bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting intra-abdominal candidiasis in elderly septic patients using machine learning based on lymphocyte subtyping: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Zhao Guoyu , Lei Xianli , Cui Na 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveIntra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) is difficult to predict in elderly septic patients with intra-abdominal infection (IAI). This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram based on lymphocyte subtyping and clinical factors for the early and rapid prediction of IAC in elderly septic patients.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 284 consecutive elderly patients diagnosed with sepsis and IAI was performed. We assessed the clinical characteristics and parameters of lymphocyte subtyping at the onset of IAI. A machine-learning random forest model was used to select important variables, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing IAC. A nomogram model was constructed, and the discrimination, calibration, and clinical effectiveness of the model were verified.ResultsAccording to the results of the random forest and multivariate analyses, gastrointestinal perforation, renal replacement therapy (RRT), T-cell count, CD28+CD8+ T-cell count and CD38+CD8+ T-cell count were independent predictors of IAC. Using the above parameters to establish a nomogram, the area under the curve (AUC) values of the nomogram in the training and testing cohorts were 0.840 (95% CI 0.778-0.902) and 0.783 (95% CI 0.682-0.883), respectively. The AUC in the training cohort was greater than the Candida score [0.840 (95% CI 0.778-0.902) vs. 0.539 (95% CI 0.464-0.615), p&lt; 0.001]. The calibration curve showed good predictive values and observed values of the nomogram; the DCA results showed that the nomogram had high clinical value.ConclusionWe established a nomogram based on the T-cell count, CD28+CD8+ T-cell count, CD38+CD8+ T-cell count and clinical risk factors that can help clinical physicians quickly rule out IAC or identify elderly patients at greater risk for IAC at the onset of infection.Clinical Trial Registration[chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR2300069020].
JiangyaTongluo decoction ameliorates tubulointerstitial fibrosis via regulating the SIRT1/PGC-1α/mitophagy axis in hypertensive nephropathy
Authors: Zhao Yun , Jia Qi , Hao Gaimei , Han Lin , Gao Yushan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Yan Ziming , Li Boyang , Wu Yiping , Zhang Boya , Li Yubo , Qin Jianguo 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionWith the increasing prevalence of hypertension, the incidence of kidney diseases is also increasing, resulting in a serious public burden. Jiangya Tongluo decoction (JYTL), a recognized prescription in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is commonly used to calm an overactive liver and reduce excess yang, while also promoting blood flow to alleviate obstructions in the meridians. Previous research has indicated that JYTL may help mitigate kidney damage caused by hypertension; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been thoroughly assessed.MethodsFirst, an amalgamation of UPLC-QE/MS and network pharmacology techniques was employed to pinpoint potential active components, primary targets, and crucial action mechanisms of JYTL in treating hypertensive nephropathy (HN). Then, we used spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) to evaluate the efficacy of JYTL on HN with valsartan as a positive reference. We also conducted DCFH-DA fluorescence staining in rat renal tissues to detect the level of ROS. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to investigate further the effect of JYTL decoction on key targets and signaling pathways.ResultsThrough UPLC-QE/MS and network analysis, 189 active ingredients and 5 hub targets were identified from JYTL. GSEA in the MitoCarta3.0 database and PPI network analysis revealed that JYTL predominantly engages in the Sirt1-mitophagy signaling pathway. Tanshinone iia, quercetin, and adenosine in JYTL are the main active ingredients for treating HN. In vivo validation showed that JYTL decoction could improve kidney function, ameliorate tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF), and improve mitochondrial function by inhibiting ROS production and regulating mitochondrial dynamics in SHRs. JYTL treatment could also increase the expression of SIRT1, PGC-1α, Nrf1, and TFAM, and activate PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy.ConclusionJYTL decoction may exert renal function protective and anti-fibrosis effects in HN by ameliorating mitochondrial function and regulating the SIRT1/PGC-1α-mitophagy pathway.
