bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
"De det er jobb med og som ikke har kommet noen vei"
Authors: Olaussen Andrea Hjertås , Kjelaas Irmelin 
Published: January 2021

Denne artikkelen omhandler fire norsklæreres forestillinger om flerspråklighet i skolen. Lærere har en nøkkelrolle i å implementere språk- og språkopplæringspolitikk. Med ny læreplan, Kunnskapsløftet 2020, er betoningen av språklig mangfold i skolen styrket. Både i overordnet del og i læreplanene for de ulike språkfagene, er språklig mangfold løftet fram, og det heter blant annet at: “Alle elever skal få erfare at det å kunne flere språk er en ressurs i skolen og i samfunnet” (Kunnskapsdepartementet 2017). Dette gjør det viktig og interessant å undersøke lærere generelt, og norsklærere spesielt, sine forestillinger om flerspråklighet. Læreres forestillinger – og praksis – vil være påvirket av den sosiolingvistiske konteksten (Sollid 2019), og norsklærere står i en “sosiolingvistisk særstilling” idet de har et særlig mandat til å videreføre norsk språk og kulturarv. Dette gjør det særlig interessant å undersøke forestillingene deres i lys av språklige ideologier, det vil si implisitte, selvfølgeliggjorte forestillinger om språk, språkbruk, språkbrukere og altså språkopplæring (McGroarty 2010). Denne studien legger et slikt sosiolingvistisk perspektiv til grunn og undersøker mer konkret hvilke forestillinger lærerne har om flerspråklighet, flerspråklige elever og flerspråklighet i opplæringen. Studien er kvalitativ med dybdeintervju som datainnsamlingsmetode. Et hovedfunn er at lærerne har en relativt smal definisjon av flerspråklighet, og primært oppfatter elever med en annen nasjonal og språklig bakgrunn og lav akademisk progresjon som flerspråklige. Videre finner vi at lærerne er orientert mot elevenes norsklæring, og oppfatter morsmål/førstespråk som et redskapsspråk for å lære norsk. Det er dessuten primært kulturelt og ikke språklig mangfold som trekkes fram som en ressurs i opplæringen. Vår tolkning er at lærernes forestillinger kan forstås som uttrykk for en enspråklighetsideologi (Blommaert 2009), som sammen med en “en-nasjon-ett-språk”-ideologi (Blackledge & Creese 2010), purisme (Ommeren 2017) og nativespeakerism (Ortega 2019) resulterer i at flerspråklige elever ikke bare konstrueres som, men også risikerer å bli, elever med vesentlige utfordringer i opplæringen – altså elever som “det er jobb med”.
Measurement and differentiation of banana juice scent using an electronic nose FF-2A
Authors: Nomura Mayumi , Osada Erika , Tokita Tsuyoshi , Iwamoto Takeo , Manome Yoshinobu 
Published: January 2021

Background
Banana juice is becoming a popular beverage in Japan and the number of soft-drink stands or shops that take great care and pride in the quality of their products has been increasing. This study aims to measure the scent of banana juice from different brands using the electronic (e-) nose FF-2A in order to identify the characteristics, time-related changes, and the differences among them.

Methods
We standardized the scent value of banana juice measured using FF-2A and determined the absolute value in three different shops. We compared the similarities in samples from each shop with axis data created using standardized measurement. With FF-2A we identified the scent common to all banana juice samples from the composite scent and numerically showed the similarity to the reference gas.

Results
The juices from each shop had their own characteristics and we were able to identify the difference between some of these. The response of FF-2A varied according to the increase/decrease in the number of characteristic molecules measured by GC-MS such as overtime fluctuations in the gas. These data were shown along with the differences between the various banana juices.

Conclusions
FF-2A was able to identify the scent of banana juice at each banana shop as well as time-related changes. By combining GC-MS, we were able to evaluate scent components that changed over time. The results using the electronic nose may prove useful for objective evaluation and comparison of scent with other types of juices.
Studies on Optimization of Culture Conditions and Medium Components for the Production of Mycelial Biomass of Auricularia delicata under Submerged Fermentation
Authors: Jacob Muharagi Samwel , Xiao Li , Stephano Mabagala Frank , Anran Xu 
Published: January 2021

