bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second magnetization peak, rhombic-to-square Bragg vortex glass transition, and intersecting magnetic hysteresis curves in overdoped BaFe2(As1−xPx)2 single crystals
Authors: Miu L. , Ionescu A. M. , Miu D. , Burdusel M. , Badica P. , Batalu D. , Crisan A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe second magnetization peak (SMP) in the fourfold symmetric superconducting single crystals (such as iron pnictides and tetragonal cuprates) has been attributed to the rhombic-to-square transition (RST) of the quasi-ordered vortex solid (the Bragg vortex glass, BVG). This represents an alternative to the pinning-induced BVG disordering as the actual SMP mechanism. The analysis of the magnetic response of BaFe2(As1−xPx)2 specimens presented here shows that the SMP is not generated by the RST. However, the latter can affect the pinning-dependent SMP onset field if this is close to the (intrinsic) RST line, through the occurrence of a “shoulder” on the magnetic hysteresis curves m(H), and a maximum in the temperature variation of the DC critical current density. These features disappear in AC conditions, where the vortex system is dynamically ordered in the RST domain, emphasizing the essential role of vortex dislocations for an efficient accommodation of the vortex system to the pinning landscape and the SMP development. The m(H) shoulder is associated with a precipitous pinning-induced proliferation of dislocations at the RST, where the BVG elastic “squash” modulus softens. The DC magnetization relaxation indicates that the pinning-induced vortex system disordering continues above the RST domain, as the basic SMP mechanism.
Long-acting antibody ligand mimetics for HER4-selective agonism
Authors: Shan Lu , Cook Kimberly M. , Haskins Nantaporn , Omar Bilal , Jiang Yu , Garcia Andrew , Koksal Adem , Oganesyan Vaheh , Rosenthal Kim , Wu Herren , Dall’Acqua William F. , Damschroder Melissa M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNeuregulin protein 1 (NRG1) is a large (> 60–amino-acid) natural peptide ligand for the ErbB protein family members HER3 and HER4. We developed an agonistic antibody modality, termed antibody ligand mimetics (ALM), by incorporating complex ligand agonists such as NRG1 into an antibody scaffold. We optimized the linker and ligand length to achieve native ligand activity in HEK293 cells and cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and used a monomeric Fc-ligand fusion platform to steer the ligand specificity toward HER4-dominant agonism. With the help of selectivity engineering, these enhanced ALM molecules can provide an antibody scaffold with increased receptor specificity and the potential to greatly improve the pharmacokinetics, stability, and downstream developability profiles from the natural ligand approach. This ligand mimetic design and optimization approach can be expanded to apply to other cardiovascular disease targets and emerging therapeutic areas, providing differentiated drug molecules with increased specificity and extended half-life.
Toward an effective use of laser-driven very high energy electrons for radiotherapy: Feasibility assessment of multi-field and intensity modulation irradiation schemes
Authors: Labate Luca , Palla Daniele , Panetta Daniele , Avella Federico , Baffigi Federica , Brandi Fernando , Di Martino Fabio , Fulgentini Lorenzo , Giulietti Antonio , Köster Petra , Terzani Davide , Tomassini Paolo , Traino Claudio , Gizzi Leonida A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRadiotherapy with very high energy electrons has been investigated for a couple of decades as an effective approach to improve dose distribution compared to conventional photon-based radiotherapy, with the recent intriguing potential of high dose-rate irradiation. Its practical application to treatment has been hindered by the lack of hospital-scale accelerators. High-gradient laser-plasma accelerators (LPA) have been proposed as a possible platform, but no experiments so far have explored the feasibility of a clinical use of this concept. We show the results of an experimental study aimed at assessing dose deposition for deep seated tumours using advanced irradiation schemes with an existing LPA source. Measurements show control of localized dose deposition and modulation, suitable to target a volume at depths in the range from 5 to 10 cm with mm resolution. The dose delivered to the target was up to 1.6 Gy, delivered with few hundreds of shots, limited by secondary components of the LPA accelerator. Measurements suggest that therapeutic doses within localized volumes can already be obtained with existing LPA technology, calling for dedicated pre-clinical studies.
