bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional differences in the abiotic environment contribute to genomic divergence within a wild tomato species
Authors: Gibson Matthew J. S. , Moyle Leonie C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe wild currant tomato Solanum pimpinellifolium inhabits a wide range of abiotic habitats across its native range of Ecuador and Peru. Although it has served as a key genetic resource for the improvement of domestic cultivars, little is known about the genetic basis of traits underlying local adaptation in this species, nor what abiotic variables are most important for driving differentiation. Here we use redundancy analysis (RDA) and other multivariate statistical methods (structural equation modelling [SEM] and generalized dissimilarity modelling [GDM]) to quantify the relationship of genomic variation (6,830 single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) with climate and geography, among 140 wild accessions. RDA, SEM and GDM each identified environment as explaining more genomic variation than geography, suggesting that local adaptation to heterogeneous abiotic habitats may be an important source of genetic diversity in this species. Environmental factors describing temporal variation in precipitation and evaporative demand explained the most SNP variation among accessions, indicating that these forces may represent key selective agents. Lastly, by studying how SNP–environment associations vary throughout the genome (44,064 SNPs), we mapped the location and investigated the functions of loci putatively contributing to climatic adaptations. Together, our findings indicate an important role for selection imposed by the abiotic environment in driving genomic differentiation between populations.
Pm21 CC domain activity modulated by intramolecular interactions is implicated in cell death and disease resistance
Authors: Gao Anli , Hu Minjie , Gong Yifei , Dong Ruixiang , Jiang Yuan , Zhu Shanying , Ji Jian , Zhang Dale , Li Suoping , He Huagang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNucleotide‐binding (NB) leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) receptors (NLRs) provide resistance against several plant pathogens. We previously cloned the wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21, which encodes a coiled‐coil (CC) NLR that confers broad‐spectrum resistance against Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici. Here, we report comprehensive biochemical and functional analyses of Pm21 CC domain in Nicotiana benthamiana. Transient overexpression assay suggested that only the extended CC (eCC, amino acid residues 1–159) domain has cell‐death‐inducing activity, whereas the CC‐containing truncations, including CC‐NB and CC‐NB‐LRR, do not induce cell‐death responses. Coimmunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assay showed that the eCC domain self‐associates and interacts with the NB and LRR domains in planta. These results imply that the activity of the eCC domain is inhibited by the intramolecular interactions of different domains in the absence of pathogens. We found that the LRR domain plays a crucial role in D491V‐mediated full‐length (FL) Pm21 autoactivation. Some mutations in the CC domain leading to the loss of Pm21 resistance to powdery mildew impaired the CC activity of cell‐death induction. Two mutations (R73Q and E80K) interfered with D491V‐mediated Pm21 autoactivation without affecting the cell‐death‐inducing activity of the eCC domain. Notably, some susceptible mutants harbouring mutations in the CC domain still exhibited cell‐death‐inducing activity. Taken together, these results implicate the CC domain of Pm21 in cell‐death signalling and disease‐resistance signalling, which are potentially independent of each other.
Baseline characteristics of patients from ongoing post‐marketing surveillance, evaluating the real‐world efficacy and safety of edaravone, a novel, free radical scavenger, for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients in Japan (SUNRISE Japan)
Authors: Yuki Satoshi , Ishizaki Kaoru , Yoshioka Hanami , Nakamura Hidekazu , Hirai Manabu , Sobue Gen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ongoing SUNRISE Japan post‐marketing surveillance is collecting real‐world data about the long‐term efficacy and safety of edaravone in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) for up to 5 years.AimTo provide detailed methodologic information about SUNRISE Japan and report baseline data.MethodsSurvival time, time to invasive tracheal intubation, other clinical events, ALS Functional Rating Scale‐Revised [ALSFRS‐R] scores, and safety will be assessed.ResultsIn total, 797 patients were included in the safety and efficacy analysis sets; 55.3% were male, two‐thirds of patients were aged ≥65 years, and 86.1% had a body mass index of <25 kg/m2. Disease duration was <1 year (37.3% of patients), or 1‐2 years (32.1%). Disease severity (Japan ALS severity classification) included grade 2 (42.0% of patients), grade 3 (28.5%), or grade 1 (15.7%). Most ALS cases were sporadic (96.4% of patients). The most common site of symptom onset was the upper limbs (43.5% of patients). ALS diagnosis (El Escorial revised Airlie House criteria) was definite (34.5% of patients), probable (36.1%), probable supported by laboratory data (19.4%), possible (6.4%), or suspected (3.5%). The mean ALSFRS‐R score was 38.5, and mean percent forced vital capacity, 83.6%. Over 60% of patients had been treated with riluzole, and over 60% were receiving other concomitant drugs. Complications were noted in two‐thirds of patients.ConclusionData from the SUNRISE Japan study are expected to extend ALS knowledge in Japan and worldwide, and the study methodology may provide a model for other long‐term surveillance studies in neurodegenerative diseases.
