bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression and function of umami receptors T1R1/T1R3 in gastric smooth muscle
Authors: Crowe Molly S. , Wang Hongxia , Blakeney Bryan A. , Mahavadi Sunila , Singh Kulpreet , Murthy Karnam S. , Grider John R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundl‐amino acids, such as monosodium glutamate (MSG), activate the umami receptor T1R1/T1R3. We previously showed increased peristalsis in response to activation of T1R1/T1R3 by MSG in mouse colon. However, the expression and function of these receptors in the different regions of the stomach are not clear.MethodsMouse gastric smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were isolated and cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium. Expression of T1R1 and T1R3 was measured by RT‐PCR and Western blot. The effect of MSG with and without inosine monophosphate (IMP, an allosteric activator of T1R1/T1R3) on acetylcholine (ACh)‐induced contraction was measured in muscle strips and isolated SMCs by scanning micrometry. The effect of MSG with or without IMP on activation of G proteins and ACh‐induced Ca2+ release was measured in SMCs.Key ResultsMonosodium glutamate inhibited ACh‐induced contractions in muscle strips from both antrum and fundus and the effect of MSG was augmented by IMP; the effects were concentration‐dependent and not affected by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L‐NNA, or tetrodotoxin suggesting a direct effect on SMCs. In isolated gastric SMCs, T1R1 and T1R3 transcripts and protein were identified. Addition of MSG with or without IMP inhibited ACh‐induced Ca2+ release and muscle contraction; the effect on contraction was blocked by pertussis toxin suggesting activation of Gαi proteins. MSG in the presence of IMP selectively activated Gαi2.Conclusions and InferencesUmami receptors (T1R1/T1R3) are present on SMCs of the stomach, and activation of these receptors induces muscle relaxation by decreasing [Ca2+]i via Gαi2.
Obesity and dental caries in early childhood: A systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Manohar Narendar , Hayen Andrew , Fahey Paul , Arora Amit 
Published: November 2019

SummaryObesity and dental caries in children are significant health problems. The aims of this review are to identify whether children aged 6 years and younger with overweight and/or obesity have higher dental caries experience compared with children with normal weight and, secondly, to identify the common risk factors associated with both conditions. Medline, Embase, and seven other databases were systematically searched followed by lateral searches from reference lists, grey literature, theses, conference proceedings, and contacting field experts. Longitudinal observational studies addressing overweight and/or obesity and dental caries in children aged 6 years and younger were included. A random effects model meta‐analyses were applied. Nine studies were included in this review. Children with overweight and obesity had a significantly higher dental caries experience compared with children with normal weight (n = 6). The pooled estimates showed that difference in caries experience between the two groups was statistically significant. Low levels of parental income and education were identified to be associated with both conditions in the sample population. Children with overweight and obesity are more vulnerable to dental caries. Low levels of parental income and education influence the relationship between the two conditions. However, the quality of evidence varied considerably; therefore, findings should be interpreted cautiously.
Surgical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Myxoid Liposarcoma in Extremities: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zheng Kai , Yu Xiu‐chun , Xu Ming , Yang Yang 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate treatments and prognostic factors for the myxoid liposarcoma in extremities.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 34 patients histologically diagnosed with myxoid liposarcoma arising in the extremities, treated in our hospital from 2010 to 2017. We recorded tumor locations, max diameter, operations, complications, radiation, chemotherapy, survival, recrudescence, and metastases. Overall survival, treatments, and prognostic factors were subsequently analyzed.ResultsThe mean age of 34 patients with myxoid liposarcoma in extremities was 49.1 years, and the mean follow‐up period was 65.1 months. The median survival time was 190 months. Five of 14 patients accepted recrudescence resection and two patients of 20 patients who underwent primary tumor resection or unplanned operation died of tumor progression. Although no statistical difference was found (X
2 = 3.331, P = 0.068), the lower mortality was confirmed in the patients who accepted primary tumor resection or unplanned operation. Eleven patients with a tumor diameter of 8.6 ± 4.7 cm accepted wide resection, while 23 patients with 17.2 ± 8.8 cm tumors accepted marginal resection. Statistical difference was found between the size of tumors with relatively wide resection and those with relatively marginal resection (F = 9.130, P = 0.005). No recurrence or metastasis occurred in patients who accepted wide resection, while 14 patients presented with local recurrence and 8 patients developed distant metastases among the 23 patients with marginal resection. Seven patients died of metastases, while one patient lived with metastases. No significant difference in survival was found between different surgical methods (X
2 = 0.9460, P = 0.3307). The average diameter of eight patients with distant metastases was 21.7 cm, which was considerable larger than the 12.1 cm of patients without metastasis. This difference was proven significant upon the statistical analysis (F = 9.412, P = 0.004).ConclusionsWide resection achieved good local control but was not unambiguously superior in long‐term survival. Myxoid liposarcoma tumors with larger diameters were more difficult to be submitted to wide resection and were more likely to present with distant metastasis.
