bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the morphological structure of Kuwaiti surnames
Authors: Almuhanna Amin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study offers a synchronic analysis of Kuwaiti surnames and shows that their morphology and their phonology abide by the grammar of Kuwaiti Arabic. Surnames can be deconstructed into prefixes, suffixes, and stems combining consonantal roots and syllabic patterns. The two most prominent prefixes are definite l- and derivational m-. Definite l- presents three set of allomorphs and connotes social prestige. Derivational m- forms active/passive participles and nouns of instrument/place. Surnames also include consonantal roots, sometimes shared by a derivational family of surnames. The diminutive pattern (such as calb ‘dog’ > cleeb ‘puppy’) and hypocoristic pattern (such as female given name xadiij-a > xadduuj(-a)) are the most frequent ones in surnames. Some facts suggest that word-to-word formation is at work in the diminutive of both surnames and words. The two most frequent suffixal strings, -a and -aan, can be traced back to several Kuwaiti and/or Modern Standard Arabic homophonous suffixes.
Conceptual Discrepancies in Russian and Western Approaches to the International Regulation of Cyber [Information] Space
Authors: Khasanova Liliya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
It is evident that at least several contradictory approaches have emerged from more than two decades of ongoing international negotiations aimed at regulating the domain that was created by information and communication technologies (ICTs). One notable aspect that has been overlooked is the difference in the language used by Russia and the Western countries, with Russia referring to ‘information space’ and Western countries using the term ‘cyberspace’. This paper aims to empirically examine this persistent use of different terms related to the ICT space and to reveal the increasingly contradictory realities that Russia and Western countries are seeking to regulate. I analyse international cyber governance documents and normative proposals from States, national legislation in Russia and the Western States, and place them in the historical context of ICT development in these regions to identify the key areas of conceptual discrepancies. I also describe the divergent perceptions of the regulatory space and the contrasting perceptions of the role of private actors in cyber governance. Building on these insights, I argue that there is a conceptual misalignment between Russian and Western approaches in terms of the legal object of regulation and its scope, as well as in the governance models applied in the ICT domain. These differing conceptions eventually contribute to conflicting institutional and normative approaches to international law.
Digital health interventions for adolescents living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries: A narrative review and logic model
Authors: Crowley Talitha , Weyers Leonie , Petinger Charné , Tokwe Lwandile 
Published: December 2024

The development of digital health interventions for adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains poorly understood due to limited research. This narrative review applies a logic model to synthesize evidence on the development and adaptation of digital health interventions for ALHIV in LMICs. The review identifies studies involving interventions such as mobile apps or online support groups from databases including MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS and gray literature. Grounded in the WHO framework for Youth-centered Digital Health Interventions, the model addresses health system challenges and links intervention components to process and health outcomes. Individual, family and environmental contextual factors are incorporated to enhance the model's relevance. This model serves as a guide for stakeholders, including designers, developers, implementers, researchers, and funders, in designing and evaluating digital interventions for ALHIV in resource-constrained settings, while highlighting key areas for future research and policy action. Registration N/A. Tweetable abstract A logic model for guiding the design of digital health interventions for adolescents living with HIV in low- & middle-income countries.
Geometric Morphometric Study of ear Shape in Four Chinese Ethnic Minority Populations
Authors: Li Haijun , Zhang Yameng 
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate how ear shape in adults changes with age and ethnicity among four Chinese minority groups: Buyi, Tibetan, Tu, and Salar. We employed a combined approach using linear measurements and 2D geometric morphometrics to comprehensively assess ear shape variation. Our findings revealed a significant effect of age on ear shape, independent of overall size. Specifically, older adults exhibited a slender helix and antihelix especially in the lower region. Interestingly, the helix showed elongation, while the antihelix became shorter, and the tragus position shifted upwards. While linear measurements increased with age, the overall size (centroid size) remained constant. Although ethnicity displayed greater variability in ear shape compared to age and size, our analysis using Principal Component Analysis and random forest models did not reveal statistically significant differences between the four ethnic groups. This study suggests that genetic factors play a relatively minor role in shaping ear variation, similar to other cranial features.
