bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information blocking remains prevalent at the start of 21st Century Cures Act: results from a survey of health information exchange organizations
Authors: Everson Jordan , Patel Vaishali , Adler-Milstein Julia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
Recent policy making aims to prevent health systems, lectronic health record (EHR) vendors, and others from blocking the electronic sharing of patient data necessary for clinical care. We sought to assess the prevalence of information blocking prior to enforcement of these rules.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a national survey of health information exchange organizations (HIEs) to measure the prevalence of information blocking behaviors observed by these third-party entities. Eighty-nine of 106 HIEs (84%) meeting the inclusion criteria responded.

Results
The majority (55%) of HIEs reported that EHR vendors at least sometimes engage in information blocking, while 30% of HIEs reported the same for health systems. The most common type of information blocking behavior EHR vendors engaged in was setting unreasonably high prices, which 42% of HIEs reported routinely observing. The most common type of information blocking behavior health systems engaged in was refusing to share information, which 14% of HIEs reported routinely observing. Reported levels of vendor information blocking was correlated with regional competition among vendors and information blocking was concentrated in some geographic regions.

Discussion
Our findings are consistent with early reports, revealing persistently high levels of information blocking and important variation by actor, type of behavior, and geography. These trends reflect the observations and experiences of HIEs and their potential biases. Nevertheless, these data serve as a baseline against which to measure the impact of new regulations and to inform policy makers about the most common types of information blocking behaviors.

Conclusion
Enforcement aimed at reducing information blocking should consider variation in prevalence and how to most effectively target efforts.
Method Validation of Seven Synthetic Cathinones by LC–MS-MS Analysis and the Prevalence of N-Ethylpentylone in Postmortem Casework
Authors: Giachetti Alexander D , Kahl Joseph H , Zaney M Elizabeth , Hime George W , Boland Diane M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
N-ethylpentylone (NEP, ephylone, bk-EBDP) was the most prevalent synthetic cathinone detected by the Miami-Dade Medical Examiner Toxicology Laboratory from 2016 to 2018. There is limited information regarding the toxicity of NEP; however, the few published reports suggest that NEP can cause serious toxic effects and sudden death. The purpose of this publication is to describe a validated liquid chromatography--tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS) method for seven synthetic cathinones (methylone, ethylone, butylone, dibutylone, alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP), pentylone and NEP) and to present a detailed summary regarding the presence of NEP in postmortem casework at the Miami-Dade Medical Examiner Department. Postmortem iliac blood, serum, liver and brain specimens were prepared by solid-phase extraction with analysis by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography--tandem mass spectrometry. Analyte linearity was established from 0.01 to 0.5 mg/L on a six-point calibration curve. A total of 101 NEP quantitations were performed using this method. Concentrations in postmortem case samples ranged from 0.01 to 2.7 mg/L. Iliac blood concentrations averaged 0.312 mg/L with a median of 0.137 mg/L (n = 72) across all causes and manners of death. Approximately half of the cases were homicides in which the decedent was the victim of gunshot wounds or stabbing. Two of the three highest concentration cases of NEP (2.7 and 1.7 mg/L) involved 38-year-old white males who were tasered by police prior to death. The psychostimulant effect of NEP may result in an excited delirium and/or hallucinogenic state. The concentration of NEP detected in accidental intoxication and polydrug cases overlapped with those attributed to other causes, including homicides and police-involved deaths.
