bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heightened risk of intensive rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation who are obese or have type 2 diabetes: A critical review and re‐evaluation
Authors: Packer Milton 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is common in patients with obesity and diabetes; the arrhythmia (if long‐standing) is typically managed by rate control and anticoagulation. However, the coexistence of these two metabolic disorders complicates therapeutic options for rate control. The likely pathogenesis of AF in these patients is an expansion of epicardial adipose tissue whose inflammation is transmitted to the left atrium causing electromechanical remodeling. However, this same process is also transmitted to the left ventricle (LV), impairing its distensibility and its ability to tolerate volume, leading to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Unfortunately, the latter diagnosis (although commonly present in patients with AF and a coexistent metabolic disorder) is often ignored. To achieve rate control, physicians prescribe intensive treatment with atrioventricular (AV) nodal–blocking drugs, often at doses that are titrated to blunt exercise as well as resting heart rate responses. However, strict rate control (target rate, <80/min) is associated with somewhat worse outcomes than lenient rate control (target rate, <110/min). Furthermore, any rate slowing that facilitates diastolic filling may aggravate filling pressures that are already disproportionately increased because the LV is stiff and overfilled as a result of cardiac inflammation. Rate slowing in AF with beta blockers may not achieve the benefit expected from the blockade of adrenergically mediated cardiotoxicity, and some AV nodal–blocking drugs (digoxin and dronedarone) can increase the risk of death in patients with AF. Finally, cardiac fibrosis in obesity and diabetes may affect the conduction system, which can predispose to serious bradyarrhythmias if patients are prescribed AV nodal–blocking drugs.
Approach and strategy for repeat catheter ablation of recurrent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Tomaiko Emrie , Tseng Andrew , Reichert William B. , Su Wilber W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPatients with atrial fibrillation often undergo repeat catheter ablation for the recurrence of tachyarrhythmia. If the pulmonary veins were isolated in prior procedure, the operator should focus on substrate homogenization with identification and ablation of only arrhythmogenic areas.
Hands on: How to approach patients undergoing lead extraction
Authors: Lewis Robert K. , Pokorney Sean D. , Hegland Donald D. , Piccini Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDue to the growing number of patients treated with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) there is an increased need for lead management, evaluation, and extraction. While CIED lead extraction has many indications, a consistent approach to preprocedural planning should be applied in all cases, including a thorough consultation with careful review of the patient's medical and device history, as well as a discussion of informed consent and shared decision‐making with the patient and their loved ones. The use of chest X‐ray, echocardiography, and computed tomography (CT) scan can further help with risk stratification and procedural planning. Intraprocedural echocardiography (transesophageal or intracardiac) is recommended and allows early recognition of cardiothoracic injury. Establishing an extraction team with cardiology/electrophysiology, anesthesiology, and CT surgery is is crucial to a successful and safe CIED extraction practice, including immediately available surgical backup. This hands‐on review will address how to approach patients who are undergoing lead extraction, as well as several innovations in preprocedure and intraprocedural risk assessment.
Comparative evaluation of experimental challenge by intraperitoneal injection and cohabitation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) after vaccination against Piscirickettsia salmonis (EM90‐like)
Authors: Meza Karla , Inami Makoto , Dalum Alf S. , Lund Hege , Bjelland Ane M. , Sørum Henning , Løvoll Marie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Chilean aquaculture has been challenged for years by piscirickettsiosis. A common prophylactic measurement to try to reduce the impact from this disease is vaccination, but the development of vaccines that induce satisfactory protection of the fish in the field has so far not been successful. Experimental challenge models are used to test vaccine efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of experimental vaccines after challenge by the two most widely used challenge routes, intraperitoneal injection and cohabitation. A total of 1,120 Atlantic salmon were vaccinated with non‐commercial experimental vaccines with increasing amounts of an inactivated Piscirickettsia salmonis EM90‐like isolate. Differences in mortality, macroscopic and microscopic pathological changes, bacterial load and immune gene expression were compared after challenge by different routes. The results revealed a similar progression of the diseases after challenge by both routes and no gross differences reflecting the efficacy of the vaccines could be identified. The analysis of the immune genes suggests a possible suppression of the cellular immunity by CD8 T cell and with this stimulation of bacterial survival and replication. Comparative studies of experimental challenge models are valuable with regard to identifying the best model to mimic real‐life conditions and vaccines’ performance.
