bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced biomass productivity of microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. in an airlift photobioreactor using low-frequency flashing light with blue LED
Authors: Yustinadiar Novita , Manurung Robert , Suantika Gede 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicroalgaeNannochloropsissp. is a widely recognized renewable biodiesel feedstock. The ability of this microalgae to absorb CO2constitutes an added value toward reducing global warming. However, the process of optimizing its growth still involves many challenges. Photoinhibition, which takes places during microalgae cultivation when using continuous lighting, constitutes an unresolved problem. Therefore, the optimum light/dark cycle method is considered necessary. The experiments were conducted using a designed, tubular airlift photobioreactor and blue, energy-saving, light-emitting diode (LED) lights for the purpose of internal illumination. We observed that a 45:15 min (light:dark) cycle increased the production ofNannochloropsissp. biomass significantly, with a cell density, wet weight, and lipid content of 17 × 106cell/ml, 7.11 g, and 10.1% dry weight, respectively. By using the blue LED lights, our designed, airlift photobioreactor increased cell growth by 70% compared to the growth ofNannochloropsissp. in nature and produced 61 times higher lipid content compared toNannochloropsissp. that is exposed to natural light.
Genome-Wide Somatic Alterations in Multiple Myeloma Reveal a Superior Outcome Group
Authors: Samur Mehmet Kemal , Aktas Samur Anil , Fulciniti Mariateresa , Szalat Raphael , Han Tessa , Shammas Masood , Richardson Paul , Magrangeas Florence , Minvielle Stephane , Corre Jill , Moreau Philippe , Thakurta Anjan , Anderson Kenneth C. , Parmigiani Giovanni , Avet-Loiseau Hervé , Munshi Nikhil C. 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE Multiple myeloma (MM) is accompanied by heterogeneous somatic alterations. The overall goal of this study was to describe the genomic landscape of myeloma using deep whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and develop a model that identifies patients with long survival. METHODS We analyzed deep WGS data from 183 newly diagnosed patients with MM treated with lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVD) alone or RVD + autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in the IFM/DFCI 2009 study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01191060 ). We integrated genomic markers with clinical data. RESULTS We report significant variability in mutational load and processes within MM subgroups. The timeline of observed activation of mutational processes provides the basis for 2 distinct models of acquisition of mutational changes detected at the time of diagnosis of myeloma. Virtually all MM subgroups have activated DNA repair–associated signature as a prominent late mutational process, whereas APOBEC signature targeting C>G is activated in the intermediate phase of disease progression in high-risk MM. Importantly, we identify a genomically defined MM subgroup (17% of newly diagnosed patients) with low DNA damage (low genomic scar score with chromosome 9 gain) and a superior outcome (100% overall survival at 69 months), which was validated in a large independent cohort. This subgroup allowed us to distinguish patients with low- and high-risk hyperdiploid MM and identify patients with prolongation of progression-free survival. Genomic characteristics of this subgroup included lower mutational load with significant contribution from age-related mutations as well as frequent NRAS mutation. Surprisingly, their overall survival was independent of International Staging System and minimal residual disease status. CONCLUSION This is a comprehensive study identifying genomic markers of a good-risk group with prolonged survival. Identification of this patient subgroup will affect future therapeutic algorithms and research planning.
DNA Methylation Profiling and Genomic Analysis in 20 Children with Short Stature Who Were Born Small for Gestational Age
Authors: Peeters Silke , Declerck Ken , Thomas Muriel , Boudin Eveline , Beckers Dominique , Chivu Olimpia , Heinrichs Claudine , Devriendt Koenraad , de Zegher Francis , Van Hul Wim , Vanden Berghe Wim , De Schepper Jean , Rooman Raoul , Mortier Geert ,   WES-BESPEED Study Group, Dotremont Hilde , Craen Margareta , Gies Inge , Lebrethon Marie-Christine 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose
In a significant proportion of children born small for gestational age (SGA) with failure of catch-up growth, the etiology of short stature remains unclear after routine diagnostic workup. We wanted to investigate if extensive analysis of the (epi)genome can unravel the cause of growth failure in a significant portion of these children.

