bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difference in the prevalence of intracardiac thrombus on the first presentation of atrial fibrillation versus flutter in the pediatric and congenital heart disease population
Authors: Meziab Omar , Marcondes Luciana , Friedman Kevin G. , O'Leary Edward T. , Gurvitz Michelle , VanderPluym Christina J. , Walsh Edward P. , Triedman John K. , Mah Douglas Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionGuidelines recommend trans‐esophageal echocardiography (TEE) for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter (AFL) for >48 h, due to risk of intracardiac thrombus formation. With growing evidence that AFL in adults with structurally normal hearts has less thrombogenic potential compared to AF, and the need for TEE questioned, we compared prevalence of intracardiac thrombus detected by TEE in pediatric and congenital heart disease (CHD) patients presenting in AF and AFL.Methods/ResultsSingle‐center, cross‐sectional analysis for unique first‐time presentations of patients for either AF, AFL, or intra‐atrial reentrant tachycardia (IART) between 2000 and 2019. Patients were categorized by presenting arrhythmia (AF vs. AFL/IART), with the exclusion of other forms of atrial tachycardia, hemodynamic instability, chronic anti‐coagulation before TEE, and presentation for a reason other than TEE examination for thrombus. A total of 201 patients had TEE with co‐diagnosis of AF or AFL. Of these, 105 patients (29 AF, 76 AFL) met inclusion criteria, with no difference in age between AF (median 24.9 years; IQR 18.6–38.3 years) and AFL/IART (23.3 years; 15.4–38.4 years). The prevalence of thrombus in the entire cohort was 9.5%, with no difference between AF (13.8%) and AFL groups (7.9%), p = .46. Patients with thrombus demonstrated no difference in age, systemic ventricular function, cardiac complexity, or CHADS2/CHA2DS2VASc score at presentation.ConclusionsThe risk for intracardiac thrombus is high in the pediatric and CHD population, with no apparent distinguishing factors to warrant a change in the recommendations for TEE, with all levels of cardiac complexity being at risk for clot.
Forecasting the type 2 diabetes mellitus epidemic and the role of key risk factors in Oman up to 2050: Mathematical modeling analyses
Authors: Awad Susanne F , Al‐Mawali Adhra , Al‐Lawati Jawad A , Morsi Magdi , Critchley Julia A , Abu‐Raddad Laith J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo investigate and forecast type 2 diabetes mellitus epidemic, its related risk factors and cost in Oman by 2050.Materials and MethodsAn age‐structured mathematical model was used to characterize type 2 diabetes mellitus epidemiology and trends in Oman between 1990 and 2050. The model was parametrized using current and quality data, including six nationally representative population‐based epidemiological surveys for type 2 diabetes mellitus and its key risk factors.ResultsThe projected type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence increased from 15.2% in 2020 to 23.8% in 2050. The prevalence increased from 16.8 and 13.8% in 2020 among women and men to 26.3 and 21.4% in 2050, respectively. In 2020, 190,489 Omanis were living with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with 570,227 in 2050. The incidence rate per 1,000 person‐years changed from 8.3 in 2020 to 12.1 in 2050. Type 2 diabetes mellitus’ share of Oman’s national health expenditure grew by 36% between 2020 and 2050 (from 21.2 to 28.8%). Obesity explained 56.7% of type 2 diabetes mellitus cases in 2020 and 71.4% in 2050, physical inactivity explained 4.3% in 2020 and 2.7% in 2050, whereas smoking accounted for <1% of type 2 diabetes mellitus cases throughout 2020–2050. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses affirmed these predictions.ConclusionsThe type 2 diabetes mellitus epidemic in Oman is expected to increase significantly over the next three decades, consuming nearly one‐third of the national health expenditure. The type 2 diabetes mellitus burden is heavily influenced by obesity. Interventions targeting this single risk factor should be a national priority to reduce and control the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Oman.
