bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifetime cocaine use is a potential predictor for conversion from major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder: A prospective study
Authors: de Azevedo Cardoso Taiane , Jansen Karen , Mondin Thaise C. , Pedrotti Moreira Fernanda , de Lima Bach Suelen , da Silva Ricardo A. , de Mattos Souza Luciano D. , Balanzá‐Martínez Vicent , Frey Benicio N. , Kapczinski Flavio 
Published: April 2020

AimWe aimed to identify whether lifetime cocaine use is a risk factor for conversion from major depressive disorder (MDD) to bipolar disorder (BD) in an outpatient sample of adults.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 585 subjects aged 18 to 60 years who had been diagnosed with MDD as assessed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI‐Plus) at baseline (2012–2015). Subjects were reassessed a mean of 3 years later (2017–2018) for potential conversion to BD as assessed by the MINI‐Plus. Lifetime cocaine use was assessed using the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test.ResultsIn the second wave, we had 117 (20%) losses, and 468 patients were reassessed. The rate of conversion from MDD to BD in 3 years was 12.4% (n = 58). A logistic regression analysis showed that the risk for conversion from MDD to BD was 3.41‐fold higher (95% confidence interval, 1.11–10.43) in subjects who reported lifetime cocaine use at baseline as compared to individuals who did not report lifetime cocaine use at baseline, after adjusting for demographic and clinical confounders.ConclusionThese findings showed that lifetime cocaine use is a potential predictor of conversion to BD in an MDD cohort. Further studies are needed to assess the possible underlying mechanisms linking exposure to cocaine with BD conversion.
Combinatorial Tim‐3 and PD‐1 activity sustains antigen‐specific Th1 cell numbers during blood‐stage malaria
Authors: Dookie Rebecca S. , Villegas‐Mendez Ana , Kroeze Hans , Barrett Jordan R. , Draper Simon J. , Franke‐Fayard Blandine M. , Janse Chris J. , MacDonald Andrew S. , Couper Kevin N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsCo‐inhibitory receptors play a major role in controlling the Th1 response during blood‐stage malaria. Whilst PD‐1 is viewed as the dominant co‐inhibitory receptor restricting T cell responses, the roles of other such receptors in coordinating Th1 cell activity during malaria are poorly understood.Methods and ResultsHere, we show that the co‐inhibitory receptor Tim‐3 is expressed on splenic antigen‐specific T‐bet+ (Th1) OT‐II cells transiently during the early stage of infection with transgenic Plasmodium yoelii NL parasites expressing ovalbumin (P yoelii NL‐OVA). We reveal that co‐blockade of Tim‐3 and PD‐L1 during the acute phase of P yoelii NL infection did not improve the Th1 cell response but instead led to a specific reduction in the numbers of splenic Th1 OT‐II cells. Combined blockade of Tim‐3 and PD‐L1 did elevate anti‐parasite IgG antibody responses. Nevertheless, co‐blockade of Tim‐3 and PD‐L1 did not affect IFN‐γ production by OT‐II cells and did not influence parasite control during P yoelii NL‐OVA infection.ConclusionThus, our results show that Tim‐3 plays an unexpected combinatorial role with PD‐1 in promoting and/ or sustaining a Th1 cell response during the early phase of blood‐stage P. yoelii NL infection but combined blockade does not dramatically influence anti‐parasite immunity.
Control of potato powdery scab caused by Spongospora subterranea by foliage cover and soil application of chemicals under field conditions with naturally infested soil
Authors: Tsror (Lahkim) Leah , Lebiush Sara , Hazanovsky Marina , Erlich Orly 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPowdery scab (PS), caused by Spongospora subterranea, reduces the quality and marketability of potatoes worldwide. Disease symptoms include lesions on the tuber surface and root galling, which may lead to yield losses. In the current study we report a sustainable approach to reduce PS by manipulating soil temperature during tuber initiation. Plant cover with nonwoven fabric significantly reduced PS on tubers by 54%–69% in 2017 and 84%–93% in 2019, compared to the control, and root galling by 96% in 2019, due to an increased average minimum and maximum soil temperature of 1.8 and 4.2 °C in respective years. Additional preplanting soil treatments were also evaluated in naturally infested soil. In 2017, disease incidence and severity were significantly reduced using 2.5 or 5 L a.i./ha fluazinam in broadcast application or in‐furrow, and by 0.375 or 0.75 L a.i./ha flusulphamide applied in‐furrow. In 2019, disease incidence and severity were significantly reduced by the broadcast application of fluazinam, and 75 kg/ha calcium cyanamide, but the latter had a negative impact on yield. Soil fumigation with metam sodium resulted in a 98% reduction in PS. Root galling was significantly reduced by calcium cyanamide, metam sodium, and fluazinam in the 2019 trial only. Foliar application of resistance‐inducing phosphonates combined with fluazinam application had no additive effect on PS incidence and severity. Integrated approaches such as tolerant cultivars, soil testing, preplanting fungicide application, and sustainable means of control such as foliage cover for a short period may be implemented in order to control the disease and minimize damage.
Cognitive reappraisal moderates the quadratic association between heart rate variability and negative affectivity
Authors: Gray Jackson M. , Tully Erin C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere is uncertainty as to how high‐frequency heart rate variability (HF‐HRV), a marker of an individual's capacity for flexible physiological reactivity, relates to an individual's tendency to experience negative emotions. We propose that both excessively high and excessively low HF‐HRV may reflect maladaptive physiological reactivity tendencies associated with high negative affectivity and that this association may be influenced by the use of emotion regulation strategies, such as cognitively reappraising negative environmental stimuli to downregulate the experience of negative emotions. The purpose of the current study was to examine the moderating role of cognitive reappraisal in the quadratic association between HF‐HRV and negative affectivity. Electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded at rest for 269 young adults (77% female; M = 19.7 years) who then completed self‐report rating scales assessing trait negative affectivity and trait cognitive reappraisal. As predicted, high and low HF‐HRV were associated with high negative affectivity at low levels of trait cognitive reappraisal. At high levels of trait reappraisal, the quadratic association between HF‐HRV and negative affectivity was not significant. These results suggest that, contrary to traditional views, high HF‐HRV may not always be an adaptive characteristic and may depend on an individual's use of emotion regulation strategies, such as cognitive reappraisal.
From Practices to Values: Farmers’ Relationship with Soil Biodiversity in Europe
