bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene-Wrapped ZnMn2O4 Nanoparticles with Enhanced Performance as Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Materials
Authors: Sun Meng , Li Sijie , Zou Jiajia , Cui Zhipeng , Zhang Qingye , Schiettekatte François , Barba David , Liu Bing , Wang Yiqian 
Published: September 2020

ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) wrapped by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were fabricated via a two-step solvothermal method and used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Compared to pure ZnMn2O4, the ZnMn2O4 NPs/rGO composites deliver higher capacities of 1230 mAh g−1 and 578 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1 and 500 mA g−1, respectively. The enhanced electrochemical performance of ZnMn2O4 NPs/rGO composites is mainly attributed to a distinctive structure (ZnMn2O4 NPs surrounded by flexible rGO), which can promote the diffusion of Li+, accelerate the transport of electrons and buffer volume expansion during the Li+ insertion/extraction process. Furthermore, the rGO sheets can effectively prevent the agglomeration of ZnMn2O4 NPs, thus, improving structural stability of the composites. The excellent electrochemical performance indicates that such ZnMn2O4 NPs/rGO composite structure has a great potential for high-performance LIBs.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Associated with Improved Breast Cancer Survival—A Nationwide Cohort Study from Finland
Authors: Santala Eerik E.E. , Murto Mika O. , Artama Miia , Pukkala Eero , Visvanathan Kala , Murtola Teemu J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background:
Breast cancer incidence has been associated with hypertension, which might worsen disease prognosis, but few nationwide studies have investigated the association between antihypertensive drug use and breast cancer prognosis.

Methods:
A cohort of 73,170 women diagnosed with breast cancer during 1995–2013 identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry was combined with information on antihypertensive drug use during the same time period from a national prescription database. Antihypertensive drugs were analyzed in groups categorized by mechanism of action. Usage of antihypertensive drugs, statins, antidiabetic, and anticoagulative drugs was analyzed as time-dependent exposure to model for simultaneous use of multiple drug groups. Influence of protopathic bias was evaluated in lag-time analyses.

Results:
In prediagnostic use, only angiotensin receptor (ATR)-blockers were associated with decreased risk of breast cancer death as compared with nonusers (HR: 0.76, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.69–0.82), and there was an inverse association with cumulative dose of use. Postdiagnostic use of ATR-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors, beta-blockers, and calcium-channel blockers was dose dependently associated with better breast cancer survival compared with nonusers. The risk decrease was strongest for ATR-blockers (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.63–0.75) and remained for exposures occurring up to 3 years earlier.

Conclusions:
Only ATR-blockers were associated with improved breast cancer survival in both prediagnostic and postdiagnostic use. The association was dose dependent and supported by a biological rationale as a causal explanation. In postdiagnostic use, similar reduction was found also for other antihypertensives, supporting a prognostic role of hypertension control.

Impact:
Inhibition of angiotensin receptor subtype 1 (AT1) could be a promising novel way to affect breast cancer progression.
Sleep Characteristics and Risk of Ovarian Cancer Among Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Liang Xiaoyun , Harris Holly R. , Hendryx Michael , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Hale Lauren , Li Yueyao , Crane Tracy E. , Cespedes Feliciano Elizabeth M. , Stefanick Marcia L. , Luo Juhua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Several studies have assessed the relationship between sleep duration and ovarian cancer risk, but the results are conflicting. Importantly, no studies addressed the relationship between sleep disturbance or sleep quality and ovarian cancer incidence. Moreover, few studies have examined the relationships between sleep measures and subtypes of ovarian cancer. This study included 109,024 postmenopausal women ages 50–79 from the Women's Health Initiative during 1993–1998 and followed through 2018. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate adjusted HRs for the associations between sleep habits and the incidence of ovarian cancer and its subtypes. No association was observed between sleep duration, sleep quality, sleep disturbance, or insomnia and risk of overall ovarian cancer, serous/nonserous, or type I/type II ovarian cancer subtype. However, compared with women with average sleep quality, women with restful or very restful sleep quality had a significantly lower risk of invasive serous subtype [HR: 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60–0.90] while insomnia was associated with a higher risk of invasive serous subtype (HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.12–1.66). Associations with insomnia differed significantly by serous and nonserous subtypes, and type I and type II subtypes (Pheterogeneity = 0.001 and Pheterogeneity &lt;0.001, respectively). This study provides no evidence on association between sleep habits and overall ovarian cancer risk among postmenopausal women. However, restful or very restful sleep quality was associated with a lower risk of invasive serous ovarian cancer, and insomnia was associated with a higher risk of invasive serous ovarian cancer. Associations with insomnia differed by subtypes.

