bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein‐Based Nano‐Vessels Facilitates the Victoria Blue B Mediated Inhibition of Amyloid Fibrillation
Authors: Nie Junlian , Chen Zhijun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAmyloid fibrils are associated with a number of serious and incurable diseases. The understanding of the pathogenic formation of amyloid proteins is progressing. Nonetheless, no treatment is available to deal with amyloid diseases. It is reported here that victoria blue B (VBB) contains an intrinsic marginal inhibitory activity toward protein fibrillation. Moreover, when VBB is co‐assembled with scaffold proteins to form fluorescent protein nano‐vessels (VBB‐FPNs), these complexes show much improved fibrillation inhibitory effects. VBB‐FPNs can effectively inhibit lysozyme fibrils formation likely through delaying the nucleation and elongation in a concentration‐dependent manner as shown by fluorescent assay, circular dichroism, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. This work describes a new inhibitor of protein fibrillation and provides a new means to enhance the inhibition efficiency of given inhibitors, thus affording a fresh angle to modulate protein fibrillation.
Historical incidence of mid‐autumn wind storms in New England
Authors: Simonson Julia M. , Birkel Sean D. , Maasch Kirk A. , Mayewski Paul A. , Lyon Bradfield , Carleton Andrew M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNew England has seen a number of mid‐autumn (October–November) wind storms—high‐wind events associated with extratropical cyclones—in recent years that have produced extensive infrastructure damage, raising concerns that these events may become more common in a changing climate. Storms developing at this time of year are unique in that they can have dominant cold‐season characteristics while also being fueled by warm‐season moisture sources (such as the remnants of tropical cyclones) or the result of an extratropical transition. To provide insights on the behavior of such storms, we explore recent storm frequency and intensity by using reanalysis and station‐based meteorological observations onward from 1979. Variables taken into consideration include 10 m wind speed, sea‐level pressure and precipitation. The results do not show a statistically significant increase in the overall frequency of mid‐autumn wind storms nor of their intensity with respect to central pressure or surface wind speeds. However, there is a statistically significant trend toward increasing precipitation accompanying wind storms with maximum 10 m wind gusts greater than 26 m⋅s−1 (58 mph). While stronger high‐wind events tend to be associated with lower central sea‐level pressure values and substantial intensification rates, other factors such as storm tracks and the pressure gradient across the New England region also affect the development and overall impact of storms. This study highlights the variety of elements, such as the background climate conditions, which could potentially increase the risk of wind damage in a warming world.
Robust responses of typhoon hazards in northern Japan to global warming climate: cases of landfalling typhoons in 2016
Authors: Nayak Sridhara , Takemi Tetsuya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn August 2016, an unusual occurrence of the landfall of four typhoons in northern Japan caused severe and widespread damage by excessive rainfall and high wind. This study examines the characteristics and structure of these typhoons and the responses to the global warming climate to explore the robust features of typhoon hazards in northern Japan in a future warming climate. By obtaining similar typhoon tracks under the 2016 conditions and a pseudo global warming (PGW) climate, we found that the typhoon intensity under the PGW climate becomes stronger with higher lifetime maximum wind up to ~10 m·s−1 and lower lifetime minimum sea level pressure of ~20 hPa. Rainfall associated with the typhoons indicated a robust increase in northern Japan in the PGW climate, while the changes in surface winds in the PGW climate depend on the case. A higher rate of intensification and more availability of energy are expected in the future warming climate especially over the landfall regions. All the typhoons except Typhoon Lionrock, after making landfall over Hokkaido region, exhibited a much deeper cold core structure in the future climate. Overall results suggest that the hazards related to typhoons over northern Japan will be more severe in the future warming climate.
