bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OGLE-2018-BLG-1269Lb: A Jovian Planet with a Bright I = 16 Host
Authors: Jung Youn Kil , Gould Andrew , Udalski Andrzej , Sumi Takahiro , Yee Jennifer C. , Han Cheongho , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Zhu Wei , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Chung-Uk , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. ,   (The KMTNet Collaboration), Mróz Przemek , Szymański Michał K. , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radek , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Ulaczyk Krzystof , Rybicki Krzysztof A. , Iwanek Patryk , Wrona Marcin ,   (The OGLE Collaboration), Abe Fumio , Barry Richard , Bennett David P. , Bond Ian A. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Donachie Martin , Fukui Akihiko , Hirao Yuki , Itow Yoshitaka , Kondo Iona , Koshimoto Naoki , Li Man Cheung Alex , Matsubara Yutaka , Miyazaki Shota , Muraki Yasushi , Nagakane Masayuki , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Suematsu Haruno , Sullivan Denis J. , Suzuki Daisuke , Tristram Paul J. , Yonehara Atsunori ,   (The MOA Collaboration)
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We report the discovery of a planet in the microlensing event OGLE-2018-BLG-1269 with a planet–host mass ratio q ∼ 6 × 10−4, i.e., 0.6 times smaller than the Jupiter/Sun mass ratio. Combined with the Gaia parallax and proper motion, a strong one-dimensional constraint on the microlens parallax vector allows us to significantly reduce the uncertainties of lens physical parameters. A Bayesian analysis that ignores any information about light from the host yields that the planet is a cold giant

orbiting a Sun-like star

at a distance of

. The projected planet–host separation is

. Using Gaia astrometry, we show that the blended light lies

from the host and therefore must be either the host star or a stellar companion to the host. An isochrone analysis favors the former possibility at >99.6%. The host is therefore a subgiant. For host metallicities in the range of

, the host and planet masses are then in the range of

and

, respectively. Low host metallicities are excluded. The brightness and proximity of the lens make the event a strong candidate for spectroscopic follow-up both to test the microlensing solution and to further characterize the system.
Limits on Protoplanet Growth by Accretion of Small Solids
Authors: Ali-Dib Mohamad , Thompson Christopher 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper identifies constraints on the growth of a small planetary core (0.3 M
⊕) that accretes millimeter-sized pebbles from a gaseous disk. We construct time-dependent spherical envelope models that capture physical processes that are not included in existing global hydrodynamic simulations, including particle size evolution, dust transport, and realistic gas equations of state. We assume a low enough disk density that pebbles are marginally coupled to the gas and are trapped efficiently near the core Bondi radius. Pebbles then drift rapidly enough to experience erosion by sandblasting, mutual collisions, and sublimation of water ice. We find that pebble fragmentation is more efficient than dust resticking. Therefore the high pebble accretion rate

needed to build a core of mass >M
⊕ leads to a high envelope metallicity and grain opacity. Above

