bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust and fast filtering method for enhancement of two-dimensional quality-guided path unwrapping algorithms
Authors: Mostafavi Amjad Jafar 
Published: March 2020

This paper presents a new filtering algorithm for reducing phase noise based on the bicubic interpolation method (BIM). The unwrapped phase map accuracy is enhanced by the combination of BIM with a conventional unwrapping algorithm. The bicubic interpolation filtering (BIF) and bicubic interpolation smoothed filtering (BISF) methods are two powerful low-pass filters. The simulation shows that the BIF and BISF convert the initial noise distribution to Gaussian distribution. The Mirau interferometer is used to improve the performance of the proposed filtering algorithms. The root mean square error between two quality-guided path unwrapping algorithms and BISF method is estimated at approximately 31 nm.
Nonlinear refraction in CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystals
Authors: Kriso Christian , Stein Markus , Haeger Tobias , Pourdavoud Neda , Gerhard Marina , Rahimi-Iman Arash , Riedl Thomas , Koch Martin 
Published: March 2020

We measure both nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction in a

C
H

3

N
H

3

P
b
B
r

3

single crystal using the Z-scan technique with femtosecond laser pulses. At 1000 nm, we obtain values of 5.2 cm/GW and

+

9.5

⋅

10

−
14

c
m

2

/

W

for nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction, respectively. The sign and magnitude of the observed refractive nonlinearity are reproduced well by the two-band model. Our results suggest that the large nonlinear refractive index measured in perovskite nanostructures cannot be explained by an intrinsically high bound-electronic nonlinear refractive index in this emerging material class but is possibly caused by free carriers or quantum confinement effects.
Single-mode Bragg ring laser diodes
Authors: Janjua Bilal , Lon Iu Meng , Charles Paul , Chen Eric , Helmy Amr S. 
Published: March 2020

We have designed and fabricated a monolithic semiconductor ring laser based on a Bragg waveguide structure. Through careful control of the waveguiding, we have overcome the inherent “leaky” nature of this waveguide mode and demonstrated a ring laser lasing in the Bragg mode. Best behavior was obtained from lasers with a diameter of 400 µm, where they exhibited output power

>

1

m
W

, in continuous wave (CW) operation. A tangent waveguide provided access to the ring cavity using two ports through evanescent coupling. To meet the stringent waveguiding requirements imposed by the Bragg structure, a two-step etching process, consisting of a shallow-etched coupler and a deep-etched bend section of the ring, was developed in order to reduce the bend and scattering losses. The laser showed a threshold current density of

∼

2.2

k
A

/

c
m

2

in CW operation with single longitudinal mode operation with a signal-to-noise ratio of 30 dBm obtained at 1.5

I

t
h

. Broadband phase-matching of

χ

(
2
)

nonlinearity is observed, offering self-pumped parametric C-band conversion

>

40

n
m

with efficiency of

142

%

W

−
1

c
m

−
2

.
Double grating shearing interferometry for X-ray free-electron laser beams
Authors: Makita Mikako , Seniutinas Gediminas , Seaberg Matthew H. , Lee Hae Ja , Galtier Eric C. , Liang Mengning , Aquila Andrew , Boutet Sébastien , Hashim Akel , Hunter Mark S. , van Driel Tim , Zastrau Ulf , David Christian , Nagler Bob 
Published: March 2020

