bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSV-29 Influence of Akaushi Genetics on Color and Sensory Attributes of Beef from Grain and Grass-finishing systems
Authors: de Faria Maciel Isabella Cristina , Schweihofer Jeannine P , Fenton Jenifer I , Hodbod Jennifer , McKendree Melissa , Cassida Kim , Rowntree Jason E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The effects of beef genetics and finishing system on color and sensory attributes of longissimus dorsi steaks were evaluated. Steaks were from Red Angus (RA, n = 30) and RA x Akaushi (AK, n = 30) fed with a mixed-species pasture forage (GRASS) or a total mixed feedlot ration (GRAIN). Animals were slaughtered at 18 (GRAIN) and 26 (GRASS) mo. Rib sections (11th and 13th) were collected 48 h postmortem from the left side of each carcass, cut into two 2.54 cm-thick steaks, vacuum packaged, and aged 14 d. One steak was frozen until water holding capacity and Warner Bratzler shear force (WBSF) analysis. The other fresh steak was evaluated for instrumental color and cooked for consumer panelists (n = 105) to evaluate flavor, texture, juiciness, and overall acceptability using a 9-point hedonic scale (1 = dislike extremely and 9 = like extremely). There was no difference between beef genetics. GRASS had higher chroma (more color saturation) and a* values (redder) compared to GRAIN treatment. There was genetics x diet interaction for hue angle and L* values, where RA had greater hue angle than AK in GRAIN (P = 0.01) and AK had greater L* (lighter, P &lt; 0.01) than RA in GRASS. The GRASS-finishing reduced beef steaks thawing (-20 %) and cooking (-12.8 %) loss compared to GRAIN-finishing (P &lt; 0.05). There were no differences (P &gt; 0.05) in WBSF between finishing systems. Steaks from GRAIN received the greatest ratings (P &lt; 0.01) for flavor, texture, juiciness, and overall acceptability compared to GRASS. Results indicate that the color attributes were influenced by finishing system. Furthermore, beef finishing system had a marked impact on steaks’ sensory attributes and consumer acceptability. The favorable results for texture and juiciness in GRAIN, which likely impacted overall acceptability, may be related to high marbling.
PSIII-17 Program Chair Poster Pick: A study on the effect of dihydroquercetin added into a diet of growing pigs on meat quality
Authors: Semenova Anastasiia A , Nasonova Victoria V , Kuznetsova Tatiana G , Tunieva Elena K , Bogolyubova Nadezhda V , Nekrasov Roman V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Dihydroquercetin (DHQ; taxifolin) and quercetin are interesting for pig breeding as adaptogens positively affecting the antioxidant status of animals. The aim of the study was a comparative quality analysis of pork from the control and experimental pig groups (hybrid young barrows F2 (LWxL)xD with livestock weight of 35.0±1.0 kg at the beginning of the experiment; 18 animals) exposed to the technological stress (rearrangement) and received 0 and 32 mg DHQ per 1 kg feed, respectively, throughout the feeding period up to livestock weight of 115.0±1.5 kg. Pork (m. L.dorsi) was analyzed 24 hours after slaughter. In the control and experimental groups, the loin eye area was 61.02±2.54 and 61.51±3.85 сm2 (р=0.83); the content of moisture was 68.9±2.2 and 70.9±0.6% (P = 0.39), fat 7.0±2.6 and 4.3±0.8% (P = 0.34), protein 22.7±0.3 and 23.3±0.6% (P = 0.39); рН 24 was 5.39±0.05 and 5.46±0.09 (P = 0.51); the moisture holding capacity was 65.97±1.96 and 68.36±2.55% (P = 0.47); color: lightness 56.56±2.22 and 60.58±3.16 (P = 0.31), redness 3.34±1.06 and 5.54±2.54 (P = 0.44), yellowness 9.42±1.43 and 10.79±1.64 (P = 0.55), respectively. The intensity of meat odor (a.u. х 107) was 28.29±7.79 and 19.46±2.23 (P = 0.29) in raw meat, 123.61±14.49 and 113.06±4.58 (P = 0.50) in cooked meat, respectively. The obtained data are in agreement with the works by Kremer B.T., 1999; Zou Y., 2016; Ivanova S.G., 2019 and others, who demonstrated an insignificant or ambiguous contribution of adaptogens into meat quality. Therefore, despite the positive trend of the DHQ effect on pork quality, statistically significant differences between two groups were not established. The work was supported by the grant No. 19-16-00068 of the Russian Science Foundation.
