bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Youth and the National Narrative
Authors: Lall Marie , Saeed Tania 
Published: January 2020

The role of the security establishment in Pakistan has been strengthened in a post-Musharraf era as social institutions are increasingly drawn into the security agenda. Pakistan’s problems are often explained through the lens of ethnic or religious differences, the tense relationship between democracy and the Pakistan military, or geopolitics and terrorism, without taking into account young citizens’ role in questioning the state and the role of the education system.
Based on new research and interviews with more than 1900 Pakistanis aged 16-28 the authors examine young people’s understanding of citizenship, political participation, the state and terrorism in post-Musharraf Pakistan. The authors explore the relationship between the youth and the security state, highlighting how the educational institutions, social media, political activism and the entire nature of the social contract in Pakistan has been increasingly securitized. The focus is on the voices of young Pakistanis, their views on state accountability (or lack thereof), political literacy and participation, and the continued problem of terrorism that is transforming their views of both their country and the world today. With 67% of the country's population under the age of 30, this book is a unique window into how Pakistan is likely to evolve in the next couple of decades.
The changing role of organic nitrates in the removal and transport of NOx
Authors: Romer Present Paul S. , Zare Azimeh , Cohen Ronald C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. A better understanding of the chemistry of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is crucial to effectively reducing air pollution and predicting future air quality. The response of NOx lifetime to perturbations in emissions or in the climate system is set in large part by whether NOx loss occurs primarily by the direct formation of HNO3 or through the formation of alkyl and multifunctional nitrates (RONO2). Using 15 years of detailed in situ observations, we show that in the summer daytime continental boundary layer the relative importance of these two pathways can be well approximated by the relative likelihood that OH will react with NO2 or instead with a volatile organic compound (VOC). Over the past decades, changes in anthropogenic emissions of both NOx and VOCs have led to a significant increase in the overall importance of RONO2 chemistry to NOx loss. We find that this shift is associated with a decreased effectiveness of NOx emissions reductions on ozone production in polluted areas and increased transport of NOx from source to receptor regions. This change in chemistry, combined with changes in the spatial pattern of NOx emissions, is observed to be leading to a flatter distribution of NO2 across the United States, potentially transforming ozone air pollution from a local issue into a regional one.
Simulations of the 2005, 1910, and 1876 Vb cyclones over the Alps – sensitivity to model physics and cyclonic moisture flux
Authors: Stucki Peter , Froidevaux Paul , Zamuriano Marcelo , Isotta Francesco Alessandro , Messmer Martina , Martynov Andrey 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. In June 1876, June 1910, and August 2005, northern Switzerland was severely impacted by heavy precipitation and extreme floods. Although occurring in different centuries, all three events featured very similar precipitation patterns and an extratropical storm following a cyclonic, so-called Vb (five b of the van Bebber trajectories) trajectory around the Alps. Going back in time from the recent to the historical cases, we explore the potential of dynamical downscaling of a global reanalysis product from a grid size of 220 to 3 km. We investigate sensitivities of the simulated precipitation amounts to a set of differing configurations in the regional weather model. The best-performing model configuration in the evaluation, featuring a 1 d initialization period, is then applied to assess the sensitivity of simulated precipitation totals to cyclonic moisture flux along the downscaling steps. The analyses show that cyclone fields (closed pressure contours) and tracks (minimum pressure trajectories) are well defined in the reanalysis ensemble for the 2005 and 1910 cases, while deviations from the ensemble mean increase for the 1876 case. In the downscaled ensemble, the accuracy of simulated precipitation totals is closely linked to the exact trajectory and stalling position of the cyclone, with slight shifts producing erroneous precipitation, e.g., due to a break-up of the vortex if simulated too close to the Alpine topography. Simulated precipitation totals only reach the observed ones if the simulation includes continuous moisture fluxes of >200 kg m−1 s−1 from northerly directions and high contributions of (embedded) convection. Misplacement of the vortex and concurrent uncertainties in simulating convection, in particular for the
1876 case, point to limitations of downscaling from coarse input for such
complex weather situations and for the more distant past. On the upside,
single (contrasting) members of the historical cases are well capable of
illustrating variants of Vb cyclone dynamics and features along the downscaling steps.
