bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential modelling of the Earth's core magnetic field
Authors: Ropp Guillaume , Lesur Vincent , Baerenzung Julien , Holschneider Matthias 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We describe a new, original approach to the modelling of the Earth's magnetic field.

The overall objective of this study is to reliably render fast variations of the core field and its secular variation.

This method combines a sequential modelling approach, a Kalman filter, and a correlation based modelling step. All sources that most significantly contribute to the field measured at the surface of the Earth are modelled. Their separation is based on strong prior information on their spatial and temporal behaviours.

We obtain a time series of model distributions which display behaviours similar to those of recent models based on more classic approaches, particularly at large temporal and spatial scales. Interesting new features and periodicities are visible in our models at smaller time and spatial scales.

An important aspect of our method is to yield reliable error bars for all model parameters. These errors, however, are only as reliable as the description of the different sources and the prior information used are realistic.

Finally, we used a slightly different version of our method to produce candidate models for the IGRF-13.
Clinical effects of two-stage joint replacement on septic arthritic knee
Authors: Ni Ming , Fu Jun , Deng Tao , Niu Erlong , Xu Chi , Li Xiang , Chai Wei , Zhang Guoqiang , Chen Jiying 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective: To assess the clinical effect of two staged joint replacement for the treatment of septic arthritic knee and the therapeutic differences between antibiotic cement beads and the tibial plateau spacer.Methods: 26 patients (27 knee joints) treated with spacer (antibiotic cement beads or the tibial plateau spacer) for septic arthritis knee were retrospectively reviewed between 2014 and 2018. At the first stage, thoroughly debridement and irrigation with self-made antibiotic cement beads or tibial plateau spacer was performed; After that, systemic antibiotic treatment was followed; when the infection was surely eliminated, Two-stage TKA was performed. Knee mobility (range of motion, abbreviated to ROM) and function (HSS scores system) were evaluated before surgery, in the interval period, and after joint replacement.Results: All patients finished follow-up and the follow-up time was 27.3 months (12-54 months). 23 patients (24 knee joints) completed the staged surgery as expected, 3 patients in the beads group gave up the second-stage operation after infection elimination. Each group has one patient replaced with a homotypic spacer, and all patients eventually cleared the infection. None of the patients had a recurrent infection. The mobility and HSS scores of the two groups were significantly improved post-operation (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in mobility between the two groups (p=0.153). The HSS score of the tibial plateau spacer group had a better trend of improvement after TKA (p= 0.054).Conclusion: Two-stage TKA is an efficacious way for septic arthritic knees, which can effectively control infection and improve knee function.
Effectiveness of school based social and behavior change communication interventions in improving use of insecticide treated nets among primary school students in rural Ethiopia: A quasi-experimental design
Authors: Ababulgu Fira Abamecha , Gebretsadik Lakew Abebe , Koricha Zewdie Birhanu , Sudhakar Morankar , Lemu Yohannes Kebede , Alemayehu Guda 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Unequivocally; malaria becomes major health problems among school children. Evidences of coordinated school engaged social and behavior change communication (SBCC) strategy is required to curb the disease; thus keeping momuntem to malaria eliemination. This study examined effectiveness of schools engaged SBCC approach on use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) among primary school students in malaria endemic settings of Ethiopia.Methods: The school-community engaged SBCC intervention involving various educational and capacity building activities was implemented from Oct.2016 to Sept.2018 in 75 rural schools of Jimma to promote malaria preventive practices both at schools and community levels. A quasi-experimental evaluation design was employed enrolling 798 randomly sampled primary school students (399 interventions and 399 controls). Data were collected using structured questionnaires by interveirwers and analyzed using SPSS 26 Amoss software. Propensity score matching (PSM) technique was applied to create approparite matching. Chi-square and general linear model was conducted to estimate the average effects of the intervention for dichotomous and continous outcomes respectively.Finally; multivariable logistic regression modelling was done to indentify predictors of ITN use. P-value < 5% was considered for statistical significance. Results: Effects of the interventions were observed on all measured psychographic dimensions with self-efficacy (β =25.87, 95% CI: 22.77-28.97) and perception of malaria threat (β =6.38, 95% CI: 4.08-8.68) showing highest and lowest effects respectively. Importantly; a difference of 39% (95% CI: 32.18-45.91) was observed with respect to ITN use between intervention and control groups. Multivarible logistic regression showed access to one and more ITN per two family members was associated to ITN use (AOR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.01-3.07). Similarily; unit increase in self-efficacy (β=0.101, 95% CI: 1.22-2.32), multidimesional knowledge (β=0.