bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel brominated N‐alkyl pyrano[3,2‐c]quinolinones
Authors: Hassan Shrouk M. , Morsy Jehan M. , Hassanin Hany M. , Othman Elham S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA novel series of 6‐alkyl‐4‐bromopyrano[3,2‐c]quinoline‐2,5‐diones (2a–c), 6‐alkyl‐3,4‐dibromopyrano[3,2‐c]quinoline‐2,5‐diones (4a–c), and 6‐alkyl‐3‐amino‐bromopyrano[3,2‐c]quinoline‐2,5‐diones (6a–c) were synthesized via appropriate conventional methods and in good yields. The structures of target compounds were approved by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. The antitumor inhibitory activities of the new compounds were evaluated on several cancer cell lines, A‐549 (human lung cancer), HCT‐116 (human colon cancer), MCF‐7 (breast cancer), and HePG‐2 (human liver cancer). Moreover, 50% inhibitory concentrations, IC50, were established. 5‐Fluorouracil was used as a positive control in the viability assay. The screening results showed that most of the examined compounds exposed powerful inhibition activity toward various cell lines. Particularly, Compound 4c exhibited higher cytotoxic activity against four tumor cell lines than the reference drug, 5‐fluorouracil, with significantly lower IC50 values. Accordingly, most of the synthesized compounds would be a better prospective growth in the anticancer drug discovery.
Skull osteology of Vipera walser (Squamata, Viperidae): Description, variability, ontogeny, and diagnostic characters in comparison to other Italian vipers
Authors: Seghetti Simone Matteo , Villa Andrea , Tschopp Emanuel , Bernardini Federico , Laddaga Lorenzo , Fanelli Mauro , Levi Renzo , Delfino Massimo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVipera walser is the most recently recognized European viper. This rare species is endemic to a small area in the Piedmont Alps of Italy, but its closest relatives are found among the Caucasian viper species. In order to provide a starting point for a phylogenetic and biogeographic investigation based on osteology, and including fossils remains, we analyzed four specimens of V. walser and compared them with specimens of the four other Italian viper species. Based on these specimens, we improved the diagnosis of V. walser and provided a first evaluation of intraspecific variability and ontogenetic variation. The skull of V. walser is subject to significant variation, most likely related to ontogeny in some cases (i.e., development of the parietal crest, development of the basioccipital process, shape of the posterior margin of the parabasisphenoid, shape of the quadrate). Based on the studied material, it is possible to distinguish V. walser from the other Italian vipers by the shape of the occipital crest of the supraoccipital, which is posteriorly directed, whereas it is laterally directed in the other species. The osteological diagnosibility provides further support for the validity of V. walser as a distinct species from Vipera berus.
Repeatability of Phase‐Resolved Functional Lung (PREFUL)‐MRI Ventilation and Perfusion Parameters in Healthy Subjects and COPD Patients
Authors: Pöhler Gesa H. , Klimeš Filip , Behrendt Lea , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Gonzalez Cristian Crisosto , Wacker Frank , Hohlfeld Jens M. , Vogel‐Claussen Jens 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundFree‐breathing phase‐resolved functional lung (PREFUL)‐MRI may be useful for treatment monitoring in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with dyspnea. PREFUL test–retest reliability is essential for clinical application.PurposeTo measure the repeatability of PREFUL‐MRI ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q) parameters.Study TypeRetrospective and prospective.PopulationA total of 28 COPD patients and 57 healthy subjects.