bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 2021 battery technology roadmap
Authors: Ma Jianmin , Li Yutao , Grundish Nicholas S , Goodenough John B , Chen Yuhui , Guo Limin , Peng Zhangquan , Qi Xiaoqun , Yang Fengyi , Qie Long , Wang Chang-An , Huang Bing , Huang Zeya , Chen Linhui , Su Dawei , Wang Guoxiu , Peng Xinwen , Chen Zehong , Yang Junliang , He Shiman , Zhang Xu , Yu Haijun , Fu Chaopeng , Jiang Min , Deng Wenzhuo , Sun Chuan-Fu , Pan Qingguang , Tang Yongbing , Li Xianfeng , Ji Xiulei , Wan Fang , Niu Zhiqiang , Lian Fang , Wang Caiyun , Wallace Gordon G , Fan Min , Meng Qinghai , Xin Sen , Guo Yu-Guo , Wan Li-Jun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sun, wind and tides have huge potential in providing us electricity in an environmental-friendly way. However, its intermittency and non-dispatchability are major reasons preventing full-scale adoption of renewable energy generation. Energy storage will enable this adoption by enabling a constant and high-quality electricity supply from these systems. But which storage technology should be considered is one of important issues. Nowadays, great effort has been focused on various kinds of batteries to store energy, lithium-related batteries, sodium-related batteries, zinc-related batteries, aluminum-related batteries and so on. Some cathodes can be used for these batteries, such as sulfur, oxygen, layered compounds. In addition, the construction of these batteries can be changed into flexible, flow or solid-state types. There are many challenges in electrode materials, electrolytes and construction of these batteries and research related to the battery systems for energy storage is extremely active. With the myriad of technologies and their associated technological challenges, we were motivated to assemble this 2020 battery technology roadmap.
A performance degradation prediction approach for turbo-generator bearing considering complex working conditions based on clustering indicator and self-optimized deep learning model
Authors: Duan Ran , Zhou Jianzhong , Liu Jie , Xu Yanhe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The reliability of turbo-generator bearings affects the stability and safety of power plants. To detect early symptoms of failure, prediction of the performance degradation of turbo-generator bearings is particularly important. At present, most related research relies on accelerated degradation test platforms; however, the industrial field environment and complex working conditions may affect practical application. In this study, a performance degradation prediction approach for turbo-generator bearings considering complex working conditions based on a clustering indicator and a self-optimized deep learning model (SODLM) is proposed. First, the Dirichlet process-Gaussian mixture clustering model is introduced to construct the performance degradation indicator (PDI) of the turbo-generator. Then through introducing the hyper-parameter constraint, the hyper-parameter influence significance comparison mechanism, and the minimum training epoch, an improved hyperband (IH) is established to realize the automatic tuning of the hyper-parameters in the prediction model. Furthermore, the SODLM is constructed based on the IH and a stacked one-dimensional convolutional neural network. Finally, the performance degradation trend of a turbo-generator bearing in a practical industrial field is successfully predicted through the proposed approach. The experimental analysis demonstrates that the proposed PDI avoids the influence of sampling frequency and complex working conditions. Compared with traditional optimization algorithms and prediction models, the proposed performance degradation prediction approach demonstrates better accuracy and stability.
Design of n+-base width of two-terminal-electrode vertical thyristor for cross-point memory cell without selector
Authors: Lee Byoung-Seok , Kim Min-Won , Kim Ji-Hun , Yoo Sang-Dong , Shim Tae-Hun , Park Jea-Gun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The n+-base width of a two-terminal vertical thyristor fabricated with n++(top-emitter)-p+(base)-n+(base)-p++(bottom-emitter) epitaxial Si layers was designed to produce a cross-point memory cell without a selector. Both the latch-up and latch-down voltages increased linearly with the n+-base width, but the voltage increase slope of the latch-up was 2.6 times higher than that of the latch-down, and the memory window increased linearly with the n+-base width. There was an optimal n+-base width that satisfied cross-point memory cell operation; i.e. ∼180 nm, determined by confirming that the memory window principally determined the condition of operation as a cross-point memory cell (i.e. one half of the latch-up voltage being less than the latch-down voltage and a sufficient voltage difference existing between the latch-up and latch-down voltages). The vertical thyristor designed with the optimal n+-base width produced write/erase endurance cycles of ∼109 by sustaining a memory margin (I

on

/I

off
) of 102, and the cross-point memory cell array size of 1024 K sustained a sensing margin of 99 %, which is comparable with that of current dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). In addition, in the cross-point memory cell array, a ½ bias scheme (i.e. a memory array size of 1024 K for 0.02 W of power consumption) resulted in lower power consumption than a

