bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATION OF HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES WITH OBESITY
Authors: Savani Samir , Moulick Nivedita D. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Hypertension, diabetes and obesity are one of the top risk factors for cardiovascular complications in the world. Indians have high burden of obesity compared to western population. Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are major non communicable diseases and it is important to examine modifiable risk factors such as obesity, physical inactivity , tobacco use and alcohol consumption. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defines as presence of type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance with any two of the following characteristics: obesity, low levels of high-density lipoprotein, high levels of triglycerides and hypertension by World Health Organization (WHO).
Materials and Methods: 1485 samples were selected from the patients attending OPD of General Medicine Department of D.Y. Patil University School of Medicine, Mumbai. They were assessed for height, weight and body mass index (BMI) measurement. Hypertension was defined according to the guidelines given in Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Abdominal obesity is defined as an abdominal circumference > 102cm in males and >88cm in females for NCEP criteria and > 90cm in males and > 80cm in females for IDF criteria for South Asians. Blood glucose concentration was measured, the diagnosis of diabetes was defines by either casual plasma glucose ≥ 200mg/dl associated with symptoms of diabetes and on fasting samples- plasma glucose ≥ 126mg/dl.
Results: Among all 1485 patients, 764(51.44%) were males and 721(48.56%) were females. It was observed that 32(21.6%) cases were obese, hypertension was observed in 289(19.5%) cases and diabetes in 168(11.3%). Among 289 hypertensive subjects, 214(74%) were obese and 75(36%) were non-obese. Out of 168 diabetic cases 96(57.1%) cases were obese and 72(42.9%) were non-obese. A statistically significant association was observed between diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Conclusion: There is significant association between obesity, hypertension and diabetes. BMI can provide useful information to classify the presence of hypertension and diabetes in population.
Keywords: Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes, BMI.
A RARE CASE OF RAPUNZEL SYNDROME - A SMALL BOWEL TRICHOBEZOAR
Authors: Tailor Harin , Dekhaiya Firdaus A , Mehta Smit , Shah Samir M , Panchal Dhawal 
Published: March 2020

Bezoars are concretions of foreign material in the gastrointestinal tract, mainly the stomach. In humans, the most common type of bezoar is the trichobezoar, is more often found in children and teenage girls. . The most frequent type of bezoar in adults is phytobezoar. A rare manifestation of trichobezoar is Rapunzel syndrome (RS) which occurs when the bezoar extends into the small intestine. An 11 years old girl from low socio economic social status presented to emergency department. . She had a complain of abdominal pain and vomiting before 3 month which was relieved itself after vomiting which contains hair, threads and cloths. Abdominal examination revealed a generalised abdominal distension. Ultrasonography (USG) of abdomen was done. . Trichobezoar was removed by open surgery with longitudinal enterotomy. The mass was occupying 30cm part of terminal ileum up to iliocecal junction with a putrid smell which was removed from enterotomy. Trichobezoars are a bizarre medical problem, and Rapunzel syndrome is an extremely uncommon variety of trichobezoar which occurs when the bezoar extends into the small intestine. The diagnosis of trichobezoar is possible on imaging in a proper clinical setting.
Keywords: Trichobezoar, Rapunzel Syndrome, Enterotomy.
PROSTATIC STROMAL SARCOMA: RARE CASE REPORT
Authors: Dalal Niti , Singh Sunita , Goel Vartika , Sharma Pooja , Narayanan Arsha , Sen Rajeev 
Published: March 2020

Prostatic stromal sarcoma is rare and aggressive malignant mesenchymal tumor accounting for 0.1- 0.2% of all prostate malignancy. Here we report a case of middle aged male with lower urinary tract symptoms and normal PSA levels. Ultrasonography findings showed grade 3 prostatomegaly. An open prostatectomy specimen was sent and a diagnosis of Prostatic Stromal Sarcoma was made based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings.
Keywords: Prostate, Stromal sarcoma, mesenchymal
FOLLOW UP STUDY OVER A PERIOD OF SIX MONTHS WITH RESPECT TO REHABILITATION AND RECURRENCE AFTER BURN SURGICAL PROCEDURES.
Authors: Ramole Yashpal , Patel Badri , Songara M. C. , Chaurasia Ishant 
Published: March 2020

