bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal determinants of low birth weight among Indian children: Evidence from the National Family Health Survey-4, 2015-16
Authors: Zaveri Ankita , Paul Pintu , Saha Jay , Barman Bikash , Chouhan Pradip 
Published: December 2020

Objective
Low birth weight (LBW) is a serious public health problem in low- and middle-income countries and a leading cause of death in the first month of life. In India, about 18% of children are born with LBW (<2500 grams) in 2015–16. In this study, we aim to examine the influence of maternal factors and socio-demographic covariates on LBW in Indian children.

Methods
Data were drawn from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), conducted in 2015–16. A cross-sectional study was designed using a stratified two-stage sampling technique. Cross-tabulation, Pearson’s chi-squared test, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the impact of maternal factors and other covariates on children’s LBW.

Results
Of total participants (n = 147,762), 17.5% of children were found to be born with LBW. The study revealed that women who had prior experience of stillbirth (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04–1.38) and any sign of pregnancy complications (AOR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05–1.11) were more likely to have LBW children, even after adjusting for a range of covariates. Maternal food diversity was found to a protective factor against children’s LBW. Women with underweight and anemic condition were associated with an increased likelihood of LBW children. Regarding maternity care, women who attended ≥4 ANC visits (AOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.80–0.88), took iron tablets/syrup during pregnancy (AOR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90–0.98), and delivered in a public health facility (AOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.79–0.88) were less likely to have LBW babies. Besides, various socio-demographic factors such as place of residence, caste, religion, education, wealth quintile, and geographical region were significantly associated with LBW of children.

Conclusion
Interventions are needed for adequate ANC utilization, improvement in public facility-based delivery, providing iron supplementation, and uptake of balanced energy-protein diet among pregnant mothers. Besides, special attention should be given to the socio-economically disadvantaged women to address adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes including LBW.
Novel sunprotection interventions to prevent skin cancer: A randomized study targeting Danes going on vacation to destinations with high UV index
Authors: Køster Brian , Nielsen Mia N. , Vester Karina Kreipke , Dalum Peter 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIn Denmark, 16,500 cases of melanoma and keratinocyte cancers were registered in 2015, of which 90% could have been avoided by behavioral changes. We aimed to test novel interventions in a randomized design. The interventions targeted Danes going on vacation to high UVI destinations aiming to decrease sunburn by increasing use of sun protection to prevent skin cancer in the Danish population.MethodsWe report a randomized behavioral intervention during May-Dec 2018 with 1548 Danish adults on vacation in 2018 for a period of 1–3 weeks. The study population was population-based and aged 18–65 years. We tested two protection routines against minimal intervention control group (2-by2-factorial design): 1) Avoidance of the sun during peak hours and shade, use of the UV-index and planning of indoor/outdoor activity respectively and, 2) Coverage by increasing use of the hat advice and increasing sunscreen amount by application routine. Outcome was use of protection and sunburn.ResultsThere were no differences in sunburn prevalence between intervention and control groups. Protection routine 1 and 2 both increased the overall protection score compared to non-users. Protection routine 1 increased the reported use of shade and decreased time exposed in the sun. Protection routine 2 increased the use of hat and sunscreen amount.ConclusionSimple measures can help avoid the majority of one of the most widespread cancers worldwide. Vacations to high UVI destinations is a major influence on the annual Danish UV-exposure. We influenced travelers to protect themselves better and to increase sun protection behavior.
Multi-strain probiotics (Hexbio) containing MCP BCMC strains improved constipation and gut motility in Parkinson’s disease: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ibrahim Azliza , Ali Raja Affendi Raja , Manaf Mohd Rizal Abdul , Ahmad Norfazilah , Tajurruddin Farah Waheeda , Qin Wong Zhi , Desa Siti Hajar Md , Ibrahim Norlinah Mohamed 
Published: December 2020

Objective
We determined the effectiveness of a multi-strain probiotic (Hexbio®) containing microbial cell preparation MCP®BCMC® on constipation symptoms and gut motility in PD patients with constipation.

Methods
PD patients with constipation (ROME III criteria) were randomized to receive a multi-strain probiotic (Lactobacillus sp and Bifidobacterium sp at 30 X 109 CFU) with fructo-oligosaccaride or placebo (fermented milk) twice daily for 8 weeks. Primary outcomes were changes in the presence of constipation symptoms using 9 items of Garrigues Questionnaire (GQ), which included an item on bowel opening frequency. Secondary outcomes were gut transit time (GTT), quality of life (PDQ39-SI), motor (MDS-UPDRS) and non-motor symptoms (NMSS).

