bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harvesting of forest products and implications for Afrotemperate bird communities in a montane forest of the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Leaver Jessica , Carstens Johann C. , Cherry Michael I. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Harvesting of forest products is a widespread driver of disturbance in developing nations, where policies are increasingly aimed at managing natural forests for sustainable use. There is thus need for research aimed at understanding the impact of resource use on forest habitats and concomitant effects on biodiversity. Afromontane forests in the Eastern Cape, South Africa are harvested informally for poles and medicinal bark and occur along elevational gradients of 800–1600 m above sea level. Patterns of spatial diversity and human disturbance are expected to be affected by elevation. Furthermore, species’ responses to disturbance are expected to vary depending on their level of habitat specialisation. Understanding harvest impacts on forest biodiversity thus requires disentangling the separate effects of elevation and disturbance, and considering forest-specialist and forest-generalist species separately. This study comprises two components. First, harvest activities, resultant harvest-mediated habitat heterogeneity, and avifaunal species richness, composition and beta-diversity were compared across two elevational zones in a harvested forest. Second, the role of harvest-mediated habitat heterogeneity in driving patterns of avifaunal diversity were assessed, while controlling for elevation, and considering forest-specialist and forest-generalist species separately.

Results
Harvest rates were higher, and activities more varied in the lower elevation zone, with significant impacts of harvesting on habitat features resulting in higher harvest-mediated habitat heterogeneity at lower elevations. Harvest-mediated increases in habitat heterogeneity positively affected forest-generalist species richness, while forest-specialist richness was negatively affected. While species composition of both groups differed across elevational zones, variation in harvest-mediated habitat heterogeneity did not fully account for this, suggesting that factors other than disturbance shape avifaunal communities along the elevation gradient. However, variation in harvest-mediated habitat heterogeneity accounted for the amount of beta-diversity attributed to species turnover in the forest-specialist assemblage, indicating that harvest disturbances affect the mechanisms driving beta-diversity of this group.

Conclusion
Spatial patterns of avifaunal diversity are affected by elevation over a 300-m gradient. Harvesting results in increased habitat heterogeneity, which variably affects avifaunal communities at the forest-scale, with positive effects for forest generalists and negative effects for forest-specialists.
Heterozygous Mutation (Q459R) in the Calcium-Sensing Receptor Gene Causes Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia 1 (FHH1)
Authors: Boisen Ida Marie , Mos Iris , Lerche-Black Eva Merete , Juul Anders , Bräuner-Osborne Hans , Blomberg Jensen Martin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Context
Several heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor gene (CASR) leading to elevated ionized serum calcium and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia 1 (FHH1) have been characterized. Few mutations are not pathogenic, and previous studies suggested that the Q459R mutation does not result in an FHH1 phenotype.

Objective
We identified a family with a heterozygous CASR Q459R mutation and characterized their calcium homeostasis and the pathophysiological mechanisms of a homozygous and heterozygous Q459R mutation in vitro.

Design
The index patient and her family had clinical, biochemical, and genetic analyses performed. In vitro functional characterization of homozygous and heterozygous (Q459R) mutations was conducted by determining CaSR cell-surface expression and inositol monophosphate (IP1) signaling in transiently transfected human embryonic kidney 293A (HEK293A) cells.

Results
All 3 heterozygous carriers had mild asymptomatic hypercalcemia, hypocalciuria, and 2 had elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH). In vitro characterization in HEK293A cells revealed that CASR Q459R is a loss-of-function mutation with no impact on cell-surface expression. Cells with the homozygous Q459R genotype had significantly reduced calcium potency of IP1 signaling compared to wild type, whereas the heterozygous Q459R also had lower calcium potency albeit not significantly different from wild type.

