bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Contraceptives Use and Their Complications in Iraqi Reproductive Age Women
Authors: Shiren Ali Al-Hamzawi  , Sahar Hamza Ali Al-Tameemi  
Published: April 2020

Contraceptives are the methods, medicines, or devices which are used to prevent pregnancy. The women can select any kind from the available contraceptives. The objectives are to investigate the types of contraceptive methods used by Iraqi women of reproductive age and to throw lights on their complications. A cross-sectional study had been done in the outpatient department of gynecology and obstetrics of Maternity and Children Hospital in Al-Diwaniya city on 400 women of reproductive age between (16-45) years during the period from 20th of September 2016 to 30th of March 2017. A questionnaire distributed among participating women. All the involved women gave their informed consent after describing the aim of the study and ensuring the confidentiality of the data. The data were gathered and analyzed statistically. The study revealed that the most commonly used contraceptives were oral pills, the intrauterine device (IUD), injections, and the condom (53.7%, 35,7%, 7.5%, 3%), respectively. Oral pills are the most commonly used method in all age groups. The complications were present in (55.0%) of women of reproductive age, and they were present in (69.2 %) of users of the Intra-Uterine Device followed by pills users (45.5%). The most common complications for the oral contraceptives were pain, malaise, and psychiatric disturbances (21.8%, 10.6%, 8.3%), respectively, while in the case of Intra-Uterine Device, the most common complications were bleeding and infection (31.4%, 21.6%) respectively. Injection contraceptive users had suffered from the infection (14.3%). The women’s age, residence, level of education, occupation, and economic status show a significant association with the use of contraceptives methods. The oral contraceptive pills and Intra-Uterine Device are the most frequently used contraceptives. The most common complaints were bleeding, infection, and pain. There is a significant association between the use of contraceptives methods and the women’s age, residence, level of education, occupation, and economic status.
Review on: Epidemiology of Familial Prospect of Alzheimer’s disease on its prevalence rate on Indian population in future
Authors: Ponmalai srinivasan  , Kothai R  , Arul B  
Published: April 2020

Alzheimer and Dementia were denoted as continuous decline of Brain functions. It particularly affects those who are in the age between 65 and more. The decline of brain functions cause sudden decline of memory Power, thought Process, using language skill and other learning capability. Proper treatment methods are unavailable for Alzheimer, but with certain medication the deterioration may be delayed. The 2011 population censes reads that there are 104 milions of old people and 53 million are female and 51 million are males. Between 1961 and 2011, the elderly population has increased extensively. The reason for this situation were continuously decreasing fertility rate and reduction in the mortality rate and finally due to development of health care system in India. The Population change leads to the change of fertility rate and mortality rate provide bulge in elderly generation as compared to younger ones. In India, this is very common in rural and urban areas. In State level data of elderly population kerala (12.6%), Goa (11.2%) and Tamilnadu (10.4%) takes first, second and third respectively. The simple reason was the good healthcare system available in the above said states. The Percentage of Alzheimer affected elders are anticipated from 8% to 19% in 2050. Certainly, therefore young India today will turn in to a rapidly ageing India in the coming decades.
Influence of para-aminobenzoic acid on young cattle
Authors: Sergey Yu Smolentsev  , Ali H Volkov  , Ellada K Papunidi  , Leisyan F Yakupova  , Ramil N Fayzrakhmanov  , Imane Bouadila  , Andrey A Rudenko  , Pavel A Rudenko  
Published: April 2020

