bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiological evaluation of constructed wetlands and solar disinfection in wastewater treatment and reuse
Authors: Santos Vinícius B. , Machado Beatriz S. , Atalla Alexandre , Cavalheri Priscila S. , Magalhães Filho Fernando J. C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the removal of fecal indicator bacteria and select bacterial pathogens (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in vertical flow constructed wetlands (VF-CWs) with earthworms and solar disinfection (SODIS) as post-treatment of effluent from a septic tank. There was no significant difference between them in removing bacteria using a VF-CW with earthworms (VF-CW W/E) and without earthworms (VF-CW N/E). Both VF-CWs did not completely remove pathogens; however, with the SODIS technology receiving the effluent from VF-CW W/E, for E. coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp. and P. aeruginosa, the values were reduced below the limit of detection and 4.3 log unit average reduction for total coliforms, with 6 h in SODIS.
Optimum contributions of hydropower reservoirs to the minimum flow of Vu Gia – Thu Bon river basin
Authors: Thang To Viet , Thu Nga Nguyen T. , Le Long Ngo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Upstream hydropower development has a great impact on downstream flows. According to the Regulation of Multi-reservoir Operation in Vu Gia – Thu Bon River Basin (Regulation 15371), four large-scale upstream reservoirs must discharge certain flow during the dry season to increase water levels at downstream hydrological stations named Ai Nghia and Giao Thuy. These stations are used as the control points for the downstream water supply. An optimizing-simulation based model was developed that both maximizes total electricity production and ensures minimum flow downstream as required. A thousand combinations of the reservoir inflows were generated by Monte Carlo simulation, considering the correlation between tributaries. Then, the Scatter search algorithm available in the Optquest module of Crystal Ball was used to find the optimal release from the reservoirs. The results show that the current Regulation 1537 can be improved for more efficient water resources management.
Medium- and long-term runoff forecasting based on a random forest regression model
Authors: Shijun Chen , Qin Wei , Yanmei Zhu , Guangwen Ma , Xiaoyan Han , Liang Wang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Medium- and long-term runoff forecasting is closely related to the generation capacity forecasting of cascade hydropower stations, which is of great significance to power plants when arranging production plans and assisting market decisions. In order to improve the accuracy of runoff forecasting, an attempt was made to use random forest regression (RFR) to model the medium- and long-term runoff forecasting and to further make a verification based on the actual monthly runoff data of Mupo and Chuntangba stations. By comparison with the forecast results attained through a support vector machine (SVM) and an integrated autoregressive moving average model (IARMA), the results showed that the RFR model had the lowest mean square error (MSE) among the three methods. In addition, the coefficients of determination R2 of the RFR for the two stations increased by 0.0261 and 0.0295 compared with the SVM model, and the R2 rose by 0.1134 and 0.1332 compared with the IARMA model. The comparison of the three methods showed that the RFR had higher forecasting accuracy as well as stronger reliability and practicability than the IARMA model and the SVM model, so the RFR provided a new idea and method for the study of runoff forecasting.
Feasibility of water desalination for irrigation: the case of the coastal irrigated area of Dyiar-Al-Hujjej, Tunisia
Authors: Daghari Issam , El Zarroug Mohamed Ramadhane , Muanda Charles , Kompany Jean Robert , Kanzari Sabri , Mimoun Anouar Ben 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIrrigation in Tunisia is threatened all over the country. The irrigated coastal area of Dyiar-Al-Hujjej has observed a drop in agricultural activity following a seawater intrusion. Thus, yields have become disrupted in direct relation to the quantities of fresh water supplied and transferred over a distance of 100 km. For the sustainability of this area, the feasibility of using desalinated water to stabilize the irrigation water supply was analyzed. When all crop water requirements are to be met with desalinated water, the net income is negative for crops currently grown, except strawberry. All the open-field crops remain unprofitable even in the case of agro-industrial development, except tomatoes. A blending between desalinated seawater and aquifer saltwater also leads to a negative income for the main crops. The introduction of greenhouses to replace the same open-season crops is beneficial when desalinated water is used. The use of desalinated water in irrigation faces the high cost of desalination (0.5 US $/m3) while the average price of irrigation water in Tunisia is 0.05 US $/m3. Desalination can be recommended only in the case of crops with low need for water and high added value.
