bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of a Stochastic Parameterization Scheme on Climate Sensitivity in EC‐Earth
Authors: Strommen K. , Watson P. A. G. , Palmer T. N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStochastic schemes, designed to represent unresolved subgrid‐scale variability, are frequently used in short and medium‐range weather forecasts, where they are found to improve several aspects of the model. In recent years, the impact of stochastic physics has also been found to be beneficial for the model's long‐term climate. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time that the inclusion of a stochastic physics scheme can notably affect a model's projection of global warming, as well as its historical climatological global temperature. Specifically, we find that when including the “stochastically perturbed parametrization tendencies” (SPPT) scheme in the fully coupled climate model EC‐Earth v3.1, the predicted level of global warming between 1850 and 2100 is reduced by 10% under an RCP8.5 forcing scenario. We link this reduction in climate sensitivity to a change in the cloud feedbacks with SPPT. In particular, the scheme appears to reduce the positive low cloud cover feedback and increase the negative cloud optical feedback. A key role is played by a robust, rapid increase in cloud liquid water with SPPT, which we speculate is due to the scheme's nonlinear interaction with condensation.
Genetic and shared couple environmental contributions to smoking and alcohol use in the UK population
Authors: Clarke Toni-Kim , Adams Mark J. , Howard David M. , Xia Charley , Davies Gail , Hayward Caroline , Campbell Archie , Padmanabhan Sandosh , Smith Blair H. , Murray Alison , Porteous David , Deary Ian J. , McIntosh Andrew M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlcohol use and smoking are leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Both genetic and environmental factors have been shown to influence individual differences in the use of these substances. In the present study we tested whether genetic factors, modelled alongside common family environment, explained phenotypic variance in alcohol use and smoking behaviour in the Generation Scotland (GS) family sample of up to 19,377 individuals. SNP and pedigree-associated effects combined explained between 18 and 41% of the variance in substance use. Shared couple effects explained a significant amount of variance across all substance use traits, particularly alcohol intake, for which 38% of the phenotypic variance was explained. We tested whether the within-couple substance use associations were due to assortative mating by testing the association between partner polygenic risk scores in 34,987 couple pairs from the UK Biobank (UKB). No significant association between partner polygenic risk scores were observed. Associations between an individual's alcohol PRS (b = 0.05, S.E. = 0.006, p < 2 × 10−16) and smoking status PRS (b = 0.05, S.E. = 0.005, p < 2 × 10−16) were found with their partner’s phenotype. In support of this, G carriers of a functional ADH1B polymorphism (rs1229984), known to be associated with greater alcohol intake, were found to consume less alcohol if they had a partner who carried an A allele at this SNP. Together these results show that the shared couple environment contributes significantly to patterns of substance use. It is unclear whether this is due to shared environmental factors, assortative mating, or indirect genetic effects. Future studies would benefit from longitudinal data and larger sample sizes to assess this further.
Helium, inorganic and organic carbon isotopes of fluids and gases across the Costa Rica convergent margin
Authors: Barry Peter H. , Nakagawa Mayuko , Giovannelli Donato , Maarten de Moor J. , Schrenk Matthew , Seltzer Alan M. , Manini Elena , Fattorini Daniele , di Carlo Marta , Regoli Francesco , Fullerton Katherine , Lloyd Karen G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn 2017, fluid and gas samples were collected across the Costa Rican Arc. He and Ne isotopes, C isotopes as well as total organic and inorganic carbon concentrations were measured. The samples (n = 24) from 2017 are accompanied by (n = 17) samples collected in 2008, 2010 and 2012. He-isotopes ranged from arc-like (6.8 RA) to crustal (0.5 RA). Measured dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) δ13CVPDB values varied from 3.55 to −21.57‰, with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) following the trends of DIC. Gas phase CO2 only occurs within ~20 km of the arc; δ13CVPDB values varied from −0.84 to −5.23‰. Onsite, pH, conductivity, temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured; pH ranged from 0.9–10.0, conductivity from 200–91,900 μS/cm, temperatures from 23–89 °C and DO from 2–84%. Data were used to develop a model which suggests that ~91 ± 4.0% of carbon released from the slab/mantle beneath the Costa Rican forearc is sequestered within the crust by calcite deposition with an additional 3.3 ± 1.3% incorporated into autotrophic biomass.
