bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is familicide a distinct subtype of mass murder? Evidence from a Swiss national cohort
Authors: Frei Andreas , Ilic Andrea 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundFamilicide is defined as the killing of a whole family and, numerically, a form of “mass murder” (more‐or‐less three simultaneous killings). Switzerland has a lower rate of homicide than most other countries but a comparatively high share of homicides within the family.AimThe aim of this study is to describe a complete national sample of familicides and compare them with other types of mass murders in the country over the same period.MethodsAll cases of three or more unlawful homicides in one event in Switzerland between 1972 and 2015 were identified from court records and socio‐demographic, criminological, and psychological variables were extracted. Given small numbers, we rely on narrative comparisons.ResultsThere were 20 familicides in the 43‐year study, with 82 victims between them as well as six felony‐associated mass murders accounting for 19 victims and nine public mass murders with 44 victims. Only one familicide was a woman; mean age was 39.5 years (range 19–57 years). Most were in employment. Only four had a prior psychiatric history. Nine had a history of violent or intrusive behaviour, but a prior criminal conviction was rare. In all but one case there was evidence of psychosocial stressors; eight men were facing separation from a spouse. Just over half used guns, but only three used army weapons. The main difference between the familicides and the other mass killers was the much higher rate of suicide among the familicides.ConclusionsFamilicides in Switzerland appear to be rare suicidal acts, generally carried out by previously successful and apparently stable middle‐aged men with often an inconspicuous psychiatric history or criminal record, differing considerably from other groups of mass killers. Expert responses, like the recently established multidisciplinary “threat management boards” in Switzerland, should bear in mind that the likely competent men involved may be good at covering their intent even from themselves.
Tearing into Takotsubo
Authors: McNeill Gwyneth , Gray William A. 
Published: February 2020

Key Points
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection and Takotsubo syndrome are less common cardiovascular diseases that share similar clinical features.
The current study offers a promising association and mechanistic etiology between the disorders, but is limited by a small sample size.
Further research with a larger patient population is warranted.
Cardiac tamponade in the interventional era: A paradigm shift in etiology and outcomes
Authors: Goldstein James A. 
Published: February 2020

Key Points
CT unrelated to percutaneous interventions: Slow effusion in compliant pericardium, with gradual hemodynamic manifestations allows controlled echo guided pericardiocentesis
CT complicating percutaneous interventions: Traumatic breach of cardiac anatomy, with abrupt hemorrhage into a noncompliant pericardium inducing profound hemodynamic compromise. Stabilization requires both “pericardial relief” and attention to the primary anatomic defect.
CT induced by percutaneous interventions typically occurs in patients with intrinsically infirm hearts (coronary, valvular, and myocardial disease), suffering comorbidities (elderly, kidney disease) that render them less able to tolerate hemodynamic compromise
Topiramate causing type II renal tubular acidosis: A case and review of the mechanism
Authors: Chahin Michael , Oye Monique , Jadeja Sonal , Sanders Kimberly , Reddy Pramod 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTopiramate has a wide array of pharmacologic effects, including proximal renal tubular acidosis (RTA). Clinicians must be wary of the possibility for development of somnolence due to compensatory hyperventilation and cardiac dysrhythmias.
Chemical Looping Selective Oxidation of H2S using V2O5 Impregnated over Different Supports as Oxygen Carriers
Authors: Kane Tanushree , Guerrero Caballero Jesús , Löfberg Axel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChemical looping concept is proposed to improve the efficiency of selective oxidation of H2S into elemental sulfur. V2O5 as an active oxygen carrier, is impregnated on different supports and exposed cyclically to reductant (H2S) and to oxidant (O2). Among all, TiO2 and SiO2 proved as better supports for V2O5 as they provided more formation of elemental sulfur than undesired SO2 in the reductant step. Results indicate that the support can either directly react and provide oxygen to the process like for CeO2 or indirectly affect the properties of the active phase, leading either into the improvement, as for TiO2 and SiO2, or worsening, as in case of Al2O3 and ZrO2. Oxygen carriers with partially reduced species, i. e., the combination of V5+ and V4+, show better performances than carriers containing mostly highly oxidized V5+ species. Interaction between the active phase and support plays a vital role for the controls of the formation of these partially reduced species.
