bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radar Imager for Mars’ Subsurface Experiment—RIMFAX
Authors: Hamran Svein-Erik , Paige David A. , Amundsen Hans E. F. , Berger Tor , Brovoll Sverre , Carter Lynn , Damsgård Leif , Dypvik Henning , Eide Jo , Eide Sigurd , Ghent Rebecca , Helleren Øystein , Kohler Jack , Mellon Mike , Nunes Daniel C. , Plettemeier Dirk , Rowe Kathryn , Russell Patrick , Øyan Mats Jørgen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Radar Imager for Mars’ Subsurface Experiment (RIMFAX) is a Ground Penetrating Radar on the Mars 2020 mission’sPerseverancerover, which is planned to land near a deltaic landform in Jezero crater. RIMFAX will add a new dimension to rover investigations of Mars by providing the capability to image the shallow subsurface beneath the rover. The principal goals of the RIMFAX investigation are to image subsurface structure, and to provide information regarding subsurface composition. Data provided by RIMFAX will aid Perseverance’s mission to explore the ancient habitability of its field area and to select a set of promising geologic samples for analysis, caching, and eventual return to Earth. RIMFAX is a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar, which transmits a signal swept through a range of frequencies, rather than a single wide-band pulse. The operating frequency range of 150–1200 MHz covers the typical frequencies of GPR used in geology. In general, the full bandwidth (with effective center frequency of 675 MHz) will be used for shallow imaging down to several meters, and a reduced bandwidth of the lower frequencies (center frequency 375 MHz) will be used for imaging deeper structures. The majority of data will be collected at regular distance intervals whenever the rover is driving, in each of the deep, shallow, and surface modes. Stationary measurements with extended integration times will improve depth range and SNR at select locations. The RIMFAX instrument consists of an electronic unit housed inside the rover body and an antenna mounted externally at the rear of the rover. Several instrument prototypes have been field tested in different geological settings, including glaciers, permafrost sediments, bioherme mound structures in limestone, and sedimentary features in sand dunes. Numerical modelling has provided a first assessment of RIMFAX’s imaging potential using parameters simulated for the Jezero crater landing site.
Combining lung ultrasound and Wells score for diagnosing pulmonary embolism in critically ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Zotzmann Viviane , Lang Corinna N. , Wengenmayer Tobias , Bemtgen Xavier , Schmid Bonaventura , Mueller-Peltzer Katharina , Supady Alexander , Bode Christoph , Duerschmied Daniel , Staudacher Dawid L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSubpleural consolidations have been found in lung ultrasound in patients with COVID-19, possibly deriving from pulmonary embolism (PE). The diagnostic utility of impact of lung ultrasound in critical-ill patients with COVID-19 for PE diagnostics however is unclear. We retrospectively evaluated all SARS-CoV2-associated ARDS patients admitted to our ICU between March 8th and May 31th 2020. They were enrolled in this study, when a lung ultrasound and a computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) were documented. In addition, wells score was calculated to estimate the probability of PE. The CTPA was used as the gold standard for the detection of PE. Twenty out of 25 patients met the inclusion criteria. In 12/20 patients (60%) (sub-) segmental PE were detected by CT-angiography. Lung ultrasound found subpleural consolidations in 90% of patients. PE-typical large supleural consolidations with a size ≥ 1 cm were detectable in 65% of patients and were significant more frequent in patients with PE compared to those without (p = 0.035). Large consolidations predicted PE with a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 71%. The Wells score was significantly higher in patients with PE compared to those without (2.7 ± 0.8 and 1.7 ± 0.5, respectively, p = 0.042) and predicted PE with an AUC of 0.81. When combining the two modalities, comparing patients with considered/probable PE using LUS plus a Wells score ≥ 2 to patients with possible/unlikely PE in LUS plus a Wells score < 2, PE could be predicted with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 80%. Large consolidations detected in lung ultrasound were found frequently in COVID-19 ARDS patients with pulmonary embolism. In combination with a Wells score > 2, this might indicate a high-risk for PE in COVID-19.
Bousmekines A-E, New Alkaloids from Two Bousigonia Species: B.angustifolia and B. mekongensis
Authors: Huo Zong-Qing , Zhao Qian , Zhu Wen-Tao , Hao Xiao-Jiang , Zhang Yu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Four new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, bousmekines A-D (1–4), and one new pyranopyridine alkaloid, bousmekine E (5), were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Bousigonia angustifolia and Bousigonia mekongensis. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated by a combination of MS, NMR, ECD calculation, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 2 was an eburnea-type MIAs characterized by a rare chlorine atom while 5 possessed a novel pyranopyridine moiety. Their cytotoxicities against several human cancer cell lines were evaluated and compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 0.8–7.4 μM.

