bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping New Sovereignty
Authors: Simmons Caleb 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter begins with a pilgrimage undertaken by a Mysore priest named Subbarayadasa under the patronage of Krishnaraja Wodeyar III; it argues that this pilgrimage was a ritual that articulated a new form of sovereignty through the demarcation of domain. The pilgrimage is discussed within the context of Vedic and Puranic imperial rituals that served to constitute sovereignty and structured territory through similar movements through space. In the early colonial period in Mysore, the radical alteration in political structure necessitated a change in the understanding of sovereignty and territory in which Indian sovereignty became grounded in the sacred landscape of India. This can be seen in the details of Subbarayadasa’s pilgrimage and in a collection of murals that commemorate the journey. This process resulted in the construction of a sovereign “geo-flesh” of India and laid the groundwork for nationalist political ideology and theory in modern and contemporary India
Epilogue
Authors: Simmons Caleb 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This epilogue seeks to situate the histories of Tipu Sultan and Krishnaraja Wodeyar III within the contemporary representations of Tipu Sultan and the Wodeyar lineage in order to show the lasting effects of Tipu Sultan and Krishnaraja Wodeyar III in the cultural memory of Mysore and the stakes that their legacies continue to have for people today who invest part of their own identity in these kings. It examines how debates over these kings are still ongoing in public forums, such as social media, newspaper stories, and the current political climate of India, and how they influence democratic elections.
At School
Authors: Lim Sun Sun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on transcendent parenting practices and young people’s lives in relation to academic matters. Shifting away from the traditional face-to-face teacher-parent meetings and phone calls, home-school conferencing via mobile apps has become increasingly prevalent. This includes the use of homework-reminder apps, school attendance tracking apps, online gradebooks, or homework-helper apps and other services that specifically cater to the needs of home-school conferencing. Beyond such custom home-school conferencing apps and services, generic social networking apps such as WhatsApp and Facebook are also increasingly used by schools, parents, and children in the service of children’s academic pursuits. This growing multitude of ways in which parents can be connected to their children’s teachers and to other parents, and the mediated platforms by which parents can be directly involved in their children’s learning, have created vast possibilities for transcendent parenting, thus exacerbating the parental burden both online and offline.
Mobile Communication and Transcendent Parenting
Authors: Lim Sun Sun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter enunciates how mobile media have engendered the conditions for transcendent parenting practices to emerge, thereby transforming family life in Asian urban middle-class households. It argues that although mothers generally seem to be more involved in their transcendent parenting duties, a more desirable state of shared transcendent parenting between fathers and mothers will ultimately alter the practice of transcendent parenting. It also discusses how the Singapore-focused transcendent parenting experiences in this book are relevant to urban middle-class societies in other parts of the world. Finally, it highlights the negotiation of the consequences of transcendent parenting.
The Turnout Myth
Authors: Shaw Daron , Petrocik John 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This book refutes the widely held convention that high turnout in national elections advantages Democratic candidates while low turnout helps Republicans. It examines over fifty years of presidential, gubernatorial, Senate, and House election data to show there is no consistent partisan effect associated with turnout. The overall relationship between the partisan vote and turnout for these offices is uncorrelated. Most significant, there is no observable party bias to turnout when each office or seat is examined through time. In some states, across the decades, gubernatorial and senatorial contests show a pro-Democratic bias to turnout; in others an increase in turnout helps Republicans. The pattern repeats for House elections during the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and through the 2010s. The analysis demonstrates that, within the range that turnout varies in American elections, it is the participation and abstention of easily influenced, less engaged citizens—peripheral voters—that move the outcome between the parties. These voters are the most influenced when the short-term forces of the election—differential candidate appeal, issues, scandals, and so forth—help the parties. Since these influences advantage Republicans as often as Democrats, the oscillation in turnout that coincides with pro-GOP and pro-Democratic forces leaves turnout rates inconsequential overall. The connections between short-term forces and the election cycle dominate the inconsistent partisan effects of turnout.
If Only Our People Had Turned Out!
Authors: Shaw Daron R. , Petrocik John R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter outlines the turnout myth—that high turnout is a Democratic asset and a Republican liability—with some brief comparisons of elections from 2000 through 2018. The idea that increased turnout would help elect more Democrats is often proffered by media pundits, campaign practitioners, and professional politicians. However, the data clearly demonstrate how poorly the turnout and partisan outcomes of the elections match the notion of a turnout bias. This chapter presents some of the individual-level survey data that have been erroneously generalized into an argument about aggregated turnout pattern. It also outlines the path the argument and analysis takes in the succeeding chapters.
