bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Requires Tracking: Noise and Knowledge Interact in Bilingual Comprehension
Authors: Blanco-Elorrieta Esti , Ding Nai , Pylkkänen Liina , Poeppel David 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Understanding speech in noise is a fundamental challenge for speech comprehension. This perceptual demand is amplified in a second language: It is a common experience in bars, train stations, and other noisy environments that degraded signal quality severely compromises second language comprehension. Through a novel design, paired with a carefully selected participant profile, we independently assessed signal-driven and knowledge-driven contributions to the brain bases of first versus second language processing. We were able to dissociate the neural processes driven by the speech signal from the processes that come from speakers' knowledge of their first versus second languages. The neurophysiological data show that, in combination with impaired access to top–down linguistic information in the second language, the locus of bilinguals' difficulty in understanding second language speech in noisy conditions arises from a failure to successfully perform a basic, low-level process: cortical entrainment to speech signals above the syllabic level.
The Spatial Distribution of Ocean Waves in Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Tamizi Ali , Young Ian R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe spatial structure of both the wind and wave fields within tropical cyclones is investigated using two large databases. The first of these was compiled from global overpasses of tropical cyclones by satellite altimeters. The second dataset consists of an extensive collection of North American buoy measurements during the passage of tropical cyclones (hurricanes). The combined datasets confirm the vortex structure of the tropical cyclone wind field with the strongest winds to the right (Northern Hemisphere) of the storm. The wave field largely mirrors the wind field but with greater right–left asymmetry that results from the extended fetch to the right of the translating tropical cyclone. The extensive in situ buoy database confirms previous studies indicating that the one-dimensional spectra are generally unimodal. The directional spectra are, however, directionally skewed, consisting of remotely generated waves radiating out from the center of the storm and locally generated wind sea. The one-dimensional wave spectra have many similarities to fetch-limited cases, although for a given peak frequency the spectra contain less energy than for a fetch-limited case. This result is consistent with the fact that much of the wave field is dominated by remotely generated waves.
Reconstruction After Salvage Total Laryngectomy: A Cost‐effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Acevedo Joseph R. , Yu Jeffrey C. , Cameron Brian , Nurimba Margaret , Hay Joel W. , Kokot Niels C. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the most cost‐effective reconstruction method after salvage total laryngectomy.Study DesignCost‐effectiveness analysisSettingTertiary care hospitals with head and neck oncologic and reconstructive surgeons.Subjects and MethodsWe constructed a Markov‐based decision model to compare reconstruction by primary closure to pectoralis flap and free flap after salvage total laryngectomy. The model simulated disease with transition probabilities and health utilities found in primary literature and estimated the average overall cost of each reconstructive method using Medicare billing codes. Effectiveness was compared using quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). One‐way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to scrutinize the conclusions of our model. Reconstruction methods were compared using incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs). In the United States, less than $150,000 per QALY gained is considered cost‐effective (2019 US dollars).ResultsOur base case analysis revealed that primary closure was less expensive ($44,370) and yielded more QALYs (0.91) than both pectoralis ($45,163, 0.81 QALYs) and free flap ($46,244, 0.85 QALYs), making it the most cost‐effective option. Between flaps, free flap was cost‐effective over pectoralis flap (ICER = $27,025/QALY gained). Sensitivity analyses showed primary closure as cost‐effective 69% of the time over either flap. These conclusions were sensitive to the health utilities (quality of life) of each method of reconstruction.ConclusionTissue flaps to augment closure after salvage total laryngectomy are not always the most cost‐effective reconstructive option. The long‐term morbidity of flap surgery oftentimes outweighs the benefit of lowering fistula rates after surgery. Careful consideration must be taken when advising patients of their reconstructive options.
Acellular Collagen Scaffold With Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor for Repair of Traumatic Tympanic Membrane Perforation in a Rat Model
Authors: Yao Xu , Teh Bing Mei , Li Huan , Hu Yi , Huang Juntao , Lv Cuiting , Bu Shizhong , Zheng Minghao , Shen Yi 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of acellular collagen scaffold (ACS) in combination with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for the repair of traumatic tympanic membrane (TM) perforation in a rat model.Study DesignA prospective controlled animal study in a rat model of traumatic TM perforation.SettingTertiary medical center.Subjects and MethodsSprague‐Dawley rats (N = 84) with unilateral traumatic perforation of the right TMs were randomized to receive ACS, bFGF, ACS in combination with bFGF (ACS/bFGF), or nothing (spontaneous healing without any interventions as a control group). The healing outcomes were evaluated by otoscopy, optical coherence tomography, histology, and transmission electron microscopy at 1, 2, and 4 weeks postoperatively. The hearing outcomes were assessed with auditory brainstem response testing.ResultsACS/bFGF resulted in higher perforation closure rates at an earlier stage than spontaneous healing, ACS, and bFGF. Based on histology, optical coherence tomography, and transmission electron microscopy, a trilaminar structure and uniform thickness with mature, densely packed collagen fibers were seen in the ACS/bFGF group. Auditory brainstem response evaluation also showed that ACS/bFGF treatment promoted faster functional hearing recovery as compared with the control group.ConclusionsACS is an effective TM scaffold and a carrier for bFGF. ACS/bFGF improves the TM closure rate, results in better‐reconstructed TMs, and improves hearing. ACS/bFGF serves as a potential substitute for TM perforations in clinical settings.
