bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Clinicopathological Results of Thyroid Cancer With BRAF
V600E Mutation in the Young Population of Fukushima
Authors: Iwadate Manabu , Mitsutake Norisato , Matsuse Michiko , Fukushima Toshihiko , Suzuki Satoshi , Matsumoto Yoshiko , Ookouchi Chiyo , Mizunuma Hiroshi , Nakamura Izumi , Nakano Keiichi , Sakamoto Atsuhiko , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Ito Masahiro , Naganuma Hiroshi , Hashimoto Yuko , Shimura Hiroki , Yamashita Shunichi , Suzuki Shinichi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Thyroid ultrasound screening for children aged 0 to 18 years was performed in Fukushima following the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. As a result, many thyroid cancer cases were detected. To explore the carcinogenic mechanisms of these cancers, we analyzed their clinicopathological and genetic features.

Methods
We analyzed 138 cases (52 males and 86 females) who had undergone surgery between 2013 and 2016 at Fukushima Medical University Hospital. Postoperative pathological diagnosis revealed 136 (98.6%) cases of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).

Results
The BRAFV600E mutation was detected using direct DNA sequencing in 96 (69.6%) of the thyroid cancer cases. In addition, oncogenic rearrangements were detected in 23 cases (16.7%). Regarding chromosomal rearrangements, 8 (5.8%) RET/PTC1, 6 (4.3%) ETV6(ex4)/NTRK3, 2 (1.4%) STRN/ALK, and 1 each of RET/PTC3, AFAP1L2/RET, PPFIBP/RET, KIAA1217/RET, ΔRFP/RET, SQSTM1/NTRK3 and TPR/NTRK1 were detected. Tumor size was smaller in the BRAFV600E mutation cases (12.8 ± 6.8 mm) than in wild-type BRAF cases (20.9 ± 10.5 mm). In the BRAFV600E mutation cases, 83 (86.5%) showed lymph node metastasis, whereas 26 (61.9%) of the wild-type BRAF cases showed lymph node metastasis.

Conclusions
The BRAFV600E mutation was mainly detected in residents of Fukushima, which was different from post-Chernobyl PTC cases with RET/PTC3 rearrangement. PTC with the BRAFV600E mutation was smaller but was shown in the high rate of central cervical lymph node metastasis than the wild-type BRAF PTC in the young population of Fukushima.
Parathyroid Hormone and Bone Mineral Density: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Qu Zihao , Yang Fangkun , Hong Jianqiao , Wang Wei , Yan Shigui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Accumulating evidence implicates parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the development of osteoporosis. However, the causal effect of PTH on bone mineral density (BMD) remains unclear. Thus, this study is aimed at exploring the association between the concentrations of serum PTH and BMD.

Methods
The instrumental variables for PTH were selected from a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS; n = 29 155). Outcomes included BMD of the forearm (FA; n = 8143), femoral neck (FN; n = 33 297), lumbar spine (LS; n = 32 735), heel (HL; n = 394 929), and risk of fractures in these bones (n = 361 194). Furthermore, the BMD of 5 different age groups: 15 years or younger (n = 11 807), 15–30 (n = 4180), 30–45 (n = 10 062), 45–60 (n = 18 805), and 60 years or older (n = 22 504) were extracted from a GWAS meta-analysis study. The analyses were performed using the 2-sample Mendelian randomization method.

Results
Mendelian randomization analysis revealed that the level of serum PTH was inversely associated with BMD of FA (95% CI: -0.763 to -0.016), FN (95% CI: -0.669 to -0.304), and LS (95% CI: -0.667 to -0.243). A causal relationship between serum PTH levels and BMD was observed in individuals aged 30–45 (95% CI: -0.888 to -0.166), 45–60 (95% CI: -0.758 to -0.232), and over 60 years (95% CI: -0.649 to -0.163).

Main Conclusions
This study demonstrated that the concentrations of serum PTH is inversely associated with BMD of several bones. Further analysis revealed site- and age-specific correlations between serum PTH levels and BMD, which implies that the levels of serum PTH contribute to the development of osteoporosis.
Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue in Adolescents and Young Adults with Obesity
Authors: Bredella Miriam A , Singhal Vibha , Hazhir Karzar Nazanin , Animashaun Abisayo , Bose Amita , Stanford Fatima C , Carmine Brian , Misra Madhusmita 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
Sleeve gastrectomy (SG), the most common metabolic and bariatric surgery in adolescents, is associated with bone loss. Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) is a dynamic endocrine organ that responds to changes in nutrition and might serve as a novel biomarker for bone health. Two types of MAT have been described, which differ in anatomic location—proximal regulated MAT vs distal constitutive MAT.

