bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Miraculous Benefits of Cow Urine: A Review
Authors: Mahajan Sonali P. , Chavan Sarin A. , Shinde Sushilkumar A. , Narkhede Mahesh B. 
Published: August 2020

Go-mutra therapy provides an especially rich and provocative research topic. The ancient scriptures of ayurveda consider cow urine to be the elixir of life. Cow urine is one of the five contents of Panchagavya which obtain from cow (urine, milk, ghee, curd and dung). Cow based treatment is called as Panchagavya Chikitsa (Cowpathy). Cow urine is a divine medicine and is used for treatment of diabetes, blood pressure, asthma, psoriasis, eczema, heart attack, blockage in arteries, fits, cancer, AIDS, piles, prostrate, arthritis, migraine, thyroid, ulcer, acidity, constipation, gynaecological problems, It also increase the nitrogen content of the soil, for better rearing of honey bees, hasten the pubertal age of the heifers exposed to bull’s urine and as pesticide and larvicide for the fodder crops. Cow urine contains all substances, which are naturally present in the human body. Thus, consumption of cow urine maintains the balance of these substances and this helps cure incurable diseases like cancer, AIDS, autoimmune disorders better benefits in case of antibiotic resistance infectious diseases.
Cow urine is excellent bioenhancer and recently Cow urine distillate has been granted U.S. patents. Further researches is required to prove its qualities and benefits.Various actions and researches on cow urine are summarized in this article.It is the most effective natural remedy and the safest method of treatment on nature based.
Keywords: Gomutra, Panchgavya, CUC, Vermicompost, Immunostimulant.
Remdesivir for COVID-19: A review of pharmacology, mechanism of action, in-vitro activity and clinical use based on available case studies
Authors: Badgujar Kirtikumar Chandulal , Ram Avadheshkumar H. , Zanznay Rahoul , Kadam Hemant , Badgujar Vivek C. 
Published: August 2020

Remdesivir as a drug attracted a very serious consideration of whole Globe in treatment of the pandemic disease COVID-19. More recently published in-vitro inhibition activity and in-vivo case studies were showing promising clinical results and outcome of effective inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 virus by the use of remdesivir. However at the same time, use of the remdesivir showed substantial detrimental adverse events in patients which needs a special attention during treatment course of COVID-19. Thus, the use of remdesivir in treatment of COVID-19 is having current international interest although some more clinical evidences are still necessary in order to understand the actual efficiency and mechanism of remdesivir against COVID-19. In view of this, the present literature study spotlight the current ongoing research related to use of remdesivir which includes (i) pharmacology of remdesivir, (ii) mechanism of action of remdesivir (iii) in-vitro inhibition of remdesivir against SARS-CoV-2 virus, (iv) in-vivo analysis and clinical use of remdesivir against COVID-19. Finally possible adverse events (of use of remdesivir) are also discussed considering the pharmacovigilance concern.
Keywords: Remdesivir; COVID-19; Remdesivir side effects, Remdesivir pharmacology; SARS-CoV-2 virus
Does BMI Really Alter the Hormonal Profile in Infertile Women? Retrospective Study in the Region of Sidi Bel Abbes (West Algeria)
Authors: KHALLOUA ZINE CHARAF , CHEBLI IMENE , MEZIANI SAMIRA , FERRAG DALILA , ITATAHINE AMINA , MAI HICHEM , BEKHADDA HADJER , BENALI AMINA IMENE , Bensaid I , Demmouche Abbassia , Belbraouet S. 
Published: August 2020

