bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐bismuth and bismuth quadruple therapies based on previous clarithromycin exposure are as effective and safe in an area of high clarithromycin resistance: A real‐life study
Authors: Romano Marco , Gravina Antonietta Gerarda , Nardone Gerardo , Federico Alessandro , Dallio Marcello , Martorano Marco , Mucherino Caterina , Romiti Alessandra , Avallone Luciana , Granata Lucia , Priadko Katerina , Compare Debora , Tuccillo Concetta , Romito Maria Raffaella , Sgambato Dolores , Miranda Agnese , Romano Lorenzo , Loguercio Carmelina , Bazzoli Franco , Zagari Rocco Maurizio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundBismuth quadruple (BQT) and non‐bismuth quadruple (N‐BQT) therapies are the recommended first‐line treatments for Helicobacter (H.) pylori infection.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of BQT and N‐BQT in clinical practice in an area with high clarithromycin resistance, choosing the regimen on the basis of previous exposure to clarithromycin.MethodsA total of 404 consecutive H pylori‐positive, naïve patients were enrolled. A total of 203 patients without previous exposure to clarithromycin received N‐BQT, 100 patients for 10 days and 103 for 14 days, whereas 201 with previous exposure to clarithromycin received 10‐day BQT. Efficacy and treatment‐related adverse events were assessed.Results and ConclusionsEradication rates by intention‐to‐treat analysis were 88.2% for N‐BQT and 91.5% for BQT (P = .26); per‐protocol analysis eradication rates were 91.2% and 95.8% for N‐BQT and BQT, respectively (P = .07). Eradication rates were significantly higher with 14‐day than 10‐day CT (P < .003). Almost all patients had a good compliance with both N‐BQT (95.6%) and BQT (95%). Adverse events occurred in 24.1% and 26.9% (P = .53) of patients in the N‐BQT and BQT group, respectively. In conclusion, clarithromycin‐containing non‐bismuth or bismuth quadruple therapy, based on the knowledge of previous clarithromycin exposure, is effective and safe even in an area of high prevalence of clarithromycin‐resistant H pylori strains.
Association of AMY1A/AMY2A copy numbers and AMY1/AMY2 serum enzymatic activity with obesity in Mexican children
Authors: Vázquez‐Moreno Miguel , Mejía‐Benítez Aurora , Sharma Tanmay , Peralta‐Romero Jesús , Locia‐Morales Daniel , Klünder‐Klünder Miguel ,   National Obesity Network Mexico, Cruz Miguel , Meyre David 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYBackgroundMexican children are characterized by a high‐starch intake diet and high prevalence of obesity.ObjectivesTo investigate the association of AMY1A/AMY2A copy numbers (CNs) and AMY1/AMY2 serum enzymatic activity with childhood obesity in up to 427 and 337 Mexican cases and controls.MethodsAnthropometric and dietary starch intake data were collected. CN of AMY1A/AMY2A and AMY1/AMY2 serum enzymatic activity were determined using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and enzymatic colorimetry, respectively. An individual participant level data meta‐analysis of association between AMY1A CNVs and obesity was also performed.ResultsA positive association between AMY1A/AMY2A CNs and their corresponding AMY1/AMY2 serum enzyme activity was observed in children with normal weight and obesity. The serum enzyme activity of AMY1 and AMY2 was negatively associated with childhood obesity risk, and the association was restricted to kids eating medium/high amount of starch (Pinteraction = .004). While no association between AMY1A and AMY2A CNs and childhood obesity was observed in our sample, we confirmed a significant association between AMY1A CN and obesity in a meta‐analysis of 3100 Mexican children.ConclusionsOur data suggest that genetically determined salivary and pancreatic amylase activity can increase/decrease the risk of obesity in Mexican children, this effect being blunted by a low‐starch diet.
Privacy, confidentiality, security and patient safety concerns about electronic health records
Authors: Bani Issa W. , Al Akour I. , Ibrahim A. , Almarzouqi A. , Abbas S. , Hisham F. , Griffiths J. 
