bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Gameiro Joana , Fonseca José Agapito , Oliveira João , Marques Filipe , Bernardo João , Costa Claudia , Carreiro Carolina , Braz Sandra , Alvoeiro Lourdes , Lopes José António 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction: The incidence of AKI in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients ranges from 0.5 to 35% and has been associated with worse prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, severity, duration, risk factors and prognosis of AKI in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center analysis of 192 hospitalized COVID-19 patients from March to May of 2020. AKI was diagnosed using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) classification based on serum creatinine (SCr) criteria. Persistent and Transient AKI were defined according to the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) workgroup definitions.Results: In this cohort of COVID-19 patients, 55.2% developed AKI (n=106). The majority of AKI patients had persistent AKI (n=64, 60.4%). Overall, in-hospital mortality was 18.2% (n=35) and was higher in AKI patients (28.3% vs 5.9%, p<0.001, unadjusted OR 6.03 (2.22-16.37), p<0.001). On a multivariate analysis, older age (adjusted OR 1.08 (95% CI 1.02-1.13), p=0.004), lower Hb level (adjusted OR 0.69 (95% CI 0.53-0.91), p=0.007) and acidemia at presentation (adjusted OR 5.53 (95% CI 1.70-18.63), p=0.005), duration of AKI (adjusted OR 7.91 for persistent AKI (95% CI 2.39-26.21), p=0.001) and severity of AKI (adjusted OR 2.30 per increase in KDIGO stage (95% CI 1.10-4.82), p=0.027) were independent predictors of mortality.Conclusion: AKI was frequent in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Persistent AKI and higher severity of AKI were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.
EFFECT OF A THERMOGENIC SUPPLEMENTATION ON POST AEROBIC EXERCISE HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES IN HEALTHY YOUNG MEN
Authors: E Silva Vilton Emanoel Lopes de Moura , Silvino Valmir Oliveira , Rodrigues Júnior Jefferson Fernando Coelho , Sena Alyson Felipe da Costa , Amorim Carlos Eduardo Neves , Cabido Christian Emmanuel Torres , Dos Santos Marcos Antônio Pereira 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The use of food supplements with esthetic or performance-enhancing goals has been largely investigated. Thermogenics are supplements that increase energy expenditure through thermogenesis and are widely consumed by individuals seeking to improve body composition and exercise performance. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a commercially available thermogenic supplement on post-exercise blood pressure responses. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven healthy thermogenic supplements users participated in the study. Nine were assigned in the control group (21.67 ± 1.87 years), nine in the thermogenic group (24.00 ± 4.18), and nine in the placebo group (23.67 ± 3.04). The volunteers performed a treadmill aerobic exercise session for 60 minutes at 65 to 85% max heart rate. The hemodynamic variables were measured at rest and during 60 minutes in the post-exercise recovery. The normality of the data was evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Baseline momentum and post-exercise recovery were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA test (group versus time factors), with Bonferroni post-hoc test. The level of statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Results: The thermogenic supplement did not significantly compromise post-exercise hypotension when compared to the other groups. However, thermogenic supplementation increased the blood pressure in >5 mmHg, which reportedly plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: The use of the thermogenic Lipo 6 Black Ultra Concentre Nutrex ® did not alter PEH in healthy youngsters. However, since an increase in the blood pressure was observed, this supplementation must be administered with caution.
INFLUÊNCIA DO CONTROLE VIROLÓGICO E TERAPIA ANTIRRETROVIRAL NA FORÇA MUSCULAR RESPIRATÓRIA EM SUJEITOS COM HIV
Authors: Righi Geovana De Almeida , Casarin Naiára , Moreira Matheus Barros , Kuinchtner Gabriela Castro , Tolves Tainara , Signori Luis Ulisses , Da Silva Antônio Marcos Vargas 
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: avaliar a influência do controle virológico e do uso de terapia antirretroviral (TARV) sobre a força muscular respiratória em pacientes com Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Métodos: estudo transversal com 60 sujeitos com HIV, de ambos os sexos, em uso da terapia antirretroviral há pelo menos três meses ou sem uso. Os indivíduos foram subdivididos em três grupos: com TARV e carga viral não detectável (GTCV-; n=20), com TARV e carga viral detectável (GTCV+; n=20) e sem TARV e carga viral detectável (GsTCV+; n=20). A força muscular respiratória foi mensurada com um manovacuômetro digital e os valores preditos das pressões respiratórias máximas calculados pela equação de Neder et al, 1999. Considerou-se fraqueza muscular inspiratória valores de pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx) <70% do predito. Resultados: a carga viral foi menor no GTCV+ do que no GsTCV+. A contagem de células T-CD4 foi maior no GTCV- do que nos demais. Os grupos GTCV+ (60,5 [37,1-70,5]cmH2O) e GsTCV+ (67,9 [50,3-93]cmH2O, p<0,004) apresentaram redução da pressão expiratória máxima (PEmáx) na comparação com o GTCV- (100,2 [71-121,9]cmH2O), baseado no % do predito. Tanto o GTCV+ quanto o GsTCV+ apresentaram valores de mediana que demonstram fraqueza muscular inspiratória. Conclusões: o grupo de pacientes em uso da TARV e com carga viral não detectável apresentou maior força muscular expiratória e não foi classificado com fraqueza muscular inspiratória. Estes efeitos favoráveis da TARV e da baixa carga viral podem implicar em melhores desfechos funcionais, que devem ser testados em futuros trabalhos.
IDENTIFYING FEBRILE HUMANS USING INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY SCREENING: POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK
Authors: Silvino Valmir Oliveira , Gomes Regis Bernardo Brandim , Ribeiro Sérgio Luiz Galan , Moreira Davyson De Lima , Santos Marcos Antonio Pereira dos 
Published: June 2020

