bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual loss and rapidly progressive neurocognitive dysfunction in dural arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Chee Yong Chuan , Abdul Halim Sanihah , Ong Beng Hooi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is a rare type of cerebral arteriovenous malformation. The occurrence of visual loss with rapidly progressive cognitive dysfunction caused by dAVF has rarely been reported. Ocular signs are also unusual in the presentation of cranial dAVF at locations other than the cavernous sinus. We report a case of a young lady who presented with rapidly progressive visual loss and cognitive decline due to venous hypertensive encephalopathy, later found to have cranial dAVF. It was diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Recognizing rapidly progressive cognitive dysfunction in dAVF is of paramount importance as it is among one of the treatable causes of rapidly progressive dementia.
Macrophage targeting in cancer
Authors: Lopez‐Yrigoyen Martha , Cassetta Luca , Pollard Jeffrey W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTumorigenesis is not only determined by the intrinsic properties of cancer cells but also by their interactions with components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most abundant immune cells in the TME. During initial stages of tumor development, macrophages can either directly promote antitumor responses by killing tumor cells or indirectly recruit and activate other immune cells. As genetic changes occur within the tumor or T helper 2 (TH2) cells begin to dominate the TME, TAMs begin to exhibit an immunosuppressive protumor phenotype that promotes tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Thus, targeting TAMs has emerged as a strategy for cancer therapy. To date, TAM targeting strategies have focused on macrophage depletion and inhibition of their recruitment into the TME. However, these strategies have shown limited therapeutic efficacy, although trials are still underway with combination therapies. The fact that macrophages have the potential for antitumor activity has moved the TAM targeting field toward the development of TAM‐reprogramming strategies to support this antitumor immune response. Here, we discuss the various roles of TAMs in cancer therapy and their immunosuppressive properties, as well as implications for emerging checkpoint inhibitor–based immunotherapies. We review state‐of‐the‐art TAM‐targeting strategies, focusing on current ones at the preclinical and clinical trial stages that aim to reprogram TAMs as an oncological therapy.
Effi Briest and the work on genre
Authors: Renard Fredrik Wilhelm 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEver since Erich Auerbach’s harsh verdict in Mimesis, the German realist novel has been seen as a peripheral phenomenon in the history of nineteenth‐century literature. Criticized for being too idealizing, insular, or simply irrelevant, it has gone down in literary history as a less modern form of realism, not being able to join the realist traditions of French, British, and Russian literature as a harbinger of modernity. In my paper, I want to challenge this view by rereading Theodor Fontane’s Effi Briest. I want to show how Fontane’s novel can be read as not just one more and rather belated example of the novel of adultery, but as an intricate reworking of the realist subgenre. Proceeding from Frederic Jameson’s theory of realism, the paper argues that Effi Briest takes up generic elements of its precursors in order to set itself off against them. It stages an internal reconstruction of the genre that through negation opens up a space for writing not yet beset by the tradition. By doing this, Fontane not only finds a new way of attaining the proverbial l’effet du réel, but also places the novel of adultery at the cusp of what is to become Modernism.
Dependency of respiratory system mechanics on positive end‐expiratory pressure and recruitment maneuvers in lung healthy pediatric patients—A randomized crossover study
Authors: Schumann Stefan , Feth Arne , Borgmann Silke , Wirth Steffen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe lungs of pediatric patients are subjected to tidal derecruitment during mechanical ventilation and in contrast to adult patients this unfavorable condition cannot be resolved with small c increases. This raises the question if higher end‐expiratory pressure increases or recruitment maneuvers may resolve tidal derecruitment in pediatric patients.AimsWe hypothesized that higher PEEP resolves tidal derecruitment in pediatric patients and that recruitment maneuvers between the pressure changes support the improvement of respiratory system mechanics.MethodsThe effects of end‐expiratory pressure changes from 3 to 7 cmH2O and vice versa without and with intermediate recruitment maneuvers on respiratory system mechanics and regional ventilation were investigated in 57 mechanically ventilated pediatric patients. The intratidal respiratory system compliance was determined from volume and pressure data before and after PEEP changes and categorized to indicate tidal derecruitment.ResultsTidal derecruitment occurred comparably frequently at PEEP 3 cmH2O without (13 out of 14 cases) and with recruitment maneuver (14 out of 14 cases) and at PEEP 7 cmH2O without (13 out of 14 cases) and with recruitment maneuver (13 out of 15 cases).ConclusionsWe conclude that contrary to our hypothesis, PEEP up to 7 cmH2O is not sufficient to resolve tidal derecruitment and that recruitment maneuvers may be dispensable in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients.
