bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Decision-Making Framework for Incorporating Economic and Environmental Factors in the Low Carbon-Oriented Design of Pipelines
Authors: Liu Chunying , Xu Bin , Li Lichao , Zhang Bo , Liao Qi , Liang Yongtu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Pipelines are the main transportation mode of oil products, as well as the potential transportation mode of biofuel. The rational design of pipelines determines the efficiency, economy and sustainability of pipeline scheduling in the future. In the past, the research on the optimal design of multi-product pipelines has primarily focused on the construction cost, while seldom considered the impact of carbon emissions on the environment over the pipeline lifespan and the influence of resulting carbon taxes on design schemes. With the growing awareness of environmental protection, the total carbon emissions during the pipeline life and the corresponding carbon taxes have become focal points in pipeline design. Moreover, most of previous work only focused on the pipeline parameters while ignoring the integrated optimization of batch volume and batch numbers, which strongly affect economic cost and carbon emissions during a pipe life cycle.
To avoid these drawbacks, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed to minimize the total economic cost and carbon taxes in the pipeline life simultaneously. To make it closer to reality, we account for actual process and technical constraints that include pipe construction, pump stations layout, pipeline hydraulic, batch volume and number, and distribution technology of delivery station. Finally, based on the forecast demand of refined products in a certain region of China, the model is successfully applied to a real multi-product pipeline in China. The applicability and sensitivity analysis of the model is illustrated in the case. The results show that the model can get a series of schemes for decision-makers to select in short time, and minimize the pipeline construction cost and the impact of carbon emissions on the environment.
A Novel Strain Capacity Prediction Model of Girth Welded Joints of High-Grade Steel Pipeline Via Machine Learning Techniques and Refined FE Model
Authors: Liu Xiaoben , Zhang Dong , Zhang Haonan , Feng Qingshan , Wang Dongying , Wang Chong , Yang Yue , Zhang Hong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In recent years, incidents of fracture failure in girth welds of high-grade steel pipelines have been increasingly frequent, posing a serious threat to the safe operation of these pipelines. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct a comprehensive study on the ultimate strain capacity of pipeline girth welds. The study establishes a three-dimensional finite element simulation model for the crack driving force of the girth weld using ABAQUS, employing parametric programming to quantitatively assess the influence of material properties, geometric structure, and load parameters on the crack driving force. Via parameterized calculation and processing of Python programs and parallel computing, a database of girth weld crack driving forces with 21870 samples is constructed. Additionally, a regression prediction model for the crack propagation driving force of full-size pipeline girth welds considering the influence of multiple factors is established by using neural network technology. The results of Charpy impact tests (CVN value) serve as the fracture toughness, enabling the determination of the ultimate strain capacity of the pipeline girth weld. The model was verified by the verification data of full-scale test and wide plate test. The relative error between the experimental value and the predicted value is basically below 15 %. Comparative analysis with the evaluation results of internationally recognized strain capacity prediction models (PRCI-CRES & Exxon Mobil) reveals that the prediction model proposed in this study achieves a minimal average relative error. These research findings provide valuable insights for the design and safety assessment of girth welds of high-grade steel pipelines, and further ensure the safe operation of pipelines.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Failure Criterion of Girth Welds With I-II Mixed Mode Crack Considering Crack Tip Constraint Effect
Authors: Yang Yue , Zhang Hong , Zhang Han , Zhang Dong , Chen Pengchao , Yan Bingchuan , Wang Hao , Liu Xiaoben 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In practical engineering scenarios, the establishment of a robust fracture criterion for girth welds featuring mixed mode cracks has become pivotal for ensuring pipeline safety. To account for the influence of shear deformation of micro-voids, the shear-modified Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model for girth welds was determined. Compact-tensile-shear (CTS) tests, employing digital image correlation technology, were conducted to analyze the I-II mixed mode fracture behavior. The area enclosed by the plastic strain contour (Ap) at the crack tip was utilized to characterize the constraint state of the crack tip, while the J-integral was employed to characterize the crack fracture parameters. Employing finite element numerical calculations, the study analyzed the effects of load parameter, material damage parameters, material mechanical properties parameters, and size parameters on resistance curve of I-II mixed mode cracks, and crack tip constraint state of CTS samples. Furthermore, a linear correlation between the constraint state and the fracture toughness of CTS samples was established. Leveraging a neural network regression prediction algorithm, a data-driven prediction model for the fracture toughness of girth welds with I-II mixed mode cracks was proposed. This research serves as a valuable reference and guide for the analysis of fracture behavior and safety evaluation of pipeline girth welds with I-II mixed mode cracks.
