bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast Simulations of Asymmetric Fracture Growth in Length and Height using Lagrangian Mechanics
Authors: Peshcherenko Aleksandra , Chuprakov Dimitry 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe classic Lagrangian mechanics approach allows for solving virtually any physical problem only for a chosen set of generalized coordinates, thus eliminating unnecessary computations. With certain approximations, this approach yields a system of first-order non-linear ordinary differential equations. Such a system can be solved numerically relatively fast (less than 1 s per run for a single CPU). We show the application of Lagrangian mechanics to problems of asymmetric fracture growth in length due to a lateral confining stress gradient and in height due to vertical confining stress contrasts. In both cases, we build a model and solve model equations. We demonstrate the flexibility of this approach and its potential for creating ultrafast semi-analytical models of hydraulic fracture propagation.
Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Satisfaction with Life: Moderating Role of Interpersonal Needs among University Students
Authors: Tan Choe Chai , Khor Kuan Siew , Ooi Pei Boon 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Depression, anxiety, and stress are ranked among the top mental health concerns faced by university students. The transition to higher education coincides with a new social environment and adaptation that has potential to increase mental health conditions. However, limited studies in Malaysia have examined the relationship among depression, anxiety, stress, and satisfaction with life with interpersonal needs. Thus, this study was performed to assess the relationship among depression, anxiety, stress, and satisfaction with life, with interpersonal needs (perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness) as moderators. Method A cross-sectional study using convenient sampling method was conducted among 430 students (Mean aged= 20.73 years; SD = 1.26 years) in two private universities in Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire comprising the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire were used. Results Students who experienced depression and anxiety reported higher satisfaction with life under the influenced of low perceived burdensomeness. Perceived burdensomeness, when coupled with depression (β = 0.76, p < 0.01) and anxiety (β = 0.79, p < 0.01), contributed 15.8% of variance in satisfaction with life. Students who experienced stress reported higher satisfaction with life under the influence of high thwarted belonginess (β = 0.73, p < 0.01), contributing 17.0% of variance in satisfaction with life. Conclusions For university students who experienced depression and anxiety symptoms, mental health practitioners, researchers, and teaching staff may need to be aware and educate the students on how to reduce and manage their perceptions on perceived burdensomeness. For university students who experienced stress symptoms, the focus shall not be solely on managing perception towards thwarted belonginess as it is not necessarily perceive as a negative ‘interpersonal need’ in this study. Future studies are required to substantiate this result.
Molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 clusters caused by asymptomatic cases in Anhui Province, China
Authors: yuan yuan , He Jun , Gong Lei , Li Weiwei , Jiang Liangliang , Liu Jiang , Chen Qingqing , Yu Junling , Hou Sai , Shi Yonglin , Lu Siqi , Zhang Zhuhui , Ge Yinglu , Sa Nan , He Lan , Wu Jiabing , Sun Yong , Liu Zhirong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is a newly emerging disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which spread globally in early 2020. Asymptomatic carriers of the virus contribute to the propagation of this disease, and the existence of asymptomatic infection has caused widespread fear and concern in the control of this pandemic. Methods: In this study, we investigated the origin and transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 in Anhui’s two clusters, analyzed the role and infectiousness of asymptomatic patients in disease transmission, and characterized the complete spike gene sequences in the Anhui strains. Results: We conducted an epidemiological investigation of two clusters caused by asymptomatic infections sequenced the spike gene of viruses isolated from 12 patients. All cases of the two clusters we investigated had clear contact histories, both from Wuhan, Hubei province. The viruses isolated from two outbreaks in Anhui were found to show a genetically close link to the virus from Wuhan. In addition, new single nucleotide variations were discovered in the spike gene. Conclusions: Both clusters may have resulted from close contact and droplet-spreading and asymptomatic infections were identified as the initial cause. We also analyzed the infectiousness of asymptomatic cases and the challenges to the current epidemic to provided information for the development of control strategies.
Analysis of Anxiety-related factors amongst frontline dental staff during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Yichang, China
Authors: Zhao Suli , Cao Jing , Zhang Lin , Liu Beibei , Sun Rongcan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Dental staff were characterized with the tolerance of enduring stress and they were at high risk to respiratory infectious disease. This study compared the anxiety level of frontline dental staff (FDS) to the general public in Yichang, Hubei Province, and examined potential explanatory factors for the differences.