Valve distribution of the popliteal vein: A structural basis for deep venous thrombosis?
Authors: Ouko Innocent , Obimbo Moses M , Kigera James , Ogeng’o Julius A 
Published: July 2020

Objective To describe the relationship between number and distribution of valves. Methods Sixty-six popliteal vein specimens were used for the study after routine dissection at the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi. The extents of the popliteal vein were identified at the adductor hiatus and soleal arch, cut at these points and then longitudinally sliced open. The number and distribution of valves were then recorded. Data were presented using photomacrographs and tables. Results The median number of valves was 1 (mean 0.8; range 0–2), with the lower part of the popliteal vein as the most consistent valve position. Most striking was the valve absence noted in 27 (41%) of the veins. Conclusion These findings suggest that a significant proportion of popliteal veins do not have valves thus providing a credible structural link that may predispose the popliteal vein to deep venous thrombosis in the study population.
Correlation between sleep impairment and functional dyspepsia
Authors: Huang Zhen-Peng , Li Si-Meng , Shen Tong , Zhang Yuan-Yuan 
Published: July 2020

Objective Sleeping habits may greatly impact the prevalence of functional dyspepsia (FD). This study examined relationships between aspects of sleep impairment and FD. Methods This prospective study included university student volunteers. Following enrolment, FD was diagnosed based on the Rome IV criteria, dividing participants into an FD group or controls. The FD group was further subdivided into long-term (disease course >6 months) and short-term (disease course 3–6 months) FD groups. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire for Gastrointestinal Disorders in Adults, and a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results Out of 418 participants in total, sleep quality, latency, and duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, sleep medication use, daytime dysfunction, and PSQI scores were higher in the FD groups versus controls. Components of PSQI scores emerged as risk factors, and were higher in the long-term versus short-term dyspepsia group. Moreover, these components were positively correlated with frequency/severity of postprandial distress syndrome and early satiation. Total PSQI scores were positively correlated with VAS scores. Conclusion Several PSQI components are associated with FD occurrence, symptom frequency, and symptom severity.
Traumatic Meniscal Tears Are Associated With Meniscal Degeneration
Authors: Wesdorp Marinus A. , Eijgenraam Susanne M. , Meuffels Duncan E. , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M.A. , Kleinrensink Gert-Jan , Bastiaansen-Jenniskens Yvonne M. , Reijman Max 
Published: July 2020

Background: Meniscal tears are traditionally classified into traumatic versus degenerative tears. Although this classification plays a major role in clinical decision making, no consensus exists on the exact definition of a traumatic or degenerative tear, and the histopathological basis for this classification is unclear. Purpose: To assess the histological degree of meniscal degeneration in patients with a traumatic meniscal tear, as compared with intact meniscal tissue and osteoarthritic meniscal tissue. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Traumatically torn meniscal tissue was collected during arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. As a control group, intact meniscal tissue was used from transfemoral amputations or direct postmortem dissections. Meniscal tissue from osteoarthritic knees was obtained during total knee replacement surgery. Meniscal tissue was processed, stained, and histologically analyzed with the Pauli scoring system (range, 0-18), comprising the subdomains surface integrity, cellularity, collagen organization, and matrix staining. Scoring was performed by 2 independent observers, blinded to condition, region, and patient data of the meniscus. Results: The traumatic meniscal tear group contained 43 patients (34 men; median age, 29 years; median body mass index [BMI], 24 kg/m2); the intact meniscal tissue group, 8 patients (3 men; median age, 58 years; median BMI, 30 kg/m2); and the osteoarthritic group, 14 patients (4 men; median age, 66 years; median BMI, 28 kg/m2). After adjustment for sex, age, and BMI, patients with a traumatic meniscal tear had a significantly higher histological score than patients with intact meniscal tissue (2.7-point difference; P = .035). Histological score between the traumatic and osteoarthritic groups was not different. Conclusion: Traumatically torn menisci possess a higher degree of degeneration than intact menisci. Our results suggest that patients with a traumatic meniscal tear may already have had a certain degree of meniscal degeneration. These findings potentially challenge the classic view of traumatic versus degenerative meniscal tears. Clinical Relevance: Our findings provide a better understanding of the tissue condition of a torn meniscus. This knowledge may help clinicians decide on choice of treatment and may lead to new perspectives to prevent knee osteoarthritis in patients with a torn meniscus.
