bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transported properties and low-temperature magnetic behaviors of Ti
x
Cr1−

x
O2 films
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua , Cheng Ming , Zou Zhaorui , Xu Jing , Liu Yong , Lu Zhihong , Xiong Rui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Electronic transport and magnetic properties of Ti
x
Cr1−x
O2 epitaxial films with low Ti concentrations have been studied. Compared with pure CrO2 film, Ti-doped films exhibit a significant increase of resistivity and the magnetoresistance at low temperature is more difficult to saturate even under an external field of 5 Tesla. The DC magnetization and AC susceptibility measurements suggest that a cluster glass freezing behavior occurs at low temperature in Ti-doped films. After analyzing the AC susceptibility using dynamic scaling theory, we have obtained the cluster-glass transition temperature T
G = 97.8 K, the dynamic exponent zv = 12.37, and the characteristic timescale τ
0 = 10−16, which lies in the range of conventional cluster glass systems.
Constraining resonance properties through kaon production in pion–nucleus collisions at low energies
Authors: Steinberg V , Steinheimer J , Elfner H , Bleicher M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Hadronic interactions are crucial for the dynamical description of heavy-ion reactions at low collision energies and in the late dilute stages at high collision energies. In particular, the properties and decay channels of resonances are an essential ingredient of hadronic transport approaches. The HADES collaboration measured particle production in collisions of pions with carbon and tungsten nuclei at E
kin = 1.7 GeV (Adamczewski-Musch et al 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett.
123 022002). Such reactions are of high interest, because they allow to probe the properties of baryonic resonances produced in a much cleaner environment than the usual nucleus–nucleus collisions. We study these reactions with two transport approaches: SMASH (simulating many accelerated strongly-interacting hadrons) and UrQMD (ultra relativistic quantum molecular dynamics) which follow the same underlying concept but with different implementations. The differential spectra in rapidity and transverse momentum are used to show how model parameters, as the decay channels of high mass resonances and angular distributions of kaon elastic scattering, can be constrained. It is found that the data favor the production of more particles with lower momentum over the production of few particles with higher momentum in these decays. In addition, the shape of the rapidity distribution of the kaons strongly depends on the angular distribution of the elastic kaon–nucleon cross section.
Effect of Pd alloying on structural, electronic and magnetic properties of L10 Fe–Ni
Authors: Singh Prashant , Das Debashish , Johnson Duane D , Arroyave Raymundo , Alam Aftab 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present a systematic study of the effect of Pd-alloying on phase stability, electronic structure, and elastic properties in L10 Fe–Ni using density-functional theory. Being from the same group of the periodic table, Pd is the best candidate for chemical alloying. The Fe–Ni/Fe–Pd/Ni–Pd bond-length increases with increasing Pd-concentration, which weakens the hybridization between low lying energy states below Fermi-level. The reduced hybridization decreases the relative thermodynamic stability of L10 Fe(Ni1−x
Pd
x
) until x = 0.75. Beyond this concentration, the relative stability gets enhanced, which is attributed to a unique change in the lattice distortion (c/a). The elastic properties show a non-monotonous behavior as a function of x, which is again due to a specific change-over in the uniaxial strain. We found that Pd alloying increases the local Fe moment and structural anisotropy of L10 FeNi, which are important for applications such as microwave absorption, refrigeration systems, recording devices, imaging and sensors. We believe that the present study for the chemical alloying effect can provide critical insights toward the understanding of electronic-structure and elastic behavior of other technologically important materials.
