bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of mid‐buccal gingival recessions in NHANES according to the 2018 World Workshop Classification System
Authors: Romandini Mario , Soldini Maria Costanza , Montero Eduardo , Sanz Mariano 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThere are no nationally representative epidemiological studies available reporting on the different recession types according to the 2018 classification system or focusing on the aesthetic zone. The aims of this cross‐sectional study were (a) to provide estimates on the prevalence, severity and extent of mid‐buccal GRs according to the 2018 classification and (b) to identify their risk indicators in the adult U.S. population from the NHANES database.Materials and MethodsData from 10,676 subjects, representative of 143.8 millions of adults, were retrieved from the NHANES 2009–2014 database. GR prevalence was defined as the presence of at least one mid‐buccal GR ≥1 mm. GRs were categorized following the 2018 World Workshop classification system (RT1, RT2, RT3) and according to different severity cut‐offs. An analysis for GR risk indicators was also performed, selecting subjects without periodontitis.ResultsThe patient‐level prevalence of mid‐buccal GRs (all types) was 91.6%, while it decreased to 70.7% when considering only the aesthetic zone. When focusing on RT1 GRs, the patient‐level prevalence (whole mouth) was 12.4%, while it was 5.8% considering only the aesthetic zone. The majority of RT1 GRs were considered as mild (1–2 mm). The whole‐mouth patient‐level prevalence of RT2 and RT3 GRs was 88.8% and 55.0%, respectively. Age (35–49 years), gender (female), ethnicity (non–Hispanic Whites), last dental visit (>6 months before), tooth type (incisors) and the arch (mandible) resulted as risk indicators associated with the presence of RT1 GR.ConclusionsMid‐buccal GRs affect almost the entire US population. Age, gender, ethnicity, dental care exposure, tooth type and arch were identified as risk indicators for RT1 GRs.
Preparation and characterization of Paraloid B‐72/TiO2 nanocomposite and their effect on the properties of polylactic acid as strawberry coating agents
Authors: Hussein Elsayed Nadia , Najmi Ali Hussein , Mohamed Ghena M. , Mohamed Ayman A. , Al‐Sayed Hanan M. A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, Paraloid B‐72 (poly methyl methacrlylate/ethylacrylate 70:30) and its nanocomposites with titanium dioxide (TiO2) concentration 1–5% have been prepared by emulsion polymerization technique and characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) in addition to antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. The prepared Paraloid B‐72 and its titanium dioxide nanocomposites was grafted onto polylactic acid (PLA) and the results indicate that the grafting percentage reached to maximum value using the nanocomposite of Paraloid B‐72 with 3% TiO2. PLA grafted with Paraloid B‐72/3% TiO2 has been characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), FT‐IR as well as mechanical and color change measurements. The results show that incorporation of Paraloid B‐72 / TiO2 improved the properties of PLA. The produced PLA grafted Paraloid B‐72 and its 5% titanium dioxide have been used for coating strawberry to enhance and control the cold storage at 4°C for 15 days.
Development of monoclonal antibodies for the rapid detection and identification of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in food sample using dot‐blot assays
Authors: Jinapon Chontichar , Wangman Pradit , Pengsuk Chalinan , Chaivisuthangkura Parin , Sithigorngul Paisarn , Longyant Siwaporn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTwo monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to Salmonella were produced from a mouse immunized with a combination of heat‐killed whole‐cell and formalin‐fixed Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) as the antigens. The mAb SE‐13D bound specifically only to S. Enteritidis, while mAb Sal‐06G bound to various members of the Salmonella serogroups B, C, D, E, and I. Neither mAb demonstrated any cross‐reactivity to other bacteria. The two mAbs belong to the IgM class and IgG2a subclass, respectively. Using a dot‐blot assay, the detection sensitivity limits of mAbs SE‐13D and Sal‐06G were 107 and 106 cfu/ml, respectively. However, the detection sensitivity of both mAbs could be improved to 104 or 1 cfu/ml after pre‐enriching the bacteria in tryptic soy broth (TSB) or chicken homogenate in TSB for 3 or 12 hr, respectively. Therefore, mAbs SE‐13D and Sal‐06G can be used as simple, rapid, specific, and effective immunological tools to directly detect and differentiate S. Enteritidis and an assortment of Salmonella serovars from other bacteria in complex crude samples such as poultry products, foods, and medical samples without the need for bacterial isolation and the conventional characterizations required by biochemical tests.Practical applicationsDevelopment of monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Salmonella is of utmost important for detection and monitoring food contamination. In this study, two mAbs: one specific to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and another one specific to several Salmonella serovars were generated. With regular pre‐enriching protocol for 12 hr, the bacteria in food sample and tryptic soy broth could be detected at 1 cfu/ml with dot blot assay. Due to the rapid, specific and sensitive method for detection, both mAbs were fit for monitoring contamination of S. Enteritidis and assortment of Salmonella serovars in food samples.
