bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of miRNA interactome in active rheumatoid arthritis patients reveals key pathogenic roles of dysbiosis in the infection–immune network
Authors: Guo Donggeng , Lv Jinhan , Chen Xi , Yan Xiaoxu , Ma Fenglian , Liu Yuanyuan , Chen Xu , Xie Jing , Zhang Mingzhu , Jin Zheyu , Cai Lijun , Sun Xichun , Niu Dongsheng , Duan Dayue D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To characterize serum microRNA (miR) and the miR interactome of active RA patients in RA aetiology and pathogenesis.

Methods
The differentially expressed miRs (DEmiRs) in serum of naïve active RA patients (NARAPs, n = 9, into three pools) vs healthy controls (HCs, n = 15, into five pools) were identified with Agilent human miR microarray analysis. Candidate driver genes in epigenetic and pathogenic signalling pathway modules for RA were analysed using miRTarBase and a molecular complex detection algorithm. The interactome of these DEmiRs in RA pathogenesis were further characterized with gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes.

Results
Three upregulated DEmiRs (hsa-miR-187-5p, -4532, -4516) and eight downregulated DEmiRs (hsa-miR-125a-3p, -575, -191-3p, -6865-3p, -197-3p, -6886-3p, -1237-3p, -4436b-5p) were identified in NARAPs. Interactomic analysis from heterogeneous experimentally validated sources yielded 1719 miR–target interactions containing 5.67% strong and 94.33% less strong experimental evidence. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes analyses allocated the upregulated DEmiRs in the infection modules and the downregulated DEmiRs in the immune signalling pathways. Specifically, these DEmiRs revealed the significant contributions of the intestinal microbiome dysbiosis in the infection–inflammation–immune network for activation of T cells, immune pathways of IL-17, Toll-like receptor, TNF, Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, osteoclast cell differentiation pathway and IgA production to the active RA pathogenesis.

