bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How many categories do we need?
Authors: Sartorius N. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract of presentation by Prof. N. Sartorius.The presentation will discuss the dependence of the classification of mental disorders on its use. While scientists searching for causes of mental disorders or assessing the effectiveness of a new treatment will need highly homogenous groups of people showing a particular well defined syndrome, practicing clinicians will wish to limit the number of categories in a classification of mental disorders to a level which makes a difference in treatment or management. The World Health Organization has recognized this difference in need and preference and produced in the framework of the 10th Revision of the International Classification of diseases (ICD) a classification of mental disorders in three versions–a version for practicing psychiatrists, a version for use in scientific investigations and a version for use in primary health care. The three versions were translatable (“telescoped”) into each other. The field tests of the three versions of the classification demonstrated that they are easy to use, can be used reliably and fit the syndromes usually encountered in health care services. These findings further supported the Sir Aubrey Lewis’ proposal to accept the division of classifications into a public and several (or many) private versions translatable into each other.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Experiences from newly created trainee associations in Spain And Macedonia
Authors: Núñez Morales N.I. , Suarez de Venegas N. Gomez-Coronado , Sanchez-Lafuente C. Gomez , Alemany T. Gomez , Montero G. , Almerge J. Cambra , Higueras P. Hervias , Sanchez V. Pereira , de Munain E. Lopez , Roman Uria A. San 
Published: March 2020

Until July 2016, Spain was not member of European Forum of Psychiatric Trainees. Why? Because Spain did never have Association of Psychiatric trainees. In July 2015, 2 Spanish trainees were invited to attend EFPT meeting in Porto. There, they connect with other European trainees and with the help of MENTA group they starting the foundation of Spanish Psychiatric Trainees Society, now known as SERP. In just 1 year, SERP has increased in number of members and have successfully developed numerous initiatives such as the establishment of our founding documents, the constitution of a democratic board through an Elective General Assembly, the design and update of a website and profiles in the social networks and the organization of the 1st Meeting for National Psychiatric Trainees, which was held in Vitoria-Gasteiz on March 2015 and had as topic Research on psychiatric training period. Last July, Spain was accepted for first time in history as full member of EFPT and we are actively participating in several working groups, even chairing the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry one. This year, Spain is also participating in international exchanges, offering two destination for European trainees. We must acknowledge that during the foundation process, the support of the Spanish National Psychiatric Associations (SEP and SEPB) and EFPT (specially its ENTA group since the first meeting of some of our now board members in the Annual Forum in Porto in 2015), has been crucial.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
TYOT: Tripadvisor for psychiatry trainees?
Authors: De Picker L. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundAlthough guidelines to ensure the quality of postgraduate psychiatric training in Europe are provided both by the statements of the European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT) and the UEMS Psychiatry Section's European Training Requirements, actual training conditions in different European countries have been documented to vary widely. Furthermore, most trainees are unaware of the existence of such guidelines.ObjectiveThe test your own training (TYOT) project set out to create an easy-to-use online tool that allows trainees to assess how their own training compares in relation to the European standards, thereby empowering trainees all over Europe.MethodsAn EFPT Focus Group consisting of psychiatric trainees or early career psychiatrists from eleven European countries created a core survey of key aspects of psychiatry training, such as the duration of the training program, the availability of clinical and educational supervision, access to international professional literature, the use of a national logbook, based on the UEMS European Training Requirements and the EFPT statements. Additional subsets of questions were designed for specific domains such as theoretical training in psychiatry, psychotherapy training and the role of supervisors and training institutions. Next, the questions were transferred to a suitable online hosting platform, which allows to automatically provide feedback in an algorithmic fashion about how the trainee’s experience compares to the European standards.ResultsThe TYOT platform will be launched in January 2017 and the first results will be presented at the European Congress of Psychiatry 2017. For more information about the TYOT tool please visit http://efpt.eu/training/tyot/.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Borderline personality disorders in adolescents: Treatment issues and epistemic challenges
Authors: Sibeoni J. 
