bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forward modeling of galaxy kinematics in slitless spectroscopy
Authors: Outini M. , Copin Y. 
Published: November 2019

Context. Slitless spectroscopy has long been considered a complicated and confused technique. Nonetheless, with the advent of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) instruments, characterized by a low sky background level and a high spatial resolution (most notably WFC3), slitless spectroscopy has become an adopted survey tool to study galaxy evolution from space.
Aims. We aim to investigate its application to single-object studies to measure not only redshift and integrated spectral features, but also spatially-resolved quantities such as galaxy kinematics.
Methods. We built a complete forward model to quantitatively compare actual slitless observations. This model depends on a simplified thin cold disk galaxy description – including flux-distribution, intrinsic-spectrum, and kinematic parameters – and on the instrumental signature. It is used to improve redshifts and constrain basic rotation curve parameters, meaning the plateau velocity v0 (in km s−1) and the central velocity gradient w0 (in km s−1 arcsec−1).
Results. The model is tested on selected observations from 3D-HST and GLASS surveys to estimate redshift and kinematic parameters on several galaxies measured with one or more roll angles.
Conclusions. Our forward approach makes it possible to mitigate the self-contamination effect, a primary drawback of slitless spectroscopy, and therefore has the potential to increase precision on redshifts. In a limited sample of well-resolved spiral galaxies from HST surveys, it is possible to significantly constrain galaxy rotation curve parameters. This proof-of-concept work is promising for future large slitless spectroscopic surveys, such as Euclid and WFIRST.
The WASh Trial: water-assisted sigmoidoscopy in the English Bowel Scope Screening Programme: study protocol for a randomized multicenter trial
Authors: Beintaris Iosif , Esmaily Shiran , Saunders Brian P. , Rees Colin J. , Von Wagner Christian , Tsiamoulos Zacharias , Hoare Zoe , Evans Rachel , Yeo Seow Tien , Edwards R. T. , Larkin Tony , Veitch Andrew , Chilton Andrew , Bramble Michael G. , Deane Jill , Rutter Matthew D. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims The English National Bowel Scope Screening Programme (BSSP) invites 55-year-olds for a one-off, unsedated flexible sigmoidoscopy (FSIG). Data from BSSP participant-reported experience studies shows 1 in 3 participants report moderate or severe discomfort. Water-assisted colonoscopy (WAS) may improve participants’ comfort. The primary objective of this study is to ascertain if post-procedural participant-assessed pain is reduced in WAS compared with carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation, in invitees undergoing FSIG in BSSP.
Patients and methods This is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, two-arm, single-blinded trial designed to evaluate the performance of WAS versus CO2 insufflation in BSSP. Participants will be randomized to either CO2 or WAS and will be asked to rate pain post-procedure. Key procedure-related data will be analyzed, including adenoma detection rates (ADR) and degree of sigmoid looping. A cost-effectiveness analysis of WAS versus CO2 and a discrete choice experiment exploring preferences of participants for attributes of sigmoidoscopy will also be performed.
Discussion This is the first trial in the United Kingdom (UK) to investigate the effects of WAS in a screening setting. If the trial shows WAS either reduces pain or increases ADR, this may result in a practice change to implement WAS in screening and non-screening endoscopic practice directly impacting on 256,000 people a year who will undergo BSSP FSIG by 2020.Trial funding came from National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Research for Patient Benefit (RfPB) supported by the NIHR Clinical Research Network. The trial is actively recruiting. ID: 35866 ISRCTN: 81466870
Maternal Overweight, Inflammation and Neurological Consequences for the Preterm Child: Results of the ELGAN Study
Authors: Brodowski Lars , Büter Wolfgang , Kohls Fabian , Hillemanns Peter , von Kaisenberg Constantin , Dammann Olaf 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMaternal overweight and obesity are prenatal risk factors for obstetrical complications, preterm birth, neonatal morbidity as well as cognitive and behavioural developmental disorders in children. Paediatric morbidity and mortality as well as child development disorders are significantly associated with maternal obesity. Particularly in the neurodevelopmental and psychiatric area, it is becoming increasingly clear that, in children of mothers with an increased body mass index (BMI), there is a high correlation with childhood cognitive disabilities, attention disorders, and diseases on the autistic spectrum. The ELGAN (Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn) study is a multicentre study which has been supported since 2000 by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and whose objective is to research predictors for neonatal brain damage and neurological-cognitive sequelae in premature infants. The areas of focus are the connection between maternal overweight and obesity and pregnancy complications, APGAR scores and systemic inflammatory markers. In this overview, our aim is to summarise the work in this area and discuss it critically on the basis of current literature. We will examine the hypothesis whether maternal overweight and obesity in terms of a chronic inflammatory state is associated with neonatal inflammation which in turn is associated with an unfavourable development prognosis.
