bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonperturbative matching between equal-time and lightcone quantization
Authors: Fitzpatrick A. Liam , Katz Emanuel , Walters Matthew T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigate the nonperturbative relation between lightcone (LC) and standard equal-time (ET) quantization in the context of λϕ4 theory in d = 2. We discuss the perturbative matching between bare parameters and the failure of its naive nonperturbative extension. We argue that they are nevertheless the same theory nonperturbatively, and that furthermore the nonperturbative map between bare parameters can be extracted from ET perturbation theory via Borel resummation of the mass gap. We test this map by using it to compare physical quantities computed using numerical Hamiltonian truncation methods in ET and LC.
Multi-Regge limit of the two-loop five-point amplitudes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super Yang-Mills and $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 8 supergravity
Authors: Caron-Huot Simon , Chicherin Dmitry , Henn Johannes , Zhang Yang , Zoia Simone 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In previous work, the two-loop five-point amplitudes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supergravity were computed at symbol level. In this paper, we compute the full functional form. The amplitudes are assembled and simplified using the analytic expressions of the two-loop pentagon integrals in the physical scattering region. We provide the explicit functional expressions, and a numerical reference point in the scattering region. We then calculate the multi-Regge limit of both amplitudes. The result is written in terms of an explicit transcendental function basis. For certain non-planar colour structures of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills amplitude, we perform an independent calculation based on the BFKL effective theory. We find perfect agreement. We comment on the analytic properties of the amplitudes.
Small Perturbations for Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations with
Magnetic Potential
Authors: Zhang Youpei , Tang Xianhua , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe are concerned with the qualitative analysis of solutions for three
classes of nonlinear problems driven by the magnetic Laplace operator. We are
mainly interested in the perturbation effects created by two reaction terms with
different structure. Two equations are studied on bounded domains (under Dirichlet
boundary condition) while the third problem is on the entire Euclidean space.
Our main results establish that if a certain perturbation is sufficiently small (in
a prescribed sense) then the problems have at least two distinct solutions in a
related magnetic Sobolev space. The proofs combine variational, topological and
analytic methods.
Aurora kinase inhibition sensitizes melanoma cells to T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Authors: Punt Simone , Malu Shruti , McKenzie Jodi A. , Manrique Soraya Zorro , Doorduijn Elien M. , Mbofung Rina M. , Williams Leila , Silverman Deborah A. , Ashkin Emily L. , Dominguez Ana Lucía , Wang Zhe , Chen Jie Qing , Maiti Sourindra N. , Tieu Trang N. , Liu Chengwen , Xu Chunyu , Forget Marie-Andrée , Haymaker Cara , Khalili Jahan S. , Satani Nikunj , Muller Florian , Cooper Laurence J. N. , Overwijk Willem W. , Amaria Rodabe N. , Bernatchez Chantale , Heffernan Timothy P. , Peng Weiyi , Roszik Jason , Hwu Patrick 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough immunotherapy has achieved impressive durable clinical responses, many cancers respond only temporarily or not at all to immunotherapy. To find novel, targetable mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy, patient-derived melanoma cell lines were transduced with 576 open reading frames, or exposed to arrayed libraries of 850 bioactive compounds, prior to co-culture with autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The synergy between the targets and TILs to induce apoptosis, and the mechanisms of inhibiting resistance to TILs were interrogated. Gene expression analyses were performed on tumor samples from patients undergoing immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma. Finally, the effect of inhibiting the top targets on the efficacy of immunotherapy was investigated in multiple preclinical models. Aurora kinase was identified as a mediator of melanoma cell resistance to T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in both complementary screens. Aurora kinase inhibitors were validated to synergize with T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. The Aurora kinase inhibition-mediated sensitivity to T-cell cytotoxicity was shown to be partially driven by p21-mediated induction of cellular senescence. The expression levels of Aurora kinase and related proteins were inversely correlated with immune infiltration, response to immunotherapy and survival in melanoma patients. Aurora kinase inhibition showed variable responses in combination with immunotherapy in vivo, suggesting its activity is modified by other factors in the tumor microenvironment. These data suggest that Aurora kinase inhibition enhances T-cell cytotoxicity in vitro and can potentiate antitumor immunity in vivo in some but not all settings. Further studies are required to determine the mechanism of primary resistance to this therapeutic intervention.
Macromastia: an economic burden? A disease cost analysis based on real-world data in Germany
Authors: Jud Sebastian M. , Brendle-Behnisch Anne , Hack Carolin C. , Preuss Caroline , Arkudas Andreas , Horch Raymund E. , Beckmann Matthias W. , Lux Michael P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Symptomatic macromastia causes physical and psychological problems that can lead to restrictions in the patients’ social and working lives and a reduced quality of life. Associated medical treatments also have a considerable impact on health-care costs. Several studies have assessed these costs, but the total disease costs of macromastia have never been evaluated on the basis of real-world data.

