bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving mealtimes for paediatric intensive care children and families: A quality improvement initiative
Authors: De Monte Malorie , Marty Petit Emilie M. L. , Baudin Florent , Zamor Julia , Ford‐Chessel Carole , Tume Lyvonne N. , Bordet Fabienne , Valla Frederic V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany critically ill children can be fed orally at some point during their paediatric intensive care (PICU) stay, but reduced appetite and other factors may impact their intake. At home, oral feeding is usually delivered by parents, so involving parents more actively during mealtimes in the PICU may contribute to improved patient/family satisfaction.AimTo assess the impact of a new “room service” initiative involving parents on mealtime quality and on both family and health care professional (HCP) satisfaction.MethodsA prospective, single‐centre, before‐and‐after intervention study was designed as part of a PICU quality‐of‐care improvement programme in 2013 to 2016. Two questionnaires assessing oral nutrition practices and family/HCP overall satisfaction were disseminated among the parents of critically ill children capable of oral feeding during their PICU admission and among the whole PICU HCP team (nurses, nurse assistants, and medical doctors). Categorical variables were compared using the chi‐square test, and Likert scales were compared between groups with the Mann‐Whitney‐Wilcoxon test.Resultsthe pre‐intervention surveys were completed by 97 of 130 (75%) HCPs and 52 families and the post‐intervention surveys by 74 of 130 (57%) HCPs and 54 families. After the intervention, a marked improvement was observed in the overall quality of meal service rating by both HCPs and families (medians and IQR: 5 (5‐7) to 7 (7, 8) and 6 (6‐8) to 8 (7‐9), respectively; P < .01) and also in parents' involvement; in children's, families', and HCP satisfaction; in meal‐dedicated facilities and equipment; and in perception that oral nutrition is an important aspect of PICU care.ConclusionsImplementation of an improved “room service” initiative in the PICU was feasible and improved the perceived quality of care and satisfaction around oral feeding. This family‐centred care initiative can be integrated in an overall quality improvement strategy.
Microbiome‐wide association studies reveal correlations between the structure and metabolism of the rhizosphere microbiome and disease resistance in cassava
Authors: Zhang Lin , Zhang Jiachao , Wei Yunxie , Hu Wei , Liu Guoyin , Zeng Hongqiu , Shi Haitao 
Published: October 2020

SummaryCassava is one of the most important staple food crops in tropical regions. To date, an understanding of the relationship between microbial communities and disease resistance in cassava has remained elusive. In order to explore the relationship among microbiome and phenotypes for further targeted design of microbial community, 16S rRNA and ITS of microbiome of ten cassava varieties were analysed, and a distinctive microbial community in the rhizosphere showed significant interdependence with disease resistance. Shotgun metagenome sequencing was performed to elucidate the structure of microbiomes of cassava rhizosphere. Comprehensive microbiome studies were performed to assess the correlation between the rhizosphere microbiome and disease resistance. Subsequently, the metagenome of rhizosphere microbiome was annotated to obtain taxonomic information at species level and identify metabolic pathways that were significantly associated with cassava disease resistance. Notably, cassava disease resistance was significantly associated with Lactococcus sp., which specifically produces nisin. To definitively explain the role of nisin and underlying mechanism, analysis of nisin biosynthesis‐associated genes together with in vitro and in vivo experiments highlighted the effect of nisin on inhibiting the growth of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) and activating immune response in cassava. The new insights between cassava rhizosphere microbiome especially Lactococcus sp. and disease resistance provide valuable information into further control of cassava disease.
In vivo confocal Raman spectroscopic imaging of the human skin extracellular matrix degradation due to accumulated intrinsic and extrinsic aging
Authors: Ali Syed Mehmood 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin aging is a dynamic process that affects the entire body, marked by molecular and structural changes. Type I collagen is the most abundant structural component and accounts 80% of total collagen in human skin. The amount of proline and hydroxyproline reflect the quantity and quality of the collagen fiber in the extracellular matrix of skin, which is alerted due to accumulated effects of intrinsic and extrinsic aging. Extrinsic aging is driven by ultraviolet radiation–induced reactive oxygen species production that activates the matrix metalloproteinase and disrupts the extracellular matrix of skin dermis, while intrinsic aging is the non‐enzymatic process resulting in advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In the presence of pentosidine‐AGEs, aging process is accelerated.MethodIn vivo Raman spectra of human dermis were collected from forearms of 30 volunteers and were divided into three groups: 10 young adult 25 ± 5 years, 10 old adult 65 ± 10 years and 10 diabetic old adult 65 ± 10 years old male participants. Density functional theory was performed to compute the vibration modes of AGEs, pentosidine, and glucosepane.ResultsIn vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy detects the specific changes in the proline and hydroxyproline conformation, collagen fiber degradation of type I collagen and AGE protein contribution to specific Raman bands in the aged dermis because of Intrinsic and Extrinsic aging. Statistical t test marked significant differences (P < .01) in Raman peaks of proline and hydroxyproline among young adult, old adult, and diabetic old adult participants at wavenumbers 855, 875, 922, and 938 cm−1.ConclusionIn vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy is a useful tool to detect the AGE markers in the old adult and diabetic old adult male participants, which interacts with the ultraviolet radiations and accelerates the aging process resulting in the extracellular matrix degradation.
