bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical meta-material-based polymer skin graft production by rapid prototyping and replica method
Authors: Attar Mohamad , Aydin Seher Selen , Arabaci Aliye , Mutlu Ilven 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is the production of mechanical meta-material samples by rapid prototyping (RP) and replica technique for patient-specific skin graft or cranial implant applications in tissue engineering.

Design/methodology/approach
Positive moulds (patterns) were produced by stereolithography-based RP. Impression moulding method was used for the production of silicone products (skin grafts). Alginate was used as a moulding material (negative mould). Room temperature vulcanising silicone was poured into the cavity of alginate mould and then products were produced. TiO2 powder and carbon fibres were used as reinforcement. Meta-material structured polyurethane reinforced silicone composites were also produced. Liquid components (diisocyanate and polyol) were poured into the mould and then polyurethane was produced. Then, polyurethane was immersed in the liquid silicone.

Findings
It is found that non-destructive ultrasonic test is a fast and reliable method. Meta-material-based composites show dome-shaped tensile/synclastic surface properties which are important for the skin graft and cranial implants. Increasing the amounts of cross-linking agent and TiO2 particles increased the hardness and elastic modulus. Carbon fibre addition enhanced the elastic modulus.

Originality/value
Although there are studies on the meta-materials, there is limited study on the RP of the meta-materials for patient-specific implants (skin grafts). Auxetic surface shows perfect fit to curved surface of the skull. Although there are studies on the silicone and polyurethane composites, there is limited study on the characterisation of mechanical properties by ultrasonic tests and strain gauge analysis.
Volunteer street patrols: responsibilised and motivated volunteering in community safety
Authors: Westall Adam 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to contribute towards our knowledge and understanding of volunteer street patrols working within community safety and pluralised policing. Through the increased responsibilisation of communities and individuals, volunteers are taking to the streets to help others in need and support the community safety infrastructure. The example of volunteer street patrols is used to explore the motivations of individuals participating in the local delivery of community safety and policing.

Design/methodology/approach
This research is drawn from ethnographic research consisting of 170 hours of participant observation on the streets of a northern UK city, Manchester, supported by 24 semi-structured interviews with volunteers and stakeholders who participate in a street patrol and those working alongside them.

Findings
Using a three-paradigm perspective for volunteer motivations, the themes altruism, civil connection and volunteering for leisure are applied to explore volunteer motivations. Through their actions, volunteers in the street patrol are motivated volunteers who can offer an additional and important resource within the local community safety and pluralised policing infrastructure.

Originality/value
This paper highlights volunteer street patrols offer a caring and supportive function to people in need on the street, one in support of the police and other agencies. It contributes to the growing understanding of those who volunteer in policing and community safety landscapes. As responsibilised citizens, they have an increased awareness of social problems. They are motivated individuals who wish to create and maintain safety and play an important role in policing the night-time economy.
The Guinea pig cytomegalovirus GP119.1 gene encodes an IgG‐binding glycoprotein that is incorporated into the virion
Authors: Majima Ryuichi , Koshizuka Tetsuo , Inoue Naoki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCytomegaloviruses (CMVs) encode various immunoevasins, including viral receptors for the Fc domain of host IgG (vFcγR), to evade host immune responses. Although guinea pig CMV (GPCMV) provides a useful animal model for congenital CMV infection, the GPCMV genes encoding such receptors have not yet been characterized. In this study, we analyzed a locus that may encode gene products for the GPCMV immune evasion mechanisms and identified the following. (a) RACE analyses identified four transcripts in the GP117 to GP122 locus. One of the transcripts contained the GP119.1 ORF, which has weak homologies with human CMV UL119/UL118 encoding a viral FcγR and with guinea pig FcγR. (b) A transient transfection assay with plasmids expressing EGFP‐tagged GP119.1 or its mutated forms identified its true translational initiation site, localization mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum, and N‐glycosylation. (c) Importantly, GP119.1 bound to guinea pig IgG or the IgG‐Fc fragment. (d) GP119.1 is present in the virion with a molecular mass of 15 and 23~30 kDa, and a portion of the GP119.1 products are N‐glycosylated. (e) GP119.1 was dispensable for viral growth on guinea pig fibroblasts and epithelial cells in vitro. Taken together, our findings indicate that GP119.1 is an IgG‐Fc binding glycoprotein incorporated into the virion, and this finding warrants further studies on the functions of GP119.1 in animal models.
