bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal dynamics of EEG features during sleep in major depressive disorder after treatment with escitalopram:A pilot study
Authors: Wu Li , Wang Xue-Qin , Yang Yong , Dong Teng-Fei , Lei Ling , Cheng Qi-Qi , Li Su-Xia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown escitalopram is related to sleep quality. However， effects of escitalopram on dynamics of electroencephalogram (EEG) features especially during different sleep stages have not been reported. T his study may help to reveal pharmacological mechanism underlying escitalopram treatment . Methods: The spatial and temporal responses of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) to escitalopram treatment were analyzed in this study. Eleven MDD patients and eleven healthy control subjects who completed eight weeks’ treatment of escitalopram were included in the final statistics. Six-channel sleep EEG signals were acquired during sleep. Power spectrum and nonlinear dynamics were used to analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics features of the sleep EEG after escitalopram treatment. Results: For temporal dynamics: after treatment, there was a significant increase in the relative energy (RE) of band (0.5 - 2Hz), accompanied by a significant decrease in the RE of band (20 - 30Hz). Lempel-Ziv complexity and Co - complexity values were significantly lower. EEG changes at different sleep stages also showed the same regulation as throughout the night sleep. For spatio dynamics: after treatment, the EEG response of the left and right hemisphere showed asymmetry. Regarding band-specific EEG complexity estimations, δ1 and β2 in stage-1 and δ1 in stage-2 sleep stage in frontal cortex is found to be much more sensitive to escitalopram treatment in comparison to central and occipital cortices. Conclusions: The sleep quality of MDD patients improved, EEG response occurred asymmetry in left and right hemispheres due to escitalopram treatment, and frontal cortex is found to be much more sensitive to escitalopram treatment. These findings may contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the pharmacological mechanism of escitalopram in the treatment of depression.
First evidence showing that Pepper vein yellows virus P4 protein is a movement protein
Authors: Li Sangsang , Su Xianyang , Luo Xiangwen , Zhang Yu , Zhang Deyong , Du Jiao , Zhang Zhanhong , OuYang Xian , Zhang Songbai , Liu Yong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Plant viruses move through plasmodesmata (PD) to infect new cells. To overcome the PD barrier, plant viruses have developed specific protein(s) to guide their genomic RNAs or DNAs to path through the PD. Results In the present study, we analyzed the function of Pepper vein yellows virus P4 protein. Our bioinformatic analysis showed that the P4 protein contains an transmembrane domain, encompassing the amino acid residue 117-138. The P4 protein was found to target PD and form small punctates near walls. The P4 deletion mutant or the substitution mutant lost their function to produce punctates near the walls inside the fluorescent loci. The P4-YFP fusion was found to move from cell to cell in infiltrated leaves, and P4 could complement Cucumber mosaic virus movement protein deficiency mutant to move between cells. Conclustion Taking together, we consider that the P4 protein is a movement protein of Pepper vein yellows virus.
NTP42, a novel antagonist of the thromboxane receptor, attenuates experimentally induced pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Mulvaney Eamon , Reid Helen , Bialesova Lucia , Bouchard Annie , Salvail Dany , Kinsella B. Therese 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
NTP42 is a novel antagonist of the thromboxane prostanoid receptor (TP), currently in development for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH is a devastating disease with multiple pathophysiological hallmarks including excessive pulmonary vasoconstriction, vascular remodelling, inflammation, fibrosis, in situ thrombosis and right ventricular hypertrophy. Signalling through the TP, thromboxane (TX) A2 is a potent vasoconstrictor and mediator of platelet aggregation. It is also a pro-mitogenic, pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic agent. Moreover, the TP also mediates the adverse actions of the isoprostane 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, a free-radical-derived product of arachidonic acid produced in abundance during oxidative injury. Mechanistically, TP antagonists should treat most of the hallmarks of PAH, including inhibiting the excessive vasoconstriction and pulmonary artery remodelling, in situ thrombosis, inflammation and fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of NTP42 in the monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat model, alongside current standard-of-care drugs.
