bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION ON METHODS AND CHARACTERISTICS IN MEDICAL DEVICE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kuhl J. , Sankowski O. , Krause D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA targeted development of safe medical products can be supported by design methods. This paper analyses which design methods are applied in the development of medical devices and whether they are adapted for considering medical devices’ special features (legal, human and technical issues). In particular, variety management, risk assessment and user-centered design for medical devices are examined. Typically, interdisciplinary risk assessment is methodically supported. Additionally, user-centered design methods for requirements assessment, design verification and design validation are applied.
COMPLETELY SEPARABLE MAD FAMILIES AND THE MODAL LOGIC OF βω
Authors: LÁVIČKA TOMÁŠ , VERNER JONATHAN L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe show in ZFC that the existence of completely separable maximal almost disjoint families of subsets of
$\omega $
implies that the modal logic
$\mathbf {S4.1.2}$
is complete with respect to the Čech–Stone compactification of the natural numbers, the space
$\beta \omega $
. In the same fashion we prove that the modal logic
$\mathbf {S4}$
is complete with respect to the space
$\omega ^*=\beta \omega \setminus \omega $
. This improves the results of G. Bezhanishvili and J. Harding in [4], where the authors prove these theorems under stronger assumptions (
$\mathfrak {a=c}$
). Our proof is also somewhat simpler.
Transformative Experience in Skepticism. The External Standpoint and the Finitude of the Human Condition
Authors: Gutschmidt Rico 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAccording to its quietist readings, skepticism can be dissolved by demonstrating that the notion of ‘absolute objectivity’ is confused. The dissolution of this confusion is supposed to lead us to acquiesce in our finite and plain everyday life without being bothered anymore about the supposed need for objective knowledge. In contrast, I want to propose a transformative reading of skepticism according to which the philosophical practice of skepticism can be ‘epistemically transformative’. To this end, I will transpose L.A. Paul's notion of ‘epistemically transformative experience’ from decision theory to the realm of philosophical practice and argue that the modern skeptical problem of an external standpoint can evoke transformative experiences that lead to a new, albeit non-propositional, insight into the finitude of the human condition.
Nitric Oxide Synthase activity in major depressive episodes before and after antidepressant treatment: Results of a large case-control treatment study
Authors: Loeb E. , El Asmar K. , Trabado S. , Gressier F. , Colle R. , Rigal A. , Martin S. , Verstuyft C. , Fève B. , Chanson P. , Becquemont L. , Corruble E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, an enzyme potentially involved in the major depressive episodes (MDE), could be indirectly measured by the L-Citrulline/L-Arginine ratio (L-Cit/L-Arg). The aim of this study was: (1) to compare the NOS activity of patients with a MDE to that of healthy controls (HC); (2) to assess its change after antidepressant treatment.MethodsA total of 460 patients with a current MDE in a context of major depressive disorder (MDD) were compared to 895 HC for NOS activity (L-Cit/L-Arg plasma ratio). L-Arg and L-Cit plasma levels were measured using a MS-based liquid chromatography method. Depressed patients were assessed at baseline, and after 3 and 6 months of antidepressant treatment for depression severity and clinical response.ResultsDepressed patients had a lower NOS activity than HC at baseline [0.31 ± 0.09 v. 0.38 ± 0.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.084 to −0.062, p < 0.0001]. Lower NOS activity at baseline predicted a higher response rate [odds ratio (OR) = 29.20; 95% CI 1.58–536.37; p = 0.023]. NOS activity in depressed patients increased significantly up to 0.34 ± 0.08 after antidepressant treatment (Est = 0.0034; 95% CI 0.0002–0.0067; p = 0.03).ConclusionsDepressed patients have a decreased NOS activity that improves after antidepressant treatment and predicts drug response. NOS activity may be a promising biomarker for MDE in a context of MDD.
