bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of T‐Cell Functionality After Flow Cytometry Sorting Revealed p38 MAPK Activation
Authors: Andrä Immanuel , Ulrich Hanna , Dürr Susi , Soll Dominik , Henkel Lynette , Angerpointner Corinne , Ritter Julia , Przibilla Sabine , Stadler Herbert , Effenberger Manuel , Busch Dirk H. , Schiemann Matthias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCell alterations during isolation and preparation for flow cytometry cell sorting by antibodies, temperature, homogenization, buffer composition and mitogens are well known. In contrast, little is known about cell alteration caused by the instrument or the sorting process itself. We systematically evaluated cellular responses to different sorter‐induced physical forces. In summary, flow cytometry cell‐sorting induced forces can affect cellular signaling cascades, especially the MAPK p38. Functional assays, related to the p38 MAPK pathway, of human primary T cells after flow cytometry sorting did lead to minor physiological modulation but no functional impairments. © 2020 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Bacterial Community Diversity Dynamics Highlight Degrees of Nestedness and Turnover Patterns
Authors: Liu Zishu , Müller Susann 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBacterial communities change their structure rapidly due to short generation times of their members. How bacteria assemble to certain structures provides insight into ecological mechanisms that shape a bacterial community. Microbial community flow cytometry was used to create community fingerprints based on subcommunity distributions and to visualize the dynamic variations of 10 independently grown communities under equal conditions. Inventory diversity values were recorded by α‐ and γ‐diversity whereas the degree of subsistence of subcommunities (nestedness) and the degree of gain or loss of subcommunities (turnover) was calculated as multi‐sites ß‐diversity terms ßNES and ßSIM. Numbers of unique subcommunities of pairwise samples were determined by intra‐ and inter‐community ß‐diversity values. Although all communities were exposed to niche‐differentiating conditions they assembled to disparate structures. In our study, the turnover coefficients were high (> 0.6), while the nestedness coefficients were complementary low in the separate 10 bioreactors. Intra‐ and inter‐community ß‐diversity values indicated fast community shifts. Microbial community flow cytometry straightforwardly identifies the dominance and subsistence of subsets of cells in a community or the degree of their replacement. The calculation of either turnover or nestedness patterns might have implications in medical, biotechnological, or environmental research. © 2020 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Extraordinary long detection window of a synthetic cannabinoid metabolite in human urine – Potential impact on therapeutic decisions
Authors: Franz Florian , Haschimi Belal , King Leslie A. , Auwärter Volker 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoids (SCs) have become established drugs of abuse. They play an increasing role in drug therapy, where abstinence control testing is required. Differentiation between recent drug uptake and uptake in the distant past is important for drug therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the detection window of a metabolite commonly used as a consumption marker for AB‐FUBINACA and AMB‐FUBINACA (synonym: FUB‐AMB) in urine analysis. The acidic hydrolysis metabolite was quantified in urine samples of a drug user by applying a validated analytical method. The concentration profile of the metabolite was correlated with usage data of the subject. Pharmacokinetic properties of AB‐FUBINACA were collected by analysis of serum and urine samples from a controlled administration study (single oral ingestion of AB‐FUBINACA). Thirteen urine samples were taken without advance notice over 2 years. The metabolite was detected in the first urine sample at 0.77 ng/mg creatinine and subsequently in concentrations ranging from 0.06 to 0.29 ng/mg creatinine. Usage data showed credible abstinence from SCs during this period. The pharmacokinetic properties observed within the controlled self‐administration study supported the hypothesis of distribution into deeper compartments and long‐lasting elimination (serum concentration–time curve showing biphasic kinetics). An elimination phase of over 1 year after the last drug uptake seems plausible in cases of extensive consumption. To avoid misinterpretation of positive findings, we recommend testing patients with known SC use at the beginning of the abstinence program and to re‐test continuously at short time intervals. These data enable the correct interpretation of analytical findings.
