bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardization of lateral pelvic radiograph is necessary to predict spinopelvic mobility accurately
Authors: Ransone Michael , Fehring Keith , Fehring Thomas 
Published: June 2020

Aims Patients with abnormal spinopelvic mobility are at increased risk for instability. Measuring the change in sacral slope (ΔSS) can help determine spinopelvic mobility preoperatively. Sacral slope (SS) should decrease at least 10° to demonstrate adequate posterior pelvic tilt. There is potential for different ΔSS measurements in the same patient based on sitting posture. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sitting posture on the ΔSS in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods In total, 51 patients undergoing THA were reviewed to quantify the variability in preoperative spinopelvic mobility when measuring two different sitting positions using SS for planning. Results A total of 32 patients had standardized relaxed sitting radiographs, while 35 patients had standardized flexed sitting images. Of the 32 patients with relaxed sitting views, the mean ΔSS was 20.7° (SD 8.9°). No patients exhibited an increase in SS during relaxed sitting (i.e. anterior pelvic tilt or so-called reverse accommodation). Of the 35 patients with flexed sitting radiographs, the mean ΔSS was only 2.1° (SD 9.7°) with 16/35 (45.71%) showing anterior pelvic tilt, or so-called reverse accommodation, unexpectedly increasing the sitting SS compared to the standing SS. Overall, 18 patients had both relaxed sitting and flexed sitting radiographs. In patients with both types of sitting radiographs, the mean relaxed sit to stand ΔSS was 18.06° (SD 6.07°), while only a 3.00° (SD 10.53°) ΔSS was noted when flexed sitting. There was a mean ΔSS difference of 15.06° (SD 7.67°) noted in the same patient cohort depending on sitting posture (p < 0.001). Conclusion A 15° mean difference was noted depending on the sitting posture of the patient. Since decisions on component position can be made on preoperative lateral sit-stand radiographs, postural standardization is crucial. If using ΔSS for preoperative planning, the relaxed sitting radiograph is preferred. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7 Supple B):41–46.
Multimodal prophylaxis in patients with a history of venous thromboembolism undergoing primary elective hip arthroplasty
Authors: Gonzalez Della Valle Alejandro , Shanaghan Kate A. , Nguyen Joseph , Liu Jiabin , Memtsoudis Stavros , Sharrock Nigel E. , Salvati Eduardo A. 
Published: June 2020

Aims We studied the safety and efficacy of multimodal thromboprophylaxis in patients with a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) who undergo total hip arthroplasty (THA) within the first 120 postoperative days, and the mortality during the first year. Multimodal prophylaxis includes discontinuation of procoagulant medications, VTE risk stratification, regional anaesthesia, an intravenous bolus of unfractionated heparin prior to femoral preparation, rapid mobilization, the use of pneumatic compression devices, and chemoprophylaxis tailored to the patient’s risk of VTE. Methods Between 2004 to 2018, 257 patients with a proven history of VTE underwent 277 primary elective THA procedures by two surgeons at a single institution. The patients had a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (186, 67%), pulmonary embolism (PE) (43, 15.5%), or both (48, 17.5%). Chemoprophylaxis included aspirin (38 patients), anticoagulation (215 patients), or a combination of aspirin and anticoagulation (24 patients). A total of 50 patients (18%) had a vena cava filter in situ at the time of surgery. Patients were followed for 120 days to record complications, and for one year to record mortality. Results Postoperative VTE was diagnosed in seven patients (2.5%): DVT in five, and PE with and without DVT in one patient each. After hospitalization, three patients required readmiss-ion for evacuation of a haematoma, one for wound drainage, and one for monitoring of an elevated international normalized ratio (INR). Seven patients died (2.5%). One patient died five months postoperatively of a PE during open thrombectomy. She had discontinued anticoagulation. One patient died of a haemorrhagic stroke while receiving Coumadin. PE or bleeding was not suspected in the remaining five fatalities. Conclusion Multimodal prophylaxis is safe and effective in patients with a history of VTE. Postoperative anticoagulation should be prudent as very few patients developed VTE (2.5%) or died of suspected or confirmed PE. Mortality during the first year was mostly unrelated to either VTE or bleeding. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7 Supple B):71–77.
Are current DRG-based bundled payment models for revision total joint arthroplasty risk-adjusting adequately?
