bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An experimental test of community‐based strategies for mitigating human–wildlife conflict around protected areas
Authors: Branco Paola S. , Merkle Jerod A. , Pringle Robert M. , King Lucy , Tindall Tosca , Stalmans Marc , Long Ryan A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNatural habitats are rapidly being converted to cultivated croplands, and crop‐raiding by wildlife threatens both wildlife conservation and human livelihoods worldwide. We combined movement data from GPS‐collared elephants with camera‐trap data and local reporting systems in a before–after‐control‐impact design to evaluate community‐based strategies for reducing crop raiding outside Mozambique's Gorongosa National Park. All types of experimental fences tested (beehive, chili, beehive and chili combined, and procedural controls) significantly reduced the number of times elephants left the Park to raid crops. However, placing beehive fences at a subset of key crossing locations reduced the odds that elephants would leave the Park by up to 95% relative to unfenced crossings, and was the most effective strategy. Beehive fences also created opportunities for income generation via honey production. Our results provide experimental evidence that working with local communities to modify both animal behavior and human attitudes can mitigate conflict at the human–wildlife interface.
Feasibility and accuracy of tricuspid annular displacement assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography and Doppler tissue imaging
Authors: Tan Yuan , Manouras Aristomenis , Lund Lars H. , Venkateshvaran Ashwin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) is a recommended quantitative measure of right ventricular (RV) longitudinal function assessed by M‐mode echocardiography. Offline alternatives are desirable when TAPSE is unavailable. This study aimed to assess the feasibility, reliability, and agreement between retrospectively obtained measures of tricuspid annular displacement using Doppler tissue imaging (TADDTI) and speckle tracking echocardiography (TADSTE) compared with reference TAPSE.MethodsConsecutive subjects referred for evaluation of heart failure were enrolled. Subjects in atrial fibrillation, significant valvular disease, or with poor image quality were excluded. TAPSE was measured during the examination using M‐mode. TADSTE was measured as the maximal longitudinal displacement of the RV basal segment in systole using speckle strain imaging. TADDTI was derived offline from color‐DTI superimposed grayscale images.Results107 subjects (age 60 ± 16; 48% female) were analyzed. Both TADDTI and TADSTE demonstrated good feasibility and excellent intra‐ and inter‐observer concordances. Although both measures demonstrated strong association with TAPSE, TADDTI showcased lower specificity to identify RV dysfunction and higher false positives. Bland‐Altman analysis revealed a tendency of TADDTI to underestimate TAPSE (bias = 1.40; SD = 2.74 mm) as compared with TADSTE (bias = 0.27; SD = 2.30mm). Wide limits of agreement were observed for both methods.ConclusionsTADSTE and TADDTI provide reproducible and feasible quantification of RV function. However, TADDTI significantly underestimates TAPSE limiting the interchangeability of these modalities.
Comparison of 3D echocardiographic‐derived indices using fully automatic left ventricular endocardial tracing (heart model) and semiautomatic tracing (3DQ‐ADV)
Authors: D’Elia Nicholas , Appadurai Vinesh , Mallouhi Michael , Ng Jun , Marwick Thomas , Wahi Sudhir 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsThe availability of a true 3D dataset provides an opportunity for automation of left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) measurements. Although manual and automated measurements of 3D volumes are known to correlate, the variance is an important parameter for the individual patient. The reasons for discrepancies remain unexplained. We hence aim to explain the disagreement between automated and manual LV and LA volumes.Methods and ResultsA total of 355 patients underwent standard clinical echo, with offline analysis in both fully‐ (Heart Model, Philips) and semiautomated (3DQ‐Adv, Philips) assessment of routine indices of LV and LA function and shape. Each image was classified according to quality using a 4‐point scale as well as the American Society for Echocardiography guidelines for appropriate use of contrast. Bland‐Altman plots were used to assess agreement, and t tests were used to assess differences in agreement. Predictors of volume discrepancy were sought with linear regression. Measures of LV and LA volumes were greater with automatic than semiautomatic assessment. The difference in left ventricular end‐diastolic volume was dependent on the number of regional wall‐motion abnormalities (RWMA) (β = 0.59, P < .04) and image quality (β = 19.71, P = .02). RWMA predicted the difference in left ventricular end‐systolic volume (β = 0.83, P < .01) and left atrial end‐systolic volume (β = −1.01 P < .01).ConclusionLV and LA volumes were higher with automatic than semiautomatic assessment. Image quality and RWMA may contribute to this discrepancy. These limitations need to be addressed before fully automatic assessment of 3D echocardiograms can be used in the clinic.
