bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Prediction of Protein-Protein Interaction Mapping on Homo Sapiens by Using Amino Acid Sequence Features in a Supervised Learning Framework
Authors: Islam Md. Merajul , Alam Md. Jahangir , Ahmed Fee Faysal , Hasan Md. Mehedi , Mollah Md. Nurul Haque 
Published: June 2020

Background:Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) has emerged as a key role in the control of many biological processes including protein function, disease incidence, and therapy design. However, the identification of PPI by wet lab experiment is a challenging task, since it is laborious, time consuming and expensive. Therefore, computational prediction of PPI is now given emphasis before going to the experimental validation, since it is simultaneously less laborious, time saver and cost minimizer.Objective:The objective of this study is to develop an improved computational method for PPI prediction mapping on Homo sapiens by using the amino acid sequence features in a supervised learning framework.Methods:The experimentally validated 91 positive-PPI pairs of human protein sequences were collected from IntAct Molecular Interaction Database. Then we constructed three balanced datasets with ratios 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 of positive and negative PPI samples. Then we partitioned each dataset into training (80%) and independent test (20%) datasets. Again each training dataset was partitioned into four mutually exclusive groups of equal sizes for interchanging each group with independent test group to perform 5-fold cross validation (CV). Then we trained candidate seven classifiers (NN, SVM, LR, NB, KNN, AB and RF) with each ratio case to obtain the better PPI predictor by comparing their performance scores.Results:The random forest (RF) based predictor that was trained with 1:2 ratio of positive-PPI and negative-PPI samples based on AAC encoding features provided the most accurate PPI prediction by producing the highest average performance scores of accuracy (93.50%), sensitivity (95.0%), MCC (85.2%), AUC (0.941) and pAUC (0.236) with the 5-fold cross-validation. It also achieved the highest average performance scores of accuracy (92.0%), sensitivity (94.0%), MCC (83.6%), AUC (0.922) and pAUC (0.207) with the independent test datasets in a comparison of the other candidate and existing predictors.Conclusion:The final resultant prediction strongly recommend that the RF based predictor is a better prediction model of PPI mapping on Homo sapiens.
Acute Rejection Following Kidney Transplantation: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives
Authors: Rodrigo Emilio , Chedid Marcio F. , Segundo David San , Millán Juan C.R. San , López-Hoyos Marcos 
Published: June 2020

:
Although acute renal graft rejection rate has declined in the last years, and because an adequate therapy
can improve graft outcome, its therapy remains as one of the most significant challenges for pharmacists and
physicians taking care of transplant patients. Due to the lack of evidence highlighted by the available metaanalyses,
we performed a narrative review focused on the basic mechanisms and current and future therapies of
acute rejection in kidney transplantation.

:
According to Kidney Disease/Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines, both clinical and subclinical
acute rejection episodes should be treated. Usually, high dose steroids and basal immunosuppression optimization
are the first line of therapy in treating acute cellular rejection. Rabbit antithymocytic polyclonal globulins are
used as rescue therapy for recurrent or steroid-resistant cellular rejection episodes. Current standard-of-care
(SOC) therapy for acute antibody-mediated rejection (AbMR) is the combination of plasma exchange with intravenous
immunoglobulin (IVIG). Since a significant rate of AbMR does not respond to SOC, different studies
have analyzed the role of new drugs such as Rituximab, Bortezomib, Eculizumab and C1 inhibitors. Lack of
randomized controlled trials and heterogenicity among performed studies limit obtaining definite conclusions.
Data about new direct and indirect B cell and plasma cell depleting agents, proximal and terminal complement
blockers, IL-6/IL-6R pathway inhibitors and antibody removal agents, among other promising drugs, are reviewed.
Salidroside - Can it be a Multifunctional Drug?
Authors: Magani Sri Krishna Jayadev , Mupparthi Sri Durgambica , Gollapalli Bhanu Prakash , Shukla Dhananjay , Tiwari AK , Gorantala Jyotsna , Yarla Nagendra Sastry , Tantravahi Srinivasan 
Published: June 2020

