bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ministerialverwaltung und Interessengruppen – Neues und Vergessenes zu einem alten Thema
Authors: Döhler Marian 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Bundesministerien nehmen bei der Initiierung und Formulierung politischer Vorhaben der Bundesregierung eine zentrale Rolle ein. Dies wirft immer wieder die Frage nach dem Einfluss organisierter Interessen auf. In der medialen Berichterstattung, aber auch in der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion wird die Antwort zumeist unter dem Stichwort „Lobbyismus“ gesucht. Die Ministerialverwaltung erscheint dabei überwiegend als passiver Adressat externer Einflussbestrebungen. Dieser Sichtweise soll mit Hilfe einer drei Dimensionen umfassenden Analyse entgegengetreten werden. Die Ausgangsthese lautet, dass die Ministerialverwaltung zu strategischer Interaktion befähigt ist, was zunächst auf der Makroebene der Beziehungen zwischen Staat und organisierten Interessen illustriert wird. Daran anschließend wird zweitens der Einfluss von Organisation und Arbeitsweise der Ministerialverwaltung auf die Beziehungen zu Verbänden untersucht. Die dritte Dimension schließlich gilt den Einstellungen der Ministerialverwaltung im Umgang mit organisierten Interessen. Im Ergebnis ist festzustellen, dass die Interaktionen zwischen beiden Seiten deutlich über die Automatismen der Interessendurchsetzung hinausgehen, wie sie im Lobbyismus-Konzept unterstellt werden.
Effect of Icariside II and Metformin on Penile Erectile Function, Histological Structure, Mitochondrial Autophagy, Glucose-Lipid Metabolism, Angiotensin II and Sex Hormone in Type 2 Diabetic Rats With Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Zhang Jian , Li Shuang , Zhang Shiqing , Wang Yonghui , Jin Shipeng , Zhao Chunli , Yang Wenzeng , Liu Yuexin , Kong Guangqi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction (T2DMED) is one of the common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Icariside II (ICA II), a flavonoid derived from Epimedium, has been shown to improve erectile function in T2DMED rats.

Aim
To investigate the effect of ICA II and metformin (MET) on penile erectile function, mitochondrial autophagy, glucose-lipid metabolism in rats with T2DMED.

Methods
In the control and T2DMED groups, rats were administered normal saline. In the MET group, rats were administered MET for 0.2 g/kg/day. In the ICA II+MET group, rats were administered ICA II for 10 mg/kg/day and MET for 0.2 g/kg/day.

Results
The number of mating rats, number of erectile rats, erection rate, erection frequency, intracorneal pressure, and intracorneal pressure/mean arterial pressure in the ICA II+MET group and control group were significantly higher than corresponding values in than T2DMED group. The absolute values of fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin in the ICA II+MET group, MET group, and control group were significantly lower than in the T2DMED group. The advanced glycation end product (AGE) values in the ICA II+MET group and the MET group were lower than in the T2DMED group. The receptors for the AGE values and angiotensin II values in the ICA II+MET group were lower than in the T2DMED and MET groups. The high-density lipoprotein values, testosterone values, nitric oxide synthase activity, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate content in the ICA II+MET and control groups were higher than in the T2DMED group. The low-density lipoprotein values, triglyceride values, estradiol values, and total cholesterol values in the ICA II+MET and control groups were lower than in the T2DMED group.

Conclusion
ICA II could increase erectile function and smooth muscle cell/collagen fibril proportions, decreased mitochondrial autophagy, and AGE concentrations and improve lipid metabolism, nitric oxide synthase activity, cyclic guanosine monophosphate content, testosterone, estradiol, and Ang II in rat with T2DMED.
Surgical site infection among patients with Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage
Authors: Mohammed Ayad Ahmad , Hussein Nawfal R. , Arif Sardar Hassan , Daniel Shameran 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:

Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is an invasive bacterium that may lead to both hospital and community acquired infection. SA may reside in the nose and may act as an endogenous source of surgical site infection (SSI). The emergence of resistant strains of SA complicates infection.

Objectives:
In this study we studied the relation between surgical site infection and nasal carriage of Staphylococcus Aureus.

