bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late bedtime and body mass index gain in indigenous Australian children in the longitudinal study of indigenous children
Authors: Fatima Yaqoot , Al Mamun Abdullah , Bucks Romola S. , Charles Skinner Timothy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo explore sleep patterns in indigenous Australian children and assess the role of sleep timing in longitudinal changes in body mass index (BMI).MethodsLatent profile analysis was conducted with the Australian Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (LSIC) cohort data (wave 5), to determine distinct patterns of bed and wake timing, taking account of weekday sleep duration, weekday and weekend bedtimes, and weekday wake times. Multilevel models with a random intercept were used to investigate the role of baseline sleep pattern in predicting longitudinal changes in BMI.ResultsBaseline data for 1258 children (50.7% males), mean age 6.32 ± 1.52 years, indicated the presence of five classes of sleep patterns: early/long sleepers (4.5%), normative sleepers (25.5%), late sleepers (49.9%), consistent late sleepers (11.1%) and early risers (9%). Late sleeping was significantly associated with longitudinal gains in BMI. Compared with early sleepers, consistent late sleepers experienced 1.03 unit gain in BMI at follow‐up (95% CI: 0.001‐2.05, P = .05).ConclusionThis study underscores the importance of looking beyond sleep duration and highlights the positive outcomes of early bedtimes in children. As sleep timing is modifiable, this offers the opportunity for improvement in sleep and protecting against future weight gain in indigenous children.
Pathophysiologic mechanisms in diabetic kidney disease: A focus on current and future therapeutic targets
Authors: Barrera‐Chimal Jonatan , Jaisser Frédéric 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the primary cause of chronic kidney disease around the globe and is one of the main complications in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. The standard treatment for DKD is drugs controlling hyperglycemia and high blood pressure. Renin angiotensin aldosterone system blockade and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition have yielded promising results in DKD, but many diabetic patients on such treatments nevertheless continue to develop DKD, leading to kidney failure and cardiovascular comorbidities. New therapeutic options are urgently required. We review here the promising therapeutic avenues based on insights into the mechanisms of DKD that have recently emerged, including mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, endothelin receptor A inhibition, anti‐inflammatory agents, autophagy activators and epigenetic remodelling. The involvement of several molecular mechanisms in DKD pathogenesis, together with the genetic and epigenetic variability of this condition, makes it difficult to target this heterogeneous patient population with a single drug. Personalized medicine, taking into account the genetic and mechanistic variability, may therefore improve renal and cardiovascular protection in diabetic patients with DKD.
Dedicated kidney disease‐focused outcome trials with sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors: Lessons from CREDENCE and expectations from DAPA‐HF, DAPA‐CKD, and EMPA‐KIDNEY
Authors: Rhee Jinnie J. , Jardine Meg J. , Chertow Glenn M. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the past decade, many cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOT) on the efficacy and safety of glucose‐lowering agents have been completed. Amongst newer agents available for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have garnered much attention in contemporary clinical practice due to observed benefits on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes among patients with T2DM, as reported in large randomized controlled trials (RCT). These findings are reflected in the updated clinical guidelines of several major professional societies. Herein, we briefly review the mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors and their pleiotropic effects, summarize key findings and limitations of initial CVOTs, then discuss three major kidney disease‐focused outcome trials, including the Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes and Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) trial as well as two ongoing RCTs: Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure‐chronic kidney disease and EMPA‐KIDNEY.
Life cycle and in vitro sporulation dynamics ofCorinectria constricta,the causal agent ofPinus radiatastem canker, in Chile
Authors: González Cristian D. , Morales Rodrigo A. , Chaverri Priscila 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn 2008, a canker disease caused by the fungusCorinectria constrictawas detected in southern Chile. The causal agent was previously identified asNeonectria fuckeliana(nowCorinectria fuckeliana), which has been associated with stem cankers inPinus radiataplantations in New Zealand since the 1990s. Many basic aspects of the life cycle ofC. constrictaremain unknown. The current study aimed to (a) document the periods during whichC. constrictafruiting bodies are present inP. radiataplantations and associated factors; (b) determine theC. constrictalife cycle inP. radiataplantations in southern Chile; and (c) evaluate, under in vitro conditions, the sporulation dynamics of ascospores. The first and second aims were carried out by evaluating affected plantations every 15 days, identifying asexual and sexual fungal structures, and recording the time periods when the structures were present. The third aim was achieved with in vitro tests in Petri dishes simulating humidity chambers. The life cycle was characterized by the presence of sporodochia from theCylindrocarpon‐like (asexual form ofC. constricta) morph during the autumn of 2012 (March–May). Subsequently, perithecia began to form on the sporodochia during April of 2012, taking approximately 3 months to mature (May–July), persisting for the rest of the year and providing inoculum to infect new trees. The development of perithecia in winter demonstrates that this is the most important period for dispersal and infection. In terms of sporulation dynamics, perithecia can release ascospores up to eight days following a wetting event; without this event, the spores are not released.
