bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide Identification and Transcriptional Characterization of Dna Methyltransferases Conferring Temperature-sensitive Male Sterility in Wheat
Authors: Li Dan , Feng Bian-e , Liu Yong-Jie , Gong Jie , Tang Yi-Miao , Zhang Li-Ping , Pang Bin-Shuang , Sun Ren-Wei , Zhang Feng-Ting , Chen Zhao-Bo , Wang Yong-Bo , Chen Xian-Chao , Wang Ai-Ping , Zhao Chang-Ping , Gao Shiqing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: DNA methyltransferase (DMT) genes contribute to plant stress responses and development by de novo establishment and subsequent maintenance of DNA methylation during replication. The photoperiod or/and temperature-sensitive genic male sterile (P/TGMS) lines play an important role in hybrid seed production of wheat. However, only few studies have been reported about the effect of the DMT genes on temperature-sensitive male sterility of wheat. Although DMT genes have been researched in some plant species, the identification and analysis of DMT genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based on genome-wide levels has not been reported.Results: In this study, a detailed overview of phylogeny of 52 wheat DMT (TaDMT) genes was presented. Homoeolog retention for TaDMT genes was significantly above the average retention rate for whole-wheat genes, indicating the functional importance of many DMT homoeologs. We found that the strikingly high number of TaDMT genes mainly resulted from the significant expansion of TaDRM subfamily. Intriguingly, all 5 paralogs belonged to the wheat DRM subfamily and we speculated tandem duplications might play a crucial role in the TaDRM subfamily expansion. Through the transcriptional analysis of TaDMT genes in a TGMS line BS366 and its hybrids and its hybrids with other six fertile lines under sterile and fertile conditions, we concluded that TaCMT-D2, TaMET1-B1, and TaDRM-U6 might be involved in male sterility in BS366. Furthermore, a correlation analysis showed that TaMET1-B1 might negatively regulate the expression of TaRAFTIN1A, an important gene for pollen development, so we speculated an epigenetic regulatory mechanism underling the male sterility of BS366 by the interaction between TaMET1-B1 and TaRAFTIN1A.Conclusions: Our findings presented a detailed phylogenic overview of the DMT genes and could provide novel insights into the effects of the DMT genes on TGMS wheat.
Effects of the socio-economic transition on health professions education: The case of Mongolia
Authors: Amgalan Nomin , Shin Jwa-Seop , Lee Seung-Hee , Badamdorj Oyungoo , Ravjir Oyungerel , Yoon Hyun Bae 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Former socialist countries have undergone a socio-economic transition in recent decades. New challenges for the healthcare system have arisen in the transition economy, leading to demands for better management and development of the health professions. However, few studies have explored the effects of this transition on health professions education. Thus, we investigated the effects of the socio-economic transition on the health professions education system in Mongolia, a transition economy country, and to identify changes in requirements. Methods: We used a multi-level perspective to explore the effects of the transition, including the input, process, and output levels of the health professions education system. The input level refers to planning and management, the process level refers to the actual delivery of educational services, and the output level refers to issues related to the health professionals, produced by the system. This study utilized a qualitative research design, including document review and interviews with local representatives. Content analysis and the constant comparative method were used for data analysis. Results: We explored tensions in the three levels of the health professions education system. First, medical schools attained academic authority for planning and management without proper regulation and financial support. The government sets tuition fees, which are the only financial resource of medical schools; thus, medical schools attempt to enroll more students in order to adapt to the market environment. Second, the quality of educational services varies across institutions due to the absence of a core curriculum and differences in the learning environment. After the transition, the number of private medical schools rapidly increased without quality control, while hospitals started their own specialized training programs. Third, health professionals are struggling to maintain their professional values and development in the market environment. Fixed salaries lead to a lack of motivation, and quality evaluation measures more likely reflect government control than quality improvement.Conclusions: Mongolia continues to face the consequences of the socio-economic transition. Medical schools’ lack of financial authority, the varying quality of educational services, and poor professional development are the major adverse effects. Finding external financial support, developing a core curriculum, and introducing performance-based payments are recommended.
