bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Compassion an Oceanic Feeling?
Authors: Mentz Steve 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The emotional connections that humans feel with other humans seem quite distinct from the ‘oceanic feeling’ that confronts us when solitary mortals face the great waters. Uniting these discourses requires drawing together the myriad resources of sea poetry, canonical novels, and multiple theoretical traditions from Freudian psychoanalysis to the ‘blue’ (or oceanic) humanities and contemporary environmental studies. Shifting from narrowly human to post-human ways of understanding our human and nonhuman surroundings enables the novels of Austen and Cervantes to speak to the theoretical perspectives of Luce Irigaray, Sigmund Freud and John Dewey, as well as contemporary figures such as Allan Sekula, Karin Animoto Ingersoll and Christopher Connery. Principles of connection and ‘experience’ unearth new ways of imagining the relationships among humans and between humans and the nonhuman environment that seem particularly valuable in our own moment of ecological crisis and catastrophe.
All the Love is on the Radio: Local Media, Cyclone Larry and an Injunction to Care
Authors: Anderson Deb 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Local news media play a key role in fostering citizen participation in public life and offer communities forms of supportive action during crisis, which lie at the heart of compassion. Through the lens of emotion, we can see that ‘the story’ of local disaster reporting is one of being local, where the journalist’s position between involved actor and interpretive observer is anchored in compassion for the local. In turn, a focus on compassion illuminates the power of oral history as a means to contextualise the experience of disaster – in this case, how cyclones are made culturally meaningful – and expand media research on climate-related disaster.
Compassion, a Timely Feeling …
Authors: Barnes Diana G. , Falconer Delia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The concept of compassion, defined as suffering with, has a long history often entangled in that of the cognate term pity. It has proven to be a changeable concept that is not only responsive to but integral to historical change itself. This is because it is a sociable emotion, but, in the sense that it expresses a desire to alleviate the suffering of another, the emotion also expresses the desire to effect change. For this reason it is a particularly timely lens through which to consider the emotional effect of climate change upon local communities, and the new emotional regime taking shape in the Anthropocene – and the dawning of the Pyrocene – beginning with Armidale, New South Wales through the drought and fire of Australia’s Black Summer of 2019–20, but extending beyond.
A Wave-Relative Framework Analysis of AEW–MCS Interactions Leading to Tropical Cyclogenesis
Authors: Núñez Ocasio Kelly M. , Evans Jenni L. , Young George S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn African easterly wave (AEW) and associated mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) dataset has been created and used to evaluate the propagation of MCSs, AEWs, and, especially, the propagation of MCSs relative to the AEW with which they are associated (i.e., wave-relative framework). The thermodynamic characteristics of AEW–MCS systems are also analyzed. The analysis is done for both AEW–MCS systems that develop into tropical cyclones and those that do not to quantify significant differences. It is shown that developing AEWs over West Africa are associated with a larger number of convective cloud clusters (CCCs; squall-line-type systems) than nondeveloping AEWs. The MCSs of developing AEWs propagate at the same speed of the AEW trough in addition to being in phase with the trough, whereas convection associated with nondeveloping AEWs over West Africa moves faster than the trough and is positioned south of it. These differences become important for the intensification of the AEW vortex as this slower-moving convection (i.e., moving at the same speed of the AEW trough) spends more time supplying moisture and latent heat to the AEW vortex, supporting its further intensification. An analysis of the rainfall rate (MCS intensity), MCS area, and latent heating rate contribution reveals that there are statistically significant differences between developing AEWs and nondeveloping AEWs, especially over West Africa where the fraction of extremely large MCS areas associated with developing AEWs is larger than for nondeveloping AEWs.