PSIII-29 Feeding arsenic-containing rice bran to growing pigs: arsenic distribution in major tissues
Authors: Liao Shengfa F , Hasan M Shamimul , Yang Zhongyue , Stevens Andrew W , Brett James , Peng Zhaohua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Previous research suggested that arsenic (As) is required by pigs, while inorganic As is a non-threshold carcinogen to humans. This research was conducted to study the As tissue distribution in pigs fed As-containing rice bran (833 ppb). Twenty individually penned gilts (26.3 kg) were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments (n = 6 or 7) with Diets I, II, and III containing 0, 306, and 612 ppb As, respectively. Pigs were fed ad libitum for 6 weeks, and the blood and hair samples were collected immediately before and after. Pigs were harvested at the end of the 6-weeks, and the liver, kidney, and muscle samples were collected. The total As contents in all samples were determined by a commercial laboratory. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, Tobit, or ordinary least squares regression model where appropriate. No pig displayed any poisoning signs throughout the trial. The hair As concentrations of Diets II and III pigs were both higher (P &lt; 0.003) than Diet I pigs, and the hair As concentration of Diet III pigs was higher (P = 0.007) than Diet II pigs. The blood As concentrations were all below the detection limit. In kidney and liver, the As concentrations in Diets II and III pigs were higher (P = 0.01) and numerically higher (P &lt; 0.30), respectively, than Diet I pigs, and there was no difference (P &gt; 0.10) between Diets II and III pigs. In skeletal muscle, the As concentrations were all below 10 ppb. These As tissue distribution data indicate that the absorbed As was rapidly cleared from the blood with some retained in various organs. While pigs’ hair retained the highest level of As, the retention is much lower in the liver and kidney. The muscle As data suggest that the pork produced from the pigs fed a typical As-containing rice bran is safe for human consumption.
PSIII-18 Assessment of Salmonella Dublin infection of intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC) in response to Zinc Oxide and a Yeast Mannan Rich Fraction
Authors: Browne Niall , Jordan Seána , Horgan Karina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Salmonella species are associated with post-weaning diarrhea, which results in poor weight gain, potential death, and economic cost. A yeast mannan rich fraction (MRF) was assessed alongside the industry standard treatment Zinc Oxide (ZO) in vitro to determine its impact on Salmonella Dublin infection of a pig intestinal cell line (IPEC). IPEC cells were exposed to MRF or ZO in the presence of S. Dublin (1x108/mL). IPEC cell RNA was isolated and cDNA synthesized. Gene expression for IL-1β, TNFα, IL-8 and cellular tight Junction genes Occludin, Claudin3 and Tight junction protein1 (TJP1) were assessed by qPCR. S. Dublin adhesion to IPEC cells (500:1) assessed in the presence or absence of either ZO or MRF for 1 hour at 37°C. IPEC cells with attached S. Dublin were lysed, diluted, plated and incubated overnight and enumeration. Three biological replicates were performed for all experiments and statistical analysis determined by One-way ANOVA. Proinflammatory gene TNFα was significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.001) following S. Dublin infection and treatment with MRF compared with ZO. IL-1β demonstrated no change between treatments although IL-8 gene expression was significantly reduced in both ZO (P≤0.01) and MRF (P ≤ 0.05) treated cells over the control. Significantly higher expression of Occludin (P ≤ 0.01), Claudin3 (P ≤ 0.001) and TJP1 (P ≤ 0.05) was observed in IPEC cells exposed to S. Dublin in the presence of MRF compared to ZO. Adhesion of S. Dublin to IPEC cells was significantly reduced in response to MRF addition compared to ZO treated cells (P ≤ 0.001) and the control cells (P ≤ 0.05). ZO treated cell demonstrated no improvement over the control cell levels of bacterial attachment. Both on a physical and molecular level bacterial infection of intestinal cells was more significantly impaired by MRF addition. With the ban on ZO, yeast MRF may prove to be a suitable alternative to support gut health in piglets.
