bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
mHealth app using machine learning to increase physical activity in diabetes and depression: clinical trial protocol for the DIAMANTE Study
Authors: Aguilera Adrian , Figueroa Caroline A , Hernandez-Ramos Rosa , Sarkar Urmimala , Cemballi Anupama , Gomez-Pathak Laura , Miramontes Jose , Yom-Tov Elad , Chakraborty Bibhas , Yan Xiaoxi , Xu Jing , Modiri Arghavan , Aggarwal Jai , Jay Williams Joseph , Lyles Courtney R 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionDepression and diabetes are highly disabling diseases with a high prevalence and high rate of comorbidity, particularly in low-income ethnic minority patients. Though comorbidity increases the risk of adverse outcomes and mortality, most clinical interventions target these diseases separately. Increasing physical activity might be effective to simultaneously lower depressive symptoms and improve glycaemic control. Self-management apps are a cost-effective, scalable and easy access treatment to increase physical activity. However, cutting-edge technological applications often do not reach vulnerable populations and are not tailored to an individual’s behaviour and characteristics. Tailoring of interventions using machine learning methods likely increases the effectiveness of the intervention.Methods and analysisIn a three-arm randomised controlled trial, we will examine the effect of a text-messaging smartphone application to encourage physical activity in low-income ethnic minority patients with comorbid diabetes and depression. The adaptive intervention group receives messages chosen from different messaging banks by a reinforcement learning algorithm. The uniform random intervention group receives the same messages, but chosen from the messaging banks with equal probabilities. The control group receives a weekly mood message. We aim to recruit 276 adults from primary care clinics aged 18–75 years who have been diagnosed with current diabetes and show elevated depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale-8 (PHQ-8) >5). We will compare passively collected daily step counts, self-report PHQ-8 and most recent haemoglobin A1c from medical records at baseline and at intervention completion at 6-month follow-up.Ethics and disseminationThe Institutional Review Board at the University of California San Francisco approved this study (IRB: 17-22608). We plan to submit manuscripts describing our user-designed methods and testing of the adaptive learning algorithm and will submit the results of the trial for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at (inter)-national scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT03490253; pre-results.
Effect of subsidies on healthful consumption: a protocol for a systematic review update
Authors: Pearson Fiona , Huangfu Peijue , Abu-Hijleh Farah M , Awad Susanne F , Abu-Raddad Laith J , Critchley Julia A 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionThe prevalence of diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rapidly increasing in most parts of the world. In order to ameliorate the related public health burden, evidence-informed policies to improve diet need to be implemented. Financial subsidies that promote healthful consumption patterns have the potential to reduce NCD risk and may also reduce inequality if targeted at those of low socio-economic position. This protocol is for an updated systematic review of such evidence.Methods and analysisA systematic search strategy will be used to identify publications on fiscal intervention studies indexed in Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, EconLit and PubMed in between January 2013 to February 2019. Two reviewers will independently sift identified citations using prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria to inform full-text review. The outcomes of interest are: consumption patterns (% change in targeted items and in overall dietary patterns), purchasing patterns (% change) or body mass index. Pretested data capture forms will be used for double data extraction. Any inconsistencies in citation sifting or data extraction will be resolved by a third investigator and study authors will be contacted if needed. Systematic searches will be supplemented by reference checking of key articles. Study quality will be assessed and a narrative summary of findings will be produced. Meta-analyses and exploration of heterogeneity will be completed if appropriate.Ethics and disseminationThe review aims to strengthen findings of the primary studies it incorporates. It will synthesise existing published aggregated patient data and only present further aggregate data. Given this, no concerns are held relating to confidentiality and informed consent due to re-use of patient data.If publications or data with ethical concerns are identified, they will be excluded from the review.Results of the systematic review will be published in full and authors will engage directly with research audiences and key stakeholders to share findings.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019125013
Fertility among women living with HIV in western Ethiopia and its implications for prevention of vertical transmission: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Feyissa Tesfaye Regassa , Harris Melissa L. , Forder Peta M. , Loxton Deborah 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine fertility (live births) in the last 3 years and its associated factors among women living with HIV (WLHIV) in western Ethiopia .DesignParticipants were recruited into a cross-sectional survey using systematic sampling.SettingsFour healthcare facilities in western Ethiopia were included.ParticipantsEligible participants were WLHIV of reproductive age (15–49 years) from western Ethiopia who found out about their HIV-positive status more than 3 years ago (N=866).Primary outcome measuresThe fertility (live births) of HIV-positive women in the last 3 years was surveyed using face-to-face interviews (March–June 2018). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine factors influencing fertility in the last 3 years.ResultsA total of 108 (12.5%) HIV-positive women gave birth to 121 live children in the last 3 years. Of these births, 18.2% were reported as mistimed at conception, while 26.4% were reported as unwanted. Of the live births, 8.3% ended in death. Of the 76 (62.8%) children with known HIV status born to HIV-positive women in the last 3 years, 7.9% were HIV-positive. In terms of predictors of fertility, women aged 15–24 years (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.72; 95% CI 1.14 to 6.49) and 25–34 years (AOR 4.34; 95% CI 2.61 to 7.21) had increased odds of fertility compared with women aged 35–49 years. Women using antiretroviral therapy (ART) for less than 5 years were more likely to have given birth in the last 3 years compared with those using ART for 10 years or more (AOR 2.96; 95% CI 1.19 to 7.36), even after controlling for age.ConclusionsWLHIV in Ethiopia are having children and so it is imperative that safe conception strategies are readily available as well as support to reduce HIV-related risks for children born to these mothers. Strengthening reproductive health services for HIV-positive women in order to achieve their family planning goals is therefore important.
