bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A process for evaluating a product category in an unfamiliar country: Issues and solutions in a case study of snacks in Japan
Authors: Murley Tyler , Kumar Rajesh , Chambers Edgar , Chambers Delores , Ciccone Melissa , Yang Gongshun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhen developing new products, it is important to understand not only the category, but also the characteristics of existing products in that category. It is common to analyze white spaces and generate ideas based on the markets in one's home country; but it is less common to look to other countries for inspiration for new product ideas. Differences in culture and practice may create difficulties for researchers. The objective of this case study was to determine and address the methodological challenges of conducting a product category assessment in an unfamiliar country. This was accomplished by exploring the snack food markets in Kyoto, Japan; and collecting snack products to generate new concepts for future snack food innovation projects. Fifteen sensory experts from Kansas State University traveled to Kyoto, Japan to understand better the regional snack food market. The researchers targeted shops and markets in search of various types of snacks. The group tasted a subset of the snacks and held discussions on product sensory attributes, and any challenges in obtaining and understanding the snacks. Issues included payment, data collection, product selection, evaluation space, language barriers, and transportation. Real‐time problem solving and group discussion led to solutions to overcome such challenges.Practical ApplicationsThis paper provides a set of considerations for better understanding a product category in an unfamiliar country. It highlights issues and potential solutions for researchers who want to conduct such research.
A trimethoxy flavonoid isolated from stem extract of Tabebuia chrysantha suppresses angiogenesis in angiosarcoma
Authors: Panda Siva Prasad , Panigrahy Uttam Prasad , Prasanth D S N B K , Gorla Uma Sankar , Guntupalli Chakravarthi , Panda Deba Prasad , Jena Bikash Ranjan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This research aimed to evaluate the antiangiogenic activity of isolated flavonoid 4a,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) chromen-4-one (TMF) from Tabebuia chrysantha. STAT3-MMP9 signalling is a signal transduction mechanism that promotes angiogenesis in various cancers.

Methods
The tumour xenografting chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model-based ex vivo assay was used to evaluate the activity of TMF. The Western blot, densitometric analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed to evaluate the activity of the MMP9. Zebrafish embryos were used to evaluate embryotoxicity, and in vitro free radical scavenging activity of flavonoid was also elucidated.

Key findings
This research assessed the high level of STAT3, p-ERK, VEGF-R and MMP9 in the tissue extract of the control group, and also, the suppression of angiogenesis in the treatment groups was due to scavenged ROS and RNS, dephosphorylation of STAT3 and ERK, and suppression of MMP9 gene expression.

Conclusion
The isolated flavonoid named TMF from T. chrysantha functions as specific regulators of target proteins of angiosarcoma. The STAT3-MMP9 signalling may be used as an effective prognostic marker of angiosarcoma.
Spatial and seasonal variations of dinoflagellates and ciliates in the Kongsfjorden, Svalbard
Authors: Bhaskar Jane Theophline , Parli Bhaskar Venkateswaran , Tripathy Sarat Chandra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAbundance and assemblages of dinoflagellates and ciliates were studied in water samples collected from three different depths at five locations in the Kongsfjorden, during summer (June 14–21, 2011) and fall (September 15–27, 2012). Generally, athecate dinoflagellates were ubiquitously dominant during both seasons. Surface dinoflagellates abundance ranged from 1.87 × 103 cells/L (KF1) to 11.62 × 103 cells/L (KF4) and column integrated abundance ranged from 20.3 × 106 cells/m2 (KF1) to 126 × 106 cells/m2 (KF2) during summer. Dinoflagellate abundance was relatively lower during fall ranging from 0.02 × 103 cells/L (KF5) to 0.66 × 103 cells/L (KF3) at surface, and correspondingly, a low column integrated abundance ranging from 2.34 × 106 cells/m2 (KF5) to 19.1 × 106 cells/m2 (KF1) was observed. Amphidinium sp., Gyrodinium fusiforme, Gyrodinium estuarile dominated during summer, while Gymnodinium sp. was dominant during fall. Among ciliates, aloricate ciliates were more dominant than loricates. Ciliates at surface ranged from as low as 0.069 × 103 cells/L (KF1) to 3.69 × 103 cells/L (KF4) during summer. Ciliate abundance increased with depth (up to 20 m). Strombidium spp. (55.28%) and Mesodinium rubrum (36.66%) were dominant during summer. Among the loricates and the aloricates, Strombidium spp. (85.72%) and Tintinnid spp. (92.15%) dominated in fall. The presence of dominant aloricates with characteristic cleptochloroplasts reflected high grazing activity in these waters during both seasons. Diversity study indicates that the dinoflagellates and ciliates are well represented during both seasons. Statistical analyses of the dinoflagellates and ciliates with hydrographic data do not show dominant role of any hydrographical parameters on their diversity, and the same is discussed vis‐à‐vis Atlantification of the fjord.
