bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Anophthalmia: Literature, Review and Case Report
Authors: Ide L. E. Yaguo , Alex-Hart B. A. , Nte A. R. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Anophthalmia which is the congenital absence of the eyes could be bilateral or congenital, it occurs globally although it is rare. It is usually in association with other systemic congenital abnormalities.
Case Report: A case of a female baby delivered at a primary health center in Port Harcourt, Nigeria who had bilateral anophthalmia is reported here along with review of literature Magnetic Resonant Imaging (MRI) of brain and orbit was used to confirm the diagnosis which showed absence of both globes, with hypoplasia of the orbits as well as the extraocular muscles, the optic nerves could not be differentiated from the visualized intra-orbital structures. All other systems were essentially normal. This is an exceptional case in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, as literature search shows that no other case has been reported in Port Harcourt. She is currently being followed up at the paediatric, ophthalmology and ENT clinics of the University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital.
V
icinamibacteria
Authors: Huber Katharina J. , Overmann Jörg 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Vi.ci.na.mi.bac.te'ri.a. N.L. masc. n.
Vicinamibacter
type genus of the order of the class; suff. ‐
ia
ending to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Vicinamibacteria
the class of the order
Vicinamibacterales
.

Acidobacteria / Vicinamibacteria

A phylogenetically coherent group comprising 16S rRNA gene sequence types of cultured
Acidobacteria
and numerous environmental clone sequences define the class
Vicinamibacteria
(= former subdivision 6
Acidobacteria
). The class
Vicinamibacteria
consists of the type order
Vicinamibacterales
and the former
Acidobacteria
subdivisions 9 and 17. The order
Vicinamibacterales
accommodates the family
Vicinamibacteraceae
with two described members which are aerobic, neutrophilic, and psychrotolerant to mesophilic chemoorganoheterotrophs.
H
ydrotalea
Authors: Albuquerque Luciana , Egas Conceição , Froufe Hugo J. C. , da Costa Milton S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Hy.dro.ta'le.a. Gr. neut. n.
hydor
, water; L. fem. n.
talea
a rod; N.L. fem. n.
Hydrotalea
a rod isolated from water.

Bacteroidetes / Chitinophagia / Chitinophagales / Chitinophagaceae / Hydrotalea

The genus
Hydrotalea
comprises two species,
Hydrotalea flava
and
Hydrotalea sandarakina
. The cells of both species are rod shaped, ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 μm in width and 1.0–3.0 μm in length. The type strains are not motile and do not possess flagella. Endospores are not produced. The organisms stain Gram‐negative, and the colonies are orange pigmented. The species
H. sandarakina
is slightly thermophilic, while
H. flava
is mesophilic. The members of this genus are strictly aerobic, and they possess cytochrome
c
oxidase‐ and are catalase‐positive. The organisms are strictly chemoorganotrophic; several carbohydrates, organic acids, and amino acids are used as carbon and energy sources, but growth factors are necessary for growth in minimal medium. The major respiratory quinone is menaquinone 7 (MK‐7). Polar lipids consist of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unidentified aminophospholipids (APLs), two unidentified aminolipids (ALs), and four unidentified lipids (ULs). Acyl chains are predominantly iso‐branched and 3‐OH fatty acids, namely iso‐C
15:0
, iso‐C
17:0
3‐OH, and iso‐C
16:0
. The DNA G + C content of the type strain
H. flava
is 37.0 mol% (HPLC), 37.2 % (Genome). The DNA G + C of the type strain of
H. sandarakina
is 35.2 mol% (HPLC), 35.8% (Genome). The type strain of
H. sandarakina
was isolated from a hot spring runoff, while the type strain of
H. flava
was recovered from fresh water.

DNA G + C content
(
%
): 35.2–37.0 (HPLC); 35.8–37.2 (Genome).

