bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilevel optimisation of anaerobic ethyl acetate production in engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Bohnenkamp Anna Christina , Kruis Aleksander J. , Mars Astrid E. , Wijffels Rene H. , Oost John van der , Kengen Servé W. M. , Weusthuis Ruud A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Ethyl acetate is a widely used industrial solvent that is currently produced by chemical conversions from fossil resources. Several yeast species are able to convert sugars to ethyl acetate under aerobic conditions. However, performing ethyl acetate synthesis anaerobically may result in enhanced production efficiency, making the process economically more viable. Results We engineered an E. coli strain that is able to convert glucose to ethyl acetate as the main fermentation product under anaerobic conditions. The key enzyme of the pathway is an alcohol acetyltransferase (AAT) that catalyses the formation of ethyl acetate from acetyl-CoA and ethanol. To select a suitable AAT, the ethyl acetate-forming capacities of Atf1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Eat1 from Kluyveromyces marxianus and Eat1 from Wickerhamomyces anomalus were compared. Heterologous expression of the AAT-encoding genes under control of the inducible LacI/ T7 and XylS/ Pm promoters allowed optimisation of their expression levels. Conclusion Engineering efforts on protein and fermentation level resulted in an E. coli strain that anaerobically produced ethyl acetate from glucose at an unprecedented level, i.e. 0.48 C-mol/C-mol or 72% of the maximum pathway yield.
Risk of multi-drug resistant Campylobacter spp. and residual antimicrobials at poultry farms and live bird markets in Bangladesh
Authors: Neogi Sucharit Basu , Islam Md. Mehedul , Islam SK Shaheenur , Akhter A.H.M. Taslima , Sikder Md. Mahmudul Hasan , Yamasaki Shinji , Kabir S. M. Lutful 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Understanding potential risks of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens from the booming poultry sector is a crucial public health concern. Campylobacter spp. are among the most important zoonotic pathogens associated with MDR infections in poultry and human. This study systematically examined potential risks and associated socio-environmental factors of MDR Campylobacter spp. in poultry farms and live bird markets (LBMs) of Bangladesh. Methods: Microbial culture and PCR-based methods were applied to examine the occurrence and MDR patterns of Campylobacter spp. in potential sources (n = 224) at 7 hatcheries, 9 broiler farms and 4 LBMs in three sub-districts. Antimicrobial residues in broiler meat and liver samples (n = 50) were detected by advanced chromatographic techniques. A questionnaire based cross-sectional survey was conducted on socio-environmental factors. Results: Overall, 32% (71/ 224) samples were found contaminated with Campylobacter spp. In poultry farms, Campylobacter spp. was primarily found in cloacal swab (21/49, 43%), followed by drinking water (8/24, 33%), and meat (8/28, 29%) samples of broilers. Remarkably, at LBMs, Campylobacter spp. was detected in higher prevalence (p <0.05) in broiler meat (14/26, 54%), which could be related (p <0.01) to bacterial contamination of drinking water (11/21, 52%) and floor (9/21, 43%). Campylobacter isolates, one from each of 71 positive samples, were differentiated into Campylobacter jejuni (66%) and Campylobacter coli (34%). Alarmingly, 49% and 42% strains of C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively, were observed as MDR, i.e., resistant to three or more antimicrobials, including, tetracycline, amoxicillin, streptomycin, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides. Residual antimicrobials (oxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin) were detected in majority of broiler liver (79%) and meat (62%) samples, among which 33% and 19%, respectively, had concentration above acceptable limit. Inadequate personal and environmental hygiene, unscrupulously use of antimicrobials, improper waste disposal, and lack of health surveillance were distinguishable risk factors, with local diversity and compound influences on MDR pathogens. Conclusion: Potential contamination sources and anthropogenic factors associated with the alarming occurrence of MDR Campylobacter, noted in this study, would aid in developing interventions to minimize the increasing risks of poultry-associated MDR pathogens under ‘One Health’ banner that includes poultry, human and environment perspectives.
