bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicians' hybridisation with accounting in public hospitals
Authors: Gago‐Rodríguez Susana , Ferreira‐da‐Silva Amélia , Fernandez‐Feijoo Belen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAccounting information has become an integral part of management tools in public hospitals. Following COVID‐19, the crisis in the supply chain and the war in Ukraine severely impacted the financing of public hospitals. In response to this multi‐crisis environment, physicians have increased their awareness on an efficient use of scarce resources. This paper examines the intersection between accounting and medical practice, taking into account both the competing logics and the two prevailing models of medical practice. We develop a theoretical framework to understand how these crises, and potential future crises, influence the hybridisation of medical practice with accounting principles.
Postoperative outcomes in colorectal surgery by day of surgery: A national cohort study
Authors: Joseph Nejo , Xu William , McGuinness Matthew J. , Varghese Chris , Baraza Wal , O'Grady Greg , Bissett Ian , Harmston Christopher , Wells Cameron I. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimPoorer postoperative outcomes have been observed for patients admitted and operated on later in the week and over the weekend. This is thought to be related to temporal fluctuations in the quality of perioperative care. The aim of this work was to identify if the day of surgery influenced outcomes in a national cohort of colorectal cancer (CRC) resections.MethodA retrospective population‐based study of patients undergoing CRC resection during the period 2010–2020 in Aotearoa New Zealand (AoNZ) was conducted. Ninety‐day postoperative mortality, morbidity, postoperative length of stay (PLOS), reoperation and failure to rescue (FTR) were calculated for elective and acute cohorts, stratified by the day of surgery. FTR‐Surgical (mortality following reoperation within 90 days of the index operation) was also analysed by day of reoperation. Univariable and mixed‐effects, multivariate, logistic regression models were analysed.ResultsThe overall cohort included 17 174 patients who underwent surgery for CRC. The 90‐day mortality in the elective and acute cohorts was 2.4% (336/13 744) and 11% (371/3430), respectively. Ninety‐day mortality, inpatient complications, FTR and PLOS did not differ by day of surgery in acute and elective cohorts. Notably, patients having elective surgery on a Wednesday had a significantly higher rate of reoperation (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.06–1.56, p = 0.012). Furthermore, reoperation following complication of the index surgery was associated with a significantly higher 90‐day mortality (FTR‐Surgical) for patients having reoperation on a Friday (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.01–4.33, p = 0.045).ConclusionThere is no variation in postoperative outcomes across the week for both elective and emergency cases. This study does, however, highlight a higher FTR‐S later on Friday, suggesting that these high‐risk patients may require closer postoperative monitoring over the weekend.
Appraisal of current surgical guidelines for inflammatory bowel disease using the AGREE‐S instrument: A scoping review
Authors: Khan Zarnigar Mussarat , Ball Camille , Saeed Dalha , Tai Grace , Chandran Shaneil , Vashista Abhishek , Davey Simon , Lee Matthew James , Brown Steven R. , Hind Daniel , Sayers Adele Elizabeth 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimGuidelines play a crucial role in improving patient care by providing clinicians with up to date evidence‐based recommendations. A vast number of guidelines exist on the surgical management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this scoping review was to identify current surgical IBD guidelines, assess their quality and identify areas of variation between the existing guidelines.MethodA systematic search of the literature from January 2008 to September 2023 was conducted. After identifying eligible guidelines, they were assessed for quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation for Surgical Interventions (AGREE‐S) instrument. Data were extracted on descriptive guideline characteristics and recommendations.ResultsFifteen guidelines were identified globally. Most guidelines were published between 2011 and 2023, with six focusing solely on Crohn's disease, five on ulcerative colitis and four on both. Six guidelines focused exclusively on surgical management, while nine contained both medical and surgical recommendations. The overall mean AGREE‐S score was 59%, with more recent guidelines scoring higher.ConclusionsThe quality of IBD surgical guidelines varies considerably. High‐quality, collaborative, international guidelines are needed to reduce duplication and ensure consistent, evidence‐based surgical care for IBD patients worldwide. Future guideline development should adhere to the AGREE‐S criteria to enhance methodological rigour and transparency.
