bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein kinase Cα mediates recovery of renal and mitochondrial functions following acute injury
Authors: Nowak Grazyna , Megyesi Judit 
Published: October 2019

Previously, we have shown that active protein kinase Cα (PKCα) promotes recovery of mitochondrial function after injury in vitro [Nowak G & Bakajsova D (2012) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 303, F515‐F526]. This study examined whether PKCα regulates recovery of mitochondrial and kidney functions after ischemia‐induced acute injury (AKI) in vivo. Markers of kidney injury were increased after bilateral ischemia and returned to normal levels in wild‐type (WT) mice. Maximum mitochondrial respiration and activities of respiratory complexes and FoF1‐ATPase decreased after ischemia and recovered in WT mice. Reperfusion after ischemia was accompanied by translocation of active PKCα to mitochondria. PKCα deletion reduced mitochondrial respiration and activities of respiratory complex I and FoF1‐ATPase in noninjured kidneys, indicating that PKCα is essential in developing fully functional renal mitochondria. These changes in PKCα‐deficient mice were accompanied by lower levels of complex I subunits (NDUFA9 and NDUFS3) and the γ‐subunit of FoF1‐ATPase. Also, lack of PKCα exacerbated ischemia‐induced decreases in respiration, complex I and FoF1‐ATPase activities, and blocked their recovery after injury, indicating a crucial role of PKCα in promoting mitochondrial recovery after AKI. Further, PKCα deletion exacerbated acetylation and succinylation of key mitochondrial proteins of energy metabolism after ischemia due to decreases in deacetylase and desuccinylase (sirtuin3 and sirtuin5) levels in renal mitochondria. Thus, our data show a novel role for PKCα in regulating levels of mitochondrial sirtuins and acetylation and succinylation of key mitochondrial proteins. We conclude that PKCα deletion: (a) affects renal physiology by decreasing mitochondrial capacity for maximum respiration; (b) blocks recovery of mitochondrial functions, renal morphology, and functions after AKI; and (c) decreases survival after AKI.EnzymesProtein kinase C: EC 2.7.11.13; NADH : ubiquinone reductase (H+‐translocating; complex I): EC 7.1.1.2; FoF1‐ATPase (H+‐transporting two‐sector ATPase): EC 7.1.2.2; Succinate : ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex II): EC 1.3.5.1; Ubiquinol : cytochrome‐c reductase (complex III): EC 7.1.1.8; Cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV): EC 1.9.3.1; NAD‐dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin‐3, mitochondrial: EC 2.3.1.286; NAD‐dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin‐5, mitochondrial: EC 3.5.1.‐; Proteinase K (peptidase K): EC 3.4.21.64.
Total factor productivity and the factors of green industry in Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Song Malin , Li Hui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBased on industrial panel data from 11 prefecture‐level cities in Shanxi Province from 2008 to 2016, two kinds of total factor productivity (TFP) are measured: With and without the consideration of environmental factors. The specific decomposition of TFP under these two conditions is then discussed. Finally, the factors of TFP are studied in a green industry context. The results indicate the following: (a) The TFP's annual growth rate considering environmental conditions is higher than that without such consideration; (b) if environmental factors are neglected, TFP improvements primarily depend on technological progress; (c) when considering environmental factors, both technological progress and improved technological efficiency promote the growth of green TFP (GTFP), but this still primarily depends on substantial technological progress, with an annual average growth rate that reaches 10.2%; and (d) among factors, the economic development level, degree of openness, and urbanization positively correlate with the GTFP, while the industrial structure and degree of informatization significantly and negatively correlate with GTFP.
