bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnobotanical Utilization of Kigelia africana&nbsp;(Lam.) Benth. according to Herbal Medicine Traders in Benin.
Authors: Dossou-Yovo Hubert Olivier , Vodouhè Fifanou G. , Kindomihou Valentin , Sinsin Brice 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThis research aimed at gathering knowledge on the medicinal exploitation and magic utilization of Kigelia africana in Benin. The species has received very little attention in Benin where it is widely used in traditional medicine to treat diseases and recently recorded as a threatened speciesMethodsA semi-structured questionnaire was used in different markets in Benin to gather ethnobotanical knowledge on Kigelia africana from herbal traders. Various percentages of traders were calculated, the Use Value of the most traded parts was determined and the two proportions test was performed to check for difference in Use Value.ResultsThirty-six percent of respondents obtained parts of the species both by purchase in their own markets and by travelling far. The same proportion confirmed that they travelled very far before buying parts they used to sell. None mentioned harvesting the plant parts from wild populations. A high proportion of informants (63%) reported selling fruits and bark whereas a relatively low proportion of them (37%) sell fruits, bark and leaves of the species. Bark was recorded as most sold followed by fruits. Leaves were recorded as least sold.The majority of respondents confirmed the scarcity of the species in recent years. Thirteen diseases, disorders and rituals were recorded and the majority oftraders mentioned the use of bark in treating stomach infections followed by gynecological disorders. Fruits were mainly used in magic rituals followed by treatment for stomach infections. Fruits showed a Use Value higher than bark although bark was recorded as most in demand. Five types of preparation were recorded and 54% of traders mentioned bark decoctions while 27% highlighted infusion of fruits in water.ConclusionsKigelia africana plays an important role in local ethnomedicine and bark and fruits were the most traded organs. Its fruits were relatively more important than bark in terms of uses but harvesting and trade of its parts are threats to the species. Urgent conservation tools are needed for its long-term sustainable exploitation.
Nurses’ Perceptions and Experiences of Rotating-Shift Work in Acute Hospitals: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Min Ari , Yoon Yea Seul , Lee Won 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: An 8-hour shift system with faster rotation (e.g., shift changes every 2 to 5 days) is common for nurses at acute hospitals in Korea. However, there is a lack of information regarding nurses’ perceptions and experiences of rotating shift schedules, as well as the ways in which rotating-shift work affects patient outcomes. This study aimed to identify and describe emergent themes and offer new insights into nurses’ perceptions and experiences of rotating-shift work in Korea. Moreover, it explored the relationship between rotating-shift work and nurse and patient outcomes.Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was employed. Focus group interviews were conducted with 24 rotating-shift nurses at Korean acute care hospitals. Qualitative data were collected between January and February 2019, and conventional content analysis was employed. Results: Three themes and eight subthemes emerged. Major themes were unsatisfactory work schedules, the impact of shift work on nurses' lives, and the impact of schedule-related fatigue on overall work performance.Conclusion: Study findings highlight the importance of optimal scheduling, to reduce fatigue among rotating-shift nurses. Managers and administrators may improve nurse performance and patient safety by reviewing scheduling practices, considering the potential impact of shift schedules on nurse and patient outcomes, and addressing nurse’s scheduling issues. Furthermore, hospital authorities should consider revising schedules to include sufficient breaks between shifts. This study addressed issues that stem from rotating shift work, affecting both nurses and patients. Nurse interviews clarified these issues, which were classified according to theme. This study aimed to find practical solutions for shift planning problems, particularly in Korea, and to inform the development of scheduling guidelines for rotating-shift work in the future.
Cryogenic electro-optic interconnect for superconducting devices
Authors: Kippenberg Tobias , Youssefi Amir , Shomroni Itay , Joshi Yash , Bernier Nathan , Lukashchuk Anton , Uhrich Philipp , Qiu Liu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Encoding information onto optical fields using electro-optical modulation is the backbone of modern telecommunication networks, offering vast bandwidth and low-loss transport via optical fibers.
For these reasons, optical fibers are also replacing electrical cables for short range communications within data centers.
