bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overarching Principles and Dimensions of the Functional Organization in the Inferior Parietal Cortex
Authors: Humphreys Gina F , Jackson Rebecca L , Lambon Ralph Matthew A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The parietal cortex (PC) is implicated in a confusing myriad of different cognitive processes/tasks. Consequently, understanding the nature and organization of the core underlying neurocomputations is challenging. According to the Parietal Unified Connectivity-biased Computation model, two properties underpin PC function and organization. Firstly, PC is a multidomain, context-dependent buffer of time- and space-varying input, the function of which, over time, becomes sensitive to the statistical temporal/spatial structure of events. Secondly, over and above this core buffering computation, differences in long-range connectivity will generate graded variations in task engagement across subregions. The current study tested these hypotheses using a group independent component analysis technique with two independent functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets (task and resting state data). Three functional organizational principles were revealed: Factor 1, inferior PC was sensitive to the statistical structure of sequences for all stimulus types (pictures, sentences, numbers); Factor 2, a dorsal–ventral variation in generally task-positive versus task-negative (variable) engagement; and Factor 3, an anterior–posterior dimension in inferior PC reflecting different engagement in verbal versus visual tasks, respectively. Together, the data suggest that the core neurocomputation implemented by PC is common across domains, with graded task engagement across regions reflecting variations in the connectivity of task-specific networks that interact with PC.
New-onset atrial fibrillation: incidence, characteristics, and related events following a national COVID-19 lockdown of 5.6 million people
Authors: Holt Anders , Gislason Gunnar H , Schou Morten , Zareini Bochra , Biering-Sørensen Tor , Phelps Matthew , Kragholm Kristian , Andersson Charlotte , Fosbøl Emil L , Hansen Morten Lock , Gerds Thomas A , Køber Lars , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Lamberts Morten 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aim
To determine the incidence, patient characteristics, and related events associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) during a national COVID-19 lockdown.

Methods and results
Using nationwide Danish registries, we included all patients, aged 18–90 years, receiving a new-onset AF diagnosis during the first 3 months of 2019 and 2020. The main comparison was between patients diagnosed during lockdown (12 March 12–1 April 2020) and patients diagnosed in the corresponding period 1 year previously. We found a lower incidence of new-onset AF during the 3 weeks of lockdown compared with the corresponding weeks in 2019 [incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the 3 weeks: 0.66 (0.56–0.78), 0.53 (0.45–0.64), and 0.41 (0.34–0.50)]. There was a 47% drop in total numbers (562 vs. 1053). Patients diagnosed during lockdown were younger and with a lower CHA2DS2-VASc score, while history of cancer, heart failure, and vascular disease were more prevalent. During lockdown, 30 (5.3%) patients with new-onset AF suffered an ischaemic stroke and 15 (2.7%) died, compared with 45 (4.3%) and 14 (1.3%) patients during the corresponding 2019 period, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio of a related event (ischaemic stroke or all-cause death) during lock-down compared with the corresponding weeks was 1.41 (95% CI 0.93–2.12).

Conclusions
Following a national lockdown in Denmark, a 47% drop in registered new-onset AF cases was observed. In the event of prolonged or subsequent lockdowns, the risk of undiagnosed AF patients developing complications could potentially translate into poorer outcomes in patients with AF during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Late gadolinium enhancement role in arrhythmic risk stratification of patients with LMNA cardiomyopathy: results from a long-term follow-up multicentre study
Authors: Peretto Giovanni , Barison Andrea , Forleo Cinzia , Di Resta Chiara , Esposito Antonio , Aquaro Giovanni Donato , Scardapane Arnaldo , Palmisano Anna , Emdin Michele , Resta Nicoletta , Santoni Anna , Guaricci Andrea Igoren , Santobuono Vincenzo Ezio , Pepe Martino , Favale Stefano , Ferrari Maurizio , Benedetti Sara , Della Bella Paolo , Sala Simone 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aims
We aimed at addressing the role of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in arrhythmic risk stratification of LMNA-associated cardiomyopathy (CMP).