Hair surface quality: Laser scattering as a tool for characterizing the surface condition and deposits from shampoos and conditioners
Authors: Puccetti G. , Kulcsar L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe hair surface condition underlies many visually perceived attributes such as shine, colour and the 3D perception of a curly hair style. Many factors can alter the hair surface such as cumulated cleansing/styling regimens or chemical treatments which can lead to degradation of the cuticle edges and surface. Similarly, pollutants, sebum, and shampoo/conditioners can build up on the hair surface which are also perceivable to an observer.MethodsThe highly directive light of a laser is reflected and scattered by the surface of hair fibres into a circular pattern. The angular and spatial characteristics of this pattern reflect the hair geometry and the quality of the hair surface, i.e. the outer cuticle layer. Dark flat hair tresses were used to measure the impact of artificial sebum and shampoo/conditioner regimens on the cuticle surfaces. Also, longer single hair fibres from 4 volunteers were characterized for their surface changes from roots to tips, i.e. over the chronological age of the hair.ResultsThe laser scattering shows clear changes in specular reflection characteristics from treatments and allows for the extraction of the cuticle inclination angle with respect to the hair axis. Deep cleansing or clarifying shampoos do partially restore the cuticle angle by removing residues on the hair surface whereas more conditioning systems can lead to changes in specular reflection angle and scattering, especially for multiple cycles of shampoo + conditioner treatments. Lastly, changes in hair surface can be traced over time of hair age by this approach and are consistent with frequency and nature of hair treatments.ConclusionsThe method shows great potential for characterizing cleansing regimens in terms of their impact on the hair surface, either as single or multiple washes. Coverage or damage to the hair cuticles appears readily as an angle shift of the specular reflection whereas the quality of the surface topology has a direct impact on the angular width of the specular reflection thus affecting the shine band on a person’s head. Hair ageing from root to tip can be quantified by laser scattering and correlates well with treatment events in time.
Community‐based management of complex type 2 diabetes: adaptation of an integrated model of care in a general practice setting
Authors: Davis Timothy M. E. , Drinkwater Jocelyn J. , Fegan P. Gerry , Chikkaveerappa Krishnamurthy , Sillars Brett , Davis Wendy A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundOverburdened hospital clinics can have adverse outcomes.AimsTo evaluate the effectiveness and patient acceptability of an integrated model of complex type 2 diabetes care delivered in a community‐based general practice by upskilled general practitioners (GP) co‐located with an endocrinologist and diabetes nurse educator.MethodsPatients transferred from hospital clinic lists or referred by local GP were assessed in two southern Perth practices. An upskilled GP and endocrinologist developed a management plan which was communicated to the participant's usual GP. Up to two follow‐up visits over 6 months ensured that management was acceptable and effective.ResultsA total of 464 people with type 2 diabetes (mean ± standard deviation age = 59.3 ± 13.7 years, 52.2% males) was enrolled. Their mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was 9.3% (78 mmol/mol) and their mean body mass index 33.7 kg/m2. Use of injectable blood glucose‐lowering therapies increased between the initial and final visit in association with a median HbA1c reduction of 1.2% (13 mmol/mol) which was sustained to 12 months in assessable participants. There were also reductions in blood pressure, and serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Patient satisfaction with current treatment, time for self‐management, time spent in diabetes‐related appointments and diabetes knowledge increased significantly. Non‐attendance for scheduled appointments was <10%. Local hospital referrals and waiting lists reduced over the study period.ConclusionsThis study confirms the value of integrated community‐based care of complex type 2 diabetes which could represent a sustainable solution to overburdened hospital diabetes outpatient clinics.
