bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of bias assessments and reporting quality of systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials examining acupuncture for depression: An overview and meta‐epidemiology study
Authors: Luo Shanxia , Long Youlin , Xiao Wenzhe , Wang Xin , Chen Rui , Guo Qiong , Liu Jia , Shao Ruochen , Du Liang , Chen Min 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the use of risk of bias (ROB) assessment tools and the reporting quality of ROB assessment results in systematic reviews (SRs) of acupuncture for depression, as well as to evaluate the ROB of depression‐related randomized controlled trials (RCT).MethodsEmbase, Medline, Chinese Journal Full‐Text Database (CJFD), VIP Chinese Technology Periodical Database, and WanFang Data Resource System of Digital Periodicals were searched from their inception to 24 November 2017. SRs of RCTs concerning acupuncture on depression were included. General characteristics and the information related to risk of bias in SRs were extracted. A descriptive analysis was used.ResultsThirty‐nine SRs were included. Of these, two (5%) did not perform a ROB assessment, 18.9% did not report the ROB assessment results, and 62.2% did not report the assessment results of each ROB item. Text descriptions and tables were commonly used in reporting forms. Only 32.4% of SRs reported support for judgment. The reporting rate of ROB assessment results was low in all items (13.5%‐35.1%). Regarding RCTs, 59.7% used adequate randomization methods, 13.1% performed adequate allocation concealment, 12.5% performed adequate blinding of participants and personnel, 27.3% performed adequate blinding of the assessment outcomes, and 41.5% and 49.3% had a low ROB in terms of incomplete outcome data and selective outcome reporting, respectively.ConclusionFor the SRs of acupuncture for depression, the selection of ROB assessment tools needs to be optimized. The reporting quality is poor, and the overall ROB of RCTs is high. Therefore, the results may not be reliable.
The osteology of the golden grey mullet Liza aurata (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) including interactive three‐dimensional reconstructions
Authors: Thieme Philipp , Moritz Timo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGrey mullets are remarkably characterized by their overall uniform external morphology. Identifying species as well as positioning the Mugiliformes in a phylogenetic context is rather difficult. Most recently they were placed in the newly erected Ovalentaria, but more detailed relationships to potential sister taxa were not resolved. Studying the internal morphology, especially the osteology, might provide new insights into the evolution of the Mugiliformes as well as help clarify their phylogenetic position within the Ovalentaria. A detailed osteology of the golden grey mullet Liza aurata is presented. The use of cleared and stained specimens allowed for a complete examination of bony and cartilaginous structures, and a 3D reconstruction from a μCT data set provided additional information on the positional relationships of the bones. Following this, the data obtained were compared with different mugilid species, particularly with the flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus. Several differences between these species could be identified, such as the position of the basisphenoid, the shape of the hyomandibular and the composition of the branchial arches. These characters might help in understanding the evolutionary changes happening within the mugiliforms and will provide the basis to study this taxon in detail, finally allowing the reconstruction of the body plan of grey mullets.
Transgene‐mediated skeletal phenotypic variation in zebrafish
Authors: Kimmel Charles B. , Wind Alexander L. , Oliva Whitney , Ahlquist Samuel D. , Walker Charline , Dowd John , Blanco‐Sánchez Bernardo , Titus Tom A. , Batzel Peter , Talbot Jared C. , Postlethwait John H. , Nichols James T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhen considering relationships between genotype and phenotype we frequently ignore the fact that the genome of a typical animal, notably including that of a fish and a human, harbours a huge amount of foreign DNA. Such DNA, in the form of transposable elements, can affect genome function in a major way, and transgene biology needs to be included in our understanding of the genome. Here we examine an unexpected phenotypic effect of the chromosomally integrated transgene fli1a‐F‐hsp70l:Gal4VP16 that serves as a model for transgene function generally. We examine larval fras1 mutant zebrafish (Danio rerio). Gal4VP16 is a potent transcriptional activator that is already well known for toxicity and mediating unusual transcriptional effects. In the presence of the transgene, phenotypes in the neural crest‐derived craniofacial skeleton, notably fusions and shape changes associated with loss of function fras1 mutations, are made more severe, as we quantify by scoring phenotypic penetrance, the fraction of mutants expressing the trait. A very interesting feature is that the enhancements are highly specific for fras1 mutant phenotypes, occurring in the apparent absence of more widespread changes. Except for the features due to the fras1 mutation, the transgene‐bearing