bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional supplements for neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Haider Sandra , Schwarzinger Angela , Stefanac Sinisa , Soysal Pinar , Smith Lee , Veronese Nicola , Dorner Thomas E. , Grabovac Igor 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to assess the effects of nutritional supplementation on neuropsychiatric symptoms among people with dementia.Methods/DesignRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in the Databases PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Clinicaltrials.gov from inception until January 31, 2020. Studies of RCTs carried out on people with any type of dementia who were taking nutritional supplements and had neuropsychiatric symptoms were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed with the validated Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Effect sizes were calculated with standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), applying a random effect model.ResultsThe search yielded 1034 studies with four studies being included in the meta‐analysis with a total of 377 people with dementia (mean age 69.3 [SD: 7.7] years). The diagnoses comprised mild to late Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Two studies included a multicomponent supplementation, one an omega‐3, and one a special supplement tailored for cognitive impairment. The median follow‐up was 18 weeks, with a range from 12 to 24 weeks. Pooled data showed that nutritional supplementation did not improve NPI (SMD = −0.33; [95%CI: −0.74 to 0.08]; P = 0.11; I2 = 45%).ConclusionsThe findings of this meta‐analysis demonstrated no significant impact on NPI through nutritional supplementation. However, the generalization of the results is limited, as different supplements were used in different stages of dementia with a short follow‐up time.
Effect of immunoadsorption alone or combined with membrane filtration on hemostasis parameters
Authors: Marlu Raphaël , Bennani Hamza Naciri , Seyve Landry , Malvezzi Paolo , Janbon Bénédicte , Noble Johan , Christophe Maryvonne , Motte Lionel , Imerzoukene Farida , Chevallier Eloi , Rostaing Lionel , Jouve Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionABO‐ or HLA‐incompatible kidney transplantation is possible thanks to pretransplant antibody‐depletion achieved by extracorporeal‐treatment modalities. These methods induce depletion of some plasma proteins and may also impact on proteins involved in hemostasis.MethodsTo determine the impact of one session of immunoadsorption (IA) alone or combined with membrane filtration (MF) on clotting factors and natural anticoagulants, we performed a prospective, observational study on 13 patients waiting for HLA‐/ABO‐incompatible kidney transplants. Plasma hemostasis parameters were measured before and immediately after a first session of IA alone in six patients and of IA + MF in seven patients.ResultsIA alone induced depletion of fibrinogen and factor XIII (FXIII) whereas IA + MF caused greater depletion of all high‐molecular‐weight hemostatic proteins (fibrinogen, FV, FVIII, FXI, FXIII, von‐Willebrand factor [VWF]). After an IA session, median reductions were 30% for fibrinogen and 43% for FXIII compared to baseline values. After a session of IA + MF, median decreases were 70% for fibrinogen, 54% for FV, 56% for FVIII, 37% for FXI, 78% for FXIII, and 62% for VWF. Noticeably, levels of low‐molecular‐weight factors (<100 kDa) were far less decreased than high‐molecular‐weight proteins with IA + MF, except for protein S and the tissue factor pathway inhibitor, which are known to be partially physiologically bound to high‐molecular‐weight molecules.ConclusionsIA and IA + MF induced significant depletion of some proteins implicated in the hemostatic process; however, IA + MF resulted in stronger modifications to hemostasis parameters than IA alone. This may have potential clinical implications regarding bleeding risk, and particularly depletion of fibrinogen and FXIII.
