bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraindividual comparison between 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and mpMRI for intraprostatic tumor delineation in patients with primary prostate cancer: a retrospective analysis in 101 patients
Authors: Spohn Simon , Jaegle Chiara , Fassbender Thomas F. , Sprave Tanja , Gkika Eleni , Nicolay Nils H. , Bock Michael , Ruf Juri , Benndorf Matthias , Gratzke Christian , Grosu Anca L. , Zamboglou Constantinos 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Accurate delineation of intraprostatic gross tumor volume (GTV) is mandatory for successful fusion biopsy guidance and focal therapy planning of prostate cancer (PCa). Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is the current gold standard for GTV delineation; however, prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET) is emerging as a promising alternative. This study compares GTV delineation between mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA-PET in a large number of patients using validated contouring approaches.

Methods
One hundred one patients with biopsy-proven primary PCa who underwent mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA-PET within 3 months before primary treatment were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical parameters (age, PSA, Gleason score in biopsy) were documented. GTV based on MRI and PET images were delineated; volumes measured and laterality determined. Additionally, biopsy data from 77 patients was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed using concordance in laterality as the endpoint.

Results
In total mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA-PET detected 151 and 159 lesions, respectively. Median GTV-MRI (2.8 ml, 95% CI 2.31–3.38 ml) was significantly (p < 0.0001) smaller than median GTV-PET (4.9 ml, 95% CI 3.9–6.6 ml). 68Ga-PSMA-PET detected significantly more bilateral lesions than mpMRI (71 vs 57, p = 0.03). Analysis of patients with bilateral lesions in biopsy showed a significant higher concordance of laterality in 68Ga-PSMA-PET (p = 0.03). In univariate analysis, PSA level and volume of GTV-MRI had an impact on concordance in laterality (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01), whereas in multivariate analysis, only GTV-MRI volume remained significant (p = 0.04).

Conclusion
MpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA-PET detect a similar amount of PCa lesions. However, GTV-PET had approximately twice the volume (median 4.9 ml vs 2.8 ml) and detected significantly more bilateral lesions than mpMRI. Thus, 68Ga-PSMA-PET gives highly important complementary information. Since we could not find any strong evidence for parameters to guide when 68Ga-PSMA-PET is dispensable, it should be performed additionally to MRI in patients with intermediate and high-risk PCa according to D’Amico classification to improve GTV delineation.
Failure after proximal humeral fracture osteosynthesis: a one year analysis of hospital-related healthcare cost
Authors: Dauwe Jan , Walters Gregory , Holzer Lukas A. , Vanhaecht Kris , Nijs Stefaan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The issue of rising healthcare costs and limited resources is a topic of worldwide discussion over the last several decades. We hypothesized that failure of proximal humeral fracture osteosynthesis is presumed to be an important determinant in healthcare resources and related costs. The aim of this study was to calculate the total hospital-related healthcare cost of proximal humeral fracture osteosynthesis over one year focusing on failure.

Methods
A total of 121 patients with a proximal humeral fracture treated by angular stable osteosynthesis were included in this retrospective study. All hospital-related healthcare costs were investigated. Five main hospital-related cost categories were defined: hospitalization cost, honoraria, day care admission, materials, and pharmaceuticals.