Acute motor deficit and subsequent remyelination‐associated recovery following internal capsule demyelination in mice
Authors: Yamazaki Reiji , Ohno Nobuhiko , Huang Jeffrey K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMultiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by accumulated motor disability. However, whether remyelination promotes motor recovery following demyelinating injury remains unclear. Damage to the internal capsule (IC) is known to result in motor impairment in multiple sclerosis and stroke. Here, we induced focal IC demyelination in mice by lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) injection, and examined its effect on motor behavior. We also compared the effect of LPC‐induced IC damage to that produced by endothelin‐1 (ET1), a potent vasoconstrictor used in experimental stroke lesions. We found that LPC or ET1 injections induced asymmetric motor deficit at 7 days post‐lesion (dpl), and that both lesion types displayed increased microglia/macrophage density, myelin loss, and axonal dystrophy. The motor deficit and lesion pathology remained in ET1‐injected mice at 28 dpl. In contrast, LPC‐injected mice regained motor function by 28 dpl, with corresponding reduction in activated microglia/macrophage density, and recovery of myelin staining and axonal integrity in lesions. These results suggest that LPC‐induced IC demyelination results in acute motor deficit and subsequent recovery through remyelination, and may be used to complement future drug screens to identify drugs for promoting remyelination.
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Pre‐parenthood Sense of Self and the Adjustment to the Transition to Parenthood
Authors: Chen Eva Yi‐Ju , Tung Eli Yi‐Liang , Enright Robert D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examined the moderation role of pre‐parenthood self‐esteem and sense of mastery in psychological well‐being across the transition to parenthood.BackgroundPast research has identified negative changes in new parents' psychological well‐being. Less studied are the protective factors that can alleviate this transition impact. Informed by theories of psychological well‐being, the protective role of pre‐parenthood positive sense of self in parenthood transitions was examined.MethodLongitudinal data for 2,588 individuals collected from adolescence through their transition to parenthood were analyzed. Pre‐parenthood sense‐of‐self trajectory groups were formed using data collected during adolescence. Piecewise multilevel models were constructed to explore the effect of pre‐parenthood sense of self on new parents' psychological well‐being measured by depressive symptoms, self‐esteem, and sense of mastery.ResultsCompared to nonparent peers, the transitions to parenthood lowered new parents' psychological well‐being. This aforementioned change differed by pre‐parenthood sense‐of‐self trajectory groups. Contrary to expectations, new parents with high self‐esteem or sense of mastery during adolescence experienced greater negative immediate impacts at childbirth, compared to their low sense of self counterparts. Furthermore, new parents with both high pre‐parenthood self‐esteem and sense of mastery demonstrated gradual declines in sense of self after childbirth.ConclusionPositive pre‐parenthood sense of self during adolescence may not protect individuals against the immediate and longitudinal impact of the transition to parenthood. Implications for research and practice were discussed.
Sensemaking, Organizing, and Surpassing: A Handoff*
Authors: Weick Karl E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this essay, I reflect on the intellectual influences that led to the genesis of the Social Psychology of Organizing and assess the way forward. I stress that the Social Psychology aspired to provide an outline of an organizational epistemology. I particularly focus on the interplay between experience and understanding, highlighting the following features: self‐validating prophecy, partiality toward similarity, ambivalence between belief and doubt, and understanding as ongoing accomplishment. I conclude with a discussion of the three papers published in this Special issue.
