bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Implementation of a Diabetes Telemedicine Clinic During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: Our Protocol, Experience, and Satisfaction Reports in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Sofiani Mohammed E. , Alyusuf Ebtihal Y. , Alharthi Sahar , Alguwaihes Abdullah M. , Al-Khalifah Reem , Alfadda Assim 
Published: August 2020

Background: The importance of telemedicine in diabetes care became more evident during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as many people with diabetes, especially those in areas without well-established telemedicine, lost access to their health care providers (HCPs) during this pandemic. Subjects and Methods: We describe a simplified protocol of a Diabetes Telemedicine Clinic that utilizes technological tools readily available to most people with diabetes and clinics around the world. We report the satisfaction of 145 patients and 14 HCPs who participated in the virtual clinic and 210 patients who attended the virtual educational sessions about “Diabetes and Ramadan.” Results: The majority of patients agreed or strongly agreed that the use of telemedicine was essential in maintaining a good glucose control during the pandemic (97%) and they would use the clinic again in the future (86%). A similar high satisfaction was reported by patients who attended the “Diabetes and Ramadan” virtual educational session and 88% of them recommended continuing this activity as a virtual session every year. Majority of the HCPs (93%) thought the clinic protocol was simple and did not require a dedicated orientation session prior to implementing. Conclusions: The simplicity of our Diabetes Telemedicine Clinic protocol and the high satisfaction reported by patients and HCPs make it a suitable model to be adopted by clinics, especially during pandemics or disasters in resource-limited settings. This clinic model can be quickly implemented and does not require technological tools other than those widely available to most people with diabetes, nowadays. We were able to successfully reduce the number of patients, HCPs, and staff physically present in the clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic without negatively impacting the patients’ nor the HCPs’ satisfaction with the visits.
Viral Infections of the Upper Airway in the Setting of COVID-19: A Primer for Rhinologists
Authors: Yuen Erick , Gudis David A. , Rowan Nicholas R. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: August 2020

Background Viral respiratory tract infections are associated with a significant burden of disease and represent one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlights the devastating toll that respiratory viruses have on humanity and the desperate need to understand the biological characteristics that define them in order to develop efficacious treatments and vaccines. To date, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected nearly 600 times more people and resulted in 200 times more deaths relative to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) combined. Objective Through this review, we aim to summarize the key characteristics of respiratory viruses that hold global significance, with a focus on SARS-CoV-2. Our goal is to disseminate our current knowledge of these infectious agents to otolaryngologists, in particular rhinologists, practicing in the COVID-19 era. Methods The general and clinical characteristics of selected respiratory viruses along with available viral treatments and vaccines are reviewed. Results There has been significant progress in our understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of various respiratory viruses. However, despite the advancement in knowledge, efficacious vaccines and antiviral treatments remain elusive for most respiratory viruses. The dire need for these scientific discoveries is highlighted by the recent COVID-19 pandemic, which has prompted investigators worldwide to conduct clinical trials at an accelerated timeline in an effort to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rhinologists will continue to remain on the front-lines of pandemics associated with respiratory viruses. Conclusion In light of these unprecedented times, the need to understand the nuances of these viral respiratory pathogens, especially SARS-CoV-2, cannot be overemphasized. This knowledge base is of particular importance to otolaryngologists, whose expertise in the upper airway coincides with the anatomic tropism of these infectious agents.
Analysis of Temporal Changes in Dural Sac Morphology After XLIF Indirect Decompression
Authors: Kono Yutaka , Gen Hogaku , Sakuma Yoshio 
Published: August 2020