yr−1, and without other luminosity sources, convective motions expand near the Bondi radius. The warm, dusty, and turbulent envelope buffers the inward drift of pebble debris: given a turbulent concentration factor f
turb ≳ 1 near the lower convective boundary, the core growth rate is limited to 1 × 10−7
f
turb
M
⊕ yr−1 and the e-folding time 3/f
turb Myr. The remainder of the solid debris is expelled as highly processed silicates. Pebble ice never reaches the core, and the envelope contains comparable amounts of H2/He and metals. We interpret our results using simpler steady models and semianalytical estimates. Future global simulations incorporating the processes modeled here are needed to understand the influence of rotation and vertical disk structure.
On the Approximation of the Black Hole Shadow with a Simple Polar Curve
Authors: Farah Joseph R. , Pesce Dominic W. , Johnson Michael D. , Blackburn Lindy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A black hole embedded within a bright, optically thin emitting region imprints a nearly circular “shadow” on its image, corresponding to the observer’s line of sight into the black hole. The shadow boundary depends on the black hole’s mass and spin, providing an observable signature of both properties via high-resolution images. However, standard expressions for the shadow boundary are most naturally parametrized by Boyer–Lindquist radii rather than by image coordinates. We explore simple, approximate parameterizations for the shadow boundary using ellipses and a family of curves known as limaçons. We demonstrate that these curves provide excellent and efficient approximations for all black hole spins and inclinations. In particular, we show that the two parameters of the limaçon naturally account for the three primary shadow deformations resulting from mass and spin: size, displacement, and asymmetry. These curves are convenient for parametric model fitting directly to interferometric data, they reveal the degeneracies expected when estimating black hole properties from images with practical measurement limitations, and they provide a natural framework for parametric tests of the Kerr metric using black hole images.
The Assembly History of M87 through Radial Variations in Chemical Abundances of Its Field Star and Globular Cluster Populations
Authors: Villaume Alexa , Foreman-Mackey Daniel , Romanowsky Aaron J. , Brodie Jean , Strader Jay 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present an extensive study of spectroscopically derived chemical abundances for M87 and its globular cluster (GC) system. Using observations from the Mitchell spectrograph at McDonald, LRIS at Keck, and Hectospec on the MMT, we derive new metallicity gradients from ∼2 to 140 kpc. We use a novel hierarchical statistical framework to simultaneously separate the GC system into subpopulations while measuring the metallicity gradients of those subpopulations. We create physically motivated spectral stacks of the GC subpopulations by leveraging the output of this statistical framework to perform the first application of abundance tagging in a massive early-type galaxy to better constrain the origins of the GC subpopulations and thus the assembly history of M87. We find a metal-poor, α-enhanced population of GCs in both the inner and outer halos unanticipated by current cosmological simulations of galaxy evolution. We use the remarkably flat metallicity gradients we find for both the metal-rich and metal-poor GC subpopulations in the inner halo as tentative evidence that some amount of the metal-poor GCs formed directly in the halo of M87 at high redshift.
Simulation of the Interplanetary Bz Using a Data-driven Heliospheric Solar Wind Model
Authors: Li Huichao , Feng Xueshang , Zuo Pingbing , Wei Fengsi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aimed to be ready for the transition from research to operation, we have developed a solar wind model by coupling a data-driven empirical coronal model with a magnetohydrodynamics heliospheric model. We performed a data-driven simulation of the solar wind for a two-year period during the declining and minimum phases of solar cycle 23. Comparisons with OMNI and Ulysses spacecraft data show that the model can reproduce the large-scale variations of the solar wind plasma parameters. The evolution of geocentric solar magnetospheric (GSM) B

x
and B

z
components are also reasonably duplicated by the model in terms of polarity and strength. Apparent signatures of the Russell–McPherron (R-M) effect are found from both observed data and simulated results, indicating that during the investigated interval the R-M effect is the dominant mechanism that controls the large-scale evolution of the north–south component of the interplanetary magnetic field in the GSM frame. The results demonstrate that the established model can provide valuable space weather information about the solar wind.
Inferring Parameters of GW170502: The Loudest Intermediate-mass Black Hole Trigger in LIGO’s O1/O2 data
Authors: Udall Richard , Jani Karan , Lange Jacob , O’Shaughnessy Richard , Clark James , Cadonati Laura , Shoemaker Deirdre , Holley-Bockelmann Kelly 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Gravitational wave (GW) measurements provide the most robust constraints of the mass of astrophysical black holes. Using state-of-the-art GW signal models and a unique parameter estimation technique, we infer the source parameters of the loudest marginal trigger, GW170502, found by LIGO from 2015 to 2017. If this trigger is assumed to be a binary black hole merger, we find it corresponds to a total mass in the source frame of

