bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Imola Active Breaks study: a new strategy in child public health to reduce sedentary
Authors: Masini A , Marini S , Gori D , Montalti M , Lanari M , Ceciliani A , Stagni R , Bisi M C , Tessari A , Dallolio L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Physical inactivity is worldwide considered one of the biggest public health problems of the 21st century. WHO recommended in children, at least 60 minute of Moderate Vigorous Physical activity (MVPA) per day, but low percentages comply with guidelines. Considering that children spend many hours at school, classroom is the ideal setting to increase their PA. Active Breaks (AB) are a 5-15-minute bouts of PA led by the teachers during academic lessons. The aim of the Imola AB study is to implement a 1-year intervention based on AB (10min/3per-day) in primary school as a new strategy to reduce inactivity. We present the baseline results.

Methods
Quasi-experimental pre-post study in 6-10aged primary school children, in Imola(Italy).We evaluated PA level with Actigraph accelerometers: time (in minutes) spent in MVPA Weekly and Daily (W-MVPA; D-MVPA) and Weekly Sedentary behaviours (W-SB).

Results
We recruited 152 children: N = 110 in Active Breaks experimental group (AB) and N = 42 in control group (CG). Actigraph's analysis showed that 42,5% of children in the ABG vs 31.0% in the CG reach the WHO recommendation (p=ns). We investigated baseline differences between groups using ANOVA dividing children by grade. In 3-4 grades: W-MVPA (AB = 318.3±15.5 vs CG = 310.4±98.0 p = 0.78); D-MVPA (AB = 53.0±20.3 vs CG = 51.8±16.3 p = 0.79);W-SB (AB = 6,687.5±375.3 vs CG = 6,754.7±281.0 p = 0.45). In 1grade: W-MVPA (AB = 376.1±127.9 vs CG = 300.3±120.0 p = 0.02); D-MVPA (AB = 62.7±21.3 vs CG = 50.0±20.0 p = 0.02); W-SB (AB = 6,436.0±496.0 vs CG = 6,373.3 ±1,532.0 p = 0.7).

Conclusions
Only the 39.2% of the total sample met the 60-minute/day of MVPA recommended. We found no significant baseline differences in PA level measured by Actigraph between CG and AB, excepted in 1 grade. The intervention implemented in the Imola AB study could be a good strategy to reduce sedentary in children and reach the WHO recommendation, thus contributing to the aims of the new Global Action Plan on PA 2018-2030.

Key messages
Less than 50% reach the WHO recommendations of PA. AB implemented in the Imola Study could be a public health school-based strategy to reduce sedentary and increase healthy behavior in children. Active breaks (AB) are emerging as a good strategy to increase the PA level, reducing the time in sedentary habits.
Promotion of water consumption in elementary schools: evaluation of the 'H2NOE Water Schools' program
Authors: Griebler U , Titscher V , Affengruber L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Children often do not drink enough water. Consumption of water is associated with several health benefits, including prevention of overweight and reduction of dental caries. Drinking water can also improve children's attention and memory and sufficient water intake is important especially during the school day. A pilot programme to increase the tap water consumption of elementary school children started in 2018 - the “H2NOE Water Schools” in Lower Austria programme. The intervention schools received a free water bottle for each child, an information workshop for teachers and teaching materials.

Methods
In an intervention study with a control group in a before-and-after design we examined whether the “H2NOE water school” can lead to a change in the drinking behaviour of the pupils. All children of the 3rd grade in the 22 intervention schools (IG) and 32 control schools (CG) were surveyed using a paper-pencil questionnaire in autumn 2018 and in June 2019. We used multi-level analyses taking into account clusters at class level to analyse the beverage consumption data.

Results
In total, data of 1242 students were available at baseline and 1164 students at the end of the intervention. The consumption of tap water per day improved in both groups in a similar way: in the IG from 4.1 glasses (95% CI 3.8-4.3) to 4.7 (4.5-5.0) and in the CG from 3.1 glasses (95% CI 2.9-3.4) to 3.9 (3.6-4.2). Soft drink consumption remained stable in both groups, but juice consumption decreased in the IG compared to the CG.

Conclusions
The children in the intervention schools drank more tap water after 1 school year with the intervention than at the beginning. However, this was also evident in the control schools. The measurement of drinking habits in the CG may have been intervention enough to bring about changes or to initiate projects in these schools. The different seasons of the measurement (autumn and early summer) could have an influence on the results.

