bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Richards Jennifer 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Introduction argues that the history of Renaissance reading has privileged the silent reader, even though it is acknowledged that oral reading in this period was ubiquitous. It makes a case for the ubiquity of oral reading—and of voice-aware silent reading—in a unique way, by shifting attentiovn from orality to vocality, moving our attention away from the oral/literacy debate introduced by Walter J. Ong in the mid-twentieth century. Making this shift enables us to re-focus on the question of how the physical voice brings meaning to a text. This chapter explores the patchy engagement with the voice in critical work in different disciplines, including music and post-medieval literary studies. It explains this book’s interest in voice qualities like tone and timbre. Finally, it introduces what will become a key argument: that a printed book needs to be understood as an experience as well as an object.
The Current-Current Model of the Weak Interaction
Authors: Peskin Michael E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses the representation of the weak interaction as a current-current interaction that violates parity and charge conjugation invariance. It describes the experiments that demonstrate that this violation is maximal. The resulting theory is called the V-A theory of the weak interaction. The chapter works out the predictions of the V-A theory for muon and pion decay and high-energy neutrino scattering and shows the comparison to experiment.
The clitic doubling parameter
Authors: Fischer Susann , Navarro Mario , Vilanova Jorge Vega 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to explain the emergence and distribution of clitic doubling (CLD) in Romance. On the basis of newly assembled diachronic and synchronic data, the chapter argues that the development can be analysed as a cycle of five different stages. The emergence of the CLD parameter (Fischer and Rinke 2013) is connected to the grammaticalization path of the clitic itself and the verb’s ability to move to the front of the sentence, which in turn affects the A’-positions in front of the verb that are available for the object. CLD in Spanish and Catalan is argued to have taken over partially the information-structural meaning expressed by word order in the Old Romance languages.
What kind of constructions yield what kind of constructions?
Authors: Blümel Andreas , Coniglio Marco 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe chapter investigates the properties and diachrony of the much-debated German was-für construction based on data from historical corpora. It is argued that this construction originated from the was ‘what’ plus partitive genitive construction. The latter is claimed to be a construction stretching over two DPs, the first one consisting of a wh-element and a null noun, the second one being a genitive noun. Given the absence of phonetical evidence for the presence of a null noun in the first DP, it is shown that, during the Early New High German period, this binominal construction was reanalysed as a mononominal construction consisting of the wh-element was in combination with an indefinite NP. A number of properties of this construction (absence of partitive interpretation, possibility to split, etc.) can be explained straightforwardly by means of the diachronic development sketched.
Introduction
Authors: Schneider Robert A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter introduces the major themes of the book as well as the cast of characters: the over one hundred writers and intellectuals whose work and activities are the focus of what follows in the seven chapters. It dwells considerably on the ethos of retreat—otium—as a governing principle of men and women of letters in this period following the Wars of Religion. It also deals with the historiographical background of this study, acknowledging several generations of historians and literary scholars. The chapter also presages other themes that will follow: honnêteté, Gallicanism, as well as the literary and intellectual sociability of Paris in the generations following the Wars of Religion.
Aristocrats and Writers
Authors: Schneider Robert A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter, building on the last, argues that the motivation for writers to reform French and create a new literary culture largely had to do with their relationship to the Parisian elite—the aristocratic ladies and gentlemen who, in the generation following the Wars of Religion, resettled in the capital, thus transforming urban culture according to their new tastes, values, and interests. The chapter briefly looks at the physical and demographic transformation of the city in this period and then proceeds to examine the myriad relationships between writers and aristocrats, both individually and collectively. It emphasizes in particular patronage, and also the importance of appealing to women as fundamental to this culture. It ends with a consideration of the “invention” of honnêteté as a code of behavior and values that writers fashioned out of various sources in service to their aristocratic betters.
A Culture of Discretion
Authors: Schneider Robert A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the range of ways, mostly in terms of language and public expression, the cultural regime of this period was governed by pronounced notions of discretion, guardedness, self-censorship, dissimulation, and even duplicity. Much evidence is offered to demonstrate this claim, with specific examples drawn from various texts and through notable events. The chapter also attempts to explain why this “culture of discretion” emerged in this period, referring in particular to the lessons learned from the Wars of Religion, which were retrospectively blamed (in part) on the excessive volubility and license that prevailed, especially with regard to religious matters.