Background:Salidroside is a glucoside of tyrosol found mostly in the roots of Rhodiola spp. It exhibits diverse biological and pharmacological properties. In the last decade, enormous research is conducted to explore the medicinal properties of salidroside; this research reported many activities like anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-diabetic, anti-depressant, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, etc.Objective:Despite its multiple pharmacological effects, a comprehensive review detailing its metabolism and therapeutic activities is still missing. This review aims to provide an overview of the metabolism of salidroside, its role in alleviating different metabolic disorders, diseases and its molecular interaction with the target molecules in different conditions. This review mostly concentrates on the metabolism, biological activities and molecular pathways related to various pharmacological activities of salidroside.Conclusion:Salidroside is produced by a three-step pathway in the plants with tyrosol as an intermediate molecule. The molecule is biotransformed into many metabolites through phase I and II pathways. These metabolites, together with a certain amount of salidroside may be responsible for various pharmacological functions. The salidroside based inhibition of PI3k/AKT, JAK/ STAT, and MEK/ERK pathways and activation of apoptosis and autophagy are the major reasons for its anti-cancer activity. AMPK pathway modulation plays a significant role in its anti-diabetic activity. The neuroprotective activity was linked with decreased oxidative stress and increased antioxidant enzymes, Nrf2/HO-1 pathways, decreased inflammation through suppression of NF-κB pathway and PI3K/AKT pathways. These scientific findings will pave the way to clinically translate the use of salidroside as a multi-functional drug for various diseases and disorders in the near future.
e-Membranome: A Database for Genome-Wide Analysis of Escherichia coli Outer Membrane Proteins
Authors: Lee Kang M. , Kim Cheorl-Ho , Kim Jong H. , Kim Sung S. , Cho Seung-Hak 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
Lectin-like adhesins of enteric bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli are
an attractive target for vaccine or drug development. Here, we have developed e-Membranome as a database
of genome-wide putative adhesins in Escherichia coli (E. coli).

Methods:
The outer membrane adhesins were predicted from the annotated genes of Escherichia coli
strains using the PSORTb program. Further analysis was performed using Interproscan and the String
database. The candidate proteins can be investigated for homology modeling of the Three-Dimensional
(3D) structure (I-TASSER version 5.1), epitope region (ABCpred), and the glycan array.

Results:
e-Membranome is implemented using the Django (version 2.2.5) framework. The Web Application
Server Apache Tomcat 6.0 is integrated into the platform on Ubuntu Linux (version 16.04).
MySQL database (version 5.7) is used as a database engine. The information on homology model of
the 3D structure, epitope region, and affinity information from the glycan array will be stored in the e-
Membranome database. As a case study, we performed a genome-wide screening of outer membraneembedded
proteins from the annotated genes of E. coli using the e-Membranome pipeline.

Conclusion:
This platform is expected to be a valuable resource for advancing research of outer membrane
proteins for the construction of lectin-glycan interaction network of E. coli. In addition, the e-
Membranome pipeline can be extended to other similar biological systems that need to address hostpathogen
interactions.
Design and Synthesis of Arylnaphthalene Lignan Lactone Derivatives as Potent Topoisomerase Inhibitors
Authors: Chen Wang , Feng Zili , Hu Daihua , Meng Jin 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Arylnaphthalene lignan lactones are a class of natural products containing the
phenyl-naphthyl skeleton. Some arylnaphthalene lignan lactones have been used in clinical practice as
antitumor agents, due to their cytotoxicity and inhibitory activities against DNA topoisomerase I (Topo
I) and topoisomerase II (Topo II).

Objective:
This study presents the design and synthesis of arylnaphthalene lignan lactones derivatives.
The inhibitory activities against Topo I and Topo IIα and antitumor activities of these compounds were
assayed.

Methods:
A series of arylnaphthalene lignan lactones derivatives have been designed and synthesized,
using the Diels-Alder reaction and Suzuki reaction as the key steps. Their antiproliferation activities
were evaluated by sulforhodamine B assay on human breast cancer MDAMB-231, MDA-MB-435 and
human cervical cancer HeLa cells. DNA relaxation assays were employed to examine the inhibitory activity
of compounds 1-22 on Topo I and Topo IIα in vitro. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to
study the drug effects on cell cycle progressions.

