bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefits and harms of high-dose haemodiafiltration versus high-flux haemodialysis: the comparison of high-dose haemodiafiltration with high-flux haemodialysis (CONVINCE) trial protocol
Authors: Blankestijn Peter J , Fischer Kathrin I , Barth Claudia , Cromm Krister , Canaud Bernard , Davenport Andrew , Grobbee Diederick E , Hegbrant Jörgen , Roes Kit C , Rose Matthias , Strippoli Giovanni FM , Vernooij Robin WM , Woodward Mark , de Wit G Ardine , Bots Michiel L 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionEnd-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a major public health problem affecting more than 2 million people worldwide. It is one of the most severe chronic non-communicable diseases. Haemodialysis (HD) is the most common therapeutic option but is also associated with a risk of cardiovascular events, hospitalisation and suboptimal quality of life. Over the past decades, haemodiafiltration (HDF) has become available. Although high-dose HDF has shown some promising survival advantage compared to conventional HD, the evidence remains controversial. A Cochrane systematic review found, in low-quality trials, with various convective forms of dialysis, a reduction in cardiovascular, but not all-cause mortality and the effects on non-fatal cardiovascular events and hospitalisation were uncertain. In contrast, an individual patient data analysis suggested that high-dose HDF reduced both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality compared to HD. In view of these discrepant results, a definitive trial is required to determine whether high-dose HDF is preferable to high-flux HD. The comparison of high-dose HDF with high-flux HD (CONVINCE) study will assess the benefits and harms of high-dose HDF versus a conventional high-flux HD in adults with ESKD.Methods and analysisThis international, prospective, open label, randomised controlled trial aims to recruit 1800 ESKD adults treated with HD in nine European countries. Patients will be randomised 1:1 to high-dose HDF versus continuation of conventional high-flux HD. The primary outcome will be all-cause mortality at 3 years’ follow-up. Secondary outcomes will include cause-specific mortality, cardiovascular events, all-cause and infection-related hospitalisations, patient-reported outcomes (eg, health-related quality of life) and cost-effectiveness.Ethics and disseminationThe CONVINCE study will address the question of benefits and harms of high-dose HDF compared to high-flux HD for kidney replacement therapy in patients with ESKD with a focus on survival, patient perspectives and cost-effectiveness.Trial registration numberNetherlands National Trial Register (NTR 7138).
Tuberculosis among patients treated with TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis in Slovenia: a cohort study
Authors: Rotar Ziga , Svetina Petra , Tomsic Matija , Hočevar Alojzija , Prapotnik Sonja 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the risk of tuberculosis (TB) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) treated with any of the commercially available tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) in Slovenia.DesignThis is a cohort, registry (biorx.si) cross-linked with the Slovenian National TB Registry.SettingNational, involving all Slovenian rheumatology centres (six secondary and two secondary/tertiary).Participants2429 patients with RA, AS or PsA exposed to at least one TNFi participated in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were age-adjusted and sex-adjusted TB incidence rates (IRs) and the standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) compared with the general population exploring different TNFi exposure windows. The secondary outcome measures were a detailed characterisation of the national latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening and TB chemoprophylaxis protocol implementation.ResultsAmong the 2429 patients exposed to at least one TNFi for a total of 10 445 (49% RA, 33% AS and 18% PsA) person-years (PY), 99% completed LTBI screening and 6% required TB chemoprophylaxis. Six RA (three adalimumab, three certolizumab), two PsA (two golimumab) and zero AS patients developed TB. Five out of eight had miliary TB, three out of eight had pulmonary TB and two patients died. The age-standardised and sex-standardised TB IR (95% CI) per 100 000 PYs/SIRs (95% CI) compared with the general Slovenian population for the current TNFi exposure were 52 (0 to 110)/6.7 (0.6 to 80), 47 (0 to 110)/6.1 (0.3 to 105), 45 (0 to 109)/5.8 (0.3 to 112) overall, in RA and PsA, respectively.ConclusionsThe TB IR in the Slovenian patients with RA, AS and PsA treated with TNFi was comparable with TB IRs in TB non-endemic countries with less than a tenth of the patients requiring TB chemoprophylaxis.
