bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Conceptual and Theoretical Scholarship in Understanding Research in Digital Learning
Authors: West Richard 
Published: October 2020

The goal of research is to understand our world and the people in it. This understanding comes through a variety of methods and strategies that each uncover a different layer of knowledge that can contribute to this overall understanding. As researchers, we are much like a young child seeking to understand their surroundings by first touching a new toy, then lifting it, then shaking it, then even tasting it! Each of these strategies tells the child a little more about the object.
Similarly, as we seek to understand and influence our world, we need the knowledge gained from a wide variety of scholarly methods.
The articles that make up this special issue are intended to bring that mission and goal closer together.
Avoir conscience de l’internormativité : contribution à l’étude de la conscience du droit en contexte pluraliste
Authors: Lavoie Bertrand 
Published: October 2020

La diversification des populations dans les sociétés occidentales modernes contribue à accélérer de manière importante l’entrecroisement des normes de différentes natures. Les chercheurs intéressés à l’étude sociale du droit ont étudié ces transformations en mobilisant notamment l’hypothèse du pluralisme juridique. Cette hypothèse conceptualise le droit comme n’étant pas seulement un objet relevant de la sphère étatique et permet ainsi l’étude des phénomènes d’internormativité, soit les interfaces entre des normes provenant d’ordres normatifs différents. Depuis les années 1990, on note la popularité du concept de conscience du droit (« legal consciousness »), discuté notamment à la suite de la parution de l’ouvrage The Common Place of Law (1998) de Patricia Ewick et Susan Silbey, lequel permet d’étudier les perceptions et les interprétations personnelles du droit. Cependant, les études portant sur la conscience du droit, par ailleurs plutôt rares dans le monde francophone, peinent à rendre compte des situations quotidiennes où les individus interprètent des normes provenant de différents ordres normatifs, ce qui s’avère pourtant nécessaire dans le contexte pluraliste de la modernité tardive. En clair, le concept de conscience du droit s’intéresse beaucoup à la conscience du droit (le droit de l’État), négligeant par là la conscience internormative. L’objectif principal de cet article est de répondre à ce manque au sein de la littérature en théorie et en sociologie du droit. Nous voulons améliorer, dans une perspective sociojuridique, la compréhension des rapports que les individus entretiennent avec des normes provenant de différents ordres normatifs. Nous proposons une conceptualisation qui permet de combiner les savoirs liés au pluralisme juridique et à l’internormativité, d’une part, et ceux entourant le concept de conscience du droit, d’autre part. Afin d’y parvenir, nous proposons et défendons dans cet article la pertinence de la conceptualisation de la conscience internormative des individus afin de mieux comprendre leurs rapports complexes à la normativité en contexte pluraliste. En contribuant à la conceptualisation de la conscience de l’internormativité, nous défendons l’importance d’éviter le piège conceptuel consistant à penser que les individus sont forcément dominés ou déterminés par les structures normatives, et que l’interférence entre les normes ne se présenterait ainsi à eux que sous la forme d’un conflit dont la résolution ne serait que tragique pour le sujet porteur de normativités.
Children’s sense-making through exploration
Authors: Søyland Lovise 
Published: October 2020

