bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular and cancer mortality in relation to dietary polychlorinated biphenyls and marine polyunsaturated fatty acids: a nutritional‐toxicological aspect of fish consumption
Authors: Donat‐Vargas C. , Bellavia A. , Berglund M. , Glynn A. , Wolk A. , Åkesson A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundCo‐exposure to environmental contaminants present in fish could mitigate the beneficial effects of fish consumption and possibly explain the lack of association observed for mortality in some geographical regions.ObjectiveTo assess the independent associations of dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and long‐chain omega‐3 fish fatty acids intake with cardiovascular and cancer mortality.MethodsWe used the prospective population‐based Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men comprising 32 952 women and 36 545 men, free from cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes at baseline in 1998. Validated estimates of dietary PCBs and long‐chain omega‐3 fish fatty acids [i.e. eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] intake were obtained via a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Information on death was ascertained through register linkage.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up of 15.5 years, we ascertained 16 776 deaths. We observed for cardiovascular mortality, comparing extreme quintiles in multivariable models mutually adjusted for PCBs and EPA‐DHA, dose‐dependent associations for dietary PCB exposure, hazard ratio (HR) 1.31 (CI 95%: 1.08 to 1.57; P‐trend 0.005) and for dietary EPA‐DHA intake, HR 0.79 (CI 95%: 0.66 to 0.95; P‐trend 0.041). For cancer mortality, no clear associations were discerned.ConclusionThe beneficial effect of fish consumption on the cardiovascular system seems compromised by co‐exposure to PCBs – one likely explanation for the inconsistent associations observed between fish consumption and mortality.
What clinical practice strategies have been shown to decrease incidence rates of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants?
Authors: Howes Alexander , Hilditch Cathie , Keir Amy 
Published: October 2019

AimTo answer the clinical question ‘In infants about to be delivered and admitted to neonatal units, what clinical practice strategies, compared to standard care, have been shown to decrease incidence rates of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH)?’MethodsMEDLINE via Ovid (1943 to 5 January 2018), Embase via Ovid (1974 to 5 January 2018) and the Cochrane Library (5 January 2018) were searched for relevant articles.ResultsA total of 478 articles, after the removal of duplicates, were found and screened by title and abstract. Forty full‐text articles were subsequently reviewed, and 19 were included as relevant to the structured clinical question. An additional article was included based on expert advice.ConclusionThere are various levels of research evidence for clinical practice strategies to decrease the incidence rates of IVH. Higher‐quality evidence suggests that antenatal corticosteroids decrease the rates of IVH, and multiple evidence‐based intervention bundles implemented in the neonatal unit are associated with decreased rates of IVH.
Carbon fixation gene expression in Skeletonema marinoi in nitrogen‐, phosphate‐, silicate‐starvation, and low‐temperature stress exposure
Authors: Liu Qian , Xing Yongze , Li Ying , Wang Hualong , Mi Tiezhu , Zhen Yu , Yu Zhigang 
Published: October 2019

Diatoms are unicellular algae with a set of extraordinary genes, metabolic pathways, and physiological functions acquired by secondary endosymbiosis, especially for their efficient photosynthetic carbon fixation mechanisms, which can be a reason for their successful environmental adaptation and great contribution to primary production. Based on the available genomic information, the expression patterns of carbon fixation genes were analyzed using transcriptomic sequencing and reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) in Skeletonema marinoi. Meanwhile, suitable reference genes applying to specific experimental treatments were selected. In our results, carbon fixation genes were standardized by actin and TATA box‐binding protein‐coding genes in growth phase samples and stress conditions, respectively. It was found that a series of carbon fixation genes, such as the pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK)‐coding gene, had significantly up‐regulated expression in nitrogen‐starvation, phosphate‐starvation, and low‐temperature conditions, but consistently down‐regulated in silicate‐starvation treatment. These carbon fixation genes exhibited variable expression levels in different conditions and will be useful for investigating gene expression mechanisms in S. marinoi and improve our understanding of diatom carbon fixation pathways.
