bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating tertiary adrenal insufficiency in rheumatology patients on long‐term systemic glucocorticoid treatment
Authors: Sagar Rebecca , Mackie Sarah , W. Morgan Ann , Stewart Paul , Abbas Afroze 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivePatients with rheumatic diseases are often treated with prolonged, high‐dose systemic glucocorticoids which can cause hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis suppression and development of tertiary adrenal insufficiency. Adrenal insufficiency carries the risk of serious, potentially life‐threatening adrenal crisis. Our study evaluated the prevalence, characteristics and recovery of patients with underlying rheumatology conditions who had received prolonged glucocorticoid treatment.Design and patientsRetrospective, cross‐sectional study. We evaluated 238 patients seen in outpatient rheumatology clinic, managed in accordance with current nationally and internationally accepted clinical guidelines.MeasurementsData collected included patient demographics, historical steroid data, 09.00 h cortisol/short synacthen test (SST) results and follow‐up data on those with repeat assessments.ResultsOverall, 65% of our cohort had a 09.00 h cortisol <350 nmol/L. On SST, 43% of patients demonstrated evidence of possible tertiary adrenal insufficiency.Prednisolone equivalent dose at time of SST was significantly higher in the group who failed SST vs. those who passed; mean of 5.57 mg vs. 3.59mg (p = .005). 09.00 h cortisol result correlated with 30‐min cortisol on SST (R2 = .20, p = .002). 0‐min cortisol on SST correlated more strongly with 30‐min cortisol than 09.00 h cortisol (R2 = .59, p‐value < .001). Patients with 0‐min cortisol >350 nmol/L, all passed their SST.Patients who remained on prednisolone were more likely to recover (71%) vs. those switched to hydrocortisone (27%), P = .02. Peak steroid dose was predictive of recovery; significantly lower in those who recovered (mean of 22.3 mg vs. 33.8 mg, P = .03). Steroid duration was not found to be a predictor of recovery [recovery (64.2 months) vs. non‐recovery (55.6 months), P = .58]. There was no correlation found to outcome on SST with age, sex, peak steroid dose, steroid duration, underlying rheumatological condition, additional exogenous steroid use or serum sodium.ConclusionsForty three percent of our patients demonstrated sub‐optimal adrenal function on SST. Steroid dose at the time of SST was the only significant predictive risk factor for tertiary adrenal insufficiency. 09.00 h cortisol demonstrated good correlation with outcome on SST and could represent a valid screening test to reduce need for SST if 09.00 h >350 nmol/L. Further prospective data are required to further characterize risk factors, predictive features of recovery and establish optimal management strategy of steroids (prednisolone vs hydrocortisone) to encourage adrenal recovery.
Postoperative Komplikationen bei dermatochirurgischen Patienten im Rahmen der stationären mikroskopisch‐kontrollierten Chirurgie: Eine monozentrische epidemiologische Studie
Authors: Artamonova Inga , Schmitt Laurenz , Yazdi Amir S. , Megahed Mosaad , von Felbert Verena , Balakirski Galina 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundPostoperative Wundinfektionen (surgical site infections, SSI), Blutungen und Nekrosen sind mögliche Komplikationen im Rahmen dermatochirurgischer Eingriffe. Während für die Mohs‐Chirurgie (same‐day surgery) die Komplikationsraten gut beschrieben sind, ist für die in Deutschland etablierte stationäre mikroskopisch‐kontrollierte Chirurgie (next‐day surgery) die Datenlage begrenzt.Patienten und MethodikWir führten eine retrospektive Analyse der Patientenakten durch und bezogen uns auf die Patienten, die im Jahr 2017 (12 Monate) im Rahmen einer mikroskopisch‐kontrollierten Hautchirurgie in der Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie des Universitätsklinikums der RWTH Aachen (Aachen, Deutschland) stationär behandelt wurden.Ergebnisse319 Patienten wurden in dem untersuchten Zeitraum 528 dermatochirurgischen Eingriffen unterzogen. Blutungen und Nekrosen traten bei 3,8 % (20/528) beziehungsweise 1,7 % (9/528) der Eingriffe auf. SSI traten in 5,1 % (27/528) der Fälle auf. Das Auftreten von Blutungen war ein statistisch signifikanter Risikofaktor für SSI (p = 0,01). Darüber hinaus waren Blutungen, SSI und Wundverschluss mittels einer Vollhauttransplantation statistisch signifikante Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer Nekrose (p < 0,05). Diabetes mellitus und Immunsuppression erwiesen sich nicht als statistisch signifikante Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer SSI oder Nekrose nach dermatologischen Operationen (p > 0,05).SchlussfolgerungenDie Komplikationsraten bei stationären mikroskopisch‐kontrollierten dermatochirurgischen Eingriffen (next‐day surgery) sind relativ niedrig und vergleichbar mit den für die Mohs‐Chirurgie (same‐day surgery) beschriebenen Daten. Daher ist es wahrscheinlich möglich, einige evidenzbasierte, perioperative, für die Mohs‐Chirurgie entwickelte Empfehlungen auf die deutschen Standards für die stationäre Hautchirurgie zu übertragen. Dennoch sind prospektive Studien mit größeren Patientenzahlen erforderlich, um zuverlässige Empfehlungen speziell für die mikroskopisch‐kontrollierte Chirurgie der Haut (next‐day surgery) zu formulieren.
