bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Aurora Image Classification Framework Based on Deep Learning for Occurrence Distribution Analysis: A Case Study of All‐Sky Image Data Sets From the Yellow River Station
Authors: Zhong Yanfei , Ye Richen , Liu Tingting , Hu Zejun , Zhang Liangpei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDeveloping a computational model for aurora image classification is an important task for polar research. However, the design of the handcrafted features in the traditional methods has insufficient descriptive ability for auroral morphology and is dependent on expert knowledge. In this paper, an automatic aurora image classification framework based on deep learning is proposed to solve the problem. In this framework, three basic deep learning networks—AlexNet, VGG, and ResNet—are used to automatically classify all‐sky aurora images via convolution and pooling processes and a back‐propagation mechanism, without requiring manual intervention. As shown in the class activation mapping (CAM), the proposed framework can extract the complex auroral feature representations automatically and discriminatively. The results obtained with all‐sky aurora images from the Yellow River Station demonstrate that the proposed framework has effective transfer ability and can achieve real‐time classification. It is also shown that the proposed method can achieve higher average classification accuracy than the AI‐MFLDA method. The statistical auroral occurrence distribution can be obtained based on the classification results. There are dominant morphological characteristics in the four magnetic local time (MLT) regions of the dayside aurora oval, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Geologic Map of the Niobe Planitia Region (I‐2467), Venus
Authors: López Iván , Hansen Vicki L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a 1:10M scale geologic map of the Niobe Planitia region of Venus (0°N–57°N/60°E–180°E). We herein refer to this area as the Niobe Map Area (NMA). Geologic mapping employed NASA Magellan synthetic aperture radar and altimetry data. The NMA geologic map and its companion Aphrodite Map Area (AMA) cover ~25% of Venus' surface, providing an important and unique perspective to study global and regional geologic processes. Both areas display a regional coherence of preserved geologic patterns that record three sequential geologic eras: the ancient era, the Artemis superstructure era, and the youngest fracture zone era. The NMA preserves a limited record of the fracture zone era, contrary to the AMA. However, the NMA hosts a diverse and rich assemblage of material and structures of the ancient era and structures that define the Artemis superstructure era. These two eras likely overlap in time and account for the formation of basement materials and lower plain units. Impact craters formed throughout the NMA recorded history. Approximately 40% of the impact craters show interior flood deposits, indicating that a significant number of NMA impact craters experienced notable geological events after impact crater formation. This and other geologic relations record a geohistory inconsistent with postulated global catastrophic resurfacing. Together, the NMA and the AMA record a rich geologic history of the surface of Venus that provide a framework to formulate new working hypotheses of Venus evolution and to plan future studies of the planet.
Personal exposures to traffic-related air pollution in three Canadian bus transit systems: the Urban Transportation Exposure Study
Authors: Van Ryswyk Keith , Evans Greg J. , Kulka Ryan , Sun Liu , Sabaliauskas Kelly , Rouleau Mathieu , Anastasopolos Angelos T. , Wallace Lance , Weichenthal Scott 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is associated with increased incidence of several cardiopulmonary diseases. The elevated TRAP exposures of commuting environments can result in significant contributions to daily exposures.

Objectives
To assess the personal TRAP exposures (UFPs, BC, PM2.5, and PM10) of the bus transit systems of Toronto, Ottawa, and Vancouver, Canada. Personal exposure models estimated the contribution of bus commuting to daily TRAP exposures. Associations between bus type and riding exposures and bus stop/station type and waiting exposures were estimated.

Results
Bus commuting (4.6% of the day) contributed ~59%(SD = 15%), 60%(SD = 20%), and 57%(SD = 18%) of daily PM2.5-Ba and 70%(SD = 19%), 64%(SD = 15%), and 70%(SD = 15%) of daily PM2.5-Fe, in Toronto, Ottawa, and Vancouver, respectively. Enclosed bus stations were found to be hotspots of PM2.5 and BC. Buses with diesel particulate filters (DPFs) and hybrid diesel/electric propulsion were found to have significantly lower in-bus PM2.5, UFP, and BC relative to 1983–2003 diesel buses in each city with the exception of UFP in Vancouver.