In the Mind of Dementia: Neurobiological Empathy, Incommensurability, and the Dementia Tojisha Movement in Japan
Authors: Kitanaka Junko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLiving in the world's leading superaging society, Japanese are confronted with a tsunami of dementia that has generated fear of becoming mentally incommensurable to oneself and to others. Based on three years of fieldwork in various clinical settings, including a memory clinic in Tokyo, I show how people with dementia (dementia tojishas) and doctors have employed three approaches to overcoming incommensurability: psychotherapeutic, neurobiological, and ecological. With a primary focus on the neurobiological, I show how tojishas and doctors try to cultivate what I call “neurobiological empathy,” asking people to imagine not just how to be together with those with dementia but also what it is to be (in the mind of someone) with dementia. Investigating both the effects and limits of the neurobiologization of dementia, I ask how the dementia tojisha movement can work toward diminishing the preexisting fear about dementia and supplementing incommensurability with understanding and empathy.
Lung cryobiopsy and interstitial lung disease: What is its role in the era of multidisciplinary meetings and antifibrotics?
Authors: Troy Lauren K. , Hetzel Juergen 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTDiagnosing ILD can be complex, and despite detailed evaluation and HRCT imaging, many patients require lung biopsy to help classify their disease. SLB has served as the reference standard for histopathology in ILD, since initial classification schemes were created more than 50 years ago. Frequently, patients are too unwell to undertake SLB and remain unclassifiable, despite the input of expert MDD. This can limit access to therapy and establishment of prognosis. TBLC is an emerging procedure for sampling lung tissue with promising results in research and clinical settings. Although diagnostic yield is not as high as SLB, the risk profile looks to be more acceptable and the accuracy appears to be good. There is increasing evidence for the utility of cryobiopsy in ILD diagnosis, particularly within the MDD. Cryobiopsy serves as an important adjunct for the diagnosis of ILD, enhancing the diagnostic confidence of treating clinicians.
Sex differences in the physiological response to a demanding military field exercise
Authors: Vikmoen Olav , Teien Hilde Kristin , Raustøl Marius , Aandstad Anders , Tansø Rita , Gulliksrud Kristine , Skare Magnhild , Raastad Truls 
Published: April 2020

PurposeTo investigate sex differences in the effect of a military field exercise on physical performance, body composition, and blood biomarkers.MethodsMeasurements were done in 23 male and 12 female conscripts before, and 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after a 6‐day military field exercise.ResultsDuring the field exercise, body mass decreased more in men (−6.5 ± 1.1 kg) than in women (−2.7 ± 0.7 kg), and muscle mass decreased only in men (−2.7 ± 1.0 kg). Body composition recovered within one week. Performance decreased, with no differences between men and women for countermovement jump (CMJ,‐19 ± 8 vs. −18 ± 11%), medicine ball throw (MBT, −11 ± 7 vs. −11 ± 7%), and an anaerobic performance test (EVAC, −55 ± 22 vs. −47 ± 31%, men and women, respectively). MBT and EVAC performance recovered within two weeks, whereas CMJ performance was still reduced in men (−17 ± 6%) and women (−9 ± 8%) after two weeks recovery, with a larger reduction in men. Both men and women decreased [IGF‐1] (−28 ± 9 vs. −41 ± 8%) and increased [cortisol] (26 ± 26 vs. 66 ± 93%, men and women, respectively) during the exercise. Most biomarkers returned to baseline values within one week.ConclusionsMen lost more body mass and muscle mass than women during a field exercise, but these differences did not lead to sex differences in changes in explosive strength and anaerobic performance. However, women recovered explosive strength in the legs faster than men.
