bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-way labour market integration? Perspectives on youth with a refugee background and employers
Authors: Lytinen E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In this study, the experiences of youth with a refugee background are explored in terms of their education and (un)employment in Finland. Moreover, the experiences of employers at employing people with a refugee background are analysed. The study contributes to the analysis of the double challenge of (un)employment that people face as refugees and as youth, and to the critical literature on employment and integration.

Methods
A total of 38 interviews were conducted between 2016 and 2018 in Finland. The analysis consists of 13 life story interviews with youth with a refugee background and 12 thematic interviews with employers. Additionally, 13 other experts were interviewed for contextualisation. The interviews were analysed by using narrative approach and qualitative content analysis.

Results
The refugee youths' educational paths differ significantly particularly due to their age at the time of arrival. They have found employment through various mechanisms and personal networks. The periods of unemployment have been difficult, even traumatic. The employers' recruitment strategies were numerous and the factors determining recruitment vary in different sectors. Even though bureaucracy of hiring refugees was a significant challenge, the experiences of hiring refugees were predominantly positive.

Conclusions
Even if the pressure is still largely on the refugees to integrate with the Nordic labour markets, there are encouraging signals about how the employers are also adapting. Yet, there is reason to be cautious as the Nordic countries are transitioning from welfare state to workfare state. Their refugee protection is politicised due to increasingly conditioning it on employment status. Employment can be important for integration, but integration is much more than just employment.
Climate Change, Public Health impacts and the role of the new digital technologies
Authors: Velez Lapão L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Health evidence should drive health policies towards health determinants targets. Amongst the environmental health determinants, climate change represents now a clear public health threat. The constant increase of temperatures has multiple consequences on population health, already observed in Europe and elsewhere. The role of healthcare services is paramount, moreover the use of new technologies that can mitigate CO2 emissions and reduce costs while improving healthcare coverage.
Reducing the impacts of climate change on the environment and population health is a challenge affecting everyone: it is therefore essential to get actors from all sectors, moreover from the technology side.
A scoping review addressed the impact of digital health services on climate change mitigation. Leveraging from previous work on telemedicine and health digital services an impact analysis was done covering both the CO2 mitigation and Costs. An example from a 20 years' telemedicine service is used to exemplify the impact.
The impact of a Telecardiology service, as an example of digital service, was addressed and the CO2 mitigation calculated. This service has so far avoided about 2000 flights from Africa to Europe, which means a reduction of more than 16 000 Tons of CO2. From this analysis is complemented with a scoping review showing the evidence from other digital health cases. The optimization of resources is critical in healthcare. In this regard, it is important to assess the actual benefits obtained with the health digital services, giving evidence on the righteousness of the decision-making.
Clearly digital health services should be promoted to tackle both health coverage from distance patients and to mitigate climate change footprint and should motivate policy-makers to take this challenge more seriously.
This work is contributing to SDG3, improving health, to SDG4, allowing to provide distance health education at relatively low cost and to SDG 13, by reducing the CO2 footprint.
Workplace violence, early neurological symptoms, and metabolic or psychiatric disorders
Authors: Magnavita N , Angelillo A , Anniballi A , Cavalieri S , Di Prinzio R R , Pompei A , Ragozzino R , Rallo G , Voza C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Workplace violence is ubiquitous. Neuropsychological symptoms, such as headaches and sleep problems, may be the earliest consequences of violent acts, and in turn are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders. Systematic research on this topic can help treatment and prevention.
905 health & social workers (male 331, 36.6%; mean age 46 + 11.4 years), during their periodical medical examination in the workplace, were asked to fill in a standardized questionnaire containing the Violent Incident Form on the episodes of violence suffered, the Headache Impact Test on headache and the PSQI on sleep problems. Anxiety and depression were evaluated with the Goldberg scale.
Workers reported having suffered physical assaults (5.2%), threats (11.5%), and harassment (10.2%) in the previous year. Workers who experienced violence had an increased risk of headaches (OR 2.80, CI95% 1.55-5.05 for physical violence, OR 1.83 CI95% 1.21-2.78 for threats, OR 2.46 CI95% 1.59-3.96 for harassment) and of sleep problems (OR 2.46, CI95% 1.33-4.57 for physical violence, OR 2.81 CI95% 1.82-4.33 for threats, OR 5.09 CI95% 3.04-8.51 for harassment).
Headache and sleep problems were significantly correlated with the components of the metabolic syndrome (hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycaemia, obesity): Pearson's r was 0.069 for headache (p &lt; 0.05), 0.142 for sleep quality (p &lt; 0.001). Head and sleep problems were also correlated with anxiety (r = 0.519 and 0.670, respectively) and with depression (r = 0.457 and 0.619).
Violence at work was associated with an increased risk of headaches and sleep problems. These symptoms were associated with the components of the metabolic syndrome, with anxiety and with depression.
Early detection of symptoms such as headaches and sleep problems allows individual treatment measures to be put in place. The identification of the causes of these morbid phenomena allows to implement primary prevention measures in the workplace.

