bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of religiousness on attitudes towards religious others
Authors: Höllinger Franz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBased on data from the Austrian Social Survey 2018, this article analyzes to what extent attitudes towards religious others are influenced by one’s relationship with religion. Five aspects of religiosity and attitudes to religion are taken into account: church-related religiosity (religious belief and practice), spirituality (engagement with alternative spiritual methods), religious fundamentalism, positive or negative perceptions of the role of religion in society, and religious denomination. The key findings are: engagement with spiritual methods and viewing religion as beneficial for society correlate with positive ratings of religious others. People with fundamentalist religious convictions are less open to religious others. Members of religious minorities in Austria (Protestants, Orthodox Christians and Muslims) have more positive attitudes to religious others than members of the dominant Catholic Church. How members of different world religions are rated depends on whether the religion in question is perceived as undogmatic and peaceful or as fundamentalist and intolerant in the public discourse.
The structure of social capital in Austria: Subjective and objective determinants
Authors: Liedl Bernd , Fritsch Nina-Sophie , Wiesböck Laura , Verwiebe Roland 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper seeks to address the relationship between social capital and perceived social origin in contemporary Austria. While the concept of social capital has been widely adopted in social sciences, so far research on the (pre)structured shape of social capital by social origin is scarce. Our aim is to close this gap. Therefore, we use the network-as-capital approach by following the “position generator” and apply latent class analysis (LCA) and path modelling on the basis of the 2018 Austrian Social Survey. The dataset comprises a representative sample of the Austrian residential population aged 18 and older. Our findings show that the diversity of social capital, and access to networks of people in more highly ranked positions is strongly influenced by one’s social background. The higher respondents assess their social origin, the greater the probability of being in this type of network. Furthermore, education and occupation have effects on membership in a class-specific network.
An enquiry into the importance of the perceived positional, moral and emotional recognition for social integration in Austria
Authors: Eder Anja , Hadler Markus , Moosbrugger Robert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConsidering the social disintegration approach of Wilhelm Heitmeyer and colleagues, this contribution explores three different dimensions of perceived recognition—positional, moral, and emotional recognition—among the Austrian population. The main purpose is to identify social groups that do not feel recognized and thus could be affected by social disintegration. The analysis is based on data from the Austrian Social Survey (SSÖ), a random 2018 sample of 1200 respondents that is representative of the population aged 18 and above. Based on an explorative latent class analysis, we are able to identify four distinct groups: poorly recognized, emotionally unrecognized, positionally unrecognized, and entirely recognized. Our contribution shows that the latter is the largest group in Austria, even though this group of almost entirely recognized respondents is not convinced that they have an impact on Austrian politics.