Richelieu and Writers
Authors: Schneider Robert A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The first part of this chapter deals with the founding of the Académie française. It argues against the traditional image of this institution as Richelieu’s creation and as the embodiment of “cultural absolutism,” instead strenuously asserting that it was more a matter of a movement already afoot among a generation of writers, which Richelieu then co-opted. The second part of the chapter presents a “gallery” of writers and their relationship with Richelieu: some were intimates, some served him with their erudition, some offered him panegyric texts, some served his interests while challenging orthodox thinking, some resisted his vehement efforts to secure their services. In almost every case, these writers and intellectuals brought their own perspectives and interests to the position, suggesting that in some respects, they were using the cardinal as much as he was using them.
The Rambouillet Salon
Authors: Schneider Robert A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the famous Rambouillet salon, the most important gathering spot for aristocrats—both men and women—and writers in the early decades of the seventeenth century. Presided over by the Marquise de Rambouillet and, especially, her daughter Julie, this institution was deliberately conceived as a refuge from the royal court, which was considered by many as lacking in refinement and politesse. It fostered intense interactions between a privileged and cultivated Parisian elite and up-and-coming writers. Indeed, for the latter, the salon was their primary “public.” The chapter looks particularly at several aspects of these interactions, from theatrical productions and literary pastimes to several textual representations. As a premier locus of “retreat,” the salon affords a particularly revealing example of how this ethos informed the cultural dynamics of the day.
‘The machine man of 1925’
Authors: Saunders Max 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter moves beyond the human sciences, to develop the exploration (launched in the Introductions and Chapter 1) of the re-imagining of human nature and potentiality. It investigates the representation of the machine in the series, contrasting the volumes concerned with the dehumanizing effects of mechanized mass production with those taking a more nuanced and original line, arguing that the machine liberates human thought and creativity (a topic of evident relevance to today’s discussions of human-computer interaction and AI). It argues that To-Day and To-Morrow’s presentation of technology as prosthesis offers a more benign vision of mechanized futurity than the ‘prosthetic modernism’ of writers like Marinetti and Wyndham Lewis. H. Stafford Hatfield’s Automaton: or, The Future of the Mechanical Man (1928) is examined for the way in which it floats the possibility of a ‘mechanical brain’, yet is indicative of a general inability to predict the imminent electronic computer—thus raising a question of the limits of prediction in relation to thought-paradigms. A line is suggested from the series’ running together of technology, media and psychology, to the development of media studies, especially as articulated by Marshall McLuhan.
To-Day and To-Morrow, Literature, and Modernism
Authors: Saunders Max 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter investigates the two-way traffic between To-Day and To-Morrow and modern literature and the arts. The preliminary section considers three outstanding volumes: Scheherazade; or, The Future of the English Novel (1927) by ‘John Carruthers’; Geoffrey West’s Deucalion; or, The Future of Literary Criticism (1930), which contrasts John Middleton Murry with I. A. Richards; and John Rodker’s The Future of Futurism (1926), which discusses Anglo-American literature. It argues that the series’ largely undervalues modernism, and barely attends to the visual arts or to modern music. It surveys the volumes dealing with English, poetry, drama, music, and censorship. The major section is devoted to other ways in which the series is relevant to modern and modernist literature, looking at how other writers responded to it. It turns out the series was followed by a surprising number of important literary figures. The key case studies here are Robert Graves, Aldous Huxley, Joyce, Eliot, Lewis; and Waugh.
Predictably Misleading Evidence
Authors: Horowitz Sophie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Evidence can be misleading: it can rationalize raising one’s confidence in false propositions, and lowering one’s confidence in the truth. But can a rational agent know that her total evidence supports a (particular) falsehood? It seems not: if we could see ahead of time that our evidence supported a false belief, then we could avoid believing what our evidence supported, and hence avoid being misled. So, it seems, evidence cannot be predictably misleading. This chapter develops a new problem for higher-order evidence: it is predictably misleading. It then examines a radical strategy for explaining higher-order evidence, according to which there are two distinct epistemic norms at work in the relevant cases. Finally, the chapter suggests that mainstream accounts of higher-order evidence may be able to answer the challenge after all. But to do so, they must deny that epistemic rationality requires believing what is likely given one’s evidence.
