bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of polishing with paste containing surface pre‐reacted glass‐ionomer fillers on enamel remineralization after orthodontic bracket debonding
Authors: Nagasaki Ryota , Ishikawa Rina , Ito Shuich , Saito Takashi , Iijima Masahiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSurface pre‐reacted glass‐ionomer (S‐PRG) technology allows for the release of multiple ions. This study was performed to investigate the remineralization of etched enamel after removal of the bracket using a novel paste containing S‐PRG filler. Surfaces of polished enamel were etched with phosphoric acid and then subdivided into two regions. Bracket bonding resin was thinly applied to one region. After 24‐hr immersion in artificial saliva, the bonding resin on the enamel surfaces was removed by grinding with tungsten carbide bur at low‐speed, followed by polishing with one of four different polishing systems: (a) nonfluoridated paste (NF); (b) fluoridated paste (F); (c) S‐PRG filler‐containing paste (S‐PRG); or (d) nonfluoridated plus S‐PRG filler‐containing paste (NF + S‐PRG) (n = 15). The polished specimens were then immersed in an artificial saliva solution for 7 days. Nanoindentation testing of enamel surfaces was performed and their mechanical properties were compared. Representative specimens were examined with scanning electron microscope. In all specimens, the mechanical properties of the enamel surfaces were markedly degraded by acid etching. However, the mechanical properties of both regions (etched and resin‐infiltrated enamels) showed recovery after polishing and 7‐day immersion. Polishing with NF + S‐PRG paste led to significant recovery of mechanical properties compared to polishing with NF or S‐PRG paste alone, and remineralization was equivalent to that seen with F paste. Porous etched enamel surfaces were filled with a remineralization layer after each polishing procedure and 7‐day immersion in all polishing groups. Polishing using NF + S‐PRG paste can facilitate enamel remineralization after bracket removal.
Altered Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Patients With Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy With Lactic Acidosis and Stroke‐Like Episodes (MELAS) at Acute and Chronic Stages: Shared and Specific Brain Connectivity Abnormalities
Authors: Wang Rong , Sun Chong , Lin Jie , Chen Ne , Hu Bin , Liu Xueling , Geng Daoying , Yang Liqin , Li Yuxin 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundMitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke‐like episodes (MELAS) is a rare maternally inherited genetic disease; however, little is known about its underlying brain basis. Furthermore, the dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) of brain networks in MELAS has not been explored.PurposeTo investigate the abnormalities of dFC in patients with MELAS at the acute and chronic stages, and to determine the possible relations between dynamic connectivity alterations and volumes of stroke‐like lesions (SLLs).Study TypeProspective.SubjectsTwenty‐two MELAS patients at the acute stage, 23 MELAS patients at the chronic stage, and 22 healthy controls.Field Strength/SequenceSingle‐shot gradient‐recalled echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence at 3T.AssessmentDynamic FC states were estimated using the sliding window approach and k‐means clustering analyses. Combined with graph theory, the topological properties of the dFC network were also accessed.Statistical TestsPermutation test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and false discovery rate correction.ResultsWe identified four dFC states and found that MELAS patients (especially at the acute stage) spent more time in a state with weaker connectivity (state 1) and less time in states with stronger connectivity. In addition, volumes of acute SLLs were positively correlated with mean dwell time in state 1 (r = 0.539, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with the number of transitions (r = −0.520, P < 0.05). Furthermore, MELAS patients at the acute stage exhibited significantly increased global efficiency (P < 0.01) and decreased local efficiency (P < 0.001) compared to the controls and the patients at the chronic stage. Patients at the chronic stage only showed significantly (P < 0.001) decreased local efficiency compared to the controls.Data ConclusionOur findings suggest similar and distinct dFC alterations in MELAS patents at the acute and chronic stages, providing novel insights for understanding the neuropathological mechanisms of MELAS.Level of Evidence 2Technical Efficacy Stage Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:427–436.
