bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activated carbon/diatomite‐based magnetic nanocomposites for magnetic solid‐phase extraction of S‐phenylmercapturic acid from human urine
Authors: Shan Xiaoyue , Tan Siwei , Shi Yanpeng , Shao Ji , Su Kewen , Zhang Ling , Feng Hui , Ye Haipeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, activated carbon/diatomite‐based magnetic nancomposites (denoted as AC/DBMNs) were synthesized and applied as an adsorbent for magnetic solid‐phase extraction of S‐phenylmercapturic acid (S‐PMA) from human urine prior to high‐performance liquid chromatography. The surface morphologies and structures of AC/DBMNs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, vibrating sample magnetometer and ζ‐potential measurements. The experimental parameters including sample volume, sample pH, adsorbent amount, extraction time, elution solvent and desorption time were investigated in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the method exhibited good linearity (r > 0.9993) within the concentration ranges of 0.03–1.0 mg/L. Moreover, the limits of detection and quantification were 0.01 and 0.03 mg/L, respectively. The enrichment factor was 5, and good recoveries (88.9–97.3%) with relative standard deviations in the range of 5.6–6.8% (n = 6) for inter‐day and 6.3–8.1% (n = 6) for intra‐day were achieved. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of S‐PMA in urine samples. In addition, this accurate and sensitive method has great potential to be applied in the early screening and clinical diagnosis of the workers exposed to benzene.
Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate in the decoppering phase treatment of Wilson's disease with neurological symptoms: A case series
Authors: De Fabregues Oriol , Viñas Jaume , Palasí Antoni , Quintana Manuel , Cardona Ignasi , Auger Cristina , Vargas Víctor 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo present our experience with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM) in the decoppering phase treatment of Wilson's disease (WD) with neurological symptoms.MethodsAn uncontrolled longitudinal study was carried out to describe a case series of five patients diagnosed of WD with neurological symptoms in our hospital over the last 5 years and receiving ATTM for 8 (or 16) weeks. Unified Wilson's Disease Rating Scale (UWDRS), Global Assessment Scale (GAS) for WD and the Brewer‐adapted Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) for WD, magnetic resonance imaging, and monitoring for potential adverse effects were carried out in all patients before starting ATTM and 3 months later when ATTM was stopped and zinc treatment was initiated.ResultsAll five patients presented neurological clinical improvement in UWDRS, GAS, and Brewer‐adapted UHDRS for WD. Neuroimaging improvement was present in 2/5 patients with brain edema reduction. Mild anemia, leukopenia, and elevation of transaminases were detected in 1 patient, with complete remission after stopping ATTM for 1 week and then restarting at a half dose.ConclusionATTM could be a good treatment for the initial treatment of WD with neurological symptoms due to its high efficacy, with a lower rate of neurological deterioration than the drugs currently available, despite the potential adverse effects.
Influence of sitting behaviors on sleep disturbance and memory impairment in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Ehlers Diane K. , Fanning Jason , Sunderlage Alexis , Severson Joan , Kramer Arthur F. , McAuley Edward 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose was to prospectively examine the effects of sedentary behaviors on subjective memory impairment in breast cancer survivors (BCS) and the extent to which sleep disturbances mediated this pathway.MethodsBCS (N = 380; Mage = 57.38 ± 9.25 years) completed questionnaires assessing demographics, health history, sitting behaviors, sleep disturbance, subjective memory impairment, and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up. A subsample (N = 300) wore an accelerometer to objectively estimate sedentary time and MVPA. Structural equation modeling was used to test direct and indirect effects of self‐reported and objectively estimated sedentary behaviors on memory impairment (through sleep disturbance) across time. Models were adjusted for demographic, clinical, and MVPA covariates.ResultsAt baseline, more total daily sitting (γ = 0.23), occupational sitting (γ = 0.11), television viewing (γ = 0.15), and computer use (γ = 0.22) were associated with greater sleep disturbance, which was associated with greater memory impairment (γ = −0.22). Indirect effects of self‐reported sitting on memory were significant. At follow‐up, increased total daily sitting (γ = 0.08) and computer use (γ = 0.14) predicted increased sleep disturbance, which predicted increased memory impairment (γ = −0.09). The indirect path from increased computer use to memory impairment was significant (β = −0.01). In the accelerometer subsample, greater daily sedentary time at baseline was associated with less sleep disturbance (γ = −0.14) and memory impairment (indirect effect: β = 0.03).ConclusionsFindings provide early evidence that sedentary contexts may differentially influence sleep disturbance and memory impairment in BCS. Computer use and television viewing may pose the strongest risks to cognitive health. Disparate findings between objective and subjective sedentary measures warrant further research.