Higher-Order Defeat and Evincibility
Authors: Lasonen-Aarnio Maria 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Does ‘higher-order evidence’ that one’s belief is rationally flawed defeat its status as rational (as justified, as knowledge)? Such a view is committed to two claims. First, it is possible to acquire misleading evidence about the normative status of one’s doxastic states. Second, such evidence has defeating force with respect to the belief. My aim is to do two things. First, I outline a view I call normative evincibility, according to which one always has a kind of epistemic access to the normative status of one’s doxastic states (intentions, actions, etc.). I show how commitment to higher-order defeat incurs a commitment to a form of normative evincibility. Second, I argue that the idea that it is possible to acquire misleading evidence about the normative status of one’s doxastic states is in tension with evincibility. Hence, there is a deep tension inherent in views committed to defeat by higher-order evidence.
The Puzzles of Easy Knowledge and of Higher-Order Evidence
Authors: Neta Ram 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to provide a unified solution to two widely discussed epistemological puzzles: the puzzle of easy knowledge and the puzzle of higher-order evidence. The chapter begins by setting out each of these two puzzles. It then briefly surveys some of the proposed solutions to each puzzle, none of which generalizes to the other. Finally, the chapter argues that the two puzzles arise because of a widespread confusion concerning the relation of substantive and structural constraints of rationality: or, in the epistemic domain, the relation of evidence and coherence. Clearing up this confusion allows us to clear up both puzzles at once.
Higher-Order Defeat and the Impossibility of Self-Misleading Evidence
Authors: Skipper Mattias 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTwo attractive theses about epistemic rationality—evidentialism and the enkratic principle—jointly imply that a certain sort of self-misleading evidence is impossible. That is to say, if evidentialism and the enkratic principle are both true, one’s evidence cannot support certain false beliefs about what one’s evidence supports. Recently, some epistemologists have argued that self-misleading evidence is possible, since misleading higher-order evidence doesn’t have the strong defeating force needed to rule out this possibility. The goal of this chapter is to offer an account of higher-order defeat that does indeed render self-misleading evidence impossible. Central to the account is the idea that higher-order evidence acquires its normative significance by influencing which conditional beliefs it’s rational to have. What emerges is an independently plausible view of higher-order evidence that allows us to reconcile evidentialism and the enkratic principle.
Higher-Order Defeat and Doxastic Resilience
Authors: Steglich-Petersen Asbjørn 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It seems obvious that when higher-order evidence makes it rational for one to doubt that one’s own belief on some matter is rational, this can undermine the rationality of that belief. This is known as higher-order defeat. However, despite its intuitive plausibility, it has proved puzzling how higher-order defeat works, exactly. For example, higher-order defeat seems to defy being understood in terms of conditionalization; and higher-order defeat can sometimes place agents in what seem like epistemic dilemmas. This chapter seeks to make progress on these issues by drawing attention to an overlooked aspect of higher-order defeat, namely that it can undermine the resilience of one’s beliefs. The notion of resilience was originally devised to understand how one should reflect the ‘weight’ of one’s evidence. But it can also be applied to understand how one should reflect one’s higher-order evidence.
Almost Heirs
Authors: Seal Samantha Katz 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Chapter 5 approaches the obstacle that daughters posed to male reproductive authority. Daughters, in their limited resemblance to their fathers, became an embodiment of “unlikeness,” terrifying doubles of men who could neither disown them, marry them, nor accept them fully as their heirs. Analyzing the Man of Law’s Tale, this chapter argues that Chaucer’s heroine, Custance, moves through the consequences of her own unlikeness, as the men and women around her are challenged to improve their capacity for perception. It is only when Custance has a son of her own that she can finally be recognized by father and husband alike, and therefore reintegrated into her own lineage. Analogy thus becomes the dominant intellectual desire within this story, replacing the longing for certainty that was tied to men’s production of sons. The chapter concludes by noting that the Man of Law himself claims that while he cannot serve as Chaucer’s heir, perhaps he could serve as an analogous reminder of his poetic talent.
Beneath Every History, Another History
Authors: O'Driscoll Cian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRaising the issue of victory among contemporary just war scholars provokes consternation. The first reason for this is the belief that victory has never been a part of our brief. Even those scholars who have advocated for the extension of the just war framework to incorporate discrete jus post bellum and jus ex bello domains have assumed as their premise the claim that just war theorists have historically discounted victory as a primary object of analysis. This chapter contests this claim. Courtesy of a detailed engagement with the writings of Saint Augustine, it will reveal that, far from being neglected, victory was a central concern in the formative texts of the just war tradition. Indeed, it will show how victory featured in Augustine’s writings as the foil that brought the tragic dimensions of his vision of just war to light.