Wie wirkt kongruente Text-Bild-Sprache auf Glaubwürdigkeit und Handlungsabsichten in der Integrationsdebatte?
Authors: Lock Irina 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungBilder gewinnen in der Online-Kommunikation von Organisationen an Bedeutung, werden jedoch in ihrem Kontext rezipiert. In einem Online-Experiment wurde daher getestet, inwieweit inhaltlich passende multimodale Organisationskommunikation die wahrgenommene Glaubwürdigkeit erhöht und Täuschung mindert und ob sie dadurch die Absicht, sich zivilgesellschaftlich zu engagieren, beeinflusst. In einem 2 (Regierungsorganisation vs. zivilgesellschaftliche Organisation) × 3 (kongruent vs. inkongruent vs. textbasiert)-Between-Subjects-Experiment mit Teilnehmern des SoSci-Panels (N = 406) wurden die Internetseiten der Bertelsmann Stiftung und des Bundesinnenministeriums zu Migration und Integration manipuliert und dabei der Einfluss von Bedrohungswahrnehmungen durch Migration einbezogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass kongruente Text-Bild-Sprache positiv auf Handlungsabsichten wirkt, weil sie als glaubwürdig wahrgenommen wird. Wenn die gefühlte Bedrohung durch Zuwanderung hoch ist, fällt der positive Wahrnehmungseffekt geringer aus. Personen sind eher geneigt zu handeln, wenn die Kommunikation von einer zivilgesellschaftlichen Organisation stammt. Dieser Effekt hängt mit der unterschiedlichen Daseinsberechtigung von Regierungs- und zivilgesellschaftlichen Organisationen zusammen. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung glaubwürdiger Kommunikation für eine funktionierende Demokratie.
Moisture content thresholds for ignition and rate of fire spread for various dead fuels in northeast forest ecosystems of China
Authors: Masinda Maombi Mbusa , Sun Long , Wang Guangyu , Hu Tongxin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFuel moisture content is one of the important factors that determine ignition probability and fire behaviour in forest ecosystems. In this study, ignition and fire spread moisture content thresholds of 40 dead fuel were performed in laboratory experiments, with a focus on the source of ignition and wind speed. Variability in fuel moisture content at time of ignition and during fire spread was observed for different fuels. Matches were more efficient to result in ignition and spread fire with high values of fuel moisture content compared to the use of cigarette butts. Some fuels did not ignite at 15% moisture content, whereas others ignited at 40% moisture content and fire spread at 38% moisture content in the case of matches, or ignited at 27% moisture content and spread fire at 25% moisture content using cigarette butts. A two-way ANOVA showed that both the source of ignition and the wind speed affected ignition and fire spread threshold significantly, but there was no interaction between these factors. The relationship between ignition and fire spread was strong, with R2 = 98% for cigarette butts, and 92% for matches. Further information is needed, especially on the density of fuels, fuel proportion (case of mixed fuels), fuel age, and fuel combustibility.
Latent Tuberculosis and HIV Infection
Authors: Bares Sara H. , Swindells Susan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Tuberculosis is the number one infectious killer of people with HIV worldwide, but it can be both prevented and treated. Prevention of tuberculosis by screening for and treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), along with the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), is the key component of HIV care.

