bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Liolaemus lemniscatus eavesdrop on the distress calls of the sympatric weeping lizard?
Authors: Fong Lydia J. M. , Navea Fernando , Labra Antonieta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor a prey, its best ticket to stay alive is to get early and accurate information on predation risk and so, escape from predation at low cost. Some prey species have evolved the ability to eavesdrop signals intended for others, which contain information on predation risk. This is the case for the vocalizations produced by prey species when interacting with predators. Although primarily studied in birds and mammals, eavesdropping on vocal signals has been recorded in some lizard species. Here, we explored whether the lizard Liolaemus lemniscatus eavesdrops on the distress calls of its sympatric species, the Weeping lizard (L. chiliensis). Individuals of the Weeping lizard respond to these calls by displaying antipredator behaviours (i.e., reduced movement), and individuals of L. lemniscatus may potentially display similar defences if they decode the information contained in these calls. Our playback experiments showed that individuals of L. lemniscatus responded to the sound stimuli (distress calls and white noise), reducing their activity, but they did not discriminate between these two stimuli, suggesting that L. lemniscatus does not eavesdrop on the distress calls of its sympatric lizard species. We discuss some hypotheses to explain the lack of eavesdropping by L. lemniscatus on the Weeping lizard distress calls.
Validation and application of OCT tissue attenuation index for the detection of neointimal foam cells
Authors: Nicol Philipp , Hoppman Petra , Euller Kristina , Xhepa Erion , Lenz Tobias , Rai Himanshu , Jinnouchi Hiroyuki , Bulin Anna , Castellanos Maria Isabel , Lahmann Anna Lena , Koppara Tobias , Kastrati Adnan , Joner Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNeointimal infiltration with foamy macrophages is recognized as an early and important sign of de-novo atherosclerosis after stent implantation (neoatherosclerosis). Recent histopathological studies have proven that automated quantification of signal attenuation using intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging allows for sensitive identification of macrophages in native atherosclerotic disease. Whether this is true for neointimal foam cells in the setting of neoatherosclerosis remains unknown. Autopsy samples of stented coronary arteries (n = 13 cases) were evaluated by histology and OCT. After co-registration with histology, the attenuation rate of emitted laser light was measured in regions with and without neointimal foamy macrophages relative to its peak intensity at the blood-tissue interface. Attenuation index was subsequently determined as slope of a regression curve fitted to individual data points. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to establish an optimal cut-off for detecting foamy macrophages in homogenous and non-homogenous neointima, respectively. Finally, the tissue attenuation index was applied to confirm or exclude the presence of neointimal foamy macrophages in symptomatic patients presenting with in-stent restenosis and undergoing intravascular OCT imaging (n = 29 cases). Tissue attenuation index derived from post-mortem samples differed significantly between histologically confirmed regions with and without neointimal foamy macrophages (− 1.23 ± 1.42 vs. − 0.52 ± 1.79, p < 0.05). ROC analysis was able to distinguish neointima with foamy macrophage infiltration from neointima without (93% sensitivity, 73% specificity, cut-off − 0.79, AUC 0.87 for homogenous neointima and 40% sensitivity, 95% specificity, cut-off − 1.93, AUC 0.69 for non-homogenous neointima). In symptomatic patients presenting with in-stent restenosis after stent implantation and undergoing intravascular imaging with OCT, neointimal foamy macrophages were detected in 34.2% of homogenous and 43.6% of non-homogenous neointimal ROI’s evaluated. OCT-derived and histopathologically validated tissue attenuation index enables identification of neointimal foamy macrophages in stented coronary arteries. Such image-based post-processing software algorithm may help discern and triage subjects at increased risk for device-related events.
Microscale mechanical modeling of deformable geomaterials with dynamic contacts based on the numerical manifold method
Authors: Hu Mengsu , Rutqvist Jonny 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMicromechanical modeling of geomaterials is challenging because of the complex geometry of discontinuities and potentially large number of deformable material bodies that contact each other dynamically. In this study, we have developed a numerical approach for micromechanical analysis of deformable geomaterials with dynamic contacts. In our approach, we detect contacts among multiple blocks with arbitrary shapes, enforce different contact constraints for three different contact states of separated, bonded, and sliding, and iterate within each time step to ensure convergence of contact states. With these features, we are able to simulate the dynamic contact evolution at the microscale for realistic geomaterials having arbitrary shapes of grains and interfaces. We demonstrate the capability with several examples, including a rough fracture with different geometric surface asperity characteristics, settling of clay aggregates, compaction of a loosely packed sand, and failure of an intact marble sample. With our model, we are able to accurately analyze (1) large displacements and/or deformation, (2) the process of high stress accumulated at contact areas, (3) the failure of a mineral cemented rock samples under high stress, and (4) post-failure fragmentation. The analysis highlights the importance of accurately capturing (1) the sequential evolution of geomaterials responding to stress as motion, deformation, and high stress; (2) large geometric features outside the norms (such as large asperities and sharp corners) as such features can dominate the micromechanical behavior; and (3) different mechanical behavior between loosely packed and tightly packed granular systems.
