bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Approaches to Predict Peak Demand Days of Cardiovascular Admissions Considering Environmental Exposure
Authors: Qiu Hang , Luo Lin , Su Ziqi , Zhou Li , Wang Liya , Chen Yucheng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence has linked environmental exposure, such as ambient air pollution and meteorological factors, to the development and severity of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), resulting in increased healthcare demand. Effective prediction of demand for healthcare services, particularly those associated with peak events of CVDs, can be useful in optimizing the allocation of medical resources. However, few studies have attempted to adopt machine learning approaches with excellent predictive abilities to forecast the healthcare demand for CVDs. This study aims to develop and compare several machine learning models in predicting the peak demand days of CVDs admissions using the hospital admissions data, air quality data and meteorological data in Chengdu, China from 2015 to 2017.Methods: Six machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) were applied to build the predictive models with a unique feature set. The area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), logarithmic loss function, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F1 score were used to evaluate the predictive performances of the six models.Results: The LightGBM model exhibited the highest AUC (0.940, 95% CI: 0.900-0.980), which was significantly higher than that of LR (0.842, 95% CI: 0.783-0.901), SVM (0.834, 95% CI: 0.774-0.894) and ANN (0.890, 95% CI: 0.836-0.944), but did not differ significantly from that of RF (0.926, 95% CI: 0.879-0.974) and XGBoost (0.930, 95% CI: 0.878-0.982). In addition, the LightGBM has the optimal logarithmic loss function (0.218), accuracy (91.3%), specificity (94.1%), precision (0.695), and F1 score (0.725). Feature importance identification indicated that the contribution rate of meteorological conditions and air pollutants for the prediction was 32% and 43%, respectively.Conclusion: This study suggests that ensemble learning models, especially the LightGBM model, can be used to effectively predict the peak events of CVDs admissions, and therefore could be a very useful decision-making tool for medical resource management.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) of Diabetics towards Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Yahya Abdulrahman Abdullah , Alsulaiman Alwaleed Mohammad , Almizel Abdulrahman , barri Abdulrahman Mohammed , Adel Fadwa Al 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective : To identify the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of diabetic patients towards diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in 50 randomly selected primary care centers and two university hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between May and December 2018. Diabetic patients ≥ 18 years old were enrolled in the study. A validated KAP-45 questionnaire was used to assess the KAP levels of diabetics towards diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. Results: A total of 313 participants were enrolled in the study. The majority were males 168(59.8%). The median age was 49 ±24, and the median duration of diabetes was 8 ±11 years. The average knowledge score for diabetes was good 10. While, the average knowledge score for diabetic retinopathy was suboptimal 4.5. The average attitude scores for both diabetes and diabetic retinopathy were suboptimal 0 and 2 respectively. The average practice score for diabetes was good 5 while it was low 3 for diabetic retinopathy. The most common barrier to comply with regular follow up was inadequate knowledge about the importance of periodic eye exam 47.1%(107). Conclusions: It is important to improve education and awareness of DM and diabetic retinopathy among diabetics, as it’s essential for controlling the disease and reducing its complications, by improving patient compliance to treatment and follow up.
Determination of efficacy and toxicity of diclofenac microemulsion formulation for musculoskeletal pain: an observational study
Authors: Banh Hoan Linh , Cave Andrew 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
OBJECTIVE : Musculoskeletal pain is often caused by injury to the bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments or nerves. Symptoms can be localized or generalized. Mild-moderate symptoms are treated with topical/oral over the counter drugs. Microemulsion delivery formulations are thermodynamically stable, have superior bioavailability and better penetration of lipophilic and hydrophilic drug into the dermis. A prospective observational study in patients: 18 years or older, with mild-moderate musculoskeletal pain; with severe pain without adequate pain control; with severe pain and could not tolerate oral agents; with renal impairment were invited to try diclofenac 2% in microemulsion foam. They were followed up at 2 and 4 weeks. A 50% reduction on a visual analog pain scale was considered success. Adverse events were defined as irritation, gastrointestinal upset/bleed, rectal bleed, and hematemesis. The objective was to determine the efficacy and toxicity of diclofenac 2% in microemulsion foam. RESULTS : Thirteen consecutive patients with musculoskeletal pain consented to participate. Two patients were lost to follow up. Two of the 11 patients reported minimal improvement, while nine patients reported minimum 50% reduction. No adverse effects were reported. Diclofenac 2% in microemulsion foam is effective in the treatment of mild to moderate musculoskeletal pain and well tolerated.
A pilot study on a potential relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters; Are there any event-related differences in 100-m and 400-m sprints?
