bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid features and optimization‐driven recurrent neural network for glaucoma detection
Authors: Ajesh F. , Ravi R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlaucoma is considered as the main source of irrevocable loss of vision. The earlier diagnosis of glaucoma is essential to provide earlier treatment and to reduce vision loss. The fundus images are transfigured in the ophthalmology and are used to visualize the structures of the optic disc. However, accuracy is considered as a major constraint. To increase accuracy, an effective optimization‐driven classifier is developed for glaucoma detection. The proposed Jaya‐chicken swarm optimization (Jaya‐CSO) is employed for training the recurrent neural network (RNN) for glaucoma detection. The proposed Jaya‐CSO is designed by integrating the Jaya algorithm with the chicken swarm optimization (CSO) technique for tuning the weights of the RNN classifier. The method utilized optic disc features, statistical features, and blood vessel features for the determination of the glaucomatous region. The features obtained from the optic disc, blood vessels, and the fundus image is formulated as a feature vector. Finally, the glaucoma classification is done using RNN using the feature vector such that the RNN is trained using the proposed Jaya‐CSO. The proposed Jaya‐CSO outperformed other existing models with maximal accuracy of 0.97, the specificity of 0.97, and sensitivity of 0.97, respectively.
Detection of a novel mutation in a Tunisian child with polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Abdelwahed Mayssa , Hilbert Pascale , Ahmed Asma , Dey Mouna , Kamoun Hassen , Ammar‐Keskes Leila , Belguith Neïla 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAutosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the most common monogenic disease that has an adverse impact on the patients' health and quality of life. ADPKD is usually known as “adult‐type disease,” but rare cases have been reported in pediatric patients. We present here a 2‐year‐old Tunisian girl with renal cyst formation and her mother with adult onset ADPKD. Disease‐causing mutation has been searched in PKD1 and PKD2 using Long‐Range and PCR followed by sequencing. Molecular sequencing displayed us to identify a novel likely pathogenic mutation (c.696 T > G; p.C232W, exon 5) in PKD1. The identified PKD1 mutation is inherited and unreported variant, which can alter the formation of intramolecular disulfide bonds essential for polycystin‐1 function. We report here the first mutational study in pediatric patient with ADPKD in Tunisia.
A novel process of anodic water denitrification in an upflow tubular microbial fuel cell: effect of C/N ratio
Authors: Davarpanah Leila , Sarbisheh Farimah , Sharghi Elham Abdollahzadeh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDA high nitrate concentration in groundwater in some parts of Iran has been detected due to untreated wastewater discharge and agriculture activities. Therefore, the development of treatment technology in this area using a new biological method was carried out.RESULTSActivated sludge originating from slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plants and immobilized on graphite granules exhibited noticeable denitrification activity in a double chamber upflow tubular microbial fuel cell (UTMFC). The effects of three C/N values at different initial nitrate concentrations and external resistances on nitrate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies as well as cell performance were studied at a fixed hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 h. Based on nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA, four bacterial strains from anodic biofilm were also identified. The UTMFC operated in a continuous mode with C/N values of 20 and 10 was able to denitrify up to 150 mg L–1 nitrate without more accumulation of nitrite and ammonium ions than is permitted for drinking water. The maximum nitrate removal capacity of 0.25 ± 0.01 kg NO3−‐N/ (m3 net anodic compartment ‘NAC’.day) was achieved at 400 mg L–1 initial nitrate concentration and at C/N = 10. Additionally, the maximum current density and power generation at this ratio were found to be 46.04 A m–3 NAC and 16.96 W/m3 NAC, respectively. No efficient denitrification was observed at C/N = 5 while nitrite/ammonium formation increased.CONCLUSIONThe experimental data documented the feasibility of bioelectricity generation and substrate removal utilizing acetate containing water under the adopted operating conditions of UTMFC, and the proposed system allowed the simultaneous heterotrophic denitrification/electricity generation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
A phase congruency‐based green fluorescent protein and phase contrast image fusion method in nonsubsampled shearlet transform domain
Authors: Tang Wei , Liu Yu , Cheng Juan , Li Chang , Peng Hu , Chen Xun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractImage fusion technique is an effective way to merge the information contained in different imaging modalities by generating a more informative composite image. Fusion of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and phase contrast images is of great significance to the subcellular localization, the functional analysis of protein, and the expression of gene. In this article, a phase congruency (PC)‐based GFP and phase contrast image fusion method in nonsubsampled shearlet transform (NSST) domain is presented. The input images are decomposed by the NSST to acquire the multiscale and multidirection representations. The high‐frequency coefficients are fused with a strategy based on PC and parameter‐adaptive pulse coupled neural network (PA‐PCNN), while the low‐frequency coefficients are integrated through a local energy (LE)‐based rule. Finally, the fused image is generated by conducting the inverse NSST on the merged high‐ and low‐frequency coefficients. Experimental results illustrate that the presented method outperforms several state‐of‐the‐art GFP and phase contrast image fusion algorithms on both qualitative and quantitative assessments.