Seeing beyond the trees: a comparison of tropical and temperate plant growth forms and their vertical distribution
Authors: Spicer Michelle Elise , Mellor Hannah , Carson Walter P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractForests are the most diverse and productive terrestrial ecosystems on Earth, so sustainably managing them for the future is a major global challenge. Yet, our understanding of forest diversity relies almost exclusively on the study of trees. Here, we demonstrate unequivocally that other growth forms (shrubs, lianas, herbs, epiphytes) make up the majority of vascular plant species in both tropical and temperate forests. By comparing the relative distribution of species richness among plant growth forms for over 3,400 species in 18 forests in the Americas, we construct the first high‐resolution quantification of plant growth form diversity across two ecologically important regions at a near‐continental scale. We also quantify the physical distribution of plant species among forest layers, that is, where among the vertical strata plants ultimately live their adult lives, and show that plants are strongly downshifted in temperate forests vs. tropical forests. Our data illustrate a previously unquantified fundamental difference between tropical and temperate forests: what plant growth forms are most speciose, and where they ultimately live in the forest. Recognizing these differences requires that we re‐focus ecological research and forest management plans to encompass a broader suite of plant growth forms. This more holistic perspective is essential to conserve global biodiversity.
Key Considerations for Accurate Exposures in Ecotoxicological Assessments of Perfluorinated Carboxylates and Sulfonates
Authors: Rewerts Justin N. , Christie Emerson C. , Robel Alix E. , Anderson Todd A. , McCarthy Christopher , Salice Christopher J. , Field Jennifer A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Toxicity reference values for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) vary even when the same test organism is studied. Although the need to confirm dosing solution concentrations is widely accepted, there are no experimental data to inform best practices when PFAS solutions are prepared. Laboratory data indicate that dissolution time of PFAS solids causes statistically significant deviations between nominal and measured concentrations. Mixing times for select PFAS varied between 2 and 5 h, depending on carbon fluorine chain-length. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:677–688. © 2020 SETAC
Spectrally selective coating of nanoparticles (Co3O4:Cr2O3) incorporated in carbon to captivate solar energy
Authors: Abed Rasheed N. , Abdallh Mustafa , Adnan Rashad Alaa , Al‐Mohammedawi Haidar Ch. , Yousif Emad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInnovatory nanocomposite comprising nanomaterials Co3O4:Cr2O3 and carbon (fuel ash) was designed to absorb solar energy. Different concentration ratios of Co3O4 and Cr2O3 nanoparticles were utilized as a dopant for fuel thin films synthesis via spin and casting methods on glass and aluminum substrates. The optical properties of the modified films demonstrated in the range of 250 to 1300 nm. The data were interpreted in terms of a phonon‐assisted theory. Energy gap (Eg) of doped C was calculated with different concentration ratios of Co3O4:Cr2O3 (0.5:2.5, 1:2, 1.5:1.5, 2:1, 2.5:0.5) wt%, and fixed concentration of C in 7wt%. The results showed Eg of the doped samples in the range of 2.9 to 3.9 eV. In addition, the intensity of the solar radiation was measured. The absorptivity was in the range of 88 to 93.6%. The above results are comparable to those of semiconductors and have high absorptivity values when the nanocomposite was utilized on a flat plate collector as a coating to trap and absorb solar energy.
Numerical studies on heat and fluid flow of nanofluid in a partially heated vertical annulus
Authors: Ahmad Khan Suhail , Altamush Siddiqui M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA numerical investigation on natural convective heat transfer of nanofluid (Al2O3+water) inside a partially heated vertical annulus of high aspect ratio (352) has been carried out. The computational fluid dynamics solver Ansys Fluent is used for simulation and results are presented for various volume fraction of nanoparticles (0‐0.04) at different heat flux values (3‐12 kW/m2). Two well‐known correlations for evaluating thermal conductivity and viscosity have been used. Thus different combinations of the available correlations have been set to form four models (I, II, III, and IV). Therefore, a detailed analysis has been executed to identify effects of thermophysical properties on heat transfer and fluid flow of nanofluids using different models. The results show enhancement in heat transfer coefficient with volume fraction of nanoparticles. Highest enhancement achieved is found to be 14.17% based on model III, while the minimum is around 7.27% based on model II. Dispersion of nanoparticles in base fluid declines the Nusselt number and Reynolds number with different rates depending on various models. A generalized correlation is proposed for Nusselt number of nanofluids in the annulus in terms of volume fraction of nanoparticles, Rayleigh number, Reynolds number, and Prandtl number.