Knowing your neighbours: How memory‐mediated conspecific avoidance influences home ranges
Authors: Ranc Nathan , Cagnacci Francesca , Moorcroft Paul R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn Focus: Ellison, N., Hatchwell, B. J., Biddiscombe, S. J., Napper, C. J., & Potts, J. R. (2020). Mechanistic home range analysis reveals drivers of space use patterns for a non‐territorial passerine. Journal of Animal Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365‐2656.13292. Most animals for which space use has been studied restrict their movements into a constrained spatial area: their home range. The ubiquity of this space‐use pattern suggests that home ranges are adaptive in a wide range of ecological contexts, and that they likely arise from general biological mechanisms. In this issue, Ellison et al. use a mechanistic home range analysis (MHRA) to uncover the drivers underlying home range patterns in a passerine that is non‐territorial. They show that a model integrating both resource preferences (specifically, an attraction to woodland centre), and memory‐mediated conspecific avoidance can capture the space‐use patterns observed in a wild population of long‐tailed tits Aegithalos caudatus. In doing so, their analysis extends the applicability of MHRA to capturing and predicting home range patterns beyond the previously studied cases where spatially exclusive home ranges emerge from scent mark‐mediated avoidance responses to neighbouring groups.
Signaling standout graduate employability: The employer perspective
Authors: Anderson Valerie , Tomlinson Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study examines employers' graduate employability expectations. In an overcrowded graduate labour market, employers must distinguish between equally qualified graduates to determine ‘standout employability’. Grounded in a dramaturgical perspective, we integrate concepts of skilful social action with signaling theory to extend the processual conceptualization of graduate employability. We report a qualitative abductive analysis of employers' expectations of graduates' employability performances. We theorise that employers frame and decode signals of standout employability from graduates' narrations of experientially referenced skilful social action. These form the dramaturgical backdrop from which employers infer unique personal brand assets and qualities they associate with standout employability. Our analysis has important implications for higher education (HE), human resource management and career counselling practitioners. It indicates that the employability value of non‐HE experience is as a backdrop for the dramaturgical performance of graduate employability rather than for the acquisition of work‐related skills or the enablement of work ready behaviours.
EAACI Biologicals Guidelines—dupilumab for children and adults with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Agache Ioana , Akdis Cezmi A. , Akdis Mubeccel , Brockow Knut , Chivato Tomas , del Giacco Stefano , Eiwegger Thomas , Eyerich Kilian , Giménez‐Arnau Ana , Gutermuth Jan , Guttman‐Yassky Emma , Maurer Marcus , Ogg Graham , Ong Peck Y. , O’Mahony Liam , Schwarze Jürgen , Warner Amena , Werfel Thomas , Palomares Oscar , Jutel Marek 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAtopic dermatitis imposes a significant burden on patients, families and healthcare systems. Management is difficult, due to disease heterogeneity, co‐morbidities, complexity in care pathways and differences between national or regional healthcare systems. Better understanding of the mechanisms has enabled a stratified approach to the management of atopic dermatitis, supporting the use of targeted treatments with biologicals. However, there are still many issues that require further clarification. These include the definition of response, strategies to enhance the responder rate, the duration of treatment and its regimen (in the clinic or home‐based), its cost‐effectiveness and long‐term safety. The EAACI Guidelines on the use of dupilumab in atopic dermatitis follow the GRADE approach in formulating recommendations for each outcome and age group. In addition, future approaches and research priorities are discussed.