Epiphyll specialization for leaf and forest successional stages in a tropical lowland rainforest
Authors: Mežaka Anna , Bader Maaike Y. , Salazar Allen Noris , Mendieta-Leiva Glenda 
Published: October 2019

AbstractQuestionsThe importance of tropical rainforest gap dynamics in biodiversity maintenance is not fully understood, in particular for taxa other than trees and lianas. We used epiphylls on rainforest leaves to study the importance of leaf‐ and forest‐scale succession in determining biodiversity patterns by characterizing community change with leaf age in gaps and closed‐forest habitats. We asked: (1) Do epiphylls show specialization for leaf and forest successional stages? (2) Can early‐ and late‐successional epiphyllous species be recognized at these two scales? (3) How do epiphyll presence, species richness, and cover change with leaf and forest successional stages?LocationBarro Colorado Island, Panama.MethodData were collected from 420 leaves, in three age groups and at two heights on shrubs in gaps and closed forest. We calculated turnover and nestedness components of dissimilarity to evaluate the importance of species replacement or accumulation during leaf and forest succession. Using generalized linear mixed models we determined what factors explain epiphyll species occurrence, richness and cover.ResultsClosed forest contained more liverwort and lichen specialist species than gaps. Specialist species were identified for older leaves only. Dissimilarity between leaves within age groups was dominated by turnover within and between forest successional stages. Dissimilarity between leaf age groups, at the site level, was dominated by nestedness, i.e., species accumulation. Both in forest and gaps, epiphyll presence and cover increased with leaf age for all taxa except fungi, while species richness increased only for lichens.ConclusionEarly and late forest successional stages both contribute to epiphyll species richness by harboring specialized species. Among leaf successional stages, young leaves contain a mere subset of the species found on older leaves. Epiphyll communities do not follow classic succession, in the sense of changes being driven by species replacement, but are characterized by species accumulation through time.
Decomposition rate and invertebrate colonization of seagrass detritus along a hydrodynamic gradient in a Mediterranean coastal basin: The Stagnone di Marsala (Italy) case study
Authors: Costa Valentina , Mazzola Antonio , Rossi Francesca , Vizzini Salvatrice 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSeagrass leaf litter decomposition is a key component of marine carbon flow driven by both biotic and abiotic factors, including water movement. In this study, we analyse Posidonia oceanica litter decomposition and invertebrate colonization in three sites with different hydrodynamics in a coastal basin. Litterbags were put on the sea bed along a gradient of distance from the open sea, implying a different level of water exchange. Leaf litter mass loss and carbon and nitrogen concentration were analysed, and density and biomass of benthic invertebrates colonizing litterbags were recorded after 3, 7, 14, 47, 101, 152 and 221 days. Results showed that in the most sheltered site, the leaf litter decomposition rate, the invertebrate density and biomass and the detrital carbon release were the lowest. The reduction of the decomposition rates of seagrass leaves in the site characterized by low hydrodynamic forces may promote organic matter burial and carbon stocks, emphasizing the role of coastal basins such as ponds and lagoons as sinks of carbon and the important role of seagrass detritus in the Blue Carbon global balance.
Oxidative DNA damage is concurrently repaired by base excision repair (BER) and apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1)‐initiated nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) in cortical neurons
Authors: Yang J.‐L. , Chen W.‐Y. , Mukda S. , Yang Y.‐R. , Sun S.‐F. , Chen S.‐D. 
Published: October 2019

AimsAccumulating studies have suggested that base excision repair (BER) is the major repair pathway of oxidative DNA damage in neurons, and neurons are deficient in other DNA repair pathways, including nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination repair. However, some studies have demonstrated that neurons could efficiently repair glutamate‐ and menadione‐induced double‐strand breaks (DSBs), suggesting that the DSB repair mechanisms might be implicated in neuronal health. In this study, we hypothesized that BER and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) work together to repair oxidative DNA damage in neurons.MethodsImmunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were employed to examine the colocalization of apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), histone variant 2AX (γH2AX) and phosphorylated p53‐binding protein (53BP1). APE1 inhibitor and shRNA were respectively applied to suppress APE1 activity and protein expression to determine the correlation of APE1 and DSB formation. The neutral comet assay was used to determine and quantitate the formation of DSB.ResultsBoth γH2AX and 53BP1 were upregulated and colocalized with APE1 in the nuclei of rat cortical neurons subjected to menadione‐induced oxidative insults. Phospho53BP1 foci were efficiently abolished, but γH2AX foci persisted following the suppression of APE1 activity. Comet assays demonstrated that the inhibition of APE1 decreased the DSB formation.ConclusionsOur results indicate that APE1 can engage the NHEJ mechanism in the repair of oxidative DNA damage in neurons. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the efficient repair of oxidative DNA damage in neurons despite the high oxidative burden.
