bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of cutting conditions using artificial neural networks and the Edgeworth-Pareto method for CNC face-milling operations on high-strength grade-H steel
Authors: Abbas Adel Taha , Pimenov Danil Yurievich , Erdakov Ivan Nikolaevich , Mikolajczyk Tadeusz , Soliman Mahmoud Sayed , El Rayes Magdy Mostafa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) face milling is commonly used to manufacture products from high-strength grade-H steel in both the automotive and the construction industry. The various milling operations for these components have key performance indicators: accuracy, surface roughness (Ra), and machining time for removal of a unit volume min/cm3 (Tm). The specified surface roughness values for machining each component is achieved based on the prototype specifications. However, poor adherence to specifications can result in the rejection of the machined parts, implying extra production costs and raw material wastage. An algorithm using an artificial neural network (ANN) with the Edgeworth-Pareto method is presented in this paper to optimize the cutting parameter in CNC face-milling operations. The set of parameters are adjusted to improve surface roughness and minimal unit-volume material removal rates, thereby reducing production costs and improving accuracy. An ANN algorithm is designed in Matlab, based on a 3–10-1 Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), which predicts the Ra of the workpiece surface to an accuracy of ± 5.78% within the range of the experimental angular spindle speed, feed rate, and cutting depth. An unprecedented Pareto frontier for Ra and Tm was obtained for the finished grade-H steel workpiece using an ANN algorithm that was then used to determine optimized cutting conditions. Depending on the production objective, one or the other of two sets of optimum machining conditions can be used: the first one sets a minimum cutting power, while the other sets a maximum Tm with a slight increase (under 5%) in milling costs.
Conservation process of archaeological waterlogged wood studied by spectroscopy and gradient NMR methods
Authors: Kowalczuk Joanna , Rachocki Adam , Broda Magdalena , Mazela Bartłomiej , Ormondroyd Graham A. , Tritt-Goc Jadwiga 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The properties of methyltrimethoxysilane-treated, waterlogged archeological elm wood were studied by magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. The spatially resolved proton density images, spin–spin relaxation profiles, proton NMR spectra, and self-diffusion coefficients of the preservative agents were measured during drying. The resolution of the data allowed for the differentiation between the early and late wood areas of the elm wood and determination of the shrinkage of the sample in the tangential and radial directions, and it showed the different dynamics of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) in the lumen cells of both early and late woods. The NMR spectra indicated that the MTMS, after rapid evaporation of ethanol, is bound to the wood. Identical measurements were also taken for the archeological elm wood treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and for an untreated wood sample. From the results, it can be concluded that MTMS showed significantly higher stability against shrinkage when compared to PEG. Therefore, it may be considered as an alternative preservative for archeological wood.
Optimal EPO dosing in hemodialysis patients using a non-linear model predictive control approach
Authors: Rogg S. , Fuertinger D. H. , Volkwein S. , Kappel F. , Kotanko P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Anemia management with erythropoiesis stimulating agents is a challenging task in hemodialysis patients since their response to treatment varies highly. In general, it is difficult to achieve and maintain the predefined hemoglobin (Hgb) target levels in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to develop a fully personalizable controller scheme to stabilize Hgb levels within a narrow target window while keeping drug doses low to mitigate side effects. First in-silico results of this framework are presented in this paper. Based on a model of erythropoiesis we formulate a non-linear model predictive control (NMPC) algorithm for the individualized optimization of epoetin alfa (EPO) doses. Previous to this work, model parameters were estimated for individual patients using clinical data. The optimal control problem is formulated for a continuous drug administration. This is currently a hypothetical form of drug administration for EPO as it would require a programmable EPO pump similar to insulin pumps used to treat patients with diabetes mellitus. In each step of the NMPC method the open-loop problem is solved with a projected quasi-Newton method. The controller is successfully tested in-silico on several patient parameter sets. An appropriate control is feasible in the tested patients under the assumption that the controlled quantity is measured regularly and that continuous EPO administration is adjusted on a daily, weekly or monthly basis. Further, the controller satisfactorily handles the following challenging problems in simulations: bleedings, missed administrations and dosing errors.
Redo surgery with longitudinal resection for dilated bowel in Hirschsprung disease: an illustrative case series
Authors: Roorda Daniëlle , Surridge Tessa J. , Visschers Ruben G. J. , Derikx Joep P. M. , van Heurn L. W. Ernest 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Patients with Hirschsprung disease (HD) can have persistent obstructive symptoms after resection of the aganglionic segment. If obstructive symptoms are treated inadequately, this may lead to recurrent faecal stasis and impaction, and may result in severe distension of the bowel. A permanently distended bowel which not responds to conservative treatment may be an indication for redo surgery. The aim of this study is to describe our experiences and the short-term results of a novel technique: longitudinal antimesenteric resection with a longitudinal anastomosis.

