bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stem cell growth and proliferation on RGD bio-conjugated cotton fibers
Authors: Fouzi Mouffouk , Thimma Manjula , BinSabt Mohammad , Husain Ali A. , Aouabdi Sihem 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Merging stem cells with biomimetic materials represent an attractive approach to tissue engineering. The development of an alternative scaffold with the ability to mimic the extracellular matrix, and the 3D gradient preventing any alteration in cell metabolism or in their gene expression patterns, would have many medical applications. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we introduced the use of RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) bio-conjugated cotton to promote the growth and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS: We measured the expression of stem cell markers and adhesion markers with Q-PCR and analyzed the transcriptomic. The results obtained showed that the MSCs, when cultured with bio-conjugated cotton fibers, form aggregates around the fibers while proliferating. The seeded MSCs with cotton fibers proliferated in a similar fashion to the cells seeded on the monolayer (population doubling level 1.88 and 2.19 respectively). RESULTS: The whole genome sequencing of cells adhering to these cotton fibers and cells adhering to the cell culture dish showed differently expressed genes and pathways in both populations. However, the expression of the stem cell markers (Oct4, cKit, CD105) and cell adhesion markers (CD29, HSPG2 and CD138), when examined with quantitative RT-PCR, was maintained in both cell populations. CONCLUSION: These results clearly show the ability of the cotton fibers to promote MSCs growth and proliferation in a 3D structure mimicking the in vivo environment without losing their stem cell phenotype.
Bridging the gap between official statistics and theoretical statistics
Authors: Ndifwa Nelson , Saxena Kuldeep Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Generally, statistics means numerical data or quantitative information in an enquiry. In ancient times, statistics was used as ‘political arithmetic’. Some view it as branch of mathematics while others view statistics as information. Nobody is arguing on the importance of mathematics in studying statistics. Official statistics are statistics published by the government and its agencies to make decisions about society and the economy while theoretical statistics is the application of mathematical knowledge in studying different statistical theories and methods. The importance of official statistics cannot be over-emphasized, but the graduates from many universities in developing countries, are equipped with theoretical statistics with almost no knowledge in official statistics. These graduates need to be first oriented with official statistics within National Statistics Offices (NSOs) to understand the skill, intricacies, and competencies to make sense of statistical information in areas of importance to society. In addition, there is a need to identify gaps and various other aspects related to official statistics, which these graduates should learn, in order to be considered literate in official statistics. This paper aims to address how to bridge the gap between official statistics and theoretical statistics to the statisticians, and hence to ensure that we leave no statistician behind because official statistics matter to all statisticians.
A Quantitative Analysis of Preventive Measures to Mitigate the Infectious Diseases Using SIR model by Optimal Control Technique
Authors: Sultana Jakia , Tanni Samiha Islam , Islam Shamima 
Published: November 2020

Optimal Control Problem with the state equations which describes the standard SIR Model is studied here. We considered the SIR Model with vaccination and without vaccination. We formulated an optimal control problem and derived necessary conditions. Existence of the state and the objective functional are also verified. We also characterized the optimal control by Pontryagin’s maximum principle which minimizes the number of infected individuals and cost of vaccination over some finite period. Whenever the vaccination is carried out for a long period of time, the simulated result effectively works for disease with high transmission rate. Observations from the numerical simulation revels that the infectious diseases are most successfully controlled whenever control strategies were adopted at early stages.
GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 5(1), Dec 2018 P 11-19
Auto Segmentation of Breast Tumor in B-Mode Ultrasound Analysis
Authors: Kabir Shahriar Mahmud , Bhuiyan Mohammed Imamul Hassan 
Published: November 2020

Segmentation or lesion boundary detection in classification of Benign and Malignant breast tumors from B-Mode ultrasound image analysis is a challenging one. In this study, first a suitable frame is chosen by strain and velocity imaging from a raw radio frequency (RF) echo of clinical cases. The consequent B-Mode ultrasound (US) image is calculated and binarized. Finally, the lesion boundary is well-defined by binary dilation technique using MATLAB.
GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 5(1), Dec 2018 P 75-78
Comparison between aspiration and incision and drainage of breast abscess
Authors: Md Fardhus - , Sharfuzzaman AMSM , Dewan Md Nayeem , Kirttania Dipak Chandra , Hasan Ahmed Sami AI , Rab Joy Zakharia 
Published: November 2020

