bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexural band gaps and response attenuation of periodic piping systems enhanced with localized and distributed resonators
Authors: Iqbal Mohd , Jaya Mahesh Murugan , Bursi Oreste Salvatore , Kumar Anil , Ceravolo Rosario 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNovel metamaterial concepts can be used to economically reduce flexural vibrations in coupled pipe-rack systems. Here, we model pipe on flexible supports as periodic systems and formulate dispersion relations using Floquet-Bloch theory which is verified by a finite element model. Owing to the flexibility of the coupled system, a narrow pass band is created in low frequency regime, in contrast to the case of pipe without any rack. Two types of vibration reduction mechanisms are investigated for pipe with different supports, i.e. simple and elastic support. In order to tune the band gap behaviour, lateral localized resonators are attached at the centre of each unit cell; conversely, the lateral distributed resonators are realized with a secondary pipe existing in the system. The results reveal that both Bragg and resonance type band gaps coexist in piping systems due to the presence of spatial periodicity and local resonance. Although, the response attenuation of a coupled pipe-rack system with distributed resonators is found to be little lower than the case with the localized one, the relatively low stiffness and damping values lead to cheaper solutions. Therefore, the proposed concept of distributed resonators represents a promising application in piping, power and process industries.
Distinct structure-function relationships across cortical regions and connectivity scales in the rat brain
Authors: Straathof Milou , Sinke Michel R. T. , Roelofs Theresia J. M. , Blezer Erwin L. A. , Sarabdjitsingh R. Angela , van der Toorn Annette , Schmitt Oliver , Otte Willem M. , Dijkhuizen Rick M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn improved understanding of the structure-function relationship in the brain is necessary to know to what degree structural connectivity underpins abnormal functional connectivity seen in disorders. We integrated high-field resting-state fMRI-based functional connectivity with high-resolution macro-scale diffusion-based and meso-scale neuronal tracer-based structural connectivity, to obtain an accurate depiction of the structure-function relationship in the rat brain. Our main goal was to identify to what extent structural and functional connectivity strengths are correlated, macro- and meso-scopically, across the cortex. Correlation analyses revealed a positive correspondence between functional and macro-scale diffusion-based structural connectivity, but no significant correlation between functional connectivity and meso-scale neuronal tracer-based structural connectivity. Zooming in on individual connections, we found strong functional connectivity in two well-known resting-state networks: the sensorimotor and default mode network. Strong functional connectivity within these networks coincided with strong short-range intrahemispheric structural connectivity, but with weak heterotopic interhemispheric and long-range intrahemispheric structural connectivity. Our study indicates the importance of combining measures of connectivity at distinct hierarchical levels to accurately determine connectivity across networks in the healthy and diseased brain. Although characteristics of the applied techniques may affect where structural and functional networks (dis)agree, distinct structure-function relationships across the brain could also have a biological basis.
Facile synthesis of hydrophilic magnetic graphene nanocomposites via dopamine self-polymerization and Michael addition for selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides
Authors: Bi Changfen , Yuan Ye , Tu Yuran , Wu Jiahui , Liang Yulu , Li Yiliang , He Xiwen , Chen Langxing , Zhang Yukui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe development of methods to effectively capture N-glycopeptides from the complex biological samples is crucial to N-glycoproteome profiling. Herein, the hydrophilic chitosan–functionalized magnetic graphene nanocomposites (denoted as Fe3O4-GO@PDA-Chitosan) were designed and synthesized via a simple two-step modification (dopamine self-polymerization and Michael addition). The Fe3O4-GO@PDA-Chitosan nanocomposites exhibited good performances with low detection limit (0.4 fmol·μL−1), good selectivity (mixture of bovine serum albumin and horseradish peroxidase tryptic digests at a molar ration of 10:1), good repeatability (4 times), high binding capacity (75 mg·g−1). Moreover, Fe3O4-GO@PDA-Chitosan nanocomposites were further utilized to selectively enrich glycopeptides from human renal mesangial cell (HRMC, 200 μg) tryptic digest, and 393 N-linked glycopeptides, representing 195 different glycoproteins and 458 glycosylation sites were identified. This study provides a feasible strategy for the surface functionalized novel materials for isolation and enrichment of N-glycopeptides.
