bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full-scale simulation and validation of bucket filling for a mining rope shovel by using a combined rigid FE-DEM granular material model
Authors: Svanberg Andreas , Larsson Simon , Mäki Rikard , Jonsén Pär 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRope shovels and other heavy mining equipment used for loading fragmented rocks to extract minerals from the earth are used in almost every open pit mine. The optimization of the loading process is of enormous value due to the extremely large amount of material turn over. In this work, a full-scale numerical model of the loading process is developed. Granular material of copper ore is modeled in a combination of rigid finite elements for larger particles with complex shapes, and the discrete element method for smaller particles. A multi rigid body dynamic model, discretized with finite elements are used to model the rope shovel. Calibration of the numerical model for the granular material is performed via a new and unique experimental full-scale approach of analyzing waste rock pile angles with a height of approximately 15 m. In situ experimental data acquisition is performed during the loading process for validation of the model. After model validation, the influence of several loading variables such as bucket rake angle, velocity, and position from the pile are investigated and evaluated. When comparing the numerical model results with experimental mass measurement an excellent agreement was observed. Also, drone camera video recordings of the mass flow behavior and the numerical mass flow behavior are in agreement. Small adjustments of dig variables show a significant effect on the average dig force as well as the bucket fill factor.
Burden of illness in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism not adequately controlled with conventional therapy: a Belgium and the Netherlands survey
Authors: Hamdy N. A. T. , Decallonne B. , Evenepoel P. , Gruson D. , van Vlokhoven-Verhaegh L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the burden of illness in patients with not adequately controlled chronic hypoparathyroidism receiving conventional therapy in Belgium and the Netherlands.

Methods
Data were generated from a cross-sectional, two-part online survey where endocrinologists from both countries and nephrologists from Belgium were invited by phone to participate. Part 1 included collecting data on general management of patients with hypoparathyroidism. In Part 2, physicians were requested to provide data on one or two current cases of patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism not adequately controlled on conventional therapy. Data collected included aetiology of hypoparathyroidism, clinical manifestations, comorbidities, results of laboratory and other investigations used for diagnosis and screening for complications, therapy received, and physician’s perception of impaired quality of life (QoL).

Results
Thirty-six endocrinologists and 29 nephrologists from Belgium and 28 endocrinologists from the Netherlands participated in the survey. Data included clinical symptoms, biochemical parameters, and QoL for 97 current patients with not adequately controlled chronic hypoparathyroidism on conventional therapy. Median duration of not adequately controlled hypoparathyroidism was 2.2 years, range 0.17–20.0. Most patients had neuromuscular (85%) and/or neurological (67%) symptoms, 71% had abnormal biochemical parameters, 10% were overweight, and physicians perceived that 71% had impaired QoL. Most frequently reported comorbidities included hypertension (25%), renal comorbidity (20%), diabetes mellitus (12%), and dyslipidaemia (11%).

