bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 2H‐1T′ WS2‐ReS2 Heterophase Structures with Atomically Sharp Interface via Hydrogen‐Triggered One‐Pot Growth
Authors: Liu Dongyan , Hong Jinhua , Li Xiaobo , Zhou Xing , Jin Bao , Cui Qiannan , Chen Jinping , Feng Qingliang , Xu Chunxiang , Zhai Tianyou , Suenaga Kazu , Xu Hua 
Published: February 2020

Abstract2D transition metal chalcogenides (TMDs) with different compositions, phase structures, and properties offer giant opportunities for building novel 2D lateral heterostructures. However, the studies to date have been largely limited to homophase TMD heterostructures, while the construction of heterophase TMD heterostructures remains a challenge. Herein, the synthesis of 2H‐1T′ WS2‐ReS2 heterophase junctions with high‐quality interface structure via a hydrogen‐triggered one‐pot growth approach is reported. Sequential introduction of hydrogen during growth system, which acts as a “switch” to selectively turn off the growth of ReS2 while turning on the growth of WS2, allows WS2 to seamlessly grow around ReS2 to form the WS2‐ReS2 heterojunction. Moreover, WS2 prefers to nucleate at the vertices of ReS2 grain with fixed lattice orientation, which makes the surrounding WS2 grains merge into single crystal. Scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals high crystal quality of the heterojunction with an atomically sharp 2H‐1T′ heterophase interface. Transient absorption spectroscopy indicates that the photocarriers can effectively separate at the heterophase interface. Based on the high quality heterophase junction, prominent rectification characteristics and polarization‐dependent photodiode properties are achieved. This study provides a robust way for the controlled synthesis of 2D heterophase structures, which is essential for their fundamental studies and device applications.
Highly Efficient and Stable GABr‐Modified Ideal‐Bandgap (1.35 eV) Sn/Pb Perovskite Solar Cells Achieve 20.63% Efficiency with a Record Small Voc Deficit of 0.33 V
Authors: Zhou Xianyong , Zhang Luozheng , Wang Xingzhu , Liu Chang , Chen Shi , Zhang Meiqing , Li Xiangnan , Yi Wendi , Xu Baomin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract1.5–1.6 eV bandgap Pb‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with 30–31% theoretical efficiency limit by the Shockley–Queisser model achieve 21–24% power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). However, the best PCEs of reported ideal‐bandgap (1.3–1.4 eV) Sn–Pb PSCs with a higher 33% theoretical efficiency limit are <18%, mainly because of their large open‐circuit voltage (Voc) deficits (>0.4 V). Herein, it is found that the addition of guanidinium bromide (GABr) can significantly improve the structural and photoelectric characteristics of ideal‐bandgap (≈1.34 eV) Sn–Pb perovskite films. GABr introduced in the perovskite films can efficiently reduce the high defect density caused by Sn2+ oxidation in the perovskite, which is favorable for facilitating hole transport, decreasing charge‐carrier recombination, and reducing the Voc deficit. Therefore, the best PCE of 20.63% with a certificated efficiency of 19.8% is achieved in 1.35 eV PSCs, along with a record small Voc deficit of 0.33 V, which is the highest PCE among all values reported to date for ideal‐bandgap Sn–Pb PSCs. Moreover, the GABr‐modified PSCs exhibit significantly improved environmental and thermal stability. This work represents a noteworthy step toward the fabrication of efficient and stable ideal‐bandgap PSCs.
