bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward real‐time verification for MLC tracking treatments using time‐resolved EPID imaging
Authors: Zwan Benjamin J. , Caillet Vincent , Booth Jeremy T. , Colvill Emma , Fuangrod Todsaporn , O'Brien Ricky , Briggs Adam , O’Connor Daryl J. , Keall Paul J. , Greer Peter B. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeIn multileaf collimator (MLC) tracking, the MLC positions from the original treatment plan are continuously modified to account for intrafraction tumor motion. As the treatment is adapted in real time, there is additional risk of delivery errors which cannot be detected using traditional pretreatment dose verification. The purpose of this work is to develop a system for real‐time geometric verification of MLC tracking treatments using an electronic portal imaging device (EPID).MethodsMLC tracking was utilized during volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). During these deliveries, treatment beam images were taken at 9.57 frames per second using an EPID and frame grabber computer. MLC positions were extracted from each image frame and used to assess delivery accuracy using three geometric measures: the location, size, and shape of the radiation field. The EPID‐measured field location was compared to the tumor motion measured by implanted electromagnetic markers. The size and shape of the beam were compared to the size and shape from the original treatment plan, respectively. This technique was validated by simulating errors in phantom test deliveries and by comparison between EPID measurements and treatment log files. The method was applied offline to images acquired during the LIGHT Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy (SABR) clinical trial, where MLC tracking was performed for 17 lung cancer patients. The EPID‐based verification results were subsequently compared to post‐treatment dose reconstruction.ResultsSimulated field location errors were detected during phantom validation tests with an uncertainty of 0.28 mm (parallel to MLC motion) and 0.38 mm (perpendicular), expressed as a root‐mean‐square error (RMSError). For simulated field size errors, the RMSError was 0.47 cm2 and field shape changes were detected for random errors with standard deviation ≥ 2.5 mm. For clinical lung SABR deliveries, field location errors of 1.6 mm (parallel MLC motion) and 4.9 mm (perpendicular) were measured (expressed as a full‐width‐half‐maximum). The mean and standard deviation of the errors in field size and shape were 0.0 ± 0.3 cm2 and 0.3 ± 0.1 (expressed as a translation‐invariant normalized RMS). No correlation was observed between geometric errors during each treatment fraction and dosimetric errors in the reconstructed dose to the target volume for this cohort of patients.ConclusionA system for real‐time delivery verification has been developed for MLC tracking using time‐resolved EPID imaging. The technique has been tested offline in phantom‐based deliveries and clinical patient deliveries and was used to independently verify the geometric accuracy of the MLC during MLC tracking radiotherapy.
Analysis of water content in wood material through 1D and 2D 1H NMR relaxometry: Application to the determination of the dry mass of wood
Authors: Rostom Leila , Caré Sabine , Courtier‐Murias Denis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere is an increasing interest on wood as it is an environmentally sustainable product (e.g., biodegradable and renewable). Thus, an accurate characterisation of wood properties is of extreme importance as they define the kind of application for which each type of wood can be used. For instance, dry mass of wood is a key parameter itself and is needed to calculate Moisture Content (MC) of wood, which is correlated to its physical properties. Due to the limitations of commonly used drying methods, preliminary work has shown the potential of 1H NMR to measure dry mass of wood, but it has never been validated. Here, we performed a critical analysis of 1D and 2D 1H NMR relaxometry methods for obtaining the dry mass of wood, and we compared their performance to three commonly used drying methods. This showed that commonly used drying methods do not remove all water from wood. Moreover, we are able to classify them accordingly to their performance. In addition, we showed that MC values obtained by 1H NMR relaxometry methods are higher (up to 20%) than values from commonly used drying methods. This empathises the importance of accurate values of dry mass of wood and the utility of 1H NMR relaxometry on wood sciences. When comparing both NMR relaxometry methods, 2D should provide the more accurate results, but 1D measurements would also be a recommended choice as they are faster than 2D and their results clearly overcome commonly used drying methods in a noninvasive and nondestructive manner.
