bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Gryphon, Maclure, Tullich and Ballindalloch fields, Blocks 9/18b, 9/18c, 9/19a, 9/23d and 9/24e, UK North Sea
Authors: Pelletier F. , Gunn C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Gryphon Field was discovered in 1987 in Quadrant 9 in the Beryl Embayment. Oil was encountered in a thick Balder Formation sandstone, and the reservoir was interpreted as lobes of a submarine fan system, such as many of the prolific early Tertiary fields in the North Sea. After an extensive appraisal phase, oil production started in 1993 through the Gryphon floating production, storage and offloading vessel.
After a successful initial development phase, the integration of production data, improved and regularly acquired seismic data, and a better geological understanding resulted in the identification of sandstone intrusions. These have since been interpreted to form a volumetrically significant part of the Gryphon reservoir. The drilling of further infill wells, and the development of satellite fields Maclure, Tullich and the future Ballindalloch, ensued from this change to the geological model. To date, the Gryphon, Maclure and Tullich fields have produced more than 200 MMbbl of oil compared to an initial reserve estimate of 151 MMbbl.
Although the current and mid-term focus remains on maximizing oil production, the final phase of the wider Gryphon area fields’ development should see the production of the regional gas cap.
The Babbage Field, Block 48/2a, UK North Sea
Authors: Phipps R. M. , Tiltman C. J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Babbage gas field was discovered in 1988 by exploration well 48/2-2 which drilled into the Permian-age lower Leman Sandstone Formation below a salt wall. Seismic imaging is compromised by the presence of this salt wall, which runs east–west across the southern part of the structure, creating uncertainties in depth conversion and in the in-place volumes. Pre-stack depth migration with beam and reverse time migrations appropriate for the complex salt geometry provided an uplift in subsalt seismic imaging, enabling the development of the field, which is located at the northern edge of the main reservoir fairway in a mixed aeolian–fluvial setting. Advances in artificial fracturing technology were also critical to the development: in this area, deep burial is associated with the presence of pore-occluding clays, which reduce the reservoir permeability to sub-millidarcy levels. The Babbage Field was sanctioned in 2008, based on an in-place volume range of 248–582 bcf; first production was in 2010. It produces from five horizontal development wells that were artificially fracced to improve deliverability of gas from the tight matrix. None of the wells has drilled the gas–water contact, which remains a key uncertainty to the in-place volumes, along with depth-conversion uncertainty below the salt wall.
The Cavendish Field, Block 43/19, UK North Sea
Authors: Wasielka N. , Gluyas J. G. , Breese H. , Symonds R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Cavendish Field is located in UK Continental Shelf Block 43/19a on the northern margin of the Outer Silverpit Basin of the Southern North Sea, 87 miles (140 km) NE of the Lincolnshire coast in a water depth of 62 ft (18.9 m). The Cavendish Field is a gas field in the upper Carboniferous Namurian C (Millstone Grit Formation) and Westphalian A (Caister Coal Formation) strata. It was discovered in 1989 by Britoil-operated well 43/19-1. Production started in 2007 and ceased in 2018. Gas initially in place was 184 bcf and at end of field life 98 bcf had been produced. The field was developed by three wells drilled through the normally unmanned platform into fluvio-deltaic sandstone intervals that had sufficiently good reservoir quality to be effective reservoirs. The majority of the formation within closure comprises mudstones, siltstones and low permeability, non-reservoir-quality feldspathic sandstones. The quality of the reservoir is variable and is controlled by grain size, feldspar content and diagenesis. The field is a structural trap, sealed by a combination of intra-Carboniferous mudstones and a thick sequence of Permian mudstones and evaporites.
