bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saving patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest using Impella: three case reports
Authors: Aida Kenta , Azuma Kazunari , Ishii Yuri , Suzuki Shoji , Oda Jun 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe efficacy of Impella for patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest is unknown. We report the cases of three patients with cardiogenic out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest who received hemodynamic support with Impella.Case presentationTwo patients, Case 2 and Case 3, received concomitant treatment with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and Impella. Percutaneous coronary intervention was undertaken in two patients, Case 1 and Case 3. Two patients, Case 1 and Case 3, showed favorable neurological function with the Glasgow–Pittsburgh cerebral performance and overall performance categories score of 1 at discharge.ConclusionThese findings suggest that Impella is effective in patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. Further studies are required to understand the use of Impella for patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest.
Late‐onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: a rare cause of recurrent abnormal behavior in adults
Authors: Hidaka Masaoki , Higashi Eiji , Uwatoko Takeshi , Uwatoko Kiku , Urashima Mayumi , Takashima Hiroshi , Watanabe Yoriko , Kitazono Takanari , Sugimori Hiroshi 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundOrnithine transcarbamylase is an enzyme of the urea cycle, which produces urea from ammonia. Although ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency mainly occurs as a severe neonatal‐onset disease, a late‐onset form that could become symptomatic from infancy to adulthood is also known.Case presentationA 34‐year‐old man presented with sudden onset of abnormal behavior, lethargy, and hyperammonemia (108 µmol/L). He had recently increased daily protein intake, which suggested urea cycle disorder. After initiation of protein‐restricted diet and treatment with arginine and sodium phenylbutyrate, his symptoms resolved, along with a decrease in the ammonia level. An R40H(c.119G > A) mutation in the OTC gene was identified.ConclusionAwareness of adult onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency in a patient with acute psychiatric symptoms due to hyperammonemia is important.
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Cross‐Coupling of Racemic Alkyl Bromides with Azole C(sp2)−H Bonds
Authors: Su Xiao‐Long , Ye Liu , Chen Ji‐Jun , Liu Xiao‐Dong , Jiang Sheng‐Peng , Wang Fu‐Li , Liu Lin , Yang Chang‐Jiang , Chang Xiao‐Yong , Li Zhong‐Liang , Gu Qiang‐Shuai , Liu Xin‐Yuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of enantioconvergent cross‐coupling of racemic alkyl halides directly with heteroarene C(sp2)−H bonds has been impeded by the use of a base at elevated temperature that leads to racemization. We herein report a copper(I)/cinchona‐alkaloid‐derived N,N,P‐ligand catalytic system that enables oxidative addition with racemic alkyl bromides under mild conditions. Thus, coupling with azole C(sp2)−H bonds has been achieved in high enantioselectivity, affording a number of potentially useful α‐chiral alkylated azoles, such as 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles, oxazoles, and benzo[d]oxazoles as well as 1,3,4‐triazoles, for drug discovery. Mechanistic experiments indicated facile deprotonation of an azole C(sp2)−H bond and the involvement of alkyl radical species under the reaction conditions.
Synthesis and application of thermal latent initiators of epoxy resins: A review
Authors: Chen Jie , Chu Na , Zhao Miao , Jin Fan‐Long , Park Soo‐Jin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEpoxy resin, which is extensively used in civil and industrial applications, shows excellent comprehensive performance, especially as a polymer matrix used in fiber‐reinforced composites. A thermal latent initiator, used as an epoxy curing agent, has high storage stability and is widely applied in the preparation of epoxy‐based blends and fiber‐reinforced composites. In this review, the basic properties of epoxy resins and commonly used curing agents are discussed while progress on the synthesis of thermal latent initiators is reviewed in detail. Moreover, the curing mechanisms, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of epoxy resins with thermal latent initiators are also discussed.
Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of ferrocene‐containing polymeric materials
Authors: Zampino Daniela , Pedotti Sonia , Ussia Martina , Dattilo Sandro , Mancuso Monique , Zaccone Renata , Patti Angela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFerrocenyl(benzyl) imidazole (FcIm) and two related methyl‐imidazolium salts (FcMIm+I– and FcMIm+PF6–) were synthesized for their incorporation into plasticized PVC by solvent casting technique. The obtained materials were investigated for their thermal stability and, compared to pure polymer, films containing ionic ferrocene derivatives in 0.5% w/w loading were found slightly more stable. The pure ferrocene compounds showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermis, but not against Escherichia coli, with a maximum for FcMIm+PF6– salt. After incorporation into PVC polymer, antibacterial activity against S. epidermis was observed (by disk diffusion test) only for PVC/FcMIm+PF6– (5% w/w) film, from which a release of 14.6% of the ferrocenilimidazolium cation in aqueous medium was measured after 24 hr.
Textile with a hydrogel and iron oxide nanoparticles for wastewater treatment after reactive dyeing
Authors: Atanasova Daniela , Staneva Desislava , Grabchev Ivo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, we describe for the first time the synthesis of a hydrogel with iron oxide nanoparticles, uniformly distributed in its structure on a polyamide fabric by surface initiated photopolymerization. The type of outgoing iron ions Fe(II), Fe(III), and the combination between them influences the properties of the iron oxide particles and the obtained composite materials (PAF2, PAF3, and PAF32). All composite materials have been investigated as catalysts in heterogeneous Fenton process for treating real industrial wastewater after dyeing of cotton fabric with reactive dye Drimarene K‐7B. Different conditions on the degradation of this dye have been investigated. The best result for discoloration has been obtained with PAF2 at concentration 9.4 g L−1 and pH = 2.2 in the presence of H2O2 (93.3 mmol L−1, where 78% of dye was degraded for 24 h and 90.5%‐for 48 h. The high salinity of wastewaters, typical for dyeing with reactive dyes favors discoloration, while surface‐active agents hinder the process. The obtained material is reusable and is more effective in less polluted water solutions. It has been found that the composite material can be used repeatedly.
Introducing Children to Anatomy: “Getting to Know Our Bodies: The First Step Toward Becoming a Scientist”
Authors: Ortug Gursel , Midi Ahmet , Elbizim Deniz Sude , Karaot Hasan , Yılık Elif , Uluışık Işılsu Ezgi 
Published: September 2020

Museums are used in every discipline to collect, classify, and present information for scientific purposes. They also serve as an effective educational medium. Since the establishment of a boutique anatomy museum at Bahçeşehir University, lectures, conferences, and seminars have been organized there over the past four years on the history of human anatomy and the human body. In order to raise awareness about the need to make anatomy accessible to kindergarteners and school‐aged children, rather than exclusively to undergraduate students, activities that are suited to a wide range of ages have been developed at the museum and at the anatomy laboratory. Four different sessions were conducted, including activities such as lectures using plastic models as props, shaping organs out of playdough, anatomy puzzles, watching cartoons, and examining specimens through a microscope. Healthy and pathologic anatomies were chosen to match daily themes. Among the kindergarteners and elementary school children, no grading was done, nor was any questionnaire administered; however, a survey was administered in the 10–12 age group (N = 64). According to the students' written feedback, 93.75% said they “are happy with microscope activities” while 84.37% said they “had so much fun” participating in the playdough activities. However, 18.75% criticized the activities, saying they “could have been longer.” In conclusion, it is believed that these “getting to know our bodies” activities that were hosted in the anatomy museum, including conferences, workshops, material preparation, and instructional movies, may play an important role in the development of a healthy society.
