bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible malignant transformation of arteriovenous malformation to angiosarcoma: case report and literature review
Authors: Tanaka Yasuhiro , Seike Shien , Tomita Koichi , Ikeda Jun-ichiro , Morii Eiichi , Isomura Emiko Tanaka , Kubo Tateki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAngiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumour, which accounts for 1–2% of all malignant soft-tissue tumours. Most cases of angiosarcoma arise spontaneously, and malignant transformation of vascular malformation to angiosarcoma is extremely rare. We describe the case of a 70-year-old woman with a massive arteriovenous malformation in her shoulder, which gradually enlarged, despite repeated surgeries and radiation therapy over 53 years. She also presented with rapidly growing haemorrhagic masses in her oral cavity. Excision biopsy was performed, and the pathohistological diagnosis was angiosarcoma. Positron emission tomography–computed tomography revealed high fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation in the oral cavity and right shoulder, the latter of which was consistent with the location of the arteriovenous malformation. The masses in the oral cavity were diagnosed as metastatic angiosarcoma from the right shoulder, where the massive arteriovenous malformation was suspected to have malignantly transformed. This report describes a possible case of malignant transformation of arteriovenous malformation to angiosarcoma.
The Effect of Repeated Shoulder Motion on Scapular Dyskinesis in Army ROTC Cadets
Authors: Andres Jade , Painter Paul J , McIlvain Gary , Timmons Mark K 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionAltered or abnormal scapular motion has been associated with increased shoulder pain and dysfunction. Fatigue of the scapular stabilizing muscles resulting from repeated arm motion has been reported to alter scapular kinematics, which could result in the clinical assessment of scapular dyskinesis. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of repeated arm motion on the development of scapular dyskinesis. The hypothesis was that repeated arm motion will induce a subtle or obvious scapular dyskinesis.Materials and MethodsAbout 30 army Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets participated in the research study. The cadets level of shoulder function was determined using the Quick Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand and Pennsylvania Shoulder Score shoulder scores. Cadets performed an exercise protocol of 30 repetitions of weighted shoulder motion in the frontal plane. Shoulder and scapular musculature strength measurements were recorded prior to and immediately following the exercise protocol using hand-held dynamometry. The scapular dyskinesis test was performed prior to the exercise protocol and during the last five repetitions of the exercise protocol.ResultsPrior to the exercise, protocol 3/30 were categorized with scapular dyskinesis on the left side and 3/30 were categorized with scapular dyskinesis on their right side. Following the exercise, protocol 8/30 were categorized with left-side scapular dyskinesis (χ2 = 9.167, P = 0.002) and 6/30 with right-side dyskinesis (χ2 = 4.537, P = 0.033). Shoulder strength decreased following the exercise protocol for all participants. The participants that developed scapular dyskinesis were weaker than those with normal scapular motion. However, the difference did not reach statistical significance. Participants graded with obvious scapular dyskinesis following the exercise protocol reported higher Quick Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand scores (P = 0.04) and lower scores on the Pennsylvania Shoulder Score (P = 0.005).ConclusionsRepeated shoulder motion increased the frequency of scapular dyskinesis in army ROTC cadets. The cadets that developed scapular dyskinesis also reported greater disability and lower function of the upper extremity. The results provide a link between scapular dyskinesis, upper extremity function, and the strength of the scapular stabilizing muscles. Improving the strength of the scapular stabilizing musculature might reduce the effects of repeated arm motions.