Improved stochastic modeling of multi-GNSS single point positioning with additional BDS-3 observations
Authors: Hu Hong , Zhou Feng , Jin Shuanggen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe accuracy of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations is affected by many factors, such as different systems, frequencies, carriers and pseudoranges, all of which also vary with different situations. Therefore, it is challenging to establish an accurate stochastic model for multi-GNSS positioning in theory, particularly for the additional BeiDou-3 Global Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3). In practical applications, the real stochastic model needs to be estimated based on the characteristics of the observations themselves. We evaluated the influence of BDS-3 on the positioning results using 46 sites distributed around the world and proposed an improved stochastic model for multi-GNSS single point positioning (SPP) based on the least-squares variance component estimation (LS-VCE). The results show that when the BDS-3 observations are added, the positioning precision and accuracy are significantly improved. By using the improved LS-VCE method in GPS/BDS dual system positioning, the accuracy of E, N and U directions are 0.373, 0.498 and 1.044 m, respectively, when compared to the traditional method with 0.502, 0.533 and 1.333 m. The proposed stochastic model improves the multi-GNSS SPP accuracy without significantly increasing the calculation time. Furthermore, reliable results are obtained for all epochs with the improved LS-VCE model.
The exceptionally high thermal conductivity after ‘alloying’ two-dimensional gallium nitride (GaN) and aluminum nitride (AlN)
Authors: Wang Huimin , Wei Donghai , Duan Junfei , Qin Zhenzhen , Qin Guangzhao , Yao Yagang , Hu Ming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Alloying is a widely employed approach for tuning properties of materials, especially for thermal conductivity which plays a key role in the working liability of electronic devices and the energy conversion efficiency of thermoelectric devices. Commonly, the thermal conductivity of an alloy is acknowledged to be the smallest compared to the parent materials. However, the findings in this study bring some different points of view on the modulation of thermal transport by alloying. The thermal transport properties of monolayer GaN, AlN, and their alloys of Ga
x
Al1−x
N are comparatively investigated by solving the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) based on first-principles calculations. The thermal conductivity of Ga0.25Al0.75N alloy (29.57 Wm−1 K−1) and Ga0.5Al0.5N alloy (21.49 Wm−1 K−1) are found exceptionally high to be between AlN (74.42 Wm−1 K−1) and GaN (14.92 Wm−1 K−1), which violates the traditional knowledge that alloying usually lowers thermal conductivity. The mechanism resides in that, the existence of Al atoms reduces the difference in atomic radius and masses of the Ga0.25Al0.75N alloy, which also induces an isolated optical phonon branch around 18 THz. As a result, the scattering phase space of Ga0.25Al0.75N is largely suppressed compared to GaN. The microscopic analysis from the orbital projected electronic density of states and the electron localization function further provides insight that the alloying process weakens the polarization of bonding in Ga0.25Al0.75N alloy and leads to the increased thermal conductivity. The exceptionally high thermal conductivity of the Ga
x
Al1−x
N alloys and the underlying mechanism as revealed in this study would bring valuable insight for the future research of materials with applications in high-performance thermal management.
A novel proton counting detector and method for the validation of tissue and implant material maps for Monte Carlo dose calculation
Authors: Charyyev Serdar , Chang Chih-Wei , Harms Joseph , Oancea Cristina , Yoon S Tim , Yang Xiaofeng , Zhang Tiezhi , Zhou Jun , Lin Liyong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The presence of artificial implants complicates the delivery of proton therapy due to inaccurate characterization of both the implant and the surrounding tissues. In this work, we describe a method to characterize implant and human tissue mimicking materials in terms of relative stopping power (RSP) using a novel proton counting detector. Each proton is tracked by directly measuring the deposited energy along the proton track using a fast, pixelated spectral detector AdvaPIX-TPX3 (TPX3). We considered three scenarios to characterize the RSPs. First, in-air measurements were made in the presence of metal rods (Al, Ti and CoCr) and bone. Then, measurements of energy perturbations in the presence of metal implants and bone in an anthropomorphic phantom were performed. Finally, sampling of cumulative stopping power (CSP) of the phantom were made at different locations of the anthropomorphic phantom. CSP and RSP information were extracted from energy spectra at each beam path. To quantify the RSP of metal rods we used the shift in the most probable energy (MPE) of CSP from the reference CSP without a rod. Overall, the RSPs were determined as 1.48, 2.06, 3.08, and 5.53 from in-air measurements; 1.44, 1.97, 2.98, and 5.44 from in-phantom measurements, for bone, Al, Ti and CoCr, respectively. Additionally, we sampled CSP for multiple paths of the anthropomorphic phantom ranging from 18.63 to 25.23 cm deriving RSP of soft tissues and bones in agreement within 1.6% of TOPAS simulations. Using minimum error of these multiple CSP, optimal mass densities were derived for soft tissue and bone and they are within 1% of vendor-provided nominal densities. The preliminary data obtained indicates the proposed novel method can be used for the validation of material and density maps, required by proton Monte Carlo Dose calculation, provided by competing multi-energy computed tomography and metal artifact reduction techniques.
