bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidental thyroid papillary microcarcinoma on 1777 surgically treated patients for benign thyroid disease
Authors: Peluso Gaia , Masone Stefania , Campanile Silvia , Criscitiello Carmen , Dodaro Concetta , Calogero Armando , Incollingo Paola , Minieri Gianluca , Menkulazi Marsela , Scotti Alessandro , Tammaro Vincenzo , Jamshidi Ali Akbar , Pelosio Luigi , Caggiano Marcello , Carlomagno Nicola , Santangelo Michele L. 
Published: January 2020

Summary
Background
We evaluated the frequency of incidental papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (mPTC) in thyroidectomies performed for benign diseases, to better characterize this nosologic entity and to assess the best treatment.

Methods
Between 2009 and 2017, a total of 1777 patients underwent surgery for benign thyroid disease. Patients with preoperative undetermined or positive for malignancy cytology were excluded, as well as incidental thyroid cancer larger than 1 cm.

Results
Total thyroidectomy was performed in 1649 patients (92.7%) and hemithyroidectomy in 128 (7.2%). Papillary thyroid cancer, sized between 2–10 mm, was found in 89 patients (5%), which were all by definition microcarcinomas (mPTC). In 11 patients mPTCs were multifocal and in 7 bilateral. Just 6 patients received hemithyroidectomy and later underwent radical surgery without complications. No tumor-related morbidity or mortality was observed. The χ2 test showed a statistically significant association between mPTC and non-toxic multinodular goiter.

Discussion
In the literature, the rates of incidental mPTC vary, due to various factors such as histopathological examination and sampling numbers. Regarding surgical treatment, some authors support a “conservative” approach for the positive prognosis, but considering that it can be associated with mortality, lymph node recurrence and metastasis, its treatment is still controversial.

Conclusions
Our experience confirms that total thyroidectomy in multinodular goiter is a safe procedure, which ensures endocrine control and oncologic complete tumor resection, in case of mPTC. In uninodular goiter, we recommend hemithyroidectomy; if mPTC is discovered, we suggest radical surgery especially in patients older than 50 years and with familial disposition for thyroid cancer and peripheral tumors larger than 5 mm and aggressive variants.
Myoglobin for Detection of High-Risk Patients with Acute Myocarditis
Authors: Kottwitz Jan , Bruno Katelyn A. , Berg Jan , Salomon Gary R. , Fairweather DeLisa , Elhassan Mawahib , Baltensperger Nora , Kissel Christine K. , Lovrinovic Marina , Baltensweiler Andrea , Schmied Christian , Templin Christian , Lima Joao A.C. , Landmesser Ulf , Lüscher Thomas F. , Manka Robert , Heidecker Bettina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is an unmet need for accurate and practical screening to detect myocarditis. We sought to test the hypothesis that the extent of acute myocarditis, measured by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), can be estimated based on routine blood markers. A total of 44 patients were diagnosed with acute myocarditis and included in this study. There was strong correlation between myoglobin and LGE (rs = 0.73 [95% CI 0.51; 0.87], p < 0.001), while correlation was weak between LGE and TnT-hs (rs = 0.37 [95% CI 0.09; 0.61], p = 0.01). Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis determined myoglobin ≥ 87 μg/L as cutoff to identify myocarditis (92% sensitivity, 80% specificity). The data were reproduced in an established model of coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis in mice (n = 26). These data suggest that myoglobin is an accurate marker of acute myocarditis.
Attracting and Natural Invariant Varieties for Polynomial Vector Fields and Control Systems
Authors: Kruff Niclas , Schilli Christian , Walcher Sebastian , Zerz Eva 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe discuss real and complex polynomial vector fields and polynomially nonlinear, input-affine control systems, with a focus on invariant algebraic varieties. For a given real variety we consider the construction of polynomial ordinary differential equations $$\dot{x}=f(x)$$x˙=f(x) such that the variety is invariant and locally attracting, and show that such a construction is possible for any compact connected component of a smooth variety satisfying a weak additional condition. Moreover we introduce and study natural controlled invariant varieties (NCIV) with respect to a given input matrix g, i.e. varieties which are controlled invariant sets of $${\dot{x}}=f(x)+g(x)u$$x˙=f(x)+g(x)u for any choice of the drift vector f. We use basic tools from commutative algebra and algebraic geometry in order to characterize NCIV’s, and we present a constructive method to decide whether a variety is a NCIV with respect to an input matrix. The results and the algorithmic approach are illustrated by examples.