Compared to electrical coaxial cables, optical fibers also introduce two orders of magnitude smaller heat load from room to milli-Kelvin temperatures, making optical interconnects based on electro-optical modulation an attractive candidate for interfacing superconducting quantum circuits and hybrid superconducting devices.
Yet, little is known about optical modulation at cryogenic temperatures.
Here we demonstrate a proof-of-principle cryogenic electro-optical interconnect, showing that currently employed Ti-doped lithium niobate phase modulators are compatible with operation down to 800mK ---below the typical operation temperature of conventional microwave amplifiers based on high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs)---and maintain their room temperature Pockels coefficient.
We utilize cryogenic electro-optical modulation to perform
spectroscopy of a superconducting circuit optomechanical system, measuring optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT).
In addition, we encode thermomechanical sidebands from the microwave domain onto an optical signal processed at room temperature.
Although the currently achieved noise figure is significantly higher than that of a typical HEMT,
substantial noise reduction should be attainable by harnessing recent advances in integrated modulators, by increasing the modulator length, or by using materials with a higher electro-optic coefficient, leading to noise levels on par with HEMTs.
Our work highlights the potential of electro-optical modulators for massively parallel readout for emerging quantum computing or cryogenic classical computing platforms.
Traditional herbal healing practices for the treatment of Malaria and associated symptoms by Miju-Mishmi tribe of Lohit district, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India
Authors: Talukdar Simi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Miju-Mishmi tribe of Lohit district have been practising traditional herbal medicine for curing various ailments including malaria. Present study investigated the traditionally used antimalarial plants and their mode of preparation by Miju-Mishmi tribe to cure malaria and associated symptoms. Also, to explore their biological relevance and phytopharmacological confirmation about the presence of secondary metabolites. Methods: The study was conducted in three villages of Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh., viz. Karhe, ZiroBasti and Telluliang village. Semi-structured interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were conducted with purposively selected interviewees including traditional healers, herb sellers, cured patients, and elderly knowledgeable persons. To understand the popularity of each medicinal plant, systematic analysis of ethnobotanical indices, viz., Fidelity Level, Preference Ranking, Use Value, Informant Consensus Factor and Formulation Score were calculated. Qualitative phytochemical profiling was performed for the plants whose PR % scores ≥ 65 and FL scores ≥ 80%.Results: A of total 79 medicinal plants belonging to 50 families and 71 genera were used in twenty-nine ethnomedicinal formulations. Among these, twenty-four plants were reported to be newly used. Mostly leaves (30.38%) of the herbaceous species (48.10%) were used in different formulations. Maximum formulations were prescribed for internal application (83.54%) with wide utility of extraction (25.81%) followed by decoction (22.58%) mode. The highest fidelity value (≥ 80%) was reported for Aconitum heterophyllum followed by Paris polyphylla, Coptis teeta, Euphorbia neriifolia, Holarrhena pubescens, Tinospora cordifolia, Andrographis paniculata. The highest PR value (≥ 65%) was account for C. teeta, followed by T. cordifolia, A. nilagirica and P. polyphylla for curing malaria fever. The UV index ranges between 0.07 to 0.87, with highest ranking reported for C. teeta (UV=0.87). Species like A. heterophyllum, Andrographis paniculata, Artemisia nilagirica, C. teeta, Holarrhena pubescens, and P. polyphylla are in high market demand. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical profiling of selected plants has confirmed their therapeutic efficacy against malaria.Conclusion: Indigenous Miju-Mishmi people have a great knowledge of antimalarial medicinal plants, which requires a proper documentation. There is an enormous probability of getting many effective antimalarial leads from the reported indigenous plants of Mishmi hills for discovery of new drugs.
