bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐arachidonoyl dopamine inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells through ERK signaling and decreasing the cellular cholesterol
Authors: Bandyopadhayaya Shreetama , Akimov Mikhail G. , Verma Ranjeet , Sharma Ankit , Sharma Divya , Kundu Gopal C. , Gretskaya Natalia M. , Bezuglov Vladimir V. , Mandal Chandi C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractN‐acyl dopamines (NADAs) are bioactive lipids of the endovanilloid family with known cytotoxicity for the cancer cells; however, the available data on the participation of the endovanilloids in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness are controversial. This study unveils the inhibitory role of N‐arachidonoyl dopamine (AA‐DA), a typical representative of the NADA family, in breast cancer cell migration, EMT, and stemness. AA‐DA treatment also led to a decrease in cholesterol biosynthesis gene expressions, and addition of exogenous cholesterol reverted these AA‐DA‐mediated inhibitory effects. Notably, AA‐DA treatment inhibited the key regulatory gene of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, sterol regulatory element‑binding protein 1 (SREBP1), with concurrent repression of the endoplasmic reticulum kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway. Furthermore, U0126, an ERK inhibitor, inhibited SREBP1 and decreased cellular cholesterol level, unwinding the molecular mechanism behind AA‐DA‐mediated anticancer activity. Thus, we, for the first time, revealed that AA‐DA counteracts breast cancer EMT via inhibition of ERK signaling and cholesterol content.
Environmental exposures and the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: The potential role of BACE1 as a critical neurotoxic target
Authors: Syeda Tauqeerunnisa , Cannon Jason R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a major public health crisis due to devastating cognitive symptoms, a lack of curative treatments, and increasing prevalence. Most cases are sporadic (>95% of cases) after the age of 65 years, implicating an important role of environmental factors in disease pathogenesis. Environmental neurotoxicants have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's Disease and AD. Animal models of AD and in vitro studies have shed light on potential neuropathological mechanisms, yet the biochemical and molecular underpinnings of AD‐relevant environmental neurotoxicity remain poorly understood. Beta‐site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a potentially critical pathogenic target of environmentally induced neurotoxicity. BACE1 clearly has a critical role in AD pathophysiology: It is required for amyloid beta production and expression and activity of BACE1 are increased in the AD brain. Though the literature on BACE1 in response to environmental insults is limited, current studies, along with extensive AD neurobiology literature suggest that BACE1 deserves attention as an important neurotoxic target. Here, we critically review research on environmental neurotoxicants such as metals, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, polyfluoroalkyl substances, heterocyclic aromatic amines, advanced glycation end products, and acrolein that modulate BACE1 and potential mechanisms of action. Though more research is needed to clearly understand whether BACE1 is a critical mediator of AD‐relevant neurotoxicity, available reports provide convincing evidence that BACE1 is altered by environmental risk factors associated with AD pathology, implying that BACE1 inhibition and its use as a biomarker should be considered in AD management and research.
Lung cancer cell‐derived EDA‐containing fibronectin induces an inflammatory response from monocytes and promotes metastatic tumor microenvironment
Authors: Amin Asif , Mokhdomi Taseem A. , Bukhari Shoiab , Wani Zubair , Chikan Naveed A. , Shah Basit A. , Koul Aabid M. , Majeed Umer , Farooq Faizah , Qadri Ayub , Qadri Raies A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role in facilitating tumor growth and metastasis. This tumor‐promoting propensity of TAMs sets in as a result of their complex cross‐talk with tumor cells mediated primarily by tumor cell‐secreted proteins in the tumor microenvironment. To explore such interactions, we employed an immunoscreening approach involving the immunization of Balb‐c mice with model human lung carcinoma cell line, A549. From serological examination combined with mass spectrometric analysis, EDA‐containing fibronectin (EDAFN) was identified as a conspicuous immunogenic protein in A549 cell secretome. We showed that A549 secreted EDAFN engages TLR‐4 on THP‐1 monocytes to drive the proinflammatory response via NF‐κB signaling cascade. Conversely, A549 derived EDAFN potentiates their metastatic capacity by inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition through its autocrine activity. In conclusion, the study proposes a possible mechanism of cellular cross‐talk between lung cancer cells and associated monocytes mediated by lung cancer‐derived EDAFN and resulting in the establishment of proinflammatory and metastatic tumor microenvironment.
