bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a digital sociolinguistics
Authors: Leuckert Sven , Leuckert Martin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates to what extent the ‘Community of Practice’ (CoP) concept can be applied to the subreddits r/leagueoflegends, r/linguistics, and r/rupaulsdragrace. Using qualitative and quantitative corpus-linguistic methods, the study analyses users’ self-understanding of the subreddits, how often and in which contexts they discuss the concept of community, how often they frequent different subreddits, and which words they typically use online. The paper relies on frequency analysis, manual analysis of tokens, and an innovative system of rating user contributions in order to understand their posting behaviour. Although there are limitations, all important criteria defining CoPs are met by the subreddits. The chapter thus shows that corpus-linguistic methods are useful for the investigation of social media from a sociolinguistic perspective.
Working with images and emoji in the 🦆 Dukki Facebook Corpus
Authors: Collins Luke 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this chapter, I demonstrate how researchers can incorporate image content and emoji into corpus approaches to social media data. I present data from the Facebook Page of Dukki Gifts & Souvenirs, an independent business based in Nottingham, U.K. and, using a simple annotation scheme, I show how researchers can incorporate image content and emoji into frequency and collocation analysis in order to examine the patterns of use for images in this dataset. I discuss some of the adjustments required to extend approaches conventionally applied to written forms of data to image content, including how this might affect the way we think of core concepts, such as collocation.
The enhancement of fat oxidation during the active phase and suppression of body weight gain in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 deficient mice
Authors: Sato Tomoki , Sayama Neo , Inoue Mizuki , Morita Akihito , Miura Shinji 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We investigated whether the deletion of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) 1 would affect carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, and body weight by using the GPD1 null mice (BALB/cHeA (HeA)). We found that fat oxidation in HeA mice was significantly high during the early active phase than in BALB/cBy (By) mice used as a control under ad libitum conditions. Metabolic tracer experiment revealed that fatty acid oxidation in the skeletal muscle of HeA mice tended to be high. The energy expenditure and fat oxidation in HeA mice under fasting conditions were significantly higher than that in the By mice. Moreover, we monitored body weight gain in HeA mice under ad libitum feeding and found lower body weight gain. These data indicate that GPD1 deficiency induces enhancement of fat oxidation with suppression of weight gain. We propose that GPD1 deletion contributes to the reduction of body weight gain via enhancement of fat oxidation.
A novel three step protocol to isolate extracellular vesicles from plasma or cell culture medium with both high yield and purity
Authors: Zhang Xiaogang , Borg Ellen G. F. , Liaci A. Manuel , Vos Harmjan R. , Stoorvogel Willem 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane encapsulated nanoparticles that can function in intercellular communication, and their presence in biofluids can be indicative for (patho)physiological conditions. Studies aiming to resolve functionalities of EV or to discover EV‐associated biomarkers for disease in liquid biopsies are hampered by limitations of current protocols to isolate EV from biofluids or cell culture medium. EV isolation is complicated by the >105‐fold numerical excess of other types of particles, including lipoproteins and protein complexes. In addition to persisting contaminants, currently available EV isolation methods may suffer from inefficient EV recovery, bias for EV subtypes, interference with the integrity of EV membranes, and loss of EV functionality. In this study, we established a novel three‐step non‐selective method to isolate EV from blood or cell culture media with both high yield and purity, resulting in 71% recovery and near to complete elimination of unrelated (lipo)proteins. This EV isolation procedure is independent of ill‐defined commercial kits, and apart from an ultracentrifuge, does not require specialised expensive equipment.
First law of black hole mechanics with fermions
Authors: Aneesh P B , Chakraborty Sumanta , Hoque Sk Jahanur , Virmani Amitabh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the last few years, there has been significant interest in understanding the stationary comparison version of the first law of black hole mechanics in the vielbein formulation of gravity. Several authors have pointed out that to discuss the first law in the vielbein formulation one must extend the Iyer–Wald Noether charge formalism appropriately. Jacobson and Mohd (2015 Phys. Rev. D
92 124010) and Prabhu (2017 Class. Quantum Grav.
34 035011) formulated such a generalisation for symmetry under combined spacetime diffeomorphisms and local Lorentz transformations. In this paper, we apply and appropriately adapt their formalism to four-dimensional gravity coupled to a Majorana field and to a Rarita–Schwinger field. We explore the first law of black hole mechanics and the construction of the Lorentz-diffeomorphism Noether charges in the presence of fermionic fields, relevant for simple supergravity.
