bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pro‐inflammatory effects of extracellular Hsp70 on NCI‐H292 human bronchial epithelial cell line
Authors: Hulina‐Tomašković Andrea , Grdić Rajković Marija , Jelić Dubravko , Bosnar Martina , Sladoljev Lucija , Žanić Grubišić Tihana , Rumora Lada 
Published: December 2019

SummaryExtracellular Hsp70 (eHsp70) exerts its biological actions via Toll‐like receptors 2 and 4, and is increased in sera of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The aim of this study was to explore the pro‐inflammatory effects and cytotoxicity of eHsp70 alone and in combination with bacterial components lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on NCI‐H292 airway epithelial cells. NCI‐H292 cells were treated with recombinant human Hsp70 protein (rhHsp70), LPS, LTA and their combinations for 4, 12, 24 and 48 hours. IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF‐α levels were measured by an ELISA method. Cell viability was determined by the MTS method, and caspase‐3/7, caspase‐8 and caspase‐9 assays. rhHsp70 induced secretion of IL‐6 and IL‐8 in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner, with the highest secretion at 24 hours. rhHsp70 combined with LTA had antagonistic and with LPS synergistic effect on IL‐6 secretion, while the interactions between rhHsp70 and LPS or LTA on IL‐8 were synergistic. TNF‐α was not detected in the applied conditions. rhHsp70, LPS or LTA did not affect cell viability, and rhHsp70 even suppressed caspase‐3/7 activities. We suggest that pro‐inflammatory effects of eHsp70, together with other damaging molecules and/or COPD risk factors, might contribute to the aggravation of chronic inflammation in human bronchial epithelium.
What are the atrioventricular delays in right ventricular apical and septal pacing for optimal hemodynamics in patients with normal left ventricular function?
Authors: Shenthar Jayaprakash , George Jacob , Banavalikar Bharatraj , Padmanabhan Deepak , Prabhu Mukund A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere is a surge of interest in alternate site pacing to prevent pacing‐induced left ventricular dysfunction. However, little is known regarding the appropriate atrioventricular (AV) delay between right ventricular (RV) septal and RV apical pacing for optimal hemodynamic benefit.ObjectivesTo determine the programmed values of atrial sensed and atrial paced AV delays in basal RV septal and apical RV pacing that results in the maximum delivered stroke volume (SV).MethodsWe calculated the Doppler‐derived SV at various sensed and paced AV delays in 50 patients with complete AV block implanted with a dual‐chamber pacemaker (group A: 25 RV apical pacing; group B: 25 RV septal pacing). The hemodynamic difference in terms of the SV between sensed and paced AV delay, corresponding to the site of RV pacing was then compared for statistical significance.ResultsIn group A, maximal SV was derived at a sensed AV delay of 123.2 ± 11 ms and paced AV delay of 129.2 ± 10 ms, and in group B, at a sensed AV delay of 123.6 ± 8 ms and paced AV delay of and 132.8 ± 7 ms. At these intervals, there was no difference in the SV between septal and apical RV pacing (P = .28 and .22, respectively).ConclusionThe atrial sensed and atrial paced AV delays for septal and apical RV pacing for optimal hemodynamics are similar. For optimal hemodynamics, the atrial paced AV delay is longer than the atrial sensed AV delay.
Ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation: Challenges and solutions
Authors: Terricabras Maria , Piccini Jonathan P. , Verma Atul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCatheter ablation is commonly used for treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is still the cornerstone for the procedure, however, outcomes are consistently lower compared to paroxysmal AF. It is hypothesized that it could be due to lack of durable lesions or the presence of non‐PV targets that remain after PVI. Numerous advances in ablation catheter technologies and mapping systems may potentially achieve lower recurrence rates in the future. Ongoing research is required to discover the best technique for persistent AF ablation. The purpose of this review is to describe the new, developing technologies that may improve the outcome of this procedure in the persistent AF population.