Exploiting flux ratio anomalies to probe warm dark matter in future large-scale surveys
Authors: Harvey David , Valkenburg Wessel , Tamone Amelie , Boyarsky Alexey , Courbin Frederic , Lovell Mark 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Flux ratio anomalies in strong gravitationally lensed quasars constitute a unique way to probe the abundance of non-luminous dark matter haloes, and hence the nature of dark matter. In this paper, we identify double-imaged quasars as a statistically efficient probe of dark matter, since they are 20 times more abundant than quadruply imaged quasars. Using N-body simulations that include realistic baryonic feedback, we measure the full distribution of flux ratios in doubly imaged quasars for cold (CDM) and warm dark matter (WDM) cosmologies. Through this method, we fold in two key systematics – quasar variability and line-of-sight structures. We find that WDM cosmologies predict a ∼6 per cent difference in the cumulative distribution functions of flux ratios relative to CDM, with CDM predicting many more small ratios. Finally, we estimate that ∼600 doubly imaged quasars will need to be observed in order to be able to unambiguously discern between CDM and the two WDM models studied here. Such sample sizes will be easily within reach of future large-scale surveys such as Euclid. In preparation for this survey data, we require discerning the scale of the uncertainties in modelling lens galaxies and their substructure in simulations, plus a strong understanding of the selection function of observed lensed quasars.
Mass models of gas-rich void dwarf galaxies
Authors: Kurapati Sushma , Chengalur Jayaram N , Kamphuis Peter , Pustilnik Simon 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We construct mass models of eight gas rich dwarf galaxies that lie in the Lynx–Cancer void. From NFW fits to the dark matter halo profile, we find that the concentration parameters of haloes of void dwarf galaxies are similar to those of dwarf galaxies in normal density regions. We also measure the slope of the central dark matter density profiles, obtained by converting the rotation curves derived using 3D (fat) and 2D (ROTCUR) tilted ring fitting routines, into mass densities. We find that the average slope (α = −1.39 ± 0.19), obtained from 3D fitting is consistent with that expected from an NFW profile. On the other hand, the average slope measured using the 2D approach is closer to what would be expected for an isothermal profile. This suggests that systematic effects in velocity field analysis have a significant effect on the slope of the central dark matter density profiles. Given the modest number of galaxies we use for our analysis, it is important to check these results using a larger sample.
Early-type galaxy density profiles from IllustrisTNG – I. Galaxy correlations and the impact of baryons
Authors: Wang Yunchong , Vogelsberger Mark , Xu Dandan , Mao Shude , Springel Volker , Li Hui , Barnes David , Hernquist Lars , Pillepich Annalisa , Marinacci Federico , Pakmor Rüediger , Weinberger Rainer , Torrey Paul 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We explore the isothermal total density profiles of early-type galaxies (ETGs) in the IllustrisTNG simulation. For the selected 559 ETGs at z = 0 with stellar masses $10^{10.7}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot } \leqslant M_{\ast } \leqslant 10^{11.9}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, the total power-law slope has a mean of 〈γ′〉 = 2.011 ± 0.007 and a scatter of $\sigma _{\gamma ^{\prime }} = 0.171$ over the radial range 0.4–4 times the stellar half-mass radius. Several correlations between γ′ and galactic properties including stellar mass, effective radius, stellar surface density, central velocity dispersion, central dark matter fraction, and in situ-formed stellar mass ratio are compared to observations and other simulations, revealing that IllustrisTNG reproduces many correlation trends, and in particular, γ′ is almost constant with redshift below z = 2. Through analysing IllustrisTNG model variations, we show that black hole kinetic winds are crucial to lowering γ′ and matching observed galaxy correlations. The effects of stellar winds on γ′ are subdominant compared to active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback, and differ due to the presence of AGN feedback from previous works. The density profiles of the ETG dark matter haloes are well described by steeper than NFW profiles, and they are steeper in the full physics (FP) run than their counterparts in the dark matter-only (DMO) run. Their inner density slopes anticorrelate (remain constant) with the halo mass in the FP (DMO) run, and anticorrelate with the halo concentration parameter c200 in both the types of runs. The dark matter haloes of low-mass ETGs are contracted whereas high-mass ETGs are expanded, suggesting that variations in the total density profile occur through the different halo responses to baryons.
