bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term effects of asthma medication on asthma symptoms: an application of the targeted maximum likelihood estimation
Authors: Veit Carolin , Herrera Ronald , Weinmayr Gudrun , Genuneit Jon , Windstetter Doris , Vogelberg Christian , von Mutius Erika , Nowak Dennis , Radon Katja , Gerlich Jessica , Weinmann Tobias 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Long-term effectiveness of asthma control medication has been shown in clinical trials but results from observational studies with children and adolescents are lacking. Marginal structural models estimated using targeted maximum likelihood methods are a novel statistiscal approach for such studies as it allows to account for time-varying confounders and time-varying treatment. Therefore, we aimed to calculate the long-term risk of reporting asthma symptoms in relation to control medication use in a real-life setting from childhood to adulthood applying targeted maximum likelihood estimation.

Methods
In the prospective cohort study SOLAR (Study on Occupational Allergy Risks) we followed a German subsample of 121 asthmatic children (9–11 years old) of the ISAAC II cohort (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) until the age of 19 to 24. We obtained self-reported questionnaire data on asthma control medication use at baseline (1995–1996) and first follow-up (2002–2003) as well as self-reported asthma symptoms at baseline, first and second follow-up (2007–2009). Three hypothetical treatment scenarios were defined: early sustained intervention, early unsustained intervention and no treatment at all. We performed longitudinal targeted maximum likelihood estimation combined with Super Learner algorithm to estimate the relative risk (RR) to report asthma symptoms at SOLAR I and SOLAR II in relation to the different hypothetical scenarios.

Results
A hypothetical intervention of early sustained treatment was associated with a statistically significant risk increment of asthma symptoms at second follow-up when compared to no treatment at all (RR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.19–1.83) or early unsustained intervention (RR:1.38, 95% CI: 1.11–1.65).

Conclusions
While we could confirm the tagerted maximum likelihood estimation to be a usable and robust statistical tool, we did not observe a beneficial effect of asthma control medication on asthma symptoms. Because of potential due to the small sample size, lack of data on disease severity and reverse causation our results should, however, be interpreted with caution.
Use of short message service in at-home COVID-19 patient management
Authors: Loubet Paul , Czeschan Christian , Sintes Matthieu , Sotto Albert , Laureillard Didier 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Mobile health innovations are well adapted for ambulatory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients who risk clinical deterioration at home during the second week of illness.

Methods
A short message service (SMS) communication program was implemented by French physicians to monitor COVID-19 patients after discharge from outpatient or emergency care. The aim of the SMS tracking is to advise patients about their need for medical reassessment if reporting worsening of COVID-19 symptoms.
A follow-up via SMS to all confirmed positive patients in the Nîmes area (France) was established. Every morning, patients received four follow-up questions. Daily responses were converted to green, orange or red trees, analysed in real time by physicians. “Red” patients were called immediately to check their condition and organise transfer to hospital if needed. “Orange” patients were called within two hours to verify whether the specific instructions following the SMS had been followed.

Results
From March 21 to June 30, 2020, 1007 patients agreed to sign up to the SMS tracking, 62% were women and the mean age was 41.5 years (standard deviation (SD) 16.0). During follow-up, 649 (64%) became “orange” and 69 (7%) “red”. Ten patients were directly admitted to the Infectious Diseases Department during their follow-up due to clinical worsening, all but one as a result of SMS alerts and subsequent telephone assessment by physicians.

Conclusion
SMS tracking platforms could be useful as an early warning system to refer patients with worsening clinical status to hospital-based care or additional clinician advice.
Lower versus higher hemoglobin threshold for transfusion in ARDS patients with and without ECMO
Authors: Hunsicker O. , Materne L. , Bünger V. , Krannich A. , Balzer F. , Spies C. , Francis R. C. , Weber-Carstens S. , Menk M. , Graw J. A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Efficacy and safety of different hemoglobin thresholds for transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) in adults with an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are unknown. We therefore assessed the effect of two transfusion thresholds on short-term outcome in patients with ARDS.

Methods
Patients who received transfusions of RBCs were identified from a cohort of 1044 ARDS patients. After propensity score matching, patients transfused at a hemoglobin concentration of 8 g/dl or less (lower-threshold) were compared to patients transfused at a hemoglobin concentration of 10 g/dl or less (higher-threshold). The primary endpoint was 28-day mortality. Secondary endpoints included ECMO-free, ventilator-free, sedation-free, and organ dysfunction-free composites.

