bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative (To) Punishment: Assessing Punishment Experiences in Youth Diversion Programmes
Authors: Sandøy Thomas Anton 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study explores the penal character of diversion programmes through the subjective experiences of young drug-law offenders. Specifically, punishment experiences are investigated through qualitative interviews with 24 offenders who were arrested between the ages of 15 and 17. The diverted adolescents described four experiences of punishment attending the programmes: (1) deprivation of time; (2) deprivation of social bonds; (3) deprivation of dignity and (4) deprivation of self. These subjective experiences of punishment, which all reflect the supervisory character of alternative penal sanctioning, differed in severity across programmes, individuals and abstraction levels. Punishment is largely an unspoken aspect of diversionary practices, emphasizing the importance of a subjectivist approach to assessments of penal character.
Identification of the Most Cost-effective Position of Vedolizumab Among the Available Biologic Drugs for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Scott Frank I , Luo Michelle , Shah Yash , Lasch Karen , Vajravelu Ravy K , Mamtani Ronac , Fennimore Blair , Gerich Mark E , Lewis James D 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsThere are limited data on the most cost-effective sequencing of biologics for ulcerative colitis [UC].MethodsWe used Markov modelling to identify the most cost-effective position for vedolizumab among biologics for steroid-dependent UC, with a base-case of a 35-year-old male. We assessed three treatment algorithms, with vedolizumab use: prior to an initial anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha [anti-TNFα] and azathioprine [Algorithm 1]; prior to a second anti-TNF and azathioprine [Algorithm 2]; and prior to colectomy [Algorithm 3]. The initial anti-TNF could be either infliximab or adalimumab. Transition probabilities, costs, and quality-adjusted life-year estimates were derived from published estimates, Medicare, and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Primary analyses included 100 trials of 100 000 individuals over 1 year, with a willingness-to-pay threshold of US$100,000. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess our findings.ResultsFrom a population perspective, when both infliximab and adalimumab are available, vedolizumab was preferred as the first biologic if ≥14% of initial anti-TNF use was adalimumab. If infliximab is the primary biologic, vedolizumab use after infliximab [Algorithm 2] and prior to adalimumab was the most cost-effective strategy. All models were sensitive to biologic pricing.ConclusionsThis simulation demonstrated that the most cost-effective strategy in UC depends on the proportion of patients using adalimumab as the initial anti-TNF. If adalimumab was ≥14%, vedolizumab was preferred as the first biologic. When only infliximab was available for first-line therapy, the most cost-effective position of vedolizumab was prior to cycling to adalimumab.
Evaluation of mandibular symmetry and morphology in adult patients with unilateral posterior crossbite: a CBCT study using a surface-to-surface matching technique
Authors: Leonardi Rosalia , Muraglie Simone , Lo Giudice Antonino , Aboulazm K S , Nucera R 
Published: December 2019

SummaryObjectivesTo investigate mandibular morphology in adults affected by posterior unilateral crossbite (PUXB) and to evaluate the hemi mandibular volumes from the crossbite (CB) and non-CB sides of the same patients.MethodsThirty-eight cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were consecutively recruited and the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)-formatted scans were volume rendered into a surface three-dimensional (3D) mesh model and volumes to obtain the 3D model of the mandibular bone. To achieve the surface point-to-point analysis of the mandibular models, a reverse engineering software was used. The same procedure was performed for an age-matched control group (19 CBCT images).ResultsTotal mandibular volume showed a difference of 2.46 cm3 between patients and controls, which was not statistically significant. A mean difference of 1.53 cm3 was found comparing the hemi mandibular volumes from the CB and non-CB sides of PUXB patients, this difference was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.01). Findings for the surface-to-surface deviation analysis, demonstrated a higher percentage of mismatch in patients PUXB, over 10% at 0.5 mm tolerance level.LimitationsLimitations are related to the intrinsic surfaces matching methodology, that make difficult to evaluate discrepancies among different mandibular anatomical units.ConclusionAdult patients affected by PUXB show a greater mandibular structural asymmetry compared to controls because of a lower matching percentage obtained from the surface-to-surface matching technique.ImplicationsTreatment of adult patients affected by PUXB should take into consideration the possibility of a mild mandibular asymmetry mainly localized at the condyle and gonial angle levels.
Prognostic model for multiple myeloma progression integrating gene expression and clinical features
Authors: Sun Chen , Li Hongyang , Mills Ryan E , Guan Yuanfang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer caused by abnormal accumulation of monoclonal plasma cells in bone marrow. With the increase in treatment options, risk-adapted therapy is becoming more and more important. Survival analysis is commonly applied to study progression or other events of interest and stratify the risk of patients.

