bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the Mechanisms of Ischemic Stroke Impacting Sleep Homeostasis and Circadian Rhythms in Rats
Authors: Chu Ting‐ting , Sun Chen , Zheng Yong‐hui , Gao Wen‐ying , Zhao Lin‐lin , Zhang Jing‐yu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the impact of ischemic stroke (IS) on sleep homeostasis and circadian rhythms in rats, as well as the underlying mechanisms.MethodsThe middle cerebral artery occlusion model was employed to induce IS in rats. Sixty young and sixty aged rats were randomly divided into six groups for experiments. Neurological function was assessed using the Garcia score, and infarct size was evaluated through 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Sleep–wake cycles were monitored by implanting electrodes into the neck muscles to record electroencephalograms and electromyograms. Parameters such as sleep latency, waking time, non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleeping, rapid eye movement sleeping, NREM delta power, and waking theta power were measured. Serum cortisol and melatonin levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Gene and protein expression of circadian regulators period 1 (Per1) and cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) in the pineal gland were assessed using real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot.ResultsCompared to the sham groups, IS‐induced rats showed a decrease in Garcia scores and an increase in cerebral infarction area. Besides, relative to young rats, aged rats exhibited more severe cerebral infraction damage, lower melatonin levels, higher cortisol levels, disrupted sleep–wake cycles, and altered gene and protein expression levels of Per1 and Cry1 in the pineal gland.ConclusionsIS can lead to neurological impairments and brain damage, with aged rats showing more severe effects. IS also disturbs melatonin and cortisol levels, affects sleep homeostasis, and results in disordered Per1 and Cry1 gene and protein expression levels. These findings underscore the role of circadian disruption and stress response in the pathology of IS, especially in aging populations.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Improves Cognitive Function of a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Jiang Xueqin , Zheng Yu , Sun Huaiqing , Dang Yini , Yin Mengmei , Xiao Ming , Wu Ting 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundA growing body of evidence suggests a link between the gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the impact of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on cognitive function in a mouse model of AD.MethodsFour‐month‐old 5 × FAD (familial Alzheimer's disease) mice underwent antibiotic treatment to deplete their native gut microbiota. Subsequently, they received FMT either weekly or every other day. After 8 weeks, cognitive function and β‐amyloid (Aβ) load were assessed through behavioral testing and pathological analysis, respectively. The composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing.ResultsInitial weekly FMT failed to alleviate memory deficits or reduce brain Aβ pathology in 5 × FAD mice. In contrast, FMT administered every other day effectively restored gut dysbiosis in 5 × FAD mice and decreased Aβ pathology and lipopolysaccharide levels in the colon and hippocampus. Mechanistically, FMT reduced the expression of amyloid β precursor protein, β‐site APP cleaving enzyme 1, and presenilin‐1, potentially by inhibiting the Toll‐like receptor 4/inhibitor of kappa B kinase β/nuclear factor kappa‐B signaling pathway. However, the cognitive benefits of FMT on 5 × FAD mice diminished over time.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate the dose‐ and time‐dependent efficacy of FMT in mitigating AD‐like pathology, underscoring the potential of targeting the gut microbiota for AD treatment.
Simulation of Age‐Related Limitations of Patients in Patient‐Centred Dental Education
Authors: Nitschke Ina , Holter Martin , Sobotta Bernhard , Jockusch Julia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionYoung people, including dental students, generally have little experience with older people who suffer from multimorbidity with age‐related functional and/or cognitive limitations. For this reason, the ‘Gero‐Parcours’ (GP) as an educational instrument of multi‐staging simulation teaching was developed for students to experience ageing and its limitation.Materials and MethodsThe GP consists of different stations (e.g., hearing and visual impairments, teeth brushing by third‐party cleaners, emotion), which are completed within 15 minutes each by two students at the same time supervised by an educated professional. Students' assessment of the GP at the University of Leipzig, Germany between 2021 and 2024 was evaluated by using written questionnaires.ResultsStudent's experiences and perceptions of the GP highlighted its positive influence on their understanding of ageing. Most students stated that the course enriched their professional knowledge and dispelled misconceptions about ageing in patients. Some students expressed personal concerns about ageing. Students found the transfer from a wheelchair to a dental chair station most beneficial for their future work life, while the clinical nutrition station received the lowest rating.DiscussionThe GP illustrates ageing with its limitations. The students and supervisors appreciated this practical training. However, when planning a GP, it is necessary to provide the necessary resources for the course. Students from the higher years can also be recruited and trained as supervisors.ConclusionThe GP can be easily adapted to the number of students and supervisors as well as to the time available. As the students found the GP to be a helpful educational instrument, the authors recommend including it as mandatory in the dental education curriculum.