Myocardial deformation as a predictor of right ventricular pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy in the pediatric population
Authors: Dasgupta Soham , Madani Rohit , Figueroa Janet , Cox David , Ferguson Eric , Border William , Sachdeva Ritu , Fischbach Peter , Whitehill Robert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionRight ventricular pacing is associated with pacemaker induced cardiomyopathy and lesser degrees of pacing‐induced LV dysfunction (PIVD) manifested by a reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Our objective was to determine whether apical 4 chamber strain (A4C) by echocardiography can identify patients at risk of PIVD before LVEF declines.Methods and ResultsA retrospective chart review of patients (0‐21 years) who had a pacemaker with a ventricular lead placed between 2011 and 2017 was performed. Patients were divided into group A (LVEF <55% and/or >10% decline in LVEF within 12 months of pacemaker placement) and group B. Data have collected before and 1 and 12 months postpacemaker implantation. There were 30 patients in the group A and 60 in group B. At 1 and 12 months postpacemaker implantation, the LVEF was significantly lower while the A4C and QRS duration on electrocardiogram were significantly higher in the group A. While the LVEF and A4C became markedly abnormal in group A as early as 1 month, the A4C did not seem to demonstrate such marked abnormalities in group B. However, a sub‐analysis of patients in the group A with preserved LVEF at 1 month demonstrated significant worsening in their A4C at that time.ConclusionMyocardial deformation imaging may be a clinically useful tool for the prediction of a decline in LV systolic function following pacemaker implantation. Abnormalities in A4C seem to appear before LVEF decline and as soon as 1‐month postpacemaker implantation.
Optimization of the hot balloon ablation strategy using real‐time pulmonary vein potential monitoring
Authors: Chikata Akio , Kato Takeshi , Usuda Kazuo , Fujita Shuhei , Takaoka Motoki , Tsuda Toyonobu , Hayashi Kenshi , Furusho Hiroshi , Takamura Masayuki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionOptimal radiofrequency‐generated thermal energy applications have not been established for hot balloon ablation (HBA) systems. We investigated the feasibility of real‐time monitoring of pulmonary vein (PV) potentials and optimal time‐to‐isolation (TTI)‐guided application strategies in HBAs.Methods and ResultsReal‐time monitoring of PV potentials was performed using a four‐electrode unidirectional catheter in 34 consecutive patients. Acute isolation was achieved when PV potentials disappeared during HBAs and were undetected by high‐resolution mapping. The TTI, the difference between TTI and the time to reach target temperature (TTRT), and ablation time after isolation were examined for 177 applications in 136 PVs. Real‐time monitoring of PV activity was obtained in 167 out of 177 applications (94.3%) and acute isolation was achieved in 97 out of 177 (54.8%) applications. TTI‐TTRT was significantly shorter, and ablation times after isolation were significantly longer in the acute isolation group than in the other groups. TTI‐TTRT <4.5 seconds and TTIs <33.5 seconds predicted acute isolation (sensitivity 74.2%, specificity 88.4%; sensitivity 76.3%, specificity 76.7%, respectively). Ablation time after isolation >148.5 seconds (sensitivity 93.6%, specificity 51.7%) and >120.5 seconds (sensitivity 84.0%, specificity 78.6%) predicted acute isolation in superior PVs and inferior PVs, respectively.ConclusionsReal‐time assessment of PV isolation can be achieved during HBAs with single‐shot techniques. (TTI‐TTRT)s <4.5 seconds and TTIs <33.5 seconds predicted for acute isolation. Ablation time after isolation >148.5 seconds in superior PVs and >120.5 seconds in inferior PVs were effective application durations.
Adjunctive percutaneous ablation targeting epicardial arrhythmogenic structures in patients of atrial fibrillation with recurrence after multiple procedures
Authors: Yu Lu , Liu Qiang , Jiang Ru‐Hong , Zhang Pei , Sun Ya‐Xun , Sheng Xia , Chen Shi‐Quan , Zhang Zu‐Wen , Fu Guo‐Sheng , Jiang Chen‐Yang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionRepeat ablation strategy for atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after multiple ablation procedures is known to be challenging. This study evaluated the insights of adjunctive ablation for epicardial arrhythmogenic substrates in those patients via a percutaneous epicardial approach.Methods and ResultsThirty‐five consecutive patients with AF/atrial tachycardia (AT) recurrence, who had two or more prior ablation procedures, were enrolled from September 2016 to December 2018. In addition to a standard endocardial approach, epicardial mapping and ablation were performed via a percutaneous subxiphoid access in the electrophysiology lab. Adjunctive epicardial ablations for left lateral ridge (LLR) were performed in 31 of 35 patients (88.6%) for efficient transmural lesions with pacing capture loss. Marshall Bundle (MB) potentials were documented on epicardial LLR in three patients and abolished by direct epicardial ablation. Bachmann's bundle (BB) was ablated as an epicardial conduction gap in four patients with a refractory anterior wall line. Two epicardial AT/AF triggers were detected followed by successful termination with epicardial ablation. No periprocedural complications occurred. About 23 of 35 patients (65.7%) remained free from AF/AT after 23.2 ± 9 months of the procedure.ConclusionsPatients with multiple failed prior AF procedures refractory to antiarrhythmic therapy might warrant a percutaneous epicardial mapping and ablation strategy, with adjunctive therapy for targeting LLR/MB, BB, and underlying epicardial triggers in addition to a standard endocardial approach.
