bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges, Coping, and Resilience Among Immigrant Parents Caring for a Child With a Disability: An Integrative Review
Authors: Alsharaydeh Ethar A. , Alqudah Muhammad , Lee Regina Lai Tong , Chan Sally Wai-Chi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this integrative review is to synthesize quantitative and qualitative research evidence on challenges in caring for a child with a disability among immigrant parents and to understand their coping strategies and resiliency factors associated with their coping.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies from the following databases: MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, PsycINFO, Social work abstract, Cochrane library, and EMBASE.FindingsThis review included 25 studies: 1 quantitative, 23 qualitative, and 1 narrative review. The main challenges that parents faced were language barriers, financial hardships, service utilization challenges, poor adaptation to new culture, stigma related to mental illness, discrimination, and social isolation. This review found poor communication and lack of cultural awareness among some healthcare professionals. Immigrant parents used problem‐focused coping, avoidance coping, spiritual coping, and social support to manage their challenges. Parents who received social, emotional, and instrumental support were more resilient. Personality traits and faith were protective factors that enhanced resilience.ConclusionsWhen immigration and disability are considered concurrently, the burden of care multiplies. Immigrant parents with children who have disabilities faced extra challenges related to adaptation, finance, service utilization, and stigma. Healthcare providers can play an important role in aiding these parents in service utilization and adaptation.SignificanceThis review adds new knowledge on immigrant parents’ challenges in caring for their children with disabilities. Such knowledge could help health professionals to develop supportive interventions to enhance parental coping and resilience.Clinical RelevanceCulturally appropriate and sensitive communication and care provided by healthcare providers can facilitate service utilization and reduce perceived stigma. Special training provided to healthcare providers regarding the challenges of these families may enhance awareness. Information support and parental support groups may help to enhance parental coping and reduce isolation. An interpreting service should be provided in all aspects of care.
Influence of mastitis metritis agalactia (MMA) on bone and fat metabolism
Authors: Karst Niklas A. , Sidler Xaver , Liesegang Annette 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMastitis metritis agalactia (MMA) is a common disease in post‐partum sows and has a negative effect on sows’ longevity as well as on sows’ and piglets’ health. MMA leads to an inflammatory state. The aim was to investigate the impact of MMA on bone and fat metabolism. The hypothesis was that it is possible to predict MMA by measuring ketone bodies and bone markers. Blood samples from 175 sows were taken within 72 hr after farrowing. Serum was analysed for 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐(OH)‐D), serum crosslaps (CTX‐I), osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), parathyroid hormone (PTH), triglycerides (TG), beta‐hydroxybutyric acid (BHB), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and haptoglobin. Spontaneous urine was collected, and pH value was measured in addition to Ca and P. A proximate analysis of the sows’ diets was performed. Age, litter size, body condition score (BCS) and clinical signs of MMA were recorded for each sow. A multivariable logistic regression was undertaken with disease status (MMA or healthy) as the dependent variable. Significance was accepted at p < .05. MMA sows had a poorer BCS (p < .001) in relation to healthy sows. Age and number of piglets did not differ. MMA sows showed increased serum CTX‐I (p = .004) and decreased serum OC (p < .001). Concentrations of P (p = .007), activity of ALP (p = .002) and BHB (p = .019) as well as TNF‐α (p < .001) and haptoglobin (p = .048) concentrations were increased in MMA sows. No difference in urinary pH value between MMA and healthy sows was found. Our results are in accordance with the known fact that sows are in an extreme catabolic state peripartum. Bone metabolism in MMA sows is much more negatively affected than in healthy sows post‐partum, due to inflammatory processes shown by higher concentrations of pro‐inflammatory cytokines.
