bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic analysis of demographic history and ecological niche modeling in the endangered Chinese Grouse Tetrastes sewerzowi
Authors: Song Kai , Gao Bin , Halvarsson Peter , Fang Yun , Jiang Ying-Xin , Sun Yue-Hua , Höglund Jacob 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The Quaternary is characterized by marked climatic oscillations between glacial and interglacial periods that had worldwide consequences in forming the contemporary diversity of many populations, species and communities. The origin and evolution of biodiversity in mountainous areas are highly dependent on historical orogenesis and associated climatic changes. The Chinese grouse Tetrastes sewerzowi is a forest-dwelling species endemic to the mountains to the east of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, which has been listed as Near Threatened with a decreasing trend by the IUCN because of ongoing deforestation and fragmentation of coniferous forests. Understanding demographic history is important in placing current population status into a broader ecological and evolutionary context. Results: Analyses of the Chinese Grouse genome revealed fluctuations in effective population size throughout the Pleistocene. Populations decreased during early to middle Pleistocene but showed an expansion during late Pleistocene which was then followed by a sharp decline during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Ecological niche modeling indicated that a suitable habitat shift between high altitude regions to low altitude regions was due to a changing climate. This result parallels patterns of population size change in Chinese Grouse estimated from PSMC modelling, which suggested an expansion in population size from the last interglacial period (LIG) and then a peak and a bottleneck occurring at the last glacial maximum (LGM). Furthermore, the present-day distribution of Chinese Grouse is greatly reduced and fragmented. It will likely become even more fragmented in the future since coniferous forest cover is threatened in the region of their distribution and the availability of such habitat restricts their ecological niche. Conclusions: The Chinese Grouse have experienced substantial population size changes from the beginning to the LIG and reached a peak before the LGM. A sharp decrease and bottleneck occurred during the LGM, when the coniferous forests were subjected to extensive loss. The results inferred from the whole genome sequencing and species distribution models both support historical population fluctuations. The distribution of the Chinese Grouse is strongly dependent on the coniferous forest cover. To protect the fragmented coniferous forests is an essential action to protect the Chinese Grouse.
Magnitude of Turnover Intention and Associated Factors Among Nurses Working in Emergency Departments of Governmental Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross sectional institutional based study.
Authors: Aniley Andualem Wubetie , Taye Biniyam , Girma Biruk 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Turnover intention is a probability of an employee to leave the current institution within a certain period due to various factors. It is the strongest predictor of actual turnover expected to increase as the intention increases. Emergency Department (ED) nurses are especially vulnerable to turnover because of their increased potential for developing burnout and compassion fatigue with the work environment has a great role. The aim of this study was to assess nurses’ intention to leave their current health institution and associated factors in emergency departments of selected governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 102 nurses in three selected governmental hospitals, Addis Ababa from February 19 to March 31, 2018, using a structured pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression model was used and adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated to identify associated factors.Result: A total of 102 respondents were involved with a response rate of 91.1%. Among them, 79 (77.5%) respondents had the intention to leave the current working unit of the emergency department or hospital. Significant predictive factors of nurses' intention to leave their jobs are educational status (adjusted odds ratio (OR) =4.700, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.033- 50.772; p<0.048), monthly income of Less than 3145 Birr (adjusted OR=6.05, 95% CI=1.056-34.641; p<0.043) and professional autonomy (adjusted OR=0.191, 95% CI=0.040- 0.908; p<0.037).Conclusion: more than 77% of the respondents has intention to leave their current working place of emergency unit. Educational status; monthly income and autonomy were significantly associated with emergency nurses’ turnover intention in three governmental hospitals. Emergency leaders and hospital managers should have made efforts to enhance nurses' decision making for patient care activities and shared decision overwork or unit related activities.