Patients and Methods
Twenty SGA children treated with GH because of short stature were selected from the BELGROW database of the Belgian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology for exome sequencing, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and genome-wide methylation analysis to identify the (epi)genetic cause. First-year response to GH was compared with the response of SGA patients in the KIGS database.

Results
We identified (likely) pathogenic variants in 4 children (from 3 families) using exome sequencing and found pathogenic copy number variants in 2 probands using SNP array. In a child harboring a NSD1-containing microduplication, we identified a DNA methylation signature that is opposite to the genome-wide DNA methylation signature of Sotos syndrome. Moreover, we observed multilocus imprinting disturbances in 2 children in whom no other genomic alteration could be identified. Five of 6 children with a genetic diagnosis had an “above average” response to GH.

Conclusions
The study indicates that a more advanced approach with deep genotyping can unravel unexpected (epi)genomic alterations in SGA children with persistent growth failure. Most SGA children with a genetic diagnosis had a good response to GH treatment.
Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Enriches Immune-Related Pathways in the Transcriptome and Methylome of Human Amniocytes
Authors: Pinney Sara E , Joshi Apoorva , Yin Victoria , Min So Won , Rashid Cetewayo , Condon David E , Wang Paul Zhipang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Context
Gestational diabetes (GDM) has profound effects on the intrauterine metabolic milieu and is linked to obesity and diabetes in offspring, but the mechanisms driving these effects remain largely unknown. Alterations in DNA methylation and gene expression in amniocytes exposed to GDM in utero represent a potential mechanism leading to metabolic dysfunction later in life.

Objective
To profile changes in genome-wide DNA methylation and expression in human amniocytes exposed to GDM.

Design
A nested case-control study (n = 14 pairs) was performed in amniocytes matched for offspring sex, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, gestational age at amniocentesis, and gestational age at birth. Sex-specific genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and RNA-sequencing were completed and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and gene expression changes were identified. Ingenuity pathway analysis identified biologically relevant pathways enriched after GDM exposure. In silico high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) analysis identified potential chromatin interactions with DMRs.

Results
Expression of interferon-stimulated genes was increased in GDM amniocytes, accounting for 6 of the top 10 altered genes (q &lt; 0.05). Enriched biological pathways in GDM amniocytes included pathways involving inflammation, the interferon response, fatty liver disease, monogenic diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Forty-two DMRs were identified in male GDM-exposed amniocytes and 20 in female amniocyte analysis (q &lt; 0.05). Hi-C analysis identified interactions between DMRs and 11 genes with significant expression changes in male amniocytes and 9 in female amniocytes (P &lt; .05).

Conclusion
In a unique repository of human amniocytes exposed to GDM in utero, transcriptome analysis identified enrichment of inflammation and interferon-related pathways and novel DMRs with potential distal regulatory functions.
Riding the Korean Wave in Iran
Authors: Koo Gi Yeon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study explores the Korean Wave and fandom in the Islamic Republic of Iran. It follows Iranian women’s consumption of Korean popular culture in the context of their general pop-culture consumption patterns and how they create a fan culture through social media and pop culture. This study is based on data collected through anthropological fieldwork in Tehran. User-generated content on social media, such as Telegram and Instagram, was used to examine how young Iranian women are actively leading the fandom culture through their daily fan-related activities and how, in doing so, they forge a sense of solidarity with other women and global fans. The fandom phenomenon of the Iranian Muslim women shows how youth can effect social change in Iran while demonstrating that it is possible to trace the cultural changes taking place in Iran.
Strengthening research management and support services in sub-Saharan African universities and research institutions
Authors: Pulford Justin , Crossman Susie , Begg Sara , Amegee Quach Jessica , Abomo Pierre , El Hajj Taghreed , Bates Imelda 
Published: July 2020