Discrimination of red porgy Pagrus pagrus (Sparidae) potential stocks in the south‐western Atlantic by otolith shape analysis
Authors: Kikuchi Eidi , García Sebastían , da Costa Paulo Alberto Silva , Cardoso Luis Gustavo , Haimovici Manuel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOtolith shape analysis is a powerful method for fish stock identification. We compared the otolith shape of Pagrus pagrus (Linnaeus 1758) along with its distribution in four south‐western Atlantic regions where it is commercially fished: Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil, the Argentine‐Uruguayan Common Fishing Zone (UA) and the Argentinian Exclusive Fishing Zone (AR). Otolith shapes were compared by Elliptical Fourier and Wavelet coefficients among specimens in a size range with similar otoliths, morphometric parameters and ages. Four potential stocks were identified: one in the AR, a second along the UA which included specimens from southern Brazil with well‐marked opaque bands in its otoliths (MRS), the third in southern Brazil with faint or absent opaque bands in its otoliths (FRS) and the fourth along Rio de Janeiro. The difference in the otolith shape among regions followed differences reported using other stock identification techniques. The similarity between otoliths from UA and MRS (ANOVA‐like, P > 0.01) can be explained by seasonal short‐range migrations. Otoliths shape differences between MRS and FRS (ANOVA‐like, P < 0.01) suggest that P. pagrus does not form a homogeneous group in southern Brazil.
Psychological factors associated with sleep disorders in patients with axial spondyloarthritis or psoriatic arthritis: A multicenter cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Cano‐García Laura , Mena‐Vázquez Natalia , Manrique Arija Sara , Hernández‐Sánchez María Dolores , Segura‐Ruiz Rocío , Domínguez‐Quesada Carmen , Fernández‐Nebro Antonio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies in axial spondyloarthritis (AxSp) have shown that intensity of pain, anxiety, depression and inflammatory activity are associated with poor sleep quality.AimTo describe mood and sleep disorders and positive psychological factors in patients with AxSp and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and to evaluate the psychological factors that are potentially involved in sleep disorders.DesignMulticenter cross‐sectional observational study based on a series of patients with AxSp and PsA.ParticipantsParticipants were selected consecutively from patients aged ≥18 years with AxSp or PsA followed at the rheumatology department of 4 Spanish hospitals. Inclusion criteria: age ≥18 years, AxSp (ASAS criteria) or PsA (CASPAR criteria), ability to understand the study and prepared to complete the questionnaires.MethodsMain outcomes: Oviedo Sleep Quality questionnaire result. Secondary outcomes: psychological status evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire, health‐related quality of life evaluated using SF‐36, perception of pain evaluated using the short questionnaire for assessment of pain (BDU) and fatigue evaluated using the Fatigue Scale (FACIT) questionnaire. We performed a descriptive multivariate linear regression analysis to study factors that were independently associated with sleep disorders. The STROBE guidelines were adopted.ResultsWe included 301 patients (152 [50.5%] with AxSp and 149 [49.5%] with PsA). The multivariate linear regression analysis for the whole sample showed that insomnia was inversely associated with emotional recovery and biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs and directly associated with depression in both groups. The analysis by disease (AxSp and PsA) showed that insomnia was independently associated with depression and emotional recovery.ConclusionsInsomnia may be associated with other mood disorders, quality of life and inflammatory activity in the patients studied here.Relevance to clinical practiceA nurse intervention can be carried out to prevent sleep disorders knowing the consequences and triggers of the problem.
Analysis of experience of the use of plastic cannulas in Spanish haemodialysis units
Authors: Pedreira‐Robles Guillermo , Martínez‐Delgado Yaiza , Herrera‐Morales Cristina , Vasco‐Gómez Ana , Junyent‐Iglesias Ernestina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionPlastic cannulas (PC) have shown efficacy in haemodialysis (HD) and are presented as a positive innovation for patients and vascular access survival.ObjectiveTo analyse Spanish HD nurses' experience of using PC.DesignCross‐sectional observational study.MethodsAn ad hoc questionnaire was administered on nurses' experience of PC use.ResultsA total of 163 Spanish HD nurses were surveyed, of whom 42.3% had PC in their workplace and 50.9% had used them. In all, 55.8% had received training and 77.9% wished to receive more training. These needles were significantly more available in public institutions than in private centres (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between years of experience and having received training (p = 0.915). There was a moderate‐strong correlation (ρ = 0.659) between greater professional satisfaction with the product and greater patient satisfaction (p < 0.001). The nurses would make a median of two [P25, 1; P75, 3] modifications in the product design. The characteristics of the PC were rated positively by 55.8% and negatively by 10.3%.ConclusionsA substantial proportion of the nurses surveyed did not use PC and had not received training in their use. Respondents reported that PC could be improved and a small percentage perceived them negatively.Implications for PracticeBased on the evidence presented and available, if we manage to integrate this knowledge and work on the continuum of achieving excellence, we will continue to grow as a profession and provide higher quality care.
