bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Proposal for Criteria of Safe and Functional Port: The Perspective of Seafarers
Authors: Sulistiyono A B , Mutmainnah W , Seputro F H , Furusho M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Indonesia is the largest archipelagic state in the world with abundant natural resources and its geographical location. However, domestic connectivity is one of the major national issues that cause economic disparity among regions in Indonesia. The government is giving attention to maritime infrastructure development, especially port construction. Port construction process, applying other infrastructure construction standard in Indonesia, is started by setting an aim to get profit from the owner company. Then the owner company choose designer consultant to make a Detailed Engineering Design. After that, the tender process is conducted to select Construction Company. Finally, the chosen contractor start the construction. Seafarers, as the intense user of port facilities, have to accept the port condition as it is. Opinions from seafarers regarding the safety and functionality of ports would make the port acceptable for seafarer and could improve working performance at ports and support better-living conditions in the surrounding areas. Thus, the objectives of the paper are to find the criteria of the safe and functional port, to find the safest and most functional port standards from seafarers` point of view, and to propose the recommendation program to improve the level of safety and functionality of the port, especially in Tanjung Perak Port as case study. The discussion will be focused on passenger terminal and RoRo ship, so the seafarers who are onboard the Roro ships are targeted as respondent. Safety of port and functionality of port are defined using 4M Overturned Pyramid (MOP) model. Seven points of criteria of the safe and functional seaport have been obtained. The questionnaire is then created to approach the seafarers’ opinion regarding the safety and functionality of the port. The port that durable in all-weather condition (strong wind, wave height, tide, temperature) is chosen as the safest and most functional port by seafarers.
The Impact of Implementation New Regulation on Maritime Industry: A Review of Implementation BWTS
Authors: Hardiyanto  , Pitana T , Handani D W 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
IMO as an international institution has issued various regulations about the safety and environment. Based on regulations regarding BWT (Ballast Water Management) issued by IMO on international conventions to control ballast water was held in 2004. Indonesian Presidential Regulation number 132 of 2015 states that it has participated in ratifying the Convention. The impact of implementing regulations passed on the existence of several maritime industry sectors must be assessed and considered. The installation of instruments on ships causes incur greater costs to be spent by shipowners which have an impact on the survival of the industry. This study analyzes the impact of applying this regulation by conducted a literature study to examine the maritime industry that will be affected and potential costs that will be required after implementation of this regulation. The result of this study has found analyze of impact implementation of new regulation should be determined. The method to determine this impact can be done using simulation such as a developed dynamic system.
Maritime Safety Education with Augmented Reality (AR) Technology (Case study: Introduction of Ship Safety Plan)
Authors: Pitana T , Prastowo H , Purnama P M R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Augmented Reality is a technology that can combine 2-dimension or 3-dimension virtual objects to be added to the real environment and combine them so that they can create mixed realities and project them into real-time. Augmented Reality is a field in which virtual objects are integrated into a real environment in real-time. This technology-based on the android application is applied to facilitate education media and inspection for life-saving appliances on board. All life-saving appliances can be displayed alongside the information and the location of the object. Utilizing AR is possible to be used as educational media to get precise information relating to the locations, objects, and quantity. Therefore, by becoming visible, it is possible to increase the sense of realism and immersion of this technology.
Resonant amplification of surface plasmon polaritons with an electric current in a single-walled carbon nanotube lying on a spatially modulated substrate
Authors: Kadochkin Alexey S , Moiseev Sergey G , Dadoenkova Yuliya S , Bentivegna Florian F L , Svetukhin Vyacheslav V , Zolotovskii Igor O 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We discuss the possibility of using a direct electric current pump in order to amplify a mid-infrared surface plasmon polariton (SPP) in a single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) deposited on a substrate. Amplification is achieved providing that the phase velocity of the SPP and the drift velocity of the charge carriers in the nanotube are matched. Calculating the amplification characteristics involves numerical simulations that allow to account for the influence of the substrate on the dispersion and inhomogeneity of the plasmon mode field distribution across the CNT. The spectral behaviour of an amplified SPP is shown to exhibit a high sensitivity to variations of the refractive index of the substrate supporting the CNT. We propose a design for the resonant amplification of SPPs with a DC current pump, in which a distributed resonator is obtained with a periodical modulation of the refractive index of the substrate.