Paper Robotics: Self‐Folding, Gripping, and Locomotion
Authors: Ryu Jihyun , Mohammadifar Maedeh , Tahernia Mehdi , Chun Ha‐ill , Gao Yang , Choi Seokheun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSoft robotics driven by origami can fundamentally advance robotic functionalities by significantly improving continuum, compliance, and configurability. Here, a new field is proposed, “paper robotics,” which is based on moisture‐responsive self‐folding of paper substrates into functional 3D machines using origami‐inspired techniques. By properly designing a hydrophobic wax layer and a hygro‐expandable hydrophilic layer, printed bilayer paper will fold automatically into desired shapes through anisotropic swelling that occurs when water is sprayed on the structure. The bilayer actuators can be readily fabricated on paper by the asymmetrical penetration of wax that is printed on both sides of the paper. The patterned paper automatically folds when water is added and unfolds as the water evaporates. The structure can perform various mechanical functions, including gripping and biomimetic locomotion. One of the practical applications, a kirigami paper robotic finger as an electrical switch, is also demonstrated. The functional mechanism based on the swelling and shrinking properties of paper is modeled and critical parameters for the design of the bilayer actuation are thoroughly characterized. This work will be a starting point for paper robotics and open new avenues to merge soft robotics and origami techniques.
Highly Sensitive, Selective, Stable, and Flexible NO2 Sensor Based on GaSe
Authors: Zhao Yan‐Feng , Fuh Huei‐Ru , Coileáin Cormac Ó , Cullen Conor P. , Stimpel‐Lindner Tanja , Duesberg Georg S. , Leonardo Camargo Moreira Óscar , Zhang Duan , Cho Jiung , Choi Miri , Chun Byong Sun , Chang Ching‐Ray , Wu Han‐Chun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAir pollution is a global problem, which poses serious environmental concerns and health risks. In light of this, a key aspect of the challenge of managing air pollution is effective monitoring, which requires reliable high‐sensitivity sensors with strong selectivity and long‐term stability. Layered materials represent an emergent class of materials with extraordinary electronic properties and physicochemical properties, and, therefore, are a highly attractive prospect for this field. Here, such a sensor for NO2 based on GaSe is presented. An ultrahigh sensitivity of 0.5 part per billion (p.p.b.) is achieved at room temperature, and the NO2 selectivity ratios with respect to other likely interfering environmental gases are larger than 100. Moreover, no great degradation is observed after 10 days of air exposure. As a practical demonstration, the GaSe‐based sensors are also used to detect vehicle exhaust emission, and wearable GaSe‐based NO2 sensors are presented and tested. Based on the results obtained in this work, it is believed that GaSe‐based sensors can be used for the detection of NO2 in real‐world applications.
Supramolecular Prodrug Nanovectors for Active Tumor Targeting and Combination Immunotherapy of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Hu Xianli , Hou Bo , Xu Zhiai , Saeed Madiha , Sun Fang , Gao Zhenmei , Lai Yi , Zhu Tong , Zhang Fan , Zhang Wen , Yu Haijun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImmunotherapy aiming to harness the exquisite power of the immune system has emerged as a crucial part of clinical cancer management. However, only a subset of cancer patients responds to current immunotherapy because of low immunogenicity of the tumor cells and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, host–guest prodrug nanovectors are reported for active tumor targeting and combating immune tolerance in tumors. The prodrug nanovectors are designed by integrating hyaluronic acid (HA) and reduction‐labile heterodimer of Pheophorbide A (PPa) and NLG919 into the supramolecular nanocomplexes, where PPa and NLG919 act as a photosensitizer and potent inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO‐1), respectively. Meanwhile, HA is employed to achieve active tumor targeting by recognizing CD44 overexpressed on the surface of tumor cell membranes. Near infrared (NIR) laser irradiation triggers the release of reactive oxygen species to provoke antitumor immunogenicity and intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Meanwhile, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM) is reversed by NLG919‐mediated IDO‐1 inhibition. Combination of photodynamic immunotherapy and IDO‐1 blockade efficiently eradicates CT26 colorectal tumors in the immunocompetent mice. The host–guest nanoplatform capable of eliciting effective antitumor immunity by inactivating inhibitory immune response can be applied to other immune modulators for improved cancer immunotherapy.