The Disease of Victory
Authors: O'Driscoll Cian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe final problem just war theorists perceive with victory reflects the belief that to speak about war in terms of victory is to court an escalatory logic that undercuts the spirit of moderation that the just war tradition champions. The pursuit of victory inclines armies to set the rules aside and fight in an unrestrained manner. Turning this concern on its head, this chapter contends that while it is true that the idiom of victory tempts an escalatory logic, so too does the idea of just war. This is demonstrated by the writings of two leading contemporary just war theorists: Michael Walzer and Jeff McMahan. The conclusion arising from this is not necessarily that we should back away from speaking about either victory or just war. It is, however, a reminder of both what is staked when we do engage them, and why they must always be approached with circumspection.
An Invitation to Computational Homotopy
Authors: Ellis Graham 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis book is an introduction to elementary algebraic topology for students with an interest in computers and computer programming. Its aim is to illustrate how the basics of the subject can be implemented on a computer. The transition from basic theory to practical computation raises a range of non-trivial algorithmic issues and it is hoped that the treatment of these will also appeal to readers already familiar with basic theory who are interested in developing computational aspects. The book covers a subset of standard introductory material on fundamental groups, covering spaces, homology, cohomology and classifying spaces as well as some less standard material on crossed modules, homotopy 2- types and explicit resolutions for an eclectic selection of discrete groups. It attempts to cover these topics in a way that hints at potential applications of topology in areas of computer science and engineering outside the usual territory of pure mathematics, and also in a way that demonstrates how computers can be used to perform explicit calculations within the domain of pure algebraic topology itself. The initial chapters include examples from data mining, biology and digital image analysis, while the later chapters cover a range of computational examples on the cohomology of classifying spaces that are likely beyond the reach of a purely paper-and-pen approach to the subject. The applied examples in the initial chapters use only low-dimensional and mainly abelian topological tools. Our applications of higher dimensional and less abelian computational methods are currently confined to pure mathematical calculations. The approach taken to computational homotopy is very much based on J.H.C. Whitehead’s theory of combinatorial homotopy in which he introduced the fundamental notions of CW-space, simple homotopy equivalence and crossed module. The book should serve as a self-contained informal introduction to these topics and their computer implementation. It is written in a style that tries to lead as quickly as possible to a range of potentially useful machine computations.
Cohomological Group Theory
Authors: Ellis Graham 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis chapter introduces some of the basic ingredients of cohomological group theory and describes datatypes and algorithms for implementing them on a computer. These are illustrated using computer examples involving: explicit cocycles, classification of abelian and nonabelian group extensions, crossed modules, crossed extensions, five-term exact sequences, Hopf’s formula, Bogomolov multipliers, relative central extensions, nonabelian tensor products of groups, and cocyclic Hadamard matrices.
Introduction
Authors: Machado Carlos 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Scholars have traditionally approached the history of Rome in late antiquity as a metaphor for the fate of the empire and the ancient world, focusing on the distancing of the imperial court or on the growing importance of the Christian church. However, as this introduction argues, it is by focusing on the Roman aristocracy and its relationship with the city and its spaces that we can form a comprehensive understanding of the physical and historical developments that redefined Rome during this period. After providing a brief overview of the developments that shaped the city and its elite, between the end of the third and the beginning of the sixth century, the introduction discusses the nature of the evidence available, as well as the approach adopted in the book.
Aristocrats, Imperial Institutions, and the Topography of Power
Authors: Machado Carlos 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter analyses the ways in which the series of administrative reforms aimed at increasing imperial control over Rome between the late third and early fourth centuries led to an unprecedented involvement of members of the senatorial aristocracy in the life of the city and its inhabitants. By focusing on two main issues, the creation of the new urban prefecture as main administrative and judicial department in the city and the reorganization of the annona, the imperial service of food distributions, the chapter examines the reconfiguration of the political and administrative map of the city, and how this process consolidated the hold of the local elite over its fellow citizens.
The Redefinition of Religious Life
Authors: Machado Carlos 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines how the religious transformation that redefined Rome’s identify and social life were incorporated into the socio-political and cultural strategies of the Roman aristocracy. It analyses the involvement of members of the city elite in religious life and institutions, as pagan priests, imperial officials, and private patrons. As the chapter shows, during this period male and female aristocrats played an assertive role in religious life, sponsoring cults, buildings, supporting Christian factions, and promoting their own beliefs and values. Rather than looking at the traditional divide between pagans and Christians, the chapter considers different religious traditions together, analysing them as a crucial element in the relationship between powerful Romans, their city, and their fellow citizens.