bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Within‐person analysis of developmental cascades between externalising and internalising problems
Authors: Murray Aja Louise , Eisner Manuel , Ribeaud Denis 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundIn a large body of previous research, cross‐lagged panel models (CLPMs) have been used to provide empirical support for developmental models that posit a cascade from externalising‐to‐internalising problems. These developmental models, however, arguably refer to within‐person processes whereas CLPMs provide a difficult‐to‐interpret blend of within‐ and between‐ person effects.MethodsWe used autoregressive latent trajectory models with structured residuals (ALT‐SR) to evaluate whether there is evidence for externalising‐to‐internalising cascades at the within‐person level when disaggregating between‐ and within‐ person effects. We used eight waves of data (age 7–15) from the Zurich Project on Social Development from Childhood to Adulthood (z‐proso).ResultsALT‐SR fit better than the corresponding CLPMs. Using an ALT‐SR, we found evidence for externalising‐to‐internalising cascades, consistent with previous CLPM studies. However, we also found some evidence for effects in the ALT‐SR that were not apparent in the CLPM, including a negative effect of externalising on internalising problems in adolescence. In addition, a negative effect of internalising on externalising problems in adolescence was found in both the CLPM and ALT‐SR.ConclusionsWithin‐person results were largely consistent with previous evidence from CLPMs; however, at the within‐person level, externalising and internalising may negatively influence one another in adolescence.
Factors Affecting the Mixotrophic Flagellate Poterioochromonas malhamensis Grazing on Chlorella Cells
Authors: Wei Chaojun , Wang Hongxia , Ma Mingyang , Hu Qiang , Gong Yingchun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGrazing behaviour between protozoa and phytoplankton exists widely in planktonic ecosystems. Poterioochromonas malhamensis is a well‐known and widespread mixotrophic flagellate, which is recognized to play an important role within marine and freshwater planktonic ecosystems and regarded as the greatest contamination threat for mass algal cultures of Chlorella. In this study, a comprehensive range of factors, including morphological characters, biochemical compositions, and specific growth rate of ten species or strains of Chlorella, were evaluated for their effect on the feeding ability of P. malhamensis, which was assessed by two parameters: the clearance rate of P. malhamensis on Chlorella spp. and the specific growth rate of P. malhamensis. The results showed that the clearance rate of P. malhamensis was negatively correlated with cell wall thickness and specific growth rate of Chlorella spp., while the specific growth rate of P. malhamensis was positively correlated with carbohydrate percentage and C/N ratio and negatively correlated with protein, lipid percentage, and nitrogen mass. In conclusion, the factors influencing feeding selectivity include not only the morphological character and chemical composition of Chlorella, but also its population dynamics. Our study provides useful insights into the key factors that affect the feeding selectivity of P. malhamensis and provides basic and constructive data to help in screening for grazing‐resistant microalgae.
Characterisation of stem and proliferating cells on the retina and lens of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus
Authors: Hussein Mona N. A. , Cao Xiaojuan , Elokil Abdelmotaleb A. , Huang Songqian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe eye of the fish has a lifelong persistent neurogenesis unlike eye of mammals, so it's highly interesting to study retinal neurogenesis and its genetic control to give complete knowledge about the cause of this property in fish in comparison to mammals. We performed fluorescent in situ hybridisation for loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus bmi1, msi1 and sox2 genes, which are used as an indicator of the sites of multipotent stem cells. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), bromodeoxyuridine (BRDU) and KI67 markers were used as indicators of proliferating cells and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunofluorescence was used for detection of the glial property of cells, as well as, immunohistochemistry detected the role of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)α and γ in retinal neurogenesis. Our results determined that the lens and the retina of loach M. anguillicaudatus contain proliferative and pluripotent stem cells that have both glial and neuroepithelial properties, which add new cells continuously throughout life even without injury‐induced proliferation. The PPARα has an essential function in providing energy supply for retinal neurogenesis more than PPARγ.
