bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenylhydrazinium Iodide for Surface Passivation and Defects Suppression in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Laskar Md Ashiqur Rahman , Luo Wenqin , Ghimire Nabin , Chowdhury Ashraful Haider , Bahrami Behzad , Gurung Ashim , Reza Khan Mamun , Pathak Rajesh , Bobba Raja Sekhar , Lamsal Buddhi Sagar , Chen Ke , Rahman Md Tawabur , Rahman Sheikh Ifatur , Emshadi Khalid , Xu Tingting , Liang Mao , Zhang Wen‐Hua , Qiao Qiquan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn recent years, hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) have received considerable research attention due to their impressive photovoltaic performance and low‐temperature solution processing capability. However, there remain challenges related to defect passivation and enhancing the charge carrier dynamics of the perovskites, to further increase the power conversion efficiency of HPSCs. In this work, the use of a novel material, phenylhydrazinium iodide (PHAI), as an additive in MAPbI3 perovskite for defect minimization and enhancement of the charge carrier dynamics of inverted HPSCs is reported. Incorporation of the PHAI in perovskite precursor solution facilitates controlled crystallization, higher carrier lifetime, as well as less recombination. In addition, PHAI additive treated HPSCs exhibit lower density of filled trap states (1010 cm−2) in perovskite grain boundaries, higher charge carrier mobility (≈11 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s), and enhanced power conversion efficiency (≈18%) that corresponds to a ≈20% improvement in comparison to the pristine devices.
Fatal hyperkeratosis syndrome in four siblings due to dolichol kinase deficiency
Authors: Hall Bryan D. , Stevenson Roger E. , Jones Julie R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA diagnostic journey began in 1966 when a male was born with a lethal hyperkeratosis of undetermined etiology, only to be followed by three additional siblings with the same unknown disorder. All four siblings had unique circumferential skin constrictions on all of their digits. They died within 5 days after birth with no diagnosis or etiology established. The first author (BDH) maintained notes, partial medical records, photographs, and comments about one autopsy report. This information was regularly revisited in the hope of finding a literature match, but no etiological diagnosis was forthcoming. However, in 2017, Rush et al. reported two siblings with similar phenotype in whom they found dolichol kinase deficiency (DOLK). Ultimately, our family was relocated and DNA isolated from the pathology slides of the third affected infant showed compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the DOLK gene. The variants were in trans, with different missense variants from the mother and father. This 52‐year diagnostic pursuit, culminated in an answer that gave the family an explanation for their losses.
Effect of monoclonal antibodies on olfactory dysfunction caused by chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tsetsos Nikolaos , Markou Konstantinos , Konstantinidis Iordanis 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundOlfactory dysfunction is a common complaint in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The purpose of this article is to critically review all published literature regarding the impact of monoclonal antibodies on CRSwNP‐related olfactory dysfunction.MethodsAn electronic literature search was performed in MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library electronic databases, and multiple trial registries, followed by extensive hand‐searching for the retrieval of relevant studies.ResultsSeven trials with a total of 957 patients were eventually identified and systematically reviewed. Six of 7 studies showed that biologic therapy can improve olfactory dysfunction when compared with placebo. Overall, these biologic agents were considered safe and well‐tolerated. No cases of olfactory deterioration or olfactory loss were reported.ConclusionThis is the first meta‐analysis presenting clinical outcomes with regard to olfactory function in CRSwNP patients who had been treated with monoclonal antibodies. The positive effect of biologic treatment on the olfactory function of these patients requires further study so that the sustainability of results and duration of treatment can be determined.
Rechts vor links?