Authors: Hervé Morgane E.T. , Renault Michel , Plaas Elke , Schuette Rebekka , Potthoff Martin , Cluzeau Daniel , Nicolai Annegret 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAgriculture benefits from soil functions, whereof many depend on soil biota, but some management practices can threaten soil organisms. We inventoried values that European farmers associate to soils and soil biota into their soil management decisions. We used Dewey’s pragmatic epistemology, stating that values can be observed through active behaviours, attitudes and communication acts. We applied a plural values framework on a dataset composed of 35 scientific articles and five focus groups. Farmers saw the soil as a single object. They hardly distinguished soil biota from other elements in their soils. Soil biota remained poorly known and little valued. Besides instrumental values, many other values, such as soil ecosystem resilience, influence farmers’ management choices. We conclude that soils and soil biota values are plural and that they can evolve along with changes in farmers’ practices. Further studies investigating values dynamics in time and space could be beneficial for designing an effective European soil conservation policy.
Hyperammonemia syndrome due to Ureaplasma infection after liver‐kidney transplant
Authors: Cannon Chase A. , Corcorran Maria A. , Shaw Kathryn W. , Montenovo Martin , Sibulesky Lena , Reyes Jorge D. , Rayhill Stephen C. , Larson Anne M. , Kritek Patricia A. , Giovanni Shewit , de Castro Iris , Arora Nayan , Rakita Robert M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHyperammonemia syndrome, with high levels of ammonia and neurologic dysfunction, is a syndrome with historically high mortality that may occur after solid organ transplantation. Recently, this has been associated with infection due to Ureaplasma, mostly following lung transplantation. We describe the first case of hyperammonemia syndrome due to Ureaplasma infection after liver‐kidney transplantation. Our patient rapidly recovered after specific antibiotic treatment. It is important to consider these infections in the differential diagnosis for encephalopathy post‐transplant, as these organisms often do not grow using routine culture methods and polymerase chain reaction testing is typically required for their detection. This is particularly critical after liver transplantation, where a number of other etiologies may be considered as a cause of hyperammonemia syndrome.
Predicting Future Flood Frequency Under Climate Change Using Copula Function
Authors: Goodarzi Mohammad Reza , Fatehifar Atiyeh , Moradi Ali 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe joint behaviour of flood variables under climate change is of high importance for the economics of projects and risk reduction. This study investigates the implications of climate change using Gumbel–Hougaard copula function for future bivariate of flood peak and volume variables, in Azarshahr chay watershed. Canadian Earth system model (CanESM2) under three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) along with statistical downscaling method (SDSM) and soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) were adopted to assess both baseline (1976–2005) and future (2030–2059) periods. Bivariate analysis of Copula improved the accuracy of model with an average NSE of 0.97 for all scenarios. Joint return period for severe floods has declined in the future, especially in RCP8.5. For a constant discharge and volume, joint return periods at the base period, RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 were 24, 10, 13 and 9 years, respectively. Multivariate analysis may also provide useful information for flood risk assessment.
Management of people with venous leg ulcers by Australian general practitioners: An analysis of the national patient‐encounter data
Authors: Weller Carolina D. , Bouguettaya Ayoub , Britt Helena , Harrison Christopher 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVenous Leg Ulcers cost Australia's healthcare system millions yearly, as they are underdiagnosed, and possibly undertreated. Most Venous Leg Ulcers are seen in general practice. However, it is currently unknown as to what treatment actions are most common in these contexts. Understanding how they are managed in these settings can improve healthcare delivery and patient outcomes. Using cross‐sectional general practitioner patient encounter data collected April 2006 to March 2016 from the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health program, a continuous national study of general practice clinical activity in Australia, we aimed to describe the characteristics of venous leg ulcer management by general practitioners in Australia. Among the 972 100 general practitioner‐patient encounters recorded, 3604 (0.34%) involved management of VLU. Male general practitioners managed Venous Leg Ulcers significantly more often than female general practitioners. Most Venous Leg Ulcers were treated via dressings (76%) and/or pharmacological treatments (25.7%), with few patients receiving the best practice treatment of medical compression (2.1%) or referral (4.9%). Patients with new (first visit) Venous Leg Ulcers were more likely to receive pharmacological treatments and to be referred elsewhere, and less likely to receive dressings than patients receiving follow‐up care. There appears to be a large gap between best practice guidelines and actual Venous Leg Ulcers treatments, as referrals and appropriate treatment was low. Further longitudinal studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of care for people with Venous Leg Ulcers who are managed by general practitioners.
“Civil rights? Yeah, right!”: Reflections on legislative changes from older sexual and gender minorities in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Betts David 
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCTION: Sexual and gender minorities continue to face social stigma and discrimination in countries that have progressively passed legislation designed to support their wellbeing and social inclusion. This article explores the impact of similar legislative changes in Aotearoa New Zealand through the reflections of older sexual and gender minorities.METHODS: Semi-structured interviews with older sexual and gender minorities were conducted in multiple locations across Aotearoa New Zealand. Associations between legislative changes, social policy, and stigma and discrimination were examined in relation to the contemporary and historical experiences of older sexual and gender minorities.FINDINGS: Findings indicated that changes in legislation and social policy have not protected older sexual and gender minorities from social stigma and bias, and that social workers need to be active about their role in promoting a critical awareness of these intersections.CONCLUSIONS: With a growing number of older adults who identify as sexual and gender minorities in Aotearoa New Zealand, it is important that social workers promote a critical perspective about relying on legislation as the sole benchmark for social change.
Spermidine Suppresses Development of Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Liu Shuai , Huang Tingting , Liu Rui , Cai Huoying , Pan Baihong , Liao Mingmei , Yang Pu , Wang Lei , Huang Jianhua , Ge Yingbin , Xu Baohui , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2020

