bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric heart‐lung transplantation: A contemporary analysis of outcomes
Authors: Riggs Kyle W. , Chapman Jacquelyn L. , Schecter Marc , Towe Christopher , Zafar Farhan , Morales David L. S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPediatric heart‐lung transplantation (HLT) is rare, and no report has analyzed patient outcomes since time of listing. We analyzed pediatric HLTs to understand risk factors for waitlist and post‐HLT mortality.MethodsAll pediatric (<18 year old) HLT candidates were identified within the UNOS database (n = 573) and grouped by age, era, and by diagnosis. Logistical regression and Cox proportional hazard modeling identified risk factors for 6‐month WL and overall post‐transplant mortality.Results209/573 (37%) HLT candidates were transplanted, 7% recovered, 42% died waiting, and 15% were removed for another/unknown reason. Diagnoses were primary pulmonary hypertension(n = 130), congenital heart disease(CHD) without Eisenmenger's syndrome (ES) (n = 65), CHD with ES (n = 73), and other (n = 305). Patients with a diagnosis other than CHD with ES (OR: 7.55, P = .001), on IV inotropic support (OR: 2.79, P < .001), and infants (OR: 2.20, P = .004) were associated with waitlist mortality. There has been a 56% reduction in HLTs across eras (Era 1:10.8/yr vs Era 2:4.7/yr). Risk factors for post‐transplant mortality were ECMO (HR: 4.1, P = .016), and being infant (HR: 2.2, P = .04) or 1‐11 years old (HR: 1.78, P = .015). ECMO patients have an 87% 2‐year mortality rate with a median post‐transplant survival of 64 days. Overall, post‐transplant survival was unchanged (log‐rank P = .067) between eras. Excluding ECMO patients, in the recent era 29 non‐infant patients with primary pulmonary hypertension had 93% 1‐year survival and 67% 5‐year survival.ConclusionsNearly 600 pediatric patients have been listed for HLT in UNOS, although numbers are decreasing in the current era. HLT for a patient on ECMO appears to be an ineffective strategy; however, in well‐selected cohorts, HLT can provide considerable post‐transplant survival.
Differential regulation of jasmonic acid pathways in resistant (Calcutta 4) and susceptible (Williams) banana genotypes during the interaction with Pseudocercospora fijiensis
Authors: Rodriguez Héctor Alejandro , Hidalgo William F. , Sanchez J. Danilo , Menezes Riya C. , Schneider Bernd , Arango Rafael Eduardo , Morales Juan Gonzalo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOne of the main biosecurity problems facing banana crops is black Sigatoka disease, caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis. Disease control is achieved mainly by chemical sprays and generates more than 50% of the costs of production, with a trend to increase due to the rapid resistance that the fungus acquires to the main fungicide molecules. Thus, it is very important to acquire information on the molecular mechanisms of the plant–pathogen interactions in this pathosystem as a way to help design future control strategies. Hormonal plant responses of banana genotypes susceptible and resistant to P. fijiensis were identified and analysed in this work by transcriptomic (RNA‐Seq and RT‐qPCR) and metabolomic studies (ultraperformance liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy). Differentially expressed genes related to signal transduction and biosynthesis pathways of jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) were identified in the resistant variety Calcutta 4 during the early stage of interaction with P. fijiensis. Metabolomic analysis corroborated the induction of metabolites related to JA and ET pathways during the first 72 hr post‐inoculation. Observed results are evidence that signalling via JA/ET could be key in the activation of defence response signals in the resistant variety Calcutta 4.
The endothelial glycocalyx: Structure and function in health and critical illness
Authors: Gaudette Sarah , Hughes Dez , Boller Manuel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a narrative review of the current literature in reference to the structure and function of the endothelial glycocalyx (EG) and its contribution to the pathophysiology of conditions relevant to the veterinary emergency and critical care clinician. Novel therapies for restoring or preserving the EG will also be discussed.Data SourcesOnline databases (PubMed, CAB abstracts, Scopus) were searched between January 1st 2017 and May 1st 2017 for English language articles without publication date restriction. Keywords included EG, endothelial surface layer, degradation, syndecan‐1, heparan sulfate, critical illness, sepsis, trauma, and therapeutics.Data SynthesisThe EG is a complex and important structure located on the luminal surface of all blood vessels throughout the body. It plays an important role in normal vascular homeostasis including control of fluid exchange across the vascular barrier. Loss or degradation of the EG has an impact on inflammation, coagulation, and vascular permeability and tone. These changes are essential components in the pathophysiology of many conditions including sepsis and trauma. A substantial body of experimental animal and human clinical research over the last decade has demonstrated increased circulating concentrations of EG degradation products in these conditions. However, veterinary‐specific research into the EG and critical illness is currently lacking. The utility of EG degradation products as diagnostic and prognostic tools continues to be investigated and new therapies to preserve or improve EG structure and function are under development.ConclusionsThe recognition of the presence of the EG has changed our understanding of transvascular fluid flux and the pathophysiology of many conditions of critical illness. The EG is an exciting target for novel therapeutics to improve morbidity and mortality in conditions such as sepsis and trauma.
