bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid repeatable phenotypic and genomic adaptation following multiple introductions
Authors: van Boheemen Lotte A. , Hodgins Kathryn A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUncovering the genomic basis of repeated adaption can provide important insights into the constraints and biases that limit the diversity of genetic responses. Demographic processes such as admixture or bottlenecks affect genetic variation underlying traits experiencing selection. The impact of these processes on the genetic basis of adaptation remains, however, largely unexamined empirically. We here test repeatability in phenotypes and genotypes along parallel climatic clines within the native North American and introduced European and Australian Ambrosia artemisiifolia ranges. To do this, we combined multiple lines of evidence from phenotype‐environment associations, FST‐like outlier tests, genotype‐environment associations and genotype‐phenotype associations. We used 853 individuals grown in common garden from 84 sampling locations, targeting 19 phenotypes, >83 k SNPs and 22 environmental variables. We found that 17%–26% of loci with adaptive signatures were repeated among ranges, despite alternative demographic histories shaping genetic variation and genetic associations. Our results suggest major adaptive changes can occur on short timescales, with seemingly minimum impacts due to demographic changes linked to introduction. These patterns reveal some predictability of evolutionary change during range expansion, key in a world facing ongoing climate change, and rapid invasive spread.
Heterogeneous genetic invasions of three insecticide resistance mutations in Indo‐Pacific populations of Aedes aegypti (L.)
Authors: Endersby‐Harshman Nancy M. , Schmidt Thomas L. , Chung Jessica , van Rooyen Anthony , Weeks Andrew R. , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNations throughout the Indo‐Pacific region use pyrethroid insecticides to control Aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector of dengue, often without knowledge of pyrethroid resistance status of the pest or origin of resistance. Two mutations (V1016G + F1534C) in the sodium channel gene (Vssc) of Ae. aegypti modify ion channel function and cause target‐site resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, with a third mutation (S989P) having a potential additive effect. Of 27 possible genotypes involving these mutations, some allelic combinations are never seen whereas others predominate. Here, five allelic combinations common in Ae. aegypti from the Indo‐Pacific region are described and their geographical distributions investigated using genome‐wide SNP markers. We tested the hypothesis that resistance allele combinations evolved de novo in populations versus the alternative that dispersal of Ae. aegypti between populations facilitated genetic invasions of allele combinations. We used latent factor mixed‐models to detect SNPs throughout the genome that showed structuring in line with resistance allele combinations and compared variation at SNPs within the Vssc gene with genome‐wide variation. Mixed‐models detected an array of SNPs linked to resistance allele combinations, all located within or in close proximity to the Vssc gene. Variation at SNPs within the Vssc gene was structured by resistance profile, whereas genome‐wide SNPs were structured by population. These results demonstrate that alleles near to resistance mutations have been transferred between populations via linked selection. This indicates that genetic invasions have contributed to the widespread occurrence of Vssc allele combinations in Ae. aegypti in the Indo‐Pacific region, pointing to undocumented mosquito invasions between countries.
Strategies in herbivory by mammals revisited: The role of liver metabolism in a juniper specialist (Neotoma stephensi) and a generalist (Neotoma albigula)
Authors: Orr Teri J. , Kitanovic Smiljka , Schramm Katharina M. , Skopec Michele M. , Wilderman P. Ross , Halpert James R. , Dearing M. Denise 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough herbivory is widespread among mammals, few species have adopted a strategy of dietary specialization. Feeding on a single plant species often exposes herbivores to high doses of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs), which may exceed the animal's detoxification capacities. Theory predicts that specialists will have unique detoxification mechanisms to process high levels of dietary toxins. To evaluate this hypothesis, we compared liver microsomal metabolism of a juniper specialist, Neotoma stephensi (diet >85% juniper), to a generalist, N. albigula (diet ≤30% juniper). Specifically, we quantified the concentration of a key detoxification enzyme, cytochrome P450 2B (CYP2B) in liver microsomes, and the metabolism of α‐pinene, the most abundant terpene in the juniper species consumed by the specialist woodrat. In both species, a 30% juniper diet increased the total CYP2B concentration (2–3×) in microsomes and microsomal α‐pinene metabolism rates (4‐fold). In N. stephensi, higher levels of dietary juniper (60% and 100%) further induced CYP2B and increased metabolism rates of α‐pinene. Although no species‐specific differences in metabolism rates were observed at 30% dietary juniper, total microsomal CYP2B concentration was 1.7× higher in N. stephensi than in N. albigula (p < .01), suggesting N. stephensi produces one or more variant of CYP2B that is less efficient at processing α‐pinene. In N. stephensi, the rates of α‐pinene metabolism increased with dietary juniper and were positively correlated with CYP2B concentration. The ability of N. stephensi to elevate CYP2B concentration and rate of α‐pinene metabolism with increasing levels of juniper in the diet may facilitate juniper specialization in this species.
