bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active Aging for Undergraduate University Students: Lessons From Student See Me at 70 Course Reflections
Authors: Roberts Emily 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Demographic factors tell us that the number of adults age 65 and older will nearly double by 2030. A holistic and proactive approach to providing positive outcomes in aging requires integrated strategies focusing on providing organizational structures to support this demographic shift. Active aging is a framework first developed by the World Health Organization optimizing opportunities for health, participation and security in order to enhance quality of life as people age. Active aging allows people to realize their potential for physical, social and mental wellbeing throughout the life course. This presentation shares outcomes from a university honors active aging seminar entitled Active Aging for L.I.F.E. in which students were provided with information on a wide range of topics in order to build their personal understanding of the relationships between Longevity, Independence, Fitness and Engagement. Student were then asked to develop a final paper entitled See Me at 70, in which they were to use the course content to develop a narrative of power and inspiration about their future self at age 70. What tactics would be used through their lifespan to develop a behavior and belief system which would enable them to live their life to the fullest both physically and cognitively? How would they respond to the challenges of aging and turn them in to opportunities? This presentation shares key themes of the student work, including the relationships between independence and interdependence, the connections between physical and cognitive health, maintaining purpose and facing unforeseen challenges with a positive attitude.
Dance and Music in Children’s Literature: A Qualitative Study of Intergenerational Solidarity Themes
Authors: Fogle Stephen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Intergenerational Solidarity is consistently recognized by the United Nations as a primary focus for work being undertaken to build a society for all ages. This study utilized a qualitative methodology to examine themes of intergenerational solidarity contained within children’s literature. Specifically, this study explored intergenerational examples of dance and music shared by older adults and children. McGuire’s (2016) Growing Up and Growing Older annotated bibliography for preschool-to-third grade children, which contains over seventy pages of non-ageist children’s literature references (N= 411), served as the sample frame for this study. A sample of six story and picture books was selected after inclusion criteria and availability from two public children’s libraries considerations were met. Inclusiveness of the present sample is manifested through geographic origin of dance and music traditions as well as the age range, gender, primary spoken language, and kin relationships of the older adult and children characters. Results revealed three intergenerational solidarity themes: 1) a humanizing portrayal of an older adult, 2) common cause, 3) continuity of tradition. This study demonstrates the efficacy of the arts, specifically dance and music, for facilitating intergenerational solidarity. This study identifies three themes that primary school teachers and children's librarians can utilize when selecting reading material about intergenerational solidarity. Finally, this study contributes to decades of pioneering educational gerontology literature focused on combating ageism through development of curricula that stimulate discovery of the elder within.
Want to Engage More Physical Therapy Students in Geriatrics? Teach the 4Ms
Authors: Shubert Tiffany , Henage Cristine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In 2019, 1.2% of the 209,000 licensed physical therapists in the United States had completed sufficient training to be Geriatric Certified Specialists. The dramatic demographic shift in the population will require all physical therapists to have foundational knowledge of evidence-based management of older adults. Our purpose was to pilot the impact of an 8-week curriculum for physical therapy students that integrated key concepts of rehabilitation for older adults with the Age-Friendly Health System’s 4Ms (Mentation, Mobility, Medications, What Matters). The curriculum included guest speakers from medicine, social work, nutrition, pharmacy, community providers (YMCA) and older adults. Every class modeled how to assess the Ms and integrate information into a plan aligned with what matters to the client. Students completed a pre-post survey to evaluate their understanding of the 4Ms, and self-assess confidence in applying concepts to practice. Results supported the value of integrating the 4Ms into the curriculum. Over 89% of respondents reported assessing medications and mentation was very important to patient care compared to 11% and 33% pre-course, and 78% of students reporting they were highly-likely to advocate for the 4Ms as part of their practice. The 4Ms provided a framework that made geriatric care more appealing. Several students commented they had no interest in geriatrics prior to the course, but were more confident in their abilities and more interested in caring for older adults. Findings from this pilot support the value of the 4Ms as a framework for graduate-level allied health programs curriculum development.
Meeting the Physical and Mental Health Needs of Older Offenders: Does Aging in Place Work in Prison?