Results
In this study, we present the current state-of-the-art model for MM prognosis and the molecular biomarker set for stratification: the winning algorithm in the 2017 Multiple Myeloma DREAM Challenge, Sub-Challenge 3. Specifically, we built a non-parametric complete hazard ranking model to map the right-censored data into a linear space, where commonplace machine learning techniques, such as Gaussian process regression and random forests, can play their roles. Our model integrated both the gene expression profile and clinical features to predict the progression of MM. Compared with conventional models, such as Cox model and random survival forests, our model achieved higher accuracy in 3 within-cohort predictions. In addition, it showed robust predictive power in cross-cohort validations. Key molecular signatures related to MM progression were identified from our model, which may function as the core determinants of MM progression and provide important guidance for future research and clinical practice. Functional enrichment analysis and mammalian gene-gene interaction network revealed crucial biological processes and pathways involved in MM progression. The model is dockerized and publicly available at https://www.synapse.org/#!Synapse:syn11459638. Both data and reproducible code are included in the docker.

Conclusions
We present the current state-of-the-art prognostic model for MM integrating gene expression and clinical features validated in an independent test set.
To Credit or to Blame? The Asymmetric Impact of Government Responsibility in Economic News
Authors: Damstra Alyt , Boukes Mark , Vliegenthart Rens 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article studies the asymmetric effects of credit and blame attributions in economic news on government evaluations. We rely on a dataset combining a manual content analysis of Dutch economic news (print, television, online; N = 5,630) with a three-wave panel survey (N = 3,240) that was fielded in 2015. Results show that people who are exposed to news in which the government is blamed for the economy tend to adopt this frame by assigning responsibility to the government for the economic crisis. In addition, exposure to blame attributions leads to more negative government evaluations. This effect is partly mediated through the attribution of crisis responsibility. Credit attributions in the news do not have any effect on public opinion.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase is a negative regulator of interleukin-10 production in macrophages
Authors: Na Yi Rang , Jung Daun , Song Juha , Park Jong-Wan , Hong Jung Joo , Seok Seung Hyeok 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is the most potent anti-inflammatory cytokine in the body and plays an essential role in determining outcomes of many inflammatory diseases. Cellular metabolism is a critical determinant of immune cell function; however, it is currently unclear whether metabolic processes are specifically involved in IL-10 production. In this study, we aimed to find the central metabolic molecule regulating IL-10 production of macrophages, which are the main producers of IL-10. Transcriptomic analysis identified that metabolic changes were predominantly enriched in Kupffer cells at the early inflammatory phase of a mouse endotoxemia model. Among them, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)-dependent acute glycolysis was negatively involved in IL-10 production. Inhibition or knockdown of PDK selectively increased macrophage IL-10 expression. Mechanistically, PDK inhibition increased IL-10 production via profound phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase alpha 1 (AMPKα1) by restricting glucose uptake in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. AMPKα1 consequently activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein to regulate IL-10 production. Our study uncovers a previously unknown regulatory mechanism of IL-10 in activated macrophages involving an immunometabolic function of PDK.
Cellular network across cementum and periodontal ligament elucidated by FIB/SEM tomography
Authors: Hirashima Shingo , Ohta Keisuke , Kanazawa Tomonoshin , Togo Akinobu , Tsuneyoshi Risa , Kusukawa Jingo , Nakamura Kei-ichiro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Cementocytes in cementum form a lacuna-canalicular network. However, the 3D ultrastructure and range of the cementocyte network are unclear. Here, the 3D ultrastructure of the cementocyte network at the interface between cementum and periodontal ligament (PDL) was investigated on the mesoscale using FIB/SEM tomography. The results revealed a cellular network of cementocytes and PDL cells. A previous histomorphological study revealed the osteocyte-osteoblast-PDL cellular network. We extended this knowledge and revealed the cementum-PDL-bone cellular network, which may orchestrate the remodeling and modification of periodontal tissue, using a suitable method for imaging of complex tissue.
Being Normal: Stigmatization of Lord’s Resistance Army Returnees as ‘Moral Experience’ in Post-war Northern Uganda
Authors: Macdonald Anna , Kerali Raphael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe literature on Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) returnees in Acholiland, northern Uganda tells us that those who returned from the rebel group are likely to experience stigma and social exclusion. While the term is deployed frequently, ‘stigma’ is not a well-developed concept and most of the evidence we have comes from accounts of returnees themselves. Focusing instead on the ‘stigmatizers’, this article theorizes stigmatization as part of the ‘moral experience’ of regulating post-war social repair. Through interview-based and ethnographic methods, it finds that stigmatization of LRA returnees takes many forms and serves multiple functions, calling into question whether this catch-all term actually obscures more than it illuminates. While stigmatization is usually practised as a form of ‘social control’, its function can be ‘reintegrative’ rather than purely exclusionary. Through the northern Uganda case study, this article seeks to advance conceptual and empirical understanding of the manifestations and functions of stigmatization in spaces of return, challenging the logic underpinning those interventions that seek to reduce it.
Role of intrauterine administration of transfected peripheral blood mononuclear cells by GM-CSF on embryo implantation and pregnancy rate in mice