A high fat diet with a high C18:0/C16:0 ratio induced worse metabolic and transcriptomic profiles in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Wang Liqiang , Xu Fei , Song Zhenfeng , Han Dan , Zhang jingyi , Chen Linjun , Na Lixin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Differential effects of individual saturated fatty acids (SFAs), particularly stearic acid (C18:0), relative to the shorter-chain SFAs have drawn interest for more accurate nutritional guidelines. However, specific biologic and pathologic functions that can be assigned to particular SFAs are very limited. The present study was designed to compare changes in metabolic and transcriptomic profiles in mice caused by a high C18:0 diet and high palmitic acid (C16:0) diet.Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to a normal fat diet (NFD), a high fat diet with high C18:0/C16:0 ratio (HSF) or an isocaloric high fat diet with a low C18:0/C16:0 ratio (LSF) for 10 weeks. An oral glucose tolerance test, 72-h energy expenditure measurement and CT scan of body fat were done before sacrifice. Fasting glucose and lipids were determined by an autobiochemical analyzer. Blood insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Free fatty acids (FFAs) profiles in blood and liver were determined by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Microarray analysis was applied to investigate changes in transcriptomic profiles in the liver. Pathway analysis and Gene Ontology analysis were applied to describe the roles of differentially expressed mRNAs. Results: Compared with the NFD group, body weight, body fat ratio, fasting blood glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride, IL-6, serum and liver FFAs including total FFAs, C16:0 and C18:0 were increased in both high fat diet groups and were much higher in the HSF group than in the LSF group. Both HSF and LSF mice exhibited distinguishable lncRNA, microRNA and mRNA expression profiles when compared with those of NFD mice. Additionally, more differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were observed in the HSF group than in the LSF group. Some biological functions and pathways, other than energy metabolism regulation, were identified as differentially expressed mRNAs between the HSF group and LSF group. Conclusion: The high fat diet with a high C18:0/C16:0 ratio induced more severe glucose and lipid metabolic disorders and inflammation and affected expression of more lncRNAs and mRNAs than an isocaloric low C18:0/C16:0 ratio diet in mice. These results provide new insights into the differences in biological functions and related mechanisms, other than glucose and lipid metabolism, between C16:0 and C18:0.
Bacterial infections in a pediatric cohort of primary and acquired complement deficiencies.
Authors: Al-Shaikhly Taha , Hayward Kristen , Basiaga Matthew L , Allenspach Eric J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Acquired complement deficiency can occur in the setting of autoimmune syndromes, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with very low or, occasionally, undetectable C3 levels. Based on inherited complement defects, patients with transiently low complement may be at similar risk for serious bacterial infection, but the degree of risk related to C3 level and temporal association is unknown. Methods: We performed a retrospective study including pediatric patients with undetectable total complement activity or absent individual complement components measured at our institution from 2002 to 2018. We assessed annual rate of serious bacterial infection (SBI) defined as requiring hospitalization and/or parenteral antibiotics by manual chart review. Among included SLE patients, we assessed the 30-day probability of SBI for given C3 measurements using a logistic regression model to determine risk. Primary complement deficiency was analyzed for SBI rate as comparison. Covariates included age, level of immune suppression and history of lupus nephritis.Results: Acquired complement deficiency secondary to SLE-related disease [n=44] was the most common underlying diagnosis associated with depressed complement levels and were compared to a cohort of primary complement deficient patients [n=18]. SBI per 100 person-years and cohort demographics were described in parallel. Our logistic regression analysis of pediatric patients with SLE showed low C3 level was temporally associated with having an SBI event. Given equivalent immunosuppression, patients with an SBI had lower C3 levels at the beginning of the observation period relative to patients without SBI. Conclusion: Pediatric patients with the diagnosis of SLE can develop very low C3 levels that associate with risk of serious bacterial infection comparable to that of patients with primary complement deficiency. Patients prone to severe complement consumption may particularly be at risk.
Factors facilitating trained NIMART nurses’ adherence to treatment guidelines: A vital matter in the management of TB/HIV treatment in South Africa
Authors: MAKHADO LUFUNO , Davhana-Maselesele Mashudu , Lebese Rachel Tsakani , Maputle Sonto Maria 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Globally, the burden of tuberculosis or human immunodeficiency virus (TB/HIV) is at 24% and this alarming rate compelled the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare the African region as a critical workforce shortage area. To facilitate adherence to treatment guidelines, WHO recommended a strategy of task shifting for countries with high health workforce shortages. The strategy aimed at the redistribution of health care tasks to available workers. The purpose of this study was to determine factors facilitating trained nurse-initiated management of antiretroviral therapy (NIMART) adherence to TB/HIV treatment guidelines in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) and North West (NW) Provinces of South Africa.Design: The study was qualitative, exploratory-descriptive in nature. The population comprised of 24 participants who were purposively selected. The in-depth focus group discussions were conducted and data analysis was through ATLAS T.I. software program (version 7.0). This followed the basic steps of notice-collect-think (NCT) analysis. Trustworthiness and adherence to ethics were ensured.Results: The singular theme of factors facilitating trained NIMART nurses’ adherence to treatment guidelines which included positive attitudinal needs and positive behavioural change emerged from raw data. Conclusion: Continuous training, support supervision and improved relationships with colleagues need to be enhanced to enable NIMART nurses to adhere to treatment guidelines.
