bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Venous Stents at 1.5 T
Authors: Reiss Simon , Özen Ali Caglar , Lottner Thomas , Reichert Andreas , Massmann Alexander , Bock Michael 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The aims of this study were to assess radiofrequency (RF) shielding and susceptibility-induced imaging artifacts of venous stents with different designs at 1.5 T and to analyze the relationship between stent designs, that is, cell geometry and RF shielding.

Methods
Twelve dedicated venous stents and 1 stent used for venous pathologies with 8 different designs from 5 different manufacturers were tested: Blueflow (plus medica, Düsseldorf, Germany), Sinus Obliquus, Sinus Venous, Sinus XL (Optimed, Ettlingen, Germany), Vici (Veniti, St. Louis, MO), Zilver Vena (Cook, Bjaeverskov, Denmark), and Venovo (Bard, Tempe, AZ). Two versions with different lengths were available from all stents except the Venovo. For each stent, B
1 and frequency mapping was performed using the double angle method and gradient multiecho imaging. Each stent was measured in 3 different orientations: parallel, orthogonal, and at 45 degrees to B
0. A correlation analysis was performed between the induced B
1 field strength inside the stents and the geometries of the cells.

Results
Radiofrequency shielding was found to be strongly varying between different stent designs. The 120-mm-long Vici stent showed the lowest mean relative B
1 amplitude of (38% ± 16%) when oriented parallel to B
0. The highest mean B
1 amplitude was measured inside the 100-mm-long Blueflow stent with diagonal orientation (90% ± 20%). Averaged over all stents, the shielding was 18% stronger when the stents are oriented orthogonal to B
0 compared with a parallel orientation and the between-stent variation was lower for the orthogonal orientation (11%) compared with the parallel orientation (20%). For laser-cut stents, a linear correlation was found between the amount of RF shielding and the length of individual cells measured perpendicular to the stents’ long axes. The woven stents showed a strongly inhomogeneous intraluminal RF shielding pattern, whereas the laser-cut stents provided a more homogeneous shielding pattern. No substantial susceptibility-induced frequency shifts were measured near all stents with a maximum shift of ∆f = 96 Hz measured in the vicinity of the 150-mm-long Sinus Obliquus stent.