A major flaw in the diagnosis of schizophrenia: what happened to the Schneider's first rank symptoms
Authors: Moscarelli Massimo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractKurt Schneider introduced in the definition of the first-rank symptoms (FRS) the criterion that, where unequivocally present, the FRS are always psychological primaries and irreducible. This criterion, grounded on ‘phenomenology’ (description of subjective experiences), cannot be applied, according to Schneider, to delusions, either two-stage FRS delusional perception, or second-rank delusional notions. The Schneider's key criterion was neglected since the initial adoption of the ‘Schneider's FRS’ in the subsequent international literature (e.g. PSE, RDC, DSM, and ICD). The ‘Schneider's FRS’ (e.g. thought insertion, thought withdrawal, passivity, and influence) were persistently equivocated as ‘delusions’, in spite of the Schneider's FRS exclusion criterion. The internationally equivocated ‘Schneider's FRS’ (only homonymous of the original ‘Schneider's FRS’), were eliminated in the DSM-5 and de-emphasized in ICD-11. However, the diagnostic value of the original ‘Schneider's FRS’, assessed on the basis of the strict compliance with the Schneider's criterion for their definition, was never determined. The ‘damnatio memoriae’ of the original Schneider's FRS may be premature. The definition and assessment of the ‘experienced’ symptoms of schizophrenia, only directly observed and reported by the patients, represent a specific, crucial, irreplaceable domain of psychopathology, to be carefully distinguished from the domain of the ‘behavioral’ symptoms observed by the clinician. Contemporary psychopathology research is aware of the absolute need for psychiatry to enhance precision and exactness in the definition of the experienced symptoms of schizophrenia, through the formulation of unequivocal inclusion and exclusion criteria (descriptive micro-psychopathology), in order to determine their value in research and care.
Sociodemographic moderation of the association between depression and stroke incidence in a retrospective cohort of 0.4 million primary care recipients with hypertension
Authors: Lai Francisco T. T. , Mercer Stewart W. , Guthrie Bruce , Yip Benjamin H. K. , Chung Gary K. K. , Zou Dan , Lee Kam-Pui , Chau Patsy Y. K. , Chung Roger Y. , Wong Eliza L. Y. , Yeoh Eng-Kiong , Wong Samuel Y. S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has suggested an association between depression and subsequent acute stroke incidence, but few studies have examined any effect modification by sociodemographic factors. In addition, no studies have investigated this association among primary care recipients with hypertension.MethodsWe examined the anonymized records of all public general outpatient visits by patients aged 45+ during January 2007–December 2010 in Hong Kong to extract primary care patients with hypertension for analysis. We took the last consultation date as the baseline and followed them up for 4 years (until 2011–2014) to observe any subsequent acute hospitalization due to stroke. Mixed-effects Cox models (random intercept across 74 included clinics) were implemented to examine the association between depression (ICPC diagnosis or anti-depressant prescription) at baseline and the hazard of acute stroke (ICD-9: 430–437.9). Effect modification by age, sex, and recipient status of social security assistance was examined in extended models with respective interaction terms specified.ResultsIn total, 396 858 eligible patients were included, with 9099 (2.3%) having depression, and 10 851 (2.7%) eventually hospitalized for stroke. From the adjusted analysis, baseline depression was associated with a 17% increased hazard of acute stroke hospitalization [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.32]. This association was suggested to be even stronger among men than among women (hazard ratio = 1.29, 95% CI 1.00–1.67).ConclusionDepression is more strongly associated with acute stroke incidence among male than female primary care patients with hypertension. More integrated services are warranted to address their needs.
Editorial Research: Music education in a time of pandemic
Authors: Daubney Alison , Fautley Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article, written at the time it was taking place, discusses the effects that the COVID-19 pandemic is having on music education in schools, focusing on the UK. It discusses how schools and teachers have had to make a sudden shift to a largely on-line modality, and the effects of these on teaching and learning in music. It asks questions of curriculum and assessment, especially with regard to the fact that classroom teachers in England are having to use their professional judgment to provide grades for external examinations, where hitherto these would have come from examination boards. It questions the ways in which teachers have been inadequately prepared and supported for this, by years of neoliberal undermining of confidence. It goes on to question accountability, and teacher training, raising issues which, at the time of writing, are of significant concern or music education.