Results
Of 55 recruited, 48 patients completed the study: 22 received probiotic and 26 received placebo. At 8 weeks, there was a significantly higher mean weekly BOF in the probiotic group compared to placebo [SD 4.18 (1.44) vs SD 2.81(1.06); (mean difference 1.37, 95% CI 0.68, 2.07, uncorrected p<0.001)]. Patients in the probiotic group reported five times higher odds (odds ratio = 5.48, 95% CI 1.57, 19.12, uncorrected p = 0.008) for having higher BOF (< 3 to 3–5 to >5 times/week) compared to the placebo group. The GTT in the probiotic group [77.32 (SD55.35) hours] reduced significantly compared to placebo [113.54 (SD 61.54) hours]; mean difference -36.22, 95% CI -68.90, -3.54, uncorrected p = 0.030). The mean change in GTT was 58.04 (SD59.04) hour vs 20.73 (SD60.48) hours respectively (mean difference 37.32, 95% CI 4.00, 70.63, uncorrected p = 0.028). No between-groups differences were observed in the NMSS, PDQ39-SI, MDS-UPDRS II and MDS-UPDRS III scores. Four patients in the probiotics group experienced mild reversible side effects.

Conclusion
This study showed that consumption of a multi-strain probiotic (Hexbio®) over 8 weeks improved bowel opening frequency and whole gut transit time in PD patients with constipation.
Influence of hemoglobinopathies and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency on diagnosis of diabetes by HbA1c among Tanzanian adults with and without HIV: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kweka Belinda , Lyimo Eric , Jeremiah Kidola , Filteau Suzanne , Rehman Andrea M. , Friis Henrik , Manjurano Alphaxard , Faurholt-Jepsen Daniel , Krogh-Madsen Rikke , PrayGod George , Heimburger Douglas C. 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionHemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is recommended for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes. However, in people with sickle cell disease (SCD), sickle cell trait (SCT), α-thalassemia or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, HbA1c may underestimate the prevalence of diabetes. There are no data on the extent of this problem in sub-Saharan Africa despite having high prevalence of these red blood cell disorders.MethodsBlood samples from 431 adults in northwestern Tanzania, randomly selected from the prospective cohort study, Chronic Infections, Comorbidities and Diabetes in Africa (CICADA), were analysed for SCT/SCD, α-thalassemia and G6PD deficiency and tested for associations with the combined prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes (PD/DM) by HbA1c, using the HemoCue 501 HbA1c instrument, and by 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 40.5 (SD11.6) years; 61% were females and 71% were HIV-infected. Among 431 participants, 110 (25.5%) had SCT and none had SCD. Heterozygous α-thalassemia (heterozygous α+ AT) was present in 186 (43%) of the participants, while 52 participants (12%) had homozygous α-thalassemia (homozygous α+ AT). Furthermore, 40 (9.3%) participants, all females, had heterozygous G6PD deficiency while 24 (5.6%) males and 4 (0.9%) females had hemizygous and homozygous G6PD deficiency, respectively. In adjusted analysis, participants with SCT were 85% less likely to be diagnosed with PD/DM by HbA1c compared to those without SCT (OR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.26,P< 0.001). When using OGTT, in adjusted analysis, SCT was not associated with diagnosis of PD/DM while participants with homozygous α+AT and hemizygous G6PD deficiency were more likely to be diagnosed with PD/DM.ConclusionsHbA1c underestimates the prevalence of PD/DM among Tanzanian adults with SCT. Further research using other HbA1c instruments is needed to optimize HbA1c use among populations with high prevalence of hemoglobinopathies or G6PD deficiency.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health: An international study
Authors: Gloster Andrew T. , Lamnisos Demetris , Lubenko Jelena , Presti Giovambattista , Squatrito Valeria , Constantinou Marios , Nicolaou Christiana , Papacostas Savvas , Aydın Gökçen , Chong Yuen Yu , Chien Wai Tong , Cheng Ho Yu , Ruiz Francisco J. , Garcia-Martin Maria B. , Obando-Posada Diana P. , Segura-Vargas Miguel A. , Vasiliou Vasilis S. , McHugh Louise , Höfer Stefan , Baban Adriana , Dias Neto David , Nunes da Silva Ana , Monestès Jean-Louis , Alvarez-Galvez Javier , Paez-Blarrina Marisa , Montesinos Francisco , Valdivia-Salas Sonsoles , Ori Dorottya , Kleszcz Bartosz , Lappalainen Raimo , Ivanović Iva , Gosar David , Dionne Frederick , Merwin Rhonda M. , Kassianos Angelos P. , Karekla Maria 
Published: December 2020

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered vast governmental lockdowns. The impact of these lockdowns on mental health is inadequately understood. On the one hand such drastic changes in daily routines could be detrimental to mental health. On the other hand, it might not be experienced negatively, especially because the entire population was affected.

