bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relaxation mechanism and conductivity studies of lead-free ceramics: Fe1/2(NaLi)1/4TiO3
Authors: Barik Subrat Kumar , Ulla A. R. Atique 
Published: February 2020

A single-phase lead-free ferroelectric compound, Fe[Formula: see text](NaLi)[Formula: see text]TiO3, is found at room temperature. The solid state reaction technique helps to process the sample at the calcination and sintering temperatures of 900 and 950[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]C for 4 h respectively. The desired phase and crystal structure formation of the prepared sample are confirmed by analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data and are found to be in orthorhombic structure. The correlation among phase formation and physical properties has been established by using complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) method over a wide range of frequencies (from 100 Hz to 1 MHz) and different temperatures (25–280[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]C). The overlap depressed semicircular arcs represent the association of grain and grain boundary effects in the material. Activation energy [Formula: see text] is noted to be 1 eV for the prepared sample. The frequency dependent ac conductivity is followed by Jonscher’s universal power law. DC conductivity versus temperature graph also indicates the negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior of the material.
Using Bayesian Network to Estimate the Value of Decisions within the Context of Value-Based Software Engineering: A Multiple Case Study
Authors: Mendes Emilia , Freitas Vitor , Perkusich Mirko , Nunes João , Ramos Felipe , Costa Alexandre , Saraiva Renata , Freire Arthur 
Published: February 2020

Context: Companies must make a paradigm shift in which both short- and long-term value aspects are employed to guide their decision-making. Such need is pressing in innovative industries, such as ICT, and is the core of Value-based Software Engineering (VBSE). Objective: This paper details three case studies where value estimation models using Bayesian Network (BN) were built and validated. These estimation models were based upon value-based decisions made by key stakeholders in the contexts of feature selection, test cases execution prioritization, and user interfaces design selection. Methods: All three case studies were carried out according to a Framework called VALUE — improVing decision-mAking reLating to software-intensive prodUcts and sErvices development. This framework includes a mixed-methods approach, comprising several steps to build and validate company-specific value estimation models. Such a building process uses as input data key stakeholders’ decisions (gathered using the Value tool), plus additional input from key stakeholders. Results: Three value estimation BN models were built and validated, and the feedback received from the participating stakeholders was very positive. Conclusions: We detail the building and validation of three value estimation BN models, using a combination of data from past decision-making meetings and also input from key stakeholders.
A Multi-Institutional Cohort of Therapy-Associated Polyposis in Childhood and Young Adulthood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Biller Leah H. , Ukaegbu Chinedu , Dhingra Tara G. , Burke Carol A. , Chertock Yana , Chittenden Anuradha , Church James M. , Koeppe Erika S. , Leach Brandie H. , Levinson Elana , Lim Ramona M. , Lutz Megan , Salo-Mullen Erin , Sheikh Rania , Idos Gregory , Kastrinos Fay , Stoffel Elena , Weiss Jennifer M. , Hall Michael J. , Kalady Matthew F. , Stadler Zsofia K. , Syngal Sapna , Yurgelun Matthew B. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Prior small reports have postulated a link between gastrointestinal polyposis and childhood and young adulthood cancer (CYAC) treatment (therapy-associated polyposis; TAP), but this remains a poorly understood phenomenon. The aim of this study was to describe the phenotypic spectrum of TAP in a multi-institutional cohort. TAP cases were identified from eight high-risk cancer centers. Cases were defined as patients with ≥10 gastrointestinal polyps without known causative germline alteration or hereditary colorectal cancer predisposition syndrome who had a history of prior treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for CYAC. A total of 34 TAP cases were included (original CYAC: 27 Hodgkin lymphoma, three neuroblastoma, one acute myeloid leukemia, one medulloblastoma, one nephroblastoma, and one non-Hodgkin lymphoma). Gastrointestinal polyposis was first detected at a median of 27 years (interquartile range, 20–33) after CYAC treatment. A total of 12 of 34 (35%) TAP cases had ≥50 colorectal polyps. A total of 32 of 34 (94%) had &gt;1 histologic polyp type. A total of 25 of 34 (74%) had clinical features suggestive of ≥1 colorectal cancer predisposition syndrome [e.g., attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), serrated polyposis syndrome, extracolonic manifestations of FAP, mismatch repair–deficient colorectal cancer, or hamartomatous polyposis] including 8 of 34 (24%) with features of multiple such syndromes. TAP is an apparently acquired phenomenon that should be considered in patients who develop significant polyposis without known causative germline alteration but who have had prior treatment for a CYAC. Patients with TAP have features that may mimic various hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes, suggesting multiple concurrent biologic mechanisms, and recognition of this diagnosis may have implications for cancer risk and screening.
СИНДРОМ ПОЛІКІСТОЗНИХ ЯЄЧНИКІВ ЯК ЧИННИК ЕНДОКРИННОГО БЕЗПЛІДДЯ
Authors: Khmil M. S. , Khmil-Doswald A. S. , Khmil S. V. 
Published: February 2020

