bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of contaminated areas: Environmental Health Surveillance actions in Diadema/SP Brazil
Authors: Garbin A , Corrallo F , Jesus J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Contaminated areas are a challenge for public health, since the most diverse chemicals can interfere with human health, making it necessary to adopt health promotion measures, prevention and control of diseases and diseases. That way this work aims to disseminate the actions carried out by the Environmental Health Surveillance of the city of Diadema to monitor the contaminated areas, aiming at reducing the risk to the population's health.
For this purpose, it was carried out the characterization of the environment of the contaminated areas using Mapinfo software and tools free of georeferencing, recording of information from research in information and dissemination systems for institutions, services and municipal authorities. As a result, it can be highlighted that 100% of the areas were characterized with definitive radius of surroundings based on the affected environmental compartment; 88,63% were registered in the Health Surveillance Information System for Populations exposed to contaminated soil (SISSOLO). In 27.3% of the areas deep wells were found and out of these, 83.30% they made the buffering/deactivation and 16.7% use the water for industrial purposes. Of the identified wells around 54,5% were buffered/deactivated and 18,2% are under monitoring.
It is concluded that it is essential to continuously monitor the territory through different strategies, seeking technical support, invest in intra- and intersectoral articulation and define work processes in order to detect changes in the determinants and constraints of the environment that interfere with human health and thus be able to act in the best possible way. Additionally, it was found that mapping prior to field work is essential to qualify the information and that including the investigation of the water compartment is important to identify and interrupt exposure routes so present in daily life.

Key messages
It is concluded that it is essential to continuously monitor the territory through different strategies, seeking technical support, invest in intra- and intersectoral articulation. It was found that mapping prior to field work is essential to qualify the information and that including the investigation of the water compartment is important to interrupt exposure routes.
How to facilitate long-term citizen participatory processes as part of local public health work
Authors: Lorentzen C , Stang I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Letting the citizens` voices being heard is regarded crucial for successful local public health work. A national project aimed at developing health promoting neighbourhoods through citizen participatory processes was implemented in 42 municipalities in Norway between 2016 and 2018. This study aims to explore the variety of conditions facilitating broad and long-term citizen participation in this project.

Methods
Data were collected by open-ended questionnaires completed by project workers and participating citizens in the eight municipalities involved in this particular study. Data were analysed by qualitative content analysis.

Results
The results revealed that broad citizen participation presupposed the use of many different approaches that were adapted to different subgroups of the population. Personal invitations to join participatory processes in smaller groups in familiar settings, and seeking out citizens in their own arenas, appeared to be particularly useful recruiting approaches to reach those who usually are under-represented in traditional participatory processes. Long-term commitment to citizen participation processes seems to be facilitated by pre-process clarification of the frames, early post-process information about the results and anticipated future use of the results, and quick implementation of some efforts based on these results.

Conclusions
Broad and long-term commitment to citizen participatory processes as part of local public health work seems to presuppose a flexibility regarding different types of participatory and recruitment approaches and clear communication to the citizens on relevant issues at each particular stage of the processes.

Key messages
Broad and long-term commitment to citizen participatory processes requires flexibility regarding participatory and recruitment approaches. Broad and long-term commitment to citizen participatory processes requires clear communication to citizens pre- and post-process.
Brief assessment of (in)direct questions on domestic/partner violence in the Belgian HIS 2013-2018
Authors: Drieskens S , Demarest S , De Ridder K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Domestic and partner violence have considerable physical and mental consequences for the victims. The Belgian Health Interview Survey (HIS) 2013 previously evaluated a combination of two (indirect) related questions as an appropriate tool to assess domestic and partner violence in the general population. A more direct approach in the HIS 2018 will be compared with the HIS 2013 deduction method.

Methods
The HIS is a cross-sectional survey in a representative population sample. The more sensitive subjects like domestic and partner violence are part of the self-administered questionnaire. In 2013 the indicator related to domestic violence was derived from the question whether the perpetrators was a member of the household; for the indicator on partner violence also the household composition was taken into account. For the HIS 2018, the question has been adapted. It was specifically asked who the perpetrator was (i.e. unknown, colleague, acquaintance, friend, (ex-)partner, parents, children) from where easily these two indicators could be defined. Proportions are compared.

Results
In 2018, 1.0% of the population aged 15+ indicated being victim of domestic violence in the past 12 months, which is in line with the proportion found in 2013 (1.1%). However, for partner violence there is a difference in the proportions. In 2018, 0.6% of the population 18-74 years indicated being victim of partner violence in the past 12 months, which is only half of the proportion found in 2013 (1.3%).