Modulations of probiotics on gut microbiota in a 5‐fluorouracil‐induced mouse model of mucositis
Authors: Yeung Chun‐Yan , Chiang Chiau Jen‐Shiu , Cheng Mei‐Lein , Chan Wai‐Tao , Chang Szu‐Wen , Chang Yuan‐Hao , Jiang Chuen‐Bin , Lee Hung‐Chang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and AimIntestinal mucositis remained one of the most deleterious complications in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. 5‐FU treatment was reported to affect the abundance of gut microbiota and cause mucositis, which might be ameliorated by probiotics. We investigate the potential changes of 5‐FU treatment and the modulations of probiotics on gut microbiota in a mouse model.MethodsMale BALB/c mice received either 5‐FU or saline (S). They were separated and fed saline, Lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus (Lcr) and Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (BG). Lcr and BG were simultaneously administered with 5‐FU for 5 days. Stool specimens were collected for DNA extraction and pyrosequenced for bioinformatic analysis.ResultsFecal microbial communities were obviously diverse. Bacteroides and Bacteroidaceae were the most abundant microbiota in FU.BG group while S24_7 was the most in S.S group. At phylum and class levels, abundances of Betaproteobacteria, Erysipelotrichi, Gammaproteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia were significantly increased in the FU groups. Probiotics supplementation did increase the abundances of Enterobacteriales and Turicibacterales. We demonstrated that probiotics did modulate the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota. Bacterial motility proteins were found enriched and upregulated in the S.BG group. No mortality was noted. No bacterial translocation was found in spleen and blood among the six groups.ConclusionGut microbiota of mice undergoing chemotherapy exhibited a distinct disruption in bacterial composition. Probiotic did modulate the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota. This is the first study to analyze the effects and safety of Lactobacillus strains on 5‐FU‐induced mucositis systematically and assess changes in the intestinal microbiota after probiotic intervention.
Magnetic resonance enterography for predicting the clinical course of Crohn's disease strictures
Authors: Schulberg Julien D , Wright Emily K , Holt Bronte A , Sutherland Tom R , Hume Simon J , Hamilton Amy L , Ross Alyson L , Connell William C , Brown Steven J , Lust Mark , Miller Ashley M , Bell Sally J , Kamm Michael A 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsStrictures are the most common Crohn's disease complication, but their natural history is unknown. This study aimed to characterize inflammation, predict prognosis, and understand the impact of drug therapy using magnetic resonance enterography (MRE).MethodsPatients with a stricture diagnosed on MRE over a 5‐year period were reviewed for MRE disease extent and inflammation, clinical course, C‐reactive protein, response to anti‐TNF therapy, endoscopic dilatation, hospitalization, and surgery.Results136 patients had 235 strictures (77, one and 59, ≥ 2 strictures). Treatment: 46% of patients underwent surgery after a median 6 months; median follow‐up for those not requiring surgery was 41 months. Predictors of surgery: Hospitalization because of obstruction predicted subsequent surgery (OR 2.50; 95% CI 1.06–5.90) while anti‐TNF therapy commenced at stricture diagnosis was associated with a reduced risk (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.05–0.99). MRE characteristics associated with surgery were proximal bowel dilatation ≥ 30‐mm diameter (OR 2.98; 95% CI 1.36–6.55), stricture bowel wall thickness ≥ 10‐mm (OR 2.42; 95% CI 1.11–5.27), and stricture length > 5‐cm (OR 2.56; 95% CI 1.21–5.43). 81% of patients with these three adverse MRE features required surgery versus 17% if none were present (P < 0.001). Accuracy for these three MRE variables predicting surgery was high (AUC 0.76).ConclusionMagnetic resonance enterography findings in Crohn's disease strictures are highly predictive of the disease course and the need for future surgery. MRE may also identify who would benefit from treatment intensification. Anti‐TNF therapy is associated with reduced risk of surgery and appears to alter the natural history of this complication.