NET-02 trial protocol: a multicentre, randomised, parallel group, open-label, phase II, single-stage selection trial of liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid or docetaxel as second-line therapy in patients with progressive poorly differentiated extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC)
Authors: Craig Zoe , Swain Jayne , Batman Emma , Wadsley Jonathan , Reed Nicholas , Faluyi Olusola , Cave Judith , Sharma Rohini , Chau Ian , Wall Lucy , Lamarca Angela , Hubner R , Mansoor Wasat , Sarker Debashis , Meyer Tim , Cairns David A , Howard Helen , Valle Juan W , McNamara Mairéad G 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionPoorly differentiated (PD), extrapulmonary (EP), neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are rare but aggressive neuroendocrine neoplasms. First-line treatment for advanced disease is an etoposide and platinum-based chemotherapy combination. There is no established second-line treatment for patients with PD-EP-NEC, and this is an area of unmet need.Methods and analysisNET-02 is a UK, multicentre, randomised (1:1), parallel group, open-label, phase II, single-stage selection trial of liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI)/5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid or docetaxel as second-line therapy in patients with progressive PD-EP-NEC. One hundred and two eligible participants will be randomised to receive either nal-IRI/5-FU/folinic acid or docetaxel. The primary objective is to determine the 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate. The secondary objectives of this study are to determine PFS, overall survival, objective response rate, toxicity, quality of life and whether neuron-specific enolase is predictive of treatment response. If either treatment is found to have a 6-month PFS rate of at least 25%, that treatment will be considered for a phase III trial. If both treatments meet this target, prespecified selection criteria will be applied to establish which treatment to take forward.Ethics and disseminationThis study has ethical approval from the Greater Manchester Central Research Ethics Committee (reference no. 18/NW/0031) and clinical trial authorisation from the Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and uploaded to the European Union Clinical Trials Register.Trial registration numbersISRCTN10996604,NCT03837977, EudraCT Number: 2017-002453-11
Social media and mobile health technology for cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Ruco Arlinda , Dossa Fahima , Tinmouth Jill , Llovet Diego , Kishibe Teruko , Baxter Nancy N 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionCancer is one of the leading causes of death globally and many jurisdictions have developed population-based cancer screening programmes to reduce the public health burden of disease. However, screening participation remains suboptimal. Social media and other mobile health (mHealth) technologies are increasingly being used for health promotion and behaviour change. This paper reports on the protocol for a systematic review exploring the effect of social media and other mHealth interventions on cancer screening participation and intention.Methods and analysisThis protocol is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) checklist. We will include any randomised controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies with a pre/post design conducted in adults ≥18 years of age that report on the effectiveness of a social media or mHealth intervention on screening participation or intention (inclusive of breast, cervical, colorectal, prostate and lung cancer). Interventions will be inclusive of those delivered online or through a computer using an established social media platform or a new purpose-built platform, or those delivered through cellphones or other wireless technologies. Any comparator will be acceptable (control group, alternate intervention or pre/post design). We will search Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Communication and Mass Media Complete from 1 January 2000 to 31 May 2019. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts and full-text articles with conflicts resolved through discussion or by a third reviewer, as needed. The two reviewers will also independently complete risk of bias assessments for each included study. We will report on the characteristics of the studies, participants and interventions in descriptive narrative form and report the absolute and relative differences in screening and intention attributable to social media and mobile technology interventions.Ethics and disseminationAs this is a systematic review, ethical approval for conduct of this study is not required. We will pursue publication of study results in a relevant peer-reviewed journal and report our findings according to the PRISMA checklist.Trial registration numberCRD42019139615.
Validation of automated sepsis surveillance based on the Sepsis-3 clinical criteria against physician record review in a general hospital population: observational study using electronic health records data
Authors: Valik John Karlsson , Ward Logan , Tanushi Hideyuki , Müllersdorf Kajsa , Ternhag Anders , Aufwerber Ewa , Färnert Anna , Johansson Anders F , Mogensen Mads Lause , Pickering Brian , Dalianis Hercules , Henriksson Aron , Herasevich Vitaly , Nauclér Pontus 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundSurveillance of sepsis incidence is important for directing resources and evaluating quality-of-care interventions. The aim was to develop and validate a fully-automated Sepsis-3 based surveillance system in non-intensive care wards using electronic health record (EHR) data, and demonstrate utility by determining the burden of hospital-onset sepsis and variations between wards.MethodsA rule-based algorithm was developed using EHR data from a cohort of all adult patients admitted at an academic centre between July 2012 and December 2013. Time in intensive care units was censored. To validate algorithm performance, a stratified random sample of 1000 hospital admissions (674 with and 326 without suspected infection) was classified according to the Sepsis-3 clinical criteria (suspected infection defined as having any culture taken and at least two doses of antimicrobials administered, and an increase in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score by>2 points) and the likelihood of infection by physician medical record review.ResultsIn total 82 653 hospital admissions were included. The Sepsis-3 clinical criteria determined by physician review were met in 343 of 1000 episodes. Among them, 313 (91%) had possible, probable or definite infection. Based on this reference, the algorithm achieved sensitivity 0.887 (95% CI: 0.799 to 0.964), specificity 0.985 (95% CI: 0.978 to 0.991), positive predictive value 0.881 (95% CI: 0.833 to 0.926) and negative predictive value 0.986 (95% CI: 0.973 to 0.996). When applied to the total cohort taking into account the sampling proportions of those with and without suspected infection, the algorithm identified 8599 (10.4%) sepsis episodes. The burden of hospital-onset sepsis (>48 hour after admission) and related in-hospital mortality varied between wards.ConclusionsA fully-automated Sepsis-3 based surveillance algorithm using EHR data performed well compared with physician medical record review in non-intensive care wards, and exposed variations in hospital-onset sepsis incidence between wards.