Nutrient allocation patterns in different aboveground organs at different reproductive stages of four introduced Calligonum species in a common garden in northwestern China
Authors: Liu Ji-Yuan , Zhang Xue-Lian , Jin Xin-Yue , Wang Meng-Ting , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Wang Xi-Yong 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe Calligonum species is a typical shrub with assimilative branches (ABs) in arid regions in Central Asia. The nutrient distribution patterns at different reproductive stages are of great significance for further understanding the ecological adaptation and survival strategies of plants.MethodsIn the present study, a common garden experiment was employed to avoid interference by environmental heterogeneity. Furthermore, the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) allocation characteristics in the supporting organs (mature branches), photosynthetic organs (ABs), and reproductive organs (flowers and fruits) of Calligonum caput-medusae (CC), Calligonum arborescens (CA), Calligonum rubicundum (CR), and Calligonum klementzii (CK) during the flowering, unripe fruit, and ripe fruit phases were systematically analyzed.ResultsAboveground organs were the main factors affecting the variation of N, P, and K concentrations and their stoichiometric ratios, and the reproductive stages were secondary factors affecting N, P, and the P:K ratio and species were secondary factors affecting K and the N:P and N:K ratios. Meanwhile, significant interactions were found for all three of the aforementioned factors. The N and P concentrations in the ABs of the four species were highest during the flowering phase, while the N:P ratio was lowest, which then gradually decreased and increased, respectively, during plant growth. This result supported the growth rate hypothesis, i.e., that the growth rate is highest during the early growth stage. In the growth period, the N, P, and K concentrations in each organ of the four Calligonum species followed the power law, with the allocation rates of N and P being generally higher than K. There were differences among the species as the N−P scaling exponent in the ABs of CR was only 0.256; according to the scaling exponent law, this species was the least stressed and had the strongest environmental adaptability. Overall, the adaptability of the four species could be ranked as CR &gt; CA &gt; CC &gt; CK. In conclusion, there were significant differences in nutrient traits among different aboveground organs, species, and reproductive stages.DiscussionThe results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the nutrient allocation strategies of different Calligonum species and provide scientific evidence for the ex-situ conservation and fixation application of these species.
Psychometric properties and validation of the metacognitive self-assessment scale (MSAS) in a Turkish sample
Authors: Yılmazer Eda , Hamamcı Zeynep , Türk Fulya 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveMetacognition, a multifaceted psychological construct, encompasses recognising and explaining one’s cognitive processes and those of others. Notably, deficits in metacognitive abilities are linked with diminished social performance, reduced quality of life, and increased severity of Personality Disorders (PD). While there are other assessment tools available in Turkish for evaluating metacognition, none offer the same combination of speed, simplicity, flexibility, and multidimensionality for screening metacognitive abilities as the Metacognition Self-Assessment Scale (MSAS).The Metacognitive Self-Assessment Scale (MSAS) was designed to evaluate various metacognitive functions—namely, Monitoring, Integration, Differentiation, and Disintegration—as described by the Metacognitive Multifunction Model. This study aims to translate and validate the MSAS for Turkish culture.MethodTo check the factor structure’s suitability for the Turkish population, 467 non-clinical participants (67.7% female, ranged from 18 to 31, mean 24.18; ±3.25) were included.ResultsInitial analyses confirm that the scale is a valid and dependable instrument for Turkish culture. Construct validity, represented by the 18 items and four subscales, was confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and criterion validity assessments. As well as the test–retest reliability of the scale was confirmed. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the scale is valid and reliable for use in Turkey. The model aligns well with empirical data, highlighting its strong construct validity and indicating good reliability of the scale.ConclusionThe Turkish version of the MSAS, developed to measure metacognition and its associated components, has proven to be a credible and reliable tool, especially in non-clinical settings.
The impact of college students’ parent–child attachment on bullying behavior: the mediating role of external expression of anger
Authors: Wang Ruixin , Chen Yiwen , Zhao Zhenyu , Zhao Mengmeng , Wang Ziying , Luo Hongge , Li Lina 
Published: December 2024

Purpose(1) To investigate the relationship between college students’ parent–child attachment, external expression of anger, and bullying behavior; (2) To explore the mediating role of external expression of anger between parent–child attachment and bullying behavior.MethodsThe Parent–Child Attachment Scale, State–Trait Anger Expression Inventory, and Bullying Participation Behavior Questionnaire were administered to 306 college students. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 for common method bias tests, descriptive analysis, and correlation analysis. The mediation model was tested using the PROCESS macro program.ResultsParent–child attachment was significantly negatively correlated with external expression of anger and bullying behavior, while external expression of anger was positively correlated with bullying behavior. Additionally, the external expression of anger partially mediated the impact of parent–child attachment on bullying behavior.ConclusionThis study clarifies the relationship between parent–child attachment, external expression of anger, and bullying, emphasizing the indirect effect of parent–child attachment on individual bullying behavior through the external expression of anger. It provides data support for the further development of innovative methods to effectively reduce bullying behavior.