Methods
PAH was induced by subcutaneous injection of 60 mg/kg MCT in male Wistar–Kyoto rats. Animals were assigned into groups: 1. ‘No MCT’; 2. ‘MCT Only’; 3. MCT + NTP42 (0.25 mg/kg BID); 4. MCT + Sildenafil (50 mg/kg BID), and 5. MCT + Selexipag (1 mg/kg BID), where 28-day drug treatment was initiated within 24 h post-MCT.
Results
From haemodynamic assessments, NTP42 reduced the MCT-induced PAH, including mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and right systolic ventricular pressure (RSVP), being at least comparable to the standard-of-care drugs Sildenafil or Selexipag in bringing about these effects. Moreover, NTP42 was superior to Sildenafil and Selexipag in significantly reducing pulmonary vascular remodelling, inflammatory mast cell infiltration and fibrosis in MCT-treated animals.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that NTP42 and antagonism of the TP signalling pathway have a relevant role in alleviating the pathophysiology of PAH, representing a novel therapeutic target with marked benefits over existing standard-of-care therapies.
Adiposity reduces the risk of osteoporosis in Chinese rural population: the Henan Rural Cohort Study
Authors: Tian Huiling , Pan Jun , Qiao Dou , Dong Xiaokang , Li Ruiying , Wang Yikang , Tu Runqi , Abdulai Tanko , Liu Xiaotian , Hou Jian , Zhang Gongyuan , Wang Chongjian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Adiposity plays a crucial role in the risk of osteoporosis. However, the impact of body fat distribution on the skeleton is contentious. The study was designed to explore the association of various adiposity indices on estimated bone mineral density (BMD) and the risk of osteoporosis based on body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to height ratio (WHtR), and visceral fat index (VFI).
Methods: A total of 8475 subjects derived from the Henan Rural Cohort Study were analyzed. The estimated BMD of study participants were measured by calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS). Linear and binary logistic regression was performed to estimate the association of adiposity and the outcomes.
Results: The mean age of the study participants was 55.23 ± 11.09 years and 59.61% were women. The crude and age-standardized prevalence of high risk for osteoporosis was 16.24% and 11.82%. Per unit increment in adiposity indices was associated with 0.005-0.021 g/cm 2 increase in estimated BMD. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for high osteoporosis risk in per 1 SD increase of WC, WHR, WHtR, BMI, BFP, and VFI were 0.820 (0.748, 0.898), 0.872 (0.811, 0.938), 0.825 (0.765, 0.891), 0.798 (0.726, 0.878), 0.882 (0.800, 0.972), and 0.807 (0.732, 0.889), respectively. Stratified analyses indicated greater effects on individuals aged 55 years or more.
Conclusions: The adiposity indices have an inverse association with the risk of osteoporosis among Chinese rural population, especially in the elderly.
Keywords: Adiposity; Bone mineral density; Osteoporosis; Rural population
Identification and Evolutionary Analysis of the Nucleolar Proteome of Giardia lamblia
Authors: Jin-mei Feng , Chun-Lin Yang , Hai-Feng Tian , Jiang-Xin Wang , Wen Jianfan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The nucleoli, including their proteomes, of higher eukaryotes have been extensively studied, while few studies about the nucleoli of the lower eukaryotes – protists were reported. Giardia lamblia , a protist with the controversy of whether it is an extreme primitive eukaryote or just a highly evolved parasite, might be an interesting object for carrying out the nucleolar proteome study of protists and for further examining the controversy. Results: Using bioinformatics methods, we reconstructed G. lamblia nucleolar proteome ( Gi NuP) and the common nucleolar proteome of the three representative higher eukaryotes (human, Arabidopsis , yeast) (HEBNuP). Comparisons of the two proteomes revealed that: 1) Gi NuP is much smaller than HEBNuP, but 78.4% of its proteins have orthologs in the latter; 2) More than 68% of the Gi NuP proteins are involved in the “Ribosome related” function, and the others participate in the other functions, and these two groups of proteins are much larger and much smaller than those in HEBNuP, respectively; 3) Both Gi NuP and HEBNuP have their own specific proteins, but HEBNuP has a much higher proportion of such proteins to participate in more categories of nucleolar functions. Conclusion: For the first time the nucleolar proteome of a protist - Giardia was reconstructed. The results of comparison of it with the common proteome of three representative higher eukaryotes -- HEBNuP indicated that the simplicity of Gi NuP is most probably a reflection of primitiveness but not just parasitic reduction of Giardia , and simultaneously revealed some interesting evolutionary phenomena about the nucleolus and even the eukaryotic cell, compositionally and functionally.
