bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The involvement of PybZIPa in light-induced anthocyanin accumulation via the activation of PyUFGT through binding to tandem G-boxes in its promoter
Authors: Liu Hainan , Su Jun , Zhu Yangfan , Yao Gaifang , Allan Andrew C. , Ampomah-Dwamena Charles , Shu Qun , Lin-Wang Kui , Zhang Shaoling , Wu Jun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo gain insight into how anthocyanin biosynthesis is controlled by light in fruit, transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed in the Chinese sand pear cultivar “Mantianhong” (Pyrus pyrifolia) after bagging and bag removal. We investigated transcriptional and metabolic changes and gene-metabolite correlation networks. Correlation tests of anthocyanin content and transcriptional changes revealed that 1,530 transcripts were strongly correlated with 15 anthocyanin derivatives (R2 > 0.9, P-value < 0.05), with the top 130 transcripts categorized as being associated with flavonoid metabolism, transcriptional regulation, and light signaling. The connection network revealed a new photosensitive transcription factor, PybZIPa, that might play an important role during light-induced anthocyanin accumulation. The overexpression of PybZIPa promoted anthocyanin accumulation in pear and strawberry fruit as well as tobacco leaves. Dual luciferase and Y1H assays further verified that PybZIPa directly activated the expression of PyUFGT by binding to tandem G-box motifs in the promoter, which was key to differential anthocyanin accumulation in debagged pear skin, and the number of G-box motifs affected the transcriptional activation of PyUFGT by PybZIPa. The results indicate that the light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis regulatory mechanism in pear differs from that described in previous reports suggesting that a bZIP family member co-regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis with other transcription factors in apple and Arabidopsis. It was found that, in response to light, PybZIPa promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis by regulating important transcription factors (PyMYB114, PyMYB10, and PyBBX22) as well as structural genes (PyUFGT) via binding to G-boxes within promoters. This activation was amplified by the self-binding of PybZIPa to activate its own promoter. Overall, we demonstrate the utility of a multiomics integrative approach for discovering new functional genes and pathways underlying light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis.
Global redox proteome and phosphoproteome analysis reveals redox switch in Akt
Authors: Su Zhiduan , Burchfield James G. , Yang Pengyi , Humphrey Sean J. , Yang Guang , Francis Deanne , Yasmin Sabina , Shin Sung-Young , Norris Dougall M. , Kearney Alison L. , Astore Miro A. , Scavuzzo Jonathan , Fisher-Wellman Kelsey H. , Wang Qiao-Ping , Parker Benjamin L. , Neely G. Gregory , Vafaee Fatemeh , Chiu Joyce , Yeo Reichelle , Hogg Philip J. , Fazakerley Daniel J. , Nguyen Lan K. , Kuyucak Serdar , James David E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProtein oxidation sits at the intersection of multiple signalling pathways, yet the magnitude and extent of crosstalk between oxidation and other post-translational modifications remains unclear. Here, we delineate global changes in adipocyte signalling networks following acute oxidative stress and reveal considerable crosstalk between cysteine oxidation and phosphorylation-based signalling. Oxidation of key regulatory kinases, including Akt, mTOR and AMPK influences the fidelity rather than their absolute activation state, highlighting an unappreciated interplay between these modifications. Mechanistic analysis of the redox regulation of Akt identified two cysteine residues in the pleckstrin homology domain (C60 and C77) to be reversibly oxidized. Oxidation at these sites affected Akt recruitment to the plasma membrane by stabilizing the PIP3binding pocket. Our data provide insights into the interplay between oxidative stress-derived redox signalling and protein phosphorylation networks and serve as a resource for understanding the contribution of cellular oxidation to a range of diseases.
