bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of diisopentyl phthalate exposure during gestation and lactation on hormone‐dependent behaviours and hormone receptor expression in rats
Authors: Neubert da Silva Gabriela , Zauer Curi Tatiana , Lima Tolouei Sara Emília , Tapias Passoni Marcella , Sari Hey Giovanna Beatriz , Marino Romano Renata , Martino‐Andrade Anderson Joel , Dalsenter Paulo Roberto 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhthalates are found in different plastic materials, such as packaging, toys and medical devices. Some of these compounds are endocrine disruptors, comprising substances that are able to induce multiple hormonal disturbances and downstream developmental effects, including the disruption of androgen‐dependent differentiation of the male reproductive tract and changes in pathways that regulate hormone‐dependent behaviours. In a previous study, metabolites of diisopentyl phthalate (DiPeP), a potent anti‐androgenic phthalate, were found in the urine of Brazilian pregnant women. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of DiPeP exposure during critical developmental periods on behaviours controlled by sex hormones in rats. Pregnant Wistar rats were treated with DiPeP (1, 10 or 100 mg kg day‐1) or canola oil by oral gavage between gestational day 10 and post‐natal day (PND) 21. Male offspring were tested in a behavioural battery, including the elevated plus maze task, play behaviour, partner preference and sexual behaviour. After the behavioural tests, the hypothalamus and pituitary of these animals were removed on PND 60‐65 and PND 145‐160 to quantify gene expression for aromatase, androgen receptor (Ar) and oestrogen receptors α (Esr1) and β (Esr2). Male rats exposed to 1 and 10 mg kg day‐1 DiPeP displayed no preference for the female stimulus rat in the partner preference test and 1 mg kg day‐1 DiPeP rats also showed a significant increase in mount and penetration latencies when mated with receptive females. A decrease in pituitary Esr1 expression was observed in all DiPeP treated groups regardless of age. A reduction in hypothalamic Esr1 expression in rats exposed to 10 mg kg day‐1 DiPeP was also observed. No significant changes were found with respect to Ar, Esr2 and aromatase expression in the hypothalamus. These results suggest that DiPeP exposure during critical windows of development in rats may induce changes in behaviours related to mating and the sexual motivation of males.
What Is a Patent Worth? Evidence from the U.S. Patent “Lottery”
Authors: FARRE‐MENSA JOAN , HEGDE DEEPAK , LJUNGQVIST ALEXANDER 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTWe provide evidence on the value of patents to startups by leveraging the quasi‐random assignment of applications to examiners with different propensities to grant patents. Using unique data on all first‐time applications filed at the U.S. Patent Office since 2001, we find that startups that win the patent “lottery” by drawing lenient examiners have, on average, 55% higher employment growth and 80% higher sales growth five years later. Patent winners also pursue more, and higher quality, follow‐on innovation. Winning a first patent boosts a startup’s subsequent growth and innovation by facilitating access to funding from venture capitalists, banks, and public investors.
Cultural self‐goals influence how much is remembered from early childhood events
Authors: Aydin Cagla , Conway Martin A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivePrior work examining the role of cultural self‐goals on the retrieval of early memories treated the presence of self‐goals; such as autonomy and relatedness, as a binary category which has led to overlooking within‐group nuances. Here, based on the idea that these goals co‐exist in varying degrees in individuals, we explore the relative contributions of self‐goals on age‐at‐event and the level of detail in positive and negative early memories.MethodParticipants (N = 119) recalled and dated two earliest positive and negative memories that they were highly confident were memories, and answered a set of questions about event‐specific details. They also completed a self‐construal scale.ResultsFor positive memories, Autonomous‐Related Self scores predicted both the age‐at‐event and the amount of detail in early memories, while. no such relationship was observed for negative memories.ConclusionsTogether these findings indicate that cultural self‐goals operate on the accessibility of early memories not only at the level of the boundaries of childhood amnesia but also on how much is recalled from early experiences.