The Burden of Laboratory-confirmed Influenza Infection in Lebanon Between 2008 and 2016: A single tertiary care center experience
Authors: Assaf-Casals Aia , Saleh Zeina , Khafaja Sarah , Fayad Danielle , Ezzeddine Hady , Saleh Mohammad , Chamseddine Sarah , Sayegh Rouba , Sharara Sima , Chmaisse Ahmad , Kanj Souha , Kanafani Zeina , Hanna-Wakim Rima , Araj George , Mahfouz Rami , Saito Reiko , Suzuki Hiroshi , Zaraket Hassan , Dbaibo Ghassan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Following the 2009 pandemic, there was widened interest in studying influenza burden in all regions. However, since data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region remain limited, we aimed to contribute to the understanding of influenza burden in Lebanon. METHODS: A retrospective chart review extending over a period of 8 seasons from Jan 1st, 2008 till June 30 th , 2016 at a tertiary care center in Beirut was performed. All cases confirmed to have influenza based on rapid antigen detection or/and polymerase chain reaction on a respiratory sample were included for analysis. Data on epidemiology, clinical presentation, complications, antiviral use and mortality were collected for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1829 cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were identified. Average annual positivity rate was 14% (positive tests over total requested). Both influenza A and B co-circulated in each season with predominance of influenza A. Influenza virus started circulating in December and peaked in January and February. The age group of 19-50 years accounted for the largest proportion of cases (22.5%) followed by the age group of 5-19 years (18%). Pneumonia was the most common complication reported in 33% of cases. Mortality reached 3.8%. The two extremes of age (<2 years and ≥ 65years) were associated with a more severe course of disease, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, complications, and mortality rate. Of all the identified cases, 26% were hospitalized. Moderate-to-severe disease was more likely in influenza B cases but no difference in mortality was reported between the two types. Antivirals were prescribed in 68.8% and antibiotics in 41% of cases. There seemed to be an increasing trend in the number of diagnosed and hospitalized cases over the years of the study. CONCLUSION: Patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza at our center had a high rate of hospitalization and mortality. A population based prospective surveillance study is needed to better estimate the burden of Influenza in Lebanon that would help formulate a policy on influenza control.
Predictive factors for successful INTELLiVENT-ASV® use: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Katayama Shinshu , Tonai Ken , Shima Jun , Koyama Kansuke , Nunomiya Shin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: INTELLiVENT-ASV® (I-ASV) is a closed-loop ventilation mode that automatically controls the ventilation settings. Although a number of studies have reported the usefulness of I-ASV, the clinical situations in which it may be useful have not yet been clarified. We aimed to report our initial 3 years of experience using I-ASV, particularly the clinical conditions and the technical and organizational factors associated with its use. Furthermore, we evaluated the usefulness of I-ASV and determined the predictive factors for successful management with I-ASV. Methods: This single-center, retrospective observational study included patients who were ventilated using the Hamilton G5® ventilator (Hamilton Medical AG, Rhäzüns, Switzerland) from January 2016 to December 2018. The patients were categorized into the “I-ASV success” group and “I-ASV failure” group (those receiving mechanical ventilation with I-ASV along with any other mode). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with successful I-ASV management.Results : Of the 189 patients, 135 (71.4%) were categorized into the I-ASV success group. In the I-ASV success group, the reasons for ICU admission included post-elective surgery (94.1%), post-emergent surgery (81.5%), and other medical reasons (55.6%). I-ASV failure was associated with a low P/F ratio (278 vs. 167, P = 0.0003) and high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (21 vs. 26, P < 0.0001). The main reasons for not using I-ASV included strong inspiratory effort and asynchrony. The APACHE II score was an independent predictive factor for successful management with I-ASV, with an odds ratio of 0.92 (95% confidential interval 0.87–0.96, P = 0.0006). The area under the receiver operating curve for the APACHE II score was 0.722 (cut-off: 24). Conclusions :In this study, we found that 71.4% of the fully mechanically ventilated patients could be managed successfully with I-ASV. The APACHE II score was an independent factor that could help predict the successful management of I-ASV. To improve I-ASV management, it is necessary to focus on patient-ventilator interactions.