Conclusion
Patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism not adequately controlled on conventional therapy experience a substantial burden of illness, mainly due to persistence of symptoms and presence of multiple comorbidities.
Teaching Professionalism to Medical Students Using Dissection-Based Anatomy Education: a Practical Guide
Authors: Palmer Emilia G. , Reddy Rohin K. , Laughey William 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProfessionalism is a core competency for all healthcare professionals and is a subject of great interest within the academic community due to its vital importance in delivering the highest quality patient care. Despite this, professionalism remains difficult to define, teach and assess. The potential use of anatomy education in teaching professionalism has been increasingly highlighted within the literature, but still remains an underutilised tool in medical education. Therefore, this practical guide offers evidence-based practical points for successfully incorporating professionalism within a dissection-based anatomy course delivered to undergraduate medical students.
What do our research friends say about the coexistence and confrontation of agricultural and food models? Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Gasselin Pierre , Hostiou Nathalie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe coexistence and confrontation of agricultural and food models are an issue that is evincing much interest from the media and the political and professional fields. It is also an active area of research, a fact which led to a call for articles and the publication of a special issue. This article introduces and analyzes the 9 articles selected and published in 2020, and characterizes the diversity of the associated research (issues, fields, disciplines). After shedding light on the polysemy involved, as well as the fundamentals of the concept of agricultural and food model mobilized by the authors, we examine how they consider situations of coexistence. We identify three epistemological postures that reflect the contrasting positions of the authors vis-à-vis knowledge, actors, and action: functionalist coexistence, coexistence based on power relations, and coexistence in a transition perspective. These studies encourage the development of new research perspectives, in particular in order to make progress in the theorization of the coexistence and confrontation of agricultural and food models.
A Single-legged Robot Inspired by the Jumping Mechanism of Click Beetles and Its Hopping Dynamics Analysis
Authors: Chen Gang , Tu Jiajun , Ti Xiaocong , Hu Huosheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe click beetle can jump up with a hinge when it is on the dorsal side. This jumping mechanism is simple and suitable as an inspiration for designing a simple, small, and reliable hopping robot. We report a single-legged robot inspired by the jumping mechanism of click beetles. It is 85 mm high, 60 mm long, and 41 mm wide, and weighs about 49 g. The robot has good hopping performance that the hopping height is about 4 times – 4.3 times of its body height. It is capable for rescue missions that require to enter enclosed spaces through cracks and narrow channels. In addition, hopping dynamics of the robot is important to understand its jumping mechanism and improve the robot’s hopping performance. But existing dynamic study does not complete the analysis including all stages in the hopping which are pre-hopping, take-off, and air-flying. We propose the decomposition method to study dynamics of the three stages separately, and synthesize them with related parameters. The dynamic synthesis of multi-motion states in a hopping cycle of the single-legged hopping robot is implemented. The hopping performance and dynamic synthesis theory of the robot are verified by simulations and experiments. Our study helps lay the foundation for design and hopping control of simple hopping robot systems.
Bioactivity of Trichoderma harzianum isolates against the fungal root rot pathogens with special reference to Macrophomina phaseolina causing dry root rot of mungbean
Authors: Swehla Alyssa , Pandey Abhay K. , Nair Ramakrishnan M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the rice-fallow system, dry root rot (DRR) is an emerging disease of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata) caused by the necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. The pathogen causes extensive production losses. In this study, the bioactivity of four Trichoderma harzianum isolates, namely Th-Dharwad, Th-Raichur, Th-Niphm, and Th-Udaipur procured from the Indian research institutes were evaluated against M. phaseolina of mungbean by the dual culture technique. The efficacy of these T. harzianum isolates were also compared with the effective fungicides such as thiram and carbendazim by the poison food method. Results showed that among the T. harzianum isolates, isolate of Th-Raichur was most effective, exhibiting 76.96% mycelial growth inhibition of the test pathogen. As compared to the thiram, carbendazim was more effective, and exhibited 100% mycelial growth inhibition of the test pathogen. In addition, carbendazim was also more effective than the isolate of Th-Raichur. In the sick pot experiment, mungbean seeds treated with Th-Raichur isolate showed a lower percent incidence of DRR (20%) than the untreated seeds (86.6%). The biological spectrum of Th-Raichur isolate was examined against M. phaseolina isolated from the different hosts such as urdbean and vegetable soybean, alongwith two other root pathogens, namely Fusarium solani of mungbean, and Sclerotium rolfsii of urdbean. The isolate of Th-Raichur showed maximum antagonistic activity against the pathogens M. phaseolina and F. solani of mungbean. Thus, Th-Raichur isolate can be used as a potential fungal biocontrol agent for the reduction of DRR in mungbean.