Conclusion
Magnetic resonance imaging in the vicinity of commercially available venous stents is feasible at 1.5 T with no substantial susceptibility-induced artifacts but reduced transmit and receive B
1 field strengths inside the stents. The strength and homogeneity of the intraluminal B
1 depend on the stents’ fabrication (woven or laser-cut) and cell geometry.
Mandibular Distraction in Robin Sequence With Multi-Level Airway Disease: Always Contraindicated?
Authors: Abu-Ghname Amjed , Davis Matthew J. , Davies Leslie W. , Masoumy Mohamad , Mehta Deepak K. , Heinle Jeffrey S. , Buchanan Edward P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In patients with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS), understanding the mechanism of airway obstruction and the potential for concurrent airway lesions is important for determining appropriate intervention. When concomitant airway anomalies are present with PRS, mandibular distraction osteogenesis alone is often contraindicated and unsuccessful at alleviating the obstruction, mandating the need for tracheostomy. Herein, the authors present the second-reported case of PRS with concomitant complete tracheal rings and highlight the importance collaborative surgical efforts to avoid tracheostomy. Our patient was born with signs and symptoms of PRS and concomitant complete tracheal rings. At birth, he developed respiratory compromise that was resistant to invasive and noninvasive intervention and was transferred to our care. The severity of his airway compromise necessitated operative intervention. Due to the patient's complex medical condition, avoiding the long-term sequelae of a tracheostomy and performing mandibular distraction was favorable. However, due to his multi-level airway disease, a 2-staged approach was planned: sliding tracheoplasty to release the tracheal rings, followed by mandibular distraction to correct the micrognathia. The patient tolerated both procedures and was successfully distracted and eventually weaned into room air. When managing patients with PRS in the setting of severe respiratory distress, securing the airway and carefully evaluating for concomitant airway anomalies is crucial. Even in the setting of multi-level airway disease where mandibular distraction is typically contraindicated, by directly addressing each anatomic level of airway obstruction, the airway can be safely secured and the resultant consequences of tracheostomy can be avoided. Careful planning with a multidisciplinary team is essential.
Effects of Water-Circulating Cooling Mask on Postoperative Outcomes in Orthognathic Surgery and Facial Trauma
Authors: Santos Thiago de Santana , Osborne Patrick Rocha , Jacob Eduardo Santana , Araújo Rafael Tajra Evangelista , Nogueira Carlos Bruno Pinheiro , Martins-Filho Paulo Ricardo Saquete 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of hilotherapy on postoperative pain, swelling, neurosensory impairment and patient satisfaction. The authors analyzed RCTs comparing the use of hilotherapy versus conventional cryotherapy or no cold treatment for orthognathic surgery and repair of facial trauma. The authors assessed the risk of bias and strength of evidence according to the Cochrane guidelines and GRADE rating system, respectively. Treatment effects were defined as weighted or standardized mean difference using the inverse variance method. Five RCTs were included. Postoperative pain and swelling in patients using hilotherapy were lower comparing to the control group in the postoperative day 2 (Pain: MD −1.75, CI 95% −2.69 to −0.81; Swelling: MD −21.16 mL, CI 95% −38.91 to −3.41) and in the final evaluation (Pain: MD −0.31, CI 95% −0.44 to −0.18; MD −4.45 mL, CI 95% −7.87 to −1.03). Patients reported higher satisfaction with hilotherapy, but no differences were found for neurosensory impairment. Current evidence suggests that hilotherapy is effective in reducing postoperative pain and swelling in orthognathic surgery and repair of facial fractures and may lead to improvements in patient satisfaction in the recovery phase.
Analysis of Orbital Morphology and its Relationship With Eyelid Morphology
Authors: Osaki Takeo , Murakami Hidetaka , Tamura Ryosuke , Nomura Tadashi , Hashikawa Kazunobu , Terashi Hiroto 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Correct anatomical reconstruction of the orbital wall for function and cosmesis is important; however, this is difficult because of the structure's complexity. The authors aimed to analyze and classify orbital morphology from computed tomography (CT) images and examine the relationship between orbital morphology and eyelid morphology in the Japanese population. CT images of 60 men (right side, 29; left side, 31) and 44 women (each side, 22) were included. The lengths of the orbital medial wall and floor in the coronal plane at the anterior, middle, and posterior planes of the orbit; angle between them; simotic index; and the thickness of upper eyelid were measured. Additionally, the presence or absence of double eyelids was evaluated. Non-paired Student's t test and Pearson correlation coefficient test were used for analysis. Orbital morphology was symmetrical on both sides, and men had a larger orbit than women. Orbital morphology was classified into 2 groups according to the posterior angle, and there was a difference between the groups in the simotic index. The difference between groups may represent a genetic difference between the Jomon and Yayoi people and not only provide a new classification for the orbit of the population but also be useful in orbital reconstruction.
Quantifying Free Fibula Flap Growth After Pediatric Mandibular Reconstruction
Authors: Volk Angela S. , Riad Sylvia S.H. , Kania Katarzyna E. , Davies Lesley , Wirthlin John O. , Pederson William C. , Buchanan Edward P. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
The free fibula flap (FFF) is a preferred option for adult mandibular reconstruction. Due to skeletal immaturity, its routine use in pediatric patients remains in question. Inconsistencies regarding the ability of the FFF to grow in concordance with the patients’ natural growth currently exist in the literature. The purpose of this report is to quantify mandibular growth in a young patient undergoing partial hemi-mandibular reconstruction with a FFF utilizing advanced three-dimensional software.

Methods:
A 2-year old underwent left hemi-mandibular reconstruction with a FFF following resection of a desmoid tumor. The condyle was preserved. Using 3D software, changes in mandibular growth and morphology were evaluated based on preoperative (2.1 years old) and postoperative (2.5 years and 5.2 years old) computed tomography imaging.

