bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A MIXED-METHODS STUDY OF NURSING HOME RESIDENTS’ EXPERIENCES OF RELATIONSHIPS AND DAY-TO-DAY SOCIAL INTERACTIONS
Authors: Washburn Allyson M , Williams Susan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Nursing home residents with and without cognitive impairment (N=38) answered open-ended questions about their day-to-day social interactions and ongoing relationships with family and friends. One author (SW) completed a conventional content analysis of the transcripts and the other (AW), a phenomenological-hermeneutic analysis. Findings from these analyses were combined and examined further using data from measures of social cognition and staff ratings of social behavior. Participants’ social experiences appeared to be determined not only by long-established habits and preferences and length of nursing home stay but also by their cognitive status and social cognition competencies. A central theme was the importance of managing ongoing relationships and day-to-day interactions so as to reduce one’s own stress as well as the burden on others. This presentation details how findings from distinct analytic strategies were combined to characterize the researchers’ understanding of participants’ lives in their networks of care from their own perspective.
KANSAS’S PEAK 2.0: AN ACADEMIC-STATE PARTNERSHIP IMPROVING THE LIVES OF NURSING HOME RESIDENTS
Authors: Doll Gayle , Cornelison Laci , Stone Robyn 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Most academic institutions welcome partnerships with industry and state government. These collaborations can lead to interventions to create social and environmental changes on a broad scale. Along with the opportunities, some challenges are inherent with these working relationships. The Kansas State University Center on Aging and the Kansas Department for Aging and Disability Services has been working together for more than 15 years on the Promoting Excellent Alternatives for Kansas nursing homes (PEAK) program. This collaboration has led to beneficial changes for nursing home residents and provided fertile ground for researchers wanting to examine these environments. This symposium will offer researcher insights as well as to elucidate process and procedures related to developing and maintaining collaborations with a state agency.
NURSE PRACTITIONERS’ PRESCRIPTIVE AUTHORITY AND THE RURAL URBAN DISPARITY IN MORTALITY RATES
Authors: Ferdows Nasim B , Kumar Amit 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Although nurse practitioners (NPs) might be the main providers of primary care to some communities, different states pursue different regulations for NP’s practice authority. This study compared the trends in mortality rates and supply of physicians in states with different policies, using AHRF and CMF data. We categorized states based on their restrictive policies into: full, reduced, and restricted practice. We compared the trends in age-adjusted mortality rate and physician supply in rural and urban areas, and examined within-state changes in rural-urban difference in physician supply and mortality. Our results indicate that as the level of restrictive policy increased the rural-urban mortality gap increased while physician supply declined. Furthermore, regardless of increase or decrease in physicians supply disparity, rural-urban mortality disparity declined in full practice states, with a negative association between a decline in rural-urban physician supply disparity and decline in rural-urban mortality disparity in full or reduced practice states.
LONELINESS FOLLOWING WIDOWHOOD: THE ROLE OF THE MILITARY AND SOCIAL SUPPORT
Authors: King Brittany M , Carr Dawn , Taylor Miles G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Social support provides important benefits following widowhood. One context promoting social support throughout life may be the military, where benefits extend to both service members and their spouses. A substantial proportion of older men served in the military, so many widowed women today were married to veterans. We tested two hypotheses: 1) surviving military spouses will experience lower persistent loneliness following widowhood compared to their nonmilitary counterparts, and 2) this benefit is explained by increased emotional and structural social support. Our study uses the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to examine changes in loneliness following widowhood among spouses of veterans and nonveterans. We used OLS regression and mediation tests to address our hypotheses. Overall, results supported our hypotheses. Widows of veterans reported lower levels of loneliness following widowhood compared to nonveteran widows (=-0.122; p&lt;0.05). Emotional and structural social support mediated the relationship between veteran status of the deceased spouse and loneliness. Specifically, the beneficial effect of veteran status was reduced by almost 50% and became nonsignificant. Our findings suggest the military may facilitate lifelong cultivation of social support that flows not only to veterans but also to their families. These findings are suggest that the military may offer important opportunities to cultivate emotional and structural social supports that enhance the ability of veteran wives to more readily adjust to widowhood. Additionally, they emphasize the importance of having social support in later life when faced with adversity, as it seems to ameliorate some of the negative effects.
