bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeling time in nature: The influence of directed and undirected attention on time awareness
Authors: Ehret Sonja , Roth Sibylle , Zimmermann Salome U. , Selter Andy , Thomaschke Roland 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn the present study, we examined the impact of the interaction of environmental and task‐induced attentional focus on time perception, specifically awareness of the time flow. We tested 48 participants in either a natural or urban setting over three 25‐ to 35‐min sessions. We manipulated the within‐subjects factor task by means of two tasks—one requiring directed attention on the task itself, the other undirected attention on the environment—alongside a control condition with no specific task. We measured time awareness, passage of time judgments, felt time judgments, and estimated time as dependent variables. For time awareness, we found an interaction between environment and task: in the natural environment, only a task requiring directed attention reduced time awareness; whereas, in the urban environment, both tasks reduced time awareness compared to the control condition. The results suggest that natural environments increase time awareness unless we focus our attention on a task.
Triple Selection Strategy for In Situ Labeling of Circulating Tumor Cells with High Purity and Viability toward Preclinical Personalized Drug Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Mu Hsuan‐Yo , Ou Yen‐Chuan , Chuang Han‐Ni , Lu Tsai‐Jung , Jhan Pei‐Pei , Hsiao Tzu‐Hung , Huang Jen‐Huang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEx vivo culture of viable circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from individual patients has recently become an emerging liquid biopsy technology to investigate drug sensitivity and genomic analysis in cancer. However, it remains challenging to retrieve the CTCs with high viability and purity from cancer patients’ blood using a rapid process. Here, a triple selection strategy that combines immunonegative enrichment, density gradient, and microfluidic‐based size‐exclusion methods is developed for in situ drug sensitivity testing. The CTC isolation chip consists of 4 independent microchannels that can evenly distribute the captured CTCs, allowing for independent in situ analysis event. The cancer cells are retrieved within 5 min with high viability (>95%), captured efficiency (78%), and high purity (99%) from 7.5 mL of blood cell mixed samples. Furthermore, the CTCs can be isolated from prostate cancer patients’ blood samples and verified in situ using cancer‐specific markers within 1.5 h, demonstrating the possibility to be applied to clinical practice. In situ drug sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the captured CTCs without and with cisplatin treatment for 1 day have survival rates of 87.5% and 0%, respectively. It is envisioned that this strategy may become a potential tool to identify suitable therapies prior to the treatment.
Improvement in the Current Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using a Systems Medicine Approach
Authors: Ozcan Mehmet , Altay Ozlem , Lam Simon , Turkez Hasan , Aksoy Yasemin , Nielsen Jens , Uhlen Mathias , Boren Jan , Mardinoglu Adil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer‐related death primarily due to the lack of effective targeted therapies. Despite the distinct morphological and phenotypic patterns of HCC, treatment strategies are restricted to relatively homogeneous therapies, including multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, more effective therapy options are needed to target dysregulated metabolic and molecular pathways in HCC. Integrative genomic profiling of HCC patients provides insight into the most frequently mutated genes and molecular targets, including telomerase reverse transcriptase, the TP53 gene, and the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway oncogene (CTNNB1). Moreover, emerging techniques, such as genome‐scale metabolic models may elucidate the underlying cancer‐specific metabolism, which allows for the discovery of potential drug targets and identification of biomarkers. De novo lipogenesis has been revealed as consistently upregulated since it is required for cell proliferation in all HCC patients. The metabolic network‐driven stratification of HCC patients in terms of redox responses, utilization of metabolites, and subtype‐specific pathways may have clinical implications to drive the development of personalized medicine. In this review, the current and emerging therapeutic targets in light of molecular approaches and metabolic network‐based strategies are summarized, prompting effective treatment of HCC patients.
Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Few‐Layer Graphdiyne Using a Microwave‐Induced Temperature Gradient at a Solid/Liquid Interface
Authors: Yin Chen , Li Jiaqiang , Li Tianran , Yu Yue , Kong Ya , Gao Peng , Peng Hailin , Tong Lianming , Zhang Jin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGraphdiyne (GDY), a 2D carbon allotrope, is predicted to possess high carrier mobility and an intrinsic bandgap. However, the controlled synthesis of mono‐ or few‐layer GDY with good crystallinity remains challenging because of the instability of the monomers. Herein, a rapid and catalyst‐free synthetic method is presented for few‐layer GDY involving the use of a solid/liquid interface and a microwave‐induced temperature gradient. Sodium chloride, which can absorb microwave energy, is used as the solid substrate in a nonabsorbing solvent. A temperature gradient is formed at the solid/liquid interface under microwave irradiation, facilitating the cross‐coupling reaction of monomers at the solid surface and stabilizing the monomers in the bulk solution. Few‐layer GDY with an average thickness of less than 2 nm, a field‐effect mobility of 50.1 cm2 V−1 s−1, and p‐type characteristics is successfully obtained. This wet chemical approach may be extended to the synthesis of other few‐layered 2D materials with improved quality.
Microbe‐Mediated Extracellular and Intracellular Mineralization: Environmental, Industrial, and Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Qin Wen , Wang Chen‐yu , Ma Yu‐xuan , Shen Min‐juan , Li Jing , Jiao Kai , Tay Franklin R. , Niu Li‐na 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicrobe‐mediated mineralization is ubiquitous in nature, involving bacteria, fungi, viruses, and algae. These mineralization processes comprise calcification, silicification, and iron mineralization. The mechanisms for mineral formation include extracellular and intracellular biomineralization. The mineral precipitating capability of microbes is often harnessed for green synthesis of metal nanoparticles, which are relatively less toxic compared with those synthesized through physical or chemical methods. Microbe‐mediated mineralization has important applications ranging from pollutant removal and nonreactive carriers, to other industrial and biomedical applications. Herein, the different types of microbe‐mediated biomineralization that occur in nature, their mechanisms, as well as their applications are elucidated to create a backdrop for future research.
Biaryl Cross‐Coupling Enabled by Photo‐Induced Electron Transfer
Authors: Hayashi Hirohito , Wang Bin , Wu Xiangyang , Teo Shi Jie , Kaga Atsushi , Watanabe Kohei , Takita Ryo , Yeow Edwin K. L. , Chiba Shunsuke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report a protocol for aryl cross‐coupling of electron‐deficient aryl halides with electron‐rich (hetero)arenes that is driven solely by violet light. This process takes advantage of formation of photo‐excited state of electron‐deficient aryl halides, that are reduced by electron‐rich (hetero)arenes to form a pair of aryl anion and cation radicals. The resulting aryl anion radicals of aryl halides undergo mesolysis of the carbon‐halogen bond to generate aryl radicals, that are coupled most likely with aryl cation radicals to afford functionalized biaryls.magnified image
Photocatalyzed Amidoarylation of 1,3‐Butadiene
Authors: Gosset Cyrille , Moncomble Aurélien , Dumont Clément , Pellegrini Sylvain , Bousquet Till , Sauthier Mathieu , Pélinski Lydie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract1,3‐Butadiene is involved in a photocatalyzed amidoarylation reaction that allows the synthesis of N‐allyl amides. The reaction was evaluated on a wide range of aryl diazonium salts and nitriles as co‐reactants. Selectivity issues were studied from the help of a computational approach.magnified image
Fe(III)‐Catalyzed, Cyclizative Coupling between 2‐Alkynylbenzoates and Carbinols: Rapid Generation of Polycyclic Isocoumarins and Phthalides and Mechanistic Study
Authors: Gandhi Soniya , Baire Beeraiah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFeCl3 catalyzed, highly regioselective cyclizative coupling of internal alkynes with alcohols has been reported for the rapid synthesis of structurally divergent, complex isocoumarins and phthalides respectively in intermolecular and intramolecular fashion. This strategy exhibited very high substrate scope and efficiency and proceeds through the simultaneous formation of C−O and C−C bonds. Observations from a series of control experiments supported a) the mechanism as Lewis acid catalyzed dual activation of ester and alcohol, b) the role of carbocation for the enhanced rates of cyclization, i. e., activation of alkyne by carbocation, and c) no role of HCl in the reported cascade process.magnified image
Number of samples for accurate visual estimation of mean herbage mass in Campos grasslands
Authors: Do Carmo Martin , Cardozo Gerónimo , Mecatti Fulvia , Soca Pablo , Hirata Masahiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe number of samples is a major issue when estimating the mean herbage mass of grazed paddocks. The aim of this study was to assess the number of samples required for accurate visual estimation of mean herbage mass in relation to the herbage mass heterogeneity and size of paddocks. Data were collected across scales of space and time (273 sampling events) from paddocks on Campos grasslands in Uruguay, using the visual estimation technique. The mean herbage mass of the paddocks ranged from 270 to 6350 kg of dry matter (DM) per hectare with coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.13 to 1.26. Twenty‐four events representing four levels of herbage mass heterogeneity (CV = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0) × three levels of paddock size (small, 5–13 ha; medium, 41–67 ha; large, 100–140 ha) were chosen (two replicates per group), and analyzed for the probability that the estimation error exceeded 10% of the mean (10% error probability) using the bootstrap technique. The number of samples required for controlling the 10% error probability below 0.1 increased gradually from 50 to 150 per paddock as the CV increased from 0.3 to 0.7, then sharply to 350 until the CV increased to 1.0, with no effect of paddock size. Taking account of the distribution of CV (< 0.7 in nearly 80% of the events), we propose a general recommendation to take a minimum of 150 samples per paddock for accurate estimation of mean herbage mass in Campos grasslands irrespective of the size of paddocks.