Results:
Seven compounds exhibited the modest anti-proliferation activity with IC50 values between
1.36 and 20 μM. Compounds 3, 19 and 22 showed potent inhibitory activities with IC50 values less than
1 μM. DNA relaxation assay revealed that compound 22 showed potent inhibitory activity against Topo
IIα in vitro. Compound 22 also induced DNA breaks in MDA-MB-435 cells evidenced by comet tails
and the accumulation of γ-H2AX foci. The ability of 22 in inducing DNA breaks mediated by Topo IIα
resulted in G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis.

Conclusion:
This work indicates that arylnaphthalene lignan lactones derivatives represent a novel type
of Topo IIα inhibitory scaffold for developing new antitumor chemotherapeutic agents.
Effects of a Low Carb Diet and Whey Proteins on Anthropometric, Hematochemical, and Cardiovascular Parameters in Subjects with Obesity
Authors: De Pergola Giovanni , Zupo Roberta , Lampignano Luisa , Paradiso Silvia , Murro Isanna , Cecere Annagrazia , Bartolomeo Nicola , Ciccone Marco M. , Giannelli Gianluigi , Triggiani Vincenzo 
Published: June 2020

Background:
The best way to lose body weight, without using drugs and/or suffering hunger
and stress, has not yet been defined. The present study tested a low carbohydrate diet, enriched
with proteins, in subjects with overweight and obesity.

Methods:
The study enrolled 22 uncomplicated overweight and obese subjects. Several parameters
were examined before and after 6 weeks of a low-carbohydrate diet, enriched with 18 g of whey proteins.
Anthropometric (body mass index, waist circumference) variables, fasting hormones (insulin,
TSH, FT3, FT4), and metabolic (glucose, prealbumin, and lipid levels) parameters were measured. 25-
OH-vitamin D (25 (OH) D), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and osteocalcin, were also quantified. Body
composition parameters (fat mass, fat-free mass, body cell mass, total body water) were measured by
electrical bioimpedance analysis. As cardiovascular parameters, blood pressure, endothelium flowmediated
dilation (FMD), and common carotid artery intima-media thickness were also measured.

Results:
The low-carbohydrate diet integrated with proteins induced a significant decrease in body
weight (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), fat mass (P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P <
0.01), triglycerides (P < 0.001), total cholesterol (P < 0.001), pre-albumin (P < 0.001), insulin (P <
0.001), HOMAIR (P < 0.001), FT3 (P < 0.05), and c-IMT (P < 0.001), and a significant increase in
FMD (P < 0.001) and 25 (OH) D (P < 0.001) was also observed.

Conclusions:
All these results suggest that a short-term non-prescriptive low carbohydrate diet, enriched
with whey proteins, may be a good way to start losing fat mass and increase health.
Formulation development and in-vitro evaluation of Molsidomine matrix tablets for colon specific release
Authors: Naga Durga D. Hema , Sowjanya T. Lakshmi , Pavani T. , Duppala Lohithasu 
Published: June 2020

Colon targeted tablets were prepared in two steps. Initially core tablets were prepared and then the tablets were coated by using different pH dependent polymers. Ethyl cellulose, Eudragit L100 and S100 were used as coating polymers. FT-IR studies were carried out to find out the possible interaction between the selected drugs and polymer. FT-IR studies revealed that there was no interaction between the selected drug and excipients. The pre-compression blend of all formulations was subjected to various flow property tests and all the formulations passed the tests. The tablets were coated by using polymers and the coated tablets were subjected to various evaluation techniques. The tablets passed all the tests. Among all the formulations F3 formulation was found to be optimized as it was retarded the drug release up to 12 hours and showed maximum of 97.57% drug release. It followed zero order kinetics mechanism. The ideal formulation was subjected to stability studies at 40°C/75%RH. The stability studies indicated that the formulation was stable and retained its pharmaceutical properties at 40°C/75%RH over a period of 1 month.
Keywords: Colon target, Ethyl cellulose, Eudragit L100 and S100, pH dependent polymers.
A Review on Nigella sativa: A Marvel Herb
Authors: Begum Safiya , Mannan Abdul 
Published: June 2020

