bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-reflux mucosal ablation (ARMA) as a new treatment for gastroesophageal reflux refractory to proton pump inhibitors: a pilot study
Authors: Inoue Haruhiro , Tanabe Mayo , de Santiago Enrique Rodríguez , Abad Mary Raina Angeli , Shimamura Yuto , Fujiyoshi Yusuke , Ueno Akiko , Sumi Kazuya , Tomida Hideomi , Iwaya Yugo , Ikeda Haruo , Onimaru Manabu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The incidence of proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been increasing. While surgical intervention with Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication remains the gold standard, less invasive anti-reflux interventions are desired. We have developed a minimally invasive anti-reflux mucosal ablation (ARMA) treatment. Herein, we report its technical details and describe its feasibility, safety, and efficacy in PPI-refractory GERD.
Methods We conducted a prospective single-center single-arm interventional trial evaluating the outcome of ARMA in 12 patients with PPI-refractory GERD. GERD-Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (GERD-HRQL) evaluation, Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD (FSSG) assessment, and impedance-pH monitoring were performed at baseline and at 2 months post-ARMA.
Results A total of 12 patients underwent ARMA with a median follow-up duration of 9 months (range: 6 – 14 months). Median GERD-HRQL score significantly improved from 30.5 to 12 (P = 0.002); median FSSG score significantly improved from 25 to 10.5 (P = 0.002), and median DeMeester score decreased from 33.5 to 2.8 (P = 0.049) at 2 months follow-up. No immediate complications were observed.
Conclusion Our pilot study has shown that ARMA, a new endoscopic treatment for PPI-refractory GERD, is simple, safe, and improves GERD-related symptoms and objective acid reflux parameters.
Feedback from artificial intelligence improved the learning of junior endoscopists on histology prediction of gastric lesions
Authors: Lui Thomas K.L. , Wong Kenneth K.Y. , Mak Loey L.Y. , To Elvis W.P. , Tsui Vivien W.M. , Deng Zijie , Guo Jiaqi , Ni Li , Cheung Michael K.S. , Leung Wai K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted image classification has been shown to have high accuracy on endoscopic diagnosis. We evaluated the potential effects of use of an AI-assisted image classifier on training of junior endoscopists for histological prediction of gastric lesions.
Methods An AI image classifier was built on a convolutional neural network with five convolutional layers and three fully connected layers A Resnet backbone was trained by 2,000 non-magnified endoscopic gastric images. The independent validation set consisted of another 1,000 endoscopic images from 100 gastric lesions. The first part of the validation set was reviewed by six junior endoscopists and the prediction of AI was then disclosed to three of them (Group A) while the remaining three (Group B) were not provided this information. All endoscopists reviewed the second part of the validation set independently.
Results The overall accuracy of AI was 91.0 % (95 % CI: 89.2–92.7 %) with 97.1 % sensitivity (95 % CI: 95.6–98.7%), 85.9 % specificity (95 % CI: 83.0–88.4 %) and 0.91 area under the ROC (AUROC) (95 % CI: 0.89–0.93). AI was superior to all junior endoscopists in accuracy and AUROC in both validation sets. The performance of Group A endoscopists but not Group B endoscopists improved on the second validation set (accuracy 69.3 % to 74.7 %; P = 0.003).
Conclusion The trained AI image classifier can accurately predict presence of neoplastic component of gastric lesions. Feedback from the AI image classifier can also hasten the learning curve of junior endoscopists in predicting histology of gastric lesions.
Diagnostic yield and agreement on fine-needle specimens from solid pancreatic lesions: comparing the smear technique to liquid-based cytology