Chinese herbal medicine for patients living with HIV in Guangxi province, China: an analysis of two registries
Authors: Sun Jin , Jiang Feng , Wen Bin , Liu Zhen-wei , Han Mei , Robinson Nicola , McGrath Nuala , Fei Yu-tong , Zhang Ying , Li Jing , Li Wen-yuan , Deng Xin , Liu Jian-Ping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) is the recommended first line therapy for patients with HIV. Since 2004, Chinese government has provided free Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for Chinese HIV/AIDS patients. Data of living patients with HIV from the NFTCMP database and Center for Disease Control (CDC) database during 2003–2016 in Guangxi province was obtained and compared. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their recorded treatment regimens. A total of 2954 patients with their treatment recorded in the two databases were included for analysis, their median age was 46 years (IQR = 36–59), and 64.63% were male. CHM regimens users had baseline CD4 cell counts (380.11 ± 240.59 cell/μL), approximately 100 cell/μL significantly higher than patients receiving CHM combined with ART regimens or only ART regimens. There was no significant difference in mortality among groups. All three regimens improved patients’ CD4 cell counts. Compared to the sharp improvement in ART group during the first 6 months, CD4 cell counts of patients in CHM group and CHM combined with ART group showed a smooth and steady rise. CD4 cell counts of the combined group remained much lower than ART group in the first 3 years, but overtook ART group in the fourth year.
IL-21 gene rs6822844 polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility
Authors: Yu Menglei , Hou Jingyi , Zheng Minghui , Cao Yi , Alike Yamuhanmode , Mi Yuanyuan , Zhu Jie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in pathogenesis and activity of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Meanwhile, genetic polymorphisms in the IL-21 gene may alter its expression. Previous studies have reported conflicting results assessing the association between the IL-21 rs6822844 G/T polymorphism and RA risk. Thus, it’s necessary to perform a meta-analysis to definite above relationship. PubMed database was searched for all papers published until October 20, 2019. Nine case–control studies with 9998 cases and 10742 controls were retrieved based on the search criteria at last. Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was used to calculate the strength of this association. Publication bias was detected using both Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Overall, the IL-21 rs6822844 G/T polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with decreased RA risk (e.g. T-allele versus G-allele: OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.72–0.91, P &lt; 0.001). In addition, decreased RA risk was also detected both in Asians (eg: TT+TG versus GG: OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.31–0.56, P &lt; 0.001) and Caucasians (eg: TT+TG versus GG: OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.80–0.91, P &lt; 0.001). A similar trend in association was found in the source of the control and genotype method subgroups. Furthermore, subgroup analysis of rheumatoid factor status revealed a protective relationship between the IL-21 rs6822844 G/T polymorphism and RF+/RF- RA risk. A similar relationship was noted in the anti-citrullinated protein antibody status subgroup. The results of the present study suggest that the IL-21 rs6822844 G/T polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased RA susceptibility.
Structural and functional characterization of buffalo oviduct-specific glycoprotein (OVGP1) expressed during estrous cycle
Authors: Choudhary Suman , Janjanam Jagadeesh , Kumar Sudarshan , Kaushik Jai K. , Mohanty Ashok K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOviduct-specific glycoprotein (OVGP1) is a high molecular weight chitinase-like protein belonging to GH18 family. It is secreted by non-ciliated epithelial cells of oviduct during estrous cycle providing an essential milieu for fertilization and embryo development. The present study reports the characterization of buffalo OVGP1 through structural modeling, carbohydrate-binding properties and evolutionary analysis. Structural model displayed the typical fold of GH18 family members till the boundary of chitinase-like domain further consisting of a large (β/α)8 TIM barrel sub-domain and a small (α+β) sub-domain. Two critical catalytic residues were found substituted in the catalytic centre (Asp to Phe118, Glu to Leu120) compared with the active chitinase. The carbohydrate-binding groove in TIM barrel was lined with various conserved aromatic residues. Molecular docking with different sugars revealed the involvement of various residues in hydrogen-bonding and non-bonded contacts. Most of the substrate-binding residues were conserved except for a few replacements (Ser13, Lys48, Asp49, Pro50, Asp167, Glu199, Gln272 and Phe275) in comparison with other GH18 members. The residues Trp10, Trp79, Asn80, Gln272, Phe275 and Trp334 were involved in recognition of all six ligands. The α+β sub-domain participated in sugar-binding through Thr270, Gln272, Tyr242 and Phe275. The binding assays revealed significant sugar-binding with purified native and recombinant OVGP1. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that OVGP1 was closely related to AMCases followed by other CLPs and evolution of OVGP1 occurred through several gene duplications. This is the first study describing the structural characteristics of OVGP1 that will further help to understand its interaction with gametes to perform crucial reproductive functions.
Cognitive and Behavioral Strategies for the Treatment of Feeding Disorders in Adolescents
Authors: Huston Parker L. , Dempster Robert , Garbacz Lauren 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Significant feeding problems often, but not always, co-occur with medical, developmental, emotional, or behavioral difficulties. Consequently, providers from multiple disciplines often interact with these patients for treatment. There is limited research and guidance in the literature about working with young adolescent patients who demonstrate feeding challenges. This article describes some of the most common evidence-based psychological techniques used in the treatment of adolescents with feeding disorders, including motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral techniques. A case example is also used to illustrate these principles in practice. The goal of this article is to provide a high-level overview of these concepts so that providers outside of psychology may utilize some of the theories in treatment with similar patients, when referral to a behavioral specialist or psychologist is not feasible.