Published: March 2020

Some clinicians are still hesitant to use the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adolescence whereas numerous studies have shown evidence to support its validity within this population. Yet, many epistemic issues remain. Indeed, the concept of BPD in adolescence has inherited the issues from the adult one, to which is added the complexity of this developmental period. Borderline disorder is a confusing and polymorphic clinical object with two different origins: one psychiatric with a nosographic approach and the other psychanalytical with a structural one. On the one hand, BPD in adolescence is considered as a psychiatric diagnosis based on the same criteria used in adult psychiatry, with many studies describing core symptoms at this period such as repetitive non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior. On the other hand, BPD is also considered as one of many options, a behavioral one, to express an internal “borderline” structure. In line with this statement, the role of social and family factors is to be taken into account. Moreover, within a developmental approach, some authors considered difficult to diagnose a personality disorder before 18 years old, while others considered adolescence as a “borderline” period in itself. In this oral communication, we will try to approach these epistemic challenges raised by this phenomenon in the field of adolescent psychiatry and, in order to do so, we will use data from several qualitative studies.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Neurodevelopment disorders in adolescence and transition into adulthood
Authors: Moscoso A. 
Published: March 2020

The transitional period from adolescence into adulthood is an important developmental stage, known to be a risk factor for mental health problems. Neuropsychiatric disorders are the main cause of disability for young people aged 10–24 years and they seem to precede mental health disorders in adults. Since persistence of an adolescent episode is a strong predictor of outcome, giving proper care during critical stages might prevent later life psychiatric morbidity arising from adolescent-onset disorders. Mental health services for adolescents have evolved from non-specific secondary treatment to more extensive treatment goals, where prevention and early diagnosis take place; at the same time, specific therapeutic tools for adolescents are increasing and put into practice. In Europe, both child and adolescent psychiatrists (CAP) and adult psychiatrists treat adolescents, and for a few countries, the specialty of adolescent psychiatry exists. In this symposium, we propose to address new strategies to treat adolescents with defying pathologies that often pose problems; we will do it through the scope of CAP and adult psychiatry.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
What makes UK, Switzerland and Sweden attractive to trainees?
Authors: Mogren T. , Holmes K. , Biskup E. , Pinto da Costa M. 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionMigration of medical professionals has a global impact on healthcare and services, including on mental health. Exploring the reasons for migration and why psychiatric trainees consider to migrate to certain countries is therefore crucial to understand the decision-making process related to migration of psychiatric trainees as well as of future specialists.ObjectivesThe aims of this Brain Drain Survey, was to research which countries most trainees in Europe migrate to (host countries) and for which reasons trainees choose to migrate to these countries (“pull factors”).MethodsIn a multicenter, cross-sectional study, data was collected in 33 countries. As part of the survey, all participants responded to a questionnaire exploring trainees’ experiences and attitudes towards migration.ResultsOur results showed that Sweden, Switzerland and the UK were all significant net hosts. The percentage of immigrants varied between these countries. One of the main contributors as a “pull” factor was unsurprisingly, salary. It is notable that all three-host countries were within the highest wage brackets within our survey.ConclusionsPsychiatric trainees tend to migrate to countries with higher income.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Getting started: Toolbox for a successful private practice
Authors: Nawka A. 