Methods
The aim of this study was to determine mental health outcomes during pandemic induced lockdowns and to examine known predictors of mental health outcomes. We therefore surveyed n = 9,565 people from 78 countries and 18 languages. Outcomes assessed were stress, depression, affect, and wellbeing. Predictors included country, sociodemographic factors, lockdown characteristics, social factors, and psychological factors.

Results
Results indicated that on average about 10% of the sample was languishing from low levels of mental health and about 50% had only moderate mental health. Importantly, three consistent predictors of mental health emerged: social support, education level, and psychologically flexible (vs. rigid) responding. Poorer outcomes were most strongly predicted by a worsening of finances and not having access to basic supplies.

Conclusions
These results suggest that on whole, respondents were moderately mentally healthy at the time of a population-wide lockdown. The highest level of mental health difficulties were found in approximately 10% of the population. Findings suggest that public health initiatives should target people without social support and those whose finances worsen as a result of the lockdown. Interventions that promote psychological flexibility may mitigate the impact of the pandemic.
Economic impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on acute care hospitals in Japan
Authors: Shin Jung-ho , Takada Daisuke , Morishita Tetsuji , Lin Hueiru , Bun Seiko , Teraoka Emi , Okuno Takuya , Itoshima Hisashi , Nagano Hiroyuki , Kishimoto Kenji , Segawa Hiromi , Asami Yuka , Higuchi Takuya , Minato Kenta , Kunisawa Susumu , Imanaka Yuichi 
Published: December 2020

Background
In response to the coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency on April 7, 2020. Six days earlier, the Japan Surgical Society had recommended postponing elective surgical procedures. Along with the growing public fear of COVID-19, hospital visits in Japan decreased.

Methods
Using claims data from the Quality Indicator/Improvement Project (QIP) database, this study aimed to clarify the impact of the first wave of the pandemic, considered to be from March to May 2020, on case volume and claimed hospital charges in acute care hospitals during this period. To make year-over-year comparisons, we considered cases from July 2018 to June 2020.

Results
A total of 2,739,878 inpatient and 53,479,658 outpatient cases from 195 hospitals were included. In the year-over-year comparisons, total claimed hospital charges decreased in April, May, June 2020 by 7%, 14%, and 5%, respectively, compared to the same months in 2019. Our results also showed that per-case hospital charges increased during this period, possibly to compensate for the reduced case volumes. Regression results indicated that the hospital charges in April and May 2020 decreased by 6.3% for hospitals without COVID-19 patients. For hospitals with COVID-19 patients, there was an additional decrease in proportion with the length of hospital stay of COVID-19 patients including suspected cases. The mean additional decrease per COVID-19 patient was estimated to 5.5 million JPY.

Conclusion
It is suggested that the hospitals treating COVID-19 patients were negatively incentivized.
Comparison of methods for texture analysis of QUS parametric images in the characterization of breast lesions
Authors: Osapoetra Laurentius O. , Chan William , Tran William , Kolios Michael C. , Czarnota Gregory J. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Accurate and timely diagnosis of breast carcinoma is very crucial because of its high incidence and high morbidity. Screening can improve overall prognosis by detecting the disease early. Biopsy remains as the gold standard for pathological confirmation of malignancy and tumour grading. The development of diagnostic imaging techniques as an alternative for the rapid and accurate characterization of breast masses is necessitated. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) spectroscopy is a modality well suited for this purpose. This study was carried out to evaluate different texture analysis methods applied on QUS spectral parametric images for the characterization of breast lesions.