Background: In last few years .; it’s increasingly being recognized that Reproductive function is controlled by the hypothalamic–pituitary– gonadal axis, which is regulated by numerous endogenous and environmental factors such us adipose accumulation in obesity contributing to reproductive failure such as menstrual disorders and infertility, gestational failure and obstetric complications, and infertility , Distinct changes in circulating sex hormones appear to underline these abnormalities.
The objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate the possible correlation between body mass index as fatness indicator and hormonal profile in infertile women from the west of Algeria.
To identify the impact of overweight and obesity on female hormonal profile ; we conducted a prospective study measuring pituitary hormones (FSH and LH and prolactin ) , steroid sex hormones ( progesterone , testosterone and estradiol ) , anti miulleian hormone , and thyroidal hormones (FT3 , FT4 and TSH) in 360 women consulting for subfertility in private genecologycal and obstetrical centers in SID BELABESS (West of Algeria )
Result: Our study showed that the majority of patients were aged between 20 and 29 years, representing a percentage of 47.8%, with the average age in sample (31.65 ± 6,93ans). The majority of subjects was obese 46.4%, or overweight (39.4%) with an average BMI of (29.76 ± 4,85Kg / m2). No statistically significant association was found between the BMI as obesity indicator with hormonal levels of pituitary hormones (FSH and LH and prolactin ) , steroid sex hormones ( progesterone , testosterone and estradiol ) , anti miulleian hormone , and thyroidal hormones (FT3 , FT4 and TSH). A negative and statistically significant correlation between the age of the patients and the AMH level (R = -0.60, P <0.01) was noted.
Conclusion: The results of our study showed that the majority of women included in our study had a high BMI but no statistical significant difference was found between underweight , normal , overweight and obese women , that’s why more studies should be conducted to elucidate the in which level does obesity impair the reproductive outcomes.
Keywords: Female infertility, hormonal profile, BMI, SBA, Algeria.
Formulation and Cytotoxic Characterization of Trigonella foenum Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles
Authors: Bire Priyanka , TRIVEDI SAGAR SHASHIKANT , Durugkar Nandkishore , Umekar Milind 
Published: August 2020

The aim of present study was to formulate herbal Trigonella Foenum (TF) loaded nanoparticles using hydrophilic polymer at different concentration and optimizing the nanoparticle formulation. Herbal drug having high molecular size or poor water solubility, suffers from less assimilation and poor bio accessibility and hence loading of TF in nanoparticles improves the systematic drug delivery approaches. The formulation containing 3 % of polymer PVP showed optimum result with encapsulation efficiency of 77.73±0.28 and loading efficiency of 16.98±0.7. Simultaneously showing high stability with zeta potential of -23.7±0.98 mV and PDI of 215. The mean average particle size of nanoparticles was found to be 432.1 ± 16.01. FT-IR studies suggested compatibility of polymer and drug when observed with major peaks and functional groups. The in-vitro SRB cytotoxicity assay showed a maximum inhibition of cell viability of 71±2.3 % and IC 50 value of 100±10.2 ug/ml.
Keywords: Trigonella Foenum, poor bioavailability, polymeric nanoparticle , cytotoxicity assay
Continuous Auditing and Risk-Based Audit Planning—An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Eulerich Marc , Georgi Christine , Schmidt Alexander 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Due to rapidly changing risks in companies, a continuous alignment of internal audit activities with the relevant risks is required. Continuous auditing (CA) is one possible way to meet these requirements. Specifically, the internal audit function (IAF) could use CA as a methodology in order to add a continuous perspective to their risk assessment. This study examines factors associated with the use of CA information in the IAF's risk-based audit planning (RBAP). We use survey data from 264 chief audit executives to address our research question. We find several factors having a positive influence on the use of information from CA in RBAP. These factors include the importance of data analytics, the collaboration with the audit committee and external auditor, as well as the use of IAF's results for fraud prevention. Furthermore, our additional analysis presents various positive effects of CA on potential output measures of internal auditing.
JEL Classifications: G30; G32; G34; M42.
Use of cluster analysis to monitor novel coronavirus-19 infections in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Kumar Sanjay 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been continuously spreading in almost all the districts of the state Maharashtra in India. As a part of the healthcare management development, it is very important to monitor districts affected due to novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The main objective of this study was to identify and classify affected districts into real clusters on the basis of observations of similarities within a cluster and dissimilarities among different clusters so that government policies, decisions, medical facilities (ventilators, testing kits, masks, treatment etc.), etc. could be improved for reducing the number of infected and deceased persons and hence cured cased could be increased.