The relationship between parents’ dietary care and food diversity among preschool children in Japan
Authors: Ishikawa Midori , Haraikawa Mayu , Eto Kumi , Yoshiike Nobuo , Yokoyama Tetsuji 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Increasing food diversity in early childhood diets is important; however, few studies on parental care emphasize the necessity of ensuring greater food diversity for children. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between preschool children’s dietary diversity and parents’ care behaviors related to their diet including contents of foods and snacks, mealtime practice, and parent–child communication.

Methods

Data were extracted from the National Nutrition Survey on Preschool Children conducted among households with toddlers and preschoolers in 2015 by Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Based on 2143 responses from households with children aged 2–6 years, a food diversity score (8 food groups: max of 8 points) was calculated and the distribution was confirmed. The participants were divided into higher (≥4 points, n = 1151) and lower (≤3 points; n = 992) food diversity groups. A comparison between the two groups examined parents’ socioeconomic status, children’s health and living conditions, and parental care concerning children’s diets (13 items, including nutritional balance of foods, snack content, and regularity of mealtimes). Based on the results, a multiple regression analysis was performed relating food diversity scores to the factors of parental socioeconomic status and child health, and a logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors of parental care related to the higher food diversity group.

Results

Among the higher food diversity group, mothers were older, subjective economic status was higher, parents’ skipped breakfast skipping less, and children had fewer caries and engaged in less than two hours of screen time per day. Parental care concerning children’s diets was the factor most strongly associated with children’s food diversity scores. Among such habits, those factors most strongly associated with higher food diversity were nutritional balance of foods (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.44–2.16; p < .0001), snack contents (OR: 1.41; CI: 1.07–1.86; p = 0.014), and regular mealtimes (OR: 1.30; CI: 1.08–1.55; p = 0.005).

Conclusion

The findings indicate the importance of parents paying attention to the contents of children’s foods and snacks, ensuring that children eat regularly, and increasing the diversity of their diets.
The relationship between the level of μ-opioid receptor (μORs) and postoperative analgesic use in patients undergoing septoplasty: A prospective randomized controlled trial.
Authors: GENCER MUZAFFER , Göçmen Ayşe Yeşim 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: In this study, the μ-Opioid receptor activity was assessed pre-operatively for its association with postoperative pain level and second analgesic requirement in patients undergoing septoplasty. Methods: In our prospective study, 120 adult patients underwent septoplasty from June 2015 to January 2019 were randomly divided into 2 pre-operative groups. The first group (n=60) was patients given tramadol (1-2 mg/kg) for post-operative analgesia, and the second group (control group) (n=60) was initially prescribed only fentanyl (1 µg/ kg-i.v.) in the induction. Acetaminophen with codeine analgesic 325/30 mg (p.o.) was used as an rescue painkiller in the post-operative period. The μ-Opioid receptor activity was investigated in pre-operative blood samples and compared to post-operative pain level and time required for second round of analgesic administration. The visual analogue score (VAS) was used to evaluate the post-operative pain degree (0 no pain; 10 worst pain). The patients’ post-operative VAS scores were evaluated upon arrival to recovery room, and at the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 24th hour post-operative period. Results: Demographic data and peri-operative variables was similar in both study group (p<0.05).There was no significant difference between the receptor levels in both groups and the mean receptor level was 200.94±15.34 pg/Ml (max:489.92±22.36 pg/mL, min: 94.56±11.23 pg/mL).In patients who used tramadol as the levels of μ-Opioid receptors increased, VAS scores of patients and second analgesic use decreased in post-operative period.The VAS scores in patients with higher receptor levels were lower in the recovery room, (p<0.05), 1st (p<0.05) and 3rd hours (p<0.05).The VAS scores were lower in the tramadol group compared to the control group p <0.05.Number of secondary analgesic requirement was significantly lower in patients of the tramadol group with higher receptor levels compared to the ones with lower receptor (p<0.05) for arrival at the recovery room and 1st hour.Patients in the tramadol group needed a second pain killer much later than patients in the control group.Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that patients with higher μOR levels have a higher efficacy of opioid analgesic agents and an lesser need for additional analgesic agents. Trial registration:This trial was registered retrospectively (The ACTRN: ACTRN12619001652167, registration date: 26/11/2019).
