bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender equality work in preschools and early childhood education settings in the Nordic countries—an empirically based illustration
Authors: Heikkilä Mia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article aims to describe and find ways to understand the practical gender equality work that is going on to promote gender equality in preschools in the Nordic countries. Gender equality in this article is broadly understood as a process of developing higher “gender awareness” (Lahelma, 2014 Educ Res 56(2): 171–183; Subrahmanian, 2005 Int J Educ Dev 25(4): 395–407) in a preschool organization and the analysis is performed through a poststructuralist understanding of gender. The material consists of 59 interviews, policy document analyses and preschool visits in the Nordic countries and autonomous territories. In order to address the work concerning gender equality in preschools, practices and processes have been analysed in order to achieve deeper understanding of what is done practically. The results are presented as an illustration of how to understand the work done and using this illustration further as a tool for reviewing existing work could be one way of developing gender equality.
Inschriften auf Goldbrakteaten und Goldsolidi
Authors: Düwel Klaus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn je einem Beispiel möchte ich folgendes zeigen: Einmal, wie sich an einem erst jüngst aufgefundenen Goldstück binnen kurzem mehrere Deutungen anhängen und mit welchen Kriterien diese bewertet werden können. Zum anderen geht es um ein schon länger bekanntes Goldstück, insbesondere um eine neue Lesung seiner Runeninschrift, die, zügig von anderen gutgeheißen bzw. übernommen, hier erneut betrachtet werden soll, um die alte Lesung zu restituieren. Die dafür gewählten Beispiele, 1. der Goldbrakteat von IK 639 Trollhättan (II)-C und 2. der Goldsolidus von Schweindorf, haben in Vortrag und Diskussion auf dem Symposium in Odense am 14. März 2017 eine Rolle gespielt.
Südgermanische Runeninschriften
Authors: Nedoma Robert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with three South Germanic runic inscriptions that are highly relevant to language history. 1. The Frienstedt comb, which dates to the second half of the 3rd century A.D., bears four runeskaba = WGmc.ka(m)bam. ‘comb’. The nominative sg. marker-a< PGmc. *-azrepresents the oldest attested West Germanic dialect feature (opposite PNorse-az, EGmc.-s). 2.noruon a neckring found near or in Aalen (ca. 500) renders a woman’s bynameNōru‘the little one’. Final-uis best interpreted as nominative sg. of anō-stem; it thus reflects the intermediate stage between PGmc. *-ōand Pre-OHG-Øin later 6th century inscriptions. 3. The inscription on the Wurmlingen spearhead (presumably early 7th century) readsdorih, representing a dithematic nameDōr(r)īχ(χ)m. (< PGmc. *-rīkaz). This is the first example of Second Consonant Shift /k/ > /x(x)/.
The Associated Press Stylebook Changes and the use of Addiction-Related Stigmatizing Terms in News Media
Authors: Bessette Lily G. , Hauc Sacha C. , Danckers Heidi , Atayde Agata , Saitz Richard 
Published: April 2020