Methods:
This is a prospective study that was done in the surgical words in two surgical centers in Duhok city. A total number of 257 patients were included in this study. Nasal swabs were taken from patients who underwent various surgical procedures, and were sent for bacteriological examination to detect the staphylococcal carriage status for each patient.

Results:
Clean surgeries were the commonest (61.1%) and elective surgeries comprised (92.2%). About 38% were nasal carriers for SA and 18.7% developed SSI. The most common bacteria isolated form infected wounds were Klebsiella (3.9%), in 7% no bacteria were cultured despite the signs of infection. We detected a significant correlation between wound infection and the duration of the hospital stay (P value 0.030), and with some types of operations such as hernias, hepatobiliary-pancreatic, and upper gastrointestinal tract surgeries (P values 0.017, 0.024, and 0.049) respectively.

Conclusion:
There is no increased incidence of SSI in nasal carriers of SA. Treatment of nasal carrier with topical bactericidal agent is still recommended in high risk patient, but extended use of antibiotics is not required. Guidelines should be followed to reduce SSI and the duration of hospital stay should be reduced to minimum.

Highlights:
From Collaboration to Partnership at Pojoaque, New Mexico
Authors: Bernstein Bruce , Ortman Scott G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor the past six years, the Pueblo of Pojoaque and University of Colorado Boulder have been working together to investigate ancestral sites on and adjacent to Pojoaque land. Through our partnership, we believe we have learned some important lessons about the potential of archaeology for tribal communities, how archaeologists and tribal members can work together as coinvestigators, how such partnerships improve archaeological practice, and how the incorporation of traditional knowledge leads to better archaeology in both its humanistic and scientific dimensions. In addition, we believe it is a more sustainable and ethical model to engage the cultures in which archaeologists work. In this article, we share the story of our partnership, consider how it relates to existing perspectives on archaeology and Native communities, present a few results from our work at the ancestral site of K'uuyemugeh, and offer some reflections on our efforts to put a partnership model into practice.
The role of data and safety monitoring boards in implementation trials: When are they justified?
Authors: Fiscella Kevin , Sanders Mechelle , Holder Tameir , Carroll Jennifer K. , Luque Amneris , Cassells Andrea , Johnson Brent A. , Williams Stephen K. , Tobin Jonathan N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe National Institutes of Health requires data and safety monitoring boards (DSMBs) for all phase III clinical trials. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute requires DSMBs for all clinical trials involving more than one site and those involving cooperative agreements and contracts. These policies have resulted in the establishment of DSMBs for many implementation trials, with little consideration regarding the appropriateness of DSMBs and/or key adaptations needed by DSMBs to monitor data quality and participant safety. In this perspective, we review the unique features of implementation trials and reflect on key questions regarding the justification for DSMBs and their potential role and monitoring targets within implementation trials.
Bridging the gap between research, policy, and practice: Lessons learned from academic–public partnerships in the CTSA network
Authors: Towfighi Amytis , Orechwa Allison Zumberge , Aragón Tomás J. , Atkins Marc , Brown Arleen F. , Brown Jen , Carrasquillo Olveen , Carson Savanna , Fleisher Paula , Gustafson Erika , Herman Deborah K. , Inkelas Moira , Liu Wylie , Meeker Daniella , Mehta Tara , Miller Doriane C. , Paul-Brutus Rachelle , Potter Michael B. , Ritner Sarah S. , Rodriguez Brendaly , Rusch Dana , Skinner Anne , Yee Hal F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA primary barrier to translation of clinical research discoveries into care delivery and population health is the lack of sustainable infrastructure bringing researchers, policymakers, practitioners, and communities together to reduce silos in knowledge and action. As National Institutes of Healthʼs (NIH) mechanism to advance translational research, Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) awardees are uniquely positioned to bridge this gap. Delivering on this promise requires sustained collaboration and alignment between research institutions and public health and healthcare programs and services. We describe the collaboration of seven CTSA hubs with city, county, and state healthcare and public health organizations striving to realize this vision together. Partnership representatives convened monthly to identify key components, common and unique themes, and barriers in academic–public collaborations. All partnerships aligned the activities of the CTSA programs with the needs of the city/county/state partners, by sharing resources, responding to real-time policy questions and training needs, promoting best practices, and advancing community-engaged research, and dissemination and implementation science to narrow the knowledge-to-practice gap. Barriers included competing priorities, differing timelines, bureaucratic hurdles, and unstable funding. Academic–public health/health system partnerships represent a unique and underutilized model with potential to enhance community and population health.
