bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF SELF NANO-EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR AN ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE AGENT FELODIPINE: A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH FOR LIPID NANO-FORMULATION WITH IMPROVED ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY IN RATS
Authors: SASTRI K. TRIDEVA , RADHA G. V. 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The present study involves the development of SNEDDS employing essential oils for enhancing biopharmaceutical performance.
Methods: Preliminary investigations suggested the selection of cinnamon oil as an essential oil, tween 60 as a surfactant, while transcutol HP as a cosolvent for formulating SNEDDS. Formulations evaluated for stability, robustness to dilution, and emulsification time, droplet size, zeta potential (ζ), cloud point, in vitro drug release, drug excipient compatibility, TEM, stability assessment and in vivo pharmacokinetic performance in rats.
Results: All formulations were robust, stable, and revealed excellent emulsification time<40 s, with fine droplet size (11.41±2.41 nm), lower PDI (0.028-0.277). Formulation F(FLD)6 exhibited a release of 97.7% within 4h, and TEM photograph confirmed spherical droplets. The bioavailability results revealed a higher rate and extent of absorption, AUC, and Cmax for the formulations found to be 1212.4 and 355.40±13.67 (p<0.05). The results recommend that the developed formulation approach offers bioavailability enhancement of FLD.
Conclusion: The study concluded that SNEDDS would be an effective formulation system in increasing the aqueous solubility and potentially bioavailability. Furthermore, it can be applied for other therapeutic categories of drugs belonging to BCS class II and IV that show comparable biopharmaceutical challenges.
Features of strengthening metal structures with composite materials under the influence of an aggressive environment
Authors: Leonova Anna N. , Sofyanikov Oleg D. , Skripkina Irina A. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction. This article is devoted to the issues of reinforcing metal building structures with external reinforcement systems with composite materials. The application of these strengthening methods in domestic literature and in practice has not been fully studied. As a result, it is relevant to study the characteristics of strengthening under the action of an external aggressive environment, namely when exposed to galvanic corrosion, elevated ambient temperatures and extreme temperatures from firing. The purpose of the study is to establish the effectiveness of reinforcing metal structures with composite materials under the influence of various force factors, including cyclic loads, and under the action of an external aggressive environment.
Materials and methods. The methodological basis of scientific research was the analysis of publications of domestic and foreign scientists on the theoretical and practical experience of using composite materials to strengthen metal structures. During the study, when describing the dependences of physical quantities on external and internal force and non-force factors, scientific methods of induction, deduction, generalization and comparison were used.
Results. Performed a comprehensive study of the effectiveness of the use of composite materials to enhance the metal structures in hostile environments. The dependence of the increase in strength of reinforced steel samples on the length of the adhesive joint of external reinforcement is analyzed, the possibility of applying reinforcement at fatigue stresses is investigated. Recommendations on the use of protective insulating systems and materials that prevent the reduction of the bearing capacity of structures from external non-force factors are given.
Conclusions. The effectiveness of reinforcing metal structures using composite carbon fiber materials is revealed. The bearing capacity of reinforced structures may be increased by 59 %. When the glass transition temperature of carbon fiber materials is reached, the increase in the bearing capacity from external amplification systems decreases by 50 %, and when the temperature is increased to 60 °C, the external amplification systems are ineffective and do not increase the bearing capacity. To achieve the required fire resistance of the amplification systems, equal to at least one hour, it is necessary to use external fire insulation.
The calculation of the thermal mode of a room with automatic regulation of climate systems
Authors: Samarin Oleg D. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The ongoing research of the indoor temperature, regulated by automatically operating climate systems, remains relevant if focused on identification of dependencies which are sufficiently accurate with regard for the majority of essential factors and represented in the engineering format. The mission of the research is to identify a dependency between indoor temperature and time in case of irregular heat supply in the context of prorated heat flow regulation by indoor climate systems. The exponential nature of this dependency serves as the research hypothesis.
Materials and methods. The author has employed and analyzed the principal equations connecting the most important constituents of a heat flow in a room that has automated climate systems in the context of discontinuous changes. The author has employed a computational model of a non-steady temperature environment of a ventilated room. The proposed model is based on the solution of a system of differential equations describing heat conductivity and transfer on indoor surfaces. The author has composed and analytically solved the general differential equation describing the indoor thermal balance with regard for the climate system’s feedback.
Results. The author has developed an analytical expression describing the indoor space heating rate in case of prorated temperature regulation by the climate system and irregular heat supply. The analytical expression represents an exponential function of the square root of the time span starting from the moment of a heat supply spike. The author used a residential house in Moscow to analyze the nature of indoor temperature fluctuations with and without heat regulation.
Conclusions. The author has proven that an indoor temperature rate is mainly driven by the relation between the transmission coefficient of a climate system and the thermal inertia of “massive” building envelopes in case of irregular thermal exposure. The author makes the point that a simplified analytical solution is proven true by the results of the analysis performed with the help of a numerical model. It’s been identified that the ultimate value of an indoor temperature increment is determined as the relation between the heat gain value and the parameter which is proportionate to the transfer coefficient.
Pengaruh Tingkat Inflasi, Tingkat Suku Bunga Bi, Dan Nilai Tukar Usd-Idr Terhadap Perubahan Harga Saham Sektor Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Indonesia
Authors: Stefanus Adi Cahya , Robiyanto Robiyanto 
Published: May 2020