Development of a Novel Preoperative Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment Model
Authors: Mlaver Eli , Lynde Grant C. , Gallion Claire , Sweeney John F. , Sharma Jyotirmay 
Published: September 2020

Introduction Standardization of preoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment remains challenging due to variation in risk assessment models (RAMs) and the cumbersome workflow addition that most RAMs represent. We aimed to develop a parsimonious RAM that is automatable and actionable within the preoperative workflow. Methods We performed a case-controlled review of all 18 VTE cases reported over a 12-month period and 171 matched controls included in an institutional National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) data set. We examined the predictive value of the Caprini, Padua, and NSQIP RAMs. We identified the 5 most impactful risk factors in VTE development by contribution to the known RAMs. We compared the predictive ability of cancer, age, body mass index, black race, and American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) score, to the Caprini, Padua, and NSQIP RAMs for VTE outcomes. Finally, we evaluated concordance between each of the models. Results The Caprini Score was found to be 88.9% sensitive and 32.7% specific using a threshold of 5. The Padua score was found to be 61.1% sensitive and 47.4% specific using a threshold of 4. The novel 5-factor RAM was found to be 94.4% sensitive and 38.0% specific using a threshold of 4. The Caprini and Padua models were discordant in 26% of patients. Discussion Cumbersome manual data entry contributes to the ongoing challenge of standardized VTE risk assessment and prophylaxis. Universally documented information and patient demographics can be utilized to create clinical decision support tools that can improve the efficiency of perioperative workflow and improve the quality of care.
Efficacy of Preoperative Usage of Dexamethasone in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty for Control of Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Wasfie Tarik J. , Groton Jessica , Cwalina Natalia , Hella Jennifer R. , Barber Kimberly 
Published: September 2020

Background Dexamethasone has been used in surgical patients to decrease nausea, vomiting, and postoperative pain. However, it is not well studied how much dexamethasone complicates glucose control in diabetic patients and whether this leads to poor surgical outcomes. Methods We analyzed 256 diabetic patients who underwent elective hip and knee arthroplasty and evaluated the groups that received dexamethasone intraoperatively (201 patients), those who received dexamethasone postoperatively (237 patients), and those who did not receive the steroid intraoperatively (55 patients) and postoperatively (19 patients). Results 256 diabetic patients were included in the study. The mean age of the group was 68.7 (SD ± 9-10) years. Patients were divided into 123 males (48%) and 133 females (52%). 174 (78%) patients had a total knee replacement operation, and 82 (32%) patients had total hip replacement operation. The mean hemoglobin A1c was 6.728 (SD ± 0.99). The mean ASA score was 2.86 (SD ± 0.38). 201 (78.5%) patients received preoperative or intraoperative dexamethasone, and 237 (92.6%) patients received it postoperatively. The mean blood glucose for all patients raised from 131.9 to 172.2 mg/dL ( P = .012) postoperatively, 206.1 mg/dL in the first 24 hours, and 146.2 mg/dL ( P = .39) in the second postoperative day. The change was significant in patients who had poorly controlled diabetes ( P < .01) preoperatively. There was no significant difference in our study regarding dexamethasone use and effect on postoperative nausea ( P = 1.0) and vomiting ( P = .52). There was an improvement in pain scores in the patients who received dexamethasone postoperatively which was statistically significant ( P = .054). Conclusion Dexamethasone use in diabetic patients for control of postoperative nausea and vomiting in those undergoing elective total knee and hip arthroplasty had a negative impact on glycemic control specifically in those with poorly controlled diabetes and should be avoided.