Authors: van Riet Priscilla A. , Quispel Rutger , Cahen Djuna L. , Snijders-Kruisbergen Mieke C. , van Loenen Petri , Erler Nicole S. , Poley Jan-Werner , van Driel Lydi M. J. W. , Mulder Sanna A. , Veldt Bart J. , Leeuwenburgh Ivonne , Anten Marie-Paule G. F. , Honkoop Pieter , Thijssen Annemieke Y. , Hol Lieke , Hadithi Mohammed , Fitzpatrick Claire E. , Schot Ingrid , Bergmann Jilling F. , Bhalla Abha , Bruno Marco J. , Biermann Katharina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims The traditional “smear technique” for processing and assessing endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is sensitive to artifacts. Processing and evaluation of specimens collected in a liquid medium, liquid-based cytology (LBC) may be a solution. We compared the diagnostic value of EUS-FNA smears to LBC in pancreatic solid lesions in the absence of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE).
Patients and methods Consecutive patients who required EUS-FNA of a solid pancreatic lesion were included in seven hospitals in the Netherlands and followed for at least 12 months. Specimens from the first pass were split into two smears and a vial for LBC (using ThinPrep and/or Cell block). Smear and LBC were compared in terms of diagnostic accuracy for malignancy, sample quality, and diagnostic agreement between three cytopathologists.
Results Diagnostic accuracy for malignancy was higher for LBC (82 % (58/71)) than for smear (66 % (47/71), P = 0.04), but did not differ when smears were compared to ThinPrep (71 % (30/42), P = 0.56) or Cell block (62 % (39/63), P = 0.61) individually. Artifacts were less often present in ThinPrep (57 % (24/42), P = 0.02) or Cell block samples (40 % (25/63), P < 0.001) than smears (76 % (54/71)). Agreement on malignancy was equally good for smears and LBC (ĸ = 0.71 versus ĸ = 0.70, P = 0.98), but lower for ThinPrep (ĸ = 0.26, P = 0.01) than smears.
Conclusion After a single pass, LBC provides higher diagnostic accuracy than the conventional smear technique for EUS-FNA of solid pancreatic lesions in the absence of ROSE. Therefore, LBC, may be an alternative to the conventional smear technique, especially in centers lacking ROSE.
Safety and effectiveness of balloon cryoablation for treatment of Barrett’s associated neoplasia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Westerveld Donevan R. , Nguyen Khaai , Banerjee Debdeep , Jacobs Chelsea , Kadle Nikhil , Draganov Peter V. , Yang Dennis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Balloon cryoablation (BC) is a novel procedure for endoscopic ablation of Barrett’s esophagus (BE- associated neoplasia. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of BC for treatment of BE neoplasia.
Patients and methods Several databases were searched for relevant articles (PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EMBASE) as well as abstracts of recent gastroenterology meetings. Data extraction was performed by two investigators using standardized forms, including age, gender, length of BE segment, prior treatments, procedural time and number ablation sessions, technical feasibility, adverse events, and eradication rates of intestinal metaplasia (CE-IM) and dysplasia (CE-D) at follow-up. Quality of the studies was assessed using a modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale.
Results Seven studies met inclusion criteria for a total of 548 ablation sessions in 272 patients. The most common histopathology reported prior to BC was high-grade dysplasia (n = 131), followed by low-grade dysplasia (n = 75), and intramucosal adenocarcinoma (n = 52). The pooled rate for technical feasibility was 95.8 % (95 % CI: 93.6–97.5 %; I2 = 13.2 %; P = 0.3). Pooled rates of CE-IM and CE-D were 85.8 % (95 % CI: 77.8–92.2 %, I2 = 55.5 %; p = 0.04) and 93.8 % (95 % CI: 85.5–98.7 %, I2 = 74.2 %; P = 0.001), respectively. The overall adverse event (AE) rate was 12.5 % (34 out of 272 patients), of which stricture formation was the most common (5.8 %), followed by mucosal laceration (0.7 %), perforation (0.4 %), and bleeding (0.4 %). All AEs were successfully managed endoscopically.
Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that BC is a safe and effective ablative technique for treatment of BE neoplasia; future prospective comparative trials are needed to corroborate these initial findings.
Interdisziplinäres Management von Tumoren der Lid- und Periorbitalregion