Study Design: Retrospective study. Objective: To investigate temporal changes in dural sac morphology after extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) indirect decompression for central lumbar spinal stenosis and to study the factors influencing the changes. Methods: The morphology of the dural sac was categorized into 4 grades (A, minor; B, moderate; C, severe; and D, extreme) by partially modifying Schizas classification (m-Schizas). The study involved 38 patients and 47 intervertebral spaces treated with indirect decompression (grade C or D). We evaluated m-Schizas before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at final follow-up. We performed a statistical analysis on the risk factors of grade C or D stenosis (poor morphological improvement) at final follow-up. The factors evaluated were preoperative dural sac cross-section area (CSA), diagnosis, cage size, location of cage insertion, locked facets, bony lateral recess stenosis, end plate injury, and changes in the posterior disc height (PDH) and disc angle (DA). Results: On morphological evaluation, improvement to grade A or B was seen in 10 intervertebral spaces (21.2%) immediately after the surgery, and improvement was achieved in 38 intervertebral spaces (80.8%) at final follow-up. The risk factor of poor morphological improvement was found to be small preoperative dural sac CSA (odds ratio 1.32, P < .002). Conclusions: After XLIF indirect decompression, the morphological improvement of the dural sac was remodeled with time and further expansion was seen in many patients. However, the study suggested that sufficient morphological improvement may not be achieved in spinal stenosis whose preoperative state is severe.
Three-Dimensional Printing for Preoperative Planning and Pedicle Screw Placement in Adult Spinal Deformity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lopez Cesar D. , Boddapati Venkat , Lee Nathan J. , Dyrszka Marc D. , Sardar Zeeshan M. , Lehman Ronald A. , Lenke Lawrence G. 
Published: August 2020

Study Design: Systematic review. Objectives: This current systematic review seeks to identify current applications and surgical outcomes for 3-dimensional printing (3DP) in the treatment of adult spinal deformity. Methods: A comprehensive search of publications was conducted through literature databases using relevant keywords. Inclusion criteria consisted of original studies, studies with patients with adult spinal deformities, and studies focusing on the feasibility and/or utility of 3DP technologies in the planning or treatment of scoliosis and other spinal deformities. Exclusion criteria included studies with patients without adult spinal deformity, animal subjects, pediatric patients, reviews, and editorials. Results: Studies evaluating the effect of 3DP drill guide templates found higher screw placement accuracy in the 3DP cohort (96.9%), compared with non-3DP cohorts (81.5%, P < .001). Operative duration was significant decreased in 3DP cases (378 patients, 258 minutes) relative to non-3DP cases (301 patients,272 minutes, P < .05). The average deformity correction rate was 72.5% in 3DP cases (245 patients). There was no significant difference in perioperative blood loss between 3DP (924.6 mL, 252 patients) and non-3DP cases (935.6 mL, 177 patients, P = .058). Conclusions: Three-dimensional printing is currently used for presurgical planning, patient and trainee communication and education, pre- and intraoperative guides, and screw drill guides in the treatment of scoliosis and other adult spinal deformities. In adult spinal deformity, the usage of 3DP guides is associated with increased screw accuracy and favorable deformity correction outcomes; however, average costs and production lead time are highly variable between studies.
Spine Surgery and COVID-19: The Influence of Practice Type on Preparedness, Response, and Economic Impact
Authors: Weiner Joseph A. , Swiatek Peter R. , Johnson Daniel J. , Louie Philip K. , Harada Garrett K. , McCarthy Michael H. , Germscheid Niccole , Cheung Jason P. Y. , Neva Marko H. , El-Sharkawi Mohammad , Valacco Marcelo , Sciubba Daniel M. , Chutkan Norman B. , An Howard S. , Samartzis Dino 
Published: August 2020