Measurements and main results
One hundred ninety-two patients were eligible for analysis of the matched cohort. Patients in the lower-threshold group had similar baseline characteristics and hemoglobin levels at ARDS onset but received fewer RBC units and had lower hemoglobin levels compared with the higher-threshold group during the course on the ICU (9.1 [IQR, 8.7–9.7] vs. 10.4 [10–11] g/dl, P < 0.001). There was no difference in 28-day mortality between the lower-threshold group compared with the higher-threshold group (hazard ratio, 0.94 [95%-CI, 0.59–1.48], P = 0.78). Within 28 days, 36.5% (95%-CI, 27.0–46.9) of the patients in the lower-threshold group compared with 39.5% (29.9–50.1) of the patients in the higher-threshold group had died. While there were no differences in ECMO-free, sedation-free, and organ dysfunction-free composites, the chance for successful weaning from mechanical ventilation within 28 days after ARDS onset was lower in the lower-threshold group (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.36 [95%-CI, 0.15–0.86], P = 0.02).

Conclusions
Transfusion at a hemoglobin concentration of 8 g/dl, as compared with a hemoglobin concentration of 10 g/dl, was not associated with an increase in 28-day mortality in adults with ARDS. However, a transfusion at a hemoglobin concentration of 8 g/dl was associated with a lower chance for successful weaning from the ventilator during the first 28 days after ARDS onset.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03871166.
Low iron mitigates viral survival: insights from evolution, genetics, and pandemics—a review of current hypothesis
Authors: Menshawey Rahma , Menshawey Esraa , Alserr Ayman H. K. , Abdelmassih Antoine Fakhry 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Upon re-examination of our human history, evolutionary perspectives, and genetics, a prevailing iron deficiency phenotype appears to have evolved to protect the human race from extinction.

Body
In this review, we summarize the evolutionary and genetic perspectives pointing towards the hypothesis that low iron mitigates infection. The presence of infection promotes the generation of resistance alleles, and there are some evolutionary and genetic clues that suggest the presence of an iron deficiency phenotype that may have developed to protect against infection. Examples include the relative paucity of iron overload genes given the essential role of iron, as well as the persistence of iron deficiency among populations in spite of public health efforts to treat it. Additional examination of geographic areas with severe iron deficiency in the setting of pandemics including H1N1, SARS, and COVID-19 reveals that areas with higher prevalence of iron deficiency are less affected. RNA viruses have several evolutionary adaptations which suggest their absolute need for iron, and this dependency may be exploited during treatment.