Published: April 2020

AimsThis study explored concerns among nurses working in the United Arab Emirates associated with the use of electronic health records, including privacy, confidentiality, security and patient safety.BackgroundGiven the widespread implementation of electronic health records, there are concerns about data integrity that could jeopardize healthcare quality. Addressing nurses’ concerns about data integrity and safety is critical to inform health policies and promote public trust.MethodsNurses working in healthcare settings in the United Arab Emirates (N = 562) were invited to share their concerns about data integrity and patient safety using a mixed‐method approach. Data were collected between January and June 2018 via questionnaires and focus group interviews. Following a survey of nurses’ concerns about privacy, confidentiality, security and patient safety in electronic health records, six focus groups were held to gain deeper insights about their concerns. Major themes that emerged from the focus groups were extracted to align with the main sections of the questionnaire.ResultsNurses expressed concern over the security of electronic health records (n = 270, 48%). Administrative‐related security, inadequate training and access by unauthorized users were the most frequently reported concerns. The main patient safety concerns were associated with non‐technological factors, including lack of audit by staff, poor communication with technology vendors and length of time required for documentation. The focus group results reflected similar issues, with an additional theme being inconsistency in data integrity policies.Conclusions and implications for nursing/health policyFrontline nurse managers need to integrate pragmatic policies to support staff compliance with the code of ethics when using online data. Nurses must follow workplace policies that foster reporting of risks to online incident systems to ensure data integrity. A unified health policy based on multidisciplinary partnership is critical to safeguard online data and promote public trust.
Real‐world data on the incidence, mortality, and cost of ischaemic stroke and major bleeding events among non‐valvular atrial fibrillation patients in England
Authors: Bakhai Ameet , Petri Hans , Vahidnia Farnaz , Wolf Cyrill , Ding Yingjie , Foskett Nadia , Sculpher Mark 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRationale, Aims, and ObjectivesSeveral novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are licensed for atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment in the United Kingdom. We describe the incidence and mortality from ischaemic stroke and major bleeding in non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients in England, including treatment patterns before/following introduction of NOACs, healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and costs post‐onset of these events.MethodData were extracted from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to Hospital Episode Statistics secondary care and Office for National Statistics mortality data.ResultsOf 42 966 patients with a first AF record between 2011 and 2016, 9143 patients (21.3%) remained without AF (antiplatelets/antithrombotics) treatment post‐index diagnosis. The proportion of patients receiving aspirin for ≥3 months post‐index declined during the study (50.6%‐5.5%), irrespective of CHA2DS2‐VASc score, while the proportion prescribed NOACs increased (2.0%‐70.1%). Rates of ischaemic stroke per 1000 patient‐years (95% CI) were 9.4 (3.8‐15.0) with NOACs, 10.4 (8.0‐12.9) with warfarin, 20.1 (16.4‐23.8) with aspirin, 21.3 (5.3‐37.2) with other antiplatelets and 43.6 (39.3‐47.8) in patients without AF prescription. Major bleeding occurred at a similar rate with different treatments. All‐cause mortality rates were 42.8 (31.4‐54.3) with NOACs, 46.3 (41.1‐51.5) with warfarin, 56.5 (50.5‐62.4) with aspirin, 102.2 (76.2‐128.3) with other antiplatelets and 412.8 (399.6‐426.0) with no AF prescription. Mean annual National Health Service healthcare costs up to 1 year post‐index were lowest in patients receiving aspirin plus other antiplatelets without an event (£6152), and highest in patients with an event without AF prescriptions (£17 957). By extrapolation, national AF HRU in the United Kingdom in 2016 was estimated at £8‐16 billion annually.ConclusionsThese data provide temporal insights into AF treatment patterns and outcomes for NVAF patients in England and highlight the need to review higher stroke risk AF patients not receiving antiplatelet/antithrombotic prescriptions.