Predicting the Probability that a Chemical Causes Steatosis Using Adverse Outcome Pathway Bayesian Networks (AOPBNs)
Authors: Burgoon Lyle D. , Angrish Michelle , Garcia‐Reyero Natalia , Pollesch Nathan , Zupanic Anze , Perkins Edward 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAdverse outcome pathway Bayesian networks (AOPBNs) are a promising avenue for developing predictive toxicology and risk assessment tools based on adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). Here, we describe a process for developing AOPBNs. AOPBNs use causal networks and Bayesian statistics to integrate evidence across key events. In this article, we use our AOPBN to predict the occurrence of steatosis under different chemical exposures. Since it is an expert‐driven model, we use external data (i.e., data not used for modeling) from the literature to validate predictions of the AOPBN model. The AOPBN accurately predicts steatosis for the chemicals from our external data. In addition, we demonstrate how end users can utilize the model to simulate the confidence (based on posterior probability) associated with predicting steatosis. We demonstrate how the network topology impacts predictions across the AOPBN, and how the AOPBN helps us identify the most informative key events that should be monitored for predicting steatosis. We close with a discussion of how the model can be used to predict potential effects of mixtures and how to model susceptible populations (e.g., where a mutation or stressor may change the conditional probability tables in the AOPBN). Using this approach for developing expert AOPBNs will facilitate the prediction of chemical toxicity, facilitate the identification of assay batteries, and greatly improve chemical hazard screening strategies.
Patients and students co‐develop a resource database
Authors: Adamjee Lamiah , Kline Cathy , Godolphin William , Towle Angela 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundHealth professional students are provided with a wealth of online learning resources recommended by curriculum developers or instructors, the majority of which focus on biological and clinical science. Our goal was to develop a database of learning resources to help students and faculty members understand chronic health conditions from a patient's perspective. Resources were recommended by patients and evaluated by students.Our goal was to develop a database of learning resources … recommended by patients and evaluated by studentsMethodsPatients and caregivers who recommend resources to their students in an interprofessional health mentors programme, and participants in a Disability Learning Resource planning session, provided 68 different resources, ranging from community organisation websites to personal biographies. Resources were organised into eight categories and rated by 10 senior health professional students.Patients … provided 68 different resources, ranging from community organisation websites to personal biographiesResultsPatients recommended resources so that students could learn what it is like to live with a particular condition, and also learn about useful patient information resources and community‐based advocacy organisations. Students identified 40% of the rated resources as useful or exceptionally useful, and identified the characteristics of useful and not useful resources.Students identified 40% of the rated resources as useful or exceptionally useful …ConclusionsStudents want resources that are easy to navigate and are well organised. They want a ‘one‐stop shop’ to access information about a particular condition or disease, and value resources that they can recommend to their patients as well as use to expand their own knowledge. Students value information about local organisations for specific conditions that they can connect their patients to, and from which they may learn more about existing support initiatives in their communities. Clinical educators could better prepare students for practice by making available patient‐recommended resources.Students … value resources that they can recommend to their patients as well as use to expand their own knowledgeStudents value information about local organisations for specific conditions that they can connect their patients to …Clinical educators could better prepare students for practice by making available patient‐recommended resources
Beyond the Ethico‐aesthetic: Toward a Re‐valuation of the Sensory Ethnography Lab
Authors: Lee Toby 
Published: November 2019

Critical discourse regarding the Sensory Ethnography Lab (SEL) has tended to focus on the ethico‐aesthetics ofSELfilms, assuming a representationalist framework of understanding that has traditionally dominated debates over ethnographic media. This essay shifts focus away from the films to consider how the SEL operates pedagogically and institutionally, within larger professional structures and cultural economies. Bringing together writing by Hito Steyerl, Paola Voci, and Nuccio Ordine, I propose an alternative, more materialist framework for understanding programs like theSELand their position in today's shifting cultural economies of both media production and higher education.
