bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Importance of Triatomine (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) Feeding Sources in the Chagas Disease Context
Authors: Antonio-Campos Alberto , Alejandre-Aguilar Ricardo , Rivas Nancy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe triatomines are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909), the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. All species are strictly hematophagous, and the hosts used by vector species are important to understand the transmission dynamics of T. cruzi, and eventually, for the development of effective control strategies in endemic countries. In the current review, we gather a comprehensively number of literature reporting triatomine feeding sources, using rigorous targeted search of scientific publications, which includes research papers and reviews to put together the most recent findings of the feeding behavior in triatomines and their applications for vector control of Chagas disease. Our main findings suggest that the main feeding source in triatomines is the human blood (22.75%), T. dimidiata (Latreille, 1811) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is the most frequent (13.68%) triatomine species in this type of study, and most of the studies on feeding sources (47.5%) are conducted in the domestic and peri-domestic environment.
Assessment of efficacy of postinfusion tubing flushing in reducing risk of cytotoxic contamination
Authors: Claraz Pauline , Riff Isabelle , Vert Charlotte , Wolff Elina , Perriat Sophie , Grand Anaïs , Cretu Yann , Hennebelle Isabelle , Canonge Jean-Marie , Puisset Florent 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Infusion of cytotoxic drugs carries the risk of occupational exposure of healthcare workers. Since disconnecting an infusion line is a source of contamination, flushing of tubing after infusion of cytotoxic agents is recommended, but the optimal volume of rinsing solution is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess whether postinfusion line flushing completely eliminates cytotoxics.

Methods
Infusions were simulated with 3 cytotoxics (gemcitabine, cytarabine, and paclitaxel) diluted in 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection in 250-mL infusion bags. Infusion lines were flushed using 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride solution at 2 different flow rates. The remaining concentration of cytotoxics in the infusion line was measured by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method after passage of every 10 mL of flushing volume until a total of 100 mL had been flushed through.

Results
All cytotoxics remained detectable even after line flushing with 80 mL of flushing solution (a volume 3-fold greater than the dead space volume within the infusion set). Gemcitabine and cytarabine were still quantifiable via HPLC even after flushing with 100 mL of solution. Efficacy of flushing was influenced by the lipophilicity of drugs but not by either the flushing solvent used or the flushing flow rate. After 2-fold dead space volume flushing, the estimated amount of drug remaining in the infusion set was within 0.19% to 0.56% of the prescribed dose for all 3 cytotoxics evaluated.

