bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-temperature synthesis, structural characteristic of magnesium ferrite
Authors: Mahale Vinay , Raut A V , Surashe V K , Nimbhore S R , Dorik R G , Shengule D R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The present paper deals with the synthesis and the structural characterization of magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) the synthesis of MgFe2O4 was carried out by well-known sol-gel auto-combustion method in which citric acid was used as a chelating agent. The as obtained powder of MgFe2O4 was then annealed at 500° C for 4 h to improve the crystallinity and remove the impurities. The annealed powder of MgFe2O4 was then subjected to X-ray diffraction study in order to know the phase purity and crystal structure. The X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) reveals the presence of those reflections which belongs to cubic spinel structure. The analysis of XRD pattern proves that the prepared MgFe2O4 powder is nanocrystalline in nature and possesses single phase cubic spinel structure. Using the XRD data the structural parameters like lattice constant, unit cell volume, X-ray density, hopping length, tetra edge and octa edge etc. structural parameters were determined. The obtained structural parameters are in good agreement to that reported in the literature. The crystallite size was also obtained by standard Sherrer’s formula and was found to be 22 nanometre. Thus, the nanocrystalline nature of MgFe2O4 was obtained through sol-gel auto-combustion method and the X-ray diffraction study reveals the single phase cubic spinel structure.
Investigation on Synthesis, Structural and Electrical properties of Zinc Ferrite on Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Kalunge Santosh , Humbe Ashok V. , Khedkar Mangesh V. , More S. D. , Keche A. P. , Pandit A. A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the view of magnetic materials application, ferrites are the most attention-grabbing materials therefore in the present work nanocrystalline Zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) was prepared by sol-gel auto combustion technique. The synthesis was carried out by using citric acid as a chelating agent and nitrates as oxidant. The preparation of zinc ferrite was done at a sufficiently low temperature of 1000C. To get the good crystallinity and ferrite phase formation of prepared nanopowder was sintered at 5500C for 4 hours and then used for structural and electric investigations. Prepared ZnFe2O4 sample have been irradiated by a gamma-ray source (60Co) to examine the changes that occurred in structural and electrical properties. These changes on gamma irradiation were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and two probe technique respectively. From XRD patterns, it was observed that the lattice constant and average crystallite size decrease after gamma irradiation. DC electrical resistivity after gamma irradiation revealed that the charge carrier concentration and activation energy of zinc ferrite increases whereas drift mobility (µ) decreases.
Effects of temperature and humidity on electrical properties of proton conducting KH2PO4 / SiO2 composites
Authors: Gupta Anubha , Malik K , Kumar R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the present work the temperature and humidity effects on electrical properties of KH2PO4/SiO2 composites have been studied. Composite nature of the system has been confirmed by the XRD patterns. Wagner’s polarization method confirms the ionic conduction in the prepared systems. Temperature and humidity dependent ac conductivity was measured by using complex impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 10 Hz to 105 Hz. In pure KH2PO4 the conductivity is influenced by the hopping of the proton through defects while in KH2PO4/SiO2 composite systems, the conductivity of composite system is governed by hydrophilicity below 130 0C. In the present composite systems, absorption of KH2PO4 takes place at the surface of silica which produce defects near the salt KH2PO4/oxide Sio2 interface. The transition temperature of composite was found to be decreased in comparison to the pure KDP.
Visible Light Driven Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Nanoparticles Prepared via Gel-Combustion Process
Authors: Somwanshi Saurabh B. , Somvanshi Sandeep B. , Kharat Prashant B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A facile and cost-effective preparation of nanoscale TiO2 with enhanced surface area was achieved through gel-combustion technique assisted via glycine as a fuel. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the anatase phase and nanocrystalline formation of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). Using N2 adsorption-desorption curve, the enhanced surface area (54.3m2g−1) of TiO2 NPs was noted. Visible light driven photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 NPs for the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye was studied. The complete degradation of MB dye under sunlight irradiation was achieved in 120min. All the outcomes show that prepared TiO2 nanoparticles have excellent visible light driven photocatalytic activity for the active degradation of MB dye.
Gas sensing behavior of ZnO thick film sensor towards H2S, NH3, LPG and CO2.
Authors: Onkar S G , Nagdeote S B , Wadatkar A S , Kharat Prashant B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Abstract - ZnO is synthesized by microwave assisted technique. The XRD, TEM, SAED and SEM characterization of sample is carried out for studying crystal structure, particle size, crystalline nature and surface morphology of ZnO samples. The thick films of ZnO sample were fabricated by screen printing technique and its I-V characteristics and electrical conductivity were studied. The gas sensing response of ZnO thick film sensor towards 450 ppm of H2S, LPG, NH3 and CO2 gas was investigated. The thick film showed response 15 towards H2S at 150 0C, response 3 to NH3, response 2 for LPG and no response to CO2. The variation of response with H2S concentration was also studied. The response time and recovery time of sensor was 70 second. It was selective to H2S in presence of LPG, NH3 and CO2 gases. The thick film showed good reproducibility and stability for H2S.
