bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additive manufacturing and injection molding process for mass-production of face shields during COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative study&nbsp;
Authors: Kunkel Maria Elizete , Vasques Mayra Torres , Perfeito João Aléssio Juliano , Zambrana Nataly Rabelo Mina , Bina Tainara dos Santos , Passoni Laura Helena de Melo , Ribeiro Thamires Verri , Rodrigues Sandra Maria Sousa , Castro Renato Ortolani Marcondes de , Ota Natacha Harumi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Face shield is a personal protective equipment required for healthcare professionals to decrease the risk of contamination during the COVID-19. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most applied process of additive manufacturing due to its usability and low-cost. The injection molding (IM) is the fastest process for mass industrial production. The comparison between the FDM and IM process to produce plastic parts is well known, but this study is the first to perform a qualitative comparison of these processes for mass-production and distribution of face shields in a pandemic. The design of the face shield was developed in three prototyping cycles based on requirements of medical, Brazilian regulatory standards, manufacturing, and production. The FDM manufacturing of 35,000 face shields was carried out by a volunteer network using low-cost 3D printer and the IM manufacturing of 80,000 was carried out by partner companies. With the production of face shields through the FDM process, it was possible to make daily deliveries of small batches to local hospitals. A total of 80,000 face shields was produced in larger batches by the IM process and delivered to remote regions in Brazil. Considering the manufacturing resilience of the processes (quality, costs, and production time), in a situation such as the current COVID-19 pandemic with disturbances and uncertainties, both FDM and IM processes are suitable for mass production of face shields. The FDM process promotes a fast-daily production once a committed network of volunteers is formed in strategic regions. The IM process was the best option for large scale production of face shields and delivery to remote regions without the availability of 3D printers.
Water quality improvement measures at the Yagang cross-section in the Pearl River Delta based on the calculation of excessive pollutant fluxes
Authors: Pang Min , Xu Ruichen , Zhu Tianyi , Wang Changfangzi , Kaisam John Paul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify the sources of pollution in the Yagang River Basin. A 1-D hydrodynamic model and a 1-D water quality model were combined with the excessive pollutant flux analysis method to calculate pollution data of the Yagang area. The results showed that upstream pollution was the primary cause of water quality degradation for the Yagang Basin, exceeding the water quality standards. In addition, the pollution problem ranking of the entire basin was as follows: the Yagang area (30.4%) &gt; the Foshan area (23.2%) &gt; the Baini River Basin (13.1%) &gt; the Liuxi River Basin (0.6%). In addition, the rainy season had the greatest influence on pollution concentrations. It was also concluded that if the boundary water quality could meet the inspection requirements (class IV water), and the internal research area sewage collection rate reached 60%, the ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) in the river discharge would reach 35.7%. This would allow the water quality at the Yagang cross-section to reach standard class IV.
Method Development and Validation for Multicomponent Analysis of Emtricitabine and Ritonavir in Bulk Drug by RP-HPLC
Authors: Kapoor Aman , Ankalgi Amar Deep , Thakur Upasana , Pandit Vinay , Ashawat Mahendra Singh 
Published: December 2020