Methods: Two online questionnaires were used separately for collecting data from FDS and the general public. The Chinese version of Becker Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was included for the assessment of anxiety. Firstly, A Chi-square test was conducted to see the difference of the anxiety state between these two groups. Then, bivariate analysis using Cramer’s V and Eta squared was conducted for screening potential factors. Lastly, a binary logistic regression was performed to explore potential contributing factors towards the anxiety disorder of dental staff.
Results: In general, the FDS were 4.342 (95% CI: 2.427-7.768) times more likely to suffer from anxiety disorder than the general public in Yichang. The bivariate analysis showed that age, Level Three protective measures (PM-3), the conflict with patients and/or colleagues were moderately associated with the anxiety state of FDS. But the knowledge of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) and the treatment to suspected or confirmed cases had a weak association with the anxiety perceived among FDS. Conversely, workload, the exposure to potential infectious substance and conducting aerosol generated performance were not significantly related to the anxiety of FDS. As the model indicated, an elder age and PM-3 protective measures could lower the anxiety state of the FDS, whereas the conflict with patients or/and colleagues would worsen it.
Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, FDS were more likely to suffer from anxiety disorders than the general public. Sufficient personal protective measures and good relationships with colleagues and patients helped them to maintain mental health.
Keywords
COVID-19, Anxiety disorders, Becker Anxiety Inventory, Frontline dental staff
Understanding the linkage between different measure of Obesity/overweight and Pre-diabetes/diabetes Prevalence among Adolescents (10-19 years) in India: A Gendered perspective
Authors: kumar Pradeep , Srivast Shobhit , Mishra Prem Shankar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimated that 1.1 million children and adolescents aged 14–19 years are living with diabetes. Diabetes is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose. It is also recognized as a complex disease that affects people of different ages due to different causes. The present study aims to estimate the prevalence of pre-diabetes/diabetes at the national level. Additionally, the respective study determines the factors associated with pre-diabetes/diabetes conditions among adolescents at the national level.
Methods
The data for this study was carried out from Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS), the first-ever nationally representative nutrition survey of children and adolescents in India. The study used a sample size of 17,865 male and 17,965 female adolescents for the analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and logistic regression analysis were done to carve out the results.
Results
The prevalence of pre-diabetes/diabetes was 12.3% and 8.4% among male and female adolescents in India respectively. Body mass index and Subscapular skinfold thickness were the two most important predictors of pre-diabetes/diabetes among adolescents. Further, physical activities show a negative association with pre-diabetes/diabetes. Moreover, interaction models in the present study clearly reveal the fact that females were less likely to suffer from pre-diabetes/diabetes than males. Additionally, it was found that the prevalence of pre-diabetes/diabetes was high among female adolescents from lower socio-economic strata.
Conclusion
Pre-diabetes/diabetes conditions can be prevented among adolescents with effective approaches available. Regular exercise and involvement in moderate to high physical activity, maintaining a healthy diet, avoiding substance use, and cholesterol levels are recommended to control pre-diabetes/diabetes conditions among adolescents.
Serological, microbiological and molecular investigation of Brucella infection in milk and blood of Iranian horses
Authors: Motlagh Ladan Raeesi , Sadrabad Elham Khalili , Ghalebi Seyed Razi , Nejad Ramin Bagheri , Astani Akram , Kiani Narges , Tafti Arefeh Dehghani , Mohajeri Fateme Akrami 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background

Brucellosis is one of the most well-known and important zoonoses in the world, especially in Iran. Horse milk is a rare and expensive product with high nutrient ingredients in comparison to cow milk. In current study, a total of 164 blood and milk samples were randomly selected from 82 mares in Yazd city, Iran. Rose Bengal test (RBT) and milk ring test (MRT) methods were used as serological methods. A genus-specific PCR test targeting IS711 was performed using the primers ISP1 and ISP2 to identify Brucella. Specific primers were also used to identify Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis at species level and then samples were sequenced. Positive PCR samples were cultured for bacterial isolation.
Results

Based on serological tests in milk and blood samples, no positive case was found. None of the blood samples were positive to identify Brucella genus, but 3 milk samples (3.66%) were positive in PCR assay. All 3 samples were identified as Brucella abortus. However, the microbiological culture of these samples did not lead into isolation of bacteria and no growth was observed. PCR can be applied as a sensitive method for diagnosis of Brucella infection in horses.
