bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organized Crime under Anglo-Saxon Criminal Law: Features of Legislative Regulation
Authors: Zhukova S. S. 
Published: February 2020

The paper is devoted to the comparative legal analysis of the group commission of a crime under Anglo-Saxon criminal law. The commission of a crime in conspiracy has an increased public danger and poses a serious threat to each state and society as a whole. Foreign lawmakers take different approaches to the definition of organized crime, taking into account its heterogeneous nature. The author studies the specificity of the legislative regulation of variations in criminal groupings in common law countries. A comparative analysis of the legislative regulation of organized crime allows us to note the positive experience that can be used to improve domestic criminal law governing forms of conspiracy and law enforcement.The study notes that the criminal law of the Anglo-Saxon legal family is characterized by a low level of systematization of legislation and increased attention to the norms (decisions) expressed in the judicial precedent. At the same time, the existing criminal law standards governing the institution of conspiracy comply with international law. Some common law countries recognize a conspiracy between two or more persons for committing a crime as an organized crime group. It is important to note that this feature is also a characteristic of domestic criminal law. In accordance with Art. 32 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, a conspiracy is the intentional joint participation of two or more persons in the commission of an intentional crime. At the same time, a significant difference between the criminal law of the Anglo-Saxon legal family is the legislative consolidation of the qualitative and quantitative criteria of group formations (criminal association, organized criminal group, gang) depending on the degree of public danger of their crimes.
Instrucciones para los Autores
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz David Rene 
Published: February 2020

Revista Médica Vallejiana (Rev Med Vallejiana) es una publicación oficial de la Escuela de Medicina de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad César Vallejo de Trujillo, Perú. El presente espacio de comunicación se edita trimestralmente y está orientado a la publicación de trabajos de naturaleza científica concernientes al área Medicina Humana, sus especialidades, subespecialidades y ciencias biomédicas afines. El Comité Editorial de la revista es responsable de garantizar la pertinencia y calidad de los artículos incluidos en su publicación. Revista Médica Vallejiana es una revista científica "revisada por pares"; esto significa que la mayoría de los artículos publicados son enviados a revisión (por lo menos dos revisores independientes). Las identidades de autores y revisores se mantienen en forma confidencial.
Relación entre estrés laboral y Síndrome de Burnout en conductores de taxi de la ciudad de Trujillo. Perú, 2019.
Authors: Chunga Trigozo Luis Fernando , Duarte Gonzáles Eva Stephanía , Magallanes Cabrera Joana Mabel , Torres Chávez Karla Jelian Amelia , Verde Gutiérrez Ruth Kiara , Rodríguez Díaz David Rene , Morillo Arqueros Aníbal Manuel 
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el estrés laboral y el Síndrome de Burnout en conductores de taxi de la ciudad de Trujillo en Perú en los meses de mayo – junio del 2019. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico – transversal sobre el estrés laboral y el Síndrome de Burnout en una población de 50 taxistas de la ciudad de Trujillo en Perú. La técnica aplicada fue la encuesta. El estrés laboral fue medido mediante el “Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Estrés” en su tercera versión, mientras que el Síndrome de Burnout a través del “Cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey”. Resultados: Se observó que el grupo etario más frecuente estuvo comprendido entre los 27 a 38 años, además el 48 % de los conductores de taxi trabajaba entre 8 – 10 horas diarias. Fue evidente un nivel de estrés alto en un 72 %, un nivel de estrés medio en un 16 % y un nivel de estrés bajo en un 12 % de los conductores. En el análisis dimensional del Síndrome de Burnout se observó que el 70 % tuvo un alto nivel de desgaste emocional, el 66 % un alto nivel de cinismo y en un 44 % un nivel de eficiencia laboral alto. Finalmente, se evidenció estadísticamente (valor p = 0,014) relación entre estrés laboral y Síndrome de Burnout. Conclusión: Existe una relación significativa entre estrés laboral y Síndrome de Burnout en conductores de taxi.
DETERMINING THE APPROPRIATE OPEN INNOVATION MODEL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS USING AN INTEGRATED FUZZY AHP-VIKOR APPROACH
Authors: AR İlker Murat , PEKER İskender , BAKİ Birdoğan 
Published: February 2020