At the present stage of development of market economy, one of the most important tasks of the agricultural sector in Russia is to increase the production of agricultural products, which depends on the sustainable development of livestock industries and their intensification based on modern achievements. The agro-industrial complex and its basic type of economic activity - agriculture - are the leading system-forming spheres of the economy of the Chuvash Republic, which form the agri-food market, food and economic security, labor and settlement potential of rural territories. One of the tasks of the Chuvash Republic State program “Development of agriculture and regulation of the market of agricultural products, raw materials and food of the Chuvash Republic” for 2013-2020 is to stimulate the growth of production of main types of agricultural products and food products. A prerequisite for increasing agricultural production is increasing livestock productivity. The experience of using biological stimulants and feed additives under qualified use, with a predetermined task and in optimal quantities, indicates a rather high economic efficiency and safety for animals and humans. Research has been conducted to study the effect of para-aminobenzoic acid on the quality of meat in young cattle. The experiments were carried out in the educational experimental farm of the Chuvash State Agricultural Academy. Three groups of young cattle were formed on the principle of 15 animals each. The control group received the main diet, to the first experimental group, para-aminobenzoic acid was added to the main diet at a dose of 0.5 mg per 1 kg of live weight, the second experimental group – 1 mg per 1 kg of live weight. An organoleptic assessment of the quality of meat and meat broth indicates the biological usefulness of the meat of bull-calves treated with para-aminobenzoic acid. The chemical composition of the meat of bull-calves does not change significantly with the use of this vitamin.
Productive indicators of cows and milk quality, when adding amide-vitamin-mineral concentrate to the diet
Authors: Sergey Yu. Smolentsev  , Galiya R Yusupova  , Nikita V Nikolaev  , Zaira F Aukhadieva  , Renat A Volkov  , Aliya R Kashaeva  , Firaya K Akhmetzyanova  , Aigul Z Karimova  
Published: April 2020

The effectiveness of dairy cattle breeding largely depends on the intensity of use of the breeding stock. At the same time, the factor of the duration of economic use of animals is gaining importance, which affects not only the production economy, but also the improvement of stocks and breeds. The lifelong productivity, the quantitative and qualitative growth of the stock, the amount of capital investment in its formation and the efficiency of operation depend on the term for the productive use of cows. The terms of breeding and production use of animals are direct linked with the biologically possible longevity of each animal, in turn, the duration of the productive period of cattle is in the range of 12-17 lactations. The influence of feed on production is associated primarily with the level of digestion and assimilation. The digestive capacity of the digestive tract of animals can be improved by selecting the optimal ratio in the diet of rough, juicy and concentrated feeds, i.e. optimization of animal feeding types. We conducted an analysis of milk productivity in lactating cows, when using AVMC feed additive in the diet. The experiment was conducted in the conditions of the dairy farm of Biryuli CJSC of the Vysokogorsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan on three groups of lactating cows. For the experiment, 30 cows were selected, 10 in each Holstein black-and-white breed according to the principle of analogues. Studies have shown that AVMC with rapeseed oil seeds and AVMC with fus in the diet of lactating cows provided higher animal productivity and positively affected the chemical composition of milk.
An investigation on hepatoprotective activity of entire plant of Ipomoea pestigridis (family Convolvulaceae) on hepatotoxicity induced rats
Authors: Bheemreddy Thrinitha  , Murali R.  , Srinivasan N.  , Manichandrika P.  
Published: April 2020