Objective
To determine the effects of SG on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and MAT in adolescents with obesity. We hypothesized that SG would lead to a decrease in vBMD and differential changes in MAT.

Design
12-month prospective study in 52 adolescents with moderate-to-severe obesity (38 female; mean age:17.5 ± 2.2 years; mean BMI 45.2 ± 7.0 kg/m2), comprising 26 subjects before and after SG and 26 nonsurgical controls.

Main Outcome Measures
Lumbar vBMD by quantitative computed tomography; MAT of the lumbar spine, femur and tibia by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; abdominal fat and thigh muscle by magnetic resonance imaging.

Results
Adolescents lost 34.1 ± 13.1 kg after SG vs 0.3 ± 8.4 kg in the control group (P &lt; 0.001). Lumbar vBMD decreased in the SG group (P = 0.04) and this change was associated with a reduction in weight and muscle area (P &lt; 0.05) and an increase in lumbar MAT (P = 0.0002). MAT of the femur and tibia decreased after SG vs controls (P &lt; 0.05); however, the differences were no longer significant after controlling for change in weight.

Conclusion
SG in adolescents decreased lumbar vBMD associated with an increase in lumbar MAT and decrease in extremity MAT. This demonstrates differential changes of regulated MAT in the lumbar spine and constitutive MAT in the distal skeleton in adolescents in response to SG.
Heparin Anti-Xa Activity, a Readily Available Unique Test to Quantify Apixaban, Rivaroxaban, Fondaparinux, and Danaparoid Levels
Authors: Boissier Elodie , Senage Thomas , Babuty Antoine , Gouin-Thibault Isabelle , Rozec Bertrand , Roussel Jean-Christian , Sigaud Marianne , Ternisien Catherine , Trossaert Marc , Fouassier Marc , Lakhal Karim 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:
Despite their usefulness in perioperative and acute care settings, factor-Xa inhibitor-specific assays are scarcely available, contrary to heparin anti-Xa assay. We assessed whether the heparin anti-Xa assay can (1) be used as a screening test to rule out apixaban, rivaroxaban, fondaparinux, and danaparoid levels that contraindicate invasive procedures according to current guidelines (>30 ng·mL−1, >30 ng·mL−1, >0.1 µg·mL−1, and >0.1 IU·mL−1, respectively), (2) quantify the anticoagulant level if found significant, that is, if it exceeded the abovementioned threshold.

METHODS:
In the derivation cohort then in the validation cohort, via receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, we evaluated the ability of heparin anti-Xa assay to detect levels of factor-Xa inhibitors above or below the abovementioned safety thresholds recommended for an invasive procedure (screening test). Among samples with relevant levels of factor-Xa inhibitor, we determined the conversion factor linking the measured level and heparin anti-Xa activity in a derivation cohort. In a validation cohort, the estimated level of each factor-Xa inhibitor was thus inferred from heparin anti-Xa activity. The agreement between measured and estimated levels of factor-Xa inhibitors was assessed.

RESULTS:
Among 989 (355 patients) and 756 blood samples (420 patients) in the derivation and validation cohort, there was a strong linear relationship between heparin anti-Xa activities and factor-Xa inhibitors measured level (r = 0.99 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.99–0.99]). In the derivation cohort, heparin anti-Xa activity ≤0.2, ≤0.3, <0.1, <0.1 IU·mL−1 reliably ruled out a relevant level of apixaban, rivaroxaban, fondaparinux, and danaparoid, respectively (area under the ROC curve ≥0.99). In the validation cohort, these cutoffs yielded excellent classification accuracy (≥96%). If this screening test indicated relevant level of factor-Xa inhibitor, estimated and measured levels closely agreed (Lin’s correlation coefficient close to its maximal value: 95% CI, 0.99–0.99). More than 96% of the estimated levels fell into the predefined range of acceptability (ie, 80%–120% of the measured level).