larvae appear generally healthy and to be developing normally. The transgene behaves as a genetic partial dominant: a single copy is sufficient for the enhancements, yet, for some traits, two copies may exert a stronger effect. We made new strains bearing independent insertions of the fli1a‐F‐hsp70l:Gal4VP16 transgene in new locations in the genome, and observed increased severities of the same phenotypes as observed for the original insertion. This finding suggests that sequences within the transgene, for example Gal4VP16, are responsible for the enhancements, rather than the effect on neighbouring host sequences (such as an insertional mutation). The specificity and biological action underlying the traits are subjects of considerable interest for further investigation, as we discuss. Our findings show that work with transgenes needs to be undertaken with caution and attention to detail.
A new livebearing fish of the genus Limia (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) from Lake Miragoane, Haiti
Authors: Rodriguez‐Silva Rodet , Weaver Pablo F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLimia islai, a new species of livebearing fish, is described from Lake Miragoane in south‐western Haiti on Hispaniola. The new species has a conspicuous barred pattern consisting of several (4–12) black bars along the body, ray 4p serrae of the gonopodium in males with 10 segments and origin of dorsal fin in females slightly behind the origin of the anal fin. Although the new species colour pattern is similar to that of the humpbacked limia Limia nigrofasciata Regan 1913, L. islai sp. nov. has exclusive morphological features, such as slender body, lack of hump anterior to dorsal fin in males and presence of specific features in the gonopodial suspensory, which allow an unambiguous diagnosis from L. nigrofasciata. L. islai further differs from L. nigrofasciata in reproductive behaviour since L. islai males rely on sneak copulations and gonopodial thrusting, whereas L. nigrofasciata display an elaborate courtship behaviour. The new species is also genetically distinct in both nuclear (Rh, Myh6) and mitochondrial (12S, ND2, D‐loop, Cytb) genes from other species in the genus showing reciprocal monophyly. The description of this new Limia species from Lake Miragoane confirms this lake as an important centre of endemism for the genus, with a total of eight endemic species described so far.
Resistin adipokin in atopic dermatitis patients: A clinical, biochemical, and genetic study
Authors: Farag Azza G. A. , Hammam Mostafa A. , Khaled Hesham N. , Soliman ShimaE , Tayel Nermin Reda , EL‐Shamendy Amira A. , Shehata Wafaa A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAtopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory chronic skin disorder. The etiology of AD is not fully understood. Therefore, we aimed by this study to shed light on the potential role of resistin in an etiopathogenesis of AD through investigation of resistin rs3745367 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and resistin serum levels, and their relation to leukocytic count in a sample of Egyptian patients having atopic dermatitis.MethodsThis case‐control study included 45 patients having AD and 40 controls. SCORAD index was assessed to evaluate the severity of AD. CBC, ELISA, and PCR‐RFLP were performed to detect leukocytic count, resistin serum level, and resistin rs3745367 SNP, respectively.ResultsAtopic dermatitis patients had significant low serum resistin concentrations (P = .036) and a significantly high frequency of leukocytosis (P = .003). Low resistin serum levels were significantly related to AD disease severity (P < .001) and the presence of leukocytosis (P < .001). Resistin rs3745367 GG genotype (P = .030), as well as its G allele (P = .019), was expressively associated with AD development, and both increased the risk of AD by 3‐ and 2‐fold, respectively. Resistin rs3745367 GG genotype was significantly linked to low resistin serum levels (P < .001), AD‐positive family history (P = .015), and the presence of leukocytosis (P < .001).ConclusionsResistin rs3745367 gene polymorphism may contribute to the development of AD. Resistin may have an immune‐modulating active character in the AD etiopathogenesis that could be mediated through its anti‐inflammatory effect. From this piece of work, we may suggest resistin as a new therapy to mitigate the pro‐inflammatory environment found in AD.
Oily sensitive skin: A review of management options
Authors: Hong Ji Yeon , Park Su Jung , Seo Seong Jun , Park Kui Young 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDue to the ever‐increasing demands for the personalized care, people seek for the tailored management according to the accurate identification of their skin type. The Baumann Skin Type Indicator, which was proposed by Leslie Baumann, is composed of four parameters: oily or dry, resistant or sensitive, pigmented or nonpigmented, and wrinkled or tight. Among these, oily sensitive skin experiences significant discomfort and resists ordinary treatment.AimsIn this article, we will review the clinical manifestations, underlying pathogenesis and recommendations on treatment options that may be utilized to help patients with oily sensitive skin.Patients/MethodsLiterature search was conducted using PubMed. The literature concerning Baumann Skin Type Indicator and oily sensitive skin type were considered.ResultsOily sensitive (OS)‐type skin is a complex of oily and sensitive skin that causes significant discomfort and undergoes stubborn resistance to treatments. Sebum dysfunction and hypersensitivity may play a key role in the development of sensitive skin. Considering the pathogenesis of OS‐type skin, treatment should focus on both seborrhea and hypersensitivity.ConclusionClinicians can effectively treat the oily sensitive skin by understanding underlying pathogenesis of it. Further investigations are necessary to reach a consensus on the basic pathophysiology and optimal management guidelines for oily sensitive skin.