Open innovation includes making collaborative relationships with other firms and institutions to achieve competitive advantage through innovative products or services. Open innovation has an effect the logistics firms because they have many services and products and also various relationships with their shareholders. The main purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate open innovation model for logistics firms. In this context, the application process is performed by a Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making model. This approach involves both criteria (control, focus, innovation process, knowledge, cost, capacity, market, utilization, policy, motivation) and alternatives (inbound, outbound and coupled open innovation models). Weights of the criteria were determined by Fuzzy AHP. Furthermore, ranks the alternatives were performed by Fuzzy VIKOR. According to results, outbound innovationis determined as the appropriate open innovation model for logistics firms. The most important three criteria in order to determine the appropriate open innovation model are innovation process, motivation, and market respectively.
Relación entre las características espermáticas poscapacitación y la fertilización oocitaria humana en la técnica de fertilización in vitro
Authors: M. Yamileth Motato , Saavedra-Saavedra Jaime , Moyano Martha N. 
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: establecer la relación entre las características espermáticas poscapacitación y la fertilización de oocitos donados y morfológicamente maduros (estadío MII) en la técnica de fertilizaciónin vitro (FIV).Metodología: se realizó un estudio de corte transversal entre enero de 2003 y diciembre de 2007 en el Centro de Biomedicina Reproductiva del Valle (Fecundar) en Cali (Colombia). En este estudio, se incluyeron 64 muestras seminales de pacientes que se sometieron a la técnica de FIV y ovodonación. Se comparó la proporción de fertilización de las muestras, asumiendo como apropiada una proporción mayor o igual a 80%. También se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística para determinar las variables que contribuyeron a presentar una mayor probabilidad de fertilización.Resultados: se incluyeron 64 muestras seminales, de un total de 76, que cumplieron con los requisitos establecidos. En el análisis estadístico se evidenció que la fertilización se afectó por la motilidad poscapacitación tipo a mayor o igual a 25%. El índice de teratozoospermia y los días de abstinencia sexual no afectaron la fertilización oocitaria.Conclusiones: en los individuos de este estudio la motilidad espermática tipo a poscapacitación mayor a 25% fue la variable que más influyó en una apropiada fertilización oocitaria en la técnica de FIV.
Inequidades sociales en atención materna
Authors: Cáceres-Manrique Flor de María , Molina-Marín Gloria 
Published: February 2020

Introducción y objetivo: el presente artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre las inequidades sociales que afectan la salud de las mujeres embarazadas. Las inequidades, definidas como desigualdades injustas y evitables, son frecuentes a pesar de los acuerdos internacionales, políticas y programas que promueven la equidad en salud. Existen enfoques teóricos y metodológicos para realizar investigación sobre inequidades sociales que ameritan ser probados en el contexto para obtener evidencia y orientar las intervenciones.
Métodos estadísticos de evaluación de la concordancia y la reproducibilidad de pruebas diagnósticas
Authors: Cortés-Reyes Édgar , Rubio-Romero Jorge Andrés , Gaitán-Duarte Hernando 
Published: February 2020

