bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sardinian deer increase feeding diversity within sheltering vegetation in a fragmented Mediterranean landscape
Authors: Aboling Sabine , Ahmed Fahad , Kreisel Gunnar , Kamphues Josef , Cappai Maria Grazia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study was carried out to investigate the feeding behavior of Sardinian deer roaming within a site of community interest (SCI, ITB042250), on Sardinian Island (39° 51’ N 8° 45’ E). Crop fields bordering the natural environment (wood forest and Mediterranean macchia, where the reserve of Sardinian deer partly overlaps) were monitored and turned into a living lab. The interest on wildlife-related crop damage poses a significant economic challenge, while anthropogenic pressures, such as urbanization and agricultural practices, increasingly impact wildlife by limiting habitat, feeding source diversity and access, and space distribution. In view of this, dietary habits of a group of 25 Sardinian deer (Cervus elaphus corsicanus Erxleben, 1777) were studied over an area of 45 hectares, in spring and autumn over two consecutive years. Within six representative sites (habitats) of investigation (SOI = 3 ha), two transects of 20 × 10 m per SOI, amounting to 240 m², served as parts of these sites, respectively, and were analyzed as to floristic composition and dominating plants. The number of freshly browsed/grazed plants by missing shoots was counted and assumed as signs of foraging activity of the Sardinian deer. The evenness of the dietary preference per habitat was calculated with the number of missing shoots and the number of plant species selected. The Mediterranean macchia accounted for the highest species (n = 76); crop field the fewest species (n = 19). Plants showing foraging signs by Sardinian deer ranged between n. 5 out of 46 species (10.9%) in the fallow and n. 6 out of 19 species (31.6%) in the crop field. Complementary feeding based on the availability of floristic diversity revealed to align to the typical foraging behavior of intermediate feeder in all SOIs: the higher the species, the higher the number of foraged species (ρ = 0.86). Sardinian deer foraged on n. 35 out of 129 plant species present (27.1%) within the whole transect area. Data highlight two feeding behavior: 1)high evenness-feeding (less foraging on high number of plant species, respectively: fallow, crop field, macchia border); 2) low evenness-feeding (large foraging on few species, Avena or Cytisus: field, bordering both macchia and fallow, macchia).The Sardinian deer fed on every SOI, with highest consumption in the macchia and least in oat open field. The feeding behavior of Sardinian deer confirms the ability to adapt to the varying vegetation in each habitat, respectively, by seeking energy and nutrients on the one hand and shelter on the other, by limiting the preference for crop field center.
Psychometric validation of the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) scale in German pre-pandemic and mid-pandemic samples
Authors: Wilhelm Marcel , Bender Friederike L. , Euteneuer Frank , Salzmann Stefan , Ewen Anne-Catherine I. , Rief Winfried 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDespite the public health value of immunizations, vaccine hesitancy is a widespread phenomenon and received special attention during the global COVID-19 pandemic. The Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale aims to identify anti-vaccination attitudes for understanding vaccine hesitancy. The present study is the validation of the German version of the VAX scale in pre-/mid-pandemic samples. All individuals completed an online-survey assessing prior and expected future vaccination behaviors, further constructs associated with vaccine hesitancy, as well as anti-vaccination attitudes using the translated VAX scale among others. In a first study, 297 individuals were surveyed before the COVID-19 pandemic. A second study included 260 individuals recruited during the COVID-19 pandemic. For validation, two confirmatory factor analyses have been conducted. Reliability measures (internal consistency, test–retest-correlation) were determined. The four subscales were confirmed by Confirmation Factor Analysis with a very good to excellent fit. The subscales showed good to excellent reliability and convergent validity determinants. Average VAX values significantly distinguished between individuals who had previously received or refused immunization and predicted expected vaccination behavior. The German translation of the VAX scale is effective in identifying anti-vaccination attitudes and can be used for further research on anti-vaccination attitudes and vaccine hesitancy.
Implantable silicon neural probes with nanophotonic phased arrays for single-lobe beam steering
Authors: Chen Fu-Der , Sharma Ankita , Xue Tianyuan , Jung Youngho , Govdeli Alperen , Mak Jason C. C. , Chameh Homeira Moradi , Movahed Mandana , Brunk Michael G. K. , Luo Xianshu , Chua Hongyao , Lo Patrick Guo-Qiang , Valiante Taufik A. , Sacher Wesley D. , Poon Joyce K. S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn brain activity mapping with optogenetics, patterned illumination is crucial for targeted neural stimulation. However, due to optical scattering in brain tissue, light-emitting implants are needed to bring patterned illumination to deep brain regions. A promising solution is silicon neural probes with integrated nanophotonic circuits that form tailored beam patterns without lenses. Here we propose neural probes with grating-based light emitters that generate a single steerable beam. The light emitters, optimized for blue or amber light, combine end-fire optical phased arrays with slab gratings to suppress higher-order sidelobes. In vivo experiments in mice demonstrated that the optical phased array provided sufficient power for optogenetic stimulation. While beam steering performance in tissue reveals challenges, including beam broadening from scattering and the need for a wider steering range, this proof-of-concept demonstration illustrates the design principles for realizing compact optical phased arrays capable of continuous single-beam scanning, laying the groundwork for advancing optical phased arrays toward targeted optogenetic stimulation.
