bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forensic mental health in Europe: some key figures
Authors: Tomlin Jack , Lega Ilaria , Braun Peter , Kennedy Harry G. , Herrando Vicente Tort , Barroso Ricardo , Castelletti Luca , Mirabella Fiorino , Scarpa Franco , Völlm Birgit ,   the experts of COST Action IS1302, Pham Thierry , Müller-Isberner Rüdiger , Taube Maris , Rivellini Gianfranco , Calevro Valeria , Liardo Raffaello , Pennino Michele , Markiewicz Inga , Barbosa Fernando , Bulten Erik , Thomson Lindsay , Pustoslemšek Miran , Arroyo Jose Manuel , Seppänen Allan , Thibaut Florence , Kozaric-Kovacic Dragica , Palijan Tija Zarkovic , Markovska-Simoska Silvana , Raleva Marija , Šileikaitė Aldona , Germanavicius Arunas , Čėsnienė Ilona 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
While the number of forensic beds and the duration of psychiatric forensic psychiatric treatment have increased in several European Union (EU) states, this is not observed in others. Patient demographics, average lengths of stay and legal frameworks also differ substantially. The lack of basic epidemiological information on forensic patients and of shared indicators on forensic care within Europe is an obstacle to comparative research. The reasons for such variation are not well understood.

Methods
Experts from seventeen EU states submitted data on forensic bed prevalence rates, gender distributions and average length of stay in forensic in-patient facilities. Average length of stay and bed prevalence rates were examined for associations with country-level variables including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), expenditure on healthcare, prison population, general psychiatric bed prevalence rates and democracy index scores.

Results
The data demonstrated substantial differences between states. Average length of stay was approximately ten times greater in the Netherlands than Slovenia. In England and Wales, 18% of patients were female compared to 5% in Slovenia. There was a 17-fold difference in forensic bed rates per 100,000 between the Netherlands and Spain. Exploratory analyses suggested average length of stay was associated with GDP, expenditure on healthcare and democracy index scores.

Conclusion
The data presented in this study represent the most recent overview of key epidemiological data in forensic services across seventeen EU states. However, systematically collected epidemiological data of good quality remain elusive in forensic psychiatry. States need to develop common definitions and recording practices and contribute to a publicly available database of such epidemiological indicators.
General flation models for count data
Authors: Böhning Dankmar , Ogden Helen E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe paper discusses very general extensions to existing inflation models for discrete random variables, allowing an arbitrary set of points in the sample space to be either inflated or deflated relative to a baseline distribution. The term flation is introduced to cover either inflation or deflation of counts. Examples include one-inflated count models where the baseline distribution is zero-truncated and count models for data with a few unusual large values. The main result is that inference about the baseline distribution can be based solely on the truncated distribution which arises when the entire set of flation points is truncated. A major application of this result relates to estimating the size of a hidden target population, and examples are provided to illustrate our findings.
Radiation exposure in endovascular stroke treatment of acute basilar artery occlusions—a matched-pair analysis
Authors: Weyland Charlotte S. , Potreck Arne , Neuberger Ulf , Möhlenbruch Markus A. , Nagel Simon , Ringleb Peter A. , Bendszus Martin , Pfaff Johannes A. R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To determine the radiation exposure in endovascular stroke treatment (EST) of acute basilar artery occlusions (BAO) and compare it with radiation exposure of EST for embolic middle cerebral artery occlusions (MCAO).

Methods
In this retrospective analysis of an institutional review board−approved prospective stroke database of a comprehensive stroke center, we focused on radiation exposure (as per dose area product in Gy × cm2, median (IQR)), procedure time, and fluoroscopy time (in minutes, median [IQR]) in patients receiving EST for BAO. Patients who received EST for BAO were matched case by case with patients who received EST for MCAO according to number of thrombectomy attempts, target vessel reperfusion result, and thrombectomy technique.

