bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating Robust Passive Multi-Loop Wearable Hand Devices
Authors: Robson Nina , Chen Bin Yun , Won Jong-Seob , Soh Gim Song 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper describes a process for assessing multi-loop wearable devices that use a common slider to passively drive the exo-fingers for the physical training of people with limited hand mobility. Each finger design, except for the thumb, is based on an RRR serial chain, termed backbone, constrained into a multi-loop eight-bar slider mechanism using two RR constraints. The thumb utilizes a planar RR backbone chain constrained into a parallel four bar slider. During the physical task acquisition experiments, the subject’s tip finger trajectories are captured using an optical motion capture and its dimensions are set such that they match each of the fingers kinematics as closely as possible. The dimensional synthesis procedure can yield a variety of design candidates that fulfill the desired fingertip precision grasping trajectory. Once it is ensured that the synthesized fingertip motion is close to the physiological fingertip grasping trajectories, performance assessment criteria related to user-device interference and natural joint angle movement are taken into account. After the most preferred design for each finger is chosen, minor modifications related to substituting the backbone chain with the wearer’s limb to provide the skeletal structure of the customized passive device are made. To illustrate the proposed technique, the development of a 3D prototype model of a passively actuated Closed Loop Articulated Wearable (CLAW) hand is presented. The CLAW hand performance with respect to wear-ability and robustness was assessed. Preliminary test results with healthy subjects show that the CLAW hand is easy to operate and able to guide the user’s fingers without causing any discomfort, ensuring both, precision and power grasping in a natural manner. The lack of electrical actuators and sensors simplifies the control, resulting in a lightweight and cost-effective solution for grasping of a variety of objects with different sizes. This work establishes the importance of incorporating novel design candidate assessment techniques, based on human finger kinematic models, within the conceptual design level that can assist in finding robust design candidates with naturalistic joint motion.
Analyzing Customer Needs of Product Ecosystems Using Online Product Reviews
Authors: Ayoub Jackie , Zhou Feng , Xu Qianli , Yang Jessie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It is necessary to analyze customer needs of a product ecosystem in order to increase customer satisfaction and user experience, which will, in turn, enhance its business strategy and profits. However, it is often time-consuming and challenging to identify and analyze customer needs of product ecosystems using traditional methods due to numerous products and services as well as their interdependence within the product ecosystem. In this paper, we analyzed customer needs of a product ecosystem by capitalizing on online product reviews of multiple products and services of the Amazon product ecosystem with machine learning techniques. First, we filtered the noise involved in the reviews using a fastText method to categorize the reviews into informative and uninformative regarding customer needs. Second, we extracted various customer needs related topics using a latent Dirichlet allocation technique. Third, we conducted sentiment analysis using a valence aware dictionary and sentiment reasoner method, which not only predicted the sentiment of the reviews, but also its intensity. Based on the first three steps, we classified customer needs using an analytical Kano model dynamically. The case study of Amazon product ecosystem showed the potential of the proposed method.
In-Plane Compressive Strength Analysis of Novel Folded Honeycomb Material
Authors: Ma Ruijun , Cai Jianguo , Wang Yutao , Feng Jian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Two novel folded honeycombs with miura pattern are proposed in this paper. Geometry parameters for design process are given and explained. The in-plane compressive strength of the two proposed novel folded honeycombs has been studied by means of finite element simulation using ABAQUS. Quasi-static loading in two in-plane direction is selected to obtain the deformation and plateau stress. The unique collapse modes and plateau state are obtained and discussed. Compared with the conventional honeycombs, the in-plane strength of the two folded honeycombs is improved significantly. The negative Poisson’s ratio effect and buckling-restrained mechanism are introduced to illustrate the improvement. It is summarized that plateau stress under in-plane loading is improved with the included angle of miura pattern decrease for the local buckling is restrained. The folded auxetic honeycomb has the best in-plane strength for its presented negative Poisson’s ratio in two loading cases.
Preliminary Study on the Manufacturing Feasibility of Microfeatures for Microfluidics by DLP Stereolithography
Authors: Rebaioli Lara , Fassi Irene 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Lab on Chips (LOCs) are devices mostly based on microfluidics (i.e. structures for liquid handling with cross sections of 1–500 μm and femtoliter to nanoliter volume capacity), which allow to perform one or several chemical, biochemical or biological analysis in a miniaturized format on a single chip. The emerging Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes could produce a complete LOC with microscale complex 3D shapes in a single step without the need for assembly processes. Stereolithography, especially when exploiting the Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology, is the most promising AM process for this purpose. In this study, a suitable benchmark part was designed to assess the feasibility of manufacturing microfeatures by DLP-SLA and to evaluate the performance of the employed system in terms of the minimum feature size, dimensional accuracy and spatial repeatability. A proper experimental campaign was specifically studied to point out the effect of the main process parameters (namely, layer thickness and exposure time) and the feature position within the building platform on the process performance. The results demonstrated the manufacturing feasibility of the selected microfeatures. Moreover, they showed that both the process parameters influence the minimum feasibile feature size and that the dimensional accuracy changes with the feature position.
