bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DOT1L mediates stem cell maintenance and represents a therapeutic vulnerability in cancer
Authors: Kurani Hetakshi P. , Slingerland Joyce M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tumor-initiating cancer stem cells (CSC) pose a challenge in human malignancies since they are largely treatment resistant and can seed local recurrence and metastasis. Epigenetic mechanisms governing cell fate decisions in embryonic and adult stem cells are deregulated in CSCs. This review focuses on the methyltransferase DOT1L, which methylates H3K79 and is a key epigenetic regulator governing embryonic organogenesis and adult tissue stem cell maintenance. DOT1L is overexpressed in many human malignancies, and dysregulated H3K79 methylation is pathogenic in acute myeloid leukemia and several solid tumors. DOT1L regulates core stem cell genes governing CSC self-renewal, tumorigenesis, and multidrug resistance. Recent work has situated DOT1L as an attractive stem cell target in cancer. These reports showed that DOT1L is overexpressed and its protein activated specifically in malignant stem cells compared to bulk tumor cells, making them vulnerable to DOT1L inhibition in vitro and in vivo. While early DOT1L inhibitor clinical trials were limited by inadequate drug bioavailability, accumulating preclinical data indicate that DOT1L critically regulates CSC self-renewal and might be more effective when given with other anticancer therapies. The appropriate combinations of DOT1L inhibitors with other agents and the sequence and timing of drug delivery for maximum efficacy warrant further investigation.
Placental Pathology and Blood Pressure at Age 7: A Longitudinal Discordant Twin Analysis
Authors: Freedman Alexa A. , Miller Gregory E. , Franklin Andrew D. , Keenan-Devlin Lauren S. , Gilman Stephen E. , Borders Ann , Khan Sadiya S. , Ernst Linda M. 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Evidence suggests that the intrauterine environment shapes offspring cardiovascular disease risk. Although placental dysfunction may be an important pathophysiologic pathway, numerous parental and pregnancy characteristics that influence offspring blood pressure are strong confounders of the mechanistic role of the placenta in observational analyses of singletons. Therefore, we leverage twin- and sibling-based comparison designs to determine whether placental pathology is associated with offspring blood pressure at age 7 while mitigating major sources of confounding.

METHODS:
Data are from pregnant participants and their offspring in the Collaborative Perinatal Project, a longitudinal pregnancy cohort conducted from 1959 to 1965 in the United States. After delivery, placentas were systematically examined for lesions indicative of maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) and acute inflammation. Blood pressure was assessed at a follow-up research visit when the offspring were 7 years old. Linear fixed-effects models were used to estimate associations between within-twin or sibling discordance in placental pathology and differences in blood pressure at age 7.

RESULTS:

Overall, 193 twin pairs were eligible for inclusion, and 23.3% had placentas discordant for MVM. In a fixed-effect analysis, a twin with high-grade MVM had a higher systolic blood pressure
Z
score by 0.56 SDs than their co-twin without MVM (95% CI, 0.06–1.05) or a 5.7-mm Hg difference (95% CI, 0.6–10.8). Associations were consistent in a sensitivity analysis restricted to dichorionic twins and in a secondary analysis of 759 MVM-discordant sibling pairs. Acute placental inflammation was not associated with blood pressure at age 7.

CONCLUSIONS:
MVM in the placenta is associated with higher offspring blood pressure in mid-childhood, independent of parental and pregnancy characteristics that twins have in common. The findings support the role of the placenta and the intrauterine environment in the developmental origins of cardiovascular health.
Pulsed Field Ablation Using Focal Contact Force–Sensing Catheters for Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: 1-Year Outcomes of the ECLIPSE AF Study
Authors: Anić Ante , Phlips Thomas , Brešković Toni , Mediratta Vikramaditya , Girouard Steven , Jurišić Zrinka , Sikirić Ivan , Lisica Lucija , Koopman Pieter , Antole Nathalie , Vijgen Johan 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a promising treatment for atrial fibrillation. We report 1-year freedom from atrial arrhythmia outcomes using monopolar PFA delivered through 3 commercial, contact force–sensing focal catheters.

