bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral sodium bicarbonate protocol for high-dose methotrexate urine alkalinization: A pediatric experience
Authors: Diachinsky Mark , Tran Tracey , Jupp Jennifer , McKinnon Krista 
Published: April 2020

Introduction Methotrexate (MTX) is a cytotoxic antimetabolite. Intravenous (IV) hydration and urine alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) can mitigate nephrotoxicity associated with high-dose MTX (HDMTX, doses ≥500 mg/m2). A shortage of IV NaHCO3 in 2017 prompted Alberta Children’s Hospital (ACH) and Stollery Children’s Hospital (SCH) to adopt an alternative protocol including oral NaHCO3 and IV hydration with Lactated Ringer’s (LR). Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted for ACH and SCH inpatients who received HDMTX between January and December 2017. The primary outcome was the proportion of cycles with delayed HDMTX clearance within the IV and oral cohorts. Secondary outcomes include NaHCO3 administered until clearance, NaHCO3 required to reach pH ≥7, time to reach pH ≥7, incidence of pH <7, time to clearance, and time to discharge. Adverse effects associated with delayed clearance or NaHCO3 administration were also reported. Results 112 MTX cycles were included, 50 and 62 from the IV and oral cohorts, respectively. Clearance delays beyond protocol expectations occurred in 10 cycles (8.9%), 5 from each cohort ( p = 0.72). Differences between cohorts were not statistically significant, except the amounts of NaHCO3 required until clearance (383 vs. 277 mmol/m2, p = 0.005) and to reach pH ≥7 (52 vs. 40 mmol/m2, p = 0.004) were lower in the oral cohort. Incidences of adverse effects were not different. Conclusions Oral NaHCO3 with LR is a feasible alternative for urine alkalinization. The total dose of NaHCO3 utilized was lower in the oral cohort, with no additional delays in clearance.
Animal-Assisted Activity in Critically Ill Older Adults: A Randomized Pilot and Feasibility Trial
Authors: Branson Sandy , Boss Lisa , Hamlin Shannan , Padhye Nikhil S. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Limited evidence suggests the efficacy of animal-assisted activities (AAA) in improving biobehavioral stress responses in older patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Objectives: To assess the feasibility of an AAA (dog) intervention for improving biobehavioral stress response, measured by self-reported stress and anxiety and salivary cortisol, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-1β in older ICU patients, we examined enrollment, attrition, completion, data collection, and biobehavioral stress responses. Methods: ICU patients ≥60 years old were randomly assigned to a 10-min AAA intervention or control/usual ICU care. Attitudes toward pets were assessed before the intervention. Self-reported stress and anxiety and salivary stress biomarkers were collected before and after the intervention and the usual care condition. Results: The majority of patients were ineligible due to lack of decisional capacity, younger age, inability to provide saliva specimens, or critical illness. Though 15 participants were randomly allocated (AAA = 9; control = 6), only 10 completed the study. All participants completed the questionnaires; however, saliva specimens were significantly limited by volume. AAA was associated with decreases in stress and anxiety. Biomarker results were variable and revealed no specific trends associated with stress responses. Conclusions: Barriers to recruitment included an insufficient number of patients eligible for AAA based on hospital policy, difficulty finding patients who met study eligibility criteria, and illness-related factors. Recommendations for future studies include larger samples, a stronger control intervention such as a visitor without a dog, greater control over the AAA intervention, and use of blood from indwelling catheters for biomarkers.
Clinical and Laboratory Differences Between Early-Onset and Late-Onset Adult Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Ha Dae-Lyong , Park Geun-Hwi , Kim Hoon-Soo , Ko Hyun-Chang , Kim Moon-Bum , Lim Kyoung-Min , Kim Byung-Soo 
Published: April 2020

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults is not uncommon, and its prevalence has been increasing in the recent decades. However, there is a paucity of data about the differences between early-onset and late-onset adult AD. Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of adult AD, focusing on the differences between early-onset and late-onset adult AD. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and clinical photos of 214 adult AD patients (≥18 years of age) over a 3-year period. We classified the patients into 2 groups: early-onset (first onset of AD before 12 years of age) and late-onset (first onset of AD at 12 years of age or later). Results Among 214 patients, 151 patients (70.6%) belonged to the early-onset group (mean age 24.5 years), while 63 patients belonged to the late-onset group (mean age 29.5 years). An association with allergic asthma or rhinitis, a family history of atopic disease, elevated total serum IgE, and sensitivity to food allergens were more commonly seen in the early-onset group. The late-onset group had a significant likelihood of nonflexural involvement (38.1% vs 13.2%). There was no significant difference in the mean eczema area severity index score, eosinophil count, and sensitivity to aeroallergens between 2 groups. Conclusion Adult AD shows different clinical and laboratory characteristics depending on the age of onset. This study could help to create awareness about the heterogeneity of AD in adulthood and encourage further studies on clinical outcomes and different therapeutic methods depending on the age of onset.
Identifying service needs and service gaps for sexually exploited/trafficked persons in Missouri
Authors: Koegler Erica , Preble Kathleen M , Tlapek Sarah M 
Published: April 2020