Green and animal manure use in organic field crop systems
Authors: Carr Patrick M. , Cavigelli Michel A. , Darby Heather , Delate Kathleen , Eberly Jed O. , Fryer Heather K. , Gramig Greta G. , Heckman Joseph R. , Mallory Ellen B. , Reeve Jennifer R. , Silva Erin M. , Suchoff David H. , Woodley Alex L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDual‐use cover/green manure (CGM) crops and animal manure are used to supply nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to organically grown field crops. A comprehensive review of previous research was conducted to identify how CGM crops and animal manure have been used to meet N and P needs of organic field crops, and to identify knowledge gaps to direct future research efforts. Results indicate that: (a) CGM crops are used to provide N to subsequent cash crops in rotations; (b) CGM‐supplied N generally can meet field crop needs in warm, humid regions but is insufficient for organic grain crops grown in cool and sub‐humid regions; (c) adoption of conservation tillage practices can create or exacerbate N deficiencies; (d) excess N and P can result where animal manures are accessible if application rates are not carefully managed; and (e) integrating animal grazing into organic field crop systems has potential benefits but is generally not practiced. Work is needed to better understand the mechanisms governing the release of N by CGM crops to subsequent cash crops, and the legacy effects of animal manure applications in cool and sub‐humid regions. The benefits and synergies that can occur by combining targeted animal grazing and CGMs on soil N, P, and other nutrients should be investigated. Improved communication and networking among researchers can aid efforts to solve soil fertility challenges faced by organic farmers when growing field crops in North America and elsewhere.
Yield and potassium uptake of rice as affected by potassium rate in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Ye Tinghong , Xue Xinxin , Lu Jianwei , Hou Wenfeng , Ren Tao , Cong Rihuan , Li Xiaokun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPotassium is an essential macroelement for rice (Oryza sativa L.), but K deficiency in paddy ecosystems has increased widely and limited sustainable rice production in China. Two‐year field trials were conducted with five K levels (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg K2O ha–1, designated as K0, K60, K120, K180, and K240) in Qichun county, Hubei Province, to investigate grain yield, K uptake characteristics, and K use efficiencies of rice. The results showed that application of K increased rice yield by 9.8–29.3%, compared to K0. No significant differences were observed in rice yield among the K120, K180, and K240 treatments. The K uptake in aboveground biomass increased linearly with the K rate, while K harvest index decreased. As K uptake increased, rice yield increased linearly at first and then stabilized, showing the phenomenon of luxury consumption of K. The growth period for fast K uptake in different rice varieties and K levels was 29–67 d after transplanting, and sufficient nutrient supply is needed to ensure the increase of rice yield and growth during this period. Internal use efficiency (IUE), agronomic efficiency (AE), and physiological efficiency (PE) declined as the application rate of K increased. These results indicated that absorption and utilization of K in rice were affected by the K supply rates, and that luxury consumption occurred when K application was excessive. The luxury consumption of K by rice was mainly stored in straw.
Three‐dimensional facial morphology in Cantú syndrome
Authors: Roessler Helen I. , Shields Kathleen , Grange Dorothy K. , Knoers Nine V.A.M. , van Haaften Gijs , Hammond Peter , van Haelst Mieke M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCantú syndrome (CS) was first described in 1982, and is caused by pathogenic variants in ABCC9 and KCNJ8 encoding regulatory and pore forming subunits of ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, respectively. It is characterized by congenital hypertrichosis, osteochondrodysplasia, extensive cardiovascular abnormalities and distinctive facial anomalies including a broad nasal bridge, long philtrum, epicanthal folds, and prominent lips. Many genetic syndromes, such as CS, involve facial anomalies that serve as a significant clue in the initial identification of the respective disorder before clinical or molecular diagnosis are undertaken. However, an overwhelming number of CS patients receive misdiagnoses based on an evaluation of coarse facial features. By analyzing three‐dimensional images of CS faces, we quantified facial dysmorphology in a cohort of both male and female CS patients with confirmed ABCC9 variants. Morphometric analysis of different regions of the face revealed gender‐specific significant differences in face shape. Moreover, we show that 3D facial photographs can distinguish between CS and other genetic disorders with specific facial dysmorphologies that have been mistaken for CS‐associated anomalies in the past, hence assisting in an earlier clinical and molecular diagnosis. This optimizes genetic counseling and reduces stress for patients and parents by avoiding unnecessary misdiagnosis.
