bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timed barium swallow for assessing long‐term treatment response in patients with achalasia: Absolute cutoff versus percent change – A cross‐sectional analytic study
Authors: Blonski Wojciech , Kumar Ambuj , Feldman John , Richter Joel E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTimed barium swallow (TBS) assesses esophageal emptying before and after therapy in patients with achalasia. Our aim was to compare the accuracy of percent change in barium height with traditional absolute cutoff of <5 cm on post‐treatment TBS.Materials and MethodsConsecutive patients with treatment naïve achalasia treated with either PD, HM, or POEM between 1/2012 and 7/2017 were eligible for inclusion. The accuracy of percent change in pre‐ and post‐treatment barium height at 5 minutes versus an absolute <5 cm cutoff for assessing treatment response was assessed using the receiver operating curve analysis (ROC).ResultsEighty‐one patients met the inclusion criteria. The median percent change in barium heights at five minutes in patients who did not improve was 6 percent increase (n = 10; mean 10.6) versus 78 percent decrease (n = 71; mean 64) in patients who improved (P = 0.0001). The AUC for percent change in TBS 5 minutes height was 76% (95% CI 48% to 90%), and a 3% decrease from baseline as a cutoff had a sensitivity of 60% and specificity of 99%. The AUC for post‐treatment TBS 5 minutes height was 79% (95% CI 53% to 91%), and the 5 cm cutoff had a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 75%.ConclusionsThe results show that 3% percent improvement in pre‐ and post‐treatment barium height at 5 minutes rather than absolute cutoff value of <5 cm on post‐treatment TBS is a better indicator of treatment success in achalasia patients. These findings indicate the need for reassessment of tools to identify treatment response.
Image intensifier as an auxiliary tool in the retrieval of an orthodontic band in the coronoid process: a case report
Authors: de Figueiredo Eugênia Leal , de Arruda José Alcides Almeida , Monteiro João Luiz Gomes Carneiro , de Araújo Bruna Luna , Neres Bruno José Carvalho Macêdo , Caubi Antônio de Figueiredo , Vasconcellos Ricardo José de Holanda 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDisplacement of orthodontic appliances to the fascial spaces and segments of the airways during orthognathic surgery is rare; however, it may cause potential complications to the patients. Additionally, the removal of foreign bodies in the maxillofacial region can be a great challenge. Herein, we describe a case of a 43‐year‐old female patient with an orthodontic band displaced to the coronoid process during orthognathic surgery. In addition, the indications, treatments and outcomes of the image intensifier used in maxillofacial surgery were discussed. The object was successfully removed using an image intensifier, which allowed real‐time visualization of the displaced appliance while using a haemostat to remove it through a conservative surgical wound. This article reports on a viable and safe method of a navigation system for the removal of foreign bodies in the region of the coronoid process. Maxillofacial surgeons should introduce this technique in selected cases in order to ensure safe and minimally invasive surgery.
Luminal preloading with hydrogen‐rich saline ameliorates ischemia‐reperfusion injury following intestinal transplantation in rats
Authors: Yamamoto Hirotsugu , Aokage Toshiyuki , Igawa Takuro , Hirayama Takahiro , Seya Mizuki , Ishikawa‐Aoyama Michiko , Nojima Tsuyoshi , Nakao Atsunori , Naito Hiromichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProlonged intestinal cold storage causes considerable mucosal breakdown, which could bolster bacterial translocation and cause life‐threatening infection for the transplant recipient. The intestine has an intraluminal compartment, which could be a target for intervention, but has not yet been fully investigated. Hydrogen gas exerts organ protection and has used been recently in several clinical and basic research studies on topics including intestinal transplantation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cytoprotective efficacy of intraluminally administered hydrogen‐rich saline on cold IR injury in intestinal transplantation. Isogeneic intestinal transplantation with 6 hours of cold ischemia was performed on Lewis rats. Hydrogen‐rich saline (H2 concentration at 5 ppm) or normal saline was intraluminally introduced immediately before preservation. Graft intestine was excised 3 hours after reperfusion and analyzed. Histopathological analysis of control grafts revealed blunting of the villi and erosion. These mucosal changes were notably attenuated by intraluminal hydrogen. Intestinal mucosa damage caused by IR injury led to considerable deterioration of gut barrier function 3 h post‐reperfusion. However, this decline in permeability was critically prevented by hydrogen treatment. IR‐induced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine mRNAs such as IL‐6 was mitigated by hydrogen treatment. Western blot revealed that hydrogen treatment regulated loss of the transmembrane protein ZO‐1. Hydrogen‐rich saline intraluminally administered in the graft intestine modulated IR injury to transplanted intestine in rats. Successful abrogation of intestinal IR injury with a novel strategy using intraluminal hydrogen may be easily clinically applicable and will compellingly improve patient care after transplantation.