Study Design: Cross-sectional observational cohort study. Objective: To investigate preparation, response, and economic impact of COVID-19 on private, public, academic, and privademic spine surgeons. Methods: AO Spine COVID-19 and Spine Surgeon Global Impact Survey includes domains on surgeon demographics, location of practice, type of practice, COVID-19 perceptions, institutional preparedness and response, personal and practice impact, and future perceptions. The survey was distributed by AO Spine via email to members (n = 3805). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify differences between practice settings. Results: A total of 902 surgeons completed the survey. In all, 45.4% of respondents worked in an academic setting, 22.9% in privademics, 16.1% in private practice, and 15.6% in public hospitals. Academic practice setting was independently associated with performing elective and emergent spine surgeries at the time of survey distribution. A majority of surgeons reported a >75% decrease in case volume. Private practice and privademic surgeons reported losing income at a higher rate compared with academic or public surgeons. Practice setting was associated with personal protective equipment availability and economic issues as a source of stress. Conclusions: The current study indicates that practice setting affected both preparedness and response to COVID-19. Surgeons in private and privademic practices reported increased worry about the economic implications of the current crisis compared with surgeons in academic and public hospitals. COVID-19 decreased overall clinical productivity, revenue, and income. Government response to the current pandemic and preparation for future pandemics needs to be adaptable to surgeons in all practice settings.
Serum prolactin and CA 125 levels in uterine adenomyosis
Authors: Yorganci Ayçağ , Kadioğlu Nezaket , Gümgümcü Harika , Özyer Şebnem , Engin-Ustun Yaprak 
Published: August 2020

