bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic ferroelectric field‐effect transistor memories with poly(vinylidene fluoride) gate insulators and conjugated semiconductor channels: a review
Authors: Zhu Huie , Fu Chang , Mitsuishi Masaya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOrganic electronics have attracted considerable interest because of their low temperature solution processability, versatile material synthesis and compatibility with a wide range of traditional fabrication methods such as rod‐coating, inkjet and roll‐to‐roll printing techniques. Organic ferroelectric field‐effect transistors (OFeFETs) with a three‐terminal device architecture have ferroelectric thin films as gate insulator layers and semiconductor films as charge transport channel layers. OFeFETs have been demonstrated with non‐volatile memory functions that can retain their high or low conductive states in the semiconductor channel when the power is turned off. The reversible polarization switching in the ferroelectric gate insulator layer between two stable polarized states provides the basis for binary coded memory functions. In this review, we summarize recent development of OFeFETs based on ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) dielectrics and organic semiconductor channels. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Perils of perfectionistic concerns among teachers
Authors: Shim Serena , Cho YoonJung , Knapke Melissa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe current study examined how teachers’ perfectionism (personal standards [PS] and concern over mistakes [COM]) relates to their achievement goals for teaching, instructional practices (creation of mastery vs. performance classroom goal structures), job satisfaction, and flow experience during teaching. The data were collected from teachers (N = 143; mean age = 43.5; 70% female; 100% European American) practicing in the Midwestern U.S. Path analyses indicated that teachers’ high personal standards predicted endorsement of mastery goals for teaching, creation of mastery goal structure emphasizing personal progress and learning, high job satisfaction, and frequent flow experience during teaching. On the contrary, teachers’ high concern over mistakes predicted endorsement of performance‐approach and ‐avoidance goals, creation of classroom performance goal structure emphasizing competition among students, low job satisfaction, and infrequent flow experience during teaching. A significant interaction between PS and COM was found for fluency (subscale of flow) experience, indicating that PS can buffer the harmful effects of COM. Therefore, the study evidenced the benefits of PS and the drawbacks of COM.
Regulation of monocot and dicot plant development with constitutively active alleles of phytochrome B
Authors: Hu Wei , Figueroa‐Balderas Rosa , Chi‐Ham Cecilia , Lagarias J. Clark 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe constitutively active missense allele of Arabidopsis phytochrome B, AtPHYBY276H or AtYHB, encodes a polypeptide that adopts a light‐insensitive, physiologically active conformation capable of sustaining photomorphogenesis in darkness. Here, we show that the orthologous OsYHB allele of rice phytochrome B (OsPHYBY283H) also encodes a dominant “constitutively active” photoreceptor through comparative phenotypic analyses of AtYHB and OsYHB transgenic lines of four eudicot species, Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Nicotiana sylvestris and Solanum lycopersicum cv. MicroTom (tomato), and of two monocot species, Oryza sativa ssp. japonica and Brachypodium distachyon. Reciprocal transformation experiments show that the gain‐of‐function constitutive photomorphogenic (cop) phenotypes by YHB expression are stronger in host plants within the same class than across classes. Our studies also reveal additional YHB‐dependent traits in adult plants, which include extreme shade tolerance, both early and late flowering behaviors, delayed leaf senescence, reduced tillering, and even viviparous seed germination. However, the strength of these gain‐of‐function phenotypes depends on the specific combination of YHB allele and species/cultivar transformed. Flowering and tillering of OsYHB‐ and OsPHYB‐expressing lines of rice Nipponbare and Kitaake cultivars were compared, also revealing differences in YHB/PHYB allele versus genotype interaction on the phenotypic behavior of the two rice cultivars. In view of recent evidence that the regulatory activity of AtYHB is not only light insensitive but also temperature insensitive, selective YHB expression is expected to yield improved agronomic performance of both dicot and monocot crop plant species not possible with wild‐type PHYB alleles.
