bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etiology and clinical profile in chronic cor pulmonale
Authors: Malipatil Abhishek , Dhulappanavar Chandrasekhar , Chaudhary Hareen , . Hemanth 
Published: December 2019

Background: Cor pulmonale is a synonym for pulmonary heart disease. The term “cor pulmonale” if broken into its constituents “cor” (heart) and “pulmo” (lungs), means cardiac involvement due to pulmonary diseases. Chronic cor pulmonale is not a single disease entity but resulting secondary to many bronchopulmonary vascular diseases and also from thoracic cage abnormalities. Cor pulmonale accounts for 5-10% of all heart diseases, 20-30% of all admissions for heart failure and 9.2% in the cardiac autopsies.Methods: This was a hospital-based study carried among patients diagnosed with chronic cor pulmonale admitted to the medical wards of Karnataka institute of medical sciences, Hubli. during December 2011- November 2012 using simple random sampling method.Results: The following observations were made in 50 representative cases the age group of patients was between 24 to 85 years. Chronic cor pulmonale was commonly seen in middle and elderly age groups. Incidence below 35 years is very less. Almost every patient of chronic cor pulmonale presented with breathlessness and cough. All patients in the study had Tachypnoea, Diminished chest movements, Prominent use of accessory muscles of respiration, Cyanosis, Clubbing (in some patients), Crepitations and rhonchi on chest auscultation, Loud P2 and pansystolic murmur in Tricuspid area on cardiac auscultation.Conclusions: The peak incidence of chronic cor pulmonale was found to be in the middle and older age groups with high incidence during winter season. Smoking and dusty environment at the site of occupation were aggravating the primary lung disease. Breathlessness, cough and edema of the feet were the most common symptoms.
Functional outcome of modified technique of intramedullary fixation of diaphyseal humeral fractures
Authors: Sharma Mohit , Golhar Anil , Mankar Sushil , Krishna Rishav 
Published: December 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional outcomes with intramedullary fixation using flexible nails and to follow up for any other complications.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Study was a prospective study in Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Nagpur during 2014 to 2016. All the patients enrolled in the study were briefed about the nature of the study. All cases in this series were operated by combined antegrade and retrograde approach.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Total of 30 patients of closed diaphyseal humeral fractures was studied. Maximum i.e., 16 (53.33%) were in the age range of 21-40 years, followed by 10 (33.33%) patients in the range of 41-60 years. 21 (70%) cases had fracture union between 10-16 weeks with a score<strong> </strong>of 8 points, followed by 8 (26.67%) patients with fracture union duration<strong> </strong>of less than 10 weeks with a score of 10 points. Only one of the patients landed up with non-union. The mean functional score of patients at 3rd month was 64.03±4.99, 9th month was 73.46±2.56. 86.66% patients had good to fair outcome, 3.33% patient each had excellent and poor outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Comparing results of our study with other studies, we found that our results are almost comparable but not better than open reduction and plating. Complications encountered in our series are comparatively less compared to those encountered during interlock nailing. The trauma to rotator cuff is minimum and this method is good alternative method. Thus, multiple nailing gives better functional outcomes as compared to locked nail. </p>
Retrospective analysis of unstable thoracolumbar fractures treated by postural reduction and posterior short segment pedicle fixation
Authors: Kalia Sandeep , Singh Jasbir , Parashar Aakash , Verma Amit , Sharma Shalini 
Published: December 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> For unstable dorslolumbar injuries, the controversy in choosing between long versus short segment posterior fixation continues.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 29 patients (13 males, 16 females) with single level unstable thoracolumbar fracture operated by short segment posterior pedicle screw fixation were evaluated retrospectively in terms of kyphosis correction achieved in immediate post-operative period, loss of kyhposis correction at final follow up and clinical outcome on Denis pain scale and any failure of fixation. Average follow up period was 22.07 months (14-40 months).<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Average age of patient was 35.7 years (15-50 years). Mode of injury was fall from height in 27 patients and road traffic accident in 2 patients. 12 fractures were at L1, 9 at D12, 6 at L2 and 2 at L3. Neurologically 11 had paraparesis, 4 complete paraplegia and 14 were without any deficit. Pre-operative kyphotic angle was 23.023±11.14 (8-50 degrees) which improved to 7.03±4.69 (0-18) post operatively. Kyphosis at final follow up was 11.759±5.901 (2-25). Loss of kyphosis correction at final follow up was 4.79±2.042 (2-10 degrees). Load sharing classification score (LSC) was 6.89±1.345 (4-9). Denis pain scale at final follow up was p1 in 11 patients, p2 in 15 patients and p3 in 3 patients. There was no case of implant failure and only one case had kyphosis correction loss of 10 degrees.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Short segment fixation provides stable fixation with good results and there is no correlation between LSC and fixation failure.</p>
A case report on the effect of Cissus quadrangularis on fracture union in 26 years aged man
Authors: L. Naveen Kumar , Joshi Dharitri 
Published: December 2019