Ex vivo comparison of the effect of storage temperature on canine intestinal leakage pressures
Authors: Duffy Daniel J. , Chang Yi‐Jen , Balko Julie A. , Moore George E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of storage temperature on cadaveric small intestinal leakage pressures after enterotomy.Study designExperimental ex vivo study.AnimalsGrossly normal jejunal segments from four canine cadavers.MethodsThirty‐six jejunal segments (n = 12 segments/group) were harvested immediately after euthanasia and assigned to a fresh group (tested within 4 hours), chilled group (stored for 24 hours at 4°C before testing), or freeze–thaw group (frozen at −20°C for 7 days and thawed at 21°C for 6 hours before testing). A 2‐cm antimesenteric enterotomy was performed and repaired with 4‐0 monofilament suture in a simple‐continuous pattern. Initial leakage pressure (ILP), maximal intraluminal pressure (MIP), and leakage location were recorded, with testing performed at room temperature.ResultsMean ± SD ILP for fresh, chilled, and frozen–thawed specimens was 52.9 ± 8.4, 51.8 ± 11.9 and 29.8 ± 4.4 mm Hg, respectively. There was a difference in ILP among groups (P < .003), with freeze–thaw samples demonstrating lower ILP compared with other groups. There was no difference in MIP between groups (P = .186) There was a difference in leakage location among groups (P = .004), with the majority of chilled and freeze–thaw samples leaking at the suture holes compared with the incisional line in fresh samples.ConclusionFreezing and subsequent thawing prior to specimen testing reduced ILP compared with use of fresh and chilled specimens but did not affect MIP among experimental groups.Clinical significanceCadaveric canine intestinal specimens tested immediately after collection or after chilling for 24 hours should be recommended for ex vivo burst pressure assessment in dogs. Additional studies to evaluate loss in testing viability of chilled intestinal specimens are warranted to help govern experimental methodologies.
Social Media Use by the Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh: A Uses and Gratification Approach
Authors: Nachrin Tania 
Published: November 2019

The refugee crisis is one of the greatest problems in the world right now. Countries from both developed and developing parts of the world have faced this crisis for many years. Usually, refugees lost their home-relatives, income source and all meaningful aspects of life. Living in another country with the help of the foreign government and NGOs, the refugees spend a challenging time under many difficulties. This study concentrates on social media uses of the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh under the light of uses and gratification theory. The purposive sampling technique used to collect the data. This study focuses on what are the main reasons for using social media, attitude toward social media, and lastingness on social media by the Rohingya refugees. Data has been collected from 37 Rohingya refugees ranging in age of 19 to 32 years, gendering both male and female. Results indicate that Facebook is the most preferred social media. The majority of them (37.8%) are using social media for one to two years, (43.2%) of them are most active on social media at 7-8 PM and spend four to five hours each day. 62.2% of the respondents have only one social media account. The majority (32.4%) of the Rohingya refugees are using social media for getting the latest news update, sharing an opinion (29.7%), communicating with family and friends (24.3%). 70.3% of respondents think social media is a positive thing, their favorite topics to see on social media are a personal story (51.4%), and political facts (32.4%). Finally, findings support that many paradigms of uses and gratifications theory are met by the Rohingya social media users.
Cohort profile: Aichi regional sub-cohort of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS-A)
Authors: Ebara Takeshi , Yamada Yasuyuki , Shoji Naoto , Ito Yuki , Nakagawa Atsuko , Miyachi Taishi , Ozaki Yasuhiko , Omori Toyonori , Suzuki Sadao , Kojima Masayo , Ueyama Jun , Tomizawa Motohiro , Kato Sayaka , Oguri Tomoko , Matsuki Taro , Sato Hirotaka , Oya Naoko , Sugiura-Ogasawara Mayumi , Saitoh Shinji , Kamijima Michihiro 
Published: November 2019

PurposeEffects of fetal, perinatal and childhood environment on the health of children at birth and during later life have become a topic of concern. The Aichi regional sub-cohort of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS-A) is an ongoing birth cohort of pregnant women and their children which has been used to provide unique data, as adjunct studies of JECS, on multifaceted potential factors affecting children’s health.ParticipantsThe JECS-A is part of the JECS which follows a total of 100 000 pairs of children and their mothers (fathers’ participation is optional) across 15 regions in Japan. In JECS-A, of the 8134 pregnant women living in Ichinomiya City and Nagoya City, Japan, a total of 5721 pregnant women and their 5554 children were included. Sociodemographic and psychological data as well as biological specimens were collected from the pregnant women and their spouses (if available) in the cohort during their pregnancy. Information on children included in the JECS-A was collected from their mothers and includes demographic, behavioural, childcare, psychological and psychiatric data. Urine extracted from disposable diapers and anthropometric data were also obtained from the children.Findings to dateA similar distribution trend for age at delivery was confirmed between the pregnant women enrolled in the JECS-A and the national statistics of the relevant areas. However, differences in education level and household income were observed. A total of 5502 children remained in the cohort at 18 months after delivery. Compared with the national statistics, the basic demographics of the children in the cohort represented the population in the study areas.Future plansThe enrolled children in the JECS-A will be followed until the age of 13 years. The studies that come from JECS-A will complement JECS and bring novel results with a high level of generalisability.