Born migrators: Historical biogeography of the cosmopolitan family Cannabaceae
Authors: Jin Jian‐Jun , Yang Mei‐Qing , Fritsch Peter W. , van Velzen Robin , Li De‐Zhu , Yi Ting‐Shuang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDispersal scenarios have been favored over tectonic vicariance as an explanation for disjunct distributions in many plant taxa during the last two decades. However, this argument has been insufficiently addressed in cosmopolitan groups showing disjunct patterns in both the temperate and tropical regions. In this study, we used the Cannabaceae, an angiosperm family distributed in tropical and temperate regions of both the New World and the Old World, to explore the role of dispersal in shaping disjunct patterns and species diversification of cosmopolitan plants. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of all 10 genera and 75 species of Cannabaceae (ca. 64.1% of recognized species) based on eight DNA regions. Based on fossil calibrations, we estimated the divergence times and net diversification rates. We further inferred the ancestral geographical ranges with several models and compared the fitness of different models. The Cannabaceae and most genera were strongly supported as monophyletic except for the Parasponia being embedded within the Trema. The Celtis were resolved into two strongly supported clades primarily corresponding to temperate and tropical regions. We inferred that the Cannabaceae originated at ca. 93 Ma, and that subsequent rampant and widespread dispersals shaped the intercontinentally disjunct distribution of the Cannabaceae. Dispersal coincides with adaptation to drier and colder climate in the Northern Hemisphere, or humid and warm climate in the tropical regions, followed by rapid species diversification. This study advances our understanding as to the formation of distribution patterns and species diversification of a plant family with tropical to temperate disjunct distributions.
Hepatic NK cells attenuate fibrosis progression of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in dependent of CXCL10‐mediated recruitment
Authors: Fan Yuting , Zhang Wendi , Wei Haiming , Sun Rui , Tian Zhigang , Chen Yongyan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsNon‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. The precise role of NK cells in the progression of NASH has yet to be elucidated.MethodsUsing methionine‐ and choline‐deficient diets (MCD)‐induced NASH model, the role of NK cells was identified in WT mice compared with conventional NK cell–deficient Nfil3−/− mice.ResultsAfter 8 weeks of MCD treatment, NASH was induced as shown by the significant macrovesicular steatosis, necro‐inflammation and fibrosis in the liver of WT B6 mice. In MCD‐treated WT B6 mice, the number of NK cells was markedly increased in the liver, but decreased in the spleen. Intrahepatic NK cells exhibited high levels of activation, as evidenced by the expression of CD107a and cytokine production of IFN‐γ, TGF‐β and IL‐10. Lower expression levels of Ki67 indicated a reduction in the proliferation of intrahepatic NK cells after MCD treatment. Increased expression of CXCL10 in the liver early after MCD treatment led to the increased recruitment of CXCR3+ NK cells into the liver. The MCD‐treated Nfil3−/− mice showed similar levels of TG and macrovesicular steatosis, thus more inflammatory infiltration and increased collagen deposition in the liver. Furthermore, the depletion of NK cells during MCD‐induced NASH caused a significant increase in the infiltration of monocyte‐derived macrophages (MoMFs) particularly Ly6Clo subsets towards M2.ConclusionsIntrahepatic NK cells, recruited through CXCL10‐CXCR3 interaction, play a protective role against the fibrosis progression in NASH, which provide us with a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of NASH.