The New Regulation Governing AIR, VIR and Consultation
Authors: Chimienti Victor 
Published: January 2020

The New Regulation Governing AIR, VIR and Consultation: A Further Step Forward Towards ‘Better Regulation’ in Italy
This article describes the scope and contents of the newly adopted regulation governing regulatory impact analysis (RIA) and ex post evaluation of regulation (ExPER) in the Italian legal system. The article shows that this regulation has the potential to improve regulatory governance in Italy. Not only does it introduce innovations designed to increase transparency and participation, especially through strengthened consultation and communication mechanisms, but it also aims to improve the quality and effectiveness of regulatory analysis and evaluation activities. How the new regulation will be applied in practice, however, remains to be seen. In the meantime, the new set of rules are a welcome addition to Italy’s Better Regulation policy.
Participación ciudadana e inmigración: consideraciones políticas y jurídicas
Authors: Castellanos Claramunt Jorge 
Published: January 2020

RESUMEN. La participación ciudadana es el elemento clave en la labor de integración de las personas migrantes. La perspectiva política y la jurídica de esta cuestión se estudian en el presente trabajo para concluir que el derecho humano a la participación ciudadana es la base sobre la que edificar las democracias del siglo XXI, que no podrán mantener la estructura de ciudadanías de dos velocidades que forman su sociedad. La integración ha de ser lo más completa posible, y ello implica un mayor reconocimiento de derechos a los migrantes, fundamentalmente en el escenario de la participación ciudadana.
Estudio arqueológico y arqueométrico de restos de cosméticos hallados en una píxide malacológica en Augusta Emerita (Mérida, Badajoz)
Authors: Bajarano Osorio Ana M. , Bustamante Macarena , Navarro Gascón José V. , Marras Susanna , Arteaga Rodríguez Ángela 
Published: January 2020

En el presente artículo se da a conocer un hallazgo excepcional localizado en una de las áreas funerarias de la antigua capital de la Lusitania, Augusta Emerita. Concretamente se analizan funcional, tipológica y arqueométricamente una pixide malacológica que contenía durante el momento de su exhumación restos de su contenido. Además se aprovecha la ocasión para realizar un análisis contextual del hallazgo y se pone en relación con el fenómeno del cuidado femenino en época romana
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Nurses Teachers
Authors: Melo Sardinha Daniele , Ignácio da Silva Ana Gracinda , Gouveia Gomes Sandra , Carvalho Pamplona Fabricia , Dos Santos Gorayeb Adriana Letícia , Damous Castanho Ferreira Milena Farah , Socorro Bastos de Carvalho Milene do , Dias Garcez Juliana Conceição 
Published: January 2020

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in Brazil and worldwide, being influenced by the presence of risk factors. In the current life context, these factors are increasingly present in individuals, also related to occupation, which require extensive workload, performance, reasoning, goal plan and maximum dedication from the individual, as is the case of undergraduate teachers in Brazil.
Objective: To identify cardiovascular risk factors in teaching nurses of a private higher education institution (HEI) in Belém, PA, Brazil.
Study Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive survey study with a quantitative approach. At a private HEI in Belém-PA, in March and April 2019.
Methodology: Performed with 11 teachers nurses that the HEI had. A form was used on the teacher's profile and risk factors. Data were analyzed by simple descriptive statistics through the Bioestat 5.0 program.
Results: They are young adults, married, with an extensive workload; 45.45% of them have already had alterations in the HDL and LDL levels, with a family history of Systemic Arterial Hypertension 72.73% and Diabetes Mellitus 81.82%. 45.45% use oral contraceptives. They have a low-fiber diet, rich in lipids and sodium, and practice physical activity. 72.73% consume alcoholic beverages, and none are smokers.
Conclusion: The teaching profession, due to extensive workload and stressful activities, offers a risk for inadequate nutrition, sedentary lifestyle, and lack of time for leisure. These factors are associated with other existing factors, which may increase the chances of cardiovascular diseases in these professionals.
Raw Material from Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) as Effective Fungicide against Fusarium oxysporum and the Oleoresin Profile of Nutmeg
Authors: Y. L. Fernando A. , S. M. Senevirathne W. 
Published: January 2020

Aims: Present study tested the antifungal activity of methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform and hot water extracts of nutmeg leaf, mace, kernel and pericarp at three concentration levels (5, 10 and 20%) against Fusarium oxysporum.
