bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Older Adults’ Volunteering on Relational Satisfaction
Authors: Kim Meeryoung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Longevity is increasing in what is called the centenarian society. However, the average retirement age of Korea is the lowest among OECD countries. Because of increasing longevity, older adults need activities after retirement. Volunteering can be a substitute that allows Korean older adults to find a social identity. This study examined older adults’ volunteering and how many kinds of volunteering affected relational satisfaction differently. This study used the 6th additional wave of the Korean Retirement and Income Study (2016). The target population of this study was ages over 60 and the sample size was 280. For data analysis, multiple regressions were used. Demographic variables were controlled. As for independent variables, reasons for volunteering whether they were motivated for self or for others were used. For dependent variables, relational satisfaction, such as family, human relation and overall life satisfaction was used. Volunteers’ health is an important factor for relational satisfaction. If volunteering was self-motivated, satisfaction of both family and human relations were negatively affected. Reason for others also affected satisfaction of family and human relations negatively. Volunteering initiated by others increased satisfaction of family and human relations. Doing more than one kind of volunteering affected both satisfaction of family and human relations. For overall life satisfaction, the effect of volunteering for oneself was lower than other reasons. These findings implied that reasons for volunteering affected relational satisfaction differently. In addition, the activities of volunteering, such as taking part in one or more had different effects.
Age Differences in the Relationship Between Daily Social Media Usage and Affect
Authors: Lin Xin Yao , Lachman Margie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Social media platforms allow people to connect and share content online (e.g., Facebook, Twitter). Although older adults are becoming more frequent users of social media, there continue to be mixed views on whether social media positively or negatively impacts well-being. Past studies have mainly focused on cross-sectional analyses for individual differences. However, both the time spent on social media and one’s affect can fluctuate on a daily basis. Thus, it is important to understand how the relationship between daily social media usage and affect varies within individuals from day to day. The current study adds to the literature by examining whether daily variations in time spent with social media are related to daily positive and negative affect and whether there are age differences in these relationships. The current study used an eight-day daily diary from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Refresher dataset for 782 participants (ages 25-75). Multilevel modeling results revealed that age moderated the relationship between daily time spent on social media and negative affect: for younger adults, on days when they spent more time on social media, they had more negative affect. For older adults, on days when they spent more time on social media, they had less negative affect. Surprisingly, daily time spent on social media was not related to daily positive affect, nor did this relationship differ by age. Implications for future research are discussed with a focus on how social media usage can contribute to daily well-being for adults of different ages.
Technology and Social Isolation Among Older Adults
Authors: Dunatchik Allison , Jacobs Jerry 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we use time-use data from the US (2003-2018) and the UK (2001-2015) to address important questions about recent trends in social isolation and technology use among older adults aged 65 and over. Do new information, communication and robotic technologies contribute to growing social isolation among older adults or to growing opportunities for social connection? We believe that answers to these questions require a consideration of technologies that are already widely in use. We ask whether TV time is social time or whether people spend most of their time watching TV by themselves, whether this has changed over the past 15 years and what the potential implications are for wellbeing among older adults. The results show that TV time is a mixed experience among older adults. In the US and the UK, a substantial proportion of TV time – around half – is spent alone, with those who are not married, those in rented accommodations and those with poorer self-rated health spending more time watching TV alone. Controlling for demographic and household characteristics, TV time alone has increased in recent years, accompanying an increase in time spent alone in general in the UK and an increase in TV time in general in the US. Analysis of moment-to-moment wellbeing shows that individuals report lower positive affect while watching TV alone than while watching with others, suggesting the increase in time spent watching TV alone may have negative implications wellbeing among older adults.
Everyday Goal Pursuit in Older Couples: Lessons Learned From Electronic Daily Life Assessments
Authors: Garza Elizabeth Zambrano , Hoppmann Christiane , Ashe Maureen , Gerstorf Denis , Madden Kenneth , Michalowski Victoria 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Being able to progress on and accomplish personal goals is an important source of satisfaction and meaning across the adult lifespan and into old age. This study focuses on the importance of close others, such as spouses, for facilitating goal progress when individual resources may no longer suffice. We used multilevel modelling to analyze data from 119 couples (M age = 70 years, SD= 5.9; 50% women). Participants reported their personal goals at baseline and subsequently provided simultaneous ratings of goal pursuit, effort, and partner involvement three times daily over 7 days. Our findings show that more effort and spousal involvement indeed go hand in hand with better goal progress. More in-depth follow up analyses will pinpoint the role of individual and partner effects as potential mechanisms underlying contributions to everyday goal pursuit as well as address stress related processes.