Cut-and-join structure and integrability for spin Hurwitz numbers
Authors: Mironov A. , Morozov A. , Natanzon S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSpin Hurwitz numbers are related to characters of the Sergeev group, which are the expansion coefficients of theQSchur functions, depending on odd times and on a subset of all Young diagrams. These characters involve two dual subsets: the odd partitions (OP) and the strict partitions (SP). TheQSchur functions$$Q_R$$QRwith$$R\in \hbox {SP}$$R∈SPare common eigenfunctions of cut-and-join operators$$W_\Delta $$WΔwith$$\Delta \in \hbox {OP}$$Δ∈OP. The eigenvalues of these operators are the generalized Sergeev characters, their algebra is isomorphic to the algebra ofQSchur functions. Similarly to the case of the ordinary Hurwitz numbers, the generating function of spin Hurwitz numbers is a$$\tau $$τ-function of an integrable hierarchy, that is, of the BKP type. At last, we discuss relations of the Sergeev characters with matrix models.
On the gravitational entropy of accelerating black holes
Authors: Guha Sarbari , Chakraborty Samarjit 
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we have examined the validity of a proposed definition of gravitational entropy in the context of accelerating black hole solutions of the Einstein field equations, which represent the realistic black hole solutions. We have adopted a phenomenological approach proposed in Rudjord et al. [Phys. Scr. 77, 055901 (2008)] and expanded by Romero et al. [Int. J. Theor. Phys. 51, 925 (2012)], in which the Weyl curvature hypothesis is tested against the expressions for the gravitational entropy. Considering the [Formula: see text]-metric for the accelerating black holes, we have evaluated the gravitational entropy and the corresponding entropy density for four different types of black holes, namely, nonrotating black hole, nonrotating charged black hole, rotating black hole and rotating charged black hole. We end up by discussing the merits of such an analysis and the possible reason of failure in the particular case of rotating charged black hole and comment on the possible resolution of the problem.
Building the future of the geoscience community in Asia: CCOP beyond history and borders
Authors: Lee Young Joo , Tulyatid Dhiti , Uzarraga Marivic , Kwak Jisoo , Seo Juhee 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and SE Asia (CCOP) is an intergovernmental geoscience organization based in Bangkok, Thailand. CCOP currently comprises 15 member countries in East and SE Asia; it has provided venues for various geoscientific programmes and activities in the region for over 50 years. At its inception, CCOP conducted work in geological surveys, exploration and technological cooperation in the extraction of off-shore petroleum and mineral resources in the region. In response to the needs of member countries, CCOP projects have become increasingly diverse over time, especially in the areas of groundwater resources, geohazards, global climate change and urban geology. Facing the imminent fourth industrial revolution, CCOP compiles, manages and utilizes large amounts of data collected and accumulated by its member countries, and increasingly focusses on data sharing, education and capacity building. With the vision of becoming a premier intergovernmental Earth science organization in East and SE Asia, CCOP's mission is the application of Earth science to make significant contributions to the economic development and sustainable environmental management of its member countries, enhancing their quality of life. To fulfil this mission, CCOP has developed four strategic foci: (1) outreach; (2) cooperation and partnership; (3) knowledge enhancement and sharing; and (4) data and information. Organization and management of CCOP are governed by a steering committee formed of permanent representatives from the 15 member countries and guided by recommendations from an advisory group comprising representatives from cooperating countries and organizations. The steering committee considers and endorses projects and activities planned and proposed by the technical secretariat, which oversees the management of the organization, implementing all approved plans for the benefit of all member countries as well as cooperating countries and organizations. CCOP has played important roles in providing venues for activities and collaboration on various Earth science topics, including energy and mineral resources, groundwater, geohazards, global climate change, urban geology, geoscience big data, education and outreach. CCOP also publishes regular and special publications describing its activities. In the future, CCOP will encourage non-members in the region to join as official member countries, and will further strengthen its network by conducting joint Earth science research projects with cooperating countries and organizations. CCOP will also pursue sustainability in research by establishing a system to continually nurture new Earth scientists. Furthermore, CCOP will build a cooperative network with geoscience communities in other regions to promote a sustainable Earth.
