bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An oncopeptide regulates m6A recognition by the m6A reader IGF2BP1 and tumorigenesis
Authors: Zhu Song , Wang Ji-Zhong , Chen De , He Yu-Tian , Meng Nan , Chen Min , Lu Rui-Xun , Chen Xin-Hui , Zhang Xiao-Lan , Yan Guang-Rong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification in eukaryotic RNAs. The biological importance of m6A relies on m6A readers, which control mRNA fate and function. However, it remains unexplored whether additional regulatory subunits of m6A readers are involved in the m6A recognition on RNAs. Here we discover that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00266-1 encodes a 71-amino acid peptide. The peptide mainly interacts with the RNA-binding proteins, including the m6A reader IGF2BP1, and is thus named “RNA-binding regulatory peptide” (RBRP). RBRP binds to IGF2BP1 and strengthens m6A recognition by IGF2BP1 on RNAs, such as c-Myc mRNA, to increase the mRNA stability and expression of c-Myc, thereby promoting tumorigenesis. Cancer patients with RBRPhigh have a poor prognosis. Thus, the oncopeptide RBRP encoded by LINC00266-1 is a regulatory subunit of m6A readers and strengthens m6A recognition on the target RNAs by the m6A reader to exert its oncogenic functions.
Angiotensin II induces coordinated calcium bursts in aldosterone-producing adrenal rosettes
Authors: Guagliardo Nick A. , Klein Peter M. , Gancayco Christina A. , Lu Adam , Leng Sining , Makarem Rany R. , Cho Chelsea , Rusin Craig G. , Breault David T. , Barrett Paula Q. , Beenhakker Mark P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAldosterone-producing zona glomerulosa (zG) cells of the adrenal gland arrange in distinct multi-cellular rosettes that provide a structural framework for adrenal cortex morphogenesis and plasticity. Whether this cyto-architecture also plays functional roles in signaling remains unexplored. To determine if structure informs function, we generated mice with zG-specific expression of GCaMP3 and imaged zG cells within their native rosette structure. Here we demonstrate that within the rosette, angiotensin II evokes periodic Cav3-dependent calcium events that form bursts that are stereotypic in form. Our data reveal a critical role for angiotensin II in regulating burst occurrence, and a multifunctional role for the rosette structure in activity-prolongation and coordination. Combined our data define the calcium burst as the fundamental unit of zG layer activity evoked by angiotensin II and highlight a novel role for the rosette as a facilitator of cell communication.
Translational derepression of Elavl4 isoforms at their alternative 5′ UTRs determines neuronal development
Authors: Popovitchenko Tatiana , Park Yongkyu , Page Nicholas F. , Luo Xiaobing , Krsnik Zeljka , Liu Yuan , Salamon Iva , Stephenson Jessica D. , Kraushar Matthew L. , Volk Nicole L. , Patel Sejal M. , Wijeratne H. R. Sagara , Li Diana , Suthar Kandarp S. , Wach Aaron , Sun Miao , Arnold Sebastian J. , Akamatsu Wado , Okano Hideyuki , Paillard Luc , Zhang Huaye , Buyske Steven , Kostovic Ivica , De Rubeis Silvia , Hart Ronald P. , Rasin Mladen-Roko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNeurodevelopment requires precise regulation of gene expression, including post-transcriptional regulatory events such as alternative splicing and mRNA translation. However, translational regulation of specific isoforms during neurodevelopment and the mechanisms behind it remain unknown. Using RNA-seq analysis of mouse neocortical polysomes, here we report translationally repressed and derepressed mRNA isoforms during neocortical neurogenesis whose orthologs include risk genes for neurodevelopmental disorders. We demonstrate that the translation of distinct mRNA isoforms of the RNA binding protein (RBP), Elavl4, in radial glia progenitors and early neurons depends on its alternative 5′ UTRs. Furthermore, 5′ UTR-driven Elavl4 isoform-specific translation depends on upstream control by another RBP, Celf1. Celf1 regulation of Elavl4 translation dictates development of glutamatergic neurons. Our findings reveal a dynamic interplay between distinct RBPs and alternative 5′ UTRs in neuronal development and underscore the risk of post-transcriptional dysregulation in co-occurring neurodevelopmental disorders.