Stability Optimization and Analysis of a Bidirectional Shaft Extension Pump
Authors: Li Chengyi , Zheng Yuan , Zhang Yuquan , Kan Kan , Xue Xinyang , Fernandez-Rodriguez E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper is to solve the problem of poor stability of bidirectional shaft pumps, under reverse and low-head condition. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations are carried out and verified by model test, under four theoretical conditions: steady, unsteady, unidirectional, and bidirectional fluid–solid coupling. The S-shaped elbow of bidirectional pump was divided into four schemes according to the ratio b of the centerline's radius. The effects of b value on the efficiency and stability in the forward and reverse condition of the pump device were analyzed and compared. When b value was 0.75, the efficiency and stability of the pump device proved best. The frequency domain of pressure pulsation and dynamic stress of bidirectional pump under zero and design head condition was analyzed. It was found that the bidirectional pump had main frequencies corresponding to 10 and four times the rotation frequency of the runner (fn), for most working conditions. While there is a subfrequency of 14fn in zero head operation, which is similar to the natural frequencies of first- and second-order, calculated in the modal analysis. This may be the cause of the larger vibration of the bidirectional pump when it starts under the condition of zero head.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of a Single-Axis Parallel Active Vibration Mount for Helicopter Seats Using Vibration Standards
Authors: Fereidooni Amin , Graham Silas , Chen Eric , Wickramasinghe Viresh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the experimental and numerical investigation of a single-axis replicate of a patented multi-axis active vibration isolation seat mount. Following the design of the multi-axis system, this single axis vibration isolation mount uses a flexible elastomer support placed in parallel with an electromagnetic actuator. This mount is designed to reduce the N/rev harmonic vibration of a helicopter using a filtered-X least mean square (FXLMS)-based controller. To improve the efficiency of the FXLMS controller for this application, the ISO-2631-1 Wk filter is added. Employing this modified controller, the experimental setup is tested using a payload mass representative of a 95th percentile pilot. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed design in canceling the unwanted helicopter vibration, where the active mount effectively reduces the vibration representative of a Bell-412 helicopter by 69.37% (−10.28 dB, g-rms). In order to develop a better understanding of the problem, the system is also modeled from first principles in simulink. The comparison between the nonlinear numerical model and the experimental results demonstrates a good agreement between the two approaches. Moreover, it is shown that the addition of the ISO-2631-1 Wk filter improves the transient performance of the FXLMS controller for the given helicopter vibration profile.
Adequate 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are inversely associated with various cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese children, especially obese children
Authors: Xiao Pei , Dong Hongbo , Li Haibo , Yan Yinkun , Cheng Hong , Liu Junting , Zhao Xiaoyuan , Hou Dongqing , Mi Jie 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveVitamin D deficiency has recently evolved as a major public health issue worldwide. But the relationship between vitamin D and cardiovascular health in children remains unclear. Accordingly, we aimed to examine the associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors, and to assess the possible effect modification of obesity on the associations in a Chinese pediatric population.Research design and methodsA cross-sectional sample of 6091 children aged 6–18 years was obtained using a cluster sampling method. The 25(OH)D concentrations, and metabolic risk factors, including waist to height ratio, blood pressure, blood lipids, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and insulin were measured. Adjusted ORs and multiplicative or additive interaction were calculated to assess the associations and effect modification, respectively.ResultsTriglycerides, FBG, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were inversely associated with 25(OH)D concentrations (p<0.05) in both sexes. The OR of hyperglycemia among individuals with insufficient vitamin D was higher than those with adequate vitamin D after adjusting for covariates (OR: 1.47; 95% CI 1.26 to 1.70). Moreover, girls with insufficient vitamin D had significantly higher odds for hypertension and high total cholesterol than those with adequate vitamin D, which was not observed in boys. Thirty-two percent (95% CI 14% to 51%) of the increased odds of hyperglycemia can be explained by the interaction between insufficient vitamin D and obesity.ConclusionsVitamin D insufficiency is associated with increased odds of various cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese children and has a synergistic effect on hyperglycemia with obesity.