Methods
The data for 76 patients who underwent reduction mammoplasty between 2008 and 2016 were collected using a two-part questionnaire (preoperative and postoperative), as well as the patient files. Topics surveyed, besides demographic data, included physician visits, medical imaging, medical procedures, medical treatments, rehabilitation and convalescent measures, drug intake, medical aids, exercise activity, and sick leave days before surgery, to calculate the costs per year of conservative treatment of symptomatic macromastia.

Results
The mean time from start of symptoms to surgery was 11.82 years. The data for this group of patients with symptomatic macromastia show that costs per patient amount to €1677.55 per year. These costs include medical consultation, radiological imaging, medical treatments and procedures, physical therapy and rehabilitation, medication, special brassieres, exercise classes costs for sick leave due to problems with macromastia, and travel expenses.

Conclusions
These results show that considerable health-care costs arise due to macromastia with conservative treatment. Overall, macromastia costs €1677.55 per patient/year. In particular, lost productivity due to sick days and the costs of physiotherapy are factors driving the high costs.
Verringerung des Abfallaufkommens im Convenience-Food-Bereich – Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen pfandbasierter Mehrwegbehälter
Authors: Kornthaler Dominik , Bockreis Anke 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Convenience-Food-Bereich und die entsprechenden Dienstleistungen nehmen zu. Ein Großteil der entsprechenden Produkte wird in Einwegverpackungen angeboten oder angeliefert. Dementsprechend wächst auch der Abfallberg aus diesen Einwegverpackungen weiter. Beispiele aus der Literatur und anhand von Unternehmen zur Verfügung gestellter oder öffentlich zugänglicher Informationen zeigen dies gleichermaßen auf. Nicht nur Kunststoffe, sondern auch andere Materialien tragen zur Problematik bei. Reglementierungen für Kunststoffeinwegprodukte vernachlässigen also einen großen Teil der Problematik, da auch die Kunststoffalternativen der Einwegprodukte an der zunehmenden Abfallmenge beteiligt sind. Vermeidung von Einwegprodukten stellt im Sinne der nachhaltigen Ressourcen-Nutzung, der Vermeidung des Litterings sowie der hohen Abfallentsorgungs- und Behandlungskosten die effizienteste Zukunftsstrategie dar. Deshalb werden Mehrwegbehälter für verschiedene Anwendungen im Convenience-Food-Bereich als zukunftsträchtige Alternative angesehen. Beispielsweise können pfandbasierte Mehrwegsysteme theoretisch mehr als 90 % des jährlich anfallenden Verpackungsabfalls aus dem Take-away verhindern. In der Praxis sind es jedoch unter 10 %. Zusätzlich können durch die Etablierung solcher kreislaufwirtschaftlicher Systeme Arbeitsplätze generiert werden. Die Potenziale pfandbasierter Mehrwegsysteme in Bezug auf Abfallvermeidung und Arbeitsmarkt stehen den Herausforderungen gegenüber. Diese Herausforderungen betreffen sowohl das Bewusstsein der Konsument*innen und des Verkaufspersonals, als auch systemimmanente Voraussetzungen. So steht zum Beispiel nicht überall genügend Platz für die Reinigung und Lagerung der Mehrwegbehälter zur Verfügung. Für eine erfolgreiche Nutzung pfandbasierter Mehrwegsysteme müssen also einige Voraussetzungen erfüllt werden.Abschließend ist es das Material der Mehrwegbehälter, das ebenfalls einen großen Einfluss auf die künftige, flächendeckende Nutzung von Mehrweg- statt Einwegbehältern nehmen wird. Insbesondere die Mikroplastikthematik stellt in diesem Zusammenhang eine noch ungeahnte und wenig erforschte Größe dar.
Über theoretische und reale Recyclingfähigkeit
Authors: Pomberger Roland 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungZukünftig sollte die Recyclingfähigkeit neu definiert werden. Erkennbarkeit und Sortierfähigkeit, aber auch die Eignung der Sammelsysteme sind unbedingt zu berücksichtigen. Die Prüfung der Recyclingfähigkeit soll auch durch experimentelle Tests abgesichert werden. In diesem Artikel werden das Stufenmodell der Recyclingfähigkeit und die Methode der Material-Nutzungszeit vorgestellt.Wenn wir zukünftig mehr und besser recyclingfähige Produkte in unseren abfallwirtschaftlichen Anlagen finden, werden wir technisch auch in der Lage sein, diese zu separieren und zu verwerten. Der Gesetzgeber ist aufgerufen, für diese Privilegierung von recyclingfähigen Produkten die geeigneten Rahmenbedingungen und Anreizsysteme zu schaffen. Ökomodulation ist dazu ein wirksames Mittel.
Scutellarin is Highly Likely to be Responsible for Drug-Drug Interactions Mediated by Hepatic Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide1B3
Authors: Liu Jianming , Guo Yongmei , Xu Yanqi , Yuan Li , Zhu Huiting 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Scutellarin, a flavonoid derived from the plant Erigeron breviscapus, is currently widely used to treat cerebrovascular diseases, liver-related diseases, and hyperlipidemia in china and other East Asian countries. This study was to investigate the effect of scutellarin on the uptake of rosuvastatin in HEK293T cells expressing human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (hOATP1B3) and rat OATP1B2 (rOATP1B2), respectively, and the effect of scutellarin on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in rats.