Leveraging social networks of Black women in beauty salons to improve uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis
Authors: Randolph Schenita D , Johnson Ragan , Meyers Danielle , Washington Davon , Saint-Hillaire Lamercie 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess social networks among Black women and beauty salons to see whether these could be leveraged to increase the awareness, knowledge and uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in this population. Design: Qualitative descriptive design. Setting: Beauty salons in counties in North Carolina, USA, with high rates of HIV among the local Black population. Method: A total of 13 focus groups were conducted: 6 with stylists and 7 with Black women customers. In addition, six individual interviews were conducted with salon owners. Structured focus group questions were used to explore participants’ perspectives on the functions and characteristics of the social networks in salons and among women customers and how these might inform a PrEP intervention. Results: Results across all subgroups indicated social networks are pre-formed, developed and nurtured in a beauty salon setting. In addition, there is a positive influence of social networks on information sharing, specifically with respect to health-related topics. Variations in the results suggest salon settings differ and interventions within these settings should be tailored to specific salon’s characteristics. Conclusion: Black women are disparately affected by HIV, having the highest incidence rates among all women in the USA. PrEP is an effective HIV prevention strategy, yet there is low uptake among Black women due to lack of awareness and knowledge of PrEP, HIV- and PrEP-related stigma, and medical mistrust. Social networks are a powerful source of influence on health behaviour. Findings from this study suggest a social network–based PrEP intervention in a salon setting may be promising and has the potential to extend the reach beyond its initial participants.
College students’ preferences for information on self-initiated sexually transmitted infection testing
Authors: Adebayo Oluwamuyiwa Winifred , Anderson Jocelyn C , Wardecker Britney M 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify preferences for content, method of delivery and frequency of information to encourage self-initiated sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing. Design: Qualitative study involving individual in-depth interviews with 35 college students aged 18–24 years. Setting: A university in Central Pennsylvania, USA. Method: Data were collected using a demographic and sexual history questionnaire, Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Questionnaire and a semi-structured interview guide. Transcribed interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Findings from the study document STI testing information preferences as they relate to self-initiated testing. The majority of participants preferred receiving STI testing information through email. Themes within their accounts included Actionable Information Content, Frequently Accessed Delivery Method, and Routine STI Testing Information. Conclusion: The high incidence of STIs among US college students is an indication of the need to increase diagnosis and treatment to reduce transmission. Study findings have implications for the development and evaluation of low-cost interventions to improve the uptake of STI testing and reduce STI burden among college students.
Applications of Office-Based 445 nm Blue Laser Transnasal Flexible Laser Surgery: A Case Series and Review of Practice
Authors: Miller Benjamin John , Abdelhamid Amr , Karagama Yakubu 
Published: September 2020

Background: The recent introduction of 445 nm blue laser to office-based laryngology presents potential advantages. These include a desirable combination of cutting and photoangiolytic qualities and a lightweight, shock-resistant design. Despite its increasing use, current evidence is limited to experimental data and case reports. Objectives: The authors present a case series and overview of office blue laser transnasal flexible laser surgery (TNFLS), considering indications, patient selection, safety, technique, and surgical outcomes. We also review the safety and relevance of TNFLS to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Methods: Retrospective case series and narrative review. Our primary outcome measure was preoperative and postoperative Voice Handicap Index (VHI-10) score. Complications were documented by nature and severity. Results: Thirty-six cases of office blue laser TNFLS were performed. A statistically significant improvement in VHI-10 score was demonstrated in cases of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) and benign laryngeal lesions causing dysphonia ( P < 0.01 and 0.045). Blue laser also proved effective in assisting office biopsy procedures. A minor and self-limiting complication was reported. Conclusions: Office blue laser TNFLS is safe and effective in the treatment of RRP and a range of benign laryngeal lesions. Future research should compare the efficacy and safety of blue laser with potassium titanyl phosphate laser in office-based treatment of these conditions. Further assessment of the cutting qualities of blue laser, initially in the theater environment, is necessary to refine our understanding of future applications.