Diagnostischer Wert von Laborparametern zur Unterscheidung zwischen Erysipel und begrenzter Phlegmone
Authors: Drerup Christian , Eveslage Maria , Sunderkoetter Cord , Ehrchen Jan 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleDas Erysipel, hervorgerufen durch beta‐hämolysierende Streptokokken, und die begrenzte Phlegmone, häufig ausgelöst durch Staphylococcus aureus oder andere Bakterien, sind Infektionen der Haut und des Weichteilgewebes mit typischen klinischen Symptomen. Allerdings wird oft (etwa in klinischen Studien) nicht zwischen den beiden Krankheitsbildern differenziert, obwohl dies therapeutisch relevant sein könnte. Das Erysipel lässt sich mit Penicillin effektiv behandeln, während man für die begrenzte Phlegmone Antibiotika mit breiterem Spektrum benötigt. Diese Studie untersucht, inwieweit Parameter wie CRP, Blutbild oder neuere Parameter wie unreife Granulozyten als Biomarker dienen können, um zwischen den beiden Entitäten zu unterscheiden.Patienten und MethodenIn diese retrospektive Analyse wurden 163 Patienten einbezogen. Wir verglichen Laborparameter von Patienten mit Erysipel (n = 68) mit denen von Patienten mit begrenzter Phlegmone (n = 41). In allen Fällen handelte es sich um Infektionen am Bein. Die Diagnose „Erysipel“ beziehungsweise „begrenzte Phlegmone“ wurde klinisch gestellt, mit dem zusätzlichen Aspekt, dass ein schnelles Ansprechen auf Penicillin für die Diagnose „Erysipel“ sprach.ErgebnisseBeim Erysipel war die Entzündungsreaktion stärker ausgeprägt. Als die besten Parameter zur Unterscheidung zwischen den beiden Formen der Infektion erwiesen sich CRP und Leukozytenzahl. Ein CRP‐Wert von ≥ 3,27 mg/dl sprach mit 75 % Sensitivität und 73,2 % Spezifität für die Diagnose „Erysipel“.SchlussfolgerungenUnsere Ergebnisse stützen die in den deutschen Leitlinien vertretene These, dass das Erysipel und die begrenzte Phlegmone unterschiedliche Formen der Entzündung sind. Die Bestimmung von CRP und Leukozyten hilft bei der Differenzialdiagnose.
