bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular phylogeny of mulberries reconstructed from ITS and two cpDNA sequences
Authors: Xuan Yahui , Wu Yue , Li Peng , Liu Ruiling , Luo Yiwei , Yuan Jianglian , Xiang Zhonghuai , He Ningjia 
Published: December 2019

Background
Species in the genus Morus (Moraceae) are deciduous woody plants of great economic importance. The classification and phylogenetic relationships of Morus, especially the abundant mulberry resources in China, is still undetermined. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions are among the most widely used molecular markers in phylogenetic analyses of angiosperms. However, according to the previous phylogenetic analyses of ITS sequences, most of the mulberry accessions collected in China were grouped into the largest clade lacking for phylogenetic resolution. Compared with functional ITS sequences, ITS pseudogenes show higher sequence diversity, so they can provide useful phylogenetic information.

Methods
We sequenced the ITS regions and the chloroplast DNA regions TrnL-TrnF and TrnT-TrnL from 33 mulberry accessions, and performed phylogenetic analyses to explore the evolution of mulberry.

Results
We found ITS pseudogenes in 11 mulberry accessions. In the phylogenetic tree constructed from ITS sequences, clade B was separated into short-type sequence clades (clades 1 and 2), and a long-type sequence clade (clade 3). Pseudogene sequences were separately clustered into two pseudogroups, designated as pseudogroup 1 and pseudogroup 2. The phylogenetic tree generated from cpDNA sequences also separated clade B into two clades.

Conclusions
Two species were separated in clade B. The existence of three connection patterns and incongruent distribution patterns between the phylogenetic trees generated from cpDNA and ITS sequences suggested that the ITS pseudogene sequences connect with genetic information from the female progenitor. Hybridization has played important roles in the evolution of mulberry, resulting in low resolution of the phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences. An evolutionary pattern illustrating the evolution history of mulberry is proposed. These findings have significance for the conservation of local mulberry resources. Polyploidy, hybridization, and concerted evolution have all played the roles in the evolution of ITS sequences in mulberry. This study will expand our understanding of mulberry evolution.
Politecnia e instrução profissional na Rússia revolucionária: o debate pedagógico de Pistrak e Shulgin
Authors: Nobre Iziane Silvestre 
Published: December 2019

<p>Discorre-se sobre a educação politécnica, tratando das concepções de Pistrak e Shulgin, nas formulações sobre a politecnia e instrução profissional na Rússia revolucionária, percebendo que, quando se trata dos limites da educação soviética, um dos problemas esteve relacionado às questões socioeconômicas e a educação técnica dissociada da formação da consciência revolucionária.</p><p> </p>
A produção acadêmica sobre práticas de leitura na escola: análise de teses e dissertações
Authors: De Santana Luciene De Cassia 
Published: December 2019

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta as reflexões e possíveis diálogos acerca das teses e dissertações defendidas entre os anos de 2009 a 2012 em instituições públicas e privadas de ensino superior no Brasil no que tange às práticas de leitura e letramento na escola pública. O trabalho tem como referencial teórico autores como Bakhtin (2000), Solé (1998), Possenti (1996), Kleiman (1993), Orlandi (1988). Como procedimento metodológico utilizou-se: levantamento de teses e dissertações, categorização e análise crítica dos trabalhos. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir da consulta no banco de dados da CAPES (bancodeteses.capes.gov.br/), cujas palavras-chave se concentraram em práticas sociais de leitura, leitura na escola, leitura e letramento na escola. Obteve-se, inicialmente, um banco de dados de 203 trabalhos, cujo recorte focalizou as práticas de leitura para os Anos Finais do Ensino Fundamental II, e por fim, resultando em 34 teses e dissertações. A análise dos trabalhos apontou que o ensino da leitura não se restringe ao conhecimento epistemológico, às estratégias de leitura, mas se entrelaça com a cultura local dos alunos, com práticas de letramento valorizadas e desvalorizadas no contexto educacional, com a formação do professor, com os materiais didáticos e, sobretudo com a concepção do que significa ensinar a ler, a formar leitores frente às grandes transformais culturais e sociais ocorridas na sociedade contemporânea nas últimas décadas.
Palavras-chave: Práticas Sociais. Letramento. Leitura.
