bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Weeks of Smoking Cessation Reverse Cigarette Smoke-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mice
Authors: Ajime Tom Tanjeko , Serré Jef , Wüst Rob C I , Messa Guy Anselme Mpaka , Poffé Chiel , Swaminathan Anandini , Maes Karen , Janssens Wim , Troosters Thierry , Degens Hans , Gayan-Ramirez Ghislaine 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Apart from its adverse effects on the respiratory system, cigarette smoking also induces skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction. Whether short-term smoking cessation can restore muscle mass and function is unknown. We, therefore, studied the impact of 1- and 2-week smoking cessation on skeletal muscles in a mouse model.

Methods
Male mice were divided into four groups: Air-exposed (14 weeks); cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed (14 weeks); CS-exposed (13 weeks) followed by 1-week cessation; CS-exposed (12 weeks) followed by 2 weeks cessation to examine exercise capacity, physical activity levels, body composition, muscle function, capillarization, mitochondrial function and protein expression in the soleus, plantaris, and diaphragm muscles.

Results
CS-induced loss of body and muscle mass was significantly improved within 1 week of cessation due to increased lean and fat mass. Mitochondrial respiration and protein levels of the respiratory complexes in the soleus were lower in CS-exposed mice, but similar to control values after 2 weeks of cessation. Exposing isolated soleus muscles to CS extracts reduced mitochondrial respiration that was reversed after removing the extract. While physical activity was reduced in all groups, exercise capacity, limb muscle force, fatigue resistance, fiber size and capillarization, and diaphragm cytoplasmic HIF-1α were unaltered by CS-exposure. However, CS-induced diaphragm atrophy and increased capillary density were not seen after 2 weeks of smoking cessation.

Conclusion
In male mice, 2 weeks of smoking cessation reversed smoking-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, limb muscle mass loss, and diaphragm muscle atrophy, highlighting immediate benefits of cessation on skeletal muscles.

Implications
Our study demonstrates that CS-induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and atrophy are significantly improved by 2 weeks of cessation in male mice. We show for the first time that smoking cessation as short as 1 to 2 weeks is associated with immediate beneficial effects on skeletal muscle structure and function with the diaphragm being particularly sensitive to CS-exposure and cessation. This could help motivate smokers to quit smoking as early as possible. The knowledge that smoking cessation has potential positive extrapulmonary effects is particularly relevant for patients referred to rehabilitation programs and those admitted to hospitals suffering from acute or chronic muscle deterioration yet struggling with smoking cessation.
Learning from Our Mistakes: Public Management Reform and the Hope of Open Government
Authors: Ingrams Alex , Piotrowski Suzanne , Berliner Daniel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn public administration today, many new reform ideas mingle, offering new diagnoses of governmental problems and courses of action. But scholars have highlighted reasons why we should doubt the optimistic claims of reformists. A new set of policy tools called “open government” arrived nearly a decade ago, and scholars have not yet explained its origins or prospects as specific approach to management reform. In this article, we address this lacuna. We compare open government with three other historic reforms, and analyze how likely its ideas are to bear fruit. In so doing, we introduce a framework for evaluating risks inherent in any new reform approach. We conclude that the challenges faced by open government are both new and old, but—like all reform approaches—they result from management challenges in reconciling competing interests and values that raise tensions and can lead to unexpected consequences. We argue that these will need careful attention if the open government approach is to have any hope of succeeding.
A new Canadian inception cohort for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: The Canadian Alliance of Pediatric Rheumatology Investigators Registry
Authors: Batthish Michelle , Berard Roberta , Cabral David , Bolaria Roxana , Chédeville Gaëlle , Duffy Ciaran , Gerhold Kerstin , Gerschman Tommy , Huber Adam , Proulx-Gauthier Jean-Philippe , Rosenberg Alan , Rumsey Dax , Schmeling Heinrike , Shiff Natalie , Soon Gordon , Bruns Alessandra , Tucker Lori , Guzman Jaime ,   for The Canadian Alliance of Pediatric Rheumatology Investigators
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The aim was to describe the design, methods and initial findings of a new Canadian inception cohort of children with JIA, The Canadian Alliance of Pediatric Rheumatology Investigators (CAPRI) JIA Registry.

Methods
The CAPRI JIA Registry was started in 2017 to collect information prospectively on children enrolled within 3 months of JIA diagnosis across Canada. The registry has a non-traditional modular design, with no artificially set times for registry visits to occur, streamlined multi-method data collection that requires 2–4 min per visit, and reports cumulative incidence of treatments, outcomes and adverse events calculated by Kaplan–Meier survival methods.

