bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sun protection education for adolescents: A feasibility study of a wait-list controlled trial of an intervention involving a presentation, action planning, and SMS messages and using objective measurement of sun exposure
Authors: Hubbard Gill , Cherrie John , Gray Jonathan , Kyle Richard G , Nioi Amanda , Wendelboe-Nelson Charlotte , Cowie Hilary , Dombrowski Stephan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
People increase their risk of melanoma unless they are protected from the harmful effects of sun exposure during childhood and adolescence. We aimed to assess the feasibility of a three-component sun protection intervention- presentation, action planning, and SMS messages - and trial parameters.
Methods
This feasibility wait-list trial was conducted in the United Kingdom in 2018. Students aged 13-15 years were eligible. Feasibility outcomes were collected for recruitment rates; data availability rates for objective measurements of melanin and erythema using a Mexameter and self-reported sunburn occurrences, severity and body location, tanning, sun protection behaviours and Skin Self-Examination (SSE) collected before (baseline) and after the school summer holidays (follow-up); intervention reach, adherence, perceived impact and acceptability. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics; qualitative data were analysed thematically.
Results
Five out of eight schools expressing an interest in participating with four allocated to act as intervention and one control. Four parents/carers opted their child out of the study. 487 out of 724 students on the school register consented to the study at baseline (67%). 385 were in intervention group schools. Objective skin measurements were available for 255 (66%) of the intervention group at baseline and 237 (61%) of the group at follow up. Melanin increased; erythema decreased. Complete self-report data were available for 247 (64%) students in the intervention group. The number of students on the school register who attended the presentation and given the booklet was 379 (98%) and gave their mobile phone number was 155 (40%). No intervention component was perceived as more impactful on sun protection behaviours. Adolescents did not see the relevance of sun protection in the UK or for their age group.
Conclusions
This is the first study to use a Mexameter to measure skin colour in adolescents. Erythema (visible redness) lasts no more than three days and its measurement before and after a six week summer holiday may not yield relevant or meaningful data. A major challenge is that adolescents do not see the relevance of sun protection and SSE.
Determinants of long acting contraceptive utilization among hiv positive reproductive age women attending care at art clinics of public health facilities in Arba Minch town, Southern Ethiopia, 2019. A case control study
Authors: Yirsaw Betselot , Meskel Feleke G , Michael G-kiros G , Shitemaw Tewoderos 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Long acting and permanent contraceptive methods by far are the most effective, very safe and convenient methods than short acting contraceptive methods. Dual protective which includes use of a reliable hormonal contraceptive method like LAPMs and a barrier method like using the male or female condom is encouraged to prevent further transmission of HIV. But in less developed countries, use of long acting reversible contraceptive or permanent methods (LARCs/PMs) is very low. Therefore the aim of this study was to identify determinants of long acting contraceptive method utilization among HIV positive reproductive age women. Methods: An institutional based case control study was conducted among random sample of 354 HIV positive reproductive age women (total of 97.8% response rate) at Anti-Retroviral Therapy clinics from February 20 to March 20, 2019. Case to control ratio was 1:2. A structured questionnaire and information recorded from ART card review were used to collect the data. Bivariate and Multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed in order to identify the factors significantly associated with long acting contraceptive method utilization at the level of significance of p value <0.25 with 95% CI of COR and <0.05 with 95% CI of AOR respectively.Results: A total of 354 (33.3% cases and 66.7% controls) HIV positive reproductive age women were interviewed with response rate of 97.8%. The study revealed being in age group of 39 and above [AOR=0.17, 95% CI (0.06, 0.48)], being divorced/separated and widowed [AOR=0.05, 95% CI (0.003, 0.61)], having supportive opinion and strongly supportive opinion regarding family planning service availability in ART clinic [AOR= 5.01, 95% CI (1.79, 14.07)], [AOR= 7.81, 95% CI (2.54, 24.01)] and having no future fertility intention [AOR= 7.03, 95% CI (2.73, 18.06)] were statistically significant determinants for long acting contraceptive method utilization.Conclusion: Woman in age group of 39 and above, having no future fertility intention and being divorced/separated and widowed was found to be determinants of long acting contraceptive method utilization among HIV positive reproductive age women. In addition our study support the WHO Strategic Considerations for Strengthening the Linkages between Family Planning and HIV/AIDS Policies, Programs, and Services. Key words: - long acting contraceptive methods, HIV positive reproductive age women, Ethiopia