Potentials of activated carbon produced from biomass materials for sequestration of dyes, heavy metals, and crude oil components from aqueous environment
Authors: Ani J. U. , Akpomie K. G. , Okoro U. C. , Aneke L. E. , Onukwuli O. D. , Ujam O. T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCarbon adsorbents derived from biomass (agricultural and household residues) have been widely used in the sequestration of hazardous substances from the environment due to their distinctive qualities of large internal surface area, mechanical integrity, and regeneration. The need for carbon adsorbents for sequestration of dyes, heavy metals, and crude oil components has increased because of environmental concerns. This has led to studies of carbon adsorbents derived from agricultural and household biomass residues. These adsorbents have been used to remove pollutants. Although numerous reviews have been published before, analogy of results obtained using different adsorbents is hard due to dissimilarities in research data. Against this backdrop, the purpose of the research survey was to review the contemporary publications regarding the production of activated carbon from biomass sources highlighting specifically its utilization in removing toxic wastes from water solution such as oil spill, dyes, and sundry hazardous substances. Also the work focuses on the methods for the restoration of the spent adsorbents and their end use.
Far field wake vortex evolution of two aircraft formation flight and implications on young contrails
Authors: Unterstrasser S. , Stephan A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLarge-eddy simulations (LES) have been employed to investigate the far-field four-vortex wake vortex evolution over 10min behind an aircraft formation. In formation flight scenarios, the wake vortex behaviour was found to be much more complex, chaotic and also diverse than in the classical single aircraft case, depending very sensitively on the formation geometry, i.e. the lateral and vertical offset of the two involved aircraft. Even though the case-by-case variability of the wake vortex behaviour across the various formation flight scenarios is large, the final plume dimensions after vortex dissolution are in general substantially different from those of single aircraft scenarios. The plumes are around 170 to 250m deep and 400m to 680m broad, whereas a single A350/B777 aircraft would produce a 480m deep and 330m broad plume. Formation flight plumes are thus not as deep, yet they are broader, as the vortices do not only propagate vertically but also in span-wise direction. Two different LES models have been employed independently and show consistent results suggesting the robustness of the findings. Notably,$CO_{2}$emissions are only one contribution to the aviation climate impact among several others like contrails and emission of water vapour and nitrogen oxides, which would be all affected by the implementation of formation flight. Thus, we also highlight the differences in ice microphysical and geometrical properties of young formation flight contrails relative to the classical single aircraft case.
A Spatial and Temporal Investigation of Medical Surge in Dallas–Fort Worth During Hurricane Harvey, Texas 2017
Authors: Stephens William , Wilt Grete E. , Lehnert Erica Adams , Molinari NoelleAngelique M. , LeBlanc Tanya Telfair 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:When 2017 Hurricane Harvey struck the coastline of Texas on August 25, 2017, it resulted in 88 fatalities and more than US $125 billion in damage to infrastructure. The floods associated with the storm created a toxic mix of chemicals, sewage and other biohazards, and over 6 million cubic meters of garbage in Houston alone. The level of biohazard exposure and injuries from trauma among persons residing in affected areas was widespread and likely contributed to increases in emergency department (ED) visits in Houston and cities receiving hurricane evacuees. We investigated medical surge resulting from these evacuations in Dallas–Fort Worth (DFW) metroplex EDs.Methods:We used data sourced from the North Texas Syndromic Surveillance Region 2/3 in ESSENCE to investigate ED visit surge following the storm in DFW hospitals because this area received evacuees from the 60 counties with disaster declarations due to the storm. We used the interrupted time series (ITS) analysis to estimate the magnitude and duration of the ED surge. ITS was applied to all ED visits in DFW and visits made by patients residing in any of the 60 counties with disaster declarations due to the storm. The DFW metropolitan statistical area included 55 hospitals. Time series analyses examined data from March 1, 2017–January 6, 2018 with focus on the storm impact period, August 14–September 15, 2017. Data from before, during, and after the storm were visualized spatially and temporally to characterize magnitude, duration, and spatial variation of medical surge attributable to Hurricane Harvey.Results:During the study period overall, ED visits in the DFW area rose immediately by about 11% (95% CI: 9%, 13%), amounting to ~16 500 excess total visits before returning to the baseline on September 21, 2017. Visits by patients identified as residing in disaster declaration counties to DFW hospitals rose immediately by 127% (95% CI: 125%, 129%), amounting to 654 excess visits by September 29, 2017, when visits returned to the baseline. A spatial analysis revealed that evacuated patients were strongly clustered (Moran’s I = 0.35, P < 0.0001) among 5 of the counties with disaster declarations in the 11-day window during the storm surge.Conclusions:The observed increase in ED visits in DFW due to Hurricane Harvey and ensuing evacuation was significant. Anticipating medical surge following large-scale hurricanes is critical for community preparedness planning. Coordinated planning across stakeholders is necessary to safeguard the population and for a skillful response to medical surge needs. Plans that address hurricane response, in particular, should have contingencies for support beyond the expected disaster areas.
