bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Image Reconstruction for Gradient‐Domain Volumetric Rendering
Authors: Xu Zilin , Sun Qiang , Wang Lu , Xu Yanning , Wang Beibei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGradient‐domain rendering can highly improve the convergence of light transport simulation using the smoothness in image space. These methods generate image gradients and solve an image reconstruction problem with rendered image and the gradient images. Recently, a previous work proposed a gradient‐domain volumetric photon density estimation for homogeneous participating media. However, the image reconstruction relies on traditional L1 reconstruction, which leads to obvious artifacts when only a few rendering passes are performed. Deep learning based reconstruction methods have been exploited for surface rendering, but they are not suitable for volume density estimation. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised neural network for image reconstruction of gradient‐domain volumetric photon density estimation, more specifically for volumetric photon mapping, using a variant of GradNet with an encoded shift connection and a separated auxiliary feature branch, which includes volume based auxiliary features such as transmittance and photon density. Our network smooths the images on global scale and preserves the high frequency details on a small scale. We demonstrate that our network produces a higher quality result, compared to previous work. Although we only considered volumetric photon mapping, it's straightforward to extend our method for other forms, like beam radiance estimation.
Two‐stage Resampling for Bidirectional Path Tracing with Multiple Light Sub‐paths
Authors: Nabata K. , Iwasaki K. , Dobashi Y. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent advances in bidirectional path tracing (BPT) reveal that the use of multiple light sub‐paths and the resampling of a small number of these can improve the efficiency of BPT. By increasing the number of pre‐sampled light sub‐paths, the possibility of generating light paths that provide large contributions can be better explored and this can alleviate the correlation of light paths due to the reuse of pre‐sampled light sub‐paths by all eye sub‐paths. The increased number of pre‐sampled light subpaths, however, also incurs a high computational cost. In this paper, we propose a two‐stage resampling method for BPT to efficiently handle a large number of pre‐sampled light sub‐paths. We also derive a weighting function that can treat the changes in path probability due to the two‐stage resampling. Our method can handle a two orders of magnitude larger number of presampled light sub‐paths than previous methods in equal‐time rendering, resulting in stable and better noise reduction than state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Learning Target‐Adaptive Correlation Filters for Visual Tracking
Authors: She Y. , Yi Y. , Gu J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCorrelation filters (CF) achieve excellent performance in visual tracking but suffer from undesired boundary effects. A significant amount of approaches focus on enlarging search regions to make up for this shortcoming. However, this introduces excessive background noises and misleads the filter into learning from the ambiguous information. In this paper, we propose a novel target‐adaptive correlation filter (TACF) that incorporates context and spatial‐temporal regularizations into the CF framework, thus learning a more robust appearance model in the case of large appearance variations. Besides, it can be effectively optimized via the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM), thus achieving a global optimal solution. Finally, an adaptive updating strategy is presented to discriminate the unreliable samples and alleviate the contamination of these training samples. Extensive evaluations on OTB‐2013, OTB‐2015, VOT‐2016, VOT‐2017 and TC‐128 datasets demonstrate that our TACF is very promising for various challenging scenarios compared with several state‐of‐the‐art trackers, with real‐time performance of 20 frames per second(fps).
