bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixing Design for ATIG Morphology and Microstructure Study of 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Touileb K. , Hedhibi A. , Djoudjou R. , Ouis A. , Bouazizi M. L. 
Published: November 2020

This work is a study of the effects of oxides combination on the morphology of 316L stainless steel welds. A series of thirteen weld lines were carried out using thirteen different oxides. Based on the depth and ratio D/W results, three candidate oxides were selected: Ti2O, Mn2O3, and SiO2. Mixing method available in Minitab 17 software is the most appropriate method to find the optimal combinations to get the best depth and D/W ratio. According to simplex lattice degree four, nineteen combinations of these oxides were prepared. The results show that the optimal composition of flux was: 66%SiO2-34% Mn2O3. The depth and D/W ratio increased to 8.85mm and 0.98 respectively for optimal ATIG, whereas for the conventional TIG welding, the depth and the ratio D/W didn't exceed 1.65mm and 0.17 respectively. For TIG weld joint the hardness is about 47 HRA and it increases to 77 HRA for the optimal ATIG weld joint. The absorbed energies in Charpy impact test are 146 and 138kJ in the weld zone and in the heat affected zone respectively for the TIG welding and they dropped to 111 and 74kJ for the optimal ATIG welding. The fracture surface examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows a ductile fracture for TIG weld with small dimples but ductile-brittle fracture for ATIG weld. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS/SEM) analysis shows the formation of FeS2 and SiO2 in the weld zone causing low absorbed energy for ATIG weld.
Kinetic Modeling of Dye Effluent Biodegradation by Pseudomonas Stutzeri
Authors: Rajamohan N. , Rajasimman M. 
Published: November 2020

Dye industry waste water is difficult to treat because of the presence of dyes with complex aromatic structure. In this research study, the biodegradation studies of dye effluent were performed utilizing Pseudomonas stutzeri in a controlled laboratory environment under anoxic conditions. The effects of operational parameters like initial pH of the effluent and initial Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the effluent on percentage COD removal were studied. A biokinetic model is established giving the dependence of percentage COD removal on biomass concentration and initial COD of the effluent. The biokinetics of the COD removal was found to be first order with respect to both the microbial concentration and initial COD of the effluent. The optimal pH for better bacterial degradation was found to be 8.The specific degradation rate was found to be 0.1417 l/g Dry Cell Mass (DCM) h, at 320 C.
Flow Assessment of Self-Compacted Concrete incorporating Fly Ash
Authors: Memon M. A. , Memon N. A. , Memon A. H. , Bhanbhro R. , Lashari M. H. 
Published: November 2020

Flowability is one of the prime characteristics of good concrete and plays a key role in Self Compacting Concrete (SCC). This study assesses the flowability of SCC with reduced cement content which is replaced by fly ash. Several mixes were prepared by using 5% to 30% fly ash. From the experimental work it was realized that by adjusting a suitable percentage of Super Plasticizer (SP), fly ash dosage can be increased with satisfactory fresh properties of concrete in accordance with the guidelines of EFNARC. At T50cm time the optimum amount of SP was 2%. It was noted that with increase in dosage of fly ash the slump flow increased but T50cm and V-funnel time were reduced. J-Ring height value varied from 9 to 10 for all mixes.
Emission and Noise Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Diesel-Chicken Oil Biodiesel Blends
Authors: Khaskheli A. A. , Arain H. J. , Memon I. A. , Rajput U. A. , Ahsan M. J. 
Published: November 2020

Biodiesel is a significant renewable, safe, and environmentally friendly source of energy that produces a lesser amount of greenhouse effect gasses. The studied biodiesel source is local chicken frying oil, synthesized by the trans-esterification process. In this research, the Particulate Matter (PM) exhaust gas emissions and sound emissions are examined. Emissions such as PM (PM1.0, PM2.5, PM7.0, and PM10), nitric oxides (i.e. NO and NO2), CO, CO2, and noise were investigated at variable loads with constant engine speed. Fuel samples, i.e. pure diesel (D100) and 20% Biodiesel (B20) and 30%Biodiesel (B30) blends were tested. Conventional diesel was found to emit more particulate and sound emissions, while B30 had lower emissions than B20 and conventional diesel. The lowest average values regarding exhaust gas emissions were 0.00690ppm for PM1.0, 7.44ppm for NO2 was, and 190.727ppm for CO, presented in B30. However, emissions from the engine decreased with an increase in the blending ratio of biodiesel. Furthermore, the lowest average value of CO2 was found in B30 and was about 1.457%.
The “Stick-Slip” Phenomenon During the Active Earth Pressure Failure of a Granular Soil of Analogical Material
Authors: Daoud S. M. , Meghachou M. , Abbad H. , Vacher P. 
Published: November 2020