Why do unemployed people avoid participation in training? An experiment for policy making
Authors: Focacci Chiara N. , Lam Pak H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite active labour market policies being implemented to increase the skills and job opportunities of the unemployed, the number of people who do not participate in training and other services of job orientation remains high. By providing a model that studies the decision‐making process of a potential participant, we hypothesise there is a behavioural motive behind it. An experiment is carried out to account for both the individual's preference and the social expectations of agents such as the government and her peers with respect to active occupational measures. Findings show that young unemployed individuals are significantly influenced by their peers when deciding whether to participate or not in a training programme. Particularly, negative expectations from the peers cause unemployed potential participants in a within‐ and between‐subjects experiment to be, respectively, 33 and 42 percentage points less likely to take part in job training.
A case of atypical multifocal nodular eosinophilic dermatosis in a Labrador retriever dog
Authors: Emery Carolyn B. , Affolter Verena K. , Outerbridge Catherine A. , Lam Andrea T. H. , White Stephen D. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundA dog with gastrointestinal signs and a history of administration of multiple drugs developed acute multifocal to coalescing ulcerative nodules and a large plaque.ObjectiveTo describe abnormal nodular clinical lesions with an unexpected superficial and deep severe eosinophilic perivascular to interstitial inflammation.AnimalA 7‐year‐old spayed female Labrador retrieverMethods and materialsBlood tests, faecal and urinalysis, and abdominal radiographs were performed; skin biopsy samples were taken for cytological, culture and histopathological analyses.ResultsThe blood tests, faecal, urinalysis and radiographs were within normal limits. Cytological results revealed inflammatory cells and cultures had no growth. Histopathological evaluation revealed dermal and subcutaneous oedema, mucin deposition and perivascular to interstitial inflammation predominated by eosinophils with occasional very small intralesional dense aggregates of eosinophils centred on collagen bundles, eosinophilic exocytosis and small eosinophilic pustules. Focal subepidermal fibrin exudation and haemorrhage resulted in epidermal detachment and ulceration. Clinical resolution of the dermatological and gastrointestinal signs was seen with the withdrawal of prior medications and administration of a tapering course of anti‐inflammatory doses of prednisolone.Conclusions and clinical importanceTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is a novel nodular clinical and eosinophilic histopathological pattern combination. This case offers evidence of a spectrum of sterile eosinophilic dermatoses rather than multiple different disease processes.
Pretreatment aerobic bacterial swab cultures to predict infection in acute open traumatic wounds: A prospective clinical study of 64 dogs
Authors: Hamil Lauren E. , Smeak Daniel D. , Johnson Valerie A. , Dow Steven W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the value of initial aerobic bacterial cultures of acute open traumatic wounds to predict bacterial species in wounds that become infected.Study designProspective clinical trial.AnimalsSixty‐four dogs with naturally occurring acute cutaneous traumatic wounds (2017‐2018).MethodsInitial swabs were taken from each wound prior to and after lavage and debridement for quantitative and qualitative aerobic bacterial culture. Cultures were repeated on wounds that displayed any clinical sign of infection within 14 days of presentation.ResultsFewer bacteria were cultured from postlavage than from prelavage swabs in 43 of 50 (86%) acute wounds. All primary clinicians prescribed β‐lactam antibiotics to the dogs at initial presentation. All bacteria cultured from postlavage/debridement cultures at initial presentation were susceptible to the prophylactic antimicrobial prescribed. Postoperative infection was subsequently diagnosed in 14 of 64 (22%) dogs; 13 of these dogs had positive culture results. No correlation was detected between the results of initial wound cultures and the subsequent development of wound infection. Bacterial species present in the initial wound swab did not correlate with those subsequently cultured from infected tissues.ConclusionResults of pretreatment wound cultures from open traumatic wounds in dogs were not predictive of bacterial species subsequently recovered from infected wounds. The bacterial burden present in pretreatment wounds was not predictive of whether wounds would ultimately become infected after surgical management.Clinical significanceRoutine bacterial culturing of acute wounds is not likely to help predict subsequent wound infection, nor is it likely to accurately guide early selection of antimicrobials to treat wounds that become infected.