Contribution of unvegetated tidal flats to coastal carbon flux
Authors: Lin Wei‐Jen , Wu Jihua , Lin Hsing‐Juh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnvegetated flats occupy a large area in the intertidal zone. However, compared to vegetated areas, the carbon sequestration of unvegetated tidal flats is rarely quantified, even though these areas are highly threatened by human development and climate change. We determined benthic maximum gross primary production (GPPm), net primary production (NPP) and total respiration (TR) during emersion on seven tidal flats along a latitudinal gradient (from 22.48°N to 40.60°N) in winter and summer from 2012 to 2016 to assess the spatial and temporal variability of carbon dioxide flux. In winter, these processes decreased by 89%–104% towards higher latitudes. In summer, however, no clear trend was detected across the latitudinal gradient. Quadratic relationships between GPPm, NPP and TR and sediment temperature can be described along the latitudinal gradient. These curves showed maximum values of GPPm and NPP when the sediment temperatures reached 28.7 and 26.6°C respectively. TR increased almost linearly from 0 to 45°C. The maximum daily NPP across the latitudinal gradient averaged 0.24 ± 0.28 g C m−2 day−1, which was only 10%–20% of the global average of NPP of vegetated coastal habitats. Multiplying with the global area of unvegetated tidal flats, our results suggest that the contribution of NPP on unvegetated tidal flats to the coastal carbon cycle is small (11.04 ± 13.32 Tg C/year). If the land cover of vegetated habitats is continuously degraded to unvegetated tidal flats, the carbon sequestration capacity in the intertidal zone is expected to reduce by at least 13.10 Tg C/year, equivalent to 1% of global carbon emissions from land‐use change.
Deep learning prediction of falls among nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Suzuki Makoto , Yamamoto Ryosuke , Ishiguro Yuko , Sasaki Hironori , Kotaki Harumi 
Published: April 2020

AimThis study aimed to use a convolutional neural network (CNN) to investigate the associations between the time of falling and multiple complicating factors, including age, dementia severity, lower extremity strength and physical function, among nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease.MethodsA total of 42 people with Alzheimer's disease were enrolled. We evaluated falling events from nursing home admission (baseline) to 300 days later. We assessed the knee extension strength and Functional Independence Measure locomotion item and carried out the Mini‐Mental State Examination at baseline. To predict falling, participants were categorized into three classes: those who fell within the first 150 (or 300) days from baseline or those who did not experience a fall within the study period. For each class, 1000 bootstrap datasets were generated using 42 actual sample datasets, and were used to propose a CNN algorithm and cross‐validate the algorithm.ResultsEight (19.0%), 11 (26.2%) and 31 participants (73.8%) fell within 150 or 300 days after the baseline assessment or did not fall until 300 days or later, respectively. The highest accuracy rate of the CNN classification was 0.647 in the factor combination extracted from the Mini‐Mental State Examination score, knee extension strength and Functional Independence Measure locomotion item score.ConclusionsA CNN based on multiple complicating factors could predict the time of falling in nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••–••.
SWI/SNF protein and claudin‐4 expression in anaplastic carcinomas arising in mucinous tumours of the ovary and retroperitoneum
Authors: Chaudet Kristine , Kem Marina , Lerwill Melinda , Young Robert H , Mino‐Kenudson Mari , Agaimy Abbas , McCluggage W Glenn , Oliva Esther 
Published: April 2020

AimsAnaplastic carcinoma arising in a mucinous tumour of the ovary and rarely in the retroperitoneum is an uncommon neoplasm with three morphological patterns; rhabdoid, sarcomatoid and pleomorphic. We investigated expression of switch/sucrose non‐fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodelling complex components and claudin‐4 expression.Methods and resultsTwenty‐two ovarian and three retroperitoneal mucinous tumours were investigated using antibodies against SMARCB1, SMARCA4, SMARCA2, ARID1A and claudin‐4. Loss of nuclear staining for any SWI/SNF protein was observed in the anaplastic component of nine of 25 (36%), with retained expression within the mucinous component of all tumours. Five (56%) showed loss of more than one protein, with dual loss of SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 in two, loss of SMARCA2 and ARID1A in two and loss of SMARCB1 and SMARCA2 in one. Retained expression of claudin‐4 was seen in 39% of the anaplastic carcinomas and within the mucinous component of all tumours. Rhabdoid morphology was associated with poor prognosis [stages III or IV disease (six of six, 100% versus four of 14, 29%; P = 0.0108] and death from disease (three of four, 75% versus one of 13, 8%; P = 0.0223). Although loss of a SWI/SNF protein was not significantly associated with death from disease (three of five, 60% versus one of 12, 8%; P = 0.0525), it showed a trend in correlation with poor prognosis and was often noted in tumours with rhabdoid morphology within this small cohort.ConclusionsOur report adds to the growing list of female genital tract malignancies with loss of SWI/SNF proteins, underlining their broad differential diagnosis and the importance of careful, context‐dependent interpretation of SWI/SNF protein loss.
