bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal studies of steadily loaded surface‐textured noncircular journal bearing profiles to investigate the performance characteristics
Authors: Bhasker B. , Seetharamaiah N. , Ramesh Babu P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present research study is carried out to study the performance characteristics of two noncircular journal bearing profiles. Experiments are conducted on a phosphorous bronze hydrodynamic journal bearing test rig to measure the circumferential oil film pressure as well as on the temperature profile at different radial loads and constant rotational speeds to measure bearing performance characteristics, such as oil flow rate, maximum temperature, and pressure. Results reported that noncircular bearings can withstand higher load and minimum power losses than circular bearings. Also, with an increase in the radial load, the oil film pressure and temperature also increased. However, a reduction in negative pressure gradient is reported along the circumference of the lobe resulting in lesser thermal degradation in comparison with the cylindrical bearing.
Influence of transverse vibrations on convective heat transfer in parallel flow tube‐in‐tube heat exchanger
Authors: Arasavelli Shanmukh Sudhir , Konijeti Ramakrishna , Budda Govinda Rao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTube‐in‐tube heat exchangers are widely used in food processing industries and wastewater treatment for both heating and cooling. Enhancement techniques namely active, passive, and compound are developed to reduce the thermal resistance in heat exchangers by improving convective heat transfer with or without increase in surface area. The present experimental study is aimed at analyzing the influence of vibrations on the convective heat transfer of a parallel flow tube‐in‐tube heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is placed in horizontal position and is subjected to transverse vibrations under turbulent fluid flow conditions. Experiments were performed at four frequencies (20, 40, 60, and 100 Hz), three amplitudes (1, 2, and 3 m/s2), and three vibration generator positions along its length, in the Reynolds number range of 10 710 to 21 420. An enhancement in Nusselt number is found with vibration than without vibration throughout the entire range of Reynolds numbers. A maximum enhancement of 33% at 40 Hz frequency, 3 m/s2 amplitude, and vibration generator position at three‐fourth of the tube length was observed. Empirical correlations are developed for Nusselt number to determine the heat transfer coefficient with vibration with an error of 10%.
Genetic algorithm‐assisted artificial neural network for retrieval of a parameter in a third grade fluid flow through two parallel and heated plates
Authors: Mishra Vijay K. , Chaudhuri Sumanta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGenetic algorithm (GA) has been used to determine important attributes of artificial neural network (ANN), such as number of neurons in different hidden layers and division of data for training, validation, and testing. The GA‐assisted ANN (GAAANN) model was used to retrieve third grade fluid (TGF) parameter (A) in a TGF flow problem. The TGF was allowed to flow through two parallel plates, which were subjected to uniform heat flux. The least square method (LSM) was used to solve the governing equations, for specified boundary conditions. In this way, temperature profiles for different values of A were computed by LSM, constituting the direct part of the problem. In the inverse part, the GAAANN model was fed with a temperature profile as input and the corresponding value of A was obtained as output. Four different GAAANN model were developed, and a detailed analysis was done in retrieving the value of A by different GAAANN models. Two very important and commonly used algorithms: Levenberg‐Marquardt (LM) and scaled conjugate gradient are explored for training of the neurons. The entire four GAAANN model were able to retrieve the value of A with different levels of accuracy.
Unfinished business: Terminated cancer trials and the relevance of treatment intent, sponsors and intervention types
Authors: Buergy Daniel , Riedel Julian , Sarria Gustavo R. , Ehmann Michael , Scafa Davide , Grilli Maurizio , Wenz Frederik , Hofheinz Ralf D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to report on the association of trial sponsors with intervention type, treatment intent, recruitment success and reasons to terminate cancer trials. The ClinicalTrials database was searched for interventional Phase 3 cancer trials (01/2006‐05/2017). Noncancer studies and ongoing studies were excluded, permanently suspended studies were counted as terminated. Trials were stratified according to sponsors (industry/nonindustry), intervention type, setting (curative/palliative) and intent of intervention (curative/symptom‐control/life‐extending). We identified 345 terminated trials and 1137 completed studies as a control group. The frequency of premature termination did not differ significantly between sponsors. Time to termination was shorter but recruitment per month prior to termination was higher in industry‐sponsored studies (7.0 vs 2.2 patients/month; P < .001). Drug interventions were more common in industry‐sponsored, all other interventions in nonindustry‐sponsored settings (P < .001). Life‐extending palliative interventions occurred more frequently, symptom‐control interventions in a curative setting less frequently in industry‐sponsored trials (both P < .001). Intervention, setting and intent were not associated with termination in industry‐sponsored trials. In nonindustry‐sponsored trials, the frequency of drug interventions and life‐extending (noncurative) interventions were increased in terminated trials (both P < .05); symptom‐control interventions in curative settings occurred more frequently in completed studies. Industry‐sponsored trials were more often terminated due to toxicity/inefficacy while lack of accrual occurred more frequently in nonindustry‐sponsored trials (P < .01). Interventions, treatment setting/intent and reasons for termination differed between sponsor types. In nonindustry‐sponsored trials, drug interventions and life‐extending (noncurative) interventions were associated with premature termination and symptom‐control interventions (curative setting) were associated with trial completion.