Material and Methods:
In the study, we focused on COVID-19 affected districts of the state Maharashtra of India. We applied agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis, one of data mining techniques to fulfill the objective. Elbow method was used for obtaining an optimum number of clusters for further analysis. The study of variations among various clusters for each of the variables was performed using box plots.

Results:
Results obtained from the Elbow method suggested three optimum numbers of clusters for each of the variables. For confirmed and cured cases, cluster I corresponded to the districts BI, GO, ND, PA, SI, WS, JN, CH, OS, HI, NB, JG, RT, LA, KO, AM, ST, BU, DH, AK, YTL, SN, AH, SO, AU, RG, NG, NS and PL. Cluster II corresponded to the districts TH and PU and cluster III corresponded to the district MC. For the death cases, cluster I corresponded to the districts BI, GO, ND, PA, SI, WS, JN, CH, OS, HI, NB, JG, RT, LA, KO, AM, ST, BU, DH, AK, YTL, SN, AH, SO, AU, RG, NG, NS, PL and TH. Cluster II corresponded to the district PU and cluster III corresponded to the district MC.

Conclusions:
The study showed that the district MC under cluster III was affected severely with COVID-19 which had high number of confirmed cases. A good percentage of cured cases were found in some of the districts under cluster I where six districts (GO, SI, CH, OS, SN) had 100% success rate to cure patients. It was observed that the districts TH, PU and MC under clusters II and III had severe conditions which need optimization of medical facilities and monitoring techniques like screening, closedown, curfews, lockdown, evacuations, legal actions, etc.
Analisis Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor 28/DSN-MUI/III/2002 tentang Jual Beli Mata Uang (AL-SHARF) terhadap Jasa Penukaran Uang
Authors: Avif Muhammad Shaleh , Hayatudin Amrullah , Adam Panji 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Exchange of money in muamalah fiqh is called Al-Sharf which is a sale and purchase agreement. This is as happened in Jalan Merdeka, Bandung City, a business that exchanges money that is rife before Idul Fitri. The Indonesian Ulema Council regulates the sale and purchase of currencies (Al-Sharf) in Fatwa Number 28 / DSN-MUI / III / 2002 concerning Currency Trading (Al-Sharf). In this case the authors formulate a problem with the aim of knowing the practice of money exchange services on Jalan Merdeka Bandung and also to find out the Fatwa Analysis of the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council No 28 / DSN-MUI / III / 2002 Concerning Currency Trading (Al-Sharf) Against Money Exchange Services on Jalan Merdeka Bandung.The method in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach. The object of this study is the primary data source in the form of interviews and secondary data sources in the form of books, journals and other literature. Data collection techniques in the form of observation and interviews.The National Sharia Council has kicked the need to establish a fatwa on Al-sharf to be used as a guideline in currency trading transactions. In practice, the exchange of Rp 100,000 can be exchanged with Rp. 2,000 denominations. Currency trading activities carried out on Jalan Merdeka Bandung are in conflict with the DSN-MUI Fatwa on point three, that is, if the value is different then the law is usury Abstrak.Tukar-menukar uang dalam fiqih muamalah dinamakan Al-Sharf yang merupakan akad jual beli uang. Hal ini sebagaimana terjadi di Jalan Merdeka Kota Bandung, bisnis penukaran uang yang marak terjadi menjelang Idul Fitri. Majelis Ulama Indonesia mengatur jual beli mata uang (Al-Sharf) dalam Fatwa Nomor 28/DSN-MUI/III/2002 Tentang Jual Beli Mata Uang (Al-Sharf). Dalam hal ini penulis merumuskan masalah dengan tujuan Untuk mengetahui Praktik Jasa Penukaran Uang di Jalan Merdeka Bandung dan juga untuk mengetahui Analisis Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia No 28/DSN-MUI/III/2002 Tentang Jual Beli Mata Uang (Al-Sharf) Terhadap Jasa Penukaran Uang di Jalan Merdeka Bandung.Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analisis. Objek penelitian ini adalah sumber data primer berupa wawancara dan sumber data sekunder berupa buku, jurnal dan literatur lainnya. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi dan wawancara.Dewan Syariah Nasional memendang perlu menetapkan fatwa tentang Al-sharf untuk dijadikan pedoman dalam transaksi jual beli mata uang. Pada praktinya penukaran uang Rp 100.000 dapat ditukar dengan pecahan Rp 2.000 sebanyak 45 lembar. Kegiatan jual beli mata uang yang dilakukan di Jalan Merdeka Bandung bertentangan dengan Fatwa DSN-MUI pada point tiga, yaitu jika nilainya berbeda maka hukumnya riba.