A video polysomnographic study of spontaneous smiling during sleep in newborns
Authors: Challamel Marie‐Josèphe , Hartley Sarah , Debilly Gabriel , Lahlou Saadi , Franco Patricia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to confirm the link between spontaneous smiling and active sleep in newborns, and to identify the role of the cortex in the generation of spontaneous smiles. A total of 12 healthy newborns born at term and three infants with major congenital abnormalities (two with hydranencephaly and one with a left hemispherectomy) were evaluated by video and polysomnography during a 3‐hr sleep period. Smiles were graded and their association with isolated rapid eye movements and grouped rapid eye movements was analysed. In all, 383 smiles were recorded of which 377 occurred during active sleep. Smiles were shown to be significantly associated with active sleep (p < .0001) and with grouped rapid eye movements (p < .0001). Bilateral smiles were more frequent than asymmetrical smiles. Among asymmetrical smiles, left‐sided smiles were more frequent than right‐sided smiles (p < .0001). Maternal stimulation during active sleep did not increase smiles. Smiling was absent during active sleep only in the infant with total hydranencephaly in whom nearly all cortical tissue was absent. In conclusion, smiling occurs in healthy newborns, almost exclusively in active sleep and is associated with grouped rapid eye movements. In infants with major congenital abnormalities, smiling is abolished only when nearly all of the cerebral cortex is absent. These results support the hypothesis of the role of active sleep in the stimulation of neuronal circuits responsible for spontaneous smiling and emphasise the importance of cortical areas in newborn smiling.
Still Opting for the Poor: The Brazilian Catholic Church and the National Movement of the Street Population
Authors: Cousineau Madeleine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHave rumors of the demise of liberation theology been greatly exaggerated? There is a prevailing belief among scholars and other observers that the Latin American Catholic Church has withdrawn from the preferential option for the poor, which had encouraged a combination of faith and activism for social justice. This article challenges that belief by means of qualitative data gathered during 8 months in Brazil that provide evidence of close connections between the Pastoral of the Street, a church program that mobilizes homeless people, and the National Movement of the Street Population (MNPR). The principal data came from 42 interviews with homeless or formerly homeless people, movement leaders, and religious sisters and lay workers in the pastoral program. Participant observation and documentary research supplemented the interviews. The findings demonstrate that the Pastoral of the Street helped to create the MNPR and continues to provide it with material and ideological support.
Bilirubin and bile acids in osteocytes and bone tissue. Potential role in the cholestatic‐induced osteoporosis
Authors: Ruiz‐Gaspà Silvia , Guañabens Núria , Jurado Susana , Combalia Andreu , Peris Pilar , Monegal Ana , Parés Albert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsOsteoporosis is a common complication in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Both bilirubin and lithocholic acid (LCA) result in detrimental effects on osteoblastic cells, and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) counteracts these outcomes. However, there is no information on the consequences of these retained substances of cholestasis and sera from cholestatic patients in osteocytes.MethodsThe impact of bilirubin, LCA, UDCA and serum from jaundiced patients on viability, differentiation, mineralization and apoptosis has been assessed in MLO‐Y4 and MLO‐A5 osteocyte cell lines. Effects on gene expression were assessed in these cells and in human bone fragments.ResultsLithocholic acid 10 μmol/L and bilirubin 50 μmol/L decreased viability in MLO‐Y4 and MLO‐A5 cells (11% and 53% respectively; P ≤ .01). UDCA alone or combined with LCA or bilirubin increased cell viability. Jaundiced sera decreased cell viability (56%), an effect which was reverted by UDCA. Bilirubin decreased differentiation by 47% in MLO‐Y4 (P ≤ .01) and mineralization (87%) after 21 days in MLO‐A5 (P ≤ .03). Both bilirubin and LCA increased apoptosis in MLO‐Y4, and UDCA diminished the apoptotic effect. Moreover, bilirubin down‐regulated RUNX2 and up‐regulated RANKL gene expression in bone tissue, MLO‐Y4 and MLO‐A5 cells, and LCA up‐regulated RANKL expression in bone tissue. UDCA 100 μmol/L increased the gene expression of all these genes in bone tissue and MLO‐Y4 cells and neutralized the decreased RUNX2 expression induced by bilirubin.ConclusionBilirubin and LCA have damaging consequences in osteocytes by decreasing viability, differentiation and mineralization, increasing apoptosis and modifying gene expression, effects that are neutralized by UDCA.
