bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of BDNF Val66Met on hippocampal subfields volumes and compensatory interaction with APOE-ε4 in middle-age cognitively unimpaired individuals from the ALFA study
Authors: Vilor-Tejedor Natalia , Operto Grégory , Evans Tavia E. , Falcon Carles , Crous-Bou Marta , Minguillón Carolina , Cacciaglia Raffaele , Milà-Alomà Marta , Grau-Rivera Oriol , Suárez-Calvet Marc , Garrido-Martín Diego , Morán Sebastián , Esteller Manel , Adams Hieab H. , Molinuevo José Luis , Guigó Roderic , Gispert Juan Domingo ,   for the ALFA Study
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Current evidence supports the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism, and the ε4 allele of APOE gene in hippocampal-dependent functions. Previous studies on the association of Val66Met with whole hippocampal volume included patients of a variety of disorders. However, it remains to be elucidated whether there is an impact of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on the volumes of the hippocampal subfield volumes (HSv) in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, and the interactive effect with the APOE-ε4 status.

Methods
BDNF Val66Met and APOE genotypes were determined in a sample of 430 CU late/middle-aged participants from the ALFA study (ALzheimer and FAmilies). Participants underwent a brain 3D-T1-weighted MRI scan, and volumes of the HSv were determined using Freesurfer (v6.0). The effects of the BDNF Val66Met genotype on the HSv were assessed using general linear models corrected by age, gender, education, number of APOE-ε4 alleles and total intracranial volume. We also investigated whether the association between APOE-ε4 allele and HSv were modified by BDNF Val66Met genotypes.

Results
BDNF Val66Met carriers showed larger bilateral volumes of the subiculum subfield. In addition, HSv reductions associated with APOE-ε4 allele were significantly moderated by BDNF Val66Met status. BDNF Met carriers who were also APOE-ε4 homozygous showed patterns of higher HSv than BDNF Val carriers.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, the present study is the first to show that carrying the BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms partially compensates the decreased on HSv associated with APOE-ε4 in middle-age cognitively unimpaired individuals.
Bewertung der ambulanten ärztlichen Schmerztherapie in Deutschland
Authors: Kriegisch V. , Kuhn B. , Dierks M.-L. , Achenbach J. , Briest J. , Fink M. , Dusch M. , Amelung V. , Karst M. 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundNach den Kriterien der Qualitätssicherungsvereinbarung Schmerztherapie (QSV) nahmen zum Stichtag 31.12.2016 1206 Ärztinnen und Ärzte an der ambulanten Versorgung chronischer Schmerzpatienten teil. Bei in weiten Teilen bestehender Unterversorgung chronischer Schmerzpatienten fehlen Daten zur Einschätzung der ambulanten Schmerztherapie durch die Schmerztherapeuten selbst.MethodenIn einem Hybrid-Delphi-Verfahren wurde ein Fragebogen zur inhaltlichen, strukturellen und persönlichen Bewertung der ambulanten Schmerztherapie in Deutschland entwickelt.Mit diesem Instrument wurde eine internetbasierte Querschnittsbefragung von 281 QSV-Schmerzmedizinern aus vier Bundesländern (Berlin, Niedersachsen, Sachsen, Baden-Württemberg) und aller universitären Schmerzambulanzleiter (n = 36) in Deutschland durchgeführt.ErgebnisseDie Befragung erzielte eine bereinigte Rücklaufquote von insgesamt 35,9 %. Bei den Schmerzambulanzleitern antworteten 66,7 %. Bei 91 % der Befragten lag der Anteil an chronisch Schmerzkranken in der Praxis bei über 70 %. 67,3 % geben an, mit ihrer Praxissituation zufrieden zu sein, auf der anderen Seite äußern 63,4 % ihre Unzufriedenheit mit der aktuellen Organisation der Schmerzmedizin in Deutschland insgesamt. Diese Unzufriedenheit zeigt sich vor allem in Bezug auf die Budgetregelungen (69,3 %), die Kooperation mit Psychotherapeuten (69,3 %) und die interdisziplinäre Vernetzung (50,5 %). Als gute Vorbereitung für den späteren Beruf werden die einjährige Weiterbildung bei einem Weiterbildungsbefugten (87,1 %) und die Teilnahme an dem Kurs „Psychosomatische Grundversorgung“ (90,1 %) bewertet. Vielfältige Freitextkommentare weisen darauf hin, dass die Ausbildung zu kurz und nicht ausreichend sei. Die Mehrheit der Befragten hält es sowohl aus Arztsicht (61,4 %) wie auch aus Patientensicht (54,5 %) für sinnvoll, einen Facharzt für Schmerzmedizin als Versorgungsmodell zu etablieren. 70,8 % der Schmerzambulanzleiter sprechen sich für eigenständige Strukturen mit eigenem Budget aus, 75,0 % geben an, dass ihre Ambulanz unter den aktuellen Bedingungen nicht kostendeckend arbeitet. In Bezug auf die aktuelle Ausbildungssituation berichten nur 39,7 % der QSV-Schmerztherapeuten in der Niederlassung, dass sie auch Ärzte ausbilden, 57,6 % von ihnen planen zudem, ihre Tätigkeit innerhalb der nächsten 10 Jahre aufzugeben.SchlussfolgerungenDie mangelnde Eigenständigkeit der Schmerzmedizin und die unzureichend ausgebauten ambulanten Versorgungsnetzwerke tragen dazu bei, dass Schmerztherapeuten mit vielen Aspekten ihrer Tätigkeit unzufrieden sind. Die Etablierung eines Facharztes für Schmerztherapie wird als eine gute Lösung für eine bessere schmerzmedizinische Versorgung und für die Nachwuchsproblematik gesehen.
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells during pregnancy in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mallucci Giulia , Beneventi Fausta , Bergamaschi Roberto , Bizzotto Cristina , Cavagnoli Chiara , De Maggio Irene , Bellingeri Camilla , Monti Cristina , Viarengo Gianluca , Spinillo Arsenio 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been shown to increase during physiological pregnancy and are believed to play a fundamental role in the process of placentation. Reduced levels of EPCs during pregnancy have been associated with preeclampsia and miscarriage. Women with multiple sclerosis (MS) are not at increased risk of preeclampsia nor of general adverse obstetric outcome, in contrast with some other autoimmune diseases.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate circulating EPCs levels in pregnant patients with MS.