Published: March 2020

Starting a private practice can be on one hand the most exciting step you will take in your career, on the other hand it can be at the same time the most intimidating one. First of all, take the time to really think through what you want your work schedule and surroundings to be like and then set up your office the way it will work best for you. You may not get every item on your wish list right away, but do not be afraid to try to set it up just the way you want. Build a healthy network of collaborative clinicians around your practice. Your colleagues can be a great source of referrals to your practice. And without refferals, it is difficult to maintain sufficient patient turnout. That is also why a big part of private practice is marketing. If you want to establish and develop a successful business, you must sell yourself and your practice. Beside your role as a clinician, you will also be running a business. If you seek out some private-practice coaching, you might save a lot of time. Private practice can be wonderful, it is not for everyone. Some therapists find being in a solo private practice very tiring and lonely. For some psychiatrists, the ideal is actually a group practice that has therapists, counsellors, social workers and psychologists so that supervision can be done from a multidisciplinary perspective.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Effect of vaccination on severity and infectiousness of measles during an outbreak in the Netherlands, 2013–2014
Authors: van Dam A.S.G. , Woudenberg T. , de Melker H.E. , Wallinga J. , Hahné S.J.M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
An outbreak of measles in the Netherlands in 2013–2014 provided an opportunity to assess the effect of MMR vaccination on severity and infectiousness of measles.
Measles is notifiable in the Netherlands. We used information on vaccination, hospitalisation, complications, and most likely source(s) of infection from cases notified during the outbreak. When a case was indicated as a likely source for at least one other notified case, we defined it as infectious. We estimated the age-adjusted effect of vaccination on severity and infectiousness with logistic regression.
Of 2676 notified cases, 2539 (94.9%) were unvaccinated, 121 (4.5%) were once-vaccinated and 16 (0.6%) were at least twice-vaccinated; 328 (12.3%) cases were reported to have complications and 172 (6.4%) cases were hospitalised. Measles in twice-vaccinated cases led less often to complications and/or hospitalisation than measles in unvaccinated cases (0% and 14.5%, respectively, aOR 0.1 (95% CI 0–0.89), P = 0.03). Of unvaccinated, once-vaccinated and twice-vaccinated cases, respectively, 194 (7.6%), seven (5.1%) and 0 (0%) were infectious. These differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
Our findings suggest a protective effect of vaccination on the occurrence of complications and/or hospitalisation as a result of measles and support the WHO recommendation of a two-dose MMR vaccination schedule.
Whole grain and cereal fibre intake in the Australian Health Survey: associations to CVD risk factors
Authors: Barrett Eden M , Batterham Marijka J , Beck Eleanor J 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective:To explore associations of whole grain and cereal fibre intake to CVD risk factors in Australian adults.Design:Cross-sectional analysis. Intakes of whole grain and cereal fibre were examined in association to BMI, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), serum lipid concentrations, C-reactive protein, systolic BP, fasting glucose and HbA1c.Setting:Australian Health Survey 2011–2013.Participants:A population-representative sample of 7665 participants over 18 years old.Results:Highest whole grain consumers (T3) had lower BMI (T0 26·8 kg/m2, T3 26·0 kg/m2, P < 0·0001) and WC (T0 92·2 cm, T3 90·0 cm, P = 0·0005) compared with non-consumers (T0), although only WC remained significant after adjusting for dietary and lifestyle factors, including cereal fibre intake (P = 0·03). Whole grain intake was marginally inversely associated with fasting glucose (P = 0·048) and HbA1c (P = 0·03) after adjusting for dietary and lifestyle factors, including cereal fibre intake. Cereal fibre intake was inversely associated with BMI (P < 0·0001) and WC (P < 0·0008) and tended to be inversely associated with total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apo-B concentrations, although associations were attenuated after further adjusting for BMI and lipid-lowering medication use.Conclusions:The extent to which cereal fibre is responsible for the CVD-protective associations of whole grains may vary depending on the mediators involved. Longer-term intervention studies directly comparing whole grain and non-whole grain diets of similar cereal fibre contents (such as through the use of bran or added-fibre refined grain products) are needed to confirm independent effects.