Faecal regenerating 1B protein concentration is not associated with child growth in rural Malawi
Authors: Liu Zhifei , Fan Yue‐Mei , Ashorn Per , Cheung Yin Bun , Hallamaa Lotta , Hyöty Heikki , Maleta Kenneth , Lehto Kirsi‐Maarit , Oikarinen Sami , Parkkila Seppo , Ashorn Ulla 
Published: October 2020

AimThis study was designed to determine whether faecal regenerating 1B protein (REG1B) concentration is associated with physical growth among 6–30‐month‐old children in rural Malawi.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis from a randomised controlled trial in rural Malawi in which we followed‐up 790 live‐born infants from birth to 30 months of age. We collected anthropometric data at the age of 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 months. We measured faecal REG1B concentration by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique using stool samples collected at 6, 18 and 30 months of age. We assessed the association between faecal REG1B concentration and children's physical growth using linear regression and longitudinal data analysis.ResultsOf 790 live‐born infants enrolled, 694 (87%) with at least one faecal REG1B concentration measurement were included in the analysis. Faecal REG1B concentration was not associated with the children's concurrent length‐for‐age z‐score (LAZ), weight‐for‐age z‐score (WAZ), weight‐for‐length z‐score (WLZ) and mid‐upper arm circumference‐for‐age z‐score (MUACZ) at any time point (P > 0.05), nor with a change in their anthropometric indices in the subsequent 6‐month period (P > 0.05).ConclusionsFaecal REG1B concentration is not associated with LAZ, WAZ, WLZ and MUACZ among 6–30‐month‐old infants and children in rural Malawi.
CoVID‐19: Parent and caregiver concerns about reopening New Zealand schools
Authors: Jeffs Emma , Lucas Nathanael , Walls Tony 
Published: October 2020

AimChildren generally have a milder CoVID‐19 disease course and better prognosis than adults. Many countries have closed schools as part of measures to limit transmission and this has had a considerable impact on children world‐wide. This includes New Zealand (NZ), where rates of CoVID‐19 have been very low. The aims of this study were to investigate parents' and caregivers' knowledge of CoVID‐19 in children, to understand their levels of concern and to identify their most trusted sources of information.MethodsParticipants were recruited via NZ parenting support and interest groups on Facebook.com. Knowledge was assessed by way of a self‐administered questionnaire during the 10 days prior to NZ schools reopening on 18 May 2020.ResultsOf the 1191 study participants, 721 (60%) expressed some level of worry (14.5% very or extremely worried) that their child would catch CoVID‐19 at school. A high proportion (79%, 941) thought it likely or very likely that their child would catch CoVID‐19 at school if there were to be widespread community transmission. Fear scores for CoVID‐19 were generally high, and 828 (80%) of participants said they would vaccinate their child if a newly developed vaccine were available.ConclusionsParents and caregivers were generally fearful of their children acquiring CoVID‐19 at school. This was despite messaging from multiple trusted sources that transmission in schools is unlikely, and the number of NZ CoVID‐19 cases being extremely low. These findings have implications for policy development and public health messaging both in NZ and in countries with ongoing community transmission of CoVID‐19.
