bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights into transcriptional reprogramming during cellular stress
Authors: Himanen Samu V. , Sistonen Lea 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Cellular stress triggers reprogramming of transcription, which is required for the maintenance of homeostasis under adverse growth conditions. Stress-induced changes in transcription include induction of cyto-protective genes and repression of genes related to the regulation of the cell cycle, transcription and metabolism. Induction of transcription is mediated through the activation of stress-responsive transcription factors that facilitate the release of stalled RNA polymerase II and so allow for transcriptional elongation. Repression of transcription, in turn, involves components that retain RNA polymerase II in a paused state on gene promoters. Moreover, transcription during stress is regulated by a massive activation of enhancers and complex changes in chromatin organization. In this Review, we highlight the latest research regarding the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional reprogramming upon stress in the context of specific proteotoxic stress responses, including the heat-shock response, unfolded protein response, oxidative stress response and hypoxia response.
In vivo wear measurement in a modern total knee arthroplasty with model-based radiostereometric analysis
Authors: Gascoyne Trevor , Parashin Sara , Teeter Matthew , Bohm Eric , Laende Elise , Dunbar Michael , Turgeon Thomas 
Published: November 2019

Aims A retrospective study was conducted to measure short-term in vivo linear and volumetric wear of polyethylene (PE) inserts in 101 total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients using model-based radiostereometric analysis (MBRSA). Patients and Methods Nonweightbearing supine RSA exams were performed postoperatively and at six, 12, and 24 months. Weightbearing standing RSA exams were performed on select patients at 12 and 24 months. Wear was measured both linearly (joint space) and volumetrically (digital model overlap) at each available follow-up. Precision of both methods was assessed by comparing double RSA exams. Patient age, sex, body mass index, and Oxford Knee Scores were analyzed for any association with PE wear. Results Linear wear occurred at 0.015 mm/year (supine) and 0.220 mm/year (standing). Volumetric wear occurred at 10.3 mm3/year (supine) and 39.3 mm3/year (standing). Wear occurred primarily on the medial side of the joint. Weightbearing imaging greatly improved the reliability of measurement. Clinical precision of volumetric wear was 34 mm3. No significant associations were found between patient demographics or function scores and measured wear. Conclusion In vivo volumetric wear of TKAs can be assessed at short-term follow-up using MBRSA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1348–1355.
Antibiotic-loaded bone cement is associated with a lower risk of revision following primary cemented total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Jameson Simon S. , Asaad Asaad , Diament Marina , Kasim Adetatyo , Bigirumurame Theophile , Baker Paul , Mason James , Partington Paul , Reed Mike 
Published: November 2019

Aims Antibiotic-loaded bone cements (ALBCs) may offer early protection against the formation of bacterial biofilm after joint arthroplasty. Use in hip arthroplasty is widely accepted, but there is a lack of evidence in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of ALBC in a large population of TKA patients. Materials and Methods Data from the National Joint Registry (NJR) of England and Wales were obtained for all primary cemented TKAs between March 2003 and July 2016. Patient, implant, and surgical variables were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the influence of ALBC on risk of revision. Body mass index (BMI) data were available in a subset of patients. Results Of 731 214 TKAs, 15 295 (2.1%) were implanted with plain cement and 715 919 (97.9%) with ALBC. There were 13 391 revisions; 2391 were performed for infection. After adjusting for other variables, ALBC had a significantly lower risk of revision for any cause (hazard ratio (HR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77 to 0.93; p < 0.001). ALBC was associated with a lower risk of revision for all aseptic causes (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.95; p < 0.001) and revisions for infection (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.01; p = 0.06). The results were similar when BMI was added into the model, and in a subanalysis where surgeons using only ALBC over the entire study period were excluded. Prosthesis survival at ten years for TKAs implanted with ALBC was 96.3% (95% CI 96.3 to 96.4) compared with 95.5% (95% CI 95.0 to 95.9) in those implanted with plain cement. On a population level, where 100 000 TKAs are performed annually, this difference represents 870 fewer revisions at ten years in the ALBC group. Conclusion After adjusting for a range of variables, ALBC was associated with a significantly lower risk of revision in this registry-based study of an entire nation of primary cemented knee arthroplasties. Using ALBC does not appear to increase midterm implant failure rates. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1331–1347.
Knee Fix or Replace Trial (KFORT): a randomized controlled feasibility study
Authors: Hull Peter D. , Chou Daud T. S. , Lewis Sophie , Carrothers Andrew D. , Queally Joseph M. , Allison Annabel , Barton Gary , Costa Matthew L. 
Published: November 2019