CLA‐GAN: A Context and Lightness Aware Generative Adversarial Network for Shadow Removal
Authors: Zhang Ling , Long Chengjiang , Yan Qingan , Zhang Xiaolong , Xiao Chunxia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel context and lightness aware Generative Adversarial Network (CLA‐GAN) framework for shadow removal, which refines a coarse result to a final shadow removal result in a coarse‐to‐fine fashion. At the refinement stage, we first obtain a lightness map using an encoder‐decoder structure. With the lightness map and the coarse result as the inputs, the following encoder‐decoder tries to refine the final result. Specifically, different from current methods restricted pixel‐based features from shadow images, we embed a context‐aware module into the refinement stage, which exploits patch‐based features. The embedded module transfers features from non‐shadow regions to shadow regions to ensure the consistency in appearance in the recovered shadow‐free images. Since we consider pathces, the module can additionally enhance the spatial association and continuity around neighboring pixels. To make the model pay more attention to shadow regions during training, we use dynamic weights in the loss function. Moreover, we augment the inputs of the discriminator by rotating images in different degrees and use rotation adversarial loss during training, which can make the discriminator more stable and robust. Extensive experiments demonstrate the validity of the components in our CLA‐GAN framework. Quantitative evaluation on different shadow datasets clearly shows the advantages of our CLA‐GAN over the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Visual Analytics in Dental Aesthetics
Authors: Amirkhanov Aleksandr , Bernhard Matthias , Karimov Alexey , Stiller Sabine , Geier Andreas , Gröller M. Eduard , Mistelbauer Gabriel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDental healthcare increasingly employs computer‐aided design software, to provide patients with high‐quality dental prosthetic devices. In modern dental reconstruction, dental technicians address the unique anatomy of each patient individually, by capturing the dental impression and measuring the mandibular movements. Subsequently, dental technicians design a custom denture that fits the patient from a functional point of view. The current Workflow does not include a systematic analysis of aesthetics, and dental technicians rely only on an aesthetically pleasing mock‐up that they discuss with the patient, and on their experience. Therefore, the final denture aesthetics remain unknown until the dental technicians incorporate the denture into the patient. In this Work, we present a solution that integrates aesthetics analysis into the functional Workflow of dental technicians. Our solution uses a video recording of the patient, to preview the denture design at any stage of the denture design process. We present a teeth pose estimation technique that enables denture preview and a set of linked visualizations that support dental technicians in the aesthetic design of dentures. These visualizations assist dental technicians in choosing the most aesthetically fitting preset from a library of dentures, in identifying the suitable denture size, and in adjusting the denture position. We demonstrate the utility of our system with four use cases, explored by a dental technician. Also, we performed a quantitative evaluation for teeth pose estimation, and an informal usability evaluation, with positive outcomes concerning the integration of aesthetics analysis into the functional Workflow.
Relative performance of various biomaterials used for maxillary sinus augmentation: A Bayesian network meta‐analysis
Authors: Trimmel Bálint , Gede Noémi , Hegyi Péter , Szakács Zsolt , Mezey Gyöngyi Anna , Varga Eszter , Kivovics Márton , Hanák Lilla , Rumbus Zoltán , Szabó György 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the histomorphometric outcomes obtained in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with different biomaterials used for maxillary sinus augmentation (MSA).Materials and MethodsA search of the existing medical literature until October 1, 2019, was performed. Inclusion criteria were (a) RCTs assessing a two‐stage MSA from the lateral approach using autologous bone or biomaterials for grafting and (b) reported histomorphometric outcomes based on crestal bone core biopsy samples. The Bayesian method was used to perform pairwise meta‐analyses and network meta‐analysis (NMA). The primary outcome, the new bone percentage (NB %), was calculated as mean differences with 95% credible intervals. The interventions were ranked by their posterior probability by calculating the surface under the cumulative ranking curve values.ResultsThirty‐four RCTs (842 MSAs) were included in the analysis with a normal healing period (5–8 months). All comparisons were presented in a league table. On the basis of the ranking probability, the most effective bone grafting material for NB% was bovine xenograft + bone marrow concentrate (BMC) (81%), followed by bovine xenograft + platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) (77%), bioactive glass ceramic + autologous bone 1:1 (70%), nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in silica gel (70%), and bioactive glass ceramic (70%). Autologous bone graft alone took the twelfth position with 57%.ConclusionWithin the limitations of the present NMA, the analysis did not confirm autologous bone alone as the gold standard for MSA and showed superiority of composite grafts such as bovine xenograft + BMC after 5–8 months of healing.
