bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to completing oral glucose tolerance testing in women at risk of gestational diabetes
Authors: Lachmann E. H. , Fox R. A. , Dennison R. A. , Usher‐Smith J. A. , Meek C. L. , Aiken C. E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimComplications of gestational diabetes (GDM) can be mitigated if the diagnosis is recognized. However, some at‐risk women do not complete antenatal diagnostic oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT). We aimed to understand reasons contributing to non‐completion, particularly to identify modifiable factors.MethodsSome 1906 women attending a tertiary UK obstetrics centre (2018–2019) were invited for OGTT based on risk‐factor assessment. Demographic information, test results and reasons for non‐completion were collected from the medical record. Logistic regression was used to analyse factors associated with non‐completion.ResultsSome 242 women (12.3%) did not complete at least one OGTT, of whom 32.2% (n = 78) never completed testing. In adjusted analysis, any non‐completion was associated with younger maternal age [≤ 30 years; odds ratio (OR) 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–3.4; P < 0.001], Black African ethnicity (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–5.5; P = 0.011), lower socio‐economic status (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.8–1.0; P = 0.021) and higher parity (≥ 2; OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–2.8; P = 0.013). Non‐completion was more likely if testing indications included BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.4; P = 0.009) or family history of diabetes (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5–3.3; P < 0.001) and less likely if the indication was an ultrasound finding (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.9; P = 0.035). We identified a common overlapping cluster of reasons for non‐completion, including inability to tolerate test protocol (21%), social/mental health issues (22%), and difficulty keeping track of multiple antenatal appointments (15%).ConclusionsThere is a need to investigate methods of testing that are easier for high‐risk groups to schedule and tolerate, with fuller explanation of test indications and additional support for vulnerable groups.
Changes in incidence of severe hypoglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes from 2006 to 2016: analysis based on health insurance data in Germany considering the anti‐hyperglycaemic medication
Authors: Müller N. , Lehmann T. , Klöss A. , Günster C. , Kloos C. , Müller U. A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the incidence of severe hypoglycaemia over the past 10 years, taking into account changes in anti‐hyperglycaemic therapy.MethodsThis retrospective population‐based study used German health insurance data. All adults diagnosed with documented type 2 diabetes (extrapolated to the German population: 6.6 million in 2006; 7.9 million in 2011; 8.86 million in 2016) were screened for severe hypoglycaemia. Anti‐hyperglycaemic agents were identified by Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) code.ResultsThe event rate for severe hypoglycaemia was 460 per 100 000 people in 2006, 490 per 100 000 in 2011 and 360 per 100 000 in 2016. The proportion of people with severe hypoglycaemia receiving sulfonylureas, as well as receiving combination therapy of metformin and sulfonylureas decreased from 2006 to 2016 (23.6% vs. 6.2%) Among those with severe hypoglycaemia in 2006, there were no prescriptions for dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists or sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) agonists. The proportions of people with severe hypoglycaemia receiving DPP‐4 inhibitors, GLP‐1 receptor agonists or SGLT2 agonists in 2011 and 2016 were low. The proportion of people receiving human insulin also decreased (from 11.3% in 2006 to 10.3% in 2011 and 4.3% in 2016); the proportion of people receiving insulin analogues increased from 5.4% in 2006 to 11.5% in 2016. Therapy with mixed insulins was used by 19.7% of people with severe hypoglycaemia in 2006, by 14.0% in 2011 and by 7.3% in 2016. People undergoing therapy with insulin analogues have the highest risk of severe hypoglycaemia adjusted by age, gender, nephropathy diagnosis and year of survey [odds ratio (OR) 14.4, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 13.5–15.5].ConclusionThe incidence of severe hypoglycaemic events in Germany increased between 2006 and 2011, and decreased in 2016.
