bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory in architectural research
Authors: Sudradjat Iwan 
Published: March 2020

”Teori” merupakan terminologi yang maknanya jarang dipahami dengan benar oleh para mahasiswa, dosen dan bahkan peneliti sekalipun. Gambaran mental yang mereka miliki tentang teori adalah sesuatu yang abstrak, mengawang-awang, rumit, oleh karena itu dianggap sebagai hal yang patut dihindari. Seorang sosiolog terkenal Ian Craib (1984) dengan tepat memberikan gambaran tersebut: ”The very word “theory”sometimes seems to scare people … (Only) few people feel at home with theory or use it in a productive way”.
Tidak dapat dibantah, teori mempunyai kedudukan yang sangat penting dalam penelitian di bidang ilmu apapun, termasuk penelitian di bidang arsitektur. Teori berperan untuk menjelaskan keterkaitan antara suatu fenomena dengan data empiris yang diamati dan dianalisis secara sistematis oleh peneliti. Kerlinger (1973) mendefinisikan teori sebagai ”seperangkat konsep, definisi dan proposisi yang menyajikan gambaran sistematik tentang suatu fenomena beserta hubungan di antara variabel-variabelnya, dengan tujuan memberi penjelasan atau memprediksi tentang fenomena tersebut”.
Lebih lanjut Neuman (2003) menjelaskan bahwa teori memiliki peran penting dalam mengkaitkan suatu hasil penelitian dengan sejumlah pengetahuan relevan yang telah disumbangkan oleh para peneliti sebelumnya, sehingga melalui penelitiannya seorang peneliti tidak hanya mampu melihat sebatang pohon, tetapi sebuah hutan yang dipenuhi dengan banyak pohon. Teori dengan kata lain berperan meningkatkan kesadaran peneliti terhadap interkonektisitas di antara data dan hasil penelitian.
Sayangnya banyak peneliti yang tidak mampu secara eksplisit menentukan teori mana yang sesuai dengan penelitiannya, dan bagaimana teori tersebut harus digunakan. Sebagai akibatnya mereka cenderung menjadi peneliti yang a-teoretis dan perannya hanya terbatas pada kolektor data empiris.
Untuk meneliti tentang makna dalam arsitektur misalnya, seorang peneliti secara eksplisit harus menetapkan alternatif teori mana yang paling relevan baginya di antara sekian banyak teori yang telah berkembang, apakah teori strukturalisme, fenomenologi, pasca strukturalisme atau teori lainnya.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among school children of Bhaktapur and Kathmandu
Authors: Kayastha Pawana , Vaidya Binit , Shakya Dipesh 
Published: March 2020

Background: World Health Organization defines childhood obesity as “one of the most serious public health challenges”. Low income countries like Nepal experience a burden of infectious diseases as well as rising incidence of noncommunicable diseases frequently associated with obesity. There is paucity of information on childhood obesity in Nepal.
Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in school going children and find its association with blood pressure.Methodology: A school based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 509 children aged between 10-16 years, studying in grade 5-10 of private schools in Kathmandu and Bhaktapur. Simple random sampling technique was used for data collection. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were taken using standard protocol. Obesity was assessed using Body Mass Index criteria.Results: The overall prevalence of obesity and overweight in children were found to be 1.6% and 6.1% respectively. This study also showed that prevalence of obesity in children from Kathmandu is comparatively more, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). A highly significant relationship was observed for diastolic blood pressure and Body Mass Index (p<0.001) between the two groups.Conclusion: This study concludes that obesity though small in percentage, was found in rising trend when compared with previous data. Also, there was strong association with blood pressure, so timely identification and control of obesity is required for prevention of development of other cardiovascular comorbidities.
Estimation of sex using discriminant function analysis of percutaneous finger lengths in Nepalese adults
Authors: Walung Eugen Dolma , Maharjan Mani Raj , Shrestha Rijen 
Published: March 2020