Conclusion
RNA viruses pose a unique challenge to modern healthcare, with an average of 2–3 new pathogens being discovered yearly. Their overarching requirements for iron, along with human evolutionary and genetic adaptations which favored an iron deficiency phenotype, ultimately suggest the potential need for iron control in these infections.
Proper Care of Transgender and Gender Diverse Persons in the Setting of Proposed Discrimination: A Policy Perspective*
Authors: Walch Abby , Davidge-Pitts Caroline , Safer Joshua D , Lopez Ximena , Tangpricha Vin , Iwamoto Sean J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals face significant barriers to accessing health care. Recent introductions of regulatory policies at state and federal levels raise concerns over the politicization of gender-affirming health care, the risks of further restricting access to quality care, and the potential criminalization of healthcare professionals who care for TGD patients. The Endocrine Society and the Pediatric Endocrine Society have published several news articles and comments in the last couple of years supporting safe and effective gender-affirming interventions as outlined in the 2017 Endocrine Society’s Clinical Practice Guidelines. The Endocrine Society Position Statement on Transgender Health also acknowledges the rapid expansion in understanding the biological underpinning of gender identity and the need for increased funding to help close gaps in knowledge about the optimal care of TGD individuals. This Policy Perspective affirms these principles in the context of pending and future legislation attempting to discriminate against TGD patients while also stressing the need for science and health care experts to inform health policies.
The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP-PEST mediates hypoxia-induced endothelial autophagy and angiogenesis via AMPK activation
Authors: Chandel Shivam , Manikandan Amrutha , Mehta Nikunj , Nathan Abel Arul , Tiwari Rakesh Kumar , Mohapatra Samar Bhallabha , Chandran Mahesh , Jaleel Abdul , Manoj Narayanan , Dixit Madhulika 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Global and endothelial loss of PTP-PEST (also known as PTPN12) is associated with impaired cardiovascular development and embryonic lethality. Although hypoxia is implicated in vascular remodelling and angiogenesis, its effect on PTP-PEST remains unexplored. Here we report that hypoxia (1% oxygen) increases protein levels and catalytic activity of PTP-PEST in primary endothelial cells. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry revealed that α subunits of AMPK (α1 and α2, encoded by PRKAA1 and PRKAA2, respectively) interact with PTP-PEST under normoxia but not in hypoxia. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed this observation and determined that AMPK α subunits interact with the catalytic domain of PTP-PEST. Knockdown of PTP-PEST abrogated hypoxia-mediated tyrosine dephosphorylation and activation of AMPK (Thr172 phosphorylation). Absence of PTP-PEST also blocked hypoxia-induced autophagy (LC3 degradation and puncta formation), which was rescued by the AMPK activator metformin (500 µM). Because endothelial autophagy is a prerequisite for angiogenesis, knockdown of PTP-PEST also attenuated endothelial cell migration and capillary tube formation, with autophagy inducer rapamycin (200 nM) rescuing angiogenesis. In conclusion, this work identifies for the first time that PTP-PEST is a regulator of hypoxia-induced AMPK activation and endothelial autophagy to promote angiogenesis.
Programmed Dynamic Covalent Chemistry System of Addition-condensation Reaction of Phenols and Aldehydes
Authors: Kudo Hiroto , Shimoyama Daisuke , Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Application of a dynamic covalent chemistry strategy to the reversible reaction system of resorcinol and α, ω-alkanedials [(CH2)m(CHO)2] (m = 2–10) in ethanol in the presence of hydrogen chloride (HCl) solution as a catalyst at 80 °C for 48 h afforded the thermodynamically most stable products with high selectivity. The reaction of 1,4-butanedial afforded a ladder polymer containing calixarene skeletons in the main chain in quantitative yield. 1,5-Pentanedial gave Noria, a water-wheel-like cyclic oligomer, in high yield. Calixarene-dimer-type cyclic oligomers were formed selectively from 1,6-hexanedial, 1,8-octanedial, 1,10-decanedial, and 1,12-dodecanedial, while calixarene-trimer-type cyclic oligomers were obtained selectively from 1,7-heptanedial, 1,9-nonanedial, and 1,11-undecanedial. The Noria like macrocyles NoriaPY NoriaMP and NoriaEP could be also synthesized via DCC using pyrogallol, 3-methoxyphenol, and 3-ethoxyphenol. A triple-ringed[14]arene could be synthesized via DCC using the reaction of 2-methylresorcinol and m-benzenedicarbaldehyde.
Femtosecond laser–matter interaction of tungsten carbide
Authors: Meliani Hasnaa , Assoul Mohamed , Fontaine Michael , Malkhasyan Vahan , Gilbin Alexandre , Monteil Guy 
Published: December 2020

We investigate the femtosecond laser–matter interaction for a tungsten
carbide with 10% of cobalt. A femtosecond laser (1030 nm) with a pulse
duration of 400 fs was used. For cumulated fluences between 1.4 and

4

J

/

c

m
2

, laser-induced periodic surface
structures (LIPSS) could be produced with a low ablation rate. LIPSS
had a spatial period of 665 nm and an amplitude of 225 nm. The
athermal ablation threshold fluence ranged from 0.35 to

11

J

/

c

m
2

in cumulated fluence for a range
between 1 and 100 pulses. Thus, dimples could be fabricated without
any thermal effects. In addition, the incubation coefficient and
optical penetration depth of tungsten carbide were determined. They
were equal to 0.79 and 19 nm, respectively.
High-precision channel spacing and balanced output multiwavelength laser array with fine tunability
Authors: Feng Yongkang , Zhao Yongbing , Yang Liangliang , Wang Xiaohua , Zhuang Guoce , Guo Renjia 
Published: December 2020