Results
A total healthcare cost of € 1,139,448 was calculated for the whole patient group. Twelve patients needed revision surgery due to complications or fixation-related failure. This failure rate alone costed € 190,809 of the healthcare resources. In other words, failure after proximal humeral fracture osteosynthesis costed 17% of the total healthcare expenditure inone year.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that a high amount of hospital-related healthcare resources is spent because of failure after proximal humeral fracture osteosynthesis. Further research is necessary and should investigate on how to prevent failure. This is not only in the patient’s interest, but it is also of great importance for maintaining a healthy healthcare system.
Outcomes of computer-assisted peri-acetabular osteotomy compared with conventional osteotomy in hip dysplasia
Authors: Imai Hiroshi , Kamada Tomomi , Miyawaki Joji , Maruishi Akira , Mashima Naohiko , Miura Hiromasa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAim of the studyTo compare the outcomes after computer-assisted peri-acetabular osteotomy (PAO) and conventional PAO performed for hip dysplasia (DDH).MethodsNinety-one patients (98 hips) were enrolled in this study. In each case, DDH was treated with either conventional PAO, in which the angle and direction of the osteotomy was determined by intra-operative X-ray examination, or with computer-assisted PAO, which used the 3D navigation system. Forty hips underwent conventional PAO and 58 hips underwent computer-assisted PAO.ResultsJapanese Orthopaedic Association hip scores improved significantly from 70.0 points pre-operatively to 90.7 points post-operatively in patients with conventional PAO, and from 74.5 points pre-operatively to 94.2 points post-operatively in patients with computer-assisted PAO. In all patients with computer-assisted PAO, the post-operative AHI and VCA angle were within the radiographic target zone. Some patients with conventional PAO had post-operative AHI and VCA angle outside of the target zone. We performed total hip arthroplasty (THA) on five of the 98 PAO hips (5.1%) after an average follow-up period of 5.4 years. None of 58 hips (0%) with computer-assisted PAO was revised.DiscussionComputer-assisted PAO enabled intra-operative confirmation of osteotomy sites, and the position of the osteotomized bone fragment could be confirmed in real time. Adequate anterior and lateral coverage of the femoral head in patients with computer-assisted PAO resulted in no need for early conversion to THA, in contrast to conventional PAO.ConclusionComputer-assisted PAO not only improved accuracy and safety but also achieved sufficient anterior and lateral displacement to prevent the progression of DDH.
BRAFV600E Mutation is Associated with an Increased Risk of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Recurrence
Authors: Enumah Samuel , Fingeret Abbey , Parangi Sareh , Dias‐Santagata Dora , Sadow Peter M. , Lubitz Carrie C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPapillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy and one of the most common cancers worldwide. However, the optimal timing and frequency of surveillance to assess for recurrence remain undetermined. As the incidence of thyroid cancer continues to rise worldwide, identifying risk factors for recurrence and investigating intervals and durations of surveillance are paramount to adapt treatment and follow‐up plans to high‐risk individuals and to reduce interventions for low‐risk patients.MethodsOur dataset included an unselected cohort of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients who underwent a total thyroidectomy (or unilateral then completion thyroidectomy) at a single institution from 2000 to 2007. BRAF genotyping was performed on available specimens by a validated PCR‐based assay. Pathologic structural recurrence was the primary outcome. We performed univariate and multivariable analyses to identify predictors of cancer recurrence.ResultsIn total, 599 patients underwent complete resection of the thyroid gland for PTC. The cohort was young (mean age 45.0 years), predominately female (n = 462, 76.9%), and median follow‐up was 10.3 years (IQR 5.4–12.2). Recurrence occurred more commonly in the BRAFV600E group (18.6 vs. 9.9%, p = 0.02). BRAF independently predicted PTC recurrence (HR 2.81, p = 0.006).ConclusionsBRAF mutation is an independent predictor of papillary thyroid carcinoma long‐term recurrence. Understanding molecular characteristics of individual thyroid cancers may help risk‐stratify patients and direct them toward more appropriate initial care and long‐term surveillance strategies.
Deadly injuries through recoilless anti-tank weapons while military shooting practice—two case studies from Germany and Switzerland
Authors: Jellinghaus Katharina , Scherer Charlotte , Stauffer Edouard , Urban Petra , Bohnert Michael , Kneubuehl Beat P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this casuistry, two accidents from Germany and Switzerland are presented that happened during the shot of recoilless anti-tank weapons. In both cases, the injuries led to the death of two soldiers: A 22-year-old soldier in Germany was struck by the counter mass of a so-called Davis gun which had been fired by a comrade during a firing exercise; he died from his severe injuries, especially in the abdominal part of the body. As a peculiarity of the wound morphology, it was found to be a thick-layered, metallic, gray material in the wound cavity, which corresponded to the material of the counter mass that was ejected opposite to the shooting direction. The other case took place in Switzerland, where a 24-year-old soldier was seriously injured during an exercise with portable anti-tank rockets. At the time the shot was fired, he stood behind the launcher and was hit by the propulsion jet of the rocket motor. He died as well from his severe injuries, which were located at the chest done by the gas jet and by the very high pressure. In both cases, two different causes of death were present: massive blunt violence in the first case versus a jet of hot gases of very high speed and temperature in the second case.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combine with normothermic machine perfusion to improve rat donor liver quality—the important role of hepatic microcirculation in donation after circulatory death
Authors: Yang Liu , Cao Huan , Sun Dong , Hou Bin , Lin Ling , Shen Zhong-Yang , Song Hong-Li 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDonation after circulatory death (DCD) can expand the donor pool effectively. A gap remains in outcome between DCD livers and living donor livers, warranting improved DCD liver quality and urgent resolution. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) can regulate immunity, participate in the anti-inflammatory response, and secrete cytokines. We investigated the effect of BMMSCs combined with normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) on DCD liver quality, and the role of microcirculation therein. Rat thoracic aortas were clipped to obtain DCD livers, and a rat NMP system was established. The DCD livers were grouped by preservation method: normal, static cold storage (SCS), NMP (P), and BMMSCs plus NMP (BP); storage time was up to 8 h. Liver function in outflow perfusate was detected by biochemical methods; liver tissue histopathology was observed by hematoxylin–eosin staining; hepatocyte ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy; hepatocyte apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling; liver microcirculation–related indicators were detected by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Compared with SCS, P and BP significantly improved liver function and liver histological damage, reduced hepatocyte apoptosis, and repaired hepatocyte mitochondrial damage after 6 h in vitro. BP also significantly inhibited intrahepatic macrophage activation and intercellular adhesion, improved endothelial damage, and significantly improved endothelin 1–nitric oxide balance and microcirculation perfusion. In conclusion, BP can improve DCD liver microcirculation and quality. The mechanism may be the improvement of improve hepatic sinusoidal endothelial injury and microcirculation perfusion by inhibiting macrophage activation and intercellular adhesion.
Importance of stem photosynthesis in plant carbon allocation of Clusia minor
Authors: Kocurek Maciej , Kornas Andrzej , Wierzchnicki Ryszard , Lüttge Ulrich , Miszalski Zbigniew 
Published: April 2020

