bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P.03 Local Pulse Wave Velocity Estimation using a Double Gaussian Propagation Model
Authors: Beutel Fabian , Van Hoof Chris , Hermeling Evelien 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an established marker of arterial stiffness [1]. Local PWV estimates, however, are affected by confluence of incident and reflected waves, biasing the spatiotemporal propagation of the systolic foot (SF) in the distension waveform [2,3]. We, therefore, propose a Double Gaussian Propagation Model (DGPM) to estimate PWV in consideration of local wave dynamics.

Methods
Ten subjects (38 ± 10 years) were measured in rest for 2 minutes, repeatedly in 3 sessions over 3 weeks. From carotid ultrasonography (Vantage64, VerasonicsInc.,USA), we acquired 32 distension waveforms over a 19 mm wide arterial segment, simultaneously with noninvasive continuous blood pressure (NOVA, FinapresMedicalSystemsB.V., NL). The DGPM, fitted to the detrended second derivative (of the SF-complex, was defined as:
with time t[s], segment distance x[m] and 8 parameters modelling all 32 waveforms, i.e. a(mplitude)[a.u.], c(entroid)[s], w(idth) [s] and v(elocity)[m/s] of the forward (1) and backward (2) propagating wave, respectively (see Figure). Quality of fitting (QoF) was assessed as percentage of the waveform accounted by DGPM relative to the mean amplitude. Per cardiac cycle, PWVDGPM (= v1), spatiotemporal PWV(PWVST) from linear regression of SF distances and timings, and Bramwell-Hill PWV (PWVBH) were computed [4]. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed between session means of local PWV measures and PWVBH.

Results
The DGPM adequately models the SF-complex (mean QoF = 85% for >20.000 cardiac cycles). For PWVBH, PWVDGPM shows a significantly higher predictive utility compared to PWVST (r: 0.64 vs. 0.10).

Conclusion
The proposed DGPM demonstrates significant predictive utility for PWV by accounting for wave confluence. This may facilitate the clinical practicality of local arterial stiffness estimation.
P.06 Comparison of Manual vs. Automated Haemodynamic Monitoring Systems in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory
Authors: Alanezi AbdulRehman , Khan Fayaz Mohammad , Alotaibi Taher , Alhaddadi Bandar , Alanazi Fahad , Alqahtani Mohammad , Alsheri Jaber , Masrahi Ali , Aljumah Faisal , AlShamamry Hanan , Alwasel Ziyad , Balghith Mohammad , Ayoub Kamal , Ghamdi Ali Al , Mahmud Azra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Hemodynamic monitoring is an integral part of a cardiac catheterization procedure; however it is prone to many distortions, including damping and resonance [1].

Objectives
We sought to compare damping ratio, ascending aortic pressure waveform and invasive blood pressure between Manifold and ACIST CVi® devices in subjects undergoing cardiac catheterization.

Methods
This prospective randomised, single-blind, cross-over study was conducted in 81 adults subjects (mean age 59.2 ± 12, 24% females) undergoing cardiac catheterization. The fast-flush test [2] was performed at the beginning of the procedure with both Manifold and ACIST. The square wave was analysed to calculate the damping coefficient. Data analyzed by JMP Pro (SAS for Windows, Version 13) p < 0.05 considered significant.

Results
The mean damping ratio was 0.63 ± 0.11 (range 0.34–0.95) with Manifold vs. 0.94 ± 0.25 (range 0.53–2.1) with ACIST, mean difference 0.30, p < 0.0001. The pressures were significantly different between the two devices; systolic –2.85 (p < 0.05); diastolic –5.2 (p < 0.0001) and mean pressure 3.5 (p < 0.01), mmHg. The inter-device BP difference showed a wide scatter; systolic, –24 to +67; diastolic, –44 to +25 and mean pressure, –24 to +54 mmHg.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing a manual haemdynamic monitoring system to an automated one commonly used in the cardiac cath lab. The Manifold meets the international recommendations for accurate haemodynamic monitoring, compared with an overdamped ACIST which also underestimated pressures in our study. Manifold may be the preferred device for haemodynamic monitoring, particularly patients haemodynamically unstable, with cardiomyopathies and valvular heart disease.
P.08 Biomechanical Characterization of Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms in Humans: A Continuum Approach to in vivo Deformations
Authors: Parikh Shaiv , Spronck Bart , Debeij Gijs , Ganizada Berta , Ramaekers Mitch , Schalla Simon , Natour Ehsan , Maessen Jos , Delhaas Tammo , Huberts Wouter , Bidar Elham , Reesink Koen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Dysfunctional cellular mechanosensing appears central to aneurysm formation [1]. We aimed to derive material parameters of aneurysm tissue from in vivo deformations, which may increase insight into the underlying structural integrity of the pathological tissue.