How to Justify the Symmetrization Postulate in Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Bigaj Tomasz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to reconstruct and correct one argument (known in the literature as the exchange degeneracy argument) in support of the symmetrization postulate in quantum mechanics. I identify the central premise of the argument as a thesis specifying a particular ontic (or epistemic) property of quantum superpositions. The precise form of this thesis depends on some underlying assumptions of a metaphysical character (concerning identifications of objects across possible worlds, or representations de re). I compare the exchange degeneracy argument with alternative formal arguments for the symmetrization postulate, and I discuss the role and meaning of labels in the symmetric/antisymmetric representations of the states of many particles.
Synthetic X-ray Tomography Diagnostics for Tokamak Plasmas
Authors: Jardin A. , Bielecki J. , Mazon D. , Dankowski J. , Król K. , Peysson Y. , Scholz M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTomography diagnostics represent an essential tool in tokamaks to infer the local plasma properties using line-integrated measurements from one or several cameras. In particular, soft X-rays (SXR) in the energy range 0.1–20 keV can provide valuable information on magnetohydrodynamic activity, magnetic equilibrium or impurity transport. Heavy impurities like tungsten (W) are a major source of concern due to significant radiation losses in the plasma core, thus they have to be kept under acceptable concentrations. Therefore, 2D SXR tomography diagnostics become crucial to estimate the W concentration profile in the plasma, quantify the W poloidal distribution and identify relevant impurity mitigation strategies. In this context, a synthetic diagnostic becomes a very valuable tool (1) to study the tomographic reconstruction capabilities, (2) to validate diagnostic design as well as (3) to assess the error propagation during the reconstruction process and impurity transport analysis. The goal of this contribution is to give some highlights on recent studies related to each of these three steps, for the development of SXR synthetic diagnostic tools in tokamak plasmas.
Thermodynamics of antibiotics: natural cyclodextrin inclusion complex formation and covering of nano-metric calcite with these substances
Authors: Szaruga Konrad , Fuz Maja , Wszelaka-Rylik Małgorzata , Gierycz Paweł 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIsothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) has been used to characterize inclusion complex formation of natural (α-, β-, γ-)cyclodextrins with antibiotics (ampicillin—sodium, penicillin G—sodium, streptomycin sulfate) in aqueous solutions. ITC measurements were taken at 298.15 K on Isothermal Titration Calorimeter Nano ITC. The experimental data were analyzed on the basis of the independent site model. Based on the experimental values of equilibrium constant (K) and enthalpy of complex formation (ΔH), the Gibbs energy of complex formation (ΔG) and the entropy of complex formation (ΔS) have been calculated. The analysis of the obtained inclusion complexes show that independently of the kind of cyclodextrin and antibiotics the obtained equilibrium constants are almost the same, but it is a difference between the changes in enthalpies of complex formation for the investigated systems. The stoichiometry of complexes formed both by ampicillin—sodium and by penicillin G—sodium with all the natural cyclodextrins is the same and equal to 1:1 and the complex formation is entropy driven. Three antibiotics (ampicillin—sodium, penicillin G—sodium and streptomycin sulfate) have been used further for covering of the monodisperse calcium carbonate nanoparticles obtained in the reactor (three-phase reaction) with rotating disks. Three series of experiments have been performed. First was connected with adsorption of the antibiotics on the surface on nano-calcite and two others with intercalation of the drugs into nano-metric CaCO3 structure (aggregates). An intercalation has been performed in two ways: one where the antibiotic was added to the reactor chamber at the beginning of the precipitation reaction and second where it was added just after the end of the reaction. Both pure CaCO3 nanoparticle and antibiotic-coated CaCO3 powders were deeply analyzed by the use of the thermogravimetric and the differential scanning calorimetry method. The performed investigations showed that all the antibiotics used can be both adsorbed and intercalated into the nano-metric CaCO3 obtained in the reactor with rotating disks. The different adsorption obtained by different antibiotics was caused by the different interaction between them and nano-calcite, caused by their different structure. The experimental data have allowed also for distinction between the antibiotics molecules present on calcite surface (adsorption) or antibiotics molecules intercalated into the nano-calcite structure. The conducted research shows that both approaches, i.e., formation of inclusion complexes with natural cyclodextrins and covering (adsorption and intercalation) of nano-metric CaCO3, can be successfully implemented for their pharmaceutical applications.