Perspectives on Implementing a Multidomain Approach to Caring for Older Adults With Heart Failure
Authors: Goyal Parag , Gorodeski Eiran Z. , Flint Kelsey M. , Goldwater Deena S. , Dodson John A. , Afilalo Jonathan , Maurer Mathew S. , Rich Michael W. , Alexander Karen P. , Hummel Scott L. 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe American College of Cardiology (ACC) Geriatric Cardiology Section Leadership Council recently outlined 4 key domains (which are composed of 14 subdomains) that are important to assess in older adults with heart failure (HF). We sought to determine which geriatric domains/subdomains are routinely assessed, how they are assessed, and how they impact clinical management in the care of ambulatory older adults with HF.DESIGNSurvey.SETTINGAmbulatory.PARTICIPANTSFifteen active ACC member physicians from the geriatric cardiology community.MEASUREMENTSElectronic survey assessing which domains/subdomains are currently assessed in these selected real‐world practices, how they are assessed, and how they are incorporated into clinical management.RESULTSOf 15 clinicians, 14 responded to the survey. The majority routinely assess 3 to 4 domains (median, 3; interquartile range, 3‐4) and a range of 4 to 12 subdomains (median, 8; interquartile range, 6‐11). All respondents routinely assess the medical and physical function domains, 71% routinely assess the mind/emotion domain, and 50% routinely assess the social domain. The most common subdomains included comorbidity burden (100%), polypharmacy (100%), basic function (93%), mobility (86%), falls risk (71%), frailty (64%), and cognition (57%). Sensory impairment (50%), social isolation (50%), nutritional status (43%), loneliness (7%), and financial means (7%) were least frequently assessed. There was significant heterogeneity with regard to the tools used to assess subdomains. Common themes for how the subdomains influenced clinical care included informing prognosis, informing risk‐benefit of pharmacologic therapy and invasive procedures, and consideration for palliative care.CONCLUSIONSWhile respondents routinely assess multiple domains and subdomains and view these as important to clinical care, there is substantial heterogeneity regarding which subdomains are assessed and the tools used to assess them. These observations provide a foundation that inform a research agenda with regard to providing holistic and patient‐centered care to older adults with HF. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2593–2599, 2019
Proteomics: techniques and applications in neuroscience
Authors: Cookson Mark R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis Preface introduces the articles of the special issue on ‘Proteomics’ where we survey these powerful techniques specifically in the context of applications in neurosciences. Proteomics as used here is a catch‐all term for approaches where a broad survey of all protein content of a cell or tissue is performed in parallel. In the special issue, various experts outline applications as diverse as finding disease biomarkers in human samples, including living participants or post‐mortem brain, as well as application of protein technologies to model systems such as animals and cells. Collectively, these articles outline the utility of current technologies for proteome interrogation and identify enhancements that will shape applications to future studies.
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This is the Preface for the special issue "Proteomics".Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14530.