Impacts of COVID-19 on Youth Mental Health, Substance Use, and Well-being: A Rapid Survey of Clinical and Community Samples: Répercussions de la COVID-19 sur la santé mentale, l’utilisation de substances et le bien-être des adolescents : un sondage rapide d’échantillons cliniques et communautaires
Authors: Hawke Lisa D. , Barbic Skye Pamela , Voineskos Aristotle , Szatmari Peter , Cleverley Kristin , Hayes Em , Relihan Jacqueline , Daley Mardi , Courtney Darren , Cheung Amy , Darnay Karleigh , Henderson Joanna L. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives: The current novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a time-sensitive opportunity to rapidly enhance our knowledge about the impacts of public health crises on youth mental health, substance use, and well-being. This study examines youth mental health and substance use during the pandemic period. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 622 youth participants across existing clinical and community cohorts. Using the National Institute of Mental Health-developed CRISIS tool and other measures, participants reported on the impacts of COVID-19 on their mental health, substance use, and other constructs. Results: Reports of prepandemic mental health compared to intrapandemic mental health show a statistically significant deterioration of mental health across clinical and community samples ( P < 0.001), with greater deterioration in the community sample. A total of 68.4% of youth in the clinical sample and 39.9% in the community sample met screening criteria for an internalizing disorder. Substance use declined in both clinical and community samples ( P < 0.001), although 23.2% of youth in the clinical sample and 3.0% in the community sample met screening criteria for a substance use disorder. Participants across samples report substantial mental health service disruptions (48.7% and 10.8%) and unmet support needs (44.1% and 16.2%). Participants report some positive impacts, are using a variety of coping strategies to manage their wellness, and shared a variety of ideas of strategies to support youth during the pandemic. Conclusions: Among youth with histories of mental health concerns, the pandemic context poses a significant risk for exacerbation of need. In addition, youth may experience the onset of new difficulties. We call on service planners to attend to youth mental health during COVID-19 by bolstering the accessibility of services. Moreover, there is an urgent need to engage young people as coresearchers to understand and address the impacts of the pandemic and the short, medium, and long terms.
Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Italian version of the Brief Index of Lupus Damage: the BILDit
Authors: Elefante Elena , Tani Chiara , Santoni Adele , Lorenzoni Valentina , Stagnaro Chiara , Parma Alice , Ferro Francesco , Carli Linda , Signorini Viola , Zucchi Dina , Doherty Wendy , McSorley Mary Rose , Marconcini Luisa , Turchetti Giuseppe , Mosca Marta 
Published: July 2020

Objectives The Brief Index of Lupus Damage (BILD) is an instrument of self-evaluation of organ damage for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. The objectives of this study were the translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Italian version of the BILD (BILDit). Methods The process of translation and cultural adaptation followed published guidelines. The BILDit was pretested in a pilot study with 30 SLE patients in order to evaluate acceptability, reliability, comprehension and feasibility, and then validated in consecutive SLE patients attending our clinic. Results A total of 167 SLE patients were enrolled. In the pilot study, the BILDit demonstrated good acceptability, feasibility and comprehensibility and a very high degree of reliability (Cronbach’s α = 1). In the validation cohort, the BILDit showed a significant positive correlation with the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI; ρ = 0.69; p < 0.001). Analysing the item-by-item correlation between the BILDit and the SDI, a good correlation ( p < 0.001) was found for 73.1% of the items. In the multivariate analysis, the BILDit showed a significant positive correlation with age and disease duration ( p < 0.01). Conclusions The BILDit seems to be an acceptable and reliable instrument for patient self-evaluation of disease damage, with a good correlation with the SDI. It can be considered as a screening tool for the evaluation of organ damage starting from the patient’s perceptive.
Enhanced UV Resistance Role of Death Domain–Associated Protein in Human MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells by Regulation of G2 DNA Damage Checkpoint
Authors: Shan Zhiyan , Liu Li , Shen Jingling , Hao Haiyue , Zhang Honghong , Lei Lei , Liu Feng , Wang Zhipeng 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: Death domain–associated protein (DAXX) is a multifunctional nuclear protein involved in apoptosis, transcription, deoxyribonucleic acid damage response, and tumorigenesis. However, the role of DAXX in breast cancer development and progression remains elusive. In this study, we examined the expression patterns and function of DAXX in human breast cancer samples and cell lines. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression and localization patterns of DAXX. Additionally, we investigated whether DAXX played an intrinsic role in the cellular response to damage induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (isolated at M D Anderson from a pleural effusion of a patient with invasive ductal carcinoma). Results: Our results showed that nucleus size, chromatin organization, and DAXX localization were altered in breast cancer tissues compared with those in control tissues. Compared with cytoplasmic and nuclear expression in benign breast tissues, DAXX was colocalized with promyelocytic leukemia in nuclei with a granular distribution. Endogenous DAXX messenger ribonucleic acid levels were upregulated upon UV radiation in MDA-MB-231 cells. DAXX-deficient cells tended to be more sensitive to irradiation than control cells. Conversely, DAXX-overexpressing cells exhibited reduced phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) accumulation, increased cell survival, and resistance to UV-induced damage. The protective effects of DAXX may be related to the activation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-checkpoint kinase 2 (ATM-CHK2)-cell division cycle 25c (CDC25c) signaling pathways in Gap2/Mitosis (G2/M) checkpoint and ultimately cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggested that DAXX may be an essential component in breast cancer initiation, malignant progression, and radioresistance.