Partially replacing sorghum silage with cactus (Opuntia stricta) cladodes in a soybean oil‐supplemented diet markedly increases trans‐11 18:1, cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA and 18:2 n‐6 contents in cow milk
Authors: Gama Marco A. S. , de Paula Talita A. , Véras Antônia S. C. , Guido Sebastião I. , Borges Cristiano A. V. , Antoniassi Rosemar , Lopes Fernando C. F. , Neves Maria L. M. W. , Ferreira Marcelo de A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBased on low 18:0 contents observed in milk fat of cows fed cactus cladodes (CC), we hypothesized that including Opuntia stricta cladodes in a soybean oil (SO)‐supplemented diet would promote incomplete rumen biohydrogenation of supplemental PUFA, leading to increased trans‐11 18:1 and cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA contents in milk. Twelve Holstein cows were used in a two‐period study: (a) Baseline: all cows received a total mixed ration (TMR) composed of sorghum silage (SS) and a concentrate containing no SO for 14 days; (b) Treatment: cows received one of the following SO‐supplemented diets for 21 days: (1) SS‐TMR: a TMR composed of SS and a SO‐enriched concentrate, (2) CC‐TMR: a TMR containing CC as a partial substitute for SS plus the SO‐enriched concentrate, and (3) CC‐PMR: same diet as in treatment 2, but CC were mixed with the SO‐enriched concentrate and fed as a partial mixed ration (PMR). Both CC diets increased relative abundances of trans‐11 18:1, cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA, and 18:2 n‐6 in milk fat, whereas opposite effects were observed on 18:0 and cis‐9 18:1. Proportion of 18:2 n‐6 increased, and cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA tended to increase with CC‐PMR as compared to CC‐TMR, whereas 18:3 n‐3 was higher with CC‐PMR than with SS‐TMR. Proportions of several odd‐ and branched‐chain fatty acids, certain 18:1 isomers, and trans‐9, cis‐11 CLA changed with CC diets, notably with CC‐PMR. Milk yield and intake of most nutrients (except fibre) increased or tended to increase with the CC diets, whereas gross milk composition was unaltered. Stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1 index for C18 (SCD18) was higher with CC‐PMR than with SS‐TMR, and milk n‐6:n‐3 FA ratio and apparent transfer of 18:2 n‐6 to milk increased with CC diets. These results indicate that Opuntia stricta cladodes can be a valuable feed ingredient for improving the nutraceutical value of milk fat.
Effect of antimicrobial stewardship on antimicrobial prescriptions for selected diseases of dogs in Switzerland
Authors: Lehner Claudia , Hubbuch Alina , Schmitt Kira , Schuepbach‐Regula Gertraud , Willi Barbara , Mevissen Meike , Peter Ruth , Muentener Cedric R. , Naegeli Hanspeter , Schuller Simone 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are important tools to foster prudent antimicrobial use.ObjectiveTo evaluate antimicrobial prescriptions by Swiss veterinarians before and after introduction of the online ASP AntibioticScout.ch in December 2016.AnimalsDogs presented to 2 university hospitals and 14 private practices in 2016 or 2018 for acute diarrhea (AD; n = 779), urinary tract infection (UTI; n = 505), respiratory tract infection (RTI; n = 580), or wound infection (WI; n = 341).MethodsRetrospective study. Prescriptions of antimicrobials in 2016 and 2018 were compared and their appropriateness assessed by a justification score.ResultsThe proportion of dogs prescribed antimicrobials decreased significantly between 2016 and 2018 (74% vs 59%;P < .001). The proportion of prescriptions in complete agreement with guidelines increased significantly (48% vs 60%;P < .001) and those in complete disagreement significantly decreased (38% vs 24%;P < .001) during this time. Antimicrobial prescriptions for dogs with AD were significantly correlated with the presence of hemorrhagic diarrhea in both years, but a significantly lower proportion of dogs with hemorrhagic diarrhea were unnecessarily prescribed antimicrobials in 2018 (65% vs 36%;P < .001). In private practices, in 2018 a bacterial etiology of UTI was confirmed in 16% of dogs. Prescriptions for fluoroquinolones significantly decreased (29% vs 14%;P= .002). Prescriptions for antimicrobials decreased significantly in private practices for RTI (54% vs 31%;P < .001).ConclusionAntimicrobials were used more prudently for the examined indications in 2018 compared to 2016. The study highlights the continued need for ASPs in veterinary medicine.
Genetic diversity and historical demography in Bellamya gastropods from the Lake Victoria ecoregion reveal early and severe population collapse
Authors: Whelan Nathan V. , Strong Ellen E. 
Published: October 2020

Understanding the interplay between ecological and population genetic processes through space and time is a central goal of landscape genetics. However, most studies that place diversification dynamics in an ecological context have focused on vertebrates, leaving a significant gap in our understanding of the effects of ecosystem change on community composition and demography of invertebrates. In the East African Rift System, cichlid fishes have emerged as a powerful model system for understanding adaptive radiation (Kornfield & Smith, 2000), but few studies have examined diversification of other taxa. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Van Bocxlaer et al. (2020) use landscape genetic approaches to model historical demography and diversification of viviparid gastropods in the Lake Victoria ecoregion. They show that while phylogeographic patterns are similar between the two, viviparids and cichlids have responded in very different ways to the climatic upheavals of the Pleistocene and that their responses have been at least partially asynchronous. Viviparids have experienced population collapse 30‐ to 50‐fold more severe than that seen in haplochromine cichlids from the region, and population declines began 100K years earlier, prior to the last glacial maximum (~15,000–18,000 years ago). Their results reveal a new facet to the profound and lasting impacts of Pleistocene climate change on the modern fauna of the Lake Victoria ecoregion and its ability to respond to current human‐mediated stressors.