Schizotypy, neuroticism, and saccadic eye movements: New data and meta‐analysis
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth H. X. , Steffens Maria , Harms Christopher , Rossell Susan L. , Gurvich Caroline , Ettinger Ulrich 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDeficits on saccade tasks, particularly antisaccade performance, have been reliably reported in schizophrenia. However, less evidence is available on saccade performance in relation to schizotypy, a personality constellation harboring risk for schizophrenia. Here, we report a large empirical study of the associations of schizotypy and neuroticism with antisaccade and prosaccade performance (Study I). Additionally, we carried out meta‐analyses of the association between schizotypy and antisaccade error rate (Study II). In Study I, N = 526 healthy individuals from the general population aged 18–54 years completed prosaccade and antisaccade tasks as well as the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Schizotypy was significantly associated with increased antisaccade error rate, with the disorganized dimension emerging as strongest predictor (β = .118, p = .007). Neuroticism emerged as a significant predictor for prosaccade gain (β = .103, p = .023) and antisaccade latency (β = .101, p = .025). In Study II, random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed on the published data and those from Study I. Meta‐analyses revealed significant associations (all p ≤ .003) of antisaccade error rate with positive (g = 0.37), negative (g = 0.26), disorganized (g = 0.36) and overall schizotypy (g = 0.37). Overall, the present work replicates the association between antisaccade direction errors and schizotypy. Significant findings from meta‐analyses provide further evidence of the antisaccade error rate as a putative schizophrenia spectrum marker.
Spatial and temporal evolution of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging parameters of peach and apple fruit – relationship with biophysical and metabolic traits
Authors: Musse Maja , Bidault Kévin , Quellec Stéphane , Brunel Béatrice , Collewet Guylaine , Cambert Mireille , Bertin Nadia 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYFruits are complex organs that are spatially regulated during development. Limited phenotyping capacity at cell and tissue levels is one of the main obstacles to our understanding of the coordinated regulation of the processes involved in fruit growth and quality. In this study, the spatial evolution of biophysical and metabolic traits of peach and apple fruit was investigated during fruit development. In parallel, the multi‐exponential relaxation times and apparent microporosity were assessed by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim was to identify the possible relationships between MRI parameters and variations in the structure and composition of fruit tissues during development so that transverse relaxation could be proposed as a biomarker for the assessment of the structural and functional evolution of fruit tissues during growth. The study provides species‐specific data on developmental and spatial variations in density, cell number and size distribution, insoluble and soluble compound accumulation and osmotic and water potential in the fruit mesocarp. Magnetic resonance imaging was able to capture tissue evolution and the development of pericarp heterogeneity by accessing information on cell expansion, water status and distribution at cell level, and microporosity. Changes in vacuole‐related transverse relaxation rates were mostly explained by cell/vacuole size. The impact of cell solute composition, microporosity and membrane permeability on relaxation times is also discussed. The results demonstrate the usefulness of MRI as a tool to phenotype fruits and to access important physiological data during development, including information on spatial variability.
Refining the phylogeny of Crambidae with complete sampling of subfamilies (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea)
Authors: Léger Théo , Mally Richard , Neinhuis Christoph , Nuss Matthias 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCrambidae is a group of moths with more than 10,000 species occurring worldwide that evolved diverse morphological and ecological habits. They can be best recognized by morphological characters of the adult tympanal organ and larval chaetotaxy. We present the first molecular phylogeny of Crambidae including all subfamilies and most tribes. We use available molecular data from two previous studies, and published transcriptomes and genomes, compiling ten genes totalling 11,247 bp. Up to eight genes are sequenced for thirty‐nine additional taxa, with Cathariinae, Cybalomiinae and Linostinae sampled for the first time. Maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian analyses recover topologies mostly agreeing with those of previous studies, with several groupings showing better support. Cathariinaesyn. n.and Cybalomiinaesyn. n.are recovered as ingroup of Glaphyriinae and are consequently synonymized with the latter. Linostinae are either sister to Glaphyriinae or sister to the ‘CAMMSS clade’. Lathrotelinae are recovered monophyletic and as sister to Musotiminae in the Bayesian analysis. Hoploscopinaestat. n.are recovered as sister to ((Crambinae + Erupinaestat. n.) + (Scopariinae + Heliothelinae s. str.)). Evolution of host‐plant preferences is discussed.
