bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Microfluidic Platforms Applied in Cancer Metastasis: Circulating Tumor Cells' (CTCs) Isolation and Tumor‐On‐A‐Chip
Authors: Lin Zhengjie , Luo Guanyi , Du Weixiang , Kong Tiantian , Liu Changkun , Liu Zhou 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide despite the enormous efforts that are made in the development of cancer biology and anticancer therapeutic treatment. Furthermore, recent studies in oncology have focused on the complex cancer metastatic process as metastatic disease contributes to more than 90% of tumor‐related death. In the metastatic process, isolation and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a vital role in diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients at an early stage. To obtain relevant information on cancer metastasis and progression from CTCs, reliable approaches are required for CTC detection and isolation. Additionally, experimental platforms mimicking the tumor microenvironment in vitro give a better understanding of the metastatic microenvironment and antimetastatic drugs' screening. With the advancement of microfabrication and rapid prototyping, microfluidic techniques are now increasingly being exploited to study cancer metastasis as they allow precise control of fluids in small volume and rapid sample processing at relatively low cost and with high sensitivity. Recent advancements in microfluidic platforms utilized in various methods for CTCs' isolation and tumor models recapitulating the metastatic microenvironment (tumor‐on‐a‐chip) are comprehensively reviewed. Future perspectives on microfluidics for cancer metastasis are proposed.
Systematic literature review and empirical investigation of motivators for requirements change management process in global software development
Authors: Khan Arif Ali , Akbar Muhammad Azeem 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMost software development firms have adopted the concepts of global software development (GSD) to develop high‐quality and low‐cost products. However, GSD is not a straightforward process. It is associated with many challenges that are mostly related to requirements change management (RCM). In this study, we explore the motivators that contribute to managing RCM activities in the GSD environment. We extracted a total of 25 motivators using the systematic literature review (SLR) approach and conducted a survey study to empirically evaluate the findings of the SLR. The results of the applied Spearman's statistical test show that the findings of the SLR and survey study had a positive moderate correlation (rs(25) = 0.566). We further analyzed the reported motivators according to organization size. Finally, we developed taxonomies of the identified motivators based on the framework proposed by Ramasubbu and the project management body of knowledge. We believe that the taxonomies provide a robust framework for tackling the challenges of RCM, which is significant for the success and evolution of GSD firms.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate‐Modified Thermoplastic Starch Materials Prepared with the Assistance of Supercritical CO2
Authors: Mi Si‐yu , Sun Liang‐shuang , Runt James , Kuo Mu‐chen , Huang Kuo‐shien , Yeh Jen‐taut 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper describes sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP)‐modified thermoplastic starch (TPS) resins (scCO2TPS100SHMPx) gelatinized and/or modified with the aid of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). TPS and scCO2TPS100SHMPxexhibit considerably higher melt flow rates, moisture resistance, and initial and retention tensile strength values than TPS and TPS100SHMPxprepared using conventional atmospheric pressure. Only Vh‐type crystals are found in conditioned scCO2TPS100SHMPx, which show significantly lower melting temperatures (≈19 °C) than the corresponding conditioned TPS100SHMPx. Relative to TPS100SHMPx, conditioned scCO2TPS100SHMPxshow a weaker hydrogen bonding network among the hydroxyl groups in the amylopectin chains and considerably less retrogradation. The loosely hydrogen‐bonded hydroxyl groups found in conditioned scCO2TPS100SHMPxcan be replaced with stronger hydrogen bonds involving the phosphate groups of SHMP through the proper modification of scCO2TPS100SHMPx.
Typification of plant names published by Giovanni Casaretto based on specimens collected in Brazil and Uruguay
Authors: Delprete Piero G. , Baldini Riccardo M. , Fumeaux Nicolas , Guglielmone Laura 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGiovanni Casaretto (1810–1879) was appointed by King Charles Albert of Savoy‐Carignano, Kingdom of Sardinia, as the botanist and mineralogist of a planned circumnavigation of the globe. After collecting in a few localities in southern Brazil and Uruguay, Casaretto collected for almost nine months, from April to December 1839, in Rio de Janeiro and its vicinity. While in Rio, he also bought about 100 collections from Riedel and about 500 collections from Clausen, which were made in the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Minas Gerais, which he re‐numbered and integrated into his collections. He also made significant collections in the state of Bahia, and a few collections in and around Recife (Pernambuco). Based on the preceding collections, Casaretto published a total of 101 names (in 36 plant families, delimited according to APG III), of which, according to the present study, 27 names are currently accepted, 12 serve as basionyms for currently accepted names, 7 are illegitimate due to superfluity, and 55 are heterotypic synonyms of previously published names. All the 101 names of Casaretto are hereby typified, and Eugenia casarettoana Delprete is here proposed as a substitute name for an illegitimate later homonym. In addition, a lectotype and an epitype for Couratari estrellensis Raddi are here designated.
