bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vacancies and spin–phonon coupling in CrSi0.8Ge0.1Te3
Authors: Milosavljević Ana , Šolajić Andrijana , Višić Bojana , Opačić Marko , Pešić Jelena , Liu Yu , Petrovic Cedomir , Popović Zoran V. , Lazarević Nenad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report temperature‐dependent Raman scattering and magnetization studies of van der Waals ferromagnetic compound CrSi0.8Ge0.1Te3. Magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed dominant ferromagnetic interactions below TC which shift to the lower values due to the presence of vacancies. A Raman active mode, additional to the ones predicted by symmetry in the parent compounds, has been observed. This Ag symmetry mode most likely emerges as a consequence of the atomic vacancies on Si/Ge site. Presence of the strong spin–phonon coupling at temperature around 210 K is indicated by deviations from conventional phonon self‐energy temperature dependence of all analysed modes.
Pickering emulsions stabilized by luteolin micro‐nano particles to improve the oxidative stability of pine nut oil
Authors: Wang Lu , Lu Shengmin , Deng Yiping , Wu Weiwei , Wang Li , Liu Yanjie , Zu Yuangang , Zhao Xiuhua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPine oil contains a high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which make it prone to oxidation. Luteolin (LUT) micro‐nano particles with antioxidant properties can be used as stabilizers to form an edible oil‐in‐water Pickering emulsion to improve the oxidative stability of pine nut oil.RESULTSUnder optimal preparation conditions, the LUT micro‐nano particles and pine nut oil account for about 0.44 and 90.9 g·kg−1 of the total mass of the emulsion, respectively. The LUT particles in the suspension have a mean particle size of about 479 nm, present a sheet‐like structure with a cut surface of 30–50 nm, and can reduce the surface tension of deionized water. In the optimized Pickering emulsion, the emulsion droplets are approximately spherical and have a mean diameter of about 125.6 nm and uniform distribution. The optimized Pickering emulsion droplets can remain stable for up to 2 h in an environment where the pH levels are 7–8.5, ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) irradiation, of less than 5.0 g·kg−1, and at a temperature of 80 °C. The stability of the emulsion in simulated digestive fluid changed minimally. In the first 7 days of the accelerated oxidation experiment, LUT micro‐nano particles not only successfully protected the integrity of emulsion droplets but also fully inhibited the peroxidation of pine oil.CONCLUSIONThe strong antioxidant properties of LUT micro‐nano particles, and the dense protective layer they formed, stabilized the Pickering emulsion successfully. The particles also improved the oxidation stability of pine nut oil. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Ecological Discord and the Importance of Scale in Scientific Inquiry
Authors: Hernández Fidel 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTScale is widely recognized today as an important concept in ecology because the scale of investigation determines the patterns and processes that can be observed. Ecological investigations can produce different outcomes depending on the scale at which observations are made, and ecological disagreements have occurred simply because investigators addressed the same question using different scales. Here I draw on quail research to illustrate the importance of scale in ecological studies and how lack of scale consideration can lead to discord. I use northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) as the focal species and discuss 2 areas of investigation (woody‐cover requirements and influence of rainfall) that are characterized by confusion and disagreement but where consideration of scale brings clarity. In the process, I discover 2 formerly unrecognized patterns: northern bobwhite use of woody cover is inversely related with spatial extent of observation, and the influence of rainfall on northern bobwhite abundance decreases with decreasing spatial extent. In both cases, consideration of scale clarifies muddled knowledge and creates a unified framework for management. Future ecological investigations should formulate research questions within a scale framework, provide an explicit statement of scale in methods, and interpret findings within a scale context to help advance wildlife science and management. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Functional Results and Learning Curve of Endoscopic Stapes Surgery: A 10‐Year Experience
