bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing a patient‐specific search of transplant program performance and outcomes: Feedback from heart transplant candidates and recipients
Authors: McKinney Warren T. , Schaffhausen Cory R. , Schladt David , Bruin Marylin J. , Chu Sauman , Snyder Jon J. , Martin Cindy , Alexy Tamas , Kasiske Bertram , Israni Ajay K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients provides transplant program‐specific information, but it is unclear what patients and stakeholders need to know. Acceptance criteria for the candidate waitlist and donor organs vary by program and region, but there is no means to search for programs by the clinical profiles of recipients and donors.MethodsWe examined variability in program‐specific characteristics that could influence access to transplantation. We also conducted three interviews and three focus groups with heart transplant candidates and recipients. Participants evaluated prototypes of a patient‐specific search tool and its capacity to identify programs tailored to specific patient needs. Patient experiences and feedback influenced the development of tools.ResultsThe distribution of recipient and donor characteristics influenced access to transplantation, as age and body mass index varied across programs (all with p < .01). Several themes emerged related to decision‐making and the perceived usability of the patient‐specific search. Perceptions of the prototypes varied, but were positive overall and support making the patient‐specific search publicly available. Participants revealed barriers to evaluating transplant programs and suggest that patient‐specific search results may optimize the process.ConclusionsThe patient‐specific tool (http://transplantcentersearch.org/) is valued by heart transplant patients and is important to maximizing access to transplant.
Helping when it matters: Optimal time for supporting women’s self‐employment in India
Authors: Awasthi Kshitij , Kumaraswamy Kiran , Boeri Natascia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMotivationGovernments support women’s self‐employment as a means to support women’s empowerment. While they tend to do this by providing financial assistance, skills development and vocational training, they have not paid enough attention to entrepreneurship‐related education in the school curriculum. The article addresses this research and policy gap.PurposeWhile education may lead women to take up self‐employment, anecdotal evidence also suggests that as women continue towards higher education, they tend to opt for wage employment. We investigate whether secondary school is the ideal time to encourage young women to take up self‐employment.Approach and MethodsTo test our hypothesis, we used two rounds of the Indian Human Development Survey (IHDS) dataset as it contains granular information about education and self‐employment at the individual level. We analysed data in univariate and multivariate settings.FindingsOur results indicate that while education is a key dimension for women’s self‐employment earnings, its effects peak at moderate levels of secondary education. We find that the increase in business income for each additional year of schooling between classes 9 and 12 (ages 15 to 18) is more than four times that from classes 1–8 and over twice that beyond class 12. We also find that social factors, such as marriage and infrastructure, have implications for the returns of education to women’s income from running a business.Policy implicationsTo improve women’s economic and social empowerment, policy‐makers should encourage women to attain higher levels of education, since it is a significant predictor of entrepreneurial endeavours. Second, the 9–12 curriculum should focus on making girls and young women more aware of entrepreneurship and encourage them to take up self‐employment.
Autoimmune disease is associated with a lower risk of progression in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Authors: Baldursdóttir Theodóra Rún , Löve Þorvarður Jón , Gíslason Gauti Kjartan , Björkholm Magnus , Mellqvist Ulf‐Henrik , Lund Sigrun Helga , Blimark Cecilie Hveding , Turesson Ingemar , Hultcrantz Malin , Landgren Ola , Kristinsson Sigurður Yngvi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectives and methodsWe conducted a population‐based study including 19 303 individuals diagnosed with MGUS in Sweden from 1985 to 2013, with the aim to determine whether a prior history of autoimmune disease, a well‐described risk factor for MGUS is a risk factor for progression of MGUS to multiple myeloma (MM) or lymphoproliferative diseases (LPs). Using the nationwide Swedish Patient registry, we identified MGUS cases with versus without an autoimmune disease present at the time of MGUS diagnosis and estimated their risk of progression.ResultsA total of 5612 (29.1%) MGUS cases had preceding autoimmune diseases. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we found the risk of progression from MGUS to MM (HR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.73‐0.94) and LPs (HR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.75‐0.94) to be significantly lower in MGUS cases with prior autoimmune disease (compared to MGUS cases without).ConclusionsIn this large population‐based study, a history of autoimmune disease was associated with a reduced risk of progression from MGUS to MM/other LPs. Potential underlying reason is that MGUS caused by chronic antigen stimulation is biologically less likely to undergo the genetic events that trigger progression. Our results may have implications in clinical counseling for patients with MGUS and underlying autoimmune disease.
