bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression in High School: Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity as a Moderator of Sexual Assault
Authors: Zeglin Robert J. , Terrell Kassie R. , Barr Elissa M. , Moore Michele J. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDDepression continues to be a public health crisis for young adults. For high school students, past research has identified trauma as a significant predictor of depression. Congruent with the theory of cumulative stress, the present study hypothesized that the effect of sexual assault on depression would be stronger among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) students than among their straight peers.METHODSUsing the Youth Risk Behavior Survey completed by students attending Duval County Public Schools in Florida (N = 3053), this study used secondary data analysis to conduct 2 regression analyses, one for boys and one for girls.RESULTSLGB status was associated with 3‐fold increase in the odds of reporting depression for both boys and girls. History of sexual assault was associated with a significant increase in reporting depression. There was also a significant interaction effect between sexual orientation and history of sexual assault among male students only (p < .05). Contrary to the hypothesis, the effect was stronger among straight boys than among LGB boys.CONCLUSIONMinority students continue to evidence greater risks for depression. Opportunities for systemic changes to address these include training teachers, banning conversion therapy, and implementing comprehensive sex education.
Health expenditure and health services utilization comparison of patients with type 2 diabetes on sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: evidence from 2015 to 2016 medical expenditure panel survey
Authors: Patel Pranav M , Vaidya Varun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Primary objective of this study was to compare the overall health expenditures of patients with type 2 diabetes on sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors.

Methods
Two cohorts of type 2 diabetes patients receiving either SGLT2 inhibitor with metformin or DPP4 inhibitor with metformin were identified from 2015 to 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data. Propensity score matching was used to balance cohorts based on socio-economic status, insulin utilization status, and the Charlson comorbidity score. Patients in SGLT2 inhibitor cohort were matched with patients in DPP4 inhibitor cohort using 1 : 2 ratio on the logit of propensity score using caliper width of 0.1 of the standard deviation of the logit of the propensity score. Expenditure variables were analysed using a generalized linear model with log link function and gamma distribution and adjusted for socio-economic variables. Unadjusted means were obtained using bootstrap.

Results
After propensity score matching, 240 patients were left in the sample with 80 patients in SGLT2 inhibitor cohort and 160 patients in DPP4 inhibitor cohort. Unadjusted average annual total health expenditure was significantly higher in the SGLT2 inhibitor cohort versus DPP4 inhibitor cohort ($17,325 versus $15,702; P value &lt;0.0001). After adjusting for socio-economic factors, overall health expenditure (β = −0.3516; P = 0.0038) was significantly lower in DPP4 inhibitor cohort compared to SGLT2 inhibitor.

Conclusion
SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with significantly higher overall and prescription expenditures compared to DPP4 inhibitors during the study period evaluated. Future studies need to utilize administrative claims data to assess current comparativeness effectiveness trends.
Retrospectively analysed tooth loss in periodontally compromised patients: Long‐term results 10 years after active periodontal therapy—Patient‐related outcomes
Authors: Petsos Hari , Schacher Beate , Ramich Tatjana , Nickles Katrin , Dannewitz Bettina , Arendt Susanne , Seidel Kathrin , Eickholz Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLong‐term tooth retention is the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy. Aim of this study was to evaluate tooth loss (TL) during 10 years of supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) in periodontal compromised patients and to identify factors influencing TL on patient level.Material and MethodsPatients were re‐examined 120 ± 12 months after active periodontal therapy. TL and risk factors [smoking, initial diagnosis, SPT adherence, interleukin‐1 polymorphism, cardiovascular diseases, age at baseline, bleeding on probing (BOP), change of practitioner, insurance status, number of SPT, marital and educational status] influencing TL on patient level were assessed.ResultsOne‐hundred patients (52 female, mean age 65.6 ± 11 years) lost 121 of 2428 teeth (1.21 teeth/patient; 0.12 teeth/patient/y) during 10 years of SPT. Forty‐two of these were lost for periodontal reasons (0.42 teeth/patient; 0.04 teeth/patient/y). Significantly more teeth were lost due to other reasons (P < .001). Smoking, baseline severity of periodontitis, non‐adherent SPT, positive interleukin‐1 polymorphism, marital and educational status, private insurance, older age at baseline and BOP, small number of SPT were identified as patient‐related risk factors for TL (P < .05).ConclusionDuring 120 ± 12 months of SPT, only a small number of teeth was lost in periodontally compromised patients showing the positive effect of a well‐established periodontal treatment concept. The remaining risk for TL should be considered using risk‐adopted SPT allocation.