CRRT in patients with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Guo Hebing , Liu Jingyuan , Pu Lin , Hao Jingjing , Yin Ningning , Liu Yufeng , Xiong Haofeng , li ang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: AKI is a common complication among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)--infecting patients and resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. CRRT is a useful method and instrument in critically ill patients with fluid overload and metabolic disarray, especially in those who are unable to tolerate the intermittent hemodialysis. However, the epidemiology, influence factors of CRRT and mortality in patients with HIV/AIDS are still unclear in China. This study aims to study the HIV-infected patients admitted in ICU and explore the influence factors correlated with CRRT and prognosis.Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control study, in ICU of Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, which is a top three hospital majoring in infectious diseases. From June 1,2005 to May 31,2017, 225 cases were enrolled in this research eventually.Results: 122(54.2%) patients were diagnosed with AKI during their stay in ICU, the number and percentage of AKI stage 1/2/3 were respectively 38(31.1%)/23(18.9%)/61(50%). 26.2% of AKI patients received CRRT during the stay of ICU. 56.25% CRRT patients died in ICU. The 28-day mortality was 62.5%, and the 90-day mortality was 75%. By multivariate logistics analysis, it showed that the use of vasoactive agents (OR=174.31,95% CI 1.743-65.271, p=0.018), diagnosis of PCP(OR=27.136,95% CI 1.855-397.066, p=0.016) and longer duration of CRRT (OR=1.034,95% CI 1.004-1.065, p=0.028) were independent risk factors for predicting patients’ death of CRRT in ICU. The Cox Analysis for the cumulative survival of AKI 3 patients between the CRRT and non-CRRT groups shows no significant differences (p =0.309).Conclusions: The incidence of AKI was 54.2% in HIV-infected patients admitted to the ICU, and about 26.2% AKI patients received CRRT during the stay of ICU.56.25%CRRT patients died in ICU. The 28-day mortality was 62.5%, and the 90-day mortality was 75%. The use of vasoactive agents, diagnosis of PCP were independent risk factors for predicting patients’ death of CRRT in ICU. The cumulative survival of AKI 3 patients between CRRT and non-CRRT groups shows no significant differences.
Better efficacy in differentiating WHO grade II from III oligodendrogliomas with machine-learning than radiologist’s reading from conventional T1 contrast-enhanced and fluid attenuated inversion recovery images
Authors: Zhao Sha-Sha , Feng Xiu-Long , Hu Yu-Chuan , Han Yu , Tian Qiang , Sun Ying-Zhi , Zhang Jie , Ge Xiang-Wei , Cheng Si-Chao , Li Xiu-Li , Mao Li , Shen Shu-Ning , Yan Lin-Feng , Cui Guang-Bin , Wang Wen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Abstract
Background: The medical imaging to differentiate World Health Organization (WHO) grade II (ODG2) from III (ODG3) oligodendrogliomas still remains a challenge. We investigated whether combination of machine leaning with radiomics from conventional T1 contrast-enhanced (T1CE) and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offered superior efficacy.
Methods: Thirty-six patients with histologically confirmed ODGs underwent T1CE and 33 of them underwent FLAIR MR examination before any intervention from January 2015 to July 2017 were retrospectively recruited in the current study. The volume of interest (VOI) covering the whole tumor enhancement were manually drawn on the T1CE and FLAIR slice by slice using ITK-SNAP and a total of 1072 features were extracted from the VOI using 3-D slicer software. Random forest (RF) algorithm was applied to differentiate ODG2 from ODG3 and the efficacy was tested with 5-fold cross validation. The diagnostic efficacy of radiomics-based machine learning and radiologist’s assessment were also compared.
Results: Nineteen ODG2 and 17 ODG3 were included in this study and ODG3 tended to present with prominent necrosis and nodular/ring-like enhancement (P < 0.05). The AUC, ACC, sensitivity, and specificity of radiomics were 0.798, 0.735, 0.672, 0.789 for T1CE, 0.774, 0.689, 0.700, 0.683 for FLAIR, as well as 0.861, 0.781, 0.778, 0.783 for the combination, respectively. The AUCs of radiologists 1, 2 and 3 were 0.700, 0.687, and 0.714, respectively. The efficacy of machine learning based on radiomics was superior to the radiologists' assessment.
Conclusions: Machine-learning based on radiomics of T1CE and FLAIR offered superior efficacy to that of radiologists in differentiating ODG2 from ODG3.
Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrine: An Emerging Role for Management of Breast Cancer
Authors: Guo Yubo , Chen Beibei , Pei Xiaohua , Zhang Dongwei 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrine (RST), known as FangJi (Pinyin name) in Chinese, is the
dried root of Stephania tetrandra S.Moore, and has been prescribed in combination with other herbs to treat cardiovascular
diseases and breast cancer in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical trials.