Authors: Elmer Eddy , Pope Heather Campbell 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In many countries, the proportion of older people in prison is growing due to longer sentences, increases in convictions for historical offences, and longevity. Moreover, harsh conditions of confinement coupled with the negative effects of a criminal lifestyle may contribute to 'accelerated aging' in this population. Indeed, many prisoners develop health problems that are more commonly seen among people who are up to ten years older. Correctional institutions are increasingly struggling to meet the complex and expensive healthcare needs of these offenders, especially at end-of-life. Some institutions have taken the position that prisons were never intended to be nursing homes, nor can they be adequately adapted to fulfill this role. As a result, these institutions attempt to place some aging offenders in healthcare institutions within the community, provided that their risk to the public can be adequately managed. Other institutions have argued that the needs of aging offenders can be successfully met behind prison walls and have taken steps to allow prisoners to 'age in place.' After summarizing the research on the physical and mental health needs of aging offenders, this presentation considers the advantages and disadvantages of meeting older offenders' healthcare needs both within and outside the prison setting and provides relevant examples of both. Special attention is paid to the issues of social isolation and loneliness: both may contribute to accelerated aging, and perhaps even the risk for re-offending, raising questions about which correctional settings are most beneficial for minimizing these problems.
Organizational Commitment Among Residential Senior Care Workers
Authors: Kilaberia Tina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Despite growing evidence of the increase in the aging population nationally, there continues to be a shortage of health and social care professionals who work with older adults. Some studies examine this phenomenon by looking at motivations that underlie commitment to geriatric careers. Others study commitment among those who are already geriatric professionals. Both the volume and diversity of the aging population challenge organizations to provide care. Drawing on 44 interviews, observations of 62 meetings, and a 5-year immersion, this organizational ethnography looks at commitment factors at a large, urban, faith-based residential senior care organization. Commitment factors are examined on three levels: daily tensions and rewards; value tensions and rewards; and deal breakers and clinchers. Findings show that intrinsic identity-based factors such as affective bonds with older persons and sharing in faith values sustain commitment on the person level. Interprofessional tensions may detract from commitment. Implications pertain to the role of leadership in equity-related and ethical tensions as well as the improved uptake of allied health professional expertises such as social work and chaplaincy. This study extends the extant knowledge by incorporating perspectives of social workers, chaplains, rehabilitation, recreational, diet and environmental services workers in addition to the more commonly examined groups such as nurses and certified nursing assistants, and in a setting that includes Assisted Living in addition to long-term care.
Implications of Exceeding the Age and Interventions to Extend Life Purpose: Perspectives From Asian Centenarians
Authors: Maulod Ad , Manap Normala , Rouse Sasha , Chan Angelique W M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Centenarians have often been regarded as living paradigms of exceptional longevity yet little is known from their perspective about the purpose, meaning and quality of living longer lives. In Singapore, the number of centenarians has multiplied 30-fold from 50 in 1990 to about 1500 in 2020. Although centenarians are respected as ‘national treasures’ – having witnessed Singapore’s transformation from British colony to global city state, their needs remain invisible in both the healthcare and social sectors. The tendency to romanticize exceptional longevity neglects a deeper understanding of (i) its consequence on the oldest old (85+ years) who may be impacted by severe functional and sensory deficits and (ii) their experience of social isolation in the family and communities. This paper discusses findings based on interviews with 15 Singapore centenarians (100 to 111 years old) and their family carers. Diverse experiences of longevity are shaped by these factors: health status; personal disposition; strength of family and social networks; exposure to adversity and coping resources; spiritual beliefs; role loss; and changes in the lived environment. Appropriate health and psychosocial interventions could have been delivered earlier in the life trajectory to enable better quality of life and continued social engagement. Learning from the challenges (eg. social withdrawal; extensive functional and sensory losses) of existing centenarians contributes to a more precise understanding of how best to harness the productive capacities of our oldest old.
Mitigating the Impact of Long-Term Construction on the Health of Older Adult Residents in New York City’s Chinatown
Authors: Kwon Simona , Tan Yi-Ling , Wong Jennifer , Pan Janet 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Recent proposed major construction projects in New York City’s Chinatown often last multiple years. Little is known about the health impact of construction on vulnerable populations such as older adults. In Chinatown, approximately 20% of residents are older adults, live below the poverty level (34%), have a disability (47%), and nearly half report limited English proficiency. Objectives: We are conducting a mixed methods study to describe possible health and psychosocial outcomes of construction on older adults in Chinatown. Methods: We used a community-engaged modified Delphi process to identify priority areas related to construction and older adults which included: 1) a scoping review of the health impact of long-term construction; 2) key informant interviews of academic experts; and 3) convened community stakeholder leaders to review key focus areas and evidence-informed, culturally-relevant mitigation strategies. Five priority topics were identified: 1) Construction site emissions; 2) Noise; 3) Outdoor nocturnal lighting; 4) Neighborhood changes; and 5) Relocation. Results: Long-term construction contributes to adverse effects of air pollution, noise, and changes in the environment, with exposure to particulate matter and unwanted noise associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Unsafe sidewalk due to construction increase the risk of falling, the leading cause of death among NYC seniors. Construction-related stressors may isolate older adults from vital services and social networks. Conclusion: Long-term construction poses serious health implications for older adults. Stakeholders should adopt a community-engaged approach and identify meaningful community priorities to inform practical solutions to mitigate the impact of construction on vulnerable Chinatown older adults.