Deep Convolution Neural Network Based Artificial Intelligence Improves Diagnosis of Thyroid Scintigraphy for Thyrotoxicosis: a Dual Center Study
Authors: Yang Pei , Pi Yong , He Tao , Zhou Ke , Zhong Xiao , Liu Yemei , Sun Jiangming , Wei Jianan , Xiang Yongzhao , Jiang Lisha , Li Lin , Yi Zhang , Zhao Zhen , Cai Huawei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: 99mTc-pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy is a valid avenue for distinguishing causes of thyrotoxicosis in the clinic, but the interpretation of thyroid scintigraphic images is subjected with significant variation among different inter-observers. We aim to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) system to improve the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis.Materials and methods: We constructed an AI model based on a deep neural network with 2468 thyroid scintigraphic images collected from West China Hospital, and evaluated the diagnostic accuracy for classifying four patterns of thyrotoxicosis: ‘diffusely increased,’ ‘diffusely decreased,’ ‘focal increased,’ and ‘heterogeneous uptake.’ Then, we compared the diagnostic performance of the AI model and five physicians with 200 testing cohorts from two centers.Results: We constructed the AI model, which has the best performance in internal database validation based on four kinds of standout pre-trained networks. This AI model achieves satisfactory performance in classifying four patterns of thyrotoxicosis with an overall accuracy of 91.92% for internal and 86.75% for external data validation. In the following contrastive study, the AI model represented improved diagnostic accuracy and consistency than 5 physicians for interpreting data from West China Hospital (88% vs. 66~73%) and Panzhihua Central Hospital (83% vs. 53%~79%), respectively.Conclusion: Deep convolution neural network based AI model represented considerable performance in classifying four patterns of thyroid scintigraphic images; this may help physicians diagnose causes of thyrotoxicosis and reduced the physicians’ error rate.
Frequency and Risk Factors for Reverse Triggering in Pediatric ARDS During Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation
Authors: Shimatani Tatsutoshi , Yoon Benjamin , Kyogoku Miyako , Kyo Michihito , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Newth Christopher JL , Hotz Justin C. , Shime Nobuaki , Khemani Robinder G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
[BACKGROUND] Reverse triggering (RT) occurs when respiratory effort begins after a mandatory breath is initiated by the ventilator. RT may exacerbate ventilator-induced lung injury and lead to breath stacking. We sought to describe the frequency and risk factors for RT amongst ARDS patients and identify risk factors for breath-stacking. [METHODS] Secondary analysis of physiologic data from children on Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory pressure control ventilation enrolled in a single center RCT for ARDS. When children had a spontaneous effort on esophageal manometry, waveforms were recorded and independently analyzed by two investigators to identify RT. [RESULTS] We included 81,990 breaths from 100 patient-days and 36 patients. Overall, 2.46% of breaths were RTs, occurring in 15/36 patients (41.6%). Higher tidal volume and a minimal difference between neural respiratory rate and set ventilator rate were independently associated with RT (p = 0.001) in multivariable modeling. Breath stacking occurred in 534 (26.5%) of 2017 RT breaths, and 14 (93.3%) of 15 RT patients. In multivariable modeling, breath stacking was more likely to occur when total airway delta pressure (Peak Inspiratory Pressure-PEEP) at the time patient effort began, Peak Inspiratory Pressure, PEEP, and Delta Pressure were lower, and when patient effort started well after the ventilator initiated breath (higher phase angle) (all p < 0.05). Together these parameters were highly predictive of breath stacking (AUC 0.979). [CONCLUSIONS] Patients with higher tidal volume and who have a set ventilator rate close to their spontaneous respiratory rate are more likely to have RT, which results in breath stacking over 25% of the time. Trial registration: NIH/NHLBI R01HL124666, Clinical Trials.gov NCT03266016, Registered 29 August 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03266016
Measurement of step surface contour based on variable sampling phase shift interference phase extraction algorithm based on selective sampling
Authors: Zhang Songsong , Huang Haisong , Xiong Qiaoqiao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Variable frequency phase shift interferometry is widely applied in optical precision measurement, with the accuracy of phase extraction’s direct impact on that of phase shift interferometry. In the variable-frequency phase-shift interferometry, the commonly used phase-shifting devices are prone to phase shift errors, because the ordinary equal-step phase extraction algorithm, which can be merely used to measure simple and smooth surface, influences the accuracy of phase extraction resulting in measuring error, and causes inefficiency led by the long time the iterative process lasts for when applied in complex stepped surfaces measurement. As a sort of step-by-step phase-shifting phase extraction algorithm based on selective sampling is used to measure the step surface contour, the interference image is firstly sampled at equal intervals to reduce the iterative calculation, and in view of the fact that the phase calibration of the test system is not required in this algorithm, the measured phase is given by using the alternating iterative method despite the unknown phase and unknown phase shift amount. The phase extraction accuracy and iteration time among traditional iterative algorithm, four-step phase shift algorithm and the variable phase shift phase interpolation algorithm based on selective sampling are compared in the simulation and experiment. It is shown that the variable frequency phase shifting interference phase extraction algorithm based on selective sampling has shorter operation time, less error and higher accuracy than traditional iterative algorithm in measuring complex step surface.