The aim of this paper is to highlight the "stick-slip" phenomenon in the mechanisms of failure related to active earth pressure of an analogical material simulating a granular medium. For this, a two-dimensional small-scale model was used and a phenomenological analysis of these mechanisms was conducted employing measurements of the fields of deformations using the method of digital image correlation. It was noted that a fluctuation in the response of the material occurs during the equal increments of displacements imposed on the mobile wall. This incremental response of the medium during the failure process related to active earth pressure explains the "stick-slip" phenomenon
Numerical Investigation of Plastic Deformation in Two-turn Equal Channel Angular Extrusion
Authors: Mitsak A. , Aour B. , Khelil F. 
Published: November 2020

There has been a number of investigations in recent years reporting on the structure and properties of materials deformed to super plastic deformation (SPD). During SPD new textures can be formed and abnormal characteristics are displayed, attracting a growing research interest.¶ Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) is a method often used to obtain large plastic strains. However, according to experimental results, there is a large tensile stress in the sample during deformation, which may lead in some cases, to cracking in metallic alloys and large curvature in polymeric materials. In order to overcome these drawbacks, the ECAE process can be conducted at high temperatures. But this contributes significantly to a decreased level of plastic deformation induced in the sample. Hence, a tool with multi-pass seems to be a very appropriate solution. In this paper, a new geometry die composed of two elbows has been simulated by finite element method aiming to provide an insight into the mechanisms of deformation and to determine the optimum geometry of the tool. The numerical results show that the length and the section of the second channel play a significant role on the homogeneity of the plastic strain distribution. It has been found that good homogeneity was obtained when the second channel has the same section as that of the entrance and the exit channels and with a length equal to three times of its width.
Access to Justice voor 12- tot 16-jarigen bij niet-nakoming van de geneeskundige behandelingsovereenkomst?
Authors: Blanckenburg B. , Gerrits I.F.H.M. , Sombroek-van Doorm M.P. 
Published: November 2020

Access to Justice voor 12- tot 16-jarigen bij niet-nakoming van de geneeskundige behandelingsovereenkomst?
Patiënten in de leeftijd van 12 tot 16 jaar moeten, naast hun ouders, op basis van de Wet op de Geneeskundige Behandelingsovereenkomst (WGBO) toestemming geven voor hun medische behandelingsovereenkomst. Maar dit houdt niet in dat de jeugdige tussen de 12 en 16 jaar een zelfstandige toegang tot de rechter toekomt in geval van niet-nakoming van de behandelingsovereenkomst. Is dit in overeenstemming met kinder- en mensenrechten?
Impact of Prolonged Digital Screens Exposure On Ocular Surface
Authors: Awasthi Upma 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To assess effect of prolonged digital screen exposure on ocular surface.

Methodolgys:
In this prospective cohort study, patients were enrolled on the basis of history of prolonged digital exposure (>2hrs/day). Dry eye evaluation was done by Schirmer's with anesthesia, Fluorescein-Tear film Break-up Time (F-BUT) and corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining. Patients were categorized as per our severity based grading based on objective tests.

Results:
Twenty six patients (52 eyes) of mean age 27.76 +/-5.16 years (range 17 to 41 years) were selected for the study. Headache and redness were the most common symptoms (22.22% each). F-BUT was found to be less than 5 seconds in 92.3% of patients. Ocular surface staining was present in 75% of the patients. Schirmer's came to be the most unreliable factor (>10 mm). Majority (71.15%) of the patients were having moderate grade of digital strain, as per our severity grading. Exposure duration was not found to be correlating with objective tests.