Methods
The newly established HEK293T cells expressing hOATP1B3 and rOATP1B2 were used to examine the effects of scutellarin and positive controls on in vitro rosuvastatin transport. After co-feeding with scutellarin, the rosuvastatin area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0–24h), the peak plasma drug concentration (Cmax), elimination half-life (t1/2), time to reach Cmax (tmax), clearance (CL) and apparent clearance (CL/F) of rosuvastatin were determined in rats.

Results
Scutellarin inhibited hOATP1B3- and rOATP1B2-mediated rosuvastatin uptake (IC50: 45.54 ± 6.67 μM and 27.58 ± 3.97 μM) in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. After co-feeding with scutellarin, the AUC0–24h and Cmax of rosuvastatin in rats increased to 27.4% and 37.7%, respectively. The t1/2 and tmax of rosuvastatin showed no significant change. Moreover, scutellarin caused 29.2% and 28.1% decrease in the CL and CL/F of rosuvastatin.

Conclusion
Scutellarin may inhibit the hOATP1B3- and rOATP1B2-mediated transport of rosuvastatin in vitro, and exerts a moderate inhibitory effect on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in rats. Scutellarin is highly likely to participate in drug-drug interactions, as mediated by OATP1B3 in humans.
Oxygen Adsorption, Subsurface Oxygen Layer Formation and Reaction with Hydrogen on Surfaces of a Pt–Rh Alloy Nanocrystal
Authors: Owczarek Sylwia , Lambeets Sten V. , Bryl Robert , Barroo Cédric , Croquet Olivier , Markowski Leszek , Visart de Bocarmé Thierry 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe oxygen adsorption and its catalytic reaction with hydrogen on Pt–Rh single crystals were studied at the nanoscale by Field Emission Microscopy (FEM) and Field Ion Microscopy (FIM) techniques at 700 K. Both FEM and FIM use samples prepared as sharp tips, apexes of which mimic a single nanoparticle of catalyst considering their similar size and morphology. Oxygen adsorption on Pt-17.4 at.%Rh samples leads to the formation of subsurface oxygen, which is manifested in the field emission (FE) patterns: for O2exposure of ~3 Langmuir (L), {113} planes appear bright in the emission pattern, while for higher oxygen doses, i.e. 84 L, the bright regions correspond to the high index planes between the {012} and {011} planes. Formation of subsurface oxygen is probably accompanied by a surface reconstruction of the nanocrystal. The subsurface oxygen can be effectively reacted off by subsequent exposure of the sample to hydrogen gas at 700 K. The hydrogenation reaction was observed as a sudden, eruptive change of the brightness seen on the FE pattern. This reaction resulted in the recovery of the initial field emission pattern characteristic of a clean tip, with {012} facets being the most visible. It was shown that the oxygen accumulation-reduction process is completely reversible. The obtained results indicate that the presence of subsurface species must be considered in the description of reactive processes on Pt–Rh catalysts.
A detection dog for obstructive sleep apnea: could it work in diagnostics?
Authors: Vaarno Jenni , Myller Jyri , Bachour Adel , Koskinen Heli , Bäck Leif , Klockars Tuomas , Koskinen Anni 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We have previously demonstrated that dogs can be trained to distinguish the urine of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) from that of healthy controls based on olfaction. Encouraged by these promising results, we wanted to investigate if a detection dog could work as a screening tool for OSA. The objective of this study was to prospectively assess the dogs’ ability to identify sleep apnea in patients with OSA suspicion.