A community‐specific framework of risk factors for youth violence: A qualitative comparison of community stakeholder perspectives in a low‐income, urban community
Authors: Ross Katherine M. , Sullivan Terri , O'Connor Kelly , Hitti Stephanie , Leiva Manuel N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study offers a qualitative comparison of risk factors for youth violence from the perspectives of community stakeholders in a low‐income, urban community experiencing elevated rates of violence. One‐on‐one interviews were conducted with 36 community stakeholders across three key categories: 10 community residents who cared for youth living in the community, 15 program or service providers, and 11 leaders in community agencies and organizations. A grounded theory approach was used for data collection and analysis to extract themes that emerged from the question, “What are the things in the community that lead to youth violence?” While there was significant overlap in stakeholders’ beliefs about precursors to youth violence, important differences also emerged. In order for youth violence prevention strategies to be successful, they must consider and address risk factors identified by community stakeholders involved in the implementation and sustainability.
Improving the school environment: School staff perceptions of school climate data and reporting practices
Authors: Debnam Katrina J. , Edwards Kelly , Cornell Dewey 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSchool climate surveys have become widely used in U.S. schools, but there is little information on whether school leaders engage teachers and other staff in the process of reviewing and making use of survey results. This mixed‐methods study examined staff interest, viewing, and use of survey results in a state that administers a school climate survey. Semistructured interviews with 15 staff members were conducted to gain insight into quantitative results from 16,525 staff members in 318 high schools. Survey data showed that although 84% of school staff were interested in seeing the results of their school climate survey, fewer than one‐third reported seeing the results or using them for school planning or improvement. Administrators were more likely than teachers and other staff to have seen and used survey results. Content coding of the qualitative data elaborated on staff interest in reviewing and using climate data. These findings highlight the need for school leaders to collaborate with school staff on interpreting and using survey results for school climate improvement efforts.
Help‐Seeking Behaviors of African Americans After a Loss
Authors: Matthews Jennifer J. , Fonseca Fiona D. , Varnado‐Johnson Chantrelle Deron 
Published: January 2021

We investigated attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help, ethnic identity, and complicated grief symptoms among 86 African Americans after they experienced the death of a loved one. There were no significant correlations among ethnic identity, help‐seeking attitude, and complicated grief symptoms. Multiple regression analyses indicated that gender and education level predicted help‐seeking attitude, F(2, 84) = 4.64, p < .05, and that gender, education level, and religious affiliation predicted complicated grief symptoms, F(3, 79) = 3.73, p < .05. We explore the results, implications, and areas for future research.Investigamos las actitudes hacia la búsqueda de ayuda psicológica profesional, la identidad étnica y los síntomas de duelo complicado en 86 personas afroamericanas tras experimentar la muerte de un ser querido. No se hallaron correlaciones significativas entre la identidad étnica, la actitud de búsqueda de ayuda y los síntomas de duelo complicado. Los análisis de regresión múltiple indicaron que el sexo y el nivel de educación pronosticaron la actitud de búsqueda de ayuda, F(2, 84) = 4.64, p < .05, y que el sexo, el nivel de educación y la afiliación religiosa pronosticaron los síntomas de duelo complicado, F(3, 79) = 3.73, p < .05. Exploramos los resultados, implicaciones y áreas para investigaciones futuras.