Conclusions
For assessing domestic violence, defining perpetrators as members of the household or detailed questioning about the relationship towards the perpetrator produce similar results. For distinguishing partner violence, the estimations benefit from directly defining the relationship towards the perpetrator.

Key messages
Even when investigating sensitive topics, straightforward questions produce more accurate results. The problem of domestic violence and partner violence remains underreported and so it needs to be explored more.
Educational program for multipliers to promote health literacy
Authors: Tuttner S , Movia M , Hofer-Fischanger K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The HL-Survey-EU-2011 showed limited health literacy (HL) among the Austrian population (51,6%). “On health course - health literacy in Feldbach” focuses on individual and organizational HL. As a part of the project, an education program for multipliers from 11 companies to promote health literacy of employees and customers took place in autumn 2019. Basic knowledge on 'finding, understanding, evaluating and applying of health information' and 'health communication' represented the basic structure of the training and supported the participants in the implementation.
The training for the multipliers (n = 12) was divided into 3 focus areas, each was structured in 2 modules. Individual health literacy, organizational health literacy and special approaches to promoting health literacy were important components of the program. In this context, the quality criteria of health information were content of the training. Subsequently, there were inputs concerning health communication. In order to be able to evaluate health information critically, the multipliers learned how they recognize good and reputable health information and where they can find it. The participants studied how they could prepare and provide good health information for their employees and customers. The participants implemented projects to increase health literacy in their companies.
The evaluation showed that the structure and content of the education program was appropriate. The attendees were able to put what they had learned into practice. The difficulty lay in conveying numerous contents in a very short time (3 days/8 ours). The different industries and company sizes of the participating companies and the resulting different needs also presented a major challenge during the training.
With the content of the training and the experience of project implementation, a massive open online course (MOOC) is being created, which will be offered to all companies and interested parties in autumn 2020.

Key messages
It is important to train multipliers in order to increase the organization-related health literacy. The provision of practical examples for the implementation of measures to promote HL is crucial for the success of an HL education program.
Understanding international variation in national low-risk drinking guidelines: health policy report
Authors: Kirkby V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The harmful use of alcohol is associated with adverse health, social, and economic consequences. National low-risk drinking guidelines provide evidence-based advice on how to reduce the risks associated with alcohol consumption and provide a basis for other alcohol-control interventions. There is substantial variation between guidelines and no international consensus on what constitutes 'low-risk' drinking. These discrepancies may lead to misinterpretation of the guidance, and such variation may undermine public confidence in experts and be exploited by the alcohol industry.

Methods
This project had two main components: (i) a literature review, to identify any new evidence from January 2016 to August 2019 suggesting a recommended threshold for 'low-risk' drinking; (ii) the analysis of six examples of national guidelines. Those from the UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and USA were examined for information about the utilisation of evidence to inform guidance, as well as details of the guideline development process. Thematic analysis of the UK, Canadian and Australian guidance explored wider influences on the guidelines.

Results
The literature review highlighted that all alcohol consumption carries some degree of risk. Content analysis of the guidelines emphasised the substantial variation in national guidance. Differences in the use of evidence and guideline development process may have given rise to at least some of the observed variation. Thematic analysis suggested that wider influences, such as differences in societal values, may also have contributed to disparities in the guidelines.

Conclusions
It may be possible to standardise certain areas of the development process, such as agreeing what constitutes an 'acceptable' level of alcohol-attributable risk. Further research is required to verify whether these results are generalisable to other countries, and to determine the most appropriate statistical model for risk calculations.

Key messages
The factors which determine guideline development are manifold and complex. Any level of alcohol consumption carries some degree of risk.
Analysis of mercury concentration in former mine areas in Slovakia
Authors: Kimáková T , Poráčová J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Mercury is ubiquitous in the biosphere, occurring in the air, water, land, and soil, as well as in the living organisms. Mercury release in the environment is mainly the result of human activity, particularly from coal-fired power stations, waste incinerators and as a result of mining for mercury and other metals, which have led to wide spread global mercury pollution. The excessive exposure to mercury is a public health concern since it is associated with a wide range of adverse health effects including damage to the central nervous system and the kidneys. Mercury poses a threat to the development of the child in utero and early in life. We answer the question whether the monitoring of mercury is important even though the ore processing factories ended their production.

