bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Pre-Operative Air-Powder Polishing and Rubber-Cup Prophylaxis on Tooth Bleaching Outcomes: Randomized Controlled Split-Mouth Clinical Study
Authors: kurklu zeliha gonca bek , ozcan mustafa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim the study to compare the effects of pre-operative air-powder polishing and rubber-cup prophylaxis on tooth bleaching outcomes.Methods: 23 subjects suffering from discoloration, were enrolled in a randomized controlled split mouth experimental study. Before bleaching, air powder polishing and rubber-cup polishing techniques were applied on either side of the mouth and the tooth bleaching effects assessed immediately after and 7 days.Results: No statistically significant difference was found in for DL, Da, Db, DE and DSGU values between air-powder polishing and rubber-cup groups at immediate and 1 week.The difference between immediate and 1 week measurements is statistically significant in both air-powder polishing and rubber-cup groups, except DL for rubber-cup group, and Da, Db for air-powder polishing group.Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that there was no lasting difference in tooth bleaching effects between rubber-cup and air-polishing techniques at immediately after and 1-week post treatment.Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov ID: NCT04407910
Accurate Location of Bone Tunnel in Reconstruction of Coracoclavicular Ligament Based on Three-Dimensional Printing Navigation Module Technology: Virtual Model Vs. Real Model
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Guo-You , Jin Yu-Feng , Xiong Lu-Jing , He Si-Yuan , Yi Gang , Zhou Xin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Reconstruction of coracoclavicular (CC) ligament has become a fundamental surgical method for acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation. Finding accurate location of bone tunnel is a key step in reconstruction of CC ligament. This study aims to explore accurate location of bone tunnel in reconstruction of CC ligament in virtual model vs. real model based on 3-dimensional (3D) printing navigation module technology. Methods: Eighty human shoulders including clavicle and scapula were scanned by dual-source computed tomography (CT). CT scans of shoulder joints including clavicle and scapula were imported and repositioned by Mimics 19.0 software to form a whole model, then find the best bone tunnel through digital optimization design. Next, in Mimics 19.0 and Geomagic Studio software, form the clavicle navigation module as virtual model for 3D printing, thus generate real model. Then 10 parameters of a real bone tunnel and virtual bone tunnel could be measured and compared.Results: Eighty human shoulders including clavicle and scapula were designed and printed successfully. Then 10 parameters of the real and virtual bone tunnel were recorded and compared. No difference was significantly found between the real and virtual bone tunnel in 10 parameters (p>0.05). Conclusions: Based on 3D printing navigation module technology, it was reliable to determine accurate location of bone tunnel for reconstruction of CC ligament, which could reduce the complications.
Diagnosis of a Deep-Seated Intermuscular Angiolipoma Between the Trapezius and Rhomboid Major Muscles
Authors: Adewale Adesanya Olamide , Okeniran Olatayo Segun , Ssempijja Fred , Afodun Adam Moyosore , Olakunle Ojewale Abdulfatai , Ayuba John Tabakwot , Pius Theophilus , Anaya Amnia Diaz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Lipomas are benign tumors contributing 1% of tumors, and 50% of soft tissue tumors. They are usually in subcutaneous tissues, deeply-seated lipomas are rare. To our knowledge, this is one of the few cases of intermuscular lipomas around East Africa. The purpose of this study was to describe the gross and microscopic features of a deep-seated lipoma and its clinical anatomy in the context of a live person.Method: This was an experimental qualitative and quantitative study on specimen from an adult cadaver at the Laboratory of the Department of Human Anatomy of Kampala International University, Western Campus. The lipoma was examined in situ, then excised, measured, weighed, then routine histological tissue processing and examination done.Results: A capsulated homogenous yellow mass was located between the trapezius muscle above and the rhomboid major muscle below, with its prominent blood supply as a continuation of the dorsal scapular blood vessels from the rhomboid. Its weight was 47.03 g, with 8.5 cm x 6.6 cm x 1.7 cm (length, width, and thickness). Microscopic analysis shows mature fat cells and prominent blood vessels (angiogenic blood invasion). Conclusions: This is one of the few cases of intermuscular angiolipomas, may cause severe clinical features due to vessel impingement to adjourning soft tissues, muscles, and joints if the growth continued undiscovered, unabated and treatment not offered on time. Further studies are recommended to establish the aspects of medical, treatment/interventions, family, and psychosocial history, and outcome regarding intermuscular angiolipomas in patients.