Results
Overall 180 patients (n = 90 in each group) were included in this analysis. General anesthesia was conducted more often during EST of BAO (BAO: 75 (83.3%); MCAO: 18 (31.1%), p < 0.001). Procedure time (BAO: 31 (20–43); MCAO: 27 (18–38); p value 0.226) and fluoroscopy time (BAO: 29 (20–59); MCAO: 29 (17–49), p value 0.317) were comparable. Radiation exposure was significantly higher in patients receiving EST for BAO (BAO: 123.4 (78.7–204.2); MCAO: 94.3 (65.5–163.7), p value 0.046), which represents an increase by 23.7%.

Conclusion
Endovascular stroke treatment of basilar artery occlusions is associated with a higher radiation exposure compared with treatment of middle cerebral artery occlusions.
Hormonal Evaluation of Incidental Adrenal Masses: The Exception, Not the Rule
Authors: Kirsch Michael J. , Hsu Kun‐Tai , Lee Matthew H. , Pickhardt Perry J. , Kim David H. , Sippel Rebecca S. , Dedhia Priya H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncidental adrenal masses (IAMs) occur in approximately 4% of patients undergoing abdominal CT scans for any indication. Hormonal evaluation is recommended for all IAMs. The purpose of this study was to identify the rate of IAMs in a screening population and to determine the adequacy of endocrine evaluation of newly identified IAMs based on established guidelines.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 6913 patients undergoing a non‐contrast screening CT colonography at a single academic medical center between June 2004 and July 2012.ResultsThe prevalence of IAMs in this asymptomatic screening population was 2.1% (n = 148). Of those patients, 8.8% (n = 11) underwent some form of hormonal evaluation and only 6.4% (n = 8) patients had a “complete” workup. Cortisol, metanephrines, and an aldosterone–renin ratio were evaluated in 8.0%, 7.2%, and 4.0% of patients, respectively. Of the patients (n = 11) who underwent hormonal evaluation, 27.3% had functional masses and 36.4% underwent surgery. Of those who did not have hormonal evaluation, 42.1% (n = 48) had comorbidities that should have prompted hormonal evaluation based on established guidelines. Hormonal evaluation was not performed in 89.4% of patients with hypertension and 21.1% of patients with diabetes. 88.9% of patients on three or more antihypertensive medications did not undergo any hormonal evaluation.ConclusionsCompliance with IAM workup guidelines is poor, which may result in missed diagnosis of functional adrenal masses. Establishment of a robust protocol and education on appropriate workup for IAMs is necessary for adequate hormonal evaluation.
Carbon use efficiency and microbial functional diversity in a temperate Luvisol and a tropical Nitisol after millet litter and N addition
Authors: Schroeder Julia , Jannoura Ramia , Beuschel René , Pfeiffer Birgit , Dyckmans Jens , Murugan Rajasekaran , Chavannavar Suvarna , Wachendorf Christine , Joergensen Rainer Georg 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTropical soils often contain less soil organic C (SOC) and microbial biomass C (MBC) than temperate soils and, thus, exhibit lower soil fertility. The addition of plant residues and N fertilizers can improve soil fertility, which might be reflected by microbial C use efficiency (CUE) and functional diversity. A 42-day incubation study was carried out, adding leaf litter of the C4 plant finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.) and inorganic 15N fertilizer. The aim was to investigate amendment effects on CUE and functional diversity in a tropical Nitisol and a temperate Luvisol. At day 42, 28% of the millet litter-derived C (C4) added was mineralised to CO2C4 in the temperate Luvisol and only 18% in the tropical Nitisol, averaging all N treatments. In contrast, none of the different fractions used for calculating CUE values, i.e. CO2C4, MBC4, microbial residue C4, and particulate organic matter C4, differed between the soils in the N0 (no N addition) treatment. CUE values considering microbial residues varied around 0.63, regardless of soil type and sampling day, which needs further evaluation. Millet litter increased autochthonous SOC-derived CO2C3 production, but N addition did not. This priming effect was apparently not caused by N mining. The respiratory response to most substrates added by multi-substrate-induced respiration (MSIR) and, thus, functional diversity was higher in the Luvisol than in the Nitisol. Millet litter had positive and N addition negative effects on the functional diversity of Nitisol, indicating that MSIR is a useful tool for evaluating soil fertility.
Pai syndrome: a review
Authors: Olivero Francesca , Foiadelli Thomas , Luzzi Sabino , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Savasta Salvatore 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Pai syndrome is a rare idiopathic developmental condition characterized by midline craniofacial abnormalities. It was originally described as the presence of a median cleft lip, cutaneous polyps of the nasal mucosa and face, and midline lipomas of the central nervous system, mostly at the corpus callosum. However, there is great phenotypical variability and these characteristics are rarely all present at once.