Authors: Rezaee Delsuz , Bandehpour Mojgan , Kazemi Bahram , Salehi Mohammad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOne of the effective treatments in women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is the use of immune cells to facilitate embryo implantation. Previous studies have shown that intrauterine transmission of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) increased the embryo implantation rate. In this study using B6D2F1 (C57BL/6 × DBA2) mice, a fragment of the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (Gm-csf) gene was cloned into an enhanced green fluorescent protein vector (pEGFP-N1) and then transfected into PBMC. The protein level of GM-CSF was evaluated in the transfected PBMC and untransfected PBMC by ELISA. Attachment of mouse embryos and the mRNA expression levels of leukemia inhibitory factor (Lif), vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp9), Gmcsf-receptor (Gmcsf-r) and interleukin 6 (Il6) in vitro were assessed by real-time PCR in endometrial cells. To determine the pregnancy rate and number of implantation sites in vivo, the mouse uterine horns were analyzed on Day 7.5 post coitum. A greater amount of GM-CSF was produced in PBMC transfected with recombinant vector (552 pg/mL) compared with the untransfected PBMC (57 pg/mL) and PBMC transfected with empty vector (34 pg/mL) (P &lt; 0.05). The data showed that the embryo attachment rate and mRNA expression levels (Vegf [1.7-fold], Mmp9 [1.4-fold], Lif [1.5-fold], Gm-csf r [1.6-fold] and Il6 [1.2-fold]) in the in vitro study (P &lt; 0.01), pregnancy rate (P &lt; 0.01) and number of implantation sites (P &lt; 0.01) in the in vivo investigation (P &lt; 0.05) were increased in PBMC transfected with recombinant vector compared with the PBMC group. The study demonstrated that, in mice, endometrium immunotherapy with transfected PBMC that contained recombinant GM-CSF before embryo implantation was effective in improving embryo implantation and endometrial receptivity.
Handgrip strength is a comorbidity marker in systemic necrotizing vasculitides and predicts the risk of fracture and serious adverse events
Authors: Henriquez Soledad , Dunogué Bertrand , Porcher Raphael , Régent Alexis , Cohen Pascal , Berezne Alice , Kolta Sami , Le Jeunne Claire , Mouthon Luc , Roux Christian , Guillevin Loïc , Briot Karine , Terrier Benjamin ,   for the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG)
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveSarcopenia has been associated with poor outcomes in various medical and surgical conditions. However, its impact in systemic necrotizing vasculitides (SNV) had never been characterized. We aimed to assess the prevalence, associated factors and prognostic impact of sarcopenia in SNV.MethodsPatients with SNV were successively included in a prospective longitudinal study assessing comorbidities. At inclusion, we evaluated sarcopenia by assessing skeletal muscle mass index using DXA and muscle strength using handgrip strength. Vasculitis and treatments-related events were recorded and analysed using Cox models.ResultsOne hundred and twenty patients were included. At inclusion, low handgrip strength (&lt;30 kg for men and 20 kg for women) was identified in 28 (23%) patients, while no patient exhibited low skeletal muscle mass index (&lt;7.23 kg/m2 for men and 5.67 kg/m2 for women). Low handgrip strength was associated with age (P &lt;0.0001), type of vasculitis (P =0.01), vasculitis damage index (P =0.01), history of falls (P =0.0002), osteoporosis (P =0.04), low serum albumin (P =0.003) and prealbumin (P =0.0007), high CRP (P =0.001), high FRAX® tool (P =0.002) and low bone mineral density at femoral neck (P =0.0002). After median follow-up of 42 months, low handgrip strength was associated with higher risk of bone fracture [HR 4.25 (1.37–13.2), P =0.01] and serious adverse events [HR 2.80 (1.35–5.81), P =0.006].ConclusionHandgrip strength is associated in SNV with nutritional status and comorbidities such as bone disease, and seems to predict, as in other medical conditions, the risk of fracture and serious adverse events during follow-up. In contrast, assessment of skeletal muscle mass index in this population remains uncertain.
The effectiveness of a low-dose esketamine versus an alfentanil adjunct to propofol sedation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Eberl Susanne , Koers Lena , van Hooft Jeanine , de Jong Edwin , Hermanides Jeroen , Hollmann Markus W. , Preckel Benedikt 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUNDEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is one of the most complex gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. Currently, it is still unclear which sedation regimen best facilitates an ERCP. TheN-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist esketamine has anaesthetic, analgesic and sympathomimetic properties and is known to cause less cardiorespiratory depression than other sedatives. It could therefore be an ideal adjunct to propofol for deep sedation.OBJECTIVETo assess the effectiveness of esketamine versus alfentanil as an adjunct to propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) for deep sedation during ambulant ERCP.DESIGNA randomised controlled multicentre study.SETTINGEndoscopic intervention suite at an academic and general hospital in the Netherlands.PARTICIPANTSAdult, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status I to III patients scheduled to undergo ERCP.INTERVENTIONConsecutive patients were randomly assigned to receive sedation for an ERCP with propofol TCI and alfentanil (group A) or with propofol TCI and esketamine (group E).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESThe primary outcome was effectiveness of the sedation regimen expressed as the total dose of propofol – as a surrogate parameter – necessary to perform ERCP in a satisfactory manner for endoscopist and patients. Secondary outcomes were recovery time, patients’ and endoscopists’ satisfaction with sedation, side effects (e.g. psychotomimetic effects, nausea and vomiting) and the number of respiratory and cardiovascular adverse events.RESULTSData from 162 patients were analysed. The total dose of propofol required was significantly lower in group E (n=83) (8.3 mg kg−1 h−1) than in group A (n=79) (10.5 mg kg−1 h−1) (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in recovery time, patients’ and endoscopists’ satisfaction, side effects, psychotomimetic effects and the number of sedation-related adverse events.CONCLUSIONLow-dose esketamine reduces the total amount of propofol necessary for sedation during ERCP in American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II patients without affecting recovery time, satisfaction of patients and endoscopists, side effects and respiratory or cardiovascular adverse events, when compared with alfentanil.TRIAL REGISTRATIONThe Netherlands Trial Register (NTR5486).
Physical and Visual Characteristics of the Neck Predicting Gender Perception
Authors: Amir Ofer , Shemer Kim , Roziner Ilan , Primov-Fever Adi 
Published: December 2019