Type species
:
Hydrotalea flava
Kämpfer et al. 2011
VP
.
D
evriesea
Authors: Eisenberg Tobias , Glaeser Stefanie P. , Hamann Hans‐Peter , Blom Jochen , Kämpfer Peter 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

De.vrie'se.a. N.L. fem. n.
Devriesea
referring to the veterinary microbiologist L. A. Devriese.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Actinomycetales / Dermabacteraceae / Devriesea

Short rods
, occurring singly, in pairs, or in short chains.
Non‐spore‐forming. Nonmotile. Non‐acid‐fast. Gram‐stain‐positive. Aerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic growth with
small
hemolytic colonies
after 24 h of incubation at temperatures between 25 and 42°C.
Catalase‐positive. Positive
for
β‐galactosidase
, but
no oxidase activity
is observed. Acid is produced from glycerol and arbutin. Starch is not hydrolyzed. Urease‐ and pyrazinamidase‐positive. Voges–Proskauer‐positive. Cell‐wall peptidoglycan type is A4γ
m
‐Dpm–
d
‐Asp–
d
‐Glu, with the α‐carboxyl group of
d
‐Glu at position 2 substituted by Gly. The
principal menaquinone
is
MK‐8
. The major polar lipids consist of
phosphatidylglycerol and some unidentified phospholipids and glycoplipids
. The following fatty acid components are present: C
14:0
, iso‐C
15:0
, anteiso‐C
15:0
, C
16:0
, iso‐C
16:0
, iso‐C
17:0
, and anteiso‐C
17:0
. The type species
Devriesea agamarum
is a lizard (reptile) pathogen, mostly causing dermal lesions.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 61.

Type species
:
Devriesea agamarum
Martel et al. 2008
VP
.
A
lkalicoccus
Authors: Zhao Baisuo , Holtzapple Mark , Lu Weidong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Al.ka.li.coc'cus. N.L. n.
alkali
(from Arabic article
al
the; Arabic n.
qaliy
ashes of saltwort) alkali; N.L. mas. n.
coccus
(from Gr. masc. n.
kokkos
) a sphere; N.L. masc. n.
Alkalicoccus
a coccus living in basic surroundings.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Alkalicoccus

Alkalicoccus
is a genus in the family
Bacillaceae
, order
Bacillales
, class
Bacilli
, phylum
Firmicutes
. It currently comprises only two species—
Alkalicoccus saliphilus
and
Alkalicoccus halolimnae
.
A. saliphilus
was isolated from green algal mat of a mineral pool (southern Italy), and
A. halolimnae
was retrieved from a salt lake (northwestern China). Strictly aerobic, Gram‐stain‐positive, coccus shaped, non‐endospore‐forming, and nonmotile. Members of the genus
Alkalicoccus
are moderately halophilic with growth in the 4–20% NaCl (optimum at 8–12 or 15% NaCl) and the mesophilic temperature range of 10–41°C (optimum at 33 or 37°C). Strains are chemoorganotrophic and utilize a range of carbon sources. The major fatty acids are composed of anteiso saturated branched‐chain fatty acids (anteiso‐C
15:0
and anteiso‐C
17:0
). The dominant polar lipids consist of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and the respiratory quinone is menaquinone‐7 (MK‐7).

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 40.0–45.7 mol% (HPLC and genome analysis).

