bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra-Sensitive Serial Profiling of SARS-CoV-2 Antigens and Antibodies in Plasma to Understand Disease Progression in COVID-19 Patients with Severe Disease
Authors: Ogata Alana F , Maley Adam M , Wu Connie , Gilboa Tal , Norman Maia , Lazarovits Roey , Mao Chih-Ping , Newton Gail , Chang Matthew , Nguyen Katrina , Kamkaew Maliwan , Zhu Quan , Gibson Travis E , Ryan Edward T , Charles Richelle C , Marasco Wayne A , Walt David R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected over 21 million people worldwide since August 16, 2020. Compared to PCR and serology tests, SARS-CoV-2 antigen assays are underdeveloped, despite their potential to identify active infection and monitor disease progression.

Methods
We used Single Molecule Array (Simoa) assays to quantitatively detect SARS-CoV-2 spike, S1 subunit, and nucleocapsid antigens in the plasma of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We studied plasma from 64 patients who were COVID-19 positive, 17 who were COVID-19 negative, and 34 prepandemic patients. Combined with Simoa anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological assays, we quantified changes in 31 SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers in 272 longitudinal plasma samples obtained for 39 patients with COVID-19. Data were analyzed by hierarchical clustering and were compared to longitudinal RT-PCR test results and clinical outcomes.

Results
SARS-CoV-2 S1 and N antigens were detectable in 41 out of 64 COVID-19 positive patients. In these patients, full antigen clearance in plasma was observed a mean ± 95% CI of 5 ± 1 days after seroconversion and nasopharyngeal RT-PCR tests reported positive results for 15 ± 5 days after viral-antigen clearance. Correlation between patients with high concentrations of S1 antigen and ICU admission (77%) and time to intubation (within 1 day) was statistically significant.

Conclusions
The reported SARS-CoV-2 Simoa antigen assay is the first to detect viral antigens in the plasma of patients who were COVID-19 positive to date. These data show that SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens in the blood are associated with disease progression, such as respiratory failure, in COVID-19 cases with severe disease.
Asymmetric reinforcement inLucaniakillifish: assessing reproductive isolation when both sexes choose
Authors: St. John Michelle E , Fuller Rebecca C 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReinforcement can occur when maladaptive hybridization in sympatry favors the evolution of conspecific preferences and target traits that promote behavioral isolation (BI). In many systems, enhanced BI is due to increased female preference for conspecifics. In others, BI is driven by male preference, and in other systems both sexes exert preferences. Some of these patterns can be attributed to classic sex-specific costs and benefits of preference. Alternatively, sex differences in conspecific preference can emerge due to asymmetric postzygotic isolation (e.g., hybrid offspring from female A × male B have lower fitness than hybrid offspring from female B × male A), which can lead to asymmetric BI (e.g., female A and male B are less likely to mate than female B and male A). Understanding reinforcement requires understanding how conspecific preferences evolve in sympatry. Yet, estimating conspecific preferences can be difficult when both sexes are choosy. In this study, we use Lucania killifish to test the hypothesis that patterns of reinforcement are driven by asymmetric postzygotic isolation between species. If true, we predicted that sympatric female Lucania goodei and sympatric male L. parva should have lower levels of BI compared with their sympatric counterparts, as they produce hybrid offspring with the highest fitness. To address the problem of measuring BI when both sexes are choosy, we inferred the contribution to BI of each partner using assays where one sex in the mating pair comes from an allopatric population with potentially low preference, whereas the other comes from a sympatric population with high preference. For one hybrid cross direction, we found that both female L. parva and male L. goodei have high contributions to BI in sympatry. In the other hybrid cross direction, we found that only female L. goodei contribute to BI. Sympatric male L. parva readily engaged in hybrid spawnings with allopatric L. goodei females. These results indicate that both asymmetric postzygotic isolation and the traditional sex-specific costs to preference likely affect the nature of selection on conspecific preferences and target traits.
Unravelling the puzzle of antithrombotic therapies for complex percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: De Luca Leonardo , Valgimigli Marco 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has remarkably evolved in the last decades. This has resulted in a larger number of patients treated with PCI, including those with more complex anatomic lesions. Several studies demonstrated that PCI involving complex lesions is associated with increased rate of procedural complications and adverse clinical outcomes. In this setting, optimal adjunctive antithrombotic regimens still need to be defined. In this review, we sought to summarize and discuss the recent evidence deriving from analyses appraising antithrombotic therapies in patients undergoing complex PCI.
Editor and peer reviewer financial conflict of interest policies in public health journals
Authors: Ralph Alyssa , Petticrew Mark , Hutchings Andrew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The influence of harmful commodity industries on health research has heightened concerns around author financial conflicts of interest (FCOIs) in public health journals (PHJs), with little discussion of potential editorial, i.e., editor and reviewer, FCOIs. In this analysis of 20 prominent PHJs, detailed disclosure requirements, the inclusion of timeframes, and policy accessibility were found lacking in editorial, compared with author, FCOI policies. Disclosure forms were employed in 32% of PHJs for authors but not for editors or reviewers. Recusal policies were similar for reviewers (68%) and editors (60%). Strengthening editorial FCOI policies will increase the integrity of PHJs’ editorial processes.
Evaluation of a Functional Restoration Program at Fort Bliss Interdisciplinary Pain Management Clinic
Authors: Nguyen Khan T , Beauchamp Daniel W , Lovett Ursel , Tillman Demitris , Janze Aeneas , Ruiz Alberto , Romero Rocio , Ting Wen Chun , Wilson Eric B , Wright Damedrist , Edlin Christina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction
In partnership with the Veterans Health Administration, in 2010, the Department of Defense/Veterans Health Administration Pain Management Task Force Final Report recommended a comprehensive pain management plan. Consequently, each Army medical center established an Interdisciplinary Pain Management Clinic (IPMC) for pain treatment, and each IPMC implements a multidisciplinary outpatient functional restoration program (FRP) as an alternative to or in addition to pharmacological therapy. This article reports our first-year FRP results at William Beaumont Army Medical Center IPMC.