Methods
Videos of tracking markers (example Video in supplement, screenshot in Figure) placed on ascending aortic segments were captured alongside radial arterial blood pressure in patients undergoing open-thorax ascending thoracic aorta aneurysm (ATAA) repair (n = 5) and coronary bypass (controls; n = 2). Normalised cross-correlation was used to determine marker displacements, resulting in estimates of systolic/diastolic diameters, distensibility, and cyclic axial engineering strain. A thinwalled, cylindrical geometry was assumed, with amorphous (Neo-Hookean) and fibrous (two-family) constitutive contributions [2]. This framework was fitted to individual patient measurements, by varying parameters c (amorphous material constant), k1 and k2 (fiber stiffness and strain stiffening parameter), β (fiber angle w.r.t. circumferential direction), unloaded intact length (L), and internal radius (Ri).

Results
Axial strain tended to be lower (expected) and distensibility larger (unexpected) in aneurysm than controls (Figure). However, the intrinsic pressure-dependence of distensibility must be considered when drawing conclusions related to differences in structural stiffness between both groups [3]. Material stiffness parameters (c and k1) appeared higher in aneurysm patients than in controls which is in line with previous studies in mice [4].

Conclusion
We are developing a method to determine ATAA material properties from in vivo deformations and observed increased material stiffness in ATAA.

Aneurysm
Control

Measured outcomes

Diastolic diameter
[mm]
40 ± 5
23 ± 3

DBP
[mmHg]
58 ± 11
34 ± 2

SBP
[mmHg]
90 ± 18
93 ± 7

Distensibility
[MPa–1]
4.3 ± 3.0
3.7 ± 1.1

Axial strain
[%]
4.3 ± 2.1
7.6 ± 3.5

Estimated properties

c
[kPa]
37 ± 29
15 ± 13

k
[kPa]
43 ± 26
24 ± 24

R1
[mm]
17 ± 1
10 ± 1

β
[degrees]
35 ± 3
36 ± 2

k2
–
34 ± 9
37 ± 3

L
[mm]
24 ± 5
15 ± 2
P.12 Investigating the Role of Glycemic Markers in Pulse Pressure Amplification in Young Adults: The African-PREDICT Study
Authors: Breet Yolandi , Lammertyn Leandi , Smith Wayne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective
Pulse pressure amplification (PPA) is described as the amplification of pulse pressure from central arteries to the periphery [1] and individuals with a decreased PPA have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease [2]. Adverse changes in PPA are evident in diabetic populations [3]; however, it is unclear whether PPA differs along varying degrees of glycaemia in young healthy populations. We therefore investigated whether PPA is attenuated with higher levels of glycemic markers and whether PPA is associated with glycemic markers independent of other known risk factors.

Methods
We included 1195 men and women from the African-PREDICT study, aged 20–30 years, with no prior diagnosis of chronic disease. We determined supine central PP (cPP) using the SphygmoCor XCEL device and PPA was defined as the ratio of the amplitude of the PP between the distal and proximal locations (bPP/cPP). Fasting glucose and glycated haemoglobin were determined and the study population was stratified by tertiles of each glycemic marker.

Results
The mean PPA was lower in the highest tertile of fasting glucose when compared to the lowest tertile (1.11 vs. 1.23; p ≤ 0.001). PPA declined with increasing levels of fasting glucose (p–trend ≤ 0.001) after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, height, heart rate and mean arterial pressure. In multivariable adjusted regression, we found an independent inverse association between PPA and fasting glucose (β = −0.15, p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion
PPA decreases with an increase in fasting glucose in adults younger than 30 years, exemplifying early vascular changes which may increase future cardiovascular risk.