Evaluation of vitamin D3 metabolites in Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset)
Authors: Goodroe Anna E. , Fitz Casey , Power Michael L. , Colman Ricki J. , Capuano Saverio , Ziegler Toni E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is endogenously produced in the skin of primates when exposed to the appropriate wavelengths of ultraviolet light (UV‐B). Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) maintained indoors require dietary provision of vitamin D3 due to lack of sunlight exposure. The minimum dietary vitamin D3 requirement and the maximum amount of vitamin D3 that can be metabolized by marmosets is unknown. Observations of metabolic bone disease and gastrointestinal malabsorption have led to wide variation in dietary vitamin D3 provision amongst research institutions, with resulting variation in circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), the accepted marker for vitamin D sufficiency/deficiency. Multiple studies have reported serum 25(OH)D3 in captive marmosets, but 25(OH)D3 is not the final product of vitamin D3 metabolism. In addition to serum 25(OH)D3, we measured the most physiologically active metabolite, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), and the less well understood metabolite, 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3) to characterize the marmoset's ability to metabolize dietary vitamin D3. We present vitamin D3 metabolite and related serum chemistry value colony reference ranges in marmosets provided diets with 26,367 (Colony A, N = 113) or 8,888 (Colony B, N = 52) international units (IU) of dietary vitamin D3 per kilogram of dry matter. Colony A marmosets had higher serum 25(OH)D3 (426 ng/ml [SD 200] vs. 215 ng/ml [SD 113]) and 24,25(OH)2D3 (53 ng/ml [SD 35] vs. 7 ng/ml [SD 5]). There was no difference in serum 1,25(OH)2D3 between the colonies. Serum 1,25(OH)2D3 increased and 25(OH)D3 decreased with age, but the effect was weak. Marmosets tightly regulate metabolism of dietary vitamin D3 into the active metabolite 1,25(OH)2D3; excess 25(OH)D3 is metabolized into 24,25(OH)2D3. This ability explains the tolerance of high levels of dietary vitamin D3 by marmosets, however, our data suggest that these high dietary levels are not required.
Hybrides Tragwerk des 18‐stöckigen Studentenwohnheims “Tall Wood Building“ in Vancouver und Alternative in Holz
Authors: Tannert Thomas , Connolly Thomas Jamie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIm ersten Teil dieses Beitrags wird der Entwurf eines der höchsten Holz‐Hybridgebäude der Welt diskutiert – des 18‐stöckigen, 53 m hohen Studentenwohnheims auf dem Campus der Universität von British Columbia in Vancouver, Kanada. Das Gebäude besteht aus 17 Stockwerken in Massivholzbauweise auf einem Stockwerk in Stahlbeton. Zwei vertikale Betonkerne sorgen für die erforderliche horizontale Aussteifung. Das Holzbausystem besteht aus Brettsperrholzplatten, die punktuell auf Brettschichtholzstützen gelagert sind. Während der Bau der Betonkerne 14 Wochen dauerte, nahm der gesamte Massivholzaufbau nur zehn Wochen in Anspruch. Eine wesentliche Verkürzung der Projektlaufzeit und Verringerung des ökologischen Fußabdrucks des Gebäudes hätte erreicht werden können, wenn auch für die Kerne Massivholz verwendet worden wäre. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit wird die Möglichkeit untersucht, das Gebäude mit Massivholzkernen zu gestalten. Die Ergebnisse eines validierten numerischen Modells zeigen, dass mit Massivholzkernen die Kriterien für die Erdbeben‐ und Windbemessung gemäß der aktuellen kanadischen Baunormung erfüllt werden können.
