bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Ba and Mo co-doping on the structural, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of BiFeO3 ceramics
Authors: Sen Aungkan , Hasan Md Khalid , Islam Zahidul , Hassan Md. Rahat Al , Zaman Tasmia , Matin M A , Gulshan Fahmida 
Published: January 2020

Abstract:
In this work,

Bi

0.8

Ba

0.2

Fe

1
−
x

Mo

x

O

3

(x = 0, 0.5, 0.10 and 0.15) ceramics were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction to evaluate the influence of Ba2+ and Mo6+ co-doping on the structure, morphology, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of

BiFeO

3

ceramic. Rietveld refinement of x-ray diffraction data was done to obtain the subtle structural information. A tetragonal structure of P4mm type was revealed for

Bi

0.8

Ba

0.2

FeO

3

(x = 0) ceramic. Evolution of rhombohedral (R3c) phase was observed with Mo6+ doping and a complete transformation to R3c phase from P4mm was found for 15 wt% Mo6+ doping. This type of transformation causes distortion in the structure and results in changing bond angle. Magnetization was found to be improved with increasing the percentage of Mo6+ up to 10 wt%. Canting of spin due to the change in Fe-O-Fe bond angle is believed to be the main reason behind this improvement. One secondary phase

BaMoO

4

was found and becomes prominent with Mo6+ doping. Possible formation of this impurity and its correlation with properties are explained. Microstructural analysis was done to observe the Ba2+ and Mo6+ co-doping effect on grain size and distribution. A correlation of grain size with electric and magnetic properties is drawn and elucidated. Dielectric constant shows an increasing trend with Mo6+ doping. Reduction in oxygen vacancy, due to charge compensation upon high charged Mo6+ addition, believed to be the staple reason behind the dielectric constant increment. Lastly, optical band gap energy found to be decreased with the addition of Mo6+ and possible reasons behind this are evaluated. Overall, co-doping of Ba2+ and Mo6+ found to have a positive influence over materials electrical, optical as well as magnetic property.
Optimized foam filling configuration in bi-tubular crush boxes; a comprehensive experimental and numerical analysis
Authors: Salaripoor Hamidreza , Azimi Mohammadbagher B , Asgari Masoud 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study focuses on introducing optimized foam filled double-walled energy absorbers. To this end, different geometries and foam densities is proposed with different foam configuration including foam inside the inner wall or between the tubes. A comprehensive experimental study has been done via construction and testing different unique structures. By extracting experimental force-displacement plots of all the structures, crashworthiness behavior of the structures is studied. Based on the decision making algorithm of COPRAS the best configuration is obtained using

F

max

,

SEA

and

CFE

as the decision functions. Finite element model of some selected structures are developed in LS-DYNA explicit dynamic software and validated using test results. Based on the best found configuration a new set of FE models are analyzed to create a meta-model by employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the thicknesses of inner and outer walls are optimized via a multi-objective optimization algorithm.
Experimental animal models of coronary microvascular dysfunction
Authors: Sorop Oana , van de Wouw Jens , Chandler Selena , Ohanyan Vahagn , Tune Johnathan D , Chilian William M , Merkus Daphne , Bender Shawn B , Duncker Dirk J 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCoronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is commonly present in patients with metabolic derangements and is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to myocardial ischaemia, both in the presence and absence of epicardial coronary atherosclerosis. The latter condition is termed ‘ischaemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease’ (INOCA). Notwithstanding the high prevalence of INOCA, effective treatment remains elusive. Although to date there is no animal model for INOCA, animal models of CMD, one of the hallmarks of INOCA, offer excellent test models for enhancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of CMD and for investigating novel therapies. This article presents an overview of currently available experimental models of CMD—with an emphasis on metabolic derangements as risk factors—in dogs, swine, rabbits, rats, and mice. In all available animal models, metabolic derangements are most often induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and/or diabetes mellitus via injection of alloxan or streptozotocin, but there is also a wide variety of spontaneous as well as transgenic animal models which develop metabolic derangements. Depending on the number, severity, and duration of exposure to risk factors—all these animal models show perturbations in coronary microvascular (endothelial) function and structure, similar to what has been observed in patients with INOCA and comorbid conditions. The use of these animal models will be instrumental in identifying novel therapeutic targets and for the subsequent development and testing of novel therapeutic interventions to combat ischaemic heart disease, the number one cause of death worldwide.
Emergent TandemHeart-ECMO for acute severe mitral regurgitation with cardiogenic shock and hypoxaemia: a case series
Authors: DiVita Michael , Visveswaran Gautam K , Makam Kasaiah , Naji Peyman , Cohen Marc , Kapoor Saurabh , Saunders Craig R , Zucker Mark J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Acute severe mitral regurgitation (MR) associated with cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening emergency. Traditional teaching has focused on the need for emergent coronary angiography and/or intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in preparation for emergent open-heart surgery for repair/replacement. Unfortunately, emergent open-heart surgery in patients with acute MR complicated by cardiogenic shock is associated with 25–46% perioperative mortality. New devices have provided additional options for stabilization prior to emergent surgery which facilitate improved outcomes.