Conclusions
Our experiment-based interactomic study of DEmiRs in serum of NARAPs revealed novel clinically relevant miRs interactomes in the infection–inflammation–immune network of RA. These results provide valuable resources for understanding the integrated function of the miR network in RA pathogenesis and the application of circulating miRs as biomarkers for early aetiologic RA diagnosis.
Dissociable neural signatures of passive extinction and instrumental control over threatening events
Authors: Wanke Nadine , Schwabe Lars 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aberrant fear learning processes are assumed to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. Thus, effective behavioral interventions to reduce dysfunctional fear responding are needed. Beyond passive extinction learning, instrumental control over threatening events is thought to diminish fear. However, the neural mechanisms underlying instrumental control—and to what extent these differ from extinction—are not well understood. We therefore contrasted the neural signatures of instrumental control and passive extinction using an aversive learning task, relative to a control condition. Participants (n = 64) could either learn to exert instrumental control over electric shocks, received a yoked number and sequence of shocks without instrumental control or did not receive any shocks. While both passive extinction and instrumental control reduced threat-related skin conductance responses (SCRs) relative to pre-extinction/control, instrumental control resulted in a significantly more pronounced decrease of SCRs. Instrumental control was further linked to decreased striatal activation and increased cross talk of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) with the amygdala, whereas passive extinction was associated with increased vmPFC activation. Our findings demonstrate that instrumental learning processes may shape Pavlovian fear responses and that the neural underpinnings of instrumental control are critically distinct from those of passive extinction learning.
Population variability in social brain morphology for social support, household size and friendship satisfaction
Authors: Taebi Arezoo , Kiesow Hannah , Vogeley Kai , Schilbach Leonhard , Bernhardt Boris C , Bzdok Danilo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The social brain hypothesis proposes that the complexity of human brains has coevolved with increasing complexity of social interactions in primate societies. The present study explored the possible relationships between brain morphology and the richness of more intimate ‘inner’ and wider ‘outer’ social circles by integrating Bayesian hierarchical modeling with a large cohort sample from the UK Biobank resource (n = 10 000). In this way, we examined population volume effects in 36 regions of the ‘social brain’, ranging from lower sensory to higher associative cortices. We observed strong volume effects in the visual sensory network for the group of individuals with satisfying friendships. Further, the limbic network displayed several brain regions with substantial volume variations in individuals with a lack of social support. Our population neuroscience approach thus showed that distinct networks of the social brain show different patterns of volume variations linked to the examined social indices.
Relational Memory in the Early Stage of Psychosis: A 2-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Avery Suzanne N , Armstrong Kristan , McHugo Maureen , Vandekar Simon , Blackford Jennifer Urbano , Woodward Neil D , Heckers Stephan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRelational memory, the ability to bind information into complex memories, is moderately impaired in early psychosis and severely impaired in chronic schizophrenia, suggesting relational memory may worsen throughout the course of illness.MethodsWe examined relational memory in 66 early psychosis patients and 64 healthy control subjects, with 59 patients and 52 control subjects assessed longitudinally at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Relational memory was assessed with 2 complementary tasks, to test how individuals learn relationships between items (face-scene binding task) and make inferences about trained relationships (associative inference task).ResultsThe early psychosis group showed impaired relational memory in both tasks relative to the healthy control group. The ability to learn relationships between items remained impaired in early psychosis patients, while the ability to make inferences about trained relationships improved, although never reaching the level of healthy control performance. Early psychosis patients who did not progress to schizophrenia at follow-up had better relational memory than patients who did.ConclusionsRelational memory impairments, some of which improve and are less severe in patients who do not progress to schizophrenia, are a target for intervention in early psychosis.
Does Educational Handover Influence Subsequent Assessment?
Authors: Dory Valérie , Danoff Deborah , Plotnick Laurie H. , Cummings Beth-Ann , Gomez-Garibello Carlos , Pal Nicole E. , Gumuchian Stephanie T. , Young Meredith 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
Educational handover (i.e., providing information about learners’ past performance) is controversial. Proponents argue handover could help tailor learning opportunities. Opponents fear it could bias subsequent assessments and lead to self-fulfilling prophecies. This study examined whether raters provided with reports describing learners’ minor weaknesses would generate different assessment scores or narrative comments than those who did not receive such reports.

Method
In this 2018 mixed-methods, randomized, controlled, experimental study, clinical supervisors from 5 postgraduate (residency) programs were randomized into 3 groups receiving no educational handover (control), educational handover describing weaknesses in medical expertise, and educational handover describing weaknesses in communication. All participants watched the same videos of 2 simulated resident–patient encounters and assessed performance using a shortened mini-clinical evaluation exercise form. The authors compared mean scores, percentages of negative comments, comments focusing on medical expertise, and comments focusing on communication across experimental groups using analyses of variance. They examined potential moderating effects of supervisor experience, gender, and mindsets (fixed vs growth).

Results
Seventy-two supervisors participated. There was no effect of handover report on assessment scores (F(2, 69) = 0.31, P = .74) or percentage of negative comments (F(2, 60) = 0.33, P = .72). Participants who received a report indicating weaknesses in communication generated a higher percentage of comments on communication than the control group (63% vs 50%, P = .03). Participants who received a report indicating weaknesses in medical expertise generated a similar percentage of comments on expertise compared to the controls (46% vs 47%, P = .98).

Conclusions
This study provides initial empirical data about the effects of educational handover and suggests it can—in some circumstances—lead to more targeted feedback without influencing scores. Further studies are required to examine the influence of reports for a variety of performance levels, areas of weakness, and learners.
Oil and gas production and spontaneous preterm birth in the San Joaquin Valley, CA
Authors: Gonzalez David J. X. , Sherris Allison R. , Yang Wei , Stevenson David K. , Padula Amy M. , Baiocchi Michael , Burke Marshall , Cullen Mark R. , Shaw Gary M. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Recent studies report an association between preterm birth and exposure to unconventional oil and gas wells. There has been limited previous study on exposure to conventional wells, which are common in California. Our objective was to determine whether exposure to well sites was associated with increased odds of spontaneous preterm birth (delivery at <37 weeks).

