bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0193 Sleep Health Across Religions: A Consideration of Bidirectional Processes
Authors: Fergason K , Rowatt W , Scullin M K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The psychology of religion literature indicates that religious engagement is beneficial to physical and mental health. Such effects might be mediated by sleep health, which causally affects mood, cognitive, and immune functioning. However, few studies have investigated whether religiosity is associated with better sleep, and no studies have considered the reverse causal direction: better sleep may impact religious behaviors or perceptions.

Methods
We conducted a secondary data analysis of 1,501 participants in Wave 5 of the Baylor Religion Survey (BRS-5). Completed in Spring 2017, the BRS-5 used Address Based Sample methodology to derive a population-based sample. The survey included questions on religious affiliation, behaviors, and perceptions (e.g., certainty of Heaven). Additionally, participants rated their difficulty falling asleep and their average total sleep time. We investigated whether participants were meeting AASM/SRS consensus guidelines of 7–9 hours/night.

Results
Religious affiliation was associated with sleep duration, but not in the predicted direction. Atheists/Agnostics (73%) were significantly more likely to report meeting consensus sleep duration guidelines than religiously-affiliated individuals (65%), p&lt;.05. For example, Atheists/Agnostics reported better sleep duration than Catholics (63%, p&lt;.01) and Baptists (55%, p&lt;.001). Atheists/Agnostics also reported less difficulty falling asleep at night than Catholics (p=.02) and Baptists (p&lt;.001). The effects persisted when controlling for age and were particularly evident in members of African American congregations. Perceptions of getting into Heaven were significantly higher in participants who obtained better sleep duration, p&lt;.05, but interestingly, such beliefs/perceptions were unrelated to difficulty falling asleep at night, suggesting that better sleep may lead to these perceptions rather than vice versa.

Conclusion
In contrast to predictions, religious affiliation was associated with significantly poorer sleep health. Poor sleep health has implications for physical and mental health, and seemingly also religious perceptions/beliefs. Future experimental work is required to disentangle the causal direction of sleep-religiosity associations.

Support
The Baylor Religion Survey was supported by the John Templeton Foundation.
0196 Differences in Sleep Duration and Alertness Among Internal Medicine Interns Comparing Intensive Care Unit to General Medicine Rotations: A Secondary Analysis of the ICOMPARE Trial
Authors: Cordoza M , Basner M , Asch D A , Shea J A , Bellini L M , Carlin M , Malone S K , Desai S V , Sternberg A L , Tonascia J , Volpp K G , Mott C G , Mollicone D J , Dinges D F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Little is known about the impact of specific rotations on medical residents’ sleep. The purpose of this analysis was to examine the difference in sleep duration and alertness among internal-medicine resident interns during intensive care unit (ICU) compared to general medicine (GM) rotations.

Methods
This is a secondary report of a randomized non-inferiority trial of 63 United States internal-medicine residency programs. Programs were assigned to either standard duty-hour (80h workweek/16h shifts) or flexible (80h workweek/no shift-length limit) policies. Interns were followed for 2 weeks during either a GM or ICU rotation. The primary outcome was sleep duration/24h (actigraphy). Secondary outcomes were sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale [KSS]) and alertness (number of Brief Psychomotor Vigilance Test [PVT-B] lapses). Data were averaged across days (thirteen 24-hour periods). Linear mixed-effect models with random program intercept were used to determine the association between each outcome by rotation, controlling for age, sex, and policy followed.

Results
N=386 interns were included (mean age 27.9±2.1y, 194 (50.3%) males), with n=261 (67.6%) in GM, and n=125 (32.4%) in ICU. Average sleep duration was 7.00±0.08h and 6.84±0.10h for GM and ICU respectively (p=.09; 95%CI -0.02;0.33h). Percent of days with self-reports of excessive sleepiness were significantly more likely for ICU vs GM from 12am-6am (ICU: 20.2%; GM: 12.5%) and 6am-12pm (ICU: 20.5%; GM: 14.3%). GM had significantly more days with no excessive sleepiness (GM: 40.5%; ICU: 28.1%). Average KSS was 4.8±0.1 for both GM and ICU (p=.60; 95%CI -0.18;0.32). Average number of PVT-B lapses were 5.5±0.5 and 5.7±0.7 for GM and ICU respectively (p=.83; 95%CI -1.48;1.18 lapses). There were no significant differences in PVT-B response speed or false starts between rotations.