Case summary
We present two cases of acute severe MR resulting in cardiogenic shock and profound hypoxaemia. TandemHeart® mechanical circulatory support with an oxygenator spliced into the circuit, akin to veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), facilitated haemodynamic stabilization and decongestion of the lungs facilitating successful bridge to mitral valve surgery. Successful discharge to home was achieved in both patients with good neurological outcomes and sustained long-term functional recovery at 18 and 14 months, respectively.

Discussion
Selective use of the TandemHeart®, with or without ECMO, facilitates management of the critically ill cardiogenic shock patient with acute severe MR.
Impact of short-term complications of transcatheter aortic valve replacement on longer-term outcomes: results from the STS/ACC Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry
Authors: Arnold Suzanne V , Manandhar Pratik , Vemulapalli Sreekanth , Kosinski Andrzej , Desai Nimesh D , Bavaria Joseph E , Carroll John D , Mack Michael J , Thourani Vinod H , Cohen David J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aims
While complications of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have decreased, they still occur commonly and may negatively impact both short- and long-term outcomes. We sought to examine the association of complications after TAVR with survival and health status in a real-world cohort.

Methods and results
Among 45 884 TAVR patients from 513 US sites who survived 30 days, 21.4% had at least one major complication [stroke, bleed, vascular complication, new pacemaker, acute kidney injury (AKI), and moderate/severe paravalvular leak (PVL)]. In multivariable models, Stage 3 AKI [hazard ratio (HR) 3.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.64–4.45], stroke (HR 2.62, 95% CI 2.06–3.32), and bleeding (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.55–2.16) were independently associated with significantly increased risk of early death (&lt;3 months) with slight attenuation in these hazards between 3 and 12 months. Moderate/severe PVL (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.21–1.55) and new pacemaker (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05–1.25) were associated with more modest risk of excess mortality that was consistent through 12 months. Among surviving patients, stroke (−6.1 points, 95% CI −8.4 to −3.7), moderate/severe PVL (−3.2 points, 95% CI −4.9 to −1.6), and new pacemaker (−2.3 points, 95% CI −3.2 to −1.5) were associated with less improvement in 1-year health status, as assessed by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire.

Conclusion
In this study of contemporary TAVR, we found that complications remain common within the first 30 days after TAVR and are associated with worse 1-year survival and health status among survivors. These findings support continued efforts to reduce major complications of TAVR and may also help define quality of care.
The 2018 AACC/SYCL PhD Clinical Chemist Compensation Survey
Authors: Bunch Dustin R , El-Khoury Joe M , Colby Jennifer , Colon-Franco Jessica , Hackenmueller Sarah A , Olson Kalen N , Cotten Steven W , Kampfrath Thomas , Chittiprol Seetharamaiah , Suh-Lailam Brenda , French Deborah , Isbell T Scott , Nerenz Robert D , Parnas M Laura , Tolan Nicole V 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Doctoral level board-certified clinical chemists play an invaluable role in many facets of laboratory medicine and healthcare. However, information concerning their total compensation is sparse.