The study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal over the period of one & half year. Evaluation started with History and clinical examination including range of movement of joints. Scar was scored as per Clinical Assessment Score. Range of movement was measured using goniometer.
Although most patients came for follow up and were compliant with the rehabilitation protocol, their compliance needs to be re-evaluated at every follow up and they should be encouraged to follow the advices strictly. Also they must be counseled that contracture may not be corrected to the full extent despite best of treatment and compliance with rehabilitation protocol but a good level of improvement can be achieved.
Keywords: Burn, Surgery, Rehabilitation & Recurrence.
SPECTRUM AND OUTCOME OF BLUNT ABDOMINAL TRAUMA
Authors: Sharma Mahesh Kumar , Bhargava Dr. Arun 
Published: March 2020

Background: Blunt abdominal trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among all age groups. So we evaluate the spectrum and outcome of blunt trauma.
Methods: Hospital based prospective study conducted on 100 patients at department of general surgery.
Results: Distribution according to type of injury consisted of maximum cases, 84 (84%) of road traffic accidents, 11% cases were of fall from height.
Conclusions: Males were pre-dominantly affected. Road traffic accident was the most common cause of injury. Though conservative management is successful in carefully selected patients, operative management remains the main stay of treatment.
Keywords: Blunt abdominal trauma, Liver injury, Perforation, Splenic injury
TO STUDY THE PATTERN OF DYSLIPIDEMIA IN HYPOTHYROID PATIENTS
Authors: Tarik Mohammed , Chandra Subhash 
Published: March 2020

Background: Thyroid hormones play an important role in regulating lipid metabolism and thyroid dysfunctions can result in lipid abnormalities which increase the risk of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients selected as a sample of convenience in this cross sectional study from out-patient department of Medicine. Meticulous history taking and thorough clinical examinations were done. Report of lipid profile and thyroid function tests were recorded from patients file. All the information's were recorded in a pre-desigaed structured questionnaire. Collected data were classified, edited, coded and entered into the computer for statistical analysis by using Epi-info software.
Results: The serum TC, TG and LDL levels in hypothyroid individuals were significantly higher than euthyroid subjects.
Conclusion: We conclude that hypothyroid subjects had dyslipidemia. The present study indicated that hypothyroidism was associated with an abnormal lipid profile, especially with respect to the levels of TC, LDL and TG.
Keywords: Total cholesterol, Triglycerides and LDL
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CD 56+ NK (NATURAL KILLER) CELLS IN ENDOMETRIAL TISSUE OF NORMAL AND INFERTILE PATIENTS
Authors: Parveen Sultana , Singh O.Okendrajit , Pukhrambam Gayatri Devi , Devi R.K Praneshwari , Devi Ph. Madhubala 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: The endometrium is the special epithelial lining of the uterine cavity which plays important roles in different phases of menstrual cycle as well as in implantation process. The natural killer (NK) cells are a type of lymphocytes circulating in peripheral blood, named because of their effector functions in killing target cells. Immune cells that share similar phenotypic characteristic but are poor killers which populate the uterine lining at implantation and during early pregnancy when the placenta is established and are identified by the surface marker CD56+.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the mean cell count of CD56+ uterine natural killer (uNK) cells in endometrial tissue specimens and determine the association of the histopathological findings with CD56+ mean cell count.
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 50 endometrial tissue samples (biopsy and dilatation and curettage specimen) received in the department of Pathology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal during the period between September, 2016 and August, 2018 were selected and included in the study. Twenty-nine cases with history of primary and secondary infertility were included in the test group and 21 cases with no history of abortions and miscarriages constituted the control group. CD56+ cells were stained using mouse monoclonal CD56+ antibody and counted manually under ten high power fields (40X) and mean cell count was calculated and statistically analysed.
Results: The age of the study group ranged from 18 to 45 years (Mean ± SE; 35.88 ± 1.13). The mean number of CD56+ NK cells was higher in control groups 56.62 ± 5.683 (Mean ± SEM; N=21) as compared to the mean number of CD 56+ NK cells in the test group 38.20 ±3.958 (Mean ± SEM; N=29). The difference was statistically significant (difference of 1.195 with 95% confidence interval of 0.536 to 3.294, p = 0.008).
Conclusion: Mean number of CD 56+ uNK cells, show significant correlation with primary infertility and repeated miscarriages (p=0.022). CD56+ NK cells may have a role in the maintenance of normal pregnancy. It might be a useful marker for predicting risk of miscarriages and infertility.
Keywords: CD 56+, Natural killer (NK) cells, Endometrial tissue, Primary and secondary infertility.
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF FRACTURE SHAFT OF FEMUR IN PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP TREATED WITH TITANIUM ELASTIC NAILING SYSTEM
Authors: Mishra Vishal Kumar , Kumar Arvind , Kumar Gutha Sethu , Sarang Siddhartha 
Published: March 2020

