bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing and Conservation of Ecosystem through Philatelic Education in Europe: Think Green Concept (II) - Stamp Research Study
Authors: Cioruța Bogdan , Coman Mirela , Pop Alexandru Leonard 
Published: May 2020

Each year the members of PostEurop issue EUROPA stamps on a common theme. One new twist is that all stamp issuers in the PostEurop area are using the same motif. The 2016 year's theme was the environment. PostNord works actively to take environmental and sustainability responsibilities seriously and have set clear, measurable goals.
EUROPA stamps are special stamps issued by European postal administrations and bears the official EUROPA logo, a PostEurop registered trademark under the aegis of PostEurop in which Europe is the central theme. EUROPA stamps underlines cooperation in the posts domain, taking into account promotion of philately. They also build awareness of the common roots, culture and history of Europe and its common goals. As such, EUROPA stamp issues are among the most collected and most popular stamps in the world.
Since the first issue in 1956, EUROPA stamps have been a tangible symbol of Europe’s desire for closer integration and cooperation. In 1993, PostEurop became responsible for issuing EUROPA stamps. Each year, PostEurop's Stamps & Philately Working Group selects the EUROPA stamp theme. “Think green!” was the 2016 theme.
In this paper we propose an insight into the actual history of Europe preoccupations for environmental protection, and bring into limelight the significant concerns in promoting ecological educational via thematic issues (“Think green!” stamps). The main objective is to identify, index and describe the remain philatelic pieces issued in European countries, starting with the Iceland post administration issues and ending with ones from Vatican.
Eco-Morphological Patterns and Diversity of Some Fishes from the Ogu River in Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Adaobi P. Ugbomeh , Chioma O. Kelsy , Karibi N. O. Bob-Manuel , Onyebuchi R. Nwosu 
Published: May 2020

Aim: Eco-morphological studies show that morphological traits are adaptive, which means that traits evolve and change as a result of the activities going on in the environment such as predation, competition, and other biotic associations. This study was taken to determine the eco-morphological patterns of some fishes from the Ogu River in Ogu/Bolo Local Government Area of Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria.
Study Design: Field work and random sampling.
Place and Duration: Three stations were sampled along the Ogu river and the duration of the study was four months (January- April 2018).
Methodology: A total of 193 individual fishes were caught, comprising of 5 families and 11 species. Fish samples were obtained with the aid of a seine net; identified, weighed and morphometric measurements were made, to provide the eco-morphological attributes. Fishes were dissected to measure intestinal length. Statistical analysis includes Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of morphometric ratios and intestinal length - total length ratios of fish.
Results: The fish species found were Tilapia guineensis, Tilapia zilli, Mugil bananensis, Mugil curema, Liza falcipinnis, Liza dumerili, Liza grandisquamis, Pomadasys rogerii, Pomadasys jubelini, Lutjanus endecacanthus and Eucinostomus melanopterus. Tilapia guineensis was the most abundant species, Shannon Weiner diversity index (H) ranged from 1.83 - 1.96, Simpson’s dominance index ranged from 0.79 - 0.85. The PCA analysis using different morphological attributes revealed 4 groups in feeding regime (omnivorous - Mugilids; herbivorous - Cichlids; larger carnivores - Lutjanids and smaller carnivores - Pomadasyids), and 3 groups in the fishes habitat preference in water as (1: Cichlids, 2: Mugilids and 3: Pomadasyids, Lutjanids and Gerreids).
Conclusion: This study revealed morphometric attributes of some fishes of the Ogu river in Rivers State Nigeria and their relation with feeding, microhabitat and environmental parameters.
Predictors of Unmet Need for Family Planning among HIV Positive Women in Care in Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed A. , Chiroma D. , Laima C. H. , Danimoh M. A. , Odunze P. A. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Elimination of mother-to-child transmission (EMTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) requires adequate and continuous use of family planning commodities among women of reproductive age. This can be made possible by reducing the proportion of HIV positive women with unmet need for family planning. The study aims to determine the factors associated with having unmet need among women in HIV care.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted using an interviewer administered questionnaire to study 325 women on HIV care. Cluster sampling technique was used to select the study respondents from the clinic.