Background

The protective effects of polyamines on cardiovascular disease have been demonstrated in many studies. However, the roles of spermidine, a natural polyamine, in abdominal aortic aneurysm (
AAA
) disease have not been studied. In this study, we investigated the influence and potential mechanisms of spermidine treatment on experimental
AAA
disease.

Methods and Results

Experimental
AAA
s were induced in 8‐ to 10‐week‐old male C57
BL
/6J mice by transient intra‐aortic infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase. Spermidine was administered via drinking water at a concentration of 3 mmol/L. Spermidine treatment prevented experimental
AAA
formation with preservation of medial elastin and smooth muscle cells. In immunostaining, macrophages, T cells, neutrophils, and neovessels were significantly reduced in aorta of spermidine‐treated, as compared with vehicle‐treated elastase‐infused mice. Additionally, flow cytometric analysis showed that spermidine treatment reduced aortic leukocyte infiltration and circulating inflammatory cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that spermidine treatment promoted autophagy‐related proteins in experimental
AAA
s using Western blot analysis, immunostaining, and transmission electron microscopic examination. Autophagic function was evaluated for human abdominal aneurysmal and nonaneurysmal adjacent aortae from
AAA
patients using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Dysregulated autophagic function, as evidenced by increased
SQSTM
1/p62 protein and phosphorylated
mTOR
, was found in aneurysmal, as compared with nonaneurysmal, aortic segments.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that spermidine supplementation limits experimental
AAA
formation associated with preserved aortic structural integrity, attenuated aortic inflammatory infiltration, reduced circulating inflammatory monocytes, and increased autophagy‐related proteins. These findings suggest that spermidine may be a promising treatment for
AAA
disease.
Describing the role of the hematology/oncology clinical pharmacist in health information technology
Authors: Philippon Jennifer S , Kusoski Carolyn L , Kennerly-Shah Julie M , Barreto Janinah S 
Published: April 2020