Relationships between cognitive leisure activities and cognitive function in older adults with depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kim Min Ji , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Doi Takehiko , Nakakubo Sho , Kurita Satoshi , Makizako Hyuma , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesThe current study aimed to elucidate the associations between cognitive leisure activities and cognitive function in an older population stratified by having or not having depressive symptoms.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional study based on a self-report questionnaire.SettingAnnual health check-ups in a rural community in Japan.ParticipantsA total of 11 010 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years (mean age: 74.0±5.4 years) was examined. Participants with missing data for the main outcome (n=1630) were excluded.Outcome measuresCognitive impairment was defined as at least 1.5 SD below the reference threshold (age-adjusted and education-adjusted score) on two of more of the tests in the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool. Depressive symptoms were defined by a 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale score ≥6. We assessed the frequency of participation in cognitive leisure activities using the validated scale (score: 0–42). A score of ≥8 points was defined as frequent participation in cognitive leisure activities.ResultsA total of 12.6% (n=1186) of the participants had depressive symptoms. There was a significant association between cognitive leisure activities and cognitive impairment in older adults (adjusted OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.65 to 0.94). In older adults with depressive symptoms, a higher frequency of cognitive leisure activities was negatively associated with cognitive impairment (adjusted OR=0.45, 95% CI=0.28 to 0.70). In contrast, there was no significant association in older adults without depressive symptoms (adjusted OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.70 to 1.02).ConclusionsEngaging in cognitive leisure activities in late life is associated with better cognitive function in older adults with depressive symptoms.
Risk of opioid misuse in people with cancer and pain and related clinical considerations: a qualitative study of the perspectives of Australian general practitioners
Authors: Luckett Tim , Newton-John Toby , Phillips Jane , Holliday Simon , Giannitrapani Karleen , Powell-Davies Gawaine , Lovell Melanie , Liauw Winston , Rowett Debra , Pearson Sallie-Anne , Raymond Bronwyn , Heneka Nicole , Lorenz Karl 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the perspectives of general practitioners (GPs) concerning the risk of opioid misuse in people with cancer and pain and related clinical considerations.DesignA qualitative approach using semistructured telephone interviews. Analysis used an integrative approach.SettingPrimary care.ParticipantsAustralian GPs with experience of prescribing opioids for people with cancer and pain.ResultsTwenty-two GPs participated, and three themes emerged. Theme 1 (Misuse is not the main problem) contextualised misuse as a relatively minor concern compared with pain control and toxicity, and highlighted underlying systemic factors, including limitations in continuity of care and doctor expertise. Theme 2 (‘A different mindset’ for cancer pain) captured participants’ relative comfort in prescribing opioids for pain in cancer versus non-cancer contexts, and acknowledgement that compassion and greater perceived community acceptance were driving factors, in addition to scientific support for mechanisms and clinical efficacy. Participant attitudes towards prescribing for people with cancer versus non-cancer pain differed most when cancer was in the palliative phase, when they were unconcerned by misuse. Participants were equivocal about the risk–benefit ratio of long-term opioid therapy in the chronic phase of cancer, and were reluctant to prescribe for disease-free survivors. Theme 3 (‘The question is always, ‘how lazy have you been?’) captured participants’ acknowledgement that they sometimes prescribed opioids for cancer pain as a default, easier option compared with more holistic pain management.ConclusionsFindings highlight the role of specific clinical considerations in distinguishing risk of opioid misuse in the cancer versus non-cancer population, rather than diagnosis per se. Further efforts are needed to ensure continuity of care where opioid prescribing is shared. Greater evidence is needed to guide opioid prescribing in disease-free survivors and the chronic phase of cancer, especially in the context of new treatments for metastatic disease.
Measuring menstrual hygiene experience: development and validation of the Menstrual Practice Needs Scale (MPNS-36) in Soroti, Uganda
Authors: Hennegan Julie , Nansubuga Agnes , Smith Calum , Redshaw Maggie , Akullo Agnes , Schwab Kellogg J 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThis study describes the development and validation of the Menstrual Practice Needs Scale (MPNS-36), which measures the extent to which respondents’ menstrual practices and environments meet their needs.MethodsA 54-item pool was developed following systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies and expert feedback. Item reduction and scale validation were undertaken using a cross-sectional survey of 538 menstruating schoolgirls in Soroti, Uganda. Test–retest reliability was assessed in a subsample of 52 girls 2 weeks after the first administration. Construct validity was tested through relationships with hypothesised correlates: confidence to manage menses, self-reported school absenteeism and mental health symptoms.ResultsThe MPNS-36 comprises 28 items applicable to all respondents and 8 items capturing washing and drying experiences for those reusing menstrual materials. A four-factor solution for the core 28 items was the best fit for the data (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.028–0.029; comparative fit index (CFI)=0.961–0.964; Tucker-Lewis index (TLI)=0.953–0.955), supplemented by two factors for reuse (RMSEA=0.021–0.030; CFI=0.987–0.994; TLI=0.981–0.991). Subscale and total scores were calculated as mean scores to support accessibility for practitioners. The subscales were ‘material and home environment needs’ (11 items, αordinal=0.84), ‘transport and school environment needs’ (5 items, αordinal=0.73), ‘material reliability concerns’ (3 items, αordinal=0.55), ‘change and disposal insecurity’ (9 items, αordinal=0.80), ‘reuse needs’ (5 items, αordinal=0.76) and ‘reuse insecurity’ (3 items, αordinal=0.56). Relationships between subscales and hypothesised correlates supported validity. Home-based and school-based items were more strongly associated with confidence to manage menstruation at home and school, respectively. Higher total scores indicated more positive experiences and were associated with greater odds of not missing school during the last menstrual period (OR=2.62, 95% CI 1.52 to 4.50). Test–retest reliability was moderate (total score: intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC(2,1)=0.69).ConclusionsThe MPNS-36 demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity. It is the first measure to capture perceived menstrual hygiene and may be useful across a range of study designs. Future research should explore the validity and suitability of the measure across contexts and populations.
