bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Tanycytes in the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis and
the Possibilities for Their Genetic Manipulation
Authors: Müller-Fielitz Helge , Schwaninger Markus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThyroid hormone (TH) regulation is important for development, energy homeostasis,
heart function, and bone formation. To control the effects of TH in target
organs, the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and the tissue-specific
availability of TH are highly regulated by negative feedback. To exert a central
feedback, TH must enter the brain via specific transport mechanisms and cross
the blood-brain barrier. Here, tanycytes, which are located in the ventral walls
of the 3rd ventricle in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), function as
gatekeepers. Tanycytes are able to transport, sense, and modify the release of
hormones of the HPT axis and are involved in feedback regulation. In this
review, we focus on the relevance of tanycytes in thyrotropin-releasing hormone
(TRH) release and review available genetic tools to investigate the
physiological functions of these cells.
Radiographic and Computed Tomography Correlation of Kienböck's Disease: Is There a Need to Revisit Staging with Improved Imaging?
Authors: Mohan Arvind , Knight Richard , Ismail Hiba , Trail Ian A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCarpal height ratio and ulnar variance on plain X-ray were measured and compared to the width/height ratio of the lunate as measured on a computed tomography (CT) scan in 50 patients with Kienböck's disease. Width/height ratio of the lunate was also measured in a series of 50 controls. No correlation between ulnar variance and fractures was found. Conversely, the correlation between carpal height ratio on X-ray and width/height ratio on a CT scan was statistically significant. Similarly, the correlation between ulnar variance and width/height ratio was statistically significant. We have concluded that width/height ratio while correlating with carpal height is a better measure of lunate collapse. It also appeared that lunate collapse precedes carpal collapse, specifically most if not all lunates have collapsed prior to reduction in carpal height ratio. Finally, while we are unable to conclude the level at which the width/height ratio of lunate becomes unreconstructable, it does appear that in all Litchman stage 3b and most if not all of 3a the shape of the lunate has altered significantly.
Intracardiac Metastasis from a Large Cell Neuroendocrine Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Gaisendrees Christopher , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Mader Navid , Wahlers Thorsten C. W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrimary malignant tumors of the heart are rare; the biggest group is sarcomas. Cardiac metastases make up the biggest group of secondary cardiac tumors. We present a rare case of cardiac metastasis (3.1 × 3.2 × 2.8 cm) localized in the right atrium, originating from a large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma, with close contact to the tricuspid valve and inferior cava vein.
Lung Contusion in Polytrauma: An Analysis of the TraumaRegister DGU
Authors: Schulz-Drost Stefan , Finkbeiner Rebekka , Lefering Rolf , Grosso Marco , Krinner Sebastian , Langenbach Andreas ,   the TraumaRegister DGU
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground Thorax trauma frequently occurs in which injuries to the bony chest, lung contusions (LCs), and others are diagnosed. The significance of this violation is described very differently and is mostly based on monocentric data.Methods A retrospective analysis of the TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU) dataset (Project 2014–062) was performed between 2009 and 2014 (injury severity score [ISS] ≥ 16, primary admission to a trauma center, no isolated traumatic brain injury). Patients with LC (Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] 3 + 4) were compared with the control group, and an analysis of different age groups was performed.Results A total of 49,567 patients were included, thereunder 14,521 (29.3%) without relevant thoracic trauma (TT); 95.9% blunt traumas. 18,892 patients (38.1%) had LC and 14,008 (28.3%) had severe LC with AIS 3 + 4; thereunder 72.7% males. For severe LC, the average age was the lowest (44.7 ± 19.7 years) and ISS the highest (30.4 ± 12.1 points).Intubation, intensive care, (multi-) organ failure, sepsis, and extrathoracic injuries were most common in severe LC. Shock, chest tubes, further thoracic injuries, and patient death occurred most frequently in TT without LC.Younger patients showed a higher incidence of LC than the older ones; however, high patient age was a highly significant risk factor for the development of complications and poor outcome.Conclusion Since LC was present in almost 40% of the severely injured and was related to higher morbidity, LC should be detected and managed at the earliest possible time. Proper follow-ups employing chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are recommended.
Preliminary Use of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography and Value in Predicting the Vascular Supply of Tissues Needed to Perform Cloacal, Anorectal Malformation, and Hirschsprung Reconstructions
Authors: Rentea Rebecca Maria , Halleran Devin R. , Ahmad Hira , Sanchez Alejandra Vilanova , Gasior Alessandra C. , McCracken Katherine , Hewitt Geri D. , Alexander Victoria , Smith Caitlin , Weaver Laura , Wood Richard J. , Levitt Marc A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction Reconstructive techniques for cloaca, anorectal malformations (ARM), and Hirschsprung disease (HD) may require intestinal flaps on vascular pedicles for vaginal reconstruction and/or colonic pull-throughs. Visual assessment of tissue perfusion is typically the only modality used. We investigated the utility of intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) and hypothesized that it would be more accurate than the surgeon's eye.