Pathogenese und Therapie der nicht arteriitischen anterioren ischämischen Optikusneuropathie
Authors: van Oterendorp Christian , Lagrèze Wolf A. , Feltgen Nicolas 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDie nicht arteriitische anteriore ischämische Optikusneuropathie (NAION) ist eine akute Sehnervendegeneration, deren Pathogenese in großen Teilen unerforscht ist. Für sie existiert derzeit keine allgemein akzeptierte Behandlungsmöglichkeit. Die Etablierung von AION-Tiermodellen sowie die Ergebnisse größerer epidemiologischer Studien ermöglichten es in den vergangenen Jahren, ein besseres Verständnis der Pathophysiologie und möglicher Einflussfaktoren zu gewinnen. Basierend auf diesen Erkenntnissen testeten und testen klinische und tierexperimentelle Studien eine große Bandbreite möglicher Behandlungsansätze. Unabhängig von ihrem jeweiligen Ergebnis können diese Untersuchungen unser Verständnis der NAION erheblich erweitern und auch für andere Sehnervendegenerationen von großer Bedeutung sein.
Darstellung von retinalen Neovaskularisationen mit der optischen Kohärenztomografie-Angiografie im Vergleich mit der Fluoreszeinangiografie
Authors: Enders Christian , Baeurle Franziska , Lang Gabriele E. , Dreyhaupt Jens , Trick Simon , Kilani Adnan , Lang Gerhard K. , Werner Jens Ulrich 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Vergleichende Darstellung von retinalen papillären (NVD) und nicht papillären (NVE) Neovaskularisationen in der optischen Kohärenztomografie-Angiografie (OCTA) und in der Fluoreszeinangigrafie (FA) bei Patienten mit proliferativer diabetischer Retinopathie.
Material und Methoden 15 konsekutive Patienten wurden in diese Studie aufgenommen. Alle Patienten erhielten eine OCTA, wobei jeweils ein Scan von 3 × 3 mm der „Region of Interest“ mit dem ZEISS OCT Cirrus 5000 mit dem AngioPlex-Modul aufgenommen wurde. Die Größe der Neovaskularisation (NV) wurde manuell in OCTA und FA ermittelt und zwischen den beiden Messmethoden verglichen.
Ergebnisse 20 Augen von 15 Patienten mit proliferativer diabetischer Retinopathie (PDR) mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 57 Jahren wurden eingeschlossen. Die mittlere Größe der NVDs betrug in der OCTA 3,44 mm2 und in der FA 3,75 mm2, die mittlere Größe der NVDs betrug in der OCTA 1,06 mm2 und in der FA 1,54 mm2. Unter Berücksichtigung einer in der FA generell größer gemessenen Fläche zeigte sich insgesamt eine gute Übereinstimmung der beiden Methoden.
Schlussfolgerung Es zeigte sich eine gute Übereinstimmung für die Größe der NVs in beiden Untersuchungsmethoden. Die OCTA kann als einfache und nicht invasive Methode zur Darstellung von retinalen Neovaskularisationen die gängige Diagnostik bestätigen.
Utility of autologous fibrin glue and polyglycolic acid sheet for preventing delayed bleeding associated with antithrombotic therapy after gastric ESD
Authors: Kikuchi Daisuke , Iizuka Toshiro , Makino Shigeyoshi , Hayasaka Junnosuke , Odagiri Hiroyuki , Ochiai Yorinari , Suzuki Yugo , Nomura Kosuke , Ohkura Yu , Okamoto Yosuke , Tanaka Masami , Matsui Akira , Mitani Toshifumi , Hoteya Shu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Delayed bleeding is one of the most serious adverse events of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), especially in patients taking antithrombotic therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the utility and safety of a shielding method with autologous fibrin glue and polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheets for patients undergoing gastric ESD who are receiving antithrombotic therapy.
