bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoidosis leads to altered differentiation and function of osteoclasts
Authors: Grünherz Lisanne , Prein Carina , Winkler Thomas , Kirsch Manuela , Hopfner Ursula , Streichert Thomas , Clausen‐Schaumann Hauke , Zustin Jozef , Kirchhof Kristin , Morlock Michael M. , Machens Hans‐Günter , Schilling Arndt Friedrich 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn patients with osteomalacia, a defect in bone mineralization leads to changed characteristics of the bone surface. Considering that the properties of the surrounding matrix influence function and differentiation of cells, we aimed to investigate the effect of osteoidosis on differentiation and function of osteoclasts. Based on osteomalacic bone biopsies, a model for osteoidosis in vitro (OIV) was established. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were differentiated to osteoclasts on mineralized surfaces (MS) as internal control and on OIV. We observed a significantly reduced number of osteoclasts and surface resorption on OIV. Atomic force microscopy revealed a significant effect of the altered degree of mineralization on surface mechanics and an unmasking of collagen fibres on the surface. Indeed, coating of MS with RGD peptides mimicked the resorption phenotype observed in OIV, suggesting that the altered differentiation of osteoclasts on OIV might be associated with an interaction of the cells with amino acid sequences of unmasked extracellular matrix proteins containing RGD sequences. Transcriptome analysis uncovered a strong significant up‐regulation of transmembrane glycoprotein TROP2 in osteoclastic cultures on OIV. TROP2 expression on OIV was also confirmed on the protein level and found on the bone surface of patients with osteomalacia. Taken together, our results show a direct influence of the mineralization state of the extracellular matrix surface on differentiation and function of osteoclasts on this surface which may be important for the pathophysiology of osteomalacia and other bone disorders with changed ratio of osteoid to bone.
Characterization of the prognostic values and response to immunotherapy/chemotherapy of Krüppel‐like factors in prostate cancer
Authors: Meng Jialin , Lu Xiaofan , Zhou Yujie , Zhang Meng , Gao Lei , Gao Shenglin , Yan Fangrong , Liang Chaozhao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAt present, the overall genetic and epigenetic effects of Krüppel‐like factors (KLFs) on prostate cancer (PCa) remain unclear. Therefore, we systematically investigated the molecular differences in KLFs of transcription expression, promoter methylation and genetic alteration. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression was used to analyse the effect on RFS and establish the prognostic signature in the TCGA cohort, MSKCC and GSE116918 cohorts employed to validate the signature. Biological pathway enrichment and the potential response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy were inferred. The transcription levels of most KLFs are associated with the clinical outcome of PCa. Gleason score (P = .009), pathology T stage (P = .006), KLF3 (P = .034), KLF5 (P = .002) and KLF7 (P = .035) were independent prognostic factors. A prognostic signature was established in the TCGA cohort (P < .001) and validated in the MSKCC (P < .001) and GSE116918 cohorts (P = .006). Demethylation of KLF5 by 5‐azacytidine led to increased protein levels, whereas knockdown of KLF5 promoted cell proliferation. Patients in KLF‐F were more likely to respond to immunotherapy (P < .001) and bicalutamide (P < .001). In summary, we found that the KLFs and clinical feature‐based signatures may improve prognosis prediction in PCa and further promote patient stratification and disease management.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients treated with apremilast in the real world: results from the APPRECIATE study
Authors: Augustin M. , Kleyn C.E. , Conrad C. , Sator P.G. , Ståhle M. , Eyerich K. , Radtke M.A. , Bundy C. , Mellars L. , Greggio C. , Cordey M. , Koscielny V. , Griffiths C.E.M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAPPRECIATE is a multinational, observational, retrospective, cross‐sectional study in patients treated for psoriasis with apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor.ObjectivesTo describe the characteristics of patients with psoriasis treated with apremilast in the clinical setting, to evaluate real‐world outcomes of psoriasis treatment with apremilast and to better understand the perspectives of patients and physicians on treatment outcomes.MethodsIn six European countries, patients with chronic plaque psoriasis treated in clinical practice who could be contacted 6 (±1) months after apremilast initiation were enrolled. Patient characteristics, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) were obtained from medical records when available. Outcomes were evaluated using patient/physician questionnaires.ResultsIn 480 patients at treatment initiation, mean [median; 95% confidence interval (CI)] PASI and DLQI scores were 12.5 (10.7; 11.6–13.4) and 13.4 (13.0; 11.4–14.2), respectively. At 6 (±1) months, 72.3% of patients (n = 347) continued apremilast treatment [discontinuations: lack of efficacy (13.5%), safety (11.7%), other (2.5%)]. In patients continuing treatment, 48.6% achieved a ≥75% reduction in PASI score; mean (95% CI) DLQI score was 5.7 (4.5–6.9), and mean (SD) Patient Benefit Index score was 2.8 (1.2). Physicians perceived clinical improvement in 75.6% of patients. Physicians’ perspective on overall success of apremilast in meeting expectations correlated with patients’ perception of treatment benefit (r = 0.691). Most commonly reported adverse events (>5% of patients) were diarrhoea, nausea and headache.ConclusionsPatients in APPRECIATE reported high disease burden despite more moderate skin involvement than those who enrolled in clinical trials of apremilast. Findings from APPRECIATE demonstrate the real‐world value of apremilast for psoriasis treatment, as 7 of 10 patients continued therapy and showed notable improvement in disease severity and quality of life 6 (±1) months after apremilast initiation.