Modeling the emergence of North African knapweed (Centaurea diluta), an increasingly troublesome weed in Spain
Authors: Sousa-Ortega Carlos , Royo-Esnal Aritz , DiTommaso Antonio , Izquierdo Jordi , Loureiro Iñigo , Marí Ana I. , Cordero Fernando , Vargas Manuel , Saavedra Milagros , Paramio José A. , Fernández José L. , Torra Joel , Urbano José M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNorth African knapweed (Centaurea diluta Aiton) is an annual weed that is widespread in southern Spain and is of increasing concern in dryland cropping systems. Despite its expanding range in Spain, there is limited information on the emergence timing and pattern of this species, knowledge of which is critical for developing more timely and effective management strategies. Therefore, there is a need to develop simple and reliable models to predict the timing and emergence of this annual weed under dryland conditions. A multi-location field experiment was established across Spain in 2016 to 2017 to assess the emergence of C. diluta. At each of 11 locations, seeds were sown in the fall, and emergence was recorded. Overall emergence averaged 39% in the first year across all sites and 11% in the second year. In both years, the main emergence flush occurred at the beginning of the growing season. A three-parameter Weibull function best described seedling emergence of C. diluta. Emergence models were developed based on thermal time (TT) and hydrothermal time (HTT) and showed high predictability, as evidenced by root mean-square error prediction values of 10.8 and 10.7, respectively. Three cardinal points were established for TT and HHT at 0.5, 10, and 35 C for base, optimal, and ceiling temperatures, respectively, while base water potential was estimated at −0.5 MPa.
Grounding Line Retreat of Denman Glacier, East Antarctica, Measured With COSMO‐SkyMed Radar Interferometry Data
Authors: Brancato V. , Rignot E. , Milillo P. , Morlighem M. , Mouginot J. , An L. , Scheuchl B. , Jeong S. , Rizzoli P. , Bueso Bello J. L. , Prats‐Iraola P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDenman Glacier, East Antarctica, holds an ice volume equivalent to a 1.5 m rise in global sea level. Using satellite radar interferometry from the COSMO‐SkyMed constellation, we detect a 5.4 ± 0.3 km grounding line retreat between 1996 and 2017–2018. A novel reconstruction of the glacier bed topography indicates that the retreat proceeds on the western flank along a previously unknown 5 km wide, 1,800 m deep trough, deepening to 3,400 m below sea level. On the eastern flank, the grounding line is stabilized by a 10 km wide ridge. At tidal frequencies, the grounding line extends over a several kilometer‐wide grounding zone, enabling warm ocean water to melt ice at critical locations for glacier stability. If warm, modified Circumpolar Deep Water reaches the sub‐ice‐shelf cavity and continues to melt ice at a rate exceeding balance conditions, the potential exists for Denman Glacier to retreat irreversibly into the deepest, marine‐based basin in Antarctica.
Trends and Variability in Stratospheric NOx Derived From Merged SAGE II and OSIRIS Satellite Observations
Authors: Dubé Kimberlee , Randel William , Bourassa Adam , Zawada Daniel , McLinden Chris , Degenstein Doug 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNitrogen oxides (NOx) in the stratosphere are produced from N2O, which is the dominant emission contributing to stratospheric ozone depletion in the 21st century and an important anthropogenic greenhouse gas. Decades worth of observations are required in order to quantify the variability and trends in stratospheric NOx so that we can better understand their impact on climate. Here we use the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II, a solar occultation instrument that measured NO2 from 1984 to 2005, and the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS), a limb‐scattering instrument that began measuring NO2 in 2001. By taking advantage of the 4‐year overlap between these instruments it was possible to produce a merged data set of stratospheric NO2, spanning over 34 years. In order to merge the data a photochemical correction was applied to account for the different times of day at which the instruments measure, and to convert the NO2 to NOx. A linear regression model was applied to the merged, deseasonalized data set to identify variability associated with long‐term trends, the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO), and volcanic aerosols. High levels of aerosol associated with large volcanic eruptions were found to greatly influence the calculated trend; when volcanic periods are excluded the trend in NOx is around 10% per decade in the tropical lower stratosphere. In this case, the observed trends and variability from the satellite measurements show overall good agreement with simulations from the whole atmosphere community climate model (WACCM).
