bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usage ofMODIS NDVIto evaluate the effect of soil and water conservation measures on vegetation in Burkina Faso
Authors: Nyamekye Clement , Schönbrodt‐Stitt Sarah , Amekudzi Leonard K. , Zoungrana Benewinde J.‐B. , Thiel Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe dramatic droughts in West Africa from the 1960s to the 1990s compelled Burkina Faso to implement soil and water conservation (SWC) measures in the late 1970s. The purpose was to combat land degradation (e.g., desertification) in areas that experienced a decrease in vegetation productivity. In this study, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) trends from 2002 to 2016 were analyzed using the Mann‐Kendall test to explore the spatio‐temporal variations of vegetation at SWC and non‐SWC sites in selected regions of Burkina Faso. On average, NDVI increased by 3.6% annually from 2002 to 2016. Approximately 81% of the SWC sites experienced increasing (greening) trends, whereas 78% of the non‐SWC sites showed negative (browning) trends. Typically, SWC measures in Burkina Faso, such aszai(traditional planting pits use to foster the retention of soil moisture and increase soil nutrients) and half‐moons, are considered to have significant impacts on vegetation changes as visible from the NDVI. The results demonstrate that the implementation of SWC measures distinctly influences the vegetation growth in Burkina Faso. Thus, these findings could support regional and local informed decision‐making in the context of sustainable land use planning and evaluation of ecosystem services.
Adaptive optimal tracking control for multi‐joint manipulator on space robot
Authors: Xie Yaen , Yan Yuehui , Shi Zhen , Wu Xiande , Cui Hongtao , Zhang Zhidan 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis paper aims to address the tracking control problem for the multi‐joint manipulator on a space robot subject to model uncertainties and external disturbances. A Gauss‐Newton interactive optimization algorithm is used to obtain the desired joint angle for each joint. In order to formulate the optimization problem, the Denaait‐Hartenberg (D‐H) method is employed to describe the model of the multi‐joint manipulator. Subsequently, an adaptive controller is developed to achieve tracking control, where controller parameters updated in real time are introduced to handle the nondeterminacy of the multi‐joint manipulator. Moreover, a fuzzy control strategy is composed such that our designed controller is robust against the complex environment as well. The controller design is performed by means of the Lyapunov techniques. Meanwhile, its effectiveness is verified through numerical simulations. Finally, some concluding remarks close the paper.
An integrated strategy for profiling the chemical components of Scutellariae Radix and their exogenous substances in rats by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Fengxiang , Li Ziting , Li Min , Yuan Yulinglan , Cui Shuangshuang , Chen Jiaxu , Li Ruiman 
Published: May 2020

RationaleTraditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) attract worldwide attention because of their effects in clinical application recorded in China historical ancient codes and in records, such as ‘Treatise on Febrile Diseases’. With the developments of drug analysis and research, evaluating the in vivo substances in TCMs has become of great importance. Scutellariae Radix (SR, named as huang‐qing in China), the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has shown favorable clinical effects and safety in the treatment of infection diseases; however, its in vivo compounds are unclear and need detailed investigation.MethodsAn ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF MS) method coupled to an integrated strategy involving diagnostic ions, neutral losses and a prediction platform was used to explore the constituents of SR, and their exogenous substances in rats.ResultsA total of 118 chemical constituents mainly featuring five chemical structure types (flavone C‐glycosides, flavone O‐glycosides, free flavones, flavanones and phenylethanoid glycosides) were identified or tentatively characterized in SR, and 175 xenobiotics (68 prototypes and 107 metabolites) were profiled in rat plasma, urine, bile and feces after ingestion of SR. The metabolites were classified into four related chemical groups: flavone C‐glycosides, flavone O‐glycosides, flavanones and phenylethanoid glycosides. Phase II metabolism reactions, such as glucuronidation and sulfation, were the major metabolic reactions in addition to phase I reactions of hydrolysis and hydrogenation. The corresponding main metabolic features of SR in rats were also elucidated.ConclusionsThe metabolism of SR, as a whole, was systemically revealed for the first time, and our work also provided meaningful information for pharmacokinetics studies and pharmacological analysis of SR in future work.
