bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contributions of the Capsule and Labrum to Hip Mechanics in the Context of Hip Microinstability
Authors: Johannsen Adam M. , Ejnisman Leandro , Behn Anthony W. , Shibata Kotaro , Thio Timothy , Safran Marc R. 
Published: December 2019

Background: Hip microinstability and labral pathology are commonly treated conditions with increasing research emphasis. To date, there is limited understanding of the biomechanical effects of the hip capsule and labrum on controlling femoral head motion. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine the relative role of anterior capsular laxity and labral insufficiency in atraumatic hip microinstability. Our hypotheses were that (1) labral tears in a capsular intact state will have a minimal effect on femoral head motion and (2) the capsule and labrum work synergistically in controlling hip stability. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twelve paired hip specimens from 6 cadaveric pelvises (age, 18-41 years) met the inclusion criteria. Specimens were stripped of all soft tissue except the hip capsule and labrum, then aligned, cut, and potted using a custom jig. A materials testing system was used to cyclically stretch the anterior hip capsule in extension and external rotation, while rotating about the mechanical axis of the hip. Labral insufficiency was created with a combined radial and chondrolabral tear under direct visualization. A motion tracking system was used to record hip internal-external rotation and displacement of the femoral head relative to the acetabulum in the anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and superior-inferior directions. Testing variables included baseline, postventing, postcapsular stretching, and postlabral insufficiency. Results: When comparing the vented state with each experimental pathologic state, increases in femoral head motion were noted in both the capsular laxity state and the labral insufficiency state. The combined labral insufficiency and capsular laxity state produced statistically significant increases ( P < .001) in femoral head translation compared with the vented state in all planes of motion. Conclusion: Both the anterior capsule and labrum play a role in hip stability. In this study, the anterior hip capsule was the primary stabilizer to femoral head translation, but labral tears in the setting of capsular laxity produced the most significant increases in femoral head translation. Clinical Relevance: This study provides a physiologic biomechanical assessment of the hip constraints in the setting of hip microinstability. It also sheds light on the importance of the hip capsule in the management of labral tears. Our study demonstrates that labral tears in isolation provide minimal changes in femoral head translation, but in the setting of a deficient capsule, significant increases in femoral head translation are seen, which may result in joint-related symptoms.
Demographics and outcome of histologically confirmed intracranial meningiomas
Authors: Kamenova Maria , Guzman Raphael , Soleman Jehuda 
Published: December 2019

Objective: Meningiomas represent the most common intracranial extraaxial neoplasia in adults, accounting for a third of all diagnosed primary tumors of the brain. Despite decades of research, relatively little data on demographics of meningiomas exist. The aim of our study was to undertake an analysis of demographics and outcome of patients who underwent meningioma surgery over an 8-year time period at our institution. Methods: We reviewed 187 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed meningioma. Demographic data, tumor location and side, surgical resection grade, and histopathological and radiological data were collected and assessed for all patients. Furthermore, recurrence, morbidity, and mortality were evaluated. Results: Of the 187 consecutive patients undergoing meningioma resection over a period of 8 years, 131 (70.1%) were women ( p < 0.001). Meningiomas were classified as World Health Organization (WHO) grade I, grade II, and grade III in 66.8%, 31.0%, and 2.1%, of the cases, respectively ( p < 0.001). MIB-1 proliferation index was <1 in 7.5%, 1–5 in 52.9%, 6–10 in 22.4%, >10 in 11.8% of the lesions ( p < 0.001). In 82.4% of the cases, gross total resection was achieved. Recurrence occurred in 23 patients (12.3%), while overall morbidity and mortality rate was 41.2% and 7.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Based on our results, women are more than twice as likely to be affected, and the peak age is between 60 years and 70 years. Recurrence rate in our cohort was relatively low when compared to the data in the literature. The diagnosis of WHO grade II meningiomas, 31% in our cohort, is increasing since the 2007 WHO criteria have been published.
Localizing Value of the Signs and Symptoms of Posterior Circulation Infarctions: A Logistic Regression Analysis
Authors: Pazdera Ladislav , Vysata Oldřich , Kukal Jaromir , Tran Quang Van , Mojzes Matej , Caplan Louis Robert 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Anatomical localization of brain infarcts based on clinical symptoms and signs is a key step in stroke diagnosis, but evidence linking specific clinical features with infarct locations is limited. We aimed to identify symptoms and signs of ischemic events that statistically favor precise posterior circulation locations. Patients and Methods: We analyzed data from the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry for 407 adults with previous posterior circulation ischemia (confirmed by brain/vascular imaging). Using multivariate logistic regression and the binary sorting table method, we determined the negative and positive predictive values of 24 signs and symptoms for infarct localization within the proximal, middle, or distal posterior circulation territories. Results: Visual field defect (hemianopia) was a positive or negative sign for all 3 brain stem regions. The presence of visual field defect positively correlated only with the distal region ( P < .001), and its absence indicated infarction in the proximal ( P = .007) or middle ( P < .001) territories. Visual field defect showed the greatest localizing sensitivity and specificity with other signs: visual field defect absence with presence of nausea−vomiting for the proximal region, or hemiparesis and other motor signs in the middle region; presence of visual field defect alone or with absence of generalized weakness in the distal region. Discussion and Conclusion: Presence of visual field defect alone statistically confirms the occurrence of a distal region infarct and excludes proximal or middle territory involvement. Moreover, presence or absence of this sign in the presence of other signs or symptoms localizes the event to proximal or middle regions.
Ibrutinib, but not zanubrutinib, induces platelet receptor shedding of GPIb-IX-V complex and integrin αIIbβ3 in mice and humans
Authors: Dobie Gasim , Kuriri Fahd A. , Omar Musab M. A. , Alanazi Fehaid , Gazwani Ali M. , Tang Chloe P. S. , Sze Daniel Man-yuen , Handunnetti Sasanka M. , Tam Constantine , Jackson Denise E. 
Published: December 2019