Caregivers experiences in symptom management for their children who require medical technology at home
Authors: Spratling Regena , Lee Jiwon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the daily care experiences of caregivers of children who require medical technology. Specific aims were to gain an understanding of their perceptions of (a) how caregivers manage symptoms for their children who require medical technology at home, (b) why the caregivers seek emergency department (ED) and hospital care, and (c) what the caregivers need to manage their child's symptoms at home. The research question was asked, what are the education, skills, and support caregivers report needing to effectively manage their child's symptoms and prevent avoidable ED visits and hospitalizations?Design and MethodsInterpretive phenomenology was used to examine how caregivers manage their children's symptoms and technology at home, and their reasons for seeking emergency care through ED visits and/or hospitalizations. Self‐identified nine primary caregivers of children who required medical technology participated in this study. Semi‐structured interviews explored the caregiver's perceptions of the child's needs for symptom and technology management, and needs for education, skills, and support.ResultsThree themes were found in the participant interviews. Theme 1 was Knowing my child's normal and having confidence with daily caregiving. Theme 1 included a subtheme of Caregivers are proactive and advocates for their child. Theme 2 was This is much different from my child's normal…this is an emergency. Theme 3 was We cannot sleep and we are exhausted. In regard to education, skills, and support, caregivers described their preparation and training in the hospital before their child's discharge from the hospital with a tracheostomy and feeding tube, but lacked knowledge of new situations and symptoms at home with medical technology.Practice ImplicationsThis study confirms the need for interventions for these caregivers to enhance education, skills, and support caregivers need to effectively manage their child's symptoms and prevent avoidable ED visits and hospitalizations, specifically enhancement of care at home. More education for caregivers of children who require medical technology is recommended to facilitate quality care for the child; few interventions have addressed care for these children, and none address education and management of symptoms and medical technology.
Sexual and gender minority sleep: A narrative review and suggestions for future research
Authors: Butler Eliana S. , McGlinchey Eleanor , Juster Robert‐Paul 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThis article reviews a growing body of research that examines sleep among lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) populations. An extensive search of the literature was conducted using multiple medical and psychological search engine platforms. In total, this search yielded 31 reports that included sleep data collected from sexual and gender minority participants. Overall, research findings are mixed and include several publications of studies conducted in the same sample. Our review suggests that sleep health among LGBT individuals may be an unmet health need. Critically, sleep disturbances affected LGBT subgroups differently based on sex/gender and diverse sexual orientations (e.g., bisexual women). Although not directly tested, evidence from parallel LGBT health research suggests that minority stress may contribute to these observed sleep disparities and will need to be directly assessed in future studies. In sum, continued investigation of sleep disparities among sexual and gender minority communities is needed, as is the inclusion of sleep health in theoretical models of LGBT health disparities. Given the importance of sleep in overall mental and physical health, addressing sleep health may serve to promote and protect healthy functioning among LGBT individuals.
Evaluation of a Histoplasma antigen lateral flow assay for the rapid diagnosis of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in Colombian patients with AIDS
Authors: Cáceres Diego H. , Gómez Beatriz L. , Tobón Angela M. , Chiller Tom M. , Lindsley Mark D. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryBackgroundProgressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) is an important cause of mortality in persons living with HIV (PLHIV), especially in countries where patients have limited access to antiretroviral therapies and diagnostic testing.ObjectiveA lateral flow assay (LFA) to detect Histoplasma capsulatum antigen in serum developed by MiraVista® was evaluated.MethodsWe tested 75 serum samples: 24 from PLHIV and culture‐proven PDH and 51 from PLHIV with other fungal and bacterial infections as well as people without HIV. LFA devices were read manually (read by eye) and by an automated reader.ResultsWhen the LFA was read manually, sensitivity was 96% and specificity was 90%. When an automated reader was used, sensitivity was 92% and specificity was 94%. The Kappa index comparing manual and automated reader was 0.90. Cross‐reactions were observed principally in samples from patients with proven diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis.ConclusionsThe MiraVista® Diagnostics Histoplasma antigen LFA had high analytical performance and good agreement between manual and automated reader. This LFA allows Histoplasma antigen testing with minimal laboratory equipment and infrastructure requirements.
Antibiotic sensitivity and clinical outcomes in staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Authors: Wang Zixiao , Feig Jessica L. , Mannschreck Diana B. , Cohen Bernard A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStaphylococcal scalded skin syndrome causes widespread skin denudation primarily in infants < 1 year old. Selection of empiric therapy is complicated by rising rates of antibiotic resistance in community‐acquired staphylococcal infections. Consistent with a previous study, this retrospective review found that SSSS‐associated isolates were more likely to be clindamycin‐resistant and less likely to be methicillin‐resistant compared to overall staphylococcal infections. We favor cephalosporins and penicillinase‐resistant penicillins (eg, oxacillin) for empiric management of SSSS, with consideration of adding MRSA coverage in communities with high MRSA prevalence or failure to improve following several days of treatment.
