bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An unusual cause of stridor
Authors: Garde Alison , Hilliard Tom N , Saunders Michael , Chopra Mark , Langton Hewer Simon C 
Published: March 2020

A 12-month-old infant was referred with a 6-week history of
recurrent admissions with worsening stridor. On each previous admission,
the stridor responded well, but transiently, to oral dexamethasone. At
this presentation, he required high-dependency unit care with high flow
oxygen due to marked increased work of breathing.
He was born at term, previously well, and up to date with
immunisations. There was no significant family history. There were no
smokers and two cats at home.
He was afebrile with moderate subcostal recession and tracheal tug.
On auscultation, breath sounds were normal with transmitted sounds of
inspiratory and expiratory stridor. The rest of his examination was
normal.
He commenced dexamethasone 0.15 μg/kg three times a day, which was
weaned as his clinical status improved.
Blood tests showed total white cell count 9 x 10ˆ9/L, CRP <1
mg/L, lactate dehydrogenase level and blood film normal. Chest
radiograph showed left lung hyperexpansion and apparent right-sided
bronchial narrowing (figure 1). Flexible nasendoscopy was unremarkable.
Microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy showed external airway compression at
the level of the carina (figure 2). CT thorax demonstrated a
non-enhancing mediastinal mass extrinsic to the airway, approximately
3cmx2.5cmx1.5cm, compressing the carina and main-stem bronchi (figure
3).

Figure 1

Chest radiograph showing left lung hyperexpansion and
apparent right-sided bronchial narrowing (arrow).

Figure 2

Rigid bronchoscopy image showing external airway compression
at the level of the carina. Incidental finding of small mucosal
lesion—felt to be making no contribution to critical airway
narrowing.

Figure 3

Contrast axial CT image with lung windowing which shows a
large subcarinal soft tissue density mass (arrow) flattening and
splaying both proximal bronchi into a crescentic appearance.
Reflux of contrast to the azygos vein is seen at the right
lateral aspect.

Question 1
Please list four differentials for this child's mediastinal
mass.

Question 2
Which of these approaches would be suitable at this stage?

CT-guided biopsy

Bronchoscopic biopsy

Excision biopsy

Watch and wait and monitor response to steroids

Question 3
What is first line treatment for Mycobacterium
avium complex lymphadenitis?

Complete excision

Clarithromycin and complete excision

Clarithromycin, rifampicin, ethambutol and complete
excision

Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol and
complete excision

Answers can be found on page 2.
Associations between greenspace and mortality vary across contexts of community change: a longitudinal ecological study
Authors: Hartig Terry , Astell-Burt Thomas , Bergsten Zara , Amcoff Jan , Mitchell Richard , Feng Xiaoqi 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundConcerns about loss of greenspace with urbanisation motivate much research on nature and health; however, contingency of greenspace-health associations on the character of community change remains understudied.MethodsWith aggregate data from governmental sources for 1432 Swedish parishes, we used negative binomial regression to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality during 2000–2008 in relation to percentage area (in 2000) of urban residential greenspace, urban parks and rural greenspace, looking across parishes with decrease, stability or increase in population density. We also assessed interactions between land use and population change.ResultsParishes with ≥1 decile increase in population density had lower incidence of all-cause (IRR=0.91, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.95) and CVD mortality (IRR=0.89, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.94) compared with parishes with stable populations. In stable parishes, all-cause mortality was lower with higher percentages of urban green (IRR=0.998, 95% CI 0.996 to 1.000) and rural green land uses (IRR=0.997, 95% CI 0.996 to 0.999). These results were inverted in densifying parishes; higher all-cause mortality attended higher initial percentages of urban (IRR=1.081, 95% CI 1.037 to 1.127) and rural greenspace (IRR=1.042, 95% CI 1.007 to 1.079) as measured in 2000. Similar associations held for CVD mortality.ConclusionsMore greenspace was associated with lower all-cause and CVD mortality in communities with relatively stable populations. In densifying communities, population growth per se may reduce mortality, but it may also entail harm through reductions in amount per capita and/or quality of greenspace.
Homogeneous and isotropic space-time, modified torsion field and complete cosmic scenario
Authors: Bose Akash , Chakraborty Subenoy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe paper deals with cosmological solutions describing different phases of the Universe for the homogeneous and isotropic FLRW model of the Universe with torsion. Normally, torsion field is not suitable for maximally symmetric space time model. However, one may use a specific profile of vectorial torsion field, derived from a scalar function. By proper choices of the torsion scalar function, it is shown that a continuous cosmic evolution starting from the emergent scenario to the present late time acceleration is possible. Also thermodynamics of the system is analyzed and equivalence with Einstein gravity is discussed.
Visualizing Distributed System Executions
Authors: Beschastnikh Ivan , Liu Perry , Xing Albert , Wang Patty , Brun Yuriy , Ernst Michael D. 
Published: March 2020