Hierarchical motor control in mammals and machines
Authors: Merel Josh , Botvinick Matthew , Wayne Greg 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAdvances in artificial intelligence are stimulating interest in neuroscience. However, most attention is given to discrete tasks with simple action spaces, such as board games and classic video games. Less discussed in neuroscience are parallel advances in “synthetic motor control”. While motor neuroscience has recently focused on optimization of single, simple movements, AI has progressed to the generation of rich, diverse motor behaviors across multiple tasks, at humanoid scale. It is becoming clear that specific, well-motivated hierarchical design elements repeatedly arise when engineering these flexible control systems. We review these core principles of hierarchical control, relate them to hierarchy in the nervous system, and highlight research themes that we anticipate will be critical in solving challenges at this disciplinary intersection.
General structural features that regulate integrin affinity revealed by atypical αVβ8
Authors: Wang Jianchuan , Su Yang , Iacob Roxana E. , Engen John R. , Springer Timothy A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntegrin αVβ8, which like αVβ6 functions to activate TGF-βs, is atypical. Its β8 subunit binds to a distinctive cytoskeleton adaptor and does not exhibit large changes in conformation upon binding to ligand. Here, crystal structures, hydrogen-deuterium exchange dynamics, and affinity measurements on mutants are used to compare αVβ8 and αVβ6. Lack of a binding site for one of three βI domain divalent cations and a unique β6-α7 loop conformation in β8 facilitate movements of the α1 and α1’ helices at the ligand binding pocket toward the high affinity state, without coupling to β6-α7 loop reshaping and α7-helix pistoning that drive large changes in βI domain-hybrid domain orientation seen in other integrins. Reciprocal swaps between β6 and β8 βI domains increase affinity of αVβ6 and decrease affinity of αVβ8 and define features that regulate affinity of the βI domain and its coupling to the hybrid domain.
Eliminating blood oncogenic exosomes into the small intestine with aptamer-functionalized nanoparticles
Authors: Xie Xiaodong , Nie Huifang , Zhou Yu , Lian Shu , Mei Hao , Lu Yusheng , Dong Haiyan , Li Fengqiao , Li Tao , Li Bifei , Wang Jie , Lin Min , Wang Chaihung , Shao Jingwei , Gao Yu , Chen Jianming , Xie Fangwei , Jia Lee 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere are disease-causing biohazards in the blood that cannot be treated with modern medicines. Here we show that an intelligently designed safe biomaterial can precisely identify, tow and dump a targeted biohazard from the blood into the small intestine. Positively charged mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) functionalized with EGFR-targeting aptamers (MSN-AP) specifically recognize and bind blood-borne negatively charged oncogenic exosomes (A-Exo), and tow A-Exo across hepatobiliary layers and Oddi’s sphincter into the small intestine. MSN-AP specifically distinguish and bind A-Exo from interfering exosomes in cell culture and rat and patient blood to form MSN-AP and A-Exo conjugates (MSN-Exo) that transverse hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and endothelial monolayers via endocytosis and exocytosis mechanisms, although Kupffer cells have been shown to engulf some MSN-Exo. Blood MSN-AP significantly decreased circulating A-Exo levels, sequentially increased intestinal A-Exo and attenuated A-Exo-induced lung metastasis in mice. This study opens an innovative avenue to relocate blood-borne life-threatening biohazards to the intestine.
Contribution of oxic methane production to surface methane emission in lakes and its global importance
Authors: Günthel Marco , Donis Daphne , Kirillin Georgiy , Ionescu Danny , Bizic Mina , McGinnis Daniel F. , Grossart Hans-Peter , Tang Kam W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecent discovery of oxic methane production in sea and lake waters, as well as wetlands, demands re-thinking of the global methane cycle and re-assessment of the contribution of oxic waters to atmospheric methane emission. Here we analysed system-wide sources and sinks of surface-water methane in a temperate lake. Using a mass balance analysis, we show that internal methane production in well-oxygenated surface water is an important source for surface-water methane during the stratified period. Combining our results and literature reports, oxic methane contribution to emission follows a predictive function of littoral sediment area and surface mixed layer volume. The contribution of oxic methane source(s) is predicted to increase with lake size, accounting for the majority (>50%) of surface methane emission for lakes with surface areas >1 km2.