Authors: Lucidi Daniela , Molinari Giulia , Reale Marella , Alicandri‐Ciufelli Matteo , Presutti Livio 
Published: August 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess hearing outcomes and complications of endoscopic stapes surgery by a single surgeon in a 10‐year period, to compare these data with conventional microscopic procedures by the same operator, and to describe the learning curve of endoscopic stapedotomy.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsThis is a retrospective study on patients who underwent endoscopic stapes surgery performed by the same senior surgeon, experienced both in microscopic and endoscopic techniques, between January 2009 and December 2018. Audiological data were compared, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were collected. The surgeon's last 30 cases of microscopic stapedotomy were enrolled as the control group. The results of the first 100 endoscopic stapes surgeries were analyzed separately to create a cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart for learning curve assessment.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐eight endoscopic and 30 microscopic stapes surgeries were included. In the endoscopic group, the mean postoperative air–bone gap was 8.2 dB. No significant differences between the endoscopic and microscopic preoperative and postoperative values were reported. A total of eight complications (4.5%) were observed in the endoscopic cohort, although in the control group, no complication occurred. The mean surgical time was 51.9 minutes in the endoscopic group versus 48.2 minutes in the microscopic group (P > .05). No association between stapedotomy success and the increasing number of procedures was found.ConclusionsOur article demonstrates that functional results from endoscopic stapes surgery are similar to those from microscopic stapes surgery in terms of both safety and efficacy. After gaining endoscopic experience, the surgical duration of stapes surgery will be adequate starting from the first cases.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:885–891, 2021
Organic vs. Inorganic Tracheobronchial Airway Foreign Body Aspiration: Does Type/Duration Matter?
Authors: Hughes Charlotte K. , Christensen Christine L. , Maturo Stephen C. , O'Connor Peter R. , Dion Gregory R. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveWe sought to determine the time course of clinical and histologic differences between aspirated inorganic and organic foreign bodies.Study DesignIn‐vivo.MethodsTwenty Sinclair miniature swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) were divided into two groups—inorganic or organic foreign bodies. Either an organic (peanut) or an inorganic (Lego) foreign body was placed within a bronchus and left for 3, 5, 7, 14 or 21 days. The airway was reassessed at the predetermined endpoint at which time endoscopic, gross, and histopathological findings were documented. Specimens were scored with a pathologic scoring system to assess injury severity from the foreign body.ResultsForeign bodies were successfully placed in all 20 swine. Two animals required early euthanasia due to respiratory compromise. The foreign body was identified grossly in eight (40%) animals. An additional three (15%) had microscopic evidence suggestive of a previous foreign body of an undetermined duration. There was no difference in injury severity between organic and inorganic foreign bodies. The 3‐day group had injuries limited to the bronchial lining, whereas the longer duration groups had bronchial and adjacent lung parenchymal involvement. There was no difference in injury severity between days 5 and 21.ConclusionsAirway foreign bodies initially cause bronchial damage. After 5 days, the foreign body causes lung parenchymal changes. There was no difference in airway lesion severity between organic and inorganic foreign bodies.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 131:490–495, 2021
Actin‐Associated Gene Expression is Associated with Early Regional Metastasis of Tongue Cancer