Collective Identity as a Legal Limit to European Integration in Areas of Core State Powers*
Authors: Garben Sacha 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo what extent does collective identity, as expressed by national constitutions, provide a legal limit to (creeping) European integration in areas of core state powers? This article contrasts the approaches by the EU and national legal orders. While EU law does not allow any area to be a priori carved out of its scope of application, certain national courts consider they can disapply EU law where it too deeply affects areas that are considered core to the state, in order to guarantee sufficient space for national self‐determination so as to sustain national collective identity. Article 4(2) TEU, although touted as a platform to mediate constitutional conflict about the limits of EU powers, has made little difference in this respect. At the same time, the discord should not be overstated: national actors that credibly invoke legitimate interests within the framework of EU law will often find these recognized by the CJEU.
The roles of endomembrane trafficking in plant abiotic stress responses
Authors: Wang Xiangfeng , Xu Min , Gao Caiji , Zeng Yonglun , Cui Yong , Shen Wenjin , Jiang Liwen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEndomembrane trafficking is a fundamental cellular process in all eukaryotic cells and its regulatory mechanisms have been extensively studied. In plants, the endomembrane trafficking system needs to be constantly adjusted to adapt to the ever‐changing environment. Evidence has accumulated supporting the idea that endomembrane trafficking is tightly linked to stress signaling pathways to meet the demands of rapid changes in cellular processes and to ensure the correct delivery of stress‐related cargo molecules. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the functional roles of both secretory trafficking and endocytic trafficking in different types of abiotic stresses. We also highlight and discuss the unique properties of specific regulatory molecules beyond their conventional functions in endosomal trafficking during plant growth under stress conditions.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha mediates orofacial discomfort in an occlusal dental interference model in rats: The role of trigeminal ganglion inflammation
Authors: Silva Paulo Goberlânio de Barros , de Lima Martins Joyce Ohana , de Lima Praxedes Neto Raimundo Antonio , Mota Lemos José Vitor , Machado Larissa Carvalho , Matos Carlos Anna Clara Aragão , Alves Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes , Lima Ramille Araújo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the early stages of inflammation. In this study, we investigated its role in orofacial discomfort in rats subjected to occlusal dental interference (ODI).MethodsFemale Wistar rats (180‐200 g) were divided in three groups (n = 30/group): sham group, without ODI, and two experimental groups with ODI pre‐treated with 0.1 mL/kg saline (ODI + SAL) or 5 mg/kg infliximab (ODI + INF) and treated every 3 days. The animals were euthanized after 1, 3, and 7 days. The number of bites and scratches and grimace scale scores were determined daily, and the bilateral trigeminal ganglion was histomorphometrically (neuronal body area) analyzed and submitted for immunohistochemistry for TNF‐α, nitric oxide synthesis (NOS) neuronal (nNOS) and inducible (iNOS), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPAR) y (PPARy) and δ/β (PPARδ/β), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). One‐way/two‐way ANOVA/Bonferroni tests were used (P < .05, GraphPad Prism 5.0).ResultsODI + SAL showed a large number of bites (P = .002), scratches (P = .002), and grimace scores (P < .001) in the firsts days, and ODI + INF partially reduced these parameters. The contralateral and ipsilateral neuronal body area was significantly reduced on day 1 in ODI + SAL, but returned to the basal size on days 3 and 7, by increase in TNF‐α, nNOS, PPARy, PPARδ/β, and GFAP immunostaining. The infliximab treatment attenuated these alterations (P < .05). There was no iNOS immunostaining.ConclusionOcclusal dental interference induced transitory orofacial discomfort by trigeminal inflammatory mediator overexpression, and TNF‐α blockage attenuated these processes.