AbstractKey messageRestricted access of light for stems reduced carbon acquisition there and limited the biomass growth of the roots.AbstractLight access can affect the microatmosphere within stems, creating favourable conditions for photosynthesis. We tested the hypothesis that stem photosynthesis modifies carbon allocation within plants and also can affect root growth. To verify this hypothesis, parts ofClusia minorL.stems were covered with dark material for 8 months to block light access to stems, and then, we compared morphological traits, biomass increment, photosynthetic activity and carbon isotopic signature (δ13C) in plants with dark- and light-exposed stems.Clusia minorstems were characterized by chlorophyll presence from pith to cortex, active photosystem II and 79% re-assimilation of respired CO2. We also revealed 24-h changes in the δ13C of carbohydrates exported from leaves. Keeping stems in darkness led to a significant lowering in root biomass and shoot-to-root weight index (Iw). Moreover, reductions in stem CO2efflux and the δ13C in the roots and stems were also observed. Our results indicate that the lack of stem photosynthesis affects photosynthate flux to heterotrophic organs, such as roots, stems and probably expanding leaves.
Sensitivity of magnetic resonance tomographic angiography for detecting the degree of neurovascular compression in trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Hao Yun-bo , Zhang Wei-jie , Chen Min-jie , Chai Ying , Zhang Wen-hao , Wei Wen-bin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Neurovascular compression (NVC) is hypothesized to be the main pathogenic factor of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Microvascular decompression (MVD) has become a popular surgery for TN, and the success rate depends on the degree of NVC. As the routine examination before MVD, magnetic resonance tomographic angiography (MRTA) shows high sensitivity for detecting NVC. However, there are no reports on the sensitivity of MRTA for assessing the degree of NVC.

