bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The generalisability of randomised clinical trials: an interim external validity analysis of the ongoing SENOMAC trial in sentinel lymph node-positive breast cancer
Authors: de Boniface Jana , Ahlgren Johan , Andersson Yvette , Bergkvist Leif , Frisell Jan , Lundstedt Dan , Olofsson Bagge Roger , Rydén Lisa , Sund Malin ,   the SENOMAC Trialists’ Group, Christiansen Peer , Filtenborg Tvedskov Tove , Offersen Birgitte Vrou , Reimer Toralf , Kühn Thorsten , Kontos Michalis , Gentilini Oreste , Reitsamer Roland 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
None of the key randomised trials on the omission of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in sentinel lymph-positive breast cancer have reported external validity, even though results indicate selection bias. Our aim was to assess the external validity of the ongoing randomised SENOMAC trial by comparing characteristics of Swedish SENOMAC trial participants with non-included eligible patients registered in the Swedish National Breast Cancer Register (NKBC).

Methods
In the ongoing non-inferiority European SENOMAC trial, clinically node-negative cT1–T3 breast cancer patients with up to two sentinel lymph node macrometastases are randomised to undergo completion ALND or not. Both breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy are eligible interventions. Data from NKBC were extracted for the years 2016 and 2017, and patient and tumour characteristics compared with Swedish trial participants from the same years.

Results
Overall, 306 NKBC cases from non-participating and 847 NKBC cases from participating sites (excluding SENOMAC participants) were compared with 463 SENOMAC trial participants. Patients belonging to the middle age groups (p = 0.015), with smaller tumours (p = 0.013) treated by breast-conserving therapy (50.3 versus 47.1 versus 65.2%, p < 0.001) and less nodal tumour burden (only 1 macrometastasis in 78.8 versus 79.9 versus 87.3%, p = 0.001) were over-represented in the trial population. Time trends indicated, however, that differences may be mitigated over time.

Conclusions
This interim external validity analysis specifically addresses selection mechanisms during an ongoing trial, potentially increasing generalisability by the time full accrual is reached. Similar validity checks should be an integral part of prospective clinical trials.
Trial registration: NCT 02240472, retrospective registration date September 14, 2015 after trial initiation on January 31, 2015
Patient-reported outcome after oncoplastic breast surgery compared with conventional breast-conserving surgery in breast cancer
Authors: Rose Michael , Svensson Henry , Handler Jürgen , Hoyer Ute , Ringberg Anita , Manjer Jonas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Oncoplastic breast surgery (OBS) has developed as an extension of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in an effort to improve esthetic and functional outcome following surgery for breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible benefits of OBS, as compared with BCS, with regard to health-related quality of life (HRQoL), using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Patients and methods
Patients treated with OBS (n = 200) and BCS (n = 1304) in the period 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2013 were identified in a research database and in the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (DBCG) registry. Data on patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were retrieved from the DBCG registry. Patients were sent a survey including the Breast-Q™ BCT postoperative module and a study-specific questionnaire (SSQ) in 2016. A good outcome in the Breast-Q module was defined as above the median. OBS was compared to BCS using a logistic regression analysis, and then adjusted for potential confounders, yielding odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals.

Results
There was a statistically significant better outcome considering the HRQoL domain “Psychosocial Well-being “ for patients treated with OBS as compared with BCS (OR 2.15: 1.25–3.69). No statistically significant differences were found for the domains “Physical Well-being” (0.83: 0.50–1.39), “Satisfaction with Breast” (0.95: 0.57–1.59), or “Sexual Well-being” (1.42: 0.78–2.58).

Conclusion
The present study indicates better outcomes of HRQoL for breast cancer patients treated with OBS as compared to patients treated with BCS. There was no increase in physical discomfort among OBS patients despite more extensive surgery.
Mathematical modeling in Germany and France: a comparison of students’ modeling processes
Authors: Hankeln Corinna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe study presented in this article takes a closer look at how French and German high-school students deal with a mathematical modeling problem, what blockages they encounter and how differences in the modeling processes between students from both nations can be explained by differences between the teaching and learning of mathematical modeling in France and Germany. To better understand these differences, firstly, a brief overview is provided on the historical development of mathematics education in both countries, with a focus on mathematical modeling, followed by a qualitative empirical study in both France and Germany. Two main differences can be identified: students’ handling of the real-world situation and their striving for accuracy. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed in relation to national teaching traditions.