First Aid and Basic Life Support Training in the Wilderness
Authors: Fremery Alexis , Mutricy Rémi , Negrello Florian , Pujo Jean , Labrousse Thomas , Epelboin Loïc 
Published: December 2024

Introduction French Guiana is a French territory in South America covered by 90% of tropical forest. Despite regular first aid standards training, some of the workers in isolated areas remain untrained in common problems they may encounter. We present here the knowledge assessment of these workers concerning first aid and a new training program. Methods Thirty-two workers operating in remote areas attended a 1-d training course. The program covered infectious diseases, wildlife envenomation, and first aid and basic life support with a wilderness medicine focus. Questionnaires were issued to assess their knowledge and satisfaction with the course. Results The learners were 78% male and of intermediate age (26–55 y). The most common profession was forester (53%). Professionals had been working in remote areas for 12 (4–19) y, and 91% had already received first aid training. The common life-threatening emergencies were not well known; only 6 learners (19%) knew how to recognize a cardiac arrest, 7 (22%) recognized symptoms of severe anaphylaxis, and 23 (72%) performed maneuvers not recommended in cases of upper airway partial obstruction. A total of 26 learners (81%) completed the satisfaction questionnaire. The training met the learners’ expectations. However, 92% would like further training, and 96% requested regular renewal. Conclusions This training was the first step toward the creation of a specialized wilderness first aid course. This work supports the need to reinforce training for nonmedical personnel by integrating regionally specific topics. This experience permitted the rise of a working group that proposed a medical kit as well as first aid protocols for workers in isolated areas.
ADHD and Academic Performance in College Students: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pagespetit Èlia , Pagerols Mireia , Barrés Natalia , Prat Raquel , Martínez Laura , Andreu María , Prat Gemma , Casas Miquel , Bosch Rosa 
Published: December 2024

It is currently accepted that ADHD leads to important difficulties in the educational functioning of children and adolescents. However, its actual relevance on the performance of university students is not yet recognized in the academic milieu and University Management Foundations. Objectives: The present study performed a systematic review of the scientific literature that deals with the academic performance of university students with ADHD, collecting the research conducted between 2018 and 2024. Likewise, we aimed to know the factors that influence on academic performance and evaluate the tools used in the collection of ADHD symptoms and educational data. Methods: The electronic databases PubMed, PsycInfo, and Scopus were used to search studies using PRISMA guidelines. Quantitative studies selected had to discuss about academic performance in college students with ADHD. For each study, quality of evidence was examined using the Quality Assessment Tool of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Results: Fifteen studies with good-fair quality were included in the review. These studies demonstrated that an ADHD diagnosis or significant ADHD symptoms are associated with lower academic performance in college students, particularly those with inattention symptoms. Additionally, factors such as executive functions, medication use, and study strategies also influence the academic performance of these students. The most commonly used instruments for the assessment of ADHD were the screening measures ADHD Self-Report Scale and the ADHD Rating Scale—Self Report Version. To assess academic performance half of the studies collected the Grade Point Average directly from university records, while in other studies, students were asked directly for their grades. Conclusion: Overall, ADHD has a relevant impact on the academic performance of university students, but the evaluation methodology used has some differences with respect to child’s evaluations procedures. Therefore, studies in this population must include not only self-reported symptomatology, but also assessments from clinicians specialized in adult ADHD.