The Effect of Surface Roughness and Composition on Wetting and Corrosion of Al−Si Alloys
Authors: Behera Swaroop K , Suri Shvetashva , Salowitz Nathan P. , Nosonovsky Michael , Rohatgi Pradeep K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper presents results of wetting and corrosion of cast Al−Si alloys with composition varying from 7–50 wt% Si in contact with water. The dependency of the wetting angle and corrosion properties on the alloy composition, surface roughness, size of water droplets, and microstructure were studied. An increase in the Silicon content reduced the water contact angle (WCA) while an increase in the roughness and/or droplet size increased the WCA. No systematic variation in corrosion was found due to change in the Silicon content. The results are of interest for the development of lightweight (Al−Si) alloys with non‐wetting and corrosion‐resistant properties.
Race‐specific differences in the phase coherence between blood flow and oxygenation: A simultaneous NIRS, white light spectroscopy and LDF study
Authors: Abdulhameed Yunus A. , McClintock Peter V. E. , Stefanovska Aneta 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRace‐specific differences in the level of glycated hemoglobin are well known. However, these differences were detected by invasive measurement of mean oxygenation, and their understanding remains far from complete. Given that oxygen is delivered to the cells by hemoglobin through the cardiovascular system, a possible approach is to investigate the phase coherence between blood flow and oxygen transportation. Here we introduce a noninvasive optical method based on simultaneous recordings using NIRS, white light spectroscopy and LDF, combined with wavelet‐based phase coherence analysis. Signals were recorded simultaneously for individuals in two groups of healthy subjects, 16 from Sub‐Saharan Africa (BA group) and 16 Europeans (CA group). It was found that the power of myogenic oscillations in oxygenated and de‐oxygenated hemoglobin is higher in the BA group, but that the phase coherence between blood flow and oxygen saturation, or blood flow and hemoglobin concentrations is higher in the CA group
Short‐Term Glucocorticoid Treatment Reduces Circulating Sclerostin Concentrations in Healthy Young Men: A Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled, Double‐Blind Study
Authors: Jacobsson Merel , van Raalte Daniël H , Heijboer Annemieke C , den Heijer Martin , de Jongh Renate T 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTGlucocorticoid use is the most common cause of osteoporosis in young individuals. In the current study, we investigated the effects of glucocorticoid treatment on circulating sclerostin concentrations and serum bone turnover markers in healthy young men. We performed additional measurements in two combined randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, dose–response intervention studies: 64 healthy men (age: 22 ± 2 years; BMI: 22.1 ± 1.7 kg/m2) were allocated to receive placebo (n = 16), prednisolone 7.5 mg once daily (n = 24), or prednisolone 30 mg once daily (n = 24) for 2 weeks using block randomization. Primary outcome variables were serum sclerostin and serum bone turnover markers (CTx and P1NP), before and after the intervention. Baseline characteristics and variables did not differ between intervention groups. Compared with placebo, prednisolone high‐dose decreased serum sclerostin concentrations (−8.5 [−28.0 to 7.3] versus 1.5 [−6.5 to 20.0] pg/mL, p = 0.048), decreased P1NP concentrations (−28.0 [−39.3 to −18.3] versus –1.5 [−15.3 to 11.3] μg/L, p < 0.001) and increased CTx concentrations (108.0 [55.0 to 177.0] versus 64.0 [−24.3 to 120.0] ng/L, p = 0.038). Compared with placebo, prednisolone low‐dose did not alter sclerostin concentrations (p = 0.5) or CTx concentrations (p = 0.7), but tended to decrease P1NP concentrations (−9.0 [−24.0 to −1.3] versus –1.5 [−15.3 to 11.3] μg/L, p = 0.095). At baseline concentrations of sclerostin were positively correlated with concentrations of CTx (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ρ = +0.409, p = 0.001), but not with P1NP. No significant correlations were observed between changes in outcome variables during the interventions. Short‐term high‐dose, but not low‐dose, prednisolone treatment reduces serum sclerostin concentrations in healthy young men. Whether this reflects a counter regulatory mechanism to compensate glucocorticoid‐induced negative effects through other mechanisms remains to be elucidated. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Establishment of electrochemical methods to examine the adsorption of flotation surfactants onto a mineral surface