Turnout and Partisan Vote Choice
Authors: Shaw Daron R. , Petrocik John R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the link between turnout and the vote across an extended series of elections within states and electoral districts. The strength of this design is that it conforms exactly to the ordinary language that analysts and commentators use to assert a connection between turnout and vote outcome. The proponents of a turnout bias argue that increased turnout in a forthcoming election should increase the Democrat’s share of the vote compared to the previous election, while a turnout drop will erode that share. We use straightforward data for an analysis of changes through time for presidential elections from 1948 through 2016, for each Senate seat from 1966 through 2016, for each state’s gubernatorial contests from 1966 through 2016, and for all 435 congressional districts from 1972 through 2010. The analysis does not find support for the bias thesis but observes a virtually random relationship, with turnout in many states and districts helping the Republicans as often as it assists the Democrats.
Why Is the Conventional Wisdom Wrong?
Authors: Shaw Daron R. , Petrocik John R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The chapter offers a well-understood voter orientation to explain why the facts do not fit the myth. Republicans generally vote at higher rates than Democrats due to predispositions that reflect socioeconomic factors. When overall turnout increases, the less participatory are showing up, but Democrats are not advantaged by higher turnout for two reasons. The first has to do with the magnitude of the turnout difference between Democrats and Republicans, and how that affects the vote between or (for a few elections) among the candidates. The second part of the answer reflects the greater susceptibility of peripheral voters to short-term, election-specific influences: when turnout increases the short-term forces can (and often do) move peripheral voters toward the Republicans.
Some Final Data and Thoughts on the Link between Turnout and Vote Choice
Authors: Shaw Daron R. , Petrocik John R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Chapter 9 returns to the possibility that a single factor might be exerting an unseen effect on the relationship between turnout and partisan vote choice. More precisely, we return to the concept of partisanship and the idea that turnout affects vote choice, but only if one takes account of the majority party and the competitive balance in the state or district. The analysis finds sporadic and unsystematic support for the notion, but more evidence in support of short-term electoral forces associated with the candidate and the issues in the election. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of currents in American politics that might matter to upcoming elections.
Rufino’s Africa
Authors: Reis João José , Gomes Flávio dos Santos , de Carvalho Marcus J. M. , Gledhill H. Sabrina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Rufino was born in the ancient kingdom of Ò̩yó̩, one of the most powerful states in West Africa in the early nineteenth century. The expansion of Islam in the area, coupled with internal strife, led to a series of wars involving different ethnic groups. In 1817, a slave revolt in the heart of Ò̩yó̩ weakened its leadership to a point of no return. The victims of the conflicts that followed crowded the slave ships bound for Brazil. Years later, Rufino told the police that he came from a Yoruba Muslim family, who named him Abuncare. He was enslaved by Muslim Hausa warriors, a great number of whom were escaped slaves who ravaged the region where he lived. Rufino was sold on the coast and sent to Bahia in the early 1820s.
Enslaved in Bahia
Authors: Reis João José , Gomes Flávio dos Santos , de Carvalho Marcus J. M. , Gledhill H. Sabrina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Once in Salvador, Abuncare was baptized as Rufino. His master was a successful apothecary in whose pharmacy Rufino learned how to prepare medicines and came into contact with both free and enslaved people. The city had between 50,000 to 60,000 inhabitants, 42 percent of whom were enslaved. Sixty-three percent of latter were born in Africa. The majority were Yoruba speakers, like Rufino, and worked as domestics or as slaves for hire. Rufino’s arrival coincided with the War of Independence from Portugal. There were also 16 slave rebellions between 1822 and 1826, in Salvador and in nearby sugar plantations. There is no evidence that Rufino was involved in those rebellions, which were clearly waged by fellow Yoruba-speaking Africans.
Rufino Joins the Slave Trade
Authors: Reis João José , Gomes Flávio dos Santos , de Carvalho Marcus J. M. , Gledhill H. Sabrina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Now a freedman, Rufino starts working as a cook aboard slave ships, a strategic position in the business of transporting captives alive across the Atlantic, for cooks kept the slaves and crew healthy during the Middle Passage lasting 27 to 60 days. Rufino may also have used his earlier experience to prepare medicine and amulets for Muslim slaves. After the slave trade was banned in 1831, slave ships were frequently overcrowded, leading to an increase in mortality rates. Rufino’s first employer was a trader named Joaquim José da Rocha who sent slaves from Angola to Rio de Janeiro. Later, he would work for other slave traders, such as Joaquim Ribeiro de Brito, who operated between Luanda and Recife, in the province of Pernambuco, where at least 28,000 slaves were disembarked between 1837 and 1841.