Rigidifying Ag(I) Complexes for Selective Nitrene Transfer
Authors: Huang Minxue , Paretsky Jon , Schomaker Jennifer M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOne of the challenges in achieving tunable and predictable C−H bond amidation via silver‐catalyzed nitrene transfer (NT) is the conformational flexibility and dynamic nature of many Ag(I) complexes. This fluxional behavior can make it difficult to obtain a clear understanding of the factors responsible for influencing the site‐selectivity of the amidation event. Mechanistic studies on related systems suggest that π⋅⋅⋅π and Ag⋅⋅⋅π interactions play important roles in altering the preference for nitrene transfer at sites adjacent to π systems, including benzylic, allylic, and propargylic C−H bonds. In this paper, we report a Ag(I) catalyst designed to improve the preference for reaction at benzylic, allylic, and propargylic C−H bonds over more electron‐rich tertiary alkyl C(sp3)−H bonds by enhancing non‐covalent interactions. Rigidifying a flexible tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine ligand scaffold by tying back the sp3 nitrogen into a piperidine ring strengthened non‐covalent interactions between the π‐containing substituents on the substrate and the pyridine arm of the catalyst and improved the site‐selectivity of the nitrene transfer event.
Insights into Transition Metal Phosphate Materials for Efficient Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhao Hui , Yuan Zhong‐Yong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOver the past decade, transition metal phosphate materials have attracted enormous interest for various functional devices. In addition to being low‐cost, earth‐abundant and environmentally benign, transition metal phosphates have several unique advantages including high stability, unique chemical/physical characteristics and tunable multifunctionality, making them ideally suited for advanced highly‐efficiency energy conversion and storage applications. In this Review, the synthetic strategies for transition metal phosphates are summarized, and the most recent advances in the development of transition metal phosphates are described for efficient electrocatalysis such as oxygen evolution, hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions, highlighting the impact of their morphologies and structures on the electrochemical performance and practical applications in overall water splitting and rechargeable metal‐air batteries. Finally, the challenges facing the development of transition metal phosphates in the field of energy conversion and storage are outlined, together with directions of further research and perspectives.
Iron‐ and Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene‐Based Catalysts for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Sibul Roberta , Kibena‐Põldsepp Elo , Ratso Sander , Kook Mati , Sougrati Moulay Tahar , Käärik Maike , Merisalu Maido , Aruväli Jaan , Paiste Päärn , Treshchalov Alexey , Leis Jaan , Kisand Vambola , Sammelselg Väino , Holdcroft Steven , Jaouen Frédéric , Tammeveski Kaido 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA simple synthesis method was used to prepare an active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst based on iron and nitrogen co‐doped graphene for polymer electrolyte fuel cell applications. For the synthesis of the ORR catalysts, two different graphene‐based materials, commercially available graphene (Gra) and graphene oxide (GO), were used as the carbon substrates. The half‐cell experiments conducted by using the rotating disc electrode (RDE) method revealed that Fe−N−Gra showed much higher ORR electrocatalytic activity than Fe−N−GO in alkaline medium. This is attributed to the higher surface area, micro‐/mesoporous nature and larger amount of Fe‐Nx/amine moieties present in Fe−N−Gra compared to Fe−N−GO, as shown by different physicochemical methods. Almost half of the iron was confirmed to be in highly active Fe‐Nx form by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. Thus, the Fe−N−Gra as ORR catalyst was further selected to apply this for both proton exchange membrane (PEM) and anion exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cell tests.