Angiosperm to Gymnosperm host‐plant switch entails shifts in microbiota of theWelwitschiabug,Probergrothius angolensis(Distant, 1902)
Authors: Martinez Adam Javier , Onchuru Thomas Ogao , Ingham Chantal Selina , Sandoval‐Calderón Mario , Salem Hassan , Deckert Jürgen , Kaltenpoth Martin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe adaptation of herbivorous insects to new host plants is key to their evolutionary success in diverse environments. Many insects are associated with mutualistic gut bacteria that contribute to the host's nutrition and can thereby facilitate dietary switching in polyphagous insects. However, how gut microbial communities differ between populations of the same species that feed on different host plants remains poorly understood. Most species of Pyrrhocoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are specialist seed‐feeders on plants in the family Malvaceae, although populations of one species,Probergrothius angolensis, have switched to the very distantly relatedWelwitschia mirabilisplant in the Namib Desert. We first compared the development and survival of laboratory populations ofPr. angolensiswith two other pyrrhocorids on seeds ofWelwitschiaand found onlyPr. angolensiswas capable of successfully completing its development. We then collectedPr. angolensisin Namibia from Malvaceae andWelwitschiahost plants, respectively, to assess their bacterial and fungal community profiles using high‐throughput amplicon sequencing. Comparison with long‐term laboratory‐reared insects indicated stable associations ofPr. angolensiswith core bacteria (Commensalibacter,Enterococcus,BartonellaandKlebsiella), but not with fungi or yeasts. Phylogenetic analyses of core bacteria revealed relationships to other insect‐associated bacteria, but also found new taxa indicating potential host‐specialized nutritional roles. Importantly, the microbial community profiles of bugs feeding onWelwitschiaversus Malvaceae revealed stark and consistent differences in the relative abundance of core bacterial taxa that correlate with the host‐plant switch; we were able to reproduce this result through feeding experiments. Thus, a dynamic gut microbiota may provide a means for insect adaptation to new host plants in new environments when food plants are extremely divergent.
Geometric cues forecast the switch from two‐ to three‐dimensional growth in Physcomitrella patens
Authors: Tang Han , Duijts Kilian , Bezanilla Magdalena , Scheres Ben , Vermeer Joop E. M. , Willemsen Viola 
Published: October 2019

Summary

During land colonization, plants acquired a range of body plan adaptations, of which the innovation of three‐dimensional (3D) tissues increased organismal complexity and reproductivity. In the moss, Physcomitrella patens, a 3D leafy gametophore originates from filamentous cells that grow in a two‐dimensional (2D) plane through a series of asymmetric cell divisions. Asymmetric cell divisions that coincide with different cell division planes and growth directions enable the developmental switch from 2D to 3D, but insights into the underlying mechanisms coordinating this switch are still incomplete.
Using 2D and 3D imaging and image segmentation, we characterized two geometric cues, the width of the initial cell and the angle of the transition division plane, which sufficiently distinguished a gametophore initial cell from a branch initial cell. These identified cues were further confirmed in gametophore formation mutants.
The identification of a fluorescent marker allowed us to successfully predict the gametophore initial cell with > 90% accuracy before morphological changes, supporting our hypothesis that, before the transition division, parental cells of the gametophore initials possess different properties from those of the branch initials.
Our results suggest that the cell fate decision of the initial cell is determined in the parental cell, before the transition division.
The Impact of Terrorism on Social Capital: Evidence from the 2015 Charlie Hebdo Paris Shooting
Authors: McCoy Shawn J. , McDonough Ian K. , Roychowdhury Punarjit 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe examine the impact of terrorism on social capital by exploiting variation in the 2014 European Social Survey administration dates coupled with the 2015 Charlie Hebdo attack in Paris, France. Using the difference‐in‐differences estimator, we find that the attack had a positive, causal impact on the overall level of social capital among French respondents. Further, the effect seems to be driven by an increase in institutional and interpersonal trust, as well as by engagement in social networks. This rise in social capital peaks in the immediate aftermath of the terrorist attack but subsequently decays to pre‐attack levels within approximately one month.
Associations of prenatal or infant exposure to acetaminophen or ibuprofen with mid‐childhood executive function and behaviour
Authors: Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L. , Cardenas Andres , Hivert Marie‐France , Tiemeier Henning , Bertoldi Andrea D. , Oken Emily 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundOver‐the‐counter analgesics during pregnancy or infancy may be related to neurobehavioural problems in children, but little is known about effects of different analgesic types, dosage, and timing.ObjectivesExamine associations of acetaminophen and ibuprofen use during pregnancy and infancy with executive function and behaviour problems in children.MethodsWe included 1225 mother‐child pairs from Project Viva, a pre‐birth cohort study. We assessed prenatal acetaminophen and ibuprofen use in early and mid‐pregnancy and infant use in the first year of life using questionnaires. Parents and classroom teachers assessed child behaviours in mid‐childhood (median 8 years), using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), with higher scores indicating worse functioning for both. We examined associations of acetaminophen and ibuprofen use during pregnancy and infancy with mid‐childhood neurobehavioural outcomes using linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsDuring pregnancy, 46.1% of mothers used acetaminophen ≥10 times and 18.4% used any ibuprofen. In the first year, 65.3% and 39.6% of infants received acetaminophen and ibuprofen ≥6 times, respectively. Higher (≥10 vs <10 times) prenatal acetaminophen (β 1.64 points; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59, 2.68) and any ibuprofen (β 1.56, 95% CI 0.19, 2.92) were associated with higher parent‐rated BRIEF global scores. Patterns of association were linear across categories and were similar for other parent‐ and teacher‐rated outcomes. Infancy exposure (≥6 vs <6 times) to acetaminophen (β 1.69, 95% CI 0.51, 2.87) and ibuprofen (β 1.40, 95% CI 0.25, 2.55) were associated with higher parent‐rated BRIEF GEC scores but associations with teacher‐rated scores were weaker.ConclusionsPrenatal and early‐life exposure to acetaminophen and ibuprofen were associated with poorer executive function and behaviour in childhood. These findings highlight the need for further research on the mechanisms through which analgesics may act on fetal and child brain development.
