bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary conserved multifunctional nitric oxide synthesis proteins responding to bacterial MAMPs are located at the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Zheng Wenhui , Li Hongchen , Fang Wenqin , Ipcho Simon , Hennessy Rosanna C. , Hansen Bjoern Oest , Lu Guodong , Wang Zonghua , Newman Mari-Anne , Olsson Stefan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMost Eukaryotic organisms produce nitric oxide (NO); however, the mechanisms underpinning NO’s biosynthesis are only known in animals. In animals, there seems to be a non-described additional system for producing NO in many cell types, including blood vessels where NO is essential for blood pressure control. NO is known to be a signalling molecule of the innate immunity system in plants and fungi although no NO generation has yet been described. In the plant pathogenic fungusFusarium graminearum,we demonstrate an extra NO-producing system in fungi that seems also present in mammals and plants and, thus, likely the evolutionary original. The discovered NO-producing enzymes are already well-known sterol-producing enzymes with more than one function. Both these enzymes are targets for statins and the major fungicides; thus, the NO production of the new system has consequences for agriculture (pathogen resistance and control) and medicine (blood pressure control, immunity and sepsis).
Ventricular, atrial and outflow tract heart progenitors arise from spatially and molecularly distinct regions of the primitive streak
Authors: Ivanovitch Kenzo , Soro-Barrio Pablo , Chakravarty Probir , Jones Rebecca A , Bell Donald M , Gharavy S. Neda Mousavy , Stamataki Despina , Delile Julien , Smith James C , Briscoe James 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe heart develops from two sources of mesoderm progenitors, the first and second heart field (FHF and SHF). Using a single cell transcriptomic assay in combination with genetic lineage tracing, we find the FHF and SHF are subdivided into distinct pools of progenitors in gastrulating mouse embryos at earlier stages than previously thought. Each subpopulation has a distinct origin in the primitive streak. The first progenitors to leave the primitive streak contribute to the left ventricle, shortly after right ventricle progenitor emigrate, followed by the outflow tract and atrial progenitors. Moreover, a subset of atrial progenitors are gradually incorporated in posterior locations of the FHF. Although cells allocated to the outflow tract and atrium leave the primitive streak at a similar stage, they arise from different regions. Outflow tract cells originate from distal locations in the primitive streak while atrial progenitors are positioned more proximally. Moreover, single cell RNA sequencing demonstrates that the primitive streak cells contributing to the ventricles have a distinct molecular signature from those forming the outflow tract and atrium. We conclude that cardiac progenitors are pre-patterned within the primitive streak and this prefigures their allocation to distinct anatomical structures of the heart. Together, our data provide a new molecular and spatial map of mammalian cardiac progenitors that will support future studies of heart development, function and disease.
Combination of loop-mediated isothermal amplification and AuNP-oligoprobe colourimetric assay for pork authentication in processed-meat products
Authors: Thangsunan Pattanapong , Temisak Sasithon , Morris Phattaraporn , Rios-Solis Leonardo , Suree Nuttee 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPork adulteration is a major concern for Muslims and Jews whose diets are restricted by religious beliefs, as well as those who are allergic to pork meat and its derivatives. Accurate pork authentication is of great importance to assist this demographic group of people in making decision on their product purchase. The aim of this study was to develop a new analytical method for pork authentication in processed-meat products based on a combination of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and AuNP-nanoprobe colourimetric assay. The LAMP conditions were first optimised to obtain the highest yield of amplified DNA products within the shortest time. Oligoprobe-functionalised AuNPs were then hybridised with LAMP-DNA amplicons, and subsequently challenged with MgSO4at a high concentration to induce AuNP aggregation. In the presence of pork DNA, the colloidal AuNPs-probe remained unchanged in its red colour, which indicates the dispersion of AuNPs. In contrast, in the absence of pork DNA, the colour was changed to colourless as a result from the aggregation of AuNPs. The LAMP-AuNP-nanoprobe assay offers a high sensitivity with a limit of detection as low as 100 pg of pork DNA. The assay is highly specific to pork content without cross-reactivity with the other meat species tested. The assay developed herein can become a simple, inexpensive, precise, and rapid analytical tool for small laboratories or the general public interested in halal food authentication.