Background: International development partners and research councils are increasingly funding research management and support (RMS) capacity strengthening initiatives in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as part of a broader investment in strengthening national and regional research systems. However, the evidence-base to inform RMS capacity strengthening initiatives is limited at present. This research note presents a synthesis of 28 RMS capacity assessments completed in 25 universities/research institutions from across 15 SSA countries between 2014 and 2018. Methods: All 28 capacity assessments were completed following a standardised methodology consisting of semi-structured interviews conducted with research and research support staff at the respective institution as well as document reviews and observation of onsite facilities. Data were extracted from the 28 reports detailing the findings of each assessment according to a framework synthesis approach. Results: In total, 13 distinct capacity gap categories emerged from across the 28 RMS capacity assessment reports. Almost all the institutions assessed faced significant gaps in RMS capacity within and across each of these 13 categories. The 13 categories were not independent of each other and were often closely inter-connected. Commonalities were also evident across multiple categories, the two most obvious of which were severe fiscal constraints and the often-complex bureaucracy of the institutional operating environment. Conclusions: The synthesis findings reveal multiple, commonly shared RMS capacity gaps in universities and research institutions across SSA. No single intervention type, or focus, would be sufficient to strengthen capacity across all 13 areas; rather, what is needed to facilitate a significant shift in RMS capacity within such SSA universities and research institutions is a combination of interventions, consisting of differing levels of cost and complexity, variously led (or supported) by both internal and external actors.
Modelling structural rearrangements in proteins using Euclidean distance matrices
Authors: Lafita Aleix , Bateman Alex 
Published: July 2020

Proteins undergo large structural rearrangements such as circular permutations, dimerisation via domain swapping, and loss of core secondary structure elements in domain atrophy, among others. These structural changes can be naturally represented as distance matrix transformations, exploiting their conserved native residue contacts at the protein core. Here we present an homology modelling approach to formulate structural rearrangements as a Euclidean distance matrix (EDM) problem and use it to build their 3D structures. This modelling approach aims to be lightweight, flexible and fast, suitable for large-scale analyses. Models are typically coarse-grained and solely based on protein geometry. We demonstrate various applications of EDM-based modelling for protein structure analysis and release an open repository with the source code at: https://github.com/lafita/protein-edm-demo.
Pure-rotational 1D-CARS spatiotemporal thermometry with a single regenerative amplifier system
Authors: Castellanos Leonardo , Mazza Francesco , Kliukin Dmitrii , Bohlin Alexis 
Published: July 2020

We report spatiotemporal pure-rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) in a one-dimensional imaging arrangement obtained with a single ultrafast regenerative amplifier system. The femtosecond pump/Stokes photon pairs, used for impulsive excitation, are delivered by an external compressor operating on a

∼

35

%

beam split of the uncompressed amplifier output (2.5 mJ/pulse). The picosecond 1.2 mJ probe pulse is produced via the second-harmonic bandwidth compression (SHBC) of the

∼

65

%

remainder of the amplifier output (4.5 mJ/pulse), which originates from the internal compressor. The two pump/Stokes and probe pulses are spatially, temporally, and repetition-wise correlated at the measurement, and the signal generation plane is relayed by a wide-field coherent imaging spectrometer onto the detector plane, which is refreshed at the same repetition rate as the ultrafast regenerative amplifier system. We demonstrate 1 kHz cinematographic 1D-CARS gas-phase thermometry across an unstable premixed methane/air flame-front, achieved with a single-shot precision

<

1

%

and accuracy

<

3

%

, 1.4 mm field of view, and an excellent

<

20

µ

m

line-spread function.
Improvement in the temporal contrast in the tens of ps range of the multi-PW Apollon laser front-end
Authors: Ranc Lucas , Le Blanc Catherine , Lebas Nathalie , Martin Luc , Zou Ji-Ping , Mathieu François , Radier Christophe , Ricaud Sandrine , Druon Frederic , Papadopoulos Dimitris 
Published: July 2020

