bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping Social Work Field Education in the 21st Century: A National Survey of the Australian Context
Authors: Cleak Helen , Zuchowski Ines 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Field education is a key curriculum component in social work programmes and students identify their placement as central to their transition to practice. Globally, changes in higher education, increasing the complexity of practice and an increasingly diverse student body, are challenging field education programmes to meet these professional and resource challenges. This article reports on Australian research which surveyed social work field education programmes in relation to staffing, supervision and other developments shaping social work field education. Twenty-four field education coordinators of thirty social work programmes completed the survey and the findings highlighted worrying trends including increasing student to staff ratio, insufficient social worker supervised placements, increased placements with external (off-site) supervision and employment of casual staff to undertake core tasks such as supervision and liaison. The results provide important benchmarking evidence which will resonate with the wider international social work education context.
The role of hummingbirds in the evolution and diversification of Bromeliaceae: unsupported claims and untested hypotheses
Authors: Kessler Michael , Abrahamczyk Stefan , Krömer Thorsten 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAt least half of the 3600 species of Bromeliaceae are pollinated by hummingbirds. There is little doubt that the four to 12 evolutionary shifts towards and c. 32 shifts away from hummingbird pollination opened new evolutionary spaces for bromeliad diversification, and that hummingbird pollination has led to increased bromeliad diversification rates. However, the mechanisms leading to these increased rates remain unclear. We here propose that there are four main types of mechanisms that may increase diversification rates of hummingbird-pollinated bromeliad clades: (1) bromeliad speciation through adaptation to different hummingbird species; (2) increased allopatric speciation in hummingbird-pollinated clades due to lower pollen transfer efficiency compared with other pollinators; (3) differential speciation rates in hummingbird-pollinated clades dependent on of flowering phenology and hummingbird behaviour; and (4) higher speciation rates of bromeliads in montane environments (where hummingbird pollination predominates) due to topographic population fragmentation. To date, none of these hypotheses has been appropriately tested, partly due to a lack of data, but also because research so far has focused on documenting the pattern of increased diversification in hummingbird-pollinated clades, implicitly assuming that this pattern supports an underlying mechanism while ignoring the fact that several competing mechanisms may be considered. The aim of the present review is to increase awareness of these mechanisms and to trigger research aimed at specifically testing them. We conclude that much additional research on the roles of hummingbird behaviour and gene flow between bromeliad species is needed to elucidate their contribution to the evolution of diversity in bromeliads and other plant families.
Individualized Cortical Parcellation Based on Diffusion MRI Tractography
Authors: Han Meizhen , Yang Guoyuan , Li Hai , Zhou Sizhong , Xu Boyan , Jiang Jun , Men Weiwei , Ge Jianqiao , Gong Gaolang , Liu Hesheng , Gao Jia-Hong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The spatial topological properties of cortical regions vary across individuals. Connectivity-based functional and anatomical cortical mapping in individuals will facilitate research on structure–function relationships. However, individual-specific cortical topographic properties derived from anatomical connectivity are less explored than those based on functional connectivity. We aimed to develop a novel individualized anatomical connectivity-based parcellation framework and investigate individual differences in spatial topographic features of cortical regions using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) tractography. Using a high-quality, repeated-session dMRI dataset (42 subjects, 2 sessions per subject), cortical parcels were derived through in vivo anatomical connectivity-based parcellation. These individual-specific parcels demonstrated good within-individual reproducibility and reflected interindividual differences in anatomical brain organization. Connectivity in these individual-specific parcels was significantly more homogeneous than that based on the group atlas. We found that the position, size, and topography of these anatomical parcels were highly variable across individuals and demonstrated nonredundant information about individual differences. Finally, we found that intersubject variability in anatomical connectivity was correlated with the diversity of anatomical connectivity patterns. Overall, we identified cortical parcels that show homogeneous anatomical connectivity patterns. These parcels displayed marked intersubject spatial variability, which may be used in future functional studies to reveal structure–function relationships in the human brain.
Temporal and Genotypic Associations of Sporadic Norovirus Gastroenteritis and Reported Norovirus Outbreaks in Middle Tennessee, 2012–2016
Authors: Parikh Meghana P , Vandekar Simon , Moore Christina , Thomas Linda , Britt Nathan , Piya Bhinnata , Stewart Laura S , Batarseh Einas , Hamdan Lubna , Cavallo Steffany J , Swing Ashley M , Garman Katie N , Constantine-Renna Lisha , Chappell James , Payne Daniel C , Vinjé Jan , Hall Aron J , Dunn John R , Halasa Natasha 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
In the United States, surveillance of norovirus gastroenteritis is largely restricted to outbreaks, limiting our knowledge of the contribution of sporadic illness to the overall impact on reported outbreaks. Understanding norovirus transmission dynamics is vital for improving preventive measures, including norovirus vaccine development.