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06) and family support (β=0.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.06) improve use of ITN by 10%, 4%, and 4% respectively.Conclusion: This study suggested that SBCC impelemetation that draw on combination of various interpersonal communication and stakeholders’ engagement approaches were effective promoting sustained malaria preventive behaviours in school going children. Indeed; it’s important to account for message contents and communication methods targeted to influence knowledge, risk perceptions and behavioral skills combined with family supports, access to ITNs and beyond
How to promote exclusive breastfeeding in Ireland: a qualitative study on views of Chinese immigrant mothers
Authors: Chen Haoyue , Zhou Qianling , Cassidy Tanya M. , Younger Katherine M. , Kearney John M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The exclusive breastfeeding rate in Ireland is very low with extremely slow annual growth. The population of immigrants in Ireland is increasing. Improving exclusive breastfeeding practice among immigrants may contribute to the overall improvement of exclusive breastfeeding rates in Ireland. This study was conducted to elicit recommendations on improving exclusive breastfeeding rate for six months among Chinese immigrants in Ireland.Methods: Fourteen semi-structured in-depth individual interviews were conducted with Chinese immigrant mothers resident in Ireland, who breastfed exclusively for four to six months.Results: Themes generated from thematic content analyses were 1) recommendation for mothers: improve self-intention to breastfeed exclusively and self-efficacy, be financially secure before pregnancy, and obtain breastfeeding information proactively. 2) Recommendation for family members, employers and colleagues, and health care professionals: family members should offer sufficient support. Employers should provide hygienic places for breastmilk storage, and set up breastfeeding rooms and nurseries. Irish hospitals need to advocate exclusive breastfeeding, recruit and train multilingual health care professionals, and combine breastfeeding knowledge with practice in the prenatal education. 3) Recommendation for the government: set up breastfeeding rooms and dedicated rooms for breastfeeding groups, and increase the publicity and visibility of breastfeeding in multiple languages. An independent welfare policy for immigrants was also recommended.Conclusions: The key findings emerging from this study may be considered in the development of breastfeeding promotion strategies in Ireland. Our findings could also have implications for other English-speaking countries with low rates of exclusive breastfeeding.
Sustained Response To Onabotulinumtoxin A In Patients With Chronic Migraine: Real-Life Data
Authors: Ornello Raffaele , Guerzoni Simona , Baraldi Carlo , Evangelista Luana , Frattale Ilaria , Marini Carmine , Tiseo Cindy , Pistoia Francesca , Sacco Simona 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Treatment with onabotulinumtoxin A (BT-A) is safe and effective for chronic migraine (CM). Several studies assessed possible predictors of response to treatment with BT-A, but there is little knowledge on the frequency and predictors of sustained response. The aim of this study was to evaluate sustained response to BT-A in patients with CM. Main body In this prospective open-label study, 115 patients with CM and treated with BT-A were consecutively enrolled in two Italian headache centers and followed up for 15 months. Anytime responders were defined as those patients who achieved a ≥50% reduction in headache days during any three-month treatment cycle compared with the three months prior to initiation of BT-A treatment. Sustained responders were defined as those who achieved a ≥50% reduction in headache days within the third treatment cycle and maintained response until the end of follow-up. Non-responders were defined as those patients who never achieved a ≥50% reduction in headache days during the follow-up. Headache characteristics prior to BT-A treatment were assessed in order to evaluate their ability in predicting treatment response. The 115 enrolled patients (84.3% female; median age 50 years) had a median migraine duration of 30 years (interquartile range 22-38). At the end of follow-up, 66 patients (57.4%) were classified as anytime responders. Among the 51 patients who achieved a clinical response within the third month of treatment, 33 (64.7%) were sustained responders. Patients with sustained response had a lower CM duration (median 31 vs 65 months; P=0.030) and a lower number of headache days (median 25 vs 30; P=0.013) at baseline compared with non-responders. Conclusions About two thirds of patients who gain ≥50% response to BT-A within the third cycle of treatment maintain this positive response over time. More recent onset of CM and more headache-free days at baseline are associated with sustained response. We suggest not to delay preventive treatment of CM with BT-A, in order to increase the likelihood to achieve sustained clinical response.
