bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A TOMM40/APOE allele encoding APOE‐E3 predicts high likelihood of late‐onset Alzheimer’s disease in autopsy cases
Authors: Soyal Selma M. , Kwik Markus , Kalev Ognian , Lenz Stefan , Zara Greta , Strasser Peter , Patsch Wolfgang , Weis Serge 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe APOE‐ε4 allele is an established risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). TOMM40 located adjacent to APOE has also been implicated in AD but reports of TOMM40 associations with AD that are independent of APOE‐ε4 are at variance.MethodsWe investigated associations of AD with haplotypes defined by three TOMM40 and two APOE single nucleotide polymorphisms in 73 and 71 autopsy cases with intermediate and high likelihood of AD (defined by BRAAK stages <V and V‐VI), respectively, and in 150 controls without major neurodegenerative diseases.ResultsWe observed eight haplotypes with a frequency >0.02. The two haplotypes encoding APOE‐E4 showed strong associations with AD that did not differ between intermediate and high likelihood AD. In contrast, a TOMM40 haplotype encoding APOE‐E3 was identified as risk haplotype of high‐ (p = .0186), but not intermediate likelihood AD (p = .7530). Furthermore, the variant allele of rs2075650 located in intron 2 of TOMM40, increased the risk of high‐, but not intermediate likelihood AD on the APOE‐ε3/ε3 background (p = .0230).ConclusionThe striking association of TOMM40 only with high likelihood AD may explain some contrasting results for TOMM40 in clinical studies and may reflect an association with more advanced disease and/or suggest a role of TOMM40 in the pathogenesis of neurofibrillary tangles.
The stochastic critical node problem over trees
Authors: Hosteins Pierre , Scatamacchia Rosario 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe tackle a stochastic version of the critical node problem (CNP) where the goal is to minimize the pairwise connectivity of a graph by attacking a subset of its nodes. In the stochastic setting considered, the outcome of attacks on nodes is uncertain. In our work, we focus on trees and demonstrate that over trees the stochastic CNP actually generalizes to the stochastic critical element detection problem where the outcome of attacks on edges is also uncertain. We prove the NP‐completeness of the decision version of the problem when connection costs are one, while its deterministic counterpart was proved to be polynomial. We then derive a nonlinear model for the considered CNP version over trees and provide a corresponding linearization based on the concept of probability chains. Moreover, given the features of the derived linear model, we devise an exact Benders decomposition (BD) approach where we solve the slave subproblems analytically. A strength of our approach is that it does not rely on any statistical approximation such as the sample average approximation, which is commonly employed in stochastic optimization. We also introduce an approximation algorithm for the problem variant with unit connection costs and unit attack costs, and a specific integer linear model for the case where all the survival probabilities of the nodes in case of an attack are equal. Our methods are capable of solving relevant instances of the problem with hundreds of nodes within 1 hour of computational time. With this work, we aim to foster research on stochastic versions of the CNP, a problem tackled mainly in deterministic contexts so far. Interestingly, we also show a successful application of the concept of probability chains for problem linearizations significantly improved by decomposition methods such as the BD.
Gain‐scheduled controller design for linear parameter varying systems subject to pole assignment
Authors: Ku Cheung‐Chieh , Chang Wen‐Jer , Yen Chih‐Yu , Chen Guan‐Wei 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis paper addresses a pole‐assignment control problem for discrete‐time linear parameter varying (LPV) systems. Based on LPV modeling approach, time‐varying systems can be mathematically described via combining several linear systems and a specific weighting function. For the LPV systems, gain‐scheduled (GS) control scheme is applied to deal with stabilization problem subject to pole‐assignment constraint. Moreover, two cases of Lyapunov function are respectively employed to derive some sufficient conditions which belong to linear matrix inequality (LMI) problems. Solving those derived conditions, the corresponding GS scheduled controller can be designed such that the asymptotical stability and pole assignment of LPV systems are guaranteed. Finally, a controller problem of truck‐trailer system is used to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed design methods.