T-type, but not L-type, voltage-gated calcium channels are dispensable for lymphatic pacemaking and spontaneous contractions
Authors: To Kim H. T. , Gui Peichun , Li Min , Zawieja Scott D. , Castorena-Gonzalez Jorge A. , Davis Michael J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe spontaneous contractions of collecting lymphatic vessels provide an essential propulsive force to return lymph centrally. These contractions are driven by an intrinsic electrical pacemaker, working through an unknown underlying ionic mechanism that becomes compromised in some forms of lymphedema. In previous studies, T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) were implicated in this pacemaking mechanism, based on the effects of the reputedly selective T-type VGCC inhibitors mibefradil and Ni2+. Our goal was to test this idea in a more definitive way using genetic knock out mice. First, we demonstrated through both PCR and immunostaining that mouse lymphatic muscle cells expressed Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 and produced functional T-type VGCC currents when patch clamped. We then employed genetic deletion strategies to selectively test the roles of each T-type VGCC isoform in the regulation of lymphatic pacemaking. Surprisingly, global deletion of either, or both, isoform(s) was without significant effect on either the frequency, amplitude, or fractional pump flow of lymphatic collectors from two different regions of the mouse, studied ex vivo. Further, both WT and Cav3.1−/−; 3.2−/− double knock-out lymphatic vessels responded similarly to mibefradil and Ni2+, which substantially reduced contraction amplitudes and slightly increased frequencies at almost all pressures in both strains: a pattern consistent with inhibition of L-type rather than T-type VGCCs. Neither T-type VGCC isoform was required for ACh-induced inhibition of contraction, a mechanism by which those channels in smooth muscle are thought to be targets of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Sharp intracellular electrode measurements in lymphatic smooth muscle revealed only subtle, but not significant, differences in the resting membrane potential and action potential characteristics between vessels from wild-type and Cav3.1−/−; 3.2−/− double knock-out mice. In contrast, smooth-muscle specific deletion of the L-type VGCC, Cav1.2, completely abolished all lymphatic spontaneous contractions. Collectively our results suggest that, although T-type VGCCs are expressed in mouse lymphatic smooth muscle, they do not play a significant role in modulating the frequency of the ionic pacemaker or the amplitude of spontaneous contractions. We conclude that the effects of mibefradil and Ni2+ in other lymphatic preparations are largely or completely explained by off-target effects on L-type VGCCs, which are essential for controlling both the frequency and strength of spontaneous contractions.
Comparison of clinical outcomes between laparoscopic and open surgery for left-sided colon cancer: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Huang Yu-Min , Lee Yuan-Wen , Huang Yan-Jiun , Wei Po-Li 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe role of laparoscopic surgery for left-sided colon cancer has been supported by the results of randomized controlled trials. However, its benefits and disadvantages in the real world setting should be further assessed with population-based studies.The hospitalization data of patients undergoing open or laparoscopic surgery for left-sided colon cancer were sourced from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Patient and hospital characteristics and perioperative outcomes including length of hospital stay, operation time, opioid use, blood transfusion, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and use of mechanical ventilation were compared. The overall survival was also assessed. Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery had shorter hospital stay (p < 0.0001) and less demand for opioid analgesia (p = 0.0005). Further logistic regression revealed that patients undergoing open surgery were 1.70, 2.89, and 3.00 times more likely to have blood transfusion, to be admitted to ICU, and to use mechanical ventilation than patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Operations performed in medical centers were also associated with less adverse events. The overall survival was comparable between the 2 groups.With adequate hospital quality and volume, laparoscopic surgery for left-sided colon cancer was associated with improved perioperative outcomes. The long-term survival was not compromised.
