bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract PO-150: Epidemiology of endometrial cancer as a second primary malignancy in Florida
Authors: Medina Heidy N. , Schlumbrecht Matthew P. , Pinheiro Paulo S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: According to cancer registry data, nearly 20% of Endometrial Cancer (EC) cases in the US are second or higher-order primary cancers. Little is known in regard to the epidemiology of EC as a Second Primary (ECSP) cancer. Purpose: To compare ECSPs and EC as a first primary in relation to histological types and cause- specific survival; examine survival of ECSP according to original primary site, and treatment received for the first primary. Methods: All cases of EC diagnosed from 2005-2016 were obtained from the Florida Cancer Data System. Chi-square tests, Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox Regression were used in the analysis. Results: Of 9,002 initial ECSPs, 73% were not “clinically independent”, i.e. without treatment distinctions between first and second cancers. These included ECSPs of different histologies from a first EC, and ECSPs following ovarian and cervical cancers (&lt;1 year). After excluding these, there were 2,401 ECSPs and 37,128 ECs as a first primary; 1,260 ECSPs followed breast cancer (BC), 299 followed colorectal cancer (CRC), and other sites(n=842). The 5-year, age-standardized cause-specific survival was 72.2% (95%CI: 71.8-72.7) for first ECs and 60.7% for ECSPs (95%CI: 58.5-63.0).
However, after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, histology, and stage there was no significant difference between ECSP and first EC (HR 0.92, 95%CI: 0.83-1.03). Post- colorectal ECSPs had lower 5-year survival (55.3%, 95%CI: 48.9-61.7) than post- breast cancer ECSPs (64.8%, 95%CI: 61.8-67.9), and significantly higher risk of EC- specific death (HR 1.78, 95%CI:1.23-2.58) in multivariable analysis. Lastly, women who had chemotherapy for both ECSP and a preceding BC did not have a higher EC- specific risk of death (HR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.46-1.36) compared to those who only received chemotherapy for EC as a first primary. Conclusions: ECSP survival is similar to that of EC as a first primary. However, ECs post-CRC may constitute a population of interest with much worse survival than those post-BC. There was no information to separately assess Lynch syndrome cases or those receiving tamoxifen as part of BC treatment. Lastly, chemotherapy for a previous BC does not seem to affect the effectiveness of chemotherapy for ECSPs. Further research is needed in the epidemiology of second cancers.
Citation Format: Heidy N. Medina, Matthew P. Schlumbrecht, Paulo S. Pinheiro. Epidemiology of endometrial cancer as a second primary malignancy in Florida [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-150.
Abstract PO-160: Association between variants in acinar-to-ductal metaplasia genes and pancreatic cancer incidence in racially diverse populations
Authors: Bogumil David , Schmittgen Thomas , Perkins Corey , Lee Eun-Sook , Stern Mariana , Carpten John , Setiawan Veronica Wendy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with increasing incidence and mortality. Racial/ethnic disparities in incidence have been observed in the United States with African Americans exhibited the highest incidence. In the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC), we found elevated risk among African Americans, Japanese Americans and Native Hawaiians. Acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) is considered the main origin of pancreatic pre-neoplastic lesions that eventually develop into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In our preliminary in-vitro study, we found differences in the rate of ADM across racial/ethnic groups with Blacks undergoing ADM greater than whites followed by Hispanics. We hypothesize that genetic variants in genes involved in the ADM process are associated with PDAC risk. Methods: We examined the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in KRT19, PTF1A and SOX9 with risk of PDAC in two prospective cohorts: the MEC and the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS). Nested case-control samples with 691 incident PDAC cases and 13,778 controls from African-American, Japanese- American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and white participants were included in this analysis. SNP and PDAC associations were examined using logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, study, body mass index, diabetes, and population stratification using principal components. Results: In racial/ethnic groups combined, no association was observed between SNPs in KRT19, PTF1A and SOX9 and PDAC risk.
However, in ethnic-stratified analyses, we found significant associations between PTF1A and PDAC in whites; rs1886763 (G/A) OR=1.72 (95% CI: 1.22, 2.42). We also found significant associations between 7 SNPs in KRT19 and PDAC among Japanese Americans. All these 7 SNPs were in high linkage disequilibrium, with the strongest of these associations was observed for rs56051972 (G/C) OR=1.77 (95% CI 1.17, 2.66).
Conclusions: In this racially diverse populations, we found associations between key ADM genes and PDAC risk in certain racial/ethnic groups. Our findings suggest potential role of ADM in influencing PDAC risk.