Table
Forward stepwise multiple regression analyses between PPA and fasting glucose

Pulse pressure amplification 0.15

Adjusted R2
β (SE)
p

Age (years)
–0.17 (0.03)
<0.001

Sex
0.10 (0.04)
0.023

Ethnicity
0.02 (0.03)
0.573

Height (cm)
0.13 (0.04)
0.005

Waist circumference (cm)
–0.06 (0.03)
0.150

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)
0.17 (0.03)
<0.001

Heart rate (bpm)
0.10 (0.03)
<0.001

LDL-c (mmol/L)
–0.04 (0.03)
0.179

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)
–0.15 (0.03)
<0.001

Total energy expenditure (kCal)
0.06 (0.04)
0.091

Self-reported smoking (%)
–0.01 (0.02)
0.809

Self-reported alcohol use (%)
–0.03 (0.02)
0.350

Data expressed as beta-values and standard errors. LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. p-values ≤ 0.05 regarded as significant.
P.16 Expanding on the Observed Correlation between the Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index and the Lower Limit of Cerebral Autoregulation during Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Gavish Benjamin , Gottschalk Allan , Hogue Charles W , Steppan Jochen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The lower limit of cerebral autoregulation (LLA) refers to the mean blood pressure (BP) below which cerebral blood flow becomes pressure-dependent, resulting, among others, in an increased stroke risk. The LLA measured during cardiac surgery, correlates with the vascular measure Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index (AASI) determined from intraoperative continuous radial BP before cardiopulmonary bypass [1]. Using these data we investigated added factors that may enhance this correlation.

Design and method
The study population included 167 patients undergoing cardiac surgery (age 71 ± 8 years, 68% males) with good-quality BP records. The AASI. Additionally tested predictors were body-mass index (BMI), the coefficient of variation (SD/mean) of the systolic BP (SBP_CV), the composite variables BMI*(1-AASI), and its linear combination with SBP_CV. The odds ratio (OR) was determined by applying logistic regression to dichotomized predictors (by medians) and LLA- (by selected thresholds) adjusted to age, sex, diabetes mellitus, heart rate and preoperative diastolic BP.

Results
The Table shows that the LLA of individuals correlated significantly with each of the (continuous) predictors, and the adjusted OR increased for the composite predictors (dichotomized), while showing insensitivity to adjustors. The ORs reached a maximum for a LLA threshold of 55 mmHg.

Conclusion
The newly-defined composite predictors that increased the likelihood of predicting a LLA higher than 55 mmHg enhances our knowledge regarding the cerebral vasculature and autoregulation, and BP variability determinants of LLA under anesthesia.

Table

Univariate regression
Adjusted OR

Predictor
r (p-value)
Mean [95% CI] (p-value)

AASI
0.27 (0.0004)
2.41 [1.16–5.00] (0.02)

BMI
−0.26 (0.0007)
3.77 [1.78–8.00] (0.0005)

SBP_CV
−0.29 (0.0002)
3.50 [1.71–7.16] (0.0006)

BMI*(1-AASI)
−0.35 (0.000005)
4.51 [2.16–9.40] (0.00006)

80*SBP_CV + BMI*(1-AASI)
−0.44 (<0.000001)
8.20 [3.67–18.3] (<0.000001)
P.22 Mortality in 98 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Individuals Presenting to a Specialist Podiatry Clinic: Foot Ulcer Location is an Independent Risk Determinant
Authors: Schofield Heather , Haycocks Samantha , Robinson Adam , Anderson Simon G , Heald Adrian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose/Background
We previously demonstrated in both longitudinal study and meta-analysis (pooled relative-risk RR, 2.45) [1,2] that all-cause and cardiovascular mortality is significantly higher in people with diabetes foot ulceration (DFU) than with those without a foot ulcer. In this prospective study, we looked at the factors linked to mortality after presentation to podiatry with DFU.

Methods
98 individuals recruited consecutively from the Salford Royal Hospital Multidisciplinary Foot Clinic in Spring 2016 were followed for up to 48 months. Data concerning health outcomes were extracted from the electronic patient record (EPR).

Results
Seventeen people (17) had type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and 81 had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 31 were women. The mean age (range) was 63.6 (28–90) years with maximum diabetes duration 45 years. Mean HbA1c was 72 (95% CI: 67–77) mmol/mol. 97% had neuropathy (International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) monoflament) [2]. 62% had vascular insufficiency (Doppler studies). 69% of ulcers were forefoot and 23% of ulcers were hind foot in location. 40/98 (39.2%) died in follow-up with 27% of death certificates including sepsis (not foot-related) and 35% renal failure as cause of death. Multivariate regression analysis indicated a 6.3 (95% CI: 3.9–8.1) fold increased risk of death with hind foot ulcer, independent of age/BMI/gender/HbA1c/eGFR/total cholesterol level.

