bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative technology to increase the yield of cotton, wheat and other agricultural crops to ensure the acceleration of their maturation, resistance to diseases and to ensure environmental cleanliness of the crop
Authors: Kudratillaev A S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article briefly describes the innovative technology developed and implemented in the fields of many farms in the Tashkent, Kashkadarya regions, in the Ferghana valley and in the North-Eastern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Ust-Kamenogorsk) for processing seeds of cotton, wheat and other agricultural crops in high-voltage electric fields. The novelty of this technology, in contrast to the known methods of pre-sowing seed treatment in an electric field, is that the seeds of these crops are subjected in series and in parallel to the effects of high-intensity electric fields of alternating, direct and pulsed currents of different intensity, duration of exposure and sequence of action. In addition, a number of technological solutions have been implemented in the seed processing line to improve the quality of their processing. The results of this technology can significantly increase crop yield (for example, for cotton at least 25 %, for wheat at least 40 %); improve crop quality; accelerate its maturation for 12-20 days, depending on the type, variety of plants and climatic conditions of the area; reduce the amount of seed material (seeds) by 2-2.5 times; get an environmentally friendly crop and eliminate the use of pesticides, plant diseases and crop.
Evaluation of the spatial and temporal changes in groundwater level and mineralization in agricultural lands under climate change in the Syrdarya province, Uzbekistan
Authors: Kulmatov R A , Adilov S A , Khasanov S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Salinization processes are taking place as a result of rising groundwater level and its mineralization rate due to inefficient and unsustainable use of water and land resources in Uzbekistan. This leads to a reduction of arable land productivity and a decrease in nationwide yield production. Especially, salinization is the case in the plain irrigated areas of Uzbekistan where the groundwater is closer to the surface. Salinization processes occur as a result of an increase in the level of groundwater and the degree of their mineralization due to inefficient and irrational use of water and land resources in Uzbekistan. This leads to a decrease in the productivity of irrigated land and a decrease in yields throughout the country. Principally, salinization takes place in irrigated plain areas like the Syrdarya province, where mineralized groundwater is closer to the surface. Considering the geo-location of Uzbekistan as an aridic zone, there is a massive stress on groundwater because of surface water shortage. Since the estimation of the salinization consequences on groundwater is critical, this research, therefore, was aimed to understand and evaluate the long-term changing behavior of groundwater level and its mineralization in the irrigated areas of the Syrdarya province of Uzbekistan from 2000 to 2015 by using traditional methods, and GIS-based methods for from 2016 to 2019.
The level and mineralization of groundwater in each administrative district of the province were for the first time studied and assessed. Consequently, the dependence of the groundwater level and its mineralization on soil conditions and climatic factors were determined. Based on the results of the study, agricultural specialists and farmers of the province were highly advocated to take the following measures considering the actual condition of groundwater mineralization in the irrigated areas of the Syrdarya province: (1) targeted and economical use of irrigation water; (2) ensuring that existing drainage networks are in an adequate working condition and can operate with full-efficiency; and (3) to conduct annual monitoring of groundwater table and its mineralization of irrigated lands using traditional and GIS technologies.
Water resources management in rice irrigation systems and improvement of ecological situation in rice growing river basins
Authors: Rau A , Begmatov I , Kadasheva Zh , Rau G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Water resources management in the rice irrigation systems in Kazakhstan as well as water conservation and its efficient use are associated with technological processes control factors such as irrigation efficiency, layout of rice bays and their terracing. Managing technological processes in rice systems is complex, since there are significant deviations in the technological parameters of rice systems from the optimal. Therefore, in order to properly manage these processes, it is necessary to know the impact, its direction, assess the results of these impacts and develop an appropriate scientific and information base. The paper considers the impact of rice bays layout quality and terrace on the water-salt regime of soils, rice productivity and irrigation rate. Also, it proposes improvements to parameters of rice systems, water conservation, environmental situation in areas of rice cultivation and water resources management in rice systems.
Primary seed production of fodder crops
Authors: Allashov B D , Zulfikarov M X , Sattarov M N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years, for a number of reasons, there has been a decrease in attention to seed production of many forage crops for seed reproduction. Many varieties have lost their yield, resistance to diseases and various unfavorable climatic conditions, for which it is necessary to carry out regular work on the primary seed production of varieties. In our studies, work was carried out on primary seed production on the varieties of fodder beet “Uzbekistan-83”, corn “Uzbekistan-2018”, oats “Uzbek broadleaf” and triticale varieties “Silver Prague”. This article presents the results of primary seed production on forage crops of the above varieties.