Mental State Recognition Deficits Linked to Brain Changes in Parkinson's Disease Without Dementia
Authors: Funghi Giulia , Rabini Giuseppe , Meli Claudia , Speranza Chiara , Pierotti Enrica , Saviola Francesca , Tambalo Stefano , Zappini Francesca , Fumagalli Giorgio , Turella Luca , Jovicich Jorge , Papagno Costanza , Dodich Alessandra 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRecent studies have reported social cognitive deficits, particularly in emotional processing, in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, a comprehensive characterization of these deficits and their underlying neural correlates remains elusive. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between deficits in the recognition of complex mental states and structural/functional brain changes in non‐demented PD individuals. To reach this aim, 24 PD participants underwent clinical assessment, neuropsychological testing and the FAcial Complex Expressions (FACE) test, a novel test of complex mental state recognition from faces. Patients were classified as clinically impaired (n = 8) or unimpaired (n = 16) based on performance on this test. Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired to investigate the association between FACE test performance and both resting‐state functional connectivity and grey matter volume, within the emotion understanding network and at the whole‐brain level. Statistical analyses also included the comparison of imaging metrics between the impaired and unimpaired groups. Results showed that complex mental state recognition in PD was significantly associated with both defective and compensatory mechanisms at the functional and anatomical level within the emotion understanding network, particularly involving the amygdala, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, primary/secondary somatosensory cortices, and right anterior temporal cortex. Whole‐brain results extended the network to temporal and medial frontal areas. In conclusion, reduced recognition of complex mental states in non‐demented PD patients is associated with alterations in the emotion understanding network A comprehensive characterization of early emotional deficits in these patients may have significant implications in the characterization of the cognitive phenotype, with potential benefit for tailored non‐pharmacological intervention.
Tau PET Imaging With [18F]MK‐6240: Limited Affinity for Primary Tauopathies and High Specificity for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Gérard Thomas , Colmant Lise , Malotaux Vincent , Salman Yasmine , Huyghe Lara , Quenon Lisa , Boyer Emilien , Dricot Laurence , Ivanoiu Adrian , Lhommel Renaud , Hanseeuw Bernard 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionSecond‐generation tau‐PET tracers like [18F]MK‐6240 are increasingly used both for diagnosing and quantifying Alzheimer's Disease (AD) tauopathy. However, while [18F]MK‐6240 tau‐PET has demonstrated excellent sensitivity for AD tauopathy, data assessing its specificity and binding in non‐AD tauopathies are still scarce.MethodsParticipants were assigned to exclusive categorical diagnoses based on their amyloid (Aβ) and cognitive status. We quantified mesiotemporal (MTL) and neocortical [18F]MK‐6240 tau‐PET signal in 28 Aβ− cognitively impaired (CI) patients presenting various non‐AD neurodegenerative disorders. Tau‐PET quantifications were compared with Aβ− cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects (n = 51) and Aβ+ CI patients (n = 77).ResultsAmong the 28 Aβ− impaired subjects, only five presented significant and isolated mesiotemporal signal, most of them being suspected of primary age‐related tauopathy (PART). Only two Aβ− impaired patients (7%) presented positive neocortical signal, both being diagnosed with fronto‐temporal degeneration (FTD). The Tau‐PET results of all the remaining Aβ− patients were comparable to the CU population, including eight other FTD patients. Importantly, 4R‐only tauopathies (CBD and PSP) and sv‐PPA were negative.Conclusion[18F]MK‐6240 tau‐PET has a special affinity for tauopathies involving 3R/4R paired helical filaments: AD, PART (Aβ− subjects with MTL‐restricted tau‐PET signal) and some forms of FTD while most primary tauopathies do not exhibit significant cortical signal. Positive neocortical scans are therefore highly specific for AD tauopathy. Based on those and previous results, we propose a diagnostic flowchart for MCI subjects suspected of AD or another tauopathy which may significantly reduce the need for amyloid PET or CSF measurement.
