bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Understaffing on Delaying Early-Stage SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak Detection
Authors: WADJIDOU BOUKARI , Todorovic Ivana , Fenjie Long 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Having a minimum number of workers in medical services is widely regarded as a key component of disease prevention. However, with the delay in confirming cases of SARS-CoV-2, the understaffed medical providers informed late and the virus has rapidly spread nationally. Methods This study, based on the Dempster-Shafer theory method and Evidential Reasoning, assesses the risks posed by understaffing for the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Results The findings examine six (6) factor risks and show that the understaffing risk in 2019 was 0.14% in magnitude in Wuhan, compared to 0.27% in Shenzhen. When ranking understaffing risks from low to high, the findings show that they increased from 3.979 to 3.983% and from 3.998 to 4.002% in Wuhan and Shenzhen, respectively. Conclusions We first conclude that from the SARS-CoV-1 to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, understaffing risk equally increased at 0.004% in both cities. However, Shenzhen city is at a higher risk than Wuhan city. Second, Shenzhen understaffing delayed SARS-CoV-2 outbreak prevention 0.13% more than Wuhan city. We generally conclude that Shenzhen city could be doubly worse off than Wuhan city if it was the epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Therefore, public health care training and employment policy must be optimized to complete the lack not only in both cities but also in other cities to prevent future outbreaks.
A machine learning based forecast model for the COVID-19 pandemic and investigation of the impact of government intervention on COVID-19 transmission in China
Authors: Lu Xingcheng , Yuan Dehao , Chen Wanying , Fung Jimmy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has killed over 0.3 million people, disrupted people’s normal lives, and severely restricted economic activities globally. In this work, a model for the next-day COVID-19 prediction in China was built based on the ensemble back-propagation neural network machine learning technique, Baidu migration index, internal travel flow index, and confirmed cases from the previous days. The 10-fold cross-validation results showed that the model performs well in estimating the next-day confirmed cases with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. To investigate the impacts of government interventions on the spread of this new coronavirus infection, the Baidu migration index and internal travel flow index multiplied by a factor of two were input into the trained machine learning model, and the results showed that the confirmed cases in the analyzed cities would increase dramatically. The correlation between the daily new confirmed cases and some meteorological factors were also analyzed, and the results revealed that these factors are not dominant in influencing the spread of this disease. Overall, the results of this work suggest that besides early diagnosis and medical treatment, a city lockdown policy is one of the most effective methods in suppressing the rapid spread of COVID-19.
Lithium Administered to Pregnant, Lactating and Neonatal Rats: Entry into Developing Brain.
Authors: Saunders Norman Ruthven , Chiou Shene Yi-Shiuan , Kysenius Kai , Habgood Mark David , Huang Yifan , Koehn Liam M , Crouch Peter J. , Dziegielewska Katarzyna Magdalena 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundLittle is known about the extent of drugs administered to pregnant and lactating women entering the developing brain. Lithium is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for bipolar disorder. Here we studied transfer of lithium given to dams, into blood, brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in embryonic, postnatal and adult rats.MethodsLithium chloride in a clinically relevant dose (3.2mg/Kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally into pregnant (E15-18) and lactating dams (birth-P16) or directly into postnatal pups (P0-P16). Acute treatment involved a single injection; chronic treatment involved twice daily injections for the duration of the experiment. Following terminal anaesthesia blood plasma, CSF and brains were collected. Lithium levels and brain distribution were measured using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS).Results Lithium was detected in blood, CSF and brain of all fetal and postnatal pups following lithium treatment of dams. Its concentration in pups’ blood was consistently below that in maternal blood (30-35%) indicating significant protection by the placenta and breast tissue. Levels of lithium in plasma fluctuated in different treatment groups but its concentration in CSF was stable at all ages, in agreement with known stable levels of endogenous ions in CSF. Only a small non-significant increase of lithium transfer into CSF occurred following application of Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor (Digoxin) in vivo, indicating that Na+/K+ ATPase is at most only a minor mechanism for lithium transfer across choroid plexus cells into CSF early in development. Presumably lithium transfer across choroid plexus epithelial cell is occurring predominantly via other ion channels. ConclusionsInformation obtained on the distribution of lithium in developing brain provides a basis for studying possible deleterious effects on brain development and behaviour in offspring of mothers undergoing lithium therapy.
