bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School‐based bullying experiences as reflected by adults with visual impairments
Authors: Haegele Justin A. , Zhu Xihe , Holland Steven K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the reflections of adults with visual impairments regarding bullying experiences during their school‐based education. An interpretative phenomenological analysis research approach was used and 11 participants (aged 20–35 years; seven women, four men) participated in this study. The sources of data were semi‐structured audiotaped telephone interviews and reflective field notes. Thematic development was undertaken utilizing a three‐step analytical process guided by the research approach. Based on the data analysis, three interrelated themes were constructed: (a) “It would be when they knew there weren't teachers watching”: bullying experiences in unowned and unstructured spaces; (b) “Going through the motions”: feelings about verbal, social, and physical victimization; and (c) “They had their own insecurities”: understanding the bullies and bystanders. The emerged themes provide a unique insight into the way in which those with visual impairments experienced bullying in schools and the meaning they ascribed to those experiences.
Global Interactome Mapping of Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space Proteases Identifies a Novel Function for HTRA2
Authors: Botham Aaron , Coyaud Etienne , Nirmalanandhan Victor Sanjit , Gronda Marcela , Hurren Rose , Maclean Neil , St‐Germain Jonathan , Mirali Sara , Laurent Estelle , Raught Brian , Schimmer Aaron 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA number of unique proteases localize to specific sub‐compartments of the mitochondria, but the functions of these enzymes are poorly defined. Here, in vivo proximity‐dependent biotinylation (BioID) is used to map the interactomes of seven proteases localized to the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS). In total, 802 high confidence proximity interactions with 342 unique proteins are identified. While all seven proteases co‐localized with the IMS markers OPA1 and CLPB, 230 of the interacting partners are unique to just one or two protease bait proteins, highlighting the ability of BioID to differentiate unique interactomes within the confined space of the IMS. Notably, high‐temperature requirement peptidase 2 (HTRA2) interacts with eight of 13 components of the mitochondrial intermembrane space bridging (MIB) complex, a multiprotein assembly essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial cristae structure. Knockdown of HTRA2 disrupts cristae in HEK 293 and OCI‐AML2 cells, and leads to increased intracellular levels of the MIB subunit IMMT. Using a cell‐free assay it is demonstrated that HTRA2 can degrade recombinant IMMT but not two other core MIB complex subunits, SAMM50 and CHCHD3. The IMS protease interactome thus represents a rich dataset that can be mined to uncover novel IMS protease biology.
One‐pot exchange reaction of acyl hydrazone combined with radical polymerization of styrene derivatives bearing acyl hydrazone moieties
Authors: Nagai Daisuke , Kobayashi Kazutoshi , Nakamura Kento , Yamanobe Takeshi 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTWe developed a one‐pot reaction combining an exchange reaction of the benzylidene moiety in an acyl hydrazone with styrene radical polymerization. The one‐pot reaction of a styrene derivative bearing a 4‐(dimethylamino)benzylidene acyl hydrazone moiety was conducted in the presence of 4‐cyanobenzaldehyde and pyridinium p‐toluene sulfonate/H2O for the exchange reaction and AIBN as the radical polymerization initiator in N,N‐dimethylformamide at 70 °C for 20 h. The exchange reaction proceeded quantitatively, with the 4‐(dimethylamino)benzylidene acyl hydrazone moiety being exchanged with 4‐(methoxy)benzylidene acyl hydrazone, and polymerization proceeded smoothly to provide the corresponding polymer in 70% yield. Compared to traditional stepwise methods and polymer post‐polymerization modifications, this one‐pot system exhibits distinct advantages for the facile and efficient preparation of various functional polymers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2505–2510
Synthesis of Poly(Arylene Alkenylene)s by Pd‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling Polycondensation of Diiodoarenes, Non‐Conjugated Dienes, and Nucleophiles that Involves Chain Walking Isomerization
Authors: Tan Liyi , Takeuchi Daisuke , Osakada Kohtaro 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe Pd‐catalyzed three‐component coupling polycondensation of diiodoarenes, nonconjugated dienes, and carbonucleophiles afforded poly(arylene alkenylene)s with moderate molecular weight in good yield. The reaction involves Mizoroki‐Heck coupling, olefin migration via chain walking, and addition of the carbonucleophile to the resulting π‐allylpalladium species. The polymerization with a slight excess of nucleophile with respect to diiodoarene also proceeded to give the polymer without significant decrease in molecular weight in spite of the nonstoichiometric mixture of the monomers. The Pd‐catalyzed three‐component coupling polycondensation of diiodoarenes, nonconjugated dienes, and diimide also proceeded. The base used in the reaction is critical for yield and molecular weight of the product. The reaction using NaHCO3 afforded the product with low solubility, which can be explained by the high molecular weight of the polymer and/or the strong interaction of the electron donating dimethoxyphenylene groups and electron accepting diimide groups in the polymer. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2535–2542