The multiwavelength laser array (MLA) with fine wavelength tunability is demonstrated experimentally. The studied MLA has good single-longitudinal-mode performance, and the side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) even reaches 62.1 dB. Meanwhile, the wavelength range of the MLA can be tuned to 25.003 nm with 63 channels of 50 GHz spacing. All lasers are within a wavelength deviation of

±

0.02

n
m

. The output power is almost constant with standard deviation 0.63 dBm. The SMSRs are all above 50 dB.
Outcomes of an intermediate respiratory care unit in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Carrillo Hernandez-Rubio Javier , Sanchez-Carpintero Abad Maria , Yordi Leon Andrea , Doblare Higuera Guillermo , Garcia Rodriguez Leticia , Garcia Torrejon Carmen , Mayor Cacho Alejandro , Jimenez Rodriguez Angel , Garcia-Salmones Martin Mercedes 
Published: December 2020

Background15% of COVID-19 patients develop severe pneumonia. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation and high-flow nasal cannula can reduce the rate of endotracheal intubation in adult respiratory distress syndrome, although failure rate is high.ObjectiveTo describe the rate of endotracheal intubation, the effectiveness of treatment, complications and mortality in patients with severe respiratory failure due to COVID-19.MethodsProspective cohort study in a first-level hospital in Madrid. Patients with a positive polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 and admitted to the Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit with tachypnea, use of accessory musculature or SpO2<92% despite FiO2> 0.5 were included. Intubation rate, medical complications, and 28-day mortality were recorded. Statistical analysis through association studies, logistic and Cox regression models and survival analysis was performed.ResultsSeventy patients were included. 37.1% required endotracheal intubation, 58.6% suffered medical complications and 24.3% died. Prone positioning was independently associated with lower need for endotracheal intubation (OR 0.05; 95% CI 0.005 to 0.54, p = 0.001). The adjusted HR for death at 28 days in the group of patients requiring endotracheal intubation was 5.4 (95% CI 1.51 to 19.5; p = 0.009).ConclusionsThe rate of endotracheal intubation in patients with severe respiratory failure from COVID-19 was 37.1%. Complications and mortality were lower in patients in whom endotracheal intubation could be avoided. Prone positioning could reduce the need for endotracheal intubation.
Sistemas Sociais, Saúde e Judicialização
Authors: Rorato Crusius Tarsila , Haeberlin Martin 
Published: December 2020

O estudo busca compreender como a judicialização pode comprometer a integridade do sistema da saúde na perspectiva da Teoria Geral dos Sistemas Sociais de Niklas Luhmann. Para isso, primeiramente busca conhecer como decisões judiciais atuam como irritações ao sistema da saúde. Em um segundo momento, analisa o impacto destas decisões no sistema, a partir dos dados da judicialização em saúde no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, em 2018. Por fim analisa os riscos à integridade do sistema da saúde representados pela judicialização, bem como as respostas estruturadas pelo sistema político brasileiro. Parte-se da hipótese de que as respostas do sistema da saúde às ameaças representadas pela judicialização da saúde dependem das respostas de outros sistemas sociais. A metodologia é de caráter exploratório, com realização de pesquisa bibliográfica. Conclui-se que a capacidade de resposta dos sistemas sociais a estas irritações definirá a possibilidade de manutenção de sua integridade e diferenciação.
República Federativa do Brasil na Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos
Authors: Guerra Sidney , Leahy Érika 
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar alguns casos de violação de direitos humanos que envolveram a República Federativa do Brasil junto à Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e seus desdobramentos no plano doméstico quanto à produção legislativa e criação de políticas públicas, pontualmente os casos (1) Sebastião Camargo Filho (petição n. 12.310), (2) Wallace de Almeida (petição n. 12.440), (3) Manoel Leal de Oliveira (petição n. 12.308) e (4) Aristeu Guida da Silva e família (petição n. 12.213). O estudo reveste-se de interesse, pois, embora o Estado se comprometa a cumprir normas jurídicas internacionais de proteção de direitos humanos evidencia-se que, em muitas ocasiões, o mesmo acaba por descumpri-las ensejando a apreciação da matéria por órgãos internacionais com reflexos para o sistema normativo interno. Em vista disso, salienta-se o uso do método indutivo de abordagem, seguido pelo modelo descritivo de análise dos referidos casos e os procedimentos documental e bibliográfico quanto à seleção de bibliografia.
El eco-abuso de derecho cinco años después
Authors: Sozzo Gonzalo 
Published: December 2020

