bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short Communication: Potential tests of plant growth bacteria for the control of Peronosclerospora philipinensis in corn
Authors: Djaenuddin Nurasiah , SYAFRUDDIN SYAFRUDDIN , PATANDJENGI BAHARUDDIN , KUSWINANTI TUTIK 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Djaenuddin N, Syafruddin, Patandjengi B, Kuswinanti T. 2020. Short Communication: Potential tests of plant growth bacteria for the control of Peronosclerospora philipinensis in corn. Biodiversitas 21: 3886-3892. The study was conducted at the Laboratory and Screen House of the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI). The stages of the study were (i) potential test of bacterial isolates that have the ability to control downy mildew disease in vivo in corn and (ii) molecular identification of the selected bacterial isolates. Experiments were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatment of 24 bacteria which suspected to be growth-promoting bacteria. The parameters observed were disease intensity, percent disease suppression, plant height, chlorophyll content, and crop wet weight. The result showed that only five bacterial isolates namely, Bacillus albus strain MCCC 1A02146, Bacillus cereus strain IAM 12605, Bacillus paramycoides strain MCCC 1A04098, Pseudomonas stutzeri strain CCUG 11256, Serratia marcescens subsp. sakuensis strain KRED, have the ability to induce resistance to downy mildew disease caused by Peronosclerospora philipinensis.
Short Communication: Identification of the exon 1 myostatin gene polymorphism and its association with slaughtered weight in Indonesian Kampung and Broiler Chicken
Authors: Suhartati Linda , KHAERUNNISA ISYANA , GUNAWAN ASEP , RUKMIASIH RUKMIASIH , DARWATI SRI , SUMANTRI CECE , RIZQAN RIZQAN 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Suhartati L, Khaerunnisa L, Gunawan A, Rukmiasih, Darwati S, Sumantri C, Rizqan. 2020. Short Communication: Identification of the exon 1 myostatin gene polymorphism and its association with slaughtered weight in Indonesian Kampung and Broiler Chicken. Biodiversitas 21: 3893-3897. Myostatin is widely known as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development by controlling hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Silent mutation in exon 1 (c.234G>A) was then thought to be associated with chicken growth performances. This study was designed to analyze polymorphisms of c.234G>A mutation of the myostatin gene and its effect on slaughtered weight in Indonesian Kampung and meat-type chicken. The SatI restriction enzyme was used for genotype determination through the PCR-RFLP technique. The effect of genotype on the slaughtered weight was analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure. Genotyping was performed on 138 chicken from Kampung (n=67) and meat type (cobb Broiler) (n=71) chicken. The amplification product contained 226 bp nucleotides. This myostatin gene was polymorphic in both chicken population, produced 2 alleles (G and A), and 3 genotypes (GG, GA, and AA). The A allele had a higher frequency than the G allele in all populations. In this study, genotype of AA and GA had higher live weight, carcass weight, breast weight, thigh weight, drumsticks weight, wings weight, breast muscle weight, thighs muscle weight, drumsticks muscle weight than GG genotype of 12 weeks-old Kampung chicken. The results suggested that the c.234G>A mutation in exon 1 could be potentially recommended as a genetic marker for chicken slaughtered weight traits.
Stock Return and Risk Premium: Evidence from Turkey
Authors: TURSOY Turgut , BERK Niyazi 
Published: August 2020

The finance theory suggests that there might be a relationship between the stock return and the risk premium. Theoretically, stock return defined as the change of the market price, and it is related to the scope of the financial system, which is consisting of the financial institution and financial markets. The way, possibly will be, to contribute the existing literature is to propose a new measurement and this study try to do so.
The aim of this study and its motivation is that investigates a new measure of stock return and attempt to establish a new relationship between return and risk premium. To realise this aim, this study uses geometric mean to calculate return and standard deviation, and after all, apply panel data analysis to investigate the return and standard deviation relationship. In this study, seven commercial banks’ data analysed to the relationship between return and standard deviation with panel data analyses between 1991 and 2010. Also, the geometric mean and value relative concept used to estimate return and the monthly stock prices to yearly basis.
Application of the Extended Gompertz Model in Analyzing Insurance Growth
Authors: MUSHUNJE Leonard , MASHASHA Maxwell 
Published: August 2020