Background The May 2017 publication of the updated Associated Press (AP) Stylebook offered guidance that advised against stigmatizing. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of stigmatizing terms describing substance use and disorder in news articles before and after the update of the AP Stylebook. Methods We reviewed articles containing terms “opioid” or “addiction” from three major news outlets. We counted the number of AP Stylebook proscribed terms found in each article and compared the proportions of articles from each outlet with proscribed terms before and after AP Stylebook publication. Results In 2016, 56–94% of articles from each of the three news outlets contained a proscribed term. The use of proscribed terms in articles identified by searching “opioid” published in the New York Times decreased (72% vs. 94%, p = 0.01) after the AP Stylebook change. For other news outlets, there were no significant differences, though all proportions were lower after publication. Conclusions Evidence for a decrease in the use of stigmatizing terminology for substance use and disorders in news articles after publication of guidance was limited. Additional efforts should address use of such terminology to maximize implementation of effective addiction health policies and practices.
Fierljeppen: pole vaulting for distance
Authors: Heck André , Uylings Peter 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Pole vaulting, the aim of which is to jump over a crossbar with the help of a long flexible pole, is considered to be one of the most complicated and technically demanding motions in track and field athletics. Pole vault performance is basically influenced by the energy exchange between the vaulter and pole. It depends on the sprinting, jumping and acrobatic abilities of the athlete. Less well-known, but just as exciting and fascinating, is pole vaulting for distance. The aim in this sports event, named fierljeppen in the Frisian language, is to jump as far as possible with the help of a long pole. Athletes reach heights of 11.5 m and the record jumping distance is currently 22.21 m. In this paper, we present a simplified mathematical model of the motion of vaulter and pole based on classical mechanics. This model helps us understand the dynamics of pole vaulting for distance and optimize the athlete’s performance by looking for the optimal speed of running-up toward the pole and the optimal release angle.
A Coulomb’s pendulum simulator
Authors: Gagnon Michel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
At the end of the 18th-century, Charles Coulomb developed an apparatus to study
the force between two electrified beads which allowed him to obtain his famous
Coulomb’s law. Today, as one of the most fundamental outcomes in classical
electromagnetism, his result is revisited in most high school physics courses,
where students are asked to reproduce his formula, often relying on inaccurate
assemblies. As an alternative, we would like to bring to the reader’s
attention a realistic, yet simple computer-based simulator to replicate a
Coulomb’s pendulum. Using this software, students can obtain an accurate
set of data, allowing them to concentrate on the interpretation techniques, thus
leading them to a better understanding of the process. The software is available
as a free download.
Nonlinear Bloch-Zener oscillations for Bose-Einstein condensates in a Lieb optical lattice
Authors: He Peng , Li Zhi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We investigate Bloch–Zener oscillations and mean-field Bloch bands of a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) in a Lieb optical lattice. We find that the atomic interaction will break the point group symmetry of the system, leading to the destruction of the Dirac cone structure, while the flat band is preserved on the highly symmetric lines. Due to the nonlinear effect, a tubular band structure with a flat band will appear in the system. Furthermore, comparing with that the tight-binding (TB) model fails to describe the interacting bosonic systems in the honeycomb lattice, we show that the TB model is applicable to study the nonlinear energy band structures for the Lieb lattice. In addition, we show that the loop structure can be determined by the observation of the chaos of the state in the Bloch–Zener oscillations.
Combining steady-state photo-capacitance spectra with first-principles calculations: the case of Fe and Ti in β-Ga2O3
Authors: Zimmermann C , Kalmann Frodason Y , Rønning V , Varley J B , Vines L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate an approach to identify defects in wide band gap semiconductors by comparing accumulatively-recorded derivative steady-state photo-capacitance (SSPC) spectra to simulations using results from first-principles calculations. Specifically, we present a method to simulate SSPC spectra which adopts inputs both from first-principles calculations and the experimental conditions. The applicability of the developed method is demonstrated using the cases of subsitutional Fe (FeGa) and Ti (TiGa) defects in β-Ga2O3. Using deep-level transient spectroscopy, we identify defect levels associated with

Fe

GaI

0
/
−

(E
A = 0.66 eV),

Fe

GaII

0
/
−

(E
A = 0.79 eV) and

Ti

GaII

+
/
0

(E
A = 1.03 eV) in the β-Ga2O3 samples studied here. Accumulatively-recorded SSPC spectra reveal several defect levels labeled

T

1

E
F
G

–

T

6

E
F
G

with onsets for optical absorption between 1.5 eV and 4.3 eV. The signature

T

1

E
F
G

consists of several overlapping defect signatures, and is identified as being related to

