bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Caffeine at Different Concentrations on Behavior and Motor Activity in Mice
Authors: Saadawi Sakina S. , Alennabi Khairi A. , Baayo Sumaya , Fares Amera , Alosta Najwa , Aburawi Suher M. 
Published: April 2020

Aims: This article aimed to study the effect of different caffeine concentrations on behaviour and motor activity of mice.
Place and Duration of Study: This study took place in Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, and was conducted between 2017 to 2018.
Methodology: The experiment was carried out using 24 male mice (25-30 gm). Plus maze was used for screening antianxiety effect of caffeine. While swimming maze was used to test the antidepressant effect. Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS (version 22), followed by one sample Kolmogorov-Simirnov test. One-Way ANOVA was applied to compare between groups and Post Hoc test (LSD).
Results: At a dose of 100 mg/kg, caffeine produce significant decrease in the duration of immobility using forced swimming maze; while the lower (25 mg/kg) and the higher (200 mg/kg) doses did not produce any changes compared to the control. In plus maze, Caffeine decreases the anxiety measure at the dose used of 100 mg/kg; but did not change the anxiety measure when lower (25 mg/kg) or higher (200 mg/kg) doses used compared to the control. The spontaneous motor activity was decreased significantly after administration of the higher dose of 200 mg/kg; the lower dose (25 mg/kg) showed insignificant increase, while the dose of 100 mg/kg produce insignificant decrease in the spontaneous motor activity.
Conclusion: Caffeine has dose dependent effect, in a dose 100 mg/kg it produce anxiolytic and antidepressant like action, while lower (25 mg/kg) and higher (200 mg/kg) doses did not show any changes. Caffeine also produce dose dependent decrease in the spontaneous motor activity, this indicate that caffeine produce CNS depression with higher doses.
Buoyancy-Induced MHD Stagnation Point Flow of Williamson Fluid with Thermal Radiation
Authors: Ouru J. O. , Mutuku W. N. , Oke A. S. 
Published: April 2020

Flow of fluids subjected to thermal radiation has enormous application in polymer processing, glass blowing, cooling of nuclear reactant and harvesting solar energy. This paper considers the MHD stagnation point flow of non-Newtonian pseudoplastic Williamson fluid induced by buoyancy in the presence of thermal radiation. A system of nonlinear partial differential equations suitable to describe the MHD stagnation point flow of Williamson fluid over a stretching sheet is formulated and then transformed using similarity variables to boundary value ordinary differential equations. The graphs depicting the effect of thermal radiation parameter, buoyancy and electromagnetic force on the fluid velocity and temperature of the stagnation point flow are given and the results revealed that increase in buoyancy leads to an increase in the overall velocity of the flow but a decrease in the temperature of the flow.
The international Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH): mental health aspects of its use in rehabilitation
Authors: Üstün TB , van Duuren-Kristen S , Bertolote J , Cooper JE , Sartorius N 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThis paper summarizes several issues related to the mental health aspects of the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH) and its use in the field of rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is characterized by multiple interventions, demanding extensive communication and coordination among different care providers. The ICIDH will be useful in the field of rehabilitation by providing a sound framework for consequences of diseases or disorders if clear descriptions and assessment guidelines of the categories are given. The development of dedicated assessment instruments linked to the ICIDH will be useful to many health workers to assess the needs of the patients, to evaluate services and to measure the outcomes of rehabilitation interventions, thus creating a common language for disablements.
Women's health: the unfinished agenda
Authors: Tinker Anne 
Published: July 2002

AbstractImproving women's health and nutrition could save millions of women in developing countries from needless suffering or premature death. Cost‐effective health interventions exist to prevent this loss of lives. Complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death and disability among women of reproductive age in developing countries. Malnutrition is a major contributory factor to women's poor health and preventable mortality. Domestic violence, sexual abuse, and female genital mutilation carry a heavy physical and mental toll, as well as constitute an intolerable violation of human rights. Women's health is influenced by complex biological, social, and cultural factors that are highly interrelated. Significant progress can be achieved by strengthening and expanding an essential package of health services for women, improving the policy environment, and promoting more positive attitudes and behavior towards women's health.