The hepatoprotective potential of Ipomoea pestigridis (Family Convolvulaceae) on hepatotoxicity induced rats were investigated in the present study. Ipomoea pestigridis (Linn) (family Convolvulaceae) is “Tiger Foot Morning Glory” in English. Hepatotoxicity was induced by Paracetamol(2g/kg b.wt.) given to rats on the 5th day of the investigational period and given orally. All three extracts (PE, EA and methanol) were administered to normal and experimental hepatotoxicity rats for 7 days. Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and compared with Silymarin, a standard hepatoprotective reference drug. Liver marker enzymes (ALT, ALP, AST and GGT) and Serum (Total Bilirubin, Total Protein, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Albumin, Urea and Creatinine) were evaluated. Paracetamol-induced rats to exhibit elevated activities of liver enzymes such as SGOT, SGPT, ALP, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), creatinine, TB, urea, TC, TG and reduced total protein serum. Furthermore, Oral administration of the EA concentrates of Ipomoea pestigridis (200 mg/ kgb.wt.) given rats were major reduction the level of SGOT, SGPT, ALP,gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) creatinine, urea, TB, TC&TG and also significantly elevated the concentration of TB and albumin when compared to other concentrates. Thus, results suggested that EAconcentrates of Ipomoea pestigridis could afford better hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol treated hepatotoxicity rats.
Study of radioprotective properties of chitosan at gamma-irradiation
Authors: Marina A. Frolova  , Svetlana A. Gryn  , Elana I. Kovaleva  , Aleksey I. Albulov  , Roman N. Melnik  , Vladimir I. Eremets  , Vera M. Popova  , Irina N. Matveeva  
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study was the analysis of adaptogenic effects of chitosan at gamma-irradiation. The study of radioprotective properties of chitosan was carried out on male mice having the weight of 20-25 g, exposed to gamma-irradiation at the doses of up to 800 bar at the Gamma Panorama unit (radiation source – Cs137, gamma dose rate – 14 R/min, duration of irradiation – 58.5 min). 4 experimental and 2 control groups with 7 animals in each have been formed. The medicine dose schedule, allowing to identify both the prophylactic effect and the therapeutic effect of chitosan, was used in the experiment. It was found out in experiments on white mice, with the purpose of determining 50% lethal dose (LD50) that chitosan belongs to the substances of hazard class 4 because its LD50 considerably exceeds 5000 mg/kg; at this, the toxicity of chitosan decreases parallel to its molecular weight decrease. The prophylactic and therapeutic effect of low-molecular chitosan (molecular weight 5-10 kDa) as abdominal injection at the doses of 200 mg/kg of body weight. It has been demonstrated that the mice from the experimental group I that received chitosan 3 days before the irradiation remained alive throughout the entire observation period (30 days). In the animals of II, III, IV experimental groups that received chitosan in 3, 9 and 22 days after the irradiation, the survival rate by the experiment end was 86, 43 and 29%, respectively, with the 100% death of animals in the control group I (irradiated animals without the use of chitosan) and full safety of animals in the control group II (non-irradiated animals).
Recovery of serum metallothionein level after hemodialysis in patients with end stage renal failure
Authors: Sazan D. Saeed  , Ansam N. Al-Hasani  , Marwan S. Al-Nimer  
Published: April 2020

Metallothioneins (MTs) are intracellular metal-protein which not alone have inactivated heavy metals but also have traced elements while improving the antioxidant status. Serum levels of some heavy metals and trace elements showed toxic levels in the end-stage renal failure. This study is aimed to determine the serum level of metallothionein in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to show the effects of hemodialysis on its level. This cross-sectional study included 125 patients with CKD managed with regular hemodialysis. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by using the Cockroft and Gault equation adjusted to the body surface area (ml/min/m2), and 4 variable modified diet in renal disease (4-v MDRD) equation (ml/min/1.73m2). The mean ± SD of serum metallothionein was significantly less than the corresponding level of healthy subjects (1113.4±289.5 pg/ml versus 1536.0±341.4 pg/ml). Hemodialysis improves the serum level of metallothionein to attain 1437.6±406.1 pg/ml. There is a non-significant correlation between serum metallothionein with the eGFR and hemodialysis did not produce a significant effect on the correlation between serum metallothionein with eGFR. We conclude that serum metallothionein level is a useful prognostic marker for CKD and hemodialysis plays a role in the recovery of serum metallothionein level.
Carta para Paulo Freire
Authors: Gomes Morgana Barbosa 
Published: April 2020

Nesta carta, estabelecemos um diálogo teórico com o educador popular brasileiro Paulo Freire, relacionando os nossos estudos acerca do silêncio na arte com o silênciamento cultural no Brasil, e experimentando a cartografia epistolar como epistemologia e metodologia de Pesquisa Performativa.
Evaluation of the diagnostic value of platelet indices in acute ischemic cerebrovascular event
Authors: BOĞAN Mustafa , SAFİ Yılmaz , OKTAY Mehmet Murat , SABAK Mustafa , GÜMÜŞBOĞA Hasan 
Published: April 2020