Relationships between daily emotional experiences and smartphone addiction among college students: moderated mediating role of gender and mental health problems
Authors: Cheng Qiuping , Zhou Ying , Zhu Hongying , Wang Qunlong , Peng Wei 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe theoretical model of smartphone addiction highlights the role of emotional factors in fostering addictive behaviors. However, most research has focused on long-term emotional states and pathologies, often overlooking the immediate effects of daily emotional fluctuations on smartphone usage and their mechanisms.MethodsOur study employed an online survey and a moderated parallel mediation model to explore how daily emotional experiences influence smartphone addiction among college students. We analyzed the mediating roles of anxiety, stress, and depression, and the moderating effect of gender.ResultsOur findings indicate that daily negative emotional experiences were positively correlated with smartphone addiction, with stress serving as a significant mediator in the relationship between both positive and negative emotional experiences and addiction. Interestingly, positive emotional experiences directly increased smartphone addiction risk among female students, but they also significantly reduced stress and depression, especially pronounced in women. Further analysis indicated that positive emotions primarily mitigate addiction through reducing stress, a pathway especially significant in females.DiscussionThe study not only confirms the substantial impact of emotional experiences on addiction but also deepens our understanding of their mechanisms, underlining the importance of considering the nature of emotional experiences and gender-specific effects in devising prevention and intervention strategies.
COVID-19 outbreaks caused by different SARS-CoV-2 variants: a descriptive, comparative study from China
Authors: Chen Cao , Feng Yenan , Yin Zeyuan , Pang Mingfan , Shi Qi , Ma Xuejun , Dong Xiao-Ping 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesTo understand the epidemic characteristics of various SARS-CoV-2 variants, we mainly focus on analyzing general epidemic profiles, viral mutation, and evolution of COVID-19 outbreaks caused by different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) in China as of August 2022.MethodsWe systematically sorted out the general epidemic profiles of outbreaks caused by various SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in China, compared the differences of outbreaks caused by Delta and Omicron VOCs, and analyzed the mutational changes of subvariants between the same outbreak and different outbreaks.FindingsBy 15 August 2022, a total of 2, 33, and 124 COVID-19 outbreaks caused by Alpha, Delta, and Omicron VOCs, respectively, were reported in different regions of China. In terms of the number of outbreaks, the extent of affected areas, and the total number of confirmed cases, Omicron VOCs were more widespread than the other variants. The most frequently circulating PANGO lineages in China were B.1.617.2 and AY.122 in Delta VOCs, and BA.2.2.1, BA.2, BA.2.2, and BA.5 for Omicron VOCs. Additional mutations in the genome of the SARS-CoV-2 strain were frequently observed in outbreaks with longer duration and higher numbers of infections.ConclusionThrough the comprehensive analysis of the COVID-19 outbreaks, the influences, and the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 variants in China, we found differences between outbreaks caused by Delta and Omicron VOCs. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 continued to evolve within the same outbreak and across outbreaks occurring in different locations or at different times. These findings suggest that rapidly containing an Omicron virus outbreak can not only reduce the spread of the virus but also delay the virus’s mutation frequency.
Division of childcare policy actors under health-oriented goals: thematic analysis of China’s policy texts from the social constructionist perspective
Authors: Li Linan , Li Junyu 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundEnsuring child health, as a key objective of global childcare policies, requires coordinated efforts between the government, social organizations and communities, institutions, and families. Despite China’s progress in comprehensive childcare policy development, rapid economic growth, and urbanization, challenges persist, such as urban–rural disparities and unequal resource distribution, highlighting the need for effective collaboration between policy actors.MethodsTo collect textual data, this study searched for prefectural-level childcare policy texts issued since 2019 on government websites and legal databases, ultimately identifying 224 documents for analysis. This study reviewed the literature on the impact of childcare policies on child health and identified the enhancement of childcare quality as a current research focus. This study then conducted a content analysis using Nvivo12 Plus software and coded and analyzed the childcare policy content. Finally, it applied social construction theory to interpret the policy documents.ResultsChildcare policies were centered around child health and formed a responsibility and accountability framework between the government, social organizations and communities, institutions, and families, whose action shares accounted for 38.9, 22.89, 29.05, and 9.16%, respectively. The development of childcare institutions was a key aspect of the defamilialization trend. Compared to other policy actors, institutions played a larger role in child health policy aspects such as safety management (12.97%), health and hygiene (8.56%), and scientific parenting (10.93%).ConclusionWithin China’s health-oriented framework, the refamilialization and defamilialization processes coexist in terms of childcare policies, and limited community-based childcare resources extend beyond the family. The participation of diverse policy actors in China’s childcare system is expected to persist, underscoring the increased need to enhance the policy actors’ negotiation skills and bolster community-based childcare services in the future.