Rapid and label‐free identification of different cancer types based on surface‐enhanced Raman scattering profiles and multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Fang Yaping , Lin Taifeng , Zheng Dawei , Zhu Yongwei , Wang Limin , Fu Yingying , Wang Huiqin , Wu Xihao , Zhang Ping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRapid detection and classification of cancer cells with label‐free and non‐destructive methods are helpful for rapid screening of cancer patients in clinical settings. Here, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was used for rapid, unlabeled, and non‐destructive detection of seven different cell types, including human cancer cells and non‐tumorous cells. Au nanoparticles were used as enhanced substrates and directly added to cell surfaces. The single cellular SERS signals could be easily and stably collected in several minutes, and the cells maintained structural integrity over one hour. Different types of cells had unique Raman phenotypes. By applying multivariate statistical analysis to the Raman phenotypes, the cancer cells and non‐tumorous cells were accurately identified. The high sensitivity enabled this method to discriminate subtle molecular changes in different cell types, and the accuracy reached 81.2% with principal components analysis and linear discriminant analysis. The technique provided a rapid, unlabeled, and non‐destructive method for the detection and identification of various cancer types.
Assessment of serum phenylalanine and tyrosine isomers in patients with ST‐segment elevation vs non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Al‐Sadoon Ied , Wittmann István , Kun Szilard , Ahmann Mercédesz , Konyi Attila , Verzár Zsófia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnder conditions of oxidative stress, hydroxyl radicals can oxidize phenylalanine (Phe) into various tyrosine (Tyr) isomers (meta‐, ortho‐, and para‐tyrosine; m‐, o‐, and p‐Tyr), depending on the location of the hydroxyl group on the oxidized benzyl ring. This study aimed to compare patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non‐STEMI (NSTEMI) and the serum levels of Phe and Tyr isomers at the aortic root and distal to the culprit lesion in both groups.MethodsForty‐four patients participated in the study: 23 with STEMI and 21 with NSTEMI. Arterial blood samples were taken from the aortic root through a guiding catheter and from the culprit vessel segment distal from the primary lesion with an aspiration catheter, during the percutaneous coronary intervention. Serum levels of Phe, p‐Tyr, m‐Tyr, and o‐Tyr were determined using reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography.ResultsSerum levels of Phe were significantly higher distal to the culprit lesion compared to the aortic root in patients with STEMI. Serum p‐Tyr/Phe and m‐Tyr/Phe concentration ratios were both lower distal to the culprit lesion than at the aortic root in patients with STEMI. There were no statistically significant differences with respect to changes in serum Phe and Tyr isomers distal to the culprit lesion compared to the aortic root in patients with NSTEMI.ConclusionOur data suggest that changes in serum levels of different Tyr isomers can mediate the effects of oxidative stress during myocardial infarction.
On the maximum number of maximum independent sets in connected graphs
Authors: Mohr Elena , Rautenbach Dieter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe characterize the connected graphs of given order and given independence number that maximize the number of maximum independent sets. For , there is a unique such graph that arises from the disjoint union of cliques of orders and , which is the complement of a Turán graph, by selecting a vertex in a largest clique and adding an edge between and a vertex in each of the remaining cliques. Our result confirms a conjecture of Derikvand and Oboudi.