Advances in Doppler optical coherence tomography and angiography
Authors: Li Yan , Chen Jason , Chen Zhongping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSince the first demonstration of Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 1997, several functional extensions of Doppler OCT have been developed, including velocimetry, angiogram, and optical coherence elastography. These functional techniques have been widely used in research and clinical applications, particularly in ophthalmology. Here, we review the principles, representative methods, and applications of different Doppler OCT techniques, followed by discussion on the innovations, limitations, and future directions of each of these techniques.
Machine learning and artificial neural network accelerated computational discoveries in materials science
Authors: Hong Yang , Hou Bo , Jiang Hengle , Zhang Jingchao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has been referred to as the “fourth paradigm of science,” and as part of a coherent toolbox of data‐driven approaches, machine learning (ML) dramatically accelerates the computational discoveries. As the machinery for ML algorithms matures, significant advances have been made not only by the mainstream AI researchers, but also those work in computational materials science. The number of ML and artificial neural network (ANN) applications in the computational materials science is growing at an astounding rate. This perspective briefly reviews the state‐of‐the‐art progress in some supervised and unsupervised methods with their respective applications. The characteristics of primary ML and ANN algorithms are first described. Then, the most critical applications of AI in computational materials science such as empirical interatomic potential development, ML‐based potential, property predictions, and molecular discoveries using generative adversarial networks (GAN) are comprehensively reviewed. The central ideas underlying these ML applications are discussed, and future directions for integrating ML with computational materials science are given. Finally, a discussion on the applicability and limitations of current ML techniques and the remaining challenges are summarized.This article is categorized under:
Computer and Information Science > Chemoinformatics.
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science.
Computer and Information Science > Computer Algorithms and Programming.
Software > Molecular Modeling.
Interrogating chemical mechanisms in natural products biosynthesis using quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Tantillo Dean J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractQuantum chemical methods are useful for probing the energetic viability of chemical mechanisms involved in natural product biosynthesis. Typical computational approaches are described and representative examples of mechanistic studies on radical, pericyclic, and carbocation rearrangement reactions that lead to polycyclic skeletons of complex natural products showcase the utility of such methods in providing understanding and shaping future experimental studies. The importance of inherent substrate reactivity is highlighted and cautions for interpreting computational results are discussed.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and Kinetics
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
A critical look: Challenges in differentiating human pluripotent stem cells into desired cell types and organoids
Authors: Fowler Jonas L. , Ang Lay Teng , Loh Kyle M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractToo many choices can be problematic. This is certainly the case for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs): they harbor the potential to differentiate into hundreds of cell types; yet it is highly challenging to exclusively differentiate hPSCs into a single desired cell type. This review focuses on unresolved and fundamental questions regarding hPSC differentiation and critiquing the identity and purity of the resultant cell populations. These are timely issues in view of the fact that hPSC‐derived cell populations have or are being transplanted into patients in over 30 ongoing clinical trials. While many in vitro differentiation protocols purport to “mimic development,” the exact number and identity of intermediate steps that a pluripotent cell takes to differentiate into a given cell type in vivo remains largely unknown. Consequently, most differentiation efforts inevitably generate a heterogeneous cellular population, as revealed by single‐cell RNA‐sequencing and other analyses. The presence of unwanted cell types in differentiated hPSC populations does not portend well for transplantation therapies. This provides an impetus to precisely control differentiation to desired ends—for instance, by logically blocking the formation of unwanted cell types or by overexpressing lineage‐specifying transcription factors—or by harnessing technologies to selectively purify desired cell types. Conversely, approaches to differentiate three‐dimensional “organoids” from hPSCs intentionally generate heterogeneous cell populations. While this is intended to mimic the rich cellular diversity of developing tissues, whether all such organoids are spatially organized in a manner akin to native organs (and thus, whether they fully qualify as organoids) remains to be fully resolved.This article is categorized under:
Adult Stem Cells > Tissue Renewal > Regeneration: Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion
Gene Expression > Transcriptional Hierarchies: Cellular Differentiation
Early Embryonic Development: Gastrulation and Neurulation
On volume subregion complexity in Vaidya spacetime
Authors: Auzzi Roberto , Nardelli Giuseppe , Schaposnik Massolo Fidel I. , Tallarita Gianni , Zenoni Nicolò 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We study holographic subregion volume complexity for a line segment in the AdS3 Vaidya geometry. On the field theory side, this gravity background corresponds to a sudden quench which leads to the thermalization of the strongly-coupled dual conformal field theory. We find the time-dependent extremal volume surface by numerically solving a partial differential equation with boundary condition given by the Hubeny-Rangamani- Takayanagi surface, and we use this solution to compute holographic subregion complexity as a function of time. Approximate analytical expressions valid at early and at late times are derived.
