bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physician Assistants in Geriatric Medicine
Authors: Honda Trenton J. , Kozikowski Andrzej , Segal-Gidan Freddi , Hooker Roderick 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The US population is maturing. As of 2020, over 16% (52 million people) are age 65 or older. With a citizenry that is increasingly "gray," the nation is short of medical providers who specialize in geriatric medical care. For example, the number of geriatrician physicians per 10,000 adults 65 years and older has decreased since 2000, with approximately 5,300 in 2018. Nurse practitioners in geriatric medical care numbered 598 in 2018. Considering that the projected needs by 2030 will be over 30,000, the trajectory of geriatricians is becoming increasingly inadequate for the aging population. Physician assistants (PA) are another class of providers that are filling this geriatric medical care role, although little has been published. To address this role of PAs a study was undertaken. Methods: The National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants databank provided the number and characteristics of PAs in geriatric medicine and compared them to all other certified PAs. Analyses included descriptive statistics, Chi-Square, and Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests for comparisons between PAs practicing in geriatric medical care vs. all other specialties. Where a comparison between PAs in geriatrics and other specialties was made, a P value of .05 or less was considered statistically significant. Results: As of 2018, there were 794 certified PAs, or 0.8% of the certified PA workforce, in geriatric medical care. This cadre has grown significantly since 2013, both in total number (increasing over 373%) and as a percentage of the PA workforce. The median age of certified PAs in geriatrics is 45 years, and 79% are female. Almost half (46%) of PAs in geriatric medicine work in extended care facilities or nursing homes, which differs from PAs in non-geriatrics care. Another 8% work in government facilities and 8% in rehabilitation facilities. In 2018, the mean annual income for this PA group was $106,680. Conclusions: As the American population continues to age, the relative growth of PAs in geriatric medicine makes them a natural part of the solution to the projected physician geriatrician deficit. The role of PAs in geriatric medical care remains to be explored.
Analysis of gastroscopy results among healthy people undergoing a medical checkup: A retrospective study
Authors: Huang Haosu , Rong Yanting , Wang Meng , Guo Zimeng , Yu Yanghua , Long Zhenpu , Chen Xiaoxiao , Wang Hanyue , Ding Junjie , Yan Lu , Peng Jie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The association of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings with sex, age, and Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic healthy people is unclear. The aim of this study was to retrospectively determine the associations of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in asymptomatic healthy people with sex, age, and H. pylori infection.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 2923 patients from a health examination center in Xiangya Hospital between September 2015 and September 2019. Data on sex, age, H. pylori infection, and gastroscopy results were collected. Results: Among 2923 asymptomatic patients who underwent gastroscopy, 2911 (99.59%) had abnormal results. The top three results were chronic gastritis (95.11%), peptic ulcer (17.45%), and duodenitis (9.17%). Inflammation of the gastric mucosa in chronic gastritis was more severe in the H. pylori-positive group. The incidence of peptic ulcer decreased with increasing age and was higher in men, patients aged <30 years, and H. pylori-positive patients. The incidence of polyps was higher in women (9.54%) than in men (5.94%), and the incidence in individuals aged ≥60 years (11.63%) was higher than that in those aged <60 years (6.83%).Conclusion: The incidence of upper gastrointestinal abnormal endoscopic results is high in asymptomatic healthy people undergoing a check-up and is associated with sex, age, and H. pylori infection. Gastroscopy should be considered part of a routine health check.
Theoretical and experimental study on the effective area of water film and dust removal efficiency
Authors: guo hua , Wang hai qiao , Chen shi qiang , Wu zhi rong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Breaking through the bottleneck of low resistance and high efficiency in mine exhaust dust control has been a hot issue in the industry. Aiming at the key problems of wet vibrating string grille dust removal, based on the multiphase flow theory and capillary mechanics, the dimensionless bond number expression of the influence of vibrating wire spacing on droplet spreading is derived. Furthermore, a liquid film formed by spreading droplets based on Kelvin correlation, young Laplace formula and Hagen Poiseuille theory, a formula for calculating the thickness and height of liquid film is established with temperature, relative humidity and molar volume of liquid phase as independent variables. Then, the dust removal efficiency calculation model of vibrating wire group is established between the liquid film thickness, height, wire diameter, effective water film area and vortex shedding frequency. Finally, on the experimental platform, the influence of the effective area of water film on the dust removal efficiency of wet vibrating wire grille plate is measured, and the above calculation model is verified. Moreover, the optimized combination of wet vibrating string spacing ratio 1.14, wind speed 3m/s and spray pressure 0.7 MPa is found, which provides important reference for engineering application.