Conclusion

As the potential of Brucella infection confirmed by PCR in current study, special considerations should be taken to prevent close contact between horses and natural. Brucella hosts particularly in regions where horse milk is consumed by people. Health authorities should be aware of possible transmission of brucellosis by horse milk consumption which should be considered in control measures.
Fasa Registry on Diabetes mellitus (FaRD): Feasibility Study and Pilot Phase Results
Authors: Pezeshki Babak , Karimi Aliasghar , Ansari Amir , yazdanpanah Mohammad Hosein , Elmi Mitra , Nikmanesh Amirreza , Moalemi Saba , Modaresi Farzaneh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common chronic diseases. This disease is the main risk factor of fetal diseases such as myocardial infarction and stroke. There is no cure for DM, and an effective strategy must control it. Every attempt to control DM and patient outcomes require a surveillance system to consider the efficacy and safety measures. Fasa Registry on Diabetes mellitus (FaRD) is the first population-based registry for DM in Iran targeted to provide a meticulous description of social, mental health, clinical, and laboratory values of patients, to consider the management patterns of these patients, to discover the degree of adherence to the recommendations.Methodsthe diagnosis of diabetes (Type I and II) characterized by the level of plasma glucose. The pregnant women were excluded. Three registrar nurses collected data on demographics, physical exams, past medical history, medication history, and laboratory findings. Resultsthe pilot phase included the first 381 patients, 257 (67.5%) were women, and 124 (32.5%) were men. With a mean age of 57.54 ± 12.12years among subjects, the 347 (94.5%) of them had DM type 2, and 20 (5.4%) of them had type 1. ConclusionBased on our results, the characteristics of patients suffering DM do not afford their medical cost, so the majority of them were not adherence to the practice guidelines.The achievement of FaRD helps physicians and patients to better controlling the DM.The finding of this pilot study shows the FaRD is feasible, and it will make a comprehensive population-based registry for DM in the region.
10D: Feasibility Study of a Novel Low-cost Brazilian Emergency Mechanical Ventilator
Authors: Flato Uri Adrian Prync , Santos Patricia C. dos , Manhoso Fábio , Serva Fernanda Mesquita , Dias Jeferson , Bueno Carlos Eduardo , Garbelini Guilherme , Biteli Piero , Scorsato Paulo , Friolani Milena , Repetti Claudia , Franco Rodrigo Prevedello , Piai Marcelo , Silva Leticia da , Porto Camila , Cunha Isabelle da , Pereira Elisa Rita , Bueno Beatriz , Buchaim Daniele , Buchaim Rogério , Peres Samuel , Peres Mariane , Peres Alex , Narciso Antônio , Ramires Danilo , Teixeira Dannys , Fujikawa Fausto , Bezerra Francisco , Habache João , Bonzanini João , Laureano Júlio , Pansani Luiz , Cavachioli Marcelo , Pansani Márcio , Martins Marcos , Souza Matheus R de , Filho Osvaldo Oliveira , Santos Walter dos , Fregatto Luiz Fernando , Novaretti José Pedro , Reis Carlos Henrique , Cremonez Caroline Marroni , Serva Márcia Mesquita 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The current need for pulmonary mechanical ventilation related to COVID-19 exceeds the ability of health systems worldwide to acquire and produce mechanical ventilators. The major cause of mortality in patients with this disease is hypoxemia secondary to an inflammatory storm in the lungs associated with thrombotic events. A partnership was established between the university and the private engineering and industrial automation sector to concept and design novel a low-cost emergency mechanical ventilator that could be rapidly available for use in emergency, transport or low-resource health care system, and attend the urgent demand of artificial respiratory system that is need worldwide. It was evaluated the viability of oxygenation and pulmonary ventilation with an emergency mechanical ventilation device called 10D-EMV in animal experiments. A two-stage sequential adaptive study was conducted in 10 sheep, divided into group I (PEEP valve close to the device) and group II (PEEP valve distal to the device). Each animal underwent mechanical ventilation for a total of 120 minutes. Results: The mean oxygenation in group I and group II were 368 mmHg and 366 mmHg, respectively, while the mean partial pressure of carbon dioxide was 58 mmHg and 48 mmHg. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the viability of the 10D device as a novel proposed emergency mechanical ventilator, in order to attend the pandemics demand. Further clinical studies in humans are needed to assess its safety and efficacy.
