bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintenance of Efficacy and Safety of Ustekinumab Through One Year in a Phase II Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Crossover Trial of Patients With Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: van Vollenhoven Ronald F. , Hahn Bevra H. , Tsokos George C. , Lipsky Peter , Fei Kaiyin , Gordon Robert M. , Gregan Irene , Lo Kim Hung , Chevrier Marc , Rose Shawn 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of ustekinumab through 1 year in a phase II trial in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsEligible patients were diagnosed as having clinically active SLE (based on Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics criteria), despite standard background therapy. Active disease was defined by an SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI‐2K) score of ≥6 as well as having ≥1 British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) A organ domain score and/or ≥2 BILAG B organ domain scores present at screening. Patients (n = 102) were randomized (3:2) to receive either ustekinumab (~6 mg/kg of single intravenous infusion at week 0, then 90‐mg subcutaneous injections every 8 weeks beginning at week 8) or a matching placebo added to standard therapy. At week 24, the placebo group crossed over to receive a subcutaneous 90‐mg dose of ustekinumab every 8 weeks, and the original ustekinumab group continued to receive therapy through week 40. Maintenance of efficacy was assessed using the SLEDAI‐2K, the SLE Responder Index 4 (SRI‐4), physician global assessment, and mucocutaneous and joint disease measures in a modified intent‐to‐treat population.ResultsSRI‐4 response rates were significantly greater in the ustekinumab group (62%) versus the placebo group (33%) in the week 24 primary end point analysis (P = 0.006) and were maintained at week 48 (63.3%) in the ustekinumab group. In the ustekinumab group, response rates across other disease measures were also maintained through week 48. Among patients in the placebo group who crossed over to ustekinumab treatment (n = 33), increased response rates across efficacy measures were noted. Among all ustekinumab‐treated patients, 81.7% had ≥1 adverse event (AE), and 15.1% had ≥1 serious AE through week 56. No deaths, malignancies, opportunistic infections, or tuberculosis cases were observed.ConclusionUstekinumab provided sustained clinical benefit in patients with SLE through 1 year, with a safety profile consistent with other indications.
Effect of perturbations in the Coriolis and centrifugal forces in the Robe‐finite straight segment model with arbitrary density parameter
Authors: Kaur Bhavneet , Kumar Dinesh , Chauhan Shipra 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe present article is a study of the effect of small perturbations ϵ and ϵ′ in the Coriolis and centrifugal forces, respectively, on the existence and stability of the equilibrium points in the Robe's restricted three‐body problem when the smaller primary is a finite straight segment. The effect of small perturbations in the centrifugal force has a substantial effect on the location of the equilibrium points, but a small perturbation in the Coriolis force has no impact on them. The present model has two collinear, two out‐of‐plane, and an infinite number of noncollinear equilibrium points. Furthermore, we have discussed the stability of the equilibrium points analytically. The collinear equilibrium points L1 and L2 are found to be conditionally stable for the parameters μ, k, l, ϵ, and ϵ′. It is perceived that, for any ϵ with ∣ϵ ∣  ≪ 1 and ϵ′ ≤ 0.2, L1 is stable, and for ϵ′ ≥ 0.23, it becomes unstable. Furthermore, for any ϵ with |ϵ| ≪ 1 and ϵ′ ≤ −0.025, L2 is stable, and for ϵ′ ≥ −0.024, it becomes unstable. The noncollinear and out‐of‐plane equilibrium points are always unstable.
Hybrid Electrode Innovations in Triple and Quadruple Dimensions for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Pham Tuyet Nhung , Hur Jaehyun , Kim Il Tae , Lee Yongil , Lee Young‐Chul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHybrid electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) based on the dimensional combination of various nanomaterials have been widely investigated in recent years. This is an inevitable development trend that seeks to inherit and promote the remarkable achievements of the double designs for an ideal electrode in both performance and stability. However, a clear and in‐depth understanding of the origin of the common progress trends, as well as the opportunities and challenges of such designs, are somewhat elusive due to the lack of detailed reviews of the field. Herein, we present a review of the hybrid electrodes arising from triple and quadruple combinational dimensions in LIB applications. The critical challenges of normal electrode operation are discussed in a detailed way to better understand how interactions and synergistic effects in hybrid design affect the mechanical aspects, electrochemical properties, performance and cycle life of batteries. Finally, the developments and innovations in future electrodes based on these higher‐dimensional hybrid designs are presented.