Chronological and geomorphological approach to the Holocene tephras from Tafí and Santa María valleys, NW Argentina
Authors: Sampietro-Vattuone María M. , Báez Walter A. , Peña-Monné José L. , Sola Alfonso 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA comprehensive morphostratigraphic and chronological study of the complete set of Holocene tephras from Tafí and Santa María valleys (northwestern Argentina), including analyses of compositional characteristics, is presented. Five ash tephras are recognized: V0 (El Rincón), V1a (Carreras 1a ash), V1b (Carreras 1b ash), V2a (Carreras 2 ash), and V2b (El Paso 3 ash). Two of them (V1b and V2b) are described for the first time in the study area. The new14C and accelerator mass spectrometry ages presented, along with the previously published information, allows for the establishment of a chronological framework. The V0 tephra was deposited in the Early Holocene (about 10,000 yr BP), V1a and V1b were deposited in the Middle Holocene (about 4200 and 3500 yr BP, respectively), and V2a and V2b were deposited in the Late Holocene (after about 800 yr BP). The mineralogical, textural, and geochemical characterizations of the five tephras suggest that their tephra provenance was mainly from the back-arc region. However, the determination of the exact source of each tephra requires more accurate high-resolution tephrochronological studies. At least five major eruptions affected the Tafí and Santa María valleys in the last 10,000 yr.
Household- and community-level determinants of low-risk Caesarean deliveries among women in India
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Dhillon Preeti 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCaesarean section delivery rates in India have doubled from 9% in 2005–06 to 17% in 2015–16, increasing the clinical and economic burden on the health care system. This study applied multilevel models to assess the role of household- and community-level factors in Caesarean section (CS) deliveries among low-risk women in India using data from Round 4 of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) conducted in 2015–16. The sample size was 59,318 low-risk women who had their last birth in an institution during the 5 years preceding the survey. These women were nested in 57,279 households, which were nested in 22,183 communities, which were further nested in 640 districts in India. Around 21% of the low-risk women and 24% of all women who had delivered in an institution had undergone CS. The CS rates among low-risk women were extremely high in private institutions (40%) and in southern India (43%). The explanatory variables age, education of women, household wealth and number of antenatal visits were significantly positively associated, while women’s parity was negatively associated, with CS delivery among low-risk women. The multilevel analysis suggested that the likelihood of a low-risk woman opting for CS was influenced by a similar decision of another woman from the same household (37%) and/or community (18%). Furthermore, women with low-risk pregnancies from higher educated communities were less likely (OR 0.92) to undergo CS. There is therefore a need for a community-level awareness programme on the risks and benefits of low-risk CS and vaginal delivery, particularly in the southern region of India.
Foreign Correspondents in the East Asian Cold War: The Sino-Japanese journalist exchange of 1964
Authors: WITS CASPER 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article examines the importance of the exchange of foreign correspondents between Japan and China from 1964, during a period of the Cold War when the two countries did not have official ties. Favourable political circumstances in the first half of the 1960s led to a brief window of opportunity for an improved relationship between China and Japan, during which this unique exchange took place. The article attempts to shed light on the significance of the exchange within the broader context of Chinese foreign policy and Sino-Japanese relations during the Cold War. Thereby it will clarify the importance of the 1960–1964 period for the longer rapprochement process that would come to fruition in 1972 with the establishment of diplomatic relations. The exchanges of 1964 were seen by participants as an important first step on the way towards official ties. For the Chinese the importance of a relationship with Japan in this period, and, by extension, the importance of the journalist exchange, is shown by the involvement of an unusually high number of journalists from both countries. This article argues that the Chinese leadership's desire for the journalist exchange was rooted in a craving for accurate knowledge about Japan, especially concerning specific political trends and economic developments. This enthusiasm was matched by pro-China politicians in Japan, who also felt that the journalists’ presence would enable the Chinese to base their Japan policy on a broader variety of sources, extending beyond information merely gathered through contacts in the Japanese left.
Religion, politics and an apocryphal admonition: the German East African “Mecca letter” of 1908 in historical-critical analysis
Authors: Haustein Jörg 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article analyses a Muslim missive, which was circulated in German East Africa in 1908. Erroneously dubbed the “Mecca letter”, it called believers to repentance and sparked a religious revival, which alarmed the German administration. Their primarily political interpretation of the letter was retained in subsequent scholarship, which has overlooked two important textual resources for a better understanding of the missive: the presence of similar letters elsewhere and the fourteen copies still available in the Tanzanian National Archive. Presenting the first text-critical edition of the letter, together with a historical introduction of the extant specimens and a textual comparison to similar missives elsewhere, the article argues that the East African “Mecca letter” of 1908 was nothing more than a local circulation of a global chain letter. As such, its rapid transmission was not connected to a single political agency, but was likely prompted by a large variety of motivations.