Results:
Mandibular growth occurred throughout the mandible in both postoperative evaluations. Greatest growth was seen in the ramus height. Fibula growth was also seen when comparing measurements to the virtual surgical planning guide. A novel parts comparison analysis revealed the greatest growth potential occurred at the condyle.

Conclusion:
Providing an objective evaluation using 3D software, we have demonstrated growth throughout the reconstructed mandible, with greatest growth occurring at the preserved condyle. Despite scientific limitations of our study, the potential for mandibular growth appears to remain after FFF reconstruction, offering successful functional and cosmetic outcomes.
Localization and Topography of the Arteries on the Middle Forehead Region for Eluding Complications Following Forehead Augmentation: Conventional Cadaveric Dissection and Ultrasonography Investigation
Authors: Phumyoo Thirawass , Jiirasutat Nuttapatch , Jitaree Benrita , Rungsawang Chalermquan , Pratoomthai Benjamart , Tansatit Tanvaa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Forehead augmentation with filler injection is one of the most dangerous procedures associated with iatrogenic intravascular injection resulting in the severe complications. Nonetheless, few studies have determined the explicit arterial localization and topography related to the facial soft tissues and landmarks. Therefore, this study aimed to determine an arterial distribution and topography on the middle forehead region correlated with facial landmarks to grant an appropriate guideline for enhancing the safety of injection. Nineteen Thai embalmed cadavers were discovered with conventional dissection and 14 Thai healthy volunteers were investigated with ultrasonographic examination on the middle forehead. This study found that at the level of mid-frontal depression point, the transverse distance from the medial canthal vertical line to the superficial and deep branches of supraorbital artery were 9.1 mm and 15.1 mm, respectively. Whereas the depths from the skin of these arteries were 4.1 mm and 4.3 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the frontal branch of superficial temporal artery was detectable in 42.1% as an artery entering the forehead area. At the level of lateral canthal vertical line, the vertical distance of frontal branch was 31.6 mm, and the depth from skin of the artery was 2.7 mm. In conclusion, a proper injection technique could be performed based on an intensive arterial distribution and topography, and ultrasonographic examination before the injection is also suggested in order to restrict the opportunity of severe complications.
Video Virtual Clinical Encounters Versus Office Visits for Postoperative Care After Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Lee Daniel D. , Arya Lily A. , Andy Uduak U. , Harvie Heidi S. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives
To determine if patient satisfaction of virtual clinical encounters is noninferior to traditional in-office clinical encounters for postoperative follow-up after reconstructive surgery for pelvic organ prolapse.

Methods
This was a randomized controlled noninferiority trial of women undergoing surgery for pelvic organ prolapse. Women were recruited and randomized during their preoperative counseling visit to virtual clinical encounters via video conference technology or in-office clinical encounters for their 30-day postoperative follow-up visits. The primary outcome was patient satisfaction measured by the validated Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18 (score range, 18–90, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction) administered by telephone following the 30-day visit. Additional information regarding demographics, postoperative health care utilization, and complications was collected via chart review and compared between groups.

Results
A total of 52 women were randomly assigned to virtual clinical encounters via videoconference technology or traditional in-office clinical encounters (26 per group). The mean patient satisfaction score was 80.7 ± 2.6 in the virtual group and 81.2 ± 2.8 in the office group (difference, −0.46 points; 95% confidence interval, −1.95 to 1.03), which was consistent with noninferiority. Postoperative complication rates were 31% in the virtual group and 46% in the office group (P = 0.3). There were no significant between-group differences in secondary measures of unscheduled telephone calls (88% versus 77%, P = 0.5) and office visits (35% versus 38%, P = 0.8), emergency room visits (15% versus 19%, P = 1.0), and hospital readmissions (4% versus 12%, P = 0.6) within 90 days of surgery.