Objective: It is suggested that prolactin has a role in the pathogenesis of uterine adenomyosis. Besides, it is also reported that elevated cancer antigen 125 levels are related with this benign disorder. The aim of the study was to investigate serum prolactin and cancer antigen 125 levels in patients with adenomyosis. Methods: In this retrospective chart review study, data of patients with clinically diagnosed and histopathologically proven adenomyosis in hysterectomy specimens were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the ultrasonographically calculated preoperative uterine volume: Group 1 (n = 62): uterine volume ⩽240 cm3 (⩽12 gestational weeks) and Group 2 (n = 42): uterine volume >240 cm3 (>12 gestational weeks). Age, obstetric history, body mass index, preoperative hemoglobin, thyroid stimulating hormone, prolactin and cancer antigen 125 levels, and ultrasonographic findings were recorded. Preoperative prolactin and cancer antigen 125 values were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 104 patients were included in the study. No differences in the baseline characteristics were observed between the groups, except the number of pregnancies and miscarriages. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in terms of serum prolactin and cancer antigen 125 levels between the groups. Conclusion: Serum prolactin and cancer antigen 125 levels were not associated with uterine volume in patients with uterine adenomyosis.
Pseudohyperkalemia with concurrent tumor lysis syndrome in extreme leukocytosis: Diagnostic and management pitfalls
Authors: Tan Hui Zhuan , Choo Jason Chon Jun 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Pseudohyperkalemia is a well-described phenomenon in extreme leukocytosis and thrombocytosis. Clinical recognition can be challenging, especially in the setting of coexisting disorders known to cause true hyperkalemia. We present a case of pseudohyperkalemia occurring in tandem with tumor lysis syndrome and progressive kidney injury. Case description: A 74-year-old gentleman was diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia complicated by blast crisis. Investigations demonstrated an elevated potassium result which was initially attributed to tumor lysis syndrome and acute kidney injury. Further investigations revealed underlying pseudohyperkalemia, supported by the absence of classical electrocardiographic changes of hyperkalemia. Patient was subsequently initiated on kidney replacement therapy due to progressive kidney injury with anuria. Diagnosis and management of this phenomenon is discussed. Conclusion: Due to the potential for harm with erroneous treatment, physicians should develop an increased appreciation for the diagnostic and management pitfalls associated with pseudohyperkalemia in hematological conditions.
FcγRIIA expression accelerates nephritis and increases platelet activation in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Melki Imene , Allaeys Isabelle , Tessandier Nicolas , Mailhot Benoit , Cloutier Nathalie , Campbell Robert A. , Rowley Jesse W. , Salem David , Zufferey Anne , Laroche Audrée , Lévesque Tania , Patey Natalie , Rauch Joyce , Lood Christian , Droit Arnaud , McKenzie Steven E. , Machlus Kellie R. , Rondina Matthew T. , Lacroix Steve , Fortin Paul R. , Boilard Eric 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by deposits of immune complexes (ICs) in organs and tissues. The expression of FcγRIIA by human platelets, which is their unique receptor for immunoglobulin G antibodies, positions them to ideally respond to circulating ICs. Whereas chronic platelet activation and thrombosis are well-recognized features of human SLE, the exact mechanisms underlying platelet activation in SLE remain unknown. Here, we evaluated the involvement of FcγRIIA in the course of SLE and platelet activation. In patients with SLE, levels of ICs are associated with platelet activation. Because FcγRIIA is absent in mice, and murine platelets do not respond to ICs in any existing mouse model of SLE, we introduced the FcγRIIA (FCGR2A) transgene into the NZB/NZWF1 mouse model of SLE. In mice, FcγRIIA expression by bone marrow cells severely aggravated lupus nephritis and accelerated death. Lupus onset initiated major changes to the platelet transcriptome, both in FcγRIIA-expressing and nonexpressing mice, but enrichment for type I interferon response gene changes was specifically observed in the FcγRIIA mice. Moreover, circulating platelets were degranulated and were found to interact with neutrophils in FcγRIIA-expressing lupus mice. FcγRIIA expression in lupus mice also led to thrombosis in lungs and kidneys. The model recapitulates hallmarks of human SLE and can be used to identify contributions of different cellular lineages in the manifestations of SLE. The study further reveals a role for FcγRIIA in nephritis and in platelet activation in SLE.
Mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic approaches forNUP98-rearranged hematologic malignancies
Authors: Michmerhuizen Nicole L. , Klco Jeffery M. , Mullighan Charles G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNucleoporin 98 (NUP98) fusion oncoproteins are observed in a spectrum of hematologic malignancies, particularly pediatric leukemias with poor patient outcomes. Although wild-type full-length NUP98 is a member of the nuclear pore complex, the chromosomal translocations leading to NUP98 gene fusions involve the intrinsically disordered and N-terminal region of NUP98 with over 30 partner genes. Fusion partners include several genes bearing homeodomains or having known roles in transcriptional or epigenetic regulation. Based on data in both experimental models and patient samples, NUP98 fusion oncoprotein–driven leukemogenesis is mediated by changes in chromatin structure and gene expression. Multiple cofactors associate with NUP98 fusion oncoproteins to mediate transcriptional changes possibly via phase separation, in a manner likely dependent on the fusion partner. NUP98 gene fusions co-occur with a set of additional mutations, including FLT3–internal tandem duplication and other events contributing to increased proliferation. To improve the currently dire outcomes for patients with NUP98-rearranged malignancies, therapeutic strategies have been considered that target transcriptional and epigenetic machinery, cooperating alterations, and signaling or cell-cycle pathways. With the development of more faithful experimental systems and continued study, we anticipate great strides in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic vulnerabilities at play in NUP98-rearranged models. Taken together, these studies should lead to improved clinical outcomes for NUP98-rearranged leukemia.