Kinase inhibition profiles as a tool to identify kinases for specific phosphorylation sites
Authors: Watson Nikolaus A. , Cartwright Tyrell N. , Lawless Conor , Cámara-Donoso Marcos , Sen Onur , Sako Kosuke , Hirota Toru , Kimura Hiroshi , Higgins Jonathan M. G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere are thousands of known cellular phosphorylation sites, but the paucity of ways to identify kinases for particular phosphorylation events remains a major roadblock for understanding kinase signaling. To address this, we here develop a generally applicable method that exploits the large number of kinase inhibitors that have been profiled on near-kinome-wide panels of protein kinases. The inhibition profile for each kinase provides a fingerprint that allows identification of unknown kinases acting on target phosphosites in cell extracts. We validate the method on diverse known kinase-phosphosite pairs, including histone kinases, EGFR autophosphorylation, and Integrin β1 phosphorylation by Src-family kinases. We also use our approach to identify the previously unknown kinases responsible for phosphorylation of INCENP at a site within a commonly phosphorylated motif in mitosis (a non-canonical target of Cyclin B-Cdk1), and of BCL9L at S915 (PKA). We show that the method has clear advantages over in silico and genetic screening.
Cerebrospinal fluid p-tau217 performs better than p-tau181 as a biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Janelidze Shorena , Stomrud Erik , Smith Ruben , Palmqvist Sebastian , Mattsson Niklas , Airey David C. , Proctor Nicholas K. , Chai Xiyun , Shcherbinin Sergey , Sims John R. , Triana-Baltzer Gallen , Theunis Clara , Slemmon Randy , Mercken Marc , Kolb Hartmuth , Dage Jeffrey L. , Hansson Oskar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p-tau181 (tau phosphorylated at threonine 181) is an established biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), reflecting abnormal tau metabolism in the brain. Here we investigate the performance of CSF p-tau217 as a biomarker of AD in comparison to p-tau181. In the Swedish BioFINDER cohort (n = 194), p-tau217 shows stronger correlations with the tau positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [18F]flortaucipir, and more accurately identifies individuals with abnormally increased [18F]flortaucipir retention. Furthermore, longitudinal increases in p-tau217 are higher compared to p-tau181 and better correlate with [18F]flortaucipir uptake. P-tau217 correlates better than p-tau181 with CSF and PET measures of neocortical amyloid-β burden and more accurately distinguishes AD dementia from non-AD neurodegenerative disorders. Higher correlations between p-tau217 and [18F]flortaucipir are corroborated in an independent EXPEDITION3 trial cohort (n = 32). The main results are validated using a different p-tau217 immunoassay. These findings suggest that p-tau217 might be more useful than p-tau181 in the diagnostic work up of AD.
Infrared dielectric metamaterials from high refractive index chalcogenides
Authors: Krishnamoorthy H. N. S. , Adamo G. , Yin J. , Savinov V. , Zheludev N. I. , Soci C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigh-index dielectric materials are in great demand for nanophotonic devices and applications, from ultrathin optical elements to metal-free sub-diffraction light confinement and waveguiding. Here we show that chalcogenide topological insulators are particularly apt candidates for dielectric nanophotonics architectures in the infrared spectral range, by reporting metamaterial resonances in chalcogenide crystals sustained well inside the mid-infrared, choosing Bi2Te3 as case study within this family of materials. Strong resonant modulation of the incident electromagnetic field is achieved thanks to the exceptionally high refractive index ranging between 7 and 8 throughout the 2–10 μm region. Analysis of the complex mode structure in the metamaterial allude to the excitation of circular surface currents which could open pathways for enhanced light-matter interaction and low-loss plasmonic configurations by coupling to the spin-polarized topological surface carriers, thereby providing new opportunities to combine dielectric, plasmonic and magnetic metamaterials in a single platform.