Combined high leaf hydraulic safety and efficiency provides drought tolerance in Caragana species adapted to low mean annual precipitation
Authors: Yao Guang‐Qian , Nie Zheng‐Fei , Turner Neil C. , Li Feng‐Min , Gao Tian‐Peng , Fang Xiang‐Wen , Scoffoni Christine 
Published: August 2020

Summary

Clarifying the coordination of leaf hydraulic traits with gas exchange across closely‐related species adapted to varying rainfall can provide insights into plant habitat distribution and drought adaptation.

The leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf), stomatal conductance (gs), net assimilation (A), vein embolism and abscisic acid (ABA) concentration during dehydration were quantified, as well as pressure–volume curve traits and vein anatomy in 10 Caragana species adapted to a range of mean annual precipitation (MAP) conditions and growing in a common garden.

We found a positive correlation between Ψleaf at 50% loss of Kleaf (Kleaf P50) and maximum Kleaf (Kleaf‐max) across species. Species from low‐MAP environments exhibited more negative Kleaf P50 and turgor loss point, and higher Kleaf‐max and leaf‐specific capacity at full turgor, along with higher vein density and midrib xylem per leaf area, and a higher ratio of Kleaf‐max : maximum gs. Tighter stomatal control mediated by higher ABA accumulation during dehydration in these species resulted in an increase in hydraulic safety and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) during drought.

Our results suggest that high hydraulic safety and efficiency combined with greater stomatal sensitivity triggered by ABA production and leading to greater WUEi provides drought tolerance in Caragana species adapted to low‐MAP environments.
Reconciling competing hypotheses regarding flower–leaf sequences in temperate forests for fundamental and global change biology
Authors: Buonaiuto D. M. , Morales‐Castilla Ignacio , Wolkovich E. M. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryPhenology is a major component of an organism's fitness. While individual phenological events affect fitness, there is growing evidence to suggest that the relationship between events could be equally or more important. This could explain why temperate deciduous woody plants exhibit considerable variation in the order of reproductive and vegetative events, or flower–leaf sequences (FLSs). There is evidence to suggest that FLSs may be adaptive, with several competing hypotheses to explain their function. Here, we advance existing hypotheses with a new framework that accounts for quantitative FLS variation at multiple taxonomic scales using case studies from temperate forests. Our inquiry provides several major insights towards a better understanding of FLS variation. First, we show that support for FLS hypotheses is sensitive to how FLSs are defined, with quantitative definitions being the most useful for robust hypothesis testing. Second, we demonstrate that concurrent support for multiple hypotheses should be the starting point for future FLS analyses. Finally, we highlight how adopting a quantitative, intraspecific approach generates new avenues for evaluating fitness consequences of FLS variation and provides cascading benefits to improving predictions of how climate change will alter FLSs and thereby reshape plant communities and ecosystems.
Association between oral lichen planus and systemic conditions and medications: Case–control study
Authors: Dave Anjali , Shariff Jaffer , Philipone Elizabeth 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the association between oral lichen planus (OLP) and a variety of systemic conditions, medication, and supplement usage.Materials and MethodA total of 156 patients diagnosed with OLP and 156 controls at Columbia University Irving Medical Center from 2000 to 2013 were selected as part of the matched (1:1) case–control study. Demographics, systemic conditions, prescription medications and supplements were extracted from the patients’ medical records. A univariable conditional logistic regression (CLR) analysis was performed to calculate unadjusted odds ratio, to identify significant variables associated with OLP (p < .10). Significant variables were further tested using multivariable CLR analysis with both forward and backward selection to calculate adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and further distinguish variables associated with OLP (p < .05).ResultsThis analysis identified six significant variables: thyroid disorder (aOR:5.1,95%CI:2.3–11.2), any form of cancer (aOR:3.4,95%CI:1.4–8.4), type 2 diabetes (aOR:2.8,95%CI:1.2–6.3), hyperlipidemia (aOR:2.3,95%CI:1.3–4.1), oral sedative usage (aOR:6.3,95%CI:1.8–22.5), and vitamin D supplementation (aOR:2.7,95%Cl:1.3–6.0).ConclusionThyroid disorders, cancer, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, sedatives, and vitamin D supplementation were found to be associated with OLP. Additional investigation is required to explore these associations, which could shed light on the potential mechanism of OLP and reinforce the idea that oral lesions could be predicative of previously undetected systemic conditions.