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T MRI/2D spoiled gradient echo imaging.AssessmentV and Q lung parameter maps based on three coronal slices were obtained at baseline and after 14 days (COPD patients) or after a short pause outside the scanner (healthy subjects). Regional ventilation (RVent) and imaging flow volume loops by cross‐correlation (ccVent) were quantified. Q was normalized to the signal of the main pulmonary artery (QN) and quantified (QQuant). Pulmonary pulse wave transit time (pPTT), voxel‐by‐voxel (regional), and whole lung (global) ventilation defect percentage based on RVent (VDPRVent) and ccVent (VDPccVent), perfusion defect percentage (QDP), and ventilation/perfusion match based on RVent (VQMRVent) and ccVent (VQMccVent) were calculated.Statistical TestsRegional V and Q were analyzed globally for each subject. Each parameter's median of scans 1 and 2 were assessed by Wilcoxon sign rank test. A parameter's repeatability was analyzed by Bland–Altman analyses, coefficients of variation, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and power calculations. The regional voxel repeatability was examined by calculating the Sørensen–Dice coefficient.ResultsThere was no bias and no significant differences between the first and second MRI for any parameters (P > 0.05). Coefficient of variation ranged from 2.26% (ccVent) to 19.31% (QDP), ICC from 0.93 (QDP) to 0.60 (pPTT), the smallest detectable difference was 0.002 ccVent. Regional comparison showed the highest overlap (84%) in VDPRVent in healthy voxels and the lowest (53%) in VDPccVent defect voxels.Data ConclusionV and Q PREFUL‐MRI parameters were repeatable over two scan sessions in both healthy controls and COPD patients.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2
Viral metagenomic identification of a novel anellovirus in blood sample of a child with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Yang Jie , Wang Hao , Zhang Xiaodan , Yang Shixing , Xu Hui , Zhang Wen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHere, using viral metagenomics, a novel anellovirus with strain name HuAV‐zj‐ad1 was detected in blood sample from a child with atopic dermatitis. The complete genome sequence of HuAV‐zj‐ad1 was determined and fully characterized. The circular genome of HuAV‐zj‐ad1 is 2841 nt in length and includes four polyprotein ORFs. Phylogenetic analysis and pairwise sequence comparisons based on the amino acid sequences of ORF1, ORF2, ORF3, ORF4 indicated that HuAV‐zj‐ad1 belonged to a novel species within the genus Betatorquevirus. Polymerase chain reaction screening results showed this anellovirus was not present 50 blood samples from normal children. Whether this novel species of anellovirus has association with a certain disease needs further study.
Sequential in situ Raman spectroscopy for observing dissociation behavior of filled‐ice Ih of methane hydrate at high pressure
Authors: Kadobayashi Hirokazu , Hirai Hisako , Suzuki Keita , Ohfuji Hiroaki , Muraoka Michihiro , Yoshida Suguru , Yamamoto Yoshitaka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn situ Raman spectroscopy was performed to investigate the stability and dissociation behavior of filled‐ice Ih of methane hydrate at high‐pressure (up to 5.1 GPa) and high‐temperature (up to 408 K) using an externally heated diamond anvil cell. The results revealed that filled‐ice Ih was stable up to 383 K at 4.5 GPa, and the dissociation conditions intersected with the melting curve of ice VII at approximately 2.5 GPa and with that of solid methane at approximately 2.2 GPa. Consequently, the dissociation into water and methane components occurred via two different mechanisms depending on pressure: (1) melting into liquid water and fluid methane below approximately 2.5 GPa and (2) solid–solid decomposition into ice VII and solid methane above approximately 2.5 GPa. Visual observations with an optical microscope synchronized with in situ Raman spectroscopy detected considerable changes in the sample in the case of melting, whereas they could not detect any changes in the decomposition case because both decomposition products were solid phases with similar refractive indices. This result demonstrated that the synchronized and sequential Raman spectroscopy with optical observations is indispensable for evaluating the dissociation behavior; otherwise, the solid–solid decomposition is overlooked when the evaluation is performed using a microscope only. The stability field of filled‐ice Ih obtained in the experiment can help infer the states of methane hydrates in the interior of icy bodies such as Saturn's largest moon, Titan.
A capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of the linagliptin enantiomeric impurity
Authors: Mai Xuan‐Lan , Pham Thuy‐Vy , Le Thi‐Anh‐Tuyet , Nguyen Bao‐Tan , Nguyen Ngoc Van Thi , Kang Jong‐Seong , Mar Woongchon , Kim Kyeong Ho 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLinagliptin is a highly specific, long‐acting inhibitor that is used as an orally administrable agent for type‐2 diabetes treatment. Because only the R‐enantiomer is of clinical use, we developed a capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of the enantiomeric impurity of this compound. Carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin was selected as the chiral selector for the separation of linagliptin enantiomers. Design of experiments and desirability functions were used for the analytical optimization, which was focused on understanding and improving the electrophoretic process. The effects of significant parameters (background electrolyte concentration and pH, cyclodextrin concentration, temperature, and voltage) were thoroughly investigated. The complete separation of linagliptin and its enantiomeric impurity with baseline resolution was achieved within 10 min on an uncoated fused‐silica capillary (50 μm inner diameter, 365 μm outer diameter, 64.5/56 cm in total/ effective length) maintained at 25°C, under an applied voltage of 28.0 kV. The background electrolyte contained 70 mM sodium acetate and 4.7 mM carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, and the pH was adjusted to 6.10. The method was validated, and a limit of quantitation of 0.05% for the impurity was estimated.
Recent applications of retention modelling in liquid chromatography
Authors: den Uijl Mimi J. , Schoenmakers Peter J. , Pirok Bob W.J. , van Bommel Maarten R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent applications of retention modelling in liquid chromatography (2015–2020) are comprehensively reviewed. The fundamentals of the field, which date back much longer, are summarized. Retention modeling is used in retention‐mechanism studies, for determining physical parameters, such as lipophilicity, and for various more‐practical purposes, including method development and optimization, method transfer, and stationary‐phase characterization and comparison. The review focusses on the effects of mobile‐phase composition on retention, but other variables and novel models to describe their effects are also considered. The five most‐common models are addressed in detail, i.e. the log‐linear (linear‐solvent‐strength) model, the quadratic model, the log–log (adsorption) model, the mixed‐mode model, and the Neue–Kuss model. Isocratic and gradient‐elution methods are considered for determining model parameters and the evaluation and validation of fitted models is discussed. Strategies in which retention models are applied for developing and optimizing one‐ and two‐dimensional liquid chromatographic separations are discussed. The review culminates in some overall conclusions and several concrete recommendations.
Does Magnetic Resonance Imaging After Diagnostic Ultrasound for Soft Tissue Masses Change Clinical Management?
Authors: Goldman Lauren H. , Perronne Laetitia , Alaia Erin F. , Samim Mohammad M. , Hoda Syed T. , Adler Ronald S. , Burke Christopher J. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether a follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan performed after initial ultrasound (US) to evaluate soft tissue mass (STM) lesions of the musculoskeletal system provides additional radiologic diagnostic information and alters clinical management.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed of patients undergoing initial US evaluations of STMs of the axial or appendicular skeleton between November 2012 and March 2019. Patients who underwent US examinations followed by MRI for the evaluation of STM lesions were identified. For inclusion, the subsequent pathologic correlation was required from either a surgical or image‐guided biopsy. Imaging studies with pathologic correlations were then reviewed by 3 musculoskeletal radiologists, who were blinded to the pathologic diagnoses. The diagnostic utility of MRI was then assessed on the basis of a 5‐point grading scale, and inter‐reader agreements were determined by the Fleiss κ statistic.ResultsNinety‐two patients underwent MRI after US for STM evaluations. Final pathologic results were available in 42 cases. Samples were obtained by surgical excision or open biopsy (n = 34) or US‐guided core biopsy (n = 8). The most common pathologic diagnoses were nerve sheath tumors (n = 9), lipomas (n = 5), and leiomyomas (n = 5). Imaging review showed that the subsequent MRI did not change the working diagnosis in 73% of cases, and the subsequent MRI was not considered to narrow the differential diagnosis in 68% of cases. There was slight inter‐reader agreement for the diagnostic utility of MRI among individual cases (κ = 0.10) between the 3 readers.ConclusionsThe recommendation of MRI to further evaluate STM lesions seen with US frequently fails to change the working diagnosis or provide significant diagnostic utility.
