bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Predictors of Response to Faecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients with Active Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Sood Ajit , Singh Arshdeep , Mahajan Ramit , Midha Vandana , Kaur Kirandeep , Singh Dharmatma , Bansal Namita , Dharni Khushdeep 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Faecal microbiota transplantation [FMT] has been shown to be effective for induction of remission in patients with active ulcerative colitis [UC]. At present, the clinical factors impacting the response to FMT in UC remain unclear.

Methods
Patients with active UC treated with multisession FMT via colonoscopy at weeks 0, 2, 6, 10, 14, 18 and 22 were analysed. Response to FMT was defined as achievement of corticosteroid-free clinical remission at week 30. Patient and disease characteristics were evaluated to determine the predictors of response to FMT.

Results
Of 140 patients with active UC treated with FMT, 93 (mean age 34.96 ± 11.27 years, 62.36% males [n = 58], mean Mayo clinic score 8.07 ± 2.00) who completed the multisession FMT protocol were analysed. Fifty-seven [61.29%] patients achieved clinical remission. Younger age (odds ratio [OR] for age 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89–0.97, p = 0.001), moderate [Mayo clinic score 6–9] disease severity [OR 3.01, 95% CI 1.12–8.06, p = 0.025] and endoscopic Mayo score 2 [OR 5.55, 95% CI 2.18–14.06, p &lt; 0.001] were significant predictors of remission on univariate analysis. Younger age, disease extent E2 and endoscopic Mayo score 2 [OR 0.925, 95% CI 0.88–0.97, p = 0.002; OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.01–8.25, p = 0.04; and OR 8.43, 95% CI 2.38–29.84, p = 0.001, respectively] were associated with clinical remission on multivariate logistic regression. A mathematical model [nomogram] was developed for estimating the probability of remission with the FMT protocol.

Conclusion
Younger age, disease extent E2 and endoscopic Mayo score 2 significantly predict achievement of clinical remission with FMT in active UC. The prediction model can help in selecting individuals for FMT. Validation in larger cohorts is needed.
Antipredatory Responses of Mosquito Pupae to Non-Lethal Predation Threat—Behavioral Plasticity Across Life-History Stages
Authors: Chandrasegaran Karthikeyan , Sriramamurthy Rasikapriyaa , Singh Avehi , Ravichandran Pooja , Quader Suhel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAntipredatory behavioral responses tend to be energetically expensive, and prey species thus need to resolve trade-offs between these behaviors and other activities such as foraging and mating. While these trade-offs have been well-studied across taxa, less is known about how costs and benefits vary in different life-history contexts, and associated consequences. To address this question, we compared responses of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti [Diptera: Culicidae]) to predation threat from guppy (Poecilia reticulata [Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae]) across two life-history stages—larvae (data from previous study) and pupae (from this study). Pupae are motile but do not feed and are comparable to larvae in terms of behavior. To understand how physiological costs affect the threat sensitivity of pupae, we used sex (with size as a covariate) as a proxy for stored energy reserves, and quantified movement and space use patterns of male (small-sized) and female (large-sized) pupae when exposed to predation threat. We found that pupae did not alter movement when exposed to predator cues but instead altered spatial use by spending more time at the bottom of the water column. We found no effect of pupa sex (or size) on the behavioral responses we measured. We conclude that pupa behavior, both antipredatory and otherwise, is primarily targeted at minimizing energy expenditure, as compared with larval behavior, which appears to balance energy expenditure between the opposing pressures of foraging and of avoiding predation. We suggest that antipredatory defenses in metamorphosing prey are modulated by varying energetic trade-offs associated with different life-history stages.
Reproduction and Control of the Invasive Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer, Euwallacea nr. fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), in Three Species of Hardwoods: Effective Sanitation Through Felling and Chipping
Authors: Chen Yigen , Coleman Tom W , Poloni Adrian L , Nelson Lori , Seybold Steven J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The invasive ambrosia beetle polyphagous shot hole borer is one member of the cryptic species, Euwallacea nr. fornicatus (Eichhoff), and poses a great ecological and environmental threat to ornamental and native hardwood trees and agriculturally important tree crops in southern California, United States. We monitored the emergence of polyphagous shot hole borer adults from chipped and unchipped cut logs of infested boxelder, Acer negundo L. (Sapindales: Sapindaceae), California sycamore, Platanus racemosa Nutt. (Proteales: Platanaceae), coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia Née (Fagales: Fagaceae), and red willow, Salix laevigata Bebb (Malpighiales: Salicaceae), every week for 4 to 5 mo. No polyphagous shot hole borer adults emerged from chipped or unchipped coast live oak logs, suggesting this species is not a preferred reproductive host. However, following chipping, a small number of polyphagous shot hole borer adults emerged from boxelder (up to 7 wk) and from California sycamore and red willow (both up to 9 wk). A significantly greater number of polyphagous shot hole borer adults emerged from unchipped logs of boxelder (up to 14 wk) and California sycamore and red willow (both up to 5 mo). Chipping of boxelder, California sycamore, and red willow by using common commercially available chippers reduced polyphagous shot hole borer emergence by over 97%. Emerged polyphagous shot hole borer adults were strongly female-biased, regardless of host. Chipping treatments were highly effective, but for the complete elimination of polyphagous shot hole borer from woody material, other sanitation measures such as solarization in conjunction with chipping are recommended. Environmental and ecological impact of polyphagous shot hole borer is reviewed and discussed.
Treatment strategies in ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Gaudino Mario , Hameed Irbaz , Khan Faiza M , Tam Derrick Y , Rahouma Mohamed , Yongle Ruan , Naik Ajita , Di Franco Antonino , Demetres Michelle , Petrie Mark C , Jolicoeur E Marc , Girardi Leonard N , Fremes Stephen E 
Published: August 2020