Authors: Eitner Pascal 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungViele Organismen weisen in Bezug auf Körperbau und Verhalten eine Asymmetrie auf, die zwischen „Rechts“ und „Links“ unterscheidet. Am Beispiel von Plattfischen, Schnecken, Hummern und Walrossen wird gezeigt, dass die Bevorzugung einer Körperseite meist genetisch determiniert ist. Die Aufklärung der Arbeitsweise des Links‐Rechts‐Organisators (LRO) liefert einen Ansatz dafür, wie es in der Embryogenese zur Festsetzung der Körperseiten kommt. Schon auf molekularer Ebene findet eine Selektion zwischen „Rechts“ und „Links“ statt. Dabei gilt das Schlüssel‐Schloss‐Prinzip als Brücke von molekularer Händigkeit zur phänotypischen Asymmetrie der Organismen. So zieht sich ein Band von der Passgenauigkeit bestimmter Stoffwechselpartner über zelluläre Signalkaskaden bis zu makroskopischen Verschiebungen von Organplätzen und der einseitigen Bevorzugung einer Extremität, die bei uns Menschen in einer Dominanz der Rechtshänder gipfelt.
A preliminary investigation into counselling student attitudes towards self‐harming behaviour
Authors: Fox Claudine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThis article reports an exploratory study that investigated the attitudes of counselling students towards self‐harm.MethodA total of 76 counselling students were presented with short scenarios describing an individual who engaged in self‐cutting, self‐poisoning and unspecified self‐harm. Attitudes were measured using the Attitudes towards Mental Illness Questionnaire (AMIQ; Luty et al., 2006).ResultsOverall, counselling students demonstrated a positive response to self‐harm. Significant differences in attitude according to type of self‐harm were also evident. Participants were significantly less positive towards self‐poisoning than self‐cutting or unspecified self‐harm. Attitudes towards self‐cutting and unspecified self‐harm were not differentiated.ConclusionsFindings suggest counselling student attitudes towards self‐harm are worthy of further investigation. Potential implications for counselling training, professional practice and stigma reduction are discussed.
A Critical Analysis about the Underestimated Role of the Electrolyte in Batteries Based on Organic Materials
Authors: Gerlach Patrick , Balducci Andrea 
Published: April 2020

AbstractElectrochemical energy storage devices based on organic materials such as polymers and organic molecules (PORMs) are nowadays regarded with increasing attention. The interest on these systems is related to their promising electrochemical performance, their low cost and their high sustainability. In the last years, several works focused on the development of active materials suitable for these systems, while much less studies have been dedicated to the electrolytes. The aim of this short review is to critically analyze these latter results, and to identify the main aspects that should be addressed in the future. Since the electrolyte is a key component of any energy storage devices, this analysis appears of particular importance for the realization of the next generation of PORM‐based devices.
Hypothesis: bipolar disorder is an Epstein–Barr virus‐driven chronic autoimmune disease – implications for immunotherapy
Authors: Pender Michael P 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic disease characterised by episodes of major depression and episodes of mania or hypomania, with a worldwide prevalence of 2.4%. The cause of BD is unknown. Here, I propose the hypothesis that BD is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection of autoreactive B cells. It is postulated that EBV‐infected autoreactive B cells accumulate in the brain where they provide costimulatory survival signals to autoreactive T cells and differentiate into plasma cells producing pathogenic autoantibodies targeting brain components such as the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor. It is also proposed that the accumulation of EBV‐infected autoreactive B cells in the brain is a consequence of a genetically determined defect in the ability of CD8+ T cells to control EBV infection. The theory is supported by studies indicating that autoimmunity, EBV infection and CD8+ T‐cell deficiency all have roles in the pathogenesis of BD. According to the hypothesis, BD should be able to be treated by EBV‐specific T‐cell therapy and to be prevented by vaccination against EBV in early childhood. Exposure to sunlight or appropriate artificial light should also be beneficial in BD by augmenting CD8+ T‐cell control of EBV infection.
Current concepts on how to optimise skin needling 2020: A personal experience
Authors: Fernandes Desmond 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis is a brief history of the skin needling treatment (collagen induction therapy), and it covers the original clinical work that was validated by research of Matthias Aust and the team at Hanover Medical School, Germany. Skin needling became the very first medical procedure to induce regeneration instead of scar formation, as it employs TGFB3 and IL10. The methods to optimise the effects of skin needling are examined. The depth of penetration into the skin will depend upon the condition treated. Wrinkles, stretch marks and so forth only require 1.0 mm, whereas burn scars, acne scars and so on require a deeper penetration, that is, about 3.0 mm. The use of topicals both before and after skin needling also needs to be considered. Vitamins A and C are scientifically proven to almost quadruple the effects of needling. Selected peptides seem to further enhance the results. Hyaluronic acid is best induced naturally, but it may be used topically for comfort. Finally, the rationale of the intervals between needling is examined. To take advantage of the increased titres of TGFB3 and IL10, the best clinical results seem to come from treatments at 4‐ to 10‐day intervals. For better results, other modalities such as red and infrared LED, platelet rich plasma and mild peeling are receiving attention. Skin needling is the safest and the most effective method to treat photoageing, lax skin, stretch marks, acne scars and burn scars.
