bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of pepsin‐like acid protease quantification in aquaculture studies: a revision of available procedures and presentation of a new protocol for its assessment
Authors: Nolasco‐Soria Héctor , Nolasco‐Alzaga Héctor‐Rodrigo , Gisbert Enric 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAssessing the activity of acid pepsin‐like protease is a common procedure in many biological, physiological and nutritional studies in gastric fish species. After reviewing the available literature on fish digestive acid proteases (stomach acid pepsin‐like proteases), especially those species of relevance for aquaculture purposes, published during a time span of ten years (2008–2018), authors detected some possible methodological and/or interpretative inconsistencies in this kind of studies when quantifying pepsin‐like enzymes. Thus, we concluded that special attention should be paid on the following issues when assessing digestive acid protease activity: (i) the proper preparation of stomach extracts, (ii) the use of the proper reaction conditions at the normal range of physiological pH and temperature values, and (iii) the proper quantification of the number of peptide bonds hydrolyzed for acid protease unit calculation. The implementation of these recommendations, and the proposal of more suitable (previously tested) methodological steps, will promote the standardization of acid pepsin‐like protease analytical procedures, as well as improve the reliability of comparative studies dealing with this proteolytic enzyme between different fish species of aquacultural importance.
Consequences of physical inactivity in older adults: A systematic review of reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: Cunningham Conor , O' Sullivan Roger , Caserotti Paolo , Tully Mark A. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundGlobally, populations are ageing. Typically, physical activity levels decline and health worsens as we age; however, estimates of the impact of physical inactivity for population health often fail to specifically focus on older adults.MethodsMultiple databases were searched for systematic reviews and/or meta‐analyses of longitudinal observational studies, investigating the relationship between physical activity and any physical or mental health outcome in adults aged ≥60 years. Quality of included reviews was assessed using AMSTAR.ResultsTwenty‐four systematic reviews and meta‐analyses were included. The majority of reviews were of moderate or high methodological quality. Physically active older adults (≥60 years) are at a reduced risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality, breast and prostate cancer, fractures, recurrent falls, ADL disability and functional limitation and cognitive decline, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and depression. They also experience healthier ageing trajectories, better quality of life and improved cognitive functioning.ConclusionThis review of reviews provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of epidemiological evidence from previously conducted research to assess the associations of physical activity with physical and mental health outcomes in older adults.
What are women's political interests? Connecting theory to empirical approaches in cross‐national perspective
Authors: Palaguta Nika 
Published: February 2020

AbstractParliamentarians and other elected officials have the power to “act for” women and improve their substantive representation. Yet, women are not a homogeneous group with identical individual goals. Given the diversity of women, especially considering the social intersections within a multiplicity of socioeconomic and cultural arrangements across the globe, the identification of “women's political interests” worldwide is problematic. Does the concept of “women's interests” grasp the diversity of women's collective political demands? How can this concept be used to study women's substantive representation in legislative bodies? This article presents theoretical perspectives on the concept and their connection to empirical approaches to the identification of women's interests.
Co‐Ethnic and Neighborhood Ties and Financial Social Capital Formation Among the Urban Poor in Kenya
Authors: Kim Hye‐Sung 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveLacking access to formal institutions, the poor in developing countries often use informal savings groups to financially prepare for unexpected events. They often base these groups on social ties to reduce risks, which occur when group members do not make payments. This study examines whether Kenya's urban poor rely on social ties, such as co‐ethnicity and co‐residency, when forming informal savings groups.MethodsThis study uses list experiments on a sample of informal settlement residents in and around Nairobi.ResultsApproximately 28.7 percent and 17.5 percent of respondents would consider someone outside their ethnic group or informal settlement as a member of an informal savings group, respectively. Most respondents were reluctant to accept members without social ties, with greater reluctance against those outside the settlement.ConclusionsKenya's urban poor rely primarily on co‐residents for financial security, which elevates risk as they experience shocks simultaneously and cannot help one another.
Modeling and presenting incomplete and uncertain data on historical settlement units
Authors: Myrda Grzegorz , Szady Bogumił , Ławrynowicz Agnieszka 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhen entering information about changes of settlements in time into a database, we are dealing with direct facts from historical sources and with interpretations. The source information generally relates to an event or situation at a specific time. This means that we only fill in the parts of the timeline with data objects called (partial) manifestations; however, lack of data does not mean that settlement did not exist. It would take a lot of time to interpret and enter missing information manually. In this article we present a database schema, database procedures and algorithms to generate aggregated settlement unit manifestations in an automated way from their partial manifestations. As a result, it is possible to obtain a continuous history of a given settlement so as to present it on a map.
