bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase stability of dispersions of hollow silica nanocubes mediated by non-adsorbing polymers
Authors: Dekker F. , González García Á. , Philipse A. P. , Tuinier R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract.
Although there are theoretical predictions (Eur. Phys. J. E 41, 110 (2018)) for the rich-phase behaviour of colloidal cubes mixed with non-adsorbing polymers, a thorough verification of this phase behaviour is still underway; experimental studies on mixtures of cubes and non-adsorbing polymers in bulk are scarce. In this paper, mixtures of hollow silica nanocubes and linear polystyrene in N,-N-dimethylformamide are used to measure the structure factor of the colloidal cubes as a function of non-adsorbing polymer concentration. Together with visual observations these structure factors enabled us to assess the depletion-mediated phase stability of cube-polymer mixtures. The theoretical and experimental phase boundaries for cube-depletant mixtures are in remarkable agreement, despite the simplifications underlying the theory employed.

Graphical abstract
Insect swarms can be bound together by repulsive forces
Authors: Reynolds A. M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract.
The cohesion of insect swarms has been attributed to the fact that the resultant internal interactions of the swarming insects produce, on the average, a centrally attractive force that acts on each individual. Here it is shown how insect swarms can also be bound together by centrally forces that on the average are repulsive (outwardly directed from the swarm centres). This is predicted to arise when velocity statistics are heterogeneous (position-dependent). Evidence for repulsive forces is found in laboratory swarms of Chironomus riparius midges. In homogeneous swarms, the net inward acceleration balances the tendency of diffusion (stochastic noise) to transport individuals away from the centre of the swarm. In heterogenous swarms, turbophoresis --the tendency for individuals to migrate in the direction of decreasing kinetic energy-- is operating. The new finding adds to the growing realization that insect swarms are analogous to self-gravitating systems. By acting in opposition to central attraction (gravity), the effects of heterogeneous velocities (energies) are analogous to the effects of dark energy. The emergence of resultant forces from collective behaviours would not be possible if individual flight patterns were themselves unstable. It is shown how individuals reduce the potential for the loose of flight control by minimizing the influence of jerks to which they are subjected.

Graphical abstract
Compensation of Non-linear Distortion Effects in MIMO-OFDM Systems Using Constant Envelope OFDM for 5G Applications
Authors: El Ghzaoui M. , Hmamou A. , Foshi J. , Mestoui J. 
Published: June 2020

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier transmission system that can achieve high data rate over wireless channels. At the same time, multiple input multiple output OFDM (MIMO-OFDM) in wireless communication systems has been exposed to offer significant improvement over wireless technology by providing transmit diversity. It has become a promising technique for high-performance 5G broadband wireless communications. However, the main problem associated with MIMO-OFDM is that its signal exhibits high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which causes nonlinear distortion and consequently performance degradation. Besides, PAPR carries weaknesses such as an increase in power consumption of high power amplifier (HPA) and analog to digital converter (ADC). Thus, 5G base stations will push up power requirements because energy consumption grows with the number of transceiver elements. So, mobile operators must find the right compromise that, on the one hand, guarantees a certain level of performance to a data flow, and, on the other hand, the energy cost generated for the deployment of the network. For this, as part of the management of power consumption, we propose MIMO constant envelope OFDM (MIMO-CE-OFDM) technique. In this work, we used MIMO-CE-OFDM to mitigate the nonlinear effect of HPA and ADC. To perform practical simulations, we have used COST 2100 MIMO channel model. In this paper, a MIMO-CE-OFDM system has been presented and analyzed under COST 2100 channel model conditions. Simulation results are given to illustrate the performance of [Formula: see text] MIMO-CE-OFDM in the presence of both HPA and ADC nonlinearity. This work shows that the effect of nonlinearity is shown to be negligible on MIMO-CE-OFDM signal.
String-net models for nonspherical pivotal fusion categories
Authors: Runkel Ingo 
Published: June 2020