No evidence for divergence in male harmfulness or female resistance in response to changes in the opportunity for dispersal
Authors: Lymbery Samuel J. , Wyber Blake , Tomkins Joseph L. , Simmons Leigh W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe outcome of sexual conflict can depend on the social environment, as males respond to changes in the inclusive fitness payoffs of harmfulness and harm females less when they compete with familiar relatives. Theoretical models also predict that if limited male dispersal predictably enhances local relatedness while maintaining global competition, kin selection can produce evolutionary divergences in male harmfulness among populations. Experimental tests of these predictions, however, are rare. We assessed rates of dispersal in female and male seed beetles Callosobruchus maculatus, a model species for studies of sexual conflict, in an experimental setting. Females dispersed significantly more often than males, but dispersing males travelled just as far as dispersing females. Next, we used experimental evolution to test whether limiting dispersal allowed the action of kin selection to affect divergence in male harmfulness and female resistance. Populations of C. maculatus were evolved for 20 and 25 generations under one of three dispersal regimens: completely free dispersal, limited dispersal and no dispersal. There was no divergence among treatments in female reproductive tract scarring, ejaculate size, mating behaviour, fitness of experimental females mated to stock males or fitness of stock females mated to experimental males. We suggest that this is likely due to insufficient strength of kin selection rather than a lack of genetic variation or time for selection. Limited dispersal alone is therefore not sufficient for kin selection to reduce male harmfulness in this species, consistent with general predictions that limited dispersal will only allow kin selection if local relatedness is independent of the intensity of competition among kin.
Floodplain evaluation matrix FEM: A multiparameter assessment methodology
Authors: Habersack Helmut , Schober Bernhard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRiver floodplains allow for higher levels of conveyance and a greater capacity for floodwater, often improving the flood situation locally and regionally in hydrological and hydraulic terms. The European Floods Directive aims to protect existing and to restore potential floodplains to make use of their beneficial functions within an integrated plan of flood risk management. However, river floodplains are confronted with many other demands such as development of settlements, industry, and commerce and its supporting infrastructure. With such developments flood protection measures such as dykes and walls often follow restricting the floodplain's natural boundaries. To limit the loss of floodplains it is necessary to evaluate the importance of floodplains for flood risk management and to develop ultimately support tools for legal and spatial planning. This paper presents a method for evaluating and ranking river floodplains according to hydrological and hydraulic parameters and demonstrates its application at two very different Austrian river reaches. The results show which parameters and associated thresholds prove to be of greatest applicability to support future spatial planning strategies.
Use of the Veggie Meter® as a tool to objectively approximate fruit and vegetable intake among youth for evaluation of preschool and school‐based interventions
Authors: May K. , Jilcott Pitts S. , Stage V. C. , Kelley C. J. , Burkholder S. , Fang X. , Zeng A. , Lazorick S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundReflection spectroscopy is an emerging, non‐invasive objective measure used to approximate fruit and vegetable intake. The present study aimed to use a reflection spectroscopy device (the Veggie Meter®, Longevity Link Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) to assess skin carotenoid status in preschool, middle‐ and high‐school students and to examine associations between skin carotenoids and self‐reported dietary intake.MethodsIn Autumn 2018, we used the Veggie Meter® to assess skin carotenoids and age‐appropriate validated dietary assessment measures to approximate fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. Preschool participants completed a previously validated pictorial liking tool using an iPad (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA). Middle‐school participants completed selected questions from the validated School Physical Activity and Nutrition (SPAN) (Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA) questionnaire regarding frequency of their FV and beverage intake on the previous day, with additional questions about physical activity. High‐school participants’ FV intake was assessed using the Fruit and Vegetable Screener (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA). Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine bivariate associations between measures of dietary intake and Veggie Meter®‐assessed skin carotenoid levels.ResultsMean (SD) Veggie Meter® readings were 266 (82.9), 219 (68.1) and 216 (67.2) among preschool, middle‐ and high‐school students. There was an inverse association between soda intake and Veggie Meter® readings (r = −0.22, P = 0.03) among middle‐school students; and a positive association between daily fruit intake and Veggie Meter® readings (r = 0.25, P = 0.06) among high‐school students.ConclusionsThe Veggie Meter® comprises a promising evaluation tool for preschool and school‐based nutrition interventions.
