bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Des droits de Dieu aux droits de l’homme en droit musulman
Authors: Charnay Jean-Paul 
Published: January 2020

L’article se propose de confronter les conceptions islamique et occidentale des droits de l’homme. En Islam, les droits de l’homme apparaissent rarement comme absolus. Traditionnellement, ils dépendent, de par leur fondement, de la révélation divine consignée dans le Coran ; dans leur exercice, ils doivent s’articuler avec les droits de Dieu. Du point de vue sociologique, ils sont donc fonction du maintien et de l’expansion de la communauté musulmane. La colonisation accentua, pour les pays islamiques, les contradictions inhérentes aux contenus et aux buts des droits de l’homme. Alors que la plupart des constitution des, pays islamiques ont intégré les principes occidentaux des droits de l’homme – chaque pays accentuant leur version socialiste ou libérale en fonction du régime socio-économique proclamé – n’en demeure pas moins vivace une légitimité islamique liée à des formes de différenciation, mais aussi de solidarité, plus traditionnelles.
Effect of Gibberellic Acid Treatment on Seed Germination of Kantakari (Solanum virginianum L.)
Authors: Nirawane Rekha B , Gurav Arun M , Murthy Soma N , Goli Penchala P , Mangal Anupam K , Srikanth Narayanam 
Published: January 2020

Aim:

Solanum virginianum L., an important medicinal plant used in Dashmoolarishtha, belongs to the Laghoopanchamoola group. It is also used in various Ayurvedic formulations. It is reported as rare and endangered species in some parts of India. To fulfil the raw drug demand of the market, it is necessary to increase its production on a large scale.

Materials and methods:
Mature plants were collected, identified, authenticated and herbarium specimens preserved in herbarium section of the institute. Mature seeds were subjected to various treatments like hot water, sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3).

Result:
Data obtained from the experiments indicated that the pre-sowing treatment with GA3 was effective in breaking seed dormancy as compared to the treatments with hot water and conc. sulfuric acid.

Conclusion:
Seed germination of S. virginianum L. could be achieved irrespective of the season by treating seeds with GA3.
Impact of Non-Governmental Organisation in Poverty Alleviation-A Case of Zabzugu Tatale in the North of Ghana
Authors: Saddiqque Abubakar , Chen Yinghua , Plahar Robert Teye 
Published: January 2020

Ever since Ghana had its independence in 1957, its economy has seen steady economic growth, rapid expansion of small-scale agriculture and impressive development of a variety of social services. Fine, B., and Rose,P. (2001) That notwithstanding it needs to be said that there is a wide income disparities and wealth distribution resulting in extensive poverty and general malnutrition in mostly the rural communities. Following independence from the British, there has been a wide spread of NGO activity like wildfire. Chowdhury, A.F. and Rose, P. (2014).Many NGO's were already present in the country, as well as steady growth of both nationwide and more locally- based indigenous NGO's. Around the early 1980's there was a change from welfare to a more development-oriented form of NGO intervention in the country which centered around groups and usually aimed directly or indirectly at alleviating the local people from the poor state in which they found themselves. Massive awareness creation formed a major composition of an increasing number of NGO intervention .With all this developments little is still known about the overall impact NGO have on the topic of poverty and also very few details of certain projects have been made known to the public as most of the NGO's are not accountable to any major body as in the case of certain big multinational corporation that are answerable to their shareholders. Jones, P. (2011). The major part of this Working Paper reports on the evaluation of four rural NGO interventions aimed, broadly, at poverty-alleviation, and undertaken during 1990. This case study throws more light on the fact that with all these interventions that were brought as a way of changing the life of people, there is still room for improvement even till this day in the 21st century dispensation. It needs to be noted that just recently the Zabzugu-tatale district was a beneficiary of such alleviation programs formed by the UNICEF which was themed integrated community development fund. Zabzugu-tatale is a district in the north region of Ghana and for the purpose of this academic research it has been chosen and findings would better help us understand the impact NGO's actually have in these communities. Hossain, N., Subrahmanian, R., and Kabeer, N. (2012).
Studying at UCL Institute of Archaeology: Past and
Present
Authors: Frearson Charlotte , French Jennifer C. 
Published: January 2020