Methods
Parametric images of mid-band-fit (MBF), spectral-slope (SS), spectral-intercept (SI), average scatterer diameter (ASD), and average acoustic concentration (AAC) were determined using QUS spectroscopy from 193 patients with breast lesions. Texture methods were used to quantify heterogeneities of the parametric images. Three statistical-based approaches for texture analysis that include Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Gray Level Run-length Matrix (GRLM), and Gray Level Size Zone Matrix (GLSZM) methods were evaluated. QUS and texture-parameters were determined from both tumour core and a 5-mm tumour margin and were used in comparison to histopathological analysis in order to classify breast lesions as either benign or malignant. We developed a diagnostic model using different classification algorithms including linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbours (KNN), support vector machine with radial basis function kernel (SVM-RBF), and an artificial neural network (ANN). Model performance was evaluated using leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) and hold-out validation.

Results
Classifier performances ranged from 73% to 91% in terms of accuracy dependent on tumour margin inclusion and classifier methodology. Utilizing information from tumour core alone, the ANN achieved the best classification performance of 93% sensitivity, 88% specificity, 91% accuracy, 0.95 AUC using QUS parameters and their GLSZM texture features.

Conclusions
A QUS-based framework and texture analysis methods enabled classification of breast lesions with >90% accuracy. The results suggest that optimizing method for extracting discriminative textural features from QUS spectral parametric images can improve classification performance. Evaluation of the proposed technique on a larger cohort of patients with proper validation technique demonstrated the robustness and generalization of the approach.
A geometria que Almada leu
Authors: Freitas Pedro , Palmeirim Simão 
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo revela novos dados atinentes à pesquisa de Almada Negreiros sobre arte e geometria. A partir de vários livros da biblioteca pessoal do autor, um manuscrito e um desenho, até hoje inéditos, reúnem-se uma série de novas conclusões a propósito dos referentes de Almada. Os autores que o marcaram, as imagens que cita explicitamente e até relações pessoais com outros autores, servem de base para uma melhor compreensão do percurso da sua investigação geométrica. Este novo conhecimento contribuirá ainda para datações precisas de múltiplas obras do autor.
KERAGAMAN DAN KEKERABATAN GENETIK GARCINIA BERDASARKAN KANDUNGAN SENYAWA BIOAKTIF DAN AKTIVITAS BIOLOGISNYA: KAJIAN IN SILICO
Authors: Mursyidin Dindin Hidayatul , Maulana Fajar Nurrahman 
Published: December 2020

Garcinia, belongs to the genus Guttiferae, is a very prospective plant for development. Because of apomixis, however, this plant has a narrow genetic diversity. This study aims to determine the genetic diversity and relationships of Garcinia based on the content of bioactive compounds and its biological activities, using in silico approach. A total of 64 Garcinia species were analyzed by a multivariate method using the MVSP ver. 3.1 software. The results showed that based on these characters, Garcinia had a low (narrow) genetic diversity, with a Shannon index of 0.28. However, the xanthone, antifungal activity, and leaf organ are the three of Garcinia characters with a high (wide) genetic diversity. The PCA revealed that these characters are contributed positively to this genetic diversity. The UPGMA analysis also revealed that this germplasm is divide into six main clusters, where the fifth is the largest (53 species). The farthest relationship is shown by G. hanburyi and G. cylindrocarpa, as well as G. bancana and G. excavata, at a coefficient of 0.54. In this case, G. mangostana, the most popular species of Garcinia, has the closest relationship with G. wightii at a coefficient of 0.87, and fartest to G. cylindrocarpa. This information might be valuable in supporting the preservation and breeding programs of Garcinia in Indonesia, particularly for parental selection in the development of superior cultivars.
ANTIFUNGAL EXTRACT ACTIVITYOF ISOLATE Nocardia sp. ATS-4.1 AGAINST Candida albicans InaCC-Y116
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah , Rahmawati Rahmawati , Kurniatuhadi Rikhsan 
Published: December 2020

Candida albicans is a microorganism that knows as caused of candidiasis. Nocardia is known to have the ability to produce antifungal bioactive compounds to overcome cases of fungal infections. This research aims to determine the presence of antifungal activity and the good concentration from crude extract of Nocardia sp. ATS-4.1 to inhibit C. albicans InaCC-Y116 and. Antifungal activity test of isolate Nocardia sp. ATS-4.1 was performed using a well diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) media with a concentration of 92%, 94%, 96%, 98%, 100% and nystatin (positive control) 0,0125% and DMSO 10% (negative control) incubated at 37 ᵒC for 24-48 hours. The results showed that the extract of Nocardia sp. ATS-4.1 can inhibit the growth of C. albicans. Nocardia sp. ATS-4.1 isolate extract concentration of 96% with a resistance diameter of 13.63 ± 0.53 mm with a strong category against the growth of C. albicans InaCC-Y116.
Temas aristotélicos en La determinación autoperceptiva de la Nada (1932), de Nishida Kitarô
Authors: Jacinto Zavala Agustin 
Published: December 2020

