bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fe-doped tricalcium phosphates: crystal structure and degradation behavior
Authors: Yoo Kyung-Hyeon , Kim Hyeonjin , Sun Woo Gyeong , Kim Yong-Il , Yoon Seog-Young 
Published: November 2020

Abstractβ-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP, Ca3(PO4)2) is biodegradable ceramics with chemical and mineral compositions similar to those of bone. It is a potential candidate for bone repair surgery, and substituting the Fe ions can improve its biological behavior. In this study, we investigated the effect of Fe ions on the structural deviation andin vitrobehavior ofβ-TCP. Fe-dopedβ-TCP were synthesized by the co-precipitation method, and the heat treatment temperature was set at 1100 °C. The chemical state of the Fe-dopedβ-TCP was analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while structural analysis was carried out by Rietveld refinement using the x-ray diffraction results. Fe ions existed in both Fe2+and Fe3+states and occupied the Ca-(4) and Ca-(5) sites. Fe ions enhanced the degradation ofβ-TCP and resorption behavior onto the surface ofβ-TCP during the immersion test. As a result, Fe ion improves the initial cell adhesion and proliferation behavior ofβ-TCP.
Connectedness matters: construction and exact random sampling of connected networks
Authors: Horvát Sz , Modes Carl D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We describe a new method for the random sampling of connected networks with a specified degree sequence. We consider both the case of simple graphs and that of loopless multigraphs. The constraints of fixed degrees and of connectedness are two of the most commonly needed ones when constructing null models for the practical analysis of physical or biological networks. Yet handling these constraints, let alone combining them, is non-trivial. Our method builds on a recently introduced novel sampling approach that constructs graphs with given degrees independently (unlike edge-switching Markov chain Monte Carlo methods) and efficiently (unlike the configuration model), and extends it to incorporate the constraint of connectedness. Additionally, we present a simple and elegant algorithm for directly constructing a single connected realization of a degree sequence, either as a simple graph or a multigraph. Finally, we demonstrate our sampling method on a realistic scale-free example, as well as on degree sequences of connected real-world networks, and show that enforcing connectedness can significantly alter the properties of sampled networks.
Identifying age-specific gene signatures of the human cerebral cortex with joint analysis of transcriptomes and functional connectomes
Authors: Zhao Xingzhong , Chen Jingqi , Xiao Peipei , Feng Jianfeng , Nie Qing , Zhao Xing-Ming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The human cerebral cortex undergoes profound structural and functional dynamic variations across the lifespan, whereas the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, with a novel method transcriptome-connectome correlation analysis (TCA), which integrates the brain functional magnetic resonance images and region-specific transcriptomes, we identify age-specific cortex (ASC) gene signatures for adolescence, early adulthood and late adulthood. The ASC gene signatures are significantly correlated with the cortical thickness (P-value &lt;2.00e-3) and myelination (P-value &lt;1.00e-3), two key brain structural features that vary in accordance with brain development. In addition to the molecular underpinning of age-related brain functions, the ASC gene signatures allow delineation of the molecular mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as the regulation between ARNT2 and its target gene ETF1 involved in Schizophrenia. We further validate the ASC gene signatures with published gene sets associated with the adult cortex, and confirm the robustness of TCA on other brain image datasets.
Availability: All scripts are written in R. Scripts for the TCA method and related statistics result can be freely accessed at https://github.com/Soulnature/TCA. Additional data related to this paper may be requested from the authors.
Empowering older adults through community work: a review of the social work field in the past decade
Authors: Wong Kang Li 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCommunity work and empowerment are contested concepts that have been co-opted for political purposes. With the rising focus in welfare provision for older adults in light of the ageing population worldwide, there is a need to understand the current forms of empowerment in community work with older adults. This review plugs the research gap by reviewing studies of community work with older adults in the social work field. An electronic search of studies published between 2009 and 2019 on three major databases for social science research was conducted. Eleven papers were included in the review and compared through a coding frame. The conceptualization of empowerment, the theoretical framework, approach to community intervention and the nature of the intervention was examined. Most of the reviewed interventions involved social planning where the participation of older adults was enlisted to address a problem identified by professionals, but there was little theoretical overlap in the studies. The findings underscore gaps present in the theoretical understanding of empowerment and how the well-being of older adults is advanced through community work.
