bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disability perceived by primary care patients with posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors:   Grupo de estudio del vértigo en atención primaria Florida, Carrillo Muñoz Ricard , Ballve Moreno José Luis , Villar Balboa Iván , Rando Matos Yolanda , Cunillera Puertolas Oriol , Almeda Ortega Jesús , Rodero Perez Estrella , Monteverde Curto Xavier , Rubio Ripollès Carles , Moreno Farres Noemí , Matos Mendez Austria , Gomez Nova Jean Carlos , Bardina Santos Marta , Villarreal Miñano Johan Josué , Pacheco Erazo Diana Lizzeth , Hernández Sánchez Anabella María 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of vertigo. Little is known on how posterior canal BPPV affects health-related quality of life in patients diagnosed and treated at primary care facilities or on whether patients with subjective and objective disease perceive the effects differently. This study was designed to describe how patients diagnosed with posterior canal BPPV in primary care perceive disability.

Methods
Cross-sectional descriptive study performed at two urban primary care centers. Participants were patients aged 18 years or older with suspected posterior canal BPPV recruited for baseline evaluation in a clinical trial on the effectiveness of the Epley maneuver in primary care. The recruitment period was from November 2012 to January 2015. Perceived disability was evaluated using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory – Screening version (DHI-S). Other variables collected were age and sex, a history or diagnosis of anxiety or depression, treatment with antidepressants and/or anxiolytics, and results of the Dix-Hallpike (DH) test, which was considered positive when it triggered vertigo with or without nystagmus and negative when it triggered neither.

Results
The DH test was positive in 134 patients, 40.30% of whom had objective BPPV (vertigo with nystagmus). The median age of the patients was 52 years (interquartile range [IQR], 39.00–68.50 years) and 76.1% were women. The median total score on the DHI-S was 16 out of 40 (IQR, 8.00–22.00). Scores were higher (greater perceived disability) in women (p < 0.001) and patients with subjective BPPV (vertigo without nystagmus) (p = 0.033). The items perceived as causing the greatest disability were feeling depressed (67.1%) and worsening of the condition on turning over in bed (88%).

Conclusions
Patients diagnosed with posterior canal BPPV in primary care perceive their condition as a disability according to DHI-S scores, with higher levels of disability reported by women and patients with subjective BPPV. Feelings of depression and turning over in bed were associated with the greatest perceived difficulties.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01969513. Retrospectively registered. First Posted: October 25, 2013. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01969513
Neuroma of the Infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve following Total knee Arthroplasty: a case report
Authors: Xiang Yongbo , Li Zeng , Yu Peng , Zheng Zhibo , Feng Bin , Weng Xisheng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Injury to the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve (IBSN) is common during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with a standard midline skin incision. Occasionally, painful neuromas form at the transection of nerve and cause pain and limitation of the range of motion of the knee joint.

Case presentation
A 70-year-old woman experienced right knee pain and stiffness for 4 years after TKA. Physical assessment revealed medial tenderness; Tinel’s sign was positive. Radiographs revealed that the prosthesis was well-placed and well-fixed. She was diagnosed with arthrofibrosis and possible neuroma after TKA. She underwent right knee exploration, neurectomy, adhesiolysis and spacer exchange. The neuroma-like tissue was sent for pathological examination. The patient recovered uneventfully and at 3-month follow-up reported no recurrence of pain or stiffness. The pathological report confirmed the diagnosis of neuroma.

Conclusions
IBSN injury should be a concern if surgeons encounter a patient who has pain and stiffness after TKA. Tinel’s sign, local anesthetic injection, MRI and ultrasound could help the diagnosis and identify the precise location of neuroma. Surgical intervention should be performed if necessary.
P2Y12 receptor mediates microglial activation via RhoA/ROCK pathway in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis in a mouse model of chronic migraine
Authors: Jing Feng , Zhang Yixin , Long Ting , He Wei , Qin Guangcheng , Zhang Dunke , Chen Lixue , Zhou Jiying 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Microglial activation contributes to the development of chronic migraine (CM). The P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R), a metabolic purinoceptor that is expressed on microglia in the central nervous system (CNS), has been indicated to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic pain. However, whether it contributes to the mechanism of CM remains unknown. Thus, the present study investigated the precise details of microglial P2Y12R involvement in CM.