Evaluation of cementless femoral stem level on mediolateral projection radiographs
Authors: Burneko Marie , Hudson Caleb C. , Beale Brian S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of measuring cementless femoral stem level on mediolateral projection radiographs.Study designBenchtop cadaveric.Sample populationTwelve canine cadaver femurs.MethodsCementless femoral stems were inserted into 12 canine cadaver femurs at three levels of subsidence. Mediolateral radiographs were obtained for each femur at 0°, 10°, and − 10° frontal plane angulation and at 0°, 15°, 30°, −15°, and − 30° axial plane rotation. Stem level was measured physically on specimens and on radiographs, and a proportion was used to calculate corrected stem level. Stem level was assessed relative to the greater trochanter and relative to the intertrochanteric fossa. Analysis of variance tests were used to compare actual, radiographically measured, and corrected stem level.ResultsNo differences were detected between radiographically measured and actual stem level relative to the greater trochanter at 0°, 15°, 30°, and − 30° axial rotation with 0° frontal plane angulation; introduction of 10° or − 10° frontal plane angulation resulted in differences between radiographically measured and actual stem level. Errors >0.5 mm were observed in 82% of radiographic measurements on the basis of the intertrochanteric fossa. The use of a corrective proportion did not improve the accuracy of radiographic measurements.ConclusionFemoral stem level was accurately quantitated on mediolateral projection radiographs in this cadaver model. Frontal plane angulation distorted this measurement.Clinical significanceFemoral stem subsidence may be assessed on well‐positioned mediolateral projection radiographs if the landmarks are visible.
Impact of breed on canine humeral condylar fracture configuration, surgical management, and outcome
Authors: Sanchez Villamil Carlos , Phillips Andrew S. J. , Pegram Camilla L. , O'Neill Dan G. , Meeson Richard L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report the prevalence, configuration, risk factors, fixation methods and outcomes after repair of humeral condylar fractures (HCF) in dogs.Study designRetrospective nested cohort study.Sample populationOne hundred twelve dogs.MethodsMedical records of dogs referred between January 2010 and August 2018 were searched for HCF. Demographics, fracture configuration, repair, and complications were obtained from medical records. Radiographs were assessed for fracture reduction, implant positioning, and bone healing. Short‐term radiographic and clinical outcomes, and long‐term owner‐assessed outcome was determined. Associations between these variables were statistically analyzed.ResultsDogs with HCF represented 112 of 43 325 (0.26%, 95% CI 0.22‐0.31) referrals. French bulldogs and spaniel breeds were predisposed to HCF (P < .02). French bulldogs were 6.58 times (95% CI 1.62‐26.7) more likely than other breeds to have a medial HCF (P = .008). Epicondylar plate fixation was associated with reduced complications compared with lag screws and Kirschner wires (P = .009). Lameness was scored as 1 of 5 (median) in the 85 dogs with initial follow‐up (median 6 weeks) after HCF repair. Outcome was considered excellent in 26 of 31 dogs with long‐term follow‐up (median 36 months).ConclusionFrench bulldogs and spaniels were predisposed to HCF, and medial HCF were more common in French bulldogs. Epicondylar plate fixation was associated with reduced complications.Clinical significanceFrench bulldogs are predisposed to HCF, including medial HCF. Epicondylar plate fixation is recommended over other epicondylar fixation methods to reduce complications.
How Coaches See Conscientiousness-Related Traits and Their Impact on Athletes’ Training and Expertise Development
Authors: Tedesqui Rafael A. B. , Young Bradley W. 