Authors: Malik Azeem T. , Li Mengnai , Khan Safdar N. , Alexander John H. , Li Daniel , Scharschmidt Thomas J. 
Published: June 2020

Aims Currently, the US Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) has been testing bundled payments for revision total joint arthroplasty (TJA) through the Bundled Payment for Care Improvement (BPCI) programme. Under the BPCI, bundled payments for revision TJAs are defined on the basis of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). However, these DRG-based bundled payment models may not be adequate to account appropriately for the varying case-complexity seen in revision TJAs. Methods The 2008-2014 Medicare 5% Standard Analytical Files (SAF5) were used to identify patients undergoing revision TJA under DRG codes 466, 467, or 468. Generalized linear regression models were built to assess the independent marginal cost-impact of patient, procedural, and geographic characteristics on 90-day costs. Results A total of 9,263 patients (DRG-466 = 838, DRG-467 = 4,573, and DRG-468 = 3,842) undergoing revision TJA from 2008 to 2014 were included in the study. Undergoing revision for a dislocation (+$1,221), periprosthetic fracture (+$4,454), and prosthetic joint infection (+$5,268) were associated with higher 90-day costs. Among comorbidities, malnutrition (+$10,927), chronic liver disease (+$3,894), congestive heart failure (+$3,292), anaemia (+$3,149), and coagulopathy (+$2,997) had the highest marginal cost-increase. The five US states with the highest 90-day costs were Alaska (+$14,751), Maryland (+$13,343), New York (+$7,428), Nevada (+$6,775), and California (+$6,731). Conclusion Under the proposed DRG-based bundled payment methodology, surgeons would be reimbursed the same amount of money for revision TJAs, regardless of the indication (periprosthetic fracture, prosthetic joint infection, mechanical loosening) and/or patient complexity. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7):959–964.
Dayak Kaharingan di tengah perubahan sosial ekologi dan praktik perpindahan agama di pedesaan Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Kumoro Nindyo Budi 
Published: June 2020

This paper tries to explain the relation between social-ecological change and the phenomenon of religious conversion in a minority group in Indonesia. The case study is the Dayak community religion in Central Kalimantan, Kaharingan, with 'world' or 'official' religions such as Christianity, Catholicism, or Islam. The study of Kaharingan in this paper is placed in the context of Kalimantan as an object of resource expansion with massive intensity by the global economic capitalist chain. Forest exploitation and local gold mining activity from outsiders urged Dayaks to participate in new economic patterns, which caused swidden cultivation to become inaccessible to villagers and began to slowly be abandoned. This has implications for the transformation of the Dayaks in perceiving their relationship with the natural environment, a relationship that was previously the basis of Kaharingan religious beliefs and practices. Based on my ethnographic research in the rural Dayak community upriver Katingan, this paper shows that the religious conversion from Kaharingan to a new religion is more driven by social and economic morals that emphasize individual-household relations rather than the communal-collective pattern as before. This paper also argues that although traditional beliefs have slowly been abandoned, the practice of Kaharingan ceremonies is still held intensively for different purposes.Keywords: Minority religion, socio-economic and ecological change, religious conversion Abstrak Artikel ini berupaya menunjukkan relasi perubahan sosial-ekologi dengan fenomena perpindahan agama pada kelompok minoritas di Indonesia. Studi kasus dalam tulisan ini adalah agama masyarakat Dayak Kalimantan Tengah, yakni Kaharingan, dengan agama ‘dunia’ atau ‘resmi’ seperti Kristen, Katolik, maupun Islam di sana. Kajian mengenai Kaharingan di sini diletakkan dalam konteks Kalimantan sebagai obyek dari ekspansi sumber daya dengan intensitas yang massif oleh rantai ekonomi kapitalisme global. Eksploitasi kayu maupun pertambangan lokal dari pihak luar mendorong orang Dayak turut berpartisipasi dalam pola ekonomi baru menggeser perladangan berpindah ke posisi yang tidak menguntungkan. Hal ini turut mendorong perubahan orang Dayak dalam memaknai relasi mereka dengan alam sekitar, relasi yang sebelumnya menjadi basis kepercayaan dan praktik agama Kaharingan. Dengan mendasarkan pada hasil riset etnografi pedesaan Dayak di hulu Sungai Katingan, tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa perpindahan agama dari Kaharingan ke agama baru lebih didorong oleh moral sosial dan ekonomi baru yang menekankan relasi individu-rumah tangga dari pada komunal-kolektif seperti sebelumnya. Tulisan ini juga ingin menunjukkan meskipun kepercayaan lama telah ditinggalkan, namun praktik upacara Kaharingan tetap digelar dengan intensif meskipun untuk tujuan yang berbeda. Kata kunci: Agama minoritas, perubahan material-ekologi, perpindahan agama