From Their Perspective: Baby Boomers’ Health Information Searching Behaviors
Authors: Walkner Tammy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
People frequently turn to the Internet for health information, especially as they get older. But searches and results can be influenced by many factors including the comfort level for using digital technology, input from social connections, and personal knowledge. The Baby Boom generation is changing the age structure of the U.S. toward an older age demographic. Despite the significance of this cohort, little is known about how they apply health information to manage personal health. This study focused on Baby Boomers to increase knowledge about their health information searching behavior, the role social support plays in that behavior, and to better understand their perceptions of healthy aging. Social cognitive theory (Bandura, 2004) was the framework to investigate micro-level factors that may influence Baby Boomers’ decisions about health information and whether they apply that information for healthy aging. Findings confirm Baby Boomers use online health information to advocate for specific treatments and more appropriate medications, to change their diet and exercise routines as well as to maintain their quality of life as they age. They also routinely rely on social connections when gathering information and implementing changes. Knowledge about Baby Boomers’ health information seeking behaviors has broad implications for health care professionals, web page designers, policy makers, and others interested in promoting healthy aging. Insight into older adults’ perceptions about using newer digital devices and their perseverance to learn new procedures like accessing electronic health records may spark changes in the communication between health care providers and patients of all abilities.
Subjective Successful Aging: Factors Related to a Self-Rated Perception
Authors: Rodriguez Marlene Alvarado , Mendoza-Ruvalcaba Neyda Ma 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction Theoretical successful aging definitions may not consider the older adults perception′s on their own aging. The aim of this study is to analyze factors related to subjective perception of successful aging. Methods: Population based, random sample included n=401 community-dwelling older adults 60-years and older (mean age=72.51,SD=8.11 years,59.4% women). For measurement of subjective successful aging (S-SA), participants were asked to self-rate SA in a Likert scale: “do you believe/feel you are aging well?” Objective Successful aging (O-SA) was operationalized in accordance with Rowe & Kahn definition (no important disease, no disability, physical functioning, cognitive functioning, and being actively engaged). Sociodemographic and health data were also asked. Data were analyzed in SPSSv24. Results: In total 11% were successful agers according to objective measures, while 77.6% rated themselves as successful agers. In the Likert scale of S-SA, specifically 23.4% considered themselves as very much successful agers, 54.1% much, 20.2% somewhat, and only 2.2% said that not at all think they are aging successfully. Education was related to a better perception of S-SA, as well as life satisfaction (p=.000), better subjective health (p=.000), being a spiritual person (p=.000), and not feeling alone (p=.000). Age, marital status, sex, and life-long learning activities were not related to S-SA. Conclusion There is a disparity between subjective and objective successful aging rates Being a successful ager may have a different meaning for each person, and not necessarily involves established criteria. Criteria generated by older adults should be added in theoretical definitions and measures.
Emotional Tone of Dreams and Daily Affect
Authors: Richardson Cassandra , Vigoureux Taylor , Lee Soomi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
One theoretical function of dreams is emotion processing. However, few studies have examined how daily emotions in waking life (i.e., daytime affect) affect the emotional tone of dreams (i.e., dream affect) that night, and vice versa. This study examined daily bidirectional associations between dream affect and daytime positive and negative affect. Participants were 61 nurses who completed 2-weeks of ecological momentary assessments. If participants remembered the previous night’s dreams (nparticipants=50; ndays=268), they reported the dream’s emotional tone upon waking (‘0’=very negative to ‘100’=very positive). Participants also responded to a short-version of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale three times/day. Multilevel modeling was used to evaluate two temporal directions (dream affect→ daytime affect or daytime affect→ dream affect) at the within- and between-person levels. After adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, at the within-person level, daily positive affect was higher and daily negative affect was lower than usual on days following more positive dream affect (B=0.19, p&lt;.05; B=-0.26, p&lt;.05, respectively). When we added the other temporal direction, today’s positive or negative affect was not associated with dream affect that night. At the between-person level, nurses who reported more positive dream affect also reported more positive daytime affect (B=0.52, p&lt;.01), but not less negative daytime affect (B=-0.34, p&gt;.10). Findings suggest that dream affect is predictive of daily affect, but not the other way around. Future studies could further examine if emotions closer to sleep are more strongly associated with dream affect to motivate more precisely-timed affect interventions.