Carbon-11 and Carbon-12 beam range verifications through prompt gamma and annihilation gamma measurements: Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Chalise Ananta Raj , Chi Yujie , Lai Youfang , Shao Yiping , Jin Mingwu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Range uncertainty remains a big concern in particle therapy, as it may cause target dose degradation and normal tissue overdosing. Positron emission tomography (PET) and prompt gamma imaging (PGI) are two promising modalities for range verification. However, the relatively long acquisition time of PET and the relatively low yield of PGI pose challenges for real-time range verification. In this paper, we explore using the primary Carbon-11 (C-11) ion beams to enhance the gamma yield compared to the primary C-12 ion beams to improve PET and PGI by using Monte Carlo simulations of water and PMMA phantoms at four incident energies (95, 200, 300, and 430 MeV u−1). Prompt gammas (PGs) and annihilation gammas (AGs) were recorded for post-processing to mimic PGI and PET imaging, respectively. We used both time-of-flight (TOF) and energy selections for PGI, which boosted the ratio of PGs to background neutrons to 2.44, up from 0.87 without the selections. At the lowest incident energy (100 MeVu-1), PG yield from C-11 was 0.82 times of that from C-12, while AG yield from C-11 was 6 ∼ 11 folds higher than from C-12 in PMMA. At higher energies, PG differences between C-11 and C-12 were much smaller, while AG yield from C-11 was 30%∼90% higher than from C-12 using minute-acquisition. With minute-acquisition, the AG depth distribution of C-11 showed a sharp peak coincident with the Bragg peak due to the decay of the primary C-11 ions, but that of C-12 had no such one. The high AG yield and distinct peaks could lead to more precise range verification of C-11 than C-12. These results demonstrate that using C-11 ion beams for potentially combined PGI and PET has great potential to improve online single-spot range verification accuracy and precision.
Percolation with plasticity for neuromorphic systems
Authors: Karpov V G , Serpen G , Patmiou Maria 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We develop a theory of percolation with plasticity media (PWPs) rendering properties of interest for neuromorphic computing. Unlike the standard percolation, they have multiple (N ≫ 1) interfaces and exponentially large number (N!) of conductive pathways between them. These pathways consist of non-ohmic random resistors that can undergo bias induced nonvolatile modifications (plasticity). The neuromorphic properties of PWPs include: multi-valued memory, high dimensionality and nonlinearity capable of transforming input data into spatiotemporal patterns, tunably fading memory ensuring outputs that depend more on recent inputs, and no need for massive interconnects. A few conceptual examples of functionality here are random number generation, matrix-vector multiplication, and associative memory. Understanding PWP topology, statistics, and operations opens a field of its own calling upon further theoretical and experimental insights.
Neurodegenerative disease is associated with increased incidence of epilepsy: a population based study of older adults
Authors: Blank Leah J , Acton Emily K , Thibault Dylan , Willis Allison W 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
To determine the incidence of epilepsy among Medicare beneficiaries with a new diagnosis of Alzheimer dementia (AD) or Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries with an incident diagnosis of AD or PD in the year 2009. The 5-year incidence of epilepsy was examined by sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities and neurodegenerative disease status. Cox regression models examined the association of neurodegenerative disease with incident epilepsy, adjusting for demographic characteristics and medical comorbidities.

Results
We identified 178,593 individuals with incident AD and 104,157 individuals with incident PD among 34,054,293 Medicare beneficiaries with complete data in 2009. Epilepsy was diagnosed in 4.45% (7,956) of AD patients and 4.81% (5,010) of PD patients between 2009 and 2014, approximately twice as frequently as in the control sample. Minority race/ethnicity was associated with increased risk of incident epilepsy. Among individuals with AD and PD, stroke was associated with increased epilepsy risk. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was associated with increased epilepsy risk for individuals with PD. Depression was also associated with incident epilepsy (AD adjusted hazard ratio (AHR): 1.23 (1.17–1.29), PD AHR: 1.45 (1.37–1.54)). In PD only, a history of hip fracture (AHR, 1.35 (1.17–1.57)) and diabetes (AHR, 1.11 (1.05–1.18) were also associated with increased risk of epilepsy.