Factors affecting postoperative pregnancy rate after endoscopic management of large endometriomata
Authors: Milingos S , Kallipolitis G , Loutradis D , Liapi A , Drakakis P , Antsaklis A , Michalas S 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To identify factors influencing postoperative pregnancy rate in women with extensive endometriosis and large endometriomata as the only identified cause of infertility that were treated by laparoscopy. Method: Sixty‐four infertile patients with endometriomata (≥3 cm) and no other apparent cause of infertility. The latter were removed by operative laparoscopy. Life table calculations, the Student's t‐test and the χ2 test were used where appropriate. Result: Thirty‐four patients (53%) became pregnant during the 2‐year follow‐up period. A significantly increased pregnancy rate was found for the first year compared to the second (76 vs. 24%). The existence of adhesions affected adversely the outcome of the operation only as far as early achievement of pregnancy is considered. The number and size of endometriomata and the existence of peritoneal implants have not been found to affect pregnancy rates. The severity of the disease did not affect pregnancy rate, but in the cases with moderate disease most of the pregnancies were achieved during the first postoperative year. The duration of infertility was significantly associated only at the 10% level with decreased pregnancy rates. Conclusion: Extensive endometriosis with large endometriomata can be safely and effectively treated with laparoscopy using the traditional laparoscopic tools providing the infertile patient with a high chance to conceive in a relatively short period of time postoperatively.
An evaluation of the relationship between management practices and computer aided design technology
Authors: Malhotra Manoj K , Heine Michelle L , Grover Varun 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTechnology has been the engine of growth for the United States economy over the last decade, and it is reasonable to expect that appropriate selection and management of technology within the firm would continue to be highly critical to its success well into the future. Operations managers constantly struggle to seek answers to the right set of managerial actions that can be used to leverage technology for process effectiveness. This study takes a step in that direction by empirically examining the management of computer aided design (CAD) technology and outcomes of the product design process within manufacturing firms. In particular, the level of functionality and sophistication of the CAD system are examined with respect to the use of several structural and infrastructural management levers such as the degree of a firm’s formalization and decentralization, the extent of the use of teams, the extent of training of CAD designers, and the equity of the incentives within the product design process. The influence of these management levers upon the CAD system performance is analyzed through the use of moderated regression analysis conducted on a cross‐sectional data of 143 firms representing the vehicular industry in the USA. Our findings indicate that CAD functionality and sophistication are positively related to product design quality, flexibility, and overall performance. The impact of management levers on this relationship is a mixed one. Decentralization has no impact on the CAD technology–performance relationship, formalization has some positive effects, and the use of teams is helpful only in moderating the influence of sophistication on overall performance. Equity of incentives enhances design quality, while training is very important in improving performance across the board. In general, sophisticated “state of the art” CAD systems require much more proactive management than highly functional ones. Recommendations emerging from this study hopefully provide insights into a better management of not only CAD systems, but other process level technologies as well that are relevant to firms in the manufacturing sector. We also discuss implications of technology management provided by this research for creating leading edge enterprises.