Bighorn Sheep Genetic Structure in Wyoming Reflects Geography and Management
Authors: Love Stowell Sierra M. , Gagne Roderick B. , McWhirter Doug , Edwards William , Ernest Holly B. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTAligning wildlife management boundaries with accurate biological units promotes effective conservation and management practices that reflect ecological and evolutionary processes. Neutral genetic markers allow for quantitative delineation of population structure without a priori assumptions or biases. In the United States, bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) are a charismatic component of Wyoming's biodiversity and a species that provides important viewing and hunting opportunities. Bighorn sheep abundances are relatively stable throughout Wyoming, and the species is managed by administrative units identified using expert knowledge, distribution and movement data, and geographic and administrative boundaries. We used a panel of 38 variable microsatellite loci and 512 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA sequence to identify the genetic structure throughout the state and in translocation source herds, quantify the extent of genetic diversity within each genetic cluster, and estimate the degree of gene flow among herds using blood and tissue samples collected 1989–2017. We identified genetic structure of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep in the major mountain ranges of Wyoming, with strong support for ≥5 genetic clusters using microsatellite loci. These genetic clusters generally aligned with current management units, whereas mitochondrial data showed a more complex mosaic that was not geographically patterned. Genetic variation estimated from both markers was high within each herd and comparable among herds. The assignment of individuals reflected a combination of geographic isolation and translocation, which has been extensive. Our results provide a state‐wide assessment of genetic diversity and structure that will enhance management by understanding the outcomes of translocation, identifying the source of unknown individuals, and parameterizing disease ecology models. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Temperature‐dependent rate coefficients for the gas‐phase OH + furan‐2,5‐dione (C4H2O3, maleic anhydride) reaction
Authors: Chattopadhyay Aparajeo , Papadimitriou Vassileios C. , Marshall Paul , Burkholder James B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRate coefficients, k1(T), for the gas‐phase reaction of the OH radical with furan‐2,5‐dione (maleic anhydride (MA), C4H2O3), a biomass burning related compound, were measured under pseudo–first‐order conditions in OH using the pulsed laser photolysis–laser‐induced fluorescence method over a range of temperature (283‐374 K) and bath gas pressure (50‐200 Torr; He or N2). k1(T) was found to be independent of pressure over this range with k1(283‐374 K) = (1.55 ± 0.20) × 10−12 exp[(−410 ± 44)/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and k1(296 K) = (3.93 ± 0.28) × 10−13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, where the uncertainties are 2σ and the preexponential term includes the estimated systematic error. The atmospheric lifetime of MA with respect to OH reactive loss is estimated to be ∼15 days. The present results are compared with a previous room temperature relative rate study of the OH + MA reaction, and the significant discrepancy between the studies is discussed; the present results are approximately a factor of 4 lower. It is also noteworthy that the experimentally measured k1(296 K) value obtained in this work is nearly a factor of 110 less than estimated by a structure activity relationship based on trends in ionization potential. Based in part on a computational evaluation, an atmospheric degradation mechanism of MA is proposed.