Conclusion
Incident epilepsy is more frequently diagnosed among neurodegenerative disease patients, particularly when preceded by a diagnosis of depression, TBI or stroke. Further studies into the differences in epilepsy risk between these two populations may help elucidate different mechanisms of epileptogenesis.
Asymmetries affecting aggressive contests between solitary parasitoids: the effect of host species
Authors: Guerra-Grenier Eric , Abram Paul K , Brodeur Jacques 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Conflicts in animals are usually resolved based on asymmetries, where contest winners are often those that value a resource the most and/or those who have the greatest potential to retain it. In parasitoid wasps, contests between females determine which individual exploits hosts for offspring production. Previous studies on solitary parasitoids rarely considered the role of biotic factors generating phenotypic variation that could influence the strength of asymmetries. Some parasitoid species parasitize host species of various sizes, producing offspring that vary considerably in size and potentially fighting ability. In this study, we reared the egg endoparasitoid Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on two host species to measure the effect of body size on contest resolution and how it interacts with ownership and resource value (RV) asymmetries. Our results showed that ownership status best predicts the final contest outcome when similar-sized wasps fight over hosts. The frequency and outcomes of individual fights structuring contests were better explained by the difference in the number of eggs laid in the hosts by each female at a given time. When contestants varied in body size, larger intruders frequently dislodged small owners regardless of ownership and RV asymmetries. These results imply that body size is an important factor to consider in solitary parasitoid contests and that it can overshadow the effects of other asymmetries. Our study suggests that host community diversity could have a direct effect on parasitoid contests and that biotic communities, through their effects on animal phenotypes, may play an underrated role in contest resolution.
Bayesian design of clinical trials using joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Psioda Matthew A , Ibrahim Joseph G 
Published: September 2020

Summary
Joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data are increasingly used for the analysis of clinical trial data. However, few methods have been proposed for designing clinical trials using these models. In this article, we develop a Bayesian clinical trial design methodology focused on evaluating the treatment’s effect on the time-to-event endpoint using a flexible trajectory joint model. By incorporating the longitudinal outcome trajectory into the hazard model for the time-to-event endpoint, the joint modeling framework allows for non-proportional hazards (e.g., an increasing hazard ratio over time). Inference for the time-to-event endpoint is based on an average of a time-varying hazard ratio which can be decomposed according to the treatment’s direct effect on the time-to-event endpoint and its indirect effect, mediated through the longitudinal outcome. We propose an approach for sample size determination for a trial such that the design has high power and a well-controlled type I error rate with both operating characteristics defined from a Bayesian perspective. We demonstrate the methodology by designing a breast cancer clinical trial with a primary time-to-event endpoint and where predictive longitudinal outcome measures are also collected periodically during follow-up.
Tumour necrosis factor induces increased production of extracellular amyloid-β- and α-synuclein-containing aggregates by human Alzheimer’s disease neurons
Authors: Whiten Daniel R , Brownjohn Philip W , Moore Steven , De Suman , Strano Alessio , Zuo Yukun , Haneklaus Moritz , Klenerman David , Livesey Frederick J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In addition to increased aberrant protein aggregation, inflammation has been proposed as a key element in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. How inflammation interacts with other disease pathways and how protein aggregation increases during disease are not clear. We used single-molecule imaging approaches and membrane permeabilization assays to determine the effect of chronic exposure to tumour necrosis factor, a master proinflammatory cytokine, on protein aggregation in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons harbouring monogenic Alzheimer’s disease mutations. We report that exposure of Alzheimer’s disease neurons, but not control neurons, to tumour necrosis factor induces substantial production of extracellular protein aggregates. Aggregates from Alzheimer’s disease neurons are composed of amyloid-β and α-synuclein and induce significant permeabilization of lipid membranes in an assay of pathogenicity. These findings provide support for a causal relationship between two crucial processes in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and suggest that targeting inflammation, particularly tumour necrosis factor, may have beneficial downstream effects on ameliorating aberrant protein aggregation and accumulation.