Methods
CD34+ and CD133+ were longitudinally detected by flow cytometry in the maternal plasma of 29 healthy controls and 9 MS patients and in the cord blood of their newborns.

Results
EPCs were affected by pregnancy with the same trend in both groups (CD34+ p = 0.0342; CD133+ p = 0.0347). EPCs during pregnancy were increased in MS (mean ± SD: CD34+ cells 0.038 ± 0.010; CD133+ 0.024 ± 0.009) with respect to healthy controls (mean ± SD: CD34+ cells 0.022 ± 0.006; CD133+ 0.016 ± 0.004), CD34+ p = 0.0004; CD133+ p = 0.0109. EPCs levels of the cord blood of MS patients' newborns mild correlated with maternal EPC levels at delivery (CD34+: spearman’s Rho 0.658, p = 0.054; CD133+: spearman’s Rho 0.758, p = 0.018).

Conclusions
This work identified increased circulating EPC levels during pregnancy, following the same trend both in MS patients and healthy controls. Despite the similar trend, the levels of circulating EPCs were significantly higher in MS patients with respect to the control population. A correlation was also found in MS patients between cord blood EPCs and circulating EPCs at delivery.
Intra- and postoperative adverse events in awake craniotomy for intrinsic supratentorial brain tumors
Authors: Kwinta Borys M. , Myszka Aneta M. , Bigaj Monika M. , Krzyżewski Roger M. , Starowicz-Filip Anna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
To determine the frequency and consequences of intra- and postoperative adverse events in awake craniotomy for intrinsic supratentorial brain tumors. Despite the growing prevalence of awake craniotomy intra- and postoperative, adverse events related to this surgery are poorly discussed.

Methods
We studied 25 patients undergoing awake craniotomy with maximum safe resection of intrinsic supratentorial brain tumors in the awake-asleep-awake protocol.