Home-based telerehabilitation software systems for remote supervising: a systematic review
Authors: Hosseiniravandi Mohammad , Kahlaee Amir H , Karim Hesam , Ghamkhar Leila , Safdari Reza 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesIn the past decade, with the ever-increasing growth of information and communication technologies, telerehabilitation, especially home-based rehabilitation (HBR), has been widely considered by researchers. Many software systems are developed to address HBR programs, which includes various functionalities. The aim of this study is to review the functional features of these systems designed for remote supervising of HBR programs.MethodsScopus, PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, and ProQuest databases were searched for English-language articles published between January 2008 and February 2018 to retrieve studies reported an home-based telerehabilitation software system aiming to remotely supervise HBR program.ResultsA total of fifty studies that reported twenty-two unique systems met the inclusion criteria. Various functional features were identified including but not limited to exercise plan management, report/statistics generating, patient education, and task scheduling. Disorders or diseases addressed by these systems could mainly be grouped into five categories: musculoskeletal, neurological, respiratory, cardiovascular, and other health-related problems. Usability and acceptability, and clinical/patient outcomes were the most reported outcomes and data analysis was used by the majority of included studies to measure the outcomes.ConclusionsSystems developed for supervising of HBR program are diverse. However, preliminary results of this review revealed that these systems share more or less common functionalities. However, further research is needed to determine the requirements, structure, and effectiveness of these systems in real-life settings.
Expression profiling of primary cultured buffalo granulosa cells from different follicular size in comparison with their in vivo counterpart
Authors: Sosa Ahmed S.A. , Ibrahim Sally , Mahmoud Karima Gh. M. , Ayoub Mohamed M. , Abdo Mohamed S.S. , Nawito Mahmoud F. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis study aimed to: (i) characterize cultured granulosa cells (GCs) from different follicle sizes morphologically and molecularly; and (ii) select a suitable model according to follicular size that maintained GC function during culture. Buffalo ovaries were collected from a slaughterhouse and follicles were classified morphologically into: first group ≤ 4 mm, second group 5–8 mm, third group 9–15 mm and fourth group 16–20 mm diameter. GC pellets were divided into two portions. The first portion served as the control fresh pellet, and the secondwas used for 1 week for GC culture. Total RNA was isolated, and qRT-PCR was performed to test for follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), cytochrome P450 19 (CYP19), luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase (CASP3), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and phospholipase A2 group III (PLA2G3) mRNAs. Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels in the culture supernatant and in follicular fluids were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Basic DMEM-F12 medium maintained the morphological appearance of cultured GCs. The relative abundance of FSHR, CYP19, and LHCGR mRNAs was 0.001 ≤ P ≤ 0.01 and decreased at the end of culture compared with the fresh pellet. There was a fine balance between expression patterns of the proliferation marker gene (PCNA) and the proapoptotic marker gene (CASP3). AMH mRNA was significantly increased (P < 0.001) in cultured GCs from small follicles, while cultured GCs from other three categories (5–8 mm, 9–15 mm and 16–20 mm) showed a clear reduction (P < 0.001). Interestingly, the relative abundance of PLA2G3 mRNA was significantly (P < 0.001) increased in all cultured GCs. E2 and P4 concentrations were significantly (P < 0.001) decreased in all cultured groups. Primary cultured GCs from small follicles could be a good model for better understanding follicular development in Egyptian buffaloes.
Positive schemas in schema therapy with older adults: clinical implications and research suggestions