FALLS AMONG CAREGIVERS AGE 45 AND OLDER IN 15 STATES, DC, AND PUERTO RICO, 2016
Authors: Bouldin Erin D , Labi Vanna , Edwards Valerie , McGuire Lisa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Family and friends who provide care to people with chronic conditions or disability (caregivers) are a critical component of community-based care in the US. Falls could negatively impact a caregiver’s ability to provide care. In 2016, 15 states, DC, and Puerto Rico included the optional Caregiver Module on the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We used these data to estimate fall and injurious fall prevalence among caregivers age ≥45 who had provided care for ≥2 years. Among 71,541 respondents, 11.8% provided care for ≥2 years. One-third of caregivers had fallen in the past year (16.6% once; 16.4% more than once), and 47.3% of caregivers who fell reported at least one resulted in an injury that limited activity or required treatment. Caregivers were significantly more likely to fall (p=0.02) and to experience injury (p=0.002) compared to non-caregivers. Falls are common among caregivers and potentially harmful to them and their care recipients.
SHAPING LIVING IN SOLIDARITY AMONG OLDER VULNERABLE PEOPLE IN BRUSSELS
Authors: Smetcoren An-Sofie , De Donder Liesbeth 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This research explores how older people construct their view on ‘living in solidarity’. The data was collected during a cohousing project (from construction till occupation). Co-creation sessions with residents and project coordinators were analyzed. 7 conditions and success factors were unraveled that deemed important to realize ‘solidary housing’: 1) The challenge to unite individual and collective needs; 2) Continuous task to engage (candidate-) residents, from early beginning; 3) A targeted selection of residents; 4) Maximizing the competences of older people, 5) Developing a group identity consciousness, 6) Involving experts providing support for group- and individual trajectories, 7) Creating a climate of confidence. Solidary housing appeared to be a nuanced and layered concept which should not be overidealized. Participants demonstrate what is realistic, and how it can be shaped in daily practice. By discussing and deciding on group issues, the project coordinators created a shared platform for implicit and explicit agreements.
EXPERIENCES OF OLDER PEOPLE AND INFORMAL CAREGIVERS WITH LIVE-IN MIGRANT CARE WORKERS IN BELGIUM
Authors: Hoens Sylvia , Smetcoren An-Sofie , Donder Liesbeth De 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The increasing number of older people has a significant impact on the organization of care in European countries. Despite the availability of formal care services, adequate solutions are still missing and older people themselves search for alternative strategies to meet their care needs. For example, a recent tendency is to call upon help of migrant care workers. In Belgium, research concerning this often invisible care solution remains absent. Therefore, the study at hand explores the experiences of the older care users and their informal caregivers and examines how this care can increase their well-being. Eight in-depth interviews with older people who rely on live-in migrant care workers, five interviews with professionals and one focus group with experts have been conducted. This study found that live-in caregivers relieve the informal carers, guarantee the presence of permanent care 24/7 and enable older people to live longer at home.
ANALYTICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF DEVELOPING A PHENOTYPIC AGING MEASURE: THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK MUST COME FIRST!
Authors: Shardell Michelle , Shardell Michelle , Kuo Pei-Lun , Schrack Jennifer , Simonsick Eleanor M , Resnick Susan M , Levine Morgan E , Ferrucci luigi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We propose a latent structural model framework where phenotypic aging is a latent variable influenced by chronological age, genes and environment. Within this framework, phenotypic age influences aging-related outcomes and is reflected by latent domains of aging (body composition, energetics, homeostasis, and neural functioning) reflected by biomarkers. First, we validate the framework by selecting age-associated domain-specific biomarkers and assessing internal consistency and convergent construct validity (Cronbach’s alpha). Using data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, within-domain Cronbach’s alphas ranged from 0.80 to 0.92, supporting convergent construct validity. Second, we evaluate two broad methods for combining biomarkers into one phenotypic age measure customized to different objectives: 1) confirmatory factor analysis of chronological age-adjusted biomarkers to create a measure to identify pleiotropic genetic and environmental mechanisms, and 2) machine-learning methods to create a measure optimizing predictive and concurrent criterion validity. This framework will enable evaluation of candidate biological mechanisms of aging.
PRECARITY AND LATER LIFE: UNDERSTANDING NEW INEQUALITIES AND RISKS IN LATER LIFE
Authors: Dannefer Dale , Phillipson Christopher , Dannefer Dale 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This symposium addresses debates around the theme of precarity and its implications for understanding social and economic changes affecting the lives of older people. To date, the concept of precarity has been applied to several subpopulations by various academic disciplines but has yet to be systematically applied to later life. The symposium will give particular attention to the extent to which the lens provided by precarity can illuminate different types of inequalities experienced through the life course and reflected in public policies directed at older people. Chris Phillipson reviews theoretical perspectives relating to precarity, examining their potential contribution for the development of critical gerontology. His paper also considers the extent to which the concept of ‘precarious ageing’ offers a competing or complementary view to theories of ‘active’ and ‘successful ageing’. Larry Polivka examines the growing precarity of life for older Americans emanating from austerity budgets and privatization of public services. The paper suggests that policies such as health care and long term care are in jeopardy, creating a glide path toward the extension of precarious employment into a precarious retirement for millions of older people. Wenxuan Huang examines how the focus on agency and other individual-level foci obscure understanding of social dynamics. Finally, Amanda Grenier draws on a scoping review of precarity to outline conceptual distinctions between frailty, vulnerability, and precarity. She presents reflections on what these concepts offer in terms of understandings of late life the study of disadvantage across the life course.
