bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for the management of diabetes services and patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Rayman G. , Lumb A. , Kennon B. , Cottrell C. , Nagi D. , Page E. , Voigt D. , Courtney H. , Atkins H. , Platts J. , Higgins K. , Dhatariya K. , Patel M. , Narendran P. , Kar P. , Newland‐Jones P. , Stewart R. , Burr O. , Thomas S. ,   London Inpatient Diabetes Network‐COVID‐19
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe UK National Diabetes Inpatient COVID Response Group was formed at the end of March 2020 to support the provision of diabetes inpatient care during the COVID pandemic. It was formed in response to two emerging needs. First to ensure that basic diabetes services are secured and maintained at a time when there was a call for re‐deployment to support the need for general medical expertise across secondary care services. The second was to provide simple safe diabetes guidelines for use by specialists and non‐specialists treating inpatients with or suspected of COVID‐19 infection. To date the group, comprising UK‐based specialists in diabetes, pharmacy and psychology, have produced two sets of guidelines which will be continually revised as new evidence emerges. It is supported by Diabetes UK, the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists and NHS England.
Positive association of serum uric acid with new‐onset diabetes in Chinese women with hypertension in a retrospective analysis of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial
Authors: Zhou Chun , Liu Mengyi , Zhang Zhuxian , Zhang Yuanyuan , Nie Jing , Liang Min , Liu Chengzhang , Hu Weimin , Song Yun , Liu Lishun , Wang Binyan , Wang Xiaobin , Xu Xiping , Qin Xianhui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsTo investigate the association of baseline serum uric acid (UA) with new‐onset diabetes, and to explore the possible effect modifiers in Chinese adults with hypertension.Materials and methodsA total of 14 943 hypertensive patients with available UA measurements and without diabetes at baseline were included from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT). Participants were randomly assigned to a double‐blind daily treatment with 10 mg enalapril and 0.8 mg folic acid or 10 mg enalapril alone. The primary outcome was new‐onset diabetes, defined as physician‐diagnosed diabetes or use of glucose‐lowering drugs during follow‐up, or fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L at the exit visit.ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 4.5 years, 1623 participants (10.9%) developed diabetes. Overall, there was a positive association between baseline UA and new‐onset diabetes in women (per SD increment; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07, 1.23), but not in men (adjusted OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.92, 1.10). Moreover, a stronger positive association between baseline UA and new‐onset diabetes was found among women with lower time‐averaged on‐treatment systolic blood pressure during the treatment period (<140 vs. ≥140 mmHg; P‐interaction = 0.024), higher baseline body mass index (<24 vs. ≥24 kg/m2; P‐interaction = 0.012), or higher baseline waist circumference (<80 vs. ≥80 cm; P‐interaction = 0.032).ConclusionsOur study suggested that higher baseline UA was significantly associated with increased risk of new‐onset diabetes in hypertensive Chinese women, but not in men. Further prospective studies are required to validate the differential association by sex.
Intrahepatic fat, irrespective of ethnicity, is associated with reduced endogenous insulin clearance and hepatic insulin resistance in obese youths: A cross‐sectional and longitudinal study from the Yale Pediatric NAFLD cohort
Authors: Tricò Domenico , Galderisi Alfonso , Mari Andrea , Polidori David , Galuppo Brittany , Pierpont Bridget , Samuels Stephanie , Santoro Nicola , Caprio Sonia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether intrahepatic fat accumulation contributes to impaired insulin clearance and hepatic insulin resistance across different ethnic groups.MethodsThe intrahepatic fat content (HFF%) was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging in a multi‐ethnic cohort of 632 obese youths aged 7‐18 years at baseline and after a 2‐year follow‐up. Insulin secretion rate (ISR), endogenous insulin clearance (EIC) and hepatic insulin resistance index (HIRI) were estimated by modelling glucose, insulin and C‐peptide data during 3‐hour, 9‐point oral glucose tolerance tests.ResultsAfrican American youths exhibited the lowest HFF% and a prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) less than half of that shown by Caucasians and Hispanics. Furthermore, African Americans had lower EIC and glucose‐stimulated ISR, despite similar HIRI and plasma insulin levels, compared with Caucasians and Hispanics. EIC and HIRI were markedly reduced in individuals with NAFLD and declined across group‐specific HFF% tertiles in all ethnic groups. Consistently, the HFF% correlated with EIC and HIRI, irrespective of the ethnic background, after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, adiposity, waist‐hip ratio, pubertal status and plasma glucose levels. An increased HFF% at follow‐up was associated with decreased EIC and increased HIRI across all groups.ConclusionsIntrahepatic lipid accumulation is associated with reduced insulin clearance and hepatic insulin sensitivity in obese youths, irrespective of their ethnic background.
