bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pre‐mRNA splicing factor RDM16 regulates root stem cell maintenance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lv Bingsheng , Hu Kongqin , Tian Te , Wei Kaijing , Zhang Feng , Jia Yuebin , Tian Huiyu , Ding Zhaojun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPre‐mRNA (messenger RNA) splicing participates in the regulation of numerous biological processes in plants. For example, alternative splicing shapes transcriptomic responses to abiotic and biotic stress, and controls developmental programs. However, no study has revealed a role for splicing in maintaining the root stem cell niche. Here, a screen for defects in root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana identified an ethyl methane sulfonate mutant defective in pre‐mRNA splicing (rdm16‐4). The rdm16‐4 mutant displays a short‐root phenotype resulting from fewer cells in the root apical meristem. The PLETHORA1 (PLT1) and PLT2 transcription factor genes are important for root development and were alternatively spliced in rdm16‐4 mutants, resulting in a disordered root stem cell niche and retarded root growth. The root cap of rdm16‐4 contained reduced levels of cytokinins, which promote differentiation in the developing root. This reduction was associated with the alternative splicing of genes encoding cytokinin signaling factors, such as ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN5 and ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORS (ARR1, ARR2, and ARR11). Furthermore, expression of the full‐length coding sequence of ARR1 or exogenous cytokinin application partially rescued the short‐root phenotype of rdm16‐4. This reveals that the RDM16‐mediated alternative splicing of cytokinin signaling components contributes to root growth.
Psychological impact of COVID‐19 outbreak on frontline nurses: A cross‐sectional survey study
Authors: Nie Anliu , Su Xiangfen , Zhang Shuzeng , Guan Wenjie , Li Jianfeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed to portray the prevalence and associated factors of psychological distress among frontline nurses during COVID‐19 outbreak.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 outbreak has posed great threat to public health worldwide. Nurses fighting against the epidemic on the frontline might be under great physical and psychological distress. This psychological distress was predominantly described as sleep disturbance, symptoms of anxiety and depression, post‐traumatic stress, inability to make decisions and even somatic symptoms.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsFrontline nurses from designated hospitals for COVID‐19 patients were invited to complete an online survey by convenience sampling, and the survey included six main sections: the General Health Questionnaire, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Simplified Coping Style Scale, the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised, socio‐demographic, occupation and work history. Multiple logistic analysis was used to identify the potential risk factors of psychological distress. The study methods were compliant with the STROBE checklist.ResultsOf the 263 frontline nurses, 66 (25.1%) were identified as psychological distress. Multiple logistic analysis revealed that working in emergency department, concern for family, being treated differently, negative coping style and COVID‐19‐related stress symptom were positive related to psychological distress. Perceived more social support and effective precautionary measures were negatively associated with psychological distress.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated that COVID‐19 had a significant psychological impact on frontline nurses. Early detection of psychological distress and supportive intervention should be taken according to the associated factors to prevent more serious psychological impact on frontline nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlighted that the frontline nurses were suffering from varying degrees of psychological distress, which needed early screening and supportive intervention for preventing more serious psychological impact on frontline nurses. Beside, more specific measurement should be combined with the GHQ‐12 to assess the varying degrees of psychological distress in frontline nurses.
Ultimate Legality: Reading the Community of Law
Authors: Fitzpatrick Peter , Mulqueen Tara , Paliwala Abdul , Tataryn Anastasia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article is a contribution to the occasional series dealing with a major book that has influenced the author. Previous contributors include Stewart Macaulay, John Griffith, William Twining, Carol Harlow, Geoffrey Bindman, Harry Arthurs, André‐Jean Arnaud, Alan Hunt, Michael Adler, Lawrence O. Gostin, John P. Heinz, Roger Brownsword, Roger Cotterrell, Nicola Lacey, Carol J. Greenhouse, and David Garland.An initial twist: several acute observers would consider the way I read to be the most influential effect of reading on me – a way of reading that extends beyond the specificity of the text yet, in so doing, connects integrally with it. Salvation of specificity is at hand, however. That way of reading is intimately reflective of Derridean deconstruction and a hugely influential reading becomes his ‘Force of Law’. A problem ensues. Other influential reading came before my love of Derrida – influential reading to do with law and society (of course), with decolonization and imperialism, with engaged anthropology, and with critical legal studies. A retrospective revelation then follows. Derridean deconstruction is found to haunt and inform these other readings. They can be read in a way that inherently anticipates deconstruction. Some culminating coherence is offered by the inescapable insistence of community and the mutually intrinsic fusion of community and law.