Use of dermal fat grafts for treating anetoderma with lipoatrophy following involution of hemangiomas
Authors: Nomura Tadashi , Nakasone Mika , Okamoto Takako , Ejiri Hirotaka , Osawa Sayuri , Hashikawa Kazunobu , Terashi Hiroto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInfantile hemangioma (IH) is a benign vascular tumor that gradually involutes over several years. Rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma (RICH) is the relatively rare congenital vascular tumor that is fully grown at birth and does not undergo postnatal growth and involutes during the first year. However, after involution of both IH and RICH, some have severe sequelae, such as redundant skin or conspicuous scarring, requiring additional treatment. We present the case of a 6‐year‐old girl with a concave deformity due to subcutaneous atrophy, skin darkening, and altered skin texture of her left zygomatic region following involution of a hemangioma. We successfully treated this patient by transferring a dermal fat graft. This technique can be beneficial for atrophic sequelae after regression of a hemangioma and is easy to perform and cosmetically effective.
The Ca2+‐regulated protein kinase CIPK1 integrates plant responses to phosphate deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Lu X. , Li X. , Xie D. , Jiang C. , Wang C. , Li L. , Zhang Y. , Tian H. , Gao H. , Wang C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Phosphate (Pi) deficiency severely restricts plant growth and development, as Pi is an essential macronutrient. Calcium (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous second messenger in plants; calcineurin B‐like proteins (CBL) and CBL‐interacting protein kinases (CIPK) are signalling pathways that act as an important Ca2+ signalling network which integrates plants to fine tune the response to stress; however, whether CIPK are involved in Pi deficiency stress remains largely unknown.

In this study, we carried out a reverse genetic strategy to screen T‐DNA insertion mutants of CIPK isoforms under Pi deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana. Then Pi content, transcription of phosphate starvation‐induced (PSI) genes, acid phosphatase activity and hydrogen peroxide were determined in the wild‐type (WT) and cipk1 mutant, respectively. The phenotype of CIPK1 complementation lines was analysed.

The cipk1 mutant had a more sensitive phenotype, with lower root elongation and root length, and decreased Pi content compared with the WT under Pi deficiency. Moreover, CIPK1 mutation caused phosphate starvation‐induced (PSI) genes to be significantly induced under Pi deficiency. Histological staining demonstrated that the cipk1 mutant had increased acid phosphatase activity and hydrogen peroxide concentration under Pi deficiency. By using the yeast two‐hybrid system, we further demonstrated the interaction between CIPK1 and the WRKY transcription factors, WRKY6 and WRKY42.

Overall, we demonstrate that CIPK1 is involved in the Pi deficiency signalling pathway in A. thaliana, revealing the important role of Ca2+ in the Pi nutrition signalling pathway, and potentially providing a theoretical foundation for molecular breeding of crops with better Pi utilization efficiency.
Fighting COVID‐19 through Government Initiatives and Collaborative Governance: The Taiwan Experience
Authors: Huang Irving Yi‐Feng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTaiwan is situated less than 200 kilometers from the first COVID‐19 outbreak state, China, and it has millions of international visitors yearly. Taiwan's collective efforts to block and eliminate the invisible enemy (COVID‐19) from the island have resulted in relatively low infection and death numbers and have been hailed as a successful anomaly amid the global pandemic. This review provides some background on the systems and organizations that helped Taiwan streamline a task force (command center) in a timely manner to launch related initiatives, mobilize the public, and engage private resources to implement strategies and policies that were further enhanced by collaborative behaviors and volunteers. Even subject to threatening conditions such as cruise ship stopover and numerous foreign immigrant workers, there were no outbreaks of community infection in Taiwan similar to those in Singapore, Japan, and other countries. Taiwan's successful measures offer a good example for future comparative studies.
Balancing Governance Capacity and Legitimacy: How the Norwegian Government Handled the COVID‐19 Crisis as a High Performer
Authors: Christensen Tom , Lægreid Per 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis essay addresses how the Norwegian government has handled the coronavirus pandemic. Compared with many other countries, Norway has performed well in handling the crisis. This must be understood in the context of competent politicians, a high‐trust society with a reliable and professional bureaucracy, a strong state, a good economic situation, a big welfare state, and low population density. The Norwegian government managed to control the pandemic rather quickly by adopting a suppression strategy, followed by a control strategy, based on a collaborative and pragmatic decision‐making style, successful communication with the public, a lot of resources, and a high level of citizen trust in government. The alleged success of the Norwegian case is about the relationship between crisis management capacity and legitimacy. Crisis management is most successful when it is able to combine democratic legitimacy with government capacity.
