bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burning savanna for avian species richness and functional diversity
Authors: Docherty Teegan D. S. , Hethcoat Matthew G. , MacTavish Lynne M. , MacTavish Dougal , Dell Stephen , Stephens Philip A. , Willis Stephen G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrescribed fire is used throughout fire‐prone landscapes to conserve biodiversity. Current best practice in managing savanna systems advocates methods based on the assumption that increased fire‐mediated landscape heterogeneity (pyrodiversity) will promote biodiversity. However, considerable knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of how savanna wildlife responds to the composition and configuration of pyrodiverse landscapes. The effects of pyrodiversity on functional diversity have rarely been quantified and assessing this relationship at a landscape scale that is commensurate with fire management is important for understanding mechanisms underlying ecosystem resilience. Here, we assess the impact of spatiotemporal variation in a long‐term fire regime on avian diversity in North West Province, South Africa. We examined the relationship between (1) species richness, (2) three indices of functional diversity (i.e., functional richness, functional evenness, and functional dispersion) and four measures of pyrodiversity, the spatial extents of fire age classes, and habitat type at the landscape scale. We then used null models to assess differences between observed and expected functional diversity. We found that the proportion of newly burned (<1‐yr post‐fire), old, unburned (≥10 yr post‐fire), and woodland habitat on the landscape predicted species and functional richness. Species richness also increased with the degree of edge contrast between patches of varying fire age, while functional dispersion increased with the degree of patch shape complexity. Lower than expected levels of functional richness suggest that habitat filtering is occurring, resulting in functional redundancy across our study sites. We demonstrate that evaluating functional diversity and redundancy is an important component of conservation planning as they may contribute to previously reported fire resilience. Our findings suggest that it is the type and configuration, rather than the diversity, of fire patches on the landscape that promote avian diversity and conserve ecological functions. A management approach is needed that includes significant coverage of adjacent newly burned and older, unburned savanna habitat; the latter, in particular, is inadequately represented under current burning practices.
Suicide attempts requiring hospitalization in patients with eating disorders: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cliffe Charlotte , Shetty Hitesh , Himmerich Hubertus , Schmidt Ulrike , Stewart Robert , Dutta Rina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveSuicide attempts requiring hospitalization are known to be common in patients who are diagnosed with eating disorders. Attempting suicide is a major indicator for those at risk of completed suicide. Both the specific eating disorder diagnosis and the influence of psychiatric comorbidities on suicide attempts requiring hospitalization were investigated, with demographic and socioeconomic variables as confounders, over a 10‐year observation period from January 2007 to March 2017.MethodsAnonymized health‐record data from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) were retrieved through the Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) data resource; this is linked to national Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data. These data include all diagnoses for inpatient admissions. Hazard ratios, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated from cox regression analyses and the effects of a number of confounders were estimated by performing multivariable analyses.ResultsIn total, 4,895 patients were diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or eating disorder otherwise not specified (EDNOS). Of these, 331 (6.7%) had attempted suicide requiring hospitalization and 21 (0.04%) completed suicide. The eating disorder category associated with the highest risk of a suicide attempt was AN (HR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.08–1.89, p = .01). The risk was significantly increased further if the patient had a comorbid diagnosis of personality disorder, depression, bipolar affective disorder, and substance misuse.DiscussionSuicide attempts requiring hospitalization have a high incidence rate among patients with eating disorders, and the risk is significantly increased in AN. Comorbid psychiatric illness and suicidal ideation should be carefully assessed in all eating disorder patients.
