bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Причины и последствия заключения русско-кашгарского торгового договора 1872 г.
Authors: Моисеев Сергей Владимирович 
Published: January 2020

Взаимоотношения России и уйгурского теократического государства Йэттишар, созданного в ходе мусульманского восстания уйгуров и дунган Синьцзяна в 60-70-х гг. ХГХ в., важная, но недостаточно изученная страница истории международных отношений в Центральной Азии.
Возникновение исламского государства в зоне соприкосновения интересов трех империй — России, Китая и Великобритании резко изменило политическую ситуацию в регионе. Оказавшись в новых условиях, Российская империя, стремившаяся к скорейшему укреплению своих позиций в Казахстане и Средней Азии, должна была определить свои внешнеполитические приоритеты. В итоге Россия заняла позицию нейтралитета в китайско-мусульманском противостоянии. При этом ситуация в пограничных районах так и не обрела стабильности. Новые соседи повели себя весьма вызывающе, что приковывало к себе внимание администрации Туркестанского края и постоянно вызывало новые отвлечения сил и средств. В то же время отношения с Китаем осложнились, при этом было необходимо разрешить проблему восстановления торгово-экономических связей и пограничного спора.
Таким образом, российская сторона была вынуждена отходить от строгого соблюдения позиции невмешательства в китайско-кашгарские дела. В итоге в основу налаживания отношений с новым мусульманским государством российским правительством были положены исключительно торгово-экономические интересы. От политических контактов, а тем более от официального признания государства Йэттишар — главной цели внешней политики Якуб-бека, правительство Российской империи категорически отказалось. Одним из значимых этапов формирования более или менее прозрачной конфигурации отношений с непредсказуемым правителем вновь созданного государственного образования является заключение русско-кашгарского торгового договора 1872 г.
AKTIVISME GERAKAN KEAGAMAAN DALAM KONTEKS KEBUDAYAAN : Antara Penegakan Syariat dan Anomali
Authors: Kurniawan Fuat Edi , Margiansyah Defbry 
Published: January 2020

This academic work discusses about an activism of the religious movement recently emerging as a response against Liberal Islam in Indonesia. The rise of such movement is interesting to be studied in order to search a deeper understanding on the relationship between expression of religious piety and culture in the context of Indonesia. This article focuses on the case of the enforcement to shut down a transgender Islamic school (Pesantren Waria) and the rejection of Easter celebration conducted by Religious forum in Yogyakarta. The analysis of the article’s identified problems are explained into three forms of conclusion; First, the phenomenon of religious movement activism is understood as a counter culture through which they set a standard of conduct derived from their own conception of truth. Second, there is construction of collective religious identity integrated with ethnic identity. Third, such religious identity construct is increasingly established as moral legitimacy in existing social order. As consequence, the movement perceives that the society no longer needs a set of values derived from external circumstances such as egalitarianism, humanity, gender justice, and others.Artikel ini membahas aktivisme gerakan keagamaan kontemporer yang akhir-akhir ini muncul sebagai respon balik terhadap Islam liberal di Indonesia. Kemunculan gerakan keagamaan ini menarik untuk dikaji sebagai pemahaman mengenai hubungan ekspresi kesalehan umat beragama dan konteks kebudayaan di Indonesia. Dalam artikel ini mengambil kasus di Yogyakarta yang dilakukan oleh forum keagamaan yang melakukan penutupan paksa pesantren waria dan penolakan acara paskah. Ketidaksesuaian produk kebudayaan dengan nilai-nilai agama dominan (Islam) menjadi alasan utama gerakan keagamaan yang cenderung radikal ini untuk melakukan tindakan-tindakan penolakan. Artikel ini mengidentifikasi setidaknya kedalam tiga kesimpulan; Pertama, fenomena aktivisme gerakan keagamaan dipahami sebagai deviant subculture, mereka menentukan standar berperilaku yang diyakini mereka sebagai kebenaran. Kedua, terbentuknya identitas kolektif keagamaan yang terintegrasi dengan identitas etnik. Ketiga, semakin kuatnya legitimasi moral dalam tatanan sosial. Mereka merasa tidak memerlukan lagi perangkat nilai lain yang datang dari luar, seperti nilai egaliter, kemanusiaan, dan keadilan.
THE DEATH OF EXPERTISE
Authors: Fitri Rizkia Annisa 
Published: January 2020

The death of expertise is an attack on the already established knowledge and adverse effects of half-half information in the community from the presence of Google, Wikipedia and blogs, many laymen who tend to degrade intellectually and advice from Experts. So feel quite satisfied with the information obtained from the media without the want to prove the truth and do not want to learn to find out. As if throwing science, damaging practices, and not willing to develop new science. Again the citizens were reluctant and felt already had enough information to make a decision. The death of expertise is not only the rejection of the already established knowledge, but the rejection of science and and the impartial rationality that is the basis of modern civilization. Most of the responses were shown against the presence of the Internet as a biang. Too simple, or lest this is just an anxiety among professional circles that occurs whenever there is a social or technological change. Without being denied, it is also possible that the death of expertise is a sign of progress.