Background: Disasters are a common occurrence in Nepal. This necessitates the development of baseline forensic anthropological data specific to the Nepalese population. Recent advances in the field of forensic medicine and sciences have somewhat reduced the relevance of forensic anthropology in the western developed world. The financial burden of these newer techniques, however, puts emphasis back on methodological examination of remains to establish identity.Objectives: To establish the sex of the individual from the percutaneous length of the fingers.Methodology: One hundred and twenty medical students (58 males and 62 females) were randomly selected and their finger lengths measured. These measurements were analyzed to establish discriminant functions to estimate sex.Results: The equation derived was Y = (1.822 x Left index finger length) + (1.141 x Left little finger length) – 19.211. Group centroids were calculated to be -0.933 for females and 0.998 for males. The sensitivity was found to be 76.9% and a specificity of 78.2%. Overall, the function correctly classified 77.5% of the original cases.Conclusion: Based on these findings, finger length is as reliable in estimation of sex of an individual as other longs bones and can be an ideal tool for examination, especially in remains where the skull and pelvis are absent or missing.
Awareness and practice regarding cervical cancer screening among women visiting a tertiary hospital of Kathmandu
Authors: Parajuli Puspa , Paudel Narayani , Dahal Sunita 
Published: March 2020

Background: Cervical cancer is the leading female cancer in Nepal. Fortunately, it is preventable by detectingprecancerous lesions and by various screening tools for early invasive cancers. Screening can be possible if women are aware of the problem. Despite the existence of effective screening using Pap smear, the uptake of screening is poor.Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the awareness and practice regarding cervical cancer screening among women visiting tertiary hospital.Methodology: A descriptive cross – sectional study was conducted to assess the awareness and practice regarding cervical cancer screening among women attending in gynaecological outpatient department of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. A total of one hundred and fifty two women were selected purposively for the study. Structured questionnaire was designed and data collection was done through face to face interview technique during the period of September to November 2018. The collected data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science version 20.Results: Among 152 respondents, majority of the respondents (59.2%) were aware that multiple sexual partners is one of the risk factors of cervical cancer. 38.8% were aware that cervical cancer can be prevented by regular cervical screening. Majority of the respondents: 152 (44.7%) had given correct response regarding meaning of cervical cancer screening and 42.8% were aware of Pap smear test for cervical screening. Only 31.6% had performed cervical cancer screening at least once. Overall mean percentage knowledge was 3.08 with SD 0.96.There was weak correlation between knowledge and practice.Conclusion: This study concluded that majority of respondents had inadequate knowledge and practice regarding cervical cancer screening. Thus, cervical cancer screening health camps and awareness program should be conducted at community to national level for women, to increase the level of knowledge and practice regarding cervical cancer screening.
Radiofrequency ablation as a concomitant procedure for the treatment of atrial fibrillation during cardiac surgery
Authors: Tiwari Kaushal K , Gasbarri Tommaso , Bevilacqua Stefano , Jawarkar Manish , Shah Mausam , Doshi Chirag , Glauber Mattia 
Published: March 2020

Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of arrhythmia with increasing burden for stroke and thromboembolic events. Medical treatment of atrial fibrillation has not shown promising results, so alternative method of treatment is emerging out. Cox-Maze procedure has been used for decades for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation with traditional Cox-Maze procedure is a complex and technically challenging procedure limiting its use in clinical practice. Recently, radiofrequency ablation is being used as a modification of Cox-Maze procedure. However, its effect in the treatment of atrial fibrillation in not reported uniformly and in large number of patients. Therefore, our aim of study was to assess the impact of concomitant radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of atrial fibrillation during cardiac surgery. We performed literature review on PubMed Central to evaluate effect of concomitant radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation treatment. About 303 papers were found using the reported search, of which 15 represented suitable to fulfill our query. The authors, date, patient group, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. We conclude that radiofrequency ablation surgery of left atrium at the time of other cardiac procedures is a comparatively straightforward procedure with satisfactory freedom from atrial fibrillation, acceptable morbidity, mortality, and minor procedure related complications. Careful patients selection by sticking to the - Rule of 5, i.e. left atrial diameter less than 55 mm and atrial fibrillation duration no more than five years, is recommended to optimize the result of atrial fibrillation surgery.
West syndrome - Diagnostic dilemma in a month old infant without typical electroencephalographic features: A case report
Authors: Subedi Kiran , Basnet Rydam , Bhandari Bikash , Gongal Sonsy , Rajak Ashik 
Published: March 2020