Significance
Personal exposures for traffic-related air pollutants were assessed for three Canadian bus transit systems. In each system, bus commuting was estimated to contribute significantly toward daily exposures of fine-fraction Ba and Fe as well as BC. Exposures while riding were associated with bus type for several pollutants in each city. These associations suggest the use of hybrid diesel/electric buses equipped with diesel particulate filters have improved air quality for riders.
The integrity of cochlear hair cells is established and maintained through the localization of Dia1 at apical junctional complexes and stereocilia
Authors: Ninoyu Yuzuru , Sakaguchi Hirofumi , Lin Chen , Suzuki Toshiaki , Hirano Shigeru , Hisa Yasuo , Saito Naoaki , Ueyama Takehiko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDia1, which belongs to the diaphanous-related formin family, influences a variety of cellular processes through straight actin elongation activity. Recently, novel DIA1 mutants such as p.R1213X (p.R1204X) and p.A265S, have been reported to cause an autosomal dominant sensorineural hearing loss (DFNA1). Additionally, active DIA1 mutants induce progressive hearing loss in a gain-of-function manner. However, the subcellular localization and pathological function of DIA1(R1213X/R1204X) remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated the localization of endogenous Dia1 and the constitutively active DIA1 mutant in the cochlea, using transgenic mice expressing FLAG-tagged DIA1(R1204X) (DIA1-TG). Endogenous Dia1 and the DIA1 mutant were regionally expressed at the organ of Corti and the spiral ganglion from early life; alongside cochlear maturation, they became localized at the apical junctional complexes (AJCs) between hair cells (HCs) and supporting cells (SCs). To investigate HC vulnerability in the DIA1-TG mice, we exposed 4-week-old mice to moderate noise, which induced temporary threshold shifts with cochlear synaptopathy and ultrastructural changes in stereocilia 4 weeks post noise exposure. Furthermore, we established a knock-in (KI) mouse line expressing AcGFP-tagged DIA1(R1213X) (DIA1-KI) and confirmed mutant localization at AJCs and the tips of stereocilia in HCs. In MDCKAcGFP-DIA1(R1213X) cells with stable expression of AcGFP-DIA1(R1213X), AcGFP-DIA1(R1213X) revealed marked localization at microvilli on the apical surface of cells and decreased localization at cell-cell junctions. The DIA1-TG mice demonstrated hazy and ruffled circumferential actin belts at AJCs and abnormal stereocilia accompanied with HC loss at 5 months of age. In conclusion, Dia1 plays a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of AJCs and stereocilia, ensuring cochlear and HC integrity. Subclinical/latent vulnerability of HCs may be the cause of progressive hearing loss in DFNA1 patients, thus suggesting new therapeutic targets for preventing HC degeneration and progressive hearing loss associated with DFNA1.
WFDC2 suppresses prostate cancer metastasis by modulating EGFR signaling inactivation
Authors: Xiong Yaoyi , Yuan Lushun , Chen Song , Xu Huimin , Peng Tianchen , Ju Lingao , Wang Gang , Xiao Yu , Wang Xinghuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWAP four-disulfide core domain 2 (WFDC2) is a small secretory protein that has been widely studied in ovarian cancer. It has been proven that WFDC2 promotes proliferation and metastasis in ovarian cancer, and serves as a diagnostic biomarker. However, the specific function of WFDC2 in prostate cancer has not been reported. Here, we first screened the diagnostic marker and favorable prognostic factor WFDC2 in prostate cancer by bioinformatics. WFDC2 expression was negatively correlated with Gleason score and metastasis in prostate cancer. Then, we revealed that overexpression of WFDC2, and addition of recombinant protein HE4 can significantly inhibit prostate cancer metastasis in vivo and in vitro. By co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization assays, we proved that WFDC2 binds to the extracellular domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Immunoblot showed that WFDC2 overexpression and recombinant protein HE4 addition inactivated the EGFR/AKT/GSK3B/Snail signaling pathway, and then restrained the progression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. In conclusion, our study identified that the tumor suppressor WFDC2 can suppress prostate cancer metastasis by inactivating EGFR signaling.