<p class="abstract">Ayurveda the ancient science of medicine describes various herb preparations that achieve the hastening of bone healing<em>. Cissus quadrangularis Linn</em>. is an indigenous medicinal plant which belongs to a family of Vitaceae. A case study was undertaken to evaluate the fracture union and effectiveness in reduction of pain and swelling in a 26 year old male with Bennett’s fracture. A quick union of fracture was observed within 6 weeks of treatment with <em>C. quadrangularis</em>. Post treatment radiographic reports showed united fracture with good amount of callus.</p>
CULTURAL EDUCATION OF SCHOOL STUDENTS: A NEW PROJECT
Authors: F. Komandyshko Elena 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of the study: The author addresses the problem of cultural education, the search for the most effective forms and conditions for the implementation of study programs and new elective study courses.
Methodology: The author highlights the following principles, on which the teacher should rely on the educational process: conceptual, civilizational, cultural and historical, religious, ethnic and national, regional and territorial, artistic and aesthetic.
Main Findings: The content of the article is built on the disclosure of cultural education from the standpoint of a wide range of research by scientists and teachers, as well as the requirements for the results of mastering the basic educational program of general education. As an example, the author highlights the integral structure of the general culture of the individual, in which she (conditionally) identifies important components. The article reveals the essential characteristics of the basic principles of pedagogical organization of conditions for the realization of cultural education.
Applications of this study: The article shows that the introduction of a new elective course "Cultural and educational tourism" contributes to the expansion of students' artistic needs and interests.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The author reveals the importance of the interdisciplinary nature of training, as well as the application of the excursion method of knowledge, which helps to attract various information sources that reveal historical, geographical and cultural resources, as well as artistic attractions.
GENDER STEREOTYPES OF CHINESE LINGUOCULTURE
Authors: Daulet Fatimabibi , Gulnaz Zhunisbek , Orazakynkyzy Farida , Dauletova Gaukhar , Saule Anuar , Toikina Gulvira 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of the study: The article discusses the national-cultural characteristics of the Chinese gender culture and methods of its implementation in linguistic units: words, phraseological units, euphemisms, proverbs, and sayings. This research also examines the nominative system of the Chinese language, the lexicon, as well as what ratings are attributed to men and women and in what semantic areas they are most clearly expressed.
Methodology: In order to describe the internal form of gender vocabulary, the authors used the following methods common for studies: description, semantic definition, classification, and linguistic interpretation, and the statistical method (quantitative calculations). The etymological approach used to identify primary sources of gender vocabulary.
Main Findings: A study of linguistic facts shows that the gender stereotypes of Chinese culture possess not only general cultural, but also general linguistic properties, which are fixed by different kinds of language units. Gender stereotypes in modern Chinese are objectified by an extensive and well-structured lexical and phraseological field, proverbs and sayings, case-texts (discourse) and other language units, which indicates its communicative relevance to Chinese linguistic consciousness.
Applications/Implications of the study: The results of the study can be used in the further researches of gender stereotypes and its linguistic objectification in both related and genetically distant languages, in various types of discourse. The results of the work can also be used in the teaching of Chinese, as well as in courses on the theory and practice of translation, regional studies. The authors believe that the results of the study will help to better understand the native Chinese speakers, which can help increase the effectiveness of intercultural communication.
Novelty/Originality of the study: In this article, the author first showed that gender stereotypes in modern Chinese are objectified by an extensive and well-structured lexico-phraseological field, proverbs and sayings, and other linguistic units, which testifies to its communicative relevance to Chinese linguistic consciousness. It is one of the first studies analyzed the language objectification of the gender code of Chinese culture.
USE OF GAMING TECHNOLOGY IN THE STUDY OF CHEMISTRY
Authors: Dgamaletdinovich Yambyshev Farid , Lenarovna Derbisheva Dilyara , Vladimorovna Halaman Adelina 
Published: December 2019