Conclusion
This prospective study has shown a close relation between risk of sepsis/renal failure and presentation to a specialist podiatry clinic with hind foot ulceration an independent risk factor, highlighting again the importance of addressing cardiovascular risk factors [3] as soon as people present with DFU.
P.27 Mechanisms of NADPH Oxidase Participation in the Regulation of Diaphragm Artery Contractile Responses
Authors: Borzykh Anna , Kuzmin Ilya , Vinogradova Olga , Tarasova Olga 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH-oxidase (NOX) participate in vascular tone control, but their effects in the arteries of respiratory muscles is poorly understood. Possible targets of vasoregulatory ROS influence are NO-pathway in the endothelium and Rho-kinase pathway in smooth muscle cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction of NOX-dependent control with NO- and Rho-kinase signaling pathways in rat diaphragm arteries (DA).
Methods
The segments of DA were isolated from male Wistar rats and mounted in wire myograph (DMT A/S). We studied the effects of NOX inhibitor VAS2870 (1 μM) on contractile responses to a1-adrenergic agonist methoxamine in the absence and in the presence of NO synthase (L-NNA 100 μM) or Rho-kinase (Y27632, 3 μM) inhibitors as well as in the presence of NO donor DEA/NO.

Results
VAS2879 prominently attenuated the contractile responses of DA to methoxamine (30% decrease of the area under the concentration-response curve). L-NNA and Y27632 increased and decreased methoxamine-induced contraction of DA, respectively. L-NNA did not change the effects of VAS2870 and the sensitivity to DEA/NO did not differ in arteries with active and inhibited NOX. Along with that Y27632 eliminated the effects of VAS2879 on DA contractile responses to methoxamine.

Conclusions
We showed that NOX-produced ROS potentiate contractile responses of DA. ROS did not affect the activity of NO-pathway in either endothelial or smooth muscle cells of DA. However, ROS modulate the activity of the Rho-kinase pathway in DA smooth muscle cells. Supported by RSF (project No 19-75-00060).
P.28 Comparison of Regional vs Local Arterial Parameters Using New US Technology
Authors: Forcada Pedro , Kendy N G , Garcia Ricardo , Maur Romina , Florio Jose , Almada Horacio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Environment
It has been described that muscular arteries behaviour is different from aorta, and regional parameters like IMT, atherosclerotic plaques burden, PWV-c and endothelial function are related with age and risk factors and are powerful prognostic markers but it is not the case of local parameters like wall shear stress (WSS), local PWV or beta index in muscular arteries like common carotid artery, only just recently available in the clinical practice.

Objective
To analyze the relationship of regional and local arterial parameters with age and its potential use in the clinical practice.

Methods
We evaluated 100 consecutive patients from April 2019 to February 2020 with a Resona 7 (Mindray) US device with tools to measure IMT, atherosclerotic load, PWV and endothelial function and by means of VFlow Doppler, an innovative multivectorial Doppler technology, we evaluated WSS and with radiofrequency edge detectors, stiffness parameters like PWV and beta index.

Results
IMT remodelling, plaques burden, PWV correlated tightly with age and endothelial function did but inverserly (regression p > 0.05). Local carotid parameters like wall shear stress, PWV and beta index were grouped within a range, independently of age. (regression p NS).

Conclusion
The evaluation of local parameters has been proposed as markers of arterial disease and they are independent of age which makes easier to detect abnormal values out o frange, early markers of vascular disease, even before atherosclerosis is present. WSS is used for the first time in the current clinical practice.
P.33 Changes in Blood Pressure, Pulse Wave Velocity and Augmentation Index Induced by Postural Changes and Exercise
Authors: Rodilla Enrique , Chordá José , Gea Andrea , Costa Jose Antonio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To determine how orthostatic changes in body position alter BP and estimation of pulse wave velocity (PWV) and Augmentation Index (AIx), when changing from supine to the sitting position [1]. Also, to analyze the effect of a short physical exercise and of physical training status on PWV/AIx in supine and sitting position.

Methods
Cross-sectional, observational study in 63 voluntary healthy students. Age, height, weight, waist and smoking habits were assessed. We estimated peripheral and central BP, AIx and PWV (brachial oscillometry, AGEDIO, IEM®, Stollberg) after 5′ in supine position (SUP), then after 30″ in sitting (SIT) and again in sitting position after 25 squats in 30″ (EXE). A validated questionnaire (Vital sign, https://www.seh-lelha.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/GuiaEjercicioRCV.pdf) was implemented to assess chronic physical condition (CPC).