Integrating a Postpartum Contraception Intervention in the Maternal and Child Health Care System of China
Authors: Yin AnXin , Zhou XiaoYan , Qian Xu , Zhang Lei , Wang XiuRui , Yang HuiBin , Song YuHan , Jin LongMei , Li Mu , Jiang Hong 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceThe interpregnancy intervals are suboptimal worldwide, and women lack access to high-quality postpartum contraceptive services in China.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of integrating postpartum contraceptive interventions into the existing maternal and child health care (MCH) system.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cluster randomized trial randomly allocated 13 communities in Minhang District in Shanghai, China, to the intervention or the control group. Data were collected between September 2020 and February 2023. Eligible participants included women who registered their pregnancy in community health centers and were followed up to 1 year post partum. Data analysis was conducted from April 2023 to May 2024.InterventionsParticipants in the intervention group received postpartum contraception consultations, online educational videos, a 45-minute class, health prescriptions, and educational pamphlets at 5 stages in alignment with the MCH system of China. The control group received routine MCH services.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was incidence of unintended pregnancy within 1 year after childbirth. The secondary outcomes included knowledge level of postpartum contraception, utilization rate of reliable long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), and incidence of induced abortion.ResultsA total of 1279 participants (698 in intervention from 7 clusters and 581 in control from 6 clusters) were recruited, and 995 (521 older than 30 years [40.7%]; 539 intervention [54.2%] and 456 control [45.8%]) completed the trial. The incidence of unintended pregnancy, LARC utilization, and induced abortion within 1 year after childbirth was 1.5% (8 participants), 3.2% (17 participants), and 0.6% (3 participants), respectively, in the intervention group, and 3.9% (18 participants), 1.1% (5 participants), and 2.0% (9 participants), respectively, in the control group. Participants in the intervention group were significantly less likely to experience unintended pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.33; 95% CI, 0.16-0.70), had a higher rate of LARC utilization (aOR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.02-5.98), and a lower rate of induced abortion due to unintended pregnancy (aOR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.09-0.99). The postpartum contraception knowledge level in the intervention group was substantially higher than the control group (β = 24.20; 95% CI, 20.92-27.47).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cluster randomized clinical trial demonstrated the designed postpartum contraceptive interventions were effective in reducing unintended pregnancy and induced abortion and increasing postpartum contraception knowledge and LARC utilization among women at 1-year post partum.Trial RegistrationChictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2000034603
Gunn or Transferred‐Electron Devices and Circuits
Authors: Eisele Heribert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Transferred‐electron devices are the only microwave devices whose operation is based solely on the bulk‐material properties of semiconductors such as GaAs or InP. These devices are employed mainly in low‐noise medium‐power oscillators up to high millimeter‐wave frequencies. James B. Gunn was the first scientist to observe the underlying physical phenomenon in an experiment and, therefore, these devices are often referred to as
Gunn devices
. This chapter describes the principles of operation, basic fabrication technologies, and common oscillator circuits for them. Different device structures for performance optimization and optimization procedures and simulation tools are discussed. The chapter also summarizes the current state of the art of TEDs, and the outlook covers the prospects of more recent device structures and material systems.
3‐D Printed Waveguide Components
Authors: Yu Yang , Guo Cheng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Three‐dimensional (3‐D) printing technology has become a promising manufacturing method to fabricate microwave components in recent years. This article focuses on waveguide components fabricated using 3‐D printing technology. The development of passive waveguide devices based on different 3‐D printing technologies is introduced and compared. Depending on the material and fabrication techniques, two fabrication modes are normally adopted for waveguide components. Featured waveguide components based on these two modes are illustrated with examples. Then, state‐of‐the‐art waveguide filters based on spherical resonators (including single‐mode and dual‐mode cavity resonators) are introduced. These filters are suitable for 3‐D printing fabrication techniques, demonstrating superior performance over filters based on conventional waveguide filters.
