bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variety in founder experience and the performance of knowledge-intensive innovative firms
Authors: Gifford Ethan , Buenstorf Guido , Ljungberg Daniel , McKelvey Maureen , Zaring Olof 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article contributes with an analysis of the specific linkages between knowledge, innovation and entrepreneurship for industrial dynamics, within the emerging literature upon knowledge-intensive innovative entrepreneurial (KIE) firms. We find a distinct variety in the usefulness of different types of founder experience (single or teams) in the performance of entrepreneurial firms. This variety affects selection in the economy, as measured by the performance of firms in a two-stage process – namely first by analyzing survival over time and then of high growth rates. We do so in order to consider averages/probabilities in the population using Cox regression as well as of the outliers, using quantile regression. We find that on one hand, founders having previously started firms or worked in the same industry are more likely to survive. On the other hand, very high-growth firms have founders who previously started firms or worked in universities. Combining different types of founder experience in KIE firms has a consistently positive relationship with performance both in terms of survival and of growth. Our interpretation is that the variety of founder experience affect selection processes and opportunity recognition in KIE firms and thereby fundamentally affect whether, and to what extent, entrepreneurial actions lead to industrial transformation.
TatS: a novel in vitro tattooed human skin model for improved pigment toxicology research
Authors: Hering Henrik , Zoschke Christian , Kühn Markus , Gadicherla Ashish K. , Weindl Günther , Luch Andreas , Schreiver Ines 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReports of tattoo-associated risks boosted the interest in tattoo pigment toxicity over the last decades. Nonetheless, the influence of tattoo pigments on skin homeostasis remains largely unknown. In vitro systems are not available to investigate the interactions between pigments and skin. Here, we established TatS, a reconstructed human full-thickness skin model with tattoo pigments incorporated into the dermis. We mixed the most frequently used tattoo pigments carbon black (0.02 mg/ml) and titanium dioxide (TiO2, 0.4 mg/ml) as well as the organic diazo compound Pigment Orange 13 (0.2 mg/ml) into the dermis. Tissue viability, morphology as well as cytokine release were used to characterize TatS. Effects of tattoo pigments were compared to monolayer cultures of human fibroblasts. The tissue architecture of TatS was comparable to native human skin. The epidermal layer was fully differentiated and the keratinocytes expressed occludin, filaggrin and e-cadherin. Staining of collagen IV confirmed the formation of the basement membrane. Tenascin C was expressed in the dermal layer of fibroblasts. Although transmission electron microscopy revealed the uptake of the tattoo pigments into fibroblasts, neither viability nor cytokine secretion was altered in TatS. In contrast, TiO2 significantly decreased cell viability and increased interleukin-8 release in fibroblast monolayers. In conclusion, TatS emulates healed tattooed human skin and underlines the advantages of 3D systems over traditional 2D cell culture in tattoo pigment research. TatS is the first skin model that enables to test the effects of pigments in the dermis upon tattooing.
Feasibility study about the use of element profiles determined by ED-XRF as screening method to authenticate coconut sugar commercially available
Authors: Zdiniakova Tereza , de la Calle María Beatriz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFinancial gain is a main driver for committing food fraud and replacement of ingredients with cheaper alternatives is an easy way to do it. Coconut sugar is becoming popular as an alternative to beetroot or cane sugar due to its high mineral content and lower glycaemic index. As its market price is about twice as high as that of conventional sugar, coconut sugar may become target to fraudulent manipulation. The present work explores the feasibility of using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence as a screening tool to verify its authenticity. Mass fractions of P, Cl, S, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Br, Rb, and Sr determined in eleven coconut, ten cane, and one beetroot sugar samples, purchased in Belgian, Spanish, Polish, and Italian supermarkets were used for discriminating the different sugars. On average, the mass fractions of all the mentioned elements were higher in coconut than in cane and beetroot sugars. Multivariate analysis of the elemental fingerprint by Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogies was used for authentication purposes. Models constructed were characterised by zero false positives; three coconut sugars (27%) could not be classified as such, neither as cane sugars.