1
/
3

bias scheme (i.e. a memory array size of 256 K for 0.02 W of power consumption).
Laser photonic nanojets triggered thermoplasmonic micro/nanofabrication of polymer materials for enhanced resolution
Authors: Elkarkri Yahya , Li Xiaolai , Zeng Binglin , Lian Zhaoxin , Zhou Ji , Wang Yuliang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Micro/nanofabrication of polymer materials is of interest for micro/nanofluidic systems. Due to the optical diffraction limit, it remains a challenge to achieve nanoscale resolution fabrication using an ordinary continuous-wave laser system. In this study, we therefore propose a laser photonic nanojet-based micro/nanofabrication method for polymer materials using a low-power and low-cost continuous-wave laser. The photonic nanojets were produced using glass microspheres. Moreover, a thermoplasmonic effect was employed by depositing a gold layer beneath the polymer films. By applying the photonic nanojet triggered thermoplasmonics, sub-micrometer surface structures, as well as their arrays, were fabricated with a laser power threshold value down to 10 mW. The influences of the microsphere diameters, and thicknesses of gold layers and polymer films on the fabricated microstructures were systematically investigated, which aligns well with the finite-difference time-domain simulation results.
Systematic simulation studies on the penetration of resonant magnetic perturbations in an Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak
Authors: Zhang H W , Lin X , Ma Z W , Zhang W , Bagwell T E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The penetration properties of the n = 1 resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) with toroidal rotation are systematically studied by the upgraded three-dimensional toroidal magnetohydrodynamic code CLTx, through both linear and nonlinear simulations. It is found that in the presence of toroidal plasma rotation, the saturation state for high resonant harmonics is obtained in linear simulations due to the mode becoming unlocked from the internal magnetic islands. In nonlinear simulations, nonlinear effects become important when the toroidal plasma rotation is not included. The zonal component resulting from the nonlinear mode coupling is necessary for the saturation of the whole system including the internal kink mode and the m /n = 2/1 tearing mode. The simulations of RMP penetration demonstrate that the mode coupling is associated with the toroidal effect rather than nonlinear effects. With a low resistivity