Emergency preparedness, resilience and response guidance for UK hospital transfusion teams
Authors: Doughty Heidi , Chowdhury Fateha ,   the National Blood Transfusion Committee Emergency Planning Working Group
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo present Emergency Preparedness, Resilience and Response (EPRR) guidance for Hospital Transfusion Teams on behalf of the National Blood Transfusion Committee emergency planning working group.BackgroundThe Civil Contingencies Act 2004 requires healthcare organisations to demonstrate that they can deal with major incidents while maintaining critical services. Recent mass casualty events and the use of transfusion‐based resuscitation have highlighted the evolving role of the Hospital Transfusion Team.MethodsThis multi‐disciplinary advice is informed by recent global and national experience, the 2018 NHS England clinical guidelines for Major Incidents, and stakeholder workshops.GuidanceTransfusion staff should be familiar with local EPRR plans including casualty type and numbers. Staff should be exercised as part of wider Trust preparation, with documented roles and responsibilities. Transfusion support should be proactive and include blood issue, regulatory compliance and sample handling. Robust LIMS‐compatible emergency identification systems are essential to minimise errors. Emergency stock management requires rapid assessment of existing stock and estimated demand before re‐ordering. Initial demand should be based on 2 to 4 red blood cells (RBC) per patient admitted. Patients with significant haemorrhage may require further red cells and early haemostatic support. Where “universal” components are demanded, they should be gender appropriate. Senior staff should lead the response, log and communicate key decisions, and prepare for post‐incident recovery.ConclusionsTransfusion teams have an important role in ensuring continuity of transfusion support. Teams should develop their EPRR plans based on local plans and national guidance. Emergency preparedness should include post‐incident debriefing for ongoing staff support and future service improvement.
The Interactions of Rational, Pragmatic Agents Lead to Efficient Language Structure and Use
Authors: Peloquin Benjamin N. , Goodman Noah D. , Frank Michael C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite their diversity, languages around the world share a consistent set of properties and distributional regularities. For example, the distribution of word frequencies, the distribution of syntactic dependency lengths, and the presence of ambiguity are all remarkably consistent across languages. We discuss a framework for studying how these system‐level properties emerge from local, in‐the‐moment interactions of rational, pragmatic speakers and listeners. To do so, we derive a novel objective function for measuring the communicative efficiency of linguistic systems in terms of the interactions of speakers and listeners. We examine the behavior of this objective in a series of simulations focusing on the communicative function of ambiguity in language. These simulations suggest that rational pragmatic agents will produce communicatively efficient systems and that interactions between such agents provide a framework for examining efficient properties of language structure and use more broadly.
Comparative functional analyses of DWARF14 and KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 in drought adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Li Weiqiang , Nguyen Kien Huu , Chu Ha Duc , Watanabe Yasuko , Osakabe Yuriko , Sato Mayuko , Toyooka Kiminori , Seo Mitsunori , Tian Lei , Tian Chunjie , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Tanaka Maho , Seki Motoaki , Tran Lam‐Son Phan 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARYFunctional analyses of various strigolactone‐deficient mutants have demonstrated that strigolactones enhance drought resistance; however, the mechanistic involvement of the strigolactone receptor DWARF14 (D14) in this trait remains elusive. In this study, loss‐of‐function analysis of the D14 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that d14 mutant plants were more drought‐susceptible than wild‐type plants, which was associated with their larger stomatal aperture, slower abscisic acid (ABA)‐mediated stomatal closure, lower anthocyanin content and delayed senescence under drought stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed a consistent alteration in the expression levels of many genes related to the observed physiological and biochemical changes in d14 plants when compared with the wild type under normal and dehydration conditions. A comparative drought resistance assay confirmed that D14 plays a less critical role in Arabidopsis drought resistance than its paralog karrikin receptor KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2). In‐depth comparative analyses of the single mutants d14 and kai2 and the double mutant d14 kai2, in relation to various drought resistance‐associated mechanisms, revealed that D14 and KAI2 exhibited a similar effect on stomatal closure. On the other hand, D14 had a lesser role in the maintenance of cell membrane integrity, leaf cuticle structure and ABA‐induced leaf senescence, but a greater role in drought‐induced anthocyanin biosynthesis, than KAI2. Interestingly, a possible additive relationship between D14 and KAI2 could be observed in regulating cell membrane integrity and leaf cuticle development. In addition, our findings also suggest the existence of a complex interaction between the D14 and ABA signaling pathways in the adaptation of Arabidopsis to drought.
