bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the appeal of mobility-augmented reality games, based on the innovative models of interaction: a case study
Authors: Shen Kai-Shuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study presents the issues why gamers prefer mobility-augmented reality games to other types of game and what specific characteristics cause them to invest a large amount of their time on tireless game-play. Furthermore, the appeal of mobility-augmented reality games was studied to solve the above mentioned issues. Then, how human–computer interaction based on mobility-augmented reality games was promoted to create a new marketing mode was explored. Then, Pokémon GO, as the worldwide major mobility-augmented reality game, was selected as the research target in this study. The researcher interviewed 9 experts, collected 235 Knasei words from 33 articles, and surveyed 335 gamers through a questionnaire to collect the data about users’ preferences. A preference-based study was believed to disclose the motivated reasons for the appeal of mobility-augmented reality games. The researcher analyzed the gathered Kansei concepts and questionnaires using the two-stage procedures, including evaluation grid method (EGM) and Quantification Theory Type I. During the first stage the hierarchy of the relationship among the types of appeal factors, the reasons for users’ preferences, and the explicit design characteristics of Pokémon GO present the semantic structure of appeal and were determined using EGM through the accumulation of the review of articles and the interviews of experts. During the second stage the strongest two original evaluation items of Pokémon GO are determined as “social interaction” and “scenario interaction” based on the statistical analysis of Quantification Theory Type I, and their corresponding “upper-level” and “lower-level” considerations are proved to have influence on them. Finally, the paper found that the popularity of Pokémon GO can be ascribed to the design of the innovative models of game interaction, which targets the psychological preferences of gamers. This means that the interaction model between a customer and an enterprise can be developed outside the box and a new type of marketing can be formed. The study proved that the innovative models of interaction successfully drove gamers’ motivations to play Pokémon GO. Designers and researchers of mobility-augmented reality games can absorb important information through this study. This study enriches the field of mobile communication, online marketing, and human–computer interaction in cyberspace.
Not just a bad metaphor, but a little piece of a big bad metaphor
Authors: Reeke George N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBesides failing for the reasons Brette gives, codes fail to help us understand brain function because codes imply algorithms that compute outputs without reference to the signals' meanings. Algorithms cannot be found in the brain, only manipulations that operate on meaningful signals and that cannot be described as computations, that is, sequences of predefined operations.
Our understanding of neural codes rests on Shannon's foundations
Authors: Gallistel Charles R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Shannon's theory lays the foundation for understanding the flow of information from world into brain: There must be a set of possible messages. Brain structure determines what they are. Many messages convey quantitative facts (distances, directions, durations, etc.). It is impossible to consider how neural tissue processes these numbers without first considering how it encodes them.
From mental representations to neural codes: A multilevel approach
Authors: Gauthier Jon , Loula João , Pollock Eli , Wilson Tyler Brooke , Wong Catherine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Representation and computation are the best tools we have for explaining intelligent behavior. In our program, we explore the space of representations present in the mind by constraining them to explain data at multiple levels of analysis, from behavioral patterns to neural activity. We argue that this integrated program assuages Brette's worries about the study of the neural code.
Beyond Neural Coding? Lessons from Perceptual Control Theory
Authors: Arsiwalla Xerxes D. , Bote Ruben Moreno , Verschure Paul 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Pointing to similarities between challenges encountered in today's neural coding and twentieth-century behaviorism, we draw attention to lessons learned from resolving the latter. In particular, Perceptual Control Theory posits behavior as a closed-loop control process with immediate and teleological causes. With two examples, we illustrate how these ideas may also address challenges facing current neural coding paradigms.