Methods
Urine samples were collected from 50 patients suspected of having OSA. The urine sample was classified as positive for OSA when the patient had a respiratory event index of 5/h or more. The accuracy of two trained dogs in identifying OSA was tested in a prospective blinded setting.

Results
Both of the dogs correctly detected approximately half of the positive and negative samples. There were no statistically significant differences in the dogs’ ability to recognize more severe cases of OSA, as compared to milder cases.

Conclusion
According to our study, dogs cannot be used to screen for OSA in clinical settings, most likely due to the heterogenic nature of OSA.
Experimental Validation of the Attenuation Properties in the Sonic Range of Metaconcrete Containing Two Types of Resonant Inclusions
Authors: Briccola D. , Cuni M. , De Juli A. , Ortiz M. , Pandolfi A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Metaconcrete is a new concept of concrete, showing marked attenuation properties under impact and blast loading, where traditional aggregates are partially replaced by resonant bi-material inclusions. In a departure from conventional mechanical metamaterials, the inclusions are dispersed randomly as cast in the material. The behavior of metaconcrete at supersonic frequencies has been investigated theoretically and numerically and confirmed experimentally.

Objective
The feasibility of metaconcrete to achieve wave attenuation at low frequencies demands further experimental validation. The present study is directed at characterizing dynamically, in the range of the low sonic frequencies, the—possibly synergistic—effect of combinations of different types of inclusions on the attenuation properties of metaconcrete.

Methods
Dynamic tests are conducted on cylindrical metaconcrete specimens cast with two types of spherical inclusions, made of a steel core and a polymeric coating. The two inclusions differ in terms of size and coating material: type 1 inclusions are 22 mm diameter with 1.35 mm PDMS coating; type 2 inclusions are 24 mm diameter with 2 mm layer natural rubber coating. Linear frequency sweeps in the low sonic range (< 10 kHz), tuned to numerically estimated inclusion eigenfrequencies, are applied to the specimens through a mechanical actuator. The transmitted waves are recorded by transducers and Fast-Fourier transformed (FFT) to bring the attenuation spectrum of the material into full display.

Results
Amplitude reductions of transmitted signals are markedly visible for any metaconcrete specimens in the range of the inclusion resonant frequencies, namely, 3,400-3,500 Hz for the PDMS coating inclusions and near 3,200 Hz for the natural rubber coating inclusions. Specimens with mixed inclusions provide a rather uniform attenuation in a limited range of frequencies, independently of the inclusion density, while specimens with a single inclusion type are effective over larger frequency ranges. With respect to conventional concrete, metaconcrete reduces up to 90% the amplitude of the transmitted signal within the attenuation bands.

