bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impacts of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak on Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes: Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly altered the pre-existing landscape for sexual and reproductive health. Adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes are therefore more likely to be affected due to reports of overwhelmed health systems. However, sexual and reproductive health wellbeing should be prioritized at all times to counteract adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes. As a result, the proposed review aims at synthesizing evidence on the implications of COVID-19 on sexual and reproductive health outcomes.Methods: An electronic search for literature will be executed to identify peer reviewed and grey literature on the subject. After screening for studies to include in the synthesis, the checklist of the Joanna Briggs Institute, the McMaster Critical Review form and the Authority, Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity, Date, and Significance (AACODS) will be used for assessment. The study will be conducted in line with the recommendations detailed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and a narrative report will be developed.Discussion: Our proposed review aims at identifying the specific implications of COVID-19 on sexual and reproductive health. The review will highlight the systemic challenges and gaps that reinforce the intensity of the impact. It will also identify the aspects of sexual and reproductive health that are much affected among the wide array of components that constitute sexual and reproductive health such as family planning, antenatal care, childbirth, postnatal care among other factors. A better understanding of these issues will help global, regional and national stakeholders and policy makers to identify the specific sexual and reproductive health dimensions that need targeted interventions. Scoping review registration: https://osf.io/85fch
Clinical and Echocardiographic Trends in Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty
Authors: Koren Ofir , Israeli Asaf , Rozner Ehud , Darawshy Nassem , Turgeman Yoav 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) is the current standard of care for selected patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. We examined trends in patient demographics, Wilkins score and additional echocardiographic characteristics, success rates, and complications over a 30-year period.Methods We conducted a retrospective observational descriptive study. The study population consists of patients hospitalized in intensive cardiac care (ICCU) due to significant symptomatic MS, from January 1990 to May 2019.Results 417 patients who underwent PBMV were eligible. Age did not change significantly over time. Male patients who were smoking and had multiple comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, and chronic kidney disease became more prevalence (p=0.02, p=0.02, p=0.001, p=0.01, p=0.02, and p=0.001 respectively). Wilkins score and all its components increased over time, which was higher in females (p=0.01), and was not correlated with age (p=0.95). Severe leaflets immobility (Grade 4) predicted complications (p=0.03, respectively). Wilkins over 9 successfully predicted the occurrence of complications, conversely, no efficient cutoff was found in the following decades. Wilkins score managed to predict a technically successful procedure (p=0.02), but not complications (p=0.12). Lastly, complication rates did not significantly change over the years.Conclusion Our research covers three decades of experience in PBMV and shows several trends: We see more male patients, who have multiple comorbidities. The Wilkins score increased over the years and was predictive of successful operations as opposed to complications who were predicted mainly by the leaflet mobility index.
Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor is Associated with Short-Term Mortality and Enhanced Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Wang Yunyun , Wu Fengtian , Chen Chao , Xu Lichen , Lin Wei , Huang Chunhong , Yang Ying , Wu Shanshan , Qi Jinjin , Cao Hanqin , Li Guojun , Hong Meng , Zhu Haihong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a comprehensive syndrome characterized by an acute deterioration of liver function and high short-term mortality rates in patients with chronic liver disease. Objectives: To investigate whether plasma soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), a molecule known as a chemokine, is a suitable biomarker for the prognosis of patients with ACLF and the underlying mechanism.Method: A prospective cohort of 282 patients with ACLF from three hospitals in China was included. 88.4% of the group was hepatitis B virus-related ACLF (HBV-related ACLF). Cox regression was used to assess the impact of plasma suPAR and other factors on 30- and 90-day mortality. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were detected to explore the role of suPAR in regulating neutrophil function in HBV-related ACLF.Result: There was no difference in plasma suPAR levels between HBV-related and non-HBV-related ACLF. Patients with clinical complications had higher suPAR levels than those without these complications. A significant correlation was also found between suPAR and prognostic scores, infection indicators and inflammatory cytokines. Cox’s regression multivariate analysis identified suPAR>=14.7ng/mL as a predictor for both day 30 and 90 mortality (Area under the ROC curve: 0.751 and 0.742 respectively), independe nt of the MELD and SOFA scores in patients with ACLF. Moreover, we firstly discovered suPAR enhanced neutrophil ROS production in patients with HBV-related ACLF. Conclusions: suPAR was a useful independent biomarker of short-term outcomes in patients with ACLF and might play a key role in the pathogenesis.Trial registration: CNT, NCT02965560. Registered 16 November 2016