A string-net model associates a vector space to a surface in terms of graphs decorated by objects and morphisms of a pivotal fusion category modulo local relations. String-net models are usually considered for spherical fusion categories, and in this case, the vector spaces agree with the state spaces of the corresponding Turaev–Viro topological quantum field theory. In the present work, some effects of dropping the sphericality condition are investigated. In one example of nonspherical pivotal fusion categories, the string-net space counts the number of [Formula: see text]-spin structures on a surface and carries an isomorphic representation of the mapping class group. Another example concerns the string-net space of a sphere with one marked point labeled by a simple object [Formula: see text] of the Drinfeld center. This space is found to be nonzero iff [Formula: see text] is isomorphic to a nonunit simple object determined by the nonspherical pivotal structure. The last example mirrors the effect of deforming the stress tensor of a two-dimensional conformal field theory, such as in the topological twist of a supersymmetric theory.
Spectre attacks
Authors: Kocher Paul , Horn Jann , Fogh Anders , Genkin Daniel , Gruss Daniel , Haas Werner , Hamburg Mike , Lipp Moritz , Mangard Stefan , Prescher Thomas , Schwarz Michael , Yarom Yuval 
Published: June 2020

Modern processors use branch prediction and speculative execution to maximize performance. For example, if the destination of a branch depends on a memory value that is in the process of being read, CPUs will try to guess the destination and attempt to execute ahead. When the memory value finally arrives, the CPU either discards or commits the speculative computation. Speculative logic is unfaithful in how it executes, can access the victim's memory and registers, and can perform operations with measurable side effects.
Spectre attacks involve inducing a victim to speculatively perform operations that would not occur during correct program execution and which leak the victim's confidential information via a side channel to the adversary. This paper describes practical attacks that combine methodology from side-channel attacks, fault attacks, and return-oriented programming that can read arbitrary memory from the victim's process. More broadly, the paper shows that speculative execution implementations violate the security assumptions underpinning numerous software security mechanisms, such as operating system process separation, containerization, just-in-time (JIT) compilation, and countermeasures to cache timing and side-channel attacks. These attacks represent a serious threat to actual systems because vulnerable speculative execution capabilities are found in microprocessors from Intel, AMD, and ARM that are used in billions of devices.
Although makeshift processor-specific countermeasures are possible in some cases, sound solutions will require fixes to processor designs as well as updates to instruction set architectures (ISAs) to give hardware architects and software developers a common understanding as to what computation state CPU implementations are (and are not) permitted to leak.
A Bispecific DLL3/CD3 IgG-Like T-Cell Engaging Antibody Induces Antitumor Responses in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hipp Susanne , Voynov Vladimir , Drobits-Handl Barbara , Giragossian Craig , Trapani Francesca , Nixon Andrew E. , Scheer Justin M. , Adam Paul J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most lethal and aggressive subtype of lung carcinoma characterized by highly chemotherapy-resistant recurrence in the majority of patients. To effectively treat SCLC, we have developed a unique and novel IgG-like T-cell engaging bispecific antibody (ITE) that potently redirects T-cells to specifically lyse SCLC cells expressing Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3), an antigen that is frequently expressed on the cell surface of SCLC cells, with no to very little detectable expression in normal tissues.

Experimental Design:
The antitumor activity and mode of action of DLL3/CD3 ITE was evaluated in vitro using SCLC cell lines and primary human effector cells and in vivo in an SCLC xenograft model reconstituted with human CD3+ T-cells.

Results:
Selective binding of DLL3/CD3 ITE to DLL3-positive tumor cells and T-cells induces formation of an immunological synapse resulting in tumor cell lysis and activation of T-cells. In a human T-cell engrafted xenograft model, the DLL3/CD3 ITE leads to an increase in infiltration of T-cells into the tumor tissue resulting in apoptosis of the tumor cells and tumor regression. Consistent with the mode of action, the DLL3/CD3 ITE treatment led to upregulation of PD-1, PD-L1, and LAG-3.