The Effect of Self-Loading on the Mechano-Stability and Stalk Lodging Resistance of Plant Stems
Authors: Stubbs Christopher J , Oduntan Yusuf , Keep Tyrone , Noble Scott D , Robertson Daniel J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Stalk lodging (breaking of agricultural plant stalks prior to harvest) is a multi-billion dollar a year problem. Stalk lodging occurs when bending moments induced by a combination of external loading (e.g. wind) and self-loading (e.g. the plant’s own weight) exceed the bending strength of plant stems. Previous biomechanical plant stem models have investigated both external loading and self-loading of plants, but have evaluated them as separate and independent phenomena. However, these two types of loading are highly interconnected and mutually dependent. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to investigate the combined effect of external loads and plant weight on the displacement and stress state of plant stems / stalks, and (2) to provide a generalized framework for accounting for self-weight during mechanical phenotyping experiments used to predict stalk lodging resistance.Results A method of properly accounting for the interconnected relationship between self-loading and external loading of plants stems is presented. The interconnected set of equations are used to produce user-friendly applications by presenting (1) simplified self-loading correction factors for a number of common external loading configurations of plants, and (2) a generalized Microsoft Excel framework that calculates the influence of self-loading on crop stems. The effect of self-loading on the structural integrity of wheat is examined in detail. A survey of several other plants is conducted and the influence of self-loading on their structural integrity is also presented.Conclusions The self-loading of plants plays a potentially critical role on the structural integrity of plant stems. Equations and tools provided herein enable researchers to account for the plant’s weight when investigating the flexural rigidity and bending strength of plant stems.
Correlation of Catecholamine Content and Clinical Influencing Factors in Depression among Psoriasis Patients: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Shu Hui-Ling , Fang Jing , Xia Deng-Mei , Wang Zheng-Qun , Mi Wen-Yao , Zhang Xue-Li , Chang-qiang Li 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: This study sought to investigate the clinical influencing factors of patients with psoriasis vulgaris complicated with depression, and to analyze whether the content of monoamine neurotransmitters in plasma was correlated with depression incidence among psoriasis patients. Methods Ninety patients aged 18-60 years with psoriasis vulgaris referred to the dermatology department and 40 healthy volunteers aged 18-60 years referred to the physical examination center of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University were included. Questionnaires were administered in both groups to obtain basic patient information, Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD), and Athens Insomnia Scale(AIS) scores. The questionnaire only for patients with psoriasis vulgaris included the course of disease, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). The catecholamine in plasma from the two groups was analyzed by radioimmunoassay. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Results: The mean HAMD (P=0.034) and mean AIS scores (P=0.001) of the psoriasis patients were higher than those of the control group, while the mean content of dopamine (P=0.004) and adrenaline in the plasma (P=0.007) of the psoriasis group were lower than those of the control group. Dopamine content in the plasma was lower (comparing psoriasis patients without depression and the control group: P<0.001), and was negatively correlated with HAMD, (P<0.05), AIS (P<0.05), and PASI scores (P<0.05) in the psoriasis patients with depression. There was no significant difference in the epinephrine and norepinephrine contents in all groups. PASI scores were positively correlated with HAMD scores in patients with psoriasis vulgaris, and the mean dopamine content in the patients with depression (P=0.001) was significantly lower than in those without depression. The low dopamine content and high PASI and DLQI scores were the risk factors for depression among the patient population. Conclusion: Psoriasis patients have a significantly higher risk of depression than healthy people, and higher PASI scores were linked to a higher incidence of depression. The dopamine levels of patients were influenced by both psoriasis and depression. The risk factors for depression in psoriasis patients are low dopamine levels in the plasma, severe skin lesions, and lower quality of life.