PRECARITY AND AGING: THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF RISK IN LATER LIFE
Authors: Phillipson Christopher 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the growth of precarious lives in the context of policies which have marginalised the welfare state and priorities of social inclusion/security. Blackburn observes that ageing societies ‘requires new welfare principles not their repudiation’. However, the reality has been the erosion of the social solidarity which gave the welfare state legitimacy. In Europe, one set of welfare and related institutions is being abandoned, replaced by precarious arrangements -- extended working lives, privatization of pensions, and greater demand for women especially) for unpaid work. This paper 1) draws upon perspectives from political economy and sociology to examine precarity, 2) considers ‘precarious ageing’ as a competing or complementary view to theories of ‘active’ and ‘successful ageing’ third, examines specific dimensions of precarity (work, resources, the environment, frailty), assessing prospects for an index of precarity and aging; finally, considers the public policy implications of the growth of old-age precarity .
PRECARITY IN OLD AGE IN AMERICA
Authors: Polivka Larry 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This presentation will analyze the growing precarity of life for older Americans emanating from austerity budgets and privatization of public services. As governments at every level continue to look for ways to reduce social and health spending and cut taxes they are also pursuing privatization through contracts with for-profit firms to provide regulated social and health services. The presentation will discuss how these trends toward greater precarity in old age relate to Streecks’ concept of the Consolidation State in Western neoliberal political economies. The Consolidation State serve the interest of capital, especially finance capital by implementing austerity budgets, preserving low taxes on wealth, prioritizing the financing of deficits/debt and privatizing public services and assets. Such policies put health care, long term care and other programs supporting older persons in jeopardy, creating a glide path toward the extension of precarious employment into a precarious retirement for millions of older people.
ATTITUDES TOWARD AGING, RESILIENCE, AND SELF-RATED HEALTH OF CHINESE OLDER ADULTS: FINDINGS FROM HONOLULU AND WUHAN
Authors: Zhang Keqing , Zhang Wei , Liu Sizhe , Wu Bei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A growing body of literature found that attitudes towards aging is related to individual’s health among older adults. This paper aims to examine the relationship between negative attitudes towards aging and self-rated health among Chinese older adults living in Honolulu (N=400) and Wuhan (N=552) and explore the moderating roles of resilience and gender. Results showed that the positive relationship between attitudes towards aging and self-rated health was moderated by resilience such that higher levels of resilience weakened this association significantly and substantially, implying its stress-buffering role. Both the positive focal relationship and the moderating effect appeared to be stronger among older adults in Honolulu than their peers in Wuhan. For gender differences, the moderating effect of resilience was only significant for males in Honolulu and females in Wuhan, indicating that males in Honolulu and females in Wuhan may rely heavily on psychological resources such as resilience in coping with stressors.
INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSFERS, RESILIENCE, AND SELF-RATED HEALTH: FINDINGS FROM HONOLULU AND WUHAN
Authors: Liu Sizhe , Zhang Wei , Zhang Keqing , Wu Bei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study investigated the association between intergenerational transfer and self-rated health (SRH) using data collected from 323 older Chinese immigrants in Honolulu and 752 Chinese older adults in Wuhan. We also explored the mediating role of resilience and the moderating role of gender in linking the associations. Findings show, for both study sites, receiving greater emotional support was associated with increased levels of SRH and this association was partially explained by resilience for females but not for males. For country differences, receiving economic support was negatively associated with SRH whereas providing economic support was positively associated with SRH for males but not for females in Honolulu. In Wuhan, receiving housework support was negatively associated with SRH for females but not for males. These findings indicate that future studies need to consider country differences as well as the impact of acculturation when examining intergenerational transfers and health among Chinese older adults.
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND YOUNG ADULT HEALTH IN THE UNITED STATES: DIFFERENCES BY RACE AND GENDER
Authors: Noppert Grace A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
There is compelling evidence to suggest that educational disparities in health differ by both race and gender. This study examines the relationship between respondents’ education and six health outcomes related to cardiometabolic and inflammatory outcomes using data from Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (ages 24-32 years; N = 13,458). We used logistic regression models to examine the relationship between education and the odds of each health outcome. Models were stratified by race and gender. We found that the association between education and each health outcome differed by race/ethnicity and gender. While among whites we observed an association between education and each health outcome, for blacks we observed no such associations. It may be that the benefits of education are particularly salient for those in more structurally advantaged positions, pointing to the continued need to address structural inequalities by both gender and race.