The distribution of the orange‐striped green anemone, Diadumene lineata, in relation to environmental factors along coastal British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Konecny Cassandra A. , Harley Christopher D. G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe cosmopolitan nonindigenous sea anemone, Diadumene lineata, has been recorded from the Pacific coast of Canada since 1859. Despite its long historical presence in the region, the factors influencing the distribution of this species in British Columbia, Canada, are poorly understood, as are the factors that may restrict its local abundance. We conducted large‐scale surveys of D. lineata during the winter and summer of 2016, coupled with higher frequency surveys at one focal site. Furthermore, we used laboratory and field experiments to determine the potential importance of a large‐scale driver, salinity, and a small‐scale driver, microhabitat within boulders, in setting distributional limits at various spatial scales. Our results confirm that D. lineata is widely distributed within the Salish Sea. This broad distribution may be facilitated by post‐introduction dispersal; we observed anemones attached to floating substrata, and a few mature specimens contained eggs, suggesting that reproduction is perhaps not limited to asexual fission. We found that D. lineata was abundant throughout the year, although absent from the lowest salinity sites. This corresponded with our laboratory experiments, in which survival of individuals of D. lineata declined at salinities below 10 psu, and no survivors were observed at or below 2 psu. Manipulative experiments in the field demonstrated that survival was high under rocks where D. lineata is commonly found, but was reduced on the tops of rocks, highlighting the importance of microhabitat refugia in buffering temperature and reducing desiccation. A better understanding of the factors that limit the broad‐scale and local distribution of this anemone are an important step in determining potential ecological impacts of this organism and how distributions may shift into the future.
The trophic niche of sculpins Cottus spp. in forage fish assemblages of boreal lakes
Authors: Mozzon Christina M. , Lescord Gretchen L. , Savage Pascale‐Laure , Johnston Thomas A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe compared the trophic niches of freshwater sculpins Cottus spp. with those of other co‐habiting forage fishes in two groups of boreal lakes with distinct habitats and fish communities. Near North Lakes (45° 00′ to 47° 30′ N) were deeper, stratified and contained lake trout Salvelinus namaycush as the apex piscivore, whereas Far North Lakes (51° 10′ to 52° 20′ N) were shallower, did not stratify and contained pike Esox lucius and walleye Sander vitreus as the apex piscivores. Trophic niches of sculpins and other forage fishes were compared based on niche metrics calculated from muscle stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope ratios. In Near North Lakes, sculpins were found almost exclusively in deep, offshore waters and their niche positions reflected a greater reliance on pelagic production (lower δ13C) and a higher trophic elevation (higher δ15N) compared with most other forage fishes. Furthermore, sculpins in Near North Lakes tended to have larger trophic niches (occupied greater area in δ13C– δ15N space), particularly in the food chain (δ15N) dimension, than other cohabiting forage fishes. In contrast, sculpins in Far North Lakes were commonly found in the nearshore and had trophic niche positions and sizes that were similar to those of the other cohabiting forage fishes. This study illustrates the flexibility in the realised trophic niches of sculpins in relation to habitat availability and fish community composition in boreal lakes.
Experimental infection of Mytilus edulis by two Vibrio splendidus‐related strains: Determination of pathogenicity level of strains and influence of the origin and annual cycle of mussels on their sensitivity
Authors: Charles Maud , Trancart Suzanne , Oden Elise , Houssin Maryline 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study aimed at assessing the pathogenicity of two Vibrio splendidus‐related species and evaluating the influence of the origin and annual life cycle of mussels on their sensitivity during a bacterial challenge. Thus, in vivo infection assays were made with Vibrio crassostreae 7T4_12 and Vibrio splendidus 3G1_6, over, respectively, thirteen and 9 months, on adult blue mussels from five recruitment areas in France. Two bacterial concentrations were tested: one consistent with the loads of Vibrio spp. in environment and mussel tissues (~105 CFU/ml) and another one much higher (~108 CFU/ml). The tested environmental concentration has no pathogenic effect whatever the time of year, the strain used and the origin of mussels. However, at the highest concentration, a pathogenic effect was observed only at specific moments, and one of the origins appeared to be more resistant. The physiological state of mussels—depending on the time of year—seemed significant in mussels’ sensitivity, as their recruitment origin. This study is the first to test the pathogenicity of V. splendidus‐related strains at concentrations close to what is found in the wild, over the annual cycle of mussels, and considering their origin.