Electroantennogram reveals a strong correlation between the passion of honeybee and the properties of the volatile
Authors: Zhao Jieliang , Li Zhiqiang , Zhao Zhen , Yang Yunqiang , Yan Shaoze 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionInsects use their antennae to detect food, mates, and predators, mainly via olfactory recognition of specific volatile compounds. Honeybees also communicate, learn complex tasks, and show adaptable behavior by recognizing and responding to specific odors. However, the relationship between the electroantennogram and the passion of honeybee has not been determined.MethodsWe established a four‐channel maze system to detect the degree of sensitivity of the honeybee's antenna to different odors. In addition, electroantennography (EAG) signal was recorded from the right antennae of the honeybees in our experiments to explore electrophysiological responses to different volatiles.ResultsThe olfactory sensilla on the antennae of honeybees engender distinct electrophysiological responses to different volatiles. The bees were exposed to honey, 1‐hexanol and formic acid, and EAG parameters like depolarization time, falling slope, and amplitude were measured. The EAG indicators varied significantly between honey and formic acid, indicating either “happy” or “anxious” moods.ConclusionsHoneybee can express its passion by the characteristic changes of EAG parameters. We defined a preference factor (F) to quantify the preference of bees to varying concentrations of different compounds, where greater positive values indicate an increased passion. Our findings provide novel insights into the understanding of odor recognition in insects.
Fomitopsis officinalis: a Species of Arboreal Mushroom with Promising Biological and Medicinal Properties
Authors: Muszyńska Bożena , Fijałkowska Agata , Sułkowska‐Ziaja Katarzyna , Włodarczyk Anna , Kaczmarczyk Piotr , Nogaj Ewa , Piętka Jacek 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMedicinal mushrooms of the order Polyporales have a long history of use, which is evidenced by the finding of dissected fruiting bodies with Ötzi, who lived over 5000 years ago. Because of its valuable biological properties and its use in 18th and 19th‐century pharmacy, Fomitopsis officinalis used to be mass‐collected. Moreover, the large demand for larch wood and non‐wood materials (resin) caused an excessive exploitation of larch forests, which directly contributed to the disappearance of F. officinalis from its natural environment. The qualities of medicinal preparations obtained from the F. officinalis fruiting bodies are determined by the unique composition of its bioactive compounds, such as: triterpenoids, polysaccharides, organic acids, coumarins and phenolic compounds. It has been proved that both crude extracts and the compounds isolated from F. officinalis have a wide spectrum of therapeutic effects, including anti‐inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial effects.
Intersecting Xenobiology and Neometabolism To Bring Novel Chemistries to Life
Authors: Nieto‐Domínguez Manuel , Nikel Pablo I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe diversity of life relies on a handful of chemical elements (carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus) as part of essential building blocks; some other atoms are needed to a lesser extent, but most of the remaining elements are excluded from biology. This circumstance limits the scope of biochemical reactions in extant metabolism – yet it offers a phenomenal playground for synthetic biology. Xenobiology aims to bring novel bricks to life that could be exploited for (xeno)metabolite synthesis. In particular, the assembly of novel pathways engineered to handle nonbiological elements (neometabolism) will broaden chemical space beyond the reach of natural evolution. In this review, xeno‐elements that could be blended into nature's biosynthetic portfolio are discussed together with their physicochemical properties and tools and strategies to incorporate them into biochemistry. We argue that current bioproduction methods can be revolutionized by bridging xenobiology and neometabolism for the synthesis of new‐to‐nature molecules, such as organohalides.