Reduced-dimensional perovskite photovoltaics with homogeneous energy landscape
Authors: He Tingwei , Li Saisai , Jiang Yuanzhi , Qin Chaochao , Cui Minghuan , Qiao Lu , Xu Hongyu , Yang Jien , Long Run , Wang Huanhua , Yuan Mingjian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReduced-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskite materials are widely applied for perovskite photovoltaics due to their remarkable environmental stability. However, their device performance still lags far behind traditional three dimensional perovskites, particularly high open circuit voltage (Voc) loss. Here, inhomogeneous energy landscape is pointed out to be the sole reason, which introduces extra energy loss, creates band tail states and inhibits minority carrier transport. We thus propose to form homogeneous energy landscape to overcome the problem. A synergistic approach is conceived, by taking advantage of material structure and crystallization kinetic engineering. Accordingly, with the help of density functional theory guided material design, (aminomethyl) piperidinium quasi-2D perovskites are selected. The lowest energy distribution and homogeneous energy landscape are achieved through carefully regulating their crystallization kinetics. We conclude that homogeneous energy landscape significantly reduces the Shockley-Read-Hall recombination and suppresses the quasi-Fermi level splitting, which is crucial to achieve high Voc.
Remodeling of active endothelial enhancers is associated with aberrant gene-regulatory networks in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Reyes-Palomares Armando , Gu Mingxia , Grubert Fabian , Berest Ivan , Sa Silin , Kasowski Maya , Arnold Christian , Shuai Mao , Srivas Rohith , Miao Simon , Li Dan , Snyder Michael P. , Rabinovitch Marlene , Zaugg Judith B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEnvironmental and epigenetic factors often play an important role in polygenic disorders. However, how such factors affect disease-specific tissues at the molecular level remains to be understood. Here, we address this in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We obtain pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) from lungs of patients and controls (n = 19), and perform chromatin, transcriptomic and interaction profiling. Overall, we observe extensive remodeling at active enhancers in PAH PAECs and identify hundreds of differentially active TFs, yet find very little transcriptomic changes in steady-state. We devise a disease-specific enhancer-gene regulatory network and predict that primed enhancers in PAH PAECs are activated by the differentially active TFs, resulting in an aberrant response to endothelial signals, which could lead to disturbed angiogenesis and endothelial-to-mesenchymal-transition. We validate these predictions for a selection of target genes in PAECs stimulated with TGF-β, VEGF or serotonin. Our study highlights the role of chromatin state and enhancers in disease-relevant cell types of PAH.
Direct evidence of spatial stability of Bose-Einstein condensate of magnons
Authors: Borisenko I. V. , Divinskiy B. , Demidov V. E. , Li G. , Nattermann T. , Pokrovsky V. L. , Demokritov S. O. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBose-Einstein condensation of magnons is one of few macroscopic quantum phenomena observed at room temperature. Since its discovery, it became an object of intense research, which led to the observation of many exciting phenomena such as quantized vortices, second sound, and Bogolyubov waves. However, it remained unclear what physical mechanisms can be responsible for the spatial stability of the magnon condensate. Indeed, since magnons are believed to exhibit attractive interaction, it is generally expected that the condensate is unstable with respect to the real-space collapse, contrarily to experimental findings. Here, we provide direct experimental evidence that magnons in a condensate exhibit repulsive interaction resulting in the condensate stabilization and propose a mechanism, which is responsible for this interaction. Our experimental conclusions are additionally supported by the theoretical model based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Our findings solve a long-standing problem, providing a new insight into the physics of magnon Bose-Einstein condensates.
Giant orbital magnetoelectric effect and current-induced magnetization switching in twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: He Wen-Yu , Goldhaber-Gordon David , Law K. T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecently, quantum anomalous Hall effect with spontaneous ferromagnetism was observed in twisted bilayer graphenes (TBG) near 3/4 filling. Importantly, it was observed that an extremely small current can switch the direction of the magnetization. This offers the prospect of realizing low energy dissipation magnetic memories. However, the mechanism of the current-driven magnetization switching is poorly understood as the charge currents in graphenes are generally believed to be non-magnetic. In this work, we demonstrate that in TBG, the twisting and substrate induced symmetry breaking allow an out of plane orbital magnetization to be generated by a charge current. Moreover, the large Berry curvatures of the flat bands give the Bloch electrons large orbital magnetic moments so that a small current can generate a large orbital magnetization. We further demonstrate how the charge current can switch the magnetization of the ferromagnetic TBG near 3/4 filling as observed in the experiments.
