bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wisdom
Authors: Kekes John 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This book develops and defends a humanistic conception of wisdom as a personal attitude that guides how we evaluate the possibilities and limits of life in the context in which we live. The attitude is formed of our beliefs, emotions, desires, evaluations, and experiences that make our inner life what it is. It is personal, pluralistic, and fallible. Its components differ from person to person and each may be mistaken. It is a wise attitude if it is based on a critical enough understanding of the reasons for and against its components; if its basic factual and evaluative assumptions are realistic; and if it involves a sufficiently reflective and deep understanding of the prevailing conditions, personal and social problems and possibilities, and of the strengths and weaknesses of the available evaluative resources. We all have some attitude of how we should live, but it is difficult to have a wise attitude. That is why wisdom is at once rare and precious because the sense we can make of our life depends on it. This humanistic conception of wisdom is personal, pluralistic, and fallible. It is a radical departure from traditional conceptions of wisdom understood as knowledge of the ideal of The Good that holds for everyone, always, everywhere. It is a conception that is personal, not theoretical; anthropocentric, not metaphysical; context-dependent, not universal; and humanistic, not scientific. The conception that emerges from this book is intended to be a contribution to philosophy as a humanistic discipline
Taxon-specific prey response to the invasion of a pelagic invertebrate predator, revealed by comparison of pre- and post-invasion time series
Authors: Einberg Heli , Klais-Peets Riina , Põllumäe Arno , Ojaveer Henn 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Quantification and attribution of the food web changes associated with the invasion of non-indigenous species in the marine realm often remain a challenge. One of the pelagic non-indigenous species of concern in the recent history of aquatic bioinvasions is the predatory cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi, which invaded the Baltic Sea in the early 1990s. While several studies have reported immediate declines in abundances of its potential prey, the long-term effects of C. pengoi on the food webs remain to be examined. Based on the long-term time series (1968–2018) in the Gulf of Riga (Baltic Sea), we found significant declines in abundance of the cladoceran Pleopis spp. and copepod Eurytemora affinis by 90 and 80%, respectively, are associated with the invasion of C. pengoi as well as significant alterations in seasonal abundance patterns of Pleopis spp., E. affinis and cladoceran Bosmina spp. The invasion of the non-indigenous predator has led to the changed prey abundance–temperature relationships. Special caution was taken in data preprocessing, to minimize the likelihood that observed changes in the zooplankton prey could be associated with factors other than the invasion of C. pengoi, such as temperature and storminess.
Health, spirituality and Covid-19: Themes and insights
Authors: del Castillo Fides A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Current researches reveal the intimate link between health and spirituality. Among vulnerable populations, spirituality serves a critical purpose in a person’s well-being. One of the many established values of spirituality is that it helps people to deal with major life stressors. This has become more pronounced as the world grapples with the challenges brought by the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper explores the themes and insights from recent scholarly articles on health and spirituality as well as highlights the importance of spiritual care to human well-being.
Personal protective equipment and infection prevention and control: a national survey of UK medical students and interim foundation doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Norton Emma Jane , Georgiou Ioannis , Fung Alex , Nazari Armin , Bandyopadhyay Soham , Saunders Kate E A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The adequacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) and infection prevention and control (IPC) training in UK medical students and interim Foundation Year 1 (FiY1) doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown, as is its impact on COVID-19-related anxiety.

Methods
Cross-sectional, multi-centre study analysing self-reported adequacy of PPE and IPC training and correlation to a modified pandemic anxiety scale. Participants were current medical students and FiY1 doctors in the UK. Data were collected by an online survey.

Results
Participants reported that they received insufficient PPE information (43%) and IPC training (56%). Significantly, fewer participants identifying as women or BAME/mixed ethnicity reported receiving sufficient PPE information, compared with those identifying as men and White British/White Other, respectively. COVID-19-related anxiety was significantly higher in those without sufficient reported PPE or IPC training, in women compared with men, and in FiY1 doctors compared with medical students.