Comparing the Performance of Nb2O5 Composites with Reduced Graphene Oxide and Amorphous Carbon in Li‐ and Na‐Ion Electrochemical Storage Devices
Authors: Han Xianying , Russo Patrícia A. , Triolo Claudia , Santangelo Saveria , Goubard‐Bretesché Nicolas , Pinna Nicola 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is often combined with metal oxides for energy‐storage applications, owing to its unique properties. Here, we compare the electrochemical performance of Nb2O5‐rGO and amorphous carbon‐coated‐Nb2O5 composites, synthesized in similar conditions. The composite made of Nb2O5 and amorphous carbon (using 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene as carbon source) outperforms the Nb2O5‐rGO counterpart as a high rate anode electrode material in Li‐ion and Na‐ion half‐cells and hybrid supercapacitors, delivering specific capacities of 134 mAh g−1 at 25 C against 98 mAh g−1 for the rGO‐based composite (in Li electrolyte) and 125 mAh g−1 at 20 C against 98 mAh g−1 (in Na electrolyte). The organic molecules, which are the precursor of the amorphous carbon, control the size and coat the metal oxide particles more efficiently, leading to more extensive carbon‐oxide contacts, which benefits the energy‐storage performance.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production by Hybrid Streptavidin‐Diiron Catalysts
Authors: Roy Anindya , Vaughn Michael D. , Tomlin John , Booher Garrett J. , Kodis Gerdenis , Simmons Chad R. , Allen James P. , Ghirlanda Giovanna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHybrid protein–organometallic catalysts are being explored for selective catalysis of a number of reactions, because they utilize the complementary strengths of proteins and of organometallic complex. Herein, we present an artificial hydrogenase, StrepH2, built by incorporating a biotinylated [Fe–Fe] hydrogenase organometallic mimic within streptavidin. This strategy takes advantage of the remarkable strength and specificity of biotin‐streptavidin recognition, which drives quantitative incorporation of the biotinylated diironhexacarbonyl center into streptavidin, as confirmed by UV/Vis spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. FTIR spectra of StrepH2 show characteristic peaks at shift values indicative of interactions between the catalyst and the protein scaffold. StrepH2 catalyzes proton reduction to hydrogen in aqueous media during photo‐ and electrocatalysis. Under photocatalytic conditions, the protein‐embedded catalyst shows enhanced efficiency and prolonged activity compared to the isolated catalyst. Transient absorption spectroscopy data suggest a mechanism for the observed increase in activity underpinned by an observed longer lifetime for the catalytic species FeIFe0 when incorporated within streptavidin compared to the biotinylated catalyst in solution.
Bright Luminous and Stable CsPbBr3@PS Microspheres Prepared via Facile Anti‐solvent Method using CTAB as Double Modifier
Authors: Zhou Juan , Lin Husitu , Yu Yingchun , Zuo Shengli , Li Baoshan , Liu Jianjun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed the increasing interest in cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) for their excellent optical properties with higher photoluminescence efficiency and tunable emission wavelengths widely applied in white LED, photovoltaic devices, etc. Here we report the preparation of CsPbBr3 PQDs by a facile anti‐solvent method using conventional quaternary ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a double modifier—both proper alkyl group protection and bromine source donator. The as‐formed PQDs are well‐monodispersed cubes with a size of 10–15 nm and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of up to 43 %. To enhance the stability of PQDs, CsPbBr3@PS microspheres were formed by electrospraying process. The microspheres not only show excellent luminous properties, but exhibit much higher stability against air and UV light irradiation due to the super hydrophobic property of polystyrene.
Reversible N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Induced α‐H Abstraction in Tungsten(VI) Imido Dialkyl Dialkoxide Complexes
Authors: Musso Janis V. , Benedikter Mathis J. , Wang Dongren , Frey Wolfgang , Altmann Hagen J. , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe first reversible N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) induced α‐H abstraction in tungsten(VI) imido‐dialkyl dialkoxide complexes is reported. Treatment of W(NAr)(CH2Ph)2(OtBu)2 (Ar=2,6‐dichlorophenyl, 2,6‐dimethylphenyl, 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl) with different NHCs leads to the formation of complexes of the type W(NAr)(CHPh)(NHC)(CH2Ph)(OtBu) in excellent isolated yields of up to 96 %. The highly unusual release of the tert‐butoxide ligand as tBuOH in the course of the reaction was observed. The formed alkylidene complexes and tBuOH are in an equilibrium with the NHC and the dialkyl complexes. Reaction kinetics were monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. A correlation between the steric and electronic properties of the NHC and the reaction rates was observed. Kinetics of a deuterium‐labeled complex in comparison to its non‐deuterated counterpart revealed the presence of a strong primary kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of 4.2, indicating that α‐H abstraction is the rate‐determining step (RDS) of the reaction.