Causes of hypereosinophilia in 100 consecutive patients
Authors: Moller Daniel , Tan Julia , Gauiran Deonne Thaddeus V. , Medvedev Nadia , Hudoba Monika , Carruthers Mollie N. , Dehghan Natasha , van den Berghe Janette , Bruyère Helene , Chen Luke Y.C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHypereosinophilia (HE, persistent peripheral blood eosinophilia > 1.5 × 109/L) and hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES, HE with end‐organ damage) are classified as primary (due to a myeloid clone), secondary (due to a wide variety of reactive causes), or idiopathic. Diagnostic evaluation of eosinophilia is challenging, in part because secondary causes of HE/HES such as lymphocyte‐variant HES (L‐HES) and vasculitis are difficult to diagnose, and emerging causes such as immunoglobulin G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) have rarely been examined.Objective and MethodsWe reviewed 100 consecutive patients with HE/HES who underwent extensive evaluation for primary and secondary eosinophilia at a single tertiary care center to determine causes of HE/HES in a modern context.ResultsSix patients had primary HE/HES, 80 had a discrete secondary cause identified, and 14 had idiopathic HE/HES. The most common causes of secondary eosinophilia were L‐HES/HES of unknown significance (L‐HESus) (20), IgG4‐RD (9), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) (8).ConclusionsIn contrast to other large published series of HE/HES, most patients in this study were found to have a discrete secondary cause of eosinophilia and only 14 were deemed idiopathic. These findings highlight the importance of extensive evaluation for secondary causes of eosinophilia such as L‐HES, IgG4‐RD, and EGPA.
Banks' noninterest income and securities holdings in a low interest rate environment: The case of Italy
Authors: Molyneux Philip , Reghezza Alessio , Torriero Chiara , Williams Jonathan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsing a sample of 440 Italian banks over the period 2007–2016, we find that low interest rates motivate banks to expand their fee and commission income and to restructure their securities portfolios. A granular breakdown suggests that banks grow noninterest income in various ways, including portfolio management, brokerage and consultancy services and increase fee income from current account and payment services. In addition, banks rebalance securities portfolios away from those “held for trading” to securities “available for sale” and “held to maturity.” Our findings allude to different behavior between large and small banks: while larger banks increase brokerage, consultancy and portfolio management services, smaller banks generate fees from customer current accounts.