Knockout of NRAGE promotes autophagy‐related gene expression and the periodontitis process in mice
Authors: Liu Haixia , Zhang Xu , Yang Qixiang , Zhu Xueqin , Chen Fubo , Yue Jing , Zhou Rong , Xu Yuanzhi , Qi Shengcai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveNeurotrophin receptor‐interacting MAGE homologue (NRAGE) plays a crucial role in the regulation of bone metabolism. The present study investigated the regulation role of NRAGE on autophagy activation and periodontitis process during experimental periodontitis.Materials and MethodsSix‐week‐old wild‐type (WT) and NRAGE−/− mice were randomly divided into three time points in the periodontitis groups (0, 2, and 4 weeks). Histopathological changes were determined using the tooth mobility, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT). Osteoclasts activation and number were investigated using tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, immunohistochemistry, and real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐PCR). The level of autophagy‐related gene expression was measured using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and RT‐PCR.ResultsH&E staining and Micro‐CT showed that the destruction of the alveolar bone was considerably more severe in the NRAGE−/− group than the WT group after ligation. Tooth mobility in the NRAGE−/− group was obviously higher than that in the WT group. The activation and number of osteoclasts and the level of autophagy‐related gene expression in NRAGE−/− group were significantly higher than that in WT group.ConclusionsThe present study showed that knockout of NRAGE induced autophagy‐related gene expression and accelerated the process of periodontitis disease via increasing the activity and differentiation of osteoclast.
Association between preoperative hemoglobin levels after iron supplementation and perioperative blood transfusion requirements in children undergoing scoliosis surgery
Authors: Switzer Timothy , Naraine Nadia , Chamlati Racha , Lau Wendy , McVey Mark J. , Zaarour Christian , Faraoni David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsIn this study, we assessed the association between preoperative hemoglobin and red blood cell transfusion in children undergoing spine surgery after the implementation of our preoperative iron supplementation protocol.MethodWe performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion surgery between January 2013 and December 2017 and received preoperative iron supplementation. We used uni‐ and multivariable logistic regression to determine the association between preoperative hemoglobin level and red blood cell transfusion in patients receiving iron supplementation.ResultsA total of 382 patients treated with preoperative oral iron were included. Of these, 175 (45.5%) patients were transfused intraoperatively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed nonidiopathic etiology of the scoliosis (OR 4.178 [95% CI: 2.277‐7.668], P < .001), the Cobb angle (OR 1.025 [95% CI: 1.010‐1.040], P = .001), and number of vertebrae fused (OR 1.169 [95% CI: 1.042‐1.312], P = .008) were associated with red blood cell transfusion. In addition, patients with a preoperative hemoglobin ≥ 140 g/L (OR 0.157 [95% CI: 0.046‐0.540], P = .003), and hemoglobin between 130 and 140 g/L (OR 0.195 [95% CI: 0.057‐0.669], P = .009) were less likely to be transfused compared with patients with preoperative hemoglobin between 120 and 130 g/L (OR 0.294 [95% CI: 0.780‐1.082], P = .066) or <120 g/L (reference).ConclusionOur study suggests that higher preoperative hemoglobin levels (>130 g/L) are associated with a reduced need for red blood cell transfusion in pediatric patients who have received iron supplementation before undergoing posterior spinal fusion in our institution. The effect of iron supplementation, the optimal dosing, and duration of supplemental iron therapy remains unclear at this time.