Clinical Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Infections Involving 325 Hospitalized Patients outside Wuhan
Authors: Li Qiang , Ling Yun , Zhang Jianliang , Li Weixia , Zhang Xiaoyu , Jin Yinpeng , Li Li , Fu Qingchun , Huang Yuxian , Lu Hongzhou , Chen Liang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background/Objective To date, the clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infections were reported mainly based on cases in Wuhan. We aimed to report the clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infections outside Wuhan. Methods We analyzed 325 SARS-COV-2 infection patients hospitalized in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. The epidemiological, demographic, and clinical data were compared between severe and non-severe cases. Results Of 325 patients, the median age was 51 years, 167 (51.4%) were men, and 107 (32.9%) had underlying diseases. 159 (48.9%) visited Wuhan or had contacted with people from Wuhan, but 57 (17.5%) had no clear epidemiological history. Compared with non-severe patients (n=299, 92%), severe patients (n=26, 8%) were older, had more common underlying disorder, more common lymphopenia, and higher D-dimer, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, procalcitonin, C-reactive-protein, and troponin I level. The common complications included secondary infection (12.3%), acute cardiac injury (9.2%), ARDS (5.5%), acute kidney injury (5.8%), and shock (4.9%). To Mar 12, 311 (95.7%) patients were discharged, 3 (0.9%) died, and 11 (3.4%) still hospitalized. Conclusions The severity rate and fatality rate were low if the measures (early isolation, early diagnosis and early management) were undertaken at the early time of the outbreak.
Intralipid postconditioning in patients of Cardiac surgery undergoing cardioPulmonary Bypass (iCPB): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Xiong Hui , Zhang Yan , Yu Hong , Zhou Rong-Hua 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Intralipid is a necessary fatty acid carrier that has been safely used as an energy supplier in the clinic. It has played an important role in rescuing the cardiac arrest caused by local anesthetic toxicity. In recent years, experimental studies have shown that intralipid postconditioning (ILPC) could reduce myocardial ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injuries. Our research group has innovatively conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) and the results showed that ILPC could reduce the release of cTnT and CK-MB, biomarkers of myocardial I/R injury, in valve replacement surgery. However, the potential effects of ILPC on the clinical outcome of adult cardiac surgery patients are unclear. Intralipid postconditioning in patients of cardiac surgery undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (iCPB) trial is aimed to further study whether ILPC could improve short-term and long-term clinical outcome, as well as cardiac function in adult cardiac surgery patients.Methods: The iCPB trial is an ongoing, single-center, prospective, double blinded, large sample RCT. In total, 1000 adults undergoing cardiac surgery will be randomly allocated to either ILPC group or the control group. Intervention group received an intravenous infusion of 2 mL/kg of 20% intralipid (medium-chain and long-chain fat emulsion injection C6~C24, Pharmaceutical) within 10 minutes before aortic cross-unclamping, and the control group received an equivalent volume of normal saline. The primary endpoints are complex morbidity of major complications during hospitalization, and all-cause mortality within 30 days after surgery. The secondary endpoints include: (1) all-cause mortality 6 months and 1 year postoperatively, (2) the quality of life within 1 year after surgery，using QoR-15 questionnaire, (3) the postoperative cardiac function evaluated by LVEF, LVEDs, LVEDD, and the myocardial injury evaluated by CK-MB, cTnT, BNP, (4) short-term clinical outcomes during hospitalization and total cost are also detailed evaluated.Discussion: The iCPB trial is the first to explore ILPC on the clinical outcome of adult cardiac surgery patients. The results are expected to provide potential evidences about whether ILPC could reduce the morbidity and mortality, improve the cardiac function and quality of life. Therefore, provide a rationale for the evaluation of the potentially clinically relevant benefit of intralipid therapy.Trial registration: Chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR1900024387. Prospectively registered on 9 July 2019.
