bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing International Approaches to Weaning Children From Tube Feeding: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lively Emily J. , McAllister Sue , Doeltgen Sebastian H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractApproaches to tube weaning enterally fed children and evaluating outcomes vary widely. This limits the utility of research for identifying both “what works” and successful implementation of research outcomes. We used a qualitative scoping review methodology to examine internationally published research. Our primary aim was to identify the main philosophies underpinning intervention design and the main outcome variables used to demonstrate success of existing programs. This information can be used to inform future research design and clinical practice. Literature up until June 2019 was sourced via Medline, Scopus, Ovid, and CINHAL databases; hand searching; and gray literature using Google Advanced Search. Three predominant approaches to tube‐weaning interventions were identified: behavioral, child‐ and family‐centered, and biomedical. A wide range of intervention variables were identified, with the level of parental involvement and the use of hunger provocation varying between approaches. Our Review also confirms that there is no consistency in outcome measures used, limiting comparability between programs. We suggest that the role of parents in the weaning process and its impact on both the child and the parent/carer while transitioning from enteral to oral eating are insufficiently understood. We discuss these findings in the context of a suggested framework for future research.
Theoretical study on the hydrogen abstraction reactions from hydrazine derivatives by H atom
Authors: Kanno Nozomu , Kito Tomohiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe hydrogen abstraction reactions from hydrazine and its methyl derivatives by the H atom have been investigated theoretically by using CBS‐QB3//DSD‐BLYP‐D3(BJ)/Def2‐TZVP quantum chemical calculations and transition state theory calculations coupled with various tunneling correction methods. Both the products and transition state energies of the hydrogen abstraction from the amino group were stabilized by the methyl group substitution. The substitution effect on the αN site was two times larger than that on the βN site. On the other hand, the substitution effect was negligible on the hydrogen abstraction from the methyl group. The overall rate coefficients of N2H4 + H reaction calculated by canonical variational transition state theory with the small‐curvature tunneling correction agreed well with previously reported values, but those of CH3NHNH2/(CH3)2NNH2 + H were slightly lower than a previous experimental value. The product‐specific rate coefficients have been proposed for the kinetics modeling of these fuels’ combustion.
On melodic contour and number preferences: The effects of musical melody on the processing of numerical information
Authors: Coulter Keith , Suri Rajneesh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we utilize three exploratory studies to examine the effects of musical melody on accompanying numerical information used in an advertisement. We find that when melody (i.e., in the form of melodic “contour”) corresponds to—or is congruent with—the numerical information in an ad, consumers will have greater recall and more favorable predispositions toward that information. These favorable predispositions, in turn, may impact such downstream variables such as purchase intentions. We posit that “contour” effects occur because individuals process the scalar steps between musical notes in a manner similar to the way they process the differences between numbers in common numerical stimuli such as customer service numbers, prices, purchase amounts, and so forth. This expectation implies that there is cognitive consistency in terms of the spatial representation of number and the spatial depiction of pitch. Thus the latter may impact the former by facilitating ease of processing, thereby leading to a number familiarity effect.