METHODS:
ECLIPSE AF (Safety & Clinical Performance Study of Catheter Ablation With the Centauri System for Patients With Atrial Fibrillation; NCT04523545) was a prospective, single-arm, multicenter study evaluating acute and chronic safety and performance using the CENTAURI system to deliver focal PFA with TactiCath SE, StablePoint, and ThermoCool ST. Patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation underwent pulmonary vein (PV) isolation under deep sedation or general anesthesia and returned for remapping at 90 days to evaluate chronic durability. Freedom from atrial arrhythmia was evaluated continuously through 12 months using standard rhythm monitoring for symptomatic episodes and 24-hour Holter at 6 and 12 months.

RESULTS:
Eighty-two patients (74% male, 51.2% paroxysmal, and 58.5% deep sedation) were treated. PV isolation was achieved in 100% of targeted veins (322/322) with first-pass isolation in 92.2% (297/322). There were 4 primary safety events in 4 patients (4.9%, 4/82); 1 nonembolic stroke due to exacerbated cardiac tamponade secondary to catheter perforation and 3 hemorrhagic vascular access complications. There were no incidences of adverse event fistula, diaphragmatic paralysis, myocardial infarction, pericarditis, thromboembolism, PV stenosis, transient ischemic attack, or death. Eighty patients (98%) underwent remapping. Optimized PFA cohorts 3, 4, and 5 showed per-patient isolation rates of 60%, 73%, and 81% and per-PV isolation rates of 84%, 90%, and 92%, respectively. One-year freedom from atrial arrhythmia was 80.2% (95% CI, 69.7%–87.4%) for the entire patient sample, including 41 patients who underwent repeat focal PFA with the CENTAURI system at remapping.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study demonstrated that optimization of focal PFA with 3 contact force–sensing, solid-tip ablation catheters resulted in the progressive improvement of PV isolation durability at 3-month remapping and high freedom from atrial arrhythmia survival rates, providing a promising focal PFA treatment option integrated with current ablation workflows.
Cryoballoon Pulmonary Vein Isolation With Versus Without Additional Right Atrial Linear Ablation for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: The CRALAL Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kim Daehoon , Yu Hee Tae , Shim Jaemin , Park Junbeom , Baek Yong-Soo , Park Sang Won , Kim Dae-Kyeong , Park Young-Ah , Kim Tae-Hoon , Uhm Jae-Sun , Joung Boyoung , Lee Moon-Hyoung , Pak Hui-Nam 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) alone is less effective in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) compared with those with paroxysmal AF. We investigate whether additional linear ablation from the superior vena cava to the right atrial septum and cavotricuspid isthmus ablation improves the rhythm outcome of patients with persistent AF undergoing cryoballoon PVI (Cryo-PVI).

METHODS:
In this investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized clinical trial, 289 patients with persistent AF refractory to antiarrhythmic drug therapy were randomized 1:1 to either Cryo-PVI with additional right atrium (RA) linear ablation or Cryo-PVI alone. The primary end point was any documented atrial arrhythmia lasting ≥30 seconds after a 3-month blanking period after ablation. The secondary end points were atrial arrhythmia recurrence or antiarrhythmic drug use after a 3-month blanking period, complications, and total procedure time.