Мета роботи. Проаналізувати літературні дані щодо етіопатогенетичних чинників синдрому полікістосних яєчників у розвитку ендокринного безпліддя.
Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні опрацьовано наукові публікації за останнє десятиліття, які доступні у мережі «Інтернет», ключовими словами були «синдром полікістозних яєчників», «ендокринне безпліддя».
Результати й обговорення. У 80–90 % жінок причиною ановуляторного безпліддя є СПКЯ. Механізм ановуляції при СПКЯ залишається не зрозумілим, але є дані про те, що порушення росту фолікулів, яке характерне для ановуляторних жінок із СПКЯ, відображає ендокринний дисбаланс. Ключова роль у патогенезі СПКЯ належить дефекту ензимних систем. Для жінок із СПКЯ характерна наявність резистентності до інсуліну, центральне ожиріння та дисліпідемія, які також впливають на фертильність.
Висновки. Розуміння патогенезу СПКЯ (спадкових, метаболічних, ендокринних факторів та чинників зовнішнього середовища) дозволяє обґрунтувати тактику лікування ановуляторного безпліддя, спричиненого даним захворюванням.
КЛІНІЧНИЙ ВИПАДОК ГІПЕРПРОЛАКТИНЕМІЇ, ПОЄДНАНОЇ ІЗ ПІДВИЩЕННЯМ ТИРЕОТРОПНОГО ГОРМОНУ
Authors: Mazur L. P. , Marushchak M. I. , Naumova L. V. , Krytskyi T. I. , Danylevych Yu. O. 
Published: February 2020

Результати й обговорення. Гіперпролактинемія є стійким підвищенням вмісту пролактину в плазмі крові. Вона буває у вигляді фізіологічної і патологічної форм у жінок і чоловіків, частота якої складає близько 17 випадків на 100 тис. населення. Причинами гіперпролактинемії є пухлини гіпофіза, первинний гіпотиреоз, хронічна ниркова недостатність, цироз печінки, синдром полікістозних яєчників, приймання ряду лікарських засобів. Частота ідіопатичних гіперпролактинемій складає близько 30–40 %. Поєднання гіперпролактинемії із високою концентрацією ТТГ потребує диференціювати змішану аденому гіпофіза з гіперпролактинемією як проявом гіпотиреозу. В статті наведено клінічний випадок гіперпролактинемії, що поєднувалася із високою концентрацією ТТГ у крові. Пацієнтку турбували загальна слабість, втомлюваність, частий головний біль, що пов’язувала зі значною інтенсивністю навчання у школі. Виявлено підвищені рівні тиреотропного гормону в крові, пролактину і тироксину вільного. Вміст соматотропного, лютеїнізуючого, фолікулостимулюючого гормонів та кортизолу крові був у межах норми. В лівій половині аденогіпофіза виявлено вогнище розмірами 4×3 мм (ймовірніше мікроаденома). Проведено динамічне спостереження із визначенням рівнів пролактину, тиреотропного гормону і тироксину вільного, а також магнітно-резонансного дослідження гіпофіза. Лікування з комбінацією каберголіном, лікарським засобом, що містить сухий екстракт плодів прутняка звичайного, а також L-тироксином, дозволило досягти нормопролактинемії без зниження вмісту пролактину менше норми та утримувати рівень тиреотропного гормону та тироксину вільного в межах норми, не спричиняючи при цьому симптомів передозування L-тироксину.
Paradoxical Higher Myocardial Wall Stress and Increased Cardiac Remodeling Despite Lower Mass in Females
Authors: Phua Andrew I. H. , Le Thu‐Thao , Tara Su W. , De Marvao Antonio , Duan Jinming , Toh Desiree‐Faye , Ang Briana , Bryant Jennifer A. , O'Regan Declan P. , Cook Stuart A. , Chin Calvin W. L. 
Published: February 2020