Concordance regarding disease type and phenotypic characteristics among patients with familial inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Park Sang Hyoung , Hwang Sung Wook , Ye Byong Duk , Noh Soomin , Park Jae Cheol , Kim Jin Yong , Kim Jeongseok , Ham Nam Seok , Oh Eun Hye , Yang Dong‐Hoon , Byeon Jeong‐Sik , Myung Seung‐Jae , Yang Suk‐Kyun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsThe phenotypic concordance among familial cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been rarely reported. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the concordance regarding disease type and phenotypic features in a large cohort of Korean patients with IBD.MethodsA total of 6647 patients with IBD who visited the Asan Medical Center between June 1989 and September 2016 were enrolled in the study. When at least two familial cases existed in our cohort, they were included in the concordance analysis (κ index). The concordance between younger and older members for IBD type [Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)] and phenotypic characteristics such as disease extent and location, disease behavior, the use of medication, and need for surgery were evaluated.ResultsA positive family history of IBD was noted in 216 patients with CD (7.0%) and in 238 patients with UC (6.7%). Of all patients, 167 consanguineous pairs in 146 families were identified. The crude concordance rate for IBD type was 82.6% with a κ index of 0.656 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.545–0.768, good concordance]. There was mild concordance for disease location in CD (κ = 0.256; 95% CI: 0.007–0.505) and for the use of antitumor necrosis factor agents in UC (κ = 0.354; 95% CI: −0.049–0.757). The concordance for IBD type and several phenotypes in first‐degree relative pairs was better than that in the entire pairs.ConclusionsDisease type and phenotypic characteristics of patients with familial IBD may be anticipated.
Quality Innovation Networks Share Varied Resources for Nursing Homes on Mostly User‐Friendly Websites
Authors: Quigley Denise D. , Dick Andrew , Stone Patricia W. 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVEQuality innovation networks' (QINs’) support of nursing homes (NHs) is a national strategy to systematically improve the quality of care experienced by residents. QINs have been tasked with providing NHs with information, resources, tools, and training to assist in developing best practices and to support quality improvement efforts in infection prevention (including joining the National Healthcare Safety Network [NHSN]), avoid unnecessary hospitalizations, and increase use of hospice and palliative care. Our objective was to examine QIN online resources provided to NHs to support best practices and improvement efforts.DESIGNAn environmental scan was conducted.SETTING/MEASUREMENTEach QIN website was evaluated on (1) usability, (2) accessibility and prominence, (3) website design, (4) availability of training materials, (5) recency of update, (6) identification of key personnel, and (8) quality focus areas (ie, infection prevention, NHSN, antibiotic stewardship, reducing unnecessary or avoidable hospitalizations, and palliative and hospice care).RESULTSQIN websites varied dramatically in design and resources offered to NHs as well as in the content and ease of finding information. Antibiotic stewardship and NHSN resources were widely available. Information (ie, fact sheets) on reducing avoidable hospitalizations was commonly available, while resources, such as tool kits, webinars, training, and contact information for personnel on reducing avoidable hospitalizations, were available to 23 states. Infection prevention resources were varied and limited to 34 states. Both palliative care and hospice resources were available through only a few QINs (13 states and 20 states, respectively).CONCLUSIONSGiven that much of the information, tool kits, and resources are standardized and in the public domain, centralized resources with tailored or specialized links to unique local resources, like in‐person trainings and state‐specific contact information, could be more beneficial for NHs. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2376–2381, 2019
Relationship of Cigarette Smoking and Time of Quitting with Incident Dementia and Cognitive Decline
Authors: Deal Jennifer A. , Power Melinda C. , Palta Priya , Alonso Alvaro , Schneider Andrea L.C. , Perryman Kelly , Bandeen‐Roche Karen , Sharrett A. Richey 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVESUnderstanding how dementia risk is impacted by timing of smoking cessation has public health implications for prevention efforts. We investigated the relationship of cigarette smoking and cessation with dementia risk and cognitive decline in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.DESIGNOngoing prospective cohort study.SETTINGBegun in 1987‐1989, ARIC was conducted in four US communities.PARTICIPANTSA total of 13 002 men and women (25% African American) aged 52 to 75 years.MEASUREMENTSAll‐cause dementia was defined using standardized algorithms incorporating longitudinal cognitive data, proxy report, and hospital and death certificate dementia codes. Cognitive decline was measured using a composite