Synthesis of Oligonucleotides Containing the N6‐(2‐Deoxy‐α,β‐d‐erythropentofuranosyl)‐2,6‐diamino‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐formamidopyrimidine (Fapy⋅dG) Oxidative Damage Product Derived from 2′‐Deoxyguanosine
Authors: Yang Haozhe , Tang Joel A. , Greenberg Marc M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractN6‐(2‐Deoxy‐α,β‐d‐erythropentofuranosyl)‐2,6‐diamino‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐formamidopyrimidine (Fapy⋅dG) is a major DNA lesion produced from 2′‐deoxyguanosine under oxidizing conditions. Fapy⋅dG is produced from a common intermediate that leads to 7,8‐dihydro‐8‐oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OxodGuo), and in greater quantities in cells. The impact of Fapy⋅dG on DNA structure and function is much less well understood than that of 8‐OxodGuo. This is largely due to the significantly greater difficulty in synthesizing oligonucleotides containing Fapy⋅dG than 8‐OxodGuo. We describe a synthetic approach for preparing oligonucleotides containing Fapy⋅dG that will facilitate intensive studies of this lesion in DNA. A variety of oligonucleotides as long as 30 nucleotides are synthesized. We anticipate that the chemistry described herein will provide an impetus for a wide range of studies involving Fapy⋅dG.
Reversible Photoswitching in Poly(2‐oxazoline) Nanoreactors
Authors: Kuepfert Michael , Qu Peiyuan , Cohen Aaron E. , Hoyt Caroline B. , Jones Christopher W. , Weck Marcus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis contribution reports light responsive catalytic nanoreactors based on poly(2‐oxazoline) diblock copolymers. The hydrophobic block of the copolymer is a random copolymer consisting of a spiropyran functionalized 2‐oxazoline (SPOx) and 2‐(but‐3‐yn‐1‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydrooxazole (ButynOx), while the hydrophilic block is based on 2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline (MeOx). The block copolymer is terminated with tris(2‐aminoethyl) amine (TREN) that serves as catalyst in a Knoevenagel condensation. Four block copolymers with different ButynOx/SPOx and hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratios are synthesized and self‐assembled through solvent exchange. Micelles and vesicles of various sizes are observed by TEM, which undergo morphological and size changes in response to irradiation with UV light. We hypothesize that these transformations in the nanostructures are caused by increases in the hydrophilicity of the hydrophobic block when spiropyran (SP) isomerizes to merocyanine (MC) in the presence of UV light. The reversible transition from micellar to vesicular nanoreactors resulted in increased reaction kinetics through improved substrate accessibility to the catalytic site, or termination of the catalytic reaction due to polymer precipitation. These nanoreactors present a promising platform towards photoregulating reaction outcomes based on changes in nanostructure morphology.
Free‐Standing Black Phosphorus Foils for Energy Storage and Catalysis
Authors: Wu Bing , Kovalska Evgeniya , Luxa Jan , Marvan Petr , Cintl Štěpán , Sofer Zdenek 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFew‐layered black phosphorus (BP) is a two‐dimensional material that has attracted intensive attention for applications in energy storage and catalysis due to its large surface area and good electrical and thermal conductivity. Herein, a comparable study of BP electrochemical exfoliation in various solutions of tetrabutylammonium salts (TBAX; X is PF6−, BF4−, and ClO4−) in DMSO is reported. Based on morphological and structural analyses, it is shown that TBAPF6/DMSO medium was specifically appropriate for the production of high‐quality BP nanosheets with micrometer lateral size and a thickness of about 2.4 nm. TBAPF6/DMSO‐processed, few‐layered BP exhibits enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic activity compared with that of samples exfoliated with the assistance of BF4− and ClO4− ions. Finally, the fabrication of flexible, free‐standing BP films and their performance in an all‐solid‐state supercapacitor device are demonstrated.
Ligand‐Controlled Diastereoselective Cobalt‐Catalysed Hydroalkynylation of Terminal Alkynes to E‐ or Z‐1,3‐Enynes
Authors: Weber Sebastian M. , Queder Jona , Hilt Gerhard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA diastereoselective hydroalkynylation of terminal alkynes to form the head‐to‐head dimerization products by two different cobalt‐phosphine catalyst system is reported. The use of the bidentate ligand dppp and additional triphenylphosphine led to the selective formation of the (E)‐1,3‐enynes (E:Z>99:1) in good to excellent yields, while the tridentate ligand TriPhos led to the corresponding (Z)‐1,3‐enynes in moderate to good yields with excellent stereoselectivities (up to E:Z=1:99). Both pre‐catalysts are easy to handle, because of their stability under atmospheric conditions. The optimized reaction conditions were identified by the Design of Experiments (DoE) approach, which has not been used before in cobalt‐catalysed reaction optimisation. DoE decreased the number of required reactions to a minimum.