bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Experiential Learning in Airway Management
Authors: Chandran Rajkumar , Koo Seok Hwee , Lim Yin Yu , Ramadorai Ashok , Tan Alvin Kah Leong , Singh Prit Anand , Negar Asadi , Lai Juen Bin 
Published: September 2020

Introduction
Failure of airway management remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Advanced airway management has been addressed effectively by simulation-based training. However, simulation of difficult airways in manikins is limited by the pre-set conditions provided by the manufacturer. Life-like conditions in the form of the softness of the tissue and true anatomy as seen in cadaver models are needed to create simulated models with a closer resemblance to real patients. The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of simulating difficult airway from submandibular abscess in cadaver models by surgical modification of the cadaver heads for use in enhanced experiential learning of the management of difficult airways.

Methods
The cadaver heads were modified surgically to simulate a submandibular abscess. The models were used in an airway course where participants provided feedback on the realistic nature of the model and its benefits for difficult airway training. The ease of tracheal intubation of the models with the assistance of video laryngoscopy was assessed.

Results
The modified cadavers were acceptable in simulating difficult airway as demonstrated by the feedback from the participants. All participants (100% [95% confidence interval = 89.1%–100%]) found the models to be realistic and beneficial for difficult airway training. A good proportion (56.3%) felt that the intubation technique was made easier with the video laryngoscopy.

Conclusions
Cadavers can be modified to simulate pathologies associated with difficult airways. These models can be used to enhance experiential learning and the management of difficult airways.
Impact of universal masking in health care and community on SARS-CoV-2 spread
Authors: Pletz MW , Steiner A , Kesselmeier M , Löffler B , Trommer S , Weis S , Maschmann J , Stallmach A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUniversal masking the health care setting and in the community to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been recently recommended by the WHO, but supporting data are rare. The City of Jena was the first community in Germany to issue an order on mandatory public masking. Here, we report the development of the number of novel infections in our hospital and in the city of Jena after implementation of universal masking in our hospital and the city.
Discrimination of breast cancer from healthy breast tissues using a three-component diffusion-weighted MRI model
Authors: Andreassen Maren M. Sjaastad , Rodríguez-Soto Ana E. , Conlin Christopher C. , Vidić Igor , Seibert Tyler M. , Wallace Anne M. , Zare Somaye , Kuperman Joshua , Abudu Boya , Ahn Grace S. , Hahn Michael , Jerome Neil P. , Østlie Agnes , Bathen Tone F. , Ojeda-Fournier Haydee , Goa Pål Erik , Rakow-Penner Rebecca , Dale Anders M. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTPurposeDiffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) is a contrast-free modality that has demonstrated ability to discriminate between pre-defined benign and malignant breast lesions. However, the ability of DW-MRI to discriminate cancer tissue from all other breast tissues in a clinical setting is unknown. Here we explore the ability to distinguish breast cancer from healthy breast tissues using signal contributions from the newly developed three-component multi-b-value DW-MRI model.Experimental designPathology-proven breast cancer patients from two datasets (n=81 and n=25) underwent multi-b-value DW-MRI. The three-component signal contributions C1 and C2 and their product, C1C2, were compared to the image defined on maximum b-value (DWImax), conventional apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and apparent diffusion kurtosis (Kapp). Ability to discriminate between cancer and healthy breast tissues was assessed by the false positive rate given sensitivity of 80% (FPR80) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC).ResultsMean FPR80 for both datasets was 0.016 (95%CI=0.008–0.024) for C1C2, 0.136 (95%CI=0.092–0.180) for C1, 0.068 (95%CI=0.049–0.087) for C2, 0.159 (95%CI=0.114–0.204) for DWImax, 0.731 (95%CI=0.692–0.770) for ADC and 0.684 (95%CI=0.660–0.709) for Kapp. Mean ROC AUC for C1C2 was 0.984 (95%CI=0.977–0.991).ConclusionsThe three-component model yields a clinically useful discrimination between cancer and healthy breast tissues, superior to other DW-MRI methods and obliviating pre-defining lesions by radiologists. This novel DW-MRI method may serve as non-contrast alternative to standard-of-care dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI); removing the need to administer Gadolinium contrast decreases scan time and any accumulation of Gadolinium in the brain.