Background

Increased left ventricular (
LV
) mass is characterized by increased myocardial wall thickness and/or ventricular dilatation that is associated with worse outcomes. We aim to comprehensively compare sex‐stratified associations between measures of
LV
remodeling and increasing
LV
mass in the general population.

Methods and Results

Participants were prospectively recruited in the National Heart Center Singapore Biobank to examine health and cardiovascular risk factors in the general population. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance was performed in all individuals. Participants with established cardiovascular diseases and abnormal cardiovascular magnetic resonance scan results were excluded. Global and regional measures of
LV
remodeling (geometry, function, interstitial volumes, and wall stress) were performed using conventional image analysis and novel 3‐dimensional machine learning phenotyping. Sex‐stratified analyses were performed in 1005 participants (57% males; 53±13 years). Age and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors were well‐matched in both sexes (
P
>0.05 for all). Progressive increase in
LV
mass was associated with increased concentricity in either sex, but to a greater extent in females. Compared with males, females had higher wall stress (mean difference: 170 mm Hg,
P
<0.0001) despite smaller
LV
mass (42.4±8.2 versus 55.6±14.2 g/m
2
,
P
<0.0001), lower blood pressures (
P
<0.0001), and higher
LV
ejection fraction (61.9±5.9% versus 58.6±6.4%,
P
<0.0001). The regions of increased concentric remodeling corresponded to regions of increased wall stress. Compared with males, females had increased extracellular volume fraction (27.1±2.4% versus 25.1±2.9%,
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions

Compared with males, females have lower
LV
mass, increased wall stress, and concentric remodeling. These findings provide mechanistic insights that females are susceptible to particular cardiovascular complications.
Fixed Compared With Autoregulation-Oriented Blood Pressure Thresholds After Mechanical Thrombectomy for Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Petersen Nils H. , Silverman Andrew , Strander Sumita M. , Kodali Sreeja , Wang Anson , Sansing Lauren H. , Schindler Joseph L. , Falcone Guido J. , Gilmore Emily J. , Jasne Adam S. , Cord Branden , Hebert Ryan M. , Johnson Michele , Matouk Charles C. , Sheth Kevin N. 
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose—
Loss of cerebral autoregulation in the acute phase of ischemic stroke leaves patients vulnerable to blood pressure (BP) changes. Effective BP management after endovascular thrombectomy may protect the brain from hypoperfusion or hyperperfusion. In this observational study, we compared personalized, autoregulation-based BP targets to static systolic BP thresholds.

Methods—
We prospectively enrolled 90 patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy for stroke. Autoregulatory function was continuously measured by interrogating changes in near-infrared spectroscopy–derived tissue oxygenation (a cerebral blood flow surrogate) in response to changes in mean arterial pressure. The resulting autoregulatory index was used to trend the BP range at which autoregulation was most preserved. Percent time that mean arterial pressure exceeded the upper limit of autoregulation or decreased below the lower limit of autoregulation was calculated for each patient. Time above fixed systolic BP thresholds was computed in a similar fashion. Functional outcome was measured with the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days.

