bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid tissue processing using a temperature-controlled collection device to preserve tumor biomarkers
Authors: Lerch Melissa , Kenerson Heidi , Theiss Abbey , Chafin David , Westerhoff Maria , Otter Michael , Yeung Raymond , Baird Geoffrey 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrecision tissue diagnostics rely on high quality input specimens so that assay results are not affected by artifact, but advances in collection and processing of tissue specimens have lagged behind innovations in diagnostic assay development. Therefore, we have designed and evaluated a novel surgical tissue collection device that maintains and monitors sample temperature and motion throughout transport so that the major preanalytical variable of tissue temperature can be controlled and measured. This device, in combination with an improved cold–hot tissue fixation protocol affords optimal biomarker preservation in less overall time, thereby simultaneously improving diagnostic quality and turnaround time. We collected 50 primary and metastatic liver tumors using a novel transport device. Tissue was fixed using a rapid cold–hot fixation protocol and immunohistochemical assays were used to assess the performance of the device, in comparison to control tissue preserved using standard clinical fixation protocol. Two pathologists evaluated the IHC studies in a blinded fashion to determine the immunophenotype of each tumor. The observed IHC staining intensities and the clinical impressions of the immunophenotypes did not differ between tissue collected with the novel device and control tissue, while improvements in processing time were achieved. The novel cold transport device and rapid fixation protocol can be successfully and safely combined and used to monitor specimen conditions, thus preserving the diagnostic utility of specimens and improving the overall turn-around time of the diagnostic process.
How to Optimise Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) for People with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): A Delphi Study
Authors: Spain Debbie , Happé Francesca 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChildren and adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can benefit from cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), yet the prevailing opinion is that this requires adaptations to accommodate commonly experienced socio-communication and neuropsychological impairments. There are, however, no empirically-derived guidelines about how best to adapt standard practice. In a three round Delphi survey, we asked expert clinicians and clinical-researchers, based in England, about how to optimise the design, delivery and evaluation of CBT for people with ASD. Of 50 people approached, 18 consented to take part in Round 1, nine in Round 2 and eight in Round 3. Using a five-point scale, participants rated the degree to which 221 statements—pertaining to the referral process, assessment, engagement, formulation, goal setting, therapy structure, interventions and techniques, homework, outcome measurement, managing endings and therapist attributes—were integral to CBT. The consensus was that 155 statements represented essential or important components of CBT. Adaptations to the structure and process of therapy were consistently endorsed, and an individualised formulation-derived approach was favoured when deciding upon which interventions and techniques to offer. Further studies are needed to clarify if adapted CBT is associated with improved treatment outcomes and acceptability.
The Emergence of Complexity from a Simple Model for Tissue Growth
Authors: Dunlop J. W. C. , Zickler G. A. , Weinkamer R. , Fischer F. D. , Fratzl P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe growth of living tissue is known to be modulated by mechanical as well as biochemical signals. We study a simple numerical model where the tissue growth rate depends on a chemical potential describing biochemical and mechanical driving forces in the material. In addition, the growing tissue is able to adhere to a three-dimensional surface and is subjected to surface tension where not adhering. We first show that this model belongs to a wider class of models describing particle growth during phase separation. We then analyse the predicted tissue shapes growing on a solid support corresponding to a cut hollow cylinder, which could be imagined as an idealized description of a broken long bone. We demonstrate the appearance of complex shapes described by Delauney surfaces and reminiscent of the shapes of callus appearing during bone healing. This complexity of shapes arises despite the extreme simplicity of the growth model, as a consequence of the three-dimensional boundary conditions imposed by the solid support.