Well-Being and Loneliness in Swiss Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Social Relationships
Authors: Macdonald Birthe , Hülür Gizem 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and social distancing measures are an extreme stressor that might result in negative emotional experiences and feelings of loneliness. However, it is possible that social relationships might have a protective effect. In the present study, we examine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected older adults’ well-being and loneliness, and the role of structural and functional characteristics of social relationships.Research Design and MethodsWe use data from 99 older adults in Switzerland who participated (a) in a 3-week microlongitudinal study on social relationships and well-being in 2019 and (b) in a weekly online survey during 4 weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown.ResultsOur findings show that the global pandemic had substantial adverse effects on older adults’ emotional well-being and loneliness. In addition, aspects of social relationships were related to loneliness both before and during the pandemic. Only one functional feature of social relationships (satisfaction with communication during the pandemic) buffered adverse effects of the major stressful event.Discussion and ImplicationsAlthough the social distancing measures during COVID-19 presented a major stressor for older adults’ well-being and loneliness, being able to maintain social communication to a satisfactory level during that time reduced this effect. Therefore, enabling older adults to stay in touch with their social circle based on their personal preferences might reduce the impact that any future lockdown might have on their well-being.
Informatics driven quality improvement in the modern histology lab
Authors: Seifert Robert P , Casler Vektra , Al Qaysi Nada , Gothi Shaileshbhai Revabhai , Williams Leah , Christensen Patricia R , Flax Sherri , Chamala Srikar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Laboratory Information Systems (LIS) and data visualization techniques have untapped potential in anatomic pathology laboratories. Pre-built functionalities of LIS do not address all the needs of a modern histology laboratory. For instance, “Go live” is not the end of LIS customization, but just the beginning. After closely evaluating various histology lab workflows, we implemented several custom data analytics dashboards and additional LIS functionalities to monitor and address weaknesses. Herein, we present our experience in LIS and data-tracking solutions that improved trainee education, slide logistics, staffing/instrumentation lobbying, and task tracking. The latter was addressed through the creation of a novel “status board” akin to those seen in inpatient wards. These use-cases can benefit other histology laboratories.
16 Sulfur amino acid utilization during immune system stimulation in growing pigs
Authors: Rakhshandeh Anoosh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Immune system stimulation (ISS) modifies protein and amino acid (AA) metabolism in animals and humans. During ISS, AA are redirected away from growth and reproduction towards mounting an immune response. This redirection can impact AA requirements both qualitatively (i.e., the AA ratio) and quantitatively. Special attention has been given to sulfur-containing amino acid (SAA; Met + Cys) metabolism during ISS, due to their roles as precursors for the synthesis of proteins and metabolites that are involved in the immune response. A series of studies were conducted to investigate the impact of ISS on various aspects of SAA utilization, including ileal digestibility, plasma kinetics, the glutathione (GSH) synthesis rate, the irreversible loss of Cys, and dietary total SAA requirements. In all of the studies, pigs were feed restricted (≥ 2 times the maintenance requirement for ME) to eliminate the confounding effect of ISS on feed intake. Results indicated that ISS alters SAA metabolism and increases SAA requirements per unit of protein deposition. The latter occurs due to increased maintenance requirements for SAA during ISS. The results also showed that the enhanced maintenance requirement for SAA occurs mainly as a result of increased SAA utilization, mainly Cys, for the synthesis of immune system metabolites, such as GSH and acute-phase proteins, as well as the increased catabolism of Cys to taurine. In addition, we found that ISS increases the dietary Met-to-total SAA ratio in pigs, suggesting an enhanced preferential demand for dietary Met during ISS, perhaps to support an elevated rate of transsulfuration. Collectively, our findings point toward a need for developing an optimal dietary AA profile for diseased pigs.
192 Meeting Industry Needs and Changing Dynamics of Equine Students
Authors: Janecka Leslie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Over the past twenty years, the “typical” equine student has drastically changed. Today’s equine and agriculture students now come from a more urban, rather than rural background, which presents a challenge to the traditional equine programs where research and horse husbandry were the norm. Equine programs at colleges and universities have had to change in order to accommodate these non-traditional students; however, industry needs, especially as it relates to the horse as a production animal have not changed. The challenge therefore is to bring together what the industry needs with the available talent “the students” and what colleges and universities can offer with ever increasing limited budgets. Using data from twenty years of applicants (&gt;1000) to the Kentucky Equine Management Internship program, we compared today’s equine student to those of five, ten and twenty years ago to demonstrate the changing dynamics and evolution of today’s equine undergraduate student. We also examined transcripts of these equine interns to assess what courses the students are actually taking. The needs of the modern equine production farm were also analyzed in so that recommendations can be made as to the sustainability of equine programs to meet the needs of the equine industry going forward.