Graphic Abstract
Engineered PLGA-PVP/VA based formulations to produce electro-drawn fast biodegradable microneedles for labile biomolecule delivery
Authors: Onesto Valentina , Di Natale Concetta , Profeta Martina , Netti Paolo Antonio , Vecchione Raffaele 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiodegradable polymer microneedles (MNs) are recognized as non-toxic, safe and stable systems for advanced drug delivery and cutaneous treatments, allowing a direct intradermal delivery and in some cases a controlled release. Most of the microneedles found in the literature are fabricated by micromolding, which is a multistep thus typically costly process. Due to industrial needs, mold-free methods represent a very intriguing approach in microneedle fabrication. Electro-drawing (ED) has been recently proposed as an alternative fast, mild temperature and one-step strategy to the mold-based techniques for the fabrication of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) biodegradable MNs. In this work, taking advantage of the flexibility of the ED technology, we engineered microneedle inner microstructure by acting on the water-in-oil (W/O) precursor emulsion formulation to tune drug release profile. Particularly, to promote a faster release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, we substituted part of PLGA with poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVP/VA), as compared to the PLGA alone in the matrix material. Moreover, we introduced lecithin and maltose as emulsion stabilizers. Microneedle inner structural analysis as well as collagenase entrapment efficiency, release and activity of different emulsion formulations were compared to reach an interconnected porosity MN structure, aimed at providing an efficient protein release profile. Furthermore, MN mechanical properties were examined as well as its ability to pierce the stratum corneum on a pig skin model, while the drug diffusion from the MN body was monitored in an in vitro collagen-based dermal model at selected time points.
Mean equicontinuity and mean sensitivity on cellular automata
Authors: DE LOS SANTOS BAÑOS LUGUIS , GARCÍA-RAMOS FELIPE 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe show that a cellular automaton (or shift-endomorphism) on a transitive subshift is either almost equicontinuous or sensitive. On the other hand, we construct a cellular automaton on a full shift (hence a transitive subshift) that is neither almost mean equicontinuous nor mean sensitive.
Effect of an external urinary collection device for women on institutional catheter utilization and catheter-associated urinary tract infections
Authors: Rearigh Lindsey , Gillett Gayle , Sy Adrienne , Micheels Terry , Evans Luana , Goetschkes Kelly , Van Schooneveld Trevor C. , Lyden Elizabeth , Rupp Mark E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExternal urinary collection devices (EUCDs) may reduce indwelling catheter usage and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). In this retrospective quasi-experimental study, we demonstrated that EUCD implementation in women was associated with significantly decreased indwelling catheter usage and a trend (P = .10) toward decreased CAUTI per 1,000 patient days.
How discretionary behaviors promote customer engagement: the role of psychosocial safety climate and psychological capital
Authors: Siami Sahar , Martin Angela , Gorji Mohammadbagher , Grimmer Martin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe study examines the effect of psychosocial safety climate (PSC) and psychological capital (PsyCap) on customer engagement through discretionary service behaviors including adaptive and proactive service behaviors (ASB and PSB). A field study of 56 managers, 513 service employees, and 560 customers in 56 branches of insurance companies was carried out to test a theoretical model using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM7). The results demonstrated that PsyCap and PSC were both positively associated with ASB and PSB at the individual level. The results also showed that an interaction between PsyCap and PSC was related to ASB but not PSB. This suggested that PsyCap and PSC interact in a synergic manner to affect service employees' engagement in ASB, beyond their direct effects. At the branch level, ASB was not associated with customer engagement behavior, but PSB was. Furthermore, PSB mediated the relationship between PSC and customer engagement behavior, although ASB did not.
The roles of disgust and harm perception in political attitude moralization
Authors: Wisneski Daniel C. , Hanson Brittany E. , Morgan G. Scott 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhat causes people to see their political attitudes in a moral light? One answer is that attitude moralization results from associating one’s attitude stance with feelings of disgust. To test the possibility that disgust moralizes, the current study used a high-powered preregistered design looking at within-person change in moral conviction paired with an experimental manipulation of disgust or anger (versus control). Results from the preregistered analyses found that we successfully induced anger but not disgust; however, our manipulation had no effect on moral conviction. Additional exploratory analyses investigating whether emotion and harm predicted increases in moral conviction over time found that neither disgust, anger, nor sadness had an effect on moralization, whereas perceptions of harm did predict moralization. Our findings are discussed in terms of their implications for current theory and research into attitude moralization.