Microwave synthesized TiP2O7 assisted by carbon‐coating as anode material for aqueous rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Song Haosheng , Wang Han , Whitacre Jay F. , Wu Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTiP2O7 and carbon‐coated TiP2O7 were successfully synthesized via a rapid microwave method and were electrochemically tested in 1 M Li2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. Physical properties were characterized through X‐ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The relationship between processing parameters (graphite concentration, ball mill duration, microwave energy input, heating duration) and the final products' electrochemical performance was studied. Full cell tests with LiMn2O4 cathode materials were also tested to obtain cycling stability and rate performance results. The highest specific capacity of C‐TiP2O7 was 109 mAh g‐1 (90.1% of the theoretical capacity) from the cyclic voltammetry test with the scan rate of 0.3 mV s‐1. After 200 cycles under the rate of 0.5C, the C‐TiP2O7’s capacity still maintained 92% of the initial capacity. These results suggested that the rapid microwave synthesis method is a promising process to synthesis the electrode materials with excellent electrochemical performances.
The 5:1 rule overestimates the needed tunnel length during ureteral reimplantation
Authors: Kalayeh Kourosh , Brian Fowlkes J. , Schultz William W. , Sack Bryan S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsPaquin asserts that in order for ureterovesical junctions (UVJs) to prevent reflux, the ureteral tunnel length‐to‐diameter ratio needs to be 5:1. We hypothesize that the surgical implementation of this observation results in an overestimation of the needed length‐to‐diameter ratio to prevent vesicoureteral reflux.MethodsWith finite elements, we model the urine storage phase of the bladder under nonlinear conditions. In the reference state, the bladder is assumed to be a sphere with an oblique straight elliptical hole as the UVJ. Broad parametric studies on different length‐to‐diameter ratios are performed as the bladder volume increases from 10% to 110% capacity.ResultsThe capability of the UVJ to prevent reflux during storage depends on its length‐to‐diameter ratio. UVJs with larger length‐to‐diameter ratios lengthen and narrow as the bladder volume increases, causing the closure of the UVJ and rise in its flow resistance. Our model shows that the UVJ length‐to‐diameter ratio decreases as the bladder volume increases. The 5:1 ratio implemented at 80% capacity—approximate volume or bladder wall stretch during ureteroneocystostomy (UNC)—corresponds to 7:1 at the reference state—used by Paquin. The 5:1 ratio implemented at the reference state corresponds to 3:1 at 80% capacity.ConclusionsOur modeling results are consistent with Paquin's original observation on the significance of the UVJ length‐to‐diameter ratio in preventing reflux. They, however, indicate that the surgical implementation of this rule during UNC results in an overestimation of the requisite tunnel length‐to‐diameter ratio to prevent reflux. They also suggest that the UVJ closure is due to the bladder wall deformation rather than the pressure.
Prevalence and impact of bladder and bowel disorders in women with breast cancer: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Colombage Udari N. , Lin Kuan‐Yin , Soh Sze‐Ee , Frawley Helena C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundOne of the consequences of breast cancer treatments may be the onset of new, or aggravation of preexisting bladder and bowel disorders. However, the presence and impact of these disorders in women with breast cancer are poorly documented. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the prevalence, incidence and impact of bladder and bowel disorders in women undergoing breast cancer treatment.MethodsA systematic search of six databases was conducted. Pooled prevalence rates and impact of bladder and bowel disorders were calculated using random‐effects models.ResultsA total of 32 studies met the inclusion criteria, and 17 studies were included in the meta‐analyses. The pooled estimate of women who experienced bladder disorders following sensitivity analysis, which removed one study reporting a result that deviated from the pooled estimate, was 38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32%–44%; I2 = 98%; n = 4584). The impact of bladder and bowel disorders on women's daily lives was relatively low (bladder [scale: 0–4]: mean: 0.8; 95% CI: 0.4–1.1; I2 = 99%; n = 4908; bowel [scale: 0–100]: mean 14.2; 95% CI: 9.4–19; I2 = 95%; n = 1024).ConclusionThis is the first study to comprehensively document the magnitude of bladder and bowel disorders in the breast cancer population. This meta‐analysis found that women with breast cancer had a higher prevalence of urinary incontinence (38%) compared to women without breast cancer (21%). Given the extent and impact of our findings, screening and management of bladder and bowel disorders may be indicated in women with breast cancer to improve their health‐related quality of life.