Barriers faced by surgeons in identifying and managing malnutrition in emergency general surgery: A qualitative study
Authors: Ashmore Daniel L. , Baker Daniel M. , Wilson Timothy R. , Halliday Vanessa , Lee Matthew J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimMany patients undergoing emergency surgery are malnourished. Identifying malnutrition is a prerequisite to offering targeted nutritional support. Guidelines exist but little is known regarding exactly how surgeons identify malnutrition, or the barriers that influence surgeons' clinical decision‐making. The aim of this work was to explore how consultant surgeons identify malnutrition in emergency general surgery (EGS) patients and the barriers to nutritional assessment and intervention.MethodConsultant surgeons with emergency surgery duties were invited to participate. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted online, audiovisually recorded and transcribed. An inductive approach was used for data analysis using the framework method. Coding and analysis were performed by two independent researchers using NVivo software. Themes were developed and reviewed with the supervising team. Interviews continued until data saturation was reached. Ethical approval was gained prior to interviews.ResultsEighteen interviews were conducted across three hospital settings. Identification of malnutrition consisted of three themes: ‘The surgeon’ (knowledge, experience, planning ahead); ‘The patient’ (selection, composition, clinical progress, operative considerations); and ‘The institution’ (collaboration, extended surgical team). Three themes encompassed barriers experienced: ‘The surgeon’ (understanding, culture, ownership, time constraints); ‘The institution’ (provision, staffing, conflict, hospital setting); and ‘The wider context’ (research, external factors). These influenced clinical decision‐making, which had two themes: ‘To join or not to join’ (risk taking, site of anastomosis) and ‘Nutritional support’ (timing, referral pathways).ConclusionsThe identification and management of malnutrition in EGS is fraught with barriers, impacting operative and clinical decision‐making. Improvements in surgeon education, culture, collaborative working and resources are needed.
Efficacy and safety of 4‐hydroxy 2‐methyl‐N‐(5‐methyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2H‐1, 2‐benzothiazin‐3‐carboxamide 1,1‐dioxide, a fast‐acting meloxicam formulation, on moderate‐to‐severe pain following abdominal surgery: A phase III randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Xiaohua , Zhao Yanhua , Yang Mengchang , Ren Jinghua , Ouyang Wen , Wang Saiying , Shen Yufei , Gao Yuanli , Zhao Ling , Qin Zhong , Cao Jun , Xia Jiangyan , Zhou Hongmei , Zeng Haihua , Li Jiangang , Li Qiongcan , Jiang Haitao , Zhou Ruiren , Yuan Kaiming , Jin Shu’an , Zhang Xuanqiang , Wang Chunhui , Chen Yongquan , Dong Hailong , Lv Jieping , Yu Sen , Jiu Yonghui , Wang Qingsong , Su Diansan , Yu Weifeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract4‐hydroxy 2‐methyl‐N‐(5‐methyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2H‐1, 2‐benzothiazin‐3‐carboxamide 1,1‐dioxide (QP001), a novel long‐lasting meloxicam formulation, may provide adequate postoperative pain relief with a good safety profile. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of QP001 for moderate‐to‐severe pain following abdominal surgery. This multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase III trial recruited patients undergoing abdominal surgery at 23 centers between October 30, 2022, and July 10, 2023. Patients were randomized to a QP001 or placebo group in a 2:1 ratio. Postoperative pain intensity was evaluated using the Numerical Rating Scale. The primary efficacy outcome was the area under curve (AUC) of pain intensity‐time 0–24 h after awakening from anesthesia (AUC0–24). Adverse events and drug reactions were recorded to evaluate safety. A total of 258 patients underwent randomization, and 255 patients received at least one trial drug, including 170 in the QP001 group and 85 in the placebo group. Among these patients, 250 completed the study. The AUC0–24 was significantly lower in the QP001 group than in the placebo group (50.5 vs. 85.19, difference of 34.69 [40.7%], p < 0.0001). This was accompanied by a decrease in morphine use and an increase in patient satisfaction. Moreover, the overall adverse events or adverse drug reaction rates were similar between the QP001 and placebo groups. Among patients undergoing abdominal surgery, postoperative pain was significantly lower in the QP001 group than in the placebo group. QP001 has a great analgesic effect of up to 24 h and satisfactory safety in patients with moderate‐to‐severe abdominal pain.