Long non-conding RNA LOXL1-AS1 sponges miR-589-5p to up-regulate CBX5 expression in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu Chunlei , Zhang Jiange 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignant tumor that seriously endangers people’s health. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered to play vital roles in diverse cancers, including RCC. LncRNA lysyl oxidase like 1 antisense RNA 1 (LOXL1-AS1) has been found to exert carcinogenic functions in several cancers, but its role and mechanism in RCC have not been investigated.
Methods: qRT-PCR was utilized for testing RNA expression and Western blot for protein expression in RCC tissues or cells. Then, we assessed cell function by conducting a series of functional experiments, such as 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine staining, colony formation, flow cytometry, JC-1, Western blot and transwell migration experiments. Following, RNA immunoprecipitation, pull down and luciferase reporter experiments were carried out to explore the regulatory mechanisms of LOXL1-AS1 in RCC.
Results: LOXL1-AS1 was highly expressed in RCC tissues and cells. Moreover, knockdown of LOXL1-AS1 hampered RCC cell proliferation and migration. Importantly, miR-589-5p that was lowly expressed and worked as a tumor-inhibitor in RCC was found to bind with LOXL1-AS1. Furthermore, chromobox 5 (CBX5) targeted by miR-589-5p could expedite cell proliferation and migration in RCC. Finally, overexpressed CBX5 or inhibited miR-589-5p reversed the repressive impacts of silenced LOXL1-AS1 on RCC malignant phenotypes.
Conclusions: LncRNA LOXL1-AS1 sequestered miR-589-5p to augment CBX5 expression in RCC cells, opening a new way for potential development in RCC treatment.
Prähospitale Strategien zur Minimierung des Blutverlustes
Authors: Josse Florent , Stöhr Andreas , Lechner Raimund , Helm Matthias , Hossfeld Björn 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie „kritische“ Blutung ist definiert durch ihr lebensbedrohliches Ausmaß und stellt die häufigste prähospital vermeidbare Todesursache dar. Für äußere Blutungen existieren adäquate prähospitale Therapiestrategien – sie müssen aber stets in ein Gesamtkonzept entsprechend dem <C>ABCDE-Algorithmus (<C> für „critical bleeding“) eingebettet sein. In diesem Beitrag wird auf lokale manuelle Maßnahmen zur prähospitalen Blutungskontrolle fokussiert.
Spezielle Schmerztherapie bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Pongratz Georg 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungSchmerz als Hauptsymptom vieler chronisch-entzündlicher Erkrankungen stellt für den Patienten, aber auch für den behandelnden Arzt besonders in seiner chronifizierten Form eine große Herausforderung dar. Es gibt leider keine „Wunderpille“ mit der man Schmerzen für jeden gleich zuverlässig beseitigen kann. Es gibt aber viele Ansätze pharmakologischer als auch nicht-pharmakologischer Art und deren Kombination, um für den einzelnen Patienten wirksame Behandlungsstrategien zu finden. Um diese Strategien für jeden Patienten individuell optimal festzulegen, bedarf es zum einen eines fundamentierten Wissens über das Spektrum zur Verfügung stehender Mittel, zum anderen aber auch Erkenntnis darüber, wie diese sinnvoll nach Art der vorliegenden Schmerzformen einzusetzen sind. In dieser Übersicht wird beides behandelt, mit einem Fokus auf die medikamentöse Therapie von Schmerzen bei entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen. Dabei wird herausgearbeitet, dass es für die in diesem Zusammenhang relevantesten Formen des Schmerzes, akut-entzündlich nozizeptiv, neuropathisch und durch periphere und zentrale Sensibilisierung chronifizierte Schmerzen, jeweils andere wirksame Konzepte gibt.
Pain and Neuropathic Pain in Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Seifert Olga , Baerwald Christoph 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPain is a challenge to rheumatologists. Not only patients with active arthritis
but also patients with a good therapeutic response and even in remission
complain of persistent joint pain. It has been proposed that a chronic pain
stimulus may have a greater impact in a chronic inflammatory state, and the
process towards a pain condition may be influenced by individual predisposition
for development of chronic pain. In addition, features of peripheral pain
processing may be exacerbated by inflammation, and disturbed pain processing may
be a feature contributing to widespread pain. Furthermore, a neuropathic
component may be part of the total pain experience of our patients. There are
many different strategies of pain therapy in patients with rheumatic diseases,
such as pharmacological and non- pharmacological modalities.