Patients and methods One hundred twenty-three patients who were treated with gastric ESD while receiving antithrombotic therapy between December 2014 and September 2017 were enrolled in this study. Patients who received the shielding method were classified into the shielding group. Others were classified into the conventional group. Various clinico-pathological factors were retrospectively compared between the two groups.
Results The shielding group consisted of 38 patients, and the conventional group consisted of the remaining 85 patients. In the shielding group, the rate of continuation of antithrombotic therapy was significantly higher (68.4 % vs 41.2 %). Incidence of delayed bleeding was lower in the shielding group (2.6 %, 1/38) than in the conventional group (14.1 %, 12/85). In the propensity score-adjusted logistic regression analysis, the delayed bleeding rate in the shielding group tended to be lower than in the conventional group (P = 0.070). Allogeneic transfusion was performed in eight patients (8/85, 9.4 %) in the conventional group and none in the shielding group (P = 0.047). No adverse event associated with endoscopic shielding were observed in the shielding group.
Conclusions This study suggests that a shielding method with autologous fibrin glue and PGA sheet effectively prevents delayed bleeding after gastric ESD in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy.
The FUSION iENA Study: Comparison of I-124-PET/US Fusion Imaging with Conventional Diagnostics for the Functional Assessment of Thyroid Nodules by Multiple Observers
Authors: Winkens Thomas , Seifert Philipp , Hollenbach Christian , Kühnel Christian , Gühne Falk , Freesmeyer Martin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aim To investigate the value of I-124 positron emission tomography (PET) / ultrasound (US) fusion imaging in comparison to conventional diagnostics (CD) of Thyroid nodules (TN) by multiple observers.
Methods Digital patient case files (PCF) of patients that received CD and I-124-PET/US in clinical routine were prepared containing cine-loops of the examinations. All physicians with nuclear medicine specialty from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland were invited to participate. 106 acquired observers completed 7.2 ± 1.8 (median: 8, range: 4–14) randomly assigned PCF (CD only or CD+PET/US). They assessed the TN function, stated their confidence in functional assessment, and suggested a treatment course for each TN.
Results 68 PCF of 34 patients comprising 66 TN ≥ 1 cm (= 1.94 TN/patient) were created. A total of 748 (11.2/TN), and 751 ratings (11.4/TN) were recorded for CD only, and CD+PET/US, respectively. The functional assessment revealed more hyper- or hypofunctioning (524 vs. 320, p < 0.0001) and less indifferent or not rateable (209 vs. 428, p < 0.0001) TN in CD+PET/US vs. CD only. The observers’ confidence in functional assessment was superior in CD+PET/US (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the ratings were carried out more homogeneous in CD+PET/US (p < 0.0001). Fewer suggestion of follow up (p < 0.0001), and more (p < 0.0001) suggestion of invasive treatments (fine-needle aspiration & surgery) was observed in CD+PET/US. Radioiodine therapy was more often (p = 0.0036), and thyroid medication less often (p = 0.0167) advised in CD+PET/US.
Conclusion Functional assessment of equivocal TN shows frequent failures in CD, underestimating the incidence of hyper- and hypofunctioning lesions. Confidence in functional assessment significantly increases with additional PET/US. This influences the proposed treatment course.