Pioglitazone Attenuates Experimental Colitis-Associated Hyperalgesia through Improving the Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction
Authors: Huang Yulin , Wang Chenchen , Tian Xinyu , Mao Yanting , Hou Bailin , Sun Yu’e , Gu Xiaoping , Ma Zhengliang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Impaired intestinal mucosal integrity during colitis involves the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), an important anti-inflammatory factor in intestinal mucosa homoeostasis, which is a potential target in colitis. Recurrent chronic pain is a vital pathogenetic feature of colitis. Nevertheless, potential functions of PPARγ in the colitis-associated hyperalgesia remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate biological roles of pioglitazone in relieving colitis-associated pain hypersensitivity by a PPARγ tight junction protein-dependent mechanism during the course of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced intestinal inflammation. The DSS-induced colitis model was generated in C57BL/6 mice. Changes in colitis induced the injury of intestinal mucosal barrier and hyperalgesia after a 6-day treatment of pioglitazone (25 mg/kg, IP injection) were assessed through immunofluorescent, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, western blot analysis, and determination of paw withdrawal mechanical threshold. A significant reduction of paw withdrawal mechanical threshold occurred after DSS treatment. Follow-up data showed that systematic administration of PPARγ agonist pioglitazone ameliorated the DSS-induced colitis and the development of colitis-associated hyperalgesia by repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier. The tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Claudin-5 were upregulated by PPARγ signaling, which in turn promoted the improvement of intestinal barrier function. Moreover, pioglitazone inhibited phosphorylation of ERK and NF-κB in the colon and decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines in both colon spine tissues. Furthermore, systemically pioglitazone treatment inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes, as well as DSS-induced phosphorylation of NR2B subunit in spinal cord, which was correspondingly consistent with the pain behavior. Pioglitazone ameliorates DSS-induced colitis and attenuates colitis-associated mechanical hyperalgesia, with improving integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier by directly upregulating tight junction proteins. The PPARγ-tight junction protein signaling might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of colitis-associated chronic pain.
Whose voices matter? Adults with learning difficulties and the emancipatory potential of numeracy practices
Authors: Schreiber-Barsch Silke , Curdt Wiebke , Gundlach Hanna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper we explore the numeracy practices of adults with learning difficulties (also termed intellectual disabilities). For this purpose, the perspectives of a social practice view on numeracy practices and the concepts of disability and vulnerability were adopted. We argue that little research attention has been paid so far to this social group from an adult’s perspective, using the benefits of a small-scale qualitative approach and principles of participatory research. It is for this reason that in the paper we present selected insights gained in an exploratory qualitative study in which we conducted shadowing and interviews with adults with learning difficulties as well as focus groups with professionals. The unit of analysis is social practices, which shifts the attention from behavioural or cognitive facets of individuals towards the ways of acting out numeracy in everyday contexts. In our conclusion, we argue for a resource-oriented perspective on numeracy learning, thus recognising the voices of all adult learners, and for emphasising the emancipatory potential of acting out numeracy, which help enable rather than disable learners.
Tangible Heritage of the Historical Stonework Centre in Brusno Stare in the Roztocze Area (SE Poland) as an Opportunity for the Development of Geotourism
Authors: Brzezińska-Wójcik Teresa , Skowronek Ewa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe investigation relates to the human-environment relationships in the development of geotourism. The study is focused on the stonemasonry heritage of the historical Stonework Centre in Brusno Stare – a former, now non-existent village, abandoned after World War II, in SE Poland. The “stonemasonry” heritage was included into the potential Kamienny Las na Roztoczu Geopark. Preparation of these usable, sacral, sepulchral objects, as well as the quarry requires geological and historical interpretation to become cultural geosites. The aim of the present study is to highlight the importance of the interpretation of these objects based on the combination of knowledge in the fields of geology, history, and culture. This objective has been achieved by querying available literature, inventory, and assessments of geosites. The conceptual spatial-temporal model has been proposed to illustrate the holistic approach to the potential cultural geosites considered in the manuscript. The results obtained in the study indicate the scientific, educational, and geotouristic potential of the stonemasonry heritage of the ancient Stonework Centre of Brusno Stare. Popularization and promotion of these objects is needed to make them attractive cultural geosites and contribute to the development of geotourism in the Roztocze area.
Climate modulation of summer rainstorm activity in eastern China based on the Tibetan Plateau spring heating
Authors: Huang Wubin , Zhao Yang , Sun Chan , Wang Huimei , Wang Xue 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRainstorm intensity and frequency in eastern China are closely associated with the Asian summer monsoon, one of the largest and most pronounced circulation systems on Earth. Changes in monsoon strength are linked to mechanical and thermal forcing by the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which, as an extensive elevated landmass, forms a vast heat source that protrudes into the free atmosphere. However, the impact of TP heating variability on rainstorm behavior in eastern China remains unclear. By analyzing 50 years of climate data, significant interannual variability was identified in the occurrence of rainstorms (precipitation amounts of > 50 mm), with decreased trend in northern China and increased variability in southern China. Results show that these changes are closely related with the springtime TP heating, indicating that recent changes in rainstorm distributions in eastern China are consistent with interdecadal variability in TP thermal forcing.