An Effective Cold Storage Method for Stockpiling Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Eggs for Field Surveys and Laboratory Rearing of Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)
Authors: Wong Warren H L , Walz Matt A , Oscienny Angela B , Sherwood Jade L , Abram Paul K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An effective stockpiling method for egg masses of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys [Stål]; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) would be useful for rearing and field studies of its egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). The current method of stockpiling H. halys egg masses at subzero temperatures has lethal and sublethal fitness consequences for T. japonicus. Our goal was to test the efficacy of refrigeration as an alternative method for stockpiling H. halys eggs. We show that parasitoid emergence from egg masses refrigerated at 8°C for up to two months before parasitism is higher than from frozen egg masses. In addition, 8°C cold storage usually had minimal or no sublethal fitness effects on emerging T. japonicus. Only after two months of host egg refrigeration did the emergence of T. japonicus begin to decrease significantly (by ~10% relative to untreated viable egg masses), whereas egg masses previously frozen at −80°C had a ~59% reduction in parasitoid emergence after 14 d of storage. Refrigerated egg masses that were subsequently exposed to a range of field-realistic average temperatures were still suitable for T. japonicus parasitism after 7 d. Our results demonstrate that refrigeration at 8°C, while resulting in complete mortality of H. halys embryos after 10 d, are more suitable for T. japonicus parasitism than those stored at −80°C. The quantity and quality of H. halys eggs that can be stockpiled with this method could facilitate T. japonicus laboratory colony maintenance, field monitoring, and releases.
Responses of Native and Non-native Bark and Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to Different Chemical Attractants: Insights From the USDA Forest Service Early Detection and Rapid Response Program Data Analysis
Authors: Hartshorn Jess A , Coyle David R , Rabaglia Robert J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
More than 60 non-native bark and ambrosia beetle species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are established in North America and several have had severe negative impacts on ecosystems. Non-native scolytines can introduce fungi which may cause vascular wilts and compete with native fungi and lead to reductions in native species through host reduction. The Early Detection Rapid Response (EDRR) program was created by the USDA Forest Service in 2007 to detect non-native bark and ambrosia beetles and provide a baseline for tracking populations over time. This program has led to new collection records and increased communication among agencies to delimit non-native scolytine populations and perform appropriate management. Although insect responses to different lure types vary, it is unknown how different lures compare in attracting bark and ambrosia beetles. Our goal was to examine how lure combinations used in the EDRR program affect captures of bark and ambrosia beetle communities and to determine the most effective combination of lures for targeting non-native scolytines. The highest proportion of non-native scolytines was captured with ethanol, as was the greatest total number of species, and the most diverse beetle community. Traps with Ips (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) lures captured the highest proportion of native scolytines but the lowest total number of total species and was also the least diverse. Communities of scolytines differed significantly among lures, states, and years. While ethanol is an appropriate lure for generalist trapping and targeting a wide range of non-native bark and ambrosia beetles, more targeted lures are needed for monitoring certain species of non-natives.
Rapid on-site evaluation of touch imprints of biopsies improves the diagnostic yield of transbronchial biopsy for endoscopically nonvisible malignancy: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Hansheng , Ren Tao , Wang Xiao , Wei Na , Luo Guoshi , Li Dan , Chen Qin , You Hui , Wang Jiankun , Wang Meifang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
Rapid on-site evaluation has long been used for transbronchial needle aspiration or fine-needle aspiration to evaluate the adequacy of biopsy materials for the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions. However, research on rapid on-site evaluation combined with transbronchial forceps biopsy in the diagnosis of lung carcinoma is rarely reported. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the value of rapid on-site evaluation during transbronchial forceps biopsy for endoscopically visible (tumor, infiltrative and necrotic) or nonvisible (compressive, nonspecific and normal) malignancy.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed between January 2015 and January 2019 in Taihe Hospital with 1216 lung cancer patients who underwent bronchoscopy procedures, and these patients were allocated into the rapid on-site evaluation group and non-rapid on-site evaluation group, depending on the timing of the procedure. According to endoscopic features, bronchoscopic appearance was described as endoscopically visible malignancy (tumor, infiltrative and necrotic) and endoscopically nonvisible malignancy (compressive, nonspecific and normal). The diagnostic yield was compared, and the concordance between the rapid on-site evaluation results and the final histology was analyzed.