PTPN11 Mutations in the Ras-MAPK Signaling Pathway Affect Human White Matter Microstructure
Authors: Fattah Mustafa , Raman Mira M , Reiss Allan L , Green Tamar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We examined whether PTPN11 mutations affect the white matter connectivity of the developing human brain. Germline activating mutations to the PTPN11 gene cause overactivation of the Ras-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase pathway. Activating mutations cause Noonan syndrome (NS), a developmental disorder associated with hyperactivity and cognitive weakness in attention, executive function, and memory. In mouse models of NS, PTPN11 mutations cause reduced axon myelination and white matter formation, while the effects of PTPN11 mutations on human white matter are largely unknown. For the first time, we assessed 17 children with NS (9 females, mean age, 8.68 ± 2.39) and 17 age- and sex-matched controls (9 female, mean age, 8.71 ± 2.40) using diffusion brain imaging for white matter connectivity and structural magnetic resonance imaging to characterize brain morphology. Children with NS showed widespread reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA; 82 613 voxels, t = 1.49, P &lt; 0.05) and increases in radial diffusivity (RD; 94 044 voxels, t = 1.22, P &lt; 0.05), denoting decreased white matter connectivity. In NS, the FA of the posterior thalamic radiation correlated positively with inhibition performance, whereas connectivity in the genu of the corpus callosum was inversely associated with auditory attention performance. Additionally, we observed negative and positive correlations, respectively, between memory and the cingulum hippocampus, and memory and the cingulum cingulate gyrus. These findings elucidate the neural mechanism underpinning the NS cognitive phenotype, and may serve as a brain-based biomarker.
Duration of Outpatient Antibiotic Therapy for Common Outpatient Infections, 2017
Authors: King Laura M , Hersh Adam L , Hicks Lauri A , Fleming-Dutra Katherine E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Our objective was to describe the duration of antibiotic therapy for the management of common outpatient conditions. The median duration of antibiotic courses for most common conditions, except for acute cystitis, was 10 days, in many cases exceeding guideline-recommended durations.
Adherence to quality indicators for ST-elevation myocardial infarction and its relation to mortality: a hospital network analysis from the Belgian STEMI database
Authors: Bosmans Sara , Sluyts Yasmine , Lysens de Oliveira e Silva-Van Acker Jonas , Van Caenegem Olivier , Sinnaeve Peter R , Dubois Philippe , Vranckx Pascal , Gevaert Sofie , Coussement Patrick , Beauloye Christophe , Evrard Patrick , Argacha Jean-François , De Raedt Herbert , Wouters Kristien , Claeys Marc J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aims
To assess the adherence to established quality indicators (QIs) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) at the hospital-network level and its relation to outcome.

Methods and results
The data of 7774 STEMI patients admitted to 32 STEMI networks during the period 2014–18 were extracted from the Belgian STEMI database. Five QIs [primary percutaneous coronary intervention use, diagnosis-to-balloon time (DiaTB) &lt;90 min, door-to-balloon time (DoTB) &lt;60 min, P2Y12 inhibitor and statin prescription at discharge, and a composite QI score ranging from 0 to 10] were correlated with in-hospital mortality adjusted for differences in baseline risk profile (TIMI risk score). The median composite QI score was 6.5 [interquartile range (IQR) 6–8]. The most important gaps in quality adherence were related to time delays: the recommended DiaTB and DoTB times across the different networks were achieved in 68% (IQR 53–71) and 67% (IQR 50–78), respectively. Quality adherence was better in networks taking care of more high-risk STEMI patients. The median in-hospital mortality among the STEMI networks was 6.4% (IQR 4.1–7.9%). There was a significant independent inverse correlation between the composite QI score and in-hospital mortality (partial correlation coefficient: −0.45, P = 0.013). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that among the individual QIs, prolonged DiaTB was the most important independent outcome predictor.