Realistic head‐shaped phantom with brain‐mimicking metabolites for 7 T spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Jona Ghil , Furman‐Haran Edna , Schmidt Rita 
Published: October 2020

PurposeMoving to ultra‐high fields (≥7 T), the inhomogeneity of both RF (B1) and static (B0) magnetic fields increases, which further motivates us to design a realistic head‐shaped phantom, especially for spectroscopic imaging. Such phantoms provide images similar to the human brain and serve as a reliable tool for developing and examining methods in MRI. This study aims to develop and characterize a realistic head‐shaped phantom filled with brain‐mimicking metabolites for MRS and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in a 7 T MRI scanner.MethodsA 3D head‐shaped container with three sections—mimicking brain, muscle and precranial lipid—was constructed. The phantom was designed to provide robustness to heating, mechanical damage and leakage, with easy refilling. The head’s shape and the agarose mixture were optimized to provide B0 and B1 distributions and T1/T2 relaxation values similar to those of human brain. Eight brain‐tissue‐mimicking metabolites were included for spectroscopy. The phantom was evaluated for localized spectroscopy, fast spectroscopic imaging and fat suppression.ResultsThe B0 and B1 maps showed distribution similar to that of human brain, with increased B0 inhomogeneity near the nasal and ear areas and reduced B1 in the temporal lobe and brain stem regions, as expected in vivo. The metabolites’ concentrations were verified by single‐voxel spectroscopy, showing an average deviation of 11%. Fast spectroscopic imaging and imaging with fat suppression were demonstrated.ConclusionA 3D head‐shaped phantom for human brain imaging and spectroscopic imaging in 7 T MRI was demonstrated, making it a realistic phantom for methodology development at 7 T.
Uniformly convergent scheme for two‐parameter singularly perturbed problems with non‐smooth data
Authors: Kumar Devendra , Kumari Parvin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA numerical scheme is constructed for the problems in which the diffusion and convection parameters (ϵ1andϵ2, respectively) both are small, and the convection and source terms have a jump discontinuity in the domain of consideration. Depending on the magnitude of the ratios, andtwo different cases have been considered separately. Through rigorous analysis, the theoretical error bounds on the singular and regular components of the solution are obtained separately, which shows that in both cases the method is convergent uniformly irrespective of the size of the parametersϵ1,ϵ2. Two test problems are included to validate the theoretical results.
Genome‐wide mutation analysis in precancerous lesions of endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Li Lihong , Yue Pinli , Song Qianqian , Yen Ting‐Tai , Asaka Shiho , Wang Tian‐Li , Beavis Anna L , Fader Amanda N , Jiao Yuchen , Yuan Guangwen , Shih Ie‐Ming , Song Yan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClinicopathological evidence supports endometrial atypical hyperplasia (AH) or endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia as the precursor of uterine endometrioid carcinoma (EC), the most common gynecologic malignancy. However, the pathogenic progression from AH to EC remains unclear. Here, we employed whole‐exome sequencing to identify somatic mutations and copy number changes in micro‐dissected lesions from 30 pairs of newly diagnosed AH and EC. We found that all but one pair of AHs shared the same DNA mismatch repair status as their corresponding ECs. The percentage of common mutations between AH lesions and corresponding ECs varied significantly, ranging from 0.1% to 82%. Microsatellite stable AHs had fewer cancer driver mutations than ECs (5 versus 7, p = 0.017), but among microsatellite unstable AHs and ECs there was no difference in mutational numbers (36 versus 38, p = 0.65). As compared to AH specimens, 19 (79%) of 24 microsatellite stable EC tumors gained new cancer driver mutations, most of which involved PTEN, ARID1A, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, or CHD4. Our results suggest that some AH lesions are the immediate precursor of ECs, and progression depends on acquisition of additional cancer driver mutations. However, a complex clonal relationship between AH and EC can also be appreciated, as in some cases both lesions diverge very early or arise independently, thus co‐developing with distinct genetic trajectories. Our genome‐wide profile of mutations in AH and EC shines new light on the molecular landscape of tumor progression. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Globoidnan A, rabdosiin and globoidnan B as new phenolic markers in European‐sourced comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) root samples