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Left Ventricular Mechanics and Long‐Term Outcome in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Badran Hala Mahfouz , Helmy John Anis , Ahmed Nagalaa Fahem , Yacoub Magdi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) intensifies the clinical symptoms of heart diseases and leads to a worse prognosis in heart failure patients. Although hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and DM rarely co‐occur, particularly in older individuals, the impact of DM on cardiac function and outcomes in individuals with HCM remains insufficiently understood.MethodsA total of 421 HCM patients were included and followed up in a prospective cohort study (mean 68.7 months). In the diabetic HCM group (n = 47), patients had a mean age of 47 ± 17 years, and 31 (66%) were male, while the non‐diabetic HCM group (n = 374) had a mean age of 44 ± 14 years, and 246 (65%) were male. At study entry, all patients underwent echocardiographic evaluation, encompassing left ventricular (LV) regional and global longitudinal strain (GLS), as well as strain rate (SR) analysis.ResultsIn diabetic HCM, there was a greater prevalence of hypertension (p < 0.0001), while the ratio of septal to posterior wall thickness (PWT) (p < 0.003) and E' value were lower (p < 0.009) compared to non‐diabetic HCM. No significant difference between groups in NYHA class or cardiac phenotype. Diabetic HCM exhibited notable reductions in GLS (p < 0.02), systolic SR (SRsys) (p < 0.04), and early diastolic SR (SRe) p < 0.006. Additionally, there was a significant inverse correlation between LVGLS and HbA1c levels (r = −0.58, p < 0.0001), and the duration of diabetes (r = −0.39, p < 0.006). Hospitalization rates were greater in the diabetic HCM than in the non‐diabetic group (44.7% vs.19.5%, p < 0.001). Among all demographic characteristics, phenotypic data, conventional echocardiographic measurements, and LV mechanics, diabetes emerged as the sole determinant of hospitalization among HCM patients. The presence of diabetes nearly tripled the odds of hospitalization (odds ratio: 2.813 [1.448–5.465], p < 0.002). However, diabetes did not negatively affect long‐term survival, and age remained the only independent predictor of all‐cause mortality.ConclusionsIn HCM, T2DM is linked to more deterioration of cardiac mechanics and contributes to unfavorable consequences by frequent hospitalization on its own, independent of age, comorbidities, or phenotype.
Acoustic Features, Syllable Usage, and Song Rates of Male and Female Songs in a Tropical Island Songbird, the Puerto Rican Oriole
Authors: Moyer Michelle J. , Ocasio Michael D. , Lehnert Emerson F. , Nieves Colón Noelia A. , Osorio Eriberto , Bare Ellie K. , de León Laguna Alberic Ponce , Molake Bukola A. , Costas Sabatier Miguel J. , Evans Brian S. , Morales Pérez Alcides L. , Omland Kevin E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTOur understanding of elaborate signaling behaviors, such as bird song, has been hindered by historical biases towards male animals. Bird song has been shown to serve important functions like defending territories or attracting mates in both males and females, and singing in both sexes is likely the ancestral trait for songbirds. Female song is strongly associated with year‐round territory defense, especially in the tropics. However, more studies of both male and female songs are needed to better understand the selection pressures acting on this elaborate signal trait. The common ancestor of the New World orioles (Icterus) was likely a nonmigratory tropical species, with both males and females singing and defending year‐round territories. The Puerto Rican Oriole (Icterus portoricensis) has these natural history characteristics, but little is known about how each sex uses song in this understudied Caribbean endemic. We found that while male and female songs were significantly different acoustically, they were indistinguishable in the field, and showed no sex‐specific pattern in syllable usage. Males sang at higher rates than females during the dawn chorus, but females sang frequently during the day. Song is likely evolving as a unified trait in this species, reflecting the characteristics of the common ancestor, but may serve different functions for each sex. In the future, playback studies and rate observations throughout the full day and throughout the year will provide additional insight into how males and females of this tropical songbird may be using their songs.