Inhibitory effects of biochanin A on titanium particle‐induced osteoclast activation and inflammatory bone resorption via NF‐κB and MAPK pathways
Authors: Liao Shijie , Feng Wenyu , Liu Yun , Wang Ziyi , Ding Xiaofei , Song Fangming , Lin Xixi , Song Huijie , KC Anil , Su Yuangang , Liang Jiamin , Xu Jiake , Liu Qian , Zhao Jinmin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRevision operations have become a new issue after successful artificial joint replacements, and periprosthetic osteolysis leading to prosthetic loosening is the main cause of why the overactivation of osteoclasts (OCs) plays an important role. The effect of biochanin A (BCA) has been examined in osteoporosis, but no study on the role of BCA in prosthetic loosening osteolysis has been conducted yet. In this study, we utilised enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, computed tomography imaging, and histological analysis. Results showed that BCA downregulated the secretion levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α), and IL‐1β to suppress inflammatory responses. The secretion levels of receptor‐activated nuclear factor‐κB ligand, CTX‐1, and osteoclast‐associated receptor as well as Ti‐induced osteolysis were also reduced. BCA effectively inhibited osteoclastogenesis and suppressed hydroxyapatite resorption by downregulating OC‐related genes in vitro. Analysis of mechanisms indicated that BCA inhibited the signalling pathways of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (P38, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, and c‐JUN N‐terminal kinase) and nuclear factor‐κB (inhibitor κB‐α and P65), thereby downregulating the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 and c‐Fos. In conclusion, BCA may be an alternative choice for the prevention of prosthetic loosening caused by OCs.
lncRNA ZNF667‐AS1 (NR_036521.1) inhibits the progression of colorectal cancer via regulating ANK2/JAK2 expression
Authors: Zhuang Lin , Ding Wenbin , Ding Wei , Zhang Qi , Xu Xuezhong , Xi Dong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in many biological processes by affecting gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. lncRNAs are dysregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and this dysregulation is closely related to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and prognosis. Although many lncRNAs have been identified in CRC, the relation between ZNF667 antisense RNA 1 (head to head; ZNF667‐AS1, accession: NR_036521.1) and CRC remains unclear. In this study, a total of 2,218 differentially expressed genes and 428 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified between tumor and pericarcinous tissues. They were mainly enriched in cancer pathways, chemokine signaling, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase–protein kinase B signaling pathway, and others. Key lncRNAs, including ZNF667‐AS1, and their corresponding genes, such as ankyrin 2 (ANK2), were downregulated in CRC tumor tissues. In addition, downregulated ZNF667‐AS1 (NR_036521.1) expression is associated with poor prognosis and disease progression. Overexpression of ZNF667‐AS1 (NR_036521.1) inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of VOLO cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and ANK2 were significantly down‐ and upregulated in the overexpressed ZNF667‐AS1 VOLO cells compared to those in the negative‐control group. Knockdown of ANK2 or overexpression of JAK2 significantly counteracted the inhibitory effects of overexpression of ZNF667‐AS1 on LOVO cell proliferation and migration. Taken together, it is indicated in our research that ZNF667‐AS1 interaction with ANK2/JAK2 maybe important in CRC progression. Overexpression of ZNF667‐AS1 could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells, which may be related with the high ANK2 and low JAK2 levels.
Release of ATP by TRPV4 activation is dependent upon the expression of AQP2 in renal cells
Authors: Pizzoni Alejandro , Bazzi Zaher , Di Giusto Gisela , Alvarez Cora L. , Rivarola Valeria , Capurro Claudia , Schwarzbaum Pablo J. , Ford Paula 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that aquaporins (AQPs) exert an influence in cell signaling by the interplay with the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel. We previously found that TRPV4 physically and functionally interacts with AQP2 in cortical collecting ducts (CCD) cells, favoring cell volume regulation and cell migration. Because TRPV4 was implicated in ATP release in several tissues, we investigated the possibility that TRPV4/AQP2 interaction influences ATP release in CCD cells. Using two CCD cell lines expressing or not AQP2, we measured extracellular ATP (ATPe) under TRPV4 activation and intracellular Ca2+ under ATP addition. We found that AQP2 is critical for the release of ATP induced by TRPV4 activation. This ATP release occurs by an exocytic and a conductive route. ATPe, in turn, stimulates purinergic receptors leading to ATPe‐induced ATP release by a Ca2+‐dependent mechanism. We propose that AQP2 by modulating Ca2+ and ATP differently could explain AQP2‐increased cell migration.