Generic Dynamic Data Outsourcing Framework for Integrity Verification
Authors: Etemad Mohammad , Küpçü Alptekin 
Published: February 2020

Ateniese et al. proposed the Provable Data Possession (PDP) model in 2007. Following that, Erway et al. adapted the model for dynamically updatable data and called it the Dynamic Provable Data Possession (DPDP) model. The idea is that a client outsources her files to a cloud server and later challenges the server to obtain a proof of the integrity of her data. Many schemes have later been proposed for this purpose, all following a similar framework.
We analyze dynamic data outsourcing schemes for the cloud regarding security and efficiency and show a general framework for constructing such schemes that encompasses existing DPDP-like schemes as different instantiations. This generalization shows that a dynamic outsourced data integrity verification scheme can be constructed given black-box access to an implicitly-ordered authenticated data structure. Moreover, for blockless verification efficiency, a homomorphic verifiable tag scheme is also needed. We investigate the requirements and conditions these building blocks should satisfy, using which one may easily check the applicability of a given building block for dynamic data outsourcing. Our framework serves as a guideline/tutorial/survey and enables us to provide a comparison among different building blocks that existing schemes employ.
A Survey of IoT Applications in Blockchain Systems
Authors: Lao Laphou , Li Zecheng , Hou Songlin , Xiao Bin , Guo Songtao , Yang Yuanyuan 
Published: February 2020

Blockchain technology can be extensively applied in diverse services, including online micro-payments, supply chain tracking, digital forensics, health-care record sharing, and insurance payments. Extending the technology to the Internet of things (IoT), we can obtain a verifiable and traceable IoT network. Emerging research in IoT applications exploits blockchain technology to record transaction data, optimize current system performance, or construct next-generation systems, which can provide additional security, automatic transaction management, decentralized platforms, offline-to-online data verification, and so on. In this article, we conduct a systematic survey of the key components of IoT blockchain and examine a number of popular blockchain applications.
In particular, we first give an architecture overview of popular IoT-blockchain systems by analyzing their network structures and protocols. Then, we discuss variant consensus protocols for IoT blockchains, and make comparisons among different consensus algorithms. Finally, we analyze the traffic model for P2P and blockchain systems and provide several metrics. We also provide a suitable traffic model for IoT-blockchain systems to illustrate network traffic distribution.
Sympathetic innervation suppresses the autophagic-lysosomal system in brown adipose tissue under basal and cold-stimulated conditions
Authors: Przygodda Franciele , Lautherbach Natalia , Buzelle Samyra Lopes , Goncalves Dawit Albieiro , Assis Ana Paula , Paula-Gomes Sílvia , Garófalo Maria Antonieta Rissato , Heck Lilian Carmo , Matsuo Flávia Sayuri , Mota Ryerson Fonseca , Osako Mariana Kiomy , Kettelhut Isis C. , Navegantes Luiz C. 
Published: February 2020

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activates cAMP signaling and promotes trophic effects on brown adipose tissue (BAT) through poorly understood mechanisms. Because norepinephrine has been found to induce antiproteolytic effects on muscle and heart, we hypothesized that the SNS could inhibit autophagy in interscapular BAT (IBAT). Here, we describe that selective sympathetic denervation of rat IBAT kept at 25°C induced atrophy, and in parallel dephosphorylated forkhead box class O (FoxO), and increased cathepsin activity, autophagic flux, autophagosome formation, and expression of autophagy-related genes. Conversely, cold stimulus (4°C) for up to 72 h induced thermogenesis and IBAT hypertrophy, an anabolic effect that was associated with inhibition of cathepsin activity, autophagic flux, and autophagosome formation. These effects were abrogated by sympathetic denervation, which also upregulated Gabarapl1 mRNA. In addition, the cold-driven sympathetic activation stimulated the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, leading to the enhancement of protein synthesis, evaluated in vivo by puromycin incorporation, and to the inhibitory phosphorylation of Unc51-like kinase-1, a key protein in the initiation of autophagy. This coincided with a higher content of exchange protein-1 directly activated by cAMP (Epac1), a cAMP effector, and phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308, all these effects being abolished by denervation. Systemic treatment with norepinephrine for 72 h mimicked most of the cold effects on IBAT. These data suggest that the noradrenergic sympathetic inputs to IBAT restrain basal autophagy via suppression of FoxO and, in the setting of cold, stimulate protein synthesis via the Epac/Akt/mTOR-dependent pathway and suppress the autophagosome formation, probably through posttranscriptional mechanisms.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The underlying mechanisms related to the anabolic role of sympathetic innervation on brown adipose tissue (BAT) are unclear. We show that sympathetic denervation activates autophagic-lysosomal degradation, leading to a loss of mitochondrial proteins and BAT atrophy. Conversely, cold-driven sympathetic activation suppresses autophagy and stimulates protein synthesis, leading to BAT hypertrophy. Given its high-potential capacity for heat production, understanding the mechanisms that contribute to BAT mass is important to optimize chances of survival for endotherms in cold ambients.