The advancements in bright and coherent X-ray free-electron lasers
(XFEL) have in the last decade revolutionized diverse fields of study,
leading to an ever-increasing demand in more intense X-ray pulses. The
accurate knowledge of the wavefront and the focal profile of such
pulses ultimately dictates much of the experimental outcome. Here we
present a single-shot shearing interferometry method to measure the
wavefront of a focused hard XFEL pulse. Two identical transmission
gratings are placed near the focus, and the interference pattern of
overlapping diffraction orders is analyzed, resulting in a
two-dimensional reconstruction of the X-ray wavefront. The spatial
resolution and wavefront sensitivity can be tuned in-situ during the measurement. The method is non-invasive
(i.e., the zeroth order or transmitted pulse is not modified in
intensity or profile), allowing for either a simultaneous intensity
measurement at high resolution or a fully characterized transmitted
pulse for general experimental use.
Very Early Onset of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Patient With Long-Segment Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: Wolfson Sharon , Whitfield Van Buren Kristin 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a congenital defect caused by impaired development of the enteric nervous system. Inflammatory bowel disease has an increased prevalence in patients with HSCR. We describe the clinical course of a patient with long-segment HSCR who, at the age of 12 months, developed diffuse intestinal inflammation most clinically consistent with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease. We further explore previous studies that implicate the underlying neuroenteric abnormalities in HSCR as possible explanations for this patient's intestinal immune and inflammatory dysregulation.
Bioimpedance analysis in determining body composition in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a pilot study
Authors: Kondratyeva L. V. , Panafidina T. A. , Popkova T. V. , Varaeva Yu. R. , Starodubova A. V. 
Published: March 2020

Objective: to determine body composition (BC) in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), by using bioimpedance analysis.Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 12 women with a reliable diagnosis of SLE, who were followed up at the Clinic of the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology. Their median age was 46.5 [38.5; 54.7] years. All the patients underwent estimation of waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). BC was analyzed using an InBody 770 multi-frequency bioimpedance analyzer (Biospace Co. Ltd, South Korea) at the Clinical Nutrition Clinic, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Biotechnology.Results and discussion. BMI corresponding to overweight or obesity was observed in 67% of patients; abdominal obesity (AO) was seen in 83%. BC study showed that in most patients, adipose tissue mass was greater than the normal values (75%), lean body mass, skeletal muscle mass, and the amount of body water were within normal limits (83%), and the basal metabolic rate was reduced (67%). There were positive correlations between the percentage of adipose tissue and BMI (r=0.9; p<0.01), WC (r=0.7; p<0.01), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (r=0.6; p<0.05), and complement C3 concentrations (r=0.9; p<0.01). Similar results were obtained when assessing the relationship between visceral fat area and BMI (r=0.9; p<0.01), WC (r=0.78; p<0.01), CRP (r=0.6; p<0.05), complement component C3 (r=0.8; p<0.01). There was an inverse correlation between visceral fat area and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) (r=-0.6; p<0.05).Conclusion. Most women with SLE have AO, increased adipose tissue mass, normal lean body mass, and decreased basal metabolism. There is a direct correlation of visceral fat content and inflammatory markers (CRP, complement component C3) and an inverse correlation of those with the SLEDAI-2K.
Data from a prospective study of the features of systemic lupus erythematosus in patients of Kyrgyzstan (Eurasian RENAISSANCE Register)
Authors: Koilubaeva G. M. , Aseeva E. A. , Solovyev S. K. , Karimova E. R. , Nikishina N. Yu. , Dzhuzenova F. S. , Lila A. M. , Nasonov E. L. , Dzhichambaev E. Zh. 
Published: March 2020