Design of the Otjikoto Gold Mill, Namibia
Authors: Rajala John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Otjikoto Gold Mine in the Republic of Namibia is located approximately 300 kilometers north of the capital city of Windhoek. The project features surface mining with a modern gravity/carbon-in-pulp mill for ore treatment and recovery of gold. Initial mill design capacity was 2.5 million tonne per annum but then expanded after 9 months of operation to 3.1 million tonne per annum. The technical steps to establish the Otjikoto mill design from process selection in the due diligence stage, through flowsheet development in the feasibility study followed by detailed engineering design are reviewed in this paper along with mill performance during start-up and in 2019.
„Frauen, Frieden und Sicherheit“ unter den Bedingungen der COVID-19 Pandemie
Authors: Scheuermann Manuela 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie COVID-19 Pandemie und ihre gesamtgesellschaftlichen Folgen werden zum Stresstest für die globale Agenda „Frauen, Frieden und Sicherheit“. Mit dieser Agenda verfolgt die Weltgemeinschaft seit dem Jahr 2000 das Ziel, Frauen in Situationen von gewaltsamen Konflikten und in der Phase des Wiederaufbaus vor Gewalt und Menschenrechtsverletzungen zu schützen, ihnen eine belangvolle Partizipation im Friedensprozess zu ermöglichen und so zu einem gendersensiblen Friedensbildungsprozess beizutragen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird argumentiert, dass die Folgen der Corona-Krise einen Rückfall im Implementierungsprozess der Agenda auslösen könnten, insbesondere in Bezug auf Geschlechterstereotype. Es wird diskutiert ob bestimmte als traditionell-weiblich perzipierte Rollen verfestigt werden und welche Auswirkungen diese Beobachtung auf die Zukunft der globalen Agenda haben könnte. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist hierbei das Konzept der globalen Fürsorge.
Biochar from vegetable wastes: agro-environmental characterization
Authors: Pradhan Snigdhendubala , Abdelaal Ali H. , Mroue Kamal , Al-Ansari Tareq , Mackey Hamish R. , McKay Gordon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConsidering the global issue of vegetable wastes generation and its impact on the environment and resources, this study evaluated the conversion of four largely produced vegetable wastes (cauliflower, cabbage, banana peels and corn cob residues) into biochar. Each waste was tested individually and as a combined blend to assess feedstock influences on biochar properties. In addition, various pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 600 °C and two particle size fractions (less than 75 µm, 75–125 µm) were considered. Biochars were characterized for various properties that can influence the biochars’ effectiveness as a soil amendment. It was found that pyrolysis temperature was the most dominant factor on biochar properties, but that individual feedstocks produced biochars with different characteristics. The biochars had characteristics that varied as follows: pH 7.2–11.6, ECE 0.15–1.00 mS cm−1, CEC 17–cmolc kg−1 and ζ-potential − 0.24 to − 43 mV. Based on optimal values of these parameters from the literature, cauliflower and banana peels were determined to be the best feedstocks, though mixed vegetable waste also produced good characteristics. The optimum temperature for pyrolysis was around 400 °C, but differed slightly (300–500 °C) depending on the distinct feedstock. However, smaller particle size of biochar application was always optimal. Biochar yields were in the range of 20–30% at this temperature range, except for corn cobs which were higher. This study demonstrates that pyrolysis of dried vegetable wastes is a suitable waste valorization approach to produce biochar with good agricultural properties.
Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging in psychiatry: a narrative review of its potential role in diagnosis
Authors: Podwalski Piotr , Szczygieł Krzysztof , Tyburski Ernest , Sagan Leszek , Misiak Błażej , Samochowiec Jerzy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an imaging technique that uses magnetic resonance. It measures the diffusion of water molecules in tissues, which can occur either without restriction (i.e., in an isotropic manner) or limited by some obstacles, such as cell membranes (i.e., in an anisotropic manner). Diffusion is most often measured in terms of, inter alia, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD). DTI allows us to reconstruct, visualize, and evaluate certain qualities of white matter. To date, many studies have sought to associate various changes in the distribution of diffusion within the brain with mental diseases and disorders. A better understanding of white matter integrity disorders can help us recognize the causes of diseases, as well as help create objective methods of psychiatric diagnosis, identify biomarkers of mental illness, and improve pharmacotherapy. The aim of this work is to present the characteristics of DTI as well as current research on its use in schizophrenia, affective disorders, and other mental disorders.
Effectiveness of ketamine and propofol (ketofol) in 1:2 versus 1:3 combinations for procedural sedation and analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing bone marrow aspiration and / or biopsy: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Woubshet Meron , Melese Eyayalem , Ashebir Zewetir , Getachew Lemlem 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) and Biopsy is a painful procedure done in children with hematologic disorders. Ketamine and Propofol mixture is widely used for its combined effect of amnesia and analgesia as well as hemodynamic stability and decreased post procedural adverse events. Smooth analgesia and anesthesia is mandatory in such like pediatrics procedures.