Linking vein properties to leaf biomechanics across 58 woody species from a subtropical forest
Authors: Hua L. , He P. , Goldstein G. , Liu H. , Yin D. , Zhu S. , Ye Q. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Leaf venations have elements with relatively lower elasticity than other leaf tissue components, which are thought to contribute to leaf biomechanics. A better mechanistic understanding of relationships between vein traits and leaf mechanical properties is essential for ecologically relevant interpretation of leaf structural variations.

We investigated 13 major (first to third order) and minor (>third order) vein traits, six leaf mechanical properties and other structural traits across 58 woody species from a subtropical forest to elucidate how vein traits contribute to leaf biomechanics.

Across species, vein dry mass density (ρv), total vein dry mass per leaf area (VMA) and minor vein diameter (VDmin), but not the lower‐order vein density (VLA1•2), were positively correlated with leaf force to punch (Fp) and force to tear (Ft). Structural equation models showed that ρv and VDmin not only contribute to leaf mechanical properties directly (direct pathway), but also had impacts on leaf biomechanics by influencing leaf thickness and leaf dry mass per area (indirect pathway).

Our study demonstrated that vein dry mass density and minor vein diameter are the key vein properties for leaf biomechanics. We also suggest that the mechanical characteristics of venations are potential factors influencing leaf mechanical resistance, structure and leaf economics spectrum.
The serine protease inhibitors and SERPINE1/2 disrupt prostaglandin E2 production and hyaluronic acid retention in FSH‐stimulated pig cumulus–oocyte complexes
Authors: Blaha Milan , Nevoral Jan , Prochazka Radek 
Published: October 2019

ContentsThe serine proteases, tissue‐ and urokinase‐type plasminogen activators (PLAT and PLAU) and their inhibitors SERPINE1/2 are regulators of plasminogen to plasmin conversion. They are widely expressed in ovarian tissues, including granulosa and cumulus cells, and their expression is regulated by gonadotropins. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of serine protease inhibitors (aprotinin and AEBSF) and SERPINE1/2 on FSH‐induced cumulus cell expansion, the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and retention of hyaluronic acid (HA) in expanding cumulus. The serine protease activity proved to be essential for the production of PGE2 and also for the retention of HA; the inhibition of plasminogen activators by SERPINE1/2 had the same effect. Collectively, these data indicate that plasmin is required for proper function of expanding cumulus cells in vitro and presumably also in vivo in the pre‐ovulatory follicles.
Prevalence of chromosomal aberrations in breeding pigs in Spain
Authors: Sánchez‐Sánchez Raúl , Gómez‐Fidalgo Ernesto , Pérez‐Garnelo Sonia , Martín‐Lluch Mercedes , De la Cruz‐Vigo Paloma 
Published: October 2019

ContentsThe main aim of this study was to document the prevalence of chromosomal aberrations found to date on the pig population in Spain, a country in which this production sector has a critical role, being the fourth country in the world in pig production and the second one within the European Union. The total number of animals studied was 849, and the founded frequency of carrier pigs with chromosomal alterations was 3.8%. When only the structural alterations were considered, the prevalence in males was 3.3%. This percentage is far from the 0.5% of carrier boars that has been estimated in France, a country where there is a systematic cytogenetic screening of future breeding pigs since 1992. In order to avoid the productive and economic losses caused by karyotype alterations in breeding pigs, it would be important to establish a cytogenetic screening of breeding animals at artificial insemination centres and genetic selection farms.