Exploring the impact of endometriosis on women’s lives: A qualitative study in Iran
Authors: Namazi Masoumeh , Behboodi Moghadam Zahra , Zareiyan Armin , Jafarabadi Mina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimConsidering the wide impact of endometriosis on various aspects of health, this study aimed to explore the impact of endometriosis on Iranian women's lives.DesignThe present study used a qualitative approach and conventional content analysis.MethodsTwenty patients suffering from endometriosis referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran took part in this study. The sampling was done purposefully until data saturation. After deep semi‐structured interviews, the content analysis of the interviews was done according to the steps proposed by Zhang and Wildemuth.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 34.53 (SD: 5.81) years (range: 23–43) with duration of illness of 6.30 ± 5.86 years. Their educational level varied from high school to university, and most of them were employed. Analysis of the data from participants' experiences led to the formation of 5 categories under the titles "Physical suffering, instability of marital life, mental disorder, disruption in social life and self‐care" and 11 subcategories.ConclusionThe findings of the present study showed that endometriosis can adversely affect women's lives including physical, sexual, psychological and social problems. Although in some cases patients adopt different strategies for self‐care, the need for more support is felt.
Animal sciences in the secondary classroom: Considering didactic strategies available through distance learning
Authors: Gomez Noe A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus pandemic of 2019 transformed the way that educators, across all levels and disciplines, seek to establish and provide a pedagogically sound curriculum. With the continued need to transform curriculum into an online format, secondary‐level animal science instructors have several points to consider if their applied discipline will now be rooted in a virtual format. Educators can commence with crafting a logical course structure that remains cognizant of the challenges, and opportunities, posed by teaching online. Subsequently, educators can explore different opportunities available through educational technology (i.e., digital notebooks, asynchronous discussions, guest speakers, etc.) that can then be employed to meet course objectives. For example, educators can inquire with school‐site administration and inter‐/intra‐district colleagues about technology that has already been adopted by their institution. Altogether, this communication aims to express that modern challenges can be addressed with modern solutions, which integrate past and novel pedagogical strategies. In this way, secondary‐level courses, such as those centered in the animal sciences, can thrive amid the novel upheaval to contemporary education.
A non‐standard finite difference method for space fractional advection–diffusion equation
Authors: Liu Ziting , Wang Qi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a non‐standard finite difference scheme is developed to solve the space fractional advection–diffusion equation. By using Fourier–Von Neumann method, we prove that non‐standard finite difference scheme is unconditionally stable. We further discuss the convergence of numerical method and give the order of convergence. The numerical examples show that the non‐standard finite difference method can effectively reduce the maximum error and improve the accuracy of numerical solution in contrast to classical numerical methods. Moreover, we find that our numerical scheme is very flexible, when we optimize the denominator function of time and space simultaneously, the performance is the best. These studies show that the non‐standard finite difference scheme is feasible and efficient for solving fractional partial differential equations.
Pre‐Hispanic howler monkeys from two sites of northern Venezuela and the Orinocan connection: An archaeoprimatological study
Authors: Urbani Bernardo , Rodríguez Johan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSkeletal fragments of ursine howler monkeys (Alouatta, A. cf. arctoidea) recovered from two archaeological sites in northern Venezuela are discussed in this article. Osteological remains, material culture evidence, and historical records are put together using an archaeoprimatological approach in order to investigate the relationships between the pre‐Hispanic human societies in this region of South America and this primate taxon. The remains of howler monkeys studied suggest that Indigenous peoples of Arawakan linguistic affiliation of Orinocan origin interacted with nonhuman primates in northern Venezuela before AD 800. This interaction encompasses different meanings: the howler as a possible pet or hunting prey and thus a source of food, and the howler as a reference with symbolic value.
