bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Donald O. Hebb and the Organization of Behavior: 17 years in the writing
Authors: Brown Richard E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Organization of Behaviorhas played a significant part in the development of behavioural neuroscience for the last 70 years. This book introduced the concepts of the “Hebb synapse”, the “Hebbian cell assembly” and the “Phase sequence”. The most frequently cited of these is the Hebb synapse, but the cell assembly may be Hebb’s most important contribution. Even after 70 years, Hebb’s theory is still relevant because it is a general framework for relating behavior to synaptic organization through the development of neural networks.The Organization of Behaviorwas Hebb’s 40th publication. His first published papers in 1937 were on the innate organization of the visual system and he first used the phrase “the organization of behavior” in 1938. However, Hebb wrote a number of unpublished papers between 1932 and 1945 in which he developed the ideas published inThe Organization of Behavior. Thus, the concept of the neural organization of behavior was central to Hebb’s thinking from the beginning of his academic career. But his thinking about the organization of behavior in 1949 was different from what it was between 1932 and 1937. This paper examines Hebb’s early ideas on the neural basis of behavior and attempts to trace the rather arduous series of steps through which he developed these ideas into the book that was published asThe Organization of Behavior. Using the 1946 typescript and Hebb’s correspondence we can see a number of changes made in the book before it was published. Finally, a number of issues arising from the book, and the importance of the book today are discussed.
Everolimus versus alpelisib in advanced hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer: targeting different nodes of the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway with different clinical implications
Authors: Vernieri Claudio , Corti Francesca , Nichetti Federico , Ligorio Francesca , Manglaviti Sara , Zattarin Emma , Rea Carmen G. , Capri Giuseppe , Bianchi Giulia V. , de Braud Filippo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 axis is implicated in hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (HR+ HER2− mBC) resistance to anti-estrogen treatments. Based on results of the BOLERO-2 trial, the mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus in combination with the steroidal aromatase inhibitor (AI) exemestane has become a standard treatment for patients with HR+ HER2− mBC resistant to prior non-steroidal AI therapy. In the recent SOLAR-1 trial, the inhibitor of the PI3K alpha subunit (p110α) alpelisib in combination with fulvestrant prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) when compared to fulvestrant alone in patients withPIK3CA-mutated HR+ HER2− mBC that progressed after/on previous AI treatment. Therefore, two different molecules targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 axis, namely everolimus and alpelisib, are available for patients progressing on/after previous AI treatment, but it is unclear how to optimize their use in the clinical practice.Main body of the abstractHere, we reviewed the available clinical evidence deriving from the BOLERO-2 and SOLAR-1 trials to compare efficacy and safety profiles of everolimus and alpelisib in advanced HR+ HER2− BC treatment. Adding either compound to standard endocrine therapy provided similar absolute and relative PFS advantage. In the SOLAR-1 trial, a 76% incidence of grade (G) 3 or 4 (G3/G4) adverse events was reported, while G3/G4 toxicities occurred in 42% of patients in the BOLERO-2 trial. While alpelisib was only effective in patients withPIK3CA-mutated neoplasms, retrospective analyses indicate that everolimus improves exemestane efficacy independently ofPIK3CAmutational status.ConclusionsBased on the available efficacy and safety data, the “new” alpelisib may be burdened by higher incidence of severe adverse events, higher costs, and anticancer efficacy that is limited toPIK3CA-mutated tumors when compared to the “old” everolimus. Therefore, the everolimus-exemestane combination remains an effective and reasonably well-tolerated therapeutic option for HR+ HER2− mBC patients progressing after/on previous AI treatment, independently ofPIK3CAmutational status.
Multiphase CT-based prediction of Child-Pugh classification: a machine learning approach
Authors: Thüring Johannes , Rippel Oliver , Haarburger Christoph , Merhof Dorit , Schad Philipp , Bruners Philipp , Kuhl Christiane K. , Truhn Daniel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
To evaluate whether machine learning algorithms allow the prediction of Child-Pugh classification on clinical multiphase computed tomography (CT).