Aims: To optimize the culture conditions and medium components for the production of mycelial biomass of A. delicata under submerged fermentation.
Place and Duration of Study: China–Zambia Agricultural demonstration center and Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, China between July 2019 and June 2020.
Methodology: In this study, a single factor at a time method was employed in the optimization of submerged culture conditions and medium components for the production of mycelial biomass of A. delicata (strain YD 99). Each factor was screened independently while other factors were kept constant.
Results: The findings of this study demonstrate that the optimal culture conditions obtained were as follows: carbon source (Glucose) 20 gl-1, pH 6.0, nitrogen source (Yeast extract) 2 gl-1, mineral elements (K2HPO4+MgSO4.7H20) 2gl-1, and incubation temperature 25°C. The application of these optimal culture conditions produced a maximum concentration of 7.34gl-1 mycelial biomass of A. delicata.
Conclusion: Consequently, our results indicated that the optimization of culture conditions and medium components is of significant importance for the cultivation of A. delicata.
Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Imported Fruits and Vegetables in United Arab Emirates during 2019
Authors: Mageed Nasra M. Abd El- , Abdoun Ideisan I. Abu- , Janaan Abdulla S. 
Published: January 2021

An accurate, rapid and reliable method for the simultaneous determination of pesticide multi-residues in 9724 samples imported fresh fruits and vegetables by a method of liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry LC–ESI (+)-MS/MS operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, two transitions for each compound in the presence of internal standards and modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe (QuEChERS) method was used for the determination of 343 pesticides.
The performance of the analytical method was validated in accordance with EU SANCO guidelines (SANTE/12682/2019) for monitoring pesticide multi-residues. Residues of 93 compounds, mainly fungicides and insecticides, were detected in 3548 samples.
In this article, The potential applications of Liquid Chromatography and Tandem Mass spectrometry (MS/MS) techniques on monitoring pesticide residues of target samples of imported fruits and vegetables in United Arab Emirates (UAE) during the year 2019 is reported. The need for a continuous monitoring program of pesticide residues in imported fruits and vegetables is highly recommended and continuous process control for health and safety practices and to adhere to international agricultural and environmental policies of the country.
Augmentation by Rafting Screw on Fixation of the Lateral Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Hegazy Osama El Sayed Ali , Romeih Mohamed Abd El Hameid , Mahmoud Ashraf Atef , Gharbo Nabil Omar 
Published: January 2021