Purpose To describe the role of hematology/oncology clinical pharmacists in health information technology as well as their perceptions of the impact of technology expansion on patient care. Methods A single-center, web-based survey was distributed to 30 hematology/oncology clinical pharmacists by email over the two-week-period of 24 September 2018 to 8 October 2018. The anonymous survey was composed of 19 questions, with varying formats including multiple choice, fill-in-the-blank, and rank order. Primary endpoints were quantification of time spent in the electronic health record and perceptions on how technology expansion has impacted the safety, quality, and efficiency of patient care. Results Twenty-seven hematology/oncology clinical pharmacists (90% response rate) completed the survey in its entirety. Respondents reported that they spend an average of 84.1% of their work day in the electronic health record. Based on a 40-h work week, clinical pharmacists indicated that they spend approximately 32.2 h each week performing direct patient care tasks in the electronic health record compared to 3.7 h on indirect patient care tasks. All respondents reported a greater utilization of technology over the last five years, and most respondents felt that patient care is safer, of better quality, and more efficient with technology expansion. The majority of respondents (81.5%) indicated that clinical pharmacists have the best understanding of the health information technology system, followed by generalist pharmacists and informatics pharmacists. Conclusion The hematology/oncology clinical pharmacist is well positioned to serve as a health information technology leader on the interdisciplinary healthcare team.
In vitro anti-adenoviral activities of ethanol extract, fractions, and main phenolic compounds of pomegranate (Punica granatumL.) peel
Authors: Karimi Ali , Moradi Mohammad-Taghi , Rabiei Mohammad , Alidadi Somayeh 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundAdenovirus causes a number of diseases in human, and can cause serious infection in severely immunosuppressed individuals. Despite the seriousness of adenovirus infection, there is no definitely approved anti-adenoviral therapy. Many studies have shown that compounds derived from medicinal plants have antiviral activity. Therefore, this study evaluated in vitro anti-adenoviral activity of ethanol extract, fractions, and main phenolic compounds of pomegranate peel.MethodsThe ethanol extract of pomegranate peel was prepared with maceration method and fractionated by consecutive liquid/liquid partition. The cytotoxic and anti-adenovirus activities of the extract, fractions, and main phenolic compounds (ellagic acid, punicalagin and gallic acid) were evaluated on Hep-2 cell line using MTT assay. Inhibitory effect on adsorption and post-adsorption phases of the virus replication cycle was also evaluated.ResultsPomegranate peel extract had a desirable effect against adenovirus with IC50of 5.77 µg/mL and selectivity index of 49.9. Among the fractions and compounds, the n-butanol fraction and gallic acid had the highest anti-adenoviral activity with IC50of 2.16 µg/mL and 4.67 µM and selectivity indices of 122.5 and 10.5, respectively. The crude extract, n-butanol fraction and gallic acid inhibited the virus replication in post-adsorption phase ( p <  0.01).ConclusionPomegranate peel extract, especially its n-butanol fraction, could serve as a new promising anti-adenovirus agent due to high inhibitory effect against adenovirus replication. The effect of the n-butanol fraction may be related to the synergistic effect or other compounds of this fraction. Further understanding of the bioassay guided isolation of natural compounds of this fraction seems essential.
Ultrasound parameters of pelvic organs and their age-related changes in a cohort of asymptomatic postmenopausal women: A community-based study
Authors: Dias Thiran D , Palihawadana Thilina S , Patabendige Malitha , Motha Mary BC , de Silva Hithanadura J 
Published: April 2020

Objective To describe the ultrasound parameters of pelvic organs and their age-related changes in a cohort of asymptomatic postmenopausal women and to describe the prevalence of ultrasound-detected pathologies in a Sri Lankan population. Study design A large community-based longitudinal study using a randomly selected sample of postmenopausal women who have never used hormone replacement therapy. Main outcome measures Uterine, endometrial and ovarian measurements at pelvic ultrasonography as described by the International Endometrial Tumor Analysis and the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis groups. Results A total of 815 postmenopausal women were approached and all volunteered to participate. This included women between the ages of 45 and 74 years with a median (interquartile range (IQR)) of 62.0 (10.0) years. The median (IQR) uterine volume was 18.1 (17) ml, while the median (IQR) of right and left ovarian volumes were 17.3 (22.9) ml and 18.2 (21.5) ml. Both uterine and ovarian volumes showed an age-related decline (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the ovarian volumes demonstrated an increase in size with a higher body mass index (p < 0.03 for left and p < 0.01 for right, respectively). Median (IQR) endometrial thickness among the population was 3.0 (1.0) mm and there was no age-related change observed. Sixty-one women had an ultrasound-detected gynaecological pathology with a prevalence of 7.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.6–9.5). Conclusions This study aimed at describing ultrasound parameters of pelvic organs among postmenopausal women of Sri Lanka was able to provide the reference values for uterine and ovarian volume among asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Both uterine and ovarian volumes demonstrated an age-related decline, whereas the endometrial thickness does not seem to relate to the age.