Authors: Lee Doh Young , Kang Young , Im Nu‐Ri , Kim Byoungjae , Kwon Tack‐Kyun , Jung Kwang‐Yoon , Baek Seung‐Kuk 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesWe aimed to analyze gene expression profile of tongue cancer associated with early lymph node metastasis using the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data.Study designBasic research.MethodsA total of 515 patients with matched RNAseq data of primary tumor and clinical data from TCGA data were extracted. To compare gene expression profile between early T‐stage tongue cancer with cervical lymph node metastasis and late T‐stage tongue cancer without cervical metastasis, genomic data of following two groups was assessed; 1) group 1: T1/2 and N2/3 (n = 41), 2) group 2: T4 and N0 (n = 65). Using R and limma package in bioconductor program, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the DAVID online tool. FFPE tissue of 285 patients were evaluated for the validation of relevant genes by imunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemical (IHC) stain.ResultsA total of 225 DEGs were found, and 50 genes were highly significant with absolute fold change over eight. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that most of the upregulated genes were associated with actin cytoskeleton and included following genes: ANKRD23, NO3, PDLIM3, MUSTN1, TNNT3, MYBPC1, MB, MYH3, TTN, ACTA1, and ACTC1. When comparing tongue cancer with cN0pN0 vs. pN0pN+ using the total tongue cancer cohort of TCGA, ACTA1 was the only parameter which was associated with hidden lymph node metastasis in T1/2 (P = .019). Perineural invasion was significantly associated with high expression of ACTA1 (P < .001). IF and IHC analysis revealed that actin was overexpressed, while E‐cadherin and N‐cadherin were not significantly different.ConclusionsActin associated genes, especially overexpression of ACTA1 may be associated with early regional metastasis of tongue cancer.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:813–819, 2021
Reducing Aerosolized Particles and Droplet Spread in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery during COVID‐19
Authors: Jones Huw A. S. , Salib Rami J. , Harries Philip G. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThe presence of high SARS‐Cov‐2 viral loads in the upper airway, including the potential for aerosolized transmission of viral particles, has generated significant concern amongst otolaryngologists worldwide, particularly those performing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). We evaluated a simple negative‐pressure mask technique to reduce viral exposure.MethodsTwo models simulating respiratory droplets >5–10 μm and fine respiratory nuclei <5 μm using fluorescein dye and wood smoke, respectively, were utilized in a fixed cadaveric study in a controlled environment. Using ultraviolet light, fluorescein droplet spread was assessed during simulated ESS with powered microdebrider and powered drilling. Wood smoke ejection was used to evaluate fine particulate escape from a negative‐pressure mask using digital subtraction image processing.ResultsThe use of a negative‐pressure mask technique resulted in 98% reduction in the fine particulate aerosol simulation and eliminated larger respiratory droplet spread during simulated ESS, including during external drill activation.ConclusionsAs global ear, nose & throat (ENT) services resume routine elective operating, we demonstrate the potential use of a simple negative‐pressure mask technique to reduce the risk of viral exposure for the operator and theatre staff during ESS.Level of Evidence5 Laryngoscope, 131:956–960, 2021
Fractional Microablative CO2 Laser‐Related Histological Changes on Vulvar Tissue in Patients With Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause
Authors: Pagano Tiziana , Travaglino Antonio , Raffone Antonio , Vallone Roberta , Buonfantino Cira , De Rosa Pasquale , Locci Mariavittoria , Guadagno Elia , Insabato Luigi , Salvatore Stefano , De Placido Giuseppe 
Published: August 2020

Background and ObjectivesFractional CO2 laser has been proposed as an effective treatment for the genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). However, the effects of laser treatment on vulvar tissue have never been assessed. We aimed to assess histological changes related to fractional CO2 laser in vulvar tissue from GSM patients.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA single‐center observational prospective cohort study was performed enrolling all GSM patients from July 2017 to October 2018. Patients underwent three outpatient vulvovaginal applications of fractional CO2 laser and vulvar biopsy before and after treatment. Rates of histological changes in vulvar tissue, the difference in means of Vulva Health Index (VuHI), Vaginal Health Index (VHI), Visual Analogue Scale scores for GSM symptoms, and procedure‐related pain, and rate of patient's overall satisfaction with treatment were assessed. Univariate comparisons between continuous variables were performed by using the paired t‐test (α error = 0.05).ResultsOf 20 enrolled patients, 18 underwent all laser applications, and 15 underwent both vulvar biopsies. 93.3% of patients showed remodeling of vulvar connective tissue; 80% showed improvement in vulvar epithelium trophism and 86.7% showed neovascularization. Differences in means between before and after treatment were significant for VuHI, VHI, and all GSM symptoms. Means ± standard deviation of the degree of pain at each laser application were 4.4 ± 0.9, 3.7 ± 1.6, and 2.9 ± 1.9. The rate of overall satisfaction with the treatment was 72.2%.ConclusionsFractional CO2 laser leads to a restoration of the normal architecture of vulvar tissue, with significant improvement in GSM‐related signs and symptoms, and overall satisfaction with the treatment in most GSM patients. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Validation of Serum Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker of Parkinson's Disease Progression