Optimization of preparation of montmorillonite nanometer zero-valent iron and the degradation of amoxicillin by response surface methodology
Authors: Sun Guangyin , Zhang Jiankun , Meng Wei , Wang Liping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Three-factor and three-level tests were carried out by Box–Behnken response surface methodology, with amoxicillin as the target pollutant, nanometer zero-valent iron (nZVI) materials loaded with montmorillonite prepared by liquid phase reduction method and the concentration of FeSO4 and NaBH4 and montmorillonite dosage as influencing factors. It revealed that the interaction between FeSO4 concentration and NaBH4 concentration had a significant effect on the preparation of montmorillonite-loaded nanometer zero-valent iron material, playing a key role in the removal of amoxicillin, and the effect of FeSO4 concentration was even more significant. In addition, the shape, structure and characteristic groups of the prepared materials were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), etc. The nanometer zero-valent iron loaded with montmorillonite can effectively slow down the nZVI agglomeration effect and improve the effect of material degradation of pollutants. For the same concentration of amoxicillin wastewater, the removal rate of amoxicillin wastewater, after 1 h reaction, is as follows: Mont/nZVI &gt; nZVI &gt; Mont. The optimal conditions for the reaction are: pH is 3, the initial concentration is 60 mg/L, and the dosage is 2 g/L. The higher the temperature, the more amoxicillin is degraded by Mont/nZVI.
Determination on inhibition effects of coagulants used in wastewater treatment plants on anaerobic digester
Authors: Demirkol Güler Türkoğlu , Balcıoğlu Gökhan , Öz Nurtaç , Elnekave Moiz , Armağan Bülent , Tüfekci Neşe 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Domestic wastewaters causing pollution contain inorganic and/or organic materials. When the domestic wastewater outflows to the receiving waters, it causes physical, chemical, and biological pollution in them, and deteriorates the ecological balance of those waters. In the treatment of wastewater, various treatment methods are available depending on the pollution strength of the wastewater. Besides mechanical and biological methods, wastewater treatment with physicochemical methods is still one of the most effective and economical options. Particularly in wastewater with a high concentration of suspended solids, this method is very successful, and obtaining high suspended solids removal efficiencies is very possible. In this study, the effects of the use of coagulant and coagulant aid to be used in a treatment plant where domestic wastewater treatment is carried out are determined to increase the treatment efficiency of a biological treatment that comes later in the stages of the treatment. The effluent of the pre-settling tank may contain a lot of suspended solids. This presence of excess suspended solids decreases the efficiency at other levels of treatment and causes energy loss. In the experiments, the standard jar and inhibition tests are done as a method. As a result of the conducted studies, it is determined that the FeCl3, Synthetic coagulant LP 526, FeClSO4, and the combination of anionic polyelectrolyte yield the best results in the removal of the parameters of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and volatile suspended solids (VSS). While FeCl3, APE 65, APE 85, Synthetic coagulant LP 526, and FeClSO4 did not show any inhibition effect in the sludge, APE 67, CPE 84, and (Al2(SO4)3 are found to cause inhibition in the sludge.
Bibliometric approach to the perspectives and challenges of membrane separation processes to remove emerging contaminants from water
Authors: Stefanello Cadore Jéssica , Fabro Lucas Fernando , Garcia Maraschin Thuany , de Souza Basso Nara Regina , Rodrigues Pires Marçal José , Barbosa Brião Vandré 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The presence of contaminants in water is concerning due to the potential impacts on human health and the environment, and ingested contaminants cause harm in various ways. The conventional water treatment systems are not efficient to remove these contaminants. Therefore, novel techniques and materials for the removal of contaminants are increasingly being developed. The separation process using modified membranes can remove these micropollutants; therefore, they have attracted significant research attention. Among the materials used for manufacturing of these membranes, composites based on graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide are preferred owing to their promising properties, such as mechanical resistance, thermal and chemical stability, antifouling capacity, water permeability, high thermal and electrical conductivity, high optical transmittance and high surface area. Membrane separation processes (MSP) can be used as secondary or tertiary treatment during the supply of wastewater. However, the efficient and accessible applications of these technologies are challenging. This study aims to demonstrate the main concepts of membrane separation processes and their application in the removal of emerging contaminants. This study reports bibliometric mapping, relevant data on studies using membranes as water treatment processes, and their viability in industrial applications. The main challenges and perspectives of these technologies are discussed in detail as well.