Este artículo aborda el problema de la puesta en funcionamiento por los tribunales de la figura del abuso del derecho en relación a los derechos de incidencia colectiva (art. 14 in fine del CCC). El análisis de la jurisprudencia muestra que el empleo aún no se ha consolidado en una verdadera doctrina judicial, pero el proceso de construcción ya se ha iniciado y para su continuidad se requiere una mejor comprensión del perfil de la figura —en el marco del proyecto de las líneas de diseño del CCC—, lo que incluye cuatro puntos clave: la genealogía de la norma, su diferenciación con los supuestos de conflictos de derechos individuales y colectivos, las directrices para su funcionamiento y las pretensiones judiciales a que puede dar lugar.
Un análisis del sistema de capacidad del Código Civil y Comercial, desde la mirada de la jurisprudencia
Authors: Kilgelmann Maria Romina , Sánchez Sabrina 
Published: December 2020

En el presente trabajo analizamos cómo la jurisprudencia ha plasmado los cambios operados en materia de capacidad en los cinco años de vigencia del Código Civil y Comercial argentino.
Apuntes sobre los actos jurídicos personalísimos: una categoría necesaria
Authors: Moia Ángel Luis 
Published: December 2020

La incorporación legislativa de los derechos personalísimos y la consecuente categoría de las relaciones jurídicas extrapatrimoniales importa un replanteo de la teoría general de institutos como el acto jurídico. Se analiza la normativa vigente proyectándosela sobre los preceptos del acto jurídico, abordando dos emergentes puntuales como lo son la autonomía de la voluntad y la representación.
Revisando los daños punitivos a cinco años del Código Civil y Comercial
Authors: Toniollo Javier Alberto 
Published: December 2020

En el presente trabajo se analizan los antecedentes de este instituto «importado», donde el Análisis Económico del Derecho juega un papel importante, además, es ajeno a la tradición jurídica del país. Se observa desde la incorporación al microsistema de la Ley de Defensa del Consumidor que en la doctrina argentina y por reflejo, en la jurisprudencia, se han generado controversias en cuestiones relativas a la denominación, funciones, factor de atribución, destino de los fondos, ámbitos de aplicación entre otros. Con la entrada en vigencia del Código Civil y Comercial, se desata la posibilidad de aplicarse a todo el derecho daños.En este estado de la cuestión es preciso abandonar las posiciones y entender que las soluciones se encuentran en el Código vigente, en constante diálogo con la Constitución Nacional y los microsistemas de protección.
Prevención en los contratos
Authors: Wagner Claudia 
Published: December 2020

El CCyCN ha avanzado decididamente en el sentido de la prevención, resultando este prin- cipio preventivo plenamente aplicable al ámbito contractual. Se consagraron así normas de prevención del daño en la regulación general de la responsabilidad (Arts. 1710 y sgtes.) y también en las normas específicamente contractuales (Arts. 1031 y 1032). Este plexo normativo apunta a la prevención del daño y de los conflictos contractuales, confiriendo valiosas herramientas quepueden y deben ser utilizadas por las partes y por los jueces, cuando los conflictos contractuales que se les presenten así lo ameriten. Sin perjuicio de la prudencia con que las medidas preventivas que el CCyCN pone al alcance de los operadores deban ser aplicadas, so pena de conculcar la autonomía privada expresada en el instrumento contractual, la interpretación tampoco debería ser tan restrictiva al punto de privar a las partes de la posibilidad de evitar daños o al menos no profundizarlos y, sobre todo, de mantener con vida al contrato. Creemos que, hasta ahora, en el ámbito contractual no ha sido explotada en profundidad la riqueza del principio preventivo consagrado en el CCyCN.
La regulación del nombre de las personas jurídicas en el artículo 151 del CCCN . Análisis de los requisitos y de los problemas de interpretación y de aplicación
Authors: Romano Rubén 
Published: December 2020

La entrada en vigencia del Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación introdujo a través del artículo 151 una serie de requisitos para el reconocimiento y protección del nombre de las personas jurídicas que está generando una serie de problemas de interpretación y aplicación. En el presente trabajo analizamos la norma remarcando los problemas que genera y los argumentos respecto de por qué creemos que es necesaria su revisión.