Rural‐Urban Differences in Dental Service Utilization and Dental Service Procedures Received Among US Adults: Results From the 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
Authors: Luo Huabin , Wu Qiang , Bell Ronny A. , Wright Wanda , Quandt Sara A. , Basu Rashmita , Moss Mark E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeTo assess rural‐urban differences in dental service use and procedures and to explore the interaction effects of individual‐ and county‐level factors on having dental service use and procedures.MethodsData were from the 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). We assessed rural‐urban differences in 3 outcome variables: number of dental visits (1, 2, or 3+ visits), preventive care procedures (Yes/No), and treatment procedures (Yes/No). The study sample included 8,199 adults ≥ 18 years of age who reported at least 1 dental visit in the past year. Sampling weights embedded in MEPS were incorporated into all the analyses.FindingsA significant interaction between residential location and race/ethnicity (P = .030) suggested limited access to dental visits for minority groups, especially for blacks in the more rural areas. Adults from a more rural area were less likely to have received a preventive procedure (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35‐0.87) than those from an urban area. Adults of racial/ethnic minority groups, with lower SES, and without dental insurance were less likely to have received a preventive procedure (all P < .01) but were more likely to have received a treatment procedure (all P < .05).ConclusionsThe study showed rural adults were less likely to have received preventive dental procedures than their urban counterparts. Racial/ethnic minority groups living in a more rural area had even more limited access to dental services. Innovative service delivery models that integrate telehealth and community‐based case management may contribute to addressing these gaps in rural communities.
The acculturation effect and eyewitness memory reports among migrants
Authors: Anakwah Nkansah , Horselenberg Robert , Hope Lorraine , Amankwah‐Poku Margaret , van Koppen Peter J. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeWhen people migrate to new cultures, they adapt to their new culture while at the same time retaining the norms of their original culture. The phenomenon whereby migrants adapt to the cultural norms of a host culture has been referred to as acculturation. Using a mock witness paradigm, we examined the acculturation effect in the eyewitness memory reports of sub‐Saharan African migrants in Western Europe.MethodsWe sampled sub‐Saharan African migrants in Western Europe, as well as sub‐Saharan Africans living in Africa as a control group (total N = 107). The mock witnesses were shown stimuli scenes of crimes in African and Western European settings and provided free and cued recall reports about what they had seen.ResultsCentral details were reported more than contextual details by both groups of sub‐Saharan Africans. Relative to the control group of sub‐Saharan Africans living in Africa, sub‐Saharan African migrants in Western Europe provided more correct central details in free recall. The longer migrants had resided in Western Europe, the less collectivistic they become. Migrants also provided more elaborate reports the longer their duration of residence in Western Europe.ConclusionThe findings of the current research suggest the new cultural environment of migrants impact their cultural norms, which may have implications for their eyewitness memory reports.
Change is never easy: How management theories can help operationalise change in medical education
Authors: Gordon Lisi , Cleland Jennifer A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractContextMedical education is neither simple nor stable, and is highly contextualised. Hence, ways of perceiving multiple connections and complexity are fundamental when seeking to describe, understand and address concerns and questions related to change.ProposalIn response to calls in the literature, we introduce three examples of contemporary organisational theory which can be used to understand and operationalise change within medical education. These theories, institutional logics, paradox theory and complexity leadership theory, respectively, are relatively unknown in medical education. However, they provide a way of making sense of the complexity of change creatively. Specifically, they cross‐cut different levels of analysis and allow us to ‘zoom in’ to micro levels, as well as to ‘zoom out’ and connect what is happening at the individual level (the micro level) to what happens at a wider institutional and even national or international level (the macro level), thereby providing a means of understanding the interactions among individuals, teams, organisations and systems. We highlight the potential value of these theories, provide a brief discussion of the few studies that have used them in medical education, and then briefly critique each theory.ConclusionsWe hope that by drawing the attention of readers to the potential of these management theories, we can unlock some of the complexity of change in medical education, support new ways of thinking and open new avenues for research.
PHILOSOPHY AS ART IN ARISTOTLE’S PROTREPTICUS
Authors: Güremen Refik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObserving certain affinities with Plato’s Alcibiades, this paper argues that a distinction between care (epimeleia) of the soul and philosophy as its art (technê) is reflected in Aristotle’s Protrepticus. On the basis of this distinction, it claims that two notions of philosophy can be distinguished in the Protrepticus: philosophy as epistêmê and philosophy as technê. The former has the function of contemplating the truth of nature, and Aristotle praises it as the natural telos of human beings; whereas philosophy as technê helps nature to accomplish the end it designed for human beings. It emerges that according to Aristotle in the Protrepticus philosophy is the art of making oneself coincide with one’s nature as a human being.