Fe

GaI

0
/
−

,

Fe

GaII

0
/
−

and

Ti

GaII

+
/
0

by comparing measured and simulated accumulatively-recorded derivative SSPC spectra.
Coherence in logical quantum channels
Authors: Iverson Joseph K , Preskill John 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We study the effectiveness of quantum error correction against coherent noise. Coherent errors (for example, unitary noise) can interfere constructively, so that in some cases the average infidelity of a quantum circuit subjected to coherent errors may increase quadratically with the circuit size; in contrast, when errors are incoherent (for example, depolarizing noise), the average infidelity increases at worst linearly with circuit size. We consider the performance of quantum stabilizer codes against a noise model in which a unitary rotation is applied to each qubit, where the axes and angles of rotation are nearly the same for all qubits. In particular, we show that for the toric code subject to such independent coherent noise, and for minimal-weight decoding, the logical channel after error correction becomes increasingly incoherent as the length of the code increases, provided the noise strength decays inversely with the code distance. A similar conclusion holds for weakly correlated coherent noise. Our methods can also be used for analyzing the performance of other codes and fault-tolerant protocols against coherent noise. However, our result does not show that the coherence of the logical channel is suppressed in the more physically relevant case where the noise strength is held constant as the code block grows, and we recount the difficulties that prevented us from extending the result to that case. Nevertheless our work supports the idea that fault-tolerant quantum computing schemes will work effectively against coherent noise, providing encouraging news for quantum hardware builders who worry about the damaging effects of control errors and coherent interactions with the environment.
Decoding overt shifts of attention in depth through pupillary and cortical frequency tagging
Authors: de’Sperati Claudio , Roatta Silvestro , Zovetti Niccolò , Baroni Tatiana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective. We have recently developed a prototype of a novel human-computer interface for assistive communication based on voluntary shifts of attention (gaze) from a far target to a near target associated with a decrease of pupil size (Pupillary Accommodative Response, PAR), an automatic vegetative response that can be easily recorded. We report here an extension of that approach based on pupillary and cortical frequency tagging. Approach. In 18 healthy volunteers, we investigated the possibility of decoding attention shifts in depth by exploiting the evoked oscillatory responses of the pupil (Pupillary Oscillatory Response, POR, recorded through a low-cost device) and visual cortex (Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials, SSVEP, recorded from 4 scalp electrodes). With a simple binary communication protocol (focusing on a far target meaning ‘No’, focusing on the near target meaning ‘Yes’), we aimed at discriminating when observer’s overt attention (gaze) shifted from the far to the near target, which were flickering at different frequencies. Main results. By applying a binary linear classifier (Support Vector Machine, SVM, with leave-one-out cross validation) to POR and SSVEP signals, we found that, with only twenty trials and no subjects’ behavioural training, the offline median decoding accuracy was 75% and 80% with POR and SSVEP signals, respectively. When the two signals were combined together, accuracy reached 83%. The number of observers for whom accuracy was higher than 70% was 11/18, 12/18 and 14/18 with POR, SVVEP and combined features, respectively. A signal detection analysis confirmed these results. Significance. The present findings suggest that exploiting frequency tagging with pupillary or cortical responses during an attention shift in the depth plane, either separately or combined together, is a promising approach to realize a device for communicating with Complete Locked-In Syndrome (CLIS) patients when oculomotor control is unreliable and traditional assistive communication, even based on PAR, is unsuccessful.
Fatigue Research for Connecting Rod of Aero Piston Engine
Authors: Pan Zhong-jian , Zou Xiang-fu , Zhou Zhi-dong , Zhou Kai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
General aviation has developed rapidly in recent years, and there is a strong demand for aviation piston engine. Aviation kerosene piston engine is the main power of general aviation in the future, with good fuel economy and high thermal efficiency. The reliability of the key parts of the engine is the key research under light weight conditions, such as the engine block, connecting rod and so on. This paper summarizes the fatigue problems in the development of lightweight aero kerosene engine, the methods were put forward to solve these problems, so as to provide ideas for the development of aviation piston engine.