Residence time determines invasiveness and performance of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) in North America
Authors: Blossey Bernd , Nuzzo Victoria , Dávalos Andrea , Mayer Mark , Dunbar Richard , Landis Douglas A. , Evans Jeffrey A. , Minter Bill 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile biological invasions have the potential for large negative impacts on local communities and ecological interactions, increasing evidence suggests that species once considered major problems can decline over time. Declines often appear driven by natural enemies, diseases or evolutionary adaptations that selectively reduce populations of naturalised species and their impacts. Using permanent long‐term monitoring locations, we document declines of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in eastern North America with distinct local and regional dynamics as a function of patch residence time. Projected site‐specific population growth rates initially indicated expanding populations, but projected population growth rates significantly decreased over time and at the majority of sites fell below 1, indicating declining populations. Negative soil feedback provides a potential mechanism for the reported disappearance of ecological dominance of A. petiolata in eastern North America.
Optimal choice of antiseizure medication: Agreement among experts and validation of a web‐based decision support application
Authors: Beniczky Sándor , Rampp Stefan , Asadi‐Pooya Ali A. , Rubboli Guido , Perucca Emilio , Sperling Michael R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveOptimal choice of antiseizure medication (ASM) depends on seizure type, syndrome, age, gender, comorbidities and co‐medications. There are no fixed rules on how to weigh these factors; choices are subjective and experience‐driven. We investigated agreement among experts in selecting ASM as monotherapy and used their prevailing choices to validate a web‐based decision‐support application.MethodsTwenty‐four international experts, blinded to the app, selected the optimal ASM for 25 individual patient‐cases covering a wide variation of seizure types and other factors influencing ASM selection. The app ranked ASMs in order of likely appropriateness for each case. In a second step, experts rated anonymously the choices of the app.ResultsOf the 25 patient‐cases (age 13‐74 years), 13 were female, 18 (72%) had comorbidities, six (24%) were on contraceptives, and 13 (52%) had other co‐medications. The median number of experts who selected the same ASM for a given case was 15 (62.5%) and interquartile range (IQR) 13‐18 (54%‐75%). Gwet's agreement coefficient among experts was 0.38 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32‐0.44), corresponding to a "fair" agreement. Agreement between the app and the prevailing expert choice for each case was 0.48 (95% CI 0.29‐0.67), corresponding to a “moderate” beyond chance agreement. The percent agreement between the highest ranked selections of the app and the expert selections was 73% (95% CI 64%‐82%). Ninety‐five percent of the experts considered that no incorrect or potentially harmful ASMs were ranked highest by the app, and most experts strongly agreed with the app's selections.SignificanceThis app, now validated by experts, provides an objective, reproducible method for selecting ASM that accounts for relevant clinical features. It is freely available at:https://epipick.org.