Impact of a mass media campaign on breast cancer symptoms awareness and screening uptake in Malaysia: findings from a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Schliemann Désirée , Htay Mila Nu Nu , Dahlui Maznah , Paramasivam Darishiani , Cardwell Christopher R , Ibrahim Tamin Nor Saleha Binti , Somasundaram Saunthari , Donnelly Conan , Su Tin Tin , Donnelly Michael 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of a mass media campaign in terms of improving breast cancer (BC) symptoms awareness and screening uptake.DesignBefore—and after—study with comparator groups.SettingSelangor State, Malaysia.ParticipantsMalaysian women aged >40 years (n=676) from randomly selected households.InterventionA culturally adapted mass media campaign (TV, radio, print media and social media).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary endpoint was BC symptoms awareness, which was assessed with the Breast Cancer Awareness Measure precampaign and postcampaign. Secondary outcomes included campaign reach, self-efficacy to notice BC symptoms and clinical outcomes. Clinical breast examination and mammogram screening data were collected from hospitals and clinics.ResultsMost participants recognised at least one of the campaign materials (65.2%). The odds of seeing the campaign were lowest for Chinese women (adjusted OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.40) compared with Malays and for women aged >70 years (adjusted OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.94) compared with younger women. Participants who recognised the campaign were significantly more likely to have improved awareness postcampaign compared with non-recognisers particularly for key symptoms such as ‘a lump or thickening in your breast’ (88.9% vs 62.1%) and ‘discharge or bleeding from nipple’ (79.7% vs 55.3%). Improvement in symptoms awareness scores was not associated with sociodemographic variables.ConclusionsImplementation in Malaysia of an evidence-based mass media campaign from the UK that was culturally adapted appeared to lead to improved awareness about some BC symptoms, though various modes of media communication and perhaps other health education approaches may be required to extend the reach to diverse, multiethnic populations and all age groups.
Subjective experience of meningitis survivors: a transversal qualitative study using interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Scanferla Elisabetta , Fasse Léonor , Gorwood Philip 
Published: August 2020

Objectives(1) To capture the subjective experience of meningitis survivors during adolescence and adulthood and (2) To explore how they give meaning to this specific experience.DesignA qualitative study of in-depth interviews using interpretative phenomenological analysis.SettingsParticipants recruited through an association of persons affected by meningitis and their relatives.ParticipantsConvenience sample of nine participants (seven women and two men) between the ages of 18 to 48 years (mean=28.3, SD=11.4), who personally experienced meningitis.ResultsEight major themes and three main meaning-making processes in relation to the participants’ experiences of meningitis were identified: (1) the ability to rely on the testimony of others, (2) the impossibility of meaning-making and (3) the possibility of post-traumatic growth. We detailed here five major themes, which appear critical to answering the objective of the study.ConclusionsThis study provides a unique insight into the first-hand experience of surviving meningitis. Findings highlighted factors characterising the disease experience, the psychological adjustment of meningitis survivors and their meaning-making processes. These findings are important for both research and clinical practice, demonstrating the importance of direct involvement of meningitis survivors in identifying key aspects of care, which include the critical role of relatives, and the importance of investigating the need for training among healthcare providers on how to diagnose meningitis.