Conclusions:
This study highlights the ability of the DLL3/CD3 ITE to induce strictly DLL3-dependent T-cell redirected lysis of tumor cells and recruitment of T-cells into noninflamed tumor tissues leading to tumor regression in a preclinical in vivo model. These data support clinical testing of the DLL3/CD3 ITE in patients with SCLC.
Decline in Stroke Presentations During COVID-19 Surge
Authors: Uchino Ken , Kolikonda Murali K. , Brown Dena , Kovi Shivakrishna , Collins Dana , Khawaja Zeshaun , Buletko A. Blake , Russman Andrew N. , Hussain M. Shazam 
Published: June 2020

Background and Purpose:
We aimed to investigate the acute stroke presentations during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods:
The data were obtained from a health system with 19 emergency departments in northeast Ohio in the United States. Baseline period from January 1 to March 8, 2020, was compared with the COVID period from March 9, to April 2, 2020. The variables included were total daily stroke alerts across the hospital emergency departments, thrombolysis, time to presentation, stroke severity, time from door-to-imaging, time from door-to-needle in thrombolysis, and time from door-to-puncture in thrombectomy. The 2 time periods were compared using nonparametric statistics and Poisson regression.

Results:

Nine hundred two stroke alerts during the period across the emergency departments were analyzed. Total daily stroke alerts decreased from median, 10 (interquartile range, 8–13) during baseline period to median, 8 (interquartile range, 4–10,
P
=0.001) during COVID period. Time to presentation, stroke severity, and time to treatment were unchanged. COVID period was associated with decrease in stroke alerts with rate ratio of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.60–0.28). Thrombolysis also decreased with rate ratio, 0.52 (95% CI, 0.28–0.97) but thrombectomy remained unchanged rate ratio, 0.93 (95% CI, 0.52–1.62)

Conclusions:
We observed a significant decrease in acute stroke presentations by ≈30% across emergency departments at the time of surge of COVID-19 cases. This observation could be attributed to true decline in stroke incidence or patients not seeking medical attention for emergencies during the pandemic.
Understanding African Americans’ Attitudes toward Nonhuman Animals: Historical and Psychological Perspectives
Authors: Richardson Kaitlynn S. , Burke Kelly C. , Brazley Kairra N. , Jones Tayler M. , Bottoms Bette L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Historical and current literature is reviewed and social psychological theory is applied to support novel theories about African Americans’ attitudes toward nonhuman animals. Due to psychological reactions stemming from their brutal U.S. history, involving shared suffering with animals, African Americans are theorized to have either negative or positive beliefs about animals. Two studies revealed the latter: that African Americans have positive attitudes toward animals overall, as measured by a new, statistically reliable Attitudes toward Animals Scale. In Study 1, African American university students’ attitudes were somewhat less positive than White students’ attitudes, but in Study 2, older African American community members’ attitudes were more positive than Whites’. This cross-study difference, however, results from less positive White attitudes in Study 2, rather than from any important difference in African Americans’ attitudes across the two samples. The results and unique theoretical framework pave the way for future research on this important issue.
Pastoral Visitations in the First World Empires (Spain and Portugal in the 16th and 17th Centuries): A Comparative Approach
Authors: Paiva José Pedro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Using a comparative approach, attentive to the assumptions of global history, this paper undertakes a comprehensive and holistic survey of the role of pastoral visits in the Christianization of Spanish America and in the Portuguese empire. It argues that the models and practices of visits in Spain and Portugal were replicated in their extra-European territories (adapted in accordance with the particularities of the local context), though the visits realized in the Hispanic world were not absolutely identical to those carried out in the regions under Portuguese domination. It concludes that pastoral visits were an important tool of Christianization, and a way of disciplining the behavior of clerics and laity through the application of preventive and punitive forms of justice, as well as being a means of negotiation that sought to affirm the episcopal authority before other powers.
Ipsilateral Cochlear Implantation in the Presence of Observed and Irradiated Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Urban Matthew J. , Moore Dennis M. , Kwarta Keri , Leonetti John , Rajasekhar Rebecca , Gluth Michael B. , Wiet R. Mark 
Published: June 2020