Conclusions
For patients with pelvic organ prolapse undergoing reconstructive surgery, postoperative virtual clinical encounters via video conference technology are noninferior to traditional in-office clinical encounters with high levels of short-term patient satisfaction and no differences in postoperative health care utilization and complications rates.
Patients’ Perceptions on Surgical Care Suspension for Pelvic Floor Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mou Tsung , Brown Oluwateniola , Gillingham Akira , Geynisman-Tan Julia , Collins Sarah , Lewicky-Gaupp Christina , Mueller Margaret G. , Kenton Kimberly , Bretschneider C. Emi 
Published: June 2020

Objectives
The primary objective of the study was to evaluate patients’ attitudes toward the postponement of their scheduled procedures for pelvic floor disorders (PFD) because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary objectives were to identify patients who were upset with the postponement of their PFD procedures and to identify factors that are associated with being upset because of the delay in care.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional, survey-based study of women from a single urban, academic practice using a novel questionnaire. The study cohort included women whose PFD surgeries or office procedures were postponed between March 17 and April 30, 2020.

Results
Ninety-eight women had surgeries postponed; 68 (70%) responded to our questionnaire. Nearly half of the respondents (32/68, 47.1%) were upset about their procedures being postponed. Upset patients reported a greater impact of PFD symptoms on their mood than those who were not upset (P=0.002). Those who were upset were also more likely to report feelings of isolation (P=0.006), fear that their PFD would worsen because of delayed care (P < 0.001), and anxiety over surgery postponement (P < 0.001) than those who were not upset about the delays. When controlling for anxiety, social isolation, and impact of PFD symptom, anxiety (adjusted odds ratio = 15.7; 95% confidence interval = 3.7–66.6) and feeling of isolation (adjusted odds ratio = 9.7; 95% confidence interval = 1.5–63.7) remained associated with increased odds of being upset because of procedure delays.

Conclusions
Half of women whose pelvic reconstructive procedures were postponed because of the COVID-19 pandemic were upset because of the delay in care, especially those who are emotionally and socially vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Tele–Neuro-Ophthalmology: Vision for 20/20 and Beyond
Authors: Ko Melissa W. , Busis Neil A. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Telehealth provides health care to a patient from a provider at a distant location. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, adoption of telehealth modalities was increasing slowly but steadily. During the public health emergency, rapid widespread telehealth implementation has been encouraged to promote patient and provider safety and preserve access to health care.

Evidence Acquisition:
Evidence was acquired from English language Internet searches of the medical and business literature and following breaking news on the COVID-19 pandemic and responses from health care stakeholders, including policymakers, payers, physicians, health care organizations, and patients. We also had extensive discussions with colleagues who are developing telehealth techniques relevant to neuro-ophthalmology.

Results:
Regulatory, legal, reimbursement, and cultural barriers impeded the widespread adoption of telehealth before the COVID-19 pandemic. With the increased use of telehealth in response to the public health emergency, we are rapidly accumulating experience and an evidence base identifying opportunities and challenges related to the widespread adoption of tele–neuro-ophthalmology. One of the major challenges is the current inability to adequately perform funduscopy remotely.

Conclusions:
Telehealth is an increasingly recognized means of health care delivery. Tele–Neuro-Ophthalmology adoption is necessary for the sake of our patients, the survival of our subspecialty, and the education of our trainees and students. Telehealth does not supplant but supplements and complements in-person neuro-ophthalmologic care. Innovations in digital optical fundus photography, mobile vision testing applications, artificial intelligence, and principles of channel management will facilitate further adoption of tele–neuro-ophthalmology and bring the specialty to the leading edge of health care delivery.
Limited-Montage EEG as a Tool for the Detection of Nonconvulsive Seizures
Authors: Swingle Nicholas , Vuppala Aditya , Datta Proleta , Pedavally Swetha , Swaminathan Arun , Kedar Sachin , Samson Kaeli K. , Wichman Christopher S. , Myers Jacob , Taraschenko Olga 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
Prefabricated arrays with a limited number of electrodes offer an opportunity to hasten the diagnosis of seizures; however, their accuracy to detect seizures is unknown. We examined the utility of two limited-montage EEG setups for the detection of nonconvulsive seizures.