The objective of this study is to find out how macroeconomic factors such as exchange rate, BI rate and inflation rate can affect the manufacturing sector stock price index in IDX from 2011 until 2018. Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) is used as the analysis method in this research to find the fittest model. The result, only exchange rate that no significant effect to manufacturing sector stock, price index, Inflation and BI rate have significant effect to manufacturing sector stock price index.
Praktek Tradisi Belis Dalam Adat Perkawinan di Desa Aiteas (Studi Post-Marital Residence Antara Matrilokal dan Neolokal)
Authors: Soares Evaristo , Prabawa Titi Susilowati , Sasongko Gatot 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini berfokus pada posisi laki-laki dan perempuan terkait post-marital residence dalam praktek belis di Desa Aiteas bagi pengantin yang sesudah menikah tinggal (matrilokal) dan yang tidak tinggal bersama keluarga perempuan (neolokal). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan observasi. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Aiteas, Posto Administrativu Manatuto, Municipio Manatuto, Timor Leste. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, praktek perkawinan di Desa Aiteas pengantin laki-laki dari luar Desa Aiteas yang menikah dengan perempuan Desa Aiteas terkait post-marital residence antara yang tinggal dan yang tinggal di luar keluarga perempuan secara tahapannya adalah sama. Besarnya belis merupakan kesepakatan bersama. Di Desa Aiteas sesuai adat matrilineal menempatkan posisi laki-laki dalam relasi keluarga : Pertama, Laki-laki mengalami sub-ordinasi dalam pengambilan keputusan. Kedua, kekuasaan harta benda dan sistem warisan berada di tangan di pihak istri. Ketiga, marga anak mengikuti marga pihak keluarga perempuan. Posisi laki-laki ini tidak berbeda antara post-marital residence matrilokal maupun neolokal. Posisi perempuan dalam keluarga : pertama, pada aspek pendidikan, semakin banyak perempuan Desa Aiteas yang sekolah sampai Universitas. Kedua, dalam aspek sosial budaya, perempuan Desa Aiteas berperan aktif dalam kegiatan sosial budaya sebagai kewajiban berpartisipasi bagi rumah adat (uma lisan). Ketiga, dalam aspek politik, perempuan Desa Aiteas bisa terjun ke dunia politik. Perbedaan post-marital residence antara matrilokal maupun neolokal hanya berbeda dalam hal jumlah belis, tetapi sesuai dengan sistem adat matrilineal Desa Aiteas, tidak ada perbedaan posisi laki-laki dan perempuan dalam keluarga.
Are Male and Female Students Different in High-Order Thinking Skills?
Authors: Sari Dewi Endah , Hindun Iin , Mahmudati Nurul , Miharja Fuad Jaya , Fauzi Ahmad 
Published: May 2020

