bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact tri‐notched wideband bandpass filter based on multiple resonances with wide upper stopband
Authors: Wang Chenhao , Xi Xiaoli , Zhao Yuchen , Shi Xiaomin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this letter, a compact tri‐notched wideband bandpass filter based on stub‐loaded ring resonator (SLRR) and shorted stub‐loaded stepped impedance resonators (SSLSIR) with wide upper stopband is presented. The wideband characteristic is excited by coupling SLRR and SSLSIR with the arrangement of defected ground structures on the back of the substrate. By placing two sets of SSLSIRs inside and outside of the SLRR, three reflection poles can be formed in passband to introduce three notch bands with adjustable center frequencies. The quarter‐wavelength inter digital coupled lines are used to generate multiple transmission zeros to suppress high‐order harmonics to achieve a wide upper stopband characteristic. For validation, a wideband bandpass filter with a passband from 2.2 to 7.5 GHz and notch bands at 2.87, 5.69, and 6.5 GHz is fabricated. Measured results show that the 20 dB attenuation upper stopband can extend to 29 GHz.
Technical Note: Synthesizing of lung tumors in computed tomography images
Authors: O'Briain Teaghan B. , Yi Kwang Moo , Bazalova‐Carter Magdalena 
Published: August 2020

PurposeWhen investigating new radiation therapy techniques in the treatment planning stage, it can be extremely time consuming to locate multiple patient scans that match the desired characteristics for the treatment. With the help of machine learning, we propose to bypass the difficulty in finding patient computed tomography (CT) scans that match the treatment requirements. Furthermore, we aim to provide the developed method as a tool that is easily accessible to interested researchers.MethodsWe propose a generative adversarial network (GAN) to edit individual volumes of interest (VOIs) in pre‐existing CT scans, translating features of the healthy VOIs into features of cancerous volumes. Training and testing was done using VOIs from a dataset of 460 diagnostic and lung cancer screening CT scans. Agreement between real tumors and those produced by the editor was tested by comparing the distributions of several histogram parameters and second‐order statistics as well as using qualitative analysis.ResultsAfter training, the network was successfully able to map healthy CT segments to realistic looking cancerous volumes. Based on visual inspection, tumors produced by the editor were found to be both realistic and visually consistent with the surrounding anatomy when placed back into the original CT scan. Furthermore, the network was found to be able to extrapolate well beyond the upper size limit of the training set. Lastly, a graphical user interface (GUI) was developed to easily interact with the resulting network.ConclusionThe trained network and associated GUI can serve as a tool to develop an abundance of lung cancer patient data to be used in treatment planning. In addition, this method can be extended to a variety of cancer types if given an appropriate baseline dataset. The GUI and instructions on how to utilize the tool have been made publicly available at https://github.com/teaghan/CT_Editor.
Relationship of symptom severity and bother in individuals seeking care for lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Agochukwu‐Mmonu Nnenaya , Wiseman Jonathan B. , Smith Abigail R. , Helmuth Margaret E. , Sarma Aruna V. , Cameron Anne P. , Amundsen Cindy L. , Flynn Kathryn E. , Cella David , Weinfurt Kevin P. , Kirkali Ziya , Clemens J. Quentin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsBother attributed to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) drives care‐seeking and treatment aggressiveness. The longitudinal relationship of LUTS severity and bother in a care‐seeking cohort, however, is not well understood. We aim to conduct a longitudinal evaluation of LUTS severity and bother and identify characteristics of patients with discordant LUTS bother relative to severity.MethodsMen and women with LUTS seeking care at six US tertiary care centers enrolled in the symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction research network study. Patients reporting at least one urinary symptom based on the LUTS Tool were prospectively enrolled from June 2015 to January 2017. Correlations were used to assess the relationship between LUTS severity and bother. Discordance scores (ie, the difference between bother and severity) were used to classify patients with high and low bother. Patients were classified as having high or low bother phenotypes if scores were one standard deviation above or below zero, respectively. Repeated measures multinomial logistic regression evaluated characteristics associated with high and low bother phenotypes.ResultsLUTS severity and bother were at least moderately correlated for all symptom items and highly correlated for 13 out of 21 items. Correlations were highest for urgency, and lowest for daytime frequency and urinary incontinence. Odds of being in high bother phenotype were lowest at 3 and 12 months (3 months vs baseline odds ratio [OR] = 0.71, 95% confidence ninterval [CI] = 0.54‐0.94; 12 months vs baseline OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.48‐0.91), and highest for those who endorsed all urgency questions (OR = 3.65, 95% CI = 2.17‐6.13). Odds of being in the low bother phenotype were lowest for patients who endorsed all urgency items (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.26‐0.42), and all frequency items (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.53‐0.88).ConclusionsLUTS severity and bother correlate highly and measurement of both in clinical practice is likely redundant. There are patient factors associated with discordance which may justify additional evaluation.