Bioequivalence and pharmacodynamics of a generic dabigatran etexilate capsule in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Lihua , Xu Bing , Xiang Qian , Li Yuan , Zhang Ping , Wang Yangyang , Xie Qiufen , Mao Yong , Cui Yimin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo assess bioequivalence of a generic dabigatran etexilate capsule in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions. This was an open‐label, single‐center, randomized four‐period crossover study with a 7‐day washout period. A single oral dose of 150 mg generic dabigatran etexilate capsule (test drug) or a commercial dabigatran etexilate capsule (Pradaxa®, reference drug) was given to healthy volunteers under the fasting and fed conditions. Plasma concentrations of total and free dabigatran were detected using a validated HPLC‐MS/MS method. A noncompartmental method was used for pharmacokinetic analysis and established coagulation assays were applied for pharmacodynamic analysis. The 90% CIs of the test/reference ratios of Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ for the total dabigatran concentration were 92.57%‐106.58%, 91.63%‐106.32%, and 92.54%‐106.17%, respectively, under fasting condition, and 99.30%‐110.74%, 98.58%‐105.37%, and 97.75%‐103.99%, respectively, under fed conditions. The 90% CIs of the ratios of the parameters for the free dabigatran were 93.18%‐106.98%, 92.13%‐107.10%, 92.89%‐106.48%, respectively, under fasting condition, and 100.05%‐110.89%, 99.37%‐106.23%, 97.59%‐103.98%, respectively, under the fed condition. Additionally, the upper limit of the 90% CIs for σWT/σWR was below 2.5. There were no significant differences in the coagulation parameters including thrombin clotting time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and anti‐IIa activity between the two preparations. The generic dabigatran etexilate capsule is bioequivalent to the brand‐named product in healthy Chinese volunteers under fasting and fed conditions. The two products have comparable pharmacodynamic parameters, with a good safety profile. In addition, food intake influences absorption of both products in a similar way.
Multiple moves and return migration within developing countries: A comparative analysis
Authors: Cattaneo Andrea , Robinson Sherman 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper sheds new light on internal migration processes by estimating stylized migration histories for populations in 31 countries. The focus is on repeat migration and on return migration back to rural areas from urban areas. Migration histories are portrayed by introducingmigration pathway matrices, representing the shares of the population (by gender) that have moved or stayed in rural and urban areas over three periods (childhood and two forward periods). Using data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), the estimation of national migration pathway matrices was done with an information‐theoretic procedure using maximum‐entropy econometrics to estimate migration frequencies by population groups. Moving multiple times is found to be a consolidated practice in all countries analysed. Sizeable urban‐to‐rural migration flows are found, with rural returnees often contributing substantially to these flows. This phenomenon is more pronounced in countries in relatively early phases of economic development and among male migrants. For the sample of countries in sub‐Saharan Africa, on average, 51% of men and 32% of women migrating from urban to rural areas are return migrants who lived in rural areas as children. Results indicate many migrants move multiple times: In the overall sample of countries, at least 43% of men and 36% of women who move once will move a second time (or more), accounting for nearly 120 million individuals. We find large differences in migration histories across genders, with these differences tending to be smaller for countries that are further along their economic development path and more urbanised.