Presentation Intervals and the Impact of Delay on Breast Cancer Progression in a Black African Population.
Authors: Agodirin Olayide , Olatoke Samuel , Rahman Ganiyu , Olaogun Julius , Olasehinde Olalekan , Katung Aba , Kolawole Oladapo , Ayandipo Omobolaji , Etonyeaku Amarachukwu , Habeeb Olufemi , Adeyeye Ademola , Agboola John , Akande Halimat , Oguntola Adetunji , Akanbi Olusola , Fatudimu Oluwafemi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The help-seeking interval or the primary-care interval are points of delays in breast cancer presentation. To inform future breast cancer down-staging intervention, we described the contribution of each interval to the delay and the impact of delay on tumor progression.METHOD: Multicentered survey from June 2017 to May 2018. We hypothesized that most patients visited the First Healthcare Provider within 60days of tumor detection. Inferential statistics were by t-test, chi-square test, and Wilcoxon-Signed Rank test at p-value 0.05 or 95% confidence limits. Time-to-event was by survival method. Multivariate analysis was by logistic regression.RESULTS: Respondents were females between 24 and 95 years (n=420). Most respondents visited FHP within 60 days of detecting symptoms (230 (60%, 95% CI 53-63). Most had long primary-care (237 of 377 (64% 95%CI 59-68) and detection-to-specialist (293 (73% (95% CI 68-77)) intervals. The primary care interval (median 106days) was longer than the help-seeking interval ( median 42days ) Wilcoxon signed-rank test p= 0.001. There was strong correlation between length of primary care interval and the detection-to-specialist interval (r= 0.9, 95% CI 0.88- 0.92). Patronizing the hospital, receiving the correct advice, and having a big tumor (>5cm) were associated with short intervals. Tumors were detected early, but most became advanced before arriving at the specialist clinic. The difference in tumor size between detection and arriving at a specialist clinic was 5.0±4.9cm (95% CI 4.0-5.0). The instantaneous hazard of progressing from early to locally advanced disease was least in the first 30 days(3%). The hazard was 31% in 90 days.CONCLUSION: Most respondents presented early to the first healthcare provider, but most arrived late at a specialist clinic. The primary care interval was longer than the help-seeking interval. Most tumors were early at detection but locally advanced before arriving in a specialist clinic. Interventions aiming to shorten the primary care interval will have the most impact on time to breast cancer presentation for specialist oncology care in Nigeria.
Factors and predictors of length of stay in offenders diagnosed with schizophrenia- A machine-learning-based approach
Authors: Kirchebner Johannes , Günther Moritz , Sonnweber Martina , King Alice , Lau Steffen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Prolonged forensic psychiatric hospitalizations have raised ethical, economic, and clinical concerns. Due to the confounded nature of factors affecting length of stay of psychiatric offender patients, prior research has called for the application of a new statistical methodology better accommodating this data structure. The present study attempts to investigate factors contributing to long-term hospitalization of schizophrenic offenders referred to a Swiss forensic institution, using machine learning algorithms that are better suited than conventional methods to detect nonlinear dependencies between variables.
Methods: In this retrospective file and registry study, multidisciplinary notes of 143 schizophrenic offenders were reviewed using a structured protocol on patients’ characteristics, criminal and medical history and course of treatment. Via a forward selection procedure, the most influential factors for length of stay were preselected. Machine learning algorithms then identified the most efficient model for predicting length-of-stay.
Results: Two factors have been identified as being particularly influential for a prolonged forensic hospital stay, both of which are related to aspects of the index offense, namely (attempted) homicide and the extent of the victim's injury. The results are discussed in light of previous research on this topic.