Vaccine innovations for emerging infectious diseases—a symposium report
Authors: Cable Jennifer , Srikantiah Padmini , Crowe James E. , Pulendran Bali , Hill Adrian , Ginsberg Ann , Koff Wayne , Mathew Anuja , Ng Tony , Jansen Kathrin , Glenn Gregory , Permar Sallie , Wilson Ian , Weiner David B. , Weissman Drew , Rappuoli Rino 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVaccines have been incredibly successful at stemming the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases worldwide. However, there are still no effective vaccines for many serious and potentially preventable infectious diseases. Advances in vaccine technology, including new delivery methods and adjuvants, as well as progress in systems biology and an increased understanding of the human immune system, hold the potential to address these issues. In addition, maternal immunization has opened an avenue to address infectious diseases in neonates and very young infants. This report summarizes the presentations from a 1‐day symposium at the New York Academy of Sciences entitled “Innovative Vaccines against Resistant Infectious Diseases and Emerging Threats,” held on May 20, 2019.
Recent advances of marine ornamental fish larviculture: broodstock reproduction, live prey and feeding regimes, and comparison between demersal and pelagic spawners
Authors: Chen Jun Yu , Zeng Chaoshu , Jerry Dean R. , Cobcroft Jennifer M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMarine ornamental fish are a key component of the multimillion‐dollar marine aquarium trade industry, a controversial industry due to current heavy reliance on wild‐collected specimens. Aquaculture of marine ornamental fish is considered as a sustainable alternative, but it is still in the early stage of development. This review focuses on the current state of marine ornamental fish aquaculture, by covering topics on reef fish reproductive biology in captivity, traditional and novel live feeds, feeding regimes and visual environment in larviculture. Where possible, major differences between demersal and pelagic spawners are compared and discussed. Overall, for many ornamental fish species, natural spawning can be achieved in a captive environment without the use of hormone induction; however, sex identification and successful pairing for reef fish species could be a challenge. With the use of both traditional (rotifers and Artemia) and novel live feeds (e.g. marine copepods and ciliates), a range of breakthroughs in larval rearing of both demersal and pelagic spawning ornamental fish species have been achieved in recent years, although larval survival varies. To further improve the larval rearing success of marine ornamental fish, this review suggests that future research should focus on optimizing the use of live feed in terms of both quality and quantity, and establishment of well‐defined species‐specific larval feeding regime, as well as providing appropriate rearing condition through improved manipulation of light conditions and the ‘greenwater’ techniques in larval rearing.
Upregulated IL‐17A secretion and CCR6 co‐expression in Treg subsets are related to the imbalance of Treg/Th17 cells in active UC patients
Authors: Long Yan , Zhao Xiaotao , Xia Changsheng , Li Xiaoxu , Fan Chunhong , Liu Chen , Wang Chengbin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disease, which is characterized with overactive immune response. It is well established that the imbalance between Tregs and Th17 cells plays a pivotal role in pathogenesis of UC. In this study, we investigated the impact of functional changes in Treg subsets on Treg/Th17 ratio and further explored their clinical significance in the activity of UC. Treg subsets were comprehensively analysed using flow cytometry and in vitro cultured in both active and remission UC patients, of which nine active UC patients were further followed up. The correlation analyses were performed to explore the potential associations between Treg subsets and clinical indicators, as well as the impact of serum cytokines, detected by ELISA, on IL‐17A secretion and CCR6 co‐expression of Treg subsets. In active UC patients, we found CD45RA‐FoxP3hiTregs were obviously decreased and inversely correlated with disease activity, while CD45RA+FoxP3loTregs were increased and positively correlated with disease activity. Meanwhile, IL‐17A secretion and CCR6 co‐expression levels in Tregs were significantly increased in active UC. Moreover, Tregs co‐expressing CCR6 possesses higher level of IL‐17A secretion. In nine followed up patients, we observed downregulated IL‐17A secreting and CCR6 co‐expression when achieving remission from active stage. In addition, IL‐17A+FoxP3+ and IL‐17A+FoxP3+CCR6+Tregs were positively correlated with serum IL‐21 and disease activity, respectively. These findings suggested that upregulated IL‐17A secretion and CCR6 co‐expression in Treg subsets may be related to the imbalance between Tregs and Th17 cells and associated with the disease activity in UC patients.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for nonischemic diabetic ulcers: A systematic review