Methods
A total of 5,579 samples of foodstuffs from food retails in Slovakia and 24 species of plants within 100 meters to the former ore processing factory in Eastern Slovakia have been collected over the last two decades. The samples were selected randomly and the material was homogenized. Atomic absorption spectrometry standard solutions for mercury were used at a wavelength of 254 nm.

Results
The maximum mercury level set by the European Commission Regulation was exceeded in 314 samples. 50.52% of the total 384 fish samples from food retails in Slovakia were above the limit. The concentrations of mercury in the plants and in the soils taken to a depth of 0.25 m exceeded the maximum levels more than 6-times and 50-times, respectively.

Conclusions
The acceptance of mercurýs environmental impacts require several decades of research and public health activities. The monitoring of mercury worldwide is important, since we found that the end of ore processing does not solve the issue of contamination. We recommend developing procedures and legislation for the consumption of selected foods from the areas of ore processing companies for children, adolescents, pregnant women and nursing mothers.

Key messages
The systematic monitoring of mercury is still very important, since we found that the end of ore processing does not solve the issue of contamination in the former ore processing areas. It is not recommend the consumption of selected foods and plants from the former ore processing areas for selected groups of the population – children, pregnant women and nursing mothers.
Alcohol policy in the Netherlands in a National Prevention Agreement: results of three studies
Authors: Van De Mheen D , Bovens R , Friele R , Van De Goor I , Kools N , Roodbeen R , Schelleman-Offermans K , Rozema A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
On 23 November 2018 in the Netherlands more than 70 organizations signed the National Prevention Agreement. This document had been set up by the Dutch government aiming to create a healthy generation in 2040. It focuses on alcohol, next to overweight and tobacco control. Participants are a.o. NGO's, the sports sector, insurance companies, municipalities but also the alcohol industry and retailers.

Methods
Three studies were performed aiming to map how alcohol use might be reduced. 30 days without alcohol: the IkPas (No Thanks) campaignAlcohol screening and interventions for patients in General HospitalsPrioritizing alcohol enforcement and prevention efforts by combining prevalence and success-rate for minors purchasing alcohol.
Respectively a quantitative survey among adult alcohol users (n = 15.947), qualitative interviews among health professionals (n = 21), a quantitative survey among youngsters (n = 510) and purchase attempts (n = 1.373) of alcohol by mystery shoppers were performed.

Results
Beside on youth, in the Prevention Agreement priority has been laid on elderly, pregnant women, members and visitors of sports clubs and students. Also important are measures in primary and secondary health care and health policy in industrial companies. Measures are proposed in the field of the 'three best buys' (higher prices, lesser advertisement and restrictions in availability). The three studies showed that participants of the IkPas campaign feel fitter, sleep better, lose weight and drink less after 6 months follow-up. Furthermore, implementation of alcohol screening and interventions for patients in Dutch hospitals is still in its infancy. Lastly, bars/cafes/discos should be given priority for enforcement and prevention.

Conclusions
The question that will be discussed is whether the Netherlands by this agreement really do make a step forward in developing a healthy alcohol policy. Will the ambitious goals formulated in the agreement be reached in 2040?

Key messages
Alcohol policy measures are needed to reach a healthy population in 2040. Campaigns, screening and brief interventions, and alcohol enforcement are promising.
Carnival in Brazil as production of health care: narratives from a samba school community
Authors: Cordeiro M , Santos D , Magalhães F , Martins G , Barbosa J , Riquieri M , Silva M , Andrade M , Ferreira B , Lima R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Carnival is a popular festival that was introduced in Brazil from the European heritage. However, it was the enslaved African people who saw forms and processes of resistance for the construction of identity during this festive period. The reframing and resistance that blacks establish with carnival is the result of a cultural need to stay alive both as a subject and as a collective. This is how samba schools emerge in the urban peripheries of Rio de Janeiro as a form of artistic, cultural and leisure production. Associations acquire for themselves the role of the State in providing access to rights that many are denied, neglected or scrapped. In these schools, it is possible to observe a relationship of belonging and donation (”principle of gift”) on the part of their so-called community, they are passions and meanings that produce relationships of self-care reaffirmation of intersubjectivity.

Objective
This work aims to identify the carnival as a space for the production of projects, resistances and protagonisms and to analyze the meanings of the subjective processes of health, disease, care and carnival, through the narratives of a samba school community.