Authors: Trifan Adriana , Wolfram Evelyn , Esslinger Nils , Grubelnik Andreas , Skalicka‐Woźniak Krystyna , Minceva Mirjana , Luca Simon Vlad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionSymphytum officinale L. (comfrey, Boraginaceae) is a cultivated or spontaneously growing medicinal plant that is traditionally used for the treatment of bone fractures, hematomas, muscle pains and joint pains. A wide range of topical preparations and dried roots for ex tempore applications are marketed in European drug stores or pharmacies.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to perform the qualitative and quantitative analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and phenolic compounds in the hydroethanolic extracts of 16 commercial comfrey root batches purchased from 12 different European countries.MethodsLiquid chromatography hyphenated with high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS/MS) was used for the profiling of PAs and phenolic compounds, whereas LC‐MS/MS and liquid chromatography with diode array detection (LC‐DAD) were used for their quantification.Results20 PAs (i.e. intermedine, lycopsamine, acetylintermedine, acetyllycopsamine, symphytine, symphytine‐N‐oxide), 17 phenolic compounds (i.e. caffeic and rosmarinic acids, rabdosiin, globoidnan A, globoidnan B) and 9 nonphenolic compounds (sugars, organic and fatty acids) were fully or partly annotated in the analysed samples. In addition, the quantitative analyses revealed that globoidnan B, rabdosiin and globoidnan A are new phenolic markers that can be used together with rosmarinic acid and PAs for the quality control of commercial comfrey root batches.ConclusionsThis study brings new insights into the phytochemical complexity of S. officinale, revealing not only numerous toxic PAs, but also a significant number of valuable phenolic compounds that could contribute to the bioactivities of comfrey‐based preparations.
Cytogenetic signatures of recurrent pregnancy losses
Authors: Yatsenko Svetlana A. , Quesada‐Candela Cristina , Saller Devereux N. , Beck Stacy , Jaffe Ronald , Kostadinov Stefan , Yanowitz Judith , Rajkovic Aleksandar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in the products of conception (POC) of patients with spontaneous miscarriages (SM) and with recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL) and to determine biological mechanisms contributing to RPL.MethodsDuring a 20‐year period, 12 096 POC samples underwent classical chromosome analysis. Cytogenetic findings were compared between the SM and RPL cohorts.ResultsAnalysis of RPL cohort has identified an increased incidence of inherited and de novo structural chromosome abnormalities, recurrent polyploid conceptions, and complex mosaic alterations. These abnormalities are the signature of genomic instability, posing a high risk of genetic abnormalities to offspring independent of maternal age. Predominance of male conceptions in the RPL cohort points toward an X‐linked etiology and gender‐specific intolerance for certain genetic abnormalities.ConclusionsOur study showed several possible genetic etiologies of RPL, including parental structural chromosome rearrangements, predisposition to meiotic nondisjunction, and genomic instability. Loss of karyotypically normal fetuses might be attributed to defects in genes essential for fetal development, as well as aberrations affecting the X chromosome. Molecular studies of parental and POC genomes will help to identify inherited defects in genes involved in meiotic divisions and DNA repair to confirm our hypotheses, and to discover novel fetal‐essential genes.
