bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discussing breast cancer in cyber spaces
Authors: Amaral Renata Martins , Pereira Maria das Graças Dias 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The relationship between human beings and technology has raised concerns about adaptability as a major issue (Mey 2015a) in the cyber era. With a view to understanding how communication occurs in the modern world, Mey proposes four dimensions of adaptability for contemporary new technologies: the dimensions of time, place, persons and objects. In the present study, we use these dimensions to guide our analysis. Drawing on cyber-ethnographic studies (Hallett and Barber 2014; Emmanuel & Day 2011; Gebera 2008; Thomsen, Straubhaar, and Bolyard 1998), we have investigated a particular Brazilian breast cancer female patient’s cyberspace discourses, while focusing on the pragmatic analysis of digital data. Ours is a qualitative research study (Denzin & Lincoln 2006) and the theoretical framework includes narrative studies (De Fina & Georgakopoulou 2008; Bastos 2008); studies on identity and emotions; as well as studies on context, performance and agency in discourse (Austin 1962; Pereira & Cortez 2013). The study aims to answer the following questions: (i) How is adaptability observed through patient discourses and cyber access? (ii) What identities have been constructed through a particular patient’s discourses? (iii) How are emotions conveyed in the participant’s discourses?
Technological context
Authors: Al Sharoufi Hussain 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the impact of technological devices on Kuwaiti youths as creators of a technological context with its own pragmatic parameters. To the youth, a parallel communicative world is in action when they engage in any communicative repertoire using mobile devices. I conducted a survey at the Gulf University for Science and Technology in Kuwait to investigate the existence of such a contextual realm and whether it has its own regulatory factors. A majority of my respondents emphasized that when talking with any person using a mobile device, they are indeed engaged in a communicative environment, the context of which has its own regulatory parameters, such as emoticons, pictures, sound files, text files, tweets, and so on. A majority of the respondents insisted that they feel more secure when using their mobile devices, implying that they become different individuals when doing so, and that this sudden role change occurs due to the contextual environment in which they are engaged. This study emphasizes that the technological context is the product of instant collaboration between two or more communicators in a real-time situation. I argue that technological meanings are produced solely in a technological context and, thus, their facilitating environments differ from those found in the real world.
Language policy and language teaching
Authors: Carvalho do Prado Silvana Aparecida , Correa Djane Antonucci 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study focuses on the teaching of English in Brazil and how language policy is handled by public school teachers; it also offers some reflections on adaptability (Mey 2009). Given the current status of English as a lingua franca, the study seeks to understand its influence in the classroom, both in relation to the official regulation of such practice and to the individual choices made by teachers. The project contained a proposal for action research with a group of teachers in the state school system in Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil. The research was developed through meetings in the Text Studies Laboratory at the State University of Ponta Grossa every fortnight. The teaching material was analyzed in discussions with the teachers, and by using their diaries, based on the lessons taught. The results identified the participants’ difficulties to see language as a social practice and their struggle to translate the documents into their daily practice. Additionally, teacher-centered practices focusing on the structural aspects of the language, with the concomitant difficulties of joining practice to theory, were observed. The emphasis on adaptability in the process of teaching language through the medium of diverse social practices seems to be a challenge still to be worked out in the context of teaching English as a foreign language in Brazil.
Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Chronic Disease Outcomes
Authors: Christiansen Julie , Lund Rikke , Qualter Pamela , Andersen Christina Maar , Pedersen Susanne S , Lasgaard Mathias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundResearch suggests that loneliness and social isolation (SI) are serious public health concerns. However, our knowledge of the associations of loneliness and SI with specific chronic diseases is limited.PurposeThe present prospective cohort study investigated (a) the longitudinal associations of loneliness and SI with four chronic diseases (cardiovascular disease [CVD], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], diabetes mellitus Type 2 [T2D], and cancer), (b) the synergistic association of loneliness and SI with chronic disease, and (c) baseline psychological and behavioral explanatory factors.MethodsSelf-reported data from the 2013 Danish “How are you?” survey (N = 24,687) were combined with individual-level data from the National Danish Patient Registry on diagnoses in a 5 year follow-up period (2013–2018).ResultsCox proportional hazard regression analyses showed that loneliness and SI were independently associated with CVD (loneliness: adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI; 1.03, 1.40]; SI: AHR = 1.23, 95% CI [1.04, 146]) and T2D (loneliness: AHR =1.90, 95% CI [1.42, 2.55]; SI: AHR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.15, 2.21]). No significant associations were found between loneliness or SI and COPD and cancer, respectively. Likewise, loneliness and SI did not demonstrate a synergistic effect on chronic disease. Multiple mediation analysis indicated that loneliness and SI had an indirect effect on CVD and T2D through both baseline psychological and behavioral factors.ConclusionLoneliness and SI were independently associated with a diagnosis of CVD and T2D within a 5 year follow-up period. The associations of loneliness and SI with CVD and T2D were fully explained by baseline psychological and behavioral factors.
Clean and Contain: Initial Development of a Measure of Infection Prevention Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Toussaint Loren L , Cheadle Alyssa D , Fox Jesse , Williams David R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offer behavioral guidance to prevent the spread of infectious diseases like COVID-19. Cleaning (e.g., cleaning surfaces, washing and sanitizing hands) and containing (e.g., covering coughs, keeping distance from others, especially sick people) behaviors are recommended.