Authors: Mollenhauer Brit , Dakna Mohammed , Kruse Niels , Galasko Douglas , Foroud Tatiana , Zetterberg Henrik , Schade Sebastian , Gera Roland G. , Wang Wenting , Gao Feng , Frasier Mark , Chahine Lana M. , Coffey Christopher S. , Singleton Andrew B. , Simuni Tanya , Weintraub Daniel , Seibyl John , Toga Arthur W. , Tanner Caroline M. , Kieburtz Karl , Marek Kenneth , Siderowf Andrew , Cedarbaum Jesse M. , Hutten Samantha J. , Trenkwalder Claudia , Graham Danielle 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to assess neurofilament light chain as a Parkinson's disease biomarker.MethodsWe quantified neurofilament light chain in 2 independent cohorts: (1) longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid samples from the longitudinal de novo Parkinson's disease cohort and (2) a large longitudinal cohort with serum samples from Parkinson's disease, other cognate/neurodegenerative disorders, healthy controls, prodromal conditions, and mutation carriers.ResultsIn the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative cohort, mean baseline serum neurofilament light chain was higher in Parkinson's disease patients (13 ± 7.2 pg/mL) than in controls (12 ± 6.7 pg/mL), P = 0.0336. Serum neurofilament light chain increased longitudinally in Parkinson's disease patients versus controls (P < 0.01). Motor scores were positively associated with neurofilament light chain, whereas some cognitive scores showed a negative association.ConclusionsNeurofilament light chain in serum samples is increased in Parkinson's disease patients versus healthy controls, increases over time and with age, and correlates with clinical measures of Parkinson's disease severity. Although the specificity of neurofilament light chain for Parkinson's disease is low, it is the first blood‐based biomarker candidate that could support disease stratification of Parkinson's disease versus other cognate/neurodegenerative disorders, track clinical progression, and possibly assess responsiveness to neuroprotective treatments. However, use of neurofilament light chain as a biomarker of response to neuroprotective interventions remains to be assessed. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Analysis of rare variants of autosomal‐dominant genes in a Chinese population with sporadic Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Zheng Ran , Jin Chong‐Yao , Chen Ying , Ruan Yang , Gao Ting , Lin Zhi‐Hao , Dong Jia‐Xian , Yan Ya‐Ping , Tian Jun , Pu Jia‐Li , Zhang Bao‐Rong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo date, several studies have suggested that genes involved in monogenic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) contribute to unrelated sporadic cases, but there is limited evidence in the Chinese population.MethodsWe performed a systematic analysis of 12 autosomal‐dominant PD (AD‐PD) genes (SNCA, LRRK2, GIGYF2, VPS35, EIF4G1, DNAJC13, CHCHD2, HTRA2, NR4A2, RIC3, TMEM230, and UCHL1) using panel sequencing and database filtration in a case‐control study of a cohort of 391 Chinese sporadic PD patients and unrelated controls. We evaluated the association between candidate variants and sporadic PD using gene‐based analysis.ResultsOverall, 18 rare variants were discovered in 18.8% (36/191) of the index patients. In addition to previously reported pathogenic mutations (LRRK2 p.Arg1441His and p.Ala419Val), another four unknown variants were found in LRRK2, which also contribute to PD risk (p = 0.002; odds ratio (OR) = 7.83, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.76–34.93). The cumulative frequency of undetermined rare variants was significantly higher in PD patients (14.1%) than in controls (3.5%) (p = 0.0002; OR=4.54, 95% CI = 1.93‐10.69).ConclusionOur results confirm the strong impact of LRRK2 on the risk of sporadic PD, and also provide considerable evidence of the existence of additional undetermined rare variants in AD‐PD genes that contribute to the genetic etiology of sporadic PD in a Chinese cohort.