Conclusions: In this study, length of stay was determined by legal considerations, but not by factors that can be influenced therapeutically. Results emphasize that forensic risk assessments should be based on different evaluation criteria and not merely on legal aspects.
What Kinds of Advantages and Disadvantages May Merging Health Insurance Funds Bring About? A Qualitative Policy Analysis from Iran
Authors: Bazyar Mohammad , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid , Rahimi Nouroddin , Rashidian Arash 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: In countries with health insurance system, the number, the size of insurance funds and the amount of risk distribution among them is a major concern. One possible solution to overcome problems resulting from fragmentation is combining risk pools together to create fewer and larger ones, ideally a single pool. This study aims to realize what kind of advantages and disadvantages merging health insurance funds together may bring about to the health insurance system in particular and health system in general. Methods: In this qualitative study, nesting purposive sampling with maximum variation was used to obtain representativeness and rich data. Sixty face-to-face interviews were conducted. Documentary review was used as supplementary source of data collection. Content analysis using the ‘framework method’ was used to analyze the qualitative data. For assuring the quality of results, four trustworthiness criteria including credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability were used. Results: The results of this study indicated that there are diverse positive and negative consequences for merging of health insurance funds in Iran which are categorized into seven categories including governance/stewardship, financing, population, benefit package, structure, operational procedures and interaction with providers. These themes are subdivided further into thirty-seven sub-categories which represent a wide range of different policy aspects which need close attention to deal with the merging of health insurance funds. Conclusions: Implementation of merging health insurance schemes in Iran would be influenced by a wide range of potential merits and drawbacks, so to facilitate the process and lessen the opposition of opponents, policy makers should act as brokers taking into account the contextual factors and adopting tailored policies to maximize the benefits and minimize the potential drawbacks of consolidation in Iran.
Tanshinone IIA alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation induced cardiomyocyte injury via lncRNA AK003290/miR-124-5p signaling
Authors: Chen Liye , Wei Lili , Yu Qiongyang , Shi Haozhe , Liu George 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of death globally and has thus placed a heavy burden on healthcare. Tanshinone IIA (TSA) is a major active compound, extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, that possesses various pharmacological activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of TSA in AMI and its underlying mechanism of action.Results: We have shown that TSA decreased the apoptosis rate, the amount of LDH, MDA as well as ROS of cardiomyocytes. Meantime, it elevated mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) which was decreased by H/R treatment. It was also determined that miR-124-5p targets AK003290 directly. TSA up-regulated the expression of AK003290 and its function can be reversed by knock down of AK003290 as well as miR-124-5p overexpression.Conclusion: TSA exerts the protective role against H/R induced apoptosis, oxidative and MMP loss of cardiomyocytes via regulating AK003290 and miR-124-5p signaling.
Gene expression profiling reveals light regulation on adventitious root formation in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)
Authors: libao Cheng , Yuyan Han , Minrong Zhao , xiaoyong Xu , Zhiguang Shen , Shuyan Li , Zhubing Hu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Lotus is an aquatic horticultural crop, and widely cultivated in most regions of China. Lotus is often used as a kind of an important off-season vegetable with various nutrients. Principle root of lotus is degenerated, and the role of adventitious roots (ARs) is Irreplaceable for plant growth. We found that no ARs could be formed under darkness condition, and high light significantly promote the development of root primordium. Therefore, four libraries with three light intensities were constructed to monitor metabolism changes, especially in IAA and sugar metabolism. Results: We found that ARs formation was significantly affected by light, high light intensity accelerated ARs development. The change of metabolism during ARs formation under different light intensity was evaluated according to gene expression profiling by high-throughput tag-sequencing. It was shown that more than 2.2× 10 4 genes was obtained in each library, and the expression level of most genes were distributed between 1e-01 and 1e+03 (FPKF value). Among these identified genes, 1739, 1683 and 1462 genes were up-regulated, and 1533, 995 and 834 genes were down-regulated in D/CK, E/CK and F/CK libraries respectively. In addition, we also found that 1454 and 478 genes changed expression in D/CK and F/CK libraries when compared D/CK with F/CK libraries. In F/D libraries, the transcriptional level of most differentially expressed genes was between -5~5 fold, and twenty differentially expressed genes were involved in signal transduction pathway. Twenty-eight genes related with IAA response and thirty-five genes involved in sugar metabolism were found to change expression. It was elucidated that IAA content was enhanced after seed germinated, even in darkness condition, which was responsible for ARs formation. Conclusion: The process of ARs formation was very complex, and regulated by multiple factors. The ARs formation was regulated by IAA, even in the dark, induction and developmental process could also be completed. In addition, the genes (36 genes) changed expression level in carbohydrate metabolism showed the third number, so sucrose metabolism was involved in the ARs development (expressed stage) according to genes expression and content change characteristic.