Inhibition of CCL2 by bindarit alleviates diabetes-associated periodontitis by suppressing inflammatory monocyte infiltration and altering macrophage properties
Authors: Shen Zongshan , Kuang Shuhong , Zhang Min , Huang Xin , Chen Jiayao , Guan Meiliang , Qin Wei , Xu Hockin H. K. , Lin Zhengmei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiabetes-associated periodontitis (DP) aggravates diabetic complications and increases mortality from diabetes. DP is caused by diabetes-enhanced host immune-inflammatory responses to bacterial insult. In this study, we found that persistently elevated CCL2 levels in combination with proinflammatory monocyte infiltration of periodontal tissues were closely related to DP. Moreover, inhibition of CCL2 by oral administration of bindarit reduced alveolar bone loss and increased periodontal epithelial thickness by suppressing periodontal inflammation. Furthermore, bindarit suppressed the infiltration of proinflammatory monocytes and altered the inflammatory properties of macrophages in the diabetic periodontium. This finding provides a basis for the development of an effective therapeutic approach for treating DP.
Enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in thin ferromagnetic films by atomic-scale modulation of interfaces
Authors: Samardak A. S. , Davydenko A. V. , Kolesnikov A. G. , Samardak A. Yu. , Kozlov A. G. , Pal Bappaditya , Ognev A. V. , Sadovnikov A. V. , Nikitov S. A. , Gerasimenko A. V. , Cha In Ho , Kim Yong Jin , Kim Gyu Won , Tretiakov Oleg A. , Kim Young Keun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo stabilize nontrivial spin textures, e.g., skyrmions or chiral domain walls in ultrathin magnetic films, an additional degree of freedom, such as the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (IDMI), must be induced by the strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) of a stacked heavy metal layer. However, advanced approaches to simultaneously control the IDMI and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) are needed for future spin-orbitronic device implementations. Here, we show the effect of atomic-scale surface modulation on the magnetic properties and IDMI in ultrathin films composed of 5d heavy metal/ferromagnet/4d(5d) heavy metal or oxide interfaces, such as Pt/CoFeSiB/Ru, Pt/CoFeSiB/Ta, and Pt/CoFeSiB/MgO. The maximum IDMI value corresponds to the correlated roughness of the bottom and top interfaces of the ferromagnetic layer. The proposed approach for significant enhancement of PMA and the IDMI through interface roughness engineering at the atomic scale offers a powerful tool for the development of spin-orbitronic devices with precise and reliable controllability of their functionality.
Disruption of the tumour-associated EMP3 enhances erythroid proliferation and causes the MAM-negative phenotype
Authors: Thornton Nicole , Karamatic Crew Vanja , Tilley Louise , Green Carole A. , Tay Chwen Ling , Griffiths Rebecca E. , Singleton Belinda K. , Spring Frances , Walser Piers , Alattar Abdul Ghani , Jones Benjamin , Laundy Rosalind , Storry Jill R. , Möller Mattias , Wall Lorna , Charlewood Richard , Westhoff Connie M. , Lomas-Francis Christine , Yahalom Vered , Feick Ute , Seltsam Axel , Mayer Beate , Olsson Martin L. , Anstee David J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe clinically important MAM blood group antigen is present on haematopoietic cells of all humans except rare MAM-negative individuals. Its molecular basis is unknown. By whole-exome sequencing we identify EMP3, encoding epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3), as a candidate gene, then demonstrate inactivating mutations in ten known MAM-negative individuals. We show that EMP3, a purported tumour suppressor in various solid tumours, is expressed in erythroid cells. Disruption of EMP3 by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in an immortalised human erythroid cell line (BEL-A2) abolishes MAM expression. We find EMP3 to associate with, and stabilise, CD44 in the plasma membrane. Furthermore, cultured erythroid progenitor cells from MAM-negative individuals show markedly increased proliferation and higher reticulocyte yields, suggesting an important regulatory role for EMP3 in erythropoiesis and control of cell production. Our data establish MAM as a new blood group system and demonstrate an interaction of EMP3 with the cell surface signalling molecule CD44.