Multilayer graphene coated vanadium(V) oxide as electrodes for intercalation based brackish water desalination
Authors: Baburaj Abhijit , Puthirath Anand B , Jain Amit , Palanisamy Duraivelan , Salpekar Devashish , Balachandran Janakiraman , Kabbani Mohamad A , Hernandez F C Robles , Hughes Gerry , Babu Ganguli , Ajayan Pulickel M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Present work explores graphene-coated vanadium pentoxide (G-V2O5) as novel electrosorption material for the desalination of low molarity saline/brackish water. During the desalination cycles, along with the electrical double layer formation at the graphene layer, ion intercalation is observed in the honeycomb structure of the hydrothermally grown V2O5 layer leading to an improvement in Na+ and Cl− ion removal from the brackish water. The conventional capacitance tests by pairing G-V2O5 electrodes in a three-electrode cell shows a remarkable capacitance value of 500 F g−1, and the capacitive deionization process over 50 cycles at 5, 10 and 15 mM concentration (NaCl) gives a maximum salt adsorption capacity of 12.5 mg of NaCl per gram of electrode. Utilizing the faradaic and non-faradaic process for electrosorption desalination paves a way towards exploring alternative materials and their hybrids for water purification applications.
Synthesis of layered silicon-graphene hetero-structures by wet jet milling for high capacity anodes in Li-ion batteries
Authors: Malik Romeo , Huang Qianye , Silvestri Laura , Liu Danqing , Pellegrini Vittorio , Marasco Luigi , Venezia Eleonora , Abouali Sara , Bonaccorso Francesco , Lain Michael J , Greenwood David , West Geoff , Shearing Paul R , Loveridge Melanie J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
While silicon-based negative electrode materials have been extensively studied, to develop high capacity lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), implementing a large-scale production method that can be easily transferred to industry, has been a crucial challenge. Here, a scalable wet-jet milling method was developed to prepare a silicon-graphene hybrid material to be used as negative electrode in LIBs. This synthesized composite, when used as an anode in lithium cells, demonstrated high Li ion storage capacity, long cycling stability and high-rate capability. In particular, the electrode exhibited a reversible discharge capacity exceeding 1763 mAh g−1 after 450 cycles with a capacity retention of 98% and a coulombic efficiency of 99.85% (with a current density of 358 mA g−1). This significantly supersedes the performance of a Si-dominant electrode structures. The capacity fade rate after 450 cycles was only 0.005% per cycle in the 0.05–1 V range. This superior electrochemical performance is ascribed to the highly layered, silicon-graphene porous structure, as investigated via focused ion beam in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy tomography. The hybrid electrode could retain 89% of its porosity (under a current density of 358 mA g−1) after 200 cycles compared with only 35% in a Si-dominant electrode. Moreover, this morphology can not only accommodate the large volume strains from active silicon particles, but also maintains robust electrical connectivity. This confers faster transportation of electrons and ions with significant permeation of electrolyte within the electrode. Physicochemical characterisations were performed to further correlate the electrochemical performance with the microstructural dynamics. The excellent performance of the hybrid material along with the scalability of the synthesizing process is a step forward to realize high capacity/energy density LIBs for multiple device applications.
A novel Ag/AgO/carboxymethyl chitosan bacteriostatic hydrogel for drug delivery
Authors: Xu Yanqin , Liu Jie , Guan Shumin , Dong Aotong , Cao Yuan , Chen Changguo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
pH-sensitive Ag/AgO/carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) bacteriostatic hydrogels and Ag/AgO/CMCS/Aspirin (ASP) carrier hydrogels were prepared by Ag/AgO in situ precipitation method, and the effects of swelling, degradation, drug release and antibacterial properties of hydrogels were studied. The network of Ag/AgO/CMCS/ASP drug-loaded gels produced was mainly cross-linking by hydrogen bonding and intermolecular forces, and the cross-linking silver was mainly present in the elemental Ag and Ag2+ states. Under the condition of buffer solution pH = 7.4, the cumulative release amount of Ag/AgO/CMCS/ASP drug-loaded gel was 75.20% within 12 h, and the inhibition rate of Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) reached the maximum of 92.32%, which had broad application prospects in the medical field.
Effect of Fe on the high-temperature tribological behavior of NiAl/WC-Fex self-lubricating composites produced by thermal explosion
Authors: Liu Xinying , Yuan Jianjun , Lou Shumei , Li Dongmin , Cheng Wenquan 
Published: July 2020

Abstracts
In order to improve the self-lubricating properties of NiAl-WC composite, a novel solid-lubricating material, NiAl/WC-Fex (x = 5, 10, 15 and 20 in weight percent) composites were synthesized by thermal explosion using Ni-Al-WC-Fe mixed powders. The microstructure, phase constituent, and tribological behavior of NiAl/WC-Fex composites at 800 °C were studied. According to the results, the addition of Fe could reduce the cracks of the composites. Compared with NiAl/WC, the increased Fe content could reduce the friction coefficient and high-temperature wear rate due to its enhanced ductility, oxidation, and low shearing strength. In particular, composite with 10 wt% Fe content had the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate because of the self-lubricating behavior of Fe at elevated temperature. The result also showed that the wear mechanism of NiAl/WC-Fex is related to Fe content at high-temperature.