Disgust and political attitudes
Authors: Petersen Michael Bang , Tybur Joshua M. , Stewart Patrick A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe introduce the Politics and the Life Sciences Special Issue on Disgust and Political Attitudes discussing the importance of understanding state and trait disgust, the innovative and transparent process by which registered reports and preregistered studies were chosen and funded, and the manuscripts that make up this special issue. This essay concludes by discussing future research directions in disgust and political attitudes, as well as the benefits of a transparent review process that avoids the “file drawer problem” of unpublished null findings.
Humanitarian Aid Workers: The Forgotten First Responders
Authors: Macpherson Robert I.S. , Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHumanitarian aid workers are an overlooked population within the structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) research and assistance. This negligence is an industry-wide failure to address aid workers’ psychological health issues. The suspected numbers of death by suicide, diagnosed PTSD, depression, anxiety disorders, hazardous alcohol and drug consumption, emotional exhaustion, and other stress-related problems are impossible to quantify but are considered endemic. Tools for establishing organizational frameworks for mental health and psychosocial support are readily available. However, the capacity to implement this assistance requires the creation and practice of an open and non-judgmental culture, based on the realistic acceptance that aid work has become inherently dangerous. The possibility of developing a psychological problem because of aid work has increased along with the rise in levels of disease, injury, kidnapping, and assault. As a result, expressions of traumatic stress have become the norm rather than an exception. This commentary outlines the essential steps and components necessary to meet these requirements.
Staff-perceived barriers to nutrition intervention in substance use disorder treatment
Authors: Wiss David A , Russell Lisa , Prelip Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:While organisational change in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment has been extensively studied, there is no research describing facility-wide changes related to nutrition interventions. This study evaluates staff-perceived barriers to change before and after a wellness initiative.Design:A pre-intervention questionnaire was administered to participating staff prior to facility-wide changes (n 40). The questions were designed to assess barriers across five domains: (1) provision of nutrition-related treatment; (2) implementation of nutrition education; (3) screening, detecting and monitoring (nutrition behaviours); (4) facility-wide collaboration and (5) menu changes and client satisfaction. A five-point Likert scale was used to indicate the extent to which staff anticipate difficulty or ease in implementing facility-wide nutrition changes, perceived as organisational barriers. Follow-up questionnaires were identical to the pre-test except that it examined barriers experienced, rather than anticipated (n 50).Setting:A multisite SUD treatment centre in Northern California which began implementing nutrition programming changes in order to improve care.Participants:Staff members who consented to participate.Results:From pre to post, we observed significant decreases in perceived barriers related to the provision of nutrition-related treatment (P = 0·019), facility-wide collaboration (P = 0·036), menu changes and client satisfaction (P = 0·024). Implementation of nutrition education and the domain of screening, detecting and monitoring did not reach statistical significance.Conclusions:Our results show that staff training, food service changes, the use of targeted curriculum for nutrition groups and the encouragement of discussing self-care in individual counselling sessions can lead to positive shifts about nutrition-related organisational change among staff.
Cancer-related fatigue: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of mind–body intervention
Authors: Anshasi Huda , Ahmad Muayyad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the methodological quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of mind–body interventions (MBIs) for the management of cancer-related fatigue.MethodsA comprehensive search on multiple databases was conducted to identify relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses published from January 2008 to December 2019. Two authors independently selected reviews, extracted data, and evaluated the methodological quality of included reviews using Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR).ResultsSixteen reviews published between 2010 and 2018 were eligible for inclusion. The methodological quality of the 16 included systematic reviews was moderate (score 4–7) to high (score ≥ 8) on the 11-point AMSTAR scale. The most common methodological weaknesses were the lack of a list of excluded studies (n = 15, 93.8%) and a priori protocol (n = 2,87.5%). Furthermore, most of the systematic reviews did not search the gray literature for eligible studies (n = 13, 81.3%).Significance of the studyThis study has revealed the need for high methodological quality systematic reviews on the MBIs for the management of cancer-related fatigue. Thus, further research should focus on methodologically strong systematic reviews by providing a priori design, not limiting the publication type, and providing an excluded primary studies list. Additionally, the researchers should conduct systematic reviews according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline.