Marjinalisasi Perempuan Kuli Panggul di Pasar Pabean Surabaya Marjinalisasi Perempuan Kuli Panggul di Pasar Pabean Surabaya
Authors: Yuniarti Miranti Dwi 
Published: June 2020

Marginalization often occurs in Indonesia, and it makes people gradually consider marginalization as a natural phenomenon. Female porters are one of the marginalized groups in Indonesia. They have been marginalized by others, but they donot realize it. This paper analyzes and describes the dilemmas and kind of marginalization faced by female porters in Pabean Surabaya market. The methods used in this study were qualitative, including direct observation and in-depth interviews. The results suggest that female porters marginalized by getting differential treatmentby other people, they can not negotiate their wages with customers which makes the income they earn incommensurate with their hard work, which is also exacerbated by the wage differential between female porters and male porters. They also face some dilemmas related to their work such as: (1)having double burden as housewives and workers, (2)limited skills so they can not choose a better job for them, (3)insufficient income for daily needs, (4)social pressure from fellow workers and other people. Marjinalisasi sering terjadi di Indonesia dan hal ini membuat masyarakat secara tidak sadar menganggap marjinalisasi merupakan hal yang biasa, meski pun itu merupakan hal yang salah. Perempuan kuli panggul merupakan salah satu kelompok yang termarjinal di Indonesia. Mereka dimarjinalisasi oleh masyarakat, namun mereka sendiri tidak menyadarinya. Tulisan ini dibuat untuk menganalisis dan menjelaskan dilema-dilema dan bentuk marjinalisasi yang dialami perempuan kuli panggul di pasar Pabean Surabaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif yang terdiri dari observasi langsung dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perempuan kuli panggul mengalami marjinalisasi dengan cara diperlakukan berbeda oleh masyarakat. Mereka tidak dapat menawar upah sehingga upah yang didapatkan tidak sesuai dengan kerja keras mereka. Upah mereka pun juga memiliki jumlah yang lebih sedikit daripada kuli panggul laki-laki. Dilema yang mereka hadapi sebagai kuli panggul adalah: (1)adanya beban ganda sebagai kuli panggul dan juga sebagai ibu rumah tangga, (2)kemampuan yang terbatas sehingga mereka tidak dapat memilih pekerjaan yang lebih baik, (3)pendapatan yang seringkali tidak dapat menutupi kebutuhan sehari-hari, (4)serta tekanan sosial dari sesama kuli panggul
Tablet alebo notebook? Komparatívna štúdia žiakovho vnímania rozdielnych technologických prístupov v počítačom podporovanom chemickom laboratóriu
Authors: Skoršepa Marek , Kmeťová Jarmila , Horváthová Erika 
Published: June 2020

Školské experimentovanie s podporou výpočtovej techniky je v relevantnej literatúre už niekoľko desiatok rokov prezentované ako jeden zo sľubných prístupov v štúdiu prírodných vied. Technológie však podliehajú veľmi častým a rýchlym zmenám, a preto aj v oblasti počítačovej podpory laboratórnej činnosti žiakov možno za posledné obdobie sledovať rôzne technologické riešenia. V tomto príspevku sa zaoberáme komparáciou žiackeho vnímania experimentovania s dvomi rozdielnymi koncovými zariadeniami: (i) notebookmi a (ii) tabletmi, ako súčastí rovnakého typu meracieho systému. Pre účely štúdie sme vytvorili sadu štyroch počítačom podporovaných aktivít z chémie, ktoré boli realizované dvomi skupinami žiakov slovenských gymnázií. Kým prvá skupina pracovala s meracími systémami, kde boli ako koncové zariadenia použité notebooky, druhá skupina pracovala na rovnakých aktivitách s tabletmi. Cieľom štúdie je zistiť, či rozdielne technologické prístupy majú potenciál generovať štatisticky významné rozdiely vo vnímaní tohto typu experimentovania samotnými žiakmi.
