bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculation of dynamic processes in relay systems of automatic control based on graph models
Authors: Ubaydulayeva Sh , Gazieva R , Nigmatov A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article discusses the construction of a graph model of a relay system of automatic control. Based on the graph model, relations are derived for calculating transients in a relay system. To describe and analyse relay systems of automatic control, a specific feature of the relay element is used, consisting in the fact that its output value can take only certain constant values. The maximum possible set of structural states for relay elements is three. Accordingly, the relay element introduces a structure discretization effect into the system. This feature makes it possible to study relay systems with relatively simple means and makes it possible to develop methods for their calculation to a certain extent similar to methods for calculating linear systems. In developing the graph method for the description and analysis of relay automatic systems, this position was primarily taken as a basis. This method can be successfully used in any of the typical relay elements are included in the system. A two-dimensional relay system is considered as an example. Based on the graph model, the output coordinates of the system are calculated and their graphs are constructed.
Development chopper device that chops baled rough fodders
Authors: Gapparov Sh , Karshiev F 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Livestock in Uzbekistan is one of the main sectors of agriculture and it is based on family livestock farms. In family farms, animals are fed with rough fodder, including corn stalks, alfalfa hay, camel-thorn, and pressed straw. However, households, due to the lack of small shredders, provide compressed feed to animals without chopping. As a result, 25-30% of the feed goes to waste, and losses increase. Therefore, a small installation was developed for chopping compressed coarse feeds and mixing them with concentrated feeds, and its chopping apparatus and type of knives were experimentally investigated. The density of stalks of alfalfa, corn, camel thorns, and wheat straw was 81.9 kg/m3; 81.3 kg/m3; 82.5 3 kg/m3 and 78.4 kg/m3 and their main part 76.2-94.4% were stems, and the rest of the leaves, branches, and panicles. When the rotor speed increased from 1200 to 1350 rpm, the stems are chopped qualitatively, i.e. fully comply with the original requirements. At the same time, the splitting of the stems is 83.5 - 94.0%, which also corresponds to the initial requirements. Depending on the type of knives, the cutting fraction with a length of 30-50 mm is 68.6-82.0%, the fractions with a length of more than 50 mm - 3.3-26.3%, and the fractions with a length of less than 30 mm - 5.1-14.7%. The splitting of the stems varies from 78.9% to 94.7%.
Justification of machine parameters for ridge forming with simultaneous application of fertilizers
Authors: Mamatov F , Mirzaev B , Batirov Z , Toshtemirov S , Tursunov O , Bobojonov L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The technologies used to prepare the soil for sowing cotton seeds in Uzbekistan have a number of significant drawbacks. Therefore, reducing labour and energy costs, as well as saving resources when cultivating crops based on advanced technologies and developing high-performance agricultural machines is of current interest. The aim of this study is to substantiate the machine parameters for forming ridges in the cotton fields with a simultaneous application of fertilizers. New technology has been developed for the formation of ridges with a simultaneous application of fertilizer in the fields with harvested cotton stalks, which loosens the soil in the middle of existing furrows of the cotton-plant, loosening the existing ridge with simultaneous application of fertilizers and forming new ridges in their place in one pass. An improved chisel – cultivator – fertilizer with ridge – forming agents were developed to implement the proposed technology. It has been established that the formation of a high – quality ridge is ensured with local fertilizer application along with a sowing line of a required degree with the following relative positions of the machine’s working bodies: a minimum longitudinal distance from the cultivator to the support wheel is 20 cm, a minimum longitudinal distance of the ridge former to the cultivator coulter is 31.3 cm, the distance between adjacent rippers 60 or 90 cm, the transverse distance from the cultivator to the support wheel is 30 or 45 cm.
Effect parameters of vertically spindle cotton picker machines on the mechanical damage of cotton seeds during machine harvesting
Authors: Rizaev A , Yuldashev A , Kuldoshev D , Ashurov N 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe article describes the influence of factors as a suction and injection method of transporting raw cotton from a harvesting machine to the mechanical damage of cotton seeds. The influence of the rotation speed and design of the fan impeller, as well as the width of the working slit of the harvesting apparatus on the formation of an undesirable defect, that is, mechanical damage to cotton seeds are examined. Recommendations are proposed to reduce the mechanical damage to cotton seeds.Rotating the spindle together with the drum, the cotton is transported to the pick-up area, where due to the spindle reversal due to the epicycle mechanism of its drive, the bulk of the cotton is inertia (up to 75-80%) discharged from the spindle surface, and part of the cotton windings is removed by brush pullers rotating in the same direction ( while the linear speed of the brushes is 4 times greater than the peripheral speed of the spindle) and under the action of centrifugal force, the cotton from the surface of the puller is dumped into the slotted receiving chamber of the harvester apparatus.