A mobile sex‐determining region, male‐specific haplotypes and rearing environment influence age at maturity in Chinook salmon
Authors: McKinney Garrett J. , Nichols Krista M. , Ford Michael J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVariation in age at maturity is an important contributor to life history and demographic variation within and among species. The optimal age at maturity can vary by sex, and the ability of each sex to evolve towards its fitness optimum depends on the genetic architecture of maturation. Using GWAS of RAD sequencing data, we show that age at maturity in Chinook salmon exhibits sex‐specific genetic architecture, with age at maturity in males influenced by large (up to 20 Mb) male‐specific haplotypes. These regions showed no such effect in females. We also provide evidence for translocation of the sex‐determining gene between two different chromosomes. This has important implications for sexually antagonistic selection, particularly that sex linkage of adaptive genes may differ within and among populations based on chromosomal location of the sex‐determining gene. Our findings will facilitate research into the genetic causes of shifting demography in Chinook salmon as well as a better understanding of sex determination in this species and Pacific salmon in general.
Environmental variables determining the distribution of an avian parasite: the case of thePhilornis torquanscomplex in South America
Authors: Cuervo P. F. , Percara A. , Monje L. , Beldomenico P. M. , Quiroga M. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhilornisflies are the major cause of myiasis in nestlings of Neotropical birds, being of major concern in geographically‐restricted and endangered bird species. Despite its relevance for the conservation of birds, there is little information about the environmental dimensions determiningPhilornisspp. geographical range. By using maximum entropy, we identified for the first time the macro‐environmental variables constraining the abiotic niche of theP. torquanscomplex in South America, and provided a model map of its potential distribution based on environmental suitability. We identified the minimum temperature of the coldest month as the most relevant variable, associated with the largest decrease in habitat suitability in Brazil and northern South America. Furthermore, the mean temperature of the warmest quarter limited suitability mostly along with the Andean range. In addition, humidity and moisture are influential factors in most of Argentina, northern Chile, and coastal Peru. The geographical projection suggests that environments in most of central‐eastern Argentina, and in a broad area in central Chile, are suitable for the presence of theP. torquanscomplex. Besides providing information about the ecology ofPhilornisspp., this study represents a tool for bird conservation and a reference for future work on the distribution of this genus.
Evolution and diversification of reproductive phased small interfering RNAs in Oryza species
Authors: Tian Peng , Zhang Xuemei , Xia Rui , Liu Yang , Wang Meijiao , Li Bo , Liu Tieyan , Shi Jinfeng , Wing Rod A. , Meyers Blake C. , Chen Mingsheng 
Published: October 2020

Summary

In grasses, two types of phased, small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) are expressed largely in young, developing anthers. They are 21 or 24 nucleotides (nt) in length and are triggered by miR2118 or miR2275, respectively. However, most of their functions and activities are not fully understood.

We performed comparative genomic analysis of their source loci (PHAS) in five Oryza genomes and combined this with analysis of high‐throughput sRNA and degradome datasets. In total, we identified 8216 21‐PHAS and 626 24‐PHAS loci. Local tandem and segmental duplications mainly contributed to the expansion and supercluster distribution of the 21‐PHAS loci. Despite their relatively conserved genomic positions, PHAS sequences diverged rapidly, except for the miR2118/2275 target sites, which were under strong selection for conservation.

We found that 21‐nt phasiRNAs with a 5′‐terminal uridine (U) demonstrated cis‐cleavage at PHAS precursors, and these cis‐acting sites were also variable among close species. miR2118 could trigger phasiRNA production from its own antisense transcript and the derived phasiRNAs might reversibly regulate miR2118 precursors.

We hypothesised that successful initiation of phasiRNA biogenesis is conservatively maintained, while phasiRNA products diverged quickly and are not individually conserved. In particular, phasiRNA production is under the control of multiple reciprocal regulation mechanisms.