bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postpartum Maternal Morbidity Requiring Hospital Admission in A Teaching Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shrestha Pravin , Mahato Vibha , Karmacharya Smita Shrestha 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Major concern shifts from mother to newborn in postnatal period. Postpartum complications contribute to a lot of maternal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the prevalence of morbidities in women following delivery at Manipal Teaching Hospital so as to identify and improve maternal quality care.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manipal Teaching Hospital from September 2018 to March 2020 after ethical approval from the institutional review committee with reference number 1296. All the women presenting to the department during the study period were included in the study. Women who were admitted to accompany and nurse their babies for neonatal problems were excluded.Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Data were entered in Excel and analysed in SPSS.
Results: Among 3510 cases, 104 women were admitted with various postpartum morbidities. The prevalence of postpartum morbidity was found to be 104 (2.96%) at 95% Confidence Interval (2.67-3.25). Puerperal sepsis was diagnosed in 23 (22.11%), preeclampsia in 20(19.23%) eclampsia in 14 (13.46%) and haemorrhage in 14 (13.46%) respectively. Majority of patients, 83.65% belonged to age group of 20-34 years. Nine patients (8.65%) were teenage mothers.
Conclusions: Puerperal sepsis, preeclampsia, eclampsia and haemorrhage were the major postpartum complications requiring admissions in hospital.
Prevalence of p-16 Positive Laryngeal and Pharyngeal Tumors in Nepalese Population: A Hospital based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gyawali Bigyan Raj , Acharya Kunjan , Sapkota Ravindra , Baskota Dharma Kanta , Sinha Bimal Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: P16 overexpression is considered as a good prognostic marker for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. However, there are very few literatures on the prevalence and outcomes of p16 overexpression in non-oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and benign head and neck tumors. The aim of our study was to estimate the hospital based prevalence of p16 positive laryngeal and pharyngeal tumors and to compare it with the prevalence of p16 expression in the non tumor tissue (tonsils).
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Cases of all genders >15 years presenting with malignant or benign tumors of larynx and all the subsites of pharynx were included in the study for evaluation of p16 expression by immunohistochemistry. Tonsillar tissue of cases undergoing tonsillectomy for recurrent acute tonsillitis were taken as non-tumorous tissue to evaluate for p16 expression.
Results: A total of 48 cases were included in our study with 24 cases having different tumors of head and neck region and 24 cases having recurrent acute tonsillitis who were kept under non-tumor group. Eight cases (33.3%) in the tumor group showed positive stain for p16 in IHC. In non tumor group, 7 cases (29.1%) showed positive IHC staining for p16.
Conclusions: P16 expression can be present in both benign and malignant tumors of various subsites of head and neck region and also in tonsillar tissue affected by inflammation.
Spectrum of Injury Presenting to Emergency Department in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Thapa Sameer , Upreti Anup Raj , Dawadi Bishow Raj 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Injury is one of the major global public health problems causing significant number of death and disability. The study aims to study the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients presented in emergency department with injury.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital from September 2019 to February 2020 after obtaining ethical approval from Institutional review board (reference number 007-076/077). A convenient sampling method was applied. Epidemiological factors, chronological factors, causes of injury, anatomical distribution, pattern of injury were studied. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for the social sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Out of 197 patients, 72 (36.5%) patients had fall followed by road traffic accident 57 (28.9%). Of total, 80 (40.6%) had injury at home and 80 (40.6%) had cut injury. Head and neck accounted for 66 (33.5%) of total injury followed by upper Extremities 50 (25.4%) and lower extremities 47 (23.9%). Eighty-seven (44.2%) of the patients visited emergency within 30 minutes of sustained injury.
Conclusions: The top three leading causes of injuries visiting emergency department were: fall, Road Traffic Accident and physical assaults respectively. The most common mode was fall being cut as most common pattern. Head and neck was the most commonest site of injury. The common place of injury was home.
Right Ventricular Dimensions and Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion among Medical Students of Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Poudel Nimesh , Bhattarai Mahesh , Bhatt Laxmi Raj , Karki Dambar Bahadur 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The change in morphology and functions of the right ventricle is an important predictor of heart and lung disease. There is limited data on the normal dimension of the right ventricle. The study aimed to find the right ventricular diameter, its thickness, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion in healthy male medical students of a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in healthy medical students of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, from February-April, 2019. Ethical approval was taken from the institutional review committee (reference number 120720193). Convenient sampling method was used. We measured various dimensions of the right ventricle in different views. The data was analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.
Results: In the 96 male students included in the study, the mean right ventricular basal diameter was 36.45±3.49 mm, right ventricular mid cavity diameter was 29±3.63 mm, right ventricular longitudinal dimension was 65.72±7.52 mm, right ventricular outflow tract in parasternal long-axis view was 27.07±2.12 mm, proximal and distal right ventricular outflow in parasternal short-axis view was 25.33±2.57 mm and 20.08±1.99 mm, right ventricular thickness was 4.20±0.54 mm, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion was 23.02±3.54 mm.
Conclusions: The study found that the values of right ventricular dimensions and the right ventricle's tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion among male medical students of a tertiary care hospital to be in accordance with the guidelines by the American Society of Echocardiography. The upper limits of the normal values of the right ventricle could be very helpful in clinical practice in determining the right ventricle dimension.
Prevalence of Repeat Cesarean Section in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sharma Jyotshna , Tiwari Sanjeeb , M Padhye Saraswati , Mahato Bidya 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Cesarean section is the surgical delivery of a baby through an incision made in the mother's abdomen and uterus. Repeat cesarean section has recently increased, partly because of concern about increased risk of uterine rupture in women attempting vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Among the women who underwent cesarean section in their first delivery, 80-96% had a second surgical delivery. Therefore, the present study aimed to describe the prevalence of repeat cesarean section among Nepali women presented at Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital who had a previous cesarean section.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital from 1st of February to 31st of May 2020. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of the Kathmandu Medical College. Convenient sampling was done. All pregnant patients between gestational ages of 37-40 weeks with previous cesarean section admitted for safe confinement were included in the study.