Long‐term renal prognosis and risk for hypertension after myeloablative therapies in survivors of childhood high‐risk neuroblastoma: A nationwide study
Authors: Suominen Anu , Jahnukainen Timo , Ojala Tiina H. , Sarkola Taisto , Turanlahti Maila , Saarinen‐Pihkala Ulla M. , Jahnukainen Kirsi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with high‐risk neuroblastoma (HR NBL) treated with myeloablative regimens are reported to be at risk for cardiovascular morbidity, and this risk may be increased by impaired renal function.ProcedureLong‐term renal function was assessed in a national cohort of 18 (age 22.4 ± 4.9 years) HR NBL survivors by plasma creatinine (P‐Cr), urea, and cystatin C (P‐Cys C) concentrations, urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Ambulatory blood pressure was monitored, and common carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were evaluated.ResultsNo significant difference in P‐Cr, P‐Cys C, or eGFR was found between the NBL survivors and the age‐ and sex‐matched 20 controls. P‐Cys C–based eGFR (eGFRcysc) was significantly lower than the P‐Cr–based eGFRcr (97 ± 17 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs 111 ± 19 mL/min/1.73 m2, P < 0.001) among the NBL survivors. The eGFRcysc was below normal in 28%, and ACR was above normal in 22% of the NBL survivors. Abnormal blood pressure was found in 56% of the survivors, and an additional 17% were normotensive at daytime but had significant nocturnal hypertension. Both ACR and P‐Cys C were associated with nighttime diastolic hypertension.ConclusionsLong‐term survivors of childhood HR NBL showed signs of only mild renal dysfunction associated with diastolic hypertension. Elevated ACR and P‐Cys C were the most sensitive indicators of glomerular renal dysfunction and hypertension in this patient cohort.
Polyketone nanofiber: an effective reinforcement for the development of novel UV‐curable, highly transparent and flexible polyurethane nanocomposite films
Authors: Gavande Vishal , Lee Seungjae , Im Donghyeok , Nagappan Saravanan , Ha Chang‐Sik , Lee Won‐Ki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study deals with the fabrication of a novel polyketone nanofiber‐reinforced UV‐curable polyurethane acrylate nanocomposite. An aliphatic polyketone nanofibrous mat was proficiently prepared by electrospinning using a solvent mixture of methylene chloride and trifluoroacetic acid. The outstanding characteristics of polymer nanofibers including a small pore size, a high aspect ratio and molecular orientation and an excellent mechanical performance offer the use of nanofibers as reinforcement in making nanocomposites. We fabricated a novel highly transparent and flexible nanocomposite film based on casting, electrospinning and UV‐curing processes. This method allowed significant enhancement of the mechanical properties using a very small amount (approximately 3.5 gsm) of polyketone nanofiber. The yield strength and Young's modulus of the nanocomposite were improved by up to 61% and 60%, respectively, compared to a UV‐cured polyurethane acrylate film. The reinforcing effect of nanofibers was accomplished without sacrificing the transparency and flexibility of polyurethane acrylate. The morphologies of the nanofibers and fiber–resin interface as well as the characteristics of the nanocomposite films were also studied. The effective use of nanofibers as a reinforcement and the preparation of a nanocomposite along with its characterization in comparison to a UV‐cured polyurethane acrylate film are also discussed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
WHIRLY2 plays a key role in mitochondria morphology, dynamics, and functionality in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Golin Serena , Negroni Yuri L. , Bennewitz Bationa , Klösgen Ralf B. , Mulisch Maria , La Rocca Nicoletta , Cantele Francesca , Vigani Gianpiero , Lo Schiavo Fiorella , Krupinska Karin , Zottini Michela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWHIRLY2 is a single‐stranded DNA binding protein associated with mitochondrial nucleoids. In the why 2‐1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, a major proportion of leaf mitochondria has an aberrant structure characterized by disorganized nucleoids, reduced abundance of cristae, and a low matrix density despite the fact that the macroscopic phenotype during vegetative growth is not different from wild type. These features coincide with an impairment of the functionality and dynamics of mitochondria that have been characterized in detail in wild‐type and why 2‐1 mutant cell cultures. In contrast to the development of the vegetative parts, seed germination is compromised in the why 2‐1 mutant. In line with that, the expression level of why 2 in seeds of wild‐type plants is higher than that of why 3, whereas in adult plant no difference is found. Intriguingly, in early stages of shoots development of the why 2‐1 mutant, although not in seeds, the expression level of why 3 is enhanced. These results suggest that WHIRLY3 is a potential candidate to compensate for the lack of WHIRLY2 in the why 2‐1 mutant. Such compensation is possible only if the two proteins are localized in the same organelle. Indeed, in organello protein transport experiments using intact mitochondria and chloroplasts revealed that WHIRLY3 can be dually targeted into both, chloroplasts and mitochondria. Together, these data indicate that the alterations of mitochondria nucleoids are tightly linked to alterations of mitochondria morphology and functionality. This is even more evident in those phases of plant life when mitochondrial activity is particularly high, such as seed germination. Moreover, our results indicate that the differential expression of why 2 and why 3 predetermines the functional replacement of WHIRLY2 by WHIRLY3, which is restricted though to the vegetative parts of the plant.