A cancer rainbow mouse for visualizing the functional genomics of oncogenic clonal expansion
Authors: Boone Peter G. , Rochelle Lauren K. , Ginzel Joshua D. , Lubkov Veronica , Roberts Wendy L. , Nicholls P. J. , Bock Cheryl , Flowers Mei Lang , von Furstenberg Richard J. , Stripp Barry R. , Agarwal Pankaj , Borowsky Alexander D. , Cardiff Robert D. , Barak Larry S. , Caron Marc G. , Lyerly H. Kim , Snyder Joshua C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractField cancerization is a premalignant process marked by clones of oncogenic mutations spreading through the epithelium. The timescales of intestinal field cancerization can be variable and the mechanisms driving the rapid spread of oncogenic clones are unknown. Here we use a Cancer rainbow (Crainbow) modelling system for fluorescently barcoding somatic mutations and directly visualizing the clonal expansion and spread of oncogenes. Crainbow shows that mutations of ß-catenin (Ctnnb1) within the intestinal stem cell results in widespread expansion of oncogenes during perinatal development but not in adults. In contrast, mutations that extrinsically disrupt the stem cell microenvironment can spread in adult intestine without delay. We observe the rapid spread of premalignant clones in Crainbow mice expressing oncogenic Rspondin-3 (RSPO3), which occurs by increasing crypt fission and inhibiting crypt fixation. Crainbow modelling provides insight into how somatic mutations rapidly spread and a plausible mechanism for predetermining the intratumor heterogeneity found in colon cancers.
Persistence of spin memory in a crystalline, insulating phase-change material
Authors: Reindl Johannes , Volker Hanno , Breznay Nicholas P. , Wuttig Matthias 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe description of disorder-induced electron localization by Anderson over 60 years ago began a quest for novel phenomena emerging from electronic interactions in the presence of disorder. Even today, the interplay of interactions and disorder remains incompletely understood. This holds in particular for strongly disordered materials where charge transport depends on ‘hopping’ between localized sites. Here we report an unexpected spin sensitivity of the electrical conductivity at the transition from diffusive to hopping conduction in a material that combines strong spin-orbit coupling and weak inter-electronic interactions. In thin films of the disordered crystalline phase change material SnSb2Te4, a distinct change in electrical conductance with applied magnetic field is observed at low temperatures. This magnetoconductance changes sign and becomes anisotropic at the disorder-driven crossover from strongly localized (hopping) to weakly localized (diffusive) electron motion. The positive and isotropic magnetoconductance arises from disruption of spin correlations that inhibit hopping transport. This experimental observation of a recently hypothesized ‘spin memory’ demonstrates the spin plays a previously overlooked role in the disorder-driven transition between weak and strong localization in materials with strong spin–orbit interactions.
Genetic and epigenetic alterations induced by bisphenol A exposure during different periods of spermatogenesis: from spermatozoa to the progeny
Authors: Lombó Marta , Fernández-Díez Cristina , González-Rojo Silvia , Herráez María Paz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been related to male reproductive disorders. Since this endocrine disruptor also displays genotoxic and epigenotoxic effects, it likely alters the spermatogenesis, a process in which both hormones and chromatin remodeling play crucial roles. The hypothesis of this work is that BPA impairs early embryo development by modifying the spermatic genetic and epigenetic information. Zebrafish males were exposed to 100 and 2000 μg/L BPA during early spermatogenesis and during the whole process. Genotoxic and epigenotoxic effects on spermatozoa (comet assay and immunocytochemistry) as well as progeny development (mortality, DNA repairing activity, apoptosis and epigenetic profile) were evaluated. Exposure to 100 µg/L BPA during mitosis slightly increased sperm chromatin fragmentation, enhancing DNA repairing activity in embryos. The rest of treatments promoted high levels of sperm DNA damage, triggering apoptosis in early embryo and severely impairing survival. Regarding epigenetics, histone acetylation (H3K9Ac and H3K27Ac) was similarly enhanced in spermatozoa and embryos from males exposed to all the treatments. Therefore, BPA male exposure jeopardizes embryonic survival and development due to the transmission of a paternal damaged genome and of a hyper-acetylated histone profile, both alterations depending on the dose of the toxicant and the temporal window of exposure.