PSII-37 Program Chair Poster Pick: The effect of glucocorticoids on circulating plasma concentrations of ghrelin in sheep
Authors: Kay Carson , Keisler Duane , Daniel Jay A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) culminates in glucocorticoid production in sheep. Glucocorticoids alter metabolic function, which suggests concentrations of metabolically important hormones, ghrelin and growth hormone (GH), might be affected by components of the HPA axis. To clarify the relationship between the HPA axis and these hormones in ruminants, 10 Katahdin ewe lambs (1 year old; 43.3 +/- 1.3 kg) received an intravenous injection of ACTH (0.2 µg/kg BW) or saline. In a second experiment, the same lambs received an intravenous injection of the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX; 2 mg/kg BW) or saline. Blood samples were collected in 15 min intervals from 1 h before injection to 2 h after. Plasma concentrations of cortisol, ghrelin, and GH were analyzed by radioimmunoassay analysis. Data were tested for effect of treatment (saline or ACTH and saline or DEX), time, and treatment by time interaction using procedures for repeated measures with JMP software (version 10; SAS Inst. Inc.). Cortisol concentrations increased in response to both ACTH and dexamethasone administration (P &lt; 0.0001). Neither ghrelin nor GH concentrations were affected by ACTH or DEX administration (P ≥ 0.4372). These data confirm ACTH influences cortisol secretion but suggest neither ACTH nor glucocorticoids impact plasma concentrations of ghrelin and GH in sheep.
PSII-39 Trophectoderm-specific RNA interference of chorionic somatomammotropin alters glucose metabolism in sheep fetal liver
Authors: Ali Asghar , Howerton Mary , Winger Quinton A , Rozance Paul J , Anthony Russell V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chorionic somatomammotropin (CSH) is a placenta-specific hormone and secreted into both fetal and maternal circulation. Reduced maternal CSH is observed with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in both humans and sheep, and it has long been held that CSH modulates maternal and fetal metabolism. We hypothesized that CSH deficiency, created by RNA interference (RNAi), could impact fetal liver glucose metabolism. To generate CSH-deficient pregnancies, day 9 hatched blastocysts were infected with lentiviral particles expressing CSH-specific shRNA (RNAi) or scramble control shRNA (SC) and transferred to synchronized recipients. CSH RNAi generated two distinct phenotypes at 135 dGA; CSH RNAi pregnancies with IUGR (RNAi-IUGR; n = 8) or without IUGR (RNAi; n = 8). Data from both RNAi phenotypes were compared separately with SC using Welch’s t-test. Liver and placental weights were reduced (P &lt; 0.05) in RNAi-IUGR pregnancies, but not in RNAi pregnancies, as compared to SC (n = 8). Umbilical artery plasma insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) concentrations were decreased (P &lt; 0.05), whereas insulin receptor beta (IRβ) concentration, as determined by Western immunoblot analysis, in fetal liver was increased (P &lt; 0.05) in both RNAi phenotypes. Fetal liver glycogen quantity was also increased (P &lt; 0.05) in both RNAi phenotypes. Glycogen synthase-1 (GYS-1) concentration in fetal liver was increased (P &lt; 0.05) in both RNAi phenotypes, whereas there was no change in GYS-2 concentration. Phosphorylated-GYS (inactive GYS) was reduced (P &lt; 0.05) in fetal livers for both RNAi phenotypes. Lactate dehydrogenase beta (LDHβ) concentration was increased (P &lt; 0.05) and IGF2 concentration was decreased (P &lt; 0.05) in RNAi-IUGR fetal livers only. From these results we conclude that fetal liver glucose metabolism is impacted by CSH RNAi, independent of IUGR, and is likely tied to enhanced insulin sensitivity in both CSH RNAi phenotypes. Differences between the two phenotypes may help differentiate direct and indirect effects of CSH. Supported by NIH R01 HD093701.
PSXI-12 Effect of copper on aminotransferases serum activity in European carp
Authors: Taraskin Artem O , Polistovskaia Polina A , Enukashvili Abram I , Kozitcyna Anna I , Bakhta Alesya A , Balykina Anna B , Karpenko Larisa Y , Plemyashov Kirill 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess toxic influence of heavy metals in fish. This research was intended to analyze aminotransferases (ALT, AST) serum activity under the influence of various copper concentrations in European carp. Intracellular enzymes activity level elevation in serum is a sign of hepatocites toxic destruction and an indicator of profound cell alterations. In this experiment 3 groups of fish (European carp) were formed, 10 fish in each group: control group; 1-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.01 mg/l copper acetate concentration (10 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation); 2-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.1 mg/l copper acetate concentration (100 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation). Exposure time was 4 hours. The blood samplings were taken from heart by syringe and placed in dry test tubes. After samplings centrifugation in non-hemolysed serum samples ALT and AST activities were assessed. The study revealed that there was meaningful elevation of ALT and AST serum activity (P ≤ 0.01) by 19.77% (25.68 ± 0,59 IU/l) and 16.84% (264.85 ± 7.6 IU/l) accordingly in 1-experimental group in comparison with control group (21.44 ± 0.72 IU/l и 226.68 ± 4.35 IU/l). In cases where the copper acetate concentration was 100 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit there was meaningful elevation of ALT and AST serum activity (P ≤ 0.01) by 81,62 % (38.94 ± 0.83 IU/l) and 71.81% (389.46 ± 18.7 IU/l) accordingly in 2-experimental group in comparison with control group. After analyzing the received data, there were established meaningful aminotransferases serum activity elevation under the influence of various copper concentrations in European carp. This was possibly due to gluconeogenesis activation in order to support an adequate glucose level in conditions of catabolic process dominance during copper poisoning.