Comparison of linear and angular changes assessed in digital dental models and cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Massaro Camila , Losada Carolina , Cevidanes Lucia , Yatabe Marilia , Garib Daniela , Lauris José Roberto Pereira , Ioshida Marcos , Rey Diego , Alvarez Maria Antonia , Benavides Erika , Rios Hector , Aristizabal Juan Fernando , Ruellas Antonio Carlos 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the three‐dimensional (3D) linear displacements and the mesiodistal and buccolingual angulation changes after orthodontic treatment in digital dental models (DDMs) and 3D models derived from cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT).Settings and Sample PopulationDigital dental model and CBCT scans were selected from 24 adults who had undergone orthodontic treatment for mandibular anterior crowding.Material and Methods3D linear displacements and changes in angular measurements (mesiodistal and buccolingual angulation) were assessed in pre‐ and post‐treatment DDM and CBCT images using the software ITK‐snap and 3D SlicerCMF. Intra‐ and inter‐rater agreement of measurements in DDM and CBCT were tested using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). DDM and CBCT measurements were compared using the Wilcoxon test (P < .05), ICC and Bland‐Altman plots.ResultsIntra‐ and inter‐rater agreement varied from good (ICC > 0.75) to excellent (ICC > 0.90) for both DDM and CBCT measurements. Although no significant difference between DDM and CBCT methods was observed for linear measurements of tooth movement, the angular assessments were different for most measurements. The agreement between measurements from both assessments varied from poor to excellent.ConclusionsLongitudinal assessments of tooth movements including 3D linear displacements and mesiodistal and buccolingual angulation are reproducible when using both DDM and CBCT. Changes in angular measurements due to orthodontic treatment are discordant when measured in the digital models (clinical crown) and in the CBCT images (whole tooth).
The severity of reaction after food challenges depends on the indication: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Itazawa Toshiko , Adachi Yuichi , Takahashi Yutaka , Miura Katsushi , Uehara Yumiko , Kameda Makoto , Kitamura Tetsuro , Kuzume Kazuyo , Tezuka Junichiro , Ito Komei , Ebisawa Motohiro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are expanding indications for oral food challenges (OFCs). Although several studies have examined the risk of OFCs, little has been reported on allergic reactions during OFCs depending on the indication. This study assessed the prevalence, severity, and treatment of allergic reactions depending on the indication for OFCs.MethodsWe performed a prospective multicenter study between March 2012 and May 2013. Severity of symptoms elicited by OFCs was classified according to grading of anaphylaxis that ranges from grade 1 (most mild) to grade 5 (most severe).ResultsA total of 5062 cases (median age, 3.8 years; males, 65.2%) were analyzed. Allergic reactions were elicited in 2258 (44.6%) OFCs, of which 991 (43.9%) were classified as grade 1, 736 (32.6%) were classified as grade 2, 340 (15.1%) were classified as grade 3, and 191 (8.5%) were classified as grade 4‐5. Epinephrine was administered in 7.1% (n = 160) of positive OFCs. Among the top three most common food allergens (hen's egg, cow's milk, and wheat), severity differed significantly depending on the indication for OFC, and adjusted standardized residuals indicated that severity of allergic reactions was higher for the indication to assess threshold level for oral immunotherapy. In addition, the prevalence of epinephrine use was highest for the indication to determine safe intake quantity.ConclusionsOur study suggested that prevalence, severity, and treatment of allergic reactions differ depending on the indication for OFC. Further studies are needed to determine differences in risks depending on the indication for OFC.
