bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of STEM enactment effectiveness in Asian student learning outcomes
Authors: Wahono Bevo , Lin Pei-Ling , Chang Chun-Yen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study used a systematic review and meta-analysis as a method to investigate whether STEM enactment in Asia effectively enhances students’ learning outcomes. Verifiable examples of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, effectively being applied in Asia, are presented in this study. The study involved 4768 students from 54 studies. Learning outcomes focused on the students’ academic learning achievement, higher-order thinking skills (HOTS), and motivation. The analysis results of effect sizes showed that the STEM enactments in Asia were effective at a moderate level (0.69 [0.58, 0.81 of 95% CI]) of improving students’ learning outcomes. Sequentially, the effectiveness of STEM enactment starts from students’ higher-order thinking skills, moves to students’ academic learning achievement, and ends with the motivation. In addition, STEM enactments in Asia were carried out with several variations where STEM integrated with project-based learning was preferred. The recommendations of this study include a combination of the learning approach, learning orientation, and duration of instruction, all of which contribute to the STEM enactment effectiveness and maximize results in STEM education. Some practical implications, such as the central role of the teacher during the STEM enactment, are extensively discussed. This study supports that STEM education is a universally crucial tool which effectively prepares students from various national and cultural backgrounds, across Asia, toward improved learning outcomes.
Experience and technique of simultaneous robotic resection for synchronous advanced gastric and rectal cancers: a case report
Authors: Kaida Sachiko , Miyake Toru , Shimizu Tomoharu , Takebayashi Katsushi , Yamaguchi Tsuyoshi , Ishikawa Ken , Tani Masaji 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Recently, robotic surgery has become more common as a minimally invasive treatment for gastric cancer (GC) and rectal cancer (RC). Herein, we report successful simultaneous robotic gastrectomy and low anterior resection in a patient with advanced GC and RC.

Case presentation
A 76-year-old woman who presented with bloody stool was found to have advanced GC with lymph node metastases and advanced RC. Simultaneous robotic distal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection and Billroth I reconstruction and low anterior resection with D3 lymph node dissection were performed. Preoperatively, multidisciplinary medical staff discussed the case in detail and conducted a simulation with the robot, operating room, and patient. The total operative time was 648 min (console time, 520 min), and the estimated blood loss was small. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 10 without any adverse events. In this case, careful simulation of the patient cart setting and planning of the best port layout resulted in a successful surgical outcome despite this being our first simultaneous total robotic surgery for advanced GC and RC.

Conclusions
Simultaneous robotic surgery for advanced GC and RC may be technically feasible and could provide an option for future minimally invasive treatment.
Effect of high-intensity statin preloading on TIMI flow in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Elserafy Ahmed Shawky , Farag Nabil Mahmoud , El Desoky Ahmed Ibrahim , Eletriby Khaled Adel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has improved the outcomes from STEMI and improved myocardial perfusion. However, there is still room for medical therapy to help perfuse the myocardium. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of high-intensity statins used prior to primary PCI in patients presenting with acute STEMI on myocardial perfusion. The study included 170 patients who presented with acute STEMI to Ain Shams University Hospitals and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). They were divided into two groups where the first group received high-intensity statins (80 mg of atorvastatin or 20 mg of rosuvastatin) besides guideline-recommended therapy before primary PCI and the second group served as a control group and received guideline-recommended therapy, and high-intensity statins were given as usual after going back to the coronary care unit after primary PCI. Post-interventional thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade and myocardial blush grade (MBG) were recorded, and ST-segment resolution was measured.

Results
The LAD was the culprit vessel for the majority of patients in both groups. In the control group, there were 4 patients with TIMI I flow and MBG I, 13 with TIMI II flow and MBG II, and 68 with TIMI III flow and MBG III. Meanwhile, in the cases group, there was 1 patient with TIMI I flow and MBG I, 3 with TIMI II flow and MBG II, and 81 with TIMI III flow and MBG III. This difference was statistically significant with a P value of 0.010. There were 34 patients in the cases group who showed complete ST-segment resolution (40%) vs. 19 patients (22.4%) in the control group which was statistically significant with a P value of 0.013. In addition, ejection fraction had values of mean ± SD of 45.91 ± 5.49 in the cases group vs. 43.01 ± 8.80 in the control group which was statistically significant with a P value of 0.011.