Terahertz refractive index sensor with high sensitivity based on two‐core photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Mishra Gyan Prakash , Kumar Dharmendra , Chaudhary Vijay Shanker , Sharma Sneha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article contributes a highly sensitive novel refractive index (RI) sensor based on two‐core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed in the terahertz (THz) frequency regime. The sensing performance of the proposed RI sensor is based on the mode‐coupling theory. Two vertical cores of the PCF divided by the central air hole, act as two separate waveguides. The analyte whose refractive index being sensed is filled in the central air hole of the PCF. A full‐vector finite element method (FEM) approach is used to investigate the sensor. Numerical data reveal that the sensitivities of the proposed PCF are 672 600, 940480, 1035300, 1332200, and 1 827 300 nm/RIU for the RI sensing range of analyte from 1.30 to 1.33, 1.34 to 1.37, 1.38 to 1.40, 1.41 to 1.43, and 1.44 to 1.46, respectively. This indicates that the proposed RI sensor is highly sensitive to the refractive index of the analyte.
Highly efficient 5.8‐GHz class E−1 frequency doubler using a transmission‐line‐based notch filter
Authors: Shin Dong‐Jun , Choi Ui‐Gyu , Oh Juntaek , Yang Jong‐Ryul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn inverse class E frequency doubler is proposed to improve power conversion efficiency by using a transmission‐line‐based notch filter. The notch filter implemented using a transmission line is used at the output network in the doubler to suppress both fundamental and high‐order harmonic signals by a switching‐mode operation. A fourth harmonic signal is also reduced by using the quarter‐wavelength transmission line at the output network. Two frequency doublers with the proposed output network are optimized at different input power values and implemented on an FR4 PCB. In the measurement results, the doubler optimized at a low driving power shows a power conversion efficiency of 26.3% and an output power of 11.2 dBm for an input power of 11.5 dBm. The signal rejection levels of the low‐power optimized doubler power are −32, −40.1, and −31.7 dBc at the fundamental frequency, third harmonics, and fourth harmonics, respectively. The doubler optimized at a high driving power shows a power conversion efficiency of 24.6%, an output power of 13.7 dBm, and a signal rejection of less than −29.8 dBc, respectively.
Wideband circularly polarized antenna for dual‐band operation
Authors: Sung Y. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a wideband antenna with circular polarization (CP) characteristics in two different bands. The proposed antenna consists of two radiator elements on the top layer of the substrate and a feeding structure on the bottom layer of the substrate. A square wide slot with 45° rotation achieves low resonant frequency. High resonant frequency is formed by a square patch implemented in a square slot. To obtain CP characteristics in the low‐frequency band, a pair of opposite edges of the ground plane/substrate is cut off. By applying a pair of slits to the diagonal part of the patch antenna, good CP performance can be obtained in the high‐frequency band. The measured 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidths are 11% and 10.4% in two different bands, respectively. Right‐handed CP (RHCP) characteristics are exhibited in both bands; these measurements are congruent with the simulated data.
The Saudi National Mental Health Survey: Sample design and weight development
Authors: Mneimneh Zeina N. , Heeringa Steven G. , Lin Yu‐Chieh , Altwaijri Yasmin A. , Nishimura Raphael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the sample design and weighting procedures used in the Saudi National Mental Health Survey (SNMHS).MethodsA multistage clustered area probability design was used to select the SNMHS sample with one male and one female KSA citizen ages 15–65 surveyed in each sample household.ResultsA design representative of the household population was developed and modified iteratively to adjust for unanticipated field complications. These modifications, along with variation in within‐household probabilities of selection and geographic–demographic variation in response rates were accounted for through survey weights. Design‐based estimation methods were used to adjust for the effects of these weights and of geographic clustering. Design effects were estimated and simulations were carried out on bias‐variancetrade‐offs in weight trimming to evaluate the implication of design features for precision of estimates.ConclusionsThe multiple purposes of the survey will require the use of different weights for different types of analyses, including household and person weights as well as weights for proxy reports about household members whose disabilities prevented them from participating in the survey. It will be important to use these different weights appropriately in the diverse analyses that will be undertaken with the SNMHS data.