Unique contribution of shared book reading on adult-child language interaction
Authors: CLEMENS Lucy F. , KEGEL Cornelia A. T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearchers agree that early literacy activities, like book sharing and parent-child play, are important for stimulating language development. We hypothesize that book sharing is most powerful because it elicits more interactive talk in young children than other activities. Parents of 43 infants (9–18 months) made two daylong audio recordings using the LENA system. We compared a typical day, with spontaneous occurring activities, with an instructed day when caregivers were prompted to do book reading and toy play. Book sharing resulted in a combination of more parent talk, child talk, and interactions than other language activities. Research context did not influence outcomes: no differences were found in language use between the spontaneous and the instructed activities. Overall it seems clear that even with infants shared reading is a strong unique stimulator of language use from parent and child.
The development of phonological memory and language: A multiple groups approach
Authors: DELCENSERIE Audrey , GENESEE Fred , TRUDEAU Natacha , CHAMPOUX François 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPierce et al. (2017) have proposed that variations in the timing, quality and quantity of language input during the earliest stages of development are related to variations in the development of phonological working memory and, in turn, to later language learning outcomes. To examine this hypothesis, three groups of children who are at-risk for language learning were examined: children with cochlear implants (CI), children with developmental language disorder (DLD), and internationally-adopted (IA) children, Comparison groups of typically-developing monolingual (MON) children and second language (L2) learners were also included. All groups were acquiring French as a first or second language and were matched on age, gender, and socioeconomic status, as well as other group-specific factors; they were between 5;0–7;3 years of age at time of testing. The CI and DLD groups scored significantly more poorly on the memory measures than the other groups; while the IA and L2 groups did not differ from one another. While the IA group performed more poorly than the MON group, there was no difference between the L2 and MON groups. We also found differential developmental relationships between phonological memory and language among the groups of interest in comparison to the typically-developing MON and L2 groups supporting the hypothesis that language experiences early in life are consequential for language development because of their effects on the development of phonological memory.
Incipient alcohol use in childhood: Early alcohol sipping and its relations with psychopathology and personality
Authors: Watts Ashley L. , Wood Phillip K. , Jackson Kristina M. , Lisdahl Krista M. , Heitzeg Mary M. , Gonzalez Raul , Tapert Susan F. , Barch Deanna M. , Sher Kenneth J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrior research has shown that sipping of alcohol begins to emerge during childhood and is potentially etiologically significant for later substance use problems. Using a large, community sample of 9- and 10-year-olds (N = 11,872; 53% female), we examined individual differences in precocious alcohol use in the form of alcohol sipping. We focused explicitly on features that are robust and well-demonstrated correlates of, and antecedents to, alcohol excess and related problems later in the lifespan, including youth- and parent-reported externalizing traits (i.e., impulsivity, behavioral inhibition and activation) and psychopathology. Seventeen percent of the sample reported sipping alcohol outside of a religiously sanctioned activity by age 9 or 10. Several aspects of psychopathology and personality emerged as small but reliable correlates of sipping. Nonreligious sipping was related to youth-reported impulsigenic traits, aspects of behavioral activation, prodromal psychotic-like symptoms, and mood disorder diagnoses, as well as parent-reported externalizing disorder diagnoses. Religious sipping was unexpectedly associated with certain aspects of impulsivity. Together, our findings point to the potential importance of impulsivity and other transdiagnostic indicators of psychopathology (e.g., emotion dysregulation, novelty seeking) in the earliest forms of drinking behavior.