Results: Less than half of the respondents (40%) were currently using family planning, 35% had unmet need for family planning with 53.6% having unmet need for spacing while 46.4% having unmet need for limiting. Women with no history of previous use of family planning were fifteen times more likely to have unmet need for family planning than those with history of previous use of family planning (p value <0.001, CI 2.511-15.770). Also women with more than five deliveries were eight times more likely to have unmet need for family planning (p value 0.004, CI 0.001-0.279) while women with 2-5 deliveries are four times likely to have unmet need for family planning (p value 0.035, CI 0.005-0.832).
Conclusion: A high proportion of women receiving ART care still have unmet need for family planning despite incorporating this service in HIV care. It is therefore important to target high risk groups to reduce the proportion of women with unmet need for family planning which will invariable reduce mother to child transmission of HIV.
An Overview of the Sociodemographic Considerations of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ohoreorovwori Ugbomah Lucy , Nonyelum Stanley Catherine , Chukwuemeka Stanley Princewill 
Published: May 2020

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus strain. The virus is believed to spread mainly by respiratory droplets where the infected people breathe, cough or sneeze and expel little droplets of moisture that contain the virus.Older people and people with pre-existing medical conditions are mostly affected.
Method: Relevant literatures were reviewed from the internet, electronic and print media, World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control documentation.
Results: The coronavirus has brought difficult situations for citizens across the world. Refugees and irregular migrants who find themselves in difficult situations are more vulnerable to the effect of the virus and the social difficulties associated with it.
Conclusion: The spread of the virus can be slowed or suppressed through social distancing, natural immunity, and observance of optimal hygiene practice and near compulsory use of face masks, particularly while dealing with the public.
In vivo Approach: Potential Diuretic Activity of M. charantia Linn. on Alloxan Induced Albino Wistar Rats in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wahul Umesh B. , Kadam Ambadas S. , Kamble Laxmikant H. , Ali Ayaz S. 
Published: May 2020

The screening of perfect diuretics for non –clinical utility in Diabetes mellitus is a relatively novel approach which gain insight into underlying the pathophysiological processes.
This study aim to evaluate the diuretic effect of crude aqueous & alcoholic extract of M. charantia Linn. using Albino Wistar Rat model. The methodology of animal study includes the spectral analysis of Na+, K+, Cl-concentration against the body weight, this was done by spectrophotometry. In this study, the comparative observation of Diuretic activity with standard and extracted compound has shown that the estimated 24‐hour urine contains the Na+-3.82 g, 3.82 g, 3.92 g and K+-1.35 g, 1.39 g, 1.48 gwt. For Vehicle control, Standard drug, and Extracted compound respectively. Which possess the favouring result means from the spot urine were 10.7±7.0 g/24 hand 3.9±2.1 g/24 h, respectively. Coefficients were 0.035, 0.022, 0.046 at (d±2SD=7.07 g, 4.42 gand 8.92 g) for sodium chloride and 0.068, 0.031, 0.046 at (d ± 2SD = 4.92 g, 2.31 g and 3.34 g) for potassium chloride. The present study guide formulation of non-clinical trials with statistical study to further measuring the claimed efficacy of M. charantia as a natural remedy for diabetes mellitus.
Histopathological Spectrum of Hysterectomy Specimens
Authors: Gupta Anil Kumar , Gupta Isha , Suri Anil Kumar 
Published: May 2020

Aims: Aim of this retrospective study, was to analyze the histopathological spectrum among women who have underwent hysterectomies at our institution.
Study Design: All hysterectomies were included in this study. Except 7 vaginal hysterectomies, all were abdominal hysterectomies. Clinical history and other relevant data were obtained from the records of Department of Pathology of medical college hospital. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin were examined and analysed for histopathological diagnosis.
Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at NC medical College, Panipat India during calendar year 2019.