Biased expectations about future choice options predict sequential economic decisions
Authors: van de Wouw Didrika S. , McKay Ryan T. , Furl Nicholas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConsiderable research has shown that people make biased decisions in “optimal stopping problems”, where options are encountered sequentially, and there is no opportunity to recall rejected options or to know upcoming options in advance (e.g. when flat hunting or choosing a spouse). Here, we used computational modelling to identify the mechanisms that best explain decision bias in the context of an especially realistic version of this problem: the full-information problem. We eliminated a number of factors as potential instigators of bias. Then, we examined sequence length and payoff scheme: two manipulations where an optimality model recommends adjusting the sampling rate. Here, participants were more reluctant to increase their sampling rates when it was optimal to do so, leading to increased undersampling bias. Our comparison of several computational models of bias demonstrates that many participants maintain these relatively low sampling rates because of suboptimally pessimistic expectations about the quality of future options (i.e. a mis-specified prior distribution). These results support a new theory about how humans solve full information problems. Understanding the causes of decision error could enhance how we conduct real world sequential searches for options, for example how online shopping or dating applications present options to users.
Spectral resolution effects on the information content in solar spectra
Authors: Díaz Baso C. J. , Milić I. , Rouppe van der Voort L. , Schlichenmaier R. 
Published: December 2024

Context. When interpreting spectropolarimetric observations of the solar atmosphere, wavelength variations in the emergent intensity and polarization translate into information on the depth stratification of physical parameters such as the temperature, velocity, and magnetic field. Resolving the fine details in the shapes of the spectral lines and their polarization gives us the capability to resolve small-scale depth variations in these physical parameters. With the advent of large-aperture solar telescopes and the development of state-of-the-art instrumentation, the requirements on spectral resolution have become a prominent question.
Aims. We aim to quantify how the information content contained in a representative set of polarized spectra of photospheric spectral lines depends on the spectral resolution and spectral sampling of that spectrum.
Methods. We used a state-of-the-art numerical simulation of a sunspot and the neighboring quiet Sun photosphere to synthesize polarized spectra of magnetically sensitive neutral iron lines. We then applied various degrees of spectral degradation to the synthetic spectra and analyzed the impact on its dimensionality using principal component analysis and the wavelength power spectrum using wavelet decomposition. Finally, we applied the Stokes Inversion based on Response functions (SIR) code to the degraded synthetic data to assess the effect of spectral resolution on the inferred parameters.
Results. We find that the dimensionality of the Stokes spectra and the power contained in the small spectral scales significantly change with the spectral resolution. We find that regions with strong magnetic fields where convection is suppressed have more homogeneous atmospheres and produce less complex Stokes profiles. On the other hand, regions with strong gradients in the physical quantities give rise to more complex Stokes profiles that are more affected by spectral degradation. The degradation also makes the inversion problem more ill-defined, so inversion models with a larger number of free parameters overfit and give wrong estimates.
Conclusions. The impact of spectral degradation in the interpretation of solar spectropolarimetric observations depends on multiple factors, including the spectral resolution, noise level, line spread function (LSF) shape, complexity of the solar atmosphere, and degrees of freedom in our inversion methods. To mitigate this impact, incorporating a good estimation of the LSF into the inversion process is recommended. Having a finely sampled spectrum may be more beneficial than achieving a higher signal-to-noise ratio per wavelength bin. Considering the inclusion of different spectral lines that can counter these effects, and calibrating the effective degrees of freedom in modeling strategies, are also important considerations. These strategies are crucial for the accurate interpretation of such observations and have the potential to offer more cost-effective solutions.
Application of Particle Transformer to quark flavor tagging in the ILC project
Authors: Tagami Risako , Suehara Taikan , Ishino Masaya 
Published: December 2024

International Linear Collider (ILC) is a next-generation e+e− linear collider to explore Beyond-Standard-Models by precise measurements of Higgs bosons. Jet flavor tagging plays a vital role in the ILC project by identification of H → bb¯, cc¯, gg, ss¯ to measure Higgs coupling constants and of HH → bb¯bb¯ and bb¯WW which are the main channels to measure the Higgs self-coupling constant.