Analisis Hukum Islam dan Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik terhadap Jual Beli Data Supplier di Agen Fashion
Authors: Nasifah Nur'aeni , Sulistiani Siska Lis , Hidayat Yayat Rahmat 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Sale and purchase is transaction that often done by individual or group because there is a transfer of ownership between goods and assets. In practice, sale and purchase is not only done by face to face but also can be done online, as in the case of the sale and purchase of suppliers data at Agen Fashion. This study aims to find out how the transaction practice is and how Islamic law and ITE Law point of view are, whether it is accordance to the laws or not. This research uses qualitative method with normative juridical approach and literature study. The main sources in this study are secondary data that support this research, such as Alquran, Hadith, and the ITE Law. The interviews as data collection techniques are conducted as supplementary data. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis. The results of this study are the transaction is not accordance with the terms of sale and purchase in Islamic law because there is a lack of clarity (gharar) on the quality of the object and is not accordance as well as the clause no. 9 of the ITE Law because the seller did not explain the object completely.Keywords: Sale and Purchase, Islamic Law, ITE Law, GhararAbstrak. Jual beli merupakan bentuk transaksi yang sering dilakukan oleh tiap individu atau kelompok karena dalam jual beli terdapat perpindahan kepemilikan antara barang dan harta untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup. Pada praktiknya, jual beli tidak hanya dilakukan secara bertatap muka melainkan dapat dilakukan secara online, seperti halnya pada jual beli data supplier di Agen Fashion. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana praktik jual beli data supplier di Agen Fashion serta bagaimana hukum Islam dan Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik memandang praktik jual beli data supplier tersebut, apakah telah sesuai dengan hukum yang menjadi pisau analisis dalam penelitian ini atau belum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan studi kepustakaan. Sumber utama dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang mendukung penelitian ini, yaitu Alquran, Hadis, dan UU ITE. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara dilakukan sebagai data pelengkap. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu descriptive analysis. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah transaksi yang terjadi di Agen Fashion tidak sesuai dengan syarat jual beli dalam hukum Islam karena terdapat ketidakjelasan (gharar) pada kualitas objek transaksi, dan tidak sesuai dengan Pasal 9 dalam UU ITE karena pelaku usaha tidak menjelaskan secara lengkap terkait objek yang ditawarkan.Kata Kunci: Jual Beli, Hukum Islam, UU ITE, Gharar
DETECTING THE SURFACE WATER AREA IN CIRATA DAM UPSTREAM CITARUM USING A WATER INDEX FROM SENTINEL-2
Authors: Suwarsono Suwarsono , Yulianto Fajar , Fitriana Hana Listi , Nugroho Udhi Catur , Sukowati Kusumaning Ayu Dyah , Khomarudin Muhammad Rokhis 
Published: August 2020

This paper describes the detection of the surface water area in Cirata dam, upstream Citarum, using a water index derived from Sentinel-2. MSI Level 1C (MSIL1C) data from 16 November 2018 were extracted into a water index such as the NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) model of Gao (1996), McFeeters (1996), Roger and Kearney (2004), and Xu (2006). Water index were analyzed based on the presence of several objects (water, vegetation, soil, and built-up). The research resulted in the ability of each water index to separate water and non-water objects. The results conclude that the NDWI of McFeeters (1996) derived from Sentinel-2 MSI showed the best results in detecting the surface water area of the reservoir.
A luta dos(as) Guarani e Kaiowá em Mato Grosso do Sul por Kunã Aranduhá
Authors: Nichnig Cláudia Regina , Sampaio Paula Faustino 
Published: August 2020

