bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An accurate and efficient semiautomated approach to counting birds: Estimating Northern Gannet colony size in Canada
Authors: Walker Jacob , Avery Trevor S. , St‐Pierre Francis , Rail Jean‐François , Quinn Danielle E. A. , English Matthew , Avery‐Gomm Stephanie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractImproving the efficiency of population monitoring and conservation programs is beneficial, so long as the accuracy of the information collected is not diminished. The need to expeditiously estimate the population size of seabird colonies is especially acute during mass mortality events when aerial surveys can provide information quickly on the extent of effects and total mortality. In 2022, the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus caused outbreaks at most Northern Gannet Morus bassanus colonies worldwide, killing tens of thousands of gannets in eastern Canada. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy and efficiency of a semiautomated method using the free software CountEm for counting Northern Gannet nests by reanalyzing 13 years of aerial photographs from past population surveys (2009–2020 and 2022). The CountEm program uses a geometric sampling method which overlays a grid of quadrats onto photographs in which the user counts objects of interest. We developed a protocol that generated population estimates that are accurate enough to support population management objectives (i.e., within 2%–5% of manual counts) and outline additional ways to improve CountEm accuracy. Additionally, using CountEm was 1100% more efficient than manually counting based on counting time. Since CountEm relies on human identification of objects to be counted, our methods, results, and conclusions are transferable to any taxa that form large aggregations and can be identified and counted in photographs.
CuII and ZnII Complexes with 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole‐5‐Thiomethyl‐Based Diamide
Authors: Zimmermann Londero Ana Júlia , Abram Ulrich , Roca Jungfer Maximilian , Denise Schwade Vânia 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe diamide ligand, N,N’‐bis(5‐thiomethyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,6‐pyridinedicarboxamide (H2L) in its solvate form has two planar acetylamino groups, which are twisted slightly from the plane of the 5‐thiomethyl‐thiadiazole rings. The ligand reacts with: (i) copper(II) salts forming binuclear and pentanuclear compounds; (ii) zinc(II) acetate leading to an anionic trinuclear complex. The molecular structures of [Cu2(μ‐H2O)(L)2] (1), [Cu5(dmf)(μ3‐OH)2(L)3(Lb)]0.8[Cu5(μ3‐OH)2(L)3(Lb)]0.2 ⋅ 0.5DMF⋅H2O (2) and [Zn(H2O)2(dmf)4][Zn3(μ3‐OH)(L)3]2 ⋅ 2DMF ⋅ H2O (3) (where {Lb}2− represents the partially hydrolyzed ligand) were confirmed by X‐ray diffractometry. We have found that compound 1 can exist as two tautomers: the aqua bridge in [Cu2(μ‐H2O)(L)2] and the hydroxy bridge in [Cu2(μ‐OH)(HL)(L)]. All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and ESI mass spectrometry as well as FT‐IR, Raman and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. The luminescence properties of H2L⋅DMF and compound 3 were investigated. Compound 3 has strong fluorescence with the emission band centered at 508 nm, and fluorescence lifetime of 1.44 ns. The potential of chalcogen bonding interactions in aroylamidothiadiazoles and their compounds is discussed based on DFT calculations. The cis‐ketone‐configuration of oxygen and sulfur is energetically favored over other potential rota‐ and tautomers. Most importantly, the deprotonation of the ligand increases the O ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ S interaction strength due to a larger negative charge at oxygen leading to increased conformational stability in the coordination compounds. A massively increased delocalization of the nitrogen atoms lone pair in the deprotonated state compared to the protonated state, however, may be the main reason for the observed conformation.