Distributed systems pose unique challenges for software developers. Understanding the system’s communication topology and reasoning about concurrent activities of system hosts can be difficult. The standard approach, analyzing system logs, can be a tedious and complex process that involves reconstructing a system log from multiple hosts’ logs, reconciling timestamps among hosts with non-synchronized clocks, and understanding what took place during the execution encoded by the log. This article presents a novel approach for tackling three tasks frequently performed during analysis of distributed system executions: (1) understanding the relative ordering of events, (2) searching for specific patterns of interaction between hosts, and (3) identifying structural similarities and differences between pairs of executions. Our approach consists of
XVector
, which instruments distributed systems to capture partial ordering information that encodes the happens-before relation between events, and
ShiViz
, which processes the resulting logs and presents distributed system executions as interactive time-space diagrams. Two user studies with a total of 109 students and a case study with 2 developers showed that our method was effective, helping participants answer statistically significantly more system-comprehension questions correctly, with a very large effect size.
Cops-Robber Games and the Resolution of Tseitin Formulas
Authors: Galesi Nicola , Talebanfard Navid , Torán Jacobo 
Published: March 2020

We characterize several complexity measures for the resolution of Tseitin formulas in terms of a two person cop-robber game. Our game is a slight variation of the one Seymour and Thomas used in order to characterize the tree-width parameter. For any undirected graph, by counting the number of cops needed in our game in order to catch a robber in it, we are able to exactly characterize the width, variable space, and depth measures for the resolution of the Tseitin formula corresponding to that graph. We also give an exact game characterization of resolution variable space for any formula.
We show that our game can be played in a monotone way. This implies that the associated resolution measures on Tseitin formulas correspond exactly to those under the restriction of Davis-Putnam resolution, implying that this kind of resolution is optimal on Tseitin formulas for all the considered measures.
Using our characterizations, we improve the existing complexity bounds for Tseitin formulas showing that resolution width, depth, and variable space coincide up to a logarithmic factor, and that variable space is bounded by the clause space times a logarithmic factor.
Common causation and offset effects in human visual-inertial heading direction integration
Authors: Rodriguez Raul , Crane Benjamin T. 
Published: March 2020