We demonstrate the impact of the optics roughness in Öffner stretchers used in chirped pulse amplification laser chains and how it is possible to improve the temporal contrast ratio in the temporal range of 10–100 ps by adequately choosing the optical quality of the key components. Experimental demonstration has been realized in the front-end source of the multi-petawatt (PW) laser facility Apollon, resulting in an enhancement of the contrast ratio by two to three orders of magnitude.
A Memória como Ferramenta Política
Authors: Elisio Régis Rodrigues 
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar um balanço analítico das cotas raciais para negros/as, na perspectiva da Nova História Política, buscando evidenciar os usos da memória como instrumento político do passado na contemporaneidade. Para isso, contextualizam-se as novas tendências historiográficas, indicando aplicabilidades para o enquadramento das ações afirmativas no Brasil. As análises apontam que os atuais discursos sobre cotas raciais reivindicam a memória como recurso legitimador de discordantes sentidos. Por fim, conclui-se que as recentes configurações do poder trouxeram, outra vez, o debate das cotas raciais para o centro das disputas políticas, escoradas, majoritariamente, em diferentes tipos de memórias que, da forma em que estão colocadas, fabricam revisionismos.
Palavras-chave: Cotas raciais. Negros/as. História. Memória. Política.
A Transmissão de Memórias e o Espaço Público
Authors: Musto Flores Rodrigo 
Published: July 2020

Uma das principais características dos monumentos diz respeito, ao seu poder de perpetuação e evocação do passado em uma sociedade. Ao caracterizar esses marcos como elos entre o passado e o presente de um corpo social, as análises historiográficas sobre as narrativas, valores e símbolos que esses artefatos transportam, podem despertar reflexões sobre a construção de uma memória de um determinado grupo, bem como as disputas referentes à transmissão dessas memórias no espaço público. Portanto, tomando o espaço público da cidade de Juiz de Fora, localizada na zona da mata mineira, como centro da investigação, este artigo visa analisar os monumentos destinados a rememorar a participação da Força Expedicionária Brasileira (FEB), na Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945). Além disso, interessa à presente reflexão as articulações, significados e disputas em torno da construção de uma memória coletiva da qual os monumentos analisados, são portadores.
Espacio público: soporte para la densificación residencial en altura
Authors: Pallares Torres María Eugenia , Pallarés Torres Mirtha , Chang Lou Jing 
Published: July 2020

La instalación en el territorio chileno de la ley 20.958 de Aporte al Espacio Público provocará un cambio significativo en la producción de la ciudad, impactando los instrumentos de planificación, las instancias de administración territorial, el sector productivo y la comunidad, por lo que pareciera recomendable y necesario visibilizar anticipadamente el efecto a fin de que la aceptación, construcción y consolidación sea consecuente y adecuada, permitiendo superar la escasez de dotaciones y oportunidades para la vida urbana, situación generada en el tiempo a consecuencia de los procesos densificatorios que incrementaron la ocupación y diversificaron los usos.
El análisis de la evolución de los modos de producción de edificaciones residenciales en altura en la ciudad de Santiago permitió validar la relevancia de la construcción del espacio público resolviendo los requerimientos funcionales, promoviendo la integración, consolidando la vida en comunidad y minimizando el efecto de la densidad, al compensar la aglomeración con espacialidades para la recreación, evidenciando que independiente de los cambios políticos, económicos, sociales y culturales que ocurren en la sociedad, el bienestar social provocado por la satisfacción de las necesidades colectivas se logra con el acceso a los bienes y servicios disponibles para la sociedad en su conjunto.
Propuesta de una metodología aplicada al estudio de simulación urbana-solar como herramienta de diseño
Authors: Longhini Victoria , Ajmat Raúl Fernando 
Published: July 2020

El presente trabajo es un resumen de una propuesta metodológica que permite abordar con criterio científico-cuantitativo soluciones aplicadas a la problemática actual abarcando el tema de la ausencia de soluciones efectivas de diseño arquitectónico-urbano que aprovechen o resuelvan el acceso de luz natural y aseguren la habitabilidad en recintos urbanos permitiendo su aprovechamiento para captación de energía solar. Mediante simulación, que se elaboró como metodología de estudio, se revisaron los lineamientos respecto de habitabilidad, salubridad y garantías de accesibilidad de energía solar, que propone el Código de Planificación Urbano y su cumplimiento en el Área Central de San Miguel de Tucumán. Se propone un proceso de simulación sistematizado para analizar las consecuencias de la densificación, producto de la industria de la construcción en curso, aplicando una metodología para investigar los efectos reales de la puesta en práctica de las normas urbanísticas. Esta permite el análisis del potencial de producción de energía limpia en superficies expuestas a la misma, la pre-visualización y estudio de la habitabilidad de patios de edificios de gran altura y la verificación de legislaciones que necesiten ser revisadas a fin de dar una solución real y efectiva a problemas de diseño y habitabilidad.
KONFIGURASI RUANG BERDASARKAN KUALITAS KONEKTIVITAS RUANGAN DALAM PERANCANGAN KANTOR: SPACE SYNTAX ANALYSIS
Authors: Permana Asep Yudi , Permana Aathira Farah Salsabilla , Andriyana Deka 
Published: July 2020