Impact of Dietary Mineral and Vitamin Supplementation on Meat Quality and Nutritional Profile and Gene Expression in Goats
Authors: Verma Arun K. , Rajkumar V. , Kumar Ravindra , Gururaj K. , Singh Tarun Pal , Kushwah Tanuja , Chatli Manish Kumar 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the impact of dietary supplementation with different forms of minerals and vitamins on growth, carcass cum meat qualities, and gene expression in Barbari goat kids. Four groups of goat kids (six kids in each group) of 6–7 months were fed different diets for 120 days: a basal diet (Group A), a basal diet with vitamins and inorganic minerals (Group B), a basal diet with vitamins and organic minerals (Group C), and a basal diet with vitamins and nano minerals (Group D). Growth parameters, carcass, meat qualities, and expression of genes relevant to growth, metabolism, antioxidant activity, and myogenesis were assessed. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among the groups in growth and carcass quality. Meat from supplemented groups had a lower cooking loss (except Group B) and higher pigments and vitamins. Group D had lower (p < 0.05) meat yellowness, and Group C had higher shear force. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher Fe, Zn, and Se were recorded in Group C and D meats. Fatty acid profile of meat was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by dietary treatments, and Group D meat had higher (p < 0.05) saturated fatty acid (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and n‐6 PUFA. The supplementation influenced the expression of the studied genes.Practical Application: Intake of desirable macro‐ and micronutrients through dietary means is always preferred over supplements. Meat, including from goat, rich in unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega fatty acids, Fe, Zn, Se, and vitamins A and E, can help address nutritional deficits and wellbeing, thus having a greater consumer preference and market potential. The present research showed that the supplementation of vitamins and organic and nano trace elements increased their contents in meat, besides improvements in animal growth, muscle mass, and fatty acid profile. Higher costs of organic and nano‐minerals may be a limiting factor for their application in goat production. However, this could be countered by upscaling their production, better absorption, bioactivities, animal growth performance, desirable meat quality and healthier nutrient profile, lower dose rate, and eco‐friendly nature. The upregulation of the studied genes indicates interaction between supplemented micronutrients and genes, besides highlighting the possible mode of action. Thus, this approach could be very promising in the production of meat with an improved fatty acid profile and rich in trace elements and vitamins.
Complex Fracture Networks Prohibit Safe Fracturing Fluid Recovery
Authors: Makki S. , Yehya A. , Maalouf E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe recovery of fracturing fluid (HF), necessary for subsurface energy production and carbon storage, is generally low, raising concerns about HF fate in the subsurface and its potential to contaminate water aquifers. This study examines the migration of fracturing fluid and tracks its distribution in fractured reservoirs using a two‐dimensional finite element model that accommodates multi‐phase and multi‐component flow. The influence of fracture network complexity and its temporal evolution—driven by pressure changes—on fracturing fluid recovery is assessed. Results indicate that increasing network complexity leads to greater fluid loss into the formation. Furthermore, the relationship between subsurface permeability structure and recovery is complex; recovery rates increase with the permeability of faults but decrease as the permeability of the layers surrounding the HF zone increases. The research also underscores the significant role of pressure‐dependency of permeability, particularly how fractures and cracks behave during high‐pressure injection and subsequent release, in influencing flow‐back recovery. These fractures and cracks typically open under high pressure and may close or only partially reopen once the pressure decreases, trapping the fluid. This phenomenon helps explain the commonly observed low fluid recovery rates. Additionally, the study finds that the time required for trapped fracking fluid to migrate to nearby aquifers ranges from a few months to hundreds of years, emphasizing the need to consider the long‐term impacts of hydraulic fracturing practices. The associated environmental risks may take several years to become apparent or detectable.