A simple, sensitive, economic and specific reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Emtricitabine and Ritonavir in bulk drug. Chromatographic conditions consisted of C-18 Column (Shim-pack) 250 x 4.6 mm, particle size 5 µm , mobile phase combination of methanol and water (80:20), flow rate 1ml per minutes, run time 15 minutes and UV detection at 251nm. . The retention time for Emtricitabine and Ritonavir were found to be 3.25 and 7.8 min and average percentage recoveries 99.42% and 99.63% respectively. The validation parameters were found to comply with ICH guidelines. These methods can be further employed in future for the routine determination of Emtricitabine and Ritonavir in bulk drug and formulation.
Keyword: Emtricitabine, Ritonavir, RP-HPLC, accuracy and linearity.
Method Development, Validation and Stability Indicating Studies for Simultaneous Estimation of Anti-Hypertensive Drugs from Pharmaceutical Formulation by RP-HPLC
Authors: Bhalme V. M. , Jumade P. P. , Bawankar Ram D , Wanjari D. S. , Mundhada D. R. 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Method development, validation & stability indicating studies for simultaneous estimation of Anti-Hypertensive drugs, Benidepine (BEN) and Metoprolol (MET) from pharmaceutical formulation by RP-HPLC.
Methods: For present work, reverse phase chromatography was selected as its suggested use for ionic and moderate to non-polar compounds. Reverse phase chromatography is simple, suitable, better regarding efficiency, stability, and reproducibility. C18 packed column, a 100 X 2.1mm. ID column of 5.0 μm particle packing, was selected for separation of BEN and MET. Different solvent systems were tried and optimized in combinations as mobile phase. BEN (4 μg/ml) and MET (50 μg/ml) in 15mM ammonium formate-Methanol (15:85 v/v) was developed as it was showing good peak shapes and a significant amount of resolution. The mobile phase was flowed at 1.2 ml/min with detection of BEN analytes at 236 nm and MET analytes at 225 nm respectively.
Result: Method development was done. Specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection and limit of quantitation were used to accomplish validation. The method was found linear from 32.5 – 500 µg.ml-1 for both BEN and MET individually. The percentage recovery of BEN when placed for period of 12 hours was found to 100% in 0.1N/M NaOH at 60˚C and Thermal (60˚C); 12 % degradation in 0.1N/M HCl at 60˚C; Oxidation (3-6% H2O2) at room temperature whereas for MET was 100 % in 0.1N/M NaOH, 0.1N/M HCl at 60˚C, at thermal (60˚C) as well as oxidation by 3-6% H2O2 at room temperature.
Conclusion: Developed analytical method for the simultaneous estimation of Benidipine (BED) and Metoprolol (MET) in both bulk and tablet formulation has obliged the ICH guidelines including, tailing factor (T), separation factors (α), theoretical plates (N), capacity factor (k’), resolution (R) and RSD (%). The validated stress degradation studies under thermal, oxidative, alkali and acid ascertained few degradation products for Benidipine whereas the Metoprolol was unaffected with forced degradation studies.
Keywords: Benidipine, Metoprolol, Reverse-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Stability indicating method.
Introduksjon: Når krig blir hverdag
Authors: Holm Minda , Dreyer Jakob 
Published: December 2020

Dette er introduksjonsartikkelen til fokusnummeret "Når krig blir hverdag. Militæraktivisme i de skandinaviske landenes utenriks- og sikkerhetspolitikk".
Abstract in English: When War Becomes Daily LifeThis is the introductory article for the special issue "When War Becomes Daily Life. Military activism in the Scandinavian Countries Foreign and Security Policies".
Regnskapsplikten for små foretak med forenklinger i fokus1
Authors: Baksaas Kjell Magne , Stenheim Tonny 
Published: December 2020

Ulike regler for finansregnskap og skatteregnskap medfører betydelige administrative byrder for små foretak. Slike byrder bør reduseres, og Finansdepartementet utreder nå muligheten for ytterligere forenklinger ved i større grad å harmonisere regnskaps- og skattereglene (se Schwencke, 2019). Robuste og reelle forenklinger må balansere mellom på den ene siden de formålene som finansregnskapet og skatteregnskapet har, og på den andre siden hva som kan gi størst lettelser.
Vi argumenterer for at harmonisering av regler for innregning og måling i finansregnskapet og skatteregnskapet kan skje på en rekke områder. Blant annet kan det oppnås stor grad av harmonisering for anleggsmidler, varer og kundefordringer ved at skattereglene i noen grad tilpasses reglene for finansregnskapet. Det skal imidlertid være enkelt å kontrollere etterlevelsen av skattereglene, og dette vil gjerne føre til regler som gir lite rom for bruk av skjønn. Dette kan i noen grad stå i et motsetningsforhold til finansregnskapets formål, som også for små foretak er å gi beslutningsnyttig informasjon. Spesielt viktig er det at finansregnskapet reflekterer urealiserte tap. Hvert foretak må uavhengig av forenklingsreglene se til at finansregnskapet som helhet ikke gir et for positivt bilde av resultat og balanse.
Vi mener det bør innføres en egen foretakskategori for særlig små foretak (mikroforetak), med betydelige forenklinger gjennom å videreutvikle koblingsmodellen, det vil si lempinger ved måling av utsatt skatt, og innføre forenklede krav til oppstillingsplanene. Forenklingsreglene bør velges ved sporvalg.
Vi foreslår også at formuesfastsettelsen i langt større grad enn i dag skjer med utgangspunkt i regnskapsmessige verdier. Dette vil gi betydelig forenkling.
Bruk av informasjon fra foretaks miljørapportering til ressursallokerings- og kontrollformål
Authors: Fallan Even 
Published: December 2020