Solving the Complexity of Hard Spots by Understanding Their Origin
Authors: Eiken Thomas , Molenda Daniel , Edwards Jason 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The level of industry knowledge concerning hard spots has increased exponentially over the years. It is now well understood that hard spots are localized changes in microstructure that can take many physical forms, depending on a combination of variables such as steel chemistry and steel manufacturing processes. They can have a range of microstructures, different morphologies in terms of shape, and different hardness profiles, all of which influences the assessment of hard spots using nondestructive methods like in-line inspection (ILI).
The first incarnations of ILI for assessment of hard spots were developed using pull tests with artificially produced hard spots. This was because, until recently, there was limited access to real anomalies that had been removed from service. Despite the fact that more hard spots have been removed from service and can be used for development, the need for artificial hard spots for pull testing and development of ILI performance specifications still exists. Recreating hard spots that accurately represent the anomalies that are present in vintage pipe (pre-1970s) remains a challenge.
The increased level of knowledge about the different types of hard spots that now exists has provided a basis for creating representative anomalies. ROSEN developed a laboratory approach to create artificial anomalies that can be used in combination with the continually expanding set of field validation data to improve the assessment capabilities of ILI in terms of POD, POI, and sizing. This paper presents the work done in developing artificial hard spots for use in pull testing and laboratory research and the detailed investigation of different ILI measurement techniques (high and low magnetization in combination with eddy currents and geometry channels) to optimize the detection, identification, surface discrimination (internal/external), and sizing of different types of hard spots.
Emancipatory social work: An anticapitalist perspective
Authors: Ballantyne Neil 
Published: December 2024

The global definition of social work, as articulated by the International Federation of Social Workers, states that social work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that, amongst other things, promotes the empowerment and liberation of people. The knowledge base for social work has a rich history of different theoretical perspectives, frameworks and practice models that have attempted to highlight key aspects of human oppression, discrimination and marginalisation and tease out the implications for social work practice in these domains. These approaches have included anti-discriminatory practice, anti-oppressive practice, anti-racist practice, and feminist and empowerment perspectives. In the same tradition, this paper draws on the work of US analytical Marxist sociologist, Eric Olin Wright to consider how his concept of emancipatory social science could be harnessed by social work practitioners, researchers and policymakers to advance human emancipation and what this might mean in different practice domains. The article will focus primarily on a close reading of two of Olin Wright’s publications–Envisioning Real Utopias and How to Be an Anticapitalist in the 21st Century. The article argues for the value of emancipation over empowerment as a concept to convey an authentic commitment to human liberation. It also considers the implications of emancipatory social work for relationships with service users in the context of anti-capitalist struggle and discusses the ramifications for decolonising social work practice in a settler colonial state.
RSV explorations: using a case series focused on a single microbe to connect concepts across an undergraduate microbiology course
Authors: Tremaglio Chadene , Dube Derek 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

The ASM Curriculum Guidelines recommend that undergraduate microbiology courses should cover a wide variety of content ideally utilizing active learning approaches, which promote participation and enhance student success. However, in content-heavy courses, it can be easier to revert to traditional lecture-based teaching. Here, we describe a case series designed to increase student engagement and connect course concepts by exploring a single microbe in the context of different learning objectives. In this case series, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is used due to its fascinating history, well-described biology, and current clinical relevance, as well as recently described advances in creating a vaccine for RSV. This four-part case series can be embedded across several units of a general microbiology course as individual “explorations,” and employs multiple, evidence-based pedagogical approaches including case-based learning, engaging with primary literature, jigsaw strategy, analysis of real-world data sets, and whole-class discussion. Each exploration is designed to cover or expand on key concepts in microbiology, including milestones in the history of the field, Koch’s postulates and the germ theory of disease, the discovery of viruses, virus structure and replication, clinical epidemiology, and vaccines. Throughout the course, students work individually, in pairs, and in small groups to complete the activities, which take place predominantly during class. Student feedback indicates that they enjoy these activities as an alternative to traditional lecturing. This case series enables students to build connections between course concepts, assemble higher-order thinking about diverse topics in Microbiology, and apply their learning to real-world examples and scenarios.
Aquatic circoviruses: emerging pathogens in global aquaculture — from discovery to disease management
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Guo Changjun , He Jianguo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

The expansion of global aquaculture has brought challenges from emerging pathogens, resulting in disease-related production losses across various regions. Among these pathogens, aquatic circoviruses—small, single-stranded DNA viruses initially detected in barbel (
Barbus barbus
)—have now been identified in multiple aquaculture species. These viruses have been associated with various clinical manifestations in economically important fish, crustacean, and mollusk species, including acute hemorrhage syndrome, which has shown mortality rates up to 95% in controlled laboratory infections of turbot. This review consolidates current knowledge on aquatic circoviruses, focusing on their genetic diversity, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management strategies. The analysis encompasses observed host range patterns, documented instances of cross-species transmission, and evolutionary characteristics, such as host-specific clustering and recombination events. Research gaps are highlighted, particularly in understanding viral pathogenic mechanisms, host–pathogen interactions, and their ecological roles within aquatic ecosystems. We evaluate recent advances in diagnostic methods, including targeted vaccine design and RNA interference technology. The review outlines future research priorities, including elucidating cross-species transmission potential, developing effective treatments, and assessing the full economic impact of these viruses on aquaculture. By providing a comprehensive overview, this review aims to guide future research efforts and inform strategies to mitigate the impact of circoviruses on aquaculture sustainability.