Fine-tuning the catalytic activity by applying nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as catalyst supports for the hydrogenation of olefins
Authors: Sikora Emőke , Kiss Adrienn , H. Göndör Zsuzsa , Pekker Péter , Kristály Ferenc , Szőri Milán , Rágyanszki Anita , Viskolcz Béla , Fiser Béla , Vanyorek László 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNitrogen-free multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and N-doped bamboo-like carbon nanotubes (BCNTs) were synthesized by using catalytic vapor deposition (CVD) and used as catalyst support materials. Pd, Rh, Ru, and Ir have been deposited onto the nanotubes to achieve metal/nanotube catalysts. The catalytic activity of the samples was fine-tuned by changing the type of support. BCNT supported Pd and Rh (Pd/BCNT, Rh/MWCNT) catalysts were found to be the most active for liquid phase hydrogenation of octadecene amongst these samples. The initial olefin hydrogenation rate of the Pd/BCNT sample was slightly higher than the corresponding MWCNT-supported catalyst. Based on the hydrogenation reaction, the performance of these catalyst had been ranked as follows: Pd/BCNT ≈ Rh/MWCNT > Pd/MWCNT > Rh/BCNT >  > Ir/MWCNT > Ru/BCNT > Ir/BCNT > Ru/MWCNT. The structural properties of chemisorbed Pd on MWCNT and N- BCNT were also characterized by means of computational chemical methods in order to shed some light on the nature of metal binding properties of N-doped and undoped surfaces. The calculations shown preference towards the edges of the surfaces which is in good agreement with the experimental findings.
A new database of the references on international clinical practice guidelines: a facility for the evaluation of clinical research
Authors: Eriksson Magnus , Billhult Annika , Billhult Tommy , Pallari Elena , Lewison Grant 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough there are now several bibliographic databases of research publications, such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, and the Web of Science (WoS), and some also include counts of citations, there is at present no similarly comprehensive database of the rapidly growing number of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), with their references, which sometimes number in the hundreds. CPGs have been shown to be useful for the evaluation of clinical (as opposed to basic) biomedical research, which often suffers from relatively low counts of citations in the serial literature. The objectives were to introduce a new citation database, clinical impact®, and demonstrate how it can be used to evaluate research impact of clinical research publications by exploring the characteristics of CPG citations of two sets of papers, as well as show temporal variation of clinical impact® and the WoS. The paper includes the methodology used to retain the data and also the rationale adopted to achieve data quality. The analysis showed that although CPGs tend preferentially to cite papers from their own country, this is not always the case. It also showed that cited papers tend to have a more clinical research level than uncited papers. An analysis of diachronous citations in both clinical impact® and the WoS showed that although the WoS citations showed a decreasing trend after a peak at 2–3 years after publication, this was less clear for CPG citations and a longer timescale would be needed to evaluate their impact on these documents.
“How does Austria sleep?” self-reported sleep habits and complaints in an online survey
Authors: Blume Christine , Hauser Theresa , Gruber Walter R. , Heib Dominik PJ , Winkler Thomas , Schabus Manuel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDuring the past years, the prevalence of sleep problems has been increasing steadily in industrial societies and represents a major social and socioeconomic burden. The situation in Austria was last evaluated in 2007 by Zeitlhofer and colleagues in a representative sample of 1000 participants. In the current study, we sought to evaluate the sleep behaviour of the Austrian population in an ongoing online survey, in which we have collected data from 986 participants (66% women, mean age 40.9 ± 16.4 years) between March 2018 and May 2019. Sleep duration was appropriate in 52% of the respondents (i.e. 7–9 h per night). However, we found an alarmingly high number of self-reported sleep problems (46%), and only 31% of the participants classified themselves as “good sleepers” using a validated self-report questionnaire (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI). Furthermore, many participants reported suffering from sleep problems for a very long time (86% > 6 months; 37% > 5 years) suggesting that currently available treatment options are either ineffective or not employed. Possible reasons for sleep problems could include irregular sleep-wake cycles, increased perceived stress levels, and the use of electronic devices just before sleep.