Materials and Methods
The FRP is designed to improve the participants’ functionality and quality of life, both personally and professionally. Service members with chronic pain were evaluated for psychological and physical clearance before enrollment in an intense and structured FRP for 8 hours a day over 3 weeks. The program focused on physical and occupational exercises, yoga, acupuncture, and educational classes regarding pain medications, nutrition, and coping skills. The resulting data were analyzed using paired two-tailed t-tests with a predetermined significance level of 0.05 to examine the participants’ mean changes upon completion of the FRP.

Results
The pre-post comparison indicated significant improvement after completion of the FRP. The fear-avoidance of physical activities and the fear of movement scores were reduced significantly (P &lt; 0.05); the Canadian occupational performance and satisfaction, physical strength and endurance were improved significantly (P &lt; 0.0001) in sit-to-stand, plank balance, lifting and carrying, and 10-minute 7-to-1 Pyramid tests; however, fear-avoidance of work was not significantly reduced (P = 0.2319).

Conclusions
Because of the lack of randomization and the small number of subjects (N = 32, 7 cohorts), unknown sources of bias may have influenced the results. Despite these limitations, the results from this report support the program’s effectiveness and are consistent with the outcomes from FRP programs in other military facilities and in civilian studies.
Hearing Problems Among the Members of the Defence Forces in Relation to Personal and Occupational Risk Factors
Authors: Luha Assar , Kaart Tanel , Merisalu Eda , Indermitte Ene , Orru Hans 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The Defence Forces’ members are exposed to high-level noise that increases their risk of hearing loss (HL). Besides military noise, the other risk factors include age and gender, ototoxic chemicals, vibration, and chronic stress. The current study was designed to study the effects of personal, work conditions-related risk factors, and other health-related traits on the presence of hearing problems.

Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional study among active military service members was carried out. Altogether, 807 respondents completed a questionnaire about their health and personal and work-related risk factors in indoor and outdoor environments. The statistical analysis was performed using statistical package of social sciences (descriptive statistics) and R (correlation and regression analysis) software.

Results
Almost half of the active service members reported HL during their service period. The most important risk factors predicting HL in the military appeared to be age, gender, and service duration. Also, working in a noisy environment with exposure to technological, vehicle, and impulse noise shows a statistically significant effect on hearing health. Moreover, we could identify the effect of stress on tinnitus and HL during the service period. Most importantly, active service members not using hearing protectors, tend to have more tinnitus than those who use it.

Conclusions
The members of the Defence Forces experience noise from various sources, most of it resulting from outdoor activities. Personal and work conditions-related risk factors as well as stress increase the risk of hearing problems.
A fully integrated machine learning scan of selection in the chimpanzee genome
Authors: Nye Jessica , Mondal Mayukh , Bertranpetit Jaume , Laayouni Hafid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAfter diverging, each chimpanzee subspecies has been the target of unique selective pressures. Here, we employ a machine learning approach to classify regions as under positive selection or neutrality genome-wide. The regions determined to be under selection reflect the unique demographic and adaptive history of each subspecies. The results indicate that effective population size is important for determining the proportion of the genome under positive selection. The chimpanzee subspecies share signals of selection in genes associated with immunity and gene regulation. With these results, we have created a selection map for each population that can be displayed in a genome browser (www.hsb.upf.edu/chimp_browser). This study is the first to use a detailed demographic history and machine learning to map selection genome-wide in chimpanzee. The chimpanzee selection map will improve our understanding of the impact of selection on closely related subspecies and will empower future studies of chimpanzee.
Field validity and spatial accuracy of Food Standards Agency Food Hygiene Rating scheme data for England
Authors: Kirkman Scott , Hollingsworth Bruce , Lake Amelia , Hinke Stephanie , Sorrell Stewart , Burgoine Thomas , Brown Heather 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The study aimed to evaluate the validity and spatial accuracy of the Food Standards Agency Food Hygiene Rating online data through a field audit.

Methods
A field audit was conducted in five Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs) in the North East of England. LSOAs were purposively selected from the top and bottom quintiles of the Index of Multiple Deprivation and from urban and rural areas. The FHRS data validity against the field data was measured as Positive Predictive Values (PPV) and sensitivity. Spatial accuracy was evaluated via mean difference in straight line distances between the FHRS coordinates and the field coordinates.

Results
In all, 182 premises were present in the field, of which 162 were in the FHRS data giving a sensitivity of 89%. Eight outlets recorded in the FHRS data were absent in the field, giving a PPV of 95%.The mean difference in the geographical coordinates of the field audit compared to the FHRS was 110 m, and &lt;100 m for 77% of outlets.

Conclusions
After an evaluation of the validity and spatial accuracy of the FHRS data, the results suggest that it is a useful dataset for surveillance of the food environment and for intervention evaluation.
Clinical features, treatments and outcomes of calcinosis in adult patients with dermatomyositis: a single cohort study
Authors: Jiang Wei , Yang Hanbo , Li Sizhao , Tian Xiaolan , Wang Guochun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The occurrence of calcinosis cutis as a clinical feature of dermatomyositis in adult patients is not well understood. Cohort studies of adult patients with calcinosis are rare. We systematically describe the clinical features, treatments and outcomes of adult patients with calcinosis.

Methods
We initially enrolled 627 adult DM patients. Of those enrolled, 35 (5.6%) were found to have calcinosis. We analysed the clinical features associated with calcinosis in this subgroup. The risk factors associated with calcinosis were analysed using the Poisson regression model.