Use of cardiac radiation therapy as bridging therapy to CAR‐T for relapsed pediatric B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Marquez Cesar P. , Montiel‐Esparza Raul , Hui Caressa , Schultz Liora M. , Davis Kara L. , Hoppe Richard T. , Donaldson Sarah S. , Ramakrishna Sneha , Hiniker Susan M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe use of radiotherapy as bridging therapy to chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy (CAR‐T) in pre‐B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) has been minimally explored. Here, we present a boy with B‐ALL who relapsed after allogeneic bone marrow transplant with disseminated disease, including significant symptomatic cardiovascular and gastrointestinal (GI) involvement. The cardiac and GI leukemic infiltrates were successfully treated with bridging radiation therapy (BRT) prior to CAR‐T infusion. Using this approach, he successfully tolerated CAR‐T with no evidence of disease or sequelae on 3‐month follow‐up. This is the first reported case of safe and effective delivery of cardiac BRT in B‐ALL.
Thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties of epoxy polymer/EPU blends reinforced by low concentration of octaaminophenyl POSS
Authors: Yi Hongling , Zhang Mingfei , Yao Donggang , Gong Weiguang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEpoxy matrix nanocomposites were prepared by diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) modified with epoxide polyurethane (EPU) containing oxazone‐group and reinforced by low concentrations of octaaminophenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OAPOSS). The thermal, mechanical, and thermomechanical properties of as‐prepared hybrid nanocomposites were studied. The results demonstrate that the thermal stability, tensile strength, glass transition temperature, and storage modulus of epoxy polymer/EPU blends are all significantly improved with OAPOSS as an reinforcement. The inclusion of EPU in the epoxy polymer helps improve the toughness of the matrix, providing higher impact strength, and higher elongation at break. Tribological testing shows that the wear rate of the hybrid nanocomposite is reduced by more than 80% at 0.1 wt% OAPOSS compared with pure epoxy‐EPU, while the friction coefficient is nearly unchanged. SEM‐EDS analysis of worn scar indicates that the wear mechanism of OAPOSS incorporated hybrid composites is the coexistence of abrasive wear and adhesive wear. The improved properties are due to the uniform dispersion of OAPOSS in the epoxy‐EPU matrix and network formation by cross‐linking and chemical bonds from OAPOSS reacted with epoxy‐EPU matrix.
Relationship between arginase genes polymorphisms and preschool wheezing phenotypes
Authors: Gokmirza Ozdemir Pinar , Eker Damla , Celik Velat , Beken Burcin , Gurkan Hakan , Yazicioglu Mehtap , Sut Necdet 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe association between arginase I (ARG1) and arginase II (ARG2) genes and asthma has been reported in previous studies, but associations between polymorphisms in ARG genes and preschool wheezing (PSW) phenotypes are still unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the association between genetic variation in ARG1 and ARG2 genes and PSW phenotypes.MethodsWe enrolled 83 patients and 86 healthy controls. The patient group included two subgroups: episodic wheezing (EW) (n = 42, median age 41 months) and multiple‐trigger wheezing (MW) (n = 41, median age 39 months). We genotyped six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ARG1 and six SNPs in ARG2. Eighteen haplotypes for ARG1 and 31 haplotypes for ARG2 were constituted, and the distributions of SNPs and haplotypes in patients and controls were analyzed.ResultsThe frequency of the homozygote cytosine‐cytosine (CC) genotype of ARG1 rs2781667T>C SNP and the ARG1 haplotype 4 in the MW group was significantly higher than the EW group (p = .002; odd ratios [OR]: 5.25; confidence interval [CI]: 1.9–14.51 and p < .001; OR: 7.77; CI: 2.54–23.74, respectively). The frequency of the ARG1 haplotype 5 was significantly higher but the frequency of ARG1 haplotype 9 was significantly lower in the all patients than in the healty controls (p = .019; OR: 10.34; CI: 1.28–83.53 and p = .015; OR: 0.093; CI:0.01–0.74, respectively). The frequency of the ARG1 haplotype 2 was significantly higher in the EW group than in the MW group (p = .014; OR: 5.68; CI: 1.48–21.8).ConclusionVariations in ARG1 may potentially be related to phenotypes and risk of PSW.