Key messages
A school-based intervention providing free water bottles improved the water consumption of elementary school children. The mere measurement of beverage consumption in the control schools also resulted in increased water consumption.
Effects of neoliberal rationality on Brazilian Public Health System recent policies and discourses
Authors: Sater De Andrade H , Resende Carvalho S , Freitas de Oliveira C , Ravelli Cabrini D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
We analyzed the increasing penetration of neoliberal rationality in recent changes of Brazilian Public Health. We seek to observe if these different discourses and organizational changes represent a lack of accountability for public power and put in risk universal access through a paradoxical defense of equity principle.

Methods
We performed a discourse analysis of 8 technical documents published by the Ministry of Health from 2016 to 2019 as well as different 5 interviews made with and 6 articles signed by its minister and secretaries. This period comprehends an interim government formed after a controversial impeachment process and the new Ministry staff named after Bolsonaro's election.

Results
We studied different perspectives of neoliberalism that have been seeking for the last years to untangle the concept of neoliberalism. Inspired by Foucault's thoughts, neoliberalism is understood here beyond as a complex transformation of government paradigms that produces very narrow models of individual freedom and subjectivity and that considers private entrepreneurship as naturally superior to state actions commonly described as inefficient and costly. Often justified by a literature characterized as scientific, we understand that recent Brazilian Public Health formulations have been emphasizing equity to the detriment of universality and overestimating public-private partnerships and private management logic as positive solution for public policies and a prioritization of healthy lifestyle and risk management based on individual and moral autonomy over the role of the State of intervention on health social determinants.

Conclusions
Recent public speeches and technical documents of Public Health in Brazil at the federal level have been influenced by a neoliberal rationality. These changes require more accurate methods to unravel neoliberalism meanings and practices and preserve hard-won social rights during the re-democratization of Brazil.

Key messages
Neoliberal rationality of recent Brazilian Public Health discourses represents a lack of accountability for public power and a risk to health universal access. These changes require more accurate methods to unravel neoliberalism meanings and practices and preserve hard-won social rights of our public health system during the re-democratization of Brazil.
Out-of-pocket funding of medical services among older adults
Authors: Tur-Sinai A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The current composition of Israeli private funding is inconsistent with the principles of the State Health Insurance Law. According with the aging process, this study identifies and investigates the predictors of out-of-pocket (hereinafter- OOP) funding of medical care and healthcare among the 50+ population. Its three objectives are to profile the healthcare services for which older adults pay out of pocket, profile the older adults who pay OOP for medical services and detect changes over the years, and identify predictors of private healthcare service funding by older adults.

Methods
The study is based on the SHARE-Israel database. Relating to longitudinal information yielded by the SHARE-Israel, it sheds light on the characteristics of those who reported having paid OOP for medical services.

Results
A large majority of the 50+ population in Israel that consumes healthcare services is asked to pay for them out of pocket. Their average age is sixty-seven. Possession of supplemental health insurance coverage, state of health and changes in it, and economic resources are found to have the strongest effect on the probability of OOP funding. The motive of financial and/or social support that older adults receive from and/or give to their immediate surroundings makes it more likely that they will pay OOP for healthcare services. The decision on whether to pay out of pocket in advanced age is positively dependent on age but negatively dependent on level of education. The probability of OOP funding varies between Jews and Arabs and between non-immigrant Jews and recent-immigrant Jews from the former Soviet Union.

Conclusions
The share of OOP funding of healthcare in older adult households' total annual income is trending upward. The funding of older adult healthcare services in Israel is marked by inequality. Furthermore, economic motives are central in determining whether older adults' out-of-pocket expenditure on healthcare services will stabilize over time.

Key messages
The funding of older adult healthcare services in Israel is marked by inequality. Economic motives are central in determining whether older adults’ out-of-pocket expenditure on healthcare services will stabilize over time.
Case for rethinking system leadership and its development in public health
Authors: Smith T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
There is growing recognition of the importance of leadership in Public Health (PH) practice, and the need to embed it into the education and training of PH professionals. However the theoretical discourse within leadership research has changed significantly and there is recognition that previous conceptualisations of leadership, and our ways of developing it may be flawed, and need to be changed in practice.

Objectives
This presentation will discuss development of leadership theory, and system leadership. In particular it will highlight how System Leadership differs from previous understandings of leadership and the implications of this for ph practitioners and those charged with developing system leadership capacity within public health.