Effect of chelating and antioxidant agents on morphology and DNA methylation in freeze‐drying rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) spermatozoa
Authors: Mercati Francesca , Domingo Paula , Pasquariello Rolando , Dall'Aglio Cecilia , Di Michele Alessandro , Forti Katia , Cocci Paolo , Boiti Cristiano , Gil Lidia , Zerani Massimo , Maranesi Margherita 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFreeze‐drying (FD) has been exhaustively tried in several mammalian species as an alternative technique to sperm cryopreservation, but few studies have been done in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The main objective of this study was to compare the protective effect of various antioxidants added to EDTA medium on structural and functional components of FD rabbit spermatozoa and on their status of global DNA methylation. FD media used were composed of basic FD medium (10 mM Tris‐HCl buffer and 50 mM NaCl) supplemented with either 50 mM EDTA alone (EDTA) or added with 105 µM of rosmarinic acid (RA, EDTA‐RA) or 10 µM of melatonin (MLT, EDTA‐MLT). The effect of each medium on the preservation of FD spermatozoon structure was evaluated with light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Global DNA methylation was quantified in all FD sperm samples as well as in fresh spermatozoa. Morphologically, fracture points were evidenced in the neck, mid and principal piece of the spermatozoon tail. No differences in spermatozoon fracture points were evidenced among FD treatments: intact spermatozoa were the largest (p < .01) category, whereas the most frequent (p < .01) injury was the neck fracture, resulting in tailless heads. At SEM, the head of spermatozoa showed a well‐conserved shape and intact membrane in all treatments. DNA methylation status was the same in all FD treatments. In conclusion, supplementation of EDTA, EDTA‐RA and EDTA‐MLT during FD preserved rabbit sperm morphological integrity and methylation status as well. Therefore, the difficulty of getting viable offspring using FD semen is likely unrelated to the impact of the lyophilization process on DNA methylation and morphology of lyophilized spermatozoa.
Architecture of a distal pre‐vegetation braidplain: Cambrian middle member of the Wood Canyon Formation, southern Marble Mountains, California, USA
Authors: Muhlbauer Jason G. , Fedo Christopher M. , Moersch Jeffrey E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractArchitectural element analysis and detailed mapping of a 300 m along‐strike exposure of the middle member Wood Canyon Formation, southern Marble Mountains, California, USA, provides new evidence for extensive braided–fluvial channel‐belt deposits with adjacent overbank environments. Three‐dimensional models constructed using ‘Structure from Motion’ techniques, combined with field‐based observations, allowed interpretation of outcrop‐scale trends, barforms, channel fills and fine‐scale features. The ca 80 m thick member is divisible into five distinct units, including units M1 to M3 that form the bulk of the stratigraphy. Units are defined by stacking patterns of three facies associations (Facies Association 1 to Facies Association 3), each representing the product of a subenvironment within the fluvial system. In Facies Association 1, stacked cosets, interpreted as low‐relief fluvial bars and channel fills, preserve vertical‐accretion and downstream‐accretion elements under unimodal north‐north‐west palaeoflow, with minor lateral accretion near bar edges. Deposits of Facies Association 2 to Facies Association 3, linked to overbank environments, are found only in unit M2, in the middle 27 m of the middle member. Floodplains, represented by Facies Association 2, include crumbly red‐orange intervals of fine to medium‐grained sandstone and thinner sets of cross‐bedding than Facies Association 1, interbedded with thicker cross‐stratification indicative of overbank splay or overland flow aggradation from adjacent channel belts during flood stage. Possible aeolian beds of Facies Association 3 preserve broad festooned trough cross‐strata that average 23 cm in thickness; their small size, medium‐grained sandstone and iron oxide cement suggest a high water table. The diverse assemblage of interpreted subenvironments, paired with bedform and facies patterns, implies a perennial fluvial system that gradually built large sand bars as the channel belt migrated and avulsed across an unconfined braided–fluvial reach, leaving the overbank area on its flanks subject to weathering and aeolian transport. Despite the occurrence of strata deposited in low‐energy and ponded settings, and a marine influence proposed for nearby sections of middle member, no ichnofossils were encountered.