bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approximation operators based on preconcepts
Authors: Wang Gang , Mao Hua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Using the notion of preconcept, we generalize Pawlak’s approximation operators from a one-dimensional space to a two-dimensional space in a formal context. In a formal context, we present two groups of approximation operators in a two-dimensional space: one is aided by an equivalence relation defined on the attribute set, and another is aided by the lattice theoretical property of the family of preconcepts. In addition, we analyze the properties of those approximation operators. All these results show that we can approximate all the subsets in a formal context assisted by the family of preconcepts using the above groups of approximation operators. Some biological examples show that the two groups of approximation operators provided in this article have potential ability to assist biologists to do the phylogenetic analysis of insects.
Serum Neopterin Levels and IDO Activity as Possible Markers for Presence and Progression of Hepatitis B
Authors: Koç Deniz Öğütmen , Özhan Yağmur , Acar Ebru Türköz , Bireroğlu Nilgün , Aslan Fatih , Keğin Murat , Sipahi Hande 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still one of the major reasons for liver related mortality and morbidity all around the world. This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between the immune system activation and presence, as well as progression, of hepatitis B infection by monitoring the tryptophan degradation and serum neopterin levels in patients with HBV. 110 patients with HBV and 23 healthy subjects were included in the study. The patients had significantly higher neopterin levels and increased kynurenine to tryptophan ratios, which were most probably due to enhanced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity compared to healthy control. A strong positive correlation was found between neopterin levels and IDO activity in patient group. Neopterin levels and IDO activity were markedly increased in patients with histological activity index (HAI) ≥4 compared to HAI<4, and a significant correlation was found between neopterin and HAI. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between albumin levels and IDO activity in HBV patients. These findings suggest that tryptophan degradation results from IFN-γ-induced IDO activation, likewise depletion of albumin synthesis in HBV patients may result from diminished tryptophan availability. In conclusion, based on the study results, serum neopterin levels and IDO activity could provide additional immunological information for monitoring liver histological activity and can be used as prognostic markers in HBV disease.
Discrete and asymptotic approximations for one stationary radiative–conductive heat transfer problem
Authors: Amosov Andrey A. , Krymov Nikita E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpecial discrete and asymptotic approximations are proposed for the boundary value problem describing a stationary radiative–conductive heat transfer in a system of absolutely black heat-conducting rods of circular cross-section. Results of numerical experiments are presented to confirm the efficiency of proposed approximations.
Hyperelastic membrane modelling based on data-driven constitutive relations
Authors: Salamatova Victoria Yu. , Liogky Alexey A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present data-driven modelling of membrane deformation by a hyperelastic nodal force method. We assume that constitutive relations are characterized by tabulated experimental data instead of the conventional phenomenological approach. As experimental data we use synthetic data from the bulge test simulation for neo-Hookean and Gent materials. The numerical study of descriptive and predictive capabilities of our approach demonstrates very good results of the data-driven modelling provided that the input tabulated data are expanded to a wider region of strain characteristics. Two methods for such expansion are suggested and numerically studied. Different loadings of hyperelastic membranes are successfully recovered by our approach.
Improvement of skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity by 1 week of SGLT2 inhibitor use
Authors: Goto Yuka , Otsuka Yoshie , Ashida Kenji , Nagayama Ayako , Hasuzawa Nao , Iwata Shimpei , Hara Kento , Tsuruta Munehisa , Wada Nobuhiko , Motomura Seiichi , Tajiri Yuji , Nomura Masatoshi 
Published: June 2020

Background and Aims:
It is currently unclear whether sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor administration can improve the insulin sensitivity as well as rapidly reduce plasma glucose concentrations in humans during the early phase of treatment initiation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SGLT2 inhibitor on insulin sensitivity in the early phase of treatment initiation.