Zig‐Zag Type Molecular Design Strategy of N‐Type Hosts for Sky‐Blue Thermally‐Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yang Chang Yoon , Lee Kyung Hyung , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: November 2019

AbstractN‐type hosts for long lifetime in sky‐blue thermally‐activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) were investigated by synthesizing four hosts with zig‐zag‐type backbone structure for high triplet energy. The four hosts had two CN units at different positions of the zig‐zag‐type backbone structure and two dibenzofuran units through either the 2 or 4‐position of dibenzofuran. The position of the CN unit was controlled at the meta and para‐positions in the zig‐zag‐type backbone to study the relationship between material parameters and lifetime of the TADF OLEDs. It was revealed that the meta‐orientation of the CN units in the backbone was advantageous to extend device lifetime of the sky‐blue TADF OLEDs.
A new distribution‐free k‐sample test: Analysis of kernel density functionals
Authors: Chen Su 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA novel distribution‐free k‐sample test of differences in location shifts based on the analysis of kernel density functional estimation is introduced and studied. The proposed test parallels one‐way analysis of variance and the Kruskal–Wallis (KW) test aiming at testing locations of unknown distributions. In contrast to the rank (score)‐transformed non‐parametric approach, such as the KW test, the proposed F‐test uses the measurement responses along with well‐known kernel density estimation (KDE) to estimate the locations and construct the test statistic. A practical optimal bandwidth selection procedure is also provided. Our simulation studies and real data example indicate that the proposed analysis of kernel density functional estimate (ANDFE) test is superior to existing competitors for fat‐tailed or heavy‐tailed distributions when the k groups differ mainly in location rather than shape, especially with unbalanced data. ANDFE is also highly recommended when it is unclear whether test groups differ mainly in shape or location. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 48: 167–186; 2020 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
Revisiting Bromohexitols as a Novel Class of Microenvironment‐Activated Prodrugs for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Johansson Henrik , Hussain Omar , Allison Simon J. , Robinson Tony V. , Phillips Roger M. , Sejer Pedersen Daniel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBromohexitols represent a potent class of DNA‐alkylating carbohydrate chemotherapeutics that has been largely ignored over the last decades due to safety concerns. The limited structure−activity relationship data available reveals significant changes in cytotoxicity with even subtle changes in stereochemistry. However, no attempts have been made to improve the therapeutic window by rational drug design or by using a prodrug approach to exploit differences between tumour physiology and healthy tissue, such as acidic extracellular pH and hypoxia. Herein, we report the photochemical synthesis of highly substituted endoperoxides as key precursors for dibromohexitol derivatives and investigate their use as microenvironment‐activated prodrugs for targeting cancer cells. One endoperoxide was identified to have a marked increased activity under hypoxic and low pH conditions, indicating that endoperoxides may serve as microenvironment‐activated prodrugs.
Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation analysis in tissue and plasma from the AURA3 trial: Osimertinib versus platinum‐pemetrexed for T790M mutation‐positive advanced non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Papadimitrakopoulou Vassiliki A. , Han Ji‐Youn , Ahn Myung‐Ju , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Delmonte Angelo , Hsia Te‐Chun , Laskin Janessa , Kim Sang‐We , He Yong , Tsai Chun‐Ming , Hida Toyoaki , Maemondo Makoto , Kato Terufumi , Jenkins Suzanne , Patel Sabina , Huang Xiangning , Laus Gianluca , Markovets Aleksandra , Thress Kenneth S. , Wu Yi‐Long , Mok Tony 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThis study assesses different technologies for detecting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations from circulating tumor DNA in patients with EGFR T790M‐positive advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from the AURA3 study (NCT02151981), and it evaluates clinical responses to osimertinib and platinum‐pemetrexed according to the plasma T790M status.MethodsTumor tissue biopsy samples were tested for T790M during screening with the cobas EGFR Mutation Test (cobas tissue). Plasma samples were collected at screening and at the baseline and were retrospectively analyzed for EGFR mutations with the cobas EGFR Mutation Test v2 (cobas plasma), droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR; Biodesix), and next‐generation sequencing (NGS; Guardant360, Guardant Health).ResultsWith cobas tissue test results as a reference, the plasma T790M positive percent agreement (PPA) was 51% (110 of 215 samples) by cobas plasma, 58% (110 of 189) by ddPCR, and 66% (136 of 207) by NGS. Plasma T790M detection was associated with a larger median baseline tumor size (56 mm for T790M‐positive vs 39 mm for T790M‐negative; P < .0001) and the presence of extrathoracic disease (58% for M1b‐positive vs 39% for M0‐1a‐positive; P = .002). Progression‐free survival (PFS) was prolonged in randomized patients (tissue T790M‐positive) with a T790M‐negative cobas plasma result in comparison with those with a T790M‐positive plasma result in both osimertinib (median, 12.5 vs 8.3 months) and platinum‐pemetrexed groups (median, 5.6 vs 4.2 months).ConclusionsPPA was similar between ddPCR and NGS assays; both were more sensitive than cobas plasma. All 3 test platforms are suitable for routine clinical practice. In patients with tissue T790M‐positive NSCLC, an absence of detectable plasma T790M at the baseline is associated with longer PFS, which may be attributed to a lower disease burden.
Impact of age at diagnosis of de novo metastatic prostate cancer on survival
Authors: Bernard Brandon , Burnett Colin , Sweeney Christopher J. , Rider Jennifer R. , Sridhar Srikala S. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundAn older age at the diagnosis of prostate cancer has been linked to worse prostate cancer–specific survival (PCSS). However, these studies were conducted before the approval of many life‐prolonging drugs. This study was aimed at describing outcomes in a contemporary cohort of men diagnosed with de novo metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) and assessing associations with the age at diagnosis while controlling for known prognostic factors.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry was used to identify men diagnosed with mPCa from 2004 to 2014. Men were classified by 4 age groups: ≤54, 55 to 64, 65 to 74, and ≥75 years. The median overall survival, PCSS, and restricted mean survival times for any‐cause mortality and prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM) were calculated. Multivariable and subdistribution hazard ratios for PCSM according to age group and with controlling for race, marital status, and income were estimated.ResultsCompared with men aged ≤54 years, men aged ≥75 years experienced a mean PCSS at 5 years that was 6.7 months shorter (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.5‐7.8 months). In multivariable analyses, men aged ≥75 years had a 49% increase in the rate of PCSM in comparison with those aged ≤54 years (95% CI, 1.39‐1.60). The subdistribution hazard ratio for PCSM between these groups was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.32‐1.50).ConclusionsAge was found to be an independent predictor of shorter PCSS in men diagnosed with de novo mPCa even in an era with more effective therapies. Further work is needed to determine the reason for poor outcomes in older men with mPCa.
Enzyme‐Like Catalytic Activity of Porphyrin‐Functionalized Ceria Nanotubes for Water Oxidation
Authors: Meng Jiao , Li Haining , Chen Ruiping , Sun Xun , Sun Xuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractArtificial enzymes have broad applications in catalysis and can be used to help understand catalytic mechanisms. Nanoceria has various enzyme‐mimetic properties that depend on the relative content of Ce3+ and Ce4+. In this context, CeO2 nanotubes was investigated as catalase mimics for water oxidation. The photosensitizer 5,10,15,20‐meso‐tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) was facilely embedded in CeO2 nanotubes (TCPP@CeO2 NTs), and photoinduced charge transfer was shown to occur between the strongly coupled TCPP and CeO2, which leads to effective charge separation and charge redistribution within the hybrids. As a consequence, formation of H2O2, a competing process in water oxidation and a key factor that affects the oxidative stability of photoelectrodes, was effectively inhibited on TCPP@CeO2 NTs. These findings show that enzyme mimics can be used for the selective generation of reactive oxygen species, and therefore to control the kinetics of water oxidation.
