bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetics and the exposomes: Obesity and beyond
Authors: Raman Rita P. , Raman Anita D. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThe specific genetic alterations that result in diseases and complex syndromes have been and continue to be identified. Search for the origins of disease have led to investigations into the roles of dietary and environmental factors as potential triggers or modifiers of risk. Genome-wide association studies have identified concepts such as the rare variant-common disease hypothesis and the common variant-common disease hypothesis.1 Through association studies, unique gene-environment interactions, which may occur with or without specific periods of permissiveness or vulnerabilities, have also been identified. Major conditions where the role of exposomes and epigenetics are rapidly evolving are obesity, neurological disorders, immune disorders and cancers. These concepts are particularly intriguing in the context of obesity.
BACKGROUND:
Epigenetics can be defined as heritable traits resulting from changes in DNA or chromatin structure without alterations in the DNA sequence.2 Nutritional epigenetics is seen as a means for the prevention of developmental diseases and cancer, and to delay processes associated with aging.3,4 Diseases in which epigenetic factors are considered significant include type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, neurocognitive disorders, and immune diseases, with neural function influenced by environmental factors including early experience.5 Studies with rodent models suggest that during both early development and in adult life, environmental signals can activate intracellular pathways that directly remodel the epigenome, leading to changes in gene expression and function. These studies define a biological basis for the interplay between environmental signals and the genome in the regulation of individual differences in behavior, cognition, and physiology.6 In reproduction, certain genes are turned on while others are turned off in the process of imprinting. In the case of imprinting, even though there are two copies of the gene, only one copy is expressed and there is no substitute functional allele. For this reason, imprinting makes the imprinted genes more vulnerable to the negative effects of mutations.7
Ecocardiografia para avaliação cardiovascular de crianças com sobrepeso/obesidade: uma revisão
Authors: Caixe Simone Helena , de Almeida Carlos Alberto Nogueira 
Published: February 2020

RESUMONo Brasil, os dados atuais mostram que a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças é elevada e crescente. Diante deste cenário torna-se necessário detectar precocemente alterações cardiovasculares decorrentes desse quadro. A presente revisão é um estudo descritivo exploratório que trata da utilização da ecocardiografia transtorácica no diagnóstico das alterações cardiovasculares e incluiu publicações indexadas em bases de pesquisa científica, MEDLINE, SCIELO, e referências clássicas no período de 2001 a 2013. Os termo de procura usados foram: “obesidade”, “ecocardiograma transtorácico”, “alterações cardiovasculares”. A ecocardiografia transtorácica avalia com precisão e em tempo real, a estrutura e o funcionamento cardíaco, por meio dos parâmetros ecocardiográficos e por isso possibilita detectar alterações precoces da função diastólica e da geometria ventricular esquerda.
Prevalência de diabetes e intolerância a glicose em pacientes com dor crônica
Authors: Higashi Rafael , Higashi Leonardo , Higashi Andrea Nunes , Soares Marco Antonio Botelho 
Published: February 2020

RESUMO
Justificativa e objetivos: A diabetes é associada ao aumento de prevalência de dor crônica, porém faltam estudos que associem dor crônica como um sintoma precoce de intolerância a glicose ou diabetes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar na população adulta a prevalência de diabetes e intolerância a glicose em pacientes com dor crônica comparado com pacientes sem dor crônica em um ambulatório privado especializado em nutrologia. Método: Foram incluídos 60 pacientes, 30 pacientes com dor crônica com duração de pelo menos 3 meses e 30 pacientes sem queixa de dor crônica. Todos os pacientes foram estudados prospectivamente para o diagnóstico de diabetes ou intolerância a glicose por meio do teste de tolerância oral com medição glico-insulinica basal a após 2 horas, após estímulo de 75 gramas de glicose. Resultados: Dos 30 indivíduos com dor crônica, 6 pacientes (20%) tinham diabetes, 3 pacientes (10%) tinham intolerância a glicose, totalizando 9 pacientes (30%) com alteração dos níveis glicêmicos (pré-diabético ou diabético). Dos 30 indivíduos sem dor crônica, 1 paciente (3,3%) foi diagnosticado como diabético, 3 pacientes (10%) com intolerância a glicose, totalizando 4 pacientes (13,3%) com alteração dos níveis glicêmicos (pré-diabético ou diabético). Conclusão: Houve significância estatística na prevalência de alteração do nível glicêmico em pacientes com dor crônica em comparação com pacientes sem queixa de dor crônica.