Developmental changes in urinary coproporphyrin ratio in premature infants
Authors: Nakata Yusei , Okada Hitoshi , Itoh Susumu , Kusaka Takashi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPremature infants have a high concentration of conjugated bilirubin in their blood, although they have a poor glucuronide conjugation of bilirubin. This may be due to developmental changes in the function of adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily C member 2, which is involved in the cellular export of conjugated bilirubin. In the present study, we examined the developmental changes in the urinary coproporphyrin I/(urinary coproporphyrin I+ urinary coproporphyrin III) ratio (UCP (I/ [I + III])), a known biomarker for adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily C member 2 function, in premature infants.MethodTwenty‐one premature infants born between 25 and 32 weeks of gestation were included in the study. Urine samples were collected within 24 h of birth, and at 1 week and 3–4 weeks after birth. The samples were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography to calculate UCP (I/ [I + III]) to examine its association with postnatal age and corrected gestational age. Subjects were excluded if they had liver dysfunction, cholestasis, urinary tract infection, or chromosomal abnormalities.ResultsThe average UCP (I/ [I + III]) within 24 h of birth, at 1 week, and at 3–4 weeks after birth was 0.84, 0.61, and 0.65, respectively. The UCP (I/ [I + III]) within 24 h of birth was significantly higher than that measured at 1 week or 3–4 weeks after birth. There was no significant correlation between UCP (I/ [I + III]) and the corrected gestational age.ConclusionThe UCP (I/ [I + III]) was higher within 24 h of birth. It decreased 1 week after birth and remained low without any significant changes for up to 4 weeks after birth.
Complications of herpes zoster in children
Authors: Kanamori Keita , Shoji Kensuke , Kinoshita Noriko , Ishiguro Akira , Miyairi Isao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundHerpes zoster (HZ) may cause complications; however, information regarding complications of HZ in children is relatively sparse. We reviewed cases of HZ in children retrospectively and investigated the risk factors contributing to the development of complications.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care children’s hospital in Japan. Children receiving a diagnosis of HZ between January 2010 and October 2016 were identified from electronic medical records. In this study, the following diseases were recognized as complications of HZ: bacterial skin infection, facial paralysis, meningitis, uveitis and keratitis, postherpetic neuralgia, acute retinal necrosis, pneumonia, and otitis interna. Details regarding clinical information of HZ patients with complications were described.ResultsWe found 138 cases with HZ. Among these, 58 (42%) occurred in immunocompetent children and 80 cases (58%) occurred in immunocompromised children. Complications were observed in 10 cases of immunocompromised children and in eight cases of immunocompetent children. Although secondary bacterial skin infection was the most common complication (n = 6, 33.3%), severe complications such as facial paralysis (n = 3, 16.7%), meningitis (n = 2, 11.1%), uveitis and keratitis (n= 2, 11.1%), acute retinal necrosis (n = 1, 5.6%), pneumonia (n = 1, 5.6%), and otitis interna (n = 1, 5.6%) were observed. Patients with complications tended to have a rash on the head or neck, compared with those without complications (n = 9, 50% vs n = 18, 15%; P = 0.001).ConclusionsSevere HZ complications may occur in immunocompetent children. Development of a rash on the head or neck might be a risk factor for complications.
Drought‐inducible changes in the histone modification H3K9ac are associated with drought‐responsive gene expression in Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Song J. , Henry H. , Tian L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

H3K9ac, an epigenetic marker, is widely distributed in plant genomes. H3K9ac enhances gene expression, which is highly conserved in eukaryotes. However, genome‐wide studies of H3K9ac in monocot species are limited, and the changes in H3K9ac under drought stress for individual genes are still not clear.

We analysed changes in the H3K9ac level of Brachypodium distachyon under 20% PEG‐6000‐simulated drought stress conditions. We also performed chromatin immunoprecipitation, followed by next generation sequencing (ChIP‐seq) on H3K9ac to reveal changes in H3K9ac for individual genes at the genome‐wide level.

