bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topography strongly affects drought stress and xylem embolism resistance in woody plants from a karst forest in Southwest China
Authors: Zhang Qi‐Wei , Zhu Shi‐Dan , Jansen Steven , Cao Kun‐Fang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Xylem resistance to drought‐induced embolism is an important trait determining plant distribution. In the karst hills of Southwest China, with a relatively small variation in altitude, soil depth and water availability strongly decrease from the foot towards the top, and woody plant species display distinct spatial distribution.

For testing the hypothesis that embolism resistance of leaf and stem xylem reflects the spatial distribution across species along a topographical gradient of the karst hills, we measured the xylem water potential in the dry season, vulnerability to drought‐induced embolism in stems and leaves, and relevant anatomical traits in 17 evergreen species with a different topographical distribution.

We found that from the foot towards the hill top, plant water potential sharply decreased, and both stem and leaf xylem showed increasing resistance to hydraulic dysfunction and drought‐resistant anatomical characteristics, but non‐significant variation in specific hydraulic conductivity. Also, hydraulic safety margins increased with relative altitude and thus increasing hydraulic safety. Hydraulic safety underlies the local distribution of the species, but does not come at the cost of hydraulic efficiency.

Our results demonstrate that plant hydraulic safety largely shape the niche differentiation and hence community assembly in highly heterogeneous and water‐limited landscapes.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Considerations for the development of cost‐effective cell culture media for cultivated meat production
Authors: O'Neill Edward N. , Cosenza Zachary A. , Baar Keith , Block David E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInnovation in cultivated meat development has been rapidly accelerating in recent years because it holds the potential to help attenuate issues facing production of dietary protein for a growing world population. There are technical obstacles still hindering large‐scale commercialization of cultivated meat, of which many are related to the media that are used to culture the muscle, fat, and connective tissue cells. While animal cell culture media has been used and refined for roughly a century, it has not been specifically designed with the requirements of cultivated meat in mind. Perhaps the most common industrial use of animal cell culture is currently the production of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, which sell for orders of magnitude more than meat. Successful production of cultivated meat requires media that is food grade with minimal cost, can regulate large‐scale cell proliferation and differentiation, has acceptable sensory qualities, and is animal ingredient‐free. Much insight into strategies for achieving media formulations with these qualities can be obtained from knowledge of conventional culture media applications and from the metabolic pathways involved in myogenesis and protein synthesis. In addition, application of principles used to optimize media for large‐scale microbial fermentation processes producing lower value commodity chemicals and food ingredients can also be instructive. As such, the present review shall provide an overview of the current understanding of cell culture media as it relates to cultivated meat.
Review of forest‐dwelling noctuid moths of the genus Pachythrix Turner, 1942 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): reassessment of the type species and description of a new species from the Bismarck Archipelago
Authors: Zilli Alberto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe scattered information regarding the Australo‐Papuan noctuid genus Pachythrix Turner, 1942 is consolidated to provide an overview of this little‐known group of bright green and black‐coloured moths. Nomenclatural comments are provided to challenge current opinion that the genus is based on a misidentified type species. Current evidence supporting its systematic relationships and subfamilial placement is reviewed, showing that the present concepts of genera like Thalatha Walker, 1862 and Pachythrix itself are polyphyletic. Pachythrix mniochlora (Meyrick, 1889) is shown to be misplaced in the genus. Pachythrix chlorophylla sp. nov. from the Bismarck Archipelago is described. This species is the first member of the genus to have been recorded from the Bismarck Archipelago, the others occurring in New Guinea and Australia. The new species can easily be distinguished from its congeners superficially by more extended green areas on the fore wing and fewer black, subterminal wedges. Diagnostic criteria and illustrations of all species currently assigned to the genus are provided.