Objectives: Historically, eventual loss of cochlear nerve function has limited patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) to auditory brainstem implants (ABI), which in general are less effective than modern cochlear implants (CI). Our objective is to evaluate hearing outcomes following ipsilateral cochlear implantation in patients with NF2 and irradiated vestibular schwannomas (VS), and sporadic VS that have been irradiated or observed. Methods: Multi-center retrospective analysis of ipsilateral cochlear implantation in the presence of observed and irradiated VS. MESH search in NCBI PubMed database between 1992 and 2019 for reported cases of cochlear implantation with unresected vestibular schwannoma. Results: Seven patients underwent ipsilateral cochlear implantation in the presence of observed or irradiated vestibular schwannomas. Four patients had sporadic tumors with severe-profound contralateral hearing loss caused by presbycusis/hereditary sensorineural hearing loss, and three patients with NF2 lost contralateral hearing after prior surgical resection. Prior to implantation, one VS was observed without growth for a period of 7 years and the others were treated with radiotherapy. Mean post-operative sentence score was 63.9% (range 48-91) at an average of 28 (range 2-84) months follow up. All patients in this cohort obtained open set speech perception. While analysis of the literature is limited by heterogenous data reporting, 85% of implants with observed schwannomas achieved some open set perception, and 67% of patients previously radiated schwannomas. Furthermore, blending literature outcomes for post implantation sentence testing in quiet without lip-reading show 59.0 ± 35% for patients with CI and observed tumors and 55.7 ± 35% for patients with radiated tumors, with both groups ranging 0 to 100%. Conclusion: This retrospective series and literature review highlight that hearing outcomes with CI for VS patients are superior to those achieved with ABI. However, important considerations including imaging, delayed hearing loss, and observation time cannot be ignored in this population.
Haptic Lane-Keeping Assistance for Truck Driving: A Test Track Study
Authors: Roozendaal Jeroen , Johansson Emma , Winter Joost de , Abbink David , Petermeijer Sebastiaan 
Published: June 2020

Objective This study aims to compare the effectiveness and subjective acceptance of three designs for haptic lane-keeping assistance in truck driving. Background Haptic lane-keeping assistance provides steering torques toward a reference trajectory, either continuously or only when exceeding a bandwidth. These approaches have been previously investigated in driving simulators, but it is unclear how these generalize toward real-life truck driving. Method Three haptic lane-keeping algorithms to assist truck drivers were evaluated on a 6.3-km-long oval-shaped test track: (1) a single-bandwidth (SB) algorithm, which activated assistance torques when the predicted lateral deviation from lane center exceeded 0.4 m; (2) a double-bandwidth (DB) algorithm, which activated as SB, but deactivated after returning within 0.15 m lateral deviation; and (3) an algorithm providing assistance torques continuously (Cont) toward the lane center. Fifteen participants drove four trials each, one trial without and one for each haptic assistance design. Furthermore, participants drove with and without a concurrent visually distracting task. Results Compared to unsupported driving, all three assistance systems provided similar safety benefits in terms of decreased absolute lateral position and number of lane departures. Participants reported higher satisfaction and usability for Cont compared to SB. Conclusion The continuous assistance was better accepted than bandwidth assistance, a finding consistent with prior driving simulator research. Research is still needed to investigate the long-term effects of haptic assistance on reliance and after-effects. Application The present results are useful for designers of haptic lane-keeping assistance, as driver acceptance and performance are determinants of reliance and safety, respectively.
Decrease of hospitalizations and length of hospital stay in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders treated in a community mental health service in rural Greece
Authors: Peritogiannis Vaios , Gioti Panagiota , Gogou Afroditi , Samakouri Maria 
Published: June 2020