Materials and Methods Thirteen consecutive patients undergoing cloacal reconstruction (9), HD (3), and ARM repair (1) underwent ICG-FA laser SPY imaging to assess colonic, rectal, vaginal, and neovaginal tissue perfusion following intraoperative visual clinical assessment. Operative findings were correlated with healing at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year postoperatively.
Results ICG-FA resulted in a change in the operative plan in 4 of the 13 (31%) cases. In three cases, ICG-FA resulted in the distal bowel being transected at a level (>10 cm) higher than originally planned, and in one case the distal bowel was discarded, and the colostomy used for pull-through.
Conclusion ICG-FA correctly identified patients who might have developed a complication from poor tissue perfusion. Employing this technology to assess rectal or neovaginal pull-throughs in cloacal reconstructions, complex HD, and ARM cases may be a valuable technology.
Management of Laryngotracheal Stenosis: A 10-Year Study on the Role of Stents
Authors: Arunachalam Ravikumar , Kumar Saravanam Prasanna 
Published: December 2019

Introduction
Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is mostly due to road traffic accidents, prolonged intubation, and tracheostomy.

Objectives
This study focused on a 10-year experience on the role of stents in the management of LTS in a tertiary referral hospital. The aims of this study were to study the internal dimensions of the subglottis and upper trachea in the Indian adult population; to study the mucosal response to injury to the subglottis and the trachea; and to develop an ideal stent for use in LTS in a rabbit model.

Materials and Methods
The authors have been treating patients with LTS since 2000. The present study deals with the experience of 82 cases of LTS treated over the past 10 years using stents as well as surgical procedures such as Shiann Yann Lee tracheoplasty and tracheal resection and anastomosis. The work also involved a focused research on LTS using rabbits by inducing injury to the mucosa of the upper trachea and subglottis and histological study of the response to injury. The study led to the development of new indigenous stent for use in rabbits to prevent LTS. This stent has been patented.

Statistical Analysis
The study of the subglottis and upper tracheal discussion have been analyzed and proved that the dimension in the Indian adult population was smaller than in Caucasians. The mucosal inflammation following injury at the subglottis and upper trachea can be reversed by topical application of triamcinolone, which was better than Mitomycin on statistical analysis.

Results
The quality of life measured after treatment of LTS using stents and other methods of reconstructive surgery has given an overall benefit of 90% with no mortality.

Conclusion
LTS is a preventable disease. It can be prevented by proper care of patients in ICU and correct technique of endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy. Further, it can be avoided using medications during extubation and proper decannulation protocol. The silastic “T” tube stents are useful to improve the quality of life in these patients.
Applications of Nanotechnology in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Stroke
Authors: Landowski Lila M. , Niego Be'eri , Sutherland Brad A. , Hagemeyer Christoph E. , Howells David W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The classification of stroke subtypes is difficult but critical for the prediction of clinical course and patient management, and limited treatment options are available. There is an urgent need for improvements in both diagnosis and therapy. Strokes have rapidly evolving phases of damage involving unique compartments of the brain, which imposes severe limitations for current diagnostic and treatment procedures. The rapid development of nanotechnology in other areas of modern medicine has ignited a widespread interest in its potential for the field of stroke. An important feature of nanoparticles is the relative ease in which their structures and surface chemistries can be modified for specific and potentially multiple, simultaneous purposes. Nanoparticles can be synthesized to carry and deliver therapeutics to specific cellular or subcellular compartments; they can be engineered to provide enhanced contrast for imaging based on the detection of changes in the blood flow; or possess ligand-specific chemistries which can facilitate diagnosis and monitor the treatment response. More specifically for a stroke, nanoparticles can be engineered to release their payload in response to the distinct extracellular processes occurring around the clot and in the ischemic penumbra, as well as aid in the detection of pathological hallmarks present at various stages of stroke progression. These capacities allow targeted release of disease-modifying agents in the affected brain tissue, increasing treatment efficacy, and limiting unwanted side effects. While nanospheres, liposomes, and mesoporous nanostructures all emerge as future prospects for stroke treatment and diagnosis, much of this potential is yet to be clinically realized. This review outlines aspects of nanotechnology identified as having potential to revolutionize the field of stroke.
