bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TGF-β1 modulates temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma via altered microRNA processing and elevated MGMT
Authors: Nie Er , Jin Xin , Miao Faan , Yu Tianfu , Zhi Tongle , Shi Zhumei , Wang Yingyi , Zhang Junxia , Xie Manyi , You Yongping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Our previous studies have indicated that miR-198 reduces cellular methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) levels to enhance temozolomide sensitivity. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) switches off miR-198 expression by repressing K-homology splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) expression in epidermal keratinocytes. However, the underlying role of TGF-β1 in temozolomide resistance has remained unknown.

Methods
The distribution of KSRP was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Microarray analysis was used to compare the levels of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) between TGF-β1–treated and untreated cells. RNA immunoprecipitation was performed to verify the relationship between RNAs and KSRP. Flow cytometry and orthotopic and subcutaneous xenograft tumor models were used to determine the function of TGF-β1 in temozolomide resistance.

Results
Overexpression of TGF-β1 contributed to temozolomide resistance in MGMT promoter hypomethylated glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. TGF-β1 treatment reduced cellular MGMT levels through suppressing the expression of miR-198. However, TGF-β1 upregulation did not affect KSRP expression in glioma cells. We identified and characterized 2 lncRNAs (H19 and HOXD-AS2) that were upregulated by TGF-β1 through Smad signaling. H19 and HOXD-AS2 exhibited competitive binding to KSRP and prevented KSRP from binding to primary miR-198, thus decreasing miR-198 expression. HOXD-AS2 or H19 upregulation strongly promoted temozolomide resistance and MGMT expression. Moreover, KSRP depletion abrogated the effects of TGF-β1 and lncRNAs on miR-198 and MGMT. Finally, we found that patients with low levels of TGF-β1 or lncRNA expression benefited from temozolomide therapy.

Conclusions
Our results reveal an underlying mechanism by which TGF-β1 confers temozolomide resistance. Furthermore, our findings suggest that a novel combination of temozolomide with a TGF-β inhibitor may serve as an effective therapy for glioblastomas.
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies
Authors: Dai Ying , Liu Jianghong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
Omega-3, a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA), may help promote healthy sleep outcomes. However, evidence from randomized controlled trials are inconclusive.

Objective
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the impact of omega-3 LC-PUFA supplementation and related dietary intervention in clinical trials as well as omega-3 LC-PUFA exposure in longitudinal studies on human’s sleep-related outcome.

Data Sources
The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and AMED databases were searched from inception to November 2019. Randomized controlled trials, clinical trials that included a control group, and longitudinal studies that reported the intake of omega-3 LC-PUFA and sleep-related outcomes were included.

Study Selection
A total of 20 studies with 12 clinical trials and 8 longitudinal studies were identified for inclusion.

Data Extraction
Participant characteristics, study location, intervention information, and sleep-related outcome measurements were reported. Included studies were appraised with Cochrane risk-of-bias tools and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95%CIs were pooled with fixed or random effect models.

Results
Omega-3 LC-PUFA may improve infants' sleep organization and maturity. It reduced the percentage of infants' active sleep (WMD = –8.40%; 95%CI, –14.50 to –2.29), sleep-wake transition (WMD = –1.15%; 95%CI, –2.09 to –0.20), and enhanced the percentage of wakefulness (WMD = 9.06%; 95%CI, 1.53–16.59) but had no effect on quiet sleep. Omega-3 reduced children’s total sleep disturbance score for those with clinical-level sleep problems (WMD = –1.81; 95%CI, –3.38 to –0.23) but had no effect on healthy children’s total sleep duration, sleep latency, or sleep efficiency. No effectiveness was found in adults’ total sleep duration, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, sleep quality, or insomnia severity.