Conclusions
Relative to conventional concrete, metaconcrete strongly attenuates waves over frequency bands determined by the resonant frequencies of the inclusions. The present dynamical tests conducted in the sonic range of frequencies quantify the attenuation properties of the metaconcrete cast with two types inclusions, providing location, range and intensity of the attenuation bands, which are dependent on the physical-geometric features of the inclusions.
Experiences of using an activating spinal orthosis in women with osteoporosis and back pain in primary care
Authors: Alin Christina Kaijser , Frisendahl Nathalie , Kronhed Ann-Charlotte Grahn , Salminen Helena 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Summary

Women with osteoporosis and back pain took part in focus group interviews and described their experiences of using and handling an activating spinal orthosis. The women described the back orthosis as being like a “close friend”, a support in everyday life and a reminder to maintain a good posture.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe and gain a deeper understanding of the views of older women with osteoporosis and back pain seeking primary care regarding their use and handling of an activating spinal orthosis.

Method
We chose a qualitative method whereby information was gathered via focus group interviews and analysed using inductive content analysis. Women who previously participated in a randomised controlled trial and wore an activating spinal orthosis for 6 months were asked. Out of 31 women, 18 agreed to participate. Five focus group interviews were conducted.

Results
The analysis resulted in an overall theme in which the experiences of wearing the spinal orthosis were described as follows: “A well-adapted spinal orthosis could develop into a long-lasting friendship that provided support and help in daily life”. The overall theme was based on three main categories: impact on daily life, individual adaptation and personal relationship. The main categories were well differentiated from each other but had an interdependency. All three categories involved cases in which the spinal orthosis was perceived as relieving symptoms and making daily life easier, as well as when it was perceived as being hard to manage and provided no symptom relief.

Conclusion
In older women with osteoporosis and back pain, an activating spinal orthosis could be perceived as being a “close friend” and a support in everyday life. To facilitate acceptance of the spinal orthosis, it was important for it to be well adapted and for follow-ups to be carried out regularly.
Palliative Care in Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Beattie James M. , Higginson Irene J. , McDonagh Theresa A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Palliative care is increasingly acknowledged as beneficial in supporting patients and families affected by heart failure, but policy documents have generally focused on the chronic form of this disease. We examined palliative care provision for those with acute heart failure, based on the recently updated National Consensus Project Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care.

Recent Findings
The commonest reason for hospitalization in those > 65 years, acute heart failure admissions delineate crisis points on the unpredictable disease trajectory. Palliative care is underutilized, often perceived as limited to end-of-life care rather than determined by regular systematic needs assessment. No dominant paradigm of palliative care provision has emerged from the nascent evidence base related to this clinical cohort, underscoring the need for further research.

Summary
Embedding palliative support as mainstream to heart failure care from the point of diagnosis may better ensure treatment strategies for those admitted with acute heart failure remain consistent with patients’ preferences and values.
Hearing Efficiency in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Clinical Study
Authors: Shah J. S. , Lunagariya Nutan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOral Submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic insidious disease of oral mucosa that occurs due to areca-nut chewing, consumption of chillies, autoimmunity and genetic predisposition. The disease starts with burning sensation and inability to tolerate spicy foods with gradual reduction in mouth opening due to fibrosis of the oral mucosa. The extension of fibrosis into the naso pharynx leads to reduction in hearing efficiency. As very few studies had been done to evaluate the hearing disability in OSMF patients, this study had been undertaken to prove the same. To evaluate hearing efficiency in patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis of various grades of severity. Presentation includes 30 patients of osmf with various grades and evaluated for hearing efficacy by audiometry. Hearing threshold was compared in different grades of osmf. The present study revealed a significant association between OSMF and hearing deficit. Involvement of the palatal muscles with OSMF may decrease the patency of the Eustachian tube, leading to conductive hearing loss. Therefore, the protocol for managing OSMF patients should include ENT consultation and treatment for hearing deficit in order to increase the success rate of treatment.