bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of cut type on quality, antioxidant substances and antioxidant activity of fresh‐cut broccoli
Authors: Guan Yuge , Hu Wenzhong , Jiang Aili , Xu Yongping , Yu Jiaoxue , Zhao Manru , Ji Yaru , Feng Ke , Sarengaowa  , Yang Xiaozhe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn order to clarify an efficient and convenient method to increase the antioxidant activity in broccoli, this study intended primarily to elucidate the effect of cutting type on the quality parameters, antioxidant substance contents and antioxidant activity of broccoli using different floret diameters of 10 × 10 cm (CS1), 5 × 5 cm (CS2), 2.5 × 2.5 cm (CS3) and shredded florets (CS4). The results showed that chlorophyll, total soluble solid, vitamin C and reduced glutathione contents of fresh‐cut broccoli were decreased obviously during the storage. However, there was a significant influence of cutting type on the enzymatic activities involved in phenolic synthesis and oxidation including phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, cinnamate 4‐hydroxylase, and polyphenol oxidase, which contributed to increasing phenolic content by 26.8%, 30.9%, 46.0%, and 51.3% in CS1, CS2, CS3 and CS4, respectively, and further enhanced the antioxidant activity by more than 60% in fresh‐cut broccoli. Moreover, the activities of antioxidant‐related enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase, were increased significantly in fresh‐cut broccoli. In conclusion, the cutting types had no significant effect on quality but clearly influenced the antioxidant substances and activities of broccoli; therefore, this study provided an efficient and convenient method to enhance the potential nutritional value of broccoli.
Clinical application of a new latex photometric immunoassay reagent, LPIA‐GENESIS D‐dimer, and its performance in patient‐derived plasma samples
Authors: Nagahama Yutaka , Nozaki Junko , Sakurai George , Yajima Satoshi , Kaneko Noriko , Yamazaki Etsuko , Matsuda Michio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe previously reported an antibody MIF‐220 that recognizes a specific structure induced on the surface of thrombin‐activated E‐domain of one fibrin molecule bound with the D‐domains of other fibrinogen/fibrin molecules. Utilizing MIF‐220, we produced a test kit for cross‐linked fibrin degradation products (XDP), LPIA‐GENESIS D‐dimer (LG‐DD), and evaluated basic performance characteristics for clinical application. We then attempted to apply LG‐DD to see its eligibility in clinical plasma samples.MethodThe characteristic performances requested for clinical use were studied including limit of quantitation, within‐run imprecision, day‐to‐day imprecision, antigen excess, interference study, and method comparison with LPIAACE‐Ddimer (ACE‐DD) available on the market.ResultsThe performance characteristics were all satisfactory. Extraordinarily high concentrations of XDP are occasionally obtained by ACE‐DD in samples with collection problems, but not by LG‐DD, indicating that a certain XDP species present in the former was not measured by LG‐DD. Structural studies suggested that the “B‐b” set of polymerization sites must be involved as well in the maintenance of cross‐linked fibrin in vivo.ConclusionLG‐DD was able to measure a wide range of XDP, that is, 0.20‐35.0 μg FEU/mL that covers the levels of XDP in most of the clinical samples. LG‐DD was found to almost avoid false‐positive results noticed in samples as mentioned above, and this feature seems to be preferable to established kits for the measurement of XDP.
Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of BiFeO3 and Bi/BiFeO3 cubic microcrystals
Authors: Guo Yanhua , Zhou Sihua , Sun Xianke , Yuan Huanli 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBiFeO3 and Bi/BiFeO3 cubic microcrystals were synthesized in this work. The phase, microstructure, optical and photo electrochemical properties, as well as the photocatalytic activities in photocatalytic hydrogen generation were investigated. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results demonstrate the successful synthesis of BiFeO3 and Bi/BiFeO3. The scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) results give the evidence of cubic morphology and the deposition of metal Bi on the surface of BiFeO3. The absorption spectra show that Bi/BiFeO3 has longer absorption edge and stronger absorption capability to visible light. The photocurrent curves, emission spectra, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectra demonstrate that Bi/BiFeO3 has higher efficiency of electron‐hole separation and charge transfer, as well as longer lifetime of the charge carriers. These benefit to the enhancement of activity in photocatalytic hydrogen generation.