Femoral shaft fractures are common fractures in paediatric age group. In children, fractures of the femoral shaft have been traditionally treated mostly by conservatively immobilization in a Spica cast, either immediately or after a period of traction. But this safe form of treatment has major drawbacks. The management of paediatric femoral shaft fractures gradually has evolved towards a more operative approach in the past decade. Elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) or Titanium elastic nailing system (TENS) is a recent technique which allows stable reduction, maintenance of reduction and early mobilization. . Aim of study is to assess the functional outcome of fracture shaft of femur in pediatric age group treated with titanium elastic nailing system. It is a prospective study which was conducted in the all children between 5-14 years of age with diaphyseal fractures of femur. Outcome of fracture shaft of femur in pediatric age group treated with titanium elastic nailing system was studied studied by observing following, Type of reduction among children with diaphyseal fractures of femur, .Duration for union after surgery , Range of motion after surger, weeks of Weight Bearing started , Limb length discrepancy, Malalignment . From present study we conclude that femur diaphyseal fracture in children between 5-14 years of age can be effectively managed with titanium elastic nails. TENS offers a biological, minimally invasive method of treatment for fracture shaft of femur in children with advantages of sufficient axial stability, early mobilization and more rapid return to function. this technique yields higher rate of excellent functional outcome.
Keywords: Femur, Diaphyseal Fracture, Children, TENS
USE OF MIFEPRISTONE AND MISOPROSTOL COMBINATION FOR FIRST TRIMESTER MTP UP TO 9 WEEKS
Authors: Vaghani Dhara N. , Parikh Rajni M. 
Published: March 2020

In India about 6.7 million abortions takes place every year of which 4 million are induced and 2 millions are spontaneous. WHO estimates that unsafe abortion kills about 70,000 women annually, many more suffer serious injuries and permanent disability. In spite of legalization of medical termination of pregnancy in India, the incidence of illegal abortion is at time more common than legal abortion. Unsafe abortion is major cause of mortality among women in India accounting for 12% of all maternal death. One way of reducing mortality and morbidity associated with unsafe abortion is early decision by women for termination of pregnancy by use of combination of mifepristone and misoprostol for termination of pregnancy up to 9 weeks. So the present study aims to study the efficacy of mifepristone and misoprostol for medical termination of pregnancy up to 9 weeks of pregnancy. This is a prospective randomized study undertaken in 100 patients seeking MTP, in the reproductive age group with a history of less than or equal to 9 weeks gestation, attending Obstretic and Gynace OPD of Sir Takhsinhji Hospital attached to Govt. Medical College, Bhavnagar from March 2018 to August 2019. They were administered 200 mg of mifepristone followed by oral misoprostol 400 ug after 48 hours and another 400ug misoprostol after 24 hours. Results show Overall success rate of 92% abortion failure rate of 8% were achieved. This treatment regimen was more effective in earlier gestational age group.
Keywords: Abortion, MTP, Mifepristone , Misoprostol
STUDY TO CORRELATE CLINICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS OF ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING ACCORDING TO FIGO’S PALM-COEIN CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Patel Disha , Nakum Kanaklata D , Vithal Aditi 
Published: March 2020