Conclusion
Omega-3 LC-PUFA may improve certain aspects of sleep health throughout childhood. Additional robust studies are warranted to confirm the relationship between omega-3 LC-PUFA and sleep.
Conceptualising the Victim in England and Wales and the United States within a Spectrum of Public and Private Interests
Authors: Manikis Marie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The conception of the victim in criminal justice systems has changed across history and legal systems. A framework that considers the private and public along a spectrum and offers nuances between private and public interests illuminates the ways victims have been conceived within mechanisms of participation in various criminal justice systems and the ways they can oscillate and have oscillated within these categories. This article argues that in England and Wales, victims have been conceived as citizens with both private and predominantly public roles and interests, while in the United States, they have been conceptualised as actors that hold predominantly private interests. Nuances within mechanisms of victim participation that challenge the rigidity of the public/private divide within those jurisdictions are accounted for and discussed.
Facing a Feared Situation: Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Petroclival Lesions With Internal Carotid Artery Encasement: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Anania Yury , Venteicher Andrew S , Wang Eric W , Zenonos George A , Snyderman Carl H , Gardner Paul A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A 33-yr-old woman presented with diplopia due to partial III and VI cranial nerve palsies, and an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a left petroclival lesion with cavernous sinus invasion. The ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) was displaced and encased by the tumor. Chondroid tumors such as this are known to be high risk for ICA injury
1
; however, given the patient's young age a radical resection was desirable,
2
depending on the risk of such a strategy. Therefore, a preoperative balloon test occlusion (BTO) was performed to estimate the risk of stroke in case of ICA sacrifice.
3
Clinical and single-photon emission computed tomography testing predicted low risk of stroke, allowing for aggressive resection. A preoperative ICA occlusion was not performed as intraoperative control was believed to be adequate and preservation is always preferable when possible due to rare inaccuracies in BTO and long term risks of occlusion. An endoscopic endonasal and right contralateral transmaxillary approach with intraoperative neurophysiology were performed to remove this lesion.
4,5
During surgery, the ICA proved dehiscent, and was therefore clip sacrificed.
6
An immediate postoperative digital subtraction angiography showed minimally delayed, but adequate, blood flow to the left cerebral hemisphere. Postoperative MRI showed complete removal and no significant infarct. The patient was discharged in stable neurological condition, with only a slightly worsened CN III palsy.
Experience with management of ICA injury is of uttermost importance in endoscopic endonasal surgery,
1,2
and requires adequate training and an experienced 2-surgeon team.
7

The patient provided consent to the submission and publication of the related surgical video.
ADDING TWO NEW CONTACT CIRCUMSTANCES TO ‘MERGED PHANTOM TOOL’ AND A TECHNIQUE TO CONVERT STRUCTURE INFORMATION SEGMENTED BY THE CARIMAS SOFTWARE INTO GEANT4 GEOMETRY
Authors: Thao Nguyen Thi Phuong , Trung Nguyen Thien , Duy Nguyen Khanh , Danh Nguyen Thanh , Anh Pham Tien , Son Nguyen Dong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Two new contact circumstances called ‘stand-lie’ and ‘front–rear’ are implemented to the merged phantom tool. To allow more flexibility for users when they calculate the dose for a volume of interest (VOI) with arbitrary geometry, an optional utility to convert segmented structure information from the CARIMAS software into parallel geometry of GEANT4 is provided. The effective dose for a person who has been in contact with a male patient being treated for thyroid cancer with 131I is calculated for four circumstances: opposite, side by side, stand-lie and front–rear. The biggest dose is the ‘opposite’ circumstance and the smallest one is the ‘stand-lie’ circumstance. Using the dose distribution in the patient’s body and applying the right circumstance should be done to optimise the dose calculation for the contact person.
Toward a Complex Network of Risks for Psychosis: Combining Trauma, Cognitive Biases, Depression, and Psychotic-like Experiences on a Large Sample of Young Adults
Authors: Gawęda Łukasz , Pionke Renata , Hartmann Jessica , Nelson Barnaby , Cechnicki Andrzej , Frydecka Dorota 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Although the linkage between traumatic life events and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) is well established, the knowledge of potential mechanisms of this relationship is scarce. The aim of the present study was to better understand the structure of connections between traumatic life events and PLEs by considering at the same time the role of cognitive biases and depressive symptoms in the population of young adults (18–35 years of age, M = 26.52, SD = 4.74, n = 6772). Our study was conducted within a framework of network analysis. PLEs were measured with the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16), cognitive biases were measured with nine items from the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale-18 (DACOBS-18), depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale (CESD-R) and exposure to traumatic life events was measured with a combination of Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q) and Traumatic Experience Checklist (TEC). The results present a network of all nodes being interconnected within and between domains, with no isolated factors. Exposures to sexual trauma were the most central node in the network. Pathways were identified from trauma to PLEs via cognitive biases and depressive symptoms. However, the shortest pathway between the most central traumatic life event and PLEs was through other traumatic life events, without cognitive biases or depressive symptoms along the way. Our findings suggest the importance of environmental adversities as well as dysfunctional information processing and depression in the network of psychosis risks.
Investigating the ocular toxicity potential and therapeutic efficiency of in situ gel nanoemulsion formulations of brinzolamide
Authors: Talaei Sima , Mahboobian Mohammad Mehdi , Mohammadi Mojdeh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Glaucoma is an ocular disease i.e. more common in older adults with elevated intraocular pressure and a serious threat to vision if it is not controlled. Due to the limitations regarding the conventional form of brinzolamide (Azopt®), two optimum formulations of in situ gel nanoemulsion were developed. To ensure the safety and efficacy of developed formulations for ocular drug delivery, the current study was designed.
MTT assay was carried out on the human retinal pigmentation epithelial cells. To investigate the irritation potential of the chosen formulations, hen’s egg test-chorioallantoic membrane as a borderline test between in vivo and in vitro methods has been done. The modified Draize method was utilized to evaluate eye tolerance against the selected formulations. Intraocular pressure was measured by applying the prepared formulations to the eyes of normotensive albino rabbits in order to assess the therapeutic efficacy.
Based on MTT test, cell viability for NE-2 at 0.1% and NE-1 at 0.1 and 0.5% concentrations was acceptable. The results of the hen’s egg test-chorioallantoic membrane test indicated no sign of vessel injury on the chorioallantoic membrane surface for both formulations. Also, during 24 h, both formulations were well-tolerated by rabbit eyes. The pharmacodynamics effects of formulations had no difference or were even higher than that of suspension in case of adding lower concentration (0.5%) of brinzolamide to the formulations.
With regard to the results of the mentioned methods, our advanced formulations were effective, safe, and well-tolerated, thus can be introduced as an appropriate vehicle for ocular delivery of brinzolamide.
6Queer Theory: Queer Children and Childhoods
Authors: Miller Jennifer L 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis year’s review of queer theory focuses on recent scholarship about transgender youth. Most of the scholarship reviewed in this chapter defines transgender expansively to include any identifications and/or expressions of gender that trouble dyadic sex-gender ideologies. Additionally, the scholarship reviewed in this chapter evinces a collapse of scholarship and activism by investing in scholarship as activism. Although queer theory is not often heralded for its use in taking a pragmatic approach to social change, the majority of theorists discussed in the chapter do in fact make practical recommendations for justice-oriented social policy and practice changes that would radically improve the lives of transgender youth. Even more, most of the scholars discussed in this chapter are themselves transgender and are committed to creating a world were trans lives can flourish. They resist liberal accommodation models of trans inclusion and instead theorize what meaningful structural change would look like. The chapter is divided into five sections: 1. Introduction: Queer Kids; 2. Queer Gender Now; 3. Queer Youth Now; 4. Transgender Youth In and Out of History; and 5. Conclusion.
Transthoracic Echocardiography in Prone Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Gibson Lauren E. , Di Fenza Raffaele , Berra Lorenzo , Bittner Edward A. , Chang Marvin G. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome are at risk for developing cardiac dysfunction which is independently associated with worse outcomes. Transthoracic echocardiography is an ideal imaging modality for goal-directed assessment and optimization of cardiac function and volume status. Prone positioning, while demonstrated to improve oxygenation, offload the right ventricle, and reduce short-term mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome, has previously precluded transthoracic echocardiography on these patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability to perform focused transthoracic echocardiography examinations on acute respiratory distress syndrome patients in the prone position.