Conclusion
High-intensity statin loading before primary PCI resulted in improved post-procedural TIMI flow, MBG, complete ST-segment resolution, and ejection fraction.
Before the killing: intimate partner homicides in a process perspective, Part I
Authors: Enander Viveka , Krantz Gunilla , Lysell Henrik , Örmon Karin 
Published: July 2020

This article puts intimate partner homicide (IPH) into a process perspective, and describes the situational precursors that constitute the build-up, that is, the first stage of the IPH process that precedes the deed. Fifty court files, from cases involving 40 male and ten female perpetrators, underwent thematic analysis. Our findings indicate that the build-up phase of an IPH is complex and encompasses several different features, of which some are clearly gendered. The results point to an escalation during the build-up: of possessiveness and violent behaviour in male-to-female cases, of alcohol/drug abuse, of mental health problems and/or of fears for the future, often connected to separation. Concurrent with previous research we found that women often kill in the context of their own victimisation. There were, however, other situations and motives that also stood out as being pertinent.
The practical implications of these findings are that practitioners should be particularly attentive to escalation of known risk factors, especially male possessiveness, and be aware that (the victim wanting) a separation may initiate escalation with lethal consequences.
Single-shot multispectral birefringence mapping by supercontinuum vector beams
Authors: Shoji Misaki , Wakayama Toshitaka , Ishida Hirokazu , Kowa Hiroyuki , Sakaue Kazuyuki , Miura Taisuke , Higashiguchi Takeshi 
Published: July 2020

We demonstrated a single-shot, multispectral birefringence mapping by use of a supercontinuum (SC) vector beam. The vector beam, which was generated by a pair of axially symmetric wave plates, leads to angular-variant polarization modulation to divide birefringence properties of a sample substrate into Fourier space. This strategy allows multispectral birefringence mapping from a single-shot image captured by a multispectral imaging detector. For SC vector beam analysis, we also compensated the retardance error of the axially symmetric wave plate in the superbroadband spectrum. Resolutions of retardance and azimuthal angle were 0.4° and 0.2°, respectively, and the spatial resolution was 60 µm. Those results are expected to provide us a single-shot, multispectral birefringence mapping with high spatial resolution as compared with using a scanning laser microscope. Our proposal has extendibility to develop high-speed, high-resolution birefringence imaging spectroscopy.
Measuring the nonlinear optical properties of indium tin oxide thin film using femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Ali Mona , Shehata Abdullah , Ashour Mohamed , Tawfik Wael Z. , Schuch Reinhold , Mohamed Tarek 
Published: July 2020

We have investigated the nonlinear optical properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film coated on soda–lime glass substrate using the z-scan technique. With 100 fs laser pulses, the nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index are measured at different excitation wavelengths and at different incident intensities. The nonlinear optical absorption shows a competition between saturable absorption and reverse saturable absorption at the different excitation wavelengths and incident intensities. A transition from saturable to reverse saturable absorption was observed with increasing excitation wavelengths. The measured nonlinear refractive index was found to be dependent on wavelength with a maximum value of

5.34

×

10

−
12

c
m

2

/

W

at wavelength of 900 nm.
A História Ambiental da APA Floresta Manaós: um movimento pela defesa territorial e a emersão da Ciência Ambiental
Authors: Oliveira Fabiane Araujo , Santos Elizabeth Conceição 
Published: July 2020

A Região Amazônica teve e tem marcada em todo seu processo histórico uma pluralidade de anseios de diversas fontes. O olhar retrospectivo do ambiente possibilita reflexões prospectivas acerca da espécie de gestão urbana ambiental que necessita ser desenvolvida para garantir a sustentabilidade e conservação ambiental. Assim, este artigo tem por objetivo resgatar as memórias do processo de ocupação ao longo da década de 1960 até a implantação em 2012 da Área de Proteção Ambiental Floresta Manaós. Caracteriza-se por um estudo de caso único, com abordagem qualitativa se utilizando da pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e história de vida. A partir dessa apuração foi possível observar a complexidade em harmonizar os diferentes interesses particulares com a conservação dos ecossistemas existentes, demonstrando o caminho percorrido da emersão de movimentos ambientais que tinham como foco a defesa territorial e posteriormente se transformando em Ciências Ambientais.
Evaluation of various phenotypic methods with genotypic screening for detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Loganathan Archana , Manohar Prasanth , Eniyan Kandasamy , Jayaraj Rama , Nachimuthu Ramesh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the common opportunistic gram-positive pathogens which are often associated with nosocomial infections. Detection of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has become complicated due to the complex phenotypic and genomic pattern.

Objective
To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity pattern of various phenotypic methods used in screening mec genes harboring MRSA.

Methods
Clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected from diagnostic centers in Tamil Nadu. Phenotypic identification methods such as Minimal Inhibitory Concentration for oxacillin, oxacillin screen agar (OSA), oxacillin disk diffusion, and cefoxitin disk diffusion (CFD) tests were compared. The clinical isolates were classified into MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the mecA gene.