The impact of emotion‐based mass media campaigns on stigma toward cervical screening non participation
Authors: Wearn Angela , Shepherd Lee 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated the positive impact of mass media coverage of cancer on screening rates. In this online experiment, we assessed the influence of different types of mass media news articles (factual vs. emotive narratives) on cervical cancer screening intentions. We also tested the process through which mass media news articles influence screening intention. Participants (N = 141) were randomly allocated to receive either a news article containing factual information about screening, a news article containing an emotive narrative about a nonfamous woman who died after not being screened, or no information about screening. Participants, then, completed measures of stigma, fear, shame, and screening intention. Stigma toward people who had not been screened (i.e., public stigma) was greater when participants received an emotive narrative rather than factual information or no information. Moreover, we found a significant indirect effect of the manipulation on screening intention via public stigma. These results indicated that the emotive news article increased public stigma, which in turn predicted screening intention. Based on this, we argue that it is important to carefully consider the type of narrative that is included in mass media articles to ensure that it does not stigmatize people who have not been screened.
Wish to Die in Older Patients: Development and Validation of Two Assessment Instruments
Authors: Dürst Anne‐Véronique , Spencer Brenda , Büla Christophe , Fustinoni Sarah , Mazzocato Claudia , Rochat Etienne , Rubli Truchard Eve , Monod Stéfanie , Jox Ralf J. 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVESThe wish to die may be different in geriatric patients than in younger terminally ill patients. This study aimed to develop and validate instruments for assessing the wish to die in geriatric patients.DESIGNCross‐sectional study.SETTINGGeriatric rehabilitation unit of a university hospital.PARTICIPANTSPatients (N = 101) aged 65 years or older with a Mini‐Mental State Examination score of 20 or higher, admitted consecutively over a 5‐month period.MEASUREMENTSThe Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death (SAHD) was adapted to the older population (SAHD‐Senior). A second tool was developed based on qualitative literature, the Categories of Attitudes Toward Death Occurrence (CADO). After cognitive pretesting, these instruments were validated in a sample of patients admitted to a geriatric rehabilitation unit.RESULTSThe SAHD‐Senior showed good psychometric properties and a unifactorial structure. In the studied sample, 12.9% had a SAHD‐Senior score of 10 or higher, suggesting a significant wish to die. Associations were observed between high levels of the SAHD‐Senior and advanced age, high levels of depressive symptoms, lower quality of life, and lower cognitive function. The CADO allowed for passive death wishes to be distinguished from wishes to actively hasten death. According to the CADO, 14.9% of the sample had a wish to die. The two instruments showed a concordance rate of 90.1%.CONCLUSIONThe wish to die in older patients admitted to rehabilitation can be validly assessed with two novel instruments. The considerable proportion with a wish to die warrants investigation into concept, determinants, and management of the wish to die. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1202–1209, 2020.
A mass balance approach to urban water analysis using multi‐resolution data
Authors: Hastie Allisa G. , Chini Christopher M. , Stillwell Ashlynn S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith a growing urban population and increasing climate uncertainty, it is necessary to quantitatively understand the flux of resources through cities, specifically energy and water resources. Many methods exist to analyze the urban energy–water nexus based on either physical characteristics of the system or using available data. While data‐driven approaches can be valuable, they are often challenging to duplicate on a large scale due to data availability, or they do not allow for drawing specific, detailed conclusions. Our work seeks to remedy these challenges by using multi‐resolution data and a mass balance approach to provide a reproducible and scalable method for analyzing water and embedded energy systems in cities with varying levels of infrastructure and technological advancements. Using a combination of utility‐scale and meter‐level data, we provide several quantitative performance gauges on a monthly and annual time scale. This process reveals notable seasonal variation in water demand, non‐revenue water, and embedded energy, providing a holistic understanding of water and its embedded resources. Our work further confronts the challenges of integrating disparate data sets into a uniform format to allow for accurate analysis. These particular data, coupled with a mass balance methodology, facilitate the examination of an urban area from top‐down and bottom‐up perspectives, yielding opportunities to quantify additional performance metrics beyond a single approach.
