bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction reinitiates an inflammatory and chondrodegenerative process in the knee joint
Authors: Hunt Emily R. , Jacobs Cale A. , Conley Caitlin E.‐W. , Ireland Mary L. , Johnson Darren L. , Lattermann Christian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury leads to a sustained increase in synovial fluid concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers of cartilage breakdown. While this has been documented post‐injury, it remains unclear whether ACL reconstruction surgery contributes to the inflammatory process and/or cartilage breakdown. This study is a secondary analysis of 14 patients (nine males/five females, mean age = 9, mean BMI = 28) enrolled in an IRB‐approved randomized clinical trial. Arthrocentesis was performed at initial presentation (mean = 6 days post‐injury), immediately prior to surgery (mean = 23 days post‐injury), 1‐week post‐surgery, and 1‐month post‐surgery. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay kits were used to determine concentrations of carboxy‐terminal telopeptides of type II collagen (CTXII), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and IL‐1β in the synovial fluid. The log‐transformed IL‐1β was not normally distributed; therefore, changes between time points were evaluated using a non‐parametric Kruskal‐Wallis one‐way ANOVA. IL‐1β concentrations significantly increased from the day of surgery to the first postoperative time point (P ≤ .001) and significantly decreased at the 4‐week postoperative visit (P = .03). IL‐1β concentrations at the 4‐week postoperative visit remained significantly greater than both preoperative time points (P > .05). IL‐6 concentrations at 1‐week post‐surgery were significantly higher than at initial presentation (P = .013), the day of surgery (P < .001), and 4 weeks after surgery (P = .002). CTX‐II concentrations did not differ between the first three‐time points (P > .99) but significantly increased at 4 weeks post‐surgery (P < .01). ACL reconstruction appears to reinitiate an inflammatory response followed by an increase in markers for cartilage degradation. ACL reconstruction appears to initiate a second “inflammatory hit” resulting in increased chondral breakdown suggesting that post‐operative chondroprotection may be needed.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Exercise for Parkinsonian Individuals With Freezing of Gait
Authors: Silva‐Batista Carla , de Lima‐Pardini Andrea Cristina , Nucci Mariana Penteado , Coelho Daniel Boari , Batista Alana , Piemonte Maria Elisa Pimentel , Barbosa Egberto Reis , Teixeira Luis Augusto , Corcos Daniel M. , Amaro Edson , Horak Fay B. , Ugrinowitsch Carlos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundExercises with motor complexity induce neuroplasticity in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), but its effects on freezing of gait are unknown. The objective of this study was to verify if adapted resistance training with instability — exercises with motor complexity will be more effective than traditional motor rehabilitation — exercises without motor complexity in improving freezing‐of‐gait severity, outcomes linked to freezing of gait, and brain function.MethodsFreezers were randomized either to the adapted resistance training with instability group (n = 17) or to the active control group (traditional motor rehabilitation, n = 15). Both training groups performed exercises 3 times a week for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were freezing of gait ratio (turning task), cognitive inhibition (Stroop‐III test), motor signs (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part‐III [UPDRS‐III]), quality of life (PD Questionnaire 39), anticipatory postural adjustment (leg‐lifting task) and brain activation during a functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol of simulated anticipatory postural adjustment task. Outcomes were evaluated before and after interventions.ResultsOnly adapted resistance training with instability improved all the outcomes (P < 0.05). Adapted resistance training with instability was more effective than traditional motor rehabilitation (in improving freezing‐of‐gait ratio, motor signs, quality of life, anticipatory postural adjustment amplitude, and brain activation; P < 0.05). Our results are clinically relevant because improvement in the New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (−4.4 points) and UPDRS‐III (−7.4 points) scores exceeded the minimally detectable change (traditional motor rehabilitation group data) and the moderate clinically important difference suggested for PD, respectively. The changes in mesencephalic locomotor region activation and in anticipatory postural adjustment amplitude explained the changes in New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire scores and in freezing‐of‐gait ratio following adapted resistance training with instability, respectively.ConclusionsAdapted resistance training with instability is able to cause significant clinical improvement and brain plasticity in freezers. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Isolation, in vitro study, and stem cell markers for type A spermatogonia in a Characiformes species