MXene saturable absorber enabled hybrid mode-locking technology: a new routine of advancing femtosecond fiber lasers performance
Authors: Ma Chunyang , Huang Weichun , Wang Yunzheng , Adams Jordan , Wang Zhenhong , Liu Jun , Song Yufeng , Ge Yanqi , Guo Zhongyi , Hu Lanping , Zhang Han 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
MXene is a promising two-dimensional (2D) material that is widely used in electro-photonic devices due to its unique properties. In this contribution, V2CT
x
, a novel MXene, was employed as a saturable absorber (SA) for hybrid passively mode-locked fiber lasers. An ultra-stable and self-starting mode-locked laser system with low threshold can be achieved using V2CT
x
nanosheets and nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE). Signal to noise ratio increased 13 dB compared with using only NPE SA. A 72 fs pulse duration is easily achieved from this hybrid mode-locked fiber laser system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the shortest pulse duration generated from the Yb-doped mode-locked fiber lasers using a hybrid or 2D SAs. This study proves that MXene V2CT
x
nanosheets can be developed as suitable SAs and served as potential advanced ultrafast photonic devices in the future.
Stacking angle dependent multiple excitonic resonances in bilayer tungsten diselenide
Authors: Arora Ankit , Nayak Pramoda K. , Dixit Tejendra , Ganapathi Kolla Lakshmi , Krishnan Ananth , Rao Mamidanna Sri Ramachandra 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We report on multiple excitonic resonances in bilayer tungsten diselenide (BL-WSe2) stacked at different angles and demonstrate the use of the stacking angle to control the occurrence of these excitations. BL-WSe2 with different stacking angles were fabricated by stacking chemical vapour deposited monolayers and analysed using photoluminescence measurements in the temperature range 300–100 K. At reduced temperatures, several excitonic features were observed and the occurrences of these exitonic resonances were found to be stacking angle dependent. Our results indicate that by controlling the stacking angle, it is possible to excite or quench higher order excitations to tune the excitonic flux in optoelectronic devices. We attribute the presence/absence of multiple higher order excitons to the strength of interlayer coupling and doping effect from SiO2/Si substrate. Understanding interlayer excitations will help in engineering excitonic devices and give an insight into the physics of many-body dynamics.
Broadband and high-efficiency accelerating beam generation by dielectric catenary metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Fei , Zeng Qingyu , Pu Mingbo , Wang Yanqin , Guo Yinghui , Li Xiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Xiangang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Self-accelerating beams show considerable captivating phenomena and applications owing to their transverse acceleration, diffraction-free and self-healing properties in free space. Metasurfaces consisting of dielectric or metallic subwavelength structures attract enormous attention to acquire self-accelerating beams, owing to their extraordinary capabilities in the arbitrary control of electromagnetic waves. However, because the self-accelerating beam generator possesses a large phase gradient, traditional discrete metasurfaces suffer from insufficient phase sampling, leading to a low efficiency and narrow spectral band. To overcome this limitation, a versatile platform of catenary-inspired dielectric metasurfaces is proposed to endow arbitrary continuous wavefronts. A high diffraction efficiency approaching 100% is obtained in a wide spectral range from 9 to 13 μm. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the broadband, high-efficiency and high-quality self-accelerating beam generation is experimentally verified in the infrared band. Furthermore, the chiral response of the proposed metasurfaces enables the spin-controlled beam acceleration. Considering these superior performances, this design methodology may find wide applications in particle manipulation, high-resolution imaging, optical vortex generation, and so forth.
Particle simulation of plasmons
Authors: Ding Wen Jun , Lim Jeremy Zhen Jie , Do Hue Thi Bich , Xiong Xiao , Mahfoud Zackaria , Png Ching Eng , Bosman Michel , Ang Lay Kee , Wu Lin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Particle simulation has been widely used in studying plasmas. The technique follows the motion of a large assembly of charged particles in their self-consistent electric and magnetic fields. Plasmons, collective oscillations of the free electrons in conducting media such as metals, are connected to plasmas by very similar physics, in particular, the notion of collective charge oscillations. In many cases of interest, plasmons are theoretically characterized by solving the classical Maxwell’s equations, where the electromagnetic responses can be described by bulk permittivity. That approach pays more attention to fields rather than motion of electrons. In this work, however, we apply the particle simulation method to model the kinetics of plasmons, by updating both particle position and momentum (Newton–Lorentz equation) and electromagnetic fields (Ampere and Faraday laws) that are connected by current. Particle simulation of plasmons can offer insights and information that supplement those gained by traditional experimental and theoretical approaches. Specifically, we present two case studies to show its capabilities of modeling single-electron excitation of plasmons, tracing instantaneous movements of electrons to elucidate the physical dynamics of plasmons, and revealing electron spill-out effects of ultrasmall nanoparticles approaching the quantum limit. These preliminary demonstrations open the door to realistic particle simulations of plasmons.