Aim: The majority of acute strokes (cerebrovascular event) are ischemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of Platelet Count (PC), Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and the MPV/PC ratio in acute ischemic cerebrovascular event (CVE).Materials and Methods: Patients were searched on the electronic records of hospital by ICD codes and epicrises. The patients who detected were divided in two group that group 1 (CVE group) and group 2 (non-CVE group).Results: The PC value in the group 1 was determined as (250.67±93.16×103/L) and in the group 2 as (226.53±57.86×103/L). The mean PC value of the group 1 was found to be higher (p&lt;0,05). MPV values and the MPV/PC ratios showed no significant difference between the two groups (p&gt;0,05). Conclusion: MPV and the MPV/PC ratio, which are not distinguished parameters for CVE.
Studi Gramatikal Galatia 2:11-14: Patutkah Menegur Pemimpin Rohani?
Authors: Samongilailai Aseng Yulias 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Rebuking a spiritual leader is hardly easy, that it seem to be disrespecting someone who had been anointed by God. That is what makes more Christians keep quiet despite knowing that their spiritual leader is mistaken. Through the grammatical analysis of Galatians 2: 11-14 the writer tried to prove the propriety of a person rebuking a spiritual leader. Through this study it could be concluded that the spiritual leader deserves to be rebuked if he/ she has deviated from the the truth of the Gospel he/she himself/ herself taught.Abstrak. Menegur seorang pemimpin rohani tidaklah mudah, di mana upaya tersebut seringkali dianggap sebagai tidak menghormati orang yang telah diurapi Tuhan. Hal itulah yang membuat lebih banyak orang Kristen diam saja meskipun mengetahui pemimpin rohaninya berbuat salah. Melalui analisis gramatikal Galatia 2:11-14 penulis hendak membuktikan kepatutan seseorang menegur pemimpin rohaninya. Melalui kajian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemimpin rohani patut untuk ditegur dengan keras apabila telah menyimpang dari kebenaran Injil yang diajarkannya sendiri.
Oat cultivars developed at Nemchinovka and included into the State Register in recent years (a review)
Authors: Kabashov A. D. , Loskutov I. G. , Vlasenko N. M. , Leibovich Ya. G. , Markova A. S. , Filonenko Z. V. , Razumovskaya L. G. 
Published: April 2020

The main trend in crop breeding is to increase productivity and improve grain quality indicators. The formation of high crop productivity requires cultivars with high potential for productivity and quality as well as with resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Successful solution of these and emerging breeding problems is possible only if appropriate source material is employed.Source material from the Vavilov Institute’s collection of plant genetic resources was used in crosses aimed at the development of oat cultivars. Its brief description is presented here.The results of the breeding work on oat cultivars at the Nemchinovka Federal Research Center from 2007 through 2017 are discussed. Descriptions are given to all ten developed oat cultivars with a detailed pedigree for each combination of crosses. Pedigree analysis has been performed, and its results show a limited number of parental forms for crosses. The problem of source material utilization in breeding practice and narrowing of the genetic base in the process of cultivar development is discussed.
Variability of the period between germination and heading in spring barley accessions from Dagestan
Authors: Zveinek I. A. , Abdullaev R. A. , Batasheva B. A. , Radchenko E. E. 
Published: April 2020

Background. The genetic variability of the period between the germination and heading phases was analyzed in barley accessions from the Republic of Dagestan planted in the southern area of Dagestan (Derbent) and the Northwest of Russia (Pushkin, St. Petersburg). Testing barley development rates under contrasting climate conditions of Russia makes it possible to assess the paratypic variability and a norm of reaction in the tested accessions in order to identify environmentally adaptable plant forms useful for breeding.Materials and methods. Under spring sowing, 173 spring barley accessions were studied for the duration of the period from germination to heading. To compare the earliness of accessions planted at two sites with different sowing schedules, “the rate by which the germination-to-heading period of an accession exceeded its minimum value across the sample” was used as a criterion for calculations.Results and conclusions. Accession k-15013 was the earliest at both test sites during two years of studying. In Dagestan, accessions k-11439 and k-11475 with a low norm of reaction in 2016 and 2017 were also identified as early. Environmental conditions were found to have a significant effect on the development rate of barley accessions in Derbent and St. Petersburg. Dagestani barleys in the North-west of Russia ripened earlier than in the south of Dagestan during all the years of study. Vernalization temperatures proved to be the main factor affecting maturation schedules of local Dagestani barleys in the area of their distribution. A longer day and the absence of high temperatures in St. Petersburg contributed to the earliness of barley accessions.
Diversity of avenanthramide content in wild and cultivated oats
Authors: Leonova S. , Gnutikov A. , Loskutov I. , Blinova E. , Gustafsson K.-E. , Olsson O. 
Published: April 2020