Low-voltage 2D materials-based printed field-effect transistors for integrated digital and analog electronics on paper
Authors: Conti Silvia , Pimpolari Lorenzo , Calabrese Gabriele , Worsley Robyn , Majee Subimal , Polyushkin Dmitry K. , Paur Matthias , Pace Simona , Keum Dong Hoon , Fabbri Filippo , Iannaccone Giuseppe , Macucci Massimo , Coletti Camilla , Mueller Thomas , Casiraghi Cinzia , Fiori Gianluca 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPaper is the ideal substrate for the development of flexible and environmentally sustainable ubiquitous electronic systems, which, combined with two-dimensional materials, could be exploited in many Internet-of-Things applications, ranging from wearable electronics to smart packaging. Here we report high-performance MoS2field-effect transistors on paper fabricated with a “channel array” approach, combining the advantages of two large-area techniques: chemical vapor deposition and inkjet-printing. The first allows the pre-deposition of a pattern of MoS2; the second, the printing of dielectric layers, contacts, and connections to complete transistors and circuits fabrication. AverageION/IOFFof 8 × 103(up to 5 × 104) and mobility of 5.5 cm2V−1s−1(up to 26 cm2V−1s−1) are obtained. Fully functional integrated circuits of digital and analog building blocks, such as logic gates and current mirrors, are demonstrated, highlighting the potential of this approach for ubiquitous electronics on paper.
Vagus nerve stimulation boosts the drive to work for rewards
Authors: Neuser Monja P. , Teckentrup Vanessa , Kühnel Anne , Hallschmid Manfred , Walter Martin , Kroemer Nils B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInteroceptive feedback transmitted via the vagus nerve plays a vital role in motivation by tuning actions according to physiological needs. Whereas vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) reinforces actions in animals, motivational effects elicited by VNS in humans are still largely elusive. Here, we applied non-invasive transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) on the left or right ear while participants exerted effort to earn rewards using a randomized cross-over design (vs. sham). In line with preclinical studies, acute taVNS enhances invigoration of effort, and stimulation on the left side primarily facilitates invigoration for food rewards. In contrast, we do not find conclusive evidence that acute taVNS affects effort maintenance or wanting ratings. Collectively, our results suggest that taVNS enhances reward-seeking by boosting invigoration, not effort maintenance and that the stimulation side affects generalization beyond food reward. Thus, taVNS may enhance the pursuit of prospective rewards which may pave avenues to treat motivational deficiencies.
Machine learning of serum metabolic patterns encodes early-stage lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Huang Lin , Wang Lin , Hu Xiaomeng , Chen Sen , Tao Yunwen , Su Haiyang , Yang Jing , Xu Wei , Vedarethinam Vadanasundari , Wu Shu , Liu Bin , Wan Xinze , Lou Jiatao , Wang Qian , Qian Kun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEarly cancer detection greatly increases the chances for successful treatment, but available diagnostics for some tumours, including lung adenocarcinoma (LA), are limited. An ideal early-stage diagnosis of LA for large-scale clinical use must address quick detection, low invasiveness, and high performance. Here, we conduct machine learning of serum metabolic patterns to detect early-stage LA. We extract direct metabolic patterns by the optimized ferric particle-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry within 1 s using only 50 nL of serum. We define a metabolic range of 100–400 Da with 143 m/z features. We diagnose early-stage LA with sensitivity~70–90% and specificity~90–93% through the sparse regression machine learning of patterns. We identify a biomarker panel of seven metabolites and relevant pathways to distinguish early-stage LA from controls (p < 0.05). Our approach advances the design of metabolic analysis for early cancer detection and holds promise as an efficient test for low-cost rollout to clinics.
Alveolar regeneration through a Krt8+ transitional stem cell state that persists in human lung fibrosis
Authors: Strunz Maximilian , Simon Lukas M. , Ansari Meshal , Kathiriya Jaymin J. , Angelidis Ilias , Mayr Christoph H. , Tsidiridis George , Lange Marius , Mattner Laura F. , Yee Min , Ogar Paulina , Sengupta Arunima , Kukhtevich Igor , Schneider Robert , Zhao Zhongming , Voss Carola , Stoeger Tobias , Neumann Jens H. L. , Hilgendorff Anne , Behr Jürgen , O’Reilly Michael , Lehmann Mareike , Burgstaller Gerald , Königshoff Melanie , Chapman Harold A. , Theis Fabian J. , Schiller Herbert B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe cell type specific sequences of transcriptional programs during lung regeneration have remained elusive. Using time-series single cell RNA-seq of the bleomycin lung injury model, we resolved transcriptional dynamics for 28 cell types. Trajectory modeling together with lineage tracing revealed that airway and alveolar stem cells converge on a unique Krt8 + transitional stem cell state during alveolar regeneration. These cells have squamous morphology, feature p53 and NFkB activation and display transcriptional features of cellular senescence. The Krt8+ state appears in several independent models of lung injury and persists in human lung fibrosis, creating a distinct cell–cell communication network with mesenchyme and macrophages during repair. We generated a model of gene regulatory programs leading to Krt8+ transitional cells and their terminal differentiation to alveolar type-1 cells. We propose that in lung fibrosis, perturbed molecular checkpoints on the way to terminal differentiation can cause aberrant persistence of regenerative intermediate stem cell states.