Das Flavonoid Quercetin
Authors: Gröber Uwe 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungQuercetin gehört zur Gruppe der Flavonoide, die v. a. in Obst, Blatt- und Wurzelgemüse sowie einigen Getreidesorten enthalten sind. Sie weisen antioxidative, antiinflammatorische, antikanzerogene, endothelprotektive sowie immunmodulierende Eigenschaften auf.Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen in vitro und in vivo weisen auf präventive und therapeutische Wirkungen von Quercetin hin: u. a. zur Kardioprotektion, bei chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen, Allergien und Entzündungen, zur Tumorprotektion, bei Diabetes, venösen Erkrankungen sowie viralen Atemwegserkrankungen.
3017
Authors: Regalski Adam J. , Wurm Lee H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this study we examined uses of the number 3017 as a neologism by members of an online forum. 3017 has a number
of factors working against its success as a neologism, but its use grew dramatically over the course of six years. Statistical
analyses showed that the growth data were very well modeled by both a quadratic and a sigmoid curve. The form was used primarily
as an adjective and to a lesser extent as a noun over the first 500 days, before verbal forms came to dominate. To understand the
structure of the 3017 concept in the mental lexicons of users, we examine attempts to define the term, and disagreements and
negotiations about what the term does and does not include. Finally, we include examples of users’ creativity and productivity
with the form, including readily-understood jokes.
Effective dynamics of the quantum falling particle
Authors: Chacón-Acosta Guillermo , Hernández-Hernández Héctor , Velázquez Mercedes 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We analyze the problem of a quantum particle falling under the influence of a one-dimensional constant gravitational field, also known as the bouncing ball, employing a semiclassical approach for the effective equations of motion for the quantum system. In this formalism, the quantum evolution is described through a dynamical system of infinite dimensions for the position, the momentum, and all dispersions. Usually, the system is truncated to reduce it to a finite-dimensional one; however, in this case, equations of motion decouple and the system can be solved exactly. For a specific set of initial conditions, we find that the time-dependent dispersion in position follows the classical trajectory; however, for large times, it grows enough to allow a non-classical behavior for the rebounds. We also propose the study of an effective potential in terms of a pair of canonical variables for dispersions.
Refraction-corrected ray-based inversion for three-dimensional ultrasound tomography of the breast
Authors: Javaherian A , Lucka F , Cox B T 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUltrasound tomography (UST) has seen a revival of interest in the past decade, especially for breast imaging, due to improvements in both ultrasound and computing hardware. In particular, three-dimensional UST, a fully tomographic method in which the medium to be imaged is surrounded by ultrasound transducers, has become feasible. This has led to renewed attention on UST image reconstruction algorithms. In this paper, a comprehensive derivation and study of a robust framework for large-scale bent-ray UST in 3D for a hemispherical detector array is presented. Two ray-tracing approaches are derived and compared. More significantly, the problem of linking the rays between emitters and receivers, which is challenging in 3D due to the high number of degrees of freedom for the trajectory of rays, is analysed both as a minimisation and as a root-finding problem. The ray-linking problem is parameterised for a convex detection surface and two robust, accurate, and efficient derivative-free ray-linking algorithms are formulated and demonstrated and compared with a Jacobian-based benchmark approach. To stabilise these methods, novel adaptive-smoothing approaches are proposed that control the conditioning of the update matrices to ensure accurate linking. The nonlinear UST problem of estimating the sound speed was recast as a series of linearised subproblems, each solved using the above algorithms and within a steepest descent scheme. The whole imaging algorithm was demonstrated to be robust and accurate on realistic data simulated using a full-wave acoustic model and an anatomical breast phantom, and incorporating the errors due to time-of-flight (TOF) picking that would be present with measured data. This method can used to provide a low-artefact, quantitatively accurate, 3D sound speed maps. In addition to being useful in their own right, such 3D sound speed maps can be used to initialise full-wave inversion methods, or as an input to photoacoustic tomography reconstructions.