SpheriCal®‐ESI: A dendrimer‐based nine‐point calibration solution ranging from m/z 273 to 1716 for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry peptide analysis
Authors: Romson Joakim , Freiholtz Oliver , Saeed Anher , Soto Kronberg Adrián , Thomas Athea , Godfrey Jamie , Malkoch Michael , Grayson Scott M. , Emmer Åsa 
Published: December 2020

RationaleA calibration solution for mass spectrometry needs to cover the range of interest with intense and sufficiently narrowly spaced peaks. Limited options fulfilling this may lead to compromises between performance and ease of use. SpheriCal®‐ESI was designed to combine high calibration performance for electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric analysis of peptides in positive mode with quick and easy use.MethodsThe developed calibration solution was tested using three mass spectrometers: two ion traps and one tandem quadrupole. The m/z errors of SpheriCal®‐ESI itself and of a tryptic digest of cytochrome C were measured after calibration. The results were compared with those achieved with ESI Tuning Mix. The memory effects of the dendrimers, and contamination from Na+ in the calibration solution, were evaluated.ResultsSpheriCal®‐ESI showed good shelf life as powder and was quickly reconstituted for use. Achieving intense and stable signals was straightforward. The accuracies and precisions were as expected for the instruments. SpheriCal®‐ESI was more precise and at least as accurate as ESI Tuning Mix. The memory effects and Na+ contamination were found to be negligible in typical peptide solvents. In addition, the dendrimers showed predictable dissociations with product ions common to collision‐induced dissociation in both ion trap and tandem quadrupole mass spectrometers.ConclusionsSpheriCal®‐ESI provided easily accessible calibration by showing intense signals at low infusion rates and at source settings equal or similar to those used in peptide analysis. Nine calibration points in the range of interest gave precise and accurate results. Memory effects and contamination were negligible even without rinsing.
Pulmonary mucormycosis masquerading as endobronchial tumour in an immunocompetent pregnant young lady
Authors: Ng Khai Lip , Huan Nai‐Chien , Nasaruddin Mona Zaria , Muhammad Noorul Afidza , Daut Ummi Nadira , Abdul Rahaman Jamalul Azizi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPulmonary mucormycosis is a rare but rapidly progressing and life‐threatening fungal infection, usually affecting immunocompromised patients. We report a case of a previously healthy young lady who presented with prolonged cough, weight loss, and haemoptysis. Imaging showed left hilar mass with infiltration into the left main bronchus and concurrent mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed an endobronchial mass occluding the left main bronchus. Tumour debulking was performed using rigid bronchoscopy with cryoprobe and snares. Histopathological examination revealed inflamed tissue with fungal organism. Fungal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed Rhizopus microsporus. She was treated with two weeks of intravenous amphotericin‐B with complete clinical and radiological resolution.
Towards automating construction tasks: Large‐scale object mapping, segmentation, and manipulation
Authors: Mascaro Ruben , Wermelinger Martin , Hutter Marco , Chli Margarita 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAutomating building processes through robotic systems has the potential to address the need for safer, more efficient, and sustainable construction operations. While ongoing research effort often targets the use of prefabricated materials in controlled environments, here we focus on utilizing objects found on‐site, such as irregularly shaped rocks and rubble, as a way of enabling novel types of construction in remote and extreme environments, where standard building materials might not be easily accessible. In this article, we present a perception and grasp pose planning pipeline for autonomous manipulation of objects of interest with a robotic walking excavator. The system incrementally builds a LiDAR‐based map of the robot's surroundings and provides the ability to register externally reconstructed point clouds of the scene, for example, from images captured by a drone‐borne camera, which helps increasing map coverage. In addition, object‐like instances, such as stones, are segmented out of this map. Based on this information, collision‐free grasping poses for the robotic manipulator are planned to enable picking and placing of these objects, while keeping track of them during the manipulation. The approach is validated in a real setting on an architectural relevant scale by segmenting and manipulating boulders of several hundred kilograms, which is a first step towards the full automation of dry‐stack wall building processes. Video – https://youtu.be/4bc5n2-zj3Q
Using very‐high‐resolution satellite imagery and deep learning to detect and count African elephants in heterogeneous landscapes