Formålet med studien er å undersøke ulike norske interessentgruppers etterspørsel etter og bruk av foretaks miljørapportering.1 På grunn av de miljøutfordringer samfunnet står overfor, er slik kunnskap viktig i seg selv. Generelt kan studier av etterspørsel etter miljørapportering si noe om i hvilken grad dagens miljørapporteringspraksis blir oppfattet å være vesentlig og nyttig. Dette er ekstra relevant siden det er dokumentert at den generelle kvaliteten på foretaks miljørapportering er svært lav. På sikt kan kunnskap om etterspørsel og bruk bidra til å identifisere og eventuelt tette forventningsgap mellom tilbud og etterspørsel etter foretaks miljørapportering.2
De tradisjonelle formålene med regnskap blir benyttet som rammeverk for å analysere bruken av rapporteringen. Miljørapportering har imidlertid noen naturlige særtrekk som utvider grensene sammenlignet med finansregnskapet, slik som eksterne effekter og ikke-finansielle målsettinger. Det er derfor utviklet et rammeverk som spesifiserer fire typer bruk av (og etterspørsel etter) informasjon. Ressursallokeringsformålet deles i verdsettingsformål og andre ressursallokeringsformål. Kontrollformålet deles i bruk av informasjon ex-ante og ex-post.
Feltstudiens empiri stammer fra intervjuer med og/eller dokumentstudier knyttet til 23 interessenter fra ulike interessentgrupper (investorer, kreditorer, kunder/innkjøpere, NGO-er, og ulike myndigheter). Både privat og offentlig sektor og enheter med profitt- og ideelt/sektorpolitisk formål er inkludert.
GUNUNG KAWI TEMPLE TAMPAKSIRING: RELIGIOUS EDUCATION SITE DURING ANCIENT BALI
Authors: Prawirajaya R Kadek Dedy , Purwanto Heri , Titasari Coleta Palupi 
Published: December 2020

Kajian terhadap bangunan suci yang berfungsi sebagai tempat pendidikan agama masa lalu yang sering disebut dengan mandala kadewaguruan jarang disentuh oleh peneliti. Candi Gunung Kawi Tampaksiring sebagai salah satu bangunan suci keagamaan masa lalu telah memberikan petunjuk bahwa kemungkinan tempat ini difungsikan juga sebagai ruang belajar-mengajar. Untuk itu studi ini ingin menelusuri bukti-bukti yang memperkuat dugaan tersebut dan ingin menjelaskan kehidupan masyarakat pendukungnya. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengamatan langsung ke lapangan (observasi) dan studi pustaka. Analisis data yaitu mengunakan analisis kualitatif, kontekstual, dan komparatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Candi Gunung Kawi Tampaksiring merupakan sebuah bangunan suci yang berstatus sebagai mandala kadewaguruan. Hal ini buktikan dengan beberapa variabel yakni tempat yang luas, ditemukan berbagai tinggalan arkeologi keagamaan, ditemukan gerabah, dan diberitakan dalam prasasti. Kehidupan yang dilakukan oleh kaum ṛṣidan pertapa menunjukkan aktivitas yang kompleks yakni memenuhi kebutuhan sosial yang berkenaan dengan kegiatan estafet pendidikan agama, memenuhi kebutuhan religius yang senantiasa mengadakan berbagai upacara keagamaan, dan memenuhi kebutuhan hidup yang berkaitan dengan makanan dan minuman. The study of sacred buildings that served as religious education sites in the past or often called as rarely carried out by researchers. Gunung Kawi Temple Tampaksiring as one of the sacred religious buildings in the past has given hints of the possibility of this place used as learning and teaching space. For this reason, this study aims to find out the evidence that reinforce the assumption and to explain the life of the supporting community. Data was collected through observations and literature reviews. The data was analyzed by using qualitative, contextual and comparative analysis. The results of this study show that Gunung Kawi Temple is a sacred building with a Mandala Kadewaguruan status. It is proven by evidences such as, i.e. its wide place, variety of religious remains findings, ceramics findings, and inscription reports. The life of the rṣi dan hermits showed complex activities meeting social needs related to learning and teaching,fulfilling religious needs by conducting various ceremonies as well as fulfilling the needs life related to foods and drinks.
Efecte ale stilului de leadership asupra performantei în mediul organizational
Authors: Stăvilă Rîlea Veronica 
Published: December 2020