Our study showed that H3K9ac was mainly enriched in gene exon regions. Drought increased or decreased the H3K9ac level at specific genomic loci. We identified 40 genes associated with increased H3K9ac levels and 36 genes associated with decreased H3K9ac levels under drought stress. Further, RT‐qPCR analyses showed that H3K9ac was positively associated with gene expression of those drought‐responsive genes.

We conclude that H3K9ac enhances the expression level of a large number of drought‐responsive genes under drought stress in B. distachyon. The data presented here will help to reveal the correlation of some specific drought‐responsive genes and their enriched H3K9ac levels in the model plant B. distachyon.
Making sense of social pretense: The effect of the dyad, sex, and language ability in a large observational study of children’s behaviors in a social pretend play context
Authors: Gibson Jenny Louise , Fink Elian , Torres Pablo E. , Browne Wendy V. , Mareva Silvana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPretend play with peers is purportedly an important driver of social development in the preschool period; however, fundamental questions regarding the features of children's pretend play with a peer, and the effect of the dyad for pretend play, have been overlooked. The current study undertook detailed behavioral coding of social pretend play in 134 pairs of 5‐year‐old children (54% boys) in order to address three main aims: (a) describe the duration and proportion of children engaging in key social pretend play behaviors, namely calls for attention, negotiation (comprising role assignment and joint proposals) and enactment of pretend play, (b) examine the effect of the dyad in influencing the occurrence of different social pretend play behaviors, and (c) assess the independent and combined effect of individual child characteristics (i.e., language ability and sex) that may influence social pretend play behaviors beyond the influence of the dyad. Results demonstrated the overwhelming effect of the dyad in shaping children's social pretend play behaviors, with language ability and sex explaining relatively little of the total variability in play behaviors. Results are discussed considering the contribution that this type of study can make to theories of associations between children's social development and social pretend play.
In vivo determination of the skin surface topography and biophysical properties of human hands: Effects of sex and hand dominance
Authors: Enright Kaitlyn M. , Nikolis Andreas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of hand dominance on the skin topography and parameters associated with skin health and aging is unknown.MethodsHealthy adult volunteers were recruited. The following four strata were enrolled: Group 1: male, right handed; Group 2: male, left handed; Group 3: female, right handed; and Group 4: female, left handed. The differences between groups on their surface evaluation of living skin (SELS) parameters were evaluated. These variables included (a) roughness (SER); (b) smoothness (SESM); (c) scaliness (SESC); and (d) wrinkles (SEW).ResultsA total of twenty subjects were recruited, with five in each stratum. Significant differences between groups were found for SESC [F(7,31) = 2.742, P = .024, partial eta squared = 0.382] and SEW [F(7,31) = 3.705, P = .005, partial eta squared = 0.456]. An evaluation of the descriptive statistics revealed that males had a higher mean SESC value than females and a lower mean SEW value. Moreover, the dominant hand of both sexes had a higher mean SEW value than non‐dominant hands.ConclusionsGiven the evidence of sex and handedness differences in wrinkle genesis and desquamation severity, these factors should be considered in the dermatological treatment and counseling of patients.
A plutonic brother from another magma mother: Disproving the Eocene Foraker‐McGonagall pluton piercing point and implications for long‐term slip on the Denali Fault
Authors: Regan Sean P. , Benowitz Jeffrey A. , Holland Mark E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Denali Fault is an active strike‐slip fault system responsible for the highest topography in North America, yet there are conflicting constraints on the fault's Cenozoic slip history. The long‐term slip rate constraint of the eastern Denali Fault is ~400 km since 57 Ma. In apparent conflict, the long‐term slip rate of the western Denali Fault is 38 km since 38 Ma based on the reconstruction of the Foraker and McGonagall plutons. Tests of the genetic relationship of the plutons with bulk rock geochemical and paired U‐Pb and Hf zircon analysis suggest a disparate origin. The McGonagall pluton, despite having a lower SiO2, has lower εHf values inconsistent with chemical and isotopic variations between the two being the result of contamination. The Denali Fault is a highly strain partitioned system, but the amount of Cenozoic slip dispersed east to west is likely significantly less than the previous ~360 km constraint.