at redshift

. The primary and secondary black hole masses are constrained to

and

, respectively, with 90% confidence. Across all signal models, we find ≳70% probability for the effective spin parameter χ
eff > 0.1. Furthermore, we find that the inclusion of higher-order modes in the analysis narrows the confidence region for the primary black hole mass by 10%; however, the evidence for these modes in the data remains negligible. The techniques outlined in this study could lead to robust inference of the physical parameters for all intermediate-mass black hole binary candidates (≳100 M
⊙) in the current GW network.
In the Trenches of the Solar–Stellar Connection. I. Ultraviolet and X-Ray Flux–Flux Correlations across the Activity Cycles of the Sun and Alpha Centauri AB
Authors: Ayres Thomas R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study focuses on high-energy proxies of stellar magnetic activity over long-term starspot cycles of three low-activity Sun-like stars: α Centauri A (HD 128620: G2 V), α Cen B (HD 128621: K1 V), and the Sun itself. Data sets include: daily solar ultraviolet irradiance spectra and X-ray fluxes from the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment, during recent sunspot Cycles 23 and 24; Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph long-slit stigmatic imaging of solar Mg ii h (2803 Å) and k (2796 Å) in quiet and active regions; and Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph ultraviolet, and Chandra X-ray, campaigns on α Cen AB. Established stellar “flux–flux” relations, for example X-rays (T ∼ 1 MK) versus Mg ii (T ∼ 8000 K), showed increasing power-law slopes with increasing formation temperature, but these give way on the Sun to bent power laws, and surprising inversions in the activity hierarchy: Si iii is more “active” (steeper power laws) than N v, despite the latter’s four times higher formation temperature. The Sun’s flux–flux behavior, nevertheless, remarkably parallels its low-activity solar twin α Cen A. In contrast, the cooler, somewhat more active, K dwarf companion displays correlations more in line with the previous stellar paradigm. The new flux–flux relations offer a way to vet numerical spectral simulations and proxy-based irradiance models, and extrapolate solar global activity indices into regimes below or above the grasp of contemporary records, or to exoplanet hosts at the low end of the Sun-like activity ladder.
Advanced Composition Explorer Observations of Turbulence from 1998 through 2002: Data Intervals
Authors: Hamilton Kathleen E. , Smith Charles W. , Vasquez Bernard J. , Leamon Robert J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We have published several papers describing solar wind turbulence at 1 au using data from the Advanced Composition Explorer spacecraft. In an oversight that we regret, we never published the list of data intervals that constitute the database of observations. As we have recently returned to this database of observations in comparisons of turbulent observations by the Voyager spacecraft against established results from 1 au, we wish to now correct our oversight and publish the list of intervals that constitute the 1 au observations. Along with this, we show the distribution of some common solar wind parameters as contained within the database.
Estudo da eficiência de diferentes sanitizantes em alfaces (Lactuca sativa L.) comercializadas em estabelecimentos em Castanhal, Pará
Authors: Lima Layana Natália Carvalho de , Santos Rayssa Silva dos , Waughon Tonye Gil Matos , Figueiredo Elaine Lopes 
Published: September 2020

Atualmente, hortaliças in natura são amplamente recomendadas como parte da alimentação diária. Porém, podem tornar-se potenciais fonte de micro-organismos patogênicos. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência de três tipos de sanitizantes na eliminação/redução da carga microbiana de Escherichia coli, coliformes a 35 °C e Staphylococcus aureus em alfaces. Foram utilizados três sanitizantes: hipoclorito de sódio, dicloroisocianurato de sódio e ácido acético. As hortaliças foram distribuídas em três grupos: T0 (grupo controle), T5 e T15 (tratamento com 5 e 15 minutos de imersão nos sanitizantes, respectivamente). Os resultados mostraram que o tipo de sanitizante e o tempo de tratamento da sanitização apresentaram efeito significativo (p < 0,05) sobre os micro-organismos. O Grupo T0 apresentou os maiores valores de Log de UFC g-1, enquanto que o Grupo T15 apresentou os menores valores. O intervalo de 0 – 15 min de tratamento de sanitização apresentou os maiores números de redução decimal - NRD da carga microbiana para todos os sanitizantes testados, quando comparado com o outro intervalo de tempo 0 – 5 min. Nos dois intervalos de tempos de tratamento, o hipoclorito de sódio foi o sanitizante que mais diminuiu o número de coliformes totais e Staphylococcus aureus. Em contrapartida, o ácido acético foi o que obteve menor eficiência em relação às médias de NRD para os mesmos micro-organismos
Review of a new concept of glaucoma pathogenesis based on the glymphatic theory of cerebrospinal fluid circulation
Authors: Dolzhikov Aleksandr A. , Shevchenko Olga A. , Pobeda Anna S. , Peresypkina Anna A. , Dolzhikova Irina N. , Zhunusov Nikita S. , Lugovskoy Sergey S. 
Published: September 2020