Age-dependent pathogenic profiles of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea in Bangladesh
Authors: Akhtar Marjahan , Begum Yasmin Ara , Isfat Ara Rahman Sadia , Afrad Mokibul Hassan , Parvin Nasrin , Akter Afroza , Tauheed Imam , Amin Mohammad Ashraful , Ryan Edward T. , Khan Ashraful Islam , Chowdhury Fahima , Bhuiyan Taufiqur Rahman , Qadri Firdausi 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundAge plays a significant role in susceptibility to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections, yet the distribution of ETEC virulence factors across age groups remains understudied. This study investigated the differential pathogenic profiles ETEC across various age groups, emphasizing the importance of selecting potential ETEC antigens tailored to infection patterns in infants and adults in Bangladesh.MethodsThis study utilized the icddr,b’s 2% systematic hospital surveillance data of diarrheal patients (n = 14,515) from 2017 to 2022 to examine the age-specific pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of ETEC infections.ResultsIn total ETEC was identified in 1,371 (9.4%) of surveillance samples. ETEC-associated diarrhea was higher in children aged 0–2 years and decreased significantly in the 3–17 years age group. Among all ETEC cases, 56% were adults (p = 0.0079) with severe dehydration. Distinct age-specific distribution of ETEC toxin types and colonization factors (CFs) were observed: heat labile toxin (LT)-associated ETEC infections decreased with age (p &lt; 0.0001), while heat stable toxin (ST)-associated-ETEC was prevalent across all ages. Adults exhibited significantly higher rates of ETEC diarrhea with strains secreting both types of toxins. A high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among ETEC strains, particularly in pediatric cases, with significant resistance observed against commonly used antibiotics such as azithromycin and in line with similar age specific toxin profiles. The most common CFs were CFA/I, CS3, CS5, CS6, and CS21. CFA/I positive ETEC infection was more common in children (p &lt; 0.001), while CS5 and CS6 were more common in adults (p &lt; 0.0001).ConclusionThe findings provide valuable insights into ETEC epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations. These observations imply that age-related differences in host-pathogen interactions exist for ETEC infections and this may influence the development of targeted vaccines or therapeutics and use in specific populations.
Internal and marginal fits of 3D-printed provisional prostheses: comparative effect of different printing parameters
Authors: Al-Dulaijan Yousif A. , Aldamanhori Rand , Algaoud Hadeel , Alshubaili Rand , Alkhateeb Reem , Alalawi Haidar , Abualsaud Reem , Alqarawi Firas K. , Al-Qarni Faisal D. , Gad Mohammed M. 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe influence of printing parameters on the marginal and internal fit of three-dimensional (3D) printed interim fixed partial dentures (IFPDs) has been understudied. This investigation sought to elucidate the impact of printing orientation and post-curing time on these critical factors.MethodsA total of 260 3-Unit IFDPs were printed using two different resins (130/NextDent C&amp;B MFH and 130/ASIGA DentaTOOTH). For each material, specimens were printed with three different angulations (0-, 45-, and 90-degree in relation to the z-axis). Each was further divided into 4 groups (n = 10) according to post-curing time (30-, 60-, 90-, and 120 min), while the green state (GS) group at 0-degree remained without post-curing as a control. Each specimen was scanned and then superimposed on the original CAD file. The marginal and internal fit of premolar and molar restorations were evaluated using the silicone replica technique. Digital scanning of the master die, both with and without a fit checker, was followed by data superimposition to compare the master die with the fit checker of each sample. 3D comparisons were conducted using initial and best-fit alignment methods, and the root mean square error (RMS) was calculated to quantify marginal and internal fit at each abutment and for the overall restoration. Statistical analysis was performed using JMP® software (JMP®, Version 16, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA, 1989–2022) with a significance level 0.05 for all tests.ResultsFor the ASIGA group, 0-degree orientation generally exhibited better fit than 45- and 90-degree orientations, with some variations based on post-cure time. For marginal fit, ASIGA crowns typically showed better results with 90-degree orientation, while NextDent crowns demonstrated consistent performance across orientations. Post-curing time also influenced marginal fit, with longer durations generally resulting in improved outcomes.ConclusionWith different printing orientations and post-curing times, ASIGA and NextDent resins can produce IFDPs with acceptable internal and marginal fit. However, NextDent resin consistently outperformed ASIGA in terms of overall fit. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term clinical performance of these materials.