Authors: Tomita Daichi , Suga Tadashi , Terada Masafumi , Tanaka Takahiro , Miyake Yuto , Ueno Hiromasa , Otsuka Mitsuo , Nagano Akinori , Isaka Tadao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective: This study examined the relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters. The leg bone lengths in 28 100-m specialized sprinters and 28 400-m specialized sprinters were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The lengths of the upper and lower leg bones were assessed by calculating the lengths of the femur and tibia, respectively. To minimize differences in body size among participants, both bone lengths were normalized to body height. The ratio of the tibial length to femoral length was calculated to evaluate the interaction between the lengths of the upper and lower leg bones. International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) scores, based on the personal best times of the sprinters in each group were used as parameters for sprint performance. Results: There were no significant correlations between absolute and relative lengths of the femur and tibia and IAAF scores in both 100-m and 400-m sprinters. By contrast, the ratio of the tibial length to femoral length correlated significantly with IAAF score in 400-m sprinters ( r = 0.445, P = 0.018), but not 100-m sprinters. These findings suggest that the leg bone lengths may play an important role in achieving superior long sprint performance in 400-m specialized sprinters.
A method to audit and score implementation of knowledge translation (KT) interventions in large health regions – an observational pilot study using rectal cancer surgery in Ontario
Authors: Simunovic Marko , Fahim Christine , Coates Angela , Urbach David , Earle Craig , Grubac Vanja , Brouwers Melissa , O'Brien Mary Ann , Baxter Nancy 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Across Ontario, since the year 2006 various knowledge translation (KT) interventions designed to improve the quality of rectal cancer surgery have been implemented by the provincial cancer agency or by individual researchers. Ontario is divided administratively into 14 health regions. We piloted a method to audit and score for each region of the province the KT interventions implemented to improve the quality of rectal cancer surgery. Methods: We interviewed stakeholders to audit KT interventions used in respective regions over years 2006 to 2014. Results were summarized into narrative and visual forms. KT experts reviewed these data and then, for each region, scored implementation of KT interventions using a 20-item KT Signature Assessment Tool. Scores could range from 20-100 with higher scores commensurate with greater KT intervention implementation. Results: There were thirty interviews. KT experts produced scores for each region that were bimodally distributed, with an average score for 2 regions of 78 (range 73-83) and for 12 regions of 30.5 (range 22-38). Conclusion: Our methods efficiently identified two groups with similar KT Signature scores. Two regions had relatively high scores reflecting numerous KT interventions and the use of sustained iterative approaches in addition to those encouraged by the provincial cancer agency, while 12 regions had relatively low scores reflecting minimal activities. These groupings will be used for future comparative quantitative analyses to help determine if higher KT signature scores correlate with improved measures for region-level quality of rectal cancer surgery.
Factors Influencing the Use of Reproductive Health Services Among Young Women in Nepal: Analysis of the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Thapa Naba Raj 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: About one fifth of the total populations are young people aged 15-24 years in Nepal. Utilization of reproductive health services is a key component for preventing young women from different sexual and reproductive health problems. Thus, the objective of the study is to determine the factors influencing the use of reproductive health services among young women in Nepal. Methods: Data is extracted from the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) datasets. In where the weighted sample population for modern contraceptive use is restricted to the 1593 young women, 1606 young women for the antenatal care and skilled birth attendants. And three reproductive health indicators were selected as outcome variables of reproductive health service utilization for the analysis- modern contraceptive use, at least four antenatal care visits, and use of skilled birth attendance in delivery. Likewise, all calculations were based on standard sample weight of Nepal DHS. Results: The study has found that 21% of young women used modern contraception, 71% attended at least four ANC visits, and 67% utilized a skilled birth attendant at delivery. Young women of Janajati, women who have 1-2, and 3 and more living children, women who participate household decision-making, and have exposure to media were more likely to use modern contraceptives, whereas women who want more children were less likely to use modern contraceptives. Higher education attainments, higher wealth quintile, and lower birth order were associated with higher level of receiving at least four ANC visits and skilled birth attendants among young women. But young women who wanted more children, and who have had access to media have higher odds of receiving at least four ANC visits and women who attend four and more ANC visits have higher odds of using skilled birth attendants. Conclusion: Cleared, to improve the use of reproductive health services among young women, efforts should be made to enrich target in the young women of low education level, low economic status, higher birth order, and low exposure to media. Further research is required to detect the barriers that effects use of reproductive health services among young women.