The Effect of Prone Positioning as Postoperative Physiotherapy to Prevent Atelectasis After Hepatectomy
Authors: Toshida Katsuya , Minagawa Ryosuke , Kayashima Hiroto , Yoshiya Shohei , Koga Tadashi , Kajiyama Kiyoshi , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Mori Masaki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe incidences of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) such as atelectasis, pneumonia and pleural effusion after major surgery range from <1 to 23%. Atelectasis after abdominal surgery increases the duration of hospitalization and short‐term mortality rate, but there are few reports about atelectasis after hepatectomy. The effectiveness of prone position drainage as physiotherapy has been reported, but it remains unclarified whether prone positioning prevents atelectasis after hepatectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the prone position on the incidence of atelectasis after hepatectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the incidence of PPCs after hepatectomy at a single center. Patients were divided into two cohorts. The earlier cohort (n = 165) underwent hepatectomy between January 2016 and March 2018 and was analyzed to identify the risk factors for atelectasis and short‐term outcomes; the later cohort (n = 51) underwent hepatectomy between April 2018 and March 2019 and underwent prone position drainage in addition to regular mobilization postoperatively. The incidences of PPCs were compared between the two cohorts.ResultsIndependent risk factors for atelectasis were anesthetic duration (P = 0.016), operation time (P = 0.046) and open surgery (P = 0.011). The incidence of atelectasis was significantly lower in the later cohort (9.8%) than the earlier cohort (34.5%, P < 0.001). Moreover, the later cohort had a significantly shorter duration of oxygen support (P < 0.001) and postoperative hospitalization (P < 0.001). After propensity score‐matching, the incidence of atelectasis remained significantly lower in the later cohort (P = 0.027).ConclusionProne position drainage may decrease the incidence of atelectasis after hepatectomy and improve the short‐term outcomes.
Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation in childhood: a staged management strategy incorporating manipulation under anaesthesia
Authors: Hill Ciaran Scott , Borg Anouk , Tahir Muhammad Zubair , Thompson Dominic Nolan Paul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aims
The aims were to evaluate the safety of manipulation under anaesthesia (MUA) for atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) and the relative efficacy of rigid collar vs halo-body orthosis (HBO) in avoiding relapse and the need for open surgery.

Methods
Cases of CT-verified AARF treated by MUA were identified from a neurosurgical operative database. Demographic details, time to presentation and aetiology of AARF were ascertained through case note review. Cases were divided according to method of immobilisation after successful reduction, either rigid collar (group 1) or HBO (group 2). The primary outcome measure was relapse requiring open surgical arthrodesis.

Results
Thirty-three patients (2.2–12.7 years) satisfied inclusion criteria. Time to presentation varied from 1 day to 18 months. There were 19 patients in group 1 and 14 in group 2. There were no adverse events associated with MUA. 9/19 (47%) patients in group 1 resolved without need for further treatment compared with 10/14 (71%) in group 2 (p = 0.15). Of the 10 patients who failed group 1 treatment, four resolved after HBO. A total of ten patients (30%) failed treatment and required open surgery.

Conclusions
MUA is a safe procedure for AARF where initial conservative measures have failed. MUA followed by immobilisation avoids the need for open surgery in over two thirds of cases. Immobilisation by cervical collar appears equally effective to HBO as an initial management, and so a step-wise approach may be reasonable. Delayed presentation may be a risk factor for relapse and need for open surgery.