Key messages
Workplace violence causes headache and sleep problems, which, in turn, are associated with metabolic and psychiatric disorders. Periodic surveillance of workers is useful for improving public health.
Cancer care coordinators in Poland: activities and role in the system. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Dela R , Dubas-Jakóbczyk K , Domagała A , Sowada C h 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Coordination of care provision has become an important health policy objective in numerous countries. In Poland, the function of cancer care coordinator (CCC) was introduced in 2015, under the oncological care organization reform, and they are mainly employed by hospital care providers. The objectives of the study were to: identify the scope of activities carried out by CCCs in Poland and assess their practical role in the oncological care system.

Methods
We conducted a cross sectional study covering the whole population of CCCs in Poland (employed in 403 healthcare units formally participating in the oncological care system in 2018). The questionnaire was developed based on existing literature, adjusted to Polish settings, and validated. It covered three parts: (1) characteristic of the provider institution; (2) overview of the CCC position (e.g., number of persons employed/working hours; background education); (3) the scope of activities and perceived barriers in the process of cancer care coordination. The survey was conducted between 11/2018 and 02/2019.

Results
A total number of 102 questionnaires were analysed (filled-in by CCCs employed in 92 different hospitals). The dominant education of CCCs was: nursing, public health, and other medical studies. A CCC's activities can be divided into four categories, related to communication with patients, medical staff, and other providers, and different administrative activities. More than 43% of respondents indicated realization of additional tasks, not related to cancer care coordination. The majority of respondents indicated the existence of interpersonal and system-level barriers in the process of cancer care coordination (59% and 54% respectively).

Conclusions
There is a need to better define the role of CCCs in Poland and provide them with adequate support (trainings, administrative and management tools).

Key messages
Although CCCs in Poland actively participate in communication processes related to both diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients, their role is limited to the hospital care provision. Numerous, system-level challenges exist in the process of cancer care coordination which should be addressed by policy-makers.
The 8-item Morisky medication adherence scale: validation of a Portuguese version in HIV patients
Authors: Aguiar A , Piñeiro C , Serrão R , Duarte R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has the most effective treatment for people with HIV, but its effectiveness depends on the individual medication adherence. Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) is one of the most widely used scales to assess patient adherence. Thus, we aimed to validate a Portuguese version of MMAS-8 and determine its psychometric properties in HIV positive patients.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João (Porto, northern Portugal) at the infectious diseases department. After authorization to use the scale - granted by the author - and, a standard forward-backwards procedure to translate MMAS-8 to Portuguese, the questionnaire was applied to 233 patients with HIV doing ART. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability. Three levels of adherence were considered: 0 to &lt; 6 (low), 6 to &lt; 8 (medium), 8 (high).

Results
In the studied sample, the mean age was 45.03 years (SD = 11.63), 80.3% men, 19.3% women and 1 transgender, and 53.8% had ≤9 years of education. The mean number of prescribed ART per patient was 1.76. The mean score for the medication adherence scale was 7.29 (SD = 6.74). For the reliability analysis, 12 patients were excluded due to missing data (n = 221). Regarding the level of adherence, 22.5% were low adhering, 71.6% medium and 5.9% high. Corrected item-total correlations showed that 1 item does not correlate very well with the overall scale and was dropped. Scale reliability analysis for the remaining 7 items revealed an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.661. Women had a protective effect on adherence (OR = 0.31;95%CI:0.15-0.66). Number of years doing ART, age of participants, and type of residence didn't show to be correlated with adherence.

Conclusions
MMAS-8 is a reliable and valid measure to detect patients at risk of non-adherence. A satisfactory Cronbach's alfa (0.661) was obtained. In general, adherence to medication was medium or high.

Key messages
This scale can be applied nationwide in other different hospitals, as it could serve as a tool for measuring adherence to ART that can allow for better health care to the ones that are low adhering. A Portuguese version of the MMAS-8 was created for measuring adherence to ART that maintained a similar structure to the original MMAS-8 and good psychometric properties.
Use of general health care by people with substance use disorders in Belgium (2008-2017)
Authors: Van Baelen L , Devleesschauwer B , De Ridder K , Plettinckx E , Gremeaux L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Substance use disorders (SUD) are associated with an increased use of general health care services (e.g. use of emergency departments (ED), visits to GP or use of inpatient services). However, little is known about the extent to which people with SUD are using these services compared to people without SUD.