Social Support Changes in Response to Retirement
Authors: King Brittany 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Retirement is an influential life course transition, that has potential to impact overall well-being as well as our social lives. The extent to which our social lives are changed is dependent upon the resources available both pre- and post-retirement. Research on retirement has focused on how well-being is changed, through measures such as depression, and conceptualize social support as a resource that can help offset some of the associated negative consequences. However, it is unclear how that resource of social support is itself being impacted. This study uses 2008-2016 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data to assesses if how social support changes is dependent upon timing of retirement or whether the individual was forced to retire (N=1,933). Ordinary least squares regression (OLS) and marginal effects are used to assess the change in support and to test if the effects differentially impact certain groups. Preliminary results from this study show that men who have been retired for two waves report a significant negative change (p&lt;0.05) in their in-person interactions with children, whereas women who have been retired for the same amount of time report a significant positive change (p&lt;0.01) in their interactions with children. Additionally, women who are forced to retire report a significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in their in-person interactions with children. These findings suggest that factors such as timing of retirement and forced retirement are important factors in understanding how received social support changes.
Possible Selves Across the Lifespan
Authors: Chen Victoria , Light Alysson 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Possible selves are defined as “personalized representations of one’s self in future states” (Cross & Markus, 1991). Research has also found that thinking frequently about possible selves predicts lower well-being, whereas thinking clearly about possible selves is associated with higher well-being (McElwee & Haugh, 2010). However, possible selves differ across the lifespan (Hooker & Kaus, 1994; Cross & Markus, 1991) and life stages can impact exploration of possible identities (Arnett, 2000). Thus we hypothesize that the relationship between thought about possible selves and well-being differs across the lifespan. In a cross-sectional survey, 240 participants (age range: 18-92) reported on frequency and clarity of possible selves, as well as general self-clarity (Campbell et al., 1996). Results indicate curvilinear moderation by age of the link between possible self-clarity and well-being, with the association being stronger among midlife adults than among younger adults and older adults. Also, as clarity of feared possible selves increases, self-concept clarity decreases. Similarly, frequency of thinking about feared possible selves was negatively correlated with self-concept clarity. However, clarity and frequency of thought about hoped-for positive possible selves had no correlation with self-concept clarity.
Predictors of Psychologist Trainees’ Attitudes Toward and Interest in Future Work With Older Adult Clients
Authors: Caskie Grace , Voelkner Abigail , Sutton MaryAnn 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
By 2035, 25% of the growing older adult population may be in need of mental health services (Novotney, 2018; Vespa, 2018). However, only a small proportion of psychologists currently identify as geropsychologists; thus, the number of geropsychologists will be insufficient to meet these future demands. Identifying variables that explain the variability in current psychology trainees’ expressed interest to engage in future clinical work with older adults is important so that training efforts can be targeted and the number of geropsychologists increased. Based on a multicultural framework and intergroup contact theory, this study examined contact with older adults, empathy, and multicultural competence as predictors of counseling and clinical psychology doctoral trainees’ attitudes toward and interest in working with older adult clients. A sample of 311 doctoral trainees (234 clinical PhD/PsyD, 78 counseling PhD/PsyD) were surveyed online. Structural equation modeling tested the hypothesized interrelationships between study variables. The model showed good fit to the data (χ2(82) = 179.803, p&lt;.001, TLI=.93, CFI=.94, RMSEA=.06, SRMR=.06). Greater contact with older adults was significantly related to more positive attitudes about older adults and greater interest in working with older adults. More positive attitudes was significantly related to greater interest in working with older adults. Empathy was significantly related to more positive attitudes, but to less interest in working with this age group. Increasing the amount of contact experiences with older adults as part of doctoral training programs in counseling/clinical psychology may help to enhance trainees’ positive attitudes and interest in future clinical work with older adults.