Summary

OBJECTIVES
The optimal revascularization strategy for patients with ischaemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction (iLVSD) remains controversial. We aimed to compare percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and medical therapy (MT) in a network meta-analysis.

METHODS
All randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing any combination of PCI, CABG and MT in patients with iLVSD were analysed in a frequentist network meta-analysis (generic inverse variance method). Primary outcome was mortality at longest available follow-up. Secondary outcomes were cardiac death, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and repeat revascularization (RR).

RESULTS
Twenty-three studies were included (n = 23 633; 4 randomized controlled trials). Compared to CABG, PCI was associated with higher mortality [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.53], cardiac death (IRR 1.65, 95% CI 1.18–2.33), MI (IRR 2.18, 95% CI 1.70–2.80) and RR (IRR 3.75, 95% CI 2.89–4.85). Compared to CABG, MT was associated with higher mortality (IRR 1.52, 95% CI 1.26–1.84), cardiac death (IRR 3.83, 95% CI 2.12–6.91), MI (IRR 3.22, 95% CI 1.52–6.79) and RR (IRR 3.37, 95% CI 1.67–6.79). Compared to MT, PCI was associated with lower cardiac death (IRR 0.43, 95% CI 0.24–0.78). CABG ranked as the best revascularization strategy for mortality, cardiac death, MI and RR; MT ranked as the strategy associated with the lowest incidence of stroke. Left ventricular ejection fraction, year of study, use of drug-eluting stents did not affect relative treatment effects.

CONCLUSIONS
CABG appears to be the best therapy for iLVSD, although mainly based on observational data. Definitive randomized controlled trials comparing CABG and PCI in iLVSD are required.

PROSPERO registration ID
132414.
Comparison of physical activity levels in Spanish adults with chronic conditions before and during COVID-19 quarantine
Authors: López-Sánchez Guillermo F , López-Bueno Rubén , Gil-Salmerón Alejandro , Zauder Roksana , Skalska Maria , Jastrzębska Joanna , Jastrzębski Zbigniew , Schuch Felipe B , Grabovac Igor , Tully Mark A , Smith Lee 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
This is the first study analyzing levels of physical activity in a sample of quarantined adults with chronic conditions. The aim of this study was to compare moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity levels in Spanish adults with chronic conditions before and during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quarantine.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey was administered during the COVID-19 quarantine in Spain. A total of 163 participants with chronic conditions (113 females and 47 males; age range 18–64 years) completed the survey. A total of 26 chronic conditions were included. Participants self-reported average minutes/day of moderate and vigorous physical activity before and during quarantine. Differences in moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity levels before and during COVID-19 quarantine (overall, by gender, by age, by number of chronic conditions and by each chronic condition) were assessed by Wilcoxon-signed rank test.

Results
During COVID-19 quarantine, there was a significant decrease of moderate-intensity physical activity in Spanish people with chronic conditions (in both males and females, in those aged 18–24, 25–34, 35–44 and 55–64 years, in those with multimorbidity, in those with one/two chronic condition/s, and in those diagnosed with asthma/hypercholesterolaemia/chronic skin disease/haemorrhoids). Also, there was a significant decrease of vigorous-intensity physical activity in Spanish males with chronic conditions and in those with multimorbidity.