Aims The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of conducting a full-scale, appropriately powered, randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing internal fracture fixation and distal femoral replacement (DFR) for distal femoral fractures in older patients. Patients and Methods Seven centres recruited patients into the study. Patients were eligible if they were greater than 65 years of age with a distal femoral fracture, and if the surgeon felt that they were suitable for either form of treatment. Outcome measures included the patients’ willingness to participate, clinicians’ willingness to recruit, rates of loss to follow-up, the ability to capture data, estimates of standard deviation to inform the sample size calculation, and the main determinants of cost. The primary clinical outcome measure was the EuroQol five-dimensional index (EQ-5D) at six months following injury. Results Of 36 patients who met the inclusion criteria, five declined to participate and eight were not recruited, leaving 23 patients to be randomized. One patient withdrew before surgery. Of the remaining patients, five (23%) withdrew during the follow-up period and six (26%) died. A 100% response rate was achieved for the EQ-5D at each follow-up point, excluding one missing datapoint at baseline. In the DFR group, the mean cost of the implant outweighed the mean cost of many other items, including theatre time, length of stay, and readmissions. For a powered RCT, a total sample size of 1400 would be required with 234 centres recruiting over three years. At six months, the EQ-5D utility index was lower in the DFR group. Conclusion This study found that running a full-scale trial in this country would not be feasible. However, it may be feasible to undertake an international multicentre trial, and our findings provide some guidance about the power of such a study, the numbers required, and some challenges that should be anticipated and addressed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1408–1415.
Surgical treatment of Vancouver type B periprosthetic femoral fractures
Authors: Chatziagorou Georgios , Lindahl Hans , Kärrholm Johan 
Published: November 2019

Aims We investigated patient characteristics and outcomes of Vancouver type B periprosthetic fractures treated with femoral component revision and/or osteosynthesis. Patients and Methods The study utilized data from the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register (SHAR) and information from patient records. We included all primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs) performed in Sweden since 1979, and undergoing further surgery due to Vancouver type B periprosthetic femoral fracture between 2001 and 2011. The primary outcome measure was any further reoperation between 2001 and 2013. Cross-referencing with the National Patient Register was performed in two stages, in order to identify all surgical procedures not recorded on the SHAR. Results Out of 1381 Vancouver type B fractures that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 257 underwent further reoperation by the end of 2013. Interprosthetic and Type B1 fractures had a higher risk for reoperation. For B1 fractures, the rate of reoperation did not differ (p = 0.322) after use of conventional (26%) or locking plate osteosynthesis (19%). No significant differences were observed between cemented, cementless monoblock, and cementless modular revision components for the treatment of type B2 and B3 fractures. Conclusion In this country-specific study, the choice of locking or conventional plates for the treatment of type B1, and cemented or cementless femoral components fixation for B2 and B3 fractures, had no significant influence on risk for reoperation. Interprosthetic fractures adversely affected the outcome of treatment of type B fractures. Differences in the patient characteristics of the compared groups were observed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1447–1458.
Reliable outcomes and survivorship of primary total knee arthroplasty for osteonecrosis of the knee
Authors: Chalmers Brian P. , Mehrotra Kapil G. , Sierra Rafael J. , Pagnano Mark W. , Taunton Michael J. , Abdel Matthew P. 
Published: November 2019