Empathy of dental students towards children after behaviour guidance lectures and clinical experience
Authors: Souror Yasser R. , Aljehani Dareen K. , Alshaikh Malath H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe empathetic behaviour of dentists is essential for perfect patient care. Because the behaviour of child patients in a dental clinic differs from that exhibited by the adults, knowing of empathy of dental students towards the child in the dental clinic is an important concern.MethodsWe distributed a modified form of the Health Professions Student version (HPS‐version) of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) to dental students in two rounds: (R1) before and (R2) after introducing behaviour guidance subcourse and exposure to 3 clinical experiences with children to measure changes in empathy of dental students towards child patients. The modifications include replacing the “patient” words with “child patients” and translation into Arabic. We checked the internal consistency of the modified form of HPS‐version by Cronbach's coefficient alpha test. The significance level was set at 0.05 for all statistical analyses.ResultsOut of eighty‐one, sixty‐five dental students completed the survey and attended a behaviour guidance course and three clinical sessions. The questionnaire showed accepted reliability. There was a significant decrease in the empathy of dental students in R2 than R1 (P < .05). The level of empathy for males was less than female students in both rounds (P < .05).ConclusionsThe clinical interaction of children by dental students inhibits their empathy towards child patients, and a specific training course is needed to improve dental students’ empathy towards children since learning behaviour guidance may not sufficient.
Network meta‐analysis of first‐line treatments in transplant‐ineligible multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Gil‐Sierra Manuel David , Gimeno‐Ballester Vicente , Fenix‐Caballero Silvia , Alegre‐Del Rey Emilio Jesus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesMultiple myeloma (MM) is a complex disease. Lack of direct comparisons among treatments and incorporation of new alternatives make it necessary to perform studies that allow for clinical decision‐making. A network meta‐analysis (NMA) was developed to evaluate the comparative efficacy among different therapeutic alternatives in newly diagnosed transplant‐ineligible MM patients.MethodsMEDLINE® and EMBASE® were systematically searched up for these drugs: lenalidomide, thalidomide, bortezomib, and daratumumab. Comparative phase II‐III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. Progression‐free survival (PFS) was selected as efficacy outcome. The NMA was developed using Bayesian methods. Fixed‐ and random‐effects models were assessed using deviance information criteria.ResultsThe systematic search yielded 593 results. Ten RCTs were included. No differences were observed between fixed‐ and random‐effects models. The combination of daratumumab, bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone showed the best HR in PFS (reference treatment). Along with this scheme, the best PFS results were obtained by combination of daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (HR 1.2, 95% CrI 0.64‐2.4) and bortezomib with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (HR 1.6, 95% CrI 0.81‐3.0). ConclusionsSchemes with the best PFS results were daratumumab treatments and combination of bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone, although the latter scheme has been analyzed in heterogeneous populations.
Seascape genomics as a new tool to empower coral reef conservation strategies: An example on north‐western PacificAcropora digitifera
Authors: Selmoni Oliver , Rochat Estelle , Lecellier Gael , Berteaux‐Lecellier Veronique , Joost Stéphane 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCoral reefs are suffering a major decline due to the environmental constraints imposed by climate change. Over the last 20 years, three major coral bleaching events occurred in concomitance with anomalous heatwaves, provoking a severe loss of coral cover worldwide. The conservation strategies for preserving reefs, as they are implemented now, cannot cope with global climatic shifts. Consequently, researchers are advocating for preservation networks to be set‐up to reinforce coral adaptive potential. However, the main obstacle to this implementation is that studies on coral adaption are usually hard to generalize at the scale of a reef system. Here, we study the relationships between genotype frequencies and environmental characteristics of the sea (seascape genomics), in combination with connectivity analysis, to investigate the adaptive potential of a flagship coral species of the Ryukyu Archipelago (Japan). By associating genotype frequencies with descriptors of historical environmental conditions, we discovered six genomic regions hosting polymorphisms that might promote resistance against heat stress. Remarkably, annotations of genes in these regions were consistent with molecular roles associated with heat responses. Furthermore, we combined information on genetic and spatial distances between reefs to predict connectivity at a regional scale. The combination of these results portrayed the adaptive potential of this population: we were able to identify reefs carrying potential heat stress adapted genotypes and to understand how they disperse to neighbouring reefs. This information was summarized by objective, quantifiable and mappable indices covering the whole region, which can be extremely useful for future prioritization of reefs in conservation planning. This framework is transferable to any coral species on any reef system and therefore represents a valuable tool for empowering preservation efforts dedicated to the protection of coral reefs in warming oceans.