Periodic Motions in a Discontinuous Dynamical System With Two Circular Boundaries
Authors: Guo Siyu , Luo Albert C. J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, periodic motions in a discontinuous dynamical systems are studied. The discontinuous dynamical system has three domains partitioned through two circular boundaries. On the three domains, there are three distinct dynamical systems. From the G-functions, the switchability conditions of a flow from one domain to anther domain at the boundary are developed. The flow mappings from a boundary to a bounbary are developed for each domain and boundary. From the mapping structures, periodic motions in the discontinuous dynamical system are predicted. Numerical simulations of periodic motions and motion switchability at boundaries are presented in the discontinuous dynamical system.
Pseudo-Rigid Body Dynamic Modeling of Compliant Members for Design
Authors: Vedant  , Allison James T. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Movement in compliant mechanisms is achieved, at least in part, via deformable flexible members, rather than using articulating joints. These flexible members are traditionally modeled using Finite Element Models (FEMs). In this article, an alternative strategy for modeling compliant cantilever beams is developed with the objectives of reducing computational expense, and providing accuracy with respect to design optimization solutions. The method involves approximating the response of a flexible beam with an n-link/m-joint Pseudo-Rigid Body Dynamic Model (PRBDM). Traditionally, PRBDM models have shown an approximation of compliant elements using 2 or 3 revolute joints (2R/3R-PRBDM). In this study, a more general nR-PRBDM model is developed. The first n resonant frequencies of the PRBDM are matched to exact or FEM solutions to approximate the response of the compliant system. These models can be used for co-design studies of flexible structural members, and are capable of modeling higher deflection of compliant elements.
Enhancing the Performance of an FSAE Car
Authors: Schiavinotto Giovanni , Meneghetti Giovanni , Veneri Matteo , Massaro Matteo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper addresses the modelling, validation, and analysis of an FSAE car. The aim is to devise a method for enhancing its dynamic performance. The validation of the model is carried out in acceleration, skidpad and slalom tests, against the experimental data recorded within the 2018 FSAE competition in Varano de’ Melegari (Italy). It is shown that the skidpad and slalom performance can be significantly enhanced by varying the trim of the car, namely toe, camber, steering geometry and anti-roll bars. Implications on steering characteristics are also discussed, for investigating the effects on handling.
Towards a Broad Use of Gamification Based on Hand Tracking in Post Stroke Patients
Authors: Regazzoni Daniele , Vitali Andrea , Rizzi Caterina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the last years, the advent of innovative technologies for tracking human motions is increasing the interest of physicians and physiotherapist, who would like to introduce new instruments for a more objective assessment of the rehabilitation processes. At present, many motion tracking systems have been developed and their ease of use and low-cost may represent the key aspects for which these systems could be really adopted both in rehabilitation centers and in rehabilitation programs at home. Several research studies confirmed the importance of continuing rehabilitation programs at home with the aim to maintain patients’ health condition at a suitable level for daily life activities. Physicians and physiotherapists need methods and tools, which can be simply adaptable for each type of patients’ category and type of rehabilitation according to the assessed pathology. For achieving this need, the technology has to be suitable for both the patient side and medical personnel side. The most suitable technology for the patients are motion tracking devices which can be used through traditional IT, such as laptops, smartphones and tablets. Also for medical personnel the ease of use is very important, physicians would like to check the patient’s rehab exercises according to their medical knowledge by exploiting daily life technology. This research work investigates on which are the best user-friendly programming tools and low-cost technology for 3D hand and finger tracking for the development of a serious game for rehabilitation exercises. The tasks are designed according to physiotherapists’ recommendations, in order to be customizable for any single user. The following sections will describe the method, the tools adopted, and the application developed.