Purposes: In article influence of a game method of training on the formation of interest at seniors in profound studying of a subject of chemistry is considered. Game technologies in teaching are used for a long time, but their importance inactivation of cognitive activity of students does not lose relevance. By means of a didactic game, it is possible to realize with success everything the leading functions of training: educational, bringing up and developing.
Methodology: Authors describe the scenario of a lesson game of chemistry on the subject "Hydrocarbons" for students of the 10th classes, do the analysis of results of the performance of tasks at all stages of a game and give criteria of estimates.
Results: Following the results of the questioning which is carried out among school students the conclusion is drawn that thanks to a game method at a lesson, it was succeeded to increase interest in a subject, the level of digestion of material, to make active orientation on the acquisition of knowledge and motivation of success. During the game, the creative atmosphere reigns in a class thanks to what such lessons promote the maximum realization of abilities of each pupil and develop skills of group interaction. Didactic games can be used at all stages of the process of training: when studying a new subject, fixing of the gained knowledge, at the control of results.
Implications/Applications: Implementing new methods in the study can aid the audience to be prospered. Game theory can be the practical inefficient study of chemistry.
Novelty/Originality: The research of the influence of didactic games on the formation of informative activity of students was conducted in the form of the quest with the subject devoted 190-year since the birth of A.M. Butlerov.
Crohn’s disease with isolated gastric involvement as an example of a rare disease phenotype: a clinical case
Authors: Avalueva E. B. , Bakulin I. G. , Sitkin S. I. , Vorobyev S. L. , Belyakov I. A. , Trushnikova N. A. , Karpeeva Yu. S. 
Published: December 2019

Crohn's disease (CD), along with ulcerative colitis, is one of the predominant nosological forms of inflammatory bowel diseases. In CD, any part of the gastrointestinal tract can be affected; however, the process is commonly associated with terminal ileum or colon involvement. CD cases with isolated or mixed involvement of upper gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, and duodenum) are rare and least studied types of the disease. In isolated stomach involvement, the complaints are non-specific and include epigastric pain, gastric dyspepsia, early satiety, decreased appetite, and nausea. Isolated CD of upper gastrointestinal tract can be diagnosed after comprehensive work-up and always requires a high diagnostic level, including clinical, endoscopic and morphological one. We present a clinical case of CD with isolated stomach involvement in a 62-year-old woman. The diagnosis was confirmed by the histopathological findings of an epithelioid cell granuloma in the gastric antrum. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids reduced the disease clinical activity and improved the histological characteristics of the gastric biopsy sampled obtained by endoscopy. In this clinical case, there were specific macroscopic gastric lesions found at endoscopy in CD patients with upper gastrointestinal tract involvement, which is characterized by thickened longitudinal folding and linear grooves. This type of lesion has been described in the literature as “bamboo joint-like appearance”.Conclusion: Comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, endoscopic and histopathological specific features is crucial for the timely diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
An Integrative Review of Methods of Measurement of Polypharmacy
Authors: Pariseault Christine A. 
Published: December 2019

Background and PurposeThe purpose of this integrative review is to synthesize research on the measurement of polypharmacy.MethodsA comprehensive search of the literature databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PubMed was conducted using a combination of terms/keywords to search existing studies to explore measures used to address polypharmacy.ResultsSeveral methods of measuring the existence of polypharmacy have been used in research. In addition to screening tools, the number of medications taken was used as an indicator of polypharmacy.ConclusionsMultiple methods of the measurement of polypharmacy have been used throughout the literature. Most methods related to the intended study objectives and population. The most frequently reported measure of screening was the Beers Criteria.
ASPECTOS HISTÓRICOS E ECONÔMICOS DA EDUCAÇÃO JURIDICAMENTE ENTENDIDA COMO SERVIÇO PÚBLICO NÃO PRIVATIVO DO ESTADO
Authors: Ribeiro Vivian , Ribeiro Milton 
Published: December 2019

<p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0.35cm; line-height: 150%;" align="justify">O presente artigo observa que as discussões a respeito do direito à educação vem se travando ao longo dos anos. Assim, pretende-se trazer abordagem histórica a respeito da evolução do acesso à educação no Brasil, observando o tratamento político concedido e os aspectos econômicos e sociais correspondentes. Em seguida, debruça-se a respeito da classificação jurídica atribuída à educação como serviço público não privativo e as consequências econômicas vivenciadas pelo mercado educacional e, por óbvio, refletidas na sociedade. Analisando dados provenientes do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, reflete-se a respeito do mercado da educação superior privada brasileira e a efetividade das funções sociais desse serviço público quando particularmente prestado. </p>
OS DESAFIOS DO DIREITO EM NORMATIZAR E “NORMALIZAR” AS NARRATIVAS AFETIVAS E AMOROSAS
Authors: Lucas Doglas Cesar , Santos André Leonardo Copetti 
Published: December 2019