Infantile spasm constitutes 2% of childhood epilepsies but 25% of epilepsy with onset in the first year of life. The rate of infantile spasm is estimated to be 2.5-6.0 cases per 10,000 live births. Its prevalence rate is 1.5-2.0 cases per 10,000 children aged 10 years or younger. Ninety percent of infantile spasms begin in infants younger than 12 months with a peak onset at age 4-6 months.
We report a case of 45 days old male child who had onset of flexor spasms since one month of age which is an unusual age of onset of West syndrome. The symptoms were initially thought as a simple startle response by the mother. This is a rare case because of its age of onset and lack of typical electroencephalographic features. Although the electroencephalography showed abnormal pattern suggesting seizure disorder, the frequently encountered pattern of hypsarrhythmia seen in children with infantile spasm was not seen in this case. It was difficult to assess developmental regression in a month old child who in subsequent visits had some degree of developmental delay. Hence fulfilling two of the three criterias for the diagnosis.
Comparative Study of Cardiovascular Response to Laryngoscopy With Endotracheal Intubation and Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion
Authors: Poudel Hari , Shrestha Rabin Sundar , Bawa S.N. 
Published: March 2020

Background: Airway management is the most essential manoeuvre during delivery of general anaesthesia. Traditionally, laryngoscopy and endotracheal tube (ETT) insertion has been the mainstay in providing adequate airway management and delivering anaesthesia. The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) offers a much less invasive way of maintaining the airway as it does not pass through the glottis and does not require the use of the laryngoscope. Laryngoscopy and ETT or LMA insertion are noxious stimuli which provoke a transient but marked sympathetic response manifesting as hypertension and tachycardia.
Materials and Methods: A hospital based comparative study was conducted to determine the haemodynamic response elicited by laryngoscopy and ETT and compare it with that elicited by LMA in ASA I (American Society Anesthesiologist) and ASA II patients, undergoing elective surgeries at Manipal Teaching Hospital.
Results: The change in hemodynamic parameters after laryngoscopy and ETT insertion were significantly greater than those elicited by LMA (p<0.0001). The increase took about 5 minutes to return to pre insertion values in the ETT group, whereas about 3 minutes in the LMA group. It took a significantly shorter time to insert an LMA (12.63 sec) compared to ETT (22.76 sec).
Conclusion: The haemodynamic changes elicited by LMA are less and short lived compared to those elicited by laryngoscopy and ETT insertion. It takes a shorter time and is much easier to insert an LMA compared to ETT.
Adherence to Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment Program in Western Nepal
Authors: Vaidya Leepa , Sharma Rajan , Acharya Lumeshwor , Lamichhane Nirmal , Timasina Ravi Raj 
Published: March 2020

Background: Opioid use is a serious global problem and the problem is increasing over years. Buprenorphine has been approved as a substitution therapy in Nepal, but there are few long-term studies of its effectiveness.
Aim: This study aimed to assess the 1-year efficacy of buprenorphine and reasons for dropout.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara from 29th August 2016 to 31st August 2017. The Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment Program (BMT) was started on 29th August 2016 and all the clients enrolled in the program within 1 year of starting BMT were included in the study.
Results: 75% of the enrolled clients dropped out in 1-year period.
Conclusion: Adherence to Buprenorphine was better in flexible dose adjustment group. Combination of buprenorphine and psychosocial treatment would have been related with better outcome.
Rewiwalizm kultury i folkloryzm
Authors: Fox Dorota 
Published: March 2020