Fault Diagnosis of Planetary Roller Screw Mechanism Based on Bird Swarm Algorithm and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Niu Maodong , Ma Shangjun , Cai Wei , Zhang Jianxin , Liu Geng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery has been widely developed in recent years due to the improvement of computing power, but how to identify the fault states of planetary roller screw mechanism is a difficult problem in practical industrial applications. A fault diagnosis method for planetary roller screw mechanism is proposed by combining with bird swarm algorithm (BSA) and support vector machine (SVM), which shows strong advantages in solving small sample, nonlinear and high-dimensional identification problems, and the bird swarm algorithm with high optimization accuracy and good robustness. In this paper, the vibration data of the planetary roller screw mechanism in two states with and without grease are collected, and features are extracted from the time domain, frequency domain and time- frequency domain, respectively. The predicted accuracy of SVM and BSA-SVM is compared, and the feasibility of the proposed method is verified.
Modelling of Tilting and Steering Control System for a Tadpole Three-Wheeled Vehicle
Authors: Sumarsono Danardono Agus , Jati Muhamad Kusuma , Muiz Mutqin Abdul 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Three-Wheeled Vehicle with tadpole configuration is a vehicle which has one wheel at the back and two wheels at the front. This vehicle promotes and ensures safety as it does in a four-wheeled vehicle. However, the vehicle’s dynamics is much different compared to a four-wheeled vehicle. The objective of this research is to find the relationship between turning, steering, and tilting of this vehicle to ensure and determine the safety limit of it. Physics modelling and iteration is done to see how each of the three components (turning, steering, and tilting) could affect each other.
The Increase of Efficiency in Robusta Green Coffee Bean Size Sorting Machine by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Chanpaka Watcharapong , Srisang Naruebodee , Dangwilailux Panya , Chungcharoen Thatchapol 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
One of the essential processes for producing the green coffee bean with Robusta variety is size sorting process because it is able to add the value of green coffee bean. The excellent size sorting can be done by using the size sorting machine. In this study, the size sorting machine with revolved sieve which provided the good distribution of green coffee bean was used and the three factors such as sorting angle, revolved speed and feed rate were investigated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a Central Composite Design (CCD). The optimum conditions of size sorting efficiency were revolved speed of 8.35 rpm, sorting angle of 5.05 degree and feed rate of 26.59 kg/h. These provided the size sorting efficiency of 75.15% with high correlating coefficient (R2 = 97.65). This indicated that the data predicted with Response Surface Methodology was good agreement and adequacy of models.
Effectiveness of Corner Modification to Optimize Aerodynamic Responses of Square Cylinder
Authors: Naimul Haque Md. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the effectiveness of a new technique to optimize aerodynamic responses of square cylinder by corner modification. The corner of the square cylinder was modified by introducing a small inclined opening which was measured in terms of corner point dislocation. Four specific opening widths (normalized with the depth of the cylinder) viz. 0.02, 0.08, 0.12 and 0.18 were considered. The normalized length of the inclined opening was 0.05 for all cases. The aerodynamic responses of these four modified square cylinders are compared with the unmodified square cylinder. Direct Numerical simulation was utilized to predict the aerodynamic responses and the flow filed. Second order accuracy was maintained both in space and time. The Reynolds number was kept constant at 100. The mean and RMS values of the force coefficients are calculated and compared. The flow filed is analyzed in terms of vorticity filed, mean flow streamlines and after-body wake characteristics. Due to corner modification, a drag reduction of approximately 5% is achieved for square cylinder with corner opening. Along with the separated flow, the corner opening affected the wake of the cylinder as well. Square cylinder with corner opening had different wake characteristics as compared to the unmodified cylinder.
Efficient Aerodynamic Optimization of Propeller using Hierarchical Kriging Models