Estimating effective population size using RADseq: Effects of SNP selection and sample size
Authors: Marandel Florianne , Charrier Grégory , Lamy Jean‐Baptiste , Le Cam Sabrina , Lorance Pascal , Trenkel Verena M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEffective population size (Ne) is a key parameter of population genetics. However, Ne remains challenging to estimate for natural populations as several factors are likely to bias estimates. These factors include sampling design, sequencing method, and data filtering. One issue inherent to the restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) protocol is missing data and SNP selection criteria (e.g., minimum minor allele frequency, number of SNPs). To evaluate the potential impact of SNP selection criteria on Ne estimates (Linkage Disequilibrium method) we used RADseq data for a nonmodel species, the thornback ray. In this data set, the inbreeding coefficient FIS was positively correlated with the amount of missing data, implying data were missing nonrandomly. The precision of Neestimates decreased with the number of SNPs. Mean Ne estimates (averaged across 50 random data sets with2000 SNPs) ranged between 237 and 1784. Increasing the percentage of missing data from 25% to 50% increased Ne estimates between 82% and 120%, while increasing the minor allele frequency (MAF) threshold from 0.01 to 0.1 decreased estimates between 71% and 75%. Considering these effects is important when interpreting RADseq data‐derived estimates of effective population size in empirical studies.
Behavioral plasticity mitigates the effect of warming on white‐tailed deer
Authors: Wolff Carter L. , Demarais Stephen , Brooks Christopher P. , Barton Brandon T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClimate change is expected to create novel environments in which extant species cannot persist, therefore leading to the loss of them and their associated ecological functions within the ecosystem. However, animals may employ behavioral mechanisms in response to warming that could allow them to maintain their functional roles in an ecosystem despite changed temperatures. Specifically, animals may shift their activity in space or time to make use of thermal heterogeneity on the landscape. However, few studies consider the role of behavioral plasticity and spatial or temporal heterogeneity in mitigating the effects of climate change. We conducted experiments to evaluate the potential importance of behavior in mediating the net effects of warming on white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We used shade structures to manipulate the thermal environment around feeding stations to monitor deer feeding activity and measure total consumption. In individual experiments where deer only had access to unshaded feeders, deer fed less during the day but compensated by increasing feeding during times when temperature was lower. In group experiments where deer had access to both shaded and unshaded feeders, deer often fed during the day but disproportionally preferred the cooler, shaded feeders. Our results suggest that deer can capitalize on temporal and spatial heterogeneity in the thermal environment to meet nutritional and thermal requirements, demonstrating the importance of behavioral plasticity when predicting the net effects of climate change.
An edge computing‐based predictive evaluation scheme toward geological drilling data using long short‐term memory network
Authors: Yin Junluo , Luo Xiong , Zhu Yueqin , Wang Weiping , Wang Long , Huang Chao , Wang Jenq‐Haur 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEdge computing has been identified as one of the new computing paradigms, while improving service response performance and reliability in cloud computing environment. Meanwhile, there has been a tremendous surge of interest in the study of analyzing geological data. Given the success of edging computing in some industrial applications, it is also expected that it can be applied in this field, with the ever‐increasing demand for effectively achieving mineral exploration. Then, a novel application is accordingly developed in this article, through the combination of edge computing devices and geological data analysis model. Specifically, on the basis of multiple drilling data in the mine, a predictive evaluation scheme is proposed. After preprocessing the complex original data and analyzing the relationship between mineral composition content change and depth, the long short‐term memory (LSTM) as a recurrent neural network in the field of deep learning, is used to model certain mineral components, due to the satisfactory performance of LSTM in addressing time series data. Moreover, an evolutionary computing method, that is, the particle swarm optimization algorithm, is also incorporated into our scheme to optimize some key parameters, in an effort to further improve the computational performance. Finally, in edge computing environment our scheme is deployed on a typical edge device, that is, the Raspberry Pi, to achieve mineral exploration in a more efficient manner, while avoiding the limitation of resource concentration. The experimental results show that our edge computing‐based predictive evaluation scheme can effectively improve the performance in analyzing geological drilling data.