Integrating Dry Adhesives and Compliant Suspension for Track-Type Climbing Robots
Authors: Powelson Matthew W. , Demirjian Wesley A. , Canfield Stephen L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Climbing robots using dry adhesives in the literature typically exhibit minimal payload and are considered useful for tasks involving light-weight sensors, such as surveillance or exploration. Existing designs demonstrate small payloads primarily because they either employ minimal adhesion area or fail to distribute the adhesion forces over the adhering region of these robots. Further, existing design methods do not demonstrate scalability of payload-to-vehicle size and, in fact, indicate that such robots are not scalable. However, dry adhesives routinely demonstrate adhering pressures in the range of 20–50 kPa which suggests that a 30 × 30 cm robot could have a payload on the order of 20–50 kg.
This paper presents a step-by-step approach for designing track-type dry adhesive climbing robots to achieve high payloads. The aforementioned design steps are then experimentally validated, showing that high payloads should theoretically be possible when using dry adhesives to climb. By integrating a general adhesion model with a suspension system, this design procedure can be used to design climbing robots that distribute the payload over a large adhesive area. The models behind the design procedure (developed previously [1] but summarized here) simultaneously consider the behavior of both the adhesive material at the track-surface interface and the distribution of the adhesive forces over the full contact surface. When each of these criteria are satisfied, track-type climbing robots can be designed to carry high payloads, thus enabling applications previously thought to be impossible.
Development of Three-Dimensional MEMS Biochemical Sensors for Low Concentration Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Mazrouei Roya , Kier Bryan , Shavezipur Mohammad 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Three-dimensional biochemical sensors are developed that can be used for chemical and biological detection in aqueous solutions and suspensions. The sensors are fabricated using a standard polycrystalline silicon process, PolyMUMPs, and can detect chemicals and biomarkers in low concentrations in near real time. The sensors made of a stack of electrodes allowing the solution to occupy the space between the layers of electrodes and have a larger interface with the electrodes. The sensors use electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for detection and therefore increasing the solution-electrode interface improves the sensitivity of the sensor. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed sensor design, experimental measurements are used to characterize and compare the 3D sensors with conventional 2D interdigitated sensors. Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) solution is used as the target chemical, and the 2D and 3D biochemical sensors are exposed to different concentrations of DEHP solution. An LCR meter is used to sweep the frequency and determine the impedance of the sensor-solution combination. The test results show that the three-dimensional sensors have higher sensitivity than 2D interdigitated ones verifying the advantage of the new sensor design over existing conventional sensors. The proposed sensors can also be used for detection of biological markers such as cells, proteins and enzymes in aqueous solutions.
Comparison of Surface Tension Models in Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics Method
Authors: Yang Lijing , Rakhsha Milad , Negrut Dan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We compare two surface tension models to solve two-phase fluid interaction problems in the context of the mesh-free Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The Continuum Surface Force (CSF) model (later extended to Continuum Surface Stress, CSS), originally derived from grid-based numerical methods, requires an accurate estimation of the interface curvature to express the surface tension. Unlike CSF, the Inter-Particle Force (IPF) model is more robust in this regard as it draws on a molecular dynamics foundation by considering how the pairwise interaction forces between particles within a cutoff distance act in relation to producing the surface tension. Herein, we rely on second-order consistent gradient and Laplacian operators to improve the accuracy of SPH formulations as well as on a particle shifting technique to “disorder” particles from non-differentiable interface geometries. A 3D liquid droplet deformation test is used to compare CSF and IPF in terms of their pressure field and kinetic energy dissipation accuracy.
A Cable-Driven Parallel Robot With an Embedded Tilt-Roll Wrist
Authors: Lessanibahri Saman , Cardou Philippe , Caro Stéphane 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper addresses the optimum design, configuration and workspace analysis of a Cable-Driven Parallel Robot with an embedded tilt-roll wrist. The manipulator is a hybrid robot consisting in an under-constrained moving-platform accommodating a tilt-roll wrist. The embedded wrist provides large amplitudes of tilt and roll rotations and a large translational workspace obtained by the moving-platform. This manipulator is suitable for tasks requiring large rotation and translation workspaces like tomography scanning, camera-orienting devices and visual surveillance. The moving-platform is an eight-degree-of-freedom articulated mechanism with large translational and rotational workspaces and it is suspended from a fixed frame by six cables. The manipulator employs two bi-actuated cables, i.e., cable loops to transmit the power from motors fixed on the ground to the tilt-roll wrist. Therefore, the manipulator achieves better dynamic performances due to a lower inertia of its moving-platform.