Adverse events associated with paediatric massage therapy: a systematic review
Authors: Karkhaneh Mohhamad , Zorzela Liliane , Jou Hsing , Funabashi Martha , Dryden Trish , Vohra Sunita 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionMassage therapy (MT) is frequently used in children. No study has systematically assessed its safety in children and adolescents. We systematically review adverse events (AEs) associated with paediatric MT.MethodsWe searched seven electronic databases from inception to December 2018. We included studies if they (1) were primary studies published in a peer-reviewed journal, (2) involved children aged 0–18 years and (3) a type of MT was used for any indication. No restriction was applied to language, year of publication and study design. AEs were classified based on their severity and association to the intervention.ResultsLiterature searches identified 12 286 citations, of which 938 citations were retrieved for full-text evaluation and 60 studies were included. In the included studies, 31 (51.6%) did not report any information on AEs, 13 (21.6%) reported that no AE occurred and 16 studies (26.6%) reported at least one AE after MT. There were 20 mild events (grade 1) that resolved with minimal intervention, 26 moderate events (grades 2–3) that required medical intervention, and 18 cases of severe AEs (grades 4–5) that resulted in hospital admission or prolongation of hospital stay; of these, 17 AEs were volvulus in premature infants, four of which were ultimately fatal events.ConclusionWe identified a range of AEs associated with MT use, from mild to severe. Unfortunately, the majority of included studies did not report if an AE occurred or not, leading to publication bias. This review reports an association between abdominal massage with volvulus without malrotation in preterm infants; it is still to be defined if this is casual or not, but our findings warrant caution in the use of abdominal massage in preterm infants.
Investigating the use of ultrasonography for the antenatal diagnosis of structural congenital anomalies in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Goley Stephanie Michele , Sakula-Barry Sidonie , Adofo-Ansong Nana , Isaaya Ntawunga Laurence , Tekyiwa Botchway Maame , Kelly Ann Horton , Wright Naomi 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundCongenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of under-5 mortality globally. The greatest burden is faced by those in low/middle-income countries (LMICs), where over 95% of deaths occur. Many of these deaths may be preventable through antenatal diagnosis and early intervention. This systematic literature review investigates the use of antenatal ultrasound to diagnose congenital anomalies and improve the health outcomes of infants in LMICs.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted using three search strings: (1) structural congenital anomalies; (2) LMICs; and (3) antenatal diagnosis. The search was conducted on the following databases: Medline, Embase, PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Title, abstract and full-text screening was undertaken in duplicate by two reviewers independently. Consensus among the wider authorship was sought for discrepancies. The primary analysis focused on the availability and effectiveness of antenatal ultrasound for diagnosing structural congenital anomalies. Secondary outcomes included neonatal morbidity and mortality, termination rates, referral rates for further antenatal care and training level of the ultrasonographer. Relevant policy data were sought.ResultsThe search produced 4062 articles; 97 were included in the review. The median percentage of women receiving an antenatal ultrasound examination was 50.0% in African studies and 90.7% in Asian studies (range 6.8%–98.8%). Median detection rates were: 16.7% Africa, 34.3% South America, 34.7% Asia and 47.3% Europe (range 0%–100%). The training level of the ultrasound provider may affect detection rates. Four articles compared morbidity and mortality outcomes, with inconclusive results. Significant variations in termination rates were found (0%–98.3%). No articles addressed referral rates.ConclusionAntenatal detection of congenital anomalies remains highly variable across LMICs and is particularly low in sub-Saharan Africa. Further research is required to investigate the role of antenatal diagnosis for improving survival from congenital anomalies in LMICs.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019105620.
Adult palliative care 2004–2030 population study: estimates and projections in Malaysia
Authors: Yang Su Lan , Woon Yuan Liang , Teoh Cindy Cy Oun , Leong Chin Tho , Lim Richard Boon Leong 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo estimate past trends and future projection of adult palliative care needs in Malaysia.MethodsThis is a population-based secondary data analysis using the national mortality registry from 2004 to 2014. Past trend estimation was conducted using Murtagh’s minimum and maximum methods and Gómez-Batiste’s method. The estimated palliative care needs were stratified by age groups, gender and administrative states in Malaysia. With this, the projection of palliative care needs up to 2030 was conducted under the assumption that annual change remains constant.ResultsThe palliative care needs in Malaysia followed an apparent upward trend over the years regardless of the estimation methods. Murtagh’s minimum estimation method showed that palliative care needs grew 40% from 71 675 cases in 2004 to 100 034 cases in 2014. The proportion of palliative care needs in relation to deaths hovered at 71% in the observed years. In 2030, Malaysia should anticipate the population needs to be at least 239 713 cases (240% growth from 2014), with the highest needs among age group ≥80-year-old in both genders. Sarawak, Perak, Johor, Selangor and Kedah will become the top five Malaysian states with the highest number of needs in 2030.ConclusionThe need for palliative care in Malaysia will continue to rise and surpass its service provision. This trend demands a stepped-up provision from the national health system with advanced integration of palliative care services to narrow the gap between needs and supply.