The prognostic value and potential subtypes of immune activity scores in three major urological cancers
Authors: Shi Bowen , Qi Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImmune‐based rather than cancer‐based classification systems are becoming an important additional component for prognostic prediction. Herein, we investigate the status of tumor–immune interaction and prognostic value of immune activity scores in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), and prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and tracking the tumor immunophenotype platform. Traditional clinicopathological parameters still are effective predictors for prognosis. Comparison of 23‐set, seven‐step immune activity scores, and its distribution between favorable and adverse outcome groups within each cancer type and among cancer types show that each cancer has a distinct tumor–immune pattern. Adjusted overall immune activity scores based on the binary logistic regression analysis show a great discrimination ability in the progression‐free survival (p = .0056 in BLCA, p < .0001 in KIRC, and p < .0001 in PRAD). K‐mean cluster method and principal component analysis were performed to explore the cancer subtype. The results reveal that certain immune activity scores pattern such as high nature killer (NK) cell, T cell, macrophage, T helper type 1 (Th1) cell, and dendritic cell recruiting scores in BLCA, low NK cell, CD8 T cell, macrophage, T cell, Th1 cell recruiting scores in KIRC have a favorable clinical outcome comparing to other subtypes. Also, It is remarkable that a relatively small subtype of patients has a poor clinical prognosis in PRAD and this subtype features high CD4 T cell, macrophage, T cell, and regulatory T cell recruiting scores.
The crosstalk between gut bacteria and host immunity in intestinal inflammation
Authors: Yang Qiuli , Wang Yuexin , Jia Anna , Wang Yufei , Bi Yujing , Liu Guangwei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe gut of mammals is considered as a harmonious ecosystem mediated by intestinal microbiota and the host. Both bacteria and mammalian immune cells show region‐related distribution characteristics, and the interaction between the two could be demonstrated by synergetic roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and dysregulation in intestinal inflammation. The harmonious interplay between bacteria and host requires fine‐tuned regulations by environmental and genetic factors. Thus, the disturbed immune response to microbial components or metabolites and dysbiosis related to immunodeficiency are absolute risk factors to intestinal inflammation and cancer. In this review, we discuss the crosstalk between bacteria and host immunity in the gut and highlight the critical roles of bidirectional regulation between bacteria and the mammalian immune system involved in intestinal inflammation.
Postnatal growth retardation is associated with deteriorated intestinal mucosal barrier function using a porcine model
Authors: Qi Ming , Tan Bie , Wang Jing , Liao Simeng , Li Jianjun , Cui Zhijuan , Shao Yirui , Ji Peng , Yin Yulong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIndividuals with postnatal growth retardation (PGR) are prone to developing chronic diseases. Abnormal development in small intestine is casually implicated in impaired growth. However, the exact mechanism is still implausible. In this present study, PGR piglets (aged 42 days) were employed as a good model to analyze developmental changes in intestinal mucosal barrier function. Our data demonstrated that PGR piglets exhibited impaired jejunal and ileal epithelial villous morphology and permeability, accompanied by decreased cell proliferation ability and increased apoptosis rate. In addition, the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO‐1, claudin 1, and occludin) and E‐cadherin was markedly inhibited by PGR. The expression of P‐glycoprotein was significantly reduced in PGR piglets, as well as decreased activity of lysozyme. Moreover, the mRNA abundance and content of inflammatory cytokines were significantly increased in the intestinal mucosa and plasma of PGR piglets, respectively. PGR also contributed to lower level of sIgA, and higher level of CD68‐positive rate, β‐defensins, and protein expression involved p38 MAPK/NF‐κB pathway. Furthermore, PGR altered the intestinal microbial community such as decreased genus Alloprevotella and Oscillospira abundances, and led to lower microbial‐derived butyrate production, which may be potential targets for treatment. Collectively, our findings indicated that the intestinal mucosal barrier function of PGR piglets could develop the nutritional intervention strategies in prevention and treatment of the intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in piglets and humans.