Conclusions
This clinical commentary discusses common strategies used by psychologists to treat feeding disorders, especially those primarily with anxiety presentation, in the outpatient setting. The psychological techniques described herein are complementary with most therapeutic strategies for the treatment of feeding disorders and, in many cases, may further enhance the success of the therapy treatment process. The most important theme of these techniques is a gradual approach to exposure and teaching of appropriate coping strategies to manage anxiety when practicing a new or challenging task. Providing education to the patient and parent, while also allowing understanding of the underlying process of anxiety as it relates to behavior, mood, and thoughts, can help guide treatment planning and goal setting.
Comparison of adolescent's values: Riga and Vidzeme region
Authors: Mihailova Sandra , Martinsone Kristine , Pipcane Arta 
Published: November 2019

The determination of individual values is the first step in the process of the personal development. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to investigate the difference between value hierarchies of Riga students and rural students and their subjective opinions about factors affecting them and compare the results with the values of previous generations. It is a pilot study with a comparative cross-sectional design. The study was carried out in several schools of Latvia in 2018: 2 schools of Riga and 2 rural schools of Vidzeme region. Participants were 11th and 12th grade students: 50 from Riga, 50 from rural schools. The research of values was based on the M. Rokeach value ranking test. It is found that the individual hierarchies of values in one group context differ more than hierarchies of adolescent groups of various years and different backgrounds. There are no significant differences related to the terminal and instrumental values between adolescents of Riga and rural areas: love, cheerfulness and education are more important for Riga students, but rural students prefer responsibility, obedience, capability. Some values have not been influenced by time or socio-economic and political situation, but some values have increased or decreased their significance with years.
Legal and practical aspects of establishing servitude of right of way by court judgment within the framework of urban and rural development and changing global conditions
Authors: Dinsberga Jolanta , Savickis Valdis 
Published: November 2019

As a result of urban and rural development new land areas are being acquired. However, many proprietors face challenges in terms of inability to access their immovable properties due to the reason that they are not adjacent to public roads. One of the ways how a person can acquire the right to use his or her property is to request a court to determine servitude of right of way to access the property. The goal of this study is as follows: to identify the problems of the described topic, to draw conclusions and to offer solutions to solve the identified problems by studying the legal framework of establishing servitude of right of way and the specific features of the application thereof. Methodology applied in the study: 1) general scientific – descriptive, analytical, modelling, dogmatic, deductive, and inductive; 2) interpretation of legal norms – grammatical, systematic, and teleological. Issues covered in the study: jurisdiction of the disputes over servitude of right of way; time limits for dispute resolution by courts; and impact of the initiation of insolvency proceedings on the progress of cases related to establishing servitude of right of way by a court. The following conclusions were drawn by the authors at the end of the study: global changes generate the necessity to facilitate urban and rural development in Latvia, inter alia, to tackle the issues of property accessibility.
A technical review of artificial intelligence as applied to gastrointestinal endoscopy: clarifying the terminology
Authors: Ebigbo Alanna , Palm Christoph , Probst Andreas , Mendel Robert , Manzeneder Johannes , Prinz Friederike , de Souza Luis A. , Papa João P. , Siersema Peter , Messmann Helmut 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background and aim The growing number of publications on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine underlines the enormous importance and potential of this emerging field of research. In gastrointestinal endoscopy, AI has been applied to all segments of the gastrointestinal tract most importantly in the detection and characterization of colorectal polyps. However, AI research has been published also in the stomach and esophagus for both neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders. The various technical as well as medical aspects of AI, however, remain confusing especially for non-expert physicians. This physician-engineer co-authored review explains the basic technical aspects of AI and provides a comprehensive overview of recent publications on AI in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Finally, a basic insight is offered into understanding publications on AI in gastrointestinal endoscopy.
An Introduction to and Translation of Chaïm Perelman’s 1933 De l’arbitraire dans laconnaissance [On the Arbitrary in Knowledge]
Authors: Bolduc Michelle , Frank David A. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
This is an introduction to and translation of Chaïm Perelman’s “De l’arbitraire dans la connaissance” published in 1933 by Maurice Lambertin publishing house. De l’arbitraire dans la connaissance has important implications for an understanding of Perelman’s intellectual development generally and specifically for an understanding the evolution of his New Rhetoric Project.