Results: Among the 104 women, who had prior cesarean section, 99 (95.19%) had second cesarean section and 5 (4.81%) had vaginal birth after cesarean. The most common indication for the first cesarean section was fetal distress 31 (29.81%) while the indication for the second cesarean section among previously cesarean section women was cephalo pelvic disproportion 39 (39.40%).

Conclusions: The proportion of cesarean section in both first and subsequent delivery is quite high. This high rate may compromise the reproductive future of the women who underwent consecutive cesarean section with possible consequent complications.
Ringer’s Lactate Hydration and Incidence of Post ERCP Pancreatitis: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Pun Ashis , Dhungana Amit , Neupane Dipendra 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is one of the most frequently used treatment modality for various pancreatobiliary problems. Frequent complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography include pancreatitis, cholangitis, hemorrhage and perforation. This study was done to see the prevalence of post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in patient aggressively hydrated with Ringer’s Lactate solution.
Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out on patient undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at Bharatpur Hospital from June 2018 to August 2020. Ethical clearance was taken from Institutional Review Committee Bharatpur Hospital (reference number 16/076/77). The convenient sampling method was applied. Data were collected and analyzed in statistical package for the social sciences version 16. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Pain abdomen was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale and it was found that 8.1% of patients (15 patients) complained of pain abdomen with visual analogue scale> 3. Serum amylase was sent only in those patients who complained of pain abdomen and only in three patients (1.6%) serum amylase was increased more than 3 times the upper limit of normal value suggestive of pancreatitis. All three patients who had pancreatitis had precut sphincterotomy.
Conclusions: In this study we found that incidence of pancreatitis slumped after aggressive hydration with Ringer’s lactate solution and adjunct use of other prophylactic measures for prevention of post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis might yield further better results.
Mental Wellbeing during the Lockdown Period following the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shrestha Carmina , Ghimire Calvin , Acharya Sajan , KC Prabhat , Singh Swarndeep , Sharma Pawan 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected all aspects of society, including mental and physical health. Often missed is the fact that the pandemic is occurring against the backdrop of a very high prevalence of mental health issues. Protecting the mental health of people and healthcare workers is important for long-term positive health outcomes and proper control of the outbreak.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, online survey by convenience sampling. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review committee of Nepal Health Research Council (reference no. 2467). Open access, pre-validated questionnaires were used. Participants with significantly poor Mental wellbeing were identified using the WHO well-being index threshold score. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out.
Results: Five hundred and fifty-six participants were included in the analysis. Forty percent of the participants reported a WHO well-being index score of below 13, indicative of poor mental wellbeing and a need for further assessment for depression. Poor Mental wellbeing was more prevalent among participants less than 30 years of age, female gender, never married, diagnosed mental disorder, living alone and those using informal sources for COVID-19 related information. More participants with lower sleep quality score and higher perceived stress score reported poor Mental wellbeing.
Conclusions: Combating this challenge requires integration across disciplines. One potential part of the solution is psychological intervention teams. An emerging positive connotation to the pandemic is that it needs to be harnessed as a tool for improving health facilities, community participation, and fighting misinformation.