Differences and similarities in scope of practice between registered nurses and nurse specialists in emergency care: an interview study
Authors: Boman Erika , Levy‐Malmberg Rika , Fagerström Lisbeth 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundWide variation exists between the nursing competence requirements seen in the emergency care context and the subsequent design of nursing education programmes. Clarifying nursing roles and scope of practice may shed light on inconsistencies and encourage nurses to work to their full potential.AimDescribe and clarify the overarching similarities and differences in registered nurses’ and nurse specialists’ scope of practice in emergency departments.MethodsA qualitative study performed in Finland and Norway, based on 11 interviews analysed by means of qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe results are presented in three main categories related to nurses’ scope of practice:The nurses share the same role, Competence variesandSame accountability and responsibility, with potential for development of the specialist role.DiscussionGiven the varying educational systems that currently exist, management teams face a more or less impossible task if attempting to standardise the scope of practice for different professional nurse groups. Still, nurse specialists possess competence that could be utilised to improve patient care and some specialisations seem more suitable for emergency care than others. Individual skills and qualifications should be recognised, which would enable nurses to work to their full potential.Conclusion and implicationsNo differences were seen between registered nurses’ and nurse specialists’ role, and professional accountability and responsibilities in the context studied here, although the level of nursing competence differed. Before and even after consensus on uniform competence standards for the different professional nurse groups is reached, management teams should invest in reviewing nurses’ competence in relation to different expertise levels, and strategically recruit so that current health needs in the emergency departments can be met.
Putting life on hold: lived experiences of people with obesity
Authors: Haga Britt Marit , Furnes Bodil , Dysvik Elin , Ueland Venke 
Published: October 2019

Obesity presents challenges in everyday life, one of which involves the existential aspects of living life as a person with obesity. There is a need for understanding the existential experiences, but there is limited in‐depth research about these experiences of people with obesity. The aim of this study was to gain deeper insight into the existential experiences of people dealing with obesity. We performed a qualitative study that included in‐depth interviews with seven men and 14 women with obesity (body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2) aged 18–59 years. The study took a phenomenological–hermeneutic approach in which the participants’ own experiences formed the basis for understanding their lifeworld. The lived experiences of people dealing with obesity were characterised by several existential challenges. One overarching theme—Putting life on hold when struggling with obesity—was developed based on three themes: The body as an impediment to living the desired life, to being oneself and to moving on in life. These findings illustrate the complex existential experience of life, body and existence faced by people dealing with obesity. Based on these findings, we discuss whether people with obesity who experience ‘putting life on hold’ are attuned to live their life to the fullest in some areas. Their embodied experiences seem to challenge them to experience the joy of life, to appear as a whole self and to live life in the moment. Reflecting on obesity in the context of life and life phenomena seems to provide deeper insights into the existence of people living with obesity and may help to advance a more comprehensive approach in obesity health care.
The Performance of Occupational Closure: The Case of Agriculture and Gender
Authors: Shortall Sally , McKee Annie , Sutherland Lee‐Ann 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIt is generally accepted that gendered occupational closure is a thing of the past and the inequalities that women now experience in the labour market are due to segregation and segmentation of employment. In this article it is argued that agriculture still displays gendered occupational closure. Previous research has considered structural closure, focusing on patrilineal inheritance and exclusion from farming organizations. Here structural exclusion is considered, but more attention is paid to the interactional processes of occupational closure. Consideration is given to symbolic interaction, non‐verbal communication, exclusionary tactics and language. How the dominant group justify their actions is considered along with the justification sometimes offered by the subordinate group. How structure and agency intertwine is considered alongside how change occurs. The research is based on qualitative interviews and focus groups conducted in Scotland. The article concludes that change does and has occurred, but the rate of change in agriculture remains low because of processes of gendered structural and interactional social closure.