Methods
This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of MRTA for determining the degree of NVC by comparing preoperative MRTA and intraoperative endoscopy findings. A total of 480 patients who suffered from TN and underwent MVD were included. Their preoperative MRTA and intraoperative endoscopy findings were reviewed. The kappa test was used to identify similarities between the MRTA and endoscopy findings.

Results
The degree of NVC on preoperative MRTA was similar to that on endoscopy (kappa = 0.770). The number of offending vessels according to preoperative MRTA was coincident with that according to endoscopy (kappa = 0.722).

Conclusion
MRTA had high sensitivity for detecting not only the presence of NVC but also the degree of NVC.
Breast sensibility in bilateral autologous breast reconstruction with unilateral sensory nerve coaptation
Authors: Bijkerk Ennie , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Lataster Arno , van der Hulst René R. W. J. , Tuinder Stefania M. H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Patient satisfaction after breast reconstruction is dependent on both esthetics and functional outcomes. In an attempt to improve breast sensibility, a sensory nerve coaptation can be performed. The aim of this study was to objectify the sensory recovery in patients who, by chance, underwent bilateral autologous breast reconstruction with one innervated and one non-innervated flap. It must be emphasized that the intention was to coaptate the sensory nerves on both sides.

Methods
The cohort study was carried out in the Maastricht University Medical Center between August 2016 and August 2018. Patients were eligible if they underwent bilateral non-complex, autologous breast reconstruction with unilateral sensory nerve coaptation and underwent sensory measurements using Semmes–Weinstein monofilaments at 12 months of follow-up. Sensory outcomes were compared using t tests.

Results
A total of 15 patients were included, all contributing one innervated and one non-innervated flap. All patients had a follow-up of at least 12 months, but were measured at different follow-up points with a mean follow-up of 19 months. Sensory nerve coaptation was significantly associated with better sensation in the innervated breasts and showed better sensory recovery over time, compared to non-innervated breasts. Moreover, the protective sensation of the skin can be restored by sensory nerve coaptation.

Conclusions
The study demonstrated that sensory nerve coaptation leads to better sensation in the autologous reconstructed breast in patients who underwent bilateral breast reconstruction and, by chance, received unilateral sensory nerve coaptation.
ETM: Enrichment by topic modeling for automated clinical sentence classification to detect patients’ disease history
Authors: Bagheri Ayoub , Sammani Arjan , van der Heijden Peter G. M. , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Oberski Daniel L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGiven the rapid rate at which text data are being digitally gathered in the medical domain, there is growing need for automated tools that can analyze clinical notes and classify their sentences in electronic health records (EHRs). This study uses EHR texts to detect patients’ disease history from clinical sentences. However, in EHRs, sentences are less topic-focused and shorter than that in general domain, which leads to the sparsity of co-occurrence patterns and the lack of semantic features. To tackle this challenge, current approaches for clinical sentence classification are dependent on external information to improve classification performance. However, this is implausible owing to a lack of universal medical dictionaries. This study proposes the ETM (enrichment by topic modeling) algorithm, based on latent Dirichlet allocation, to smoothen the semantic representations of short sentences. The ETM enriches text representation by incorporating probability distributions generated by an unsupervised algorithm into it. It considers the length of the original texts to enhance representation by using an internal knowledge acquisition procedure. When it comes to clinical predictive modeling, interpretability improves the acceptance of the model. Thus, for clinical sentence classification, the ETM approach employs an initial TFiDF (term frequency inverse document frequency) representation, where we use the support vector machine and neural network algorithms for the classification task. We conducted three sets of experiments on a data set consisting of clinical cardiovascular notes from the Netherlands to test the sentence classification performance of the proposed method in comparison with prevalent approaches. The results show that the proposed ETM approach outperformed state-of-the-art baselines.
Predicting disruptions and their passenger delay impacts for public transport stops
Authors: Yap Menno , Cats Oded 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDisruptions in public transport can have major implications for passengers and service providers. Our study objective is to develop a generic approach to predict how often different disruption types occur at different stations of a public transport network, and to predict the impact related to these disruptions as measured in terms of passenger delays. We propose a supervised learning approach to perform these predictions, as this allows for predictions for individual stations for each time period, without the requirement of having sufficient empirical disruption observations available for each location and time period. This approach also enables a fast prediction of disruption impacts for a large number of disruption instances, hence addressing the computational challenges that rise when typical public transport assignment or simulation models would be used for real-world public transport networks. To improve transferability of our study results, we cluster stations based on their contribution to network vulnerability using unsupervised learning. This supports public transport agencies to apply the appropriate type of measure aimed to reduce disruptions or to mitigate disruption impacts for each station type. Applied to the Washington metro network, we predict a yearly passenger delay of 5.9 million hours for the total metro network. Based on the clustering, five different types of station are distinguished. Stations with high train frequencies and high passenger volumes located at central trunk sections of the network show to be most critical, along with start/terminal and transfer stations. Intermediate stations located at branches of a line are least critical.
Hyperbolic Green Function Estimates
Authors: Ryznar M. , Serafin G. , Żak T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor a hyperbolic Brownian motion in the hyperbolic space $\mathbb {H}^{n}, n\ge 3$