ARHGEF18/p114RhoGEF coordinates PKA/CREB signaling and actomyosin remodeling to drive trophoblast cell-cell fusion during placenta morphogenesis
Authors: Beal Robert , Fernandez Ana Alonso-Carriazo , Grammatopoulos Dimitris K. , Matter Karl , Balda Maria S. 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYCoordination of cell-cell adhesion, actomyosin dynamics and gene expression is crucial for morphogenetic processes underlying tissue and organ development. Rho GTPases are main regulators of the cytoskeleton and adhesion. They are activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. However, the roles of these Rho GTPase activators during complex developmental processes are still poorly understood. ARHGEF18/p114RhoGEF is a tight junction-associated RhoA activator that forms complexes with myosin II, and regulates actomyosin contractility. Here we show that p114RhoGEF/ ARHGEF18 is required for mouse syncytiotrophoblast differentiation and placenta development.In vitroandin vivoexperiments identify that p114RhoGEF controls expression of AKAP12, a protein regulating PKA signalling, and is required for PKA-induced actomyosin remodelling, CREB-driven gene expression of proteins required for trophoblast differentiation, and, hence, trophoblast cell-cell fusion. Our data thus indicate that p114RhoGEF links actomyosin dynamics and cell-cell junctions to PKA/CREB signalling, gene expression and cell-cell fusion.
Micro-biogeography greatly matters for competition: Continuous chaotic bioprinting of spatially-controlled bacterial microcosms
Authors: Ceballos-González Carlos Fernando , Bolívar-Monsalve Edna Johana , Quevedo-Moreno Diego Alonso , Lam-Aguilar Li Lu , Borrayo-Montaño Karen Ixchel , Yee-de León Juan Felipe , Zhang Yu Shrike , Moisés Alvarez Mario , Santiago Grissel Trujillo-de 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCells do not work alone but instead function as collaborative micro-societies. The spatial distribution of different bacterial strains (micro-biogeography) in a shared volumetric space, and their degree of intimacy, greatly influences their societal behavior. Current microbiological techniques are commonly focused on the culture of well-mixed bacterial communities and fail to reproduce the micro-biogeography of polybacterial societies.Here, fine-scale bacterial microcosms are bioprinted using chaotic flows induced by a printhead containing a static mixer. This straightforward approach (i.e., continuous chaotic bioprinting) enables the fabrication of hydrogel constructs with intercalated layers of bacterial strains. These multi-layered constructs are used to analyze how the spatial distributions of bacteria affect their social behavior. Bacteria within these biological microsystems engage in either cooperation or competition, depending on the degree of shared interface. Remarkably, the extent of inhibition in predator-prey scenarios increases when bacteria are in greater intimacy. Furthermore, twoEscherichia colistrains exhibit competitive behavior in well-mixed microenvironments, whereas stable coexistence prevails for longer times in spatially structured communities. Finally, the simultaneous extrusion of four inks is demonstrated, enabling the creation of higher complexity scenarios.Thus, chaotic bioprinting will contribute to the development of a greater complexity of polybacterial microsystems, tissue-microbiota models, and biomanufactured materials.
Flexibility and mobility of SARS-CoV-2-related protein structures
Authors: Römer Rudolf A. , Römer Navodya S. , Wallis A. Katrine 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe worldwide CoVid-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented push across the whole of the scientific community to develop a potent antiviral drug and vaccine as soon as possible. Existing academic, governmental and industrial institutions and companies have engaged in large-scale screening of existing drugs, in vitro, in vivo and in silico. Here, we are using in silico modelling of SARS-CoV-2 drug targets, i.e. SARS-CoV-2 protein structures as deposited on the Protein Databank (PDB). We study their flexibility, rigidity and mobility, an important first step in trying to ascertain their dynamics for further drug-related docking studies. We are using a recent protein flexibility modelling approach, combining protein structural rigidity with possible motion consistent with chemical bonds and sterics. For example, for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the open configuration, our method identifies a possible further opening and closing of the S1 subunit through movement of SBdomain. With full structural information of this process available, docking studies with possible drug structures are then possible in silico. In our study, we present full results for the more than 200 thus far published SARS-CoV-2-related protein structures in the PDB.
