bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High cryptic diversity in the kleptoparasitic genus Hyalorisia Dall, 1889 (Littorinimorpha: Capulidae) with the description of nine new species from the Indo-West Pacific
Authors: Fassio Giulia , Russini Valeria , Buge Barbara , Schiaparelli Stefano , Modica Maria Vittoria , Bouchet Philippe , Oliverio Marco 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Species in the family Capulidae (Littorinimorpha: Capuloidea) display a wide range of shell morphologies. Several species are known to live in association with other benthic invertebrates—mostly bivalves and sabellid worms, but also other gastropods—and are believed to be kleptoparasitic filter feeders that take advantage of the water current produced by the host. This peculiar trophic ecology, implying a sedentary lifestyle, has resulted in highly convergent shell forms. This is particularly true for the genus Hyalorisia Dall, 1889, which occurs in deep water in the Caribbean and Indo-West Pacific provinces, with two nominal species recognized so far. Combining morphological, ecological and molecular data, we assessed the diversity of the genus, its phylogenetic position inside the family and its association with its bivalve host, the genus Propeamussium de Gregorio, 1884 (Pectinoidea), resulting in the description of nine new cryptic species. When sympatric, species of Hyalorisia are associated with different host species, but the same species of Propeamussium may be the host of several allopatric species of Hyalorisia.
Renal denervation: where do we stand and what is the relevance to the nephrologist?
Authors: Schmieder Roland E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Catheter-based renal denervation to reduce high blood pressure (BP) has received well-deserved attention after a recent series of sham-controlled trials reported significant antihypertensive efficacy and very favourable tolerability and safety of the intervention. This emerging treatment option is of high relevance to nephrologists. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at elevated risk of cardiovascular adverse events and often present with hypertension, which is very difficult to control with medication. Renal denervation promises a new tool to reduce BP and to prevent loss of renal function in this population. The current review considers the role of the kidney and neurohormonal activation in the development of hypertension and the rationale for renal denervation. The current state of the evidence for the effectiveness and tolerability of the procedure is considered from the nephrologists’ perspective, with a focus on the potential future role of renal denervation in the management of CKD patients with hypertension.
Historically Black Colleges and Universities in the United States
Authors: Sanders Crystal 
Published: August 2020

Historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in the United States total more than one hundred, including public and private institutions, two-year and four-year schools, medical schools, law schools, and community colleges. These institutions provided educational opportunities to black students during the era of legal segregation when southern white institutions prohibited black students and northern white institutions admitted only a few black students, if any at all. The Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, defines an HBCU as “any historically black college or university that was established prior to 1964, whose principal mission was, and is, the education of black Americans, and that is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association.” The first HBCU, now called Cheyney University, was founded in Pennsylvania in 1837, although most black colleges were founded after the Civil War and are located in the South. Many HBCUs have religious affiliations. The African Methodist Episcopal Church established several schools, including Morris Brown College, Paul Quinn College, Wilberforce University, and Edward Waters College. The Colored Methodist Episcopal Church (renamed the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church in the 1950s) and the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church set up black colleges as well. Northern white benevolent groups, including the American Missionary Association and the Presbyterian Board of Missions for Freedmen, also founded black colleges. Black colleges stand out for the social, cultural, political, and economic contributions they have made to the world. Some of the most well-known writers and artists of the Harlem Renaissance, including Langston Hughes and James Weldon Johnson received their training at HBCUs. Six historically black Greek-lettered organizations were founded on black college campuses. A host of the most successful coaches and athletes in American history developed their skills and set records at these institutions. Despite these successes, many HBCUs faced extreme financial hardship and declining enrollment beginning in the 1970s because of desegregation in higher education. Interestingly, black students began to enroll at white institutions in large numbers during this period because of the successful efforts of HBCU graduates to dismantle Jim Crow. In the 21st century, HBCUs enroll students of every ethnicity and nationality. The list of HBCU alumni who have made significant contributions to the United States and to the world is long. Notable graduates include US Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, Nobel Prize and Pulitzer Prize–winning author Toni Morrison, US Senator Kamala Harris, and Nnamdi Azikiwe, Nigeria’s first president.
Charity and Shame: Towards Reciprocity
Authors: Parsell Cameron , Clarke Andrew 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Across rich nations with welfare states, charity continues as a dominant force in the lives of people who are poor. Inadequate state welfare and high housing costs drive people in poverty to seek daily support from charities. Based on in-depth interviews with 24 volunteers providing charity and 57 people receiving charity in Australia, as well as on observations of the provision and receipt of charity in practice, this article examines the experiences and meaning of charity from those who provide and receive it. The analysis shows that people receiving charity feel shame, and this shame derives from the judgements of volunteers and the position of recipients as passively receiving what is given. The findings also show that some volunteers actively engage with recipients to mitigate shame, and the dynamic interaction between provider and receiver of charity can reduce the shame people experience. Despite these successes in mitigating shame, the unidirectional provision of charity to people in poverty fails to take account of the value people place – and society expects – on reciprocity. Prioritizing the interests of those in poverty who receive charity, the article argues for the necessity of transforming charity to create conditions for reciprocity.
Inhibition of rat brain and human red cell acetylcholinesterase by thiocarbamate herbicides
Authors: Lock Edward A 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThiocarbamates are a major class of herbicides that were used extensively in the agricultural industry. Toxicological evaluation showed molinate caused reproductive impairment in male rats, whilst others produced behavioural effects at high doses. Rats dosed with molinate either as a single large oral dose of 100 mg/kg or as multiple doses of 50 mg/kg for 7 days produced inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Molinate and other thiocarbamate herbicides undergo metabolism to form sulphoxides that can carbamoylate thiol’s such as glutathione and proteins. We have chemically synthesised the sulphoxide and sulphone metabolites of six thiocarbamate herbicides and examined their ability to inhibit rat brain and human red cell AChE in vitro. Parent thiocarbamates were inactive, whilst the sulphoxides produced inhibition with IC50’s in the 1–10 mM range, the sulphone metabolites were the most active with IC50’s for molinate, pebulate, EPTC and vernolate in the μM range. Inhibition was both time- and dose-dependent with biomolecular rate constants for the inhibition of the human red cell enzyme of 0.3 × 102 and 2.0 × 102 M−1 min−1 for molinate sulphoxide and sulphone, respectively. No recovery of enzyme activity, with either enzyme, was seen following dilution of the inhibitor to a concentration that does not inhibit the enzyme for up to 24 h at 25°C at pH 7.4. The metabolites of these thiocarbamate herbicides are rather poor inhibitors of AChE when compared to the organophosphorus ester, paraoxon or the monomethylcarbamate, eserine. Unlike eserine the inhibition produced by the thiocarbamates is irreversible.
Integrative taxonomy and phylogeography of Colomys and Nilopegamys (Rodentia: Murinae), semi-aquatic mice of Africa, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Giarla Thomas C , Demos Terrence C , Monadjem Ara , Hutterer Rainer , Dalton Desiré , Mamba Mnqobi L , Roff Emily A , Mosher Frank M , Mikeš Václav , Kofron Christopher P , Kerbis Peterhans Julian C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The semi-aquatic African murine genera Colomys and Nilopegamys are considered monotypic and thought to be closely related to one another. Colomys occurs across forested regions of equatorial Africa, whereas Nilopegamys is known only from the Ethiopian holotype, making it among the rarest mammalian genera in the world – and possibly extinct. Using morphological and genetic data, we reassess the taxonomy of Colomys and Nilopegamys. A multilocus phylogeny with outgroups demonstrates that Nilopegamys is sister to Colomys. In addition, we recognize at least four morphologically diagnosable and genetically distinct species within Colomys: C. eisentrauti (elevated from subspecies and restricted to north-west Cameroon), C. goslingi (with a more restricted range than previously reported) and two new species (one from Liberia and Guinea and one from central and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola). We also review the status of four other taxa currently recognized within Colomys goslingi (bicolor, denti, goslingi and ruandensis) and demonstrate that these names lack phylogenetic and/or morphological support. Finally, we discuss potential biogeographic barriers that may have played a role in the evolution of Colomys and Nilopegamys, emphasizing the importance of rivers in both facilitating and, possibly, limiting dispersal within these genera.
Views from the Front: Inner-City and Rural Pandemic Perspectives
Authors: Egan Tim , Bonar Lynette 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARY
For populations experiencing the preexisting conditions of poverty and all its related social inequalities, the COVID-19 pandemic further complicates the delivery of healthcare. Two members of the American College of Healthcare Executives—Tim Egan, president and CEO of Roseland Community Hospital on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, and Lynette Bonar, RN, FACHE, CEO of Tuba City Regional Health Care Corporation on the Navajo and Hopi reservations in Arizona—deal with those complications daily. Presented here together, their perspectives show resilience, cultural sensitivity, and commitment to protect the well-being of their diverse communities.
Mechanisms of myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary atherosclerosis: a multifaceted play of different actors with guarded prognosis
Authors: Opolski Maksymilian P. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
Myocardial infarction (MI) with nonobstructive coronary atherosclerosis (MINOCA) on invasive angiography (stenosis severity <50%) is a heterogenous clinical entity with a prevalence between 6 and 8% of all MI. Whereas the long-term prognosis of MINOCA is not benign, the identification of its underlying mechanism is critical for appropriate risk stratification and tailored secondary prevention strategies.