Posaconazole delayed‐release tablets in paediatric haematology–oncology patients
Authors: Mauro Margherita , Colombini Antonella , Perruccio Katia , Zama Daniele , D'Amico Maria Rosaria , Calore Elisabetta , Carraro Francesca , Muggeo Paola , Tridello Gloria , Baretta Valentina , Cesaro Simone 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundTo date, there are few studies that describe pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of posaconazole delayed‐release tablet (DRT) formulation in the paediatric population.ObjectivesWe evaluated retrospectively posaconazole plasma concentrations and safety of posaconazole DRT in paediatric haematology–oncology patients.Patients and methodsPosaconazole DRT was assessed in 28 haematological paediatric patients with a median age 15 of years (range 5‐18) and a median body weight of 50 kg (range 22‐83 kg). Twenty‐one patients received posaconazole DRT as prophylaxis and 7 patients as therapy.ResultsAs prophylaxis, the median daily dose was 5.5 mg/kg/day (range 2.2‐22.2) with posaconazole trough level ≥ 0.7 μg/mL in 80% by first week, 62.5% by second week and 87.5% by fourth week. As therapy, the median daily dose was 4 mg/kg/day (range 3.3‐4.5) with trough level ≥ 1 μg/mL 100% by first week, 80% by second week and 33.4% by fourth week.ConclusionsPosaconazole DRT is feasible in paediatric patients capable to swallow tablets. Specific pharmacokinetic studies are needed.
Advances in understanding large‐scale responses of the water cycle to climate change
Authors: Allan Richard P. , Barlow Mathew , Byrne Michael P. , Cherchi Annalisa , Douville Hervé , Fowler Hayley J. , Gan Thian Y. , Pendergrass Angeline G. , Rosenfeld Daniel , Swann Abigail L. S. , Wilcox Laura J. , Zolina Olga 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlobally, thermodynamics explains an increase in atmospheric water vapor with warming of around 7%/°C near to the surface. In contrast, global precipitation and evaporation are constrained by the Earth's energy balance to increase at ∼2–3%/°C. However, this rate of increase is suppressed by rapid atmospheric adjustments in response to greenhouse gases and absorbing aerosols that directly alter the atmospheric energy budget. Rapid adjustments to forcings, cooling effects from scattering aerosol, and observational uncertainty can explain why observed global precipitation responses are currently difficult to detect but are expected to emerge and accelerate as warming increases and aerosol forcing diminishes. Precipitation increases with warming are expected to be smaller over land than ocean due to limitations on moisture convergence, exacerbated by feedbacks and affected by rapid adjustments. Thermodynamic increases in atmospheric moisture fluxes amplify wet and dry events, driving an intensification of precipitation extremes. The rate of intensification can deviate from a simple thermodynamic response due to in‐storm and larger‐scale feedback processes, while changes in large‐scale dynamics and catchment characteristics further modulate the frequency of flooding in response to precipitation increases. Changes in atmospheric circulation in response to radiative forcing and evolving surface temperature patterns are capable of dominating water cycle changes in some regions. Moreover, the direct impact of human activities on the water cycle through water abstraction, irrigation, and land use change is already a significant component of regional water cycle change and is expected to further increase in importance as water demand grows with global population.