Study on the radiation shielding features of some chemical compounds
Authors: Huse S. D. , Obaid S. S. , Joshi A. A. , Gaikwad D. K. , Pawar P. P. , Shitre A.R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the present work, radiation shielding features of some chemical compounds were studied in terms mass attenuation coefficient (urn), total atomic cross section (6t), electronic cross section (6e), effective atomic number (Zeff) and Effective electron density (Neff). Measurement was done using transmission experiment includes NaI (Tl) detector and radioactive sources. Measured results of were compared with theoretical results obtained from XCOM code. Gamma ray sourcesemit energies 122KeV to 1330 KeV were used to irradiate inorganic materials.Behavior of the selected compounds with incident energy was studied in detailed. Obtained shielding parameters were observed to vary with the intensity of photons and decreased with increment of energy. From the measured results, it is observed that Barium sulfateand ferric oxide have the highest mass attenuation coefficient (µm) as compared to other materials.Finally, it was suggested that barium sulfate and ferric oxide are good candidates in the preparation of efficient gamma ray shielding materials.
Impact of low-level fine particulate matter and ozone exposure on absences in K-12 students and economic consequences
Authors: Mendoza Daniel L , Pirozzi Cheryl S , Crosman Erik T , Liou Theodore G , Zhang Yue , Cleeves Jessica J , Bannister Stephen C , Anderegg William R L , Robert Paine III 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
High air pollution levels are associated with school absences. However, low level pollution impacts on individual school absences are under-studied. Understanding the variability of pollution at individual schools within an urban region could improve school recess decisions, better identify local pollution sources, and improve local economic impact assessments by providing granular information relevant to specific schools. We modelled PM2.5 and ozone concentrations at 36 schools from July 2015 to June 2018 using data from a dense, research grade regulatory sensor network. We determined exposures and daily absences at each school. We used a generalized estimating equations model to retrospectively estimate rate ratios for association between outdoor pollutant concentrations and school absences. We estimated lost school revenue, productivity, and family economic burden. PM2.5 and ozone concentrations and absence rates vary across the School District. Pollution exposure was associated with a rate ratio as high as 1.02 absences per μg m−3 and 1.01 per ppb increase for PM2.5 and ozone, respectively. Significantly, even PM2.5 and ozone exposure below the air quality index breakpoints for good air quality (<12.1 μg m−3 and <55 ppb, respectively) was associated with positive rate ratios of absences: 1.04 per μg m−3 and 1.01 per ppb increase, respectively. Granular local measurements enabled demonstration of air pollution impacts that varied between schools and were undetectable with averaged pollution levels. Reducing pollution by 50% would save $426 000 per year districtwide. Pollution reduction benefits would be greatest in schools located in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. Heterogeneity in exposure, disproportionately affecting socioeconomically disadvantaged schools, points to the need for fine resolution exposure estimation. The economic cost of absences associated with air pollution is substantial even excluding indirect costs such as hospital visits and medication. These findings may help elucidate the differential burden on individual schools and inform local decisions about recess and regulatory considerations for localized pollution sources.
Distribution and bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Hg, Cd and Pb) in fish: influence of the aquatic environment and climate
Authors: Moiseenko T I , Gashkina N A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are toxic metals that continue to attract much attention because they are prone to be accumulated in fish tissues and can harm human health if taken up with food. Data acquired by studying the bioaccumulation of these metals in the various fish species from water bodies along a latitudinal gradient in Russia (from northern Arctic lakes to the southern mouth segments of the Volga River) are utilized to identify general tendencies and specifics in the accumulation of toxic metals depending on the aquatic environment and temperature. Results demonstrate that small quantities of the metals are accumulated in various functionally important organs: Hg is enriched in the liver and muscles, Cd in the kidneys and gills, and Pb in the kidneys and liver. The metals are proved to be simultaneously accumulated in all organs and tissues of the organism, and this reflects the uptake of the metals by the organism and their subsequent distribution in it. The aquatic environment and fish habitats affect the elements’ bioavailability. The metals are more significantly accumulated in predatory fish. At low Hg concentrations in the water, statistically significant dependences were identified between Hg accumulated in predatory fish organisms and concentrations of organic matter in the water. Cd is more bioavailable in waters with low pH. Pb displays the strongest dependence of its bioaccumulation in low-salinity water. Extensive data on fish in water bodies occurring in large territories in Russia, from the Arctic to warm southern latitudes, indicate that climate affects the intensity of Hg accumulation, whereas the accumulation of the other metals also depends on the Ca concentrations, with the uptake of these metals being more significant at low Ca concentrations. Concentrations of toxic metals in the muscles of the fish were below the values critical to food to be consumed by humans.