Effectiveness of adjuvant FOLFOX vs 5FU/LV in adults over age 65 with stage II and III colon cancer using a novel hybrid approach
Authors: Lund Jennifer L. , Webster‐Clark Michael A. , Hinton Sharon Peacock , Shmuel Shahar , Stürmer Til , Sanoff Hanna K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeEstimates of cancer therapy effects can differ in clinical trials and clinical practice, partly due to underrepresentation of certain patient subgroups in trials. We utilize a hybrid approach, combining clinical trial and real‐world data, to estimate the comparative effectiveness of two adjuvant chemotherapy regimens for colon cancer.MethodsWe identified patients aged 66 and older enrolled in the Multicenter International Study of Oxaliplatin/5FU‐LV in the Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer. Similar patients were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare database, initiating adjuvant chemotherapy with either 5‐fluorouracil (5FU) alone or in combination with oxaliplatin (FOLFOX). We used logistic regression to estimate the likelihood of trial enrollment as a function of age, sex, and substage. Using inverse odds of sampling weights (IOSW), we compared 5‐year mortality in patients randomized to FOLFOX vs 5FU using weighted Cox proportional hazards regression, the Nelson‐Aalen estimator for cumulative hazards, and bootstrapping for 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThere were 690 trial participants and 3834 SEER‐Medicare patients. The SEER‐Medicare population was older and had a higher proportion of stage IIIB and IIIC patients than the trial. After controlling for differences between populations, the IOSW 5‐year HR was 1.21 (0.89, 1.65), slightly farther from the null than the trial estimate (HR = 1.14, 95%CI: 0.87, 1.49).ConclusionsThis study supports mounting evidence of little to no incremental reduction in 5‐year mortality for FOLFOX vs 5FU in older adults with stage II‐III colon cancer, emphasizing the importance of combining clinical trial and real‐world data to support such conclusions.
An atomistic simulation towards molecular design of silica polymorphs nanoparticles in polysulfone based mixed matrix membranes for CO2/CH4 gas separation
Authors: Lock Serene Sow Mun , Lau Kok Keong , Jusoh Norwahyu , Shariff Azmi Mohd , Gan Chin Heng , Yiin Chung Loong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIncorporation of inorganic fillers into Polysulfone (PSF) to constitute mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) has become a viable solution to prevail over limitations of the pristine materials in natural gas sweetening process. Nevertheless, preparation of MMMs without defects and empirical investigation of membrane that exhibits characteristic of improved CO2/CH4 separation performance at experimental scale are difficult that require prior knowledge on compatibility between the filler and polymer. A computational framework has been conducted to construct validated PSF based MMMs using silica (SiO2) as inorganic fillers. It is known that nanosized SiO2 can coexist in varying polymorph configurations (ie, α‐Quartz, α‐Cristobalite, α‐Tridymite) but molecular simulation study of SiO2 polymorphs to form MMMs is limited. Therefore, this work is a pioneering study to elucidate feasibility in facile utilization of polymorphs to improve gas separation performance of MMMs. Physical properties and gas transport behavior of the simulated PSF based MMMs with different SiO2 polymorphs and loadings have been elucidated. The optimal MMM has been found to be PSF/25 wt% α‐Cristobalite at 55°C. The success in molecular simulation has shed light on how computational tools can provide understandings at molecular level to elucidate compatibility between varying pristine materials to MMMs for natural gas processing.
Isobaric Tag‐Based Protein Profiling across Eight Human Cell Lines Using High‐Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Real‐Time Database Searching
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Gygi Steven P. , Paulo Joao A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA vast number of human cell lines are available for cell culture model‐based studies, and as such the potential exists for discrepancies in findings due to cell line selection. To investigate this concept, the authors determine the relative protein abundance profiles of a panel of eight diverse, but commonly studied human cell lines. This panel includes HAP1, HEK293T, HeLa, HepG2, Jurkat, Panc1, SH‐SY5Y, and SVGp12. A mass spectrometry‐based proteomics workflow designed to enhance quantitative accuracy while maintaining analytical depth is used. To this end, this strategy leverages TMTpro16‐based sample multiplexing, high‐field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry, and real‐time database searching. The data show that the differences in the relative protein abundance profiles reflect cell line diversity. The authors also determine several hundred proteins to be highly enriched for a given cell line, and perform gene ontology and pathway analysis on these cell line‐enriched proteins. An R Shiny application is designed to query protein abundance profiles and retrieve proteins with similar patterns. The workflows used herein can be applied to additional cell lines to aid cell line selection for addressing a given scientific inquiry or for improving an experimental design.