Automatic facial reactions to facial, body, and vocal expressions: A stimulus‐response compatibility study
Authors: Shaham Galit , Mortillaro Marcello , Aviezer Hillel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhen perceiving emotional facial expressions there is an automatic tendency to react with a matching facial expression. A classic explanation of this phenomenon, termed the matched motor hypothesis, highlights the importance of topographic matching, that is, the correspondence in body parts, between perceived and produced actions. More recent studies using mimicry paradigms have challenged this classic account, producing ample evidence against the matched motor hypothesis. However, research using stimulus‐response compatibility (SRC) paradigms usually assumed the effect relies on topographic matching. While mimicry and SRC share some characteristics, critical differences between the paradigms suggest conclusions cannot be simply transferred from one to another. Thus, our aim in the present study was to directly test the matched motor hypothesis using SRC. Specifically, we investigated whether observing emotional body postures or hearing emotional vocalizations produces a tendency to respond with one's face, despite completely different motor actions being involved. In three SRC experiments, participants were required to either smile or frown in response to a color cue, presented concurrently with stimuli of happy and angry facial (experiment 1), body (experiment 2), or vocal (experiment 3) expressions. Reaction times were measured using facial EMG. Whether presenting facial, body, or vocal expressions, we found faster responses in compatible, compared to incompatible trials. These results demonstrate that the SRC effect of emotional expressions does not require topographic matching. Our findings question interpretations of previous research and suggest further examination of the matched motor hypothesis.
Artificial intelligence evaluating primary thoracic lesions has an overall lower error rate compared to veterinarians or veterinarians in conjunction with the artificial intelligence
Authors: Boissady Emilie , de La Comble Alois , Zhu Xiaojuan , Hespel Adrien‐Maxence 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo date, deep learning technologies have provided powerful decision support systems to radiologists in human medicine. The aims of this retrospective, exploratory study were to develop and describe an artificial intelligence able to screen thoracic radiographs for primary thoracic lesions in feline and canine patients. Three deep learning networks using three different pretraining strategies to predict 15 types of primary thoracic lesions were created (including tracheal collapse, left atrial enlargement, alveolar pattern, pneumothorax, and pulmonary mass). Upon completion of pretraining, the algorithms were provided with over 22 000 thoracic veterinary radiographs for specific training. All radiographs had a report created by a board‐certified veterinary radiologist used as the gold standard. The performances of all three networks were compared to one another. An additional 120 radiographs were then evaluated by three types of observers: the best performing network, veterinarians, and veterinarians aided by the network. The error rates for each of the observers was calculated as an overall and for the 15 labels and were compared using a McNemar's test. The overall error rate of the network was significantly better than the overall error rate of the veterinarians or the veterinarians aided by the network (10.7% vs 16.8% vs17.2%, P = .001). The network's error rate was significantly better to detect cardiac enlargement and for bronchial pattern. The current network only provides help in detecting various lesion types and does not provide a diagnosis. Based on its overall very good performance, this could be used as an aid to general practitioners while waiting for the radiologist's report.