Objective
The aim of this review was to analyze the available evidence regarding Pai syndrome in order to better delineate this rare condition and its features.

Methods
We analyzed the PubMed database using the words “Pai syndrome”, “frontonasal dysplasia”, “cleft lip”, “nasal polyp”, “facial polyp”, and “corpus callosum lipoma”, including reviews, case reports and case series.

Conclusion
There is no consensus regarding the diagnostic criteria of Pai syndrome up to date. It is usually diagnosed at birth, and its incidence is often underestimated. At present, the etiology of Pai syndrome is unknown. Several hypotheses regarding its genetic background have been made; however, there are not enough data yet to elucidate this point. An improved awareness could help in diagnosing the condition and performing the necessary investigations. These patients should have a multidisciplinary follow-up.
Sulforaphane-enriched extracts from glucoraphanin-rich broccoli exert antimicrobial activity against gut pathogens in vitro and innovative cooking methods increase in vivo intestinal delivery of sulforaphane
Authors: Abukhabta Salah , Khalil Ghawi Sameer , Karatzas Kimon Andreas , Charalampopoulos Dimitris , McDougall Gordon , Allwood J. Will , Verrall Susan , Lavery Siobhan , Latimer Cheryl , Pourshahidi L. Kirsty , Lawther Roger , O’Connor Gloria , Rowland Ian , Gill Chris I. R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Studies on broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) indicate beneficial effects against a range of chronic diseases, commonly attributed to their bioactive phytochemicals. Sulforaphane, the bioactive form of glucoraphanin, is formed by the action of the indigenous enzyme myrosinase. This study explored the role that digestion and cooking practices play in bioactivity and bioavailability, especially the rarely considered dose delivered to the colon.

Methods
The antimicrobial activity of sulforaphane extracts from raw, cooked broccoli and cooked broccoli plus mustard seeds (as a source myrosinase) was assessed. The persistence of broccoli phytochemicals in the upper gastrointestinal tract was analysed in the ileal fluid of 11 ileostomates fed, in a cross-over design, broccoli soup prepared with and without mustard seeds.

Results
The raw broccoli had no antimicrobial activity, except against Bacillus cereus, but cooked broccoli (with and without mustard seeds) showed considerable antimicrobial activity against various tested pathogens. The recovery of sulforaphane in ileal fluids post soup consumption was < 1% but the addition of mustard seeds increased colon-available sulforaphane sixfold. However, when sulforaphane was extracted from the ileal fluid with the highest sulforaphane content and tested against Escherichia coli K12, no inhibitory effects were observed. Analysis of glucosinolates composition in ileal fluids revealed noticeable inter-individual differences, with six “responding” participants showing increases in glucosinolates after broccoli soup consumption.

Conclusions
Sulforaphane-rich broccoli extracts caused potent antimicrobial effects in vitro, and the consumption of sulforaphane-enriched broccoli soup may inhibit bacterial growth in the stomach and upper small intestine, but not in the terminal ileum or the colon.
Strategies to prevent anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy and gastric conduit reconstruction
Authors: Vetter Diana , Gutschow Christian A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurgery remains the cornerstone of esophageal cancer treatment but is burdened with high procedure-related morbidity. Anastomotic leakage as the most important surgical complication after esophagectomy is a key indicator for quality in surgical outcome research.PurposeThe aim of this narrative review is to assess and summarize the current knowledge on prevention of anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy and to provide orientation for the reader in this challenging field of surgery.ConclusionsThere are various strategies to reduce postoperative morbidity and to prevent anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy, including adequate patient selection and preparation, and many technical-surgical and anesthesiological details. The scientific evidence regarding those strategies is highly heterogeneous, ranging from expert’s recommendations to randomized controlled trials. This review is intended to serve as an empirical guideline to improve the clinical management of patients undergoing esophagectomy with a special focus on anastomotic leakage prevention.
Effect of bone quality and quantity on the primary stability of dental implants in a simulated bicortical placement
Authors: Rues Stefan , Schmitter Marc , Kappel Stefanie , Sonntag Robert , Kretzer Jan Philippe , Nadorf Jan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Conventional dental implants inserted in the molar region of the maxilla will reach into the sinus maxillaris when alveolar ridge height is limited. When surgery is performed without prior augmentation of the sinus floor, primary stability of the implant is important for successful osseointegration. This study aimed at identifying the impact of bone quality and quantity at the implantation site on primary implant stability of a simulated bicortical placement.