Conclusion
A loss-of-function Q459R mutation in CASR in a family caused FHH1 characterized by elevated ionized calcium and PTH and low calcium excretion. The marked presence of CaSR at the membrane and inhibition of IP1 signaling in vitro suggest that calcimimetics may be functional in patients with this mutation, which seems to be a mild loss-of-function mutation associated with autosomal dominant transmission of FHH1.
Single cell transcriptome dynamics from pluripotency to FLK1+ mesoderm
Authors: Zhao Haiyong , Choi Kyunghee 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Hemangiogenic progenitors generating blood and endothelial cells are specified from FLK1-expressing (FLK1+) mesoderm by the transcription factor ETV2. FLK1+ mesoderm also contributes to smooth muscle and cardiomyocytes. However, the developmental process of FLK1+ mesoderm generation and its allocation to various cell fates remain obscure. Recent single cell RNA-sequencing studies of early embryos or in vitro-differentiated human embryonic stem (ES) cells have provided unprecedented information on the spatiotemporal resolution of cells in embryogenesis. These snapshots, however, lack information on continuous dynamic developmental processes. Here, we performed single cell RNA sequencing of in vitro-differentiated mouse ES cells to capture the continuous developmental process leading to hemangiogenesis. We found that hemangiogenic progenitors from ES cells develop through intermediate gastrulation stages, which are gradually specified by ‘relay’-like highly overlapping transcription factor modules. Moreover, the transcriptional program of the Flk1+ mesoderm was maintained in the smooth muscle lineage, suggesting that smooth muscle is the default fate of Flk1+ mesoderm. We also identified the SRC kinase contributing to ETV2-mediated activation of the hemangiogenic program. This continuous transcriptome map will facilitate both basic and applied studies of mesoderm development.
Aplicação de Foresight e Inteligência Competitiva em um Centro de P&D Empresarial por meio de um Observatório de Tendências: desafios e benefícios
Authors: Parreiras Viviane Masseran Antunes , Antunes Adelaide Maria de Souza 
Published: November 2019

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13071/regec.2317-5087.2012.1.1.3908.55-73O artigo inicia-se apresentando os conceitos relacionados aos processos de foresight e inteligência competitiva, bem como suas respectivas metodologias, procurando mostrar como estas podem ser aplicadas em um centro de P&D empresarial, por meio da implantação de um observatório de tendências tecnológicas. São evidenciados os principais aspectos e as variáveis a serem consideradas na construção de um observatório de tendências, indicando o papel dos processos de foresight e inteligência competitiva, bem como ressaltando os desafios e benefícios potenciais que podem ser vivenciados pelas instituições no momento da implementação de observatórios de tendências em centros de P&D empresariais.
Metamorfoses Paulistanas: atlas geoeconômico da Cidade
Authors: Freire Carlos Eduardo Torres , Consoni Flávia Luciane 
Published: November 2019

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13071/regec.2317-5087.2012.1.1.4111.210-217“Metamorfoses Paulistanas” traz uma análise que contempla de forma coordenada transformações econômicas e territoriais do município de São Paulo. É, portanto, uma análise com foco na cidade de São Paulo, porém seus achados extrapolam esta delimitação territorial. A cidade é tanto influenciada pela dinâmica das suas regiões fronteiriças, quanto estas regiões ajudam a determinar a trajetória e as características da dinâmica econômica da Capital Paulista.
Origens da Liderança Científica e Tecnológica Paulista no Século XX
Authors: Szmrecsányi Tamás József Márton Károly 
Published: November 2019