The RNA Binding Protein Bcas2 is Required for Antibody Class Switch in Activated‐B Cells
Authors: Chen Yu , Sun Siyuan , Lu Chenxu , Li Yixuan , Fang Bing , Tang Xiangfeng , Li Xuepeng , Yu Weiru , Lei Yumei , Sun Longjie , Zhang Ming , Sun Jiazeng , Liu Ping , Luo Yongting , Zhao Xingwang , Zhan Jing , Liu Libing , Liu Rong , Huang Jiaqiang , Yi Ziwei , Yu Yifei , Xiao Weihan , Ding Zheng , Li Lei , Su Dan , Ren Fazheng , Cao Changchang , Wang Ran , Shi Wenbiao , Chen Juan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn children, hyper‐IgM syndrome type 1 (HIGM1) is a type of severe antibody disorder, the pathogenesis of which remains unclear. The antibody diversity is partially determined by the alternative splicing (AS) in the germline, which is mainly regulated by RNA‐binding proteins, including Breast cancer amplified sequence 2 (Bcas2). However, the effect of Bcas2 on AS and antibody production in activated B cells, the main immune cell type in the germline, remains unknown. To fill this gap, we created a conditional knockout (cKO, B cell‐specific AID‐Cre Bcas2fl/fl) mouse model and performed integrated mechanistic analysis on alternative splicing (AS) and CSR in B cells through the RNA‐sequencing approach, cross‐linking immunoprecipitation and sequencing (CLIP‐seq) analysis, and interactome proteomics. The results demonstrate that Bcas2‐cKO significantly decreased CSR in activated B cells without inhibiting the B cell development. Mechanistically, Bcas2 interacts with SRSF7 at a conservative circular domain, forming a complex to regulate the AS of genes involved in the post‐switch transcription, thereby causing broad‐spectrum changes in antibody production. Importantly, we identified GAAGAA as the binding motif of Bcas2 to RNAs and revealed its essential role in the regulation of Bcas2‐dependent AS and CSR. In addition, we detected a mutation of at the 3’UTR of Bcas2 gene in children with HIGM1 and observed similar patterns of AS events and CSR in the patient that were discovered in the Bcas2‐cKO B cells. Combined, our study elucidates the mechanism by which Bcas2‐mediated AS affects CSR, offering potential insights into the clinical implications of Bcas2 in HIGM1.
Computational Insights Into Nanoscale Heat Dynamics of Chemically Reactive and Magnetized Carreau Hybrid Bio‐Nanofluid Using a Multilayer Supervised Neural Computing Scheme
Authors: Darvesh Adil , Suksamran Jeerawan , Sirisubtawee Sekson 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe use of well‐designed nanoparticles in blood fluid can enhance heat transfer during medical interventions by improving thermophysical characteristics. It enables for targeted heat delivery to specific sites by increasing surface area for better heat exchange, which is crucial in more efficient treatments. The current attempt emphasizes on the enhanced thermal transport mechanism in an aluminium alloy suspended Copper‐based blood nanofluid over an inclined cylindrical surface containing motile gyrotactic microbes. The Carreau fluid viscosity model is implemented to expose the intricate nature of bio‐nanofluid, while the heating source is used to simulate the bio‐convective heat transport mechanism. In addition, the viscosity of hybrid bio‐nanofluids exhibits temperature effects that depend on nanoparticle volume friction dependencies related to the dynamics of spherical and cylindrical shapes with distinct shape factors. The physical generated system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is derived and then transformed into a dimensionless system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity functions. The resulting system is reduced into first‐order differential equations and a numerical solution is obtained by using a hybrid computational procedure. The trend of fluid profiles is examined by mean of governing parameters. Results are interpreted via tabular data and MATLAB visualization. It is observed that gravity and surface friction impede the flow direction with inclined magnetic field orientation which causes a decrease in velocity and an increase in the temperature profile. A declining trend is noted in the microbe profile due to higher values of the Peclet number and numeric growth in the value of the motile microbe's factor. Heat transport rate and drag force coefficients for both spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles differ by reasonable amounts. The proposed results build a bridge between traditional computational‐based simulations and advanced ANN‐based approaches, establishing a robust foundation for advanced applications in biomedical engineering.