Ranked in the top five in the UK for archaeology (no. 2 in 2019), for the
13th year in a row, in The Guardian University
Guide League Tables.
Ranked in the top ten for student satisfaction in The Complete University
Guide 2019 League Table of UK archaeology departments (published in
May 2019).
Twitter: @UCLarchaeology

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/UCLArchaeology

Instagram: uclarchaeology
Induction and Synchronization of Estrus
Authors: Pal Prasanna , Rayees Dar Mohammad 
Published: January 2020

Estrus cycle is a rhythmic change that occur in the reproductive system of females starting from one estrus phase to another. The normal duration of estrus cycle is 21 days in cow, sow, and mare, 17 days in ewe, and 20 days in doe. The species which exhibit a single estrus cycle are known as monstrous and species which come into estrus twice or more are termed polyestrous animals. Among them some species have estrus cycles in a particular season and defined as seasonal polyestrous. It includes goats, sheep, and horses. On the other hand, cattle undergo estrus throughout the year. The estrus inducers can grossly be divided into two parts, that is, non-hormonal and hormonal. Non-hormonal treatments include plant-derived heat inducers, mineral supplementation, uterine and ovarian massage, and use of Lugol’s iodine. The hormones that are used in estrus induction are estrogen, progesterone, GnRH, prostaglandin, insulin, and anti-prolactin-based treatment. Synchronization can shorten the breeding period to less than 5 days, instead of females being bred over a 21-day period, depending on the treatment regimen. The combination of GnRH with the prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)- and progesterone-based synchronization program has shown a novel direction in the estrus synchronization of cattle with the follicular development manipulation.
Evaluación del riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes afectados con tuberculosis
Authors: Velasco Yánez Jonathan Romel , Cunalema Fernandez Jesus Alberto , Basurto Ivana M. , Eguiguren Chavez Melba , Lozano Milka M. 
Published: January 2020

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus y la tuberculosis son problemas de salud emergentes a nivel mundial, su incidencia anual cada vez es mayor pese a todos los esfuerzos que se hacen por mitigarlas y su asociación podría ser un futuro problema de salud a enfrentar. A través de los años, diferentes investigaciones han demostrado que la Diabetes mellitus incrementa el riesgo de contraer tuberculosis entre 2 y 4 veces, es decir, es un factor predisponente pero no existen investigaciones que definan este riesgo de forma inversa. Objetivo: Determinar el riesgo de desarrollar DM2 en pacientes afectados con tuberculosis.Material y método: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, la población fueron 60 usuarios que asisten a tomar el tratamiento antifímico en 4 unidades operativas del Distrito de Salud 09D04, zona 8 a quienes se les aplico el test de Findrisc. Resultados: El género masculino presenta un mayor riesgo de desarrollar DM2 junto con el grupo etario de <45 años y 45 – 54 años, de forma general el 48% tienen un nivel de riesgo bajo. Conclusión: La población de pacientes afectados con tuberculosis, aunque presentan niveles de riesgo bajo, este se encuentra presente y es necesario tomar medidas para mitigar este riesgo y prevenir comorbilidades.
Introduction: The diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis are emergent health problems around the world its impact has been growing and growing every year even though health professionals do their best effort to eradicate them and these diseases mutations could be a real health problem to fight against in the future. Through the years, different researches have demostrate that Diabetes mellitus increase the risk of getting sick of tuberculosis 2 and 4 times more frequently, it means it is a predisposing factor, but there are not researches that define this risk in a backward effect. Target: Establish risks of developing Diabetes Mellitus type 2 in patients affected by tuberculosis. Material and Method: A Quantitative, descriptive and transversal study was done, the statistical population was 60 users that take antifimic treatment in 4 Health Centers of District 09D04, zone 8. These users were tested through Findrisc Test. Results: Male patients have more risk of developing Diabetes Mellitus type 2 at the age below 45 years old and between 45 and 54 years old, in general form 48% of patients have a low level risk. Conclusion: The population of patients affected by tuberculosis has a low risk level and it is necessary take actions to mitigate this risk and prevent comorbidity.
Editorial
Authors: Strom Katie , Ringrose Jessica , Osgood Jayne , Renold Emma 
Published: January 2020