Adsorption behavior of Fe (III) in aqueous solution on melamine
Authors: Peng Hao , Guo Jing , Wang Bingqing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper focused on the adsorption behavior of Fe (III) in aqueous solution on melamine. The effects of experimental conditions including dosage of melamine, reaction time and reaction temperature were investigated. The results showed that nearly 99% Fe (III) was adsorbed under the optimal conditions: melamine dosage (mole ratio) at n(C3H6N6)/n(Fe) = 3.5:1, reaction time of 60 min and reaction temperature of 90 °C. The optimal processing factors were obtained from response surface methodology and the effects of processing parameters on the removal efficiency of Fe (III) followed the order: mole ratio (n(C3N6H6):n(Fe)) &gt; reaction temperature &gt; reaction time. The adsorption kinetics behavior was fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption process was unspontaneous and endothermic. The value of free energy change and standard enthalpy change disclosed that the mechanism of adsorption onto melamine was physisorption. The results will be useful for further applications of system design in the treatment of practical waste effluents.
Correlation between the uncoupling metabolism induced by 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and sludge toxicity in sequence batch reactors
Authors: Chen Xiurong , Lu Quanling , Wang Shanshan , Sun Xiaoli , Li Qiuyue , Wei Xiao , Yang Yingying , Wang Yuan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The correlation between sludge reduction induced by 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) as an uncoupler and sludge toxicity was investigated in sequence batch reactors over a 100-d operation period. The influent concentrations of 2,4,6-TCP tested were 10 mg/L, 30 mg/L, and 50 mg/L. Sludge reduction, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate, and sludge toxicity were measured. The results showed that from 30 to 80 d, when the COD removal rate was at an acceptable level, the sludge reduction levels for the 10 mg/L, 30 mg/L, and 50 mg/L groups were 9.7%, 31.6%, and 41.5%, respectively, and the average sludge toxicity values were 24.2%, 38.0%, and 53.0%, respectively. Sludge reduction was positively correlated with sludge toxicity. The two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/results showed that extracellular and intracellular proteins secreted by the activated sludge during uncoupling metabolism were positively correlated with sludge toxicity. Taking the COD removal rate, sludge reduction, and sludge toxicity into consideration, the optimal influent concentration of the uncoupler 2,4,6-TCP was 30 mg/L when the initial mixed liquid suspended solids of sludge was 2,500 mg/L.
Dissolved organic matter and bacterial population changes during the treatment of solid potato waste in a microbial fuel cell
Authors: Du Haixia , Wu Yanxia , Wu Huifang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of mixed feeding of anaerobically cultured waste activated sludge (WAS) on the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in the treatment of solid potato waste. The maximum current densities of the four MFCs was estimated as 36, 5, 10 and 150 mA/m2, with the columbic efficiencies of 6.1, 0.3, 0.9 and 31.1%, respectively. Composition changes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) coupled with its interrelation with electricity generation and total and viable bacterial population at the end of the operation were investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that mixing WAS into solid potato enhanced the presence of the tyrosine-like aromatic amino acids and aromatic protein-like substances from the beginning of the operation and promoted hydrolysis and humification of the solid potato. In the final solution of the anodic chamber, more viable bacteria were detected for the reactors treating solid potato alone and the mixed feedstock with the smaller amount of sludge, where distinct electricity generation was observed.
Synthesis of Kit-6 Magnetite Silica Nanocomposite Functionalized by Amine Group for Removal of Carmoisine Dye from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Danesh Seyedeh Mahsa Seyed , Shariati Shahab , Faghihian Hossein 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
In this study, amine functionalized magnetite Kit-6 silica nanocomposite (Fe3O4@SiO2@Kit-6-NH2) was synthesized as an adsorbent for removing Carmoisine food dye from aqueous solutions.