Galactic dust evolution with rapid dust formation in the interstellar medium due to hypersonic turbulence
Authors: Mattsson Lars 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Turbulence can significantly accelerate the growth of dust grains by accretion of molecules. For dust dynamically coupled to the gas, the growth rate scales with the square of the Mach number, which means that the growth time-scale can easily be reduced by more than an order of magnitude. The limiting time-scale is therefore rather the rate of molecular cloud formation, which means that dust production in the interstellar medium can rapidly reach the levels needed to explain the dust masses observed at high redshifts. Thus, turbulence may be the solution to the replenishment problem in models of dust evolution in high-redshift galaxies and explain the dust masses seen at $z$ = 7–8. A simple analytic galactic dust-evolution model is presented, where grain growth nicely compensates for the expected higher rate of dust destruction by supernova shocks. This model is simpler, relies on fewer assumptions and seems to yields a better fit to data derived from observations, compared to previous models of the same type.
The electron-impact broadening of the Nb iii for 5p–5d transitions
Authors: Simić Zoran , Sakan Nenad M 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
In this work, we present the data of Stark widths of rare-earth element Nb iii, calculated for 21 spectral lines by using the modified semi-empirical method. Obtained results have been used to study the influence of Stark broadening on spectral lines in hot stars atmospheres such as A-type star and DA and DB white dwarfs.
Measuring Cigarette Smoking Risk Perceptions
Authors: Kaufman Annette R , Twesten Jenny E , Suls Jerry , McCaul Kevin D , Ostroff Jamie S , Ferrer Rebecca A , Brewer Noel T , Cameron Linda D , Halpern-Felsher Bonnie , Hay Jennifer L , Park Elyse R , Peters Ellen , Strong David R , Waters Erika A , Weinstein Neil D , Windschitl Paul D , Klein William M P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Risk perception is an important construct in many health behavior theories. Smoking risk perceptions are thoughts and feelings about the harms associated with cigarette smoking. Wide variation in the terminology, definition, and assessment of this construct makes it difficult to draw conclusions about the associations of risk perceptions with smoking behaviors. To understand optimal methods of assessing adults’ cigarette smoking risk perceptions (among both smokers and nonsmokers), we reviewed best practices from the tobacco control literature, and where gaps were identified, we looked more broadly to the research on risk perceptions in other health domains. Based on this review, we suggest assessments of risk perceptions (1) about multiple smoking-related health harms, (2) about harms over a specific timeframe, and (3) for the person affected by the harm. For the measurement of perceived likelihood in particular (ie, the perceived chance of harm from smoking based largely on deliberative thought), we suggest including (4) unconditional and conditional items (stipulating smoking behavior) and (5) absolute and comparative items and including (6) comparisons to specific populations through (7) direct and indirect assessments. We also suggest including (8) experiential (ostensibly automatic, somatic perceptions of vulnerability to a harm) and affective (emotional reactions to a potential harm) risk perception items. We also offer suggestions for (9) response options and (10) the assessment of risk perception at multiple time points. Researchers can use this resource to inform the selection, use, and future development of smoking risk perception measures.

Implications
Incorporating the measurement suggestions for cigarette smoking risk perceptions that are presented will help researchers select items most appropriate for their research questions and will contribute to greater consistency in the assessment of smoking risk perceptions among adults.