Readying the Ermelinda
Authors: Reis João José , Gomes Flávio dos Santos , de Carvalho Marcus J. M. , Gledhill H. Sabrina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter reports on Rufino’s life as a cook on the Ermelinda, a slave ship whose name changed more than once, usually to to fool the domestic and foreign authorities who were combating the illegal slave trade. The Ermelinda was a much larger vessel than the Paula and São José, on which Rufino had previously worked. The Ermelinda had to be carefully prepared in order to avoid unnecessary incidents and losses. Captains, masters, supercargoes, cooks, and sailors in general had specific tasks to fulfill. The Ermelinda’s crewmen included people from several nationalities—Africans, Brazilians and Europeans. Africans were employed in several tasks, and their knowledge of indigenous languages was greatly valued in the African trading ports.
Rufino’s Employers
Authors: Reis João José , Gomes Flávio dos Santos , de Carvalho Marcus J. M. , Gledhill H. Sabrina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Rufino’s employers are the focus of this chapter. The Ermelinda’s owner was José Francisco de Azevedo Lisboa, a slave trader also known by the nickname Azevedinho (little Azevedo). He was well-known to the British authorities for his extensive slave trading activities in Angola, West Africa, Bahia, and Pernambuco in the 1830s and 1840s. He was the equivalent of the CEO of a large slave trading firm based in Recife that brought together some of the wealthiest local merchants, such as Angelo Francisco Carneiro, later Viscount of Loures, and had formed a vast network of connections with slave dealers all over Brazil. According to an investigation by the British, this organization smuggled massive numbers of slaves to Brazilian shores.
Passengers, Shippers, and Cargo
Authors: Reis João José , Gomes Flávio dos Santos , de Carvalho Marcus J. M. , Gledhill H. Sabrina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter depicts the preparation of the slave ship Ermelinda, the trade goods it carried, and crew recruitment. The ship carried fourteen crewmen and a few passengers. The trade goods included tobacco, sugar, rum, rice, cassava flour and manufactured goods, including European fabrics mostly made in England. The ship also carried a coach and horses for a known slave dealer in Luanda, Arsénio de Carpio. Some crewmembers and passengers had also brought goods on board to buy slaves. The distribution of the merchandise onboard is discussed. Besides Rufino, another African named Duarte Martins and crew members owned 2.4 percent of these goods.
The Equipment Act
Authors: Reis João José , Gomes Flávio dos Santos , de Carvalho Marcus J. M. , Gledhill H. Sabrina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter details the 1839 Equipment Act, also known as the Palmerston Bill, and describes how it was implemented in the 1840s. Itallowed the capture of Rufino’s ship by the British on the grounds that it was equipped to take captives aboard. In the following years, many other ships were captured under the act before embarking slaves. The capture of Brazilian ships in the 1840s is discussed and incidents described. The year when the Ermelinda was seized, 1841, the British and Brazilian Mixed Commission for the Suppression of the Slave Trade in Sierra Leone tried and convicted ten Brazilian ships. The suppression of the slave trade, a mission with an indisputably moral basis, gave the Royal Navy a pretext to occupy or blockade African ports, seize ships, attack and burn trading posts, and threaten local chiefs.
Back to Sea
Authors: Reis João José , Gomes Flávio dos Santos , de Carvalho Marcus J. M. , Gledhill H. Sabrina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Acquitted from accusation of illegal slave trading, the Ermelinda gets ready to return to Brazil. Six other Brazilian ships were not so lucky, and were condemned in 1842. Of its original crew, only Rufino and a cabin boy sailed back to Recife on the Ermelinda, as the captain and other crew members had been left in Luanda when the slave ship was captured. Problems emerged when it came time to hire a captain to take the ship back to Brazil. The new crewmen were recruited from ships found guilty of engaging in the illegal slave trade by the Mixed Commission in Sierra Leone..
Counting the Costs
Authors: Reis João José , Gomes Flávio dos Santos , de Carvalho Marcus J. M. , Gledhill H. Sabrina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
From the business standpoint, the Ermelinda’s voyage had been disastrous for large and small investors. Losses are calculated. The cargo was ruined, including Rufino’s guava sweets. After returning to Recife, Rufino traded in textiles but remained an employee of his slave trade employers for a while. He lived aboard the Ermelinda until the ship was auctioned off a few months later. Rufino returned to Sierra Leone as a witness to claims of reparation from the British for losses incurred by the merchants for the capture of the Ermelinda. This time, he attended a Qur’anic school in Freetown for close to two years.
A Man of Faith and Sorcery
Authors: Reis João José , Gomes Flávio dos Santos , de Carvalho Marcus J. M. , Gledhill H. Sabrina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Eight years after settling in Recife, Rufino is arrested and investigated as a suspect for involvement in a slave plot. He answers his interrogators “calmly and frankly,” according to a witness. He claimed to be 45 years old, although he was described as an old man. He told his questioners that he was a diviner and a Muslim preacher, his clientele included not only Muslims but also people of mixed race, and even some whites, for whom he predicted the future, cured a range of ailments, removed evil spells, and prepared amulets. Rufino adapted some aspects of Brazilian popular Catholicism to his magical-religious arsenal. One of his main differences to other non-Christian religious leaders was his use of the written word. Some of his Arabic manuscript prayers were sent to Rio de Janeiro for translation, but only notes for a marriage ceremony survived.