THE FORMATION OF CONSUMER INFLATION EXPECTATIONS: NEW EVIDENCE FROM JAPAN'S DEFLATION EXPERIENCE
Authors: Diamond Jess , Watanabe Kota , Watanabe Tsutomu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUsing a new data set, we investigate the relationship between the inflation experience and expectations of households in Japan, focusing on the post‐1995 deflationary era. Our first finding is that inflation expectations increase with age. Second, we find that measured inflation rates also increase with age, although age and inflation expectations continue to exhibit a positive correlation even after controlling for the household‐level inflation rate. Analysis suggests that the correlation between age and inflation expectations is driven largely by the correlation between cohort and inflation expectations, which we interpret to represent the effect of historical inflation experience on inflation expectations.
Incorporation of spherical shaped CuO@SiO2 light microtraps into CuCoMnOx spinels to enhance solar absorbance
Authors: Kordas George 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCuCoMnOx spinels were fabricated onto aluminum substrates via sol‐gel processing. The aluminum substrates were anodized to produce rough substrate surface, so to achieve diffuse reflection of incoming light. First, hollow copper nanospheres CuO particles have been produced with a size of 715 ± 15 nm. The copper oxide nanospheres were coated with SiO2 yielding to a total diameter of 980 ± 30 nm comparable to the wavelength of FIR light. The resulting materials were characterized structurally and morphologically. The coatings were assessed with respect to absorptance αsol and emittance εT behavior, determining the α/ε ratio. In case of CuO@SiO2 microspheres incorporation into CuCoMnOx spinel coatings, the α/ε ratio reached the value α/ε of 30. The light trapping/scattering effect of CuO@SiO2 microspheres incorporation was demonstrated by the variation of the concentration up to 1 wt% and determination of α/ε ratio. Based on these measurements, the α/ε ratio increases linearly with increasing CuO@SiO2 microspheres concentration.
Broadband light emission induced by laser absorption and optimized by thermal injection in Nd3+:Y2SiO5 ceramic powder
Authors: Rakov Nikifor , Maciel Glauco S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLaser‐induced broadband (white) light emission has been studied in different particle systems for use in light‐emitting devices. The photoinduced phenomenon occurs above a certain excitation power threshold and it is generally studied under vacuum conditions. In this work, the phenomenon is studied in neodymium‐doped yttrium silicate ceramic powder synthesized by combustion method. White light is observed when the sample is excited in ambient air with a continuous‐wave near‐infrared (λ = 808 nm) laser powered above 1.3 W. When the temperature of the sample is externally raised above 200°C, white light is observed above 1.0 W and a large enhancement of the broadband emission intensity is observed.
Coptisine fromCoptis chinensisexerts diverse beneficial properties: A concise review
Authors: Wu Jiasi , Luo Yu , Deng Donghang , Su Siyu , Li Sheng , Xiang Li , Hu Yingfan , Wang Ping , Meng Xianli 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCoptisine is a natural small‐molecular compound extracted fromCoptis chinensis(CC) with a history of using for thousands of years. This work aimed at summarizing coptisine's activity and providing advice for its clinical use. We analysed the online papers in the database ofSciFinder,Web of Science,PubMed,Google scholarandCNKIby setting keywords as ‘coptisine’ in combination of ‘each pivotal pathway target’. Based on the existing literatures, we find (a) coptisine exerted potential to be an anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory, CAD ameliorating or anti‐bacterial drug through regulating the signalling transduction of pathways such as NF‐κB, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, NLRP3 inflammasome, RANKL/RANK and Beclin 1/Sirt1. However, we also (b) observe that the plasma concentration of coptisine demonstrates obvious non‐liner relationship with dosage, and even the highest dosage used in animal study actually cannot reach the minimum concentration level used in cell experiments owing to the poor absorption and low availability of coptisine. We conclude (a) further investigations can focus on coptisine's effect on caspase‐1‐involved inflammasome assembling and pyroptosis activation, as well as autophagy. (b) Under circumstance of promoting coptisine availability by pursuing nano‐ or microrods strategies or applying salt‐forming process to coptisine, can it be introduced to clinical trial.