Notch signaling is involved in the antiapoptotic effects of liraglutide on rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia followed by reoxygenation
Authors: Wu Juan , Xie Fei , Qin Yali , Liu Jie , Yang Zihua 
Published: September 2020

Objective Liraglutide (Lir) protects cardiomyocytes against high glucose-induced myocardial damage. This study investigated whether Notch signaling participated in the antiapoptotic effects of Lir on rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia followed by reoxygenation (H/R). Methods We used H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes as a model of H/R and measured viability, apoptosis, and expression of the apoptotic genes Bax and Bcl-2 and Notch signaling genes Notch1 and Jagged1. Notch1 was depleted by siRNA to test the effect of Notch1 deficiency on the antiapoptotic effects of Lir on H/R-treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Results After H/R treatment, viability was significantly decreased, and the apoptosis rate was greater in the H/R group than in the control (CT). Lir at 50, 100, and 200 nM significantly increased viability and decreased apoptosis in H/R-treated H9c2 cells. Treatment with 50 nM Lir for 2 hours before H/R significantly increased the expression levels of Notch1, Jagged1, and Bcl-2 compared with the CT levels. Bax was downregulated, which indicated that Lir activated Notch signaling and inhibited apoptosis. Notch1 depletion partially abolished the antiapoptotic effect of Lir on H/R-treated H9c2 cells by altering apoptotic gene expression. Conclusion Lir activated Notch signaling, which was responsible for the antiapoptotic effect of Lir on H9c2 cardiomyocytes.
Tibial Spine Fractures: How Much Are We Missing Without Pretreatment Advanced Imaging? A Multicenter Study
Authors: Shimberg Jilan L. , Aoyama Julien T. , Leska Tomasina M. , Ganley Theodore J. , Fabricant Peter D. , Patel Neeraj M. , Cruz Aristides I. , Ellis Henry B. , Schmale Gregory A. ,   The Tibial Spine Research Interest Group, Green Daniel W. , Jagodzinski Jason E. , Kushare Indranil , Lee R. Jay , McKay Scott , Rhodes Jason , Sachleben Brant , Sargent Catherine , Yen Yi-Meng , Mistovich R. Justin 
Published: September 2020

Background: There is a high rate of concomitant injuries reported in pediatric patients with tibial spine fractures, ranging from 40% to 68.8%. Many tibial spine fractures are treated without initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Purpose: To understand rates of concomitant injury and if the reported rates of these injuries differed among patients with and without pretreatment MRI. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; level of evidence, 3. Methods: We performed an institutional review board–approved multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients treated for tibial spine fractures between January 1, 2000, and January 31, 2019, at 10 institutions. Patients younger than 25 years of age with tibial spine fractures were included. Data were collected on patient characteristics, injury, orthopaedic history, pretreatment physical examination and imaging, and operative findings. We excluded patients with multiple trauma and individuals with additional lower extremity fractures. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: those with and those without pretreatment MRI. The incidence of reported concomitant injuries was then compared between groups. Results: There were 395 patients with a tibial spine fracture who met inclusion criteria, 139 (35%) of whom were reported to have a clinically significant concomitant injury. Characteristics and fracture patterns were similar between groups. Of patients with pretreatment MRI, 79 of 176 (45%) had an identified concomitant injury, whereas only 60 of 219 patients (27%) without pretreatment MRI had a reported concomitant injury ( P < .001). There was a higher rate of lateral meniscal tears ( P < .001) in patients with pretreatment MRI than in those without. However, there was a higher rate of soft tissue entrapment at the fracture bed ( P = .030) in patients without pretreatment MRI. Overall, 121 patients (87%) with a concomitant injury required at least 1 treatment. Conclusion: Patients with pretreatment MRI had a statistically significantly higher rate of concomitant injury identified. Pretreatment MRI should be considered in the evaluation of tibial spine fractures to improve the identification of concomitant injuries, especially in patients who may otherwise be treated nonoperatively or with closed reduction. Further studies are necessary to refine the indications for MRI in patients with tibial spine fractures, determine the characteristics of patients at highest risk of having a concomitant injury, define the sensitivity and specificity of MRI in tibial spine fractures, and investigate patient outcomes based on pretreatment MRI status.
