bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The changing sociocultural context of wildlife conservation
Authors: Manfredo Michael J. , Teel Tara L. , Don Carlos Andrew W. , Sullivan Leeann , Bright Alan D. , Dietsch Alia M. , Bruskotter Jeremy , Fulton David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe introduced a multilevel model of value shift to describe the changing social context of wildlife conservation. Our model depicts how cultural‐level processes driven by modernization (e.g., increased wealth, education, and urbanization) affect changes in individual‐level cognition that prompt a shift from domination to mutualism wildlife values. Domination values promote beliefs that wildlife should be used primarily to benefit humans, whereas mutualism values adopt a view that wildlife are part of one's social network and worthy of care and compassion. Such shifts create emergent effects (e.g., new interest groups) and challenges to wildlife management organizations (e.g., increased conflict) and dramatically alter the sociopolitical context of conservation decisions. Although this model is likely applicable to many modernized countries, we tested it with data from a 2017–2018 nationwide survey (mail and email panel) of 43,949 residents in the United States. We conducted hierarchical linear modeling and correlational analysis to examine relationships. Modernization variables had strong state‐level effects on domination and mutualism. Higher levels of education, income, and urbanization were associated with higher percentages of mutualists and lower percentages of traditionalists, who have strong domination values. Values affected attitudes toward wildlife management challenges; for example, states with higher proportions of mutualists were less supportive of lethal control of wolves (Canis lupus) and had lower percentages of active hunters, who represent the traditional clientele of state wildlife agencies in the United States. We contend that agencies will need to embrace new strategies to engage and represent a growing segment of the public with mutualism values. Our model merits testing for application in other countries.
Sex‐related difference in the prognostic value of syncope for 30‐day mortality among hospitalized pulmonary embolism patients
Authors: Dzudovic Boris , Subotic Bojana , Novicic Natasa , Matijasevic Jovan , Trobok Jadranka , Miric Milica , Salinger‐Martinovic Sonja , Stanojevic Dragana , Nikolic Maja , Miloradovic Vladimir , Markovic Nikolic Natasa , Dekleva Milica , Lepojevic Stefanovic Danijela , Kos Ljiljana , Kovacevic Preradovic Tamara , Obradovic Slobodan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionRecent studies report that syncope is not a significant predictor of 30‐day mortality in pulmonary embolism (PE) patients, yet some data suggest sex‐related differences may be relevant.ObjectivesTo evaluate sex‐specific prediction significance of syncope for 30‐day mortality in PE patients.MethodsA multicentric, retrospective, observational, registry‐based study on consecutive PE patients was undertaken. Patients were allocated into either a men or a women group before comparisons were made between patients with syncope and those without syncope. A sex‐related prediction of the significance of syncope for 30‐day mortality was evaluated.ResultsOverall 588 patients [294 (50%) men and 294 (50%) women] were included within the study. Among men, patients with syncope were older and had significantly higher parameters of increased 30‐day mortality then patients without syncope. Within the same group, however, difference in the 30‐day mortality rate was not significant (log rank P = .942). In contrast to the men, fewer differences in admission characteristics were noticed among women, but those with syncope had significantly increased signs of the right ventricular dysfunction and increased 30‐day mortality rate, as compared with those without syncope (log rank P = .025). After adjustment for age in a Cox regression analysis, syncope was a significant predictor of 30‐day mortality in women (HR = 2.01, 95%CI 1.02‐3.95).ConclusionAlthough syncope is associated with other predictors of higher early mortality in both male and female PE patients, only in women it is a significant predictor of 30‐day mortality.