TREASURED TRASH: THE SACRED SIGNIFICANCE OF CERAMIC FRAGMENTS IN ELITE RITUAL CONTEXTS AT POSTCLASSIC XALTOCAN, MEXICO
Authors: Farah Kirby 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article, I examine the use of ceramic fragments to mark sacred spaces at the Postclassic central Mexican site of Xaltocan. Recent excavations in Xaltocan's central precinct revealed a series of ritual features dating to Xaltocan's Middle Postclassic period (a.d.1240–1350) that were carefully constructed with ceramic fragments. I argue that this practice might represent an effort on the part of Xaltocan's Postclassic leaders to mark these features as sacred. Although Xaltocan was ruled by Otomi peoples during this time, the careful incorporation of ceramic fragments into ritual spaces might be related to the Nahua concept oftlazolliand possibly reflects the increasing influence of Nahua ideologies across the Basin of Mexico. Despite its generally negative connotations,tlazolliwas a powerful substance that central Mexicans could manipulate to energize ritual spaces. By carefully reordering ceramic fragments in and around ritual features, Xaltocan's leaders might have imbued these spaces with sacred energy. While the concept oftlazollimight have been quite widespread during this time, the specific practices discussed in this article appear to have been isolated to Xaltocan's Middle Postclassic leaders. Perhaps the specific practices observed were an invention of Xaltocan's Middle Postclassic leaders that never spread.
Developing community-based urine sampling methods to deploy biomarker technology for the assessment of dietary exposure
Authors: Lloyd Amanda J , Wilson Thomas , Willis Naomi D , Lyons Laura , Phillips Helen , Janssen Hayley G , Stiegler Martina , Xie Long , Tailliart Kathleen , Beckmann Manfred , Stevenson Leo , Mathers John C , Draper John 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective:Obtaining objective, dietary exposure information from individuals is challenging because of the complexity of food consumption patterns and the limitations of self-reporting tools (e.g., FFQ and diet diaries). This hinders research efforts to associate intakes of specific foods or eating patterns with population health outcomes.Design:Dietary exposure can be assessed by the measurement of food-derived chemicals in urine samples. We aimed to develop methodologies for urine collection that minimised impact on the day-to-day activities of participants but also yielded samples that were data-rich in terms of targeted biomarker measurements.Setting:Urine collection methodologies were developed within home settings.Participants:Different cohorts of free-living volunteers.Results:Home collection of urine samples using vacuum transfer technology was deemed highly acceptable by volunteers. Statistical analysis of both metabolome and selected dietary exposure biomarkers in spot urine collected and stored using this method showed that they were compositionally similar to urine collected using a standard method with immediate sample freezing. Even without chemical preservatives, samples can be stored under different temperature regimes without any significant impact on the overall urine composition or concentration of forty-six exemplar dietary exposure biomarkers. Importantly, the samples could be posted directly to analytical facilities, without the need for refrigerated transport and involvement of clinical professionals.Conclusions:This urine sampling methodology appears to be suitable for routine use and may provide a scalable, cost-effective means to collect urine samples and to assess diet in epidemiological studies.
Tracking and treating malnutrition: a retrospective observational study of the nutritional status of vulnerable people accessing a meals-on-wheels (MOW) service
Authors: Dewar Michelle , Dickinson Angela , Smeeton Nigel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aim:
The aims of the study were to describe the characteristics of meals-on-wheels (MOW) recipients, including prevalence of malnutrition amongst those who have received input from the Nutrition and Wellbeing Service (NWS) and to explore whether the NWS had an impact on the nutritional status (malnutrition risk) of recipients over time.

Background:
Support services, for example, MOW, play an important role in the prevention and treatment of malnutrition in the community. In the UK, MOW services are under threat. However, little is known about how they support the health and well-being of older people. This study reports on the characteristics of MOW recipients and investigates change in nutritional status over time.

Methods:
A retrospective study of MOW recipients of nutritional concern who were offered a check through the NWS was conducted. Demographic, social and health information were gathered at the initial visit. Nutritional status (risk of malnutrition) was obtained using the validated Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), at the initial and subsequent visits. Changes over time were investigated for recipients receiving at least two follow-up visits.