Pinoresinol‐lariciresinol reductase: Substrate versatility, enantiospecificity, and kinetic properties
Authors: Hwang Julianne K. , Moinuddin Syed G.A. , Davin Laurence B. , Lewis Norman G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTwo western red cedar pinoresinol‐lariciresinol reductase (PLR) homologues were studied to determine their enantioselective, substrate versatility, and kinetic properties. PLRs are downstream of dirigent protein engendered, coniferyl alcohol derived, stereoselective coupling to afford entry into the 8‐ and 8′‐linked furofuran lignan, pinoresinol. Our investigations showed that each PLR homolog can enantiospecifically metabolize different furofuran lignans with modified aromatic ring substituents, but where phenolic groups at both C4/C4′ are essential for catalysis. These results are consistent with quinone methide intermediate formation in the PLR active site. Site‐directed mutagenesis and kinetic measurements provided additional insight into factors affecting enantioselectivity and kinetic properties. From these data, PLRs can be envisaged to allow for the biotechnological potential of generation of various lignan skeleta, that could be differentially “decorated” on their aromatic ring substituents, via the action of upstream dirigent proteins.
Schnelle Abschätzung des Durchbruchsverhaltens von konkurrierend adsorbierenden Komponenten
Authors: Seidel‐Morgenstern Andreas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEin wichtiges und weit verbreitetes Trennverfahren ist die selektive Adsorption in Festbettadsorbern. Eine wesentliche Aufgabe bei der Auslegung ist die zuverlässige Vorhersage von Durchbruchskurven. Ziel dieses Beitrags in der Rubrik „Gewusst wie: Probleme aus der Praxis elegant gelöst” ist die schnelle Abschätzung der Position von Druchbruchskurven in Festbettadsorbern. Anhand zweier Literaturbeispiele wird zunächst das Durchbruchsverhalten von Einzelstoffen und Gemischen illustriert und dann die Gleichgewichtstheorie der Adsorption erläutert. Das Potenzial dieser Theorie zur Vorhersage von mittleren Retentionszeiten und durch Konkurrenz erzeugten Zwischenplateaus wird demonstriert.
Mucopenetrating Zwitterionic Micelles
Authors: Taipaleenmäki Essi , Brodszkij Edit , Städler Brigitte 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe intestinal mucus layer remains a challenging biological barrier to cross for nanoformulations. We report the assembly of zwitterionic micelles with 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine as the zwitterionic entity in the corona‐forming part of the amphiphilic block copolymers. These ca. 200 nm micelles do not have inherent cytotoxicity in Caco‐2 cells for a 24 h incubation time. The time‐resolved crossing of the mucus layer in Caco‐2/HT29‐MTX‐E12 co‐cultures of these spherical micelles with narrow polydispersity is shown.
SERU: A cascaded SE‐ResNeXT U‐Net for kidney and tumor segmentation
Authors: Xie Xiuzhen , Li Lei , Lian Sheng , Chen Shaohao , Luo Zhiming 
Published: March 2020

SummaryAccording to statistics, kidney cancer is one of the most deadly cancer. An early and accurate diagnosis can significantly increase the cure rate. Accurate segmentation of kidney tumors in CT images plays an important role in kidney cancer diagnosis. However, it is a challenging task due to many different aspects, such as low contrast, irregular motion, diverse shapes, and sizes. For solving this issue, we proposed a SE‐ResNeXT U‐Net (SERU) model in this study, which takes the advantages of SE‐Net, ResNeXT and U‐Net. Besides, we implement our model in a coarse‐to‐fine manner to utilize the information of context and key slices from the left and right kidney. We train and test our method on the KiTS19 Challenge. Experimental results demonstrate that our model can achieve promising results.