η
0

=

10

−
9

∼

10

−
8

close to the experimental value, the single-harmonic-RMP is hard to penetrate the mode-rational surface because of the plasma screening effects, resulting in a truncation of the radial mode structure. On the other hand, the non-resonant components in the multiple-harmonic-RMP could largely reduce the effect of the plasma shielding, which leads to that the RMP is able to penetrate deeply into the central plasma region through the poloidal harmonic coupling.
Review and current status: E ⇌ H mode transition in low-temperature ICP and related electron dynamics
Authors: Mitsui Yu , Makabe Toshiaki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is essential to investigate the electron dynamics, particularly electron heating mechanisms in order to elucidate the bidirectional E ⇌ H transition in a low-temperature inductively coupled plasma (ICP), sustained by a radiofrequency (RF) power. E ⇌ H transitions are fully 2D or 3D phenomena, and non-invasive optical spectroscopy is appropriate for such studies. One example is a 1D-t image during one RF period. Another example is a 2D or 3D snapshot at each phase of the transition, captured using in computerized emission tomography. Most studies have been performed in argon, oxygen, or their mixture in an ICP driven at 13.56 MHz. In the present paper we review and explore the past three decades of research into the electron dynamics related to plasma sustenance at each phase of the E–H and H–E transitions, including our new results. The hysteresis of the internal plasma parameters as a function of external parameter is discussed in terms of a change of species density, particularly long-lived metastables in plasma in the bidirectional E–H transition.
Flow control and separation delay in morphing wing aircraft using traveling wave actuation
Authors: Olivett Anthony , Corrao Peter , Karami M Amin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study examines the biomimicry of wave propagation, a mode of locomotion in aquatic life for the use-case of morphing aircraft surfaces for boundary layer control. Such motion is theorized to inject momentum into the flow on the upper surface of airfoils, and as a consequence, creates a forcible pressure gradient thereby increasing lift. It is proposed that this method can be used to control flow separation and reduce the likelihood of stall at high angles of attack. The motivation for such a mechanism is especially relevant for aircraft requiring abrupt maneuvers, and especially at high angles of attack as a safety measure against stalling. The actuation mechanism consists of lightweight piezoelectric ceramic transducers placed beneath the upper surface of an airfoil. An open-loop system controls surface morphing. A two-dimensional Fourier Transform technique is used to estimate traveling to standing wave ratio, which is verified analytically using Euler Bernoulli beam theory, and experimentally using a prototype wing. Propagating wave control is tuned and verified using a series of scanning laser vibrometry tests. A custom two-dimensional NACA 0018 airfoil tests the concept in a low-speed wind tunnel with an approximate Reynolds Number of 50 000. Both traveling waves and the changes in lift and drag will be experimentally characterized.
A conceptual study of a high gradient trapped field magnet (HG-TFM) toward providing a quasi-zero gravity space on Earth
Authors: Takahashi Keita , Fujishiro Hiroyuki , Ainslie Mark D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work, we propose a new concept of a high gradient trapped field magnet (HG-TFM). The HG-TFM is made from (RE)BaCuO bulk superconductors, in which slit ring bulks (slit-TFMs) are tightly stacked with TFM cylinders (full-TFMs), and state-of-the-art numerical simulations were used to investigate the magnetic and mechanical properties in detail during and after magnetization. A maximum value of the magnetic field gradient product of

B
z

⋅

d

B
z

/

d

z

= 6040 T2 m−1 was obtained after conventional field cooled magnetization (FCM) with an applied field, B
app, of 10 T of the HG-TFM with 60 mm in outer diameter and 10 mm in inner diameter. This value may be the highest value ever reported compared to any other magnetic sources. The

B
z

⋅

d

B
z

/

d

z

value increased with decreasing inner diameter of the HG-TFM and with increasing B
app during FCM. The electromagnetic stress in the HG-TFM during the FCM process mainly results from the hoop stress along the circumferential direction. The simulations suggested that there is no fracture risk of the bulk components during FCM from 10 T in a proposed realistic configuration of the HG-TFM where both TFM parts are mounted in Al-alloy rings and the whole HG-TFM is encapsulated in a steel capsule. A quasi-zero gravity space can be realized in the HG-TFM with a high

B
z

⋅

d

B
z

/

d

z

value in an open space outside the vacuum chamber. The HG-TFM device can act as a compact and cryogen-free desktop-type magnetic source to provide a large magnetic force and could be useful in a number of life/medical science applications, such as protein crystallization and cell culture.
Beyond Fermi’s golden rule in free-electron quantum electrodynamics: acceleration/radiation correspondence
Authors: Pan Yiming , Gover Avraham 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this article, we present a unified reciprocal quantum electrodynamics (QED) formulation of free-electron and quantum–light interaction. For electron–light interactions, we bridge the underlying theories of photon-induced near-field electron microscopy, laser-induced particle accelerators, and radiation sources, such as quantum free electron laser, transition radiation and Smith-Purcell effect. We demonstrate an electron–photon spectral reciprocity relation between the electron energy loss/gain and the radiation spectra. This ‘acceleration/radiation correspondence’ (ARC) conserves the electron energy, and photon number exchanged, that is, ΔE/ℏω + Δν

