bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nephroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark against acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats
Authors: Quyamuddin MD , Kumar Pawan , Kumar Sokindra , HAQUE MD RAFIUL 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To investigate the protective activity of ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark (EECZB) against acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats.
Methods: Wistar albino rats (150-200 g) were divided into six groups and toxicity was induced by acetaminophen (750 mg/kg) for 10 days. 100 and 200 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark and 100 mg/kg of silymarin as a reference standard was treated to rats 2 h before acetaminophen administration. Various biochemical parameters like serum urea, serum creatinine, uric acid and total protein levels and antioxidant activity were determined. Histopathological analyses of kidney injury were also determined.
Result: Treatment with ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark (100, 200 mg/kg, bw) significantly (p˂0.001, p˂0.01) decreased serum urea and serum creatinine as compared with acetaminophen rats. Decreased levels of uric acid and total protein were also significantly restored with extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark treatment. Silymarin significantly (p˂0.001) decreased serum urea and serum creatinine as compared with acetaminophen rats. It is also significantly restored the altered levels of SOD, CAT and GSH in kidney tissue. Apart from these, extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark treatment also reduced histopathological alteration induced by acetaminophen in kidney.
Conclusion: It was observed that ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark has a significant nephroprotective activity against acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats.
Keywords: Cinnamomum zeylanicum, acetaminophen, nephroprotective activity.
Supervising Learning Disability in Children through Ayurveda Therapy
Authors: Alone Yogita Sureshrao , Bamnote Swati G. 
Published: August 2020

Learning Disability (LD) is an invisible disability predictable by a few, afflicting many and causing high degree of impact. Since it has an important bearing on academic function, it carries high degree of distress in the Indian society where failure is offensive. A childhood disorder is written off by difficulty in certain skills such as reading or writing in child with normal intelligence. It can be lifetime conditions that, in some cases, affect many parts of a children's life: school or work, daily routines, family life, and sometimes even friendships and play. In some people, many overlying learning disabilities may be apparent. Other people may have a single, remote learning problem that has little impact on other areas of their lives. This paper illustrates the various types of learning disability, symptoms and the root cause. Various effective Ayurveda treatments for learning disability are proposed here. Aim of this paper is to elaborate the role and benefits of Ayurveda in the society. Now days, Ayurveda is playing an important role both in physical and mental health.
Keywords: Dyslexia, Dyscalculia, Dysgraphia, Auditory Processing Disorders, Visual Processing Disorders, Ayurveda Treatment.
Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Sperm Parameters of Infertile Men in Center of Algiers (Capital of Algeria)
Authors: Itatahine Amina , Demmouche Abbassia , Maï H , Khalloua Z.C. , Ferrag D. , Bekhadda H. , Bensaid I. 
Published: August 2020

Background : Cigarette smoking has negative effects on male fertility. Toxins from tobacco smoking can potentially affect sperm development and function, with a negative effect on semen parameters. In fact, the components of cigarette smoke pass through the blood-testis barrier and thus induce an alteration of sperm parameters and nucleus quality of the spermatozoa. The aim is to determine a diffence between tobbaco and no tobbaco patient and semen parameters. This article aimed to assess the relationship between smoking and male infertility.
Subject and Methods : this is retrospective study focused on the effects of smoking on semen analyses. 377 men (165 non-smokers, 212 smokers) with infertility for at least 1 year were evaluated between Mars and November 2018, in center of algiers (capital of Algeria). Sperm characteristics (concentration, motility, morphology, and volume) were detemined.
Results: Sperm concentration, percentage motility and morphology were significantly lower in an infertile Smokers group than the infertile Nonsmokers group. We also observed that the infertility duration were significantly increased (p<0.05) in accordance with the age in an infertile Smokers group. Our study shows that cigarette smoking is associated with reduced sperm count and motility.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that cigarette smoking has an overall negative effect on semen parameters. Our study suggests that men should be advised to abstain from smoking in order to improve reproductive outcomes.
Keywords: smoking, semen, male infertility, sperm, humans
Fallos de papel
Authors: Cifuentes-Chaparro Sneither Efraín 
Published: August 2020