Association Between Breathing Route, Oxygen Desaturation, and Upper Airway Morphology
Authors: Hsu Yen‐Bin , Lan Ming‐Ying , Huang Yun‐Chen , Kao Ming‐Chang , Lan Ming‐Chin 
Published: May 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThis study aimed to assess the role of capnography in objectively evaluating breathing routes during drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) and further elucidate the relationship between breathing route, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity, and DISE findings.Study DesignProspective observational study.MethodsNighty‐five patients with established OSA were recruited for this study from May 2017 to May 2019. DISE was performed in the operating room. Sedation was maintained with propofol using a target‐controlled infusion system and the depth of sedation was monitored based on the bispectral index. The breathing routes, which included oral breathing, oronasal breathing, and nasal breathing, were detected using capnography. DISE findings were recorded using the VOTE (velum, oropharynx, base of tongue, and epiglottis) classification.ResultsPatients with mouth breathing were associated with increased OSA severity, worse oximetric variables, and higher body mass index in comparison with those with other breathing routes. Mouth breathing was associated with a higher degree and higher prevalence of lateral pharyngeal wall collapse and tongue base collapse during DISE.ConclusionsMouth breathing was significantly associated with worse oxygen desaturation and increased degree of upper airway collapse. Therefore, patients with mouth breathing during propofol‐based intravenous anesthesia should be carefully monitored.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E659–E664, 2021
Trends in Oyster Populations in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico: An Assessment of River Discharge and Fishing Effects over Time and Space
Authors: Moore J. F. , Pine W. E. , Frederick P.C. , Beck S. , Moreno M. , Dodrill M. J. , Boone M. , Sturmer L. , Yurek S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Within the Big Bend region of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, one of the least developed coastlines in the continental USA, intertidal and subtidal populations of eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica (hereafter referred to as “oyster”) are a critical ecosystem and important economic constituent. We assessed trends in intertidal oyster populations, river discharge, and commercial fishing activity in the Suwannee River estuary within the Big Bend region using fisheries-independent data from irregular monitoring efforts and publicly available environmental data. We used generalized linear models to evaluate counts of oysters from line-transect surveys over time and space. We assessed model performance using simulation to understand potential bias and then evaluated whether these counts were related to freshwater inputs from the Suwannee River and commercial oyster fishing effort and landings at different time lags. We found that intertidal oyster counts have declined over time and that most of these declines are found in inshore intertidal oyster bars, which are becoming degraded. We also found a significant relationship between oyster counts and a 1-year lag on mean daily Suwannee River discharge, but including commercial fishery trips or landings did not improve model fit. It is unclear whether declines in intertidal oyster bars are offset by formation of new oyster reefs elsewhere. These results quantify rapid declines in intertidal oyster reefs in a region of coastline with high conservation value that can be used to inform ongoing and proposed restoration projects in the region.
A Monte Carlo‐based analytic model of neutron dose equivalent for a mevion gantry‐mounted passively scattered proton system for craniospinal irradiation
Authors: Baradaran‐Ghahfarokhi Milad , Reynoso Francisco , Sun Baozhou , Darafsheh Arash , Prusator Michael T. , Mutic Sasa , Zhao Tianyu 
Published: May 2020

PurposeTo calculate in‐ and out‐of‐field neutron spectra and dose equivalent, using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, for a Mevion gantry‐mounted passively scattered proton system in craniospinal irradiation. An analytical model based on the MC calculations that estimates in‐ and out‐of‐field neutron dose equivalent from proton Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) was also developed.MethodsThe MCNPX MC code was used to simulate a Mevion S250 proton therapy system. The simulated proton depth doses and profiles for pristine and spread‐out Bragg peaks were benchmarked against the measured data. Previous measurements using extended‐range Bonner spheres were used to verify the calculated neutron spectra and dose equivalent. Using the benchmarked results as a reference condition, a correction‐based analytical model was reconstructed by fitting the data to derive model parameters at 95% confidence interval. Sensitivity analysis of brass aperture opening, thickness of the Lucite (PMMA) range compensator, and modulation width was performed to obtain correction parameters for nonreference conditions.ResultsFor the neutron dose equivalent per therapeutic proton dose, the MCNPX calculated dose equivalent matched the measured values to within 8%. The benchmarked neutron dose equivalent at the isocenter was 41.2 and 20.8 mSv/Gy, for cranial and spinal fields, respectively. For in‐ and out‐of‐field neutron dose calculations, the correction‐based analytical model showed up to 17% discrepancy compared to the MC calculations. The correction factors may provide a conservative estimation of neutron dose, especially for depth ≤ 5 cm and regions underneath the brass aperture.ConclusionThe proposed analytical model can be used to estimate the contribution of the neutron dose to the overall CSI treatment dose. Moreover, the model can be employed to estimate the neutron dose to the implantable cardiac electronic devices.