Stringent response regulators (p)ppGpp and DksA positively regulate virulence and host adaptation of Xanthomonas citri
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Teper Doron , Xu Jin , Wang Nian 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe bacterial stringent response is a response to nutrition deprivation and other stress conditions. In Gram‐negative bacteria, this process is mediated by the small signal molecules guanosine pentaphosphate pppGpp and guanosine tetraphosphate ppGpp (collectively referred to as (p)ppGpp), and the RNA polymerase‐binding transcription factor DksA. The (p)ppGpp synthetase RelA and the bifunctional (p)ppGpp synthase/hydrolase SpoT are responsible for cellular (p)ppGpp levels. Here, we investigated the roles of DksA and (p)ppGpp in the virulence traits of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), the causal agent of citrus canker. ΔdksA and (p)ppGpp‐deficient ΔspoTΔrelA strains caused reduced virulence and compromised growth in host plants, indicating that DksA and (p)ppGpp are required for full virulence of Xcc. To characterize the effect of stringent response regulators on gene expression, RNA‐seq was conducted using ΔdksA and ΔspoTΔrelA mutant strains grown in hrp‐inducing XVM2 medium. Transcriptome analyses showed that DksA and (p)ppGpp repressed the expression of genes encoding tRNAs, ribosome proteins, iron acquisition and flagellum assembly, and enhanced the expression of genes for histidine metabolism, type 3 secretion system (T3SS), type 2 secretion system (T2SS) and TonB‐dependent transporters. Phenotypically, the ΔdksA and ΔspoTΔrelA strains displayed altered motility, enhanced siderophore production and were unable to cause the hypersensitive response on non‐host plants. In conclusion, stringent response regulators DksA and (p)ppGpp play an important role in virulence, nutrition uptake and host adaptation of Xcc.
Approaching Other Animals with Caution: Exploring Insights from Aquinas's Psychology
Authors: De Haan Daniel D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this essay I explore the resources Thomas Aquinas provides for enquiries concerning the psychological abilities of nonhuman animals. I first look to Aquinas's account of divine, angelic, human, and nonhuman animal naming, to help us articulate the contours of a ‘critical anthropocentrism’ that aims to steer clear of the mistakes of a naïve anthropocentrism and misconceived avowals to entirely eschew anthropocentrism. I then address the need for our critical anthropocentrism both to reject the mental-physical dichotomy endorsed by ‘folk psychology’ and to articulate a more adequate ‘commonsense psychology’ that acknowledges most embodied animal behavior is observable psychological behavior. Next, I argue that we can develop Aquinas's doctrine of estimation and conation to formulate an account of nonhuman animal action that more adequately characterizes the purposeful behaviors of nonhuman animals. To do so, we first need to recognize a wider range of nonhuman animal behaviors that are captured by Aquinas's ‘estimative sense’, and that all of these behaviors are specified by a finite variety of particular goods confined to the animals’ environmental niches. But we also need to supplement Aquinas's account of human and nonhuman animal agency by exploring the ontogeny and ecology of how humans and other animals become attuned to affordances within these different environmental niches. I argue that we should look to Aquinas's account of nonhuman animal capacities in ST I-II 6-17 for subtle insights that can expand our understanding of how nonhuman animals engage in purposeful behavior by exercising analogous nonrational and imperfectly voluntary forms of intention, deliberation, choice, execution, and enjoyment. I conclude with an outline for how future enquiry can seek to explain the nonrational purposeful problem-solving competencies of chimps, canines, corvids, cetaceans, cephalopods, and other nonhuman animal species.