Authors: Duporge Isla , Isupova Olga , Reece Steven , Macdonald David W. , Wang Tiejun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSatellites allow large‐scale surveys to be conducted in short time periods with repeat surveys possible at intervals of <24 h. Very‐high‐resolution satellite imagery has been successfully used to detect and count a number of wildlife species in open, homogeneous landscapes and seascapes where target animals have a strong contrast with their environment. However, no research to date has detected animals in complex heterogeneous environments or detected elephants from space using very‐high‐resolution satellite imagery and deep learning. In this study, we apply a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) model to automatically detect and count African elephants in a woodland savanna ecosystem in South Africa. We use WorldView‐3 and 4 satellite data –the highest resolution satellite imagery commercially available. We train and test the model on 11 images from 2014 to 2019. We compare the performance accuracy of the CNN against human accuracy. Additionally, we apply the model on a coarser resolution satellite image (GeoEye‐1) captured in Kenya, without any additional training data, to test if the algorithm can generalize to an elephant population outside of the training area. Our results show that the CNN performs with high accuracy, comparable to human detection capabilities. The detection accuracy (i.e., F2 score) of the CNN models was 0.78 in heterogeneous areas and 0.73 in homogenous areas. This compares with the detection accuracy of the human labels with an averaged F2 score 0.77 in heterogeneous areas and 0.80 in homogenous areas. The CNN model can generalize to detect elephants in a different geographical location and from a lower resolution satellite. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of applying state‐of‐the‐art satellite remote sensing and deep learning technologies for detecting and counting African elephants in heterogeneous landscapes. The study showcases the feasibility of using high resolution satellite imagery as a promising new wildlife surveying technique. Through creation of a customized training dataset and application of a Convolutional Neural Network, we have automated the detection of elephants in satellite imagery with accuracy as high as human detection capabilities. The success of the model to detect elephants outside of the training data site demonstrates the generalizability of the technique.
Experimental Evaluation of Reduction Technique for Time Delay of Turning Off Light to Occupancy Lighting Control
Authors: Futagami Takuya , Hayasaka Noboru , Taniguchi Ittetsu , Onoye Takao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, we clarify the effectiveness of the energy‐effective techniques for the occupancy lighting control that is based on an occupancy sensor. The time delay from detecting no occupant to turning off the light is used for performing the occupancy control to avoid erroneously turning off the light (hereafter referred to as false‐off). Our experiment was conducted at an actual home environment over 8 days. We evaluated the performance of an image‐based sensor, which detects the occupants using image‐processing techniques and time‐delay adaptation, which decreases the time delay without false‐off. Compared with a passive infrared sensor, the image‐based sensor increased the average sensing accuracy for occupants with small movements by 21.58% or more. In addition, compared with the no‐adaptation case, the time‐delay adaptation increased the rate of average lighting energy saving by 3.94% or more. However, the experimental results suggested that the parameter of the time‐delay adaptation should be carefully set in terms of the energy‐saving effect and false‐off. The analysis and its practical discussions are included in this paper to achieve further energy efficiency. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Advancing Evidence‐Based Instruction for the Public Good
Authors: Trolian Teniell L. , Culver KC 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs institutions are called to demonstrate student learning outcomes, how can our knowledge about student learning and instructional practices be used to better support and assess learning? What can institutional leaders, instructional development professionals, and instructors do to improve instructional practice? What future research complements existing knowledge to enhance teaching and learning in higher education?
Mass-suppressed effects in heavy quark diffusion
Authors: Bouttefeux A. , Laine M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Many lattice studies of heavy quark diffusion originate from a colour-electric correlator, obtained as a leading term after an expansion in the inverse of the heavy-quark mass. In view of the fact that the charm quark is not particularly heavy, we consider subleading terms in the expansion. Working out correlators up to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1/M2), we argue that the leading corrections are suppressed by $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(T/M), and one of them can be extracted from a colour-magnetic correlator. The corresponding transport coefficient is non-perturbative already at leading order in the weak-coupling expansion, and therefore requires a non­perturbative determination.