The Association Between Spousal Caregiver Status and Psychological Well-Being Among Older Adults
Authors: Wang Yang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Older adults often bear the responsibility of taking care of their spouses who have physical or cognitive impairments. Although previous studies suggested various caregiving-related negative experiences might be related to older spousal caregivers’ mental health status, the components of psychological well-being (PSW) among older spousal caregivers have not been fully explored. This study examined the association between spousal caregiver status and PSW. Data were drawn from wave 2014 of the Health and Retirement Study. The sample consisted of 3,857 adults who were above 50, and 376 of the participants provided care in activities in daily life (ADL) or instrumental activities in daily life (IADL) to their spouses/partners. Three hundred and thirty-one of them had a spouse/partner who needed care, but did not provide the care to their spouse/partner. The majority of participants, 3,150 of them, did not provide care, and their spouse/partner did not need care. Four domains of PSW were assessed: purpose of life, life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. Univariate analyses and multivariable linear regression were used for analyses. Spousal caregivers and non-caregivers with need had a worse PS status, compared to non-caregivers without need. But after adjusting for socio-economic resources, health status, or social support factor, the difference in their four domains of PSW was insignificant. Older spousal caregivers’ PSW could be protected by promoting that population’s socio-economic resources and health status. Future practice needs to address caregivers’ emotional need. Future research need to examine the long-term effect of caregiving on older spousal caregivers’ PSW.
Effects of Paid Leave Policies on Working Caregivers' Labor Supply
Authors: Kim Soohyun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Approximately two in three caregivers are in the labor force. However, paid family leave is the only policy support for working caregivers to date, which helps to balance their work and care responsibilities. I analyze the data from the 1998-2014 Health and Retirement Study to examine 1) how paid leave policies affect labor market outcomes for workers in need of caring for a spouse/partner or an older parent/-in-law and 2) how the effects differ by gender. Paid leave policy is distinguished between employer-provided leave and state government-provided leave. Using the first-difference approach, I compare the short-term and long-term changes in the extensive and intensive margins of labor with and without access to paid leave policies when a health deterioration of the older family member occurs. My preliminary results show that, without paid leave policy, the health event of a spouse/partner or an older parent/-in-law affects women’s labor supply but not men’s. Paid leave provided by an employer increases the labor supply for both women and men, with the more noticeable long-term effects for men. State paid family leave increases women’s wage and salary both in the short run and in the long run. My findings underline the importance of paid leave policy for retaining the workers in need of providing care for a family member, particularly for women.
Physical Activity as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Race or Ethnicity and Changes in Multimorbidity
Authors: Newsom Jason , Denning Emily , Quinones Ana , Elman Miriam , Botoseneanu Anda , Allore Heather , Nagel Corey , Dorr David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Racial/ethnic disparities in multimorbidity (≥2 chronic conditions) and their rate of accumulation over time have been established. Studies report differences in physical activity across racial/ethnic groups. We investigated whether racial/ethnic differences in accumulation of multimorbidity over a 10-year period (2004-2014) were mediated by physical activity using data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 10,724, mean age = 63.5 years). Structural equation modeling was used to estimate a latent growth curve model of changes in the number of self-reported chronic conditions (of nine) and investigate whether the relationship of race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic White) to change in the number of chronic conditions was mediated by physical activity after controlling for age, sex, education, marital status, personal wealth, and insurance coverage. Results indicated that Blacks engaged in significantly lower levels of physical activity than Whites (b = -.171, □ = -.153, p &lt; .001), but there were no differences between Hispanics and Whites (b = -.010, □ = -.008, ns). Physical activity also significantly predicted both lower initial levels of multimorbidity (b = -1.437, □ = -.420, p &lt; .001) and greater decline in multimorbidity (b = -.039, □ = -.075, p &lt; .001). The indirect (mediational) effect for the Black vs. White comparison was significant (b = .007, □ = .011, 95% CI [.004,.010]). These results provide important new information for understanding how modifiable lifestyle factors may help explain disparities in multimorbidity in middle and later life, suggesting greater need to reduce sedentary behavior and increase activity.