Necrostatin‐1 prevents the proapoptotic protein Bcl‐2/adenovirus E1B 19‐kDa interacting protein 3 from integration into mitochondria
Authors: Mu Jiao , Weng Jiequn , Yang Chaoxian , Guan Teng , Deng Li , Li Meiyu , Zhang Guohui , Kong Jiming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNecrostatin‐1 (Nec‐1) has previously been shown to protect neurons from death in traumatic and ischemic brain injuries. This study tests the hypothesis that Nec‐1 protects neural cells against traumatic and ischemic brain injuries through inhibition of the Bcl‐2/adenovirus E1B 19‐kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3). We have used biochemical and morphological techniques to determine the inhibition of Nec‐1 on BNIP3‐induced cell death and to identify its mechanism of action in in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegeneration. Here we show that Nec‐1 significantly increased neuronal viability following prolonged exposure to hypoxia in vitro, and attenuated myelin damage and neuronal death in traumatic brain injury and cerebral ischemia in Sprague‐Dawley rats. Nec‐1 alleviated traumatic brain injury‐induced up‐regulation of BNIP3 in mature oligodendrocytes. In isolated mitochondria, Nec‐1 prevented BNIP3 from integrating into mitochondria by modifying its binding sites on the mitochondria. Consequently, Nec‐1 robustly inhibited BNIP3‐induced collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced the opening probability of mitochondrial permeability transition pores. Nec‐1 also preserved mitochondrial ultrastructure and suppressed BNIP3‐induced nuclear translocation of apoptosis‐inducing factor. In conclusion, Nec‐1 protects neurons and oligodendrocytes against traumatic and ischemic brain injuries by targeting the BNIP3‐induced cell death pathway, and is a novel inhibitor for BNIP3.
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Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15056.
Racial/ethnic disparities in sleep duration and sleep disturbances among pregnant and non‐pregnant women in the United States
Authors: Feinstein Lydia , McWhorter Ketrell L. , Gaston Symielle A. , Troxel Wendy M. , Sharkey Katherine M. , Jackson Chandra L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSleep disturbances among pregnant women are increasingly linked to suboptimal maternal/birth outcomes. Few studies in the USA investigating sleep by pregnancy status have included racially/ethnically diverse populations, despite worsening disparities in adverse birth outcomes. Using a nationally representative sample of 71,644 (2,349 pregnant) women from the National Health Interview Survey (2004–2017), we investigated relationships between self‐reported pregnancy and six sleep characteristics stratified by race/ethnicity. We also examined associations between race/ethnicity and sleep stratified by pregnancy status. We used average marginal predictions from fitted logistic regression models to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each sleep dimension, adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics. Pregnant women were less likely than non‐pregnant women to report short sleep (PROverall = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.68–0.82) and more likely to report long sleep (PROverall = 2.06; 95% CI, 1.74–2.43) and trouble staying asleep (PROverall = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.25–1.44). The association between pregnancy and sleep duration was less pronounced among women aged 35–49 years compared to those <35 years. Among white women, sleep medication use was less prevalent among pregnant compared to non‐pregnant women (PRWhite = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.31–0.64), but this association was not observed among black women (PRBlack = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.46–2.09) and was less pronounced among Hispanic/Latina women (PRHispanic/Latina = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.38–1.77). Compared to pregnant white women, pregnant black women had a higher short sleep prevalence (PRBlack = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.08–1.67). Given disparities in maternal/birth outcomes and sleep, expectant mothers (particularly racial/ethnic minorities) may need screening followed by treatment for sleep disturbances. Our findings should be interpreted in the historical and sociocultural context of the USA.