Heating Differentiates Pecan Allergen Stability: Car i 4 Is More Heat Labile Than Car i 1 and Car i 2
Authors: Brown C. Nacaya , Dupre Rebecca A. , Ebmeier Christopher C. , Patil Shaina , Smith Brennan , Mattison Christopher P. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPecans are a staple in American cuisine and may be eaten raw but are often roasted or baked. Heating can alter pecan protein content and pecan allergen solubility. Three seed storage proteins (Car i 1, Car i 2, and Car i 4) commonly act as allergens and are recognized by IgE from pecan allergic individuals. Time resolved changes in the solubility of pecan allergens in response to heat were assessed by SDS‐PAGE, immunoblot, and mass‐spectrometry. Whole pecans from three different commercial sources were roasted for up to 24 min in an oven at 300◦F. Relatively smaller proteins such as Car i 1 remained soluble even after 24 min of heating and were stably observed by SDS‐PAGE, immunoblot, and mass‐spectrometry. However, the solubility of higher molecular mass proteins such as Car i 2 and Car i 4 decreased after 20 and 24 min of heating as reflected in SDS‐PAGE and decreased antibody binding on immunoblot. Nonetheless, mass‐spectrometric peptide characterization indicated that Car i 2 peptides remained relatively stable throughout heating. In contrast, Car i 4 was relatively more sensitive to heating and produced relatively fewer heating‐insensitive peptides. A set of heat‐resistant peptides for the reliable detection of three pecan allergens, Car i 1, Car i 2, and Car i 4, were identified.
From Apathy to Allyship: Does Discrimination Awareness Received From Cross‐Race Friends Facilitate Racial Allyship at Work?
Authors: Ragins Belle Rose , Ehrhardt Kyle 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLeveraging theories from the friendship, contact, and collective action literatures we examine the effects of a unique learning function of cross‐race friendships—discrimination awareness—on workplace allyship. Using field and experimental designs, we found that this function of cross‐race friendships creates a sense of moral outrage that motivates Whites to engage in and support allyship at work. This function predicted allyship behaviors and was resilient to ally risk, which reflects organizational sanctions for voicing concerns about racism. Robustness tests showed that other forms of interracial contact (positive/negative contact; residential, family, and work group diversity) had little effect on allyship and the effects of this friendship function held when we controlled for them. This function also contributed explanatory power beyond individual differences in race‐related ideologies and personality traits, such as social dominance orientation and beliefs in the malleability of prejudice. The relationship lens offered here brings new theoretical traction to the field of allyship and illustrates the potential of cross‐race friendships as sources of learning and agents for organizational change.
Associated Factors in Terms of Having Multiple Sex Partners in Nepal: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Acharya Devaraj , Sharma Mohan Kumar , Adhikari Ramesh , Khatri Bishnu Bahadur , Panta Naveen , Tripathi Krishna Prasad , Sharma Laxmi Kanta , Nepal Pramshu , Ghimire Sumant 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsA sex partner is considered to someone with whom a person engages in sexual activity. This could be casual partner or interpersonal relationship, depending on the context. An individual who engages in a sexual relationship with more than one partner, either simultaneously or consecutively, is considered to have multiple sex partners. This study aims to determine the factors and behaviors that lead to having multiple sex partners in Nepal.MethodsThis study utilized secondary data from a nationally representative “Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2022.” A multistage, probability proportional sampling, cross‐sectional method was used. A total of 4913 men between the ages of 15 and 49 years from 476 different clusters were surveyed. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out using SPSS 25 version, and (p < 0.05) was considered statistically significant.ResultsIn this study, it was found that 55.2% of the population had multiple sexual partners based on the reported number of sexual partners a men has had since becoming sexually active. Significant factors associated with having multiple sexual partners included the age of the respondents, province, level of education, religion, ethnicity, use of the internet, occupation, wealth index combined, ecological region, current working status, and area of residence. Respondents aged between 20 and 24 years and those between 25 and 29 years are more likely to have multiple sex partners (crude Odds Ratio (cOR) = 1.570; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.113–2.215) and (cOR = 1.505; 95% CI: 1.076–2.112), even after adjusting for other all compounding variables, than those from other age groups, keeping all other variables constant. After age, province, ethnicity, occupation, and area of residence of the respondents were significant predictors linked to having multiple sex partners.ConclusionTo be engaged with just one or more partners in sexual activity is a personal choice; however, the risks associated with having multiple sexual partners should be taken into account.