Childhood Emotional Abuse and Cyberbullying Perpetration Among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Trait Mindfulness
Authors: Emirtekin Emrah , Balta Sabah , Kircaburun Kagan , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPreliminary studies have indicated that childhood emotional maltreatment (i.e., abuse and neglect) can be associated with higher cyberbullying perpetration (CBP) among university students. The purpose of the present study was to test the direct and indirect effects of childhood emotional abuse (CEA) on CBP via trait mindfulness and trait emotional intelligence (TEI). A total of 470 adolescent students participated in the study and completed a questionnaire comprising measures of the aforementioned variables. Path analysis showed that trait mindfulness, but not TEI, was a partial mediator between CEA and CBP among the total sample, males, and females. Results indicated that there were other factors that explain the relationship between CEA and CBP in addition to lower mindfulness. These findings suggest that developing mindfulness-based intervention programs for adolescents who have been emotionally abused as a child may reduce their engagement in cyberbullying. This study is the first to document the direct role of CEA on CBP and indirect via trait mindfulness among adolescents.
From Buzz to Burst—Critical Remarks on the Term ‘Life’ and Its Ethical Implications in Synthetic Biology
Authors: Funk Michael , Steizinger Johannes , Falkner Daniel , Eichinger Tobias 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the use of the term ‘life’ in the debates within and about synthetic biology. We review different positions within these debates, focusing on the historical background, the constructive epistemology of laboratory research and the pros and cons of metaphorical speech. We argue that ‘life’ is used as buzzword, as folk concept, and as theoretical concept in inhomogeneous ways. Extending beyond the review of the significant literature, we also argue that ‘life’ can be understood as aBurstwordin two concrete senses. Firstly, terms such as life easily turn into fuzzy, foggy and buzzy clouds of nonsense, if their use is not appropriately reflected. In these cases, the semantic orientation is detonated. This is theBurstword Icharacteristic of the concept of ‘life’ that we reveal for its unclear terminological use. Secondly, and in contrast toBurstword I, we show that the concept of ‘life’ can be used in a methodologically controlled way. We call this kind of useBurstword II. Here the concept of ‘life’ fulfils the function of expanding an inadequately narrow disciplinary or conceptual focus in different discursive contexts. In this second sense, ‘life’ receives an important operational function, for instance as a transdisciplinary research principle. It turns out that the innovative function and paradigm-changing power of metaphorical speech belong here as well. Finally, we illustrate three ethically relevant examples that show how ‘life’ can be applied asBurstword IIin the context of synthetic biology.
Increasing Role of Oncoplastic Surgery for Breast Cancer
Authors: Kaufman Cary S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The goals of surgery for breast cancer have remained the same over the years, to eliminate breast cancer from the breast with the least degree of deformity. With the current expectation of long-term survival after breast cancer treatment, more attention has turned to the cosmetic result of the surgical treatment. Whether lumpectomy or mastectomy, the need for aesthetic improvement was recognized by surgeons both in and outside the USA.

Recent Findings
Oncoplastic surgery combines the skills of the cancer surgeon with those of the plastic surgeon. Sometimes, this means a team approach with a breast surgeon and a plastic surgeon both performing their mutual skills for the patient. Other times, the properly trained breast surgeon may perform some of the plastic techniques at the time of cancer surgery. Breast surgeons are rapidly gaining the ability to improve the post-cancer treatment appearance. To simplify the classification of oncoplastic techniques, we have used lower level, upper level, and highest level. The assignment of techniques to levels is based on both the technique and the surgeon’s training and experience. Much data has accumulated demonstrating the safety and efficacy of the “aesthetic cancer cure.” We describe the development of oncoplastic surgery, the techniques available, matching the right candidate with the right technique, and some comments about the future.

Summary
It is clear from both clinical benefit and patient satisfaction that oncoplastic breast cancer procedures are here to stay. Plastic surgeons will likely focus on the upper- and highest-level procedures while breast/general surgeons will learn lower-level procedures and some of upper-level procedures as needed by their locale. Opportunities to educate breast/general surgeons in these techniques will continue to increase over the next several years. Formal education in oncoplastic surgery during breast fellowships will be necessary to catch up with the rest of the surgical world outside the USA.