Escitalopram for recurrent isolated sleep paralysis
Authors: Hintze Jonathan P. , Gault Dominic 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecurrent isolated sleep paralysis can be very disturbing and provoke anxiety. The majority of patients can be treated conservatively with cognitive and behavioural therapies. However, some patients may benefit from a pharmacologic intervention. With only scant available evidence, there are currently no standardized pharmacologic treatment recommendations for recurrent isolated sleep paralysis. We report the first two cases of escitalopram used to successfully treat recurrent isolated sleep paralysis. Escitalopram, the most selective of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, generally improves subjective sleep quality, making it an appealing treatment option.
Current and future perspectives on the categorization of antimicrobials used in veterinary medicine
Authors: Watts Jeffrey L. , Sweeney Michael T. , Lubbers Brian V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe emergence of antimicrobial resistance in human and veterinary bacterial pathogens has led to concerns regarding the use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine. Consequently, regulatory agencies have developed procedures for assessing the risk associated with the use of a specific antimicrobial as part of the drug approval process. Due consideration for the importance (priority categorization) of the antimicrobial to human medicine is part of this risk assessment process. Additionally, nongovernmental organizations have developed antimicrobial categorization schemes to protect the use and effectiveness of these medicines. However, the goals and methods of the various categorization schemes vary, resulting in final categorizations that are different. Although harmonizing these schemes would bring clarity to antimicrobial resistance discussions and policy, it has the disadvantage of not accounting for regional antimicrobial resistance and use, potentially removing effective medicines from clinical use in situations where they are wholly appropriate. Antimicrobials should be classified in a One Health manner, where both physician and veterinarian share the responsibility for antimicrobial use. The purpose of this article is to summarize current antimicrobial categorization schemes using illustrative examples to highlight differences and provide perspectives on the impact of the current schemes and future directions.
In situ analysis of platinum group elements in equilibrated ordinary chondrite kamacite and taenite
Authors: Gilmour Cosette M. , Herd Christopher D. K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlatinum group element (PGE) concentrations have been determined in situ in ordinary chondrite kamacite and taenite grains via laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS). Results demonstrate that PGE concentrations in ordinary chondrite metal (kamacite and taenite) are similar among the three ordinary chondrite groups, in contrast to previous bulk metal studies in which PGE concentrations vary in the order H < L < LL. PGE concentrations are higher in taenite than kamacite, consistent with preferential PGE partitioning into taenite. PGE concentrations vary between and within metal grains, although average concentrations in kamacite broadly agree with results from bulk studies. The variability of PGE concentrations in metal decreases with increasing petrologic type; however, variability is still evident in most type six ordinary chondrites, suggesting that equilibration of PGEs does not occur between metal grains, but rather within individual metal grains via self‐diffusion during metamorphism. The constant average PGE concentrations within metal grains across different ordinary chondrite groups are consistent with the formation of metal via nebular condensation prior to the accretion of ordinary chondrite parent bodies. Post‐condensation effects, including heating during chondrule‐formation events, may have affected some element ratios, but have not significantly affected average metal PGE concentrations.
Sclerenchyma cell thickening through enhanced lignification induced by OsMYB30 prevents fungal penetration of rice leaves
Authors: Li Weitao , Wang Kang , Chern Mawsheng , Liu Yuchen , Zhu Ziwei , Liu Jiang , Zhu Xiaobo , Yin Junjie , Ran Li , Xiong Jun , He Kaiwei , Xu Liting , He Min , Wang Jing , Liu Jiali , Bi Yu , Qing Hai , Li Mingwu , Hu Kun , Song Li , Wang Long , Qi Tuo , Hou Qingqing , Chen Weilan , Li Yan , Wang Wenming , Chen Xuewei 
Published: February 2020