Assessing the effects of medium-chain fatty acids and fat sources on PEDV infectivity
Authors: Cochrane Roger A , Dritz Steve S , Woodworth Jason C , Stark Charles R , Saensukjaroenphon Marut , Gebhardt Jordan T , Bai Jianfa , Hesse Richard A , Poulsen Elizabeth G , Chen Qi , Gauger Phillip C , Derscheid Rachel J , Zhang Jianqiang , Tokach Michael D , Main Rodger G , Jones Cassandra K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract:
The overall objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) to other common fat sources to minimize the risk of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) cross-contamination in a pig bioassay. Treatments were feed with mitigants inoculated with PEDV after application and were: 1) positive control with no chemical treatment; 2) 0.325% commercially available formaldehyde-based product; 3) 1% blend of 1:1:1 caproic (C6), caprylic (C8), and capric acids (C10) and applied with an aerosolizing nozzle; 4) treatment 3 applied directly into the mixer without an aerosolizing nozzle; 5) 0.66% caproic acid; 6) 0.66% caprylic acid; 7) 0.66% capric acid; 8) 0.66% lauric acid; 9) 1% blend of 1:1 capric and lauric acids; 10) 0.3% commercially available dry C12 product; 11) 1% canola oil; 12) 1% choice white grease; 13) 2% coconut oil; 14) 1% coconut oil; 15) 2% palm kernel oil; 16) 1% palm kernel oil; 17) 1% soy oil and four analysis days (0, 1, 3, and 7 post inoculation) as well as 1 treatment of PEDV-negative feed without chemical treatment. There was a treatment × day interaction (P &lt; 0.002) for detectable PEDV RNA. The magnitude of the increase in Ct value from d 0 to 7 was dependent upon the individual treatments. Feed treated with individual MCFA, 1% MCFA blend, or commercial-based formaldehyde had fewer (P &lt; 0.05) detectable viral particles than all other treatments. Commercial-based formaldehyde, 1% MCFA, 0.66% caproic, 0.66% caprylic, and 0.66% capric acids had no evidence of infectivity 10-d old pig bioassay, while there was no evidence the C12 commercial product or longer chain fat sources inhibited PEDV infectivity. Interestingly, pigs given the coconut oil source with the highest composition of caprylic and capric only showed signs of infectivity on the last day of bioassay. These data suggest some MCFA have potential for reducing post feed manufacture PEDV contamination.
Development of a low-density panel for genomic selection of pigs in Russia1
Authors: Shashkova Tatiana I , Martynova Elena U , Ayupova Asiya F , Shumskiy Artemy A , Ogurtsova Polina A , Kostyunina Olga V , Khaitovich Philipp E , Mazin Pavel V , Zinovieva Natalia A 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGenomic selection is routinely used worldwide in agricultural breeding. However, in Russia, it is still not used to its full potential partially due to high genotyping costs. The use of genotypes imputed from the low-density chips (LD-chip) provides a valuable opportunity for reducing the genotyping costs. Pork production in Russia is based on the conventional 3-tier pyramid involving 3 breeds; therefore, the best option would be the development of a single LD-chip that could be used for all of them. Here, we for the first time have analyzed genomic variability in 3 breeds of Russian pigs, namely, Landrace, Duroc, and Large White and generated the LD-chip that can be used in pig breeding with the negligible loss in genotyping quality. We have demonstrated that out of the 3 methods commonly used for LD-chip construction, the block method shows the best results. The imputation quality depends strongly on the presence of close ancestors in the reference population. We have demonstrated that for the animals with both parents genotyped using high-density panels high-quality genotypes (allelic discordance rate &lt; 0.05) could be obtained using a 300 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip, while in the absence of genotyped ancestors at least 2,000 SNP markers are required. We have shown that imputation quality varies between chromosomes, and it is lower near the chromosome ends and drops with the increase in minor allele frequency. Imputation quality of the individual SNPs correlated well across breeds. Using the same LD-chip, we were able to obtain comparable imputation quality in all 3 breeds, so it may be suggested that a single chip could be used for all of them. Our findings also suggest that the presence of markers with extremely low imputation quality is likely to be explained by wrong mapping of the markers to the chromosomal positions.