A model of the multidimensional nature of experienced dietitian clinical decision‐making in the acute care setting
Authors: Vo R. , Smith M. , Patton N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical decision‐making (CDM) is an essential component of dietetic practice that can significantly affect the quality of patient care. Research around CDM in clinical dietetics is scarce, with research in other healthcare professions offering limited insight into dietitian CDM in the specific setting of the acute care hospitals. The aim of this qualitative research was to deepen our understanding of the nature of the CDM of experienced dietitians in the acute care setting.MethodsThe present study employed philosophical hermeneutics to guide methods situated within the interpretative paradigm. This study invited dietitians currently practising in adult acute care hospitals with at least 3 years of experience to be involved two in‐depth semi‐structured interviews using the principles of hermeneutics. A reference focus group session was then used to provide rigour and further interpretation of the findings.ResultsTen dietitians participated in the interviews and five of these same participants in the reference focus group. The findings have informed the development ofA Model of the Multidimensional Nature of Dietitian CDM in the Acute Care Setting, which reflects the nature of making decisions for patient care through the synergistic relationship between five key dimensions: (i) tasks; (ii) interactions; (iii) reasoning; (iv) practitioner factors; and (v) context, all of which are managed and monitored by the higher‐order reasoning process of the dietitian’s clinical judgement.ConclusionsBecause there is scarcity of research on the CDM of dietitians in acute care settings, the present study can provide training and professional development insights to managers, educators and supervisors.
Burden of living with multiple concurrent symptoms in patients with end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Ng Marques Shek Nam , Wong Cho Lee , Ho Eva Hau Sim , Hui Yun Ho , Miaskowski Christine , So Winnie Kwok Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the experience of multiple concurrent symptoms over time and their impact on daily living in patients with end‐stage renal disease undergoing dialysis.BackgroundPatients undergoing dialysis experienced multiple concurrent symptoms because of the disease and treatment. Evidence suggests that these symptoms cluster around and have a significant impact on quality of life. However, the experience of this impact remained not clear.DesignA longitudinal descriptive qualitative study.MethodsTen patients were purposely selected from the cohort of a longitudinal quantitative study in Hong Kong. A total of 28 face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews were conducted between July 2017 and July 2018. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Findings were reported following the COREQ checklist.ResultsFour themes emerged from the data. The first theme “complex symptom experience” described a dynamic pattern of symptoms among patients. Although patients were unaware of the relationships among symptoms, a cluster of tiredness, breathlessness, dizziness and sleep disturbance was identified in the narratives of individual symptoms. The report of symptom experience and its change revealed a unique pattern of symptom perception. The three other themes illustrated the impact of multiple concurrent symptoms on daily living, namely “decreased physical functioning,” “changes in social functioning” and “diet and fluid restrictions.”ConclusionsPatients perceived dynamic and complex symptom experiences. This perception appears to be modulated by a number of factors. In addition, these experiences had negative and positive effects on patients' daily living.Relevance to clinical practicePatients perceived unique impact of symptoms on daily living. Therefore, a nurse‐led person‐centred approach of care is warranted. In addition to routine symptom assessment, nurses need to capture the specific impact of symptoms on day‐to‐day life. Based on this assessment, symptom management interventions (e.g. health education, referral) can be tailor‐made and prioritised.
Effects of organisational justice, work engagement and nurses' perception of care quality on turnover intention among newly licensed registered nurses: A structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Cao Ting , Huang Xiuxiu , Wang Limin , Li Bei , Dong Xu , Lu Han , Wan Qiaoqin , Shang Shaomei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate turnover intention among newly licensed registered nurses and to clarify the impact pathways of organisational justice, work engagement and nurses’ perception of care quality on turnover intention.BackgroundNurse shortage is an ongoing and urgent issue worldwide, in which nurse turnover could exacerbate the situation. Newly licensed registered nurses will become the main nursing workforce in the future; however, previous studies have not revealed the specific reasons underlying their turnover intentions.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional design.MethodsA total of 569 newly licensed registered nurses undertaking direct care were recruited from thirteen hospitals from October to November 2018 across Beijing, China. Based on the job demands–resources model, we advanced a hypothetical model, linking the paths between organisational justice, work engagement, nurses’ perception of care quality and turnover intention. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the hypothetical model. The study adhered to the STROBE statement for observational studies.ResultsIn total, 22.3% of newly licensed registered nurses had a high turnover intention. The final model had an acceptable fit and could explain 58% of the variance in turnover intention. The organisational justice was directly related to high work engagement, great nurses’ perception of care quality and low turnover intention. Additionally, organisational justice also had indirect effects on great nurses’ perception of care quality and low turnover intention, which were partially mediated by work engagement. However, the effect of nurses’ perception of care quality on turnover intention was not significant.ConclusionThe improvement of organisational justice could enhance work engagement, and nurses’ perception of care quality, and reduce turnover intention, which is crucial to improving care quality and addressing the shortage of nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides evidence for policymakers and hospital administrators to take targeted measures to enhance work engagement, foster high‐quality care and create better defences against losing nurses.