Methods and Results
This single-center, open label, and single-arm prospective study recruited 20 patients (14 men) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examined the patients’ metabolic parameters before and 1 week after SGLT2 inhibitor (10 mg/day of empagliflozin) administration. The glucose infusion rate (GIR) was evaluated using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique. Changes in laboratory and anthropometric parameters before and after SGLT2 inhibitor administration were analyzed according to the change in the GIR. The BMI, body fat amount, skeletal muscle amount, systolic blood pressure, and triglyceride level significantly decreased along with the treatment, while urinary glucose level and log GIR value significantly increased. Notably, changes in the GIR after SGLT2 inhibitor administration, which indicated improvement in peripheral insulin sensitivity, were negatively correlated with T2DM duration and positively with reduction in fluctuation of daily plasma glucose profiles before and after treatment.

Conclusion
SGLT2 inhibitor improved insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle independent of anthropometric changes. Patients with short duration of T2DM and insulin resistance can be good candidates for short-term SGLT2 inhibitor administration to improve insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle.
Parent-Child Agreement on Postconcussion Symptoms in the Acute Postinjury Period
Authors: Gagnon Isabelle , Teel Elizabeth , Gioia Gerard , Aglipay Mary , Barrowman Nick , Sady Maegan , Vaughan Christopher , Zemek Roger ,   PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY RESEARCH CANADA (PERC) 5P TEAM
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVES:To evaluate parent-child agreement on postconcussion symptom severity within 48 hours of injury and examine the comparative predictive power of a clinical prediction rule when using parent or child symptom reporting.METHODS:Both patients and parents quantified preinjury and current symptoms using the Postconcussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI) in the pediatric emergency department. Two-way mixed, absolute measure intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the agreement between patient and parent reports. A multiple logistic regression was run with 9 items to determine the predictive power of the Predicting and Preventing Postconcussive Problems in Pediatrics clinical prediction rule when using the child-reported PCSI. Delong’s receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to compare the area under the curve (AUC) for the child-report models versus previously published parent-report models.RESULTS:Overall parent-child agreement for the total PCSI score was fair (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.66). Parent-child agreement was greater for (1) postinjury (versus preinjury) ratings, (2) physical (versus emotional) symptoms, and (3) older (versus younger) children. Applying the clinical prediction rule by using the child-reported PCSI maintained similar predictive power to parent-reported PCSI (child AUC = 0.70 [95% confidence interval: 0.67–0.72]; parent AUC = 0.71 [95% confidence interval: 0.68–0.74]; P = .23).CONCLUSIONS:Overall parent-child agreement on postconcussion symptoms is fair but varies according to several factors. The findings for physical symptoms and the clinical prediction rule have high agreement; information in these domains are likely to be similar regardless of whether they are provided by either the parent or child. Younger children and emotional symptoms show poorer agreement; interviewing both the child and the parent would provide more comprehensive information in these instances.
Benzodiazepine Treatment and Fracture Risk in Young Persons With Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Bushnell Greta A. , Gerhard Tobias , Crystal Stephen , Olfson Mark 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND:
Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed to treat anxiety disorders and have been associated with falls and fractures in older adults. It is unknown whether benzodiazepines increase fracture risk in youth. We examined whether youth with anxiety disorders initiating benzodiazepine treatment have an increased risk of fractures compared with youth initiating selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

METHODS:
We used claims from commercially insured children (6–17 years) and young adults (18–24) with a recent anxiety disorder diagnosis, initiating benzodiazepines or SSRIs (2008–2016). Youth were followed until fracture, treatment discontinuation or switching, disenrollment, 3 months, or December 31, 2016. The primary end point was diagnostic codes for upper and lower limb fractures. Incident fracture rates, incident rate ratios (IRRs), and incident rate differences (IRDs) were estimated with propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting.