CONCLUSIONS:
A unique simple test already widely used to assay heparin was also useful for quantifying these 4 other anticoagulants. Both clinical and economic impacts of these findings should be assessed in a specific study.
An Observational Study of the Pharmacokinetics of Surgeon-Performed Intercostal Nerve Blockade With Liposomal Bupivacaine for Posterior-Lateral Thoracotomy Analgesia
Authors: Manson William C. , Blank Randal S. , Martin Linda W. , Alpert Salome B. , Dobrzanski Tomasz P. , Schneider Eric B. , Ratcliffe Sarah J. , Durieux Marcel E. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:
Intercostal nerve blocks with liposomal bupivacaine are commonly used for thoracic surgery pain management. However, dose scheduling is difficult because the pharmacokinetics of a single-dose intercostal injection of liposomal bupivacaine has never been investigated. The primary aim of this study was to assess the median time to peak plasma concentration (T
max) following a surgeon-administered, single-dose infiltration of 266 mg of liposomal bupivacaine as a posterior multilevel intercostal nerve block in patients undergoing posterolateral thoracotomy.

METHODS:
We chose a sample size of 15 adults for this prospective observational study. Intercostal injection of liposomal bupivacaine was considered time 0. Serum samples were taken at the following times: 5, 15, and 30 minutes, and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. The presence of sensory blockade, rescue pain medication, and pain level were recorded after the patient was able to answer questions.

RESULTS:
Forty patients were screened, and 15 patients were enrolled in the study. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) T
max was 24 (12) hours (confidence interval [CI], 19.5–28.5 hours) with a range of 15 minutes to 48 hours. The median (IQR) peak plasma concentration (C
max) was 0.6 (0.3) μg/mL (CI, 00.45–0.74 μg/mL) in a range of 0.3–1.2. The serum bupivacaine concentration was undetectable (<0.2 μg/mL) at 96 hours in all patients. There was significant variability in reported pain scores and rescue opioid medication across the 15 patients. More than 50% of patients had return of normal chest wall sensation at 48 hours. All patients had resolution of nerve blockade at 96 hours. No patients developed local anesthetic toxicity.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study of the pharmacokinetics of liposomal bupivacaine following multilevel intercostal nerve blockade demonstrates significant variability and delay in systemic absorption of the drug. Peak serum concentration occurred at 48 hours or sooner in all patients. The serum bupivacaine concentration always remained well below the described toxicity threshold (2 μg/mL) during the 96-hour study period.
Factors Associated With Postadenotonsillectomy Unexpected Admissions in Children
Authors: Subramanyam Rajeev , Willging Paul , Ding Lili , Yang Gang , Varughese Anna 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:
Postadenotonsillectomy unexpected admission remains an important challenge. Unexpected admissions can be quite frightening, increase health care burden, and cause unnecessary suffering in children and families. Identifying factors associated with postadenotonsillectomy unexpected admissions using a pragmatic approach could lead to a shift in the assessment and management of children presenting for adenotonsillectomy.

METHODS:
Institutional review board (IRB) approval, consent, and assent were obtained for this single-center, prospective, observational study done in children aged 0–17 years undergoing tonsillectomy. Data were collected from direct observation, electronic medical record, and phone calls using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database. Incidence, causes, and factors associated with 3-week and 3-day postadenotonsillectomy unexpected admissions were analyzed.

RESULTS:
The study included 2375 children. Clinical intraoperative adverse events were reported in 6.2%. Three-week and 3-day unexpected admissions occurred in 7.9% and 5.9%, respectively, with bleeding being the commonest reason for both. On multivariable analysis, for 3-week unexpected admissions, the odds ratio was 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.45–1.69) with using preoperative medications, 1.4 (1.02–1.97) with home medications for comorbidities, 0.56 (0.34–0.90) with using intraoperative acetaminophen, and 0.60 (0.36–0.94) with otolaryngologic preoperative comorbidity versus otherwise. For 3-day unexpected admissions, the odds ratio was 1.10 (1.05–1.16) with 1 U increase in total comorbidities, 1.70 (1.03–2.81) with the presence of recent upper respiratory infection, and 1.83 (1.16–2.90) with intravenous versus inhalational anesthesia induction.