Changes in soil carbon and nitrogen stocks following degradation of alpine grasslands on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Xiang , Wang Zhaoqi , Zheng Kai , Han Chenglong , Li Lanhai , Sheng Haiyan , Ma Zhiwen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUntil now, nearly 90% of alpine grasslands on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) have been degraded. However, there is currently no consensus on how soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN) stocks vary with the degradation succession of alpine grasslands in this region. Here, a meta‐analysis was conducted to quantify the dynamics of SOC and STN stocks in topsoil (0–30 cm) at different degradation stages of alpine grasslands on the QTP. The results showed that grassland degradation led to average losses of 48 and 39% for SOC and STN stocks, respectively. The changes in SOC and STN stocks following grassland degradation did not differ significantly between grassland types, but were significantly affected by grassland degradation stage. The reductions in both SOC and STN stocks increased with the degradation stage, and the highest reductions were all found at extreme degradation stage. The results indicated that the depletion of SOC and STN pools were aggravated with the degradation succession of grassland. The tightly coupled SOC and STN implied that the depletion of SOC stock was closely related to that of STN stock during the process of grassland degradation. Positive relationships were detected between the dynamics of vegetation coverage and that of SOC or STN stock, indicating that vegetation coverage could not only reflect grassland degradation, but might also be a potential indicator of SOC and STN status. The findings suggest that preventing the degradation succession of alpine grasslands is vital to maintain or promote SOC and STN levels on the QTP.
Better than any pill—and no side effects! Healthy lifestyles, statins, and aspirin
Authors: Elwood Peter C. , Longley Marcus , Greene Giles , Morgan Gareth , Watkins John , Pickering Janet , Watkins Angela , Protty Majd , Bayer Antony , Gallacher John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBehaviors which are associated with the preservation of health include nonsmoking, regular exercise, a low body weight, a healthy diet, and a low alcohol intake. Together, as a healthy lifestyle, these have been shown to be associated with marked protection against a wide range of diseases: diabetes, vascular disease, cancer, and dementia. On the other hand, the protection associated with statins and aspirin, the two most commonly used preventive drugs, is limited to vascular disease and, probably for aspirin, cancer.These are not alternative prophylactics and any two, or all three—a healthy lifestyle, a statin, and aspirin—can reasonably be taken together.Only a small proportion of the members of the community follow a healthy lifestyle. Yet a small increase in the uptake of the healthy behaviors throughout the community can be shown to have relatively large effects on the incidence of disease.There is therefore an urgent need for health promotion activities across the whole community to be greatly increased and for new challenging and encouraging strategies to be devised and tested.
Essentially finite generation of valuation rings in terms of classical invariants
Authors: Cutkosky Steven Dale , Novacoski Josnei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe main goal of this paper is to study some properties of an extension of valuations from classical invariants. More specifically, we consider a valued field and an extension ω of ν to a finite extension L of K. Then we study when the valuation ring of ω is essentially finitely generated over the valuation ring of ν. We present a necessary condition in terms of classic invariants of the extension by Hagen Knaf and show that in some particular cases, this condition is also sufficient. We also study when the corresponding extension of graded algebras is finitely generated. For this problem we present an equivalent condition (which is weaker than the one for the finite generation of the valuation rings).