Results—

Personalized limits of autoregulation were successfully computed in all 90 patients (age 71.6±16.2, 47% female, mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 13.9±5.7, monitoring time 28.0±18.4 hours). Percent time with mean arterial pressure above the upper limit of autoregulation associated with worse 90-day outcomes (odds ratio per 10% 1.84 [95% CI, 1.3–2.7]
P
=0.002), and patients with hemorrhagic transformation spent more time above the upper limit of autoregulation (10.9% versus 16.0%,
P
=0.042). Although there appeared to be a nonsignificant trend towards worse outcome with increasing time above systolic BP thresholds of 140 mm Hg and 160 mm Hg, the effect sizes were smaller compared with the personalized approach.

Conclusions—
Noninvasive determination of personalized BP thresholds for stroke patients is feasible. Deviation from these limits may increase risk of further brain injury and poor functional outcome. This approach may present a better strategy compared with the classical approach of maintaining systolic BP below a predetermined value, though a randomized trial is needed to determine the optimal approach for hemodynamic management.
Temporal Trends in Stroke Incidence Over Time by Sex and Age in the GCNKSS
Authors: Madsen Tracy E. , Khoury Jane C. , Leppert Michelle , Alwell Kathleen , Moomaw Charles J. , Sucharew Heidi , Woo Daniel , Ferioli Simona , Martini Sharyl , Adeoye Opeolu , Khatri Pooja , Flaherty Matthew , De Los Rios La Rosa Felipe , Mackey Jason , Mistry Eva , Demel Stacie L. , Coleman Elisheva , Jasne Adam , Slavin Sabreena J. , Walsh Kyle , Star Michael , Broderick Joseph P. , Kissela Brett M. , Kleindorfer Dawn O. 
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose—
Sex differences in stroke incidence over time were previously reported from the GCNKSS (Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study). We aimed to determine whether these differences continued through 2015 and whether they were driven by particular age groups.

Methods—
Within the GCNKSS population of 1.3 million, incident (first ever) strokes among residents ≥20 years of age were ascertained at all local hospitals during 5 periods: July 1993 to June 1994 and calendar years 1999, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Out-of-hospital cases were sampled. Sex-specific incidence rates per 100 000 were adjusted for age and race and standardized to the 2010 US Census. Trends over time by sex were compared (overall and age stratified). Sex-specific case fatality rates were also reported. Bonferroni corrections were applied for multiple comparisons.

Results—

Over the 5 study periods, there were 9733 incident strokes (56.3% women). For women, there were 229 (95% CI, 215–242) per 100 000 incident strokes in 1993/1994 and 174 (95% CI, 163–185) in 2015 (
P
<0.05), compared with 282 (95% CI, 263–301) in 1993/1994 to 211 (95% CI, 198–225) in 2015 (
P
<0.05) in men. Incidence rates decreased between the first and last study periods in both sexes for IS but not for intracerebral hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Significant decreases in stroke incidence occurred between the first and last study periods for both sexes in the 65- to 84-year age group and men only in the ≥85-year age group; stroke incidence increased for men only in the 20- to 44-year age group.

