bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social memory and niche construction in a hypervariable environment
Authors: Douglass Kristina , Rasolondrainy Tanambelo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCommunities in southwest Madagascar have co‐evolved with a hypervariable environment and climate. The paleoclimate record reflects major fluctuations in climatic conditions over the course of Holocene human settlement. Archeological evidence indicates short‐term occupations of sites, suggesting that frequent residential mobility and flexible subsistence strategies have been central features of life on the southwest coast for millennia. Today, despite rapid changes linked to globalization and increasing market integration, mobility and subsistence flexibility remain key to the lives of communities of the region.AimsIn this article, we advocate closer consideration of the social dimensions of the human niche, and their inextricable links to the biophysical world. Specifically, we explore the theoretical implications of applying a Niche Construction Theory framework to understanding the role of social memory in constructing the human niche of SW Madagascar. We look at how social memory facilitates mobility, resource use, and the creation and maintenance of social identities and ties among communities of foragers, farmers, herders, and fishers living under hypervariable climatic conditions.Materials & MethodsWe conducted an extensive oral history survey in SW Madagascar between 2017 and 2018. We interviewed over 100 elders from 32 different communities.ResultsOur analysis of the oral history archive resulted in the development of a theoretical model of human niche construction centered on the maintenance and transmission of social memory.DiscussionWe argue that social memory and the ability to transmit oral histories of exchange, reciprocity, and cooperation, as well as ecological knowledge are key adaptive mechanisms that facilitate mobility and access to resources in a hypervariable environment.ConclusionThe preservation and transmission of oral histories and ecological knowledge are thus critical to future resilience and sustainability.
A Robust Porphyrin‐Stabilized Triplet Carbon Diradical
Authors: Wang Kaisheng , Liu Pingting , Zhang Fenni , Xu Ling , Zhou Mingbo , Nakai Akito , Kato Kenichi , Furukawa Ko , Tanaka Takayuki , Osuka Atsuhiro , Song Jianxin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of robust high‐spin carbon radicals is an important topic in organic chemistry. Toward this end, several porphyrin‐stabilized radicals have been systematically explored. A singly naphthalene‐fused porphyrin radical was synthesized by a reaction sequence consisting of a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of β‐borylated porphyrin with 2‐bromobenzaldehyde, addition of mesityl Grignard reagent, intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation, and final oxidation with DDQ ortBuOK/O2. This strategy was also used to synthesize doubly naphthalene‐fused porphyrins andsyn‐ andanti‐fused‐anthracene‐bridged porphyrin dimers. While singly naphthalene‐fused porphyrin radical has been shown to be a stable monoradical, doubly naphthalene‐fused porphyrins andanti‐fused‐anthracene‐bridged porphyrin dimers have been shown to be closed‐shell molecules. Finally, thesyn‐dimer was characterized as a surprisingly stable radical (t1/2=28 days under ambient air and at 80 °C) that is storable for more than several months, despite its high‐spin triplet ground‐state carbon diradical.
An Enzyme‐Activatable Engineered DNAzyme Sensor for Cell‐Selective Imaging of Metal Ions
Authors: Yi Deyu , Zhao Jian , Li Lele 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere is intense interest in imaging intracellular metal ions because of their vital roles in many cellular processes. The challenge has been to develop chemical approaches that can detect metal ions in a cell‐type‐specific manner. Herein we report the design of an enzyme‐activatable DNAzyme sensor technology that can distinguish metal‐ion signals in tumor cells from those in normal cells both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, the sensing activity of a traditional DNAzyme sensor was inhibited by engineering with a blocking sequence containing an abasic site that can be cleaved by cancer‐specific enzymes and thus enables the selective recovery of metal‐ion sensing capability in cancer cells. We demonstrated that the DNAzyme sensor not only enables cancer‐cell‐selective sensing and imaging of metal ions through an enzymically activated pathway, but also precise control over its metal‐ion sensing activity in tumor‐bearing mice. We envision the use of this biosensing technology to probe the biological roles of diverse metal ions in specific diseases.