Background:The association between neck characteristics (physical and visual) and the perception of gender is unclear. This association is critical, especially when the perception of the speakers’ gender is of interest, such as in transgender patients. This study was the first to provide basic empirical data on this association among cisgender men and women.Methods:The necks of 30 adult men and women were measured physically and then photographed and evaluated visually by a group of 10 judges. These judges also evaluated voice recordings of the same speakers. Another group of 124 judges rated the visual and auditory masculinity/femininity of the necks and the voices.Results:While most physical measures of the neck were larger for men, neck-length did not significantly differ between genders. A stepwise multiple regression model revealed that the singlephysicalmeasure that consistently differed between genders was neck-girth (P< 0.0001). The singlevisual-appearancemeasure that consistently differed between genders was thyroid-protrusion (P= 0.0003). Neck-girth was the only physical characteristic that significantly correlated with gender differences in voice. Furthermore, the size of the thyroid prominence (ie, Adam’s apple) was not associated with gender differences in voice.Conclusions:Neck characteristics (both physical and visual) are significantly associated with the perception of gender. While larger necks are typically perceived as masculine,neck-lengthis neither associated with gender nor with the speaker’s voice characteristics. These findings highlight the importance of examining various physical and visual characteristics of the neck, when considering a feminization confirmation procedure for transgender patients.
The risk and prevention of sudden death in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Davis Jason , Sapp John 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
Patients with heart failure are at increased risk of sudden cardiac death. The methods to predict patients at high risk of sudden cardiac death in heart failure are neither sensitive nor specific; both overestimating risk in those with ejection fractions less than 35% and not identifying those at risk with ejection fractions greater than 35%.