Type species
:
Alkalicoccus saliphilus
Zhao et al. 2017
VP
(Basonym:
Bacillus saliphilus
Romano et al. 2005
VP
).
Desulforamulusgen. nov.
Authors: Watanabe Miho , Fukui Manabu , Kuever Jan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDe.sul.fo.ra'mu.lus. L. pref.defrom; L. neut. n.sulfursulfur; L. masc. n.ramulusa sprig, a little bough or rod; N.L. masc. n.Desulforamulusa rod‐shaped sulfate reducer.Desulfotomaculota (Firmicutes_B) / Desulfotomaculia / Desulfotomaculales / Desulfotomaculaceae / Desulforamulus gen. nov.Cells are straight or slightly curved rods. Gram‐staining reaction varies with the species. Oval spores occur terminal, subterminal, or paracentral of cells. Most species are motile by means of flagella. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory and fermentative type of metabolism. Thermophilic or mesophilic. Neutrophilic. NaCl is not necessary for growth. Chemoorganoheterotrophic growth occurs using organic acids, alcohols, amino acids, and sugars. Chemolithoheterotrophic growth occurs with H2and CO2in the presence of acetate. One species grows chemolithoautotrophically on H2and CO2. Substrates are incompletely oxidized. Sulfate, thiosulfate, and sulfite are used as electron acceptors. Heavy metals or arsenic compounds are utilized as electron acceptors by one strain. Fermentative growth on lactate, pyruvate, fructose, or glucose. The major cellular fatty acids are C16:0, iso‐C15:0, iso‐C17:0, C16:1ω9c, C16:1ω7c, C16:0dimethyl acetal, and iso‐C17:1ω7c. The type species was found in the rumen contents of sheep.DNA G + C content (mol%): 42.9–52.4 (LC,Tm); 42.3–49.5 (genome).Type species:Desulforamulus ruminiscomb. nov. (basonym:Desulfotomaculum ruminisCampbell and Postgate 1965AL).
D
esulfofalx

gen. nov.
Authors: Watanabe Miho , Fukui Manabu , Kuever Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

De.sul.fo.falx' L. pref.
de
from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
sulfur; L. fem. n.
falx
a curved short sword; N.L. fem. n.
Desulfofalx
a curve‐shaped sulfate reducer.

Desulfotomaculota (Firmicutes_B) / Desulfotomaculia / Desulfotomaculales / Desulfohalotomaculaceae /
Desulfofalx
gen. nov.

Cells are curved rods or vibrios. Gram‐stain‐positive. Oval spores occur terminal of cells. Nonmotile. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory and fermentative type of metabolism. Thermophilic and obligately alkaliphilic. NaCl is required for growth. Chemoorganoheterotroph using organic acids and alcohols. Chemolithoheterotrophic growth on H
2
is possible in the presence of acetate. Genome data suggests the capacity for complete oxidation of substrates via the anaerobic C
1
pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CO‐DH] or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway), but substrates are incompletely oxidized to acetate and trace amounts of other volatile fatty acids under laboratory growth conditions. Vitamins or yeast extract is required for growth. Requires carbonate anion. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate are used as electron acceptors; elemental sulfur and nitrate are not utilized. Grows by fermentation of pyruvate. Found in neutral pH, mixed cow/pig manure collected from several farms in the Moscow region, Russia.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 40.9 (LC).

Type species
:
Desulfofalx alkaliphila
comb. nov. (basonyms:
Desulfotomaculum alkaliphilum
Pikuta et al. 2000,
Desulfohalotomaculum alkaliphilum
Watanabe et al. 2018).
D
esulfovectis

gen. nov.
Authors: Watanabe Miho , Fukui Manabu , Kuever Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

De.sul.fo.ve'c.tis. L. pref.
de
from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
sulfur; L. masc. n.
vectis
a carrying pole, bar; N.L. masc. n.
Desulfovectis
a sulfate‐reducing rod.

Desulfotomaculota (Firmicutes_B) / Desulfotomaculia / Desulfotomaculales / Desulfohalotomaculaceae /
Desulfovectis
gen. nov.

Cells are slightly curved rods with a Gram‐positive‐type cell wall. Oval spores occur central or subterminal of cells. Nonmotile. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory type of metabolism. Thermophilic and neutrophilic. NaCl is required for growth. Chemoorganoheterotroph using alcohols which are incompletely oxidized to volatile fatty acids. Yeast extract is required for growth. Chemolithoheterotrophic using H
2
in the presence of acetate or yeast extract. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate are used as electron acceptors; elemental sulfur, fumarate, iron (III), nitrate, and nitrite are not utilized. Fermentative growth was not reported. Desulfoviridin and
c
‐type cytochromes are absent. A sulfite reductase with an absorption peak at 580 nm is observed. The major cellular fatty acids are C
16:0
, C
18:0
, iso‐C
15:0
, and a summed feature consisting of iso‐C
17:1
I/anteiso‐C
17:1
B. Found in an upflow anaerobic filter treating abattoir wastewaters in Tunisia.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 44.4 (LC).