Methodology: The agar dilution technique was used and the effect of different concentration of plant extracts on radial growth of reference fungi was evaluated. GC-MS analysis was used for compound analysis.
Results: Complete inhibition of F. oxyporum was found at 10% and 20% concentrations of acetone, ethanol and methanol extracts of leaf, mace, and kernel and, chloroform leaf extract. Mace showed the highest inhibition among sample extracts under every solvent. Among the detected compounds, 3-acridinamine was detected from the genus Myristica for the first time in this study.
Conclusion: The results showed possible use of M. fragrance against F. oxysporum. Since the mace part was rich with many antifungal compounds such as phthalide, palmitic and oleic acid, myristicin, safrol, α-cubebene and aromandendrene, mace can be used as raw material to develop fungicide against F. oxysporum.
Driving Ability and Safety in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhou Daniel J. , Mikuls Ted R. , Schmidt Cynthia , England Bryant R. , Bergman Debra A. , Rizzo Matthew , Merickel Jennifer , Michaud Kaleb 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo identify whether rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with driving ability and/or the use of assistive devices or modifications to improve driving ability.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines of RA and driving ability/adaptations by searching multiple databases from inception to April 2018. Eligible studies were original articles in the English language that had quantitative data regarding the study objective and at least 5 RA patients. Similar outcomes were extracted across studies and grouped into categories for review.ResultsOur search yielded 1,935 potential reports, of which 22 fulfilled eligibility criteria, totaling 6,285 RA patients. The prevalence of driving issues in RA was highly variable among the studies. Some of the shared themes addressed in these publications included RA in association with rates of motor vehicle crashes, self‐reported driving difficulty, inability to drive, use of driving adaptations, use of assistance by other people for transport, and difficulty with general transportation.ConclusionDespite variability among individual reports, driving difficulties and the use of driving adaptations are relatively common in individuals with RA. Given the central importance of automobile driving for the quality of life of RA patients, further investigations of driving ability and potential driving adaptations that can help overcome barriers to safe driving are needed.
Bathless Inorganic Composite Nickel Plating: Dry‐Cell Stamping of Large Hygroscopic Phosphor Crystals
Authors: Gerwitz Caitlyn N. , David Haley M. , Yan Yifan , Shaw Jason P. , Townsend Troy K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn contrast to current composite‐metal electroplating, where objects are submerged into a liquid bath, a bathless aqueous inorganic electroplating method is investigated to increase composite loading and incorporation of large hygroscopic particles. This method can be applied as a stamping coating onto large or irregular conductive objects without the need for an electrolyte bath. Instead of stirring in solution, the composite particles are trapped in the electrolyte and forced to plate within the metal matrix. In this set‐up, a nickel salt mixture containing the composite is applied to the cathode and is separated from the anode with an ion‐permeable membrane. As a proof of concept, large noncharged fluorescent composite particles are electrochemically embedded via electrochemical reduction of nickel salts resulting in up to 80 ± 12% surface area coverage after controlling deposition parameters of current density and duration. Long persistent afterglow SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphor powder is chosen because of its large crystal size (87 ± 30 µm) and hygroscopic nature. The photoluminescent quantum yield is measured and compared to the composite coatings, which reaches up to 9.9 ± 0.8% after 18 h of coating. Film morphology, phosphor surface loading, and film thickness are characterized by optical microscopy.
Shrinkage of Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Microcapsule as Omnidirectional Cavity to Suppress Optical Loss
Authors: Iwai Yosuke , Iijima Ryosuke , Yamamoto Kaho , Akita Takuya , Uchida Yoshiaki , Nishiyama Norikazu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCholesteric liquid crystalline (CLC) emulsions are the easiest 3D omnidirectional laser resonators to fabricate. To exploit the full potential of CLC emulsions as distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) mode laser resonators, monodispersed water‐in‐CLC‐in‐water double emulsions (CLC microcapsules) have higher performance scalability than simple CLC droplets. If laser dyes are concentrated at the center of CLC microcapsules, emitted light from the dye is 3D confined. When water is squeezed from the inner phase of a CLC microcapsule comprising an aqueous laser dye solution by means of osmotic pressure difference from the outer phase, the DBR lasing threshold of the CLC microcapsule is reduced. The shrinkage of the inner droplet contributes not only the simple reduction of the cavity length but also the suppression of the optical loss to reduce the lasing threshold. The reduced optical loss is beneficial to realize various devices: optical manipulation, photonic cross communications, and biochemical, light, and temperature sensing. Their flexible photonic structures are suitable for emerging and future optical devices like wearable optical devices.