A computational systems biology approach identifies SLUG as a mediator of partial Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)
Authors: Subbalakshmi Ayalur Raghu , Sahoo Sarthak , Biswas Kuheli , Jolly Mohit Kumar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEpithelial-mesenchymal plasticity comprises of reversible transitions among epithelial, hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) and mesenchymal phenotypes, and underlies various aspects of aggressive tumor progression such as metastasis, therapy resistance and immune evasion. The process of cells attaining one or more hybrid E/M phenotypes is termed as partial EMT. Cells in hybrid E/M phenotype(s) can be more aggressive than those in either fully epithelial or mesenchymal state. Thus, identifying regulators of hybrid E/M phenotypes is essential to decipher the rheostats of phenotypic plasticity and consequent accelerators of metastasis. Here, using a computational systems biology approach, we demonstrate that SLUG (SNAIL2) – an EMT-inducing transcription factor – can inhibit cells from undergoing a complete EMT and thus stabilizing them in hybrid E/M phenotype(s). It expands the parametric range enabling the existence of a hybrid E/M phenotype, thereby behaving as a phenotypic stability factor (PSF). Our simulations suggest that this specific property of SLUG emerges from the topology of the regulatory network it forms with other key regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. Clinical data suggests that SLUG associates with worse patient prognosis across multiple carcinomas. Together, our results indicate that SLUG can stabilize hybrid E/M phenotype(s).
The tricuspid valve also maladapts: A multiscale study in sheep with biventricular heart failure
Authors: Meador William D , Mathur Mrudang , Sugerman Gabriella P , Malinowski Marcin , Jazwiec Tomasz , Wang Xinmei , Lacerda Carla MR , Timek Tomasz A , Rausch Manuel K 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe set out to determine the tricuspid valve’s propensity to (mal)adapt in disease.BackgroundTricuspid regurgitation (TR) is generally considered secondary to right and/or left ventricular disease without organic failure. Interestingly, we and others have previously shown the mitral valve (mal)adapts in functional mitral regurgitation, which may warrant reconsideration of its functional etiology. Whether the tricuspid valve similarly (mal)adapts is mostly unknown.MethodsWe evaluated the (mal)adaptive response of tricuspid valve anterior leaflets (TVALs) from an ovine model in which over-pacing (19 ± 6 days) induced biventricular heart failure and TR (tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, TIC, n=33) and compared findings to those from a control group (n=17). In both groups, we performed proteomics, immunohistochemistry, histology, two-photon microscopy, collagen assays, leaflet thickness and morphology measurements, and biaxial mechanical tests.ResultsWe found metabolically active resident valvular cells in TIC TVALs which expressed activation and turnover markers. In TIC TVALs, we observed a 140% increase in collagen content (p=0.016), increased collagen dispersion regionally (p=0.017), a 130% increase in leaflet area (p=0.002), a 140% increase in thickness (p=0.006), and a 130% increase in radial stiffness (p=0.006).ConclusionsOur data suggest that TVALs (mal)adapt during TIC on all scales. This response is likely initiated by activated valvular cells, resulting in collagen turnover, and ultimately leading to thickening, area increase, and stiffening. Our data motivates future studies on the exact pathways leading to tricuspid (mal)adaptation and pharmacological therapeutic strategies for TR.Condensed AbstractIn most cases, tricuspid regurgitation is presumed to originate from valve extrinsic factors. We challenge this paradigm and hypothesize that the tricuspid valve maladapts, rendering the valve at least partially culpable for its dysfunction. As such, we set out to demonstrate that the tricuspid valve, indeed, maladapts in an ovine model of heart disease. In the anterior leaflets, we found alterations on the protein and cell-level, leading to maladaptation in the form of tissue growth, thickening, and stiffening. Our findings may initially motivate mechanistic pathway studies, and in the future, leaflet-targeted pharmacological therapeutic options for tricuspid regurgitation.