Conclusion
Complete elimination of cytotoxics from an infusion line is an unrealistic objective. Two-fold dead space volume flushing could be considered optimal in terms of administered dose but not from an environmental contamination point of view. Even when flushed, the infusion set should still be considered a source of cytotoxic contamination.
Social Workers’ Management of Child Interpreting: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lucas Siân E 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpoken language interpreters are commonly used to facilitate communication for emergent bilingual service users in social work. Children often have greater English language proficiency than their parents and may interpret for family members in a variety of contexts, including social work. This article approaches the topic of child interpreting from social workers’ perspectives and presents findings from in-depth interviews about child interpreting. Social constructionist theories are used to examine the way social workers manage child interpreting. The findings indicate that social workers manage child interpreting by monitoring, scaffolding or stopping encounters. Through talking about child interpreting, the social workers conceptualise children as passive, vulnerable or untrustworthy. Social workers recognised the potential contributions that child interpreters offered but remained concerned about their ability to translate technical and emotionally laden messages. Given that child interpreting was found to be unavoidable in social work, there is scope to develop a framework for safe and effective child-interpreting practice. Future research directions include an exploration of children’s perceptions about interpreting in social work contexts.
Abnormalities of Cortical Sources of Resting State Alpha Electroencephalographic Rhythms are Related to Education Attainment in Cognitively Unimpaired Seniors and Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Babiloni Claudio , Ferri Raffaele , Noce Giuseppe , Lizio Roberta , Lopez Susanna , Lorenzo Ivan , Panzavolta Andrea , Soricelli Andrea , Nobili Flavio , Arnaldi Dario , Famà Francesco , Orzi Francesco , Buttinelli Carla , Giubilei Franco , Cipollini Virginia , Marizzoni Moira , Güntekin Bahar , Aktürk Tuba , Hanoğlu Lutfu , Yener Görsev , Özbek Yağmur , Stocchi Fabrizio , Vacca Laura , Frisoni Giovanni B , Del Percio Claudio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn normal old (Nold) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) persons, a high cognitive reserve (CR) makes them more resistant and resilient to brain neuropathology and neurodegeneration. Here, we tested whether these effects may affect neurophysiological oscillatory mechanisms generating dominant resting state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) alpha rhythms in Nold and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (ADMCI). Data in 60 Nold and 70 ADMCI participants, stratified in higher (Edu+) and lower (Edu–) educational attainment subgroups, were available in an Italian–Turkish archive. The subgroups were matched for age, gender, and education. RsEEG cortical sources were estimated by eLORETA freeware. As compared to the Nold-Edu– subgroup, the Nold-Edu+ subgroup showed greater alpha source activations topographically widespread. On the contrary, in relation to the ADMCI-Edu– subgroup, the ADMCI-Edu+ subgroup displayed lower alpha source activations topographically widespread. Furthermore, the 2 ADMCI subgroups had matched cerebrospinal AD diagnostic biomarkers, brain gray–white matter measures, and neuropsychological scores. The current findings suggest that a high CR may be related to changes in rsEEG alpha rhythms in Nold and ADMCI persons. These changes may underlie neuroprotective effects in Nold seniors and subtend functional compensatory mechanisms unrelated to brain structure alterations in ADMCI patients.
Development and Internal Validation of a Prediction Model to Risk Stratify Children With Suspected Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Florin Todd A , Ambroggio Lilliam , Lorenz Douglas , Kachelmeyer Andrea , Ruddy Richard M , Kuppermann Nathan , Shah Samir S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Although community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common infections in children, no tools exist to risk stratify children with suspected CAP. We developed and validated a prediction model to risk stratify and inform hospitalization decisions in children with suspected CAP.

Methods
We performed a prospective cohort study of children aged 3 months to 18 years with suspected CAP in a pediatric emergency department. Primary outcome was disease severity, defined as mild (discharge home or hospitalization for &lt;24 hours with no oxygen or intravenous [IV] fluids), moderate (hospitalization &lt;24 hours with oxygen or IV fluids, or hospitalization &gt;24 hours), or severe (intensive care unit stay for &gt;24 hours, septic shock, vasoactive agents, positive-pressure ventilation, chest drainage, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or death). Ordinal logistic regression and bootstrapped backwards selection were used to derive and internally validate our model.

Results
Of 1128 children, 371 (32.9%) developed moderate disease and 48 (4.3%) severe disease. Severity models demonstrated excellent discrimination (optimism-corrected c-indices of 0.81) and outstanding calibration. Severity predictors in the final model included respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, oxygenation, retractions, capillary refill, atelectasis or pneumonia on chest radiograph, and pleural effusion.