Optimal growth when consumption takes time
Authors: Ha‐Huy Thai , Le Van Cuong , Nguyen Thi‐Do‐Hanh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article analyzes a one‐sector growth model where the consumption takes time. When the consumption takes time, the consumption set is compact and we meet satiety. However, we prove that dynamic constraints are binding. This result is crucial to prove that, under well‐known assumptions in macroeconomic dynamic programming, the optimal path is monotonic and always converges to a unique nontrivial steady state as in the case where consumption is timeless.
Post‐ACA Trends in the US Primary Care Physician Shortage with Index of Relative Rurality
Authors: Gemelas Jordan C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeIndex of Relative Rurality (IRR) captures multiple indicators of health care access but is underrepresented in the primary care literature. This research investigates trends in primary care physician supply in US counties with respect to IRR and time since the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was passed.MethodsIn this ecologic study, annual ratio of primary care physicians per 100,000 population in US counties was computed for 2010‐2017 (3,138 counties over 8 years, N = 25,104). IRR assigned in 2010 placed counties on a rural‐urban continuum without the use of a threshold. Primary outcomes were associations of IRR and year with physician ratio and annual change in physician ratio. Multivariable regression models were used to detect associations. The a priori hypothesis was that neither rurality nor year was associated with physician ratio or annual growth.ResultsIRR and year were independently inversely associated with the ratio of primary care physicians per 100,000 and annual growth in physician ratio. A post‐hoc analysis of highly rural US states revealed positive median growth rates in some areas.ConclusionsDespite significant policies in the ACA designed to address the maldistribution of the US primary care physician workforce, more funding and further innovative reforms are urgently necessary to avert a rural workforce crisis in the coming decades. IRR may be a useful continuous, threshold‐free metric of rurality in future health services research.
Self‐reported sleep quality is more closely associated with mental and physical health than chronotype and sleep duration in young adults: A multi‐instrument analysis
Authors: Muzni Khyla , Groeger John A. , Dijk Derk‐Jan , Lazar Alpar S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSleep and circadian rhythms are considered to be important determinants of mental and physical health. Epidemiological studies have established the contribution of self‐reported sleep duration, sleep quality and chronotype to health outcomes. Mental health and sleep problems are more common in women and men are more likely to be evening types. Few studies have compared the relative strength of these contributions and few studies have assessed these contributions separately in men and women. Furthermore, sleep and circadian characteristics are typically assessed with a limited number of instruments and a narrow range of variables is considered, leaving the understanding of the relative contribution of different predictors somewhat fractionary. We compared sleep quality, sleep duration and chronotype as predictors for self‐reported mental and physical health and psychological characteristics in 410 men and 261 women aged 18 to 30. To ascertain that results were not dependent on the use of specific instruments we used a multitude of validated instruments including the Morningness‐Eveningness‐Questionnaire, Munich‐ChronoType‐Questionnaire, Pittsburgh‐Sleep‐Quality‐Index, British‐Sleep‐Survey, Karolinska‐Sleep‐Diary, Insomnia‐Severity‐Index, SF‐36‐Health Survey, General‐Health‐Questionnaire, Dutch‐Eating‐Behaviour‐Questionnaire, Big‐Five‐Inventory, Behaviour‐Inhibition‐System‐Behaviour‐Activation‐System, and the Positive‐Affect‐Negative‐Affect‐Schedule. Relative contributions of predictors were quantified as local effect sizes derived from multiple regression models. Across all questionnaires, sleep quality was the strongest independent predictor of health and in particular mental health and more so in women than in men. The effect of sleep duration and social jetlag was inconspicuous. A greater insight into the independent contributions of sleep quality and chronotype may aid the understanding of sleep‐health interactions in women and men.
CARDIAC chronotropic effects of sleep‐disordered breathing in patients with heart failure
Authors: Pinna Gian Domenico , La Rovere Maria Teresa , Robbi Elena , Tavazzi Luigi , Maestri Roberto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt is still not known whether the oscillation in heart rate (HR) induced by sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) in patients with heart failure entails significant chronotropic effects. We hypothesised that since cyclical changes in ventilation and arterial blood gases during SDB affect HR through multiple and complexly interacting mechanisms characterised by large inter‐subject variability, chronotropic effects may change from patient to patient. A total of 42 patients with moderate‐to‐severe chronic heart failure with systolic dysfunction underwent an in‐hospital sleep study. Chronotropic effects of SDB were quantified by comparing the distribution of instantaneous HR during SDB with that during periods without SDB (noSDB) within the same night in each patient. Based on distribution changes from noSDB to SDB, 12, nine, 11, and 10 patients showed a significant tachycardic, bradycardic, tachycardic and bradycardic, and neither significant tachycardic nor significant bradycardic effect, respectively. Tachycardic and bradycardic effects were primarily due to an increase in the rate rather than in the magnitude of cyclical HR elevations and reductions, and were more prevalent and severe in patients with dominant obstructive and central events, respectively. The apnea–hypopnea index did not differ between groups. Conversely, the time spent with an oxygen saturation of <90% was greater in the tachycardic and tachycardic‐bradycardic groups compared to the bradycardic group. These findings indicate that HR distribution changes induced by SDB can vary from patient to patient revealing four distinct and well‐characterised chronotropic effects. These effects are related to the degree of hypoxic burden brought about by SDB and are affected by the type of sleep apnea (central/obstructive).