Morphological research on amniote eggs and embryos: An introduction and historical retrospective
Authors: Blackburn Daniel G. , Stewart James. R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEvolution of the terrestrial egg of amniotes (reptiles, birds, and mammals) is often considered to be one of the most significant events in vertebrate history. Presence of an eggshell, fetal membranes, and a sizeable yolk allowed this egg to develop on land and hatch out well‐developed, terrestrial offspring. For centuries, morphologically‐based studies have provided valuable information about the eggs of amniotes and the embryos that develop from them. This review explores the history of such investigations, as a contribution to this special issue ofJournal of Morphology, titledDevelopmental Morphology and Evolution of Amniote Eggs and Embryos. Anatomically‐based investigations are surveyed from the ancient Greeks through the Scientific Revolution, followed by the 19th and early 20th centuries, with a focus on major findings of historical figures who have contributed significantly to our knowledge. Recent research on various aspects of amniote eggs is summarized, including gastrulation, egg shape and eggshell morphology, eggs of Mesozoic dinosaurs, sauropsid yolk sacs, squamate placentation, embryogenesis, and the phylotypic phase of embryonic development. As documented in this review, studies on amniote eggs and embryos have relied heavily on morphological approaches in order to answer functional and evolutionary questions.
Inflammation‐associated factors for predicting in‐hospital mortality in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Wang Jun‐Hong , Chen Ru‐Dong , Yang Hong‐Kuan , Zeng Ling‐Cheng , Chen Hao , Hou Yu‐Yang , Hu Wei , Yu Jia‐Sheng , Li Hua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim is to explore the relation between inflammation‐associated factors and in‐hospital mortality and investigate which factor is an independent predictor of in‐hospital death in patients with coronavirus disease‐2019. This study included patients with coronavirus disease‐2019, who were hospitalized between February 9, 2020, and March 30, 2020. Univariate Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) were used to select variables. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was applied to identify independent risk factors in coronavirus disease‐2019. A total of 1135 patients were analyzed during the study period. A total of 35 variables were considered to be risk factors after the univariate regression analysis of the clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters (p < .05), and LASSO regression analysis screened out seven risk factors for further study. The six independent risk factors revealed by multivariate Cox regression were myoglobin (HR, 5.353; 95% CI, 2.633–10.882; p < .001), C‐reactive protein (HR, 2.063; 95% CI, 1.036–4.109; p = .039), neutrophil count (HR, 2.015; 95% CI, 1.154–3.518; p = .014), interleukin 6 (Il‐6; HR, 9.753; 95% CI, 2.952–32.218; p < .001), age (HR, 2.016; 95% CI, 1.077–3.773; p = .028), and international normalized ratio (HR, 2.595; 95% CI, 1.412–4.769; p = .002). Our results suggested that inflammation‐associated factors were significantly associated with in‐hospital mortality in coronavirus disease‐2019 patients. C‐reactive protein, neutrophil count, and interleukin 6 were independent factors for predicting in‐hospital mortality and had a better independent predictive ability. We believe these findings may allow early identification of the patients at high risk for death, and can also assist in better management of these patients.
COVID‐19 screening test by using random oropharyngeal saliva
Authors: Rao Mohan , Rashid Fairuz A. , Sabri Fashihah S. A. H. , Jamil Nur Nadia , Seradja Valentinus , Abdullah Nurul A. , Ahmad Hanisah , Aren S. L. , Ali Shareh A. S. , Ghazali Mawaddah , Manaf Anizan A. , Talib Harishah , Hashim Rohaidah , Zain Rozainanee , Thayan Ravindran , Amran Fairuz , Aris Tahir , Ahmad Norazah 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn optimal clinical specimen for accurate detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) by minimizing the usage of consumables and reduce hazard exposure to healthcare workers is an urgent priority. The diagnostic performance of SARS‐CoV‐2 detection between healthcare worker‐collected nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal (NP + OP) swabs and patient performed self‐collected random saliva was assessed. Paired NP + OP swabs and random saliva were collected and processed within 48 h of specimen collection from two cohort studies which recruited 562 asymptomatic adult candidates. Real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction targeting Open reading frame 1a (ORF1a) and nucleocapsid (N) genes was performed and the results were compared. Overall, 65 of 562 (28.1%) candidates tested positive for COVID‐19 based on random saliva, NP + OP swabs, or both testing techniques. The detection rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 was higher in random saliva compared to NP + OP testing (92.3%; 60/65 vs. 73.8%; 48/65; p < .05). The estimated sensitivity and specificity of random saliva were higher than NP + OP swabs (95.0; 99.9 vs. 72.2; 99.4). The Ct values of ORF1a and N genes were significantly lower in random saliva compared to NP + OP swabs specimens. Our findings demonstrate that random saliva is an alternative diagnostic specimen for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2. Self‐collected random oropharyngeal saliva is a valuable specimen that provides accurate SARS‐CoV‐2 surveillance testing of a community.