Influence of Storage Period on the Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Digestibility of Starch in Packaged Cooked Chestnut Kernel
Authors: Ding Tianyi , Kan Lina , Wu Yanwen , Bai Yun , Ouyang Jie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLong shelf life is important for industrially packaged cooked chestnut kernel. This study aims to investigate the physicochemical and digestive properties of starch in cooked chestnut stored for varying periods of up to 12 months. Apparent amylose content decreases significantly during the initial storage period of 2 months and then increases gradually in the succeeding 10 months. During storage, the degree of gelatinization decreases, whereas the degree of retrogradation (DR) increases. The relative crystallinity of cooked chestnut starch increases during storage and shows a significant positive correlation with DR. The content of rapidly digestible starch (RDS) decreases significantly during shelf life. Starch retrogradation and relative crystallinity exhibit a significant negative correlation with RDS content, and the short‐range molecular order of starch is negatively correlated with the content of slowly digestible starch. The results indicate that the digestibility of cooked chestnut kernel decreases during storage because of an increase in the crystallinity of starch.
Deciphering retinal diseases through the generation of three dimensional stem cell-derived organoids: Concise Review
Authors: Artero Castro Ana , Rodríguez Jimenez Francisco Javier , Jendelova Pavla , Erceg Slaven 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) retinal organoids, in vitro tissue structures derived from self-organizing cultures of differentiating human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells, could recapitulate some aspects of the cytoarchitectural structure and function of the retina in vivo. 3D retinal organoids display huge potential for the investigation of the pathogenesis of monogenic hereditary eye diseases that are related to the malfunction or degeneration of photoreceptors or retinal ganglion cells by providing an effective in vitro tool with multiple applications. In combination with recent genome editing tools, 3D retinal organoids could also represent a reliable and renewable source of transplantable cells for personalized therapies. In this review, we describe the recent advances in human pluripotent stem cells-derived retinal organoids, determination of their histoarchitecture, complexity, and maturity. We also discuss their application as a means to decipher the pathogenesis of retinal diseases, as well as the main drawbacks and challenges. Stem Cells 2019;37:1496–1504
Evaluating the Effects of Barriers on Slimy Sculpin Movement and Population Connectivity Using Novel Sibship‐based and Traditional Genetic Metrics
Authors: Weinstein Spencer Y. , Coombs Jason A. , Nislow Keith H. , Riley Chris , Roy Allison H. , Whiteley Andrew R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPopulation genetics‐based approaches can provide robust and cost‐effective ways to assess the effects of potential barriers, including dams and road‐stream crossings, on the passage and population connectivity of aquatic organisms. Determining the best way to apply and modify genetic tools for different species and situations is essential for making these genetics‐based approaches broadly applicable to fisheries and aquatic habitat management. Here, we used multiple genetic approaches to assess the movement and population structure of Slimy Sculpin Cottus cognatus at two road‐stream crossings in Michigan and one dam in Massachusetts, USA. We captured and genotyped individual sculpin and assessed movement and population connectivity by using (1) a sibship‐based approach, where the presence and proportional distribution of siblings on either side of a barrier indicates population connectivity and the possible direction of movement (i.e., presumed movement from higher to lower proportions), and (2) two Bayesian genetic assignment approaches (STRUCTURE and BayesAss) to identify migrants across potential barriers based on individual population assignment probabilities. We also used traditional genetic metrics to assess within‐population genetic variation and among‐population genetic divergence. At all three locations, we found evidence for sculpin movement across the potential barrier based on sibship reconstruction, but small family sizes limited the ability of this approach to provide robust estimates of the rate and direction of movement. At two sites, a lack of genetic differentiation between above‐ and below‐barrier populations limited the effectiveness of the genetic assignment methods for identifying possible migrants. At the third site, reduced upstream allelic diversity and effective number of breeders resulted in high genetic differentiation (FST) between above‐ and below‐barrier populations, and both sibship and genetic assignment methods provided strong evidence of limited connectivity and bias against upstream movement. Overall, combining approaches and metrics may help overcome the limitations of any one method and maximize the value of datasets for genetics‐based monitoring and assessment.