Methods and results
We present data from a multicentre national cohort of patients with LMNA mutations. Of 164 screened cases, we finally enrolled patients with baseline cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) including LGE sequences [n = 41, age 35 ± 17 years, 51% males, mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by echocardiogram 56%]. The primary endpoint of the study was follow-up (FU) occurrence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias [MVA, including sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation, and appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy]. At baseline CMR, 25 subjects (61%) had LGE, with non-ischaemic pattern in all of the cases. Overall, 23 patients (56%) underwent ICD implant. By 10 ± 3 years FU, eight patients (20%) experienced MVA, consisting of appropriate ICD shocks in all of the cases. In particular, the occurrence of MVA in LGE+ vs. LGE− groups was 8/25 vs. 0/16 (P = 0.014). Of note, no significant differences between LGE+ and LGE− patients were found in currently recognized risk factors for sudden cardiac death (male gender, non-missense mutations, baseline LVEF &lt;45% and non-sustained VT), all P-value &gt;0.05.

Conclusions
In LMNA-CMP patients, LGE at baseline CMR is significantly associated with MVA. In particular, as suggested by this preliminary experience, the absence of LGE allowed to rule-out MVA at 10 years mean FU.
The Restructuring of the British Empire and the Colonization of Australia, 1832–8
Authors: Lester Alan , Vanderbyl Nikita 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Analysing a comprehensive shift in the governance of the British Empire in the mid 1830s, this article introduces the context for the following three articles in the Feature, ‘Legacies of Slave Ownership’. This shift included the abolition of slavery in the Caribbean, upon which these articles concentrate, but also the restructuring of the East India Company. A reformed British parliament introduced transitions in the western and eastern halves of the Empire in a concentrated burst of legislation between 1833 and 1838. While vested interests were protected, not least by facilitating a surge in the colonization of Australia, the transition produced the template of a liberal Empire.
Ingredients to become a scientist: curiosity, enthusiasm, perseverance, opportunity, and a good pinch of luck
Authors: Meyer-Rochow Victor Benno 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Writing a 200-word abstract about the life of a 76-year-old scientist, in which luck played a significant role, is not an easy task. Even knowing this scientist well (for I am talking about myself) does not make it any easier. When you notice something is not right, do not fear changing your major (I changed twice before settling on Fisheries and Marine Science). For my PhD in neurobiology, I changed again. Grab opportunities when they arise. Join field trips and expeditions, attend conferences, and spread your interests widely. Spend time in different countries, learn new techniques and languages, and always stay curious. Remain humble. I carried out speleological research in Jamaica and France, participated in a 4-month South Atlantic Fisheries Research Trip and a 3-month Bioluminescence Expedition to the Moluccas, and pioneered comparative physiological and functional anatomical research in Antarctica and the Arctic. Be adventurous. My ethnobiological field work took me to Papua Niugini, NE-India, and Central Australia. Having lived in Australia, Finland, France, Germany, Jamaica, Japan, and New Zealand (I am a New Zealander currently living in Korea) and having spent sabbaticals in Brazil, India, New Caledonia, and North Korea, I consider myself a global scientist. You can become one too.
Does parental farm upbringing influence the risk of asthma in offspring? A three-generation study
Authors: Timm Signe , Svanes Cecilie , Frydenberg Morten , Sigsgaard Torben , Holm Mathias , Janson Christer , Bråbäck Lennart , Campbell Brittany , Kjaer Madsen Marie , Jõgi Nils Oskar , Jõgi Rain , Schiöler Linus , Bertelsen Randi Jacobsen , Johannessen Ane , Sanchez-Ramos Jose Luis , Martinez-Moretalla Jesus , Dratva Julia , Dharmage Shyamali , Schlünssen Vivi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
A farm upbringing has been associated with lower risk of asthma and methylation of asthma-related genes. As such, a farm upbringing has the potential to transfer asthma risk across generations, but this has never been investigated. We aimed to study the generational effects from a parental farm upbringing on offspring asthma.