Sonic patriarchy in a left‐wing French philosophy department
Authors: Thorkelson Eli 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is a contradiction that patriarchal power and masculine violence continue to endure in academic spaces that are nominally dedicated to liberation and radical critique. How does a left‐wing patriarchy reproduce itself? I propose an exploratory ethnography of a patriarchal drama in France, focusing on administrative meetings in a university philosophy department. Drawing on Rebecca Lentjes’ concept of sonic patriarchy, I propose that an established mode of patriarchal anarchism served to reproduce masculine radical subjects through a culture of aggressive noisemaking. These radical subjects were organized by the exclusion of two sorts of Others: women and conservative men, each excluded by specific sonic processes. The ensuing mode of reproduction was nevertheless unstable, threatened with neoliberal normalization and by internal critiques pointing towards a feminist materialism. When patriarchy becomes self‐dramatizing, dedramatization may become a meaningful political strategy.
“How do Pilates Trained Physiotherapists utilize and value Pilates Exercise for MSK conditions? A Qualitative Study”
Authors: Cuddy Peter , Gaskell Lynne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPilates is a popular exercise therapy approach offering numerous benefits, including muscular strength, flexibility, control, and core stability. Pilates has been widely utilized in the prevention and rehabilitation of a variety of musculoskeletal disorders.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the experiences and opinions of Pilates trained NHS and private practice physiotherapists in the UK, regarding the perceived benefits, risks, delivery and rationale for this exercise method.MethodsThis qualitative study used a self‐designed electronic survey to retrieve the views of 30 physiotherapists, who had undertaken formal Pilates Instruction training, recruited by a purposive and snowball sampling method. Questions were either multiple choice or open‐ended, examined via thematic analysis.ResultsPhysiotherapists identified the most important benefits of Pilates as reduction in fear‐avoidance, improving bodily awareness and increasing muscular strength. Exercises that promote general movement were highlighted as being particularly useful, with a majority recommending daily practice for optimum benefit. Participants recognized lack of core strength as a key indicator, whereas others criticized excessive focus on this principle.ConclusionsPhysiotherapists identified a range of inter‐linked benefits and recognized that Pilates is hugely modifiable. Individualizing exercises can further encourage participation and negate the restriction of some health conditions. NHS and Private Practice Therapists utilize Pilates in a similar way, although rationales for its use may differ, as the justification for Pilates exercise may be evolving. Pilates appears a valuable methodology in the NHS, which can help patients engage with activity.
A Practical Method for the Synthesis of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclobutanes by Cu(OAc)2 or FeCl3 Catalyzed [2+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Luo Hui , Yan Jun , Chen Zuliang , Wei Yingjing , Chen Bin , Liu Yu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCu(OAc)2 or FeCl3 catalyzed [2+2] cycloaddition reaction between terminal alkenes and unpurified dialkyl methylidenemalonates was revealed. This new method represents a scalable and convenient approach for the transformation of alkenes into donor‐acceptor cyclobutanes.