Design:
We performed a cross-sectional study of critically ill patients hospitalized for acute respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus disease 2019.

Setting:
This study was conducted in medical and surgical intensive units in a tertiary hospital.

Patients:
We examined 27 mechanically ventilated and prone patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus disease 2019. Participants were examined at the time of enrollment in an ongoing clinical trial (NCT04306393), and no patients were excluded from echocardiographic analysis.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We were able to perform transthoracic echocardiography and obtain satisfactory images for quantitative assessment of right ventricular function in 24 out of 27 (88.9%) and left ventricular function in 26 out of 27 (96.3%) of patients in the prone position, including many who were obese and on high levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (≥ 15 cm H2O).

Conclusions:
Transthoracic echocardiography can be performed at the prone patient’s bedside by critical care intensivists. These findings encourage the use of focused transthoracic echocardiography for goal-directed cardiac assessment in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients undergoing prone positioning.
Targeting molecular subtypes in solid cancers: successes and failures
Authors: Assi Rita , Kotecki Nuria , Awada Ahmad 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
We herein review some of the major patterns of resistance and lessons learned from the use of earlier targeted therapies in two genotype-driven solid tumors.

Recent findings
Targeted agents have rapidly expanded in the field of oncology over the past 2 decades. The breakthroughs achieved by these agents have been, however, hindered by the inevitable development of drug resistance. Intrinsic or acquired mechanisms of resistance eventually lead to treatment tolerance and tumoral plasticity with phenotypic switch and evasion of the original targeted pathway. Failures in such therapies also result from poor selectivity of the target, drug delivery, and unaffordable costs.