RESULTS:

During the median follow-up of 24 months (median age, 63 years; 23.9% women), the atrial arrhythmia recurrence was less frequent in the additional RA ablation group (n=50, 37.5%) than in the Cryo-PVI alone group (n=69, 53.1%; absolute difference, −15.6% [95% CI, −27.9% to −3.4%]; hazard ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.46–0.94]). Antiarrhythmic drugs were prescribed after the 3-month period to 72 (49.3%) patients in the additional RA ablation group and 79 (55.2%) patients in the Cryo-PVI alone group. No difference was found in complication rate between the 2 groups. Total procedure time was longer in the additional RA ablation group (median, 88 versus 72 minutes;
P
<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Additional RA linear ablation beyond Cryo-PVI improved the ablation outcome compared with that of PVI alone in persistent AF patients.
Scientific Studies of Individualization: A Thematic-Analytic Approach
Authors: Killin Anton 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article seeks to interpret how the scientific study of individualization, broadly construed, is conceived from within. It presents and discusses an analysis of qualitative data gained from performing semi-structured expert interviews. By way of a thematic-analytic approach to interpreting this data, this article seeks to investigate the attitudes and opinions of a sample of scientific experts who study individualization, across a wide range of scientific fields, with regard to key concepts, phenomena, motivating factors, and open questions. Centering its analysis on discussion of four themes, this paper (1) emphasizes the importance for science of individuals and individuality, (2) reflects on matters pertaining to language and interdisciplinary communication, (3) distinguishes between nine meanings of the word “individualization,” stressing their significant features, and (4) considers ideas about the consequences of individualization and ongoing methodological concerns.
Peace Talks in the Russia-Ukraine War: When, Who, and How?
Authors: Bramsen Isabel , Svensson Isak 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study explores the designs and dynamics of past, present, and potential mediation and negotiation efforts to stop the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Applying insights from mediation and negotiation literature, the article explores three questions relating to negotiating peace in Ukraine: who is best positioned to negotiate or mediate such a process (who should be presented at the table), when should such diplomatic efforts be launched, and how should the processes of peace talks be designed. The study examines the dynamics of the initial peace talks in the spring of 2022 as well as Ukraine’s Peace Formula, which has been discussed by up to 92 countries, excluding Russia. The article discusses the unusual process of negotiating peace without the presence of one of the main parties (Russia) and the challenges and potential of negotiations in this form of international, asymmetric war.
The Birds That Wouldn’t Sing
Authors: Smith Justin 
Published: December 2024