Recessively‐Inherited Adult‐Onset Alexander Disease Caused by a Homozygous Mutation in the GFAP Gene
Authors: Fu Mu‐Hui , Chang Yung‐Yee , Lin Ni‐Hsuan , Yang Ai‐Wen , Chang Chiung‐Chih , Liu Jia‐Shou , Peng Cheng‐Huei , Wu Kay, L.H. , Perng Ming‐Der , Lan Min‐Yu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlexander disease (AxD) is an autosomal‐dominant leukodystrophy caused by heterozygous mutations in the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene.ObjectivesThe objective of this report is to characterize the clinical phenotype and identify the genetic mutation associated with adult‐onset AxD.MethodsA man presented with progressive unsteadiness since age 16. Magnetic resonance imaging findings revealed characteristic features of AxD. The GFAP gene was screened, and a candidate variant was functionally tested to evaluate causality.ResultsA homozygous c.197G > A (p.Arg66Gln) mutation was found in the proband, and his asymptomatic parents were heterozygous for the same mutation. This mutation affected GFAP solubility and promoted filament aggregation. The presence of the wild‐type protein rescued mutational effects, consistent with the recessive nature of this mutation.ConclusionsThis study is the first report of AxD caused by a homozygous mutation in GFAP. The clinical implication is while examining patients with characteristic features on suspicion of AxD, GFAP screening is recommended even without a supportive family history. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
In Celiac Disease Patients the In Vivo Challenge with the Diploid Triticum monococcum Elicits a Reduced Immune Response Compared to Hexaploid Wheat
Authors: Picascia Stefania , Camarca Alessandra , Malamisura Monica , Mandile Roberta , Galatola Martina , Cielo Donatella , Gazza Laura , Mamone Gianfranco , Auricchio Salvatore , Troncone Riccardo , Greco Luigi , Auricchio Renata , Gianfrani Carmen 
Published: May 2020

ScopeGluten from the diploid wheat Triticum monococcum (TM) has low content of immunostimulatory sequences and a high gastro‐intestinal digestibility. Gluten‐reactive T cells elicited by diploid and hexaploid (Triticum aestivum‐TA) wheat in celiac disease (CD) patients upon a brief oral challenge are analyzed.Methods and resultsSeventeen patients with CD (median age 13 years) consumed for 3 days sandwiches made with TM (cultivar Norberto‐ID331, N=11), or TA (cultivar Sagittario, N=11) flours, corresponding to 12 gr of gluten/die. Immunostimulatory properties are assessed in blood by measuring the IFN‐γ‐secreting T cells by EliSpot and the expression of inflammatory cytokines/receptors (IL‐12A, IL‐15, IL‐18RAP, IFN‐γ) by qPCR. TA mobilizes a remarkable number of gliadin‐specific, IFN‐γ‐secreting T cells (p<0.05), while no significant cell mobilization is induced by TM (p=ns). Similar results are obtained in response to five immunogenic peptides from α‐, ω‐, and γ‐gliadins, although with a large individual variability. An increased mRNA expression for IL‐12A and IFN‐γ is detected in the group eating TA compared to those consuming TM (p<0.05).ConclusionsAlthough T. monococcum is a cereal not suitable for the diet of celiacs, this diploid wheat elicits a reduced in vivo T‐cell response compared to T. aestivum in celiac patients.
Design and packaging of dual‐band and dual‐polarized planar antenna for automotive applications
Authors: Agrawal Niraj , Gautam Anil Kumar , Mishra Rajesh , Pandey Vijay 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a CPW‐fed novel structure of dual‐band and dual‐polarized planar antenna consisting of protrudent‐shaped radiator and spiral‐ and cross‐shaped strips loaded ground plane for GPS L1 and SDARS band applications. The right hand circular polarization at GPS L1 and left‐hand circular polarization at SDARS bands were excited by attaching cross‐ and spiral‐shaped strips to the ground plane. The total volume of the presented structure is only 67.5 × 65.5 × 1.6 mm3, rendering it very useful for surveying and geo‐informatics applications. The proposed antenna displays the center frequencies at 1.57542 GHz (BW of 429 MHz from 1.420‐1.849 GHz) with 3‐dB RHCP axial ratio bandwidth of 51 MHz and at 2.3325 GHz (BW of 1900 MHz from 2.130‐4.030 GHz) with 3‐dB LHCP axial ratio bandwidth of 175 MHz. Experimental results confirmed that the proposed structure successfully operates at two separate bands with independent polarization that is, RHCP at GPS L1 band and LHCP at SDARS band. The antenna performance were also tested and found to be satisfactory in practical scenario by installing it at the automobile's roof and also by changing dielectric constant of the housing material.