Method:
The nanocomposite was chemically synthesized and was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), vi-brating sample magnetometer (VSM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). Taguchi orthogonal array experimental design method was used to op-timize the experimental conditions including adsorbent amount, pH of solution, amount of salt, the volume of sample and contact time. Pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, intra-particle diffusion and Elovich kinetic models were investigated to study the kinetic parameters of sorption process.

Results:
The kinetic data corresponded to the pseudo second-order kinetic model with R2 = 0.9999. Also, adsorption data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The results indicated that the data were well fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.9984, n=1.0786). The reusability tests showed the proposed nanocomposite can be used more than 8 cycles with removal efficiency higher than 90%.

Conclusion:
The applicability study of proposed nanocomposite proved its ability for efficient removal of Carmoisine dye from real aqueous samples.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence Recommendation System by Leveraging the Semantics of Adverse Childhood Experiences: Proof-of-Concept Prototype Development
Authors: Ammar Nariman , Shaban-Nejad Arash 
Published: October 2020

Background
The study of adverse childhood experiences and their consequences has emerged over the past 20 years. Although the conclusions from these studies are available, the same is not true of the data. Accordingly, it is a complex problem to build a training set and develop machine-learning models from these studies. Classic machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques cannot provide a full scientific understanding of the inner workings of the underlying models. This raises credibility issues due to the lack of transparency and generalizability. Explainable artificial intelligence is an emerging approach for promoting credibility, accountability, and trust in mission-critical areas such as medicine by combining machine-learning approaches with explanatory techniques that explicitly show what the decision criteria are and why (or how) they have been established. Hence, thinking about how machine learning could benefit from knowledge graphs that combine “common sense” knowledge as well as semantic reasoning and causality models is a potential solution to this problem.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to leverage explainable artificial intelligence, and propose a proof-of-concept prototype for a knowledge-driven evidence-based recommendation system to improve mental health surveillance.

Methods
We used concepts from an ontology that we have developed to build and train a question-answering agent using the Google DialogFlow engine. In addition to the question-answering agent, the initial prototype includes knowledge graph generation and recommendation components that leverage third-party graph technology.

Results
To showcase the framework functionalities, we here present a prototype design and demonstrate the main features through four use case scenarios motivated by an initiative currently implemented at a children’s hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. Ongoing development of the prototype requires implementing an optimization algorithm of the recommendations, incorporating a privacy layer through a personal health library, and conducting a clinical trial to assess both usability and usefulness of the implementation.

Conclusions
This semantic-driven explainable artificial intelligence prototype can enhance health care practitioners’ ability to provide explanations for the decisions they make.
Implementation of Electronic Informed Consent in Biomedical Research and Stakeholders’ Perspectives: Systematic Review
Authors: De Sutter Evelien , Zaçe Drieda , Boccia Stefania , Di Pietro Maria Luisa , Geerts David , Borry Pascal , Huys Isabelle 
Published: October 2020

Background
Informed consent is one of the key elements in biomedical research. The introduction of electronic informed consent can be a way to overcome many challenges related to paper-based informed consent; however, its novel opportunities remain largely unfulfilled due to several barriers.