Background: The treatment of severe and chronic mental disorders, such as schizophrenia and related syndromes, is largely based on community mental health services. Aims: The objective of the present study was to assess hospital admissions and length of hospital stay in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders, who are engaged to treatment with a Mobile Mental Health Unit (MMHU I-T) in a defined rural catchment area in Greece. Method: Data were retrieved retrospectively for 76 patients with schizophrenia and related disorders. For each patient, comparison was made for the same interval prior and after engagement to treatment with the MMHU I-T. Results: The average age of patients was 56 years and the mean illness duration was 28 years. The mean follow-up duration was 5.3 years. There was a statistically significant decrease in the annual average of the number of voluntary and involuntary hospitalizations and on days of hospital stay after treatment engagement with the MMHU I-T. Conclusions: Treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in rural residents by the MMHUs may contribute to the reduction of patients’ admissions and length of hospital stay. Future research should address the cost-effectiveness of such interventions.
The Vatican Opinion on Gender Theory
Authors: Tudela Julio , Burguete Enrique , Aznar Justo 
Published: June 2020

This article is a reasoned response to the article by Timothy F. Murphy, recently published in the prestigious journal Bioethics, on the supposed opposition between the views of the Catholic Church and what he calls “contemporary science” in relation to certain anthropological issues linked to the gender perspective. To point to “the Vatican” as anchored in an unscientific and anachronistic position, using the term contemporary science to which he attributes a unanimous representation of current scientific thinking on the subject is, in our view, unfounded and completely unacceptable. In his reflection, he does not adequately distinguish between intersex and transgenderism, two clearly different realities with different needs. The author defends the obsolescence of the binary sex/gender model that, in his view, “betrays human sexuality.” Furthermore, he does so without providing a plausible justification or a definition of human nature that is able to support the plurality and indeterminacy of sexual conditions, without falling back on untenable dualisms or relativism devoid of scientific objectivity. In our response, we highlight how the dialogue between Faith and Reason, as developed in the recent Magisterium of the Catholic Church, is essential to explain nature, the human being and, in general, all creations. Finally, contemporary science does not provide a monolithic and unquestionable view of the nature of human beings and their sexual identity, as the author claims, with many scientists confirming evidence of a binary human sexuality genetically and phenotypically determined. Summary: This paper is a reasoned response to the supposed opposition between the views of the Catholic Church and “contemporary science” in relation to certain anthropological issues linked to the gender perspective.The dialogue between Faith and Reason, as developed in the recent Magisterium of the Catholic Church, is essential to explain nature, the human being and, in general, all creation, against the opinion of those who defend the obsolescence of the binary sex/gender model that, in their view, “betrays human sexuality”.
Validation of the Spanish Version of the STOP-Bang Questionnaire: Usefulness as a Screening Tool for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults
Authors: Delgado-Vargas Beatriz , Acle-Cervera Leticia , Narciso López Gianmarco 
Published: June 2020

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is an increasing health problem, the diagnosis of which is generally delayed due to long waiting lists for the tests used to identify it. Therefore, tools that help on classifying patients at higher risk of suffering this syndrome have been developed. Methods: One hundred ninety-three consecutive patients, with and without OSAS, filled in the Spanish version of the STOP-Bang questionnaire in Hospital Universitario de Torrejón (Spain). Polysomnographies were performed to diagnose the presence and severity of the OSAS. Statistics analysis of the demographic characteristics of the sample and the questionnaire results was performed. Results: Most patients were male (73%) and the mean age was 50.4 years (ranging from 19-77 years). Cronbach α coefficient in the sample was 0.8072. A statistically significant difference was noted in the questionnaire scores between patients with OSAS and those without the syndrome. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the STOP-Bang questionnaire possess a good internal consistency that allows us to rely on it as a screening tool for patients with OSAS. In our sample, a difference in the questionnaire score was appreciated between patients with and without the syndrome, which strongly supports the utility of the questionnaire for its purpose.