Independently tunable electromagnetically induced transparency effect and dispersion in a multi-band terahertz metamaterial
Authors: Sarkar Rakesh , Ghindani Dipa , Devi Koijam Monika , Prabhu S. S. , Ahmad Amir , Kumar Gagan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this article, we experimentally and numerically investigate a planar terahertz metamaterial (MM) geometry capable of exhibiting independently tunable multi-band electromagnetically induced transparency effect (EIT). The MM structure exhibits multi-band EIT effect due to the strong near field coupling between the bright mode of the cut-wire (CW) and dark modes of pair of asymmetric double C resonators (DCRs). The configuration allows us to independently tune the transparency windows which is challenging task in multiband EIT effect. The independent modulation is achieved by displacing one DCR with respect to the CW, while keeping the other asymmetric DCR fixed. We further examine steep dispersive behavior of the transmission spectra within the transparency windows and analyze slow light properties. A coupled harmonic oscillator based theoretical model is employed to elucidate as well as understand the experimental and numerical observations. The study can be highly significant in the development of multi-band slow light devices, buffers and modulators.
The selective GSK3 inhibitor, SAR502250, displays neuroprotective activity and attenuates behavioral impairments in models of neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease in rodents
Authors: Griebel Guy , Stemmelin Jeanne , Lopez-Grancha Mati , Boulay Denis , Boquet Gerald , Slowinski Franck , Pichat Philippe , Beeské Sandra , Tanaka Shinji , Mori Akiko , Fujimura Masatake , Eguchi Junichi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGlycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) has been identified as a promising target for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where abnormal activation of this enzyme has been associated with hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins. This study describes the effects of the selective GSK3 inhibitor, SAR502250, in models of neuroprotection and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) associated with AD. In P301L human tau transgenic mice, SAR502250 attenuated tau hyperphosphorylation in the cortex and spinal cord. SAR502250 prevented the increase in neuronal cell death in rat embryonic hippocampal neurons following application of the neurotoxic peptide, Aβ25–35. In behavioral studies, SAR502250 improved the cognitive deficit in aged transgenic APP(SW)/Tau(VLW) mice or in adult mice after infusion of Aβ25–35. It attenuated aggression in the mouse defense test battery and improved depressive-like state of mice in the chronic mild stress procedure after 4 weeks of treatment. Moreover, SAR502250 decreased hyperactivity produced by psychostimulants. In contrast, the drug failed to modify anxiety-related behaviors or sensorimotor gating deficit. This profile confirms the neuroprotective effects of GSK3 inhibitors and suggests an additional potential in the treatment of some NPS associated with AD.
Thermally Triggered Vanishing Bulk Polyoxymethylene for Transient Electronics
Authors: Liu Dongqing , Zhang Songhe , Cheng Haifeng , Peng Renfu , Luo Zhijian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTransient materials capable of disappearing rapidly and completely are critical for transient electronics. End-capped polyoxymethylene (POM) has excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. However, research concerning the inherent thermal instability of POM without end-capping to obtain transient rather than stable materials, has never been reported. Here, POM without end-capping is proposed as a novel thermally triggered transient solid material that can vanish rapidly by undergoing conversion to a volatile gas, and a chemical vapor deposition method is developed to obtain a smooth POM substrate from the synthesized POM powder. Experimental and theoretical analysis was employed to reveal the mechanism whereby the POM substrate formed and vanished. A Cr/Au/SiO2/Cu memristor device, which was successfully deposited on the POM substrate by physical vapor deposition, exhibits bipolar resistive switching, suggesting that the POM substrate is suitable for use in electrical devices. Thermal triggering causes the POM substrate to vanish as the memristor disintegrates, confirming excellent transient performance. The deposited bulk POM material can completely vanish by thermally triggered depolymerization, and is suitable for physically transient substrates and packaging materials, demonstrating great prospects for application in transient electronics for information security.