Fleas infesting cats and dogs in Great Britain: spatial distribution of infestation risk and its relation to treatment
Authors: Cooper A‐R. , Nixon E. , Rose Vineer H. , Abdullah S. , Newbury H. , Wall R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe spatial pattern of flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) infestation risk in cats and dogs across Great Britain is quantified, using data collected from a national survey undertaken in 2018, with particular attention given to the association between insecticidal treatment and infestation risk. Flea infestation risk declined significantly from south to north. None of the factors: pet breed, sex, neutered status or whether the pet had been abroad, showed any relationship with the underlying geographic distribution, which is most likely to be associated with climatic factors. However, overall, only 23.6% of the cats and 35% of the dogs inspected had been treated with identifiable flea products that were still ‘in date’ at the point of inspection. The percentage of owners treating their pet broadly followed infestation risk. The insecticide fipronil is a common active in a wide range of flea treatments and was the most frequently applied insecticide class, particularly in cats. However, 62% of cats and 45% of dogs that had been treated with a fipronil‐based product that was ‘in date’ at the point of inspection still had fleas. Persistent flea infestation is likely to be due to a range of factors, including compliance and application failure, but the data provide strong inferential evidence for a lack of efficacy of fipronil‐based products. Given the ubiquity of flea infestation, this finding and the relatively low‐level of treatment compliance, highlight a clear need for greater owner education about the importance of flea management and a better understanding of the efficacy of different products.
His bundle lead placement: Is His bundle captured?
Authors: Chokesuwattanaskul Ronpichai , Jongnarangsin Krit 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA 59‐year‐old female underwent a dual‐chamber pacemaker implantation for intermittent complete heart block. A baseline electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm with first‐degree atrioventricular (AV) block and right bundle branch block. A His bundle lead placement was attempted. An intracardiac electrogram from the His bundle lead demonstrated atrial‐His, and His‐ventricular intervals were 186 and 110 ms, respectively. Pacing was performed from the His bundle lead with a decremental pacing output to assess for the His bundle capture threshold. However, there were no significant QRS morphology changes during the pacing. Is the His bundle captured? The tracing evaluation demonstrated the fascinating physiology of activation wavefront in His Purkinje system that could be applied in the use of conducting system pacing technologies.
Distribution and genetic diversity of Dothistroma septosporum in Pinus brutia forests of south‐western Turkey
Authors: Oskay Funda , Tunalı Zeynep , Lehtijärvi Asko T. , Doğmuş‐Lehtijärvi Hatice Tuğba , Woodward Steve , Mullett Martin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDothistroma needle blight (DNB) is a serious disease of the Pinaceae, mainly Pinus species, caused by the fungi Dothistroma septosporum and D. pini. Both species are regarded as invasive forest pathogens worldwide, with rising incidence in central and northern Europe over the last three decades. In this work, 29 sites were investigated between 2013 and 2015 in south‐western Turkey. Morphological examination of needles confirmed DNB infection (i.e., Dothistroma conidiospores observed) at 18 sites, and a total of 108 Dothistroma sp. isolates were obtained from 11 of the sites. Host age seemed to be an important factor in both occurrence and severity of DNB in Pinus brutia forests. Continuous rainy days, especially in December, may increase severity of disease; however, extreme rain events may reduce available conidiospores on plant tissues or in the air. Species‐specific mating type primers showed that all isolates were D. septosporum; D. pini was not detected. The mating type ratio was close to 1:1, indicating sexual recombination was occurring. Eleven microsatellite markers revealed 59 unique multilocus haplotypes (MLHs) among the 73 isolates originating from different conidiomata. The majority of MLHs were represented by a single isolate (n = 52) and only one MLH was shared between two localities. Analyses showed high genetic diversity, isolation‐by‐distance, and clear population clusters. These findings suggest that D. septosporum is well established in south‐western Turkey and is probably not a recent introduction.