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common and debilitating condition with high direct and indirect costs. AUB frequently co-exists with fibroids, but the relationship between the two remains incompletely understood and in many women the identification of fibroids may be incidental to a menstrual bleeding complaint. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the common presenting complaints encountered by a Gynaecologist. The International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics working group on menstrual disorders has recently developed a classification system (PALM–COEIN) for causes of the AUB in non-gravid women. The present study was conducted with the aim to study and analyse the structural (PALM) and the functional (COEIN) component of the PALM–COEIN system of AUB in perimenopausal age group. A total of 200 perimenopausal women (aged 40 years and above till 1 year beyond menopause) who were admitted with complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding comprised the study population. Clinical diagnosis and allocation to PALM–COEIN was done. Endometrial biopsy and hysterectomy specimens (wherever applicable) were obtained and sent for histopathology. As per the histopathological ﬁndings, possible underlying causes were categorized. Clinical diagnosis was then correlated with histopathology-based ﬁnal diagnosis. PALM and COEIN components contributed almost equally for AUB when assessed clinically. The histological examination revealed signiﬁcantly more cases of PALM (structural or anatomical) component of AUB. The PALM COEIN classification system helps us in understanding various etiological causes of AUB and can be used by clinicians and researchers for international comparisons.
Keywords: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) , PALM–COEIN . Perimenopause
STUDY THE EFFECT OF SURGICAL STRESS ON SERUM POTASSIUM AND SERUM CALCIUM LEVEL
Authors: N Farukh Kha , Gothwal Sudarshan , Om Prabha 
Published: March 2020

Background: This study was randomized clinical trial carried out in 100 patients to study the effect of surgical stress on serum potassium and calcium and to relate these changes to age of the patient and duration of surgical stress.
Materials and Methods: The study was done in the Department of General Surgery SMS Medical College, Jaipur from June 2015 to June 2017. Patients equally distributed in two groups A and B on the basis of timing of collection of sample.
Blood was taken from the patients who were operated under spinal anaesthesia only, so that the chemical effect of anesthetic was as minimal as possible. For comparison few cases were investigated who were operated under general anaesthesia. In all the patients operated under spinal or general anaesthesia same drug and techniques were used to overcome bias.
Observations and Results: In the study we observed that variation in serum electrolyte seen in period of stress. Range of hypokalemia and hypocalcemia were 2.8 to 3.7 meq/lt and 7.6 to 8.4 mg% respectively in group A and hypokalemia and hypocalcemia were 3.0 to 3.4 meq/lt and 7.6 to 8.4 mg% respectively in group B. Maximum incidence of hypokalemia and hypocalcemia seen during 30-60 minutes duration of operation.
Conclusion: Surgical stress is main cause of fluctuation in blood calcium, and blood potassium levels in surgical ward. The variation consists of increase or decrease of both electrolytes because of activation of the pituitary adrenocortical systems and maximally seen in immediate post operative period.
Keywords: Calcium (Ca+2), Potassium (k+), Serum electrolytes, Surgical stress
A STUDY OF SERUM URIC ACID LEVELS IN PREECLAMPSIA
Authors: Goad Sushma , Verma Anita , Chandra Subhash 
Published: March 2020

Background: To Study Serum Uric Acid level elevation in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.
Methods: 50 Patients diagnosed as having Pre-eclampsia with age between 18-37 years and 50 controls with similar age group.
Results: The mean serum uric acid level in control group was 3.41 ± 0.62 and in patient 7.01 ± 0.58 which was statistically significant (p =0.001).
Conclusion: Serum uric acid levels were significantly higher in preeclampsia could be a useful indicator of fetal complication in preeclampsia patients.
Keywords: serum uric acid, preeclampsia, laboratory.
MORPHOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRY OF SCAPULAR ACROMION PROCESS SARASWATI MEDICAL COLLEGE, UNNAO
Authors: Joshi Manoj Bhavanidatta 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: The shoulder joint is the most important joint in human body and limitation of this joint movements affects the quality of life. The most common problem of joint replacements is the loosening of the shoulder joint. Rotator cuff muscles, static factors of the glenohumeral ligaments, the labrum and the joint capsule play a important role in stability of the glenohumeral joint. Morphometry of the acromion process is of significant importance and is commonly involved in impingement syndrome of the shoulder joint. As during surgery on shoulder joint the variations of the acromion process must be kept in mind and shape and various distances of the acromion process might benefit the orthopaedic operations. Material and Methods: A total of 100 unpaired dry scapula were isolated from the department of Anatomy. Two groups were made according to the side of the scapula and were equally divided into 50 right and 50 left scapula each. Bones were segregated and inspected individually. The shape of the acromion process of scapulae was recorded according to the Bigliani-Morrison-April classification. Dimensions were measured, using a vernier calipers including the size of the scapula and the acromion process.
Results: Mean length of scapula on right side was 12.98±1.00 and of left side was 13.06± 1.20 cm. Mean Width of right scapulae was 9.56± 0.66 and of left was 9.78±0.59 cm. Mean length of acromion of right and left scapulae was observed as 4.01±0.52 and 4.21±0.67 cm respectively. Mean Acromiocoracoid distance on right was observed as 3.11±0.44 cm and on left side as 3.87±0.45 cm. 48 % of the acromion process of scapulae were quadrangular, 34 % were boot shaped 8% were leaf shaped and rest 10% were other various shapes. Type I scapulae were 33%, type II as 21% and 46% were type III.
Conclusion: Features and dimensions of acromion process are associated with the pathology of the rotator cuff also role in it plays a significant role in stability of the shoulder joint. These measurements are useful for orthopedicians while performing procedures on shoulder joint.
Keywords: Scapula, acromion process, shoulder joint, Morphometry
TO DETERMINE THE PREVALENCE OF RENAL DISEASES IN HIV/AIDS PATIENTS AT AIMS, DEWAS
Authors: Prajapati Kishorilal , Trivedi Aparna , Prajapati Nivedita 
Published: March 2020