Medroxyprogesterone acetate alone or synergistic with chemotherapy suppresses colony formation and DNA synthesis in C6 glioma in vitro
Authors: Altinoz Meric A. , Bilir Ayhan , Ozar Engin , Onar Funda Durmaz , Sav Aydin 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe have studied the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on C6 glioma growth in vitro in order to prove the hypothesis that it could arrest growth and induce drug sensitisation in a glial tumour as it does in breast cancer cells. Plating, thymidine‐labelling index, ultra‐structure, and soft agar colony growth were determined after incubation with MPA, and/or cisplatin, procarbazine and methotrexate (MTX). MPA (1 μg/ml) reduced the thymidine‐labelling index by 41 and 73% at 48 and 96 h, respectively, and decreased colony growth by 61%. Soft agar colony inhibition by MPA was almost as potent as MTX (0.3 μg/ml), but the latter drug showed very high cytotoxicity. Electron microscopy revealed that in medroxyprogesterone treated cells myeloid bodies developed, but MTX treatment caused mainly necrosis. Medroxyprogesterone increased procarbazine and cisplatin‐induced colony growth and S‐phase inhibition, but reduced MTX‐induced thymidine‐labelling inhibition. In conclusion, progesterone may inhibit growth and sensitize to drugs.
The treatment of anxiety disorders: a legacy of William Sargant
Authors: Gelder MG 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIn 1962 William Sargant and his colleagues described the therapeutic value of phenelzine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), in chronic anxiety disorders and in the same year Klein and Fink reported the treatment of similar conditions with imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant. Subsequent research has confirmed these findings and demonstrated the range of similar drugs that are effective in anxiety disorders. At the time of these original observations about the drug treatment of anxiety, there were no psychological treatments of proven value but in the intervening years much progress has been made in developing behavioural and cognitive procedures. The progress in determining the mode of action of these pharmacological and psychological treatments is reviewed and the implications of the findings are considered in relation to research into the causes of the anxiety disorders and to the treatment of patients.
Delayed onset of action of antidepressant drugs? Survey of recent results
Authors: Stassen H.H. , Angst J , Delini-Stula A 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe onset of action of antidepressant drugs was investigated on the basis of two independent multicenter, double-blind efficacy studies comparing amitriptyline (n= 120), oxaprotiline (n= 120), imipramine (n= 506) and moclobemide (n= 580) with placebo (n= 189 + 191). The samples consisted of in- and outpatients diagnosed, according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-III criteria, as suffering from major depressive disorder. Measures of efficacy criteria were the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression scale. By using the Sustained Relative Improvement (SRI) criterion, onset of action was determined in each individual patient as that time point in the 30 day observation period at which a 20% baseline score reduction was achieved without subsequent deterioration. Analogously, a response to treatment was defined as a 50% baseline score reduction. As expected, highly significant differences between active drugs and placebo were found with respect to the total number of improvers and responders. Significant differences between treatment modalities surfaced in the percentage rate as well as the time distribution of premature withdrawals. Yet, unexpectedly, among improvers, the time spans to onset of improvement were found to be independent of treatment modality as indicated by virtually identical cumulative percentages of improvers throughout the whole observation period. The picture was essentially the same for the HAM-A and Zung assessments, except for a significant time lag between observer- and self-ratings. In particular, our analyses revealed no evidence for a delayed onset of action under various antidepressants with large biochemical and pharmacological differences in comparison to placebo. Moreover, the early onset of improvement was highly predictive of later outcome: on average, 70% of the patients showing improvement within the first 14 days became responders. Applying survival-analytical methods, we found that differences between active treatments and placebo emerged within the first 5 days and reached a point of maximum distinction around day 14. After this time point, differences between treatment modalities remained constant until the end of the observation period. According to our data, 20–25% of the patients were, on average, ‘true’ drug responders, thus suggesting that the therapeutic qualities of antidepressants do not lie in the suppression of symptoms, but rather are related to their ability to elicit and maintain certain conditions which allow recovery in a subgroup of patients who would otherwise remain non-responders.