Purpose
To develop the Clean and Contain Measure, a brief measure of compliance with CDC recommendations for prevention of infectious disease, and validate the measure in individuals experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Participants were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and social media.

Results
In Study 1 (N = 97), exploratory factor analysis revealed two scales: (a) five items assessing cleaning behaviors and (b) four items assessing containing behaviors. Simple structure was obtained and alpha coefficients for both scales were &gt;.83. In Studies 2 (N = 204) and 3 (N = 527), confirmatory factor analysis verified the identical factor structure found in Study 1. All loadings were statistically significant at p &lt; .001. Alpha coefficients for both scales were &gt;.84 for Studies 2 and 3.

Conclusions
Our measure is a reliable and valid indicator of compliance with cleaning and containing health behaviors that help to prevent the spread of diseases like COVID-19. Future research should replicate construct validity in more diverse samples and continue to refine items, examine construct validity, including predictive and discriminant validity, and improve the measure for future use. With continued use and refinement, this measure could allow health officials and researchers to accurately assess compliance with important infection prevention behavior guidelines.
Mean Levels and Variability in Psychological Well-Being and Associations With Sleep in Midlife and Older Women
Authors: Leger Kate A , Blevins Tessa R , Crofford Leslie J , Segerstrom Suzanne C 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDisturbed sleep is prevalent in older adulthood and particularly among women. Greater psychological well-being (PWB) is associated with better sleep, but intraindividual variability in PWB has not been examined.PurposeThe current study examined whether mean levels and variability in PWB were associated with sleep disturbances in midlife and older women.MethodsParticipants (N = 189) completed up to seven daily diaries and an end of the week assessment every 3 months for nine waves. Participants answered questions about their nightly sleep disturbances and reported their PWB using Ryff’s six dimensions of PWB.ResultsRegression models indicated that greater variability in one aspect of PWB, positive relations with others, was related to greater sleep disturbance even after adjusting for mean levels of well-being. Greater variability in environmental mastery, purpose in life, and self-acceptance were also associated with sleep disturbance, but these associations were no longer significant after adjusting for mean levels of well-being.ConclusionsResults suggest that fluctuations in positive relations with others are related to sleep in adult women above and beyond mean levels of well-being. Results highlight the importance of considering variability in addition to mean levels of PWB.
COVID-19 in Health-Care Workers: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes
Authors: Gómez-Ochoa Sergio Alejandro , Franco Oscar H , Rojas Lyda Z , Raguindin Peter Francis , Roa-Díaz Zayne Milena , Wyssmann Beatrice Minder , Guevara Sandra Lucrecia Romero , Echeverría Luis Eduardo , Glisic Marija , Muka Taulant 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Health-care workers (HCWs) are at the frontline of response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), being at a higher risk of acquiring the disease and, subsequently, exposing patients and others. Searches of 8 bibliographic databases were performed to systematically review the evidence on the prevalence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among HCWs. A total of 97 studies (all published in 2020) met the inclusion criteria. The estimated prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection from HCWs’ samples, using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and the presence of antibodies, was 11% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7, 15) and 7% (95% CI: 4, 11), respectively. The most frequently affected personnel were nurses (48%, 95% CI: 41, 56), whereas most of the COVID-19–positive medical personnel were working in hospital nonemergency wards during screening (43%, 95% CI: 28, 59). Anosmia, fever, and myalgia were the only symptoms associated with HCW SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Among HCWs positive for COVID-19 by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, 40% (95% CI: 17, 65) were asymptomatic at time of diagnosis. Finally, severe clinical complications developed in 5% (95% CI: 3, 8) of the COVID-19–positive HCWs, and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.02, 1.3) died. Health-care workers suffer a significant burden from COVID-19, with those working in hospital nonemergency wards and nurses being the most commonly infected personnel.
International commercial arbitration in Canada after Uber Technologies Inc v Heller
Authors: Meshel Tamar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article examines the Supreme Court of Canada’s judgment in Uber Technologies Inc v Heller from an international commercial arbitration perspective, focusing on two specific issues. The first issue is the Court’s application of a provincial domestic, rather than international, arbitration statute to Uber and Heller’s international arbitration agreement, on the ground that the agreement is not ‘commercial’. The article argues that this finding is not in line with international arbitration instruments and practice. The second issue is the Court’s interpretation and application of the competence–competence principle, which permits arbitral tribunals to decide their own jurisdiction. The article maintains that the Court’s approach does not offend this principle, but that the Court provides insufficient guidance to lower Canadian courts on how to implement this approach in future cases. The article concludes that the Court’s decision, while far-reaching in many respects, should not disturb the enforcement of routine international commercial arbitration agreements in Canada. The decision may have implications, however, for arbitration agreements contained in international contracts—particularly standard form contracts—that might give rise to employment disputes, such as those in the gig economy, or that contain terms that may seem to bar a party’s access to the arbitral process.
A-02 A Novel Tool for the Differential Diagnosis of Clinical Alzheimer’s Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Normal Cognition: Development and Validation
Authors: Parker A , Hynan L , Munro C , Goette W , Lacritz L , Cullum M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To create a clinician-friendly diagnostic tool based on neuropsychological and demographic data to assist classification of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and normal cognition (NC).