Content
A confidential self-reported compensation survey was conducted by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry’s Society for Young Clinical Laboratorians (AACC SYCL) Core Committee from April 1 to April 17, 2018. Respondents provided information on geographic location, employment sector, gender, and years of experience to account for the influence of these variables on compensation. There were 199 respondents in total from the United States and Canada, however, only respondents employed in the United States with an earned doctoral degree and certification by the American Board of Clinical Chemistry (n = 133), were included in the full analysis. In comparison to compensation reported in AACC SYCL salary surveys conducted in 2010 and 2013, early career median salaries are trending upwards after correction for inflation.

Summary
This survey is the first to collect the gender of respondents, and identify a pay gap for some geographic groups. However, this gap could be due in part to a difference in the years of experience, since males were highly represented in the group with &gt;20 years of experience (25 out of 35, 71%). Future studies on compensation trends within clinical chemistry that do not rely on self-report are needed to ensure accuracy and completeness of the dataset.
Heritability and genetic correlations of feed intake, body weight gain, residual gain, and residual feed intake of beef cattle as heifers and cows
Authors: Freetly Harvey C , Kuehn Larry A , Thallman Richard M , Snelling Warren M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The cow herd consumes approximately 70% of the annual feed resources. To date, most genetic evaluations of feed intake in beef cattle have been made in growing animals and little information is available for mature cows. Genetic evaluations in mature cows have predominately been confined to lactating dairy cows and the relationship between feed intake as growing heifers and mature cows has not been addressed. It was the purpose of this study to estimate the heritability of feed intake when measured as growing heifers and mature cows and determine the genetic correlation between these measurements. Individual feed intake and BW gain were measured on 687 heifers and 622 5-yr-old cows. The heritability of average daily DMI (ADDMI) estimated in heifers was 0.84 ± 0.12 and 0.53 ± 0.12 in cows. The heritability of ADG estimated in heifers was 0.53 ± 0.12 and 0.34 ± 0.11 in cows. The genetic correlation between heifer and cow ADDMI was 0.84 ± 0.09. The genetic correlation between heifer and cow ADG was 0.73 ± 019. Heritability of residual feed intake in heifers was 0.25 ± 0.11 and 0.16 ± 0.10 in cows. Heritability for residual gain in heifers was 0.21 ± 0.11 and 0.14 ± 0.10 in cows. Feed intake and ADG are heritable and genetically correlated between heifers and cows. Selection for decreased feed intake and ADG in growing animals will probably have the same directional effects on mature cows.
Redescription of Americlus rankini (Woodward, 1868) (Pancrustacea: Cyclida: Americlidae) and interpretation of its systematic placement, morphology, and paleoecology
Authors: Clark Neil D L , Feldmann Rodney M , Schram Frederick R , Schweitzer Carrie E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The best-preserved Scottish species of a cyclidan is reinterpreted, based upon recent advances in cyclidan paleobiology. Americlus rankini (Woodward, 1868) is one of the best-preserved members of this crustacean group, and its morphology suggests that it and related forms exhibited a unique and distinct morphology within Multicrustacea. Paleoecological evidence suggests that the animal was most likely free living, possibly as a scavenger, in a marginal marine environment. Americlus lived in Laurentia during the Middle Mississippian (Visean) to Middle Pennsylvanian (Moscovian).
Strategic Legitimation through Rhetorical Dissociation in International Relations
Authors: Sundaram Sasikumar S 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhat are the processes through which strategic political actors legitimize their preferred policy choice with multiple audiences in international politics? This article builds a conceptual framework of rhetorical dissociation where strategic actors present normative justifications hierarchically to gain acceptance among different audiences. Such hierarchizing works in three interconnected ways whereby strategic actors delineate audience types, create a rhetorical presence to resonate with sympathetic audiences, and establish a bounded dialogue in their legitimation politics to sideline the normative validity claims of other audiences. By engaging with International Relations (IR) theories of strategic legitimation, this article contributes to this field by showing how strategic actors use multiple audiences in the game to their advantage and wrestle a distinct normativity through rhetoric so that it fits their strategic goals. I illustrate the model by empirically examining India's strategic legitimation of intervention in the East Pakistan crisis in 1971. This article also sets the stage for further empirical examination of strategic legitimation, particularly in engaging with humanitarian crises abroad.
A Clinical Prediction Score Including Trial of Antibiotics and C-Reactive Protein to Improve the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Ambulatory People With HIV
Authors: Boyles Tom H , Nduna Matilda , Pitsi Thalitha , Scott Lesley , Fox Matthew P , Maartens Gary 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The use of a “trial of antibiotics” as empiric therapy for bacterial pneumonia as a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis in people with HIV (PWH) was removed from World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations in 2007, based on expert opinion. Current guidelines recommend antibiotics only after 2 Xpert MTB/RIF tests (if available), chest x-ray, and clinical assessment have suggested that tuberculosis is unlikely. Despite this, a “trial of antibiotics” remains common in algorithms in low-resource settings, but its value is uncertain. C-reactive protein (CRP), which has been proposed as a “rule-out” test for tuberculosis, may be an objective marker of response to antibiotics.