Polygon stacks and time reference conversions
Authors: Lenzen Christoph , Klaehn Rüdiger , Prüfer Sven , Wörle Maria Theresia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper describes how a time-based planning system, which supports resource constraints, may be extended such that a resource constraint interval does not have to refer to the start- or end-time of the underlying activity but to any linear combination thereof, such as the middle. This way, an activity with multiple resource constraints referring to different time intervals no longer has to be split into sub-activities, which may simplify the planning model and the algorithm. To be able to describe the necessary transformations, we introduce the concept of PolygonStacks and describe the operations which a typical planning engine requires to intersect the sets of consistent timeline entries of all constraints defined on an activity. We then introduce Sliders and Offsets, which allow specifying the constraint intervals in a more generic way as supported in current planning models. Based on this preparation, we can derive two lemmas, which provide the conversions required by Sliders and Offsets. We continue with several conversion examples and point out how to solve the issues which will occur during implementation. A short sketch of the complexity of our current implementation demonstrates that further work on performance should be considered, even though in practice we observe that the bottleneck of calculation remains within profile calculation rather than PolygonStack operations.
The Marital Implications of Bereavement: Child Death and Intimate Partner Violence in West and Central Africa
Authors: Weitzman Abigail , Smith-Greenaway Emily 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn high-mortality contexts, research examining the effects of child mortality has focused almost exclusively on couples’ fertility responses while overlooking other potential family consequences. Using nationally representative survey data from 13 West and Central African countries, we estimate multilevel discrete-time hazard models to determine how women’s risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) varies with the death of children. We assess heterogeneity in this association across two surrounding circumstances: children’s age at death and regional prevalence of child bereavement. Findings indicate that the risk of IPV initiation rises with the death of children under age 5—for whom women are most intensely responsible—but not with the death of older children. The effect of young child bereavement is most pronounced in regions where it is least prevalent among mothers—a finding not explained by concomitant regional variation in gender inequality, family norms, and infrastructural development. These findings highlight the importance of child mortality for family outcomes beyond fertility in the African context and demonstrate the prominent role of the broader mortality context in shaping these implications.
Crime and Inequality in Academic Achievement Across School Districts in the United States
Authors: Torrats-Espinosa Gerard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of violent crime on school district–level achievement in English language arts (ELA) and mathematics. The research design exploits variation in achievement and violent crime across 813 school districts in the United States and seven birth cohorts of children born between 1996 and 2002. The identification strategy leverages exogenous shocks to crime rates arising from the availability of federal funds to hire police officers in the local police departments where the school districts operate. Results show that children who entered the school system when the violent crime rate in their school districts was lower score higher in ELA by the end of eighth grade, relative to children attending schools in the same district but who entered the school system when the violent crime rate was higher. A 10% decline in the violent crime rate experienced at ages 0–6 raises eighth-grade ELA achievement in the district by 0.03 standard deviations. Models that estimate effects by race and gender show larger impacts among Black children and boys. The district-wide effect on mathematics achievement is smaller and statistically nonsignificant. These findings extend our understanding of the geography of educational opportunity in the United States and reinforce the idea that understanding inequalities in academic achievement requires evidence on what happens inside as well as outside schools.
Bank power and public policy since the financial crisis
Authors: Macartney Huw , Howarth David , James Scott 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite much commentary in the media and the popular assumption that the banking industry exerts undue influence on government policy-making, the academic literature on the role of the banks since the 2008 financial crisis remains theoretically and empirically under-specified. In particular, we argue that different forms of financial power are often conflated, while favorable policy outcomes are too-readily assumed to be evidence of regulatory capture. In short, we still know relatively little about how bank influence varies over time and in different national contexts, the extent to which banking interests are unified or divided, and the conditions under which banks are capable of producing meaningful variation in policy outcomes. This article has three objectives: 1) to explain why the debate on bank influence matters; 2) to examine the evidence of bank influence since the international financial crisis; and 3) to set out a range of conceptual tools for thinking about bank power.