Objective:
The aim of the review is to provide a comprehensive evaluation about the application of RST in breast
cancer management in TCM clinical trials, its ingredients, and its action on preventing the development of breast
cancer in vitro and in vivo studies.

Methods:
Literature sources used were Pubmed, CNKI.net, Cqvip.com, and the Web of Science. For the inquiry,
keywords such as Fangji, breast cancer, clinical trials, Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrine, tetrandrine, and fangchinoline
were used in various combinations. About 150 research papers and reviews were consulted.

Results:
In TCM, RST exhibited the anti-tumor ability through its action on the bladder and lungs through dispersing
phlegm and blood stasis. 10 clinical trials were identified which used RST in combination with other
herbs to treat breast cancer. On average, the trials were characterized by high efficacy (>85%) and low toxicity.
However, most of the clinical trials are characterized as small patient samples, poor design, and different combinations
of herbs in prescriptions. To date, more and more compounds have been isolated from this plant. RST
exhibited anti-tumor activities by targeting reversing multidrug resistance, inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing
apoptosis, preventing tumor angiogenesis, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and enhancing the sensitization and
attenuating the toxicity of radiotherapy.

Conclusion:
The successful applications of RST in TCM clinical trials and preclinical experiments to beating
breast cancer will provide potent lead compounds in the identification of novel anti-cancer drugs, which further
contributes to the scientific exploration of functions of RST in TCM.
A Review on the Synergetic Effect of Plant Extracts on Nanomaterials for the Removal of Metals in Industrial Effluents
Authors: Vishnu Dhanya , Dhandapani Balaji 
Published: January 2020

Aim:
The review paper aims to explore the effect of plant extracts on nanomaterial adsorbent
for the removal of toxic metals present in industrial effluents.

Background:
Water plays a major role in the sustainability of human life and its existence. Rapid industrialization
and urbanization lead to an increase in the pollution and accumulation of hazardous
substances which causes the degradation of the aquatic ecosystem. Heavy metals are considered to be
a major threat to the environment. Among various metals, the International Union of Pure applied
chemistry (IUPAC) has characterized heavy metals based on their intensity of toxicity and hazardous
effects. Nanoparticles, due to their unique properties of particle size, exist in the range between 1-
100nm, which represents the possibility to introduce modified chemical groups on their surface functioning
as capping agents. Nanoparticles with the increased surface area have specified functional
groups which induce the capability of the catalytic reduction reaction and their optical characteristics
impact the industrial, agricultural and environmental sectors.

Objective:
Magnetic nanoparticles incorporated with the enzymes and metallic sites have been widely
used in both the synthesis of bio valuable products as well as in the degradation of many hazardous
substances like dyes, phenolic compounds, etc. Also, they are used in the removal of metal ions
present in wastewater.

Methods:
Superparamagnetic support nanomaterials (SPIONs) are prepared using the compounds of
Fe, Cu, Ni, Mn and Mg for the distinct and unique characteristics of reusability. These metallic nanomaterials
are coated with distinct materials like mesoporous and amorphous silica, polyvinyl alcohol
and pyrrolidine, polyethylene glycol, polystyrene, chitosan, dextran, starch, gelatin, polystyrene,
polyacrylic acid, and polymethyl methacrylate to enhance the stability of the nanomaterials.

Results:
In comparison to the different nanomaterials, metal oxide NPs possess increased stability,
magnetic inertness, optical and electrical properties. Nanomaterials that are used in the medical applications
are also used as the adsorbents to remove heavy metals from the industrial wastewater. The
presence of polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids makes the plant extracts effective antimicrobial
agents that impact pathogens. Moreover, these plant extracts, coupled with other nanomaterials, play
a significant role in the removal of toxic pollutants from the environment.