Sources of epigenetic variation and their applications in natural populations
Authors: Angers Bernard , Perez Maëva , Menicucci Tatiana , Leung Christelle 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEpigenetic processes manage gene expression and products in a real‐time manner, allowing a single genome to display different phenotypes. In this paper, we discussed the relevance of assessing the different sources of epigenetic variation in natural populations. For a given genotype, the epigenetic variation could be environmentally induced or occur randomly. Strategies developed by organisms to face environmental fluctuations such as phenotypic plasticity and diversified bet‐hedging rely, respectively, on these different sources. Random variation can also represent a proxy of developmental stability and can be used to assess how organisms deal with stressful environmental conditions. We then proposed the microbiome as an extension of the epigenotype of the host to assess the factors determining the establishment of the community of microorganisms. Finally, we discussed these perspectives in the applied context of conservation.
First report of equine parvovirus‐hepatitis‐associated Theiler’s disease in Europe
Authors: Vengust Modest , Jager Mason C. , Zalig Valentina , Cociancich Vasilij , Laverack Melissa , Renshaw Randall W. , Dubovi Edward , Tomlinson Joy E. , Van de Walle Gerlinde R. , Divers Thomas J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundEquine parvovirus‐hepatitis (EqPV‐H) has been proposed as the aetiological cause of Theiler's disease, also known as serum hepatitis. EqPV‐H‐associated Theiler's disease has not been previously reported in Europe.ObjectivesTo determine whether EqPV‐H infection was associated with a 2018‐2019 outbreak of Theiler's disease in four horses on a studfarm.Study designDescriptive case series.MethodsThe medical records of four horses from the same farm diagnosed with fatal Theiler's disease were examined retrospectively. Information collected included a clinical history, physical examination findings, tetanus antitoxin exposure, serum biochemistry and necropsy reports. Liver tissue from all four horses was tested for EqPV‐H using PCR and in situ hybridisation (ISH) assays.ResultsThree of the horses had a history of recent (7‐11 weeks) tetanus antitoxin administration. Liver tissue from all four horses tested positive for EqPV‐H with PCR. In situ hybridisation revealed a widespread distribution of viral nucleic acid in hepatocytes in one case, and a more sporadic distribution in the remaining three cases.Main limitationsCase controls were not available from the farm in question given the retrospective nature of analysis.ConclusionsThis case series documents the first reported EqPV‐H‐associated Theiler's disease in Europe and the first use of ISH to visualise the viral nucleic acid in liver tissues of horses with Theiler's disease.
The prevalence of uveitis in a population of donkeys in the UK
Authors: Bradley Claire , Grundon Rachael , Sansom Philip G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundUveitis is reported to be a leading cause of blindness in horses. Little work has been undertaken to date to investigate whether donkeys are affected by a similar disease prevalence.ObjectivesTo investigate the disease prevalence of uveitis in a population of donkeys in the UK.Study designDescriptive observational study.MethodsAn ophthalmic examination was performed on each donkey, in a darkened stable. Each donkey underwent slit lamp biomicroscopy, and direct and/or indirect ophthalmoscopy. Fluorescein staining, STT1 and IOPs were measured when deemed clinically necessary. Pharmacological pupillary dilation was achieved using 1% tropicamide.ResultsA total of 207 donkeys were examined: 139 males (67.1%) and 68 females (32.9%). Age range was 2‐37 years (median: 17 years, interquartile range: 9‐25 years). Three donkeys (1.5%) were blind in one eye, and one was monocular at the time of examination. Signs consistent with either previous or current uveitis were identified in eight eyes of six animals (2.9%). Clinical signs included are as follows: miosis (n = 1), corpora nigra atrophy (n = 6), anterior lens capsule pigment (n = 2), cataract (n = 8), posterior synechiae (n = 3), lens subluxation (n = 1), vitreal changes (n = 2), peripapillary scarring (n = 3) and phthisis bulbi (n = 1). Significant ocular pathology precluded fundic examination in three eyes. Three out of eight eyes (37.5%) were blinded by the pathology. The risk of uveitis was found to increase with age (OR 1.1, CI: 1.01‐1.25) on univariable analysis (P = .046.).Main limitationsFluorescein staining, tonometry and Schirmer tear test measurements were not performed on all donkeys.ConclusionsThe disease prevalence reported here is comparable to that reported for horses in the UK. Larger prospective studies are necessary to determine whether there is a similar trend in disease prevalence in the donkey population worldwide. In addition, further investigations should aim to establish whether uveitis in donkeys is similar to the ERU syndrome seen in horses.