Recent findings
The current review summarizes the contemporary data on the mechanisms, diagnosis, management strategies and outcomes of MINOCA.

Summary
MINOCA is a relatively common form of MI with guarded prognosis. The use of additional diagnostic tests (particularly intracoronary imaging and cardiac magnetic resonance) is paramount to determine the exact cause of MINOCA and implement tailored medical interventions.
Therapeutic hypothermia for cardiac arrest due to non-shockable rhythm
Authors: Zhu Yibing , Huang Huibin , Feng Jingzhi , Ren Yu , Li Wei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
The effectiveness of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for patients following cardiac arrest with non-shockable rhythm is debated. We plan to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis with all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to explore the efficacy and safety of TH in in this population.

Methods:
PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library will be searched to identify RCTs published from inception through December 2020 without language restriction. Patients following cardiac arrest due to non-shockable rhythm will be included. The primary outcome is the hospital mortality. The secondary outcome is the favorable neurological outcome. The pooled effects will be analyzed as mean differences using the inverse-variance method for continuous data or as risk ratios using the Mantel–Haenszel method for dichotomous data. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be conducted. The Egger's test and/or the funnel plot will be used to test the publication bias. The grades of recommendation assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) methodology will be used to assess the quality of evidence. The trial sequential analysis will be used to test whether the meta-analysis is conclusive.

Results:
The RCTs on the effectiveness of TH for patients following cardiac arrest with non-shockable rhythm will be systematically reviewed and advance evidence will be provided.

Conclusion:
Advanced evidence of TH for cardiac arrest due to non-shockable rhythm will be provided for physicians.