Foxn4 is a temporal identity factor conferring mid/late-early retinal competence and involved in retinal synaptogenesis
Authors: Liu Shuting , Liu Xiaoning , Li Shengguo , Huang Xiuting , Qian Haohua , Jin Kangxin , Xiang Mengqing 
Published: February 2020

SignificanceOrganogenesis, an evolutionarily refined process which is so complicated, delicate, yet replicable, is all about time and space. Only until recently have scientists realized that the temporal identity ofDrosophilaneuroblasts is controlled by cascades of temporal transcription factors (tTFs), but the temporal regulation mechanism is poorly understood in vertebrates. We show that Foxn4 functions as a tTF to confer mammalian retinal progenitors (RPCs) with the competence to generate mid/late-early cell types while suppressing the immediate-early cell type. Our data thus identify a missing member of the tTF cascade that controls RPC temporal identities to ensure the generation of proper retinal neuronal diversity, and provide an important insight for understanding how cell-fate transitions are guided during vertebrate organogenesis.
Any #JesuisIraq planned?*
Authors: De Cock Barbara , Pizarro Pedraza Andrea 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe stem#jesuisfollowed by a toponym (e.g.#jesuisParis)has proved to be very productive in the gathering of affective publics (Papacharissi 2015) around causes of mourning, after terrorist attacks and other disasters. However, not all attacks have given rise to such massive affective use of#jesuishashtags. Our goal is to examine how Twitter users claim similar displays of affect for these “other” places. We analyze 297 tweets in which the Twitter user utters a condolence speech act while simultaneously contesting the unbalanced affective reactions expressed concerning some places, e.g. “Any #JesuisIraq planned?”. We observe the geographical granularity of the referred place, the structural complexity of the tweet and, if present, the underlying motives for unbalanced reactions suggested by the Twitter users. By doing so, we show how Twitter is used to claim attention for places that are deemed underrepresented, thus confirming the importance of Twitter for expressing solidarity.
Location of neonatal microglia drives small extracellular vesicles content and biological functions in vitro
Authors: Murgoci Adriana‐Natalia , Duhamel Marie , Raffo‐Romero Antonella , Mallah Khalil , Aboulouard Soulaimane , Lefebvre Christophe , Kobeissy Firas , Fournier Isabelle , Zilkova Monika , Maderova Denisa , Cizek Milan , Cizkova Dasa , Salzet Michel 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTCombining proteomics and systems biology approaches, we demonstrate that neonatal microglial cells derived from two different CNS locations, cortex and spinal cord, and cultured in vitro displayed different phenotypes upon different physiological or pathological conditions. These cells also exhibited greater variability in terms of cellular and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) protein content and levels. Bioinformatic data analysis showed that cortical microglia exerted anti‐inflammatory and neurogenesis/tumorigenesis properties, while the spinal cord microglia were more inflammatory. Interestingly, while both sEVs microglia sources enhanced growth of DRGs processes, only the spinal cord‐derived sEVs microglia under LPS stimulation significantly attenuated glioma proliferation. These results were confirmed using the neurite outgrowth assay on DRGs cells and glioma proliferation analysis in 3D spheroid cultures. Results from these in vitro assays suggest that the microglia localized at different CNS regions can ensure different biological functions. Together, this study indicates that neonatal microglia locations regulate their physiological and pathological functional fates and could affect the high prevalence of brain vs spinal cord gliomas in adults.
