bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmission dynamics, serial interval and epidemiology of COVID-19 diseases in Hong Kong under different control measures
Authors: Chan Yung-Wai Desmond , Flasche Stefan , Lam Tin-Long Terence , Leung Mei-Hung Joanna , Wong Miu-Ling , Lam Ho-Yeung , Chuang Shuk-Kwan 
Published: November 2020

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started in Wuhan, China in late December 2019, and subsequently became a pandemic. Hong Kong had implemented a series of control measures since January 2020, including enhanced surveillance, isolation and quarantine, border control and social distancing. Hong Kong recorded its first case on 23 January 2020, who was a visitor from Wuhan. We analysed the surveillance data of COVID-19 to understand the transmission dynamics and epidemiology in Hong Kong. Methods: We constructed the epidemic curve of daily COVID-19 incidence from 23 January to 6 April 2020 and estimated the time-varying reproduction number (Rt) with the R package EpiEstim, with serial interval computed from local data. We described the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of reported cases. We computed weekly incidence by age and residential district to understand the spatial and temporal transmission of the disease. Results: COVID-19 disease in Hong Kong was characterised with local cases and clusters detected after two waves of importations, first in late January (week 4 to 6) and the second one in early March (week 9 to 10). The Rt increased to approximately 2 95% credible interval (CI): 0.3-3.3) and approximately 1 (95%CI: 0.2-1.7), respectively, following these importations; it decreased to below 1 afterwards from weeks 11 to 13, which coincided with the implementation, modification and intensification of different control measures. Compared to local cases, imported cases were younger (mean age: 52 years among local cases vs 35 years among imported cases), had a lower proportion of underlying disease (9% vs 5%) and severe outcome (13% vs 5%). Cases were recorded in all districts but the incidence was highest in those in the Hong Kong Island region. Conclusions: Stringent and sustained public health measures at population level could contain the COVID-19 disease at a relatively low level.
Does cereal, protein and micronutrient availability hold the key to the malnutrition conundrum? An exploratory analysis of cereal cultivation and wasting patterns of India
Authors: Sanjeev Rama Krishna , Nuggehalli Srinivas Prashanth , Krishnan Bindu , Basappa Yogish Channa , Dinesh Akshay S. , Ulahannan Sabu K. 
Published: November 2020

Background: High prevalence of maternal malnutrition, low birth-weight and child malnutrition in India contribute substantially to the global malnutrition burden. Rural India has disproportionately higher levels of child malnutrition. Stunting and wasting are the primary determinants of child malnutrition and their district-level distribution shows clustering in different geographies and regions. Methods: The last round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS4) has disaggregated data by district, enabling a more nuanced understanding of the prevalence of markers of malnutrition. We used data from NFHS4 and agricultural statistics datasets to analyse relationship of area under cereal cultivation with the prevalence of malnutrition at the district level. We analysed malnutrition through data on under-5 stunting and wasting; maternal malnutrition was assessed through prevalence of women’s low BMI and short stature by district. Results: Stunting and wasting patterns across districts show a distinct geographical and age distribution; districts with higher wasting showed relatively high prevalence of 40% before six months of age. Wasting was associated with higher cultivation of millets, with a stronger association seen for jowar and other millets (Kodo millet, little millet, proso millet, barnyard millet and foxtail millet). Stunting was associated with cultivation of all crops except other millets. Low women’s BMI was seen associated with cultivation of rice and millets. The analysis was limited by lack of fine-scale data on prevalence of low birth-weight and type of cereal consumed. Conclusions: Multi-site observational studies of long-term effects of type of cereals consumed could help explain the ecogeographic distribution of malnutrition in India. Cereals, particularly millets constitute the bulk of protein intake among the poor, especially in rural areas in India where high prevalence of wasting persists.
La impronta de Pierre Teilhard de Chardin en las tesis evolutivas de Karl Schmitz-Moormann
Authors: Casadesús Ricard 
Published: November 2020