Methodology
This is an exploratory analysis of a qualitative approach in public health. A samba school was chosen from the special group of the capixaba carnival, which is located in a peripheral region. We will use it to define snowball technical sampling. The data will be collected through semi-structured interviews and on-site observations by the researcher. The data analysis methodology used will be discourse analysis.

Expected Results
It is expected to understand the different practices and processes of health, disease, care and carnival, among a peripheral community that is part of a samba school.

Key messages
This work aims to analyze health care about a cultural aspect of marginalized populations and how health policies are related to carnival. Impact on the production of knowledge about popular culture and health.
48 hours public response to Corona epidemic status in Indonesia. Perceived risk and panic buying
Authors: Herman B , Herya Ulfah N , Fauzi R , Pongpanich S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo has announced two confirmed CoVid-19 cases who live in Depok, West Java, on Monday, March 2nd, 2020. A rapid assessment of public response toward the new status was conducted, focusing on perceived risk and panic buying.

Methodology
A cross-sectional survey was conducted within 48 hours after the announcement through an online questionnaire. A demographic data including, sex, age, education, occupation (medical vs nonmedical), income, health insurance, island domicile (Java vs non-Java), mobility, history of contact with a foreigner, and history of overseas travel within a month. Knowledge regarding Covid 19 was determined by the average score of 38 5-Likert scale questions (5 indicates better knowledge). Perceived risk was measured with a 10-scale question, and panic buying was assessed through an average score of 6 5-Likert scale questions (5 indicates panic buying). Mann-Whitney and Linear regression were performed to identify the associated factors.

Results
As a total of 214 respondents, panic buying was lower (2.28 ± 0.79 on a 5-scale) except for perceived risk (5.91 ± 2.13 on a 10-scale). No difference between medical and nonmedical staff in panic buying (p = 0.619) and perceived risk (p = 0.477) and the domicile of respondents (Java VS nonjava) in panic buying (p = 0.810) and perceived risk (p = 0.101). Younger age, working in a medical field and living in Java are associated with higher perceived risk in the linear model whereas panic buying is solely affected by knowledge (β -1.459. p &lt; 0.001). The respondents agreed that scarcity of single-use components (mean 4.32 out of 5) such as masker and goods inflation particularly groceries (mean 4.31 out of 5) will appear soon

Conclusions
It is important to disseminate the correct information to the public to reduce panic buying. Collaborative action between the government and medical staff should be done particularly in Java as the first locus of CoVid 19 in Indonesia.

Key messages
Knowledge regarding corona virus affects the Panic Buying. An intervention to disseminate the correct information should be done. To reduce the perceived risk, a rigorous action should be done in Java and a collaborative work between the government and medical staffs should be established.
Housing spaces in Europe: a comparative analysis of standards in nine European Countries
Authors: Raffo M , Appolloni L , D'Alessandro D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
In recent years, Public Health devoted a growing interest to housing conditions. In particular, housing dimensions and functional characteristics are relevant, mainly considering population ageing and disability. Aim of the study is to compare housing standards of some European countries to analyse their ability to satisfy new population needs.

Methodology
The dwellings dimensional standards of 9 European countries (Sweden, UK, Denmark, The Netherlands, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain and Italy) are compared. From the websites of the official channels of the various countries the regulations have been downloaded. The standards have been compared.

Results
A wide variability in the dimensions of room among the standards is observed (e.g. single room: from 9 sqm in Italy, to 7 sqm in France, to the absence of any limit in UK, Germany - Hesse and Denmark). Italian and French regulations define housing dimension considering the room use (eg. bed or living room) and the number of people. The Swedish regulation provides performance requirements and functional indications but does not specify the minimum dimensions of habitable rooms. The rooms' minimum height varies between the standards. In Italy and Portugal, the minimum height of the ceiling is intended to be 2.70 m, while in the other nations the minimum heights vary from 2.60 m in the Netherlands to no limit in UK.

Conclusions
A diverse approach among European Countries is observed: from a market-oriented logic (e.g., UK), in which minimum dimensions are not defined, to a prescriptive one (Italy), to a functionality-oriented (the Netherlands). The regulations of some Countries are health-oriented especially for most fragile social classes, since, defining larger dimensional standard, they reduce the risk of overcrowding, indoor air pollution and mental distress. However, considering the health, social, environmental and economic trends, many of these standards should be revised.

Key messages
Optimal housing standards promote the health and well-being of occupants. Healthy housing, healthy people.