This Special Issue offers PhEmaterialisms as a way to explore the world asvital and complex, while simultaneously being response-able to the multiple ethical imperatives of late-stage capitalism. We argue that PhEmaterialist thinking and practices can help us grapple with growing educational complexities, enabling strategies toresist and create alternatives to the patterns of injustice occurring across the world, from burgeoning ethno-nationalist and neo-fascist political movements, to rising global poverty levels, to massive population displacements, to environmental degradation, to toxic internet movements grounded in misogyny, homophobia, transphobia, and xenophobia (Strom & Martin, 2017a). To understand, enquire into, and generate action worthy of the complexity of our times requires a fundamental shift in our thinking and research practice. This shift disrupts the foundational logic on which dominant thinking in education (and indeed, all Western society) is based—humanism and anthropocentrism (Braidotti, 2013; Murris, 2016; Snaza et al, 2014). Instead, we argue that we need to put theories/concepts to work in education and educational research which can better account for the multiple, entangled, ever-shifting, difference-rich nature of processes of teaching, learning, schooling, and activism. For this work, we also draw on a rich feminist legacy attentive to unequal power relations (e.g., Ahmed, 1998; Anzaldua, 1999; hooks, 1994; Spivak, 1978), and our critical approach to rethinking Vitruvian “man” is especially informed by posthuman/new materialist feminist thinkings and thinkers, including Rosi Braidotti, Donna Haraway, and Karen Barad.
Losing my Religion: Bodily Confessions of an Organism Trying to Make a Body without Organs
Authors: Nordstrom Susan Naomi 
Published: January 2020

This article is a script of a performance at the 2018 PhEmaterialism conference in London, UK. In this script, I offer a series of bodily confessions, experimental tales of making a Body without Organs (Deleuze & Guattari, 1987) on the neoliberal academic stratum. Each tale moves between the stratifying forces of the neoliberal academy that seek to organize my organism and experimentations that seek to produce different and more freeing organizations for my organs. Each tale talks back to the priests of the neoliberal academy by telling what happens to an organism, my organism-my body, as I try to make a Body without Organs.
To situate the script, I provide a lengthy appendix that details narrative reflexivity (Spry, 2011) decisions about the script and performance. Like any performance piece, the piece is to be viewed, heard, and experienced, rather than read. Performance pieces are not and should not be read as typical journal articles. They are their own genre of writing that eschews traditional notions of writing. With this in mind, this appendix provides narrative reflexivity about the performance (Spry, 2011) for readers who may need it.
Contraceptive Use among Senior Secondary School Students in Abakaliki Metropolis, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Ossai Edmund Ndudi , Eze Irene Ifeyinwa , Elechi Chinwe Angela , Elohi Eyiuche Anulika , Umeobieri Ancilla Kate 
Published: January 2020