Results
A total of 166 patients, enrolled a median of 6 weeks after JIA diagnosis at 10 centres, were included. The median age at diagnosis was 9 years [interquartile range (IQR) 3, 13], 61% were female and 51% had oligoarticular JIA. The median three-variable clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score was 6.5 (IQR 4, 10) at enrolment, and the median time to first attainment of clinically inactive disease (CID) was 24 weeks (by 1 year, 81%). Within 1 year of diagnosis, 70% of patients had started a DMARD and 35% a biologic agent. The rates of adverse events and serious adverse events were 60 and 5.8 per 100 patient-years, respectively.

Conclusion
This streamlined and flexible registry minimizes the burden of data collection and interference with clinic operations. Initial findings suggest that treatments for newly diagnosed patients with JIA in Canada have intensified, and now 81% of patients attain CID within 1 year of diagnosis.
A mathematical model for simulating the transmission of Wuhan novel Coronavirus
Authors: Chen Tianmu , Rui Jia , Wang Qiupeng , Zhao Zeyu , Cui Jing-An , Yin Ling 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs reported by the World Health Organization, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was identified as the causative virus of Wuhan pneumonia of unknown etiology by Chinese authorities on 7 January, 2020. In this study, we developed a Bats-Hosts-Reservoir-People transmission network model for simulating the potential transmission from the infection source (probable be bats) to the human infection. Since the Bats-Hosts-Reservoir network was hard to explore clearly and public concerns were focusing on the transmission from a seafood market (reservoir) to people, we simplified the model as Reservoir-People transmission network model. The basic reproduction number (R0) was calculated from the RP model to assess the transmissibility of the 2019-nCoV.
Lung type II alveolar epithelial cells collaborate with CCR2+inflammatory monocytes in host defense against an acute vaccinia infection in the lungs
Authors: Yang Ning , Luna Joseph M. , Dai Peihong , Wang Yi , Rice Charles M. , Deng Liang 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARYThe pulmonary immune system consists of a network of tissue-resident cells as well as immune cells that are recruited to the lungs during infection and/or inflammation. How the two immune components cross-talk during an acute viral infection is not well understood. Intranasal infection of mice with vaccinia virus causes lethal pneumonia and systemic dissemination. Here we report that vaccinia host range protein C7 is a critical virulence factor. Vaccinia virus with deletion of C7 (VACVΔC7L) is non-pathogenic in wild-type C57BL/6J mice, but it gains virulence in mice lacking STAT2, or IFNAR1, or MDA5/STING. We provide evidence that lung type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) provide first-line of defense against VACVΔC7L infection by inducing IFN-β and IFN-stimulated genes via the activation of the MDA5 and STING-mediated nucleic acid-sensing pathways. This leads to recruitment of CCR2+inflammatory monocytes into the lungs to fight against viral dissemination.
The US federal crop insurance program: a case study in rent seeking
Authors: Smith Vincent H. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Rent seeking is endemic to the process through which any policy or regulatory initiative is developed in the USA. The purpose of this paper is to show how farm and other interest groups have formed coalitions to benefit themselves at the expense of the federal government by examining the legislative history of the federal crop insurance program.

Design/methodology/approach
The federal crop insurance legislation and the way in which the USDA Risk Management Agency manages federal crop insurance program are replete with complex and subtle policy initiatives. Using a new theoretical framework, the study examines how, since 1980, three major legislative initiatives – the 1980 Federal Crop Insurance Act, the 1994 Crop Insurance Reform Act and the 2000 Agricultural Risk Protection Act – were designed to jointly benefit farm interest groups and the agricultural insurance industry, largely through increases in government subsidies.

Findings
Each of the three legislative initiatives examined here included provisions that, when considered individually, benefitted farmers and adversely affected the insurance industry, and vice versa. However, the joint effects of the multiple adjustments included in each of those legislative initiatives generated net benefits for both sets of interest groups. The evidence, therefore, indicates that coalitions formed between the farm and insurance lobbies to obtain policy changes that, when aggregated, benefited both groups, as well as banks with agricultural lending portfolios. However, those benefits came at an increasingly substantial cost to taxpayers through federal government subsidies.

Originality/value
This is the first analysis of the US federal crop insurance program to examine the issue of coalition formation.
Hydrodynamic and thermal analysis of water, ethylene glycol and water-ethylene glycol as base fluids dispersed by aluminum oxide nano-sized solid particles
Authors: Menni Younes , Chamkha Ali J. , Massarotti Nicola , Ameur Houari , Kaid Noureddine , Bensafi Mohammed 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to carry out a hydrodynamic and thermal analysis of turbulent forced-convection flows of pure water, pure ethylene glycol and water-ethylene glycol mixture, as base fluids dispersed by Al2O3 nano-sized solid particles, through a constant temperature-surfaced rectangular cross-section channel with detached and attached obstacles, using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. Effects of various base fluids and different Al2O3 nano-sized solid particle solid volume fractions with Reynolds numbers ranging from 5,000 to 50,000 were analyzed. The contour plots of dynamic pressure, stream-function, velocity-magnitude, axial velocity, transverse velocity, turbulent intensity, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent viscosity and temperature fields, the axial velocity profiles, the local and average Nusselt numbers, as well as the local and average coefficients of skin friction, were obtained and investigated numerically.