The nature and consequences of co‐infections in tilapia: A review
Authors: Abdel‐Latif Hany M. R. , Dawood Mahmoud A. O. , Menanteau‐Ledouble Simon , El‐Matbouli Mansour 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCo‐infections commonly arise when two or multiple different pathogens infect the same host, either as simultaneous or as secondary concurrent infection. This potentiates their pathogenic effects and leads to serious negative consequences on the exposed host. Numerous studies on the occurrence of the bacterial, parasitic, fungal and viral co‐infections were conducted in various tilapia species. Co‐infections have been associated with serious negative impacts on susceptible fish because they increase the fish susceptibility to diseases and the likelihood of outbreaks in the affected fish. Co‐infections can alter the disease course and increase the severity of disease through synergistic and, more rarely, antagonistic interactions. In this review, reports on the synergistic co‐infections and their impacts on the affected tilapia species are highlighted. Additionally, their pathogenic mechanisms are briefly discussed. Tilapia producers should be aware of the possible occurrence of co‐infections and their effects on the affected tilapia species and in particular of the clinical signs and course of the disease. To date, there is still limited information regarding the pathogenicity mechanisms and pathogen interactions during these co‐infections. This is generally due to low awareness regarding co‐infections, and in many cases, a dominant pathogen is perceived to be of vital importance and hence becomes the target of treatment while the treatment of the co‐infectious agents is neglected. This review article aimed at raising awareness regarding co‐infections and helping researchers and fish health specialists pay greater attention to these natural cases, leading to increased research and more consistent diagnosis of co‐infectious outbreaks in order to improve control strategies to protect tilapia when infected with multiple pathogens.
The trends in the usage of breast milk in neonatal intensive care setting
Authors: Çelik Kıymet , Asena Muhammed , İpek Mehmet Şah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany interventions have been designed to increase breast milk (BM) consumption among preterm and critical‐term infants in neonatal units. The aim of this study was to determine the trends in the usage of BM in a neonatal unit and the risk factors for insufficient breast‐milk feeding at discharge.MethodsThis retrospective study included newborn infants who hospitalized in the neonatal unit during two periods in different years, a 15‐month period in 2012–2013 and in 2017–2018. The primary outcomes were the availability of BM within 24 h after delivery and the status of infant feeding at discharge.ResultsDuring two periods of the study, a total of 3,018 infants were included in the study. The rate of BM expression within the first 24 h after delivery was 92.9%, and it was found that the first period of the study, caesarean section delivery, very low birth weight, being first‐time mother, and young maternal age were each independently associated with the delayed initiation of BM expression (P < 0.05). At discharge, 87.6% of the infants had been feeding with BM. Multiple births, the delayed initiation of BM expression, and the length of hospital stay were associated with inadequate BM feeding at discharge (P < 0.001).ConclusionThis study showed that interventions supporting BM feeding, which have recently been carried out, made improvements to the initiation of BM expression among mothers whose babies were admitted to the neonatal unit, and in the rate of BM feeding among infants at discharge.
Early tonsillectomy for severe immunoglobulin A nephropathy significantly reduces proteinuria
Authors: Enya Takuji , Miyazaki Kohei , Miyazawa Tomoki , Oshima Rina , Morimoto Yuichi , Okada Mitsuru , Takemura Tsukasa , Sugimoto Keisuke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly multiple‐drug therapy for severe childhood immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy prevents the progression of nephritis and improves the long‐term prognosis. Recent studies have focused on the relationship between the pathophysiology of IgA nephropathy and tonsillar focal infection, and the efficacy of tonsillectomy with methylprednisolone pulse therapy in children has been demonstrated. However, no study has reported on the relationship between the period from diagnosis to tonsillectomy and the long‐term prognosis of IgA nephropathy.MethodsTo clarify the long‐term effects of an early tonsillectomy, 40 patients who were diagnosed with severe IgA nephropathy in childhood and underwent a tonsillectomy were divided into two groups based on the period from diagnosis to undergoing tonsillectomy: Group A, less than 3 years; and Group B, more than 3 years. The primary endpoint of this study was the change in the amount of proteinuria. Renal prognosis was evaluated 10 years after the diagnosis.ResultsThis study enrolled 40 patients diagnosed with severe IgA nephropathy in childhood who underwent tonsillectomy after multiple‐drug therapy with/without methylprednisolone pulse therapy at Kindai University Hospital; eight patients were excluded based on the exclusion criteria. Group A consisted of 18 patients and Group B, 14 patients. Proteinuria and hematuria levels were significantly reduced in the early surgery group (P < 0.01). No significant differences were found in serum creatinine, uric acid, and IgA/C3 ratio.ConclusionsHigh proteinuria levels worsen the renal prognosis in IgA nephropathy. Tonsillectomy in less than 3 years combined with multiple‐drug therapy after the initial diagnosis could improve long‐term prognosis.