Generation of terahertz vector beams using dielectric metasurfaces via spin-decoupled phase control
Authors: Xu Yuehong , Zhang Huifang , Li Quan , Zhang Xueqian , Xu Quan , Zhang Wentao , Hu Cong , Zhang Xixiang , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cylindrical vector beams (CVBs), being a special kind of beams with spatially variant states of polarizations, are promising in photonics applications, including high-resolution imaging, plasmon excitation, optical trapping, and laser machining. Recently, generating CVBs using metasurfaces has drawn enormous interest owing to their highly designable, multifunctional, and integratable features. However, related studies remain unexplored in the terahertz regime. Here, a generic method for efficiently generating terahertz CVBs carrying orbital angular momentums (OAMs) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated using transmission-type spatial-variant dielectric metasurfaces, which is realized by designing the interference between the two circularly polarized transmission components. This method is based on spin-decoupled phase control allowed by simultaneously manipulating the dynamic phase and geometric phase of each structure, endowing more degree of freedom in designing the vector beams. Two types of metasurfaces which respectively generate polarization-dependent terahertz vector vortex beams (VVBs) and vector Bessel beams (VBBs) are experimentally characterized. The proposed method opens a new window to generate versatile vector beams, providing new capabilities in developing novel, compact, and high-performance devices applicable to broad electromagnetic spectral regimes.
Highly stable MXene (V2CTx)-based harmonic pulse generation
Authors: Huang Weichun , Ma Chunyang , Li Chao , Zhang Ye , Hu Lanping , Chen Tingting , Tang Yanfeng , Ju Jianfeng , Zhang Han 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
MXene as a novel two-dimensional (2D) material exhibits a lot of advantages in nonlinear optics. However, the common MXene, Ti3C2Tx and Ti2CTx nanosheets, easily suffer from degradation under ambient conditions, greatly limiting their practical applications. Here, we demonstrated one of MXene compounds, V2CTx, which has a strong modulation depth (nearly 50%), can serve as an excellent saturable absorber (SA) in passively mode-locked (PML) fiber lasers. More importantly, 206th harmonic order has been successfully generated in Er-doped mode-locked fiber laser, exhibiting maximum repetition rate of 1.01 GHz and pulse duration of 940 fs, which to the best of our knowledge, is the highest harmonic mode-locked fiber laser from the MXene SA so far. In addition, the high harmonic order mode-locked operation can maintain at least 24 h without any noticeable change, suggesting MXene V2CTx nanosheets have excellent stability in this mode-locked fiber laser. It is anticipated that the present work can pave the way to new design for MXene-based heterostructures for high-performance harmonic mode-locked lasers.
Thermal-responsive multicolor emission of single NaGdF4:Yb/Ce/Ho upconversion nanocrystals for anticounterfeiting application
Authors: Hu Yanqing , Shao Qiyue , Deng Xinyi , Jiang Jianqing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study presents a novel and high-level anticounterfeiting strategy based on Ce/Yb/Ho triply-doped NaGdF4 nanocrystals with temperature-responsive multicolor emission. A critical factor leading to the multicolor emission is confirmed by comparing the luminescence thermal behaviors of nanocrystals in various atmospheres. Through analyzing the temperature-dependent lifetimes of Yb3+ ions in air, we demonstrate that thermally-induced multicolor emission mainly originates from the gradually-attenuated H2O quenching effect. Because the cross-relaxations between Ce3+ and Ho3+ ions and the nonradiative transitions of Yb3+ ions create plenty of phonon heat, the multicolor emission of nanocrystals can be achieved under 975 nm excitation at a relatively low power density. This recognition method is efficient and convenient for security authentication. The as-synthesized core nanocrystals can be directly used to fabricate anticounterfeiting ink without further processing (e.g. core/shell or hybrid). Therefore, the small-sized β-NaGdF4:Yb/Ce/Ho nanocrystals are promising candidate for security application.