Constructing online concept maps in CMap Cloud collaboratively: Connecting pathways in case scenarios
Authors: Gerber Hornink Gabriel , Costa Manuel João 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLearning metabolic pathways is vital for understanding biochemical processes and all of their implications for life. Their learning in the virtual environment is complex and generative learning strategies, such as the construction of online conceptual maps, can help in this process. This article presents a proposal for the collaborative construction of virtual concept maps on metabolism by students in the CMap Cloud browser application (free). A sequence of steps is suggested, which include online group brainstorming and discussions, peer assessment, and teachers feedback. This proposal is flexible and can be adapted to the didactic and technological reality of each teacher.
Human adipose‐derived stromal/stem cells are distinct from dermal fibroblasts as evaluated by biological characterization and RNA sequencing
Authors: Abreu de Melo Mariane Izabella , da Silva Cunha Pricila , Coutinho de Miranda Marcelo , Faraco Camila Cristina Fraga , Barbosa Joana Lobato , da Fonseca Ferreira Andrea , Kunrath Lima Marianna , Faria Jerusa Araújo Quintão Arantes , Rodrigues Michele Ângela , de Goes Alfredo Miranda , Gomes Dawidson Assis 
Published: January 2021

Human adipose‐derived stromal/stem cells (ASC) have immunomodulatory properties and the potential to differentiate into several cell lines, important for application in regenerative medicine. However, the contamination with dermal fibroblasts (FIB) can impair the beneficial effects of ASC in cell therapy. It is then essential to develop new strategies that contribute to the distinction between these two cell types. In this study, we performed functional assays, high‐throughput RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) to find new markers that can distinguish ASC and FIB. We showed that ASC have adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacity and alkaline phosphatase activity, not observed in FIB. Gene expression variation analysis identified more than 2000 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between these two cell types. We validated 16 genes present in the list of DEG, including the alkaline phosphatase gene (ALPL). In conclusion, we showed that ASC and FIB have distinct biological properties as demonstrated by alkaline phosphatase activity and differentiation capacity, besides having different gene expression profiles.Significance of the studyAlthough many differences between stromal stem cells derived from human adipose tissue (ASC) and human dermal fibroblasts (FIB) are described, it is still difficult to find specific markers to differentiate them. This problem can interfere with the therapeutic use of ASC. This work aimed to find new markers to differentiate these two cell populations. Our findings suggest that these cells can be distinguished by biological and molecular characteristics, such as adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, alkaline phosphatase activity and differential gene expression profiles. The DEG were related to the regulation of the cell cycle, development process, structural organization of the cell and synthesis of the extracellular matrix. This study helps to find new cellular markers to distinguish the two populations and to better understand the properties of these cells, which can improve cell therapy.
Autologous hematopoietic transplantation following COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Brzycki Marthilde , Richard Robert , Burwick Nicholas , Graf Solomon , O'Brien Craig , Wu Daniel , Chauncey Thomas R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAutologous hematopoietic cell transplantation following induction therapy is standard of care for most patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (N Engl J Med 2017, 376; 1311). Though active COVID‐19 infection is typically a contraindication to aggressive therapy, little is known about the safety of autologous transplantation after resolution of acute symptoms and undetectable pathogen by nasopharyngeal PCR.
Necrobiosis lipoidica: A case report with dermoscopic review
Authors: Shrestha Samir , Spierings Natalia , Marahatta Suchana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe diagnosis of NL is made traditionally by Histopathological Examination (HPE). This case report will aid for alternative noninvasive modality for confirmation of the condition via dermoscopy and differentiating it from other granulomatous skin condition.