Arthroscopic Superior Capsular Reconstruction With Mesh Augmentation for the Treatment of Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: A Comparative Study of Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Kholinne Erica , Kwak Jae-Man , Kim Hyojune , Koh Kyoung Hwan , Jeon In-Ho 
Published: September 2020

Background: Arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction (ASCR) is an alternative to open surgery for irreparable chronic rotator cuff tears (RCTs). This approach can provide static restraint while avoiding upward migration of the humeral head. However, graft tears and their effect on clinical outcomes after ASCR remain a debated topic. Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of ASCR with mesh augmentation for the treatment of irreparable RCTs. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The data of 72 patients with irreparable RCTs who underwent ASCR between 2013 and 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Among them, 64 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Fascia lata grafts augmented with a polypropylene mesh were used for 30 patients (mesh group), and grafts without mesh augmentation were used for 34 patients (control group). Clinical outcomes were evaluated using range of motion, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) questionnaire, and visual analog scale for pain. Radiological outcomes were evaluated according to acromiohumeral distance and stage of rotator cuff arthropathy. The status of fatty infiltration and graft integrity was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging. Outcomes were assessed preoperatively and at the final follow-up. Results: Both groups showed improvement in clinical and radiological outcomes at the final follow-up. The mesh group demonstrated a larger improvement in ASES score (mean ± SD, 29.1 ± 15.8) than the control group (18.1 ± 15.9) ( P = .006). The mean improvement in active forward flexion was significantly higher in mesh group (40°± 26°) than in control group (28°± 23°) ( P = .003). The mean improvement in active external rotation was also significantly higher in the mesh group (11°± 5°) than in the control group (6°± 3°) ( P = .004). Graft healing rate was significantly higher in the mesh group (83.3%) than in the control group (58.8%) ( P = .039), and acromiohumeral distance was significantly greater in the mesh group (9.1 ± 2.4 mm) than in the control group (6.3 ± 1.8 mm) at the final follow-up ( P = .001). Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with graft failure generally showed progression of fatty infiltration without improvement in the stage of rotator cuff arthropathy. Patients with intact grafts demonstrated a more substantial improvement in functional outcomes (ASES score and forward flexion motion). Conclusion: ASCR with mesh augmentation reduced graft failure rate to restore superior shoulder joint stability.
Variation in Arterial and Central Venous Catheter Use in Pediatric Intensive Care Units
Authors: Mahendra Malini , McQuillen Patrick , Dudley R. Adams , Steurer Martina A. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Describe patient and hospital characteristics associated with Arterial Catheter (AC) or Central Venous Catheter (CVC) use among pediatric intensive care units (ICUs). Design: Hierarchical mixed effects analyses were used to identify patient and hospital characteristics associated with AC or CVC placement. The ICU adjusted median odds ratios (ICU-AMOR) for the admission ICU, marginal R2, and conditional intraclass correlation coefficient were reported. Setting: 166 PICUs in the Virtual PICU Systems (VPS, LLC) Database. Patients: 682,791 patients with unscheduled admissions to the PICU. Intervention: None. Measures and Main Results: ACs were placed in (median, [interquartile range]) 8.2% [4.9%-11.3%] of admissions, and CVCs were placed in 14.9% [10.4%-19.3%] of admissions across cohort ICUs. Measured patient characteristics explained about 25% of the variability in AC and CVC placement. Higher Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM2) illness severity scores were associated with increased odds of placement (Odds Ratio (95th% Confidence Interval)) AC: 1.88 (1.87-1.89) and CVC: 1.82 (1.81-1.83) per 1 unit increase in PIM2 score. Primary diagnoses of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematology/oncology, infectious, renal/genitourinary, rheumatology, and transplant were associated with increased odds of AC or CVC placement compared to a primary respiratory diagnosis. Presence of in-house attendings 24/7 was associated with increased odds of AC placement 1.32 (1.11-1.57). Admission ICU explained 4.9% and 3.5% of the variability in AC or CVC placement, respectively. The ICU-AMOR showed a patient would have a median increase in odds of 55% and 43% for AC or CVC placement, respectively, if the same patient moved from an ICU with lower odds of placement to an ICU with higher odds of placement. Conclusions: Variation in AC or CVC use exists among PICUs. The admission ICU was more strongly associated with AC than with CVC placement. Further study is needed to understand unexplained variation in AC and CVC use.