Cannabis against chronic muskuloskeletal pain: A scoping review on users and their perceptions
Authors: Furrer Daniela , Kröger Edeltraut , Marcotte Martine , Jauvin Nathalie , Bélanger Richard , Ware Mark , Foldes-Busque Guillaume , Aubin Michèle , Pluye Pierre , Dionne Clermont E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) may lead to reduced physical function and is the most common cause of chronic non cancer pain. Currently, the pharmacotherapeutic options against CMP are limited and mainly consist of pain management with gabapentinoids or opioids, which carry major adverse effects. Although the effectiveness of medical cannabis (MC) for CMP still lacks solid evidence, several patients suffering from it are exploring this therapeutic option.Objectives Little is known about MC users suffering from CMP. We aimed to increase this knowledge, useful for health care professionals and policy makers considering this treatment, as well as for researchers planning rigorous randomized clinical trials on the effectiveness of MC.Methods We conducted a scoping literature review, according to the methods developed by Arksey and O’Malley, to describe the views and perceptions of patients who had consumed MC to relieve chronic CMP and other non-cancer pain, as well as their demographic characteristics, patterns of MC use, and perceived positive and negative effects.Conclusion Our review shows that MC users are frequently young or middle-aged men, and that the preferred form of use was smoking. Participants of the included studies reported that MC use was helpful in reducing CMP and other chronic non-cancer pain with only minor adverse effects; in addition, they reported improved psychological well-being. Discussion The information from the included studies has several methodological limitations and is exploratory. MC use might, from the perspective of persistent users suffering from CMP and other chronic non-cancer pain, produce more benefits than harms. However, specific results for CMP are very scarce.
Predictors of resignation and sick leave after cancer diagnosis among Japanese breast cancer survivors
Authors: Mitsui Kiyomi , Endo Motoki , Imai Yuya , Ueda Yuito , Ogawa Hiroko , Muto Go , Yan Yan , Deshpande Gautam A. , Terao Yasuhisa , Takeda Satoru , Tanigawa Takeshi , Nishimura Katsuji , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Saito Mitsue , Kokaze Akatsuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background The number of breast cancer patients of working age is increasing in Japan . Consequently, there is a need for support for working individuals concomitantly undergoing breast cancer treatment. The present study aimed to clarify the risk factors for resignation and taking sick leave among breast cancer survivors in continued employment at the time of diagnosis. Methods As part of a Japanese national research project (Endo-Han), the investigators conducted a web-based survey of cancer survivors (CSs) in 2018. The investigators analyzed the risk factors for post-breast cancer diagnosis resignation and sick leave using a logistic regression model, including age at diagnosis, educational level, cancer stage, surgery, pharmacotherapy, radiotherapy, employment status, and occupational type. Results 40 of 269 breast cancer survivors (14.9%) quit their job after cancer diagnosis. Predictors of resignation included lower education level (odds ratio [OR]: 3.802; 95%CI: 1.233-11.729), taking sick leave (OR: 2.514; 95%CI: 1.202-5.261), and younger age at diagnosis (OR: 0.470; 95%CI: 0.221-0.998). Of 229 patients who continued working, sick leave was taken by 72 (31.4%); having surgery was a predictor for taking sick leave (OR: 8.311; 95%CI: 1.007-68.621). Conclusions 14.9% of Japanese employees quit their jobs after being diagnosed with breast cancer. Being younger at breast cancer diagnosis, having lower educational attainment level, and utilizing sick leave were identified as predictors of post-cancer diagnosis resignation. Surgery was associated with the highest risk of taking sick leave. Breast cancer survivors exhibit higher risks for resignation, and may require more carefully follow-up after diagnosis by healthcare providers and employers to protect work sustainability.
Isolation and Characterization of WUPyV in Polarized Human Airway Epithelial Cells
Authors: Wang Chao , Wei Tianli , Huang Yiman , Guo Qiong , Xie Zhiping , Song Jingdong , Chen Aijun , Zheng Lishu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Washington University polyomavirus (WUPyV) is a novel human polyomavirus detected in childwith acute respiratory infection in 2007. However, the relationship between WUPyV and respiratory diseases has yet to be established for lacking of a suitable in vitro culture system. Methods: To isolate WUPyV with human airway epithelial (HAE) cells, the positive samples were incubated in HAE, and then the nucleic acid, VP1 protein and virions were detected using real-time PCR, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy respectively. Results: The result showed that WUPyV could replicate effectively in HAE cells and virions with typical polyomavirus characteristics could be observed. Additionally, the entire genome sequence of the isolated strain (BJ0771) was obtained and phylogenetic analysis indicated that BJ0771 belongs to gene cluster Ⅰ. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated clinical WUPyV strain was successfully isolated for the first time in the world and this will help unravel the etiology and pathogenic mechanisms of WUPyV in respiratory infection diseases.