Preparation of Scalable Silica‐Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Nanowarming
Authors: Gao Zhe , Ring Hattie L. , Sharma Anirudh , Namsrai Baterdene , Tran Nam , Finger Erik B. , Garwood Michael , Haynes Christy L. , Bischof John C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCryopreservation technology allows long‐term banking of biological systems. However, a major challenge to cryopreserving organs remains in the rewarming of large volumes (>3 mL), where mechanical stress and ice formation during convective warming cause severe damage. Nanowarming technology presents a promising solution to rewarm organs rapidly and uniformly via inductive heating of magnetic nanoparticles (IONPs) preloaded by perfusion into the organ vasculature. This use requires the IONPs to be produced at scale, heat quickly, be nontoxic, remain stable in cryoprotective agents (CPAs), and be washed out easily after nanowarming. Nanowarming of cells and blood vessels using a mesoporous silica‐coated iron oxide nanoparticle (msIONP) in VS55, a common CPA, has been previously demonstrated. However, production of msIONPs is a lengthy, multistep process and provides only mg Fe per batch. Here, a new microporous silica‐coated iron oxide nanoparticle (sIONP) that can be produced in as little as 1 d while scaling up to 1.4 g Fe per batch is presented. sIONP high heating, biocompatibility, and stability in VS55 is also verified, and the ability to perfusion load and washout sIONPs from a rat kidney as evidenced by advanced imaging and ICP‐OES is demonstrated.
Wheat growth and grain yield responses to sowing date‐associated variations in weather conditions
Authors: Zhou Baoyuan , Sun Xuefang , Ge Junzhu , Li Congfeng , Ding Zaisong , Ma Shaokang , Ma Wei , Zhao Ming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVariations in weather conditions can affect winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. This study aimed to determine the ways in which the yield formation processes of winter wheat respond to variations in weather conditions at a large range. Five sowing dates (SDs) were set at 15‐d intervals from early October to early December during the period 2015–2017 in the North China Plain (NCP). Sowing in mid‐October (SD2) produced the highest yield, which was similar to that of conventional sowing (early October, SD1). Sowing in early December (SD5) increased wheat yields by 6.1 and 14.0% averaged two year compared to sowing in early (SD3) or late (SD4) November, respectively. The increased yield for SD5 was attributed to increased dry matter accumulation (DMA) pre‐anthesis, and greater numbers of spikes and kernels. The DMA, spike number, and kernel number were mainly influenced by the pre‐anthesis plant growth rate (PGR), which was affected by temperature from sowing to anthesis. Low temperatures (maximum temperature <18.9°C, minimum temperature <7.6°C, daily mean temperature <12.8°C) from sowing to anthesis occurred following SD3 and SD4 sowings, which decreased pre‐anthesis PGR, and in turn decreased the pre‐anthesis DMA and spike and kernel number. These eventually reducing the total biomass and grain yield. We conclude that sowing wheat extremely late (early December) has the potential to increase grain yield, which may offset the negative effects of climatic factors in the NCP.
Cobalt‐katalysierte Kreuzkupplung funktionalisierter Alkylzinkreagenzien mit (Hetero‐)Arylhalogeniden
Authors: Lutter Ferdinand H. , Grokenberger Lucie , Spieß Philipp , Hammann Jeffrey M. , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Knochel Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEine Kombination aus 10 % CoCl2 und 20 % 2,2′‐Bipyridin als Liganden ermöglicht die Kreuzkupplung von funktionalisierten primären und sekundären Alkylzinkreagenzien mit diversen (Hetero‐)Arylhalogeniden. Die Kupplung mit 1,3‐ und 1,4‐substituierten Cycloalkylzinkreagenzien erzeugte funktionalisierte Heterocyclen in hohen Diastereoselektivitäten von bis zu 98:2. Des Weiteren ließen sich Alkinylbromide mit primären und sekundären Zinkreagenzien zu alkylierten Alkinen umsetzen.
