bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Extremal Number of Tight Cycles
Authors: Sudakov Benny , Tomon István 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A tight cycle in an $r$-uniform hypergraph $\mathcal{H}$ is a sequence of $\ell \geq r+1$ vertices $x_1,...,x_{\ell }$ such that all $r$-tuples $\{x_{i},x_{i+1},...,x_{i+r-1}\}$ (with subscripts modulo $\ell $) are edges of $\mathcal{H}$. An old problem of V. Sós, also posed independently by J. Verstraëte, asks for the maximum number of edges in an $r$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices, which has no tight cycle. Although this is a very basic question, until recently, no good upper bounds were known for this problem for $r\geq 3$. Here we prove that the answer is at most $n^{r-1+o(1)}$. This is tight up to the $o(1)$ error term, and it was shown recently by B. Janzer that this error term is indeed needed. Our proof is based on finding robust expanders in the line-graph of $\mathcal{H}$ together with certain density increment type arguments.
Neisseria gonorrhoeaeSequence Typing for Antimicrobial Resistance (NG-STAR) clonal complexes are consistent with genomic phylogeny and provide simple nomenclature, rapid visualization and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) lineage predictions
Authors: Golparian Daniel , Sánchez-Busó Leonor , Cole Michelle , Unemo Magnus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesSurveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, supported by molecular typing, ideally through genome sequencing, is imperative. We defined N. gonorrhoeae Sequence Typing for Antimicrobial Resistance (NG-STAR) clonal complexes (CCs) and validated their usefulness in gonococcal AMR surveillance.MethodsAll NG-STAR alleles and STs available in the public database (https://ngstar.canada.ca/) were analysed using PHYLOViZ 2.0 to define CCs according to the closest founder ST with ≥5 identical alleles and founding ST with the highest number of links. The published 2013 European gonococcal dataset (n = 1054), the 2016 WHO reference strain panel (n = 14) and N. gonorrhoeae isolates with ceftriaxone resistance determinant penA-60.001 (n = 7) from several countries were used for validation.ResultsThe majority of the isolates (n = 1063) were designated to 71 CCs. The most common CC was CC90 (n = 194), followed by CC63 (n = 166), CC139 (n = 73), CC158 (n = 73) and CC127 (n = 62). CC90 included isolates belonging to the internationally spread MDR clone N. gonorrhoeae Multi-Antigen Sequence Typing (NG-MAST) G1407 (predominantly MLST ST1901). The ceftriaxone-resistant isolates with penA-60.001 (n = 7) belonged to CC73 or STs linking between CC90 and CC73 (ST233 and ST1133). Phylogenomic analysis revealed that NG-STAR CCs more appropriately correlated to phylogenomic AMR clusters compared with MLST STs, NG-MAST STs, NG-MAST genogroups and NG-STAR STs.ConclusionsNG-STAR CCs: are consistent with the gonococcal genome phylogeny; allow rapid visualizations with limited computational requirements; provide a simple, reproducible and portable nomenclature (for WGS and conventional Sanger sequencing data); and predict AMR lineages. Phenotypic AMR surveillance, supplemented with WGS, is imperative and NG-STAR CCs can effectively support this.
Rates of COVID-19–Related Outcomes in Cancer Compared With Noncancer Patients
Authors: Sun Lova , Surya Sanjna , Le Anh N , Desai Heena , Doucette Abigail , Gabriel Peter , Ritchie Marylyn D , Rader Daniel , Maillard Ivan , Bange Erin , Huang Alexander C , Vonderheide Robert H , DeMichele Angela , Verma Anurag , Mamtani Ronac , Maxwell Kara N 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCancer patients are a vulnerable population postulated to be at higher risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Increased COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in cancer patients may be attributable to age, comorbidities, smoking, health care exposure, and cancer treatments, and partially to the cancer itself. Most studies to date have focused on hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, thereby limiting the generalizability and interpretability of the association between cancer and COVID-19 severity. We compared outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 323 patients enrolled in a population-based study before the pandemic (n = 67 cancer patients; n = 256 noncancer patients). After adjusting for demographics, smoking status, and comorbidities, a diagnosis of cancer was independently associated with higher odds of hospitalization (odds ratio = 2.16, 95% confidence interval = 1.12 to 4.18) and 30-day mortality (odds ratio = 5.67, 95% confidence interval = 1.49 to 21.59). These associations were primarily driven by patients with active cancer. These results emphasize the critical importance of preventing SARS-CoV-2 exposure and mitigating infection in cancer patients.