A PP2A-Integrator complex fine-tunes transcription by opposing CDK9
Authors: Vervoort Stephin J. , Welsh Sarah A. , Devlin Jennifer R. , Barbieri Elisa , Knight Deborah A. , Costacurta Matteo , Todorovski Izabela , Kearney Conor J. , Sandow Jarrod J. , Bjelosevic Stefan , Fan Zheng , Vissers Joep H. A. , Pavic Karolina , Martin Ben P. , Gregory Gareth , Kong Isabella Y. , Hawkins Edwin D. , Hogg Simon J. , Kelly Madison J. , Newbold Andrea , Simpson Kaylene J. , Kauko Otto , Harvey Kieran F. , Ohlmeyer Michael , Westermarck Jukka , Gray Nathanael , Gardini Alessandro , Johnstone Ricky W. 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYGene expression is tightly controlled by Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) which regulate the RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription cycle at discrete checkpoints. RNAPII pausing is a CDK9-controlled rate-limiting process that occurs shortly after initiation and is required for spatio-temporal control of transcription in multicellular organisms. We discovered that CDK9-mediated RNAPII pause-release is functionally opposed by a protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) complex. PP2A dynamically competes for key CDK9 substrates, DSIF and RNAPII, and is recruited to transcription pausing sites by INTS6, a subunit of the Integrator complex. INTS6 depletion disrupts the Integrator-PP2A association and confers resistance to CDK9 inhibition. This results in unrestrained activity of CDK9 and dysregulation of acute transcriptional responses. Pharmacological PP2A activation amplifies RNAPII pausing mediated by CDK9 inhibitors and synergizes therapeutically in a model of MLL-rearranged leukemia. These data demonstrate that finely-tuned gene expression relies on the delicate balance of kinase and phosphatase activity throughout the transcription cycle.HIGHLIGHTSLoss of INTS6 confers resistance to CDK9 inhibitionINTS6 recruits PP2A to Integrator and chromatinPP2A/INTS6 complexes functionally oppose CDK9PP2A/INTS6 fine-tune acute transcriptional responsesSynergistic anti-cancer activity between PP2A activators and CDK9 inhibitors
Sub-3 Å resolution structure of 110 kDa nitrite reductase determined by 200 kV cryogenic electron microscopy
Authors: Adachi Naruhiko , Yamaguchi Takahide , Moriya Toshio , Kawasaki Masato , Koiwai Kotaro , Shinoda Akira , Yamada Yusuke , Yumoto Fumiaki , Kohzuma Takamitsu , Senda Toshiya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCu-containing nitrite reductases (NiRs), a well-studied family of 110 kDa enzymes, play central roles in denitrification and have over 100 Protein Data Bank entries. However, such issues as crystal packing, photoreduction, and lack of high pH cases have impeded structural analysis of the catalytic mechanism. Here we show the cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures ofAchromobacter cycloclastesNiR (AcNiR) at 2.99 and 2.85 Å resolution with pH 6.2 and 8.1, respectively. Comprehensive comparisons with cryo-EM and 56AcNiR crystal structures suggested crystallographic artifacts in residues 185–215 and His255 due to packing and photoreduction, respectively. With electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, a newly developed map comparison method supported local structural changes at pH 8.1 around the type-2 Cu site, including His255 deprotonation. While the theoretical coordination error estimation of cryo-EM structures remains difficult, combined analysis using X-ray and cryo-EM structures will allow deeper insight into the local structural changes of proteins.