P53 staining index and zonal staining patterns in actinic keratoses
Authors: Javor Sanja , Gasparini Giulia , Biatta Chiara Maria , Cozzani Emanuele , Cabiddu Francesco , Ravetti Jean Louis , Vellone Valerio Gaetano , Parodi Aurora 
Published: July 2020

AbstractActinic keratoses (AKs) are common dysplastic lesions resulting from chronic excessive ultraviolet exposure. Neither the clinical grade of thickness nor the histological grade of dysplasia seems valid predictors of aggressive potential of AKs. Instead, the mutational status in AKs appears to predict well the clinical course. TP53 gene mutations result in a non-functional protein resistant to degradation, thus immunohistochemical staining for p53 can suggest mutation status. Increased p53 was associated with progression from AK to squamous cell carcinoma. To investigate how the intensity of p53 staining (p53 staining index) varies according to body site, histological subtype and grade dysplasia of AKs. Secondly, we sought to investigate the distribution in the epidermal layers of non-functional p53 (zonal staining patterns). p53 staining index was greater than 50% in 90.7% of AKs. p53 staining index was significantly higher in older age (p < 0.0093) and in facial AKs compared to other body areas (p = 0.03). A significant correlation between p53 staining index and grade of dysplasia was observed (p = 0.006) and between p53 staining index and zonal p53 staining pattern (p = 0.003). No significant differences in p53 staining index among the various histological AK types were observed. No correlation between clinical and histological grade. All AKs, independently from their clinical appearance, should be treated but special attention is required for AKs on severely photodamaged skin on the face and in older patients.
Post-operative management and follow-up of surgical treatment in the case of rectovaginal and retrocervical endometriosis
Authors: Abesadze Elene , Chiantera Vito , Sehouli Jalid , Mechsner Sylvia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) affects between 3.8% and 37% of all endometriosis patients, mostly affecting rectovaginal septum or retrocervical space and characterized by the severe endometriosis-related complaints. Nowadays, generally managed with surgery. However, this is associated with a risk of postoperative complications. To better evaluate intra- and postoperative complications and outcomes for rectovaginal (RVE) and retrocervical endometriosis (RCE), the preoperative management should be accurately described and compared.

Methodology
This is a cohort retrospective study performed at the Endometriosis Centre of Charité-University Clinic, Berlin. 34 patients were investigated in their reproductive age, n = 19 with RVE and n = 15 RCE, operated between 2011 and 2015. The surgical approach was divergent in both groups. Single laparoscopy was performed in RCE patients (RCEP) and vaginal assisted laparoscopy in RVE patients (RVEP). Long-term postoperative outcome included complications, fertility rate and recurrence rate.

Results
The median follow-up time was three years (y). Symptom-free status was revealed in n = 12 RVEP and n = 9 RCEP. Postoperatively, endometriosis-related complaints were presented in n = 7 RVEP and n = 6 RCEP, but with significant pain relief. From n = 8 RVE patients seeking fertility, pregnancy occurred in n = 7 and from n = 9 RCEP pregnancy appeared in n = 5 patients in the meantime of 6 months. Postoperative complications were reported in n = 1 RVEP with early postoperative bleeding, after ureter leakage and n = 1 RCEP with postoperative anastomotic insufficiency. The postoperative recurrence rate was equivalent to zero.

Conclusion
The appropriate surgical approach for each group, preserving anatomy and functionality of the organs, seems to be very essential and efficient.
Sparse regressions and particle swarm optimization in training high-order Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems
Authors: Wiktorowicz Krzysztof , Krzeszowski Tomasz , Przednowek Krzysztof 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for training Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems using sparse regressions and particle swarm optimization. The fuzzy system is considered with Gaussian fuzzy sets in the antecedents and high-order polynomials in the consequents of the inference rules. The proposed method can be applied in two variants: without or with particle swarm optimization. In the first variant, ordinary least squares, ridge regression, or sparse regressions (forward selection, least angle regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and elastic net regression) determine the polynomials in the fuzzy system in which the fuzzy sets are known. In the second variant, we have a hybrid method in which particle swarm optimization determines the fuzzy sets, while ordinary least squares, ridge regression, or sparse regressions determine the polynomials. The first variant is simpler to implement but less accurate, the second variant is more complex, but gives better results. A new quality criterion is proposed in which the goal is to make the validation error and the model density as small as possible. Experiments showed that: (a) the use of sparse regression and/or particle swarm optimization can reduce the validation error and (b) the use of sparse regression may simplify the model by zeroing some of the coefficients.