Low-dose Diosbulbin-B (DB) Regulates Tumor-Intrinsic PD-L1/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway to Increase Cisplatin-Sensitivity in Gastric Cancer (GC)
Authors: Li Chunfeng , Qiu Junqiang , Xue Yingwei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Generation of cisplatin (DDP)-resistance by gastric cancer (GC) cells seriously limits the therapeutic efficacy of this drug in clinic, and recent data suggested that Diosbulbin-B (DB), the main anti-tumor compound of Dioscorea bulbifera L, was effective to improve cisplatin-sensitivity in GC cells. However, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown.Methods: Genes expressions were determined by Real-Time qPCR and Western Blot. Cell viability was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 and trypan blue staining assay. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay was used to examine cell apoptosis. The Spheroid formation assay was used to evaluated cell stemness. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to examine the expressions and localization of Ki67 protein in mice tumor tissues.Results: Here we found that low-dose DB (12.5 μM) downregulated PD-L1 to activate NLRP3-medicated pyroptosis, and inhibited cancer stem cells (CSCs) properties, to sensitize cisplatin-resistant GC (CR-GC) cells to cisplatin. Mechanistically, the CR-GC cells were obtained, and either low-dose DB or cisplatin alone had little effects on cell viability in CR-GC cells, while low-dose DB significantly induced apoptotic cell death in cisplatin treated CR-GC cells. In addition, low-dose DB triggered cell pyroptosis in CR-GC cells stimulated with cisplatin, which were abrogated by silencing NLRP3. Next, CSCs tended to be enriched in CR-GC cells, instead of their parental cisplatin-sensitive GC (CS-GC) cells, and low-dose DB (12.5 μM) inhibited spheroid formation and stemness biomarkers (CD44, CD133, SOX2, OCT4 and Nanog) expressions to eliminate CSCs in CR-GC cells, which were reversed by upregulating programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1). Furthermore, we proved that PD-L1 negatively regulated NLRP3 in CR-GC cells, and low-dose DB (12.5 μM) activated NLRP3-mediated pyroptotic cell death in cisplatin treated CR-GC cells by downregulating PD-L1. Also, low-dose DB aggravated the inhibiting effects of cisplatin on tumorigenesis of CR-GC cells in vivo. Conclusions: Collectively, low-dose DB (12.5 μM) regulated intrinsic PD-L1/NLRP3 pathway to improve cisplatin-sensitivity in CR-GC cells, and this study provided alternative therapy treatments for GC.