Conclusions
With medical students currently volunteering in and imminently returning to hospitals in an educational capacity, levels of self-reported PPE and IPC training are sub-optimal. Better training is paramount to avoid harm to patients and healthcare professionals and to reduce COVID-19-related anxiety among medical students and FiY1 doctors.
Acquired low immunoglobulin levels and risk of clinically relevant infection in adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cohort study
Authors: Almaghlouth Ibrahim , Su Jiandong , Johnson Sindhu R , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Gladman Dafna , Urowitz Murray 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveInfection is a leading cause of death in the SLE population. Low immunoglobulin levels might be a potential risk for infection. We aimed to assess whether acquired low levels of any type of immunoglobulin increase the risk of clinically relevant infection in adult patients with SLE.MethodsWe compared adult SLE patients who had acquired any low immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgM or IgG) for 2 years with patients with normal or high levels with respect to clinically relevant infection (defined as infections requiring intravenous or oral antibiotics) in a prospective cohort study. Group balance was achieved using propensity score adjustment, matching and inverse probability weighting. Primary analysis was time to event using Cox-regression modelling adjusting for potential confounders. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine several exposure and outcome definitions.ResultsPatients with hypogammaglobulinaemia had longer disease duration, more lupus nephritis history, higher proteinuria and more accumulated damage. Low IgA level was associated with increased risk of clinically relevant infection [hazard ratio (HR): 2.24, 95% CI: 1.61, 3.12] while low IgG (HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.84, 1.59) or low IgM (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.23) was not. Low immunoglobulin recovery in the first year was 2.5% (11), second year 8.2% (36), third year 10.1% (44) and fourth year 18.4% (80), and 60% (263) of acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia recovered over 4 years.ConclusionThe majority of acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia in adult patients with SLE is transient. Only low acquired IgA was associated with increased risk of infection among adult patients with SLE. Whether immunoglobulin replacement provides additional protective effect requires further investigation.
Response to placebo in non-renal, non-neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and pooled analysis
Authors: Tselios Konstantinos , Wakani Laura , Gladman Dafna D , Su Jiandong , Urowitz Murray B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Most randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in SLE have failed to reach their respective end points, with the rates of response to placebo (plus standard-of-care treatment) being unexpectedly high. The aim of this systematic review was to quantify the response to placebo in non-renal, non-neuropsychiatric lupus.

Methods
The PubMed database was searched (from 2000 to December 2019) for phase II/III RCTs assessing the efficacy and safety of biologics in non-renal, non-neuropsychiatric SLE. Data on the efficacy and safety of the placebo-treated patients were collected in a pre-established data retrieval form. Descriptive statistics were used.

Results
A total of 24 RCTs (n = 11128 in total) were included. Placebo-treated patients (n = 3899) were mostly females (93.5%), Caucasians (60.2%), of mean age 39.7 years, and having a mean disease duration of 7.4 years. Their mean initial SLEDAI 2000 was 10.4, whereas 60.5% had positive anti-dsDNA antibodies, 41.9% low C3 and 35.6% low C4 at randomization. Standard-of-care treatment included glucocorticosteroids in 85.9%, antimalarials in 72.8% and immunosuppressives in 48.5%. The response to placebo was 36.2% for the primary end point (as defined in each study), 39.8% for the SLE Responder Index-4 (SRI-4), 29.2% for SRI-5, 28.4% for SRI-6 and 30.9% for BILAG-based Combined Lupus Assessment response. Regarding safety, there were serious adverse events in 16.3% of patients, serious infections in 5.5% and malignancies in 0.3%, and death occurred in 0.56% of patients.