Assessment of pulmonary arterial stiffness in patients with cirrhosis: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Öz Ahmet , Çınar Tufan , Taş Ebru , Çağan Efe Süleyman , Ayça Burak , Karabağ Turgut 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn the current literature, several studies show that PAS (pulmonary artery stiffness) is associated with RV (right ventricular) dysfunction, PAH (pulmonary arterial hypertension), and disease severity in subjects with structural cardiac disease, HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), and chronic lung disease. Hence, our main aim was to use PAS to show the early changes in the pulmonary vascular region in subjects with cirrhosis.Material and MethodsIn this prospective cross‐sectional study, 39 subjects who were being followed up with cirrhosis and 41 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects were included in this study. For each case, the PAS value was obtained by dividing mean peak velocity of the pulmonary flow by the PfAT (pulmonary flow acceleration time).ResultsThe measured PAS was 23.62 ± 5.87 (Hz/msn) in cirrhotic participants and 19.09 ± 4.16 (Hz/msn) in healthy cases (P < .001). We found a positive statistical significance between PAS and RVSP (right ventricle systolic pressure)/sPAP (systolic pulmonary arterial pressure) (r = .395; P = .013). PAS was an independent predictor that was associated with cirrhosis disease according to multivariate LR (logistic regression) analysis (OR: 1.209; 95% CI: 1.059–1.381; P = .005).ConclusionBased on the study results, we consider that PAS may help in the early detection of findings in the pulmonary vascular area, even if the RV function findings or sPAP is within the normal range.
Probing the role of propagule pressure, stochasticity, and Allee effects on invasion success using experimental introductions of a biological control agent
Authors: Williams Hester E. , Brockerhoff Eckehard G. , Liebhold Andrew M. , Ward Darren F. 
Published: November 2020

Although most populations of non‐native species arriving in new environments fail to establish, mechanisms behind failed biological invasions are still poorly understood.
Propagule pressure has been found to be a dominant driver of establishment success, underpinned by processes such as stochasticity and Allee effects. While studies have revealed the presence of a component Allee effect in field populations, empirical support for demographic Allee effects has been limited.
We used the leaf‐feeding beetle Neolema ogloblini, a biological control agent against the plant Tradescantiafluminensis, as a proxy invasive species to experimentally study the process of establishment. We investigated how the initial size of the population released affects the probability of establishment and population growth in the first season after introduction at isolated sites in New Zealand.
The probability of establishment was found to increase with numbers of individuals released. A significant quadratic relationship was found between population size released and per capita population growth rate; that is per capita population growth rate initially increased as population size released increased but decreased at higher population levels.
These results support the presence of a demographic Allee effect. However, as the influence of stochasticity (environmental and demographic) could not be completely separated from that of a demographic Allee effect, we conclude that extinction probability in the experimental populations of N. ogloblini was influenced by both a demographic Allee effect and stochasticity.
Our study demonstrates and supports the concept that experimental biocontrol agent releases can be used for testing hypotheses regarding invasion biology.
Long‐lasting tagging of neurons activated by seizures or cocaine administration in Egr1‐CreERT2 transgenic mice
Authors: Longueville Sophie , Nakamura Yuki , Brami‐Cherrier Karen , Coura Renata , Hervé Denis , Girault Jean‐Antoine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPermanent tagging of neuronal ensembles activated in specific experimental situations is an important objective to study their properties and adaptations. In the context of learning and memory, these neurons are referred to as engram neurons. Here, we describe and characterize a novel mouse line, Egr1‐CreERT2, which carries a transgene in which the promoter of the immediate early gene Egr1 drives the expression of the CreERT2 recombinase that is only active in the presence of tamoxifen metabolite, 4‐hydroxy‐tamoxifen (4‐OHT). Egr1‐CreERT2 mice were crossed with various reporter mice, Cre‐dependently expressing a fluorescent protein. Without tamoxifen or 4‐OHT, no or few tagged neurons were observed. Epileptic seizures induced by pilocarpine or pentylenetetrazol in the presence of tamoxifen or 4‐OHT elicited the persistent tagging of many neurons and some astrocytes in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus, where Egr1 is transiently induced by seizures. One week after cocaine and 4‐OHT administration, these mice displayed a higher number of tagged neurons in the dorsal striatum than saline/4‐OHT controls, with differences between reporter lines. Cocaine‐induced tagging required ERK activation and tagged neurons were more likely than others to exhibit ERK phosphorylation or Fos induction after a second injection. Interestingly neurons tagged in saline‐treated mice also had an increased propensity to express Fos, suggesting the existence of highly responsive striatal neurons susceptible to be re‐activated by cocaine repeated administration, which may contribute to the behavioral adaptations. Our report validates a novel transgenic mouse model for permanently tagging activated neurons and studying long‐term alterations of Egr1‐expressing cells.