THE VISION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN POLISH AND UKRAINIAN CORE CIRRICULA. ANALYSIS BASED ON THE HOFSTEDE 4-D MODEL
Authors: POPYK ANZHELA , ANNA PERKOWSKA-KLEJMAN ANNA 
Published: January 2020

National curricula are documents describing the knowledge, skills and social competences that students should acquire at the appropriate stages of education. In our article, we assume that these documents have the power to buttress the existing status quo or to change reality. Generally speaking, they are an attempt at transforming selected areas of culture in a deliberate, planned, and systemic manner.
This paper, by means of Hofstede’s 4-D model of cultural differences among societies (viz power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism versus collectivism, masculinity versus femininity), is aimed at studying the way Polish and Ukrainian national curricula define the educational processes and Teacher-Student relations, in order to reveal the correlation between the cultural differences and learning/teaching process in Poland and Ukraine. A critical discourse analysis of the two state curricula has been done to interpret their contents.
Die Integration der Bibliotheken Algeriens und Tunesiens in die Strukturen der internationalen Sozialwissenschaften
Authors: Tausch Arno 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel werden zwei in Europa praktisch vollständig unbekannte Bibliothekskatalogsysteme, die Algeriens und Tunesiens, vorgestellt, die wichtige Aufschlüsse über die Wissenschaftssituation dieser beiden Staaten mit ihrer so hohen geostrategischen Bedeutung erlauben. Es schließen sich Bemerkungen über die Katalogentwicklung in diesen Staaten an, und abschließend werden einige mögliche wissenschaftspolitische Schlussfolgerungen für die europäische kulturelle Außenpolitik gezogen.
The seaweed resources of Madagascar
Authors: Mollion Jean 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A preliminary survey of the economic seaweed exploitation in Madagascar was published in 1998. The present study is an update of the situation after the large scale development of Eucheumatoid cultivation in this country. It represents a floristic survey and it includes more seaweed species than previously described. The economic impact of this new and promising source of income on the local population is also discussed.
A method for the assessment of operational severity for a high
pressure turbine blade of an aero-engine
Authors: Haslam Anthony , Abu Abdullahi , Laskaridis Panagiotis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper provides a tool for the estimation of
the operational severity of a high pressure turbine blade
of an aero engine. A multidisciplinary approach using aircraft/
engine performance models which provide inputs to
a thermo-mechanical fatigue damage model is presented.
In the analysis, account is taken of blade size, blade
metal temperature distribution, relevant heat transfer coefficients and mechanical and thermal stresses. The leading
edge of the blade is selected as the critical part in the
estimation of damage severity for different design and operational
parameters. The study also suggests a method for
production of operational severity data for the prediction
of maintenance intervals.
A comparative study of the antidiabetic effect of two training protocols in streptozotocin-nicotinamide diabetic rats
Authors: Bayat Mohammad , Alaee Mona , Akbari Ahmad , Sadegh Mehdi , Latifi Seied Amirhossein , Parastesh Mohammad , Salehi Mehdi , Karami Hadi , Amri Jamal 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Physical inactivity is the major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of resistance training and endurance training on diabetic-related metabolic parameters in diabetic rats.

Materials and methods
Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of six rats each: control group (C), diabetic group (D), resistance training group (RES) and endurance training group (END). T2D was induced intraperitoneally using nicotinamide (120 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg). The training period was 70 days. The irisin, betatrophin, insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profiles were measured in the serum of all rats.

Results
Diabetes significantly increased serum levels of FBG (p < 0.001), which were decreased significantly after the administration of training (p < 0.001). Training administration had a significant effect in normalizing serum lipid profiles (p < 0.001) and it was shown to increase the serum levels of irisin, betatrophin (p < 0.001) and insulin (END: p < 0.001 and resistance training: p < 0.05). It was also found that the endurance training was more effective in improving this parameters when compared with resistance training (p < 0.05). In addition, the irisin revealed a significant positive association with betatrophin (END: p < 0.01 and resistance training: p < 0.05) and insulin (END: p < 0.01 and RES: p < 0.05) values in diabetic groups.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that endurance training was more effective in diabetic related metabolic derangement compared with resistance training. This effect is probably due to better regulation of irisin, betatrophin and insulin relative to resistance training.