Application of continuous quality improvement to medical education
Authors: Wong Brian M. , Headrick Linda A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractContextThe explicit, intentional and systematic application of continuous quality improvement (QI) in medical education practice and research can improve medical education and help it achieve its goals. Quality improvement and medical education share a foundation centred on learning—experiencing, reflecting, thinking and acting in continuous cycles that spiral to sustained advancement. This suggests that a QI mindset can be brought to bear on various aspects of medical education research and practice.DiscussionTo explore this possibility, we turn to W. Edwards Deming's System of Profound Knowledge, widely regarded as one of the foundational frameworks in quality improvement, where he argues strongly that there are four highly interrelated elements that are required for improvement: Appreciation of a System, Theory of Knowledge, Knowledge about Variation and Knowledge of Psychology. In this article, we define and explore each of the four domains and their application in medical education, highlighting both opportunities and challenges.ConclusionMedical educators who utilise QI in their educational practices can help create learning environments that imprint positively on learners and contribute to better outcomes in their clinical learning environments. We provide recommendations for how educators' informed use of QI can improve medical education and help it achieve its ultimate goal of improved health and health care.
The regulation of ethylene biosynthesis: a complex multilevel control circuitry
Authors: Pattyn Jolien , Vaughan‐Hirsch John , Van de Poel Bram 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe gaseous plant hormone ethylene is produced by a fairly simple two‐step biosynthesis route. Despite this pathway’s simplicity, recent molecular and genetic studies have revealed that the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis is far more complex and occurs at different layers. Ethylene production is intimately linked with the homeostasis of its general precursor S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM), which experiences transcriptional and posttranslational control of its synthesising enzymes (SAM synthetase), as well as the metabolic flux through the adjacent Yang cycle. Ethylene biosynthesis continues from SAM by two dedicated enzymes: 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO). Although the transcriptional dynamics of ACS and ACO have been well documented, the first transcription factors that control ACS and ACO expression have only recently been discovered. Both ACS and ACO display a type‐specific posttranslational regulation that controls protein stability and activity. The nonproteinogenic amino acid ACC also shows a tight level of control through conjugation and translocation. Different players in ACC conjugation and transport have been identified over the years, however their molecular regulation and biological significance is unclear, yet relevant, as ACC can also signal independently of ethylene. In this review, we bring together historical reports and the latest findings on the complex regulation of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway in plants.
Microbiome variations in preschool children with halitosis
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhu Ce , Feng Xiping , Chen Xi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the bacterial characteristics associated with intra‐oral halitosis among Chinese preschool children.MethodsAn epidemiological study was conducted among 273 preschool children (aged 3‐4 years) in Shanghai, China, followed by the collection of 16 samples from the tongue coating of caries‐free healthy and halitosis participants. The characterization of associated microbial communities was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the MiSeq.ResultsHalitosis was observed in 13.2% of the preschool children. No significant difference in terms of microbial diversity (p > .05) was detected in the control and halitosis groups. The dominant bacterial genera observed in both groups included Prevotella, Veillonella, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Actinomyces, Haemophilus, and Leptotrichia. The relative proportions of thirteen species (including Leptotrichia sp. HMT_417, Prevotella Pallens, and Alloprevotella rava) were significantly higher in the halitosis group compared with the control group, whereas the distribution of seventeen species from genera Streptococcus, Gemella, and Kingella showed a higher abundance in the control group. Further investigation of interactions among species demonstrated obvious differences in two groups, indicating that various microorganisms interact to produce halitosis in preschool children.ConclusionsOverall, halitosis is associated with multi‐microbial mutual interactions. The oral flora microorganisms may exert potentiating or inhibiting effects on each other.
