bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legislative Amendments to the New Political Parties’ Law and Their Impact on Parliamentary Work in Jordan
Authors: Balas Hashim , Alqudah Muntaser 
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aims to examine the legislative amendments introduced by the Jordanian Political Parties Law and their impact on parliamentary work in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The objective is to foster collaboration between governments and local communities in promoting the rule of law, human rights, and inclusive community development.

Theoretical Framework: The research utilizes analytical theory and a descriptive methodological framework to explore the legislative context. Core concepts, including systematic political organization and power-seeking dynamics within political parties, provide a solid foundation for understanding the study's context.

Method: An analytical approach links the newly introduced legal provisions to their anticipated outcomes. This method involves a detailed examination of the new law, particularly Article 58, Paragraph 4 of the Election of the House of Representatives Law No. 4 of 2022.

Results and Discussion: Findings reveal that political parties in Jordan have long been evolving, driven by members' aspirations to form organized groups for power acquisition. Discussions highlight theoretical and practical implications, addressing how these amendments could shape legislative revisions and gender equality in political participation.

Research Implications: The study provides insights into enhancing inclusive governance by eliminating barriers to gender equality in parliamentary elections and fostering systemic reforms within political parties.
Enhanced Space Debris Detection and Monitoring Using a Hybrid Bi-LSTM-CNN and Bayesian Optimization
Authors: Priyadarshini Ishaani 
Published: December 2024

Space debris detection is important to the integrity of space missions and satellites, especially with the increase in the number of satellites and spacecraft in orbit. This paper addresses this by a new concept innovative approach using hybrid Bi-LSTM-CNN architecture which is optimized using Bayesian optimization. The study presents an analysis approach based on the whole combination of machine learning and deep learning, a high-quality space debris detector, that can identify both the kind of object and the size of its RCS. The new method goes beyond what we have done so far and shows better results on a wide range of evaluation parameters, such as accuracy, precision, memory, and F1 score. Also, the study takes up the pragmatic issue of training time, thereby ensuring performance in real time. Esthetic trials on real datasets confirm the fit of the hybrid model, sensitivity, and efficacy with 99.16% and 99.98% detection and prediction of space debris types, respectively. In summary, this paper makes space debris tracking much more robust and mitigates threats associated with spaceflight and satellite operations, but they can offer a lot of information on threats and mitigation measures. The findings suggest that this hybrid model could be augmented with current space debris tracking systems, to increase their predictive power and operational effectiveness.

Received: 2 July 2024 | Revised: 15 August 2024 | Accepted: 6 September 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that she has no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
The datasets cited in this manuscript are publicly available and can be accessed from the original sources referenced in the text. The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in Kaggle at https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/kandhalkhandeka/sate llites-and-debris-in-earths-orbit/data. No additional data were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Author Contribution Statement
Ishaani Priyadarshini: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.
Corrosion of Carbon Steel by a Thermophilic Sulfate-Reducing Consortium Enriched from Oilfield-Produced Waters
Authors: Okpala Gloria Ngozi , Voordouw Gerrit , Gieg Lisa M. 
Published: December 2024