Respect Your Elders: The Relation Between Generativity and Life Satisfaction in Custodial Grandparents
Authors: Scott Rachel , Nadorff Danielle , Yancura Loriena , Barnett Melissa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In Erikson’s (1950) theory of psychosocial development, generativity is defined as the drive to benefit future generations and leave a legacy. The prototypical individual satisfies this generative desire through parenthood in midlife. This stage has been shown to expand into later life due to grandparenthood (Erikson, 1982). Generativity has been shown to predict life satisfaction, but the amount of generative concern and action can be impacted by factors such as perceived respect from younger generations (Cheng, 2009). The current study examined adults aged 40 and older (M age = 61 yr) using a nationwide sample from Qualtrics Panel Service to assess the extent to which perceived respect moderates the relation between generativity and life satisfaction in custodial grandparents. Results indicated that perceived respect from the grandchild was found to have a moderating effect on the relation between generativity of custodial grandparents and life satisfaction. Results suggest that for those who perceive low levels of respect from their grandchildren, the more generativity they express, the lower their life satisfaction. For those who perceive higher levels of respect from their grandchildren, the more generativity they express, the higher their life satisfaction. These findings suggest that as attempts to be generative increase, life satisfaction fluctuates. This may in turn impact the likelihood of generative actions from the custodial grandparent.
Role Centrality and Shared Activities With Grandchildren: Effects on Grandparent Depression
Authors: Marello Madeline , Patrick Julie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Research shows that physical and mental health are closely linked (Ohrnberger, Fichera, & Sutton, 2017). Further, social role theory states that holding and enacting valued roles, such as grandparenting, can buffer the negative effects of health on depression (Reitzes & Mutran, 2004). Using data from 247 grandparents (Mean age = 66.5; range 42 to 90 years; 46.2% grandfathers), we examined the differences between 164 custodial and 83 traditional grandparents on whether grandparent role centrality and engagement with grandchildren altered the effects of physical health on depression. The multigroup moderated moderation model was significant (X2(DF=30, N = 247) = 1610.78, p &lt; .001; R2 = .797). We examined whether the paths were moderated by custodial status. Among custodial grandparents, role centrality (β = -.482**) and shared activities (β = -.493***) were significant predictors of depressive symptomatology. Moreover, the interaction between physical health and activities (β = .488***) and between physical health and role centrality (β = .522**) also accounted for significant variance among custodial grandparents. Custodial grandparents in poorer health who valued the grandparent role and those in poorer health who engaged with their grandchildren experienced fewer depressive symptoms. No such patterns were observed for traditional grandparents. Although we had anticipated that the interaction between role centrality and engagement with grandchildren would predict depressive symptoms, the interaction did not reach significance. Results are discussed in terms of the need to examine the differences of family/social contexts in grandparent populations.
Effects of Treatment Preference on Adherence, Attrition, and Process Measures Among Older Adult Worriers
Authors: Brenes Gretchen , Clary Heidi Munger , Miller Michael , Divers Jasmin , Anderson Andrea , Hargis Gena , Danhauer Suzanne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Patient preference may be related to treatment outcomes through decreased rates of attrition and higher rates of adherence and patient satisfaction. We present findings from a 2-stage randomized preference trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and yoga for the treatment of late-life worry. We examine rates of preference for CBT and yoga, as well as the stability of these preferences over time. We also examine the impact of preference on adherence, attrition, and process measures (satisfaction, treatment expectancies, and working alliance). Five hundred participants were randomized to either the randomized controlled trial (RCT; N=250) or the preference trial (participants chose the treatment; N=250). All participants received 10 weeks of an intervention. Among those in the preference trial, 48% chose CBT and 52% chose yoga (p&gt;.05). Strength of preference was similar between the groups; 73.3% and 76.2% reported a strong preference for CBT and yoga, respectively (p&gt;.05). Fourteen percent of those who preferred CBT at baseline preferred yoga upon completion of the intervention, while 12.2% of those who preferred yoga at baseline preferred CBT upon completion of the intervention (p&gt;.05). There were no significant differences between participants in the RCT and preference trial on intervention adherence, attrition, satisfaction, or working alliance (p’s&gt;.05). Treatment expectancies were higher for the preferred intervention (p’s&lt;.0001). Results suggest that older adults prefer CBT and yoga at similar rates, and these preferences are stable. Receiving a preferred treatment had no effect on adherence, attrition, satisfaction, or working alliance.