Adaptive Global Stability of Nonlinear Pure-Feedback Systems With Unknown Time-Varying Delays
Authors: Guo Jun , Wang Yao , Bo Yuming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the backstepping control problem for nonlinear pure-feedback systems with time-varying delays. A virtual controller is designed to counteract the effects caused by the state perturbation of time delay, and improve the stability of the system. The assumption on delay-dependent nonlinearities is further relaxed by a backstepping auxiliary controller and a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. A suitable coordinate transformation is introduced to reduce the complexity of computation caused by nonaffine structures. The globally uniform boundedness of the closed-loop signals and the asymptotical stability of the state are proved by Lyapunov–Krasovskii stability theory. Finally, the effectiveness of our method is demonstrated by two illustrations.
Minimizing the Effects of On-Chip Hotspots Using Multi-Objective Optimization of Flow Distribution in Water-Cooled Parallel Microchannel Heatsinks
Authors: Hadad Yaser , Radmard Vahideh , Rangarajan Srikanth , Farahikia Mahdi , Refai-Ahmed Gamal , Chiarot Paul R. , Sammakia Bahgat 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The industry shift to multicore microprocessor architecture will likely cause higher temperature nonuniformity on chip surfaces, exacerbating the problem of chip reliability and lifespan. While advanced cooling technologies like two phase embedded cooling exist, the technological risks of such solutions make conventional cooling technologies more desirable. One such solution is remote cooling with heatsinks with sequential conduction resistance from chip to module. The objective of this work is to numerically demonstrate a novel concept to remotely cool chips with hotspots and maximize chip temperature uniformity using an optimized flow distribution under constrained geometric parameters for the heatsink. The optimally distributed flow conditions presented here are intended to maximize the heat transfer from a nonuniform chip power map by actively directing flow to a hotspot region. The hotspot-targeted parallel microchannel liquid cooling design is evaluated against a baseline uniform flow conventional liquid cooling design for the industry pressure drop limit of approximately 20 kPa. For an average steady-state heat flux of 145 W/cm2 on core areas (hotspots) and 18 W/cm2 on the remaining chip area (background), the chip temperature uniformity is improved by 10%. Moreover, the heatsink design has improved chip temperature uniformity without a need for any additional system level complexity, which also reduces reliability risks.
Aging and Fatigue of Aerosol Jet-Printed Nano-Ag Traces on Flexible Substrate
Authors: Raj Arun , Sivasubramony Rajesh Sharma , Yadav Manu , Thekkut Sanoop , Khinda Gurvinder Singh , Alhendi Mohammed , Poliks Mark D. , Borgesen Peter 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Conducting traces on a flexible substrate often have to survive significant and repeated deformation, making their fatigue resistance and the stability of it during long-term storage and use a potential concern. The question of stability is obvious in the case of, for example, screen or ink jet-printed traces where the organic matrix remains a critical part of the structure. We show it also to be important for nano-Ag traces that are sintered to ensure metallic bonding between the particles while eliminating most of the organics. We also show conventional accelerated aging tests to be potentially confusing or misleading for such traces, depending among other on practical limitations on sintering conditions. Examples are presented of how the fatigue resistance of application relevant aerosol jet-printed nano-Ag traces may degrade relatively rapidly at moderate temperatures. Even after “optimized” sintering at a much higher temperature subsequent aging at 75 °C for only 100 h led to an order of magnitude reduction in the fatigue life in subsequent mild cycling. The rate of degradation is certain to vary with the design and the ink used as well as with sintering conditions, making it important to account for it all in materials selection, process optimization, and assessments of practical life.