Structurally different lysophosphatidylethanolamine species stimulate neurite outgrowth in cultured cortical neurons via distinct signaling pathway
Authors: Hisano Kazutoshi , Kawase Shiori , Mimura Tetsuhiko , Yamada Hiroki , Haniu Hisao , Tsukahara Tamotsu , Kurihara Taiga , Matsuda Yoshikazu , Saito Naoto , Uemura Takeshi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Neurite outgrowth is important in neuronal circuit formation and functions, and for regeneration of neuronal networks following trauma and disease in the brain. Thus, identification and characterization of the molecules that regulate neurite outgrowth are essential for understanding how brain circuits form and function and for the development of treatment of neurological disorders. In this study, we found that lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), one of the lysophospholipids, influences neurite outgrowth in cultured cortical neurons. Extracellular application of either of the structurally different LPE spices, palmitoyl LPE (16:0 LPE) and stearoyl LPE (18:0 LPE) dramatically increased the areas of axon and dendrite without affecting the neuronal viability. Subsequent analysis revealed that both LPEs increased the length of neurite in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, inhibition of phospholipase C, one of the effectors for G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated signaling pathways, inhibited 18:0 LPE-stimulated neurite outgrowth but not 16:0 LPE-stimulated neurite outgrowth. The effects of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors on neurite outgrowth were also different. Inhibitor against PKCα, β, δ, ε, η, and θ inhibited both 16:0 LPE- and 18:0 LPE-induced neurite outgrowth. In contrast, an inhibitor against PKCα, β, γ, δ, and ζ inhibited the 18:0 LPE effect but not the 16:0 LPE effect. We also found that both 16:0 LPE and 18:0 LPE activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. There was no substantial difference in the amount of phosphorylated MAPK/ERK1/2 between 16:0 LPE and 18:0 LPE-treated cultures. MAPK inhibitor completely inhibited 18:0 LPE-induced neurite outgrowth and partially inhibited 16:0 LPE-induced neurite outgrowth. Thus, the effect of the MAPK inhibitor differed between the 16:0 LPE- and 18:0 LPE-treated cultures. Collectively, the results suggest that the structurally different LPE species, 16:0 LPE and 18:0 LPE stimulate neurite outgrowth through the distinct signaling cascades in cultured cortical neurons.
Connection Between EIF3S3 Polymorphisms and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prognosis
Authors: Yang Chao , Du Peng , Lu Wei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: EIF3S3 that encodes a p40 subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3), has been reported overexpression in several human malignancies. The expression of EIF3S3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its clinical role in the disease progression is still unclear. Here we aimed to study the effect of EIF3S3 on HCC prognosis.Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain-reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to assess the mRNA levels of EIF3S3 in 120 HCC tissues samples and 60 adjacent noncancerous specimens. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis was used to study the prognostic value of EIF3S3.Results: The expression of EIF3S3 was significantly increased in HCC compared to the expression found in adjacent tissues (P<0.001). Furthermore, high EIF3S3 expression was positively correlated with vascular invasion, tumor size, cirrhosis, AFP levels and TNM stage (all P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high EIF3S3 expression had worse overall survival (OS) (P<0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P<0.001) than those with low EIF3S3 expression. In addition, multivariable analysis revealed that EIF3S3 could be an independent prognostic factor of OS (P<0.001) and DFS (P<0.001) for patients with HCC.Conclusion: The results suggested that EIF3S3 might serve as a promising prognostic factor for OS and DFS of HCC patients.
Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Behaviours on Malaria Prevention in Zambezia Province, Mozambique
Authors: Fonseca Liliana da , Arroz Jorge Harrison , Martins Maria do Rosario O. , Hartz Zulmira , Negrao Nuria W , Muchanga Victor , Cossa Amadeu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: In Mozambique, the socio-economic and cultural factors influence the wide adoption of disease preventive measures, which is relevant for malaria control strategies that rely on early recognition of disease, prompt seeking of medical care, sleeping under mosquito nets, and taking intermittent preventive treatment for pregnant women. However, there is a critical information gap regarding to previous and ongoing malaria Social Behaviour Communication (SBC) interventions. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and behaviours of the beneficiaries of SBC interventions. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was undertaken in 2018 in two rural districts of Zambezia province, Mozambique. A structured questionnaire was administered to 773 randomly selected households. Respondents are the heads of the households, adults above 18 years old. Descriptive statistics were done.Results: The main results show that around 96.4 % respondents recalled hearing about malaria in the previous 6 months and 90.0% had knowledge on malaria prevention and 70.0% on preventive measures ; from 97.7% respondents that received bed nets through the mass bed net distribution campaign, 81.7% slept under a bed net the night before the survey; 70.5 % recognized the role of community volunteers in the dissemination of malaria prevention messages; 76.1 % of respondents considered worship places (churches and mosques) to be the main places where they heard key messages on malaria prevention and 79.1 % asserted that community dialogue sessions helped them better understand how to prevent malaria.Conclusions: Results show that the volunteers/activists/teachers have played an important role in the dissemination of key malaria prevention messages which brought the following successes: community actors are recognized and people have knowledge on malaria transmission, signs and symptoms, preventive measures, and where to get treatment. There is room for improvement on the SBC messaging regarding some malaria symptoms (anaemia and convulsions); and operational research is needed to ascertain the drivers of malaria prevalence and social and behaviour communication approach.
Designing and Implementing Health Concerns Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic: Explorative Study
Authors: Rostamzadeh Mehran , Zamani Narges , Haddadi Arya 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Coronavirus and its psychological impacts on people have been taken into attention by scholars due to the psychosocial crisis. Fear, worry, and psychological agitation are common experiences due to uncertainties in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is a comprehensive research for finding the methods of intervention to these psychological health issues based on presumable concerns.Method a multi-stage mixed study conducted in 3 stages. Stage one was a qualitative study to prioritizing and determining concerns about coronavirus with an in-depth semi-structured interview. Stage two was another qualitative study to design an appropriate intervention through the Nominal group technique (NGT) by collecting the brainstorming’s health specialists or expert panel. Stage three was a quantitative study to determine the effect of BETTER therapy; the counseling method as a clinical intervention for high-risk populations who were randomly assigned to experimental or intervention and control groups. Results In stage one, participants expressed five main concerns about COVID-19. In stage two, the health concern like inaccurate information and unpredictable disease were identified as the priority concerns preceded in designing the intervention. In stage three, a significant difference between the two groups presents the clinical intervention was effective in improving performance, marital intimacy, and reducing the subjects’ distress.