Lifelong Safe Optimal Adaptive Tracking Control of Nonlinear Strict‐Feedback Discrete‐Time Systems
Authors: Farzanegan Behzad , Jagannathan S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a comprehensive approach for achieving multi‐task safe optimal adaptive tracking (MSOAT) for a class of nonlinear discrete‐time systems, particularly those in strict‐feedback form, utilizing a multi‐layer neural network (MNN)‐based framework. To begin, a cost function with a novel Barrier function (BF) term is introduced for each subsystem to address the weak safely reachable problem, serving as a crucial tool for guiding the system's trajectory toward the safe set while avoiding unwanted sets. To deal with the tracking problem, the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman (HJB) framework is used through the actor‐critic MNN‐based backstepping technique to estimate the solution of the value functions and obtain both virtual and actual optimal control policies for each subsystem, effectively circumventing non‐causality issues. Further, to mitigate catastrophic forgetting in multi‐tasking scenarios, a regularizer term, which is derived from the online version of the Elastic Weight Consolidation (EWC) method, is included in the critic and actor MNN update laws without directly computing the Fisher information matrix. To enhance the convergence rate, the critic MNN is tuned with a hybrid learning technique involving weight adjustments both at specific sampling instants and iteratively within those intervals. A control barrier function (CBF) with a time‐varying BF is also integrated into the actor update law, collaborating with the BF to keep the trajectory in the safe set with a smaller trade‐off factor, simultaneously validating the safety condition in real‐time. Finally, the overall stability is established. An example of a 6‐DOF autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is used to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Ultrafast Probabilistic Neuron in an Artificial Spin Ice for Robust Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Liang Zhongyu , Bu Tong , Lyu Zijian , Liu Zhentao , Hrabec Aleš , Wang Leran , Dou Yankun , Ding Jianhao , Ge Peipei , Yang Wenyun , Huang Tiejun , Yang Jinbo , Heyderman Laura J. , Liu Yunquan , Yu Zhaofei , Luo Zhaochu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDeep neural networks (DNNs) have proved to be remarkably successful in various domains, in particular for implementing complex functions and performing sophisticated tasks. However, their vulnerability to adversarial noise undermines their reliability for safety‐critical tasks. Despite attempts to improve the robustness using algorithmic approaches, an effective hardware implementation is still lacking. Here an artificial probabilistic neuron device is proposed based on arrays of coupled nanomagnets, referred to as artificial spin ices, which return a nonlinear function with built‐in stochasticity in response to an ultrafast laser‐induced excitation. By exploiting solid‐state ionic gating, the magnetic coupling is electrically modulated, as a result of the magnetic anisotropy‐mediated competition of the symmetric exchange interaction and Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya interaction, and hence the stochastic property of the neuron device at runtime can be tuned. Stochastic DNNs are then constructed with an output layer comprising several probabilistic neuron devices. Compared to conventional DNNs, the stochastic DNNs exhibit an order of magnitude greater resistance to adversarial noise, providing a significant improvement in robustness. This approach opens the way to more secure and reliable DNNs, enabling broader uses in real‐world applications.
Surface Reconstruction Induced by Preconditioning in Different Electrolytes Impacts Electrooxidation of Solketal on Multi‐Metal‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Jian , Kumari Bhawana , Quast Thomas , Cychy Steffen , Sanjuán Ignacio , Muhler Martin , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Andronescu Corina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe electrocatalytic oxidation of solketal (SOR) as the anodic reaction can be used to enhance hydrogen production efficiency due to its lower overpotential compared to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Additionally, solketal oxidation yields besides formate also high‐value C3 products, providing an advantage over the typical alternative reaction for OER, glycerol oxidation. The multi‐metal CoNiFeCu (1:1:1:0.5) catalyst is employed as electrocatalyst for SOR and different activation procedures are explored. The pre‐conditioning of the catalyst in the presence of solketal supports a current density of 10 mA cm−2 to be recorded at only 1.405 ± 1 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE) during SOR, while promoting glyceric acid synthesis with 40% faradaic efficiency. Operando attenuated total reflection Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) confirms that the activation of the catalyst contributes to an increased formation of products. However, most importantly, through utilizing the single‐particle‐on‐the‐nanoelectrode with identical‐location transmission electron microscope (IL‐TEM), it is unveiled that solketal suppresses Cu leaching and oxyhydroxide formation. Moreover, the structural transformations are correlated with the increased activity toward SOR.