Effect of 1.8-mm steep-axis clear corneal incision on the posterior corneal astigmatism in candidates for toric IOL implantation
Authors: Li Xi , Chen Xiang , He Suhong , Xu Wen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: In the present study, we aimed to analyze the effects of cataract surgery using a 1.8-mm steep-axis clear corneal incision (CCI) on the posterior corneal surfaces based on the keratometry from the rotating Scheimpflug imaging device (Pentacam HR) in candidates for toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Methods: Preoperative and at least 1-month postoperative data measured by Pentacam HR were collected in patients for toric IOL implantation. Surgically induced astigmatism on the posterior cornea (P-SIA) was calculated based on the preoperative and postoperative keratometric data, and the related factors of P-SIA were analyzed. Results: A total of 60 eyes from 56 patients were enrolled. The preoperative anterior, posterior and total corneal astigmatism was 1.58±0.61 D ,0.28±0.22 D and 1.70 ± 0.52 D respectively. The postoperative anterior, posterior and total corneal astigmatism was 1.26±0.68 D, 0.41±0.26 D and 1.30 ± 0.51 D respectively. The astigmatism was significantly decreased on anterior surface (P＜0.001, paired t-test) and increased on posterior surface (P＜0.001, paired t-test). The mean of P-SIA calculated by Holladay–Cravy–Koch method was 0.34±0.20 D, with 0.5 D or greater accounting for 26.7%. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the P-SIA and preoperative anterior corneal astigmatism (r = 0.29, P=0.024), as well as preoperative posterior corneal astigmatism (r=0.27, P=0.038). Multivariate regression analysis showed the preoperative anterior and posterior corneal astigmatism had a significant effect on P-SIA (F=7.344, P=0.001). Conclusions: In candidates for toric IOL implantation with a 1.8-mm steep-axis CCI, the incision caused a significant reduction of the anterior corneal astigmatism but an increase of the posterior corneal astigmatism. P-SIA could not be ignored, and it played a significant role in SIA, especially in cases with higher preoperative anterior or posterior corneal astigmatism.
Telemedical care improves quality of life in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Stentzel Ulrike , Berg Neeltje van den , Strobel Lara N. , Schulte Josephine , Langosch Jens M. , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Grabe Hans J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are serious psychiatric disorders with a high disease burden, many years lived with disability and a high level of risk of relapses and re-hospitalisations. Besides, both diseases are often accompanied with a reduced quality of life. A low quality of life is one predictor for relapses. This study examines whether a telemedical care programme can improve quality of life. Methods: “Post stationary telemedical care of patients with severe psychiatric disorders” (Tecla) is a prospective controlled randomised intervention trial to implement and evaluate a telemedical care concept for patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Participants were randomised in an intervention or a control group. The intervention group received telemedical care including regular, individualised telephone calls and SMS messages. The quality of life was measured with the German version of WHOQOL-BREF. Effects of telemedicine on quality of life after 6 months were analysed using t-tests to compare the intervention with the control group. Participants also evaluated the telemedical care program based on a short standardised interview.Results: 118 participants were recruited, thereof 57.6% men (n = 68). Participants were 43 years old on average (SD) 13)). The IG showed higher QoL scores than the control group (CG) 6 months after the baseline for the WHOQOL total sum score (t-test (CI) 93.1 (92.4-93.8) vs 89.7 (88.8-90.6), p < 0.0001) and for 4 of 5 domains: global 62.0 (60.9-63.0) vs. 56.8 (55.6-58.1), p < 0.0001; physical health 63.8 (63.0-64.7) vs. 59.6 (58.5-60.6), p < 0.0001; psychological 60.9 (60.0-61.9) vs. 56.4 (55.1-57.6), p < 0.0001; environment 70.8 (70.1-71.6) vs. 67.5 (66.7-68.3), p < 0.0001).Conclusion: The Tecla telemedical care concept has led to improvements in quality of life for patients with severe psychiatric disorders. It provides a low-threshold and suitable component of psychiatric treatment. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00008548, registered 21 May 2015 – retrospectively registered, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/setLocale_EN.do
The features of polyglutamine regions depend on their evolutionary stability
Authors: Mier Pablo , Andrade-Navarro Miguel A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Polyglutamine regions (polyQ) are one of the most studied and prevalent homorepeats in eukaryotes. They have a particular length-dependent codon usage, which relates to a characteristic CAG-slippage mechanism. Pathologically expanded tracts of polyQ are known to form aggregates and are involved in the development of several human neurodegenerative diseases. The non-pathogenic function of polyQ is to mediate protein-protein interactions via a coiled-coil pairing with an interactor. They are usually located in a helical context. Results: Here we study the stability of polyQ regions in evolution, using a set of 60 proteomes from four distinct taxonomic groups (Insecta, Teleostei, Sauria and Mammalia). The polyQ regions can be distinctly grouped in three categories based on their evolutionary stability: stable, unstable by length variation (inserted), and unstable by mutations (mutated). PolyQ regions in these categories can be significantly distinguished by their glutamine codon usage, and we show that the CAG-slippage mechanism is predominant in inserted polyQ of Sauria and Mammalia. The polyQ amino acid context is also influenced by the polyQ stability, with a higher proportion of proline residues around inserted polyQ. By studying the secondary structure of the sequences surrounding polyQ regions, we found that regarding the structural conformation around a polyQ, its stability category is more relevant than its taxonomic information. The protein-protein interaction capacity of a polyQ is also affected by its stability, as stable polyQ have more interactors than unstable polyQ.Conclusions: Our results show that apart from the sequence of a polyQ, information about its orthologous sequences is needed to assess its function. Codon usage, amino acid context, structural conformation and the protein-protein interaction capacity of polyQ from all studied taxa critically depend on the region stability. There are however some taxa-specific polyQ features that override this importance. We conclude that a taxa-driven evolutionary analysis is of the highest importance for the comprehensive study of any feature of polyglutamine regions.