Field and simulation‐based assessment of vetivergrass bioenergy feedstock production potential in Texas
Authors: Meki Manyowa N. , Kiniry James R. , Worqlul Abeyou W. , Kim SuMin , Williams Amber S. , Osorio Javier M. , Reilley John 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVetivergrass [Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty] is a multi‐purpose crop that has an untapped potential for biofuel production. We conducted a field study at Temple, TX, to determine plant growth characteristics that make vetivergrass an ideal candidate bioenergy feedstock crop. Overall, the high biomass yield (avg. 18.4 ± 0.7 Mg ha−1) can be attributed to the high leaf area index (LAI, avg. 12.7 ± 2.5) and crop growth rates that ranged from 2.7 ± 0.1 to 15.7 ± 0.1 g m−2 d−1. Plant tissue N and P concentrations ranged from 0.59–1.66% and 0.06–0.15%, respectively. Surprisingly, the radiation use efficiency (RUE, avg. 2.2 ± 0.1 g MJ−1) was not high relative to other highly productive grasses. Biomass yield was highly correlated to plant height (avg. 2.1 ± 0.1 m) and LAI (Pearson, r = 0.96 and 0.77, respectively). Data from the field experiment provided plant coefficients that were used to develop an Agricultural Land Management Alternatives with Numerical Assessment Criteria (ALMANAC) vetivergrass model to assess dryland and irrigated interannual and spatial biomass yields across Texas. ALMANAC simulated dryland and irrigated yields ranged from 0.8–39.3 (avg. 17.2) Mg ha−1 and 9.1–47.0 (avg. 25.4) Mg ha−1, respectively. There was huge spatial variation in dryland and irrigated yields, with CV values of 20 and 15%, respectively. Similarly, dryland and irrigated inter‐annual yields respectively had CV values of 25 and 17%. State‐wide simulation model assessments complement field studies, and furthermore allow bioenergy companies and investors to better estimate biofuel feedstock potential for new crops such as vetivergrass.
Cover crop productivity and subsequent soybean yield in the western Corn Belt
Authors: Koehler‐Cole Katja , Elmore Roger W. , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Francis Charles A. , Shapiro Charles A. , Proctor Christopher A. , Ruis Sabrina J. , Heeren Derek M. , Irmak Suat , Ferguson Richard B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCover crops (CC) in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations may prevent N loss and provide other ecosystem services but CC productivity in the western Corn Belt is limited by the short growing season. Our objective was to assess CC treatment and planting practice effects on CC biomass, spring soil nitrate concentrations, and soybean yield at two rainfed sites in eastern and one irrigated site in south‐central Nebraska over 4 yr. Cover crop treatments (cereal rye [Secale cereale L.] [RYE] and a mix of rye, legume, and brassica species [MIX]) were planted by broadcast interseeding into corn stands in September (pre‐harvest broadcast) or drilling after corn harvest (post‐harvest drilled) and terminated 2 wk before planting soybean. Cover crop biomass and N uptake varied between years, but generally at the eastern sites, pre‐harvest broadcasting produced more biomass than post‐harvest drilling (1.64 and 0.79 Mg ha−1, respectively) and had greater N uptake (37 and 24 kg ha−1, respectively). At the south‐central site, post‐harvest drilling produced more than pre‐harvest broadcasting (1.44 and 1.20 Mg ha−1, respectively). RYE had more biomass than MIX (1.41 and 1.09 Mg ha−1, respectively), but the same N uptake. Soil nitrate reductions after CC were small. In 3 of 12 site‐years, soybean yielded less after pre‐harvest CC. Yield reductions were not correlated to CC biomass, but were likely due to greater weed pressure. High CC productivity is necessary for high N uptake, and requires site‐specific selection of planting practice and CC treatments.