En este artículo exponemos las intuiciones del teólogo y biólogo alemán Karl Schmitz-Moormann sobre la evolución. Como leitmotiv subyacente en toda su obra, Schmitz-Moormann tiene a Teilhard de Chardin. Inspirado por Teilhard y su metafísica de la unión, introduce un nuevo concepto, a saber, la uni-totalidad. Veremos aquí cómo Schmitz-Moormann observa diversas uni-totalidades a lo largo del progreso evolutivo, desde las partículas subatómicas hasta las agrupaciones humanas. Esas diversas uni-totalidades implican, a la vez, diversidad de unión, que puede ser explicada por causas que van desde la interacción nuclear hasta el amor interpersonal. Análogamente, Schmitz-Moormann ve nuestro Dios tri-uno como la Uni-totalidad suprema unida por amor, a la que se acercan las uni-totalidades creadas.
How accurate is the prehospital diagnosis of hyperventilation syndrome?
Authors: Wilson Caitlin , Harley Clare , Steels Stephanie 
Published: November 2020

Background:The literature suggests that hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) should be diagnosed and treated prehospitally.Aim:To determine diagnostic accuracy of HVS by paramedics and emergency medical technicians using hospital doctors' diagnosis as the reference standard.Methods:A retrospective audit was carried out of routine data using linked prehospital and in-hospital patient records of adult patients (≥18 years) transported via emergency ambulance to two emergency departments in the UK from 1 January 2012–31 December 2013. Accuracy was measured using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (NPV/PPVs) and likelihood ratios (LRs) with 95% confidence intervals.Results:A total of 19 386 records were included in the analysis. Prehospital clinicians had a sensitivity of 88% (95% CI [82–92%]) and a specificity of 99% (95% CI [99–99%]) for diagnosing HVS, with PPV 0.42 (0.37, 0.47), NPV 1.00 (1.00, 1.00), LR+ 75.2 (65.3, 86.5) and LR− 0.12 (0.08, 0.18).Conclusions:Paramedics and emergency medical technicians are able to diagnose HVS prehospitally with almost perfect specificity and good sensitivity.
Sagittal spinopelvic changes after posterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Burton Denver A. , Karkenny Alexa J. , Schulz Jacob F. , Hanstein Regina , Gomez Jaime A. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose This article examines if longer posterior spinal fusions with instrumentation (PSFI) into the lumbar spine (L3/4) alter spinopelvic parameters compared with selective fusions to T12/L1/L2 in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients. Methods We analysed radiographs of 84 AIS patients, 58 (69%) females and 26 (31%) males, who underwent PSFI at an mean age of 15 years ± 2.5 years, range 10 years to 21 years, between 1st January 2007 and 31st December 2014. Radiographic parameters were measured pre- and post-operatively at most recent follow-up (range 2 years to 8.2 years): pelvic incidence (PI), lumbar lordosis (LL, L1–S1 and L4–S1), sagittal vertical alignment (SVA), scoliosis angle and proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK). PI–LL was calculated. Data was analysed using t-tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Results In total, 32 patients underwent a selective fusion with lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) T12–L2, and 52 patients underwent a fusion with LIV L3–L4. In both groups, scoliosis angle was significantly corrected at follow-up (p < 0.005). Pre-operatively, both groups had similar LL (L1–S1) and PI–LL. Post-operatively, LL increased in the L3–4 fusion group (p < 0.005) but did not change in the selective fusion group (p = 0.116). This change in LL in the L3–4 fusion group affected the post-operative PI–LL (T12–L2 fusion -4.9° versus L3–4 fusion -13.6°, p = 0.002). No differences were seen in PI, SVA or LL L4–S1 between groups. Radiographic PJK occurred in seven of the L3–4 patients with and without PJK (noPJK –8.8° versus PJK –25.8°, p = 0.026). Conclusions In patients who underwent a fusion ending at L3 or L4, LL was increased. This altered the PI–LL relationship, and appeared to increase the risk of PJK. Level of evidence III
Monitoring of Sugarcane Growth Based on the Fused Remote Sensing NDVI Series and Ground Seeding Survey
Authors: Chen Yanli , Mo Weihua , Mo Jianfei , Ding Meihua 
Published: November 2020