Methods
Data from the national register of people who were in specialized treatment for SUD between 2011 and 2014 (N = 30,905) was linked to health insurance data. Four comparators were matched on sex, age and region to each subject in treatment for SUD (N = 123,620). For people with alcohol (AUD), opiate (OUD), cocaine (CoUD) and cannabis (CaUD) use disorders and their respective comparators we analyzed the contacts with GP, psychiatrist, ED and days in hospital between 2008 and 2017. Negative binomial regression was used to obtain incidence rate ratios (IRRs) in the four different settings both for all drugs combined and for each drug separately.

Preliminary results
People with SUD were significantly more likely to contact a GP (IRR 1.9 95%CI 1.9-2.0, p &lt; 0.0001), a psychiatrist (IRR 7.4 95%CI 7.0-7.7, p &lt; 0.0001), an ED (IRR 4.2 95%CI 4.2-4.3, p &lt; 0.0001) or to be hospitalized (IRR 6.4 95%CI 6.3-6.5, p &lt; 0.0001), compared to people who were not in specialized treatment for SUD. Differences were stable over time and always highest for people with AUD and lowest for people with CaUD, except for visits to the GP where the differences were highest for people with OUD (IRR 2.6 95%CI 2.5-2.7, p &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
People with SUD have between 2 and 7 times more contacts with general health services than people without SUD. SUD is not a specialty health issue but affects all health service settings.

Key messages
People with SUD have a 2-7 times higher use of general health care services than people without SUD. All health professionals should have the competencies to support people with SUD adequately.
Sexual assault, sense of belonging, depression and suicidality among LGBQ college students
Authors: Backhaus I , Lipson S K. , Fisher L B. , Kawachi I , Pedrelli P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
There has been growing concern about the poor mental health of college student of gay, lesbian, bisexual, or questioning/queer (LGBQ) sexual orientation. Factors believed to negatively influence LGBQ student's health include discrimination and victimization such as sexual assault, whereas factors believed to positively influence mental health include cohesiveness and a sense of belonging. Little is known about how these might interact with each other. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effect of sexual orientation, history of sexual assault and sense of belonging on depression and suicidality among LGBQ and heterosexual students.

Methods
This is a secondary data analysis using a subset of available data from the 2017-2018 Healthy Minds Study dataset. The dataset was encompassed of self-report data from about 60,200 college students across 60 campuses in the United States. Descriptive statistics and three-way interaction analysis using PROCESS macro models in SPSS were performed.

Results
Students identifying as LGBQ reported more frequently to have experienced sexual assault, to suffer from depressive symptoms and to have suicidal thoughts than heterosexual students. Significant three-way interaction effects were found for sexual orientation, sexual assault and sense of belonging predicting depressive symptoms (b= -.06, p= .042, CI: -.12; -.00), and suicidality (b= -.10, p= .004, CI: -.01; -.003). The effect of sexual assault on mental health differed depending on sexual orientation and sense of belonging. Particularly among LGBQ students, high sense of belonging was protective in the presence of sexual assault, and its absence had a deleterious effect on mental health.

Conclusions
There is a need to reduce mental health problems and sexual assault on college campuses and to foster a sense of belonging. Enhancing sense of belonging may represent a strategy to mitigate depression and suicidality, particularly among LGBQ students.

Key messages
Mental health problems such as depression and suicidal ideation among sexual minority students remain highly prevalent in the United States. Increasing sense of belonging may moderate symptoms such as depressiveness and suicidal ideation.
Tapping the perspective of employees with lower levels of education on sustainable employability
Authors: Houkes I , Hazelzet E , Mignon P , de Rijk A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Sustainable employability (SE) is top priority. However, employers find it difficult to develop SE interventions. Measures based on the employee perspective of SE that would give direction to interventions, currently fall short, particularly for the understudied group of employees with lower levels of education (1/3 of the Dutch labor population). Earlier, the Maastricht Instrument for SE (MAISE-NL) was developed and validated in a sample of high-educated employees. This study aims to adjust and validate MAISE-NL for use among Lower Educated employees (MAISE-LE).

Methods
By means of focus groups consisting of employees with lower levels of education, items and response categories of MAISE have been aligned with the perceptions of these employees. Other items from subscales such as job control, self-efficacy and lifestyle were added. Language was checked for clarity and ambiguity. A questionnaire containing these items, as well as proxy variables (health and vitality) and demographics, was answered online by 944 lower educated employees from five organizations (response rates 44-64%). Construct validity, reliability and criterion validity were tested through PCA, CFA, Cronbach's alpha and correlations.