Elected member influence in the United Nations Security Council
Authors: Farrall Jeremy , Loiselle Marie-Eve , Michaelsen Christopher , Prantl Jochen , Whalan Jeni 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article reassesses how members of the UN Security Council exercise influence over the Council’s decision-making process, with particular focus on the ten elected members (the E10). A common understanding of Security Council dynamics accords predominance to the five permanent members (the P5), suggesting bleak prospects for the Council as a forum that promotes the voices and representation of the 188 non-permanent members. The assumption is that real power rests with the P5, while the E10 are there to make up the numbers. By articulating a richer account of Council dynamics, this article contests the conventional wisdom that P5 centrality crowds out space for the E10 to influence Council decision-making. It also shows that opportunities for influencing Council decision-making go beyond stints of elected membership. It argues that the assumed centrality of the P5 on the Council thus needs to be qualified and re-evaluated.
Experimental Investigation of the Dynamics of Trapped Nonwetting Droplets Subjected to Seismic Stimulation in Constricted Tubes
Authors: Zhang Yandong , Zeng Chao , Bai Baojun , Deng Wen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMultiphase fluid flow in porous media can be affected by the dynamic stressing caused by earthquakes or human‐made blasts. Changes in the permeability of porous media can be induced by the mobilization of trapped colloids, immiscible droplets, or bubbles due to such dynamic stressing. In order to analyze the mechanism of this seismic‐induced mobilization, a theoretical fluid dynamics conceptual model had been developed to describe this phenomenon in constricted tubes. In the research presented in this paper, we made an experimental effort to obtain reliable data to study the dynamics of nonwetting droplets and validate the previous theoretical fluid dynamics conceptual model in constricted tubes. In our experiments, we considered not only the frequencies and acceleration amplitudes of the seismic stimulation but also different initial positions of the nonwetting droplets, aspect ratios of the constricted tubes, and viscosities of nonwetting phases. We used a high‐speed camera to capture video of the mobilization process of droplets inside capillary tubes, and then manually tracked the displacement of the droplets. Our experimental observation revealed a strong dependence on the critical acceleration amplitude for mobilization on the initial position of a droplet's front menisci. Finally, the reliability of the theoretical model was validated against the experimental data on amplitude amplifications in oscillation experiments and critical amplitudes in mobilization experiments, as dependent on the frequency.
Uplift of Trail Ridge, Florida, by Karst Dissolution, Glacial Isostatic Adjustment, and Dynamic Topography
Authors: Creveling Jessica R. , Austermann Jacqueline , Dutton Andrea 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe present elevation of Trail Ridge, a purported Pleistocene paleoshoreline (2.21 ± 0.38 Ma) up to ~70 m high, is attributed to isostatic uplift from karst‐induced mass loss of the underlying Florida Platform. However, glacial isostatic adjustment, dynamic topography (DT), and elastic flexure also contribute to the observed topography. We investigated the combined contribution of these geophysical processes to the elevation of Trail Ridge by adapting a numerical model of karst‐induced Airy isostatic uplift that is driven by sea level change since ~3 Ma with a gravitationally self‐consistent glacial isostatic adjustment model. We treat DT as a free parameter and explore a spectrum of scenarios, from dynamic subsidence (−25 m/Myr) to dynamic uplift (+25 m/Myr), with values consistent with mantle convection simulations for the region. We demonstrate a trade‐off between the age of Trail Ridge, karstification efficiency, and DT rate that necessitates robust estimates of two of these variables when solving for the third. For example, adopting spring‐efflux‐derived estimates of subsurface carbonate dissolution (1 m/38,000 yr) and a 10 m/Myr dynamic topographic uplift for the northern Florida Platform predicts an age of ~2.1 Ma for a model 70 m elevation marker, consistent with the bounds of the electron spin resonance optical dating geochronology. In contrast, by assuming a more rapid carbonate dissolution efficiency (1 m/11,000 yr) and dynamic subsidence of −15 m/Myr predicts a similar age. A refined karst‐induced isostatic uplift model age for Trail Ridge requires both improved rates of regional karst dissolution, dynamic topographic change, and elastic flexure.