Authors: Dias Gisele C. M. , Batlouni Sérgio R. , Cassel Mônica , Chehade Chayrra , De Jesus Lázaro W. O. , Branco Giovana S. , Camargo Marília P. , Borella Maria I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to establish a protocol for the characterization, isolation, and culture of type A spermatogonia using specific molecular markers for these cells in fish. To this end, adult Prochilodus lineatus testes were collected and digested enzymatically and the resulting testicular suspension was separated using a discontinuous Percoll gradient, followed by differential plating. The cell cultures obtained were monitored for 15 days and analyzed using the immunofluorescence method with anti‐Vasa, anti‐GFRα1, and anti‐OCT4 antibodies. Spermatogonial enrichment was also performed using flow cytometry. Although discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation followed by differential plating enabled the removal of differentiated germ cells and somatic cells, enriching the pool of type A spermatogonia, the enrichment of type A spermatogonia through flow cytometry of samples without Percoll proved to be more efficient. Prominent cell agglomerates that were characterized according to different stem cell markers as type A spermatogonia were observed during the 15 days of the cell culture. The use of immunoperoxidase and western blot analysis methods confirmed the specificity of the markers for type A spermatogonia of P. lineatus. When combined with specific cell culture conditions, the positive characterization of these molecular markers clarified certain aspects of spermatogonial regulation, such as survival and proliferation. Finally, understanding the regulation of the in vitro germ cell maintenance process may contribute to the enhancement of in vivo and in vitro reproduction techniques of endangered or aquaculture fish species.
Relationship between protégés’ self‐concordance and life purpose: The moderating role of mentor feedback environment
Authors: Gong Zhenxing , Van Swol Lyn M. , Hou Wenli , Zhang Na 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo deepen our research on how to develop a more positive life purpose, this study investigates the role of protégés’ self‐concordance and mentor feedback environment in shaping protégés’ life purpose.MethodThis study was a cross‐sectional study using a sample of nurses. 700 valid questionnaires were collected. Jamovi and Process Macro were used for analysis.ResultsThe positive association between self‐concordance and protégés’ life purpose is stronger when mentor feedback environment is high than when mentor feedback environment is low.ConclusionProtégés’ life purpose can be enhanced by self‐concordance, especially for protégés who work in supportive mentor feedback environment.Implications for nursing managementIt is important to build a supportive mentor feedback environment. Further, protégés should promote the transformation of extrinsic motivation to intrinsic motivation.
A micromechanical model for loading and unloading behavior of fiber reinforced plastics under cyclic loading
Authors: Rozo Lopez Nicolas , Chen Jiuheng , Hopmann Christian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe high fatigue resistance and low weight features make the unidirectional‐carbon fiber reinforced plastics (UD‐CFRP) attractive for cyclic loading applications. However, the complex damage mechanisms within the composite hinder the understanding of its fatigue response. An energy‐based fatigue model has been proposed for the fatigue behavior of epoxy polymers. However, this kind of approaches dependent on the accurate description of the material's behavior. Our work aims to build a representative volume element model (RVE) for the simulation of the cyclic shear loading behavior of UD‐CFRP, which could support the later extension of an energy‐based fatigue model. To precisely reproduce the micromechanical stress‐strain distribution within the matrix, a nonlinear viscoelastic model has been implemented and validated against experimental data. As a result, the simulated UD‐CFRP hysteresis, as well as the stiffness and strain energy density were accurately reproduced for two load ratios (R = 0.1 and R =  − 1). Additionally, the cyclic strain accumulation observed in the UD‐CFRP can be accurately described by the proposed model.