Objective:
To compare the effectiveness of ketofol in 1:2 versus 1:3 combinations for Procedural sedation and analgesia in children undergoing Bone marrow aspiration and Biopsy at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from December 2019–March 2020.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study recruits 128 American Society of Anesthesiologist class I and II, pediatric patients age between 1–12 years undergoing for BMA and Biopsy with ketofol 1:2 or 1:3 combination were included. Hemodynamic, respiratory and RSS (Ramsay sedation score) variables were noted and recorded every 10 min during the procedure. Normality of the data was checked using Kolmogorov-smirnov test and analyzed using student t-test for normally distributed data and chi-square test for categorical data. Non-parametric data was analyzed using Mann –Whitney U test with 95% CI and p-value less than 0.05 is considered as statistically significant.

Results:
ketofol 1:2 group (n = 64) compared with ketofol 1:3 group (n = 64) had similar sedation level assessed by RSS, hemodynamic and respiratory outcome, as well as general postoperative adverse events profile, but the total intraoperative analgesia consumption was significantly higher in ketofol 1:3 group (29.7%) when compared to ketofol 1:2 group (7.8%) with p = 0.002.

Conclusion:
Ketofol 1:3 group shows the need for additional analgesia in this combination. Whereas ketofol 1:2 combination for pediatrics undergoing BMA and Biopsy has decreased intraoperative analgesia requirement.

Highlights:
L-Arginine Supplementation Improves Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by High-Fat Diet in Rats Exposed to Hypoxia
Authors: Zhao Yan-Xia , Tong Li , Zhang Guang-Mei , Zhao Xie-Hui , Sa Yu-Ping , Liu Yan , Lu Dian-Xiang , Ga Qin , Wu Ping 
Published: October 2020

Introduction Our previous study showed that high-fat diet inhibited the increase in nitric oxide and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the aortic endothelium of rats exposed to hypoxia, and hypoxia plus a high-fat diet led to earlier and more severe vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) than hypoxia alone. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of L-arginine on high-fat diet–induced VED of rats in hypoxia. Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated with hypoxia (H group), hypoxia plus high-fat diet (H+HFD group), hypoxia plus L-arginine (H+L-Arg group), and hypoxia plus high-fat diet and L-arginine (H+HFD+L-Arg group) for 1 wk. Hypoxia was simulated in a hypobaric chamber with an altitude of 5000 m. Aortic morphology and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation were used to assess VED. Results High-fat diet impaired vascular remodeling and reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilator response to acetylcholine in rats exposed to hypoxia, secondary to dysregulation of the nitric oxide pathway. L-arginine supplementation significantly increased plasma nitrates and nitrites and endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels and improved ultrastructural changes in aortic endothelium and endothelium-dependent vasodilator response. Conclusions L-arginine prevents aortic ultrastructural changes and reverses VED induced by high-fat diet in rats exposed to hypoxia, which may have implications for VED induced by high-fat diet in high altitude dwellers.
Therapeutic Erythrocytapheresis Is Effective in Treating High Altitude Polycythemia on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Dong Yuexin , Dun Ba , Wang Dui Pu Bu , Zhuo Ma Luo Bu , Fang Jie , Yang Zong Ci Ren , Ji Zong , Xu Pengpeng , Zheng Yu , Yue Fei , Li Junmin , Li Xiaoyang 
Published: October 2020