Diagnostic Value of Serum HER2 Levels in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shamshirian Amir , Aref Amir Reza , Yip George W. , Warkiani Majid Ebrahimi , Heydari Keyvan , Bazaz Sajad Razavi , Hamzehgardeshi Zeinab , Shamshirian Danial , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Alizadeh-Navaei Reza 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Measurement of serum human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2/neu) levels might play an essential role as a diagnostic/screening marker for the early selection of therapeutic approaches and predict of prognosis in breast cancer patients. We aimed to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on the diagnostic/screening value of serum HER-2 levels in comparison to routine methods.Methods: We performed a systematic search via PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane-Library, and Web of Science databases for human diagnostic studies reporting the levels of serum HER-2 in breast cancer patients, which was confirmed using the histopathological examination. Meta-analyses were carried out for sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR).Results: Fourteen studies entered into this investigation. The meta-analysis indicated the low sensitivity for serum HER2 levels (Sensitivity: 53.05, 95%CI 40.82-65.28), but reasonable specificity of 79.27 (95%CI 73.02-85.51) and accuracy 72.06 (95%CI 67.04-77.08). We also found a significant differences for PPV (PPV: 56.18, 95%CI 44.16-68.20), NPV (NPV: 76.93, 95%CI 69.56-84.31), PLR (PLR: 2.10, 95%CI 1.69-2.50) and NLR (NLR: 0.58, 95%CI 0.44-0.71).Conclusion: Our findings revealed that although serum HER-2 levels showed low sensitivity for breast cancer diagnosis, its specificity was reasonable. Hence, it seems that the measurement of serum HER-2 levels can play a significant role as a verification test for initial negative screening test results, especially in low-income regions due to its cost-effectiveness and ease of implementation.
Alteration in the immune microenvironment based on APC status in MSS/pMMR colon cancer data retrieved from TCGA
Authors: Lin Haishan , Zhen Hongchao , Shan Kun , Ma Xiaoting , Cao Bangwei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Immunotherapy is currently the most advanced anti-tumor treatment approach. The efficacy of anti-tumor immunotherapy is closely related to the tumor immune microenvironment, including immune cells, infiltration of immune factors, and expression of immune checkpoints. At present, the biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of colon cancer immunotherapy do not cover all colon cancer patients suitable for immunotherapy. In this study, TCGA database was used to identify tumor genotypes suitable for anti-tumor immunotherapy. We found that some of the MSS/pMMR populations, that were initially considered unsuitable for immunotherapy, might actually be suitable. In APC-wt/MSS colon cancer, the expression of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4 and CYT（GZMA and PRF1）were increased. Based on calculations done by ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms, the ImmunoScore and the proportion of CT8+ T cell infiltration is increased in these patients. Enrichment analysis was done to screen signaling pathways involved in immune response, extracellular matrix, and cell adhesion. Tumors from 42 colon cancer patients, including 22 APC-mt/MSS and 20 APC-wt/MSS, were immunohistochemically evaluated for expression of CD8 and PD-L1. And APC-wt/MSS tumors showed significantly higher expression of CD8 and PD-L1 than APC-mt/MSS tumor. Based on the results, we found that some colon cancers of APC-wt/MSS are classified by Tumor Immune Microenvironment types (TIMTs) TMIT I. So that we speculate that APC-wt/MSS colon cancer patients could benefit from anti-tumor immunotherapy.
A novel four-gene prognostic signature as a risk biomarker in cervical cancer
Authors: Wang Jun , Zheng Hua , Han Yatian , Wang Geng , Li Yanbin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is a major malignancy affecting women worldwide, with limited treatment options for patients with advanced disease. The aim of this study was to identify novel prognostic biomarkers for CC by a bioinformatics-based analysis using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-CC cohort. Methods: RNA-Seq data from four GEO datasets (GSE5787, GSE6791, GSE26511, and GSE63514) were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CC and normal cervical tissues. Functional and enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database and the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). The Oncomine database, Cytoscape software, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were used for in-depth screening for hub DEGs. Cox regression was then used to develop prognostic signature, which was in turn used to create a nomogram. Results: A total of 207 DEGs were identified in the tissue samples, eight of which were prognostically significant in terms of overall survival (OS). Thereafter, a novel four-gene signature consisting of DSG2, MMP1, SPP1, and MCM2 was developed and validated using stepwise Cox analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) values of 0.785, 0.609, and 0.686 in the training, verification, and combination groups, respectively. Moreover, the nomogram analysis showed that a combination of this four-gene signature plus lymph node metastasis (LNM) status effectively predicted the 1- and 3-year OS probabilities of CC patients with accuracies of 69.01% and 83.93%, respectively. Conclusions: We developed a four-gene signature that can accurately predict the prognosis, in terms of OS, of CC patients, and could be a valuable tool for designing treatment strategies.