Since the first case of COVID-19 reported at late 2019, it has quickly spread throughout the world and became a pandemic. Because of its high transmission rate, COVID-19 is a huge threat to public health worldwide. Fever is a common symptom of patients with severe acute respiratory syndromes (SARS), including the COVID-19 disease. Infrared thermography (IT) is widely used to mass-screen the skin temperature of people in crowded places, such as hospitals and airports. This is of importance for patients and health professionals as it drastically decreases the risk of transmission due to the minimal contact between the evaluator and the subject. Infrared thermography strategy has already been widely used for the screening of febrile people during the outbreak of other pandemics such as H1N1 and Ebola. We here describe the potential of IT to identify febrile people who may be infected with COVID-19 and provide recommendations for their monitoring and management during this pandemic based on literature data.
LEADERSHIP OF THE HEAD OF A CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION IN ACHIEVING THE TITLE OF CORRUPTION-FREE AREA (Case study at the Semarang Class II Women's Correctional Institution)
Authors: Rahayu Mulyani 
Published: June 2020

Prisons in Indonesia are often described as a very terrible place and even there is no good side to be proud of. The case occurred recently has worsen the image of prison,where the head of Kalianda Prison was arrested by the Provincial Narcotics Agency (BNNP) for his involvement in illegal drugs that were traded in prison. This condition is very contrary to the condition at the Semarang Class II Women's Correctional Institution. The success of Semarang Class II Women's Correctional Institution in suppressing illegal levies cannot be separated from the leadership role of the head of the prison. The presence of a leader greatly affects the integrity of employees in his ranks. The Semarang Class II Women's Correctional Institution is the only one of the 611 Correctional Institutions (Technical Implementation Unit) which bears the title of Corruption-Free Area in the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia. This study aims to describe how the leadership of the Head of Semarang Class II Women's Correctional Institution as a role model in achieving zero illegal levies using qualitative descriptive methods through field observations and in-depth interviews with structural officials, officials and inmates as informants.
Pengembangan Petunjuk Praktikum berbasis Green Chemistry pada Materi Stoikiometri Kelas X di SMAN 7 Semarang
Authors: Yuniar Siska Aditya , Zammi Muhammad , Suryandari Ervin Tri 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian pengembangan petunjuk praktikum berbasis<em> green chemistry</em> pada materi stoikiometri dilandaskan pada karakteristik peserta didik yang lebih menyukai metode praktikum, namun di sekolah belum memiliki petunjuk praktikum yang dapat menyesuaikan waktu pelaksanaan praktikum dengan jam pelajaran di sekolah. Metode pengembangan yang digunakan adalah metode ADDIE yang terdiri dari tahap <em>analyze</em>,<em> design</em>,<em> development</em>,<em> implementation</em>, dan<em> evaluations</em>. Produk divalidasi oleh dua dosen ahli materi dan dua dosen ahli media, kemudian dilakukan uji keterbacaan oleh guru dan peserta didik, dan diuji cobakan pada kelas kecil. Subjek