Methods
A total of 259 patients who underwent diagnostic abdominal CT (unenhanced, contrast-enhanced arterial, and venous phases) were included in this retrospective study. Child-Pugh scores were determined based on laboratory and clinical parameters. Linear regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms were used to predict the Child-Pugh class. Their performances were compared to the prediction of experienced radiologists (ERs). Spearman correlation coefficients and accuracy were assessed for all predictive models. Additionally, a binary classification in low disease severity (Child-Pugh class A) and advanced disease severity (Child-Pugh class ≥ B) was performed.

Results
Eleven imaging features exhibited a significant correlation when adjusted for multiple comparisons with Child-Pugh class. Significant correlations between predicted and measured Child-Pugh classes were observed (ρLA = 0.35, ρRF = 0.32, ρCNN = 0.51, ρERs = 0.60; p < 0.001). Significantly better accuracies for the prediction of Child-Pugh classes versus no-information rate were found for CNN and ERs (p ≤ 0.034), not for LR and RF (p ≥ 0.384). For binary severity classification, the area under the curve at receiver operating characteristic analysis was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.042) for LR (0.71) and RF (0.69) than for CNN (0.80) and ERs (0.76), without significant differences between CNN and ERs (p = 0.144).

Conclusions
The performance of a CNN in assessing Child-Pugh class based on multiphase abdominal CT images is comparable to that of ERs.
Feasibility and impact of using an automated user interface for proton spectroscopy in multiparametric MRI of the prostate
Authors: Abd Ellah Mohamed M. H. , Kremser Christian , Judmaier Werner , Kiefer Berthold , Requardt Martin , Neji Radhouene , Kamel Hosam M. , Junker Daniel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Multiparametric MRI including MR spectroscopy has recently gained much acceptance being a non-invasive imaging modality for the evaluation of prostate cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and effectiveness of an assisted workflow for guided and automated multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) of the prostate including MR spectroscopy (MRS) on a 3 T scanner.
Fifty-six consecutive patients (age range 44–73 years, mean 63 years) with suspected prostate cancer underwent mpMRI using a surface coil in a 3 T MR scanner. Thirty-eight patients were examined using a newly developed computer-assisted workflow and a control group of 18 randomly selected patients with the conventional technique. Overall examination time, spectral quality, saturation pulse positioning, and the outcome of automatic prostate segmentation were compared. A grading of 1 to 5 was used, where 1 represents the highest and 5 the lowest quality of the respective results.

Results
Both the conventional technique and the computer-assisted workflow provided good spectral quality. No significant differences were found regarding saturation pulse positioning and spectral quality (P > 0.05). However, a significant difference regarding overall examination time was found, 40.78 min versus 32.6 min for conventional and computer-assisted workflow respectively (P < 0.001). The automated scanning technique also showed satisfactory results for automated prostate segmentation.

Conclusions
The computer-assisted workflow achieved good spectral quality while reducing overall examination time. This time saving effect may allow the inclusion of MRS in clinical routine.
The Clinicopathological and Survival Profiles Comparison Across Primary Sites in Acral Melanoma
Authors: Wei Xiaoting , Wu Di , Li Hang , Zhang Rui , Chen Yu , Yao Hong , Chi Zhihong , Sheng Xinan , Cui Chuanliang , Bai Xue , Qi Zhonghui , Li Ke , Lan Shijie , Chen Lizhu , Guo Rui , Yao Xinyu , Mao Lili , Lian Bin , Kong Yan , Dai Jie , Tang Bixia , Yan Xieqiao , Wang Xuan , Li Siming , Zhou Li , Balch Charles M. , Si Lu , Guo Jun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The clinicopathological and survival profiles across primary sites in acral melanoma (AM) are still controversial and unclear.

Methods
This is a multi-center retrospective study. Clinicopathological data of AM patients diagnosed between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2017 from 6 large tertiary hospitals in China were extracted. Chi square tests were used to compare basic characteristics between primary sites of sole, palm and nail bed. Melanoma-specific survival (MSS) differences based on primary sites were compared by log-rank tests and multivariate Cox regressions were used to identify prognostic factors for MSS.