Determination of chlorophenols in water by liquid chromatography method after magnetic solid phase extraction based on SiO2/MIL‐101@Fe3O4 nanoadsorbent
Authors: Mehraban Masoomeh , Manoochehri Mahboobeh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLiquid chromatographic determination of chlorophenols in water and wastewater samples was performed following magnetic solid phase extraction based on SiO2/MIL (Materials Institute Lavoisier)‐101@Fe3O4 nanoadsorbent. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the synthesis and application of SiO2/MIL‐101@Fe3O4 for enrichment and extraction of chlorophenols. The nanoadsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. One variable at a time and central composite design were used for optimization. The optimum conditions were achieved as following: pH value, 4.7; sample volume, 40 mL; nanoadsorbent amount, 25.0 mg; adsorption time, 3.5 min sonication; salt concentration, 10% w/v NaCl; eluent volume, 140 µL 0.01 mol/L HCl in methanol. After optimization, linearity was attained in the range of 0.2‐300 µg L−1 (r2 > 0.9978) and limits of detection were 0.06‐0.2 µg L−1. Method precision as relative standard deviation was less than 6.7% and enrichment factors were achieved in the range of 134–189. The proposed method based on using SiO2/MIL‐101@Fe3O4 nanoadsorbent is simple and fast owing to the magnetically‐assisted separation. Finally, the method was employed for the analysis of mineral water and wastewater samples with satisfactory results (recovery, 89–103%; relative standard deviation, 5.0–7.9%).
Virtual Assistance in Any Context
Authors: Janssen Antje , Passlick Jens , Rodríguez Cardona Davinia , Breitner Michael H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSeveral domain-specific assistants in the form of chatbots have conquered many commercial and private areas. However, there is still a limited level of systematic knowledge of the distinctive characteristics of design elements for chatbots to facilitate development, adoption, implementation, and further research. To close this gap, the paper outlines a taxonomy of design elements for chatbots with 17 dimensions organized into the perspectives intelligence, interaction and context. The conceptually grounded design elements of the taxonomy are used to analyze 103 chatbots from 23 different application domains. Through a clustering-based approach, five chatbot archetypes that currently exist for domain-specific chatbots are identified. The developed taxonomy provides a structure to differentiate and categorize domain-specific chatbots according to archetypal qualities that guide practitioners when taking design decisions. Moreover, the taxonomy serves academics as a foundation for conducting further research on chatbot design while integrating scientific and practical knowledge.
Phase and dimensional stability of volcanic ash-based phosphate inorganic polymers at elevated temperatures
Authors: Djobo Jean Noël Yankwa , Elimbi Antoine , Stephan Dietmar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhosphate geopolymers are part of chemically bonded phosphate cements obtained from an aluminosilicate and phosphate solution. Their structure consisting of phosphate bonds makes them suitable for use as refractory material. This study deals with the influence of phosphoric acid concentration (6, 8 and 10 mol/L) on the stability of volcanic ash-based phosphate geopolymers exposed to 100, 600 and 1000 °C. The results reveal that the onset of crystallization is about 600 °C with the formation of aluminum phosphate (V) and tridymite, then crystallization of iron (III) phosphate (V) and hematite at 1000 °C. The degree of crystallization of these phases increases with phosphoric acid concentration. The geopolymers obtained with 8 mol/L of phosphoric acid showed the best thermal stability at 1000 °C in terms of compressive strength change. The maximum thermal linear shrinkage recorded was 3%. The major phases of all geopolymers remain stable up to 1000 °C, after which the melting of phases happens.
Impedance testing of porous Si3N4 scaffolds for skeletal implant applications
Authors: Akbulut Serdar Onat , Ghorbanpoor Hamed , İpteç Betül Özbek , Butterworth Adrian , Avcıoğlu Gamze , Kozacı Leyla Didem , Topateş Gülsüm , Corrigan Damion K. , Avcı Hüseyin , Güzel Fatma D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSi3N4ceramics show excellent characteristics of mechanical and chemical resistance in combination with good biocompatibility, antibacterial property and radiolucency. Therefore, they are intensively studied as structural materials in skeletal implant applications. Despite their attractive properties, there are limited data in the field about in vitro studies of cellular growth on ceramic implant materials. In this study, the growth of bone cells was investigated on porous silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramic implant by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Partial sintering was performed at 1700 °C with limited amount of sintering additive for the production of porous Si3N4scaffolds. All samples were then sterilized by using ethylene oxide followed by culturing MG-63 osteosarcoma cells on the substrates for in vitro assays. At 20 and 36 h, EIS was performed and results demonstrated that magnitude of the impedance as a result of the changes in the culture medium increased after incubation with osteosarcoma cells. The changes are attributed to the cellular uptake of charged molecules from the medium. Si3N4samples appear to show large impedance magnitude changes, especially between 100 and 1 Hz. Impedance changes were also correlated with WST-1 measurements (36 h) and DAPI results.