Spectroscopic Signatures of Pressurized Carbon Dioxide in Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy of Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Fehr Samuel M. , Krossing Ingo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUsing diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy to study surface species of reaction intermediates on heterogeneous catalysts requires particular precautions, when assigning IR bands to intermediates apparently resulting from the reaction of H2, CO, and CO2. In accordance with earlier work, it is shown that in the investigation of the heterogeneous methanol synthesis, several gas phase bands of CO2 were misassigned in previous studies as adsorbates on the catalyst surface. Thus, several combination bands and overtones of CO2 in the 2200–750 cm−1 range – notably those at 2130, 2112, 2107, 2094, 2077, ∼2056, 1933, ∼1920, ∼1079, ∼1050, ∼973, and ∼948 cm−1 – were already misinterpreted as adsorbates/intermediates. Some of these bands exhibit similar (low) intensities as surface species and are in the range of typical adsorbed CO or methoxy/methanol vibrations. Higher pressures and temperatures, which are necessary to study industrial catalysts by in situ IR spectroscopy, even amplify this effect. In addition, due to a Fermi resonance at a CO2 partial pressure above ∼10 bar, two further bands appear at 1388 and 1285 cm−1. This is also within the range typically associated with surface adsorbates. In order to avoid misassignments of IR bands for in situ or operando DRIFT spectroscopy, those occurring at CO2 pressures up to 30 bar in the widely used Praying MantisTM High Temperature Reaction Chamber are presented here and assigned to their origin as combination bands and overtones of gaseous CO2.
Facile Two‐Phase Catalysis: From Dimethoxymethane and Monomeric Formaldehyde towards Oxymethylene Ethers (OMEs)
Authors: Peter Andreas , Stebens Gilles , Baumgärtner Julian F. , Jacob Eberhard , Mantei Franz K. , Ouda Mohamed , Krossing Ingo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn efficient, biphasic route towards oxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OMEs) allowing for catalyst recycling and reuse is presented (OMEs=CH3(−OCH2−)nO−CH3, n=3–5). OMEs are an interesting novel class of non‐toxic, diesel‐like synthetic fuels with soot‐free combustion properties. A solution of commercial OMe3+BF4− in the ionic liquid (IL) 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimadazolium tetrafluoroborate acts as the immobilized catalyst. Upon addition of dimethoxymethane (OME1) and anhydrous formaldehyde (FA) very pure OMEs form in the upper phase of the biphasic mixture. In the lower IL‐phase, the catalyst remains immobilized. After phase separation and removal of the top OME layer, the catalytically active IL‐phase is reusable for at least ten times without loss of activity and selectivity.
Kinetics of Palladium(0)‐Allyl Interactions in the Tsuji‐Trost Reaction, derived from Single‐Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Menges Johannes A. , Grandjean Alexander , Clasen Anne , Jung Gregor 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSingle‐molecule (SM) chemistry is devoted to unravel reaction steps which are hidden in cuvette experiments. Controversies about the substrate activation during the Tsuji‐Trost deallylation motivated us to study, on the single‐molecule level, the kinetics of the catalyst precursor Pd(PPh3)4 with our recently designed two‐color fluorescent probes. Photochemical, metal‐free bypass reactions were found and taken into account by the combination of spectrally separated single‐molecule TIRF‐microscopy and state‐of‐the art analysis procedures. Unselective π‐complex formation (KD≈103 M−1) precedes the insertion of the active catalyst into the C−OR bond (RO−=leaving group), indicated by the lacking immediate change of fluorescence color. The formed intermediate then decomposes on a time scale of≥2 – 3 s to the deallylated product.