Citation Format: David Bogumil, Thomas Schmittgen, Corey Perkins, Eun-Sook Lee, Mariana Stern, John Carpten, Veronica Wendy Setiawan. Association between variants in acinar-to-ductal metaplasia genes and pancreatic cancer incidence in racially diverse populations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-160.
Abstract PO-162: Helicobacter pylori in Native Americans in Northern Arizona
Authors: Monroy Fernando P. , Brown Heidi E. , Sanderson Priscilla , Jarrin Gregory , Mbegbu Mimi , Kyman Shari , Chief Camenlita , Harris Robin B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background. Helicobacter pylori, one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide. Chronic infections are associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. While H. pylori infections and gastric cancer are going down in the US, certain populations continue to experience high H. pylori prevalence of infection and a significant burden from stomach cancer. For example, in Arizona H. pylori prevalence of infection among the Navajo is 60% and gastric cancer is 3-4 times higher that of the white population. Objective: The aim of this work was to survey the presence of virulence factors (cagA and vacA) in H. pylori in the Navajo reservation and their association with gastric disease. Methods: The presence of the virulence genes, cagA and vacA in H. pylori was investigated in gastric biopsies from 97 patients attending the gastroenterology clinic in Winslow, AZ. Biopsies were collected from the antrum and fundus and used for histological examination and for molecular characterization. Molecular characterization was performed by looking at type and number of EPIYA motifs in cagA and presence of different alleles in the signal (s) and medium (m) regions of the vacA gene. Results: The infection rate in the biopsy samples was 22.9%. The cagA gene amplified in 76.9% of the cases and analysis of the 3′ region of cagA showed the predominant presence of the “Western CagA” type with the EPIYA-ABC motif (70.0%) the most prevalent. The vacA allele s1bm1 was the most prevalent (76.9%) followed by s2m2 (11.5%). CagA negative isolates were associated with gastritis or normal findings while EPIYA motifs ABCC were present in severe gastric disease. vacA s2m2 were associated with normal findings. Conclusions: In this population, we have found H. pylori genotypes with predominant cagA Western-type and ABC EPIYA motifs. The vacA s1m1 genotype was the most prevalent and seemed to be associated with gastritis. American Indian/Native American populations are at higher risk for gastric cancer than the general US population. It is important to better establish and quantify genotypes of H. pylori to identify bacterial factors involved in the high prevalence of H. pylori and associated disease among the Navajo population.
Citation Format: Fernando P. Monroy, Heidi E. Brown, Priscilla Sanderson, Gregory Jarrin, Mimi Mbegbu, Shari Kyman, Camenlita Chief, Robin B. Harris. Helicobacter pylori in Native Americans in Northern Arizona [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-162.
Abstract PO-166: The effects of neighborhood ethnic density and psychosocial factors on colorectal cancer screening behavior among Asian American adults
Authors: Bhimla Aisha , Yeh Ming-Chin , Mann-Barnes Tyrell , Do Phuong , Kim Chul , Park Hemi , Ma Grace X. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction: This study examined how neighborhood ethnic composition influences colorectal cancer (CRC) screening behavior in Asian Americans and explored whether the associations between psychosocial predictors including knowledge, self-efficacy, and barriers with CRC screening behavior varied by the level of neighborhood ethnic composition. Methods: A total of 1,057 Filipino, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans aged 50 and older were included in the study. Psychosocial factors associated with CRC screening, CRC screening behavior, and socio-demographics were extracted from participants’ survey data. Neighborhood ethnic composition was characterized as the census-tract level percentage of Asian residents. Participant’s addresses were geocoded to the census tract level to determine whether they resided in an ethnically dense neighborhood. Results: The mixed-effects logistic regression model 1 illustrated that residing in an ethnically dense neighborhood was associated with lower odds of CRC screening (OR=0.65, 95% CI=0.49, 0.77; p=0.019) after controlling for age, gender, education, and ethnic group. Furthermore, greater perceived barriers to CRC screening (OR= 0.62; 95% CI=0.55, 0.90; p&lt;0.001) resulted in a lower odds of obtaining a CRC screening, while higher self-efficacy (OR=1.17, 95% CI=1.11, 1.23, p&lt;0.001) was associated with greater odds of CRC screening. In model 2, among those residing in a high ethnically dense neighborhood, greater barriers to screening was associated with lower odds of having obtained a CRC screening (OR=0.51; 95% CI=0.28, 0.93; p=0.028). Conclusion: The study findings revealed that residing in an ethnically dense neighborhood led to a lower likelihood of having obtained a CRC screening. Future studies should examine disparities in built environment, socioeconomic, and cultural factors that are characteristic of ethnically dense neighborhoods and their impact on CRC screening participation.