Justicia flava leaf extract potently relaxes pregnant human myometrial contractility: a lead plant for drug discovery of new tocolytic drugs
Authors: Bafor Enitome E. , Prendergast Clodagh , Wray Susan 
Published: October 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?Can Justicia flava leaf extract (JF) inhibit human myometrial contractility as was previously shown in mouse myometrium?
What is the main finding and its importance?JF abolished human myometrial contractions and therefore presents as a lead plant in drug discovery studies involving drugs for preterm birth.
AbstractIn the search for new potent therapies for preterm labour, Justicia flava leaf extract (JF) was previously shown to potently inhibit uterine contractility in both pregnant and non‐pregnant mouse uterus. This study took the investigation a step further and investigated the activity of JF on pregnant human myometrial contractility. JF potently inhibited human myometrial contractility in a concentration‐dependent manner. This pilot study provides evidence that JF should be further investigated as a lead plant in the drug discovery of new uterine relaxants.
Neuronal excitability and sensory responsiveness in the thalamo‐cortical network in a novel rat model of isoelectric brain state
Authors: Carton‐Leclercq Antoine , Lecas Sarah , Chavez Mario , Charpier Stéphane , Mahon Séverine 
Published: October 2020

Key points
The neuronal and network properties that persist during an isoelectric coma remain largely unknown.
We developed a new in vivo rat model to assess cell excitability and sensory responsiveness in the thalamo‐cortical pathway during an isoflurane‐induced isoelectric brain state.
The isoelectric electrocorticogram reflected a complete interruption of spontaneous synaptic and firing activities in cortical and thalamic neurons.
Cell excitability and sensory responses in the thalamo‐cortical network persisted at a reduced level in the isoelectric condition and returned to control values after resumption of background brain activity.
These findings could lead to a reassessment of the functional status of the drug‐induced isoelectric state: a latent state in which individual neurons and networks retain to some extent the ability of being activated by external inputs.
AbstractThe neuronal and network properties that persist in an isoelectric brain completely deprived of spontaneous electrical activity remain largely unexplored. Here, we developed a new in vivo rat model to examine cell excitability and sensory responsiveness in somatosensory thalamo‐cortical networks during the interruption of endogenous brain activity induced by high doses of isoflurane. Electrocorticograms (ECoGs) from the barrel cortex were captured simultaneously with either intracellular recordings of subjacent cortical pyramidal neurons or extracellular records of the related thalamo‐cortical neurons. Isoelectric ECoG periods reflected the disappearance of spontaneous synaptic and firing activities in cortical and thalamic neurons. This was associated with a sustained membrane hyperpolarization and a reduced intrinsic excitability in deep‐layer cortical neurons, without significant changes in their membrane input resistance. Concomitantly, we found that whisker‐evoked potentials in the ECoG and synaptic responses in cortical neurons were attenuated in amplitude and increased in latency. Impaired responsiveness in the barrel cortex paralleled with a lowering of the sensory‐induced firing in thalamic cells. The return of endogenous brain electrical activities, after reinstatement of a control isoflurane concentration, led to the recovery of cortical neurons excitability and sensory responsiveness. These findings demonstrate the persistence of a certain level of cell excitability and sensory integration in the isoelectric state and the full recovery of cortico‐thalamic functions after restoration of internal cerebral activities.
European Research Program on Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor
Authors: Kryková M. , Schulenberg T. , Arnoult Růžičková M. , Sáez-Maderuelo A. , Otic I. , Czifrus S. , Cizelj L. , Pavel G. L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe article summarizes the major achievements and scope of the projects supported by the European Commission with the main focus on the supercritical water-cooled reactor, one of the concepts of the Generation IV reactors. The presented projects are focused mainly on the design of the future reactor, the study of the very specific knowledge gaps related to the technology cooled by supercritical water in large-scale installation as well as the small modular reactor type. Major research topics cover the fields of the constructional materials, their corrosion and mechanical stability, validation of the thermal-hydraulic computing codes and design of the future reactor core including the neutronic calculations. Main goals and future direction of the supercritical water-cooled reactor research program are stated to gain as much as possible from the already performed research not only in the nuclear field—but also in the area of fossil-fueled supercritical-water cooled power plants.