Long‐term benefits of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia: Follow‐up report from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Luik Annemarie I. , Marsden Antonia , Emsley Richard , Henry Alasdair L. , Stott Richard , Miller Christopher B. , Espie Colin A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDigital cognitive behavioural therapy (dCBT) is an effective treatment for chronic insomnia and also improves well‐being and quality of life (QoL). We assessed whether these benefits are sustained and if the effects of dCBT extend to the use of sleep medication and healthcare. In total 1,711 adults (48.0 ± 13.8 years, 77.6% female) with complaints of chronic insomnia participated in a previously published randomized controlled trial (ISRCTN 60530898) comparing dCBT (n = 853) with sleep hygiene education (SHE, n = 858). At weeks 0, 4, 8, 24, 36 and 48, we assessed functional health (Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System: Global Health Scale); psychological well‐being (Warwick‐Edinburgh Mental Well‐being Scale) and sleep‐related QoL (Glasgow Sleep Impact Index), prescribed and non‐prescribed sleep medication use, and healthcare utilization. At week 25, those who received SHE at baseline were offered dCBT. dCBT improved functional health (difference: 2.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.03; 2.88, Cohen's d: 0.50, p < .001), psychological well‐being (difference: 4.34, 95% CI: 3.70; 4.98, Cohen's d: 0.55, p < .001) and sleep‐related QoL (difference: −44.61, 95%CI: −47.17; −42.05, Cohen's d: −1.44, p < .001) at week 48 compared to baseline. At week 24 dCBT, compared to SHE, also reduced use of prescription and non‐prescription sleep medication up to week 24 (adjusted rate ratio [RR]: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42; 0.97, p = .037 and adjusted RR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.37; 0.74, p < .0001, respectively), but not healthcare utilization. Uncontrolled follow‐up suggests that these effects were sustained for non‐prescribed sleep medication (RR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.40; 0.67, p < .001). In conclusion, this study suggests that dCBT results in sustained benefits to insomnia and its daytime outcomes.
Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic evaluation of North American Irish Wolfhounds
Authors: Tyrrell William D. , Abbott Jonathan A. , Rosenthal Steven L. , Dentino Mariellen , Abrams Frances 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Irish Wolfhounds (IWs), but its prevalence and clinical characteristics in North American IWs are incompletely described.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThat atrial fibrillation (AF) is a diagnostic marker of echocardiographic abnormalities, and that clinical characteristics predict development of IW cardiomyopathy (IWCM). To define the prevalence of arrhythmias and echocardiographic abnormalities in North American IWs.AnimalsSix hundred and forty‐five adult IWs presented for screening examinations intended to identify familial cardiac disease.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, reference intervals defined based on echocardiographic data from IW classified as normal, were used to define the prevalence of structural and functional abnormalities. A logistic model was developed to identify clinical findings that predict future development of IWCM.ResultsThe prevalence of AF was 8.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.6‐11.2) of which 55.5% had echocardiographic abnormalities. IWCM defined by left atrial enlargement, left ventricular dilatation, and systolic dysfunction had a prevalence of 1.8% (0.72‐2.8). Positive and negative likelihood ratios for AF in the identification of IWCM were, respectively, 10.8 (7.29‐16) and 0.2 (0.06‐0.69). Multivariable logistic regression identified AF (odds ratio [OR]; 10.6, 95% CI, 2.67‐42.3) and male sex (OR; 3.8, 95% CI, 1.02‐14) as predictors of future development of IWCM.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAtrial fibrillation is common in North American IW. It occurs in association with structural cardiac disease but also in its absence. Irish Wolfhounds cardiomyopathy is characterized by chamber enlargement but minimally decreased ejection phase indices of myocardial function. Atrial fibrillation is a risk factor for future development of IWCM.
