bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The validity and applicability of CAD-RADS in the management of patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Basha Mohammad Abd Alkhalik , Aly Sameh Abdelaziz , Ismail Ahmad Abdel Azim , Bahaaeldin Hanan A. , Shehata Samar Mohamad 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The coronary artery disease reporting and data system (CAD-RADS) is designed for a uniform standardization of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) reporting and further management recommendations of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to assess clinical validity, applicability, and reproducibility of CAD-RADS in the management of patients with CAD.

Methods and results
A single-center prospective study included 287 patients with clinically suspected or operated CAD who underwent CCTA. Four reviewers evaluated the CCTA images independently and assigned a CAD-RADS category to each patient. The invasive coronary angiography (ICA) was used as the reference standard for calculating diagnostic performance of CAD-RADS for categorizing the degree of coronary artery stenosis. The intra-class correlation (ICC) was used to test the inter-reviewer agreement (IRA). Reporting was provided to referring consultants according to the CAD-RADS. Based on ICA results, we have 156 patients with non-significant CAD and 131 patients with significant CAD. On a patient-based analysis, regarding those patients classified as CAD-RADS 4 and CAD-RADS 5 for predicting significant CAD, the CAD-RADS had a sensitivity, specificity, and an accuracy of 100%, 96.8 to 98.7%, and 98.3 to 99.3%, respectively, depending on the reviewer. There was an excellent IRA for CAD-RADS categories (ICC = 0.9862). The best cutoff value for predicting significant CAD was > CAD-RADS 3. Eighty-seven percentage of referring consultants considered CAD-RADS reporting system to be “quite helpful” or “completely helpful” for clinical decision-making in CAD.

Conclusion
CAD-RADS is valuable for improving CCTA structural reports and facilitating decision-making with high diagnostic accuracy and high reproducibility.
Height estimation from head dimensions in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Eboh Dennis E. O. , Ohaju-Obodo John O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Height estimation is an important stage of forensic investigation to identify an unknown person. The problem of unidentified human remains in the study area, due to local militia activities, kidnapping, and murder, necessitated this study to assess the correlation between the body height and head dimensions and to formulate regression models for estimation of height that are population and gender-specific.

Materials and methods
The study involved 952 subjects (464 males and 488 females), aged 18–30 years, from five ethnic groups and sampled from six universities in South-South Nigeria. Stature, head circumference, head length, and head width were measured using a standard anthropometric method. The data collected were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Statistical significance was pegged at p < 0.05.

Results
There was a significantly greater head dimension in males compared to females. There was a significant relationship between height and head dimensions in the majority of data. The relationship of the head circumference with stature was strongest in male data among the Bekwara and combined data among the Esan and Urhobo. Regarding the head length, the strongest relationship was in females and combined data among Bekwara, and males and combined data among the Ogbia had the strongest relationship. The relationship of stature with the head width was strongest in males and combined data among the Bekwara, and female data among the Ogbia.

Conclusion
This study showed that head dimensions can be used as tools in the height reconstruction of an individual using simple and multiple regression models, and this has medico-legal implication.
Insect fauna of pests and their natural enemies inhabiting sorghum-panicles in Egypt
Authors: El-Gepaly Hosam M. K. H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSorghum panicles offer a very rich microenvironment for many insect pest species and their natural enemies. Thirty arthropod species belonging to 28 families, pertaining to 9 orders were obtained from sorghum panicles planted in Sohag Governorate, Egypt, during the 3 successive seasons of 2016–2018. Out of these species were 14 pests, 16 predators, and 3 parasitoids. Lepidopteran and hemipteran pests were the most dominant species-infested sorghum-panicles during the mature stages of the panicles. Three microlepidopteran pests, the noctuid,Eublemma(Autoba)gayneri(Roth.); the pyralid,Cryptoblabes gnidiellaMillière, and the cosmopterigid,Pyroderces simplexWalsingham, were recorded as major pest species infesting sorghum panicles in Sohag Governorate. The dipteran parasitoid species,Nemorilla floralis(Fallen) (Tachinidae) emerged from the pupae of theE. gayneriandC. gnidiella, while the hymenopteran parasitoid,Brachymeria aegyptiaca(Chalcididae) was obtained from the pupae of all the studied microlepidopteran pests. Spiders, coccinellids, andOriusspp. were the dominant predators collected form panicles. Post-harvest, larvae, and pupae of lepidopteran pests, especiallyP. simplexrecorded (147, 96, and 79 larvae) and (47, 30, and 73 pupae)/10 panicles in 2016, 2017, and 2018 seasons, respectively.
Interpersonal violence and mental health outcomes following disaster
Authors: Molyneaux Robyn , Gibbs Lisa , Bryant Richard A. , Humphreys Cathy , Hegarty Kelsey , Kellett Connie , Gallagher H. Colin , Block Karen , Harms Louise , Richardson John F. , Alkemade Nathan , Forbes David 
Published: December 2019