Lightning and Associated Convection Features in the Presence of Absorbing Aerosols Over Northern Alabama
Authors: Ren Tong , Rapp Anita D. , Mecikalski John R. , Apke Jason 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMany of the previous aerosol‐convection/lightning enhancement studies are based on convective storms that occur in the presence of absorbing aerosols; such aerosols may impact deep convection through their microphysical and radiative effects. In this study, lightning flash rates (FRs) are analyzed together with aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer for summer storms during 2002–2015. Aerosol index retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument are used to separate nonabsorbing and absorbing aerosol cases. Statistical analyses are performed to test for significant sample differences and linear relationships between the AOD of case studies and the FRs, convective available potential energy, planetary boundary layer height, and low‐level vertical wind shear to identify if evidence of regulation of storms by absorbing aerosols exists. Overall, AOD and FR do not show any significant linear relationship. When just observing absorbing aerosols, however, AOD and FR show a stronger (but still very weak) positive correlation. The weak correlation may be related to the absorbing aerosols' impact on convective available potential energy, which has a moderate linear correlation to AOD particularly when the instability is low, which implies some kind of convection or convective environment modification by absorbing aerosols. Although the planetary boundary layer height tends to decrease with increasing amount of absorbing aerosols, it is found that low‐level vertical wind shear does not correlate with AOD for either absorbing or nonabsorbing aerosols. This result suggests little influence of the interaction between absorbing aerosols and turbulent mixing on storms.
Coupled Snow and Frozen Ground Physics Improves Cold Region Hydrological Simulations: An Evaluation at the upper Yangtze River Basin (Tibetan Plateau)
Authors: Qi Jia , Wang Lei , Zhou Jing , Song Lei , Li Xiuping , Zeng Tian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCryosphere plays an important role in cold‐region (e.g., Tibetan Plateau) hydrological processes under climate change, and thus cryosphere physics should be carefully represented in the hydrological modeling. In this study, based on the Water and Energy Budget‐based Distributed Hydrological Model (WEB‐DHM), we have further improved the cold‐region hydrological processes, by incorporating the enthalpy‐based coupled snow and frozen ground physics (hereinafter WEB‐DHM‐SF), and comprehensively evaluated at the upper Yangtze River Basin under widespread snow cover and frozen ground. The model was calibrated and validated at the basin scale using observed discharge at Zhimenda station during 1981–2016 and simulated discharge with high accuracies. The model also successfully reproduced the basin‐wide daytime and nighttime land surface temperature (LST) as well as snow depth in basin‐averaged time series and spatial distributions. At the point scale, the model successfully reproduced soil moisture and temperature profiles at Tuotuohe based on available yearlong observations. Furthermore, experiments were designed to investigate model improvements and indicated that the incorporation of the three‐layer snow scheme with correct consideration of incident solar radiation attenuation among snow layers resulted in lowered snow melting and reduced discharges. Additionally, the incorporation of frozen ground physics with a correct description of soil water phase changes rendered the modeled soil moistures and temperatures more accurate in the cold season. Through rigorous evaluations of model performance, the incorporation of coupled snow and frozen ground physics demonstrates significant promise for improving cryosphere hydrological simulations in river basins on the TP.
Exploring the Temperature Dependence of Clumped Isotopes in Modern Porites Corals
Authors: Guo Yangrui , Deng Wenfeng , Wei Gangjian , Chen Xuefei , Liu Xi , Wang Xijie , Lo Li , Cai Guanqiang , Zeng Ti 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPorites corals are valuable geological archives for reconstructing past sea surface temperature (SST) in tropical oceans. Their clumped isotope compositions (indicated by Δ47 values) provide a potential proxy for SST. The Δ47 value in Porites coral usually departs from thermodynamic equilibrium due to vital effects. To explore the temperature dependence of Δ47 values in corals, we determined δ13C, δ18O, and Δ47 values in two modern Porites corals from the South China Sea. Our results indicate no intercolony or intracolony biases in Δ47 values on annual timescales. However, on seasonal timescales, Δ47 enrichment associated with δ13C depletion is observed at an intracolony level. This cannot be explained by incomplete hydration and/or hydroxylation of metabolic CO2; instead, we interpret this new pattern of isotopic anomalies as a peculiar evidence of vital effects on Δ47 and δ13C fractionation. Although complicated by vital effects, the Δ47 signature in Porites corals still preserved a robust SST dependence, similar to those of recently published Δ47‐T calibrations. The observed Δ47 offset relative to inorganic carbonate due to the vital effects is consistent, and relative variations in seasonal SST can be obtained. This study refines the Δ47 thermometer in Porites corals and strengthens its capacity to be used to reconstruct past SST.