Nigella sativa (N. sativa) (Family Ranunculaceae) is a widely used medicinal plant throughout the world. It is very popular in various traditional systems of medicine like Unani and Tibb, Ayurveda and Siddha. Seeds and oil have a long history of folklore usage in various systems of medicines and food. The seeds of N. sativa have been widely used in the treatment of different diseases and ailments. In Islamic literature, it is considered as one of the greatest forms of healing medicine. It has been recommended for using on regular basis in Tibb-e-Nabwi (Prophetic Medicine). Nigella sativa and its constitutions including some isolated compounds are the potential sources of remedies of varieties of ailments such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antiprotozoal, antiviral, cytotoxic, anticancer, neuro-, gastro-, cardio-, hetapto- and nephroprotective activities. In addition, the N. sativa implies beneficiary effects on reproductive, pulmonary and immune systems along with diabetes mellitus (DM), fertility, breast cancer, dermatological complications, dehydration, dyspepsia, osmotic balance and so on. Among the other isolated chemical moieties, thymoquinone (TQ) is a good target for its potential antimicrobial, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive, antitumoral and other activities. N. sativa has got the place among the top ranked evidence based herbal medicines. This is also revealed that most of the therapeutic properties of this plant are due to the presence of thymoquinone which is major bioactive component of the essential oil. The present review is an effort to provide a detailed survey of the literature on scientific researches of pharmacognostical characteristics, chemical composition and pharmacological activities of the seeds of this plant.
Keywords: Nigella sativa, Miracle herb, Ranunculaceae, Habat-ul-Sauda, Thymoquinone, Tibb-e-Nabwi, Black seeds, Anti-diabetic, Antioxidant
In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Ruta montana L. Extracts
Authors: Merghem Mounira , Dahamna Saliha 
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activities of Ruta montana L. extracts. This activity was evaluated by three methods : DPPH (2, 2'-diphenyl- 1- picrylhydrazy), bleaching of β-carotene and chelation of ferrous iron. Results showed that ethyl acetate extract (EAE) represents the highest amount of total polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids with 257,1 ± 0,703µg gallic acid equivalent/mg of extract, 251 ± 1.41 µg tannic acid equivalent /mg of extract,117,4 ± 3,451 µg quercetin equivalents/mg of extract, 139,5 ± 4,107 µg rutin equivalents/mg of extract, respectively. In the DPPH assay, ethyl acetate extract showed the higher scavenging capacity (IC50 = 0.044 ± 0.001 mg/ml) followed by methanol, aqueous and chloroform extract. Whereas, AqE showed the best chelating effect and the best inhibitory capacity of the coupled oxidation of linoleic acid/ β-carotene.
Keywords: Ruta montana L; polyphenols; antioxidant activity; free radical scavenging.
Hematological Changes During All trimesters in Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Babker Asaad Ma. , Elnaim Elkhansa Osama Di 
Published: June 2020