Electrostatic potential fluctuations and light‐soaking effects in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells
Authors: Nikolaeva Aleksandra , Krause Maximilian , Schäfer Norbert , Witte Wolfram , Hariskos Dimitrios , Kodalle Tim , Kaufmann Christian A. , Barreau Nicolas , Abou‐Ras Daniel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin‐film solar cells, laterally inhomogeneous distributions of point defects may induce electrostatic potential fluctuations and thus reduce the open‐circuit voltage (Voc). In the present work, we investigate possible origins of fluctuating potentials and estimate the amplitude of fluctuations and Voc losses in solar cells with various [Ga] in the CIGS absorber, with different buffer layers and with different durations of an RbF postdeposition treatment (PDT). Electron‐beam‐induced current measurements were employed to study the local difference in the width of the space‐charge region (wSCR). It is shown that the amplitude of fluctuations in the wSCR depends significantly on the choice of buffer system and on the duration of the RbF PDT. In addition, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence measurements reveal that band‐gap fluctuations do not have substantial impact on the device performance. Finally, some of the investigated cells were exposed to light soaking, which was found to be a means to reduce the detected electrostatic potential fluctuations and also to increase the effective electron diffusion length in the CIGS absorber for a part of the investigated cells.
Immune‐related factors associated with pneumonia in 127 children with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan
Authors: Li Yi , Deng Wenyue , Xiong Hao , Li Hui , Chen Zhi , Nie Yingming , Wang Zhuo , Li Kaili , Li Jianxin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveInformation regarding the association of immune‐related factors with pneumonia in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is scarce. This study aims to summarize the immune‐related factors and their association with pneumonia in children with COVID‐19.MethodsChildren with COVID‐19 at Wuhan Children's Hospital from 28 January to 12 March 2020 were enrolled. Pneumonia due to causes other than COVID‐19 were excluded. The clinical and laboratory information including routine blood tests, blood biochemistry, lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulins, cytokines, and inflammatory factors were analyzed retrospectively in 127 patients. Normal ranges and mean values of laboratory markers were applied as parameters for logistic regression analyses of their association with pneumonia.ResultsIn nonintensive care unit patients, 48.8% and 22.4% of patients had increased levels of procalcitonin and hypersensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) respectively. A total 12.6% and 18.1% of patients had decreased levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and interleukin 10 (IL‐10), respectively. Approximately 65.8% of patients had pneumonia. These patients had decreased levels of globulin (odds ratio [OR], 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41‐6.93; P = .005), IgA (OR, 4.00; 95% CI, 1.13‐14.18; P = .032), and increased levels of hs‐CRP (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.34‐7.36; P = .008), procalcitonin (OR, 3.83; 95% CI, 2.03‐7.24; P < .001), IL‐10 (OR, 7.0; 95% CI, 1.59‐30.80; P = .010), and CD4+ CD25+ T lymphocyte less than 5.0% (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.04‐3.61; P = 0.038).ConclusionDecreased IgA and CD4+ CD25+ T lymphocyte percentage, and increased hs‐CRP, procalcitonin, and IL‐10 were associated with pneumonia, suggesting that the immune‐related factors may participate in the pathogenesis of pneumonia in children with COVID‐19.
Comparison of Isolation Methods and Physicochemical Characteristics of Starches Isolated from Red and White Sorghum Hybrids
Authors: Micaela Albarracín , Drago Silvina Rosa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to optimize starch isolation from different sorghum cultivars and characterize the starch from fourteen red and white sorghum hybrids. Methods involving sulfite maceration and/or protein hydrolysis are assayed. Recovery and yield, residual protein, total and starch damage, whiteness index (WI), water absorption, solubility, and swelling power of isolated starches are compared in order to select the appropriate isolation method. Results indicate that starch recoveries between 44–76%. Isolated starches present 0.58–2.4 g 100 g−1 residual proteins, 89.1–90.6 WI, 5.10–9.57 g 100 g−1 solubility, and 15.09–22.57 g water 100 g−1 swelling power. Taking into account recovery, residual protein, WI, and good hydration properties of starch, the maceration during 24 h combined with protein hydrolysis during 3 h is used to isolate starches. After starch isolation, its characterization (residual protein, total and damage starch, amylose content, particle size distribution, WI, crystallinity, gelatinization temperature, water absorption, solubility, and swelling power) is performed. Principal component analysis shows that color as indicator of variety is influenced by the structure, composition, and physicochemical properties of isolated starch. Starches from white sorghum hybrids have higher amylose content and gelatinization temperature than the red ones, which affect starch solubility, and swelling power.