Methods:
We conducted a case–control study using data on 27,913 preterm birth cases and 197,461 term birth controls. All births were without maternal comorbidities and were located in the San Joaquin Valley, CA, between 1998 and 2011. We obtained data for 83,559 wells in preproduction or production during the study period. We assessed exposure using inverse distance-squared weighting and, for each birth and trimester, we assigned an exposure tertile. Using logistic regression, we estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the association between exposure to well sites and preterm birth at 20–27, 28–31, and 32–36 weeks.

Results:
We observed increased ORs for preterm birth with high exposure to wells in the first and second trimesters for births delivered at ≤31 weeks (adjusted ORs, 1.08–1.14). In stratified analyses, the associations were confined to births to Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black women and to women with ≤12 years of educational attainment. In a secondary analysis, we found evidence that exposure to wells in preproduction is associated with higher concentrations of particulate matter.

Conclusions:
We found evidence that exposure to oil and gas well sites is associated with increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth.
School-based Streptococcal A Sore-throat Treatment Programs and Acute Rheumatic Fever Amongst Indigenous Māori: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Walsh Liam , Innes-Smith Sandra , Wright Janine , Michniewicz Thanjon , Tozer Megan , Humby Jonathan , Ngata Richard , Lennon Diana , Scott-Jones Joseph , Malcolm John 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) predominantly affects indigenous Māori schoolchildren in Bay of Plenty region, and more so male Māori students, especially when socioeconomically deprived. We evaluated the effectiveness of strategies for reducing ARF with group A streptococcal pharyngitis treatment in 2011–18.

Methods:
We retrospectively assessed outcomes of 3 open cohorts of Māori schoolchildren receiving different interventions: Eastern Bay rural Cohort 1, mean deprivation decile 9.80, received school-based sore-throat programs with nurse and general practice (GP) support; Eastern Whakatane township/surrounds Cohort 2, mean deprivation 7.25, GP management; Western Bay Cohort 3, mean deprivation 5.98, received predominantly GP care, but 3 highest-risk schools received school-based programs. Cases were identified from ICD10 ARF-coded hospital discharges, notifications to Ministry of Health, and a secondary-prevention penicillin database. Primary outcomes were first-presentation ARF cohorts’ incidence preintervention (2000–10) and postintervention (2011–18) with cases over annual school rolls’ Māori students-year denominators.

Results:
Overall, ARF in Maori schoolchildren declined in the cohorts with school-based programs. Cohort 1 saw a postintervention (2011–18) decline of 60%, 148 to 59/100,000/year, rate ratio (RR) = 0.40(CI 0.22–0.73) P = 0.002. Males’ incidence declined 190 to 78 × 100,000/year RR = 0.41(CI 0.19–0.85) P = 0.013 and females too, narrowing gender disparities. Cohort 3 ARF incidence decreased 48%, 50 to 26/100,000/year RR = 0.52(CI 0.27–0.99) P = 0.044. In contrast, ARF doubled in Cohort 2 students with GP-only care without school-based programs increasing 30 to 69/100,000/year RR = 2.28(CI 0.99–5.27) P = 0.047, especially for males 39/100,000/year to 107/100,000/year RR = 2.71(CI 1.00–7.33) P = 0.0405.

Conclusions:
School-based programs with indigenous Māori health workers’ sore-throat swabbing and GP/Nurse support reduced first-presentation ARF incidence in Māori students in highest-risk settings.
The Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Tuberculosis in Denmark 2009–2014 Highlights Targets for Prevention
Authors: Nordholm Anne Christine , Holden Inge Kristine , Hartling Ulla Birgitte , Andersen Peter Henrik , Lillbaek Troels , Johansen Isik Somuncu 
Published: June 2020

Background:
In Western Europe, most pediatric tuberculosis (TB) cases occur among immigrants; however, data are rarely stratified by first/second-generation immigrants and many cases may be preventable.