Citation Format: Aisha Bhimla, Ming-Chin Yeh, Tyrell Mann-Barnes, Phuong Do, Chul Kim, Hemi Park, Grace X. Ma. The effects of neighborhood ethnic density and psychosocial factors on colorectal cancer screening behavior among Asian American adults [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-166.
Abstract PO-167: Area-level social deprivation and stage at diagnosis among breast cancer patients in South Carolina
Authors: Lawson Andrew B. , Hughes-Halbert Chanita , Babatunde Oluwole A. , Zahnd Whitney E. , Eberth Jan M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Cancer incidence, staging and mortality rates differ across geographic areas; however, there is a need for a better understanding of how neighborhood level socioeconomic and access to care factors impact cancer burden to tailor cancer control interventions in ways that appropriately target geographic determinants of cancer health disparities. The purpose of this study was to characterize the distribution of neighborhood deprivation in a cohort of breast cancer patients and examine the effect of social deprivation, healthcare professional shortage Area (HPSA) designation, and individual-level characteristics on breast cancer staging.
Methods: We established a retrospective cohort of breast cancer patients diagnosed from 1996 to 2015 using the South Carolina Central Cancer Registry.
Sociodemographic (e.g., race, age) and clinical variables were abstracted from the registry. We linked registry data to county-level variables to determine levels of social deprivation and residence in a health care professional shortage area using the Robert Graham Center’s Social Deprivation Index (SDI) and the Health Resources and Services Administration primary care HPSA designation. Bivariate analyses and multivariate regression analyses were used to examine associations. Results: The sample included 54,501 female breast cancer patients. Overall, the mean for SDI was 54.2 (+18.1) and the range was 76 (19-95). Approximately 44.4% of women lived in areas with high levels of social deprivation (e.g., SDI score of 52 to 95). In the logistic regression model, living in a geographic area with high social deprivation was significantly associated with African American race (OR=2.3, 95% C.I. 2.2-2.4), being unmarried (OR=1.2, 95% C.I. 1.1-1.3), and HPSA designation (OR=14.0, 95% C.I. 13.5- 14.6). Higher tumor grade (OR=1.2; 95% CI.1.2-1.3) and later stage (OR=1.1, 95% C.I. 1.1-1.2) were also significantly associated with neighborhood deprivation. Conclusion: This study shows that SDI differs by race and clinical characteristics among breast cancer patients. The SDI could be integrated into tumor registries and cancer research to understand the effects of neighborhood level variables on cancer health disparities to improve the precision of cancer control interventions that are developed to address geographic determinants.
Citation Format: Andrew B. Lawson, Chanita Hughes-Halbert, Oluwole A. Babatunde, Whitney E. Zahnd, Jan M. Eberth. Area-level social deprivation and stage at diagnosis among breast cancer patients in South Carolina [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-167.
Abstract PO-171: Unique stroke disparity and cancer risk in Asian Americans
Authors: Xia Helen Y. , Lu Wenyue 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Stroke is the fifth-leading cause of death in the US. Previous studies have found that the prevalence of precancerous lesions in patients with ischemic stroke is higher than that in the general population. Studies show that Asian-Americans are more likely to experience a severe ischemic stroke in comparison with other racial groups. Although predisposing risk factors for stroke and stroke epidemiology have been studied extensively, racial-ethnic disparities in stroke incidence and prevalence are well documented but less understood. Methods: This study uses a sample of 18889 adults who self-reported suffering stroke in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS-2018), which includes five racial and ethnic groups (White, Black, American Indian, Hispanic, and Asian American populations). Factors associated with stroke are used in data analysis. Results: Compared with other racial groups (White/Black/American Indian/Hispanic) in the United States, Asians are at an elevated risk of suffering a stroke. Asians reported a significantly higher rate of stroke in younger age group: in groups aged 18-34, Asians reported the highest rate of having stroke (15.4% vs. White, 1.9%; Black, 2.7%; American Indian, 4.7%; and Hispanic, 10.5%; p&lt;0.001). In addition, among respondents with normal/under-weight, doing exercise, and no smoking, Asians also reported significant higher stroke rates. Specifically, among people being normal- or under-weight; 50.2% of Asians reported having stroke in comparing with White, 29.7%; American Indian, 29.5%; Hispanic, 26.3% and Black, 25.4% (p&lt;0.001). Among people reported doing exercise, Asians (67.0%) reported the highest rate of stroke followed by Hispanic (59.5%), White (58.6%), Black (55.2%) and American Indian (53.3%) (p&lt;0.001). Similarly, among people reported no smoking, Asians (75.6%) also reported a significant higher rate of stroke in comparing with White (66.6%), Hispanic (60.5%), Black (55.7%), and American Indian (44.8%) (p&lt;0.001). More logistic regression results will be reported at presentation. Conclusion: Stroke incidence and prevalence are not uniform. Asian-Americans face unique disparities compared to their racial counterparts’ risk factors for stroke. Elucidating these underlying risk factors and identifying intervention strategies to address the stroke disparities experienced by Asian-Americans will improve both stroke and cancer prevention.