Conclusion
Interns in ICU may experience more excessive sleepiness compared to GM interns, especially in early morning hours. However, sleep duration and alertness were not significantly different between rotations.

Support
Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and American Council for Graduate Medical Education
0197 Chronotype is Influenced by Behavioral Choices and Can Fluctuate Across the Semester in STEM Students
Authors: Porro A , Luster T , Gao C , George C , Parizi-Robinson M , Quigley D , Zinke P , Scullin M K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
A delay in endogenous biological rhythms is assumed to cause undergraduate students to be “night owls,” but neurodevelopmental effects may only partially explain chronotype (circadian preference). Instead, perceived chronotype in students may result from poor sleep hygiene practices including bedtime social media use, afternoon caffeine consumption, and daytime napping. If so, then chronotype should be malleable in students to the extent that behavioral choices change.

Methods
We surveyed 1,120 undergraduate students who were enrolled in STEM courses across up to 3 time points during the semester. The survey assessed perceived chronotype (morning/evening type), global sleep quality, and daily habits that impact alertness and sleep hygiene (e.g., social media usage and timing, caffeine consumption and timing, and napping behavior).

Results
Relative to Morning Types, students who perceived themselves as being Evening Types showed 23.1% greater bedtime social media usage (t=3.14, p=.002), 35.1% greater daytime napping duration (t=4.44, p&lt;.001), and a 44 minute later average time of caffeine consumption (even though total caffeine consumption was reduced; t=2.30, p=.022). Evening Types also reported lower subjective health (t=3.55, p&lt;.001), with 14.2% of the association between chronotype and subjective health being mediated by bedtime social media use (direct effect: b=0.050, p=.002; indirect effect: b=0.009, p&lt;.05). Ninety-one students reported switching from being Evening Types at baseline to Morning Types at a later survey; those who switched to Morning Types used less social media and consumed less caffeine after 5pm and they showed significant improvements across the semester in sleep duration, sleep quality, and exam scores (ps&lt;.05).

Conclusion
Perceived chronotype is related to social media and caffeine consumption behaviors and is modifiable. Students who perceive themselves as night owls may find better health and academic success if they behave like morning larks.

Support
National Science Foundation (DRL 1920730)
0202 Chronotype Moderates the Relationship Between Personality and Academic Performance in Young Athletes
Authors: Collins-Rancourt M A , Roy J , Gaudreault P , Godin R , Forest G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Recent studies have shown that chronotype is associated with personality in adolescents. Other studies suggest that athletes are more conscientious, and that this personality trait is associated with higher academic performance among adolescents. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between personality, chronotype and academic performance in young athletes.

Methods
27 young athletes and 13 young non-athletes (13-16y) completed the Horne & Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the NEO-PI-3. Grades were taken from their final report at the end of the school year (Mgrades=year-mean performance on the two main school subjects). First, T-tests were conducted to compare both groups on personality traits. Then, a moderation analysis was conducted using Hayes’ PROCESS Macro V3.4 to examine the moderation effect of the chronotype on the relationship between conscientiousness and Mgrades.

Results
Results show that young athletes are significantly more conscientious (M=4748±11,67) than non-athletes (M=38,31±9,59) (t(38)=2,46,p=.019). Conscientiousness and chronotype were entered in a regression analysis to predict Mgrades. The addition of the interaction term between chronotype and conscientiousness, to the regression analysis, explained a significant increase in variance in Mgrades (ΔR2=.34, F(1,23)=19.38, p&lt;.001). Therefore, when the score is inferior to 57.75 at the MEQ (toward evening type), conscientiousness and Mgrades are significantly related (β=0.28, t(23)=2.07, p=0.05).

Conclusion
These results show that the chronotype moderates the relationship between conscientiousness and academic performance in young athletes. Specifically, in more evening types, higher level of conscientiousness is associated with higher grades and lower level of conscientiousness is associated with lower grades. On the other hand, for more morning types, the level of conscientiousness is not associated with grades. These results suggest that conscientiousness may be a protective factor against the impacts of adolescence sleep changes and disturbances, on academic performance.