Bioconversion of Agro-Waste to Product of Bio-protein via Cultivation of Edible Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii
Authors: alqaisi mustafa , Alabtan Manaf K , Owine Mazin A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the potentiality of utilizing some local Agro-wastes (lignocellulose) in Iraq as growing Substrate to product edible oyster mushroom Pleurotus eryngii. Biological process of cultivation and Production edible mushrooms on sold state fermentation its considering a biotechnology Product of Bio-protein or myco-protein, so we used nine substrate combinations (nine Treatment) from plant residues which were Three main substrate (Date palm wastes, Corn cobs and Common reed) and two type of enrichments Supplement (Rice husks and Corn seeds husks) and Without Supplement (control) included, this Experimental data were analyzed using One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), according to a completely randomized design (CRD) and Tukey’s test P 0.05. The less period of crop cycle (day) which in T7 and T8 (30.33, 31.67 day) when T2 (Corn cobs 100%), T1 (Date palm waste 100%), T7 (Date palm waste 80%+Corn husks 20%) and T8 (Corn cobs 80%+Corn husks 20%) gave the maximum mushroom yield reached 293.0 280.7, 268.7 and 264.0 g kg-1 substrate Sequentially and this yield was significantly different to those found from the other substrate combinations. Bioeffeincy Significant different compared with other combination substrate.
Comparison of surgical outcomes between isolated pancreaticojejunostomy, isolated gastrojejunostomy, and conventional pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: yunxiao lyu , Wang Bin , Cheng Yunxiao , Xu Yueming , Du WeiBing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background We aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of the following procedures after pancreaticoduodenectomy: isolated pancreaticojejunostomy, isolated gastrojejunostomy, and conventional pancreaticojejunostomy. Methods We performed a systematic search of the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov until 1 January 2020. Pooled odds ratios (OR) or weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using STATA 12.0 statistical software.Results Thirteen studies involving 1942 patients were included in this study. Pooled analysis showed that the major complication and reoperation rates following isolated pancreaticojejunostomy were lower than with conventional pancreaticojejunostomy (OR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.13–0.96, P=0.04 and OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.15–0.86, p=0.02, respectively), and that isolated pancreaticojejunostomy required longer operation time vs conventional pancreaticojejunostomy (WMD=43.61, 95% CI: 21.64–65.58, P=0.00). Regarding postoperative pancreatic fistula, clinically-relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula, delayed gastric emptying, clinically-relevant delayed gastric emptying, bile leakage, hemorrhage , reoperation, length of postoperative hospital stay, major complications, overall complications, and mortality, we found no significant differences for either isolated pancreaticojejunostomy versus conventional pancreaticojejunostomy or isolated gastrojejunostomy versus conventional pancreaticojejunostomy. Conclusions This study showed that isolated pancreaticojejunostomy was associated with fewer major complications and a lower reoperation rate, but required longer operation time vs conventional pancreaticojejunostomy. Considering the limitations, high-quality randomized controlled trials are required.