Is CSR the new competitive environment for CEOs? The association between CEO turnover, corporate social responsibility and board gender diversity: Asian evidence
Authors: Orij René P. , Rehman Saif , Khan Hashim , Khan Faisal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe choice for corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a strategic tool remains a debatable issue. While past studies suggest that the financial performance of a firm is the primary driver of CEO turnover; we found that a firm's CSR performance also has a relationship with CEO turnover, a negative relationship. Consistent with the hypotheses, our findings suggest that firm's CSR performance positively moderates the firm's financial performance–CEO turnover relationship. The firm's negative CSR performance–CEO turnover relationship is more pronounced in highCSR‐ranked firms. Precisely, the findings posit that CSR appears to (a) reduce likelihood of CEO turnover in general, (b) somewhat increases the likelihood of CEO turnover in case of poor financial performance, and (c) greatly reduces the likelihood of CEO turnover in case of better financial performance is good. Therefore, a CEO who is motivated to deliver profits in a socially responsible way may face both positive and negative personal consequences. Given the importance of the board gender diversity/gender critical mass, our findings show that the presence of gender critical mass moderates the firm's negative performance (CSR and ROA)–CEO turnover relationship. Further, we split the sample into low and highCSR‐ranked firms, and the findings show that the presence of gender critical mass substitutes the firm's negative performance (CSR and ROA)–CEO turnover relation in highCSR‐ranked firms; whereas, it moderates the relation in lowCSR‐ranked firms. Therefore, the presence of gender critical mass supports the statement that “CSR—combined with board gender diversity—is the new competitive environment for CEOs.”
A collaborative strategy for detection and eviction of Sybil attacker and Sybil nodes in VANET
Authors: P. Remya Krishnan , P. Arun Raj Kumar 
Published: January 2021

SummaryVehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a part of the intelligent transportation system (ITS) that provides safety and nonsafety applications. The high mobility of vehicles and the wireless communication environment in VANET makes it vulnerable to various attacks. One among them is the Sybil attack, where a Sybil attacker creates multiple fake identities called Sybil nodes that disrupt the functionality of VANET. Most of the existing solutions in the literature discuss identifying the Sybil nodes (virtual); very few works exist to determine the Sybil attacker (source node that generates Sybil nodes). In this paper, we propose a computation less heuristic approach that focuses on detecting the Sybil attacker and its Sybil nodes using signal strength measurements and Euclidean distance as the detection parameters. The central VANET server, Road Side Units (RSUs), and vehicles collaborate in the detection process, which improves the accuracy of our approach. The core of the approach is a reward‐based system, where the vehicle rewards are determined by collecting RSUs' feedback about the vehicle behavior. From simulation experiments, it is evident that our proposed approach achieves a maximum detection rate of 99.89% and a false positive rate of 0.012% than the existing techniques.
Modeling and delay performance analysis of wireless regional area networks under incumbent coexistence and self‐coexistence with multichannel operations
Authors: Khan Sheraz , Saengudomlert Poompat , Taparugssanagorn Attaphongse 
Published: January 2021

SummaryIncumbent coexistence and self‐coexistence are common among wireless regional area networks (WRANs) using TV white space (TVWS) due to their large coverages and opportunistic spectrum access. Among incumbents of WRANs are wireless microphones (WMs) whose frequent ON–OFF activities result in intermittent availability of transmission channels. In this work, WRANs under self‐coexistence in addition to incumbent coexistence are modeled for queueing analysis using two‐dimensional (2D) Markov chains taking into account intermittent channel availability for multichannel operations. The proposed models are created based on the widely used ON–OFF Markov chain model for an individual transmission channel. The Markov chain structures depend on the number of WRANs under self‐coexistence as well as the number of transmission channels. In order to reduce the computational complexity associated with a large number of channels, truncated Markov chain models are proposed so that the scenarios with more channels than WRANs can be analyzed with the same complexity as the scenarios with the same number of channels and WRANs. The matrix geometric method is used to numerically compute steady‐state probabilities of the Markov chain, which are then used to evaluate the mean packet delay performance. These results are then used to quantify the mean packet delay obtained from channel sharing among WRANs under self‐coexistence with multichannel operations. Finally, the impact of varying the number of channels as well as varying the ON‐OFF durations of each channel on the delay performance is observed.