Selected legal aspects of surrogacy
Authors: Honzová Ivana , Zemandlová Anna , Prudilová Leona , Prudil Lukáš 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The aim of this article is to analyse the Czech legislation applicable to surrogacy cases while considering some basic social aspects. First the basic facts of surrogacy as a medical reproductive technique are discussed. Surrogacy is also considered as a social trend, and in terms of selected social aspects, such as the growing number of couples interested in surrogacy and their social status. Nevertheless, the main goal of the paper is to analyse selected legal problems as regards surrogacy and the Czech legislation. Therefore, the authors describe the basic legal framework that has relevancy to surrogacy cases (establishing parenthood and adoption) and identify the most frequent problems concerning surrogacy applications using three model cases. In the concluding remarks the adequacy of Czech legislation is discussed.
Quality of life in children brought up by married and cohabiting couples
Authors: Popper Miroslav , Lukšík Ivan , Kanovský Martin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Under the Second Demographic Transition, alternative forms of living arrangement are on the rise. The aim of this article is to compare quality of life in children living in married and cohabiting families. We present the results of representative research conducted in Slovakia in 2018 (N = 1,010 respondents). We tested whether children brought up in traditional married families had better material resources and healthcare, fewer behavioural problems, better peer relations and spent more leisure time with their parents than children brought up by cohabiting parents. We also investigated whether number of children in the family and net monthly household income affected the children’s quality of life. The results show that there were almost no differences in quality of life between children brought up by married and by cohabiting parents and that number of children in the family and level of net monthly household income affected only the child’s material resources.
Two pictures of non-consumerism in the life of freegans
Authors: Lojdová Kateřina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The growing consumerism has its opponents. Among these are environmental activists within the freegan subculture. The goal of the study is to describe how freegans construct and practice non-consumerism. The qualitative research on the freegan subculture was conducted in Brno, the Czech Republic. Two main categories were identified. Each category is conceptualized as a “picture of non-consumerism”, showing how freegans construct and practice non-consumerism. “Individual modesty” is an inward non-consumerist strategy, aimed at the individual life careers of the subculture members, while “agents of social change” is an outward strategy, aimed at the general public and endeavouring to reduce consumerism in society.
Reputation and morality
Authors: Benziman Yotam 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The concept of reputation has hardly been analyzed by philosophers. My analysis presents a puzzle: reputation is a portrayal of who one is. However, it is dependent on others. This description contradicts David Oderberg’s analogy between reputation and property. I discuss the relation of reputation to gossip and conclude that we should take spreading information seriously. We should go back to the original meaning of gossip: the term “Godsib,” meaning godfather. In our global village we are all entrusted with other’s identities. We should pave our way with that information in a manner that would manifest great care. But this does not mean that these people are exempt from responsibility: the chain that ends in reputation starts with how you behave. It is your very identity that you entrust to other people—make sure to behave in a way that would result in the reputation you want to deserve.
Expressing friendship in letters: Conventionality and sincerity in the multilingual correspondence of nineteenth-century Catholic churchmen
Authors: De Toni Francesco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe relationship between the polite and conventional nature of friendly language and the sincerity of the writer’s feelings is a central topic in linguistic and historical research on friendship in epistolary communication. This relationship can be understood in the context of the emotional values and conventionalised emotional practices that characterise the writer’s emotional community.The language of friendship has a significant role in the history of letter writing in religious communities. However, epistolary and emotional practices among religious groups in the modern era remain a rather unexplored filed of research. In this regard, the nineteenth century is of particular interest, as it saw the consolidation of sincerity as a central notion in European standards of letter writing.Bringing together historical pragmatics and the history of emotions, this paper describes the forms and functions of sincerity in the negotiation of friendships between nineteenth-century Catholic churchmen. The article analyses a corpus of letters in Italian and Spanish from the multilingual correspondence of European Benedictine missionaries in Australia between the 1850s and the 1890s. The results of the analysis show that sincerity and emotional self-disclosure, while dependent on the pragmatic conventions of letter writing, belonged to cross-linguistic cultural scripts typical of religious communities.
Optically responsive delivery platforms: from the design considerations to biomedical applications
Authors: Koryakina Irina , Kuznetsova Daria S. , Zuev Dmitry A. , Milichko Valentin A. , Timin Alexander S. , Zyuzin Mikhail V. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Drug carriers with intelligent functions are powerful therapeutic and diagnostic platforms in curing various diseases such as malignant neoplasms. These functions include the remote noninvasive activation of drug using physical impacts, e.g. light exposure. Combination of different therapeutic modalities (chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and so forth) with light-responsive carriers enables promising synergetic effect in tumour treatment. The main goal of this review article is to provide the state of the art on light-sensitive delivery systems with the identification of future directions and their implementation in tumour treatment. In particular, this article reviews the general information on the physical and chemical fundamental mechanisms of interaction between light and carrier systems (e.g. plasmonic and dielectric nanoparticles), the design of optically responsive drug carriers (plain and composite), and the mechanisms of light-driven controlled release of bioactive compounds in biological environment. The special focus is dedicated to the most recent advances in optically responsive bioinspired drug vehicles.