Detection of CNV in the SH3RF2 gene and its effects on growth and carcass traits in chickens
Authors: Jing Zhenzhu , Wang Xinlei , Cheng Yingying , Wei Chengjie , Hou Dan , Li Tong , Li Wenya , Han Ruili , Li Hong , Sun Guirong , Tian Yadong , Liu Xiaojun , Kang Xiangtao , Li Zhuanjian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The SH3RF2 gene is a protein-coding gene located in a quantitative trait locus associated with body weight, and its deletion has been shown to be positively associated with body weight in chickens. Results: In the present study, CNV in the SH3RF2 gene was detected in 4,079 individuals from 17 populations, including the “Gushi ×Anka” F2 resource population and populations of Chinese native chickens, commercial layers, and commercial broilers. The F2 resource population was then used to investigate the genetic effects of the chicken SH3RF2 gene. The results showed that the local chickens and commercial layers were all homozygous for the wild-type allele. Deletion mutation individuals were detected in all of the commercial broiler breeds except Hubbard broiler. A total of, 798 individuals in the F2 resource group were used to analyze the effects of genotype (DD/ID/II) on chicken production traits. The results showed that CNV was associated with 2-, 6-, 10-, and 12-week body weight ( P = 0.026, 0.042, 0.021 and 0.039 respectively) and significantly associated with 8-week breast bone length ( P = 0.045). The mutation was significantly associated with 8-week body weight ( P = 0.007) and 4-week breast bone length ( P = 0.010). CNV was significantly associated with evisceration weight, leg muscle weight, carcass weight, breast muscle weight and gizzard weight ( P = 0.032, 0.033, 0.045, 0.004 and 0.000, respectively). Conclusions: CNV of the SH3RF2 gene contributed to variation in the growth and weight gain of chickens.
Newborn feeding recommendations and practices increase the risk of development of overweight and obesity
Authors: Watchmaker Brittany , Boyd Bridget , Dugas Lara 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of obesity among infants less than 2 years of age has increased by more than 60 percent over the last three decades. Obese infants and toddlers are at an increased risk for staying overweight into adolescence and adulthood. Metabolic programming has been demonstrated in animal models whereby early life feeding habits result in life-long changes in hormone balance and metabolism. Our study explores if newborn over-nutrition on the first day of life (DOL1) is associated with risk for future overweight and obesity in childhood.

Methods: Retrospective chart data was collected for full-term formula-fed infants born between January 2008 and December 2012 who continued care at the same institution. Data included the volume of formula (ml) consumed on DOL1 as well as subsequent yearly BMI measures from well child check-ups. (WCC). Overfeeding was categorized as any feed greater than or equal to 30 ml on any of the first seven feeds while controlling for birth weight.

Results: The final data set included 1106 infants (547 male; 559 female). 1023 of the 1106 newborns (93%) were overfed at least once during DOL1, while 789 of 1106 (71%) were overfed 3 or more times during their first 7 feeds. After adjusting for birth weight, infants who were overfed 5 of the first 7 feeds were 5 times as likely to be overweight or obese at their 4th year well child check-up (p<0.05) compared to children not overfed. Infants who were overfed on all 7 of their first 7 feeds were 7 times more likely to be overweight or obese at their 4th year WCC (p=0.017).

Conclusions: Infants overfed on DOL1 were significantly more likely to be overweight or obese at their 4th year WCC, compared to infants not overfed on their first day of life. Newborn families may benefit from counseling regarding age-appropriate volumes of formula during this early critical and impressionable time period. Future studies will aim to look at effect of smaller feeding bottle size on DOL1 on reducing overfeeding practices and future overweight and obesity.