Acute, subacute and chronic sequelae of horses accidentally exposed to monensin‐contaminated feed
Authors: Gy Clémentine , Leclere Mathilde , Bélanger Marie‐Claude , Allano Marion , Beauchamp Guy , Lavoie Jean‐Pierre 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundMonensin is highly toxic to horses and inadvertent ingestion can result in cardiac injury and death.ObjectivesTo describe sequelae of monensin ingestion and to determine clinical predictors of outcome.Study designObservational clinical study.MethodsPhysical examination, electrocardiogram and echocardiography were performed on 76 horses accidentally exposed to monensin‐contaminated feed. Four horses were examined within 14 days of exposure (acute period), 29 horses were examined between 15 and 45 days post‐exposure (subacute period) and 70 horses were examined 4‐10 months after exposure (chronic period). Follow‐up information was obtained for 56 horses by telephone interviews approximately 16 months after exposure.ResultsCardiac abnormalities were detected in 4/4, 19/29 and 31/70 horses during the acute, subacute and chronic periods, respectively. Sixteen months post‐exposure, 34 of the 64 horses (53%) for which the outcome was known had returned to their previous use, 13 (20%) were reported to be exercise intolerant, three (5%) were retired and 14 (22%) were dead (two deaths, 12 euthanasia). Thinning of the myocardium observed at any point in time was associated with a negative outcome. Heterogeneity of the myocardium observed in the acute/subacute period was associated with a negative outcome while subjective contractile intraventricular dyssynchrony, cardiac chamber dilation, decreased fractional shortening and multiple premature ventricular complexes observed in the chronic period were associated with a negative outcome. Some horses with significant changes associated with a negative outcome in the chronic phase still returned to their previous work.Main limitationsNo control group and only 27 horses were examined more than once.ConclusionsClinical outcome of horses exposed to sublethal doses of monensin is highly variable. The presence of heterogeneity and thinning of the myocardium shortly after intoxication were associated with a negative outcome.
Murine dorsal hair type is genetically determined by polymorphisms in candidate genes that influence BMP and WNT signalling
Authors: Villani Rehan M. , Johnson Ayaka , Galbraith Jack A. , Baz Betoul , Handoko Herlina Y. , Walker Graeme J. , Khosrotehrani Kiarash 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMouse dorsal coat hair types, guard, awl, auchene and zigzag, develop in three consecutive waves. To date, it is unclear if these hair types are determined genetically through expression of specific factors or can change based on their mesenchymal environment. We undertook a novel approach to this question by studying individual hair type in 67 Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse lines and found significant variation in the proportion of each type between strains. Variation in the proportion of zigzag, awl and auchene, but not guard hair, was largely due to germline genetic variation. We utilised this variation to map a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 12 that appears to influence a decision point switch controlling the propensity for either second (awl and auchene) or third wave (zigzag) hairs to develop. This locus contains two strong candidates, Sostdc1 and Twist1, each of which carry several ENCODE regulatory variants, specific to the causal allele, that can influence gene expression, are expressed in the developing hair follicle, and have been previously reported to be involved in regulating human and murine hair behaviour, but not hair subtype determination. Both of these genes are likely to play a part in hair type determination via regulation of BMP and/or WNT signalling.
Beyond antibodies: B cells in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Bystanders, contributors or therapeutic targets?