Background
Disasters pose a documented risk to mental health, with a range of peri- and post-disaster factors (both pre-existing and disaster-precipitated) linked to adverse outcomes. Among these, increasing empirical attention is being paid to the relation between disasters and violence.

Aims
This study examined self-reported experiences of assault or violence victimisation among communities affected by high, medium, and low disaster severity following the 2009 bushfires in Victoria, Australia. The association between violence, mental health outcomes and alcohol misuse was also investigated.

Method
Participants were 1016 adults from high-, medium- and low-affected communities, 3–4 years after an Australian bushfire disaster. Rates of reported violence were compared by areas of bushfire-affectedness. Logistic regression models were applied separately to men and women to assess the experience of violence in predicting general and fire-related post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and alcohol misuse.

Results
Reports of experiencing violence were significantly higher among high bushfire-affected compared with low bushfire-affected regions. Analyses indicated the significant relationship between disaster-affectedness and violence was observed for women only, with rates of 1.0, 0 and 7.4% in low, medium and high bushfire-affected areas, respectively. Among women living in high bushfire-affected areas, negative change to income was associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing violence (odds ratio, 4.68). For women, post-disaster violence was associated with more severe post-traumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms.

Conclusions
Women residing within high bushfire-affected communities experienced the highest levels of violence. These post-disaster experiences of violence are associated with post-disaster changes to income and with post-traumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms among women. These findings have critical implications for the assessment of, and interventions for, women experiencing or at risk of violence post-disaster.
Choosing Death: The Making of Martyrs in Early American Criminal Narratives
Authors: Eyring Mary Kathleen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn 1701 Puritan minister John Rogers published the criminal narrative of Esther Rodgers, who had been convicted of infanticide and executed. Esther Rodgers appears in Rogers’s Death the Certain Wages of Sin not as a depraved criminal or even a repentant sinner but as a courageous Christian martyr. Much of the productive recent scholarship on Rodgers studies the way her criminal status operated in the public sphere generally or print culture specifically, but the literary construction of her legal criminal status reveals a larger negotiation over marginalized individuals’ ability to consent and dissent in early New England and an unexpected orientation toward choice in early American literature. Rogers and his contemporaries engaged the conventions of the early modern criminal narrative to organize the chaos of maternal tragedy according to fictions of choice and the conventions of ancient and antique scripture to recast execution as a prelude to salvation. But in the ill-fitting spaces between the criminal’s story and the forms to which these authors suited it, readers could see a character who was something more—or less—than murderer or martyr: a sympathetic victim granted the ability to consent only in order to certify her legal culpability, religious conversion, and complicity in the macabre spectacle of her own public execution.
Reconstructing Revenge: Race and Justice after the Civil War
Authors: Laski Gregory 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis essay reconsiders the politics of African American literature after the Civil War by focusing on revenge as a response to the wrong of slavery. Though forgiveness dominates literary and historical scholarship, I assemble an archive of real and imagined instances of vengeance in black-authored texts from the period following formal emancipation to the dawn of the twentieth century: the petitions of the freedmen of Edisto Island, South Carolina; the minutes of the 1865 Virginia State Convention of Colored People; the narrative of the ex-slave Samuel Hall; and the Colored American Magazine’s coverage of the lynching of Louis Wright. Reading these works alongside Pauline E. Hopkins’s Winona (1902), I show how her novel develops a philosophy of righteous revenge that reclaims the true meaning of justice in a democracy. Ultimately, this archive can help us not only to examine anew a neglected literary period but also to reimagine racial justice, then and now.
Exporting Manhood: Adaptation and the Post-NAFTA Latinx Novel
Authors: Varon Alberto 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This essay examines the figure of the vanishing male in a trio of novels—Cristina Rivera Garza’s La muerte me da, Luis Alberto Urrea’s Into the Beautiful North, and James Cañon’s Tales from the Town of Widows—whose circa-2007 publication speaks to the fifteen-year legacy of the North American Free Trade Agreement. The essay argues for a notion of “adaptive belonging” as a formal and political strategy for coping with neoliberal policies’ hemispheric shift.
Beyond Protest: Voice and Exit in Contemporary American Poetry