Expressions of extracellular matrix‐remodeling factors in lymph nodes from oral cancer patients
Authors: Fujita Shuichi , Sumi Misa , Tatsukawa Eri , Nagano Kenichi , Katase Naoki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveMost malignant tumors require remodeling extracellular matrices (ECMs) for invasive growth and metastasis. Cancer cells and stromal cells remodel ECM. We investigated the relationship between regional lymph node (LN) metastasis and expression of ECM‐remodeling factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsUsing primary OSCC and cervical LNs obtained surgically, we performed immunohistochemical evaluation of the ECM‐remodeling factors, lysyl oxidase (LOX), MT1‐MMP, S100A8, and TIMP‐1 in primary tumor and marginal sinus histiocytosis (MSH) in LNs, and determined the statistical significance of the positive rates between metastatic and metastasis‐free groups.ResultsMarginal sinus histiocytosis was more frequently formed in the metastatic group compared to the metastasis‐free group. Lymphatic metastasis correlated with the immunopositivity rates of tumor cells expressing LOX, MT1‐MMP, and TIMP‐1, and of stromal cells expressing TIMP‐1. The case rates of MSH containing macrophages positive for LOX and MT1‐MMP in the metastasis group were significantly higher than in the metastasis‐free group. ECM‐remodeling‐associated macrophages accumulate in marginal sinus in conjunction with lymphatic metastasis.ConclusionExpression of LOX, MT1‐MMP, and TIMP‐1 in the parenchyma, and stromal expression of TIMP‐1 in primary tumor may predict lymphatic metastasis. LOX and MT1‐MMP have a possibility to participate in formation of pre‐metastatic niche in LNs.
Reputation management by Chinese universities: Primary profile and comparative features
Authors: Christensen Tom , Gavrila S. Gabriela , Ma Liang , Ramirez Francisco O. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, we analyse data from 176 Chinese universities to examine the use of reputation symbols on official websites. We find that Chinese universities prefer professional and performative symbols more than moral symbols. Reputation symbols are mainly observed in teaching, research, history and strategy categories, whereas their use in internal operations and the external environment is limited. A comparison with samples from the United States and Nordic countries indicates that their universities differ in the use of reputation symbols, with relatively high emphasis on professional and moral symbols, respectively. This difference can be attributed to divergent national cultures, higher education regimes and globalization. Here, we discuss the implications of our findings on reputation management by universities in a globalized world.
The pepper RING‐type E3 ligase, CaATIR1, positively regulates abscisic acid signalling and drought response by modulating the stability of CaATBZ1
Authors: Joo Hyunhee , Lim Chae Woo , Lee Sung Chul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProtein degradation by the ubiquitin/26S proteasome system is a critical process that modulates many eukaryotic cellular processes. E3 ligase usually modulates stress response by adjusting the stability of transcription factors. Previous studies have shown that a RING‐type E3 ligase, CaASRF1, positively modulates abscisic acid (ABA) signalling and ABA‐mediated drought response by modulating the stability of CaAIBZ1 and CaATBZ1. In this study, we conducted yeast two‐hybrid (Y2H) screening with CaATBZ1 to isolate an additional modulator, identified as CaATIR1 (Capsicum annuum ATBZ1 Interacting RING finger protein 1). CaATIR1 has E3 ligase activity and promoted CaATBZ1 degradation using the 26S proteasome system. We investigated the loss‐of and gain‐of functions of this E3 ligase by using silencing pepper and overexpressing (OX) Arabidopsis plants, respectively. In response to ABA and drought treatments, CaATIR1‐silenced pepper plants showed ABA insensitive and drought‐sensitive phenotypes, while CaATIR1‐OX plants showed the opposite phenotypes. Additionally, CaATBZ1‐silencing rescued the ABA insensitive and drought‐sensitive phenotypes of CaATIR1‐silencing pepper plants. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the stability of CaATBZ1 mediated by CaATIR1 has a crucial role in drought stress signalling in pepper plants.