First report of emerging snake fungal disease caused by Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola from Asia in imported captive snakes in Japan
Authors: Takami Yoshinori , Une Yumi , Mitsui Ikki , Hemmi Chizuka , Takaki Youki , Hosoya Tsuyoshi , Nam Kyung-Ok 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSnake fungal disease (SFD) (Ophidiomycosis) is an emerging infectious disease caused by the fungus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola which has been affecting wild and captive snakes in North America, Europe, and Australia. We report the cases of 12 imported captive colubrid snakes in Japan suspected of having SFD. Pathological and microbiological examinations were performed, and the results confirmed the diagnosis of SFD in two snakes, which indicated that the remaining sympatrically raised snakes also had SFD since they exhibited similar lesions. The oral administration of ciprofloxacin in addition to itraconazole had a significant treatment effect. This is the first report of SFD in Asia caused by O. ophiodiicola. To prevent the expansion of SFD in the natural environment in Japan, there is a need to evaluate the SFD carrier status of imported snakes, the pathogenicity of the infection in native snakes, and the prevalence and distribution of SFD in wild and captive snakes. Measures also must be taken to prevent endemicity globally.
Identification of germ cell-specificMgavariant mRNA that promotes meiotic entry via impediment of a non-canonical PRC1
Authors: Kitamura Yuka , Uranishi Kousuke , Hirasaki Masataka , Nishimoto Masazumi , Suzuki Ayumu , Okuda Akihiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTransition from mitosis to meiosis in cell division is a fundamental process of gametogenesis. This transition is thought to be largely controlled by the exchange of relative dominance between positive and negative regulation by the retinoic acid/Stra8 signal cascade and a non-canonical PRC1 (PRC1.6), respectively. We have previously demonstrated that germ cells have transcriptionally and/or post-translationally reduced levels of MAX, a component of PRC1.6, immediately prior to meiotic onset, leading to alleviation of the negative effect of PRC1.6 against meiotic onset. Here, we found that germ cells producedMgavariant mRNA bearing a premature termination codon (PTC) during meiosis as an additional mechanism to impede the function of PRC1.6. Our data indicated that spermatocytes and/or round spermatids produced an anomalous MGA protein lacking the bHLHZ domain from the variant mRNA and therefore functioned as a dominant negative regulator of PRC1.6 by exquisitely using their inefficient background of PTC-mediated nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Thus, our data indicate that meiotic onset of male germ cells is controlled in a multi-layered manner in which both MAX and MGA, which constitute the core of PRC1.6 by their interaction, are at least used as targets to deteriorate the integrity of the complex to ensure initiation of meiosis.Significance StatementPRC1.6, a non-canonical PRC1, functions as a strong blocker of meiotic onset. Therefore, germ cells need to alleviate the function of the complex as a prerequisite for meiotic onset. The MGA/MAX heterodimer not only constitutes a core of PRC1.6, but also confers direct DNA-binding activity to the complex. We have previously demonstrated that germ cells reduce Max amounts prior to meiotic onset to inactivate PRC1.6. In this study, we explored the possibility of an additional molecular mechanism that promotes meiotic onset via impediment of PRC1.6 functions as a safeguard system. Here, we demonstrate that meiotic germ cells specifically generate variantMgamRNA by alternative splicing, which leads to production of a dominant negative regulator of PRC1.6.