Support
-
0227 The Compounding Impact of Daytime Sleepiness and Brain Injury on Sustained Vigilance
Authors: Dailey N S , Raikes A C , Wager M E , Grandner M A , Alkozei A , Killgore W D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Daytime sleepiness is among the most frequent self-reported complaints by individuals who have sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Previous research demonstrates reduced vigilance and processing speed following mTBI. It has yet to be determined, however, if sustaining a mTBI alone, or the combination of daytime sleepiness and brain injury more greatly impacts cognitive function. The goal of this preliminary analysis was to determine the association between vigilance, daytime sleepiness, and mTBI.

Methods
A total of 137 adults (Mage = 24.89±7.2; 83 females) participated in the study, including 33 healthy controls (HCs) and 104 individuals with a documented mTBI within the preceding 12 months. Daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), while daytime vigilance was measured using the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). To assess the effect of mTBI and daytime sleepiness on vigilance, we fit a Poisson regression to the number of lapses on the PVT, with group and ESS scores as predictors.

Results
ESS scores were significantly higher (p&lt;.001) and there were significantly more PVT lapses (p=.03) in those with a recent mTBI, compared to HCs. For those with mTBI, the rate of lapses increased by 7.5% for every 1-point increase in ESS score (p&lt; .001). Furthermore, when compared to HCs, the PVT lapse rate was 1.8x higher for individuals with a history of mTBI (p&lt; 0.001), after controlling for ESS scores.

Conclusion
Daytime sleepiness was negatively associated with sustained vigilance for all participants. However, the magnitude of this association was roughly twice as high in individuals who had sustained a mTBI in the previous year. These findings provide evidence of a significant compounding effect of daytime sleepiness and brain injury on sustained vigilant attention. Clinical evaluation of mTBI would benefit from routine assessment of daytime sleepiness.

Support
USAMRMC grant (W81XWH-12–0386).
0233 Pain, Fatigue, and Altered Reactivity to a Repeated Physiological Stressor in Insomnia Patients: An Explanatory-Driven Analysis
Authors: Goldstein M R , Devine J K , Dang R , Chatterton B , Scott-Sutherland J , Yang H , Mullington J M , Haack M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Fatigue and pain are prominent features of functional impairment in insomnia. This study aimed to better understand behavioral and physiological mechanisms of these complex relationships.

Methods
22 participants with insomnia disorder (DSM-5 criteria, 18 female, age 18-49yrs) and 22 good-sleeper controls (19 female, age 18-47yrs) completed two-weeks sleep logs and actigraphy recordings prior to coming to the laboratory for overnight polysomnography and subsequent daytime testing that included questionnaires, three trials of cold pressor test (CPT), and pain testing with blood draws collected throughout. Insomnia diagnosis was determined by a board-certified sleep specialist, and exclusion criteria included psychiatric history within past 6 months, other sleep disorder, significant medical conditions, and any medications within past two weeks with significant effects on inflammation, autonomic function, or other psychotropic effects. For CPT, participants were instructed to immerse hand in ice cold water for at least one minute and rate pain intensity throughout the immersion and 3-minute recovery. Data were analyzed with linear mixed models.

Results
Per inclusion criteria, PSQI scores were differed between groups (insomnia: 10.2±2.7, range 7–16; control: 1.9±1.3, range 0–5; p&lt;.001). Insomnia consistently reported higher daily fatigue ratings compared to controls (p&lt;.001), as well as higher spontaneous pain globally and across several specific domains (p’s: .007-.03). In response to CPT, groups did not differ in their initial tolerance (i.e. immersion duration, p=.41) or intensity ratings during immersion (p=.88), however insomnia showed blunted recovery in intensity ratings (p&lt;.01). Control participants then showed an ability to habituate to repeated CPT by increasing immersion duration, whereas insomnia slightly decreased in tolerance across trials (Group effect: p&lt;.05).