Background. Oat grains accumulate substantial amounts of various phenolic compounds that possess biological activity and have a potential to considerably increase health benefits of oats as a food. Avenanthramides (AVA) is an important group of these compounds due to their antioxidant, anti-itching, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative activities.Materials and methods. Using combined HPLC and LC-MS analyses, we provide the first comprehensive review of the total avenanthramide content and composition in cultivated and wild oats. The AVA content was measured in 32 wild and 120 cultivated oat accessions obtained from the global collection of the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia.Results and conclusion. The wild hexaploid A. sterilis L. had the highest total AVA content, reaching 1825 mg kg–1. Among cultivated accessions, naked oat cv. ‘Numbat’ (Australia) had the highest AVA content, 586 mg kg–1. The AVA composition exhibited a wide diversity among the analyzed samples. Accessions were identified where AVAs A, B and C, which are generally considered as major AVA, had a low percentage, and instead other AVAs prevailed. The AVA content in eight oat cultivars revealed significant annual changes in both the total AVA content and the proportions of individual AVAs. Using HPLC analyses, 22 distinguishable peaks in AVA extracts of oat seeds were detected and quantified. Several of these peaks, which have not been previously documented, presumably represent different AVAs. Further analyses are needed to detail these findings and to determine the specific AVA structures in oat grains.
Cultivars and lines added to the gene pool of VIR’s durum wheat collection in 2000–2019
Authors: Lyapunova O. A. , Andreeva A. S. 
Published: April 2020

Replenishment of the collection of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), like any other crop collection held by VIR, is a permanent process aimed at expanding the geographic, morphological and agrobiological diversity of the crop’s gene pool. A special status in this process is given to the achievements of domestic breeders, whose cultivars and lines over time remain only in the ex situ collection and constitute the national heritage of Russia. Replenishment, along with conservation, studying and sharing with the users, is a mandatory task when managing a plant germplasm collection. It can be fulfilled by sending requests for seeds to other genebanks, through the exchange with the collections of foreign research centers, contacts with individual breeders or breeding centers in Russia, or when crop cultivars are submitted to VIR from the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Utilization in Russia. Besides, new accessions are added to the genebank by collecting missions.Descriptions have been made for 570 accessions included in the main catalogue of VIR’s durum wheat collection from 2000 to 2019. They originated from 28 countries of Europe, Asia, the Near East, Africa and North America, and from 16 regions of Russia.The durum wheat collection of VIR was replenished with accessions interesting both from the geographic and agrobiological viewpoints. Cultivars developed by domestic breeders are included in the global genetic resources collection primarily with the purpose of their conservation and comprehensive utilization, both now and in the future.
Holocene volcanism at the Quetrupillán Volcanic Complex (39°30’ S, 71°43’ W), southern Chile
Authors: Simmons Isla , McGarvie Dave , Cortés Joaquín , Calder Eliza , Pavez Andrés 
Published: April 2020

This paper provides the first detailed description of Holocene volcanism at the Quetrupillán Volcanic Complex. This volcanic complex consists of a truncated and eroded stratocone plus sixteen well-preserved satellite vents on its lower flanks. Intense scouring of the stratocone’s flanks (presumably by ice) has removed much evidence of its Holocene eruptions, and thus the Holocene construction of the stratocone (i.e. number and volume of eruptions) cannot be determined. The sixteen satellite vents are the products of an uncertain number of eruptions, with trachyte comprising ~97% of the lava erupted. Geochemical analysis of tephra layers from three logged sections in nearby valleys provides evidence of three explosive eruptions from Quetrupillán. In these sections, no evidence of pyroclastic density current deposits was identified, which may suggest that explosive volcanic hazards from Quetrupillán are less than indicated on current hazard maps.