Conclusion:
Routine dry eye objective tests are affected in patients with prolonged digital screens exposure. There is no defined minimum duration of exposure that will have adverse effects on ocular surface. New grading system may serve as common guideline for the treatment of digital strain in future.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Glaucoma in Aligarh, India – A population based study
Authors: Ahmad Anees , Ahmad Syed Zulfequar , Khalique Najam , Ashraf Mohammad , Alvi Yasir 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness. Being irreversible, its early detection and management are utmost important. With increasing life expectancy, the prevalence of glaucoma is expected to rise. We did this study to find the prevalence of glaucoma among middle-aged and elderly population and to find out its associated factors.

Methods:
A community based cross-sectional study among rural and peri-urban area of Aligarh was done for a duration of one year. A trained ophthalmologist interviewed and examined 680 patients with a detailed eye examination. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by Keeler pulsair non-contact tonometer, confirm by applanation tonometry. Anderson criteria were used to diagnose glaucomatous visual field defect.

Results:
In our study population, a total of 31 subjects were diagnosed as glaucoma in either one or both eyes. The overall prevalence of glaucoma was found to be 4.6%. About equal distribution of type of glaucoma, i.e. Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG) and Normotensive Glaucoma (NTG) was observed in our study participants. The prevalence of glaucoma was found to be significantly associated with increasing age, positive family history as well as a history of angle closure.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of glaucoma is higher in the population of Aligarh. Its association with increasing age, positive family history and history of angle-closure may give us clues for early detection. Screening for glaucoma during middle age especially among person with a positive family history or angle-closure would help us early diagnosing and management of this irreversible disease.
Profile of Proptosis in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Chakraborti Chandana , Mukhopadhyay Udayaditya , Majumdar Swati , Chisthi Rosy , Tripathi Partha 
Published: November 2020

Purpose-
Proptosis is forward protrusion of eye ball. Due to its varied presentation, a profile of these cases would be helpful for an ophthalmologist to understand the spectrum of etio-pathology and thus take an early measure to save vision and even life of a patient.

Material and Methods-
This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in West Bengal based on records on clinical analysis of patients attending eye OPD, eye emergency and those admitted to the inpatient department of ophthalmology and referred from other departments of this institution during July 2015 to July 2018. Demographic details, clinical presentation, investigation (X-Ray, CTscan, USG-B Scan, MRI, Pathology report) details were obtained. A total of Abstract 142 patients with 167 eyes were included in the study.

Results-
Among them, 85 were male and 57 were female with M:F ratio 1.47:1. Most frequent group (81; 57.4%) belonged to 50 to 65 years of age. 33 patients (23.4%) were below 15 years of age. Unilateral proptosis (82.4%) was more common than bilateral (17.6%) one and non-axial (53.89%) was more common than axial (46%) proptosis. Neoplasia was most common (41.91%) etiology followed by thyroid ophthalmopathy (15.56%), orbital cellulitis (11.37%), pseudo-tumour (8.98%), congenital lesions (5.9%), vascular lesions (5.9%), cystic lesions (5.3%) and trauma (2.39%). One patient presented with bilateral proptosis due to sarcoidosis (1.1%). Diagnosis was not confirmed in 2 eyes (1.1%).

Conclusion-
Unilateral proptosis was more common than bilateral one and neoplasia was the commonest cause of proptosis.
Knowledge and Awareness of Eye Donation Among Students of a Nursing College in Gujarat
Authors: Bhole Pradnya , Chaudhari Bhavina , Jadeja Jagruti , Parmar Dipali , Patel Parita 
Published: November 2020

Purpose –
To assess the awareness, knowledge and perception of nursing students regarding eye donation in a tertiary care hospital of Gujarat and to use this information to identify the possible interventions to increase the rates of eye donation.

Methods-
A cross sectional observational study was conducted during the National eye donation fortnight 2018 with 142 first year and 138 second year nursing students to assess their knowledge and awareness regarding eye donation. The mean age of the participants was 20.92 ± 2.18 years. Data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Med-calc software.

Results -
Awareness of eye donation was observed in a majority of 98.21% with the most common source of information being television (39%). Though 75.36% were aware that the ideal time of eye donation was within 6-8 hours of death, 60% had the misconception that it can be executed even before death. Though 87% knew about utilisation of eyes after donation, only 10% had the knowledge of eye donation done among their family or friends. A majority of 92.9% hadn't pledged their eyes.