Responsiveness to bepridil predicts atrial substrate in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yakabe Daisuke , Fukuyama Yusuke , Araki Masahiro , Nakamura Toshihiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe low voltage zone (LVZ) detected with three‐dimensional electroanatomical mapping is a surrogate marker of atrial scar in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes after catheter ablation. However, fewer studies have reported the relationship between responsiveness to antiarrhythmic drugs and the LVZ.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 76 patients who underwent catheter ablation for PeAF at our center. Rhythm control with bepridil was initiated before ablation in all patients, and electrical cardioversion was performed in cases of failure to restore sinus rhythm with bepridil alone. Patients with successful sinus restoration with bepridil alone (≤200 mg/d) were defined as “responders”, while those who required electrical cardioversion as well were defined as “non‐responders”. We compared the LVZ ratio (ratio of the LVZ surface area to the left atrium surface area on three‐dimensional electroanatomical mapping) and the recurrence‐free rate after ablation between the two groups.ResultsOf the 76 patients, 48 (63.2%) were responders to bepridil. The median LVZ ratio was significantly lower in the responder group than in the nonresponder group (7.5% vs 14.0%, P = .009). Multivariate analysis revealed that response to bepridil was an independent predictor of normal voltage (P = .02, odds ratio = 0.20, 95% confidence interval = 0.04‐0.76). The recurrence‐free rate at 1 year after catheter ablation was significantly higher in the responder group than in the nonresponder group (87.1% vs 62.3%, P = .03).ConclusionsResponse to bepridil is a marker of normal voltage in electroanatomical mapping and is significantly associated with better clinical outcomes after catheter ablation.
Relationship between the degree of renal dysfunction and the safety and efficacy outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Wada Ryo , Shinohara Masaya , Nakanishi Rine , Kinosihita Toshio , Yuzawa Hitomi , Ikeda Takanori 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical evaluation of a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with renal dysfunction has not been sufficiently studied. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DOACs for patients with a severely impaired renal function.MethodsThis was a retrospective and observational study in a single center. We enrolled 894 consecutive AF patients who were prescribed DOACs, and divided them into three groups based on their creatinine clearance (CrCl) value: CrCl ≥ 50 mL/min group (n = 634), CrCl 30‐49 mL/min group (n = 207), and CrCl 15‐29 mL/min group (n = 53). We evaluated the occurrence of major bleeding (MB) as the safety outcome and thromboembolic events (TEs) as the efficacy outcome during the follow‐up.ResultsThe incidence of MB in the CrCl 15‐29 mL/min group was significantly higher than in the other groups (CrCl ≥ 50 mL/min group, 0.8/100 person‐years; CrCl 30‐49 mL/min group, 1.2/100 person‐years; CrCl 15‐29 mL/min group, 9.0/100 person‐years, log rank test, P < .001). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the incidence of TEs among the three groups. A multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for the age revealed that the CrCl 15‐29 mL/min group was significantly associated with increased MB compared to the CrCl ≥ 50 mL/min group (hazard ratio: 9.76, 95% confidence interval: 2.69‐35.5, P < .001). Similar results were observed when adjusting for other multiple clinical factors.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the degree of renal dysfunction was a significant prognostic factor for MB in AF patients receiving DOACs.