Being a Public Manager in Times of Crisis: The Art of Managing Stakeholders, Political Masters, and Collaborative Networks
Authors: Van der Wal Zeger 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is seen as the biggest crisis since World War II. What started out as a public health issue has quickly morphed into a political, economic, and societal crisis of epic proportions. Administrative capacity is a major factor in determining whether societies will emerge from this unprecedented situation with resilience and optimism or despair and disconnectedness, and whether trust in government will increase or decrease. Autonomous and competent public managers are key producers of such administrative capacity. This essay addresses those public managers, the unsung administrative heroes leading us through times of crisis from behind the scenes. Translating the state of the art in public administration literature, with a particular emphasis on publications in this journal, into accessible practitioner recommendations, it identifies three key competencies paramount to public managers in times of crisis: managing stakeholders, political masters, and collaborative networks.
Foundational Challenges for Advancing the Field and Discipline of Risk Analysis
Authors: Aven Terje , Flage Roger 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRisk analysis as a field and discipline is about concepts, principles, approaches, methods, and models for understanding, assessing, communicating, managing, and governing risk. The foundation of this field and discipline has been subject to continuous discussion since its origin some 40 years ago with the establishment of the Society for Risk Analysis and the Risk Analysis journal. This article provides a perspective on critical foundational challenges that this field and discipline faces today, for risk analysis to develop and have societal impact. Topics discussed include fundamental questions important for defining the risk field, discipline, and science; the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary features of risk analysis; the interactions and dependencies with other sciences; terminology and fundamental principles; and current developments and trends, such as the use of artificial intelligence.
Model-based Clustering and Analysis of Life History Data
Authors: Scott Marc A. , Mohan Kaushik , Gauthier Jacques-Antoine 
Published: May 2020

SummaryMethods and models for longitudinal data with categorical, multi-dimensional outcomes are quite limited, but they are essential to the study of life histories. For example, in the Swiss Household Panel, information on the co-residence and professional status of several thousand individuals is available through to age 45 years. Interest centres on the time and order of life course events such as having children and working full or part time and the duration of the phases that they delineate. With data of this type, optimal matching and clustering algorithms relying on a distance metric or parametric models of duration in a competing risks framework are used; the appropriateness of each derives from competing goals and orientation. We prefer model-based approaches when certain goals are paramount: simulation of individual trajectories; adjusting for time-dependent covariates; handling multistate trajectories and missing outcomes. Several of these goals are particularly challenging when the number of states is of moderate size, and many transitions are infrequent and/or time inhomogeneous. Using the Swiss Household Panel, we demonstrate the appropriateness of latent class growth curve models for analysing sequence data. In particular, models including heterogeneous dependence structure provide new techniques for assessing goodness of fit as well as yield insights into social processes.
Causal Mechanism of Extreme River Discharges in the Upper Danube Basin Network
Authors: Mhalla Linda , Chavez-Demoulin Valérie , Dupuis Debbie J. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryExtreme hydrological events in the Danube river basin may severely impact human populations, aquatic organisms and economic activity. One often characterizes the joint structure of extreme events by using the theory of multivariate and spatial extremes and its asymptotically justified models. There is interest, however, in cascading extreme events and whether one event causes another. We argue that an improved understanding of the mechanism underlying severe events is achieved by combining extreme value modelling and causal discovery. We construct a causal inference method relying on the notion of the Kolmogorov complexity of extreme conditional quantiles. Tail quantities are derived by using multivariate extreme value models, and causal-induced asymmetries in the data are explored through the minimum description length principle. Our method CausEV for causality for extreme values uncovers causal relationships between summer extreme river discharges in the upper Danube basin and finds significant causal links between the Danube and its Alpine tributary Lech.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection‐induced immune responses: Friends or foes?
Authors: Li Keying , Hao Zhenhua , Zhao Xiaohui , Du Jiying , Zhou Yanlin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is an emerging coronavirus that belongs to the β‐genus, causing the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19). SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can stimulate a pronounced immune response in the host, which embodies in the decrease of lymphocytes and aberrant increase of cytokines in COVID‐19 patients. SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA and proteins interact with various pattern recognition receptors that switch on antiviral immune responses to regulate viral replication and spreading within the host in vivo. However, overactive and impaired immune responses also cause immune damage and subsequent tissue inflammation. This article focuses on the dual roles of immune system during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, providing a theoretical basic for identifying therapeutic targets in a situation with an unfavourable immune reaction.