Design, Synthesis, and Dual Evaluation of Quinoline and Quinolinium Iodide Salt Derivatives as Potential Anticancer and Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Jin Guofan , Xiao Fuyan , Li Zhenwang , Qi Xueyong , Zhao Lei , Sun Xianyu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA series of novel quinoline and quinolinium iodide derivatives were designed and synthesized to discover potential anticancer and antibacterial agents. With regard to anticancer properties, in vitro cytotoxicities against three human cancer cell lines (A‐549, HeLa and SGC‐7901) were evaluated. The antibacterial properties against two strains,Escherichia coli(ATCC 29213) andStaphylococcus aureus(ATCC 8739), along with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were evaluated. The target alkyliodine substituted compounds exhibited significant antitumor and antibacterial activity, of which compound 8‐((4‐(benzyloxy)phenyl)amino)‐7‐(ethoxycarbonyl)‐5‐propyl‐[1,3]dioxolo[4,5‐g]quinolin‐5‐ium (12) was found to be the most potent derivative with IC50values of 4.45±0.88, 4.74±0.42, 14.54±1.96, and 32.12±3.66 against A‐549, HeLa, SGC‐7901, and L‐02 cells, respectively, stronger than the positive controls 5‐FU and MTX. Furthermore, compound12had the most potent bacterial inhibitory activity. The MIC of this compound against bothE. coliandS. aureuswas 3.125 nmol ⋅ mL−1, which was smaller than that against the reference agents amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin.
Natural ink production and printability studies for smart food packaging
Authors: Ozcan Arif , Arman Kandirmaz Emine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVersatile smart packages provide information on the freshness of the content and help protect the content from microorganisms. In this sense, in this study both natural antimicrobial properties and pH sensitive natural dyes were obtained from red beet. Inks were prepared and printed using this dye and their suitability for smart packaging was investigated. For this purpose, red beet was cut into small sizes and mixed separately in ethanol and water (1:2) at 200 rpm. The betaine dye was taken up in solvent. These solvents were removed with evaporator and precipitated with centrifugation and dried in a vacuum oven. The chemical structure of the obtained dye was illuminated by Attenuated Total Reflection‐Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR). The color character was determined by UV spectroscopy. Pink colored natural ink was produced by using ink varnish with carboxymethyl cellulose polymer and solid dye. Screen printing was made with this ink and the color, gloss, and lightfastness characters of prints were examined. Antimicrobial effects of the obtained prints were measured against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Mordanting studies were performed with (KAl[SO4]2.12H2O) and change in color character was measured. The prints produced using the red beet extract have a yellow‐orange color in the basic state; in acid cases it was determined to have a pink‐purple color. In addition, it has been found that the ink prints obtained from red beet have antimicrobial properties against bacteria. Results prove that produced samples have good antimicrobial, pH indicator, and printability properties. This colorant can be used in smart food packaging.
Bismuth Vanadate/Bilirubin Oxidase Photo(bio)electrochemical Cells for Unbiased, Light‐Triggered Electrical Power Generation
Authors: Mukha Dina , Cohen Yifat , Yehezkeli Omer 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe construction of bias‐ and donor‐free photobioelectrochemical cells for the generation of light‐triggered electrical power is presented. The developed oxygen reduction biocathodes are based on bilirubin oxidase (BOD) that originates fromMyrothecium verrucaria(MvBOD) and a thermophilicBacillus pumilus(BpBOD). Methods to entrap the BOD with 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) redox molecules in a polydopamine layer are presented. A pH‐independent, positively charged pyrenebetaine linker was synthesized, utilized, and led to a threefold improvement to the bioelectrocatalytic current. Both the developed polydopamine/ABTS/MvBOD and the pyrenebetaine/BpBOD biocathodes were further coupled with BiVO4/cobalt phosphate water‐oxidation photoanodes to construct biotic/abiotic photobioelectrochemical cells, which generated power outputs of 0.74 and 0.85 mW cm−2, respectively. The presented methods are versatile, show the strength of biotic/abiotic hybrids, and can be further used to couple different redox enzymes with electrodes.