Are Eating Habits Associated with Adequate Sleep among High School Students?
Authors: Bhurosy Trishnee , Thiagarajah Krisha 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSleep deprivation adversely impacts cognitive performance. A nutritious diet is one strategy that can prevent sleep deprivation and its adverse effects. However, few data exist regarding the influence of diet on sleep duration among adolescents. Hence, it is important to assess whether dietary habits are linked to adequate sleep among adolescents.METHODSThe 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Survey data were used in the analysis. Nationally representative samples of adolescents were obtained using a 3‐stage cluster design. Selected survey items included number of hours slept on a school night, fruit and vegetable intake, soda and milk intake, breakfast consumption, and demographic variables. Data were analyzed with SAS 9.4 using a logistic regression model.RESULTSHolding other variables constant, an increase in total daily consumption of vegetables, milk, and breakfast increased the odds of sleeping ≥8 hours among participants (p < .01). An increase in daily soda intake decreased the odds of sleeping ≥8 hours among participants (p < .01). Separate logistic models for males and females yielded similar findings (p < .01).CONCLUSIONSPromoting healthy eating habits such as intake of vegetables, milk, and breakfast consumption among adolescents may increase their likelihood of getting adequate sleep.
Do High School Students Participate in Second Chance Breakfast Programs?
Authors: Grannon Katherine Y. , Nanney Marilyn S. , Wang Qi , Larson Nicole , Hearst Mary O. , Berge Jerica , Caspi Caitlin E. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDBreakfast consumption often decreases as youth get older. The School Breakfast Program (SBP) provides an opportunity to intervene and increase breakfast consumption, especially among high school students.METHODSProject breakFAST implemented an expanded breakfast service at 12 high schools. In this longitudinal evaluation, school administrators provided SBP participation and demographic data on all ninth and 10th graders for two full consecutive school years. Students screened for eating breakfast <3 times/week were randomly selected to participate in the cohort study. The cohort completed a survey on perceived barriers, benefits, and breakfast habits.RESULTSAt baseline, all 12 schools had only traditional before school cafeteria SBP service. Mean participation was 16.3% and ranged from 7.9 to 38.1%. After the intervention, there was an increase in participation to 25.7% (p = .004) ranging from 14.1 to 47.5%. There was no change in breakfast participation before school (13.3%, p = .06). Students who traveled to school by car, bike, or walking at baseline were 4.5% less likely to participate in second chance breakfast at follow‐up than those who took the bus to school (p = .006).CONCLUSIONSecond chance breakfast is an option for increasing high school breakfast participation, especially for those riding the bus.
Processing grapefruit juice with γ-cyclodextrin attenuates its inhibitory effect on cytochrome P450 3A activity
Authors: Yamasaki Keishi , Iohara Daisuke , Oyama Yoko , Nishizaki Narumi , Kawazu Seitaro , Nishi Koji , Kadowaki Daisuke , Taguchi Kazuaki , Otagiri Masaki , Seo Hakaru 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) juice enhances the oral bioavailability of drugs that are metabolized by intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Patients are advised to avoid drinking grapefruit juice to prevent this drug–grapefruit juice interaction. The aim of this study was to investigate whether processing grapefruit juice with cyclodextrins (CDs) would result in preventing or inhibiting this interaction.

Methods
Grapefruit juice and the major furanocoumarins found in grapefruit, bergamottin (BG) and 6′, 7′-dihydroxy bergamottin (DHBG) were mixed with α, β and γCDs. The effects of these processed juice samples and furanocoumarins on CYP3A activity were compared with the corresponding values for unprocessed juices and furanocoumarins. Interactions between CDs and these furanocoumarins were also investigated by phase solubility and 1H NMR studies.

Key findings
The inhibition of CYP3A by grapefruit juice was significantly attenuated by processing particularly with γCD. Similar attenuation effects by γCD were observed in the cases of BG and DHBG. Furthermore, BG and DHBG were suggested to be strongly encapsulated in the cavity of γCD.