APOE ε4 Modifies Effect of Residential Greenness on Cognitive Function among Older Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis in China
Authors: Zhu Anna , Yan Lijing , Shu Chang , Zeng Yi , Ji John S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe tested whether the protective effects of residential greenness on cognitive function differ by APOE ε4 status by using the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). We calculated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using 500 m radii around residential addresses to measure greenness, and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to assess cognitive function. We dichotomized the participants into APOE non-ε4 carriers, and APOE ε4 carriers. We applied the generalized estimating equations (GEE) to examine the association between baseline annual average NDVI, APOE ε4 carrier status, and cognitive impairment. Among 6,994 participants, 19.30% were APOE ε4 carriers. Compared to APOE ε4 non-carriers, the APOE ε4 carriers had a 15% higher odds of cognitive impairment (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.26). There was an age difference; the protective effect of residential greenness (the highest vs. lowest quartile) on cognitive impairment was observed among the non-ε4 carriers (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.95), but not among the ε4 carriers (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.74, 1.34). However, the interaction term between annual average NDVI and APOE ε4 status was not significant (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.11). The protective effects of residential greenness on cognitive function differed by APOE ε4 status, which elucidated possible gene-environment interaction mechanisms in which residential greenness may benefit health.
A combined computational and experimental strategy identifies mutations conferring resistance to drugs targeting the BCR-ABL fusion protein
Authors: Liu Jinxin , Pei Jianfeng , Lai Luhua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDrug resistance is of increasing concern, especially during the treatments of infectious diseases and cancer. To accelerate the drug discovery process in combating issues of drug resistance, here we developed a computational and experimental strategy to predict drug resistance mutations. Using BCR-ABL as a case study, we successfully recaptured the clinically observed mutations that confer resistance imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib. We then experimentally tested the predicted mutants in vitro. We found that although all mutants showed weakened binding strength as expected, the binding constants alone were not a good indicator of drug resistance. Instead, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was shown to be a good indicator of the incidence of the predicted mutations, together with change in catalytic efficacy. Our suggested strategy for predicting drug-resistance mutations includes the computational prediction and in vitro selection of mutants with increased IC50values beyond the drug safety window.
Hyperglycemia compromises Rat Cortical Bone by Increasing Osteocyte Lacunar Density and Decreasing Vascular Canal Volume
Authors: Ay Birol , Parolia Kushagra , Liddell Robert S. , Qiu Yusheng , Grasselli Giovanni , Cooper David M. L. , Davies John E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUncontrolled diabetes is associated with increased risk of bony fractures. However, the mechanisms have yet to be understood. Using high-resolution synchrotron micro-CT, we calculated the changes in the microstructure of femoral cortices of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic (STZ) Wistar Albino rats and tested the mechanical properties of the mineralized matrix by nanoindentation. Total lacunar volume of femoral cortices increased in STZ group due to a 9% increase in lacunar density. However, total vascular canal volume decreased in STZ group due to a remarkable decrease in vascular canal diameter (7 ± 0.3 vs. 8.5 ± 0.4 µm). Osteocytic territorial matrix volume was less in the STZ group (14,908 ± 689 µm3) compared with healthy controls (16,367 ± 391 µm3). In conclusion, hyperglycemia increased cellularity and lacunar density, decreased osteocyte territorial matrix, and reduced vascular girth, in addition to decreasing matrix mechanical properties in the STZ group when compared with euglycemic controls.
Simple man model in the Heisenberg picture
Authors: Ivanov I. A. , Kim Kyung Taec 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDescribing the ionization of an atom exposed to a strong laser field entails computationally expensive quantum simulations based on the numerical solutions of the time-dependent Shrödinger equation. The well-known Simple Man Model provides a qualitatively accurate description of the ionization process. Here, we propose a quantum generalization of the physical picture given by the Simple Man Model. We describe an approximate solution to the Heisenberg operator equations of motion for an atom in a laser field. We provide justification of this generalization and test its validity by applying it to calculate the coordinate and velocity autocorrelation functions. Both our model and results of the ab initio numerical calculations show distinct types of correlations due to different types of electron’s motion providing insight into the strong field ionization dynamics.