Validation of the Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile for use in clients with cannabis dependence
Authors: Mills Llewellyn , Lintzeris Nicholas , Bruno Raimondo , Montebello Mark , Dunlop Adrian , Deacon Rachel M. , Copeland Jan , Jefferies Meryem , Rivas Consuelo , Mammen Kristie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile (ATOP) was developed as a clinical tool for monitoring the substance use, health and wellbeing of clients in alcohol and other drug treatment. This is the first psychometric validation of the ATOP in a cannabis‐dependent treatment population.Design and MethodsA total of 128 individuals with cannabis dependence enrolled in an outpatient randomised controlled trial were administered the ATOP and gold‐standard health and wellbeing questionnaires once by clinicians and once by researchers at baseline. Concurrent validity was assessed by testing ATOP Psychological Health, Physical Health and Quality of Life questions against concurrently administered gold‐standard questionnaires: the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF‐36), the 21‐item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS‐21) and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Interrater reliability was tested by comparing clinician‐administered ATOP items at the medical screening interview to the same ATOP items administered by researchers at baseline.ResultsATOP Psychological Health showed moderate to strong correlations with SF‐36 Mental Components, SF‐36 Mental Health and DASS‐21 scores (r= 0.40–0.52) and ATOP Physical Health with SF‐36 Physical Components and SF‐36 General Health scores (r= 0.36–0.67). The ATOP Quality of Life scale showed moderate agreement with the SDS and six‐dimensional health state short form scales (r= 0.38–0.40). ATOP substance use, employment, education and child care items showed good to excellent interrater reliability (Krippendorff'sα= 0.62–0.81), and tobacco use, Psychological Health, Physical Health and Quality of Life showed fair to moderate interrater reliability (Krippendorff'sα= 0.42–0.53).Discussion and ConclusionsThe ATOP appears to be valid and reliable when tested in a population with cannabis‐dependence, justifying its widespread use in clinical settings.
Expression of retinoid receptors in hand eczema
Authors: Nada Hanan Rabea , Rashed Laila Ahmed , Elantably Dina Mahmoud Mustafa , El Sharkawy Dina Ahmed 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundHand eczema is the most common occupational skin disease. The etiology is multifactorial. Systemic alitretinoin, a pan‐retinoic receptor agonist, has proven efficacy in the treatment of recalcitrant chronic hand eczema; however, its precise mechanism of action in hand eczema is not fully understood.AimsAssessment of the level of expression of retinoid receptors (RAR and RXR) in the skin of patients with hand eczema in an attempt to explain their possible role in the pathogenesis of the disease.MethodsThirty patients with hand eczema and 30 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were included. Full clinical examination was done, and tissue levels of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR) were measured by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR).ResultsThe levels of RAR and RXR expression were significantly downregulated in the patient group compared to the control group; (P < 0.001) for both. In addition, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between Osnabrück Hand Eczema Severity Index (OHSI) and the levels of RAR and RXR expression (P < 0.001).ConclusionDeficient retinoid receptor expression has a primary role in the pathogenesis, clinical phenotype, and severity of hand eczema and sheds light on the mechanism of action of retinoids in the treatment of chronic hand eczema.
Paediatric clinical and social concerns identified by home visit nurses in the immediate postdischarge period
Authors: Tubbs‐Cooley Heather L. , Riddle Sarah W. , Gold Jennifer M. , Wade‐Murphy Susan , Auger Katherine A. , Statile Angela M. , Sucharew Heidi S. , Shah Samir S. , Simmons Jeffrey M. , Pickler Rita H. ,   H2O Study Group
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo describe paediatric postdischarge concerns manifesting in the first 96 hr after hospital discharge.DesignAnalysis of nursing documentation generated as part of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of a nurse home visit on healthcare re‐use.MethodsWe analysed home visit records of 651 children (age <18) hospitalized at a large Midwestern children's hospital in 2015 and 2016 who were enrolled in the trial. Registered nurses documented concerns in structured fields and free‐text notes in visit records. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize visit documentation. Free‐text visit notes were reviewed and exemplars illustrative of quantitative findings were selected.ResultsOverall, nurses documented at least one concern in 56% (N = 367) of visits. Most commonly, they documented concerns about medication safety (15% or 91 visits). Specifically, in 11% (N = 58) of visits nurses were concerned that caregivers lacked a full understanding of medications and in 8% (N = 49) of visits families did not have prescribed discharge medications. Pain was documented as present in 9% of all visits (N = 56). Nurses completed referrals to other providers/services in 12% of visits (N = 78), most frequently to primary care providers. In 13% of visits (N = 85) nurses documented concerns considered beyond the immediate scope of the visit related to social needs such as housing and transportation.ConclusionInpatient and community nurses and physicians should be prepared to reconcile and manage discharge medications, assess families’ medication administration practices and anticipate social needs after paediatric discharge.ImpactLittle empirical data are available describing concerns manifesting immediately after paediatric hospital discharge.Concerns about medication safety were most frequent followed by concerns related to housing and general safety.The results are important for clinicians preparing children and families for discharge and for community clinicians caring for discharged children.