Examining tensions in the socioscientific issues classroom: Students' border crossings into a new culture of science
Authors: Lee Hyunok , Lee Hyunju , Zeidler Dana L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the socioscientific issues (SSI) classroom, students need to cross the border between the subcultures of science (i.e., school science vs. everyday science). Traditional school contexts tend to present science as positivistic knowledge and unshakable truth unaffected by sociocultural factors. In contrast, everyday science, including SSI, is more nuanced, context‐based, socially and culturally embedded. Thus, learning in an SSI classroom requires students to make additional efforts to successfully navigate between the subcultures of science. The expected norms located within these two educational contexts can create academic and sociocultural tensions for students. It is therefore necessary to explore the tensions caused these differential norms in order to successfully implement SSI. Through the lens of cultural‐historical activity theory, we attempted to identify possible tensions that originate by implementing SSI instruction in a setting where teachers and students are accustomed to traditional lecture‐based classroom instruction. One hundred thirty ninth graders at a public middle school located in Seoul, South Korea, participated in SSI programs on genetic modification technology during seven class periods over three to 4 weeks. Data was collected by classroom observation, audio‐taping while students participated in various types of discourse, and semistructured interviews. We identified four noteworthy phenomena including intolerance of uncertainty, scientism, a sense of rivalry, and reaching an expedient and easy consensus. By revealing and understanding these tensions and phenomena, we aim to help inform teachers (and teacher educators) recognize instructional clues that can change not only students' epistemological views and attitudes toward science and science classes, but also better navigate the norms of classroom culture.
Oxidative stress, immunological response, and heat shock proteins induction in the Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis following avermectin exposure
Authors: Hong Yuhang , Huang Yi , Huang Zhiqiu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, the Chinese mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis were exposed to avermectin at 0.03, 0.06, 0.12, 0.24, and 0.48 mg/L respectively for 96 hours. The results showed that levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in hepatopancreas were slightly induced at concentration of 0.03 and 0.06 mg/L, but significantly (P < .05) decreased at higher concentrations, meanwhile similar trend of the activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme were observed. Significant induction of HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA expression was detected at 24 hours whereas no significant change was found in HSP60. In addition, levels of reactive oxygen species in hepatocytes increased in dose‐ and time‐ dependent manners, and cell viabilities of hepatocytes and haemocytes decreased. These results indicated that sublethal concentration exposure of avermectin had a prominent oxidative stress effect on E. sinensis based on the antioxidative and immunological activity inhibition, and HSP60, 70, and 90 perform a protective response during the exposure.