Cohort profile: the Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition in Acre, Brazil, birth cohort study (MINA-Brazil)
Authors: Cardoso Marly A , Matijasevich Alicia , Malta Maira Barreto , Lourenco Barbara Hatzlhoffer , Gimeno Suely G A , Ferreira Marcelo U , Castro Marcia C 
Published: February 2020

PurposeMaternal and Child Health and Nutrition in Acre, Brazil (MINA-Brazil) is a longitudinal, prospective population-based birth cohort, set-up to understand the effects of early environmental exposures and maternal lifestyle choices on growth and development of the Amazonian children.ParticipantsMother–baby pairs (n=1246) were enrolled at delivery from July 2015 to June 2016 in Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil. Mothers of 43.7% of the cohort were recruited in the study during pregnancy from February 2015 to January 2016. Study visits took place during pregnancy, delivery, at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after delivery. In addition to clinical and epidemiological data, samples collected by the MINA-Brazil study include plasma, serum and extracted DNA from blood and faeces, which are stored in a biobank.Findings to dateKey baseline reports found a high prevalence of gestational night blindness (11.5%; 95% CI 9.97% to 13.25%) and maternal anaemia (39.4%; 95% CI 36.84% to 41.95%) at delivery. Antenatal malaria episodes (74.6% ofPlasmodium vivax) were diagnosed in 8.0% of the women and were associated with an average reduction in birth weight z-scores of 0.35 (95% CI 0.14 to 0.57) and in birth length z-scores of 0.31 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.54), compared with malaria-free pregnancies. At 2-year follow-up, data collection strategies combined telephone calls, WhatsApp, social media community and home visits to minimise losses of follow-up (retention rate of 79.5%).Future plansA 5-year follow-up visit is planned in 2021 with similar interviews and biospecimens collection. The findings from this prospective cohort will provide novel insights into the roles of prenatal and postnatal factors in determining early childhood development in an Amazonian population.
Weak cosmic censorship in Born–Infeld electrodynamics and bound on charge-to-mass ratio
Authors: Hu Tong-Tong , Song Yan , Sun Shuo , Li Hong-Bo , Wang Yong-Qiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe construct a class of counterexamples to cosmic censorship in four dimensional Einstein–Born–Infeld theory with asymptotically anti-de Sitter boundary conditions, and investigate the effect of the Born–Infeld parameter b in comparison with the counterpart of Einstein–Maxwell theory. When a charged massive scalar field is included into the action, we find that this class of counterexamples to cosmic censorship would be removed if the charge of scalar fields is above the bound of charge $$q_{w}$$qw. In particular, the bound of charge required to preserve cosmic censorship increases with the increasing of Born–Infeld parameter. Meanwhile, we also show the lower bounds on charge-to-mass ratio with the different values of Born–Infeld parameter.
Transcription-Associated Cyclin-Dependent Kinases as Targets and Biomarkers for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Chou Jonathan , Quigley David A. , Robinson Troy M. , Feng Felix Y. , Ashworth Alan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDrugs targeting the cell cycle–regulatory cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6 have been approved for the treatment of hormone receptor–positive breast cancer, and inhibitors targeting other cell-cycle CDKs are currently in clinical trials. Another class of CDKs, the transcription-associated CDKs, including CDK7, CDK8, CDK9, CDK12 and CDK13, are critical regulators of gene expression. Recent evidence suggests several novel functions of these CDKs, including regulation of epigenetic modifications, intronic polyadenylation, DNA-damage responses, and genomic stability. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the transcriptional CDKs, their utility as biomarkers, and their potential as therapeutic targets.Significance:CDK inhibitors targeting CDK4 and CDK6 have been approved in hormone receptor–positive breast cancer, and inhibitors targeting other cell-cycle CDKs are currently in clinical trials. Several studies now point to potential therapeutic opportunities by inhibiting the transcription-associated CDKs as well as therapeutic vulnerabilities with PARP inhibitors and immunotherapy in tumors deficient in these CDKs.