Goge Africa: Preserving Indigenous Knowledge Innovatively through Mass Media Technology
Authors: Nduka Stella C. , Oyelude Adetoun A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper examines preservation of indigenous knowledge as a critical resource for the dissemination of information about Africa through mass media technology. Goge Africa is a Nigerian tourism and cultural television programme which uses media technology to preserve and showcase African heritage to the rest of the world. The reason for studying Goge is that it is currently the only outfit functioning as both a heritage institution and a privately owned fashion, music, and tourism company. It is based on content analysis of primary and secondary data. The primary data was obtained from four in-depth interviews conducted between the researchers and the brand manager and representative of Goge Africa as well as a face-to-face interview with the developers and hosts of Goge Africa, Isaac and Nneka Moses. Secondary data was obtained from relevant documents through an electronic search of databases. The findings reveal the innovative way the outfit has tried to preserve its heritage materials such as films, tapes, videos, and manuscripts. The challenges faced in the attempts to preserve indigenous knowledge were also revealed. Discussions suggest the need for intensive interest in the preservation of African indigenous knowledge. Preservation of indigenous knowledge should be promoted in all virtual communities and educational systems. It is recommended that governments and heritage institutions should commence plans to promote the preservation of indigenous knowledge in order to promote cultures and enhance indigenous knowledge sustainability.
Archiving Social Media at the Alexander Turnbull Library, Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa National Library of New Zealand
Authors: Lee Gillian , Love Valerie , Moran Jessica 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article explores projects by the Alexander Turnbull Library to collect social media materials that reflect contemporary New Zealand culture and life. The article focuses on projects to harvest Twitter content relating to the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake and the 2017 New Zealand General election, and the ATL100 Facebook Archive project, which piloted collecting personal Facebook account archives relating to Aotearoa New Zealand and the Pacific from the general public.
The effects of quantum spectrum of 4 + n-dimensional water around a DNA on pure water in four dimensional universe
Authors: Fioranelli Massimo , Sepehri Alireza , Roccia Maria Grazia , Ghasemi Mahdieh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Recently, a method for calculating the quantum spectrum of black holes has been proposed. We show that this method can be applied for radiations of 4 + n - dimensional water around a DNA. In this model, DNA acts like a black hole and produces a curved space-time in a water around it. In these conditions, molecules of water in four dimensional universe are entangled with some DNA-like structures in extra dimension. Consequently, the effects of structures of water in extra dimensions can be observed in four dimensions. The entangled structures emit some quantum spectrum which can be transmitted to pure waters. These waves produce a curved space-time in pure water and make an entanglement between structure of water on four and DNA-like structures in extra dimensions. As a result, some signatures of DNAs can be observed in pure water. This model helps us to understand the reason for the emergence of life on the earth. To explain the model better, we unify Darwin’s theory with string theory in a new Darwinian’s string theory. In this theory, a zero dimensional manifold decays into two types of closed strings. One type decays into open strings and then these strings join to each other and form cosmos. Another type decays into open strings which form biological matters like DNAs and molecules of water in universe and anti-DNAs and anti-water in anti-universe. Thus, DNAs and molecules water are connected to each other and anti-DNAs and molecules of anti-water in anti-universe through some closed strings. These strings helps to molecules of water to store their informations in extra dimension and have long time memory. Because, information that are transformed into extra dimensions through closed strings, could be returned into universe. Also, these closed strings could have the main role in DNA transduction. Because, they connect two tubes one including water and DNA and another pure water in universe to two tubes including anti-DNA and water in anti-universe and transform properties of DNA into pure water. As a result, Darwinian string theory can confirm both water memory and DNA transduction. Finally, this theory response to this question that why memory of water couldnt remain for a long time. In this model, open strings which connects atoms in universe with anti-atoms in anti-universe interact with open strings which connects molecules of water and anti-water and decrease their entanglement. This causes that exchanging information between water and anti-water decreases and memory is dis-appeared.
Non-Linearities and the Euler Equation: Does Uncertainty Have an Effect on the Approximation Quality?
Authors: Kranz Tobias 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Deriving a forward-looking Euler equation, this paper compares two fully identified non-linear versions. The difference (or bias) between them stems from an approximation by extracting parameters from the expectation values (Jensen’s inequality) as it is common practice in the literature. Furthermore, the model is completely identified using Consensus Forecasts data for the expectations, inflation-indexed bonds as a proxy for the long-run real interest rate, and estimates for the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. Regression analyses using data for three major economies reveal that the difference between the two Euler versions can be explained by uncertainty in the data itself and external uncertainty measures. The results confirm a connection between theoretical and empirical higher-order moments in economic models.