Results
52, 4% were women, mean age was 23.2 years. Systolic, diastolic and median BP rose from 115/67/89 (SUP) to 118/72/93 (SIT) and to 122/67/93 (EXE) mmHg (p < 0.001 for all comparisons to SUP), PWV was 4.9 (SUP), 4.9 (SIT) and 5.0 (EXE) m/s, with no significant difference. Variables associated with PWV were central BP (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), gender (p < 0.001) and AIx (p = 0.04), but not CPC. Predictors of AIx were heart rate (p = 0.003), BMI (p = 0.03) and CPC (p = 0.03). The latter became more significant in the transition from SUP over SIT to EXE (R2 of multivariate analysis 0.23, 0.55 and 0.68, respectively).

Conclusions
Although peripheral BP significantly changed from supine, sitting and post-exercise sitting, PWV remained constant. Chronic physical condition did not affect PWV, but was associated with wave reflection.
P.34 Preeclampsia Leads to the Delayed Development of Sympathetic Control of the Cardiovascular System in the Offspring
Authors: Selivanova Ekaterina , Shvetsova Anastasia , Potekhina Victoria , Gaynullina Dina , Borzykh Anna , Kiryukhina Oxana , Kuzmin Vladislav , Tarasova Olga 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy disease characterized by hypertension and kidney failure. Recent studies have shown that even in the case of successful delivery, preeclampsia could induce long-term effects in the offspring. Nevertheless, the effects of preeclampsia on the cardiovascular system of the offspring are poorly studied.

Methods
We induced preeclampsia in pregnant rats by L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) supplementation (250 mg/l in drinking water from gestation day 10 to delivery, daily dose 39 mg/kg). The model was verified by the dam’s blood pressure (BP) elevation (tail-cuff) and creatinine clearance reduction (metabolic cages) compared to control dams. Male offspring 16–18-day old were used for BP recording (catheter technique under urethane anesthesia); their isolated arteries were studied by wire myography. Adrenergic nerve plexus was visualized by glyoxylic acid staining.

Results
Offspring of dams with preeclampsia had reduced body weight compared to control. They also demonstrated decreased BP (43.3 ± 1.9 vs 50.5 ± 1.4 mmHg) and diminished response to the ganglionic blocker chlorizondamine (2.5 mg/kg); heart rate didn’t differ between the groups. The density of the sympathetic innervation of the right atrium and the saphenous artery was reduced in the preeclampsia offspring. Saphenous arteries from preeclampsia offspring had smaller diameter (276 ± 5 vs. 296 ± 7 micron) and maximal contraction force (9.4 ± 0.4 vs. 10.6 ± 0.4 mN) compared to control.

Conclusions
Preeclampsia is followed by the delay in sympathetic nervous system development in the offspring, which is accompanied by structural and functional alterations in the cardiovascular system.
The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation (Grant N 19-15-00210).
P.39 The Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Vascular Ageing. Which Parameter is the Most Suitable as Biomarker?
Authors: Mayer Otto , Gelžinský Július , Seidlerová Jitka , Filipovský Jan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are involved into several pathophysiologic processes in vascular diseases, including progressive loss of elasticity of vessel wall (arterial stiffness). Circulating soluble receptor for AGEs (sRAGE) act as a decoy and counterbalanced the harmful properties of AGEs as the natural protective factor [1,2]. We compared the role of circulating or skin-deposed AGEs and sRAGE regarding natural course of arterial stiffening.

Methods
In a prospective cohort study, we longitudinally followed 536 general-population-based subjects (subsample of Czech post-MONICA study). Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured twice (at baseline and after ~8 years of follow-up) using a SphygmoCor device (AtCor Medical Ltd.), and the intraindividual change in PWV per year (∆PWV/year) was calculated. Concentrations of sRAGE and carboxylmethyl lysine (circulating AGEs) were assessed at follow-up visit by ELISA, while skin AGEs were measured using autofluorescence-based device AGE Reader.

Results
Using multiple regressions, we found significant association between ∆PWV/year as dependent variable and both, sRAGE and skin AGEs as independent ones (each on its own model). However, the closest association to ∆PWV/year were found for ratio of these two factors (skin AGEs/sRAGE) [coeff = 0.0747 (SE 0.0189), p < 0.0001]. In categorized manner, subjects with skin AGEs/sRAGE ratio ≥3.3 showed about two-fold higher risk having PWV/year ≥0.2 m/sec [adjusted odds ratio was 2.09 (95% CI: 1.35–3.22), p = 0.001]. In contrast neither circulating AGEs nor circulating AGEs/sRAGE showed any significant relation to PWV/ year.

Conclusions
Skin AGEs/sRAGE ratio seems to be more sensitive biomarker of vascular ageing than these single factors themselves or circulation status of AGEs [3].