Authors: McKelvey Seth 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In liberal political economy, voice (voting, complaining, etc.) and exit (dissociating, boycotting, etc.) are the two primary feedback mechanisms for improving large organizations. When it comes to the political state, however, exit is off the table: no one leaves the state, so dissenters must articulate their dissatisfaction within systems of representation. For any politics opposed to the state, voice is all one has. This essay reads Juliana Spahr’s This Connection of Everyone with Lungs (2005) and Well Then There Now (2011) and Nathaniel Mackey’s Splay Anthem (2006) as exemplars of an impetus in contemporary American poetry to enable exit from the state. However, this project inevitably fails, and the poetics of exit resorts to a renewed voice. Rather than a complaint addressed to authority, these poets’ voiced demand for exit now forms the potential basis of new political collectivities, people joined by a shared desire to leave the state.
Intervention, Encroachment
Authors: Fenves Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article shows that Walter Benjamin's initial characterization of the “sphere of moral relations” as divided by two mutually exclusive poles, law and justice, without a mediating third term such as “ethical life” or “moral education,” generates the basis for his critique of violence. After describing how this characterization of moral relations both reproduces and inverts the underlying schema of Kant's Metaphysics of Morals, the article outlines the procedure whereby Benjamin's initial definition of violence as an “intervention” into moral relations is supplemented by a corresponding definition of legal “encroachment”: law presents itself as a resolution or “expiation” of morally ambiguous relations; but insofar as the “sphere of moral relations” is split between the two poles of law and justice, such expiation conceals and thus intensifies the moral ambiguity of the situation on which law encroaches. The article concludes by suggesting that contemporary encroachments of law constitute a danger, akin to the growth of nihilism (in Nietzsche's sense), to which Benjamin's essay seeks to alert its readers.
Rechtsphilosophie after the War
Authors: Ng Julia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
What resources does philosophy have at its disposal for a critical analysis of the role of violence in a war of all against all? Faced with this question, Walter Benjamin discovers that legal positivism, which believes in the capacity to derive how law ought to be from the sheer concept of a “correct” law, is constitutively blind to the possibility that values may be misaligned with law, and that the basic structures of law and consensus might come after the fact of power. Drawing on the work of contemporaneous legal theorist Leonard Nelson, this article argues that Benjamin developed a potent critique of the dialectic of recognition at work in the legitimation of violence, making way instead for an analysis of what remains unrecognizable to the normative order: power, loitering as a “nonvalue” in the gap between values and legal ends.
Conscription and Critique
Authors: Ertür Başak 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article focuses on the discussion of general conscription in Walter Benjamin's 1921 essay “Toward the Critique of Violence.” In the essay, Benjamin presents conscription or compulsory military service alongside his discussions of police violence and capital punishment, and as one manifestation of legal violence in which law-preserving and law-positing forms of violence coincide and mix. This article proposes that Benjamin's discussion of conscription should be read as a formal model for understanding how legal subjectification in the modern state works more generally, and how it circumscribes critique. This reading is offered through a series of snapshots of various veins and elements in Benjamin's essay, while also connecting this interpretation to the work of a number of contemporary scholars of colonialism, namely Talal Asad, David Scott, and Samera Esmeir, who all invoke conscription as a particularly powerful metaphor for modern law's tendency to colonize critique.
Benjamin on the Border
Authors: Ty Michelle 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis essay offers a critique of contemporary regimes of migrant repression in light of Walter Benjamin's reflections on borders and their constitutive relation to legal violence. In paragraphs 15–17 of “Toward the Critique of Violence,” Benjamin evokes the legend of Niobe, who, in a fatal stroke of retaliation by the gods, is turned into stone—transformed at once into the grief-stricken precipitate of mythic violence and into an enduring marker of the boundary between two separate and unequal worlds. From this tale, Benjamin unfolds an understanding of the border, not as the mere backdrop for the use of force nor as a territorial demarcation that states may justifiably defend, but as the very instantiation of legal violence (in its originary form). He contends, further, that establishing borders is a technic of ambiguity, designed to represent inequality as a single line that may not be transgressed, and produces, too, a nexus of guilt in relation to which one who “steps over” becomes fated to illegality and to the violence that the latter ostensibly warrants. In drawing attention to the inextricability of borders and the violence that they instantiate, and in exposing the identity between mythic retribution and Grenzsetzung (border-positing), Benjamin offers insight into current practices of criminalizing border crossers and militarizing borderlands. Some promise for the negation of the order that secures those who traverse the border as fatalities of law is found in the essay's final moments, when Benjamin imagines extralegal justice, or divine violence, as a de-creative force that annihilates the borders that confer the sentence of life-destroying guilt.
Investigating gateway effects using the PATH study
Authors: Lee Peter , Fry John 
Published: December 2019