B cell helper T cells and type 1 diabetes
Authors: Vandamme Céline , Kinnunen Tuure 
Published: July 2020

AbstractType 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease typically starting in childhood that culminates in the destruction of insulin‐producing beta cells in the pancreas. Although type 1 diabetes is considered to be a primarily T cell–mediated disease, B cells clearly participate in the autoimmune process, as autoantibodies recognizing pancreatic islet antigen commonly appear in circulation before the onset of the disease. T cells providing helper functions to B cells have recently been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of a wide range of antibody‐associated immune disorders. These T cells include CXCR5‐positive follicular T helper (Tfh) cells, and a recently described closely related CXCR5‐negative subset coined peripheral T helper (Tph) cells. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on different B cell helper T cell subsets, focusing on their potential involvement in the development of type 1 diabetes.
Current knowledge on autoantigens and autoantibodies in psoriasis
Authors: ten Bergen Lisa Lynn , Petrovic Aleksandra , Aarebrot Anders Krogh , Appel Silke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the past decades, clinical and experimental evidence has demonstrated that psoriasis is an immune‐mediated inflammatory disease of the skin that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals. Psoriasis also shows clear autoimmune pathomechanisms, but specific cellular targets for the onset and maintenance of psoriatic lesions were not established until 2014. Since then, four psoriasis autoantigens were discovered, namely cathelicidin LL‐37, melanocytic ADAMTSL5, lipid antigen PLA2G4D and keratin 17. Autoreactive T cells against these autoantigens were found in a number of patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. Moreover, the discovery of autoantibodies against LL‐37 and ADAMTSL5 and their strong association with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) suggest a potential role of these autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of PsA. This review discusses the current studies on psoriatic autoantigens and the associated circulating autoantibodies and their mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of psoriatic plaques. Recent autoimmune evidence fuelled the discussion on psoriasis as an autoimmune skin disorder and has the potential to develop new treatment strategies with protective and therapeutic antigen‐targeted methods.
Statistics of Lifetimes for Transient Bursting States in Coupled Noisy Excitable Systems
Authors: Albanbay Nurtay , Medetov Bekbolat , Zaks Michael A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In ensembles of oscillators, intrinsic fluctuations often enable nontrivial dynamics in seemingly simple situations. One of such effects occurs in coupled FitzHugh–Nagumo oscillators subjected to external noise. At the considered parameter values, the global deterministic attractor is the resting state. Additive noise invokes transient bursting: series of intermittent patches of spikes, followed by the abrupt decay to rest. Duration of this transient, small for weak noise, asymptotically diverges when the noise becomes stronger. Remarkably, in repeated trials at fixed parameters, the number of bursts until the ultimate decay strongly varies. Lifetime statistics for this transient in large ensembles of numerical realizations features the exponential distribution. Observations on transient bursting are confirmed by experiments with coupled analog electronic circuits, modeling the FitzHugh–Nagumo dynamics. We relate the exponential character of the distribution to the probability that the system, disturbed by noise, escapes the local attraction basin of the resting state.
Model-Based Design and Optimization of Blood Oxygenators
Authors: He Ge , Zhang Tao , Zhang Jiafeng , Griffith Bartley P. , Wu Zhongjun J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Blood oxygenators, also known as artificial lungs, are widely used in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery to maintain physiologic oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in blood, and also serve as respiratory assist devices to support patients with lung failure. The time- and cost-consuming method of trial and error is initially used to optimize the oxygenator design, and this method is followed by the introduction of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) that is employed to reduce the number of prototypes that must be built as the design is optimized. The CFD modeling method, while having progress in recent years, still requires complex three-dimensional (3D) modeling and experimental data to identify the model parameters and validate the model. In this study, we sought to develop an easily implemented mathematical models to predict and optimize the performance (oxygen partial pressure/saturation, oxygen/carbon dioxide transfer rates, and pressure loss) of hollow fiber membrane-based oxygenators and this model can be then used in conjunction with CFD to reduce the number of 3D CFD iteration for further oxygenator design and optimization. The model parameters are first identified by fitting the model predictions to the experimental data obtained from a mock flow loop experimental test on a mini fiber bundle. The models are then validated through comparing the theoretical results with the experimental data of seven full-size oxygenators. The comparative analysis show that the model predictions and experimental results are in good agreement. Based on the verified models, the design curves showing the effects of parameters on the performance of oxygenators and the guidelines detailing the optimization process are established to determine the optimal design parameters (fiber bundle dimensions and its porosity) under specific system design requirements (blood pressure drop, oxygen pressure/saturation, oxygen/carbon dioxide transfer rates, and priming volume). The results show that the model-based optimization method is promising to derive the optimal parameters in an efficient way and to serve as an intermediate modeling approach prior to complex CFD modeling.