Results
Surgery-related inconveniences occurred in 23 patients (92%), while postoperative adverse events were observed in 17 cases (68%). Seven patients suffered from more than one postoperative complication. The most common surgery-related inconvenience was intraoperative hypertension (8 cases, 32%), followed by discomfort (7 cases, 28%), pain during surgery (5 cases, 20%), and tachycardia (3 cases, 12%). The most common postoperative adverse event was a new language deficit that occurred in 10 cases (40%) and remained permanent in one case (4%). Motor deficits occurred in 36% of cases and were permanent in one case (1%). Seizures were observed in 4 cases (16%) intra- and in 2 cases (8%) postoperatively. Seizures appeared more frequently in patients with multilobar insular-involving gliomas and in patients without prophylactic antiepileptic drug therapy.

Conclusions
Surgery-related inconveniences and postoperative adverse events occur in most awake craniotomies. The most common intraoperative adverse event is hypertension, pain, and tachycardia. The most frequent postoperative adverse events are new language deficits and new motor deficits.
Migration route, stopping sites, and non-breeding destinations of adult Black-tailed Godwits breeding in southwest Fryslân, The Netherlands
Authors: Verhoeven Mo A. , Loonstra A. H. Jelle , McBride Alice D. , Both Christiaan , Senner Nathan R. , Piersma Theunis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we extend our understanding of the migration of Black-tailed Godwits (Limosa limosa limosa) by describing: (1) the orientation and geographic locations of individual migratory routes and (2) the spatial distribution of godwits across seasons and years. We accomplish this using satellite-tracking data from 36 adult godwits breeding in the 200-ha Haanmeer polder in The Netherlands, from 2015 to 2018. During both southward and northward migration, godwits used a narrow migratory corridor along which most individuals made stops within a network of sites, especially the Bay of Biscay, France and Doñana, Spain. Most sites were used consistently by the same individuals across years. However, sites in Morocco were used during northward migration by 75% of individuals, but not revisited by the same individual across years. After southward migration, a small proportion (15%) of godwits spent the entire non-breeding period north of the Sahara, but most (85%) crossed the Sahara and spent at least part of the non-breeding season among seven coastal sites in West Africa and one site in the Inner Niger Delta. Although site-use patterns varied among individuals, individuals showed high site fidelity and were consistent in the number of sites they used from year to year. The considerable differences in the spatial distribution of individuals that breed within a kilometre of one another raise questions about the causes and consequences of individual migratory differences. We discuss that full annual cycle tracking of juveniles from birth to adulthood is needed to understand the source of these individual differences. Our results on the spatial distribution of godwits throughout their annual cycle lay an important foundation of information that can be used to help conserve this declining species.
Attitudes towards hunting in Polish society and the related impacts of hunting experience, socialisation and social networks
Authors: Krokowska-Paluszak Małgorzata , Łukowski Adrian , Wierzbicka Anna , Gruchała Arkadiusz , Sagan Jacek , Skorupski Maciej 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn recent years, hunters in Poland have faced a low level of social acceptance. Scientists from the USA and Sweden have demonstrated that contact with hunters and game meat consumption is one of the decisive factors affecting the social acceptance of hunting. The aim of our study was to examine attitudes towards hunting (ATH) held by the non-hunting part of Polish society and to analyse factors influencing these perceptions. We hypothesised that Polish people have a generally negative ATH but that Polish people who have direct contact with hunters and eat game meat have a more positive ATH. During the study, we surveyed a randomly selected representative sample of 486 respondents. Based on nine statements defining non-hunters’ perceptions, we determined ATH and then investigated its association with attitudinal items such as hunting experience, socialisation, social network and socio-demographic information. We found that most respondents (61.7%) possessed an ATH that was at least slightly positive. Experience with hunting and hunters had a significant positive impact on ATH, and respondents who included game meat in their diet on a regular basis had a more positive ATH, as did respondents who participate in hunting. Socialisation and social network (having parents or friends who hunt/having a hunter in the household) were key positive influences on ATH. Conversely, the inability to visit a forest in their neighbourhood due to ongoing hunting had a significant negative impact on ATH. Different socio-demographic variables had a low impact on ATH. The results of this study show measurable steps towards increasing knowledge about social acceptance of hunting and can also be used as a strong argument in the discussion regarding the existence of sustainable hunting in Europe. We recommend several management implications, especially in a Polish context.