FSTL1 and TLR4 interact with PEDV structural proteins to promote virus adsorption to host cells
Authors: Liu Chunyun , Kong Ning , Liu Hailong , Zhang Yu , Qin Wenzhen , Zhao Wenli , Yang Xinyu , Wang Yahe , Cao Xinyu , Liu Tian , Liu Yuchang , Sun He , Tong Wu , Yu Hai , Zheng Hao , Lan Daoliang , Xie Shengsong , Tong Guangzhi , Shan Tongling 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Infection with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) results in enormous economic damage to the global swine industry. PEDV starts its life cycle by binding to the receptors of host cells and adsorbing onto the cellular surfaces. However, it is still unknown how PEDV adsorbs onto the surface of host cells and the mechanism beneath the interplay of host cell transmembrane protein with PEDV proteins. FSTL1, which is a secreted glycoprotein, participates in diverse pathological and physiological processes, including immune modulation and cell proliferation and differentiation. The transmembrane protein, TLR4, serves as a pattern recognition receptor recognizing a broad spectrum of pathogens, which exerts a crucial effect on the host immune system. In this study, we identified that FSTL1 promoted PEDV infection. Further studies demonstrated the interactive relationship between FSTL1 and PEDV structural proteins (N and S2). In addition, we also confirmed that TLR4 interacted with FSTL1 and PEDV N, S1, and S2 proteins on the cell surface. Moreover, FSTL1 promoted the interaction of TLR4 and PEDV and induced viral adsorption to host cells. This study offers explicit evidence that FSTL1 and TLR4 act as mediators for host cell adsorption of PEDV by interacting with PEDV N/S proteins.

IMPORTANCE
As a highly infectious porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-induced intestinal condition of swine, porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) results in a 100% death rate among suckling piglets and poses a serious economic burden to global swine farming. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the mechanism of virus infection, replication, and proliferation. Virus begins its life cycle by binding to the receptor of host cells and adsorbing onto the cellular surfaces. However, it remains unclear how PEDV adsorbs onto the host cell surfaces. This study revealed that host protein FSTL1 interacted with the PEDV N and S2 proteins, while TLR4 interacted with the FSTL1 and PEDV proteins (N, S1, and S2). Moreover, we thoroughly and methodically demonstrated that FSTL1 was engaged in the PEDV internalization and attachment processes by promoting the recognition of PEDV N\S proteins by TLR4 and induced the viral adsorption to host cells.
Exploring the functional diversity and metabolic activities of the human gut microbiome in Thai adults in response to a prebiotic diet
Authors: Kingkaw Amornthep , Patumcharoenpol Preecha , Suratannon Narissara , Nakphaichit Massalin , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Vongsangnak Wanwipa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Exploring dietary methods to alter microbial communities and metabolic functions is becoming an increasingly fascinating strategy for improving health. Copra meal hydrolysate (CMH) is alternatively used as a gut health supplement. However, the functional diversity and metabolic activities in gut microbiome in relation to CMH treatment remain largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to identify key predominant groups of bacterial species toward diversified metabolic functions, activities, and routes using metaproteomics. As a result, the integrative analysis of metaproteomic data revealed that seven key families across 11 dominant gut bacterial species were concerted. Consistently, across 76,206 proteins assigned to the metabolism of the 255,964 annotated proteins, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) biosynthesis, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis, and bile acid (BA) metabolism were positively associated with CMH. Further identification of cooperative metabolic routes promisingly highlighted the importance of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, inositol phosphate metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, O-antigen repeat unit biosynthesis, and chloroalkane and chloroalkene degradation. This work presents an initial study of metaproteomics associated with prebiotic diet in a Thai population-based cohort in a developing Southeast Asian country.

IMPORTANCE
Studies primarily focused on the impact of CMH on gastrointestinal symptoms and gut microbial compositions. However, as the field moves toward understanding the relationship between microbiome and diet in relation to gut health, it is critical to evaluate how changes in metabolic activities relate to cooperative metabolic routes in the gut microbiome for promoting human health. Through the use of metaproteomics, our findings highlighted the key predominant groups of bacterial species, potential proteins, and their metabolic routes involved in gut metabolism. This study provides comprehensive insights into the fundamental relationship between microbiome and dietary supplements and suggests that metaproteomics is a powerful method for monitoring metabolic functions, activities, and routes in the gut microbiome.