For “Peace, Quiet, and Respect”: Race, Policing, and Land Grabbing on Chicago’s South Side
Authors: Williams Teona 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe first wave of environmental justice literature tended to define environmental racism as the disparate siting of toxic waste facilities in low‐income areas and communities of colour. More recently, environmental justice scholars have turned to a critical environmental justice framework to explore questions of spatial equity in relation to movements like Black Lives Matter. It is increasingly clear that the state, the built environment, economic development, and race converge in communities who face increased surveillance, divestment, and gentrification. Using Hyde Park on the South Side of Chicago as a case study, I draw on qualitative and historical methods to interrogate dominant narratives surrounding policing in urban environments. This paper highlights how Black geographies, as an analytic, highlight the intersection of police brutality and the built environment in Hyde Park. Legacies of urban renewal, now framed as neighbourhood revitalisation, and narratives around criminality and race all influence community police relations in the area. As the University of Chicago expands, so does its police force, and so do conflicts over who can use public spaces and how these spaces are used. I argue that institutions like the University of Chicago rely on the police to racially manage and expand their built environment. I also look to Black Lives Matter as a way to understand police brutality as enmeshed with toxic ecologies. This pairing of activism, ecology and policing allows a more nuanced analysis of the racialised underpinnings of the built environment.
Dyspnea Index: An upper airway obstruction instrument; translation and validation in Swedish
Authors: Ntouniadakis Eleftherios , Brus Ole , von Beckerath Mathias 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveUpper airway dyspnoea is a challenging condition in which assessing the discomfort experienced by the patient is essential. There are three patient‐reported outcome (PRO) instruments developed particularly for this patient group, none of which is available in Swedish. The aim of this study was to translate the Dyspnea Index (DI) into Swedish and validate the instrument for use in the Swedish‐speaking population by investigating its basic psychometric properties.DesignA prospective instrument validation study.SettingTertiary referral centre.ParticipantsFifty‐one (n = 51) patients with upper airway dyspnoea and 19 healthy controls.Main outcome measuresThe questionnaire was translated into Swedish (swDI) with a forward‐backward method. Reliability, repeatability, responsiveness and construct validity were assessed by asking the subjects to complete the swDI, a visual analog scale (VAS) at exertion and at rest and the Voice Handicap Index (VHI).ResultsThe swDI showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α: 0.85) and repeatability (interclass correlation coefficient: 0.89 and Pearson's r: .92) in the patient group. No ceiling effect was observed (maximum score achieved was 39; 89% of the patients scored ≤ 36). SwDI scores moderately correlated with VAS at exertion (r: .57) and at rest (r: .41), yet poorly with the VHI (r: .34). The effect size (ES) was 3.9.ConclusionsThe swDI is a valid, robust and reliable questionnaire for self‐assessment in Swedish‐speaking patients with upper airway obstruction. A future anchor‐based longitudinal study is needed to assess the smallest detectable change (SDC) and minimal important change (MIC) that were not estimated in our study.
Allergic contact dermatitis and other occupational skin diseases in health care workers in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases in 2005–2016
Authors: Aalto‐Korte Kristiina , Koskela Kirsi , Pesonen Maria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHealth care workers are an important risk group for occupational skin disease (OSD).AimsTo study diagnoses and causes of OSDs in health care workers in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases (FROD) in 2005–2016.MethodsWe searched the FROD for dermatological cases (a) in health care–related occupations defined by ISCO‐08 and (b) in the industrial branch of health care defined by European industry standard classification system (NACE rev. 2).ResultsHealth care workers comprised 19% of all OSD cases in the FROD, and irritant contact dermatitis dominated the diagnoses. Nurses and assistant nurses were the largest occupational groups with incidence rates of 3.3 and 2.7/10 000 person years, respectively. Rubber chemicals were by far the most common causative agents of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) followed by preservatives, the latter mainly comprising isothiazolinones and formaldehyde. Acrylates were important allergens in dental professions. Metals and coconut fatty acid derivatives were the next largest causative groups for ACD. Drugs caused only 1% of the ACD cases.ConclusionsWorkers in different health care occupations do not have a uniform risk for OSD, but they share the risk for ACD due to rubber chemicals and various preservatives.