General aspects of glaucoma: Glaucoma is a heterogeneous multi-factorial disease that is one of the main causes of blindness, along with degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve atrophy.
Theories of pathogenesis: There are three theories of glaucoma pathogenesis: biomechanical, vascular, and biochemical.
Basic theory of the glymphatic system: The classical knowledge of cerebrospinal fluid circulation has been revised, and in 2012 a new concept of glial-perivascular – glymphatic perfusion of the brain parenchyma was introduced. Due to experimental and clinical studies, it is approved by many scientists, especially in relation to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in which amyloid pathology is the result of dysfunction of the para-/perivascular transport/cleansing pathways.
Features of the optic nerve and the cribriform plate: The cribriform plate forms a barrier at the border of intraocular (IOP) and intracranial (ICP) pressures, thus affecting the para-/periarterial flow of cerebrospinal fluid to the optic nerve and retina, as well as the para-/perivenous cleansing outflow.
Morphofunctional evidence of an ocular glymphatic system: The presence of an ocular glymphatic system is con­firmed by in vivo experiments with the transfer of labeled substances through para-/perivascular structures from the ventricular or subarachnoid space to the optic nerve and by postmortem morphology.
Clinical evidence for the glymphatic system hypothesis: There is some clinical, including case-based, and epidemio­logical evidence for similarities between glaucomatous optic nerve/retinal injuries and AD, since both occur in the form of improper secretion of neurotoxic metabolites, and both are often diagnosed together.
La francophonie et la langue française dans le monde
Authors: Tremblay Christian 
Published: September 2020

En 1997, le rapport du professeur David Graddol, The future of English, publié par le British Council, ouvrait la voie à diverses études sur le poids des langues dans le monde au présent et au futur. La méthodologie n’était appliquée qu’à l’anglais et la francophonie en particulier était totalement ignorée. Qu’en serait-il aujourd’hui ? C’est à cette question que cette analyse s’efforce de répondre.
Les attentats nous terrorisent-ils ? L’impact des attentats du 13 novembre 2015 sur les préférences des Français
Authors: Bianquis Gaspard , Castell Laura 
Published: September 2020

Cet article étudie l’effet causal des attentats du 13 novembre 2015 sur les préférences des Français en matière d’intégration et de dépenses publiques. Les données utilisées sont issues du Baromètre d’opinion de la Drees, collecté du 13 octobre au 1 er décembre, permettant de traiter les attentats comme une expérience naturelle. Cette évaluation de l’impact des attentats du 13 novembre 2015 montre une forte augmentation de la cohésion sociale perçue par les Français. Les attentats n’ont pas conduit les Français à remettre en cause le système d’intégration préexistant ni la place des questions économiques et sociales dans l’action des pouvoirs publics, mais les ont au contraire conduits à défendre le système existant. Classification JEL : C01, H5, I31, Z18.
Du vote professionnel à la grève
Authors: Blavier Pierre , Haute Tristan , Penissat Étienne 
Published: September 2020

Alors que les pratiques de participation des salariés en entreprise ont souvent été analysées de manière séparée, cet article propose d’investiguer, dans le cas du secteur privé en France, les articulations entre ces pratiques, du vote professionnel à la grève, mais aussi d’en restituer les déterminants et les évolutions récentes en s’appuyant sur les données de l’enquête « Relations professionnelles et négociations d’entreprise » (REPONSE). La majorité des salariés n’est que très peu engagée en entreprise, tandis qu’une minorité y est très engagée. Ces deux pôles renvoient à la conjugaison de deux mécanismes : « l’exclusion de fait », définie comme le fait de ne pas pouvoir participer du fait de l’absence de scrutin ou d’action collective organisée, et « l’auto-exclusion ». La première apparaît fortement dépendante des logiques de fonctionnement du champ économique. En revanche, ce sont surtout les caractéristiques des salariés qui déterminent l’auto-exclusion : les plus précaires et les cadres participent moins, notamment lors des élections professionnelles. Par ailleurs, la participation en entreprise a connu un déclin généralisé depuis le début des années 2000 même si des dynamiques conflictuelles se développent au sein de certaines fractions du salariat.
Les péages dans les Pyrénées françaises (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles)
Authors: Conchon Anne 
Published: September 2020