Movement direction can be determined from a combination of visual and inertial cues. Visual motion (optic flow) can represent self-motion through a fixed environment or environmental motion relative to an observer. Simultaneous visual and inertial heading cues present the question of whether the cues have a common cause (i.e., should be integrated) or whether they should be considered independent. This was studied in eight healthy human subjects who experienced 12 visual and inertial headings in the horizontal plane divided in 30° increments. The headings were estimated in two unisensory and six multisensory trial blocks. Each unisensory block included 72 stimulus presentations, while each multisensory block included 144 stimulus presentations, including every possible combination of visual and inertial headings in random order. After each multisensory stimulus, subjects reported their perception of visual and inertial headings as congruous (i.e., having common causation) or not. In the multisensory trial blocks, subjects also reported visual or inertial heading direction (3 trial blocks for each). For aligned visual-inertial headings, the rate of common causation was higher during alignment in cardinal than noncardinal directions. When visual and inertial stimuli were separated by 30°, the rate of reported common causation remained >50%, but it decreased to 15% or less for separation of ≥90°. The inertial heading was biased toward the visual heading by 11–20° for separations of 30–120°. Thus there was sensory integration even in conditions without reported common causation. The visual heading was minimally influenced by inertial direction. When trials with common causation perception were compared with those without, inertial heading perception had a stronger bias toward visual stimulus direction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Optic flow ambiguously represents self-motion or environmental motion. When these are in different directions, it is uncertain whether these are integrated into a common perception or not. This study looks at that issue by determining whether the two modalities are consistent and by measuring their perceived directions to get a degree of influence. The visual stimulus can have significant influence on the inertial stimulus even when they are perceived as inconsistent.
Hepcidin-regulating Iron-metabolism Genes and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Pathway Analysis of Genome-wide Association Studies
Authors: Julián-Serrano S , Yuan F , Benyamin B , Wheeler W , Amundadottir L , Jacobs E , Kraft P , Li D , Petersen GM , Risch HA , Wolpin B , Yu K , Klein AP , Stolzenberg-Solomon R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal cancer, and epidemiological studies have suggested positive associations with iron and red meat intake. Rare mutations in genes involved in the hepcidin-regulating pathway are known to cause iron overload and hemochromatosis. We hypothesize that the hepcidin-regulating pathway as characterized by common variants from genome-wide association studies will be associated with PDAC. Methods: We conducted a large pathway-based meta-analysis of the hepcidin-regulating genes using the summary based adaptive rank truncated product (sARTP) method in 9,253 PDAC cases and 12,525 controls of European descent from the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort (PanScan) and the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control (PANC4) consortia. Our analysis included 11 hepcidin-regulating genes (BMP2, BMP6, FTH1, FTL, HAMP, HFE, HJV, NRF2, SLC40A1, TFR1, TFR2) and adjacent genomic regions (20 kb upstream and downstream) with a total of 412 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We also conducted the sARTP with four iron status biomarkers (serum iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation, and ferritin, n = 23,986) using summary statistics from previous GWAS studies (Benyamin, et al. 2014) to examine if the hepcidin-regulating genes were also associated with these iron traits. The sARTP method combines SNP-level associations across variants in a gene or a pathway. Signals from up to five of the most associated SNPs for each gene studied were accumulated. Results: The hepcidin-regulating pathway was significantly associated with PDAC (P-value = 0.002) with the HJV, TFR2, and TFR1 genes contributing the most to the association (gene level P-values = 0.001, 0.014, and 0.019, respectively). The pathway associations were more significant in women than men. This pathway was also significantly associated with the four biomarkers of iron metabolism (P-values &lt;1.5 × 10–7). Conclusions: Our results support that genetic susceptibility related to the hepcidin-regulating pathway is associated with PDAC and a potential role of iron metabolism in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Further studies are needed to evaluate the modifying effect of iron-rich foods and genetic susceptibility of this pathway and PDAC risk.