COVID-19, smoking and inequalities: a study of 53 002 adults in the UK
Authors: Jackson Sarah E , Brown Jamie , Shahab Lion , Steptoe Andrew , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThis study aimed to examine associations between smoking and COVID-19 relevant outcomes, taking into account the influence of inequalities and adjusting for potential confounding variables.MethodsCross-sectional data were used from an online study of adults in the UK (n=53 002). Main outcome measures were confirmed and suspected COVID-19, worry about catching or becoming seriously ill from COVID-19 and adherence to protective behaviours. Covariates included age, sex, ethnicity, education (post-16 qualifications: yes/no), key worker status and comorbid health conditions.ResultsCompared with never smokers (0.26% (95% CI 0.21% to 0.33%)), prevalence of confirmed COVID-19 was higher among current (0.56% (0.41% to 0.75%)) but not ex-smokers (0.19% (0.13% to 0.28%)). Associations were similar before (current: OR=2.14 (1.49–3.08); ex-smokers: OR=0.73 (0.47–1.14)) and after (current: OR=1.79 (1.22–2.62); ex-smokers: OR=0.85 (0.54–1.33)) adjustment. For current smokers, this was moderated by socio-economic position, with higher rates only seen in those without post-16 qualifications (OR=3.53 (2.04–6.10)). After including suspected cases, prevalence was higher among current smokers (11.2% (10.6% to 11.9%), OR=1.11 (1.03–1.20)) and ex-smokers (10.9% (10.4% to 11.5%), OR=1.07 (1.01–1.15)) than never smokers (10.2% (9.9% to 10.6%)), but remained higher only among ex-smokers after adjustment (OR=1.21 (1.13–1.29)). Current and ex-smokers had higher odds than never smokers of reporting significant stress about becoming seriously ill from COVID-19 (current: OR=1.34 (1.27–1.43); ex-smokers: OR=1.22 (1.16–1.28)). Adherence to recommendations to prevent spread of COVID-19 was high (96.3% (96.1% to 96.4%)), but lower among current than never smokers (OR=0.70 (0.62–0.78)).ConclusionsIn a population sample, current smoking was independently associated with self-reported confirmed COVID-19 infection. There were socio-economic disparities, with the association only apparent among those without post-16 qualifications. Smokers reported lower adherence to guidelines despite being more worried than non-smokers about catching or becoming seriously ill from COVID-19.
Fermionic cosmological model with gauge and Schutz couplings: Classical and quantum analysis
Authors: Ribas Marlos O. , Devecchi Fernando P. , Kremer Gilberto M. 
Published: August 2020

A cosmological model for the early universe is investigated where a Schutz fluid and a fermionic field coupled to a gauge field are the sources of the gravitational field. The determination of the scale factor in the classical analysis follows from the Hamiltonian formulation together with Dirac’s method for constrained systems. The expectation value of the scale factor in the quantum analysis is determined from the Wheeler–DeWitt equation. The singularity in the classical solution for the scale factor is avoided in the quantum solution where a bouncing from a minimum value of the scale factor is present. It is shown that: (i) the minimum value of the scale factor depends on the ratio of the fermionic coupling constant and the mass of the vectorial field; (ii) the classical and quantum solutions coincide for large values of the conformal time due to a dilution of the quantum effects with the time evolution; (iii) the behavior of the wave function probability density confirms that the maximum probability occurs when the scale factor has its minimum value equal to its expectation value; (iv) the quantum potential in the Bohmian formulation goes to infinity when the scale factor tends to zero avoiding the singularity at this point.
ERINA Is an Estrogen-Responsive LncRNA That Drives Breast Cancer through the E2F1/RB1 Pathway
Authors: Fang Zihui , Wang Yue , Wang Zehua , Xu Meishu , Ren Songrong , Yang Da , Hong Mei , Xie Wen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Resistance to therapeutic drugs is a major challenge in the treatment of cancers, including breast cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are known to have diverse physiologic and pathophysiologic functions, including in cancer. In searching for lncRNA responsible for cancer drug resistance, we identified an intergenic lncRNA ERINA (estrogen inducible lncRNA) as a novel lncRNA highly expressed in multiple cancer types, especially in estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) breast cancers. Expression of ERINA was inversely correlated with survival of patients with ER+ breast cancer and sensitivity to CDK inhibitor in breast cancer cell lines. Functional characterization established ERINA as an oncogenic lncRNA, as knockdown of ERINA in breast cancer cells inhibited cell-cycle progression and tumor cell proliferation in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in vivo. In contrast, overexpression of ERINA promoted cell growth and cell-cycle progression. ERINA promoted cell-cycle progression by interacting with the E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), which prevents the binding of E2F1 to the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein 1 (RB1). ERINA also functioned as an estrogen and ER-responsive gene, and an intronic ER-binding site was identified as an enhancer that mediates the transactivation of ERINA. In summary, ERINA is an estrogen-responsive oncogenic lncRNA that may serve as a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.

Significance:
These findings identify ERINA as an estrogen-responsive, oncogenic lncRNA, whose elevated expression may contribute to drug resistance and poor survival of patients with ER+ breast cancer.