Las reflexiones del presente artículo pretenden demostrar que -independientemente de su grado de cumplimiento- las sentencias de restitución de tierras juegan un rol de importancia respecto de la legitimación del paradigma transicional porque contienen una validez auto referencial con significación de ser la joya de la corona de reparación a las víctimas en Colombia. Para ello, se presenta una comprensión crítica del desplazamiento forzado en el marco del conflicto armado interno, y haciendo uso de herramientas teóricas del Análisis Crítico del Discurso, se expone cómo se han producido y reproducido ciertas prácticas discursivas frente a la población desplazada forzadamente, tanto desde el sector institucional como no gubernamental, que se replican en la política de restitución de tierras.
Por último, desde un enfoque de Investigación Acción Participativa, se desarrolla un estudio de uno de los casos pioneros de la política de restitución, a fin de verificar que las sentencias de restitución de tierras representan y reproducen un orden discursivo con eficacia simbólica sobre los derechos de las víctimas, aún si solamente se limitan a solemnizar una relación legal-formal de propiedad.
Problematika Terjemahan Al-Qurâ€™an Studi pada Beberapa Penerbitan Al-Qur'an dan Kasus Kontemporer
Authors: Hanafi Muchlis Muhammad 
Published: August 2020

The process of translation is beset with problems. On the one hand, translation demands a faithful transfer of the meaning as contained in the source text into the target language, but on the other hand, the process also requires elegance and beauty in theÂ choice of words and expressions. These obstacles are magnified when the source text in question is the Qurâ€™an, because it is not a man-made creation or a work of fiction or poetry, but the word of God. This article will explore some of these problems with reference to translations of the Qurâ€™an published by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indone-sia and three other publishers.
Polemik Nasakh dalam Kajian Ilmu Al-Qurâ€™an
Authors: Fawaid Ahmad 
Published: August 2020

This article explores an important discipline in Qurâ€™anic sciences, namely nasikh-mansukhÂ (the abrogator and the abrogated), referring to the abrogation of certain Qurâ€™anic verses.Â Although Muslim scholars are in dispute over the exact meaning and implications of the meaning of abrogationÂ (naskh)Â in the Qurâ€™an, nevertheless there are some points of agreement.Â Neither ide either completely rejects the concept of abrogation, or vice versa, and their differences are not non-negotiable.Â In some cases, the two sides will arrive at the same conclusionÂ in that they will both admit the existence of the concept ofÂ naskh (abrogation) in the Qurâ€™an, but will disagree on its meaning. One side will interpret naskh as complete cancellation and erasure, while the other side tends to interpret it as implying a delay in the implementation (or rather, evolution) of Islamic law (shariâ€˜ah). Thus one side admits of intra-Qur'anic abrogation, while the other only admits of abrogation in extra-Qur'anic contexts.
Konsep Pewahyuan Al-Qurâ€™an Menurut Stefan Wild
Authors: Baharuddin Moh Achwan 
Published: August 2020

Signifikansi wahyu atau Firman Tuhan telah menjadi bahan kajian sejak lama, baik sarjana Muslim maupun non-Muslim, terutama wahyu tersebut bertransformasi dari satu hal ke hal yang lain, seperti Al-Qurâ€™an yang berbentuk kalamullah, kepada bentuk pengucapan atau hafalan yang kemudian menjadi sesuatu yang tertulis. Tulisan singkat di bawah ini coba memaparkan tentang pewahyuan prespektif orientalis, Stefan Wild. Sebelum ke ranah pewahyuan, penulis coba mempotret posisi Wild diantara kajian-kajian yang sudah dilakukan para orientalis lainnya.
Kata Kunci: Al-Qurâ€™an, Orientalis, dan Stefan Wild
Research Initiatives in Accounting Education: Providing Access to Education and Obtaining Credentials
Authors: Kremin Joleen , Pasewark William R. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
In this essay, we draw from prior literature to suggest needed future research that may clarify and influence the value proposition of accounting education and professional credentialing. We recommend investigations that challenge educators to develop professional competencies more efficiently and effectively. In addition, we suggest research that examines the costs and benefits of obtaining an education in accounting, especially the costs associated with the 150-hour requirement for CPAs and differential tuition rates for accounting majors. Research is also proposed to address the possibility that certain costs and regulations create barriers to entry to the accounting profession, particularly for some socioeconomic groups.
A Classroom Exercise on Building Auditors' Interview Skills
Authors: Wang Yunsen , Chiu Tiffany , Wang Tawei , Debreceny Roger S. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThis instructional resource describes a classroom exercise that assists students to understand the importance of performing interviews for auditors. The exercise allows students to practice their interview skills in the context of a business continuity problem. Students are assigned to groups of two and are randomly chosen to play the role of either an auditor or a director of information technology in a client corporation. In this setting, the auditor needs to understand the audit client's business continuity strategies and practices from the director's perspective without being able to observe or obtain detailed information. This exercise contributes to the development of students' ability to interview, which is an important soft skill in the audit process. In addition, this exercise can be administered at different levels of auditing or accounting information systems courses to bring more hands-on learning activities to the classroom.
دراسة عملية فقدان الطاقة الناجمة عن حرق الغاز المصاحب للنفط في شركة نفط الشمال (حقل خباز وحقل جمبور)
Authors: حسين حبيب حميد  
Published: August 2020

