bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjunctive Subgingival application of Chlorhexidine gel in nonsurgical periodontal treatment for chronic periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Han , Hu Jingchao , Zhao Li 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Subgingival applications of chlorhexidine (CHX) gel are commonly used as an adjunct in nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) for chronic periodontitis (CP). However, there is lack of data supporting the effects of adjunctive CHX gel on clinical outcomes. The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive subgingival administration of CHX gel in NSPT compared to NSPT alone for CP. Methods An electronic search of four databases and a manual search of four journals were conducted up to August 2019. Only randomized controlled trials reporting on the clinical outcomes of subgingival use of CHX gel adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP), as compared to SRP alone or with placebo, for at least 3 months were included. Primary outcomes were probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain at 3 and 6 months, when data on at least three studies were obtained. Results 17 studies were included for qualitative analysis and seven studies for quantitative analysis (four studies for the application of CHX gel adjunct to SRP at selected sites with at least pocket depth≥4mm and three studies for comparison of full-mouth disinfection (FMD) with subgingival use of CHX gel and full-mouth scaling and root planing (FMSRP). For subgroups, the clinical outcomes between adjunctive use of Xanthan-based CHX gel (XAN-CHX gel) and CHX gel were analyzed. Results indicated a significant improvement of PPD reduction following local adjunctive administration of XAN-CHX gel for SRP at selected sites (MD: 0.15mm). However, no difference was found in CAL gain. Moreover, no significant difference was observed in PPD and CAL at both 3 and 6 months post-treatment between FMD and FMSRP. Conclusion Adjunctive subgingival administration of XAN-CHX gel at individual selected sites appears to provide slight benefits in PPD reduction. Due to the lack of high-quality studies, further studies with larger sample sizes and strict standards are needed to confirm the conclusions.
The peanut pods-associated microbiota and their effects on aflatoxin contamination
Authors: Yao Yanpo , Zhang Qi , Mwakinyali Silivano Edson , Gao Suyan , Ding Xiaoxia , Liang Shuqing , Xia Zhongkui , Li Peiwu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Aflatoxin, which is highly carcinogenic and toxic, can seriously threaten the quality and safety of agricultural products, is mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus, which mainly exists in the soil of farmland. However, the correlation between aflatoxin, the microflora and environmental factors that survive in the roots of the plant is currently unknown. In this study, we used peanut-associated microbial populations as a model to address these issues.Results: We illustrated here that peanut pods significantly enriched with fungi and bacteria phyla. In the aflatoxin low pollution area, fungal and bacterial were more abundant than the high-pollution area, and the proportion of bacterial populations negatively correlated with aflatoxin was higher. However, some functions related to microbial-microbial and plant-microbial interactions were significantly enriched in areas with low levels of aflatoxin. Besides, we found that pH, Fe, Zn, P of the soil and temperature and humidity were the main factors that caused the differential composition and functional characteristics of microorganism. They can significantly affect the relationship between microbial flora and Aspergillus flavus and positively regulate aflatoxin production and microbial metabolism pathways, while OM, K, and other elements negatively regulated aflatoxin production and microbial metabolism pathways.Conclusions: The abundance of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin are significantly regulated by the population structure and function of microbiota, and this regulation is primarily affected by soil physical and chemical properties. Our results provide novel insights for understanding the contributions of the community enrichment process of the peanut pod-associated microbiome to the peanut hosts.
Age- and sex-related differences in vertebral bone marrow fat content in healthy adults from east China
Authors: Li qingping , Chen shaoqing , Zhou panpan , Guo anna , Ye peipei , Huang yingying , Yan zhihan , He jiawei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Bone-marrow water–fat composition is a useful imaging biomarker. However, the vertebral bone-marrow fat composition in healthy adults of east China is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in lumbar vertebral bone-marrow fat content between the sexes with age, using iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation quantitation (IDEAL-IQ). Methods Three-hundred-and-twenty-one healthy volunteers (age range 20–29 years: 32/33 men/women; 30–39 years: 40/37; 40–49 years: 21/45; 50–59 years: 26/37; ≥ 60 years: 15/26) were included in the present study. All subjects underwent IDEAL-IQ sequence imaging on a 3.0-T MR scanner. Bone-marrow fat-fraction ratio (FF%) was calculated for each vertebral body from sagittal lumbar images. Men and women were compared within age-groups by independent-samples t -tests, and different age-groups and vertebral segments were compared by Bonferroni post-hoc test. FF% correlations with age and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed with Spearman’s correlation coefficient. FF% and vertebral segment correlations were assessed by partial correlation analysis, after adjustment for sex and age. Results FF% averaged over L1–L5 was significantly higher in men than in women for the < 40-year age-groups ( P = 0.000). Bone-marrow fatty conversion was accelerated in women compared to men aged 40–49 years, but was similar in women and men aged > 60 years ( P > 0.05). FF% correlation with age was weakly positive in men ( r = 0.253, P = 0.003), and moderately positive in women ( r = 0.581, P < 0.001), but was non-significantly correlated with BMI and vertebral segments ( r = 0.218; r = 0.187, respectively). FF% was higher in the lower than in the upper lumbar segments ( P < 0.05). Conclusion IDEAL-IQ can accurately quantify lumbar bone-marrow fat infiltration. This increases with age, and differs between men and women and between lower and upper lumbar segments.