Organosilicon-Mediated Organic Synthesis (SiMOS): A Personal Account
Authors: Li Li , Wei Yun-Long , Xu Li-Wen 
Published: November 2019

The organosilicon-mediated organic synthesis (SiMOS) has attracted much attention over the recent decades. However, the use of organosilicon reagents with novel catalytic strategies remains to be explored. This Account summarizes our group’s progress mainly based on the application of a wide variety of organosilicon reagents, including allylic silanes, trifluoromethyl silane, acylsilanes, chlorosilanes, hydrosilanes, trimethylsilyldiazomethane, trimethylsiloxyfuran, silanols, α-trimethylsilylmethylacetate, and trimethylsilylcyanide, in catalysis and organic reactions. These transformations were proved to be alternative procedures for the construction of structurally diverse compounds.1	Introduction2	The Exploration of New Reactivity of Organosilicon Reagent in Organic Synthesis2.1	Allylic Silanes2.2	Trifluomethylsilane (TMSCF3)2.3	Acylsilanes2.4	Chlorosilanes and Hydrosilanes2.5	Trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMSD)2.6	Trimethylsiloxyfuran2.7	Silanols2.8	Trimethylsilylcyanide (TMSCN)3	Conclusion and Perspective
Current Nonoperative Therapeutic Interventions for Lower Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: Serur Anna , Rhee Rebecca , Ramjist Joshua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLower gastrointestinal hemorrhage remains a common cause of hospitalization, with significant health care costs. Initial management should include aggressive resuscitation followed by localization of bleeding with nuclear scintigraphy, colonoscopy, or computed tomography (CT) angiography. If bleeding does not resolve spontaneously, expeditious intervention with minimally invasive endoscopic or angiographic methods is necessary with surgical intervention as a last resort.
Epidemiology of Liver Cancer in Latin America: Current and Future Trends
Authors: Carrilho Flair Jose , Paranaguá-Vezozzo Denise Cerqueira , Chagas Aline Lopes , Alencar Regiane Saraiva de Souza Melo , da Fonseca Leonardo Gomes 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOver 38,000 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are estimated to occur in Latin America annually. The region is characterized by sociocultural heterogeneity and economic disparities, which impose barriers in addressing this major health issue. A significant proportion of patients are still diagnosed in the later stages of the disease, although efforts to implement effective screening programs have been reported by referral centers. While viral hepatitis remains the predominant etiology of liver disease among HCC cases in Latin America, a high prevalence of fatty liver disease in the region is a matter of concern, reflecting the current scenario in many Western countries. In addition, other risk factors such as alcohol, aflatoxin, and early-onset HCC in hepatitis B virus infection contribute to the burden of HCC in Latin America. Interventions to increase screening coverage, expand healthcare access, and implement continuing medical training are key challenges to be overcome.
Meta-analyses of simultaneous interpreting and working memory
Authors: Mellinger Christopher D. , Hanson Thomas A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article adopts a meta-analytic research framework to examine the strength of the relationship between working memory and simultaneous interpreting. This quantitative analysis utilizes a random effects model to combine multiple studies in an examination of differences between professional interpreters and various comparison groups as well as the relationship between working memory capacity and interpreter performance. Moderating and control variables are discussed, and a classification scheme for work on these topics is proposed. Two moderating variables are examined by testing the difference between working memory tests relying on auditory and visual stimuli as well as storage tasks (short-term memory) and processing tasks (working memory). Published studies were collected from several field-specific databases by queryingworking memoryandsimultaneous interpretingas key terms, and then supplemented by reviewing references, searching Google Scholar, and reviewing the work of scholars known to work in the area. Results are indicative of differences between professional and comparison groups, with professional interpreters exhibiting greater working memory capacity. Additionally, an overall positive correlation was observed between working memory capacity and measures of the quality of simultaneous interpreting.
Text characteristics, perceived difficulty and task performance in
sight translation
Authors: Wu Zhiwei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper reports on an exploratory study examining the
relationship between text characteristics, perceived difficulty and task
performance in sight translation (ST). Twenty-nine undergraduate interpreters
were asked to sight-translate six texts with different properties. Correlation
analysis shows that Sophisticated Word Type and Mean Length of a T-unit are,
respectively, the lexical and the syntactic variables having the highest
correlations with all the three dependent variables (i.e. perceived difficulty,
accuracy and fluency in ST performance). Surprisingly, the discoursal variables
are weakly or modestly correlated with the dependent variables. Thematic
analysis of the students’ reflective essays points to two hypothesized causal
links among the three Ps in ST: task properties may cause
decoding difficulties and cognitive overload in the cognitive
process, which in turn lead to inaccuracy and dysfluency in
ST performance. The research findings lend empirical support to
the “shallow-scan hypothesis” in previous research. Finally, this study proposes
a three-tier conceptual framework to inform and guide future research to
operationalize variables in ST empirical studies. The pedagogical implications
of ST are also discussed.