Synthesis and Photophysical Studies of Novel V‐Shaped 2,3‐Bis{5‐aryl‐2‐thienyl}(dibenzo[f,h])quinoxalines
Authors: Moshkina Tatyana N. , Nosova Emiliya V. , Kopotilova Alexandra E. , Lipunova Galina N. , Valova Marina S. , Sadieva Leila K. , Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Zaleśny Robert , Ośmiałowski Borys , Charushin Valery N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA series of novel V‐shaped luminophores containing electron‐withdrawing dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline core and arylthienyl donor fragments at positions 2 and 3 has been synthesized. The absorption spectra (UV/vis) were recorded in several solvents, whereas emission spectra were recorded in solutions and powders. The solvatochromism as well as halochromism of obtained compounds was also explored. Electronic‐structure calculations using quantum‐chemistry methods were performed to further analyse experimental results. All characteristics were compared with that of 2,3‐bis(arylthienyl)quinoxaline counterparts. The halochromic effect studies showed that upon gradual addition of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) to the toluene solution of diethylaminophenyl‐substituted dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline chromophore, absorption and emission changed. Observed band shifts were more distinct in the case of mentioned quinoxaline than for other derivatives. All of the (dibenzo[f,h])quinoxaline chromophores exhibited good sensitivity toward nitro‐containing explosives with high Stern‐Volmer constants up to 57800 M−1, these results are remarkable for such heterocyclic systems.
Counter‐Intuitive Gas‐Phase Reactivities of [V2]+ and [V2O]+ towards CO2 Reduction: Insight from Electronic Structure Calculations
Authors: Li Jilai , Geng Caiyun , Weiske Thomas , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: February 2020

Abstract[V2O]+ remains “invisible” in the thermal gas‐phase reaction of bare [V2]+ with CO2 giving rise to [V2O2]+; this is because the [V2O]+ intermediate is being consumed more than 230 times faster than it is generated. However, the fleeting existence of [V2O]+ and its involvement in the [V2]+ → [V2O2]+ chemistry are demonstrated by a cross‐over labeling experiment with a 1:1 mixture of C16O2/C18O2, generating the product ions [V216O2]+, [V216O18O]+, and [V218O2]+ in a 1:2:1 ratio. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations help to understand the remarkable and unexpected reactivity differences of [V2]+ versus [V2O]+ towards CO2.
Macroscale modelling of pressure drop for a moulded cylindrical filter within a vacuum pump to predict aerosol loading
Authors: Basha Nausheen , Cochrane Lloyd , Hamad Faik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics is used as a tool to predict the oil aerosol loading on filters moulded through ARTm® and are used in an oil‐injected vacuum pump. These filters are essential for reducing exhaust emissions, which, when suspended can cause great harm to the environment, climate, equipment life, and public health. However, flow characteristics in a coalescing filter are quite complex to solve using limited computational power. Therefore, an economically viable model is developed in ANSYS FLUENT with a customised algorithm to determine pressure drop and loading profile across a filter. Oil droplets entering the filter are treated as Rosin–Rammler distribution and are solved through Euler–Lagrangian approach. The developed algorithm is capable of predicting pressure drop with a lower discrepancy of 15% when compared with experimental data for two different flow rates. This model is then used to understand effect of flow characteristics on aerosol loading with resulting velocity ratio of 0.2 that will lead to even aerosol loading on filter media. © 2020 Curtin University and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of sugarcane bagasse cellulose‐capped silver nanoparticle using ultrasonic irradiation for the adsorption of heavy metal
Authors: Yong Bin Chin , Abdul Raman Abdul Aziz , Buthiyappan Archina , Zainal Abidin Mohd Izzudin Izzat 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetal nanoparticles are often used as an alternative to conventional adsorbents for water purification. They have higher adsorptive capabilities and affinity towards pollutants while being required in lower amounts than conventional adsorbents. Nano‐adsorbents have shown superior adsorption efficiencies towards trace heavy metals in water, which are a significant pollutant in industrial wastewaters. It is desirable to synthesize the nano‐adsorbents in a rapid, controlled, eco‐friendly, and low‐cost manner, using agro‐industrial residues and size‐controllable irradiation methods. In this work, silver nanoparticles were synthesized through ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of cellulose derived from sugarcane bagasse. The cellulose functioned as the capping agent to promote the synthesis of uniform, monodisperse silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The result indicates that the newly developed cellulose‐based adsorbent can be used as a potential heavy metal adsorbent. The adsorptive capability of the nano‐adsorbent solution towards trace amounts of lead was then tested using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. It can be concluded that the newly developed biomass‐based silver nanoparticle has significant potential as a versatile heavy metal adsorbent for effective remediation.