Epstein-Barr virus infection in patients with MOGAD
Authors: Maniscalco Giorgia T , Dinoto Alessandro , Foglia Maria C , Di Battista Maria E , Moreggia Ornella , Di Giulio Cesare Daniele , Williams Michela , Rossi Francesca W , Carta Sara , Chiodega Vanessa , Ferrari Sergio , Viola Assunta , de Paulis Amato , Andreone Vincenzo , Mariotto Sara 
Published: December 2024

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection increases the risk of having multiple sclerosis (MS). Data on adults with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are lacking. Objective: To compare EBV serological status in MOGAD versus MS. Methods: We measured antibodies to Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA-1) and viral capsid antigen (VCA) antigens in 129 patients (MS = 74, MOGAD = 55) by chemiluminescence immunoassays. Results: VCA-IgG were detected in 97.3% of MS and 96.4% of MOGAD cases, while EBNA-1-IgG in 97.3% of MS and 80% of MOGAD ( p = 0.001). EBNA-1 ( p < 0.001) and VCA ( p = 0.03) antibodies levels were higher in MS patients. Conclusion: EBV antibodies are higher in MS versus MOGAD, suggesting a possible different role of EBV in the pathogenesis of the two conditions.
Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content, Lipophilic Components, and Antioxidant Activities of Capsicum annuum Varieties Grown in Omo Nada, Jimma, Ethiopia
Authors: Kebu Zemani , Gure Abera , Molole Guyo Jilo 
Published: December 2024

Objective This study aimed to determine total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), lipophilic components, and antioxidant activities of Capsicum annuum L. varieties grown in Omo Nada, Jimma, Ethiopia. Methods Fresh, ripe fruits from three commonly cultivated varieties of C. annuum – Mareko Fana, Kolesha, and Gojeb – were investigated. TPC and TFC were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetry methods in methanol and chloroform extracts, expressed as mg gallic acid equivalents (mg GAE/g) and mg quercetin equivalents (mg QE/g), respectively. Lipophilic components were identified in n-hexane extracts using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant activities were assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Results Methanol extracts had the highest TPC and TFC across all varieties, with Gojeb exhibiting the highest values (TPC: 22.98 ± 0.08 mg GAE/g; TFC: 7.67 ± 0.07 mg QE/g). GC-MS analysis identified 80 distinct compounds in n-hexane extracts, with m-xylene and p-xylene (6.68-16.82%), capsaicin (4.22-11.25%), dihydrocapsaicin (2.12-8.24%), vitamin E (5.32-14.72%) and (24R)-stigmast-5 -en-3beta-ol (2.19-6.20%) being among the major components across all varieties. The DPPH assay revealed that methanol extracts of Gojeb had the strongest antioxidant activity with EC50 values of 0.40 ± 0.04 mg/mL. Moreover, the EC50 showed strong negative correlation with TPC ((r = −0.87). Conclusion The methanol extracts of C. annuum varieties, especially Gojeb, exhibited high TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity, highlighting its importance as potential sources of natural antioxidants in food or pharmaceutical industries. Despite their lower antioxidant activities, the n-hexane extracts contain valuable health-promoting compounds. Further research, involving chemical isolation and additional bioanalysis could give more insight about the health benefits of the C. annuum varieties investigated.
Impact of the Number of Patellar Dislocations on Outcomes of Isolated Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Ryskamp David , Meeks Brett D. , Gonzalez Roberto , Cavendish Parker A. , Milliron Eric , DiBartola Alex C. , Duerr Robert A. , Flanigan David C. , Magnussen Robert A. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Patellar dislocation is a common knee injury and up to 35% of those who dislocate the patella can develop recurrent patellar instability. In the setting of recurrent instability, medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is often performed to restore knee stability. There has been recent interest in patient and surgical factors that influence outcomes of MPFL reconstruction. Much of the previous work has focused on influences of anatomic measures; however, patients and injury characteristics may also impact surgical outcomes. Hypothesis: Patients who experience >2 patellar dislocations before MPFL reconstruction would demonstrate poorer patient-reported outcomes (PROs) compared with those with ≤2 previous dislocations. Study design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Records were reviewed to identify patients who underwent MPFL reconstruction at a single institution between 2008 and 2016. Patients who