Results
There was a statistically significant difference in the diagnostic yield between the rapid on-site evaluation and non-rapid on-site evaluation groups for endoscopically nonvisible malignancy (74.3% vs. 51.7%, P &lt; 0.05). However, we found no significant improvement in terms of diagnostic yield for endoscopically visible malignancy (95.2% vs. 91.2%, P &gt; 0.05). The rapid on-site evaluation results showed high-level concordance with histology in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma, with kappa values of 0.749 (P &lt; 0.05), 0.728 (P &lt; 0.05) and 0.940 (P &lt; 0.05), respectively.

Conclusions
The findings demonstrated that the diagnostic yield of transbronchial biopsy for endoscopically nonvisible malignancy (compressive, nonspecific and normal) was significantly improved when rapid on-site evaluation was implemented. In addition, the rapid on-site evaluation results had high-level concordance with the final histological diagnosis.
Nitrogen addition affects plant biomass allocation but not allometric relationships among different organs across the globe
Authors: Yue Kai , Fornara Dario A , Li Wang , Ni Xiangyin , Peng Yan , Liao Shu , Tan Siyi , Wang Dingyi , Wu Fuzhong , Yang Yusheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
Biomass allocation to different organs is a fundamental plant ecophysiological process to better respond to changing environments; yet, it remains poorly understood how patterns of biomass allocation respond to nitrogen (N) additions across terrestrial ecosystems worldwide.

Methods
We conducted a meta-analysis using 5474 pairwise observations from 333 articles to assess how N addition affected plant biomass and biomass allocation among different organs. We also tested the ‘ratio-based optimal partitioning’ vs. the ‘isometric allocation’ hypotheses to explain potential N addition effects on biomass allocation.

Important Findings
We found that (i) N addition significantly increased whole plant biomass and the biomass of different organs, but decreased root:shoot ratio (RS) and root mass fraction (RMF) while no effects of N addition on leaf mass fraction and stem mass fraction at the global scale; (ii) the effects of N addition on ratio-based biomass allocation were mediated by individual or interactive effects of moderator variables such as experimental conditions, plant functional types, latitudes and rates of N addition and (iii) N addition did not affect allometric relationships among different organs, suggesting that decreases in RS and RMF may result from isometric allocation patterns following increases in whole plant biomass. Despite alteration of ratio-based biomass allocation between root and shoot by N addition, the unaffected allometric scaling relationships among different organs (including root vs. shoot) suggest that plant biomass allocation patterns are more appropriately explained by the isometric allocation hypothesis rather than the optimal partitioning hypothesis. Our findings contribute to better understand N-induced effects on allometric relationships of terrestrial plants, and suggest that these ecophysiological responses should be incorporated into models that aim to predict how terrestrial ecosystems may respond to enhanced N deposition under future global change scenarios.
Dosimetric comparison between volumetric modulated arc therapy planning techniques for prostate cancer in the presence of intrafractional organ deformation
Authors: Varnava Maria , Sumida Iori , Oda Michio , Kurosu Keita , Isohashi Fumiaki , Seo Yuji , Otani Keisuke , Ogawa Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare single-arc (SA) and double-arc (DA) treatment plans, which are planning techniques often used in prostate cancer volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), in the presence of intrafractional deformation (ID) to determine which technique is superior in terms of target dose coverage and sparing of the organs at risk (OARs). SA and DA plans were created for 27 patients with localized prostate cancer. ID was introduced to the clinical target volume (CTV), rectum and bladder to obtain blurred dose distributions using an in-house software. ID was based on the motion probability function of each structure voxel and the intrafractional motion of the respective organs. From the resultant blurred dose distributions of SA and DA plans, various parameters, including the tumor control probability, normal tissue complication probability, homogeneity index, conformity index, modulation complexity score for VMAT, dose–volume indices and monitor units (MUs), were evaluated to compare the two techniques. Statistical analysis showed that most CTV and rectum parameters were significantly larger for SA plans than for DA plans (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, SA plans had fewer MUs and were less complex (P &lt; 0.05). The significant differences observed had no clinical significance, indicating that both plans are comparable in terms of target and OAR dosimetry when ID is considered. The use of SA plans is recommended for prostate cancer VMAT because they can be delivered in shorter treatment times than DA plans, and therefore benefit the patients.