Conclusion
Among established STEMI networks, the time delay between diagnosis and treatment was the most variable and the most relevant prognostic QI, underscoring the importance of assessing quality of care throughout the whole network.
Non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants for secondary stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Diener Hans-Christoph , Hankey Graeme J , Easton J Donald , Lip Gregory Y H , Hart Robert G , Caso Valeria 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The aims of this article are to review the evidence regarding the use of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for secondary stroke prevention as compared to vitamin K antagonists in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and in patients with embolic strokes of uncertain source (ESUS), and when to initiate or resume anticoagulation after an ischaemic stroke or intracranial haemorrhage.
Four large trials compared NOACs with warfarin in patients with AF. In our meta-analyses, the rate of all stroke or systemic embolism (SE) was 4.94% with NOACs vs. 5.73% with warfarin. Among the patients with AF and previous transient ischaemic attack or ischaemic stroke, the rate of haemorrhagic stroke was halved with a NOAC vs. warfarin, and the rate of major bleeding was 5.7% with a NOAC vs. 6.4% with warfarin. There was no significant difference in mortality. In a trial comparing apixaban with aspirin in patients with AF, the rate of stroke or SE was 2.4% at 1 year with apixaban vs. 9.2% at 1 year with aspirin and the rates of major bleeding were 4.1% with apixaban vs. 2.9% with aspirin. Data from registries confirmed the results from the randomized trials. Initiation or resumption of anticoagulation after ischaemic stroke or cerebral haemorrhage depends on the size and severity of stroke and the risk of recurrent bleeding. Two large trials tested the hypothesis that NOACs are more effective than 100 mg aspirin in patients with ESUS. Neither trial showed a significant benefit of the NOAC over aspirin.
In the meta-analysis, the rate all stroke or SE was 4.94% with NOACs vs. 5.73% with warfarin and the rate of haemorrhagic stroke was halved with a NOAC. The four NOACs had broadly similar efficacy for the major outcomes in secondary stroke prevention.
Automatic Quantification of Tandem Walking Using a Wearable Device: New Insights Into Dynamic Balance and Mobility in Older Adults
Authors: Ganz Natalie , Gazit Eran , Giladi Nir , Dawe Robert J , Mirelman Anat , Buchman Aron S , Hausdorff Jeffrey M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Wearable sensors are increasingly employed to quantify diverse aspects of mobility. We developed novel tandem walking (TW) metrics, validated these measures using data from community-dwelling older adults, and evaluated their association with mobility disability and measures of gait and postural control.

Methods
Six hundred ninety-three community-dwelling older adults (age: 78.69 ± 7.12 years) wore a 3D accelerometer on their lower back while performing 3 tasks: TW, usual-walking, and quiet standing. Six new measures of TW were extracted from the sensor data along with the clinician’s conventional assessment of TW missteps (ie, trip other loss of balance in which recovery occurred to prevent a fall) and duration. Principal component analysis transformed the 6 new TW measures into 2 summary TW composite factors. Logistic regression models evaluated whether these TW factors were independently associated with mobility disability.

Results
Both TW factors were moderately related to the TW conventional measures (r &lt; 0.454, p &lt; .001) and were mildly correlated with usual-walking (r &lt; 0.195, p &lt; .001) and standing, postural control (r &lt; 0.119, p &lt; .001). The TW frequency composite factor (p = .008), but not TW complexity composite factor (p = .246), was independently associated with mobility disability in a model controlling for age, sex, body mass index, race, conventional measures of TW, and other measures of gait and postural control.

Conclusions
Sensor-derived TW metrics expand the characterization of gait and postural control and suggest that they reflect a relatively independent domain of mobility. Further work is needed to determine if these metrics improve risk stratification for other adverse outcomes (eg, falls and incident disability) in older adults.