Multiple Large Shareholders and Controlling Shareholders' Equity Pledging
Authors: Yan Caiyu , Li Rui , Li Juan , Zhang Min 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTControlling shareholders essentially engage in equity pledging with the goal of promoting their own self‐interest, but few studies have explored the mechanisms that can restrict this activity. By reference to a sample of Chinese firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen A‐share markets from 2007 to 2022, we find evidence indicating that the presence of active multiple large shareholders has a significant constraining effect on controlling shareholders' equity pledging. Furthermore, we conduct deep analyses of this situation in terms of its timing, path and economic consequences. Specifically, the timing analysis reveals that active multiple large shareholders can moderate the equity pledging on the part of controlling shareholders that results from the separation between cash flow and control rights as well as excess goodwill. The path analysis reveals that active multiple large shareholders can decrease controlling shareholders' equity pledging by motivating management and reducing press coverage. Finally, the economic consequence analysis reveals that active multiple large shareholders can decrease tunnelling among controlling shareholders and reduce the risk of future stock price crashes resulting from equity pledging.
Differential reinforcement and stimulus fading without escape extinction to teach cooperation with nasal swab tests
Authors: Briere MaKenzie L. , Janetzke Shawn , Fleck Chelsea R. , Bourret Jason C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA nasal swab test is commonly used to detect the presence of respiratory viruses, such as SARS‐COV2 or influenza. Some individuals with autism spectrum disorder may display challenging behavior during these types of tests, which may interfere with safe and successful test completion. Research has shown that differential reinforcement without escape extinction combined with stimulus fading can be effective to increase cooperation with other types of medical tasks (e.g., blood draws). The purpose of the current study was to systematically replicate the procedures described in Stuesser and Roscoe (2020) to increase cooperation with nasal swab tests with five participants with autism spectrum disorder in a group‐home setting in the context of an urgent global pandemic. Differential reinforcement was effective for one participant, and the addition of stimulus fading was effective for the remaining four participants. All five participants continued to cooperate with the nasal swab test during follow‐up probes.
Co‐Rumination as a Moderator Between Best‐Friend Support and Adolescent Psychological Distress
Authors: van der Mey‐ Baijens Steffie , Vuijk Patricia , Bul Kim , van Lier Pol A. C. , Sijbrandij Marit , Maras Athanasios , Buil Marieke 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionCo‐rumination, characterized by excessively discussing problems and dwelling on negative affect within a dyadic friendship, has been associated with adolescents' symptoms of depression, anxiety and perceived stress‐collectively referred to as psychological distress. This study explored whether co‐rumination moderates the association between perceived best friend support and psychological distress.MethodsThe study included 187 adolescents (52.9% girls; 88.0% Dutch ethnic background) recruited from two cohorts between March 2017 and July 2019. Assessments took place at two time points: symptoms of depression, anxiety, and perceived stress were assessed via self‐report measures at the final grade of primary school (T1; Mage = 11.8 years) and in secondary school (T2; Mage = 13.3 years). Co‐rumination and perceived best friend support were measured via self‐report in secondary school.ResultsFindings indicate that best friend support was associated with lower psychological distress and conversely, co‐rumination was associated with higher psychological distress while adjusting for prior distress symptoms. Moderation analysis revealed that moderate levels of co‐rumination (relative to the samples mean) decreased the positive effects of perceived best friend support on symptoms of depression (B = 0.06, SE = 0.03, 95% CI [0.00, 0.11], p = 0.05, β = 0.11) and perceived stress (B = 0.06, SE = 0.01, 95% CI [0.03, 0.08], p = 0.000, β = 0.10). At very high levels of co‐rumination (relative to the samples mean), best friend support exacerbates perceived stress.DiscussionThis study underscores the potential negative impact of co‐rumination in supportive peer relationships and recommends promoting awareness of the risk of co‐rumination while building a repertoire of (dyadic)emotion regulation strategies.