Temas aristotélicos en La determinación autoperceptiva de la Nada (1932), de Nishida Kitarô
Resumen: El texto que ahora presento es un examen del diálogo continuado de Nishida con Aristóteles según lo podemos ver en el volumen VI de las Obras completas de Nishida Kitarô. El resultado nos permite ver la especial atención que en 1932 Nishida presta a cinco temas básicos que se desarrollan en 16 puntos de la siguiente manera: la expresión (1-3), la autopercepción (4-7), la base del conocimiento (8-11), los universales (12-14) y dos importantes aspectos de la intuición (15-16). En este sentido, los contenidos del diálogo nishidiano con Aristóteles en el volumen VI de las Obras completas de Nishida Kitarô, nos remiten al tema del conocimiento.
Palabras clave: Aristóteles. Nishida. Diálogo. Autopercepción. Conocimiento. Universal.
Some aspects of Nishida’s dialogue with Aristotle
Abstract: My present text is a study of the continuous dialogue of Nishida with Aristotle as can be seen in volume VI of his Complete Works. As a result, we can see the special attention that in 1932 Nishida gave to five basic themes. I have presented their content under sixteen headings as follows, expression (1-3), self-perception (4-7), the basis of knowledge (8-11), universals (12-14), and two important aspects of intuition (15-16).As a result, we can see that the contents of Nishida’s dialogue with Aristotle in volume VI of his Complete Works, primarily touches on the theme of knowledge.
Keywords: Aristotle. Nishida. Dialogue. Self perception. Knowledge. Universal.
Temas aristotélicos em A determinação autoperceptiva do nada (1932), de Nishida Kitarô
Resumo: O texto que apresento agora é um exame do diálogo contínuo de Nishida com Aristóteles, como podemos ver no Volume VI das Obras Completas de Nishida Kitarô. O resultado nos permite ver a atenção especial que em 1932 Nishida presta a cinco temas básicos que são desenvolvidos em 16 pontos da seguinte forma: expressão (1-3), autopercepção (4-7), base de conhecimento (8). -11), os universais (12-14) e dois aspectos importantes da intuição (15-16). Nesse sentido, o conteúdo do diálogo nishidiano com Aristóteles, no volume VI das obras completas de Nishida Kitarô, remete-nos à questão do conhecimento.
Palavras-chave: Aristótles. Nishida. Diálogo. Autopercepção. Conhecimento.Universal.
Data de registro: 29/07/2020
Data de aceito: 21/10/2020
Seven Student Motivations for Choosing the Department of Early Childhood Teacher Education in Higher Education
Authors: Elkhaira Indana , Audina B.P. Nidya , Engkizar Engkizar , K. Munawir , Arifin Zainal , Asril Zainal , Syafril Syafrimen , Brita Deborah Mathew Ingrid 
Published: December 2020

Choosing a career as an Early Childhood Education Teacher is both challenging and joyful. Not everyone is interested in this profession except for those who have strong motivation. This study aims to identify students’ exact motivation to select the Early Childhood Education Department at Public University. This study uses combined qualitative and quantitative methods (exploratory mixed methods design). Sources of qualitative data were taken from twenty informants through in-depth interviews and analyzed using NVivo 10 analysis software, while sources of quantitative data were taken from a hundred correspondents and analyzed using SPSS 20 software. Both qualitative and quantitative data analyses showed that students have seven motivations to select the Early Childhood Education Department. Those seven motivations are: i) parents encouragement (81%); ii) job opportunities after graduation (83%); iii) loving kids (85%); iv) teaching is a noble profession (100%); self-will (70%); vi) the choice to be a teacher (76%); and vii) Early Childhood Education is not difficult, but joyful (80%). The study has successfully revealed seven students’ motivations for selecting the Early Childhood Education Department at Public University. This study’s results can be used as preliminary data for subsequent researchers to examine this problem in different contexts and issues. This study’s findings need to be continued by the next researcher by examining the correlation between motivational aspects with various other variables. However, this data can also be used as an initial reference for examining the issues and problems in different contexts.