uji keterbacaan yaitu satu guru mata pelajaran kimia serta tiga peserta didik kelas XI IPA SMA N 7 Semarang, dan subjek uji coba kelas kecil yaitu sembilan peserta didik kelas XI IPA SMA N 7 Semarang. Hasil penilaian validasi ahli materi didapatkan indeks validitas 0,902 dengan kategori sangat tinggi, dan penilaian validasi ahli media mendapat indeks validitas sebesar 0,984 dengan kategori sangat tinggi. Pada uji keterbacaan oleh guru didapatkan kategori sangat baik dengan presentase sebesar 96,47%. Pada uji keterbacaan oleh peserta didik didapatkan presentase sebesar 95,83% dengan kategori sangat baik. Respon peserta didik memperlihatkan kategori sangat baik dengan presentase sebesar 94,29%.
Pengembangan Modul Bermuatan Pendidikan Karakter materi Elektrokimia Program Keahlian Teknik Instalasi Tenaga Listrik
Authors: Aeni Nur 
Published: June 2020

<p align="justify">Penelitian ini didasarkan pada masih ditemukannya kasus degradasi moral di kalangan peserta didik seperti kasus tawuran dan kebiasaan mencontek, kurangnya sumber belajar kimia SMK serta sumber belajar yang tersedia belum terintegrasi dengan program keahlian peserta didik. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menghasilkan modul pembelajaran elektokimia bermuatan pendidikan karakter program keahlian Teknik Instalasi Tenaga Listrik (TITL). Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan metode Research and Development dengan model 4D dari Thiagarajan. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas X program keahlian TITL SMK N 5 Semarang. Karakteristik modul Hasil uji kualitas modul menurut ahli materi dan media pada tahap 1 menunjukkan bahwa modul cukup layak dengan skor rerata 0,76. Pada tahap 2 mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,8 dengan kategori sangat layak. Persentase respon/tanggapan peserta didik sebesar 85,3% dengan kategori sangat valid. Berdasarkan data hasil uji validasi dan tanggapan peserta didik maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa modul kimia bermuatan pendidikan karakter program keahlian Teknik Instalasi Tenaga Listrik layak dan dapat digunakan sebagai sumber belajar peserta didik.</p>
Negative Air Ions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Della Vecchia Alessandra , Mucci Federico , Pozza Andrea , Marazziti Donatella 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Air ions (AIs) are clusters of ionized particles present in the atmosphere,
carrying an electrical charge of negative or positive polarity. Past speculations suggested
that exposure to positive air ions may be harmful, while exposure to negative air ions
(NAIs) may be associated with beneficial health effects. Increasing attention has been directed
towards investigating the potential effect of NAIs on human brain activities since initial
observations of their beneficial effects on some cognitive processes and mood.

Aims:
Given the paucity and scattered literature, our paper aims to review the available studies
on potential positive effects of NAIs exposure on cognitive performances and depression.

Discussion:
The review of the literature seems to confirm the effects of NAIs on several brain
functions. Indeed, a significant association between NAIs exposure and both well-being and
high cognitive performances has been described. Furthermore, exposure to high concentrations
of NAIs could be related to the improvement of depressive symptoms.