Effects of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir therapy on chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 4, infected children of 3‐6 years of age
Authors: Kamal Enas M. , El‐Shabrawi Mortada , El‐Khayat Hisham , Yakoot Mostafa , Sameh Yehia , Fouad Yasser , Attia Dina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsTreatment of children aged 3‐6 genotype 4 is still limited by the interferon side effects. We aimed in this study to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir in children (3‐6 years) genotype 4 chronic HCV‐infected patients.MethodsIn total, 22 consecutive chronic HCV‐infected patients (mean age 4.8 ± 0.9years, 19 males) were included in this prospective study. All patients received sofosbuvir 200 mg/ledipasvir 45 mg in a single oral daily dose. Patients were randomly subdivided into two groups according the duration of treatment into 8 and 12 weeks. All the clinical and laboratory data were collected. All the side effects were recorded from the patients or their parents. Follow‐up were made at Week 4, 8 and 12 and 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12).ResultsThe overall SVR12 rate was 100%. At Week 4, 9/11 patients in the 12‐week group (81.8%; 95% CI: 52.3%‐94.7%) achieved virologic negativity, vs 10/11 (90.9%; 95% CI: 62.3%‐98.4%) in the 8‐week group. At Week 8, 10/11 (90.8%; 95% CI: 62.3%‐98.4%) in the 12‐week group vs 11/11 (100%; 95% CI: 74.1%‐100%) in the 8‐week group were virologically negative. The reported side effects were cough, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea especially early in the treatment. The main complaint was difficulty in swallowing the tablets in the youngest patient at the beginning of the course of treatment. All patients were compliant to treatment.ConclusionSofosbuvir/ledipasvir combination is safe and tolerable in the chronic infected HCV genotype 4 infected children (3‐6 years). The 8‐week treatment duration is similarly effective as the 12‐week duration.
Spatiotemporal landscape genetics: Investigating ecology and evolution through space and time
Authors: Fenderson Lindsey E. , Kovach Adrienne I. , Llamas Bastien 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGenetic time‐series data from historical samples greatly facilitate inference of past population dynamics and species evolution. Yet, although climate and landscape change are often touted as post‐hoc explanations of biological change, our understanding of past climate and landscape change influences on evolutionary processes is severely hindered by the limited application of methods that directly relate environmental change to species dynamics through time. Increased integration of spatiotemporal environmental and genetic data will revolutionize the interpretation of environmental influences on past population processes and the quantification of recent anthropogenic impacts on species, and vastly improve prediction of species responses under future climate change scenarios, yielding widespread revelations across evolutionary biology, landscape ecology and conservation genetics. This review encourages greater use of spatiotemporal landscape genetic analyses that explicitly link landscape, climate and genetic data through time by providing an overview of analytical approaches for integrating historical genetic and environmental data in five key research areas: population genetic structure, demography, phylogeography, metapopulation connectivity and adaptation. We also include a tabular summary of key methodological information, suggest approaches for mitigating the particular difficulties in applying these techniques to ancient DNA and palaeoclimate data, and highlight areas for future methodological development.
Thermoelastic finite element model updating with application to monumental buildings
Authors: Ceravolo Rosario , De Lucia Giulia , Miraglia Gaetano , Pecorelli Marica L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA reliable and predictive model of an existing structure entails the use of model updating techniques, which are usually performed on the basis of operational modal analysis campaigns. In this paper, a new model calibration strategy is proposed that adopts a multiphysics approach to exploit data collected by both static and dynamic monitoring systems. More specifically, mechanical and temperature data are assimilated into the model through a thermoelastic updating. The proposed scheme is validated with numerical simulations and applied on the Sanctuary of Vicoforte, a complex historical building that is subjected to both static and dynamic monitoring.
Hospitalisations for mycoses as an indicator of socio‐environmental vulnerability in the Brazilian Amazon‐Savanna transition region
Authors: da Silva Letícia Chagas , de Oliveira Lorena Vívien Neves , Silva Fabrício Brito , Santos Jessflan Rafael Nascimento , de Araújo Mayara Lucyanne Santos , Mendes Amanda Graziela Gonçalves , Miranda Rita de Cássia Mendonça de , Santos Daniel Assis , Holanda Rodrigo Assuncao , Santos Julliana Ribeiro Alves 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe infections caused by fungi represent a global concern and an important cause of hospital admissions in endemic areas. The influence of socio‐environmental factors in infectious diseases has been documented; however, this phenomenon remains unclear regarding mycoses.ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyse the spatio‐temporal dynamics of hospitalisations for mycoses (HM) and the association with socio‐economic and climate data in the Amazon‐Savanna Transition Region in the state of Maranhão, Brazil.MethodsIn this study, Spearman's correlation was applied to determine the correlation between HM, socio‐economic and climatic data obtained from national databases in the period from 1998 to 2016. Hospitalisations for mycoses data were spatialised and analysed using the local Moran's index.ResultsOur data revealed a negative and significant correlation between HM and socio‐economic data regarding population, demographic density, human development index, health facilities and sanitary sewage. Significant correlations were observed between HM and precipitation, maximum temperature and minimum temperature. The main modulating climatic variable was the minimum temperature. The spatial autocorrelation analysis showed the dynamics of HM in municipalities belonging to the different regions of the state influenced by socio‐economic conditions. We observed the presence of municipalities with high incidence of HM surrounded by others with low HM cases and vice versa.ConclusionsOur results indicate that hospitalisations for mycoses represent an important indicator of socio‐environmental vulnerability in the Amazon‐Savanna transition region in Brazil. We encourage the adoption of measures to mitigate social and environmental impact on these diseases, especially in municipalities with low socio‐economic status.
