bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple Sex-Specific Differences in the Regulation of Meiotic Progression inC. elegans
Authors: Fielder Sara M. , Kempfer Rieke , Kelly William G. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTMeiosis is a highly conserved sexual process, yet significant differences exist between males and females in meiotic regulation in many species. Meiotic progression in C. elegans males proceeds more rapidly than female meiosis, suggesting that female meiotic regulation may be more stringent than in males. We have identified multiple differences in the regulation of synapsis, including a difference that suggests the presence of a female-specific meiotic checkpoint that senses the proper initiation of synapsis. This checkpoint is detected by sex differences in the targeting of histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) to unsynapsed chromatin. During oogenic meiosis in hermaphrodites, the failure to initiate synapsis leads to failure to target H3K9me2 enrichment on unsynapsed chromosomes. Loss of the pachytene checkpoint does not reintroduce H3K9me2 enrichment in hermaphrodites, indicating these checkpoints are separable. In contrast, widespread H3K9me2 enrichment occurs as a result of loss of synapsis initiation in both male meiosis and during spermatogenic meiosis in larval XX hermaphrodites. Additionally, male synapsis is insensitive to loss of the dynein motor light chain DLC-1 and to elevated temperatures, whereas female synapsis is prevented by both conditions. We also show that loss of spindle assembly checkpoint proteins, which provide a kinetic barrier to meiotic progression and are required for DLC-1-dependent synapsis phenotypes in hermaphrodites, does not speed up the rate of synapsis in spermatogenic meiosis. These results indicate that meiosis proceeds more rapidly in males because males lack barriers to meiotic progression that are activated by defective synapsis initiation in females.
Impact of ASX corporate governance guidelines on sustainability reporting
Authors: Czernkowski Robert , Kean Stephen , Lim Stephen 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the impact of the Australian Securities Exchange Corporate Governance recommendations on the breadth (amount of items covered) of (environmental and social) sustainability reporting by the firms in the Top 100, around the change from G3.1 to G4 disclosure regimes.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper undertakes comparisons of means and regression models to investigate the changes between disclosure scores of 98 listed entities from the 2013 G3.1 to the 2015 G4 disclosure regimes.

Findings
This paper finds that average disclosure levels did not change. Nonetheless, disclosure practices did vary by entity size and performance. Analysis of 2015 disclosures contingent on 2013 disclosure practice indicates that disclosure changes are consistent with a pattern of mean reversion.

Practical implications
Evidence that low disclosers increased disclosure and high disclosers reduced disclosers is consistent with the idea that sustainability disclosure is not so much driven by any ethical considerations, but rather by a desire to not be a disclosure outlier. Reliance on voluntary disclosure to achieve a socially desired level of disclosure is unlikely to bear fruit.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature on sustainability by examining firm responses to change in disclosure regimes, and concluding that size and peer relativities drive the disclosure process.
The role of archives in documenting African National Congress Women’s League records that impacted the development of their records
Authors: Netshakhuma Nkholedzeni Sidney 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to assess the role of archives in documenting African National Congress Women’s League (ANCWL) records on the liberation struggle of South Africa from 1960 to 1990 with a view to recommending the best method of collection and preservation of archival materials.Design/methodology/approachQualitative data were collected through interviews with purposively selected employees of the African National Congress (ANC), the Nelson Mandela Foundation centre of memory, the national heritage and cultural studies at the University of Fort Hare, the National Archives of South Africa and provincial archives of South Africa. Interview data were augmented through content analysis of ANC documents such as policies, websites and annual reports.FindingsThe study found a gap of documentation of the role of archives in documenting ANCWL’s contribution to the liberation of South Africa. The National Archives of South Africa did not play a meaningful role to document the history of African National Women’s League in the liberation struggle of South Africa. There was also a lack of coordination of community archives that keep ANCWL archives materials. There is a need to embark on oral history and bilateral relations with overseas archival institutions to repatriate ANCWL archives to South Africa. Furthermore, contemporary history records about the ANCWL records need to be listed, arranged and described and made available to the public.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is limited to the role played by the National Archives of South Africa and community archives such as the ANC archives, the Mayibuye Centre archives based at the University of Western Cape in documenting ANC and ANCWL and contemporary issues that impact the development of ANCWL records created from 1960 to 1990.Practical implicationsThe findings are expected to be instrumental to document the history of women’s struggle for democracy in South Africa. The ANCWL collection may contribute to social cohesion to enable society to understand the role of ANCWL during the struggle for democracy in South Africa. While the literature on women’s archives is limited, there is still much research that needs to be conducted. Increasing the body of research will strengthen understanding of the role of the National Archives of South Africa and community archives on documenting women’s liberation struggle in South Africa.Social implicationsThe document of women’s history would enrich the archival collection. This means that records with historical, cultural and social significance will be permanently preserved by archives.Originality/valueThe research appears to be the first of its kind to assess the documentation on the role of archives on documenting ANCWL. The archival heritage of women’s struggle for democracy forms part of the national archival heritage of South Africa as they bridge the gap of undocumented history of South Africa.
Future time perspective and group performance among students
Authors: Gupta Manish , Bakker Arnold B. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe objective of this study is to understand the mediating role of student engagement between future time perspective and group task performance. In addition, the study examines the interaction effect of group cohesion task with student engagement on group performance.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 170 (a total of 34 groups of five members each) business management students for three consecutive months. To analyze the data, multi-level modeling was carried out.FindingsThe results of the three-wave multi-level analysis indicate support for the hypotheses and suggest that future time perspective affects group performance through student engagement. Moreover, group cohesion interacts with student engagement to predict group task performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings show how the application of engagement theory can help in understanding the relationship between two distant variables, namely, future time perspective and group performance.Practical implicationsThe educators are encouraged to engage students for facilitating the positive impact of future time perspective on group task performance. The findings also imply that the students with future orientation perform well and thus, the educators may need to teach students to have futuristic perspective.Originality/valueThis study in one of its kinds to test the mediating role of student engagement between future time perspective and group task performance as well as the interaction effect of group cohesion task with student engagement on group performance at both the individual and group level over a period of time.
Changes in multiple environmental factors additively enhance the dominance of an exotic plant with a novel trade‐off pattern
Authors: Qiu Shiyun , Liu Shuangshuang , Wei Shujuan , Cui Xinhong , Nie Ming , Huang Jingxin , He Qiang , Ju Rui‐Ting , Li Bo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Whether global changes impact native and exotic species differently is unclear, because the changes may favour both native and exotic species over competitors. Previous studies have mainly focused on the separate effects of different environmental changes, but plant communities are influenced by the changes in multiple environmental factors, and it is still unclear whether native and exotic species respond similar to the combined effects of these factors.