Tant par le poids de l’histoire que par la présence de la frontière, les Pyrénées présentaient sous l’Ancien Régime une originalité évidente et une indéniable complexité du point de vue de la fiscallité exigible sur les échanges marchands : aux douanes s’ajoutaient les péages perçus sur les routes du piémont comme au cœur du massif montagneux, les leudes du Roussillon et quelques autres impositions locales. Tout au long du XVIIIe siècle, la monarchie va procéder à la vérification de ces droits et s’efforcer de supprimer les perceptions qui ne finançaient pas l’entretien des infrastructures de transport, ou qui pénalisaient l’économie locale comme le commerce transpyrénéen.
Voir ce qui ne se voit pas
Authors: Chrétien Fanny , Métral Jean-François , Olry Paul 
Published: September 2020

Le savoir-faire du fromager, enjeu central pour les filières d’appellation d’origine protégée (AOP), reposerait en grande partie sur « l’œil du fromager », ceci alors que la transformation du lait en fromages se fonde sur un ensemble de processus biochimiques et microbiologiques invisibles à l’œil nu. Dans cet article, nous faisons une proposition théorique visant à enrichir la notion de vision professionnelle développée par Goodwin en anthropologie. En s’inscrivant dans la tradition d’une analyse didactique professionnelle du travail, nous l’articulons à la notion de regard professionnel qui met en évidence la diversité des conceptualisations pragmatiques mobilisées et développées dans les actions de fabrication. Nous étayons notre proposition d’enrichissement à partir de deux terrains d’étude correspondant à deux filières fromagères AOP (Comté et Salers). Nous montrons comment une vision professionnelle débattue se dégage au travers des regards professionnels spécifiques. Ces derniers sont construits non seulement par des environnements sociotechniques, mais aussi selon les buts et stratégies qui engagent les fromagers dans leurs activités de transformation. Nos observations ouvrent alors un questionnement sur l’incidence de l’environnement sociotechnique sur les conditions de transmission/appropriation de « l’œil du fromager »
Climate Change-Induced Migration:
Authors: Bushesha Magreth S. 
Published: September 2020

This paper examines processes that make migration possible among climate change affected communities in Shinyanga Rural District of Shinyanga region, Tanzania. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used to gather data. Whereas qualitative data was analyzed thematically, numerical data was analyzed descriptively. Findings show that short term migration, plays an important role in soliciting resources necessary for permanent migration. Further, climate change-induced migration in the study area involves the realization that the eco-system is no longer livelihood supportive. The migration process also involves identification of opportunities in destination prior to moving out from the original home. Finally, migrants need to solicit resources to cater for en route costs and for investing in destination. The study concludes that climate change impacts ignite the desire to migrate. However, for migration to happen there are multiple facets that need to be addressed. The study recommends improved access to information about opportunities available elsewhere for people in climate change affected areas.
Open Skies Agreement and Code Sharing: What will be The Legal Impact?
Authors: BOZKURT Banu , ALHAN Yunus 
Published: September 2020

Airline carriage has became a more preferred way of transportation day by day. That is why the airline companies, regarding on one hand to develop their flight network and realize more profits on the other, started to cooperate with each other. Such cooperation was intensified with code sharing practice. Although code sharing seems good practice for airline companies, there is a reality that it has some difficulties problematic issues besides its advantages. In our study we will examine code sharing and Open State Agreement’ specialties in consideration of air carrier’s civil responsibility. We will analyze the possible legal problem that may be concluded from the code-sharing in conjunction with the OSA. In other words, we will examine the problems that occur when these two terms conflicts.