Facile synthesis of Mn‐Ce/N‐TiO2 composite for CO2 hydrogenation into methane and intensifying methane yield in biomethanation
Authors: Shivaraju Harikaranahalli Puttaiah , Anilkumar Kotermane Mallikarjunappa , Yashas Shivamurthy Ravindra , Harini Revanna , Shahmoradi Behzad , Maleki Afshin , McKay Gordon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of improved catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO2 into methane is a sustainable response to the energy crisis and environmental problems at the global level. Mn‐Ce/N‐TiO2 heterojunctions, comprising a Mn‐Ce concretion composite, were prepared using a sol–gel technique, and the photocatalytic hydrogenation of CO2 was studied using visible light as alternative driving energy. The photocatalyst composite was characterized, and synergistic effects on the photocatalytic hydrogenation of CO2 into methane were investigated. The characterization results confirmed that there was a considerable shifting of band‐gap energy towards the visible range with required properties, which enhances photocatalytic activities under natural sunlight. Carbon dioxide hydrogenation and its potential for conversion into methane was evaluated using a specially designed photoreactor and different light sources. The results show a CO2 hydrogenation rate of about 16.8% ±0.2 in a visible light‐assisted catalytic reduction process in 60 min. The irradiation time and light source were studied and significant impacts on CO2 hydrogenation were observed under a LED light source and with H2O vapor as a reducing agent (up to 23.4% ± 0.2). The effect of photocatalysis on the methane yield in the anaerobic digestion (biomethanation) process was evaluated and a potential methane yield of up to 13.5% within 24 h was observed. The results suggested promising and sustainable applications of the Mn‐Ce/N‐TiO2 heterojunction composite for CO2 hydrogenation and for the conversion of CO2 into fuel and methane in the biomethanation process. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Cigarette smoke induced neural tube defects by down‐regulating noggin expression
Authors: Yin Chuanhui , Cai Heng , Yang Dandan , Jian Yi , Zhang Jinfeng , Li Zhiwen , Wang Dong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMaternal smoking or passive smoking during gestation increases the risk of congenital birth defects, including neural tube defects (NTDs). Cigarette smoke is a recognized teratogen that causes NTDs, although the mechanisms are not well understood.MethodsAn established model of passive smoking in pregnant golden hamsters was used to observe the effect of cigarette smoke on neural tube development using scanning electron microscopy. Level of noggin expression in placenta and neural tube was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.ResultsOur results indicated that cigarette smoke can cause the neural tube closure of the golden hamster embryo to be delayed or not closed. In normal placental tissues noggin protein and RNA levels were highly expressed, and the expression level in the term placenta was lower than in that of the first trimester or second trimester through analyzing the Human Protein Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Cigarette smoke can down‐regulate noggin expression in the placenta and promote cell apoptosis. We observed that noggin expression was reduced and BMP2 expression was increased by cigarette smoke.ConclusionsCigarette smoke may cause cell apoptosis and accelerate placenta maturation. Meanwhile, cigarette smoke may inhibit the development of the embryo, and lead to the formation of NTDs via downregulating the expression of noggin and dis‐inhibition of BMP2.
Impact of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound on the growth of Schizochytrium sp. for omega‐3 production
Authors: Savchenko Oleksandra , Xing Jida , Burrell Mark , Burrell Robert , Chen Jie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSchizochytrium sp. is a microalga that is known for its high content of oils or lipids. It has a high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the accumulated oil, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA is an important additive for the human diet. Large‐scale production of Schizochytrium sp. can serve as an alternative source of DHA for humans as well as for fish feed, decreasing the burden on aqua systems. Therefore, research on improving the productivity of Schizochytrium attracts a lot of attention. We studied the potential of using low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in the growth cycle of Schizochytrium sp. in shake flasks. Different intensities and treatment durations were tested. A positive effect of LIPUS on biomass accumulation was observed in the Schizochytrium sp. culture. Specifically, LIPUS stimulation at the ultrasound intensity of 400 mW/cm2 with 20 min per treatment 10 times a day with equal intervals of 2.4 h between the treatments was found to enhance the growth of Schizochytrium biomass most effectively (by up to 20%). Due to the nature of cell division in Schizochytrium sp. which occurs via zoospore formation, LIPUS stimulation was inefficient if applied continuously during all 5 days of the growth cycle. Using microscopy, we studied the interval between zoospore formation in the culture and selected the optimal LIPUS application days (Days 0–1 and Days 4–5 of the 5‐day growth cycle). Microscopic images have also shown that LIPUS stimulation enhances zoospore formation in Schizochytrium sp., leading to more active cell division in the culture. This study shows that LIPUS can serve as an additional tool for cost‐efficiency improvement in the large‐scale production of Schizochytrium as a sustainable and environmentally friendly source of omega‐3 (DHA).