Bazându-se pe teoria leadershipul-ui transformațional; studiul de față investighează tipul de leadership ca predictor al performanței manifestată prin tipurile de comportamente la locul de muncă a 60 de manageri din mediul organizațional. Pentru evaluarea acestor leaderi au fost implicați în cercetare 138 de participanți subalterni ai acestor manageri. Acestora li s-au aplicat, pentru măsurarea predictorilor, chestionarul de personalitate BFQ si chestionarul heteroevaluator a tipului de leadership MLQ (Multifactor Leadership Questionaire). Pentru măsurarea variabilelor criteriu s-au aplicat următoarele instrumente: IODS ce măsoară comportamentele contraproductive la locul de muncă, Scala CCO care evaluează comportamentul cetățenesc organizațional manifestat la locul de muncă, si MLQ prin intermediul căruia s-a evaluat efortul suplimentar depus de către subordonați, satisfacția cu managerul si eficiența superiorului. Rezultatele obținute în urma acestui studiu, indică faptul că comportamentelele prosociale sunt relaționate pozitiv cu un stil de leadership Transformațional si negativ de stilul de leadership Laissez-Faire. Comportamentele contraproductive sunt asociate pozitiv cu un stil de leadership Laissez-Faire si negativ cu Leadership-ul Transformațional. Conform rezultatelor obținute în studiul de față efectele leadershipului tranzacțional asupra comportamentelor prosociale si deviante manifestate de către subalterni la locul de muncă sunt nesemnificative.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG IMUNISASI CAMPAK DENGAN KETERCAPAIAN IMUNISASI CAMPAK DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS CIPAKU KABUPATEN CIAMIS TAHUN 2020
Authors: Zen Dini Nurbaeti , Ramdani Dea Restu 
Published: December 2020

Penyakit campak merupakan penyakit menular yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan bayi dan anak. Campak juga merupakan penyakit endemik di negara berkembang salah satunya di Indonesia yang masih menempati urutan ke-5 penyakit yang menyerang pada bayi dan balita. Penyakit campak termasuk penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan tindakan imunisasi dan mendapat perhatian lebih dari pemerintah karena Indonesia ikut serta dalam program eliminasi campak pada tahun 2020 dengan cakupan campak minimal 95% di setiap wilayah secara merata. Kemenkes RI menjelaskan terkait cakupan imunisasi itu berhubungan erat dengan pengetahuan dan sikap keluarga akan manfaat dari imunisasi. Semakin tinggi pengetahuan dan sikap semakin tinggi pula angka cakupannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional, jenis penelitian ini tujuannya untuk menemukan ada atau tidaknya hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi campak dengan ketercapaian imunisasi campak pada bayi. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu berjumlah 88 orang Ibu yang memiliki bayi. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah proportionate stratified random sampling. Pada pengambilan data yaitu dengan memberikan kuesioner dan lembar observasi. Untuk Uji statistik pada penelitiam ini menggunakan product moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi campak dengan ketercapaian imunisasi campak pada bayi di Puskesmas Cipaku Kabupaten Ciamis Tahun 2020 dengan nilai ρ value < α (0,000 < 0,05). Saran dari penelitian ini diharapkan bagi instansi kesehatan, tenaga kesehatan terutama orang tua lebih meningkatkan kembali kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan khususnya imunisasi campak dan mempertahankan pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi campak dengan baik.
SULFUR-CONTAINING HETEROCYCLES OF BENZENE AND HEXANE IN THE QUANTUM THEORY OF ATOMS IN MOLECULES
Authors: Русакова Наталья Петровна , Курочкин Георгий Александрович , Софронова Юлия Ивановна , Туровцев Владимир Владимирович 
Published: December 2020

Изучено распределение электронной плотности 14 циклических соединений и одного нециклического. Проведен анализ зарядов и объемов групп, найдены группы доноры и акцепторы электронной плотности. Рассмотрено изменение электронной плотности серосодержащих групп под влиянием окружения.
The electron density distribution of 14 cyclic compounds and one non-cyclic compound was studied. The group charges and group volumes were analyzed, and the electron density donor and acceptor groups were found. Changes in the electronic density of sulfur-containing groups under the influence of the environment are considered.
INFLUENCE OF GAS-PHASE REDUCTION DURATION ON THE COMPOSITION OF POLYMER-STABILIZED CATALYTIC SYSTEMS OF LIQUID-PHASE HYDROGENATION OF BENZENE
Authors: Быков Алексей Владимирович , Демиденко Галина Николаевна , Никошвили Линда Жанновна 
Published: December 2020