Social Determinants as Mediators of the Emotional State of People With Type 2 Diabetes and/or Hypertension During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Ecuador and Spain
Authors: Sanchís‐Ramón María José , Chilet‐Rosell Elisa , Peralta Andrés , Puig‐García Marta , Rivadeneira María Fernanda , Caicedo Cintia , Benazizi‐Dahbi Ikram , Lumbreras Blanca , Nicols Montse , Cebrián Ana , Ricart Wifredo , Lopez‐Miras Ester , Parker Lucy A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe aimed to explore the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the resulting restrictions on the emotional state of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or hypertension in Ecuador and Spain. Given the differences in sociopolitical and socioeconomic contexts between these two countries, the research focused on how these diverse environments and their management of social policies and pandemic strategies influenced the emotional well‐being of individuals with chronic illnesses.MethodsWe conducted 36 semi‐structured telephone interviews between August and December 2020 with adults diagnosed with T2DM and/or hypertension (19 in Ecuador, 17 in Spain). The interviews were recorded, anonymized and transcribed for thematic analysis. This approach allowed us to systematically identify and analyse themes related to the participants' emotional experiences during the pandemic.ResultsThe results revealed a significant deterioration in the emotional state of participants, attributable to the stress generated by the health crisis and concerns related to their chronic illnesses. The situation elicited a range of emotions among participants, from boredom and apathy to fear, uncertainty and depression. The study highlighted how the impact on emotional well‐being was shaped by the interplay between conjunctural determinants (measures to control COVID‐19 infections) and structural factors driving inequalities (social class, gender, ethnicity).ConclusionWe developed a conceptual framework illustrating how measures to control COVID‐19 infections directly influenced economic, health and social determinants, which interacted with pre‐existing inequalities and had a differential impact on individuals' emotional well‐being. This framework can be useful for designing more effective and equitable social policies during future health crises, ensuring they address social needs and safeguard psychological and emotional well‐being, particularly among vulnerable groups such as those with chronic illnesses.Patient and Public ContributionThirty‐six participants diagnosed with T2DM and/or hypertension (19 in Ecuador, 17 in Spain) contributed to the study by sharing their emotional experiences during the pandemic. Their detailed accounts enriched the research by providing valuable insights into how the pandemic affected their emotional well‐being. There was no additional involvement or contribution from the public in the design, conduct, analysis or interpretation of the study, nor in the preparation of the manuscript.
Lock‐In Effects in Online Labor Markets
Authors: Ciotti Fabrizio , Hornuf Lars , Stenzhorn Eliza 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTOnline platforms that implement reputation mechanisms typically prevent the transfer of ratings to other platforms, leading to lock‐in effects and high switching costs for users. Platforms are able to capitalize on this arrangement, for example, by charging their users higher fees. In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the effects of platform pricing on workers' switching behavior in online labor markets and analyze whether a policy regime with reputation portability could mitigate lock‐in effects and reduce the likelihood of worker capitalization by the platform. We examine switching motives in depth, differentiating between monetary motives and fairness preferences. We provide theoretical evidence for the existence of switching costs if reputation mechanisms are platform‐specific. Our model predicts that reputation portability lowers switching costs, eliminating the possibility for platforms to capitalize on lock‐in effects. We test our predictions using an online lab‐in‐the‐field experiment. The results are in line with our theoretical model and show that platforms can capitalize on lock‐in effects more effectively in a policy regime without reputation portability. We also find that reputation portability has a positive impact on worker mobility and the wages of highly rated workers. The data further show that the switching of workers is primarily driven by monetary motives, but perceiving the platform fee as unfair also plays a significant role for workers.