Materials and methods
In our in vitro measurements, bone mineral density, total bone thickness and overall cortical bone thickness were assessed by micro-computed tomography (μCT) of pig scapulae, which resembled well the bicortical situation found in human patients. Dental implants were inserted, and micromotion between bone and implant was measured while loading the implant with an axial torque.

Results
The main findings were that primary implant stability did not depend on total bone thickness but tended to increase with either increasing bone mineral density or overall cortical bone thickness.

Clinical relevance
Limited bone height in the maxilla is a major problem when planning dental implants. To overcome this problem, several approaches, e.g. external or internal sinus floor elevation, have been established. When planning the insertion of a dental implant an important aspect is the primary stability which can be expected. With other factors, the dimensions of the cortical bone might be relevant in this context. It would, therefore, be helpful to define the minimum thickness of cortical bone required to achieve sufficient primary stability, thus avoiding additional surgical intervention.
Computational investigation of cobalt and copper bis (oxothiolene) complexes as an alternative for olefin purification
Authors: Sredojević Dušan N. , Raju Rajesh K. , Moncho Salvador , Belić Milivoj R. , Brothers Edward N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConsidering that olefins present a large volume feedstock, it is reasonable to expect that their purification is industrially critical. After the discovery of the nickel bis (dithiolene) complex Ni(S2C2(CF3)2)2 that exhibits electro-catalytic activity with olefins but tends to decompose by a competitive reaction route, related complexes have been explored experimentally and theoretically. In this paper, a computational examination is performed on differently charged cobalt and copper bis (oxothiolene) complexes [M (OSC2(CN)2)2] to test their potential applicability as the catalysts for olefin purification, using the simplest olefin, ethylene. Possible reaction pathways for ethylene addition on these complexes were explored, to determine whether some of these candidates can avoid the reaction route that leads to decomposition, which is distinctive from the nickel complex, and to form stable adducts that can subsequently release ethylene by reduction. Our calculations suggest that the neutral cobalt complex might be an alternative catalyst, because all its forms can bind ethylene to produce stable interligand adducts with moderate to low activation barriers, rather than to form intraligand adducts that lead to decomposition. The calculations also predict that these interligand adducts are capable of releasing ethylene upon reduction. In addition, it can produce the desired interligand adducts following two different reaction pathways, assigned as the direct and the indirect, with no need for anion species as co-catalysts, which is crucial for the nickel complex. Thus, the olefin purification process could be much simpler by using this catalyst.
Quality of life and olfactory function after suprasellar craniopharyngioma surgery—a single-center experience comparing transcranial and endoscopic endonasal approaches
Authors: Marx Sascha , Tsavdaridou Ioanna , Paul Sebastian , Steveling Antje , Schirmer Cornelia , Eördögh Marton , Nowak Stephan , Matthes Marc , El Refaee Ehab , Fleck Steffen K. , Baldauf Joerg , Lerch Markus M. , Stahl Andreas , Hosemann Werner , Schroeder Henry W. S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe endoscopic endonasal approach to suprasellar craniopharyngiomas has become popular as alternative to transcranial approaches. However, the literature lacks data regarding quality of life and olfactory function. The assessment of the long-term quality of life and olfactory function of all patients harboring a suprasellar craniopharyngioma who underwent surgery in our department has been done. Patient characteristics and perioperative data were gathered in a prospectively maintained database. At the last follow-up visit, the olfactory function and the quality of life (ASBQ, SNOT-22) as well as visual and pituitary function were assessed. Thirteen and 17 patients underwent surgery via a transcranial (T) and endonasal (E) route, respectively. No differences were seen in ASBQ, SNOT-22, and olfactory function between T and E, but in E were more full-time worker and less obesity. CSF leaks occurred in 15% of T and 29% of E (p = 0.43). Patients from group E had a superior visual outcome which was most pronounced in the visual field. The degree of new anterior and posterior pituitary gland deficiency after surgery and in the follow-up was lower in group E. The general and sinonasal quality of life and the olfactory function are equal in E and T. E is associated with a superior visual outcome, lower rates of diabetes insipidus, and lower rates of obesity, but has a higher risk for postoperative CSF leaks.
Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing Across the Age Spectrum
Authors: Miller Claire Kane , Schroeder James W. , Langmore Susan 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is a widely used instrumental procedure used to assess swallowing function in persons of all ages, from infants to older adults. In this article, the history of FEES in adults, the protocol, the scoring system, and the interpretation of abnormal findings are summarized. The use of FEES to guide treatment in adults is also covered briefly. Following this review in adults, the use of FEES in infants and children is presented, including the anatomical–physiological assessment and the assessment of swallowing of food and liquid. Interpretation of findings and therapeutic applications are discussed.