Methods
Mice subjected to recurrent nitroglycerin (NTG) treatment were used as the CM model. Hyperalgesia were assessed by mechanical withdrawal threshold to electronic von Frey and thermal withdrawal latency to radiant heat. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses were employed to detect the expression of P2Y12R, Iba-1, RhoA, and ROCK2 in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). To confirm the role of P2Y12R and RhoA/ROCK in CM, we systemically administered P2Y12R antagonists (MRS2395 and clopidogrel) and a ROCK2 inhibitor (fasudil) and investigated their effects on microglial activation, c-fos, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in the TNC. To further confirm the effect of P2Y12R on microglial activation, we preincubated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated BV-2 microglia with MRS2395 and clopidogrel. ELISA was used to evaluate the levels of inflammatory cytokines.

Results
The protein levels of P2Y12R, GTP-RhoA, ROCK2, CGRP, c-fos, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the TNC were increased after recurrent NTG injection. A double labeling study showed that P2Y12R was restricted to microglia in the TNC. MRS2395 and clopidogrel attenuated the development of tactile allodynia and suppressed the expression of CGRP, c-fos, and GTP-RhoA/ROCK2 in the TNC. Furthermore, fasudil also prevented hyperalgesia and suppressed the expression of CGRP in the TNC. In addition, inhibiting P2Y12R and ROCK2 activities suppressed NTG-induced microglial morphological changes (process retraction) and iNOS production in the TNC. In vitro, a double labeling study showed that P2Y12R was colocalized with BV-2 cells, and the levels of iNOS, IL-1β, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia were reduced by P2Y12R inhibitors.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate that microglial P2Y12R in the TNC plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of CM by regulating microglial activation in the TNC via RhoA/ROCK pathway.
Bifidogenic and butyrogenic effects of young barely leaf extract in an in vitro human colonic microbiota model
Authors: Sasaki Daisuke , Sasaki Kengo , Kadowaki Yasushi , Aotsuka Yasuyuki , Kondo Akihiko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Young barley leaf extract (YBL) contains beneficial substances such as fructans, minerals, and vitamins. The effects of YBL administration on the human colonic microbiota and its production of metabolites were evaluated using an in vitro model culture system. Fermentations were started by inoculating fecal samples from nine healthy subjects, with or without 1.5% YBL. Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing results confirmed that YBL administration significantly increased the relative abundances of bacteria related to the genus Bifidobacterium (p = 0.001, paired t-test) and those of the genera Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Unclassified Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospira (p = 0.013, p = 0.019, p = 0.028, and p = 0.034, respectively, paired t-test). Increased abundances of the latter genera corresponded to increased butyrate production in human colonic microbiota models following fermentation with 1.5% YBL, when compared to fermentation without 1.5% YBL (p = 0.006, Dunnett’s test). In addition, YBL administration significantly increased the production levels of amino acids such as lysine, glutamate, serine, threonine, alanine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, and phenylalanine. Therefore, our results showed the health-promoting bifidogenic and butyrogenic effects of YBL.
Colchicine causes prenatal cell toxicity and increases tetraploid risk
Authors: Wang Ding , Xie Yingjun , Yan Minyi , Pan Qianying , Liang Yi , Sun Xiaofang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Colchicine is a clinical medicine used for relief from gout and familial Mediterranean fever. Because of its toxic effects, intravenous injection of colchicine has been banned, but it is still widely administered orally. We assayed the toxic effects of colchicine in cultured primary chorionic villus cells and amniotic fluid cells to interpret its influence on the placenta and foetus.