Sino‐nasal lymphoma
Authors: Hollis A. R. 
Published: February 2025

SummarySino‐nasal neoplasia is rare in horses, and most reports are limited to small numbers of cases, making it challenging to draw firm conclusions from the available literature. Exploring data from other species often assists the equine practitioner to better understand rare diseases in horses, but there are limited data about sino‐nasal lymphoma in other species. The association with human herpes virus 4 (Epstein–Barr virus) in all reported cases of sino‐nasal T‐cell lymphoma in humans is especially interesting, but the rarity of this tumour in horses makes such an association with equine herpes virus extremely challenging to investigate.
Lineage Tracking Dissects the Fate of Neonatal iNKT Cells Later in Life
Authors: Liu Jun , Yang Biao , Hu Danchen , Yuan Ning , Li Wenhua , Feng Zhao , Su Yanhong , Zhang Dan , Yang Xiaofeng , Zhang Baojun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInvariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in peripheral tissues are from different waves ranged from foetal, neonatal to adult ages. However, it is unclear how iNKT cells from different ages maintain in the periphery and what are their functionality. We found that in adult mice, neonate tracked‐iNKT (NT‐iNKT) cells are present in spleen, bone marrow, liver and lung, with a predominantly accumulation in the kidney. The NT‐iNKT cells in the kidney are almost iNKT1 cells and express tissue‐resident marker CD69. These cells also exhibit higher level of CD122 and possess a stronger proliferative capacity compared to adult tracked‐iNKT (AT‐iNKT) cells. Furthermore, we found that NT‐iNKT cells potentially secrete more IFN‐γ than AT‐iNKT cells in vitro and in vivo (a‐GalCer immunisation). Overall, our study sheds light on the peripheral behaviour and functionality of NT‐ and AT‐iNKT cells, highlighting the potential role of NT‐iNKT cells in the kidney during immune response.
Clinical Support System for Healthcare Providers Using Big Data Analytics
Authors: Arunmozhi Arasan K. , Ramaraj E. , Padmapriya A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe healthcare industry is rapidly evolving due to digital innovation and technological advancements. The increasing volume of healthcare data necessitates efficient analytical methods to extract meaningful insights. Traditional health data analysis platforms primarily focus on data collection, aggregation, processing, analysis, visualisation, and interpretation. However, challenges remain in optimising these processes for effective disease prediction and decision‐making.MethodsThis study proposes the k‐means termite clustering model (KTCM) as a novel optimisation approach for healthcare data analysis. The model integrates graph reduction techniques for data preprocessing, followed by storage in a clinical database. A mining algorithm is employed to analyse the processed data, enhancing predictive accuracy. Healthcare professionals receive training on standardised prediction methodologies to refine disease forecasting based on historical benchmarks. The model's performance is evaluated using statistical metrics, including R², REMS, MSE, MAE and MAPE.ResultsThe proposed KTCM model demonstrates superior predictive performance, achieving an R² value of 99.7%, surpassing other existing methods. The advanced clustering and optimisation techniques improve the accuracy and efficiency of disease prediction, thereby aiding healthcare professionals in making informed decisions.ConclusionThe KTCM approach significantly enhances healthcare data analysis by optimising disease prediction through efficient clustering and mining techniques. The model's high accuracy and improved parameter optimisation validate its effectiveness in clinical decision support. Future work may explore further refinements in algorithmic performance and real‐time implementation in healthcare systems.