underwent concomitant tibial tubercle osteotomy or fixation of an osteochondral fracture were excluded. Patient demographics (age, sex, body mass index [BMI]), number of previous patellar dislocations, and patient anatomic measures (Caton-Deschamps index (CDI), tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, and trochlear sulcus angle) were collected. PROs were assessed with Norwich Patellar Instability score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Marx activity score. Outcomes of patients with >2 patellar dislocations were compared with those with ≤2 dislocations using multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Medical record review revealed 160 patients who underwent isolated MPFL reconstruction (71 with ≥2 dislocations and 89 with >2 dislocations); 95 patients (59%) completed PROs at a median follow-up of 4.6 years postoperation (range, 1.0-12.6 years). Patients with ≥2 dislocations were younger (≥2 dislocations: 20.7 ± 7.3 years, >2 dislocations: 28.5 ± 10.0 years; P < .001), although there were no other differences in demographics or radiographic anatomic measures between groups. Adjusting for age, sex, BMI, CDI, TT-TG distance, and trochlear sulcus angle, patients with >2 dislocations had 13.7 points lower KOOS-Pain ( P = .003), 8.3 points lower KOOS-Activities of Daily Living ( P = .025), 18.2 points lower KOOS-Sports and Recreation ( P = .009), and 19.8 points lower KOOS-Knee-Related Quality of Life ( P = .008) subscale scores than patients with ≤2 dislocations. No significant differences in KOOS symptoms subscale, Norwich Patellar Instability, or Marx score were noted between groups. Conclusion: Patients with >2 patellar dislocations before MPFL reconstruction exhibited poorer PROs at a median of 4.8 years postoperation compared with those who had ≤2 dislocations before surgery, when adjusting for age, sex, BMI, CDI, TT-TG distance, and trochlear sulcus angle.
Translation and Validation of the Spanish Version of the Banff Patellofemoral Instability Instrument 2.0
Authors: Martinez-Cano Juan Pablo , Iversen Maura D. , Gallego Alejandro , Alfonso Gallon Luis , Askenberger Marie , von Heideken Johan 
Published: December 2024

Background: The Banff Patellofemoral Instability Instrument (BPII) 2.0 is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) tailored specifically for patellofemoral instability. The BPII 2.0 was developed in English and has been validated for adolescents and translated into several languages, but not into Spanish. Purpose/Hypothesis: This investigation involved translating the BPII 2.0 into Spanish and evaluating and validating its psychometric properties. It was hypothesized that there would be a moderate correlation between the Spanish BPII 2.0 and the Spanish version of the Kujala score. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The BPII 2.0 underwent forward and backward translations into Colombian Spanish according to the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instrument guidelines. Colombian patients aged 9 to 18 years who experienced knee symptoms after a primary or recurrent patellar dislocation were recruited from a hospital-based orthopaedic clinic. Participants completed the Spanish BPII 2.0 and the Kujala score during their initial visit (t0) and the Spanish BPII 2.0 again 1 week later (t1). Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Concurrent validity of the Spanish BPII 2.0 with the Kujala score was explored through Pearson correlation analysis. Results: A total of 46 participants (31 [67%] female; mean age, 15.1 ± 2.0 years) were included. The mean time since first patellofemoral dislocation was 22 ± 28 months. Of the 4 participants who received operative treatment for patellar instability, the mean time since surgery was 12 months (range, 7-18 months). All patients completed the BPII 2.0 at t0 and at t1, a mean of 7 days later (range, 6-7 days), and 45 (98%) participants completed the Kujala score at t0. Five Spanish BPII 2.0 items exhibited floor or ceiling effects, however no subscales demonstrated these effects. Th Spanish BPII 2.0 demonstrated excellent internal consistency at both t0 (ICC, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.96) and t1 (ICC, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.97), along with excellent test-retest reliability (ICC, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99). Concurrent validity of the Spanish BPII 2.0 with the Spanish Kujala score was good to strong ( r = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57-0.85). Conclusion: The Spanish BPII 2.0 had excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability, suggesting this PROM is a reliable and valid questionnaire.