On Bandwidth Choice for Spatial Data Density Estimation
Authors: Jiang Zhenyu , Ling Nengxiang , Lu Zudi , Tj⊘stheim Dag , Zhang Qiang 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBandwidth choice is crucial in spatial kernel estimation in exploring non-Gaussian complex spatial data. The paper investigates the choice of adaptive and non-adaptive bandwidths for density estimation given data on a spatial lattice. An adaptive bandwidth depends on local data and hence adaptively conforms with local features of the spatial data. We propose a spatial cross-validation (SCV) choice of a global bandwidth. This is done first with a pilot density involved in the expression for the adaptive bandwidth. The optimality of the procedure is established, and it is shown that a non-adaptive bandwidth choice comes out as a special case. Although the cross-validation idea has been popular for choosing a non-adaptive bandwidth in data-driven smoothing of independent and time series data, its theory and application have not been much investigated for spatial data. For the adaptive case, there is little theory even for independent data. Conditions that ensure asymptotic optimality of the SCV-selected bandwidth are derived, actually, also extending time series and independent data optimality results. Further, for the adaptive bandwidth with an estimated pilot density, oracle properties of the resultant density estimator are obtained asymptotically as if the true pilot were known. Numerical simulations show that finite sample performance of the SCV adaptive bandwidth choice works quite well. It outperforms the existing R routines such as the ‘rule of thumb’ and the so-called ‘second-generation’ Sheather–Jones bandwidths for moderate and big data sets. An empirical application to a set of spatial soil data is further implemented with non-Gaussian features significantly identified.
‘Close the Ports to African Migrants and Asian Rice!’: The Politics of Agriculture and Migration and the Rise of a ‘New’ Right‐Wing Populism in Italy
Authors: Iocco Giulio , Lo Cascio Martina , Perrotta Domenico Claudio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article contributes to the debate on the rural dimensions of the current global surge of right‐wing populism through an analysis and genealogy of the political discourse of Matteo Salvini’s Lega on agriculture and migrant farm labour. In 2018–2019, this party emerged as one of the most successful radical right populist parties in Italy and Western Europe. After a description of the Italian political debate in the fields of agriculture and migration over the last two decades, we analyse how the issues of agriculture, food and migrant farm labour are articulated in the Lega’s discourse in relation to the ideological features of nativism, authoritarianism, populism as well as neomercantilism and corporatism. We argue that agriculture and food are central in the representation of the ‘Italian’ cultural identity as proposed by the Lega. Moreover, we contend that the Lega has disarticulated and rearticulated ‘old’ ideas – such as the protection of ‘Made in Italy’ food – in a ‘new’ nativist discourse. The article is based upon a discourse analysis of speeches and documents produced by this party since 2013.
Partially Premixed Flame Stabilization in the Presence of a Combined Swirl and Bluff Body Influenced Flowfield: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Sadanandan Rajesh , Chakraborty Aritra , Arumugam Vinoth Kumar , Chakravarthy Satyanarayanan R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Optical and laser diagnostic measurements in a nonpremixed model gas turbine (GT) burner have been performed to investigate the effect of an increase in thermal power on the flame stabilization. The model GT burner has a large bluff body base with an annular swirl region, leading to a convergent-divergent flow field at the burner exit. Under the investigated conditions, the flame stabilizes predominantly in the diverging section characterized by the swirl flow with a central recirculation zone. With increasing thermal power, the reverse flow of hot burned gases is strengthened, with the hydroxyl radical (OH) planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) images indicating an increase in the temperature of the burned gases. The preferred flame stabilization location coincides with the inner shear layer between the reactant inflow and the reverse flow of hot burned gases. At high thermal power, the flame seems to stabilize in regions of high fluid dynamic strain rate, highlighting the influence of the reverse flowing burned gases in the evolution of the flammable mixture upstream. However, simultaneous and time-resolved measurements of the flow-field and scalar field are needed for direct quantification of this. The results are in agreement with the flame stabilization theories based on partial fuel-air mixing and streamline divergence. The flow is seen to decelerate upstream of the flame front and the flame stabilizes in a region of low velocity, created as a result of heat release diverging the streamlines ahead of it.