Finite Element Analysis of Six Transcortical Pin Parameters and Their Effect on Bone–Pin Interface Stresses in the Equine Third Metacarpal Bone
Authors: Lescun Timothy B. , Adams Stephen B. , Main Russell P. , Nauman Eric A. , Breur Gert J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective The objectives of this study were to validate a finite element model of the equine distal limb transfixation cast and to determine the effect of six transcortical pin parameters on bone–pin interface (BPI) stresses in the third metacarpal bone.
Study Design A transfixation cast finite element model was developed from a computed tomography scan of the third metacarpal bone and modelled pin elements. The model was validated by comparing strain measured around a 6.3-mm transfixation pin in the third metacarpal bone with the finite element model. The pin parameters of diameter, number, location, spacing, orientation and material were evaluated by comparing a variety of pin configurations within the model.
Results Pin diameter and number had the greatest impact on BPI stress. Increasing the diameter and number of pins resulted in lower BPI stresses. Diaphyseal pin location and stainless-steel pins had lower BPI stresses than metaphyseal location and titanium alloy pins, respectively. Offset pin orientation and pin spacing had minimal impact on BPI stresses during axial loading.
Conclusion The results provide evidence that diameter and number are the main pin parameters affecting BPI stress in an equine distal limb transfixation cast. Configurations of various pin size and number may be proposed to reduce BPI stresses and minimize the risk of pin related complications. Further refinement of these models will be required to optimize pin configurations to account for pin hole size and its impact on overall bone strength.
Immature Platelets As a Predictor of Disease Severity and Mortality in Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thorup Christian Velling , Christensen Steffen , Hvas Anne-Mette 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSepsis is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and short-term mortality remains above 30% despite relevant supportive and antibiotic treatments. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize and discuss the current evidence of the association of an increased number of circulating immature platelets with disease severity and mortality in patients with sepsis or septic shock. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and was registered at the PROSPERO database (registration number: CRD42018104326). A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase on June 20, 2018, without time restrictions. The included studies were quality-assessed by the National Institutes of Health's Quality Assessment Tools. In total, 14 studies were included. The parameters used for the determination of platelet maturity were mean platelet volume, immature platelets fraction, reticulated platelet percentage, and absolute immature platelets count. Nine studies reported significantly increased immature platelet markers in nonsurvivors of septic shock compared with survivors, as well as in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock compared with patients without severe sepsis and septic shock. Six of these nine studies demonstrated that increased immature platelet markers were predictors of mortality and/or disease severity (area under the receiver operating curve: 0.599–0.886). This review suggests that an increased number of circulating immature platelets is associated with increased disease severity and mortality in patients with sepsis and septic shock. Larger studies are needed to confirm whether immature platelets should be routinely monitored to support the prediction of disease severity and mortality in septic patients.
Hemostatic Management of Extracorporeal Circuits Including Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Fang Zhe Amy , Navaei Amir Hassan , Hensch Lisa , Hui Shiu-Ki Rocky , Teruya Jun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCardiopulmonary bypass and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) cause hemostatic derangements that can predispose patients to both bleeding and thrombotic complications. Often, patients present for urgent surgery while taking medications including antiplatelet agents, vitamin K antagonists, and direct oral anticoagulants, which must be recognized, monitored, and managed. During extracorporeal circulation, appropriate anticoagulation, most commonly with heparin, is required to maintain blood flow and avoid thrombotic complications. However, anticoagulation and other effects of extracorporeal circuits can also have an undesired consequence of bleeding. Extracorporeal circulation leads to coagulopathy that may require therapy with blood products such as platelets, cryoprecipitate, and plasma in case a patient bleeds. Platelet dysfunction related to exposure to a foreign circuit is a primary concern, as is the development of acquired von Willebrand syndrome, which frequently remains undetected on routine testing. Hemorrhagic complications in ECMO, such as intracranial hemorrhage, pulmonary hemorrhage, and hemithorax, can occur. Hemostatic agents including antifibrinolytics, desmopressin, fibrinogen concentrates, and other factor concentrates may be needed to achieve hemostasis in these often-challenging patients. Managing bleeding on extracorporeal support requires careful monitoring and a thoughtful approach.
Outcomes of Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction in Hypercoagulable Patients
Authors: Nguyen Trang T. , Egan Katie G. , Crowe Danielle L. , Nazir Niaman , Przylecki Wojciech H. , Andrews Brian T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Inherited coagulopathies and previous thrombotic events are often considered relative contraindications to microvascular reconstruction. We hypothesize that with planning, head and neck microvascular reconstruction can be successfully performed in hypercoagulable individuals.
Methods A retrospective review was conducted of subjects with coagulopathies or previous thrombotic events who underwent microvascular head and neck reconstruction. Outcomes studied were “flap-related complications” (arterial/venous compromise or flap loss) and “patient-related complications” (hematoma, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, infection, stroke, or death).