Computational Morphogenesis: Morphologic constructions using polygonal discretizations
Authors: Choi Habeun , Chi Heng , Park Kyoungsoo , Paulino Glaucio H. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryTo consistently coarsen arbitrary unstructured meshes, a computational morphogenesis process is built in conjunction with a numerical method of choice, such as the virtual element method with adaptive meshing. The morphogenesis procedure is performed by clustering elements based on a posteriori error estimation. Additionally, an edge straightening scheme is introduced to reduce the number of nodes and improve accuracy of solutions. The adaptive morphogenesis can be recursively conducted regardless of element type and mesh generation counting. To handle mesh modification events during the morphogenesis, a topology‐based data structure is employed, which provides adjacent information on unstructured meshes. Numerical results demonstrate that the adaptive mesh morphogenesis effectively handles mesh coarsening for arbitrarily shaped elements while capturing problematic regions such as those with sharp gradients or singularity.
Pseudospectral method for fractional infinite horizon optimal control problems
Authors: Yang Yin , Noori Skandari M. H. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryUp to now, several numerical methods have been presented to solve finite horizon fractional optimal control problems by researchers, while solving fractional optimal control problems on infinite domain is a challenging work. Hence, in this article, a numerical method is proposed to solve fractional infinite horizon optimal control problems. At the first stage, a domain transformation technique is used to map the infinite domain to a finite horizon. Also, fractional derivative defined on an unbounded domain is converted into an equivalent derivative on a finite domain. Then, a new shifted Legendre pseudospectral method is utilized to solve the obtained finite problem and a nonlinear programming problem is suggested to approximate the optimal solutions. Finally, some numerical examples are given to show the efficiency of the method.
Thermo‐mechanical properties of jute/bamboo/polyethylene hybrid composites: The combined effects of silane coupling agent and copolymer
Authors: Liew Fui Kiew , Hamdan Sinin , Rahman Md. Rezaur , Rusop Mohamad , Khan Afrasyab 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effects of 3‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTS) coupling agent and poly(ethylene‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) (EGMA) copolymer on thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of hybrid composites were investigated. There were a range of methods used to fabricate hybrid composites that included, untreated jute and bamboo fiber, APTS treated jute and bamboo fiber, and EGMA and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). The hybrid composites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, tensile strength, tensile modulus, surface morphology, and water absorption tests were also reported. The IR spectra of treated jute‐bamboo hybrid composite revealed effective removal of OH groups from cellulose fiber using APTS. Treated jute‐bamboo/polyethylene composite (TJBC) and treated jute‐bamboo/EGMA/polyethylene composite (TJBEC) demonstrate 3.8 times and 3.7 times higher activation energy, respectively. High activation energy implied that APTS coupling effect is dominant compared with EGMA copolymer. A marginal decrease in the crystallinity index (15.9%) was found in case of TJBC. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of the treated hybrid composites exceeded 150% and 330%, respectively. Low water absorption rate in the treated hybrid composites was also observed. Based on the routes chosen to treat the hybrid composites along with the outcomes of the tests conducted on these suitable for the nonstructural application, such as, packaging, site hoarding, furniture, industrial shelving, and lining for truck/van cargoes.
Efficacy of noninvasive respiratory support modes for primary respiratory support in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome: Systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Ramaswamy Viraraghavan Vadakkencherry , More Kiran , Roehr Charles Christoph , Bandiya Prathik , Nangia Sushma 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of different noninvasive respiratory support (NRS) modes for primary respiratory support of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).DesignSystematic review and network meta‐analysis using the Bayesian random‐effects approach. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched.InterventionsHigh flow nasal cannula (HFNC), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), bilevel CPAP (BiPAP), noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV).Main Outcome MeasuresRequirement of invasive mechanical ventilation (MV), any treatment failure.ResultsA total of 35 studies including 4078 neonates were included. NIPPV was more effective in decreasing the requirement of MV than CPAP (risk ratios [95% credible interval]: 0.60 [0.44, 0.77]) and HFNC [0.66 (0.43, 0.97)]. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) for NIPPV, BiPAP, HFNC, and CPAP were 0.95, 0.59, 0.32, and 0.13. For the outcome of treatment failure, both NIPPV and BiPAP were more efficacious compared to CPAP and HFNC (0.56 [0.44, 0.71] {NIPPV vs CPAP}, 0.69 [0.51, 0.93] {BiPAP vs CPAP}, 0.42 [0.30, 0.63] {NIPPV vs HFNC}, 0.53 [0.35, 0.81] {BiPAP vs HFNC}). The SUCRA for NIPPV, BiPAP, CPAP, and HFNC were 0.96, 0.70, 0.32, and 0.01. NIPPV was associated with a reduced risk of air leak compared to BiPAP and CPAP (0.36 [0.16, 0.73]; 0.54 [0.30, 0.87], respectively). NIPPV resulted in lesser incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia or mortality when compared to CPAP (0.74 [0.52, 0.98]). Nasal injury was lesser with HFNC compared to CPAP (0.15 [0.01, 0.60]).ConclusionsMost effective primary mode of NRS in preterm neonates with RDS was NIPPV.