The Comparison of Epidemiological Characteristics Between Confirmed and Clinically Diagnosed Cases With COVID-19&nbsp;in Wuhan, China
Authors: Shi Fang , Wen Haoyu , Liu Rui , Bai Jianjun , Wang Fang , Mubarik Sumaira , Liu Xiaoxue , Yu Yong , Hong Qiumian , Cao Jinhong , Yu Chuanhua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To put COVID-19 patients into hospital timely, the clinical diagnosis had been implemented in Wuhan in the early outbreak. Here we compared the epidemiological characteristics of laboratory-confirmed and clinically diagnosed cases with COVID-19 in Wuhan.Methods: Demographics, case severity and outcomes of 29886 confirmed cases and 21960 clinically diagnosed cases reported between December 2019 and February 24, 2020, were compared. The risk factors were estimated, and the effective reproduction number of SARS-CoV-2 (Rt) was also calculated.Results: The interval between symptom onset and diagnosis of confirmed and clinically diagnosed cases reduced gradually as time went by, and the proportion of severe and critical cases as well as case fatality rates of the two groups all decreased over time. The proportion of severe and critical cases (21.5% vs 14.0%, P<0.0001) and case fatality rates (5.2% vs 1.2%, P<0.0001) of confirmed cases were all higher than those of clinically diagnosed cases. Risk factors for death we observed in all two groups were older age, male, severe or critical cases. Rt showed a downward trend after the lockdown of Wuhan, it dropped below 1.0 on February 6 among confirmed cases, and February 8 among clinically diagnosed cases.Conclusion: Public health responses taken in Wuhan, including clinical diagnosis, have contributed to slow transmission. In cases where testing kits are insufficient, clinical diagnosis is effective, which is helpful to quarantine or treat infected cases as soon as possible, and prevent the epidemic from worsening. To decrease the case fatality rate of COVID-19, it is necessary to strengthen early warning and intervention of severe and critical elderly men.
Newcomb-Benford Law Analysis on COVID-19 Daily Infection Cases and Deaths in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Wong Wei Kitt , Juwono Filbert , Loh Wan Ning , Ngu Ik Ying 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aims: Each country has been racing to contain the spread of COVID-19. The published data of daily infection and death cases can be used to measure the effectiveness of the control interventions. We focus our study in two Southeast Asia countries: Indonesia and Malaysia during time period between March and November 2020.Methods: Newcomb-Benford law has been commonly used to analyze the probabilities of the first significant digits in natural occurrences since the late 19th century. It is a prominent statistical tool for its capability to detect frauds in data sets. A chi-squared test was recruited to quantify the closeness of the data and Newcomb-Benford law distributions.Results: The results revealed that the distributions of daily infection and death cases in Indonesia followed Newcomb-Benford law while the opposite results were obtained for Malaysia.Conclusion: We have done the analysis of verifying the daily COVID-19 infection and death cases in Indonesia and Malaysia using Newcomb-Benford law. It can be inferred that, between March and November 2020, the control interventions in Indonesia was less effective compared to Malaysia.
A Protein Chip Study on the Heart Failure With Recovered Ejection Fraction
Authors: luo yao , chai ke , du minghui , liu tong , cai jianping , wang hua , yang jiefu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Characteristics of heart failure with recovered ejection fraction (HFrecEF) have not yet been fully understood. The objective of this study is to identify potential biomarkers for the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) recovery. Methods: Antibody microarrays were used to detect proteins in serum of healthy volunteers, patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF), and patients with HFrecEF, looking for specific proteins of HFrecEF patients.Results:1000 proteins were detected in the sera of healthy volunteers, HFrEF patients and HFrecEF patients using antibody microarrays (three in each group). There were dozens of different proteins between each group. Based on the signal strength, fold changes, clinical significance and Venn diagram analysis, 11 proteins were selected to be detected in the sera of 10 healthy volunteers ,47 HFrEF patients and 22 HFrecEF patients using antibody microarrays. Serum concentrations of cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1) and growth/differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8) were significantly downregulated in HFrecEF patients compared with HFrEF patients. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the CDO1 curve was 0.662(95%CI 0.517-0.808,P=0.031).The sensitivity of CDO1 was 77%, the specificity was 54%, and diagnostic cut‑off points was 10198.5.The GDF-8 has no diagnostic value. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the prognosis is better in HFrecEF patients than HFrEF patients about all cause death(P=0.011) and cardiovascular death(P=0.004).But we did not find that patients with low baseline CDO1 levels (<10198.5) had better outcomes than those with high CDO1 levels (≥10198.5).Conclusions: This pilot study indicates that CDO1 is a potential biomarker of LVEF recovery, which needs to be confirmed by further studies.