Wzrost zainteresowania tradycją i pamięcią, także mocno odczuwalna potrzeba „zakorzenienia” się w środowisku, przejawia się obecnie między innymi w rozkwicie rozmaitych widowisk opartych na folklorze, wyrastających z dawnej tradycji ludowej, w różny sposób ją eksplorujących. Widowiska tego typu były i są nadal domeną teatrów amatorskich, działających w środowisku wiejskim, poza głównym nurtem życia teatralnego, co tłumaczy niewielkie nimi zainteresowanie badaczy, zarówno teatrologów jak i etnografów. Zmiana takiego nastawienia wymaga podjęcia gruntownych badań terenowych, by opisać fenomen amatorskich teatrów obrzędowych i ich kondycje w czasach współczesnych w najodpowiedniejszym dla nich kontekście: olkloryzmu, postfolkloryzmu. oraz rewiwalizmu. Zawarte w artykule rozważania są zatem wstępem do tego typu badań i sprawdzeniem możliwości wykorzystania w nich koncepcji transferu kulturowego. Wydaje się bowiem interesujące prześledzenie dróg transmisji treści ludowej kultury tradycyjnej - folkloru, do jakiej dochodziło i nadal dochodzi za pośrednictwem teatrów obrzędowych, w sieci uwarunkowań, jakim podlegają, działając w ciągle zmieniającej się pod wpływem mediów rzeczywistości kulturowej oraz wstępne rozpoznanie celów, jakie stawiają sobie inicjatorzy i sprawcy tego transferu.
Opinie o ceremoniale dyplomatycznym w Rosji na podstawie relacji uczestników poselstw Rzeczypospolitej w drugiej połowie XVII wieku
Authors: Wojciechowski Jerzy 
Published: March 2020

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie sposobu przyjmowania misji dyplomatycznych Rzeczypospolitej w Rosji w drugiej połowie XVII wieku. Opierając się na przebiegu poselstw, ukazano, jak Rosjanie przyjmowali poselstwa dyplomatyczne w ich kraju, na co zwracali szczególną uwagę oraz jak starali się wpływać na tok rozmów. Podkreślono znaczenie, jakie wówczas przywiązywano do zachowania zasad ceremoniału dyplomatycznego.
Peran Pemberdayaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga dalam Pemberdayaan Perempuan di Kecamatan Telaga
Authors: Hanis Nikma Wahyuni , Marzaman Atika 
Published: March 2020