The Breagh Field, Blocks 42/12a, 42/13a and 42/8a, UK North Sea
Authors: Nwachukwu C. M. , Barnett Z. , Gluyas J. G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The Breagh Field is in UK Blocks 42/12a, 42/13a and 42/8a. It is a gas field with multiple reservoir intervals within sandstones of the Early Carboniferous Yoredale Formation (equivalent to the Middle Limestone Formation within the Yoredale Group onshore). It was the first and is presently the only field developed within these sandstones, offshore UK. Breagh was discovered in 1997 by well 42/13-2 and proved by development well 42/13a-A1. Its crest is at 7110 ft TVDSS (true vertical depth subsea), marked by the unconformity between the base Zechstein and the subcropping Yoredale Formation. It has a free water level at 7690 ft TVDSS, a maximum column height of 510 ft and a field extent of 94 km
2
. Breagh was developed using ten wells from a 12 slot normally unattended platform; five of the wells have been stimulated by hydraulic fractures with proppant injection. The unprocessed gas flows through a 110 km 20-inch diameter pipeline to the Teesside Gas Processing Plant. Production started in 2013, reached a peak rate of 150 MMscfgd in 2014 and, by the end of 2018, had produced 140 bcf. The field is operated by INEOS Oil and Gas UK Ltd (70%) with partner ONE-Dyas B.V. (30%).
The Catcher, Varadero and Burgman fields, Block 28/9a, UK North Sea
Authors: Gibson Matthew , Riley Dominic , Kenyon-Roberts Stephen , Opata Jacob , Beck Andy , Nguyen Cuong , Martin Tom 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Catcher area fields – Catcher, Varadero and Burgman – were discovered in the Central North Sea between 2010 and 2011. The three fields are found in Block 28/9a. Oil is produced from Eocene sandstones stratigraphically equivalent to the Cromarty and Tay Sandstone members of the Sele and Horda formations, respectively. The reservoir for the Catcher area fields was formed by the large-scale injection of sand from the Eocene Cromarty turbidite system into shallower Sele and Horda Formation mudstones to form the Greater Catcher area injectite complex. The Catcher area development is a floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) based development, with 18 production and injection wells drilled from two drilling templates per field, tied back to the centrally located BW Offshore Catcher FPSO. A further development well will be drilled in 2020 to complete the base development. A phased approach to development drilling, with focused data acquisition, allowed the well layout and count to be optimized as the fields were being developed. Excellent well results have meant that the well count has been reduced relative to the development plans at sanction while delivering an increase in predicted reserves. Further infill wells and satellite field development drilling is planned for the future.
The Culzean Field, Block 22/25a, UK North Sea
Authors: Nygaard Jeppe , Caulfield Michael , Gooder Robert , Chedburn Duncan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Culzean Field is situated 240 km east of Aberdeen in Block 22/25a. The field was discovered in 2008 by well 22/25a-9Z targeting a tilted fault block, encountering lean-gas condensate in the fluvial Triassic Skagerrak (Joanne Sandstone Member) and the Jurassic Pentland formations. The field is high-pressure–high-temperature (HPHT) with initial conditions of 936 Bar (13 575 psi), 176°C (348°F) and charged with a lean-gas condensate. Development of the field was sanctioned in 2015 and is the latest UK HPHT field to be developed with start-up in mid-2019. The field development plan comprises production from six development wells drilled from a wellhead platform with bridge connections to a central process platform with accommodation on an additional bridge-linked utilities and living quarters platform. Gas is exported to shore via the Central Area Transmission System pipeline and produced condensate is exported via the floating storage and offloading vessel ‘Ailsa’. Production is expected to reach a plateau production rate in the order of 100 000 boepd with an overall recovery of up to 300 MMboe.