Conclusion
More than one-third of the placebo-treated patients achieved their respective primary end points in RCTs with biologics in non-renal, non-neuropsychiatric SLE. The response rate was higher for certain end points, such as the SRI-4, while it decreased with more stringent end points.
Differing time-orders of inflammation decrease between ACPA subsets in RA patients suggest differences in underlying inflammatory pathways
Authors: Matthijssen Xanthe M E , Niemantsverdriet Ellis , Le Cessie Saskia , van der Helm-van Mil Annette H M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesAdvanced imaging modalities have shown that not only joints but also bones and tendon sheaths can be inflamed at diagnosis of RA. We aimed to better understand the time-order in which the inflamed tissues respond to DMARD treatment. Also, because ACPA status may reflect a different pathophysiology, differences in time-order of inflammation decrease were hypothesized between these disease types.MethodsA total of 216 consecutive patients presenting with RA (n = 176) or undifferentiated arthritis (n = 40), who all started with conventional synthetic DMARD treatment, were studied. 1.5T contrast-enhanced hand and foot MRIs were performed before treatment and after 4, 12 and 24 months. Cross-lagged models evaluated the influence of two time patterns: a simultaneous pattern (‘change in one inflammatory feature associated with change in another feature’) and a subsequent pattern (‘change in one inflammatory feature preceded change in another feature’). ACPA stratification was performed.ResultsThe median symptom duration at presentation was 13 weeks. Forty-four percent of patients was ACPA-positive. All pairs of inflammatory features decreased simultaneously in all time intervals (0–4/4–12/12–24 months; P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, time-orders were identified: synovitis decrease preceded tenosynovitis decrease (0–4 to &gt;4–12 months; P = 0.02 and 4–12 to &gt;12–24 months; P = 0.03). Largely similar results were obtained in both ACPA subgroups. Additionally, in ACPA-positive but not ACPA-negative patients, synovitis decrease preceded osteitis decrease (4–12 to &gt;12–24 moths; P = 0.002).ConclusionThis study increased the understanding of the response to treatment on the tissue level. In addition to simultaneous decrease of inflammation, synovitis decrease preceded tenosynovitis decrease. Differences in time-order of inflammation decrease between ACPA subgroups suggest differences in underlying inflammatory pathways.
Persistent premature mortality gap in dermatomyositis and polymyositis: a United Kingdom general population-based cohort study
Authors: D’Silva Kristin M , Li Lingyi , Lu Na , Ogdie Alexis , Avina-Zubieta J Antonio , Choi Hyon K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
DM and PM are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. We aimed to examine recent trends.

Methods
Using The Health Improvement Network, we identified patients with incident DM/PM (defined by ≥1 Read diagnosis code) aged 18–89 years with ≥1 year of continuous enrolment prior to the cohort entry date and up to 10 comparators matched on age, sex and entry year. The cohort was divided in two based on the year of DM/PM diagnosis: the early cohort (1999–2006) and late cohort (2007–2014). We calculated multivariable hazard ratios (HR) for death using a Cox-proportional hazards model and multivariable rate differences (RD) using an additive hazard model.

Results
We identified 410 DM cases (mean age: 58 years, 66% female) and 407 PM cases (mean age: 59 years, 61% female). Both DM cohorts had excess mortality compared with the comparison cohorts (71.5 vs 12.9 deaths/1000 person-years [PY] in the early cohort and 49.1 vs 10.4 deaths/1000 PY in the late cohort). The multivariable HRs were 7.51 (95% CI: 4.20, 13.42) in the early cohort and 5.42 (95% CI: 3.11, 9.45) in the late cohort (P-value for interaction = 0.59), and multivariable RDs were 56.2 (95% CI: 31.8, 81.2) in the early cohort and 36.3 (95% CI: 19.6, 53.0) in the late cohort (P-value for interaction = 0.15). A similar trend existed in PM.