Insights into the Cnx1E catalyzed MPT-AMP hydrolysis
Authors: Hercher Thomas W. , Krausze Joern , Hoffmeister Sven , Zwerschke Dagmar , Lindel Thomas , Blankenfeldt Wulf , Mendel Ralf R. , Kruse Tobias 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Molybdenum insertases (Mo-insertases) catalyze the final step of molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis, an evolutionary old and highly conserved multi-step pathway. In the first step of the pathway, GTP serves as substrate for the formation of cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate, which is subsequently converted into molybdopterin (MPT) in the second pathway step. In the following synthesis steps, MPT is adenylated yielding MPT-AMP that is subsequently used as substrate for enzyme catalyzed molybdate insertion. Molybdate insertion and MPT-AMP hydrolysis are catalyzed by the Mo-insertase E-domain. Earlier work reported a highly conserved aspartate residue to be essential for Mo-insertase functionality. In this work, we confirmed the mechanistic relevance of this residue for the Arabidopsis thaliana Mo-insertase Cnx1E. We found that the conservative substitution of Cnx1E residue Asp274 by Glu (D274E) leads to an arrest of MPT-AMP hydrolysis and hence to the accumulation of MPT-AMP. We further showed that the MPT-AMP accumulation goes in hand with the accumulation of molybdate. By crystallization and structure determination of the Cnx1E variant D274E, we identified the potential reason for the missing hydrolysis activity in the disorder of the region spanning amino acids 269 to 274. We reasoned that this is caused by the inability of a glutamate in position 274 to coordinate the octahedral Mg2+-water complex in the Cnx1E active site.
Zeitmanagement der operativen Therapie – was wird wann operiert?
Authors: Bernstorff Maria Alexandra , Hamsen Uwe , Waydhas Christian 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDie adäquate Versorgung eines polytraumatisierten Patienten ist nach wie vor eine individualisierte und anspruchsvolle Aufgabe. Die ersten Entscheidungen sollten nach dem Leitsatz: „Treat first, what kills first“ getroffen worden. An dieser Stelle gibt es wenig Raum für freie Entscheidungen. Schwierig wird es dann im Nachgang zu beurteilen, ab wann ein Patient für definitive Operationen von Frakturen operationsfähig ist. Hier wird immer mehr eine möglichst frühzeitige endgültige Versorgung angestrebt, um den Patienten schnellstmöglich mobilisieren zu können, das Risiko für Folgekomplikationen zu minimieren und generell die Intensivzeit zu verkürzen. Grundsätzlich gilt, stammnahe Frakturen werden zuerst versorgt (Wirbelsäule und Beckenring), danach die großen Röhrenknochen der Extremitäten (Oberarm/Oberschenkel) und anschließend dann die weiteren Frakturen. Die Behandlung der gleichzeitig bestehenden Weichteilverletzungen (offen > Kompartment > geschlossen) nehmen hier einen besonderen Stellenwert ein. Eine Sonderstellung nehmen Wirbelsäulenverletzungen mit und ohne Rückmarkläsionen ein. Neuere Studien belegen, dass das neurologische Outcome eines Patienten bei frühzeitiger (unter 24 Stunden, nach Möglichkeit sogar unter 8 Stunden) Versorgung signifikant besser ist, sofern eine Operabilität besteht.
Intraoperative Vorbereitungen und Tischaufbau
Authors: Zander Sabine 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungWieso die Sterilzone unbedingt eingehalten werden sollte, warum die Händedesinfektion Leben retten kann, wie sich der Instrumentierende steril ankleidet und welche Aufgaben der Springer erfüllt, erfahren Sie im 3. Teil unserer Serie.
Wann sollten wir Patienten postoperativ verlegen?
Authors: Ries Gisler Tobias , Barandun Schäfer Ursi , Morgenthaler Beuttenmüller Nadine , Borer Katharina , Pretto Manuela 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungPflegende in einem Aufwachraum bewegen sich im Spannungsfeld zwischen den Bedürfnissen der Patienten und den Anforderungen des operativen Bereichs sowie der weiterbehandelnden Bettenstationen. Patienten rechtzeitig zu verlegen, ist aus organisatorischen und ökonomischen Gründen zwingend, birgt aber auch gewisse Risiken. Um die Patientensicherheit zu erhöhen und die Verlegungsreife systematisch einzuschätzen, stellen die Autoren postoperative Kriterien vor.
„Ach, was Sie nicht sagen“
Authors: Hertlein Margit 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungMenschen sind verschieden – zum Glück. Was dem einen Spaß macht, empfindet der andere als gähnend langweilig – und trotzdem arbeiten sie mitunter im selben Beruf. Mehr über menschliche Unterschiede und wie Sie diese gezielt im Team einsetzen können.