Conclusion-
The young nursing students can be the future torchbearers of eye donation campaign & their active involvement can make a vast difference in eradication of corneal blindness. The study revealed that though the students were aware of eye donation, there was a lack of proper knowledge & motivation amongst them. This highlights the need for educating them for this noble cause.
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic: Analysis of the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Healthcare Facilities in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Shehu Maryam , Shehu Hassan , Izang Abel B. , Momodu Oseni , Owokolo Abraham , Sana Sekyen , Eseigbe Edwin E. 
Published: November 2020

Background: COVID-19 which was first reported in Wuhan China is now a global pandemic. Healthcare workers play a significant role in fighting this pandemic. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of COVID-19 among healthcare professionals in Jos.
Methodology: The study population are all the health workers in Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BHUTH), Plateau State Specialist Hospital (PSSH) and ECWA comprehensive health care center (ECHC) in Jos who consented to the study. Consecutive sampling was employed in selecting eligible workers who consented to the study. Data generated was subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics as appropriate.
Results: There were 446 HCWs, in comparing the overall mean knowledge score regarding COVID-19 between the different cadre of clinical HCWs, the difference was significant (F= 5.23, p= 0.002). The overall mean knowledge score between the different cadre of non-clinical HCW was not statistically significant (F= 1.38, p= 0.26). There was no significant difference between the mean scores of KAP of the doctors in the different hospitals in Plateau State (F= 0.46, p= 0.63; F= 0.34, p= 0.71; F=0.41, p= 0.66) respectively. The result showed a significant association between job cadre with KAP.
Conclusion: The KAP of the HCW was good, however, there was a significant difference between the knowledge scores of the different cadre of clinical HCW in Plateau State. There was also a significant association between the different job cadre with KAP of the HCW.
Alternative Method for Estimating the Maintenance Cost of Roads in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Ekwueme Godspower Onyekachukwu , Emunefe John Obatarhe , Otty Nkechi Udochukwu , Aronu Charles Okechukwu 
Published: November 2020

Aims: This study proposed an alternative method for the estimation of maintenance cost of roads in Anambra State, Nigeria. The proposed method referred to as the permuted quadratic model (PQM) involves permuting of the dependent variable of the quadratic model.
Place and Duration of Study: The data used in this study was secondary data sourced from the records department of consolidated construction company asphalt plant Anambra state, Nigeria from 2004 to 2019.
Methodology: The linear regression model and the permuted quadratic model were used to analyze the data for the study.
Results: The result found that 74.0% correlation exists between the observed maintenance cost of roads and the predicted maintenance cost of roads using the linear model while the predicted maintenance cost of roads using the permuted quadratic model has 75.8% correlation with the observed maintenance cost of roads. This result indicates that the proposed permuted quadratic model performed better than the linear model for the estimation of the maintenance cost of roads in Anambra State.
Conclusion: The study recommends the proposed model for the estimation of maintenance cost of roads in Anambra State until future studies prove otherwise.
Influence of Powdered Moringa oleifera Lam. Almonds Dried at Different Temperatures on the Physico-chemical Quality of the Pond Water
Authors: Aboubacar Yerima Bako Djibo , Yadji Guero 
Published: November 2020

The study focused on the physico-chemical characterization of raw water samples from the Kongou Gorou pond treated with almond powder from Moringa oleifera seeds. The powder which was used for the present study was dried in the oven for one month at the respective temperatures of 25, 40 and 50 ° C and then applied at a dose of 100 mg /L. The parameters studied are pH, iron, copper, electrical conductivity, rate of dissolved substances (TDS), hardness, organic matter; calcium, HCO3-, magnesium, the Complete Alkalimetric Title (TAC).
The physico-chemical analysis showed that the waters studied have concentrations below the standards recommended by WHO in 2009. For the dose of 100 mg/L and stored at the respective temperatures of 50, 40 and 25 ° C, it was recorded: a pH close to neutrality, a reduction in iron content of 93.46% at 50 ° C, 90.76% and 90.76%, a decrease in magnesium of 27.21; 27.89 and 39.96%, a decrease in hardness of 37.98; 39.94 and 36.03%; a decrease in the TAC from 1.3 to 1.18; 1.29 and 1.23 ° F and finally a reduction of 9.26; 0.81 and 5.42% bicarbonate. At these respective temperatures of 50, 40 and 25 ° C, the electrical conductivity has increased by 33.63, 33.05 and 32.8µs.cm / L at 2 hours of settling and from 34, 64, 34, 28 and 36, 23 µs. cm / L at 24 hours of settling; an increase in the rate of Dissolved Substances from 15.21 to 16.32; 16.33 and 16.72 mg / L; an increase in the order of 34.48, 26.72 and 13.79% in calcium levels; an increase on the one hand of copper from 0.114 mg/L to 0.903 and 2.39 mg/L respectively at 50 and 40 ° C and on the other hand a total removal of the latter at 25 ° C.
The results showed that the use of Moringa oleifera seeds effectively improves the physicochemical quality of the treated water, which not only meets the WHO drinkability standards but also the characteristics of water suitable for drip irrigation.
KMT2C promoter methylation in plasma‐circulating tumor DNA is a prognostic biomarker in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Mastoraki Sofia , Balgkouranidou Ioanna , Tsaroucha Emily , Klinakis Apostolos , Georgoulias Vassilis , Lianidou Evi 
Published: November 2020