Introduction High altitude polycythemia (HAPC) is a common chronic disease at high altitudes. It is characterized by excessive erythrocytosis (≥190 g·L-1 in females or ≥210 g·L-1 in males). HAPC severely jeopardizes the health status of plateau dwellers. The Qinghai-Tibet plateau, with an elevation above 4000 m, is the highest plateau in the world. Both Han and Tibetan populations residing there face the threat of HAPC. Therapeutic erythrocytapheresis (TE) was introduced to Tibet as an alternative to phlebotomy in 2015. Methods In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 155 patients with HAPC treated with TE in Tibet. Routine blood testing values before and after TE were compared to evaluate treatment efficacy. The efficiency rate, defined as the rate of increase in red blood cell depletion attained by TE compared with 450 mL whole blood phlebotomy, was calculated using whole blood volume and hematocrit before and after treatment and used to identify patients who maintained a normal hemoglobin level in the year after the TE procedure. Results On average, TE reduced red blood cell levels by 1.5×1012·L-1, hemoglobin concentration by 52 g·L-1, and hematocrit by 14% ( P<0.001 for each). Patients who underwent TE with an efficiency rate ≥1.9 were more likely to maintain a normal hemoglobin level in the following year than those who underwent TE with an efficiency rate <1.9 (90 vs 28%, P<0.01). Conclusions TE is a feasible therapeutic method to treat HAPC on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The efficiency rate is a useful tool to predict the expected interval between TE procedures.
PROVABLY GAMES
Authors: AGUILERA J. P. , BLUE D. W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe isolate two abstract determinacy theorems for games of length
$\omega_1$
from work of Neeman and use them to conclude, from large-cardinal assumptions and an iterability hypothesis in the region of measurable Woodin cardinals that(1)if the Continuum Hypothesis holds, then all games of length
$\omega_1$
which are provably
$\Delta_1$
-definable from a universally Baire parameter (in first-order or
$\Omega $
-logic) are determined;(2)all games of length
$\omega_1$
with payoff constructible relative to the play are determined; and(3)if the Continuum Hypothesis holds, then there is a model of
${\mathsf{ZFC}}$
containing all reals in which all games of length
$\omega_1$
definable from real and ordinal parameters are determined.
BI-INTERPRETATION IN WEAK SET THEORIES
Authors: ROQUE FREIRE ALFREDO , HAMKINS JOEL DAVID 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn contrast to the robust mutual interpretability phenomenon in set theory, Ali Enayat proved that bi-interpretation is absent: distinct theories extending ZF are never bi-interpretable and models of ZF are bi-interpretable only when they are isomorphic. Nevertheless, for natural weaker set theories, we prove, including Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory
$\mathrm {ZFC}^{-}$
without power set and Zermelo set theory Z, there are nontrivial instances of bi-interpretation. Specifically, there are well-founded models of
$\mathrm {ZFC}^{-}$
that are bi-interpretable, but not isomorphic—even
$\langle H_{\omega _1},\in \rangle $
and
$ \langle H_{\omega _2},\in \rangle $
can be bi-interpretable—and there are distinct bi-interpretable theories extending
$\mathrm {ZFC}^{-}$
. Similarly, using a construction of Mathias, we prove that every model of ZF is bi-interpretable with a model of Zermelo set theory in which the replacement axiom fails.
LUZIN’S (N) AND RANDOMNESS REFLECTION
Authors: PAULY ARNO , WESTRICK LINDA , YU LIANG 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe show that a computable function
$f:\mathbb R\rightarrow \mathbb R$
has Luzin’s property (N) if and only if it reflects
$\Pi ^1_1$
-randomness, if and only if it reflects
$\Delta ^1_1({\mathcal {O}})$
-randomness, and if and only if it reflects
${\mathcal {O}}$
-Kurtz randomness, but reflecting Martin–Löf randomness or weak-2-randomness does not suffice. Here a function f is said to reflect a randomness notion R if whenever
$f(x)$
is R-random, then x is R-random as well. If additionally f is known to have bounded variation, then we show f has Luzin’s (N) if and only if it reflects weak-2-randomness, and if and only if it reflects
$\emptyset '$
-Kurtz randomness. This links classical real analysis with algorithmic randomness.
WHAT THE ŁUKASIEWICZ AXIOMS MEAN
Authors: MUNDICI DANIELE 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLet
$\to $
be a continuous
$\protect \operatorname {\mathrm {[0,1]}}$
-valued function defined on the unit square
$\protect \operatorname {\mathrm {[0,1]}}^2$
, having the following properties: (i)
$x\to (y\to z)= y\to (x\to z)$
and (ii)
$x\to y=1 $
iff
$x\leq y$
. Let
$\neg x=x\to 0$
. Then the algebra
$W=(\protect \operatorname {\mathrm {[0,1]}},1,\neg ,\to )$
satisfies the time-honored Łukasiewicz axioms of his infinite-valued calculus. Let
$x\to _{\text {\tiny \L }}y=\min (1,1-x+y)$
and
$\neg _{\text {\tiny \L }}x=x\to _{\text {\tiny \L }} 0 =1-x.$
Then there is precisely one isomorphism
$\phi $
of W onto the standard Wajsberg algebra
$W_{\text {\tiny \L }}= (\protect \operatorname {\mathrm {[0,1]}},1,\neg _{\text {\tiny \L }},\to _{\text {\tiny \L }})$
. Thus
$x\to y= \phi ^{-1}(\min (1,1-\phi (x)+\phi (y)))$
.