Identity Management and Role Branding in Security Affairs: Alliance Building in Argentine Foreign Policy
Authors: Thies Cameron G , Wehner Leslie E 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper argues that states needing to engage in short-term strategic manipulation of their identity will often turn to branding strategies. Branding allows leaders the flexibility to adopt new roles or reimagine existing roles to fit with the current security environment. Drawing on insights from role theory, social identity, and branding, we develop a theoretical framework to understand how leaders innovate in roles. We apply this framework to two episodes of Argentine–US relations. The first case focuses on the Argentine role of active independent (1933–1945) despite US efforts to ascribe the faithful ally role. Only near the conclusion of the war did Perón transition to an ally partner role for strategic reasons and without much of a branding strategy. The second case is that of Argentina's adoption of the faithful ally role with the United States accompanied by a strong branding strategy under President Menem beginning in 1989. While innovation in the first case was possible without branding (though short-lived), the second case shows a more substantive transformation in Argentina's role set. Branding helps to carve out space in the role set for new roles that may compete with existing ones and ensure their successful adoption and enactment.
What COVID-19 Teaches Us About Implicit Bias in Pediatric Health Care
Authors: Mulchan Siddika S , Wakefield Emily O , Santos Melissa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To highlight the role of implicit bias in contributing to existing health disparities among pediatric populations during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and recommend strategies to reduce its impact.

Methods
A topical review of the recent literature on implicit bias describing its potential impact in key areas of pediatric health care within the context of COVID-19 was conducted.

Results
Pediatric provider implicit bias has been found to be similar to the general population and can negatively influence clinical decision-making and outcomes for marginalized youth and families, particularly under stressful conditions such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Implicit bias can be mitigated through strategies proposed at the individual, institutional/organizational, educational, and scientific/research levels.

Conclusions
The additional strain on provider resources, staff, and supplies created by COVID-19 may exacerbate providers’ susceptibility to implicit bias and contribute to health disparities. Pediatric psychologists are encouraged to recognize implicit biases in themselves and colleagues and promote identified strategies to reduce the impact of implicit bias on perpetuating health disparities in marginalized youth and families.
Attention-gating for improved radio galaxy classification
Authors: Bowles Micah , Scaife Anna M M , Porter Fiona , Tang Hongming , Bastien David J 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
In this work, we introduce attention as a state-of-the-art mechanism for classification of radio galaxies, using convolutional neural networks. We present an attention-based model that performs on par with previous classifiers while using more than 50 per cent fewer parameters than the next smallest classic CNN application in this field. We demonstrate quantitatively how the selection of normalization and aggregation methods used in attention-gating can affect the output of individual models, and show that the resulting attention maps can be used to interpret the classification choices made by the model. We observe that the salient regions identified by the our model align well with the regions an expert human classifier would attend to make equivalent classifications. We show that while the selection of normalization and aggregation may only minimally affect the performance of individual models, it can significantly affect the interpretability of the respective attention maps and by selecting a model which aligns well with how astronomers classify radio sources by eye, a user can employ the model in a more effective manner.