q
= 0, and in the representation of a quantum electron wavepacket, displays explicit dependence on the history-dependent phase and shape of the wavepacket configuration. It originates from an interaction-induced quantum interference term that is usually ignored in Fermi’s golden rule analyses, but is kept in our combined quantum free electron–photon state formulation. We apply this formulation to both stimulated interaction and spontaneous emission of classical and quantum light by the quantum-featured electrons. The ‘spontaneous’ emissions of coherent states (‘classical’ light) are remarked and squeezed states of quantum light is shown to be enhanced with squeezing. This reciprocal QED formulation has promise for extensions to other fundamental research issues in quantum light and quantum matter interactions.
Response analysis of six-parameter fractional constitutive model
Authors: Yang Su-Mei , Duan Jun-Sheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a six-parameter fractional constitutive model was investigated by using the Laplace transform and its complex inverse formula. Our model includes all of the four types of viscoelasticity by the different values of two coefficients. We expressed the creep compliance and relaxation modulus as infinite real integrals which can be numerically calculated readily by the built-in numerical quadrature command of MATHEMATICA 11. Also, the infinite integration in the form of

∫

0

+
∞

P
(
r
)

e

−
rt

dr

is convenient for numerical computation and theory analysis. Finally, the stress responses to harmonic strain were considered and the stress-strain hysteresis loops were displayed.
Magneto-hydrodynamic flow of Reiner-Philippoff fluid: Stability analysis
Authors: Ishaq Airal , Algehyne Ebrahem A , Ahmad Adeel , Mallawi Fouad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Analysis of magneto-hydrodynamic flow of classical non-Newtonian fluid, Reiner-Philippoff fluid, over magnetized plate is conducted numerically in this article. The mathematical model incorporates the non-linear stress deformation behavior of Reiner-Philippoff fluid and set of Maxwell’s equations to discuss the behavior of non-Newtonian fluid in a magnetic field. Boundary layer equations are obtained assuming the Reynolds and magnetic Reynolds numbers to be large enough for magnetic and momentum boundary layers to have developed. The correlation expressions for skin friction and magnetic flux on the surface for different flow and magnetic field parameters are developed by performing linear regression on numerical data. Stability analysis is conducted as well to analyze the effects of magnetic field and fluid nature on the stability of the flow.
The interaction among kink, breather and lump in the (2+1)-dimensional completely generalized Hirota-Satsuma-Ito equation
Authors: Zijia Wang , Zhaqilao  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A (2+1)-dimensional completely generalized Hirota-Satsuma-Ito equation is studied. Based on the Hirota bilinear method, multi-kink solutions are obtained. The higher-order lump solutions are obtained by the long-wave limit approach. By selecting the complex conjugate parameters conditions for multi-kink solutions, the multi-breather solutions are constructed. Moreover, ten kinds of interaction solutions consisted of three waves for kink, breather and lump are obtained. Some dynamical behaviors of the solutions obtained in the paper are shown by figures.
The solutions of Dirac equation on the hyperboloid under perpendicular magnetic fields
Authors: Kızılırmak Duygu Demir , Kuru Şengül 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, firstly it is reviewed how the solutions of the Dirac-Weyl equation for a massless charge on the hyperboloid under perpendicular magnetic fields are obtained by using supersymmetric (SUSY) quantum mechanics methods. Then, the solutions of the Dirac equation for a massive charge under magnetic fields have been computed in terms of the solutions which were found before for the Dirac-Weyl equation. As an example, the case of a constant magnetic field on the hyperbolic surface for massless and massive charges has been worked out.
MHD stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluid over a permeable cylinder with homogeneous and heterogenous reaction
Authors: Nasir Saleem , Shah Zahir , khan Waris , Alrabaiah Hussam , Islam Saeed , Khan Saima Naz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This investigation is addressed to examine the comparative consequence of thermal radiation and heat generation/absorption in steady three-dimensional MHD (Magneto-hydrodynamics) stagnation point flow of (MWCNTs + Cu/engine oil) hybrid nanofluid over a porous circular cylinder. Flow via thermal slip effect is inspected. Also, the impact of both homogeneous/heterogeneous (h–h) chemical reactions are considered for explanation of mass transportation characteristics. Here, a kind of hybrid nanofluid including MWCNTs (multi wall carbon nanotubes) and Cu(Coper) nanoparticles with engine oil as base fluid is used. Appropriate transformation procedure is implemented for renovating model expression of continuity, momentum, energy, mass transportation and boundary conditions into a set of ODEs. HAM (Homotopy Analysis Method) methodology is then employed to solve these nonlinear coupled ODEs. Furthermore, the influence of inserting model factors on velocities, temperature fields, C