Structural basis of homologous recombination
Authors: Sun Yueru , McCorvie Thomas J. , Yates Luke A. , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHomologous recombination (HR) is a pathway to faithfully repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). At the core of this pathway is a DNA recombinase, which, as a nucleoprotein filament on ssDNA, pairs with homologous DNA as a template to repair the damaged site. In eukaryotes Rad51 is the recombinase capable of carrying out essential steps including strand invasion, homology search on the sister chromatid and strand exchange. Importantly, a tightly regulated process involving many protein factors has evolved to ensure proper localisation of this DNA repair machinery and its correct timing within the cell cycle. Dysregulation of any of the proteins involved can result in unchecked DNA damage, leading to uncontrolled cell division and cancer. Indeed, many are tumour suppressors and are key targets in the development of new cancer therapies. Over the past 40 years, our structural and mechanistic understanding of homologous recombination has steadily increased with notable recent advancements due to the advances in single particle cryo electron microscopy. These have resulted in higher resolution structural models of the signalling proteins ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated), and ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein), along with various structures of Rad51. However, structural information of the other major players involved, such as BRCA1 (breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein) and BRCA2 (breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein), has been limited to crystal structures of isolated domains and low-resolution electron microscopy reconstructions of the full-length proteins. Here we summarise the current structural understanding of homologous recombination, focusing on key proteins in recruitment and signalling events as well as the mediators for the Rad51 recombinase.
The effect of heat treatment on thermal conductivity of paulownia wood
Authors: Pásztory Z. , Fehér S. , Börcsök Z. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe thermal conductivity properties of wood of Paulownia Clones in Vitro 112 were investigated after heat treatment at temperatures of 180 °C, 200 °C and 220 °C. After the treatment, the density decreased by 5.6, 8.9, and 14.1% for the samples heat-treated at 180 °C, 200 °C and 220 °C, respectively. The decrease in the thermal conductivity was 0, 2.6 and 15.7%, respectively. The thermal conductivity of kiri wood after thermal treatment at 220 °C was 0.064 W/mK, which is almost the same as that of thermal insulation materials.
Suicide attempt following sickness absence and disability pension due to common mental disorders: a prospective Swedish twin study
Authors: Wang M. , Mather L. , Svedberg P. , Mittendorfer-Rutz E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate if sickness absence and disability pension (SA/DP) in general and due to specific common mental disorders (CMDs) are associated with subsequent suicide attempt among women and men by taking familial factors (genetics and shared environment) into consideration.

Methods
This register-based cohort study includes 4871 twin pairs 18–65 years of age discordant for SA/DP due to CMDs 2005–2010. Twins were followed up for suicide attempt from inpatient and specialised outpatient care until December 2012. Conditional Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusting for familial factors, were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
SA/DP due to CMDs was associated with a higher risk of suicide attempt (HR 3.14, CI 2.51–3.93). The risk of suicide attempt was five times higher among men and three times higher among women, compared to the SA/DP unaffected co-twins. In the diagnosis-specific analysis, SA/DP due to anxiety disorders resulted in the highest HR (4.09, CI 2.37–7.06) for suicide attempt, followed by depressive disorders (HR 3.70, CI 2.66–5.14) and stress-related disorders (HR 1.96, CI 1.35–2.84). The stratified analysis on zygosity indicates that there seems to be a genetic influence on the associations between SA/DP due to CMDs and suicide attempt, particularly among women and among those with SA/DP due to depressive disorders.

Conclusions
SA/DP due to CMDs was a risk factor for suicide attempt among women and men. Genetic factors might explain part of the associations for women and for those with SA/DP due to depressive disorders.
Inertial and Hodge–Tate weights of crystalline representations
Authors: Bartlett Robin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLet K be an unramified extension of $${\mathbb {Q}}_p$$Qp and $$\rho :G_K \rightarrow {\text {GL}}_n(\overline{{\mathbb {Z}}}_p)$$ρ:GK→GLn(Z¯p) a crystalline representation. If the Hodge–Tate weights of $$\rho $$ρ differ by at most p then we show that these weights are contained in a natural collection of weights depending only on the restriction to inertia of $${\overline{\rho }} = \rho \otimes _{\overline{{\mathbb {Z}}}_p} \overline{{\mathbb {F}}}_p$$ρ¯=ρ⊗Z¯pF¯p. Our methods involve the study of a full subcategory of p-torsion Breuil–Kisin modules which we view as extending Fontaine–Laffaille theory to filtrations of length p.