Dual Esthetic Enhancement of Class III Profile and Gummy Smile With Facial Esthetic Bone Augmentation and Orthodontic Therapy
Authors: Watahiki Junichi , Wada Akihiro , Suzawa Tetsuo , Izawa Hidehiko , Onizuka Hiroyasu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis case report examines the combination of orthodontic treatment and bone augmentation using an interdisciplinary approach to simultaneously improve a gummy smile and Class III facial profile. The subject is a 26‐year‐old female presenting with a gummy smile, congenitally missing teeth, an open bite tendency, and a Class III profile with a left‐deviated mandible.Clinical ConsiderationsThe interdisciplinary treatment included lingual inclination of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth to improve the gummy smile, facial esthetic bone augmentation (FABA) to enhance facial esthetics, and implant therapy for the missing teeth. Additionally, interdisciplinary treatment objectives and postoperative facial profile predictions were planned using the Dual Incisal Positioning (DIP) method.ConclusionThe desired facial profile was achieved, with esthetic improvements in both the gummy smile and Class III profile. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach that combines the DIP and FABA methods to address multifaceted dental and facial esthetic challenges.
Growing together, knowing together: Dynamics of interracial parenting of mixed‐race children
Authors: Lengyell Marguerite , Weststrate Nic M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to understand how interracial couples collaboratively describe and make meaning of co‐parenting their mixed‐race children.BackgroundParenting for interracial couples has become more complex as matters related to race have been pushed to the forefront of public discourse. Existing research often focuses on individual parents' retrospective accounts of co‐parenting mixed‐race children, with findings that vary depending on the parent's racial identity and gender. Notably these studies have predominately centered on the experiences of mothers, leaving a gap in understanding the perspectives of fathers and the dynamics between both parents in co‐parenting relationships.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with six interracial couples in Toronto, Canada, about co‐parenting school‐aged (6–12 years) mixed‐race children. The couples, aged 38–49, were in long‐term relationships (15+ years), married or in common‐law unions, and identified as middle class. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsResults showed that meanings ascribed to co‐parenting experiences varied across three relationship phases: courtship and early stages of the interracial relationship; becoming parents and early parenting experiences; and co‐parenting school‐aged mixed‐race children. Interactions revealed that navigating the journey of co‐parenting mixed‐race children involved an intricate process of mutual growth for couples. Each stage of the relationship catalyzed deeper understandings and fostered resilient familial bonds.ConclusionThese findings highlight the unique dynamics of interracial co‐parenting, underscoring the pivotal role of shared learning in shaping familial dynamics ultimately contributing to more inclusive narratives around family and parenting in diverse societies.
Bulevirtide in Chronic Hepatitis D Patients Awaiting Liver Transplantation Results From a French Multicentric Retrospective Study
Authors: Meszaros Magdalena , Hilleret Marie‐Noëlle , Dumortier Jérôme , D'Alteroche Louis , Abergel Armand , Latournerie Marianne , Antonini Teresa , Conti Filomena , Borentain Patrick , Dharancy Sébastien , Pageaux Georges‐Philippe 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsThe impact of bulevirtide in patients awaiting liver transplantation (LT) for decompensated liver disease and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. We assessed clinical, virological, and biochemical responses to bulevirtide in patients with chronic hepatitis delta virus (HDV) awaiting LT and compared outcomes with a cohort of similar untreated patients.MethodsConsecutive HDV‐infected patients waiting for LT since bulevirtide approval were included. Patients receiving 2 mg of bulevirtide daily had clinical, biological, and virological data collected at baseline, Week 24, Week 48, at LT, and post‐LT. Patients not receiving bulevirtide had data collected at baseline, LT, and post‐LT for comparison.ResultsForty‐one patients from nine LT centers were included. In the bulevirtide group (20 patients; mean age 52.8 ± 9.98 years; 75% male), 65%, 10% and 25% were Child‐Pugh A, B and C, respectively. Fifteen completed 48 weeks of therapy. At 48 weeks, median HDV RNA decreased by 2.56 log IU/mL (p = 0.004). Virological and biochemical responses were obtained in 73.3% and 66.6% of patients. Twelve patients (60%) underwent LT. No serious adverse events occurred. Bulevirtide improved liver function, enabling one (7.1%) HCC patient to undergo chemoembolization while on the WL and leading to delisting of three (15%) other patients. In untreated patients (mean age 42.9 ± 7.9 years; 76.2% Child‐Pugh C), none were delisted. Three‐month transplant‐free survival was 76.9% in the bulevirtide group versus 36.7% (p = 0.007) in the control group.ConclusionsBulevirtide demonstrates safety and efficacy in HDV‐infected patients listed on the LT waiting list and may potentially improve pre‐transplant outcomes.