Conclusions
We derived and internally validated a score that accurately predicts disease severity in children with suspected CAP. Once externally validated, this score has potential to facilitate management decisions by providing individualized risk estimates that can be used in conjunction with clinical judgment to improve the care of children with suspected CAP.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections Among Children in the Biospecimens from Respiratory Virus-Exposed Kids (BRAVE Kids) Study
Authors: Hurst Jillian H , Heston Sarah M , Chambers Hailey N , Cunningham Hannah M , Price Meghan J , Suarez Lilianna , Crew Carter G , Bose Shree , Aquino Jhoanna N , Carr Stuart T , Griffin S Michelle , Smith Stephanie H , Jenkins Kirsten , Pfeiffer Trevor S , Rodriguez Javier , DeMarco C Todd , De Naeyer Nicole A , Gurley Thaddeus C , Louzao Raul , Zhao Congwen , Cunningham Coleen K , Steinbach William J , Denny Thomas N , Lugo Debra J , Moody M Anthony , Permar Sallie R , Rotta Alexandre T , Turner Nicholas A , Walter Emmanuel B , Woods Christopher W , Kelly Matthew S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Child with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection typically have mild symptoms that do not require medical attention, leaving a gap in our understanding of the spectrum of SARS-CoV-2-related illnesses that the viruses causes in children.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study of children and adolescents (aged &lt;21 years) with a SARS-CoV-2-infected close contact. We collected nasopharyngeal or nasal swabs at enrollment and tested for SARS-CoV-2 using a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay.

Results
Of 382 children, 293 (77%) were SARS-CoV-2-infected. SARS-CoV-2-infected children were more likely to be Hispanic (P &lt; .0001), less likely to have asthma (P = .005), and more likely to have an infected sibling contact (P = .001) than uninfected children. Children aged 6-13 years were frequently asymptomatic (39%) and had respiratory symptoms less often than younger children (29% vs 48%; P = .01) or adolescents (29% vs 60%; P &lt; .001). Compared with children aged 6-13 years, adolescents more frequently reported influenza-like (61% vs 39%; P &lt; .001) , and gastrointestinal (27% vs 9%; P = .002), and sensory symptoms (42% vs 9%; P &lt; .0001) and had more prolonged illnesses (median [interquartile range] duration: 7 [4-12] vs 4 [3-8] days; P = 0.01). Despite the age-related variability in symptoms, wWe found no difference in nasopharyngeal viral load by age or between symptomatic and asymptomatic children.

Conclusions
Hispanic ethnicity and an infected sibling close contact are associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among children, while asthma is associated with decreased risk. Age-related differences in clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection must be considered when evaluating children for coronavirus disease 2019 and in developing screening strategies for schools and childcare settings.
Myopericarditis and myositis in a patient with COVID-19: a case report
Authors: Shabbir Asad , Camm Christian Fielder , Elkington Andrew , Tilling Lindsey , Stirrup James , Chan Antoni , Bull Sacha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundConcurrent myopericarditis and myositis can present in patients with pre-existing systemic inflammatory diseases. Here we present a case of myopericarditis and myositis associated with COVID-19, in the absence of respiratory symptoms.Case summaryWe present a middle-aged female with a history of hypertension and previous myopericarditis. The patient was admitted with symptoms of central chest pain, and ECG and echocardiographic features of myopericarditis. Her symptoms did not improve, and CT thorax suggested possible SARS-CoV-2 infection for which she tested positive, despite no respiratory symptoms. Whilst on the ward, she developed bilateral leg weakness and a raised creatine kinase (CK), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her thighs confirmed myositis. A cardiac MRI confirmed myopericarditis. She was treated with colchicine 500 μg twice daily, ibuprofen 400 mg three times day, and prednisolone 30 mg per day, and her symptoms and weakness improved.DiscussionWe describe the first reported case of concurrent myopericarditis, and myositis associated with COVID-19. Conventional therapy with colchicine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and glucocorticoids improved her symptoms, and reduced biochemical markers of myocardial and skeletal muscle inflammation.
Ascertainment of Delirium Status Using Natural Language Processing From Electronic Health Records
Authors: Fu Sunyang , Lopes Guilherme S , Pagali Sandeep R , Thorsteinsdottir Bjoerg , LeBrasseur Nathan K , Wen Andrew , Liu Hongfang , Rocca Walter A , Olson Janet E , St. Sauver Jennifer , Sohn Sunghwan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Delirium is underdiagnosed in clinical practice and is not routinely coded for billing. Manual chart review can be used to identify the occurrence of delirium; however, it is labor-intensive and impractical for large-scale studies. Natural language processing (NLP) has the capability to process raw text in electronic health records (EHRs) and determine the meaning of the information. We developed and validated NLP algorithms to automatically identify the occurrence of delirium from EHRs.