X-ray variability of the HMXB Cen X−3: evidence for inhomogeneous accretion flows
Authors: Sanjurjo-Ferrín G , Torrejón J M , Postnov K , Oskinova L , Rodes-Roca J J , Bernabeu G 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Cen X−3 is a compact high-mass X-ray binary likely powered by Roche lobe overflow. We present a phase-resolved X-ray spectral and timing analysis of two pointed XMM–Newton observations. The first one took place during a normal state of the source, when it has a luminosity LX ∼ 1036 erg s−1. This observation covered orbital phases ϕ = 0.00–0.37, i.e. the egress from the eclipse. The egress light curve is highly structured, showing distinctive intervals. We argue that different intervals correspond to the emergence of different emitting structures. The light-curve analysis enables us to estimate the size of such structures around the compact star, the most conspicuous of which has a size ∼0.3R*, of the order of the Roche lobe radius. During the egress, the equivalent width of Fe emission lines, from highly ionized species, decreases as the X-ray continuum grows. On the other hand, the equivalent width of the Fe K α line, from near-neutral Fe, strengthens. This line is likely formed due to the X-ray illumination of the accretion stream. The second observation was taken when the source was 10 times X-ray brighter and covered the orbital phases ϕ = 0.36–0.80. The X-ray light curve in the high state shows dips. These dips are not caused by absorption but can be due to instabilities in the accretion stream. The typical dip duration, of about 1000 s, is much longer than the time-scale attributed to the accretion of the clumpy stellar wind of the massive donor star, but is similar to the viscous time-scale at the inner radius of the accretion disc.
The completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: N-body mock challenge for galaxy clustering measurements
Authors: Rossi Graziano , Choi Peter D , Moon Jeongin , Bautista Julian E , Gil-Marín Hector , Paviot Romain , Vargas-Magaña Mariana , de la Torre Sylvain , Fromenteau Sebastien , Ross Ashley J , Ávila Santiago , Burtin Etienne , Dawson Kyle S , Escoffier Stéphanie , Habib Salman , Heitmann Katrin , Hou Jiamin , Mueller Eva-Maria , Percival Will J , Smith Alex , Zhao Cheng , Zhao Gong-Bo 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We develop a series of N-body data challenges, functional to the final analysis of the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) Data Release 16 (DR16) galaxy sample. The challenges are primarily based on high-fidelity catalogues constructed from the Outer Rim simulation – a large box size realization (3h−1Gpc) characterized by an unprecedented combination of volume and mass resolution, down to 1.85 × 109h−1M⊙. We generate synthetic galaxy mocks by populating Outer Rim haloes with a variety of halo occupation distribution (HOD) schemes of increasing complexity, spanning different redshift intervals. We then assess the performance of three complementary redshift space distortion (RSD) models in configuration and Fourier space, adopted for the analysis of the complete DR16 eBOSS sample of Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs). We find all the methods mutually consistent, with comparable systematic errors on the Alcock–Paczynski parameters and the growth of structure, and robust to different HOD prescriptions – thus validating the robustness of the models and the pipelines used for the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and full shape clustering analysis. In particular, all the techniques are able to recover α∥ and α⊥ to within $0.9{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, and fσ8 to within $1.5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. As a by-product of our work, we are also able to gain interesting insights on the galaxy–halo connection. Our study is relevant for the final eBOSS DR16 ‘consensus cosmology’, as the systematic error budget is informed by testing the results of analyses against these high-resolution mocks. In addition, it is also useful for future large-volume surveys, since similar mock-making techniques and systematic corrections can be readily extended to model for instance the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) galaxy sample.
Joint inference on the redshift distribution of fast radio burst and on the intergalactic baryon content
Authors: Hackstein S , Brüggen M , Vazza F 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Context: Fast radio bursts are transient radio pulses of extragalactic origin. Their dispersion measure is indicative of the baryon content in the ionized intergalactic medium between the source and the observer. However, inference using unlocalized fast radio bursts is degenerate to the distribution of redshifts of host galaxies. Method: We perform a joint inference of the intergalactic baryon content and the fast radio burst redshift distribution with the use of Bayesian statistics by comparing the likelihood of different models to reproduce the observed statistics in order to infer the most likely models. In addition to two models of the intergalactic medium, we consider contributions from the local environment of the source, assumed to be a magnetar, as well as a representative ensemble of host and intervening galaxies. Results: Assuming that the missing baryons reside in the ionized intergalactic medium, our results suggest that the redshift distribution of observed fast radio bursts peaks at z ≲ 0.6. However, conclusions from different instruments regarding the intergalactic baryon content diverge and thus require additional changes to the observed distribution of host redshifts, beyond those caused by telescope selection effects.