Corrosion of metal infrastructure due to microbial activity has been widely reported in many sectors and has been frequently studied under mesophilic conditions (&lt;50°C). However, less is known about this degradation process at thermophilic (&gt;50°C) temperatures that characterize many oil- and gas-producing operations. We used a thermophilic sulfate-reducing consortium (TSRM) enriched from offshore-produced water fluids to determine microbial corrosion of mild carbon steel at 60°C in the presence or absence of an organic electron donor (lactate or volatile fatty acids) and in the presence of riboflavin, a redox mediator previously reported to enhance microbial corrosion by pure isolates. Incubations of the TSRM consortium showed the highest corrosion rate in the absence of an organic electron donor, suggesting that the carbon steel itself served as an electron donor. Higher corrosion rates corresponded to increased numbers of localized pits formed. Scanning electron micrographs showed microbial cells with elongated filaments incubations when Fe0 served as an electron donor, potentially contributing to the direct uptake of electrons from iron. The addition of 20 ppm riboflavin did not enhance corrosion rates by the mixed TSRM consortium under the tested conditions. Microbial community analysis showed the TSRM culture to contain diverse anaerobic taxa and substantially distinct planktonic and coupon surface-attached communities. Overall, this study showed that thermophilic microbial communities containing sulfate-reducers can contribute to the corrosion of metal infrastructure operated or maintained at higher temperatures even in the absence of organic substrates, provided sulfate is present.
Perspective on “Diagnosing Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion: A State-of-the-Art Review,” B.J. Little, J.S. Lee, and R.I. Ray, Corrosion 62, 11 (2006): p. 1006-1017
Authors: Lee Jason S. , Little Brenda J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Central to all diagnostic strategies for microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) is the identification and enumeration of microorganisms, particularly bacteria. The shift from culture-based techniques to molecular microbiological methods for these procedures has increased the list of microbial species (including archaea) to which MIC is attributed but has not provided unambiguous data correlating corrosiveness to the size and/or composition of microbial populations. The following provides a state-of-the-art review of MIC diagnostics, including the possibility of correlating corrosiveness with specific extracellular metabolites. Microbiological testing requires informed sample collection, preservation and data interpretation. Currently, no single diagnostic test is conclusive for MIC; all diagnoses require multiple layers of supporting data besides microbiological data.
Key Words: carbon, carbon steel, hydrogen, microbiologically influenced corrosion, oil and gas, x-ray diffraction
Editor’s Note: This article is part of the series, “Perspectives on Classic Articles,” featuring CORROSION journal articles with historical significance accompanied by perspectives describing the impact of the article and the evolution of the field.
Seeing Red
Authors: Witgen Michael John 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Against long odds, the Anishinaabeg resisted removal, retaining thousands of acres of their homeland in what is now Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Their success rested partly on their roles as sellers of natural resources and buyers of trade goods, which made them key players in the political economy of plunder that drove white settlement and U.S. development in the Old Northwest. But, as Michael Witgen demonstrates, the credit for Native persistence rested with the Anishinaabeg themselves. Outnumbering white settlers well into the nineteenth century, they leveraged their political savvy to advance a dual citizenship that enabled mixed-race tribal members to lay claim to a place in U.S. civil society. Telling the stories of mixed-race traders and missionaries, tribal leaders and territorial governors, Witgen challenges our assumptions about the inevitability of U.S. expansion. Deeply researched and passionately written, Seeing Red will command attention from readers who are invested in the enduring issues of equality, equity, and national belonging at its core.
Introduction
Authors: Witgen Michael John 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The 1836 Treaty of Washington, one of many treaties that the United States negotiated with the Indigenous nations of the Northwest Territory, represented a massive transfer of wealth from Native peoples to white American settlers that in turn created an enormous infusion of money into the regional economy. The treaty process and resulting land cessions, annuity payments, and supply of goods and provisions to Native negotiators created a political economy of plunder. Additionally, the treaty rendered the political and social status of “half-breed” Native peoples living in the Northwest Territory ambiguous. The mixed-race Anishinaabeg leveraged this ambiguity and insisted on an identity that was rooted in the social worlds of both Indigenous and white people (what would now be recognized as dual citizenship). This attempt to shape their own history, to work the coercive system designed to rob them of all that they owned so that they could remain in their homeland, highlights a constant, if inconsistent, dialectic between erasure and inclusion in the nineteenth-century United States.
Indigenous Land and Black Lives The Politics of Exclusion and Privilege in the Old Northwest
Authors: Witgen Michael John 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The 1842 case of Jeffries v. Ankeny denied the voting rights of Parker Jefferies because he was deemed to be “a person of color,” arguing that his mixed-race identity prohibited him, like all Indigenous persons, from transitioning from savage to civilized member of the U.S. Republic. This case was representative of a myriad of laws and treaties aimed at excluding Black and Native peoples from the process of self-government, with the hope that they would thus be compelled to leave to avoid political subjugation. For white settlers moving into the Northwest Territory, it was simply unthinkable to imagine living with free Blacks and Natives who had rights equal to their own. For free Blacks, political negotiations surrounding their racial identity were focused on citizenship and privileges. For the Anishinaabeg, negotiations about race also centered on land rights. Mixed-race Native peoples, asserting a dual citizenship as Indian and American, struggled to claim both land rights and the privileges of citizenship by pursuing so-called half-breed annuities. These claims represented an amalgamation of Anishinaabe notions of kinship, identity, and belonging with evolving ideas about race and natural law ideology.