Bridging the gap between researchers, conservation planners, and decision makers to improve species conservation decision‐making
Authors: Ferraz Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi de Barros , Morato Ronaldo Gonçalves , Bovo Alex Augusto Abreu , da Costa Carolina Ortiz Rocha , Ribeiro Yuri Geraldo G. , de Paula Rogério Cunha , Desbiez Arnaud Leonard Jean , Angelieri Cintia Silva Camila , Traylor‐Holzer Kathy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpecies distribution modeling (SDM) is a promising tool for priority setting, conservation decision‐making and overall support for species conservation. We developed a participatory modeling process (PMP) to ensure both the proper use of SDMs as well as their efficacy and impact as a conservation tool. The PMP using SDM has assisted conservation planning in a number of situations, including more than 25 endangered species and supported IUCN SSC Red List assessments. PMP focuses on stakeholder engagement to co‐develop SDMs that will in turn support and guide conservation decisions. This participatory approach to SDMs allowed us to: (a) update potential species distributions; (b) evaluate environmental suitability; (c) identify potential corridors and priority areas for implementing different conservation and management actions; (d) identify new potential areas for species searching; (e) predict potential impact under deforestation and climate change scenarios; and (f) provide valuable input for population viability analysis (PVA). Most often the level of successful stakeholder engagement will influence how the model will guide the decision‐making process. The modeler must play a technical role as well as act as a translator and facilitator to engage and bridge the gap between researchers, conservation planners and decision makers, which is essential for effective conservation.
Impact of the United Network for organ sharing 2018 donor heart allocation system on transplant morbidity and mortality
Authors: Stern Lily K. , Velleca Angela , Nishihara Keith , Shen Adriana , Zaliznyak Michael , Patel Jignesh , Hamilton Michele A. , Ramzy Danny , Esmailian Fardad , Kobashigawa Jon A. , Kittleson Michelle M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile the revised UNOS HTx donor allocation system aimed to minimize waitlist mortality by prioritizing more critically ill transplant candidates, there is concern for increased post‐transplant morbidity and mortality. We examined the impact of the revised allocation system on waitlist and post‐transplant outcomes at a high‐volume transplant center.MethodsOne hundred and sixty nine adult patients underwent first‐time single‐organ HTx one year before (Era 1:79 patients) and after (Era 2:90 patients) implementation of the new allocation system (10/18/2018). Clinical characteristics, waitlist outcomes, and post‐transplant morbidity and mortality were compared.ResultsEra 2 patients were twice as likely to be transplanted on temporary mechanical circulatory support (43% vs. 19%, p < .0001). While Era 2 waitlist time was shorter (10 vs. 43 days, p < .001), exception status requests (21.1% vs. 17.9%) and waitlist mortality (3.3% vs. 2.2%) were similar. There was no difference in primary graft dysfunction, intensive care unit or hospital length of stay, readmissions, rejection, allograft vasculopathy, or 1‐year survival (91.1% vs. 93.7%).ConclusionsIn a high‐volume center, the revised HTx allocation system shortened waitlist time with no significant change in waitlist mortality or observed impact on post‐transplant outcomes. With careful patient selection, the revised allocation system may optimize waitlist and post‐transplant outcomes.
Multiple satellite tracking datasets inform green turtle conservation at a regional scale
Authors: Ferreira Luciana C. , Thums Michele , Fossette Sabrina , Wilson Phillipa , Shimada Takahiro , Tucker Anton D. , Pendoley Kellie , Waayers Dave , Guinea Michael L. , Loewenthal Graham , King Joanne , Speirs Marissa , Rob Dani , Whiting Scott D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimSatellite tracking studies of marine megafauna have grown over the last few decades. The number of these individual datasets are now at levels which if combined, can infer on population level movement and spatial use. Here we use this approach to quantify distribution and important areas for one of the largest populations of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Indo‐Pacific.LocationWestern Australia.MethodWe compiled satellite tracking data for 96 adult, female green turtles from 10 rookeries and two genetic stocks and split the data into nesting, migration and foraging using a state‐space model to classify the movement behaviour underlying the track (resident or transient). We then used time (and number of turtles) in area analysis on each of these components to quantify the important areas of use, at both rookery and regional/stock scales. We also assessed the representativeness of the calculated distributions, based on the available sample sizes.Results86% of post‐nesting turtles had oceanic or coastal movement to neritic foraging grounds and 14% had local residency to their rookery. The foraging distribution consisted of the inshore waters of most of northwestern Australia. Our sample sizes used for inter‐nesting distribution were adequate for 90% of rookeries, but still larger sample sizes were needed for post‐nesting distributions.Main conclusionsDespite some limitation with sample size, our analyses have provided a quantitative and robust approach to designate marine areas of importance for an endangered species. The spatial extent of the inter‐nesting areas was encompassed by existing spatial protection for green turtles during the breeding season, but existing Biologically Important Areas are largely underestimating the foraging areas. Our study highlights the utility of our approach for providing quantitative outputs at scales needed for management (local and regional).