This compelling book offers a unique perspective on D-Day and its aftermath through the personal testimonies of the Wrens who worked for Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay during Operation Overlord. Drawing on public and private archives, it reveals the untold stories of the women serving in the Women’s Royal Naval Service (WRNS), balancing their wartime contributions with the strictures of secrecy and censorship. The narrative is framed by letters from these Wrens, which provide intimate glimpses into both the personal and professional challenges they faced during World War II.
The book captures the atmosphere of war as experienced by British auxiliaries. It highlights the Wrens' vital but often overlooked role in the D-Day planning effort and beyond, revealing the surreal coexistence of the ordinary and extraordinary in wartime. Focusing in particular on the wartime archive of one of the Wrens, Joan Prior, the author brings to life the contribution of these women to the war effort, while also offering insights into British, French, and German morale and culture. This thoughtful and moving account adds depth to the broader historical narrative of World War II, making it a valuable addition for both the general reader and the professional historian.
Mean Cold Pool Size of Quasi-Equilibrium Convection. Part II: The Survival Competition Hypothesis
Authors: Fu Hao , O’Neill Morgan E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The cold pool is a crucial component of tropical convection. However, what controls the mean cold pool size remains unclear. This two-paper series presents a theory of the mean cold pool radius in idealized quasi-equilibrium convection (Req). Part I derives an energy balance constraint between Req and the maximum potential radius of a cold pool (Rmax), showing that Req cannot reach Rmax. Cold pools must be densely packed and collide frequently. This Part II derives another constraint between Req and Rmax based on a cold pool survival competition hypothesis. A convective life cycle model with various candidate cold pool sizes is built. The type of cold pool producing the most intense next-generation cold pool is hypothesized to survive and set the spacing between convective towers. The size of the dominant cold pool type is determined by the trade-off between the mechanical lifting effect that favors a smaller cold pool, the thermodynamic forcing effect that favors a bigger cold pool, and the cloud radius feedback that also favors a bigger cold pool. Combining the energy balance and survival competition constraints, we obtain a solution for Req, which has an analytically tractable upper bound. The upper bound is set by the cold pool’s fractional entrainment rate and the free-tropospheric relative humidity: a lower fractional entrainment rate or a drier free troposphere raises the upper bound of Req. The Req predicted by the theory agrees with a set of large-eddy simulations with different rainwater evaporation rates.
Arctic Sea Ice Melting Has Triggered Distinct Interdecadal Transitions since 2000
Authors: Wu Bingyi , Li Zhenkun , Zhang Xiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates dominant features of the temporal evolutions of sea ice concentrations (SICs) in the Barents–Kara Seas in autumn and the subsequent winter, as well as their regulating effect on winter atmospheric circulation variations over the Arctic and Eurasia at phasic and interdecadal time scales. Results suggest that SICs in the Barents–Kara Seas both during autumn and the subsequent winter have exhibited a coincident interdecadal reduction since 2004. This interdecadal reduction has produced significant impacts on much of the Northern Hemisphere. In the Arctic, this interdecadal reduction has directly altered the thermal and moisture structure of the lower troposphere, as well as enhanced the hydrological cycle. Its influence on winter atmospheric humidity can extend into the upper troposphere over the Atlantic sector of the Arctic. Over Eurasia, this interdecadal reduction has strengthened short-term pulsation processes of the Siberian high, making the mean intensity of the Siberian high stronger relative to the average over winters from 1979/80 to 2003/04. Meanwhile, it has weakened the winter atmospheric baroclinicity over high latitudes of Eurasia and strengthened the atmospheric baroclinicity over mid- to low latitudes of East Asia and the northwest Pacific. This interdecadal reduction directly led to the occurrence of warm Arctic–cold Eurasia during winters from 2004/05 to 2012/13. Additionally, a notable finding is that the continuously low level of Arctic sea ice has initiated a recent interdecadal transition in winter 1000-hPa temperature since the early 2010s. This alternation has resulted in the emergence of a warm Arctic–warm Eurasia configuration. Implications of these results suggest that Arctic sea ice melting has produced significant effects on the changing climate system across much of Northern Hemisphere during wintertime, particularly at interdecadal time scales.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to reveal phasic and interdecadal responses of winter atmospheric circulation over the Arctic and Eurasia to Arctic sea ice melting in the Barents–Kara Seas during autumn and the subsequent winter. Our findings suggest that both the interdecadal reduction of Arctic sea ice and the continuously low level of Arctic sea ice have triggered distinct interdecadal transitions in winter atmospheric circulations. Specifically, the persistent low level of Arctic sea ice has resulted in alternating occurrences of warm Arctic–cold Eurasia and warm Arctic–warm Eurasia patterns. These findings hold significant implications for enhancing our understanding of the impacts of Arctic sea ice melting on both the Arctic and midlatitudes of Eurasia.
Predicting Monthly Precipitation in the Wet Season over Saudi Arabia Using a Seasonal Prediction System
Authors: Ratnam J. V. , Behera Swadhin K. , Hoteit Ibrahim , Doi Takeshi , Nonaka Masami 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the skill of the Scale Interaction Experiment-Frontier Research Center for Global Change, version 2 (SINTEX-F2), model in predicting precipitation over Saudi Arabia in the wet months (November–April) at 1–3-month lead times. It was found that the SINTEX-F2 model 1-month lead prediction was skillful in predicting precipitation over the southwestern regions of Saudi Arabia in November and February. Analysis revealed that the skillful prediction of precipitation in November was due to the skillful prediction of sea surface temperature anomalies in the midlatitudes of the central North Pacific and the associated atmospheric variability. In February, the skill was associated with the skillful prediction of sea surface temperature anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific and the associated teleconnections.