Breathing rate and heart rate as confounding factors in measuring T wave alternans and morphological variability in ECG
Authors: Sadiq Ismail , Perez-Alday Erick A , Shah Amit J , Clifford Gari D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective. High morphological variability magnitude (MVM) and microvolt T wave alternans (TWA) within an electrocardiogram (ECG) signifies increased electrical instability and risk of sudden cardiac death. However, the influence of breathing rate (BR), heart rate (HR), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is unknown and may inflate measured values. Approach. We synthesize ECGs with morphologies derived from the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Database. We calculate MVM and TWA at varying BRs, HRs and SNRs. We compare the MVM and TWA of signal with versus without breathing at varying HRs and SNRs. We then quantify the percentage of MVM and TWA estimates affected by BR and HR in a healthy population and assess the effect of removing these affected estimates on a method for classifying individuals with and without post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Main results. For signals with high SNR (>15 dB), MVM is significantly increased when BRs are > 9 respirations/minute (rpm) and HRs are < 100 beats/minute (bpm). Increased TWAs are detected for HR/BR pairs of 60/15, 60/30 and 120/30 bpm/rpm. For 18 healthy participants, 8.33% of TWA windows and 66.76% of MVM windows are affected by BR and HR. On average, the number of windows with TWA elevations > 47 μV decreases by 23% after excluding regions with significant BR and HR effect. Adding HR and BR to a morphological variability feature increases the classification performance by 6% for individuals with and without PTSD. Significance. Physiological BR and HR significantly increase MVM and TWA , indicating that BR and HR should be considered separately as confounders. The code for this work has been released as part of an open-source toolbox.
Quantum thermodynamics in the interior of a Schwarzschild black-hole
Authors: Musmarra Juan Ignacio , Bellini Mauricio , Anabitarte Mariano 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study space-time back-reaction configuration in the interior of a Schwarzschild Black-Hole (B-H) using Relativistic Quantum Geometry described in (Ridao and Bellini 2015 Astrophys. Space Sci.
357 94) and (Ridao and Bellini 2015 Phys. Lett. B 751 565). We found discrete energy levels for a scalar field from a polynomial condition for Heun Confluent functions expanded around the Schwarzschild radius. From the solutions it is obtained that the uncertainty principle is valid for each energy level of space-time, in the form: E

n

r

sh,n
= ℏ/2. Temperature, entropy and the B-H mass are dependent on the number of states in the B-H, such that the Bekenstein-Hawking (BH) results are obtained in a limit case.
IV International Conference on Ultrafast Optical Science (UltrafastLight-2020)
Authors: Zazymkina D. A. , Bochkarev S. G. , Kudryashov S. I. , Ionin A. A. 
Published: December 2020

IV International Conference on Ultrafast Optical Science (UltrafastLight-2020) was held on September 28-October 02, 2020 in P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI) in Moscow, Russia. The mixed (offline and online) Conference format was chosen due to the current quarantine measures and travel restrictions, nonetheless it did not affect the highest quality of the talks given by all the speakers registered at the Conference. The possibility of broadcasting through Zoom drastically increased the number of reports made by foreign participants which enabled more detailed outlook of the present problems and development of the optical science field. IV International Conference on Ultrafast Optical Science aimed at experience exchange between scientists and researchers from different countries and united the specialists presenting even different continents. Succession ensurance and its maintenance being the sufficient part of our mission was reflected in practice by inviting not only scientists, but also students specialized in optics and laser physics.