CONCLUSIONS:
Overall, our study shows the factors that contribute to unexpected admissions postadenotonsillectomy. Identification of both modifiable and nonmodifiable factors associated with unexpected admissions after adenotonsillectomy will enable appropriate risk mitigation.
ПОНИМАНИЕ И ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ КАК ЭТАПЫ ПРОЦЕССА ПЕРЕВОДА ПОЭТИЧЕСКОГО ТЕКСТА
Authors: Pavlenko Alexander Igorevich 
Published: August 2020

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной в рамках современной антропоцентрической парадигмы в лингвистике проблеме понимания переводчиком текста оригинала произведения, в частности поэтического. Предметом анализа выступают понимание и интерпретация, рассматриваемые как компоненты процесса перевода и как его результат. Автор ставит целью произвести терминологическое разграничение вышеупомянутых понятий; выделить этапы переводческого процесса с учётом данного разграничения; сформулировать основы адекватного понимания и интерпретации поэтического произведения.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют общенаучные методы анализа и синтеза. Метод анализа применён с целью выделения видов понимания, на основе чего синтезирована модель трёхфазного процесса перевода.Результаты. Автор указывает на возможность рассмотрения понимания в переводоведении как процесса выделения смыслов произведения и как результата умственного восприятия текста. Интерпретация определяется как один из типов понимания, в ходе которого происходит «пересечение двух автономных кругозоров» отправителя и получателя. На основе данных положений понимание и интерпретация выделяются в качестве первого и второго этапа трёхфазного процесса перевода. В качестве основ адекватного понимания и интерпретации поэтического текста определяются: учёт переводчиком эмоционального аспекта в ходе прочтения произведения и стремление к объективности; анализ произведения в контексте как прошлого, так и настоящего; учёт индивидуально-личностных особенностей автора; рассмотрение произведения в рамках всего творчества его создателя; осуществление лексико-семантического анализа произведения.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере теории и практики художественного перевода, в ходе анализа поэтического текста.
Observation-Based Modeling of O3–Precursor Relationships in Nanjing, China
Authors: Li Lin , Li Jingyi , Qin Momei , Sheng Li , Hu Jianlin 
Published: August 2020

Surface ozone (O3) is formed through a series of photochemical reactions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere. In recent years, ozone concentrations in Nanjing have been increasing. To effectively mitigate ozone pollution, it is essential to understand the relationship between O3 and its precursors. In this study, the observation-based model (OBM) coupled with the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM), was applied to investigate the O3-NOx-VOCs relationship in the Nanjing Metropolitan Area of China in summer 2015. The OBM model well reproduces the levels and diurnal variations of O3 with a high index of agreement value. Analysis of ozone formation potential (OFP) indicates that although observed alkanes are the most abundant VOCs (46.8%), their contributions to OFP are relatively small due to lower maximum incremental reactivity (MIR). Aromatics contribute the most to OFP (61.6%), followed by alkenes (18%). These two groups dominate in the top ten VOCs of OFP. In particular, m/p-Xylene shows a significant contribution to OFP with the highest OFP value over 30 µg/m3. The relative incremental reactivity (RIR) results demonstrate that the reduction of anthropogenic VOCs (AVOCs) is the most efficient way to mitigate local O3 pollution in Nanjing. Specifically, m/p-Xylene emissions should be reduced at it shows the highest RIR among all the AVOCs. Based on the results of OBM, a cutting ratio of AVOCs to NOx of more than 0.46 is proposed to implement efficient control measurements in Nanjing for the study period.
Full-Stokes imaging polarimetry based on a metallic metasurface
Authors: Cheng Bo , Zou Yuxiao , Shao Hanxiao , Li Tong , Song Guofeng 
Published: August 2020