Methods
Our study involved three generations: 5759 participants from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) study (born 1945–1971, denoted G1), their 9991 parents (G0) and their 8260 offspring (G2) participating in RHINESSA (Respiratory Health In Northern Europe, Spain and Australia). Questionnaire data were collected on G0 and G1 from G1 in 2010 and on G2 from themselves in 2013. The parental/grandparental place of upbringing was categorized: (i) both parents from farm; (ii) mother from farm, father from village/city; (iii) father from farm, mother from village/city; (iv) both parents from village or one parent from village and one from city; (v) both parents from city (reference group). Grandparental upbringing was equivalently categorized. Offspring asthma was self-reported and data were analysed using Cox-regression models with G2 age as the time scale.

Results
A parental farm upbringing was not associated with offspring asthma when compared with city upbringing [hazard ratio (HR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74–1.69]. Findings remained similar when stratified by offspring upbringing and asthma phenotypes. Quantitative bias analyses showed similar estimates for alternative data sources. A grandparental farm upbringing was not associated with offspring asthma in either the maternal (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.67–1.65) or paternal line (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.62–1.68).

Conclusions
This multigenerational analysis suggests no evidence of an association between parental/grandparental farm upbringing and offspring asthma.
Remdesivir (GS-5734) Is Efficacious in Cynomolgus Macaques Infected With Marburg Virus
Authors: Porter Danielle P , Weidner Jessica M , Gomba Laura , Bannister Roy , Blair Christiana , Jordan Robert , Wells Jay , Wetzel Kelly , Garza Nicole , Van Tongeren Sean , Donnelly Ginger , Steffens Jesse , Moreau Alicia , Bearss Jeremy , Lee Eric , Bavari Sina , Cihlar Tomas , Warren Travis K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) is a filovirus with documented human case-fatality rates of up to 90%. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir (GS-5734) in nonhuman primates experimentally infected with MARV. Beginning 4 or 5 days post inoculation, cynomolgus macaques were treated once daily for 12 days with vehicle, 5 mg/kg remdesivir, or a 10-mg/kg loading dose followed by 5 mg/kg remdesivir. All vehicle-control animals died, whereas 83% of animals receiving a 10-mg/kg loading dose of remdesivir survived, as did 50% of animals receiving a 5-mg/kg remdesivir regimen. Remdesivir-treated animals exhibited improved clinical scores, lower plasma viral RNA, and improved markers of kidney function, liver function, and coagulopathy versus vehicle-control animals. The small molecule remdesivir showed therapeutic efficacy in this Marburg virus disease model with treatment initiation 5 days post inoculation, supporting further assessment of remdesivir for the treatment of Marburg virus disease in humans.
Sustained transmission of the ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428 clone in China
Authors: Chen Shao-Chun , Yuan Liu-Feng , Zhu Xiao-Yu , van der Veen Stijn , Yin Yue-Ping 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Ceftriaxone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae has become an imminent threat to effective control of gonorrhoea globally. In recent years, the ceftriaxone-resistant FC428 clone has shown international dissemination. After our first report of the FC428 clone in China in 2016, we now describe another six cases of FC428-related ceftriaxone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae isolates from 2017 and 2018.

Objectives
To identify the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of newly reported ceftriaxone-resistant isolates in China and to investigate the relationship between these isolates and FC428 clones reported globally.

Methods
Antimicrobial susceptibility to ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin, spectinomycin, penicillin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was determined by the agar dilution method. N. gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST), MLST and N. gonorrhoeae sequence typing for antimicrobial resistance (NG-STAR) were performed for genotyping and SNPs extracted from whole-genome sequences were used for phylogenetic analysis.

Results
All isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, cefixime, penicillin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, but were susceptible to azithromycin and spectinomycin. NG-MAST, MLST and NG-STAR genotyping showed that all isolates shared identical or similar STs (&lt;10 bp difference) to FC428 (NG-MAST ST3435, MLST ST1903, NG-STAR ST233) and contained the same mosaic penA allele 60.001. Phylogenetic analysis showed the Chinese isolates spreading in the whole phylogenetic tree and fully mixed with other international isolates. Half of the Chinese isolates were more closely related (&lt;100 SNPs) to Japanese isolates than other international isolates.