Comparison of regional analgesia techniques for pleurodesis pain in pediatric patients
Authors: Xie James , Mooney David P. , Cravero Joseph 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMechanical pleurodesis can prevent recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax but is associated with significant postoperative pain. Adequate pain control is not only beneficial for patient comfort but also critical for mobilization and pulmonary recovery. Thoracic epidural catheters and paravertebral blocks have been used to alleviate pain after thoracoscopic surgery. However, no studies have evaluated the safety and efficacy of paravertebral block vs epidural analgesia vs no block in children undergoing pleurodesis.MethodsIn this retrospective case series review, data were extracted from a single institution's integrated patient outcome database on children who underwent thoracoscopic pleurodesis from 2013 to 2018. Demographics, operative indication, procedure performed, and perioperative pain management were assessed by chart review. Patients whose operation was converted to thoracotomy, who had an underlying diagnosis of chronic pain, or who underwent pleurodesis for other indications were excluded. The primary outcomes were postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption. Secondary outcomes included psot anesthesia care unit length of stay, hospital length of stay, functional outcomes during recovery, and any adverse events.Results66 patients met inclusion criteria: 23 received thoracic epidurals, 34 received paravertebral blocks, and 9 received no epidural/paravertebral block. Patient characteristics did not significantly differ among groups. Although mean pain scores were statistically significantly lower in the epidural group on post‐op day 1, all three groups' pain scores were in the 1 to 3 out of 10 range during the entire postoperative period. Thus, this statistical significance had little clinical significance as all groups had good pain control. The epidural group had significantly lower opioid consumption on post‐op days 0 ‐ 2 compared to paravertebral block. No adverse events related to epidural or paravertebral block were noted.DiscussionWe present the an analysis of epidural vs paravertebral block (with comparison to no regional analgesia) following pleurodesis in children. Pain is well managed, regardless of the method; however, additional systemic opioid consumption was decreased in the epidural analgesia cohort. Prospective trials and comparisons with other analgesic techniques for pediatric thoracic surgeries are needed.ConclusionsThoracic epidural analgesia offers a reduction in opioid use in the first two post‐op days after pleurodesis but did not produce a clinically significant reduction in pain scores in comparison with paravertebral block or no block.
The standard form of CD44 as a marker for invasion of encapsulated papillary carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Kato Hiroyuki , Naiki‐Ito Aya , Yamada Takehiro , Suzuki Shugo , Yamashita Yoriko , Inaguma Shingo , Kondo Naoto , Wanifuchi‐Endo Yumi , Toyama Tatsuya , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEncapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC), a rare variant of papillary carcinoma of the breast, is regarded as a transition form between carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. Here, we tried to identify differences in immunohistochemical phenotype between 10 EPCs with invasive properties (EPC with invasion) and 17 non‐invasive EPCs (EPC). We immunohistochemically assessed the expression of hormone receptors, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and MMP9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD31, and D2‐40, markers of tumor‐associated macrophages (CD163, CD206), Ki‐67 and stem cell markers (CD44 and CD24). The frequency of MMP9‐positive cases and the number of tumor‐associated macrophages infiltrating into the fibrous capsule were significantly higher in EPC with invasion than in EPC. The expression of the standard form of CD44 (CD44s) was significantly stronger in EPC with invasion than in EPC (P = 0.0036) and was correlated with MMP2 expression and M2‐like macrophage infiltration. A multivariate logistic model analysis showed that CD44s expression in tumor cell and infiltration of CD163 positive macrophage in EPC capsule showed an independent odds ratio for invasion of EPC. Thus, CD44s may be a potential marker predicting invasive potential of EPC and could play an important role in progression to the invasive phase of EPC.
Tears of joy, aesthetic chills and heartwarming feelings: Physiological correlates of Kama Muta
Authors: Zickfeld Janis H. , Arriaga Patrícia , Santos Sara Vilar , Schubert Thomas W. , Seibt Beate 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSituations involving increased closeness or exceptional kindness are often labeled as moving or touching and individuals often report bodily symptoms, including tears, goosebumps, and warmth in the body. Recently, the kama muta framework has been proposed as a cross‐cultural conceptualization of these experiences. Prior research on kama muta has mostly relied on subjective reports. Thus, our main goal of the present project was to examine the pattern of physiological responses to kama muta inducing videos and compare it to the patterns for the similar, though distinct emotions of sadness and awe. One hundred forty‐four Portuguese and Norwegian participants were individually exposed to all three emotion conditions. Several psychophysiological indexes of the autonomic nervous system were collected continuously during exposure, including cardiovascular, respiratory, and electrodermal activity, facial EMG, skin temperature, as well as piloerection and lachrymation using cameras. Overall, the results partly replicated previous findings on being moved experiences and self‐report studies. Strong self‐reported experiences of kama muta were associated with increased phasic skin conductance, skin temperature, piloerection, and zygomaticus activity, while they were associated with reduced heart rate, respiration rate, and tonic skin conductance. The physiological profile of kama muta was successfully distinguished from sadness and awe, partly corroborating self‐report evidence. We obtained no clear evidence of a kama muta association with the occurrence of lachrymation or heart rate variability. Our findings provide a systematic overview of psychophysiological response to experiences of kama muta, and help to inform future research on this emotion and positive emotions in general.