We use a single-layer thick metallic metasurface to design the 0-,45- and 90-degree polarizers with transmission efficiencies exceeding 95% based on the bright electric dipole resonance and dark magnetic dipole resonance. In addition, we utilize a bilayer metallic metasurface (forming an efficient Fabry-Perot resonator) to propose a circularly polarizing dichroism waveplate (CPDW). The circular polarization dichroism (CPD = I
RCP
− I
LCP
.) in the transmission mode at 1.6 µm wavelength reaches 89% and the extinction ratio (ER = I
RCP
/I
LCP
) is 830:1. These four polarizing elements are integrated to form a full Stokes pixel that almost accurately measures arbitrary polarized light at λ0 = 1.6 µm (including elliptically polarized light).
Comparing Physical Fitness in Career vs. Volunteer Firefighters
Authors: Morris Cody E. , Arnett Scott W. , Winchester Lee J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Morris, CE, Arnett, SW, and Winchester, LJ. Comparing physical fitness in career vs. volunteer firefighters. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1304–1309, 2022—The purpose of this study was to assess the potential similarities and differences in health and physical fitness profiles between career firefighters (CFF) and volunteer firefighters (VFF). The research protocol consisted of a health and physical fitness assessment, testing the 5 components of health-related fitness using previously published and accepted protocols. The subject population consisted of a total of 138 firefighters, including 119 CFF and 19 VFF. Statistical significance was defined as a p level less than 0.05. An independent t test showed evidence of CFF having a significantly higher value/score for the following variables: height (p = 0.034), V̇o
2max (p = 0.006), push-ups completed (p = 0.024), and plank time (p < 0.001). Volunteer firefighters had a significantly higher value for the following variables: fat mass (p = 0.002), body fat percentage (p < 0.001), and absolute grip strength (p = 0.029). There were no significant differences between groups for the following variables: age (p = 0.299), body mass (p = 0.166), fat-free mass (p = 0.281), body mass index (p = 0.057), flexibility (p = 0.106), or relative grip strength (p = 0.887). With regard to physical fitness testing, the VFF had a significantly worse fitness profile across a number of variables than the CFF. Practical applications: Despite the financial and commitment status of volunteer firefighting departments, their members perform an equally dangerous and important job as do firefighters of professional/career firefighting departments, and more attention should be directed toward developing the fitness and performance of these firefighters.
Comparison of Cross-Education and Global Training Effects in Adults and Youth After Unilateral Strength Training
Authors: Chaouachi Anis , Ben Othman Aymen , Chaouachi Mehdi , Hechmi Abderraouf , Farthing Jonathan P. , Granacher Urs , Behm David G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Chaouachi, A, Ben Othman, A, Chaouachi, M, Hechmi, A, Farthing, JP, Granacher, U, and Behm, DG. Comparison of cross-education and global training effects in adults and youth after unilateral strength training. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2121–2131, 2022—Youth strength training research examining contralateral, homologous (cross-education), and heterologous (global training) effects after unilateral training have provided mixed results and the relationship to adults has not been compared. The objective was to compare adult and youth cross-education and global training effects on dominant and nondominant limb testing. Initially, 15 men and 15 prepubertal boys volunteered for each unilateral chest press (CP), handgrip training, and control groups (n = 89). Individuals trained their dominant limb 3 times per week for 8 weeks and had their dominant and nondominant limbs tested for CP and leg press 1 repetition maximum (1RM), handgrip, knee extension and flexion, and elbow extension and flexion maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs). Adult CP training gains were significantly greater than youth with lower-body testing (p = 0.002–0.06), whereas youth CP training gains exceeded adults with upper-body tests (p = 0.03–0.07). Training specificity was evident with greater CP 1RM increases with CP vs. handgrip training for both youth (p < 0.0001) and adults (p < 0.0001). Handgrip training elicited greater gains in handgrip MVICs compared with other strength tests (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, only contralateral CP 1RM showed a training advantage for unilateral CP over unilateral handgrip training. Adults showed greater gains with lower-body testing, whereas youth showed greater gains with upper-body testing.
Development of a Multifunctional Triaxial System for Unsaturated Soils: Addition of Permeameter Function
Authors: Wang Hailong , Tian Jaylord U. Tan , Koseki Junichi , Sato Takeshi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The details of a multifunctional triaxial system developed for unsaturated soils over the past ten years at The University of Tokyo are described. This study first briefly reviewed three functions of the triaxial system developed for the undrained cyclic loading test to evaluate liquefaction properties of unsaturated soils. In the triaxial system, accurate measurement of volumetric deformation was achieved with a linkage double cell system, application of the membrane filter technique gave prompt measurements of matric suction, and a p-constant control system well maintained a constant condition of total mean principal stress p. The article later described a newly developed permeameter function of which delicately designed local pin sensors (LPSs) and inflow/outflow measurement devices were introduced to the triaxial system for measurement of coefficient of permeability of unsaturated sandy specimens. The permeameter maintained constant water levels at inflow and outflow ends, and the flow rates were monitored by sensors. LPSs, as local sensors to directly measure water head difference, were manufactured with the membrane filter technique, a technique to measure or control suction. Typical permeability test results on saturated and unsaturated specimens were presented. For unsaturated specimens, constant hydraulic heads were supplied, and the same inflow and outflow rates were achieved. Meanwhile, local pore water pressures measured by LPSs well reflected specimen conditions. It was verified from this and past studies that the permeameter system can be applied to unsaturated specimens with coefficient of permeability in a range of 10−5 to 10−8 m/s.