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42020161823.
Relationship between saline infusion and blood pressure variability in non-critically patients with hypertension
Authors: Wu Jianhua , Nie Junjie , Wang Yue , Zhang Yingpei , Wu Dongfang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSaline is a commonly used intravenous solvent, however, its excessive infusion may increase drug-induced sodium intake. To investigate the effects of saline infusion on blood pressure variability (BPV) in patients with hypertension, a retrospective study was performed in 1010 patients with hypertension. The patients who received saline infusion before surgery for continuous 3 to 5 days were divided into 2 groups according to the saline infusion volume during the hospitalization, which are >500 mL per day group and <500 mL per day group. The overall incidence of abnormal BPV was 11.58%. As for the incidence of abnormal BPV in the <500 mL per day group with 698 patients was 9.17%, while that in the >500 mL per day group with 312 patients was as high as 16.99%. Additionally, >500 mL of daily saline infusion for continuous 3 to 5 days (Pfor trend = .004, odds ratio [OR] = 1.911, 95% confidence interval [CI] for OR 1.226–2.977), medical history of diabetes mellitus (P < .001, OR = 4.856, 95% CI for OR 3.118–7.563) and cardiovascular diseases (P < .001, OR = 2.498, 95% CI for OR 1.549–4.029) may be risk factors of abnormal BPV; while anti-hypertensive therapy with diuretics (P < .001, OR = 0.055, 95% CI for OR 0.024–0.125) may be the protective factor. Our study suggests that >500 mL of daily saline infusion for continuous 3 to 5 days may have disadvantages in the blood pressure control for hypertensive patients, especially for the patients with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases.
Long-term patient-reported outcomes following laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Han In Woong , Lee Hyeon Kook , Park Dae Joon , Choi Yoo Shin , Lee Seung Eun , Kim Hongbeom , Kwon Wooil , Jang Jin-Young , Lee Huisong , Heo Jin Seok 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Several studies have reported short-term results for post-cholecystectomy symptoms and quality of life (QoL). However, reports on long-term results are still limited. This study aimed to identify risk factors affecting short- and long-term patient-reported outcome (PRO) following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
From 2016 to 2017, a total of 476 patients from 5 institutions were enrolled. PRO was examined using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain score and the Gastrointestinal (GI) QoL Index questionnaire at postoperative 1 month and 1 year.
Most of patients recovered well at postoperative 1 year compared to postoperative 1 month for the NRS pain score, QoL score, and GI symptoms. A high operative difficulty score (HR 1.740, P = .031) and pathology of acute or complicated cholecystitis (HR 1.524, P = .048) were identified as independent risk factors for high NRS pain scores at postoperative 1 month. Similarly, female sex (HR 1.571, P = .003) at postoperative 1 month and postoperative complications (HR 5.567, P = .001) at postoperative 1 year were independent risk factors for a low QoL. Also, age above 50 (HR 1.842, P = .001), female sex (HR 1.531, P = .006), and preoperative gallbladder drainage (HR 3.086, P = .001) were identified as independent risk factors for GI symptoms at postoperative 1 month.
Most patients showed improved long-term PRO measurement in terms of pain, QoL, and GI symptoms. There were no independent risk factors for long-term postoperative pain and GI symptoms. However, postoperative complications were identified to affect QoL adversely at postoperative 1 year. Careful and long-term follow up is thus necessary for patients who experienced postoperative complications.
Clinical relevance of multi-drug resistance gene C3435T polymorphism in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in Xinjiang
Authors: Liu Wei , Li Yan , Zhao Zhenhui , Li Xun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
To explore the relationship between C3435T polymorphism of multi-drug resistance gene (MDR1) gene and susceptibility, clinicopathological characteristics, curative effect and hematological toxicity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in XinJiang.
The peripheral venous blood samples of 54 patients with DLBCL and 60 healthy controls were collected. The alleles and genotypes of MDR1 gene C3435T were detected by DNA direct extraction with PCR technique, and the frequency of C3435T allele and genotypes were detected by the chi-square test. The relationship between the allele and genotype distribution of C3435T locus and the susceptibility, clinicopathological characteristics, curative effect and hematological toxicity of DLBCL were analyzed.
1 the frequency of CT heterozygote and CC homozygote mutation was significantly higher in the case group (46.3% in CT genotype and 42.6% in CC genotype) compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The frequency of CC genotype mutation in the case group was 42.6%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05, OR 3.209, 95% CI: 1.288-7.997). 2 the genotypes of C3435T locus of MDR1 gene were distributed in age, sex, nationality, pathological characteristics, clinical-stage, IPI index, B symptoms, infection with EB virus, clinicopathological characteristics and clinical efficacy of hepatitis B in patients with DLBCL. There was no significant difference in myelosuppression (P > 0.05).
The homozygous mutation genotype of CC is the risk genotype of DLBCL. The alleles and genotypes are not associated with the clinicopathological characteristics, efficacy and myelosuppression toxicity of DLBCL.
Efficacy and safety of ACEI/ARB drugs in patients with COVID-19 combined with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yang Yan , Liu Xiaoke , Liu Yan , Chen Yalin , Tian Yuan , Fu Xiaoxu , Zhong Wen , Xie Chunguang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
Novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has become a worldwide epidemic, causing huge loss of life and property. Because of its unique pathological mechanism, diabetes affects the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 in many aspects. At present, there are many controversies about whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) should be used in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 comorbidities. There is an urgent need to provide evidence for the use of ACEI/ARB through high-quality systematic evaluation and meta-analysis.

Methods:
We will search electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, and Wanfang database using keywords related to COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, ACEI/ARB drugs, and randomized controlled trials . We will manually search gray literature, such as conference proceedings and academic degree dissertations, and trial registries. Two independent reviewers will screen studies, extract data, and evaluate risk of bias. Data analysis will be conducted using the Review Manager software version 5.3.5 and stata 14.0 software for Mac. Statistical heterogeneity will be assessed using a standard chi-square test with a significance level of P < .10. Biases associated with study will be investigated using funnel plots.

Results:
This study will provide a high-quality synthesis of efficacy and safety of ACEI/ARB drugs in patients with COVID-19 combined with diabetes mellitus, providing evidence for clinical treatment of diabetes mellitus combined with COVID-19. And the results will be published at a peer-reviewed journal.

Conclusion:
Our study will draw conclusions on the efficacy and safety of ACEI / ARB drugs in patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with covid-19, so as to provide theoretical guidance for clinical practice of diabetes mellitus with covid-19.

INPLASY registration number:
INPLASY 202060111.