Key Points
Ibrutinib but not zanubrutinib induces shedding of GPIb-IX complex in an ADAM17-dependent manner; GPIX has not been shown previously. Ibrutinib, but not zanubrutinib, induces shedding of integrin αIIbβ3 by an unknown sheddase.
Venetoclax for AML: changing the treatment paradigm
Authors: Pollyea Daniel A. , Amaya Maria , Strati Paolo , Konopleva Marina Y. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVenetoclax is a specific B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) inhibitor that can restore activation of apoptosis in malignancies, the survival of which depends on dysregulation of this pathway. Preclinical data, using various model systems including cell lines and patient samples, suggested targeting BCL-2 could be a successful therapeutic strategy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). As predicted by this work, the use of venetoclax in the clinical setting has resulted in promising outcomes for patients with this disease. Although venetoclax showed limited activity as a single agent in the relapsed disease setting, recent studies have shown that when combined with a backbone therapy of a hypomethylating agent or low-dose cytarabine, high response rates with encouraging remission durations for older patients with newly diagnosed AML who were not candidates for intensive induction chemotherapy were observed. Furthermore, venetoclax-based therapies allowed for rapid responses and were able to effectively target the leukemia stem cell population. Here we review the preclinical data that supported the development of venetoclax in AML, as well as the results of the promising clinical trials.
An Efficient Cell-Targeting Drug Delivery System Based on Aptamer-Modified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhao Weihua , Tan Wenwen , Lai Zongqiang , Fang Dong , Jiang Lei , Zuo Chuantian , Yang Nuo , Lai Yongrong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHow to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs efficiently and selectively to tumor cells to improve therapeutic efficacy remains a difficult problem. We herein construct an efficient cell-targeting drug delivery system (Sgc8-MSN/Dox) based on aptamer-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles that relies on the tumor-targeting ability of the aptamer Sgc8 to deliver doxorubicin (Dox) to leukemia cells in a targeted way, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity. In this work, Sgc8-MSN/Dox showed sustained Dox release, and they targeted and efficiently killed CCRF-CEM human acute T lymphocyte leukemia cells, suggesting potential as a cancer therapy.
Dynamically characterizing individual clinical change by the steady state of disease-associated pathway
Authors: Sun Shaoyan , Yu Xiangtian , Sun Fengnan , Tang Ying , Zhao Juan , Zeng Tao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Along with the development of precision medicine, individual heterogeneity is attracting more and more attentions in clinical research and application. Although the biomolecular reaction seems to be some various when different individuals suffer a same disease (e.g. virus infection), the final pathogen outcomes of individuals always can be mainly described by two categories in clinics, i.e. symptomatic and asymptomatic. Thus, it is still a great challenge to characterize the individual specific intrinsic regulatory convergence during dynamic gene regulation and expression. Except for individual heterogeneity, the sampling time also increase the expression diversity, so that, the capture of similar steady biological state is a key to characterize individual dynamic biological processes.

Results
Assuming the similar biological functions (e.g. pathways) should be suitable to detect consistent functions rather than chaotic genes, we design and implement a new computational framework (ABP: Attractor analysis of Boolean network of Pathway). ABP aims to identify the dynamic phenotype associated pathways in a state-transition manner, using the network attractor to model and quantify the steady pathway states characterizing the final steady biological sate of individuals (e.g. normal or disease). By analyzing multiple temporal gene expression datasets of virus infections, ABP has shown its effectiveness on identifying key pathways associated with phenotype change; inferring the consensus functional cascade among key pathways; and grouping pathway activity states corresponding to disease states.