Photometric analysis of three totally eclipsing W UMa stars with increasing periods: TYC 3700-1384-1, V1511 Her, and V1179 Her
Authors: Broens Eric 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The first multicolour light-curve models and period studies for the totally eclipsing W UMa stars TYC 3700-1384-1, V1511 Her, and V1179 Her are presented. All three stars are A-subtype W UMa stars of spectral type F. The light-curve solutions show that TYC 3700-1384-1 has a moderately low mass ratio of q = 0.182 ± 0.001 and a degree of overcontact of $f = 49 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. For V1179 Her a mass ratio q = 0.153 ± 0.001 and a degree of overcontact of $f = 48 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ is derived. The solution for V1511 Her is inconclusive, however the mass ratio is expected to be between 0.13 &lt; q &lt; 0.15. The evolutionary status is compared with zero-age main sequence stars taking into account energy transfer from the primary to the secondary component. The primary component of TYC 3700-1384-1 fits well in the main-sequence, while V1179 Her is more evolved. The period study reveals for all three stars a continuously increasing period at a rate of ${{\mathrm{d}}P/{\mathrm{d}}t} = 6.1\times 10^{-7}\, \mathrm{d\, yr}^{-1}$, ${{\mathrm{d}}P/{\mathrm{d}}t} = 5.0\times 10^{-7}\, \mathrm{d\, yr}^{-1}$, and ${{\mathrm{d}}P/{\mathrm{d}}t} = 9.6\times 10^{-7}\, \mathrm{d\, yr}^{-1}$ for TYC 3700-1384-1, V1511 Her, and V1179 Her, respectively. The estimated mass transfer rates derived from these period changes are $\dot{M}=1.6 \times 10^{-7} {\, {\rm M}_\odot } \, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ for TYC 3700-1384-1 and $\dot{M}= 1.9 \times 10^{-7} {\, {\rm M}_\odot } \, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ for V1179 Her.
The atlas of RNase H antisense oligonucleotide distribution and activity in the CNS of rodents and non-human primates following central administration
Authors: Jafar-nejad Paymaan , Powers Berit , Soriano Armand , Zhao Hien , Norris Daniel A , Matson John , DeBrosse-Serra Beatrice , Watson Jamie , Narayanan Padmakumar , Chun Seung J , Mazur Curt , Kordasiewicz Holly , Swayze Eric E , Rigo Frank 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAntisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have emerged as a new class of drugs to treat a wide range of diseases, including neurological indications. Spinraza, an ASO that modulates splicing of SMN2 RNA, has shown profound disease modifying effects in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) patients, energizing efforts to develop ASOs for other neurological diseases. While SMA specifically affects spinal motor neurons, other neurological diseases affect different central nervous system (CNS) regions, neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Therefore, it is important to characterize ASO distribution and activity in all major CNS structures and cell types to have a better understanding of which neurological diseases are amenable to ASO therapy. Here we present for the first time the atlas of ASO distribution and activity in the CNS of mice, rats, and non-human primates (NHP), species commonly used in preclinical therapeutic development. Following central administration of an ASO to rodents, we observe widespread distribution and target RNA reduction throughout the CNS in neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia. This is also the case in NHP, despite a larger CNS volume and more complex neuroarchitecture. Our results demonstrate that ASO drugs are well suited for treating a wide range of neurological diseases for which no effective treatments are available.