Knotless Suture Anchors Display Favorable Elongation but an Inferior Ultimate Failure Load Versus Titanium Suture Anchors and All-Suture Anchors: A Biomechanical Comparison in a Porcine Model
Authors: Deichsel Adrian , Rolf Jana , Raschke Michael J. , Milstrey Alexander , Klimek Matthias , Peez Christian , Herbst Elmar , Kittl Christoph 
Published: December 2024

Background: Several types of suture anchors, which differ in their working principles, are available for fixation of ligamentous structures in knee surgery. How the choice of a suture anchor type influences the biomechanical stability of ligament fixation is largely unknown. Purpose: To compare the biomechanical properties of different suture anchor designs regarding primary stability for tendon fixation and repair in medial collateral ligament (MCL) surgery. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: The primary stability of MCL fixation was assessed in a porcine model utilizing 1 of 3 suture anchor types: a 5.5-mm titanium suture anchor (TSA), a 2.8-mm all-suture anchor (ASA), or a 5.5-mm polyether ether ketone knotless suture anchor (KLSA). Primary stability was assessed using a uniaxial material testing machine. Cyclic loading at 50 N and 100 N was applied for 500 cycles each, followed by a load-to-failure test. Results: After 500 cycles at 50 N, the KLSA (2.4 ± 0.3 mm) showed significantly ( P < .05) reduced elongation in comparison to the TSA (4.0 ± 0.9 mm) and ASA (3.6 ± 0.7 mm), and after 500 cycles at 100 N, the KLSA (6.5 ± 1.4 mm) again showed significantly ( P < .05) reduced elongation in comparison to the TSA (11.0 ± 2.2 mm) and ASA (12.0 ± 3.6 mm). However, the KLSA (213 ± 27 N) showed a significantly ( P < .05) inferior ultimate failure load in comparison to the TSA (300 ± 20 N) and ASA (348 ± 23 N). In comparison to the TSA (113.0 ± 11.0 N/mm) and ASA (113.6 ± 14.4 N/mm), the KLSA (150.7 ± 11.6 N/mm) displayed the highest stiffness ( P < .05). No significant differences were observed regarding yield load. Conclusion: KLSAs displayed significantly reduced elongation, at the cost of a reduced ultimate failure load, in comparison to TSAs and ASAs. Clinical Relevance: Surgeons should be aware that differences exist between different suture anchor types regarding their biomechanical stability. KLSAs may be favorable for fixation of peripheral ligaments in knee surgery.
Effects of Low-Load Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscle Volume After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Qiuxiang , Zhang Yuping , Qin Jiawei , Wu Fuchun 
Published: December 2024

Background: After anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR), the function and strength of the quadriceps muscle are essential for a successful recovery. Low-load blood flow restriction training (LL-BFRT) is believed to reduce muscle atrophy and restore muscle function. Purpose: To systematically analyze the evidence on the effectiveness of LL-BFRT in early rehabilitation after ACLR. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted consistent with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Comprehensive literature searches were performed in several electronic databases—including Cochrane Library (trials), PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Sinomed—from inception to October 1, 2023. Included were randomized controlled trials in Chinese and English comparing LL-BFRT within 6 weeks after ACLR with conventional rehabilitation training. Bias risk was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2 tool. The outcomes measured were quadriceps muscle size, knee joint functional scores, balance function, and complications. The effects of LL-BFRT versus conventional rehabilitation were analyzed using standardized mean differences (SMDs) or weighted mean differences (WMDs). Results: A total of 362 studies were initially identified, and 8 were included for analysis. LL-BFRT was significantly more effective in improving quadriceps muscle volume (SMD, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.08 to 0.66]; P = .01) and Lysholm scores (SMD, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.43 to 1.05]; P < .0001) compared with conventional rehabilitation training. However, no significant improvements were observed in the 3 directions of the Y-balance test: anterior (WMD, 0.55 [95% CI, –6.37 to 7.46]; P = .88), posteromedial (WMD, –2.24 [95% CI, –8.76 to 4.29]; P = .50), and posterolateral (WMD, 0.02 [95% CI, –13 to 13.03]; P = 1.0). No complications were reported in any of the included studies. Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis suggested that LL-BFRT within 6 weeks after ACLR has a more pronounced effect on increasing quadriceps muscle volume and improving Lysholm scores compared with conventional rehabilitation training, with no apparent complications.