Multiple immune-related adverse events and anti-tumor efficacy: real-world data on various solid tumors
Authors: Shimozaki Keitaro , Sukawa Yasutaka , Beppu Noriko , Kurihara Isao , Suzuki Shigeaki , Mizuno Ryuichi , Funakoshi Takeru , Ikemura Shinnosuke , Tsugaru Kai , Togasaki Kazuhiro , Kawasaki Kenta , Hirata Kenro , Hayashi Hideyuki , Hamamoto Yasuo , Takaishi Hiromasa , Kanai Takanori 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for various types of cancer; however, they cause a broad spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The association between the development of irAEs and the clinical benefit remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the association of irAEs and the treatment efficacy in the real-world practice. Methods We conducted a retrospective study on patients with recurrent or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, or gastric cancer who received anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or atezolizumab) at the Keio University Hospital between September 2014 and January 2019. We recorded treatment-related AEs from medical records and graded them using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4. We performed an overall survival (OS) analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results Among 212 patients eligible for this study, 108 experienced irAEs and 42 developed multiple irAEs. OS in patients with multiple irAEs was significantly longer than that in patients with single irAE (42.3 months vs. 18.8 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25–0.93; P = 0.03). Moreover, OS from the development of a second irAE in those with multiple irAEs was longer than that from the development of the first irAE in patients with single irAEs (median OS, 26.9 months vs. 17.7 months, respectively; HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.30–1.14; P = 0.11). Conclusions Our single-center retrospective study revealed a remarkable tendency associating the development of multiple irAEs with favorable prognoses.
Alternative splicing events implicated in carcinogenesis and prognosis of thyroid gland cancer
Authors: wu zenghong , Zhong Yi , Cai Fu-Cheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Alternative splicing events (ASEs), a critical post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism, expands gene expression patterns, resulting in increased protein diversity and more than 95% of human genes experience AS and encode splice variants in the regular physiological processes. While the role of AS in the thyroid cancer as yet missing, therefore, it was necessary to carry out this study to provide more information about the combination of splicing and clinical parameters, as well as potential mechanism of the survival-related splicing events in thyroid cancer. Materials and methods: Here, we draw all-around AS profiles of thyroid cancer by analyzing RNA-seq data. We also constructed prognostic models via combining splicing signatures and clinicopathological parameters. Splicing network was constructed as a way to offer functional insight into the full practical knowledge of AS in the initiation and development of thyroid cancer. Results: There were 10446 genes, and 45150 AS events in 506 TC patients, which indicates that ASEs are universal in TC. Moreover, 1819 AS signatures were identified to be significantly related to OS of TC patients and among the seven types of ASES, ES was the most common, followed by AP and AT. Kaplan-Meier survival curves results suggested that seven types of ASEs were related to bad prognosis in TC patients (P<0.05). In TC, AA (AUC: 0.937), AD (AUC: 0.965), AT (AUC: 0.964), ES (AUC: 0.999), ME (AUC: 0.999), RI (AUC: 0.837) all demonstrated an AUC over 0.6, of which ES and ME best predict the incidence of TC. We found that age and risk score (All) were risk factors for TC patients. As for ASEs is regulated by SFs, we study if the TC-ASEs were regulated by various SFs and the results demonstrated that the expression of 90 SFs was related to 469 ASEs OS in the TC cohort. Conclusions: In sum, the findings in the current study may provide a basis for spliceosomes in TC, and the methods used in this study could provide novel perspectives in other fields of tumor study to help shed light on future oncology research.