Plastic transport systems of rice for mineral elements in response to diverse soil environmental changes
Authors: Wang Peitong , Yamaji Naoki , Inoue Komaki , Mochida Keiich , Ma Jian Feng 
Published: November 2019

Summary

Climate change will increase frequency of drought and flooding, which threaten global crop productivity and food security. Rice (Oryza sativa) is unique in that it is able to grow in both flooded and upland conditions, which have large differences in the concentrations and chemical forms of mineral elements available to plants.

To comprehensively understand the mechanisms of rice for coping with different water status, we performed ionomics and transcriptomics analysis of the roots, nodes and leaves of rice grown in flooded and upland conditions.

Focusing the analysis on genes encoding proteins involved in transport functions for mineral elements, it was found that, although rice plants maintained similar levels of each element in the shoots for optimal growth, different transporters for mineral elements were utilised for nitrogen, iron, copper and zinc to deal with different soil water conditions. For example, under flooded conditions, rice roots take up nitrogen using transporters for both ammonium (OsAMT1/2) and nitrate (OsNPF2.4, OsNRT1.1A and OsNRT2.3), whereas under upland conditions, nitrogen uptake is mediated by different nitrate transporters (OsNRT1.1B and OsNRT1.5A).

This study shows that rice possesses plastic transport systems for mineral elements in response to different water conditions (upland and flooding).
Correlation between prognostic nutritional index and occlusal status in gastric cancer
Authors: Abe Atsushi , Kurita Kenichi , Hayashi Hiroki , Ishihama Takanori , Ueda Akane 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveSystemic inflammatory responses in cancer patients are important factors for nutrition and prognosis. This study evaluates the association between tooth loss, occlusal status, and prognostic nutritional index (PNI).MethodsA total of 93 patients with gastric cancer were included. These parameters were investigated the following: stage, body mass index (BMI), total lymphocyte count, C‐reactive protein (CRP), PNI, and albumin (ALB). Patients were divided into three groups by Eichner classification (group A had contact in four support zones; group B had in one to three zones or in anterior region; and group C had no contact). PNI assumed 40 or less undernutrition. Multiple regression analysis was performed (PNI, dependent variable; Eichner index, main independent variable), using four independent variables (sex, age, BMI, and CRP) as adjustment factors.ResultsThe mean ± SD PNI in groups A, B, and C was 43.0 ± 4.7, 41.7 ± 5.2, and 36.7 ± 7.7, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between the number of teeth, both ALB, and PNI. ALB and PNI differed significantly between groups A and C (ALB, p = .0003; PNI, p = .005).ConclusionWe recommend a preoperative dental evaluation for assessing the nutritional status of patients with gastric cancer.