The concept of the phytogenic field: theory, research experience and practical significance
Authors: Shamsutdinov Z , Ubaydullaev Sh , Shamsutdinov N , Mirzaev B , Mamatov F , Chorshabiyev N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the theoretical foundations of the concept of the phytogenic field, to show the fruitfulness and practical feasibility of studying the phytogenic field of plants, especially edificatory species, using the example of studies carried out in various ecological and phytocenotic conditions and to determine the effect of uneven-aged black saxaul plants on wormwood-ephemeral vegetation by studying phytogenic field of this edificator species. The phytogenic field of black saxaul was studied by the phytometer method in the Karnabchul desert. It was found that the phytogenic effect of the edificator on the wormwood-ephemeral vegetation is observed at a distance of 90-150 cm outside the crown, depending on the age state of black saxaul. The average crown radius of black saxaul in the studied phytocenosis is 115 cm, and the average radius of its phytogenic field is 235 cm.To create a continuous integral phytogenic field in the entire phytocenosis, 434 black saxaul individuals per 1 ha are required evenly.
Econometric methods for solving problems of analysis and forecasting dynamics of yield of agricultural crops
Authors: Rakhmanov Sh , Turgunov T T , Kusharov Z K , Mengnorov A A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article is devoted to the use of limited resources in agricultural production, forecasting profitability and productivity, improving the integration of agricultural enterprises, analyzing the results of factors-dependent, using economic-mathematical and econometric (additive, multiplicative and multiple (proportional)) models, econometric studies based on the application of econometric methods for planning and forecasting agro-economic development of agriculture, and also search for new scientific approaches to agroeconomic forecasting.
The range of key objectives of agro-economic forecasting is defined, that is, determining the level of satisfaction of demand for agricultural products in the near future, as well as creating an effective production management system and ensuring sustainable economic development, and its relationship with industry and other sectors in the region. The optimal solutions are achieved due to higher economic identification of factors and sources of economic growth, systematic analysis of conditions in the implementation of an integrated approach in economic processes.
HVIDB: a comprehensive database for human–virus protein–protein interactions
Authors: Yang Xiaodi , Lian Xianyi , Fu Chen , Wuchty Stefan , Yang Shiping , Zhang Ziding 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile leading to millions of people’s deaths every year the treatment of viral infectious diseases remains a huge public health challenge.Therefore, an in-depth understanding of human–virus protein–protein interactions (PPIs) as the molecular interface between a virus and its host cell is of paramount importance to obtain new insights into the pathogenesis of viral infections and development of antiviral therapeutic treatments. However, current human–virus PPI database resources are incomplete, lack annotation and usually do not provide the opportunity to computationally predict human–virus PPIs. Here, we present the Human–Virus Interaction DataBase (HVIDB, http://zzdlab.com/hvidb/) that provides comprehensively annotated human–virus PPI data as well as seamlessly integrates online PPI prediction tools. Currently, HVIDB highlights 48 643 experimentally verified human–virus PPIs covering 35 virus families, 6633 virally targeted host complexes, 3572 host dependency/restriction factors as well as 911 experimentally verified/predicted 3D complex structures of human–virus PPIs. Furthermore, our database resource provides tissue-specific expression profiles of 6790 human genes that are targeted by viruses and 129 Gene Expression Omnibus series of differentially expressed genes post-viral infections. Based on these multifaceted and annotated data, our database allows the users to easily obtain reliable information about PPIs of various human viruses and conduct an in-depth analysis of their inherent biological significance. In particular, HVIDB also integrates well-performing machine learning models to predict interactions between the human host and viral proteins that are based on (i) sequence embedding techniques, (ii) interolog mapping and (iii) domain–domain interaction inference. We anticipate that HVIDB will serve as a one-stop knowledge base to further guide hypothesis-driven experimental efforts to investigate human–virus relationships.