Conclusion:
Polyphenolic compounds present in plant extract function as natural reducing agents;
hence, integrating plant extract with metal/metal oxide nanoparticles proves to be efficient in comparison
with the catalysts synthesized by using other chemical methods. These surface modified
nanocatalysts tend to possess enhanced stability and specific reactivity in the system and are used in
the elimination of organic and inorganic pollutants in the industrial wastewater.
Efficacy of the Digital Therapeutic Mobile App BioBase to Reduce Stress and Improve Mental Well-Being Among University Students: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ponzo Sonia , Morelli Davide , Kawadler Jamie M , Hemmings Nicola Rose , Bird Geoffrey , Plans David 
Published: January 2020

Background
University students in the United Kingdom are experiencing increasing levels of anxiety. A program designed to increase awareness of one’s present levels of well-being and suggest personalized health behaviors may reduce anxiety and improve mental well-being in students. The efficacy of a digital version of such a program, providing biofeedback and therapeutic content based on personalized well-being metrics, is reported here.

Objective
The aim of this study was to test the efficacy and sustained effects of using a mobile app (BioBase) and paired wearable device (BioBeam), compared with a waitlist control group, on anxiety and well-being in university students with elevated levels of anxiety and stress.

Methods
The study employed a randomized, waitlist-controlled trial with assessments at baseline, 2 weeks, postintervention (4 weeks), and follow-up (6 weeks). Participants were eligible if they were current full-time undergraduate students and (1) at least 18 years of age, (2) scored >14 points on the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items (DASS-21) stress subscale or >7 points on the DASS-21 anxiety subscale, (3) owned an iOS mobile phone, (4) did not have any previous psychiatric or neurological conditions, (6) were not pregnant at the time of testing, and (7) were able to read and understand English. Participants were encouraged to use BioBase daily and complete at least one course of therapeutic content. A P value ≤.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
We found that a 4-week intervention with the BioBase program significantly reduced anxiety and increased perceived well-being, with sustained effects at a 2-week follow-up. Furthermore, a significant reduction in depression levels was found following the 4-week usage of BioBase.

Conclusions
This study shows the efficacy of a biofeedback digital intervention in reducing self-reported anxiety and increasing perceived well-being in UK university students. Results suggest that digital mental health interventions could constitute a novel approach to treat stress and anxiety in students, which could be combined or integrated with existing therapeutic pathways.

Trial Registration
Open Science Framework (OSF.io) 2zd45; https://osf.io/2zd45/
Pembasmi Obligat Hama Tikus Dari Ampas Teh Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Tingkat Mortalitas Rattus norvegicus
Authors: Amila Hadita , Afifah Nurul , Ramaidhani Ramaidhani , Fitriani Fitriani 
Published: January 2020

Rat as one of the important pests that attackcrops in Indonesia. This pest attacks food crops in all phases of growth so that it can cause a considerable decrease in crop yields. So it is necessary to eradicate rat pests by using politicians from tea pulp. The purpose of this study was to determine how the influence of political use on rat growth and mortality. The design used is RAL which consists of 5 treatments, namely 0 ml/L, 3 ml/L, 6 ml/L, 9 ml/L, and 12 ml/L. The parameters observed were: mortality, weight, and appetite for mice. Data analysis using ANOVA at 5% significance level and continued with DMRT. The results showed that there was an influence of obligat rat pest use on body weight, appetite, and mortality of mice, obligat rat pest who effectively increased mortality reduced rat body weight, rat appetite and rat mortality in the treatment of 12 ml/L.
Edible Film dari Karaginan (Eucheuma cottonii) Asal Aceh, Indonesia : Karakterisasi dengan FTIR dan SEM
Authors: Nasution Reni Silvia , Harahap Muhammad Ridwan , Yahya Husnawati 
Published: January 2020