Conclusions
These results should be considered to develop effective strategies of physical activity promotion targeting these specific groups when new quarantine or restriction measures are implemented, in order to avoid new significant decreases of physical activity in these vulnerable populations.
Race, Obesity, and Mental Health Among Older Adults in the United States: A Literature Review
Authors: Lincoln Karen D 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRising rates of obesity among older adults in the United States are a serious public health concern. While the physical health consequences of obesity are well documented, the mental health consequences are less understood. This is especially the case among older adults in general and among racial and ethnic minority older adults in particular. Available studies document a link between obesity and a variety of mental health disorders. However, findings from this body of evidence are inconsistent, especially when race and ethnicity are considered. This article examines research on obesity and mental health among older adults and identifies risk factors, causal mechanisms, and methodological approaches that help clarify the equivocal nature of the literature. Promising research and future directions include studies that consider a wide array of contextual factors and population heterogeneity.
How do Nigerian newspapers report COVID-19 pandemic? The implication for awareness and prevention
Authors: Apuke Oberiri Destiny , Omar Bahiyah 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study examined media coverage of COVID-19 in Nigeria with attention to the frequency and depth of coverage, story format, news sources, media tone and themes. Four widely read newspapers were content analysed between February 2020 and April 2020. Focus was on Daily Sun, Vanguard, Daily Trust and Leadership. Results indicated that the Nigerian media performed well in terms of covering the pandemic, which in turn created awareness. However, the coverage was not in-depth as most of the reported stories were short and were predominantly straight news. It was also observed that the media cited more of the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and government officials. Further findings disclosed that most of the stories were alarming and induced panic. Most common topics were coverage of cases in Nigeria, death rates and concerns about Nigeria’s preparedness. Public sensitization and education were sparingly covered. Ethics healthcare workers could adhere to received minimal attention. The media should focus more on sensitizing and educating the public on the necessary steps to take in curbing the virus. They should refrain from over usage of alarming and panic tone in presenting the stories of COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria.
Cryopreservation in reproductive medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: rethinking policies and European safety regulations
Authors: Alteri Alessandra , Pisaturo Valerio , Somigliana Edgardo , Viganò Paola 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Cryopreservation of reproductive cells and tissues represents an essential aspect of ART practices that might be particularly strategic and helpful during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emergency. However, recommendations on how and when to preserve reproductive tissues and cells during a novel severe pandemic are scanty. This article uses a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis to identify favourable and unfavourable factors and to recognize challenges and obstacles related to the use of cryopreservation procedures during the spreading of a new virus. One of the strengths associated with the cryopreservation is represented by the availability of robust European guidelines on storage safety to prevent sample contamination or cross-contamination by pathogens. These recommendations should be deep-rooted in all ART laboratories. Weaknesses include uncertainties regarding the management of COVID-19 affected asymptomatic patients, the suboptimal accuracy of diagnostic tests for the disease, the nebulous prospective regarding the duration of the pandemic and the additional costs. The application of the strategy represents an opportunity to postpone pregnancy in order to avoid a severe infectious disease during gestation while concomitantly counteracting the possible detrimental effect of time. Critical threats, at present still undefined, are represented by potential adverse events for the mother and offspring due to infected gametes or embryos after thawing and, subsequently, the re-spreading of the virus.
The Effect of Psychotherapy on Quality of Life in IBD Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Paulides Emma , Boukema Inge , van der Woude Christien Janneke , de Boer Nanne K H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) express a need for additional psychotherapy; however, psychological support is not incorporated in the routine care of persons with IBD. This systematic review aims to assess the effect of psychotherapy on quality of life (QoL).

Methods
A systematic search was conducted on October 7, 2019, using Embase, Medline (Ovid), PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar to collect all types of clinical trials with psychotherapeutic interventions that measured QoL in patients with IBD aged ≥18 years. Quality of evidence was systematically assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria.

Results
Out of 2560 articles, 31 studies (32 articles) were included with a total number of 2397 patients with active and inactive IBD. Of the 31 eligible studies, 11 reported a significant positive effect and 6 had ambiguous results regarding the impact of psychotherapeutic interventions on QoL. Treatment modalities differed in the reported studies and consisted of cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, stress management programs, mindfulness, hypnosis, or solution-focused therapy. All 4 studies focusing on patients with active disease reported a positive effect of psychotherapy. Trials applying cognitive-behavioral therapy reported the most consistent positive results.

Conclusions
Psychotherapeutic interventions can improve QoL in patients with IBD. More high-quality research is needed before psychological therapy may be implemented in daily IBD practice and to evaluate whether early psychological intervention after diagnosis will result in better coping strategies and QoL throughout life.
IRF5 Acts as a Potential Therapeutic Marker in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Yang Yonghong , Zhang Cui , Jing Dehuai , He Heng , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Yibo , Qin Yufen , Xiao Xiao , Xiong Huabao , Zhou Guangxi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are chronic inflammatory disorders. As is well known, interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 5 is closely associated with the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. But the exact role of IRF5 in IBD remains unclear.

Methods
In this study, we detected IRF5 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and inflamed mucosa from IBD patients by immunohistochemistry, western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Peripheral blood CD4+ T cells were stimulated with inflammatory cytokines and transfected by lentivirus.