Methods
Bright field record and cell count kit 8 were used to value cell viability. Flow cytometer was used to identify cells markers, cell cycle and cell apoptosis. G-banding was used for karyotype analysis for sample genetic and drug effect evaluation.

Results
Chorionic villus cells and amniotic fluid cells were characterized as mesenchymal cells that share most cell surface markers and have a similar response to colchicine. Colchicine did not induce a decline in cell viability at low concentrations but suppressed cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and increased the risk of tetraploid generation in a small subset of cases.

Conclusions
Our study revealed the results of a colchicine-induced toxicity test in prenatal cells and determined the anti-mitotic biologically functional dose and manner of administration that might reduce the risk of tetraploid generation.
Correction to: Practical guidance for the implementation of the CRISPR genome editing tool in filamentous fungi
Authors: Kwon Min Jin , Schütze Tabea , Spohner Sebastian , Haefner Stefan , Meyer Vera 
Published: November 2019

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported that Table 5 was missing in the published version, although it was originally submitted and reviewed along with the rest of the manuscript. The complete Table 5 is given in this erratum.
Contraceptive use and discontinuation among women in rural North-West Tanzania
Authors: Safari Wende , Urassa Mark , Mtenga Baltazar , Changalucha John , Beard James , Church Kathryn , Zaba Basia , Todd Jim 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionExisting estimates of contraceptive use in Tanzania rely on cross-sectional or retrospective study designs. This study used a 2-year, retrospective, month-by-month calendar of contraceptive utilization among women aged 15–49 years.MethodsWe estimated the median duration of contraceptive use, factors associated with use, and contraceptive discontinuation rates in sexually active women, using life tables and Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsA total of 5416 women contributed to the analysis in the study. Of the 5416 women, 942 (17%) had never had sex, 410 (7.6%) had no sexual partner in the last year. Among the 5416 women, 4064 were sexually active during the period, 814 (21.1%) were pregnant or amenorrheic, 610 (15.0%) were using contraception, and 1203 (29.6%) did not want to get pregnant but were not using contraception. In the 1813 women who wanted to avoid pregnancy, contraceptive use was lower among women over 35 years compared to younger ones (OR = 0.28, 95%CI: 0.19, 0.41), and in HIV positive women (OR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.60–1.32). On the other hand, use was higher among women who were married/living together compared to unmarried ones (OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.54, 3.23). Using a 2-year retrospective contraceptive calendar, 1054 women reported contraceptive use, 15.8% discontinued within 6 months and 30.5% discontinued within 12 months. Higher rates of contraceptive discontinuation were observed among women who used pills (OR = 1.86, 95%CI: 1.25, 2.77) or injections (OR = 2.04, 95%CI: 1.59, 2.61) compared to those who used implants.ConclusionContraceptive use was significantly associated with age, education and parity, but not with HIV status. HIV status, number of living children and education are not statistically associated with discontinuation of contraceptive use Pills and injections had the highest rates of discontinuation. Wider choice and greater accessibility of long-acting contraceptive methods with better effectiveness and convenience may serve women better. Furthermore, special efforts may be needed to remove barriers to contraceptive use amongst younger women.
Risk mitigation in electric power systems: Where to start?
Authors: Alshawish Ali , de Meer Hermann 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Power grids are becoming increasingly intelligent. In this regard, they benefit considerably from the information technology (IT) networks coupled with their underlying operational technology (OT) networks. While IT networks provide sufficient controllability and observability of power grid assets such as voltage and reactive power controllers, distributed energy resources, among others, they make those critical assets vulnerable to cyber threats and risks. In such systems, however, several technical and economic factors can significantly affect the patching and upgrading decisions of their components including, but not limited to, limited time and budget as well as legal constraints. Thus, resolving all vulnerabilities at once could seem like an insuperable hurdle. To figure out where to start, an involved decision maker (e.g. a security team) has to prudently prioritize the possible vulnerability remediation actions. The key objective of prioritization is to efficiently reduce the inherent security risk to which the system in question is exposed. Due to the critical role of power systems, their decision makers tend to enhance the system resilience against extreme events. Thus, they seek to avoid decision options associated with likely severe risks. Practically, this risk attitude guides the decision-making process in such critical organizations and hence the sought-after prioritization as well.Therefore, the contribution of this work is to provide an integrated risk-based decision-support methodology for prioritizing possible remediation activities. It leverages the Time-To-Compromise security metric to quantitatively assess the risk of compromise. The developed risk estimator considers several factors including: i) the inherent assessment uncertainty, ii) interdependencies between the network components, iii) different adversary skill levels, and iv) public vulnerability and exploit information. Additionally, our methodology employs game theory principles to support the strategic decision-making process by constructing a chain of security games. Technically, the remediation actions are prioritized through successively playing a set of dependent zero-sum games. The underlying game-theoretical model considers carefully the stochastic nature of risk assessments and the specific risk attitude of the decision makers involved in the patch management process across electric power organizations.
Child and adolescent mental health amidst emergencies and disasters
Authors: Danese Andrea , Smith Patrick , Chitsabesan Prathiba , Dubicka Bernadka 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe mental health of children and young people can be disproportionally affected and easily overlooked in the context of emergencies and disasters. Child and adolescent mental health services can contribute greatly to emergency preparedness, resilience and response and, ultimately, mitigate harmful effects on the most vulnerable members of society.
Knowledge of pastoralists on livestock diseases and exposure assessment to brucellosis within rural and peri-urban areas in Kajiado, Kenya
Authors: Onono Joshua , Mutua Penina , Kitala Philip , Gathura Peter 
Published: November 2019