Background: Breast abscess is defined as an acute inflammatory lump which yields pus on incision/aspiration. The frequency of occurrence is highly related to pregnancy and caused due to nipple cracking by a child during breast feeding and bacterial colonization due to improper nursing technique and incomplete emptying of the breast. Objective: The present study compares the outcome and effectiveness of traditional treatment incision and drainage against needle aspiration in the treatment of breast abscess.
Methods: This is a comparative study carried out in department of general surgery, SherE- Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barisal between January 2014 and December 2014. 50 female patients of age between 20-40 years and diagnosed breast abscess with abscess size of 5'7 cm in diameter on ultrasonography were included in the study after taking written consent form. Of these 25 had undergone aspiration of the breast abscess (group A) and 25 had undergone incision and drainage (group B).
Results: The mean age of the female patients in group A was 23.42 years and in Group B was 23.31. 91% of the cases were lactating. S. aureus was the common organism isolated in both lactating and non-lactating cases, encountered in 27 patients (54%). Out of that were in the aspirated group 17patients (56.67%). 10 patients were in the incised group (33.33%). The mean healing time and cosmetic outcome was significantly (p =0.001) very good in patients treated with needle aspiration compared to incision and drainage. There was no recurrence of breast abscess observed in needle aspiration group during the study. There was 3.3% recurrence rate observed in the incision and drainage group.
Conclusion: Breast abscess in patients with diameter of 5'7 cm can be treated with needle aspiration successfully and with a good cosmetic outcome.
Journal of Surgical Sciences (2018) Vol. 22 (1): 11-15
Early Outcome of Open versus Closed Lateral Internal Anal Sphincterotomy in the Treatment of Chronic Anal Fissure
Authors: Zim Hasnat Zaman , Bar Debashish , Sarker Ashok Kumar , Sultana Salma 
Published: November 2020

Background: Chronic anal fissure is a benign disorder that is associated with considerable discomfort. Surgical treatment in the form of lateral internal sphincterotomy has long been regarded as the gold standard of treatment. Two methods of sphincterotomy are currently practiced: open or closed technique.
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the early outcome of closed versus open lateral internal anal sphincterotomy for the treatment of chronic anal fissure, based on the assessment of post-operative pain and complications.
Methods: A comparative study was conducted at the department of surgery in Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, over a period of 6 months from April 2015 to September 2015. A total of 80 patients were purposefully included in this study and were equally divided into two groups; Group A included 40 patients undergone closed lateral internal anal sphincterotomy and Group B included 40 patients undergone open lateral internal anal sphincterotomy. Patients were followed up postoperatively for 6 weeks to assess any complications. The outcomes were compared between the groups using the Chi-square (x2) test and Student's "t" test.
Results: Delayed postoperative healing was found in 7.5% patients of the open lateral internal anal sphincterotomy group. The mean pain score and duration of hospital stay were lower in closed lateral internal anal sphincterotomy group.
Conclusion: Closed lateral internal sphincterotomy is preferred to open technique in the treatment of chronic anal fissure, as it is effective, safe, less expensive, and is associated with low complication rate.
Journal of Surgical Sciences (2018) Vol. 22 (1): 52-57
Lichtenstein Versus Desarda’s Technique of Hernia Repair
Authors: Md Fardhus - , Sharfuzzaman AMSM , Dewan Md Nayeem , Hossain Md Abul , Hasan Ahmed Sami Al , Rab Joy Zauharia 
Published: November 2020