Mirage to Miraj: Opening Muslimerican Latitudes in Americanist Scholarship
Authors: Marr Tim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhat do Islamic perspectives and Muslim sensibilities disclose when they are integrated as elements of both US diversity and planetary transculturalism? This review essay appraises how four recently published books demonstrate different ways of writing Arab and Islamic angles of analysis into the ambit of US literary scholarship. They exemplify practices that help to overcome impediments of language, ideology, geography, and religion to derive emergent insights from a fuller consideration of Muslimerican expressions. Through their study of multiple forms of cultural expression, these authors help to lay out critical and creative latitudes that reveal some of the resources radiating from embodied Arab and Muslim ways of being in the world. By processing a parallax of perspectives about lived Islamic involvements through art and expression, these studies expose the poverty of the mirage and accustom readers to a Miraj of Muslimerican visions, a journey that opens for Americans a more comprehensive worldliness informed by human resources of religious imaginality.Their scholarship reveals postsecular and surprisingly progressive resources of ethics, dissent, and creativity that critical considerations of Muslimness provide for a broader transnationalism in US cultural and literary study.
Resource manipulation through experimental defoliation has legacy effects on allocation to reproductive and vegetative organs inQuercus ilex
Authors: Le Roncé Iris , Toïgo Maude , Dardevet Elia , Venner Samuel , Limousin Jean-Marc , Chuine Isabelle 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsIn plants, high costs of reproduction during some years can induce trade-offs in resource allocation with other functions such as growth, survival and resistance against herbivores or extreme abiotic conditions, but also with subsequent reproduction. Such trade-offs might also occur following resource shortage at particular moments of the reproductive cycle. Because plants are modular organisms, strategies for resource allocation to reproduction can also vary among hierarchical levels. Using a defoliation experiment, our aim was to test how allocation to reproduction was impacted by resource limitation.MethodsWe applied three levels of defoliation (control, moderate and intense) to branches of eight Quercus ilex trees shortly after fruit initiation and measured the effects of resource limitation induced by leaf removal on fruit development (survival, growth and germination potential) and on the production of vegetative and reproductive organs the year following defoliation.Key ResultsWe found that defoliation had little impact on fruit development. Fruit survival was not affected by the intense defoliation treatment, but was reduced by moderate defoliation, and this result could not be explained by an upregulation of photosynthesis. Mature fruit mass was not affected by defoliation, nor was seed germination success. However, in the following spring defoliated branches produced fewer shoots and compensated for leaf loss by overproducing leaves at the expense of flowers. Therefore, resource shortage decreased resource allocation to reproduction the following season but did not affect sex ratio.ConclusionsOur results support the idea of a regulation of resource allocation to reproduction beyond the shoot scale. Defoliation had larger legacy effects than immediate effects.
Longest incubation period of Mycobacterium chimaera infection after cardiac surgery
Authors: Vendramin Igor , Peghin Maddalena , Tascini Carlo , Livi Ugolino 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mycobacterium chimaera infections have been associated with contamination of a heater–cooler unit used during cardiopulmonary bypass procedures since 2006. Mycobacterium chimaera is a slow-growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium responsible for an infection, which is difficult to treat and has often a devastating course. Until now, M. chimaera infection has been shown to occur up to 8 years after operation. We report a patient presenting with an aortic pseudoaneurysm who developed M. chimaera infection 12 years after repair of an acute type A aortic dissection with graft replacement of the ascending aorta and stent-grafting of the arch. As far as we know, this is the case with the longest incubation period of M. chimaera infection. The present experience indicates that all patients who underwent open heart procedures since 2006 with such heater–cooler unit model should be closely followed up regardless of time of index surgery.
The Phenotypic Consequences of Genetic Divergence between Admixed Latin American Populations: Antioquia and Chocó, Colombia
Authors: Chande Aroon T , Rishishwar Lavanya , Ban Dongjo , Nagar Shashwat D , Conley Andrew B , Rowell Jessica , Valderrama-Aguirre Augusto E , Medina-Rivas Miguel A , Jordan I King 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have uncovered thousands of genetic variants that are associated with a wide variety of human traits. Knowledge of how trait-associated variants are distributed within and between populations can provide insight into the genetic basis of group-specific phenotypic differences, particularly for health-related traits. We analyzed the genetic divergence levels for 1) individual trait-associated variants and 2) collections of variants that function together to encode polygenic traits, between two neighboring populations in Colombia that have distinct demographic profiles: Antioquia (Mestizo) and Chocó (Afro-Colombian). Genetic ancestry analysis showed 62% European, 32% Native American, and 6% African ancestry for Antioquia compared with 76% African, 10% European, and 14% Native American ancestry for Chocó, consistent with demography and previous results. Ancestry differences can confound cross-population comparison of polygenic risk scores (PRS); however, we did not find any systematic bias in PRS distributions for the two populations studied here, and population-specific differences in PRS were, for the most part, small and symmetrically distributed around zero. Both genetic differentiation at individual trait-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and population-specific PRS differences between Antioquia and Chocó largely reflected anthropometric phenotypic differences that can be readily observed between the populations along with reported disease prevalence differences. Cases where population-specific differences in genetic risk did not align with observed trait (disease) prevalence point to the importance of environmental contributions to phenotypic variance, for both infectious and complex, common disease. The results reported here are distributed via a web-based platform for searching trait-associated variants and PRS divergence levels at http://map.chocogen.com (last accessed August 12, 2020).