Body of the session
Leadership in organisations is mostly focused on current/anticipated internal challenges (strategy, performance management, staff engagement, etc.). Leaders are generally developed via individual leader development rather than a focus developing Leadership capacity across organisations/systems. Within PH it is increasingly realised that single organisations can no longer respond effectively to the “wicked” issues they face. They do not possess sufficient know-how to address the complex and multi-dimensional problems faced, so leadership models based on a single hierarchical organisation are not sustainable. There is a need to work collectively in an ecosystem-based approach (not an ego-based system). System Leadership development requires that participants are actively engaged in real attempts to improve PH System. Development requires that underlying values are made explicit, explored and diversity embraced. The emphasis will be on supporting learners in the doing rather than critiquing or talking about it.

Conclusions
There is need to appreciate fully the nature of systems leadership, together with implications for PH practice and the development of system leadership capacity throughout the PH workforce.
8.H. Workshop: People-centered approach in TB treatment. Experience from Eastern European countries
Authors:   Organised by: American University of Armenia (Armenia),   Chair persons: Varduhi Petrosyan - Armenia
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The current global “END TB” strategy emphasizes the importance of people-centered approach in TB treatment. The latter gives patients a central role in the course of treatment, prioritizing social circumstances, needs, and values of patients.
Some high burden TB countries in the European region have integrated different models of people-centered TB treatment in their national TB control programs, while others are working towards adopting and introducing relevant models for their settings.
The objectives of the workshop are: To bring together existing evidence and experience of countries that are in different stages in terms of implementing people-centered approach in TB care.To contribute to the integration of evidence-based practices, including people-centered approach, in different settings and countries.To promote regional cooperation through information exchange, networking and discussion.
The session will include experts, researchers and public health practitioners from Armenia and Ukraine.
The proposed workshop will follow the regular format with five presentations, each of them dedicated to a country-specific experience in people-centered approach in TB treatment. The presenters will provide examples about different components of people-centered approach implementation in different settings. The discussion session with workshop presenters and attendees will facilitate further conversation about lessons learned from recent successes/failures in each country. This will provide practical advice and recommendations regarding development and implementation of best practices of people-centered approach in TB care.

Key messages
The workshop will advance the understanding about successes, challenges, and lessons learned from implementation of people–centered approach in TB treatment in different settings. The workshop will facilitate discussion and information exchange among participants, helping public health practitioners to adapt people–centered approach in TB treatment in their countries.
8.I. Workshop: Populist radical right and health: National policies and global trends
Authors:   Organised by: University of Michigan (USA),   Chair persons: Marleen Bekker – EUPHA Public health policy and politics section, Scott Greer - USA
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Populist radical right (PRR) parties have been steadily expanding, not only in the number of supporters they gain and the seats they win in governments, but more importantly they have been increasingly elected into governmental coalitions as well as presidential offices. With the prominence of these authoritarian, nationalistic and populist parties, it is often difficult to discern what kind of policies they actually stand for. Particularly with regards to the welfare state and public health, it is not always clear what these parties stand for. At times they call for a reduction of health-related welfare provision, despite the fact that this goes against the will of the “ordinary people”, their core supporters; they often promote radical reductions of welfare benefits among socially excluded groups - usually immigrants, whom are most in need of such services; and finally they often mobilize against evidence-based policies. The purpose of this workshop is to present the PRRs actual involvement in health care and health policies across various countries. As PRR parties increase and develop within but also outside of the European continent it is necessary to keep track of their impact, particularly with regards to health and social policies. Although research surrounding PRR parties has significantly expanded over the last years, their impact on the welfare state and more specifically health policies still remains sparse. This workshop will present findings from the first comprehensive book connecting populist radical right parties with actual health and social policy effects in Europe (Eastern and Western) as well as in the United States.
This workshop presents five country cases (Austria, Poland, the Netherlands, the United States) from the book Populist Radical Right and Health: National Policies and Global Trends. All five presentations will address PRR parties or leaders and their influence on health, asking the questions “How influential are PRR parties or leaders when it comes to health policy?” “Do the PRR actually have an impact on policy outcomes?” and “What is the actual impact of the health policies implemented by PRR parties or leaders?” After these five presentations, the participants of the workshop will be engaged in an interactive discussion.

Key messages
As the number of PRR parties increase worldwide and their involvement in national governments become inevitable, new light must be shed on the impact these political parties have on public health. Politics needs to become better integrated into public health research. The rise of PRR parties in Europe might have serious consequences for public health and needs to be further explored.
Hungary
Authors: Scheiring G , Löblová O , Moise A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The impact of Populist Radical Right (PRR) parties on health policy has so far been neglected by health policy and welfare state literature. The case of the Alliance of Young Democrats (Fidesz) in Hungary, a large PPR party which secured three consecutive supermajorities since 2010, is illustrative of the priorities PPR parties.