RESULTS:
The cohort included 120 715 children and 179 768 young adults. In children, crude fracture rates during treatment were 33.1 per 1000 person-years (PYs) for benzodiazepine initiators and 25.1 per 1000 PYs for SSRI initiators. Adjusted IRR and IRD were 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94–2.50) and 13.4 per 1000 PYs. Risk was heightened in children initiating long-acting benzodiazepines versus SSRIs (adjusted IRR = 2.30 [95% CI: 1.08–4.91]). Fracture rates were lower in young adults, with minimal differences between treatments (adjusted IRR = 0.85 [95% CI: 0.57–1.27]; adjusted IRD = −1.3 per 1000 PYs).

CONCLUSIONS:
An increased rate of fractures in children, but not young adults, with anxiety disorders initiating benzodiazepine treatment compared to SSRI treatment suggests a need for increased caution in the weeks after benzodiazepine initiation in children.
Contribution de lâ€™Autonomisation des Femmes au DÃ©veloppement Humain dans lâ€™UEMOA
Authors: EllÃ© Amel Adon , AbbÃ© Hermann 
Published: June 2020

Lâ€™objectif de cette Ã©tude est de vÃ©rifier lâ€™existence dâ€™un lien entre lâ€™autonomisation des femmes et le dÃ©veloppement humain dans les pays de la zone UEMOA. Pour ce faire, lâ€™analyse est basÃ©e sur la MÃ©thode des Moments GÃ©nÃ©ralisÃ©s (MMG) appliquÃ©e aux huit (08) pays de lâ€™UEMOA sur la pÃ©riode de 2001â€“2015 en donnÃ©es de panel. Les rÃ©sultats mettent en Ã©vidence que la population active fÃ©minine, lâ€™inscription des filles Ã lâ€™Ã©cole secondaire et la participation des femmes parlementaires agissent positivement et significativement sur lâ€™IDH, ce qui contribuerait Ã une amÃ©lioration du dÃ©veloppement humain. Par ailleurs cet article montre que lâ€™indice dâ€™inÃ©galitÃ©s de genre agit Ã©galement positivement et non significativement sur lâ€™IDH. Ainsi, cette Ã©tude suggÃ¨re quâ€™une rÃ©duction de lâ€™indice dâ€™inÃ©galitÃ©s de genre pourrait agir de maniÃ¨re significative sur lâ€™Indice du DÃ©veloppement Humain.
This paper focuses on verifying the existence of a link between the empowerment of women and human development in countries of the WAEMU zone. To do this, the analysis is based on the Generalized Moment Method (GMM) applied to the eight (8) WAEMU countries over the period 2001â€“2015 in panel data. The results show that the female workforce, the enrolment of girls in secondary school, and the participation of women parliamentarians have a positive and significant impact on the HDI, contributing to an improvement in human development. This paper further shows that the gender inequality index also acts positively and not significantly on the HDI. This study suggests that a reduction in the index of gender inequalities could have a significant effect on the Human Development Index.
Influence Du Mode Dâ€™hÃ©bergement Et Des Conditions De Vie Des ElÃ¨ves Sans Tuteurs Sur Le Rendement Scolaire : Cas Du Premier Cycle Du LycÃ©e Moderne De DananÃ© (CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire)
Authors: Mathias Agossou Kouakou 
Published: June 2020