Pharmacokinetic profiles of amoxicillin trihydrate in freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) after intramuscular administration at two doses
Authors: Poapolathep Saranya , Giorgi Mario , Klangkaew Narumol , Phaochoosak Napasorn , Chaiyabutr Narongsak , Wongwaipairoj Tara , Poapolathep Amnart 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to elucidate the pharmacokinetic profiles of amoxicillin trihydrate (AMX) in Siamese freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis). Crocodiles were administered a single intramuscular injection of AMX, at a dose of either 5 or 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected at preassigned times up to 120 hr. The plasma concentrations of AMX were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem‐mass spectrometry method. AMX plasma concentrations were quantifiable for up to 72 hr (5 mg/kg b.w.) and 96 hr (10 mg/kg b.w.). The elimination half‐life (t1/2λz) of AMX following dosing at 5 mg/kg b.w. (8.72 ± 0.61 hr) was almost identical to that following administration at 10 mg/kg b.w (8.98 ± 1.13 hr). The maximum concentration and area under the curve from zero to the last values of AMX increased in a dose‐dependent fashion. The average binding percentage of AMX to plasma protein was 21.24%. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, susceptibility break point, and the surrogate PK‐PD index (T > MIC, 0.25 μg/ml), intramuscular administration of AMX at dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. every 4 days might be appropriate for the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections in freshwater crocodiles.
The RpoN2‐PilRX regulatory system governs type IV pilus gene transcription and is required for bacterial motility and virulence in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Yu Chao , Nguyen Doan-Phuong , Ren Zhaoyu , Liu Jianan , Yang Fenghuan , Tian Fang , Fan Susu , Chen Huamin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe type IV pilus (T4P), a special class of bacterial surface filament, plays crucial roles in surface adhesion, motility, biofilm formation, and virulence in pathogenic bacteria. However, the regulatory mechanism of T4P and its relationship to bacterial virulence are still little understood in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal pathogen of bacterial blight of rice. Our previous studies showed that the σ54 factor RpoN2 regulated bacterial virulence on rice in a flagellum‐independent manner in Xoo. In this study, both yeast two‐hybrid and pull‐down assays revealed that RpoN2 directly and specifically interacted with PilRX, a homolog of the response regulator PilR of the two‐component system PilS‐PilR in the pilus gene cluster. Genomic sequence and reverse transcription PCR (RT‐PCR) analysis showed 13 regulons containing 25 genes encoding T4P structural components and putative regulators. A consensus RpoN2‐binding sequence GGN10GC was identified in the promoter sequences of most T4P gene transcriptional units. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed the direct binding of RpoN2 to the promoter of the major pilin gene pilAX, the inner membrane platform protein gene pilCX, and pilRX. Promoter activity and quantitative RT‐PCR assays demonstrated direct and indirect transcriptional regulation by RpoN2 of the T4P genes. In addition, individual deletions of pilAX, pilCX, and pilRX resulted in significantly reduced twitching and swimming motility, biofilm formation, and virulence in rice. Taken together, the findings from the current study suggest that the RpoN2‐PilRX regulatory system controls bacterial motility and virulence by regulating T4P gene transcription in Xoo.
Cold acclimation of mesophyll conductance, bundle‐sheath conductance and leakiness in Miscanthus × giganteus
Authors: Serrano‐Romero Erika A. , Cousins Asaph B. 
Published: February 2020

Summary

The cold acclimations of mesophyll conductance (gm), bundle‐sheath conductance (gbs) and the CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) of C4 plants have not been well studied.

Here, we estimated the temperature response of gm, gbs and leakiness (ϕ), the amount of concentrated CO2 that escapes the bundle‐sheath cells, for the chilling‐tolerant C4 plant Miscanthus × giganteus grown at 14 and 25°C. To estimate these parameters, we combined the C4‐enzyme‐limited photosynthesis model and the Δ13C discrimination model. These combined models were parameterised using in vitro activities of carbonic anhydrase (CA), pyruvate, phosphate dikinase (PPDK), ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc).

Cold‐grown Miscanthus plants increased in vitro activities of RuBisCO and PPDK but decreased PEPc activity compared with warm‐grown plants. Mesophyll conductance and gbs responded strongly to measurement temperatures but did not differ between plants from the two growth temperatures. Furthermore, modelling showed that ϕ increased with measurement temperatures for both cold‐grown and warm‐grown plants, but was only marginally larger in cold‐grown compared with warm‐grown plants.

Our results in Miscanthus support that gm and gbs are unresponsive to growth temperature and that the CCM is able to acclimate to cold through increased activity of PPDK and RuBisCO.