Graft immaturity and safety concerns in transplanted human kidney organoids
Authors: Nam Sun Ah , Seo Eunjeong , Kim Jin Won , Kim Hyung Wook , Kim Hong Lim , Kim Kyuryung , Kim Tae-Min , Ju Ji Hyeon , Gomez Ivan G. , Uchimura Kohei , Humphreys Benjamin D. , Yang Chul Woo , Lee Jae Yeon , Kim Jin , Cho Dong Woo , Freedman Benjamin S. , Kim Yong Kyun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFor chronic kidney disease, regeneration of lost nephrons with human kidney organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells is proposed to be an attractive potential therapeutic option. It remains unclear, however, whether organoids transplanted into kidneys in vivo would be safe or functional. Here, we purified kidney organoids and transplanted them beneath the kidney capsules of immunodeficient mice to test their safety and maturity. Kidney organoid grafts survived for months after transplantation and became vascularized from host mouse endothelial cells. Nephron-like structures in grafts appeared more mature than kidney organoids in vitro, but remained immature compared with the neighboring mouse kidney tissue. Ultrastructural analysis revealed filtration barrier-like structures, capillary lumens, and tubules with brush border in the transplanted kidney organoids, which were more mature than those of the kidney organoids in vitro but not as organized as adult mammalian kidneys. Immaturity was a common feature of three separate differentiation protocols by immunofluorescence analysis and single cell RNA sequencing. Stroma of transplanted kidney organoid grafts were filled with vimentin-positive mesenchymal cells, and chondrogenesis, cystogenesis, and stromal expansion were observed in the long term. Transcription profiles showed that long-term maintenance after kidney organoid transplantation induced transcriptomic reprogramming with prominent suppression of cell-cycle-related genes and upregulation of extracellular matrix organization. Our data suggest that kidney organoids derived from iPS cells may be transplantable but strategies to improve nephron differentiation and purity are required before they can be applied in humans as a therapeutic option.
Inflammation induced by incomplete radiofrequency ablation accelerates tumor progression and hinders PD-1 immunotherapy
Authors: Shi Liangrong , Wang Junjun , Ding Nianhua , Zhang Yi , Zhu Yibei , Dong Shunli , Wang Xiaohui , Peng Changli , Zhou Chunhui , Zhou Ledu , Li Xiaodong , Shi Hongbing , Wu Wei , Long Xueyin , Wu Changping , Liao Weihua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) promotes tumor antigen-specific T cell responses and enhances the effect of immunotherapy in preclinical settings. Here we report that the existence of remnant tumor masses due to incomplete RFA (iRFA) is associated with earlier new metastases and poor survival in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM). Using mouse models, we demonstrate that iRFA promotes tumor progression and hinders the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy. Immune analysis reveals that iRFA induces sustained local inflammation with predominant myeloid suppressor cells, which inhibit T cell function in tumors. Mechanistically, tumor cell-derived CCL2 is critical for the accumulation of monocytes and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). The crosstalk between TAMs and tumor cells enhances the CCL2 production by tumor cells. Furthermore, we find that administration of a CCR2 antagonist or the loss of CCL2 expression in tumor cells enhances the antitumor activity of PD-1 blockade, providing a salvage alternative for residual tumors after iRFA.