Methods
We performed a passive case-finding cohort study of adult PWH with a positive WHO symptom screen. All participants received antibiotics at first visit according to the local protocol and were reviewed to ascertain clinical response. Point-of-care CRP was measured at both visits. All patients had sputum tested with Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra), and the reference standard was based on 2 sputum mycobacterial cultures. We explored multivariable prediction models (MPM) for tuberculosis based on 1 or 2 visits.

Results
Seventy-five of 207 patients (36%) had confirmed tuberculosis. Clinical response to antibiotics after 2 days was a good predictor of disease. An MPM based on 2 visits, without CRP, had acceptable discrimination (c-statistic, 0.75) and calibration (goodness-of-fit P = .07). Addition of CRP after antibiotics improved the model moderately (c-statistic, 0.78). CRP at first visit was not an independent predictor of tuberculosis.

Conclusions
In adult PWH seeking care for symptoms suggestive of tuberculosis, lack of response to antibiotics is a strong predictor of disease and is likely to be useful, particularly when access to Ultra is limited. CRP adds value when measured after antibiotics but is of limited value at first visit.
Spontaneous recovery of neuromuscular blockade is an independent risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery
Authors: Garutti Ignacio , Errando Carlos L. , Mazzinari Guido , Bellón José M. , Díaz-Cambronero Oscar , Ferrando Carlos 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND
In intermediate-to-high-risk patients, major abdominal surgery is associated with a high incidence of postoperative complications, mainly pulmonary. Neuromuscular blocking drugs have been suggested as a contributing factor, but this remains unproven.

OBJECTIVE
To define the relationship of neuromuscular blockade management (reversal) with postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs).

DESIGN
The individualised PeRioperative Open-lung approach Versus standard protectivE ventilation in abdominal surgery study was a prospective, multicentre, four-arm, randomised controlled trial. This is a secondary analysis of the data.

SETTING
Twenty-one teaching hospitals in Spain. The study was conducted between 2 January 2015, and 18 May 2016.

PATIENTS
Age more than 18 years with an intermediate-to-high risk for PPCs, scheduled for major abdominal surgery lasting more than 2 h. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy or breastfeeding, and moderate-to-severe organ diseases.

INTERVENTIONS
The mode of reversal of neuromuscular blockade determined two patient groups: pharmacological reversal versus spontaneous recovery.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was a composite of PPCs during the first 30 postoperative days. The association between categorical variables and PPCs within 30 days was studied. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression modelling and propensity score analyses were performed.

RESULTS
From the 923 patients included, 596 (64.6%) presented with PPCs within 30 days after surgery. Patients who developed these complications were older with a higher BMI, a lower pre-operative SpO2, a higher ASA physical status score and a higher incidence of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pharmacological neuromuscular blockade reversal was associated with a lower incidence of PPCs (odds ratio 0.62, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.82).