Associations Between Fluctuations in Daytime Sleepiness and Motor and Non‐Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Höglund Arja , Hagell Peter , Broman Jan‐Erik , Pålhagen Sven , Sorjonen Kimmo , Fredrikson Sten , Svenningsson Per 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundNon‐motor fluctuations are a major concern in Parkinson's disease (PD), and they have been categorized into neuropsychiatric, autonomic and sensory fluctuations. However, this categorization does not include sleep and sleep‐related features, and the association between daytime sleepiness and other motor and/or non‐motor fluctuations in PD remains to be elucidated.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between daytime sleepiness and other non‐motor and motor fluctuations in people with PD.MethodsA three‐day home diary recording daytime sleepiness, mood, anxiety, and motor symptoms was used along with the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and 6 days of accelerometer (Parkinson's KinetiGraph™; PKG™) registration to detect motor fluctuations among people with a DaTSCAN verified clinical PD diagnosis (32 men; mean PD duration, 8.2 years). Participants were categorized as motor fluctuators or non‐fluctuators according to the UPDRS part IV and/or the presence of motor and non‐motor fluctuations.ResultsFifty‐two people with PD participated. Daytime sleepiness correlated significantly with motor symptoms, mood and anxiety among those classified as motor fluctuators (n = 28). Motor fluctuators showed stronger correlations between the individual mean level of all diary variables (daytime sleepiness, anxiety, mood and motor symptoms) when compared to the non‐fluctuators (n = 24). Stronger positive within‐individual correlations were found among fluctuators in comparison to non‐fluctuators. In general, PKG data did not correlate with diary data.ConclusionEpisodes of daytime sleepiness, as reported by home diaries, were associated with other self‐reported non‐motor and motor fluctuations, but were not supported by PKG data.
Increasing Contrast Improves Object Perception in Parkinson's Disease with Visual Hallucinations
Authors: Díaz‐Santos Mirella , Monge Zachary A. , Salazar Robert D. , Gilmore Grover C. , Neargarder Sandy , Cronin‐Golomb Alice 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundDeficits in basic vision are associated with visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease. Of particular interest is contrast sensitivity loss in this disorder and its effect on object identification.ObjectivesEvaluate whether increased contrast improves object perception in persons with Parkinson's disease and visual hallucinations, without dementia.MethodsWe assessed 26 individuals with mild to moderate idiopathic Parkinson's disease, half of whom reported one or more episodes of hallucinations/unusual perceptual experiences in the past month, with a letter‐identification task that determined the contrast level required to achieve 80% accuracy. Contrast sensitivity was further assessed with a chart that presented stimuli at multiple spatial frequencies. The groups were closely matched for demographic and clinical characteristics except for experience of hallucinations.ResultsRelative to participants without visual hallucinations, those with hallucinations had poorer spatial frequency contrast sensitivity and required significantly greater contrast to correctly identify the letters on the identification task. Specifically, participants with hallucinations required a mean contrast of 52.8%, whereas participants without hallucinations required 35.0%. When given sufficient contrast, the groups with and without hallucinations were equally accurate in letter identification.ConclusionsCompared to those without hallucinations, individuals with Parkinson's disease and hallucinations without dementia showed poorer contrast sensitivity. Once contrast was individually enhanced, the groups were equally accurate at object identification. These findings suggest the potential of visual perception tests to predict, and perception‐based interventions to reduce, hallucinations in Parkinson's disease.
Nursing‐sensitive indicators for nursing care: A systematic review (1997–2017)
Authors: Oner Beratiye , Zengul Ferhat D. , Oner Nurettin , Ivankova Nataliya V. , Karadag Ayise , Patrician Patricia A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo provide a systematic review of the literature from 1997 to 2017 on nursing‐sensitive indicators.DesignA qualitative design with a deductive approach was used.Data sourcesOriginal and Grey Literature references from Cochrane Library, Medline/PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL, Google Scholar Original and Grey Literature.Review methodsQuality assessment was performed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross‐Sectional Studies.ResultsA total of 3,633 articles were identified, and thirty‐nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The quantitative assessment of investigated relationships in these studies suggests that nursing staffing, mortality, and nosocomial infections were the most frequently reported nursing‐sensitive indicators.ConclusionThis review provides a comprehensive list of nursing‐sensitive indicators, their frequency of use, and the associations between these indicators and various outcome variables. Stakeholders of nursing research may use the findings to streamline the indicator development efforts and standardization of nursing‐sensitive indicators.ImpactThis review provides evidence‐based results that health organizations can benefit from nursing care quality.