Phytolith‐occluded carbon sequestration potential in three major steppe types along a precipitation gradient in Northern China
Authors: Qi Limin , Sun Tingyu , Guo Xudong , Guo Ying , Li Frank Yonghong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhytolith‐occluded carbon (PhytOC) is an important long‐term stable carbon fraction in grassland ecosystems and plays a promising role in global carbon sequestration. Determination of the PhytOC traits of different plants in major grassland types is crucial for precisely assessing their phytolith carbon sequestration potential. Precipitation is the predominant factor in controlling net primary productivity (NPP) and species composition of the semiarid steppe grasslands. We selected three representative steppe communities of the desert steppe, the dry typical steppe, and the wet typical steppe in Northern Grasslands of China along a precipitation gradient, to investigate their species composition, biomass production, and PhytOC content for quantifying its long‐term carbon sequestration potential. Our results showed that (a) the phytolith and PhytOC contents in plants differed significantly among species, with dominant grass and sedge species having relatively high contents, and the contents are significantly higher in the below‐ than the aboveground parts. (b) The phytolith contents of plant communities were 16.68, 17.94, and 15.85 g/kg in the above‐ and 86.44, 58.73, and 76.94 g/kg in the belowground biomass of the desert steppe, the dry typical steppe, and the wet typical steppe, respectively; and the PhytOC contents were 0.68, 0.48, and 0.59 g/kg in the above‐ and 1.11, 0.72, and 1.02 g/kg in the belowground biomass of the three steppe types. (c) Climatic factors affected phytolith and PhytOC production fluxes of steppe communities mainly through altering plant production, whereas their effects on phytolith and PhytOC contents were relatively small. Our study provides more evidence on the importance of incorporating belowground PhytOC production for estimating phytolith carbon sequestration potential and suggests it crucial to quantify belowground PhytOC production taking into account of plant perenniality and PhytOC deposition over multiple years.
Transfer Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to γ‐Valerolactone and Pyrrolidones Using a Homogeneous Nickel Catalyst
Authors: Jurado‐Vázquez Tamara , Arévalo Alma , García Juventino J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report a well‐defined homogeneous nickel‐based catalyst using the complex [dippeNi(COD)] (dippe=1,2‐bis(diisopropyl phosphino)ethane) as a catalytic precursor with high activity in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LVA) to yield γ‐valerolactone (GVL) under relatively mild conditions (4 h, 120 °C); formic acid (FA) is the transfer hydrogenation agent in a dehydrogenation‐hydrogenation process. Under optimized conditions, GVL was obtained with excellent yield (>99 %) and selectivity (>99 %). The Ni‐catalyst was assessed in the LVA hydrogenation with a variety of primary amines using an excess of FA (4 eq) as hydrogen donor at 15 h and 170 °C to produce 2‐pyrrolydones with excellent yield (>99 %) and fair to good selectivity (from 68 to 92 %).
Equilibrating ripple effect, disturbing information cascade effect and regional disparity – A perspective from China's tiered housing markets
Authors: Xiao Qin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe current study investigates the role of the tier‐one cities of China in affecting regional disparities within and across its five mega‐city clusters, through the lens of housing market. For that purpose, an equilibrating ripple effect is differentiated from a disturbing information cascade effect. Evidence suggests that a modest slow‐moving equilibrating force originated from Hong Kong has flowed across all tier‐one and most tier‐two cities in the mainland, indicating a narrowing of regional inequalities between Hong Kong and the mainland cities. On the other hand, a powerful disturbing force emanated from Beijing has affected all other cities, widening the inequality gap in between. The impulse response functions further suggest that this disturbing force has a permanent impact on regional disparity.