Type species
:
Desulfovectis peckii
comb. nov. (basonyms:
Desulfotomaculum peckii
Jabari et al. 2013,
Desulfohalotomaculum peckii
Watanabe et al., 2018).
D
esulfofundulus
Authors: Watanabe Miho , Fukui Manabu , Kuever Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

De.sul.fo.fun'du.lus. L. pref.
de
from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
sulfur; L. masc. n.
fundulus
a kind of sausage; N.L. masc. n.
Desulfofundulus
a sausage‐shaped sulfate reducer.

Desulfotomaculota (Firmicutes_B) / Desulfotomaculia / Desulfotomaculales / Desulfofundulaceae / Desulfofundulus

Cells are straight or slightly curved rods. Gram‐staining reaction is variable depending on the species. Spherical or oval spores occur central to subterminal of cells. Nonmotile or motile by means of flagella. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory and fermentative type of metabolism. Thermophilic and neutrophilic. NaCl is not essential for growth. Chemolithoautotroph or chemoorganoheterotroph. Organic acids, short‐ to long‐chain fatty acids, benzoate (some species), and alcohols are incompletely oxidized to acetate (one species) or completely oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CO‐DH] or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). H
2
plus CO
2
(chemolithoautotrophic growth) and formate can be used without acetate. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate are used as electron acceptors and reduced to sulfide. Thiosulfate dismutation is observed in two species. Desulfoviridin is absent. Grows fermentatively on organic acids. The major cellular fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
, C
15:0
DMA, C
16:0
, iso‐C
17:0
, and C
17:0
DMA. The major menaquinone is MK‐7. Found in hot springs, underground thermal water, anaerobic digesters, oil water reservoirs, and deep subsurface.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 48.1–56 (
T
m
, LC); 54.5–55.0 (genome).

Type species
:
Desulfofundulus kuznetsovii
Watanabe et al. 2018
VP
(basonym:
Desulfomaculum kuznetsovii
Nazina et al. 1988, VL35).
S
edimentisphaera
Authors: Spring Stefan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Se.di.men.ti.sphae'ra. L. neut. n.
sedimentum
sediment; L. fem. n.
sphaera
a sphere; N.L. fem. n.
Sedimentisphaera
, a spherical bacterium from sediment.

Planctomycetes / Phycisphaerae / Sedimentisphaerales / Sedimentisphaeraceae / Sedimentisphaera

Free‐living, unpigmented, nonmotile, and non‐spore‐forming coccoid cells that divide by binary fission. Intracellular membranes are not formed. Gram‐negative type of cell wall with a peptidoglycan layer. Dominating cellular fatty acids are anteiso‐C
15:0
and anteiso‐C
13:0
. Unsaturated cellular fatty acids, respiratory lipoquinones, or cytochromes are not present. The polar lipid composition is dominated by phosphatidylglycerol and several distinct glycolipids. Tests for catalase and oxidase are negative. Nitrate is not reduced. Obligately anaerobic and moderately halophilic, mesophilic, and neutrophilic. Vitamins required for growth. Strictly fermentative metabolism with sugars as preferred substrates. Medium viscosity increases during growth due to the production of extracellular polymeric substances. Oxygen can be tolerated up to 0.5% (v/v) in the gas atmosphere but does not stimulate growth. Susceptible to the antibiotics chloramphenicol and tetracycline, but resistant to rifampicin. Members of the class
Phycisphaerae
, order
Phycisphaerales
, family
Sedimentisphaeraceae
. Known habitats are hypersaline sediments and microbial mats in salt lakes and evaporation ponds.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 46.2–46.4 (genome analyses).