The aging common marmoset's immune system: From junior to senior
Authors: Mietsch Matthias , Paqué Kristina , Drummer Charis , Stahl‐Hennig Christiane , Roshani Berit 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe social, health, and economic challenges of a steadily increasing aging population demand the use of appropriate translational animal models to address questions like healthy aging, vaccination strategies, or potential interventions during the aging process. Due to their genetic proximity to humans, especially nonhuman primates (NHPs) with a relatively short generation period compared to humans, qualify as excellent animal models for these purposes. The use of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) in gerontology research steadily increased over the last decades, yet important information about their aging parameters are still missing. We therefore aimed to characterize their aging immune system by comprehensive flow cytometric phenotyping of blood immune cells from juvenile, adult, aging, and geriatric animals. Aged and geriatric animals displayed clear signs of immunosenescence. A decline in CD4/CD8 ratio, increased expression of HLA‐DR and PD‐1, higher frequencies of CD95+ memory cells, alterations in cytokine secretion, and a decline in the proliferative capacity proved T cell senescence in aging marmosets. Also, the B cell compartment was affected by age‐related changes: while overall B cell numbers remained stable with advancing age, expression of the activation marker CD80 increased and immunoglobulin M expression decreased. Interestingly, marmoset B cell memory subset distribution rather mirrored the human situation than that of other NHP. CD21+ CD27− naïve B cell frequencies decreased while those of CD21− CD27− tissue memory B cells increased with age. Furthermore, frequencies and numbers of NK cells as part of the innate immune system declined with advancing age.Thus, the observed immunological changes in common marmosets over their life span revealed several similarities to age‐related changes in humans and encourages further studies to strengthen the common marmoset as a potential aging model.
Spectrally Combined Encoding for Profiling Heterogeneous Circulating Tumor Cells Using a Multifunctional Nanosphere‐Mediated Microfluidic Platform
Authors: Wu Ling‐Ling , Zhang Zhi‐Ling , Tang Man , Zhu Dong‐Liang , Dong Xiao‐Juan , Hu Jiao , Qi Chu‐Bo , Tang Hong‐Wu , Pang Dai‐Wen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractComprehensive phenotypic profiling of heterogeneous circulating tumor cells (CTCs) at single‐cell resolution has great importance for cancer management. Herein, a novel spectrally combined encoding (SCE) strategy was proposed for multiplex biomarker profiling of single CTCs using a multifunctional nanosphere‐mediated microfluidic platform. Different cellular biomarkers uniquely labeled by multifunctional nanosphere barcodes, possessing identical magnetic tags and distinct optical signatures, enabled isolation of heterogeneous CTCs with over 91.6 % efficiency and in situ SCE of phenotypes. By further trapping individual CTCs in ordered microstructures on chip, composite single‐cell spectral signatures were conveniently and efficiently obtained, allowing reliable spectral‐readout for multiplex biomarker profiling. This SCE strategy exhibited great potential in multiplex profiling of heterogeneous CTC phenotypes, offering new avenues for cancer study and precise medicine.
Design of electrical conductive poly(lactic acid)/carbon black composites by induced particle aggregation
Authors: Kim Ji Hwan , Hong Joung Sook , Ahn Kyung Hyun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe electrical conductivity of ternary composites composed of a biopolymer blend with conductive particles (carbon black [CB]) is induced by the control of particle dispersion in the dispersed phase. If the CB particles have higher chemical affinity for the secondary phase (poly(caprolactone) [PCL]]) than the matrix (poly(lactic acid) [PLA]), especially as the concentration of the PCL phase decreases significantly to 4 wt%, the PCL phase induces the aggregation of CB particles beyond the selective localization, resulting in a shift of the particle percolation threshold to a lower concentration of particles (2.44 wt% CB). Moreover, the mixing ratio between the CB and the PCL phase significantly affects the formation of percolation of particles. When the mixing ratio of CB to PCL is equivalent (1:1), the ternary composite shows high electrical DC conductivity above 1 S/m with 10 wt% CB. The addition of a small amount of PCL induces the formation of particle aggregates with a high aspect ratio, providing more electron transfer pathways due to the multiple points of contact between the particle aggregates (power law scaling exponent of the composites ~2.14). Meanwhile, a binary composite (PLA/CB) never reaches high electrical conductivity of 1 S/m and even requires a greater concentration of CB (13 wt% CB for 10−3 S/m) to accomplish electron transfer because of the small aspect ratio of randomly dispersed particle aggregates (power law scaling exponent ~3.20).