Authors: Lalieu Rutger C. , Brouwer Robin J. , Ubbink Dirk T. , Hoencamp Rigo , Bol Raap René , van Hulst Rob A. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTDiabetic foot ulcers are a common complication of diabetes, which affects 25% of patients and may ultimately lead to amputation of affected limbs. Research suggests hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves healing of these ulcers. However, this has not been reflected in previous reviews, possibly because they did not differentiate between patients with and without peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of published literature in the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases on nonischemic diabetic foot ulcers with outcome measures including complete ulcer healing, amputation rate (major and minor), and mortality. Seven studies were included, of which two were randomized clinical trials. Two studies found no difference in major amputation rate, whereas one large retrospective study found 2% more major amputations in the hyperbaric oxygen group. However, this study did not correct for baseline differences. Two studies showed no significant difference in minor amputation rate. Five studies reporting on complete wound healing showed no significant differences. In conclusion, the current evidence suggests that hyperbaric oxygen therapy does not accelerate wound healing and does not prevent major or minor amputations in patients with a diabetic foot ulcer without peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Based on the available evidence, routine clinical use of this therapy cannot be recommended. However, the available research for this specific subgroup of patients is scarce, and physicians should counsel patients on expected risks and benefits. Additional research, focusing especially on patient selection criteria, is needed to better identify patients that might profit from this therapy modality.
Decellularization methods for developing porcine corneal xenografts and future perspectives
Authors: Isidan Abdulkadir , Liu Shaohui , Li Ping , Lashmet Matthew , Smith Lester J. , Hara Hidetaka , Cooper David K. C. , Ekser Burcin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCorneal transplantation is the only option to cure corneal opacities. However, there is an imbalance between supply and demand of corneal tissues in the world. To solve the problem of corneal shortage, corneal xenotransplantation studies have been implemented in the past years using porcine corneas. The corneal xenografts could come from (a) wild‐type pigs, (b) genetically engineered pigs, (c) decellularized porcine corneas, and (d) decellularized porcine corneas that are recellularized with human corneal cells, eventually with patients' own cells, as in all type of xenografts. All approaches except, the former would reduce or mitigate recipient immune responses. Although several techniques in decellularization have been reported, there is still no standardized protocol for the complete decellularization of corneal tissue. Herein, we reviewed different decellularization methods for porcine corneas based on the mechanism of action, decellularization efficacy, biocompatibility, and the undesirable effects on corneal ultrastructure. We compared 9 decellularization methods including: (a) sodium dodecyl sulfate, (b) triton x‐100, (c) hypertonic saline, (d) human serum with electrophoresis, (e) high hydrostatic pressure, (f) freeze‐thaw, (h) nitrogen gas, (h) phospholipase A2, and (i) glycerol with chemical crosslinking methods. It appears that combined methods could be more useful to perform efficient corneal decellularization.
Numerical Simulation of Liquid-Liquid Taylor Flow With Heat Transfer
Authors: Kwakkel Marcel , Fernandino Maria , Dorao Carlos A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Numerical simulation of Taylor flows presents several challenges. At the dynamic interface physical properties are discontinuous, which is especially challenging for the thin film between the droplet and the wall. Phase-field methods, which are derived from thermodynamic principles, define the interface as a smooth transition between phases. By coupling the Cahn-Hilliard equation with the Navier-Stokes and energy equation, both interface dynamics and heat transfer can be captured. In the work presented, the resulting system of equations are solved by a parallel h-adaptive least-squares spectral element method. To approximate the solution with sufficient numerical accuracy, C1 Hermite basis functions and a space-time formulation have been applied. It is widely accepted in the literature that the droplet characteristics such as length, velocity and dynamic interaction among them affect the heat transfer properties of Taylor flow. To gain understanding, their effect on heat transfer and pressure drop for liquid-liquid Taylor flow in microchannels must be studied in more detail.