Approaches to the rationalization of surgical instrument trays: Scoping review and research agenda
Authors: Santos Bruno Miranda Dos , Fogliatto Flavio Sanson , Zani Carolina Melecardi , Peres Fernanda Araujo Pimentel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Surgical Tray Rationalization (STR) consists of a systematic reduction in the quantity of surgical instruments to perform specific procedures without compromising patient safety, while reducing losses in the sterilization and assembly of trays. STR is one example of initiatives to improve process performance that have been widely reported in industrial settings, but only recently have gained popularity in healthcare organizations.
Methods
We conduct a scoping review of the literature aiming at identifying and mapping available evidence on the topic of surgical tray management. Five methodological stages are implemented and reported; they are: identifying research questions, identifying relevant studies, study selection, charting the data, and collating, summarizing and reporting the results.
Results
We reviewed forty-eight articles on STR, which were grouped according to their main proposed approaches: expert analysis, lean practices, and mathematical programming. We identify the most frequently used techniques within each approach and point to their potential contributions to operational and economic dimensions of STR. We also consolidate our findings proposing a roadmap to STR, with four generic steps (prepare, rationalize, implement, and consolidate) and recommended associated techniques.
Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first study that reviews and systematizes the existing literature on the subject of STR. Our study closes with the proposition of directions for future research, which are presented as nine research questions associated with the four generic steps proposed in the STR roadmap.
Ambulatory Care-Sensitive Hospital Admissions: Access to Care or Population Health?
Authors: Feinglass Joe , Reyes Ana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAdmission rates for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ACSCs) are often used by health systems as a measure of access to effective primary and preventive care. However, there is debate about whether ACSC admissions primarily reflect social determinants of population health and are largely insensitive to ambulatory care quality. To provide evidence for this debate, this study analyzes adult ACSC admissions of Cook County, Illinois residents to 173 Illinois hospitals from 2016–2018.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsHospitalized patients were categorized by sex, by race and ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, Asian, other/unknown), and by primary insurance status (private, Medicaid, Medicare, uninsured, other/unknown) and by whether the admission was on the weekend. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Prevention Quality Indicators were calculated to compute ACSC hospitalization rates per 1000 residents across four census data-defined zip code poverty level areas (> 20%, 10-19.99%, 5-9.99% and < 5% poor households). ACSC hospitalization rates were compared to rates for all other medical and surgical conditions across areas. Patient age groups were categorized as 20–44, 45–64, and > 65.ResultsThere were 1,384,880 medical and surgical admissions of Cook County Residents age 20 and older from 2016–2018. There were 181,836 (13.3%) admissions classified as ACSC admissions by the overall composite PQI 90. Residents of the highest poverty level zip code area had ACSC rates up to 70% higher than the most affluent zip code area. However, all other medical admissions had a 102% higher rate in the poorest versus most affluent areas, with twice the admission rate for the most severely ill patients (Charlson Score > 3). By comparison, surgical DRG admission rates had only a 6% difference across areas.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that ACSC admission rates mirror other medical, but not surgical, causes of admissions as well as illness severity generally. While socioeconomic differences in access to care undoubtedly exist, use of the ACSC admission rate as a measure of access to primary care may obscure the far more consequential social determinants of chronic illness and hospital use that primarily drive hospital admissions for low income populations.