Forecasting GDP Growth from Outer Space
Authors: Galimberti Jaqueson K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe evaluate the usefulness of satellite‐based data on night‐time lights for forecasting GDP growth across a global sample of countries, proposing innovative location‐based indicators to extract new predictive information from the lights data. Our findings are generally favourable to the use of night lights data to improve the accuracy of model‐based forecasts. We also find a substantial degree of heterogeneity across countries in the relationship between lights and economic activity: individually estimated models tend to outperform panel specifications. Key factors underlying the night lights performance include the country's size and income level, logistics infrastructure, and the quality of national statistics.
Does autoimmune thyroid disorder act as a predisposing factor in the development of oral lichen planus?
Authors: Hirota Silvio , Marui Suemi , Migliari Dante 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConsidering previous data from our clinic, as had consistently demonstrated a significant number of OLP patients also reporting thyroid disease (Hashimoto's thyroiditis, in particular), the present study investigated the prevalence of OLP in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves’ disease.
The challenge of long‐term follow‐up of survivors of childhood acute leukemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in resource‐limited countries: A single‐center report from Brazil
Authors: Marinho Daniela Hespanha , Ribeiro Lisandro Lima , Nichele Samantha , Loth Gisele , Koliski Adriana , Mousquer Rebeca Toassa Gomes , Funke Vaneuza Araujo Moreira , Page Kristin , Fasth Anders , Pasquini Ricardo , Boguszewski Margaret Cristina da Silva , Bonfim Carmem 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the number of long‐term HSCT survivors steadily increasing, attention needs to be focused on the late complications and quality of life. We therefore analyzed the outcome of 101 pediatric patients (<18 years old at the time of HSCT) transplanted for acute leukemia between 1981 and 2015 at Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil, and who survived at least two years after HSCT. The median follow‐up was 5.9 years (2.0‐29.0); median age at follow‐up was 17.5 years (2.98‐39.0). The 5‐year cumulative incidence of relapse was 27.5% (95% CI 18.6%‐36.4%). Two‐year cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 21.8% (95% CI 13.7%‐29.8%). Of the 101 patients, 72 patients (71.3%) presented with late effects. Those surviving longer after HSCT experienced more complications. Patients who received TBI‐based regimen developed more late effects (P = .013) and more endocrinological complications (P = .024). Endocrinological complications were the most common late sequelae found in this study. For childhood survivors, quality of life was not influenced by age (at HSCT or at last visit), time from HSCT, gender, donor, or GVHD. For survivors that no longer were children, only age at last visit impacted financial domain measures, irrespective of gender, donor, or GVHD. The current study confirms the high burden late complications after pediatric HSCT have on the survivors and underlines the importance of extended follow‐up.
Photochemical Behavior of Some Estrone Aryl and Methyl Sulfonates in Solution: Preparative and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Quindt Matías I. , Gola Gabriel F. , Ramirez Javier A. , Bonesi Sergio M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDirect irradiation of estrone aryl and methyl sulfonates in different organic solvents under nitrogen atmosphere was investigated under steady‐state conditions. The estrone derivatives reacted efficiently through the photo‐Fries rearrangement reaction involving [1;3]‐sulfonyl migration providing the ortho‐sulfonyl estrone derivatives and estrone as the photoproducts. In addition, estrone and 2‐arylsulfonyl estrone derivatives were epimerized involving a Norrish Type‐I reaction. Chemical quenching and photosensitization experiments on the photoreaction have been also carried out to establish the photoreactive excited state. Likewise, the solvent effect and the nature of the sulfonyl group on the photoreactions have been also studied.