Germline loss‐of‐function variants in MBD4 are rare in Finnish patients with uveal melanoma
Authors: Repo Pauliina , Jäntti Johannes E. , Järvinen Reetta‐Stiina , Rantala Elina S. , Täll Martin , Raivio Virpi , Kivelä Tero T. , Turunen Joni A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUveal melanoma (UM) is a rare intraocular cancer with the highest incidence in northern latitudes. Metastases develop in approximately 50% of patients, whereafter the median survival is 13 months. Generally, the mutation burden of these tumors is low. Germline variants predisposing to UM have been previously described in BRCA1‐associated protein 1 (BAP1). Recently, germline and somatic loss‐of‐function (LOF) variants in the methyl‐CpG‐binding domain 4 (MBD4) gene have been found to cause a hypermutated UM, and MBD4 also has been put forward as a gene predisposing to UM. We sequenced for MBD4 germline variants in 440 Finnish patients with UM and identified seven rare exonic missense variants in 16 (3.6%) patients, of which one likely alters MBD4 function. The frequency of likely pathogenic variants in our cohort is 0.23% (1/432; 95% CI, 0.01–1.28). We identified no LOF variants though their frequency in the Finnish population is 0.052%. Thus, our data do not support the suggestion that MBD4 germline variants predispose to UM. Somatic loss of MBD4 might modify the mutational burden in UM and change its response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Playing with Antagonists: The Politics of Humor in Israeli‐Palestinian Market Encounters
Authors: Siegman Jeremy A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article identifies playful antagonism as a defining mode of rare Israeli‐Palestinian encounters in Israeli settlement businesses. It is based on ethnographic work primarily in an Israeli settlement supermarket where the lowest‐paid workers are mostly occupied Palestinians. This playful antagonism characterizes heated Israeli‐Palestinian political exchanges as well as Palestinian workers’ mockery of their settler bosses and customers, through gestures and jokes alike. These practices navigate an incongruity between the high‐stakes antagonisms of Israeli settler‐colonization and the banality of the workplace. Rather than preventing more “serious” antagonism, this playful antagonism is itself serious, enacting and contesting existential struggles over settler‐colonization, in a context saturated with suspicion and risk to Palestinian livelihoods. Thus, rather than framing humor as standing outside of or transcending political domination and antagonism, this article frames humor as a way of enacting these forms of settler‐native politics. It thus stages a fresh conversation between the recent literature on settler colonialism in Palestine, which has understandably focused on Israeli domination but ignored Israeli‐Palestinian contact and humor, and the literature on humor, which has often ignored scaled‐up forms of power and domination. The article thus contributes to a political anthropology of humor as intertwined with power and domination.
A Dominance‐Based Rough Set Approach for an Enhanced Assessment of Seasonal Influenza Risk
Authors: Younsi Fatima‐Zohra , Chakhar Salem , Ishizaka Alessio , Hamdadou Djamila , Boussaid Omar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAccounting for about 290,000–650,000 deaths across the globe, seasonal influenza is estimated by the World Health Organization to be a major cause of mortality. Hence, there is a need for a reliable and robust epidemiological surveillance decision‐making system to understand and combat this epidemic disease. In a previous study, the authors proposed a decision support system to fight against seasonal influenza. This system is composed of three subsystems: (i) modeling and simulation, (ii) data warehousing, and (iii) analysis. The analysis subsystem relies on spatial online analytical processing (S‐OLAP) technology. Although the S‐OLAP technology is useful in analyzing multidimensional spatial data sets, it cannot take into account the inherent multicriteria nature of seasonal influenza risk assessment by itself. Therefore, the objective of this article is to extend the existing decision support system by adding advanced multicriteria analysis capabilities for enhanced seasonal influenza risk assessment and monitoring. Bearing in mind the characteristics of the decision problem considered in this article, a well‐known multicriteria classification method, the dominance‐based rough set approach (DRSA), was selected to boost the existing decision support system. Combining the S‐OLAP technology and the multicriteria classification method DRSA in the same decision support system will largely improve and extend the scope of analysis capabilities. The extended decision support system has been validated by its application to assess seasonal influenza risk in the northwest region of Algeria.