Network controllability-based algorithm to target personalized driver genes for discovering combinatorial drugs of individual patients
Authors: Guo Wei-Feng , Zhang Shao-Wu , Feng Yue-Hua , Liang Jing , Zeng Tao , Chen Luonan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Multiple driver genes in individual patient samples may cause resistance to individual drugs in precision medicine. However, current computational methods have not studied how to fill the gap between personalized driver gene identification and combinatorial drug discovery for individual patients. Here, we developed a novel structural network controllability-based personalized driver genes and combinatorial drug identification algorithm (CPGD), aiming to identify combinatorial drugs for an individual patient by targeting personalized driver genes from network controllability perspective. On two benchmark disease datasets (i.e. breast cancer and lung cancer datasets), performance of CPGD is superior to that of other state-of-the-art driver gene-focus methods in terms of discovery rate among prior-known clinical efficacious combinatorial drugs. Especially on breast cancer dataset, CPGD evaluated synergistic effect of pairwise drug combinations by measuring synergistic effect of their corresponding personalized driver gene modules, which are affected by a given targeting personalized driver gene set of drugs. The results showed that CPGD performs better than existing synergistic combinatorial strategies in identifying clinical efficacious paired combinatorial drugs. Furthermore, CPGD enhanced cancer subtyping by computationally providing personalized side effect signatures for individual patients. In addition, CPGD identified 90 drug combinations candidates from SARS-COV2 dataset as potential drug repurposing candidates for recently spreading COVID-19.
Ecd promotes U5 snRNP maturation and Prp8 stability
Authors: Erkelenz Steffen , Stanković Dimitrije , Mundorf Juliane , Bresser Tina , Claudius Ann-Katrin , Boehm Volker , Gehring Niels H , Uhlirova Mirka 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pre-mRNA splicing catalyzed by the spliceosome represents a critical step in the regulation of gene expression contributing to transcriptome and proteome diversity. The spliceosome consists of five small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs), the biogenesis of which remains only partially understood. Here we define the evolutionarily conserved protein Ecdysoneless (Ecd) as a critical regulator of U5 snRNP assembly and Prp8 stability. Combining Drosophila genetics with proteomic approaches, we demonstrate the Ecd requirement for the maintenance of adult healthspan and lifespan and identify the Sm ring protein SmD3 as a novel interaction partner of Ecd. We show that the predominant task of Ecd is to deliver Prp8 to the emerging U5 snRNPs in the cytoplasm. Ecd deficiency, on the other hand, leads to reduced Prp8 protein levels and compromised U5 snRNP biogenesis, causing loss of splicing fidelity and transcriptome integrity. Based on our findings, we propose that Ecd chaperones Prp8 to the forming U5 snRNP allowing completion of the cytoplasmic part of the U5 snRNP biogenesis pathway necessary to meet the cellular demand for functional spliceosomes.
Vitamin D Deficiency or Supplementation and the Risk of Human Herpesvirus Infections or Reactivation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Liang-Yu , Bhate Ketaki , Forbes Harriet , Smeeth Liam , Warren-Gash Charlotte , Langan Sinéad M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Vitamin D may protect against respiratory virus infections, but any association with herpesviruses is unclear.

Methods
We undertook a systematic review of vitamin D deficiency or supplementation and the risk of 8 human herpesviruses. Six databases and 4 gray literature databases were searched for relevant cohort studies, case–control studies, and clinical trials.

Results
Ten studies were included, all conducted among immunosuppressed patients. There was no evidence that vitamin D deficiency is associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease (pooled risk ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.66–1.7), herpes zoster after transplantation (1 study), or HHV-8 among HIV patients (1 study). Vitamin D supplementation may decrease herpes zoster among hemodialysis patients (1 study) or CMV disease after renal transplantation (1 study), but supplementation was not associated with reduced EBV viral load among multiple sclerosis patients (1 study).

Conclusions
Any association between vitamin D and herpesviruses remains inconclusive. Further studies in the general population are needed.
Why is COVID-19 more deadly to nursing home residents?
Authors: Su Z , McDonnell D , Li Y 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
COVID-19 is deadly to older adults, with research showing that being older and having underlying chronic diseases are significant risk factors for COVID-19 related deaths. However, though similarities exist between both nursing home residents and older community-dwelling people, nursing home residents are substantially more vulnerable to COVID-19. A closer review of both demographic groups provides clarity concerning the difference within the context of COVID-19. Therefore, to address the research gap, drawing insights from Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model, this article aims to examine similarities and differences in COVID-19 risk factors experienced by nursing home residents and community-dwelling older people.