Authors: Videler Arjan C. , van Royen Rita J.J. , Legra Marjolein J.H. , Ouwens Machteld A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground:Schema therapy is an effective treatment for borderline personality disorder and other complex disorders. Schema therapy is feasible in older adults, and the first empirical support for its effectiveness in later life was provided in older patients with a cluster C personality disorder. The central concept of the schema therapy model is the early maladaptive schema (EMS). Early adaptive schemas (EAS) give rise to adaptive behaviour, and they also emerge during childhood, when core emotional needs are adequately met by primary caregivers.Aims:To examine the concept of EAS and its application in schema therapy with older adults.Method:Literature review and case example: the role of EAS in schema therapy with older adults is discussed and suggestions for integrating EAS in schema therapy in later life are proposed.Results:Directing attention in therapy to EAS may help strengthen the healthy adult mode, and it might also help change a negative life review. Working with positive schemas may be an important avenue for re-awakening positive aspects of patients, reinforcing the therapeutic relationship, creating a positive working atmosphere, and also for facilitating the introduction of experiential schema therapy techniques.Conclusions:This review suggests that positive schemas may be important vehicles of therapeutic change when working with older people. There is a need for validating the Young Positive Schema Questionnaire (YPSQ) in older adults, and for examining whether integrating EAS in schema therapy with older adults indeed has a positive effect on therapy outcome.
Study on Quantitative Analysis of Carbon and Nitrogen in Stoichiometric θ-Fe3C and γ′-Fe4N by Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Takahashi Jun , Kawakami Kazuto , Kobayashi Yukiko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe quantitative analysis performance of carbon and nitrogen was investigated using stoichiometric θ-Fe3C (25 at% C) and γ′-Fe4N (~20 at% N) precipitates in pulsed voltage and pulsed laser atom probes. The dependencies of specimen temperature, pulse fraction, and laser pulse energy on the apparent concentrations of carbon and nitrogen were measured. Good coincidence with 25 at% carbon concentration in θ-Fe3C was obtained for the pulsed voltage atom probe by considering the mean number of carbon atoms per ion at 24 Da and the detection loss of iron, while better coincidence was obtained for the pulsed laser atom probe by considering only the mean number of carbon at 24 Da. On the other hand, a lack of nitrogen concentration in γ′-Fe4N was observed for the two atom probes. In particular, the pulsed laser atom probe showed a significant lack of nitrogen concentration. This implies that a large amount of 14N2+ was obscured by the main iron peak of 56Fe2+ at 28 Da in the mass-to-charge spectrum. Regarding preferential evaporation or retention, carbon in θ-Fe3C exhibited little of either, but nitrogen in γ′-Fe4N exhibited definite preferential retention. This result can be explained by the large difference in ionization energy between carbon and nitrogen.
Multi-modality management of extraosseous Ewing sarcoma: 10-year experience from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Sathyamurthy Arvind , Singh Ashish , Jose Tarun , Sebastian Patricia , Balakrishnan Rajesh , Prabhu Anne Jennifer , Backianathan Selvamani 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAim:To analyse the presentation, diagnosis and patterns of care of extraosseous Ewing sarcoma treated at our institution between 2008 and 2018.Methods:Electronic medical records of extraosseous Ewing sarcoma patients treated at our institution between January 2008 and April 2018 were reviewed. Kaplan–Meier curves were plotted to assess the overall and disease-free survival with 95% confidence intervals. A univariate analysis was carried out to assess the impact of variables such as surgical excision, completeness of surgery, completeness of chemotherapy and addition of radiation therapy on the survivorship.Results:The records of 65 patients treated at our institution were available for review. The mean age was 26·4 years. The most frequent sites of extraosseous Ewing tumour were kidney—9/65 (13·8%) and brain—10/65 (15·4%). Sixteen (24·6%) patients presented with inoperable/metastatic disease at diagnosis. The other 49 (75·4%) had localised disease at presentation. The median overall survival of the 49 non-metastatic patients was 46 months, and the disease-free survival was 45 months.Conclusion:Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma is a rare and aggressive tumour diagnosed by molecular techniques. Multi-modality treatment including surgical resection with wide margins, adjuvant radiation when indicated and completion of systemic chemotherapy results in optimum outcomes.
Portuguese Patient Dignity Question: A cross-sectional study of palliative patients cared for in primary care