Investigation of symptoms of hand skin changes with aging in Korean women and development of a new standard grading scale for hand aging
Authors: Jeong Hyunjin , Kim Soyeon , Seo Youngkyoung , Koh Jaesook , Baek Jihwoon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin aging, particularly facial skin, has been actively studied. However, hand skin research is limited.MethodsAging symptoms of 100 hands of Korean women aged from 20s to 60s were measured by noninvasive and bioengineering methods. Standard grade images were produced.ResultsAs people got older, skin wrinkles were getting worse and skin tone was uneven with the occurrence of structural flexion. For each symptom, a suitable standard photograph of the skin of the hand was chosen and a new grading scale was made.ConclusionsThe new grading scale developed in the present study could be employed in studies to explore aging of hand skin as one of objective indicators.
Ouch! A cross‐sectional study investigating self‐reported human exposure to dog bites in rural and urban households in southern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Julien Danielle A. , Sargeant Jan M. , Filejski Catherine , Harper Sherilee L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study investigated self‐reported dog bites in humans in rural and urban households in southern Ontario, Canada. Our objectives were to determine, and compare, the incidence of dog bites in rural and urban households, and to describe the profile of bite victims, biting dogs, and the proportion of biting dogs that respondents self‐reported as being not up to date on rabies vaccination. We conducted a cross‐sectional observational study using an online questionnaire. The 2,006 respondents, each representing one household, included 1,002 rural and 1,004 urban residences. The incidence risk of at least one person in the household being bitten over the previous year in rural households (6.09% per year) was less than in urban households (10.76% per year). In 53.20% of households from which at least one person had been bitten within the past year, only a single person had been bitten. Mostly, victims were 25 to 34 years old (21.67%), male (54.19%), and playing with or interacting with the biting dog at the time of the incident (59.11%). Most biting dogs were 3 to 5 years old (32.02%), males (53.69%), and unleashed (76.85%). Based on self‐reporting by respondents, 83.33% of respondent‐owned biting dogs were vaccinated against rabies at the time of the biting incident. Irrespective of dog ownership, the odds of an individual in a rural household being bitten by a dog were 0.53 (95% CI: 0.38–0.73) the odds for an individual in an urban household. Dog bites constitute a serious, yet preventable, public health concern that requires targeted, community‐specific efforts. Public health organizations could consider findings in developing messaging, particularly as we highlight biting dogs reported by their owners as not up to date on rabies vaccination.
Overpressure release: Fluid inclusion evidence for a new mechanism for the formation of heavy oil
Authors: Ping Hongwei , Li Chunquan , Chen Honghan , George Simon C. , Gong Se 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHeavy oils in sedimentary basins are commonly related to biodegradation and water washing, and thermal degradation of sulfur-rich kerogen at an early hydrocarbon generation stage. However, the potential for overpressure release to form heavy oil has been seldom considered and rarely demonstrated. Paragenetic sequences of diagenetic and oil charge events, pressure-temperature-composition (P-T-x) evolutionary history reconstruction, and molecular geochemical data from a single generation of oil inclusions reveal that heavy shale oil in the PS18–1 well in the Dongpu Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China, was neither a product of biodegradation nor due to early oil generation during kerogen maturation. Instead, the precipitation and retention of polar compounds of a previously charged, higher-maturity oil from deeper source rocks, induced by intense pressure reduction during basin uplift, represent the most likely mechanism for the formation of the heavy oil. The precipitation of polar compounds during primary and secondary migration due to intense pressure release may be an important mechanism for explaining compositional fractionation effects in the expelled petroleum fluids in source rocks, bitumen, and heavy oil distributions in unconventional shale systems, and deep non-biodegraded heavy oils. This mechanism has wider implications for understanding the hydrocarbon distribution in overpressured basins.