Functional analysis of FRIGIDA using naturally occurring variation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zhang Lei , Jiménez‐Gómez José M. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe FRIGIDA locus (FRI, AT4G00650) has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis thaliana because of its role creating flowering time diversity. The FRI protein regulates flowering induction by binding partner proteins on its N‐terminus and C‐terminus domains and creating a supercomplex that promotes transcription of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Despite the knowledge accumulated on FRIGIDA (FRI), the function of the highly conserved central domain of the protein is still unknown. Functional characterization of naturally occurring DNA polymorphisms can provide useful information about the role of a protein and the localization of its operative domains. For FRI, loss‐of‐function mutations are positively selected and widespread in nature, making them a powerful tool to study the function of the different domains of the protein. Here we explore natural sequence variation in the FRI locus in more than 1000 Arabidopsis accessions. We identify 127 mutations that alter the FRI protein, including 60 that had never been described before. We defined 103 different alleles of FRI and study their association with variation in flowering time. We confirmed these associations by cloning 22 different alleles and expressing them in a common null genetic background. Our analysis pinpoints two single amino acid changes in the central domain that render the protein non‐functional. We show that these two mutations determine the stability and cellular localization of the FRI protein. In summary, our work makes use of natural variants at the FRI locus to help understanding the function of the central domain of the FRI protein.
Evaluation of the caudal cervical articular process joints by using a needle arthroscope in standing horses
Authors: Pérez‐Nogués Marcos , Vaughan Betsy , Phillips Kathryn L. , Galuppo Larry D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the safety and efficacy of caudal cervical articular process joint arthroscopy by using needle arthroscopy in standing sedated horses.Study designProspective experimental case series.AnimalsSix adult horses.MethodsThree horses underwent exploration of bilateral C5‐6 vertebral articular process joints and three bilateral C6‐7 articular process joints by using a 1.2 × 65‐mm needle arthroscope under standing sedation. The 16‐gauge arthroscopic trocar and canula assembly was inserted in the desired articular process joint under ultrasonographic guidance without distention of the joint.ResultsAll 12 articular process joints were successfully explored. Entering the joint on the first attempt was achieved in 10 of 12 joints. A craniodorsal approach for arthroscope insertion allowed evaluation of the most cranial aspect of the articular cartilage surface. Triangulation with a spinal needle was determined to be difficult and resulted in a limited space for movement.ConclusionNeedle arthroscopy of the caudal cervical facet joints was performed safely and efficiently in standing sedated horses.Clinical significanceStanding cervical articular process needle arthroscopy is a minimal morbidity technique with the potential to be an advantageous technique for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical articular process pathology.
Bubble Behavior in Pool Boiling Heat Transfer between Two Plates with a Narrow Gap
Authors: Kim Jin Sub , Shin Dong Hwan , Kim Yeonghwan , You Seung M. , Lee Jungho 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The pool boiling phenomena, which may occur at high heat flux in the planar heat pipe such as vapor chamber and thermal ground plane (TGP), were visually investigated in the vertical orientation by capturing the bubble behavior within a narrow gap between two plates using distilled water at 1 atm. The size of two copper plates is 80×80 mm2 and the 10×10 mm2 ceramic heater, which simulates the high power chip, was bonded to the backside of the bottom plate. The gap between two plates was adjusted from 3 mm to 0.5 mm using spacers. It was observed that the generated bubble spreads laterally throughout the channel between the plates as decreasing the gap. Thin liquid film forms beneath the flattened bubble and the thin film evaporation improves heat transfer at the narrow gaps of 3 and 1 mm. However, further reduction of the gap down to 0.5 mm brings about an increase of the dried region, resulting in the deterioration of boiling heat transfer.
[This work was supported by the Civil-Military Technology Cooperation Program of the Institute of Civil-Military Technology Cooperation (ICMTC), with a grant funded by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration and the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (Grant No. 18CM5017).]
Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging: A Technique to Reveal the Dropwise Condensation Mechanism
Authors: Ahangar Shahab Bayani , Allen Jeffrey S. , Lee Seong Hyuk , Choi Chang Kyoung 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
To understand the physics behind dropwise condensation, a microscopy technique must be able to measure a sub-nanometer film at a high temporal resolution (&gt;1,000 FPS). In this work, automated Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) is used as a tool to study the existence of a thin film between the dropwise condensate. SPRi is a label-free imaging technique that works based on the attenuated total internal reflection. SPRi can detect changes in the refractive index (RI) of the test medium in the thin region (&lt;300 nm) above the sensing gold layer. The automated, angle-scanning SPRi instrument was developed by integrating linear and rotating motorized stages. This instrument improves conventional SPRi by enhancing the resolution of angle probing, increasing the speed of angle scanning, and minimizing the angle-dependent image artifacts. As a proof of concept, we visualized the three stages of coalescence at 10,000 FPS, including bridge formation, composite peanut-shape droplet formation, and the relaxation stage. Furthermore, we probed the solid-vapor interface during the dropwise condensation to evaluate the existence of a thin film on the substrate. The results of our visualization show that the area between droplets is covered by an adsorbed film with a thickness of a monolayer (0.275 nm) and a surface coverage of less than one (m2/m2). Moreover, the results reveal a dry region forms on the substrate when part of the substrate is exposed to ambient conditions due to the coalescence. The dry zone on the substrate has higher surface energy, as compared to the surrounding area. Therefore, the exposed area serves as a favorable site for vapor molecules to strike the surface and form new nuclei.