Optimization of upconversion luminescence excitation mode for deeper in vivo bioimaging without contrast loss or overheating
Authors: Pominova Daria V , Romanishkin Igor D , Proydakova Vera Yu , Grachev Pavel V , Moskalev Arkadiy S , Ryabova Anastasia V , Makarov Vladimir I , Linkov Kirill G , Kuznetsov Sergei V , Voronov Valerii V , Uvarov Oleg V , Loschenov Victor B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention as luminescent markers for bioimaging and sensing due to their capability to convert near-infrared (NIR) excitation into visible or NIR luminescence. However, the wavelength of about 970 nm is commonly used for the upconversion luminescence excitation, where the strong absorption of water is observed, which can lead to laser-induced overheating effects. One of the strategies for avoiding such laser-induced heating involves shifting the excitation into shorter wavelengths region. However, the influence of wavelength change on luminescent images quality has not been investigated yet. In this work, we compare wavelengths of 920, 940 and 970 nm for upconversion luminescence excitation in the thickness of biological tissues in terms of detected signal intensity and obtained image quality (contrast and signal-to-background ratio). Studies on biological tissue phantoms with various scattering and absorbing properties were performed to analyze the influence of optical parameters on the depth and contrast of the images obtained under 920–970 nm excitation. It was shown that at the same power the excitation wavelength shift reduces the detected signal intensity and the resulting image contrast. Visualization of biological tissue samples using shorter excitation wavelengths 920 and 940 nm also reduces signal-to-background ratio (S/B) of the obtained images. The S/B of the obtained images amounted to 2, 6 and 8 for 920, 940 and 970 nm, respectively. It was demonstrated that pulse-periodic excitation mode is preferable for obtaining high quality luminescent images of biological tissues deep layers and minimize overheating. Short pulse durations (duty cycle 20%) don’t result in heating even for 1 W cm−2 pumping power density and allow obtaining high luminescence intensity, which provides good images quality.
DeepMAsED: evaluating the quality of metagenomic assemblies
Authors: Mineeva Olga , Rojas-Carulla Mateo , Ley Ruth E , Schölkopf Bernhard , Youngblut Nicholas D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Methodological advances in metagenome assembly are rapidly increasing in the number of published metagenome assemblies. However, identifying misassemblies is challenging due to a lack of closely related reference genomes that can act as pseudo ground truth. Existing reference-free methods are no longer maintained, can make strong assumptions that may not hold across a diversity of research projects, and have not been validated on large-scale metagenome assemblies.

Results
We present DeepMAsED, a deep learning approach for identifying misassembled contigs without the need for reference genomes. Moreover, we provide an in silico pipeline for generating large-scale, realistic metagenome assemblies for comprehensive model training and testing. DeepMAsED accuracy substantially exceeds the state-of-the-art when applied to large and complex metagenome assemblies. Our model estimates a 1% contig misassembly rate in two recent large-scale metagenome assembly publications.

Conclusions
DeepMAsED accurately identifies misassemblies in metagenome-assembled contigs from a broad diversity of bacteria and archaea without the need for reference genomes or strong modeling assumptions. Running DeepMAsED is straight-forward, as well as is model re-training with our dataset generation pipeline. Therefore, DeepMAsED is a flexible misassembly classifier that can be applied to a wide range of metagenome assembly projects.

Availability and implementation
DeepMAsED is available from GitHub at https://github.com/leylabmpi/DeepMAsED.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Atrial thrombi or cardiac tumours? The image-challenge of intracardiac masses: a case report
Authors: Castrichini Matteo , Albani Stefano , Pinamonti Bruno , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Cardiac masses (CM) encompass a broad set of lesions that can be either neoplastic or non-neoplastic. A stepwise diagnostic strategy through multimodality imaging evaluation is the cornerstone for the appropriate approach.

Case summary
We report the case of an 83-year-old man presenting at the emergency department for acute heart failure showing bilateral atrial masses without unequivocal aetiological aspects at several imaging techniques, emphasizing the critical aspects in the differential diagnosis.

Discussion
In the complex field of CM, a proper differential diagnosis is very important in order to start the appropriate treatment; however, sometimes it could be challenging despite a multimodality imaging approach, therefore still requiring histologic examination.