Borrelia burgdorferi in primär kutanen Lymphomen: eine systematische Übersicht und Metaanalyse
Authors: Travaglino Antonio , Varricchio Silvia , Pace Mirella , Russo Daniela , Picardi Marco , Baldo Antonello , Staibano Stefania , Mascolo Massimo 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDer Zusammenhang zwischen Borrelia burgdorferi und primär kutanen Lymphomen ist nach wie vor ungeklärt. Diese systematische Übersicht und Metaanalyse hat das Ziel, den Zusammenhang zwischen Borrelia burgdorferi und den verschiedenen Entitäten primär kutaner Lymphome zu definieren.MethodenElektronische Datenbanken wurden nach sämtlichen Studien durchsucht, in denen Borrelia‐burgdorferi‐DNA in Proben primär kutaner Lymphome untersucht wurde. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Borrelia und primär kutanen Lymphomen wurde mittels Odds‐Ratio (p < 0,05 signifikant) beurteilt; kutane Proben ohne lymphoproliferative Erkrankung dienten als Kontrollen. Eine sekundäre Analyse wurde zur Beurteilung der Prävalenz von Borrelia‐Infektionen bei verschiedenen Lymphom‐Entitäten durchgeführt.ErgebnisseZehn Studien mit 506 primär kutanen Lymphomen und 201 Kontrollen wurden eingeschlossen. Die Prävalenz von Borrelia‐DNA war in Studien aus verschiedenen Regionen sehr heterogen. Ein positives Ergebnis für Borrelia‐DNA war signifikant mit primär kutanen Lymphomen assoziiert (Odds‐Ratio = 10,88; p < 0,00001). Bei den verschiedenen Entitäten zeigte sich eine ähnliche Prävalenz von Borrelia‐DNA (Marginalzonenlymphom: 7,3 %; follikuläres Lymphom: 8,1 %; diffuses großzelliges B‐Zell‐Lymphom: 7,5 %; Mycosis fungoides: 8 %).SchlussfolgerungenBorrelia burgdorferi ist signifikant mit primär kutanen Lymphomen assoziiert. Dabei zeigten sich keine Unterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Lymphom‐Entitäten (sowohl B‐Zell‐ als auch T‐Zell‐Lymphome), aber deutliche geografische Unterschiede. Molekulare Tests auf Borrelia wären bei Patienten mit primär kutanem Lymphom aus endemischen Gebieten gerechtfertigt.
Dissociable changes in spike and wave discharges following exposure to injected cannabinoids and smoked cannabis in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg
Authors: Roebuck Andrew J. , Greba Quentin , Onofrychuk Timothy J. , McElroy Dan L. , Sandini Thaísa M. , Zagzoog Ayat , Simone Jonathan , Cain Stuart M. , Snutch Terrance P. , Laprairie Robert B. , Howland John G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere is significant interest in the use of cannabinoids for the treatment of many epilepsies including absence epilepsy (AE). Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) model many aspects of AE including the presence of spike‐and‐wave discharges (SWDs) on electroencephalogram (EEG) and behavioral comorbidities, such as elevated anxiety. However, the effects of cannabis plant‐based phytocannabinoids have not been tested in GAERS. Therefore, we investigated how SWDs in GAERS are altered by the two most common phytocannabinoids, Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), and exposure to smoke from two different chemovars of cannabis. Animals were implanted with bipolar electrodes in the somatosensory cortex and EEGs were recorded for 2 hr. Injected THC (1–10 mg/kg, i.p.) dose‐dependently increased SWDs to over 200% of baseline. In contrast, CBD (30–100 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a ~50% reduction in SWDs. Exposure to smoke from a commercially available chemovar of high‐THC cannabis (Mohawk, Aphria Inc.) increased SWDs whereas a low‐THC/high‐CBD chemovar of cannabis (Treasure Island, Aphria Inc.) did not significantly affect SWDs in GAERS. Pre‐treatment with a CB1R antagonist (SR141716A) did not prevent the high‐THC cannabis smoke from increasing SWDs, suggesting that the THC‐mediated increase may not be CB1R‐dependent. Plasma concentrations of THC and CBD were similar to previously reported values following injection and smoke exposure. Compared to injected CBD, it appears Treasure Island did not increase plasma levels sufficiently to observe an anti‐epileptic effect. Together these experiments provide initial evidence that acute phytocannabinoid administration exerts the biphasic modulation of SWDs and may differentially impact patients with AE.
Multifractal analysis of soil particle size distribution to evaluate the effects of gypsum on the quality of sodic soils
Authors: Liao Renkuan , Yu Haoliang , Yang Peiling 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSoil particle size distribution (PSD) essentially determines the soil's physical characteristics, including aggregate stability and porosity. Evaluating the PSD of sodic soils altered by reclamation is beneficial to the development of strategies for addressing land degradation. However, it remains unclear how to extract the features of PSD of sodic soils sensitively under gypsum reclamation. In this study, a total of 108 soil samples collected from a reclaimed sodic field were measured for PSD along with other soil properties, including hydraulic conductivity. Almost all the reclaimed sodic soil was measured to be silt loam, which was not obviously different from their original texture. The concentration, uniformity and symmetry of PSD of sodic soils have been quantified by fractal and multifractal geometry methods, in which the multifractal method provided more parameters than the fractal method to characterize the features of PSD more sensitively. The multifractal method offering predictive parameters (i.e., D1, D2, αmin and α0‐αmin) was able to significantly (p < 0.05) differentiate the features of PSD. The multifractal results indicated that the heterogeneity of PSD at 0–60‐cm depth was increased by reclamation, whereas the major particle size (silt) in these sodic soils decreased, and the combined treatment (i.e., using flue gas desulphurization [FGD] gypsum plus leaching water) created the most heterogeneous PSD. The redistribution of soil particle size caused by reclamation treatments resulted in the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties, showing increased soil aggregate diameter, raised total porosity, enhanced saturated hydraulic conductivity and decreased pH. The findings of this study bring a new opportunity to evaluate the effects of gypsum on the quality of sodic soils from the PSD perspective, which also provides a reference for evaluation of reclamation of other poor soils.Highlights
The quantification of soil particle size distribution (PSD) of sodic soils remains unclear.