Recent Findings
While access to ART has increased worldwide, uptake and completion of LTBI treatment regimens among people living with HIV (PWH) are very poor. Concomitant TB-preventive therapy and ART are complex because of drug–drug interactions, but these can be managed. Recent clinical trials of shorter preventive regimens have demonstrated safety and efficacy in PWH with higher completion rates. More research is needed to guide TB-preventive therapy in children and in pregnant women, and for drug-resistant TB (DR-TB).

Summary
Antiretroviral therapy and tuberculosis-preventive treatment regimens can be optimized to avoid drug–drug interactions, decrease pill burden and duration, and minimize side effects in order to increase adherence and treatment completion rates among PWH and LTBI.
High Expression of NEK2 and PIM1, but Not PIM3, Is Linked to an Aggressive Phenotype of Bronchopulmonary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Motylewska Ewelina , Braun Marcin , Stępień Henryk 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDysregulations of the NEK2 and PIM1-3 kinase signaling axes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several cancers, including those with a neuroendocrine phenotype. However, their impact on bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (BP-NENs) has not been investigated. The aim of this pilot study was to determine mRNA and protein levels of NEK2, PIM1, and PIM3 in a group of 49 patients with BP-NENs: 11 typical carcinoids, 5 atypical carcinoids, 11 large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, 22 small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC). The expression was measured using TaqMan-based RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. NEK2 and PIM1 mRNA levels were higher in the SCLC patients than in the other BP-NEN groups (p < 0.001). There was an association between NEK2 mRNA and protein expression (p = 0.023) and elevated NEK2 mRNA levels were related to reduced survival in BP-NEN patients (p = 0.015). Patients with higher PIM1 protein expression had also diminished survival comparing with those with weak or no PIM1 expression (p = 0.037). Elevated NEK2 and PIM1 expression were related to aggressive tumor phenotype and indirectly affected the overall survival of BP-NEN patients. Our pilot study supports the need for future investigation of the biological function of NEK2 and PIM1 in BP-NEN transformation to verify the clinical value of our findings.
The nature, type, and origin of diagenetic fluids and their control on the evolving porosity of the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulak Formation dolostone, northwestern Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Liu Pei-Xian , Deng Shi-Biao , Guan Ping , Jin Yi-Qiu , Wang Kai , Chen Yong-Quan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe study on Lower Cambrian dolostones in Tarim Basin can improve our understanding of ancient and deeply buried carbonate reservoirs. In this research, diagenetic fluid characteristics and their control on porosity evolution have been revealed by studying the petrography and in situ geochemistry of different dolomites. Three types of diagenetic fluids were identified: (1) Replacive dolomites were deviated from shallow burial dolomitizing fluids, which might probably be concentrated ancient seawater at early stage. (2) Fine-to-medium crystalline, planar-e diamond pore-filling dolomites (Fd1) were likely slowly and sufficiently crystallized from deep-circulating crustal hydrothermal fluids during Devonian. (3) Coarse crystalline, non-planar-a saddle pore-filling dolomites (Fd2) might rapidly and insufficiently crystallize from magmatic hydrothermal fluids during Permian. Early dolomitizing fluids did not increase the porosity, but transformed the primary pores to dissolution pores through dolomitization. Deep-circulating crustal hydrothermal fluids significantly increased porosity in the early stages by dissolving and then slightly decreased the porosity in the late stage due to Fd1 precipitation. Magmatic hydrothermal fluids only precipitated the Fd2 dolomites and slightly decreased the porosity. In summary, Devonian deep-circulating crustal hydrothermal fluids dominated the porosity evolution of the Lower Cambrian dolostone reservoir in the Tarim Basin.
Infective endocarditis in the Netherlands: current epidemiological profile and mortality
Authors: El Kadi S. , van den Buijs D. M. F. , Meijers T. , Gilbers M. D. , Bekkers S. C. A. M. , van Melle J. P. , Riezebos R. K. , Blok W. L. , Tanis W. , Wahadat A. R. , Roos-Hesselink J. W. , van der Spoel T. I. G. , Chamuleau S. A. J. , Kamp O. ,   EURO ENDO Investigators group
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with a high in-hospital and long term mortality. Although progress has been made in diagnostic approach and management of IE, morbidity and mortality of IE remain high. In the latest European guidelines, the importance of the multi-modality imaging in diagnosis and follow up of IE is emphasized.