11 Understanding today’s sow and challenging ourselves for the future
Authors: Greiner Laura L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The impact of maternal influence across all species on lifelong health and performance is a topic that while recognized as important in the past was not heavily explored until more recently. Over the years, production has focused on sow nutrition and its role in improving birth weights and weaning weights. Today’s sow has approximately 3 more pigs per litter compared to sows 12 years ago and is producing more milk than that of a sow a quarter of a century ago (Nielsen et al. 2018; Rosero, et al, 2016). The biological challenges of supporting the increased total born and milk production, the change in the genetics and lean mass of the sow, along with the environmental challenges such as disease, temperature and social interactions have created an ever changing dynamic that has the potential to influence the sow’s nutritional demands, but also complicates the interpretation of data generated in sow facilities. Along with the increase in total born, other issues such as pelvic organ prolapses and agalactia have also started to increase. While little is known at this time as to the causative nature of these conditions, the goal to quickly resolve such challenges has become absolute. Furthermore, many wonder what else is on the horizon for the modern day sow? Researchers are working to better understand the basis of sow to piglet interaction in terms of immunology, microbiome hereditability and progeny wean to finish performance alongside those working to better understand nutritional requirements to improve longevity of the female. The presentation will focus on these aspects associated with predicting issues for the sows and proactively addressing these concerns along with exploring knowledge advancements and aligning them with sow performance and production.
20 Assessment of lysine requirement in lipopolysaccharide-challenged pigs
Authors: Barcellos Joyce , Alves Warley J , Arnaut Pedro R , Fonseca Lucimauro , Campos Paulo H Reis Furtado , Viana Gabriel , Silva Fabyano , Hannas Melissa I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of immune challenge (IC) on digestible lysine (Lys) requirement of growing pigs using the Goettingen approach. Twenty-four 19kg-pigs were used in three nitrogen balance (NB) trials. The trials were performed in a complete randomized block design, with six nitrogen levels (NL), two sanitary status (control and IC) and two individual replicates per treatment (6 x 2 x 6). Dietary NL concentration ranged from 1.06 to 4.48 % in DM, being Lys limiting in all the levels assessed. For two consecutive days, Escherichia coli lipopolyssacharide (LPS) was intramuscular injected in challenged pigs at 30 and 34μg/kg. Data were fitted to nonlinear models to estimate nitrogen requirement for maintenance (NMR) and the maximum nitrogen deposition (NDmaxT). Both information were associated with the maximum nitrogen retention (NRmaxT), Lys efficiency (bc-1) and nitrogen retention (NR) to determine Lys requirements as follows: Lys = (lnNRmaxT-ln(NRmaxT-NR))/(16×bc−1). The NRM of pigs from control group was estimated in 152mg of N/kg of BW0,75/day, whereas LPS-challenged pigs had such requirements estimated in 197 N/kg of BW0,75/day. NDmaxT was estimated in 3525 and 2078mg of N/kg BW0,75/day in for pigs form control and LPS-challenged group, respectively. Requirements for Lys were estimated based on 68% and 54% of NDmaxT, being such percentage based on the mean value of ND for each group. Pigs from control group had the requirements for Lys estimated in 1.42 and 1.58%, based on a feed intake of 1000 and 900g/day, respectively, whereas Lys requirements of LPS-challenged pigs were estimated in 0.76 and 0.84%, based 893 and 803g/day of feed intake, respectively. Compared with control, LPS group exhibited a reduction of approximately 11% in feed intake. The model enables to estimate Lys requirement, taking into account protein deposition potential, feed intake, and immune challenge.
113 Current status of marking hogs in North America and future potential for refinement
Authors: Schinckel Allan P , Preckel Paul , Foster Kenneth , Thompson Nathanel , Cabezón Francisco 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Pork processors use marketing grids in which carcasses heavier or lighter than specified carcass weights (CW) are discounted in value. In North America most processors discount pigs further from the ideal CW at an increasing rate. To reduce sort loss, most commercial producers visually evaluate the body weight (BW) of each pig and try to identify the heaviest pigs in each pen for marketing on two- to four-day marketing windows. Carcass premiums/discounts are based on a predicted “percent lean” estimated using measurements of backfat depth and loin muscle depth. Usually, the premium for leanness has a nonlinear relationship with predicted percent lean. Optimal marketing maximizes daily return above variable costs including daily feed cost. Implementation requires that producers know: feed efficiency of their pigs relative to BW, variation in growth rates and BW amongst pigs within the herd, and the relationship between carcass leanness and CW. Sorting accuracy for marketing impacts the distribution of CWs, the sort loss, and depending on CW discounts, the optimal market BW’s. Thus, sorting decisions are interrelated with marketing decisions. In three large barns, percentages of pigs sold correctly for the first two marketing cuts were 56, 48, and 52%, and differences in sort loss increased to $5.74/pig as mean CW increased. Methods have been developed to evaluate sorting accuracy. Pork processors have an optimal distribution of cut weights and sizes to maximize their daily returns above costs. Current marketing systems provide little incentive for commercial producers to reduce the variation in CW and subsequent cut weights and do not optimize the distribution of CWs. Next steps are to implement the state-of-the-art decision making on test farms, evaluate performance, refine and replicate a successful platform. To satisfy heterogeneous consumer demand at minimum cost joint optimization of farm production with wholesale marketing will be required.