Induction of developmental hematopoiesis mediated by transcription factors and the hematopoietic microenvironment
Authors: Daniel Michael G. , Rapp Katrina , Schaniel Christoph , Moore Kateri A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe induction of hematopoiesis in various cell types via transcription factor (TF) reprogramming has been demonstrated by several strategies. The eventual goal of these approaches is to generate a product for unmet needs in hematopoietic cell transplantation therapies. The most successful strategies hew closely to clues provided from developmental hematopoiesis in terms of factor expression and environmental cues. In this review, we aim to summarize the TFs that play important roles in developmental hematopoiesis primarily and to also touch on adult hematopoiesis. Several aspects of cellular and molecular biology coalesce in this process, with TFs and surrounding cellular signals playing a major role in the overall development of the hematopoietic lineage. We attempt to put these elements into the context of reprogramming and highlight their roles.
A Cognitive Reformation
Authors: Goel Ashok 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough cognitive science started in the 1970s as a multidisciplinary field with the goal of becoming an interdisciplinary one over time, it is now dominated by cognitive psychology. The question becomes whether this matters, and if it does, what should cognitive scientists do about it? I propose that the multidisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity of cognitive science does matter because it leads to potential generation of new ideas, models, and methods. I offer a few recommendations for reforming cognitive science based, in part, on the recent 41st annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society that sought to reopen cognitive science to minority disciplines comprising cognitive science.
Hydraulic Model for Accelerated Flows Through Porous Medium in the Form Drag-Dominated Regime
Authors: Ganesan Krishnamoorthi , Narasimhan Arunn 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The pressure drop for steady uniform flows (UF) through low permeability porous media—packed bed of particles (balls and rods) and sand (K&lt;10−7m2)—is predicted using the existing global Hazen-Dupuit-Darcy (HDD) hydraulic model, composed of the viscous and form drag terms. In this work, experiments are performed to generate pressure drop data for accelerated steady flows through porous media for a wide range of low permeability (10−9&lt;K&lt;10−7m2), low porosity (ϕ &lt; 0.4) in the form drag-dominant (λ ≫ 1) flow regime. Using the data, the global spatial acceleration effect that arises due to channel cross section variation is shown to be unaccounted for in the existing global HDD model resulting in inaccurate prediction of pressure drop, with more than 80% error in such situations. A modified hydraulic model is developed, introducing geometric parameters in the drag terms in the existing hydraulic model, to account for the acceleration effects. By comparing the results with experimental data, the proposed modified hydraulic model is shown to predict the pressure drop for accelerated flows in porous media in the form drag-dominant regime, with less than 10% error.
Enhanced Part Accuracy Through Strain Measurement in Milling Machines
Authors: Burkart Roman , Dugenske Andrew , Kurfess Thomas 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This research explores the measurement of strain in a machining process on a milling machine. The goal is to develop a simple and easy method to determine the strain in a machine. Compared with other already existing approaches, the presented method separates the measurement locally from coolant and chips, which decreases the risk of a failure in the case of a continuously monitored machine. Furthermore, the measurement method does not influence the machining process itself. The separation of the machining process and the measurement enables the method to gather data without manipulating the process itself. By excluding any influence of the measurement process, the research presented in this article proves the general suitability of the method to increase the accuracy of the machining operation by modifying the toolpath of the machine.
Adjunctive aripiprazole for antipsychotic-related hyperprolactinaemia in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Wei , Cai Dong-Bin , Yang Xin-Hu , Zheng Wei , Ungvari Gabor S , Ng Chee H , Shi Zhan-Ming , Hu Mei-Ling , Ning Yu-Ping , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundHyperprolactinaemia is a common antipsychotic (AP)-induced adverse effect, particularly in female patients.AimsThis meta-analysis examined the efficacy and safety of adjunctive aripiprazole in preventing AP-related hyperprolactinaemia in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.MethodsPubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, WanFang and China Journal Net databases were searched to identify eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Primary outcomes were the reductions of serum prolactin level and prolactin-related symptoms. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers and analysed using RevMan (V.5.3). Weighted/standardised mean differences (WMDs/SMDs)±95% CIs were reported.ResultsIn the five RCTs (n=400), the adjunctive aripiprazole (n=197) and the control groups (n=203) with a mean of 11.2 weeks of treatment duration were compared. The aripiprazole group had a significantly lower endpoint serum prolactin level in all patients (five RCTs, n=385; WMD: −50.43 ng/mL (95% CI: −75.05 to −25.81), p<0.00001; I2=99%), female patients (two RCTs, n=186; WMD: −22.58 ng/mL (95% CI: −25.67 to −19.49), p<0.00001; I2=0%) and male patients (two RCTs, n=127; WMD: −68.80 ng/mL (95% CI: −100.11 to −37.49), p<0.0001). In the sensitivity analysis for the endpoint serum prolactin level in all patients, the findings remained significant (p<0.00001; I2=96%). The aripiprazole group was superior to the control group in improving negative symptoms as assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (three RCTs, n=213; SMD: −0.51 (95% CI: −0.79 to −0.24), p=0.0002; I2=0%). Adverse effects and discontinuation rates were similar between the two groups.ConclusionsAdjunctive aripiprazole appears to be associated with reduced AP-induced hyperprolactinaemia and improved prolactin-related symptoms in first-episode schizophrenia. Further studies with large sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.