Authors: Heichel Jens , Reich Waldemar , Stadie Volker , Viestenz Arne , Eckert Alexander 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Vorzugslokalisation eines Hautmalignoms ist die sonnenexponierte Gesichts- und Halshaut. Das Basalzellkarzinom macht hierbei den Hauptanteil aus. Unter Berücksichtigung der Demografie ist perspektivisch von einem steigenden Therapiebedarf auszugehen. Aus Sicht der Resektion und Rekonstruktion ist die Region der Lider sehr anspruchsvoll und sollte in ausgewählten Fällen interdisziplinär behandelt werden. Das Ziel der Analyse war es, erste Behandlungsergebnisse interdisziplinär therapierter Patienten mit einem Hautmalignom der Lid- und Periorbitalregion zu erfassen.
Material und Methoden Im Rahmen einer prospektiven Pilotstudie in der Zeit von September 2017 bis Juli 2019 wurden alle Patienten mit einem nicht pigmentierten Hautmalignom und klinischem Verdacht auf ein Basalzellkarzinom der Lider und Periorbitalregion erfasst. Die Krankheitsverläufe aller interdisziplinär (Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie und Ophthalmologie) betreuten Patienten wurden ausgewertet und die klinischen sowie histologischen Parameter in einer Datenbank dokumentiert. Von besonderem Interesse waren die Lokalisation, die Tumorentität, der Resektionsstatus inklusive definitiver Histologie und das rekonstruktive Konzept.
Ergebnisse Im Beobachtungszeitraum wurden 349 Patienten (162 Frauen, 187 Männer) im Alter von 12 bis 98 Jahren eingeschlossen. Hiervon wurden 14 Patienten interdisziplinär behandelt. Dies waren 6 Frauen (Durchschnittsalter 80,3 Jahre) und 8 Männer (Durchschnittsalter 65,3 Jahre). Histologisch handelte es sich um Basalzellkarzinome (n = 10) und um Plattenepithelkarzinome (n = 3). Einmal wurde lediglich eine aktinische Keratose nachgewiesen. Es konnte in allen Fällen eine R0-Resektion erzielt werden, wobei 8 der Patienten ein zweizeitiges operatives Vorgehen erhielten und 6 Patienten einzeitig operiert wurden. In einem Fall musste zweimalig nachreseziert werden.
Diskussion Die Lid- und Periorbitalregion stellt eine operative Herausforderung dar, welche in der Kooperation aus Ophthalmologen und Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgen umgesetzt werden sollte. Nicht selten weisen die Malignome eine erhebliche Tiefeninfiltration auf, wodurch totale Resektionen der Lidregion inklusive angrenzender Gewebestrukturen für einen R0-Status nötig werden. Entsprechend erfordert die rekonstruktive Strategie die Ausnutzung und gegebenenfalls Kombination des kompletten plastisch-chirurgischen Repertoires beider Fachdisziplinen.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Nair Sanjeev , Kolla Praveen Kumar , Desai Madhav , Mohan Pathapati Rama , K. Ramalingam , R. Aruna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and aim : Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease shows considerable variability in clinical features, including differences in severity of hypertension, rate of decline of renal function and variability in rate of cystogenesis, which are not fully explained by the genetic heterogeneity of this disease. Many different modifier variables have been proposed to explain this variability. This study aims to look at the role played by polymorphism of the ACE gene as a possible modifier in the clinical course and rapidity of progression. Material and Methods : Thirty seven patients diagnosed as ADPKD were recruited to the study. Clinical data were provided by questionnaires. Blood was collected for the determination of the ACE Insertion/Deletion (I/D) polymorphism genotype. The ACE genotype was also determined in a general control population (n = 40). The data was analyzed using the SPSS software. ACE genotype polymorphism frequencies were compared across groups using the one-way ANOVA tests. λ2 cross tabulation statistics was used to test for difference between frequency data. Results: The ACE genotype distribution showed no differences between the study (II 29.7%, ID 43.2%, DD 27.1%) and the control (II 35%, ID 45%, DD 20%) populations. Although patients on hemodialysis had a significantly higher Blood Pressure levels (p = 0.004) when compared to non-dialysis patients, no significant differences were demonstrated between genotypes of the study population. No difference was also demonstrated between the genotypes for rate of decline in renal function. Conclusion : No relationship between the ACE I/D polymorphism in ADPKD patients and severity of hypertension or progression towards ESRD was demonstrated.
Regression analysis for estimation of tibial length using dimensions of its distal end - A South Indian population study