A lineage‐based infrageneric classification of Turnera (Turneraceae)
Authors: Rocha Lamarck , Ribeiro Patrícia Luz , Rapini Alessandro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study of Turneraceae showed that Turnera, the largest genus in the family, should be recircumscribed and divided into 11 series. Here, we propose a lineage‐based classification for the genus, including the description of two new series (ser. Cristatae, ser. Rinoreifoliae) and a new subseries in ser. Turnera (subser. Macronectariae). A list of 130 species (and 42 infraspecific taxa) currently accepted and a key to the series and subseries of Turnera are provided.
Critically assessing the factors contributing toward e‐logistics customer satisfaction by considering mediating role of information technology: A case study of Thailand food sector
Authors: Luhur Prianto Andi , Wongsurawat Kovit , Yama Arifeen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe study aimed to critically evaluate the factors contributing toward customer satisfaction in e‐logistics . The mediating role of information technology (IT) was analyzed considering the case of Thailand's food sector. The research was quantitative and the primary data were accumulated on the basis of the survey questionnaire as a research instrument. The sample comprised of 488 participants belonging to the food industry of Thailand. The data were analyzed using SEM modeling on Smart PLS. It was found that effective payment methods, higher business safety, and faster order fulfillment affected customer satisfaction in the context of e‐logistics significantly. It was also found that IT mediated the relationship of effective payment methods, business safety, and faster order fulfillment with customer satisfaction partially, significantly, and positively. This research was limited to the geographical bounds of Thailand and its food sector only. Therefore, this research has certain future research directions.
Methods for spatial and temporal imaging of the different steps involved in RNA processing at single‐molecule resolution
Authors: Markey Fatu Badiane , Parashar Vijay , Batish Mona 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRNA plays a quintessential role as a messenger of information from genotype (DNA) to phenotype (proteins), as well as acts as a regulatory molecule (noncoding RNAs). All steps in the journey of RNA from synthesis (transcription), splicing, transport, localization, translation, to its eventual degradation, comprise important steps in gene expression, thereby controlling the fate of the cell. This lifecycle refers to the majority of RNAs (primarily mRNAs), but not other RNAs such as tRNAs. Imaging these processes in fixed cells and in live cells has been an important tool in developing an understanding of the regulatory steps in RNAs journey. Single‐cell and single‐molecule imaging techniques enable a much deeper understanding of cellular biology, which is not possible with bulk studies involving RNA isolated from a large pool of cells. Classic techniques, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), as well as more recent aptamer‐based approaches, have provided detailed insights into RNA localization, and have helped to predict the functions carried out by many RNA species. However, there are still certain processing steps that await high‐resolution imaging, which is an exciting and upcoming area of research. In this review, we will discuss the methods that have revolutionized single‐molecule resolution imaging in general, the steps of RNA processing in which these methods have been used, and new emerging technologies.This article is categorized under:
RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule‐RNA Interactions
Patterning the Drosophila embryo: A paradigm for RNA‐based developmental genetic regulation