Efficient removal of ginkgotoxin from Ginkgo biloba seed powder by combining endogenous enzymatic hydrolysis with resin adsorption
Authors: Zhang Wen , Zou Minmin , Wu Rong , Jiang Huijuan , Cao Fuliang , Su Erzheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDGinkgotoxin including 4′‐O‐methylpyridoxine (MPN) and MPN‐5′‐glucoside (MPNG) is responsible for Ginkgo seed food poisoning. The purpose of the work reported was to prepare detoxified Ginkgo seed powder and at the same time to retain the nutritional and functional components of Ginkgo seed powder to the maximum extent.RESULTSResin adsorption technology was firstly employed to remove ginkgotoxin from water extract of Ginkgo seed powder. Under optimal conditions, the adsorption efficiency of the optimal resin for MPN could reach 100%, and that for MPNG could only reach 85.4 ± 0.93%. Resin adsorption alone could not effectively remove MPN and MPNG simultaneously. Endogenous enzymatic hydrolysis was next attempted to transform MPNG to MPN. MPNG could be completely hydrolyzed to MPN by endogenous enzyme(s) at 40 °C and pH 5.0 in 180 min. Ginkgotoxin only in the form of MPN in the enzymatic hydrolysate was then adsorbed with resin and the conditions were statistically optimized. The adsorption efficiency of MPN reached 98.89 ± 0.99% under the optimized conditions.CONCLUSIONSRemoval of ginkgotoxin by combining endogenous enzymatic hydrolysis with resin adsorption could preserve the main nutritional and functional components of Ginkgo seed powder to the most extent, and did not change its main characteristics. The ginkgotoxin removal method developed in this work is a relatively simple and efficient approach. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Piscivorous Bird Use of Aquaculture and Natural Water Bodies in Mississippi
Authors: Burr Paul C. , Avery Jimmy L. , Street Garrett M. , Strickland Bronson K. , Dorr Brian S. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTDouble‐crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and great egrets (Ardea alba) have an extensive history of human‐wildlife conflict with the aquaculture industry of western Mississippi, USA, due to their depredation of cultured catfish (Ictalurusspp.). Although aquaculture is abundant, western Mississippi also contains naturally occurring water bodies that offer alternative forage opportunities to these species. How cormorants or egrets distribute themselves among these 2 foraging options is unknown, but it has been generally assumed each species uses aquaculture disproportionately more because of the high density of available prey. To test this assumption, we surveyed these species on aquaculture and naturally occurring water bodies using aerial surveys from October through April of 2015–2016, 2016–2017, and 2017–2018. We modeled the proportion of each species on aquaculture as a function of year, date, and weather‐related variables using quasi‐binomial generalized linear models. Egrets used aquaculture consistently more than what was proportionally available to them and use was not influenced by any of the variables we measured. Proportional use of aquaculture by cormorants was lowest during October through January but steadily increased through April, indicating a distribution shift toward aquaculture in the months immediately prior to their migration. The highest proportional use of aquaculture by cormorants occurred in 2016, a year when lethal control measures were not allowed against cormorants. Conversely, the least proportion of cormorants on aquaculture was in 2015 when cormorants could be lethally controlled under authority of an Aquaculture Depredation Order. This trend highlights the potential influence of changes in mortality risk, caused by changes in policy regarding lethal take of cormorants, on cormorant distribution between foraging options. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Genome‐wide association study of café‐au‐lait macule number in neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Sung Heejong , Hyland Paula L. , Pemov Alexander , Sabourin Jeremy A. , Baldwin Andrea M. , Bass Sara , Teshome Kedest , Luo Wen ,   Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Widemann Brigitte C. , Stewart Douglas R. , Wilson Alexander F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a tumor‐predisposition disorder that arises due to pathogenic variants in tumor suppressor NF1. NF1 has variable expressivity that may be due, at least in part, from heritable elements such as modifier genes; however, few genetic modifiers have been identified to date.MethodsIn this study, we performed a genome‐wide association analysis of the number of café‐au‐lait macules (CALM) that are considered a tumor‐like trait as a clinical phenotype modifying NF1.ResultsA borderline genome‐wide significant association was identified in the discovery cohort (CALM1, N = 112) between CALM number and rs12190451 (and rs3799603, r2 = 1.0; p = 7.4 × 10−8) in the intronic region of RPS6KA2. Although, this association was not replicated in the second cohort (CALM2, N = 59) and a meta‐analysis did not show significantly associated variants in this region, a significant corroboration score (0.72) was obtained for the RPS6KA2 signal in the discovery cohort (CALM1) using Complementary Pairs Stability Selection for Genome‐Wide Association Studies (ComPaSS‐GWAS) analysis, suggesting that the lack of replication may be due to heterogeneity of the cohorts rather than type I error.Conclusionrs12190451 is located in a melanocyte‐specific enhancer and may influence RPS6KA2 expression in melanocytes—warranting further functional studies.