This study aims to determine the extent of the role of the family welfare empowerment program (PKK) in increasing women's empowerment in Telaga District. This research is a qualitative research with data collection method through interviews and documentation. The research results obtained that the implementation of the PKK program has provided many benefits in empowering women, especially in the village. The success was obtained thanks to government support at the sub-district level and also for direct coaching by the Gorontalo Regency PKK management to sub-district and village PKK. The PKK program is also not fully implemented. The main obstacles faced are the low capacity of the community, especially women, and the lack of mastery of technology. For this reason, active participation and full support from the government are needed in the development and maximization of the PKK program. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui sejauhmana peran program pemberdayaan kesejahteraan keluarga (PKK) dalam meningkatkan pemberdayaan perempuan di Kecamatan Telaga. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa pelaksanaan program PKK telah banyak memberikan manfaat dalam pemberdayaan perempuan khususnya di Desa. Keberhasilan diperoleh berkat adanya dukungan pemerintah di tingkat kecamatan dan juga atas pembinaan langsung oleh pengurus PKK Kabupaten Gorontalo kepada PKK kecamatan hingga desa. Program PKK juga belum sepenuhnya dilaksanakan secara maksimal. Hambatan utama yang dihadapi adalah masih rendahnya kapasitas masyarakat khususnya perempuan serta masih minimnya penguasaan terhadap teknologi. Untuk itu diperlukan partisipasi aktif dan dukungan penuh dari pemerintah dalam pengembangan dan maksimalisasi program PKK.
Pediatric neurosurgery training during residency in the United States: a program director survey
Authors: Limoges Natalie , D’Agostino Erin , Gelinne Aaron , Maher Cormac O. , Scott R. Michael , Grant Gerald , Krieger Mark D. , Limbrick David D. , White Michael , Durham Susan 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVEPediatric neurosurgery is a core component of neurosurgical residency training. Pediatric case minimums are established by the Neurosurgery Residency Review Committee of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Case minimums, by themselves, allow for great variability in training between programs. There are no prior data on how the residency programs meet these requirements. The authors’ objective was to gather information on pediatric neurosurgical education among the ACGME-accredited neurosurgery training programs in order to shape further pediatric neurosurgical educational efforts.METHODSA 25-question survey about pediatric neurosurgical education was created by the Education Committee of the Section on Pediatric Neurological Surgery of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons and distributed to program directors of all 111 ACGME-accredited neurosurgery training programs.RESULTSThe response rate was 77% (86/111). In 55% of programs the residents are rotated to a responder-designated “freestanding” children’s hospital, and 39% of programs rotate residents to a children’s hospital within a larger adult hospital or a general hospital. There are 4 or fewer pediatric neurosurgical faculty in 91% of programs. In 12% of programs less than 100 cases are performed per year, and in 45% more than 500 are performed. In 31% of responding neurosurgery residency programs there is also a pediatric neurosurgery fellowship program supported by the same sponsoring institution. Seventy-seven percent of programs have at least one specific pediatric neurosurgery rotation, with 71% of those rotations occurring during postgraduate year 3 and 50% occurring during postgraduate year 4. The duration of pediatric rotation varies from no specific rotation to more than 1 year, with 48% of residents spending 4–6 months on a pediatric rotation and 12% spending 7–11 months. Last, 17% of programs send their residents to external sites sponsoring other residency programs for their pediatric rotation.CONCLUSIONSThere is great variety between neurosurgery training programs with regard to resident education in pediatric neurosurgery. This study’s data will serve as a baseline for future studies, and the authors hope the findings will guide further efforts in pediatric neurosurgical education in residency training programs.
Resting-state functional MRI connectivity impact on epilepsy surgery plan and surgical candidacy: prospective clinical work
Authors: Boerwinkle Varina L. , Mirea Lucia , Gaillard William D. , Sussman Bethany L. , Larocque Diana , Bonnell Alexandra , Ronecker Jennifer S. , Troester Matthew M. , Kerrigan John F. , Foldes Stephen T. , Appavu Brian , Jarrar Randa , Williams Korwyn , Wilfong Angus A. , Adelson P. David 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVEThe authors’ goal was to prospectively quantify the impact of resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) on pediatric epilepsy surgery planning.METHODSFifty-one consecutive patients (3 months to 20 years old) with intractable epilepsy underwent rs-fMRI for presurgical evaluation. The team reviewed the following available diagnostic data: video-electroencephalography (n = 51), structural MRI (n = 51), FDG-PET (n = 42), magnetoencephalography (n = 5), and neuropsychological testing (n = 51) results to formulate an initial surgery plan blinded to the rs-fMRI findings. Subsequent to this discussion, the connectivity results were revealed and final recommendations were established. Changes between pre– and post–rs-fMRI treatment plans were determined, and changes in surgery recommendation were compared using McNemar’s test.RESULTSResting-state fMRI was successfully performed in 50 (98%) of 51 cases and changed the seizure onset zone localization in 44 (88%) of 50 patients. The connectivity results prompted 6 additional studies, eliminated the ordering of 11 further diagnostic studies, and changed the intracranial monitoring plan in 10 cases. The connectivity results significantly altered surgery planning with the addition of 13 surgeries, but it did not eliminate planned surgeries (p = 0.003). Among the 38 epilepsy surgeries performed, the final surgical approach changed due to rs-fMRI findings in 22 cases (58%), including 8 (28%) of 29 in which extraoperative direct electrical stimulation mapping was averted.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates the impact of rs-fMRI connectivity results on the decision-making for pediatric epilepsy surgery by providing new information about the location of eloquent cortex and the seizure onset zone. Additionally, connectivity results may increase the proportion of patients considered eligible for surgery while optimizing the need for further testing.