Methodology: A total of 480(n=480) hysterectomies received during the study period. Mean age of the patient was 40.02 years ranging from 30 to 66 years. 176 (36.5%) hysterectomy specimens did have unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and 51 (10.6%) with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
Results: Histopathologically, most common findings in hysterectomy specimens were chronic cervicitis in 396(82.5%), uterine fibroids in 251 (52.29%), adenomyosis in 24(5.0%) and endometrial hyperplasia in 18(3.75%). A total of 144 patients (30.0%) showed corpus luteum in their ovaries; of which cystic changes occurred in 28 (5.8%) and hemorrhagic luteal cysts in 13(2.70%) patients. Fallopian tubes, were pathologically unremarkable; 7(1.45%) patients had paratubal cysts. Ovarian neoplasms were accounted for only 1(0.2%) patient.
Conclusion: Histopathological diagnosis in present study were of benign in nature, requiring no further treatment and management beyond hysterectomy. Hysterectomies were performed in patients to improve the quality of life, to alleviate symptoms and occasionally as a life-saving measure.
Performance of Drought-tolerant Varieties of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Water Deficit Stress Condition in the North Region of Cameroon
Authors: Alioum Paul Sounou , Housseini Jacques Djida , Mafouasson Tontsa Noelle Hortense 
Published: May 2020

Aims: The present study aimed to assess the performance of three drought-tolerant maize genotypes (DTSTRSYNY-2 (V1), WHITE DTSTRSYN (V2) and TZL COMP.4DTF2 (V3)) developed by IITA under water deficit stress conditions.
Place and Duration of Study: Experiment was carried out at Sanguere-Paul in the Soudano-Sahelian agro-ecological zone, North region, Cameroon from September to December 2019.
Methodology: Experimental design employed was the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) of 5 treatments corresponding to different maize varieties in 2 replicates. The drought-sensitive CMS 9015 (V4) and the drought-tolerant EVDT99 QPM W (V5) maize varieties performed by IRAD was used as negative and positive controls, respectively. For each maize variety, growth and production parameters were recorded alongside the experiment and grain yield was calculated.
Results: Results showed that the three drought-tolerant maize genotypes and the positive control maize variety assessed significantly exhibited a good performance under water stress condition regarding the growth and production traits registered compared to the negative control. Concerning growth parameters, the drought-tolerant maize varieties V1, V2 and V3 presented short anthesis-silking interval (1-1.5 day), good plant aspect, low number of dried leaves above ear (8-15 leaves) and less dead plants (1.25 -1.50 plant)compared to the controls. For V1, V2 and V3 drought-tolerant maize varieties, high yields of 3.24, 3.58 and 3.73 ton/ha, respectively, were obtained compared to the controls(1.13 ton/ha for the negative control V4 and 2.27 ton/ha for the positive control V5).
Conclusion: Thus, the three drought-tolerant maize varieties showed good performance in the Soudano-Sahelian agro-ecological zone of Cameroon and should be adopted by farmers to increase and improve the maize production in the country, even under water deficit conditions.
Determination of the Effect of Green Roofs on Indoor Temperature by the Use of Simulation in a Tropical Landscape
Authors: Nyame-Tawiah D. , Attuah L. , Koranteng C. 
Published: May 2020

Aims: To use a simulation base exploration to carry out 6 scenarios of green roof construction methods to determine the most efficient in improving indoor thermal comfort.
Study Design: Simulation Design was used as the study design.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Horticulture – Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology located at Kumasi-Ghana between 2016 and 2019.
Methodology: A simulation experimental setup was done to run for 1 year to cover the two seasons in Ghana. Version 5.0.2 Design Builder and Energy Plus 5.8 was used to work on 6 scenarios using leaf area indexes (LAI) of 2 and 5 as well as soil depth (thickness) of (70-150 mm), 200 mm, 300 mm and 500 mm. Also a real life experiment was done at the Department of Horticulture by constructing 9 test cells and using treatments such as Portulaca grandiflora and Setcreasea purpurea to validate the results for the simulation. The time setup for the simulation was from 12.00 am to 11.59 pm.