Renin-angiotensin System Modulators and Other Risk Factors in COVID-19 Patients With Hypertension: A Korean Perspective
Authors: Kim Hee-Sung , Kang Gilwon , Kang Minseok 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: While hypertension is the most common comorbid condition in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Korea, there is a lack of studies investigating risk factors in COVID-19 patients with hypertension in Korea. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects risk factors in hypertensive Korean COVID-19 patients.Methods: We selected patients from the database of the project #OpenData4Covid19. This information was linked to their 3-year historical healthcare data. The severity of the disease was classified into five levels. We also clustered the levels into two grades.Results: The risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity were old age, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), malignancy, and renal replacement therapy. The use of ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) both before and after a diagnosis of COVID-19 were not associated with COVID-19 severity. A multivariate analysis revealed that old age, male sex, diabetes mellitus, and renal replacement therapy were risk factors for severe COVID-19Conclusion: The results suggest that in hypertensive patients with COVID-19, older age, male sex, a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, and renal replacement therapy were risk factors for a severe clinical course. In addition, the use of ARBs and ACEIs before or after COVID-19 infection did not affect a patient’s risk of contracting COVID-19 nor did it contribute to a worse prognosis for the disease. These results highlighted that precautions should be considered for hypertensive patients with those risk factors and do not support discontinuation of ARBs and ACEIs during COVID-19 pandemic.
Model uncertainty and decision making: Predicting the Impact of COVID-19 Using the CovidSim Epidemiological Code
Authors: Edeling Wouter , Hamid Arabnejad , Sinclair Robert , Suleimenova Diana , Gopalakrishnan Krishnakumar , Bosak Bartosz , Groen Derek , Mahmood Imran , Crommelin Daan , Coveney Peter 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) virus has rapidly spread worldwide since December 2019, and early modelling work of this pandemic has assisted in identifying effective government interventions. The UK government relied in part on the CovidSim model developed by the MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis at Imperial College London, to model various non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies, and guide its government policy in seeking to deal with the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic during March and April 2020. CovidSim is subject to different sources of uncertainty, namely parametric uncertainty in the inputs, model structure uncertainty (i.e. missing epidemiological processes) and scenario uncertainty, which relates to uncertainty in the set of conditions under which the model is applied. We have undertaken an extensive parametric sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification of the current CovidSim code. From the over 900 parameters that are provided as input to CovidSim, we identified a key subset of 20 parameters to which the code output is most sensitive. We find that the uncertainty in the code is substantial, in the sense that imperfect knowledge in these inputs will be magnified to the outputs, up to the extent of ca. 300%. Most of this uncertainty can be traced back to the sensitivity of three parameters. Compounding this, the model can display significant bias with respect to observed data, such that the output variance does not capture this validation data with high probability. We conclude that quantifying the parametric input uncertainty is not sufficient, and that the effect of model structure and scenario uncertainty cannot be ignored when validating the model in a probabilistic sense.
Study on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Granite After Multiple Thermal Shock Treatments
Authors: Yu Li , PENG Hai-wang , Zhang Yu , Li GuoWei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To study the influence of thermal shock caused by water cooling on the physical and mechanical properties of high-temperature granite, granite was subjected to an increasing number of high-temperature (300℃) water-cooling and thermal shock treatment cycles, and static mechanical experiments were carried out on the treated granite. The results support the following conclusions: (1) Thermal shock causes an increase in the number and size of the pores and cracks within the granite; thus, its volume expands, density decreases, water absorption rate increases, and P-wave velocity decreases. (2) With an increase in the number of thermal shocks, both the compressive strength and tensile strength of the granite decrease, and there is a linear relationship between the compressive strength and tensile strength. With the corresponding fitting formula, the change in the strength of the granite can be accurately predicted. (3) With an increase in the number of thermal shocks, the plasticity of the granite increases and its resistance to deformation weakens, which is manifested as a decrease in both the compressive modulus and tensile modulus of the granite. After 15 cycles of thermal shock, the compressive elastic modulus and tensile modulus of the granite decreased by 25.18% and 46.76%, respectively. (4) The m and s values of the damaged granite were calculated based on the Hoek-Brown empirical criterion, and it was found that both of these parameters decrease with the increase in the number of thermal shocks. The calculation results can provide a reference for engineering rock mass failure.Clinical trial registration