Conclusions
Collectively, ABP can detect key pathways and infer their consensus functional cascade during dynamical process (e.g. virus infection), and can also categorize individuals with disease state well, which is helpful for disease classification and prediction.
Bacterial communities in the gut of wild and mass-reared Zeugodacus cucurbitae and Bactrocera dorsalis revealed by metagenomic sequencing
Authors: Hadapad Ashok B. , Shettigar Suresh K. G. , Hire Ramesh S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundInsect pests belonging to genus Bactrocera sp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) pose major biotic stress on various fruits and vegetable crops around the world. Zeugodacus and Bactrocera sp. are associated with diverse bacterial communities which play an important role in the fitness of sterile insects. The wild populations of melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) and Oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel) were collected from pumpkin and mango fields, respectively. The laboratory populations of Z. cucurbitae andB. dorsaliswere mass-reared on bottle gourd and sweet banana, respectively. Bacterial communities present in the gut of wild and mass-reared mature (~ 12 days old) and newly emerged (< 1 h after emergence) male and female adults ofZ. cucurbitaeandB. dorsaliswere assessed. We used Illumina HiSeq next-generation sequencing of16S rRNAgene to profile the gut bacterial communities of wild and mass-reared mature and newly emergedZ. cucurbitaeandB. dorsalisadults.ResultsWe found diverse bacterial composition in the gut of wild and mass-rearedZ. cucurbitae(ZC) andB. dorsalis(BD) with varied relative abundance. Few taxonomic groups were common to both the species. The most dominant phyla in all samples ofZ. cucurbitaeandB. dorsalisadults were Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The phylum Proteobacteria occurred more in wildZ. cucurbitae(~ 87.72%) andB. dorsalis(~ 83.87%) as compared to mass-rearedZ. cucurbitae(64.15%) andB. dorsalis(~ 80.96%). Higher relative abundance of Phylum Firmicutes was observed in mass-reared fruit fly than wild adults. Cyanobacteria/Chloroplast and Actinobacteria were also present with very low relative abundance in both wild as well as mass-reared melon fly and Oriental fruit fly. Enterobacteriaceae (61.21%) was dominant family in the gut of both wild and mass-reared adults.ProvidenciaandLactococcuswere dominant genera with varied relative abundance in wild as well as in mass-reared mature and newly emerged fruit fly adults of both species. Some of the genera likeMorganellaandSerratiawere only detected in mass-reared mature and newly emergedZ. cucurbitaeandB. dorsalisadults. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) showed that fruit fly adult samples were grouped based on species and age of the adults while no grouping was observed on the basis of sex of the adult fruit fly.ConclusionsThe gut bacterial communities associated with wild and mass-reared mature and newly emerged adults ofZ. cucurbitaeandB. dorsalisshowed variation that depends on species and age of the insects. Understanding the gut microbiota of wild and mass-rearedZ. cucurbitaeandB. dorsalisusing high throughput technology will help to illustrate microbial diversity and this information could be used to develop efficient mass-rearing protocols for successful implementation of sterile insect technique (SIT).
Tephritid-microbial interactions to enhance fruit fly performance in sterile insect technique programs
Authors: Deutscher Ania T. , Chapman Toni A. , Shuttleworth Lucas A. , Riegler Markus , Reynolds Olivia L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is being applied for the management of economically important pest fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a number of countries worldwide. The success and cost effectiveness of SIT depends upon the ability of mass-reared sterilized male insects to successfully copulate with conspecific wild fertile females when released in the field.MethodsWe conducted a critical analysis of the literature about the tephritid gut microbiome including the advancement of methods for the identification and characterization of microbiota, particularly next generation sequencing, the impacts of irradiation (to induce sterility of flies) and fruit fly rearing, and the use of probiotics to manipulate the fruit fly gut microbiota.ResultsDomestication, mass-rearing, irradiation and handling, as required in SIT, may change the structure of the fruit flies’ gut microbial community compared to that of wild flies under field conditions. Gut microbiota of tephritids are important in their hosts’ development, performance and physiology. Knowledge of how mass-rearing and associated changes of the microbial community impact the functional role of the bacteria and host biology is limited. Probiotics offer potential to encourage a gut microbial community that limits pathogens, and improves the quality of fruit flies.ConclusionsAdvances in technologies used to identify and characterize the gut microbiota will continue to expand our understanding of tephritid gut microbial diversity and community composition. Knowledge about the functions of gut microbes will increase through the use of gnotobiotic models, genome sequencing, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metabolomics and metaproteomics. The use of probiotics, or manipulation of the gut microbiota, offers significant opportunities to enhance the production of high quality, performing fruit flies in operational SIT programs.
Enterobacter sp. AA26 gut symbiont as a protein source for Mediterranean fruit fly mass-rearing and sterile insect technique applications
Authors: Kyritsis Georgios A. , Augustinos Antonios A. , Ntougias Spyridon , Papadopoulos Nikos T. , Bourtzis Kostas , Cáceres Carlos 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Insect species have established sophisticated symbiotic associations with diverse groups of microorganisms including bacteria which have been shown to affect several aspects of their biology, physiology, ecology and evolution. In addition, recent studies have shown that insect symbionts, including those localized in the gastrointestinal tract, can be exploited for the enhancement of sterile insect technique (SIT) applications against major insect pests such as the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata. We previously showed that Enterobacter sp. AA26 can be used as probiotic supplement in medfly larval diet improving the productivity and accelerating the development of the VIENNA 8 genetic sexing strain (GSS), which is currently used in large scale operational SIT programs worldwide.