Numerically Relevant Timescales in the MG2 Microphysics Model
Authors: Santos Sean Patrick , Caldwell Peter M. , Bretherton Christopher S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClimate models rely on parameterizations of a variety of processes in the atmospheric physics, but a common concern is that the temporal resolution is too coarse to consistently resolve the behavior that individual parameterizations are designed to capture. This study examines timescales numerically derived from the Morrison‐Gettelman (MG2) microphysics as implemented within the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, version 1 (E3SMv1). Numerically relevant timescales in MG2 are derived by computing the eigenspectrum of its Jacobian. These timescales are found to often be smaller than the default 5 min time step used for MG2. The fast timescales are then heuristically connected to individual microphysics processes. By substepping a few particular rain processes within MG2, the time discretization error for those processes was considerably reduced with minimal additional expense to the overall microphysics. While this improvement has a substantial effect on the target processes and on the vertical distribution of stratiform‐derived rain within E3SMv1, the overall model climate is found to not be sensitive to MG2 time step. We hypothesize that this is because the surface climate does not depend strongly on certain process rates, especially MG2's rain evaporation rate.
E-DNA scaffold sensors and the reagentless, single-step, measurement of HIV-diagnostic antibodies in human serum
Authors: Parolo Claudio , Greenwood Ava S. , Ogden Nathan E. , Kang Di , Hawes Chase , Ortega Gabriel , Arroyo-Currás Netzahualcóyotl , Plaxco Kevin W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe multiplexed, point-of-care measurement of specific antibodies could improve the speed with which diseases are diagnosed and their treatment initiated. To this end, we are developing E-DNA scaffold sensors, which consist of a rigid, nucleic acid “scaffold” attached on one end to an electrode and presenting both a redox reporter and an epitope on the other. In the absence of antibody, the reporter efficiently transfers electrons when interrogated electrochemically. Binding-induced steric hindrance limits movement, reducing electron transfer in a manner that is both easily measured and quantitatively related to target concentration. Previously we have used monoclonal antibodies to explore the analytical performance of E-DNA sensors, showing that they support the rapid, single-step, quantitative detection of multiple antibodies in small volume samples. Here, in contrast, we employ authentic human samples to better explore the platform’s clinical potential. Specifically, we developed E-DNA sensors targeting three HIV-specific antibodies and then compared the analytical and clinical performance of these against those of gold standard serological techniques. Doing so we find that, although the multistep amplification of an ELISA leads to a lower detection limits, the clinical sensitivity of ELISAs, E-DNA sensors and lateral-flow dipsticks are indistinguishable across our test set. It thus appears that, by merging the quantitation and multiplexing of ELISAs with the convenience and speed of dipsticks, E-DNA scaffold sensors could significantly improve on current serological practice.
Wafer-scale 3D shaping of high aspect ratio structures by multistep plasma etching and corner lithography
Authors: Ni Shu , Berenschot Erwin J. W. , Westerik Pieter J. , de Boer Meint J. , Wolf René , Le-The Hai , Gardeniers Han J. G. E. , Tas Niels R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe current progress of system miniaturization relies extensively on the development of 3D machining techniques to increase the areal structure density. In this work, a wafer-scale out-of-plane 3D silicon (Si) shaping technology is reported, which combines a multistep plasma etching process with corner lithography. The multistep plasma etching procedure results in high aspect ratio structures with stacked semicircles etched deep into the sidewall and thereby introduces corners with a proper geometry for the subsequent corner lithography. Due to the geometrical contrast between the gaps and sidewall, residues are left only inside the gaps and form an inversion mask inside the semicircles. Using this mask, octahedra and donuts can be etched in a repeated manner into Si over the full wafer area, which demonstrates the potential of this technology for constructing high-density 3D structures with good dimensional control in the bulk of Si wafers.