Edible film karaginan merupakan salah satu alternatif pengganti kemasan plastik yang sulit terdegradasi di alam dan aman bagi bahan pangan. Karaginan merupakan hasil ekstraksi salah satu jenis rumput laut yaitu Eucheuma cottonii. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gugus fungsi dari edible film dengan variasi konsentrasi karaginan dan sifat permukaan dari edible film karaginan dengan SEM. Pemanfaatan karaginan hasil ekstraksi E.cottonii asal Aceh untuk pembuatan edible film diharapkan dapat meningkatkan potensi budidaya E.cottonii di Aceh. Tahapan penelitian dilakukan dengan dua tahap, tahap pertama proses ekstraksi karaginan dari E. cottonii dengan penggunaan KOH 14% dan tahap kedua pembuatan edible film dengan varisi konsentrasi karaginan 0,1%; 0,2%; 0,3% (b/v) dengan penambahan PEG sebagai plasticizer. Hasil FTIR menunjukkan gugus fungsi ester sulfat, ikatan glikosidik, 3,6 anhidro-d-galaktosa, gugus OH dan CH dengan bilangan gelombang berturut-turut pada rentang 1246,36-1246,9 cm-1 , 1072-1074 cm-1, 932-934 cm-1, 3370- 3382 cm-1, dan 2876-2880 cm-1. Perubahan bilangan gelombang edible film karaginan dibandingkan dengan FTIR karaginan hasil ekstraksi pada penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara karaginan dengan plasticizer PEG yang ditambahkan. Pengujian morfologi pada edible film pada konsentrasi karaginan 0,1% dan 0,2% dengan SEM menunjukkan permukaan yang homogen dan kontinyu, sedangkan pada konsentrasi 0,3% edible film tidak terbentuk.
Sobre o interesse sentimental para o ingênuo em Schiller a partir de uma nota sobre Kant
Authors: Cecchinato Giorgia 
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo aprofundar a compreensão do conceito de “ingênuo” em Schiller. Mais precisamente pretende-se enfocar o significado e a importância da arte ingênua em relação ao papel formador da arte em geral. Para fazer isso confrontou-se o conceito de ingênuo com a complexa noção kantiana de interesse, retomada de modo indireto no escrito “Sobre a poesia ingênua e sentimental” e apontou-se á importância da teoria dos impulsos de Fichte no desenvolvimento da estética de Schiller.
Diction And Contextualization of The Jews Verses In The Holy Qurâ€™an; Text, Translation And Commentary of Abdullah Yusuf Ali
Authors: Mardhatillah Masyithah 
Published: January 2020

This paper explores how Abdullah Yusuf Ali interpreted the Jews in his tafseer book; The Holy Qurâ€™an: Text, Translation and Commentary. His interpretation becomes worth to discuss due to his profile as a Moslem officer of Great Britain which politically supported the contemporary Jews in Israel. Additionally, Yusuf Ali was the big fan of the concept of inter-faith dialogue. On the other hand, he was so proud of being a Moslem so that he wrote an English translation and commentary of the Koran in order international society can understand Islam well. This paper is going to show how Yusuf Ali put himself as a Moslem and at the same time, a Britain officer, (and also admirer) who also lived in non-Moslem milieus. The discussion will explore two parts. The first one is the diction(s) used by Yusuf Ali to interpret the Jews verses, while the second is the contemporary contextualization on his interpretation on Jews verses into nowadays life. Using library research method through primary and secondary references combined with a hermeneutical approach, this paper comes to the following conclusion. First, there found five dictions to mention the Jews at the Jews verses, which are Jews, those who followed the Jewish law, those that stand on Judaism, those who follow the spirit of Moses and those who follow the Jewish scripture. Â Second, by the diverse diction, Yusuf Ali implied that The Jews is all about the spirit and physical action of individual instead of religious institution or affiliation.
Qital: Reinterpretasi Pendekatan Humanis
Authors: Rahmawati Ana , Laila Azzah Nor 
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari sisi humanis pada lafadz qital (perintah untuk perang) dalam Islam. Menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan kajian pustaka penulis menemukan sejumlah perintah qital dalam Islam. Dan berdasarkan hasil analisis disebutkan bahwa kata qital merupakan masdar dari kata qatala yang memiliki arti pertempuran atau peperangan. Terdapat dua istilah yang sering menimbulkan pahaman yang kurang tepat yaitu antara kata al-qital dengan al-qatl keduanya terlihat sama namun keduanya memiliki arti dan definisi yang jelas berbeda. Al-qital berarti peperangan atau pertempuran yang didefinisikan dengan adanya dua pihak yang keduanya saling menyerang serta mengupayakan pembunuhan untuk melawan upaya dari pihak lawan. Berbeda dengan makna al-qatl yang berarti pembunuhan yang didefinisikan sebagai upaya membunuh pihak lain. Perintah qital dalam Islam dapat dianalisa sebagai perintah berperang dalam upaya mempertahankan diri dari serangan musuh atau untuk menahan serta menghentikan serangan dari musuh, bukan berarti pembunuhan.Kata kunci: Â qital, peperangan, sejarah Islam, penafsiran, hadits