Weight gain, obesity, and the impact of lifestyle factors among people living with HIV: A systematic review
Authors: Gilberti Giulia , Tiecco Giorgio , Marconi Silvia , Marullo Monica , Zanini Barbara , Quiros‐Roldan Eugenia 
Published: February 2025

SummaryHIV remains a significant health concern, but the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed it into a manageable chronic condition. However, weight gain and obesity pose a substantial challenge for people living with HIV (PLWH). Moreover, the role of lifestyle has not yet been comprehensively investigated. This review aims to provide an updated perspective on the role of lifestyle factors in weight gain and obesity among PLWH. A systematic search was conducted on Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov according to PRISMA guidelines. Overall, 378 articles were identified, of which 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. No article comprehensively addressed all lifestyle factors, and only 8 (36.4%) evaluated 3 or more factors. Addictions (72.7%), food (34.4%), and physical activity (31.8%) were the most analyzed aspects. An absence of concordance was identified among the articles concerning the timing of assessments, methodologies employed in surveys, and the operational definitions utilized for “weight gain,” “overweight,” and “obesity.” Weight gain in PLWH represents a complex phenomenon necessitating a holistic approach to promote well‐being in this vulnerable population.
Wittgenstein and Waismann's open texture
Authors: Ben‐Yami Hanoch 
Published: February 2025

AbstractI track the origin in Wittgenstein's work of Waismann's concept of open texture and compare their related ideas. Although Waismann published his work on open texture before the publication of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations, he had access to drafts of that work and to other writings of Wittgenstein and heard him present related ideas. A key example of his is closely derived from Wittgenstein's work. We shall see advantages of Wittgenstein's ideas over Waismann's. Waismann does not satisfactorily distinguish semantic from epistemic points; he seems to think that drawing boundaries is done only by definitions; he unjustly sees open texture as the possibility of vagueness, which he problematically conceives as a fluctuating use of a word, and more. In all these respects, Wittgenstein is more precise in his characterisation of the idea. Accordingly, we better follow Wittgenstein in our use of the concept of open texture.
GOUTERMAN – A module for simulations of tetrapyrrole optical spectra
Authors: Du Hai , Taniguchi Masahiko , Diers James R. , Kirmaier Christine , Bocian David F. , Lindsey Jonathan S. , Holten Dewey 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTetrapyrrole macrocycles comprise the pigments of life (heme, chlorophylls, etc.) and together with synthetic analogues also find wide use in materials chemistry and the life sciences. The distinct colors of the various macrocycles are essential features. A time‐honored approach for understanding the electronic spectra entails analyzing the impact of molecular composition on the relative energies of the four frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) of these 18‐π annulenes. While first introduced by Prof. Martin Gouterman in 1959, use of the four‐orbital model has been largely conceptual. Here, a computational module (GOUTERMAN) is introduced that takes as input the energies of the four MOs, provides user control over key parameters (configuration‐interaction energies, dipole strengths, spectral widths), and outputs simulated absorption spectra. The energies of the MOs can be calculated independently (e.g., from density functional theory) or drawn from a small database that is provided. The MO energies and key parameters can be toggled and spectral changes viewed. The GOUTERMAN module is available in PhotochemCAD as a tool for both specialists and non‐specialists to visualize, via hands‐on experience, the connections between the structural and spectral properties of the tetrapyrrole chromophores found ubiquitously in Nature and used widely in research.