Background: A recent meta-analysis of nine cohort studies in youths reported that baseline ever e-cigarette use strongly predicted cigarette smoking initiation in the next 6-18 months, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 3.62 (95% confidence interval 2.42-5.41). A recent e-cigarette review agreed there was substantial evidence for this “gateway effect”. As the number of confounders considered in the studies was limited we investigated whether the effect might have resulted from inadequate adjustment, using Waves 1 and 2 of the US PATH study. Methods: Our main analyses considered Wave 1 never cigarette smokers who, at Wave 2, had data on smoking initiation.We constructed a propensity score for ever e-cigarette use from Wave 1 variables, using this to predict ever cigarette smoking. Sensitivity analyses accounted for other tobacco product use, linked current e-cigarette use to subsequent current smoking, or used propensity scores for ever smoking or ever tobacco product use as predictors. We also considered predictors using data from both waves, attempting to reduce residual confounding from misclassified responses. Results: Adjustment for propensity dramatically reduced the unadjusted OR of 5.70 (4.33-7.50) to 2.48 (1.85-3.31), 2.47 (1.79-3.42) or 1.85 (1.35-2.53), whether adjustment was made as quintiles, as a continuous variable or for the individual variables. Additional adjustment for other tobacco products reduced this last OR to 1.59 (1.14-2.20). Sensitivity analyses confirmed adjustment removed most of the gateway effect. Control for residual confounding also reduced the association. Conclusions: We found that confounding is a major factor, explaining most of the observed gateway effect. However, our analyses are limited by small numbers of new smokers considered and the possibility of over-adjustment if taking up e-cigarettes affects some predictor variables. Further analyses are intended using Wave 3 data to try to minimize these problems, and clarify the extent of any true gateway effect.
Caring for people with asthma in primary care
Authors: Beeken Sarah 
Published: December 2019