Methods
Neuropsychological and demographic data from 652 (256 NC,122 MCI,274 AD) subjects were selected from a regional Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center. Utilizing half the sample, two binary logistic regressions compared NC to (MCI + AD) and AD to (NC + MCI) groups. Initial models were reduced in a step-wise manner to determine significant predictors. Raw scores for these variables were multiplied by weights derived from the final regression models and combined to create weighted-sum scores. Cut-points between diagnoses were established using ROC curves based on weighted-sum scores. The tool was validated in the remaining subjects through ROC analyses and sensitivity/specificity calculations for each diagnosis.

Results
Age, education, sex, Trails A&B, Logical Memory, Animals, and CVLT were all diagnostic predictors. ROC curves comparing weighted sum scores and consensus diagnoses in the validation set showed good discriminability (NC vs MCI + AD: AUC = .95; AD vs NC + MCI: AUC = .98). Scores of 305.75 predicted AD, MCI, and NC respectively, with good sensitivity/specificity in the validation sample (NC = .857/.913, MCI = .711/.883, AD = .914/.951), with 83% of all subjects correctly classified.

Conclusions
We created a user-friendly diagnostic tool based on demographic and neuropsychological test scores which distinguished between AD, MCI, and NC in an initial validation sample with relatively good accuracy. Results merit replication in other samples, but suggest that this approach may be useful to aid clinical diagnosis, particularly when biomarker data are not available in clinical settings.
A-14 Propensity Scores in Neuropsychological Research: Four Aspects of Digital Clock Drawing Distinguish Individuals with Non-Dementia Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease from Matched Controls
Authors: Frank B , Dion C , Hizel L , Crowley S , Price C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
In situations in which randomized experiments are impossible or unethical, propensity score matching offers a method to reduce bias on causal effect estimates (Thoemmes & Kim, 2011). In this study, we examined differences on the digital clock drawing test (dCDT; Souillard-Mandar et al., 2016) between individuals with idiopathic non-dementia Parkinson’s disease (PD) and matched controls.

Method
This study involved a retrospective analysis of two federally funded investigations (NSF-13-543; R01-NS082386). The sample included 261 participants (110 PD, 151 non-PD). Participants were matched according to demographic covariates, as well as measures of mood, comorbidity, and premorbid functioning. The PD group and matched controls were compared using logistic regression in a Bayesian framework, with projection predictive variable selection implemented to obtain a parsimonious model (Piironen, Paasiniemi, & Vehtari, 2018). All effects were standardized.

Results
Of 261 participants, 212 were matched using nearest neighbor matching (Figure 1). The final, parsimonious model included four variables from the dCDT: total strokes (command condition), total time (command condition), and area (command and copy conditions). While all effects were retained, positive to strong evidence was found for dCDT total time (βMedian = 0.91, βSD = 0.25, 95% CI [0.44, 1.42], Bayes factor [BF] = 97.80) and dCDT area (copy condition; βMedian = −0.52, βSD = 0.19, 95% CI [−0.90, −0.17], BF = 4.78).

Conclusions
Propensity scores can be employed in causal comparative studies to match control participants and reduce bias from nuisance covariates. Four aspects of dCDT performance were optimal in distinguishing individuals with PD from matched controls.
A-01 Dementia Care Ecosystem: Health Care Utilization at Six Months
Authors: A laRoche , B Arredondo , A Devito , A Bailey , B Mizuki , A Boettcher , E Brickell , J Sawyer 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
This study implemented the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Care Ecosystem Program, a Persons with Dementia (PWD)- and Caregiver (CG)-centered model of dementia care designed to improve quality of life and reduce the cost of care associated with emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations.