MNEs from emerging markets: a review of the current literature through “bibliographic coupling” and social network analysis
Authors: García-Lillo Francisco , Claver Enrique , Marco-Lajara Bartolomé , Seva-Larrosa Pedro , Ruiz-Fernández Lorena 
Published: September 2020

PurposeIn recent years, author and document citation and co-citation analyses have often been applied to map the “intellectual structure” of different scientific fields, including management and international business. However, the technique of bibliographic coupling between scientific documents, which seeks to identify active research fronts in a scientific field or discipline, has been less commonly used. This study utilized this technique to identify and visualize the research fronts in the context of papers on emerging markets multinational enterprises (EM-MNEs) recently published in a wide variety of journals. The aim is not only to complement and expand the results obtained in prior studies that have used other types of systematization, such as qualitative content analysis methodology but also to propose avenues for future research.Design/methodology/approachThe primary databases utilized to carry out the present research work – both comprised in the Web of Science™ (WoS) Core Collection – were: the Social Sciences Citation Index® (SCI) developed by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and the Emerging Sources Citation Index. A total of 496 “peer-reviewed journal articles” published between 2014 and December 30, 2019 were retrieved. With regards to the methodology, bibliometric methods were utilized, as well as social network analysis (SNA).FindingsParticularly, the analytical techniques employed – adopting a “quantitative” method of a deductive character – allowed the identification of the most active research “fronts” in international research related to the topic under analysis: the phenomenon of EM-MNEs.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study has several limitations resulting from the utilization of bibliometric methods applied in the analyses performed.Originality/valueThe authors believe that this research is of value for future researchers since it allows the identification of research “fronts,” which shape the vanguard of knowledge and reveal current trends and future directions in the area under examination.
Supporting English learners in secondary social studies classrooms through collaboration
Authors: Pellegrino Anthony , Brown Clara Lee 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe number of English learners (ELs) has increased dramatically in the public schools across the nation. In 2000, 3.8 m students, or approximately 8% of the US public school student population, were identified as ELs. In 2016, the number reached 4.9 m or 9.6% of the general student population. In some states, the rise in the EL population has been even more pronounced. Their increased presence in content classes poses opportunities as well as great challenges for teachers. As these learners are learning fundamental language skills, they are also responsible for learning content and skills associated with various disciplines. In social studies, it includes developing a foundational understanding of US history, geography and government, while also developing the ability to comprehend, analyze and evaluate complex informational texts, which include contextualized language, low-incidence concepts and discrete facts.Design/methodology/approachOne way schools are adapting practice for ELs is through collaboration between general education and EL resource teachers. This article reports findings from interviews with a high school social studies teacher and an English as a second language (ESL) colleague.FindingsThe collaboration between these two teachers illustrated how specific strategies thoughtfully designed, yet sensibly implemented, can help teachers feel effective and empowered in their social studies classes. Their story also highlighted ways they have worked together in spite of the system confines.Originality/valueTogether, the authors hope their experiences inform teachers, teacher educators and school leaders about the importance of adapting practices for ELs in social studies and the power of collaboration to make those efforts successful.
Revealing community assembly through barcoding: Mediterranean butterflies and dispersal variation
Authors: Emerson Brent C. , Jiménez‐García Eduardo , Suárez Daniel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn Focus: Scalercio, S., Cini, A., Menchetti, M., Vodă, R., Bonelli, S., Bordoni, A., … Dapporto, L. (2020). How long is 3 km for a butterfly? Ecological constraints and functional traits explain high mitochondrial genetic diversity between Sicily and the Italian Peninsula. Journal of Animal Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365‐2656.13196. Biotic and abiotic factors can shape geographical patterns of genetic variation within species, but few studies have addressed how this might generate common patterns at the level of communities of species. Scalercio et al. (2020) have combined mtDNA sequence data and life‐history traits, to reveal a repeated pattern of genetic structure between Sicilian and southern Italian butterfly populations, which are separated by only 3 km of ocean. They reveal how intrinsic species traits and extrinsic environmental constraints explain this pattern, demonstrating an important role for wind. Moreover, the inclusion of almost 8,000 georeferenced sequences reveals that, in spite of also being present in southern Italy, almost half of Sicilian butterfly species are more closely related to populations from other parts of Europe, Asia or North Africa. We provide further discussion on the biogeographic barrier they identify, and the potential of community‐level DNA barcoding to identify processes that structure genetic variation across communities.