Methods
We analyzed seasonal patterns and genotypic distribution between sporadic pediatric norovirus cases and reported norovirus outbreaks in middle Tennessee. Sporadic cases were ascertained via the New Vaccine Surveillance Network in a single county, while reported norovirus outbreaks from 7 middle Tennessee counties were included in the study. We investigated the predictive value of sporadic cases on outbreaks using a 2-state discrete Markov model.

Results
Between December 2012 and June 2016, there were 755 pediatric sporadic norovirus cases and 45 reported outbreaks. Almost half (42.2%) of outbreaks occurred in long-term care facilities. Most sporadic cases (74.9%) and reported outbreaks (86.8%) occurred between November and April. Peak sporadic norovirus activity was often contemporaneous with outbreak occurrence. Among both sporadic cases and outbreaks, GII genogroup noroviruses were most prevalent (90.1% and 83.3%), with GII.4 being the dominant genotype (39.0% and 52.8%). The predictive model suggested that the 3-day moving average of sporadic cases was positively associated with the probability of an outbreak occurring.

Conclusions
Despite the demographic differences between the surveillance populations, the seasonal and genotypic associations between sporadic cases and outbreaks are suggestive of contemporaneous community transmission. Public health agencies may use this knowledge to expand surveillance and identify target populations for interventions, including future vaccines.
Genome assembly of the common pheasant Phasianus colchicus, a model for speciation and ecological genomics
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Simin , Zhang Nan , Chen De , Que Pinjia , Liu Naijia , Höglund Jacob , Zhang Zhengwang , Wang Biao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) in the order Galliformes and the family Phasianidae, has 30 subspecies distributed across its native range in the Palearctic realm and has been introduced to Europe, North America, and Australia. It is an important game bird often subjected to wildlife management as well as a model species to study speciation, biogeography and local adaptation. However, the genomic resources for the common pheasant are generally lacking. We sequenced a male individual of the subspecies torquatus of the common pheasant with the Illumina Hiseq platform. We obtained 94.88 Gb of usable sequences by filtering out low-quality reads of the raw data generated. This resulted in a 1.02 Gb final assembly, which equals the estimated genome size. BUSCO analysis using chicken as a model showed that 93.3% of genes were complete. The contig N50 and scaffold N50 sizes were 178 kb and 10.2 Mb, respectively. All these indicate that we obtained a high-quality genome assembly. We annotated 16,485 protein-coding genes and 123.3 Mb (12.05% of the genome) of repetitive sequences by ab initio and homology-based prediction. Furthermore, we applied a RAD-sequencing approach for another 45 individuals of seven representative subspecies in China and identified 4,376,351 novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) markers. Using this unprecedented dataset, we uncovered the geographic population structure and genetic introgression among common pheasants in China. Our results provide the first high-quality reference genome for the common pheasant and a valuable genome-wide SNP database for studying population genomics and demographic history.
ACCESS TO CARE ROUNDS: A UNIQUE FORUM FOSTERING HEALTH SYSTEM AND SOCIAL SERVICE PARTNERSHIPS FOR OLDER VETERANS
Authors: Nearing Kathryn A , Lum Hillary D , Kamper Heather , Cannizzaro Kaily A , Bauers Courtney , Sussman Joleen C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Colorado Veteran Community Partnership (VCP) aims to connect Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center front-line teams with diverse community partners to create integrated networks of support for older Veterans with complex needs and their family members and caregivers. To accomplish this goal, VCP launched Access to Care Rounds in January 2018 to build bridges between the healthcare system and community-based organizations. Each Access to Care Rounds features a cross-sector panel that discusses specific efforts to link a medically-complex, older Veteran to resources. This model was developed with stakeholder input and has highlighted topics related to chronic pain management, suicide prevention, homelessness, adult protective services, transportation, home-based primary care, hospice care, and firearm safety. Each Access to Care Rounds focuses on connecting VCP members, sharing expertise and resources, and highlights lessons learned related to care coordination, communication, and key processes that others can adopt/adapt to better serve older Veterans. On average, 30 individuals attend each session. Access to Care Rounds draw diverse audiences representing social services, mental health and other healthcare specialties. The latter include Social Workers (47%), Physicians (11%), Psychologists (8%), Registered Nurses (6%), and students/trainees (6%). Participants receive a description of the Veteran situation; the names, credentials, organizational affiliations and roles/expertise of each panelist; and, a resource list relevant to the constellation of issues addressed to enhance access to information and resources. Over 38% of respondents to session evaluations reported intentions to change their professional practice as a result of what they learned during an Access to Care Rounds.