Skeletal chemical kinetic mechanism generation for methanol combustion and systematic analysis on the ignition characteristics
Authors: Liang Jinhu , Jia Wenlin , Sun Yanjin , Wang Quan‐De 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA skeletal chemical kinetic mechanism for methanol combustion is developed based on a comprehensive detailed mechanism (AramcoMech 3.0), which consists of 581 species and 3,037 reactions. The systematic skeletal mechanism reduction methods are applied to the detailed mechanism to obtain a minimal skeletal mechanism. Systematic mechanism analysis including global reaction path and sensitivity analysis are performed to identify key reactions relevant to methanol oxidation. Species relevant to the combustion chemistry of methanol are analyzed through global reaction path and compared with other reduced mechanisms, which highlights the importance of maintaining realistic chemistry in skeletal mechanism. Brute‐force sensitivity analysis and chemical explosive mode analysis are employed to analyze the ignition properties of methanol. The performance of the skeletal mechanism is validated against a wide range of pressures, temperatures, and equivalence ratios for ignition, species concentrations, and laminar flame speeds. This work not only presents a minimal skeletal mechanism for methanol combustion based on systematic mechanism reduction methods from very large detailed mechanisms but also provides insight into the chemical kinetics of methanol combustion.
Older adultsʼ credibility assessment of online health information: An exploratory study using an extended typology of web credibility
Authors: Choi Wonchan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCredibility assessment is a crucial component in the process of peopleʼs health information seeking, especially in the web context. Finding “credible” health information from a plethora of information on the web may be more challenging for older adults, who have relatively less experience with the Internet. This article reports on the findings of an exploratory study of older adultsʼ credibility assessments of online health information. The data collected through semistructured interviews with 21 older adult Internet users in the United States were analyzed based on the extended typology of web credibility (Choi & Stvilia, 2015,Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 66, 2399–2414). The findings of the study revealed that older adults paid closer attention to operator‐related credibility cues and heuristics when judging the credibility of health information on the web, followed by content‐ and design‐related ones. Also, the findings suggest that participants who were younger and used the Internet more frequently employed a wider variety of cues and heuristics to evaluate the credibility of online health information. Based on these findings, both theoretical and practical implications of the research and future research directions are discussed.
Spectral energy distribution modeling of broadband emission in the pulsar wind nebula 3C 58
Authors: Kim Seungjong , An Hongjun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe investigate the broadband emission properties of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) 3C 58 using a spectral energy distribution (SED) model. We attempt to match simultaneously the broadband SED and spatial variations of X‐ray emission in the PWN. We further use the model to explain a possible far‐IR feature of which a hint was recently suggested in 3C 58: a small bump at ∼1011 GHz in the PLANCK and Herschel bands. While external dust emission may easily explain the observed bump, it may be the internal emission of the source, implying an additional population of particles. Although significance for the bump is not high, here we explore possible origins of the IR bump using the emission model, and find that a population of electrons with GeV energies can explain it. If it is produced in the PWN, it may provide new insights into particle acceleration and flows in
PWNe.