Strong differentiation within Diplocarpon rosae strains based on microsatellite markers and greenhouse‐based inoculation protocol on Rosa
Authors: Marolleau Brice , Petiteau Aurélien , Bellanger Marie‐Noëlle , Sannier Mélanie , Le Pocreau Nadège , Porcher Laetitia , Paillard Sophie , Foucher Fabrice , Thouroude Tatiana , Serres‐Giardi Laurana , Aguileta Gabriela , Chastellier Annie , Bonneau Caroline , Le Cam Bruno , Soufflet‐Freslon Vanessa , Hibrand‐Saint Oyant Laurence 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe haploid ascomycete Diplocarpon rosae is the causal agent of black spot disease on roses, a widespread and devastating disease in the outdoor landscape. In this study, we established a Eurasian collection of 77 monoconidial strains of D. rosae: 50 strains collected on cultivated roses in Europe and Asia, and 27 strains on wild roses in Kazakhstan. To provide tools to describe its biology and to study its genetic diversity, we sequenced two strains of D. rosae using Illumina paired‐end technology. The genome sizes of these two strains were estimated at 31.1 and 35.2 Mb, which are two times smaller than the genome size of the unique strain previously published. A BUSCO analysis confirmed a genome duplication of the strain previously sequenced and partial gene duplication of strains analysed in this study. Using the two genome sequences, 27 polymorphic microsatellite markers were identified. Polymorphism analysis of the 77 strains revealed a strong genetic differentiation between strains from cultivated and wild roses, and a lower diversity within the fungal population from cultivated roses compared to the population from wild roses. Pathogenicity of 10 strains was evaluated on 9 rose cultivars inoculated in the greenhouse. Disease scoring allowed the classification of strains into three groups and the characterization of resistance of rose cultivars. Good correlation observed between resistance scoring in greenhouse conditions and in the field indicates that pathogenicity assays in controlled conditions could be very useful in the near future to rapidly characterize the resistance of new rose varieties to black spot disease.
Genetic diversity of Grapevine rupestris stem pitting‐associated virus isolates from Tunisian grapevine germplasm
Authors: Selmi Ilhem , Pacifico Davide , Lehad Arezki , Stigliano Egidio , Crucitti Dalila , Carimi Francesco , Mahfoudhi Naima 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGrapevine rupestris stem pitting‐associated virus (GRSPaV) is one of the most widespread grapevine viruses and is transmitted mainly by grafting. GRSPaV presence was tested in 487 samples representative of the Tunisian grapevine germplasm (including autochthonous, table, wine, wild grape, and rootstock varieties) from different Tunisian regions. GRSPaV infection was detected in 51.3% of samples from different Tunisian regions, among which the table grapevine cultivars were the most commonly infected (68.7%). Genetic variability of GRSPaV isolates from wild and cultivated grapevines was assessed by sequencing the partial capsid protein (CP) gene of 19 Tunisian isolates and 1 Italian GRSPaV isolate from Sicily, and the partial RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of 13 Tunisian GRSPaV isolates. According to phylogenetic analysis of CP nucleotide sequences obtained in this study and sequences retrieved from GenBank, Tunisian isolates fell into four phylogenetic groups already described (I, II, III, and IV) and two new phylogenetic groups (VI and VIII). Phylogenetic analysis of the partial RdRp gene revealed that Tunisian isolates of GRSPaV are distributed into four phylogroups. This study highlights the importance of regular monitoring of GRSPaV infections in Tunisia, with special regard to those grapevine accessions employed in conservation and selection programmes. In particular, the presence of new GRSPaV genetic variants and infection of wild grapevines must be taken into account in order to choose a correct control strategy.