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13071/regec.2317-5087.2013.2.2.6137.181-206Trata-se de um estudo sobre as Instituições de Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo na Primeira República, 1890-1930. Estima-se que os pesquisadores radicados em São Paulo sejam os autores de 75% de tudo o que se pública em ciência e tecnologia no Brasil. Esse nível de concentração da produção científica e tecnológica costuma ser atribuído principalmente às atividades de pesquisa das suas três universidades públicas estaduais, e ao apoio que lhes é dispensado há décadas pela FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo). O desenvolvimento dessas instituições, por sua vez, tem sido vinculado à prosperidade econômica do Estado de São Paulo, e mais particularmente ao estágio alcançado por sua industrialização a partir da década de 1930. Embora sejam corretas, tais interpretações deixam de explicar como e por que elas surgiram e prosperaram em São Paulo, e não alhures como, por exemplo, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, que também foi bastante próspera durante as primeiras décadas do século XX, tendo sediado a capital do país até os anos cinqüenta e a maior parte de seu setor industrial antes de 1920. Uma resposta a tais indagações talvez possa ser encontrada na política científica e tecnológica do governo paulista na Primeira República, a qual deu origem à criação de centros de pesquisas como o Instituto Butantã, o Instituto Biológico etc., bem como de vários estabelecimentos de ensino superior que mais tarde iriam integrar-se à Universidade de São Paulo (tais como a Escola Politécnica, a escola de Agronomia de Piracicaba e as faculdades de Medicina e de Farmácia). O presente trabalho procura identificar e caracterizar as condições econômicas, sociais e culturais que tomaram possíveis a gênese e a evolução da referida política, tentando, além disso, fazer uma primeira avaliação de seus principais efeitos a médio e longo prazo.
Desinstitucionalização da saúde mental em um hospital psiquiátrico na Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Do Carmo Araújo Natália , De Araújo Tânia Maria , Do Carmo Araújo Tamila , Macedo Carvalho Freitas Aline 
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: Descrever as características dos moradores e do processo de desinstitucionalização de um hospital psiquiátrico da Bahia. Método: foi realizado um estudo descritivo com abordagem exploratória, conduzido em um hospital psiquiátrico da Bahia, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi feita através dos registros de prontuários clínicos entre o período de 2009 à 2015. Resultados: Em 2015 havia114 moradores nas três unidades de internamentos, sendo esses na maioria do sexo feminino (29,8%), sem acompanhamento familiar (43,0%), com idade maior de 41 anos (39,2%) e com mais de 20 anos de acompanhamento hospitalar (46,8%), com ausência significativa de familiares e, ainda, maior quantitativo de internamentos na UPG (59,8%). Considerações: A redução do número de leitos e da oferta de serviços das internações hospitalares e os encaminhamentos para residências terapêuticas e familiares foram discussões presentes neste estudo. A baixa aceitação familiar, bem como a reinserção dos indivíduos na sociedade foram os principais desafios observados. A desinstitucionalização requer atuação/atenção e intervenções contínuas, a fim de que esse processo tenha suas propostas implementadas de modo efetivo com garantia de melhores condições de vida e saúde para a população com adoecimento mental no país.
Impaired Cardiac Reserve on Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography Predicts the Development of Hepatorenal Syndrome
Authors: Koshy Anoop N. , Farouque Omar , Cailes Benjamin , Testro Adam , Ramchand Jay , Sajeev Jithin K. , Han Hui-Chen , Srivastava Piyush M. , Jones Elizabeth F. , Salehi Hamid , Teh Andrew W. , Lim Han S. , Calafiore Paul , Gow Paul J. 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Cardiac dysfunction has been implicated in the genesis of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). It is unclear whether a low cardiac output (CO) or attenuated contractile response to hemodynamic stress can predict its occurrence. We studied cardiovascular hemodynamics in cirrhosis and assessed whether a diminished cardiac reserve with stress testing predicted the development of HRS on follow-up.

METHODS:
Consecutive patients undergoing liver transplant workup with dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) were included. CO was measured at baseline and during low-dose dobutamine infusion at 10 μg/kg/min. HRS was diagnosed using guideline-based criteria.