يتضمن البحث دراسة ميدانية ودراسة الجدوى الاقتصادية لاستغلال الغازات الهيدروكاربونية المصاحبة في حقل خباز وحقلي جمبور النفطي(الشمالي والجنوبي) في توليد الطاقة الكهربائية بدلا من حرقها مع تحليل الغازات المصاحبة لإنتاج النفط باستخدام جهاز. Gas Chromatography حيث أظهرت نتائج تحليل حقل جمبور إن الغازات المصاحبة لإنتاج النفط في الحقل الجنوبي خالية من غاز كبريتيد الهيدروجين (H2S) وهناك نسبة قليلة منه في الحقل الشمالي ويشكل غازالميثان (CH4) بحدود(80%) من باقي الغازات الموجودة في الحقلين . وكذلك وجد إن إنتاجية الحقل من الغازات المصاحبة لإنتاج النفط عالية جدا(أكثر من 230 مقمق/يوم في الحقل الجنوبي وأكثر من 701 مقمق /يوم في الحقل الشمالي ويشكل الميثان (80%) ايضا مع وجود (8.61) من غاز(H2S) في المرحلة الاولى من الانتاج حيث يتم تقليلها الى (3.81) في المرحلة الثانية والى (0.0) في المرحلة الاخيرة . اما بالنسبة لحقل خباز أظهرت نتائج التحليل إن غاز الميثان(CH4) تشكل نسبة (80%) من باقي الغازات ونسبة (H2S) أكثر من (1.05%) ، وكذلك وجد إن إنتاجية الحقل من الغازات المصاحبة لإنتاج النفط (27.9 مقمق/يوم) وان مقدار الهدر (الحرق) بحدود (7 مقمق/يوم) والتي تكفي لتوليد أكثر من (15 MW) من الكهرباء مع إمكانية استخدامه في الصناعات البتروكيمياوية .
تغليف واجهات الابنية بالواح الالمنيوم العاكس الغير تقليدية الشكلوتاثيره على الطاقة الكهربائية المستهلكة للاغراض التكييف
Authors: عاطف علي حسن  
Published: August 2020

الد ا رسة النظرية والعملية الحالية تهدف الى تحديد كمية الطاقة الكهربائية المرشدة من خلال تقليل التاثي ا رت البيئية الخارجية على بناية في فصل الصيف من خلال تغليف اسطح الجد ا رن الخارجية بصفائح مصنوعة من الالمنيوم العاكس نوع [ANS H35.1(2001)] مع اشكال غير تقليدية . حيث كانت الغرفة النموذج بابعاد (2×1×1) متر تقع في الطابق الثالث ضمن بناية في مدينة بغداد عند خط عرض 8... درجة شمالا .وايضا تم استخدام عازل ح ا رري بسمك 800 ملم نوع ستاييربور )البولي ستايرين( من اجل تغليف السقف والارضية والجد ا رن الثلاثة الاخرى من داخل الغرفة من اجل تقليل انتقال الح ا ررة من تلك الجد ا رن. اما الجدار قيد الدرسة الذي بابعاد (2×1) متر و مواجه لجهة الشرق . هذه الغرفة مجهزة بوحدة تكييف هواء سعتها واحد طن لتوفير حيز بارد داخل الغرفة ومن اجل الحصول على الظروف الح ا ررية القياسية. تم تسجيل درجات الح ا ررة على الاسطح الخارجية والداخلية للجدار وكذلك درجة ح ا ررة الهواء الخارجي تم قياسها . في الظل وليوم واحد من الساعة الخامسة صباحا الى الساعة السادسة عص ا ر خلال اشهر الصيف فقط من عام 8022 واظهرت النتائج ان استخدام الصفائح المقترحة سوف يقلل من استهلاك الطاقة الكهربائية لاغ ا رض التكييف وان التوفير في 20.2 (% بوجود الفجوة الهوائية المغلقة خلف الصفيحة. وكذلك باستخدام العزل – 4.. الطاقة سيكون بمقدار ) 46 (% بينما نلاحظ ازدياد التوفير عند طلاء بالاصباغ الح ا ررية ان التوفير – ..4 الح ا رري يكون التوفير بمقدار ) 68.2 50.7 ( %عند استخدام – – 6 (% عند وجود الفجوة الهوائية المغلقة ويصبح التوفير بمقدار ) 62 ... يرتفع الى) 25 العازل الح ا رري خلفها.
Brand bullying en escuelas preparatorias de Colima, México
Authors: Gomez Nashiki Antonio 
Published: August 2020