Design and Testing of a Rig to Investigate Buoyancy-Induced Heat Transfer in Aero-Engine Compressor Rotors
Authors: Luberti Dario , Patinios Marios , Jackson Richard W. , Tang Hui , Pountney Oliver J. , Scobie James A. , Sangan Carl M. , Owen J. Michael , Lock Gary D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The change in compressor blade-tip clearance across the flight cycle depends on the expansion of the rotor, which in turn depends on the temperature and stress in the disks. The radial distribution of temperature is directly coupled to the buoyancy-driven flow and heat transfer in the rotating disk cavities. This paper describes a new test rig specifically designed to investigate this conjugate phenomenon. The rig test section includes four rotating disks enclosing three cavities. Two disks in the central cavity are instrumented with thermocouples to provide the radial distribution of temperature; the two outer cavities are thermally insulated to create appropriate boundary conditions for the heat transfer analysis. An axial throughflow of air is supplied between a stationary shaft and the bore of the disks. The temperature of the throughflow air is measured by thermocouples in rakes upstream and downstream of the central cavity. For a cold throughflow, the outer shroud of the central cavity is heated. Two independently controlled radiant heaters allow differential shroud temperatures for the upstream and downstream disks, as found in aero-engine compressors. Alternatively, the throughflow can be heated above the shroud temperature to simulate the transient conditions during engine operation where stratified flow can occur inside the cavity. The rig is designed to operate in conditions where both convective and radiative heat transfer dominate; all internal surfaces of the cavity are painted matt black to allow the accurate calculation of the radiant heat transfer. Separate attachments can be fitted to the cobs of both central disks; the attachments reduce the axial gap between the cobs—reducing the gap to zero creates a closed cavity, which can occur in some compressor designs. Other instrumentation includes heat-flux gages on the shroud and high-frequency pressure transducers embedded into the disk diaphragm to capture unsteady flow structures. Attention has been given to experimental uncertainty, including the computation of the thermal-disturbance errors, caused by thermocouples embedded in the rotating disks; a Bayesian statistical model is used to reduce the effect of uncertainties in temperature measurements on the calculation of the Nusselt number. The effect of relevant nondimensional parameters on the radial distribution of the disk and throughflow temperatures has been shown for some typical cases.
Impact of the Precessing Vortex Core on NOx Emissions in Premixed Swirl-Stabilized Flames—An Experimental Study
Authors: Lückoff Finn , Sieber Moritz , Paschereit Christian Oliver , Oberleithner Kilian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The reduction of NOx emissions remains a driving factor in the design process of swirl-stabilized combustion systems, to meet legislative restrictions. In reacting swirl flows, hydrodynamic coherent structures, such as periodic large-scale vortices in the shear layer, induce zones with increased heat release rate fluctuations in connection with temperature peaks, which lead to an increase of NOx emissions. Such large-scale vortices can be induced by the helical coherent structure known as precessing vortex core (PVC), which influences the flow and flame dynamics under certain operating conditions. We developed an active flow control system, allowing for a targeted actuation of the PVC, to investigate its impact on combustion properties such as NOx emissions. In this work, a perfectly premixed flame, which slightly damps the PVC, is studied in detail. Since the PVC is slightly damped, it can be precisely excited by means of open-loop flow control. In connection with time-resolved OH*-chemiluminescence and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements, the impact of the actuated PVC on flow and flame dynamics is characterized. It turns out that the PVC rolls up the inner shear layer, which results in an interaction of PVC-induced vortices and flame. This interaction considerably influences the measured level of NOx emissions, which grows with increasing PVC amplitude in a perfectly premixed flame. Nearly, the same increase is measured for partially premixed conditions. This is in contrast to previous studies, where the PVC is assumed to reduce the NOx emissions due to vortex-enhanced mixing.
Short-Term, Combined Fasting and Exercise Improves Body Composition in Healthy Males
Authors: delli Paoli Giuseppe , van de Laarschot Denise , Friesema Edith C.H. , Verkaik Remco , Giacco Antonia , Senese Rosalba , Arp Pascal P. , Jhamai P. Mila , Pagnotta Stefano M. , Broer Linda , Uitterlinden André G. , Lanni Antonia , Zillikens M. Carola , de Lange Pieter 
Published: September 2020

Fasting enhances the beneficial metabolic outcomes of exercise; however, it is unknown whether body composition is favorably modified on the short term. A baseline–follow-up study was carried out to assess the effect of an established protocol involving short-term combined exercise with fasting on body composition. One hundred seven recreationally exercising males underwent a 10-day intervention across 15 fitness centers in the Netherlands involving a 3-day gradual decrease of food intake, a 3-day period with extremely low caloric intake, and a gradual 4-day increase to initial caloric intake, with daily 30-min submaximal cycling. Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry analysis, all subjects substantially lost total body mass (−3.9 ± 1.9 kg; p < .001) and fat mass (−3.3 ± 1.3 kg; p < .001). Average lean mass was lost (−0.6 ± 1.5 kg; p < .001), but lean mass as a percentage of total body mass was not reduced. The authors observed a loss of −3.9 ± 1.9% android fat over total fat mass (p < .001), a loss of −2.2 ± 1.9% gynoid over total fat mass (p < .001), and reduced android/gynoid ratios (−0.05 ± 0.1; p < .001). Analyzing 15 preselected single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 13 metabolism-related genes revealed trending associations for thyroid state–related single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs225014 (deiodinase 2) and rs35767 (insulin-like growth factor1), and rs1053049 (PPARD). In conclusion, a short period of combined fasting and exercise leads to a substantial loss of body and fat mass without a loss of lean mass as a percentage of total mass.