Ten lessons from the frontlines of science in support of fisheries management
Authors: Hare Jonathan A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAfter 20+ years as a research scientist, I recently made a career change to a scientific administrator in NOAA Fisheries. Part of the NOAA Fisheries mission is to provide scientific advice for fisheries using ecosystem based approaches to management. Where I used to see fisheries science as a relatively straightforward discipline, I now recognize fisheries as a complex socio-ecological system that spans natural and social sciences. With this recognition has come an appreciation for the concept of wicked problems and for the incremental approach to policy-making. Here I describe my perspectives before and after this recognition and present 10 lessons for myself as a guide to providing science in support of fisheries management.
Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Chlordene Epoxide in Catfish
Authors: Castillo Gabriel D , Jeffus Marshall T , Kenner Charles T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Chlordene epoxide was detected in the range of 0.04 to 0.27 ppm in the edible portion of 3 catfish samples during the analysis of 36 fish samples by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) for pesticide and industrial chemical residues. Two of these catfish samples were from suppliers in Louisiana and the third was from a Texas supplier. Chlordene was also present; the amount of chlordene epoxide in the 3 samples averaged 46% of the amount of chlordene present. The epoxide was identified by comparison of the mass spectra and the CLC retention times of the samples with reference material prepared in this laboratory.
Program for Computation of Response Data from Five Different Gas Chromatograph Detectors Operating Simultaneously
Authors: Mcleod Harry A , Lewis David 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A novel digital computer program for evaluating data from a gas chromatograph with 5 different detectors—electron capture, flame ionization, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur—operating simultaneously is described. Detector signals are recorded on a 9-channel incremental tape, and then processed off-line by using a NOVA 8K computer system. Spurious signals from each detector are minimized by applying a simplified least squares smoothing procedure to the raw data points. Peak detection logic operating parameters may be varied for each detector. Relative retention times are calculated for 2 internal standards as references and peak areas are corrected for baseline drift. Operator interaction is maximal and several different data reporting formats are used to tabulate the raw and processed data.
Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Chlorinated Norbornene Derivatives in Fish
Authors: Yurawecz Martin P , Roach John A G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
1,2,3,4,7,7 - Hexachloro - 2,5 - norbornadiene (I), 1,2,3,4,5 - endo,7,7 - heptachloro - 2 - norbornene (II), and l,2,3,4,7,7-hexachloro-5,6-erecfoepoxy- 2-norbornene (III) have been identified as contaminants in Mississippi River fish by combined gas-liquid chromatography (GLC)- mass spectrometry. The method used to determine residues of these compounds, which are associated with production of the pesticide endrin, is similar to the AOAC multiresidue method for chlorinated pesticides. The residues are extracted from the sample with acetonitrile, transferred to petroleum ether, and chromatographed on a Florisil column. Compounds I and II are eluted from the Florisil with petroleum ether and compound III is eluted with ethyl ether-petroleum ether (6+94). The concentrated eluates are analyzed by using electron capture GLC. The method provides adequate recoveries of all 3 chlorinated norbornene derivatives and allows quantitation at or below the 0.05 ppm level in fish with a 20 mg sample equivalent injection.
Critical Review of AOAC Fluorometric Method for Determining Selenium in Foods
Authors: Michie Norman D , Dixon E John , Bunton Norman G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The AOAC fluorometric method for determining selenium in foods is reviewed. A modified method of sample digestion is proposed, together with some minor alterations to the fluorometric method. A mixture of nitric and perchloric acids is used for sample digestion in place of nitric, perchloric, and sulfuric acids. Sulfuric acid is added after digestion to remove the other acids, and provide a constant and known matrix for complexation with DAN. Hydrogen peroxide is added in order to convert all Se(VI) to Se(IV). The pH of the digest is controlled by adding glycine/HCl buffer before adding ammonia. Samples are heated at a lower temperature and longer time for complexation. DAN reagent is prepared fresh daily.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Strychnine and Brucine in Liquid Galenicals
Authors: El-Masry Sawsan , Wahbi Abdel-Aziz M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid method is presented for determining strychnine and brucine in liquid galenicals. At pH 5.0, both strychnine and brucine are complexed with methyl orange. After treatment with 0.1N NaOH, the liberated alkaloids are determined spectrophotometrically, using the 2-wavelength method of analysis. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of 4 batches of nux vomica tincture, nux vomica acid, and nux vomica alkaline mixtures. The method has a relative standard deviation of 0.52%.