Results: A leaf area indexes (LAI) of 5 and soil depth of 70 mm-150 mm recorded the lowest simulated temperature ranging from 26.26°C to 29.30°C for scenario one. For scenario two, a leaf area indexes (LAI) of 5 and a soil depth of 200mm recorded the lowest significantly (P≤0.05) indoor temperature in August (26.20°C) and the highest (29.26°C) in March. In February, June and August, significant differences (P≤0.05) were achieved by leaf area indexes (LAI) 5 and soil thickness 500 mm for scenario three. January, March to July indicated significant differences (P≤0.05) between the treatments leaf area indexes (LAI) 2 and soil thickness 300 mm and leaf area indexes (LAI) 5 and soil depth of 300 mm recorded 26.32°C to 29.33°C for August and March respectively for scenario four. A soil depth of 500 mm and leaf area indexes (LAI) of 2 gave significantly (P≤0.05) low temperatures indoors all year (26.27 to 29.32°C) for scenario five and in August leaf area indexes (LAI) 5 and soil thickness of 500 mm recorded the least temperature all year for scenario six.
Conclusion: From the exploration, a soil depth of 70 mm – 150 mm and a LAI of 5, LAI of 5 and soil depth of 200 mm and LAI of 2 and soil depth of 500 mm achieved the lowest temperature and performed better in terms of temperature reduction which will lead to thermal comfort of occupants.
Protein Gel Phase Transition: Toward Superiorly Transparent and Hysteresis‐Free Wearable Electronics
Authors: Chang Qiang , He Yunfan , Liu Yuqing , Zhong Wen , Wang Quan , Lu Feng , Xing Malcolm 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe next generation of wearable electronics for health monitoring, Internet‐of‐Things system, “interface‐on‐invisible,” and green energy harvesting require electrically conductive material that is superiorly transparent, negligibly hysteretic, industrially feasible, and highly stretchable. The practical potential of ionic hydrogel is challenged with obvious hysteresis and a limited sensing range due to relative delamination and viscoelastic performance. Herein, a novel liquid conductor, termed as egg white liquid, is developed from self‐liquidation of egg white hydrogel, and the liquid not only inherits the designed architecture from a hydrogel predecessor but also achieves comparable conductivity (20.4 S m−1) to the ionic hydrogel and ultrahigh transparency (up to 99.8%) . Moreover, the 3D‐printed liquid–elastomer hybrid exhibits excellent conformability, remarkable sensitivity with negligible hysteresis (0.77%), and the capability of monitoring human motions and dynamic moduli is further demonstrated. The liquid nature inspires a gesture‐controlled touchless user interface for front‐end electronic systems. Furthermore, mechanical energy harvesting and pressure sensing are evidenced by exploiting this liquid conductor into a triboelectric nanogenerator. Notably, the as‐prepared liquid via subsequent phase transition possessing superior transparency, ultralow hysteresis, economic benefit, and unique liquid phase may potentially fuel the development of a new class of wearable electronics, human–machine interface, and clean energy.
A Novel Wide‐Bandgap Polymer with Deep Ionization Potential Enables Exceeding 16% Efficiency in Ternary Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liu Delong , Lau Tsz‐Ki , Zhan Lingling , Shen Dong , Fong Patrick W. K. , Yan Cenqi , Zhang Shaoqing , Lu Xinhui , Lee Chun‐Sing , Hou Jianhui , Chen Hongzheng , Li Gang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTernary strategies have attracted extensive attention due to their potential in improving power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of single‐junction polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this work, a novel wide bandgap polymer donor (Egopt ≈ 2.0 eV) named PBT(E)BTz with a deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level (≈−5.73 eV) is designed and synthesized. PBT(E)BTz is first incorporated as the third component into the classic PBDB‐T‐SF:IT‐4F binary PSC system to fabricate efficient ternary PSCs. A higher PCE of 13.19% is achieved in the ternary PSCs with a 5% addition of PBT(E)BTz over binary PSCs (12.14%). Similarly, addition of PBT(E)BTz improves the PCE for PBDB‐T:IT‐M binary PSCs from 10.50% to 11.06%. The study shows that the improved PCE in ternary PSCs is mainly attributed to the suppressed charge carrier recombination and more balanced charge transport. The generality of PBT(E)BTz as a third component is further evidenced in another efficient binary PSC system—PBDB‐TF:BTP‐4Cl: an optimized PCE of 16.26% is realized in the ternary devices. This work shows that PBT(E)BTz possessing a deep HOMO level as an additional component is an effective ternary PSC construction strategy toward enhancing device performance. Furthermore, the ternary device with 5% PBT(E)BTz displays better thermal and light stability over binary devices.