Authors: KV Sarala Devi , K. Udhaya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aim of study: Estimation of length of bone is an important method used to assess stature of an individual in forensic anthropology. Our study is aimed at estimation of length of tibia from the dimensions of its distal end and so an attempt has been made to look into the accuracy of correlation between the length and dimensions of distal end of tibia in south Indian population. Materials and methods: A collection of 270 dried adult normal human tibias of both sexes from the Department of Anatomy, Vinayaka Mission's Kirupanandha Variyar Medical College, Annapoorana Medical College and Vinayaka Mission's Homeopathy Medical College, Salem were included in this study. The length of tibia was measured using osteometric board. Height and width of fibular notch, height and width of medial malleolus, length and width of talar facet were measured using digital Vernier caliper. Statistical analysis was carried out to find out the correlation between the length and dimensions of distal end of tibia. Results : All the parametric variables showed positive correlation with the length of tibia. Regression equations were derived from stepwise analysis with different models. The equations derived showed moderate correlation with relatively low accuracy. Conclusion : These equations may be cautiously used to estimate length of tibia approximately when there are only distal fragments of bone is available for examination.
Diversifying beam species through decay and recapture ion trapping: a demonstrative experiment at TITAN-EBIT
Authors: Leistenschneider E , Klawitter R , Lennarz A , Alanssari M , Bale J C , Barquest B R , Chowdhury U , Finlay A , Gallant A T , Kootte B , Lascar D , Leach K G , Mayer A J , Short D , Andreoiu C , Gwinner G , Wieser M E , Dilling J , Kwiatkowski A A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Recapturing the recoiling daughters from radioactive decay can be a simple way to diversify beam availability at rare isotope beam facilities. In the decay and recapture ion trapping (DRIT) technique, a parent species is stored in an ion trap and left to decay, and the daughter ions are recaptured by the trap and become available for use. We successfully demonstrated the technique using the electron beam ion trap (EBIT) at the TITAN facility. A pure cloud of 30Mg ions was stored in the EBIT for about one half-life and sent to a Penning trap mass spectrometer, which confirmed the production of 30Al daughter ions. Systematic measurements and simulations suggest high recapture efficiencies of the recoil ion and little influence of the recoiling energy in the observed losses. With the secondary beam, we also performed precision mass measurements of the parent 30Mg8+ and the daughter 30Al11+ ions. Our results agree with the literature and improve its precision. The success of this experiment shows that EBITs can produce high-quality beams through the DRIT technique.
Characterizing extreme laser intensities by ponderomotive acceleration of protons from rarified gas
Authors: Vais O E , Thomas A G R , Maksimchuk A M , Krushelnick K , Bychenkov V Yu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A new method to diagnose extreme laser intensities through measurement of angular and spectral distributions of protons directly accelerated by the laser focused into a rarefied gas is proposed. We simulated a laser pulse focused by an off-axis parabolic mirror by Stratton–Chu integrals, that enables description of laser pulse with different spatial-temporal profiles focusing in a focal spot down to the diffraction limit, that makes our theoretical predictions be a basis for experimental realization. The relationship between characteristics of the proton distributions and parameters of the laser pulse have been analyzed. The analytical and numerical results obtained justify the new method of laser diagnostics. The proposed scheme should be valuable for the commissioning of new extreme intensity laser facilities.
Azimuthal asymmetries of hadrons produced in unpolarized SIDIS at COMPASS
Authors: Moretti A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The asymmetry in the azimuthal angle distribution of hadrons produced in unpolarized Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) carries information on the intrinsic transverse momentum of the quark