Jet flavor tagging relies on a large amount of jet information such as particle momenta, energies, and impact parameters, obtained from trajectories of particles within a jet. Since jet flavor tagging is a classification task based on massive amounts of information, machine learning techniques have been utilized for faster and more efficient analysis for the last several decades.
Particle Transformer (ParT) is a machine learning model based on Transformer architecture developed for jet analysis, including jet flavor tagging. In this study, we apply ParT to ILD full simulation data to improve the efficiency of jet flavor tagging.
Our research focused on evaluating the performance of ParT compared to that of the previously used flavor tagging software, LCFIPlus. We will also report the status of the performance of strange tagging on ILD full simulation dataset using ParT, which can be applied to the analysis of Higgs-strange coupling.
Automated Measurement of Strabismus Angle Using a Commercial Virtual Reality Headset
Authors: Vicini Rino , Brügger Dominik , Grabe Hilary , Abegg Mathias 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCurrent clinical measurements of strabismus angles (SAs) are manual and require a skilled examiner and active cooperation by patients. This results in high interexaminer variability, and clinical use is limited by the availability of trained examiners. An objective and automated procedure, independent of the examiner, would be useful. This single-center, prospective, diagnostic feasibility study compared the vertical and horizontal SA of patients, as measured with a commercially available virtual reality headset (VRH) and custom software with the gold standard measurements performed manually with the Harms tangent screen (HW) and the alternate prism cover test (ACT). We implemented the ACT by showing the patient a fixation target on each eye alternatively with the VRH while recording the eye position of the patient. We then processed the data with custom written software to calculate the SA of the patients. These measurements were then compared to the SA measured with HW and
the clinical ACT. Thirty-three patients took part in our study. We found good correlation between the VRH method and the HW as well as the clinical ACT. Best correlation was found for horizontal SA in the primary position, with the vertical SA in the primary position also correlating well. Peripheral gaze resulted in a slightly lower correlation due to the overestimation of horizontal SA and underestimation of vertical SA; cyclorotation was not measured with the VRH. Overall, VRH, HW, and clinical ACT correlated similarly well as the published interexaminer correlation for ACT. The automated measurement of strabismus with a VRH is feasible, easily applicable, fast, accurate, and can be run on consumer hardware that is affordable and increasingly available.
A Study on the Relationship between Nomophobia and Quality of Sleep among Nursing Students in a Selected Nursing Institution at Mangaluru
Authors: Joy Bincy K. , Peedikayil Sabeena M. T. , Fernandes Pathima Violet 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction Nursing students with long-term usage of mobile phones may end up with more attachment or addiction to the gadget. Addiction to mobile phones is called nomophobia. It affects the entire life of students both physically and mentally. It may also disturb the sleep pattern. Irregular sleep patterns impact nursing students' practical and academic proficiency. Many psychological issues, including low self-esteem and an extroverted personality, are involved with excessive phone use. This problem (nomophobia) is currently expanding globally. Anxiety, social phobia, panic disorder, and other mental conditions may possibly make nomophobia symptoms worse.
Materials and Methods A descriptive correlational research design was used to assess the correlation between nomophobia and quality of sleep, and a purposive sampling method was used to collect data from 163 nursing students from the selected institution. Baseline proforma, Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) Likert scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to collect data.
Results and Conclusion Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. A statistically negligible correlation between nomophobia and quality of sleep (r = 0.103, p = 0.190) was found. There was a significant association between nomophobia and baseline variables such as hours of using a smartphone per day and the purpose of using smartphone per day, and there was a significant association between quality of sleep and selected baseline variables such as gender (0.009) (p < 0.05) and level of significance.
2024 Standardization of Polysomnography Reports – A Consensus of the Brazilian Sleep Association
Authors: Palombini Luciana de Oliveira , Mello Luciane Impellizieri Luna de , Santos-Silva Rogério , Assis Márcia , Cunha Thays Crosara Abrahão , Drager Luciano Ferreira , Zancanella Edilson , Alves Rosana Cardoso , Bacelar Andrea , Bagnato Mauricio da Cunha , Balsalobre Rafael de Andrade , Bianchini Esther Mandelbaum Gonçalves , Brasil Evelyn Lucien , Coelho Fernando Morgadinho Santos , Duarte Bruno Bernardo , Eckeli Alan Luiz , Fabbro Cibele Dal , Franco Aline Marques , Genta Pedro Rodrigues , Giannasi Lilian Chrystiane , Miguel Mário André Leocadio , Moreira Gustavo Antonio , Naufel Maria Fernanda , Pereira Luciana Moraes Studart , Poyares Dalva , Pradella-Hallinan Marcia , Soares Carolina Ferraz de Paula , Soster Leticia Azevedo , Zanini Marcio Andrei , Pires Gabriel Natan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction The absence of standardized reporting for sleep medicine exams across different laboratories can lead to misinterpretation, diagnostic inconsistencies, and suboptimal treatment strategies. This document seeks to establish guidelines for the development of sleep study reports, covering recordings from studies of types 1 to 4, and represents the official position of Associação Brasileira do Sono (ABS; Brazilian Sleep Association) on the standardization of polysomnography (PSG) and cardiorespiratory polygraphies.