Results
In total, 1157 AM patients were included. The sole group had a more advanced initial stage, deeper Breslow thickness, higher recurrence rate and distant metastases risk (all P < 0.05). The proportion of age < 65 years and ulceration were statistically lower in nail bed and palm groups, respectively. A total of 294 patients underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy and rates of positive SLN status had no statistical difference across primary sites. Among 701 patients with genetic profiles, the mutational frequency of BRAF, C-KIT, and PDGFRA were similar except for NRAS (higher in sole group, P = 0.0102). The median MSS of sole, nail bed and palm patients were 65.0 months, 112.0 months, and not reached, respectively (log-rank P = 0.0053). In multivariate analyses, primary site, initial stage, ulceration and recurrence were the prognostic factors for MSS in overall population, but the statistical significance varied over primary sites.

Conclusions
Substantial clinicopathological and survival heterogeneities exist across different primary sites in the AM population. Sole melanoma has worse prognosis compared with palm and nail bed subtypes.
Significant Medical Comorbidities Are Associated With Lower Causality Scores in Patients Presenting With Suspected Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Ghabril Marwan , Gu Jiezhun , Yoder Lindsay , Corbito Laura , Dakhoul Lara , Ringel Amit , Beyer Christian D. , Vuppalanchi Raj , Barnhart Huiman , Hayashi Paul H. , Chalasani Naga 
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a diagnosis of exclusion, and it can be challenging to adjudicate when there are multiple comorbidities and concomitant medications. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that comorbidity burden impacts the causality adjudication in patients with suspected DILI.

METHODS:
We studied consecutive patients with suspected DILI enrolled in the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network Prospective Study at 2 centers between 2003 and 2017. The comorbidity burden at presentation was determined using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). We analyzed the association between significant comorbidity (CCI > 75th percentile) and (i) the adjudication of DILI by expert consensus as definite, highly likely, or probable (high-confidence DILI) and (ii) the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) scores.

RESULTS:
Our cohort consisted of 551 patients who were classified as “no comorbidity” (54%, CCI = 0), “mild comorbidity” (29%, CCI = 1 or 2), and “significant comorbidity” (17%, CCI > 2). The probability of high-confidence DILI was significantly lower in patients with significant comorbidity compared with those with mild or no comorbidities (67% vs 76% vs 87%, respectively, P < 0.001). The mean RUCAM scores decreased with increasing comorbidity (no comorbidity 6.6 ± 2, mild comorbidity 6 ± 2.4, and significant comorbidity 5.6 ± 2.7, P < 0.001). In the multiple logistic regression, significant comorbidity had an independent inverse relationship with DILI (odds ratio: 0.37, 95% confidence interval: 0.2–0.69, P = 0.001).

DISCUSSION:
Higher comorbidity burden impacts the causality assessment in patients with suspected DILI. Further studies are needed to investigate the utility of comorbidity burden as a variable in the DILI causality instruments.
CUIDADO FARMACEUTICO A PACIENTES EM TRATAMENTO COM HERCEPTINR (TRANSTUZUMABE): UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Silva Juliana dos Santos , Rodrigues Felipe Cyrino , Braga Raquel Rennó 
Published: April 2020

O cuidado farmacêutico a pacientes oncológicos pode contribuir para o bem estar do paciente durante toda a terapia e para que este não abandone o tratamento. Esta prática está fundamentada no arcabouço teórico da Atenção Farmacêutica que propõe a mudança de foco do produto para o ser humano e propõe a construção de uma prática voltada para a prevenção, identificação e resolução de problemas relacionados ao uso de medicamentos (PRM) para melhorar a saúde das pessoas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi um estudo de caso sobre o cuidado farmacêutico prestado a pacientes em tratamento com o medicamento antineoplásico Herceptin® (trastuzumabe) em uma clínica oncológica no Rio de Janeiro. Quatro pacientes foram acompanhadas por período de quatro meses no ano de 2016. Os principais PRM identificados durante os atendimentos foram de segurança, relacionados a reações adversas do tratamento. Foram realizadas intervenções farmacêuticas junto às pacientes e aos prescritores. As intervenções mais frequentes, realizadas junto às pacientes, foram de educação sobre a doença e sobre o tratamento. As intervenções educativas ajudaram a melhorar a compreensão das pacientes sobre a doença e o tratamento, contribuindo para a manutenção da farmacoterapia. O presente trabalho evidencia a importância da atuação do farmacêutico na melhora da qualidade de vida das pacientes acompanhadas.
GRAU DE SATISFAÇÃO MOMENTÂNEO DA COMUNIDADE ACADÊMICA DA FACULDADE DE FARMÁCIA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Soler Orenzio , Cunha Adriene Braga da , Vieira Roseane de Nazaré Moura , Almeida Eduardo Dias , Baptista Ester Roseli 
Published: April 2020