Virtual brain endocast of Antifer (Mammalia: Cervidae), an extinct large cervid from South America
Authors: Fontoura Emmanuelle , Ferreira José Darival , Bubadué Jamile , Ribeiro Ana Maria , Kerber Leonardo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA diverse fossil record of Cervidae (Mammalia) has been documented in the South American Pleistocene, when these animals arrived during the Great American Biotic Interchange. Using computed tomography‐scanning techniques, it is possible to access the endocranial morphology of extinct species. Here, we studied the brain endocast of the extinct late Pleistocene cervid Antifer ensenadensis from southern Brazil, one of the largest forms that lived on this continent, using comparative morphology, geometric morphometrics, and encephalization quotients. The analyzed endocasts demonstrate that A. ensenadensis had a gyrencephalic brain, showing a prominent longitudinal sinus (=sagittal superior sinus), which is also observed in the large South American cervid Blastocerus dichotomus. The encephalization quotient is within the variation of extant cervids, suggesting maintenance of the pattern of encephalization from at least the late Pleistocene. Geometric morphometric analysis suggested a clear and linear allometric trend between brain endocast size and shape, and highlights A. ensenadensis as an extreme form within the analyzed cervids regarding brain morphology.
Transitions in functional morphology from “large branchiopods” to Cladocera: Video and confocal microscopic studies of Cyclestheria hislopi (Cyclestherida) and Sida crystallina (Cladocera: Ctenopoda)
Authors: Sigvardt Zandra M. S. , Worsaae Katrine , Savatenalinton Sukonthip , Kerbl Alexandra , Olesen Jørgen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGreat diversity is found in morphology and functionality of arthropod appendages, both along the body axis of individual animals and between different life‐cycle stages. Despite many branchiopod crustaceans being well known for displaying a relatively simple arrangement of many serially post‐maxillary appendages (trunk limbs), this taxon also shows an often unappreciated large variation in appendage morphology. Diplostracan branchiopods exhibit generally a division of labor into locomotory antennae and feeding/filtratory post‐maxillary appendages (trunk limbs). We here study the functionality and morphology of the swimming antennae and feeding appendages in clam shrimps and cladocerans and analyze the findings in an evolutionary context (e.g., possible progenetic origin of Cladocera). We focus on Cyclestheria hislopi (Cyclestherida), sister species to Cladocera and exhibiting many “large” branchiopod characters (e.g., many serially similar appendages), and Sida crystallina (Cladocera, Ctenopoda), which likely exhibits plesiomorphic cladoceran traits (e.g., six pairs of serially similar appendages). We combine (semi‐)high‐speed recordings of behavior with confocal laser scanning microscopy analyses of musculature to infer functionality and homologies of locomotory and filtratory appendages in the two groups. Our morphological study shows that the musculature in all trunk limbs (irrespective of limb size) of both C. hislopi and S. crystallina comprises overall similar muscle groups in largely corresponding arrangements. Some differences between C. hislopi and S. crystallina, such as fewer trunk limbs and antennal segments in the latter, may reflect a progenetic origin of Cladocera. Other differences seem related to the appearance of a specialized type of swimming and feeding in Cladocera, where the anterior locomotory system (antennae) and the posterior feeding system (trunk limbs) have become fully separated functionally from each other. This separation is likely one explanation for the omnipresence of cladocerans, which have conquered both freshwater and marine free water masses and a number of other habitats.
Change in intersegmental foot and ankle motion after a high tibial osteotomy in genu varum patients
Authors: Kyung Min Gyu , Cho Yun Jae , Hwang Sunghyun , Lee Dong‐Oh , Lee Myung Chul , Lee Dong Yeon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a well‐established treatment for medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA), which shifts the weight‐bearing axis from the medial to the lateral side of the knee. As the adjacent ankle joint may be directly affected by the change in biomechanics, this study aimed to evaluate the change in the intersegmental foot and ankle motion after HTO in patients with genu varum. The study included 24 patients who underwent HTO, and 48 older healthy participants as a control group. Segmental foot kinematics were evaluated using a 3D multisegment foot model, and gait data of temporal and spatial parameters were obtained. After HTO, normalized stride length significantly increased with a tendency for increases in gait speed. In hallux kinematics relative to the forefoot, the sagittal motions of both the patients and the control group were similar throughout the majority of the gait cycle. In forefoot kinematics relative to the hindfoot, the pre‐HTO state revealed significant pronation throughout the gait cycle, while the post‐HTO state showed a similar position and motion to the control group. In hindfoot kinematics relative to the tibia, coronal motions of the pre‐HTO state showed supination throughout the gait cycle, while supination during the stance phase decreased after HTO. Genu varum patients with medial compartment knee OA showed different gait parameters and intersegmental motion during gait when compared with age‐ and gender‐matched controls. The effect of HTO was demonstrated by the normalization of midfoot compensation in patients with genu varum.