Churn prediction in Turkey's telecommunications sector: A proposed multiobjective–cost‐sensitive ant colony optimization
Authors: Özmen Mihrimah , Aydoğan Emel K. , Delice Yılmaz , Toksarı M. Duran 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPlayers in the telecommunications sector struggle against the competition to keep customers, and therefore they need effective churn management. Most classification algorithms either ignore misclassification cost or assume that the costs of all incorrect classification errors are equal. But as in real life, many classification problems have different misclassification costs and this difference cannot be ignored. For this reason, studies on cost‐sensitive classification approaches have gained importance in recent years. The characteristics of telecommunications datasets such as high dimensionality and imbalance are making it difficult to achieve the desired performance for churn prediction. By taking this into consideration, we propose a multiobjective–cost‐sensitive ant colony optimization (MOC‐ACO‐Miner) approach which integrates the cost‐based nondominated sorted genetic algorithm feature selection and multiobjective ACO based cost‐sensitive learning. MOC‐ACO‐Miner is applied to one of Turkey's top 100 information technology companies for customer churn‐prediction. Finally, experiments find out that the model performs quite well with the area under receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.9998 for predicting churners and therefore it can be beneficial for the highly competitive telecommunications sector.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Association Rules
Application Areas > Industry Specific Applications
Technologies > Prediction
Technologies > Data Preprocessing
Integration Through Disintegration? The Distinction Between Deserving and Undeserving Refugees in National and Local Integration Policies in Germany
Authors: Hinger Sophie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhereas refugees with an insecure residence status have long been excluded from integration measures in Germany, they have recently become the target of integration policies at both the national and the local levels, especially in cities. This chapter compares these policies through category analysis. The core argument is that there is a difference between the logics underlying the policies at the two levels: the national Integration Bill is mainly marked by an ethno-national framing of integration which contributes – through the introduction of the notion of ‘likely or not to stay’ – to a further fractioning of the refugee label and thus the deterioration of rights for many asylum claimants. While it posits integration as a privilege and duty for ‘genuine’ refugees, it aims to undermine the integration of those not deemed to be deserving, following the logic that the disintegration of the latter is necessary to reserve integration capacities for the former. At the local level, in contrast, participation matters more than legal status and refugees are increasingly viewed as a potential resource for and part of a heterogeneous urban society. Yet, also at the local level, integration is ultimately tied to disintegration, as local authorities attempt to select who comes to the city in the first place.
Integration as an Essentially Contested Concept: Questioning the Assumptions behind the National Roma Integration Strategies of Italy and Spain
Authors: Magazzini Tina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntegration is a term that can fittingly be included in what W. B. Gallie labelled ‘essentially contested concepts’, since it has become a key term in both academia and policy-making and yet can be used – as it is – for a variety of meanings. While usually understood to address the situation of migrants, it has also recently been applied to Roma minorities in Europe, the vast majority of whom are European citizens and a minority of whom have left their country of origin. This chapter builds upon a discourse analysis of the National Roma Integration Strategies in Italy and Spain and on interviews with the policy-makers in charge of them, in a bid to understand what the term ‘integration’ means for Roma minorities according to the authorities. Through this analysis, I show how the politics of (dis)integration can affect not only migrants but also ethnic minorities who are represented and treated as similarly ‘foreign’ to the mainstream’s imagined community. In this sense, Roma-specific integration policies do not challenge wider structures of inequality. Even if they are well intended, they can contribute to the normalisation of a hegemonic narrative that sees a certain section of society – namely a national middle-class white society – as the bar for normality.
Returning for (Dis)Integration in the Labour Market? The Careers of Labour Migrants Returning to Poland from the United Kingdom
Authors: Karolak Mateusz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis chapter expands the analysis of labour migrants’ (dis)integration processes to their often-neglected experiences of voluntary return to their country of origin. Through the analysis of the life stories of Polish migrants returning to Poland from the United Kingdom, the chapter looks at the subjective and objective dimensions of their labour market (dis)integration. It argues that, in spite of the fact that the returnees do not lack the foundations of integration, they often fall into the ‘experience trap’ and transfer their vulnerable labour market position from abroad. Moreover, due to their internalised feeling of ‘permanent temporariness’, returnees withdraw from collective attempts to change their situation and instead employ individualised strategies of re-emigration. In this way, despite the pricing discourse of the universal advantages of intra-European Union mobility, it turns out that, for some Central- and Eastern-European migrants, the current regime of EU mobility, together with self-fashioned neoliberal subjectivities and passive state policies, whichde factostrengthen the returnees’ disintegration, contributes to the further fragmentation of migrants’ careers and the precarisation of their work.