Bioinformatics and system biology approach to identify the influences of COVID-19 on cardiovascular and hypertensive comorbidities
Authors: Nashiry Asif , Sarmin Sumi Shauli , Islam Salequl , Quinn Julian M W , Moni Mohammad Ali 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected individuals that have hypertension or cardiovascular comorbidities have an elevated risk of serious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and high rates of mortality but how COVID-$19$ and cardiovascular diseases interact are unclear. We therefore sought to identify novel mechanisms of interaction by identifying genes with altered expression in SARS-CoV-$2$ infection that are relevant to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Some recent research shows the SARS-CoV-$2$ uses the angiotensin converting enzyme-$2$ (ACE-$2$) as a receptor to infect human susceptible cells. The ACE2 gene is expressed in many human tissues, including intestine, testis, kidneys, heart and lungs. ACE2 usually converts Angiotensin I in the renin–angiotensin-aldosterone system to Angiotensin II, which affects blood pressure levels. ACE inhibitors prescribed for cardiovascular disease and hypertension may increase the levels of ACE-$2$, although there are claims that such medications actually reduce lung injury caused by COVID-$19$. We employed bioinformatics and systematic approaches to identify such genetic links, using messenger RNA data peripheral blood cells from COVID-$19$ patients and compared them with blood samples from patients with either chronic heart failure disease or hypertensive diseases. We have also considered the immune response genes with elevated expression in COVID-$19$ to those active in cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common to COVID-$19$ and chronic heart failure, and common to COVID-$19$ and hypertension, were identified; the involvement of these common genes in the signalling pathways and ontologies studied. COVID-$19$ does not share a large number of differentially expressed genes with the conditions under consideration. However, those that were identified included genes playing roles in T cell functions, toll-like receptor pathways, cytokines, chemokines, cell stress, type 2 diabetes and gastric cancer. We also identified protein–protein interactions, gene regulatory networks and suggested drug and chemical compound interactions using the differentially expressed genes. The result of this study may help in identifying significant targets of treatment that can combat the ongoing pandemic due to SARS-CoV-$2$ infection.
Understanding Transportation difficulty Among older adults in Ghana from the Perspective of World Health Organisation’s Healthy Ageing framework: Lessons for Improving Social Work Practice with Older Adults
Authors: Awuviry-Newton Kofi , Ofori-Dua Kwadwo , Newton Abraham 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Social work profession can be useful in addressing the transportation needs of older adults. However, there is a paucity of knowledge concerning this need in Ghana. The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors relating to transportation difficulty among older adults in Ghana, employing the World Health Organisation (WHO) Healthy Ageing framework. The implications of the findings on social work practice with older adults in Ghana are herein discussed. Data for 5,107 adults aged fifty years or more came from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health Ghana Wave 1. Transportation difficulty was assessed using the self-reported question. In the last thirty days, how much difficulty did you have with getting to where you want to go using private or public transport if needed?” Logistic regression tested associations between transportation difficulty and other independent variables. About 31 per cent of the participants, mostly women (54.7 per cent), experienced transportation difficulty. Associated factors included (not exhaustive) advanced age, lower household income, chronic diseases and lack of trust for others. A high prevalence of transportation difficulty exists among older adults in Ghana and is holistically related. Social work’s intervention to address the transportation needs of older adults in Ghana should be holistic; incorporating the significant factors identified affecting older adults’ well-being.
Shared Non-responsibility in International Law? Defences and the Responsibility of Co-perpetrators and Accessories in the Guiding Principles
Authors: Paddeu Federica I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This comment assesses the approach to the reach of defences beyond the international legal person(s) who is (or are) the author(s) of the internationally wrongful act articulated in Guiding Principle 5 of the Guiding Principles on Shared Responsibility in International Law. It will focus on three main points: (1) whether the choice in respect of the reach of defences in Principle 5 is justifiable for the international legal order; (2) the reach of defences in cases of coercion, where the coerced party may benefit from a defence due to the coercion (in the form of a force majeure defence); and (3) the ‘blindspot’ in the Guiding Principles in relation to defences of accessories, in particular where the conditions for accessorial liability are defined broadly as in the case of Principle 6 on aid and assistance.
‘Business Risk-Assumption’ as a Criterion for the Determination of EU Employment Status: A Critical Evaluation
Authors: Georgiou Despoina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the European legal order, the criterion of ‘business risk-assumption’ is increasingly being used by the ECJ as an element that would point to the existence of an independent working relationship. To what type of risks is the Court referring to? What are the normative underpinnings of this criterion and is it still effective in classifying modern-day workers? This paper responds to these questions by analysing and critically evaluating the use of ‘business risk-assumption’ as a criterion for the determination of EU employment status. More precisely, in section 2, I revisit the classical paradigm that led to the adoption of this criterion and demonstrate how it has been superseded by recent changes in market structures. In section 3, I show why employment status cannot just be left up to the parties and advocate for the need for an alternative ‘risk’-based criterion that would mitigate the deficiencies of the current framework, precipitating the fair mutualisation of risks between the parties. Finally, in section 4, I present and critically evaluate alternative ‘risk’-related criteria that have been proposed in the literature. After analysing the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, I argue in favour of a classification criterion based on the ‘involuntary assumption of risks’ measured by the ‘inability of a person to spread his risks’. If adopted, the proffered criterion would lead to the expansion of the EU nomen juris of ‘worker’, allowing for the protection of vulnerable quasi-subordinate persons that are excluded from the current EU ‘worker’ definition.