Diarrhoeal children with concurrent severe wasting and stunting compared to severe wasting or severe stunting
Authors: Nuzhat Sharika , Shahunja K. M. , Shahid Abu S. M. S. B. , Khan Soroar Hossain , Islam Shoeb Bin , Islam Md. Ridwan , Ahmed Tahmeed , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Hossain Md Iqbal , Faruque A. S. G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveChildren with both severe wasting and severe stunting (SWSS) represent an extreme form of malnutrition and are prone to develop severe infection. The study aims to demonstrate clinical features and aetiology of diarrhoea among children with SWSS compared to those with either severe wasting (SW) or severe stunting (SS), which may help in early identification of high‐risk children.MethodsData were extracted from the database of the diarrhoeal disease surveillance system (DDSS) of Dhaka Hospital, icddr,b from 2008 to 2017. Among 14 403 under‐five diarrhoeal children, 149 had concurrent SWSS (WLZ/WHZ ˂‐3 with LAZ/HAZ ˂‐3), 795 had SW (WLZ/WHZ ˂‐3 but LAZ/HAZ ≥‐3) alone, and 1000 had only SS (LAZ/HAZ ˂‐3 but WLZ/WHZ ≥‐3).ResultsIn logistic regression analysis after adjusting for potential confounders, dehydrating diarrhoea and slum dwelling were independently associated with SWSS vs. SW (P < 0.05). When compared with SS, dehydration and maternal illiteracy were independently associated with SWSS (P < 0.05). In comparison with SW or SS, SWSS less often included infection with rotavirus (P < 0.05). Dehydration was independently associated with SW vs. SS after adjusting for potential confounders (P < 0.05).ConclusionChildren with SWSS more often presented with dehydrating diarrhoea (69%) than children who had either SW (55%) or SS (43%). However, SWSS patients less frequently presented with rotavirus‐associated diarrhoeal illnesses. This result underscores the importance of early detection and prompt management of dehydrating diarrhoea in children with concomitant severe wasting and severe stunting to reduce morbidity and mortality in these children, especially in poor settings.
Systematic analysis of 1298 RNA‐Seq samples and construction of a comprehensive soybean (Glycine max) expression atlas
Authors: Machado Fabricio B. , Moharana Kanhu C. , Almeida‐Silva Fabricio , Gazara Rajesh K. , Pedrosa‐Silva Francisnei , Coelho Fernanda S. , Grativol Clícia , Venancio Thiago M. 
Published: May 2020

SUMMARYSoybean (Glycine max[L.] Merr.) is a major crop in animal feed and human nutrition, mainly for its rich protein and oil contents. The remarkable rise in soybean transcriptome studies over the past 5 years generated an enormous amount of RNA‐seq data, encompassing various tissues, developmental conditions and genotypes. In this study, we have collected data from 1298 publicly available soybean transcriptome samples, processed the raw sequencing reads and mapped them to the soybean reference genome in a systematic fashion. We found that 94% of the annotated genes (52 737/56 044) had detectable expression in at least one sample. Unsupervised clustering revealed three major groups, comprising samples from aerial, underground and seed/seed‐related parts. We found 452 genes with uniform and constant expression levels, supporting their roles as housekeeping genes. On the other hand, 1349 genes showed heavily biased expression patterns towards particular tissues. A transcript‐level analysis revealed that 95% (70 963 of 74 490) of the assembled transcripts have intron chains exactly matching those from known transcripts, whereas 3256 assembled transcripts represent potentially novel splicing isoforms. The dataset compiled here constitute a new resource for the community, which can be downloaded or accessed through a user‐friendly web interface athttp://venanciogroup.uenf.br/resources/. This comprehensive transcriptome atlas will likely accelerate research on soybean genetics and genomics.
Metabolomics analysis reveals differences in evolution between maize and rice
Authors: Deng Min , Zhang Xuehai , Luo Jingyun , Liu Haijun , Wen Weiwei , Luo Hongbing , Yan Jianbing , Xiao Yingjie 
Published: May 2020

SUMMARYMetabolites are the intermediate and final products of metabolism, which play essential roles in plant growth, evolution and adaptation to changing climates. However, it is unclear how evolution contributes to metabolic variation in plants. Here, we investigated the metabolomics data from leaf and seed tissues in maize and rice. Using principal components analysis based on leaf metabolites but not seed metabolites, metabolomics data could be clearly separated for rice Indica and Japonica accessions, while two maize subgroups, temperate and tropical, showed more visible admixture. Rice and maize seed exhibited significant interspecific differences in metabolic variation, while within rice, leaf and seed displayed similar metabolic variations. Among 10 metabolic categories, flavonoids had higher variation in maize than rice, indicating flavonoids are a key constituent of interspecific metabolic divergence. Interestingly, metabolic regulation was also found to be reshaped dramatically from positive to negative correlations, indicative of the differential evolutionary processes in maize and rice. Moreover, perhaps due to this divergence significantly more metabolic interactions were identified in rice than maize. Furthermore, in rice, the leaf was found to harbor much more intense metabolic interactions than the seed. Our result suggests that metabolomes are valuable for tracking evolutionary history, thereby complementing and extending genomic insights concerning which features are responsible for interspecific differentiation in maize and rice.