Simultaneous determination of sacubitrilat and fimasartan in rat plasma by a triple quad liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method utilizing electrospray ionization in positive mode
Authors: Giri Poonam , Joshi Vipul , Giri Shyamkumar , Delvadia Prashant , Jain Mukul R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn LC–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitation of fimasartan and sacubitrilat using positive ion mode. The protein precipitation method was employed for the extraction of fimasartan, sacubitrilat and alprazolam (internal standard) from rat heparinized plasma. Baseline separation of the analytes was accomplished using an ACE‐5, C18 (4.6 × 50 mm) column and gradient elution of mobile phase A (5 mm ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid in purified water) and B (acetonitrile:methanol, 80:20; v/v). All peaks of interest were eluted within a 5‐min runtime. The quantitation was achieved in the selected reaction monitoring mode. The developed method was validated as per US Food and Drug Administration guidelines and met the pre‐defined acceptance criteria. The method showed linearity from 5 to 10,000 ng/mL. The accuracy/precision of intra‐ and inter‐batch assays was 96.64%/2.05% to 109.17%/13.70% and 100.74%/3.76% to 106.39%/9.75% for fimasartan and 100.02%/1.49% to 113.80%/9.38% and 100.75%/2.31% to 108.40%/7.74% for sacubitrilat, respectively, in rat plasma. Fimasartan and sacubitrilat remained stable in rat plasma at different experimental conditions up to 21 days. The developed method was sensitive, selective and applied successfully to monitor plasma concentrations of fimasartan and sacubitrilat in an oral rat pharmacokinetic study.
Ultrasound‐microbubble cavitation facilitates adeno‐associated virus mediated cochlear gene transfection across the round‐window membrane
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Chen Zhengnong , Fan Liqiang , Landry Thomas , Brown Jeremy , Yu Zhiping , Yin Shankai , Wang Jian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe round window of the cochlea provides an ideal route for delivering medicines and gene therapy reagents that can cross the round window membrane (RWM) into the inner ear. Recombinant adeno‐associated viruses (rAAVs) have several advantages and are recommended as viral vectors for gene transfection. However, rAAVs cannot cross an intact RWM. Consequently, ultrasound‐mediated microbubble (USMB) cavitation is potentially useful, because it can sonoporate the cell membranes, and increase their permeability to large molecules. The use of USMB cavitation for drug delivery across the RWM has been tested in a few animal studies but has not been used in the context of AAV‐mediated gene transfection. The currently available large size of the ultrasound probe appears to be a limiting factor in the application of this method to the RWM. In this study, we used home‐made ultrasound probe with a decreased diameter to 1.5 mm, which enabled the easy positioning of the probe close to the RWM. In guinea pigs, we used this probe to determine that (1) USMB cavitation caused limited damage to the outer surface layer or the RWM, (2) an eGFP‐gene carrying rAAV could effectively pass the USMB‐treated RWM and reliably transfect cochlear cells, and (3) the hearing function of the cochlea remained unchanged. Our results suggest that USMB cavitation of the RWM is a good method for rAAV‐mediated cochlear gene transfection with clear potential for clinical translation. We additionally discuss several advantages of the small probe size.