Assessment methods for electric and magnetic fields in low and intermediate frequencies related to human exposures and the status of their standardization
Authors: Yamazaki Kenichi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProtection of human from exposures to electric and magnetic fields has received public concerns for decades. Methods to assess physical quantities related to the exposure, such as artificially generated electric and magnetic fields, electric fields inside human body caused by the exposures, and contact currents, have been investigated and established in relation to compliance assessment against exposure guidelines. In addition, some of the methods have been standardized internationally to facilitate mutual authentication by standard methods. This article reviews the methods to assess the human exposure to electric and magnetic fields, mainly focusing of low and intermediate frequencies (approximately below 100 kHz), and the status of their standardization.
Efficiency of crustacean zooplankton in transferring allochthonous carbon in a boreal lake
Authors: Grosbois Guillaume , Vachon Dominic , del Giorgio Paul A. , Rautio Milla 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIncreased incorporation of terrestrial organic matter (t‐OM) into consumer biomass (allochthony) is believed to reduce growth capacity. In this study, we examined the relationship between crustacean zooplankton allochthony and production in a boreal lake that displays strong seasonal variability in t‐OM inputs. Contrary to our hypotheses, we found no effect of allochthony on production at the community and the species levels. The high‐frequency seasonal sampling (time‐for‐space) allowed for estimating the efficiency of zooplankton in converting this external carbon source to growth. From the daily t‐OM inputs in the lake (57–3,027 kg C/d), the zooplankton community transferred 0.2% into biomass (0.01–2.36 kg C/d); this level was of the same magnitude as the carbon transfer efficiency for algal‐derived carbon (0.4%). In the context of the boundless carbon cycle, which integrates inland waters as a biologically active component of the terrestrial landscape, the use of the time‐for‐space approach for the quantifying of t‐OM trophic transfer efficiency by zooplankton is a critical step toward a better understanding of the effects of increasing external carbon fluxes on pelagic food webs.
Community size can affect the signals of ecological drift and niche selection on biodiversity
Authors: Siqueira Tadeu , Saito Victor S. , Bini Luis M. , Melo Adriano S. , Petsch Danielle K. , Landeiro Victor L. , Tolonen Kimmo T. , Jyrkänkallio‐Mikkola Jenny , Soininen Janne , Heino Jani 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEcological drift can override the effects of deterministic niche selection on small populations and drive the assembly of some ecological communities. We tested this hypothesis with a unique data set sampled identically in 200 streams in two regions (tropical Brazil and boreal Finland) that differ in macroinvertebrate community size by fivefold. Null models allowed us to estimate the magnitude to which β‐diversity deviates from the expectation under a random assembly process while taking differences in richness and relative abundance into account, i.e., β‐deviation. We found that both abundance‐ and incidence‐based β‐diversity was negatively related to community size only in Brazil. Also, β‐diversity of small tropical communities was closer to stochastic expectations compared with β‐diversity of large communities. We suggest that ecological drift may drive variation in some small communities by changing the expected outcome of niche selection, increasing the chances of species with low abundance and narrow distribution to occur in some communities. Habitat destruction, overexploitation, pollution, and reductions in connectivity have been reducing the size of biological communities. These environmental pressures might make smaller communities more vulnerable to novel conditions and render community dynamics more unpredictable. Incorporation of community size into ecological models should provide conceptual and applied insights into a better understanding of the processes driving biodiversity.