Medical Induction for Mid trimester Abortion: A Hospital-based Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sharma Jyotshna , Tiwari Sanjeeb , Pokhrel Manoj , Lama Lhakpa 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Second trimester abortion is known as termination of pregnancy from 13- 28 weeks of gestation which can be further divided into early second trimester as 13-22 weeks and late as 23-28 weeks. In our study we have limited up to early second trimester. We intend to see the success rate of combination of mifepristone and misoprostol for medical induction, median time required for expulsion, complication and need of dilation and evacuation in some cases. This study also aims to give a review of current literature in mid trimester abortion with respect to efficacy, complication and also to provide evidencebase recommendation for safe regimens for mid trimester pregnancy termination.
Methods: This was hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 40 pregnant women at second trimester admitted for termination of pregnancy in Kathmandu medical collage teaching hospital for the period of six month. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College (Ref: 2207202002). Convenient sampling was done. All the pregnant women who need to terminate their pregnancy at second trimester (13-22 weeks) were admitted at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching hospital for termination of pregnancy were included in the study.
Results: Among the 40 women, who had termination of pregnancy at second trimester 37 (92.5%) had successful medical termination whereas 3 (7.5%) needed dilatation and evacuation.
Conclusions: The combination of Mifepristone and Misoprostol have excellent result for termination of pregnancy if appropriately used after evaluating the patient with minimal complications.
Functional Outcome Estimation of Bimalleolar Ankle Fractures Treated by Open Reduction and Internal Fixation at a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dwivedi Rajeev , Karki Ankit , Bhattarai Roshan , Rijal Badri 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Ankle fractures account for about 9% of all fractures in adults. Open reduction and internal fixation is the preferred treatment for such injuries. However, surgery is not free of complications, and outcomes following surgery are not always satisfactory. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the functional outcomes of bimalleolar ankle fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation.
Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out at a tertiary care center in the western region of Nepal among the patients with bimalleolar ankle fractures from March 2017 to August 2020 after approval from the Institutional review committee. Convenience sampling was done to reach the sample size. Twenty-nine cases were included in the study. Data were recorded in proforma and data analysis was done in the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 16.0). The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-handfoot score was used to assess the final outcome.
Results: At the final evaluation mean AOFAS ankle-handfoot score score was 89.86 (±7.95). According to the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score, there were 19 excellent (65.51%), six good (20.68%), and four fair (13.79%) results. Complications in the form of superficial infection were seen in four (13.79%) cases.
Conclusions: Functional outcomes following surgical treatment of bimalleolar ankle fractures are mostly excellent to good and complications following surgery are few, therefore, surgery is a better option of treatment in bimalleolar ankle fractures.
Marketing You
Authors: Jordan Joy Cantrell 
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this Florida 4-H Recognition Portfolio is to help you review and reflect on your previous 4-H experiences, recognize the skills and accomplishments you have acquired from these activities and learn to market yourself as a result of these experiences. Printed January 1994. Revised August 2002.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/4h165
Retrofitting a Traditional In-ground Sprinkler Irrigation System for Microirrigation of Landscape Plants
Authors: Haman Dorota Z. , Dukes Michael D. , Park-Brown Sydney G. 
Published: November 2020

This document is ABE324, one of a series of the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published October 2002.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae222
Estate Planning
Authors: Turner Josephine , Mitchell Vervil 
Published: November 2020

This document is FCS 7027, one of a series of the Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: September 2002. First published: July 1978. Revised: September 2002.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy446
Beet Armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Capinera John L. 
Published: November 2020