Neurodevelopmental trajectory and modifiers of 16p11.2 microdeletion: A follow‐up study of four Chinese children carriers
Authors: Xie Hua , Liu Fang , Zhang Yu , Chen Qian , Shangguan Shaofang , Gao Zhijie , Wu Nan , Wang Jian , Cui Xiaodai , Wang Lin , Chen Xiaoli 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a group of disorders with high genetic and phenotypic heterogeneities. The 16p11.2 microdeletion has been implicated as an important genetic risk factor for NDDs.MethodsMultiple genetic tests were used to detect the 16p11.2 microdeletion from 918 Chinese children with NDDs. Targeted sequencing of genes in the 16p11.2 interval was performed in all carriers of the 16p11.2 microdeletion, and whole‐genome expression profiling analysis was performed for the patient carriers and normal carriers in their intra‐family.ResultsThree patients carrying the 16p11.2 microdeletion were screened out, indicating a frequency of 0.33% for the 16p11.2 microdeletion in this cohort. We reviewed the neurodevelopmental trajectories of the 16p11.2 microdeletion carriers from childhood to puberty and confirmed that this microdeletion was associated with abnormal neurodevelopment, with varied neurodevelopmental phenotypes. A differential PRRT2 genotype (rs10204, T>C) was identified between patients and normal carriers of the 16p11.2 microdeletion. Moreover, the determination of differential whole‐genome expression profiling demonstrated the destruction of the top‐ranked network in neurogenesis and accounted for observation of abnormal neurodevelopmental phenotypes in the 16p11.2 microdeletion carriers.ConclusionsWe have provided the frequency of the 16p11.2 microdeletion in a Chinese pediatric NDD cohort with a variable NDD phenotype from childhood to puberty, which is useful for Chinese geneticists/pediatricians to conduct the 16p11.2 microdeletion testing in children with NDDs.
Polymere: Die Kunst der Kreisläufe
Authors: Glöckner Patrick , Hellmann Birgit , Neumair Claudia , Simon Joachim , Witt Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWenn alle Teilnehmer der Wertschöpfungskette – vom Hersteller über den Verarbeiter bis zum Endverbraucher – mitmachen, lassen sich Polymere immer wieder verwenden. Dafür entwickeln Chemieunternehmen Additive, Verfahren zum mechanischen und chemischen Recycling sowie neue Konzepte.
Double shadow masking sample preparation method for in‐situ TEM characterization
Authors: Alphonse Carmel Mary Esther , Garlapati Mohan Muralikrishna , Hilke Sven , Wilde Gerhard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA novel double mechanical masking‐based sample preparation method is introduced for in‐situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterizations. In the current study amorphous vanadium pentoxide thin film deposition is carried out by using the developed double mask on a transparent window of TEM chip on precisely selected spots by a reactive sputtering technique. The prepared sample is less damaged since it is not subjected to ion beam exposure. And the probability of achieving a viable TEM sample is also enhanced compared to classical preparation methods. In‐situ temperature‐based electron diffraction pattern sequences are recorded for amorphous vanadium pentoxide in the temperature region of 25 to 500˚C. This allowed observing the crystallization temperature at ∼416˚C. The pre‐ and post‐heat‐treated microstructure and electron diffraction pattern of the vanadium pentoxide thin film showed the formation of a mixed crystalline and amorphous film. Thus, a most reliable, reusable and cost effective TEM sample preparation method was demonstrated.