Avelumab for the treatment of relapsed or refractory extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: an open-label phase 2 study
Authors: Kim Seok Jin , Lim Jing Quan , Laurensia Yurike , Cho Junhun , Yoon Sang Eun , Lee Ji Young , Ryu Kyung Ju , Ko Young Hyeh , Koh Youngil , Cho Duck , Lim Soon Thye , Enemark Marie Beck , D’Amore Francesco , Bjerre Mette , Ong Choon Kiat , Kim Won Seog 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of treatment with avelumab, an anti–programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody, in patients with relapsed or refractory extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL). In this phase 2 trial, 21 patients with relapsed or refractory ENKTL were treated with 10 mg/kg of avelumab on days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. The primary end point was the complete response (CR) rate based on the best response. Targeted sequencing and immunohistochemistry were performed using pretreatment tumor tissue, and blood samples were drawn before and after treatment for measurement of cytokines and soluble programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), PD-L1, and PD-L2. The CR rate was 24% (5 of 21), and the overall response rate was 38% (8 of 21). Although nonresponders showed early progression, 5 responders currently continue to receive treatment and have maintained their response. Most treatment-related adverse events were grade 1 or 2; no grade 4 adverse events were observed. Treatment responses did not correlate with mutation profiles, tumor mutation burden, serum levels of cytokines, or soluble PD1/PD-L1 and PD-L2. However, the response to avelumab was significantly associated with the expression of PD-L1 by tumor tissue (P = .001). Therefore, all patients achieving CR showed high PD-L1 expression, and their tumor subtyping based on PD-L1 expression correlated with treatment response. In summary, avelumab showed single-agent activity in a subset of patients with relapsed or refractory ENKTL. The assessment of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells might be helpful for identifying responders to avelumab. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03439501.
Transcriptional variation of sensory-related genes in natural populations of Aedes albopictus
Authors: Gomulski Ludvik M. , Manni Mosè , Carraretto Davide , Nolan Tony , Lawson Daniel , Ribeiro José M. , Malacrida Anna R. , Gasperi Giuliano 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Asian tiger mosquito,Aedes albopictus, is a highly dangerous invasive vector of numerous medically important arboviruses including dengue, chikungunya and Zika. In four decades it has spread from tropical Southeast Asia to many parts of the world in both tropical and temperate climes. The rapid invasion process of this mosquito is supported by its high ecological and genetic plasticity across different life history traits. Our aim was to investigate whether wild populations, both native and adventive, also display transcriptional genetic variability for functions that may impact their biology, behaviour and ability to transmit arboviruses, such as sensory perception.ResultsAntennal transcriptome data were derived from mosquitoes from a native population from Ban Rai, Thailand and from three adventive Mediterranean populations: Athens, Greece and Arco and Trento from Italy. Clear inter-population differential transcriptional activity was observed in different gene categories related to sound perception, olfaction and viral infection. The greatest differences were detected between the native Thai and the Mediterranean populations. The two Italian populations were the most similar.Nearly one million quality filtered SNP loci were identified.ConclusionThe ability to express this great inter-population transcriptional variability highlights, at the functional level, the remarkable genetic flexibility of this mosquito species. We can hypothesize that the differential expression of genes, including those involved in sensory perception, in different populations may enableAe. albopictusto exploit different environments and hosts, thus contributing to its status as a global vector of arboviruses of public health importance.The large number of SNP loci present in these transcripts represents a useful addition to the arsenal of high-resolution molecular markers and a resource that can be used to detect selective pressure and adaptive changes that may have occurred during the colonization process.
Tertiary lymphoid structure related B-cell IgE isotype switching and secondary lymphoid organ linked IgE production in mouse allergy model
Authors: Chudakov Dmitrii Borisovich , Ryasantsev Dmitrii Yuryevich , Tsaregorotseva Daria Sergeevna , Kotsareva Olga Dmitrievna , Fattakhova Gulnar Vaisovna , Svirshchevskaya Elena Viktorovna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Numerous data obtained by different research laboratories indicate that specific IgE production is triggered independently of specific IgG or IgA ones and so it is not linked to fully matured germinal centers formation in the secondary lymphoid organs. The aim of this study was to clarify whether specific IgE production is triggered by low antigen doses administrated in tertiary tissues enriched by lymphoid structures.

Methods
Ovalbumin (OVA) in different doses (100 ng to 10 μg) was administrated three times a week for 4–5 weeks intraperitoneally (i.p.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) to female BALB/c mice in the wither region which is enriched in fat-associated lymphoid clusters or in the foot pad region not containing them.

Results
OVA-specific IgE was predominantly induced by low but not high antigen doses and only after immunization into the withers. IgE isotype switching was triggered exclusively in the withers adipose tissue but not in the regional lymph nodes while mature IgE expressing cells were observed both in the withers and lymph nodes. Anti-proliferative genotoxic stress inducing drugs shifted the balance from IgG1 towards IgE production.

Conclusions
Tertiary lymphoid structures possess unique environment where B-cell antibody isotype switching to IgE predominantly occurs. This phenomenon is partially explained by hampered proliferation of B-cells in these structures.