Synthesis and thermogravimetric analysis of monoclinic yttrium citrate dihydrate
Authors: Janusz Władysław , Skwarek Ewa , Sternik Dariusz , Pikus Stanisław 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe yttrium citrate was synthesized using freshly precipitated yttrium hydroxide and citric acid (or monosodium citrate) in the aqueous environment by the hydrothermal treatment at 80 °C or 100 °C. The properties of the samples were investigated using the CHN, XRD, TGA and static light scattering. Crystalline yttrium citrate dihydrate is formed by the reaction of citric acid with freshly precipitated yttrium hydroxide after 14 days of reaction at 80 or 100 °C. The thermogravimetric analysis of the crystalline sample of yttrium citrate dihydrate, thermal decomposition of the compound in the synthetic air occurs in four stages with the release of mainly water and carbon dioxide. Methane and propyne are formed in smaller amounts.
The Effect of Type of Femoral Component Fixation on Mortality and Morbidity after Hip Hemiarthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Imam Mohamed , Shehata Mohamed , Morsi Mahmoud , Shawqi Muhammad , Elsehili Ahmed , Trikha Paul , Ernstbrunner Lukas , Unnithan Ashwin , Khaleel Arshad , Monga Puneet , Narvani Ali , Sallam Asser 
Published: August 2020

Background Hip hemiarthroplasty is a well-established treatment of displaced femoral neck fracture, although debate exists over whether cemented or uncemented fixation is superior. Uncemented prostheses have typically been used in younger, healthier patients and cemented prostheses in older patients with less-stable bone. Also, earlier research has suggested that bone cement has cytotoxic effects and may trigger cardiovascular and respiratory adverse events. Questions/Purposes The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare morbidity and mortality rates after cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients. Methods Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched seven medical databases for randomized clinical trials and observational studies. We compared cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty using the Harris Hip Score (HHS), as well as measures of postoperative pain, mortality, and complications. Data were extracted and pooled as risk ratios or standardized mean difference with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals in a meta-analysis model. Results The meta-analysis included 34 studies (12 randomized trials and 22 observational studies), with a total of 42,411 patients. In the pooled estimate, cemented hemiarthroplasty was associated with less risk of postoperative pain than uncemented hemiarthroplasty. There were no significant differences between groups regarding HHS or rates of postoperative mortality, pulmonary embolism, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, acute cardiac arrhythmia, or deep venous thrombosis. Conclusions While we found that cemented hemiarthroplasty results in less postoperative pain than uncemented hemiarthroplasty in older patients with femoral neck fracture, the lack of significant differences in functional hip scores, mortality, and complications was surprising. Further high-level research is needed.
Let’s Talk About Fixed Effects: Let’s Talk About All the Good Things and the Bad Things
Authors: Collischon Matthias , Eberl Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith the broader availability of panel data, fixed effects (FE) regression models are becoming increasingly important in sociology. However, in some studies the potential pitfalls of these models may be ignored, and common critiques of FE models may not always be applicable in comparison to other methods. This article provides an overview of linear FE models and their pitfalls for applied researchers. Throughout the article, we contrast FE and classical pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) models. We argue that in most cases FE models are at least as good as pooled OLS models. Therefore, we encourage scholars to use FE models if possible. Nevertheless, the limitations of FE models should be known and considered.
How and when do big data investments pay off? The role of marketing affordances and service innovation
Authors: De Luca Luigi M. , Herhausen Dennis , Troilo Gabriele , Rossi Andrea 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBig data technologies and analytics enable new digital services and are often associated with superior performance. However, firms investing in big data often fail to attain those advantages. To answer the questions of how and when big data pay off, marketing scholars need new theoretical approaches and empirical tools that account for the digitized world. Building on affordance theory, the authors develop a novel, conceptually rigorous, and practice-oriented framework of the impact of big data investments on service innovation and performance. Affordances representaction possibilities, namely what individuals or organizations with certain goals and capabilities can do with a technology. The authors conceptualize and operationalize three important big data marketing affordances: customer behavior pattern spotting, real-time market responsiveness, and data-driven market ambidexterity. The empirical analysis establishes construct validity and offers a preliminary nomological test of direct, indirect, and conditional effects of big data marketing affordances on perceived big data performance.
A constraint-based approach for optimizing the design of overhead lines
Authors: Cicconi Paolo , Manieri Steve , Nardelli Miriam , Bergantino Nicola , Raffaeli Roberto , Germani Michele 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe use of computational methods in engineering design is a long-standing issue. Several mathematical approaches have been investigated in the literature to support the design optimization of engineering products. Most of them are focused on the optimization of a single structure, without considering a system of structures. The design of supports for electric lines requires tools for the management and sizing of a system of structures that interacts with each other under specific load conditions. This paper deals with a framework to support the design optimization of an overhead line using methods related to the theory of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem. The object-oriented model of a transmission line has been described and then implemented into a prototypical software platform. The parameters to be considered as variables are defined by the designer at the beginning of the optimization process. These variables are geometrical dimensions, poles locations, cable pre-tension, etc. The set of constraints is related to normative, climate conditions, datasheets, material limits, and expert knowledge. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, a case study has been developed considering a variable number of constraints and parameters. In particular, the case study is focused on the design of a low-voltage sub-network between two distribution substations.