RESULTS:
A total of 560 patients underwent DSE, of whom 488 were included after preliminary assessment. There were 64 (13.1%) patients with established HRS. The HRS cohort had a higher baseline CO (8.0 ± 2 vs 6.9 ± 2 L/min; P < 0.001) and demonstrated a blunted response to low-dose dobutamine (ΔCO 29 ± 22% vs 44 ± 32%, P < 0.001) driven primarily by inotropic incompetence. Optimal cutpoint for ΔCO in patients with HRS was determined to be <25% and was used to define a low cardiac reserve. Among the 424 patients without HRS initially, 94 (22.1%) developed HRS over a mean follow-up of 1.5 years. Higher proportion with a low cardiac reserve developed HRS (52 [55.0%] vs 56 [16.9%]; hazard ratio 4.5; 95% confidence interval 3.0–6.7; P < 0.001). In a Cox multivariable model, low cardiac reserve remained the strongest predictor for the development of HRS (hazard ratio 3.9; 95% confidence interval 2.2–7.0; P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:
Patients with HRS demonstrated a higher resting CO and an attenuated cardiac reserve on stress testing. On longitudinal follow-up, low cardiac reserve was an independent predictor for the development of HRS. Assessment of cardiac reserve with DSE may provide a novel noninvasive risk marker for developing HRS in patients with advanced liver disease.HRS is a life-threatening complication of liver disease. We studied whether an inability to increase cardiac contraction in response to stress can assist in the prediction of HRS. We demonstrate that patients with liver disease who exhibit cardiac dysfunction during stress testing had a 4-fold increased risk of developing HRS. This may improve our ability for early diagnosis and treatment of patients at a higher risk of developing HRS.
Contrast-induced nephropathy: the possibility of early diagnosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after primary percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Yarkova Natalia , Borovkov Nikolai 
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the possibilities of early diagnosis of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) using biostarers: cystatin C, nephrine and lipocalin-2.
Materials and methods. he study included 84 patients who received PCI for the first time. Before the PCI, the risk of CIN on the R. Mehran scale was assessed, and also modern biomarkers of renal damage were determined before and after the procedure for 3 days. All patients were divided into two groups: 1). patients with type 2 DM (n = 44 people); 2) patients without DM (n = 40 people). By sex, age, the duration of the disease group were comparable.
Results. The parameters of the functional state of the kidney before and after PCI in patients with type 2 DM, taking into account the criteria of KDIGO (2012) and elevated levels of modern biomarkers, indicated the development of CIN. In the control group, this was observed in 35 of 40 (87.5%) patients. In both groups, there was an increase in serum creatinine levels of blood, urea, new biomarkers, and a decrease in GFR after administration of contrast agents. Normalization of only urea and blood creatinine against the background of adequate hydration was detected on day 2-3 after contrasting procedures. The GFR remained still reduced despite ongoing therapy.
Conclusions. Cystatin C, nephrin, lipocalin 2 have high sensitivity and specificity. The determination within 3 days of these biomarkers allows us to objectively judge the dynamics of contrast-induced nephropathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in surgical interventions on the coronary arteries with the introduction of contrast and the effectiveness of protective measures.
Quale infrastruttura per le edizioni digitali:
Authors: Pierazzo Elena 
Published: November 2019