PSXI-13 Effect of performance indicators, food expenses and interest rate on lamb production cost
Authors: Rezende Vanessa , Sartorello Gustavo L , Reis Beatriz Q , Boldrin Guilherme , Alves Laya , Moreno Danny , Souza Miguel , Raineri Camila , Gameiro Augusto H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aimed at comparing the influence of zootechnical performance and main cost items over the total production cost of lambs. A representative production system of São José do Rio Preto region, Brazil, designed in a panel meeting, was used as a study basis. We calculated lamb production costs, including variable costs, fixed costs, and income of factors, using the data from December 2019. We then estimated elasticities for the variables: feed expense, interest rate, carcass yield, lamb survival rate, and fertility rate. This way we compared the variation in total cost per year and per carcass caused by increases of 1% in each of the considered variables. In the base scenario, production costs per year and unit were, respectively, US$ 33,367.34 and US$ 4.81. Feed expenses, annual interest rate, mean carcass yield, lamb survival rate, and fertility rate were, respectively, US$ 22,316.74, 4.50%, 48.00%, 88.00%, and 85.00%. Regarding annual cost, changing each variable caused variations of +0.67%, +0.05%, 0.00%, +0.33% and +0.33%. Concerning cost per unit, the variations were +0.76%, +0.07%, -0.98%, -0.61% and -0.64%, respectively. Increasing lamb survival and fertility rates were also effective strategies to lower unitary cost. The cost component with feed represented 66.88% of the total production cost, but measures to reduce feed costs must be well conducted to not affect the zootechnical performance of the animals. Farmers must consider cost per unit when thinking about lowering production costs, instead of the annual cost. Increasing lamb carcass yield had a greater impact on reducing unitary cost than cutting feed expenses. Improving performance indicators demand good nutritional status for lambs and ewes, and cutting off feed expenses may have deleterious effects on animal performance, therefore increasing cost. Elasticity analysis is a useful tool to calculate such trade-offs at the farm level.
PSII-8 Different nutritional management strategies post-weaning in growth and reproductive performance of Nellore heifers
Authors: Araújo Laylles C , Prados Laura F , Moriel Philipe , Vasconcelos José Luiz M , Resende Flávio D , Siqueira Gustavo R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate different nutritional management strategies (drylot vs. supplementation on pasture) to optimize growth and reproductive performance of Nellore heifers submitted to the fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) at 14–15 mo. On d0, 126 weaned Nellore heifers (152±22 kg of BW; 240±28 days of age) were stratified by BW and age, and randomly assigned to receive: (1) high-concentrate-based diet (62.2% TDN, 12.0% CP of DM of diet) ad libitum in feedlot from d 0 to 246 (FDL; 6 pens and 7 heifers/pen); (2) fixed supplementation at 1% of BW on Brachiaria pastures from d0 to 246 (PAS10; 6 pastures; 7 heifers/pastures and 4 ha/pasture); and (3) increasing supplementation on Brachiaria pastures at 0.8% of BW from d 0 to 80 and 1.2% of BW from d 81 to 246 (PAS812; 6 pastures; 7 heifers/pastures and 4 ha/pasture). Supplement offered to heifers on pasture consisted of corn, soybean meal, urea, and minerals (78% TDN, 22% CP of DM at dry season and 79% TDN, 20% CP of DM at rainy season). Final pregnancy rate was determined on d238. Heifer BW on d160 was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for FDL vs. PAS10 and PAS812 (264 vs. 251 and 253±10.1 kg, respectively). Overall ADG from d0 to the start of breeding season (d160) and BW on d246 were greater (P &lt; 0.01) for FDL vs. PAS10 and PAS812 (0.72 vs. 0.62 and 0.64±0.02 kg/d, and 325 vs. 310 and 316 ±10.3 kg, respectively). Heifer BW on d160 and 246 and ADG from d0 to 160 did not differ between PAS10 and PAS812 (P ≥ 0.33). Final pregnancy rates did not differ (P = 0.75) among treatments. Therefore, growth performance, but not pregnancy rates following FTAI, was enhanced for Nellore heifers developed in drylot vs. pasture systems and submitted to FTAI at 14–15 mo.