Method
Community-dwelling PWD and CGs at a southern regional medical system who had a diagnosis of dementia and at least one hospitalization or ED visit in the previous 12 months were prospectively enrolled in a mixed method study. These dyads (N = 54) completed monthly visits for six months, including behavior management, financial and advanced care planning, caregiver well-being, and navigating community and healthcare resources. PWD were predominantly Caucasian (70.4%; 30% African American) and female (53.7%), with an average age of 80.26 (SD = 6.99). CGs were demographically similar, but younger [M(SD) = 66.18(12.89)].

Results
ED utilization decreased by 41% (51 visits in 6 months prior to enrollment vs. 30 visits post enrollment); [pre-M(SD) = 0.94(1.57); post-M(SD) = 0.56(1.11); 95% Confidence Interval − 0.09—0.86; t = 1.64, p &gt; .05; Cohen’s d = 0.28]. On a paired samples t-test, there was a small effect despite not reaching statistical significance. Hospitalizations decreased by 43% (30 in 6 months prior to enrollment, 17 post enrollment); [pre-M(SD) = 0.56(1.09); post-M(SD) = 0.31(0.77); 95% Confidence Interval − 0.03—0.51; t = 1.79, p &gt; .05; Cohen’s d = .26]. Again, there was a small effect despite not reaching statistical significance.

Conclusions
Preliminary results suggested a trend toward reduced hospital utilization. Future analysis on cost savings and other benefits of this type of program will be crucial to sustainability.
A-016 The Relationship between Visual Memory and Performance in Virtual Reality Among Older Adults
Authors: E Flores , R Gutierrez , S Shorter , K Mollenkopf , L Childers , J Flair , R Donell , M Barnett 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Over the past fifty years, many traditional paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests have been translated to new computerized devices (Canini et al., 2014). Virtual reality offers neuropsychologists an opportunity to observe patients’ neurocognitive functioning in an immersive, lifelike environment, rich in visual stimuli (Morganti, 2004), yet relatively little is known about the relationship between visual memory and performance on learning and memory tasks in virtual reality environments. The purpose of this study was to investigate, among older adults, the relationship between visual memory, as measured by a traditional paper-and-pencil test, and procedural learning and memory performance in a virtual reality environment simulating meal preparation tasks.

Methods
Older adults (N = 73) ages 55-90 (M = 72.77, SD = 7.87) were administered the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WMS-IV) Visual Reproduction Immediate Recall and the Virtual Kitchen Protocol (VPK), a virtual reality-based measure of learning and memory for meal preparation tasks.

Results
Participants performance on the immediate portion of WMS-IV, visual reproduction, correlated with their performance on the VPK teaching trial (r = .65, p = 0.01), immediate recall (r = .51, p = 0.01), delayed recall (r = .58, p = 0.01), and forced choice recognition ( r = ..54, p = 0.01) of Job Sim.

Conclusion
Results suggest that visual memory aids healthy older adults in procedural learning and memory tasks in the Virtual Kitchen Protocol, a virtual reality environment simulating meal preparation tasks. These results suggest that visual memory ability is germane to performance in virtual reality environments that are rich in visual stimuli.
A-020 Advancing Reliable Measurement in Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitive Aging (ARMADA): Extension of the NIH Toolbox in Healthy Cognitive Aging 86 years and Beyond
Authors: T Karpouzian-Rogers , D Peipert , J Slotkin , V Ustsinovich , K Wortman , C Nowinski , R Gershon , S Weintraub 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Early detection of cognitive decline in older individuals can be accomplished with brief, computerized measures in diverse settings. The goal of the ARMADA study is to validate the NIH Toolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function (NIHTB) in the neurological aging spectrum from cognitively normal to dementia, and to extend the age range to allow for longitudinal assessment of the oldest individuals. Here, we present baseline data from general population individuals over 85 years of age without cognitive impairment compared with those 65 to 85.

Method
ARMADA is a multi-site study recruiting participants from established research cohorts. Participants included cognitively average-for-age individuals between the ages of 65–85 (n = 82) and another group 86 and older (n = 105). Baseline characteristics and preliminary data are presented for the Cognition, Emotion, Motor and Sensation modules of the NIHTB.

Results
Analysis of preliminary baseline data revealed that mean uncorrected standard scores of most cognitive, motor, and sensation measures differed among the groups in the expected direction, such that individuals 65–85 had better performance than individuals 86 and older. Conversely, group scores were similar on most emotion measures.

Conclusions
This analysis of preliminary baseline data from ARMADA provides initial evidence for the utility of the NIHTB in individuals over age 85 without cognitive impairment, who, as a group, scored lower than those from age 65–85. These results demonstrate the importance of establishing cohort-specific norms relevant to the oldest age group. Longitudinal follow-ups over two years will track cognitive, motor, emotion, and sensory functioning in this group.