An observational pilot study using a purified reconstituted bilayer matrix to treat non‐healing diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Armstrong David G. , Orgill Dennis P. , Galiano Robert D. , Glat Paul M. , Kaufman Jarrod P. , Carter Marissa J. , Zelen Charles M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) have significant clinical impact and carry a substantial economic burden. Patients with DFUs that are refractory to standard wound care are at risk for major complications, including infection and amputation and have an increased risk of mortality. This study evaluated the safety and preliminary efficacy of a novel decellularised purified reconstituted bilayer matrix (PRBM) in treating DFUs. Ten diabetic patients with refractory wounds that failed to heal after at least 4 weeks of standard wound care were studied in this Institutional Review Board approved trial. Ten consecutive wounds were treated weekly with the PRBM for up to 12 weeks. At each weekly visit, the wound was evaluated, photographed, and cleaned, followed by application of new graft if not completely epithelialised. Assessment included measurement of the wound area and inspection of the wound site for signs of complications. The primary outcome measure was wound closure, as adjudicated by independent reviewers. Secondary outcomes included assessment of overall adverse events, time to closure, percent area reduction, and the cost of product(s) used. Nine of 10 patients achieved complete wound closure within 4 weeks, and 1 did not heal completely within 12 weeks. The mean time to heal was 2.7 weeks. The mean wound area reduction at 12 weeks was 99%. No adverse events nor wound complications were observed. These early clinical findings suggest that the PRBM may be an effective tool in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
Polyneuropathy is inadequately treated despite increasing symptom intensity in individuals with and without diabetes (PROTECT follow‐up study)
Authors: Ziegler Dan , Landgraf Rüdiger , Lobmann Ralf , Reiners Karlheinz , Rett Kristian , Schnell Oliver , Strom Alexander 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionDespite its major clinical impact, distal symmetric polyneuropathy remains frequently undiagnosed and undertreated in clinical practice. We previously reported in the PROTECT Study that 70% of type 2 diabetes patients with distal symmetric polyneuropathy were unaware of having the latter condition.Materials and MethodsIn the present follow up after 2.5 ± 0.7 years, 122 and 85 participants with and without type 2 diabetes, respectively, completed questionnaires to obtain information about the further course of disease and its management.ResultsAt follow up, 49 and 48% of the respondents with type 2 diabetes and without diabetes, respectively, reported that the intensity of paresthesia or numbness in the feet increased, whereas for burning and pain in the feet the corresponding percentages were 56 and 61%. However, 33 and 40% of the respondents with type 2 diabetes and without diabetes, respectively, reporting neuropathic symptoms at follow up did not receive any pharmacotherapy. Pharmacotherapy of neuropathic symptoms at follow up among participants with type 2 diabetes and without diabetes included mainly World Health Organization Step 1 analgesics (17% each; excluding acetylsalicylic acid), pregabalin/gabapentin (20 and 12%), vitamin B complex (13 and 22%), benfotiamine (13 and 2%), opioids (7 and 12%), antidepressants (4 and 5%) and α‐lipoic acid (4 and 2%).ConclusionsThese findings point to insufficient care, inadequate treatment adherence or limited efficacy of treatments in patients with polyneuropathy, suggesting that effective measures should be implemented to correct these healthcare deficits.
Universal health care ‐ A matter of design and agency?