Introducción: en la evaluación de la utilidad de una prueba diagnóstica, se requiere en algunas situaciones valorar la reproducibilidad de los resultados o la concordancia de los mismos al compararla con otra prueba que no sea usada como patrón de oro de la entidad. El objetivo de este documento es presentar los métodos estadísticos utilizados para evaluar la reproducibilidad y/o concordancia de las observaciones clínicas o paraclínicas, sus bases teóricas y algunos ejemplos de cómo se han aplicado.Metodología: se realiza una revisión sobre las bases teóricas de la evaluación de la concordancia y la reproducibilidad, además se ilustra su aplicación en la literatura con ejemplos relacionados con la obstetricia y la ginecología.Resultados: la estimación de la concordancia se hace por medio de la prueba Kappa en variables dicotómicas u ordinales. En el caso de variables continuas, se debe preferir el uso del coeficiente de correlación intraclase o el coeficiente de correlación y concordancia sobre el uso del coeficiente de Pearson o la prueba t de Student pareada. Los métodos utilizados deben ser interpretados de acuerdo al contexto clínico donde fueron empleados.Conclusiones: la selección de los métodos estadísticos para la evaluación de la concordancia y la reproducibilidad depende del tipo de variable a medir y de los parámetros que se quieran evaluar, ya sea sólo la reproducibilidad o también la exactitud.
Asociación entre el índice de masa corporal y los resultados perioperatorios y posoperatorios en pacientes sometidas a histerectomía laparoscópica total. Medellín (Colombia) 2002-2008
Authors: Castañeda Juan D. , De Los Ríos José F. , Calle Gustavo A. , Serna Eduardo , Vásquez Ricardo A. , Mejía Ana M. , Arango Adriana M. , Buitrago Carlos A. 
Published: February 2020

Objetivos: evaluar la posible asociación entre el mayor índice de masa corporal (IMC) y los resultados peri y posoperatorios en pacientes a las que se les realizó histerectomía laparoscópica total (HLT).Metodología: cohorte histórica de pacientes a quienes se les practicó HLT en un período de 5 años en un centro de referencia para endoscopia ginecológica. Fueron incluidas todas las pacientes con HLT y con la información completa. Las pacientes fueron divididas en tres grupos según su masa corporal: IMC menor de 24,9 kg/m2, normal (n = 339); IMC entre 25-29,9 kg/m2, sobrepeso (n = 243) e IMC mayor de 30 kg/m2, obesidad (n = 94). Se compararon el tiempo quirúrgico, las complicaciones, la pérdida sanguínea, la necesidad de transfusión, la tasa de laparoconversión y el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria. Los tres grupos se contrastaron por medio de la prueba ANOVA.Resultados: 676 pacientes cumplieron los requisitos para el estudio. No hubo diferencias significativas en cuanto a la pérdida sanguínea, el tiempo quirúrgico, la estancia hospitalaria, la tasa de complicaciones o de laparoconversión.Conclusión: no se encontró asociación entre el índice de masa corporal y malos resultados peri y posoperatorios.
Endometriosis profunda infiltrante: seguimiento a un año luego de tratamiento laparoscópico
Authors: Castañeda Juan D. , Almanza Luis A. , Muñoz Juan C. , Arango Adriana , De Los Ríos José F. , Serna Eduardo , Calle Gustavo A. , Vásquez Ricardo A. 
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: conocer la evolución a un año de las pacientes a quienes se les ha realizado tratamiento quirúrgico laparoscópico de la endometriosis profunda infiltrante.Metodología: cohorte de 24 pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 22 y 51 años a quienes se les realizó tratamiento quirúrgico de la endometriosis profunda infiltrante en la Unidad de Endoscopia Ginecológica de la Clínica del Prado y Profamilia, en Medellín, entre septiembre del 2007 y febrero del 2008. Se evaluaron las variables sociodemográficas, síntomas dolorosos, localización anatómica de la endometriosis profunda infiltrante, características de la lesión, tratamiento, tiempo quirúrgico, complicaciones.Resultados: se presentó una lesión de recto como única complicación en esta serie (4,1%). Hubo una disminución estadísticamente significativa de los síntomas dolorosos. Tres pacientes (12%) tuvieron recurrencias al año de seguimiento.Conclusión: el tratamiento laparoscópico de la endometriosis profunda infiltrante surge como una alternativa para el tratamiento de la endometriosis infiltrativa profunda.
There is no superior treatment method for medial shoulder instability in dogs
Authors: Kieves Nina R , Jones Stephen 
Published: February 2020