Leveraging Events to Develop Collaborative Partnerships: Examining the Formation and Collaborative Dynamics of the Ontario Parasport Legacy Group
Authors: Misener Laura , Lu Landy Di , Carlisi Robert 
Published: February 2020

The strategic formation of partnerships for leveraging sport events to achieve social impact is becoming a critical component of large-scale sport events. The authors know less about the process dimensions related to the formation and collaborative dynamics of a sport event–leveraging partnership. To address this gap, the authors focus on examining the formation and collaborative dynamics alongside the challenges of the cross-sector partnership, the Ontario Parasport Legacy Group (OPLG), which emerged as an important leveraging strategy for the Toronto 2015 Pan/Parapan American Games. The authors found that the formation of the OPLG was shaped through broader environmental elements—including resource conditions, window of collaborative opportunity, and cultural influence—and essential drivers of strategic leadership and consequential incentives. Furthermore, the authors’ analysis shows that the development of the OPLG and its effectiveness in partnership delivery were determined through key domains of collaborative dynamics (i.e., engagement, motivation, and joint capacity).
Immediate effect of kinesiology tape on ankle stability
Authors: Slevin Zack M , Arnold Graham P , Wang Weijie , Abboud Rami J 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundLateral ankle sprain is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, particularly among the sporting population. Due to such prevalence, many interventions have been tried to prevent initial, or further, ankle sprains. Current research shows that the use of traditional athletic tape can reduce the incidence of sprain recurrence, but this may be at a cost to athletic performance through restriction of motion. Kinesiology tape, which has become increasingly popular, is elastic in nature, and it is proposed by the manufacturers that it can correct ligament damage. Kinesiology tape, therefore, may be able to improve stability and reduce ankle sprain occurrence while overcoming the problems of traditional tape.AimTo assess the effect of kinesiology tape on ankle stability.Methods27 healthy individuals were recruited, and electromyography (EMG) measurements were recorded from the peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles. Recordings were taken from the muscles of the dominant leg during induced sudden ankle inversion perturbations using a custom-made tilting platform system. This was performed with and without using kinesiology tape and shoes, creating four different test conditions: barefoot(without tape), shoe(without tape), barefoot(with tape) and shoe(with tape). For each test condition, the peak muscle activity, average muscle activity and the muscle latency were calculated.ResultsNo significant difference (p>0.05) was found by using the kinesiology tape on any of the measured variables while the wearing of shoes significantly increased all the variables.ConclusionKinesiology tape has no effect on ankle stability and is unable to nullify the detrimental effects that shoes appear to have.
Ultrasound-guided antecubital vein approach for right heart catheterisation in a Brazilian tertiary centre
Authors: Valle Felipe Homem , Wainstein Rodrigo Vugman , Matte Bruno Silva , Gonçalves Sandro Cadaval , Bergoli Luiz Carlos C , Krepsky Ana Maria Rocha , Pivatto Junior Fernando , de Araujo Gustavo Neves , Machado Guilherme Pinheiro , Wainstein Marco Vugman 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveAs a parallel to the radial approach for left heart catheterisation, forearm veins may be considered for the performance of right heart catheterisation. However, data regarding the application of this technique under ultrasound guidance are scarce. The current study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of right heart catheterisation through ultrasound-guided antecubital venous approach in the highly heterogeneous population usually referred for right heart catheterisation.MethodsData from consecutive right heart catheterisations performed at an academic centre in Brazil, between January 2016 and March 2017 were prospectively collected.ResultsAmong 152 performed right heart catheterisations, ultrasound-guided antecubital venous approach was attempted in 127 (84%) cases and it was made feasible in 92.1% of those. Yet, there was no immediate vascular complication with the antecubital venous approach in this prospective series.ConclusionsUltrasound-guided antecubital venous approach for the performance of right heart catheterisation was feasible in the vast majority of cases in our study, without occurrence of vascular complications.
Stellar equilibrium vs. gravitational collapse
Authors: Rodrigues Almeida Carla 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe idea of gravitational collapse can be traced back to the first solution of Einstein’s equations, but in these early stages, compelling evidence to support this idea was lacking. Furthermore, there were many theoretical gaps underlying the conviction that a star could not contract beyond its critical radius. The philosophical views of the early 20th century, especially those of Sir Arthur S. Eddington, imposed equilibrium as an almost unquestionable condition on theoretical models describing stars. This paper is a historical and epistemological account of the theoretical defiance of this equilibrium hypothesis, with a novel reassessment of J.R. Oppenheimer’s work on astrophysics.