The Schiehallion and Loyal fields, Blocks 204/20, 204/25a, 204/25b, 205/16 and 205/21b, UK Atlantic Margin
Authors: Ward M. V. , Primmer T. , Laws E. , Macgregor K. , Harpley T. , Ronald A. , Scott J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Schiehallion subsea development comprises two fields, Schiehallion and Loyal, which are located approximately 200 km to the west of the Shetland Islands in the UK Continental Shelf. The Schiehallion and Loyal fields were discovered in late 1993 and 1994, respectively, with a combined oil-in-place of more than 2.3 Bbbl. The fields are developed under waterflood and were on production from 1998 to 2013. After an extended shut-in, the fields were brought back on line in 2017, through new floating production facilities.
Most of the production to date has been from the Paleocene Vaila Formation deep-water turbidite, in the T31 and T34 reservoir intervals. The ongoing Quad 204 redevelopment drilling programme commenced in April 2015, has drilled and completed 21 wells to date, and is expected to continue for several more years. The campaign includes new producer–injector pairs and stand-alone wells to support existing well stock, targeting stacked turbidite reservoir intervals, including the youngest T35–T34 interval, the main T31 interval and the previously under-developed T28–T25 fairway.
In addition to an active drilling programme, a 4D seismic survey was acquired and processed in 2018, and its interpretation is key to unlocking further potential sources of value in this mature field.
The Solan Field, Block 205/26a, UK Atlantic Margin
Authors: Horsfall P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Solan Field is a Jurassic reservoired oil accumulation located in Block 205/26a in the East Solan Basin, West of Shetland. The field was discovered in 1991 by the 205/26a-4 well which encountered oil in the Kimmeridgian to Early Volgian age Solan Sandstone and appraised between 1992 and 2009 by four wells and four sidetracks. Premier Oil farmed into Licence P.164 in 2011 and became operator.
The reservoir, which is up to 100 ft thick, is a basin-floor turbidite sequence and is informally subdivided into a thick and good quality Upper Solan sandstone unit and a thinner, poorer quality, Lower Solan sandstone unit, separated by the laterally extensive Middle Solan unit. Whilst the reservoir sandstones are relatively clean (texturally and compositionally mature) and laterally extensive, sub-seismic structural and stratigraphic complexity resulted in a challenging field development.
The field development to date comprises four subsea wells (two oil producers and two water injectors) tied back to a small jacket and topsides with an innovative subsea oil storage tank. Oil export is via shuttle tanker. First oil was achieved in April 2016. The field oil in place volume is in the range of 55–85 MMbbl.
The Carrack Field, Blocks 49/14b, 49/15a and 49/15b, UK North Sea
Authors: Rieu R. , Porter R. J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The Carrack Field, located in the Southern North Sea Blocks 49/14b and 49/15a, has of the order or 15 bcm (530 bcf) gas initially in place and is operated by Shell UK Ltd. The field consists of a pop-up structure in the south of the field and extends to the north with a gently-dipping monoclinal structure. The reservoir comprises sandstones of the Permian Silverpit and Leman Sandstone formations, which contain
c.
85% of the in-place resources. The quality of the reservoir decreases rapidly to the north. Gas is also produced from Carboniferous sandstones of late Duckmantian (Westphalian B)–Bolsovian (Westphalian C) age.