A hybrid approach for predictive soil property mapping using conventional soil survey data
Authors: Nauman Travis W. , Duniway Michael C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSoil property maps are important for land management and earth systems modeling. A new hybrid point‐disaggregation predictive soil property mapping strategy improved mapping in the Colorado River basin by increasing sample size approximately sixfold and can be applied to other areas with similar data, including the conterminous United States. Random forests related environmental raster layers representing soil‐forming factors with samples to predict pH, texture fractions, rock, electrical conductivity (ec), gypsum, CaCO3, sodium adsorption ratio (sar), available water capacity (awc), bulk density (dbovendry), erodibility (kwfact), and organic matter (om) at seven depths as well as depth to restrictive layer (resdept) and surface rock size and cover. Cross‐validation R2 values averaged .53 (range, .20–.76). Mean absolute errors ranged from 3 to 98% of training data averages (mean, 41%). Models of pH, om, and ec had the best accuracy (R2 > .6). Most texture fractions, CaCO3, and SAR models had R2 values from .5 to .6. Models of kwfact, dbovendry, resdept, rock models, gypsum, and awc had R2 values from .4 to .5; near‐surface models tended to perform better. Very‐fine sands and 200‐cm estimates for other models generally performed poorly (R2 = .2–.4), and sample size for the 200‐cm models was too low for reliable model building. Uncertainty estimates were also developed by creating relative prediction intervals, which allow end users to evaluate uncertainty easily. Average error increased in areas with higher relative prediction intervals (higher uncertainty), which also had low sampling densities, suggesting that additional sampling in these areas may improve prediction accuracy. Greater uncertainty was observed in areas with highly stratified shale parent materials and physiographic settings uncommon relative to the broader study area.
Toward High‐Dimensional Single‐Cell Analysis of Graphene Oxide Biological Impact: Tracking on Immune Cells by Single‐Cell Mass Cytometry
Authors: Orecchioni Marco , Bordoni Valentina , Fuoco Claudia , Reina Giacomo , Lin Hazel , Zoccheddu Martina , Yilmazer Acelya , Zavan Barbara , Cesareni Gianni , Bedognetti Davide , Bianco Alberto , Delogu Lucia Gemma 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConsidering the potential exposure to graphene, the most investigated nanomaterial, the assessment of the impact on human health has become an urgent need. The deep understanding of nanomaterial safety is today possible by high‐throughput single‐cell technologies. Single‐cell mass cytometry (cytometry by time‐of flight, CyTOF) shows an unparalleled ability to phenotypically and functionally profile complex cellular systems, in particular related to the immune system, as recently also proved for graphene impact. The next challenge is to track the graphene distribution at the single‐cell level. Therefore, graphene oxide (GO) is functionalized with AgInS2 nanocrystals (GO–In), allowing to trace GO immune–cell interactions via the indium (115In) channel. Indium is specifically chosen to avoid overlaps with the commercial panels (>30 immune markers). As a proof of concept, the GO–In CyTOF tracking is performed at the single‐cell level on blood immune subpopulations, showing the GO interaction with monocytes and B cells, therefore guiding future immune studies. The proposed approach can be applied not only to the immune safety assessment of the multitude of graphene physical and chemical parameters, but also for graphene applications in neuroscience. Moreover, this approach can be translated to other 2D emerging materials and will likely advance the understanding of their toxicology.
TiO2 Nanoparticles and Commensal Bacteria Alter Mucus Layer Thickness and Composition in a Gastrointestinal Tract Model
Authors: Limage Rhodesherdeline , Tako Elad , Kolba Nikolai , Guo Zhongyuan , García‐Rodríguez Alba , Marques Cláudia N. H. , Mahler Gretchen J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs) are used in food packaging and processing and have become an integral part of many commonly ingested products. There are few studies that have focused on the interaction between ingested NPs, gut function, the mucus layer, and the gut microbiota. In this work, an in vitro model of gastrointestinal (GI) tract is used to determine whether, and how, the mucus layer is affected by the presence of Gram‐positive, commensal Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Gram‐negative, opportunistic Escherichia coli; and/or exposure to physiologically relevant doses of pristine or digested TiO2 NPs. Caco‐2/HT29‐MTX‐E12 cell monolayers are exposed to physiological concentrations of bacteria (expressing fluorescent proteins) and/or TiO2 nanoparticles for a period of 4 h. To determine mucus thickness and composition, cell monolayers are stained with alcian blue, periodic acid schiff, or an Alexa Fluor 488 conjugate of wheat germ agglutinin. It is found that the presence of both bacteria and nanoparticles alter the thickness and composition of the mucus layer. Changes in the distribution or pattern of mucins can be indicative of pathological conditions, and this model provides a platform for understanding how bacteria and/or NPs may interact with and alter the mucus layer.