Lung function deterioration in school children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Walicka‐Serzysko Katarzyna , Postek Magdalena , Milczewska Justyna , Sands Dorota 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionLung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) begins early in life but the capabilities for detecting abnormalities of pulmonary dysfunction in children remain limited.ObjectiveThe study aimed to evaluate the early progression of lung function by the analysis of pulmonary hyperinflation, ventilation inhomogeneity (VI), trapped gas and airway obstruction with age.MethodsOne hundred CF children aged 7 to 18, divided into two groups aged 7 to 12 (n = 40) and 13 to 18 (n = 60), were enrolled. Patients performed multiple‐breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) tests and plethysmography for measurements of lung clearance index (LCI), functional residual capacity (FRCpleth, FRCMBNW), volume of trapped gas (VT), total resistance, and effective and specific effective airway resistance (Reff, sReff).ResultsWe obtained a positive correlation of FRCpleth, FRCMBNW, and LCI with age. A linear correlation between FRCMBNW and FRCpleth (P < .0001) was observed.VI was higher in the group of older patients (9.79 in the group aged 7‐12 and 11.67 in the group aged 13‐18). An increased effective specific airway resistance >2 (z‐score) was present in 58% of all subjects (50% and 63.3%, respectively). Pulmonary hyperinflation (FRCpleth>2 z‐score) was observed in 33% of all patients: 25% and 36.6%, respectively. Trapped gas (VT > 2 z‐score) was present in 18% of all children: 30% and 10%, respectively.ConclusionA gradual decline in lung function is associated with an increase in VI, airway obstruction, pulmonary hyperinflation and development of trapped gas. In children who cannot perform either spirometry or plethysmography, MBNW can deliver a measurement of LCI connecting with VI as well as FRCMBNW to indicate indirectly the increase of hyperinflation.
Analysis bias induced in assimilation of the radio occultation bending angle with complex structures in the tropical troposphere
Authors: Liu Hui , Kuo Ying‐Hwa , Sokolovskiy Sergey , Zou Xiaolei , Zeng Zhen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the tropical lower troposphere, the radio occultation (RO) bending angle can have complex and sharp structures. In current numerical weather prediction data assimilation, the estimated observation uncertainty (or error) of the RO bending angle is typically derived from a fixed‐fraction uncertainty model of the RO bending angle. Therefore, the complex and sharp structures can exist in the observation uncertainty as well. This study investigates a potential analysis bias induced in the assimilation of COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate) RO bending angles as a result of these complex and sharp structures in the observation uncertainty in the tropical troposphere. It is demonstrated that the complex structures can create a clear negative bias, up to −0.7%, in the bending angle space in the regional analysis with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The WRF analyses and backgrounds also show a larger bias from the COSMIC RO bending angles.
Agroecosystem management responses to Haney soil health test in the southeastern United States
Authors: Singh Surendra , Jagadamma Sindhu , Yoder Daniel , Yin Xinhua , Walker Forbes 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQuantifying the impacts of agricultural management on soil health is critical for making informed sustainable management decisions as soil resources inevitably undergo alterations due to management. One recently popular and soil biology–based method of soil health assessment is the Haney Soil Health Test (HSHT), whose most recent version is known as the “soil health tool”, attempts to integrate soil health and fertility. Comprehensive evaluation of the HSHT and its underlying indicators in different agroecological regions is currently lacking. This study therefore evaluates the HSHT on three ongoing field experiments in southeastern United States: (a) 39 yr of continuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] with different tillage treatments, (b) 4 yr of corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean rotation with different cover crop treatments, and (c) 37 yr of continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with tillage, cover crops, and nitrogen (N) rates. Soil samples (0‐ to 15‐cm depth) were analyzed for HSHT indicators (i.e., Solvita CO2–C, water‐extractable organic C [WEOC], water‐extractable organic N [WEON], and WEOC/WEON), two versions of soil health score (SHS) calculations (SHS2015 and SHS2018), and potential N mineralization (Nmin) rates. Additionally, H3A‐ and Mehlich‐1–based extractable soil nutrients were determined to test the fertility component of HSHT. The individual HSHT indicators, SHS2015, SHS2018, and Nmin showed inconsistent responses to management, where most variation in SHS was driven by WEON (0.68 < R2 > 0.86; p < .001). Additionally, H3A solution extracted nutrients with higher variability (18.5 <CV%> 76) than Mehlich‐1. This lack of consistent to response to management in southeastern U.S. croplands implies that comprehensive evaluation and/or modification of HSHT is required for broader applicability.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Mesoporous Architectured Ru Films Using Supramolecular Templates
Authors: Kani Kenya , Henzie Joel , Dag Ömer , Wood Kathleen , Iqbal Muhammad , Lim Hyunsoo , Jiang Bo , Salomon Carlos , Rowan Alan E. , Hossain Md. Shahriar A. , Na Jongbeom , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical synthesis of mesoporous ruthenium (Ru) films using sacrificial self‐assembled block polymer micelles templates, and its electrochemical surface oxidation to RuOx is described. Unlike standard methods such as thermal oxidation, the electrochemical oxidation method described here retains the mesoporous structure. Ru oxide materials serve as high‐performance supercapacitor electrodes due to their excellent pseudocapacitive behavior. The mesoporous architectured film shows superior specific capacitance (467 F g−1 Ru) versus a nonporous Ru/RuOx electrode (28 F g−1 Ru) that is prepared via the same method but omitting the pore‐directing polymer. Ultrahigh surface area materials will play an essential role in increasing the capacitance of this class of energy storage devices because the pseudocapacitive redox reaction occurs on the surface of electrodes.