Methods:
Thirty previously interpreted EEG segments with nonconvulsive seizures from 30 patients and 60 segments with background slowing or normal EEG from 60 patients were rendered in a bipolar “double banana” montage, a double distance “neonatal” montage, and a circumferential “hatband” montage. Experts reviewed 60 to 180 seconds long segments to determine whether seizures were present and if the EEG data provided were sufficient to make a decision on escalation of clinical care by ordering an additional EEG or prescribing anticonvulsants. The periodic patterns on the ictal-interictal continuum were specifically excluded for this analysis to keep the focus on definite electrographic seizures.

Results:
The sensitivities for seizure of the neonatal and hatband montages were 0.96 and 0.84, respectively, when compared with full montage EEG, whereas the specificities were 0.94 and 0.98, respectively. Appropriate escalation of care was suggested for 96% and 92% of occurrences of seizure patterns in neonatal and hatband montages, respectively. When compared with clinical EEG, the sensitivities of the neonatal and hatband montages for seizure diagnosis were 0.85 and 0.69, respectively.

Conclusions:
Nonconvulsive seizures were detected with high accuracy using the limited electrode array configuration in the neonatal and hatband montages. The sensitivity of the neonatal montage EEG in detecting seizures was superior to that of a hatband montage. These findings suggest that in some patients with nonconvulsive seizures, limited-montage EEG may allow to differentiate ictal and slow patterns.
Hyponatraemia and mortality in psychiatric patients: protocol for Bayesian causal inference study
Authors: Kaas-Hansen Benjamin Skov , Graudal Niels , Andersen Stig Ejdrup , Thygesen Lau Caspar , Brunak Søren , Jürgens Gesche 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionHyponatriaemia has been associated with mortality in somatic patients, but little is known about the nature of such an association in psychiatric patients. This manuscript details a study to investigate if hyponatraemia be a direct contributor to death in schizophrenic and bipolar patients. It will further gauge the potential role of somatic comorbidity and psychotropic polypharmacy, with emphasis on antipsychotics and antidepressants.MethodsDensity sampled case-control study of schizophrenic and bipolar patients from the Capital Region and Region Zealand in Denmark using prospective data from Danish registries and electronic medical records. Cases deceased between 1 January 2011 and 1 July 2016; controls were found by risk-set sampling, matched by date of birth +/- 180 days. We will use a fully Bayesian, non-linear, conditional logistic regression model to estimate the causal effect of serum sodium level on death, with covariates selected by a causal diagram. Continuous covariates will be modelled with restricted (natural) cubic splines to elicit non-linear relationships. A sample of 10 cases and 50 controls was drawn to ascertain that the proposed study be sound and realistic.ConclusionThis study will expand the body of evidence on the effect of hyponatriaemia on mortality in schizophrenic and bipolar patients and may guide clinical decision-making in terms of both monitoring intensity and rational use of psychotropics.
The genomic impact of mycoheterotrophy: targeted gene losses but extensive expression reprogramming
Authors: Marcin Jakalski , Julita Minasiewicz , José Caius , May Michał , Marc-André Selosse , Etienne Delannoy 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTMycoheterotrophic plants have lost the ability to photosynthesize and they parasitize their associated fungus to get the mineral and organic nutrients they need. Despite involving radical changes in life history traits and ecological requirements, the transition from autotrophy to mycoheterotrophy occurred independently in almost all major lineages of land plants, but most often inOrchidaceae. Yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this shift are still poorly understood. The comparison of the transcriptomes ofEpipogium aphyllumandNeottia nidus-avis, two mycoheterotrophic orchids, to other autotrophic and mycoheterotrophic orchids showed massive molecular function losses restricted to photosynthetic activities. In addition to these targeted losses, the analysis of their expression profiles showed that many orthologs had inverted root/shoot ratios compared to autotrophic species. Fatty acid and amino acid biosynthesis as well as primary cell wall metabolism were among the pathways most impacted by this expression reprogramming. Our study suggests that, while associated with function losses rather than metabolic innovations, the shift in nutritional mode from autotrophy to mycoheterotrophy remodeled the architecture of the plant metabolism.