Method: HIV positive patients registered in ART centre of AIMS, Dewas. The study will be carried out on HIV positive patients attending ART centre, General medicine OPD, and those admitted in Medicine wards of AIMS, Dewas.
Result: Among 136 patients included in our study, 81 (59.3 %) were males and 55(40.3%) were females. Among those patients with renal dysfunction, 83.1% patients were diagnosed within past 3 years. 15.3% patients had duration of illness 3 to 6 years and only 1.6% patients had duration of illness more than 6 years. The influence of duration of illness on the risk of renal dysfunction was analyzed using One way ANOVA and Tukey pair wise analysis and found to be non significant.
Conclusion: Prevalence of renal dysfunction in our study was 14.3%. Among them, 18 patients were having acute kidney injury and recovered normal renal functions. This study shows that the risk of renal dysfunction is higher in inpatients compared to outpatients. This study shows that the risk of renal dysfunction is higher in advanced stages of the disease.
Keywords: Prevalence, Renal Diseases, HIV & AIDS.
TO STUDY THE OUTCOME OF LIFE THREATENING COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH COMPLICATED MALARIA
Authors: Prajapati Kishorilal , Trivedi Aparna , Prajapati Ms. Nivedita 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Method: This study was done at Department Of Medicine. All patients admitted with malaria in tertiary care Centre during the study period AIMS, Dewas from Sep 2018 to Aug 2019 were taken for the study after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our study is a clinical, prospective, observational and open study. Each patient was studied in detail with relevant clinical history and examination with following various investigations like peripheral smear for malarial parasite, complete blood count, renal function test , liver function test ,blood sugar level, USG abdomen ,chest x-ray , urine routine and micro and some special investigations like arterial blood gas analysis, bleeding profile.
Result: Total of 4 patients had developed hypoglycemia of which 1 had P.vivax, 1 had P.falciparum while 2 had mixed infection. Acidosis was seen in 25 patients in arterial blood gas analysis among which 21 patients had metabolic acidosis, 4 had mixed acidosis. 5 patients had developed ARDS and 5 patients had cerebral malaria.
Total 3 (6%) patient died in our study, amongst them 2 patient had mixed infection and 1 had complicated P.falciparum. The cause of death was cerebral malaria in all the case and MODS with ARDS. The entire patient died had multiple complications no mortality was there in patient with single complication.
Conclusion: Early detection of complications causing organ dysfunction utilizing Serum Creatinine >3mg/dl, total bilirubin >3mg/dl and Hb<8g/dl is valuable in diagnosing complicated malaria early and starting aggressive management, thereby preventing further morbidity and mortality.
Early detection of malaria and institution of prompt antimalarial can help to prevent complication of malaria. Early diagnosis of prompt complication and proper referral of patient to tertiary health care center can help to reduce the mortality and morbidity of the patient and gives a favorable outcome.
Keywords: Outcome, Complications, Malaria & Life.