Results One hundred thirty-four microvascular flaps were performed in 117 subjects. Twenty-four subjects (20.5%) had a preoperative hypercoagulable condition and underwent 28 microvascular reconstructions. Twenty-three of 24 subjects had a previous thrombotic event, with five subjects identified with an inherited or acquired coagulopathy. All microvascular reconstructions were successful; however, complications occurred in 12 of 28 reconstructions (42.9%). Complications were “flap related” in four reconstructions (14.3%), “patient related” in nine reconstructions (32.1%), and both in one reconstruction (3.6%). Flap-related complications included small partial flap loss (n = 2), arterial compromise (n = 1), and venous compromise (n = 1), with all undergoing successful salvage. Patient-related complications included hematoma (n = 3), pulmonary embolism (n = 2), infection (n = 2), deep venous thrombosis (n = 1), and death (n = 1). Statistical analysis demonstrated that complications were more common in subjects with inferior vena cava filters (p = 0.06) and hematomas were associated with the use of therapeutic heparin infusion (p = 0.04).
Conclusion Microvascular head and neck reconstruction can be successfully performed in hypercoagulable subjects. However, patient-related complications remain a concern in these subjects.
Histopathological analysis of the inflammatory response of two invasive techniques in the calcaneal tendon of a mouse
Authors: F. Medina i Mirapeix , JA García Vidal , P. Escolar Reina , CM Martínez Cáceres 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background and Aim Percutaneous needle electrolysis (PNE) is a therapeutic tool which has demonstrated its effectiveness of the treatment of tendinopathies and muscle problems. Previous authors have based the therapeutic effect of the same on the ability to provoke an important inflammatory response. However, there is a scarcity of basic research directed at understanding its effects on a cellular and histological level. The aim of this study was to histopathologically compare the inflammatory response provoked by PNE versus dry needling (DN) in a healthy animal model.
Material and Methods For the proposed study aim a murine model was used with a total of 18 C57BL/6J mice. All animals received an application of DN in the left common calcaneal tendon, whereas on the right, treatment with PNE was applied (3 impacts of 3mA during 3 seconds). Groups of animals were sacrificed at 3, 7 and 15 days to evaluate the histopathological evolution of the lesions. Samples of the common calcaneal tendon were taken and fixed in commercial formalin at 4% tamponed during 24 hours, processed and included in paraffin blocks. Sections of 3 microns thick were performed which were dyed with hematoxylin-eosin for conventional histopathological examination.
Results Dry needling of the common calcaneal tendon induced the presence of an acute inflammatory infiltrate (characterized by the presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages) in the peritenon and adjacent fat tissue which was detectable after the third day, and which was most notable on days 7 and 14. The application of PNE induced a pattern with a similar behavior, however on day 14, the inflammatory infiltrate of PNE was more evident compared with DN.
Conclusion The proposed in vivo murine model has been useful for the study of the first phases of the regeneration process induced by both techniques. The histopathological results show that PNE generates a superior stimulus compared to DN on day 14.
Vasodilation secondary to exposure to galvanic currents
Authors: R. Margalef , F. Minaya Muñoz , F. Valera Garrido , MM Santafe 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background The action of galvanic currents (GC) includes the generation of vasoactive substances such as, for example the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor, VEGFR-2.
Aim To evaluate modifications in blood flow by action of the galvanic current.
Material and Methods The experiments have been performed in Swiss male mice (45-50 days old). The experiments were performed at controlled temperature and light settings. The hypodermis of the skin in the cranial area was used. The procedures were as follows: 1) A portion of skin was sectioned and lifted to obtain a control image; 2) the needle (Physio Invasiva 0.30 × 40mm) was placed over the surface of the skull and covered with skin; 3) treatment was applied using 3 mA, during 3 seconds and three applications (Physio Invasiva Prim); 4) the skin was immediately lifted once again and 3h later to obtain experimental images. In the case of the controls, process 1-4 was repeated, however without applying current. The images were binarized (Digimizer 4.6.1. MedCalc Software) and the area occupied by the vessels of the same surface for each image.
Results In mice treated using the GC protocol 3mA, 3 seconds and 3 applications, an increase of 38.53% ± 0.006 was obtained immediately after the application of the GC. However, at three hours, this variation disappears (% of variation: 4.03 ± 0.01), recovering control values. In the control experiments there was no modification.
Conclusions Galvanic currents provoke an immediate and transitory vasodilation in mid to small caliber vessels. An immediate and transitory vasodilation has two consequences: the arrival of cells responsible for the inflammatory reaction is accelerated (an essential and necessary step for the regeneration of tissues) and lavage of nociceptive substances is facilitated, which supports an analgesic effect.