The British Thoracic Society/Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (BTS/SIGN) asthma guidelines were recently updated with the latest evidence. Sarah Beeken provides an overview of the key changes for practice nurses In July this year, the British Thoracic Society/Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (BTS/SIGN) guidelines for the management of asthma were updated, in line with the latest evidence. These updates provide some new approaches to giving personalised care in order to help individuals to better manage their condition. The asthma review is key to good asthma care. This article explains how to gain a personalised understanding of the current control of the person's asthma, their risk of future attack, and how this will allow an appropriate medicine regime to be prescribed, and appropriate counselling and education given that is unique to the individual.
Blind After a Binge: Purtscher-like Retinopathy in Acute Alcoholic Pancreatitis
Authors: Tariq Tooba , Reaume Michael , Hammar Dagan , Shallal Anita , Schauer Mark 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Purtscher-like retinopathy is an occlusive microvasculopathy that causes sudden onset vision loss of varying severity. The condition is a rare complication of acute pancreatitis and is scarcely documented in the literature. In addition, it is vision-threatening, and there are no evidence-based therapies available. We report a 37-year-old woman presenting with abdominal pain and nausea in the setting of heavy alcohol use. She was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. During hospitalization, she developed acute visual disturbance and was found to have significantly diminished visual acuity. A dilated funduscopic examination demonstrated multiple retinal cotton wool spots bilaterally and macular edema. The patient was diagnosed with Purtscher-like retinopathy in the setting of acute pancreatitis. Although the prognosis for her vision was guarded, given the ischemic nature of the insult, she had subjective improvement in visual acuity during the remainder of the hospital course with symptomatic management.
β-Blocker-Induced Liver Injury: A Class Effect With Incidental Rechallenge
Authors: Mitchell Natalie E. , Harner William , Laczek Jeffrey 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Drug-induced liver injury is a common cause of acute liver failure. β-blockers are a widely prescribed class of medications; however, hepatotoxicity is a rare adverse effect of this medication of which clinicians must be aware. This case suggests that hepatotoxicity may be a class effect of β-blockers.
Resistensi Nelayan dalam Pembangunan PLTU Cilacap Desa Menganti Kecamatan Kesugihan Kabupaten Cilacap
Authors: Fitrianita Elsa , Kistanto Nurdien Harry , Lathifah Af'idatul 
Published: December 2019

This research was conducted to find out and describe the resistance of Menganti Kisik fihermen in the construction of the PLTU Cilacap in Menganti Village, Kesugihan District, Cilacap Regency, analyzing the sources and forms that caused the resistance of Menganti fihermen to the construction of the PLTU Cilacap and how the strategies to survive and efforts to resolve the conflict. The research method used is the ethnographic method. This research was conducted in March to May in the coastal area of Menganti Village, Menganti Kisik. The data collection techniques are carried out by means of observation, ethnographic interviews, and documentation. The data analysis techniques were carried out in an ethnographic manner with qualitative descriptions. The results of the study showed that the resistance of the Menganti Kisik fishermen occurred due to the perceived loss in the social, economic and physical sectors due to the construction of the PLTU Cilacap. Fishermen choose the hidden transcript resistance and collective resistance. The fishermen do the resistance is because of the imbalance of the work space sector and damage to the coastal and marine areas which cause coastal abrasion in Menganti Village. The kind of resistance are include the differences in perceptions between fishermen in responding to the construction of the PLTU Cilacap, compensation polemics, and expressions of resistance. The strategy of surviving fishermen in the midst of losses due to the construction of the PLTU Cilacap is to establish a social organization KUPM Menganti Kisik which is used as a medium of collective resistance.
SWEARING IN BANJARNESE: A GENDER ANALYSIS
Authors: Lestary Agustina , Mubarraq Yasyir Fahmi 
Published: December 2019

This study aims to analyze the swearing words used by Banjarese. The researchers apply the gender analysis as the main theoretical framework. The data of this study are swearing words commonly used by Banjarese, regardless of age or educational background. The swearing words are classified into; those mostly used by male and those used by female. The researchers draw conclusion after classifying the group of words and what they represent. Based on the findings, it is found that male and female mostly use different words to swear. Female uses wider range of words to swear in comparison to the words used by male.