Century‐long apparent decrease in intrinsic water‐use efficiency with no evidence of progressive nutrient limitation in African tropical forests
Authors: Bauters Marijn , Meeus Sofie , Barthel Matti , Stoffelen Piet , De Deurwaerder Hannes P. T. , Meunier Félicien , Drake Travis W. , Ponette Quentin , Ebuy Jerôme , Vermeir Pieter , Beeckman Hans , wyffels Francis , Bodé Samuel , Verbeeck Hans , Vandelook Filip , Boeckx Pascal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractForests exhibit leaf‐ and ecosystem‐level responses to environmental changes. Specifically, rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels over the past century are expected to have increased the intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) of tropical trees while the ecosystem is gradually pushed into progressive nutrient limitation. Due to the long‐term character of these changes, however, observational datasets to validate both paradigms are limited in space and time. In this study, we used a unique herbarium record to go back nearly a century and show that despite the rise in CO2 concentrations, iWUE has decreased in central African tropical trees in the Congo Basin. Although we find evidence that points to leaf‐level adaptation to increasing CO2—that is, increasing photosynthesis‐related nutrients and decreasing maximum stomatal conductance, a decrease in leaf δ13C clearly indicates a decreasing iWUE over time. Additionally, the stoichiometric carbon to nitrogen and nitrogen to phosphorus ratios in the leaves show no sign of progressive nutrient limitation as they have remained constant since 1938, which suggests that nutrients have not increasingly limited productivity in this biome. Altogether, the data suggest that other environmental factors, such as increasing temperature, might have negatively affected net photosynthesis and consequently downregulated the iWUE. Results from this study reveal that the second largest tropical forest on Earth has responded differently to recent environmental changes than expected, highlighting the need for further on‐ground monitoring in the Congo Basin.
The student–faculty interaction beyond the formal curriculum in South Korea
Authors: Choi Bo Keum , Kim Min Sun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify and categorise factors that hinder Korean college student‐faculty interaction. Twenty‐one college students who had advising experience with faculty were interviewed. Concept mapping was used to collect, organise and interpret qualitative data through quantitative techniques. These factors were recorded on index cards, and 21 participants returned and sorted these statements into self‐defined, conceptually homogeneous categories. As a result, 45 common factors were elicited and reliably organised into four clusters, with hierarchical relationship with the faculty member (Cluster 1), time constraints (Cluster 2), doubt about (academic, personal and career) benefits of interaction (Cluster 3) and a lack of recognition of necessity (Cluster 4). According to the ratings, the most important cluster was ‘doubt about benefits of interaction’, and participants rated the ‘lack of recognition of necessity’ as the cluster most similar to their own experiences.
Postmortem examination of COVID‐19 patients reveals diffuse alveolar damage with severe capillary congestion and variegated findings in lungs and other organs suggesting vascular dysfunction
Authors: Menter Thomas , Haslbauer Jasmin D , Nienhold Ronny , Savic Spasenija , Hopfer Helmut , Deigendesch Nikolaus , Frank Stephan , Turek Daniel , Willi Niels , Pargger Hans , Bassetti Stefano , Leuppi Joerg D , Cathomas Gieri , Tolnay Markus , Mertz Kirsten D , Tzankov Alexandar 
Published: May 2020

AimsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has rapidly evolved into a sweeping pandemic. Its major manifestation is in the respiratory tract, and the general extent of organ involvement and the microscopic changes in the lungs remain insufficiently characterised. Autopsies are essential to elucidate COVID‐19‐associated organ alterations.Methods and resultsThis article reports the autopsy findings of 21 COVID‐19 patients hospitalised at the University Hospital Basel and at the Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Switzerland. An in‐corpore technique was performed to ensure optimal staff safety. The primary cause of death was respiratory failure with exudative diffuse alveolar damage and massive capillary congestion, often accompanied by microthrombi despite anticoagulation. Ten cases showed superimposed bronchopneumonia. Further findings included pulmonary embolism (n = 4), alveolar haemorrhage (n = 3), and vasculitis (n = 1). Pathologies in other organ systems were predominantly attributable to shock; three patients showed signs of generalised and five of pulmonary thrombotic microangiopathy. Six patients were diagnosed with senile cardiac amyloidosis upon autopsy. Most patients suffered from one or more comorbidities (hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus). Additionally, there was an overall predominance of males and individuals with blood group A (81% and 65%, respectively). All relevant histological slides are linked as open‐source scans in supplementary files.ConclusionsThis study provides an overview of postmortem findings in COVID‐19 cases, implying that hypertensive, elderly, obese, male individuals with severe cardiovascular comorbidities as well as those with blood group A may have a lower threshold of tolerance for COVID‐19. This provides a pathophysiological explanation for higher mortality rates among these patients.