Development and validation of a postoperative delirium prediction model for patients admitted to an intensive care unit in China: a prospective study
Authors: Xing Huanmin , Zhou Wendie , Fan Yuying , Wen Taoxue , Wang Xiaohui , Chang Guangming 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesWe aimed to develop and validate a postoperative delirium (POD) prediction model for patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).DesignA prospective study was conducted.SettingThe study was conducted in the surgical, cardiovascular surgical and trauma surgical ICUs of an affiliated hospital of a medical university in Heilongjiang Province, China.ParticipantsThis study included 400 patients (≥18 years old) admitted to the ICU after surgery.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was POD assessment during ICU stay.ResultsThe model was developed using 300 consecutive ICU patients and was validated using 100 patients from the same ICUs. The model was based on five risk factors: Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality and morbidity; acid–base disturbance and history of coma, diabetes or hypertension. The model had an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.852 (95% CI 0.802 to 0.902), Youden index of 0.5789, sensitivity of 70.73% and specificity of 87.16%. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit was 5.203 (p=0.736). At a cutoff value of 24.5%, the sensitivity and specificity were 71% and 69%, respectively.ConclusionsThe model, which used readily available data, exhibited high predictive value regarding risk of ICU-POD at admission. Use of this model may facilitate better implementation of preventive treatments and nursing measures.
Effect of high-dose vitamin D3 on 28-day mortality in adult critically ill patients with severe vitamin D deficiency: a study protocol of a multicentre, placebo-controlled double-blind phase III RCT (the VITDALIZE study)
Authors: Amrein Karin , Parekh Dhruv , Westphal Sabine , Preiser Jean-Charles , Berghold Andrea , Riedl Regina , Eller Philipp , Schellongowski Peter , Thickett David , Meybohm Patrick 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionObservational studies have demonstrated an association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Cohort studies and pilot trials have suggested promising beneficial effects of vitamin D replacement in the critical ill, at least in patients with severe vitamin D deficiency. As vitamin D is a simple, low-cost and safe intervention, it has potential to improve survival in critically ill patients.Methods and analysisIn this randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre, international trial, 2400 adult patients with severe vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D≤12 ng/mL) will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio by www.randomizer.at to receive a loading dose of 540 000 IU cholecalciferol within 72 hours after intensive care unit (ICU) admission, followed by 4000 IU daily for 90 days or placebo. Hypercalcaemia may occur as a side effect, but is monitored by regular checks of the calcium level. The primary outcome is all-cause mortality at 28 days after randomisation. Secondary outcomes are: ICU, hospital, 90-day and 1-year mortality; hospital and ICU length of stay, change in organ dysfunction on day 5 as measured by Sequential Organ Function Assessment (SOFA) score, number of organ failures; hospital and ICU readmission until day 90; discharge destination, self-reported infections requiring antibiotics until day 90 and health-related quality of life. Recruitment status is ongoing.Ethics and disseminationNational ethical approval was obtained by the Ethics Committee of the University of Graz for Austria, Erasme University Brussels (Belgium) and University Hospital Frankfurt (Germany), and will further be gained according to individual national processes. On completion, results will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. The study findings will be presented at national and international meetings with abstracts online.Trial registrationNCT03188796, EudraCT-No: 2016-002460-13.
Epidemiology of placenta previa accreta: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jauniaux Eric , Grønbeck Lene , Bunce Catey , Langhoff-Roos Jens , Collins Sally L 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and incidence of placenta previa complicated by placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and to examine the different criteria being used for the diagnosis.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov and MEDLINE were searched between August 1982 and September 2018.Eligibility criteriaStudies reporting on placenta previa complicated by PAS diagnosed in a defined obstetric population.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers performed the data extraction using a predefined protocol and assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies, with difference agreed by consensus. The primary outcomes were overall prevalence of placenta previa, incidence of PAS according to the type of placenta previa and the reported clinical outcomes, including the number of peripartum hysterectomies and direct maternal mortality. The secondary outcomes included the criteria used for the prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of placenta previa and the criteria used to diagnose and grade PAS at birth.ResultsA total of 258 articles were reviewed and 13 retrospective and 7 prospective studies were included in the analysis, which reported on 587 women with placenta previa and PAS. The meta-analysis indicated a significant (p<0.001) heterogeneity between study estimates for the prevalence of placenta previa, the prevalence of placenta previa with PAS and the incidence of PAS in the placenta previa cohort. The median prevalence of placenta previa was 0.56% (IQR 0.39–1.24) whereas the median prevalence of placenta previa with PAS was 0.07% (IQR 0.05–0.16). The incidence of PAS in women with a placenta previa was 11.10% (IQR 7.65–17.35).ConclusionsThe high heterogeneity in qualitative and diagnostic data between studies emphasises the need to implement standardised protocols for the diagnoses of both placenta previa and PAS, including the type of placenta previa and grade of villous invasiveness.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017068589