Prevention Relevance:
This study shows no association between sleep duration, sleep quality, or insomnia with the risk of overall ovarian cancer among postmenopausal women. However, restful sleep quality was associated with a lower risk of invasive serous ovarian cancer, and insomnia was associated with a higher risk of invasive serous ovarian cancer.
Processo de trabalho na atenção básica à saúde: a utilização do atendimento individual específico e articulação intersetorial por terapeutas ocupacionais e psicólogos
Authors: Silva Derivan Brito da , Moreira Priscila , Santos Lilian Cristina dos , Camargo Maria José Gugelmin de , Reis Denny Rafael Perusso dos 
Published: September 2020

A reorientação do modelo assistencial, no contexto da Atenção Básica à Saúde (ABS), com a implantação das equipes de Saúde da Família (SF) e do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica (NASF-AB) possibilitou aproximação entre os profissionais e comunidade. Esta aproximação facilita o acesso dos usuários e o manejo dos objetos de ação pelos profissionais da ABS. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de identificar as ferramentas utilizadas por terapeutas ocupacionais e psicólogos da equipe do NASF-AB no processo de trabalho, junto às equipes de SF, para a assistência a população. Para isto, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo. Constata-se que para intervir sobre as demandas presentes no território de abrangência das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS), os profissionais do NASF-AB enquanto agentes, utilizam como meios de produção ferramentas tecnológicas e de cuidado, como o atendimento individual específico, com os objetivos de prevenir agravos e promover saúde física e psíquica a população.
Impact of Psoriasis on Mortality Rate and Outcome in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Karbach Susanne , Hobohm Lukas , Wild Johannes , Münzel Thomas , Gori Tommaso , Wegner Joanna , Steinbrink Kerstin , Wenzel Philip , Keller Karsten 
Published: September 2020

Background
Psoriasis is a frequent chronic inflammatory cytokine‐mediated skin disease and was identified to be an independent risk factor for the occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI). However, data about the impact of psoriasis on mortality and other in‐hospital adverse events in the setting of MI are sparse and inconsistent.

Methods and Results

The nationwide German inpatient sample of the years 2005 to 2016 was used for statistical analysis. Hospitalized patients with MI were stratified for the presence of psoriasis and the impact of psoriasis on in‐hospital events was investigated. Overall, 3 307 703 patients with MI (37.6% females, 56.8% aged ≥70 years) were treated in Germany (2005–2016); among them 9028 (0.3%) were diagnosed with psoriasis. Patients with MI with psoriasis were significantly younger (68.0 [58.0–76.0] versus 73.0 [62.0–81.0] years;
P
<0.001) and showed significant lower in‐hospital case‐fatality rate (7.1% versus 12.4%;
P
<0.001), confirmed in the regression (odds ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.63–0.74;
P
<0.001) adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidities. They more frequently revealed cardiovascular risk factors such as arterial hypertension (58.9% versus 55.0%;
P
<0.001), hyperlipidemia (44.4% versus 38.6%;
P
<0.001), smoking (14.3% versus 7.4%;
P
<0.001), diabetes mellitus (34.8% versus 30.4%;
P
<0.001) or obesity (17.9% versus 9.3%;
P
<0.001). While the rate of percutaneous coronary intervention (41.4 versus 42.0%;
P
=0.223) was comparable between both groups, coronary bypass surgery was more often performed in patients with MI with psoriasis (7.7% versus 4.7%;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Overall, only 0.3% of all MI cases were diagnosed with psoriasis, and patients with MI with psoriasis were in median 5 years younger than patients with MI without psoriasis. Psoriasis seems to enhance the prevalence of classical cardiovascular risk factors and might therefore explain the earlier time point for MI. Our data also showed in turn a lower in‐hospital mortality rate in patients with MI with psoriasis, presumably driven by younger age.
Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Recurrence After Apparent Microsurgical Cure
Authors: Copelan Alexander , Drocton Gerald , Caton M. Travis , Smith Eric R. , Cooke Daniel L. , Nelson Jeffrey , Abla Adib A. , Fox Christine , Amans Matthew R. , Dowd Christopher F. , Halbach Van V. , Higashida Randall T. , Lawton Michael T. , Kim Helen , Fullerton Heather J. , Gupta Nalin , Hetts Steven W. ,   On behalf of the UCSF Center For Cerebrovascular Research and UCSF Pediatric Brain Center
Published: September 2020