A cost‐efficient QoS‐aware analytical model of future software content delivery networks
Authors: Otero Beatriz , Rodríguez Eva , Rojas Otilio , Verdú Javier , Costa Juan José , Alejandro Pajuelo Manuel , Canal Ramón 
Published: September 2020

SummaryFreelance, part‐time, work‐at‐home, and other flexible jobs are changing the concept of workplace and bringing information and content exchange problems to companies. Geographically, spread corporations may use remote distribution of software and data to attend employees' demands, by exploiting emerging delivery technologies. In this context, cost‐efficient software distribution is crucial to allow business evolution and make IT infrastructures more agile. On the other hand, container‐based virtualization technology is shaping the new trends of software deployment and infrastructure design. We envision current and future enterprise IT management trends evolving towards container‐based software delivery over hybrid content delivery networks (CDNs). This paper presents a novel cost‐efficient QoS‐aware analytical model and a hybrid CDN–peer‐to‐peer (P2P) architecture for enterprise software distribution. The model would allow delivery cost minimization for a wide range of companies, from big multinationals to SMEs, using CDN–P2P distribution under various industrial hypothetical scenarios. Model constraints guarantee acceptable deployment times and keep interchanged content amounts below the bandwidth and storage network limits in our scenarios. Indeed, key model parameters account for network bandwidth, storage limits, and rental prices, which are empirically determined from their offered values by the commercial delivery networks KeyCDN, MaxCDN, CDN77, and BunnyCDN. This preliminary study indicates that MaxCDN offers the best cost‐QoS trade‐off. The model is implemented in the network simulation tool PeerSim and then applied to diverse testing scenarios by varying company types, number and profile (either, technical or administrative) of employees, and the number and size of content requests. Hybrid simulation results show overall economic savings between 5% and 20%, compared to just hiring resources from a commercial CDN, while guaranteeing satisfactory QoS levels in terms of deployment times and number of served requests.
Simple and useful statistical control charts for monitoring count data
Authors: Bourguignon Marcelo , Medeiros Rodrigo M.R. , Fernandes Fidel Henrique , Lee Ho Linda 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper studies control charts based on the BerG (which is a sum of Bernoulli and geometric random variables) process to deal with the cases of equidispersion, overdispersion, underdispersion, or zero inflation (or deflation). Its probability distribution function can be expressed in terms of the mean parameter and its cumulative distribution has a closed form, thus the construction of an
control chart to monitor the mean can be made easily. Additionally, we call attention that the asymptotic control limits for
control chart by central limit theorem (CLT) may lead to a serious erroneous decision. We present guidelines for practitioners about the minimum sample size needed to match out‐of‐control average run length (ARL1) with the exact and asymptotic control limits in function of the shape parameter after an extensive simulation study. The proposed schemes are applied to monitoring the BerG mean parameter.
Preparation of Fluorine‐Free and Superhydrophobic SiO2 Film with High Transmittance
Authors: Wang Yong , Liu Juncheng , Nie Lifang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSuperhydrophobic film has broad application prospect in daily life. Herein, superhydrophobic SiO2 film was prepared with chemical modification reducing the film's surface energy and sol mixing increasing its surface roughness. Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) was used as precursor, trimethylethoxysilane (TMES) was used as modifier. Both the modified SiO2 film and the mixed SiO2 film were obtained with dip‐coating. With the increase of TMES addition, the characteristic peak intensity of hydrophilic hydroxyl group in Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) decreased, and that of the hydrophobic methyl group increased; the modified SiO2 film surface was relatively smooth and its root‐mean‐square (RMS) roughness ranged 1.86‐5.41 nm, while that of the mixed SiO2 film increased from 11.20 nm to 42.60 nm; the contact angle of the modified SiO2 film increased from 19.08° to 127.37°, while that of the mixed SiO2 film increased from 129.47° to 158.47°; the average transmittance of the modified SiO2 film first decreased from 94.86 % to 94.14 % and then increased to 94.43 %, while that of the mixed SiO2 film decreased gradually from 96.99 % to 94.84 %. Finally, the fluorine‐free superhydrophobic SiO2 film with the average contact angle of 158.47° and the average transmittance of 94.84 % was obtained.