Identification of De Novo JAK2 and MAPK7 Mutations Related to Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Chinese Child and Adolescent Trio-Based Sample
Authors: Jiao Jian , Zhang Manxue , Yang Pingyuan , Huang Yan , Hu Xiao , Cai Jia , Yang Chan , Situ Mingjing , Zhang Hui , Fu Lei , Guo Kuifang , Huang Yi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Whole-exome sequencing studies have shown that de novo single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) play an important role in sporadic ASD. The present study aimed to search for de novo SNVs using whole-exome sequencing in 59 unrelated Chinese ASD sporadic trios, and found 24 genes (including five reported ASD candidate genesCACNA1D,ACHE,YY1,TTN, andFBXO11) with de novo harmful SNVs. Five genes (CACNA1D,JAK2,ACHE,MAPK7, andPRKAG2) classified as “medium-confidence” genes were found to be related to ASD using the Phenolyzer gene analysis tool, which predicts the correlation between the candidate genes and the ASD phenotype. De novo SNVs inJAK2,MAPK7, andPRKAG2were first found in ASD. BothJAK2andMAPK7were involved in the regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Gene co-expression and inter-gene interaction networks were constructed and gene expression data in different brain regions were further extracted, revealing thatJAK2andMAPK7genes were associated with certain previously reported ASD genes and played an important role in early brain development. The findings of this study suggest that the aforementioned five reported ASD genes andJAK2andMAPK7may be related to ASD susceptibility. Further investigations of expression studies in cellular and animal models are needed to explore the mechanism underlying the involvement ofJAK2andMAPK7in ASD.
Proteolytic Processing of Neuregulin 2
Authors: Czarnek Maria , Bereta Joanna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNeuregulin 2 (NRG2) belongs to the EGF family of growth factors. Most of this family members require proteolytic cleavage to liberate their ectodomains capable of binding and activating their cognate ErbB receptors. To date, most of the studies investigating proteolytic processing of neuregulins focused on NRG1, which was shown to undergo ectodomain shedding by several ADAM proteases and BACE1 and the remaining fragment was further cleaved by γ-secretase. Recently, NRG2 attracted more attention due to its role in the neurogenesis and modulation of behaviors associated with psychiatric disorders. In this study, we used genetic engineering methods to identify proteases involved in proteolytic processing of murine NRG2. Using non-neuronal cell lines as well as cultures of primary hippocampal neurons, we demonstrated that the major proteases responsible for releasing NRG2 ectodomain are ADAM10 and BACE2. Co-expression of NRG2 and BACE2 in neurons of certain brain structures including medulla oblongata and cerebellar deep nuclei was confirmed via immunohistochemical staining. The cleavage of NRG2 by ADAM10 or BACE2 generates a C-terminal fragment that serves as a substrate for γ-secretase. We also showed that murine NRG2 is subject to post-translational modifications, substantial glycosylation of its extracellular part, and phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic tail.
Microstructural evolution of 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V submerged-arc weld metal
Authors: Schönmaier Hannah , Grimm Fred , Krein Ronny , Kirchheimer Katharina , Schnitzer Ronald 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHeat-resistant V-modified 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V-weld metal is commonly used in petrochemical industry for heavy wall pressure vessels in high-temperature hydrogen service. In order to improve the reactor efficiency, the weldments have to endure even higher temperatures and pressures. Acicular ferrite (AF) is often regarded as the optimum microstructure due to its good combination of strength and toughness. As few literature about the evolution of microstructure and the final microstructure constituents of 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V weld metal is available, the current paper intends to provide comprehensive information by means of microscopy, crystallographic examination via electron backscatter diffraction and in situ observation of the austenite to ferrite phase transformation via high-temperature laser scanning confocal microscopy (HT-LSCM). The investigated weld metal exhibits a high density of complex aluminium-silicon-manganese oxides with a spherical shape and large prior austenite grains, which in combination is beneficial for intragranular nucleation of AF. Nonetheless, the examination of the transformed final microstructure was not sufficient to make an unambiguous statement about the presence of AF within the 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V weld metal. Via in-situ HT-LSCM of the phase transformation, intragranular nucleation of AF at non-metallic inclusions within the austenite grains was detected, which confirms that even though the microstructure of 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V weld metal is mainly bainitic, small amounts of AF are present.