Identification of Potential Plasma Biomarkers in Early-stage Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma-derived Exosomes Based on RNA Sequencing&nbsp;
Authors: Zheng Wei , Ye Wangzhong , Huang Xinyi , Xu Yuanji , Wu Zijie , Chen Qinyan , Lin Zhizhong , Chen Yanyu , Bai Penggang , Chen Chuanben 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background. Early diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is vital to improve the prognosis of these patients. However, early diagnosis of NPC is typically challenging. Therefore, we explored the roles and mechanisms of exosomes in plasma of patients with early-stage NPC. Methods. Exosomes in plasma were extracted by ultra-high-speed centrifugation. Western blot and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to verify the purity of exosomes. The sequencing data (6 plasma samples from healthy volunteers vs. 6 NPC plasma samples) were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), DESeq2, gene ontology (GO), kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), and TargetScan. The differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were obtained from the dataset (GSE118720) downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. Additionally, the datasets downloaded from the GEO database (GSE12452, GSE13597, GSE53819, GSE64634) were used to predict the target genes and functions of hsa-miR-1301-3p. qPCR was applied to verify the differences in the expressions of hsa-miR-1301-3p between 10 normal plasma and 10 NPC plasma samples.Results. Western blot, TEM, and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis showed adequate purity of the extracted exosomes. RNA-seq analysis revealed 21 upregulated miRNAs, and 10 downregulated miRNAs in plasma exosomes of early-stage NPC patients. GO analysis showed that the target genes of DEmiRNAs were mainly enriched in DNA synthesis and transcription regulation. KEGG analysis revealed that DEmiRNAs were mainly enriched in PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, the expression of hsa-mir-1301-3p was verified to be significantly upregulated in enlarged samples of plasma exosomes.Conclusions. We identified several DEmiRNAs extracted from tumor-derived exosomes between normal plasma and early-stage NPC plasma. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that these DEmiRNAs may be related to NPC development. Our study may provide novel insights into underlying biomarkers and mechanisms of plasma exosomes in early-stage NPC.
Overexpression of Keratin17 is Associated With Prognosis of Oral Cancer in the Chinese Population
Authors: Wang Lili , Song Hongguang , Yang Shiming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Oral cancer represents an common cancer among head and neck malignancies. The early metastasis contributes the poor prognosis of this disease. Keratin (KRT) family has ever been found to be involved in some crucial biological processes in normal cells and human cancer cells. As a member of this family, keratin 17 (KRT17) has been studied in some different cancers. In the present study, we aimed at assess the prognostic value of KRT17 in patients with oral cancer.Methods: Expression of KRT17 in 135 paired oral cancer tissues and noncancerous tissues was estimated by using quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The prognostic value of KRT17 was assessed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis.Results: Upregulated expression of KRT17 was detected in oral cancer tissues compared with the matched normal tissues (P<0.001). The expression of KRT17 was found associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.025) and clinical stage (P=0.005). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the patients with high KRT17 expression possessed worse overall survival than those with low level cases (log-rank P=0.000). From the data of Cox analysis, we considered the KRT17 expression was an independent prognostic biomarker in oral cancer patients with HR of 2.489, 95% CI of 1.333-4.648 and P of 0.004.Conclusion: In summary, the expression of KRT17 was found upregulated in oral cancer tissue specimens and it was proved to serve as an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with oral cancer.
Propofol Impairs Specification of Retinal Cell Types in Zebrafish by Inhibiting Zisp-mediated Noggin-1 Palmitoylation and Trafficking
Authors: Fan Xiaoqing , Yang Haoran , Hu Lizhu , Wang Delong , Wang Ruiting , Hao Aijun , Chen Xueran 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Propofol can have adverse effects on developing neurons, leading to cognitive disorders. However, the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of propofol on neuronal development in zebrafish. Methods: The effect of propofol on neuronal development was demonstrated by a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. mRNA injections, Whole-mount in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR, TUNEL, EdU, Co-Immunoprecipitation and acyl–biotin exchange (ABE) labeling method were carried out to demonstrate the potential mechanisms of propofol-mediated zisp expression and specification of retinal cell types.Results: Propofol impaired the specification of retinal cell types, thereby inhibiting neuronal and glial cell formation in retinas, mainly through inhibition of Zisp expression. Furthermore, Zisp promoted the secretion of a soluble form and the stabilization of a membrane-associated form of Noggin-1, a specific palmitoylation substrate.Conclusions: Propofol caused a severe phenotype during neuronal development in zebrafish. Our findings established a direct link between an anesthetic agent and protein palmitoylation in the regulation of neuronal development. This could be used to investigate the mechanisms via which the improper use of propofol might result in neuronal defects.
Modelling the temporal and spatial wind energy trend in the Caspian Sea
Authors: Rahime Milad , Gholamalifard Mehdi , Hesari Akbar Rashidi Ebrahim 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The oceans and seas have huge areas of the planet. The ecosystem services that can be obtained from
these resources are very diverse and with potential one of these sources is wind power. As a result, the
Caspian Sea is widespread with a fragile ecosystem. Which seems to be the right choice for the
development of this industry. Therefore, for modeling the wind energy of the Caspian Sea, the data
from the ERA-Intrem for 1980 to 2015 combined with QuickScat and RapidScat remote sensing data.