An ultrasonic flowmeter for liquid flow measurement in small pipes using AlN piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer arrays
Authors: Zhu Ke , Chen Xuying , Qu Mengjiao , Yang Dengfei , Hu Liang , Xu Jinghui , Xie Jin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper firstly proposes an ultrasonic liquid flowmeter based on AlN piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer arrays. By detecting the transit time of ultrasonic wave, the flowmeter can measure liquid flow in small pipes (8 mm), which is difficult for traditional bulk piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers. In the flowmeter, the acoustic path and flow path are overlapped, which greatly improves sensitivity compared with the typical structure. The cross-correlation method is used to determine the ultrasonic transit time, which can effectively reduce the influence of signal noise and amplitude change. The maximum measurement error of the flowmeter is less than 5% in the flow range of 0–3.36 l min−1.
Modulation of photon current through an oscillation device coupled with Majorana fermions
Authors: Zou Wei-Ke , Wang Qing , Zhao Hong-Kang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Photon current is investigated for the system with photon reservoirs intermediating a mesoscopic oscillation device possessing the oscillator energy ℏω
0 coupled with Majorana bound states (MBSs). The Landauer-like photon current formula is derived by employing the nonequilibrium Green’s function approach. MBSs play the role for modulating photon current, where the coupling constant λ for connecting MBSs with the central oscillation device, the coupling energy ɛ
M between two MBSs, as well as the magnetic flux Φ threading through the oscillation device contribute explicit effects to control the out-put photon current. The periodic oscillation behavior of photon current with respect to the magnetic flux is modulated sensitively by the coupled MBSs. The suppression of photon current is displayed in the region ɛ
M = 0 ∼ 1.0ℏω
0, and the suppression is strengthened when the coupling constant λ becomes larger. In the region as ɛ
M = 1.0ℏω
0 ∼ 2.0ℏω
0, the photon current increases firstly from its minimum value at ɛ
M = 1.0ℏω
0 to reach its maximum value as ɛ
M increases, and then it declines monotonously. Our investigated system can be taken as a photon modulator achieved by connecting a superconducting quantum interference device with coupled MBSs.
Role of tip apices in scanning force spectroscopy on alkali halides at room temperature—chemical nature of the tip apex and atomic-scale deformations
Authors: Wagner Philipp , Foster Adam , Yi Insook , Abe Masayuki , Sugimoto Yoshiaki , Hoffmann-Vogel Regina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We have revealed processes of the tip apex distortion in the measurements of non-contact scanning force microscopy. High-spatial-resolution two-dimensional force mapping on KCl(100) surfaces for a large number of tips, seven tips, enabled us to see the complex behavior of the tip apex distortion. The tips are from Si without additional coating, but are altered by the tip-sample interaction and show the behavior of different atomic species. On the KCl(001) surfaces, the tip apex, consisting of K and Cl atoms or of Si, distorted several times while changing the distance even in a weak attractive region. There are variations in rigidity of the tip apex, but all tips distorted in the small attractive region. This complex behavior was categorized in patterns by our analyses. We compare the experimental force–distance data to atomistic simulations using rigid KCl-terminated tips and KCl-terminated tips with an additional KCl-pair designed to perform atomic jumps. We also compare the experimental force–distance data to first principles simulations using Si tips. We mainly find K-terminated tips and Si-terminated tips. We find that Si tips show only one force minimum whereas KCl-terminated tips show two force minima in line with the stronger rigidity of Si compared to KCl. At room temperature, the tip apex atoms can perform atomic jumps that change the atomic configuration of the tip apex.
Novel 2D/2D BiOBr/UMOFNs direct Z-scheme photocatalyst for efficient phenol degradation
Authors: Lin Biyun , Chen Zhihong , Shui Lingling , Zhou Guofu , Wang Xin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A novel 2D/2D BiOBr/ultrathin metal-organic framework nanosheets (UMOFNs) direct Z-scheme photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by using a simple deposition-precipitation method. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated under light irradiation, which revealed that the 2D/2D BiOBr/UMOFNs Z-scheme photocatalyst exhibits higher photocatalytic degradation of phenol compared to pristine BiOBr and UMOFNs. A BiOBr/UMOFNs-40% (mass ratio for BiOBr and UMOFNs of 1:0.4) photocatalyst was found to show the best photocatalytic degradation efficiency and stability, reaching 99% phenol degradation under light irradiation of 270 min and maintaining 97% degradation after 5 recycling runs. Results obtained from a trapping experiment and electron paramagnetic resonance suggest that reactive ·OH and O2
·− play a major role in phenol degradation. Photoluminescence and photocurrent results reveal that the excellent photocatalytic activity of the 2D/2D BiOBr/UMOFNs photocatalyst can be ascribed to the efficient separation of photogenerated electron−hole pairs through a direct Z-scheme system. This article provides a possible reference for designing Z-scheme photocatalysts by using MOFs and semiconductors for practical organic pollutant treatment.