AimsKnee osteonecrosis in advanced stages may lead to joint degeneration. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteonecrosis has traditionally been associated with suboptimal results. We analyzed outcomes of contemporary TKAs for osteonecrosis, with particular emphasis on: survivorship free from aseptic loosening, any revision, and any reoperation plus the clinical outcomes, complications, and radiological results.Patients and MethodsIn total, 156 patients undergoing 167 primary TKAs performed for osteonecrosis between 2004 and 2014 at a single institution were reviewed. The mean age at index TKA was 61 years (14 to 93) and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 30 kg/m2(18 to 51) The mean follow-up was six years (2 to 12). A total of 110 TKAs (66%) were performed for primary osteonecrosis and 57 TKAs (34%) for secondary osteonecrosis. Overall, 15 TKAs (9%) had tibial stems, while 12 TKAs (7%) had femoral stems. Posterior-stabilized designs were used in 147 TKAs (88%) of TKAs. Bivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for revision and reoperation.ResultsSurvivorship free from aseptic loosening, any revision, and any reoperation at ten years was 97% (95% confidence interval (CI) 93 to 100), 93% (95% CI 85 to 100), and 82% (95% CI 69 to 93), respectively. No factors, including age, sex, BMI, primary versus secondary osteonecrosis, stem utilization, and constraint, were identified as risk factors for reoperation. Four TKAs (2%) underwent revision, most commonly for tibial aseptic loosening (n = 2). Excluding revisions and reoperations, there was a total of 11 complications (7%), with the most common being a manipulation under anaesthesia (six TKAs, 4%). Mean Knee Society Scores (Knee component) significantly improved from 57 (32 to 87) preoperatively to 91 (49 to 100) postoperatively (p < 0.001). No unrevised TKAs had complete radiolucent lines or radiological evidence of loosening.ConclusionContemporary cemented TKAs with selective stem utilization for osteonecrosis resulted in durable survivorship, a low complication rate, and reliable improvement in clinical outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1356–1361.
Predicting changes in the status of patient-reported outcome measures after Birmingham Hip Resurfacing
Authors: Harrison-Brown M. , Scholes C. , Ebrahimi M. , Field C. , Cordingley R. , Kerr D. , Farah S. , Kohan L. 
Published: November 2019

AimsIt is not known whether change in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) over time can be predicted by factors present at surgery, or early follow-up. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with changes in PROM status between two-year evaluation and medium-term follow-up.Patients and MethodsPatients undergoing Birmingham Hip Resurfacing completed the Veteran’s Rand 36 (VR-36), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Tegner Activity Score, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) at two years and a minimum of three years. A change in score was assessed against minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS) thresholds. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between patient factors and deterioration in PASS status between follow-ups.ResultsOverall, 18% of patients reported reductions in mHHS total score exceeding MCID, and 21% reported similar reductions for WOMAC function scores. Nonetheless, almost all patients remained above PASS thresholds for WOMAC function (98%) and mHHS (93%). Overall, 66% of patients with mHHS scores < PASS at two years reported scores > PASS at latest follow-up. Conversely, 6% of patients deteriorated from > PASS to < PASS between follow-ups. Multivariable modelling indicated body mass index (BMI) > 27 kg/m2, VR-36 Physical Component Score (PCS) < 51, VR-36 Mental Component Score (MCS) > 55, mHHS < 84 at two years, female sex, and bone graft use predicted these deteriorating patients with 79% accuracy and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84.ConclusionDue to largely acceptable results at a later follow-up, extensive monitoring of multiple PROMs is not recommended for Birmingham Hip Resurfacing patients unless they report borderline or unacceptable hip function at two years, are female, are overweight, or received a bone graft during surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1431–1437.
Posthypoxic encephalopathy in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: clinical, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging aspects
Authors: Portik O. A. , Tsarevskaya Yu. N. , Efimtsev A. Yu. , Alekseeva T. M. , Trufanov G. E. 
Published: November 2019