Social Media as a Form of Virtual Whistleblowing: Empirical Evidence for Elements of the Diamond Model
Authors: Latan Hengky , Chiappetta Jabbour Charbel Jose , Lopes de Sousa Jabbour Ana Beatriz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article originally advances the field of organizational whistleblowing by empirically investigating the suitability of the four elements of the fraud diamond as a means to understand the intention to disclose wrongdoing through virtual channels. This article also makes a contribution on the theme of whistleblowing as it relates to customers, an under-studied, however, relevant stakeholder in this field. The main findings of the article are as follows: (a) the four elements of the fraud diamond as they relate to whistleblowing—a combination of pressure, financial incentive, opportunity and rationalization, and capability—can explain the intentions behind customer reports of wrongdoing; (b) online social media channels are customers’ preferred means of whistleblowing; (c) the elements of opportunity and capability are strongly correlated with the use of social media as a method of disclosing wrongdoing; and (d) virtual channels can be useful for whistleblowers in order to avoid potential retaliation. Unique managerial and academic implications of these research findings are also discussed, extending the layers of knowledge on whistleblowing in organizations.
Practicing Connections: A Framework to Guide Instructional Design for Developing Understanding in Complex Domains
Authors: Fries Laura , Son Ji Y. , Givvin Karen B. , Stigler James W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResearch suggests that expert understanding is characterized by coherent mental representations featuring a high level of connectedness. This paper advances the idea that educators can facilitate this level of understanding in students through thepracticing connectionsframework: a practical framework to guide instructional design for developing deep understanding and transferable knowledge in complex academic domains. We start by reviewing what we know from learning sciences about the nature and development of transferable knowledge, arguing thatconnectednessis key to the coherent mental schemas that underlie deep understanding and transferable skills. We then propose features of instruction that might uniquely facilitate deep understanding and suggest that the connections between a domain’score concepts,key representations, andcontexts and practices of the worldmust be made explicit and practiced, over time, in order for students to develop coherent understanding. We illustrate the practicing connections approach to instructional design in the context of a new online interactive introductory statistics textbook developed by the authors.
Sibling Configuration as a Moderator of the Effectiveness of a Theory of Mind Training in Children with Autism: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: de Veld Danielle M. J. , Scheeren Anke M. , Howlin Patricia , Hoddenbach Elske , Mulder Fleur , Wolf Imke , Begeer Sander 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis RCT investigated whether participants’ sibling configuration moderated the effect of a Theory of Mind (ToM) intervention for children with autism. Children with autism aged 8–13 years (n = 141) were randomized over a waitlist control or treatment condition. Both having more siblings, as well as having an older sibling were related to better outcomes on measures of ToM-related behavior and social cognition, but not ToM knowledge or autistic features in general. The finding that these associations were limited to practical skills addressed in the intervention, seems to indicate that having more siblings and having an older sibling provides enhanced opportunities for children with autism to practice taught skills in the home environment.
Kinetics of Sn whisker growth from Sn thin-films on Cu substrate
Authors: Illés Balázs , Krammer Olivér , Hurtony Tamás , Dušek Karel , Bušek David , Skwarek Agata 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe kinetics of Sn whisker growth was investigated on vacuum-evaporated Sn thin-films. Sn film layers were deposited on a Cu substrate with 0.5 and 1 µm thicknesses. The samples were stored in room conditions (22 ± 1 °C/50 ± 5RH%) for 60 days. The Sn whiskers and the Cu–Sn layer structure underneath them were investigated with both scanning electron and ion microscopy. Fast Cu–Sn intermetallic formation resulted in considerable mechanical stress in the Sn layer, which initiated intensive whisker growth right after the layer deposition. The thinner Sn layer produced twice many whiskers compared to the thicker one. The lengths of the filament-type whiskers were similar, but the growth characteristics differed. The thinner Sn layer performed the highest whisker growth rates during the first 7 days, while the thicker Sn layer increased the growth rate only after 7 days. This phenomenon was explained by the cross-correlation of the stress relaxation ability of Sn layers and the amount of Sn atoms for whisker growth. The very high filament whisker growth rates might be caused by the interface flow mechanism, which could be initiated by the intermetallic layer growth itself. Furthermore, a correlation was found between the type of the whiskers and the morphology of the intermetallic layer underneath.