f
(skin friction coefficient) and Nu (Nusselt number) has been investigated numerically and graphically. The core outcome specifies that hybrid nanofluid (MWCNTs + Cu + engine oil) improve thermal conductivity when equated with nanofluid (MWCNTs + engine oil).
Establishing waveguide lines as primary standards for scattering parameter measurements at submillimetre wavelengths
Authors: Ridler N M , Johny S , Salter M J , Shang X , Sun W , Wilson A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed assessment of two rectangular metallic waveguide lines in order that they can be used as primary standards to provide metrological traceability for electrical scattering parameter measurements at submillimetre wavelengths. The assessment comprises a series of dimensional measurements to determine the overall quality of the lines in terms of the waveguide aperture size and alignment. This is followed by electrical measurements to confirm the electrical behaviour of the lines. Finally, the lines are employed as standards to calibrate a vector network analyser which is used to measure devices to verify the performance of the lines as calibration standards, in operando. The waveguide size is WM-380, which operates from 500 GHz to 750 GHz.
Legacy effects of loss of beavers in the continental United States
Authors: Wohl Ellen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Through their modifications of channels and floodplains, beavers are a premier example of ecosystem engineers. Historical and stratigraphic records suggest that hundreds of millions of beavers once modified small to medium rivers throughout the northern hemisphere. Where beavers actively modify the channel and floodplain with dams, ponds, and canals, their activities increase habitat abundance and diversity, biodiversity, nutrient uptake, attenuation of downstream fluxes of water and sediment, and resilience of the river corridor to disturbances. Loss of beavers through commercial trapping and habitat modification occurred simultaneously with other human modifications of uplands and river corridors. The cumulative effects of these human modifications have been to greatly reduce the ecosystem services provided by rivers. Contemporary efforts to re-introduce beavers in North America and Eurasia and to mimic the effects of beaver engineering with beaver dam analogues and Stage 0 restoration represent a good start, but fundamental questions remain about the extent of such restoration efforts needed to create and maintain significant increases in riverine functions.
Self-organization scheme for balanced routing in large-scale multi-hop networks
Authors: Badiu Mihai-Alin , Saad David , Coon Justin P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We propose a self-organization scheme for cost-effective and load-balanced routing in multi-hop networks. To avoid overloading nodes that provide favourable routing conditions, we assign each node with a cost function that penalizes high loads. Thus, finding routes to sink nodes is formulated as an optimization problem in which the global objective function strikes a balance between route costs and node loads. We apply belief propagation (its min-sum version) to solve the network optimization problem and obtain a distributed algorithm whereby the nodes collectively discover globally optimal routes by performing low-complexity computations and exchanging messages with their neighbours. We prove that the proposed method converges to the global optimum after a finite number of local exchanges of messages. Finally, we demonstrate numerically our framework’s efficacy in balancing the node loads and study the trade-off between load reduction and total cost minimization.
Synthesis, structural and thermal characterization of silica glasses containing BaO, SrO and ZnO oxides
Authors: Atamnia Kamel , Satha Soufyane , Satha Hamid , Gonon Maurice François 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Alternatives to lead crystal glass were initially selected from CD-ROM ‘interglad’ data, and then elaborated. These samples have properties closer to those of conventional lead crystal, are completely lead free. In this study, vitrifiable mixtures based on silicon, barium, strontium and zinc oxides were melted at 1450 °C, annealed at 580 °C, and characterized by x-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Calorimetric Thermal Analysis (DSC). X-ray diffraction confirms the amorphous character of all investigated glasses. The vibration bands are identified by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. These results highlight the influence of glass composition on structural properties. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) were determined by differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC). The obtained results vary from 546.8 °C to 632.6 °C, confirming the effect of the composition on the thermal properties.