Aims: To determine the use of contraceptives among senior secondary school students in Abakaliki metropolis, Ebonyi State.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study design was used.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in public secondary schools in Abakaliki metropolis, Ebonyi Nigeria, for a duration of six months
Methodology: A two-stage sampling method was used to select 400 students from 6 out of 18 public secondary schools in Abakaliki metropolis. Information was obtained using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Chi square test and multivariate logistic regression were used in the analysis and level of statistical significance was determined by p value of <0.05.
Results: The mean age of respondents was 17.4±2.3 years and majority (51.5%) were females. More than one fifth (21.5%) have been exposed to sexual intercourse. Majority of the respondents (61.8%) were aware of contraceptives. The major sources of information were school lessons (46.0%) and health workers (40.8%). The contraceptives mostly known included male condom (42.0%), female condom (22.3%) and natural methods (15.3%). Out of the 400 respondents, a small proportion (8.5%) have ever used any method of contraception, and the male condom, was the most used method (82%). Logistic regression showed predictors of contraceptive use to include being <18 years (AOR=0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-0.9), being male (AOR=6.0, 95% CI: 2.0-17.7) and being in senior secondary three class (AOR=0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.6).
Conclusion: Only a small proportion of the respondents who were sexually active used any method of contraception. With school lectures as the main source of information on contraception, there is need for more comprehensive sexuality education to be included in the school curriculum.
Circulating ceramide ratios and risk of vascular brain aging and dementia
Authors: McGrath Emer R. , Himali Jayandra J. , Xanthakis Vanessa , Duncan Meredith S. , Schaffer Jean E. , Ory Daniel S. , Peterson Linda R. , DeCarli Charles , Pase Matthew P. , Satizabal Claudia L. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Beiser Alexa S. , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe determined the association between ratios of plasma ceramide species of differing fatty‐acyl chain lengths and incident dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia in a large, community‐based sample.MethodsWe measured plasma ceramide levels in 1892 [54% women, mean age 70.1 (SD 6.9) yr.] dementia‐free Framingham Offspring Study cohort participants between 2005 and 2008. We related ratios of very long‐chain (C24:0, C22:0) to long‐chain (C16:0) ceramides to subsequent risk of incident dementia and AD dementia. Structural MRI brain measures were included as secondary outcomes.ResultsDuring a median 6.5 year follow‐up, 81 participants developed dementia, of whom 60 were diagnosed with AD dementia. In multivariable Cox‐proportional hazards analyses, each standard deviation (SD) increment in the ratio of ceramides C24:0/C16:0 was associated with a 27% reduction in the risk of dementia (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.56–0.96) and AD dementia (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.53–1.00). The ratio of ceramides C22:0/C16:0 was also inversely associated with incident dementia (HR per SD 0.75, 95% CI 0.57–0.98), and approached statistical significance for AD (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.53–1.01, P = 0.056). Higher ratios of ceramides C24:0/C16:0 and C22:0/C16:0 were also cross‐sectionally associated with lower white matter hyperintensity burden on MRI (−0.05 ± 0.02, P = 0.02; −0.06 ± 0.02, P = 0.003; respectively per SD increase), but not with other MRI brain measures.ConclusionsHigher plasma ratios of very long‐chain to long‐chain ceramides are associated with a reduced risk of incident dementia and AD dementia in our community‐based sample. Circulating ceramide ratios may serve as potential biomarkers for predicting dementia risk in cognitively healthy adults.
Large Area Self‐Assembled Ultrathin Polyimine Nanofilms Formed at the Liquid–Liquid Interface Used for Molecular Separation
Authors: Tiwari Karishma , Sarkar Pulak , Modak Solagna , Singh Harwinder , Pramanik Sumit Kumar , Karan Santanu , Das Amitava 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeparation membranes with higher molecular weight cut‐offs are needed to separate ions and small molecules from a mixed feed. The molecular sieving phenomenon can be utilized to separate smaller species with well‐defined dimensions from a mixture. Here, the formation of freestanding polyimine nanofilms with thicknesses down to ≈14 nm synthesized via self‐assembly of pre‐synthesized imine oligomers is reported. Nanofilms are fabricated at the water–xylene interface followed by reversible condensation of polymerization according to the Pieranski theory. Polyimine nanofilm composite membranes are made via transferring the freestanding nanofilm onto ultrafiltration supports. High water permeance of 49.5 L m‐2 h−1 bar−1 is achieved with a complete rejection of brilliant blue‐R (BBR; molecular weight = 825 g mol−1) and no more than 10% rejection of monovalent and divalent salts. However, for a mixed feed of BBR dye and monovalent salt, the salt rejection is increased to ≈18%. Membranes are also capable of separating small dyes (e.g., methyl orange; MO; molecular weight = 327 g mol−1) from a mixed feed of BBR and MO. Considering a thickness of ≈14 nm and its separation efficiency, the present membrane has significance in separation processes.
Ultrafast Electrochemical Synthesis of Defect‐Free In2Se3 Flakes for Large‐Area Optoelectronics