Chloroplast Phylogenomic Analyses Resolve Multiple Origins of the Kengyilia Species via Independent Polyploidization Events
Authors: chen shiyong , Yan Hao , Sha Li-Na , Chen Ning , Fan Xing , Zhou Yong-Hong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Kengyilia is a group of allohexaploid species that arose from two hybridization events followed by genome doubling of three ancestral diploid species with different genomes St, Y and P in the wheat tribe. Estimating phylogenetic relationship in resolution of the maternal lineages has been difficult, owing to the extremely low rate of sequence divergence. Here, phylogenetic reconstructions based on the plastome sequences were used to explore the role of maternal progenitors in establishment of Kengyilia polyploid species.ResultsThe plastome sequences of 11 Kengyilia species were analyzed together with 11 tetraploid species (PP, StP, and StY) and 33 diploid taxa representing 20 basic genomes in the Triticeae. Phylogenomic analysis and genetic divergence patterns suggested that (1) Kengyilia is closely related to Roegneria, Pseudoroegneria, Agropyron, Lophopyrum, Thinopyrum, and Dasypyrum; (2) both the StY genome Roegneria tetraploids and the PP genome Agropyron tetraploids severed as the maternal donor during the speciation of Kengyilia species; (3) the different Kengyilia species derived their StY genome from different Roegneria species.ConclusionMultiple origins of species via independent polyploidization events have occurred in the genus Kengyilia, resulting in a maternal haplotype polymorphism. This helps explain the rich diversity and wide adaptation of polyploid species in the genus Kengyilia.
Peptide targeting of the lysolipid-sensing GPR55 for osteoclastogenesis tuning
Authors: Mosca Maria Giovanna , Mangini Maria , Barba Pasquale , Mariggiò Stefania 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The G-protein-coupled receptor GPR55 has been implicated in multiple biological activities, which has fuelled interest in its functional targeting. Its controversial pharmacology and the regulation often species dependent impacted the potential translation of preclinical data involving GPR55.Results: With the aim to identify novel GPR55 regulators, we have started investigating the lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI)-induced GPR55-mediated signal transduction. HeLa cells silenced for their endogenous receptor, by stable expression of a short-hairpin RNA specific for GPR55 5’-UTR, were the expression system for wild-type and mutated GPR55 that allowed the definition of the requirement of GPR55 Lys80 for LPI-induced MAPK activation and receptor internalisation. In RAW264.7 macrophages, GPR55 pathways were investigated by Gpr55 silencing using small-interfering RNAs, demonstrating that LPI increased intracellular Ca2+ levels and induced actin filopodium formation through GPR55 activation. Furthermore, LPI/GPR55 axis was shown to have an active role in the osteoclastogenesis of precursor RAW264.7 cells induced by the ‘receptor-activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand’ (RANKL). Indeed, this differentiation into mature osteoclasts was associated with 14-fold increase in Gpr55 mRNA levels. Moreover, GPR55 silencing or antagonism impaired the RANKL-induced transcription of the osteoclastogenesis markers: ‘nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1’, matrix metalloproteinase-9, cathepsin-K, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and the calcitonin receptor, as evaluated by real-time PCR. Phage display was previously used to identify peptides that bind to GPR55. Here, the GPR55-specific peptide-P1 strongly inhibited osteoclast maturation of RAW264.7 macrophages.Conclusions: As bone-metastasis development can be blocked through inhibition of bone resorption, osteoclasts are strong targets for anti-metastatic treatments, and such GPR55-specific peptides might represent useful tools for novel therapeutic approaches.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Access to Skilled Birth Attendants During Childbirth in Ghana: A Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Kpodotsi Aseye , Baku Elizabeth Aku , Adam Jo Hunter , Alaba Olufunke 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Equitable access to, and use of skilled birth attendance during delivery is vital for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in reducing global maternal deaths to 70 deaths per 100, 000. Although several initiatives have been implemented to reduce maternal mortality in Ghana, inequities in the use of skilled birth attendance during delivery still exist among women of different socioeconomic groups. This study assessed the socioeconomic inequalities related to the use of skilled birth attendants during delivery in Ghana.Methods: This study analyzed data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS). Concentration index (CI) and concentration curves (CC) were employed to measure the magnitude of socioeconomic inequality in the use of skilled birth attendants during child delivery. The concentration index was decomposed to identify the underlying factors driving the inequalities.Results: Out of a total of the 1,305 women who gave birth in the year prior to the interview, 28% of the deliveries had no skilled birth attendants of which 60% lives in rural compared to 40% in urban. A concentration index of 0.147 showed a pro-rich utilization of skilled birth attendance during delivery. The decomposition analysis revealed that wealth, education and location of residence were the major contributors to socioeconomic inequalities in the use of skilled birth attendants during child delivery among Ghanaian women.Conclusion: This study suggests that factors such as wealth, area of residence and education are worthy of increased attention and policy interventions because they are amenable to the reduction of observed inequality.