LPS‐mediated release of ATP from urothelial cells occurs by lysosomal exocytosis
Authors: Silberfeld Andrew , Chavez Brittany , Obidike Chinonso , Daugherty Stephanie , de Groat William C. , Beckel Jonathan M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile numerous studies have confirmed ATP's importance in bladder physiology/pathophysiology, the literature is still conflicted regarding the mechanism of ATP release from the urothelium. Multiple mechanisms have been identified including non‐vesicular release via pannexin channels as well as vesicular release via a mechanism blocked by botulinum toxin. Recently, it has been shown that lysosomes contain significant stores of ATP which can be released extracellularly in response to Toll‐like receptor (TLR) stimulation.ObjectiveThe goal of the current study was to determine if lysosomal exocytosis occurs in urothelial cells in response to TLR4 stimulation by its agonist, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Materials and MethodsHuman urothelial cells from an immortalized cell line (TRT‐HU1) were treated with bacterial LPS (100 μg/ml) or the nicotinic agoinist cytisine (100 μM) and extracellular release of ATP and lysosomal acid phosphatase were measured. Pannexin‐mediated ATP release and lysosomal ATP release were differentiated using Brilliant Blue FCF to inhibit pannexin channels and glycyl‐l‐phenylalanine‐β‐naphthylamide (GPN) to destroy lysosomes. The mechanisms controlling lysosomal exocytosis were examined using lysosomal pH measurements using LysoSensor dye and intracellular calcium signaling using Fura‐2.ResultsStimulation of TRT‐HU1 cells with LPS significantly increased ATP release, which was inhibited by GPN, but not by Brilliant Blue FCF. Conversely, stimulation with cytisine induced ATP release that was sensitive to Brilliant Blue FCF but not GPN. LPS stimulation also induced the release of the lysosomal acid phosphatases. LPS increased lysosomal pH and direct alkalization of lysosomal pH using chloroquine or bafilomycin A1 induced ATP and acid phosphatase release, indicating an important role for pH in lysosomal exocytosis. Additionally, stimulation of lysosomal transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 calcium channels evoked intracellular calcium transients as well as ATP release.ConclusionThese data indicate that LPS‐induced ATP release from urothelial cells is mediated by lysosomal exocytosis, a vesicular mechanism distinctly separate from non‐vesicular release via pannexin channels.
Charged Tags for the Identification of Oxidative Drug Metabolites Based on Electrochemistry and Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Gutmann Alexandra , Wesenberg Lars Julian , Peez Nadine , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Hoffmann Thorsten 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMost of the active pharmaceutical ingredients like Metoprolol are oxidatively metabolized by liver enzymes, such as Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases into oxygenates and therefore hydrophilic products. It is of utmost importance to identify the metabolites and to gain knowledge on their toxic impacts. By using electrochemistry, it is possible to mimic enzymatic transformations and to identify metabolic hot spots. By introducing charged‐tags into the intermediate, it is possible to detect and isolate metabolic products. The identification and synthesis of initially oxidized metabolites are important to understand possible toxic activities. The gained knowledge about the metabolism will simplify interpretation and predictions of metabolitic pathways. The oxidized products were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization (HPLC‐ESI‐MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. For proof‐of‐principle, we present a synthesis of one pyridinated main oxidation product of Metoprolol.