REWRITING THEGESTA NORMANNORUM DUCUMIN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY: SIMON DE PLUMETOT'SBREVIS CRONICA COMPENDIOSA DUCUM NORMANNIE
Authors: POHL BENJAMIN , ALLEN RICHARD 
Published: November 2020

This article is dedicated to Liesbeth van Houts, editor of theGesta Normannorum ducum, generous mentor, colleague, and friend.This article offers an analysis, edition, and translation of theBrevis cronica compendiosa ducum Normannie, a historiographical account of the dukes of Normandy and their deeds, written at the turn of the fifteenth century by the Norman jurist and man of letters, Simon de Plumetot (1371–1443). Having all but escaped the attention of modern scholars, this study is the first to examine and publish theBrevis cronica. It not only demonstrates that the work is of greater importance than its rather scrappy form might at first suggest, but it also looks to place the text within the broader context of Simon's literary and bibliophilic practices and to determine itsraison d’être. In doing so, it argues that theBrevis cronicawas perhaps created as part of a much larger historiographical project, namely an extended chronicle of Normandy, written in the vernacular, the text of which is now lost. By exploring these important issues, the article sheds new light on a wide range of topics, from early humanist book collecting to the writing of history in France in the later Middle Ages.
The Boulder Population of Asteroid 4 Vesta: Size‐Frequency Distribution and Survival Time
Authors: Schröder Stefan E. , Carsenty Uri , Hauber Ernst , Schulzeck Franziska , Raymond Carol A. , Russell Christopher T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDawn's framing camera observed boulders on the surface of Vesta when the spacecraftwas in its lowest orbit (Low Altitude Mapping Orbit, LAMO). We identified, measured, and mapped boulders in LAMO images, which have a scale of 20 m per pixel. We estimate that our sample is virtually complete down to a boulder size of 4 pixels (80 m). The largest boulder is a 400 m‐sized block on the Marcia crater floor. Relatively few boulders reside in a large area of relatively low albedo, surmised to be the carbon‐rich ejecta of the Veneneia basin, either because boulders form less easily here or live shorter. By comparing the density of boulders around craters with a known age, we find that the maximum boulder lifetime is about 300 Ma. The boulder size‐frequency distribution (SFD) is generally assumed to follow a power law. We fit power laws to the Vesta SFD by means of the maximum likelihood method, but they do not fit well. Our analysis of power law exponents for boulders on other small Solar System bodies suggests that the derived exponent is primarily a function of boulder size range. The Weibull distribution mimics this behavior and fits the Vesta boulder SFD well. The Weibull distribution is often encountered in rock grinding experiments and may result from the fractal nature of cracks propagating in the rock interior. We propose that, in general, the SFD of particles (including boulders) on the surface of small bodies follows a Weibull distribution rather than a power law.
Exploring the Constraints on Simulated Aerosol Sources and Transport Across the North Atlantic With Island‐Based Sun Photometers
Authors: Silva Sam J. , Ridley David A. , Heald Colette L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAtmospheric aerosol over the North Atlantic Ocean impacts regional clouds and climate. In this work, we use a set of sun photometer observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) located on the Graciosa and Cape Verde islands, along with the GEOS‐Chem chemical transport model to investigate the sources of these aerosol and their transport over the North Atlantic Ocean. At both locations, the largest simulated contributor to aerosol extinction is the local source of sea‐salt aerosol. In addition to this large source, we find that signatures consistent with long‐range transport of anthropogenic, biomass burning, and dust emissions are apparent throughout the year at both locations. Model simulations suggest that this signal of long‐range transport in AOD is more apparent at higher elevation locations; the influence of anthropogenic and biomass burning aerosol extinction is particularly pronounced at the height of Pico Mountain, near the Graciosa Island site. Using a machine learning approach, we further show that simulated observations at these three sites (near Graciosa, Pico Mountain, and Cape Verde) can be used to predict the simulated background aerosol imported into cities on the European mainland, particularly during the local winter months, highlighting the utility of background AOD monitoring for understanding downwind air quality.
A Physical Agricultural Drought Index Based on Root Zone Water Availability: Model Development and Application
Authors: Liu Meixian , Sun Alexander Y. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhysical agricultural drought indices generally use soil moisture to represent root‐zone water availability (RZWA). The uncertainty in root‐zone properties, especially in deep‐rooting regions, may lead to significant uncertainty in the results. This study adopted a conceptual model that requires no specific root‐zone properties to model the RZWA. A RZWA‐based drought index (AgDI) was then developed by standardizing the root‐zone water deficit. A comparison over 20 catchments with different terrain and vegetation demonstrated the effectiveness of AgDI in characterizing agricultural droughts, with the correlations between vegetation indices (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI] and gross primary productivity [GPP]) and AgDI (mean ~0.54) being significantly higher than those between the same vegetation indices and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI, ~0.22), Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI, ~0.33), and Standardized Soil moisture Index (SSI, ~0.37). Compared to the SSI, the AgDI was not equally advantageous everywhere, but it generally showed better performance in deep‐rooting regions.