Checking the reliability of biogas installations by stimulation models of markov processes on faults tree
Authors: Mamadalieva Z , Imomova N , Shodiev E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article describes the evaluation of biogas plants’ reliability using Markov processes stimulation models and faults tree methodic. Human factors and climatic circumstances are important in the main factors of biogas plants reliability but weren’t explored up to now in cause of its peculiarity and intricacy of exposition. Described methodic is a novelty in biogas technologies exploration, especially in Uzbekistan where there are issues of biogas implementation.
Efficiency of irrigated land meliorativity through the usage of fixing softening disk device to base leveler
Authors: Khasanov I , Kuchkarov J , Nuriddinov H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article highlights the experiments on the study of the technological process of workman’s softening disks, the shape of a drawing prism, changes in hardness, volumetric weight, soil aggregate composition, field surface alignment and change in traction resistance of the unit at different speeds of its movement. The results of the above research and experiments have shown that the disk space scattering of irrigated land areas, along with improving land reclamation, has the following advantages:
• Water wasting cannot exceed 2 … 2.5 times;
• Stingless fever exceeds 4 times;
• Irrigated lands are stored on the surface of the premises;
• Determination of soil fertility, non-extraction of soil fertilizers and their extinction;
• Qualitative processing of the series is ensured;
• Provides high quality and high speed of all agrotechnical arrangements;
• The crops are more productive;
• Construction of the mechanic;
In summary, we can say that the above points and analyses show that the qualitative levelling of land in improving land reclamation is of utmost importance.
Deflection of the dynamic axes of flow contracted by combined dam with tetrahedron through-flow part
Authors: Shukurova S , Khalimbetov A , Xayitov X 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The design of the track to control river channel directing flow to water intake point requires the solution of a number of issues. Including the magnitude of the deflection of the dynamic axes of flow contracted by control structures. The main goal of the work is to develop the design method for the deflection of the dynamic axes of flow unilaterally contracted by a combined dam with a through-flow part made of tetrahedrons. The task is accomplished using Varignon’s theorem and the equation of conservation of discharges written for sections where flow natural condition is maintained in the headrace and contracted section. The concept of flow around the coefficient is introduced as the ratio of incoming discharge to the discharge passing the through-flow part of the combined dam. Design relationships have been proposed to determine the relative deflection of the dynamic axes of flow specific discharge in the non-contracted section of flow carrying capacity of the through-flow part is evaluated through the coefficient of flow-around. Numerical methods carried out for Chirchik river conditions have shown satisfactory results.
Oscillation modeling of viscoelastic elements of thin-walled structures
Authors: Khudayarov B , Turayev F , Zhuvonov Q , Vahobov V , Kucharov O , Kholturaev Kh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the results of an oscillation process study of thin-walled structures viscoelastic elements, taking into account the static pressure drop. When studying the oscillations of thin-walled structure elements in a gas flow, a model in the form of a cylindrical panel was used. To describe the viscoelastic properties, the hereditary Boltzmann-Volterra theory of viscoelasticity was applied. When realizing the physicomechanical properties of the object material, the systems of integro-differential equations (IDE) in partial derivatives with corresponding initial and boundary conditions are the mathematical model of the problems under consideration. The obtained nonlinear partial differential equations using the Bubnov-Galerkin method were reduced to the solution of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with constant or variable coefficients with respect to the time function. The integration of the equations obtained using the polynomial approximation of deflections was carried out numerically. Based on this method, an algorithm for the numerical solution of the problem was developed fit for all viscoelastic elements of thin-walled structures of panel type.
Influence of the nature of the binding material on properties of the sorbents
Authors: Smyatskaya Y , Politaeva N , Chusov A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article discusses sorbents for water purification from heavy metals and petroleum products made from cheap materials such as agricultural waste, industrial waste, sawdust, sheet litter, and others. Literary data in which it is proposed to modify the waste to improve the physic-chemical and sorption characteristics. Acids, alkalis, salts, alcohols, and organic compounds are used as reagents. Additive to the sorption material of the polymer binder allows obtaining material of this form.