The effect of different endometrial preparations on women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing initial frozen embryo transfer: A historical cohort analysis
Authors: Man Yuanyuan , Bian Yuehong , Zhao Shigang , Zhao Rusong , Xu Xin , Wei Daimin , Li Lei , Chen Zi‐Jiang , Zhao Han 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionFrozen embryo transfer is associated with a higher rate of live birth and a lower risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with fresh embryo transfer. The aim of this study is to assess the optimal endometrial preparation protocol for women with PCOS undergoing frozen embryo transfer.Material and methodsWe conducted a historical cohort analysis of 1720 women with PCOS who underwent the “freeze‐all” strategy between August 2014 and August 2017 because of their high risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Three endometrial preparation protocols were used: natural cycle (NC; n = 191), which relies on the dominant follicle to secrete estrogen that then promotes endometrial growth; ovarian stimulation (OS; n = 96), which induces follicle growth using low doses of human menopausal gonadotropin; and hormone replacement (HRT; n = 1433), which uses exogenous estradiol to promote endometrial growth. The primary outcome was live birth.ResultsFor women who received a single embryo transfer, the live birth rates for the NC, OS, and HRT groups were 62.4%, 65.0%, and 52.2%, respectively. The live birth rate in the HRT group was significantly lower than that seen in the OS and NC groups (P = .009). The clinical pregnancy rates of the three groups were 72.3%, 73.8%, and 64.9%, respectively; this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = .071).ConclusionsThe rate of live birth with the NC and OS regimens was higher than with the HRT protocol in women with PCOS who undergo single‐blastocyst frozen embryo transfer.
Declining Gaze to Faces in Infants Developing Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence From Two Independent Cohorts
Authors: Gangi Devon N. , Boterberg Sofie , Schwichtenberg Amy J. , Solis Erika , Young Gregory S. , Iosif Ana‐Maria , Ozonoff Sally 
Published: December 2020

Two independent cohorts (N = 155, N = 126) of infants at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were followed prospectively between 6 and 36 months of age, when n = 46 were diagnosed with ASD. Gaze to adult faces was coded—during a developmental assessment (Cohort 1) or a play interaction (Cohort 2). Across both cohorts, most children developing ASD showed sharp declines in gaze to faces over time, relative to children without ASD. These findings suggest that declining developmental trajectories may be more common than previously recognized by retrospective methods. Trajectory‐based screening methods could potentially identify children in the early stages of symptom onset and allow for early intervention before the full disorder has developed.
Indo‐Pacific origins of silky shark fins in major shark fin markets highlights supply chains and management bodies key for conservation
Authors: Cardeñosa Diego , Fields Andrew T. , Babcock Elizabeth , Shea Stanley K. H. , Feldheim Kevin A. , Kraft Derek W. , Hutchinson Melanie , Herrera Maria A. , Caballero Susana , Chapman Demian D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe silky shark is the second most common shark in Southeast Asia's dried fin markets and is managed in the Atlantic Ocean by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT) and by three Indo‐Pacific regional fisheries management organizations (RMFOs). The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna reports ∼ 7% of global silky landings but there is a moratorium on the export of their fins. During a 4‐year period (2014–2017) we used genetic differentiation observed between Atlantic and Indo‐Pacific silky sharks to assess the contribution of Atlantic individuals to fins randomly obtained in the two largest shark fin markets in the world, Hong Kong and Guangzhou, China (N = 604). We did not detect any Atlantic fins in either market despite robust sampling effort with an estimated Indo‐Pacific contribution of 99.8% to these markets. These findings indicate that supply chains for silky shark fins in Hong Kong and Guangzhou primarily originate in the Indo‐Pacific and are mainly under the purview of three Regional Fisheries Management Organizations. Our results are consistent with the possibility that ICCAT parties have achieved high compliance with the ban on silky sharks. We suggest research and monitoring improvements that could enhance our understanding of the global trade of silky sharks and enable better fisheries management.