Prognostic value of Ki-67 in patients with hypertension and prostate cancer: A real-world study in a Chinese population
Authors: Cao Zhijun , Xiang Mengqi , Zhang Zhiyu , Zhang Jianglei , Jiang Minjun , Shen Gang , Zhou Yongqiang , Ouyang Jun , Chen Jianjun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in males worldwide, with high mortality, especially when combined with hypertension. Ki-67 is one of the most reliable markers of growth for neoplastic human cell populations. However, the prognostic value of Ki-67 in patients with hypertension and prostate cancer remains unclear.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 296 patients with hypertension and prostate cancer from May 1, 2012, to October 1, 2015. The overall survival was evaluated by Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier analysis. In addition, a nomogram was established, and the accuracy of the model was assessed by a calibration curve.Results A total of 101 (34.1%) patients died. In the multivariate analysis, being Ki-67(+) was associated with a >5-fold increase in the risk of death (hazard ratio [HR] 5.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.35-10.14, p<0.001) and a 2-fold increase in the risk of progression (HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.37-3.10, p<0.001). Multivariate Lasso regression showed that smoking, heart failure, ACS, Ki-67 expression, serum albumin, prognostic nutritional index, surgery, Gealson score, and stage were positively associated with prognosis in patients with prostate cancer. To quantify the contribution of each covariate to the prognosis, a nomogram of the Cox model was generated. The nomogram demonstrated excellent accuracy in estimating the risk of death, with a bootstrap-corrected C index of 0.829. There was also a suitable calibration curve for risk estimation.Conclusions The presence of Ki-67 predicts worsened outcomes for overall mortality. A cross-validated multivariate score including Ki-67 had excellent concordance and efficacy for predicting prostate cancer.
From tobacco smoking to mutational signature: the role of epigenetic changes in human cancers
Authors: Chen Zhishan , Wen Wanqing , Cai Qiuyin , Long Jirong , Wang Ying , Lin Weiqiang , Shu Xiao-ou , Zheng Wei , Guo Xingyi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Tobacco smoking is associated with a unique mutational signature in the human cancer genome. It is unclear whether tobacco smoking -altered DNA methylations and gene expressions affect smoking-related mutational signature.Methods We evaluated the smoking-related DNA methylation sites reported from five previous studies using peripheral blood cells to identify possible target genes. Using the mediation analysis approach, we evaluated whether the association of tobacco smoking with mutational signature was mediated through altered DNA methylation and expression of these target genes.Results Based on data obtained from 21,108 blood samples, we identified 374 smoking-related DNA methylation sites, annotated to 248 target genes. Using data from DNA methylations, gene expressions and smoking-related mutational signature generated from ~7,700 tumor tissue samples across 26 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we found 11 of the 248 target genes whose expressions were associated with smoking-related mutational signature at a Bonferroni-correction P < 0.001. This included four for head and neck cancer, and seven for lung adenocarcinoma. In lung adenocarcinoma, our results showed that smoking increased the expression of three genes, AHRR , GPR15 , and HDGF, and decreased the expression of two genes, CAPN8 , and RPS6KA1 , which were consequently associated with increased smoking-related mutational signature. Additional evidence showed that the elevated expression of AHRR (cg14817490) and GPR15 (cg19859270), were associated with smoking-altered hypomethylations. Lastly, we showed that the elevated expression of HDGF and decreases expression of RPS6KA1, were associated with poor survival of lung cancer patients.Conclusions Our findings provide novel insights into the contributions of tobacco smoking to carcinogenesis through complex molecular mechanisms of the elevated mutational signature by altered DNA methylations and gene expressions.
Hospitalization and Definitive Radiotherapy in Lung Cancer: Incidence, Risk Factors and Survival Impact
Authors: Hazell Sarah Z. , Mai Nicholas , Fu Wei , Hu Chen , Friedes Cole , Negron Alex , Voong Khinh Ranh , Feliciano Josephine L. , Han Peijin , Myers Samantha , McNutt Todd R. , Hales Russell K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Unplanned hospitalization during cancer treatment is costly, can disrupt treatment, and affect patient quality of life. However, incidence and risks factors for hospitalization during lung cancer radiotherapy are not well characterized.Methods Patients treated with definitive intent radiation (≥45 Gy) for lung cancer between 2008 and 2018 at a tertiary academic institution were identified. In addition to patient, tumor, and treatment related characteristics, specific baseline frailty markers (Charlson comorbidity index, ECOG, patient reported weight loss, BMI, hemoglobin, creatinine, albumin) were recorded. All cancer-related hospitalizations during or within 30 days of completing radiation were identified. Associations between baseline variables and hospitalization and overall survival were identified using multivariable linear regression and multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models, respectively.Results Of 270 patients included: median age was 66.6 years (31-88), 50.4% of patients were male (n=136), 62% were Caucasian (n=168). Cancer-related hospitalization incidence was 17% (n=47), of which 21% of patients hospitalized (n=10/47) had >1 hospitalization. On multivariable analysis, each 1 g/dL baseline drop in albumin was associated with a 2.4 times higher risk of hospitalization (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-5.0, P =0.01), and baseline hemoglobin ≤10 was associated with, on average, 2.7 more hospitalizations than having pre-treatment hemoglobin >10 (95% CI 1.3-5.4, P =0.01). After controlling for baseline variables, cancer-related hospitalization was associated with 1.8 times increased risk of all-cause death (95% CI: 1.0-3.1, P =0.04).Conclusions Hospitalization during lung cancer radiotherapy was independently associated with increased mortality. Our data show baseline factors can predict those who may be at increased risk for hospitalization.