H19 gene polymorphisms and Wilms tumor risk in Chinese children: a four-center case-control study
Authors: Li Wenya , Hua Rui-Xi , Wang Mi , Zhang Da , Zhu Jinhong , Zhang Songyang , Yang Yang , Cheng Jiwen , Zhou Haixia , Zhang Jiao , He Jing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal cancer. However, genetic bases behind Wilms tumor remain largely unknown. H19 is a critical maternally imprinted gene. Previous studies indicated that Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the H19 can modify the risk of several human malignancies. Epigenetic errors at the H19 locus lead to biallele silencing in Wilms tumors. Genetic variations in the H19 may be related to Wilms tumor susceptibility.Methods: We conducted a four-center study to investigate whether H19 SNPs was a predisposing factor to Wilms tumor. Three polymorphisms in the H19 (rs2839698 G>A, rs3024270 C>G, rs217727 G>A) were genotyped in 355 cases and 1070 cancer-free controls,using Taqman method. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the associations.Results: We found that all of these three polymorphisms were significantly associated with Wilms tumor risk alterations. Carriers of 1, 2 and 1-2 risk genotypes were inclined to develop Wilms tumor compared with those without risk genotype [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.02-1.80, P =0.037; adjusted OR=1.84, 95% CI=1.27-2.67, P =0.001; adjusted OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.17-1.92, P =0.002, respectively]. The stratified analysis further revealed that rs2839698 AA, rs217727 AA, and 1-2 risk genotypes could strongly increase Wilms tumor risk among children above 18 months of age, males, and with clinical stage I+II disease.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that genetic variations in the H19 may confer Wilms tumor risk.
Analytical evaluation of the clonoSEQ Assay for establishing measurable (minimal) residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and multiple myeloma
Authors: Ching Travers , Duncan Megan E , Newman-Eerkes Tera , McWhorter Mollie M E , Tracy Jeffrey M , Steen Michelle S , Brown Ryan P , Venkatasubbarao Srivatsa , Akers Nicholas K , Vignali Marissa , Moorhead Martin E , Watson Drew , Emerson Ryan O , Mann Tobias P , Cimler B Melina , Swatkowski Pamela L , Kirsch Ilan R , Sang Charles , Robins Harlan S , Howie Bryan , Sherwood Anna 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The clonoSEQ® Assay (Adaptive Biotechnologies Corporation, Seattle, USA) identifies and tracks unique disease-associated immunoglobulin (Ig) sequences by next-generation sequencing of IgH, IgK, and IgL rearrangements and IgH-BCL1/2 translocations in malignant B cells. Here, we describe studies to validate the analytical performance of the assay using patient samples and cell lines.Methods: Sensitivity and specificity were established by defining the limit of detection (LoD), limit of quantitation (LoQ) and limit of blank (LoB) in genomic DNA (gDNA) from 66 patients with multiple myeloma (MM), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and three cell lines. Healthy donor gDNA was used as a diluent to contrive test samples with specific DNA masses and malignant-cell frequencies. Precision was validated using a range of samples contrived from patient gDNA, healthy donor gDNA, and 9 cell lines to generate numerous measurable residual disease (MRD) frequencies spanning clinically relevant thresholds. Linearity was determined using samples contrived from cell line gDNA spiked into healthy gDNA to generate 11 MRD frequencies for each DNA input, then confirmed using clinical samples. Quantitation accuracy was assessed by (1) comparing clonoSEQ and multiparametric flow cytometry (mpFC) measures of ALL and MM cell lines diluted in healthy mononuclear cells, and (2) analyzing precision study data for quantitation bias between MRD results from clonoSEQ measurements of diluted gDNA and those expected from mpFC of original, undiluted samples. Repeatability of nucleotide base calls was assessed via the assay’s ability to recover malignant clonotype sequences across several replicates, process features, and MRD levels.Results: LoD and LoQ were estimated at 1.903 cells and 2.390 malignant cells, respectively. LoB was zero in healthy donor gDNA. Precision ranged from 18% CV at higher DNA inputs to 68% CV near the LoD. Variance component analysis showed MRD results were robust, with expected laboratory process variations contributing ≤3% CV. Linearity and accuracy were demonstrated for each disease across orders of magnitude of clonal frequencies. Nucleotide sequence error rates were extremely low.Conclusions: These studies validate the analytical performance of the clonoSEQ Assay, and demonstrate its potential as a highly sensitive diagnostic tool for selected lymphoid malignancies.