Results
Multivariate analysis showed that a younger age at disease onset [odds ratio (OR) = 0.945, 95% CI 0.925, 0.966, P &lt; 0.001], dysphagia (OR = 2.609, 95% CI 1.189, 5.728, P = 0.017), skin ulcer (OR = 5.705, 95% CI 3.041, 10.705, P &lt; 0.001) and the presence of anti-nuclear matrix protein 2 antibody (OR = 5.917, 95% CI 2.754, 12.714, P &lt; 0.001) were independently associated with calcinosis. In both the low- and high-dose prednisone treatment groups, no difference in treatment response was seen between the bisphosphonate treatment group and the group not receiving bisphosphonate treatment (P = 1.000 and P = 0.375, respectively). A follow-up study revealed that the mortality rate of the calcinosis group was 5.7%. Additionally, 60.6% of the cases had a chronic polycyclic disease course and 17.1% had mild complications secondary to calcinosis.

Conclusion
Calcinosis is an uncommon, but significant clinical feature in adult patients with DM. Bisphosphonates were not found to effectively treat calcinosis, however, the overall health outcomes of adult DM patients with calcinosis were favourable.
Were the Italian policy reforms to contrast favoritism and foster effectiveness in faculty recruitment successful?
Authors: Abramo Giovanni , D’Angelo Ciriaco Andrea 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work, we assess whether and to what extent the latest Italian national policy initiatives intended, among others, to contrast favoritism and foster recruitment effectiveness have resulted in the desired effects. To answer the question, we propose two related analyses. One compares the research performance ratings of recruits in two subsequent five-year periods, before and after the introduction of the above policy measures. The second analysis compares the effectiveness of recruitment by all Italian universities, in the above two subsequent five-year periods. The results from the comparisons show a decline of both unproductive and high-performing recruits, and no overall improvement in the effectiveness of recruitment.
Policy options for green regional development: Adopting a production and application perspective
Authors: Tödtling Franz , Trippl Michaela , Frangenheim Alexandra 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Green and sustainable developments have received increasing attention in recent years due to challenges emanating from climate change and worsening environmental conditions. Although these are problems of global nature, actions have to be taken often at lower spatial scales. We focus on innovation and industrial policies and on the regional level since green development often can be supported here by respective policies. However, effective policies have to consider that individual regions face different kinds of challenges for moving towards a ‘greener’ future. This article develops a framework that allows taking such differences into account. We distinguish between the production side of ‘green technologies’ (i.e. the industries that develop and produce such technologies) and the application side (i.e. the adoption of such technologies by firms and the wider society), and we investigate what challenges might prevail on both sides and explore the potential role of policies for different types of regions.
Analysis of related factors of optical quality in healthy Chinese adults: a community-based population study
Authors: Zhang Xi-Fang , Qiao Li-Ya , Cai Xiao-Gu , Li Xiao-Xia , Tan Jia-Xuan , Guan Zheng , Zhang Ye , Cao Kai , Wang Ning-Li 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
In recent years, visual quality has been extensively investigated in various conditions. In this community-based population study, we analyzed the effects of aging, refraction, and Lens Opacification Classification System III (LOCSIII) score on retinal imaging quality in healthy Chinese adults.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on sub-group subjects from The Handan Eye Study between October 2012 and January 2013. Healthy subjects over 30-years-old with logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) less than 0 were included. Retinal image quality was measured by optical quality analysis system (OQAS) and recorded as modulation transfer function cutoff frequency (MTFcutoff), OQAS value (OV) 100%, OV20%, OV9%, Strehl ratio (SR), and objective scatter index (OSI). The correlation between age, spherical equivalent refraction (SE), LOCSIII score, and optical quality parameters were investigated by multivariate analysis.