Effect of geogrid reinforcement on the strains at compressive zone of concrete pavements
Authors: Al‐Hedad Abbas Sahib Abd‐Ali , Hadi Muhammad N. S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe current study investigated the effect of geogrid reinforcement on the fatigue behavior of concrete beam specimens in terms of the development of strains at the compressive zone. The concrete beam specimens having the dimensions of 150 mm × 150 mm × 550 mm were either unreinforced, reinforced with one layer of triaxial geogrid or reinforced with two layers of triaxial geogrid. The strains at the compressive zone of specimens were measured using strain gauges (SGs) fixed at two locations. The SGs of the first location were placed at the top of the specimens. The SGs of the second location were placed at 13 mm from the top of the specimens. The concrete beam specimens were tested under cyclic four‐point bending loads with a frequency of 7 Hz. The cyclic four‐point bending loads were carried out under a load control with a sinusoidal waveform for several stress levels. Test results indicated that triaxial geogrid reduced the average strains at the compressive zone by about 16% of the concrete beam specimens reinforced with one layer of geogrid and by about 25% of the concrete beam specimens reinforced with two layers of geogrid in comparison with unreinforced concrete beam specimens. The average rate of strain development at the compressive zone of geogrid reinforced concrete beam specimens was significantly lower than that of the unreinforced concrete beam specimens. In addition, the strains at the compressive zone of the concrete beam specimens reduced with increasing the number of geogrid layers.
Reflexionsseismische Messungen in Fließgewässern und Stauräumen
Authors: Heine Erwin , Golja Marina , Habersack Helmut , Hauer Christoph 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungInformationen über den Internaufbau der oberen Sedimentschichten sind sowohl für aktuelle Monitoring-Maßnahmen als auch für prognostische Prozessmodellierungen des Sedimenttransports von großer Bedeutung. Seismische Verfahren bieten hier eine sehr gute Möglichkeit zur linienhaften Erfassung dieser Grundlagendaten. Ihre Anwendbarkeit ist jedoch eine Frage der vorliegenden Objekteigenschaften (Wassertiefe, Strömung etc.) und die Qualität der Ergebnisse, wie Eindringtiefe und Auflösung der Sedimentstrukturen, wird stark von systemspezifischen Parametern und Sedimentbeschaffenheit beeinflusst. Dieser Beitrag behandelt den Einsatz von zwei hochauflösenden und kompakten Seeseismik-Systemen zur Detektion des Sedimentaufbaus in Gewässern mit grundsätzlich unterschiedlichem Sohlaufbau. Mit den parametrischen Sub-Bottom-Profilern (SBP) der Firmen Innomar und Kongsberg Maritime wurden umfangreiche Sedimentecholotungen des Absetzbeckens von Rottau (Schluff) sowie an zwei Teilabschnitten der Donau (Kies) durchgeführt. Ein Vergleich von Sedimentkernauswertungen mit den resultierenden Echogrammen lässt auf das große Potenzial von SBP bei Feinsedimentböden schließen, Analysen zeigen allerdings auch Anwendungsgrenzen im Kiesbereich auf. Zumindest bei Böden mit geringer Kiesdeckschicht finden sich aber spezielle Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und so gibt die Summe der bisherigen Erkenntnisse Anlass für weiterführende Untersuchungen mit SBPs bzw. alternativen seismischen Methoden.
Sparse-Lagrangian PDF Modelling of Silica Synthesis from Silane Jets in Vitiated Co-flows with Varying Inflow Conditions
Authors: Neuber Gregor , Kronenburg Andreas , Stein Oliver T. , Garcia Carlos E. , Williams Benjamin A. O. , Beyrau Frank , Cleary Matthew J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a comparison of experimental and numerical results for a series of turbulent reacting jets where silica nanoparticles are formed and grow due to surface growth and agglomeration. We use large-eddy simulation coupled with a multiple mapping conditioning approach for the solution of the transport equation for the joint probability density function of scalar composition and particulate size distribution. The model considers inception based on finite-rate chemistry, volumetric surface growth and agglomeration. The sub-models adopted for these particulate processes are the standard ones used by the community. Validation follows the “paradigm shift” approach where elastic light scattering signals (that depend on particulate number and size), OH- and SiO-LIF signals are computed from the simulation results and compared with “raw signals” from laser diagnostics. The sensitivity towards variable boundary conditions such as co-flow temperature, Reynolds number and precursor doping of the jet is investigated. Agreement between simulation and experiments is very good for a reference case which is used to calibrate the signals. While keeping the model parameters constant, the sensitivity of the particulate size distribution on co-flow temperature is predicted satisfactorily upstream although quantitative differences with the data exist downstream for the lowest coflow temperature case that is considered. When the precursor concentration is varied, the model predicts the correct direction of the change in signal but notable qualitative and quantitative differences with the data are observed. In particular, the measured signals show a highly non-linear variation while the predictions exhibit a square dependence on precursor doping at best. So, while the results for the reference case appear to be very good, shortcomings in the standard submodels are revealed through variation of the boundary conditions. This demonstrates the importance of testing complex nanoparticle synthesis models on a flame series to ensure that the physical trends are correctly accounted for.