From quantum to continuum mechanics in the delamination of atomically-thin layers from substrates
Authors: Hauseux Paul , Nguyen Thanh-Tung , Ambrosetti Alberto , Ruiz Katerine Saleme , Bordas Stéphane P. A. , Tkatchenko Alexandre 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnomalous proximity effects have been observed in adhesive systems ranging from proteins, bacteria, and gecko feet suspended over semiconductor surfaces to interfaces between graphene and different substrate materials. In the latter case, long-range forces are evidenced by measurements of non-vanishing stress that extends up to micrometer separations between graphene and the substrate. State-of-the-art models to describe adhesive properties are unable to explain these experimental observations, instead underestimating the measured stress distance range by 2–3 orders of magnitude. Here, we develop an analytical and numerical variational approach that combines continuum mechanics and elasticity with quantum many-body treatment of van der Waals dispersion interactions. A full relaxation of the coupled adsorbate/substrate geometry leads us to conclude that wavelike atomic deformation is largely responsible for the observed long-range proximity effect. The correct description of this seemingly general phenomenon for thin deformable membranes requires a direct coupling between quantum and continuum mechanics.
Diagnosis and prognosis of myocardial infarction on a plasmonic chip
Authors: Xu Wei , Wang Lin , Zhang Ru , Sun Xuming , Huang Lin , Su Haiyang , Wei Xunbin , Chen Chia-Chun , Lou Jiatao , Dai Hongjie , Qian Kun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCardiovascular diseases lead to 31.5% of deaths globally, and particularly myocardial infarction (MI) results in 7.4 million deaths per year. Diagnosis of MI and monitoring for prognostic use are critical for clinical management and biomedical research, which require advanced tools with accuracy and speed. Herein, we developed a plasmonic gold nano-island (pGold) chip assay for diagnosis and monitoring of MI. On-chip microarray analysis of serum biomarkers (e.g., cardiac troponin I) afforded up to 130-fold enhancement of near-infrared fluorescence for ultra-sensitive and quantitative detection within controlled periods, using 10 μL of serum only. The pGold chip assay achieved MI diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 95.54%, superior to the standard chemiluminescence immunoassay in cardiovascular clinics. Further, we monitored biomarker concentrations regarding percutaneous coronary intervention for prognostic purpose. Our work demonstrated a designed approach using plasmonic materials for enhanced diagnosis and monitoring for prognostic use towards point-of-care testing.
High-performance particulate matter including nanoscale particle removal by a self-powered air filter
Authors: Zhang Guo-Hao , Zhu Qiu-Hong , Zhang Lei , Yong Fang , Zhang Zhang , Wang Shuang-Long , Wang You , He Ling , Tao Guo-Hong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractParticulate matter (PM) pollutants, including nanoscale particles (NPs), have been considered serious threats to public health. In this work, a self-powered air filter that can be used in high-efficiency removal of PM, including NPs, is presented. An ionic liquid–polymer (ILP) composite is irregularly distributed onto a sponge network to form an ILP@MF filter. Enabled by its unique electrochemical properties, the ILP@MF filter can remove PM2.5 and PM10 with high efficiencies of 99.59% and 99.75%, respectively, after applying a low voltage. More importantly, the charged ILP@MF filter realizes a superior removal for NPs with an efficiency of 93.77%. A micro-button lithium cell or silicon-based solar panel is employed as a power supply platform to fabricate a portable and self-powered face mask, which exhibits excellent efficacy in particulate removal compared to commercial masks. This work shows a great promise for high-performance purification devices and facile mask production to remove particulate pollutants.