An endoscopic anatomical study of the levator veli palatini and its relationship to the parapharyngeal internal carotid artery
Authors: Xu Xinni , Ong Yew Kwang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objectives of this study are to describe the levator veli palatini (LVP) as a landmark for the parapharyngeal internal carotid artery (pICA) and the endoscopic course of the pICA.MethodsCadaver dissection and illustrative case study.ResultsSeven cadaveric heads (12 sides) were dissected. In all 12 sides, the LVP was consistently located between the Eustachian tube and the pICA near the skull base, making the LVP just anterior to and the closest structure to the pICA. The distance between the pICA and the nares ranged from 9.0 to 12.7 cm. The distance between the pICA and the midpoint of the nasopharynx ranged from 1.9 to 3.7 cm. The case study illustrated the applicability of these findings.ConclusionThe LVP is a reliable and precise landmark for the pICA. A safe working distance to the pICA is 1.9 cm from the midpoint of the nasopharynx and 9.0 cm from the nares.
Vocal emotion expressions in infant‐directed singing: The impact of war trauma and maternal mental health and the consequences on infant development
Authors: Punamäki Raija‐Leena , Vänskä Mervi , Quota Samir R. , Perko Kaisa , Diab Safwat Y. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMaternal singing is considered vital to infant well‐being. This study focuses on vocal emotion expressions in infant‐directed singing among mothers in war conditions. It examines the questions: (a) how traumatic war events and mental health problems are associated with the content and valence of vocal emotion expressions and (b) how these emotion expressions are associated with infant development. The vocal material consists of songs sung by 50 Palestinian mothers who participated at delivery (T1) as well as when their infants were 6 (T2) and 18 (T3) months of age. These mothers reported traumatic war events (T1); depressive and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (T2–T3); and infants' emotional, sensorimotor, and cognitive development (T2–T3). Student judges evaluated the valence and content of vocal emotion expressions in maternal infant‐directed singing (playfulness‐vivacity, fear, joy, sadness, love‐tenderness, anger, and tension). Severe traumatic war events and depressive symptoms were associated with low positive and high negative vocal emotion expressions. High levels of playfulness and joy, as well as low levels of fear and tension, were associated with infant positive affectivity, while low levels of fear, anger, and tension were associated with advanced infant language skills. Discussion focuses on the vocal markers of maternal mental health and infant development.Highlights
How are maternal war trauma and mental health problems (symptoms of depression and post‐traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) associated with the valence and content of mothers' vocal emotion expressions when they sing to their infants?
How are the maternal vocal emotion expressions associated with infant emotional and sensorimotor development?
Methodologically, the study involved cultural in‐ and out‐group judges to evaluate maternal vocal emotion expressions. The vocal material consisted of song excerpts of 50 Palestinian women from the Gaza strip, which is sung in Arabic. War trauma was photodocumented; mothers reported their symptoms of depression and PTSD; and infant emotion development by the Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ), sensorimotor development, is based on the Bayley test.
Maternal vocal emotion expression in infant‐directed singing can provide a marker for her mental health in transition to parenthood. Further, valence and content of infant‐directed singing are vital for infant emotional and sensorimotor development.
Scaffolding Students’ Writing Processes Through Dialogic Assessment
Authors: Beck Sarah W. , Jones Karis , Storm Scott , Smith Holly 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith dialogic writing assessment, teachers can scaffold students’ writing processes in ways that are flexible and responsive to students’ individual needs. Examples of teachers using this conference‐based method of classroom writing assessment illustrate how to practice assessment that is dynamic and relational rather than static and standardized, by allowing teachers to vary their support for student writers based on students’ unique needs. These examples also suggest that teachers’ epistemologies for writing instruction can influence how they practice dialogic writing assessment. The authors conclude with a discussion of how dynamic and responsive scaffolding can support an equity‐focused model for teaching academic writing and how teachers’ expertise may be a factor in how they apply dialogic writing assessment.