Multiarray Nanopattern Electronic Nose (E‐Nose) by High‐Resolution Top‐Down Nanolithography
Authors: Kang Hohyung , Cho Soo‐Yeon , Ryu Jin , Choi Junghoon , Ahn Hyunah , Joo Heeeun , Jung Hee‐Tae 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn electronic nose (E‐nose) is an artificial sensing device that mimics the human olfactory system using a multiarray sensor system. However, since the design and fabrication of multiarray sensing channels are significantly limited because of the requirement of time‐consuming and nonuniversal processes, the development of commercializable and high‐throughput fabrication approaches are critically required. Herein, high‐resolution top‐down lithography is developed for E‐nose fabrication for the first time. Five different metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) nanopattern channels (NiO, CuO, Cr2O3, SnO2, and WO3) are fabricated into multiarray sensors with high‐throughput using a unique lithographic approach that utilizes the sputtering of grains of the metals via low‐energy ion plasma bombardment. The nanopattern channels show i) high‐resolutions (15 nm scale), ii) high‐aspect‐ratios (11; 14 nm width and 150 nm height), and iii) ultrasmall grains (5.1 nm) with uniformity on a cm2 scale, resulting in high sensitivity toward the target analytes. The E‐nose system, which is composed of five MOS nanopattern channels, can successfully distinguish seven different hazardous analytes, including volatile organic compounds and nitrogen‐containing compounds. It is expected that this unique lithography approach can provide a simple and reliable method for commercializable channel fabrication, and the E‐noses can have further applications in real‐life situations.
Controlled Release of Stem Cell Secretome Attenuates Inflammatory Response against Implanted Biomaterials
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammadreza , Luong Jennifer Cam , Rodriguez Samuel Mathew , Cao Rui , Wheeler Ashlyn Elizabeth , Lau Hien , Li Shiri , Shabestari Sepideh Kiani , Chadarevian Jean Paul , Alexander Michael , de Vos Paul , Zhao Weian , Lakey Jonathan Robert Tod 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInflammatory response against implanted biomaterials impairs their functional integration and induces medical complications in the host's body. To suppress such immune responses, one approach is the administration of multiple drugs to halt inflammatory pathways. This challenges patient's adherence and can cause additional complications such as infection. Alternatively, biologics that regulate multiple inflammatory pathways are attractive agents in addressing the implants immune complications. Secretome of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is a multipotent biologic, regulating the homeostasis of lymphocytes and leukocytes. Here, it is reported that alginate microcapsules loaded with processed conditioned media (pCM‐Alg) reduces the infiltration and/or expression of CD68+ macrophages likely through the controlled release of pCM. In vitro cultures revealed that alginate can dose dependently induce macrophages to secrete TNFα, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and GM‐CSF. Addition of pCM to the cultures attenuates the secretion of TNFα (p = 0.023) and IL‐6 (p < 0.0001) by alginate or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulations. Mechanistically, pCM suppressed the NfκB pathway activation of macrophages in response to LPS (p < 0.0001) in vitro and cathepsin activity (p = 0.005) in response to alginate in vivo. These observations suggest the efficacy of using MSC‐derived secretome to prevent or delay the host rejection of implants.
Structured Perovskite Light Absorbers for Efficient and Stable Photovoltaics
Authors: He Tingwei , Jiang Yuanzhi , Xing Xiangyu , Yuan Mingjian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid lead‐halide perovskite materials (ABX3) have attracted widespread attention in the field of photovoltaics owing to their impressive optical and electrical properties. However, obstacles still exist in the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics, such as poor stability, hysteresis, and human toxicity. A‐site cation engineering is considered to be a powerful tool to tune perovskite structures and the resulting optoelectronic properties. Based on the selection and combination of A‐site cations, three types of perovskite structures, i.e., 3D perovskite, reduced‐dimensional (2D/quasi‐2D) perovskite, and 2D/3D hybrid perovskite can be formed. Herein, the remarkable breakthroughs resulting from these three perovskite structures are summarized, and their corresponding properties and characteristics, as well as their intrinsic disadvantages, are highlighted. By summarizing recent research progress, a new viewpoint for improving the performance and stability of perovskite photovoltaics is provided.