Global patterns and predictors of trophic position, body size and jaw size in fishes
Authors: Kopf R. Keller , Yen Jian D. L. , Nimmo Dale G. , Brosse Sébastien , Villéger Sébastien 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was test whether maximum body mass and jaw length are reliable predictors of trophic position (TP) in fishes, and to compare linear and nonlinear machine‐learning (ML) models incorporating biogeography, habitat and other morphological traits.LocationGlobal.Time periodModern.Major taxa studiedFishes.MethodsWe compiled a global database of TP (2.0–4.5), maximum body mass, jaw length, order, ecoregion, habitat and other morphological traits of freshwater, estuarine and diadromous fishes (n = 1,991). We used Bayesian linear mixed effects and ML, with r2 analogues and 10‐fold cross‐validation, to explain and predict TP.ResultsRandom forest models outperformed Bayesian models in all comparisons. Jaw length was the most influential predictor of TP, but was weakly associated with body mass except in five orders of largely piscivorous fishes. Trophic position did not scale positively with body mass in global ecoregions, riverine fishes, or in 29/30 orders, but scaled positively in lacustrine fishes and Perciformes. Significant negative TP–body mass scaling was observed in Characiformes. Best models explained 55% of the global variation in TP, but over‐estimated the position of herbivores‐detritivores, and under‐estimated the position of top predators.Main conclusionsOur study provides support for jaw length as an important mechanism constraining TP in one of the world’s largest groups of vertebrates. Jaw length and body mass were weakly correlated, and therefore body size was not a strong predictor of TP. The diversification of large‐bodied herbivores‐detritivores and omnivores in freshwater ecosystems, coupled with small predators in species‐rich orders (e.g., Cypriniformes, Characiformes) in temperate and tropical rivers explains why TP globally shows a weak relationship with body size. Our model validation results underscore the importance of not assuming that explanatory power extends to predictive capacity in macroecology and machine‐learning models.
Narrating connection in intercountry adoption: Complexities of openness in Taiwan‒Australia adoptions
Authors: Wright Amy Conley , van Wichelen Sonja , Spencer Margaret , Chen Yu‐Wen , Lin Ching‐Hsuan , Wang Chin‐Wan 
Published: November 2020

Connection and reunion is central to adoption, though complicated by geographical, cultural and linguistic differences in the intercountry adoption space. Drawing from narrative interviews, this study investigated perspectives on connection from the perspectives of adult adopted persons and adoptive parents in Australia, from families of origin in Taiwan and from professionals in both countries. Two primary themes characterising perspectives were found: openness to the possibilities of connection was the predominant theme among adoptees and adoptive parents, and concerns about disrupting the status quo was most common among birth mothers. These two perspectives are both distinct and at times simultaneously held. While connection in adoption is inherently personal and relational, due to the complex, sensitive and evolving nature of connections in adoption, developing and negotiating connections relies strongly on statutory and institutional policies and practices. The article concludes by discussing implications for policies and practices related to openness in intercountry adoption.Key practitioner message: •The study identified how connection is narrated and openness practiced by adoptees, birth parents, adoptive parents and professionals in Taiwan–Australia adoptions;•Adoption practice should take account of different narratives of connection and life changes that may impact upon openness and interest in reunion;•The study underscores how statutory and institutional policies and practices affect the narration of connection beyondthe personal and relational.