Ethanolic Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) leaf extract dechlorophyllised using sedimentation process: Antioxidant, antibacterial properties and efficacy in extending the shelf‐life of striped catfish slices
Authors: Olatunde Oladipupo Odunayo , Benjakul Soottawat , Huda Nurul , Zhang Bin , Deng Shanggui 
Published: December 2020

SummaryAntioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ethanolic noni leaf extract (ENLE) without and with chlorophyll removal by sedimentation method were comparatively investigated. Total chlorophyll content was reduced by 82% in the top fraction (CR‐ENLE) collected after 24 h at 4 °C as compared to that of ENLE. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were lower in the bottom fraction rich in chlorophyll (Chlo‐ENLE) than others (P < 0.05). Based on the microbiological limit, the shelf‐life of striped catfish slices pre‐treated with 400 mg kg−1 C‐R‐ENLE was extended to 9 days as compared to the 3 days recorded for the control (without pre‐treatment). Slices treated with CR‐ENLE had lower lipid oxidation than those treated with ENLE during refrigerated storage (P < 0.05). The sedimentation process was therefore a potential green method for producing ENLE having improved antioxidant and antimicrobial activities without green colour. It can be used as a natural additive for shelf‐life extension of fish slices.
The Barthel index as an indicator of hospital outcomes: A retrospective cross‐sectional study with healthcare data from older people
Authors: Ocagli Honoria , Cella Nicoletta , Stivanello Lucia , Degan Mario , Canova Cristina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsThe assessment of functional status is a more appropriate measure in the older people than traditional healthcare outcomes. The present study aimed to analyse the association between functional status assessed using the Barthel Index and length of stay, in‐hospital mortality, discharge destination, and Diagnosis‐Related Groups‐based cost.DesignThis study was a retrospective study that used administrative data from patients older than 65 discharged from the University Hospital of Padua (Italy) in 2016.MethodsA logistic regression model for categorical variables (length of stay, in‐hospital mortality, and discharge destination) and a generalized linear model with gamma distributions and log links for continuous variables (cost of hospitalization) were used to evaluate associations with the Barthel Index.ResultsA total of 13,484 admissions were included in the analysis. In‐hospital mortality, safe discharge, and length of stay were higher in patients with severe dependence than in patients with mild/no dependence with a 12‐fold increased risk of death (OR = 12.81; 95% CI 9.22–18.14), a 4 times greater likelihood of safe discharge (OR = 4.64; 95% CI 3.96–5.45), and a 2‐fold increase in length of stay (OR = 2.56; 95% CI 2.34–2.81). On the other hand, no significant association was found between the cost of hospitalization and the Barthel Index.ConclusionsBarthel Index was strongly associated with in‐hospital mortality, discharge destination, and length of stay. The costs of hospitalization, however, were not related to patients’ functional impairment.ImpactThe study considers functional status as an indicator of hospital outcomes. Better comprehension of the relationship between functional status and healthcare outcomes may help with early and adequate healthcare planning and resource management.