Cette Ã©tude a pour objectif dâ€™analyser la relation entre les conditions de vie des Ã©lÃ¨ves sans tuteurs dâ€™hÃ©bergement et leurs rendements scolaires. Les techniques de recherches utilisÃ©es sont la recherche documentaire et lâ€™enquÃªte par questionnaire. La mÃ©thode dâ€™analyse quantitative a Ã©tÃ© utilisÃ©e sur Ã©chantillon stratifiÃ© de 530 Ã©lÃ¨ves. Les rÃ©sultats issus des analyses statistiques montrent que les conditions de vie des Ã©lÃ¨ves basÃ©es sur le mode dâ€™hÃ©bergement nâ€™a pas dâ€™influence sur le rendement scolaire des Ã©lÃ¨ves en ce qui concerne la satisfaction des besoins en manuels scolaires, lâ€™organisation personnelle de lâ€™Ã©lÃ¨ve et lâ€™utilisation de rÃ©pÃ©titeur par lâ€™Ã©lÃ¨ve. En revanche, les conditions de vie des Ã©lÃ¨ves basÃ©es sur le mode dâ€™hÃ©bergement a une influence sur le rendement scolaire en ce qui concerne la satisfaction des besoins dâ€™alimentation, le sentiment dâ€™Ãªtre aimÃ© de ses parents et lâ€™idÃ©e que se fait lâ€™Ã©lÃ¨ve sur la qualitÃ© de ses rapports avec son environnement humain immÃ©diat. Ces rÃ©sultats appellent Ã des interventions multiformes Ã plusieurs niveaux du systÃ¨me Ã©ducatif ivoirien.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the living conditions of students without accommodation tutors and their academic performance. The research techniques used are documentary research and questionnaire surveys. The quantitative analysis method was used on a stratified sample of 530 students. The results from the statistical analyzes show that the living conditions of the students based on the type of accommodation does not influence the academic performance of the students with regard to meeting the needs for textbooks, personal organization and the student's use of a repeater. On the other hand, the living conditions of students based on the type of accommodation has an influence on academic performance with regard to satisfying feeding needs, the feeling of being loved by one's parents and the idea that makes the student about the quality of his relationships with his immediate human environment. These results call for multifaceted interventions on several levels of the Ivorian education system.
Analyse Des Situations ProblÃ©matiques De Quelques Manuels Scolaires En Rapport Avec lâ€™Ecologie Et lâ€™Education Relative Ã€ lâ€™Environnement Dans Les Programmes Des Sections Internationales Du BaccalaurÃ©at Marocain, SVT-Option FranÃ§ais
Authors: Bekhat Bouchra , Madrane Mourad , Janati-Idrissi Rachid , Zerhane Rajae , Laafou Mohamed 
Published: June 2020

DÃ©sormais, les sociÃ©tÃ©s seront confrontÃ©es Ã des problÃ¨mes de dÃ©veloppement, de surpopulation et dâ€™environnement qui impliqueraient de la part du citoyen des compÃ©tences et des prÃ©dispositions aptes Ã permettre une approche critique de ces problÃ¨mes. Lâ€™Ã©cole et les actions Ã©ducatives seraient les seuls garants dâ€™une Ã©ducation Ã lâ€™environnement susceptibles de dÃ©velopper des valeurs et des habilitÃ©s permettant le dÃ©veloppement de comportements favorables Ã la protection et Ã la prÃ©servation des milieux naturels. Cependant, le constat gÃ©nÃ©ral montre un Ã©cart important entre les objectifs visÃ©s et la qualitÃ© des actions Ã©ducatives rÃ©ellement dÃ©ployÃ©es. Pour ses actions, le travail menÃ© est relatif Ã la nature et Ã lâ€™Ã©valuation de la pertinence didactique des textes introductifs ou situations problÃ©matiques proposÃ©s par diffÃ©rents manuels en rapport avec des thÃ©matiques Ã©cologiques et environnementales. Il vise, de ce fait, une analyse critique de ces textes, et ce pour dÃ©cortiquer leurs contenus et leur pertinence didactique relativement aux objectifs visÃ©s de problÃ©matisation et dâ€™enseignement. Aussi la mÃ©thodologie adoptÃ©e est-elle fondÃ©e principalement sur lâ€™analyse des contenus. Les rÃ©sultats obtenus aboutissent Ã la conclusion selon laquelle ces situations problÃ¨mes et ces textes introductifs ne peuvent pas constituer des documents didactiques pertinents pour motiver et mettre en oeuvre des actions Ã©ducatives efficaces en rapport avec les objectifs de lâ€™Ã©ducation relative Ã lâ€™environnement.
Societies are faced with development, overpopulation, and environmental problems which imply on the part of the citizen certain competences and predispositions. This has led to a critical approach of these problems. School and educational actions would be the only guarantors of an environmental educationwhich is likely to develop values and skills that allow the development of favourable behaviours for the protection and the preservation of the natural environments. The general observation shows an important difference between the objectives and the quality of the educational actions deployed. This paper focuses on a critical analysis of these texts in order to dissect their content and their didactic relevance to the objectives of teaching. The methodology adopted is based mainly on content analysis. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that such situations and introductory texts cannot constitute relevant didactic documents to motivate and implement effective educational actions which are related to the objectives of environmental education.
Chemical Characterization of the Essential Oil of Syzygium Aromaticum and its Antimicrobial Activity Against A Probiotic Lactobacillus Acidophilus
Authors: Fuentes Jhunior Abrahan MarcÃ­a , Fernandez Ismael Montero , Aleman Ricardo Santos , Maldonado Selvin Antonio Saravia , Roger Leonardo Flores , Funez Nelys Herrera , ChavarrÃ­a Leonardo Antonio , Kayanush Aryana 
Published: June 2020