List of Scientific Program Committee, Local organizing committee, Conference Sections, Plenary Speakers, Invited Speakers, Sponsors, are available in this pdf.
Intensity clamping and controlled efficiency of X-ray generation under femtosecond laser interaction with nanostructured target in air and helium
Authors: Garmatina A. A. , Bravy B. G. , Potemkin F. V. , Nazarov M. M. , Gordienko V. M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We have performed theoretical calculations aimed at modeling the propagation dynamics of a focused femtosecond laser beam in a nonlinear gas medium. It was obtained that when helium is blown into the focal area, the intensity clamping level is about 2,5 times higher than when air is present. The conditions for optimal placement of the target relative to the position of the vacuum focus and, accordingly, allowing to achieve maximum intensity are found. It was found that under interaction in air femtosecond Cr:forsterite laser ( λ=1,24 μm, E<1 mJ, 100 fs) with nanostructured iron containing tape the intensity clamping effect is observed. Replacing the air medium with helium leads to essentially increase in line (6.4keV) X-ray yield. Increasing the pulse duration to 300fs led to an increase in the X-ray output twice and reached 3*105 photons/pulse in solid angle.
High-frequency skin effect in a photoionized inert gas plasma
Authors: Vagin K. Yu. , Mamontova T. V. , Uryupin S. A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The penetration of a monochromatic electromagnetic wave into the weakly ionised plasma formed by multiphoton ionization of inert gas atoms has been studied. It is shown how the type of dependence of the photoelectron collision frequency on their velocity determines transverse permettivity in plasma. Explicit expressions for the absorption coefficient in inert gases at different probe radiation frequencies are obtained. In the high-frequency skin effect mode, the possibility of the absorption coefficient increasing due to the Ramsauer-Townsend effect has been demonstrated with argon as an example.
Femto-nanosecond laser ablation of gold target in liquid
Authors: Nastulyavichus A. A. , Kudryashov S. I. , Rudenko A. A. , Zayarny D. A. , Ionin A. A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Colloidal solutions of gold nanoparticles were generated in deionized water from bulk target at different energies of nanosecond and femtosecond lasers. The obtained colloidal nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, optical transmission spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering.
You shall not pass: titanium and silver nanospikes-based flow-through filter for liquid sterilization
Authors: Sozaev I. V. , Saraeva I. N. , Tolordava E. R. , Nastulyavichus A. A , Kudryashov S. I. , Rudenko A. A , Zayarny D. A. , Ionin A. A , Romanova Yu. M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Antibacterial nanostructures were written on the surface of a silver (Ag) film and titanium (Ti) wafer using femtosecond laser ablation. The bactericidal properties were tested on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacterial strains. The resulting nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A flow-through filter, based on Ag plates with nanospikes, used as a sterilization of the liquid, led to the almost complete death of bacteria. It is assumed that the antibacterial properties are due to mechanical damage caused by the sharp nanoscale relief.
The effects of ASE contrast and beams mutual alignment on the γ-ray yield in laser-plasma interactions with artificial prepulse
Authors: Shulyapov S A , Tsymbalov I N , Ivanov K A , Gospodinov G A , Volkov R V , Savel’ev A B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present experimental study of the bremsstrahlung γ-rays generation in a plasma interacting with 50 fs laser pulse in slightly relativistic regime (intensity ∼2-1018 W/cm2). A pre-plasma layer on the surface of the molybdenum target is formed by an additional laser pulse with a duration of 8 ns and an intensity of ∼2-1012 W/cm2. The energy and intensity of the artificial pre-pulse exceed those of the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) pedestal of the main pulse by ∼103 and 10 times (for contrast 10−7), respectively. It was shown that the low ASE contrast (>10−7) is the crucial condition for increasing (in comparison to the case without artificial pre-pulse) of the integral γ-rays yield when the nanosecond pulse is ahead of the femtosecond one by >20 ns. Interferometry data show that the reason of the γ-rays yield increasing is a pre-plasma layer initially produced by artificial pre-pulse and re-created by the ASE. The optimum conditions for γ-rays yield achieved if (i) the pre-pulse comes ∼25 ns in advance, (ii) ASE contrast is 10−7 and lower and (iii) the femtosecond focal point is shifted by ∼100 μm from the center of the nanosecond pre-pulse focal spot and by ∼100 μm above the target surface.