HighlightsThe spatial and temporal fusion model ESTARFM was used to obtain NDVI timing data with high fusion accuracy and high spatial and temporal resolution.High-quality NDVI timing data could be obtained by using ESTARFM to fuse HJ-1 CCD and MODIS data.Fused NDVI data coupled with ground seeding survey data could effectively monitor sugarcane growth status.Abstract. This study addressed the instability of clear-sky remote sensing data with high spatial resolution in sugarcane growing areas in southern China and the current inconsistency between traditional survey results and remote sensing results for seedling growth. Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and China land resources satellite (HJ-1 CCD) data were used to build high-resolution normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series using the Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (ESTARFM). Agronomic indicators of sugarcane were obtained by field sampling and were used for determining the remote sensing monitoring index (NDVI) of sugarcane growth. The method provided satisfactory results for evaluating sugarcane growth, with accuracy exceeding 90%. Moreover, sugarcane growth monitoring in a wider area was highly correlated with yield per unit area. Keywords: Growth status, HJ-1 CCD, MODIS, NDVI time series, Spatial and temporal fusion, Sugarcane.
Estimating the basic reproduction number for the 2015 bubonic plague outbreak in Nyimba district of Eastern Zambia
Authors: Sichone Joseph , Simuunza Martin C. , Hang’ombe Bernard M. , Kikonko Mervis 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundPlague is a re-emerging flea-borne infectious disease of global importance and in recent years, Zambia has periodically experienced increased incidence of outbreaks of this disease. However, there are currently no studies in the country that provide a quantitative assessment of the ability of the disease to spread during these outbreaks. This limits our understanding of the epidemiology of the disease especially for planning and implementing quantifiable and cost-effective control measures. To fill this gap, the basic reproduction number, R0, for bubonic plague was estimated in this study, using data from the 2015 Nyimba district outbreak, in the Eastern province of Zambia. R0is the average number of secondary infections arising from a single infectious individual during their infectious period in an entirely susceptible population.Methodology/Principal findingsSecondary epidemic data for the most recent 2015 Nyimba district bubonic plague outbreak in Zambia was analyzed. R0was estimated as a function of the average epidemic doubling time based on the initial exponential growth rate of the outbreak and the average infectious period for bubonic plague. R0was estimated to range between 1.5599 [95% CI: 1.382–1.7378] and 1.9332 [95% CI: 1.6366–2.2297], with average of 1.7465 [95% CI: 1.5093–1.9838]. Further, an SIR deterministic mathematical model was derived for this infection and this estimated R0to be between 1.4 to 1.5, which was within the range estimated above.Conclusions/SignificanceThis estimated R0for bubonic plague is an indication that each bubonic plague case can typically give rise to almost two new cases during these outbreaks. This R0estimate can now be used to quantitatively analyze and plan measurable interventions against future plague outbreaks in Zambia.
Renal function and outcomes in atrial fibrillation patients after catheter ablation
Authors: Kawaji Tetsuma , Shizuta Satoshi , Aizawa Takanori , Yamagami Shintaro , Takeji Yasuaki , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Kato Masashi , Yokomatsu Takafumi , Miki Shinji , Ono Koh , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) and renal failure coexist and interact. However, scarce data about association between renal function and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing catheter ablation for AF are available. We sought to evaluate long-term renal function and clinical outcomes after AF ablation.MethodsWe enrolled 791 non-dialysis patients undergoing catheter ablation for AF, and evaluated the incidence of worsening renal function (WRF) after the procedure, defined as >30% decline in estimate glomerular filtration rate.ResultsMean follow-up duration was 5.1±2.5 years. Five hundreds and twenty-six patients (66.5%) were free from recurrent atrial arrhythmias without any antiarrhythmic drugs at the time of final follow-up. Cumulative incidence of WRF was 13.2% at 5-year after procedure, which was significantly higher in patients with recurrent AF compared to those without (21.6% versus 8.7%, P<0.001). In the multivariable analysis, recurrent AF was an independent risk factor for WRF (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.89, 95% confidence interval 1.27–2.81, P = 0.002), along with congestive heart failure, diabetes, and eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2at baseline. Patients with WRF had significantly higher 5-year incidences of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, ischemic stroke, and major bleeding compared to those without WRF. After adjustment of baseline differences in the multivariate Cox model, the excessive risks of WRF for all-cause death and heart failure hospitalization remained significant (adjusted HR 3.46, P = 0.002; adjusted HR 3.67, P<0.001).ConclusionsIn AF patients undergoing catheter ablation for AF, arrhythmia recurrence was associated with WRF during follow-up, which was a strong predictor of adverse clinical outcomes.
Grant application outcomes for biomedical researchers who participated in the National Research Mentoring Network’s Grant Writing Coaching Programs
Authors: Weber-Main Anne Marie , McGee Richard , Eide Boman Kristin , Hemming Japera , Hall Meldra , Unold Thaddeus , Harwood Eileen M. , Risner Laurie E. , Smith Ann , Lawson Kimberly , Engler Jeffrey , Steer Clifford J. , Buchwald Dedra , Jones Harlan P. , Manson Spero M. , Ofili Elizabeth , Schwartz Nancy B. , Vishwanatha Jamboor K. , Okuyemi Kolawole S. 
Published: November 2020

