ditumbuhkan menggunakan 2 cara yang berbeda, yaitu inokulasi langsung dan inokulasi yang didahului dengan penggunaan enrichment-selective medium. Hasil identifikasi bakteri penyebab difteri dibandingkan antara keduanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi secara langsung hanya berhasil mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi bakteri penyebab difteri (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) pada 3 dari 18 sampel yang diperiksa. Sebaliknya dengan penggunaan enrichment-selective medium, bakteri penyebab difteri berhasil diisolasi dan diidentifikasi pada 9 dari 18 sampel yang diperiksa. Oleh karena itu, disimpulkan bahwa enrichment-selective medium (darah domba + telurit) dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan sensitivitas pemeriksaan laboratorium difteri.
Laboratory confirmation for diphtheria cases are performed by using conventional culture-based method for isolation/identification and toxigenicity of the bacteria causing diphtheria. This method has limitation in its sensitivity. This study aimed to examine the sensitivity of sheep blood + tellurite as the enrichment selective medium to improve the sensitivity of the conventional method. The samples were 18 clinical specimens (throat swabs) obtained from diphtheria patient, which had been used for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay, therefore the DNA extraction process caused the number of bacteria cells to be very limited. The samples were cultured by two different methods, directly on the agar medium and indirectly through enrichment selective medium previously. The result showed that the directly inoculation could isolate C. diphtheriae as many as 3 out of 18 samples, whereas indirectly method by using enrichment selective medium could isolate and identify 9 out of 18 samples. In conclusion, enrichment selective medium (sheep blood + tellurite) may improve the examination sensitivity of bacteria causing diphtheria identification in the laboratory.
Product Market Peers and Relative Performance Evaluation
Authors: Jayaraman Sudarshan , Milbourn Todd , Peters Florian , Seo Hojun 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate the role of Relative Performance Evaluation (RPE) theory in CEO pay and turnover using a product similarity-based definition of peers (Hoberg and Phillips 2016). RPE predicts that firms filter out common shocks (i.e., those affecting the firm and its peers) while evaluating CEO performance, and that the extent of filtering increases with the number of peers. Despite the intuitive appeal of the theory, previous tests of RPE find weak and inconsistent evidence, which we argue is due to the imprecise categorization of peers. Using product market peers, we find three pieces of evidence consistent with RPE in relation to CEO pay and forced turnover: (1) on average, firms partially filter out common shocks to stock returns, (2) the extent of filtering increases with the number of peers, and (3) firms completely filter out common shocks in the presence of a large number of peers.
JEL Classifications: M40; M41; G30; J33.