Lower vitamin D levels in the breast milk is associated with atopic dermatitis in early infancy
Authors: Wang Li‐Chieh , Chiang Bor‐Luen , Huang Yen‐Ming , Shen Pei‐Ting , Huang Hsun‐Yi , Lin Bi‐Fong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundOur previous study showed that the discontinuation of breastfeeding could improve atopic dermatitis (AD) symptoms in exclusively breastfed infants. As vitamins A and D are influential on the immune system, we aimed to analyze the association of vitamin A and D levels in breast milk (BM) with AD.MethodsWe enrolled two‐ to four‐month‐old exclusively breastfed infants. The objective SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (objSCORAD) was evaluated. The lipid layer of BM was extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography for vitamin A and D levels. Medical charts were reviewed for the clinical course of AD.ResultsForty‐five AD patients and 45 healthy controls were enrolled. The objSCORAD was 20.54 ± 1.73 (shown as mean ± SEM) in the AD group. The sex, parental atopy history, nutrient intake of mothers, and vitamin A levels in BM were not significantly different between the two groups. The 25‐(OH) D3 level in BM was significantly lower in the AD group than in the control group (1.72 ± 0.30 and 3.95 ± 0.64 ng/mL, respectively; P = .001). The 25‐(OH) D3 level negatively correlated with objSCORAD (P = .003). The only factor that is significantly associated with persistent AD is the objSCORAD in infancy (P = .003) after adjusting for age, sex, parental atopy history, and 25‐(OH) D3 level by multiple regression.ConclusionVitamin D levels in BM for exclusively breastfed infants were negatively associated with objSCORAD. Lower vitamin D levels in BM might be a risk factor for infantile AD.
A polerovirus, Potato leafroll virus, alters plant–vector interactions using three viral proteins
Authors: Patton MacKenzie F. , Bak Aurélie , Sayre Jordan M. , Heck Michelle L. , Casteel Clare L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPotato leafroll virus (PLRV), genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae, is a major pathogen of potato worldwide. PLRV is transmitted among host plants by aphids in a circulative–nonpropagative manner. Previous studies have demonstrated that PLRV infection increases aphid fecundity on, and attraction to, infected plants as compared to controls. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating this relationship are still poorly understood. In this study, we measured the impact of PLRV infection on plant–aphid interactions and plant chemistry in two hosts: Solanum tuberosum and Nicotiana benthamiana. Our study demonstrates that PLRV infection attenuates the induction of aphid‐induced jasmonic acid and ethylene in S. tuberosum and N. benthamiana. Using transient expression experiments, insect bioassays and chemical analysis, we show that expression of three PLRV proteins (P0, P1, and P7) mediate changes in plant–aphid interactions and inhibition of aphid‐induced jasmonic acid and ethylene in N. benthamiana. This study enhances our understanding of the plant‐vector‐pathogen interface by elucidating new mechanisms by which plant viruses transmitted in a circulative manner can manipulate plant hosts.
Water and vapor transport in algal‐fungal lichen: Modeling constrained by laboratory experiments, an application forFlavoparmelia caperata
Authors: Potkay Aaron , ten Veldhuis Marie‐Claire , Fan Ying , Mattos Caio R. C. , Ananyev Gennady , Dismukes G. Charles 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTAlgal‐fungal symbionts share water, nutrients, and gases via an architecture unique to lichens. Because lichen activity is controlled by moisture dynamics, understanding water transport is prerequisite to understand their fundamental biology. We propose a model of water distributions within foliose lichens governed by laws of fluid motion. Our model differentiates between water stored in symbionts, on extracellular surfaces, and in distinct morphological layers. We parameterize our model with hydraulic properties inverted from laboratory measurements ofFlavoparmelia caperataand validate for wetting and drying. We ask: (1) Where is the bottleneck to water transport? (2) How do hydration and dehydration dynamics differ? and (3) What causes these differences? Resistance to vapor flow is concentrated at thallus surfaces and acts as the bottleneck for equilibrium, while internal resistances are small. The model captures hysteresis in hydration and desiccation, which are shown to be controlled by nonlinearities in hydraulic capacitance. Muting existing nonlinearities slowed drying and accelerated wetting, while exaggerating nonlinearities accelerated drying and slowed wetting. The hydraulic nonlinearity ofF. caperatais considerable, which may reflect its preference for humid and stable environments. The model establishes the physical foundation for future investigations of transport of water, gas, and sugar between symbionts.