We hypothesized that differences in interspecific trade‐offs between native and exotic species can lead to the dominance of exotic species when the species are simultaneously subjected to multiple environmental changes.

Using coastal saltmarsh plant communities as the study system, we experimentally manipulated flooding and nutrient enrichment, examined the interspecific trade‐offs between competitiveness and stress tolerance for two native and one exotic species, and explored the combined effect of the two environmental changes on both native–native and native–exotic species interactions.

We found that flooding and nutrient enrichment oppositely affected native–native species interactions but additively affected native–exotic species interactions. The two factors together resulted in no net change in the relative advantages between the two native species but enhanced the dominance of the exotic species over the native species. This disparity occurred because the exotic species was not subject to the interspecific trade‐off between competitiveness and stress tolerance that constrained the native species.

Synthesis. Our results suggest that changes in multiple environmental factors favour exotic species because of evolutionary novel trade‐off patterns. Mechanisms underlying species coexistence in the invaded community such as interspecific trade‐offs need to be considered when future attempts are made to predict the effects of global changes on biological invasions.
Do soil‐borne fungal pathogens mediate plant diversity–productivity relationships? Evidence and future opportunities
Authors: van Ruijven Jasper , Ampt Eline , Francioli Davide , Mommer Liesje 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

From the establishment of the first biodiversity experiments in the 1990s, studies have consistently reported positive relationships between plant diversity and productivity in grasslands. However, the predominant hypotheses that may explain this pattern have changed. Initially, there was a strong focus on plant–plant interactions such as facilitation and resource partitioning, but the results from the first experiments that manipulated soil communities have led to a paradigm shift.

In the current view on mechanisms that drive plant diversity–productivity relationships, fungal pathogen‐induced reductions of plant productivity at low diversity play an important role. This role rests on two assumptions: the effects of pathogens (a) are plant‐species specific (i.e. not all plant species are affected equally by a fungal pathogen) and (b) display negative density dependence (i.e. decrease with decreasing host plant density and hence, with increasing plant species richness).

Here, we review the empirical evidence for these two assumptions. In the biodiversity literature, this is mainly based on indirect approaches, such as soil sterilization, plant–soil feedback studies and plant biomass patterns. The identification and functional characterization of the fungal pathogens that actually drive the plant diversity–productivity relationship have only recently started.