Background: Tibial plateau fracture is considered one of the most common intra-articular fractures, especially lateral condyle fractures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes of using subchondral periarticular rafting screw above a lateral plate without bone grafting or substitute for Schatzker type II and type III fractures.
Methods: This prospective study was carried out on 43 patients above the age of 18, fit for surgery with closed tibial plateau fracture [lateral split depression (type II) and lateral depression (type III) according to Schatzker classification] time of trauma less than 14 days with no other skeletal injuries. All patients were followed up for at least six months. All patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and using subchondral periarticular screws as rafting construct to maintain articular surface and protect it from collapse. Analysis of clinical outcome was clinically based on Modified Rasmussen clinical scoring system and radiologically based on Rasmussen radiological knee scoring system.
Results: In our study, 28 females and 15 males with a mean age of 49.5 years, mechanisms of trauma were road traffic accidents in 26 cases, and fall from height in 17 cases, 24 cases with Schatzker type II fracture, and 19 with type III. According to functional Rasmussen score, acceptable results were 93.1%, (76.8% excellent & 11.6% good) while non-acceptable results were 6.9%, (4.6% fair & 2.3% poor). According to radiological Rasmussen score, acceptable results were 83.7%, (65% excellent & 18.7% good) while non-acceptable results were 16.3%, (9.3% & 7%). No significant difference was found between the studied groups regarding sex, side affected, type of fracture, and type of trauma. The final outcome was significantly affected by age, medical history.
Conclusions: Fixation using a subchondral periarticular rafting screws for lateral split-depression and lateral depression tibial plateau fractures without using bone graft or bone substitutes is a viable and good option during open reduction and internal fixation, helps surgeons achieve and preserve the anatomic joint line and normal mechanical axis, with superior functional results in the short term. Therefore, avoiding morbidity associated with bone grafting without compromising the fracture stability.
Hybrid shuffled frog leaping and improved biogeography‐based optimization algorithm for energy stability and network lifetime maximization in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Tamilarasan Narayanasamy , Lenin S.B. , Jayapandian N. , Subramanian P. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryWireless sensor networks are significantly used for data sensing and aggregating dusts from a remote area environment in order to utilize them in a diversified number of engineering applications. The data transfer among the sensor nodes is attained through the inclusion of energy efficient routing protocols. These energy efficient routing necessitates optimal cluster head selection procedure for handling the challenge of energy consumption to extend the stability and lifetime in the sensor networks. The implementation of energy efficient routing is still complicated even when the process of clustering is enhanced through the cluster head selection. The majority of the existing cluster head selection schemes suffer from the issues of poor selection accuracy, increased computation, and duplicate nodes' selection. In this paper, hybrid shuffled frog leaping and improved biogeography‐based optimization algorithm (HSFLBOA) for optimal cluster head selection is proposed for resolving issues that are common in cluster head selection schemes. This proposed HSFLBOA used the objective function that used the parameters of node energy, data packet transmission delay, cluster traffic density, and internode distance in the cluster. The simulation results of the proposed HSFLBOA is determined to be significant in achieving superior throughput and network energy compared to benchmarked metaheuristic optimal cluster head schemes.
In silico design and synthesis of N‐arylalkanyl 2‐naphthamides as a new class of non‐purine xanthine oxidase inhibitors
Authors: Ho Sheau Ling , Lin Ching‐Ting , Lee Shoei‐Sheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA series of N‐arylalkanyl 2‐naphthamides (Xa~e), which were predicted from virtual molecular docking on a built xanthine oxidase template as potential inhibitors, were synthesized. Their inhibitory activity against xanthine oxidase was assayed. Among these prepared, compounds Xb (IC50 13.6 μM), Xc (IC50 13.1 μM), and Xd (IC50 12.5 μM) showed comparable inhibitory activity to allopurinol (IC50 22.1 μM). The in vitro assay result correlated well with molecular docking scores, ΔG = −16.99, −17.66, and −17.13 Kcal/mol, respectively. On the potassium oxonate‐induced hyperuricemic mice model, oral administration of Xc‐Ac (40 mg/ Kg), the per‐O‐acetylated Xc, could reduce the blood uric acid level by 60% in comparison to the normal control group and is statistically significant (p < .01) while compared with the hyperuricemic mice group.
A new market risk management approach for commercial banks' fixed‐income securities trading accounts
Authors: Liu Chang , Lin Dongtao , Wang Yifeng , Qi Shuai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs the financial market in China persistently develops, the market risk of commercial banks' trading account and its risk management have become a heated topic for both financial institutions and regulatory authority. Based on the fixed‐income securities trading's daily practices of commercial banks, this paper develops a framework of market risk management for commercial banks' RMB trading accounts.
Studying Ideational Change in Russian Politics with Topic Models and Word Embeddings
Authors: Indukaev Andrey 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter applies computational methods of textual analysis to a large corpus of media texts to study ideational change. The empirical focus of the chapter is on the ideas of the political role of innovation, technology, and economic development that were introduced into Russian politics during Medvedev’s presidency. The chapter uses topic modeling, shows the limitations of the method, and provides a more nuanced analysis with the help of word embeddings. The latter method is used to analyze semantic change and to capture complex semantic relationships between the studied concepts.
Shifting the Norm: The Case of Academic Plagiarism Detection
Authors: Kopotev Mikhail , Rostovtsev Andrey , Sokolov Mikhail 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter describes how academic plagiarism poses a challenge for digital humanities, when sophisticated tools make it possible to discover inappropriate academic activity. Focusing on dissertations defended in Russia in recent years, the authors discuss academic plagiarism and examine the changing norms of academic integrity. Section 27.1 introduces the questions under consideration. The next describes various types of plagiarism and computational tools used to detect them. Section 27.3 reviews available digitized resources. The activities of the Dissernet network are described in Sect. 27.4, which presents an overall picture of findings based on large-scale (more than 50%) plagiarism in dissertations. The case study described in Sect. 27.5 concerns small-scale plagiarism within the same academic genre, raising the question of academic authenticity’s shifting norms.
Automatic Sentiment Analysis of Texts: The Case of Russian
Authors: Loukachevitch Natalia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe chapter considers the problems of automatic sentiment analysis of texts including processing multiple opinions, implicit and explicit sentiment, ambiguity of sentiment words, sentiment modifiers, irreal context, comparisons, et cetera. Main approaches to sentiment analysis are briefly presented, including the types of sentiment vocabularies. Most attention is given to Russian-specific components of automatic sentiment analysis: publicly available vocabularies and sentiment-related shared tasks.
Adhesion Improvement of Thermoplastics-Based Composites by Atmospheric Plasma and UV Treatments
Authors: Scarselli Gennaro , Quan Dong , Murphy Neal , Deegan Brian , Dowling Denis , Ivankovic Alojz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present work is concerned with adhesive bonding of thermoplastic composites used in general aerospace applications, including polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetherimide (PEI) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) carbon fibre composites. Three different surface treatments have been applied to the PEEK, PPS and PEI-based composites in order to enhance the adhesion: atmospheric plasma, ultraviolet radiation (UV) and isopropanol wiping as a control. Water contact angles and free surface energies were measured following the standard experimental procedure based on the employment of three different liquid droplets. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were subsequently performed to characterize the surface chemistry of the samples after treatment. The single lap joints were manufactured and bonded by an Aerospace grade epoxy-based film adhesive originally developed for use on metals but with the ability to bond treated thermoplastics to good strength (supplied by Henkel Ireland). Quasi-static (QS) tests were conducted. The lap shear strength was evaluated, and the failure mechanisms of the different joints were examined for the range of surface treatments considered. It was found that the performances of the PEEK and PPS joints were considerably improved by the plasma and UV treatments resulting in cohesive and delamination failures, while PEI was unaffected by the plasma and UV treatments and performed very well throughout.
The Pornography “Rebooting” Experience: A Qualitative Analysis of Abstinence Journals on an Online Pornography Abstinence Forum
Authors: Fernandez David P. , Kuss Daria J. , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA growing number of individuals using online forums are attempting to abstain from pornography (colloquially termed “rebooting”) due to self-perceived pornography-related problems. The present qualitative study explored phenomenological experiences of abstinence among members of an online “rebooting” forum. A total of 104 abstinence journals by male forum members were systematically analyzed using thematic analysis. A total of four themes (with a total of nine subthemes) emerged from the data: (1) abstinence is the solution to pornography-related problems, (2) sometimes abstinence seems impossible, (3) abstinence is achievable with the right resources, and (4) abstinence is rewarding if persisted with. Members’ primary reasons for initiating “rebooting” involved desiring to overcome a perceived addiction to pornography and/or alleviate perceived negative consequences attributed to pornography use, especially sexual difficulties. Successfully achieving and maintaining abstinence was typically experienced to be very challenging due to habitual behavior patterns and/or cravings triggered by a multiplicity of cues for pornography use, but a combination of internal (e.g., cognitive-behavioral strategies) and external (e.g., social support) resources made abstinence attainable for many members. A range of benefits attributed to abstinence by members suggest that abstaining from pornography could potentially be a beneficial intervention for problematic pornography use, although future prospective studies are needed to rule out possible third variable explanations for these perceived effects and to rigorously evaluate abstinence as an intervention. The present findings shed light on what the “rebooting” experience is like from members’ own perspectives and provide insights into abstinence as an approach for addressing problematic pornography use.
Interpretation Bias Across Body Dysmorphic, Social Anxiety and Generalized Anxiety Disorder—A Multilevel, Diffusion Model Account
Authors: Dietel Fanny Alexandra , Möllmann Anne , Bürkner Paul-Christian , Wilhelm Sabine , Buhlmann Ulrike 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Interpretation biases are suggested to be transdiagnostic phenomena, but have rarely been compared across different disorders and current concerns.