Conclusion
Authors: Witgen Michael John 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
On February 6, 1850, President Zachary Taylor issued an executive order revoking the rights of the Anishinaabe people to continue living on lands ceded to the United States under the Treaty of Saint Peters and the Treaty of La Pointe. This removal was a deadly manifestation of the political economy of plunder, forcing the region’s Native population to relocate to the newly created territory of Minnesota. In response, the ogimaa Gichi-Bizhiki (The Great Buffalo), the principal leader of the Lake Superior Ojibweg, embarked on a journey to Washington, D.C., after the ogimaag’s letter of petition to the commissioner of Indian affairs was ignored.
Fragmentation
Authors: Carter Eric D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter traces the development of the social medicine milieu and its political consequences, from the 1930s through the “classic” Perón era from 1945 to 1955. During this period, a move towards an ambitious universal health care system was stymied, in large part, by competing interests within the Peronist governing regime. Newly empowered trade unions secured health insurance and other amenities, preventing a full socialization of medicine. Core Peronist supporters, including women’s organizations, chafed at the top-down agenda of national health ministers, whose goal seemed to be extending the domain of scientific knowledge (especially biomedicine) into the realms of family, procreation, sexual conduct, and nutrition. The medical profession, meanwhile, either offered active or passive resistance to many of the gestures towards centralization of health services of the Perón government. Organized as a labor union, medical doctors would provide the most stubborn opposition to state control of the health sector.
Hiatus
Authors: Carter Eric D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter traces the temporary decline of social medicine in Latin America in the 1950s and 1960s to two forces: the rise of a new and powerful international development apparatus that incorporated new social science approaches that left little space for social medicine ideas and praxis in the realm of public health, as exemplified by PAHO director Abraham Horwitz and the OPS/CENDES program; and, a change in the consciousness of the medical profession in Latin America, specifically a retrenchment to defend professional and class interests, which doctors perceived as under threat from an expanding welfare state. The chapter also discusses Josué de Castro, a Brazilian doctor and polymath social scientist, whose integrative social medicine perspective became increasingly unfashionable as he became more politically radicalized.
Conspicuously Consuming Mate in Urban Argentina and Uruguay, 1960s–2000s
Authors: Pite Rebekah E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter tells the story of the symbolic place of mate drinking during the tumultuous decades of the 1960s through the 2000s, when intensified political struggles accompanied a new era of modernization and urbanization. In the 1960s, many young people around the world dreamed of and fought for a more equal world order. As the Cold War heated up and the U.S. supported what it labelled “counterinsurgency” efforts in Latin America, right-wing military dictatorships seized power across the Southern Cone. With the democratic restoration of the 1980s, South Americans reclaimed their rights as citizens and re-entered public spaces. In Uruguayan and Argentine cities, a growing number brought their mate and thermos with them, contributing to the trend of conspicuous consumption in Uruguay and reversing the trend of waning consumption in Argentina. In step with the growing number of genres in which mate appeared, this chapter considers the visual culture of contemporary artwork, photographs, and television advertisements. It also analyzes what contemporaries did or did not see in everyday life, such as the presence or absence of the thermos, which allowed late twentieth-century mate drinkers to bring their hot water and mate ritual into the city streets.
Pyrrhic Victories
Authors: Swanson Drew A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The third chapter begins with a description of the importance of reputation in Reconstruction debates, which regularly intertwined the personal with the political, including in perceptions of John Stephens. It then explores the emergence of the local Ku Klux Klan, headed by John Lea, a member of a prominent Caswell family. Klan activities contributed to a growing wave of violence, characterized by acts and fears of arson, which carried great symbolic power in an agrarian landscape and in the wake of a destructive war in which federal troops had used to torch as a weapon against Confederate resistance. The assassination of Stephens in the Caswell County Courthouse in 1870 by Klansmen served as the culmination of the building terror.
Purgatory
Authors: Swanson Drew A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 covers the turmoil that followed Stephens’s assassination. A futile initial investigation led Governor Holden to declare martial law and order the arrest of suspected Klansmen in Caswell and Alamance counties, in a period that came to be known as the Kirk-Holden War. The unrest was exacerbated by the state’s partisan newspapers, which waged verbal war while endlessly speculating about who killed Stephens. The tumult culminated in a preliminary trial of three suspected conspirators in Raleigh. Proceedings against these men were eventually dropped, and the aftermath of Holden’s failed crusade to stamp out insurrection led to his impeachment and the eventual crumbling of the Reconstruction efforts in North Carolina.
Pretext
Authors: Swanson Drew A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores several waves of public memory that shaped perceptions of North Carolina’s Reconstruction period in the decades following Governor Holden’s impeachment. Hearings before a Congressional Joint Committee established to investigate the actions of the Ku Klux Klan produced national perceptions of local lawlessness. Writers of fiction—most famously novelist, lawyer, and editor Albion Tourgée—further shaped popular understandings of the state’s Reconstruction era. The identities of Stephens’s killers remained somewhat mysterious, even as partial confessions from Conservatives like Frank Wiley and Felix Roan revealed more details of the crime. By the early twentieth century, professional historians, especially students trained by Columbia University professor William Dunning, were increasingly labeling Reconstruction an economic, political, and racial “tragedy.” This Dunning School interpretation was led in North Carolina by Joseph Grégoire de Roulhac Hamilton, and was disseminated through academic histories, school textbooks, civic speeches, and public monuments.