Methods
We reviewed the medical records of our three patients who underwent longitudinal resection of severe distended bowel. This technique aims to improve defecation by improving faecal passage and is characterized by resection of the antimesenteric side of the distended intestinal segment, followed by plication with a longitudinal anastomosis. In this paper, this novel technique is described in detail, as well as short-term outcomes.

Results
All patients had an uneventful recovery after longitudinal antimesenteric resection. During follow-up, the functional outcomes were excellent, with a large improvement of bowel function. All patients were continent for faeces, and treated with low-dose laxatives or occasional preventive irrigation in one patient. There were no more complaints of persistent constipation or soiling.

Conclusion
Longitudinal resection is a surgical redo-procedure offering large benefits for patients with Hirschsprung disease with distended bowel after primary surgery.
A different view on fine-scale population structure in Western African populations
Authors: Chaichoompu Kridsadakorn , Abegaz Fentaw , Cavadas Bruno , Fernandes Verónica , Müller-Myhsok Bertram , Pereira Luísa , Van Steen Kristel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDue to its long genetic evolutionary history, Africans exhibit more genetic variation than any other population in the world. Their genetic diversity further lends itself to subdivisions of Africans into groups of individuals with a genetic similarity of varying degrees of granularity. It remains challenging to detect fine-scale structure in a computationally efficient and meaningful way. In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept of a novel fine-scale population structure detection tool with Western African samples. These samples consist of 1396 individuals from 25 ethnic groups (two groups are African American descendants). The strategy is based on a recently developed tool called IPCAPS. IPCAPS, or Iterative Pruning to CApture Population Structure, is a genetic divisive clustering strategy that enhances iterative pruning PCA, is robust to outliers and does not require a priori computation of haplotypes. Our strategy identified in total 12 groups and 6 groups were revealed as fine-scale structure detected in the samples from Cameroon, Gambia, Mali, Southwest USA, and Barbados. Our finding helped to explain evolutionary processes in the analyzed West African samples and raise awareness for fine-scale structure resolution when conducting genome-wide association and interaction studies.
Incoherent light control through scattering media based on machine learning and its application to multiview stereo displays
Authors: Horisaki Ryoichi , Mori Yuki , Tanida Jun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we present a method for controlling incoherent light through scattering media based on machine learning and its potential application to multiview stereo displays. The inverse function between input and output light intensity patterns through a scattering medium is regressed with a machine learning algorithm. The inverse function is used for calculating an input pattern for generating a target output pattern through a scattering medium. We demonstrate the proposed method by assuming a potential application to multiview stereo displays. This concept enables us to use a diffuser as a parallax barrier, a cylindrical lens array, or a lens array on a conventional multiview stereo display, which will contribute to a low-cost, highly functional display. A neural network is trained with a large number of pairs of displayed random patterns and their parallax images at different observation points, and then a displayed image is calculated from arbitrary parallax images using the trained neural network. In the experimental demonstration, the scattering-based multiview stereo display was composed of a diffuser and a conventional liquid crystal display, and it reproduced different handwritten characters, which were captured by a stereo camera.
Delayed gratification in New Caledonian crows and young children: influence of reward type and visibility
Authors: Miller Rachael , Frohnwieser Anna , Schiestl Martina , McCoy Dakota E. , Gray Russell D. , Taylor Alex H. , Clayton Nicola S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSelf-control underlies cognitive abilities such as decision making and future planning. Delay of gratification is a measure of self-control and involves obtaining a more valuable outcome in the future by tolerating a delay or investing a greater effort in the present. Contextual issues, such as reward visibility and type, may influence delayed gratification performance, although there has been limited comparative investigation between humans and other animals, particularly non-primate species. Here, we adapted an automated ‘rotating tray’ paradigm used previously with capuchin monkeys to test for delay of gratification ability that requires little pre-test training, where the subject must forgo an immediate, less preferred reward for a delayed, more preferred one. We tested New Caledonian crows and 3–5-year-old human children. We manipulated reward types to differ in quality or quantity (Experiments 1 and 2) as well as visibility (Experiment 2). In Experiments 1 and 2, both species performed better when the rewards varied in quality as opposed to quantity, though performed above chance in both conditions. In Experiment 1, both crows and children were able to delay gratification when both rewards were visible. In Experiment 2, 5-year-old children outperformed 3- and 4-year olds, though overall children still performed well, while the crows struggled when reward visibility was manipulated, a result which may relate to difficulties in tracking the experimenters’ hands during baiting. We discuss these findings in relation to the role of contextual issues on self-control when making species comparisons and investigating the mechanisms of self-control.