Results
MAISE-LE comprises 10 scales divided over four areas: (1) Level of SE; (2) Factors affecting my SE; (3) Overall responsibility for SE; and (4) Responsibility for factors affecting my SE. Preliminary results indicate that reliability, construct and criterion validity were adequate to good. Employees' SE was moderate to high, and was generally considered a shared responsibility of employee and employer. The latter varies per factor though. Employees wish to participate more in decisions regarding their work.

Conclusions
The MAISE-LE appeared to be reliable and valid. We recommend that employers use the MAISE-LE as a needs assessment in order to develop SE interventions that will be readily accepted and effective for employees with lower levels of education.

Key messages
MAISE-LE (Maastricht Instrument for Sustainable Employability) is a new instrument for measuring SE and the responsibility for SE from the perspective of employees with lower levels of education. The MAISE-LE will facilitate employers in the development of effective SE interventions, which align with the needs of this vulnerable group of employees.
Trajectories of sickness absence and disability pension in colorectal cancer: a Swedish cohort study
Authors: Chen L , Alexanderson K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Working-aged colorectal cancer (CRC) patients have a much better survival nowadays, indicating the importance of their future work situation. We aimed to investigate trajectories of sickness absence and disability pension (SADP) days before and after CRC diagnosis and in references, and risk factors associated with different trajectories.

Methods
A longitudinal, population-based matched cohort study of 4735 CRC survivors in Sweden aged 19-62 when first diagnosed with CRC in 2008-2011, and 18,230 matched references was conducted, using microdata linked from several nationwide registers. The annual SADP net days for 2 years before through 5 years after diagnosis date were computed. A group-based trajectory model was used to depict SADP trajectories. Associations between trajectory membership, and sociodemographic and clinical variables were tested by chi2 test and multinomial logistic regression.

Results
Four trajectories of SADP days/year for CRC survivors were identified: “only increase around diagnosis” (52% of all, n = 2481), “slight increase after diagnosis” (27%), “high then decrease moderately after diagnosis” (13%), and “constantly very high” (8%). Educational level (R2=0.022), Charlson's Comorbidity Index (R2=0.029), and prediagnostic mental disorders (R2=0.066) were the strongest factors determining the SADP trajectory groups. In references, three trajectories (”constantly low” (80% of all), “constantly moderate and decrease gradually” (12%), and “very high then decrease overtime” (8%)) were identified.

Conclusions
Approximately 80% of CRC survivors return to a low level of SADP (0-60 days/year) at 5 years postdiagnosis. Prediagnostic status of mental disorders, somatic comorbidity, and low educational level are good indicators of future high SADP levels for CRC survivors.

Key messages
Most of working-age colorectal cancer survivors have low levels of sickness absence and disability pension days five years after their diagnosis. Trajectory analyses based on population-based register data can be used as a good approach in understanding future work situation regarding sick leave among working-age cancer survivors.
Gaming behaviors among young people with visual impairment
Authors: Wrzesinska M , Tabała K , Stecz P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It has been reported that 60% of young people with visual impairment (VI) enjoy playing digital games (DGS) on the computer. However, little is still known about the new media patterns among young people with special needs. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify gaming behaviors among students with VI.
A self-administered questionnaire assessing variables regarding gaming behaviors adapted for students with special needs was prepared. Finally, 490 Polish respondents with VI from 9 special schools aged 13-24 (17.9 ± 2.48) were included. Purposive sampling was chosen during selection of the members of the population.
Almost 84% of students with VI had experience in playing DGs. Poor-sighted students were significantly more likely to be players than those who were blind (89% vs 11%; χ2 =22.471; P&lt; .001). More male (57.1%) than female students (42.9%) reported playing DGs (χ2=17.913; P &lt;.001). Students with siblings were more likely to play DGs than those without and they were more likely to play computer games if they lived with a parent whose education was at primary/secondary level (χ 2=7.340; P= .025) The most commonly chosen game genre was strategic (57.1%), whereas war games (37.7%) were less popular. Over 12% of the students took part in gaming sessions lasting 5 or more hours per day and the male students were 5.5 times more likely to report an excessive gaming than the female students (P=.000).
The survey indicated a tendency towards excessive gaming in a significant proportion of young persons with VI. Sociodemographic variables are important in predicting gaming behaviors in this group and they should be taken into consideration in the future preventive actions to reduce the risk of behavioral addiction.

Key messages
Young people with VI are the regular users of games and they also tend to have a high tendency to an excessive gaming. Sociodemographic variables are important factor to be taken in account when predicting gaming behaviors among people with VI.