Authors: Lemos Caldas Mafalda , Julião Miguel , Santos Ana João , Chochinov Harvey Max 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe Patient Dignity Question (PDQ) is a clinical tool developed with the aim of reinforcing the sense of personhood and dignity, enabling health care providers (HCPs) to see patients as people and not solely based on their illness.ObjectiveTo study the acceptability and feasibility of the Portuguese version of the PDQ (PDQ-PT) in a sample of palliative care patients cared for in primary care (PC).MethodA cross-sectional study using 20 palliative patients cared for in a PC unit. A post-PDQ satisfaction questionnaire was developed.ResultsTwenty participants were included, 75% were male; average age was 70 years old. Patients found the summary accurate, precise, and complete; all said that they would recommend the PDQ to others and want a copy of the summary placed on their family physician's medical chart. They felt the summary heightened their sense of dignity, considered it important that HCPs have access to the summary and indicated that this information could affect the way HCPs see and care for them. The PDQ-PT's took 7 min on average to answer, and 10 min to complete the summary.Significance of resultsThe PDQ-PT is well accepted and feasible to use with palliative patients in the context of PC and seems to be a promising tool to be implemented. Future trials are now warranted.
Do the Two Seismic Gaps in the Southwestern Section of the Longmen Shan Fault Present the Same Seismic Hazard?
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhu Bojing , Shi Yaolin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere are two seismic gaps in the southwestern section of the Longmen Shan Fault (LMSF): (1) the gap amid the ruptures of the 2008 Wenchuan and 2013 Lushan earthquakes and (2) the gap in the southwestern‐most section of the LMSF. Conflicting explanations have previously been proposed to estimate the hazards associated with these seismic gaps. In this study, we used a complete earthquake (M ≥ 6.0) catalogue for the past 300 years to re‐evaluate the seismic hazards by calculating the change in the Coulomb stress caused by nearby large earthquakes. When combined with the inter‐seismic tectonic stress loading process, our results suggest that there is a high possibility of a future earthquake in seismic gap 1 because of the enhanced stress caused by the 2008 Wenchuan and 2013 Lushan earthquakes, although the 1970 Dayi earthquake (Ms 6.2) did rupture the center of the gap. However, the risk of an earthquake occurring in seismic gap 2 has decreased due to the unloading stress triggered by 14 large historical earthquakes on the Xianshui He Fault. This indicates that the seismic hazards of the two gaps differ even though they are less than 35 km apart. These findings differ from the results of previous studies, which were obtained using earthquake‐induced stress modeling, inter‐seismic stress modeling, estimates of earthquake moment accumulation and release, and paleoearthquake analysis. Our research sheds new insights on seismic hazard estimates for the southwestern LMSF and might be helpful in determining the disaster relief distribution in Sichuan province, China.
A Role for Gravity Currents in Cross‐Sill Estuarine Exchange and Subsurface Inflow to the Southern Strait of Georgia
Authors: Thomson Richard E. , Kulikov Evgueni A. , Spear David J. , Johannessen Sophia C. , Peter Wills W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMultiyear current meter records from five sites are used to examine subsurface renewal processes in the southern Strait of Georgia. The lower layer inflow of dense oceanic‐derived water over the ~100‐m deep sill in Boundary Pass near the entrance to the strait reaches peak velocities during spring tides and rarely reverses direction. Corresponding changes in water density over the sill are inversely correlated with inflow velocity and, it is assumed, with temporal (t) variations in bottom layer thickness, h(t), arising from the fortnightly variations in tidal‐mixing. The dense bottom water crossing the sill transforms into a gravity current whose velocity is dependent on both h and sill depth, H. Gravity flow velocities, which peak at h(t)/H ~ 0.3 and weaken for h → 0 (neap tides) and h → H (spring tides), modulate the cross‐sill exchange with the strait. The density anomaly, Δρ, of the gravity flow determines its terminal depth and along‐strait extent. Lower‐density gravity flows generated during spring tides separate from the sloping bottom of the southern strait, but the higher‐density flows formed during neap tides can penetrate over 100 km northward to the deep central basin. The most extensive bottom intrusions occur monthly near neap tides in summer, when the underlying estuarine circulation delivers dense upwelled water from the coast to the sill. These deep inflows are accompanied by strong middepth outflow. There are typically three to five monthly replacement episodes each summer, but fewer during strong El Niño years due to reduced coastal upwelling.