An orthotropic electro-viscoelastic model for the heart with stress-assisted diffusion
Authors: Propp Adrienne , Gizzi Alessio , Levrero-Florencio Francesc , Ruiz-Baier Ricardo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We propose and analyse the properties of a new class of models for the electromechanics of cardiac tissue. The set of governing equations consists of nonlinear elasticity using a viscoelastic and orthotropic exponential constitutive law, for both active stress and active strain formulations of active mechanics, coupled with a four-variable phenomenological model for human cardiac cell electrophysiology, which produces an accurate description of the action potential. The conductivities in the model of electric propagation are modified according to stress, inducing an additional degree of nonlinearity and anisotropy in the coupling mechanisms, and the activation model assumes a simplified stretch–calcium interaction generating active tension or active strain. The influence of the new terms in the electromechanical model is evaluated through a sensitivity analysis, and we provide numerical validation through a set of computational tests using a novel mixed-primal finite element scheme.
Economic Return on Investment of Parent Training Programmes for the Prevention of Child Externalising Behaviour Problems
Authors: Nystrand Camilla , Hultkrantz Lars , Vimefall Elin , Feldman Inna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Economic models to inform decision-making are gaining popularity, especially for preventive interventions. However, there are few estimates of the long-term returns to parenting interventions used to prevent mental health problems in children. Using data from a randomised controlled trial evaluating five indicated parenting interventions for parents of children aged 5–12, we modeled the economic returns resulting from reduced costs in the health care and education sector, and increased long-term productivity in a Swedish setting. Analyses done on the original trial population, and on various sized local community populations indicated positive benefit–cost ratios. Even smaller local authorities would financially break-even, thus interventions were of good value-for-money. Benefit–cost analyses of such interventions may improve the basis for resource allocation within local decision-making.
The ratio of response spectra from seismic-type free-field and building foundation vibrations: the influence of rockburst parameters and simple models of kinematic soil-structure interaction
Authors: Kuzniar Krystyna , Tatara Tadeusz 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mining-related seismicity is a significant problem in regions with the exploitation in underground mines. Despite the fact that mining tremors result from human activity and are classified as so-called paraseismic shocks, as with earthquakes, they are random events. Moreover, these rockbursts could cause significant damage to surface structures, including buildings. This paper deals with the analysis of experimentally obtained results in terms of the differences between the mine-induced vibrations described by the response spectra from the free-field near a given building and the simultaneously recorded vibrations in the building foundations. The influences of epicentral distance, mining tremor energy and the value of peak ground acceleration on the curves of free-field—foundation response spectra ratio were studied. The impact of the type of building on the transmission of response spectra from the free-field vibrations to the building foundations was also analysed for three types of apartment buildings (low-rise, medium-rise, high-rise). The usefulness of the approximate models of the phenomenon of soil-structure interaction during earthquakes proposed in the literature is also estimated in this paper in specific instances of mining tremors. Furthermore, the study presents original, simple, empirical models for the evaluation of the differences in the response spectra originating from free-field and building foundation vibrations in the mining region.
Assessment of the Laurentian Great Lakes’ hydrological conditions in a changing climate
Authors: Mailhot Edouard , Music Biljana , Nadeau Daniel F. , Frigon Anne , Turcotte Richard 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA set of 28 simulations from five regional climate models are used in this study to assess the Great Lakes’ water supply from 1953 to 2100 following emissions scenarios RCP4.5 and 8.5 with a focus on bi-weekly changes in the means and extremes of hydrological variables. Models are first evaluated by comparing annual cycles of precipitation, runoff, evaporation and net basin supply (NBS) with observations. Trends in mean values are then studied for each variable using Theil-Sen’s statistical test. Changes in extreme conditions are analyzed using generalized extreme values distributions for a reference period (1971–2000) and two future periods (2041–2070 and 2071–2100). Ensemble trend results show evaporation increases of 136 and 204 mm (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) over the Great Lakes between 1953 and 2100. Precipitation increases by 83 and 140 mm and runoff increases by 68 and 135 mm. Trends are not equally distributed throughout the year as seasonal changes differ greatly. As a result, Great Lakes net basin supply is expected to increase in winter and spring and decrease in summer. Over the entire year, NBS increases of 14 and 70 mm are projected for scenarios RCP4.5 and 8.5 respectively by the year 2100. An analysis of extreme values reveals that precipitation and NBS maxima increase by 11 to 27% and 1 to 9% respectively, while NBS minima decrease by 18 to 29% between 1971–2000 and 2041–2100.