Distal Allylic/Benzylic C−H Functionalization of Silyl Ethers Using Donor/Acceptor Rhodium(II) Carbenes
Authors: Vaitla Janakiram , Boni Yannick T. , Davies Huw M. L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRegio‐ and stereoselective distal allylic/benzylic C−H functionalization of allyl and benzyl silyl ethers was achieved using rhodium(II) carbenes derived from N‐sulfonyltriazoles and aryldiazoacetates as carbene precursors. The bulky rhodium carbenes led to highly site‐selective functionalization of less activated allylic and benzylic C−H bonds even in the presence of electronically preferred C−H bonds located α to oxygen. The dirhodium catalyst Rh2(S‐NTTL)4 is the most effective chiral catalyst for triazole‐derived carbene transformations, whereas Rh2(S‐TPPTTL)4 works best for carbenes derived from aryldiazoacetates. The reactions afford a variety of δ‐functionalized allyl silyl ethers with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity. The utility of the present method was demonstrated by its application to the synthesis of a 3,4‐disubstituted l‐proline scaffold.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective [4+2] Cycloadditions of Vinylcarbenes with Dienes
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Davies Huw M. L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe reaction of 2‐siloxycyclo‐1,3‐dienes with E‐vinyldiazoacetates in the presence of the bulky chiral dirhodium tetracarboxylate catalyst, Rh2(R‐p‐PhTPCP)4 results in an enantioselective [4+2] cycloaddition, in which three new stereogenic centers are formed. The [4+2] cycloadducts are generated as single diastereomers with high enantiocontrol (95–98 % ee). When the diene contains an additional stereogenic center, effective kinetic resolution can be achieved.
Cobalt(II) and silver(I) coordination polymers containing flexible bis (benzimidazol‐1‐yl)hexane ligands: synthesis, crystal structures, sensing and photocatalytic properties
Authors: Li Ai‐Ling , Hao Zeng‐Chuan , Han Chao , Cui Guang‐Hua 
Published: January 2020

Two new ternary metal coordination polymers (CPs), namely, {[Co2(BTC)(L)]·0.25H2O}n (1) and [Ag(HIPA)(L)]n (2) (H4BTC = 1,2,3,4‐butanetetracarboxylic acid, H2IPA = isophthalic acid, L = 1,6‐bis(5,6‐dimethylbenzimidazol‐1‐yl)hexane) were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD). 1 exhibits unusual 2D network with point symbol {43.63}2{46.66.73}. 2 possesses 1D chain structure which is further extended into a 3D supramolecular network via O–H···O hydrogen‐bonding and π–π stacking interactions. 1 and 2 can selectively detect benzaldehyde (BZH), Fe3+ (just 1) and Cr2O72− (just 2) ions in water via the luminescence quenching process. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activities of two CPs were evaluated for degradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl violet (MV) under UV irradiation.
Cu2+ sensing via noncovalent complexes of fluorescent whitening agents and imidazole‐based polymeric dye transfer inhibitors
Authors: Fernandes Gregory Edward , Ugwu Chidera 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTFluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) and polymeric dye transfer inhibitors (DTIs) are widely used in detergent formulations to combat garment yellowing, fading, and discoloration. We report a new application for these inexpensive, mass‐produced, laundry additives as sensitive fluorescence “turn‐off” sensors for Cu2+. We show that Cu2+‐sensitive FWA–DTI complexes form spontaneously when aqueous solutions of FWA and imidazole‐based DTI are mixed. We also show that the imidazole groups present in the resulting fluorescent FWA–DTI complex selectively bind Cu2+, a potent fluorescence quencher, to form nonfluorescent FWA–DTI‐Cu2+ complexes. Our Cu2+‐sensing FWA–DTI complexes are completely water‐soluble and have a Cu2+ detection limit of ~ 0.14 μM in water. Our simple approach not only converts the Cu2+‐insensitive FWAs into sensitive fluorescent probes for the metal ion but also significantly enhances the brightness of triazinylaminostilbene FWAs. The present study provides a facile, synthesis‐free strategy for producing inexpensive fluorescent sensors for Cu2+. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48915.