Evaluation of a deep learning‐based computer‐aided diagnosis system for distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules in ultrasound images
Authors: Sun Chao , Zhang Yukang , Chang Qing , Liu Tianjiao , Zhang Shaohang , Wang Xi , Guo Qianqian , Yao Jinpeng , Sun Weidong , Niu Lijuan 
Published: May 2020

PurposeComputer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) systems assist in solving subjective diagnosis problems that typically rely on personal experience. A CAD system has been developed to differentiate malignant thyroid nodules from benign thyroid nodules in ultrasound images based on deep learning methods. The diagnostic performance was compared between the CAD system and the experienced attending radiologists.MethodsThe ultrasound image dataset for training the CAD system included 651 malignant nodules and 386 benign nodules while the database for testing included 422 malignant nodules and 128 benign nodules. All the nodules were confirmed by pathology results. In the proposed CAD system, a support vector machine (SVM) is used for classification and fused features which combined the deep features extracted by a convolutional neural network (CNN) with the hand‐crafted features such as the histogram of oriented gradient (HOG), local binary patterns (LBP), and scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) were obtained. The optimal feature subset was formed by selecting these fused features based on the maximum class separation distance and used as the training sample for the SVM.ResultsThe accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the CAD system were 92.5%, 96.4%, and 83.1%, respectively, which were higher than those of the experienced attending radiologists. The areas under the ROC curves of the CAD system and the attending radiologists were 0.881 and 0.819, respectively.ConclusionsThe CAD system for thyroid nodules exhibited a better diagnostic performance than experienced attending radiologists. The CAD system could be a reliable supplementary tool to diagnose thyroid nodules using ultrasonography. Macroscopic features in ultrasound images, such as the margins and shape of thyroid nodules, could influence the diagnostic efficiency of the CAD system.
The prognostic strength of serum LDH and serum ferritin in children with neuroblastoma: A report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) project
Authors: Moroz Veronica , Machin David , Hero Barbara , Ladenstein Ruth , Berthold Frank , Kao Paige , Obeng Yaa , Pearson Andrew D.J. , Cohn Susan L. , London Wendy B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeAge,MYCNstatus, stage, and histology have been used as neuroblastoma (NB) risk factors for decades. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum ferritin are reproducible, easily obtained, and prognostic, though never used in risk stratification, except one German trial. We analyzed the prognostic strength of LDH and ferritin, overall, within high‐risk NB, and by era, using the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Data Commons.Patients and methodsChildren with NB (1990‐2016) were categorized into LDH (n = 8867) and ferritin (n = 8575) risk groups using EFS. Cox models compared the prognostic strength of LDH and ferritin to age,MYCNstatus, and INSS stage.ResultsHigher LDH conferred worse EFS, overall (5‐year EFS) (100‐899 IU/L: 76 ± 0.6%; 0‐99 or 900‐1399 IU/L: 60 ± 1.2%; ≥1400 IU/L: 36 ± 1.2%;P < .0001), and in high‐risk NB post‐2009 (3‐year EFS) (117‐381 IU/L: 67 ± 8.9%; 382‐1334 IU/L: 58 ± 4.4%; 0‐116 or ≥1335 IU/L: 46 ± 3.9%;P = .003). Higher ferritin conferred worse EFS, overall (5‐year EFS) (1‐29 ng/mL: 87 ± 0.9%; 0 or 30‐89 ng/mL: 74 ± 0.8%; ≥90 ng/mL: 48 ± 0.9%;P < .0001), and in high‐risk NB post‐2009 (3‐year EFS) (1‐53 ng/mL: 71 ± 9.3%; 0 or 54‐354 ng/mL: 55 ± 4.7%; ≥355 ng/mL: 34 ± 6.1%;P = .0008). In multivariable analyses adjusting for age,MYCN, and stage, LDH and ferritin maintained independent prognostic ability (P < .0001; adjusted HRs (95% CI): 1.7 (1.5‐1.9), 2.3 (2.0‐2.7), respectively).ConclusionsLDH and ferritin are strongly prognostic in NB, overall and within high‐risk NB patients treated post‐2009 with modern therapy. LDH and ferritin show promise for (a) identifying ultra‐high‐risk; (b) refining risk stratification; and (c) clinical utility in low‐/middle‐income countries. Routine collection of LDH and ferritin should be reinitiated for evolving NB risk stratification.