The Evolution of Derived Monomorphism From Sexual Dimorphism: A Case Study on Salamanders
Authors: Staub Nancy L 
Published: December 2020

Synopsis
While sexual dimorphism has long received special attention from biologists, derived monomorphism, the condition in which both males and females express similar derived features has been less well studied. Historically, the appearance of “male-like” features in females has been explained by the genetic correlation between the sexes. Recent work emphasizes the importance of studying the independent selective forces on both females and males to understand sexual dimorphism. Sexual dimorphism and derived monomorphism in the genus Aneides are examined in light of predictions of social selection. Aneides hardii shows the greatest degree of sexual dimorphism in snout–vent length and head width, with the other species of Aneides less sexually dimorphic. This reduced dimorphism, however, is not a return to an ancestral monomorphic state, but rather exemplifies derived monomorphism because females express traits that were limited in expression to males of ancestral species. Instead of calling these “male-typical” traits in females, I suggest the term “derived monomorphic” traits as these traits are typical in these females, and “derived monomorphic” can apply to both sexes. Increased attention to studying the patterns and ecological significance of derived monomorphism will shed light on the underlying selective forces, including sexual selection, on both females and males.
Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis of the Breast: Radiologic–Pathologic Correlation
Authors: Kataria Niketa , Parker Elizabeth U , Kilgore Mark R , Scheel John R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Granulomatous inflammation is an uncommon inflammatory condition of the breast that includes both infectious (bacterial, fungal, parasitic) and noninfectious (autoimmune, sarcoidosis, idiopathic granulomatous mastitis [IGM], reaction to foreign materials) etiologies. IGM is the most common subset of granulomatous inflammation where no underlying etiology is established. Infectious causes of granulomatous inflammation should be excluded, as these have established treatments that can significantly improve patient outcomes. IGM should be considered in the differential when mastitis is refractory to antibiotics. Patients usually present with an erythematous, tender, palpable unilateral breast mass. The most common mammographic presentation is a focal or global asymmetry. The imaging appearance mimics breast cancer, therefore diagnosis usually requires tissue sampling with histopathologic analysis and cultures to exclude infection. When patients are diagnosed with IGM, this poses a clinical dilemma as there are a variety of treatment options available, including oral and intralesional steroids. The time course of the disease is often prolonged by multiple recurrences, and specific treatment remains an area of ongoing research. The purpose of this article is to review the range of clinical features, imaging manifestations, associated histopathology, and management of IGM.
Forced Migration as a Crisis in Masculinity: A Sociological Approach to Refugee Men’s Remasculinization Strategies in Turkey
Authors: Çarpar Mehmet Can , Göktuna Yaylaci Filiz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on the changes in masculinity identity caused by forced migration and remasculinization strategies developed by men against this situation. This qualitative study sets out the idea that forced migration causes the dramatic changes in gender roles, especially in the identity of masculinity. In this context, data were collected from 15 male refugees who flee from different countries to Turkey through semi-structured interviews. According to the data, forced migration refers to a crisis in masculinity that shook the power of some men. Men cannot perform the various roles that traditionally attributed to masculine identity, due to poverty and unemployment they face by displacement. In the face of this situation, some men try to reconstruct and regain their power and masculinity identity by developing different remasculinization strategies. These are realized by emphasizing the roles of hegemonic masculinity that men can perform in the process of forced migration.
CDC25B partners with PP2A to induce AMPK activation and tumor suppression in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Cairns Junmei , Ly Reynold C , Niu Nifang , Kalari Krishna R , Carlson Erin E , Wang Liewei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cell division cycle 25 (CDC25) dual specificity phosphatases positively regulate the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase/cyclin complexes. Here, we demonstrate that in addition to its role in cell cycle regulation, CDC25B functions as a regulator of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a major cellular Ser/Thr phosphatase, through its direct interaction with PP2A catalytic subunit. Importantly, CDC25B alters the regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling (AMPK) by PP2A, increasing AMPK activity by inhibiting PP2A to dephosphorylate AMPK. CDC25B depletion leads to metformin resistance by inhibiting metformin-induced AMPK activation. Furthermore, dual inhibition of CDC25B and PP2A further inhibits growth of 3D organoids isolated from patient derived xenograft model of breast cancer compared to CDC25B inhibition alone. Our study identifies CDC25B as a regulator of PP2A, and uncovers a mechanism of controlling the activity of a key energy metabolism marker, AMPK.