A More Unified Approach to Free Logics
Authors: Pavlović Edi , Gratzl Norbert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFree logics is a family of first-order logics which came about as a result of examining the existence assumptions of classical logic. What those assumptions are varies, but the central ones are that (i) the domain of interpretation is not empty, (ii) every name denotes exactly one object in the domain and (iii) the quantifiers have existential import. Free logics usually reject the claim that names need to denote in (ii), and of the systems considered in this paper, the positive free logic concedes that some atomic formulas containing non-denoting names (namely self-identity) are true, while negative free logic rejects even the latter claim. Inclusive logics, which reject (i), are likewise considered. These logics have complex and varied axiomatizations and semantics, and the goal of this paper is to present an orderly examination of the various systems and their mutual relations. This is done by first offering a formalization, using sequent calculi which possess all the desired structural properties of a good proof system, including admissibility of contraction and cut, while streamlining free logics in a way no other approach has. We then present a simple and unified system of abstract semantics, which allows for a straightforward demonstration of the meta-theoretical properties, and offers insights into the relationship between different logics (free and classical). The final part of this paper is dedicated to extending the system with modalities by using a labeled sequent calculus, and here we are again able to map out the different approaches and their mutual relations using the same framework.
Emotional sounds of crowds: spectrogram-based analysis using deep learning
Authors: Franzoni Valentina , Biondi Giulio , Milani Alfredo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCrowds express emotions as a collective individual, which is evident from the sounds that a crowd produces in particular events, e.g., collective booing, laughing or cheering in sports matches, movies, theaters, concerts, political demonstrations, and riots. A critical question concerning the innovative concept of crowd emotions is whether the emotional content of crowd sounds can be characterized by frequency-amplitude features, using analysis techniques similar to those applied on individual voices, where deep learning classification is applied to spectrogram images derived by sound transformations. In this work, we present a technique based on the generation of sound spectrograms from fragments of fixed length, extracted from original audio clips recorded in high-attendance events, where the crowd acts as a collective individual. Transfer learning techniques are used on a convolutional neural network, pre-trained on low-level features using the well-known ImageNet extensive dataset of visual knowledge. The original sound clips are filtered and normalized in amplitude for a correct spectrogram generation, on which we fine-tune the domain-specific features. Experiments held on the finally trained Convolutional Neural Network show promising performances of the proposed model to classify the emotions of the crowd.
Soil inoculation alters the endosphere microbiome of chrysanthemum roots and leaves
Authors: Pangesti Nurmi , Pineda Ana , Hannula S. Emilia , Bezemer T. Martijn 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aims
This study examines how inoculation with live soil influences the assembly of the endosphere microbiome of leaves and roots of chrysanthemum.

Methods
Sterilized soil was inoculated with 10% soil in which grasses had grown. Chrysanthemum was planted in these soils and control plants were grown in 100% sterilized soil. All plants were exposed to thrips, and leaves and roots were collected from inoculated and control plants that experienced high and low thrips damage. DNA was extracted and the bacterial and fungal community inside roots and leaves was determined using Illumina sequencing.

Results
Inoculation increased bacterial diversity in root but not in leaf tissues. The endosphere of both roots and leaves was dominated by Pseudomonadaceae. In leaves, the relative abundance of Pseudomonadaceae was higher in inoculated than in control plants, whereas this was opposite in roots. Leaves contained more rare bacterial families than roots. The number of fungal reads was very low and the endopshere did not differ between plants with high or low thrips damage.

Conclusions
Bacterial communities inside chrysanthemum root and leaf tissues differ considerably. Soil inoculation with entire microbiomes can be used to change root and foliar bacterial microbiomes and this is particularly effective in root tissues.