Precipitation–productivity relationships and the duration of precipitation anomalies: An underappreciated dimension of climate change
Authors: Felton Andrew J. , Knapp Alan K. , Smith Melinda D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn terrestrial ecosystems, climate change forecasts of increased frequencies and magnitudes of wet and dry precipitation anomalies are expected to shift precipitation–net primary productivity (PPT–NPP) relationships from linear to nonlinear. Less understood, however, is how future changes in the duration of PPT anomalies will alter PPT–NPP relationships. A review of the literature shows strong potential for the duration of wet and dry PPT anomalies to impact NPP and to interact with the magnitude of anomalies. Within semi‐arid and mesic grassland ecosystems, PPT gradient experiments indicate that short‐duration (1 year) PPT anomalies are often insufficient to drive nonlinear aboveground NPP responses. But long‐term studies, within desert to forest ecosystems, demonstrate how multi‐year PPT anomalies may result in increasing impacts on NPP through time, and thus alter PPT–NPP relationships. We present a conceptual model detailing how NPP responses to PPT anomalies may amplify with the duration of an event, how responses may vary in xeric vs. mesic ecosystems, and how these differences are most likely due to demographic mechanisms. Experiments that can unravel the independent and interactive impacts of the magnitude and duration of wet and dry PPT anomalies are needed, with multi‐site long‐term PPT gradient experiments particularly well‐suited for this task.
PRAME immunohistochemistry as an adjunct for diagnosis and histological margin assessment in lentigo maligna
Authors: Gradecki Sarah E , Valdes‐Rodriguez Rodrigo , Wick Mark R , Gru Alejandro A 
Published: December 2020

AimsLentigo maligna (LM), the most common type of melanoma in situ, is a diagnostically challenging lesion for pathologists due to abundant background melanocytic hyperplasia in sun‐damaged skin. Currently, no laboratory methods reliably distinguish benign from malignant melanocytes. However, preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) has shown promise in this regard, and could potentially be applied to diagnosis and margin assessment in difficult cases of LM.Methods and resultsNinety‐six cases with a diagnosis of LM (n = 77) or no residual LM (n = 19) following initial biopsy were identified and stained with an antibody directed towards PRAME. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was scored as positive or negative, and measurement of histological margins by PRAME was performed and compared to the measurement of histological margins using conventional methods [haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and/or sex‐determining region Y‐box 10 (SOX10) and/or Melan‐A]. Of cases with LM, 93.5% (72 of 77) were PRAME+ and 94.7% (18 of 19) of cases with no residual LM were PRAME–. Of the 35 cases with no margin involvement by PRAME or conventional assessment, 14 cases (40.0%) had no difference in measurement, 17 (48.6%) had a difference of 1 mm or less and four (11.4%) differed by between 1 and 3.5 mm. There was a high correlation between margin assessment methods (r = 0.97, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsPRAME IHC is a sensitive (93.5%) and specific (94.7%) method for diagnosing LM on biopsy and excision, and measurement of histological margins by PRAME shows a high correlation with conventional methods for margin assessment. Furthermore, the nuclear expression of PRAME makes it a good target for use in dual‐colour IHC stains.
Ecological drivers of Odonata beta diversity in arid and semi‐arid regions of the Central Plateau of Iran
Authors: Eslami Zohreh , Ebrahimi Mehregan , Kiany Mohsen , Sadeghi Saber 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Freshwater habitats are among the most threatened and least studied habitats in arid regions of Iran. Discovering factors responsible for the spatial variation of biodiversity are one of the main considerations in conservation biology. As a first step towards developing conservation strategies, we aimed to investigate the beta diversity and response of Odonata assemblages to climate and landscape variables in arid and semi‐arid regions of Iran.
A total of 120 water bodies were surveyed. The beta diversity distance matrices were calculated for Odonata, Anisoptera, and Zygoptera, using the Jaccard dissimilarity coefficient. Also, the replacement and richness difference components of Odonata beta diversity were computed. Each of the five dissimilarity matrices was modelled by generalised dissimilarity modelling (GDM).
We recorded 58 species of Odonata that represent 58% of the Odonata species in Iran. The average total beta diversity was high (0.873). GDMs results showed that the most influential variables varied between the replacement and richness difference components of Odonata beta diversity as well as between the two Odonata suborders. Anisoptera were most strongly affected by the temperature annual range, while the most important variable for Zygoptera was the average wind speed in April.
Our results suggest that the studies of the drivers of biodiversity patterns benefit from beta diversity partitioning also from comparing species groups with different ecological preferences. The high biodiversity of the studied water bodies as well as the anthropogenic and climate threats that they are faced with, make these ecosystems a conservation priority.