Type species
:
Sedimentisphaera salicampi
Spring et al. 2018, VL184.
Caviibacterium
Authors: Christensen Henrik , Bisgaard Magne , Nicklas Werner , Adhikary Sadhana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCa.vi.i.bac.te'ri.um. N.L. fem. n.Caviageneric Latin name for the guinea pigCavia porcellus; N.L. neut. n.bacteriumrod; N.L. neut. n.Caviibacteriuma bacterium isolated from a guinea pig.Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pasteurellales / Pasteurellaceae / CaviibacteriumThe genusCaviibacteriumwas established based on the characterization of 14 strains mainly from guinea pigs. The taxon was previously classified as Bisgaard taxon 5 on the basis of phenotypic characteristics. The genus currently presents as a typical member of the familyPasteurellaceaewith respect to cultural characteristics and colony morphologies, which are small, regular, and circular with smooth and shiny appearance and a white‐gray tinge. The taxon formed a monophyletic group based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison and partialrpoBsequence analysis compared to the other genera of the family. The genus possesses the phenotypic characteristics of the members ofPasteurellaceae. Published data on DNA–DNA hybridization showed a high degree of genotypic relationship between the strains ofCaviibacterium, and the genus consists of only one speciesCaviibacterium pharyngocola. With the exception ofAvibacterium, two or more phenotypic characters separateCaviibacteriumfrom the other genera of the familyPasteurellaceae. The type species is Caviibacterium pharyngocola.DNA G + C content (mol%): For strains 3.3 and 10.3, 42.1 and 40.0, respectively (Tm) (Bisgaard et al., 1983). The G + C content of the type strain 7.3TofCaviibacterium pharyngocolawas 43.4 mol% established by whole‐genomic sequencing (Adhikary et al., 2018).Type species:Caviibacterium pharyngocolaAdhikary et al. 2018VP.
H
istophilus
Authors: Angen Øystein 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

His.to'phi.lus. Gr. n.
histos
tissue; N.L. adj.
philus
from Gr. adj.
philos
friendly; N.L. masc. n.
Histophilus
the tissue friend.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pasteurellales / Pasteurellaceae / Histophilus

Histophilus
is a genus within the family
Pasteurellaceae
Pohl (1979) 1981.
Histophilus somni
was proposed in 2003 as a common name for bacteria that earlier had been called “
Haemophilus somni
,” “
Haemophilus agni
,” “
Haemophilus somnifer
,” and “
Histophilus ovis
.” The genus consists of Gram‐negative, nonmotile rods or coccobacilli. Endospores are not formed. Growth is mesophilic and capnophilic and is not dependent on V‐ or X‐factor. Glucose is fermented without gas production. Oxidase reaction is normally positive. Alkaline phosphatase test is positive, and nitrate is reduced. Simmons' citrate, Voges–Proskauer, arginine dihydrolase, and ornithine decarboxylase tests are negative, and there is no fermentation of adonitol or
l
‐sorbose. Urease reaction is negative.

DNA G + C content of the type strain (mol%)
: 37.5 (Piechulla et al., 1986).

Type species
:
Histophilus somni
Angen et al. 2003
VP
.
N
icoletella
Authors: Kuhnert Peter , Korczak Bożena M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Ni.co.le.tel'la. N.L. fem. dim. n.
Nicoletella
named in tribute to Jacques Nicolet, a Swiss microbiologist, for his contribution to research on
Pasteurellaceae
.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pasteurellales / Pasteurellaceae / Nicoletella

Nicoletella
is a monotypic genus in the family
Pasteurellaceae
as determined by a polyphasic approach using 19 strains. They are Gram‐negative, nonmotile pleomorphic rods. Isolates do not grow on MacConkey agar and do not require hemin or β‐NAD. They reduce nitrate to nitrite and are catalase‐, oxidase‐, and urease‐positive. DNA–DNA hybridization data and multilocus phylogenetic analysis, including 16S rRNA gene,
rpoB
, and
infB
sequencing, clearly placed
Nicoletella
as a discrete genus in the family
Pasteurellaceae
. Otherwise, the only currently known species of the genus
N. semolina
is biochemically inert. Growth is fastidious, and the isolates have a distinctive colony morphology, with the colonies being dry and waxy and looking like a semolina particle that can be moved around on an agar plate without losing their shape.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 39.4 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Nicoletella semolina
Kuhnert et al. 2004, VL102.
“

A
cidobacteriales

”
Authors: Dedysh Svetlana N. , Oren Aharon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

A.ci.do.bac.te.ri.a'les. N.L. neut. n.
Acidobacterium
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Acidobacteriales
the order of
Acidobacterium
.