Partial Disassembly Line Balancing Problem Analysis Based on Sequence-Dependent Stochastic Mixed-Flow
Authors: Xia Xuhui , Liu Wei , Zhang Zelin , Wang Lei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Given the characteristics of decommissioning product diversity, wear difference, and structural complexity, we analyzed the disassembly line balance problems of minimum disassembly workstation, station load balancing, priority disassembly of high-demand parts and the lowest cost of invalid operations, and further considered the influence of random factors on actual disassembly operations. The purpose of this paper is to establish a model of sequence-dependent stochastic mixed-flowed partial disassembly line balancing problem and propose an adaptive hybrid particle swarm genetic algorithm to solve the model. The algorithm replaces the fixed value genetic operator with an adaptive crossover and mutation operator to improve the global optimization ability. The introduction of adaptive weighted particles leads to improved local optimization ability of the algorithm so that the algorithm has strong global and regional optimization ability to improve algorithm accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by solving the classic disassembly line balancing problem with different scales and comparing it with the solution results of underlying genetic and particle swarm optimization algorithm. Meanwhile, the proposed model and algorithm are applied to the mixed-flow disassembly engineering project of a 25-task reducer. The results indicate that the proposed model is superior to the control group in terms of minimal disassembly workstation, station load balancing, invalid operation cost, and overall performance of the disassembly line, which verifies the validity of the model.
A Lightweight Robotic Device Based on a Micro-Macro Actuation Concept for the Inspection of Railway Pantograph
Authors: Santamato Giancarlo , Chiaradia Domenico , Solazzi Massimiliano , Frisoli Antonio 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Functional verification of railway pantographs is performed within periodic maintenance programs by means of specifically designed automation and robotic devices that can check their structural integrity and correct functionality. In this paper, we present the design and validation of a new portable inspection robotic device that through structural dynamic excitation and passive movement can assess the health status of railway pantographs. The device is endowed with a new actuation system that combines the large range of force attained through a macro-actuator with the high-frequency capabilities of a micro-actuator while preserving lightweight structure. The reported design and experiments confirm that excitation transmission by accurate force control can be achieved in the entire frequency range, despite the interaction between actuator and structure, and that simulated defects can be revealed by low and high-frequency alterations.
Numerical Model for Thermal and Material Characterization of FRP Composite Pipes Exposed to Hydrocarbon Fire
Authors: Mensah Patrick F. , Stubblefield Michael A. , Soysal Omer , Li Guoqiang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Modeling of the fire performance of fiberglass reinforced composite pipe was investigated in this study. A multidimensional heat transfer model was developed and used to capture the essentials of thermal transport and material decomposition. A finite difference modeling (FDM) numerical approach is used in solving the coupled multidimensional Fourier equation with chemical decomposition response model. The fire resistance of a dry hydrocarbon fire test is simulated in this analysis. Transient temperature distributions in the joined section of a composite-to-composite FRP pipe where failure is most likely to occur were predicted for comparison with experimental results. The FRP materials used in the analysis were E-glass and glass-phenolic.
Modeling of Heat-Activated Coupled Composite Pipes in a Cryogenic Thermal Environment
Authors: Mensah Patrick F. , Stubblefield Michael A. , Soysal Omer , Li Guoqiang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Modeling of heat-activated coupled graphite fiber reinforced composite piping in a cryogenic environment was investigated in this study. A 2-dimensional heat diffusion model was used to capture the essentials of thermal transport through the thickness of a heat-activated coupled (HAC) graphite epoxy composite-to-composite pipe joint. The resulting boundary value problem was solved using an Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) finite difference model (FDM). Simulated numerical transient temperature distributions are predicted for comparison with experimental results.