Usability, acceptability, and feasibility of the Implementation of Infant Pain Practice Change (ImPaC) Resource
Authors: Bueno Mariana , Stevens Bonnie , Rao Megha , Riahi Shirine , Lanese Alexa , Li Shelly‐Anne ,   The CIHR ImPaC Resource Team
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Implementation of Infant Pain Practice (ImPaC) Resource is an eHealth tool designed to support infant pain practice change and ultimately enhance pain outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine users' perspectives on usability, acceptability, and feasibility of the ImPaC Resource. A descriptive prospective mixed‐methods quality improvement study was conducted at a pediatric hospital in Canada. Individual “think aloud” interviews were conducted in a nonclinical environment (Phase A); “near live” testing was conducted while users interacted with the Resource in clinical setting (Phase B); individual “think‐aloud” interviews were conducted in a nonclinical environment (Phase C). Outcomes included usability (System Usability Scale—SUS), acceptability (Acceptability E‐Scale—AES), and feasibility. Interview transcripts were coded per a priori themes using deductive content analysis to create a structured categorization matrix. In Phase A, 10 clinicians interacted with the Resource in individual sessions. Median SUS score was 73.75 (range 52.5‐92.5). In Phase B, four clinicians implemented the Resource in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) over 4 months. Median SUS score was 85 (82.5‐92.5), and median AES score was 24 (21‐24). In Phase C, an enhanced prototype was produced, and the same users from Phase B navigated the Resource in individual sessions. Median SUS score was 88.75 (85‐95), and median AES score was 27.5 (25‐29). Users considered the Resource as feasible for implementation, easy to navigate, engaging, intuitive, comprehensive, and evidence‐based. Users highlighted the potential transferability of the Resource to other contexts and settings. The enhanced version of the ImPaC Resource was usable, acceptable, feasible, and met users' expectations and requirements. Results lead the way for evaluation of the Resource in a nationwide cluster randomized trial including 18 NICUs. This knowledge‐rich platform is expected to enhance infant pain practices and outcomes in diverse clinical settings.
Existence of α‐mangostin conformers and effects of aprotic and protic solvents on their equilibria, UV–Vis spectra, and chemical descriptors: Density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory study
Authors: Kaewsud Kanthira , Ruangpornvisuti Vithaya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe physicochemical, thermodynamic, spectroscopic, and electronic properties of α‐mangostin dye (1,3,6‐trihydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐2,8‐bis(3‐methyl‐2‐buten‐1‐yl)‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one) were investigated. Five conformers of the α‐mangostin dye were obtained using three different polarizable continuum model (PCM)/density functional theory (DFT) methods: wB97XD/6‐31+G(d,p), M06‐2X/6‐31+G(d,p), and B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p). The species distribution of the five conformers in acetonitrile, water, and the gas phase was derived from the Gibbs free energy changes of their interconversion equilibria. Three dominant conformers (Conformers 2, 3, and 4) were found as coexisting species in solvents. Chemical descriptors of the three dominant conformers of the α‐mangostin in acetonitrile and water were obtained. Simulated UV–Vis spectra of the existing conformers and their mixtures in acetonitrile and water derived from the PCM/TD‐DFT calculations were in good agreement with experimental results. Because the three dominant conformers of α‐mangostin absorb light in the UV region, the application of α‐mangostin dye for UV protection is suggested. The performance of the three dominant α‐mangostin conformers in dye sensitized solar cells was also investigated.