Design my Doctor: a student‐led intervention
Authors: Nolan Helen Anne , Pocknell Sarah , Berlin Anita , Mathew Rashmi , Bourkiza Rabia , Lasker Rumana , Chowdhury Haleema , Shamsad Sabina 
Published: October 2019

SummaryMany opportunities for patient and public involvement already exist in medical education. Current approaches may not fully harness the educational potential of the patient voice, so it appears that new approaches are worth exploring. This article, co‐written by students and faculty members, describes an educational initiative in which medical students had opportunistic conversations with randomly selected members of the public to explore their priorities regarding health care.MethodsThe ‘Design my Doctor’ project enabled medical students to hear participants’ spontaneous responses to the question ‘What should our medical school teach your future doctors?’ Students experienced the unfiltered patient voice. The 183 responses were recorded in writing, and on video, and were analysed using the nominal group technique. The themes focused on the health care priorities of members of the public.ResultsThemes from the public data included ‘interpersonal qualities’, ‘empowering patients’, ‘medical knowledge’ and the ‘health system’. Student reflective pieces showed how powerful hearing first‐hand unfiltered feedback can be. Engagement in collecting and interpreting data enhanced the significance of the content and the process for the learners. Students realised that ‘medical knowledge’, although important, was not the overriding priority for patients. Students identified specific areas for future application and considered how it could be incorporated systematically into their programme. Discussion:As medical educators, we can use interventions like ‘Design my Doctor’ to facilitate and support students to proactively seek and reflect on patient feedback.
The formation of perinucleolar bodies is important for normal leaf development and requires the zinc‐finger DNA‐binding motif in Arabidopsis ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2
Authors: Luo Lilan , Ando Sayuri , Sakamoto Yuki , Suzuki Takanori , Takahashi Hiro , Ishibashi Nanako , Kojima Shoko , Kurihara Daisuke , Higashiyama Tetsuya , Yamamoto Kotaro T. , Matsunaga Sachihiro , Machida Chiyoko , Sasabe Michiko , Machida Yasunori 
Published: October 2019

SummaryIn Arabidopsis, the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) protein plays a key role in the formation of flat symmetric leaves via direct repression of the abaxial gene ETT/ARF3. AS2 encodes a plant‐specific nuclear protein that contains the AS2/LOB domain, which includes a zinc‐finger (ZF) motif that is conserved in the AS2/LOB family. We have shown that AS2 binds to the coding DNA of ETT/ARF3, which requires the ZF motif. AS2 is co‐localized with AS1 in perinucleolar bodies (AS2 bodies). To identify the amino acid signals in AS2 required for formation of AS2 bodies and function(s) in leaf formation, we constructed recombinant DNAs that encoded mutant AS2 proteins fused to yellow fluorescent protein. We examined the subcellular localization of these proteins in cells of cotyledons and leaf primordia of transgenic plants and cultured cells. The amino acid signals essential for formation of AS2 bodies were located within and adjacent to the ZF motif. Mutant AS2 that failed to form AS2 bodies also failed to rescue the as2‐1 mutation. Our results suggest the importance of the formation of AS2 bodies and the nature of interactions of AS2 with its target DNA and nucleolar factors including NUCLEOLIN1. The partial overlap of AS2 bodies with perinucleolar chromocenters with condensed ribosomal RNA genes implies a correlation between AS2 bodies and the chromatin state. Patterns of AS2 bodies in cells during interphase and mitosis in leaf primordia were distinct from those in cultured cells, suggesting that the formation and distribution of AS2 bodies are developmentally modulated in plants.
Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Calcium Homeostasis and Bone Health With Aging: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhao Yajie , Yang Yajun , Wang Zhiwen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundCalcium homeostasis and bone health are an increasing concern for middle‐aged and older adults. Many studies have explored the positive effects of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics on serum calcium and bone mineral density (BMD) or other parameters related to bone health. However, the participants, the species, doses and duration of interventions, outcomes, and measurements varied among these studies.AimsTo systematically evaluate the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics on maintaining calcium homeostasis and improving bone health in middle‐aged and older adults.MethodsWe identified studies in Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang and articles in English and Chinese published from inception up to January 10, 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics for middle‐aged or older adults were employed for meta‐analysis by using RevMan 5.3, and heterogeneity and risk of bias assessment were performed.ResultsA total of eight studies, involving 564 participants, were included. Probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics supplementation was able to significantly elevate serum calcium levels (0.52 mg/dl, 95% CI [0.38, 0.66]), heterogeneity: p = .13, I2 = 44%), while the results of meta‐analysis failed to support the effects of this supplementation on the parameters related to bone health in middle‐aged and older adults, including BMD, parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase.Linking Evidence to ActionProbiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics supplementation exerts a facilitating influence on the level of serum calcium, while the present study has not yet supported the beneficial effects of such interventions on bone health. Therefore, further studies with high‐quality RCTs are required to determine the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics supplementation on middle‐aged and older adults.