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Adult Stored Product Beetle Elytra
Authors: Kvenberg John E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy was used to establish the microstructure of adult stored product beetle elytra. Twenty-three species of major importance, which commonly occur in food products, are illustrated. Micrographs and accompanying narrative descriptions provide a definitive diagnostic reference for the identification of elytral fragments examined by light microscopy.
Analysis of Fat-Soluble Vitamins. XIX. Collaborative Studies on the Chemical Assay for Vitamin D Concentrates
Authors: Mulder Frits J , Borsje Ben , Strik Roel , Vries Ellen J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In 1971, a chemical method for the assay of vitamin D in concentrates containing only vitamin D was collaboratively studied by 14 laboratories, using 6 different samples from 2 European manufacturers. On the basis of these results, the laboratories were divided into 2 groups: 5 with significant laboratory biases of ≥2%, and 9 laboratories with nonsignificant bias. The 9 laboratories were subdivided into 2 groups which differed significantly as to reproducibility within laboratories. The reproducibility between laboratories, expressed as a standard deviation in per cent with 95% confidence limits, was 1.2% (confidence range 0.6–7.3) and 4.7% (confidence range 2.4–29.3) for 3 and 6 laboratories, respectively. A second collaborative test was performed in 1974, using 12 vitamin D resin samples in oil from 3 United States manufacturers, to compare 2 chemical vitamin D assay methods (with and without maleic anhydride) and to compare results from the chemical and biological methods; 9 laboratories participated in the chemical method study and 3 in the rat bioassay study. The correlation of results of the chemical method including maleic anhydride treatment and the rat bioassays was satisfactory. The reproducibility of the chemical method was about the same as that in the first collaborative test.
Total Volatile Acidity in Wines, Exclusive of Sulfur Dioxide: Collaborative Study
Authors: Pilone Gordon J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Two methods for determining total volatile acidity in wines, exclusive of sulfur dioxide, were collaboratively studied by using a matched pair scheme. Both methods required an alkali titration of a steam distillate of wine. With one method, the titration of the distillate gave total volatile acidity measurements exclusive of sulfur dioxide when mercuric ions were present during distillation (direct-titration method). With the other method, the interferences of free and bound sulfur dioxide were excluded following the alkali titration by titrating their equivalence as acetic acid with iodine (back-titration method). This required additional manipulation of the sample, including 2 extra titrations. The results of the collaborative study showed that although the mean measurements for both methods were close, variability in repeatability and reproducibility was always smaller (both among and within laboratories) for the directtitration method. This method has been adopted as official first action.
Total Nitrogen in Fertilizer: Collaborative Study
Authors: Rexroad Paul R , Krause Gary F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A modified comprehensive nitrogen method, using 0.4 g C11SO4 as catalyst, is presented. This method plus a modified Raney powder method (mercury-free) with no metallic oxidation catalyst are compared with the AOAC comprehensive nitrogen method. Results from 19 collaborating laboratories for 11 samples are evaluated. The modified Raney method gave significantly low results on 2 samples: 21-7-14 (nitric phosphates-non-sulfate sulfur) and tryptophan. The results for the average per cent nitrogen for 11 samples from the modified comprehensive nitrogen method were comparable to those from the official method at the 95 % probability level; the overall pooled standard deviations were also similar. In this collaborative study, the modified method (with copper) was equal in accuracy and precision to the official method (with mercury). The modified comprehensive nitrogen method has been adopted as official first action.
DC Arc Plasma Emission Spectrometric Determination of Boron in Plants
Authors: Melton James R , Hoover William L , Morris Patricia A , Gerald Janette A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A dc arc plasma emission method is described for determining boron in plants at levels of ≧2.5 ≧g/g. The sample is wet-digested and analyzed at 2497.73A. Lithium is added to mask enhancement of emission by other alkali metals. Results for boron determined by the described method and atomic absorption spectrophotometry compared favorably. Recoveries of boron added to plants ranged from 90.4 to 104.4% with a mean recovery of 99.7%. The described method is convenient, rapid, and accurate for determining boron in plants.