Authors: Guo Bao , Lin Xiaohui , Fu Weng , Ku Jiangang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSignificant efforts have been devoted to examine the adsorption of flotation surfactants in both mechanistic studies and process implementations. However, quantitative electrochemical methods for flotation surfactant adsorption examination have not been well‐established, despite of their low‐cost, accurate, in‐situ nature.RESULTSIn this paper, voltametric measurement was proven to quantitatively examine the adsorption of activating copper and lead ions onto a pyrite surface. The activation was achieved by abrading minerals in a heavy‐metal‐bearing solution and the measurements were performed by transferring the minerals to a solution free of those heavy metals. This provided a simple but realistic simulation of the mineral grinding process and simplified the adsorption quantification by excluding any other irrelevant electrochemical reactions near the surface. Reliable electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) upon adsorption with convincing physical models for interpreting the interfacial structures also were obtained in this paper. The additional pseudocapacitive behaviour of the copper sulfide surface layer led to an increased capacitance of the measured EIS. A resistive but ion‐permeable xanthate adsorption layer exhibited its own relaxation process. Voltammetry and impedance studies showed that cyanide competed with both copper and lead for their adsorption, whereas lead activation showed greater tolerance to cyanide than copper did.CONCLUSIONElectrochemical methods have been established to examine the adsorption of copper, lead and xanthate onto pyrite surface, in relation to various flotation conditions, which exhibited significant implication to the flotation of pyritic gold ore using cyanide‐bearing water. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
A method to assess primary stability of acetabular components in association with bone defects
Authors: Schierjott Ronja A. , Hettich Georg , Ringkamp Alexandra , Baxmann Marc , Morosato Federico , Damm Philipp , Grupp Thomas M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to develop a simplified acetabular bone defect model based on a representative clinical case, derive four bone defect increments from the simplified defect to establish a step‐wise testing procedure, and analyze the impact of bone defect and bone defect filling on primary stability of a press‐fit cup in the smallest defined bone defect increment. The original bone defect was approximated with nine reaming procedures and by exclusion of specific procedures, four defect increments were derived. The smallest increment was used in an artificial acetabular test model to test primary stability of a press‐fit cup in combination with bone graft substitute (BGS). A primary acetabular test model and a defect model without filling were used as reference. Load was applied in direction of level walking in sinusoidal waveform with an incrementally increasing maximum load (300 N/1000 cycles from 600 to 3000 N). Relative motions (inducible displacement, migration, and total motion) between cup and test model were assessed with an optical measurement system. Original and simplified bone defect volume showed a conformity of 99%. Maximum total motion in the primary setup at 600 N (45.7 ± 5.6 µm) was in a range comparable to tests in human donor specimens (36.0 ± 16.8 µm). Primary stability was reduced by the bone defect, but could mostly be reestablished by BGS‐filling. The presented method could be used as platform to test and compare different treatment strategies for increasing bone defect severity in a standardized way.