Design/methodology/approach
The fluid flow and temperature fields were simulated using the Commercial CFD Software FLUENT. The same package included a preprocessor GAMBIT which was used to create the mesh needed for the solver. The RANS equations, along with the standard k-epsilon turbulence model and the energy equation were used to control the channel flow model. All the equations were discretized by the finite volume method using a two-dimensional formulation, using the semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations pressure-velocity coupling algorithm. With regard to the flow characteristics, the interpolation QUICK scheme was applied, and a second-order upwind scheme was used for the pressure terms. The under-relaxation was changed between the values 0.3 and 1.0 to control the update of the computed variables at each iteration. Moreover, various grid systems were tested to analyze the effect of the grid size on the numerical solution. Then, the solutions are said to be converging when the normalized residuals are smaller than 10-12 and 10-9 for the energy equation and the other variables, respectively. The equations were iterated by the solver till it reached the needed residuals or when it stabilized at a fixed value.

Findings
The result analysis showed that the pure ethylene glycol with Al2O3 nanoparticles showed a significant heat transfer enhancement, in terms of local and average Nusselt numbers, compared with other pure or mixed fluid-based nanofluids, with low-pressure losses in terms of local and average skin friction coefficients.

Originality/value
The present research ended up at interesting results which constitute a valuable contribution to the improvement of the knowledge basis of professional work through research related to turbulent flow forced-convection within channels supplied with obstacles, and especially inside heat exchangers and solar flat plate collectors.
Three-way formal concept clustering technique for matrix completion in recommender system
Authors: G. Chemmalar Selvi , G.G. Lakshmi Priya 
Published: January 2020

PurposeIn today’s world, the recommender systems are very valuable systems for the online users, as the World Wide Web is loaded with plenty of available information causing the online users to spend more time and money. The recommender systems suggest some possible and relevant recommendation to the online users by applying the recommendation filtering techniques to the available source of information. The recommendation filtering techniques take the input data denoted as the matrix representation which is generally very sparse and high dimensional data in nature. Hence, the sparse data matrix is completed by filling the unknown or missing entries by using many matrix completion techniques. One of the most popular techniques used is the matrix factorization (MF) which aims to decompose the sparse data matrix into two new and small dimensional data matrix and whose dot product completes the matrix by filling the logical values. However, the MF technique failed to retain the loss of original information when it tried to decompose the matrix, and the error rate is relatively high which clearly shows the loss of such valuable information.Design/methodology/approachTo alleviate the problem of data loss and data sparsity, the new algorithm from formal concept analysis (FCA), a mathematical model, is proposed for matrix completion which aims at filling the unknown or missing entries without loss of valuable information to a greater extent. The proposed matrix completion algorithm uses the clustering technique where the users who have commonly rated the items and have not commonly rated the items are captured into two classes. The matrix completion algorithm fills the mean cluster value of the unknown entries which well completes the matrix without actually decomposing the matrix.FindingsThe experiment was conducted on the available public data set, MovieLens, whose result shows the prediction error rate is minimal, and the comparison with the existing algorithms is also studied. Thus, the application of FCA in recommender systems proves minimum or no data loss and improvement in the prediction accuracy of rating score.Social implicationsThe proposed matrix completion algorithm using FCA performs good recommendation which will be more useful for today’s online users in making decision with regard to the online purchasing of products.Originality/valueThis paper presents the new technique of matrix completion adopting the vital properties from FCA which is applied in the recommender systems. Hence, the proposed algorithm performs well when compared to other existing algorithms in terms of prediction accuracy.
An examination of talent management processes in Australian higher education
Authors: Mohammed Atheer Abdullah , Baig Abdul Hafeez , Gururajan Raj 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the best processes that are currently used in managing talent in Australian higher education (HE) and to examine the policies in terms of talent management processes (TMPs) that are derived from objective one. Pragmatic benefits for academic institutions focused on enhancing talent.

Design/methodology/approach
This study selects the mixed method as its research design. In the qualitative study, there were three methods: brainstorming, focus group and individual interviews, followed by the quantitative questionnaire study. The sample consisted of 6 participants for brainstorming, 11 in focus group, 6 individual interviews and 286 participants for the quantitative questionnaire, all conducted in nine Australian universities.