Result
Out of 50 S. aureus, 21 were found to be MRSA based on the presence of the mecA gene. All 21 mecA-positive isolates were found to be resistant through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and CFD test, having a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 52% and 62%, respectively. OSA and oxacillin disk tests were found to have a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 48% and 52%, respectively.

Conclusion
The combination of two phenotypic methods, CFD and oxacillin MIC, can be used for the detection of MRSA in clinical laboratories.
Elements of Precision Agriculture in Malting Barley Cultivation and the Use of Barley Straw for Energy Purposes
Authors: Denisiuk Wiesław 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the results of research on the mass and the energy potential of malting barley straw of the “Klas” variety. The research was designated on a 100 ha plantation located in Pojezierze Iławsko-Sztumskie region. Using the Yara N-Sensor processor, precise application of mineral fertilizers according to determined fertilization demand allowed increasing the grain yield by 26% and the straw biomass yield by 74% compared to the control sample. The resulting increase in bio-mass obtained in the form of straw impacts its possible partial use for energy purposes without negative effects on the environment. The tested energy value of malting barley straw as a function of moisture content allowed a conclusion that between 10 and 25% of water content the energy value drops from 13.1 to 7.4 GJ∙t−1. For an average water content of 15%, this yields an energy potential unit of 23.76 GJ∙ha−1. Following observations of the combustion process, it was concluded that barley straw cannot be used as a source of biomass for the large-scale power production since its ash melts at below 800ºC.
Middlemen: A Directed Search Equilibrium Approach
Authors: Watanabe Makoto 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper studies an intermediated market operated by middlemen with high inventory holdings. I present a directed search model in which middlemen are less likely to experience a stockout because they have the advantage of inventory capacity, relative to other sellers. The model explains why the empirical relationship between middlemen’s premium and their inventory capacity can be positive in some markets (e. g., rental video shops, used-car dealers) and negative in other markets (e. g., supermarkets, theater ticket offices). I also examine the implication of the configuration of middlemen’s market in terms of the size and the number of middlemen for the equilibrium premium with and without free entry.
EEG Source Imaging (ESI) utility in clinical practice
Authors: Khosropanah Pegah , Ho Eric Tatt-Wei , Lim Kheng-Seang , Fong Si-Lei , Thuy Le Minh-An , Narayanan Vairavan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEpilepsy surgery is an important treatment modality for medically refractory focal epilepsy. The outcome of surgery usually depends on the localization accuracy of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) during pre-surgical evaluation. Good localization can be achieved with various electrophysiological and neuroimaging approaches. However, each approach has its own merits and limitations. Electroencephalography (EEG) Source Imaging (ESI) is an emerging model-based computational technique to localize cortical sources of electrical activity within the brain volume, three-dimensionally. ESI based pre-surgical evaluation gives an overall clinical yield of 73–91%, depending on choice of head model, inverse solution and EEG electrode density. It is a cost effective, non-invasive method which provides valuable additional information in presurgical evaluation due to its high localizing value specifically in MRI-negative cases, extra or basal temporal lobe epilepsy, multifocal lesions such as tuberous sclerosis or cases with multiple hypotheses. Unfortunately, less than 1% of surgical centers in developing countries use this method as a part of pre-surgical evaluation. This review promotes ESI as a useful clinical tool especially for patients with lesion-negative MRI to determine EZ cost-effectively with high accuracy under the optimized conditions.
Seaweed utilisation in New Zealand
Authors: White Loretta N. , White William Lindsey 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The commercial landscape of seaweed use in New Zealand (NZ) has shifted and evolved since it was last reviewed in 2006. One of the largest changes saw the introduction of Macrocystis pyrifera and green-lipped mussel spat (which is landed attached to beach-cast seaweed) into the Quota Management System—the primary tool for commercial fisheries management in NZ. There have also been policy changes around commercial harvesting and farming of Undaria pinnatifida, an introduced brown alga native to Asia. Traditionally, commercial algal utilization has been limited to agar production and beach-cast collection for aquaculture feeds, though demand for seaweed products has increased with a growing Asian population in NZ. The NZ seaweed industry is at an early developmental stage, but it has the potential to offer high quality seaweed stock and value-added products to the world market. The exploration of seaweed farming, the growing demand for seaweed fertilizers and the development of high-value bioactive products such as fucoidan has attracted interest from marine farmers and entrepreneurs. The key to success for the NZ seaweed industry rests in developing high-value products for an export market, from integrated farming, harvesting and processing that can deliver the most value, consume the least energy and generate minimal waste.
Rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients at the emergency department using routine testing
Authors: Kurstjens Steef , van der Horst Armando , Herpers Robert , Geerits Mick W. L. , Kluiters-de Hingh Yvette C. M. , Göttgens Eva-Leonne , Blaauw Martinus J. T. , Thelen Marc H. M. , Elisen Marc G. L. M. , Kusters Ron 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, spreads rapidly across the world. The exponential increase in the number of cases has resulted in overcrowding of emergency departments (ED). Detection of SARS-CoV-2 is based on an RT-PCR of nasopharyngeal swab material. However, RT-PCR testing is time-consuming and many hospitals deal with a shortage of testing materials. Therefore, we aimed to develop an algorithm to rapidly evaluate an individual’s risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection at the ED.