Drones in humanitarian contexts, robot ethics, and the human–robot interaction
Authors: van Wynsberghe Aimee , Comes Tina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
There are two dominant trends in the humanitarian care of 2019: the ‘technologizing of care’ and the centrality of the humanitarian principles. The concern, however, is that these two trends may conflict with one another. Faced with the growing use of drones in the humanitarian space there is need for ethical reflection to understand if this technology undermines humanitarian care. In the humanitarian space, few agree over the value of drone deployment; one school of thought believes drones can provide a utility serving those in need while another believes the large scale deployment of drones will exacerbate the already prevalent issues facing humanitarian aid providers. We suggest in this paper that the strength of the humanitarian principles approach to answer questions of aid provision can be complimented by a technology-facing approach, namely that of robot ethics. We have shown that for humanitarian actors we ought to be concerned with the risks of a loss of contextualization and de-skilling. For the beneficiary, we raise three concerns associated with the threat to the principle of humanity for this group: a loss of dignity by reducing human-to-human interactions; a threat to dignity through a lack of informational transparency; and, a threat to dignity by failing to account for the physiological and behavioral impacts of the drone on human actors. Although we acknowledge the obstacles (and dangers) associated with understanding the physiological and behavioral impacts we insist that the moral acceptability and desirability of drones in humanitarian contexts is dependent on the findings from such studies and that tailored ethical guidelines for drone deployment in humanitarian action be created to reflect the results of such studies.
Involvement of homocastasterone, salicylic and abscisic acids in the regulation of drought and freezing tolerance in doubled haploid lines of winter barley
Authors: Malaga Sabina , Janeczko Anna , Janowiak Franciszek , Waligórski Piotr , Oklestkova Jana , Dubas Ewa , Krzewska Monika , Nowicka Anna , Surówka Ewa , Rapacz Marcin , Wójcik-Jagła Magdalena , Kopeć Przemysław , Hura Tomasz , Ostrowska Agnieszka , Kaczanowska Katarzyna , Żur Iwona 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ten doubled haploid (DH) lines of winter barley with an increased range of freezing/drought tolerance were used to identify phytohormones involved in plant stress acclimation. Cold hardening and drought stress were applied at the most critical stages of plant development on young seedlings and heading plants, respectively. The level of the phytohormones was significantly higher at heading, more than 5-fold in respect of salicylic acid (SA) and total brassinosteroids (BRs) and 1.7-fold in the case of abscisic acid (ABA). Moreover, the spectrum of detectable BRs increased from one—homocastasterone (HCS)—found in seedlings to four BRs identified in heading plants [HCS, castasterone (CS), teasterone and dolicholide], with the last one detected for the first time in cereal species. To some extent freezing tolerance seems to be determined by native hormonal status as control seedlings of tolerant DH lines contained 1.4- and 2.3-fold lower amount of ABA and HCS and 2.3-fold higher amount of SA in comparison to freezing-sensitive ones. Such dependency was not observed in heading plants as significant variation in CS content was the only detected difference. Under stress treatments, tolerant DH lines accumulated significantly lower (75–81%) amount of ABA, which probably reflected lower stress intensity resulting from another defence strategy. In contrast, stress-induced significant almost 2-fold increase in HCS/CS and 2–3-fold decrease in SA content specific for tolerant DH lines of barley suggest the involvement of these molecules in freezing/drought defence. Detected correlations suggest their interaction with nonspecific peroxidase and low molecular weight antioxidants.
How do we construct and operate experimental streams? An overview of facilities, protocols, and studied questions
Authors: Menczelesz Noémi , Szivák Ildikó , Schmera Dénes 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Experimental streams are bounded and partly enclosed lotic units that facilitate the simulation of certain aspects of natural stream ecosystems under controlled conditions. We summarized the current knowledge regarding experimental streams in order to support researchers in designing and undertaking future studies using experimental streams. We observed an increase in the number of such studies since 1975. The geographically uneven distribution of studies suggests that the generalization of findings to global scale may not be straightforward. Our results indicate that macroinvertebrates, fish, and algae are the most frequently studied organisms and that the size of the experimental streams was related to the focal organism group(s) studied. The size of the units decreased over time, while the number of treatments, interpreted as the combination of the levels of factors, increased. These results suggest that biologically complex studies have gradually been replaced by biologically less complex ones. In contrast, the experimental complexity (the number of treatments) and the statistical power (number of replication) increased. Finally, we identified a number of important, but poorly documented pieces of information regarding experimental stream systems and experimental protocols and made recommendations for future research.