Trajectories of peer relationship problems and emotional symptoms in children 5 years after a nuclear disaster: Fukushima Health Management Survey
Authors: Itagaki Shuntaro , Takebayashi Yoshitake , Murakami Michio , Harigane Mayumi , Maeda Masaharu , Mizuki Rie , Oikawa Yuichi , Goto Saori , Momoi Maho , Miura Itaru , Ohira Tetsuya , Oe Misari , Yabe Hirooki , Yasumura Seiji , Kamiya Kenji 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (NPS) accident, which occurred in March 2011, is having long-term effects on children. About 3 years after the accident, we identified three patterns of peer relationship problems and four patterns of emotional symptoms using group-based trajectory modeling. As a result, we reported that different factors might be related to very severe trajectories of peer relationship problems and emotional symptoms. In this study, we used five waves of data from fiscal year (FY) 2011 to FY2015 from the Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey, a detailed survey of the Fukushima Health Management Survey started in FY2011. We analyzed 7013 residents within the government-designated evacuation zone (aged 6–12 years old as of 11 March 2011) with responses to all items of psychological distress in at least one wave from FY2011 and FY2015. We planned this study to describe the trajectories of peer relationship problems and emotional symptoms in children and to examine potential risks and protective factors over the 5 years following the NPS accident. We identified four patterns of peer relationship problems and five patterns of emotional symptoms using latent class growth analysis. For peer relationship problems, male sex, experiencing the NPS explosion and lack of exercise habits were associated with the severe trajectory group. For emotional symptoms, experiencing the NPS explosion, experiencing the tsunami disaster and lack of exercise habits were associated with the severe trajectory group. Exercise habits are very important for the mental health of evacuees after a nuclear disaster.
Diminished or inversed dose-rate effect on clonogenic ability in Ku-deficient rodent cells
Authors: Tsuchiya Hisayo , Shimada Mikio , Tsukada Kaima , Meng Qingmei , Kobayashi Junya , Matsumoto Yoshihisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The biological effects of ionizing radiation, especially those of sparsely ionizing radiations like X-ray and γ-ray, are generally reduced as the dose rate is reduced. This phenomenon is known as ‘the dose-rate effect’. The dose-rate effect is considered to be due to the repair of DNA damage during irradiation but the precise mechanisms for the dose-rate effect remain to be clarified. Ku70, Ku86 and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) are thought to comprise the sensor for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). In this study, we measured the clonogenic ability of Ku70-, Ku86- or DNA-PKcs-deficient rodent cells, in parallel with respective control cells, in response to high dose-rate (HDR) and low dose-rate (LDR) γ-ray radiation (~0.9 and ~1 mGy/min, respectively). Control cells and murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) from a severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mouse, which is DNA-PKcs-deficient, showed higher cell survival after LDR irradiation than after HDR irradiation at the same dose. On the other hand, MEF from Ku70−/− mice exhibited lower clonogenic cell survival after LDR irradiation than after HDR irradiation. XR-V15B and xrs-5 cells, which are Ku86-deficient, exhibited mostly identical clonogenic cell survival after LDR and HDR irradiation. Thus, the dose-rate effect in terms of clonogenic cell survival is diminished or even inversed in Ku-deficient rodent cells. These observations indicate the involvement of Ku in the dose-rate effect.