cognitive score created from three tests measured at two time points (1996‐1998 and 2011‐2013). Smoking and cessation status were defined by self‐report using data from 1987‐1989 (visit 1) and 1996‐1998 (visit 4). Incident dementia risk and differences in cognitive change by smoking status were estimated with Cox proportional hazards and linear regression models, respectively. To address smoking‐related attrition, cognitive scores were imputed for living participants with incomplete cognitive testing.RESULTSThe proportion of never, former, and current smokers was 44%, 41%, and 14%; 79% of former smokers quit 9 years or more before baseline. A total of 1347 participants developed dementia. After adjustment, compared with never smoking, the hazard ratio for all‐cause dementia for current smoking was 1.33 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12‐1.59) and for recent quitting (<9 y before baseline) was 1.24 (95% CI = 1.01‐1.52). Quitting 9 years or more before baseline was not associated with dementia. We found no differences in rates of cognitive decline by smoking status.CONCLUSIONAlthough quitting at any time suggested benefit, dementia risk depended on time since smoking cessation. Our study highlights the importance of early midlife cessation to decrease dementia risk. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:337–345, 2020
Comparing Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing Tools and Their Association With Patient Outcomes
Authors: Moriarty Frank , Bennett Kathleen , Kenny Rose Anne , Fahey Tom , Cahir Caitriona 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVETo assess the agreement of several different measures of potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) in older people and compare their relationship with patient‐reported outcomes.DESIGNProspective cohort study including participants in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).SETTINGWaves 1 and 2 of TILDA, a nationally representative aging cohort study.PARTICIPANTSA total of 1753 community‐dwelling TILDA participants with linked administrative pharmacy claims data on medications.MEASUREMENTSPotentially inappropriate medications were assessed using the Screening Tool of Older Persons' Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) v1, American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Beers Criteria® 2012, and relevant Assessing Care of Vulnerable Elders (ACOVE) v3 indicators. Potential prescribing omissions were assessed using the Screening Tool to Alert Doctors to the Right Treatment (START) v1 and ACOVE v3 indicators. Their agreement was assessed via κ statistics, and multivariate regression was used to assess relationships with emergency department visits, general practitioner (GP) visits, quality of life, and functional decline (increased assistance needed for activities of daily living).RESULTSThere was slight agreement between STOPP and AGS Beers Criteria® (κ = 0.20) and ACOVE indicators (κ = 0.15), while agreement between AGS Beers Criteria® and ACOVE indicators was fair (κ = 0.31). Agreement was fair between START and ACOVE indicators (κ = 0.34). All measures of inappropriate medications were significantly associated with increased GP visits. Only exposure to two or more START indicators was associated with reduced quality of life (adjusted mean difference = −1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.92 to −0.33), and only two or more AGS Beers Criteria® were associated with functional decline (adjusted odds ratio = 2.11; 95% CI = 1.37‐3.28). For omissions, both measures were associated with functional decline, but only ACOVE indicators were associated with increased GP visits.CONCLUSIONPrevalence of PIP and relationships with outcomes can differ substantially between tools with little agreement. Choice of PIP measure for research or practice should be considered in light of the circumstances and requirements in each case.J Am Geriatr Soc 68:526–534, 2020
Evaluation of the guaiac fecal occult blood test for detection of gastrointestinal bleeding in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Cooper Rachel Elizabeth , Hutchinson Eric Kenneth , Izzi Jessica Marie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage accompanies several common diseases of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Guaiac fecal occult blood testing (gFOBT) is a non‐invasive means to detect such bleeding in several species; however, there are currently no data indicating reliability of this test to detect GI hemorrhage in macaques.MethodsWe evaluated sensitivity and specificity of gFOBT to detect simulated and biopsy‐associated bleeding in the stomach, duodenum, and colon of 15 rhesus macaques. Fecal samples were analyzed via gFOBT for 72 hours.ResultsGuaiac fecal occult blood testing was more sensitive to detect lower vs upper GI bleeding; sensitivity was volume‐dependent in the upper GI tract. Single‐test specificity was 95.2%. Repeated fecal collections increased gFOBT sensitivity without affecting specificity.ConclusionsGuaiac fecal occult blood testing is a useful screening test for both upper and lower GI bleeding in rhesus macaques. For highest sensitivity, gFOBT should be performed on three fecal samples collected 24 hours apart.