Summary

Broad‐spectrum resistance is highly preferred in crop breeding programmes. Previously, we have reported the identification of the broad‐spectrum resistance‐Digu 1 (bsr‐d1) allele from rice Digu. The bsr‐d1 allele prevents activation of Bsr‐d1 expression by Magnaporthe oryzae infection and degradation of H2O2 by peroxidases, leading to resistance to M. oryzae. However, it remains unknown whether defence pathways other than H2O2 burst and peroxidases contribute to the bsr‐d1‐mediated immunity.

Blast resistance was determined in rice leaves by spray and punch inoculations. Target genes of OsMYB30 were identified by one‐hybrid assays in yeast and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Lignin content was measured by phloroglucinol–HCl staining, and acetyl bromide and thioacidolysis methods.

Here, we report the involvement of the OsMYB30 gene in bsr‐d1‐mediated blast resistance. Expression of OsMYB30 was induced during M. oryzae infection or when Bsr‐d1 was knocked out or downregulated, as occurs in bsr‐d1 plants upon infection. We further found that OsMYB30 bound to and activated the promoters of 4‐coumarate:coenzyme A ligase genes (Os4CL3 and Os4CL5) resulting in accumulation of lignin subunits G and S. This action led to obvious thickening of sclerenchyma cells near the epidermis, inhibiting M. oryzae penetration at the early stage of infection.

Our study revealed novel components required for bsr‐d1‐mediated resistance and penetration‐dependent immunity, and advanced our understanding of broad‐spectrum disease resistance.
Keep a distance to be different: axillary buds initiating at a distance from the shoot apical meristem are crucial for the perennial lifestyle of Arabis alpina
Authors: Ponraj Udhaya , Theres Klaus 
Published: February 2020

Summary

In many seed plants, perennialism is achieved through axillary buds and side shoots that remain vegetative. This work aimed to analyse the pattern of axillary bud (AB) formation in the perennial model plant Arabis alpina and to study the role of the LATERAL SUPPRESSOR (AaLAS) gene.

This study combines stereomicroscopic analysis with RNA sequencing to monitor the correlation between patterns of AB formation and gene expression. The role of AaLAS was studied using an RNA interference (RNAi) approach.

During vegetative development, ABs initiate at a distance from the shoot apical meristem (SAM), whereas after floral induction, they initiate adjacent to the SAM. Dormant buds are established before the onset of vernalization. Transcript profiles of ABs initiated at a distance differed from those in the SAM, whereas those of buds initiated in close proximity were similar. Knockdown of AaLAS leads to the loss of dormant buds and vegetative side shoots, strongly compromising the perennial life cycle.