Conclusions
The newly reported cases in China were related to the internationally spreading FC428 clone. These isolates might have played a central role in international transmission of the FC428 clone. High ceftriaxone doses (1–2 g) still provide effective therapy.
The Right to an Effective Defence During ECCC Investigations
Authors: Sluiter Göran , Tiernan Marc 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The present article seeks to explore and discuss to what extent the position of the defence in the course of investigations before the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) is in conformity with fair trial norms and sufficiently robust to ensure high-quality fact-finding. After recalling the general features and structure of the ECCC proceedings at the pre-trial stage, the authors critically assess how the inquisitorial imprint given to the ECCC investigation phase has ultimately affected the rights of the suspects and accused to an effective defence.
High sensitivity X-ray analysis for a low accelerating voltage scanning electron microscope using a transition edge sensor
Authors: Tanaka Keiichi , Takano Akira , Nagata Atsushi , Nakayama Satoshi , Takahashi Kaname , Ajima Masahiko , Obara Kenji , Chinone Kazuo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A scanning electron microscope transition edge sensor has been developed to analyze the minor or trace constituents contained in a bulk sample and small particles on the sample under a low accelerating voltage (typically &lt;3 keV). The low accelerating voltage enables to improve the spatial analysis resolution because the primary electron diffusion length is limited around the sample surface. The characteristic points of our transition edge sensor are 1) high-energy resolution at 7.2 eV@Al-Kα, 2) continuous operation by using a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator and 3) improvement of transmission efficiency at B-Kα by using thin X-ray film windows between the sample and detector (about 30 times better than our previous system). Our system could achieve a stabilization of the peak shift at Nd-Mα (978 eV) within 1 eV during an operation time of 27 000 s. The detection limits with B-Kα for detection times 600 and 27 000 s were 0.27 and 0.038 wt%, respectively. We investigated the peak separation ability by measuring the peak intensity ratio between the major constitute (silicon) and the minor constitute (tungsten) because the Si-Kα line differs from the W-Mα line by only 35 eV and a small W-Mα peak superimposed on the tail of the large Si-Kα peak. The peak intensity ratio (I(W-Mα)/I(Si-Kα)) was adjusted by the W particle area ratio compared with the Si substrate area. The transition edge sensor could clearly separate the Si-Kα and W-Mα lines even under a peak intensity ratio of 0.01.
Spontaneous massive duodenal perforation after ovarian cancer treatment with bevacizumab
Authors: Karanikas Michael , Kofina Konstantinia , Potolidis Dimitrios , Foutzitzi Soultana , Deftereos Savas , Effraemidou Eleni , Lyratzopoulos Nikolaos 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Bevacizumab has been used as an effective drug for ovarian cancer. However, serious adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal perforation, can occur. Spontaneous gastrointestinal perforation is an uncommon, yet life-threatening complication related to bevacizumab administration. We present the case of a 65-year-old Caucasian female who presented with acute abdomen 10 days after the first administration of bevacizumab for ovarian cancer treatment, and she was diagnosed intraoperatively with a massive duodenal perforation. Bowel perforation after bevacizumab administration is a serious and potentially lethal complication. Careful follow-up of the patients is necessary in order to detect any signs of this condition in time.
Merger rate density of binary black holes formed in open clusters
Authors: Kumamoto Jun , Fujii Michiko S , Tanikawa Ataru 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Several binary black holes (BBHs) have been observed using gravitational wave detectors. For the formation mechanism of BBHs, two main mechanisms, isolated binary evolution and dynamical formation in dense star clusters, have been suggested. Future observations are expected to provide more information about BBH distributions, and it will help us to distinguish the two formation mechanisms. For the star cluster channel, globular clusters have mainly been investigated. However, recent simulations have suggested that BBH formation in open clusters is not negligible. We estimate a local merger rate density of BBHs originated from open clusters using the results of our N-body simulations of open clusters with four different metallicities. We find that the merger rate per cluster is the highest for our 0.1 solar metallicity model. Assuming a cosmic star formation history and a metallicity evolution with dispersion, we estimate the local merger rate density of BBHs originated from open clusters to be ∼70 yr−1 Gpc−3. This value is comparable to the merger rate density expected from the first and second observation runs of LIGO and Virgo. In addition, we find that BBH mergers obtained from our simulations can reproduce the distribution of primary mass and mass ratio of merging BBHs estimated from the LIGO and Virgo observations.
Influence of modification of gravity on the complexity factor of static spherical structures
Authors: Yousaf Z , Khlopov Maxim Yu , Bhatti M Z , Naseer T 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
The aim of this paper is to generalize the definition of complexity for the static self-gravitating structure in f (R, T, Q) gravitational theory, where R is the Ricci scalar, T is the trace part of energy–momentum tensor, and Q ≡ RαβT αβ. In this context, we have considered locally anisotropic spherical matter distribution and calculated field equations and conservation laws. After the orthogonal splitting of the Riemann curvature tensor, we found the corresponding complexity factor with the help of structure scalars. It is seen that the system may have zero complexity factor if the effects of energy density inhomogeneity and pressure anisotropy cancel the effects of each other. All of our results reduce to general relativity on assuming f (R, T, Q) = R condition.
Improving the prediction accuracy of protein abundance in Escherichia coli using mRNA accessibility
Authors: Terai Goro , Asai Kiyoshi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
RNA secondary structure around translation initiation sites strongly affects the abundance of expressed proteins in Escherichia coli. However, detailed secondary structural features governing protein abundance remain elusive. Recent advances in high-throughput DNA synthesis and experimental systems enable us to obtain large amounts of data. Here, we evaluated six types of structural features using two large-scale datasets. We found that accessibility, which is the probability that a given region around the start codon has no base-paired nucleotides, showed the highest correlation with protein abundance in both datasets. Accessibility showed a significantly higher correlation (Spearman’s ρ = 0.709) than the widely used minimum free energy (0.554) in one of the datasets. Interestingly, accessibility showed the highest correlation only when it was calculated by a log-linear model, indicating that the RNA structural model and how to utilize it are important. Furthermore, by combining the accessibility and activity of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, we devised a method for predicting protein abundance more accurately than existing methods. We inferred that the log-linear model has a broader probabilistic distribution than the widely used Turner energy model, which contributed to more accurate quantification of ribosome accessibility to translation initiation sites.
Delivery Hospital Characteristics and Postpartum Maternal Mortality: A National Case-Control Study in France
Authors: Saucedo M. , Bouvier-Colle M.H. , Blondel B. , Bonnet M.P. , Deneux-Tharaux C. 
Published: May 2020