Conclusion
The encapsulation of BG and DHBG by γCD and the resulting attenuation of the inhibition of CYP3A activity by grapefruit juice may be applicable to juice processing for preventing drug-grapefruit juice interactions.
Comparative phylogenetic analyses of Chinese Horsfieldia (Myristicaceae) using complete chloroplast genome sequences
Authors: Cai Chao‐Nan , Ma Hui , Ci Xiu‐Qin , Conran John G. , Li Jie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe biologist's ruler for biodiversity is the species; accurate species identification is fundamental to the conservation of endangered species and in‐depth biological scientific exploration. However, the delimitation and affinities of Horsfieldia in China has been controversial, owing in part to very low levels of molecular divergence within the family Myristicaceae. Because species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships within Horsfieldia are also unclear, 13 samples were collected across its distribution in China and their genomes were subjected to shotgun sequencing using Illumina platforms. A total of 40 487 994–84 801 416 pair‐end clean reads were obtained and, after assembly, the complete chloroplast genome was recovered for all samples. Annotation analysis revealed a total of 112 genes, including 78 protein‐coding genes, 30 transfer RNA, and 4 ribosomal RNA genes. Six variable loci (petN‐psbM, trnH‐psbA, ndhC‐trnV, psbJ‐psbL, ndhF, and rrn5‐rrn23) were identified. Phylogenetic analyses strongly support the presence of four distinct species of Horsfieldia in China. In addition, samples that had been identified previously as Horsfieldia kingii (Hook. f.) Warb. were indistinguishable from those of H. prainii (King) Warb., suggesting that if H. kingii does occur in China, it was not collected in this study. Similarly, the chloroplast genome of one H. hainanensis Merr. sample from Guangxi province was identical to H. tetratepala C. Y. Wu, suggesting that the distribution range of H. hainanensis might be narrower than assumed previously. The phylogenetic relationships between the Chinese Horsfieldia species based on the whole chloroplast genomes was supported strongly, indicating the potential for using entire chloroplast genomes as super‐barcodes for further resolution of the phylogeny of the genus Horsfieldia.
Epigenetic alterations in salivary gland tumors
Authors: dos Santos Erison S. , Ramos Joab C. , Normando Ana Gabriela C. , Mariano Fernanda V. , Paes Leme Adriana F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSalivary gland tumors (SGTs) comprise a heterogeneous group of benign and malignant neoplasms that exhibit significant variability in their microscopic appearance, clinical presentation, and biological behavior. The etiologic factors are unknown; however, chromosomic translocation, secondary radiation, and chemotherapy can be associated with the development of SGT. It has been indicated that epigenetic alterations can be responsible for the development and progress of these neoplasms. The epigenetic mechanisms are defined as a set of DNA changes that do not alter the sequence of nucleotide bases but alter the expression of the proteins. These alterations have been studied in the SGT, and they were associated with the development and progress of these neoplasms and may influence on SGT prognosis. Hence, we critically review the currently available data on the participation of epigenetic events on salivary gland tumors.
Taking Time (and Space) Seriously: How Scholars Falsely Infer Policy Diffusion from Model Misspecification
Authors: Drolc Cody A. , Gandrud Christopher , Williams Laron K. 
Published: December 2019

Scholars have long been interested in how policies and ideas spread from one observation to another. Yet, the spatial and temporal dynamics of policy diffusion present unique challenges that empirical researchers often neglect. Scholars often use temporally lagged spatial lags (TLSL)—such as the number (or percentage) of prior adopters in a neighborhood—to test various mechanisms of delayed policy diffusion but are largely unaware of two under appreciated issues. First, the effects are not limited to one time period but persist over time by changing the future value of neighboring observations. Second, minor, yet common, choices in model specification—such as omitting spatially correlated and/or autoregressive covariates—can increase the risk of falsely inferring that the outcome is a result of spatial diffusion. Indeed, we offer two applications where small changes to the model specification of an otherwise well‐specified model result in drastically different inferences about policy diffusion. We argue that scholars should avoid haphazardly including TLSLs without considerable theoretical justification, and we conclude on an optimistic note by offering straightforward solutions and new software to address these issues.