Knowledge flows, strategic motives and innovation performance: Insights from Australian and New Zealand investment in Europe
Authors: Ingršt Igor , Zámborský Peter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe study the international innovation strategies of Australian and New Zealand (ANZ) firms in the European context, to explain their investment motives, knowledge flows and innovation performance. Our thematic analysis of seven case studies suggests that ANZ investors' motives for innovation in Europe are often both market- and knowledge-seeking and that some are also motivated by diversification and cooperation. While the strategic intent is often for the knowledge to flow in multiple directions among subsidiaries and headquarters (HQ), distance poses challenges to the efficiency of the process. European subsidiaries are often seen as potentially playing a key role in firms' global innovation systems, particularly with regards to radical innovation. However, because of distance and communication bottlenecks (e.g., time zone differences), HQ does not always recognise this potential. We develop a model proposing that HQ–subsidiary trust and strategic motives are moderators in the process of international knowledge connectivity and knowledge creation.
Past Is Another Resource: Remembering the 70th Anniversary of the Victory Day on LiveJournal
Authors: Makhortykh Mykola , Lyebyedyev Yehor , Kravtsov Daniel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn our article we examine changes experienced by media and memory systems in Russia since the beginning of the Ukraine crisis. Using as an example a popular Russian blogging platform, LiveJournal, we scrutinize how the digital practices related to commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany are influenced by the growing instrumentalization of Second World War memory for media propaganda and manipulation. Using topic modeling to analyze a large set of data on Russian users’ interactions with the platform, we examine how hegemonic and alternative interpretations of the Second World War interact on LiveJournal and how their interactions are influenced by the growing antagonism between Russia and the West. Our findings suggest that LiveJournal constitutes a fractured memory system, which is characterized by uneven representation of Second World War experiences and the growing influence of pro-government actors promoting hegemonic war narratives. However, our observations also show that instrumentalization of the past in the context of the Ukraine crisis does not necessarily interfere with digital practices of Second World War commemoration with the latter remaining unaffected by the events in Ukraine.
Muslim Orders in Russia: Trade Networks andHijamaHealing
Authors: Turaeva Rano 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article sheds light on the informal institutional settings that guide the social and economic lives of Muslim migrants in Moscow. Mosques andmedresses(Muslim theological schools) serve as central locations from which these institutions emanate, evolve, and transform. Case studies of trade networks andHijama(wet cupping) healing practices demonstrate the inner workings of such institutions. The article draws on the theoretical traditions of informal institutions and new institutionalists focusing on anthropological works on agency and institutions. These analytical frameworks and concepts help explain the mechanisms and processes involved in the institutionalization of Muslim lives in Moscow. I argue that individual agency and charismatic leadership of individual members of the community play formative roles in institutionalizing daily practices and constituting normative orders of Muslims in Moscow. The article is based on fieldwork conducted in Moscow and Perm during 2016, 2017, and 2019.
Bilinear identities involving thek-plane transform and Fourier extension operators
Authors: Beltran David , Vega Luis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe prove certainL2(ℝn) bilinear estimates for Fourier extension operators associated to spheres and hyperboloids under the action of thek-plane transform. As the estimates areL2-based, they follow from bilinear identities: in particular, these are the analogues of a known identity for paraboloids, and may be seen as higher-dimensional versions of the classicalL2(ℝ2)-bilinear identity for Fourier extension operators associated to curves in ℝ2.
Opportunity for Thailand's forgotten tigers: assessment of the Indochinese tiger Panthera tigris corbetti and its prey with camera-trap surveys
Authors: Ash Eric , Kaszta Żaneta , Noochdumrong Adisorn , Redford Tim , Chanteap Prawatsart , Hallam Christopher , Jaroensuk Booncherd , Raksat Somsuan , Srinoppawan Kanchit , Macdonald David W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDramatic population declines threaten the Endangered Indochinese tiger Panthera tigris corbetti with extinction. Thailand now plays a critical role in its conservation, as there are few known breeding populations in other range countries. Thailand's Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex is recognized as an important tiger recovery site, but it remains poorly studied. Here, we present results from the first camera-trap study focused on tigers and implemented across all protected areas in this landscape. Our goal was to assess tiger and prey populations across the five protected areas of this forest complex, reviewing discernible patterns in rates of detection. We conducted camera-trap surveys opportunistically during 2008–2017. We recorded 1,726 detections of tigers in 79,909 camera-trap nights. Among these were at least 16 adults and six cubs/juveniles from four breeding females. Detection rates of both tigers and potential prey species varied considerably between protected areas over the study period. Our findings suggest heterogeneity in tiger distribution across this relatively continuous landscape, potentially influenced by distribution of key prey species. This study indicates that the Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex is one of the few remaining breeding locations of the Indochinese tiger. Despite limitations posed by our study design, our findings have catalysed increased research and conservation interest in this globally important population at a critical time for tiger conservation in South-east Asia.