k
→

T

and on the still unknown Boer-Mulders parton distribution function

h
1
⊥

. Using the data collected in 2016 and 2017 with 160 GeV/c muon beams scattering off a liquid hydrogen target, the COMPASS Collaboration is measuring the azimuthal asymmetries

A

U
U

cos

ϕ
h

,

A

U
U

cos
2

ϕ
h

and

A

L
U

sin

ϕ
h

for charged hadrons. The preliminary results shown here confirm the strong kinematic dependencies observed in previous measurements conducted by COMPASS, HERMES and CLAS. The contribution from hadrons produced in the decay of vector mesons diffractively produced is also discussed.
Leveraging machine learning for predicting flash flood damage in the Southeast US
Authors: Alipour Atieh , Ahmadalipour Ali , Abbaszadeh Peyman , Moradkhani Hamid 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Flash flood is a recurrent natural hazard with substantial impacts in the Southeast US (SEUS) due to the frequent torrential rainfalls that occur in the region, which are triggered by tropical storms, thunderstorms, and hurricanes. Flash floods are costly natural hazards, primarily due to their rapid onset. Therefore, predicting property damage of flash floods is imperative for proactive disaster management. Here, we present a systematic framework that considers a variety of features explaining different components of risk (i.e. hazard, vulnerability, and exposure), and examine multiple machine learning methods to predict flash flood damage. A large database of flash flood events consisting of more than 14 000 events are assessed for training and testing the methodology, while a multitude of data sources are utilized to acquire reliable information related to each event. A variable selection approach was employed to alleviate the complexity of the dataset and facilitate the model development process. The random forest (RF) method was then used to map the identified input covariates to a target variable (i.e. property damage). The RF model was implemented in two modes: first, as a binary classifier to estimate if a region of interest was damaged in any particular flood event, and then as a regression model to predict the amount of property damage associated with each event. The results indicate that the proposed approach is successful not only for classifying damaging events (with an accuracy of 81%), but also for predicting flash flood damage with a good agreement with the observed property damage. This study is among the few efforts for predicting flash flood damage across a large domain using mesoscale input variables, and the findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Adsorption potential of macroporous Amberlyst-15 for Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Razzaq Rabil , Shah Khizar Hussain , Fahad Muhammad , Naeem Abdul , Sherazi Tauqir A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The macroporous ion exchange resins are unique and most suitable for the adsorption of heavy metal ions due to their porous three-dimensional structures and large specific surface areas. In the current investigation, a macroporous sulphonic acid cation exchange resin Amberlyst-15 was implemented for the adsorption of Cd (II) using batch adsorption technique to evaluate its removal efficiency. The characterization of resin surface was performed by several techniques: Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and Point of zero charge (PZC). The effects of various experimental parameters such as time, temperature, concentration, pH and dosage amount were examined in detail. The optimum pH for maximum uptake of Cd(II) onto the Amberlyst.15 was observed at pH 3 showing the efficient working of resin under highly acidic conditions. The results also proved that Amberlyst-15 showed tremendous adsorption potential toward Cd(II) removal; 99.95% removal within 30 min reaction time and 2.01 mmol g−1 maximum adsorption capacity at 323 K. The adsorption data was well described by Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo second order models. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that the adsorption was endothermic, spontaneous and feasible process with increased randomness at resin surface. The free energy of adsorption (E) (13–15 kJ mol−1) determined from Dubinin-Radushkevitch (D-R) model proved the ion exchange reaction mechanism for Cd(II) adsorption. The experimental results reported herein validate that Amberlyst.15 resin is a promising adsorbent for the enhanced removal of Cd(II) and other toxic metals from contaminated water and waste effluents.
Effect of Sr and La co-doping on structural and electrical properties of RF sputtered PZT thin films
Authors: Kathiresan M , Manikandan C , Premkumar S , Varadarajan E , Natarajan V , Jayaraj M K , Santhanakrishnan T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Doping in lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) thin films is on the rise for next generation micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and energy harvesting applications, owing to their improved ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Strontium, lanthanum and neodymium like elements are the most exploited for such applications. This paper reports realization of a PZT thin film with strontium and lanthanum co-doping in tandem, Pb1−x−3y/2Sr
x
La
y
(Zr0.56Ti0.44)O3
x = 0.06, y = 0.03 (PSLZT), by RF sputtering process. Different process conditions like substrate temperature from 250 °C–350 °C and annealing temperature from 650 °C–750 °C are studied to achieve pyrochlore free PSLZT thin film. The structure, surface morphology, surface topography and ferroelectric characteristics are investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and P-E analyser, respectively. Nanoscale polarization switching processes and the local surface displacements are studied to ascertain that the PSLZT thin film exhibits the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Experimental results reveal that the present PSLZT thin film has a polarization of 5.5 μC cm−2, leakage current density of 10−5 A cm−2 and piezoelectric charge coefficient, d33, of 87 pm V−1, which are suitable for realization of various new piezoelectric MEMS sensors.