Objective: to study and analyze the clinical and laboratory manifestations, course, and outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients living in Kyrgyzstan.Patients and methods. The prospective study included 150 young patients aged 34 [26, 44] years in a Kyrgyz cohort (KC) with SLE, the disease of which was 3.0 [0.7; 10] years. All clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data of patients, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) indicators, and treatment regimens were recorded in the international research base, such as British Lupus Integrated Prospective System (BLIPS). SLE activity was assessed using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). At the end of the observation, the investigators assessed the following indicators: the number of exacerbations of SLE by the SELENA Flare Index (SFI); the onset of complete or drug-induced remission; the number of deaths; and the development of irreversible organ damages (IOD) according to the damage index (DI).Results and discussion. When seeing the physician for the first time, the KC included more patients with high (n=61 (40.66%)) and very high (n=40 (26.67%)) disease activity. Most (n=60 (40%)) patients were observed to have a subacute type of the course of the disease. At the first visit, the most common manifestations of SLE were damages to the skin (n=99 (72.67%)), serous membranes (n=91 (60.67%)), and lupus nephritis (n=79 (52.67%)). IODs were identified in 15.33% of the patients and were absent in 84.67%. IODs were more often due to the administration of glucocorticoids (GCs) in 43.48% of cases. However, GC therapy was not a predictor of organ damages (relative risk, 0.91; p>0.05). In the KC, the significant predictors of adverse outcomes were old-age onset SLE and its high activity, acute course, and frequent exacerbations.Conclusion. The KC patients had high and very high clinical and laboratory activities (40.6 and 26.6%, respectively), mainly those of acute and subacute SLE (32 and 40%, respectively), obvious immunological disorders. There was a preponderance of damages to the skin (73%), serous membranes (61%), and kidney (53%) among the clinical manifestations of SLE. IODs were found in 15.33% of patients at their study inclusion. These were more frequently represented by GC-induced changes. However, the ongoing GC therapy in the KC patients was not a predictor of organ damages. The significant predictors of an adverse outcome in our patients were old-age onset SLE and its high activity, acute course, and frequent exacerbations.
Rheumatic pain management: molecular aspects
Authors: Chetina E. V. , Sharapova E. P. 
Published: March 2020

Rheumatic diseases (RDs), including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, are non-infectious slowly progressive incurable inflammatory diseases that lead to prolonged disability due to damage to the musculoskeletal system. Pain is a dominant symptom at any stage of these diseases, is directly related to joint functioning, and determines the quality of life in patients. Moreover, despite the significant successes of studying the role of inflammation and regulation of autoimmune processes, the pathogenetic mechanisms for the development and maintenance of pain in RDs are little investigated. The nociceptive mechanisms due to inflammation and/or joint structural impairment are involved in the development of rheumatic pain. In addition, the latter is also associated with impaired signaling in the nervous system and with psychological problems in patients.At the present stage, pain treatment includes non-pharmacological interventions, as well as the use of certain pharmacological agents, in particular opioids and narcotic drugs. However, despite significant successes in the design of drugs that relieve pain, at present, a significant proportion of patients with RDs still experience pain after therapy. When designing novel drugs for the treatment of pain, it is necessary to take into account the molecular mechanisms of its development in RDs. This review considers the features of the manifestations of pain, its molecular markers and mechanisms at different stages of the disease in patients with the two most common RDs, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
CORRELATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY OF THE BRAIN
Authors: Feklicheva I , Chipeeva N , Zakharov I , Maslennikova E , Ismatullina V 
Published: March 2020

Aim. The purpose of the article is to study the correlation between physical activity and functional connectivity (FC) of the brain based on EEG data. Materials and methods. The study sample included 43 healthy persons aged from 17 to 35 years (26 women). The participants were divided into two groups. The first group (21 persons) was engaged in physical activity for more than 3 hours a week, the second (22 persons) group was not engaged in physical activity. In all participants, 10-minute EEG recording at rest was performed. To assess the differences in the global characteristics of functional connectivity, such graph metrics as the characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, small world index, and modularity were chosen. Results. Significant differences between the two groups in terms of the cluster coefficient were obtained using the Wilcoxon test (W = 201, p < 0.001). To compare the intergroup differences, the DOT (double one-sided test) procedure was used, which allowed assessing the equivalence of groups based on a pre-selected effect size. When comparing the two groups, statistically significant differences are observed for two one-sided Student’s tests, while the effect size exceeds the pre-selected effect size (d = 0.05), both for the upper and lower reference values, which indicates not only statistical significance, but also the inequality of the samples. Conclusion. Young people who regularly engage in physical activity for more than 3 hours per week have higher functional connectivity of the brain than those of the same age who do not engage in physical activity, which is expressed in the clustering coefficient. In general, the results of this study show that physical activity increases functional connectivity of the brain in the alpha range. The connectivity increases due to the emergence of new functional clusters within existing associations of brain regions.
THE CONDITIONS FOR TRANSITING TO THE STAGE OF PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT IN 14–15-YEAR OLD WRESTLERS
Authors: Suslov N , Mishustin V , Sentiabrev N 
Published: March 2020