Methods
This study used a randomly selected cohort from the population-based Mayo Clinic Biobank (N = 300, age ≥65). We adopted the standardized evidence-based framework confusion assessment method (CAM) to develop and evaluate NLP algorithms to identify the occurrence of delirium using clinical notes in EHRs. Two NLP algorithms were developed based on CAM criteria: one based on the original CAM (NLP-CAM; delirium vs no delirium) and another based on our modified CAM (NLP-mCAM; definite, possible, and no delirium). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were used for concordance in delirium status between NLP algorithms and manual chart review as the gold standard. The prevalence of delirium cases was examined using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9), NLP-CAM, and NLP-mCAM.

Results
NLP-CAM demonstrated a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.919, 1.000, and 0.967, respectively. NLP-mCAM demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.827, 0.913, and 0.827, respectively. The prevalence analysis of delirium showed that the NLP-CAM algorithm identified 12 651 (9.4%) delirium patients, the NLP-mCAM algorithm identified 20 611 (15.3%) definite delirium cases, and 10 762 (8.0%) possible cases.

Conclusions
NLP algorithms based on the standardized evidence-based CAM framework demonstrated high performance in delineating delirium status in an expeditious and cost-effective manner.
Association Between Social Pensions With Depression, Social, and Health Behaviors Among Poor Older Individuals in Colombia
Authors: Hessel Philipp , Bermeo López Lina María , López Franco Laura Cristina , Ham Andrés , Pinilla-Roncancio Mónica , González-Uribe Catalina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Many low- and middle-income countries have introduced social pensions to alleviate extreme poverty and improve the well-being of older individuals. However, evidence remains inconclusive about the potential effects of such programs on mental health, social, and health behaviors.

Methods
Data for individuals aged 60 or older came from the nationally representative Encuesta Nacional de Salud, Bienestar y Envejeciamiento survey in Colombia 2015 (N = 9,456). We used propensity score matching to estimate the association between the country’s social pension program (Colombia Mayor) with depression, self-rated health, food insecurity, alcohol consumption, social participation, and labor force participation.

Results
Results show that receiving the program does not significantly affect the likelihood of suffering from depression or self-rated health among either men or women. However, receiving the program is associated with significant reductions in the likelihood of experiencing food insecurity and significant increases in the likelihood of participating socially. Among women, receiving the program is associated with significant reduction in the likelihood of participating in the labor force.

Discussion
The absence of a measurable effect on depression and self-rated health may be explained, at least partly, by the program’s comparatively small cash benefit and the sharing of resources with other family members. Policymakers should assess possibilities to maximize the health and social benefits of social pensions.
A molecular map of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Gabriel Aurélie A G , Mathian Emilie , Mangiante Lise , Voegele Catherine , Cahais Vincent , Ghantous Akram , McKay James D , Alcala Nicolas , Fernandez-Cuesta Lynnette , Foll Matthieu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (LNENs) are rare solid cancers, with most genomic studies including a limited number of samples. Recently, generating the first multi-omic dataset for atypical pulmonary carcinoids and the first methylation dataset for large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas led us to the discovery of clinically relevant molecular groups, as well as a new entity of pulmonary carcinoids (supra-carcinoids).

Results
To promote the integration of LNENs molecular data, we provide here detailed information on data generation and quality control for whole-genome/exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and EPIC 850K methylation arrays for a total of 84 patients with LNENs. We integrate the transcriptomic data with other previously published data and generate the first comprehensive molecular map of LNENs using the Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) dimension reduction technique. We show that this map captures the main biological findings of previous studies and can be used as reference to integrate datasets for which RNA sequencing is available. The generated map can be interactively explored and interrogated on the UCSC TumorMap portal (https://tumormap.ucsc.edu/?p=RCG_lungNENomics/LNEN). The data, source code, and compute environments used to generate and evaluate the map as well as the raw data are available, respectively, in a Nextjournal interactive notebook (https://nextjournal.com/rarecancersgenomics/a-molecular-map-of-lung-neuroendocrine-neoplasms/) and at the EMBL-EBI European Genome-phenome Archive and Gene Expression Omnibus data repositories.