A Faculdade de Farmácia do Instituto de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal do Pará tem 116 anos. Dedica‑se à formação de profissionais farmacêuticos e busca da excelência acadêmica. Empreende esforços para que seu projeto pedagógico se mantenha atualizado, passando por transformações a fim de que sua aplicabilidade proporcione melhorias para a tríade ensino‑pesquisa‑extensão. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar o grau de satisfação momentâneo da comunidade acadêmica quanto ao projeto político‑institucional, pedagógico, infraestrutura, organização e processo de trabalho relacionados à Faculdade de Farmácia. Trata‑se de uma investigação de caráter exploratório‑descritivo, com recorte temporal entre fevereiro a maio de 2016. Foi utilizada uma amostra constituída de discentes, docentes e técnicos administrativos. Para a coleta de dados, foram aplicados questionários de múltiplas respostas. Os resultados estão apresentados quanto às dimensões: Política Institucional (Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão); Gestão (Direção e Coordenação Pedagógica); Operacionalização do Curso; Infraestrutura; Docentes; Técnicos Administrativos; Projeto Pedagógico do Curso: Componentes Curriculares, Habilidades e Competências; Relações interpessoais. Conclui‑se que a comunidade acadêmica ficou satisfeita quanto ao projeto político‑institucional, pedagógico, organização e processo de trabalho, excetuando‑se os aspectos relacionados à infraestrutura.
Designing professional career by students – physical education teachers
Authors: Starościak Wojciech , Dębska Urszula , Guła-Kubiszewska Halina 
Published: April 2020

Starościak Wojciech, Dębska Urszula, Guła-Kubiszewska Halina, Designing professional career by students – physical education teachers. „Kultura – Społeczeństwo – Edukacja” nr 2(14) 2018, Poznań 2018, pp. 183–203, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-0422. DOI 10.14746/kse.2018.14.14.
The study identified physical education students’ opinions about and vision of personal career. It was conducted with a questionnaire designed by A. Cybal-Michalska for planning career prospects and career development in modern society by academic youth. Results demonstrate the professional expectations of the sample to be largely met. Students of the University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw are oriented towards individualistic and collectivistic values to a similar extent. Both groups are moderately satisfied with study choices and have a realistic outlook on the difficulties in finding a job consistent withtheir education. They assess the prospect of a satisfactory career on an equally moderate level, although individualist-oriented students perceive significantly fewer ways of achieving professional success. Collectivistic students emphasize values characteristic of a safe future and working with people and for people. Individualistic students are geared towards innovative and creative activities. Students perceive their careers in the psychological dimension, and select lifestyle and professionalism as the lead guides in career development.
E-cigarette Product Characteristics and Subsequent Frequency of Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Barrington-Trimis Jessica L. , Yang Zhi , Schiff Sara , Unger Jennifer , Cruz Tess Boley , Urman Robert , Cho Junhan , Samet Jonathan M. , Leventhal Adam M. , Berhane Kiros , McConnell Rob 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:
There is a dearth of evidence regarding the association of use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) with certain product characteristics and adolescent and young adult risk of unhealthy tobacco use patterns (eg, frequency of combustible cigarette smoking), which is needed to inform the regulation of e-cigarettes.