Environmental aesthetics: A synthetic review
Authors: Brady Emily , Prior Jonathan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe main aim of the article is to provide up‐to‐date knowledge of environmental aesthetics for an interdisciplinary audience, and to signal the importance of research in this area for studying people–nature relationships.Environmental aesthetics has emerged in the last 50 years from the philosophical fields of aesthetics and environmental philosophy. Other disciplinary perspectives have also shaped environmental aesthetics, including landscape architecture, human geography, restoration ecology and empirical studies on landscape preferences in developmental and environmental psychology.This review and synthesis mainly addresses the theoretical approaches and concepts that provide a framework to the key debates in the field, but also considers how empirical approaches have shaped recent developments, and how conceptual issues arise with respect to empirical cases.We outline the background and context of environmental aesthetics, its key concepts, and provide a critical review of contemporary theories in the field. We then consider how aesthetics features in issues pertaining to the conservation, preservation, and restoration of nature.Finally, we identify some new directions for environmental aesthetics scholarship that can productively contribute to ongoing debates regarding various relationships between people and nature.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Observation of Undamped 3D Brownian Motion of Nanoparticles Using Liquid‐Cell Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Welling Tom A. J. , Sadighikia Sina , Watanabe Kanako , Grau‐Carbonell Albert , Bransen Maarten , Nagao Daisuke , van Blaaderen Alfons , van Huis Marijn A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn theory, liquid‐cell (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (LC(S)TEM) is the ideal method to measure 3D diffusion of nanoparticles (NPs) on a single particle level, beyond the capabilities of optical methods. However, particle diffusion experiments have been especially hard to explain in LC(S)TEM as the observed motion thus far has been slower than theoretical predictions by 3–8 orders of magnitude due to electron beam effects. Here, direct experimental evidence of undamped diffusion for two systems is shown; charge‐neutral 77 nm gold nanoparticles in glycerol and negatively charged 350 nm titania particles in glycerol carbonate. The high viscosities of the used media and a low electron dose rate allow observation of Brownian motion that is not significantly altered by the electron beam. The resulting diffusion coefficient agrees excellently with a theoretical value assuming free diffusion. It is confirmed that the particles are also moving in the direction parallel to the electron beam by simulating STEM images using Monte Carlo simulations. Simulations and experiments show blurring of the particles when these move out of focus. These results make clear that direct observation of 3D diffusion of NPs is possible, which is of critical importance for the study of interparticle interactions or in situ colloidal self‐assembly using LC(S)TEM.
Substrate‐Modulated Electromagnetic Resonances in Colloidal Cu2O Nanospheres
Authors: Li Nannan , Wang Hao , Lai Yunhe , Chen Huanjun , Wang Jianfang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDielectric nanoparticles are expected to complement or even replace plasmonic nanoparticles in many optical and optoelectronic applications, because they exhibit small absorption losses and support strong electric and magnetic resonances simultaneously. Dielectric nanoparticles need to be deposited on various substrates in many applications. Understanding the substrate effect on the electromagnetic resonances of dielectric nanoparticles is of great importance for engineering their resonance properties and designing optical devices. In this study, moderate‐refractive‐index cuprous oxide nanospheres with uniform sizes and shapes are synthesized. The scattering spectra and images of the nanospheres deposited on three types of substrates are analyzed experimentally and theoretically. When supported on indium tin oxide–coated glass slides and Si wafers, the color of the nanospheres varies from blue, cyan, green, yellow, orange and red, covering almost the entire visible region. When deposited on gold films, the electromagnetic resonances of the nanospheres redshift intensively and a new effective magnetic resonance mode appears. The enhanced Raman scattering reveals that large electromagnetic field enhancements are produced in the gap region between the nanosphere and the substrate. The results shed light on the manipulation of the electromagnetic responses of dielectric nanoparticles and the design of dielectric metamaterials in the presence of various substrates.
Estimands and inference incluster‐randomizedvaccine trials
Authors: Kilpatrick Kayla W. , Hudgens Michael G. , Halloran M. Elizabeth 
Published: May 2020

SummaryCluster‐randomized trials are often conducted to assess vaccine effects. Defining estimands of interest before conducting a trial is integral to the alignment between a study's objectives and the data to be collected and analyzed. This paper considers estimands and estimators for overall, indirect, and total vaccine effects in trials, where clusters of individuals are randomized to vaccine or control. The scenario is considered where individuals self‐select whether to participate in the trial, and the outcome of interest is measured on all individuals in each cluster. Unlike the overall, indirect, and total effects, the direct effect of vaccination is shown in general not to be estimable without further assumptions, such as no unmeasured confounding. An illustrative example motivated by a cluster‐randomized typhoid vaccine trial is provided.