Understanding the expression dynamics of symbiont rhizobial nifH and nitrogen assimilatory NR and GS genes in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes at various growth stages
Authors: Sanyal Debankur , Solanki Shyam , Ameen Gazala , Brueggeman Robert S. , Chatterjee Amitava 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSelection of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars based on their symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) could reduce the fertilizer N requirement. The nifH gene in the bacterial symbiont facilitates the organic N assimilation by N‐assimilatory enzymes, nitrate reductase (NR), and glutamine synthetase (GS). Fertilizer‐N recommendation of legumes could be adjusted with the relative potential of bacterial nifH gene expression. We hypothesized that quantification of bacterial and plant marker gene expression could predict the amount of total N‐assimilation. We studied the expression dynamics of dry bean NR and GS along with the Rhizobium phaseoli nifH gene in four dry bean commercial cultivars La Paz, Lariat, Windbreaker, and ND‐307 at the third trifoliate (V3) and late flowering (R2) stages using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Association between gene expression and the amount of SNF using 15N stable isotope dilution was determined. At V3 stage, Lariat had a highest nifH expression, followed by ND‐307, La Paz, and Windbreaker. At R2 stage, ND‐307 had the highest nifH expression followed by Windbreaker, La Paz, and Lariat. At R2 stage, the nifH gene expression was upregulated, whereas NR and GS gene expressions were downregulated compared with the V3 stage, indicating dry bean might be benefitted from late‐season N application. Thus, cultivar dependent nifH, NR, and GS gene expression varied depending on the growth stage. The amount of SNF was significantly correlated (r2 = 0.82) with the relative normalized nifH gene expression in experimental cultivars, validating this molecular assay as a tool to screen SNF potential of dry bean cultivars.
Sex and Depot Differences in Palmitoleic Acid Content of Human Blood and Fat
Authors: Ramos Paola , Bush Nikki C. , Jensen Michael D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPalmitoleic acid has been classified as an insulin‐sensitizing lipokine, but evidence for this from human studies has been inconsistent. We hypothesized that this is related to either the types of samples or conditions under which samples are collected. We measured plasma palmitoleic acid and total free fatty acids (FFA) using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography in blood samples collected from 34 adults under a variety of conditions. We collected duplicate samples of adipose (n = 10), FFA (n = 9), and very low density lipoprotein triacylglycerol (VLDL‐TAG) (n = 7) to measure the palmitoleic acid as a percentage of total fatty acids. We tested whether the percentage of palmitoleic acid was correlated with insulin resistance, as measured by homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). Adipose stearoyl‐coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD‐1) protein was measured by capillary Western blotting. FFA‐palmitoleic acid percentage increased as a function of total FFA and was greater (p < 0.005) in females than males. Adipose palmitoleic acid percentage was greater in females than males (p < 0.001), as was adipose SCD‐1. Palmitoleic acid was greater in femoral fat than in abdominal fat in both females and males (p < 0.001), and correlated positively with HOMA‐IR only in females. The test–retest reliability values for percentage palmitoleic acid were 7 ± 10% for adipose, 24 ± 26% for VLDL, and 53 ± 31% for FFA. Because FFA‐palmitoleic acid percentage varies as a function of total FFA, investigators should re‐evaluate how palmitoleic acid data is presented. The positive relationship between adipose palmitoleic acid and HOMA‐IR in females suggests that it is not a potent insulin‐sensitizing lipokine in humans.
On freshwater fluxes and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
Authors: Cael B. B. , Jansen Malte F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe address the role of freshwater forcing in the modern day ocean. Specifically, we ask the question of whether an amplification of the global freshwater forcing pattern leads to a strengthening or weakening of the steady‐state Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). While the role of freshwater forcing in the AMOC has received much attention, this question remains unresolved, in part because past studies have primarily investigated idealized models, large regime shifts away from the modern ocean state, or coupled atmosphere–ocean simulations on shorter timescales than required for the deep ocean to equilibrate. Here we study the AMOC's sensitivity at equilibrium to small perturbations in the magnitude of the global freshwater fluxes in simulations performed with a realistically configured ocean circulation model. Our results robustly suggest that for the equilibrium state of the modern ocean, freshwater fluxes strengthen the AMOC, in the sense that an amplification of the existing freshwater flux‐forcing pattern leads to a strengthening of the AMOC and vice versa. A simple physical argument explains these results: the North Atlantic is anomalously salty at depth and increased freshwater fluxes act to amplify that salinity pattern, resulting in enhanced AMOC transport.