Mucormycosis of Neck a Rare Presentation
Authors: Kancharu Feroze Khan , Viswam Vineeth , Sreeram P. , Warrier Anup , Karunakaran Aparna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMucormycosis is a dreaded clinical entity caused by filamentous fungi of the order Mucorales mainly affecting immunocompromised individuals. Usually seen involving paranasal sinuses, orbit, lungs and gastrointestinal system, it is extremely rare in other areas. Herein we report a rare presentation of Mucormycosis affecting the ear and neck where early detection, timely intervention, multidisciplinary involvement and judicious use of local antibiotics apart from the mainstay treatment regimen like surgical debridement and intravenous Amphotericin B has saved the patient and given him a reasonably good quality of life devoid of morbidity.
Balancing the Activity and Selectivity of Propane Oxidative Dehydrogenation on NiOOH (001) and (010)
Authors: Li Lisheng , Wang Hua , Han Jinyu , Zhu Xinli , Ge Qingfeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPropane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) is an energy-efficient approach to produce propylene. However, ODH suffers from low propylene selectivity due to a relatively higher activation barrier for propylene formation compared with that for further oxidation. In this work, calculations based on density functional theory were performed to map out the reaction pathways of propane ODH on the surfaces (001) and (010) of nickel oxide hydroxide (NiOOH). Results show that propane is physisorbed on both surfaces and produces propylene through a two-step radical dehydrogenation process. The relatively low activation barriers of propane dehydrogenation on the NiOOH surfaces make the NiOOH-based catalysts promising for propane ODH. By contrast, the weak interaction between the allylic radical and the surface leads to a high activation barrier for further propylene oxidation. These results suggest that the catalysts based on NiOOH can be active and selective for the ODH of propane toward propylene.
Response and Recovery of Eelgrass (Zostera marina) to Chronic and Episodic Light Disturbance
Authors: Wong Melisa C. , Vercaemer Benedikte M. , Griffiths Gwendolyn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractReduced light availability is a leading cause of seagrass declines worldwide. Light deficiency can be chronic or episodic, where pulsed light stress is punctuated by periods of optimal light. Seagrass resilience to light stress is likely modulated by the durations of light stress and the level of light reduction, yet remains poorly understood. We used a laboratory experiment to examine the response and recovery of Zostera marina to 16 weeks of three types of light disturbance: (i) continuous (C; constant shade), (ii) episodic low (EL; cycles of 4 days shade:3 days no shade), and (iii) episodic high (EH; cycles of 12 days shade:2 days no shade), each implemented at three shade levels (40, 60, and 80% shade). Declines in shoot density and biomass began after 8 weeks and were highest in C and EH disturbance in 60 and 80% shade. Declines were minimal in 40% shade across all light disturbances and in EL across all shade levels. Sheath length responded mainly to shade level, initially increasing in 60 and 80% shade before decreasing. Rhizome carbohydrates initially declined in all light disturbances with 80% shade but did so earlier in C and EH disturbance, and then increased once shoot density decreased. When ambient light was restored, physiological measures recovered, but shoot density, biomass, and morphology did not. Our study showed that shade level strongly modulated Z. marina responses to light disturbance. Not only will chronic high light reduction have negative impacts but pulsed light disturbance can as well, especially when light-stress periods are long and light reduction high.
Numerical study on heat transfer between airflow and surrounding rock with two major ventilation models in deep coal mine
Authors: Guo Pingye , Su Yi , Pang Dongyang , Wang Yanwei , Guo Zhibiao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNot only is the thermal environment of the coal mining face related to the temperature of the surrounding rock, it is also closely associated with the ventilation model of the working face. In this study, the numerical methods were applied to study the impact of two major ventilation systems on the airflow temperature of working face in coalmine. Firstly, a heat transfer model of the surrounding rock and airflow was established to reveal that the wall roughness of the surrounding rock could enhance heat transfer between the surrounding rock and the airflow. Moreover, an analysis was conducted of the heat transfer between the airflow and the surrounding rock under different modes of ventilation in the first mining face. According to the analytical results, the temperature of airflow in the U-type ventilation system is lower than in the Y-type ventilation system. For the next adjacent coal mining face, however, the Y-type ventilation system is more conducive in reducing the temperature of the airflow. Therefore, with regard to the mine as a whole, the Y-type ventilation system is more effective than a U-type system in reducing heat and humidity in the ambient environment.