Methods:
This was a nationwide study of children <18 years with TB from 2009 to 2014 in Denmark. Demographic, clinical, microbiologic and treatment outcome data were obtained from registers and medical records.

Results:
We identified 145 cases; 99 were immigrants (68%) of which 54 (55%) were second-generation immigrants. Most first-generation immigrants (73%) were diagnosed by passive case finding as was half the second-generation immigrants (52%), in contrast to Danish children who were mostly diagnosed by active case finding (70%). Symptoms were often nonspecific, and one-third of the children had normal blood tests at time of diagnosis. First-generation immigrants were most often infected abroad (84%) as opposed to Danish children (9%) and second-generation immigrants (30%). Approximately one-third of the children represented cases of TB disease that could possibly have been prevented by screening or rigorous contact tracing. The overall treatment success rate was 97%, and cases of unsuccessful treatment were restricted to immigrant adolescents.

Conclusions:
The majority of pediatric TB in Denmark occurred among immigrant children with symptomatic TB, whereas more Danish children were diagnosed at earlier disease stages. Almost one-third of TB cases may represent missed opportunities to prevent TB disease. Improvements include enhanced adult case detection with comprehensive contact investigation among children, tailored screening and vaccination of immigrant children, and raised awareness of diagnosing and treating latent TB infection in children.
Patterns of Heart Failure Dyadic Illness Management
Authors: Lee Christopher S. , Sethares Kristen A. , Thompson Jessica Harman , Faulkner Kenneth M. , Aarons Emily , Lyons Karen S. 
Published: June 2020

Background
The ways in which patients with heart failure (HF) and their care partners work together to manage HF are often overlooked.

Objective
The aim of this study was to identify and compare different patterns of HF dyadic illness management.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of data on HF dyads. Heart failure management was measured using patient and care partner versions of the Self-Care of HF Index and European HF Self-care Behavior Scale. Latent class modeling was used to identify patterns of HF dyadic management.

Results
The mean age of the 62 patients and their care partners was 59.7 ± 11.8 and 58.1 ± 11.9 years, respectively. A majority of patients (71.0%) had class III/IV HF, and a majority of the couples (95.2%) were married. Two distinct dyadic patterns were observed, 1 collaborative management type (n = 42, 67.7%) and 1 autonomous management type (n = 20, 32.3%). Dyads in the autonomous pattern were mostly female patients with male care partners; patients in this pattern also were more anxious and depressed, and reported worse relationship quality compared with collaborative dyads.

Conclusion
There is an engendered spectrum of collaboration in how HF patient–care partner dyads work together to manage HF that needs to be considered in clinical care and research.
Hemodynamic and Hemostatic Response to Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Exercise in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Kambič Tim , Novaković Marko , Tomažin Katja , Strojnik Vojko , Božič-Mijovski Mojca , Jug Borut 
Published: June 2020

Background
Blood flow–restricted resistance training (BFR-RT) has been proven to be safe and efficacious in healthy older adults, but not in cardiovascular disease.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the acute and training induced effects of BFR-RT on hemostatic and hemodynamic responses in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods
Stable patients with CAD were randomized to 8 weeks of BFR-RT (30%–40% 1-repetition maximum unilateral knee extension) combined with aerobic training or aerobic training alone (control group). At baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks, blood samples were taken before and after BFR exercise, whereas hemodynamic parameters were monitored throughout the exercise.

Results
Twenty-four patients (12 per group; mean age, 60 ± 2 years; mostly male [75%]) completed the study. The BFR-RT significantly improved systolic blood pressure (−10 mm Hg; P = .020) and tended to lower diastolic blood pressure (−2 mm Hg; P = .066). In contrast, no posttraining alterations were observed in N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic hormone, fibrinogen, and D-dimer values. During BFR exercise, all hemodynamic variables significantly increased after the first and second set, whereas blood pressure immediately lowered after the cuff was released in the third set. Last, significant interaction was only observed for repetitions × intensity (P < .001; partial η
2 = 0.908) of diastolic blood pressure at higher exercise intensity (40% 1-repetition maximum).