A Retrospective Study of Administrative Data to Identify Factors Associated with Future Disability Status among Older Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Authors: Swartz MC , Chou LN , Swartz MD , Lyons EJ , Mehta H , Karmarkar A , Middleton A , Basen-Engquist K , Giordano SH , Goodwin J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Disability is associated with loss of independence and early mortality. Currently, only 1–2% of cancer survivors who reported physical limitations received rehabilitation services. It is critical to identify factors associated with the development of disability to guide clinical practice given treatment changes. We aimed to 1) identify demographic and cancer-related characteristics associated with future disability status among older colorectal cancer survivors, and 2) compared the future disability status among cancer and matched non-cancer cohorts. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Texas Cancer Registry-national Medicare linked database. The cancer cohort included Medicare beneficiaries with a primary colorectal cancer diagnosis between 2005 and 2013 (n = 13,229). The non-cancer cohort was identified from a 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries (n = 11,416). Diagnosis dates from the cancer cohort were used as the index date for the non-cancer cohort. Cohorts were matched 1:1 based on index date, age, and gender. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals. Disability status was defined according to Davidoff and colleagues using inpatient, outpatient and durable medical equipment claims files, and assessed monthly, beginning 1 month after cancer diagnosis (or index date), continuing until disability, death, end of Medicare continuous enrollment, or end of study. Results: Factors that were significantly associated with disability status in the cancer cohort were age (HR = 3.50 for &gt;80 years old), female gender (HR = 1.50), race/ethnicity (HR = 1.34 for Hispanic and 1.21 for Black), stage (HR = 2.26 for distant stage), comorbidity (HR = 2.18 for &gt;1), and radiation (HR = 1.21). When compared to the non-cancer cohort, having a cancer diagnosis (HR = 1.07) and comorbidity (HR = 2.09 for &gt;1) were associated with developing disability. Conclusions: Colorectal diagnosis is an independent risk for disability status. Beyond well-known risk factors “age and mortality” subsets of survivors (Hispanic and Black survivors and those with comorbidity) are found to be at higher risk for developing disability. This warrants further investigation and may indicate targeted intervention to prevent future disability.
Race, Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, and Gut Microbiome
Authors: Sun X , Chen Z , Yuan F , Chan R , Cooper G , Li L 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Gut microbiome plays an increasingly recognized important role in human health. This study aims to evaluate the association among race, neighborhood disadvantage index (NDI), and gut microbiome in patients undergoing screening colonoscopy. Methods: The study includes 689 patients aged 50–80 years undergoing screening colonoscopy at University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center. Each patient donated a stool sample 1–4 weeks prior to their colonoscopy examination. 16S ribosomal RNA genes in stools were sequenced and classified into 236 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) to species level. Neighborhood Disadvantage Index (NDI) was derived from 17 variables reflecting neighborhood contextual environment. We first examined the association of race with microbiota, and race with NDI. We then examined further the association between NDI and each microbiota by linear mixed effect model to account for the correlation within census tract, with adjustment of age, sex, BMI, smoking, and sequencing batch. The significance of associations between microbiota and NDI are evaluated by likelihood ratio tests. Q-value was estimated for False Discovery Rate (FDR)-based multiple testing correction. For the microbiota associated with NDI with Q-value ⇐ 0.05, we additionally adjusted for genetic ancestry in the model in a subset of 222 patients who have available genome-wide ancestry informative SNP genotype data. Results: Of all the 172 microbiota that have minimum relative abundances &gt;0.005, 13 microbiota were significantly associated with race. We speculate that such association with race could be at least partially driven by neighborhood socioeconomic environment, i.e., racialized neighborhood environment - given the high correlation of race and NDI (corr = 0.60, P = 3.38E-56). Multivariate-adjusted regression models showed that 5 microbiota were positively associated with NDI (Q-value &lt; 0.05). Subset analysis of 222 patients with further controlling for genetic ethnicity shows that two microbiotas remain significantly associated with NDI. Conclusions: Residential neighborhood disadvantage was found to impact gut microbiota. Further studies to validate our findings and to delineate the functionality of these NDI-associated microbiota are warranted.
Improved Color Satellite Image Segmentation Using Tsallis Entropy and Granular Computing
Authors: Kumar. N Jagan , L Agilandeeswari. , M Prabukumar. 
Published: March 2020