Fine Needle Biopsy of Malignant Tumors of the Liver: a Retrospective Study of 624 Cases from a Single Institution Experience
Authors: Zhang Lin , Cai Zhenjian , Rodriguez Joe , Zhang Songlin , Thomas Jaiyeola , Zhu Hui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Liver is one of the most common organs involved by metastatic neoplasms. In addition, a number of primary tumors can arise in the liver. Fine needle biopsy (FNB) is the most commonly used method for diagnosis of liver masses. Not much literature is available during the past ten years about FNB of liver tumors. All large studies were performed more than fifteen years ago. With the introduction of new disease entities, new tumor classification systems, and new diagnostic methods, updated documentation of FNB of liver neoplasms is much needed. Methods: Liver FNB cases that were diagnosed as “Positive for Malignancy” between 2010 and 2018 were retrieved from the cytopathology database in our institution. Patient medical records, cytopathology and surgical pathology reports, and slides from selected cases were retrieved and reviewed. Results: Over 30 different types of malignant tumors were identified in 624 malignant FNB cases, with the most common tumors being metastatic colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Rare tumors include EBV-positive leiomyosarcoma, mesothelioma, and paraganglioma, among others. A subset of patients presented with widespread metastases involving liver with no known history. Identify the primary sites in those cases can be challenging. We also found that in our practice, a significant numbers of hepatocellular carcinoma were diagnosed by FNB in recent years. Conclusions: A tremendous variety of neoplasms can occur in liver. Accurate diagnosis is essential for proper patient management. Familiarization with morphological features and judicious usage of ancillary studies are essential for accurate diagnosis.
Partial trisomy 4q and monosomy 5p inherited from a maternal translocationt(4;5)(q33;p15) in three adverse pregnancies
Authors: Zhang Jingbo , Zhang Bei , Liu Tong , Xie Huihui , Zhai Jingfang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Carriers of balanced reciprocal chromosomal translocations are at known reproductive risk for offspring with unbalanced genotypes and resultantly abnormal phenotypes. Once fertilization of a balanced translocation gamete with a normal gamete, the partial monomer or partial trisomy embryo will undergo abortion, fetal arrest or fetal malformations. We reported a woman with chromosomal balanced translocation who had two adverse pregnancies. Prenatal diagnosis was made for her third pregnancy to provide genetic counseling and guide her fertility. Case presentation: We presented a woman with chromosomal balanced translocation who had three adverse pregnancies. Routine G banding and CNV-seq were used to analyze the chromosome karyotypes and copy number variants of amniotic fluid cells and peripheral blood. The karyotype of the woman was 46,XX,t(4;5)(q33;p15). During her first pregnancy, odinopoeia was performed due to fetal edema and abdominal fluid. The umbilical cord tissue of the fetus was examined by CNV-seq. The results showed a genomic gain of 24.18 Mb at 4q32.3-q35.2 and a genomic deletion of 10.84 Mb at 5p15.33-p15.2 and 2.36 Mb at 15q11.1-q11.2. During her second pregnancy, she did not receive a prenatal diagnosis because a routine prenatal ultrasound examination found no abnormalities. In 2016, she gave birth to a boy.. The karyotype the of the boy was 46,XY,der(5)t(4;5)(q33;p15)mat. The results of CNV-seq showed a deletion of short arm of chromosome 5 capturing regions 5p15.33p15.2, a copy gain of the distal region of chromosome 4 at segment 4q32.3q35.2, a duplication of chromosome 1 at segment 1q41q42.11 and a duplication of chromosome 17 at segment 17p12. During her third pregnancy, she underwent amniocentesis at 17 weeks of gestation. Chromosome karyotype hinted 46,XY,der(5)t(4;5)(q33;p15)mat. Results of CNV-seq showed a deletion of short arm (p) of chromosome 5 at the segment 5p15.33p15.2 and a duplication of the distal region of chromosome 4 at segment 4q32.3q35.2.Conclusions: Chromosomal abnormalities in three pregnancies were inherited from the mother. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is recommended to prevent the birth of children with chromosomal abnormalities.