Conclusion:
A growing evidence of data, although not yet conclusive, would suggest that
NAIs might improve cognitive processes. These findings require specific and urgent controlled
trials adopting systems based on AIs release to possibly prevent and treat cognitive
dysfunctions present in a broad range of neuropsychiatric conditions.
MicroRNAs in Lung Cancer Oncogenesis and Tumor Suppression: How it Can Improve the Clinical Practice?
Authors: Pozza Daniel Humberto , De Mello Ramon Andrade , Araujo Raphael L.C. , Velcheti Vamsidhar 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Lung cancer (LC) development is a process that depends on genetic mutations.
The DNA methylation, an important epigenetic modification, is associated with the expression of noncoding
RNAs, such as microRNAs. MicroRNAs are particularly essential for cell physiology, since they
play a critical role in tumor suppressor gene activity. Furthermore, epigenetic disruptions are the primary
event in cell modification, being related to tumorigenesis. In this context, microRNAs can be a useful
tool in the LC suppression, consequently improving prognosis and predicting treatment.

Conclusion:
This manuscript reviews the main microRNAs involved in LC and its potential clinical
applications to improve outcomes, such as survival and better quality of life.
Thietanyl Protection in the Synthesis of 8-Substituted 1-Benzyl-3-methyl-3,7-dihydro- 1H-purine-2,6-diones
Authors: Khaliullin Ferkat , Shabalina Yuliya 
Published: June 2020

Aim and Objective:1-Аlkyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones containing no substituents in the N7 position can be synthesized only using protecting groups, for example, benzyl protection. However, in the case of synthesis of 1-benzyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones, the use of benzyl protection may lead to simultaneous debenzylation of both N1 and N7 positions. Therefore, it is necessary to use other protective groups for the synthesis of 1-benzyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones.Materials and Methods:8-Bromo- and 8-amino-substituted 1-benzyl-3-methyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones unsubstituted in the N7 position were synthesized with the use of thietanyl protecting group. The thietane ring was introduced via the reaction of 8-bromo-3-methyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione with 2-chloromethylthiirane, giving rise to 8-bromo-3-methyl-7-(thietan-3-yl)-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione. The subsequent alkylation with benzyl chloride yielded 1-benzyl-8-bromo-3-methyl-7-(thietan-3-yl)-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione, which was oxidized with hydrogen peroxide to be converted to 1-benzyl-8-bromo-3-methyl-7-(1,1-dioxothietan- 3-yl)-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione. This product reacted with amines to give 8-amino-substituted 1-benzyl-3- methyl-7-(1,1-dioxothietan-3-yl)-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones. The reaction of 8-substituted 1-benzyl-3- methyl-7-(1,1-dioxothietan-3-yl)-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones with sodium isopropoxide resulted in the removal of the thietanyl protection and afforded target 8-substituted 1-benzyl-3-methyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6- diones. The structures of the targets compounds have been deduced upon their elemental analysis and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 15N NMR).Results and Discussion:A new 8-substituted 1-benzyl-3-methyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones unsubstituted in the N7 position were synthesized using thietanyl protecting group.Conclusion:The present study described a new route to synthesize some new 1,8-disubstituted 3-methyl-3,7- dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones unsubstituted in the N7 position starting from available 8-bromo-3-methyl-3,7- dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione with use of thietanyl protecting group. The advantages of this protocol are the possibility of the synthesis of 1-benzyl-substituted 3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-diones, the stability of the thietanyl protecting group upon nucleophilic substitution by amines of the bromine atom in the position 8, as well as mild conditions, and simple execution of experiments.
Algal Biorefinery for the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Bharadvaja Navneeta , Kumar Lakhan 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Algae, tiny photosynthetic microorganisms are under investigation for
commercial biofuels and biochemical production. Applications of bioactive compounds of algal origin
are now increasing for food, feed, fodder, fibre, cosmetics, nutraceutical and pharmaceuticals.
Recent years have witnessed a major thrust moving towards a sustainable, biobased economy using
a biorefinery concept. The biorefinery concept is based on obtaining a broad spectrum of products
such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, jet fuels, and many value-added biobased products from renewable
bioresources analogous to the petroleum refinery.

