bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Tanshinone I attenuates the malignant biological properties of ovarian cancer by inducing apoptosis and autophagy via the inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Zhou Jin , Jiang Yuan‐yuan , Chen Huan , Wu Yi‐chao , Zhang Li 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTanshinone I (Tan‐I) is one of the vital fatsoluble monomer components, which extracted from Chinese medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. It has been shown that Tan‐I exhibited anti‐tumour activities on different types of cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Tan‐Ⅰ regulates apoptosis and autophagy in ovarian cancer remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to access the therapy effect of Tan‐Ⅰ and the underlying mechanisms.MethodsOvarian cancer cells A2780 and ID‐8 were treated with different concentrations of Tan‐Ⅰ (0, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8 and 9.6 μg/mL) for 24 hours. The cell proliferation was analysed by CCK8 assay, EdU staining and clone formation assay. Apoptosis was assessed by the TUNEL assay and flow cytometry. The protein levels of apoptosis protein (Caspase‐3), autophagy protein (Beclin1, ATG7, p62 and LC3II/LC3I) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were determined by Western blot. Autophagic vacuoles in cells were observed with LC3 dyeing using confocal fluorescent microscopy. Anti‐tumour activity of Tan‐Ⅰ was accessed by subcutaneous xeno‐transplanted tumour model of human ovarian cancer in nude mice. The Ki67, Caspase‐3 level and apoptosis level were analysed by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining.ResultsTan‐Ⅰ inhibited the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells A2780 and ID‐8 in a dose‐dependent manner, based on CCK8 assay, EdU staining and clone formation assay. In additional, Tan‐Ⅰ induced cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy in a dose‐dependent manner in ovarian cancer cells by TUNEL assay, flow cytometry and Western blot. Tan‐Ⅰ significantly inhibited tumour growth by inducing cell apoptosis and autophagy. Mechanistically, Tan‐Ⅰ activated apoptosis‐associated protein Caspase‐3 cleavage to promote cell apoptosis and inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to induce autophagy.ConclusionsThis is the first evidence that Tan‐Ⅰ induced apoptosis and promoted autophagy via the inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway on ovarian cancer and further inhibited tumour growth, which might be considered as effective strategy.
A high C‐reactive protein level and poor performance status are associated with delayed sputum conversion in elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Japan
Authors: Komiya Kosaku , Goto Akihiko , Kan Takamasa , Honjo Kokoro , Uchida Sonoe , Takikawa Shuichi , Yoshimatsu Tetsuyuki , Hiramatsu Kazufumi , Kadota Jun‐ichi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionAlthough the aging population had been increasing in many countries, the factors associated with sputum conversion in elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis have not been fully elucidated.ObjectivesWe aimed to identify the predictors of delayed sputum conversion and to assess the impact of non‐conversion on mortality during tuberculosis treatment in elderly patients.MethodsElderly patients (>65 years) admitted at our hospital in Japan for sputum smear‐positive pulmonary tuberculosis were included. The risk factors for sputum non‐conversion after 2 months of treatment were determined using multiple logistic regression. Cox hazard regression was used to assess the influence of non‐conversion on mortality.ResultsWe included 185 patients, with median age of 82 years (IQR, 79‐88 years). The median time to conversion was 47 (95% CI 43‐51) days, and 62 (34%) were identified as non‐converters. Multivariate analysis showed that high pretreatment smear grade, high C‐reactive protein level and poor performance status were associated with non‐conversion. Non‐conversion did not contribute to death during treatment.ConclusionsIn elderly patients, inflammation level and physical activity level, along with initial smear grade may have a significant impact on delayed sputum conversion. Non‐conversion after two months of treatment might not be related with mortality.