On the use of native corn starch as a standard reference material for falling number
Authors: Delwiche Stephen R. , Liang Joshua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesFalling number (FN) is an analytical wheat quality procedure that uses viscometry to indirectly measure starch α‐amylase activity. National grain standards as well as sales contracts often contain specifications on this single‐number value. In recent years, an effort has been underway to define acceptable performance characteristics of the instruments used to measure falling number. Essential to this effort is the reliance on a standard reference material that has similar behavior of wheat, yet is more stable when stored over time. A recent study by one of the authors identified native corn starch among three other botanical starch sources as the most suitable candidate and defined the repeatability precision in the context of one laboratory possessing two identical instrument models. The current study was designed to evaluate corn starch in a network of eight instruments located throughout the continental United States, with the intention of producing guidelines for operational limits for statistical process control in a FN network.FindingsOver a four‐month period, biweekly (fortnightly) FN measurements repeatedly collected on analytical grade native corn starch sourced from a common container resulted in 99th percentile estimates of the coefficient of variation of repeated measurements of 6.0% and 8.1% for two scenarios: five and three successive runs, respectfully. Estimated 1st and 99th percentile FN limits, expressed as percentages for a laboratory's mean value compared to other laboratories in a network, were −10% and 10% for both scenarios. Additionally, the time‐stable nature of corn starch as a reference standard was verified, with seven laboratories showing no statistically significant linear trend with time and the eighth showing a very weak trend.ConclusionsNative unmodified corn starch may be used as a standard reference material in a network of FN instruments. The material is shelf stable at room temperature and produces intra‐ and inter‐laboratory precision equivalent to that of ground wheat meal, with the added benefit of being stable over time.Significance and noveltyThe findings may serve as a basis in establishing operational limits for statistical process control in FN networks.
Effect of agronomic management on rice grain quality Part IV: Sowing rate
Authors: Wood Rachael Maree , Dunn Brian W. , Waters Daniel L. E. , Blanchard Christopher L. , Mawson Andrew John , Oli Prakash 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesThere are no published data on the effect of sowing rate on rice grain quality traits of medium‐ and short‐grain cultivars within the Australian environment. Studies that have reported on the impact of sowing rate on grain quality in other rice growing regions have assessed differences between densities below 100 plants/m2, which is the minimum target for Australian grown rice. Furthermore, the cultivars evaluated were long‐grain cultivars only. The effect of sowing rate (25–150 kg/ha) on the quality traits of a short (YRK5)‐ and medium (Viand)‐grain rice cultivar was investigated over two seasons. Nitrogen (N) application was included in the study as the appropriate combination of sowing and N rate for maximum yield for both cultivars was unknown.FindingsSowing and N rate affected the number of grains per panicle and plants established per m2 of both cultivars; however, changes in these parameters did not affect crop yield. The number of grains per panicle affected thousand‐grain weight (TGW) and head rice yield (HRY; the percentage of grain that remains whole or at least 75% of the original length after milling), and the response differed between cultivars. Decreasing sowing rate increased the number of grains per panicle, reduced grain length and TGW, and slightly increased HRY in Viand. In YRK5, decreased sowing rate increased TGW and in season two reduced HRY. Protein content was negatively correlated with TGW and positively correlated with HRY. There were no consistent differences in the physicochemical and cooking parameters between densities over both seasons in both cultivars.ConclusionThese results indicate that plant density has an indirect effect on milling quality by influencing TGW, which affected total protein content, and thus, HRY and the response differ between cultivars. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that within a population of 18 to 231 plants/m2 at establishment, the physicochemical and cooking parameters are not affected by sowing rate.Significance and noveltyThis study is the first to analyze the grain physicochemical and cooking quality parameters at densities above 100 plants/m2 and evaluate the effect of sowing rate on the grain quality of differing grain types within Australia. Comparisons between the low (50–70 kg/ha) and standard sowing rate (130–150 kg/ha) revealed no difference in HRY, and these results are important to farmers and demonstrate a reduction in plant density due to poor establishment, environmental or bird damage does not affect crop yield or grain quality and thus their economic return.
Uncommon finding of a “black node” in a patient with malignant melanoma and arthroplasty: A case report
Authors: Hansen Torsten , Keiler Andreas , Brochhausen Christoph , Schulz Birte , Stege Helger 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPostarthroplasty lymphadenopathy should be kept in mind particularly in patients with tumor (eg, melanoma) with a long‐term history of total joint replacement therapy. Microscopy is mandatory in establishing diagnosis and is thus helpful for therapy.