The modeling results showed a power density of 173 W/m2, concentration density in the series process
showed that 67% of the Caspian Sea area has a decreasing trend, the rate of this sea change for the entire
period from 1980 to 2015 was 2.1 W/m2. These changes in the northern part of the Caspian Sea have a
higher rate than other parts. The sea is affected by climate change.
A Rigorous Study on Relation of Stroke Risk Factor With Specific Ischemic Brain Stroke in Indian Patients: A Case Control Study
Authors: SHRIVASTAV DHARMSHEEL , VERMA MANISH KUMAR , TRIPATHI PRATIBHA , SINGH DESH DEEPAK , SAXENA NIVEDITA , VERMA ALOK , KUSHWAHA J S , PRAKASH JAY , SINGH ANAND NARAYAN 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundRecent evidences suggested that deficiency of Vit-D is associated with risk of ischemic stroke and its severity. The mechanism behind its relationship have been linked to total oxidant level and some other modifiable risk factor like hypertension, diabetes, smoking and alcohol consumption and tobacco chewing. However, there are disappearances in evidences. The aim of this study is to find out the role of Vit-D and Total oxidants in ischemic stroke and in disease progression.MethodsIn this case control study total 205 individuals of case and control enrolled in this study the demographic data like age, gender, ethnicity, dietary habit, addiction (smoking, alcohol, tobacco chewing) previous history of disease (hypertension, diabetes, any cardiovascular disease) were collected from family members and other medical record. ResultsThe mean age of case and control group of 63.91 ± 12.66 and 62.52 ± 7.04 respectively. There was significant difference between insufficient Vit-D level in case and control group (p<0.05) however, there were significant difference of MDA in the groups classified on the basis of Vit-D level in case and control (p<0.05) moreover, there were inverse association observed between Vit-D and MDA level in both case and control. Vit-D and MDA shows significant association ischemic stroke however, MDA have association with stroke severity. ConclusionThe result shows higher prevalence of Vit-D deficiency in ischemic stroke patients which induce MDA level parallelly. At low level of Vit-D and high level of MDA associated with the severity of stroke. Moreover, Vit-D and MDA shows significant association with stroke occurrence. Furthermore, MDA significantly associated with stroke severity however Vit-D does not show any association with stroke severity
Adherence to Self-managed Exercises for Patients with Persistent Subacromial Pain: The Ad-Shoulder Feasibility Study
Authors: Major Daniel H. , Grotle Margreth , Littlewood Chris , Brox Jens Ivar , Matre Dagfinn , Gallet Heidi V. , Røe Yngve 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Exercise is recommended for patients with subacromial pain. It has been suggested that good exercise adherence improves clinical outcomes. Despite this, little attention has been paid to the need for behavioural frameworks to enhance adherence to home exercise programs for patients with subacromial pain.Methods: A feasibility study with pre-post design was used. Participants aged > 18 years, with subacromial pain, who had received conservative treatment during the past six months, were recruited. The Ad-Shoulder intervention consisted of 1-5 individual sessions provided over 3 months and was based on 5 self-management skills, which aimed to enhance the patients’ self-efficacy and adherence to self-managed exercises. The primary objectives were assessed according to predefined progression criteria: 1) The recruitment rate (10 patients enrolled within 12 weeks); 2) Follow-up rate (≥80% on all self-reported measures); 3) Objective physical activity measures (≥80% of participants would contribute valid data at each time point), 4) Adherence with the self-managed exercises (≥80% of the participants would adhere to ≥80% of the assigned home exercise program); 5) Fidelity of the delivery of the intervention (The therapists delivered the intervention according to the protocol); 6) Adverse events (<30% would report adverse events (including mild)). The results were reported using descriptive statistics.Results: Eleven patients were recruited during 16 weeks. Ten patients completed the self-reported measures at baseline and Week 12. Objective physical activity measures were successfully obtained for 100% at baseline, 64% at week six and 82% at week 12. 55% of the participants satisfactorily completed at least 80% of their home exercise program. All sessions were delivered according to the protocol. None of the patients reported any adverse events. Conclusions: Objective physical activity data measures at baseline and week 12, follow-up, the physiotherapists’ fidelity to the intervention and adverse events met our pre-specified progression criteria. Recruitment and adherence to the self-managed exercise program were both below the anticipated level. Further intervention development is necessary to understand whether adherence to the self-managed exercises could be enhanced and additional methods of recruitment would need to be considered, including additional recruitment sites, in any planning for a future main trial.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04190836, Registered December 9, 2019 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04190836
Cutaneous Hyperpigmentation and Familial Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Associated With Germline KIT Mutation Treated With Imatinib: A Chinese Case Report