Rare deleterious BUB1B variants induce premature ovarian insufficiency and early menopause
Authors: Chen Qing , Ke Hanni , Luo Xuezhen , Wang Lingbo , Wu Yanhua , Tang Shuyan , Li Jinsong , Jin Li , Zhang Feng , Qin Yingying , Chen Xiaojun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Losing of ovarian functions prior to natural menopause age causes female infertility and early menopause. Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is defined as the loss of ovarian activity before 40 years of age. Known genetic causes account for 25–30% of POI cases, demonstrating the high genetic heterogeneity of POI and the necessity for further genetic explorations. Here we conducted genetic analyses using whole-exome sequencing in a Chinese non-syndromic POI family with the affected mother and at least four affected daughters. Intriguingly, a rare missense variant of BUB1B c.273A&gt;T (p.Gln91His) was shared by all the cases in this family. Furthermore, our replication study using targeted sequencing revealed a novel stop-gain variant of BUB1B c.1509T&gt;A (p.Cys503*) in one of 200 sporadic POI cases. Both heterozygous BUB1B variants were evaluated to be deleterious by multiple in silico tools. BUB1B encodes BUBR1, a crucial spindle assembly checkpoint component involved in cell division. BUBR1 insufficiency may induce vulnerability to oxidative stress. Therefore, we generated a mouse model with a loss-of-function mutant of Bub1b, and also employed D-galactose-induced aging assays for functional investigations. Notably, Bub1b+/− female mice presented late-onset subfertility, and they were more sensitive to oxidative stress than wild-type female controls, mimicking the clinical phenotypes of POI cases affected by deleterious BUB1B variants. Our findings in human cases and mouse models consistently suggest, for the first time, that heterozygous deleterious variants of BUB1B are involved in late-onset POI and related disorders.
Thoracoscopic sleeve segmentectomy for bipulmonal non-small-cell lung cancer with curative approach
Authors: Herrmann Dominik , Gencheva-Bozhkova Plamena , Oggiano Melanie , Hecker Erich 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A patient with simultaneous bilateral non-small-cell lung cancer underwent a thoracoscopic sleeve segmentectomy on the right side to avoid lobectomy in curative approach. The patient also had a second, left-sided tumour requiring at least a left-sided sleeve upper lobectomy for complete resection. In anticipation of the second pulmonary resection in a patient whose lung function was already impaired by the first operation, we opted for a thoracoscopic approach with fast recovery. The left-sided operation was performed 60 days after the right-sided sleeve segmentectomy without any complications.
Proportional multistate lifetable modelling of preventive interventions: concepts, code and worked examples
Authors: Blakely Tony , Moss Rob , Collins James , Mizdrak Anja , Singh Ankur , Carvalho Natalie , Wilson Nick , Geard Nicholas , Flaxman Abraham 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBurden of Disease studies—such as the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study—quantify health loss in disability-adjusted life-years. However, these studies stop short of quantifying the future impact of interventions that shift risk factor distributions, allowing for trends and time lags. This methodology paper explains how proportional multistate lifetable (PMSLT) modelling quantifies intervention impacts, using comparisons between three tobacco control case studies [eradication of tobacco, tobacco-free generation i.e. the age at which tobacco can be legally purchased is lifted by 1 year of age for each calendar year) and tobacco tax]. We also illustrate the importance of epidemiological specification of business-as-usual in the comparator arm that the intervention acts on, by demonstrating variations in simulated health gains when incorrectly: (i) assuming no decreasing trend in tobacco prevalence; and (ii) not including time lags from quitting tobacco to changing disease incidence. In conjunction with increasing availability of baseline and forecast demographic and epidemiological data, PMSLT modelling is well suited to future multiple country comparisons to better inform national, regional and global prioritization of preventive interventions. To facilitate use of PMSLT, we introduce a Python-based modelling framework and associated tools that facilitate the construction, calibration and analysis of PMSLT models.