Prominent thermal anomalies in the mantle transition zone beneath the Transantarctic Mountains
Authors: Emry Erica L. , Nyblade Andrew A. , Horton Alan , Hansen Samantha E. , Julià Jordi , Aster Richard C. , Huerta Audrey D. , Winberry J. Paul , Wiens Douglas A. , Wilson Terry J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Transantarctic Mountains (TAMs), Antarctica, exhibit anomalous uplift and volcanism and have been associated with regions of thermally perturbed upper mantle that may or may not be connected to lower mantle processes. To determine if the anomalous upper mantle beneath the TAMs connects to the lower mantle, we interrogate the mantle transition zone (MTZ) structure under the TAMs and adjacent parts of East Antarctica using 12,500+ detections of P-to-S conversions from the 410 and 660 km discontinuities. Our results show distinct zones of thinner-than-global-average MTZ (∼205–225 km, ∼10%–18% thinner) beneath the central TAMs and southern Victoria Land, revealing throughgoing convective thermal anomalies (i.e., mantle plumes) that connect prominent upper and lower mantle low-velocity regions. This suggests that the thermally perturbed upper mantle beneath the TAMs and Ross Island may have a lower mantle origin, which could influence patterns of volcanism and TAMs uplift.
Role of Arg243 and His239 Residues in the Recognition of Damaged Nucleotides by Human Uracil-DNA Glycosylase SMUG1
Authors: Iakovlev D. A. , Alekseeva I. V. , Kuznetsov N. A. , Fedorova O. S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Human uracil-DNA glycosylase SMUG1 removes uracil residues and some other noncanonical or damaged bases from DNA. Despite the functional importance of this enzyme, its X-ray structure is still unavailable. Previously, we performed homology modeling of human SMUG1 structure and suggested the roles of some amino acid residues in the recognition of damaged nucleotides and their removal from DNA. In this study, we investigated the kinetics of conformational transitions in the protein and in various DNA substrates during enzymatic catalysis using the stopped-flow method based on changes in the fluorescence intensity of enzyme’s tryptophan residues and 2-aminopurine in DNA or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between fluorophores in DNA. The kinetic mechanism of interactions between reaction intermediates was identified, and kinetic parameters of the intermediate formation and dissociation were calculated. The obtained data help in elucidating the functions of His239 and Arg243 residues in the recognition and removal of damaged nucleotides by SMUG1.
Which men change in intimate partner violence prevention interventions? A trajectory analysis in Rwanda and South Africa
Authors: Gibbs Andrew , Dunkle Kristin , Mhlongo Shibe , Chirwa Esnat , Hatcher Abigail , Christofides Nicola J , Jewkes Rachel 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionEmerging evidence suggests working with men to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration can be effective. However, it is unknown whether all men benefit equally, or whether different groups of men respond differentially to interventions.MethodsWe conducted trajectory modelling using longitudinal data from men enrolled in intervention arms of three IPV trials in South Africa and Rwanda to identify trajectories of IPV perpetration. We then use multinomial regression to describe baseline characteristics associated with group allocation.ResultsIn South Africa, the Stepping Stones and Creating Futures (SS-CF) trial had 289 men and the CHANGE trial had 803 men, and in Rwanda, Indashyikirwa had 821 men. We identified three trajectories of IPV perpetration: a low-flat (60%–67% of men), high with large reduction (19%–24%) and high with slight increase (10%–21%). Baseline factors associated men in high-start IPV trajectories, compared with low-flat trajectory, varied by study, but included higher poverty, poorer mental health, greater substance use, younger age and more childhood traumas. Attitudes supportive of IPV were consistently associated with high-start trajectories. In separate models comparing high-reducing to high-increasing trajectories, baseline factors associated with reduced IPV perpetration were depressive symptoms (relative risk ratio, RRR=3.06, p=0.01 SS-CF); living separately from their partner (RRR=2.14, p=0.01 CHANGE); recent employment (RRR=1.85, p=0.04 CHANGE) and lower acceptability of IPV (RRR=0.60, p=0.08 Indashyikirwa). Older aged men had a trend towards reducing IPV perpetration in CHANGE (p=0.06) and younger men in Indashyikirwa (p=0.07).ConclusionsThree distinct groups of men differed in their response to IPV prevention interventions. Baseline characteristics of past traumas and current poverty, mental health and gender beliefs predicted trajectory group allocation. The analysis may inform targeting of interventions towards those who have propensity to change or guide how contextual factors may alter intervention effects.Trial registration numbersNCT03022370;NCT02823288;NCT03477877.