Terra firma‐forme dermatosis: a systematic review
Authors: Sechi Andrea , Patrizi Annalisa , Savoia Francesco , Leuzzi Miriam , Guglielmo Alba , Neri Iria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTerra firma‐forme dermatosis (TFFD) is an acquired pigmentation disorder that promptly regresses after applying isopropyl alcohol 70%. The clinical presentation ranges from patches of brownish discoloration to velvety hyperkeratotic plaques. Critical analyses of current data are lacking, so etiologies, pathogenesis, and disease associations are still debated in the literature. A literature search was done in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify the published papers reporting clinical cases of TFFD. Of 102 papers screened, 64 met the including criteria. Overall, the records of 256 patients presenting a mean age of 18.34 years and a female:male ratio of 1:37 were reviewed. The present article aims to provide a key point‐summary regarding the clinical outcome, associated comorbidities, pathogenesis, histopathology, dermoscopy, and therapeutic modalities of TFFD.
Regulation of an important glycolytic enzyme, pyruvate kinase, through phosphorylation in the larvae of a species of freeze‐tolerant insect, Eurosta solidaginis
Authors: Abboud J. , Green S. R. , Smolinski M. B. , Storey K. B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLarvae of the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis, rely on a freeze tolerance strategy to survive the sub‐zero temperatures of Canadian winter. Critical to their survival is the accumulation of polyol cryoprotectants and global metabolic rate depression, both of which require the regulation of glycolysis and reorganization of carbohydrate metabolism. This study explored the role that pyruvate kinase (PK) regulation plays in this metabolic reorganization. PK was purified from control (5 °C‐acclimated) and frozen (−15 °C‐acclimated) larvae and enzyme kinetic properties, structural stability, and post‐translational modifications were examined in both enzyme forms. The Km phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) of frozen PK was 20% higher than that of control PK, whereas the Vmax of frozen PK was up to 50% lower than that of control PK at the lowest assay temperature, suggesting inhibition of the enzyme during the winter. Additionally, the activity and substrate affinity of both forms of PK decreased significantly at low assay temperatures, and both forms were regulated allosterically by a number of metabolites. Pro‐Q™ Diamond phosphoprotein staining and immunoblotting experiments demonstrated significantly higher threonine phosphorylation of PK from frozen animals while acetylation and methylation levels remained constant. Together, these results indicate that PK exists in two structurally distinct forms in E. solidaginis. In response to conditions mimicking the transition to winter, PK appears to be regulated to support metabolic rate depression, the accumulation of polyol cryoprotectants, and the need for extended periods of anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism to allow the animal to survive whole‐body freezing.
Outcomes of patients with delayed surveillance colonoscopy
Authors: Schauer Cameron , Plant Allan , Vandal Alain , Claydon Adrian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurveillance colonoscopy has been shown to be an effective tool for prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC) in high‐risk populations, if adhered to.AimTo discover the sequelae of late surveillance in a cohort of patient's overdue for colonoscopy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study on all patients from the Bay of Plenty District Health Board region, New Zealand, placed on the colonoscopy surveillance waitlist from 2006 onwards who had their procedure completed between 1 November 2016 and 31 January 2018. Patients with overdue surveillance, defined as done later than 90 days after the recommended due date, were compared with patients who were done either early or on time.ResultsA total of 786 patients was recorded as overdue for surveillance colonoscopy and 386 were completed early or on time. The median time overdue was 22 months. Three (0.4%) cases of CRC were found in overdue patients compared with four (1%) cases for those done on time (adjusted P = 0.24). There were 86 (11%) advanced adenomas (AA) in patients overdue compared with 27 (7%) in those not overdue (odds ratio (OR) 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–2.5; P = 0.04). Surveillance of 180 high‐risk post‐polypectomy patients identified 2 CRC and 8/43 AA in those overdue compared with no CRC and 9/137 AA (18.6% vs 6.6%; OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.07–2.0; unadjusted P = 0.03) in those done on time.ConclusionWhile overdue surveillance is not predictive of increased CRC, it is associated with an increase in expected number of AA, particularly in patients having surveillance for previous high‐risk polypectomy.