In vivo Ca2+ dynamics in single pancreatic β cells
Authors: Jacob Stefan , Köhler Martin , Tröster Philip , Visa Montse , García‐Prieto Concha F. , Alanentalo Tomas , Moede Tilo , Leibiger Barbara , Leibiger Ingo B. , Berggren Per‐Olof 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe dynamics of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in pancreatic β cells is central to our understanding of β‐cell physiology and pathology. In this context, there are numerous in vitro studies available but existing in vivo data are scarce. We now critically evaluate the anterior chamber of the eye as an in vivo, non‐invasive, imaging site for measuring [Ca2+]i dynamics longitudinally in three dimensions and at single‐cell resolution. By applying a fluorescently labeled glucose analogue 2‐(N‐(7‐Nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐4‐yl)Amino)‐2‐Deoxyglucose in vivo, we followed how glucose almost simultaneously distributes to all cells within the islet volume, resulting in [Ca2+]i changes. We found that almost all β cells in healthy mice responded to a glucose challenge, while in hyperinsulinemic, hyperglycemic mice about 80% of the β cells could not be further stimulated from fasting basal conditions. This finding indicates that our imaging modality can resolve functional heterogeneity within the β‐cell population in terms of glucose responsiveness. Importantly, we demonstrate that glucose homeostasis is markedly affected using isoflurane compared to hypnorm/midazolam anesthetics, which has major implications for [Ca2+]i measurements. In summary, this setup offers a powerful tool to further investigate in vivo pancreatic β‐cell [Ca2+]i response patterns at single‐cell resolution in health and disease.
ESCRT subunit CHMP4B localizes to primary cilia and is required for the structural integrity of the ciliary membrane
Authors: Jung Eunji , Choi Tae‐Ik , Lee Ji‐Eun , Kim Cheol‐Hee , Kim Joon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProteins specialized in the detection, generation, or stabilization of membrane curvature play important roles in establishing various morphologies of cells and cellular organelles. Primary cilia are cellular organelles that protrude from the cell surface using a microtubule‐based cytoskeleton called the axoneme as a structural support. It is unclear whether the integrity of the high curvature of the ciliary membrane depends on membrane curvature‐related proteins. Charged Multivesicular Body Protein 4B (CHMP4B), a subunit of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT), can stabilize membrane curvature. Here we show that CHMP4B is involved in the assembly and maintenance of primary cilia. CHMP4B was localized to primary cilia in mammalian cells. Knockdown of CHMP4B interfered with cilium assembly and also caused fragmentation of preexisting cilia. By contrast, cilium formation was unaffected by the interruption of the ESCRT‐dependent endocytic degradation pathway. Morpholino (MO)‐mediated CHMP4B depletion in zebrafish embryos induced characteristic phenotypes of ciliary defects such as curved body axis, hydrocephalus, otolith malformation, and kidney cyst. Our study reveals a new role for the multifunctional protein CHMP4B as a key factor in maintaining the structural integrity of primary cilia.
Roles of glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha and calcineurin in regulating the ability of sperm to fertilize eggs
Authors: Dey Souvik , Eisa Alaa , Kline Douglas , Wagner Florence F. , Abeysirigunawardena Sanjaya , Vijayaraghavan Srinivasan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGlycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) was identified as an enzyme regulating sperm protein phosphatase. The GSK3α paralog, but not GSK3β, is essential for sperm function. Sperm lacking GSK3α display altered motility and are unable to undergo hyperactivation, which is essential for fertilization. Male mice lacking sperm‐specific calcineurin (PP2B), a calcium regulated phosphatase, in testis and sperm, are also infertile. Loss of PP2B results in impaired epididymal sperm maturation and motility. The phenotypes of GSK3α and PP2B knockout mice are similar, prompting us to examine the interrelationship between these two enzymes in sperm. High calcium levels must exist to permit catalytically active calcineurin to function during epididymal sperm maturation. Total and free calcium levels are high in immotile compared to motile epididymal sperm. Inhibition of calcineurin by FK506 results in an increase in the net phosphorylation and a consequent decrease in catalytic activity of sperm GSK3. The inhibitor FK506 and an isoform‐selective inhibitor of GSK3α, BRD0705, also inhibited fertilization of eggs in vitro. Interrelated functions of GSK3α and sperm PP2B are essential during epididymal sperm maturation and during fertilization. Our results should enable the development of male contraceptives targeting one or both enzymes.