A field evaluation using the multifractal method to characterize the PSD of sodic soil.
With the reduction of silt particles, the heterogeneity of PSD was increased by reclamation.
This study provides a new perspective for evaluation of the effects of gypsum on quality of sodic soils.
AJUBA: A regulator of epidermal homeostasis and cancer
Authors: Schleicher Krista , Schramek Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe epidermis, outermost layer of the skin, is constantly renewing itself through proliferative and differentiation processes. These processes are vital to maintain proper epidermal integrity during skin development and homeostasis and for preventing skin diseases and cancers. The biological mechanisms that permit this balancing act are vast, where individual pathway regulators are known, but the exact regulatory control and cross‐talk between simultaneously turning one biological pathway on and an opposing one off remain elusive. This review explores the diverse roles the scaffolding protein AJUBA plays during epidermal homeostasis and cancer. Initially identified for its role in promoting meiotic progression in oocytes through Grb2 and MAP kinase activity, AJUBA also maintains cytoskeletal tension permitting epidermal tissue development and responds to retinoic acid committing cells to initiate development of surface epidermal layer. AJUBA regulates proliferation of skin stem cells through Hippo and Wnt signalling and encourages mitotic commitment through Aurora‐A, Aurora‐B and CDK1. In addition, AJUBA also induces epidermal differentiation to maintain appropriate epidermal thickness and barrier function by activating Notch signalling and stabilizing catenins and actin during cellular remodelling. AJUBA also plays an imperative context‐dependent tumor‐promoting and tumor‐suppressive role within epithelial cancers. AJUBA’s abundant roles within the epidermis signify its importance as a molecular switchboard, vetting multiple signalling pathways to control epidermal biology.
In conversation with Nigel Scrutton
Authors: Dhillon Paraminder , Scrutton Nigel S. 
Published: December 2020

Nigel Scrutton FRS is Professor of Molecular Enzymology and Biophysical Chemistry at the University of Manchester and former Director of the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB). He obtained a first degree in Biochemistry from King’s College London and followed this with a PhD at the University of Cambridge. His doctoral research, undertaken in Richard Perham’s laboratory, yielded fundamental breakthroughs in enzyme redesign that have stood the test of time. Nigel was awarded a ScD degree by the University of Cambridge in 2003. After faculty positions at the University of Leicester, Nigel was appointed Professor at the University of Manchester in 2005. Over the last 15 years, he has cemented his reputation as a world leader in the fields of enzyme engineering and biocatalysis, synthetic biology, biophysics and biomanufacturing, notably by establishing and directing the Synthetic Biology Research Centre ‘SYNBIOCHEM’ and UK Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub. In recognition of his scientific contributions, he has received many academic awards and accolades, including being elected as Fellow of the Royal Society earlier this year. In this interview, he highlights how fundamental studies of enzymatic catalysis and mechanisms are driving key advances in biotechnology and biomanufacturing, and describes how the experiences and mentors of his formative years helped to shape his successful career at the interface between discovery and application‐focused science.