Aim. The purpose of the article is searching for conditions in the training process for forming a permanent part of motor coordination typical for a competitive technique during the growth spurt. Materials and methods. Body length and body weight were measured in 2 groups of young males on an annual basis. The first group consisted of non-athletes (n = 18), the second group comprised of young weightlifters (n = 18). The examination was conducted in the following age groups: from 10 to 13 years and from 14 to 16 years. Body composition was assessed through the Matejko method. Special fitness was measured by the barbell velocity during the lift established with the help of the photoelectron device based on a transmitter (optical quantum generator), a photodetector, and a recording device. Using the correlation between the factual and model values of minimum fixation speed the efficiency of motor coordination was assessed in the range of 60–100% of barbell weight. These correlations were also used for establishing a limiting character of technique and strength. Results. The analysis of body weight during the annual cycle showed the change in weight categories. This reflected athletes’ weight gain while preserving their qualification. An earlier increase in general growth in young weightlifters has been established, which confirms the advisability of early specialization. It was found that when performing a jerk, the minimum fixation speed of the barbell increases with increasing body length. The insufficiency of this indicator compared to qualified athletes is compensated by an increase in the importance of the muscle factor, which reduces the reliability of motor actions. A training technique is proposed aimed at a more effective implementation of motor skills and a decrease in the barbell speed based on pedagogical instruction and information on the barbell speed. This resulted in a statistically significant (t = 2.89; p < 0.05) increase in the number of successful barbell lifts. Conclusion. When doing weightlifting, it is necessary to stimulate general growth and the growth of muscle mass with training loads being a leading factor in sports results. The training process combined with pedagogical instruction forms a stable motor skill and a reasonable transition to the stage of performance enhancement.
FITNESS CENTER LIABILITY INSURANCE FOR PROTECTING THE RIGHTS OF FITNESS SERVICES CONSUMERS
Authors: Kvanina V , Spiridonova A , Tikhomirova A 
Published: March 2020

Aim. The purpose of the article is to identify the most effective mechanism for ensuring the responsibility of fitness centers for harm caused to consumers as a result of providing fitness services that do not meet safety requirements. Materials and methods. The work examines the norms of the Russian legislation regulating the activities of fitness centers in terms of ensuring safety of fitness services, materials of judicial practice in disputes related to compensation for harm caused to consumers when providing fitness services, and the experience of foreign countries. The research methodology consists of analysis of regulatory legal acts and law enforcement practice. Results. It is proved that when providing fitness services that do not meet safety requirements harm can be caused, which requires additional collateral security for the responsibility of fitness clubs. It is proved that the liability insurance of fitness centers will protect the interests of consumers of fitness services and increase consumers’ trust and involvement in the fitness industry. Conclusion. In conditions of the increased risk of harm to customers of fitness centers resulting from the nature of fitness services, liability insurance for harm caused to the consumers’ life and health is an effective protective mechanism for ensuring customers’ inte­rests. Compulsory insurance of non-contractual liability for harm caused to consumers of fitness services needs to be stated in the legislation as a prerequisite for the activities of fitness centers.
The comparasion of music teacher candidates’ instrument test grades and instrument sight reading grades in talent exam with individual instrument exam grades during four-years education period
Authors: Erol Düzbastılar Meltem 
Published: March 2020