Results
Enterobacter sp. AA26 was an adequate nutritional source for C. capitata larvae, comprising an effective substitute for brewer’s yeast. Incorporating inactive bacterial cells in the larval diet conferred a number of substantial beneficial effects on medfly biology. The consumption of bacteria-based diet (either as full or partial yeast replacement) resulted in decreased immature stages mortality, accelerated immature development, increased pupal weight, and elongated the survival under stress conditions. Moreover, neither the partial nor the complete replacement of yeast with Enterobacter sp. AA26 had significant impact on adult sex ratio, females’ fecundity, adults’ flight ability and males’ mating competitiveness. The absence of both yeast and Enterobacter sp. AA26 (deprivation of protein source and possible other important nutrients) from the larval diet detrimentally affected the larval development, survival and elongated the immature developmental duration.

Conclusions
Enterobacter sp. AA26 dry biomass can fully replace the brewer’s yeast as a protein source in medfly larval diet without any effect on the productivity and the biological quality of reared medfly of VIENNA 8 GSS as assessed by the FAO/IAEA/USDA standard quality control tests. We discuss this finding in the context of mass-rearing and SIT applications.
Wolbachia infection in Argentinean populations of Anastrepha fraterculus sp1: preliminary evidence of sex ratio distortion by one of two strains
Authors: Conte Claudia Alejandra , Segura Diego Fernando , Milla Fabian Horacio , Augustinos Antonios , Cladera Jorge Luis , Bourtzis Kostas , Lanzavecchia Silvia Beatriz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWolbachia,one of the most abundant taxa of intracellular Alphaproteobacteria, is widespread among arthropods and filarial nematodes. The presence of these maternally inherited bacteria is associated with modifications of host fitness, including a variety of reproductive abnormalities, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility, thelytokous parthenogenesis, host feminization and male-killing.Wolbachiahas attracted much interest for its role in biological, ecological and evolutionary processes as well as for its potential use in novel and environmentally-friendly strategies for the control of insect pests and disease vectors including a major agricultural pest, the South American fruit fly,Anastrepha fraterculusWiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae).ResultsWe usedwsp,16S rRNAand a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme includinggatB,coxA,hcpA,fbpA, andftsZ genes to detect and characterize theWolbachiainfection in laboratory strains and wild populations ofA. fraterculusfrom Argentina. Wolbachiawas found in allA. fraterculusindividuals studied.Nucleotide sequences analysis ofwspgene allowed the identification of twoWolbachianucleotide variants (namedwAfraCast1_A andwAfraCast2_A). After the analysis of 76 individuals, a high prevalence of thewAfraCast2_A variant was found both, in laboratory (82%) and wild populations (95%). MLST analysis identified bothWolbachiagenetic variants as sequence type 13. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated MLST datasets clusteredwAfraCast1/2_A in the supergroup A. Paired-crossing experiments among single infected laboratory strains showed a phenotype specifically associated towAfraCast1_A that includes slight detrimental effects on larval survival, a female-biased sex ratio; suggesting the induction of male-killing phenomena, and a decreased proportion of females producing descendants that appears attributable to the lack of sperm in their spermathecae.ConclusionsWe detected and characterized at the molecular level twowspgene sequence variants ofWolbachiaboth in laboratory and wild populations ofA. fraterculus sp.1 from Argentina. Crossing experiments on singly-infectedA. fraterculusstrains showed evidence of a male killing-like mechanism potentially associated to thewAfraCast1_A -A. fraterculusinteractions. Further mating experiments including antibiotic treatments and the analysis of early and late immature stages of descendants will contribute to our understanding of the phenotypes elicited by theWolbachiavariantwAfraCast1_A inA. fraterculus sp.1.