Degradation of PFOA with a nanosecond‐pulsed plasma gas–liquid flowing film reactor
Authors: Bulusu Radha K. M. , Wandell Robert J. , Zhang Zhiming , Farahani Meysam , Tang Youneng , Locke Bruce R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA continuous gas–liquid flowing film reactor with a nanosecond‐pulsed power supply was utilized for the degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as assessed by fluoride (F−) formation. PFOA, 50 mg/L, dissolved in deionized water was supplied at 2 ml/min with an argon carrier gas. The liquid phase was analyzed for F− using ion chromatography. The power supply pulse frequency (f) was varied between 0.25‐ and 10‐kHz using a constant 16‐kV input voltage and 40‐ns pulse width. The highest F− production rate (), 1.57 × 10−8 mol/s, occurred at 5 kHz whereas the highest efficiency of F− production (), 9.12 × 10−9 mol/J, was found at 0.25 kHz.
Influence of flooding period and seed burial depth on Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) seed germination
Authors: Franca Lucas X , Dodds Darrin M , Reynolds Daniel B , Bond Jason A , Mills Anthony , Catchot Angus L , Peterson Daniel G 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDFlooding throughout fall and winter months is an effective practice for rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw decomposition, soil seedbank depletion, and waterfowl habitat in Mississippi. Nevertheless, limited research is available regarding the effects of fall–winter flooding and seed burial depth on Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) seed germination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of flooding period and seed burial depth on A. palmeri seed damage and germination in three different soil textures in Mississippi.RESULTSAmaranthus palmeri seed damage was greater when seeds were buried in sandy loam compared to silt loam soil textures. An interaction between flooding period and seed burial depth was present for A. palmeri seed germination. Flooding periods of 1‐month (at 0 and 15 cm burial depth) and 2 months (at 0 cm burial depth) provided similar A. palmeri seed germination compared to no‐flooding (at 0 cm burial depth). In addition, flooding periods of 3, 4, and 5 months reduced A. palmeri seed germination by 10, 10 and 14 percentage points at 0 cm burial depth, and 36, 40, and 41 percentage points when seeds were buried at 15 cm, respectively, across all soil textures.CONCLUSIONThis research demonstrates that flooding for 3, 4, and 5‐months throughout fall and winter is an effective cultural practice to increase soil seedbank depletion through reduced germination potential to help manage herbicide‐resistant A. palmeri populations in sandy loam, silt, and silt loam soil textures. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Impacts of corn stover removal on carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions
Authors: Drury C. F. , Woodley A. L. , Reynolds W. D. , Yang X. M. , Phillips L. A. , Rehmann L. , Calder W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHarvesting corn (Zea mays L.) stover for production of biofuels, industrial sugars, bioproducts, and livestock bedding is increasing rapidly, but little is known of the impacts of stover removal on soil‐borne greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study evaluated the impacts of removing surface corn stover (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 wt. % removal) on carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from a sandy loam soil cropped to monoculture corn using conventional moldboard plow tillage (CT) and no‐tillage (NT). Stover removal systematically decreased CO2 emissions from CT, whereas stover removal had little effect on CO2 emissions from NT. In particular, the CT 0% stover removal treatment produced 47% greater CO2 emissions (5.75 Mg CO2–C ha−1) than the CT 100% removal (3.91 Mg CO2–C ha−1) treatment. Stover removal increased N2O emissions from both tillage treatments, producing up to a 75% increase under CT (2.79 kg N ha−1 at 0% removal; 4.87 kg N ha−1 at 100% removal) and up to a 95% increase under NT (1.75 kg N ha−1 at 0% removal; 3.41 kg N ha−1 at 100% removal). Cumulative nitrate exposure increased in comparable patterns to N2O emissions when stover residues were removed. There was a trade‐off in GHG emissions resulting from stover removal under CT, whereby increasing stover removal reduced CO2 emissions but increased N2O emissions. In contrast, stover removal did not affect CO2 emissions under NT but it increased N2O emissions especially at the 100% removal rates.