Conclusion
These data indicate that habituation to and acute recovery from pain is deteriorated in chronic insomnia, which may be a key contributor to maintained pathophysiology over time and mechanism to target with comprehensive treatment.

Support
Merck Inc. MISP# 51971 (investigator-initiated), NIH/National Center for Research Resources UL1-RR02758 and M01-RR01032 to the Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center.
0234 Sleep Timing and Duration Predict Levels of Repetitive Negative Thinking the Following Day
Authors: Stewart E , Acenowr C , Coles M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Several forms of psychopathology characterized by repetitive negative thinking (RNT) are also associated with problems in sleep timing and sleep duration (Morin & Ware, 1996). These relations have been documented in cross-sectional studies but only a few studies have investigated this relation using a prospective design. This study aimed to: (1) replicate cross-sectional findings linking sleep duration and sleep timing to RNT and (2) use prospective longitudinal methods to extend previous research regarding this relation.

Methods
Participants (N = 127) were undergraduates who completed daily measures of sleep, mood, and RNT for 18 days. Participants mean age was 19.31(SD = 1.41) and 49% were male, and 60% were Caucasian. Measures included the Perseverative Thoughts Questionnaire, the Sleep-50, and a Daily Monitoring Questionnaire (DMQ) comprised of items from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Results
Insomnia severity and circadian disruption severity was correlated with RNT, and these relations remained significant after statistically controlling for the influence of negative affect (Insomnia: r(123)=.22, p=.01; Circadian: r(123)=.21, p=.02). When looking longitudinally within person Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) revealed later bedtimes (t(125) = 2.01, p = .05) and shorter sleep durations (t(125) = -3.17, p = .002) were predictors of heightened RNT the next day, even after statistically controlling for negative affect (RNTij=π oj+π 1j(RNT_lag) + π 2j(bedtime_lag/hours slept_lag) + π 3j(mood_lag) + eij). RNT did not predict sleep variables when running the reverse of these models, yet negative affect emerged as a significant predictor of sleep timing (t(125) = 2.41, p = .02) and sleep duration (t(125)= -2.44, p=.02), indicating that mood, not RNT, may influence bedtimes and hours slept.

Conclusion
Results indicate that bedtime and sleep duration may be contributors to RNT, and that sleep disruptions may precede the onset of RNT. If future studies replicate the current study’s findings, then sleep variables may serve as an important area of intervention and prevention of excessive RNT.

Support
N/A
0248 Does Attentional Control Relate to Sleep Disruption and Repetitive Negative Thinking?
Authors: Acenowr C , Coles M , Stewart E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Insomnia is associated with increased repetitive negative thinking (RNT) and poor attentional control. There is increasing interest in the relevance of these processes for psychopathology. For example, Cox, Cole, Kramer and Olatunji (2018) proposed that focusing and shifting in attentional control may help explain the link between sleep disturbance and RNT. In support, attentional focus was found to be significant in the relationship between insomnia and RNT. As this study looked at disorder-specific measures of RNT and only insomnia, the current study aimed to replicate and extend the findings by also examining circadian sleep disruption and transdiagnostic RNT.

Methods
The current study included 127 participants. Sleep disruption was assessed by the SLEEP-50 (Spoormaker, Verbeek, van den Bout & Klip, 2005). This measure provides several subscale scores, including disruption in circadian rhythms and insomnia. The Attentional Control Scale (Derryberry & Reed, 2002) is a measure of attentional focus and shifting which was also utilized. Lastly, the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (Ehring et al., 2011) is a widely used transdiagnostic measure of RNT.

Results
Pearson’s Correlations indicated that both insomnia and circadian disruptions were significantly associated with RNT (insomnia, r=.27; circadian, r=.24). Mirroring the results of Cox, Cole, Kramer and Olatunji, attentional focus was significant (insomnia, r=-.29; circadian, r=-.28), whereas attentional shift was not (insomnia, r=.02; circadian, r=.06).

Conclusion
The connection between sleep disruption and factors that contribute to psychopathology needs to be better understood. This study differentiates types of attention and their relation to insomnia and circadian sleep disruption, and RNT. If attentional focus can link sleep disruption and RNT, clinicians can move one step closer to understanding the development of risk factors that may jeopardize an individual.