Recent findings
The absolute risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with heart failure have decreased over the past 20 years. New novel tools are being developed and tested to identify those at higher risk of sudden cardiac death. Reduction in the risk of sudden cardiac death has been achieved with the use of beta-blockers, spironolactone, sacubitril–valsartan, cardiac resynchronization and implantable cardioverter defibrillators.

Summary
The use of contemporary treatments for patients with heart failure can reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death, but research is required to identify those at highest risk.
Impact of Accessory Pathway Location on Electrophysiologic Characteristics and Ablation Success
Authors: Behjati Ardakani Mohammadamin , Dehghani Faezeh , Sarebanhassanabadi Mohammadtaghi , Yalameh Azam , Behjat Mehrnoosh , Behjati Ardakani Mostafa , Shafiee Mohammad , Seyed Hosseini Seyed-Mostafa 
Published: December 2019

Background:
To investigate the relationship between the location of accessory pathways, electrophysiologic characteristics, and ablation success in Wolfe-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome.

Methods:
Electrophysiologic study was performed in 178 patients for a pre-excitation syndrome. Accessory pathway location, anterograde or retrograde conduction, ablation success, and recurrence rate were evaluated.

Results:
Among 178 patients with WPW syndrome, the most frequent location of the accessory pathway was left lateral (39.3%) which had high ablation success rate (97%) and low recurrence rate (1%). A meaningful relationship exists between accessory pathway location and electrophysiologic characteristics. Ablation success rate was 89.7% and was statistically related to accessory pathway location. Recurrent occurred in 2.9% of our patients and was more frequent in right free wall and PJRT.

Conclusions:
The location of accessory pathways has a great impact on conductivity, ablation success, and recurrence rate in WPW syndrome.