Transmission studies of the newly described apple chlorotic fruit spot viroid using a combined RT-qPCR and droplet digital PCR approach
Authors: Leichtfried Thomas , Reisenzein Helga , Steinkellner Siegrid , Gottsberger Richard A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe transmission of the apscaviroid tentatively named apple chlorotic fruit spot viroid (ACFSVd) was investigated using a one-step reverse-transcription (RT) droplet digital PCR assay for absolute quantification of the viroid, followed by quantification of relative standard curves by RT-qPCR. Our results indicate that ACFSVd is effectively transmitted by grafting, budding and seeds. No transmission has yet been observed to the viroid-inoculated pome fruit species Pyrus sp. and Cydonia sp. ACFSVd was detected in viruliferous aphids (Myzus persicae, Dysaphis plantaginea) and in codling moths (Cydia pomonella). The viroid was also detected systemically in the infected hemiparasitic plant Viscum album subsp. album (mistletoe).
Vectorial transport of the arginine derivatives asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and l-homoarginine by OATP4C1 and P-glycoprotein studied in double-transfected MDCK cells
Authors: Taghikhani Emir , Maas Renke , Taudte R. Verena , Gessner Arne , Fromm Martin F. , König Jörg 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElevated plasma concentrations of the uremic toxin asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and low plasma concentrations of l-homoarginine are independently associated with cardiovascular events and mortality. Key enzymes involved in the homeostasis of both arginine derivatives are expressed in proximal tubule cells of the kidney. To get access to these enzymes, transport proteins are important. One of the transporters mediating the transport of ADMA and l-homoarginine is the solute carrier superfamily (SLC) member OATP4C1, located in the basolateral membrane of proximal tubule cells. To gain insights into the role of export pumps in the transport of both substances, we established a double-transfected MDCK cell line expressing OATP4C1 and the export pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Using MDCK cell monolayers, we demonstrated in time-dependent and concentration-dependent vectorial transport experiments that ADMA and l-homoarginine are transported from the basolateral to the apical compartment of MDCK-OATP4C1-P-gp cells with significantly higher transport rates compared to single-transfected MDCK-OATP4C1, MDCK-P-gp and MDCK-VC (control) cells (e.g. transport ratio MDCK-OATP4C1-P-gp/MDCK-VC: for 50 µM ADMA = 2.0-fold, for 50 µM l-homoarginine  = 3.4-fold). These results indicate that both OATP4C1 and P-gp transport the arginine derivatives ADMA and l-homoarginine and are, therefore, important for the homoeostasis of both substances.
Differential effects of BCG vaccine on immune responses induced by vi polysaccharide typhoid fever vaccination: an explorative randomized trial
Authors: Blok Bastiaan A. , Arts Rob J.W. , van Crevel Reinout , Aaby Peter , Joosten Leo A.B. , Benn Christine S. , Netea Mihai G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Vi polysaccharide typhoid fever vaccine (TFV) provides incomplete protection against typhoid fever. BCG, the vaccine against tuberculosis, can potentiate immune responses to other vaccines through induction of trained innate immunity and heterologous adaptive immunity. We performed an explorative, randomized, noncontrolled open trial to investigate whether BCG vaccination increases humoral and cellular response to TFV and whether BCG and TFV modulate nonspecific immune responses. Thirty volunteers were randomized to receive either TFV alone or BCG followed by TFV after 2 weeks. Ex vivo leukocyte responses and anti-Vi IgG antibody titers were measured 2 weeks and 3 months after TFV. BCG administration prior to TFV vaccination did not increase specific humoral or cellular immune responses to Salmonella typhi. TFV vaccination decreased pro-inflammatory responses to non-related stimuli. This effect was counteracted by prior BCG administration, which also led to decreased IL-10 and increased IL-22 responses to non-related stimuli. In an in vitro model of trained immunity TFV led to immunotolerance, which was partially reversed by BCG-induced trained immunity. BCG does not modulate adaptive immune responses to TFV but partially prevents inhibition of innate immune responses induced by TFV. Nonspecific effects of vaccines to unrelated microbial stimuli must be considered in the evaluation of their biological effects (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02175420).