Drivers of consumption of plant‐based meat alternatives and their nutritional contributions: A mixed methods approach
Authors: Cooper Deborah , Craddock Joel C. , Beck Eleanor J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundPlant‐based meat alternatives (PBMA) are considered an alternative to animal products. We aimed to understand the patterns and drivers of consumption of PBMA and their nutritional contributions using dietary modelling, whilst also considering the relevance of processing.MethodsThis study used a mixed methods exploratory sequential approach. Semistructured online interviews (n = 19) with consumers and nonconsumers of PBMA were conducted. Thematic analysis of interviews considered drivers of PBMA consumption, with content used to develop personas to represent key concepts driving incorporation (or lack of intake) into dietary patterns. Diets were modelled for personas, based on recommended and typical population intake and with variations in processed foods based on the Nova food classification system, including PBMA. Diets were analysed against nutrient reference values.ResultsThe main drivers of PBMA consumption were animal welfare, health improvement and environmental concerns. Convenience, cost, taste, processing and thoughts that the nutritional value of PBMA was lesser than meats were all described. Six personas were identified from the interview content. The three most disparate personas (age, dietary pattern and nutrient requirements) were used for dietary modelling. Nutrient analyses showed diets predominantly meeting reference values, with deficiencies more likely when modelled on food choices typical of population intake and diets excluding processed foods.ConclusionsThis study found that PBMA may have beneficial nutritional qualities such as lower saturated fat and higher dietary fibre when compared to their meat equivalents. PBMA may have a place in a healthy diet, whilst alleviating animal welfare and environmental concerns which were identified as key drivers of consumption.
The effect of temperature on rates of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release by the kelp Ecklonia radiata (phylum Ochrophyta): Implications for the future coastal ocean carbon cycle
Authors: Bennett Eloise , Paine Ellie R. , Britton Damon , Schwoerbel Jakop , Hurd Catriona L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDissolved organic carbon (DOC) released by macroalgae is an intrinsic component of the coastal ocean carbon cycle, yet knowledge of how future ocean warming may influence this is limited. Temperature is one of the primary abiotic regulators of macroalgal physiology, but there is minimal understanding of how it influences the magnitude and mechanisms of DOC release. To investigate this, we examined the effect of a range of temperatures on DOC release rates and physiological traits of Ecklonia radiata, the most abundant and widespread kelp in Australia that represents a potentially significant contribution to coastal ocean carbon cycling. Juvenile sporophytes were incubated at eight temperatures (4–28°C) for 14 days, after which time, DOC concentrations and physiological traits (growth, photosynthesis, respiration, Fv/Fm, photosynthetic pigment content, and carbon, and nitrogen content) were analyzed using thermal performance curves (TPCs) or regression analyses. Thermal optima were 15.63°C for growth and 25.84°C for photosynthesis, highlighting vulnerability to future ocean warming. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations increased when the temperature was above ~22°C, being greatest at the highest temperature tested (28°C), which was likely driven by photosynthetic overflow and thermal stress. Mean Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll, and total fucoxanthin content were lowest at 28°C. The C:N ratio of blades increased linearly with temperature from 23.9 ± 1.30 at 4°C to 33.0 ± 1.22 at 28°C. We demonstrate increased DOC release by E. radiata under elevated seawater temperatures and discuss potential implications for coastal carbon cycling under future ocean warming given the complex and uncertain fate of macroalgal DOC in the marine environment.