Methods
We conducted a review of available primary sources (legal and policy documents) and secondary literature (academic, press, and think-tank publications). Resulting data was analyzed thematically.

Results
Under Viktor Orban, Fidesz nominally stopped marketization reforms of the previous governments by re-nationalizing hospitals in its first term. However, voluntary and employer-sponsored private insurance has grown rapidly, resulting in a parallel system of health care financing and provision, likely due to continued underfunding and understaffing of the public sector. The government has not stopped the exodus of health professionals. In public health, Fidesz sought to reduce smoking rates by imposing a wide-reaching smoking ban and by nationalizing the sale of tobacco in its first mandate.

Conclusions
Fidesz' election in 2010 was brought in part due to protests against health privatization. Health care continued to be a prominent theme of the 2018 elections, this time mobilized by the far-right opposition as a grievance against the government. Fidesz's electoral success is less attributable to health policy than to nationalist and populist rhetoric.
Collecting Data on Sexual & Reproductive Health in Humanitarian Settings
Authors: Ferne J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Unsafe abortion is a major contributor to maternal death and disability in humanitarian/ contexts, and women and girls are at considerable risk of experiencing forced marriage and sexual violence, as well as acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Routine, reliable and rigorously collected data on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in humanitarian settings are sparse globally irrespective of region or state of emergency. This problem is pronounced in politicized SRH issues such as abortion. This innovation has piloted a variety of strategies including data mapping, resource inventory, focus group/interviews, and other approaches to map challenges associated with collection and indicator development. Indicators have been developed, a toolkit with pre-programmed tablets to record information and detailed instructions for how to collect abortion information has been piloted, and a central database will be established to make SRHR data (particularly abortion and advocacy data) more widely available.
Adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights: generating evidence and strengthening country capacity
Authors: Ferne J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Knowledge generation and use of evidence on Adolescent SRHR and related gender issues, (such as gender inequalities and female empowerment) is weak and is not being harnessed effectively. Country institutional capacity is often inadequate for effective analysis and communication of ASRHR data, and data on the youngest adolescent age-cohorts are lacking. Available ASRHR and related gender data through surveys are poorly harnessed by policy makers, program staff and project managers. As such, available ASRHR data are often ignored due to low confidence in research quality across data collection methods. This innovation has developed and tested improved methods of measurement, monitoring, and knowledge translation in ASRHR and gender across multiple sub-Saharan countries. It has further created and piloted methods and tools to better analyze, communicate, and translate into action ASRHR-relevant data, with a focus on better integration of national survey data (including subnational analyses, district data) to support and inform: (i) government policies and programs and local projects led by Canadian and other NGOs; and (ii) contextualized local programmatic monitoring, learning and evaluation.
Impact of lockdown measures in abating the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons from India’s phased approach
Authors: Singh R , Sharma K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020 and characterized the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. India enacted such measures early on for effective mitigation and suppression to reduce community transmission, including an onerous national lockdown. The impact of the health system governance is quite apparent among all stakeholders including the public in such emergency contexts.

Methods
We compiled the daily data on the number of COVID-19 cases, recoveries and deaths from January 30th until June 16th, 2020. Different stages were categorized from post PHEIC declaration (pre-lockdown) phase to lockdown phases and unlocking phase as implemented. The several measures adopted by the national government were structured in four broad categories as Governance and socioeconomic, travel restrictions, lockdown and public health measures. These measures were compared during each phase.

Results
It was revealed that while the cases are rising the phased restrictions has helped in delaying the peak and remarkably interrupted the rate of transmission. The national average doubling rate was 3 days at the beginning which improved to 22 days. The basic reproduction number remained close to 1 during the last week of lockdown. However, the initial interruption of needed aid and technical support had negative social and economic impacts on the affected population.

Conclusions
As the situation abates following the measures adopted by the government, an articulate strategy of unlocking through increased testing and prompt isolation needs to be developed for more effective reduction and protecting the livelihoods allowing to further relax the lockdown measures.

Key messages
There is need for the local government to consider a strategic easing of the lockdown for protecting the rights of the most affected population. As the transmission rates are low, the easing of lockdown can be benefited from improved testing and prompt isolation.