Every year Music education programs of the education Faculties, select students through out a talent test. This study aims to compare the instrument test grades and instrument sight reading grades at the talent test with individual instrument test grades of the students of Education Faculty Fine Arts Education Branch Music Education department. At the same time, the study aims to compare the instrument test grades and instrument sight reading grades at the talent test with individual instrument test grades of the students at first, second, third and fourth calass according to the high schools that students graduated. This research is important bescause of showing the 4 year progress of the students from the point of individual instrument playing; at the same time it is important for showing the progress of Fine Arts High School graduates and other high school graduates, and the difference between two groups. In this research relational search method will be used. The sample of the study consists of 176 student who became successfull at the talent exams in 2012, 2013, 2014 ve 2015 and registered to the Education Faculty Fine Arts Education Branch Music Education department of a University located in Black Sea Reagion. The data of the research is obtained by the approval of the deanship of the Faculty. The data will be analysed with a statistical analyse program which is used for the social sciences. As the result of the study the progress and the difference of the instrument playing and instrument sight reading scores will be shown as tables and will be commented.
Application of DPSIR Framework to Explore Effectiveness of Solid Waste Management in the Maldives.
Authors: Shadiya Fathmath , Shareef Ali Fawaz 
Published: March 2020

Waste management in preindustrial times was simple because most of the waste consists of organic materials which decompose naturally. However with the change in consumption patterns of the Maldivians, non- biodegradable synthetic materials such as plastic have become one of the leading causes of marine and coastal pollution in the Maldives. In an attempt to identify a low cost efficient approach of Solid Waste Management system across the country, the Maldivian government has introduced a community based solid waste management system at island level. Hence, the main focus of this study is to explore factors that influence effectiveness of Community Based Solid Waste management systems implemented at island level, using Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) framework. Community participation, community satisfaction level and community willingness to pay for the new system was evaluated in the study. Analysis of data showed, even though most people in the community were satisfied with the new system , there was no association between community satisfaction level and their willingness to pay for the sustenance of the new system. In addition, even though community was aware about plastic pollution, there was no association between community perception about plastic pollution and their willingness to adopt green consumer behaviors. The results also showed that even though majority of community members were satisfied with the current model of waste management system, the current system does not address the driving factors that contributes to solid waste generation at island level.
Adaptive Resetting of Tuberoinfundibular Dopamine (TIDA) Network Activity during Lactation in Mice
Authors: Thörn Pérez Carolina , Ferraris Jimena , van Lunteren Josina Anna , Hellysaz Arash , Iglesias María Jesús , Broberger Christian 
Published: March 2020

Giving birth triggers a wide repertoire of physiological and behavioral changes in the mother to enable her to feed and care for her offspring. These changes require coordination and are often orchestrated from the CNS, through as of yet poorly understood mechanisms. A neuronal population with a central role in puerperal changes is the tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons that control release of the pituitary hormone, prolactin, which triggers key maternal adaptations, including lactation and maternal care. Here, we used Ca2+imaging on mice from both sexes and whole-cell recordings on female mouse TIDA neuronsin vitroto examine whether they adapt their cellular and network activity according to reproductive state. In the high-prolactin state of lactation, TIDA neurons shift to faster membrane potential oscillations, a reconfiguration that reverses upon weaning. During the estrous cycle, however, which includes a brief, but pronounced, prolactin peak, oscillation frequency remains stable. An increase in the hyperpolarization-activated mixed cation current, Ih, possibly through unmasking as dopamine release drops during nursing, may partially explain the reconfiguration of TIDA rhythms. These findings identify a reversible plasticity in hypothalamic network activity that can serve to adapt the dam for motherhood.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMotherhood requires profound behavioral and physiological adaptations to enable caring for offspring, but the underlying CNS changes are poorly understood. Here, we show that, during lactation, neuroendocrine dopamine neurons, the “TIDA” cells that control prolactin secretion, reorganize their trademark oscillations to discharge in faster frequencies. Unlike previous studies, which typically have focused on structural and transcriptional changes during pregnancy and lactation, we demonstrate a functional switch in activity and one that, distinct from previously described puerperal modifications, reverses fully on weaning. We further provide evidence that a specific conductance (Ih) contributes to the altered network rhythm. These findings identify a new facet of maternal brain plasticity at the level of membrane properties and consequent ensemble activity.