El artículo analiza el concepto de brand bullying en seis escuelas preparatorias, públicas y privadas de distintos municipios de Colima, México y las interacciones que se generan cotidianamente entre los estudiantes: conflictos, burlas, disputas, robos y estigmatización. A partir de una metodología de corte etnográfico, se llevaron a cabo observaciones en los planteles, así como entrevistas con jóvenes de distintos semestres. Entre los principales hallazgos están: una alta valoración por teléfonos celulares y computadoras portátiles de prestigiadas marcas; un “consumismo” entre los estudiantes, promovido en buena medida por los padres; los dueños de este tipo de bienes los utilizan como referentes para discriminar y ejercer sobre sus compañeros -ya sea porque carecen de ellos o no son nuevos-, distintos tipos de violencia verbal y psicológica que afecta la convivencia cotidiana.
Comparative sonographic evaluation of placental thickness in pregnancy-induced hypertension and normotensive pregnant women in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Efanga Samuel Archibong , Akintomide Akintunde Olusijibomi 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
The human placenta is the nourishing reservoir for the sustenance of the fetus and synthesizes a growth-stimulating hormone to enhance proper growth and maturation. The size or thickness of the placenta enlarges as the pregnancy progresses in age to attain a favorable state which can cope with the increasing fetal demands. Placental thickness (PT) is a reflector of fetal well-being, and it is related to fetal weight making it necessary to assess the influence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), a common pathology in pregnancy, on the placental size or thickness. The main objective of this research is to compare and evaluate the PT and fetal weight in PIH and normotensive pregnant women.

Material and Methods:
The study was a prospective cross-sectional case-controlled study done in the Radiology Department of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. During a 12 months study period, 200 singleton pregnant women (consisting of 100 pregnancy-induced hypertensives and 100 normotensive pregnant women) of between 20 and 40 weeks of gestation were enrolled in this study. The two groups were gestational age-matched. The PT was measured trans-abdominally using an ultrasound scan. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to establish the degree of relationship between PT and other fetal anthropometric and maternal parameters.

Results:
PT was significantly lower in pregnancy-induced hypertensives than in the controls (28.95 ± 5.71 mm vs. 32.31 ± 5.47 mm, P = 0.000). There was a significant negative correlation between the PT and the degree of proteinuria (P = 0.011). Conversely, a significant positive correlation existed between PT and estimated gestational age (P = 0.000) and also estimated fetal weight (EFW) (P = 0.000), in both groups. This same relationship was observed between the body mass index and PT (P = 0.007) as well as the EFW (P = 0.002) in the control group. The mean EFW in pregnancy-induced hypertensives (2.23 ± 1.07 kg) was higher than in the controls (2.13 ± 1.03 kg), but the difference was not significant (P = 0.505).

Conclusion:
There was a reduction in the PT in PIH, which may be due to the appearance of proteinuria when the blood pressure was elevated. However, we did not observe the expected reduction in the EFW due to a reduction in PT, which usually results from proteinuria.
Ensuring safety and availability of healthcare workers in the era of COVID-19: An experience from the Eastern State of India
Authors: Agarwal Neeraj , Biswas Bijit , Nair Rathish 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to design a contact tracing algorithm and contact investigation form for healthcare workers deployed in rendering essential health-care services in limitedly resourced healthcare settings during the COVID era.

Material and Methods:
It was an observational study, longitudinal in design. Based on the existing evidence as of April 15, 2020, we have designed a contact tracing algorithm and contact investigation form to determine the risk of infection among healthcare workers. Later, we have tested the developed contact tracing algorithm and contact investigation from among 28 suspected contacts of a confirmed COVID-19 case admitted in all India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna, Bihar, India.

Results:
Using the designed contact investigation form, all the 28 suspected contacts of the confirmed COVID-19 case were interviewed, among which only 7(25%) were found to be having high-risk exposure. All persons with high-risk exposure were home quarantined for 5 days, along with their direct contacts. Eventually, all high-risk contacts were tested negative on the 5th day after exposure and immediately joined their duties after that. Those who were at low risk of infection continued to work and self-monitor for COVID compatible symptoms for 14 days. Eventually, none of the low-risk exposure persons developed COVID compatible symptoms, therefore deferred testing.