Synthesis. Nevertheless, these studies, together with studies on plant–pathogen interactions in agricultural crops and forests, clearly suggest host‐specific, negative density‐dependent effects of fungal pathogens are common. Moreover, recent studies suggest that the reduced impact of pathogens at high plant diversity depends not just on host density but also on effects of neighbouring (non‐host) plant species on the pathogen. Understanding how neighbouring plants affect the interactions between a pathogen and its host plants and disentangling the role of plant–pathogen interactions from other mechanisms potentially driving diversity–productivity relationships are important future challenges.
Levelling Up?
Authors: Tomaney John , Pike Andy 
Published: March 2020

Abstract‘Levelling up’ is the new UK government mantra to describe its ambitions for addressing longstanding local and regional inequalities and, especially, for tackling the problems of ‘left‐behind’ places. This article examines the thinking behind this slogan and the associated policy agenda. We identify a danger of misdiagnosis leading to policies that do little to ameliorate conditions in the places that most need help. The government’s agenda appears, so far, to be driven by electoral calculation rather than a real engagement with tackling deep inequalities.
The effect of Medicaid expansion on use of opioid agonist treatment and the role of provider capacity constraints
Authors: Gertner Alex K. , Robertson Allison G. , Jones Hendree , Powell Byron J. , Silberman Pam , Domino Marisa E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of Medicaid expansion on the use of opioid agonist treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) and to examine heterogeneous effects by provider supply and Medicaid acceptance rates.Data SourcesYearly state‐level data on methadone dispensed from opioid treatment programs (OTPs), buprenorphine dispensed from OTPs and pharmacies, number of OTPs and buprenorphine‐waivered providers, and percent of OTPs and physicians accepting Medicaid.Study DesignThis study used difference‐in‐differences models to examine the effect of Medicaid expansion on the amount of methadone and buprenorphine dispensed in states between 2006 and 2017. Interaction terms were used to estimate heterogeneous effects. Sensitivity analyses included testing the association of outcomes with Medicaid enrollment and state insurance rates.Principal FindingsThe estimated effects of Medicaid expansion on buprenorphine and methadone dispensed were positive but imprecise, meaning we could not rule out negative or null effects of expansion. The estimated associations between state insurance rates and dispensed methadone and buprenorphine were centered near zero, suggesting that improvements in health coverage may not have increased OUD treatment use. The effect of Medicaid expansion was larger in the states with the most waivered providers compared to states with the fewest waivered providers. In the states with the most waivered providers, the average estimated effect of expansion on buprenorphine dispensed was 12 kg/y, enough to treat about 7500 individuals. We did not find evidence that the effect of expansion was consistently modified by OTP concentration, OTP Medicaid acceptance, or physician Medicaid acceptance.ConclusionsGains in health coverage may not be sufficient to increase OUD treatment, even in the context of high treatment need. Provider capacity likely limited Medicaid expansion's effect on buprenorphine dispensed. Policies to increase buprenorphine providers, such as ending the waiver requirement, may be needed to ensure coverage gains translate to treatment access.
Does Private Country‐by‐Country Reporting Deter Tax Avoidance and Income Shifting? Evidence from BEPS Action Item 13
Authors: JOSHI PREETIKA 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTTo combat tax avoidance by multinational corporations, the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development introduced country‐by‐country reporting (CbCr), requiring firms to provide tax authorities with a geographic breakdown of their profitability and activities. Treating the introduction of CbCr in the European Union as a shock to private disclosure requirements, this study examines the effect on corporate tax outcomes. Exploiting the €750 million revenue threshold for disclosure and employing regression‐discontinuity and difference‐in‐differences designs, I document a 1–2 percentage point increase in consolidated GAAP effective tax rates among affected firms. I also find evidence consistent with a decline in tax‐motivated income shifting, starting in 2018. These results suggest that, although private geographic disclosures can deter corporate tax avoidance, so far, the regulations have had a limited effect on tax‐motivated income shifting. My findings have policy implications for the global implementation of private CbCr and extend the debate on public versus private disclosure of tax information.
Association of anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and rheumatoid factor isotypes with HLA‐DRB1 shared epitope alleles in Egyptian rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Raslan Hala M. , Attia Hanaa R. , Hamed Ibrahim Mona , Mahmoud Hassan Eman , Salama Iman I. , Ismail Sherif , Abdelmotaleb Eman , El Menyawi Manal M. , Amr Khalda S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe most common genetic risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is human leucocyte antigen DRB1 (HLA‐DRB1) shared epitope (SE).AimTo investigate the relationship between anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP), rheumatoid factor (RF), immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgM and IgA and HLA‐DRB1 SE among Egyptian patients with RA.MethodsSerum levels of anti‐CCP antibodies and RFIgG, RFIgM, RFIgA were assayed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for 157 Egyptian RA patients and 150 healthy controls attending the outpatient clinics of