L’articolo riflette sui modi di produzione delle edizioni scientifiche digitali, lamentandone i costi eccessivi che di fatto escludono i giovani ricercatori dalla loro produzione. Utilizzando una metafora presa in prestito dal mondo della moda, le edizioni scientifiche digitali esistenti sono paragonate all’haute couture e al prêt-à-porter: l’autrice distingue infatti le edizioni specializzate, caratterizzate dai costi elevati e dall’essere costruite “su misura” (haute cou- ture) da quelle seriali, caratterizzate da una certa uniformità e dai costi ridotti (prêt-à- porter), auspicando una più generale diffusione di quest’ultimo modello. La seconda parte dell’articolo riflette sulle caratteristiche delle edizioni seriali e loro relazioni con le edizioni specializzate.
This article reflects on current ways of producing digital scholarly editions, noting that they typically involve excessive costs that effectively exclude young or independent scholars from undertaking their production. Using a metaphor borrowed from the world of fashion, exist- ing digital scholarly editions are described as either ‘haute couture’ or ‘prêt-à-porter’: that is, either specialized editions characterized by high costs and by production ‘to measure’ (haute couture), or those that use existing frameworks and so are characterized by a certain unifor- mity and reduced costs (prêt-à-porter). The article argues for a wider diffusion of the latter model, but the second part presents a reflection on the characteristics of these editions and their productive interactions with the more specialized type of edition.
Orientalistische Namenspolitik im 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Wittler Kathrin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
While the antisemitic impact of Sessa’s popular farce Unser Verkehr (1813) is well-known to historians of nineteenth-century literature and theatre, a careful contextualization of the notorious name of one of its characters – Isidorus Morgenländer – within the orientalist discourses of the time reveals that this play has not only anti-Jewish, but also anti-romantic tendencies. The reactions to Sessa’s play confirm this bidirectionality and the enhancing effects it had.
Die Germanistik der Germanistik
Authors: Kreutel Jörn , Martus Steffen , Thomalla Erika , Zimmer Daniel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article examines the history and structure of the international bibliographical journal (internationales Referatenorgan) Germanistik from 1960 to 2009. By combining qualitative archival research and quantitative data analysis, it seeks to explore how the journal simultaneously took into account political, economic, and academic expectations; how it stimulated scholarly working practices; and how it contributed to the formation of networks within the heterogeneous field of German Studies.
Ästhetisch konstruierte Traditionen?
Authors: Voß Torsten 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Throughout various literary and artistic periods, artists have referred to or even converted to Catholicism as a means of conjuring a certain perception of a European tradition. In doing this, they seek to create an aesthetic of romanticism and/or an idea and concept of beauty, the artist, artwork etc. After giving a brief overview of this discursive practice in modern avant-garde movements, this article focuses on early forms of literary Catholic movements, such as the French Renouveau catholique and François-René de Chateaubriand’s Le Génie du Christianisme (The Genius of Christianity), as well as Novalis’ ‘invention’ of German romanticism in his essay Die Christenheit oder Europa (Christianity or Europe). It shows that there are a variety of parallels to be identified across these periods and places, namely, in programs, performances, rhetoric-building and group-building processes, and in cultivating an anti-bourgeois distinction, both in the texts themselves and in the positioning of the artists within the literary field. Despite accusations of being reactionary, writers and artists who elaborate a Catholic concept of art and literature aim to develop a traditionalist and anti-modern stance within (aesthetical and social) modernity.
(Un)Ordnung und frühes Leid: Zum generischen Traditionsverhalten in August von Platens Jugend-Tagebüchern
Authors: Jürgensen Christoph 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Starting with a brief overview of the history and development of diary writing, this article examines how August von Platen’s juvenile diaries can be situated in the context of this tradition of genre. In doing so, it will be shown that von Platen employs a unique blend of the genres autobiography and diary in order to relate his ‘Bildungsgeschichte’ of homosexuality in an innovative and Rousseauian spirit of openness.
TB pitke ‘fat, grease, oil’ and PIE *peih̯1- ‘to be fat, be bursting with’
Authors: Pan Tao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates the meaning and the etymology of TB pitke. Based on a philological study of Sanskrit, Chinese and Tibetan parallel texts, the meaning of TB pitke can be determined to be ‘fat, grease, oil’. TB pitke corresponds to Skt. medas- ‘fat’, Tib. tshil ‘fat, grease’ and Chin. 脂zhī ‘fat, grease’. The philological identification of the meaning of TB pitke as ‘fat, grease, oil’ opens the door to an etymological connection with PIE *pei̯H- ‘to be fat, swell’, and, based on the historical phonology of Tocharian, leads to the determination of the laryngeal as *‑h1.
Old Irish aue ‘descendant’ and its descendants
Authors: Qiu Fangzhe 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper intends to study the history of the Old Irish word aue ‘descendant, grandchild’ in both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The former approach tries to demonstrate what forms this word evolved into from the early Old Irish period up to the end of the Middle Irish period, and to establish the phonological changes it underwent in accordance with our present understanding of the history of the Irish language. The latter approach is based on a linguistically annotated corpus of the Annals of Ulster, and shows the distribution of variant forms of aue in relation to the period they are attested in. The discrepancy between the two observations is discussed and various hypotheses are raised to explain it.
Catastrophic Futures: Tragic Children in Martin McDonagh’s The Pillowman
Authors: Shermeyer Kelli 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Through an analysis of Martin McDonagh’s play The Pillowman, this article explores the roles children play as avatars of futurity and tragic personages whose actions bid us to reflect on repetitive patterns of suffering. To this end, I suggest that we might productively engage with The Pillowman through the dramaturgical structures of tragedy, particularly insofar as tragedy revolves around catastrophic events in the family. While most previous scholarship on The Pillowman has focused on the protagonist, Katurian, and his social or moral obligations as an author, my work places the children of Katurian’s stories at the center of the play’s philosophical cruxes. Not yet fully socialized into societal paradigms that frame the replication of present circumstances, ideologies, and inequities as “progress,” the children of this play disrupt dominant tragic structures, offer catastrophic responses to abuse, and emphasize the absurdity of certain cultural narratives of justice and salvation. My readings are widely informed by the fields of tragic theory, childhood studies, critical posthumanism, and performance studies.