DEPRESSION AND MEDICAL COST OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Authors: Wang Guijing , Park Chanhyun , Joo Heesoo , Hawkins Nikki , Fang Jing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death worldwide, increases with age. Depression is a prevalent comorbidity with CVD. This study investigates the medical costs of CVD associated with depression using a nationally representative data, 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Patients aged ≥18 were identified by using the International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision codes of 390-459 for CVD and 296 or 311 for depression (N=23,755). Medical costs were actual payments received by providers and classified by service types and payment sources. We estimated the medical costs for each service type and payment source using economic modelling techniques controlling for various potential confounders. Overall prevalence of depression was 11.4%; 17.0% in persons with CVD and 8.7% in persons without CVD (p&lt;0.001). Medical cost with depression was estimated at $6900 (p&lt;0.001) for persons with CVD and $2211 (p&lt;0.001) for those without. Costs on depression-related prescription medicines accounted for the largest portion of medical costs among persons with CVD ($3095, p&lt;0.001). For persons with depression but without CVD, costs on outpatient visits accounted for the largest proportion ($1179, p&lt;0.001). Medicare payments accounted for the largest portion of the depression-associated costs at $3338 (p=0.014) for persons with CVD. Compared with persons without CVD, those with CVD demonstrated doubled rates of depression. Depression-associated medical costs among individuals with CVD were tripled what they were for persons without CVD. Increased costs associated with depression were mainly for prescribed medicines and were financed by Medicare programs for persons with CVD.
CUSTODIAL AND CO-RESIDENT GRANDMOTHERS SERVICE USE AND NEEDS: 10 YEARS APART
Authors: Jeanblanc Alexandra B , Wallace McKenzie , Musil Carol M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The period between 2008 and 2017 spans a period of economic and societal flux in America, including the 2008 recession, the Affordable Care Act, and the emergence of the opioid crisis. These changes have had profound effects on families, including the rise in grandparent-headed and multigenerational households and their financial, resource, and service needs. We compared the service needs and utilization patterns of 334 co-resident grandmothers who were participants in two independent NIH-funded studies of grandmothers raising grandchildren, conducted 10 years apart (2008-2009:n=145 and 2018-2019:n=189) Researchers asked both samples whether they received or had an unmet need for 16 types of services (ex: financial, legal, substance abuse, respite care). There were statistically significant differences between the samples on 8 of 16 services received, and 15 of 16 unmet, but recognized, service needs, with our current sample reporting higher usage and need. The largest percentage increases in need were financial assistance (31.5%), respite care (29.9%), exercise/fitness (26.4%), and family therapy (25%). Although there is a 7% increase in legal services received between the samples, 48.1% of the 2018-19 sample still report unmet legal needs, compared to 16.6% of the 2008-09 sample. We observed a significant difference in an unmet need for help to families dealing with drug and alcohol abuse, with 23% of current participants reporting unmet need, compared to 9% in the prior study. Our results highlight a gap in resources available to grandfamilies and highlight the need for intervention and evaluation research targeting service needs to inform policy change.
EVALUATING A CONSUMER-DIRECTED HEALTH CARE PILOT FOR OLDER PEOPLE IN THE COMMUNITY
Authors: Phelan Amanda A , Duggan Alice , O’Donnell Deirdre , Gerard and Fealy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In an ageing society with a policy focus on community (Oireachtas 2017), providing choice and self-determination in home care provision for older people is fundamental. Consumer directed care has increased in popularity in many countries (Low, Yap & Brodaty, 2011). In 2016, planning began in Community Healthcare Organisation 3 to pilot a CDHC pilot for community based older people. This study presents the findings of this pilot project. The study used the Moore et al.’s (2015) evaluation approach. Data collection methods were via descriptive questionnaires with qualitative investigation of stakeholder experiences as well as an economic review. Findings demonstrated the need for additional clarity in understandings of the CDHC. Care recipients and caregivers did report satisfaction with care, however, it was the accessibility of care rather than choice that was considered important. There were also issues related to capacity to manage the CDHC as well as capacity to give a choice of providers, particularly in rural areas. Although, broadly cost-neutral, processes and structures also require additional alignment to enhance both effectiveness and efficiency. Empowering care recipients and enabling greater choice, flexibility and autonomy in care organisation and delivery was a central focus of the CDHC pilot. However, additional consumer awareness and programme enhancement is needed to fully realize the potential of the CDHC. Study recommendations focus on areas of increased clarity about the CDHC, implementation enhancement, complementarity and incorporation of CDHC with existing home support service provision arrangements