Conclusion
The premature mortality gap in DM/PM has not considerably improved in recent years, highlighting an unmet need for therapeutic improvement.
Race, Religious Tradition, and Environmental Conservation
Authors: Brown R Khari , Brown Ronald E , Kaiser Angela 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Using four national probability studies between the years 2010 and 2015, this study examines how religious beliefs help explain American support for or opposition to governmental efforts to protect the environment. We do so by investigating how race moderates this relationship. We find that religious beliefs associate with and likely inform the environmental policy attitudes of non-Hispanic Whites. We have less evidence that the same holds true for Hispanics and Blacks.
Systematics of the Neotropical spider genera Jalapyphantes and Selenyphantes and the circumscription of the Pocobletus clade (Araneae: Linyphiidae)
Authors: da Silva Moreira Thiago , Hormiga Gustavo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We have revised the linyphiid genera Jalapyphantes and Selenyphantes. Jalapyphantes now includes five species, one of them new (J. tricolor sp. nov.). Selenyphantes now consists of six species of which five are new (S. costaricensis sp. nov., S. gaimani sp. nov., S. iztactepetl sp. nov., S. orizabae sp. nov. and S. volcanicus sp. nov.). To infer the phylogenetic position of Jalapyphantes and Selenyphantes, we analysed nucleotide sequence data from five markers (16S,18S, 28S, COI and histone H3) combined with morphological and behavioural data. Both genera are monophyletic and sister to each other. Both Jalapyphantes and Selenyphantes are included within the newly circumscribed Pocobletus clade, which includes all known species of Pocobletus plus several undescribed species. Pocobletus has nomenclatural priority over the junior synonyms Exechopsis, Exocora and Graphomoa.
Early Amniotomy After Cervical Ripening for Induction of Labor: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: De Vivo Valentino , Carbone Luigi , Saccone Gabriele , Magoga Giulia , De Vivo Generoso , Locci Mariavittoria , Zullo Fulvio , Berghella Vincenzo 
Published: September 2020

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020;222(4):320–329)
Induction of labor (IOL) is performed in approximately 20% of pregnant women in the Unites States. For induction, amniotomy, an artificial rupture of membranes to stimulate contractions, can be performed during vaginal examination and does not require anesthesia.
Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: One Step Versus Two Step Approach. A Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Saccone Gabriele , Khalifeh Adeeb , Al-Kouatly Huda B. , Sendek Kerri , Berghella Vincenzo 
Published: September 2020

(Abstracted from J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020;33(9):1616–1624)
There has been controversy on how to best screen for and diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). On the one hand, organizations such as the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics recommend the 1-step approach.
Twin Pregnancy With Two Live Fetuses at 11–13 Weeks: Effect of One Fetal Death on Pregnancy Outcome
Authors: Cimpoca B. , Syngelaki A. , Mu A. Chi , Savvoulidou E. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: September 2020

(Abstracted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020;55:482–488)
Monochorionic (MC) and dichorionic (DC) twin pregnancies have been associated with higher rates of fetal loss, perinatal death, and early preterm birth. A previous systematic review of 16 studies reported that the risk of death of the cotwin in pregnancies with a single fetal death was 13.4% in 149 MC and 3.0% in 166 DC pregnancies.
Antimullerian Hormone and Impending Menopause in Late Reproductive Age: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation
Authors: Finkelstein Joel S. , Lee Hang , Karlamangla Arun , Neer Robert M. , Sluss Patrick M. , Burnett-Bowie Sherri-Ann M. , Darakananda Karin , Donahoe Patricia K. , Harlow Sioban D. , Prizand Sarah H. , Joffe Hadine , Kumar Ajay , Martin Deborah E. , McConnell Daniel , Merrilat Steffenie , Morrison Anthony , Pastore Lisa M. , Randolph John F. , Greendale Gail A. , Santoro Nanette 
Published: September 2020