High-order thinking skills (HOTS) are competencies that must be possessed by male and female students in 21st Century era. The purpose of this quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was to determine the effect of gender on the level of HOTS empowerment of high school students. The subjects of this study were students of SMA Negeri 1 Malang and the sample of the study was students of class XI MIPA 10. All students receive biology learning by applying Problem-based Learning (PBL) combined with Two Stay-Two Stray (TSTS) assisted by “Sangkar Hati” media. The collected data were analyzed by using one way ANCOVA. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that HOTS achievement of female students is not significantly different from male students. Through the findings of this study, it is expected that the implementation of Biology learning in other schools will also implement innovative education with creative media that can empower HOTS of female and male students.
Diagnostic criteria for lessivage of profile-differentiated soils of the Precarpathian region (Ukraine)
Authors: Pankiv Zenoviy , Malyk Stepan , Yamelynets Taras 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Profile-differentiated soils of the Precarpathian region were formed due to the combined effect of such processes as podzolization, lessivage, gley-eluvium. For the diagnosis of these soils, researchers have used different diagnostic features. The most controversial is the diagnosis of the lessivage process. Based on our own field and analytical studies, it is suggested to use the granulometric composition compared to the contents of the horizon and the silt content in argillanes for the diagnosis of lessivage argillanes within the illuvial horizon. A reliable feature of lessivage is the equal distribution of the montmorillonite group minerals within the profile, which is diagnosed by the ratio of SiO2:Al2O3 in the silty fraction, the accumulation of Fe2O3 and R2O3 in the illuvial horizon in comparison with the rock and positive values of eluvial-accumulative coefficient of oxides in the silty fraction in the illuvial part of the soil profile.
Effect of row spacing, seeding rate and nitrogen fertilization on yield and yield components of soybean
Authors: Neugschwandtner Reinhard W. , Winkler Johanna , Bernhart Maria , Pucher Michael A. , Klug Martin , Werni Christian , Adam Eveline , Kaul Hans-Peter 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Soybean crop management have not been studied much in Central Europe as compared with cereals. We assessed the effect of variety, row spacing, seeding rate and nitrogen (N) fertilization on yields and yield components of soybean in a two-year experiment in Gleisdorf, Austria. The varieties Lenka, Naya and Xonia were tested in row spacings of 13 cm, 38 cm and 76 cm with 30 germinable seeds m−2. Additionally, 60 seeds m−2 were tested at 13 cm row spacing, and 38 cm row spacing was additionally established with N fertilization. Faster soil coverage was obtained with a high seeding rate or narrower row spacings. First pod height differed between varieties and increased with higher seeding rate. Grain yield was not affected by treatments but yield components differed. The widest row spacing resulted in a lower plant density but more pods plant−1, grains plant−1, grains pod−1 (in one year) and a higher thousand kernel weight (TKW). The higher seeding rate resulted in a higher plant density but less pods plant−1 whereas grains pod−1 and TKW did not differ. N fertilization did not affect the grain yield. Correlation analysis showed a high adaptability of soybean to different seeding rates and row spacings through modulation of yield components.
Labour Market Institutions and Amplification of Employment Fluctuations
Authors: Matsue Toyoki 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Labour market reforms have been undertaken to eliminate labour market rigidities in European countries since 1970s. The important features of the reforms are the reduction in adjustment costs and the introduction of fixed-term contracts (FTC). Some empirical studies point out that employment fluctuations have become more volatile after the reforms. This paper presents a model with FTC and analyzes the effects of the key features of the reforms. Numerical examples show that an expected productivity shock causes the oscillatory behaviour of employment. Moreover, a reduction in adjustment costs amplifies fluctuations. In the labour market literature, a number of studies point out the importance of trade unions in European countries. This paper also analyzes the effects of union influence, and the numerical examples indicate that the stronger union influence leads to larger employment fluctuations.
Long-term evolution of the subsidiary’s role: a qualitative perspective on a subsidiary located in Poland1
Authors: Dzikowska Marlena , Gorynia Marian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

So far, very little attention has been paid to the roles of foreign subsidiaries located in Poland and if or how these roles have evolved. Simultaneously, there exists strong empirical justification for assuming these roles have been evolving over the years. Through a literature review and empirical case study of a foreign subsidiary located in Poland, this study analyzes the evolution of the subsidiary role and indicates its relations with groups of external and internal determinants. The case study examines a 10-year period of operations of a foreign subsidiary active in the automotive industry. The results indicate that the evolution of the subsidiary role encompasses factors such as markets served, functional areas of operations, and complexity of operations. The presented case study describes the complex relations among factors related to the subsidiary, HQ, and environment concerning the evolution of the subsidiary role.
Changes in the expression of TLR2 during the intestinal phase of trichinellosis
Authors: Wojtkowiak-Giera Agnieszka , Derda Monika , Wandurska-Nowak Elżbieta , Jagodziński Paweł P. , Kolasa-Wołosiuk Agnieszka , Kosik-Bogacka Danuta , Hadaś Edward 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in fast activation of the immune response to a variety of pathogens, including parasites. In this study, we focused on TLR2, because this receptor is one of the best known and most frequently analysed members of the TLR family. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Trichinella spiralis on expression of TLR2 during the intestinal stage of infection.

Material and Methods
The experimental material consisted of isolates prepared from the intestines (jejunum and colon) of BALB/c mice infected with T. spiralis taken at 4, 8, and 16 days post infection.