Methodology:
The aim of this review is to provide an insight into the utilization of algal biomass
for the production of bioactive compounds, algal cultivation systems, cell disruption techniques,
challenges to algal bioactive compound extraction, and offer a way forward. According to this objective,
we did a comprehensive search in all available electronic information resources like in
Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct.

Result:
The review summarizes representative bioactive compounds from algal biomass, indicating
that these biological resources are an inexhaustible source of new molecules that often display
unique structures and sometimes have very interesting pharmacological properties, such as antifungal,
antibacterial, enzyme-inhibitory, and other activities. A better cultivation and cell disruption
strategy have been suggested for a sustainable algal biorefinery system.

Conclusion:
The paper reviewed different bioactive compounds like astaxanthin, DHA, EPA, vitamins
and β-1,3 Glucan, etc. present in microalgae and their applications in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals
development for human consumption along with major steps of algal bioprocessing,
such as algal cultivation and cell disruption. Also, the production and role of several high-value
compounds extracted from algal biomass in the treatment of various diseases along with the way
forward to make algal-based biorefinery for bioactive compounds economically sustainable and viable
have been discussed. However, research on various aspects of algal based bioactive compound
extraction is in a nascent phase and requires bioprospecting of high yielding native algal species,
development and deployment of mass cultivation strategies, process optimization for harvest and
cell disruption techniques followed by efficient biomolecule extraction procedures to make algal
biorefinery sustainable and commercially viable in nature.
Comparative COX I Molecular Docking of Phyto-chemicals (Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Lignans and Terpenoids) for Anti-platelet Aggregation Dynamics
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Pokhrel Subarna , Varshney Anurag 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
Cycloxygenase I (COX I) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of
atherothrombosis. Therefore, there is a need of anti-platelet aggregation drugs that decrease thrombus
formation.

Methods:
Molecular docking of the phytochemicals (flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and lignans)
was carried out. Binding energies and the ligand efficiencies of the phytochemicals were compared
by standard statistical tool.

Results:
Docking showed that their inhibitory activity towards COX I mainly depends on hydrogen
bonds between the hydroxyl groups of the polyphenol ligands and the binding sites, π-cation/anion,
π-sigma bond, π-alkyl, and π-π T shaped interactions that stabilize the ligand within the active site.
Alkaloids are superior over the others to develop as optimal inhibitor compounds of human COX I
in terms of ligand efficiency.

Conclusion :
Ligand efficiencies fall within the criteria of orally efficacious drugs, and could pave a
way for lead anti-platelet drug discovery and subsequent development.
Multiple Heart-Cutting Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: Recent Developments and Applications
Authors: Dsouza Brynish R. , Joseph Alex , Das Subham , Alex Angel T. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Over the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in Two-
Dimensional Liquid Chromatography (2D-LC). This advanced technology has become a relevant solution
for solving all the analytical challenges encountered in the pharmaceutical industry. The primary
purpose of this review is to give a brief account of the developing techniques notable in 2D-LC.

Methods:
Review of recent literature on advanced separation techniques for complex mixtures revealed
that 2D-LC is the most widely used technique in the pharmaceutical laboratory for the separation
of complex samples. Among the various techniques used in 2D-LC, comprehensive 2D-LC and
heart-cutting 2D-LC are highly used techniques. To enhance the resolution, further development has
been made to heart-cutting 2D-LC called multiple heart-cutting 2D-LC, which has recently become a
very popular technique in the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore research articles mentioning the use
of multiple heart-cutting 2D-LC for separation of complex mixtures were reviewed.

Results:
The most crucial benefit of multiple heart-cutting 2D-LC is its reduced effort in method development
and also the storage of multiple sample sections for further analysis. The multiple heartcutting
2D-LC is suited, preferably for method development and impurity analysis of pharmaceutical
substances, fine chemicals and offers better peak separation, which is otherwise not possible by comprehensive
2D-LC.

Conclusion:
The advantage of two-dimensional liquid chromatography over one-dimensional liquid
chromatography is its high resolving power. Further improvement in resolution was achieved by using
the advanced multiple heart-cutting 2D-LC which appears to have an imperative role in pharmaceutical
and food analysis.