Inflammation Increases Susceptibility of Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells to Pneumonic Nanotoxicity
Authors: Wu Zhuoran , Shi Pujiang , Lim Hong Kit , Ma Yiyuan , Setyawati Magdiel Inggrid , Bitounis Dimitrios , Demokritou Philip , Ng Kee Woei , Tay Chor Yong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExposure to inhaled anthropogenic nanomaterials (NM) with dimension <100 nm has been implicated in numerous adverse respiratory outcomes. Although studies have identified key NM physiochemical determinants of pneumonic nanotoxicity, the complex interactive and cumulative effects of NM exposure, especially in individuals with preexisting inflammatory respiratory diseases, remain unclear. Herein, the susceptibility of primary human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) exposed to a panel of reference NM, namely, CuO, ZnO, mild steel welding fume (MSWF), and nanofractions of copier center particles (Nano‐CCP), is examined in normal and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α)‐induced inflamed SAEC. Compared to normal SAEC, inflamed cells display an increased susceptibility to NM‐induced cytotoxicity by 15–70% due to a higher basal level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among the NM screened, ZnO, CuO, and Nano‐CCP are observed to trigger an overcompensatory response in normal SAEC, resulting in an increased tolerance against subsequent oxidative insults. However, the inflamed SAEC fails to adapt to the NM exposure due to an impaired nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)‐mediated cytoprotective response. The findings reveal that susceptibility to pulmonary nanotoxicity is highly dependent on the interplay between NM properties and inflammation of the alveolar milieu.
15 Years of Small: Research Trends in Nanosafety
Authors: Zhu Shuang , Li Lele , Gu Zhanjun , Chen Chunying , Zhao Yuliang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the field of nano‐ and microscale science and technology, Small has become one of the worldwide leading journals since its initiation 15 years ago. Among all the topics covered in Small, “nanosafety” has received growing interest over the years, which accounts for a large proportion of the total publications of Small. Herein, inspired by its coming Special Issue “Rethinking Nanosafety,” a general bibliometric overview of the nanosafety studies that have been published in Small is presented. Using the data derived from the Web of Science Core Collection, the annual publication growth, most influential countries/institutions as well as the visualized collaborations between different countries and institutions based on CiteSpace software are presented. A special emphasis on the impact of the previous Special Issue from Small that is related to nanosafety research is given and the research trend from the most highly cited papers during last 15 years is analyzed. Lastly, future research directions are also proposed.
Applying artificial bee colony algorithm to the multidepot vehicle routing problem
Authors: Gu Zhaoquan , Zhu Yan , Wang Yuexuan , Du Xiaojiang , Guizani Mohsen , Tian Zhihong 
Published: April 2020

SummaryWith advanced information technologies and industrial intelligence, Industry 4.0 has been witnessing a large scale digital transformation. Intelligent transportation plays an important role in the new era and the classic vehicle routing problem (VRP), which is a typical problem in providing intelligent transportation, has been drawing more attention in recent years. In this article, we study multidepot VRP (MDVRP) that considers the management of the vehicles and the optimization of the routes among multiple depots, making the VRP variant more meaningful. In addressing the time efficiency and depot cooperation challenges, we apply the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to the MDVRP. To begin with, we degrade MDVRP to single‐depot VRP by introducing depot clustering. Then we modify the ABC algorithm for single‐depot VRP to generate solutions for each depot. Finally, we propose a coevolution strategy in depot combination to generate a complete solution of the MDVRP. We conduct extensive experiments with different parameters and compare our algorithm with a greedy algorithm and a genetic algorithm (GA). The results show that the ABC algorithm has a good performance and achieve up to 70% advantage over the greedy algorithm and 3% advantage over the GA.