Inside Cover
Authors: Forouhesh Tehrani Kayvan , Koukourakis Nektarios , Czarske Jürgen , Mortensen Luke J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWavefront shaping technology can correct for wavefront distortion in turbid media and restore the diffraction‐limited imaging. However, the extent of each correction's validity, or the isoplanatic patch, in bone is unknown. In this paper, we present 1) direct measurement and 2) an in‐situ modeling method of the isoplanatic patch in the murine skull. (The authors thank Ms. Rachel Carlyle for her help with the design of the cover illustration.)Further details can be found in the article by Kayvan Forouhesh Tehrani, Nektarios Koukourakis, Jürgen Czarske, and Luke J. Mortensen (e202000160).
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Gallic acid protects cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum against oxidative damage and cholinergic dysfunction in an experimental model of manic‐like behavior: Comparison with lithium effects
Authors: Recart Vânia Machado , Spohr Luiza , Soares Mayara Sandrielly Pereira , de Mattos Bruna da Silveira , Bona Natália Pontes , Pedra Nathalia Stark , Teixeira Fernanda Cardoso , Gamaro Giovana Duzzo , Stefanello Francieli , Spanevello Roselia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of depression and mania, and oxidative stress has been associated with the observed neurochemical changes in this disease. We evaluated the effects of gallic acid on hyperlocomotion, acetylcholinesterase activity, and oxidative stress in an animal model of ketamine‐induced mania. Rats were pretreated orally with vehicle, gallic acid (50 or 100 mg/kg), or lithium (45 mg/kg twice a day) for 14 days. Between days 8 and 14, the animals also received ketamine (25 mg/kg) or saline daily. On the 15th day, hyperlocomotion was assessed, following which the animals were euthanized, and brains were collected. Results showed that ketamine‐induced hyperlocomotion and caused oxidative damage by increasing reactive oxygen species levels, lipid peroxidation, and nitrite levels, and decreasing the total thiol content and the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the brain. Pretreatment with gallic acid and lithium prevented hyperlocomotion and brain oxidative damage. Further, ketamine increased the acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus and striatum, whereas gallic acid and lithium ameliorated this alteration. Thus, gallic acid may provide effective protection against manic‐like behavior by reducing oxidative stress and preventing cholinergic signaling dysfunction in the brain regions involved in emotion regulation.
Genetic counseling for early onset and familial dementia: Patient perspectives on exome sequencing
Authors: Rolf Bradley , Blue Elizabeth E. , Bucks Stephanie , Dorschner Michael O. , Jayadev Suman 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGenetic testing has become routine for many inherited conditions; however, little is known about the unique issues that arise when offering genetic testing for inherited forms of dementia. To better understand the patient perspective, we surveyed study participants about their experiences as they underwent genetic counseling and genetic testing for dementia. We recruited 50 pairs of subjects. Each pair was comprised of one person with cognitive impairment and a cognitively intact co‐participant. Study participants received pre‐ and post‐test genetic counseling and comprehensive genetic testing for dementia. During the study, participant pairs completed four surveys which asked about their experience. Testing began with a 38 gene dementia panel. Participants with negative panel results or variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were reflexed to exome sequencing (ES). Twenty‐nine participants (58%) reported that their primary motivation to join the study was for the benefit to their families. Fifty‐two percent of participants initially planned to use their test results to make health and wellness changes, but, six months after disclosure, only 31% had done so. Six months after result disclosure, approximately 90% of participant pairs accurately recalled their genetic test results. Overall satisfaction with testing was high, and decision regret was negligible. This observational study describes the experiences of study participants undergoing genetic counseling and genetic testing for dementia and found that most participant pairs accurately recalled their results up to six months following disclosure while also maintaining high levels of satisfaction without decision regret. These findings suggest that, in the context of genetic counseling, genetic testing can be effectively used in this population.