A Sensitive Resonant Gas Sensor Based on Multimode Excitation of a Buckled Beam
Authors: Hajjaj Amal Z. , Jaber Nizar , Alcheikh Nouha , Younis Mohammad I. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The quest for ultra-sensitive low-cost miniaturized gas sensors in the past few decades has sparked interest to seek alternative approaches other than the conventional gas sensors that need large surface areas and special chemicals for functionalization. MEMS thermal conductivity based gas sensors [1, 2] have been shown to be among the promising candidates since they do not rely on gas absorption or chemical reactions. These sensors show long lifetime and great stability compared to conventional gas sensor. The thermal conductivity based gas sensors rely on the resistance variation of the heated structures due to gas exposure [1]. Typical values of resistance changes are less than few percent. Here, we present a thermal conductivity based gas sensor relying on frequency shifts of an electrothermally heated bridge operated near the buckling point, which leads to ultra-high sensitivity.
Teleoperated Vehicle-Perspective Predictive Display Accounting for Network Time Delays
Authors: Prakash Jai , Vignati Michele , Arrigoni Stefano , Bersani Mattia , Mentasti Simone 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Variable network time-delays in data-transmission is the major problem in tele-operating a vehicle. Even on LTE network, variability of these delays is high (70–150 ms ping).
This paper presents an innovative approach of providing the remote operator a forecasted video stream which replicates future perspective of vehicle’s FOV upon reception of maneuvering commands. First, vehicle position is predicted accounting for its speed and data transmission delays. Then perspective image transformation2 is performed to get exact new perspective of vehicle FOV corresponds to the predicted position. This approach addresses both issues, time-delays as well as its variability. Only one display, which shows frontward FOV is availed for mock-up.
Effect of Rubber Material Properties on Steady-State Flat Belt Response
Authors: Wasfy Tamer M. , Wasfy Hatem M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Belt-drives are used to transmit power between rotational machine elements in many mechanical systems such as industrial machines, home appliances, and internal combustion engines. The belt cross-section typically consists of axially stiff tension cords (made of steel or polyester strands) embedded in a rubber matrix. The rubber matrix provides the friction interface between the belt and the pulleys through which mechanical torque is transmitted. In this paper, the effect of the rubber’s Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio on the steady-state belt normal, tangential and axial stresses, average belt slip, and belt-drive energy efficiency is studied using a high-fidelity flexible multibody dynamics model of a flat belt-drive. The belt’s rubber matrix is modeled using three-dimensional brick elements and the belt’s cords are modeled using one dimensional truss elements. Friction between the belt and the pulleys is modeled using an asperity-based Coulomb friction model. The pulleys are modeled as rigid bodies with a cylindrical contact surface. The equations of motion are integrated using a time-accurate explicit solution procedure.
An Automated Approach to Recording and Analyzing Design Activities Using a Graphical User Interface
Authors: Adly Taha Fares M. , Adly Taha Ramez M. , West Keegan , Fazelpour Mohammad , Herrmann Jeffrey W. , Polvinale Matthew Anthony 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Design researchers use protocol studies to understand the cognition of designers and how they think. Although different qualitative and quantitative methods have been employed, analyzing protocol data often requires manual coding, which is tedious, time-consuming, and susceptible to human error. To address these challenges, this paper presents an automated method to record and analyze the designer’s actions. To demonstrate the proposed method, we designed and conducted an experimental study that used a graphical user interface to record design actions while the designer solves a factory layout problem. Then, we used spectral clustering to analyze the data and identify the subproblems that the designer considered. The final design layouts were evaluated using two metrics: travel distance and adjacency score. Our automated method to record and analyze designers’ actions provides a framework to analyze protocol study data sets objectively and quickly.
Graduate Students’ Mental Models: An Investigation Into the Role of Function in Systems Understanding
Authors: Murphy Alexander R. , Banks Henry D. , Nagel Robert L. , Linsey Julie S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Elicited student mental models reveal students’ understanding of a given system as well as their ability to communicate knowledge of that system to others. Understanding how students form and developmental models of systems is critical to the progress of engineering education. In this work, graduate students’ mental models of common household products are measured before and after instruction on functional modeling and functional decomposition. These mental models are measured using previously published, but still developing mental model instruments. The included systems are a hair dryer, clothes dryer, and vacuum cleaner with accompanying scoring rubrics. Results show statistically significant improvements on average mental model rubric scores on all three given systems after the functional modeling intervention. These results suggest that curriculum content on functional modeling and decomposition likely improves students’ mental models of engineering systems and their ability to communicate their knowledge about those systems. As we improve our understanding of how students form, change, and communicate their mental models of engineering systems, educators can shape curriculum to facilitate the skills necessary for comprehensive systems understanding.