Recent Developments in Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Properties, Synthesis, and Modifications: A Review
Authors: Farjadian Fatemeh , Abbaspour Somayeh , Sadatlu Mohamad Amin Abdolahi , Mirkiani Soroush , Ghasemi Amir , Hoseini‐Ghahfarokhi Mojtaba , Mozaffari Naeimeh , Karimi Mahdi , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGraphene was first discovered as a sheet structure mechanically exfoliated from a block of graphite, but in recent years researchers have extended their investigations into this two‐dimensional carbon nanostructure. Various applications of graphene‐based materials have included electronics, photonics, optoelectronics, sensors, and drug / gene delivery systems. These single atom carbon layers have the potential to be formed in different morphologies e. g., quantum dots, nanosheets, and nanoparticles, which can be tailored to achieve new breakthrough innovations. Nowadays, the utilization of graphene‐based nanomaterials in medicine is a hot research topic. This review discusses the structure, properties, methods of synthesis, and surface modifications of graphene and graphene oxide divided into covalent and non‐covalent approaches.
Preparation of Pentacyclo‐[8.2.1.14,702,903,8] ‐tetradecane‐5,6,11,12‐tetracarboxylic Dianhydride Combined with Gaussian Calculation
Authors: Lu Jianqiang , Jin Yan , Dong Jingjing , Wang Tielin , Zhang Hexing , Song Zhanqian , Feng Baicheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe pentacyclic‐[8.2.1.14,702,903,8]‐tetradecane‐5,6,11,12‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride was prepared by norbornene dianhydrides as raw material and acetone as a solvent in a self‐made vertical photo reactor with single wavelength ultraviolet light. Based on the Gaussian Calculation combine with experiments, we studied the optimum wavelength of ultraviolet light and the stable conformation of the target product. The structure of the target compound was determined by HPLC‐MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and X‐ray diffraction. The results showed that the yield of pentacyclic‐[8.2.1.14,702,903,8]‐tetradecane‐5,6,11,12‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride could reach 50.5 %, the reaction temperature was 20 °C, the initial concentration of reactant was 0.15 g/mL, the flow rate of the substrate was 5 mL/min, and the reaction time was 4 h.
Navigating the Synthesis of Quinoline Hybrid Molecules as Promising Anticancer Agents
Authors: Panda Pravati , Chakroborty Subhendu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe emergence of drug resistance and low specificity with side effects are the significant challenges in pharmaceutical sectors for control of cancer nowadays. Notwithstanding, this is an imperative prerequisite to develop novel anticancer agents through mainstream medicinal chemistry approaches. The intriguing quinoline and its derivatives have demonstrated as significant building blocks for the locating of new promising anticancer agents. Consequently, quinoline moiety with the addition of suitable congeners would offer a strategy for the development of potential drug candidates. This present review article summarizes the recent advances (2018‐2020) of quinoline hybrids and their anticancer activity. The mechanism action and plausible structure‐activity relationship have discussed.
Spatially Resolved Electrochemical Strain of Solid‐State Electrolytes via High Resolution Sequential Excitation and Its Implication on Grain Boundary Impedance
Authors: Yu Junxi , Duan Shanshan , Huang Boyuan , Jin Hongyun , Xie Shuhong , Li Jiangyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSolid‐state electrolytes have great potential in solving the intrinsic safety issues of conventional lithium‐ion batteries utilizing liquid electrolytes, and there is a tremendous effort in developing solid‐state electrolytes with improved ionic conductivity via microstructure engineering spanning multiple length scales. Nevertheless, there still lacks an effective method to probe the local ionic conductivity at the nanoscale with sufficient resolution, and thus how the microstructure impacts macroscopic ionic conductivity of solid‐state electrolytes remains inadequately understood. Here, the newly developed sequential excitation (SE) electrochemical strain microscopy is applied to spatially resolve local electrochemical processes at the nanoscale, unraveling the ionic dynamics of grain boundary in Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 solid‐state electrolytes that correlate well with macroscopic impedance analysis. The high‐conductivity sample possesses comparable ionic dynamics at grain boundary and within grain interior, while low‐conductivity sample exhibits much higher resistance at the grain boundary, even though the conductivity of its grain interior is comparable to high‐conductivity sample. The study thus provides direct experimental evidence on the bottlenecking grain boundaries in ionic conduction, and offers a powerful tool to study local ionic dynamics at the nanoscale in one‐to‐one correspondence to the microstructure features.