Background
A diverse research workforce is essential for catalyzing biomedical advancements, but this workforce goal is hindered by persistent sex and racial/ethnic disparities among investigators receiving research grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In response, the NIH-funded National Research Mentoring Network implemented a Grant Writing Coaching Program (GCP) to provide diverse cohorts of early-career investigators across the United States with intensive coaching throughout the proposal development process. We evaluated the GCP’s national reach and short-term impact on participants’ proposal submissions and funding outcomes.

Methods
The GCP was delivered as six similar but distinct models. All models began with an in-person group session, followed by a series of coaching sessions over 4 to 12 months. Participants were surveyed at 6-, 12- and 18-months after program completion to assess proposal outcomes (submissions, awards). Self-reported data were verified and supplemented by searches of public repositories of awarded grants when available. Submission and award rates were derived from counts of participants who submitted or were awarded at least one grant proposal in a category (NIH, other federal, non-federal).

Results
From June 2015 through March 2019, 545 investigators (67% female, 61% under-represented racial/ethnic minority, URM) from 187 different institutions participated in the GCP. Among them, 324 (59% of participants) submitted at least one grant application and 134 (41% of submitters) received funding. A total of 164 grants were awarded, the majority being from the NIH (93, 56%). Of the 74 R01 (or similar) NIH research proposals submitted by GCP participants, 16 have been funded thus far (56% to URM, 75% to women). This 22% award rate exceeded the 2016–2018 NIH success rates for new R01s.

Conclusion
Inter- and intra-institutional grant writing coaching groups are a feasible and effective approach to supporting the grant acquisition efforts of early-career biomedical investigators, including women and those from URM groups.
Вовлеченное отцовство, заботливая маскулинность
Authors: Рождественская Елена Юрьевна 
Published: November 2020