Posthypoxic encephalopathy is a frequent complication after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), which includes stroke, early postoperative delirium, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (PCD). The more pronounced prevalence and severity of the latter during surgery using extracorporeal circulation are currently being discussed.Objective: to analyze various types of cerebral dysfunction in patients undergoing CABG and to determine the role of perioperative factors in its development.Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 53 patients who had undergone elective CABG for coronary heart disease. Group 1 included 20 patients who had undergone beating-heart surgery; Group 2 comprised 33 patients, in whom CABG had been performed using extracorporeal circulation (ECC). Neuropsychological testing and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (structural and functional techniques) were carried out.Results and discussion. Posthypoxic encephalopathy was diagnosed in 10 and 67% of patients in Group 1 and 2, respectively (p=0.05); these were precisely all the three types of brain dysfunction which were observed in Group 2 patients. Factors, such as over 70 years of age; median level of education; smoking; body mass index >30 kg/m2 ; ejection fraction <50%; class III effort angina; >210-min surgery duration; >55-min aortic ligation; and >115-min ECC, showed a statistically significant association with the onset of PCD (p<0.05). In Group 2, MRI revealed a weaker positive functional relationship of the medial prefrontal cortex with the posterior cingulate gyrus (<0.005); 18% of patients were found to have acute ischemic zones.Conclusion. Surgical myocardial revascularization using ECC is associated with a greater likelihood of PCD than beating-heart CABG. The factors that favored the development of PCD, such as increased age, low preoperative cognitive status, smoking, and long-term use of ECC, were identified when applying ECC.
Mitochondrial genome and risk of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Boyko A. N. , Kozin M. S. , Osmak G. Zh. , Kulakova O. G. , Favorova O. O. 
Published: November 2019

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism makes a certain contribution to the formation of a genetic risk of multiple sclerosis (MS).Objective: to analyze the frequency of mtDNA variants in patients with MS and control individuals in the Russian population. A similar study was conducted for the first time.Patients and methods. The polymorphism of mtDNA was studied in the Russian population: in 283 unrelated patients with relapsing-remitting MS and in 290 unrelated healthy controls matched for gender and age.Results and discussion. The frequency of haplogroup J in the patients with MS was twice higher than that in the control group (p=0.0055) (odds ratio (OR) 2.00; 95% confidence interval (CI). 1.21–3.41). This association was mostly observed in women (p=0.0083) (OR 2.20; 95% CI, 1.19–4.03). There was also a significant association of the A allele of MT-ND5 (m. 13708G>A) with MS (p=0.03) (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.11–3.32). Sex stratification showed that the association with MS was significant only in women (p=0.009; OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.29–5.14). Further investigations will aim to analyze mtDNA variability (at the level of individual polymorphisms, haplogroups, and whole genome) in patients with relapsing-remitting MS and in those with primary progressive MS versus healthy individuals and patients with relapsing-remitting MS according to disease severity.Conclusion. The data obtained in the Russian population suggest that mtDNA variations are involved in MS risk, to a greater extent in women.
Treatment of patients with acute and subacute lumbodynia and lumbar ischialgia
Authors: Parfenov V. A. , Isaikin A. I. , Kuzminova T. I. , Chernenko O. A. , Milovanova O. V. , Romanova A. V. , Samkhaeva N. D. , Shor Yu. M. 
Published: November 2019