Support
n/a
0251 Association Between Sleep Disruption and Workplace Productivity: The Hidden Cost of Caregiving
Authors: Robbins R , Weaver M D , Barger L K , Quan S F , Zhivotovsky S , Czeisler C A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Caregiving for older spouses or family members is common with an aging population. The responsibilities caregivers maintain can disrupt sleep, which may present workplace productivity consequences. We sought to test whether caregiving-related sleep disturbance was associated with workplace productivity among adults caring for older spouses and family members.

Methods
Cross-sectional analysis of the 2011 National Study of Caregiving dataset was conducted. The dataset is comprised of family members and unpaid caregivers to older adults in the U.S. (age 65 and above) receiving assistance with self-care, mobility, or household activities. Caregivers reported the frequency of sleep disturbance (“In the last month, how often did caregiving cause your sleep to be interrupted”) from 0 (“never” or “rarely”) to 1 (“some nights”) and 2 (“most nights” or “every night”). Workplace measures included: 1) presenteeism, or the degree to which caregiving affected productivity at work, measured from 1 “not at all” to 10 “very much”; 2) absenteeism, or the proportion of hours missed from work due to caregiving to total hours worked, and 3) productivity loss, or the sum of absenteeism and presenteeism. Generalized linear models examined the relationship between workplace productivity and sleep disturbance, while controlling for relevant covariates, including age, income, education, and self-reported health.

Results
Participants comprised 2,007 caregivers. Mean (SD) age was 63.5 (12.9), and 66.4% of the participants were women (n=1,334). The most common relationship to the older adult was daughter (n=704, 35.1%), followed by spouse/partner (n=422,21.0%), and son (n=310,15.5%). Compared to no “rarely” or “never” experiencing sleep disruption, reporting disruption “most nights” or “every night” was associated with presenteeism (OR=1.2, 95%CI:1.1–1.2), absenteeism (OR=1.1, 95%CI: 1.0–1.1), and total productivity loss (OR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.1 to 1.3).

Conclusion
Caregiving-related sleep disruption is a risk factor for workplace productivity losses, hindering caregivers from professional advancement and further degrading their caregiver capacity. Future study of means for improving sleep among caregivers is warranted.

Support
T32HL007901
0263 Later Bedtime is Associated with Differences in Prefrontal Gray Matter Volume and Executive Function Deficits
Authors: Taylor E , Grandner M A , Killgore W D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Evening chronotypes tend to have reduced white matter integrity within their axonal tracts and reduced functional connectivity compared to morning types, a pattern that has been attributed to chronic “social jet lag” and its attendant disrupted sleep patterns. It is not clear whether brain differences are due to chronotype, total sleep time (TST), or whether they are associated with actual bedtime exclusive of these other factors. Here we examined morphometric gray matter volume (GMV) and its correlation with bedtime, after controlling for confounding factors.

Methods
Forty-five healthy adults (22 female; aged 20 to 43), completed the Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the Tower of London (TOL), an executive function task of planning and sequencing. Participants wore an actigraph for 7 days and completed structural MRI imaging during the period of actigraphy. Morphometric GMV data were processed using standard procedures in SPM12. After controlling for age, sex, and intracranial volume, actigraphic bedtime was entered into a regression analysis to predict orbitofrontal GMV. Regional GMV was extracted and correlated with TOL performance. Effects of TST and MEQ were also examined during regression.

Results
Later bedtime was associated with increased GMV in the left superior orbitofrontal gyrus (p=.044, FWE corrected). This association remained significant after controlling for TST and MEQ. Moreover, greater GMV in this cluster was associated with poorer planning and sequencing on TOL in terms of excess moves (r=.357, p=.017), and faster response times (r=-.356, p=.018), suggesting impulsivity.

Conclusion
Later bedtime was associated with greater GMV of the orbitofrontal cortex, even after controlling for TST and chronotype, and this pattern was associated with greater impulsiveness and poorer planning. The causal direction of the relationship between bedtime and executive deficits remains unclear and will require further research. However, it is clear that sleep patterns, brain structure, and behavior are intimately related.

Support
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Young Faculty Award: DARPA-12-12-11-YFA11-FP-029