Parental Socioeconomic Status as a determinant of breastfeeding : an analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( 2013 ~ 2017 )
Authors: Lee Jusuk , Kim Taehong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The importance of breastfeeding is well known. One of important factors affecting breastfeeding is socioeconomic status. We investigated the relationship between socioeconomic status and breastfeeding to promote future breastfeeding projects. Methods: Data were collected from the 2013 - 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We evaluated the demographic information and parents’ socioeconomic status of 1,220 children under 60months.Results: A total 1,220 children were included in this study. Some of the socioeconomic factors were associated with breastfeeding. Mothers’ education level (≥13years: odd ratio[OR], 2.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-6.42), middle high of mother’s income level (OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.18-2.84), no smoking status (OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.28-7.36), body mass index(BMI) (< 25(kg/m 2 ): OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.12-2.95) were associated with breastfeeding (p<0.05). Also, fathers’ age (30s: OR, 4.88; 95% CI, 1.82-13.04), education level(≥13years: OR, 7.94; 95% CI, 3.12-20.18) were associated with breastfeeding (p<0.05). After controlling for the confounding factors, mothers’ BMI, fathers’ age and educational level were statistically significant.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that socioeconomic factors were associated with breastfeeding in Korea. Keywords : Breastfeeding, Parental, Socioeconomic status, Korea
Investigation of availability, demand, targets, economic growth, and development of Renewable Energy in 2017-2050: A case study in Indonesia
Authors: Erdiwansyah Erdiwansyah , Mahidin Mahidin , Husin H. , Nasaruddin Nasaruddin , Khairil Khairil , Zaki M. , Jalaluddin Jalaluddin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Abundant potential of renewable energy (hereinafter called RE) in Indonesia is predicted to replace conventional energy which continues to experience depletion year by year. However, until now, the use of RE has only reached 2% of the existing potential of 441.7GW. The main overview of this work is to investigate the availability of RE that can be utilized for electricity generation in Indonesia. National energy demand and targets in the long run during the 2017-2050 period are also discussed. Besides, government policies in supporting RE development are considered in this work. The results show that the potential of RE in Indonesia can be utilized and might replace conventional energy for decades. The use of RE for electricity generation can be achieved by employing a government policy that supports the investor as the executor of RE development. The selling price of electricity generated from RE is cheaper than electricity generated from fossils; this makes economy is more affordable for people. Finally, the target set by the government for utilizing RE as the main energy in Indonesia can be done by implementing several policies for the RE development. Thus, greenhouse gas emissions and the use of petroleum fuels can be reduced.
What Determines HIV Self-Test Acceptability and Uptake Within The MSM Community in Nairobi and Its Environs? A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Ndungu Kingori , Gichangi Peter , Temmerman Marleen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus self-test (HIVST) refers to a process where a person collects his or her own specimen (blood or oral), performs a test and interprets the results. The interpretation of results can either be done in private or through support of a trusted partner. Self-test should be seen as screening and confirmatory test should be sort.Study Objective: To determine facilitating factors for HIVST acceptability and uptake among MSM community.Methods: The researcher employed a cross-sectional exploratory study design, targeting men who have sex with men (MSM) and men sex workers (MSW). The researcher used purposive sampling to identify the sites where data was collected, snowballing techniques were then employed to reach the respondents. Results: There was a significant association between self-test and frequency of testing for HIV/AIDS at P-Value of 0.011. Eighty three percent (83%) of the respondents had a negative HIV test result, (16%) had a positive result from the previous result. Most of the MSM will seek for confirmatory test, if tested HIV positive through HIVST. Majority of the MSM respondents indicated they would go for counselling after testing positive. Healthcare workers advocated for pre-testing counselling. There was also a significant association between respondents who had never tested using self-test kits and the need for a treatment “buddy” with a P- Value of 0.014. Fifty nine percent of the respondents would prefer blood sample test kits, the kits were seen to be more accurate than oral test kits. High cost of the self-test kits and inadequate knowledge on the use of HIV self-test kits were the main hindrances to HIVST uptake.Conclusions: A significant number of MSM community in Kenya are willing to use HIVST and are likely to seek for care within 30 days of self-testing and this is a good indicator of linkage. Blood sample kits are more preferred. Key facilitating factors for HIVST uptake include; awareness creation on the importance of HIVST and training on usage of kits, emphasis on treatment ‘buddy” for first time testers and reduction on cost of the kits.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Bacterial Isolates Associated with Intramammary Infections in Malaysian Dairy Herds
Authors: A. Bashir , Z. Zunita , F.F. Jesse , S.Z. Ramanoon , M.L. Mohd-Azmi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Intramammary Infections are costly endemic diseases in dairy cows and it highly affect both the quality and quantity of milk production in addition to the animal wellbeing. It a major cause of considerable economic losses to the dairy farmers. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of mastitis pathogens and antimicrobial resistance pattern of selected most prevalent pathogens.