HIGH ON SMI: QUALITY CONCERNS ABOUT NURSING HOMES SERVING HIGH PROPORTIONS OF SERIOUSLY MENTALLY ILL RESIDENTS
Authors: Jester Dylan J , Hyer Kathryn , Bowblis John R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The proportion of nursing home (NH) residents that have serious mental illness (SMI) has increased over the least two decades. Residents with SMI tend be younger and have different medical needs than traditional residents. To better understand this population, our study examined the facility, staffing, and resident characteristics of NHs that were more likely to specialize in SMI. Utilizing the Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reports, low-SMI (N = 3,616) and high-SMI (N = 3,615) NHs were defined as the first and fourth quartile of the distribution of the proportion of SMI residents, respectively. We performed bivariate tests and multivariate logistic regression to compare facility, staffing, resident, and star-ratings characteristics between NHs. High-SMI NHs were less likely to be Not-For-Profit, have fewer beds, have more Medicaid-paying residents, lower registered nurse staffing, and lower certified nurse aide staffing levels (p’s&lt;.001). Residents in high-SMI NHs were more likely to require behavioral healthcare (p&lt;.001) and be treated with psychoactive medications (any psychoactive, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics (p’s&lt;.001), hypnotics (p&lt;.01)). Finally, high-SMI facilities had lower overall quality, health inspection, quality measure, staffing, and registered nurse staffing star-ratings (p’s&lt;.001). High-SMI NHs have characteristics that are associated with lower quality-of-care (e.g., For-Profit, more Medicaid), lower staffing, prescribe more psychoactive medications, and have lower star-ratings. As the SMI population grows, large numbers of SMI residents will concentrate in a few NHs. While further research is needed to understand the implications of these trends, policy-makers must be aware of this population when affecting the resources and staffing of NHs.
PSYCHOSOCIAL STATUS, RESILIENCE, AND DEPRESSION OF OLDER CAREGIVERS IN TAIWAN
Authors: Kuo Tsuann , Ng Hei-Yin , Han Der-Yan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A rapidly increasing older population and changing family structures in Taiwan have resulted in a significant shift in caregiving resources; there are now more older caregivers, and their psychosocial well-being and quality of life may be affected as a result of their new responsibilities. This study used secondary data from the 2018 Survey of Elderly Mental Health (N=1,113) to examine the psychosocial status, resilience, and depression of caregivers who were 65 years old and older. The results showed that the typical older caregiver was 74.15 years old, likely to be married and living with a spouse (63.6%), retired (57.4%), and had a monthly income less than 30,000 NT (30.7%). Compared with caregivers under 65 years of age, older caregivers had higher co-morbidity and lower quality of life as well as greater resilience and higher levels of depression. Both positive emotions (p&lt;0.05) and self-assessed health (p&lt;0.001) were found to be significant variables affecting depression and resilience. And negative emotions (p&lt;0.001) also influenced depression. This study was the first in the nation to tackle issues related to aging caregivers that can identify policy, research, and practice implications to improve the general health and lives of older caregivers. Future research can use the results to explore opportunities for older caregivers that will minimize negative emotions in order to build resilience and combat depression.
DEPRESSION AND HYPERTENSION AS RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AMONG MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS IN CHINA
Authors: Li Lydia , Zhang Zhenmei , Xu Hongwei , Liu Jinyu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objectives: 1) Examine effects of depression and hypertension on cardiovascular events (CV) in a two-year period. 2) Explore urban and rural differences Methods: Data from the first two waves of Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, with a national sample of 14,560 adults age 45+, were used. The dependent variable is whether a CV (defined as heart attack or stroke) occurred between baseline and W2 (1=Yes, 0=No), based on respondents’ report at W2. Depression was dichotomized using a score of 12 on the 10-item CES-D. Hypertension was based on self-report. Logistic regression was conducted. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics and nine other chronic conditions. All independent variables were measured at baseline. Results: About 5.3% (n=768) of the sample had a CV between baseline and W2. Depression increases the risks of CV by 67% for rural (OR=1.67, 95% CI=1.3, 2.12) and 42% for urban respondents (OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.05, 1.91). Hypertension increases the risk by 51% for rural (OR=1.51, 95%CI=1.18, 1.94) but is not statistically significant among urban respondents. Interaction effects of hypertension and residential areas are statistically significant (χ2 (1) = 6.44, p = .01) Conclusion and Discussion: Given the high cost associated with heart attack and stroke, treating depression is an effective approach to reduce health care cost. Hypertension increases the risk of CV for rural but not urban respondents. It may be that hypertension is not as well managed among rural residents as in their urban counterparts. Improving hypertension management among rural residents should be a priority in China.