Materials and Methods The recommendations for the items to be reported in PSG records were developed by means of a Delphi study, comprised of two voting rounds. In each round, participants had to vote regarding the appropriateness of items to be reported in type-1 to -4 sleep studies, rating them as recommended, optional, or not recommended. The consensus threshold was set at 66% in each voting round, or 75% for the combined responses of recommended and optional.
Results The panel was comprised of 29 experts. After 2 voting rounds and subsequent deliberations by the steering committee, 352 items were included in the final set of recommendations. Consensus was achieved for 339 items (96.3%), of which 145 (41.2%) were classified as recommended, 154 as optional (43.8%), 35 as not recommended (9.9%), and 5 as not allowed (1.4%). No consensus was reached for 13 items (3.7%). The items recommended in this consensus are detailed in the main text.
Conclusion These guidelines provide comprehensive recommendations for reporting diagnostic tests in sleep medicine.
Advanced Intraprocedural Image Guidance for Endovascular Aortic and Branch-Vessel Procedures Using the Intraoperative Positioning System (IOPS)
Authors: Farivar Behzad S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEndovascular aortic repair has transformed the treatment of aortic pathologies, providing minimally invasive alternatives to traditional open surgery. Despite these advancements, endovascular procedures continue to encounter substantial challenges, including navigating tortuous and calcified vessels, precise catheterization of the aortic branch vessels in complex cases, and the significant risks of radiation exposure to both patients and operators. Recent innovations in electromagnetic (EM) tracking and 3D imaging offer a promising alternative to traditional methods. This review focuses on the Intraoperative Positioning System (IOPS), a novel EM-based image guidance system developed by Centerline Biomedical, Inc. (Cleveland, OH). IOPS uses sensorized, EM-tracked devices to enhance procedural precision and safety by minimizing reliance on ionizing radiation while improving visualization and the accuracy of catheterization in vascular anatomies. This technology enables parts of the procedure to be performed without the need for ionizing radiation, offering a safer and more efficient approach to endovascular procedures.
Investigation of text-based comprehension questions in emergency distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Çoban Sural Ülkü , Aksoy Naciye 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze text-based comprehension questions asked by fourth-grade teachers in Turkish (L1) lessons in emergency distance education that started during the COVID-19 pandemic and to compare the results with those of other studies conducted in face-to-face educational settings. The text-based comprehension questions were evaluated in terms of different text types (narrative and expository) according to the distribution of the questions in the reading/listening process, answer source (whether the answer to the question was intratextual, extratextual, or intertextual), format, inference type, and teacher specificity. The study was designed to utilize a qualitative description method. Two fourth-grade teachers working in different primary schools were selected as participants. The data were collected through online lesson observations. A total of 56 lesson hours were observed and videotaped. The content analysis technique was applied for the analysis of the data. As in the results of previous studies, the present study, which was conducted in an emergency distance education environment, revealed that the text-based comprehension questions asked by teachers are generally asked after reading/listening, are answered with intratextual and extratextual sources, are prepared only in an open-ended question format, and are mainly of the propositional inference type. Additionally, it was found that teachers do not take the initiative to generate questions themselves and remain primarily dependent on the textbook.
Improving quantum synchronization by manipulating auxiliary qubits in a dissipative model
Authors: Luo Jia-Tao , Li Li , Wei He , Jing Tao , He Zhi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Quantum phase synchronization is studied in a dissipative model via an analytic approach. It is found that a robust phase preference using the Husimi Q-function against decoherence for both the Markovian and non-Markovian regimes can be obtained by manipulating auxiliary qubits in a reservoir. Specifically, we show that quantum phase synchronization can be significantly improved by adding a number of auxiliary qubits for both the Markovian and non-Markovian regimes. We also find that a steady quantum phase synchronization can be obtained in the long-time limit, which is only dependent on the number of auxiliary qubits regardless of the Markovian or non-Markovian regimes. We give some intuitive interpretations of the obtained results. Overall, our results are of theoretical interest in the enhancement of quantum phase synchronization in noisy environments, and may have potential applications in quantum information science.