Encoding and control of airflow orientation by a set ofDrosophilafan-shaped body neurons
Authors: Currier Timothy A. , Matheson Andrew M. M. , Nagel Katherine I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHow brain circuits convert sensory signals into goal-oriented movement is a central question in neuroscience. In insects, a region known as the Central Complex (CX) is believed to support navigation, but how its compartments process diverse sensory cues to guide navigation is not fully clear. To address this question, we recorded from genetically-identified CX cell types inDrosophilaand presented directional visual, olfactory, and airflow cues known to elicit orienting behavior. We found that a group of columnar neurons targeting the ventral fan-shaped body (ventral P-FNs) are robustly tuned for airflow direction. Unlike compass neurons (E-PGs), ventral P-FNs do not generate a “map” of airflow direction; rather they are tuned to two directions – approximately 45° to the right or left of the midline – depending on the hemisphere of the cell body. Ventral P-FNs with both direction preferences innervate each CX column, potentially forming a basis for constructing representations of airflow in various directions. We explored two possible sources for ventral P-FN airflow tuning, and found that they mostly likely inherit these responses via a pathway from the lateral accessory lobe (LAL) to the noduli (NO). Silencing ventral P-FNs prevented flies from adopting stable orientations relative to airflow in closed-loop flight. Specifically, silenced flies selected improper corrective turns following changes in airflow direction, but not after airflow pauses, suggesting a specific deficit in sensory-motor action selection. Our results identify a group of central complex neurons that robustly encode airflow direction and are required for proper orientation to this stimulus.
A novel and accurate analytical-numerical method for inrush current modeling of three-limb power transformers
Authors: Taghikhani Mohammad Ali , Taghikhani Zahra 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Using appropriate solution techniques for transformer inrush current transient study is of great prominence owing to the inevitable inclusion of differential equations leading to complicated analysis procedures. This study aims to propose an analytical-numerical method to accurately analyze the three-phase three-limb core-type transformer inrush current in different cases considering the nonlinear behavior of the iron core.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed method focuses on acquiring equations for inrush current and also the magnetic core flux by the application of a simulation-based iterative approach. In this regard, multiple integral equations are solved taking the time intervals into account. Then several derivations and integrations of matrix terms are substituted into the obtained results so as to simplify the solution process.

Findings
The method provides notable enhancements in computation time and also excellent qualities of accuracy compared with conventional numerical methods.

Practical implications
The proposed method is simulated for two three-phase transformers via MATLAB software. The obtained simulation results have been also compared with experimental tests.

Originality/value
Actually, the analytical-numerical method is capable of computing higher number of iterations in a shorter time efficiently, while making use of the conventional numerical procedures may not result in expected convergences. The simulation results of the proposed analytical-numerical technique illustrate a close agreement with the experimental test, and hence, verify the method preciousness.
EXOS: does the retention of salesforce matter in entrepreneurial start-ups?
Authors: Kumar Jitender , Gupta Ashish , Tapar Archit Vinod , Khan Md Chand Rashid 
Published: July 2020

Learning outcomes
The cases highlight the challenges in running a new start-up especially by women in a developing nation such as India in a high growth industry. The success of a business depends on employee motivation, sales, marketing, functional coordination and coordinated efforts from all the executives. Experten Office Supplies Pvt. Ltd. (EXOS) was women empowered entrepreneurial startup (printing) in Mumbai established themselves as a trustable brand among their clientele for their office stationeries need. At Initial stages, they started with a good pace and growth in revenue. Directors of EXOS, Komal and Upasana Sanjay Kumar, were facing a downturn, their declining sales and were stressed regarding the resignation of their core member Pravin. The reasons for the situation were many, including unplanned motivational factors, non-risk-taking ability, no proper sales management (organization structure), planning process issues, lack of reward system and dependency on a person, less marketing initiative. These issues must be resolved to come back in the business, increase its sales, better sales organization structure. After the case analysis, students should be able to: know the key role of marketing and sales as a management function. Develop motivation policies for the salesforce and key team members in the organization. Understand the salesforce retention strategies of the organization.