Physiological responses to maximal eating in men
Authors: Hengist Aaron , Edinburgh Robert M. , Davies Russell G. , Walhin Jean-Philippe , Buniam Jariya , James Lewis J. , Rogers Peter J. , Gonzalez Javier T. , Betts James A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study investigated metabolic, endocrine, appetite and mood responses to a maximal eating occasion in fourteen men (mean: age 28 (sd5) years, body mass 77·2 (sd6·6) kg and BMI 24·2 (sd2·2) kg/m2) who completed two trials in a randomised crossover design. On each occasion, participants ate a homogenous mixed-macronutrient meal (pizza). On one occasion, they ate until ‘comfortably full’ (ad libitum) and on the other, until they ‘could not eat another bite’ (maximal). Mean energy intake was double in the maximal (13 024 (95 % CI 10 964, 15 084) kJ; 3113 (95 % CI 2620, 3605) kcal) compared with thead libitumtrial (6627 (95 % CI 5708, 7547) kJ; 1584 (95 % CI 1364, 1804) kcal). Serum insulin incremental AUC (iAUC) increased approximately 1·5-fold in the maximal compared withad libitumtrial (mean:ad libitum43·8 (95 % CI 28·3, 59·3) nmol/l × 240 min and maximal 67·7 (95 % CI 47·0, 88·5) nmol/l × 240 min,P< 0·01), but glucose iAUC did not differ between trials (ad libitum94·3 (95 % CI 30·3, 158·2) mmol/l × 240 min and maximal 126·5 (95 % CI 76·9, 176·0) mmol/l × 240 min,P= 0·19). TAG iAUC was approximately 1·5-fold greater in the maximalv.ad libitumtrial (ad libitum98·6 (95 % CI 69·9, 127·2) mmol/l × 240 min and maximal 146·4 (95 % CI 88·6, 204·1) mmol/l × 240 min,P< 0·01). Total glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and peptide tyrosine–tyrosine iAUC were greater in the maximal compared withad libitumtrial (P< 0·05). Total ghrelin concentrations decreased to a similar extent, but AUC was slightly lower in the maximalv.ad libitumtrial (P= 0·02). There were marked differences on appetite and mood between trials, most notably maximal eating caused a prolonged increase in lethargy. Healthy men have the capacity to eat twice the energy content required to achieve comfortable fullness at a single meal. Postprandial glycaemia is well regulated following initial overeating, with elevated postprandial insulinaemia probably contributing.
THE VALUE OF COMMUNICATION AND COOPERATION WHEN SERVERS ARE STRATEGIC
Authors: FACKRELL M. , LI C. , TAYLOR P. G. , WANG J. 
Published: April 2020

In 2015, Guglielmi and Badia discussed optimal strategies in a particular type of service system with two strategic servers. In their setup, each server can be either active or inactive and an active server can be requested to transmit a sequence of packets. The servers have varying probabilities of successfully transmitting when they are active, and both servers receive a unit reward if the sequence of packets is transmitted successfully. Guglielmi and Badia provided an analysis of optimal strategies in four scenarios: where each server does not know the other’s successful transmission probability; one of the two servers is always inactive; each server knows the other’s successful transmission probability and they are willing to cooperate.Unfortunately, the analysis by Guglielmi and Badia contained some errors. In this paper we correct these errors. We discuss three cases where both servers (I) communicate and cooperate; (II) neither communicate nor cooperate; (III) communicate but do not cooperate. In particular, we obtain the unique Nash equilibrium strategy in Case II through a Bayesian game formulation, and demonstrate that there is a region in the parameter space where there are multiple Nash equilibria in Case III. We also quantify the value of communication or cooperation by comparing the social welfare in the three cases, and propose possible regulations to make the Nash equilibrium strategy the socially optimal strategy for both Cases II and III.