A Saccharomyces paradox: chromosomes from different species are incompatible because of anti-recombination, not because of differences in number or arrangement
Authors: Ono Jasmine , Greig Duncan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMany species are able to hybridize, but the sterility of these hybrids effectively prevents gene flow between the species, reproductively isolating them and allowing them to evolve independently. Yeast hybrids formed bySaccharomyces cerevisiaeandSaccharomyces paradoxusparents are viable and able to grow by mitosis, but they are sexually sterile because most of the gametes they make by meiosis are inviable. The genomes of these two species are so diverged that they cannot recombine properly during meiosis, so they fail to segregate efficiently. Thus most hybrid gametes are inviable because they lack essential chromosomes. Recent work shows that chromosome mis-segregation explains nearly all observed hybrid sterility—genetic incompatibilities have only a small sterilising effect, and there are no significant sterilising incompatibilities in chromosome arrangement or number between the species. It is interesting that chromosomes from these species have diverged so much in sequence without changing in configuration, even though large chromosomal changes occur quite frequently, and sometimes beneficially, in evolving yeast populations.
The synthetic versatility of the Tiffeneau–Demjanov chemistry in homologation tactics
Authors: Kohlbacher Stefan M. , Ionasz Vivien-Sandra , Ielo Laura , Pace Vittorio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement can be regarded as an interesting alternative to the more common semi-pinacol transposition. It is usually employed for ring extension but, under specific conditions, it can also be used for ring contraction. Compared to other techniques, such as the Demjanov rearrangement or homologations with diazo compounds, the Tiffeneau–Demjanov pathway presents attractive features including high yielding and selective processes. Ring enlargements follow very strict and simple rules, such as the movement of the less substituted carbon and retention of the configuration. The rearrangement process is mainly affected by steric factors, due to presence of neighbouring groups, rather than electronic ones. The ring contraction may be achieved positioning the amine within the ring, thus achieving a high level of control. Unfortunately, applications of the reaction in modern homologation chemistry are rare; therefore, the aim of the review is re-proposing to the synthetic community the versatility of this venerable reaction and thus, spurring its employment for tackling challenging homologations processes.

Graphic abstract
Differential Mueller matrix imaging of partially depolarizing optically anisotropic biological tissues
Authors: Trifonyuk L. , Sdobnov A. , Baranowski W. , Ushenko V. , Olar O. , Dubolazov A. , Pidkamin L. , Sidor M. , Vanchuliak O. , Motrich A. , Gorsky M. , Meglinski I. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSince recently, a number of innovative polarization-based optical imaging modalities have been introduced and extensively used in various biomedical applications, with an ultimate aim to attain the practical tool for the optical biopsy and functional characterization of biological tissues. The techniques utilize polarization properties of light and Mueller matrix mapping of microscopic images of histological sections of biological tissues or polycrystalline films of biological fluids. The main drawback of currently developed laser polarimetry approaches and Mueller matrix mapping techniques is poor reproducibility of experimental data. This is due to azimuthal dependence of polarization and ellipticity values of most matrix elements to sample orientation in respect to incidence light polarization. Current study aims to generalize the methods of laser polarimetry for diagnosis of partially depolarizing optically anisotropic biological tissues. A method of differential Mueller matrix mapping for reconstruction of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism parameter distributions of partially depolarizing layers of biological tissues of different morphological structure is introduced and practically implemented. The coordinate distributions of the value of the first-order differential matrix elements of histological sections of brain tissue with spatially structured, optically anisotropic fibrillar network, as well as of parenchymatous tissue of the rectum wall with an “islet” polycrystalline structure are determined. Within the statistical analysis of polarization reproduced distributions of the averaged parameters of phase and amplitude anisotropy, the significant sensitivity of the statistical moments of the third and fourth orders to changes in the polycrystalline structure of partially depolarizing layers of biological tissue is observed. The differentiation of female reproductive sphere connective tissue is realized with excellent accuracy. The differential Mueller matrix mapping method for reconstruction of distributions of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism parameters of partially depolarizing layers of biological tissues of different morphological structures is proposed and substantiated. Differential diagnostics of changes in the phase (good balanced accuracy) and amplitude (excellent balanced accuracy) of the anisotropy of the partially depolarizing layers of the vagina wall tissue with prolapse of the genitals is realized. The maximum diagnostic efficiency of the first-order differential matrix method was demonstrated in comparison with the traditional methods of polarization and Mueller matrix mapping of histological sections of light-scattering biological tissues.