PICO question
In dogs with medial shoulder instability, what treatment option results in the best patient outcomes medical vs. surgical management?
Clinical bottom line
To date only one retrospective case series is available to compare treatment options for shoudler instability. This manuscript suggests that surgical treatment of medial shoulder instability (MSI) may be superior to medical management, however, this was not a prospective randomly assigned study and thus is wrought with limitations. There is no evidence of superiority of one surgical intervention over another for the treatment of MSI. The clinician must evaluate each individual case and consider clincial experience when deciding on the ideal treatment for MSI.
How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
Baltimore Ceasefire 365: Estimated Impact of a Recurring Community-Led Ceasefire on Gun Violence
Authors: Phalen Peter , Bridgeford Erricka , Gant Letrice , Kivisto Aaron , Ray Brad , Fitzgerald Simon 
Published: February 2020

Objectives. To estimate the impact of recurring community-led, weekend-long ceasefires on gun violence in the City of Baltimore, Maryland. Methods. The City of Baltimore releases detailed data on all crimes occurring in the city. We compiled daily counts of fatal and nonfatal shootings occurring between January 2012 and July 2019 and fit a Bayesian model to estimate the impact of the ceasefires on gun violence during designated weekends after accounting for yearly seasonality, day of the week, calendar days, and overall time trends. We also looked at the 3-day periods following each 3-day ceasefire weekend to test for a possible postponement effect. Results. There was an estimated 52% (95% credible interval [CI] = 33%, 67%) reduction in gun violence during ceasefire days and no evidence of a postponement effect on either the next 3 days or the next 3-day weekend following each ceasefire weekend (incidence rate ratio = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.72, 1.06). Conclusions. The Baltimore Ceasefire weekends may be an effective short-term intervention for reducing gun violence. Future research should aim to understand the key components and transferability of the intervention.
Expansion of Syringe Service Programs in the United States, 2015–2018
Authors: Des Jarlais Don C. , Feelemyer Jonathan , LaKosky Paul , Szymanowski Kathryn , Arasteh Kamyar 
Published: February 2020

Objectives. To report on the expansion of syringe service programs (SSPs) in the United States from 2015 to 2018. Methods. We obtained data from records of the Buyers’ Club of the Dave Purchase Project/North American Syringe Exchange Network (NASEN), including the number of US SSPs and the numbers of sterile syringes purchased by programs. We conducted a subset analysis of states with high numbers of counties defined as “vulnerable” by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results. SSP participation in the Buyers’ Club increased from 141 in 2015 to 292 in 2018, with an increase in syringes purchased from 42 million to 88 million. In addition to these large increases in numbers of programs and in syringes purchased, there were also indications of instability among new programs in vulnerable states. Conclusions. There have been substantial increases in the number of programs established and the number of syringes distributed in response to the opioid epidemic. Ensuring high-quality services in these new programs will be critical to successfully addressing the current epidemic.
Deportation of Family Members of US-Citizen Latinos and Misuse of Prescription Drugs: United States, 2019
Authors: Pinedo Miguel 
Published: February 2020

Objectives. To investigate how personally knowing a deported migrant relates to past-year prescription drug misuse among US-citizen Latinos. Methods. Between April and May 2019, a national sample (n = 3446) was recruited to complete an online survey. Multivariate and multinomial logistic regression models examined the role of (1) personally knowing a deported migrant and (2) the relationship to the deportee (e.g., family, friend) on (1) any past-year prescription drug misuse and (2) the frequency of prescription drug misuse. I limited analyses to US citizens only (n = 3282). Results. Overall, 19% of all participants reported any past-year prescription drug misuse. Latinos who had a family member who was deported reported significantly higher odds of past-year prescription drug misuse and were exceedingly at higher risk for misusing prescription drugs 3 or more days in the past year as compared with Whites and Latinos who did not personally know a deported migrant. Conclusions. Public health prevention strategies and deportation policies need to consider and address how the deportation of an individual will affect the health of that individual’s US-citizen family members.
Charity Care Characteristics and Expenditures Among US Tax-Exempt Hospitals in 2016
Authors: Goodman Christopher W. , Flanigan Amber , Probst Janice C. , Brett Allan S. 
Published: February 2020