Computed Tomographic Validation of the Center-Center Radiographic Technique for Syndesmosis Fixation Axis Alignment in Normal Ankles
Authors: Haupt Edward Thomas , Monir Joseph George , Mansfield Mollie , Pollizzi Anthony , Nichols Jennifer A. , Reb Christopher William 
Published: July 2020

Background: Ankle syndesmotic ligament injury is an important factor affecting clinical outcome after lower extremity injury with as little as 2 mm of syndesmotic displacement leading to worse clinical outcome. One important factor is the appropriate placement of clamps and fixation across the syndesmosis. When not ideally aligned, these can result in malalignment of the fibula in the incisura. This study sought to provide computer validation of using the center-center technique to identify an ideal centroid axis for placement of syndesmotic implants. Methods: Thirty computed tomography (CT) scans of patients from July 1, 2016, to June 30, 2018, with normal syndesmoses were evaluated. Center-center and centroid measurements were drawn and compared on the axial CT images at 10, 20, and 30 mm superior to the tibial plafond. Three observers recorded measurements for the same 50 patients in order to compare interobserver reliability. Results: The difference between the centroid and center-center axis at each height level was a mean 0.4 degrees (range, 0.3-0.5 degrees). The center-center and centroid axis change by externally rotating as the height increases away from the tibial plafond with mean, 3 degrees (range, 0-6.1 degrees). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were measured at 0.98, thus demonstrating excellent intraobserver and interobserver reliability on these measurements. Conclusion: The center-center technique can be used to identify the centroid axis within an acceptable degree of rotation at heights above the tibial plafond that are relevant to an operating surgeon placing syndesmotic fixation. Clinical Relevance: Theoretically, this aligns the centroids of the fibula and tibia, which achieves the same ideal patient-specific alignment and raises the question as to the extent to which the centroid and center-center axes correlate in the general population. If present, a strong correlation has potentially high clinical importance when planning syndesmotic fixation.
Comparison of Patients’ and Surgeons’ Expectations in Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: MacMahon Aoife , Cody Elizabeth A. , Caolo Kristin , Henry Jensen K. , Drakos Mark C. , Demetracopoulos Constantine A. , Savenkov Aleksander , Ellis Scott J. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Aligning patient and surgeon expectations may improve patient satisfaction and outcomes. This study aimed to assess differences in expectations of foot and ankle surgery between patients and their surgeons. Methods: Two hundred two patients scheduled to undergo foot or ankle surgery by one of 7 fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeons were enrolled. Preoperatively, patients and surgeons completed the Hospital for Special Surgery Foot & Ankle Surgery Expectations Survey independently. Differences between patient and surgeon overall expectations scores, number of expectations, and number of expectations with complete improvement expected were assessed. A difference of ≥10 points was considered a clinically important difference in expectations score. Associations between patient demographic and clinical characteristics, major/minor surgery, and individual surgeon with differences in expectations were also assessed. Results: Overall, 66.3% of patients had higher expectations, 21.3% had concordant expectations, and 12.4% had lower expectations compared with their surgeons. On average, patients had higher expectations scores than their surgeons (70 ± 20 vs 52 ± 20 points, P < .001). Patients expected complete improvement in a greater number of expectations than surgeons (mean 11 ± 7 vs 1 ± 3, P < .001). Patients had higher expectations than surgeons for 18 of 23 items (78%). Items that had the greatest number of patients with higher expectations than surgeons were “improve confidence in foot/ankle,” “prevent foot/ankle from getting worse,” and “improve pain at rest.” Higher body mass index (BMI) ( P = .027) and individual surgeon ( P < .001) were associated with greater differences between patient-surgeon expectations. Major/minor surgery was not associated with differences in expectations ( P ≥ .142). Conclusion: More than two-thirds of patients had significantly higher expectations than their surgeons. Higher BMI was associated with higher patient than surgeon expectations. These results emphasize the importance for foot and ankle surgeons to adequately educate patients preoperatively. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective comparative study.