“We Are Stories”: Centering Picturebooks in the Reading Support Class
Authors: Wissman Kelly K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe author explores the Names, Journeys, and Dreams project, in which culturally and linguistically diverse learners and their families engaged with picturebooks that inspired dialogic conversations, authentic writing, and family–school connections. The author provides four recommendations for incorporating picturebooks within the reading support class with diverse learners: enter the storyworld together, make families the curriculum, value multiple languages, and celebrate students as authors. Alongside sustained and reciprocal family engagement efforts that position families as instructional resources, centering diverse picturebooks within the intervention setting can help students grow more fully into their identities as readers, writers, and dreamers.
Colloid transport through soil and other porous media under transient flow conditions—A review
Authors: Wang Chaozi , Wang Ruoyu , Huo Zailin , Xie En , Dahlke Helen E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnderstanding colloid transport in porous media under transient‐flow conditions is crucial in understanding contaminant transport in soil or the vadose zone where flow conditions vary constantly. In this article, we provide a review of experimental studies, numerical approaches, and new technologies available to determine the transport of colloids in transient flow. Experiments indicate that soil structure and preferential flow are primary factors. In undisturbed soils with preferential flow pathways, macropores serve as main conduits for colloid transport. In homogeneously packed soil, the soil matrix often serves as filter. At the macroscale, transient flow facilitates colloid transport by frequently disturbing the force balance that retains colloids in the soil as indicated by the offset between colloid breakthrough peaks and discharge peaks. At the pore‐scale and under saturated condition, straining, and attachment at solid–water interfaces are the main mechanisms for colloid retention. Variably saturated conditions add more complexity, such as immobile water zones, film straining, attachment to air–water interfaces, and air–water–solid contact lines. Filter ripening, size exclusion, ionic strength, and hydrophobicity are identified as the most influential factors. Our review indicates that microscale and continuum‐scale models for colloid transport under transient‐flow conditions are rare, compared to the numerous steady‐state models. The few transient flow models that do exist are highly parameterized and suffer from a lack of a priori information of required pore‐scale parameters. However, new techniques are becoming available to measure colloid transport in real‐time and in a nondestructive way that might help to better understand transient flow colloid transport.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Water Quality
It is about time: Conceptual and experimental evaluation of the temporal cognitive mechanisms in mental time travel
Authors: Martin‐Ordas Gema 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMental time travel (MTT) is the ability that allows humans to mentally project themselves backwards in time to remember past events (i.e., episodic memory) or forwards in time to imagine future events (i.e., future thinking). Despite empirical evidence showing that animals might possess MTT abilities, some still claim that this ability is uniquely human. Recent debates have suggested that it is the temporal cognitive mechanism (i.e., ability to represent the sense of past and future) that makes MTT uniquely human. Advances in the field have been constrained by a lack of comparative data, methodological shortcomings that prevent meaningful comparisons, and a lack of clear conceptualizations of the temporal cognitive mechanism. Here I will present a comprehensive review into MTT in humans and animals—with a particular focus on great apes. I will examine three of the most prominent and influential theoretical models of human MTT. Drawing on these accounts, I suggest that a basic way of understanding time might be shared across species, however culture and language will play a critical role at shaping the way we elaborate mental representations about past and future events.This article is categorized under:
Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition
Psychology > Comparative Psychology
Between Adoption and Resistance: China’s Efforts of ‘Understanding the West’, the Challenges of Transforming Monarchical Legitimacy and the Rise of Oriental Exceptionalism, 1860–1910
Authors: Müller Christian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractQing officials and intellectuals were interested in European concepts of law, statehood, society, and the individual after China’s conflicting encounter with the ‘West’ in the two ‘Opium Wars’. The Marxist narrative of the Qing decline and the new Belt and Road programme ideologically highlight the lost harmonious vision of a Chinese world order facing European imperialism. As both interpretations do not pay adequate attention to Chinese adoptions of the ‘West’, this article argues that Chinese functional adoption of Western concepts served a Western-style ‘modernisation’ as long as it did not undermine the monarchical legitimacy of the Qing dynasty. Active Chinese import of ‘Western’ concepts to further modernise China only encountered official resilience when the concepts could undermine monarchical legitimacy and revolutionise the Empire.