Современные исследования показывают, что отцовство и отцовские практики тесно увязаны с понятием маскулинности и гендерными контрактами. Это означает индукцию изменения в маскулинных и отцовских ролях вследствие активно меняющихся конфигураций образовательных, трудовых и материнских обязанностей женщин. Таким образом, социальный институт отцовства испытывает давление как публичной, так и приватной сферы. Отцовство явно меняется в современном обществе, поскольку во многом разрушены патриархальные семейные структуры, изменились гендерные роли, возникли новые идентичности матери и отца, что делает необходимым изучение коммуникативной структуры семьи/партнерства. Насколько отцы доступны для детей, наполняют реальным содержанием взаимодействие с ними и насколько они берут ответственность за детей? В качестве теоретического подхода в статье развивается социально-конструктивистская платформа, на основе которой автор дискутирует по теории социального признания Алекса Хоннетта, а также по теории заботящейся маскулинности Карлы Эллиот. В качестве приемлемой концептуальной основы автор выстраивает комплементарную гендерную конструкцию, позволяющую релявитизировать гегемоническую нормативную маскулинность за счет легитимирующего дискурса заботы, который становится гендерно нейтральным и высвобождает пространство отцовских практик в стиле вовлеченного активного отцовства.
В фокусе описываемого в статье эмпирического исследования — вопрос о преемственности и отличиях отцовских практик на протяжении трех поколений. Как воспринимают современные молодые люди отцовское влияние по сравнению с материнским, что говорят их отцы о своем отцовстве, как они вспоминают собственное детство и влияние своих родителей (поколение дедушек)? Изменились ли представления об отцовской роли, остается ли прежним содержание отцовских практик и, вместе с этим, дискурс отцовства в обществе в целом? Исследование построено на анализе коллекции собранных 200 семейных кейсов, каждый из которых представляет собой трехпоколенный срез проблематики отцовства, материнства и социализации в формате полуструктурированного интервью. Исследовательский акцент на отцовских практиках ставит целью отслеживание и контрастирование отцовства, контрастирование практик отцовства. Для анализа нарративного содержания описанных отцовских практик выделены категории, на разных уровнях описывающие феномен отцовства и позволяющие отследить поколенческие отличия: в модусе повседневного действия в воспитании, в содержании воспитательных норм, в оценке и режимах оправдания относительно моделей воспитания и участие в воспитании. Основной эмпирический вывод заключается в том, что отцовство «возвращается» в семью, обрастает трансформирующими маскулинность практиками заботы, его ценность валоризирована как содержательно самостоятельная роль.
Благодарность. Статья написана в рамках Проекта «Реконфигурация отцовской роли: поколенческая динамика, отцовские компетенции и практики», поддержанной Научным фондом НИУ ВШЭ (индивидуальный грант № 15-01-0126).
Exploring the Role of the Nucleus Accumbens in Adaptive Behavior Using Concurrent Intracranial and Extracranial Electrophysiological Recordings in Humans
Authors: Eijsker Nadine , van Wingen Guido , Smolders Ruud , Smit Dirk J. A. , Denys Damiaan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent human electrophysiological evidence implicated θ-band communication between the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and frontal and parietal cortex in cognitive flexibility. Since the NAc is connected with the motor system, we tested whether phase and amplitude-based NAc-cortical connectivity and power modulation likewise underlie flexibility in motor action control. We combined concurrently recorded intracranial and extracranial electroencephalograms from seven psychiatric patients implanted with deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes who performed a stop signal task (SST). Inhibition success, as opposed to failure, was associated with greater prestimulus information flow from right NAc to medial frontal cortex through phase coupling of θ oscillations. Inhibition failure evoked θ power increases in the left NAc and medial frontal cortex, whereas parieto-occipital cortex showed an α power decrease. We conclude that NAc-to-frontal θ connectivity, possibly facilitating processing of task-relevant information, and α and θ power modulations, possibly reflecting post-error engagement of cognitive control, contribute to adaptive behavior pertaining motor control.
Model Numerik Lintasan Sebaran Larva Karang Di Kandidat Lokasi Penempatan Bekas Struktur Anjungan Migas Lepas Pantai (Rig To Reef)
Authors: Nugraha R. Bambang Adhitya , Surbakti Heron , Rustam Agustin 
Published: November 2020

Anjungan migas lepas pantai yang sudah dibongkar ketika telah memasuki masa akhir produksinya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai terumbu karang buatan (artificial reef). Program ini di beberapa negara dikenal dengan sebutan Rigs-to-Reef (R2R). Salah satu faktor penting yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam penempatan struktur rigs untuk terumbu buatan ini adalah konektivitas antara habitat asli sebagai sumber larva karang dan kandidat lokasi agar larva karang dapat menyebar, tumbuh dan berkembang dengan baik. Faktor penting yang mempengaruhi planulasi (pelepasan dan penyebaran larva karang ke laut sekitar) adalah sirkulasi arus laut di lapisan permukaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat simulasi sebaran larva karang dan memetakan pola konektivitas antara kawasan konservasi Perairan Daerah (KKPD) Bontang (source) dan lokasi baru untuk penempatan struktur rigs (sink). Sebaran larva karang diperoleh dengan menggunakan pemodelan biofisik untuk mendapatkan skenario rekruitmen dan jejak penyebaran larva. Pemodelan biofisik digunakan sebagai alat prediksi penyebaran larva untuk menilai konektivitas antar kawasan konservasi dan untuk evaluasi umum dari berbagai faktor yang berperan dalam pergerakan larva. Simulasi sebaran larva dibuat dengan menggunakan modul Agent Based Modelling (Passive Drifter) menggunakan MIKE 21 FM untuk memprediksi sebaran larva karang di kandidat lokasi. Simulasi sebaran larva dilakukan di beberapa bulan yang mewakili puncak 4 musim yang berbeda, yakni musim barat (bulan Januari), musim Peralihan I (bulan Mei), musim Timur (bulan Agustus) dan musim Peralihan II (bulan Oktober). Hasil dari model sebaran larva mengindikasikan bahwa proses penyebaran larva karang di kawasan konservasi Bontang dipengaruhi oleh arus permukaan yang dibangkitkan oleh pasang surut serta variasi angin musiman dan menyebar dengan baik ke kandidat lokasi R2R.