Conclusions
The BFR-RT was proven to be safe, with favorable hemodynamic and hemostatic responses in patients with CAD, and can be recommended as an additional exercise modality in cardiac rehabilitation.

Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT03087292
Identification of Cardiovascular Patient Groups at Risk for Poor Medication Adherence
Authors: Sieben Angelien , A.W. van Onzenoort Hein , J.H.M. van Laarhoven Kees , Bredie Sebastian J.H. , van Dulmen Sandra 
Published: June 2020

Background
Poor medication adherence limits the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and leads to increased morbidity, mortality, and costs. Identifying groups of patients at risk of poor adherence behavior could enable an intervention to be developed and target patients appropriately.

Objective
The first aim of this study was to identify homogeneous subgroups of cardiovascular outpatients based on their cardiovascular risk factors. Subsequently, differences in medication adherence between these groups were examined.

Methods
In this retrospective, observational study, patients with an established CVD were included. Well-known cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, diet, exercise, blood lipid levels, blood pressure, and body mass index were collected. To identify patient subgroups, a 2-step cluster analytic procedure was performed. Differences between the groups on medication adherence were determined on the outcome of the Modified Morisky Scale. Data collection took place between October 2011 and January 2013.

Results
Cardiovascular risk factors of 530 patients were included in the cluster analysis. Three groups were identified. Compared with other clusters (clusters 1 and 2), cluster 3 contained significantly fewer patients who could be classified as highly adherent and more patients classified as medium adherent (23% and 57%, respectively; P = .024). This group was characterized by a younger age (53% were <55 years old) and using a relatively low number of different medications (41% used <4 different medications). Besides, in this subgroup the most smokers (37%), unhealthy alcohol users (27%), and patients with unhealthy eating habits (14%) were present.

Conclusion
This study showed that cardiovascular patients who are relatively young and have an unhealthy lifestyle are at risk for nonadherent behavior.
Missed Nursing Care During Labor and Birth and Exclusive Breast Milk Feeding During Hospitalization for Childbirth
Authors: Simpson Kathleen Rice , Lyndon Audrey , Spetz Joanne , Gay Caryl L. , Landstrom Gay L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine associations between missed nursing care and nurse staffing during labor and birth, and exclusive breast milk feeding at hospital discharge.

Study Design and Methods:
Labor and birth nurses in three states were surveyed about missed nursing care and their maternity units' adherence to the AWHONN (2010) nurse staffing guidelines for care during labor and birth, using the Perinatal Misscare Survey. Nursing responses were aggregated to the hospital level and estimated associations between missed nursing care, nurse staffing, and hospitals' exclusive breast milk feeding rates were measured using The Joint Commission's Perinatal Care Measure (PC-05).

Results:
Surveys from 512 labor nurses in 36 hospitals were included in the analysis. The mean exclusive breast milk feeding rate was 53% (range 13%–76%). Skin-to-skin care, breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth, and appropriate recovery care were on average occasionally missed (2.33 to 2.46 out of 4; 1 = rarely, 2 = occasionally, 3 = frequently, or 4 = always) and were associated with PC-05 [B(CI) -17.1(-29, -6.3), -17.9(-30.5, -6.2), and -15.4(-28.7, -2.1), respectively]. Adherence with overall staffing guidelines was associated with PC-05 [12.9(3.4, 24.3)]. Missed nursing care was an independent predictor of PC-05 [-14.6(-26.4, -2.7)] in a multilevel model adjusting for staffing guideline adherence, perceived quality, mean age of respondents, and nurse burnout.

Clinical Implications:
Exclusive breast milk feeding is a national quality indicator of inpatient maternity care. Nurses have substantial responsibility for direct support of infant feeding during the childbirth hospitalization. These results support exclusive breast milk feeding (PC-05) as a nurse-sensitive quality indicator.