Hierarchically Engineered Triple‐Defensive Antifouling Coating with Well‐Regulated Structure for Enhanced Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Yang Wenshuai , Yang Dan , Zhao Ziqian , Huang Charley , Yan Bin , Liu Yun , Zhang Ling , Gong Lu , Zeng Hongbo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntergrading traditional hydrophilic coating with tailored functionalities is critical to enhance its antifouling capabilities. However, designing robust functional antifouling coatings with well‐regulated structures to boost its antifouling performance remains a significant challenge. By mimicking the unique structure of shark skin with super‐hydrophilic “denticle layer” and low‐surface‐energy “mucus layer”, for the first time, a facile strategy is presented to hierarchically engineer a triple‐defensive antifouling coating, which consists of a hydrophilic mineralized catalytic nanoparticle (NP) layer, overlaid with hydrophobic perfluoro‐silane domains (F@NPs), synergistically optimizing its fouling resistance, fouling release, and fouling degradation properties. Force measurements and dynamic simulations demonstrate that molecular‐scale incorporation of perfluoroalkyl chains on coating surface significantly reduces foulant adhesion while preserving hydrophilicity, thereby effectively preventing over 98% of oil contamination, protein adsorption, and bio‐fluid fouling. Its antifouling properties are further enhanced by the unique catalytic self‐cleaning ability, enabling rapid degradation of adsorbed organic compounds and bacteria contact killing. Moreover, F@NPs‐coated membrane achieves a water flux over 4200 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 with flux recovery ratio exceeding 95% for separation of oil‐in‐water emulsions containing bio‐foulants. This study presents an innovative strategy for fabricating robust functional coating with superior antifouling performance for environmental engineering applications.
Alloy‐Boosted Potassiophilic Membrane Interphase for Ultrastable K Metal Anodes
Authors: Chen Xiaopeng , Zhang Mingxiang , Jia Li , Yi Yuyang , Su Yiwen , Lian Xueyu , Lu Miaoyu , Zou Yuhan , Chen Ziang , Wang Yuyuan , Gu Jiaxi , Zhao Wen , Yang Xianzhong , Sun Jingyu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe advancement of K metal anodes has long been hindered by challenges including dendrite proliferation and volume expansion amid electrochemical cycles. Generic interlayer design for extended anodes and its K uptake/release mechanism remain unexplored to date. Herein, a generic alloy‐boosted strategy is reported to devise a ZnX‐loaded (X = S, Se or Te) porous carbon nanofiber (PCNF) membrane as an efficient 3D interphase layer for K metal anodes. Theoretical computations and experimental investigations suggest that representative ZnTe acts as an alloying site, thereby reducing the nucleation energy barrier and optimizing the deposition pattern of K. Such a maneuver enables dendrite‐free plating of K metal within the interface layer, which facilitates the construction of an extended K anode. As a result, the symmetric cell modified with ZnTe@PCNF demonstrates a lifespan of over 3100 h. When coupled with a cathode, the full cell delivers a capacity retention of 94% after 500 cycles at 1.0 A g⁻¹, showing its potential for the development of practically viable K metal batteries.
AI‐Enabled Inverse Design and Molecular Identification Using Phase Change Metamaterial Absorber
Authors: S Ram Prakash , Jain Aastha , kumar Rajesh , Mitra Anirban 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTailoring metamaterial design for desired absorption in the mid‐infrared region is pivotal for molecular sensing and identification. Surface‐enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy with metamaterials promises accurate molecular fingerprint detection. However, challenges arise due to narrow resonant wavelengths and the extensive design space of the metamaterial, thus hindering its application in accurate molecular detection. This work introduces an integrated AI workflow for designing electrically tunable metamaterial absorbers using phase‐change materials for broadband molecular fingerprint retrieval and identification. A free‐form inverse design method based on a neural‐adjoint optimization technique is utilized to predict phase‐change metamaterial absorber (PCMA) designs for desired mid‐infrared absorption spectra. Using the trained inverse neural network model coupled with a genetic algorithm, nanostructure designs spanning the spectral range from 800 cm−1 to 2000 cm−1 are predicted. The phase change is achieved by integrating the designed PCMA with an energy‐efficient microheater, allowing resonant absorption peaks to be tuned via voltage pulses. The neural network‐predicted PCMA successfully detected molecular vibration fingerprints of four molecules and their mixtures. A machine learning model based on a support vector machine developed for molecular identification shows 100% identification accuracy. This AI‐driven approach for PCMA design and molecular identification via SEIRA marks a significant advancement in accurate molecular detection.