Results

The overall culture prevalence was 67.6% (n = 503/744, CI = 64.1–70.9). The respective states’ culture prevalence was 66.4% (n = 71/107, CI = 56.5–75.0), 60.3% (184/305, CI = 54.6–65.8), 58% (n = 94/162, CI = 50-65.6), 100% (n = 75/75, CI = 93.9–100), and 83.3% (n = 79/95, CI = 73.8–89.8) for Pahang, Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Johor respectively. The most prevalent isolates identified were non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) 39.5%, S. aureus 13.1%, K. pneumoniae 6.5%, S. agalactiae 4.8%, and S. uberis 4.3%. Resistance profile of Actinobacter spp against chloramphenicol and streptomycin were 71.4% and 35.7% respectively. For S. uberis isolates, 66.7% and 73.3% have shown resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin respectively.
Conclusions

This study provides knowledge of the epidemiology of bacterial isolates associated with subclinical mastitis in Malaysia and their resistance profile. The high prevalence of these pathogens in milk and multidrug resistance observed should not be over looked.
A Combined Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome Revealed the Molecular Mechanism by which GA3 Disrupts Dormancy in Leymus Chinensis Seeds
Authors: Li Bing , Zhang Pan , Wang Fengdan , Li Ran , Liu Jian , Wang Qiannan , Liu Wei , Wang Bo , Hu Guofu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Leymus chinensis is a perennial forage grass that has good palatability, high yield and high feed value, but seed dormancy is a major problem limiting the widespread cultivation of L. chinensis. The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism and identify candidate genes associated with dormancy disruption by gibberellic acid (GA3) through transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis.Results: The germination test revealed that the optimum concentration of GA3 for disruption of L. chinensis seed dormancy was 200 μg/L. Compared with seeds soaked in sterile water, a total of 4,327 and 11,919 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 871 and 650 differentially abundant metabolites were identified in de-hulled and hulled seeds treated with GA3, respectively. Most of the DEGs were associated with starch and sucrose metabolism, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, endocytosis and ribosomes. Furthermore, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism were significantly enriched pathways. Integrative analysis of the transcriptomic and metabolomic data revealed that starch and sucrose metabolism is one of the most important pathways that may play a key role in the energy supply for the transition of L. chinensis seeds from a dormant state to germination by suppressing the expression of Cel61a, egID, cel1, tpsA, SPAC2E11.16c and TPP2, along with enhancing the expression of AMY1.1, AMY1.2, AMY1.6 and GLIP5, and finally inhibiting the synthesis of cellobiose, cellodextrin, and trehalose while promoting the hydrolysis of sucrose, starch, cellobiose, cellodextrin, and trehalose to glucose.Conclusions: This study identified several key genes and provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of seed dormancy release by GA3 in L. chinensis. These putative genes will be valuable resources for improving the seed germination rate in future breeding studies.
Isolation, Characterization, and Application of Bacteriophages Against Several Food Spoilages Bacteria
Authors: Sujonoputri Felicia Roseline , Waturangi Diana Elizabeth , Yogiara Yogiara 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective: This study was conducted to isolate bacteriophages from soil sample, retail food, and wastewater from fish and then the bacteriophages will be characterized for their activity against several food spoilage bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Shewanella putrefaciens and will be further investigated for application as food preservation.Results: Total of four bacteriophages were isolated with B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. putrefaciens as host bacteria. Bacteriophage titers observed around 109 PFU mL-1. Bacteriophages that isolated with B. cereus and B.subtilis as host bacteria tend to have high EOP with the same species bacteria. All the Bacillus phages (S1-BC, S2-BC, and S1-BS) can reduce the Bacillus species bacteria concentration for more than 90%. Refers to their activity, the isolated bacteriophages in this study have a great potential as biocontrol against several food spoilage bacteria.