Summary The U.S. Trafficking Victims’ Protection Act of 2000 established specialized victims’ services and law enforcement directives to protect victims/survivors of sex trafficking through investigation and aftercare services. Yet, gaps remain in our understanding of services needed and the best approaches to improve outcomes. Using cross-sectional electronic survey data from 107 service providers to human trafficking victims across Missouri, this study examines (1) victims’ service needs, (2) agencies’ ability to provide services, (3) victim sub-populations that agencies are able to serve, and (4) the rural/urban availability of anti-trafficking services. Findings Service providers, including social workers, counselors, law enforcement, and medical professionals reported that the most needed services for victims included case management, counseling, crisis services, shelter, and medical assistance. However, out of 15 possible victim services, only two were provided in-house by the majority of agencies. Additionally, respondents identified populations they were frequently unable to serve including incarcerated victims, tribal victims of violence, and refugees and immigrants. Urban counties were served by a significantly higher mean number of respondents compared to rural counties. Applications Findings raise concerns that some of the most critical services needed for best practice response may not be easily accessible for victims, particularly in rural regions. In addition, many providers are tasked with addressing multiple service needs with limited resources. Efforts to increase cross-discipline training, interdisciplinary collaboration, and funding for basic services are needed to ensure adequate and accessible services for survivors. Recommendations for future research and coordination of an effective response are noted.
Volunteer work with vulnerable persons in the community: A qualitative study of social inclusion
Authors: Kruithof Kasper , Suurmond Jeanine , Kal Doortje , Harting Janneke 
Published: April 2020

Summary Performing work is regarded as a key factor in the social inclusion of vulnerable persons. However, such social inclusion appears to be problematic in both mainstream and segregated settings. We aimed to examine whether volunteer work in integrated settings could be a suitable alternative. In a case study, we interviewed 13 vulnerable persons who were enabled—through a “Quarter Making” intervention—to perform volunteer work in a community setting. Data were analyzed using concepts from social epidemiology and social sciences. Findings Participation in the community gave respondents structure, and made them feel useful, meaningful, and proud, as well as a useful interconnected part of society. Interpersonal relationships provided them with superficial but meaningful contacts in the community, and helped them to transcend their social group, and—sometimes—build friendships. These experiences of improved social inclusion resulted in respondents reporting better mental health and wellbeing, and speaking in terms of feeling more normal and—sometimes—in terms of recovery. Applications To improve the social inclusion of vulnerable persons, performing volunteer work in integrated settings could be a suitable alternative for mainstream work or work in segregated settings. Interventions aimed at matching vulnerable persons to integrated settings, like Quarter Making, should preferably find a balance between creating bridging capital, to allow vulnerable persons to connect to “the normal world,” and offering bonding capital, to give them a safe place where they can “learn and relearn” to deal with the demands of modern society.
Outcome Evaluation of an Empirical Study: Food Waste Social Marketing Pilot
Authors: Kim Jeawon , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn , Knox Kathy , Hodgkins Samuel 
Published: April 2020

Background: Evidence indicates behavior change is more likely when more social marketing benchmark principles are applied. Yet, transparent and clear reporting of the application of benchmarks to change behavior is rare. Focus of the Article: The aims of this study were (1) to verify the efficacy of social marketing in reducing food waste and (2) to enumerate and critique the practicality of applying social marketing benchmark criteria. Research Question: To address the research aims, two research questions were proposed: (1) Can a social marketing program designed with consumers reduce household food waste behavior? and (2) How are social marketing benchmarks applied to reduce food waste? Program Design/Approach: A consumer-insight driven social marketing program Waste Not Want Not (WNWN) was designed following the social marketing process and delivered to local Redland City Council residents located within the pilot area. This article reports a process and outcome evaluation for the pilot study and a critical evaluation of benchmark criteria application. Importance to the Social Marketing Field: This article demonstrates social marketing’s efficacy to reduce food waste behavior in households, and it critically evaluates application of benchmark criteria to assist future research and practice. Methods: In total, 314 local council area residents were randomly allocated into either a program ( n = 110) or control group ( n = 204). The program group received intervention materials and invitations to attend the 2-week program activities held in a local shopping center. Control group participants received nothing. The extent of social marketing benchmark application was examined for the WNWN program. Results: Outcome evaluation indicated that the pilot study reduced self-reported household food waste and increased perceived level of self-efficacy in cooking for the program group, but not the control group. WNWN successfully applied five of the eight social marketing benchmark criteria, namely, consumer orientation, insight, competition, marketing mix, and behavior change. Recommendations for Research or Practice: Given that use of more benchmarks increases the likelihood of behavior change, future research must advocate for complete application of the eight major social marketing benchmark criteria in program design. Clear operational definitions are required to improve practice and behavioral change outcomes. Limitations: Study 1 focused on individual feedback and self-reported data minimizing the possibility of generalization. Future research could employ observational methods and involve a wider array of stakeholders to increase generalizability.
An integrated hospital-to-home transitional care intervention for older adults with stroke and multimorbidity: A feasibility study
Authors: Markle-Reid Maureen , Valaitis Ruta , Bartholomew Amy , Fisher Kathryn , Fleck Rebecca , Ploeg Jenny , Salerno Jennifer 
Published: April 2020