Published: April 2020

Conscientiousness, grit, and self-control are personality characteristics that have been shown to differentially predict several criteria of expertise development, including athletes’ deliberate practice and higher skill levels. However, little is known about coaches’ views on (a) how these conscientiousness-related traits translate into behaviors within the daily training environment or (b) the relevance of these traits for athletes’ quantity and quality of practice and development toward expert levels of performance. To fill these gaps, semistructured open-ended interviews were conducted with 11 high-performance coaches (nine males and two females) of individual and team sports, and national and international competitive levels. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis guidelines. The coaches’ descriptions evidenced some overlap between the investigated traits and a partial view of these constructs. They generally believed that grit, conscientiousness, and self-control play critical roles on athletes’ quality of practice and skill development. Notably, the coaches highlighted that tendencies to persevere despite adversity and mindfully use self-regulated processes seem to be powerful predispositions for athletes’ development toward expert performance levels. The results suggested potential mechanisms to help explain the observed relationship between conscientiousness-related traits and athletes’ quality of practice and skill development.
Evaluation of Phosphoethanolamine Cellulose Production among Bacterial Communities Using Congo Red Fluorescence
Authors: Thongsomboon Wiriya , Werby Sabrina H. , Cegelski Lynette 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Bacterial biofilms are surface-associated communities of bacterial cells enmeshed in an extracellular matrix (ECM). The biofilm lifestyle results in physiological heterogeneity across the community, promotes persistence, and protects cells from external insults such as antibiotic treatment. Escherichia coli was recently discovered to produce a chemically modified form of cellulose, phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) cellulose, which contributes to the formation of its extracellular matrix and elaboration of its hallmark wrinkled macrocolony architectures. Both pEtN cellulose and unmodified cellulose bind dyes such as calcofluor white and Congo red (CR). Here, we present the use of CR fluorescence to distinguish between pEtN cellulose and unmodified cellulose producers. We demonstrate the utility of this tool in the evaluation of a uropathogenic E. coli clinical isolate that appeared to produce curli and a cellulosic component but did not exhibit macrocolony wrinkling. We determined that lack of macrocolony wrinkling was attributed to a single-nucleotide mutation and introduction of a stop codon in bcsG, abrogating production of BcsG, the pEtN transferase. Thus, this work underscores the important contribution of the pEtN cellulose modification to the E. coli agar-based macrocolony wrinkling phenotype and introduces a facile approach to distinguish between modified and unmodified cellulose.
IMPORTANCE E. coli bacteria produce amyloid fibers, termed curli, and a cellulosic component to assemble biofilm communities. Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, and we recently discovered that the cellulosic component in E. coli biofilms was not standard cellulose, but a newly identified cellulosic polymer, phosphoethanolamine cellulose. Studies involving the biological and functional impact of this cellulose modification among E. coli and other organisms are just beginning. Convenient methods for distinguishing pEtN cellulose from unmodified cellulose in E. coli and for estimating production are needed to facilitate further research. Dissecting the balance of pEtN cellulose and curli production by E. coli commensal strains and clinical isolates will improve our understanding of the host microbiome and of factors contributing to bacterial pathogenesis.
Longitudinal trends in the quality, effectiveness and attributes of highly rated smartphone health apps
Authors: Mercurio Mara , Larsen Mark , Wisniewski Hannah , Henson Philip , Lagan Sarah , Torous John 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundWhile there are numerous mental health apps on the market today, less is known about their safety and quality. This study aims to offer a longitudinal perspective on the nature of high visibility apps for common mental health and physical health conditions.MethodsIn July 2019, we selected the 10 top search-returned apps in the Apple App Store and Android Google Play Store using six keyword terms: depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, addiction, high blood pressure and diabetes. Each app was downloaded by two authors and reviewed by a clinician, and the app was coded for features, functionality, claims, app store properties, and other properties.ResultsCompared with 1 year prior, there were few statistically significant changes in app privacy policies, evidence and features. However, there was a high rate of turnover with only 34 (57%) of the apps from the Apple’s App Store and 28 (47%) from the Google Play Store remaining in the 2019 top 10 search compared with the 2018 search.DiscussionAlthough there was a high turnover of top search-returned apps between 2018 and 2019, we found that there were few significant changes in features, privacy, medical claims and other properties. This suggests that, although the highly visible and available apps are changing, there were no significant improvements in app quality or safety.