Aim: The objective of the study is to evaluate the normal physiological changes in values of major hematological parameters occur during the normal pregnancy
Method: Blood samples (5ml EDTA) were taken voluntarily after consent obtained from from 50 healthy pregnant women from 20 to 40 years old who presented themselves at Khartoum teaching during their regularly follow-up. Questionnaires and direct interview were used to collect demographic and clinical data. CBC and part differential (WBC, RBC, Hb, PCV, and platelets), were measured by Sysmex and the plasma clotting time PT and PTT were measured by coagulometer.
Results: W'BCs mean value was 7.580 cell/mm3, RBCs mean value was 4.1 x l012/L, Hb mean value was 11.79 g/dL, Platelets mean value was 256 x109/L, PT mean value of the study group was 13.40 seconds and PTT mean value was 36.20 seconds.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that no statistical significance in RBCs, HB, platelets. PT and PTT between pregnant women in the three different trimesters while white WBCs count showed different decreased but not statistical significant among the three groups, the highest value was round in the second group followed by the third group and the lowest value found in the first group.
Keywords: Normal pregnancy, Hematological Changes, Pregnancy trimesters
Visual Fixation in NBA Free-Throws and the Relationship to On-Court Performance
Authors: Laby Daniel 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
Although hitting a baseball is often described as the most difficult task in all of sports, shooting baskets during a game likely ranks a close second. Previous studies have described the role of vision in basketball and more specifically a concept termed the “quiet eye” has been shown to be related to basketball performance. How a shooter visualizes the target, how consistent their visual fixation is, and how long they maintain that fixation has been correlated to shooting success. Although the majority of previous reports have included non-professional basketball shooters, we evaluated NBA (National Basketball Association) players to determine if this skill was significant at the professional level.
Materials and Methods
We evaluated 16 professional NBA players prior to the 2018-2019 NBA season. All players shot 30 consecutive free-throws while wearing Tobii Pro eye-tracking glasses. Following the completion of the task, several metrics were calculated including shooting success rate, as well as four measures of the position and duration of ocular fixation just prior to, during, and immediately after ball release for each shot of each player. Additionally, player performance statistics from the 2018-2019 season were recorded and compared to the visual fixation data. Descriptive statistics as well as correlations between the visual fixation metrics and on-court performance metrics were calculated.
Results
NBA shooters averaged a 79% success rate in free throw shooting (SD = 14%, min = 56%, max=100%) during the study. Moderate statistically significant correlations were found between the percentage of successful free throws and the four measures of visual fixation (r=0.539 to 0.687). In addition, visual fixation measures were found to be corelated with on-court metrics suggesting that shooters who had more frequent, as well as longer, fixations on the rim where more likely to have lower USG%, and ORB% as well as higher FG3%. The percentage of successful shots in the study was compared to the on-court FT% and found to be moderately correlated (r=0.536).
Conclusions
The need to maintain ocular fixation on the rim as one shoots seems elementary, but in fact varies greatly among NBA players, as noted in these results. Our data suggests that players who visually fixate longer and more frequently on the rim are more likely to be successful in free throws, as well as more successful in 3-point goals. Likely due to their likely distance from the basket, they do not make as many offensive rebounds. This data set appears to describe basketball guards in contrast to forwards/centers and supports previous research on non-professional basketball players.
Formulation, Evaluation and Optimization of Sublingual Tablet of Clonidine Hcl
Authors: Ashok Mahajan  , Parmar Jayendra  , Priyal Patel  , Shailesh Koradiya  , Falgun Mehta  
Published: June 2020

Clonidine hydrochloride (CHL) is a centrally acting alpha two adrenergic agonist. It crosses the blood brain barrier and acts in hypothalamus to induce a decrease in blood pressure. The objective of the present study was to develop and evaluate sublingual tablet of Clonidine Hcl for rapid action and to improve patient compliance to therapy. Wet granulation method was used to prepare sublingual tablet of Clonidine HCL. 32 factorial designs were used to study the effect of binder concentration on dependent variables such as friability disintegration time and wetting time. The prepared formulations were evaluated for various parameters such diameter, thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, wetting time, drug content, in vitro disintegration time and stability studies Results (Hausner’s ratio 1.24, Carrs index less than 13% and angle of repose 29? ) revealed that all pre compression parameters meet the standard values indicating good flow properties. The average weight, friability and hardness were within compendial limits which showed that all formulations possessed good mechanical strength. The formulation F8 containing 5 % binder and 6 % disintegrant showed minimum disintegration time and wetting time, good friability, drug content and rapid drug release. Prepared sublingual tablets of Clonidine Hcl, were able to provide rapid drug release (94% drug release in 10 minutes) which is a prerequisite for the treatment of hypertension.
The impact of manager’s experiences in entrepreneurship evidence from Kosovo SME’s
Authors: DURGUTI Esat , Krasniqi Enver , Krasniqi Dea 
Published: June 2020

This research accords with a detailed overview of management in general regarding SME growth development in Kosovo. So, it deals with the main factors such as the main components of management and its impact on the success and development, the techniques, and the approaches to assess the SME economic system and their development. There is no unique model which explains the managing or manager's experience and firm growth in the complexion of management theories. We have also pointed out the life cycle phases of firms that are not constructed on economic theory but have received considerable attention from managerial theories of enterprises. So, chronologically was analyzed SME development in general, given that Kosovo has a liberal trade regime characterized by simplicity and neutrality of business or SME registration. In our data analysis, we applied Cronbach's alpha for reliability analysis and linear regression. The findings of the paper show that two main topics are management experience and the growth of the sector where they operate has a significant impact. The revision opens a challenge besides wide-ranging debate taking place entrepreneurship and supervision skills in Kosovo. However, this examination has to do with evidence in Kosovo and cannot be generalized to all countries. This investigation is one of the rare researches in this field in Kosovo, which deals with the topic of SME development. This treatment approach should be used by applying dynamic approaches as well as other factors.