Evaluation of the redox state in mouse organs following radon inhalation
Authors: Kataoka Takahiro , Kanzaki Norie , Sakoda Akihiro , Shuto Hina , Yano Junki , Naoe Shota , Tanaka Hiroshi , Hanamoto Katsumi , Terato Hiroaki , Mitsunobu Fumihiro , Yamaoka Kiyonori 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Radon inhalation activates antioxidative functions in mouse organs, thereby contributing to inhibition of oxidative stress-induced damage. However, the specific redox state of each organ after radon inhalation has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the redox state of various organs in mice following radon inhalation at concentrations of 2 or 20 kBq/m3 for 1, 3 or 10 days. Scatter plots were used to evaluate the relationship between antioxidative function and oxidative stress by principal component analysis (PCA) of data from control mice subjected to sham inhalation. The results of principal component (PC) 1 showed that the liver and kidney had high antioxidant capacity; the results of PC2 showed that the brain, pancreas and stomach had low antioxidant capacities and low lipid peroxide (LPO) content, whereas the lungs, heart, small intestine and large intestine had high LPO content but low antioxidant capacities. Furthermore, using the PCA of each obtained cluster, we observed altered correlation coefficients related to glutathione, hydrogen peroxide and LPO for all groups following radon inhalation. Correlation coefficients related to superoxide dismutase in organs with a low antioxidant capacity were also changed. These findings suggested that radon inhalation could alter the redox state in organs; however, its characteristics were dependent on the total antioxidant capacity of the organs as well as the radon concentration and inhalation time. The insights obtained from this study could be useful for developing therapeutic strategies targeting individual organs.
Relationship between physical activity/exercise habits and the frequency of new onset of lifestyle-related diseases after the Great East Japan Earthquake among residents in Fukushima: the Fukushima Health Management Survey
Authors: Hayashi Fumikazu , Ohira Tetsuya , Okazaki Kanako , Nakano Hironori , Sakai Akira , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Shimabukuro Michio , Takahashi Atsushi , Kazama Junichiro , Yasumura Seiji , Hashimoto Shigeatsu , Kawasaki Yukihiko , Kobashi Gen , Ohto Hitoshi , Kamiya Kenji ,   for the Fukushima Health Management Survey
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The effect of exercise habits on the increased incidence of lifestyle-related diseases among residents of the evacuation area in Fukushima Prefecture after the Great East Japan Earthquake is not well characterized. This study examined the influence of exercise habits on the frequency of new onset of lifestyle-related diseases in the aftermath of the earthquake using data from the Fukushima Health Management Survey (FHMS). Of the 32 289 individuals (14 004 men and 18 285 women) aged 40–90 years who underwent one or more health examinations in both 2011–12 and 2014–15, those who knew whether they had any lifestyle diseases and who responded to a questionnaire about their exercise and physical activity habits were included (dyslipidemia, 8017; hypertension, 7173; and diabetes mellitus, 13140 individuals). The association between the frequency of new onset of lifestyle-related diseases in 2014–15 and the presence or absence of persistent exercise and physical activity habits (active lifestyle) was examined using the FHMS data. The frequency of new onset of dyslipidemia was significantly lower in the active lifestyle group than in the sedentary lifestyle group (P = 0.008). On univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, the presence of active lifestyle, obesity and the experience of evacuation showed a significant association with new onset of dyslipidemia, independent of age, sex or follow-up period. Thus maintaining physical activity and exercise habits may help prevent the new onset of dyslipidemia among residents of the evacuation area in the Fukushima Prefecture after the earthquake.
Infected port-a-cath leading to subpectoral and sterno-manubrial abscess
Authors: Lee Andy Chao Hsuan , Podbielski Francis J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sterno-manubrium and subpectoral abscess have been rarely reported in literature. If the diagnosis and treatment are not properly performed, a soft tissue abscess can cause serious complications such as sepsis or even death. Therefore, awareness of such conditions is essential for early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Here, we report a case of sterno-manubrial and subpectoral abscess with significant destruction of cartilage due to extension from an infected subclavian porta-a-cath. Our management started with intravenous antibiotic therapy initially; however, due to lack of clinical resolution, incision and drainage followed by serial debridements were performed, highlighting importance of awareness of uncommon presentation.