Objectives. To examine content of financial assistance polices (FAPs) among US tax-exempt hospitals and determine whether restrictive policies were associated with reduced charity care spending. Methods. Using hospital tax filings with the Internal Revenue Service in 2016 and FAPs obtained from hospital Web sites, we examined characteristics of FAPs and associated expenditures for charity care in a representative sample of 170 tax-exempt hospitals. We identified common eligibility requirements and used them to define restrictiveness of FAPs. Results. FAPs were characterized by various ways to exclude patients, a patchwork of coverage for typical health care services, and wide-ranging discounts. FAP expenditures were lowest among restrictive hospitals in states that expanded Medicaid as part of the Affordable Care Act and highest among nonrestrictive hospitals in nonexpansion states. FAP expenses did not differ by hospital restrictiveness alone. Conclusions. Standardizing common eligibility requirements among FAPs carries potential benefits with regard to optimizing charity care for community benefit and achieving at least some level of equity; however, further policy efforts must account for additional restrictions, charges, and exclusions to be effective.
Outreach and Inreach Strategies for Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Latinos at a Federally Qualified Health Center: A Randomized Controlled Trial, 2015–2018
Authors: Castañeda Sheila F. , Bharti Balambal , Rojas Marielena , Mercado Silvia , Bearse Adriana M. , Camacho Jasmine , Lopez Manuel Song , Muñoz Fatima , O'Connell Shawne , Liu Lin , Talavera Gregory A. , Gupta Samir 
Published: February 2020

Objectives. To compare usual care, inreach consisting of one-on-one education, mailed outreach offering a fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and a combination of outreach and inreach for promoting colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Methods. We conducted a 4-arm randomized controlled trial from 2015 to 2018 at a US federally qualified health center near the California–Mexico border primarily serving low-income Hispanics/Latinos. A total of 673 individuals aged 50 to 75 years not up to date with screening were assigned to 1 of the 4 intervention groups. The primary outcome was CRC screening through 6 months follow-up. Results. A total of 671 patients were included in intention-to-screen analyses. Their mean age was 59.9 years, 48.9% were male, and 86.3% were primarily Spanish-speaking. Screening was 27.5% for usual care (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.21, 0.34), 52.7% for inreach (95% CI = 0.45, 0.60), 77.2% for outreach (95% CI = 0.71, 0.83), and 78.9% for combination of inreach and outreach (95% CI = 0.73, 0.85; P < .001 for all comparisons except P = .793 for outreach vs combination). Conclusions. Among individuals at high risk for noncompletion, inreach with one-on-one education nearly doubled, and outreach offering mailed FIT alone or in combination with inreach nearly tripled screening compared with usual care. Mailed FIT outreach was superior to inreach for promoting screening.
Resurgent Methamphetamine Use at Treatment Admission in the United States, 2008–2017
Authors: Jones Christopher M. , Olsen Emily O. , O’Donnell Julie , Mustaquim Desiree 
Published: February 2020

Objectives. To evaluate trends and correlates of methamphetamine use in the United States. Methods. Data are from 15 747 334 drug-related treatment admissions among persons aged 12 years or older in the 2008–2017 Treatment Episode Data Set. We analyzed trends and used multivariable logistic regression. Results. Methamphetamine-related admissions increased from 15.1% of drug-related treatment admissions in 2008 to 23.6% in 2017. Increases occurred among nearly all demographic groups. Methamphetamine injection increased from 17.5% of admissions in 2008 to 28.4% in 2017. Among methamphetamine-related admissions, heroin use increased from 5.3% of admissions in 2008 to 23.6% in 2017. Characteristics associated with increased odds of reporting methamphetamine use at admission included female sex; admissions aged 35 to 44 years; admissions in the Midwest, South, and West; unemployment; not in labor force; living dependent; living homeless; and having a referral from criminal justice, a health care provider, or other community treatment source. Conclusions. Treatment admissions involving methamphetamine use increased significantly over the past decade and appear to be linked to the ongoing opioid crisis in the United States. Efforts to mobilize public health prevention, treatment, and response strategies to address rising methamphetamine use and overdose are needed.