Initially, the field was in pressure communication both laterally and vertically with a single gas–water contact. During production time, however, the three main fault blocks behaved independently, and decimetre-thick shale intervals acted as vertical baffles between the sandstone units.

The Carrack Field has been in production since 2003 and is developed by a single platform with seven mainly deviated wells. The current production rate is
c.
0.7 MMm
3
/day (25 MMscfgd). Until the end of field life in the 2030s, the field is expected to produce gas of the order of a few bcm. The main remaining opportunity is the undeveloped Carrack West compartment.
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection
Authors: Carss Keren J. , Baranowska Anna A. , Armisen Javier , Webb Tom R. , Hamby Stephen E. , Premawardhana Diluka , Al-Hussaini Abtehale , Wood Alice , Wang Quanli , Deevi Sri V. V. , Vitsios Dimitrios , Lewis Samuel H. , Kotecha Deevia , Bouatia-Naji Nabila , Hesselson Stephanie , Iismaa Siiri E. , Tarr Ingrid , McGrath-Cadell Lucy , Muller David W. , Dunwoodie Sally L. , Fatkin Diane , Graham Robert M. , Giannoulatou Eleni , Samani Nilesh J. , Petrovski Slavé , Haefliger Carolina , Adlam David 
Published: October 2020

Background:Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) occurs when an epicardial coronary artery is narrowed or occluded by an intramural hematoma. SCAD mainly affects women and is associated with pregnancy and systemic arteriopathies, particularly fibromuscular dysplasia. Variants in several genes, such as those causing connective tissue disorders, have been implicated; however, the genetic architecture is poorly understood. Here, we aim to better understand the diagnostic yield of rare variant genetic testing among a cohort of SCAD survivors and to identify genes or gene sets that have a significant enrichment of rare variants.Methods:We sequenced a cohort of 384 SCAD survivors from the United Kingdom, alongside 13 722 UK Biobank controls and a validation cohort of 92 SCAD survivors. We performed a research diagnostic screen for pathogenic variants and exome-wide and gene-set rare variant collapsing analyses.Results:The majority of patients within both cohorts are female, 29% of the study cohort and 14% validation cohort have a remote arteriopathy. Four cases across the 2 cohorts had a diagnosed connective tissue disorder. We identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 7 genes (PKD1,COL3A1,SMAD3,TGFB2,LOX,MYLK, andYY1AP1) in 14/384 cases in the study cohort and in 1/92 cases in the validation cohort. In our rare variant collapsing analysis,PKD1was the highest-ranked gene, and several functionally plausible genes were enriched for rare variants, although no gene achieved study-wide statistical significance. Gene-set enrichment analysis suggested a role for additional genes involved in renal function.Conclusions:By studying the largest sequenced cohort of SCAD survivors, we demonstrate that, based on current knowledge, only a small proportion have a pathogenic variant that could explain their disease. Our findings strengthen the overlap between SCAD and renal and connective tissue disorders, and we highlight several new genes for future validation.
Contrast-Induced Encephalopathy After Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Chu Yung-Tsai , Lee Kang-Po , Chen Chih-Hao , Sung Pi-Shan , Lin Yen-Heng , Lee Chung-Wei , Tsai Li-Kai , Tang Sung-Chun , Jeng Jiann-Shing 
Published: October 2020

Background and Purpose:
Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a rare and underrecognized complication after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke. This study investigated the incidence and risk factors of CIE in patients who underwent EVT.

Methods:
Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke who received EVT between September 2014 and December 2019 at 2 medical centers were included. CIE was diagnosed on clinical criteria of neurological deterioration or delayed improvement within 24 hours after the procedure that was unexplained by the infarct or hemorrhagic transformation and radiological criterion of edematous change extending beyond the infarct core accompanied by contrast staining.

Results:

Of 421 patients with acute ischemic stroke who received EVT, 7 (1.7%) developed CIE. The manifestations included worsening of focal neurological signs, coma, and seizure. Patients with CIE were more likely to experience contrast-induced acute kidney injury than were those without CIE, but the volume of contrast medium was comparable between the two groups. The independent risk factors for CIE included renal dysfunction (defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <45 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
; odds ratio, 5.77 [95% CI, 1.37–24.3];
P
=0.02) and history of stroke (odds ratio, 4.96 [95% CI, 1.15–21.3];
P
=0.03). Patients with CIE were less likely to achieve favorable functional outcomes (odds ratio, 0.09 [95% CI, 0.01–0.87];
P
=0.04).

Conclusions:
CIE should be suspected in patients with clinical worsening after EVT accompanied by imaging evidence of contrast staining and edematous changes, especially in patients with renal dysfunction or history of stroke.
Price Negotiation with Merchant Heterogeneity in the Payment Card Industry
Authors: Ho Chun-Yu , Xu Li , Zhang Daiqiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We examine price negotiation in the payment card industry by exploiting a unique merchant-, industry-, and city-level data set. Motivated by the substantial variation in acquirer fees and heterogeneous merchant card transactions, we use Nash bargaining to model the negotiation over the acquirer fee between an acquirer and a merchant. We find that the merchants secure a larger incremental surplus than the acquirer on average. Moreover, merchants might face upward pressure on acquirer fees as the card penetration rate rises over time, and policies that weaken the acquirer's bargaining power could relieve the upward fee pressure.
Molecular characterisation and phylogenetic relationships of sedentary nematodes of the genus Meloinema Choi & Geraert, 1974 (Nematoda: Tylenchida)
Authors: Subbotin Sergei A. , Kim Donggeun 
Published: October 2020