Tense Times in Rufino’s Recife
Authors: Reis João José , Gomes Flávio dos Santos , de Carvalho Marcus J. M. , Gledhill H. Sabrina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Rufino lived in Recife during a period of social unrest, namely the 1848 liberal rebellion and the 1852 revolt of free blacks provoked by rumors of a government plan to enslave them. In April 1853, a new wave of rumors spread the news that slaves had been freed but their masters did not inform them. In August 1853, several slaves and freed people were arrested and confessed the existence of a plot in three different counties, including Recife. Most suspect slaves were punished by their own masters, but the police condemned three of them to up to 600 lashes. Rufino’s house was raided and Muslim papers found, leading the police to believe they were plans for the revolt.
A Free Man
Authors: Reis João José , Gomes Flávio dos Santos , de Carvalho Marcus J. M. , Gledhill H. Sabrina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Rufino’s interrogation shows he also drew attention because he raised the memories of the 1835 Muslim rebellion in Bahia and of the “Divine Teacher” episode in Recife in 1846. The latter involved a black man who led a messianic movement of free and enslaved black Christians, whom he taught how to read and write using subversive verses that threatened a Haitian-style slave revolution unless freedom was granted peacefully. Since Rufino could read, write, and indoctrinate, the press referred to him as the Divine Teacher II, though he was a Muslim. After two weeks in jail, Rufino was released free of charges. His story was told by the press all over Brazil.
Epilogue
Authors: Reis João José , Gomes Flávio dos Santos , de Carvalho Marcus J. M. , Gledhill H. Sabrina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Rufino’s story suggests the range of possibilities and obstacles faced by African freed persons in Brazil. Although he was not a social rebel, he represented a cultural affront to Brazilian slavocracy: he could read and write, spoke several languages, held a cosmopolitan view of the world, and practiced Islam. He was a ladino African, a man who had understood the workings of the slave society. He could have returned to Africa but chose to live in Brazil, where he had a son and followers. As a freedman, Rufino tried to reconstruct a life that was interrupted when he was captured and deported to Brazil.
The Impact and Importance of Policy in the Lives of Music Teachers
Authors: Schmidt Patrick 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter introduces the reader to the purpose of this book, which is to facilitate the development of a policy identity in the field of music education so that music educators can be confident contributors to the policy process. The chapter articulates the ways in which policy can be formal or informal, obvious or subtle, stated or unstated, implicit or explicit. It demonstrates that policy starts with ideas, exemplifying how we may impact the process of adopting, implementing, and assessing said ideas. It shows how policy’s purposes are manifold, with practices that are deeply contextual and linked to constituencies and their interests. It argues, at the same time, that the consequences of policy can be acutely felt and are ethically far-reaching. The chapter, in sum, introduces policy as a complex terrain but also highlights tools for action.
A New Kind of Teacher Activism
Authors: Schmidt Patrick 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores policy as a form of critical pedagogy. It argues that there is something highly pedagogical about the formation and enactment of policy knowhow. The chapter investigates three central concepts of critical pedagogy—namely, conscientization, participation, and activism—and recasts them within the policy context. Using criticality as a parameter, the chapter links policy knowhow to the formation of critical leadership skills, with the aim of dissuading a view that sees policy as a “closed preserve of the formal government apparatus of policymaking” in which teachers are written out of the policy process.
Making the Empire Protestant
Authors: Stanwood Owen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Even as individual colonies faded, Huguenots remained prominent in a world of empires. This chapter examines how individuals used institutions, especially in the British empire, to preserve their own positions and promote a particular kind of Protestant imperialism. There were three most common ways to do this. The first was in the Church of England, where a number of refugee ministers became missionaries in the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, making the Church a force for international Protestantism. The second was in the military, where officers like Paul Mascarene and John Ligonier rose to power. Finally, Huguenot merchants became some of the most important go-betweens in the Atlantic world. In each case, these Huguenots drew from their connections and experience with French people to push the empire in a certain direction, eventually toward promoting a new set of Huguenot colonies.
Epilogue
Authors: Stanwood Owen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The epilogue uses the story of Jean-Henry de Bérenger, a Prussian officer, to show how the coming of Revolution ended the global Refuge. Bérenger attempted to collect his inheritance from an uncle in South Carolina, using the Atlantic patronage networks the Huguenots knew so well. But the American Revolution broke these networks, and Bérenger never got his money. Both the American and French Revolutions threatened the Huguenots’ political status and forced them to remake themselves in a number of national molds. The epilogue ends by glancing into the nineteenth century and reflecting on how the Huguenots’ times of tribulation after the Revocation represented a paradoxical Golden Age