MLL3 histone methyltransferase, encoded by the KMT2C gene, is a tumor suppressor that has an essential role in cell‐type‐specific gene expression. We evaluated the prognostic significance of KMT2C promoter methylation as a circulating epigenetic biomarker in plasma cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We examined the methylation status of KMT2C promoter using a novel highly specific and sensitive real‐time methylation‐specific PCR (MSP) assay in (a) operable NSCLC: 48 fresh‐frozen NSCLC tissues, their corresponding adjacent non‐neoplastic tissues, and 48 matched plasma samples; (b) metastatic NSCLC: 91 plasma samples; and (c) 60 plasma samples from healthy donors (HD). KMT2C promoter methylation in plasma cfDNA was detected in 7/48 (14.6%) patients with operable and in 18/91 (19.8%) patients with advanced NSCLC but in none (0/60, 0%) of the plasma samples from HD. In operable NSCLC, in corresponding adjacent non‐neoplastic tissue samples, KMT2C promoter methylation was detected in 3/48 (6.3%) cases. Moreover, in operable NSCLC, KMT2C promoter methylation in plasma cfDNA was related to reduced disease‐free survival (ΗR = 0.239; P = 0.001) and worse overall survival (OS; HR = 0.342, P = 0.023). In metastatic NSCLC, KMT2C promoter methylation in plasma cfDNA was related to worse progression‐free survival (PFS; HR = 0.431; P = 0.005) and worse OS (HR = 0.306; P < 0.001). Our data strongly suggest that the detection of KMT2C promoter methylation in plasma cfDNA predicts poor prognosis in patients with both operable and metastatic NSCLCs. KMT2C promoter methylation in plasma cfDNA therefore merits further evaluation and validation as a noninvasive circulating epigenetic biomarker.
Self‐Powered Red/UV Narrowband Photodetector by Unbalanced Charge Carrier Transport Strategy
Authors: Hou Yuchen , Wu Congcong , Huang Xu , Yang Dong , Ye Tao , Yoon Jungjin , Sriramdas Rammohan , Wang Kai , Priya Shashank 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNarrowband photodetector (NB‐PD) with selective light detection is critical for artificial vision and imaging. Intrinsic (optical‐filter‐free) NB‐PDs using conjugated organics or halide perovskite materials have been developed for eliminating the current complex filtering systems in NB‐PDs. However, the poor performance and external driving circuit of organic NB‐PDs as well as complex doping and uncontrollable recombination reactions in typical perovskite NB‐PDs have limited their applicational diversification. A p‐type self‐doped perovskite for intrinsic NB detection is reported which exhibits unique unbalanced electron–hole transfer kinetics. In conjunction with the optical field distribution, an unbalanced charge transport within the self‐doped perovskite triggers a wavelength‐dependent photo‐carrier collection, resulting in a novel spontaneous internal quantum efficiency narrowing mechanism. As a result, by reverting the device architectural polarity, an NB detection at a monochromic light of either red or UV is observed. Using such a revertible asymmetric device design, self‐powered NB‐PDs are successfully achieved. Briefly, the corresponding NB‐PDs exhibit excellent narrow response with a response window of ≈100 nm, high detectivity ≈1011 Jones, and fast response speed (f−3dB ≈ 60 kHz) at zero bias. These results demonstrate a new strategy of manipulating internal charge transport to realize power‐free and filter‐free intrinsic NB‐PDs.