Developing a new hybrid soft computing technique in predicting ultimate pile bearing capacity using cone penetration test data
Authors: Harandizadeh Hooman 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis research intends to investigate a new hybrid artificial intelligence (AI) technique compared to some common CPT methods in estimating axial ultimate pile bearing capacity (UPBC) using cone penetration test (CPT) data in geotechnical engineering applications. A data series of 108 samples was collected in order to develop a new hybrid structure of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) network, and the group method of the data handling (GMDH) type neural network was optimized by applying the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm over the hybrid ANFIS-GMDH topology, which leads to a new hybrid AI model called as ANFIS-GMDH-PSO. The derived database provides information related to pile load tests,in situfield CPT data, and soil–pile information for introducing the proposed hybrid neural system. The cross-section of the pile toe, average cone tip resistance along embedded pile length, and sleeve frictional resistance along the shaft had been considered as input parameters for the proposed network. The results of this research indicated that the proposed ANFIS-GMDH-PSO model predicted the UPBC with an acceptable precision compared to various CPT methods, including Schmertmann, De Kuiter & Bringen, and LPC/LPCT methods. Moreover, ANFIS-GMDH-PSO network model performance was compared to CPT-based models in terms of statistical criteria in order to achieve a best fitted model. From the statistical results, it was found that the developed ANFIS-GMDH-PSO model has achieved a higher accuracy level in terms of statistical indices compared to CPT-based empirical methods, such as Schmertmann model, De Kuiter & Beringen model, and Bustamante & Gianeselli for predicting driven pile ultimate bearing capacity.
Dietary flavonoids and respiratory diseases: a population-based multi-case–control study in Italian adults
Authors: Mattioli Veronica , Zanolin Maria Elisabetta , Cazzoletti Lucia , Bono Roberto , Cerveri Isa , Ferrari Marcello , Pirina Pietro , Garcia-Larsen Vanessa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective:To analyse the associations between chronic respiratory diseases and intakes of total flavonoids and their major subclasses (flavanones, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, flavones, polymers and proanthocyanidins).Design:Multi-case–control study.Setting:The analysis was conducted in the frame of the Genes Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition FFQ was used to ascertain dietary intake. Multinomial regression models adjusting for age, sex, centre, BMI, smoking habit, alcohol intake, education, total energy intake, vitamin C intake and total fruit intake were used to examine the associations between dietary exposures and the relative risk ratio (RRR) of being a case.Participants:Individuals (n 990) hierarchically defined as follows: cases with asthma (current, n 159; past, n 78), chronic bronchitis (n 47), rhinitis (allergic rhinitis, n 167; non-allergic rhinitis, n 142) and controls (n 97).Results:An increase of 1 sd in flavanones was associated with a reduced risk of non-allergic rhinitis (adjusted RRR = 0·68, 95 % CI 0·47, 0·97); a similar result was found comparing the highest v. lowest quartile of flavanones intake (adjusted RRR = 0·24, 95 % CI 0·10, 0·59).Conclusions:Flavonoids contained in fruits and vegetables, especially flavanones, might reduce the risk of non-allergic rhinitis. No associations were found between other flavonoids and the considered outcomes.
Submeter Resolution Surface Rupture Topography From Legacy Aerial Photographs—A Test Case From the 1992 Landers Earthquake
Authors: Lajoie Lia J. , Nissen Edwin , Johnson Kendra L. , Lajoie Kenneth R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe 1992
7.3 Landers earthquake in the Mojave Desert (California) provided exceptional observations of surface faulting in a large, continental earthquake. The U. S. Geological Survey obtained nadir angle, overlapping aerial photographs at 1:6,000 scale for the entire
85 km rupture length. Recent advances in Structure from Motion photogrammetry allow for archival photographic data sets such as these to be reprocessed, generating digital topography that can be reanalyzed quantitatively in a way that was not previously possible. In this proof‐of‐concept study, we generated a georectified,
10 points/m
topographic point cloud over nearly the entire Landers rupture length and a higher‐resolution
40 points/m
point cloud over a smaller (
5 km) rupture segment along the Emerson fault. We estimated the accuracy and explore the utility of our point cloud in two tests. First, we observe close geometric agreement (average closest point distance 2.1 cm and standard deviation 14.0 cm) between our point cloud and a 2008 terrestrial lidar survey of the Galway Lake Road site on the Emerson fault. Second, we made 173 vertical offset measurements within a small, structurally complex pull‐apart basin, also on the Emerson fault, and find visual and statistical similarity with 21 local field measurements. These two tests demonstrate that point clouds generated from legacy aerial surveys and georeferenced using free Google Earth and National Elevation Dataset imagery are geometrically accurate and can be used to densify geomorphic offset measurements even along well‐studied surface ruptures. Applied to other historical events, such measurements could provide new insights into earthquake rupture processes.