Framing effects in the prisoner’s dilemma but not in the dictator game
Authors: Goerg Sebastian J. , Rand David , Walkowitz Gari 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe systematically investigate prisoner’s dilemma and dictator games with valence framing. We find that give versus take frames influence subjects’ behavior and beliefs in the prisoner’s dilemma games but not in the dictator games. We conclude that valence framing has a stronger impact on behavior in strategic interactions, i.e., in the prisoner’s dilemma game, than in allocation tasks without strategic interaction, i.e., in the dictator game.
Quantifying the Terrestrial Carbon Feedback to Anthropogenic Carbon Emission
Authors: Goodwin Philip 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe surface warming response to carbon emission is dependent on feedbacks operating in both the physical climate and carbon cycle systems, with physical climate feedbacks quantified via linearly combinable climate feedback terms, λclimate in watt per square meter per kelvin. However, land carbon feedbacks are often quantified using a two‐parameter description, with separate cumulative carbon uptake responses to surface warming, γL in petagram of carbon per kelvin, and rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, βL in petagram of carbon per parts per million. Converting the γL and βL responses to an overall terrestrial carbon feedback parameter, λcarbon in watt per square meter per kelvin, has remained problematic, with λcarbon affected by significant nonlinear interactions between carbon‐climate and carbon‐concentration responses and a nonlinear relation between atmospheric CO2 and subsequent radiative forcing. This study presents new relationships quantifying how the overall steady state terrestrial carbon feedback to anthropogenic emission, λcarbon, is dependent on the terrestrial carbon responses to rising CO2 and temperature, βL, and γL, and the physical climate feedback, λclimate. Nonlinear interactions between βL and γL responses to carbon emission are quantified via a three‐parameter description of the land carbon sensitivities to rising CO2 and temperature. Numerical vegetation model output supports the new relationships, revealing an emerging sensitivity of land carbon feedback to climate feedback of ∂λcarbon/∂λclimate ~ 0.3. The results highlight that terrestrial carbon feedback and physical climate feedback cannot be considered in isolation: Additional surface warming from stronger climate feedback is automatically compounded by reduced cooling from terrestrial carbon feedback, meanwhile around half the uncertainty in terrestrial carbon feedback originates from uncertainty in the physical climate feedback.
Greenland Ice Sheet Response to Stratospheric Aerosol Injection Geoengineering
Authors: Moore John C. , Yue Chao , Zhao Liyun , Guo Xiaoran , Watanabe Shingo , Ji Duoying 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Greenland ice sheet is expected lose at least 90% of its current volume if ice sheet summer temperatures warm by around 1.8 °C above pre‐industrial. Geoengineering by stratospheric sulfate aerosol injection might slow Greenland ice sheet melting and sea level rise by reducing summer temperature and insolation; however, such schemes could also reduce precipitation and affect large‐scale climate drivers such as the Atlantic Meridional Over‐turning Circulation (AMOC). Earlier work found that AMOC increased under geoengineering and that might lead to greater mass loss from Greenland than under greenhouse gas forcing alone. We simulated Greenland ice sheet climates using four Earth system models running the stratospheric sulfate aerosol injection experiment GeoMIP G4 and the CMIP RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 greenhouse gas scenarios that were then used to drive the surface energy and mass balance model, SEMIC. Simulated runoff is 20% lower under G4 than RCP4.5, while under RCP8.5 it is 17% higher. The mechanism is through increased Arctic sea ice concentration and reduced humidity leading to surface cooling of the ablation zone. Reduced absorption of outgoing longwave radiation caused by hydrological cycle weakening dominates associated decreases in precipitation under geoengineering and stronger AMOC than under RCP4.5. An ice dynamics model simulates 15% lower ice losses under G4 than RCP4.5. Thus, total sea level rise by 2070 from the Greenland ice sheet under G4 geoengineering is about 15–20% lower than under the RCP4.5 scenario.