The Physical and Mental Impact of Surviving Sepsis – A Qualitative Open Interview Study
Authors: Apitzsch Sabine , Larsson Lotta , Larsson Anna-karin , Linder Adam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aims to illuminate how sepsis survivors experience sepsis and the impact of sepsis as well as the quality of life thereafter. Methods: A qualitative open interview study with eight sepsis survivors was performed. A content analysis inspired by Burnard was made. Results: Four main categories emerged during the analysis; The experience of health care and being a sepsis patient, New circumstances´ impact on life, Family and social interactions, and The psychological impact on life. The lack of information on how sepsis can impact the survivors’ lives and what to expect can lead to prolonged agony. The long recovery time comes as an unexpected and unpleasant surprise to those affected. Initially, the sepsis survivors are almost euphoric that they have survived, which can later lead to chock and trauma when they realize that they could have died. This insight needs to be processed in order to reach reconciliation with how life will turn out after sepsis. Conclusion: Sepsis has a huge impact on both physical and mental aspects of life. Many survivors suffer from persistent residual symptoms of varying degrees to which they have to adapt. The sepsis survivors need individually adjusted information about the sepsis recovery trajectory and what to expect during and after the hospital stay.
Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Granules by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS
Authors: Li Tingna , Zeng Hairong , Zhang Xiaorui , Ren Yuanyuan , Zeng Yijia , Gao Yongxiang , huang Qinwan , Tan Jin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Granules (GSZG), which are derived from Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu decoction in China, have good clinical efficacy in Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) especially. However, there is currently no reliable and systematic method to research the effective ingredients of the kind of prescription. Methods: Vanquish Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Q Exactive IV Pole-electrostatic field orbital trap high resolution mass spectrometer (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS), a quick and systematic method was established and apply to analysis the chemical component of GSZG. According to using reference standards comparsion, fragmentation rules elucidation and available databases like mzCloud and the OTCML to identify the components of GSZG.Results: The results showed that it identified a total of 74 components, including 2 chromone, 23 flavonoids, 10 alkaloid, 9 phenolic acid, 8 nucleosides and nucleobases, and 22 other components, were characterized from GSZG. Conclusion: this was the first time to systematically report the compounds of GSZG, the chemical basis inquiry of this work would have a profound impact on mechanism exploration and providing certain reference for the preparation and quality control of GSZG developed by China independently.
Super Electrolyte-Philic Boron Nitride Nanotube Membranes as Highly Robust Separators for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Duan Xidong , Shen Xiaohua , Zhu Jian , Zhang Liqiang , Li Bailing , Zhang Hongmei , Wang Lei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The widespread deployment of lithium ion (Li+) batteries with increasing energy density entails a worsening safety concern. Among many contributing factors, the typical polymer separators are plagued with poor thermal stability,limited mechanical strength and lower Li+ transference number, and are prone to catastrophic failure when subjected to local thermalor mechanical stress (e.g., pierced by lithium dendrites). Herein, we report an all-inorganicnonwoven boron nitride nanotube membrane featuring exceptional chemical stability, thermal stability, fire resistance and mechanical flexibility. The resulting membranes show superior wettability to electrolyte to endow excellent Li+ transport properties with the lowest ionic resistance and the highest Li+ transference number (0.86) when compared with all commercial separators. They can thus function as highly robust separators for Li/Li symmetriccells with ultralow overpotential (8.5 mV) and exceptional reversibility for repeated lithium plating/stripping cycles for over 8000 hours, and for practical LiFePO4/Li cell with unusually high temperature stability. Our study defines a unique class of super electrolyte-philic ceramic separators with favorable mechanical strength, thermal stability and ion transfer properties for advanced lithium batteries.
Effect of ash existence in the coal particles on the dewatering performance of fine coal
Authors: Zhang Suhong , Gao Ni , Zhao Ke 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The dewatering experiments of fine coal with different ash contents in the particle size range of 0.125 mm − 0 mm were investigated in this study. Structures of coal samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and surface functional groups were detected by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Wettability and wetting heats of coal samples were determined by contact angle measurements and micro-calorimeter system, respectively. In this study, the dewatering results indicate that the ash content of fine coal had less effect on the coal dewatering than the coalification degree in the dewatering process. However, for the given coal sample the moisture content was significantly affected by the ash content while the coal particle size was less than 0.125 mm. The decrease of moisture content in coal sample after the ash was removed indicating that the hydrophobic property of coal surface was enhanced based on contact angle measurements and wetting heats. In addition, kaolinite played a primary role of minerals in coal for the coal dewatering.