<p>O objetivo do presente artigo é fazer um breve itinerário conceitual do amor e de como ele delineou as relações familiares e suas narrativas. Percebe-se, inicialmente, que as famílias tradicionais se organizavam em torno da figura paterna e exclusivamente mediante o casamento, não importando os laços amorosos entre seus membros para a unidade familiar. Atualmente as relações familiares estão menos sólidas, menos arraigadas, mais complacentes, democráticas, igualitárias e plurais, baseadas no amor e nos laços de afetividade entre seus membros. Em decorrência de tais transformações, novos saberes e práticas passaram o constituir o campo de estudo das ciências sociais e humanas, interessando para o presente trabalho notadamente o direito. O enfrentamento dessas categorias se deu exclusivamente por meio de revisão bibliográfica e valendo-se de postura teórica interdisciplinar e metodologicamente dialética.</p>
The effect of granisetron, ondansetron, and pethidine in preventing postoperative shivering: controlled clinical trial
Authors: Entezariasl Masood , Zandian Hamed , Isazadehfar Khatereh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: recently, use of HT35 receptor antagonists to prevent postoperative shivering has attracted a great deal of attention. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of granisetron as an HT35 antagonist when compared with ondansetron and pethidine in preventing postoperative shivering. Methods: in this triple blind random clinical trial study, 90 patients 18-50 years of age with ASA Class I and II undergoing general anesthesia were randomly assigned into one of the three drug groups: O (4-mg ondansetron), G (40 μg/kg of granisetron), and P (25 mg pethidine), immediately before induction of anesthesia. After anesthesia induction, at the end of the surgery, after the entrance and after leaving the recovery state, central temperature, peripheral temperature, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and shivering were measured and recorded. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: in the pethidine, ondansetron, and granisetron groups, 4 (13.3%), 3 (10%), and 10 (33.3%) of patients experienced shivering during recovery, where the difference between the ondansetron and granisetron groups was significant (p-value=0.02). The variations in the mean arterial pressure during the investigation stages were not significant only in the ondansetron group (p>0.05). At the beginning of recovery, the reduction of peripheral temperature was significantly lower in the ondansetron group (p<0.05), while reduction of the central temperature was higher in the granisetron group (p<0.05). By the end of the recovery, the changes in the peripheral temperature across the three groups were consistent with the changes at the beginning of recovery, but no significant difference was observed variations of the central temperature across the three groups. Conclusion: Granisetron was not found to be much effective in preventing postoperative shivering. Ondansetron and pethidine were equally effective in preventing postoperative shivering. Ondansetron also causes less hemodynamic changes compared to other drugs, while granisetron is more effective in terms of preventing nausea and vomiting
Carbon Status and Regression Model for Tree Carbon by Crown Cover for Sal Forest of Nepal
Authors: Paudel Prashant , Kalakheti Rupesh , Maraseni Tek 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Volume, biomass and carbon of forest ecosystem are generally estimated using lookup tables or allometric equations known as models. These general equation-based models are usually exclusively based on dimensional measurement such as diameter at breast height (DBH) and/or height, which sometimes makes it difficult to judge applicability of equation to given forest condition or types. It is therefore important to estimate carbon stock and develop models to predict biomass or carbon stock with stratification by categorical variables like crown cover, slope, forest types, etc. Stratification of forest by remote sensing approach while designing forest inventory not only improves the reliability of the estimation but also reduces the cost of measurement. Taking crown coverage (<25%, 25-50%, 50-75% and >75%) as a categorical variable, this study assessed the status of carbon stock and develop a regression model to predict carbon stock for each canopy class of Sal (Shorea robusta) forest in Nepal. DBH and height were measured for trees with more than 7 cm DBH in 82 sample plots (18, 22, 22 and 20 for <25%, 25-50%, 50-75% and >75% respectively). On average 297 stands per hectare were recorded with 94.80 m 3 /ha growing stock. Carbon stock was highest for >75% crown cover class (89.83 ton C/ha) and lowest for <25% crown cover class (27.47 ton C/ha) with average 60.41 ton C/ha, where per tree carbon stock was lowest in crown cover class 25-50% (0.16 ton C/tree). TukeyHSD shows that four pairs of crown cover classes have significant difference in carbon stock at 95% confidence interval. Regression model with natural logarithm of DBH 2 and total tree height was best fitted for estimation of carbon stock per tree in different crown cover class with adjusted R 2 >0.99 and residuals were normally distributed. Adjustment of model (natural logarithm of DBH 2 and height) with high accuracy (R 2 >0.99) shows the importance of stratification especially by crown cover for accurate estimation of carbon stock for optimization of carbon benefits.