Background:Stroke is the leading cause of death and adult disability in Canada. Eighty percent of older adults (≥65 years) who have suffered a stroke will return to their homes, and 60% will require ongoing rehabilitation. The transition between hospital and home is often fragmented, leading to adverse health outcomes, hospital readmissions, and increased health-care costs. This study examined the feasibility of a 6-month integrated transitional care stroke intervention (TCSI), and explored its effects on health outcomes, patient and provider experience, and cost in 30 community-living older adults (≥55 years) with stroke and multimorbidity (≥2 chronic conditions) using outpatient stroke rehabilitation services.Methods:The TCSI is a 6-month intervention delivered by an interprofessional (IP) team (occupational therapist, physiotherapist, speech language pathologist, registered nurse, social worker). It involved care coordination, home visiting, and IP case conferences, supported by a web-based application. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to explore the feasibility of implementing the intervention. A prospective one-group pretest/posttest was used to evaluate the effects of the intervention on health outcomes and use and costs of health services, from baseline to 6 months.Results:Participants had an average of eight comorbid conditions. The intervention was feasible and acceptable to both older adults and providers. From baseline to 6 months, there was no statistically significant difference in health outcomes. However, there was a significant reduction in the total per person use and costs of health services.Conclusions:This study established the feasibility of conducting a larger randomized controlled trial of this intervention.
Targeting the 4-1BB costimulatory molecule through single chain antibodies promotes the human T-cell response
Authors: Bagheri Salman , Safaie Qamsari Elmira , Yousefi Mehdi , Riazi-Rad Farhad , Sharifzadeh Zahra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) using autologous tumor-reactive T lymphocytes has considerable potential for cancer immunotherapy. In ACT, T cells are isolated from cancer patients and then stimulated and expanded in vitro by cytokines and costimulatory molecules. 4-1BB is an important costimulatory protein belonging to the TNF receptor superfamily. It is involved in T-cell survival, proliferation and activation. Agonistic anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibodies have been introduced as appropriate tools for ACT.MethodsHere, various single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies were used to activate T cells isolated from peripheral blood via immune magnetic isolation. The T cells were stimulated with IL-2 and anti-CD-3 mAb and then treated with agonistic anti-4-1BB scFvs. The results showed the remarkable effects of anti-41BB scFvs on the functional properties of T cells, including their activation, proliferation and cytokine production. The flow cytometry analysis revealed a considerable increase in the expression of the T-cell activation marker CD69. Moreover, T-cell proliferation was evidenced in treated cells by CFSE labeling compared to the control groups.ResultAnti-4-1BB scFvs significantly increased IFN-γ and IL-2 mRNA and protein expression in T cells, but exhibited no stimulatory effect on IL-4 expression. These findings show that anti-4-1BB scFvs could evoke a Type I immune response.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that targeting the 4-1BB molecule using agonistic scFvs could be an effective strategy for T-cell stimulation as part of an ACT approach to cancer treatment.
Rule design and status quo evaluation on cross-industrial wastewater emissions trading in China’s typical industrial sectors
Authors: Chen Luyao , Zheng Hongyuan , Yang Haizhen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
China’s industrial wastewater pollution control policy urgently needs to change from government enforcement to market economy incentive, especially in regions with mature market economic conditions and improved legislative basis like Yangtze River Delta. The economic principles of Water Emissions Trading policy are to achieve a win–win situation in which pollution could be controlled meanwhile abatement costs are minimized. Existing regulations lack rules and restrictions for cross-industrial wastewater emission trading, nevertheless not all wastewater from various industrial sectors are suitable for emissions trading with each other. This study attempted to determine tradable levels of wastewater emissions rights within the selected 10 industries based on the similarity of wastewater composition.