Vigilantism in Ghana: Trends, Victim Characteristics, and Reported Reasons
Authors: ADZIMAH‐ALADE MILLICENT , AKOTIA CHARITY S. , ANNOR FRANCIS , QUARSHIE EMMANUEL NII‐BOYE 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVigilantism is gaining popularity in Africa as a means of self‐defence, enacting justice, policing morality, and sanctioning (perceived) wrongdoings. Drawing on content analysis of 172 media reports from 2001 to 2018, this study examined the trends and patterns of vigilantism, characteristics of victims, and reported reasons for recourse to vigilantism within the Ghanaian context. Results showed a considerable increase in reported cases of vigilantism within the 18‐year period, with most of the cases reported in urban settings. Theft and robbery emerged as the most frequently suspected crimes for which victims were attacked and, in many cases, killed. The study underscores the implications of vigilantism in terms of disdaining human life and dignity. It calls for the need to revisit the justice administration systems and punishment procedures, as well as resourcing and empowering law enforcers to fight crime, including vigilantism.
Preferred Reporting items for OBservational studies in Endodontics (PROBE) guidelines: a development protocol
Authors: Nagendrababu V. , Duncan H. F. , Fouad A. F. , Kirkevang L. L. , Parashos P. , Pigg M. , Væth M. , Jayaraman J. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObservational studies have a significant role in establishing the prevalence and incidence of diseases in populations, as well as determining the benefits and risks associated with health‐related interventions. Observational studies principally encompass cohort, case–control, case series and cross‐sectional designs. Inadequate reporting of observational studies is likely to have a negative impact on decision‐making in day‐to‐day clinical practice; however, no reporting guidelines have been published for observational studies in Endodontics. The aim of this project is to develop reporting guidelines for authors when creating manuscripts describing observational studies in the field of Endodontology in an attempt to improve the quality of publications. The new guidelines for observational studies will be named: ‘Preferred Reporting items for OBservational studies in Endodontics (PROBE)’. A steering committee was formed by the project leaders (PD, VN) to develop the guidelines through a five‐phase consensus process. The steering committee will review and adapt items from the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement and the Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publications (CLIP) principles, as well as identify new items that add value to Endodontics. The steering committee will create a PROBE Delphi Group (PDG), consisting of 30 members across the globe to review and refine the draft checklist items and flowchart. The items will be assessed by the PDG on a nine‐point Likert scale for relevance and inclusion. The agreed items will then be discussed by a PROBE Face‐to‐Face meeting group (PFMG) made up of 20 individuals to further refine the guidelines. After receiving feedback from the PFMG, the steering committee will pilot and finalize the guidelines. The approved PROBE guidelines will be disseminated through publication in relevant journals, and be presented at national and international conferences. The PROBE checklist and flowchart will be available and downloadable from the Preferred Reporting Items for study Designs in Endodontics (PRIDE) website: www.pride-endodonticguidelines.org. The PROBE steering committee encourages clinicians, researchers, editors and peer reviewers to provide feedback on the PROBE guidelines to inform the steering group when the guidelines are updated.
Strengthening the alignment between tertiary education and economic development: the Belizean perspective
Authors: Waight Consuelo Luisa 
Published: May 2020

Researchers have established the role of tertiary education (TE) in economic development (ED). Globally, TE generates significant and multiple direct, indirect and catalytic economic impacts, which result in well‐established benefits pertaining to both individuals and broader economies. Last year, the government of Belize published its first comprehensive trade policy to develop a competitive economy, and it acknowledged that a shortage of skilled labour and competent human capital, among other factors, are core weaknesses towards trade development. Given the timeliness of the government’s trade policy, the following research question guided this study.What can tertiary education do to strengthen alignment with economic development in Belize?The findings revealed that three significant and interrelated factors can strengthen the link between TE and ED: they are (1) program development through strategic consultations (2) building on academic strengths and resources to increase the value proposition and (3) the implementation of talent engagement strategies.