Prognostic impact of concurrent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yoon Jun Sik , Lee Hyo Young , Chung Sung Won , Kim Sun Woong , Chang Young , Lee Yun Bin , Cho Eun Ju , Lee Jeong‐Hoon , Yu Su Jong , Kim Haeryoung , Yoon Jung‐Hwan , Kim Yoon Jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and AimAs the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing globally, patients with both NAFLD and chronic hepatitis B (CHB)‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is also frequently found. This study aimed to investigate the clinical impact of concurrent NAFLD on the prognosis of patients with CHB‐related HCC.MethodsPatients with CHB‐related HCC who underwent surgical resection were consecutively selected from August 2009 to December 2013. The association between histologically proven concurrent NAFLD and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Propensity score (PS) matching was adapted to adjust for baseline characteristics. We also investigated the presence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) among patients with NAFLD and its association with clinical outcomes.ResultsAmong 338 CHB‐related HCC patients selected, 196 patients (58.0%) were diagnosed with concurrent NAFLD. The median follow‐up duration was 74.9 months. The patients with NAFLD tended to have better recurrence‐free survival (RFS; log‐rank, P = 0.16) and had significantly better overall survival (OS; log‐rank, P = 0.004) than those without NAFLD. However, the survival benefit of the concurrent NAFLD was not significant in a multivariable Cox analysis (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.51–1.73, P = 0.84) or an analysis after PS matching (log‐rank, P = 0.57). Regarding the presence or absence of NASH, no differences in the RFS (log‐rank, P = 0.61) and OS (log‐rank, P = 0.26) were found.ConclusionsConcurrent NAFLD was not associated with both RFS and OS in patients with CHB‐related HCC after adjusting for baseline characteristics. Moreover, NAFLD patients with NASH did not have significantly different clinical outcomes compared with NAFLD patients without NASH.
Using clinical quality databases to monitor the quality of fundamental care: Example with weight status after severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Odgaard Lene , Aadal Lena , Eskildsen Marianne , Poulsen Ingrid 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo determine weight status and risk of overweight up to 1 year after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) as basis for defining nursing‐sensitive indicators of fundamental nutritional nursing care in a clinical quality database.BackgroundPatients' nutritional needs are recognised as fundamental care during hospitalisation, but less attention has been given to nutritional status after discharge.DesignNationwide cohort study. The STROBE checklist was used to ensure reporting quality.MethodsData were retrieved from the Danish Head Trauma Database, a clinical quality database aiming at improving the quality of neurorehabilitation. Individuals aged ≥ 15 years with severe TBI 2011–2015 (N = 424) were included. Normal weight, underweight and overweight were described according to the body mass index (BMI) at admission to subacute rehabilitation, at discharge and at 1 year postinjury. The probability of transition between weight groups from admission to 1 year postinjury was calculated. Multivariable binominal regression analyses compared risk of overweight between age groups.ResultsThe prevalence of underweight decreased from 13% at admission to 6% and 3% at discharge and 1 year postinjury, respectively. The prevalence of overweight was stable at 26%–27% at admission and discharge and increased to 44% at 1 year postinjury. Of the individuals not overweight at admission, 28% became overweight by 1 year postinjury. Overweight was significantly more prevalent in older compared to younger individuals. The risk of becoming overweight among those not overweight at admission did not differ between age groups.ConclusionUnderweight individuals achieved normal weight during inpatient rehabilitation. By 1 year postinjury, individuals were increasingly overweight.Relevance to clinical practiceWeight status has potential as nursing‐sensitive indicators that may be included in clinical quality databases to inform the organisational and policy level on the state of fundamental nutritional nursing care. The inclusion emphasise requested responsibilities of nursing care. This facilitates health economic attention and influences nursing professional execution.