Einleitung
Authors: Feindt Peter H. , Krämer Christine , Früh-Müller Andrea , Heißenhuber Alois , Pahl-Wostl Claudia , Purnhagen Kai P. , Thomas Fabian , van Bers Caroline , Wolters Volkmar 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDieses Buch stellt die Ergebnisse des Projekts „Zukunftsfähige Agrarpolitik – Natur erhalten, Umwelt schützen (ZA-NExUS)“ vor. Ziel war es, wissenschaftlich basierte Optionen für die künftige Ausgestaltung der Agrarpolitik aus der Perspektive des Natur- und Umweltschutzes zu formulieren. Ausgehend von einer Bestandsaufnahme der Umweltwirkungen der Landwirtschaft wird analysiert, warum die Agrarpolitik den Natur-, Umwelt- und Klimaschutz nur langsam aufgreift. Daraus wird eine Stärken-Schwächen-Analyse des bestehenden Steuerungsrahmens abgeleitet und ein Leitbild für eine nachhaltige Agrarpolitik entwickelt. Auf dieser Basis werden Handlungsansätze und Optionen für eine Weiterentwicklung der Agrarpolitik formuliert. Das Konzept eines Gesellschaftsvertrags für den Agrarsektor soll dabei helfen zu klären, was die Gesellschaft und die Landwirtschaft voneinander erwarten können.
Kurzdarstellung der Ausgangssituation: Umwelteffekte der Landwirtschaft
Authors: Feindt Peter H. , Krämer Christine , Früh-Müller Andrea , Heißenhuber Alois , Pahl-Wostl Claudia , Purnhagen Kai P. , Thomas Fabian , van Bers Caroline , Wolters Volkmar 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungAuf Basis einer systematischen Literaturrecherche umreißt dieses Kapitel den Sachstand zu den Wechselwirkungen zwischen Landwirtschaft und natürlichen Ressourcen in Deutschland. Der Fokus liegt auf der Beeinflussung der Naturressourcen Boden, biologische Vielfalt, Klima, Landschaftsbild, Luft und Wasser durch die Wirkfaktoren stoffliche Einträge und Flächennutzung. Die Zusammenschau zeigt, dass ein guter Zustand der schützenswerten Naturressourcen bisher häufig nicht erreicht wurde. Rechtlich und politisch festgelegte Zielwerte werden oft verfehlt oder es fehlen Daten zum Erfolgsmonitoring. Für wichtige Teilbereiche gibt es bislang nur wenig ambitionierte oder überhaupt keine Zielsetzungen, bestehende Ziele sind oft nicht ausreichend operationalisiert (Regelungsdefizit) oder die Kontroll- und Sanktionsmechanismen sind unzureichend (Vollzugsdefizit). Außerdem fehlen Anreizmechanismen für Schutzmaßnahmen oberhalb der gesetzlichen Mindestauflagen.
Agrarpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
Authors: Feindt Peter H. , Krämer Christine , Früh-Müller Andrea , Heißenhuber Alois , Pahl-Wostl Claudia , Purnhagen Kai P. , Thomas Fabian , van Bers Caroline , Wolters Volkmar 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel zeigt auf, dass eine institutionelle Pfadabhängigkeit der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik der Europäischen Union zu einer historisch verfestigten Sonderstellung des Agrarsektors geführt hat. In der Folge dominieren einkommenspolitische Ziele die Agrarpolitik. Natur- und Umweltschutzanliegen bleiben randständig und müssen vorwiegend mit ordnungsrechtlichen Mitteln durchgesetzt werden. Dabei bestehen Regelungs- und Implementationsdefizite, oft infolge von Ausnahmeregelungen für die Landwirtschaft. Handlungsdruck könnte sich jedoch aus drei neueren Entwicklungen des Rechtsrahmens ergeben: der Einbeziehung der bislang separaten Agrarmarktordnungen in die allgemeinen Regelungen des EU-Binnenmarkts, den haftungsrechtlichen Folgen der Verbraucherschutzstandards entlang der Wertschöpfungsketten sowie aus transnationalen privatrechtlichen Standards. Anregungen für eine Weiterentwicklung der Governance-Ansätze geben neue Konzepte wie Resilienz und adaptives Management sowie verhaltenswissenschaftliche Ansätze.