Effects of low‐protein diet supplementation with alpha‐ketoglutarate on growth performance, nitrogen metabolism and mTOR signalling pathway of skeletal muscle in piglets
Authors: Zhao Lei , Guo Haolu , Sun Hui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExcessive protein levels in diets result in incomplete digestion of nitrogenous nutrients that are excreted from the body, causing environment pollution. Alpha‐ketoglutarate (AKG) has been reported to decrease dietary protein levels, promote intestinal health in piglets and reduce environmental pollution. However, the underlying mechanisms of AKG are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of low‐protein diet supplementation of AKG on the growth performance, nitrogen metabolism, relative expression of amino acid transporter genes and mTOR signalling pathway of skeletal muscle in piglets. Forty‐eight piglets with an initial weight of 11.53 ± 0.04 kg were randomly divided into four groups. Each group had four replicates, and each replicate had three pigs. A low‐protein (LP) diet (crude protein was 14.96%) served as the control without AKG, while 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% AKG were added to the LP diet for the other experimental groups. The trial period lasted for 28 days. Compared with the LP group, the LP + 1.0%A and LP + 1.5%A groups increased the growth performance (p < .05);increased the mRNA levels of amino acid transporters in the duodenum, anterior jejunum and posterior jejunum (p < .05); and reduced faecal nitrogen and urine nitrogen emissions (p < .05). They also showed greater mRNA levels and phosphorylated protein levels for S6 kinase beta (S6K) (p < .05), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (p < .05) and 4E‐binding protein 1 (4EBP1) (p < .05) in skeletal muscle. An LP diet supplemented with AKG activated the mTOR signalling and promoted the ability of the small intestine to absorb protein, thereby increasing protein deposition. Taken together, an LP diet supplemented with AKG provides a theoretical basis for the promotion and application of AKG in piglet production.
Actigraphic multi‐night home‐recorded sleep estimates reveal three types of sleep misperception in Insomnia Disorder and good sleepers
Authors: te Lindert Bart H. W. , Blanken Tessa F. , van der Meijden Wisse P. , Dekker Kim , Wassing Rick , van der Werf Ysbrand D. , Ramautar Jennifer R. , Van Someren Eus J. W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPeople with Insomnia Disorder tend to underestimate their sleep compared with polysomnography or actigraphy, a phenomenon known as paradoxical insomnia or sleep‐state misperception. Previous studies suggested that night‐to‐night variability could be an important feature differentiating subtypes of misperception. This study aimed for a data‐driven definition of misperception subtypes revealed by multiple sleep features including night‐to‐night variability. We assessed features describing the mean and dispersion of misperception and objective and subjective sleep duration from 7‐night diary and actigraphy recordings of 181 people with Insomnia Disorder and 55 people without sleep complaints. A minimally collinear subset of features was submitted to latent class analysis for data‐driven subtyping. Analysis revealed three subtypes, best discriminated by three of five selected features: an individual’s shortest reported subjective sleep duration; and the mean and standard deviation of misperception. These features were on average 5.4, −0.0 and 0.5 hr in one subtype accommodating the majority of good sleepers; 4.1, −1.4 and 1.0 hr in a second subtype representing the majority of people with Insomnia Disorder; and 1.7, −2.2 and 1.5 hr in a third subtype representing a quarter of people with Insomnia Disorder and hardly any good sleepers. Subtypes did not differ on an individual’s objective sleep duration mean (6.9, 7.2 and 6.9 hr) and standard deviation (0.8, 0.8 and 0.9 hr). Data‐driven analysis of naturalistic sleep revealed three subtypes that markedly differed in misperception features. Future studies may include misperception subtype to investigate whether it contributes to the unexplained considerable individual variability in treatment response.