218 Impact of diet and quality grade on tenderness of beef steaks
Authors: Bland Nicolas , Herrera Nicolas , Henriott Morgan , Ribeiro Felipe , Hart Kellen , Calkins Chris 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Research was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding different types of processed corn, with or without distiller grains with solubles, and differing quality grade on tenderness of beef steaks. Steers (n=240) were finished on Dry Rolled Corn (DRC), DRC + 30% Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS), Steam Flaked Corn (SFC), or SFC + 30% DDGS. Cattle were fed 10 per pen. Only pens with upper 2/3 Choice and Select-grade carcasses were sampled, with a goal of two (and a minimum of one) of each grade per pen. Three pens per treatment met the selection criterion and 36 carcasses were chosen (21 upper 2/3 Choice and 15 Select). Pen was considered the experimental unit. Both strip loins were collected from each carcass, halved, and aged for 2, 9, 16, or 23 d. After aging, steaks were placed under retail display for 7 d. Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), slice shear force (SSF), sarcomere length, sarcoplasmic calcium, and troponin-T (Tn-T) degradation were determined. Minimal to no impacts on sarcomere length and calcium were found (P &gt;0.05). For both WBSF and SSF, Choice steaks were more tender than Select. Significantly more Tn-T was degraded at 23 d of aging compared to 2 d of aging. Beef steaks from cattle fed DRC were more tender than SFC, regardless of the presence or absence of DDGS. For 2 d aged samples, Tn-T degradation was higher when cattle were fed DDGS compared to no DDGS. Overall, these data suggest that steaks from cattle fed DRC are more tender than steaks from cattle fed SFC and Choice-grade steaks are more tender than Select-grade steaks.
222 Effect of genetic line and parity of dam on litter birth weight and weaning weight in swine
Authors: Christianson Marcie I , Stalder Kenneth J , Ramirez Alejandro , Beitz Donald , Keating Aileen F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of parity and genetic line of the dam on her offspring and their ability to thrive until weaning. Data were obtained from 17 purebred litters and 72 crossbred litters and the parity of the dam ranged from 1-13. Parities were grouped into the following categories: parity 1, parity 2, parity 3-5, and parity 6+. Entire litters were weighed at birth and weaning (~28 days of age). Litters were grouped into four weight categories based on the time of year they were born: February, April, May, and July 2019. Data were analyzed by using mixed model methods (Proc Mixed, SAS V. 9.4, SAS Inst. Inc. Cary, NC). The birthweight model included fixed effects of parity and genetic line. Birth month was included as a random variable, and number born alive was used as a covariate. Mean litter birth weight was significantly different between parity 1 and parity 3-5 (P=0.001), parity 2 and parity 6+ (P=0.031), and parity 3-5 and parity 6+ (P=&lt; 0.0001). The difference between parity 2 and parity 3-5 approached significance. Birthweight differed between genetic line (&lt; 0.0001): Crossbred litter birthweight was 4.15kg greater than purebred litter birthweight. The weaning weight model included genetic line, parity, and number of pigs after fostering. Birth month was included as a random variable, and age at weaning and birth weight were used as covariates. Weaning weights for parity and genetic line did not differ (P &gt;0.05).
120 The future of genome editing in food animal species
Authors: Van Eenennaam Alison L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Genome editing refers to the use of targeted nucleases to introduce double-stranded breaks in DNA at a specific sequence in the genome. The cell can then repair this break using either the error-prone, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway which often results in a small insertion or deletion. This can inactivate or “knock-out” a gene if the repair introduces a missense or nonsense frameshift mutation in the coding region of the protein encoded by that gene. Alternatively, the break can be repaired via the homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway which relies on a nucleic acid template to guide the repair. Depending upon the template, the directed repair can be as simple as a single nucleotide change, or as complicated as an entire transgene integration. Editing offers an opportunity for geneticists to precisely introduce useful genetic alterations into animal breeding programs. Some examples include a knock-out of the CD163 cellular receptor of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) which renders pigs resistant to infection by that virus, and the replacement of the horned allele in dairy cattle with the Celtic (PC) POLLED allele resulting in genetic hornlessness. For editing to be useful, it will need to seamlessly integrate with genetic improvement program design. This will ultimately require introducing edits into multiple elite lines to avoid genetic bottlenecks. This requirement is at odds with the process-based trigger and event-based regulatory approach that has been proposed for gene edited food animals by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The 2017 draft FDA regulatory guidance 187 states that “intentional” genomic alterations introduced by genome editing will be regulated as new animal drugs, irrespective of product novelty or risk, necessitating lengthy multigenerational safety evaluations. The high costs associated with new animal drug approval will dramatically curtail the use of genome editing in food animal species.