Authors: Xu Jianhua , Han Zhonghua , Song Wenping , Li Kai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The number of aerodynamic analysis in the design optimization of propeller has been reduced significantly by using the surrogate model, such as kriging. In this paper, a more efficient aerodynamic design optimization method of propeller is proposed by using the HK (hierarchical kriging) model. The high-fidelity model is defined as a RANS (Reynolds- Averaged Navier-Stokes) simulation for propeller and the low-fidelity model is defined as the results by blade-element/vortex theory. Initial samples are selected for two levels of fidelity via LHS (Latin Hypercube Sampling). The aerodynamic performance of varying fidelity is used to build variable-fidelity surrogate models for functions of objective (e.g. thrust) and constraint (e.g. shaft power). Infill sampling criteria, including MSP (minimizing of surrogate prediction), EI (expected improvement), PI (probability of improvement), LCB (lower-confidence bounding) and MSE (mean-squared error) are used to obtain new samples, and the surrogate models are repetitively updated until a global optimum is found. High-altitude propellers are optimized by the kriging model and hierarchical kriging model, respectively. Compared to kriging model, the number of RANS solving by the hierarchical kriging model is reduced 37.5%, and the optimization time is reduced 24.3%. The results have shown that the proposed design method for propeller can significantly improve the optimization efficiency.
Development of High Speed and High Precision Stepping Scanning Platform in Ultra-High Flux Gene Sequencing Imaging System
Authors: Xiaoming Wang , Tongjian Guo , Wenda Niu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
As a critical component of ultra-high flux gene sequencing imaging system, high speed and high precision stepping scanning platform is used to carrying the gene chips to be measured, and it is also the core component for ensuring the high flux and high accuracy of sequencing instrument. In this paper, taking the high speed and high precision stepping scanning platform in ultra-high flux gene sequencing imaging system as design objective, the research work is carried out from three aspects, i.e., the design of platform overall architecture, the design of dynamic response analysis on system-level structure, and the design of high precision positioning control system, utilizing the optimized design of coupling topology between continuum and discrete body, the high precision vibration test and modal analysis method, variable structure anti-saturation precision control, as well as other key techniques. Finally, a high speed and high precision stepping scanning platform of long-stroke is developed successfully, with stepping speed of 200mm/s, stepping acceleration of 9.8m/s2, stable stepping control precision of 150nm, stable stepping duration of 100ms, and the total stepping stroke of 200mm. It lays a solid foundation for the popularization and application of stepping scanning platform in ultra-high gene sequencing instrument.
Interactive and individual effects of multi-factor controls on water use efficiency in Central Asian ecosystems
Authors: Zhu Shihua , Zhang Chi , Fang Xia , Cao Liangzhong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Water use efficiency (WUE) characterizes the relationship between water dissipation and carbon sequestration. Knowledge of WUE dynamics and its responses to complex climate controls are prerequisites for addressing the challenges of future climate change and human disturbance of wild lands. Owing to a lack of experimental observations and the complexity of quantifying the individual and interactive effects of different environmental factors, the mechanism of WUE dynamics and the spatiotemporal characteristics of WUE in Central Asian ecosystems remain unclear. Here, a specific Arid Ecosystem Model was used to assess WUE dynamics under environmental stresses, specifically isolating and identifying proprietary features from complex coupling effects, across different ecosystems in Central Asia from 1980 to 2014. WUE declined in southern Xinjiang but exhibited an upward trend in the Tianshan Mountains and northern Kazakhstan. Precipitation and CO2 controlled WUE of 39% and 54% of Central Asia, respectively. The factor analysis showed that the negative effects of climate change were largely compensated by the CO2 fertilization effect, and their interaction produced negative feedback to WUE. This resulted in inhibition of the CO2 fertilization effect during long droughts. The negative effects of warming included increased water stress and enhanced evapotranspiration from vegetation. Based on variations in precipitation and net primary production, we determined that southern Xinjiang and the Turgay Plateau were environmentally vulnerable areas. Our study provides guidance regarding how ecologically fragile regions in Central Asia might cope with environmental pressures under extreme climate change in the future.
Ecological impact and restriction mechanism of urbanization on remote lakes in China’s Hubei Province
Authors: Huang Ying , Zhou Zhi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
[Purpose/significance] In order to effectively control the ecological impact of urbanization construction on lake in remote urban areas of Hubei province in China, the characteristics of remote urban areas of Hubei province and some pollution governance experience of lakes in city center were considered. [Results/conclusion] Then the corresponding restriction mechanism on lake in remote urban areas of Hubei province in China are put forward: such as perfecting the far city lake management rules and regulations, establishing an effective governance mechanism of cross-domain, using the water environment monitoring system of keeping record lake down core magnetism characteristics, improving the town planning with paying equal attention to far city lake ecological protection and so on.