Citation Format: Helen Y. Xia, Wenyue Lu. Unique stroke disparity and cancer risk in Asian Americans [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-171.
Abstract PO-173: Racial/ethnic differences and underlying behavioral mechanisms in the association between metabolic syndrome and cancer
Authors: Zhu Lin , Ma Grace X. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Recent epidemiological studies have suggested a trend of increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and certain types of cancer among adults under the age of 50. How is MetS associated with cancer in adults under the age of 50? How does the association vary by racial/ethnic groups? What are the potential lifestyle behavioral mechanisms? This study attempts to gain insights into these questions. Methods: We used data from the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to define a case-control sample to examine the racial/ethnic disparities in the association of MetS and cancer of any type. We used chi-square test and binary logistic regression to examine the MetS and cancer association. All analyses were conducted in Stata 14. Results: From a total sample of 17,969 cases, we identified 15,463 no-cancer cases, and 1,584 cancer cases. We found that MetS was significantly associated with cancer risk in the total sample (odds ratio = 1.50, p = .005). This association was only found in the Asian subsample with marginal significance (odds ratio = 3.68, p = .06). Smoking was a significant mediator to the MetS-cancer association in the total sample; sleep duration was a marginally significant mediator in the African American subsample. Conclusion: To summarize, we found that the association between MetS and cancer vary by race/ethnicity for adults under the age of 50. The etiological and epidemiological mechanisms of such racial/ethnic disparities warrant future research. Our findings of racial/ethnic disparities between MetS and cancer contribute to the growing body of the literature and provide implications for future research and public health interventions. The next steps of our research are to: (1) conduct analysis in larger samples such as the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database; (2) explore the etiological and epidemiological mechanisms of MetS-cancer association with sufficient power within each racial/ethnic group; and 3) design and implement integrative behavioral interventions among high-risk groups to reduce cardiometabolic and cancer risks.
Citation Format: Lin Zhu, Grace X. Ma. Racial/ethnic differences and underlying behavioral mechanisms in the association between metabolic syndrome and cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-173.
Abstract PO-196: Oral cancer disparity among African Americans
Authors: Bhuiyan Shabnam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Oral cancer caused thousands of deaths every year. The rate of oral cancer death is higher due to the late-stage discovery of oral cancer. Cancer health disparity is prevalent in indifferent racial/ethnic groups. African Americans are the primary victim of cancer health disparity. Here we directed a comprehensive review of available literature to observe the oral cancer disparity in African Americans.
Method: We used various databases such as PubMed, Google scholar, and TMC (Texas Medical Center) library in July 2020. Software used to establish literature are EndNote and Zotero software. Search terms and methods used are [Oral Cancer] AND [African Americans], [Cancer Disparity] AND [African Americans], and [Oral Cancer] AND[Racial Disparity]. We found several articles that match our criteria.
After reviewing the text, a table has been generated to conclude the articles. Result: Studies show varied results. Some studies showed a higher rate of oral cancer in African Americans, and some studies show a lack of knowledge of oral cancer in African Americans. Some studies also show the decline of oral cancer in African Americans. Discussion: Studies regarding oral cancer in African Americans focus on a different topic. There should be more studies that deal with one consistent question so that we can see the cancer disparity in this population. Cancer researchers should be informed about these issues of research gap in oral cancer so that they can make an appropriate decision where to allocate funding during their investigation.
Citation Format: Shabnam Bhuiyan. Oral cancer disparity among African Americans [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-196.