Synthesis, Antibiotic Structure-Activity-Relationships, and Cellulose Dissolution Studies of New Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids Derived from Lignin
Authors: Liu Shihong , Gonzalez Michael , Kong Celine , Weir Scott , Socha Aaron 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising pretreatment solvents for lignocellulosic biomass, but are largely prepared from petroleum precursors. Benzaldehydes from depolymerized lignin, such as vanillin, syringaldehyde and 4-methoxy benzaldehyde, represent renewable feedstocks for the synthesis of ionic liquids. We herein report syntheses of novel lignin-derived ionic liquids, with extended N-alkyl chains, and examine their melting points, cellulose dissolution capacities, and toxicity profiles against Daphnia magna and E. coli strain 1A1. The latter organism has been engineered to produce isoprenol, a drop-in biofuel and precursor for commodity chemicals. Results: The new N,N-diethyl and N,N-dipropyl methyl benzylammonium ILs were liquids at room temperature, showing 75-100oC decreased melting points as compared to their N,N,N-trimethyl benzyl ammonium analog. Extension of N-alkyl chains also increased antibacterial activity 3-fold, while ionic liquids prepared from vanillin showed 2- to 4-fold lower toxicity as compared to those prepared from syringaldehyde and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde. The trend of antibacterial activity for anions of lignin-derived ILs was found to be methanesulfonate < acetate < hydroxide. Microcrystalline cellulose dissolution, from 2-4 wt% after 20 min at 100oC, was observed in all new ILs using light microscopy and IR spectroscopy.Conclusions: Ionic liquids prepared from S, G and H-lignin oxidation products provided differential cytotoxic activity against E.coli and D. magna, suggesting these compounds could be tailored for application specificity within a biorefinery.
Solar Neutron Decay Protons observed in November 7, 2004
Authors: Muraki Yasushi , Galicia Jose F Valdes , Ortiz Ernesto Fragoso , Matsubara Yutaka , Shibata Shoichi , Sako Takashi , Masuda Satoshi , Tokumaru Munetoshi , Koi Tatsumi , Oshima Akitosi , Sakai Takasuke , Naito Tsuguya , Miranda Pedro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We have found an interesting event registered by the solar neutron telescopes installed at high mountains in Bolivia (5250m a.s.l.) and Mexico (4600m a.s.l.). The event was observed November 7th of 2004 in association with a large solar flare of magnitude X2.0. Some features in our registers and in two satellites (GOES11 and SOHO) reveal the presence of electrons and protons as possible products of neutron decay. Solar neutron decay protons (sndp) were recorded on board ISEE3 satellite in June 3rd, 1982. On October 19th, 1989, the ground level detectors installed in Goose Bay and Deep River revealed the registration of solar neutron decay protons (sndp). Therefore this is the second example that such an evidence is registered on the Earth´s surface.Key words: Solar neutron decay protons, Solar flare, Solar Energetic particles,Particle acceleration
Characteristics of Dental Note taking: A material based Themed analysis of Swedish Dental Students
Authors: Lindberg Viveca , Jounger Sofia Louca , Christidis Maria , Christidis Nikolaos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The transition from upper secondary to higher education and from higher education to professional practice requires that students adapt to new literacy practices, academic and professional. However, there is a gap of knowledge regarding literacy practices in dental education. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify what characterizes dental students’ notetaking and secondarily to determine what dental students express regarding their notetaking.Methods: To analyze students' perspectives about the purposes of notetaking and to examine their written notes in depth, three volunteer students, out of the 24 students that voluntarily and anonymously handed in their notes, were interviewed. The three undergraduate dental students that participated in this material-based, semi-structured interview study, framed within a New Literacy Studies approach, were on their third year (6th semester). The focus of these material-based interviews was on each student’s notes. Questions prepared for semi-structured interviews were open-ended and allowed for individual follow-up questions related to the interviewee’s answer. To analyze the outcome of the interviews a thematic analysis was used.Results: From the material-based interviews eight themes that relate to what, how and for what purpose students write were discerned. These eight themes include professional vocabulary, core content as well as clinical examples that belong to what students read and write; multimodal accentuation as well as synthesis that belong to how students read and write; and mnemonic strategies, academic purposes, and professional purposes that belong to for what purpose students read and write.Conclusions: Findings from the interviews indicate that the digital development, offering a variety of available tools, has expanded the notion of notetaking. This study identified that dental students’ notetaking has changed during their education from initially being synchronous, to also include multimodal and asynchronous writing, making notetaking more of a writing practice. Further, students’ writing practices seem to be motivated by their knowledge formation in relation to a subject matter, but also in relation to their experiences during clinical training. Although, our hypothesis was that the main purpose of notetaking and writing was to pass their course examinations, this study showed that students that were half-way through their dental education, are aware that literacy practices are for learning for their future profession, and not only for passing their exams.