Authors: Frew John W. , Grand David , Navrazhina Kristina , Krueger James G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis in which B cells play a prominent but unclear role. Our understanding of the role of B cells in innate and adaptive immunity (including antibody production, antigen presentation and effector functions) is rapidly evolving; and these novel findings require integration into the pathophysiologic model of HS. B cells are transiently present in normal human skin and have functions in the maintenance of innate cutaneous immunity. Recruitment and trafficking of B cells in significant numbers to skin is mediated via B cell‐specific chemokines as well as shared signalling with T‐cells. The evidence suggests that the presence of antibody‐secreting B cells is not sufficient to induce clinical disease and T‐cell interaction is required to induce clinical disease. Such interactions can occur in secondary lymphoid organs adjacent to involved tissue or in tertiary lymphoid organs which develop in response to the HS inflammatory milieu. This milieu directly mediates the types of antibodies produced by B cells, given the role of cytokines in B‐cell class switching. Identified antibodies in HS (IgG, IgM, ASCA, ACPA) currently demonstrate no evidence of pathogenicity, but may be novel biomarkers for disease severity. B cells also have anti‐inflammatory properties through production of IL‐10 and IL‐35 which require experimental validation. Overall, B cells in HS are likely to be involved in amplification of a pre‐existing inflammatory response; but it remains unclear whether they may be directly pathogenic.
Prescription patterns of first‐ and second‐generation antipsychotic drugs in the French population
Authors: Kovess‐Masfety Viviane , Balusson Frédéric , Leray Emmanuelle , Husky Mathilde , Scailteux Lucie‐Marie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study assessed in depth the use of first‐ and second‐generation antipsychotic (FGAP/SGAP) drugs in France. A 1/97th random sample of beneficiaries affiliated to the French Health Insurance system—Echantillon Généraliste des Bénéficiaires (EGB)—was used: (i) 621 662 persons in 2015 among which 11 319 had an antipsychotic (AP) prescription; (ii) a sample of first AP prescriptions concerning 5 935 patients in 2013 and 2014 (no AP in the last 6 months of 2012) for whom diagnosis was available in 40% of cases. In 2015, AP prevalence was 21.9/1 000. SGAP/FGAP ratio was 1.02. Long‐lasting prescriptions were rare: 1.79/1 000 for FGAP and 1.38/1 000 for SGAP. FGAP first prescriptions were higher than SGAP for each age class, except for <18 aged patients; 2.85% had both generations; 50.7% of the patients had another psychotropic. GPs prescribed more FGAPs than SGAPs, psychiatrists prescribed more SGAPs and hospital‐based practitioners prescribed both generations equally, and these patterns changed across age ranges: For the elderly, GPs are the more frequent prescribers. SGAP/FGAP ratio is different by diagnostic categories. In France, FGAPs are largely prescribed by GPs mainly for the elderly, but young and adult patients are concerned as well. Inappropriate antipsychotic consumption through off‐label use, which adds to the co‐prescription, especially in vulnerable population groups, mainly concerns FGAP prescriptions by GPs who do not have psychiatric training and limited contact with psychiatrists. Attention should then be brought to the regulatory advisory agencies in order to better inform and train the prescribers.
Bupivacaine inhibits angiogenesis through oxidative stress‐dependent inhibition of Akt/mTOR and activation of AMPK
Authors: Zhu Qiong , Zhu Guanhua , Xu Wei , Dan Jiapeng , Xia Rui , Liu Weiwei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough substantial evidence shows the link of local anesthesia and decreased tumor recurrence, the role of amide‐linked local anesthetics, particularly bupivacaine, on angiogenesis (a hallmark of tumor progression and metastasis) has not been revealed. In this work, we demonstrate the anti‐angiogenic activity of bupivacaine and its underlying mechanism in endothelial cells. We show that bupivacaine inhibits early stage of capillary network formation via suppressing endothelial cell migration without affecting adhesion to matrix. Bupivacaine also inhibits endothelial cell growth and survival. Mechanism analysis indicates that bupivacaine inhibits mitochondrial respiration via decreasing mitochondrial respiratory activity of complex I and II but not IV or V, resulting in energy depletion, oxidative stress, inhibition of Akt/mTOR, and activation of AMPK pathway. The rescue of an antioxidant NAC on the effects of bupivacaine confirms that bupivacaine inhibits angiogenesis through oxidative stress‐dependent inhibition of Akt/mTOR and activation of AMPK. Our work clearly demonstrates the inhibitory effects of bupivacaine on angiogenesis via targeting mitochondria. Our findings are in line with the previous work providing the preclinical evidence on how local anesthetics could influence the outcome of cancer patients.