National Research Center and Kasr El Aini Hospital. HLA‐DRB1 genotyping was performed by the DynalAllSetTM polymerase chain reaction (PCR) single specific primer low‐resolution typing kits. Amplified PCR product was checked using 3% agarose gel.ResultsHLA‐DRB1‐SE was found among 129 (82.2%) RA patients and 67 (44.7%) controls (odds ratio [OR] 5.7, CI 3.4‐9.6, P < .0001). The risk of RA development was higher with the presence of SE two alleles (OR 11.6, P < .0001), while the OR for 1 copy SE allele was 4.4 (P < .0001). HLA‐DRB1‐SE was significantly associated with positive as well as negative anti‐CCP and RF isotypes. The stronger association was with anti‐CCP positivity with OR 11 (5.1‐23.6), P < .0001. Furthermore, the risk of development of positive anti‐CCP and RF isotypes was higher with the presence of 2 copies of SE alleles than with 1 copy.ConclusionThe prevalence of HLA‐DRB1‐SE is high in Egyptian RA patients. The role of SE in RA patients is most probably related to the development of anti‐CCP positive RA rather than the development of anti‐CCP positivity.
Ruminal transcript abundance of the centromere‐associated protein E gene may influence residual feed intake in beef steers
Authors: Rathert A. R. , Meyer A. M. , Foote A. P. , Kern R. J. , Cunningham‐Hollinger H. C. , Kuehn L. A. , Lindholm‐Perry A. K. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryA better understanding regarding the mechanisms by which the rumen processes feed may assist us in identifying animals with superior feed efficiency. Studies to evaluate the gene expression of rumen tissue have previously been performed to analyze their relationship with feed efficiency. Continuing this research is critical to determine whether the expression of the genes identified is associated with feed efficiency in additional populations of beef cattle to ensure that they are robust across breed and environment. A previous rumen‐transcriptome study on Hereford × Angus steers identified 122 differentially expressed genes (PFDR < 0.05) associated with residual feed intake (RFI), a measure of feed efficiency. The purpose of our study was to test the most divergent, up‐ and down‐regulated genes in the rumen tissue of an unrelated population of Hereford × Angus steers that included two contemporary groups. A total of 13 genes were evaluated by quantitative real‐time PCR. The centromere‐associated protein E (CENPE) gene was expressed in lower concentrations in the rumen epithelium of steers in the more efficient (low RFI) group in both contemporary groups of animals, which was the same as the previous study. In addition, CENPE, a gene involved in chromosome alignment during mitosis, has also been associated with growth traits in cattle and pigs. There was no relationship between the expression of the other 12 genes tested with RFI in the population of steers in this study, which illustrates the importance of validating gene expression data in additional populations.
Onycholemmal variant of keratoacanthoma centrifugum marginatum as an expression of mutated committed stem cells in a conceptual pathway
Authors: Kossard Steven , Amiri Alvand 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe describe a 43‐year‐old woman with a 10‐year history of grossly hyperkeratotic nodules which progressively extended over the right ring finger. These involuted leaving pale, atrophic skin in their wake. At presentation, the advancing border had an arciform series of nodules in the pattern of keratoacanthoma centrifugum marginatum. The presence of filiform keratinisation that encased the nail plate, gross onychogryphotic masses of keratin on the ventral finger surface and a flat nail‐like plate of keratin on the dorsal finger surface were distinctive features. Skin biopsy showed epidermal acanthosis, gross papillomatous cutaneous horn formation that had onycholemmal features. The pathology differed from keratoacanthoma and was not crateriform or infundibulocystic. Although HPV was not detected on immunohistochemistry, pathogenesis may still represent an HPV‐related transfection of onycholemmal keratin committed stem cells producing an onycholemmal variant of keratoacanthoma centrifugum marginatum. A conceptual model linked to advances in follicular stem cell biology is formulated to explore this case.
Uterine rupture over 11 years: A retrospective descriptive study
Authors: Chang Yu‐Hsing 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundUterine rupture is a rare obstetric emergency, and the rate of rupture has increased over time with the rising rate of caesarean section (CS) and trial of labour after CS (TOLAC).AimTo determine the prevalence, and maternal and neonatal complications associated with complete uterine rupture at a New Zealand (NZ) tertiary referral hospital over an 11‐year period.Material and MethodsThis is a retrospective, observational study. Waikato Hospital records of patients with uterine rupture occurring between 2008 and 2018 were reviewed for risk factors, delivery outcomes, and maternal and neonatal complications.ResultsThere were 32 patients with complete uterine rupture in 38 182 births, conferring a prevalence of 8.4 per 10 000 births (95% CI 5.9–11.8). Of the 29 cases occurring during labour, 83% of patients were multiparous, 59% previously had one or two CS; patients with an unscarred uterus had lower rates of emergency CS and high rates of postpartum haemorrhage than patients with a scarred uterus. There were no maternal deaths although three patients required peripartum hysterectomy, 63% required blood transfusion and there were five (16%) perinatal deaths.ConclusionThe prevalence of uterine rupture in this NZ tertiary hospital is comparable to other developed countries. There was no maternal mortality but there was a 16% perinatal death rate. Patients with spontaneous labour and an unscarred uterus were not exempt from this rare complication. There is a need to manage labour judiciously in all patient groups and to maintain a high level of suspicion for uterine rupture.