EXAMINING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTERISTICS AND TELOMERE LENGTH BY RACE AND URBANICITY
Authors: Thierry Amy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A dearth of research investigates socio-environmental mechanisms of health disparities. Therefore, this paper tests the association between neighborhood characteristics and telomere length (TL), a biomarker of cellular age, and examines if this relationship differs by race and urban residence. Data from US-born, non-Hispanic Black and White midlife and older adults (n=4,155) in the 2008 Health and Retirement Study was analyzed to test the relationship between TL and perceived neighborhood safety, cleanliness, and social cohesion. Linear regression models stratified by race included interaction terms between neighborhood characteristics and urban residence. Negative perceptions of neighborhood characteristics were associated with shorter TL in Blacks, with urban-dwelling Blacks having shorter TL than Blacks in less urban areas. Findings suggest that negatively perceived neighborhoods may be more detrimental to TL for urban compared to rural Blacks. Future research should elucidate the biobehavioral consequences of socially disadvantaged urban neighborhoods on healthy aging among Black adults.
THE VIRTUE OF A LIFE OF COMPLEXITY: THE KEY TO HEALTHY AGING
Authors: Lipsitz Lewis 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
People often wish to simplify their lives as they age, hoping to lead a less complex, stress-free, and happy existence. However, the loss of complexity may actually endanger one’s health. Aging is often associated with the pruning of work, family, and social networks in our external environment, and on a smaller scale, with the degradation of various anatomic structures and physiologic processes internally. This loss of complexity can impair our ability to perform activities of daily life or adapt to surgery or other stressors. We can quantify complexity using measures derived from the concept of fractals that describe patterns of behavior across different scales in space or time. Using these metrics we have shown that complexity loss is potentially reversible. This presentation will describe the measures, mechanisms, and consequences of complexity loss in different human systems, and interventions that can restore complexity and thereby improve functional health in older age.
OLDER ADULTS AND THE WORLD CAFé APPROACH: CROSS-GENERATIONAL INITIATIVES IN RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
Authors: Novik Nuelle , Jeffery Bonnie , McIntosh Tom 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In Canada, numbers of older adults are considered to be increasing, and by 2036, it is expected that seniors will reach 25% of the total population. Since 2009, the Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU) has developed an interdisciplinary approach to a community-based research program focused on rural older adults. The world café approach is recognized as collaborative and ideal for encouraging dialogue, sharing knowledge, and developing action plans. Set up like a café, four to six participants at each table engage in a series of three conversational rounds lasting approximately 20 minutes each. At the end of each round, participants move to different tables while the facilitator(s) remain at their original tables. We incorporated a world café approach in three distinct research projects, facilitating a total of five world café events. For each of these events, we also engaged with graduate and undergraduate students who were trained to serve as table facilitators. Participating students represented a variety of disciplines including social work, nursing, and gerontology. Older adults participating in the world café events reported positive experiences and appreciation for the opportunity to discuss new information. Student facilitators identified their participation as a “real life” learning and networking opportunity that enhanced their classroom experiences. Challenges identified included issues related to individual mobility, and issues related to noise and sound quality for those with hearing deficiencies. A community-based approach to research is effective when engaging with this population, and a word café event brings seniors directly into the discussion.
AGING SUPPORT, HEALTH, AND WELL-BEING OF THE ELDERLY IN CHINA AND JAPAN
Authors: Zang Emma , Zhang Yuan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Countries in East Asia have the largest aging population in the world. The consequences of aging largely depend on whether it is accompanied by a healthy, active, and high-quality life. This symposium aims to gain a better understanding of aging support and determinants of health in the contexts of two major East Asian countries - China and Japan. We will present new research using data from the Fukui Longitudinal Caregiver Study (FLCS) in Japan, and two most important aging surveys in China – the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), addressing critical topics including retirement, family care, social mobility, and mortality. Song and Smith investigate the impact of hukou change on mental health in later life. Zang examines the effect of a man’s retirement on his wife’s mental and physical health in China. Zhang et al. explore the determinants of mortality in China by conducting a comprehensive analysis of life-course conditions, community characteristics, biological and physical functioning, and disease burden. Zeng et al. compare demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral characteristics and health phenotypes of centenarians in China and Italy. Wakui et al. focus on the emergence of compound caregiving and the relationship of caregiving status to burden, depression, and social support in Japan. The cross-national comparisons will be informative regarding aging in various contexts. We will discuss the potential for further investigations using population-based aging data from different countries.