Acidobacteria / Acidobacteriia / “Acidobacteriales”

The order “
Acidobacteriales
,” being the first described order in the class “
Acidobacteriia
,” was circumscribed on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The name, published in 2002, was placed on the list of
nomina rejicienda
but was proposed again as ord. nov. by Thrash and Coates in 2011. At present, the order contains a single family, the
Acidobacteriaceae
. Members of the order are Gram‐negative, non‐spore‐forming, acidophilic or acidotolerant, mesophilic and psychrotolerant, chemoheterotrophic bacteria, which utilize various sugars and polysaccharides, possess a number of hydrolytic capabilities, and are particularly abundant in acidic soils, peatlands, and iron‐rich environments.
A
cidothermales
Authors: Berry Alison M. , Normand Philippe 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

A.ci.do.ther.ma'les. N.L. masc. n.
Acidothermus
type genus of the order; suff. ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Acidothermales
the
Acidothermus
order.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Acidothermales

A one family, one genus order containing thermophilic, acidophilic, and cellulolytic bacteria that inhabit hot springs. Their phylogenetic position has changed, initially based on 16S rRNA analysis with a proximity to the
Frankiales
, but more recently whole‐genome‐based analysis placing away from the
Frankiales
, closer to the
Streptosporangiales
.
V
icinamibacterales
Authors: Huber Katharina J. , Overmann Jörg 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Vi.ci.na.mi.bac.te.ra'les. N.L. masc. n.
Vicinamibacter
, type genus of the order; suff. ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Vicinamibacterales
, the
Vicinamibacter
order.

Acidobacteria / Vicinamibacteria / Vicinamibacterales

The order
Vicinamibacterales
accommodates the family
Vicinamibacteraceae
including the two genera
Vicinamibacter
(= type genus) and
Luteitalea
. Members of the
Vicinamibacterales
are aerobic, neutrophilic, and psychrotolerant to mesophilic chemoorganoheterotrophs. Cells stain Gram‐negative and are nonmotile (short) rods that divide by binary fission, and do not form capsules or spores. Cells occur singly or in tight aggregates. Members of
Vicinamibacterales
grow on different simple sugars, but prefer complex proteinaceous compounds. The major fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
, summed feature 3 (C
16:1
ω7
c
/C
16:1
ω6
c
), C
18:1
ω7
c
or ω9
c
or ω11
c
, iso‐C
17:1
ω9
c
, C
16:0
, and iso‐C
17:0
. Iso‐diabolic acid and 6‐methyl iso‐diabolic acid are detected. MK‐8 constitutes the major respiratory quinone. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylglycerol are the major polar lipids. An unidentified glycolipid or unknown phospholipids might also be present.

DNA G + C content of the available strains (mol%)
: 64.7–65.9.
Synthesis of 2‐Amino Substituted Oxazoles from α‐Amino Ketones and Isothiocyanates via Sequential Addition and I2‐Mediated Desulfurative Cyclization
Authors: Zhang Shuangshuang , Zhao Qiongli , Zhao Yifei , Yu Wenquan , Chang Junbiao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOxazol‐2‐amines were synthesized by annulation of α‐amino ketones and isothiocyanates. This sequential synthetic process involves addition of α‐amino ketones to isothiocyanates and I2‐promoted desulfurative cyclization omitting isolation of the less stable thiourea intermediates. It is transition metal‐free and operationally simple, providing access to a variety of 2‐amino substituted oxazole derivatives under mild reaction conditions.magnified image