Background and Purpose:
Do children have an increased risk for brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) recurrence compared with adults and does this risk vary depending on initial presentation with AVM rupture?

Methods:
We retrospectively studied 115 patients initially presenting with brain AVM under age 25 years who underwent complete surgical resection of the AVM as documented by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and had delayed follow-up DSA to evaluate for AVM recurrence after apparent initial cure.

Results:

The mean time from baseline DSA to follow-up DSA was 2.3 years, ranging from 0 to 15 years. Twelve patients (10.4% of the 115 patient cohort and 16.7% of 72 patients with hemorrhage at initial presentation) demonstrated AVM recurrence on follow-up DSA. All patients with recurrence initially presented with intracranial hemorrhage, and intracranial hemorrhage was a significant predictor of recurrence (log rank
P
=0.037). Among patients with initial hemorrhage, the 5-year recurrence rate was 17.8% (95% CI, 8.3%–35.7%). All recurrences occurred in patients who were children at the time of their initial presentation; the oldest was 15 years of age at the time of initial AVM surgery. The 5-year recurrence rate for children (0–18 years of age) with an initial presentation of hemorrhage was 21.4% (95% CI, 10.1%–41.9%). Using Cox regression, we found the risk of AVM recurrence decreased by 14% per each year increase in age at the time of initial surgical resection (hazard ratio=0.86 [95% CI, 0.75–0.99];
P
=0.031).