The South African insurance sector is experiencing a positive growth as the nation is on high quality economic growth and development. However, there is little attention with regards to research on the growth analysis, hence the researchers aim to bridge the gap by analyzing the growth using a mathematically based approach. To verify the wide spread phenomenon behind insurance growth an extended Gompertz model (EGM) which is a member of the unified Richards family was used. The quantitative approach by means of functional limits, the cumulative distribution approach, initial value problem (IVP) and the qualitative derivative approach were used to fully analyze the model. We managed to derive a cumulative function was derived which can be used to estimate the number of insurance growth indicators.
The maximum carrying capacity of an insurance industry was estimated using the IVP which in our case is time dependent hence does not concur with other Gompertz related works. Using both the qualitative and derivative approach, a growth function which produced the same pattern with the original Gompertz curve with K(t) as the asymptotically stable and non-constant growth limit were deduced. Hence we can conclude that the growth of insurance sectors does follow a sigmoid shape with non-constant maturity levels. Lastly, we performed a statistical analysis of the nexus between insurance sector growth and economic development using GDP and insurance indicators (net premiums) data. From the statistical analysis done the results showed a positive relationship between the two. This showed that, insurance sector indeed plays a significant role towards economic development and as such their growth patterns should be well attended.
Consumer Brand Preference: An Empirical Study of Car Buying in Nepal
Authors: Rai Bharat 
Published: August 2020

The main objective of the study is to identify the effect of product attributes, price perception, appearance perception, brand personality and self-congruity on brand preference in the buying of car in Nepalese market. Primary data was used for the study and data were collected through structured questionnaire in the five point Likert scale from car users in Nepalese market. Convenient sampling was used for the study and Kathmandu was the sampling location. 500 questionnaires were distributed to car users among them 394 questionnaires were collected. SPSS software has been used to processing and analyzes the data. Mean, Standard Deviation, Correlation and Regression techniques have been used to analyze the data. The research paper found that there is significant positive relationship between independent variables and dependent variable consumer behavior. Moreover, it is found that, there is significant and positive influence of price perception, appearance perception, brand personality and self-congruity on brand preference and product attributes has no significant influence on brand preference in buying of car in Nepalese market.
COVID-19 and Change
Authors: Goede Miguel 
Published: August 2020

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to identify and describe the changes that have taken place or are taking place throughout our societal structures as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.
Methodology – The paper draws from published articles and papers that have reported on the changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in many different areas of research to assemble a larger picture of the overall impact.
Findings – The onset and evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed systemic vulnerabilities in a wide variety of areas, from the world order and the economy to the delivery of health care and the way families function. Given the size and magnitude of the disruptions, returning to pre-COVID-19 conditions is not an alternative. The crisis has accelerated many trends, while muting or slowing others. It has enhanced the shift of the centrum of power from the West to the East. Many countries have begun to think locally again, especially regarding supply chains and food security. The role of government has increased on a range of fronts. Digitalization has increased as the concept of ‘social distancing’ and functioning remotely has become the new normal.
Originality – Over a relatively short period since the pandemic began, many studies on the impact of the pandemic have been published, though they have been largely focused on specific topics. By contrast, the aim of this research was to compile these various impacts to better understand the bigger picture as these dramatic changes are interwoven into our daily lives.
Keywords – COVID-19, World Order, Globalization, Capitalism, Neoliberalism, Governance, Civil right, Climate change, Economy, Science, Food security, Future of Work, Cryptocurrency, Healthcare, Family structures, Learning, Travel, Mass gathering
Conclusions – The pandemic has and will continue to change the world in many areas and in many ways.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Canadian Economy
Authors: Islam Sadequl , Tarannum Tahsina 
Published: August 2020

This paper examines various types of effects of COVID-19 on Canadian businesses and industrial sectors. Using the data from Labour Force Surveys, the paper explores the impact of COVID-19 on the Canadian labour market. The paper also investigates the relationship between the intensity of lockdown measures ( stringency index) and the unemployment rate for Canada and selected countries. The main findings are the following: 1)The businesses which faced a high level of decreases in demand are food &accommodation, arts, entertainment, and recreation and retail trade; 2) Small businesses witnessed a higher level of decrease in demand compared to large businesses; 3) The goods- producing industries, especially motor vehicle and parts producing industries experienced the steepest decline in growth rates; 4)The pandemic adversely affected the jobs of women, workers with high school education, and young workers; 5) Finally, it appears that there is a weak positive relationship between the Stringency Index and the unemployment rate across selected countries including Canada.
SEX WORKERS LIVED EXPERIENCES OF STIGMA IN NAIROBI, KENYA
Authors: MUTISO MOSES MUTUA , MASESE ERIC , MASINDE JAMIN 
Published: August 2020