This document is EENY-105, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: July 1999.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in262
Protective Eyewear for Pesticide Applicators
Authors: Bultemeier Brett 
Published: November 2020

Protective eyewear is one of the most essential pieces of PPE an applicator can utilize when it is required. This new 3-page publication of the UF/IFAS Pesticide Information Office discusses the types of protective eyewear and how best to select and maintain these particular pieces of PPE. Written by Brett Bultemeier. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pi287
KARAKTERISTIK ORGANOLEPTIK FLAVOR ALAMI DARI AIR REBUSAN KEPALA IKAN TONGKOL (Euthynnus affinis)
Authors: Pardede Devi Elizabet , Devi Febrianti  , R Marwita Sari Putri  
Published: November 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui formulasi terbaik pada pembuatan flavor pasta dan bubuk alami dari air rebusan kepala ikan tongkol (Euthynnus affinis). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode eksperimental,dengan lima perlakuan penambahan kepala ikan tongkol sebanyak 23 %, 24 %, 25 %, 26 %, dan 27 %. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian yaitu uji organoleptik (uji hedonik). Kemudian di analisis menggunakan SPSS 25 untuk memperoleh perlakuan terbaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa flavor pasta yang diberikan perlakuan berbeda menunjukan tidak adanya pengaruh yang nyata (P>5%) terhadap tingkat kesukaan panelis. Hasil penelitian uji hedonik panelis terhadap penampakan, warna, aroma dan rasa flavor kepala ikan tongkol dengan perlakuan penambahan kepala ikan tongkol yang paling disukai adalah perlakuan 26%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa flavor bubuk limbah dari kepala ikan tongkol terbaik yaitu pada perlakuan P5 dengan konsentrasi kepala ikan tongkol 27%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bubuk flavor yang diberikan perlakuan berbeda menunjukan adanya pengaruh yang nyata (P<5%) terhadap tingkat kesukaan panelis.
Research on Products with the Feel of "Moe" Based on User's Cognitive Psychology
Authors: Zhong Wanheng 
Published: November 2020

In the current society, "Moe" has become a new trend of best-selling products. The young user groups, especially the female users, are more inclined to choose "cute" products for their aesthetics. "Moe" is not only a sense of resonance that arises because of certain characteristics of things, but also some characteristics that make people have protective desires, stimulate people's childlike innocence, produce good feelings and love for them, and satisfy people's self-realization of young things, the need for value, and the need for aesthetics about cute and beautiful things. From the perspective of user’s cognitive psychology, this paper summarized the concept of "Moe", and discussed how "Moe" resonates with users and affects users' expectations. By comparing various types of robots and child robots in case studies, how “Moe” produces an impact based on the user's cognitive psychology was summed up. And this article demonstrated that products with a strong feel of "Moe" in the appearance meet the aesthetic needs of users, and are more likely to have empathy with users, which has an important impact on reducing the user expectations.
Una aproximación al contenido de las responsabilidad social desde la perspectiva Jurídica
Authors: Bardel Daniela 
Published: November 2020

TÍTULO: El contenido de la responsabilidad social desde la perspectiva jurídica.

RESUMEN: En el presente trabajo se analiza el contenido de la responsabilidad social (RS) desde una perspectiva jurídica y específicamente aplicado a las personas jurídicas del Derecho Privado. Para ello nos planteamos dos objetivos, de un lado delinear los caracteres generales que presenta el contenido, porque de ello se deriva la relación con el sistema jurídico. De otro lado, establecer el contenido mediante el análisis de un supuesto de aplicación de la RS, como es el caso de la cadena de suministro.
La metodología utilizada parte del marco de la Teoría Trialista del Derecho -desarrollada por Werner Goldschmidt- y se basa en el análisis del contenido que establecen las principales fuentes de la RS, esto es los códigos de conducta surgidos de organismos internacionales, los códigos de conducta unilaterales y los acuerdos marco transnacionales (AMT). Los datos serán tomados de fuentes indirectas que arrojan resultados en base a estudios de tipo empírico. Asimismo, nos valemos de doctrina jurídica e investigaciones de otras disciplinas.
En conclusión el estudio del contenido de la RS revela que el mismo lejos de significar que la materia es <<ajurídica>> demuestra que es producto de una “laguna” en el sistema jurídico transnacional.