<p>The research work is to improve the segmentation of the color satellite images. In this proposed method the color satellite image can be segmented by using Tsallis entropy and granular computing methods with the help of cuckoo search algorithm. The Tsallis and granular computing methods will used to find the maximum possibility of threshold limits and the cuckoo search will find the optimized threshold values based on threshold limit that is calculated by the Tsallis entropy and granular computing methods and the multilevel thresholding will used for the segmentation of color satellite images based on the optimized threshold value that will find by this work and these methods will help to select the optimized threshold values for multiple thresholding effectively.<strong></strong></p>
Building Fault Tolerance Within Wsn- A Topology Model
Authors: Krishna M. Sai Rama , Gayathri Ch. Jnana , Rao K. Laxmi Pallavi 
Published: March 2020

<p>Wireless Sensor network plays a crucial role which helps in visualizing, processing, and analyzing the information wirelessly. WSN is a network which consists of huge amount of sensor devices which are of low cost and low powered also known as sensor nodes. These type of networks are generally used in real time applications such as monitoring of environmental conditions, militaries, industries etc.,.but the problem that exists in WSN is may be due to different failures such as node failure, link failure, sink failure, interference, power dissipation and collision. If these faults are unable to handle then the desired network criteria’s may not be reached properly which results in inefficiency of the network. So, the main idea behind the investigation is to form a different networking topology which works in the event of failure</p>
Study and optimization of a renewable system of small power generation
Authors: Hadjidj Mohammed Salim , Faouzi Bibi Triki , Faouzi Didi 
Published: March 2020

<p class="Abstract">In this paper, a study was conducted on the sustainable development of solar and wind energy sources. The approach adopted is to exploit the two renewable resources by arriving to determine optimal configurations of photovoltaic and / or wind energy system with storage to provide electricity to a self-contained residential apartment located in the city of Tlemcen , in Algeria. The Tlemcen site showed a more favourable trend to use the photovoltaic system alone on the hybrid PV / wind system because of the low wind speeds of this site. The calculation method used is based on the monthly averages for ten consecutive years, data collected by the Tlemcen Zenâta weather station in order to have a better reliability analysis of an electric power generation system. In addition, the methods used in this study can be used to determine the optimal size of the most economical hybrid system that corresponds to any site in the world and for any requested load.</p><p class="Abstract"> </p>
Theory and development of magnetic flux leakage sensor for flaws detection: A review
Authors: Sharif Nor Afandi , Ramli Rizauddin , Mohamed Abdullah Zawawi , Zaki Nuawi Mohd 
Published: March 2020

<p>This paper presents a review of state-of-art in the Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) sensor technology, which plays an important role in Nondestructive Testing (NDT) to detect crack and corrosion in ferromagnetic material. The demand of more reliable MFL tools and signal acquisition increase as it has a direct impact on structure integrity and can lead to be major catastrophic upon questionable signal analysis. This is because the size, cost, efficiency, and reliability of the extensive MFL system for NDT applications primarily depend on signal acquisition as a qualitative measure in producing a trustworthy analysis. Therefore, the selection of appropriate tools and methodology plays a major role in determining the comprehensive performance of the system. This paper also reviews an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Finite Element Method (FEM) in developing an optimum permeability standard on the test piece. </p>
Editorial
Authors: Koyano Amayi Luiza Soares , Glicenstein Jérôme , Ishii Aline Magalhães dos Santos  Silvério , Padilha Josias 
Published: March 2020

Editorial do número 25 da Revista Criação & Crítica, Literatura e artes visuais: entre o lisível e o visível, organizado pelos editores Jérôme Glicenstein (Paris VIII), Aline Magalhães dos Santos Silvério Ishii (USP), Josias Padilha (USP/Paris VIII) e Amayi Luiza Soares Koyano (USP).
A cor na narrativa
Authors: Almeida Luara Teixeira de , Oliveira Maria Rosa Duarte de 
Published: March 2020

A partir de uma análise da relação entre o texto verbal e o visual no livro Pequeno Azul e Pequeno Amarelo de Leo Lionni (2011), este artigo tem como objetivo estabelecer um estudo intermidiático da obra, buscando compreender, principalmente, o papel da cor neste espaço narrativo, conferindo-lhe relevância em relação à história e desdobrando as suas potencialidades de sentido. Para isso, será considerada a função da cor como personagem, incorporando suas especificidades na criação de um texto mixmídia, cujos signos possuem coerência no momento em que são lidos juntos, sem que haja subordinação entre palavra e imagem-cor.