Probabilistic modeling of reinforcing bar fatigue on the basis of surface topography data
Authors: Osterminski Kai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe fatigue of reinforcing bars—as one example of reinforcements in general— is strongly influenced by their surface properties. A lot of research in the 1960s and 1970s has led to the formulation of an analytical model that connects notch stresses to the resulting load cycles in fatigue tests. This article presents the work undertaken in a DFG (German Research Foundation) research project, in which the procedure for assessing the surface properties of rebars with a high‐precision laser‐linescan system (LLS‐system) and subsequently performed fatigue tests were developed. An analytical model was taken as a basis in order to quantify the input parameters and derive the corresponding notch stress factors. The concluding modeling took the scatter into account and allowed for a safety‐based recommendation for the derived notch stress factors of reinforcing bars.
Recent Advances on Purification of Lactic Acid
Authors: Meng Kexin , Zhang Guangyu , Ding Chuanqin , Zhang Tongyang , Yan Hui , Zhang Dongpei , Fang Tianqi , Liu Mengyuan , You Zhenchao , Yang Chaohe , Shen Jian , Jin Xin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith increasing interest in developing biodegradable polymers to replace fossil‐based products globally, lactic acid (LA) has been paid extensive attention due to the high environment‐compatibility of its downstream products. The mainstream efforts have been put in developing energy‐efficient conversion technologies through biological and chemical routes to synthesize LA. However, to our best knowledge, there is a lack of sufficient attention in developing effective separation technologies with high atom economics for purifying LA and derivatives. In this review, the most recent advances in purifying LA using precipitation, reactive extraction, emulsion liquid membrane, reactive distillation, molecular distillation, and membrane techniques will be discussed critically with respect to the fundamentals, flow scheme, energy efficiency, and equipment. The outcome of this article is to offer insights into implementing more atomic and energy‐efficient technologies for upgrading LA.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with amphistome parasites in cattle in Iran
Authors: Hajipour Nasser , Mirshekar Fereshteh , Hajibemani Abolfazl , Ghorani Mohammadreza 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAmphistomiasis, a neglected trematode infection of ruminants, has recently come up as an important reason for economic losses. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bovine amphistomiasis and associated risk factors such as: age, gender, breed, season, water source, pastureland and grazing system. Between January 2016 and 2017, a total of 1,000 faecal samples and 1,000 rumens of cattle were collected from slaughterhouse of Zabol, Iran ante‐mortem and post‐mortem, respectively, and examined. The overall prevalence was 34.6% and 19.5% in terms of amphistome adults and eggs respectively. The identified amphistome species and their prevalence were Paramphistomumcervi (13.3%), Cotylophoroncotylophorum (19.5%), Gastrothylaxcrumenifer (5.9%) and Carmyeriusspatiosus (2.7%). The correlation between prevalence and season, age, breed, water source, pastureland and grazing system was significant (p < .0001). The presented information about the prevalence of amphistomes of cattle and individual and management risk factors can be used to design appropriate control measures.
Food‐processing wastes
Authors: Frenkel Val S. , Cummings Gregg A. , Maillacheruvu Kris Y. , Tang Walter Z. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLiterature published in 2018 and literature published in 2019 related to food‐processing wastes treatment for industrial applications are reviewed. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food‐processing industries and applications: general, meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, dairy and beverage, and miscellaneous treatment of food wastes.Practitioner points

This article summarizes literature reviews published in 2018 and in 2019 related to food processing wastes treatment for industrial applications are reviewed.

This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food processing industries and applications: general, meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, dairy and beverage, and miscellaneous treatment of food wastes.