Conclusion:
The contact tracing approach designed in the current study is a balanced one where we tried to balance health workers safety without compromising their availability for duty. This approach can also be implemented in other healthcare settings in the era of COVID-19.
Comparación del tratamiento quirúrgico y endovascular de aneurismas del segmento comunicante posterior
Authors: Flores-Sanchez Jose Daniel , Saal Giancarlo , Zumaeta Jorge , Palacios Fernando , Rodriguez Rodolfo , Molina Celia 
Published: August 2020

Antecedentes:
Los aneurismas del segmento comunicante posterior representan aproximadamente 25% de todos los aneurismas intracraneales, y el 50% de los aneurismas de la arteria carótida interna. El objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento quirúrgico y endovascular en el manejo de aneurismas de esta localización.

Métodos:
Estudio comparativo retrospectivo. Se revisó las historias clínicas de pacientes con aneurisma del segmento comunicante posterior que ingresaron al departamento de Neurocirugía del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara durante el periodo 2010–2017. Se comparó estancia hospitalaria, complicaciones, mortalidad y estado funcional a los 12 meses, en relación al tratamiento recibido, microquirúrgico o endovascular.

Resultados:
Se evaluaron 256 pacientes, 111 (43.36%) recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico, y 145 (56.64%) endovascular. En el caso de aneurismas rotos, el estado de independencia funcional fue alcanzado por 68 (66.7%) y 69 (70.4%) pacientes que recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico y endovascular, respectivamente (OR: 0.84, IC 95%: 0.46–1.53; P = 0.505). Se presentaron complicaciones neurológicas en 37 (36,3%) y 34 (34.7%) pacientes sometidos a tratamiento microquirúrgico y endovascular, respectivamente (OR: 1.07, IC 95%: 0.60–1.91; P = 0.912). La estancia hospitalaria promedio fue 19.55 ± 13.85 y 14.06 ± 14.97 días, para pacientes con tratamiento quirúrgico y endovascular, respectivamente (P < 0.008). La mortalidad fue 11.8% y 11.2%, con ligera predominancia en el grupo tratado quirúrgicamente (OR: 1.05, IC 95%: 0.44–2.52; P = 0.904).

Conclusión:
No existe diferencia significativa respecto al resultado funcional a los 12 meses, complicaciones y mortalidad entre ambos tipos de tratamiento en el caso de aneurismas rotos. Los pacientes sometidos a terapia endovascular tuvieron de forma significativa menor estancia hospitalaria.
Caracterización clínica-epidemiológica de pacientes con coinfección tuberculosis pulmonar-VIH del hospital José Rodríguez 2015-2016
Authors: Castillo-Zhizhpón Alex Alberto , Bravo-Salinas Sara Elizabeth 
Published: August 2020

Contexto: La tuberculosis es una infección bacteriana causada por el Mycobacterium tuberculosis, es la primera enfermedad oportunista en los pacientes VIH-positivos. Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente a los pacientes que presentan coinfección VIH-Tuberculosis pulmonar, del hospital José Rodríguez Maridueña entre enero de 2015 a diciembre de 2016. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo basado en el análisis de las historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de ingreso de tuberculosis pulmonar y VIH, del hospital José Rodríguez Maridueña entre enero del 2015 a diciembre del 2016. Resultados: La tasa de coinfección fue 44,9%;(IC95% 37,12-52,69) el análisis conjunto de las variables demostró que estas personas son mayores a 37 años (OR ajustada 3,45; IC95% 1,37-8,68), con primaria (OR ajustada 2,67; IC95% 1,20-6,28), diagnosticados por otros métodos (OR ajustada 3,23; IC95% 1,35-7,76), carga viral menor a 175318 copias de ARN/mL (OR ajustada 4,73; IC95% 1,77-12,6), CD4 menor a 140 (OR ajustada 2,94; IC95% 1,18-7,29), no toman TARGA (OR 3,00; IC95% 2,36-3,80). Conclusiones: El perfil de riesgo en esta coinfección es tener 37 años o más, educación primaria, diagnosticada por métodos distintos a baciloscopía, carga viral menor a 175318 copias de ARN/mL, conteo de linfocitos TCD4+ menor a 140 cél/mm3, no tomar TARGA (100%).