Results
The result is presented in a tradable level matrix. It shows that of all industrial wastewater, the most suitable for emissions trading are, respectively, Textile and Paper Production, Manufacture of General Purpose Machinery and Manufacture of Transport, and then Chemistry Production and Pharmaceuticals.

Conclusion
Generally, this paper provides a systematic calculation method according to the similarity analysis to formulate cross-industrial wastewater emissions trading for policy reference. At the end of the article, a rationality analysis of the domestic wastewater emissions trading pilot programs was made. Even though the current wastewater emissions trading situation is not up to expectations, individual enterprises actively achieved emission reductions to play as the supply sides in the wastewater emissions trading under economic incentive from such a policy.
The impact of the anti-diabetic drug metformin on the intestinal microbiome of larval brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario)
Authors: Rogall Eike Thorben , Jacob Stefanie , Triebskorn Rita , Schwartz Thomas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The anti-diabetic pharmaceutical metformin is frequently analysed in the aquatic environment. Its impact on the fish microbiome is studied to get a deeper knowledge about the consequence of the metformin presence in river systems. Gut microbiome analyses were performed on larval brown trout with metformin including environmental concentrations. Therefore, the fish were exposed to metformin in concentrations of 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 µg/L. Especially, the lower metformin concentrations were measured in river waters containing percentages of conditioned wastewater from municipal wastewater treatment plants.

Results
Two complementary molecular biological methods for population analysis targeting the 16S rRNA gene regions V1–V3, i.e.: (1) 16S amplicon sequencing and (2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Both analyses demonstrated significant microbiome alterations even at low metformin concentrations being analysed in German rivers. The amplicon sequencing revealed the most distinct shifts in the Firmicutes phylum, or more specifically, within the Bacillales order, which were most affected by metformin exposure. Within the Bacillales order, the Planococcaceae family, which is described to provide essential amino acids for the fish, completely disappeared after metformin treatment. Conversely, the percentage of other bacteria, such as Staphylococcaceae, increased after exposure to metformin. Similarity profiles of the microbiomes could be generated using the Sørensen index calculation after PCR-DGGE analyses and confirmed shifts in the composition of the brown trout intestinal microbiome after metformin exposures. In vitro gene expression analyses of virulence factors from fish pathogens, previously identified in the fish microbiomes DNA extracts, were conducted in the presence or absence of environmentally relevant concentrations. Here, marker genes of Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Aeromonas hydrophila were detected and quantified via PCR approaches, firstly. An increased expression of the species-specific virulence genes was observed after normalisation with control data and ribosomal housekeeping genes.

Conclusion
Environmentally relevant concentrations of metformin can alter the composition in gut microbiome of brown trout in different ways. Both, the metformin-induced expression of virulence genes in fish pathogens in vitro and the impact of metformin on the microbiome composition in vivo in larval brown trout open the discussion about a possible long-term effect on the vitality, growth, and development in more mature brown trouts.
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α reduces lipid droplets by upregulating neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 in macrophages
Authors: Matsuoka Hiroshi , Tokunaga Riki , Katayama Miyu , Hosoda Yuichiro , Miya Kaoruko , Sumi Kento , Ohishi Ami , Kamishikiryo Jun , Shima Akiho , Michihara Akihiro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 (NCEH1) catalyzes the hydrolysis of cholesterol ester (CE) in macrophages. Genetic ablation of NCEH1 promotes CE-laden macrophages and the development of atherosclerosis in mice. Dysregulation of NCEH1 levels is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple disorders including metabolic diseases and atherosclerosis; however, relatively little is known regarding the mechanisms regulating NCEH1. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α (RORα)-deficient mice exhibit several phenotypes indicative of aberrant lipid metabolism, including dyslipidemia and increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis.

Results
In this study, inhibition of lipid droplet formation by RORα positively regulated NCEH1 expression in macrophages. In mammals, the NCEH1 promoter region was found to harbor putative RORα response elements (ROREs). Electrophoretic mobility shift, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays showed that RORα binds and responds to ROREs in human NCEH1. Moreover, NCEH1 was upregulated through RORα via a phorbol myristate acetate-dependent mechanism during macrophage differentiation from THP1 cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of RORα significantly downregulated NCEH1 expression and accumulated lipid droplets in human hepatoma cells. In contrast, NCEH1 expression and removal of lipid droplets were induced by RORα agonist treatments and RORα overexpression in macrophages.

Conclusion
These data strongly suggested that NCEH1 is a direct RORα target, defining potential new roles for RORα in the inhibition of lipid droplet formation through NCEH1.