Large-scale emulation of spatio-temporal variation in temperature under climate change
Authors: Yuan Xiao-Chen , Zhang Nan , Wang Wei-Zheng , Wei Yi-Ming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Future temperature variations under greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios are critical to assess possible impacts on human society and make reasonable mitigation policies. Due to the huge running cost, Earth system models (ESMs) may be difficult to flexibly provide the temperature projections following some specific emission pathways for empirical analysis. This study develops the mean and variability filed emulators in the high-resolution land grids to approximate the temperature behavior conditioned on GHG emissions in ESM. The emulator of mean temperature response is modeled as a function of GHG emissions to represent the expected values for ESM output, and the associated high-dimensional spatial dependence across grid points is estimated by the nearest-neighbor Gaussian process. The variability emulator is constructed with the residuals between the mean temperature response and the ESM output, and the associated space-time correlation structure is decomposed by principal component analysis and discrete Fourier transform. The analysis shows that the emulators trained with the runs of ESM only from part of representative concentration pathways can efficiently reproduce the temperature variations under different emission scenarios. The emulated gridded temperatures would be easily taken for climate impact and risk assessment, and be incorporated in the integrated assessment model for climate policy analysis.
ODE/IM correspondence for affine Lie algebras: a numerical approach
Authors: Ito Katsushi , Kondo Takayasu , Kuroda Kohei , Shu Hongfei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study numerically the ODE/IM correspondence for untwisted affine Lie algebras associated with simple Lie algebras including exceptional type. We consider the linear problem obtained from the massless limit of that of the modified affine Toda field equation. We found that the Q-functions in integrable models are expressed as the inner product of the solution of the dual linear problem and the subdominant solution of the linear problem. Using Cheng’s algorithm to obtain the solution of the linear problem, we can determine efficiently the zeros of the Q-function, which is known to provide the solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations (BAEs). We calculate the zeros numerically, which are shown to agree with the results from the non-linear integral equations (NLIEs) for simply-laced affine Lie algebras including the exceptional type. By the folding procedure of the Dynkin diagrams of simply-laced Lie algebras, we also find the correspondence for the linear problem of the non-simply-laced affine Lie algebras.
Analysis of Water Supply and Drainage Construction Technology for Municipal Engineering
Authors: ding Li , liwu Li 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years, with the continuous improvement of construction technology level in China, the construction speed of major projects has been accelerating, especially the construction of municipal projects, both the quantity and quality of municipal projects have been significantly improved. For municipal engineering, the main purpose of the construction is to provide better and more comfortable accommodation for urban residents. The construction of water supply and drainage projects is related to the daily life of residents, so water supply and drainage projects play a major role in the construction of municipal engineering. This paper briefly analyzes the water supply and drainage construction technology in municipal engineering.
Analysis of ‘5.29’ blast furnace burst accident of Fangda special steel
Authors: Yang Chengcheng , Kong Xiangzhi , Zhang Lijing , Tao Gang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
On May 29, 2019, a blast furnace explosion occurred in the iron making plant of Fangda Special Steel Technology Co., Ltd. in Qingshanhu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province. The corrugated compensator of No.2 blast furnace gas riser burst, resulting in 6 deaths, 4 injuries and direct economic losses of more than 27.24 million yuan. Through the analysis of the amount of water drawn from the top of blast furnace, this paper concludes that this is a physical explosion caused by overheating, rapid boiling expansion and over-pressure of liquefied water. Through the qualitative evaluation of the accident by Bow-tie model, the specific causes and consequences are analyzed, and the physical model is used to carry out a further quantitative analysis of the consequences, the hazard area is determined, and the countermeasures to prevent the burst accident of corrugated compensator are put forward, which is helpful to prevent the recurrence of such accidents.