Conclusions:
There is a high rate of recurrence of apparently cured brain AVMs in children who initially present with AVM rupture. Imaging follow-up is warranted to prevent re-rupture.
C-FOG: Life of Coastal Fog
Authors: Fernando H. J. S. , Gultepe I. , Dorman C. , Pardyjak E. , Wang Q. , Hoch S. W , Richter D. , Creegan E. , Gaberšek S. , Bullock T. , Hocut C. , Chang R. , Alappattu D. , Dimitrova R. , Flagg D. , Grachev A. , Krishnamurthy R. , Singh D. K. , Lozovatsky I. , Nagare B. , Sharma A. , Wagh S. , Wainwright C. , Wroblewski M. , Yamaguchi R. , Bardoel S. , Coppersmith R. S. , Chisholm N. , Gonzalez E. , Gunawardena N. , Hyde O. , Morrison T. , Olson A. , Perelet A. , Perrie W. , Wang S. , Wauer B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractC-FOG is a comprehensive bi-national project dealing with the formation, persistence, and dissipation (life cycle) of fog in coastal areas (coastal fog) controlled by land, marine, and atmospheric processes. Given its inherent complexity, coastal-fog literature has mainly focused on case studies, and there is a continuing need for research that integrates across processes (e.g., air–sea–land interactions, environmental flow, aerosol transport, and chemistry), dynamics (two-phase flow and turbulence), microphysics (nucleation, droplet characterization), and thermodynamics (heat transfer and phase changes) through field observations and modeling. Central to C-FOG was a field campaign in eastern Canada from 1 September to 8 October 2018, covering four land sites in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia and an adjacent coastal strip transected by the Research Vessel Hugh R. Sharp. An array of in situ, path-integrating, and remote sensing instruments gathered data across a swath of space–time scales relevant to fog life cycle. Satellite and reanalysis products, routine meteorological observations, numerical weather prediction model (WRF and COAMPS) outputs, large-eddy simulations, and phenomenological modeling underpin the interpretation of field observations in a multiscale and multiplatform framework that helps identify and remedy numerical model deficiencies. An overview of the C-FOG field campaign and some preliminary analysis/findings are presented in this paper.
A Technique for Estimating Liquid Droplet Diameter and Liquid Water Content in Stratocumulus Clouds Using Radar and Lidar Measurements
Authors: Vivekanandan Jothiram , Ghate Virendra P. , Jensen Jorgen B. , Ellis Scott M. , Schwartz M. Christian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper describes a technique for estimating the liquid water content (LWC) and a characteristic particle diameter in stratocumulus clouds using radar and lidar observations. The uncertainty in LWC estimate from radar and lidar measurements is significantly reduced once the characteristic particle diameter is known. The technique is independent of the drop size distribution. It is applicable for a broad range of W-band reflectivityZbetween −30 and 0 dBZand all values of lidar backscatterβobservations. No partitioning of cloud or drizzle is required on the basis of an arbitrary threshold ofZas in prior studies. A method for estimating droplet diameter and LWC was derived from the electromagnetic simulations of radar and lidar observations. In situ stratocumulus cloud and drizzle probe spectra were input to the electromagnetic simulation. The retrieved droplet diameter and LWC were validated using in situ measurements from the southeastern Pacific Ocean. The retrieval method was applied to radar and lidar measurements from the northeastern Pacific. Uncertainty in the retrieved droplet diameter and LWC that are due to the measurement errors in radar and lidar backscatter measurements are 7% and 14%, respectively. The retrieved LWC was validated using the concurrent G-band radiometer estimates of the liquid water path.
Antiplatelet Agent Reversal Is Unnecessary in Blunt Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Not Requiring Immediate Craniotomy
Authors: Agyabeng-Dadzie Kojo , Hunter Jocelyn E. , Smith Timothy R. , Jordan Monica , Safcsak Karen , Ibrahim Joseph A. , Cheatham Michael L. , Bhullar Indermeet S. 
Published: September 2020

Background The need to reverse the coagulation impairment caused by chronic antiplatelet agents in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with acute traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (TICH) remains controversial. We sought to determine whether emergent platelet transfusion reduces the incidence of hemorrhage expansion, mortality, or need for neurosurgical intervention such as intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, burr holes, or craniotomy. Methods All adult blunt TICH patients (age ≥16 years) over a 4-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with penetrating TBI, blunt TBI without TICH on admission computed tomography (CT), receiving warfarin, not on antiplatelet agents, or requiring immediate operative intervention were excluded. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on whether they received a platelet transfusion: reversal group (RV) versus no reversal group (NR). Patient outcomes were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Fisher’s exact tests. Results 169 blunt TBI patients on chronic antiplatelet therapy were studied (102 RV group, 67 NR group). The groups were well matched with regard to age, Injury Severity Score, Abbreviated Injury Scale-head, Glasgow Coma Score, mechanism of injury, need for intubation, time to initial CT scan, and hospital length of stay. Immediate platelet transfusion did not alter the occurrence of TICH extension on follow-up CT (26% vs 21%, P = .71), TBI-specific mortality (9% vs 13%, P = .45), need for ICP monitor (2% vs 3%, P = 1.0), burr hole (1% vs 3%, P = .56), or craniotomy (1% vs 3%, P = .56). Discussion Immediate platelet transfusion is unnecessary in blunt TBI patients on chronic antiplatelet therapy who do not require immediate craniotomy.
Can Education and Enhanced Medical Director Oversight Improve Definitive Airway Control in the Prehospital Environment?
Authors: Forney Eric D. , Stokes Nathan A. , Ashley Dennis W. , Montgomery Anne , Benjamin Christie D. 
Published: September 2020