Decoupling of Gray and White Matter Functional Networks in Medication‐Naïve Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Zhao Youjin , Zhang Feifei , Zhang Wenjing , Chen Lizhou , Chen Ziqi , Lui Su , Gong Qiyong 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) has been increasingly conceptualized as a disconnection syndrome. However, most studies have only focused on functional connectivity (FC) alterations in gray matter (GM), and the functional alterations in white matter (WM) remain largely unknown in MDD.PurposeTo investigate WM functional alterations and the functional interaction between GM and WM networks in medication‐naïve MDD.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsSixty‐eight patients with MDD and 66 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HCs).Field Strength/SequenceResting state‐functional MRI (fMRI) using a gradient‐echo imaging sequence and T1‐weighted images were acquired at 3.0T.AssessmentFunctional GM and WM networks, based on resting‐state blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signals, were identified by the K‐means clustering algorithm, and FC matrices were obtained for each subject.Statistical TestsTwo‐sample t‐tests, Pearson chi‐square test, and Pearson correlation analysis.ResultsBoth the GM and WM of the visual network (GM1 and WM11) showed reduced FC with the sensorimotor network (WM5 and GM8), lateral temporal network (GM5 and WM6), cingulo‐opercular network (GM9), and dorsal attention network (GM7) in MDD patients compared to controls (P < 0.05, false discovery rate [FDR]‐corrected). Reduced FC between the anterior cingulum network (WM3) and the lateral temporal network (GM5 and WM6) and temporal pole network (GM13) and between GM13 and the medial temporal network (GM4) and medial prefrontal‐subcortical network (GM10) were also observed in MDD patients (P < 0.05, FDR‐corrected). In addition, the WM BOLD signal in the sensorimotor network was negatively correlated with illness duration (r = –0.286, P = 0.018).Data ConclusionDisconnectivity between the GM and WM networks in the perception‐motor system may be the foundation of extensively disrupted connections in MDD. Furthermore, the observed decoupling between subsystems of the default mode network may help explain previous findings of persistent negative rumination and theory of mind deficits in depression.Level of Evidence3.Technical EfficacyStage 3.
Evaluation of multiple indices of the South American monsoon
Authors: Correa Isabel C. , Arias Paola A. , Rojas Maisa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article, multiple methods for estimating the onset and demise of the South American Monsoon System (SAMS) are evaluated during the period 1979–2018. The results obtained from indices based on precipitation, outgoing longwave radiation and combined empirical orthogonal functions (LISAM) show a delay in the SAMS onset while the demise dates do not show marked changes during the considered period. The latter indicates that the observed shortening of the SAMS (and the consistent lengthening of the southern Amazon dry season) mainly depend on variations at the onset stage of the SAMS, as identified in previous studies based on different databases and methodologies. This result is independent on the observational dataset considered. This allows resolving previously inconsistent results on the shortening of the SAMS. Furthermore, the climatological patterns of precipitation and atmospheric circulation at surface and upper levels associated with SAMS are best represented by the precipitation‐based index; however, all indices exhibit general difficulties in representing the evolution of the atmospheric circulation at 200 hPa. Finally, our analyses suggest that including northeastern (NE) Brazil in the domain considered to characterize the SAMS tends to alter the estimates of SAMS timing, primarily its onset. In particular, the trend towards late onsets of the SAMS is evidenced by all indices over spatial domains that do not include NE Brazil, while this trend is considerably weakened or not significant when this area is included. This denotes a strong sensitivity of the different indices to the spatial domain considered for SAMS characterization.
Micromechanical Behavior of TPMS Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Castro André P. G. , Santos Jorge , Pires Tiago , Fernandes Paulo R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) methodology is explored to design porosity and curvature‐controlled tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds. This work combines mechanical testing and finite element (FE) simulation to characterize TPMS scaffolds micromechanical behavior, i.e., to estimate the response at the cell level to the macromechanical properties of different geometries (Schwartz D, Gyroid, and Schwartz P, with 60%, 70%, and 80% porosity, identified from SD60 to SP80) and testing conditions (6%, 8%, and 10% ramp compression, during 10, 20, and 30 s). Mechanical tests with ten 3D printed samples per model obtain Young Modulus levels from 0.048 GPa (SD80) to 0.267 GPa (SD60) and yield stresses from 0.495 MPa (SP80) to 5.226 MPa (SD60), being these associated with trabecular bone. FE simulations identify strain rate as the major influencer for cell response, as the probabilities for bone formation increase from 23.18% (SD) to 29.81% (SP) when increasing the compression period from 10 to 30 s. Additionally, compression beyond 6% causes excessive rates of cell death. SD and SG models have more consistent cell adhesion paths than SP ones, but superior stiffness of SD scaffolds induces higher cell death probabilities. Thus, SG scaffolds would be a better choice for most TE applications.