Harnessing visitors' enthusiasm for national parks to fund cooperative large‐landscape conservation
Authors: Middleton Arthur D. , Stoellinger Temple , Karandikar Harshad , Leonard Bryan , Doremus Holly , Kremen Claire 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpillover impacts pose challenges for the management of protected areas (PAs). The issue of external threats encroaching on PAs has long been recognized, but a corollary—that PA conservation can increase costs borne by neighboring governments or landowners—is less well appreciated. In some contexts, basic principles of fairness and cooperation suggest that PA users should help pay these costs. Several countries have developed mechanisms for distributing the costs of spillover impacts to PA users, but not the United States. Here, we investigate whether and how US park visitors could help address one type of spillover, the need for wildlife conservation efforts beyond park boundaries, using a case study of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). We examine a “conservation fee” recently proposed in the Wyoming legislature, along with tax‐based alternatives. After exploring some costs of wildlife conservation in GYE, we estimate that a fee of up to $10 per vehicle could generate up to $13 million annually, and tax‐based approaches considerably more. We consider legal, political, and governance challenges, and ways to mitigate them. The GYE could serve as a demonstration site for visitor funding of cooperative, large‐landscape conservation, for potential future expansion in the US and beyond.
Eosinophilic folliculitis, eosinophilic dermatosis of hematologic malignancy and acneiform follicular mucinosis: Two case reports and a review of the literature highlighting the spectrum of histopathology
Authors: Bailey Cedric A. R. , Laurain Douglas A. , Sheinbein David M. , Jones Heather A. , Compton Leigh A. , Rosman Ilana S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWithin the literature, there is overlap in the histopathological features described in eosinophilic folliculitis associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), eosinophilic dermatosis of hematologic malignancy, and acneiform follicular mucinosis. These disorders are described with varying degrees of superficial and deep lymphocytic and eosinophilic inflammation demonstrating perivascular, perifollicular, and folliculocentric involvement with or without follicular mucin deposition. Given significant histopathological overlap, these diagnoses may represent a continuum on a spectrum of dermatoses. Here, we present two cases with histopathological elements that reflect components of this clinicopathological spectrum and compare our findings with previously reported cases to compare and contrast reported features. Our first case is a 71‐year‐old African American man with long‐standing CLL who developed a pruritic erythematous papular eruption on the face and chest with biopsy revealing a dense folliculotropic lymphocytic infiltrate with conspicuous eosinophils and follicular mucinosis. Our second case is a 70‐year‐old Caucasian man recently diagnosed with CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma who developed an erythematous papular rash on the neck and face with biopsy revealing superficial and deep perivascular and periadnexal lymphocytic inflammation with scattered eosinophils. Characterization of our two cases and comparison with available literature suggest that these disorders may represent a continuum of dermatoses.
Adversity in childhood/adolescence and premorbid tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use among first‐episode psychosis patients
Authors: Langlois Stephanie , Zern Adria , Kelley Mary E. , Compton Michael T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimPremorbid substance use is widely recognized as a crucial factor in early psychosis. We explored the effects of childhood/adolescent adversity on premorbid tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use. We hypothesized that adversity in childhood would be associated with an increased likelihood of use, and amount of intake, of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis. We analysed which domains of adversity have the greatest impact.MethodsFirst‐episode psychosis patients were enrolled from six inpatient psychiatric units in Atlanta, Georgia and Washington, D.C. Premorbid substance use was thoroughly measured, and childhood/adolescent adversity was rated using 14 scales/subscales. Factor analysis was used to reduce these scales/subscales to the three domains of adversity (termed Violence and Environmental Adversity, Interpersonal Abuse, and Neglect and Lack of Connectedness). Regression analyses determined associations between adversity domains and premorbid substance use.ResultsOur sample (n = 247) primarily consisted of African Americans (86.2%) and males (74.5%). Violence and Environmental Adversity was significantly associated with five of six substance use variables and marginally associated with the sixth. Interpersonal Abuse was unassociated with substance use, and Neglect and Lack of Connectedness was associated only with a lower likelihood cannabis use. When Violence and Environmental Adversity results were stratified by gender, effects on tobacco use and amount of tobacco use were stronger among females.ConclusionsChildhood/adolescent trauma and adversity have meaningful associations with premorbid substance use in first‐episode psychosis patients. First‐episode psychosis and clinical high‐risk treatment settings may benefit from expanding the assessment of childhood/adolescent adversity to include factors pertaining to violence exposure and adversities beyond abuse and neglect.