An overview of the methodology and general findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2018: Older persons’ health in Malaysia
Authors: Sooryanarayana Rajini , Wong Norazizah Ibrahim , Ahmad Noor Ani , Razak Mohammad Aznuddin Abdul , Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd , Chan Ying Ying , Omar Mohd Azahadi , Abidin Sheleaswani Inche Zainal , Bakar Faridah Abu , Aris Tahir 
Published: December 2020

AimThis article describes the methodology of the 2018 Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey, and provides an overview of the sociodemographic details of the respondents and key findings on the health of older adults.MethodsThe survey included 3977 community‐dwelling respondents, aged ≥60 years across Malaysia. Two‐stage stratified random sampling with selection of enumeration blocks from both urban and rural areas ensured the findings were representative of the Malaysian older population.ResultsComplex sampling analyses ensured that findings on various geriatric syndromes, non‐communicable diseases, nutritional status, functional status, social well‐being and quality of life are representative of the Malaysian older population. Among the limitations are that the composition of older persons varied slightly from the general older population.ConclusionsThis article presents the methodology of the survey, and a baseline of the major health issues for older persons in Malaysia to provide clear guidance to researchers, program managers and policymakers to fully utilize the data from the Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey toward achieving healthy aging. The findings might stimulate more research on the health problems faced by older people to provide inputs for policymaking and program implementation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 7–15.
Synthesis of β‐MoO3 nanowhiskers from core/shell molybdenum/molybdenum oxide wire by pulsed wire discharge
Authors: Chu Ngo Minh , Duy Hieu Nguyen , Do Thi Mai Dung , Nakayama Tadachika , Niihara Koichi , Suematsu Hisayuki 
Published: December 2020

Abstractβ‐MoO3, the molybdenum oxide phase with the highest catalytic activity, is a promising material in optical, chemical, and electronics applications as a replacement for α‐MoO3. α‐MoO3 1D nanostructures such as whiskers and fibers have been investigated and used in applications. However, difficulties in the synthesis of one‐dimensional β‐MoO3 have obstructed researchers in the study of its properties. In this research, β‐MoO3 nanowhiskers were synthesized from core/shell molybdenum/molybdenum oxide wires by pulsed wire discharge in mixed oxygen and argon gases. X‐ray diffraction analysis identified the main phase in the obtained samples as β‐MoO3. Electron microscopy observations revealed whiskers with an average length and width of 216 nm and 23 nm, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy lattice imaging confirmed the successful synthesis of β‐MoO3 nanowhiskers. Various models were considered to explain the formation of β‐MoO3 nanowhiskers, including mechanical fragmentation of α‐MoO3 layers as well as vapor‐liquid‐solid and vapor‐solid mechanisms. The phase transformation from α to β‐MoO3 under a nucleation process was explained based on the Mo‐O phase diagram. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of β‐MoO3 nanowhisker synthesis.
Tunable‐spectrum Mn2+ doped garnet transparent ceramics for high‐color rendering laser lighting
Authors: Cao Yangfei , Han Tao , Yang Jiayao , Peng Lingling , Cao Shixiu , Liu Bitao , Tian Zhongqing , Gao Wei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLaser diodes (LDs) packaged with transparent ceramics show the low thermal expansion coefficient and high thermal conductivity, but there is a problem of the low color render index (CRI) owing to the lack of red component in current transparent ceramics. Mn2+ doped garnet transparent ceramics with adjustable color from yellow to red have been prepared via a solid‐state reaction‐vacuum sintering process, which have a high transmittance of 78.6% at 800 nm. Two main emission peaks of this ceramic are monitored at 590 and 749 nm, and the gratifying luminous performance improvement is obtained due to the charge compensation effect, electron cloud expansion effect, and efficient energy transfer. LD system fabricated with the obtained ceramics and blue LD shows a high‐CRI of 80, low correlated color temperature of 4098 K, and good luminous efficiency of 96.91 m/W.
Influence of processing parameters on the microstructure of the eco‐friendly glass foam
Authors: Rangel Eduarda M. , Machado Machado Fernando , Osório Alice G. , Camaratta Rubens , de Andrade Mônica Jung , Pokorny Andrea , Bergmann Carlos P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEco‐friendly glass foam (GF) with a specific mechanical strength of 5.96 MPa g−1 cm3 and thermal conductivities between 0.131 and 0.282 Wm−1 K−1 was produced using fluorescent lamp glass residue (FLGR) and white eggshell as foaming agent (FA). The influence of the FLGR average diameter particle, the amount of FA, and the heat treatment on the GF final properties were evaluated. The highest expansion (500%) and the lowest density (0.24 g cm−3) were achieved using 32.90 μm mean diameter FLGR particles, 5 wt% FA, and foaming at 700°C. The produced GF showed promising application as porous building materials with load‐bearing function.