Aim
The aim was to provide information regarding mortality and adverse events of IE, to determine IE characteristics and to assess current use of imaging in the diagnostic workup of IE.

Methods
This is a prospective observational cohort study. We used data from the EURO-ENDO registry. Seven hospitals in the Netherlands have participated and included patients with IE between April 2016 and April 2018.

Results
A total of 139 IE patients were included. Prosthetic valve endocarditis constituted 32.4% of the cases, cardiac device related IE 7.2% and aortic root prosthesis IE 3.6%. In-hospital mortality was 14.4% (20 patients) and one-year mortality was 21.6% (30 patients). The incidence of embolic events under treatment was 16.5%, while congestive heart failure or cardiogenic shock occurred in 15.1% of the patients. Transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography were performed most frequently (97.8%; 81.3%) and within 3 days after IE suspicion, followed by 18F‑fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (45.3%) within 6 days and multi-slice computed tomography (42.4%) within 7 days.

Conclusion
We observed a high percentage of prosthetic valve endocarditis, rapid and extensive use of imaging and a relatively low in-hospital and one-year mortality of IE in the Netherlands. Limitations include possible selection bias.
Detection of Leptospirosis Bacteria in Rodent Urine by Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Using Graphene
Authors: Raikwar Surjeet , Prajapati Y. K. , Srivastava D. K. , Maurya J. B. , Saini J. P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a graphene-coated surface plasmon resonance sensor is designed for the examination of Rodent urine which is responsible for Leptospirosis bacteria. Rodent urine is considered as sensing medium. Graphene surface is activated by phosphate-buffered saline solution for better attachment of Leptospirosis bacteria on its surface. Oliguria and Polyuria are the Rodent urine with high and low concentrations of Leptospirosis bacteria, respectively. The transfer matrix method is used for the formulation of reflection intensity of p-polarized light. The reflectance curves for angular interrogation are plotted and the results are obtained in terms of sensitivity, detection accuracy, and quality factor. The significantly high sensitivity and detection accuracy for Oliguria distinguishes it from Polyuria having lower sensitivity.
Preliminary 3D printing of large inclined-shaped alumina ceramic parts by direct ink writing
Authors: Yang Liangliang , Zeng Xiaojun , Ditta Allah , Feng Bo , Su Lizhong , Zhang Yue 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThree dimensional (3D) printing technology by direct ink writing (DIW) is an innovative complex shaping technology, possessing advantages of flexibility in fabrication, high efficiency, low cost, and environmental-friendliness. Herein, 3D printing of complex alumina ceramic parts via DIW using thermally induced solidification with carrageenan swelling was investigated. The rheological properties of the slurry under different thermally-induced modes were systematically studied. The solidification properties of thermally-induced pastes with varying contents of carrageenan were optimized. The experimental results showed that the optimized paste consisting of 0.4 wt% carrageenan could be rapidly solidified at about 55 °C, which could print inclined-plane more than 60° in vertical without support, resulting in better homogeneity of the green body. A nearly pore-free structure was obtained after sintering at 1600 °C for 2 h.
LACE index predicts age-specific unplanned readmissions and mortality after hospital discharge
Authors: Heppleston Erica , Fry Christopher H. , Kelly Kevin , Shepherd Beth , Wright Ria , Jones Gareth , Robin Jonathan , Murray Paul , Fluck David , Han Thang S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The LACE index scoring tool (Length of stay, Acuity of admission, Co-morbidities and Emergency department visits) has been designed to predict hospital readmissions. We evaluated the ability of the LACE index to predict age-specific frequent admissions and mortality.

Methods
Analysis of prospectively collected data of alive-discharge episodes between 01/04/2017 and 31/03/2019 in an NHS hospital. Data on 14,878 men and 17,392 women of mean age 64.0 years, SD = 20.5, range 18.0–106.7 years were analysed. The association of the LACE index with frequency of all-cause readmissions within 28 days of discharge and over a 2-year period, and with all-cause mortality within 30 days or within 6 months after discharge from hospital were evaluated.

Results
Within LACE index scores of 0–4, 5–9 or ≥ 10, the proportions of readmission ≥ 2 times within 28 days of discharge were 0.1, 1.3 and 9.2% (χ2 = 3070, p < 0.001) and over a 2-year period were 1.7, 4.8 and 19.1% (χ2 = 3364, p < 0.001). Compared with a LACE index score of 0–4, a score ≥ 10 increased the risk (adjusted for age, sex and frequency of admissions) of death within 6 months of discharge by 6.8-fold (5.1–9.0, p < 0.001) among all ages, and most strongly in youngest individuals (18.0–49.9 years): adjusted odds ratio = 16.1 (5.7–45.8, p < 0.001). For those aged 50–59.9, 60–69.9, 70–79.9 and ≥ 80 years, odds ratios reduced progressively to 9.6, 7.7, 5.1 and 2.3, respectively. Similar patterns were observed for the association of LACE index with mortality within 30 days of hospital discharge.