Significance Statement
We tried to identify the months within the wet season in which precipitation could be predicted with high skill over Saudi Arabia. Analysis showed that the SINTEX-F2 model was skillful in predicting precipitation over the southwestern regions of Saudi Arabia in November and February at a 1-month lead time. The model skill was due to the model predicting the SST anomalies and the atmospheric variable anomalies with high skill.
India’s Exchange Rate Regime Under Inflation Targeting
Authors: Goyal Ashima 
Published: December 2024

While the basic exchange rate regime has stayed the same since the liberalising reforms of the 90s, its implementation has varied over the years. The article assesses the evolution of India’s nominal exchange rate regime and its suitability under inflation targeting. It also examines the evolving impact on trade, inflation, currency and financial markets, country risk premium and the cost of borrowing. The analysis suggests a flexible exchange rate with intervention to prevent excess volatility as well as misalignment from competitive real exchange rates, while allowing some volatility to aid price discovery in foreign exchange markets, would work best in inflation targeting emerging markets. JEL Codes: F41, F31, E52
Preliminary findings for self-talk with self-management to support a female autistic adult with anxiety-type behaviors at their jobsite
Authors: Wheeler Katherine , Hamrick Jennifer , Favela Alexis , Hilbert Sam 
Published: December 2024

Background: Autistic individuals are often more susceptible to co-occurring anxiety disorders. Self-management, as a behavior analytic strategy, has been found to be an effective tool for individuals to monitor one's own behavior and increase prosocial behavior. Cognitive behavioral strategies include the use of self-instructional strategies to prompt and support behaviors for an individual by changing their thought processes and their self-talk. Self-talk (e.g., inner speech or self-statements) is embedded within cognitive behavioral strategies and contributes to effective self-regulation and self-control. Objective: The current study sought to combine aspects of cognitive behavioral strategies in self-talk and self-management, respectively. The goal was to provide a manageable, non-intrusive intervention that incorporated the participant in a manner that targeted their self-identified vocational goals (i.e., reduction in reassurance seeking). Method: A reversal design was used to determine the impact of positive self-talk, measured through collected self-management data, on anxiety-type behaviors, in the form of reassurance-seeking statements, in one autistic young adult at their vocational site. Results: Results from analysis revealed a significant difference between data in the baseline and reversal phases and the intervention phases, with the Tau-U effect size being −0.984 ( p = 0.001). Conclusion: Preliminary results indicate that behavior analytic strategies used to facilitate cognitive behavioral supports decreased the frequency of reassurance-seeking statements for this individual at their vocational site in a socially valid manner.
Craniosynostosis: Epidemiology and Pattern at a Tertiary Referral Institute in Oman 2004 to 2023
Authors: Al Jadeedi Sondus , Al Alawi Khalifa Mohammed , Al Bulushi Taimoor 
Published: December 2024

Objective To date, there are no published studies From the Sultanate of Oman on the incidence or characteristics of craniosynostosis (CS). This is a population-based epidemiological study of the incidence of CS. Methods The prospective registry of the craniofacial surgery unit in Khoula Hospital was used to retrieve data on all individuals with CS treated between 2004 and 2023. The cohort was divided into four 5-year groups based on year of birth: 2004 to 2008, 2009 to 2013, 2014 to 2018, and 2019 to 2023. Results We identified 312 individuals with CS. The incidence increased significantly during the study period and was 2.5 per 10 000 live births in the last 5-year period. There was a male preponderance (male/female ratio 1.5:1). Our study findings reveal a notable diversity in the trend of suture involvement, we observed a higher frequency of complex CS within our study population 35.9%. Half of the study population was nonsyndromic, accounting for 51.6%. The nonsyndromic population exhibits a higher proportion of midline suture involvement. Conclusions The incidence of CS increased during the study period. The majority of cases were identified as nonsyndromic. We found that multiple sutures CS were the most prevalent overall in our population. It is imperative to intensify efforts aimed at raising awareness among the general population regarding these deformities.