Relación e influencia mutua entre el derecho internacional y el derecho europeo del trabajo
Authors: ROBIN‐OLIVIER Sophie 
Published: November 2020

ResumenA partir de observaciones sobre el modo en que el derecho de la Unión Europea (UE) incorpora o utiliza los instrumentos internacionales destinados a garantizar la protección de los trabajadores u otros actos de las organizaciones internacionales a dicho fin, el presente artículo define las lógicas que caracterizan los vínculos, a menudo tenues pero múltiples, entre el derecho europeo y el derecho internacional del trabajo, tomado este último en su sentido más amplio. Cuatro lógicas se hacen visibles: las de la inspiración, la autonomía, la imbricacióny la mediación.
Severity of illness and distress in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: Do internalized stigma and caregiving burden mediate the relationship?
Authors: Guan Ziyao , Wang Yuwei , Lam Louisa , Cross Wendy , Wiley James A. , Huang Chongmei , Bai Xiaoling , Sun Mei , Tang Siyuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo test a multiple mediation model of internalized stigma and caregiving burden in the relationship between severity of illness and distress among family caregivers of persons living with schizophrenia.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional study.MethodsData were collected from a consecutive sample of 344 Chinese family caregivers of persons living with schizophrenia between April‐August 2018. Instruments used in this research included the Clinical Global Impression‐Severity of Illness, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, the Caregiver Burden Inventory, and the Distress Thermometer. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, the Spearman correlation, and regression analysis to estimate direct and indirect effects using bootstrap analysis.ResultsThis research found that internalized stigma and caregiving burden can separately and sequentially mediate the relationship between severity of illness and distress. Moreover the mediation of internalized stigma plays the largest role among the multiple mediations.ConclusionThe severity of illness, internalized stigma, and caregiving burden are significant factors of distress among family caregivers of persons living with schizophrenia. The future intervention studies which be designed aiming at the three factors may be beneficial for family caregivers of persons living with schizophrenia.ImpactThis research examined the psychosocial development of distress and indicated that interventions improving patients’ symptoms and decreasing internalized stigma and caregiving burden can help to prevent or reduce distress among family caregivers.
Blood pressure variability and outcome in acute severe stroke: A post hoc analysis of CHASE—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhao Jingjing , Yuan Fang , Fu Feng , Liu Yi , Xue Changhu , Wang Kangjun , Yuan Xiangjun , Li Dingan , Liu Qiuwu , Zhang Wei , Jia Yi , He Jianbo , Zhou Jun , Wang Xiaocheng , Lv Hua , Huo Kang , Li Zhuanhui , Zhang Bei , Wang Chengkai , Li Li , Li Hongzeng , Yang Fang , Jiang Wen ,   the CHASE Study Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe influence of blood pressure variability (BPV) on outcomes in patients with severe stroke is still largely unsettled. Using the data of CHASE trial, the authors calculated the BPV during the acute phase and subacute phase of severe stroke, respectively. The primary outcome was to investigate the relationship between BPV and 90‐day modified Rankin scale (mRS) ≥ 3. The BPV was assessed by eight measurements including standard deviation (SD), mean, maximum, minimum, coefficient of variation (CV), successive variation (SV), functional successive variation (FSV), and average real variability (ARV). Then, the SD of SBP was divided into quintiles and compared the quintile using logistic regression in three models. The acute phase included 442 patients, and the subacute phase included 390 patients. After adjustment, six measurements of BPV during the subacute phase rather than acute phase were strongly correlated with outcomes including minimum (odds ratio [OR]: 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69‐0.99, p = .037), SD (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.17, p = .007), CV (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.23, p = .012), ARV (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05‐1.20, p < .001), SV (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04‐1.15, p = .001), and FSV (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05‐1.19, p = .001). In the logistic regression, the highest fifth of SD of SBP predicted poor outcome in all three models. In conclusion, the increased BPV was strongly correlated with poor outcomes in the subacute phase of severe stroke, and the magnitude of association was progressively increased when the SD of BP was above 12.