Circular RNA in cancer development and immune regulation
Authors: Li Weizhen , Liu Jia‐Qiang , Chen Ming , Xu Jiang , Zhu Di 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single‐stranded RNAs with closed loop structures formed by covalent bonds of head and tail. Exploration of circRNAs is continually increasing; however, their functional relevance largely remains to be elucidated. In general, they are stable, abundant, conserved and expressed in tissue‐specific manner. These distinct properties and their diverse cellular actions indicate that circRNAs modulate transcription and translation, and may even function as translation templates. Growing evidence reveals that circRNAs contribute to various physiological and pathological processes, including the initiation and progression of cancer. In this review, we present the current knowledge about circRNAs in cancer development, as well as their potential for use as biomarkers and even therapeutic targets. CircRNA’s role in immune regulation and antitumour immunotherapy is also discussed. In addition, possible challenges in antitumour therapy are raised, and current progress and future perspectives are provided.
EZH2 is a potential prognostic predictor of glioma
Authors: Chen Yi‐nan , Hou Shi‐qiang , Jiang Rui , Sun Jun‐long , Cheng Chuan‐dong , Qian Zhong‐run 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) is a histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase that promotes tumorigenesis in a variety of human malignancies by altering the expression of tumour suppressor genes. To evaluate the prognostic value of EZH2 in glioma, we analysed gene expression data and corresponding clinicopathological information from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, the Cancer Genome Atlas and GTEx. Increased expression of EZH2 was significantly associated with clinicopathologic characteristics and overall survival as evaluated by univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed an association of EZH2 expression with the cell cycle, DNA replication, mismatch repair, p53 signalling and pyrimidine metabolism. We constructed a nomogram for prognosis prediction with EZH2, clinicopathologic variables and significantly correlated genes. EZH2 was demonstrated to be significantly associated with several immune checkpoints and tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes. Furthermore, the ESTIMATE and Timer Database scores indicated correlation of EZH2 expression with a more immunosuppressive microenvironment for glioblastoma than for low grade glioma. Overall, our study demonstrates that expression of EZH2 is a potential prognostic molecular marker of poor survival in glioma and identifies signalling pathways and immune checkpoints regulated by EHZ2, suggesting a direction for future application of immune therapy in glioma.
Clinical profiles of hyperglycemic crises: A single‐center retrospective study from Japan
Authors: Nishikawa Takeshi , Kinoshita Hiroyuki , Ono Keiko , Kodama‐Hashimoto Shoko , Kobayashi Yuka , Nakamura Tomofumi , Yoshinaga Tomoaki , Ohkubo Yuma , Harada Masahiro , Toyonaga Tetsushi , Takahashi Takeshi , Araki Eiichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe aim of the present study was to clarify the pathophysiologies of hyperglycemic crises in Japanese patients.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective study of patients with hyperglycemic crises admitted to Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan, between 2012 and 2019. Patients were classified as having diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemic hyperosmotic syndrome (HHS) or a mixed state of the two conditions (MIX), and laboratory data and levels of consciousness at hospital admission, as well as the rates of mortality and coagulation disorders, were compared.ResultsThe diagnostic criteria for hyperglycemic crisis were met in 144 cases, comprising 87 (60.4%), 38 (26.4%) and 19 (13.2%) cases of DKA, HHS and MIX, respectively. Type 1 diabetes was noted in 46.0 and 26.3% of patients in the DKA and MIX groups, respectively. Fibrin degradation product and D‐dimer levels were significantly higher in the HHS group than in the DKA group (DKA and HHS groups: fibrin degradation product 7.94 ± 8.43 and 35.54 ± 51.80 μg/mL, respectively, P < 0.01; D‐dimer 2.830 ± 2.745 and 14.846 ± 21.430 μg/mL, respectively, P < 0.01). Mortality rates were 5.7, 13.2 and 5.3% in the DKA, HHS and MIX groups, respectively. Seven patients (4.9%), four of whom were in the MIX group, had acute arterial occlusive diseases.ConclusionsThe low frequency of type 1 diabetes in DKA and MIX might be responsible for reduced insulin secretion in Japanese populations. Patients with hyperglycemic crises have increased coagulability, and acute arterial occlusion needs to be considered, particularly in MIX.