Chronostratigraphy and terrestrial palaeoclimatology of Berriasian–Hauterivian strata of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA
Authors: Joeckel R. M. , Ludvigson G. A. , Möller A. , Hotton C. L. , Suarez M. B. , Suarez C. A. , Sames B. , Kirkland J. I. , Hendrix B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

This paper presents breakthroughs in the chronostratigraphy of the heretofore poorly constrained Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, which is an important record of terrestrial environments, ecosystems and global change in the ancient North American Cordilleran foreland. Zircon populations from 10 stratigraphic horizons in the Yellow Cat Member yield youngest single-grain ages ranging from 142.5 ± 2.7 to 133.7 ± 2.7 Ma (Berriasian–late Valanginian); those from one mudstone palaeosol yield a robust Concordia Age of 136.3 ± 1.3 (Valanginian). Additionally, a new palynoflora – one of a few to be published from the Cedar Mountain Formation – is assigned to the middle Berriasian to early Hauterivian stages, based on the presence of
Foraminisporis wonthaggiensis
and
Trilobosporites
sp. cf.
T. canadensis
, and the absence of
F
.
asymmetricus
,
Appendicisporites
spp. and angiosperms. Furthermore, these chronostratigraphic data allow us to interpret part of the so-called ‘Weissert Event’ C-isotope excursion (Valanginian) in a new C-isotope profile through a palaeosol-bearing alluvial succession in the Yellow Cat Member. This research extends a firm understanding of the formation further back into the Early Cretaceous than was the case previously (except for ostracod biostratigraphy) and sets the stage for future advancements.
Considerations in using recurrent neural networks to probe neural dynamics
Authors: Kao Jonathan C. 
Published: October 2019

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are increasingly being used to model complex cognitive and motor tasks performed by behaving animals. RNNs are trained to reproduce animal behavior while also capturing key statistics of empirically recorded neural activity. In this manner, the RNN can be viewed as an in silico circuit whose computational elements share similar motifs with the cortical area it is modeling. Furthermore, because the RNN’s governing equations and parameters are fully known, they can be analyzed to propose hypotheses for how neural populations compute. In this context, we present important considerations when using RNNs to model motor behavior in a delayed reach task. First, by varying the network’s nonlinear activation and rate regularization, we show that RNNs reproducing single-neuron firing rate motifs may not adequately capture important population motifs. Second, we find that even when RNNs reproduce key neurophysiological features on both the single neuron and population levels, they can do so through distinctly different dynamical mechanisms. To distinguish between these mechanisms, we show that an RNN consistent with a previously proposed dynamical mechanism is more robust to input noise. Finally, we show that these dynamics are sufficient for the RNN to generalize to tasks it was not trained on. Together, these results emphasize important considerations when using RNN models to probe neural dynamics. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Artificial neurons in a recurrent neural network (RNN) may resemble empirical single-unit activity but not adequately capture important features on the neural population level. Dynamics of RNNs can be visualized in low-dimensional projections to provide insight into the RNN’s dynamical mechanism. RNNs trained in different ways may reproduce neurophysiological motifs but do so with distinctly different mechanisms. RNNs trained to only perform a delayed reach task can generalize to perform tasks where the target is switched or the target location is changed.