Background Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is the most definitive technique for airway management. However, supraglottic airway (SGA) may be used when ETI is not feasible. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of updated field sedation protocols, simulation teaching, robust Quality Assurance/Continuing Quality Improvement (QA/CQI) program, and enhanced emergency medical services (EMSs) medical director oversight on ETI and SGA usage at a Level 1 trauma center. Methods After the transition of EMS directors in May 2016, field sedation protocols were updated, a new QA/CQI was instituted, and multiple teaching and simulation sessions were conducted. A retrospective review of EMS data was conducted on all prehospital airway interventions performed by EMS personnel. Intubations occurring from July 2013 to May 2016 served as controls. Intubations from May 2016 to December 2017 served as the comparison group. Data collected included intubation type/indication, age, and successful or unsuccessful. Results There were 967 ETI and SGA performed on 84% and 15% of patients, respectively. Success rates were 75% for ETI and 82% for SGA. ETI increased from 83% in the control group to 88% in the study group, and SGA decreased from 16% in the control group to 11% in the study group ( P = .029). The success rate for ETI increased by 2% in the study group ( P = .539). Discussion This study showed that definitive airway control could be positively impacted by incorporating education and medical director oversight into EMS training. ETI increased and SGA decreased after implementation.
The impact of torture on interpersonal threat and reward neurocircuitry
Authors: Liddell Belinda , Malhi Gin S , Felmingham Kim L , Cheung Jessica , Outhred Tim , Das Pritha , Nickerson Angela , Den Miriam , Askovic Mirjana , Coello Mariano , Aroche Jorge , Bryant Richard A 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Torture adversely influences emotional functioning, but the neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning its impact are unknown. This study examined how torture exposure affects the neural substrates of interpersonal threat and reward processing. Methods: Male refugees with ( N = 31) and without ( N = 27) torture exposure completed a clinical interview and functional magnetic resonance imaging scan where they viewed fear, happy and neutral faces. Between-group activations and neural coupling were examined as moderated by posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and cumulative trauma load. Results: Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and trauma load significantly moderated group differences in brain activation and connectivity patterns. Torture survivors deactivated the ventral striatum during happy processing compared to non-torture survivor controls as a function of increased posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity – particularly avoidance symptoms. The ventral striatum was more strongly coupled with the inferior frontal gyrus in torture survivors. Torture survivors also showed left hippocampal deactivation to both fear and happy faces, moderated by trauma load, compared to controls. Stronger coupling between the hippocampus and frontal, temporoparietal and subcortical regions during fear processing was observed, with pathways being predicted by avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms. Conclusion: Torture exposure was associated with distinct brain activity and connectivity patterns during threat and reward processing, dependent on trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity. Torture appears to affect emotional brain functioning, and findings have the potential to guide more targeted interventions for torture survivors.
Perceived Occupational Performance in Youth with Eating Disorders: Treatment-Related Changes
Authors: Coelho Jennifer S. , Fernandes Avarna , Suen Janet , Keidar Adi , Cairns Jadine 
Published: September 2020

Background. This study examined changes in performance and satisfaction with self-identified occupational performance goals during a specialized day treatment admission in children and adolescents with eating disorders. Weight-related outcomes for underweight youth were also examined. Methods. A total of 63 youth participated in the study, with admission and discharge data on ratings of self-identified occupational performance goals (measured with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure) available for 42 participants. Findings. Significant improvements were found in ratings of satisfaction and performance with self-identified goals over the course of treatment. The program was also effective in supporting weight restoration for underweight youth, with a large effect size observed. Implications. A symptom-focused day treatment program for paediatric eating disorders led to improvements in perceived occupational performance. Collaborating with youth to develop self-identified goals in the context of eating disorders treatment can foster autonomy and potentially improve treatment engagement.