Temporal ordering of omics and multiomic events inferred from time-series data
Authors: Kaur Sandeep , Peters Timothy J. , Yang Pengyi , Luu Laurence Don Wai , Vuong Jenny , Krycer James R. , O’Donoghue Seán I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTemporal changes in omics events can now be routinely measured; however, current analysis methods are often inadequate, especially for multiomics experiments. We report a novel analysis method that can infer event ordering at better temporal resolution than the experiment, and integrates omic events into two concise visualizations (event maps and sparklines). Testing our method gave results well-correlated with prior knowledge and indicated it streamlines analysis of time-series data.
Potential quality improvement of stochastic optical localization nanoscopy images obtained by frame by frame localization algorithms
Authors: Sun Yi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA data movie of stochastic optical localization nanoscopy contains spatial and temporal correlations, both providing information of emitter locations. The majority of localization algorithms in the literature estimate emitter locations by frame-by-frame localization (FFL), which exploit only the spatial correlation and leave the temporal correlation into the FFL nanoscopy images. The temporal correlation contained in the FFL images, if exploited, can improve the localization accuracy and the image quality. In this paper, we analyze the properties of the FFL images in terms of root mean square minimum distance (RMSMD) and root mean square error (RMSE). It is shown that RMSMD and RMSE can be potentially reduced by a maximum fold equal to the square root of the average number of activations per emitter. Analyzed and revealed are also several statistical properties of RMSMD and RMSE and their relationship with respect to a large number of data frames, bias and variance of localization errors, small localization errors, sample drift, and the worst FFL image. Numerical examples are taken and the results confirm the prediction of analysis. The ideas about how to develop an algorithm to exploit the temporal correlation of FFL images are also briefly discussed. The results suggest development of two kinds of localization algorithms: the algorithms that can exploit the temporal correlation of FFL images and the unbiased localization algorithms.
Polyethylene glycol (5,000) succinate conjugate of lopinavir and its associated toxicity using Danio rerio as a model organism
Authors: Aremu Oluwole Samuel , Katata-Seru Lebogang , Mkhize Zimbili , Botha Tarryn Lee , Wepener Victor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLopinavir (LPV), a well-known drug administered in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, has shown limitation for pediatric treatment owing to poor aqueous solubility that gives rise to limited oral bioavailability and short plasma half-life (5–6 h). Polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) have been used as drug carriers to improve their solubility. This study reports the preparation of polyethylene glycol (5,000) succinate (PEG–Suc–LPV) conjugate of LPV by the esterification method. The disappearance of the 3,395 cm−1 (O–H stretch of COOH) band for Polyethylene glycol (5,000) succinate (PEG–Suc )confirms the formation ester linkage with the OH group of LPV which is also confirmed by 1H NMR analysis. The XRD for the conjugate showed a broad, amorphous peak while pure PEG, Suc, LPV are crystalline. DSC analysis showed that the conjugate exhibited new broad and diffuse peaks, confirming that they did exist in an amorphous state as multiple complexes. The conjugate showed improved solubility and activity with reduced toxicity compared to pure LPV. The solubility of LPV increased significantly from 80 to 318 ppm. Furthermore, an aquatic toxicity test using Danio rerio showed that the conjugate had a lower LC50 (60.8 ppm) when compared to the pure LPV drug LC50 (6.42 ppm). These results suggest PEG–Suc conjugate of LPV as an efficient carrier for enhanced hydrophilicity and anti-HIV property of LPV.