Aim: To compare Desarda’s versus Lichtenstein’s mesh repair in patients with unilateral, primary, reducible inguinal hernia in terms of mean operative time and seroma formation
Methods: This randomized control trial conducted at Department of Surgery, Patuakhali Medical College & Hospital, Patuakhali. Eighty patients with unilateral, primary, reducible inguinal hernia were randomly distributed into two groups to undergo hernia repair i.e. Lichtenstein (L) and Desarda’s (D). Outcome was measured in terms of mean operative time and seroma formation. Seroma formation was defined as presence of enclosed cavity containing serous fluid determined by ultrasonography at 30th post-operative day.
Results: Thirty three patients (41.25%) were above 50 years of age, whereas remaining 47 patients (58.75%) were below 50 years of age. Five patients (6.25%) were female and 75 patients(93.75%) were male. Seroma formation was 5% in Desarda’s group while 7.5% in Lichtenstein group (P> 0.05). Similarly difference in mean operative time was statistically non-significant. Seroma formation was common in older age group. There was no effect of smoking, obesity, operative time and gender on seroma formation. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is no difference in frequency of seroma formation and mean operative time in Desarda’s or Lichtenstein’s technique of hernia repair.
Journal of Surgical Sciences (2018) Vol. 22 (2) : 99-103
Spectrum and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Afroz Sadia , Habib Zakir Hossain , Billah Syed Muhammad Baqui , Akhter Hasina , Jahan Hosne , Parveen Rafia 
Published: November 2020

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections encountered by clinicians particularly in developing countries. Current knowledge on antimicrobial resistance pattern is essential for appropriate therapy. The aim of the present study was to identify the causative organisms for UTI and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of organisms causing UTI.
Method: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Microbiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, from a period of January 2014 to December 2014.
Results: Out of 2136 clinical sample of urine, 430 (20.1%) showed significant bacterial growth. Escherichia coli was the commonest urinary pathogen (76.3%), followed by Pseudomonas spp. (7.9%), Proteus spp. (7.2%), Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp. (1.9% each) and Staphylococcus aureus (1.6%). Isolated uropathogens showed highest resistance for Amoxycillin (86%-97%) and Cefradin (71%-100%), resistance rate for other commonly used antimicrobial agents was high; Cefixime (52%-85%), Ceftriaxone (50%-71%), Ciprofloxacin (50%-88%), Cotrimoxazole (50%-75%), Gentamicin (57%-75%) and Nitrofurantoin (43%-100%), while uropathogens were least resistant to Imipenem (0%-15%) and Amikacin (0%-29%).
Conclusion: Due to high degree of resistance to commonly used antimicrobials to treat UTI, routine monitoring and evaluation studies should be conducted to update physicians’ knowledge about most effective antibiotics for treatment of UTI.
Journal of Surgical Sciences (2019) Vol. 23 (1) : 13-18
Causes and Consequences of Acid Violence among the Victims Attended in Specialized Aacid Survivor center in Dhaka City
Authors: Sharmin Afrina , Humayra Zaman Ummay , Khan Mostafa Amin 
Published: November 2020

Background: Acid burn injuries represent a special type of burn injury, with a pathophysiology depending on the type of acid, concentration, strength, quality, duration of contact, and penetration power. The consequence of acid attacks on survivors brings dramatic change in their lifestyle. The alarming increase of acid-throwing cases for the last 2 decades in Bangladesh is a cause of concern which led to its study.
Objective: To describe the causes and consequences of acid violence among the acid burn victims in a specific center of Bangladesh.
Methods: This is a cross sectional type of study conducted over a period of one year from December 2013 to November 2014 at Acid Survivors Foundation, Mirpur, Dhaka. 121 victims of acid violence were included in the study. Data collected by interviewing the patients using semi structured questionnaire which were later edited and analysed.
Results: Among the respondents 25.6% (n= 31) were in the age group of 11 – 20 years, followed by 24.8% (n= 30) in the age group of 31 – 40 years. Causes of Threw Acid is 40.4% (49) cases were due to refusal of love or marriage proposal, in 27.3 (33) cases were due to dowry. Majority of cases affected on chest (62.0%), upper limb (58.7%), face (53.7%), neck (47.9%), back trunk (27.3%), lower limb (24.8%), abdomen (24.0%). Out of 121 patients 62.85% (n=44) needed single surgery, 28.57% (n=20) needed multiple setting surgery and 56.2% heal with minor scar, 25.6% had neck contracture, 21.5% had deformity in face. 81.0% are suffering from both anxiety and depression, 11.6% from anxiety alone and 7.4% from depression alone.
Conclusion: A comprehensive effective, integrated, and gender specific medico-legal support for acid violence survivors should be ensured throughout the country.
Journal of Surgical Sciences (2019) Vol. 23 (1) : 29-32
Haemobilia of a 17 Years Girl Following Road Traffic Accident
Authors: Hoque Md Rajibul , Alievna Mostakim Maria , Rahman Ayesha , Talukder Md Tuhin , Saha Tapan Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Haemobilia is a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, which develops as a result of communication between blood vessel and biliary tract. It should be considered in patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding with prior history of blunt trauma abdomen. We present a case of 17 years girl who sustained blunt trauma abdomen due to road traffic accident. She developed hematemesis & melena with bleeding from the wound after laparotomy for liver injury. Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract revealed blood coming from ampulla of vater. CT angiography of abdomen showed pseudoaneurysm in a branch of right hepatic artery. Patient recovered completely after therapeutic embolization.
Journal of Surgical Sciences (2019) Vol. 23 (1) : 40-42
Laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia: Prospective evaluation at a tertiary care center
Authors: Rahman ABM Mahbubur , Alam Tamjeed , Alam AHM Shamsul , Ferdaus Fahim , Uddin Gazi Gias 
Published: November 2020