Managing preschool wheeze: a qualitative study of parents’ views and experiences
Authors: Mohammed Abdul Wajid Lubna , Saglani Sejal , Nagakumar Prasad , Heath Gemma 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore parents’ views and experiences of managing preschool wheeze, including opinions on the use of investigations to inform treatment pathways.DesignPurposive sampling was used to recruit 16 participants from 14 families across England and Wales. Qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews with parents of children aged 1–5 years with preschool wheeze, conducted on Microsoft (MS) Teams. Data were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis, facilitated by NVivo software package.ResultsAnalysis generated four themes: (1) pathway to diagnosis, (2) medication management, (3) living with preschool wheeze and (4) improving preschool wheeze healthcare. Findings suggest a negative impact of preschool wheeze on families’ lives, including high levels of worry and limiting capacity for work and travel. Barriers to effective management of preschool wheeze included inconsistent terminologies and diagnostic uncertainty alongside limited education and management support. Other barriers included parental concerns about medications, delayed investigations and challenges with accessing specialist care. Parents were in favour of performing investigations to guide treatment pathways.ConclusionParents’ views highlight the problem of diagnosing and treating preschool wheeze at multiple system levels. To improve management and ensure that services for children with preschool wheeze are effective, there is an urgent need for consistent terminology, a unified approach to guide investigations and treatments and for upskilling healthcare professionals in primary and secondary care.
Number of macula optical coherence tomography scans needed to detect glaucoma progression
Authors: Mahmoudinezhad Golnoush , Moghimi Sasan , Latif Kareem , Brye Nicole , Walker Evan , Nishida Takashi , Du Kelvin H , Gunasegaran Gopikasree , Wu Jo-Hsuan , Liebmann Jeffrey M , Fazio Massimo A , Girkin Christopher A , Zangwill Linda M , Weinreb Robert N 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundTo evaluate the impact of testing frequency on the time required to detect statistically significant glaucoma progression for ganglion cell complex (GCC) with optical coherence tomography (OCT).Materials and methodsFrom multicentre glaucoma registries, 332 eyes of 201 glaucoma patients were enrolled over an average of 4.4 years. Patients with 4 or more OCT tests were selected to calculate the longitudinal rates of GCC thickness change over time by linear regression. A computer simulation was then used to generate real-world GCC data and assess the time required to detect progression at different loss rates and testing frequencies based on variability estimates. Time and accuracy to detect worsening of progression were calculated.ResultsAs testing frequency increased, the time required to detect a statistically significant negative GCC slope decreased, but not proportionally. All eyes with a GCC loss of −1 µm/year progressed after 3.8, 2.6 and 2.2 years on average when testing was conducted one, two and three times per year, respectively. For eyes with a GCC loss of −1.5 µm/year, progression was identified after 3.3, 2.2, and 1.8 years on average, respectively.ConclusionIncreasing the frequency of macular OCT testing to three times per year more sensitively detects progression compared with two times per year. However, two times per year testing may be sufficient in clinical settings to detect progression and also to reduce the healthcare burden.Trial registration numbersNCT00221897,NCT00221923.
Association between birth weight and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the UK Biobank: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Luo Pengfei , He Jialiu , Wan Xinglin , Li Mengxia , Zhu Zheng , Chen Lulu , Hang Dong , Su Jian , Tao Ran , Zhou Jinyi , Fan Xikang 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundBirth weight has been reported to be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adulthood, but the results have not yet been determined. This study aims to analyse the potential association of birth weight with COPD risk in UK Biobank.MethodsWe conducted a prospective analysis for participants without baseline COPD in UK Biobank. The HRs and 95% CIs were calculated by multivariable Cox regression models, and dose-response relationship was evaluated by restricted cubic splines. Besides, we also calculated the interactions for covariates and further analysed the joint effects.ResultsA total of 251 172 participants with birth weight data were included in this study, and 5602 COPD cases were found during follow-up. According to Cox regression models, participants with the lowest quintile of birth weight (< 2.86 kg) had higher risk for COPD (HR=1.21, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.32). In addition, the dose‒response analysis showed a non-linear relationship between birth weight and COPD risk, which first decreased and then increased, and the interactions for age, passive smoking and maternal smoking were also found by stratified analysis. Furthermore, we also found the joint effects between COPD risk and maternal smoking in the lowest quintile group.ConclusionsThis study indicated that lower birth weight may increase the risk of COPD. The non-linear associations between birth weight and COPD risk for prospective cohort; as birth weight increased, the risk showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. Moreover, maternal smoking had a joint effect with low birth weight for COPD risk.