AB formation is regulated differently during vegetative and reproductive development. New meristems that possess different gene expression profiles from those in the SAM are established at a distance from the SAM. AaLAS is essential for the perennial life cycle by modulating the establishment of dormant buds and vegetative side shoots.
Beyond the feedforward sweep: feedback computations in the visual cortex
Authors: Kreiman Gabriel , Serre Thomas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVisual perception involves the rapid formation of a coarse image representation at the onset of visual processing, which is iteratively refined by late computational processes. These early versus late time windows approximately map onto feedforward and feedback processes, respectively. State‐of‐the‐art convolutional neural networks, the main engine behind recent machine vision successes, are feedforward architectures. Their successes and limitations provide critical information regarding which visual tasks can be solved by purely feedforward processes and which require feedback mechanisms. We provide an overview of recent work in cognitive neuroscience and machine vision that highlights the possible role of feedback processes for both visual recognition and beyond. We conclude by discussing important open questions for future research.
Heterogeneity of fibroblasts from radicular cyst influenced osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction
Authors: Yang Jingwen , Xu Shuyu , Wang Hai‐Cheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo analyze the heterogeneity of fibroblasts isolated from the fibrous capsules of radicular cysts and explore the effects of fibroblast subsets on bone destruction.MethodologyRadicular cysts were divided into groups according to varying perilesional sclerosis identified by radiograph. Colony‐forming units (CFUs) were isolated from the fibrous capsules of cysts, by which Trap + MNCs were induced, and the expression of osteoclastogenesis‐related genes was compared among groups by real‐time PCR. The variances in gene profiles of CFUs were identified by principal component analysis, and then, CFUs were divided into subsets using cluster analysis. The induction of Trap + MNCs and related gene expression was compared among subsets, and osteoclastogenic induction was blocked by IST‐9 or bevacizumab. The fibroblast subsets in cysts were investigated by retrospective immunostaining with IST‐9, VEGF‐A, and CD34. A fibroblast subset that underwent gene editing by CRISPR/Cas was injected into the site of bone defects in animal models, and the in vivo effects on osteoclastogenesis were investigated.ResultsThe fibroblast CFUs isolated from radicular cysts with perilesional unsclerotized cysts induced more Trap + MNCs than those with perilesional sclerotic cysts (p < .05). Most fibroblast CFUs from unsclerotized cysts belonged to Cluster 2, which induced more Trap + MNCs (p < .05) and highly expressed genes facilitating osteoclastogenesis; these results were different from those of Cluster 1 (p < .05), in which most CFUs were isolated from perilesional sclerotic cysts or controls (p < .05). The high expression of EDA + FN and VEGF‐A was investigated in both the fibroblasts of Cluster 2 and the fibrous capsules of unsclerotized cysts (p < .05), and the number of Trap + MNCs induced by Cluster 2 was decreased by treatment with IST‐9 and bevacizumab (p < .05). Consistently, EDA exon exclusion significantly decreased the osteoclastogenic induction of fibroblasts from Cluster 2 in vivo (p < .05).ConclusionThe fibrous capsules of radicular cysts contain heterogeneous fibroblasts that can form subsets exhibiting different effects on osteoclastogenesis. The subset, which depending on the autocrine effects of EDA + FN on VEGF‐A, mainly contributes to the osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction of radicular cysts. The regulation of the proportion of subsets is a possible strategy for artificially interfering with osteoclastogenesis.
Paraptosis and Photodynamic Therapy: A Progress Report
Authors: Kessel David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhotodamage to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can initiate a death pathway termed paraptosis. The “canonical” model of paraptosis, initiated by certain drugs and other stimuli, requires a brief interval of protein synthesis, involves the action of MAP kinases and can be followed by biochemical markers. The latter include changes in expression of AIP‐1/Alix and IGF‐1R proteins and translocation of HMGB‐1 from nucleus to plasma membrane. There is also a report indicating that an enhanced level of autophagy can impair death by paraptosis. The pathway to paraptosis follows the canonical pathway when ER photodamage is minor (<LD50). When the extent of ER photodamage approaches LD90 levels, there are deviations from the “canonical” pathway: interfering with protein synthesis does not prevent paraptosis nor does a brief chilling of cells after irradiation, MAP kinases are not involved, and stimulation of autophagy was not cytoprotective. We had previously speculated that ER protein cross‐linking might potentiate paraptosis (Photochem. Photobiol. 95, 2019, 1239) but this appears to be incorrect. At higher PDT doses, substantial cross‐linking of a typical ER protein (BiP, binding immunoglobin protein, an HSP chaperone) was detected and paraptosis was impaired. This may relate to decreased mobility of cross‐linked proteins. Other pathways to cell death were then observed.