Objective
We aimed to provide an overview of the ethical, legal, regulatory, and user interface perspectives of multiple stakeholder groups in order to assist responsible implementation of electronic informed consent in biomedical research.

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature search using Web of Science (Core collection), PubMed, EMBASE, ACM Digital Library, and PsycARTICLES. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were used for reporting this work. We included empirical full-text studies focusing on the concept of electronic informed consent in biomedical research covering the ethical, legal, regulatory, and user interface domains. Studies written in English and published from January 2010 onward were selected. We explored perspectives of different stakeholder groups, in particular researchers, research participants, health authorities, and ethics committees. We critically appraised literature included in the systematic review using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort and cross-sectional studies, Critical Appraisal Skills Programme for qualitative studies, Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for mixed methods studies, and Jadad tool for randomized controlled trials.

Results
A total of 40 studies met our inclusion criteria. Overall, the studies were heterogeneous in the type of study design, population, intervention, research context, and the tools used. Most of the studies’ populations were research participants (ie, patients and healthy volunteers). The majority of studies addressed barriers to achieving adequate understanding when using electronic informed consent. Concerns shared by multiple stakeholder groups were related to the security and legal validity of an electronic informed consent platform and usability for specific groups of research participants.

Conclusions
Electronic informed consent has the potential to improve the informed consent process in biomedical research compared to the current paper-based consent. The ethical, legal, regulatory, and user interface perspectives outlined in this review might serve to enhance the future implementation of electronic informed consent.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020158979; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=158979
Spectral Characteristics of Plastic Debris in the Beach: Case Study of Makassar Coastal Area
Authors: Faizal Ahmad , Werorilangi Shinta , Samad Wasir 
Published: October 2020

Plastic debris becomes a global problem that threatens the coastal ecosystems, and the supralittoral area (beach) turns to be a place for plastic debris to accumulate. Data from the United Nations (UN) states that Indonesia is the second plastic debris contributor in world waters. This study aimed to examine the spectral characteristics of plastic debris accumulated on the beach. The data was collected from the coast of Makassar at 3 different stations: Jenneberang River estuary, Losari Beach and Tallo River estuary. The spectral sample was measured using a 4000 A spectroradiometer that works on a wavelength spectrum of 340 - 1040 nm. The results showed that the optimum value for plastic debris identification in the coastal area at low tide (dry sand) is 450-670 nm and at high tide (wet sand) is 450-950 nm. This value will be a reference in the remote sensing method, especially multispectral classification in mapping plastic debris found in coastal areas, and will be one solution to effectively mapping plastic debris.
Impact of Land-Use Change on Soil Carbon Dynamics in Tropical Peatland, West Kalimantan- Indonesia
Authors: Nusantara Rossie Wiedya , Sudarmadji Sudarmadji , Djohan Tjut S. , Haryono Eko 
Published: October 2020

The conversion of tropical peat forest to other land uses can reduce organic carbon (C) and stable C isotope (δ13C) of peat soil. This research aimed at analyzing the soil organic-C and δ13C of peatland with respect to maturity (fibric, hemic and sapric) in five types of peatland use, which included primary peat forest, secondary peat forest, shrubs, oil palm plantations, and cornfield in West Kalimantan. Analysis of peat soil samples includes organic C with Loss in ignition method and δ13C using an isotope ratio mass spectrometry(IRMS) method. Organic-C at fibric was higher than hemic and sapric, respectively (57.2%, 57.0%, 56.4%), meanwhile, organic-C was the highest on primary peat forest, followed by on secondary peat forest, oil palm plantation, cornfield, and shrubs, respectively 57.1%, 57.0%, 56.4%, 56.0%. The cause of increasing and decreasing organic C and δ13C due to land-use change due to changes in vegetation, burning during tillage, and age of organic matter of peat soil. This condition causes the opening of natural peat ecosystems and changes in anaerobic to aerobic conditions.