Self‐tunable chaotic true random bit generator in current‐mode CMOS circuit with nonlinear distortion analysis
Authors: Addabbo Tommaso , Fort Ada , Mugnaini Marco , Petra Nicola , Takaloo Hadis , Vignoli Valerio 
Published: November 2019

SummaryWe discuss the low‐complexity integrated circuit design of a true random bit generator with parametric self‐tuning capabilities. The design targets a mixed‐signal complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) current‐mode circuit implementing the Sawtooth chaotic map. Starting from the analysis of the proposed circuit topologies, we investigate how the dynamical system behavior is affected by nonlinear distortions, discussing theoretical simplified models and resorting to qualified numerical simulations. The circuit solutions proposed in this paper and validated with experiments represent an improvement of the designs published in literature, proposing technical solutions to solve stability issues and introducing parametric adjustment capabilities while maintaining a strong link with the studied theoretical models.
Real‐Time Monitoring of Bacteria Clearance From Blood in a Murine Model
Authors: Harrington Walter N. , Nolan Jacqueline , Nedosekin Dmitry A. , Smeltzer Mark S. , Zharov Vladimir P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBloodstream infections, especially those that are antibiotic resistant, pose a significant challenge to health care leading to increased hospitalization time and patient mortality. There are different facets to this problem that make these diseases difficult to treat, such as the difficulty to detect bacteria in the blood and the poorly understood mechanism of bacterial invasion into and out of the circulatory system. However, little progress has been made in developing techniques to study bacteria dynamics in the bloodstream. Here, we present a new approach using an in vivo flow cytometry platform for real‐time, noninvasive, label‐free, and quantitative monitoring of the lifespan of green fluorescent protein‐expressing Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a murine model. We report a relatively fast average rate of clearance for S. aureus (k = 0.37 ± 0.09 min−1, half‐life ~1.9 min) and a slower rate for P. aeruginosa (k = 0.07 ± 0.02 min−1, half‐life ~9.6 min). We also observed what appears to be two stages of clearance for S. aureus, while P. aeruginosa appeared only to have a single stage of clearance. Our results demonstrate that an advanced research tool can be used for studying the dynamics of bacteria cells directly in the bloodstream, providing insight into the progression of infectious diseases in circulation. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Percent ash‐free dry weight as a robust method to estimate energy density across taxa
Authors: Weil Jacob , Trudel Marc , Tucker Strahan , Brodeur Richard D. , Juanes Francis 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDetermining how energy flows through ecosystems reveals underlying ecological patterns that drive processes such as growth and food web dynamics. Models that assess the transfer of energy from producers to consumers require information on the energy content or energy density (ED) of prey species. ED is most accurately measured through bomb calorimetry, but this method suffers from limitations of cost, time, and sample requirements that often make it unrealistic for many studies. Percent dry weight (DW) is typically used as a proxy for ED, but this measure includes an indigestible portion (e.g., bones, shell, salt) that can vary widely among organisms. Further, several distinct models exist for various taxonomic groups, yet none can accurately estimate invertebrate, vertebrate and plant ED with a single equation. Here, we present a novel method to estimate the ED of organisms using percent ash‐free dry weight (AFDW). Using data obtained from 11 studies diverse in geographic, temporal and taxonomic scope, AFDW, DW as well as percent protein and percent lipid were compared as predictors of ED. Linear models were produced on a logarithmic scale, including dummy variables for broad taxonomic groups. AFDW was the superior predictor of ED compared to DW, percent protein content and percent lipid content. Model selection revealed that using correction factors (dummy variables) for aquatic animals (AA) and terrestrial invertebrates (TI) produced the best‐supported model—log10(ED) = 1.07*log10(AFDW) − 0.80 (R2 = 0.978, p < .00001)—with an intercept adjustment of 0.09 and 0.04 for AA and TI, respectively. All models including AFDW as a predictor had high predictive power (R2 > 0.97), suggesting that AFDW can be used with high degrees of certainty to predict the ED of taxonomically diverse organisms. Our AFDW model will allow ED to be determined with minimal cost and time requirements and excludes ash‐weight from estimates of digestible mass. Its ease of use will allow for ED to be more readily and accurately determined for diverse taxa across different ecosystems.