Background: Livestock diseases impact the livelihoods of pastoralists. Brucellosis, a neglected zoonotic disease is highly prevalent in this system with an estimated 16% of livestock population in sub-Saharan Africa infected with the disease. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge of livestock diseases and the risk of exposure to brucellosis among pastoralists living in Kajiado County of Kenya. Methods: The study sites included pastoralist communities living in rural and peri-urban areas within the County. Both primary and secondary data were collected using participatory methods including pairwise ranking, proportional piling and probing and a review of the published literature. Exposure risk assessment was conducted according to the CODEX Alimentarius framework: Hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment and risk estimation. Results: According to pastoralists, livestock diseases that frequently occurred in their flocks and herds were contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, lumpy skin disease and foot and mouth disease; but zoonoses, including anthrax and brucellosis, were also mentioned during focus group discussions. Potential pathways of exposure to brucellosis and other zoonoses included consumption of unpasteurized milk, handling infected aborted materials without protective measures and consumption of raw meat and raw blood. Consumption of unpasteurized milk and handling infected aborted materials without protectives were linked with high risk of exposure to household members living in rural areas, with the risk level within the peri-urban areas ranked very low to low for most of these risk practices. Conclusions: The results call for enhanced public education targeting vulnerable groups to mitigate risks of disease spread and other impacts of brucellosis within the affected pastoralist production systems.
A systematic review of criminal recidivism rates worldwide: 3-year update
Authors: Yukhnenko Denis , Sridhar Shivpriya , Fazel Seena 
Published: November 2019

Background: Comparing recidivism rates between countries may provide useful information about the relative effectiveness of different criminal justice policies. A previous 2015 review identified criminal recidivism data for 18 countries and found little consistency in outcome definitions and time periods. We aimed to update recidivism rates in prisoners internationally. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of criminal recidivism rates in prisoners and followed PRISMA guidelines. Using five bibliographic indexes, we carried out non-country-specific and targeted searches for 50 countries with the largest total prison populations. We included reports and studies of released prisoners that reported re-arrest, reconviction and reincarceration rates. Meta-analysis was not possible due to multiple sources of heterogeneity. Results: We identified criminal recidivism information for 23 countries. Of the 50 countries with the largest prison populations, 10 reported recidivism rates for prisoners. The most commonly reported outcome was the 2-year reconviction rate. We were able to examine reconviction between different time periods for 11 countries and found that most reported small changes in official recidivism rates. Overall, for 2-year follow-up period, reported re-arrest rates were between 26% and 60%, reconviction rates ranged from 20% to 63%, and reimprisonment rates varied from 14 to 45%. Conclusions: Although some countries have made efforts to improve reporting, recidivism rates are not comparable between countries. Criminal justice agencies should consider using reporting guidelines described here to update their data.
Peri-implant disease part 2: management of peri-implant disease
Authors: Daly Alex , McCracken Giles 
Published: November 2019