Individual differences in infancy research: Letting the baby stand out from the crowd
Authors: Pérez‐Edgar Koraly , Vallorani Alicia , Buss Kristin A. , LoBue Vanessa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWithin the developmental literature, there is an often unspoken tension between studies that aim to capture broad scale, fairly universal nomothetic traits, and studies that focus on mechanisms and trajectories that are idiographic and bounded to some extent by systematic individual differences. The suitability of these approaches varies as a function of the specific research interests at hand. Although the approaches are interdependent, they have often proceeded as parallel research traditions. The current review notes some of the historical and empirical bases for this divide and suggests that each tradition would benefit from incorporating both methodological approaches to iteratively examine universal (nomothetic) phenomena and the individual differences (idiographic) factors that lead to variation in development. This work may help isolate underlying causal mechanisms, better understand current functioning, and predict long‐term developmental consequences. In doing so, we also highlight empirical and structural issues that need to be addressed to support this integration.
The nurse outcomes and patient outcomes following the High‐Quality Care Project
Authors: Chen Q. , Gottlieb L. , Liu D. , Tang S. , Bai Y. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThere have been many single cross‐sectional studies on nurse or patient outcomes. However, long‐term evidence on improving nurse and patient outcomes is still limited. The High‐Quality Care Project is a national project in China for improving nurse and patient outcomes by implementing primary nursing.Aim(1) To assess the long‐term changes in nurse and patient outcomes in the context of the High‐Quality Care Project. (2) To explore the potential influences of primary nursing on nurse and patient outcomes based on this study and broader existing evidence.MethodsThe data of two cross‐sectional studies were used for analysis. The two cross‐sectional studies were conducted before (2009) and after (2016) the High‐Quality Care Project. A total of 1376 nurses and 904 patients from 40 units of 10 tertiary hospitals were surveyed. Reliable and validated instruments were used to measure nurse and patient outcomes. Multilevel modelling was the main method for data analysis.ResultsNurses in 2016 were more satisfied than nurses in 2009 with most dimensions of nurse work environment and job satisfaction. However, they were not more satisfied with burnout, global job satisfaction or intention to leave their job. Nurses in 2016 also reported better quality of patient care and patient safety while their patients reported higher patient satisfaction.ConclusionThe analysis of our results based on existing evidence indicates that primary nursing could be considered as a potentially effective way to improve nurse work environment and patient outcomes. More studies with rigorous study design from micro perspectives would be useful to further explore the direct effects of primary nursing on nurse or/and patient outcomes.Implications for nursing and nursing policyPolicymakers, healthcare service leaders and nurse managers should make efforts to provide multi‐level supports to cultivate an encouraging environment for nurses to practice primary nursing, because the implementation of primary nursing may improve the nurse work environment and patient outcomes. Furthermore, improving nurse participation in hospital affairs and developing nursing discipline and education for increasing nursing staff resource and nurses’ capacity – which all need policy and management supports – are crucial to further improve nurse and patient outcomes.
Rights issues: Retail shareholders and their participation decisions
Authors: Au Yong Hue Hwa , Brown Christine , Ho Choy Yeing (Chloe) , Shekhar Chander 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsing daily ownership data, this study documents median participation rates for retail and institutional shareholders in rights offers in Australia of 60% and 94%, respectively. At the median, the rights issue results in 0.25% (1.34%) of the value of firm market capitalization (offer size) being transferred from retail shareholders to institutional shareholders. Retail shareholder participation is higher in renounceable offers, offers with larger discount and those made by firms with larger market capitalization and lower risk. Companies with above median retail participation rates perform better in the long run. The results suggest that, on average, retail shareholders make rational participation decisions in rights offerings.