struc2gauss: Structural role preserving network embedding via Gaussian embedding
Authors: Pei Yulong , Du Xin , Zhang Jianpeng , Fletcher George , Pechenizkiy Mykola 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNetwork embedding (NE) is playing a principal role in network mining, due to its ability to map nodes into efficient low-dimensional embedding vectors. However, two major limitations exist in state-of-the-art NE methods: role preservation and uncertainty modeling. Almost all previous methods represent a node into a point in space and focus on local structural information, i.e., neighborhood information. However, neighborhood information does not capture global structural information and point vector representation fails in modeling the uncertainty of node representations. In this paper, we propose a new NE framework, struc2gauss, which learns node representations in the space of Gaussian distributions and performs network embedding based on global structural information. struc2gauss first employs a given node similarity metric to measure the global structural information, then generates structural context for nodes and finally learns node representations via Gaussian embedding. Different structural similarity measures of networks and energy functions of Gaussian embedding are investigated. Experiments conducted on real-world networks demonstrate that struc2gauss effectively captures global structural information while state-of-the-art network embedding methods fail to, outperforms other methods on the structure-based clustering and classification task and provides more information on uncertainties of node representations.
Challenging the Adaptationist Paradigm: Morphogenesis, Constraints, and Constructions
Authors: Tamborini Marco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that the German morphological tradition made a major contribution to twentieth-century study of form. Several scientists paved the way for this research: paleontologist Adolf Seilacher (1925–2014), entomologist Hermann Weber (1899–1956), and biologist Johann-Gerhard Helmcke (1908–1993) together with architect Frei Otto (1925–2015). All of them sought to examine morphogenetic processes to illustrate their inherent structural properties, thus challenging the neo-Darwinian framework of evolutionary theory. I point out that the German theoretical challenge to adaptationist thinking was possible through an exchange and transfer of practices, data, technologies, and knowledge between biologically oriented students of form and architects, designers, and engineers. This exchange of practices and knowledge was facilitated by the establishment of two collaborative research centers at the beginning of the 1970s. Hence, by showing the richness of topics, methods, and technologies discussed in German-speaking morphology between 1950 and the 1970s, this paper paves the way to a much broader comprehension of the shifts that have shaped twentieth-century evolutionary biology.
Seismic study of soda straws exposed to nearby blasting vibrations
Authors: Bottelin P. , Baillet L. , Mathy A. , Garnier L. , Cadet H. , Brenguier O. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis research study has been developed to preserve a remarkable soda straw population from vibrations emitted by nearby rock blasting. The Choranche stalactite cave (Vercors, France) contains thousands of exceptionally long soda straws reaching a few meters in length for ~ 0.5 cm in diameter. These slender speleothems are very vulnerable to vibrations not only because of their structural fragility but also because of their dynamic amplification. We found that soda straws’ first natural frequencies lie within the frequency range emitted by nearby rock blasting works (ten to hundreds of Hz). We used in situ blast records, laboratory characterization, and a dynamic 2D finite element code to simulate the load experienced by the soda straw population. We show that induced loads may be increased by a factor 5 due to resonance. Consequently, short soda straws (0.1–1 m) were found more vulnerable to nearby blasting vibrations than longer speleothems (> 1 m), despite greater own weight and inertial forces for the latter. Simulations made on several blast tests yielded an admissible 2.4 mm/s peak particle velocity along the cave. Subsequent blasting works were carried out in compliance with this threshold with no harm done to the soda straw population. We also computed the dynamic response of soda straws exposed to a regional earthquake. In this case, longer speleothems (> 1 m) are primarily affected by resonance because of ground motion lower frequency content. We show that the omission of dynamic resonance or its simplification as made in previous studies may significantly underestimate the induced load in speleothems.
Prospective Associations between Popularity, Victimization, and Aggression in Early Adolescence
Authors: Malamut Sarah T. , Luo Tana , Schwartz David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent research has highlighted an understudied phenomenon in the peer victimization literature thus far: the overlap between high status (i.e., popularity) and victimization. However, the research on this phenomenon has primarily been cross-sectional. The current investigation uses a longitudinal design to address two questions related to high-status victims. First, the present study examined prospective associations between popularity and two forms of indirect victimization (reputational victimization and exclusion). Second, this study examined elevated aggression as a consequence of high-status youth’s victimization (using self- and peer- reports of victimization). Participants were 370 adolescents (Mage = 14.44, range = 14.00–16.00; 56.5% girls) who were followed for 1 year. Both high and low levels of popularity were prospectively associated with reputational victimization. Moreover, popularity moderated the association between self-reported indirect victimization (but not peer-reported indirect victimization) and aggression. The results help build toward a more comprehensive understanding of both victimization and aggression in adolescence. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for a cycle of aggression in youth and the lowered effectiveness of bullying interventions in adolescence.