Fluctuations and non-Hermiticity in the stochastic approach to quantum spins
Authors: Begg S E , Green A G , Bhaseen M J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of isolated quantum spin systems via an exact mapping to classical stochastic differential equations. We show that one can address significantly larger system sizes than recently obtained, including two-dimensional systems with up to 49 spins. We demonstrate that the results for physical observables are in excellent agreement with exact results and alternative numerical techniques where available. We further develop a hybrid stochastic approach involving matrix product states. In the presence of finite numerical sampling, we show that the non-Hermitian character of the stochastic representation leads to the growth of the norm of the time-evolving quantum state and to departures for physical observables at late times. We demonstrate approaches that correct for this and discuss the prospects for further development.
Design and Structural Analysis of Truck Frame
Authors: Padmanabhan S , Reddy Harsha Vardhan , Undamatla Sri Charan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The chassis construction is the larger element in every automobile, it integrates the heavy vehicle main systems such as the power train, drive axles, suspension and trailer. The vehicle structural shape dependent on this skeleton, it absorbs the impacts from front, side and overturn effects. There are many industrialized sectors using this truck as means of transportation for logistics, agricultures, factories and other industries. In this paper, two different material was adopted on the C-section truck frame design. Mild steel and Titanium alloy were structurally analysed on the heavy truck frame through finite element analysis. The results were compared and the best truck chassis material was identified with lower stress and deflection.
Identification and Analysis of Blood Group with Digital Microscope Using Image Processing
Authors: Jayakumar P , Padmanabhan S , Suthendran K , Kumar Yeddu Nitish , Sujith Mada 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Blood group identification is an essential examination for transfusion and also for lot of health check procedures. Conventional micro plate system is painstaking. In this study, an automatic moving conveyor belt setup was developed to assist the diagnosis procedure. Blood group identification is done based on the images acquired through light microscopes. A blood distribution on polystyrene coated bio paper and the captured image data has been analysed using Image Acquisition software. The image morphological patterns were analysed to obtain the identification blood group by capturing its microstructure. At end of each test, based on the clumping and its image morphology of the corresponding colour coding was analysed to identify the blood groups. The focus on the present study is to investigate the chance of quick and precise, sensitivity and concurrent identification of blood group will weigh up its usefulness in the routine use.
Crash Analysis on Automobile Bumpers
Authors: Kannan V. Sathish , Surendar J. Shenbaga , Sundaram S C Meenakshi , Jegadeeswer S. , Venkatesh R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Bumper is one of the essential parts in an automobile. During collision, bumper is used as a protection shield to safeguard passengers and the body of the vehicle. We know that, death in accident is very common not only in India but also all over the world. Therefore, safety of passengers and automobile body must be considered as primary criteria at the time of vehicle design. ABS is a material which has high impact strength which is used for manufacturing automobile bumper. In this research, we endeavour to analyse three different front bumpers of expensive cars which are highly competitive in the automobile market. CATIA V5R21 is the software used for modelling the bumpers and ANSYS 19.2 is used for analysing each bumper with appropriate velocities. In this research, thickness of all the bumpers is considered as 5 mm and the concrete wall where it is collided to make impact collision is of thickness 10 mm. By using explicit dynamic condition with exact boundary conditions, we determine the best or optimistic design by comparing the results of various factors such as equivalent stress, total deformation, directional deformation and equivalent plastic strain.
Processing and Testing of Aluminum based Hybrid Surface Composites by Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Devanathan C. , Shankar E. , Sivanand A. , Haribabu B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The ever increasing service necessities in industries like automobile and aerospace demands the engineers to use the aluminium based composites which are reinforced by either single or mixture of ceramic particles. When hybrid reinforcements are used, the resulting composites are having superior mechanical properties. In the present experimental work, the Al 5083 was reinforced by Titanium oxide and aluminium oxide to the depth of 2mm and processed by solid state friction stir processing technique. To prepare the surface composites, three non-consumable rotating tools were used with different tool pin profile such as square, straight cylinder and taper cylinder. The other parameters like tool rotational speed, tool traverse speed, number of passes were maintained uniform. Totally three workpieces were processed in order to inspect the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and micro hardness. The test results shown that the square tool pin has delivered the highest strength and hardness than the other tool pin profile. The micro hardness test results showed that the hardness of the reinforced zone is higher than unreinforced region.