White and Gray Matter Abnormalities in Manifest Huntington's Disease: Cross‐Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Sweidan Wafaa , Bao Fen , Bozorgzad Navid‐Seraji , George Edwin 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEEarly white matter (WM) changes and cortical atrophy in Huntington's disease (HD) are often evident before disease onset and extend through the brain during manifest stages. The trajectory of these brain abnormalities in symptomatic stages remains relatively unexplored. The aim of this study is to investigate how the pattern of WM and gray matter (GM) alterations progress over time.METHODSWe investigated alterations in brain WM, cortical thickness, and subcortical structures using diffusion and structural magnetic resonance imaging, in manifest HD patients (n = 13) compared to age‐matched healthy controls (n = 11). Imaging and clinical data for the HD group were collected at follow‐up (7 months) to explore possible longitudinal changes.RESULTSCross‐sectional analyses identified significant posterior cortical thinning (P < .05) and symmetric fractional anisotropy (FA) reduction (P < .01) in brain WM of HD group compared to HC. These changes were strongly correlated with impairment in motor symptoms and processing speed. Subcortical atrophy was significant in caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus (P < .001). Regions of interest analysis revealed a significant reduction in FA of the corpus callosum (CC) (–2.19%, P < .05) upon follow‐up, whereas no significant cortical thinning and subcortical atrophy was found.CONCLUSIONSThis study showed broad GM and WM abnormalities in manifest HD patients. Reductions in FA and cortical thinning correlated significantly with the disturbances of motor and cognitive processing that describe HD. Follow‐up assessment showed that the CC is compromised in the absence of detectable GM changes or motor decline, suggesting it plays an important role in disease progression.
Effects of Temperature and Nutrient Supply on Resource Allocation, Photosynthetic Strategy, and Metabolic Rates of Synechococcus sp.
Authors: Fernández‐González Cristina , Pérez‐Lorenzo María , Pratt Nicola , Moore C. Mark , Bibby Thomas S. , Marañón Emilio 
Published: March 2020

Temperature and nutrient supply are key factors that control phytoplankton ecophysiology, but their role is commonly investigated in isolation. Their combined effect on resource allocation, photosynthetic strategy, and metabolism remains poorly understood. To characterize the photosynthetic strategy and resource allocation under different conditions, we analyzed the responses of a marine cyanobacterium (Synechococcus PCC 7002) to multiple combinations of temperature and nutrient supply. We measured the abundance of proteins involved in the dark (RuBisCO, rbcL) and light (Photosystem II, psbA) photosynthetic reactions, the content of chlorophyll a, carbon and nitrogen, and the rates of photosynthesis, respiration, and growth. We found that rbcL and psbA abundance increased with nutrient supply, whereas a temperature‐induced increase in psbA occurred only in nutrient‐replete treatments. Low temperature and abundant nutrients caused increased RuBisCO abundance, a pattern we observed also in natural phytoplankton assemblages across a wide latitudinal range. Photosynthesis and respiration increased with temperature only under nutrient‐sufficient conditions. These results suggest that nutrient supply exerts a stronger effect than temperature upon both photosynthetic protein abundance and metabolic rates in Synechococcus sp. and that the temperature effect on photosynthetic physiology and metabolism is nutrient dependent. The preferential resource allocation into the light instead of the dark reactions of photosynthesis as temperature rises is likely related to the different temperature dependence of dark‐reaction enzymatic rates versus photochemistry. These findings contribute to our understanding of the strategies for photosynthetic energy allocation in phytoplankton inhabiting contrasting environments.