Authors: Sturmberg Joachimh P. , Martin Carmel M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUniversal health care (UHC) is primarily a financing concern, whereas primary health care (PHC) is primarily concerned with providing the right care at the right time to achieve the best possible health outcomes for individuals and communities. A recent call for contributions by the WHO emphasized that UHC can only be achieved through PHC, and that to achieve this goal will require the strengthening of the three pillars of PHC ‐ (a) enabling primary care and public health to integrate health services, (b) empowering people and communities to create healthy living conditions, and (c) integrating multisectoral policy decisions to ensure UHC that achieves the goal of “health for all.” “Pillars” ‐ as a static metaphor ‐ sends the wrong signal to the research and policy‐making community. It, in fact, contradicts the WHO's own view, namely that there is “the need to strengthen comprehensive primary health care systems based on local priorities, needs and contexts … [that are] co‐developed by people who are engaged in their own health.” What we really need to develop PHC as the basis to achieve the goal of UHC is a dynamic agency to drive a “system‐as‐a‐whole framework” that simultaneously takes into account finance, individual, and local needs. Health systems are socially constructed organizational systems that are “functionally layered” in a hierarchical fashion ‐ governments and/or funders at the top‐level not only promote the goals of the system (policies) but also constrain the system (rules, regulations, resources) in its ability to deliver. Hence, there is a need to focus on two key system features ‐ political leadership and dynamic bottom‐up agency that maintains everyone's focus on the goal to be achieved, and a limitation of system constraints so that communities can shape best adapted primary care services that truly meet the needs of their individuals, families, and community.
Phenotyping non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease by the gut microbiota: Ready for prime time?
Authors: Demir Münevver , Lang Sonja , Martin Anna , Farowski Fedja , Wisplinghoff Hilmar , Vehreschild Maria J.G.T. , Krawczyk Marcin , Nowag Angela , Scholz Claus Jürgen , Kretzschmar Anne , Roderburg Christoph , Lammert Frank , Goeser Tobias , Kasper Philipp , Steffen Hans‐Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimSeveral studies observed alterations in the gut microbiota in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, analyzed patient populations and methods strongly differ among these studies. The aim of this study was to prove the reproducibility of published results and to provide a detailed overview of all findings in our NAFLD cohort using next generation sequencing methods.MethodsThe individual taxonomic microbiota composition of fecal samples from 90 NAFLD patients and 21 healthy controls was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Study participants were grouped according to their disease stage and compared regarding their gut microbiota composition. Studies were identified from PubMed listed publications, and the results were compared with the findings in our cohort.ResultsResults from 13 identified studies were compared with our data. A decreased abundance of the Bacteroidetes and Ruminococcaceae as well as an increased abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Veillonellaceae and Dorea were the most frequently reported changes among NAFLD patients in 4/13, 5/13, 4/13, 2/13, and 3/13 studies, respectively. Even though these alterations in the gut microbiota composition were also observed in our patient cohort, the majority of published differences could not be reproduced, neither in our own nor in other NAFLD cohort studies.ConclusionDespite repeatedly reproduced abundance patterns of specific bacteria, the heterogeneous study results did not reveal a consistent disease specific gut microbiota signature. Further prospective studies with homogenous patient cohorts and standardized methods are necessary to phenotype NAFLD by the gut microbiota.
Investigation of cross‐sectional image analysis method to determine the blending ratio of polyester/cotton yarn
Authors: LU S. , XIN B. , DENG N. , WANG L. , WANG W. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIt has been considered as a great challenge to identify the blending ratio of polyester/cotton yarn in the field of textile industry. A new digital cross‐sectional image processing method based on geometrical shape analysis is proposed to improve the measurement accuracy of polyester/cotton blend ratio. A self‐developed microscope image capturing system is established to digitalise the cross‐sectional images of polyester/cotton blended yarn. One set of image preprocessing algorithm is developed to conduct greyscale inversion, median filtering denoising and binarisation. The specially designed edge detection algorithm is used to identify the continuous profile of fibres. Finally, the roundness value of the cross‐sectional fibre is calculated based on the proposed roundness algorithm, it can be used to identify the polyester/cotton fibres and calculate the blending ratio of them. Our experimental results show that the new digital analysis method proposed in this paper is feasible for the measurement of polyester/cotton blended ratio; therefore, it has a good application prospect in the field of textile quality control, including the development of new equipment, methods and standards.
Selfish genes and sexual selection: the impact of genomic parasites on host reproduction
Authors: Wedell N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSelfish genetic elements (SGEs) such as replicating mobile elements, segregation distorters and maternally inherited endosymbionts, bias their transmission success relative to the rest of the genome to increase in representation in subsequent generations. As such, they generate conflict with the rest of the genome. Such intragenomic conflict is also a hallmark of sexually antagonistic (SA) alleles, which are shared genes between the sexes but that have opposing fitness effects when expressed in males and females. However, whilst both SGEs and SA alleles are recognized as common and potent sources of genomic conflict, the realization that SGEs can also generate sexually antagonistic selection and contribute to sexual conflict in addition to generate sexual selection is largely overlooked. Here, I show that SGEs frequently generate sex‐specific selection and outline how SGEs that are associated with compromised male fertility can shape female mating patterns, play a key role in the dynamics of sex‐determination systems and likely be an important source of sexually antagonistic genetic variation. Given the prevalence of SGEs, their contribution to sexual conflict is likely to be greatly overlooked.