Implementation of a double scattering nozzle for Monte Carlo recalculation of proton plans with variable relative biological effectiveness
Authors: Fjæra Lars Fredrik , Indelicato Daniel J , Stokkevåg Camilla H , Muren Ludvig P , Hsi Wen C , Ytre-Hauge Kristian S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A constant relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 1.1 is currently used in clinical proton therapy. However, the RBE varies with factors such as dose level, linear energy transfer (LET) and tissue type. Multiple RBE models have been developed to account for this biological variation. To enable recalculation of patients treated with double scattering (DS) proton therapy, including LET and variable RBE, we implemented and commissioned a Monte Carlo (MC) model of a DS treatment nozzle. The main components from the IBA nozzle were implemented in the FLUKA MC code. We calibrated and verified the following entities to experimental measurements: range of pristine Bragg peaks (PBPs) and spread-out Bragg peaks (SOBPs), energy spread, lateral profiles, compensator range degradation, and absolute dose. We recalculated two patients with different field setups, comparing FLUKA vs. treatment planning system (TPS) dose, also obtaining LET and variable RBE doses. We achieved good agreement between FLUKA and measurements. The range differences between FLUKA and measurements were for the PBPs within ±0.9 mm (83% ⩽ 0.5 mm), and for SOBPs ±1.6 mm (82% ⩽ 0.5 mm). The differences in modulation widths were below 5 mm (79% ⩽ 2 mm). The differences in the distal dose fall off (D80%–D20%) were below 0.5 mm for all PBPs and the lateral penumbras diverged from measurements by less than 1 mm. The mean dose difference (RBE = 1.1) in the target between the TPS and FLUKA were below 0.4% in a three-field plan and below 1.4% in a four-field plan. A dose increase of 9.9% and 7.2% occurred when using variable RBE for the two patients, respectively. We presented a method to recalculate DS proton plans in the FLUKA MC code. The implementation was used to obtain LET and variable RBE dose and can be used for investigating variable RBE for previously treated patients.
Mathematical approach to the validation of surface texture filtration software
Authors: Todhunter Luke , Leach Richard , Blateyron François 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A novel method for the validation of surface texture filtration software is introduced. Mathematically traceable reference pairs for linear Gaussian filtration are developed, utilising Fourier series surface definitions in conjunction with the frequency dependent transmission characteristic of the linear Gaussian filter. The novel method is demonstrated using a library of reference pairs to validate the performance of five surface texture analysis software packages. Investigations into the effects of different surface properties are made in relation to the deviation of the software-obtained results from the traceable reference values. Analysis of variance tests are used to verify the statistical significance of the results.
Magnetic and structural properties of CoFeB thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Awana Geet , Cox Chris , Stuffins Laura , Venkat Guru , Morrison Kelly , Zhou Zhaoxia , Backes Dirk 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The emergence of thin film CoFeB has driven research and industrial applications in the past decades, with the magnetic random access memory (MRAM) the most prominent example. Because of its beneficial properties, it fulfills multiple functionalities as information-storing, spin-filtering, and reference layer in magnetic tunnel junctions. In future, this versatility can be exploited beyond the traditional applications of spintronics by combining with advanced materials, such as oxide-based materials. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is their predominant growth-method, and thus the compatibility of CoFeB with this growth technique will be tested here. This encompasses a comprehensive investigation of the structural and magnetic propoperties. In particular, we find a substantial ‘dead’ magnetic layer and confirm that it is caused by oxidation employing the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) effect. The low damping encountered in vector network analyzer-based ferromagnetic resonance (VNA-FMR) renders them suitable for magnonics applications. These findings demonstrate that CoFeB thin films are compatible with emergent, PLD-grown materials, ensuring their relevance for future applications.