The content of school textbooks in (nation) states and “stateless autonomies”: A comparison of Turkey and the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (Rojava)
Authors: Dinç Pinar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHighlighting the modernity of state institutions, Hobsbawm defines the nation as a modern territorial state (the nation‐state) and argues that nation and nationality cannot be discussed unless they refer to the nation‐state. Hobsbawm's conception of nations and nationality in the context of the nation‐state warrants readdress by comparing Westphalian models of states with subjects that do not attempt a territorial model but arguably still invest in the nation and a sense of nationality. This article compares the discourses of building nations and national identities fostered in the content of school textbooks in the Republic of Turkey—a modern, territorial nation‐state—and the Autonomous Administration of North and East of Syria (hereafter Rojava)—an alternative state system model established in the power vacuum proceeding Bashar al‐Assad regime withdrawal from expansive territory in northern Syria. In doing so, the article revisits the existing literature on the correlation between the content and political associations of school textbooks through a comparative analysis of primary school course materials in Turkey and Rojava, neighbouring and conflicting political entities that occupy contrasting domains of statehood and military capacity.
Floral scent evolution in the sectionPseudophrys: pollinator‐mediated selection or phylogenetic constraints?
Authors: Joffard N. , Arnal V. , Buatois B. , Schatz B. , Montgelard C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSexually deceptive orchid species from the Mediterranean genusOphrysusually interact with one or a few pollinator species by means of specific floral scents. In this study, we investigated the respective role of pollinator‐mediated selection and phylogenetic constraints in the evolution of floral scents in the sectionPseudophrys.We built a phylogenetic tree of 19Pseudophrysspecies based on three nuclear loci; we gathered a dataset on their pollination interactions from the literature and from our own field data; and we extracted and analysed their floral scents using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. We then quantified the phylogenetic signal carried by floral scents and investigated the link between plant–pollinator interactions and floral scent composition using phylogenetic comparative methods.We confirmed the monophyly of the sectionPseudophrysand demonstrated the existence of three main clades within this section. We found that floral scent composition is affected by both phylogenetic relationships amongOphrysspecies and pollination interactions, with some compounds (especially fatty acid esters) carrying a significant phylogenetic signal and some (especially alkenes and alkadienes) generating dissimilarities between closely relatedPseudophryspollinated by different insects.Our results show that in the sectionPseudophrys, floral scents are shaped both by pollinator‐mediated selection and by phylogenetic constraints, but that the relative importance of these two evolutionary forces differ among compound classes, probably reflecting distinct selective pressures imposed upon behaviourally active and non‐active compounds.
Total integrals of Ablowitz‐Segur solutions for the inhomogeneous Painlevé II equation
Authors: Kokocki Piotr 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we establish a formula determining the value of the Cauchy principal value integrals of the real and purely imaginary Ablowitz‐Segur solutions for the inhomogeneous second Painlevé equation. Our approach relies on the analysis of the corresponding Riemann‐Hilbert problem and the construction of an appropriate parametrix in a neighborhood of the origin. Obtained integral formulas are consistent with already known analogous results for the Ablowitz‐Segur solutions of the homogeneous Painlevé II equation.
Consumer foresight, customer data, and investment in targeting technology
Authors: Baye Irina , Sapi Geza 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe analyze competing firms’ incentives to adopt a technology that allows making refined targeted offers to returning customers. Consumer foresight is crucial for firms’ decisions. Although our setup is symmetric, when consumers are myopic, the unique equilibrium is asymmetric in firms’ technology adoption decisions. Contrary to conventional wisdom, consumers may be better off being myopic than sophisticated. Light privacy policy may benefit consumers if it reduces the costs of handling customer data and avoids strict obligations on firms to inform consumers about data use, which would erode investment incentives into targeting technology.