Conclusion
FEES is a valuable part of the clinical protocol for evaluation and management of dysphagia across the life span. It provides a mechanism for in-depth analysis of swallowing structures and function during intake of liquid and food boluses. Future developments include standardized training content to ensure clinical competency and the development of standardized examination and interpretation protocols.
Classification of Physiologic Swallowing Impairment Severity: A Latent Class Analysis of Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile Scores
Authors: Beall Jonathan , Hill Elizabeth G. , Armeson Kent , Garand Kendrea L. (Focht) , Davidson Kate (Humphries) , Martin-Harris Bonnie 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Our objectives were to (a) identify oral and pharyngeal physiologic swallowing impairment severity classes based on latent class analyses (LCAs) of the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP) swallow task scores and (b) quantify the probability of severity class membership given composite MBSImP oral total (OT) and pharyngeal total (PT) scores.

Method
MBSImP scores were collected from a patient database of 319 consecutive modified barium swallow studies. Because of missing swallow task scores, LCA was performed using 25 multiply imputed data sets.

Results
LCA revealed a three-class structure for both oral and pharyngeal models. We identified OT and PT score intervals to assign subjects to oral and pharyngeal impairment latent severity classes, respectively, with high probability (probability of class membership ≥ 0.9 given OT or PT scores within specified ranges) and high confidence (95% credible interval [CI] widths ≤ 0.24 for all total scores within specified ranges). OT scores ranging from 0 to 10 and from 14 to 18 yielded assignments in Oral Latent Classes 1 and 2, respectively, while OT = 22 was assigned to Oral Latent Class 3. PT scores ranging from 0 to 13 and from 18 to 24 yielded assignments in Pharyngeal Latent Classes 1 and 2, respectively, while PT = 26 was assigned to Pharyngeal Latent Class 3.

Conclusions
LCA of MBSImP task-level data revealed significant underlying oral and pharyngeal ordinal class structures representing increasingly severe gradations of physiologic swallow impairment. Clinically meaningful OT and PT score ranges were derived facilitating latent class assignment.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12315677
The Geriatric Swallow: Through Thick and Thin
Authors: Fazakerly Amanda , Nativ Nogah 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The goal of this article was to assess the utility of thickened liquids for patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia.

Conclusion
The use of thickened liquids is pervasive, but clinical justification and understanding varies widely among practitioners of deglutition. The benefit of diet/liquid recommendations and other compensatory strategies should be validated via instrumental examination. As highlighted in this review, thickening of liquids may pose serious implications and consequences for both a patient's physical welfare and quality of life. Careful patient selection is recommended to ensure the expected benefits from liquid thickeners outweigh the risks.