Comparative Study On Mechanical Behaviour Of Synthetic, Natural And Hybrid Composite Laminates
Authors: Rajamurugu N , Karthikeyan P , Aakash A , Meshak A Abhilash , Ajithkumar K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Composites play a significant role as an engineering material and their use has been increasing day by day due to their specific properties such as high strength to weight ratios, high modulus to weight ratio, corrosion resistance and wear resistance. In composite material matrix and fiber play an important role; as the load is taken by matrix and transmitted to the reinforcement. Reinforcement can be either synthetic or natural fiber. Manufacturing of synthetic fibers is harmful from the environmental point of view; hence recent research work is focused on the use of natural fiber as reinforcement. In this current work jute as natural fiber taken into account for reinforcement along with synthetic glass fiber along with LY556 Epoxy resin and HY951 hardener. Three types of composites materials were prepared such as Glass-Epoxy unidirectional, Jute-Epoxy, Glass & Jute Epoxy hybrid composite laminates had been prepared using hand lay-up process and the testing was done by using ASTM Standards. The major properties that govern the strength of composites materials are tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, and vibration characteristics. The content of natural and synthetic reinforcement was found to be 60% and 40% respectively. The experimental results show that the Glass & jute Epoxy composites give the major withstanding capacity for tension and flexural test. Vibration test exhibits higher natural frequency, but in compression test Glass epoxy reflects its higher mechanical strength, whereas in compression test delamination occurs. The additional use of jute with glass reduces the cost and thus it is eco-friendly.
Tribological behaviour of aluminum alloy (AA7075) based hybrid composites
Authors: Saravanan S , Sreenithi A , Ajitha M , Ilakkiyal R , Narmatha S R , Rajkumar S , Karthikeyan K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
All over the world, numerous applications in the field of aerospace and structural constructions are carried out using metal matrix composites as a suitable alternate for traditional materials. The preparation of AA7075/TiB2/MoS2 hybrid composites was carried by stir casting technique. The mechanical properties of the fabricated hybrid composites have been improved by the addition of reinforcement. The aerospace applications involve high load bearing capacity and corrosive resistance in their components. Wear performance of the hybrid composite was examined by using pin-on disc machine for identifying influential process parameters and optimum results of lower wear rate were observed for the combination of higher reinforcement. The SEM image of wear surface analysis of hybrid composites describes the abrasive wear mechanism.
Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites – A Review
Authors: Karthick K , Bharathidhasan D , Ashok Kumar R , Mohamed Jaffarsha F , Sreeraam M , Surya Prakash K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Light weight Aluminium alloys are extensively used in aircraft, supercars, and marine applications owing to its corrosion resistance and density. However, the mechanical properties like stiffness, tensile properties and tribological characteristics are far inferior than steels and titanium alloys. The tribomechanical properties of existing Aluminium alloys can be improved by adding suitable reinforcement agent and heat treatment techniques. In this review, effect of different reinforcement on mechanical properties and tribological characteristics of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites (AMMC) were discussed in detail. Also, various fabrication processing techniques like solid state processing, liquid state processing and in-situ processing on tribological behavior of AMMC is discussed.
Biodiesel Production from Mixed Elengi and Pongamia Oil using Calcined Waste Animal Bone as a Novel Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Anand M , Deepanraj B , Ranjitha J , Noor M M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Recently, researchers have shown more interest towards biodiesel production from non-edible vegetable oils. The main advantages of biodiesel as a fuel includes biodegradability, non-toxicity, renewability and low emission profiles. In this study, crude mixed oil was used as feedstock for biodiesel production using Heterogeneous Catalyst synthesized from waste animal bone. Initially, mechanical extraction process was used to extract the crude mixed oil from the seeds of Mimusops elengi, and Pongamia pinnata. The crude oil collected from different plant species was characterized using GC-MS spectral data to identify their fatty acid composition. Consequently, the mixed crude oil was converted into biodiesel in the presence of calcinated heterogeneous catalyst obtained from waste animal bone and the catalyst was characterized by SEM, XRD and FTIR spectral data. The effect of variables including methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and rate of mixing on the biodiesel yield was evaluated and optimized. The characteristics biodiesel obtained from mixed oil were close to commercial diesel fuel and used as an alternative to diesel in near future.
Productivity and Bioenergy Potential Assessment of Microalgae from Waste Stabilization Ponds
Authors: Padmapriya P , Kumar K.M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study focused on the characterization of microalgae for bioenergy production and waste water treatment nutrient removal (from waste stabilization ponds). The dry biomass, lipid content and fatty acids in the microalgae were evaluated using centrifuge, Solvent extraction method and Gas Chromatography analysis method respectively. The Diatom numulloides sp with high lipid content and high productivity makes it suitable for future development by growing it in photo bioreactors to treat both municipal and industrial waste water and to produce biofuel making more benefits to human beings.