This article proposes to manufacture sorbents from cotton waste and agricultural waste (wheat husk). Preliminary heat treatment of materials allows developing a specific surface area and obtaining new functional groups, thereby increasing the cleaning efficiency of model solutions from heavy metal ions (zinc, cadmium, lead, copper). The authors propose sorbents to be laid in layers in the polymer case and thus a three-layer filter “COM” was manufactured. To give the filter a frame structure, it is proposed to introduce polymeric binders (phenol-formaldehyde resins, adhesives, paraffin, a polymeric matrix). Considered 3 types of filters that differ in the content of the polymer matrix. The polymer matrix consists of phenol, formaldehyde, and sulfuric acid. The highest sorption capacity was observed for the COM sample and ranged from 0.88 to 0.90 mg/g, while the cleaning efficiency was up to 89% for zinc ions. Microstructural studies of the samples showed that the introduction of binding additives “smears” the pores and reduces the sorption activity. The introduction of the polymer matrix allows you to save the sorption properties due to the ion exchange mechanism.
The extraction of the water-air phase through a single filtration hole
Authors: Khasanov B , Choriev R , Vatin N , Mirzaev T 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The conducted studies allowed us to establish that the shape of the filtration holes should be subject to the above patterns. The second - it was established on the basis of the analysis of real Reynolds numbers and visual observations that the water extraction mode in the zone of action of the peristaltic wave of compaction is divided into three stages:
a) laminar spin mode;
b) turbulent spin mode;
c) intermittent spin mode.
The first stage of water extraction is determined by the classical two-dimensional (coordinate X and time t) water movement in a porous medium. Usually, this task is complicated by the presence of a water and gas phase in the squeezed stream. The first phase ends with the turbulent motion of the liquid-air phase. Turbulence as the second stage of the extraction of the water-air phase is determined by the dependence of the critical Reynolds number on the action of complex technological factors of hyper-compaction. This includes vibro-shock of peristaltic pressure and shear deformations from the reciprocating movements of the moldable mixture. The second stage ends with the transition to intermittent extraction of residual water.
The third stage of extraction is characterized by the ultimate level of compaction (P

max

) by
breaking continuous filter channels and the transition to a submicrocellular structure of the compacted mixture [1, 2, 3, 4].
Construction and repair of irrigation canals based on converged technologies
Authors: Abdrazakov F , Rukavishnikov A , Miheeva O , Logashov D , Churkina C , Yarmashevich M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The irrigation network is the main hydraulic structure that performs the function of transporting irrigation water to irrigated lands. Channels built in the last century have a high physical and moral wear, requiring a decision on how to restore. It is proposed to use a composite of materials consisting of a concrete web and a geomembrane. The combination of these materials due to their characteristics can reduce the construction process due to the ease of installation and ease of materials, as well as completely eliminate the filtration of water from the channel, which is also a serious problem. The proposed technology is good because it uses the best qualities of each material to obtain an effective coating of the irrigation channel. The use of this technology provides a significant economic effect due to the saving of facing material in the amount of 5 percent of the total area of laying the concrete web, taking into account the cost of geomembrane.
Productivity of screw working together with the planner’s scoop
Authors: Khasanov I , Muratov A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to determining the technical and operational productivity and the main parameters of the new screw working body, in collaboration with the laser planner scoop, to achieve optimal parameters of the technological process of leveling the fields of farms. The possibility of up to 30% saving of irrigation water, as well as increasing crop yields, depends on the quality of planning.
A Study on Human Foot Pressure Behaviour and Balancing Characteristics
Authors: Asmi A N , Othman N , Zain M Z Md , Wahid M Ab 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental investigation on pressure distribution on human foot and balancing characteristics on human foot health. Feet are the parts of the human body that will sustain the highest pressure during standing. Analysis of foot plantar pressure distributions helps in revealing the interface pressure between the foot plantar surface and the shoe sole. The objectives of this research are to study on behavioural of the human foot pressure distribution and balancing during standing. In this study, five factors are considered for the experiment to establish the behavioural of humans’ foot, which are body mass index, gender, type of arch, diabetic and progressive foot deformity. Therefore, the experiment is conducted in order to know the pressure distribution based on factors by using Force Resistive Sensor. As a result, foot pressure distribution for normal subjects usually concentrated on the forefoot, followed by hind foot and middle foot. Body mass index also affects the pressure distribution as an increase in pressure follows an increase in body mass index and vice versa. As for gender factor, there is no significant difference in the pattern of pressure distribution between males and females. While for the type of feet arch factor, the different arch will give different locations of peak pressure. The diabetic factor, pressures will distribute more to the metatarsals and heel area while for progressive foot deformity factor, the pressure is usually distributed at the metatarsals and the toe area.