Whole Exome Sequencing Identified Novel Mutation in SUOX Gene Causes Extremely Rare Autosomal Recessive Isolated Sulfite Oxidase Deficiency
Authors: Zhang Rui , Hao Yajing , Xu Ying , Qin Jiale , Wang Yanfang , Dey Subrata Kumar , Li Chen , Wang Huilin , Banerjee Santasree 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency (ISOD) is the rarest types of life-threatening neurometabolic disorders characterized by neonatal intractable seizures and severe developmental delay with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. ISOD is extremely rare and only 29 mutations have been identified and reported worldwide. Germline mutation in SUOX gene causes ISOD. Results: Here, we investigated a 5-days old Chinese girl, presented with intermittent tremor or seizures of limbs, neonatal encephalopathy, subarachnoid cyst and haemorrhage, dysplasia of corpus callosum, neonatal convulsion, respiratory failure, cardiac failure, hyperlactatemia, severe metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, moderate anemia, atrioventricular block and complete right bundle branch block. Karyotype and chromosomal microarray analysis were performed and identified no chromosomal abnormalities in the proband. Whole exome sequencing was performed for the proband. Sanger sequencing was performed for the proband and her family members. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel heterozygous deletion (c.1406_1421delCCTGGCAGGTGGCTAA) and a previously reported heterozygous substitution (c.1200C>G) in exon 6 of the SUOX gene in the proband. The novel heterozygous deletion leads to frameshift (p.Thr469Serfs*20) which results into the formation of a truncated sulfite oxidase of 488 amino acids. The substitution leads to a premature stop codon (p.Tyr400*) followed by the formation of a truncated sulfite oxidase of 399 amino acids. Hence, both the variants are loss-of-function variants. The proband’s father and mother is carrying the substitution and deletion in a heterozygous state respectively. These two variants were not identified in the elder brother of the proband as well as in the 100 healthy individuals. Conclusion: Here, we reported the first variant of SUOX gene associated ISOD in Chinese population. Our study not only expand the mutational spectrum of SUOX gene associated ISOD, but also strongly suggested the application of whole exome sequencing for identifying the novel disease-causing mutation in candidate genes.
Adverse impact of renin-angiotensin system blockade on the clinical course in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lim Jeong-Hoon , Cho Jang-Hee , Jeon Yena , Kim Ji Hye , Lee Ga Young , Jeon Soojee , Noh Hee Won , Lee Yong-Hoon , Lee Jaehee , Chang Hyun-Ha , Jung Hee-Yeon , Choi Ji-Young , Park Sun-Hee , Kim Chan-Duck , Kim Yong-Lim , Kim Shin-Woo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We investigated the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and the risk of mortality in hospitalized severe COVID-19 patients. A retrospective cohort study was performed on all hospitalized COVID-19 patients in tertiary hospitals in Daegu, Korea. Patients were classified based on whether they received ACE-I or ARB before COVID-19 diagnosis. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for the analysis of survival. Of 130 COVID-19 patients, 30 (23.1%) who received ACE-I or ARB showed an increased the risk of in-hospital mortality (adjusted HR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.04 to 4.44; P = 0.038). ACE-I or ARB were also associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome or mechanical ventilation (adjusted OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.18 to 9.69; P = 0.024), and acute kidney injury or shock (adjusted OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.04 to 7.56; P = 0.042). Among the patients with ACE-I or ARB, 14 (46.7%) discontinued the therapy and the cessation was associated with a higher mortality rate. ACE-I or ARB therapy in severe COVID-19 patients was associated with occurrence of severe complications and increased in-hospital mortality. Discontinuation of ACE-I or ARB in patients with more severe COVID-19 was not associated with improvement of mortality.
Momentum Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 Sequences on Variant Maps
Authors: Li Xinmei , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Applying momentum measures and probability distributions, a visual scheme is proposed in this paper to transfer SARS-CoV-2 genomes to two distinct maps to be the A6 module of the MAS. Based on collected datasets of SARS-CoV-2 on different countries as examples, relevant characteristics and correlation of probability distributions are described. In visualization of two patterns under momentum measurement, there are two visual forms of Pattern 1 and Pattern 2. Two forms are generated from the same sequence on different focuses. Pattern 1 describes the momentum distribution of a segment accounting for whole genomes, and Pattern 2 visualizes the differences in momentum distributions on various segments.This is a new type of analysis measurement to explore complex connections and differences among sets of SARSCoV-2 genomes for their availability.
Observing Variations of Differences on COVID-19 in Varous Regions Extracting Type and Mutation Information
Authors: Liu Jianzhong , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Covid-19 genomes were collected from three regions: Shanghai-China, Tbilisi-Georgia and Sydney-Australia. Five similar genomes were selected from each region for research in this paper. Applying the "datum gene sequence" method proposed, our results show that variation is immense in the Sydney-Australia region, followed by variation in the Tbilisi-Georgia region, which has a minimal value in the Shanghai-China region.