Measurement of large, discontinuous displacement from digital images
Authors: Luo Zhilei , Hu Xu , Wang Linlin , Lu Yangxiao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOne main limitation of conventional digital image correlation (DIC) methods is their incapacity to treat with large, discontinuous displacements. This paper seeks to resolve this issue using a variational method. Specifically, the objective function is written in a form of L1‐norm instead of L2‐norm for discontinuity preservation. This convex, non‐differentiable objective function is resolved by a proximal gradient method. Then, the entire correlation process is embedded into a multi‐level image pyramid, enabling large displacements to be measured accurately. The proposed method is first validated on images with prescribed small displacements; its performance to treat with discontinuous, large displacements is then examined. The results show that the proposed method exhibits an acceptable performance when measuring some extreme displacements up to 16.5 pixels in a 500 × 500 pixels resolution image. Concerning subpixel accuracy, the errors can be lessened to a very low level with optimised parameters even for a dense correlation at each pixel. Good performance is also demonstrated in forms of noise proof and illumination fluctuation tolerance. Finally, an application is conducted on an experiment concerned with cracking in desiccated soils, in which the proposed method succeeds in tracking the nucleation and propagation processes of multiple cracks.
Size‐dependent secretory protein reflux into the cytosol in association with acute endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Lajoie Patrick , Snapp Erik L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOnce secretory proteins have been targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, the proteins typically remain partitioned from the cytosol. If the secretory proteins misfold, they can be unfolded and retrotranslocated into the cytosol for destruction by the proteasome by ER‐Associated protein Degradation (ERAD). Here, we report that correctly folded and targeted luminal ER fluorescent protein reporters accumulate in the cytosol during acute misfolded secretory protein stress in yeast. Photoactivation fluorescence microscopy experiments reveal that luminal reporters already localized to the ER relocalize to the cytosol, even in the absence of essential ERAD machinery. We named this process “ER reflux.” Reflux appears to be regulated in a size‐dependent manner for reporters. Interestingly, prior heat shock stress also prevents ER stress‐induced reflux. Together, our findings establish a new ER stress‐regulated pathway for relocalization of small luminal secretory proteins into the cytosol, distinct from the ERAD and preemptive quality control pathways. Importantly, our results highlight the value of fully characterizing the cell biology of reporters and describe a simple modification to maintain luminal ER reporters in the ER during acute ER stress.
Prognostic factors for short‐term survival of dogs that experience postattenuation seizures after surgical correction of single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts: 93 cases (2005‐2018)
Authors: Mullins Ronan A. , Sanchez Villamil Carlos , Selmic Laura E. , Tivers Michael S. , Case J. Brad , Singh Ameet , Thieman Mankin Kelley M. , Anderson Davina M. , White Robert N. , Pratschke Kathryn M. , de Rooster Hilde , Kummeling Anne , Yool Donald A. , Olive Melanie , Dr vét Jean‐Philippe Billet , Gordo Ines , Brissot Herve , Broome Cameron , Kirby Barbara M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify prognostic factors for short‐term survival of dogs that experience seizures within 7 days after surgical correction of single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (cEHPSS).Study designMulti‐institutional retrospective study.Sample populationNinety‐three client‐owned dogs.MethodsMedical records at 14 veterinary institutions were reviewed to identify dogs that underwent surgical attenuation of a single cEHPSS from January 1, 2005 through February 28, 2018 and experienced postattenuation seizures (PAS) within 7 days postoperatively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with 1‐month survival. Factors investigated included participating institution, signalment, shunt morphology, concurrent/historical conditions, presence of preoperative neurologic signs, presence of preoperative seizures, aspects of preoperative medical management, surgical details including method and degree of shunt attenuation, type of PAS (focal only or generalized ± focal), drugs administered as part of the treatment of PAS, and development of complications during treatment of PAS.ResultsThirty (32.3%) dogs survived to 30 days. Seventy‐six (81.7%) dogs experienced generalized PAS. Factors positively associated with short‐term survival included having a history of preoperative seizures (P= .004) and development of focal PAS only (P= .0003). Most nonsurvivors were humanely euthanized because of uncontrolled or recurrent seizures.ConclusionDogs that experienced PAS that had a history of preoperative seizures and those that experienced focal PAS only had significantly improved short‐term survival.Clinical significanceThe results of this study provide information that will help in the counseling of owners who seek treatment for PAS after surgical correction of cEHPSS.© 2020 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.