Background: Treatment of groin hernias continues to evolve. The emergence of laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery has challenged the conventional gold standard Lichtenstein’s tension free mesh repair. Laparoscopic technique to achieve surgical correction over groin hernia is increasingly being practiced in our country, and it is imperative to test the overall outcome of this technique in a tertiary care setting.
Objectives: Current study was aimed at evaluating the per-operative events, early and late outcomes of laparoscopic groin hernia repair techniques. End points of evaluation were postoperative pain, hospital stay, resumption of normal activities, chronic pain and recurrence.
Methods: Within a 2-year period, 45 patients of groin hernias of different clinical types underwent laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in Bangladesh Medical College Hospital were recruited in this prospective observational study. Preoperative findings, intraoperative course, postoperative and follow-up data were analyzed to evaluate the outcomes. Observations were made regarding operating time, operative hazards, postoperative pain, incidence of early post-operative morbidities, hospital stay, resumption of activities. Total 24 months follow-up was carried out with regards to normal activity, late complications notably chronic groin pain and recurrence.
Results: The mean age of 38.1±11.1 years, 27(60%) patients underwent TEP repair whereas, TAPP procedure was carried out in 18 patients (40%). For unilateral hernia repair using TEP technique, mean operative time was 50.3±4.2 mints and 61.7±5.3 mints for direct and indirect variety (D/I), with the corresponding rates for TAPP repair being 65.0±2.2 mints and 72.8±3.2 mints (D/I) respectively. Conversion rate to other operative procedure was 6.67%. The overall surgery related early post-operative morbidity was 7.4% (TEP) and 16.8% (TAPP). 3 out of 45 patients (6.67%) experienced chronic pain in the groin in the study. However, there was no single incidence of recurrence observed during the follow up period.
Conclusion: Laparoscopic groin hernia repair techniques are safe and feasible, offers the benefits of minimally invasive surgery and becoming the procedure of choice specially for bilateral and recurrent inguinal hernias.
Journal of Surgical Sciences (2019) Vol. 23(2): 54-58
Validation of LRINEC (Laboratory Risk Indicators for Diagnosis of Necrotizing Fasciitis) Scoring System for the Diagnosis of Necrotizing Fasciitis
Authors: Mohim Md Nur Alam , Bhuiya MA Hashem , Rahman AZM Mahfuzur , Islam Md Mahmudul , Bhuiya Masfique Ahmed 
Published: November 2020