Authors: Lasko Paul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEmbryonic anterior–posterior patterning is established in Drosophila melanogaster by maternally expressed genes. The mRNAs of several of these genes accumulate at either the anterior or posterior pole of the oocyte via a number of mechanisms. Many of these mRNAs are also under elaborate translational regulation. Asymmetric RNA localization coupled with spatially restricted translation ensures that their proteins are restricted to the position necessary for the developmental process that they drive. Bicoid (Bcd), the anterior determinant, and Oskar (Osk), the determinant for primordial germ cells and posterior patterning, have been studied particularly closely. In early embryos an anterior–posterior gradient of Bcd is established, activating transcription of different sets of zygotic genes depending on local Bcd concentration. At the posterior pole, Osk seeds formation of polar granules, ribonucleoprotein complexes that accumulate further mRNAs and proteins involved in posterior patterning and germ cell specification. After fertilization, polar granules associate with posterior nuclei and mature into nuclear germ granules. Osk accumulates in these granules, and either by itself or as part of the granules, stimulates germ cell division.This article is categorized under:
RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
Leadership, Spirituality, and the Legacy of Helen “Lena” Astin
Authors: Lindholm Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhat will be your legacy? is a “big” question that challenges us to consider how we will engage our passions and talents to make a difference in the world. This chapter celebrates the legacy of Helen “Lena” Astin in the context of her contributions to how we think about and exercise leadership and to what we understand about spirituality, particularly the spiritual lives of undergraduate students.
IGF-1 and cardiometabolic diseases: a Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Larsson Susanna C. , Michaëlsson Karl , Burgess Stephen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Abnormal serum IGF-1 levels are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, the causal role of IGF-1 levels within the normal range in cardiometabolic disease remains unclear. We employed Mendelian randomisation to explore the associations between genetically predicted serum IGF-1 levels and cardiometabolic diseases.

Methods
Serum IGF-1 levels were predicted using 416 SNPs associated with IGF-1 levels among 358,072 individuals in UK Biobank. Genetic association estimates for the outcomes were obtained from consortia of type 2 diabetes (74,124 cases, 824,006 controls), coronary artery disease (60,801 cases, 123,504 controls), heart failure (47,309 cases, 930,014 controls), atrial fibrillation (65,446 cases, 522,744 controls), and ischaemic stroke (60,341 cases, 454,450 controls).

Results
Genetic predisposition to elevated serum IGF-1 levels was associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. The OR (95% CI) per SD increment in IGF-1 level was 1.14 (1.05, 1.24) for type 2 diabetes and 1.09 (1.02, 1.16) for coronary artery disease. The association between IGF-1 and coronary artery disease was attenuated after adjustment for type 2 diabetes (OR 1.06 [95% CI 1.00, 1.13]), suggesting that the association may be partly mediated via type 2 diabetes. There was limited evidence of associations between IGF-1 levels and heart failure, atrial fibrillation and ischaemic stroke.

Conclusions/interpretation
This study found evidence that increased IGF-1 levels may be causally associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes.
A DFT study on the molecular mechanism of the conjugated nitroalkenes polymerization process initiated by selected unsaturated nucleophiles
Authors: Kącka-Zych Agnieszka , Jasiński Radomir 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe participation of the nitroethene and its α-substituted analogs as model nitrofunctionalized monomers, and (Z)-C,N-diphenylnitrone and methyl vinyl ether as initiators in the polymerization reactions, has been analyzed in the framework of the density functional theory calculations at the M06-2X(PCM)/6-311 + G(d) level. Our computational study suggests the zwitterionic mechanism of the polymerization process. The exploration of the nature of critical structures shows that the first reaction stage exhibits evidently polar nature, whereas additions of further nitroalkene molecules to the polynitroalkyl molecular system formed should be considered as moderate polar processes. The more detailed view on the molecular transformations gives analysis based on the bonding evolution theory. This study shows that the case of polymerization reaction between nitroethene and (Z)-C,N-diphenylnitrone allows for distinguishing eleven topologically different phases, while, in the case of polymerization reaction nitroethene and methyl vinyl ether, we can distinguish nine different phases.