Acute Fifth Metatarsal Tuberosity Fractures: A Systematic Review of Nonoperative Treatment
Authors: Khan Shawn , Axelrod Daniel , Paul Ryan , Catapano Michael , Stephen David , Henry Patrick , Wasserstein David 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveAcute metatarsal fractures are a common lower extremity injury. Although surgery may be recommended in specific cases, most are treated nonoperatively. Treatment protocols vary significantly among practitioners, with no consensus on the most efficacious approach. This systematic review aims to identify the effect of treatment protocols on union rate and functional outcome after an acute fifth metatarsal tuberosity fracture.Literature SurveyMultiple databases, including CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane CEntral Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched from database inception to March 4, 2018 to identify clinical studies addressing nonoperative management of metatarsal fractures reporting nonunion, pain, and/or length of recovery.MethodologyTwo reviewers independently completed title, abstract, and full‐text screening. Data abstraction was completed in duplicate. Outcome measures and complications were descriptively analyzed.SynthesisA total of 1941 studies were eligible for screening. Seven studies (four randomized controlled trials and three prospective cohort studies) satisfied inclusion criteria. This resulted in a total of 388 patient with acute fifth metatarsal tuberosity fractures in 12 different treatment arms, with the most common treatment including plaster casting (7). The mean age was 42 years (27 to 56 years), and the overall nonunion rate was low (1.1%). Four unique functional scores were reported across all studies, and all showed good to excellent short‐term results. The overall qualities of studies were moderate, with particular limitations in randomization and concealment allocation.ConclusionMost acute fifth metatarsal tuberosity fractures heal well, with good‐to‐excellent functional outcomes with nonoperative treatment, regardless of technique. We recommend a conservative rehabilitation framework, including 2 to 3 weeks of immobilization in a walking cast, followed by gradual increase in activity and strengthening until clinical union is achieved.
These motors were made for walking
Authors: Hunter Byron , Allingham John S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractKinesins are a diverse group of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐dependent motor proteins that transport cargos along microtubules (MTs) and change the organization of MT networks. Shared among all kinesins is a ~40 kDa motor domain that has evolved an impressive assortment of motility and MT remodeling mechanisms as a result of subtle tweaks and edits within its sequence. Several elegant studies of different kinesin isoforms have exposed the purpose of structural changes in the motor domain as it engages and leaves the MT. However, few studies have compared the sequences and MT contacts of these kinesins systematically. Along with clever strategies to trap kinesin–tubulin complexes for X‐ray crystallography, new advancements in cryo‐electron microscopy have produced a burst of high‐resolution structures that show kinesin–MT interfaces more precisely than ever. This review considers the MT interactions of kinesin subfamilies that exhibit significant differences in speed, processivity, and MT remodeling activity. We show how their sequence variations relate to their tubulin footprint and, in turn, how this explains the molecular activities of previously characterized mutants. As more high‐resolution structures become available, this type of assessment will quicken the pace toward establishing each kinesin's design–function relationship.