В работе исследовано влияние продолжительности восстановления металлосодержащих полимерстабилизированных систем Ме/MN100 на их активность в процессе жидкофазного гидрирования бензола. Каталитические системы охарактеризованы методами инфракрасной спектроскопии диффузного отражения и рентгенофотоэлектронной спектроскопии. В ходе исследования показано, что продолжительность восстановления в токе водорода при 300С влияет на активность изученных систем и состав их поверхности.
The effect of the reduction duration of metal-containing polymer-stabilized Me/MN100 systems on their activity in the process of liquid-phase hydrogenation of benzene is studied. Catalytic systems are characterized by diffuse reflection infrared spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The study shows that the duration of reduction in the hydrogen flow at 300C affects the activity of the studied systems and the composition of their surface.
COMPLIANCE Y CRIMINAL COMPLIANCE
Authors: Cueva Ruesta Wilmer Cesar Enrique 
Published: December 2020

El artículo científico tiene por problemática central ¿Cuál es la diferencia o diferencias concretas entre el compliance y criminal compliance? A raíz de observar en la doctrina tanto nacional como internacional una cierta confusión terminológica de dichas ideas, pues las utilizan como si fueran sinónimas cuando no lo son, es decir, existe un uso indiscriminado e indistinto de ambas categorías, la primera de ellas, el compliance no es una institución jurídica no al menos de manera inicial, sino que comenzó en otras áreas del saber humano como el empresarial y el médico y quizá por ello existe aún la confusión de concepto, por ello objetivo central fue establecer dichas diferencias dogmáticas y prácticas, haciendo uso del análisis documental y de contenido de la diferente doctrina existente.
ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ОСНОВНЫХ БИЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕССОВ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ В МЕТОДОЛОГИИ ARIS
Authors: Абдуллаев Нурмагомед Алигаджиевич , Абдуллаева Мадина Гаджимурадовна 
Published: December 2020

Цель работы. В статье рассматривается моделирование основных бизнес-процессов предприятия, используя различные нотации в инструментальной среде моделирования бизнес-процессов ARIS Express. Метод или методология проведения работы. Построена организационная структура предприятия, выявлены бизнес-процессы и моделирован основной бизнес-процесс. Результаты. Выявлены особенности ОАО «Махачкалинского хлебозавода № 2», проведена проверка и изучение деятельности этого предприятия, описана структура отделов и отделов. Построены модели бизнес-процессов компании с использованием методики ARIS – Architecture of the IntegratedInformation Systems, разработанной профессором А.В. Шеером, проводится анализ бизнес-процессов «Закупка товара» и «Приемка снятого товара на склад снятий» и делаются предложения по его оптимизации. Основной целью моделирования бизнес-процессов является анализ и, следовательно, оптимизация и перепрофилирование бизнес-процессов на основе результатов анализа. Область применения результатов. Итоги проведенного анализа имеют все шансы быть использованы практически для каждого предприятия, так как сегодня успех компании зависит от хорошего знания, эксплуатации и управления бизнес-процессами. Выводы. Делается вывод, что моделирование бизнес-процессов –это метод повышения организационной эффективности и качества. Его начало было положено в бизнесе, ориентированном на капитал/прибыль, но методология применима к любой организованной деятельности.
COVID-19 ON BEHÇET’S DISEASE PATIENT : SHED LIGHT ON SHADOWS (CASE REPORT)
Authors: Ezzouine Hanane , Simou Mehdi , Louadghiri Aymane El , Louardi Mounir , Khaoury Imane , Mansour Akram , Abidi Med Amine , Charra Boubaker 
Published: December 2020

A new family type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was first seen in Wuhan, China name coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 primarily attacks the respiratory system, but several studies have shown that infection with SARS-COV-2 can cause thrombosis and have therefore considered COVID-19 to be a prothrombotic disease.
Behçet's disease (MB) is a systemic vasculitis. Its ethiopathogeny is still poorly understood. Blood vessels of any caliber can be affected. Arterial involvement, such as thrombosis and / or aneurysm, is possible.
This article reports the case of SARS-COV-2 infection in a patient with behcet's disease.