Techno-Economic Study on Implementation of Inventory Control Requirements for a Nuclear-Powered Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant
Authors: Osigwe Emmanuel O. , Gad-Briggs Arnold , Obhuo Mafel , Pilidis Pericles 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The use of an inventory control system offers a unique benefit of stable cycle thermal efficiency during part-load operation. This article focuses on the influence of initial inventory tank pressure on the control level using pressure differential as a driving force of the inventory control system. The study also considered the effects of using multiple tanks to increase the overall size of the inventory control tank and the use of insulation to reduce the impact of temperature variation between the compressor discharge temperature and the inventory tank temperature. The second part of this analysis is a cost comparison between the use of multiple tanks and the use of a transfer compressor to achieve high cycle efficiency at continuous part-load operation. The discussions in this paper accentuate the optimum benefit for utilizing an inventory control system for a single-shaft intercooled-recuperated closed-cycle gas turbine plant.
Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Immunotherapy module of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory
Authors: Mendoza Tito , Sheshadri Ajay , Altan Mehmet , Hess Kenneth , George Goldy , Stephen Bettzy , Castillo Lilibeth , Rodriguez Enedelia , Gong Jing , Peterson Christine , Rodon Ahnert Jordi , Fu Siqing , Piha-Paul Sarina A , Pant Shubham , Dumbrava Ecaterina , Yap Timonthy A , Janku Filip , Tsimberidou Apostolia M , Subbiah Vivek , Karp Daniel D , Zarifa Abdulrazzak , McQuinn Lacey M , Cleeland Charles , Hong David S , Naing Aung 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionImmunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of various cancers, but little is known about their symptomatic toxicity. Assessing these symptoms is best accomplished by asking the patients themselves. However, such reports are subjective and may face challenges as bonafide scientific data. Demonstrating the validity of symptom assessment tools, mainly through the reduction of measurement errors, has the potential to improve patient care if these tools are widely adopted. To that end, we present herein the psychometric properties of the Immunotherapy for Early-Phase Trials module of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI-Immunotherapy EPT) in patients receiving various immunotherapies in early phase trials at a major cancer center.MethodsOne hundred forty-five patients completed the inventory at baseline, with 85 of them also doing so after 9 weeks of treatment. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 57.0±12.9 years. Also, 56% of the patients were women, 79% identified as white, and 49% had at least some college education.ResultsThe internal consistency reliability of the MDASI-Immunotherapy EPT was excellent, as the Cronbach’s alphas for all of its subscales were at least 0.88 (range 0.88–0.95). Known-group validity based on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status groupings was excellent at 9 weeks after the start of an immunotherapy trial for the MDASI-Immunotherapy EPT severity (effect size, 0.96) and interference (effect size, 0.82) subscales. We found substantial changes in the symptom items difficulty remembering (effect size, −0.85), fever and/or chills (effect size, −0.63), disturbed sleep (effect size, −0.52), diarrhea (effect size, −0.42), and swelling of hands, legs, or feet (effect size, −0.39).ConclusionsIn conclusion, the MDASI-Immunotherapy EPT is a valid, reliable, and sensitive tool for measuring symptomatic toxicity.
Livestock-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(LA-MRSA) colonisation and infection among livestock workers and veterinarians: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Chen , Wu Felicia 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is an increasing public health concern worldwide. The objective of this study was to calculate a summary odds ratio (OR) of livestock-associated MRSA colonisation and infection in humans, and to determine specific risk factors in livestock production contributing to MRSA colonisation.MethodsWe screened PubMed and Embase for studies published from 2005 to 2019 inclusive, reporting livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA colonisation and infection among livestock workers/veterinarians, their families, and community members not regularly exposed to livestock. The primary outcome of interest was the OR of LA-MRSA colonisation comparing exposed and control groups. Quality was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. A meta-analysis using a random-effects model was conducted to calculate a pooled OR. The heterogeneity in the meta-analysis was assessed using theI²method, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots.ResultsA total of 3490 studies were identified by the search, with 37 studies including 53 matched exposed-control groups and 14 038 participants eligible for the meta-analysis. The pooled OR for LA-MRSA among livestock workers and veterinarians is 9.80 (95% CI 6.89 to 13.95; p=0.000;I2=73.4), with no significant publication bias (Egger’s p=0.66). The OR for swine workers was highest at 15.41 (95% CI 9.24 to 25.69), followed by cattle workers (11.62, 95% CI 4.60 to 29.36), veterinarians (7.63, 95% CI 3.10 to 18.74), horse workers (7.45, 95% CI 2.39 to 23.25), livestock workers (5.86, 95% CI 1.14 to 30.16), poultry workers (5.70, 95% CI 1.70 19.11), and industrial slaughterhouse workers (4.69, 95% CI 1.10 to 20.0).ConclusionsLivestock workers, particularly swine farmers, are at significantly higher risk for LA-MRSA colonisation and subsequent infection. These results support the need for preventive practices to reduce LA-MRSA risk among those who handle and treat livestock.Trial registration numberCRD42019120403.