METHODS:
Data were collected via an online survey of participants in the Southern California Children’s Health Study from 2015 to 2016 (baseline) and 2016 to 2017 (follow-up) (N = 1312). We evaluated the association of binary categories of 3 nonmutually exclusive characteristics of the e-cigarette used most frequently with the number of cigarettes smoked in the past 30 days at 1-year follow-up. Product characteristics included device (vape pen and/or modifiable electronic cigarette [mod]), use of nicotine in electronic liquid (e-liquid; yes or no), and use for dripping (directly dripping e-liquid onto the device; yes or no).

RESULTS:
Relative to never e-cigarette users, past-30-day e-cigarette use was associated with greater frequency of past-30-day cigarette smoking at follow-up. Among baseline past-30-day e-cigarette users, participants who used mods (versus vape pens) smoked &gt;6 times as many cigarettes at follow-up (mean: 20.8 vs 1.3 cigarettes; rate ratio = 6.33; 95% confidence interval: 1.64–24.5) after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, baseline frequency of cigarette smoking, and number of days of e-cigarette use. After adjustment for device, neither nicotine e-liquid nor dripping were associated with frequency of cigarette smoking.

CONCLUSIONS:
Baseline mod users (versus vape pen users) smoked more cigarettes in the past 30 days at follow-up. Regulation of e-cigarette device type warrants consideration as a strategy to reduce cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults who vape.
Comparison of nonlinear models for the description of carbon mineralization in soils treated with pig slurry
Authors: Paula Gustavo Sérgio de , Silva Edilson Marcelino , Furtado Thais Destefani Ribeiro , Frühauf Ariana Campos , Muniz Joel Augusto 
Published: April 2020

One of the strategies to reduce environmental impacts caused by pig slurry is its application to soils for agricultural productions. Carbon mineralization curves can be used to determine the best periods for the use of organic matter for an adequate management of soils and growing plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fit of nonlinear models for soil carbon mineralization. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with four replications and four treatments. The treatments consisted of monthly applications of pig slurry at rates of 0, 7.5, 15.0, and 30.0 m3 ha-1 ofpig slurry. Soil samples were collected and incubated for 26 days; then, seven observations of mineralized carbon volume were made over time. The description of the carbon mineralization followed the Stanford and Smith, Cabrera, and Juma models, considering the structure of autoregressive errors AR (1), when necessary; the fits were compared using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The description of carbon mineralization in the treatments by nonlinear models was, in general, adequate. Juma was the most adequate model to describe the treatment with rate of 0. Stanford and Smith was the most adequate model to describe the treatments with rates of 7.5 and 15.0 m3 ha-1. Cabrera was the most adequate model to describe the treatment with rate of 30.0 m3 ha-1.
VIVÊNCIAS DA EQUIPE DE ENFERMAGEM NO COTIDIANO DO SISTEMA PENAL
Authors: Soares Ana Amélia Melo , Castro Gabriela Miranda de Oliveira , Almeida Isabelle Elias Monteiro de , Monteiro Luciana Alves Silveira , Torres Lilian Machado 
Published: April 2020

<p>Objetivo: compreender o cotidiano vivido pela equipe de Enfermagem no sistema penal. Método: pesquisa qualitativa realizada com quatro enfermeiros e dois técnicos de Enfermagem de um Centro de Remanejamento Prisional, em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista entre junho e julho de 2018, e analisados com base no referencial de Minayo. Resultados: emergiram quatro categorias temáticas: “percepção do cuidado de Enfermagem à pessoa privada de liberdade”; “dificuldades para prestar assistência no presídio”; “sensação de invisibilidade do cuidado de Enfermagem no sistema prisional”; e “ambiguidade de sentimentos ao cuidar da saúde no sistema prisional.” Conclusão: o ambiente prisional não favorece ações concretas de promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos. O enfrentamento viria com educação permanente, reuniões clínico-administrativas, além da construção de protocolos e diretrizes que sistematizem e sustentem as práticas.</p><p>Descritores: Assistência à saúde. Enfermagem. Prisões. Prisioneiros.</p><p class="abstract"> </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Descritores</strong>: Assistência à saúde. Enfermagem. Prisões. Prisioneiros.</p><p class="heading1" align="center"> </p>