Since immemorial sex work has been viewed as immoral in the society that we live in. This has made those who practise it to experience something traumatic in their life. Although sex work has been viewed by sex workers as a livelihood still the negative connotation associated with it has never faded. Similarly, studies on the stigma surrounding sex work industry are well documented and easily recognized worldwide. However, few studies examine the emic perspective of stigma among sex workers more so in Kenya. In the face of stigma, it makes sex workers adopt various strategies as a way of shading the stigma as they earn their livelihood. Using stigma narratives from 28 respondents practicing sex work, selected using purposive, snowball and direct sampling techniques, this paper shows sex work as a livelihood to sex workers and they use various means to sustain it despite the stigma they face in their everyday life. This ambiguity is evidenced by the strategies that sex workers use in resisting the perception of their work as immoral and evil and at the same time trying to (re)negotiate their threatened identity due to stigma within the larger community they live in. This paper then argues that stigma still remains a major social problem among those practising sex work despite the various constructions on sex work. This is evidenced from stigma narratives where the sex workers in Kenya are subject to various stigmatizing forces in their daily lives in their interactions with the family/relatives, neighbours, religious institutions, law enforcers, and health providers. These stigmas harm the sex workers’ health, both through apparent manifestations such as physical or verbal abuse and through subtler means such as those which generated or perpetuated vulnerability which then compel the sex workers to come with personal individualized ways or collective ways of dealing with stigma. To come up with development of interventions that may reduce stigma, it is important to understand the ways in which sex workers are stigmatized (manifestations of stigma), as well as who is doing the stigmatizing (sources of stigma) and its solution should be pegged on the various sources of stigma.
Investigating and Evaluating Computer Sciences ESP Syllabus in Tabouk University, Saudi Arabia.
Authors: Mohamed Omaymah Elkheir , Ahmed Ahmed Gasm Alseed 
Published: August 2020

This paper is conducted to investigate and evaluate the ESP computer sciences syllabus in Tabuk University Saudi Arabia. The samples are 80 students of ESP and 15 computer sciences teachers. To collect data, the researchers used questionnaires and an interview .The paper adopted the descriptive analytical approach. For data analysis, the researchers used the computer program (SPSS). The findings showed that the computer sciences ESP syllabus is not based on the students needs , it also showed that the ESP syllabus lacks the strategic objectives. The ESP syllabus is not efficient enough to bridge the gap between English for academic purpose and English for occupational purpose. . Therefore, the researchers recommend taking students needs into account when setting the computer sciences syllabus , involving strategic objectives in the syllabus and establishing sufficient computer sciences goals.
Public Policy or Government Programs: Are a Contribution to the Inclusion in Chile?
Authors: Tomé José Manuel Salum 
Published: August 2020

Given the importance of Public Policies for social transformation, the document explains why and under what circumstances they constitute a decisive factor to promote or inhibit social transformation. A policy is a purposeful, intentional, planned behavior, not just reactive, casual. It is set in motion with the decision to achieve certain objectives through certain means: it is an action with meaning. It is a process, a course of action that involves a whole complex set of decisions and operators . Politics is also a public communication activity . Hence, the purpose of this article is s be a guide in the understanding and analysis of what is meant by Public Policies, as well as contributing to the understanding of the mechanisms for their design and elaboration. That they have a clear and simple idea of ​​what Public Policies are in a generalized context and the steps that must be carried out to implement them.
Foundations in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Possible Causes, Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
Authors: Greening Neville K. 
Published: August 2020

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a long life formative dysfunction characterized by symptomatic criteria that begins early in infants and continues throughout life. ASD is a condition that influences a child's sensory system that includes touch, smell, taste, hearing, and visual abilities. Typical forms of ASD in the pre-2013 DSM-5 manual also include Asperger's Syndrome; and Pervasive Developmental Disorder. The characteristics of these disorders are similar but may differ significantly. Children with ASD show difficulties or delays with social communication and necessary daily activities. Still, on the other hand, some may present themselves with the average ability to communicate both verbally and non-verbally. These disorders affect social interaction, behavior, interests, and other norms in life. Understanding the method of early intervention may include therapy and mediation that will assist in connecting natural and pharmacological approaches to deal with the treatment of ASD and distinguish standard or fundamental dynamic elements for advancing positive outcomes.
Influence of Interpersonal Communication Partner on Uptake of Voluntary Medical Male circumcision among Married Men in Kenya
Authors: Emojong' Omukule 
Published: August 2020