CONCLUSION
Spontaneous recovery of neuromuscular blockade was an independent risk factor for PPCs in patients with intermediate-to-high risk, undergoing abdominal surgery. We suggest this factor should be included in future studies on PPCs.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02158923.
Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Mexican Older Adults: Data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS)
Authors: Rentería Miguel Arce , Manly Jennifer J. , Vonk Jet M. J. , Arango Silvia Mejia , Obregon Alejandra Michaels , Samper-Ternent Rafael , Wong Rebeca , Mayeux Richard , Barral Sandra , Tosto Giuseppe 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONWe estimated the prevalence and risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its subtypes in Mexican population using the cognitive aging ancillary study of the Mexican Health and Aging Study.METHODSUsing a robust norms approach and comprehensive neuropsychological criteria, we determined MCI in a sample of adult Mexicans (N=1,807;55-97years). Additionally, we determined prevalence rates using traditional criteria.RESULTSPrevalence of amnestic MCI was 5.9%. Other MCI subtypes ranged 4.3% to 7.7%. MCI with and without memory impairment was associated with older age and rurality. Depression, diabetes and low educational attainment were associated with MCI without memory impairment. Using traditional criteria, prevalence of MCI was lower (2.2% amnestic MCI, other subtypes ranged 1.3%-2.4%).DISCUSSIONOlder age, depression, low education, diabetes, and rurality were associated with increased risk of MCI among older adults in Mexico. Our findings suggest that the causes of cognitive impairment are likely multifactorial and may vary by MCI subtype.Research in ContextSystematic reviewWe reviewed the literature using Google Scholar and PubMed. Few studies have reported prevalence rates for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Mexican population. These studies have primarily relied on limited cognitive assessments, and diverse MCI criteria. Evaluating the prevalence of MCI with a robust neuropsychological approach can help understand the rates and risk factors associated with MCI across a large and representative sample of the aging Mexican population.InterpretationVarious sociodemographic and health factors such as older age, depression, low education, diabetes, and rurality were significant correlates of MCI and differed by MCI subtype.Future directionsLongitudinal studies will be needed to evaluate the diagnostic stability of MCI over time, and its association with incident dementia. Future work will evaluate the casual path of these sociodemographic and health factors on cognitive impairment to develop effective interventions.
Childhood vaccination coverage and equity impact in Ethiopia by socioeconomic, geographic, maternal and child characteristics
Authors: Geweniger Anne , Abbas Kaja M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundEthiopia is a priority country of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance to improve vaccination coverage and equitable uptake. The Ethiopian National Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) and the Global Vaccine Action Plan set coverage goals of 90% at national level and 80% at district level by 2020. This study aims to analyse basic vaccination coverage among children in Ethiopia and to estimate the equity impact by socioeconomic, geographic, maternal and child characteristics based on data from the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016.MethodsBasic vaccination coverage (1-dose BCG, 3-doses DPT-HepB-Hib, 3-doses polio, 1-dose measles vaccine) of 2,004 children aged 12-23 months was analysed. Mean coverage was disaggregated by socioeconomic (household wealth, religion, ethnicity), geographic (area of residence, region), maternal (maternal age at birth, maternal education, maternal marital status, sex of household head) and child (sex of child, birth order) characteristics. Concentration indices assessed wealth and education-related inequalities. Multiple logistic regression estimated associations between basic vaccination coverage and socioeconomic, maternal and child characteristics.ResultsNational coverage for basic vaccinations was 39.7% in 2016. Single vaccination coverage ranged between between 53.2% (DTP3) and 69.2% (BCG). Wealth and maternal education related inequities were present for all vaccines. Children from richer households, urban regions, primary maternal education and male headed households were associated with higher vaccination coverage. The Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019 reports national coverage for basic vaccinations at 43.3% with single vaccination coverage ranging between 57.8% (measles) and 74.2% (BCG).ConclusionsVaccination coverage has improved from 2016 to 2019, but remains below the coverage goals of the EPI. Low vaccination coverage is associated with poorer households, rural regions of Afar and Somali, no maternal education and female headed households. Targeted approaches are necessary to improve vaccination coverage among these population subgroups and equitable uptake of vaccines in Ethiopia.