Methyl jasmonate promote protostane triterpenes accumulation by up-regulating the expression of squalene epoxidases in Alisma orientale
Authors: Tian Rong , Gu Wei , Gu Yuchen , Geng Chao , Xu Fei , Wu Qinan , Chao Jianguo , Xue Wenda , Zhou Chen , Wang Fan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProtostane triterpenes, which are found in Alisma orientale, are tetracyclic triterpenes with distinctive pharmacological activities. The natural distribution of protostane triterpenes is limited mainly to members of the botanical family Alismataceae. Squalene epoxidase (SE) is the key rate-limiting enzyme in triterpene biosynthesis. In this study, we report the characterization of two SEs from A. orientale. AoSE1 and AoSE2 were expressed as fusion proteins in E. coli, and the purified proteins were used in functional research. In vitro enzyme assays showed that AoSE1 and AoSE2 catalyze the formation of oxidosqualene from squalene. Immunoassays revealed that the tubers contain the highest levels of AoSE1 and AoSE2. After MeJA induction, which is the main elicitor of triterpene biosynthesis, the contents of 2,3-oxidosqualene and alisol B 23-acetate increased by 1.96- and 2.53-fold, respectively. In addition, the expression of both AoSE proteins was significantly increased at four days after MeJA treatment. The contents of 2,3-oxidosqualene and alisol B 23-acetate were also positively correlated with AoSEs expression at different times after MeJA treatment. These results suggest that AoSE1 and AoSE2 are the key regulatory points in protostane triterpenes biosynthesis, and that MeJA regulates the biosynthesis of these compounds by increasing the expression of AoSE1 and AoSE2.
Telomerase increasing compound protects hippocampal neurons from amyloid beta toxicity by enhancing the expression of neurotrophins and plasticity related genes
Authors: Baruch-Eliyahu Natalie , Rud Vladislav , Braiman Alex , Priel Esther 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe telomerase reverse transcriptase protein, TERT, is expressed in the adult brain and its exogenic expression protects neurons from oxidative stress and from the cytotoxicity of amyloid beta (Aβ). We previously showed that telomerase increasing compounds (AGS) protected neurons from oxidative stress. Therefore, we suggest that increasing TERT by AGS may protect neurons from the Aβ-induced neurotoxicity by influencing genes and factors that participate in neuronal survival and plasticity. Here we used a primary hippocampal cell culture exposed to aggregated Aβ and hippocampi from adult mice. AGS treatment transiently increased TERT gene expression in hippocampal primary cell cultures in the presence or absence of Aβ and protected neurons from Aβ induced neuronal degradation. An increase in the expression of Growth associated protein 43 (GAP43), and Feminizing locus on X-3 genes (NeuN), in the presence or absence of Aβ, and Synaptophysin (SYP) in the presence of Aβ was observed. GAP43, NeuN, SYP, Neurotrophic factors (NGF, BDNF), beta-catenin and cyclin-D1 expression were increased in the hippocampus of AGS treated mice. This data suggests that increasing TERT by pharmaceutical compounds partially exerts its neuroprotective effect by enhancing the expression of neurotrophic factors and neuronal plasticity genes in a mechanism that involved Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.
Non-proliferative neurogenesis in human periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Bueno Carlos , Martínez-Morga Marta , Martínez Salvador 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the sequence of events from undifferentiated stem cells to neuron is not only important for the basic knowledge of stem cell biology, but also for therapeutic applications. In this study we examined the sequence of biological events during neural differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Here, we show that hPDLSCs-derived neural-like cells display a sequence of morphologic development highly similar to those reported before in primary neuronal cultures derived from rodent brains. We observed that cell proliferation is not present through neurogenesis from hPDLSCs. Futhermore, we may have discovered micronuclei movement and transient cell nuclei lobulation coincident to in vitro neurogenesis. Morphological analysis also reveals that neurogenic niches in the adult mouse brain contain cells with nuclear shapes highly similar to those observed during in vitro neurogenesis from hPDLSCs. Our results provide additional evidence that it is possible to differentiate hPDLSCs to neuron-like cells and suggest the possibility that the sequence of events from stem cell to neuron does not necessarily requires cell division from stem cell.