Performance competence of pregraduate nursing students and hospital nurses: A comparison study
Authors: Liou Shwu‐Ru , Liu Hsiu‐Chen , Tsai Shu‐Ling , Chu Tsui‐Ping , Cheng Ching‐Yu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo compare and contrast the competence in clinical performance between pregraduate nursing students and hospital nurses. The study also explored the most difficult technical skills for the participants to perform.BackgroundAssessment, communication and critical thinking are competencies that help in providing safe and appropriate care for patients. Yet, self‐perceived competence was mostly measured while performance competence that reflected nurses’ performance in real cases has seldom been explored in literature.DesignA cross‐sectional design was applied. The study adhered to the STROBE guidelines to improve reporting quality.MethodFifty‐two nurses and 50 nursing students completed the Computerized Model of Performance‐Based Measurement system, which measures performance competence including the steps of critical thinking, conflict resolutions and common clinical technical problems. Six case scenarios containing 107 test questions were completed.ResultsOnly 53.85% of nurses and 20.0% of students achieved a satisfactory level of performance competence. They showed low scores on the steps of critical thinking: “collecting data from on‐site physical assessment,” “processing information,” “recognising/prioritising problems” and “arranging a course of action for patient care,” as well as solving common technical problems and conflicts. The three most difficult skills to perform were CPR, reading EKGs and venipuncture/starting intravenous lines.ConclusionsThe study captured the participants’ weaknesses in the critical thinking process and the nursing skills that were difficult to perform. These skills are imperative to nursing care and need to be strengthened in school and in‐service education. The academic curriculum and course design for students as well as training programmes for nurses need to be reviewed to address the challenges to be faced in a clinical setting.Relevance to clinical practiceTeaching‐learning strategies that focus on enhancing critical thinking and performing difficult skills need to be designed and implemented both in practice and in school.
Comparison of the transcriptional profile in the decidua of early‐onset and late‐onset pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Tong Jing , Niu Yichao , Chen Zi‐Jiang , Zhang Cong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo compare early‐onset pre‐eclampsia (EOPE) and late‐onset pre‐eclampsia (LOPE) and provide insight into the pathophysiology of pre‐eclampsia (PE).MethodsOur recent work compared the transcriptomics in decidua of EOPE, LOPE and normal pregnancies (NP).ResultsWe found there are a significant number of genes uniquely expressed in the decidua of EOPE and LOPE comparing with NP. Moreover, EOPE and LOPE have their distinct profiles. Unique EOPE‐associated genes were mainly involved in apoptosis related pathways such as ‘apoptosis’ and ‘Ras signaling pathway’. PIK3CB and BCL‐2 are the core regulatory genes in EOPE decidua, their abnormal expression caused decidual abnormal apoptosis which is relevant to the pathogenesis of EOPE. Whereas, LOPE is a more complicated entity which has more special LOPE‐associated genes involved in decidua differentiation, especially in ‘gap junction pathway’, ‘vascular smooth muscle contraction’ and ‘long‐term depression’. PIK3CB, FLT1, CBLC and ITGA7 are the core regulatory genes differentially expressed in EOPE decidua comparing with LOPE.ConclusionIn brief, the different decidual transcriptomics of EOPE and LOPE may correlate with their different etiology. These findings highlight the complex pathophysiology of PE and provide potential targets for a new treatment strategy in patients with PE.
Decision aids available for parents making end‐of‐life or palliative care decisions for children: A scoping review
Authors: Medeiros Christina , Buckley Laura , Metcalfe Kelly , Narayanan Unni G , Widger Kimberley 
Published: April 2020

AimTo identify and assess the quality of decision aids that align the decision, values and information provided for parents making end‐of‐life or palliative care decisions for children with life‐threatening conditions.MethodsSix databases and the grey literature were searched in December 2018. Two reviewers independently reviewed database citations, and one reviewed grey literature citations. Citation chaining via Scopus was conducted. Quality was assessed using IPDAS Collaboration Criteria.ResultsAfter reviewing 18 671 database citations and 10 988 grey literature citations, 18 citations describing 11 decision aids remained. Decision aids targeted premature infants, children requiring airway management, children with cancer and children with scoliosis. Three aids underwent testing beyond initial development. Quality scores averaged 27 of 50 points.ConclusionsThere are few high‐quality decision aids available for use and a lack evidence of widespread clinical use. Additional research is needed to support systematic development and the use of decision aids with families.