Authors: Yuan Wei , Huang Wen , Ren Lei , Lv Jinghuan , Xu Chen , Luan Lijuan , Huang Jie , Xue Anwei , Fang Yong , Gao Xiaodong , Shen Kuntang , Hou Yingyong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundFamilial gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has been identified with multiple GISTs harboring the mutations in germline KIT and PDGFRA. There are only 35 kindreds with germline KIT and 6 with PDGFRA mutations have been reported to date. Familial GIST is often characterized by a series of manifestations, such as multiple lesions, hyperpigmentation, mastocytosis, and dysphagia. Only some kindreds have response to imatinib treatment.Materials and MethodsA 25-year-old Chinese woman presented to the hospital with abdominal pain, and computed tomography (CT) scan showed multiple tumors in the small intestine. Her father had a history of multifocal GISTs, and referred to the hospital with abdominal pain and tumor recurrences last year. Immuhistochemical analysis of CD117 and DOG-1 were performed on tumor samples from the two patients, while KIT mutational analysis was carried out by direct sequencing on DNA from paraffin-embedded specimens and saliva sample.ResultsMultiple GISTs associated with diffuse interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) hyperplasia were illustrated in these two patients. These tumors were positive for CD117 and DOG-1. The germline mutation at codon 560 of exon 11 (p.V560G) of the KIT gene were found. Treatment with imatinib resulted in favorable responses in both tumor and cutaneous hyperpigmentation.ConclusionsIt is difficult to make a correct diagnosis of familial GIST at first time due to its rarity. This case was finally diagnosed as familial GIST depending on the combination of diffuse ICC hyperplasia, germline KIT mutation, hyperpigmentation and its family history.
Experimental realization of non-Abelian gauge field in circuit
system
Authors: Yu Rui , Song Ziyin , Wu Tianyu , Wu Wenquan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Synthetic gauge field, especially the non-Abelian gauge field, has emerged as a new way to explore exotic physics in a wide range of materials and platforms. Here we present the building blocks, consisting of capacitors and inductors, to implement the non-Abelian tunneling matrices and show that circuit system is an appropriate choice to realize the non-Abelian gauge field. To demonstrate the novel physics enabled by the non-Abelian gauge field, we provide a simple and modular scheme to design the Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction and topological Chern state in circuits. By measuring the spin texture and
chiral edge states of the resonant frequency band structures, we confirm the spin-orbit effect and topological Chern state in circuits. Our schemes open a broad avenue to study non-Abelian gauge field and related physics in circuit platform.
Lessons From a Theory of Change-driven Evaluation of a Global Mental Health Funding Portfolio
Authors: Miguel-Esponda Georgina , Ryan Grace Kathryn , Lockwood-Estrin Georgia , Usmani Shamaila , Lee Lucy , Murphy Jill , Qureshi Onaiza , Endale Tarik , Regan Marguerite , Eaton Julian , De Silva Mary 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundGiven the underinvestment in global mental health to-date, it is important to consider how best to maximize the impact of existing investments. Theory of Change (ToC) is increasingly attracting the interest of funders seeking to evaluate their own impact. This is the first of four papers investigating Grand Challenges Canada’s (GCC’s) first global mental health research funding portfolio (2012-2016) using a ToC-driven approach.MethodsA portfolio-level ToC map was developed through a collaborative process involving GCC grantees and other key stakeholders. Proposed ToC indicators were harmonised with GCC’s pre-existing Results-based Management and Accountability Framework to produce a “Core Metrics Framework” of 23 indicators linked to 17 outcomes of the ToC map. For each indicator relevant to their project, the grantee was asked to set a target prior to the start of implementation, then report results at six-month intervals. We used the latest available dataset from all 56 projects in GCC’s global mental health funding portfolio to produce a descriptive analysis of projects’ characteristics and outcomes related to delivery. Results12,999 people were trained to provide services, the majority of whom were lay or other non-specialist health workers. Most projects exceeded their training targets for capacity-building, except for those training lay health workers. Of the 321,933 people screened by GCC-funded projects, 162,915 received treatment. Most projects focused on more than one disorder and exceeded all their targets for screening, diagnosis and treatment. Fewer people than intended were screened for common mental disorders and epilepsy (60% and 54%, respectively), but many more were diagnosed and treated than originally proposed (148% and 174%, respectively). In contrast, the three projects that focused on perinatal depression exceeded screening and diagnosis targets, but only treated 43% of their intended target. ConclusionsUnder- or over-achievement of targets may reflect operational challenges such as high staff turnover, or challenges in setting appropriate targets, for example due to insufficient epidemiological evidence. Differences in delivery outcomes when disaggregated by disorder suggest that these challenges are not universal. We caution implementers, funders and evaluators from taking a one-size-fits all approach and make several recommendations for how to facilitate more in-depth, multi-method evaluation of impact using portfolio-level ToC.