Assessment of cultured media for desert moss crust by physiological responses
Authors: Tao Ling , Ren Hanru , Ren Jun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe physiological responses of desert moss crusts under four artificial media (Beneck, Part, BG11, and Hogland) were investigated to evaluate the function of culture media during different culture periods. The results showed that the value of malondialdehyde (MDA) was at a maximum at 11d, on the contrary, chlorophyll‐a, soluble protein, and soluble sugar were at a minimum. As the time increased, the value of MDA and soluble protein decreased faster in the Hogland, while the value of chlorophyll‐a and soluble sugar increased. At the end of the culture period, the value of chlorophyll‐a and soluble sugar was at a maximum in the Hogland, while the value of MDA and soluble protein was at a minimum. The results suggested that the Hogland medium had a promoting effect on the growth of desert moss crusts. The selected artificial cultivation medium towards wider and larger scale field applications of cultural desert biocrust was widely anticipated.
Phase transition and trigger mechanism of initial reaction under pressure for benzofuroxan energetic materials: Raman spectroscopy and first‐principle calculations
Authors: Peng Yajing , Sun Shuang , Meng Jianing , Liu Yuhui , Song Yunfei , Yang Yanqiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLow‐pressure (below 2 GPa) Raman spectra of benzofuroxan are investigated using a gasketed Mao–Bell‐type sapphire anvil cell and Raman spectrometer to clarify the pressure‐induced structural change and molecular vibration behavior. The first‐principle calculations are performed to compare with the experimental data and to analyze the phase transition and trigger mechanism of initial reaction. Variations of pressure‐induced Raman band width, shift, and intensity are examined. The results show that the benzofuroxan molecule will become nonplanar with increasing pressure. A phase transition occurs because of an abrupt redshift in shift–pressure relationship and reduction of the cell volume, appearing of a new vibration band above 0.13 GPa. Several active vibration modes are found, and the effects of the active mode vibrations on the initial decomposition of benzofuroxan are analyzed using the relaxed scan method for the main change in bond length, bond angle, or dihedral angle to obtain the optimal reaction channel leading to initial decomposition. The results demonstrate that the initial decomposition is the open‐loop reaction in N(O)–O position, which is originated from the increase of dihedral angle O‐C‐N(O)‐O from the out‐of‐plane torsional vibration of furoxan ring (518 cm−1). The scanning energy barrier related to dihedral angle O‐C‐N(O)‐O is about 22.6 kcal/mol, which is consistent with the calculated activation barrier (18.1 kcal/mol) of open‐loop reaction. This proves the reliability of our conclusions.
Efficacy of Absorbable Steroid‐Impregnated Nasal Packing in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhang Michael , Ryan Peter J. , Shashinder Singh 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of absorbable steroid‐impregnated nasal packing on postoperative outcomes following functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).MethodsA systematic review of the literature was conducted as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Twelve databases (including Journals@Ovid, Embase®, Medline®, EBM Reviews and Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database) were searched using relevant keywords and expanded with corresponding MeSH/Emtree terms. Results were narrowed to English articles assessing the efficacy of absorbable packing impregnated with steroids post‐production placed at time of surgery under general anesthetic, with hollow‐lumen devices and devices inserted in‐office excluded.ResultsEight studies met criteria and were included in this review. Five evaluated the efficacy of the intervention in only CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) patients, two included all subtypes of CRS, and one included only CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP). Of the eight studies, four studied the efficacy of Nasopore®, three studied bioabsorbable gels, and one studied bioabsorbable calcium alginate. Four studies applied triamcinolone as the operative steroid, with the other studies utilizing betamethasone, budesonide, mometasone, and dexamethasone. Seven studies demonstrated statistically significant improvements in endoscopic outcomes using validated scoring scales, albeit at differing timepoints. The one study which included only CRSsNP patients failed to find a significant difference.ConclusionSteroid‐impregnated nasal packing appears to have positive effects on postoperative endoscopic outcomes in CRSwNP patients undergoing FESS. Additional research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of these interventions in more recently defined subtypes of CRS, and whether these interventions differ in their efficacy in eosinophilic and non‐eosinophilic CRS. Laryngoscope, 131:1704–1714, 2021