Enterovirus D68 infection among hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory illness in El Salvador and Panama, 2012‐2013
Authors: Biggs Holly M. , Nix W. Allan , Zhang Jing , Rogers Shannon , Clara Wilfrido , Jara Jorge H. , Gonzalez Rosalba , Luciani Kathia , Brizuela Yarisa Sujey , Estripeaut Dora , Castillo Juan Miguel , De Leon Tirza , Corro Mary , Vergara Ofelina , Rauda Rafael , Chong Evens G. , Watson John T. , Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo , Gerber Susan I. , Tong Suxiang , Dawood Fatimah S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe assessed EV‐D68 epidemiology and phylogenetics among children aged ≤9 years hospitalized with severe acute respiratory illnesses at five sites in Panama and El Salvador during 2012‐2013. Respiratory specimens positive for enterovirus or rhinovirus were tested by real‐time RT‐PCR for EV‐D68, and partial VP1 gene sequences were determined. Of 715 enrolled children, 17 from sites in both countries were EV‐D68‐positive and commonly had a history of asthma or wheezing. Phylogenetically, 15 of 16 sequences fell into Clade B1, and one into Clade A2. The Central American EV‐D68s were closely related genetically to contemporaneous strains from North America, South America, and the Caribbean.
Selective arc‐ng pricing for vehicle routing
Authors: Costa Luciano , Contardo Claudio , Desaulniers Guy , Pecin Diego 
Published: December 2020

AbstractColumn generation algorithms for solving vehicle routing problems often rely on a relaxed pricing subproblem where routes may be nonelementary and which is solved by a labeling algorithm. This pricing algorithm is said to be selective if it can discard nonelementary paths that may be Pareto‐optimal but guarantees finding at least one (not necessarily elementary) path of negative reduced cost when there exists at least one elementary path of negative reduced cost. In this paper, we propose a selective pricing mechanism for a recently introduced variant of the ng‐route relaxation, in which the neighborhoods are associated with arcs instead of nodes. We extend a state‐of‐the‐art set‐based dominance criterion for this problem and show, by means of an exhaustive computational campaign, that the resulting mechanism is effective at reducing the number of nondominated labels as compared to the original pricing algorithm for the same problem. As a result, typically shorter computing times are required to compute similar lower bounds when the proposed mechanism is embedded within a column generation solver.
Sintering behaviors and properties of porous ceramics derived from artificially cultured diatom frustules
Authors: Lyu Sha , Wang Yanjing , Huang Jintao , Li Tao , Li Dandan , Wang Jaw‐Kai , Zhang Jiangtao , Sun Dazhi , Yu Peng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBimodal porous ceramics with high strength have been fabricated by conventional powder metallurgy utilizing artificially cultured diatom frustules (DFs). The effect of sintering temperature on thermal behaviors, phase transition, and pore structures features of DFs‐based porous ceramics is investigated between 800 and 1200°C. The phase evolution of DFs powders is investigated with thermal analysis (DIL and DSC‐TG). Phase transition behaviors analyzed with XRD, Raman, and FT‐IR spectra confirm the transformation of quartz into cristobalite phases occurs under 1050°C. Sintering under 950°C could bind DFs powders tightly into high strength porous ceramics while maintain the multilayer pore structures simultaneously, having porosity of 56.4%, compressive strength of 15.0 MPa and surface area of 50.9 m2/g, respectively. Slit‐shaped microstructures and mesopores (2‐50 nm) are observed in DFs‐based porous ceramics sintered under 1050°C. Collapse and blockage of pore structures as well as partial fusion of DFs particles happened at the temperature of 1100°C, indicating the presence of diminished multilayers and particle agglomeration.