Observation of Mobility Above 2000 cm2/V s in 2DEG at LaInO3/BaSnO3 Interface by Electric‐Double‐Layer Gating
Authors: Lee Jaehyeok , Cho Hyeongmin , Park Jisung , Kim Bongju , Schlom Darrell G. , Char Kookrin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe LaInO3/BaSnO3 heterostructure has recently emerged as a promising platform for realizing 2D electron gas (2DEG) with unique transport properties, including excellent field‐effect at room temperature. However, there is a limit to improving its mobility due to intrinsic defects including the threading dislocations occurring during film growth. In spite of such high density defects at present, as an effort to increase the mobility of the 2DEG, the 2D carrier density to 1014 cm−2 by ionic‐liquid gating is increased and we found the resulting 2DEG mobility enhancement up to 2100 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 10 K, which is consistent with the fact that 2‐dimensionality offers more effective screening for defects. This findings offer insights into the properties of 2DEG formed with perovskite oxide semiconductor BaSnO3 as well as highlight its future potential for applications.
Deep Layer Pillaring Reinforced Electronic States and Structural Defects Toward High‐Performance Sodium Ion Battery
Authors: Osman Sahar , Hu Sanlue , Wei Yijie , Liu Junhao , Xiao Jun , Yao Wenjiao , Han Cuiping , Guo Xin , Liu Jun , Tang Yongbing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlthough layered vanadium oxides are extensively studied for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), their broader application is hindered by the instability of their bulk‐phase structure, sluggish electron/ion‐transfer kinetics, and insufficient active sites. Herein, a novel synergistic strategy is proposed to modulate the electronic structure of VO by incorporating Na+ cations into deep V─O layers (D‐NVOx), resulting in significant structural modifications such as enlarged lattice spacing, the generation of abundant oxygen vacancies, and disordering of the V─O layers. Comprehensive analytical characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that this synergy induces reversible Na+ pseudocapacitive intercalation and reconstructs low‐energy barrier channels, thereby accelerating Na‐ion diffusion kinetics. Moreover, the oxygen vacancies dramatically boost electronic conductivity and reinforce structural stability. The reduced crystallinity and lattice distortion result in dense nanointerfaces, potentially widening diffusion channels and providing additional active sites for fast surface Na‐ion storage. Owing to these merits, the D‐NVOx electrode achieves a high specific capacity (505 mAh g‒1 at 0.05 A g‒1), outstanding cyclic stability (96% capacity retention over 2000 cycles at 2.0 A g‒1), and superior rate performance (280 mAh g‒1 at 5.0 A g‒1). This work provides in‐depth insights into enhancing electrochemical energy storage in SIBs by modulating electronic structure and structural defects.
Deficiency of DEK proto‐oncogene alleviates allergic rhinitis by inhibiting RhoA/Ezrin‐mediated mitochondrial fission
Authors: Dai Longzhu , Jin Yongde , Chai Jingmei , Yang Jianing , Wang Jiangang , Chen Mu , Li Liangchang , Wang Chongyang , Yan Guanghai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) is a kind of immune disease mediated by IgE. We are intrigued by the potential role of DEK proto‐oncogene (DEK) in inflammation‐related diseases. We investigated the effects and mechanisms of DEK in treating AR, aiming to identify potential new treatment targets for AR.MethodsThe AR mouse model was induced by house dust mite (HDM) (1 mg/mL). HNEpCs stimulated by HDM (1 mg/mL) were pretreated for 24 h with or without DEK lentivirus. The effect of DEK knockout or knockdown on AR was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using western blotting, ELISA, flow cytometry, real‐time quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, HE staining, PAS staining, Diff staining, and immunofluorescence.ResultsAfter DEK knockdown, the inflammatory response of AR mice was reduced. In addition, DEK deletion mitigated nasal tissue damage and mitochondrial division. Our further studies showed that DEK deletion or inhibition led to the down‐regulation of RhoA activity and decreased phosphorylation of Ezrin and Drp1 proteins, and inhibited mitochondrial division. Overall, DEK deficiency mitigated AR by down‐regulating RhoA/Ezrin/Drp1 pathway activity.ConclusionDEK alleviates AR through RhoA/Ezrin/Drp1 signaling pathway, which provides a new perspective for developing improved therapies and understanding the pathogenesis of AR.