Conclusions
We provide data and all resources needed to integrate them with future LNENs transcriptomic studies, allowing meaningful conclusions to be drawn that will eventually lead to a better understanding of this rare understudied disease.
Comprehensive characterization of N- and O- glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 human receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2
Authors: Shajahan Asif , Archer-Hartmann Stephanie , Supekar Nitin T , Gleinich Anne S , Heiss Christian , Azadi Parastoo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created the need for development of new therapeutic strategies. Understanding the mode of viral attachment, entry and replication has become a key aspect of such interventions. The coronavirus surface features a trimeric spike (S) protein that is essential for viral attachment, entry and membrane fusion. The S protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) for entry. Herein, we describe glycomic and glycoproteomic analysis of hACE2 expressed in HEK293 cells. We observed high glycan occupancy (73.2 to 100%) at all seven possible N-glycosylation sites and surprisingly detected one novel O-glycosylation site. To deduce the detailed structure of glycan epitopes on hACE2 that may be involved in viral binding, we have characterized the terminal sialic acid linkages, the presence of bisecting GlcNAc and the pattern of N-glycan fucosylation. We have conducted extensive manual interpretation of each glycopeptide and glycan spectrum, in addition to using bioinformatics tools to validate the hACE2 glycosylation. Our elucidation of the site-specific glycosylation and its terminal orientations on the hACE2 receptor, along with the modeling of hACE2 glycosylation sites can aid in understanding the intriguing virus-receptor interactions and assist in the development of novel therapeutics to prevent viral entry. The relevance of studying the role of ACE2 is further increased due to some recent reports about the varying ACE2 dependent complications with regard to age, sex, race and pre-existing conditions of COVID-19 patients.
Sustainable design of bagasse biomass flow reclamation control using bifurcated chute
Authors: Eloka-Eboka Andrew C , Onunka Chiemela 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In existing ethanol factories across Southern Africa, the optimization of bagasse flow reclamation is of critical importance to optimum performance of ethanol factories. One of the key strategies in optimization is the addition of a recirculation system to the current bagasse conveying system, which feeds a 120 t/h steam-generating boiler. The focus of this paper is to propose the use of a mechanical diverting chute, which will integrate into the upgraded bagasse conveying system. The chute will enable automated variable flow control of bagasse, through the existing distributed control system, between the recirculation conveyors and discharge to ground for stock piling. The variation in flow will be controlled by monitoring the feed rate of sugar cane, measured by a belt scale, to the crushing mills. The purpose of this upgraded system is to reduce the required operating hours of a front-end loader, which currently performs the recirculating function, but also allows surplus bagasse to be stock piled for future use in the factory outside of the crushing season.
Hepatitis B Vaccines
Authors: Pattyn Jade , Hendrickx Greet , Vorsters Alex , Van Damme Pierre 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which infects the liver and may lead to chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV represents a worldwide public health problem, causing major morbidity and mortality. Affordable, safe, and effective, hepatitis B vaccines are the best tools we have to control and prevent hepatitis B. In 2019, coverage of 3 doses of the hepatitis B vaccine reached 85% worldwide compared to around 30% in 2000. The effective implementation of hepatitis B vaccination programs has resulted in a substantial decrease in the HBV carrier rate and hepatitis B-related morbidity and mortality. This article summarizes the great triumphs of the hepatitis B vaccine, the first anticancer and virus-like-particle–based vaccine. In addition, existing unresolved issues and future perspectives on hepatitis B vaccination required for global prevention of HBV infection are discussed.