An approximate semi‐analytical model of sediment and nutrient transport on slopes under rainfall conditions
Authors: Shao Fanfan , Wu Junhu , Li Yibo , Ren Min 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnder natural rainfall, the surface runoff erosion of sloping farmland tends to remove large quantities of soil particles and constitutes nonpoint source pollution. The existing sediment and nutrient loss models focus on estimating the total amount of pollutants in the long term. The Existing mathematical models that describe the nutrient loss process on slopes have some shortcomings, which have not accounted for the effect of infiltration on nutrient concentrations in the exchange layer before runoff starts. Here, an approximate semianalytical model of sediment yield and nutrient loss was based on surface runoff processes. Simulated rainfall experiments were performed to calibrate the model's parameters and verify its reliability. The established model incorporated raindrop splashing, diffusion, and water infiltration effects on nutrient transfer in the exchange layer. Raindrop splashing played a leading role in nutrient translocation from the exchange layer to runoff. The simulated runoff, sediment, and nutrient matched their measured values reasonably well (R2 > 0.8; Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency > 0.347). The model's sediment yield items were more sensitive to runoff erosion than splash erosion. The raindrop‐induced water transfer rate in the nutrient loss simulation dramatically affected the peak nutrient loss rates, whereas the depth of the exchange layer clearly affected the overall range of change in nutrient loss rate and boosted the total nutrient loss. Therefore, measures such as vegetation coverage or deep fertilization should be adopted to weaken raindrops’ kinetic energy and reduce nutrient concentrations in the exchange layer to prevent agricultural nonpoint source pollution in the Loess Plateau.
Research on application of variable coding modulation system based on Digital Video Broadcasting ‐ Satellite ‐ 2nd Generation in data transmission of near‐earth remote sensing satellite
Authors: Zhang Shasha , Cao Haiyi , Zhang Xinwei , Yao Xinyu , Zhao Chenguang 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIn order to make full use of the link resources for data transmission from near‐earth remote sensing satellites, variable coding modulation (VCM) system is used to fully utilize the system link margin to improve the satellite data transmission performance. By analyzing the dynamic link under the VCM data transmission system, the contribution of the VCM system to the satellite data link optimization is studied from the perspective of engineering application, which can provide reference for the data link design of remote sensing satellites. Applying the flow design, for the currently adopted transmission system of X band, compared with traditional constant coding modulation (CCM) system, the average link performance of VCM system can be increased by 42.1% in single‐station transmission mode and 53.3% in dual‐station relay mode through the exampled analysis.
Hydrothermal Assisted Synthesis of ZnFe2O4 Embedded g‐C3N4 Nanocomposite with Enhanced Charge Transfer Ability for Effective Removal of Nitrobenzene and Cr(VI)
Authors: Shanavas Shajahan , Ahamad Tansir , Alshehri Saad M. , Acevedo Roberto , Munusamy Anbarasan Ponnusamy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA novel hybrid nanocomposite of g‐C3N4/ZnFe2O4 was successfully prepared by a facile hydrothermal method followed by an annealing process. The obtain hybrid catalyst was systematically characterized by XRD, TEM, HRTEM, FT‐IR, UV‐DRS and XPS analysis in order to study the structural, morphological, optical properties and chemical states. The cubic phase ZnFe2O4 crystalline structure and spherical morphology with sizes in the range of 30–35 nm were adequately anchored on the g‐C3N4 sheets. The HR‐TEM image suggests the successful embedment of ZnFe2O4 nanostructures on g‐C3N4 sheets. The photocatalytic activity of the catalyst was investigated using nitrobenzene (NB) and Cr (VI) under visible light. The improved activity of ZnFe2O4/ g‐C3N4 is due to the synergetic effect of superior visible‐light utilization and effective charge carrier separation between g‐C3N4 and ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. Hence, this heterostructure could be used as a favorable applicant for environmental remediation application for the removal of organic pollutants and metal ions in practical application.
Recent Advances in Microwave Assisted Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Fairoosa Jaleel , Saranya Salim , Radhika Sankaran , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicrowave (MW) assisted multicomponent reactions (MCRs) provide facile and expeditious procedures for the synthesis of several diversely functionalised molecules. Significant enhancement in selectivity, purity and reproducibility is offered by this process. Shorter reaction times as well as higher product yield are attained efficiently using MW assisted MCRs. The present review focuses on the developments in this field covering literature from 2013–2019 and the topic is categorised based on the final products obtained.