Relaxin enhances bone regeneration with BMP‐2‐loaded hydroxyapatite microspheres
Authors: Injamuri Sahitya , Rahaman Mohamed N. , Shen Youqu , Huang Yue‐Wern 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOur aims were to 1) evaluate the capacity of hollow hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres (212–250 μm) to serve as a delivery system for controlled release of BMP‐2 in vitro and 2) examine relaxin as an enhancer of BMP‐2 for bone regeneration. Hollow HA microspheres were converted from borate glass microspheres and characterized using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. The microspheres loaded with BMP‐2 and relaxin were implanted for 6 weeks in Sprague Dawley rats with calvarial defects. BMP‐2 alone in the range up to 1 μg per defect exhibited dose‐dependent bone regeneration while relaxin alone in the range up to 0.25 μg per defect did not promote bone regeneration. When compared with BMP‐2 alone (1 μg per defect), a 50% reduction in the BMP‐2 dose was achieved with the addition of 0.05, 0.1, or 0.25 μg of relaxin per defect. These results show that loading HA microspheres with a combination of relaxin and BMP‐2 can significantly reduce the BMP‐2 dose required to regenerate an equivalent amount of bone.
Toward a less costly but accurate calculation of the CCSD(T)/CBS noncovalent interaction energy
Authors: Chen Jiu‐Li , Sun Tao , Wang Yi‐Bo , Wang Weizhou 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe popular method of calculating the noncovalent interaction energies at the coupled‐cluster single‐, double‐, and perturbative triple‐excitations [CCSD(T)] theory level in the complete basis set (CBS) limit was to add a CCSD(T) correction term to the CBS second‐order Møller‐Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). The CCSD(T) correction term is the difference between the CCSD(T) and MP2 interaction energies evaluated in a medium basis set. However, the CCSD(T) calculations with the medium basis sets are still very expensive for systems with more than 30 atoms. Comparatively, the domain‐based local pair natural orbital coupled‐cluster method [DLPNO‐CCSD(T)] can be applied to large systems with over 1,000 atoms. Considering both the computational accuracy and efficiency, in this work, we propose a new scheme to calculate the CCSD(T)/CBS interaction energies. In this scheme, the MP2/CBS term keeps intact and the CCSD(T) correction term is replaced by a DLPNO‐CCSD(T) correction term which is the difference between the DLPNO‐CCSD(T) and DLPNO‐MP2 interaction energies evaluated in a medium basis set. The interaction energies of the noncovalent systems in the S22, HSG, HBC6, NBC10, and S66 databases were recalculated employing this new scheme. The consistent and tight settings of the truncation parameters for DLPNO‐CCSD(T) and DLPNO‐MP2 in this noncanonical CCSD(T)/CBS calculations lead to the maximum absolute deviation and root‐mean‐square deviation from the canonical CCSD(T)/CBS interaction energies of less than or equal to 0.28 kcal/mol and 0.09 kcal/mol, respectively. The high accuracy and low cost of this new computational scheme make it an excellent candidate for the study of large noncovalent systems.
The fat mass, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Šálek Tomáš , Adamíková Alena , Ponížil Petr 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to analyze the degree of obesity and its associations with age, gender, inflammation, an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and liver function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.MethodsA total of 874 consecutive adult Caucasian T2DM patients from outpatient diabetic clinic were included in the study. The relative fat mass (RFM) and body mass index (BMI) were used as obesity markers. Serum creatinine and cystatin C were used for the GFR estimation. Serum high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) was used as the indicator of inflammation.ResultsThe median, interquartile range (IQR) of RFM in females was higher than that in males (44.8 (42.3‐47.2) % vs 31.3 (28.8‐34.1) %, respectively; P < .0001). The median (IQR) of BMI in females was no higher than that in males (30 (27‐34) kg/m2 vs 30 (27‐34), respectively; P = .5152). The obesity prevalence was 99% in males and 98% in females according to RFM. BMI recognized obesity in 51% males and 53% females. RFM was positively associated with hsCRP in both males (rs = .296, P < .0001) and females (rs = .445, P < .0001). ALT was positively correlated with eGFRcys in both males (rs = .379, P < .0001) and females (rs = .308, P < .0001).ConclusionThe RFM equation leads to higher obesity prevalence compared to BMI. Women have higher RFM compared to men. The kidney function was positively correlated with ALT serum concentrations.