Fibroblast transdifferentiation promotes conversion of M1 macrophages and replenishment of cardiac resident macrophages following cardiac injury in mice
Authors: Lu Hongxiang , Chen Rong , Barnie Prince Amoah , Tian Yu , Zhang Shiqing , Xu Huaxi , Chakrabarti Subrata , Su Zhaoliang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResident cardiac macrophages play important roles in homeostasis, maintenance of cardiac function, and tissue repair. After cardiac injury, monocytes infiltrate the tissue, undergo phenotypic and functional changes, and are involved in inflammatory injury and functional remodelling. However, the fate of cardiac infiltrating/polarized macrophages and the relationship between these cells and resident cardiac macrophage replenishment following injury remain unclear. Our results showed that angiotensin II induces cardiac fibroblast transdifferentiation into cardiac myofibroblasts (MFBs). In cocultures with MFBs and murine macrophages, the MFBs promoted macrophage polarization to M1 phenotype, followed by selective apoptosis, which was associated with TNF/TNFR1 axis and independent of NO production. Surprisingly, after 36 h of coculture, the surviving macrophages were converted to M2 phenotype and settled in heart, which was dependent on leptin produced by MFBs or polarized macrophages via the PI3K or Akt pathway. CCR2+CD45.2+ cells adoptively transferred into CD45.1+ mice with viral myocarditis, differentiated into CD45.2+CCR2+CX3CR1+ M2 cells during the resolution of inflammation and settled within the heart. Our data highlight a novel mechanism related to the renewal or replenishment of cardiac resident macrophages following cardiac injury; and suggest that transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts may promote the resolution of inflammation.
The how and the when of the social cure: A conceptual model of group‐ and individual‐level mechanisms linking social identity to health and well‐being
Authors: Häusser Jan A. , Junker Nina M. , van Dick Rolf 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, we aim at theoretical specification and integration of mechanisms proposed within the Social Identity Approach to Health and Well‐being. We differentiate group‐level and individual‐level effects of shared social identity by distinguishing three different aspects: individual identification, group identification, and individually perceived group identification. We discuss specific group‐level mechanisms (i.e., mutual social support and collective self‐efficacy) and individual level‐mechanisms (i.e., attribution and appraisal processes regarding stressors and resources) for each of the three aspects. A core conclusion is that the positive effects of shared social identity on health and well‐being crucially depend on its close relationship with social support, and that although social support is an interindividual phenomenon, it is intraindividual mechanisms—attribution and appraisal—that shape the psychological partnership between social identity and social support. Therefore, we put special emphasis on cross‐level interactions between group‐ and individual‐level mechanisms, which have been widely neglected in earlier research.
Interaction of glutathione‐s‐transferase genotypes with environmental risk factors in determining susceptibility to head and neck cancer and treatment response and survival outcome
Authors: Katiyar Tridiv , Yadav Vinay , Maurya Shailendra S. , Ruwali Munindra , Singh Madhu , Hasan Feza , Pandey Rahul , Mehrotra Divya , Singh Sudhir , Mishra Shambhavi , Hadi Rahat , Bhatt Madan L. B. , Parmar Devendra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present case‐control study aimed to investigate the role of interaction of glutathione‐s‐transferase (GST) genotypes with environmental risk factors in determining susceptibility to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) involving 1,250 cases and equal number of healthy controls. An increase in the risk of HNSCC and its subsites (larynx, pharynx, and oral cavity) was observed among the cases with null genotypes of GSTM1 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87) or GSTT1 (OR = 1.39) while reduced risk (OR = 0.81) was observed the cases with variant genotype of GSTP1. Tobacco use in the form of smoking or chewing interacted multiplicatively with GSTM1 or GSTT1 to increase the risk several folds (3–10 folds) in HNSCC and its subsites. Alcohol use also increased the risk (2–3 folds) to HNSCC and its subsites in cases with null or variant genotypes of GSTs, though this risk was of lesser magnitude when compared to the tobacco users. A synergistic effect of both, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking, led to several folds (25‐folds) increased risk to HNSCC among the cases with null genotype of GSTM1 and GSTT1 when compared to nonsmokers and nondrinkers with wild genotype of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in controls. Furthermore, cases with variant genotypes of GSTP1 (Val/Val) showed superior treatment response with improved survival rate and lower risk of death when compared to the patients with wild type genotype (Ile/Ile). The data suggest that though polymorphism in GSTs may be a modest risk factor for determining HNSCC risk, gene‐environment interactions significantly modify the susceptibility to HNSCC by several folds.