No effect of outpatient treatment is observed in some patients with acute nonspecific lumbodynia and lumbar ischialgia; therefore they are referred to pain management departments or centers for specialized examination and treatment.Objective: to study of the anatomical causes of pain and the efficiency of celecoxib (Dilaxa) treatment in patients with acute and subacute lumbodynia and lumbar ischialgia in the inpatient setting.Patients and methods. Eighty patients (47 women and 33 men; mean age, 51.0±15.3 years) with acute and subacute lumbodynia (n=11) or lumbar ischialgia (n=69) were followed up. Pain intensity was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS); functional limitation was rated according to the Roland–Morris scale (RMS). To reduce the intensity of pain syndrome, patients took oral celecoxib (Dilaxa) 200 mg twice daily. Therapeutic blockades with anesthetics and glucocorticoids were used in some cases of damage to the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) or facet joints (FJ). Patients were informed of the benign nature of the disease; they did therapeutic exercises.Results and discussion. The causes of pain were ascertained to be injuries of SIJ (48,8%), FJ and SIJ (18,8%), FJ (17,5%), herniated disc (10%), piriformis syndrome (2.5%), and piriformis syndrome and SIJ injury (2.5%). The duration of treatment averaged 11.0±2.4 days. By the end of the study, there was a clinically significant reduction in pain in 86% of patients. The treatment resulted in a 2.4-fold average reduction in pain intensity (from 7.0 to 2.9 VAS scores): a 4-fold reduction in patients with lumbodynia (from 6.4 to 1.6 scores) and a 2.3-fold one in those with lumbar ischialgia (from 7.1 to 3.1. scores); the degree of disability reduced by an average of 1.9 times (from 8.1 to 4.3 RMS scores): by 3.6 times (from 6.8 to 1.9 scores) and 1.9 (from 8,3 to 4,7 scores) times in patients with lumbodynia and in those with lumbar ischialgia, respectively. No adverse events were observed during the treatment period.Conclusion. There were high SIJ and FJ injury rates in subacute lumbar ischialgia. Celecoxib was noted to be highly effective and safe in treating acute and subacute lumbar ischialgia and lumbodynia.
Functional (psychosomatic) disorders in general medical practice
Authors: Romasenko L. V. , Makhov V. M. , Chichkova N. V. 
Published: November 2019

Objective: to identify psychosomatic and somatopsychic ratios in the clinical picture of disorders detected by internists as functional disorders (FD) of unexplainable or insufficiently explainable origin.Patients and methods. In 2000 to 2017, an internist and a psychiatrist in the Internal Medicine Clinic made a joint examination of 640 patients (175 men and 465 women; the mean age of those in cardiology practice was 27.52±9.03 years; that of those in gastroenterology practice was 42.44±17.2 years, and that of those in pulmonology practice was 40.20±11.4 years) with various risk factors (RFs), who had for many years exhausted the clinical picture of diseases: neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia (FD), hyperventilation syndrome (HVS), and thermoneurosis (TN) (a study group). A comparison group included 245 patients (81 men and 164 women; their mean age was 38.78±8.07 and 48.12±10.92 years, respectively) with verified somatic diseases: hypertension, duodenal ulcer, asthma, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The patients were examined using both clinical and paraclinical studies in accordance with the standards for the above diseases and applying psychopathological and psychometric tests.Results and discussion. A comparative interdisciplinary study established that the general medical practice patients with NCD, IBS, FD, HVS, and TN had two etiopathogenetically different clinical RFs: a) RF as the clinical essence of the current somatic disease and b) RF comorbid in certain psychopathological disorders: affective (F30–F39) (57.9%), neurotic (F40–F48) (27.1%), and schizotypic (F21) (15.0%). In the structure of complex psychosomatic syndromes that are often encountered in therapeutic practice, they represent the pivotal manifestations of disease, the adequate diagnosis of which is supposed to require cooperative interdisciplinary work.Conclusion. Thus, our long-term study that is based on a single interdisciplinary approach has allowed us to formulate a modern concept of unity of the clinical stereotype of development of psychosomatic syndromes.
Principle Differences between B2B and B2C Marketing Communication Processes
Authors: Rėklaitis Kęstutis , Pilelienė Lina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The scientific problem analysed in the article focuses on identifying the differences in the marketing communication process in a framework of business-to-consumer and business-to-business markets. The results show that although it may seem that the process itself is the same in both situations, however, it has many differences as well as many aspects in common.
Novel methods for monitoring the sludge dewatering operation of a belt filter: a mill study
Authors: Kuosa Markku , Kopra Riku 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
During recent decades the quality of pulp and paper mill sludge has changed. This has awakened the need for an applicable means to observe the sludge dewatering process diversely and accurately. To maximize the solids content and energy efficiency of board mill sludge dewatering, different process monitoring options were studied. Novel methods for monitoring the sludge dewatering operation of a belt filter were tested. Continuous run-time measurements and test response experiments were carried out at a board mill site. IR transmittance measurement through the filter web and sludge mat thickness measurement using a light curtain turned out to be very promising techniques. IR transmittance responded to the polymer content of the sludge without a notable time lag, while the solid content measurement of the filtrate did not give a measurable response.