Age and Cognitive Ability Predict Perceived Demands of Specific Emotion Regulation Strategies
Authors: Growney Claire , English Tammy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Certain emotion regulation (ER) strategies are often considered to be more or less demanding of cognitive resources. However, age-related differences in the perceptions of these demands are not yet understood. Older adults might perceive greater demands for certain strategies due to differences in cognitive ability and motivation to maintain emotional well-being. In the present study, we examined age and cognitive ability as predictors of perceived effort required to use ER strategies that span all families of the process model. A diverse sample of community participants (age 22-83) completed assessments of cognitive ability and perceived demands associated with ten ER strategies. Overall, response-focused strategies were rated as highest in demands whereas situation selection and savoring were perceived as least demanding. Older adults reported higher demands associated with situation selection, distraction, and detached reappraisal (but not positive reappraisal) compared with younger adults. Cognitive ability was not associated with perceived demands for ER strategies traditionally viewed as cognitively demanding (e.g., suppression). Rather, higher cognitive ability only predicted lower perceived demands for strategies often considered low in demand: situation selection and savoring. Perceived ER success was not consistently associated with age or cognitive demands. Results suggest that older adults view some, but not all, ER strategies as more demanding than younger adults do. The role of cognitive ability in age-related changes in ER may be more complex than previously expected. Notably, the lack of findings with perceived ER success suggest effort requirements associated with ER may not impede ability to successfully regulate across adulthood.
Age Moderates the Effect of Awe on Cognitive but not Emotional Well-Being
Authors: Bernstein Laura , Patrick Julie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Evidence suggests that positive emotions may broaden and build our emotional and physical health, and cognitive resources (Fredrickson, 2001). A growing literature shows that happiness and joy can be powerful means for growth. In contrast to happiness, which pushes one to expand and accommodate, research suggests that awe, that feeling of being in the presence of something immense or transcendent, prompts the urge to assimilate. Although promising, few examinations have included older adults and a limited range of positive emotions have been examined. Thus, we sought to address this gap in the literature by assessing the influence of age and awe on emotional well-being. Data from 180 adults (M age ~ 38; range 18 – 89) were used to examine the main effects of age and dispositional awe (Shiota et al., 2006), and their interaction, on emotional well-being. Only 12% of the variance was explained [X2 (DF = 9) = 344.27, p &lt; .001]. Awe was positively associated with emotional well-being (Beta = .280*), but neither age nor the interaction between age and awe contributed to the variance explained. We conducted a similar examination with perceived cognitive health [X2 (DF=9) = 337.09, p &lt; .001; R^2 = .235]. A main effect for age and a significant age by awe interaction uniquely contributed to the variance explained in cognitive well-being. A similar model was tested with self-assessed health as the outcome. Neither main effects nor the interaction emerged as significant. Results are discussed within the context of age-invariant contributors to well-being.
Emotional Salience and Interpersonal Problems in Depressed Older Adults With Personality Pathology
Authors: Aronov Avner , Geramian Helene , Ho Jennifer , Mak Wing Jin , Yenko Ira , Park Hyunyoung Ellen , Francois Dimitry , Zweig Richard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Research demonstrates reciprocal relationships between personality and depression as well as the important role interpersonal conflicts play, but rarely explores these risk factors in older adults. This study aimed to examine relationships of personality traits, processes, and the impact of emotional involvement and distress during an interpersonal conflict on depression in older adults. The study also investigated whether emotional involvement or interpersonal distress moderate the relationship between personality pathology and depression. Depressed middle and older adult inpatients (N=37; mean age=65.73, SD=7.81; 56.8% female; 86.5% White/Non-Hispanic) completed self-reports and interview-based assessments regarding personality traits (NEO-FFI Neuroticism, Agreeableness), interpersonal problems (IIP-25), and depression (GDS). Narrative responses regarding an interpersonal conflict were obtained and rated for contamination themes as well as emotional involvement and distress. Overall, findings indicated that living with others predicted higher depression (p= .046) and was related to higher neuroticism and interpersonal problems. Personality traits (Neuroticism) (r= .485, p= .001) and processes (Interpersonal problems-trend) (β= .307, p= .058), as well as higher levels of emotional distress (r= .486, p= .001) and involvement (r= .475, p= .001) in an interpersonal conflict were also tied to depression in bivariate but not multivariate analyses. The moderating effects of emotional involvement or distress on the relationship between personality and depression were not supported. Depressed older inpatients who live with others appear at higher risk of depression. Personality traits and processes may be more distal risk factors for depression. Findings are discussed in relation to stress generation as well as clinical implications targeting emotional regulation.