(Anesth Analg. 2020;130:52–62)
While obstetric care providers are always focused on ensuring the best outcomes for their patients, not much empirical evidence is available to illustrate how a hospital’s organizational structure can affect maternal and neonatal outcomes. Research has shown that premature infants who are transferred to specialty centers experience better health outcomes, but there is variability in how facilities classify maternal risk factors that would indicate a need for preterm delivery. This inconsistency in procedure presents a number of maternal health risks, and so Saucedo and colleagues conducted their study to determine how a hospital’s organizational characteristics affect the risk of postpartum maternal death.
National Partnership for Maternal Safety Recommended Maternal Early Warning Criteria Are Associated With Maternal Morbidity
Authors: Arnolds D.E. , Smith A. , Banayan J.M. , Holt R. , Scavone B.M. 
Published: May 2020

(Anesth Analg. 2019;129:1621–1626)
Maternal mortality and severe obstetric morbidity in the United States are increasing by substantial rates. From 1987 to 2010, mortality increased to near 75%, and severe morbidity increased by a similar rate. Many maternal deaths are due to a delayed response to clinical warning signs. It is estimated close to half of maternal deaths attributed to provider factors are preventable. Therefore, vital sign (VS) triggers were proposed as components of early warning systems in the obstetric population. The maternal early warning criteria (MEWC) were created by The National Partnership for Maternal Safety (NPMS) to identify pregnant women at risk for morbidity and mortality. It is a single parameter system in which triggering any criterion prompts bedside evaluation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the MEWC and subsequent maternal morbidity and mortality