Understanding the Role of Elastic Modulus in the Relationship Between Second Harmonic Generation Scattering and Tumor Cell Motility
Authors: Elias Tresa M. , Desa Danielle , Nguyen Phong , Goyal Ananya , Benoit Danielle , Buckley Mark R. , Kuo Catherine K. , Brown Edward 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Second harmonic generation (SHG) is an intrinsic optical property of fibrillar collagen. SHG directionality is quantified by F/B, the ratio of forward- to backward-propagating signal, which is affected by collagen fiber internal structure, specifically the diameter, spacing, and disorder of fibrils within a collagen fiber. We have previously shown that F/B of primary invasive ductal carcinoma sections is prognostic of metastatic outcome. One possible cause of this relationship was revealed by our observation that tumor cells’ motility on collagen I gels varied when collagen fiber internal structure in those gels was manipulated. The mechanism by which tumor cells sense changes in collagen fiber internal structure remains unknown: here we evaluate the role of elastic modulus in the relationship between collagen fiber internal structure (as reported by F/B) and tumor cell motility. Methods: The 4T1 murine mammary adenocarcinoma, a model of metastatic triple negative breast cancer, (TNBC) and the 67NR line, a non-metastatic luminal phenotype, were introduced to a series of collagen-polyacrylamide mixed gels wherein collagen fiber internal structure and gel elastic modulus were independently controlled. F/B was measured with SHG, while elastic modulus was measured globally via rheometry and locally via atomic force microscopy (AFM). Tumor cell motility was quantified over three hours. Results: The motility of both cell lines varied with F/B while elastic modulus was held constant, and did so at two physiological modulus values. Interestingly, 4T1 cell motility increased as F/B increased, while 67NR cell motility decreased.Conclusions: Our results suggest that elastic modulus does not play a significant role in the observed relationship between collagen fiber internal structure (as reported by F/B) and tumor cell motility, for two cell lines that are models of TNBC and luminal-like breast cancer. Our observation that the two lines exhibit opposite motility trends as F/B increases is consistent with the trends in metastatic outcome versus F/B observed in our published clinical data for ER+ (i.e. containing the luminal subtypes) and ER- (i.e. containing the basal subtypes) cohorts, and suggests that a tumor’s subtype may play a role in their response to collagen fiber internal structure.
Competitive exclusion and metabolic dependency among microorganisms structure the cellulose economy of agricultural soil
Authors: Wilhelm Roland C , Pepe-Ranney Charles , Weisenhorn Pamela , Lipton Mary , Buckley Daniel H. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Many cellulolytic microorganisms degrade cellulose through extracellular processes that yield free intermediates which promote interactions with non-cellulolytic organisms. We hypothesize that these interactions determine the ecological and physiological traits that govern the fate of cellulosic carbon (C) in soil. We evaluated the genomic potential of soil microorganisms that access C from 13 C-labeled cellulose. We used metagenomic-SIP and metaproteomics to evaluate whether cellulolytic and non-cellulolytic microbes that access 13 C from cellulose encode traits indicative of metabolic dependency or competitive exclusion. The most highly 13 C-enriched taxa were cellulolytic Cellvibrio ( Gammaproteobacteria ) and Chaetomium ( Ascomycota ), which exhibited a strategy of self-sufficiency (prototrophy), rapid growth, and competitive exclusion via antibiotic production. These ruderal taxa were common indicators of soil disturbance in agroecosystems, such as tillage and fertilization. Auxotrophy was more prevalent in cellulolytic Actinobacteria than in cellulolytic Proteobacteria , demonstrating differences in dependency among cellulose degraders. Non-cellulolytic taxa that accessed 13 C from cellulose ( Planctomycetales , Verrucomicrobia and Vampirovibrionales ) were highly dependent, as indicated by patterns of auxotrophy and 13 C-labeling (i.e. partial labelling or labeling at later-stages). Major 13 C-labeled cellulolytic microbes ( e.g. Sorangium, Actinomycetales, Rhizobiales and Caulobacteraceae ) possessed adaptations for surface colonization ( e.g. gliding motility, hyphae, attachment structures) signifying the importance of surface ecology in decomposition. These results suggest that access to cellulose was accompanied by ecological trade-offs characterized by differing degrees of metabolic dependency and competitive exclusion. These trade-offs likely influence microbial growth dynamics on particulate organic carbon and reveal that the fate of carbon is governed by a complex economy within the microbial community.