Summary
Based on above findings, collaborative efforts are advancing at the molecular level to design better drugs or combinatorial strategies and to develop more sensitive assays to monitor responses and the emergence of resistance.
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell lymphoma immunotherapy: the next questions
Authors: Salaroli Adriano , Spilleboudt Chloé , Bron Dominique , Lewalle Philippe 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an innovative form of adoptive cellular immunotherapy targeting CD19 in its most advanced form. Up to 30% of infused patients achieve long-term survival, meaning that 70% of patients still fail to respond or relapse after therapy. This review will address the unresolved issues relating to responders’ characterization, relapse prediction, and prevention, CAR T-cell construct optimization, rational combination with other therapies and treatment toxicity, focusing on the management of relapsed/refractory lymphoma patients.

Recent findings
Many new antigenic targets are currently investigated and raise the hope of broader successes. However, literature data report that treatment failure is not only related to CAR T construct and infusion but is also due to hostile tumor microenvironment and poor interaction with the host effector cells. Further research should not only target CAR T structure, toxicity and associated therapies, but also tumor-related and host-related microenvironment interactions that lead to treatment failure in relapsed/refractory lymphoma patients.

Summary
Poor persistence of CAR T and loss of CD19 antigen are well established mechanisms of relapse in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). A fourth generation of CAR T construct is currently investigated to overcome this issue. In non-Hodgkin lymphoma, mechanisms of treatment failure remain poorly understood but tumor and host microenvironment are undoubtedly involved and should be further investigated. A deeper understanding of CAR T-cell therapy failure in individuals will help personalize CAR T-cell therapy in the future.
A false traumatic aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery: case report and literature review
Authors: Xie Fei , Jianqiang Hao , Ting Wang , Richard Seidu A. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
Pseudoaneurysms or false aneurysms originating from superficial temporal artery (STA) are rare and often seen as facial swellings. These forms of aneurysms often involve the intimal and media layers of the arterial wall. So far only single cases have been reported at various locations across the world since 1644. We report another unique case of traumatic STA pseudoaneurysms.

Case Presentation:
We present a 51-year-old man with a 1-year history of a pulsatile mass on the left forehead. He suffered a blunt trauma at the temporal region of the left forehead a year prior. Computed tomography angiography confirmed left STA pseudoaneurysms. The lesion was total resected via surgery. We reconstructed parent artery after resecting the pseudoaneurysm. The patient recovered well with an overall good cosmetic look.

Conclusions:
It is very necessary to report the occurrences of STA pseudoaneurysms because the swelling could be mistaken for other lesions leading to inappropriate treatment especially in facilities with no modern radiologic modalities.
Vaginal laser treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause: does the evidence support the FDA safety communication?
Authors: Guo Julia Z. , Souders Colby , McClelland Lynn , Anger Jennifer T. , Scott Victoria C.S. , Eilber Karyn S. , Ackerman A. Lenore 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Importance:
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a chronic, progressive condition frequently manifesting as vaginal dryness and pain with intercourse. Survey data indicate this is a highly prevalent, likely underreported, condition that profoundly affects quality of life for millions of women. Vaginal lasers demonstrate promise as an effective, nonhormone therapeutic alternative for GSM; however, the risks associated with them may have been overstated.

Objective:
Despite reports of improved sexual and vaginal comfort without serious safety concerns, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a 2018 safety communication warning against it. We conducted a systematic literature review and surveyed both the FDA Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) and Bloomberg Law Databases to evaluate risks associated with laser treatment for GSM.

Evidence Review:
A systematic literature review identified articles published before September 2019. The MAUDE database was searched by name from 2009 to 2019 for safety claims for 24 vaginal laser devices. The Bloomberg Law database was searched for product liability claims against any vaginal laser device manufacturer before July 2019.

Findings:
Literature review revealed 3 publications detailing 29 presumptive laser-associated complications, only 5 of which (17.2%) reported worsening symptoms after treatment. The MAUDE database contained 120 complaints; only 30 (25%) detailed potential adverse patient events, most frequently pain (n = 12) and burning (n = 10). The Bloomberg law database contained no claims asserting harm from device use.

Conclusions and Relevance:
Lacking strong evidence indicating significant patient risk for vaginal laser treatment of GSM, the FDA safety communication appears unsubstantiated and implies gender bias. Identified complications suggest most reported “adverse events” represent lack of treatment effect. The well-documented benefits and low risk of adverse event suggest laser therapy for GSM is reasonable with appropriate pretreatment counseling. Additional randomized, well-controlled clinical trials are needed to further elucidate both the safety and efficacy of this nonhormone therapy.