Conclusions—
Overall stroke incidence decreased from the early 1990s to 2015 for both sexes. Future studies should continue close surveillance of sex differences in the 20- to 44-year and ≥85-year age groups, and future stroke prevention strategies should target strokes in the young- and middle-age groups, as well as intracerebral hemorrhage.
Quantifying the dynamics of topical fluctuations in language
Authors: Karjus Andres , Blythe Richard A. , Kirby Simon , Smith Kenny 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The availability of large diachronic corpora has provided the impetus for a growing body of quantitative research on language evolution and meaning change. The central quantities in this research are token frequencies of linguistic elements in texts, with changes in frequency taken to reflect the popularity or selective fitness of an element. However, corpus frequencies may change for a wide variety of reasons, including purely random sampling effects, or because corpora are composed of contemporary media and fiction texts within which the underlying topics ebb and flow with cultural and socio-political trends. In this work, we introduce a simple model for controlling for topical fluctuations in corpora—the topical-cultural advection model—and demonstrate how it provides a robust baseline of variability in word frequency changes over time. We validate the model on a diachronic corpus spanning two centuries, and a carefully-controlled artificial language change scenario, and then use it to correct for topical fluctuations in historical time series. Finally, we use the model to show that the emergence of new words typically corresponds with the rise of a trending topic. This suggests that some lexical innovations occur due to growing communicative need in a subspace of the lexicon, and that the topical-cultural advection model can be used to quantify this.
Prehistoric languages and human self-domestication
Authors: Benítez-Burraco Antonio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The comparative method has enabled us to trace distant phylogenetic relationships among languages and reconstruct extinct languages from the past. Nonetheless, it has limitations, mostly resulting from the circumstance that languages also change by contact with unrelated languages and in response to external factors, particularly, aspects of human cognition and features of our physical and cultural environments. In this paper, it is argued that the limitations of historical linguistics can be partially alleviated by the consideration of the links between language structure and the biological underpinnings of human language, human cognition, and human behaviour, and specifically, of human self-domestication (that is, the existence in humans of features of domesticated mammals). Overall, we can expect that the languages spoken in remote prehistory exhibited most of the features of the so-called esoteric languages, which are used by present-day, close-knit, small human communities that share a great deal of knowledge about their environment.
The Making of a Metric: Co-Producing Decision-Relevant Climate Science
Authors: Jagannathan Kripa , Jones Andrew D. , Ray Isha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDeveloping decision-relevant science for adaptation requires the identification of climatic parameters that are both actionable for practitioners as well as tractable for modelers. In many sectors, these decision-relevant climatic metrics and the approaches that enable their identification remain largely unknown. “Co-production” of science with scientists and decision-makers is one potential way to identify these metrics, but there is little research describing specific and successful co-production approaches. This paper examines the negotiations and outcomes from Project Hyperion, wherein scientists and water managers jointly developed decision-relevant climatic metrics for adaptive water management. We identify successful co-production strategies by analyzing the project’s numerous back-and-forth engagements and tracing the evolution of the science during these engagements. We found that effective mediation between scientists and managers needed dedicated “boundary spanners” with significant modeling expertise. Translating practitioners’ information needs into tractable climatic metrics required direct and indirect methods of eliciting knowledge. We identified four indirect methods that were particularly salient for extracting tacitly held knowledge and enabling shared learning: developing a hierarchical framework linking management issues with metrics, starting discussions from the planning challenges, collaboratively exploring the planning relevance of new scientific capabilities, and using analogies of other “good” metrics. The decision-relevant metrics we developed provide insights into advancing adaptation-relevant climate science in the water sector. The co-production strategies we identified can be used to design and implement productive scientist–decision-maker interactions. Overall, the approaches and metrics we developed can help climate science to expand in new and more use-inspired directions.
Gravity Wave Excitation during the Coastal Transition of an Extreme Katabatic Flow in Antarctica
Authors: Vignon Étienne , Picard Ghislain , Durán-Alarcón Claudio , Alexander Simon P. , Gallée Hubert , Berne Alexis 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The offshore extent of Antarctic katabatic winds exerts a strong control on the production of sea ice and the formation of polynyas. In this study, we make use of a combination of ground-based remotely sensed and meteorological measurements at Dumont d’Urville (DDU) station, satellite images, and simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model to analyze a major katabatic wind event in Adélie Land. Once well developed over the slope of the ice sheet, the katabatic flow experiences an abrupt transition near the coastal edge consisting of a sharp increase in the boundary layer depth, a sudden decrease in wind speed, and a decrease in Froude number from 3.5 to 0.3. This so-called katabatic jump manifests as a turbulent “wall” of blowing snow in which updrafts exceed 5 m s−1. The wall reaches heights of 1000 m and its horizontal extent along the coast is more than 400 km. By destabilizing the boundary layer downstream, the jump favors the trapping of a gravity wave train—with a horizontal wavelength of 10.5 km—that develops in a few hours. The trapped gravity waves exert a drag that considerably slows down the low-level outflow. Moreover, atmospheric rotors form below the first wave crests. The wind speed record measured at DDU in 2017 (58.5 m s−1) is due to the vertical advection of momentum by a rotor. A statistical analysis of observations at DDU reveals that katabatic jumps and low-level trapped gravity waves occur frequently over coastal Adélie Land. It emphasizes the important role of such phenomena in the coastal Antarctic dynamics.