Findings:
An initial visit was made to 399 MOW recipients, and 148 recipients had two or more follow-up visits. At initial screening, 177 (44%) of recipients were at medium or high risk of malnutrition. Frailty was significantly related to malnutrition risk (P = 0.049). At follow-up, there was a reduction in malnutrition risk.

Conclusions:
The MOW service was associated with a reduction in malnutrition risk. By offering well-being visits within a MOW service, malnutrition can be identified early. Future studies into how MOW services might delay or prevent the need for support from acute health services and social care are warranted.
Richard Gough, Peter Peckard, and the Problem of Little Gidding
Authors: Coltharp Duane 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article explores the ways in which Little Gidding and its inhabitants – including the leader of that pious seventeenth-century household, Nicholas Ferrar – were remembered in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The memory of Little Gidding was shaped, in part, by a passage in Richard Gough’s British Topography, in which Gough dismissed Nicholas Ferrar as a ‘useless enthusiast’. Gough’s attack was answered by the liberal churchman Peter Peckard, who defended the reputation of his wife’s ancestor in his Memoirs of the Life of Mr. Nicholas Ferrar. And yet Peckard’s response to the Ferrars of Little Gidding was not entirely approving: while Peckard celebrated their piety and benevolence, he also worried over their ‘ceremonials’ and their ‘austerities’. This article presents a reading of the Memoirs, as well as a study of the relationship between Peckard’s text and other contemporary sources, in order to shed light on the complex nature of Peckard’s liberal Anglicanism.
Determination of optimum metam-potassium rate for weed, tomato, and pepper termination
Authors: Khatri Kshitij , Boyd Nathan S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMetam potassium (metam-K) is a soil fumigant used commonly in Florida at the end of the tomato and pepper production season. The fumigant essentially cleans a field by killing the established weeds and crops after harvest. The goal of this project was to determine the optimal rate of metam-K for the effective termination of tomato, pepper, and established weeds such as purple nutsedge, goosegrass, and dogfennel. Tomato, pepper, and purple nutsedge at bed center were effectively terminated with the metam-K rate of 65 kg ha−1. Optimal rates required for the termination of goosegrass and dogfennel were 91 and 156 kg ha−1, respectively. In contrast, metam-K at 500 to 680 kg ha−1 was required to terminate purple nutsedge on bed edges. The reduced efficacy of metam-K at bed edge might be related to the limited movement of metam-K in soil.
Another Mini Solar Maximum in the Offing: A Prediction for the Amplitude of Solar Cycle 25
Authors: Bisoi S. K. , Janardhan P. , Ananthakrishnan S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe examine the temporal changes in both solar polar magnetic field (PMF) at latitudes ≥45° and heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) at 1 AU during solar cycles 21–24 with emphasis on the recent activity changes after July 2015, the so called “mini solar maximum” of cycle 24. While unsigned PMF shows solar cycle modulations in cycles 21 and 22, it shows an anti‐correlation with solar cycle variation in cycle 24. In addition, the floor level of the HMF (of 4.6 nT), that is, the value that the HMF returns to at each solar minimum, is breached about 2 years prior to cycle 24 minimum, indicating a reduced HMF floor level of 3.2 ± 0.5 nT in the upcoming cycle 24 minimum. In light of the change of unsigned PMF and the availability of a revised smoothed sunspot number (SSN V2.0) after July 2015, we revisit the correlation of unsigned PMF and HMF at solar minimum. The correlation is used to estimate values of the HMF at the cycle 24 minimum and the amplitude of the upcoming cycle 25. The updated prediction is 134 ± 11 or 131 ± 11 on the revised SSN V2.0 scale assuming the cycle 24 minimum to occur in 2020 or 2021, respectively. The SSN values indicate that the cycle 25 will be stronger than cycle 24 and a little weaker than cycle 23, even if the current solar cycle minimum occurs in 2021 instead of 2020. This implies that we will witness another mini solar maximum in the upcoming cycle 25.