Eugenol is the main constituent of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil. It is liquid and oily in consistency, light yellow, with a characteristic aroma, slightly soluble in water and soluble in alcohol. In addition, it is considered an essential oil of high antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant capability. Studies related to its effect on probiotic bacteria are scanty. The objective of this research was to determine the chemical composition of clove essential oil and the antimicrobial influence of clove extract from clove on the growth of Lactobacillus acidophillus. Among the main constituents in clove essential oil, eugenol stands out with 79.47%, Î²- cariophilene with 7.67% and Î±-humulene with 2.65%. L. acidophilus was inoculated in MRS Sorbitol agar containing 0%, 0.1, 0.50, 1, 2 and 3% essential oil and incubated for 0, 24 and 48 h. Pour plates were incubated anaerobically at 35Â°C Â± 1Â°C for 48 h. A colony counter was used to enumerate bacteria. The clove extract showed an inhibitory effect against L. acidophillus from concentrations greater than 1%, but at concentration less than 1% essential oil did not adversely influence growth of L. acidophilus. The inoculation time at 0 h showed significantly highest counts compared to 24 h and 48 h which had counts not significantly different from each other. Although counts were lowered, L acidophilus survived the 48 h exposure. Clove essential oil use and L. acidophilus probiotic benefit can both be had when essential is used at less than 1%.
Assessment of Discharge Planning Process and Quality of Care in the Emergency Department of Tamale Teaching Hospital
Authors: Mohammed Iddrisu , Christophe Oppong Kwaku , Alem John Ndebugri , Linda Norman 
Published: June 2020

Discharge planning is the transition of patient care from the hospital setting to home, primary care provider or the community and effective discharge planning is crucial in enhancing patient recovery as it is an integral part of patient care. Poor implementation of discharge planning is associated with varying consequences for both the individual patient/family and the health system as a whole. Again, there is the challenge of the general public's perception of a dwindling standard of care by nurses and the general lowering of standards in Ghana. This study, therefore, sought to assess the discharge planning process and quality of care in the Emergency Department (ED) of Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH). With a cross-sectional study design, 370 discharged patients were selected from the emergency department using a consecutive sampling technique. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), was used to analyse the data. Descriptive results took the form of frequencies, percentage distribution, means and, standard deviations and presented in tables and figures. A bivariate Pearson correlation analysis was also done to establish the relationship between structure, discharge planning and quality of care. The findings from the study revealed a good practice of the discharge planning process (26.46, SD = 3. 41) and high quality of care (57.26, SD = 8.30). There was also a statistically significant positive relationship between discharge planning and quality of care and the same was established between the structure of the ED and quality of care. These findings imply a good implementation of the discharge planning process and demonstrate that the public outcry about the poor quality of nursing care in Ghana is a mere perception but not a reality. There is, therefore, the need for a sensitization programme to educate the general public on what constitutes the quality of care in our healthcare delivery system.