Accurate, scalable and integrative haplotype estimation
Authors: Delaneau Olivier , Zagury Jean-François , Robinson Matthew R. , Marchini Jonathan L. , Dermitzakis Emmanouil T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe number of human genomes being genotyped or sequenced increases exponentially and efficient haplotype estimation methods able to handle this amount of data are now required. Here we present a method, SHAPEIT4, which substantially improves upon other methods to process large genotype and high coverage sequencing datasets. It notably exhibits sub-linear running times with sample size, provides highly accurate haplotypes and allows integrating external phasing information such as large reference panels of haplotypes, collections of pre-phased variants and long sequencing reads. We provide SHAPEIT4 in an open source format and demonstrate its performance in terms of accuracy and running times on two gold standard datasets: the UK Biobank data and the Genome In A Bottle.
Postglacial change of the floristic diversity gradient in Europe
Authors: Giesecke Thomas , Wolters Steffen , van Leeuwen Jacqueline F. N. , van der Knaap Pim W. O. , Leydet Michelle , Brewer Simon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractClimate warming is expected to cause a poleward spread of species, resulting in increased richness at mid to high latitudes and weakening the latitudinal diversity gradient. We used pollen data to test if such a change in the latitudinal diversity gradient occurred during the last major poleward shift of plant species in Europe following the end of the last glacial period. In contrast to expectations, the slope of the gradient strengthened during the Holocene. The increase in temperatures around 10 ka ago reduced diversity at mid to high latitude sites due to the gradual closure of forests. Deforestation and the introduction of agriculture during the last 5 ky had a greater impact on richness in central Europe than the earlier climate warming. These results do not support the current view that global warming alone will lead to a loss in biodiversity, and demonstrate that non-climatic human impacts on the latitudinal diversity gradient is of a greater magnitude than climate change.
Core architecture of a bacterial type II secretion system
Authors: Chernyatina Anastasia A. , Low Harry H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBacterial type II secretion systems (T2SSs) translocate virulence factors, toxins and enzymes across the cell outer membrane. Here we use negative stain and cryo-electron microscopy to reveal the core architecture of an assembled T2SS from the pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. We show that 7 proteins form a ~2.4 MDa complex that spans the cell envelope. The outer membrane complex includes the secretin PulD, with all domains modelled, and the pilotin PulS. The inner membrane assembly platform components PulC, PulE, PulL, PulM and PulN have a relative stoichiometric ratio of 2:1:1:1:1. The PulE ATPase, PulL and PulM combine to form a flexible hexameric hub. Symmetry mismatch between the outer membrane complex and assembly platform is overcome by PulC linkers spanning the periplasm, with PulC HR domains binding independently at the secretin base. Our results show that the T2SS has a highly dynamic modular architecture, with implication for pseudo-pilus assembly and substrate loading.
Nanocomposite electrodes for high current density over 3 A cm−2 in solid oxide electrolysis cells
Authors: Shimada Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Toshiaki , Kishimoto Haruo , Sumi Hirofumi , Yamaguchi Yuki , Nomura Katsuhiro , Fujishiro Yoshinobu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSolid oxide electrolysis cells can theoretically achieve high energy-conversion efficiency, but current density must be further increased to improve the hydrogen production rate, which is essential to realize widespread application. Here, we report a structure technology for solid oxide electrolysis cells to achieve a current density higher than 3 A cm−2, which exceeds that of state-of-the-art electrolyzers. Bimodal-structured nanocomposite oxygen electrodes are developed where nanometer-scale Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ and Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 are highly dispersed and where submicrometer-scale particles form conductive networks with broad pore channels. Such structure is realized by fabricating the electrode structure from the raw powder material stage using spray pyrolysis. The solid oxide electrolysis cells with the nanocomposite electrodes exhibit high current density in steam electrolysis operation (e.g., at 1.3 V), reaching 3.13 A cm−2 at 750 °C and 4.08 A cm−2 at 800 °C, corresponding to a hydrogen production rate of 1.31 and 1.71 L h−1 cm−2 respectively.