Dissociating Power and Racism: Stokely Carmichael at Berkeley
Authors: Hatch Justin D. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
An analysis of Stokely Carmichael’s dissociation of “racism” attempted at UC Berkeley on October 29, 1966 extends the utility of Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca’s “dissociation of concepts” for those seeking racial justice. I offer a new term “subversive dissociations” to theorize the foundations of racist dominant narratives as what Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca call “linguistic common property.” This move reframes dissociative challenges to dominant narratives as attempts to counter other dissociations and thus makes available a set of tools outlined in The New Rhetoric for that purpose. Dissociation emerges as a dynamic anti-racist strategy.
Magnetic resonance-based computed tomography metal artifact reduction using Bayesian modelling
Authors: Nielsen Jonathan Scharff , Edmund Jens Morgenthaler , Van Leemput Koen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMetal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithms reduce the errors caused by metal implants in x-ray computed tomography (CT) images and are an important part of error management in radiotherapy. A promising MAR approach is to leverage the information in magnetic resonance (MR) images that can be acquired for organ or tumor delineation. This is however complicated by the ambiguous relationship between CT values and conventional-sequence MR intensities as well as potential co-registration issues. In order to address these issues, this paper proposes a self-tuning Bayesian model for MR-based MAR that combines knowledge of the MR image intensities in local spatial neighborhoods with the information in an initial, corrupted CT reconstructed using filtered back projection. We demonstrate the potential of the resulting model in three widely-used MAR scenarios: image inpainting, sinogram inpainting and model-based iterative reconstruction. Compared to conventional alternatives in a retrospective study on nine head-and-neck patients with CT and T1-weighted MR scans, we find improvements in terms of image quality and quantitative CT value accuracy within each scenario. We conclude that the proposed model provides a versatile way to use the anatomical information in a co-acquired MR scan to boost the performance of MAR algorithms.
Study on tribological properties of palm kernel fiber for brake pad applications
Authors: Sai Krishnan G , Ganesh Babu L , Pradhan Raghuram , Kumar S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The need of the natural fibers as an alternative for existing synthetic fibers is in great demand for automotive applications. The primary objective of this work is to examine the effect of palm kernel fibers as the replacement of existing synthetic fibers. In this work the palm kernel shell fiber is added in three different weight percentages such as 0%, 5% and 10% and developed in the form of the standard brake pad as per industrial standards by keeping the Barites were used as an space filling ingredient. The various Physical, Chemical and mechanical properties were examined as per industrial standards. Chase Test Rig was used to examine the Tribological properties. Based on the evaluated Results it can be concluded that the coefficient of friction shows a decreasing value on increasing the fiber content. The Brake pad Composites containing 5 wt% of palm kernel fibers possessed high frictional value 0.454 and fade percentage was low with minimal undulations. Palm kernel fibers with 10 weight percentages showed some undulations. It can be concluded Palm Kernel Fiber with 5 weight percentage can be used as a replacement of the synthetic fibers. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to determine the wear mechanism of the developed brake pad composites.
In the Wake: Postcolonial Migrations from the Horn of Africa
Authors: Duncan Derek 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Abu Bakr Khaal’s African Titanics (written in Arabic) and Jonny Steinberg’s A Man of Good Hope (written in English) track diasporic movements from the former Italian colonies of Eritrea and Somalia. Focusing on mobility as well as memory, both books trace complicated and unpredictable patterns of forced displacement and precarious settlement. African Titanics charts the journey from Eritrea to the shores of the Mediterranean and the sea crossing to Europe, while A Man of Good Hope follows the movement overland from Somalia to South Africa. Both texts delineate communities networked across national borders and propose an alternative geography formed by cultural commonality rather than geopolitical division. The essay draws on Christina Sharpe’s concept of the ‘wake’ as a means of understanding how migrant subjectivity and community are formed through the multiple forms of racialized violence experienced in transnational mobility.
3-D dc resistivity modelling based on spectral element method with unstructured tetrahedral grids
Authors: Zhu Jiao , Yin Changchun , Liu Youshan , Liu Yunhe , Liu Ling , Yang Zhilong , Qiu Changkai 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARY
In this paper, we propose a spectral element method (SEM) based on unstructured tetrahedral grids for direct current (dc) resistivity modelling. Unlike the tensor-product of 1-D Gauss–Lobatto–Legendre (GLL) quadrature in conventional SEM, we use Proriol–Koornwinder–Dubiner (PKD) polynomials to form the high-order basis polynomials on tetrahedral grids. The final basis functions are established by using Vandermonde matrix. Compared to traditional SEM, our method truly takes into account the high precision of spectral method and the flexibility of finite element method with unstructured grids for modelling the complex underground structures. After addressing the theory on the construction of basis functions and interpolation and integration nodes, we validate our algorithm using the analytical solutions for a layered earth model and the results from other methods for multiple geoelectrical models. We further investigate a dual-track scheme for improving the accuracy of our SEM by increasing the order of interpolation polynomials or by refining the grids.