Unfortunately, peri-implant disease is a common clinical finding in patients with dental implants. Whilst preventive and supportive regimens are best practice, many patients still present with signs of peri-implant disease. Treatment options include non-surgical or surgical approaches but there does not appear to be a consensus for management of these challenging conditions. This paper discusses the current management options of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper discusses the management of peri-implant diseases placing emphasis on regular supportive care and follow up.
The prevalence of pressure ulcers in Europe, what does the European data tell us: a systematic review
Authors: Moore Zena , Avsar Pinar , Conaty Laura , Moore David Hugh , Patton Declan , O'Connor Tom 
Published: November 2019

Objective:The main aim of this systematic review was to establish the prevalence of pressure ulcers (PU) within published studies from Europe.Method:Using systematic review methodology, quantitative design studies which explored prevalence data and/or the epidemiology of PUs in Europe were considered. The primary outcome was PU prevalence. The search, conducted in April 2019, using Cochrane, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, returned 3065 records, of which 79 met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted using a pre-designed extraction tool, and validity analysis was undertaken using the Evidence-Based Librarianship (EBL) Critical Appraisal Checklist.Results:We included 79 articles in this review. Across the studies, the median prevalence was 10.8% (standard deviation: 7%; range: 4.6–27.2%). The highest PU prevalence reported was from the Netherlands (27.2%; n=17,494 participants), and the lowest was reported from Finland (4.6%; n=629 participants). Almost 32.4% (n=151,195) of the PUs were category I and the most common site for PUs was the sacrum.Conclusion:The prevalence data is consistently high. These data indicate the continued need for further resource allocation into PU prevention and management
Evaluation of a relationship between malocclusion and idiopathic scoliosis in children and adolescents
Authors: Laskowska M. , Olczak-Kowalczyk D. , Zadurska M. , Czubak J. , Czubak-Wrzosek M. , Walerzak M. , Tyrakowski M. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose Idiopathic scoliosis is a developmental deformation of the vertebral column of an unknown aetiology. Its clinical symptoms and hypothetical causative factors may affect the stomatognathic system. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between the prevalence and type of malocclusions, and the presence of idiopathic scoliosis, its location and severity. Methods This was a prospective longitudinal study. The study group consisted of 80 patients with idiopathic scoliosis and the control group of 61 healthy individuals. Standard standing long-cassette radiographs were taken of all of the patients in the idiopathic scoliosis group in order to confirm diagnosis, to determine localization and the Cobb angle of the curve. Both groups underwent standard clinical dental examination. Results The most commonly observed types included right main thoracic (R-MT) and thoracolumbar or left lumbar scoliosis (Cobb angle 11° to 125°). In the idiopathic scoliosis group, prevalence of malocclusions was greater than in the control group (95% versus 82%). In the idiopathic scoliosis group more than one type of malocclusion was observed with a higher incidence than that in the control group (63.8% versus 37.7%; p = 0.002). A correlation between the left proximal thoracic (L-PT) curve with anterior partial open bite was demonstrated (p = 0.323), between thoracic dextroscoliosis main thoracic with lateral partial cross bite (p = 0.230) and a correlation between scoliosis severity and malocclusion in the event of L-PT and anterior partial open bite (p = 0.330) and R-MT and scissors bite (p = 0.248). Conclusion The incidence of malocclusions is greater in children with idiopathic scoliosis than in their healthy peers Level of Evidence III