(Abstracted from J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020;105(4):e1862–e1871)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a widely used biomarker of ovarian age and indirectly of ovarian reserve; however, it has significant limitations. Antimullerian hormone (AMH) provides a more direct index of ovarian activity and remains at a stable level throughout the menstrual cycle, unlike FSH, allowing measurement at any time without affecting interpretation.
Circulating tumor DNA in lung cancer: real-time monitoring of disease evolution and treatment response
Authors: Li Rui-Yu , Liang Zhi-Yong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of all cancer-related deaths. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is released from apoptotic and necrotic tumor cells. Several sensitive techniques have been invented and adapted to quantify ctDNA genomic alterations. Applications of ctDNA in lung cancer include early diagnosis and detection, prognosis prediction, detecting mutations and structural alterations, minimal residual disease, tumor mutational burden, and tumor evolution tracking. Compared to surgical biopsy and radiographic imaging, the advantages of ctDNA are that it is a non-invasive procedure, allows real-time monitoring, and has relatively high sensitivity and specificity. Given the massive research on non-small cell lung cancer, attention should be paid to small cell lung cancer.
A Direct Injection Technique to Improve Biosafety to Analyze Levetiracetam Concentrations in Human Serum and Its Application in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Authors: Dong Wei-chong , Guo Jia-liang , Yang Xiu-ling , Wang Shu-mei , Yuan Ye , Zhao Meng-qiang , Jiang Ye , Zhang Zhi-qing 
Published: September 2020

Background:
With the outbreak of COVID-19, it has become very important to improve biosafety measures taken by medical staff. Fewer pretreatment steps correspond to lower chances of infection. The authors established a direct injection technique to analyze levetiracetam (LEV) concentrations in human serum and studied its application in therapeutic drug monitoring.

Methods:
Serum samples were prepared by hollow fiber centrifugal ultrafiltration and the filtrate was directly injected into a ultra-high performance liquid chromatography apparatus (Waters UPLC BEH C18 column: 50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) for analysis. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water (8:92) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was maintained at 30°C. The detected wavelength was 210 nm.

Results:
A linear relationship was obtained for LEV from 0.625 to 80 mcg/mL (r
2 = 0.999). The limit of detection for the analysis of LEV was 0.125 mcg/mL. The analysis time was shortened to 4 minutes. The recovery rate of LEV based on the current method was 96.6%–100.1%, whereas the absolute recovery rate was 93.2%–96.8%. The relative SD of intraday and interday precision was <7.3%. Stability was achieved at room temperature for 24 hours after 3 freeze–thaw cycles and at −80°C for 21 days. The method was successfully applied to determine LEV concentrations in the serum of 19 patients.

Conclusions:
The present method is simple, accurate, and sensitive, and can improve biosafety with the direct injection technique. It is suitable for the analysis of LEV concentrations in therapeutic drug monitoring.
Oral Glutathione and Growth in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Bozic Molly , Goss Christopher H. , Tirouvanziam Rabindra M. , Baines Arthur , Kloster Margaret , Antoine Liebe , Borowitz Drucy , Schwarzenberg Sarah Jane ,   GROW study group
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The nutritional status of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with mortality and morbidity. Intestinal inflammation may contribute to impaired digestion, absorption, and nutrient utilization in patients with CF and oral glutathione may reduce inflammation, promoting improved nutritional status in patients with CF.Methods:The GROW study was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, phase II clinical trial in pancreatic insufficient patients with CF between the ages of 2 and 10 years. Patients received reduced glutathione or placebo orally daily for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was the difference in change in weight‐for‐age z‐scores from baseline through week 24 between treatment groups. Secondary endpoints included other anthropometrics, serum, and fecal inflammatory markers in addition to other clinical outcomes.Results:Fifty‐eight participants completed the study. No significant differences were seen between glutathione (n = 30) and placebo (n = 28) groups in the 6‐month change in weight‐for‐age z‐score (−0.08; 95% CI: −0.22 to 0.06; P = 0.25); absolute change in weight (kg) (−0.18; 95% CI: −0.55 to 0.20; P = 0.35); or absolute change in BMI kg/m2 (−0.06; 95% CI: −0.37 to 0.25; P = 0.69). There were no significant differences in other secondary endpoints. Overall, glutathione was safe and well tolerated.Conclusions:Oral glutathione supplementation did not impact growth or change serum or fecal inflammatory markers in pancreatic insufficient children with CF when compared with placebo.