That Which Sets in Motion
Authors: Li Alison 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In 1915, as a newcomer to New York, Harry Benjamin’s interest in hormones was awakened when he was invited to join a weekly gathering of physicians led by Joseph Fraenkel of Cornell University Medical College. Fraenkel introduced his colleagues to the study of the internal secretions of the glands, speculating that these hormonal secretions might serve not only as treatments for glandular deficiencies but as a means of understanding human constitution. Benjamin set up a private medical practice in New York and incorporated glandular therapies into patient care.
We Pursue Our Magic
Authors: Magloire Marina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Drawing on the collected archives of distinguished twentieth-century Black woman writers such as Lucille Clifton, Audre Lorde, Toni Cade Bambara, Lorraine Hansberry, and others, Marina Magloire traces a new history of Black feminist thought in relation to Afro-diasporic religion. Beginning in the 1930s with the pathbreaking ethnographic work of Katherine Dunham and Zora Neale Hurston in Haiti and ending with the present-day popularity of Afro-diasporic spiritual practices among Black women, she offers an alternative genealogy of Black feminism, characterized by its desire to reconnect with ancestrally centered religions like Vodou. Magloire reveals the tension, discomfort, and doubt at the heart of each woman’s efforts to connect with ancestral spiritual practices. These revered writers are often regarded as unchanging monuments to Black womanhood, but Magloire argues that their feminism is rooted less in self-empowerment than in a fluid pursuit of community despite the inevitable conflicts wrought by racial capitalism. The subjects of this book all model a nuanced Black feminist praxis grounded in the difficult work of community building between Black women across barriers of class, culture, and time.
Girls’ Talk
Authors: Magloire Marina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The second chapter also centers Haiti as a space that allows black American women to interrogate their most commonly held values and mores, this time manifested in the friendship of playwright Lorraine Hansberry and singer Nina Simone, both queer women who were publicly heterosexual. I argue that both artists sublimated queer desires that they deemed socially inappropriate into their mutual interest in the history of revolutions across the diaspora, which contributed to the radical quality of their friendship—as Simone notes on her relationship with Hansberry, “We never talked about men or clothes or other such inconsequential things when we got together. It was always Marx, Lenin, and revolution—real girls’ talk.” In Simone’s 1974 album It is Finished and Hansberry’s posthumously published play fragment, Toussaint, traces of the two women’s revolutionary girls’ talk manifests in their shared construction of the Caribbean as a space of non-normativity fluidity that did not yet exist in their America. In the album and the play, Simone and Hansberry theorize the possibility of future revolutions that break down the limitations of prescriptive gender roles and compulsory heterosexuality.
On The Road
Authors: Menconi David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
After their undergraduate years, the future Rounder founders had many road-trip adventures across America and beyond during the late 1960s. They connected with other fans, musicians and grassroots industry figures like Ken Davidson, founder of another small label called Kanawha Records, from which they took inspiration. They would go on to release music by many musicians they encountered during this time, including George Pegram, Clark Kessinger and Country Cooking.
Earning Their Wings
Authors: Myers Sarah Parry 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Established by the Army Air Force in 1943, the Women's Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) program opened to civilian women with a pilot's license who could afford to pay for their own transportation, training, and uniforms. Despite their highly developed skill set, rigorous training, and often dangerous work, the women of WASP were not granted military status until 1977, denied over three decades of Army Air Force benefits as well as the honor and respect given to male and female World War II veterans of other branches. Sarah Parry Myers not only offers a history of this short-lived program but considers its long-term consequences for the women who participated and subsequent generations of servicewomen and activists. Myers shows us how those in the WASP program bonded through their training, living together in barracks, sharing the dangers of risky flights, and struggling to be recognized as military personnel, and the friendships they forged lasted well after the Army Air Force dissolved the program. Despite the WASP program's short duration, its fliers formed activist networks and spent the next thirty years lobbying for recognition as veterans. Their efforts were finally recognized when President Jimmy Carter signed a bill into law granting WASP participants retroactive veteran status, entitling them to military benefits and burials.
I Was Happiest in the Sky
Authors: Myers Sarah Parry 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the 1920s and 1930s, aviation offered opportunities for early women aviators who viewed the skies as a space of liberation and equality. In the decades before the war, women pilots sold the safely of flight to the American public. Most of the WASP were inspired by these early aviators and entertainers, although some worked in air shows before joining the WASP. These women epitomized a 1920s modern or new woman for their pursuit of adventure, liberation, and technology. Two of these early female barnstormers, Nancy Love and Jaqueline Cochran, started the programs that became the WASP. A New Deal government program, the Civilian Pilot Training Program, allowed more women to get their pilot’s licenses and eventually fly for the Army Air Force. These women were eager to use their aviation skills professionally and in a patriotic capacity.