Background
Studies have shown that male circumcision offers partial “vaccine” against heterosexually acquired HIV as a result WHO recommended it as one of the strategies to fight the AIDS scourge. Married and older men have registered low uptake of the “cut” in the targeted communities in Kenya. Considerable evidence suggests that communication inequality and choice of interpersonal information source are determinants in adoption of healthy behaviours such as adoption of male circumcision. This study aimed to examine how interpersonal communication source attributes (trust, similarity and expertise) may influence uptake of male circumcision among married men in Busia County, Kenya.
Methods
Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programme targets males aged up to 49 years. This study targeted married men aged between 20 and 49 years. Measures included socio-demographic characteristics, sources of VMMC information, perception on interpersonal source attributes of trust, expertise, and similarity between source and recipient. Sources regarded as trusted and expert were also measured including similarity dimensions of ethnicity, gender, age and marital status. A total of 377 participants completed the self-administered questionnaires, giving a response rate of 100%. Descriptive statistics tables such as those showing frequencies, mean and standard deviation of constructs were used. Due to the nature of the data collected, the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient was computed to measure the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and interpersonal communication source attribute.
Results
The Pearson Correlation computed revealed there existed a significant positive correlation between age and source trustworthiness and negative correlation with expertise. Marriage duration had a significant positive correlation with trustworthiness of source attribute. Trusted source was a friend. A health care provider was regarded as an expert source while similarity between source and recipient dimensions of age and ethnicity were given more weight. Health worker was the most popular source of VMMC information.
Conclusion
This study has revealed fundamental insights and provided evidence that the quality of the message carrier and demographic characteristics are critical factors to consider in implementing VMMC programme especially targeting married and older men who register low uptake. VMMC programmes using interpersonal channels must put more premium on the choice of the messenger as trust and expertise of source including similarity between communication partners is vital in the success of such communication interventions involving adoption of a sensitive cultural and sexual issue especially targeting married men.
Carbetocin Or Oxytocin To Prevent Postpartum Haemorrhage Due To Uterine Aony In Cases Of Elective Caesarean Section
Authors: Emarah Mohamed S. A. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Despite the technological advancement made in the past few decades, postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) remains one of the principal causes of maternal deaths in developing nations. The administration of uterotonic drugs widely prevents the PPH; therefore, it is the main point of active management. Among uterotonics, oxytocin has proven to be very effective in reducing the incidence of PPH. One prophylactic drug which has been introduced in recent times is carbetocin, a synthetic long-acting oxytocin analogue. It has a longer half life of 41 min, allowing it to stimulate a prolonged uterine response of up to an hour after a single intravenous dose, obviating the need for infusion.
Methods: A total of 120 pregnant women divided into two groups; Group I (Carbetocin group) included 60 women who received carbetocin and delivered by caesarean section (CS), Group II (Oxytocin group) included 60 women who received oxytocin and delivered by caesarean section (CS).
Results: Our result showed that, there was a statistically significant difference for the prevention of atonic postpartum hemorrhage between the two groups (p<0.01), for carbetocin group. There was also a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.01), according to need to additional procedures, such as need to modified B-lynch sutures and need to bilateral uterine arteries ligation for carbetocin group.

Conclusion: We concluded that carbetocin was a better alternative to traditional oxytocin in the prevention of PPH after elective caesarean section.
Factors Affecting Rice Production and Land Usages in Banten Province, Indonesia
Authors: Siagian Viktor - 
Published: August 2020

Banten Province has a harvested area of paddy fields on the 2017 year of 415,687 ha and production of 2,369,731 tons of unhusked rice. The objectives of this study are: 1) Knowing the priority of resources and agricultural inputs use for food production, 2) Knowing the factors that influence the productivity of rice in irrigated land in Banten Province, 3) Knowing the efficiency of the use of production inputs. The sampling method used purposive sampling with 90 respondents. The analytical method used the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and multiple linear regression of Cobb Douglas production functions. The results of the study are: 1) The priority strategy in increasing food production is to increase the use of irrigated rice fields, so that the goal is achieved by increasing the crop index, this can be done by prioritizing the optimization of agricultural machinery 2) Significant factors that affecting the production of paddy rice in the irrigated wetland paddy field in Rainy Season 2017/2018 are the use of urea fertilizer, the amount of use of solid organic fertilizer, the amount of use of human labor rent, and the arable land area, 3). The cumulative elasticity is 1.45, which is elastic, meaning that the addition of 1% of the production factor will increase production by 1.45% or increasing return to scale. So rice farming in irrigated land is relatively efficient. To increase production, it is necessary to increase rice productivity and crop index in irrigated paddy fields.

Keywords: Factors production, efficiency, priority analysis, rice, land usage.
COVID 19 lock-down measures on Zimbabwean populace
Authors: Gumbo Olivia 
Published: August 2020

This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on Zimbabwean populace. The objectives of the paper were to understand the influence of lockdown measures on people living in Zimbabwe. The use of virtual qualitative methodology was utilised. The data gathering methods that were used are phone short message services, WhatsApp, telephone conversations with participants, virtual meetings with key informants and informal talks with some participants on shopping queues. The results of the study are that COVID-19 lockdown measures had negative impact on livelihoods of citizens, brought uncertainties on youths’ future, confusion to school students and erosion of social movements. The paper concludes that COVID-19 lock down measures impacted the general public negatively more than the disease itself. It is recommended that the Zimbabwean government considers the impact of lock down restrictions on the most affected groups such as women, youths and children. The government should cushion the vulnerable groups with safety net allowances and consult them when developing strategies that can help them to come out of the shocks they are currently experiencing.