Results
In active IBD patients, the expression of IRF5 in PBMCs and inflamed colonic tissues was obviously increased and significantly associated with disease activity. Ectopic overexpression of IRF5 could promote the differentiation of IBD CD4+ T cells into Th1 and Th17 cells by regulating T-bet and RAR related orphan receptor C, whereas knockdown of IRF5 had the opposite effects. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α upregulated expression of IRF5 in CD4+ T cells, but anti-TNF treatment with infliximab could markedly reduce IRF5 expression in CD4+ T cells and intestinal mucosa of CD patients.

Conclusion
Our study reveals a novel mechanism that IRF5 levels are correlated with disease activity in IBD and might function as a possible marker for the management of IBD via regulating Th1 and Th17 immune responses and cytokine production.
The Role of Core and Variable Gene Regulatory Network Modules in Tooth Development and Evolution
Authors: Sadier Alexa , Santana Sharlene E , Sears Karen E 
Published: August 2020

Synopsis
Among the developmental processes that have been proposed to influence the direction of evolution, the modular organization of developmental gene regulatory networks (GRNs) has shown particular promise. In theory, GRNs have core modules comprised of essential, conserved circuits of genes, and sub-modules of downstream, secondary circuits of genes that are more susceptible to variation. While this idea has received considerable interest as of late, the field of evo-devo lacks the experimental systems needed to rigorously evaluate this hypothesis. Here, we introduce an experimental system, the vertebrate tooth, that has great potential as a model for testing this hypothesis. Tooth development and its associated GRN have been well studied and modeled in both model and non-model organisms. We propose that the existence of modules within the tooth GRN explains both the conservation of developmental mechanisms and the extraordinary diversity of teeth among vertebrates. Based on experimental data, we hypothesize that there is a conserved core module of genes that is absolutely necessary to ensure tooth or cusp initiation and development. In regard to tooth shape variation between species, we suggest that more relaxed sub-modules activated at later steps of tooth development, for example, during the morphogenesis of the tooth and its cusps, control the different axes of tooth morphological variation.
Adult cardiovascular surgery and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: the Italian experience
Authors: Donatelli Francesco , Miceli Antonio , Glauber Mattia , Cirri Silvia , Maiello Ciro , Coscioni Enrico , Napoli Claudio 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly affected all health care professionals. The outbreak required a thorough reorganization of the Italian regional local health care system to preserve resources such as ventilators, beds in intensive care units and surgical and anaesthesiological staff. Levels of priority were created, together with a rigorous triage procedure for patients with COVID-19, which led to postponement of all elective procedures. Urgent cases were discussed with the local heart team and percutaneous approaches were selected as the first treatment option to reduce hospital stay. COVID-19 and COVID-19-free pathways were created, including adequate preparation of the operating room, management of anaesthesiological procedures, transportation of patients and disinfection. It was determined that patients with chronic diseases were at increased risk of adverse outcomes. Systemic inflammation, cytokine storm and hypercoagulability associated with COVID-19 increased the risk of heart failure and cardiac death. In this regard, the early use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation could be life-saving in patients with severe forms of acute respiratory distress syndrome or refractory heart failure. The goal of this paper was to report the Italian experience during the COVID-19 pandemic in the setting of cardiovascular surgery.
Putting the social back into sociotechnical: Case studies of co-design in digital health
Authors: Papoutsi Chrysanthi , Wherton Joseph , Shaw Sara , Morrison Clare , Greenhalgh Trisha 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
We sought to examine co-design in 3 contrasting case studies of technology-supported change in health care and explain its role in influencing project success.

Materials and Methods
Longitudinal case studies of a seizure detection and reporting technology for epilepsy (Southern England, 2018-2019), a telehealth service for heart failure (7 UK sites, 2016-2018), and a remote video consultation service (Scotland-wide, 2019-2020). We carried out interviews with 158 participants and collected more than 200 pages of field notes from observations. Within- and cross-case analysis was informed by sociotechnical theory.

Results
In the epilepsy case, co-design prioritized patient-facing features and focused closely around a specific clinic, which led to challenges with sustainability and mainstreaming. In the heart failure case, patient-focused co-design produced an accessible and usable patient portal but resulted in variation in uptake between clinical sites. Successful scale-up of video consultations was explained by a co-design process involving not only the technical interface, but also careful reshaping of work practices.

Discussion
A shift is needed from co-designing with technology users to co-designing with patients as service users, and with healthcare staff as professionals. Good co-design needs to involve users, including those who engage with the technology-supported service bothdirectly and indirectly. It requires sensitivity to emergence and unpredictability in complex systems. Healthcare staff need to be supported to accommodate iterative change in the service. Adequate resourcing and infrastructures for systems-focused co-design are essential.

Conclusions
If co-design focuses narrowly on the technology, opportunities will be missed to coevolve technologies alongside clinical practices and organizational routines.