ℍ

n

,
n
≥
3
, we prove a representation of a Green function and a Poisson kernel for bounded and smooth sets in terms of the corresponding objects for an ordinary Euclidean Brownian motion and a conditional gauge functional. Using this representation we prove bounds for the Green functions and Poisson kernels for smooth sets. In particular, we provide a two sided sharp estimate of the Green function of a hyperbolic ball of any radius. By usual isomorphism argument the same estimate holds in any other model of a real hyperbolic space.
Large Deviation Principle for Fractional Brownian Motion with Respect to Capacity
Authors: Li Jiawei , Qian Zhongmin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe show that the fractional Brownian motion (fBM) defined via the Volterra integral representation with Hurst parameter $H\geq \frac {1}{2}$
H
≥

1

2

is a quasi-surely defined Wiener functional on the classical Wiener space, and we establish the large deviation principle (LDP) for such an fBM with respect to (p,r)-capacity on the classical Wiener space in Malliavin’s sense.
Agreement Among Paper and Electronic Modes of the EQ-5D-5L
Authors:   the ePRO Consortium, Lundy J. Jason , Coons Stephen Joel , Flood Emuella , Patel Mira J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction
While the EQ-5D-5L has been migrated to several electronic modes, evidence supporting the measurement equivalence of the original paper-based instrument to the electronic modes is limited.

Objectives
This study was designed to comprehensively examine the equivalence of the paper and electronic modes (i.e., handheld, tablet, interactive voice response [IVR], and web).

Methods
As part of the foundational work for this study, the test–retest reliability of the paper-based, UK English format of the EQ-5D-5L was assessed using a single-group, single-visit, two-period, repeated-measures design. To compare paper and electronic modes, three independent samples were recruited into a three-period crossover study. Each participant was assigned to one of six groups to account for order effects. Descriptive statistics, mean differences (i.e., split-plot analysis of variance [ANOVA]), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated.

Results
The test–retest results showed mean differences near zero and ICC values > 0.90 for both the index and the EQ VAS scores. For the electronic comparisons, mean difference confidence intervals (CIs) for the EQ-5D index scores and EQ VAS scores reflected equivalence of the means across all modes, as the CIs were wholly contained inside the equivalence interval. Further, the ICC 95% lower CIs for the index and EQ VAS scores showed values above the thresholds for denoting equivalence across all comparisons in each sample. No significant mode-by-order interactions were present in any ANOVA model.

Conclusions
Overall, our comparisons of the paper, screen-based, and phone-based formats of the EQ-5D-5L provided substantial evidence to support the measurement equivalence of these modes of data collection.