Transplacental infection of a foal withAnaplasma phagocytophilum
Authors: Dixon C. E. , Bedenice D. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis is the first report to document transplacental transmission ofAnaplasma phagocytophillumin the horse. A 4‐year‐old late‐term pregnant mare presented for a recent onset of pyrexia due to equine granulocytic anaplasmosis (EGA). She was hospitalised for treatment with oxytetracycline and monitoring of high‐risk foaling due to significant thrombocytopenia. Parturition occurred overnight, and the foal was PCR positive forA. phagocytophilumat birth. The foal was slow to stand and nurse, with signs of neonatal encephalopathy and anaplasmosis (thrombocytopenia). Therapy with oxytetracycline resulted in complete clinical recovery of the mare and foal within 5 days. Congenital anaplasmosis should be considered in any foal delivered to a mare suffering from EGA during late‐term pregnancy and guide appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
Surgical repair of radial carpal bone fractures in two racehorses
Authors: Hui S. K. Y. , Cote N. , Cleary O. B. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryA 3‐year‐old Standardbred gelding (Case 1) and a 2‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding (Case 2) were referred for surgical evaluation of a left radial carpal bone (RCB) fracture, sustained during training. Clinical findings at the time of initial examination included a palpable effusion within the left middle carpal joint in both horses and marked signs of pain and reduced range of motion on flexion of the affected carpus. In both horses, the RCB fracture was evident on the following radiographic views of the carpus: dorsolateral–palmaromedial oblique (30° off lateromedial) and flexed lateromedial. An additional loose wedge‐shaped osteochondral fragment at the proximal articular surface of the RCB could be seen in Case 2. Both horses underwent surgical reduction and repair of the fracture between 1 and 2 days following the initial injury, which consisted of arthroscopic removal of any intra‐articular osteochondral fragments, and arthroscopic assisted‐interfragmentary compression via a standard dorsomedial and dorsolateral approach to the antebrachiocarpal joint (ACJ) and middle carpal joints (MCJ). The two horses returned to function as racehorses, 6 months (Case 1) and 16 months (Case 2) after surgery. The RCB is a relatively uncommon site for large carpal fractures in horses. The clinical presentation and findings from this report were similar to that of third carpal bone (C3) slab fractures, confirming that surgical repair is indicated in selected cases of RCB fractures.
Single and repeated intra‐articular injections in the tarsocrural joint with allogeneic and autologous equine bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells are safe, but did not reduce acute inflammation in an experimental interleukin‐1β model of synovitis
Authors: Colbath Aimée C. , Dow Steven W. , Hopkins Leone S. , Phillips Jennifer N. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Goodrich Laurie R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAllogeneic and autologous bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMDMSCs) have been administered in equine joints for their anti‐inflammatory effects. However, allogeneic BMDMSC offer multiple clinical and practical advantages. Therefore, it is important to determine the relative effectiveness of allogeneic vs autologous BMDMSCs.ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to compare the inflamed joint response to autologous vs allogeneic BMDMSCs injections, and to determine if either treatment generated an anti‐inflammatory effect.Study designRandomised controlled study.MethodBone marrow was harvested from eight horses. Autologous BMDMSCs and pooled allogeneic BMDMSCs were culture expanded, cryopreserved and thawed immediately prior to administration. Ten million autologous BMDMSCs were administered with 75 ng rIL‐1β into one tarsocrural joint and the contralateral tarsocrural joint received allogeneic BMDMSC plus 75 ng rIL‐1β. Repeat injections were performed with the same treatment administered into the same joint. Four additional horses received 75 ng rIL‐1β alone in a single tarsocrural joint. Clinical parameters (lameness, joint circumference and joint effusion) and synovial fluid parameters, including nucleated cell count (NCC), differential cell count, total protein (TP), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and C‐reactive protein (CRP), were measured at baseline, 6, 12, 24, 72, 168 and 336 hours post‐injection.ResultsNo difference was detected between autologous and allogeneic treatment groups with respect to subjective lameness, joint effusion, joint circumference, NCC, TP, differential cell count, CRP or PGE2. Neither autologous nor allogeneic treatments resulted in an improvement in clinical or cytological parameters over that elicited by rIL‐1β alone.Main limitationsA single dose of rIL‐1β was evaluated and resulted in a severe synovitis which may have been too severe to observe a BMDMSC‐mediated effect.ConclusionsThis study revealed that allogeneic and autologous BMDMSCs resulted in an equivalent clinical and cytological response. Allogeneic and autologous BMDMSCs were equally ineffective in reducing the inflammatory response from acute rIL‐1β‐induced joint inflammation in horses.
Tackling alcoholism and domestic violence in fisheries—A new opportunity to improve well‐being for the most vulnerable people in global fisheries
Authors: Coulthard Sarah , White Carole , Paranamana Nasheera , Sandaruwan K. P. G. L. , Manimohan R. , Maya R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) principle of “leaving no one behind” focuses global attention on the poorest and most vulnerable people. As different sectors grapple to engage meaningfully with this principle, we posit that greater consideration of social problems in fishing‐dependent communities, such as alcoholism and domestic violence, presents an opportunity for fishery governors to contribute to the SDGs mandate. We further argue that governing marine resources in ignorance of these problems can risk harming some of the most vulnerable people in fisheries. Using subjective well‐being data from women living in two small‐scale fishing communities in India and Sri Lanka, we demonstrate the prevalence and impact of alcoholism and domestic violence in fishing households. We further highlight how policies which restrict access to marine resources can undermine important coping strategies, in particular, the ability of women to act as independent income earners, exacerbating harm to already vulnerable women. A scoping review of the literature reveals that alcoholism and domestic violence are reported in certain fisheries around the world, and we theorize how this may relate to the nature of fishing life and growing stresses regarding the future of fishing. Tackling the burdens of alcoholism and domestic violence in fisheries, where it is an issue, is an opportunity to improve well‐being for men, women and their families. The paper concludes with tangible actions which marine resource governors could adopt to contribute to the “leave no one behind” ethos.