Assessment role of phagocytic neutrophil cells among different Wagner’s grades of diabetic foot ulcers infections
Authors: Bin-Hameed Eidha Ali , Baras Maryam Hamed 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Foot ulcers complications in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are one of the significant medical problems and an economic burden. The aim of this study is to assessment role of phagocytic neutrophil cells and its relationship with the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) infection of diabetic patients. A total of 60 venipuncture blood samples collected from diabetes mellitus, diabetic foot ulcer patients and healthy persons as control group. 20 swabs from the DFU patients were collected and processed for culture and susceptibility test after the ulcers classified according to Wagner’s grades system. Phagocytic cells activity test was performed to determine the efficiency of phagocytic neutrophil cells in diabetic patients. Results: Gram positive bacteria were the most prevalent in the DFU patients 57.1% with statistical significant relationship between the type of bacteria and grades of Wagner’s classification followed by Gram negative bacteria in high grades of ulcers. Wagner’s ulcers grade 1 and 2 were the most prevalence in DFU patients 30%. There was a weak negative correlation between the efficiency of phagocytic neutrophil cells activity and grade ulcers classified (r = -0.323). Amikacin and ciprofloxacin were the most effective antibiotics against 90.5% and 81% of the bacterial isolates respectively, whereas ampicillin, cefepime and cefadroxil were less effective antibiotics against the bacterial isolates.Conclusion: When the grade of ulcer increased, the bacterial resistance to antibiotics increased, and this was emphasis the correlation with prevalent of Gram negative bacteria in the high grade of ulcers with high resistance of antibiotics. In contrast, the grade of ulcer increased, the efficiency of phagocytic neutrophil cells decreased.
An asymptomatic child of pre-perforation erosion after transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect: A case report
Authors: Zhang Wen-long , Liang Fei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundFatal pericardial tamponade caused by aortic or atrial perforation due to erosion of atrial septal occluders has been reported previously,but the timing of erosion is uncertain, and the process is also unclear. Case presentation We present a case of a 5-year-old boy with erosion of the aorta and atrium by the occluder not leading to perforation or pericardial tamponade because of early detection and timely surgery. A small amount of pericardial effusion may be the only manifestation of early erosion.This case firstly revealed the early process of device erosion in children.ConclusionsAn absent aortic rim may be a higher risk factor for erosion than oversized device for a child,and it is wise to choose a relatively small occluder or change to surgery.This may be helpful for preventing and treating serious complications caused by erosion of the occluder.
The Ries-Steinheim crater pair and two major earthquakes – New discoveries challenging the double-impact theory
Authors: Buchner Elmar , Sach Volker , Schmieder Martin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Nördlinger Ries and the Steinheim Basin are widely perceived as a Middle Miocene impact crater doublet. We discovered two independent earthquake-produced seismite horizons in North Alpine Foreland Basin deposits. The older seismite horizon,associated with the Ries impact is overlain by in situ-preserved distal impact ejecta, forming a unique continental seismite-ejecta couplet within a distance up to 180 km from the crater. The younger seismite unit, also triggered by a major palaeo-earthquake, comprises clastic dikes that cut through the Ries seismite-ejecta couplet. The clastic dikes were likely formed in response to the Steinheim impact, some kyr after the Ries impact, in line with paleontologic results. With the Ries and Steinheim impacts as two separate events, Southern Germany witnessed a double disaster in the Middle Miocene. The magnitude–distance relationship of seismite formation during large earthquakes suggests the seismic and destructive potential of impact-earthquakes may be significantly underestimated.
Metformin Use is Associated with A Lower Incidence of Hospitalization for Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Tseng Chin-Hsiao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The effect of metformin on the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) requires confirmation. This study compared the incidence of hospitalization for AF in ever and never users of metformin. Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus during 1999-2005 were enrolled from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance database. Analyses were conducted in both an unmatched cohort of 173398 ever users and 21666 never users and in a propensity score-matched cohort of 21647 pairs of ever and never users. They were free from a diagnosis of AF before January 1, 2006 and were followed up until December 31, 2011. Hazard ratios were estimated by Cox regression incorporated with the inverse probability of treatment weighting using the propensity score.Results: A total of 303 ever users and 86 never users in the unmatched cohort and 50 ever users and 86 never users in the matched cohort developed hospitalization for AF during follow-up. The respective incidence rates were 37.72 and 92.45 per 100,000 person-years in the unmatched cohort and were 50.71 and 92.52 per 100,000 person-years in the matched cohort. The hazard ratio for ever versus never users was 0.405 (95% confidence interval: 0.319-0.515) in the unmatched cohort and 0.548 (0.387-0.777) in the matched cohort. Hazard ratios for the tertiles of cumulative duration of metformin therapy versus never users showed a dose-response effect. The findings were consistent in sensitivity analyses.Conclusion: Metformin use is associated with a lower risk of hospitalization for AF in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.