Methods
In this multicenter retrospective study, routine laboratory parameters (C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, absolute neutrophil and lymphocyte counts), demographic data and the chest X-ray/CT result from 967 patients entering the ED with respiratory symptoms were collected. Using these parameters, an easy-to-use point-based algorithm, called the corona-score, was developed to discriminate between patients that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR and those testing negative. Computational sampling was used to optimize the corona-score. Validation of the model was performed using data from 592 patients.

Results
The corona-score model yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91 in the validation population. Patients testing negative for SARS-CoV-2 showed a median corona-score of 3 vs. 11 (scale 0–14) in patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 (p<0.001). Using cut-off values of 4 and 11 the model has a sensitivity and specificity of 96 and 95%, respectively.

Conclusions
The corona-score effectively predicts SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR outcome based on routine parameters. This algorithm provides the means for medical professionals to rapidly evaluate SARS-CoV-2 infection status of patients presenting at the ED with respiratory symptoms.
Constructions and creativity
Authors: Turner Mark 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe first principle of cognitive linguistics is to look for the origins of linguistic powers in robust mental operations not specific to language. For millennia, language science has assumed that human beings possess mental operations for unifying, combining, and merging patterns to create expressions, and that, conversely, they can analyze expressions they encounter to recognize patterns that were combined to produce them. The third section of this article reviews some of the literature concerned with these powers to combine patterns into expressions and to analyze expressions into patterns that were blended to create them. Any assumption about such a linguistic power takes out a loan on theory that must be cashed out with a non-language-specific explanation if the theory is to count as cognitive. One can stipulate to the existence of some unexplained power that is needed for linguistic performance, but that stipulation is insubstantial until it is grounded in a demonstrated non-language-specific operation. An assumption or stipulation about a linguistic power is cashed out when we locate and model the non-language-specific cognitive operations that make that linguistic power possible. The first section of this article presents the proposition that the non-language-specific mental operation that accounts for these linguistic powers is blending, otherwise known as conceptual integration. The second section provides a topical review of blending in specific communicative form-meaning pairs and their combination. Blending is the foundation of creativity in communication, or, more specifically, in the creation and combining of form-meaning pairs, also called “constructions.”
Creativity within and outside the linguistic system
Authors: Bergs Alexander , Kompa Nikola Anna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we distinguish two types of creativity (F-creativity and E-creativity; Sampson 2016) and briefly address the question of language change and linguistic innovation in language acquisition. Cognitively speaking, the two types of creativity may impose different cognitive demands on a speaker. But the most pressing question, from our point of view, is the question whether E-creativity itself is constrained or forces us to ‘transcend’ the (rules of the) system. We will, eventually, argue that what looks like creative language use (metaphor, coercion, etc.) is still governed by rules (or hypermaxims). True E-creativity would then mean to step outside the system.
The accuracy of nipple discharge cytology in detecting breast cancer
Authors: Al Nemer Areej , Kussaibi Haitham 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to disclose the importance of nipple discharge (ND) and the accuracy of its economic and fast cytological interpretation.

Methods
All ND cytology cases for Saudi patients done between 2004 and 2013 were retrieved from the Pathology e-system. Only cases that have subsequent tissue diagnoses were included in this study (n = 228). Age and bloody nature of the ND were both tested for association with a higher chance of carcinoma. Diagnostic accuracy of ND cytology was calculated twice, including and excluding the “atypical” cases.

Results
Specificity and positive predictive value were 100% for ND cytology in both cases. Sensitivity (34.6%; 52.9%), negative predictive value (93.15 %; 96.1%), false-negative rate (65.4%; 47.1%), accuracy rate (93.4%; 96.2%), when atypical cases were included and excluded; respectively. Only 10.5% of the patients complaining from nipple discharge had breast cancer. For those who had cancer, nipple discharge cytology was positive and showed the cancer cells in only 37.5%, while the rest were false negative. Bloody ND disclosed a significant association with malignancy (p < 0.001), but the association was statistically not significant for old age (p = 0.062).

Conclusions
The prospect of having breast cancer with the presentation of ND is low, and it can be missed by studying the ND cytology alone in a high proportion of cases. Excluding the atypical category did not make a significant improvement in the test’s accuracy.