Abstract: The complexity that occurs in an office is determined by the diversity and intensity of user activity. Connectivity system becomes an important factor to accommodate activities in their work, especially connectivity from private work areas to shared work areas and public services. This study aims to analyze the activities of employees and their connectivity, including the flow of circulation in the office of PT. Haleyora Powerindo after undergoing a re-design and evaluation for 5 months after office operations. Space Syntax Analysis is done to see how changes in behavior and connectivity occur. Data is collected by direct observation and review of secondary sources related to the development and changes that occur in the office. It was concluded that connectivity and permeability in the design of an office require a comfortable circulation area with a range that is not too long between nodes as an observation room with a path as a circulation area.Keywords: Behavior, Space, conectivity, permeability, office. Abstrak: Kompleksitas yang terjadi di dalam sebuah perkantoran ditentukan oleh keragaman dan intensitas aktivitas penggunanya. System konektivitas menjadi faktor penting untuk mengakomodasi kegiatan dalam pekerjaannya, terutama konektivitas dari area kerja pribadi ke area kerja Bersama dan layanan publik. Penelitian ini berutujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas pegawai dan konektivitasnya termasuk alur sirkulasi di kantor PT. Haleyora Powerindo setelah mengalami re-desain dan dilakukan evaluasi selama 5 bulan pasca operasional kantor. Space Syntax Analysis dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana perubahan perilaku dan konektivitas yang terjadi. Data dikumpulkan dengan observasi langsung dan review sumber sekunder yang terkait dengan pengembangan dan perubahan yang terjadi di kantor tersebut. Disimpulkan bahwa konektivitas dan permeabilitas pada rancangan sebuah kantor memerlukan area sirkulasi yang nyaman dengan jangkau yang tidak terlalu panjang antara node sebagai ruang pengamatan dengan path sebagai area sirkulasi.Kata Kunci: Perilaku, Ruang, Konektivitas, Permiabilitas, Kantor
Phenotypic methods for detection of Amp C b lactamases in Gram negative clinical isolates of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Inamdar Dhanashree P , B Anuradha 
Published: July 2020

: ESBLs (Extended spectrum beta lactamases) are detected routinely in most laboratories but Amp c Beta lactamases are neglected to large extent. Pseudosusceptibility seen in Amp C producers leads to resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins resulting in inappropriate antimicrobial regimens and therapeutic failure. Thus, there is a need to know an appropriate phenotypic method for easy detection of Amp C β-lactamases as they have clinical relevance.: To detect and compare different phenotypic methods for Amp C β-lactamases in Gram-negative clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae familyA prospective study was done at Mamata Medical college, Khammam for period of three months. Phenyl boronic acid method, Cefoxitin Cloxacillin-Double disc synergy test, TRIS EDTA method, Disc approximation test were done on isolates after screening by Cefoxitin disc.: Out of 140 isolates tested, 80(57%) were positive (resistant) for screening test by cefoxitin. Out of them 61(76.2%) were Escherichia coli, 16 (20.1%) isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae and 3 (3.75%) were Enterobacter sp. Phenotypic confirmatory methods by Cefoxitin Cloxacillin Double disc Synergy (CC-DDS) test showed zone difference of &#62;4mm in 38(47.5%) isolates , by Phenylboronic acid method (PBA) &#62; 5mm zone difference was observed in 34(42.5%) isolates, by TRIS EDTA method 32 (40%) showed indentation near EDTA disc and by Disc approximation test 32(40%) were positive for Amp C production. E coli was the commonest isolate showing Amp c production by all four methods.: CC-DDS method has better detection rate compared to other phenotypic confirmatory methods. We suggest CC-DDS method as it is easy to perform.