Findings
Three key themes: talent retention, talent development and talent attraction were explored by the qualitative study. The quantitative study tests the level of an importance regarding the three TMPs explored.

Practical implications
This empirical research is one of the first few studies that extended the previous investigation of TMPs in various industries to the HE sector. This research provides more debates for adding more new ideas in the Australian education strategic plans for HE.

Originality/value
This study offers a value-add to talent management literature through designing a quantitative measurement of TMPs for the educational sector. Consequently, there is a deficiency of pragmatic evidence in terms of TMPs in the aforementioned sector. Furthermore, this study provides a clear and comprehensive outline of the extant scholarly research of TMPs from the period 2006–2018.
Business zakat compliance behavioral intention in a developing country
Authors: Saad Ram Al Jaffri , Farouk Abubakar Umar , Abdul Kadir Dzarfan 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThis study aims to examine the factors influencing the intention to comply with business zakat in a developing country.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 700 small and medium scale businessmen was drawn using the random sampling method. A total of 524 responses was analyzed using the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique.FindingsResults indicate attitudes toward zakat evasion, attitudes toward moral reasoning, peer influence, zakat knowledge, zakat distribution and perceived zakat board capital positively and significantly influence intention to pay zakat. Interestingly, the enforcement of zakat law was found to significantly influence intention but in a negative direction.Practical implicationsAccordingly, it was recommended for policymakers to pay more attention to policy formulation to the identified factors in line with the results so that zakat collection could be increased.Originality/valueThe study contributes generally to zakat compliance knowledge and specifically to zakat on business wealth in Muslim majority states in developing countries that are fighting against poverty. The PLS-SEM method and its application in the Islamic field study, especially on zakat payment has a limited discussion in previous studies, which is a unique contribution of this study.
A model to improve corn productivity and production
Authors: Suryani Erma , Dewi Lily Puspa , Junaedi Lukman , Hendrawan Rully Agus 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to address the corn productivity and production problem under the environmental dynamics to improve the productivity and production through the use of models and scenarios.

Design/methodology/approach
System dynamics simulation model is implemented to develop harvested area, productivity and production models. To improve productivity and production, several scenarios have been developed by modifying the model’s structures and parameters.

Findings
Some factors affecting productivity include soil nutrition, planting patterns, corn quality, irrigation, technology, climate, disease and pest attacks. Corn production after land expansion and intensification depends on the harvested area, productivity and rendement.

Research limitations/implications
The data and information used in this study were obtained from East Java Agricultural Department.

Practical implications
Corn productivity after land intensification would achieve 73.68 quintals/ha as the impact of structural and non-structural approaches implementation. Corn production after land intensification and expansion would achieve 10.2 M tons in 2030. Fulfillment ratio is above 100 per cent; however, the trend continues declining due to demand growth of 5 per cent and production growth of only 2.8 per cent.

Originality/value
The model development provides useful directions for modelers and holistic perspective to accommodate all problem elements. The case selected in this study (East Java) can be extended to other areas. Furthermore, the practical implications can facilitate decision makers in agricultural systems to improve the land productivity and corn production.
Balancing anti-money laundering measures and financial inclusion
Authors: Esoimeme Ehi Eric 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the anti-money laundering measures of the UK and Nigeria, to determine what the best approach is. The best approach is likely the one that strikes a fair balance between protecting the financial system against money laundering and promoting financial inclusion.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper relies mainly on primary and secondary data drawn from the public domain. It also relies on documentary research.

Findings
This paper critically analysed the anti-money laundering measures of the UK and Nigeria to determine that the anti-money laundering measures of Nigeria does not strike a fair balance between protecting the financial system against money laundering and promoting financial inclusion because it does not expressly provide for verification of a customer’s identity at the account opening stage for low risk accounts. The paper, however, determined that the anti-money laundering measures of the UK does strike a fair balance between protecting the financial system against money laundering and promoting financial inclusion because it requires customer identification and verification before the establishment of a business relationship for customers who want to open a basic bank account.

Research limitations/implications
This paper focuses on the anti-money laundering and financial inclusion measures in the UK’s Payment Accounts Regulations 2015 and the Central Bank of Nigeria’s (Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism in Banks and Other Financial Institutions in Nigeria) Regulations, 2013.

Originality/value
This paper offers a critical analysis of the anti-money laundering and financial inclusion measures of the UK and Nigeria as provided in the UK’s Payment Accounts Regulations 2015 and the Central Bank of Nigeria’s (Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism in Banks and Other Financial Institutions in Nigeria) Regulations, 2013. The paper will provide recommendations on how the measures could be strengthened. This is the only article to adopt this kind of approach.