Effect of Particle size on&nbsp;Biomedical Behaviors&nbsp;of Sub-micron Silk Fibroin
Authors: Li Rou , Li Xiao , Peng Ye , Li Dan ni , Cheng Chao , Jia Guo rong , Zuo Chang jing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Due to the excellent physicochemical and biomedical properties, silk fibroin (SF) is a good source for the development of biomedical materials, where size selection of SF during biological application heavily affects the related biomedical behaviors. In this research, silk fibroin was step-wisely filtered and classified by syringe filter into four particle sizes ranges (< 200 nm, 200-450 nm, 450-800 nm and > 800 nm), and was then labeled with iodine-125 (125I-SF) for nuclear imaging. Super early (0-40 minutes) and primary (1-72 hours) biodistribution of 125I-SF were evaluated in Wistar rats. SEM-proved spherical or irregular silk fibroin powder with mixed size was not reuniting with each other in aqueous solution. For early in vivo distribution, four SF mostly gathered in the gastrointestinal tract (120-140 times to the background (accumulation in upper limb of left hind leg)), and a small amount (20-40 times) in bladder after injection within 40 min. For SF (< 200 nm, 200-450 nm and 450-800 nm) during the first 72 h, although there was decreasing trend over time, the gastrointestinal accumulation still accounted for the majority. Meanwhile, most of the SF in the bladder was expelled within 1 h and SF could be rarely seen in liver. Notably, SF (> 800 nm) almost gathered in the liver instead of the gastrointestinal tract after 10 h and got the peak value (280 times to the background) at around 48 h. The particle size directly determined the passive distribution of SF in vivo, which can not be ignored during drug design. Above all, these preliminary results may be referable for further biomedical application on silk fibroin.
Who is Sharing Physical Activity, Diet and Weight Loss Information on Twitter? An Exploratory Thematic and Source Analysis of Tweets
Authors: O'Kane Niamh Mairead , McKinley Michelle C , Gough Aisling , Badham Jennifer , Ajao Oluwaseun , Kee Frank , Hunter Ruth F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSocial media platforms such as Twitter are used increasingly to consume and share information, including health-related information. Previous research has analysed the obesity conversation on Twitter, but no work to date has explored content related to specific contributing health behaviours, such as physical activity, diet and weight loss. The aim of this study was to identify the content and source of physical activity, diet and weight loss information on Twitter, in order to identify common content and sources of these tweets.Methods Exploratory thematic and source analysis was conducted on tweets containing the words “physical activity”, “diet”, or “weight loss”, collected over a 7-day period in March 2017. Sources were coded as professional, non-professional, or information intermediaries (non-protected titles and potentially misleading terms, such as ‘personal trainer’). Tweets were coded as educational (news and research, guidelines and recommendations), or non-educational (promotional, conversational, behavioural, or directing to another platform).ResultsA 1% sample of tweets (n=1,433) was analysed. The majority of tweets (69.2%) were related to diet, and most tweets were non-educational in nature. Among non-educational tweets, promotion of products or services was the most commonly identified theme (33.4%). Educational tweets comprised just under a third of the sample, and most of these (96.8%; n=455) came from non-professionals or information intermediaries. Most of the educational tweets from a non-professional source (74.0%; n=296) were providing advice in the form of recommendations or guidelines. Only 1.3% of all tweets came from a professional source. ConclusionsOnly 3% of the educational information shared on Twitter regarding physical activity, diet and weight loss came from a professional source. This suggests that Twitter users are at high risk of receiving information from non-professional sources, which may include non-evidence-based information or potentially harmful misinformation.
Microbicidal actives with virucidal efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and other beta- and alpha-coronaviruses: implications for future emerging coronaviruses and other enveloped viruses
Authors: Ijaz M. Khalid , Nims Raymond W. , Zhou Sifang Steve , Whitehead Kelly , Sriniva Vanita , Kapes Tanya , Fanuel Semhar , Epstein Jonathan H. , Daszak Peter , Rubino Joseph R. , McKinney Julie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Mitigating the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 or other coronaviruses requires awareness of the survival of virus on high-touch environmental surfaces (HITES) and skin, and frequent use of targeted microbicides with virucidal efficacy. We evaluated the efficacies of formulated microbicidal actives against alpha- and beta-coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2.Infectious coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2, human coronavirus 229E, bovine coronavirus, murine hepatitis virus-1, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, were deposited on prototypic HITES or spiked into liquid matrices along with organic soil loads. Alcohol-, quaternary ammonium compound-, hydrochloric acid-, organic acid-, p-chloro-m-xylenol-, and sodium hypochlorite-based microbicidal formulations were evaluated per global standardized ASTM International and EN methodologies. All evaluated formulated microbicides inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses in suspension or on prototypic HITES. Virucidal efficacies ( ≥3 to ≥6 log10 reduction) were displayed within 30 s to 5 min. Coronaviruses, like other lipid-enveloped viruses, are susceptible to commonly used microbicides. We confirmed the virucidal efficacy of a variety of commercially available formulated microbicides against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. These formulated microbicidal actives should be useful for targeted surface and hand hygiene and disinfection of liquids, as part of infection prevention and control for SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging enveloped viruses.