Carbon Nanomembranes from Aromatic Carboxylate Precursors
Authors: Dementyev Petr , Naberezhnyi Daniil , Westphal Michael , Buck Manfred , Gölzhäuser Armin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) serve as convenient platform for fabricating carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) of extended lateral dimensions. Highly porous CNMs are emerging as interesting materials for membrane technologies as they exhibit selectivity for water permeation and, owing to their reduced dimensionality, promise increased energy efficiency compared to established systems. In the present study terphenylcarboxylate SAMs, prepared on silver underpotential deposited on Au and irradiated by 100 eV electrons, were successfully converted into free‐standing CNMs. Infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal pronounced chemical changes both of the anchoring carboxylate moiety and the aromatic backbone upon electron irradiation. Permeation studies showed high specificity for water as demonstrated by the separation from tetrahydrofuran. Compared to thiols on gold, the standard CNM precursor system, the carboxylic acid based SAM exhibits equivalent characteristics. This suggests that electron‐induced carbonization is insensitive to the particular choice of the anchor moiety and, therefore, the choice of precursor molecules can be extended to the versatile class of aromatic carboxylic acids.
Synthesis of Cysteine Modified MoS2 Nanocomposite: A Biocompatible Electrochemical Sensor Material and its Application to the Determination of Antidiabetic Dapagliflozin
Authors: Ateş Ali Kemal , Çelikkan Hüseyin , Erk Nevin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHerein, for the first time, a new generation cysteine modified MoS2 (Cys@MoS2) based electrochemical sensor was reported. The electrochemical behaviour of dapagliflozin (DAP) was investigated through differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on the developed sensor (Cys@MoS2/GCE). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods were performed for structural and morphological characterizations of Cys@MoS2 nanocomposite. On the surface of Cys@MoS2/GCE, an irreversible anodic peak was observed at 1324 mV. Under the optimal conditions, linear calibration curve with two working ranges between 2.0–60.0 μM and 60.0–110.0 μM were obtained and limit of detection was found to be 1.6 μM. The developed sensor was successfully applied to determine the content of DAP in pharmaceutical sample with satisfying recovery results. It is concluded that Cys@MoS2/GCE is a reliable, easy to apply and cost‐effective sensor for the routine DAP analysis in pharmaceutical samples.
Performance comparison of a natural gas and renewable‐based power and desalination system for polygeneration
Authors: Al‐Obaidli Houd , Bicer Yusuf , Al‐Ansari Tareq 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConventional district energy supply (DES) systems have relatively lower efficiencies when compared to polygeneration systems. The use of fossil fuels as a primary energy source in DES generates high levels of CO2 emissions, degrading their environmental performance. On the other hand, renewable energy systems are generally integrated into the energy portfolio mix to improve the overall efficiency and sustainability, whilst curbing the overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, an alternative renewable energy polygeneration system design based on biomass and solar energy is proposed. A thermodynamic analysis of the system was carried out, and the energetic and exergetic efficiencies were subsequently compared against the reference case. The results indicate that the alternative system only demonstrates slightly improved efficiencies over the reference system on the basis of cogeneration. However, when implemented for polygeneration, the alternative system offers a clear advantage with estimated energy and exergy efficiencies of 62.9% and 41.9%, respectively. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing number of cycles of induction chemotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Retrospective survival analysis
Authors: He Yan , Zhao Zhihao , Wang Ying , Chai Jiamin , He Jialing , Wang Jingjing , He Ling , Guan Hui , Wei Zhigong , Liu Zheran , Mu Xiaoli , Peng Xingchen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundInduction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy is one of the standards of care for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but the optimal number of induction cycles is unclear. Here we compared survival data from patients treated with 2 to 4 cycles.MethodsPatients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma at West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January 2009 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsSix hundred and seventy three patients met eligibility criteria. After a median follow‐up of 53 months (interquartile range, 38‐74), there was no difference between 2 and 3 cycles in overall survival (88.14% vs 91.24%). But four cycles were associated with worse overall survival (79.12%) and higher incidence of treatment‐related toxicities. Multivariate analysis showed that the number of induction cycles and lymph node classification were prognostic factors.ConclusionsTwo and three cycles of induction chemotherapy are associated with similar survival, while four cycles reduce survival and increase treatment‐related toxicity in endemic regions.