Measuring moral disengagement with a situational judgment test: Advancing the assessment of an important workplace construct
Authors: Fisher David M. , Good Stephen , Toich Margaret J. , Schutt Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMoral disengagement (MD) has been characterized as a uniquely important predictor of counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs). This study describes the development and validation of a situational judgment test (SJT) for measuring MD in the workplace, which offers potential advantages over existing Likert‐type scales. The development/validation efforts involved two independent rounds of subject‐matter expert (SME) review and data collected from three independent samples. The resulting test, labeled the MD‐SJT, displayed high reliability, was related to an established measure of MD as well as hypothesized personality variables, and was incrementally predictive of CWBs above the established measure of MD. This study advances knowledge pertaining to the assessment of MD, which is a critically important construct in the workplace.
Clinical treatment outcomes of hypertensive emergency patients: Results from the hypertension registry program in Northeastern Thailand
Authors: Kotruchin Praew , Pratoomrat Wachira , Mitsungnern Thapanawong , Khamsai Sittichai , Imoun Supap 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHypertensive emergency care is a challenge in clinical practices due to vital organ complications that may lead to unfavorable outcomes if left untreated. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, clinical characters, treatment, and outcomes of hypertensive emergency patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a university hospital in Northeast Thailand from January 2016 to December 2019. Hypertensive crises patients were consecutively registered to the Hypertension Registry Program. There were 263 674 patients who were admitted to the ER, 60,755 of whom had BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg and 1,342 of whom were diagnosed with a hypertensive emergency (127 per 100 000 patient‐year). The mean age was 66 years old, and 52.1% of the registered patients were men. The most common target organ damage was caused by stroke (49.8%), followed by acute heart failure (19.3%), and then by acute coronary syndrome (6.5%). Intravenous antihypertensive medication was given in 42.1% of the patients, and 80% were admitted to the hospital. The in‐hospital mortality rate was 1.6%. In conclusion, hypertensive emergencies were not uncommon among the emergency patients. Strokes caused the most common target organ damage. Although there was a high hospital admission rate, the mortality rate was low.
Circular RNA circEIF4G2 aggravates renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy by sponging miR‐218
Authors: Xu Bojin , Wang Qianqian , Li Wenyi , Xia Lili , Ge Xiaoxu , Shen Lisha , Cang Zhen , Peng Wenfang , Shao Kan , Huang Shan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCircular RNAs play essential roles in the development of various human diseases. However, how circRNAs are involved in diabetic nephropathy (DN) are not fully understood. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of circRNA circEIF4G2 on DN. Experiments were performed in the db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes and NRK‐52E cells. We found that circEIF4G2 was significantly up‐regulated in the kidneys of db/db mice and NRK‐52E cells stimulated by high glucose. circEIF4G2 knockdown inhibited the expressions of TGF‐β1, Collagen I and Fibronectin in high glucose‐stimulated NRK‐52E cells, which could be rescued by miR‐218 inhibitor. Knockdown of SERBP1 reduced the expression of TGF‐β1, Collagen I and Fibronectin in HG‐stimulated NRK‐52E cells. In summary, our findings suggested that circEIF4G2 promotes renal tubular epithelial cell fibrosis via the miR‐218/SERBP1 pathway, presenting a novel insight for DN treatment.