PSII-9 Drylot weaned calves at dry-to-rainy transition and rainy season and their effects on the growing phase
Authors: Nascimento Felipe A , Prados Laura F , Sousa Luciana M , Oliveira Ivanna M , Resende Flávio D , Siqueira Gustavo R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the best nutritional strategy for weaned calves at dry-to-rainy transition and rainy season and their effects on the growing phase. One hundred sixteen Nellore weaned males (initial BW of 173±23 kg; 10 months) were used in a randomized complete block design (blocked by BW) in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments (divided in 12 lots with 9 or 10 animals/lot). Factor 1 was the strategy in the dry-to-rainy season transition (period I; pasture vs. drylot) and factor 2 was the strategy for the rainy season [period II; mineral salt ad libitum (MS) vs. supplement 3 g/kg BW]; consisting of four treatments: pasture in period I and MS in period II; pasture in period I and protein-energy supplement in period II (PEII); drylot in period I and mineral salt in period II; drylot in period I and PEII. At period I, all animals received a protein-energy supplementation (5 g/kg BW). The experiment lasted 244 days. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS. In period I, animals from drylot had highest final BW and ADG (P &lt; 0.01; Table 1). There was no interaction among factors (P ≥ 0.772) in period II. In period II, ADG and carcass gain were highest from pasture animals (P &lt; 0.01). Final BW and HCW were similar (P &gt;0.788) at the end of period II, showing that animals recovery BW. Among strategies at rainy season, animals fed PEII had greater final BW and ADG (P &lt; 0.01). Overall growing phase, HCW and carcass gain were greater for animals fed PEII (P &lt; 0.01). Regardless of the strategy used in the dry-to-rainy season transition, animals were able to equalize final BW at the end of growing phase. In addition, protein-energy supplement at rainy season improves animal performance at the end of growing phase.
PSII-21 Effects of barley starch proportion in diets on nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microorganisms of fattening Hu sheep
Authors: Ma Xiaowen , Li Fadi , Li Fei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of fattening Hu sheep diet with barley starch instead of corn starch in different proportions on the production performance, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbial of fattening Hu sheep. In this experiment, 72 Hu lambs (average BW:29.70 ± 1.70 kg) were selected and randomly divided into 4 treatments according to single factor block experiment. Each treatment included 18 replicates(n=18) and each sheep was raised in individual pen. Barely starch (BS) and corn starch (CS) were the starch source of the diets. Four treatments are BS-0 group(0%BS+100%CS), BS-33 group(33%BS+66%CS), BS-66 group(66%BS+33%CS), BS-100 group(100%BS+0%CS). The experiment lasted for 79 days with 7 days pre-feeding period and 63 days formal period(n=18), the last 6 days and 3 days were assigned to the digestibility(n=6) and sampled(n=10) after slaughter respectively. All dates were analyzed using the one-way ANOVE of SPSS 25.0. The results showed that the DM, OM, NDF and ADF digestibility of BS-0 group were higher than BS-100 group (P&lt;0.05). the DM, OM and NDF digestibility of BS-66 group were higher than BS-100 group. Total VFA concentration of BS-66 and BS-100 is significantly higher than BS-33 and BS-0 (P&lt;0.05). the propionate concentration of BS-33 is lower than BS-66 (P&lt;0.05). The ruminal pH and NH3-N concentration of BS-33 are higher than BS-66 (P&lt;0.05).BS-0 group has a higher ACE Chao1 and Shannon index than BS-100. At the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes increased and the abundance of Proteobacteria decreased in BS-100(P&lt;0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Ruminobacter in BS-100 is higher than other groups (P&lt;0.05). These results indicated that the feeding efficiency of corn starch has positive affect than barley starch. 66% barley starch substitutes corn starch can improve nutrient digestibility and be good for rumen health.