miR-148a-3p inhibits DNMT1-mediated methylation of VEGF and promotes proliferation and invasion in glioma cells via the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway
Authors: Huo Jun-feng , Chen Xiao-bing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Abnormal DNA methylation in the promoter region of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been observed in multiple types of cancer. Increasing evidence shows that miR-148a-3p is involved in the regulation of methylation. However, it is unclear how miR-148a-3p regulates VEGF methylation.Methods: Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and bisulfate-sequencing PCR (BSP) were performed to detect the methylation level of the VEGF promoter region in glioma tissues and cell lines. Then, we used RT-qPCR to detect the expression of miR-148a-3p and VEGF in glioma tissues and cell lines. Human glioma U87 cells were transfected with miR-148a-3p mimic or a pcDNA3.1 overexpression vector of VEGF, and then, the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of U87 cells were examined with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell assay and Flow cytometry, respectively. We next examined the relationship between DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and miR-148a-3p with online prediction and luciferase reporter gene experiments. Furthermore, we also used Western blotting to detect the protein levels of VEGF, DNMT1, PI3K, Akt and eNOS.Results: Both miR-148a-3p and VEGF were significantly up-regulated, and the promoter methylation of VEGF was hypomethylation in glioma. Overexpression miR-148a-3p or VEGF promoted the proliferation and invasion of U87 cells and inhibited the apoptosis. Silencing VEGF inhibited U87 cells proliferation and invasion and induced the apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-148a-3p regulated DNMT1 at the post-transcriptional. Overexpression of DNMT1 mediated an increase in the methylation level of VEGF, which reduced the expression of VEGF in U87 cells. The opposite was exact when DNMT1 was silenced. We also observed that silencing VEGF inhibited the activation of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway and induced U87 cell apoptosis.Conclusion: These results indicated that miR-148a-3p down-regulates VEGF methylation by targeting DNMT1 and promotes the proliferation, invasion of the glioma cell through the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway.
Prevalence of Bullying and Victimization Among Primary School Students of Higher Grades in Riyadh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Haddad Bander , Al-Madi Mohammed , Alsudais Moath , AlMedimegh Faisal , Alharthi Saqer , Al-Oraini Faisal 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The current study aims to know the prevalence, effects and types of bullying at primary schools of Riyadh city for both male and female.Methods: Male and female students at primary schools in Riyadh city are targeted using Cross-sectional study method. 517 students are included in this study 55.3% are female and 44.7% are male. Riyadh primary schools were divided into five groups according to geographic region North, South, East, West and Middle. The surveys were conducted after the approval of school's principals. In order to get an accurate response, the survey was distributed to student in classrooms in papers.Results: 517 students participated in the study. Out of four regions the proportion from the Southern region were the highest at 187 (36.2%). The levels of bullying and victimization was low. Compared to female students, male students showed statistically significant higher bullying and victimization rates. Compared to the five regions in Riyadh city the bullying and victimization rate is highest in the Eastern region, and lower in the southern region.Conclusion: The study shows that the levels of bullying and victimization at Riyadh's primary schools was low. Furthermore, research studies about bullying and victimization prevalence rates are not enough and need more researches to improve the intervention and prevent the side effect of it.