Thyroid Hormones Predict ICU Mortality After Cardiopulmonary bypass in Congenital Heart Disease Patients Under 3 Months Old
Authors: Yu Di , Zou Liang , Cun Yueshuang , Li Yaping , Wang Qingfeng , Shu Yaqin , Mo Xuming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Backgroup: To study the effectiveness of thyroid hormones in predicting intensive care unit (ICU) mortality after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods: We retrospective observational analyzed data from 133 patients under 3 months old who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB from June 2017 to November 2019.ICU mortality prediction was assessed by multivariate binary logistic regression analysis and area under the curve (AUC) analysis. Results: Non-survivors were younger (17.46±17.10 days vs. 38.63±26.87 days, P=0.006), with a higher proportion of neonates (9/13 vs. 41/120, P=0.017) and a higher proportion of individuals with Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery-1 (RACHS-1) score ≥4 (8/13 vs. 31/120, P=0.020). No significant difference was found in CPB and aortic cross-clamping (ACC) time. The levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) (3.91±0.99 pmol/L vs. 5.11±1.55 pmol/L, P=0.007) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) (1.55±0.35 nmol/L vs. 1.90±0.57 nmol/L, P=0.032) were higher in survivors compared with non-survivors. In the ICU mortality prediction assessment, only FT3 was an independent mortality predictor and showed a good AUC (0.856 ± 0.040). Conclusion: FT3 was a powerful and the only independent predictor of ICU mortality in CHD infants under 3 months old after CPB.
On the issue of suspension of the front carriages of the running system of a feller buncher
Authors: Александров В.А. , Александров А.В. , Гомон Д.Ю. 
Published: September 2020

Разработана динамическая модель системы «валочно-пакетирующая машина – предмет труда – дерево». Математическое описание составлено в форме уравнения Лагранжа 2-го рода. Система дифференциальных уравнений решена относительно упругой деформации манипулятора. Апробация модели осуществлена на примере серийно выпускаемой валочно-пакетирующей машины ЛП-19А.
In article the dynamic model of system is developed «the operator-skidding tractor – tree bunch». The mathematical description is worked out in the form of the equation of Lagranzha second number. The system of the equation is volved concerning elastic deformation of the suspension seats. Model approbation is carried out on an example of serially felling and skidding machine LP-19A.
Vibration effect to the operator of feller buncher in the mode of starting from the place
Authors: Александров В.А. , Александров А.В. , Лузанова Л.Н. 
Published: September 2020

Разработана модель динамической системы: «оператор – валочно- пакетирующая машина – предмет труда – дерево». Математическое описание составлено в форме уравнения Лагранжа 2-го рода. Система уравнений решена относительно деформации упругой связи сидения с корпусом машины методом Рунге–Кутта, с помощью среды программирования MathCAD. Апробация модели осуществлена на примере серийно выпускаемых валочно- пакетирующих машин ЛП-19А в режиме разгона при трогании с места. Установлено, что вибронагруженность операторов ВПМ превышает санитарные нормы в 1,8–3,6 раза. Для снижения вибронагруженности операторов целесообразно ограничивать ускорения трогания машины с места до 0,4 м/с2.
In article the model of biodynamic system is developed «the operator – feller – the packaging car (feller – buncher machine) – an object of the labor – a tree». The mathematical description is worked out in the form of the equation of Lagranzha second number. The system of the equations is solved concerning elastic deformation suspension seats of the operator by a method of Runge–Kutta, by engineering math software MathCAD. Model approbation is carried out on an example of serially let out feller-packaging cars LP-19A in the dispersal mode at start-off from the place. As a result of researches it is established: vibroloading operators of feller-packaging cars exceeds the sanitary code in 1.8–3.6 times. For decrease vibroloading operators it is expedient to limit accelerations at start-off from the place to 0.4 m/s2.