Methods
We investigated explicit, decision-based, and more implicit, reaction time-based interpretation bias in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD; N = 29), social anxiety disorder (SAD; N = 36), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; N = 22), and non-clinical controls (NC; N = 32), using an adapted Word Sentence Association Paradigm (WSAP).

Results
Results indicated that interpretation bias occurred transdiagnostically, while content-specific bias patterns varied meaningfully across groups. BDD and SAD shared explicit and, more inconsistently, implicit interpretation biases for appearance-related and social situations. The GAD group exhibited an explicit and implicit negative interpretation bias for general situations, and an additional implicit lack of positive bias. Mechanistic Wiener diffusion model analyses revealed that interpretation bias patterns were mainly driven by speeded information uptake, potentially mirroring disorder-specific associative memory organization.

Conclusions
These findings have important implications for understanding interpretation biases as both etiological and treatment factors.
Investigation of university students’ behaviour in a Heterarchical twitter community
Authors: Yoshida Masami 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe conducted an investigational study of the formulation of the heterarchical online knowledge-based community among university students, which also involved users outside a course. As an exercise in a course, students were assigned to post their opinions regarding global issues on Twitter to connect with social actors. The emerging all connections were collected by Twitter’s application programming interface. Dataset was categorised into types of behaviourgraphics, which were styles of online users’ individual behaviour, as proposed by Solis. There were 954 tweets by 197 users, and 13 within 20 types of behaviourgraphics were exhibited in the Twitter community. However, students’ isolated tweets without any connection occupied 74% of all tweets. The tweets of social actors counted for merely 14% of students’ tweets, and connections in the community proved to be sparse. Compared with the types of behaviourgraphics in the results of our previous study, we could identify the following problems in students’ messages: content without relational cues, inhibition points in the content, lack of communicative behaviour, insufficient consideration of timeline, and lack of likeability. The results indicate the need to cultivate students’ sociability skills and their pre-investigation of other communities in order to expand their knowledge-based community. In terms of future studies, we discuss the importance of promoting a bridge to enhance connections with another community.