Carbon‐dioxide Removal and Biodiversity: A Threat Identification Framework
Authors: Dooley Kate , Harrould‐Kolieb Ellycia , Talberg Anita 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCarbon‐dioxide removal (CDR) technologies offer the potential to contribute to the restoration and protection of natural ecosystems, the achievement of development goals and the safeguarding of human wellbeing. However, these technologies can also present risks to biodiversity, particularly those techniques that depend on large‐scale manipulation of ecosystems and earth‐system processes. Debates around the development of these technologies have historically focused on the dichotomy between the need to expand the knowledge base on all options related to emerging technologies, and the concern that research represents a slippery slope to deployment. This paper introduces a new approach to governing CDR research – one based on threat identification. We present a framework for assessing the impacts (positive or negative) on biodiversity and ecosystems from a spectrum of CDR interventions, so as to prioritize research to those CDR options that present minimal threats to biodiversity. Application of the framework indicates that while many CDR interventions present threats to biodiversity, certain options, such as regenerative CDR, may have positive impacts.
Severe epidermolysis bullosa simplex phenotype caused by codominant mutations p.Ile377Thr in keratin 14 and p.Gly138Glu in keratin 5
Authors: Bchetnia Mbarka , Allard Jean‐Pascal , Boucher‐Lafleur Anne‐Marie , Cruz Marino Tania , Dupéré Audrey , Powell Julie , McCuaig Catherine , Bernier Marie‐Ève , Laprise Catherine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEpidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a rare skin disease usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. EBS is resulting from mutations in keratin 5 (KRT5) and keratin 14 (KRT14) genes encoding the keratins 5 and 14 proteins expressed in the keratinocytes of the basal layer of the epidermis. To date, seven pathogenic mutations have been reported to be responsible for EBS in the Canadian population from the province of Quebec: p.Pro25Leu, p.Leu150Pro, p.Met327Thr and p.Arg559X in KRT5; p.Arg125Ser, p.Ile377Thr and p.Ile412Phe in KRT14. Here, we present a novel French‐Canadian patient diagnosed with EBS confined to the soles but presenting a severe complication form including blisters, hyperkeratosis, skin erosions and toenail abnormalities. Mutation screening was performed by direct sequencing of the entire coding regions of KRT5 and KRT14 genes and revealed the previously reported missense heterozygous mutation c. 1130T > C in KRT14 (p.Ile377Thr). Furthermore, this patient is carrying a second mutation in KRT5, c.413G > A (p.Gly138Glu), which has been linked to an increased risk of basal cell carcinoma in the literature. We suspect an impact of the p.Gly138Glu variant on the EBS phenotype severity of the studied patient. The pathogenicity and consequences of both genetic variations were simulated by in silico tools.
Effects of Wu Qin xi Qigong exercise on physical functioning in elderly people with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xiao Chunmei , Zhuang Yongchang , Kang Yong 
Published: September 2020

AimExercise therapy is a key intervention in the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to test the 6‐month effectiveness of Wu Qin Xi Qigong (WQXQ) exercise versus a conventional physical therapy (control group [CG]) on physical functioning in patients with early knee OA.MethodsThis study was a 6‐month follow‐up from a randomized controlled trial. Participants with knee OA were randomly allocated to the WQXQ or CG. Data from the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, 6‐Minute Walk Test, 30‐Second Chair Stand Test, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, knee extension strength and knee flexion strength were collected before and after the 6‐month intervention.ResultsBoth treatment groups demonstrated large (20%–50%) and clinically relevant reductions in activity limitations, pain and knee instability, which were sustained at 6 months post‐treatment. No differences in effectiveness between experimental and control treatment were found on Timed Up and Go Test, 6‐Minute Walk Test, knee extension strength and knee flexion strength except for a higher Berg Balance Scale score (P = 0.029) and lower Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain score (P = 0.031) in the WQXQ group.ConclusionsBoth WQXQ and conventional physical therapy exercise programs were highly effective in reducing activity limitations and pain, and promoting balance and muscle power. WQXQ was found to be more effective in promoting balance and reducing pain than conventional physical therapy exercise in patients with knee OA. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 899–903.