Results:
Among 1108 verified subjects, 690 subjects (1380 eyes) met the inclusion criteria. Their age ranged from 30 to 76 years, SE ranged from −4.75 to 2.75 D. They were divided into five age groups (30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and ≥70 years) for further analysis. After multivariate analysis by mixed-effect linear model, SR (t =  −3.03, P = 0.002), OV20% (t = −2.39, P = 0.017), and OV9% (t = −3.16, P = 0.001) significantly decreased with the increasing age, whereas logMAR BCVA (t = 4.42, P < 0.001) and OSI (t = 4.46, P < 0.001) significantly increased with age. As SE increased, SR (t = 2.74, P = 0.01), OV20% (t = 2.31, P = 0.02), and OV9% (t = 2.79, P = 0.005) significantly elevated, and OSI (t = −3.38, P < 0.001) significantly decreased. With the increase in cortical opacity score, all optical quality parameters except for SR significantly decreased, including MTFcutoff (t = −2.78, P = 0.01), OV100% (t = −2.78, P = 0.005), OV20% (t = −2.60, P = 0.009), and OV9% (t = −2.05, P = 0.040). As posterior sub capsular opacity score increased, MTFcutoff (t = −2.40, P = 0.02) and OV100% (t = −2.40, P = 0.01) significantly decreased, while OSI (t = 7.56, P < 0.001) significantly increased.

Conclusions:
In healthy Chinese adult population, optical quality-related parameters significantly decrease with the increasing age, and OSI significantly increases with age. In normal BCVA subjects, optical quality is significantly impacted by cortical and posterior sub capsular opacity rather than by nuclear opacity.
Eligibility for Second-line Therapy in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tsang Erica S. , Davies Janine M. , Loree Jonathan M. , Lim Howard J. , Renouf Daniel J. , Gill Sharlene 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
With an increasing number of systemic therapy options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), optimal sequencing is an important consideration. There remains limited real-world data about the eligibility of patients for second-line therapies in advanced HCC. We characterized real-world eligibility and use of second-line therapies post sorafenib.

Materials and Methods:
We identified all patients with advanced HCC who received ≥1 cycle of first-line sorafenib between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2017 in British Columbia, Canada. All patients were Child-Pugh class A for initiation of sorafenib. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes were reviewed. Eligibility for second-line therapy was determined using the RESORCE and CELESTIAL study entry criteria.

Results:
Of 144 patients with advanced HCC who received ≥1 cycle of first-line sorafenib, median age was 65.3 years (range, 32.2 to 83.4 y) and 85% were male. Median duration of sorafenib was 2.6 months. Twelve patients (8%) received second-line treatment but 37 patients (26%) were eligible for second-line therapies based on inclusion criteria from recent registration trials. Primary reasons for ineligibility included ECOG ≥2 (58%), and deterioration to Child-Pugh status B (28%). On Cox regression, improved survival was associated with better ECOG and recurrent disease after initial locoregional therapy. Eligibility for second-line treatment was associated with improved median overall survival from end of first-line treatment (8.5 vs. 5.1 mo; P<0.01).

Conclusions:
Only a minority of real-world patients with advanced HCC were eligible for second-line therapies based on trial criteria. Given the high rate of attrition, improved first-line treatment options are urgently needed.
The Development and Implementation of a Transfer Follow-up Program at a Level I Pediatric Trauma Center
Authors: Colson Cindy D. , Alberto Emily C. , Fritzeen Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Inconsistent trauma patient referral feedback limits trauma system growth and may perpetuate suboptimal care. Trauma and burn patients are transferred to our Level I pediatric trauma center from hospitals in the surrounding metropolitan area. In the past, we had no consistent method to address performance improvement opportunities or provide information on patient outcomes to the referring facilities. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation and evaluation of a formal electronic transfer follow-up program.

Methods:
This was a before-and-after quality improvement study of pediatric trauma patients comparing prefeedback program implementation (2018) to postfeedback program implementation (2019). A new transfer patient feedback program was designed to address low rates of feedback provided to referring hospitals. Our center worked with a software developer to create a program that stored outside hospital contacts, automated follow-up letters, and tracked the number of letters sent, and opened, to enhance communication between trauma center and referring facilities.

Results:
A total of 383 preprogram (2018) patients and 369 postprogram (2019) patients were evaluated. Since program implementation, an average of 70% follow-up per referral and an average return rate of 45% have been maintained.

Conclusion:
As we continue to use the system and make changes, we fully expect to exceed our goal in providing essential feedback on the care of pediatric trauma and burn patients to our referring facilities.