Accuracy of common IOL power formulas in 611 eyes based on axial length and corneal power ranges
Authors: Röggla Veronika , Langenbucher Achim , Leydolt Christina , Schartmüller Daniel , Schwarzenbacher Luca , Abela-Formanek Claudette , Menapace Rupert 
Published: September 2020

AimsTo provide clinical guidance on the use of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas according to the biometric parameters.Methods611 eyes that underwent cataract surgery were retrospectively analysed in subgroups according to the axial length (AL) and corneal power (K). The predicted residual refractive error was calculated and compared to evaluate the accuracy of the following formulas: Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1 and SRK/T. Furthermore, the percentages of eyes with ≤±0.25, ≤±0.5 and 1 dioptres (D) of the prediction error were recorded.ResultsThe Haigis formula showed the highest percentage of cases with ≤0.5 D in eyes with a short AL and steep K (90%), average AL and steep cornea (73.2%) but also in long eyes with a flat and average K (65% and 72.7%, respectively). The Hoffer Q formula delivered the lowest median absolute error (MedAE) in short eyes with an average K (0.30 D) and Holladay 1 in short eyes with a steep K (Holladay 1 0.24 D). SRK/T presented the highest percentage of cases with ≤0.5 D in average long eyes with a flat and average K (80.5% and 68.1%, respectively) and the lowest MedAE in long eyes with an average K (0.29 D).ConclusionOverall, the Haigis formula shows accurate results in most subgroups. However, attention must be paid to the axial eye length as well as the corneal power when choosing the appropriate formula to calculate an IOL power, especially in eyes with an unusual biometry.
Treat-to-target strategy with secukinumab as a first-line biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug compared to standard-of-care treatment in patients with active axial spondyloarthritis: protocol for a randomised open-label phase III study, AScalate
Authors: Poddubnyy Denis , Hammel Ludwig , Heyne Marvin , Veit Justyna , Jentzsch Claudia , Baraliakos Xenofon 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionIn patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) are recommended to those with inadequate response or contraindications to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In case of failure of the first bDMARD, a switch within the class or to other bDMARD is recommended. Despite these treatment options, there is no optimal treat-to-target (T2T) strategy. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a T2T strategy in patients with axSpA, with secukinumab as a first-line bDMARD, compared with standard-of-care (SOC) treatment.Methods and analysesThis is a randomised, parallel-group, open-label, multicentre ongoing study in patients with axSpA who are naïve to bDMARD and who have had an inadequate response to NSAIDs. The study will include an 8-week screening period, a 36-week treatment period and a 20-week safety follow-up period. At baseline, patients will be randomised (1:1) to T2T or SOC group. In the T2T group, patients will be treated with secukinumab 150 mg subcutaneous (s.c.) weekly until week 4 and then at week 8. For non-responders (patients without Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score [ASDAS] clinically important improvement; change from baseline ≥1.1) at week 12, dose will be escalated to 300 mg s.c. every 4 weeks until week 24. Non-responders at week 24 will be switched to adalimumab biosimilar 40 mg s.c. every 2 weeks until week 34. In the SOC group, patients will receive treatment at the discretion of the physician. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients achieving an Assessment in SpondyloArthritis International Society 40% (ASAS40) response at week 24.Ethics and disseminationThe study is being conducted as per the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and after approval from independent ethics committees/institutional review boards. The first results are expected to be published in early 2022.Trial registration numberThis study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03906136.