Mechanism of ribosome shutdown by RsfS in Staphylococcus aureus revealed by integrative structural biology approach
Authors: Khusainov Iskander , Fatkhullin Bulat , Pellegrino Simone , Bikmullin Aydar , Liu Wen-ti , Gabdulkhakov Azat , Shebel Amr Al , Golubev Alexander , Zeyer Denis , Trachtmann Natalie , Sprenger Georg A. , Validov Shamil , Usachev Konstantin , Yusupova Gulnara , Yusupov Marat 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor the sake of energy preservation, bacteria, upon transition to stationary phase, tone down their protein synthesis. This process is favored by the reversible binding of small stress-induced proteins to the ribosome to prevent unnecessary translation. One example is the conserved bacterial ribosome silencing factor (RsfS) that binds to uL14 protein onto the large ribosomal subunit and prevents its association with the small subunit. Here we describe the binding mode of Staphylococcus aureus RsfS to the large ribosomal subunit and present a 3.2 Å resolution cryo-EM reconstruction of the 50S-RsfS complex together with the crystal structure of uL14-RsfS complex solved at 2.3 Å resolution. The understanding of the detailed landscape of RsfS-uL14 interactions within the ribosome shed light on the mechanism of ribosome shutdown in the human pathogen S. aureus and might deliver a novel target for pharmacological drug development and treatment of bacterial infections.
Regulatory T cells confer a circadian signature on inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Hand L. E. , Gray K. J. , Dickson S. H. , Simpkins D. A. , Ray D. W. , Konkel J. E. , Hepworth M. R. , Gibbs J. E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe circadian clock is an intrinsic oscillator that imparts 24 h rhythms on immunity. This clock drives rhythmic repression of inflammatory arthritis during the night in mice, but mechanisms underlying this effect are not clear. Here we show that the amplitude of intrinsic oscillators within macrophages and neutrophils is limited by the chronic inflammatory environment, suggesting that rhythms in inflammatory mediators might not be a direct consequence of intrinsic clocks. Anti-inflammatory regulatory T (Treg) cells within the joints show diurnal variation, with numbers peaking during the nadir of inflammation. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory action of Treg cells on innate immune cells contributes to the night-time repression of inflammation. Treg cells do not seem to have intrinsic circadian oscillators, suggesting that rhythmic function might be a consequence of external signals. These data support a model in which non-rhythmic Treg cells are driven to rhythmic activity by systemic signals to confer a circadian signature to chronic arthritis.
Mild proteasomal stress improves photosynthetic performance in Arabidopsis chloroplasts
Authors: Grimmer Julia , Helm Stefan , Dobritzsch Dirk , Hause Gerd , Shema Gerta , Zahedi René P. , Baginsky Sacha 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe proteasome is an essential protein-degradation machinery in eukaryotic cells that controls protein turnover and thereby the biogenesis and function of cell organelles. Chloroplasts import thousands of nuclear-encoded precursor proteins from the cytosol, suggesting that the bulk of plastid proteins is transiently exposed to the cytosolic proteasome complex. Therefore, there is a cytosolic equilibrium between chloroplast precursor protein import and proteasomal degradation. We show here that a shift in this equilibrium, induced by mild genetic proteasome impairment, results in elevated precursor protein abundance in the cytosol and significantly increased accumulation of functional photosynthetic complexes in protein import-deficient chloroplasts. Importantly, a proteasome lid mutant shows improved photosynthetic performance, even in the absence of an import defect, signifying that functional precursors are continuously degraded. Hence, turnover of plastid precursors in the cytosol represents a mechanism to constrain thylakoid membrane assembly and photosynthetic electron transport.
Activating primary care COPD patients with multi-morbidity through tailored self-management support
Authors: Ansari Sameera , Hosseinzadeh Hassan , Dennis Sarah , Zwar Nicholas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGiven the dearth of COPD self-management interventions that specifically acknowledge multi-morbidity in primary care, we aimed to activate COPD patients through personalised self-management support that recognised the implications of co-morbidities. This single-group experimental study included patients aged 40−84 with a spirometry diagnosis of COPD and at least one co-morbidity. A self-management education programme for COPD in the context of multi-morbidity, based on the Health Belief Model, was tailored and delivered to participants by general practice nurses in face-to-face sessions. At 6 months’ follow-up, there was significant improvement in patient activation (p < 0.001), COPD-related quality of life (p = 0.012), COPD knowledge (p < 0.001) and inhaler device technique (p = 0.001), with no significant change in perception of multi-morbidity (p = 0.822) or COPD-related multi-morbidity (0.084). The programme improved patients’ self-efficacy for their COPD as well as overall health behaviour. The findings form an empirical basis for further testing the programme in a large-scale randomised controlled trial.