Comparison of the Geriatric Depression Scale‐15 and the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 for screening depression in older adults
Authors: Zhang Hong , Wang Shumei , Wang Lijie , Yi Xiangren , Jia Xiaoxian , Jia Cunxian 
Published: December 2019

AimTo examine the reliability and validity of the Geriatric Depression Scale‐15 (GDS‐15) and the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) for evaluating depression in older adults.MethodsA total of 1546 participants aged ≥60 years were investigated face‐to‐face with the PHQ‐9 and GDS‐15 anonymously. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated with Cronbach's α, and structural equation modeling was used to study the construct validity of the scale. Logistic regression was used to discusses the impact of demographic characteristics on the scale.ResultsThe consistency rate between the GDS‐15 and PHQ‐9 was 96.10%. The Cronbach's α and split‐half reliability in the scales were >0.7. The model fit indices χ2/df., comparative fit index and root mean square error of approximation in the GDS‐15 were 2.769, 0.815 and 0.077, respectively. The minimum fit function χ2 in the PHQ‐9 model was 93.742, with 27 df., the comparative fit index was acceptably low (comparative fit index 0.837) and the root mean square error of approximation was acceptably high (root mean square error of approximation 0.118). Item standardized path regression coefficients of the GDS‐15 model varied between 0.07 and 0.76, among which the coefficients of item 2 and item 9 were 0.12 and 0.07, respectively. Whereas in the PHQ‐9, the item standardized path regression coefficients were high (r > 0.45), except for item 3 (r = 0.34). The GDS‐15 was affected by urban–rural distribution (OR = 2.104, P = 0.027), whereas the PHQ‐9 was affected by sex (OR = 4.266, P = 0.007).ConclusionsThe similar psychometric performance of the PHQ‐9, along with its ease of use and relative brevity, makes it attractive compared with the longer GDS‐15 for use in Chinese older adults, whereas the influence of sex distribution on the PHQ‐9 should be paid attention to. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 138–143.
HIV self‐testing intervention experiences and kit usability: results from a qualitative study among men who have sex with men in the SELPHI (Self‐Testing Public Health Intervention) randomized controlled trial in England and Wales
Authors: Witzel TC , Bourne A , Burns FM , Rodger AJ , McCabe L , Gabriel MM , Gafos M , Ward D , Collaco‐Moraes Y , Dunn DT , Speakman A , Bonell C , Pebody R , Lampe FC , Harbottle J , Phillips AN , McCormack S , Weatherburn P 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesSELPHI (HIV Self‐Testing Public Health Intervention) is the largest randomized controlled trial (RCT) of HIV self‐testing (HIVST) in a high‐income setting to date, and has recruited 10 000 men who have sex with men (cis‐ and transgender) and transgender women who have sex with men. This qualitative substudy aimed to explore how those utilizing self‐tests experience HIVST and the implications for further intervention development and scale‐up. This is the first qualitative study in Europe investigating experiences of HIVST among intervention users, and the first globally examining the experience of using blood‐based HIVST.MethodsThirty‐seven cisgender MSM SELPHI participants from across England and Wales were purposively recruited to the substudy, in which semi‐structured interviews were used to explore testing history, HIVST experiences and intervention preferences. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed and analysed through a framework analysis.ResultsMen accessed the intervention because HIVST reduced barriers related to convenience, stigma and privacy concerns. Emotional responses had direct links to acceptability. Supportive intervention components increased engagement with testing and addressed supportive concerns. HIVST facilitated more frequent testing, with the potential to reduce sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening frequency. Substudy participants with an HIV‐positive result (n = 2) linked to care promptly and reported very high acceptability. Minor adverse outcomes (n = 2; relationship discord and fainting) did not reduce acceptability. Ease of use difficulties were with the lancet and the test processing stage.ConclusionsIntervention components shaped acceptability, particularly in relation to overcoming a perceived lack of support. The intervention was broadly acceptable and usable; participants expressed an unexpected degree of enthusiasm for HIVST, including those with HIV‐positive results and individuals with minor adverse outcomes.