Authors: Shi Huanhuan , Li Mengmeng , Shaygan Nia Ali , Wang Mingchao , Park SangWook , Zhang Zhen , Lohe Martin R. , Yang Sheng , Feng Xinliang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBecause of its thickness‐dependent direct bandgap and exceptional optoelectronic properties, indium(III) selenide (In2Se3) has emerged as an important semiconductor for electronics and optoelectronics. However, the scalable synthesis of defect‐free In2Se3 flakes remains a significant barrier for its practical applications. Here, a facile electrochemical strategy is presented for the ultrafast delamination of bulk layered In2Se3 crystals in nonaqueous media, resulting in high‐yield (83%) production of defect‐free In2Se3 flakes with large lateral size (up to 26 µm). The intercalation of tetrahexylammonium (THA+) ions mainly creates stage‐3 intercalated compounds in which every three layers of In2Se3 are occupied by one layer of THA molecules. The subsequent exfoliation leads to a majority of trilayer In2Se3 nanosheets. As a proof of concept, solution‐processed, large‐area (400 µm × 20 µm) thin‐film photodetectors embedded with the exfoliated In2Se3 flakes reveal ultrafast response time with a rise and decay of 41 and 39 ms, respectively, and efficient responsivity (1 mA W−1). Such performance surpasses most of the state‐of‐the‐art thin‐film photodetectors based on transition metal dichalcogenides.
Cutting management of alfalfa‐based mixtures in contrasting agroclimatic regions
Authors: Bélanger Gilles , Tremblay Gaëtan F. , Seguin Philippe , Lajeunesse Julie , Bittman Shabtai , Hunt Derek 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCutting schedules affect forage yield, nutritive value, and persistence but few studies have recently assessed the effect of intensive cutting schedules on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)‐based mixtures. We determined the effects of (a) cutting at early bud vs. early bloom of alfalfa, (b) a fall cut, (c) alfalfa–grass mixture vs. pure alfalfa, (d) one vs. two grasses, and (e) tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinacea [Schreb.] Dumort.) vs. timothy (Phleum pratense L.) in an experiment over four post‐seeding years at four sites with four cutting schedules on four alfalfa‐based mixtures. Cutting alfalfa at early bud rather than early bloom reduced annual forage dry matter (DM) yield by 2.03 Mg ha−1 and alfalfa contribution to DM yield by 17 percentage units, increased forage total digestible nutrient (TDN) concentration by 44 g kg−1 DM but did not increase estimated annual milk production per hectare. A fall cut did not improve annual forage DM yield and estimated annual milk production per hectare but reduced alfalfa contribution to DM yield. Pure alfalfa resulted in 1.09 Mg DM ha−1 less annual forage DM yield than alfalfa grown with one or two grasses. Two forage grasses with alfalfa compared with just one grass had no effect on forage DM yield and estimated annual milk production per hectare. The response of forage DM yield and estimated annual milk production per hectare to timothy or tall fescue with alfalfa varied with site but forage TDN concentration and alfalfa contribution to DM yield were generally greater with timothy than tall fescue.
Amphiphilic Polyphenylene Dendron Conjugates for Surface Remodeling of Adenovirus 5
Authors: Wagner Jessica , Li Longjie , Simon Johanna , Krutzke Lea , Landfester Katharina , Mailänder Volker , Müllen Klaus , Ng David Y. W. , Wu Yuzhou , Weil Tanja 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAmphiphilic surface groups play an important role in many biological processes. The synthesis of amphiphilic polyphenylene dendrimer branches (dendrons), providing alternating hydrophilic and lipophilic surface groups and one reactive ethynyl group at the core is reported. The amphiphilic surface groups serve as biorecognition units that bind to the surface of adenovirus 5 (Ad5), which is a common vector in gene therapy. The Ad5/dendron complexes showed high gene transduction efficiencies in coxsackie‐adenovirus receptor (CAR)‐negative cells. Moreover, the dendrons offer incorporation of new functions at the dendron core by in situ post‐modifications, even when bound to the Ad5 surface. Surfaces coated with these dendrons were analyzed for their blood‐protein binding capacity, which is essential to predict their performance in the blood stream. A new platform for introducing bioactive groups to the Ad5 surface without chemically modifying the virus particles is provided.
Monolayer Two‐dimensional Molecular Crystals for an Ultrasensitive OFET‐based Chemical Sensor
Authors: Li Haiyang , Shi Yanjun , Han Guangchao , Liu Jie , Zhang Jing , Li Chunlei , Liu Jie , Yi Yuanping , Li Tao , Gao Xike , Di Chongan , Huang Jia , Che Yanke , Wang Dong , Hu Wenping , Liu Yunqi , Jiang Lang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe sensitivity of conventional thin‐film OFET‐based sensors is limited by the diffusion of analytes through bulk films and remains the central challenge in sensing technology. Now, for the first time, an ultrasensitive (sub‐ppb level) sensor is reported that exploits n‐type monolayer molecular crystals (MMCs) with porous two‐dimensional structures. Thanks to monolayer crystal structure of NDI3HU‐DTYM2 (NDI) and controlled formation of porous structure, a world‐record detection limit of NH3 (0.1 ppb) was achieved. Moreover, the MMC‐OFETs also enabled direct detection of solid analytes of biological amine derivatives, such as dopamine at an extremely low concentration of 500 ppb. The remarkably improved sensing performances of MMC‐OFETs opens up the possibility of engineering OFETs for ultrasensitive (bio)chemical sensing.