Background : Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare but potentially fatal infection involving the subcutaneous tissue and fascia. Different classifications and terminology has been used in NF based on affected anatomy, microbial cause and depth of infection. Clinical scores like the laboratory risk indicators for NF (LRINEC) scores are available to help diagnose NF and differentiate it from other skin and soft tissue infections.
Methods : A total of 100 patients were included in the study between January 2014 to June 2014. This prospective study was done on patients admitted in surgery department of DMCH with symptoms suggestive of soft tissue infections during the study period.
Results : Mean age was found 46.5(±13.8) years in severe cellulitis and 50.9(±9.8) years in necroting fasciitis (p>0.05). Male were predominant (60%). 80% of NF had DM. The validation test for LRINEC score e”6 vs necrotizing fasciitis had sensitivity of 66%, specificity 84%, accuracy 75%, positive and negative predictive values were 80.49% and 71.19% respectively. Mortality of NF was 6%.
Conclusion : The LRINEC score is an impressive diagnostic tool to distinguish necrotizing fasciitis from other severe soft tissue infections, but it is not useful for early recognition of necrotizing fasciitis.
Journal of Surgical Sciences (2019) Vol. 23(2): 75-80
Manejo ortodóncico-periodontal de recesión gingival
Authors: Urtubia Manríquez Constanza , García Izquierdo Cristóbal , Alarcón Azócar Carolina 
Published: November 2020

Restaurar la posición dentaria y la salud periodontal es esencial en ortodoncia y periodoncia. Los objetivos de este artículo fueron evaluar un caso clínico mediante el análisis de la relación de los movimientos dentales y las recesiones gingivales, determinar el momento oportuno para la realización de la cirugía mucogingival y nombrar las posibles etiologías del movimiento dental indeseado a causa de un retenedor fijo. Presentamos un informe de 30 meses de seguimiento de una paciente, cuya queja principal fue sobre un cambio progresivo en la posición dental asociado con una recesión gingival, a pesar de un retenedor fijo de un tratamiento ortodóncico previo. Se indicó retratamiento de ortodoncia y cirugía periodontal para cubrir el defecto por recesión. Luego del tratamiento, se concluyó que los movimientos dentales pueden desencadenar, agravar o mejorar las recesiones gingivales, por lo que es importante una evaluación previa individual. El momento de la cirugía mucogingival depende de la dirección del movimiento, los tejidos circundantes y el fenotipo periodontal del paciente.
Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyzed by Carbon-Supported Platinum Few-Atom Clusters: Significant Enhancement by Doping of Atomic Cobalt
Authors: Lu Bingzhang , Liu Qiming , Nichols Forrest , Mercado Rene , Morris David , Li Ning , Zhang Peng , Gao Peng , Ping Yuan , Chen Shaowei 
Published: November 2020

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) plays an important role in dictating the performance of various electrochemical energy technologies. As platinum nanoparticles have served as the catalysts of choice towards ORR, minimizing the cost of the catalysts by diminishing the platinum nanoparticle size has become a critical route to advancing the technological development. Herein, first-principle calculations show that carbon-supported Pt
9
clusters represent the threshold domain size, and the ORR activity can be significantly improved by doping of adjacent cobalt atoms. This is confirmed experimentally, where platinum and cobalt are dispersed in nitrogen-doped carbon nanowires in varied forms, single atoms, few-atom clusters, and nanoparticles, depending on the initial feeds. The sample consisting primarily of Pt
2~7
clusters doped with atomic Co species exhibits the best mass activity among the series, with a current density of

4.16

A

mg

Pt

−
1

at +0.85 V vs. RHE that is almost 50 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C.
Ablation threshold and crater morphology of amorphous and crystalline SiO2 glass for extreme ultraviolet femtosecond pulses
Authors: Shibuya T. , Sakaue K. , Ogawa H. , Dinh T.-H. , Satoh D. , Terasawa E. , Washio M. , Tanaka M. , Higashiguchi T. , Ishino M. , Kubota Y. , Inubushi Y. , Owada S. , Nishikino M. , Kobayashi Y. , Kuroda R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The ablation threshold fluence and crater morphology of amorphous and crystalline SiO2 glass were analyzed in the regime of an extreme ultraviolet femtosecond pulse. Despite the difference between the densities (or optical penetration depths) of amorphous and crystalline SiO2 glass, the ablation threshold fluences and crater morphologies were found to be comparable. In addition, we compared our experimental results at a 10.3 nm wavelength with those in a previous work at a 13.5 nm wavelength. We conclude that the impact of the difference in density or optical penetration depth of several tens of percent on the ablation process is limited.