A Large-Scale Replication of the Effectiveness of the KiVa Antibullying Program: a Randomized Controlled Trial in the Netherlands
Authors: Huitsing Gijs , Lodder Gerine M. A. , Browne Wiliam J. , Oldenburg Beau , Van der Ploeg Rozemarijn , Veenstra René 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study evaluates the effectiveness of the KiVa antibullying program in the Netherlands through a randomized controlled trial of students in grades 3–4 (Dutch grades 5–6). The sample involved 98 schools who volunteered to participate in the research, with 245 classes and 4383 students at the baseline (49% girls;Mage = 8.7 years), who participated in five measurement waves, collected in three consecutive school years. After the baseline, two-thirds of the schools were assigned to the intervention condition (KiVa or KiVa+, the latter included an additional intervention component of network feedback to teachers) and one-third to the control condition (waiting list, care as usual) with a stratified randomization procedure. The effects of the intervention on self-reported victimization and bullying were tested using cross-classified ordered multinomial models and binomial logistic regression models. These longitudinal models showed that self-reported victimization and bullying reduced more strongly in KiVa-schools compared with control schools, with stronger effects after two school years than after one school year of implementation. The results showed that for students in control schools, the odds of being a victim were 1.29–1.63 higher, and the odds of being a bully were 1.19–1.66 higher than for KiVa students. No significant differences between KiVa and KiVa+ emerged. Overall, the findings provide evidence of the effectiveness of the KiVa program in the Netherlands.
Concerns of Organic Contamination for Sample Return Space Missions
Authors: Chan Queenie Hoi Shan , Stroud Rhonda , Martins Zita , Yabuta Hikaru 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAnalysis of organic matter has been one of the major motivations behind solar system exploration missions. It addresses questions related to the organic inventory of our solar system and its implication for the origin of life on Earth. Sample return missions aim at returning scientifically valuable samples from target celestial bodies to Earth. By analysing the samples with the use of state-of-the-art analytical techniques in laboratories here on Earth, researchers can address extremely complicated aspects of extra-terrestrial organic matter. This level of detailed sample characterisation provides the range and depth in organic analysis that are restricted in spacecraft-based exploration missions, due to the limitations of the on-boardin-situinstrumentation capabilities. So far, there are four completed and in-process sample return missions with an explicit mandate to collect organic matter: Stardust and OSIRIS-REx missions of NASA, and Hayabusa and Hayabusa2 missions of JAXA. Regardless of the target body, all sample return missions dedicate to minimise terrestrial organic contamination of the returned samples, by applying various degrees or strategies of organic contamination mitigation methods. Despite the dedicated efforts in the design and execution of contamination control, it is impossible to completely eliminate sources of organic contamination. This paper aims at providing an overview of the successes and lessons learned with regards to the identification of indigenous organic matter of the returned samples vs terrestrial contamination.
Mathematical practice and epistemic virtue and vice
Authors: Tanswell Fenner Stanley , Kidd Ian James 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhat sorts of epistemic virtues are required for effective mathematical practice? Should these be virtues of individual or collective agents? What sorts of corresponding epistemic vices might interfere with mathematical practice? How do these virtues and vices of mathematics relate to the virtue-theoretic terminology used by philosophers? We engage in these foundational questions, and explore how the richness of mathematical practices is enhanced by thinking in terms of virtues and vices, and how the philosophical picture is challenged by the complexity of the case of mathematics. For example, within different social and interpersonal conditions, a trait often classified as a vice might be epistemically productive and vice versa. We illustrate that this occurs in mathematics by discussing Gerovitch’s historical study of the aggressive adversarialism of the Gelfand seminar in post-war Moscow. From this we conclude that virtue epistemologies of mathematics should avoid pre-emptive judgments about the sorts of epistemic character traits that ought to be promoted and criticised.
Active Ageing Index in Russia - Identifying Determinants for Inequality
Authors: Varlamova Maria , Sinyavskaya Oxana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper is aimed at the development of a tool analysing the AAI results for the Russian older citizens from different population groups, as well as at identifying factors underlying the inequalities in active ageing outcomes by calculation the AAI on the national and individual levels. The adaptation of the methodology of the AAI to the individual-level data and the limitations of the approach are explicitly explained. The older generations of Russia show relatively high levels of education, financial security and engagement in family care, especially in the care to children. The most significant potential for development have employment, volunteering, political engagement, physical activity, lifelong learning and use of the Internet. The calculation of the AAI at the individual level has revealed significant inequalities in the degree of realisation of potential in different areas of active ageing. The results of the project provide scientific evidence for the implementation of policy measures in the target groups. The high correlation of the index values with human capital indicators (health and education) underlines the importance of the early interventions aimed at promoting and supporting human capital at the earlier stages of the life course till the old age. The substantial positive connection of employment with other forms of activity stresses the necessity of developing a package of activation policy measures aimed at the retention of older adults in the labour market. At the same time, the statistical analysis showed the absence of a “dilemma of choice” between certain types of activity of the older generation, for example, between caring for grandchildren and employment, or employment and volunteering - the potential in different areas may be increased simultaneously.