Differenzialtherapie nicht-invasive Beatmung – nasale High-Flow-Therapie
Authors: Bräunlich J. , Wirtz H. 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDer nasale High-Flow führt zu einer stabilen Sauerstoffzufuhr bei der akuten hypoxämischen respiratorischen Insuffizienz, reduziert die Atmungsarbeit und vermindert die Hyperkapnie. Damit geht der NHF über ein reines Oxygenierungssystem hinaus und zeigt Charakteristika einer Atmungsunterstützung. Verschiedene Untersuchungen unterstützen diese These. Dieser Artikel soll daher diskutieren, ob der NHF in ähnlichen Situationen oder Erkrankungen wie die NIV eingesetzt werden kann.
Lungenkarzinom mit ausgeprägter mediastinaler Lymphadenopathie – wer denkt an ein NUT-Karzinom?
Authors: Keymel S. , Krüger S. 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungEine 39-jährige Patientin hat sich initial wegen Rückenschmerzen orthopädisch vorgestellt. Nachdem sich in der Magnetresonanztomografie der Lendenwirbelsäule der Verdacht auf eine tumoröse Erkrankung gestellt hatte, war in den weiterführenden Untersuchungen eine pulmonale Raumforderung, eine ausgedehnte mediastinale Lymphadenopathie und ein großer einseitiger Pleuraerguss nachweisbar. Histologisch zeigte sich sowohl in den Proben des Tumors im Wirbelkörper als auch in den Proben der transbronchialen Nadelaspiration eines mediastinalen Lymphknotens ein NUT-Karzinom. Das NUT-Karzinom, das früher als NUT-Mittellinienkarzinom bezeichnet wurde, ist eine sehr seltene, aggressive Tumorentität mit ungünstiger Prognose. Der Tumor wurde zunächst gehäuft in der Mittellinie der oberen Atemwege und des Mediastinums beschrieben, ist aber nicht darauf beschränkt. Das NUT-Karzinom trifft häufig junge Patienten. Aufgrund der Seltenheit existiert bisher keine etablierte Therapie.
Tratamento cirúrgico da rigidez pós-traumática do cotovelo por via posterior ampla
Authors: Gracitelli Mauro E.C. , Guglielmetti César L.B. , Botelho Caio A.S. , Malavolta Eduardo A. , Assunção Jorge H. , Ferreira Neto Arnaldo A. 
Published: January 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Demonstrar os resultados clínicos e a taxa de complicações da liberação cirúrgica por via única posterior no tratamento da rigidez pós-traumática de cotovelo.
Métodos Estudo prospectivo, com pacientes submetidos a cirurgia entre maio de 2013 e junho de 2018 em um único centro. Foi realizado acesso ao cotovelo por via posterior. O seguimento dos pacientes foi feito por uma equipe de terapia ocupacional, e eles foram submetidos a um protocolo de reabilitação padronizado, com órteses estáticas progressivas e dinâmicas. O desfecho primário foi a amplitude de flexoextensão do cotovelo após 6 meses.
Resultados Um total de 26 pacientes completaram o seguimento mínimo de 6 meses. A média de flexoextensão do cotovelo, ao final de 6 meses, foi de 98,3° ± 22,0°, com um ganho de amplitude de 40,0° ± 14,0° em relação ao pré-operatório (p < 0,001). A média de ganho relativo de flexoextensão, ao final de 6 meses, foi de 51,7% ± 17,1% (p < 0,001). A média de pronossupinação, ao final de 6 meses, foi de 129,0° ± 42,7° (p < 0,001). Metade dos casos apresentava rigidez moderada e grave no pré-operatório, contra 7,7% aos 6 meses de pós-operatório (p < 0,001). A pontuação nos instrumentos Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) e Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) apresentou melhora estatisticamente significativa em relação ao pré-operatório, atingindo 74,4 ± 16,8 pontos e 31,7 ± 21,9 pontos, respectivamente. A escala visual analógica (EVA) não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação ao pré-operatório (p = 0,096). Complicações foram observadas em 6 (23%) pacientes, não sendo necessária nova abordagem cirúrgica em nenhum paciente.
Conclusões A liberação cirúrgica do cotovelo associada a protocolo de reabilitação é técnica segura, com resultados satisfatórios e baixa taxa de complicações.