Upregulation of SOX11 enhances tamoxifen resistance and promotes epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition via slug in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Xiao Yingsheng , Xie Qin , Qin Qingsong , Liang Yuanke , Lin Haoyu , Zeng De 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResistance to tamoxifen remains a prominent conundrum in the therapy of hormone‐sensitive breast cancer. Also, the molecular underpinnings leading to tamoxifen resistance remain unclear. In the present study, we utilized the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify that SOX11 might exert a pivotal function in conferring tamoxifen resistance of breast cancer. SOX11 was found to be markedly upregulated at both the messenger RNA and protein levels in established MCF‐7‐Tam‐R cells compared to the parental counterparts. Moreover, SOX11 was able to activate the transcription of slug via binding to its promoter, resulting in promoting the progress of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and suppressing the expression of ESR1. Downregulating SOX11 expression can restore the sensitivity to 4‐hydroxytamoxifen in MCF‐7‐Tam‐R cells. Survival analysis from large sample datasets indicated that SOX11 was closely related to poorer survival in patients with breast cancer. These findings suggest a novel feature of SOX11 in contributing to tamoxifen resistance. Hence, targeting SOX11 could be a potential therapeutic strategy to tackle tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer.
A preliminary investigation of wild pig (Sus scrofa) impacts in water quality
Authors: Brooks John P. , Smith Renotta K. , Aldridge Caleb A. , Chaney Brent , Omer Austin , Dentinger Jane , Street Garrett M. , Baker Beth H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe United States, particularly the southern portion, has recently suffered drastic population expansion of wild pigs causing destruction of prime farmland. An associated concern, which has been understudied, is the potential transfer of nutrients and pathogens to surface water. This study aimed to identify the abiotic and biotic impacts of captive wild pigs on water quality, including nutrients, fecal indicator and pathogenic bacteria, and antimicrobial resistance. Overall, the study demonstrated that wild pigs harbored Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, and Clostridium perfringens, which were found in water runoff collected directly beneath the hog paddock, often 2 log10 greater than above‐paddock levels. However, the impacts to downstream water quality were limited, perhaps because of a relatively large riparian buffer between the paddock and surface water. A higher rate of ammonium concentration changes over time was detected in the runoff water below the paddock; additionally, microbial releases detected in runoff were also time dependent, possibly associated with increasing pig numbers. Antibiotic resistance was generally not associated with the wild pigs. Antibiotic resistance genes were found in upstream as well as downstream surface water, suggesting that nonpoint sources of microbial contamination were present. Interestingly, intI1 levels were greater in below‐paddock runoff by nearly 2 log10. Overall, it appears that wild pigs potentially pose a threat to water quality but only if they have direct access to the water. Pathogen, fecal indicator bacteria, and some nutrient release were significantly associated with wild pigs, but riparian buffers limited water quality impairment.
Enhanced comparator‐based switched‐capacitor integrator using current conveyor
Authors: Chaharmahali Iman , Mianvelayat Mohammad Vafadar , Biabanifard Sadegh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNew schematic for comparator‐based switched‐capacitor (CBSC) integrator is proposed. In comparison with conventional CBSC integrators, the presented circuit helps to reduce significantly the power consumption while improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and the defined figure of merit (FOM). This was obtained by using a second‐generation current conveyor (CCII) in charge scheme. The integrator design is based on the 0.18‐μm CMOS technology with a frequency of 5 MHz; the proposed first‐order CBSC integrator exhibits 22.87 dB as SNR and 60 μW as power dissipation at 1.8‐V supply voltage.