Summary
Molecular characterisation of two species of Meloinema: M. chitwoodi from Oregon, USA, and M. odesanens from South Korea, is given based on the partial 18S rRNA, the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA, and COI gene sequences. In the phylogenetic trees, Meloinema clustered with Meloidogyne, in a basal position and more closely with Meloidogyne indica and M. nataliei. The Shimodaira-Hasegawa (SH) maximum likelihood testing of an alternative topology with two gene fragments (D2-D3 of 28S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes) did not reject a sister relationship of Meloidogyne and Meloinema. Molecular results confirmed the view of Siddiqi (2000) that Meloidogyne and Meloinema evolved from a Pratylenchidae-type ancestor. The clade Meloinema + Meloidogyne + Nacobbus was rejected by the SH test of the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA gene sequence dataset. The molecular results suggested that the genus Nacobbus should be placed not in the Meloidogynidae, but in a separate subfamily, the Nacobbinae, under the family Pratylenchidae.
Sequential spectral changes of Meloidogyne enterolobii-infected plants using two dimensional correlation IR spectroscopy
Authors: Guerra Mayamarú , Paba Gabriel , Cubillán Néstor , Portillo Edgar , Casassa-Padrón Ana M. , Aballay Erwin , San-Blas Ernesto 
Published: October 2020

Summary
In this work, we found that tomato and guava plants infected with Meloidogyne enterolobii showed different Fourier-transformed infrared spectral patterns compared to non-infected plants. Additionally, by using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) we were able to track and explain those spectral differences according to the progression of the nematode infection in the plants. In general, 2D-COS reveals the same chain of changes in both tomatoes and guavas when under nematode infection. There is a decrease in bands representing amino acids and proteins, fatty acids and lipids are down-regulated, and sugars and total phenols increase in leaves of infected plants. The application of this technique provides useful information on the metabolic and biochemical changes in plant tissues when diseased in a rapid manner. This technique could be used in the future, combined with other methods, to improve field diagnosis, quality control, or to reduce analytical time for biochemical purposes.
The scent world of cats: where to place a urine scent mark to increase signal persistence?
Authors: Mohorović Maja , Krofel Miha 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Scent-marking is a predominant form of communication among felids, with urine spraying having a key role. Detectability and longevity of scent marks are recognized as crucial for efficiency of scent-marking, but there is limited research that has tested scent persistence with respect to various environmental factors. We used an experimental framework to measure human-perceived strength of felid urine smell and determine the effects of substrate, tilt and aspect of marked surfaces on persistence of the simulated scent marks. We used area under the curve (AUC), calculated for the scent strength of each scent-marked surface over time, as a proxy for urine scent preservation. Thereafter, we used ANOVA, followed by analysis of differences of interest between the marking sites, to assess the effect of environmental factors on human-perceived scent mark persistence. Odour persisted significantly better on rough surfaces, surfaces covered with moss and on surfaces with overhanging tilts, while there was no significant difference between the northerly- and southerly-oriented surfaces. The results are generally in accordance with the use and selection of marking sites previously reported for wild felids throughout the world, confirming that in their marking behaviour felids strive to prolong the persistence of scent marks. This knowledge will help researchers in interpretation of data on scent-marking and to evaluate the adaptive significance of this behaviour.
Turntablism in the History of International Law
Authors: d’Aspremont Jean 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article uses the metaphor of turntablism to shed light on the confinement of international lawyers’ engagement with history to the terms, vocabularies, and categories of the very historical narratives they seek to evaluate, disrupt, or displace. For the sake of this article, turntablism is understood here as the art of creating new music and sound effects by using one or several turntables on which a record is placed. This article argues that twenty-first century international lawyers engaging with the history of international law are talented turntablists in that the many historiographical works of international lawyers produced since the so-called ‘historical turn’ have remained confined to the very terms, categories, and vocabularies of the histories whose creation they have been discoursing and theorising. This article ultimately shows that turntablism is not the inevitable fate of international lawyers engaging with history, and that a radical historical critique is possible and should be promoted.
Histories Hidden in the Shadow: Vitoria and the International Ostracism of Francoist Spain
Authors: Bühner Julia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In recent years, interest in the historiography on the Dominican friar Francisco de Vitoria (1483–1546) has increased. Besides contributing to the current methodological discussions about the benefits of writing history of international law in context, the article focuses on the articles of a Spanish yearbook published by the Asociación Francisco de Vitoria and its political implications during the era of international ostracism of the Francoist regime. The authors, conception and composition of the yearbook are considered as well as the way in which the articles present and misuse the Dominican friar for propagandistic purposes.