Affiliation in interpreter-mediated therapeutic talk
Authors: Vranjes Jelena , Bot Hanneke , Feyaerts Kurt , Brône Geert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this article is to explore how affiliation (Stivers 2008) with the patient is displayed and interactionally achieved in the context of an interpreter-mediated therapeutic dialogue. More specifically, we focus on the interplay between affiliative listener responses – especially head nods – and gaze in this setting. Interpreter-mediated therapeutic talk is not only a setting that has received very little systematic scrutiny in the literature, but it is also particularly interesting for the study of listener responses. Drawing on the insights from Conversation Analysis, a naturally occurring interpreter-mediated therapeutic session was analysed that had been recorded using mobile eye-tracking technology. This approach allowed for a detailed analysis of the interlocutors’ synchronous gaze behaviour in relation to speech and head nods during the interaction. The results revealed differences in the interpreter’s and the therapist’s affiliative listener responses that were linked to the interactional goals of the encounter and to their social roles. Moreover, we found a strong relationship between mutual gaze and head nods as tokens of affiliation. Thus, these findings provide support for the inclusion of gaze in studies of interpreter-mediated dialogue and, more broadly, in the study of affiliation in social interaction.
Riddling: The dominant rhetorical device in W. H. Auden’s “The
Wanderer”
Authors: Verdonk Peter 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on rhetorical and stylistic patterns in
W. H. Auden’s “The Wanderer” (1966). After a preliminary stylistic analysis of the poem’s
sound, grammar and vocabulary, the author shifts to consider aspects of the
wider discoursal context in which Auden’s poem is framed. This enlarging of
the poem’s context is assisted through the incorporation of relevant
particulars from Auden’s biography, from around the time the poet was
writing “The Wanderer”. It is pointed out how Auden himself talked of his
fascination with Anglo-Saxon poetry, with its metrical and rhetorical
devices. The chapter also explores the ways in which a stronger
interpretation of the poem can be reached by positioning the poem’s language
against the phonological and rhetorical arrangements of Anglo-Saxon poetry.
Particular attention is paid both to the rhetorical device of
kenning and to the stylistic and rhetorical composition
of riddles in the Exeter Book. The chapter concludes that a rounder and more
productive reading of Auden’s “The Wanderer” can be reached when it is
informed by knowledge of the rhetorical and stylistic features of its
literary precursor.
Spelling errors in English derivational suffixes reflect morphological boundary strength
Authors: Gahl Susanne , Plag Ingo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo what extent do speakers decompose morphologically complex words, such assegmentable, into their morphological constituents? In this article, we argue that spelling errors in English affixes reflect morphological boundary strength and degrees of segmentability. In support of this argument, we present a case study examining the spelling of the suffixes -able/-ible, -ence/-ance, and -mentin an online resource (Tweets), in forms such as <availible>, <invisable>, <eloquance>, and <bettermint>. Based on previous research on morphological productivity and boundary strength (Hay, 2002;Hay & Baayen, 2002,2005), we hypothesized that morphological segmentability should affect the choice between <able> vs. <ible>, <ance> vs. <ence>, and <ment> vs. <-mint>. An analysis of roughly 23,000 non-standard spellings is consistent with that hypothesis, underscoring the usefulness of spelling variation as a source of evidence for morphological segmentability and for the role of morphological representations in language production and comprehension.
IMR consistency tests with higher modes on gravitational signals from the second observing run of LIGO and Virgo
Authors: Breschi Matteo , O’Shaughnessy Richard , Lange Jacob , Birnholtz Ofek 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Current tests of general relativity are performed using approximations which neglect a key feature of complete solution of Einstein’s theory: higher-order modes. Our analysis will reassess these tests, including these higher-order mode effects. We have chosen to perform inspiral-merger-ringdown consistency tests on the gravitational transients detected by LIGO and Virgo during the observing run O2. We use an approximant which includes all higher modes with

(NRSur7dq2) and then, for three selected cases, we repeat the tests involving fits on numerical relativity simulations. The results are consist with the predictions of general relativity and the combined posterior distribution for the analyzed events does not show deviations from GR above the 39.3% confidence level.