Tailoring the Heterostructure of Colloidal Quantum Dots for Ratiometric Optical Nanothermometry
Authors: Zhao Haiguang , Vomiero Alberto , Rosei Federico 
Published: May 2020

AbstractColloidal quantum dots (QDs) are a fascinating class of semiconducting nanocrystals, thanks to their optical properties tunable through size and composition, and simple synthesis methods. Recently, colloidal double‐emission QDs have been successfully applied as competitive optical temperature sensors, since they exhibit structure‐tunable double emission, temperature‐dependent photoluminescence, high quantum yield, and excellent photostability. Until now, QDs have been used as nanothermometers for in vivo biological thermal imaging, and thermal mapping in complex environments at the sub‐microscale to nanoscale range. In this Review, recent progress for QD‐based nanothermometers is highlighted and perspectives for future work are described.
A critical review on blockchain assessment initiatives: A technology evolution viewpoint
Authors: Colomo‐Palacios Ricardo , Sánchez‐Gordón Mary , Arias‐Aranda Daniel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBlockchain is considered as a major emerging technology that is having an ever‐increasing spread both in industrial and academic contexts. As the usage of blockchain keeps increasing, a fourth generation of blockchain platforms is being proposed. Thus, applications of blockchain have evolved towards wider scopes than cryptocurrency and asset management. In this context, it is important for practitioners to have deep understanding of various blockchain assessment initiatives. Therefore, this work discusses blockchain assessment initiatives from a technology evolution viewpoint. Furthermore, a mapping was conducted to identify factors that impact blockchain initiatives, synthesize available evidence, and identify gaps between relevant approaches available in the literature. As a result, nine selected works were analyzed based on applicability, research approach, assessment process, blockchain adoption process, and blockchain waves. The findings can help practitioners to understand the main assessment factors that undermine blockchain implementations.
Restoring aged stem cell functionality: Current progress and future directions
Authors: Spehar Kevin , Pan Andrew , Beerman Isabel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Stem cell dysfunction is a hallmark of aging, associated with the decline of physical and cognitive abilities of humans and other mammals [Cell 2013;153:1194]. Therefore, it has become an active area of research within the aging and stem cell fields, and various techniques have been employed to mitigate the decline of stem cell function both in vitro and in vivo. While some techniques developed in model organisms are not directly translatable to humans, others show promise in becoming clinically relevant to delay or even mitigate negative phenotypes associated with aging. This review focuses on diet, treatment, and small molecule interventions that provide evidence of functional improvement in at least one type of aged adult stem cell.
Controlling incisor torque with completely customized lingual appliances
Authors: Alouini Ons , Knösel Michael , Blanck-Lubarsch Moritz , Helms Hans-Joachim , Wiechmann Dirk 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To test the null hypothesis of no significant deviation between the center of rotation (CROT) and the center of resistance (CRES) during space closure in Angle class II division 2 subjects achieved using a completely customized lingual appliance (CCLA) in combination with class II elastics and elastic chains.

Methods
This retrospective study included 29 patients (male/female 11/18; mean age 15.6 [13–27] years) with inclusion criteria of an Angle class II/2 occlusion of least of half of a cusp, maxillary dental arch spacing, completed CCLA treatment (WIN, DW Lingual Systems, Bad Essen, Germany) in one center with a standardized archwire sequence and use of class II elastics and elastic chains only. Maxillary incisor root inclination was assessed by X‑ray superimpositions of the maxilla at the beginning (T1) and the end (T3) of CCLA treatment. Using Keynote software (Apple®, Cupertino, CA, USA), the incisor’s CROT was assessed with the point of intersection of the incisor axes (T1; T3) following vertical correction of overbite changes. CRES was defined at 36% of the incisor’s apex–incisal edge distance.

Results
The null hypothesis was rejected: the mean CROT − CRES difference was 52.6% (p < 0.001). The mean CROT was located at 88.6% (min–max 51–100%) of the incisor’s apex–incisal edge distance. Although 6.9% of CROT were located between the CRES and the alveolar crest, the vast majority (93.1%) were assessed between the alveolar crest and the incisal edge, or beyond.

Conclusion
CCLAs can create upper incisor palatal root torque even in cases in which lingually oriented forces applied incisally to the center of resistance of the upper incisors counteract these intended root movements.