Human matriptase/ST 14 proteolytically cleaves H7N9 hemagglutinin and facilitates the activation of influenza A/Shanghai/2/2013 virus in cell culture
Authors: Whittaker Gary R. , Straus Marco R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza is a zoonotic disease that infects millions of people each year resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths, and in turn devastating pandemics. Influenza is caused by influenza viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV). There are many subtypes of IAV but only a few seem to be able to adapt to humans and to cause disease. In 2013, an H7N9 IAV subtype emerged in China that does not cause clinical symptoms in its chicken host but leads to severe infections when transmitted into humans. Since 2013, there have been six epidemic waves of H7N9 with 1567 laboratory‐confirmed human infections and 615 deaths. Pathogenicity of IAV is complex, but a crucial feature contributing to virulence is the activation of the hemagglutinin (HA) fusion protein by host proteases that triggers membrane fusion and leads to subsequent virus propagation.Methods293T, VERO, and MDCK cells were used to conduct Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence assays, and pseudoparticle and live virus infections, and to evaluate H7N9 HA cleavage‐activation.Results/ConclusionsWe show that human matriptase/ST 14 is able to cleave H7N9 HA. Cleavage of H7N9 HA expressed in cell culture results in fusogenic HA and syncytia formation. In infection studies with viral pseudoparticles carrying matriptase/ST 14‐activated H7N9 HA, we observed a high infectivity of cells. Finally, human matriptase/ST 14 also activated H7N9 live virus which resulted in high infectivity. Our data demonstrate that human matriptase/ST 14 is a likely candidate protease to promote H7N9 infections in humans.
Structural empowerment is a strong predictor of organizational commitment in nurses: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fragkos Konstantinos C. , Makrykosta Pinelopi , Frangos Christos C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to explore the relationship between structural empowerment and organizational commitment and to examine a theoretical model under which empowerment could potentially affect organizational performance.DesignPRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses were used and quality assessment of articles was performed.Data sourcesElectronic database searches were conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, and EMBASE from January 1950–1 January 2019, which resulted in 204 retrieved studies, published between 1994–2018.Review MethodsA random effects model was used to produce a pooled estimate of effect sizes (correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha), with analysis of heterogeneity and publication bias. A meta‐analytic structural equation model of the constructs analysed was also performed.ResultsThe final review included 22 studies. The meta‐analytic means of structural empowerment, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and psychological empowerment alpha reliabilities were 0.87, 0.84, 0.85, and 0.87, respectively. Heterogeneity but no publication bias was present in these outcomes. Structural empowerment was strongly correlated with organizational commitment (r = 0.43). The meta‐analytic correlation coefficients of organizational commitment with psychological empowerment and job satisfaction were 0.53 and 0.47, respectively. Structural empowerment was correlated with job satisfaction and psychological empowerment with correlation coefficients of 0.57 and 0.44, respectively. Finally, job satisfaction was correlated with psychological empowerment with a correlation coefficient of 0.53. A meta‐analytic structural equation model was tested with good fit which predicted performance (commitment and job satisfaction) from empowerment (structural and psychological).ConclusionStructural empowerment is strongly correlated to organizational commitment and with psychological empowerment, they increase organizational performance. Organizations should attempt to make structural empowerment as widespread as possible to create an effective workplace culture.ImpactStructural empowerment in nurses is important to help deliver an effective workplace culture where nurses can be committed and have reduced intention‐to‐leave. Structural empowerment was strongly correlated with organizational commitment. Organizational commitment was significantly correlated with psychological empowerment and job satisfaction. Structural empowerment was correlated with job satisfaction and psychological empowerment as well. A meta‐analytic structural equation model with good fit predicted performance. These results will affect nursing researchers and practitioners. Results indicate a need for organizational restructuring that promotes empowerment and formation of theoretical models that connect empowerment to performance.
Dual TBK1/IKKɛ inhibitor amlexanox attenuates the severity of hepatotoxin‐induced liver fibrosis and biliary fibrosis in mice
Authors: Zhou Zixiong , Qi Jing , Zhao Jing , Lim Chae Woong , Kim Jong‐Won , Kim Bumseok 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough numerous studies have suggested that canonical IκB kinases (IKK) play a key role in the progression of liver fibrosis, the role of non‐canonical IKKε and TANK‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1) on the development and progression of liver fibrosis remains unclear. To demonstrate such issue, repeated injection of CCl4 was used to induce hepatotoxin‐mediated chronic liver injury and biliary fibrosis was induced by 0.1% diethoxycarbonyl‐1, 4‐dihydrocollidine diet feeding for 4 weeks. Mice were orally administered with amlexanox (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) during experimental period. Significantly increased levels of TBK1 and IKKε were observed in fibrotic livers or hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) isolated from fibrotic livers. Interestingly, amlexanox treatment significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of TBK1 and IKKε accompanied by reduced liver injury as confirmed by histopathologic analysis, decreased serum biochemical levels and fibro‐inflammatory responses. Additionally, treatment of amlexanox promoted the fibrosis resolution. In accordance with these findings, amlexanox treatment suppressed HSC activation and its related fibrogenic responses by partially inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Furthermore, amlexanox decreased the activation and inflammatory responses in Kupffer cells. Collectively, we found that inhibition of the TBK1 and IKKε by amlexanox is a promising therapeutic strategy to cure liver fibrosis.