Arsenic trioxide ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice through inducing apoptosis of CD4+ T cells
Authors: An Ke , Xue Mengjiao , Zhong Jiaying , Yu Shengnan , Qi Zhongquan , Xia Junjie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of central nervous system characterized by severe demyelination of white matter. There is still no definite cure for MS because of its complex pathogenesis. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an ideal animal model for the study of MS. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an ancient Chinese medicine that is used as a therapeutic application for many autoimmune diseases. It is also used to inhibit acute immune rejection because of its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. However, it is unclear if ATO has a curative effect on EAE, and the underlying mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we attempted to explore the possibility of using ATO to ameliorate EAE in mice. Methods: ATO (0.5 mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally to EAE mice 10 days post-immunization for 8 days. On day 22 post-immunization, the spinal cord, spleen, and blood were collected to analyze demyelination, inflammation, microglia activation, and proportion of CD4 + T cells. In vitro , to further investigate the mechanism that underly the ameliorating effects of ATO in EAE mice, CD4 + T cells were traeted with ATO and then used for apoptosis assay, JC-1 staining, transmission electron microscope, and western bloting. Results: We found that ATO alleviated the severity of EAE in mice. Treatment with ATO also attenuated demyelination, alleviated inflammation, reduced microglia activation and decreased the expression of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in EAE mice. Moreover, the number and proportion of CD4 + T cells in the spinal cord, spleen, and peripheral blood were reduced in ATO-treated EAE mice. Finally, ATO induced CD4 + T cells apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway both in vitro and in vivo . Additionally, the administration of ATO had no adverse effect on liver and kidney function and did not induce apoptosis in the spinal cord. Conclusions: Overall, our findings indicated that ATO plays a protective role in the initiation and progression of EAE and has the potential to be a novel drug in the treatment of MS.
Clinic managers’ perspectives on the sustainable implementation of a decommissioning programme in Sweden: a qualitative study
Authors: Fredriksson Mio , Gustafsson Inga-Britt , Winblad Ulrika 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The sustainability of programmes and interventions is more rarely studied than initial implementation. The aim of this study was to investigate, from a sustainability perspective, the implementation of an extensive decommissioning programme in one of the local health systems in Sweden (a so-called region). Decommissioning may become increasingly relevant because health systems today face many challenges that increase the pressure on existing resources.Methods Interviews were performed with 26 clinic managers 3 years after initial implementation of a decommissioning programme. The analysis was based on a model of potential influences on sustainability by Wiltsey Stirman et al.Results Initial adoption was possible due to the involvement of the clinic managers in developing the programme, which comprised everything from closed and merged units to formalised admission criteria, altered prescription patterns and changed patient pathways. Conditions for sustainability were created by changed and intensified meeting structures that resulted in learning networks and through the clinic managers’ central role balancing the staff’s claims while trying to execute the region leadership’s demands. Factors working against sustainability were, among others, fragmented support from the health system’s central functions for HR and economy, altered local conditions with an escalating staffing crisis, too few follow-ups and a decline in the strategic leadership over the years.Conclusions We conclude that the programme was partly sustained and that the most important influences were intervention fit and modifications (i. innovation characteristics), clinic and health system leadership (ii. context), workforce and champions (iii. capacity) and shared decision-making and relationship building (iv. processes and interactions). Perhaps most important for sustainability was the continuous attention to the health system’s poor economy, visible via a great effort by the clinics to keep their budgets—a change in the culture at the clinics. Furthermore, the study shows that, although unpopular, there are also positive effects of decommissioning from the perspective of the primary implementers, e.g., opportunities to make difficult but necessary changes and increased collegial support when centralising services.