Conclusions
The LACE index predicts short-term and long-term frequent admissions and short-term and medium-term mortality, most pronounced among younger individuals, after hospital discharge.
QSAR and molecular docking based design of some indolyl-3-ethanone-α-thioethers derivatives as Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) inhibitors
Authors: Ibrahim Zakari Ya’u , Uzairu Adamu , Shallangwa Gideon , Abechi Stephen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMalaria, a disease caused by one of the world’s fatal parasitesPlasmodium falciparum,is responsible for over a million death annually.P. falciparumdihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) is a validated target of this deadly parasite. Quantitative structure–activity relationship and molecular docking in silico methods were employed in the discovery of unique PfDHODH inhibitors from the computational design derivatives of indolyl-3-ethanone-α-thioethers through models generation via a genetic function algorithm methods. The best model indicates good power of prediction with coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.9482, adjusted coefficient of determination ($${\text{R}}_{\text{adj}}^{2}$$Radj2) = 0.9288, Leave one out cross-validation coefficient (Q2) = 0.9201 and the external validation ($${\text{R}}_{\text{pred}}^{2}$$Rpred2) = 0.6467. The contribution of every descriptor in the model was investigated through finding their mean effect to (pIC50) the activities of the compounds. With MATS5m (− 0.11725), RDF75m (− 0.12097), VE3_Dzp (0.14697), and MLFER_BH (1.08528) contributing more to the model, while AATSC8p (− 0.04833) and minHBa (0.05430) contributed the least to the model. Hence, the mean effect indicated MLFER_BH to be the most relevant descriptor, which aided the design of five derivatives of indolyl-3-ethanone-α-thioethers. All the designed antimalarial compounds were deeply docked within the binding region thereby forming several hydrogens and hydrophobic bonds leading to the generation of better binding affinity and high binding scores (− 156.181 kcal/mol) compared to the design template (− 138.201 kcal/mol) and the standard drug (− 128.467 kcal/mol). Furthermore, all the five designed antimalarial compounds were found to be better bonded to the binding pocket of PfDHODH than other compounds reported by other researchers.
Public Interest in Preventive Measures of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Associated With Timely Issuance of Statewide Stay-at-Home Orders
Authors: Greiner Benjamin , Ottwell Ryan , Vassar Matt , Hartwell Micah 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTIntroduction:One method of monitoring public preparedness is through measuring public interest in preventive measures. The objective of this study was to analyze public interest in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preventive measures and to identify variables associated with timely stay-at-home (SAH) orders issued by governors.Methods:State-level search volume was collected from Google Trends. Average preventive measure interest was calculated for the query terms “hand sanitizer,” “hand washing,” “social distancing,” and “COVID testing.” We then calculated the delay in statewide SAH orders from March 1, 2020, to the date of issuance and by-state presidential voting percentage. Bivariate correlations were computed to assess the relationship between interest in preventive measures and SAH order delay.Results:The correlation between average preventive measure interest and length of time before the SAH order was placed was −0.47. Average preventive measure interest was also inversely related to voting for a Republican presidential nominee in the 2016 election (R = −0.75), the latter of which was positively associated with longer delays in SAH orders (R = 0.48).Conclusions:States with greater public interest in COVID-19 preventive measures were inversely related to governor issuance of timely SAH orders. Increasing public interest in preventive measures may slow the spread of the virus that causes COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), by improving preparedness.
Fosamine ammonium impacts on the targeted invasive shrubRhamnus catharticaand non-target herbs
Authors: Schuster Michael J. , Bockenstedt Paul , Wragg Peter D. , Reich Peter B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFosamine ammonium (Krenite®) is a foliar herbicide that primarily targets woody plant species; however, formal evaluations of its efficacy and potential for non-target impacts are scarce in the literature. The few tests of fosamine ammonium that exist focus primarily on its use in open environments, and the value of fosamine ammonium in controlling invasive understory shrubs is unclear. Here, we test the impact of fosamine ammonium on invasive common buckthorn (Rhamnus catharticaL.) and co-occurring herbaceous plants across six forest sites in Minnesota, USA.Rhamnus catharticatreated with fosamine ammonium had a 95% mortality rate, indicating high efficacy of fosamine ammonium for use againstR. cathartica. Non-target impacts varied between forbs and graminoids such that forb cover was reduced by up to 85%, depending on site, whereas graminoid cover was sparse and impacts of fosamine ammonium on graminoids were unclear. These results indicate that while fosamine ammonium can provide effective control ofR. catharticaand other understory shrubs, there is potential for significant non-target impacts following its use. We therefore suggest that land managers carefully consider the timing, rate, and application method of fosamine ammonium to achieve desired target and non-target impacts.
United against precarious working conditions? Explaining the role of trade unions in improving migrants’ working conditions in the British and German meat-processing industries
Authors: Kuhlmann Johanna , Vogeler Colette S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe literature has described trade unions’ positions towards both precarious workers and migrant workers as ambivalent. By studying an extreme case, the meat-processing industries in the United Kingdom and in Germany, we show how trade unions were decisive in both countries in bringing exploitative working conditions on the political agenda and in advancing policy change. However, the strategies through which trade unions contributed to this differed remarkably, highlighting different causal pathways in both countries. The British case can clearly be seen as an example of successful union revitalisation by relying on innovative strategies. In contrast, the German story exhibits a strong reliance on a more traditional approach to improving workers’ rights, which was only successful after employers were willing to improve working conditions in the sector as well. Our analysis shows that policy change can happen despite unfavourable conditions and weak actors, especially if these actors make strategic use of situational conditions.