Results
Our results based on quantitative real-time PCR showed that the mRNA level for TLR2 was statistically significantly higher in the jejuna of mice infected with T. spiralis than in this tissue of uninfected mice. In addition, the presence of TLR2 protein in the intestinal phase of trichinellosis was confirmed by a strong positive immunohistochemical reaction.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that infection with T. spiralis changes the expression of TLR2 in the small intestine of the mouse host and suggest a contribution of these receptors to the host defence mechanisms during experimental trichinellosis.
Potentials of artificial intelligence in construction management
Authors: Eber Wolfgang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) approaches have been developed since the upcoming of Information Technologies beginning in the 1950s. With rising computing power, the discussion of AI usefulness has been refuelled by new powerful algorithms and, in particular, the availability of the internet as a vast resource of unstructured data.
This gives hope to construction management in particular, since construction projects are recently becoming larger and more complex, i.e. encompassing more and more participants focusing on diverging interests while the given frames of time and budget are getting tighter. Finally, construction management is used to establish an efficient organisation of all these issues and able to predict the result with a high degree of precision and certainty.
This could be accomplished by the human mind when projects were smaller, but with the recent development human mind is clearly pushed to its limits. On this background, the possible support of AI to organisational tasks needs to be investigated on a theoretical level prior to developing tools. This paper is the extended version of the article ‘Artificial Intelligence in Construction Management – a Perspective’, presented at the Creative Construction Conference 2019 where the algorithmic and entropic scope of AI is investigated in the context of construction management. However, efficient organisation is about restructuring systems into a set of well-separated subsystems, where human intelligence is required to bring in mainly two higher principles which AI fails to provide: the ability to prioritise and creativity allowing for new approaches not derived from given data.
This paper additionally focuses on the aspect of in-situ coordination. This service is an aspect of organisation which is not separable and can therefore only be treated as self-determined subsystem, located outside of hierarchical control. At this point algorithms of AI need to be investigated not so much as to substitute human mind but to provide significant support.
Demystifying progressive design build: implementation issues and lessons learned through case study analysis
Authors: Shang Luming , Migliaccio Giovanni C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The design–build (DB) project delivery method has been used for several decades in the US construction market. DB contracts are usually awarded on the basis of a multicriteria evaluation, with price as one of the most salient criteria. To ensure the project’s success, an owner usually has to invest enough time and effort during scoping and early design to define a program, scope, and budget, ready for procurement and price generation. However, this process can become a burden for the owner and may lengthen the project development duration. As an alternative to the traditional DB, the progressive design–build (PDB) approach permits the selection of the DB team prior to defining the project program and/or budget. PDB has the advantage of maintaining a single point of accountability and allowing team selection based mainly on qualifications, with a limited consideration of price. Under PDB, the selected team works with the project stakeholders during the early design stage, while helping the owner balance scope and budget. However, the key to the effectiveness of PDB is its provision for the ongoing and complete involvement of the owner in the early design phase. Due to the differences between PDB and the other project delivery methods (e.g., traditional DB), project teams must carefully consider several factors to ensure its successful implementation. The research team conducted a case study of the University of Washington’s pilot PDB project to complete the West Campus Utility Plant (WCUP). This paper carefully explores and summarizes the project’s entire delivery process (e.g., planning, solicitation, design, and construction), its organizational structures, and the project performance outcomes. The lessons learned from the WCUP project will contribute to best practices for future PDB implementation.
Study to Develop a Co-Relationship between Water Quality and Land use Pattern as Index of Riverine Wetland with Statistical Approach
Authors: Biswas Roy Malabika , Kumar Abhishek , Ghosh Arnab , Roy Pankaj Kumar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This investigation additionally recognizes partner cooperation issue and furthermore to moderate the real issue through subjective and quantitative appraisal of riverine wetland. Considering a floodplain wetland in rustic West Bengal, the concentration was extended to perceive the type of wetland capacities as per the idea of individuals’ contribution by group examination. Be that as it may, NDVI was connected to ponder the total weeds condition into the wetland to decide the connection between Water Quality Index (WQI) with Normalized Difference Vegatation Index (NDVI) and its impact on valuation. In ANOVA, which is computed by MINITAB programming, centrality level was lower than 0.05 for each case.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for the treatment of primary lung cancer in recipients of lung transplant
Authors: Moore Assaf , Kramer Mordechai R. , Rosengarten Dror , Shtraichman Osnat , Zer Alona , Dudnik Elizabeth , Korzets Yasmin , Allen Aaron M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Lung transplantation is a life-saving treatment for patients with end stage lung disease. There may be a higher incidence of lung cancer in lung transplant recipients, and these cancers tend to be diagnosed at a more advanced stage. There is very little data on the safety and efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for lesions in the native lung in lung-transplant recipients.

Patients and methods
A retrospective chart review of all patients who have undergone lung transplantation and were treated with SBRT for lung cancer in the native lung in the Davidoff Cancer Center was performed.

Results
Four patients who were treated with SBRT to a total of 5 lesions were included. Two patients were treated without histological confirmation of malignancy. All cases were discussed in a multidisciplinary tumor board before being referred for radiotherapy. Standard SBRT dosing was used. Responses were assessed by imaging. Three lesions exhibited a complete response and two lesions had a partial response. The patients who had partial responses developed distant metastases and died shortly. No patient developed measurable toxicity.

Conclusions
SBRT is effective and safe for the management of lung cancer in lung-transplant patients. Standard dose and fractionation can be used.