Spawn Treatment by Cold Plasma for Increase Mushroom Germination and Production
Authors: Agun Linda , Ahmad Norhayati , Redzuan Norizah , Ali Muhammad Farid Aidil Mohd , Zainal Muhamad Nor Firdaus , Misnal Mohd Fadthul Ikmal , Ibrahim Raja Kamarulzaman Raja 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cold plasma technology has found favour in the agricultural industry for growth stimulating by environmental friendly approach. However, there are still leaking studying of cold plasma technology on the mushroom needs. Current convectional mushrooms germination process requires long duration (∼6 weeks) for fruiting to growth. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the cold plasma efficacy towards the oyster mushroom germination speed and fruiting body production. By using novel atmospheric cold plasma pen system, the mushroom spawn grains were generates towards the spawn. Atmospheric pressure with flow rate of 4, 5 and 6 SLM by considering different duration plasma exposure (0, 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 seconds) with ∼7 kV of supply voltage was supplied. The efficiency of the treatment was characterised by mushroom cultivation performance particularly on (i) mycelium growth rate and (ii) mushroom fruiting body productions. The results show cold plasma processing parameter, flow rate and treatment time absolutely influence the mushroom germination and production. CP pen system optimized at 5 SLM and 15 s presents triple production of mushroom weight and speed the mycelium growth rate (only 4 weeks) compared to control spawn grains (6 weeks). As conclusion, cold plasma pen system capability applies in mushroom industry.
Comparison and improvement of driving force-based distillation columns system designs
Authors: Zubir M A , Zahran M F I , Rahimi A N , Shahruddin M Z , Ibrahim K A , Hamid M K A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to compare two driving force-based approaches for designing distillation column systems. A new methodology intended as a comparison tool is presented, where a distillation column system designed at maximum driving force is compared with a distillation column system designed at driving force that corresponds to the feed composition of the light component. In addition, a simplified Kirkbride equation is proposed to improve the existing feed location determination. The methodology is made up of four hierarchical stages; (1) identification of process mixture, (2) determination of driving force sequence, (3) design using driving force method and (4) energy analysis. The steps to sequence and design the systems as well as to analyze their performance in terms of energy usage were applied on an aromatic mixture separation case study. The findings show that by using this study’s approach, the design variables obtained resulted in a system that achieves better purity (near-optimal), is more accurate and more energy efficient that an existing system, with 9.34% less energy used.
Effect of Native Solids Sizes and Concentrations on the Kinetic Stability of Water-In-Oil Emulsions
Authors: Bello Adamu , Umar Abubakar A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The mingled production of oil and water, in the presence of other surface active agents (surfactants), either indigenous in the crude oil aid the formation and stabilization of emulsion. Colloidal particles behave like surfactants molecules, mostly when they adsorb to a fluid-fluid interface. With adequate coverage of these particles at the interface, they act as barriers against droplet coalescence and enhance emulsion stability. This study investigate the effect of certain native solids on the kinetic stability of W/O emulsions. The effect of their sizes and concentrations was studied. Conventional batch test, coupled with Turbiscan were used for the stability measurements. It was found out that the particle type (physico-chemical properties), concentration of the particles at the interface and their sizes are important measures of emulsion stability.
Acoustical Performance of Palm Oil Clinker Sand Sound Absorber
Authors: Haron Z , Yahya K , Galip N S , Zakaria M Z , Jahya Z , Darus N , Abdullah R , Din N C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study in which the performance of palm oil clinker (POC) sandas an alternative acoustic material for controlling noise problems was investigated. The specimens were prepared using the basic mortar mixture of cement-to-river sand ratio of 1:4. The five mixtures used in the study containedPOC sand at the amounts of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the total weight of the sand. Hardened mortar properties of density and compressive strength as well asacousticperformance were measured. The results show that the specimens containing POC sand gave an average noise reduction coefficient of 0.30, which is larger than the corresponding value of 0.25 for the specimens withriver sand only. The combination of 50% POC and 50%river sand achieved the highest sound absorption coefficient of 0.5 at 315 Hz and 0.4 at 1000Hz. It was also found that although POC sand reduced the compressive strength of specimens, the values obtained was still within the strength limit of non-load bearing structures. The findings suggest that POC sand has the potential to be used in the construction of non-structural wall in reducing the noise pollution.