B‐type natriuretic peptide trend predicts clinical significance of worsening renal function in acute heart failure
Authors: Wettersten Nicholas , Horiuchi Yu , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Mueller Christian , Filippatos Gerasimos , Nowak Richard , Hogan Christopher , Kontos Michael C. , Cannon Chad M. , Müeller Gerhard A. , Birkhahn Robert , Taub Pam , Vilke Gary M. , Barnett Olga , McDonald Kenneth , Mahon Niall , Nuñez Julio , Briguori Carlo , Passino Claudio , Murray Patrick T. , Maisel Alan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsIn acute heart failure (AHF), relationships between changes in B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and worsening renal function (WRF) and its prognostic implications have not been fully determined. We investigated the relationship between WRF and a decrease in BNP with in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality in AHF.Methods and resultsThe Acute Kidney Injury NGAL Evaluation of Symptomatic heart faIlure Study (AKINESIS) was a prospective, international, multicentre study of AHF patients. Severe WRF (sWRF) was a sustained increase of ≥44.2 μmol/L (0.5 mg/dL) or ≥50% in creatinine, non‐severe WRF (nsWRF) was a non‐sustained increase of ≥26.5 μmol/L (0.3 mg/dL) or ≥50% in creatinine, and WRF with clinical deterioration was nsWRF with renal replacement therapy, inotrope use, or mechanical ventilation. Decreased BNP was defined as a ≥30% reduction in the last measured BNP compared to admission BNP. Among 814 patients, the incidence of WRF was not different between patients with or without decreased BNP (nsWRF: 33% vs. 31%, P = 0.549; sWRF: 11% vs. 9%, P = 0.551; WRF with clinical deterioration: 8% vs. 10%, P = 0.425). Decreased BNP was associated with better in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality regardless of WRF, while WRF was associated with worse outcomes only in patients without decreased BNP. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, decreased BNP, sWRF, and WRF with clinical deterioration were significantly associated with 1‐year mortality.ConclusionsDecreased BNP was associated with better in‐hospital and long‐term outcomes. WRF was only associated with adverse outcomes in patients without decreased BNP.
Antibacterial Activities of Sophorolipids and Nisin and Their Combination against Foodborne Pathogen Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Chen Jing , Lü Zhifei , An Zaiyong , Ji Pingsheng , Liu Xinli 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn food processing, both preservatives and surfactants are usually added to ensure the quality of food. Sophorolipids (SLs) are extracellular biosurfactants produced by yeasts that have antibacterial activities. Nisin is a polycyclic antibacterial peptide produced by Lactococcus lactis. In this study, the possibility of using SLs alone as a preservative and in combination with nisin as a compound additive is investigated. SLs and nisin exhibit effective antibacterial activities against foodborne pathogen Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 32 and 0.5 µg mL−1, respectively. Both SLs and nisin increase cell wall and cell membrane permeability of S. aureus, enhance intracellular content release and activities of extracellular ALP and β‐galactosidase, and reduce respiratory‐chain dehydrogenase activity of the pathogen. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index for SLs and nisin combination is 1.5, indicating the effect of SLs with nisin is additive. Results of the study indicate that SLs could be used alone as a preservative or in combination with nisin as a promising compound additive with functions of both emulsifier and preservative.Practical Applications: SLs could be used alone as a preservative in food industry or in combination with nisin as a promising compound additive with functions of both emulsifier and preservative.
Cooperative jamming AF networks via Nakagami‐m fading channels
Authors: Hadj Alouane Wided , Boujemaa Hatem 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we highlight a secure reactive amplify‐and‐forward relaying system over Nakagami‐m fading channels in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. We study a destination‐assisted jamming scheme to strengthen the wireless security against any malicious attack. We define a reactive selection where the cooperating node is chosen according to the maximum instantaneous signal‐to‐noise ratio of the second hop. We provide, as well, an optimal power allocation and an approximate analysis for the ergodic secrecy capacity. A selection of simulation results is illustrated to confirm the accuracy of the proposed theoretical analysis.