Cancer biology functional genomics: From small RNAs to big dreams
Authors: Sundara Rajan Soumya , Ludwig Katelyn R. , Hall Katherine L. , Jones Tamara L. , Caplen Natasha J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe year 2021 marks the 20th anniversary of the first publications reporting the discovery of the gene silencing mechanism, RNA interference (RNAi) in mammalian cells. Along with the many studies that delineated the proteins and substrates that form the RNAi pathway, this finding changed our understanding of the posttranscriptional regulation of mammalian gene expression. Furthermore, the development of methods that exploited the RNAi pathway began the technological revolution that eventually enabled the interrogation of mammalian gene function—from a single gene to the whole genome—in only a few days. The needs of the cancer research community have driven much of this progress. In this perspective, we highlight milestones in the development and application of RNAi‐based methods to study carcinogenesis. We discuss how RNAi‐based functional genetic analysis of exemplar tumor suppressors and oncogenes furthered our understanding of cancer initiation and progression and explore how such studies formed the basis of genome‐wide scale efforts to identify cancer or cancer‐type specific vulnerabilities, including studies conducted in vivo. Furthermore, we examine how RNAi technologies have revealed new cancer‐relevant molecular targets and the implications for cancer of the first RNAi‐based drugs. Finally, we discuss the future of functional genetic analysis, highlighting the increasing availability of complementary approaches to analyze cancer gene function.
A follow‐up study of a Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type II caused by a truncating mutation of MITF gene
Authors: Yang Shuzhi , Wang Cuicui , Zhou Chengyong , Kang DongYang , Zhang Xin , Yuan Huijun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWaardenburg syndrome (WS) is a highly clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease. The core disease phenotypes of WS are sensorineuronal hearing loss and pigmentary disturbance, which are usually caused by the absence of neural crest cell‐derived melanocytes. At present, four subtypes of WS have been defined, which are caused by seven genes. Waardenburg syndrome type 2 (WS2) is one of the most common forms. Two genes, MITF and SOX10, have been found to be responsible for majority of WS2.MethodsIn this study, we performed a clinical longitudinal follow‐up and mutation screening for a Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type II.ResultsA diversity of clinical manifestations was observed in this WS2 family. In addition to the congenital hearing loss of most affected family members, progressive hearing loss was also found in some WS2 patients. A nonsense mutation of c.328C>T (p.R110X) in MITF was identified in all affected family members. This mutation results in a truncated MITF protein, which is considered to be a disease‐causing mutation.ConclusionThese findings offer a better understanding of the spectrum of MITF mutations and highlight the necessity of continuous hearing assessment in WS patients.
Psychometric longitudinal evaluation of the Chronic Acquired Polyneuropathy Patient‐Reported Index (CAPPRI) in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Sadjadi Reza , Peric Stojan , Gwathmey Kelly , Bozovic Ivo , Aleksa Palibrk , Bjelica Bogdan , Burns Ted , Basta Ivana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe studied the performance of a 15‐item, health‐related quality‐of‐life polyneuropathy scale in a longitudinal study of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).MethodsSixty‐one patients with CIDP completed the Chronic Acquired Polyneuropathy Patient‐Reported Index (CAPPRI) scale and Patient Impression of Change (PIC) at baseline and follow‐up visits. Clinicians completed Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) disability scores at baseline and follow‐up visits. Conventional and modern psychometric analyses were performed on the completed forms.ResultsCAPPRI was psychometrically stable between visits without significant difference in response pattern between visits 1 and 2 (paired t‐test P = .72). There was strong correlation between changes in INCAT and changes in CAPPRI scores between two visits (rho = 0.6, P < .001). In addition, we showed robust CAPPRI effect sizes between PIC categories.ConclusionsWe demonstrated psychometric stability and construct longitudinal validity of CAPPRI.
On n‐dimensional quadratic B‐splines
Authors: Raslan K. R. , Ali Khalid K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present new constructions of the n‐dimensional quadratic B‐splines method. The quadratic B‐splines method format is displayed in a single, two, and three‐dimensional format. These constructions are of utmost importance in solving differential equations in their various dimensions, which have applications in many fields of science. Some numerical examples are also presented, through which we can show the accuracy of this construction by giving some comparisons of our results using this new construction and between the results in other works. Some figures also give in this paper for the solutions.
To Transplant or Not to Transplant During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic? That Is the Question
Authors: Marino Dario , Finotto Silvia , Basso Umberto , Galiano Antonella , Bolshinsky Maital , Amato Ottavia , Marson Piero , Tison Tiziana , Colpo Anna , Zagonel Vittorina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 has grown to be a global public health emergency. The rapid spread of the infection has raised many questions in the oncohematological scientific community regarding the appropriateness of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). We here report two cases of patients who received ASCT at our Institute during the epidemic in Italy, affected with Hodgkin lymphoma and germ cell tumor, respectively. The two patients underwent a nasopharyngeal swab for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on hospital admittance and during the period of bone marrow aplasia. They were attended to exclusively by dedicated health care staff who followed specifically implemented protocols for bedside nursing and care. They completed the procedure without unexpected side effect. Our experience demonstrates how ASCT can be performed safely if procedures are reorganized ad hoc to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.