Diagnosing Clostridioides difficile infections with molecular diagnostics: multicenter evaluation of revogene C. difficile assay
Authors:   revogene C. Difficile study group, Sambri Vittorio , Gateau Cécile , Zannoli Silvia , Dirani Giorgio , Couturier Jeanne , Op den Buijs Ingrid , Roymans René , Hallet Emma , Arnold Mihaela , Zumoberhaus Anja , Steiner Stanislava , van de Bovenkamp Jeroen , Altwegg Martin , Berlinger Livia , Barbut Frédéric 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClostridioides difficile infections are a significant threat to our healthcare system, and rapid and accurate diagnostics are crucial to implement the necessary infection prevention and control measurements. Nucleic acid amplification tests are such reliable diagnostic tools for the detection of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile strains directly from stool specimens. In this multicenter evaluation, we determined the performance of the revogene C. difficile assay. The analysis was conducted on prospective stool specimens collected from six different sites in Europe. The performance of the revogene C. difficile assay was compared to the different routine diagnostic methods and, for a subset of the specimens, against toxigenic culture. In total, 2621 valid stool specimens were tested, and the revogene C. difficile assay displayed a sensitivity/specificity of 97.1% [93.3–99.0] and 98.9% [98.5–99.3] for identification of Clostridioides difficile infection. Discrepancy analysis using additional methods improved this performance to 98.8% [95.8–99.9] and 99.6% [99.2–99.8], respectively. In comparison to toxigenic culture, the revogene C. difficile assay displayed a sensitivity/specificity of 93.0% [86.1–97.1] and 99.5% [98.7–99.9], respectively. These results indicate that the revogene C. difficile assay is a robust and reliable aid in the diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile infections.
Evaluation of EUCAST rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) for positive blood cultures in clinical practice using a total lab automation
Authors: Jasuja Jasmin Kaur , Zimmermann Stefan , Burckhardt Irene 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOur objective was to evaluate EUCAST’s ‘rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing’ (RAST) directly from positive blood culture that delivers antimicrobial results within 6 h for Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using total lab automation. Zone diameters from RAST were compared with MIC results. Furthermore, its influence on time to report was investigated. RAST was performed to all positive aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles by subculturing them, i.e. onto Mueller-Hinton agar and adding six antibiotic discs covering Gram-negative and Gram-positive therapy (cefoxitin, ampicillin, vancomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem and ciprofloxacin). RAST was automatically imaged after 6 h. Zone sizes were measured using a TLA software tool and interpreted according to EUCAST clinical breakpoints. Bacteria were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and MIC results were determined using Vitek2 panels. Categorial agreement between agar diffusion and MIC results was investigated. Additionally, time to RAST and time to Vitek were compared for 100 isolates (20 per species). Between November 2018 and April 2019, 3313 positive mono-bacterial blood culture bottles were collected of which 894 bottles with RAST-validated species were investigated. Among these bottles, 2029 individual antibiotic measurements were compared with MIC results from Vitek2 and 14 very major, 28 major and 12 minor errors were found. A median reduction of 17:30 h in time to report was observed. Introduction of RAST with automatic TLA imaging function could reduce time to report by 17:30 h. Excellent accordance between zone diameter and MIC results, particularly for cefoxitin, vancomycin and meropenem, was observed, but drawbacks due to ATU were seen.