Electrical Writing to Three‐Dimensional Pattern Dynamic Polysaccharide Hydrogel for Programmable Shape Deformation
Authors: Zhu Xinyi , Wu Si , Yang Chen , Deng Hongbing , Du Yumin , Shi Xiaowen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe ability to pattern and actuate hydrogels is essential for biomimetics, soft robotics, and biosensors. Here an electrical writing technique with the capability to create both surface and across thickness patterns in dynamic chitosan‐H+/agarose hydrogel by electronically generated pH gradient is introduced. The diffusible pH cues deprotonate and re‐assemble chitosan chains by hydrogen bonds, changing the electrical writing domains from original loose structure to a dense layer and resulting in different mechanical stress and swell ability that causes the hydrogel to deform. The deformable trend can be modulated by writing depth and selective writing area on the surface, and significantly enhanced by temperature increment. Finally, a dual electrical writing process to create three‐dimensional patterns and demonstrate programmable shape transition by differing patterns is performed.
N‐Acyl Dibenzazepine Chemistry as Versatile Approach for Photoreversible Thiol‐Ene Networks
Authors: Bener Semira , Aydogan Cansu , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt is herein reported that a facile application of N‐acyl dibenzazepine (ADBA) photochemistry for preparing photoreversible ADBA based thiol‐ene networks. Crosslinking of the ADBA thiol‐ene networks is successfully achieved by UV induced dimerization of ADBA groups at wavelengths above 300 nm while a subsequent deep UV exposure (λ = 250 nm) results in a well‐defined cleavage of the crosslinks. The photochemical bonding and cleavage of the process has been determined and studied in detail by spectroscopic measurements.
Optimization of weld bead geometry of laser welded ANSI 304 austenitic stainless steel using grey‐based Taguchi method
Authors: Gencalp Irizalp S. , Koroglu B.K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the quality characteristics of the welding geometry of the laser welding process for the ANSI 304 austenitic stainless steel, with the use of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding system. Laser welding of 2 mm thick ANSI 304 stainless steel is performed at three different levels of three factors, i. e., peak power, welding speed and pulse duration. In this study, a multi‐response optimization problem is developed to achieve weld bead geometry with full penetration as well as a narrow bead width and minimum crater. Grey relational analysis based on Taguchi orthogonal array is used to present an effective approach for the optimization of laser welding process parameters. Regression equations between the welding parameters and the bead dimensions for laser welded austenitic stainless steels are developed, which are used in predicting the penetration, width and crater. Finally, the equations are tested for values different from the levels of the parameters in the orthogonal array. It will be beneficial to engineers for continuous improvement in laser welded product quality.
Exploring the relationship between health concerns and high‐risk behaviours in Medical Sciences' students
Authors: Arabi‐Mianrood Hoda , Hamzehgardeshi Zeinab , Jahanfar Shayesteh , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Khoori Elham , Shahhosseini Zohreh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe need to cope with life concerns may drive an individual to resort to high‐risk behaviours. This study aimed to determine the relationship between health concerns and high‐risk behaviours.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsWe sampled 926 Medical Sciences' students from the North of Iran from September–December 2017 using the stratified sampling method.ResultsThe most and less common high‐risk behaviour was physical inactivity (97.5%) and high‐risk sexual behaviour (15.7%), respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, participants' concerns about human sexuality (AOR: 1.39; CI: 1.22, 1.57), injury prevention and control (AOR: 1.12; CI: 1.01, 1.20), nutrition (AOR: 1.13; CI: 1.02, 1.26) and emotional health (AOR: 1.08; CI: 1.02, 1.15) increased the odds of risky behaviours. Among Medical Sciences' students, health concerns are linked with risky behaviours. The result of this study can be used to develop relevant interventions targeting mental health to reduce risky behaviour among youth.