Jaqueline Gonçalves Porto, Kunã Aranduhá na língua guarani, é uma jovem liderança Guarani e Kaiowá. À importância de ser uma liderança feminina combatente em tempos tão sisudos e violentos para os povos tradicionais do Brasil, soma-se o fato de Aranduhá se constituir uma das protagonistas e organizadoras da Grande Assembléia de Mulheres Indígenas Guarani Kaiowá, a Kunangue Aty Guassu, que acontece anualmente nas terras indígenas em Mato Grosso do Sul, acolhendo mulheres indígenas de diferentes tekohas para a discussão de agendas específicas das mulheres. Essa entrevista foi realizada em setembro de 2019, nas dependências da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, onde Jaqueline é uma liderança também entre os(as) estudantes indígenas. Ela formou-se recentemente em Ciências Sociais e iniciou recentemente o mestrado em Antropologia Social, na mesma instituição. Sobre as suas vivências, sua experiência de militância indígena e sobre os feminismos é que conversamos, principalmente buscando refletir de que forma a atuação de uma jovem liderança indígena e feminista provoca (ou não) mudanças na produção do conhecimento, nas práticas educacionais e nas relações entre estudantes indígenas e não indígenas. Buscando trazer provocações a partir dos estudos indígenas e da epistemologia feminista, faz críticas à ciência colonial androcêntrica. Nossa conversa explicitou a força e a vibração dessa militante Guarani Kaiowá, feminista e mãe, que tem muito o que nos ensinar com sua força e perseverança, principalmente com a humildade e o respeito que tem com seu povo, sobretudo em relação às mulheres de diferentes gerações. What do you want to do ?New mailCopy
Incertitude diagnostique et action politique : une association de parents face aux politiques de l’autisme, 1982–2017
Authors: Rivest Dannick , Prud’homme Julien 
Published: August 2020

La définition de catégories diagnostiques comme l’autisme ne fait pas toujours l’unanimité. Elle peut faire l’objet de luttes politiques entre divers acteurs, notamment les professionnel.le.s, les administrations publiques ou les associations de patients. On en sait toutefois peu sur la situation des associations de patients ou de parents dans ces « politiques du diagnostic ». Nous affirmons ici que ces associations sont plus sensibles aux politiques de la définition que l’historiographie actuelle ne le laisse paraître. En analysant le discours et les stratégies de la Société québécoise de l’autisme de 1982 à 2017, nous illustrons le rôle que cette association entendait jouer dans les politiques de l’autisme et nous démontrons que l’adoption par l’État de politiques axées sur le diagnostic a eu pour effet d’intensifier les débats définitionnels chez divers acteurs, y compris les parents.
A Comparison of Vocal Function between Females with Benign Vocal Fold Lesions and Females with Normal Voices by Use of Electroglottograph
Authors: Seepuaham Cholada , Jeeraumporn Jeamjai , Dechongkit Sumalee , Tiensuwan Montip 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To compare vocal function between females with benign vocal fold lesions, and females with normal voices by use of electroglottograph (EGG), also in addition to determining which EGG parameters were significantly correlated with the perceptual degree of dysphonia. Material and Methods: EGG data were obtained from 32 females with benign vocal fold lesions and 32 females with normal voices. The EGG parameter values were analyzed from their productions of four sustained vowels (/a:/, /u:/, /i:/, and /æ:/). Results: The two perturbation measures of EGG signals, EGG-jitter and EGG-shimmer of females with benign vocal fold lesions were significantly higher than those of normal females at a p-value<0.01 for all four vowels. EGG-SDF0 of females with benign vocal fold lesions were significantly higher than those of normal females at a p-value<0.01 for /i:/, and /æ:/. EGG-F0 of females with benign vocal fold lesions were significantly lower than those of normal females at a p-value<0.01 for /u:/, /i:/, and /æ:/. The differences in contact quotient were non-significant on all four sustained vowels between the two groups. In addition, EGG-SDF0 was found to be significantly correlated with the perceptual degree of dysphonia for four sustained vowels. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the differences between vocal function of females with benign vocal lesions and females with normal voices, using EGG parameters. Furthermore, EGG-SDF0 could be used as an indicator for the degree of severity of dysphonia in females with benign vocal fold lesions.