Case overview/synopsis
In September 2019, directors of EXOS, Komal and Upasana Sanjay Kumar were discussing the downturn of EXOS and were stressed regarding their declining sales and profit margin. Both were disappointed at the resignation of their Business Manager. They were in worry as the new deal that they were about to get which could have made them earn, but Pravin resigned from the job in short notice. The case has short- and long-term aspects. The short-term aspect is about the decision related to EXOS’s top performer, Pravin, how to retain him, which motivational factor will help him to rethink his resignation. The long-term aspect deals with framing a motivation model that will prevent the organization from a similar situation in the future. The case outlines the human resource management issues and particularly the importance of motivation to retain the talent of a small startup firm. Directors recognize the importance of Pravin and they have a realization that the deal on which Pravin is working is critical. Under this situation, Upasana has to stop Pravin.

Complexity academic level
Undergraduate, Master of Business Administration (MBA) or in the Management Development Programs.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS: 8 Marketing.
Financial characteristics of takeover targets: a French empirical evidence
Authors: Meghouar Hicham , Ibrahimi Mohammed 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to highlight the financial characteristics of large French targets which were subject to takeovers during the period 2001–2007 and thereafter deduct the implicit motivations of acquirers.Design/methodology/approachUsing a global sample of 128 French listed companies (64 targets and 64 non-targets), the authors carried out Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney testing and logistic regression in order to test nine hypotheses likely to discriminate between the two categories of companies (targets and non-targets).FindingsAccording to the results, target firms are more unbalanced in terms of growth resources and less rich in liquidity than their peers. They have unused debt capacity, offer greater opportunities for growth than firms in the control group and present low levels of value creation.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this study is regarding the sample size, limited by the exclusive use of large firms (deals of over $100m). The scope of this research could be broadened in future by including medium-sized companies.Practical implicationsThe authors believe that their results have two major implications. First, they enable market investors to achieve abnormal returns by investing in predicted targets through a portfolio of high takeover probability firms. Second, CEO of companies that are potentially targeted can assess their takeover likelihood in order to act and to manage such a situation for the benefit of their shareholders.Originality/valueThis research concerns the last wave of takeover prior to the subprime-mortgage financial crisis (2001–2007), a period that has not been sufficiently covered in empirical studies. This research contributes to the existing literature in two main respects. First, the results of this study improve our understanding of motivations for takeovers, particularly in the French context. Second, the introduction of new accounting and financial variables, not previously tested in the literature, enriches the available information concerning the profile of takeover targets.
Exploring interdisciplinary teamwork to support effective ward rounds
Authors: Walton Victoria , Hogden Anne , Long Janet C. , Johnson Julie , Greenfield David 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to explore if health professionals share understanding of teamwork that supports collaborative ward rounds.Design/methodology/approachA purpose-designed survey was conducted in two acute medical and two rehabilitation wards from a metropolitan teaching hospital. Medical officers, nurses and allied health professionals participated. To understand characteristics that support collaborative ward rounds, questions developed from literature and industry experience asked: what are the enablers and challenges to teamwork; and what are clinicians’ experiences of positive teamwork? Descriptive and thematic analyses were applied to the dimensions of effective teamwork as a framework for deductive coding.FindingsSeventy-seven clinicians participated (93% response rate). Findings aligned with dimensions of teamwork framework. There was no meaningful difference between clinicians or specialty. Enablers to teamwork were: effective communication, shared understanding of patient goals, and colleague’s roles. Challenges were ineffective communication, individual personalities, lack of understanding about roles and responsibilities, and organisational structure. Additional challenges included: time; uncoordinated treatment planning; and leadership. Positive teamwork was influenced by leadership and team dynamics.Practical implicationsWard rounds benefit from a foundation of collaborative teamwork. Different dimensions of teamwork present during ward rounds support clinicians’ shared understanding of roles, expectations and communication.Originality/valueRounds such as structured rounding, aim to improve teamwork. Inverting this concept to first develop effective collaboration will support team adaptability and resilience. This enables teams to transition between the multiple rounding processes undertaken in a single ward. The emphasis becomes high-quality teamwork rather than a single rounding process.