A child’s sense-making is grounded in his or her bodily interactions with the environment and tied to the body’s sensory experience. Digital technologies are being introduced into children’s learning environments and they experience virtual materialities to a greater extent now ever before. This study aimed to uncover how young children make sense of the world through explorative touch interactions with physical and virtual materialities. Children’s sense-making was studied through an explorative inquiry that was supported by video documentation. This article discusses how the combination of materials, digital technologies and experiences of different materialities offers new opportunities for explorative interaction, transforming and shaping children’s experience of the world through joint sensemaking. It also identifies how children’s past experience of material touch is important for them in their process of grasping virtual materiality.
Keywords:sense-making, touch interaction, virtual materiality, arts and crafts education, embodied cognition
Impostor phenomenon among US chiropractic students
Authors: Kimball Kelly A. , Roecker Christopher B. , Hoyt Katie 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveImpostor phenomenon is expressed by feelings of self-doubt and the belief that one is unintelligent. The purpose of this research was to describe the prevalence of impostor phenomenon among students enrolled in a doctor of chiropractic program and to evaluate for any differences in the rates of impostor phenomenon between males and females.MethodsWe performed an anonymous cross-sectional, online survey of all students enrolled in the doctor of chiropractic program at 2 campuses of 1 chiropractic college. We reported the point prevalence of impostor phenomenon and used χ2 to evaluate the differences in impostor phenomenon among males and females. We also evaluated for between-group differences for 4 other demographic factors believed to influence impostor phenomenon.ResultsWe received 406 survey responses (34% response rate). Impostor phenomenon was reported in 39% of students responding to our survey. Approximately 46% of all females and 32% of all males met the criteria for impostor phenomenon, and females had significantly higher rates of impostor phenomenon (p = .005). The following variables were not associated with impostor phenomenon: year in which students were enrolled; marital status; whether chiropractic was their first career; and type of clinical experience the student encountered.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that over a third of students enrolled in a doctor of chiropractic program met the criteria for impostor phenomenon, and females were significantly more likely to experience impostor phenomenon. The results from this survey are similar to those reported in other healthcare educational settings.
Awareness and Knowledge of Breast Cancer Screening Methods among Women in Al-Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Yaghmour Khaled A. , Alamri Safa J. , Alfaqeh Rehab H. , Alnashri Layla M. , Alamri Basma J. , Makin Manar A. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women in Saudi Arabia. Screening helps in early detection and prompt treatment of breast cancer, leading to a better prognosis. Lack of knowledge and awareness of its screening methods can lead to bad outcomes. So far, little is known of women’s knowledge of breast cancer screening. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of breast cancer screening among Saudi women in Al-Qunfudah.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including 203 adult Saudi women aged 18 years and above. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from Saudi women in Al-Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia in 2019. The data were entered and statistically analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: Findings revealed that all the participants in this study heard of breast cancer, and their awareness of breast self-examination was high (93.6%). Awareness levels were lower concerning clinical breast examination (63.1%) and mammography (65.5%). However, only 43.3% correctly practiced breast self-examination, and 5.9% had ever heard of a mammogram. Knowledge of breast cancer screening with mammography screening was significantly related to participant age (P=0.04), marital status (P=0.008), and occupation (P=0.04). Furthermore, the relation between participants who underwent mammography and age was significant (P=0.001).
Conclusion: Our data indicate that the knowledge, awareness, and practices were insufficient, and educational interventions are required in Al-Qunfudah to encourage young women to practice screening for early detection.
Solid‐State Electrolyte Design for Lithium Dendrite Suppression
Authors: Ji Xiao , Hou Singyuk , Wang Pengfei , He Xinzi , Piao Nan , Chen Ji , Fan Xiulin , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAll‐solid‐state Li metal batteries have attracted extensive attention due to their high safety and high energy density. However, Li dendrite growth in solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) still hinders their application. Current efforts mainly aim to reduce the interfacial resistance, neglecting the intrinsic dendrite‐suppression capability of SSEs. Herein, the mechanism for the formation of Li dendrites is investigated, and Li‐dendrite‐free SSE criteria are reported. To achieve a high dendrite‐suppression capability, SSEs should be thermodynamically stable with a high interface energy against Li, and they should have a low electronic conductivity and a high ionic conductivity. A cold‐pressed Li3N–LiF composite is used to validate the Li‐dendrite‐free design criteria, where the highly ionic conductive Li3N reduces the Li plating/stripping overpotential, and LiF with high interface energy suppresses dendrites by enhancing the nucleation energy and suppressing the Li penetration into the SSEs. The Li3N–LiF layer coating on Li3PS4 SSE achieves a record‐high critical current of >6 mA cm−2 even at a high capacity of 6.0 mAh cm−2. The Coulombic efficiency also reaches a record 99% in 150 cycles. The Li3N–LiF/Li3PS4 SSE enables LiCoO2 cathodes to achieve 101.6 mAh g−1 for 50 cycles. The design principle opens a new opportunity to develop high‐energy all‐solid‐state Li metal batteries.
The Power of Nature‐Based Solutions: How Peatlands Can Help Us to Achieve Key EU Sustainability Objectives
Authors: Tanneberger Franziska , Appulo Lea , Ewert Stefan , Lakner Sebastian , Ó Brolcháin Niall , Peters Jan , Wichtmann Wendelin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPeatlands are lands with a peat layer at the surface, containing a large proportion of organic carbon. Such lands cover ≈1 000 000 km2 in Europe, which is almost 10% of the total surface area. In many countries, peatlands have been artificially drained over centuries, leading to not only enormous emissions of CO2 but also soil subsidence, mobilization of nutrients, higher flood risks, and loss of biodiversity. These problems can largely be solved by stopping drainage and rewetting the land. Wet peatlands do not release CO2, can potentially sequester carbon, help to improve water quality, provide habitat for rare and threatened biodiversity, and can still be used for production of biomass (“paludiculture”). Wisely adjusted land use on peatlands can substantially contribute to low‐emission goals and further benefits for farmers, the economy, society, and the environment.
Promoting Ge Alloying Reaction via Heterostructure Engineering for High Efficient and Ultra‐Stable Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Shang Chaoqun , Hu Le , Luo Dan , Kempa Krzysztof , Zhang Yongguang , Zhou Guofu , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGermanium (Ge)‐based materials have been considered as potential anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries owing to their high theoretical specific capacity. However, the poor conductivity and Na+ diffusivity of Ge‐based materials result in retardant ion/electron transportation and insufficient sodium storage efficiency, leading to sluggish reaction kinetics. To intrinsically maximize the sodium storage capability of Ge, the nitrogen doped carbon‐coated Cu3Ge/Ge heterostructure material (Cu3Ge/Ge@N‐C) is developed for enhanced sodium storage. The pod‐like structure of Cu3Ge/Ge@N‐C exposes numerous active surface to shorten ion transportation pathway while the uniform encapsulation of carbon shell improves the electron transportation, leading to enhanced reaction kinetics. Theoretical calculation reveals that Cu3Ge/Ge heterostructure can offer decent electron conduction and lower the Na+ diffusion barrier, which further promotes Ge alloying reaction and improves its sodium storage capability close to its theoretical value. In addition, the uniform encapsulation of nitrogen‐doped carbon on Cu3Ge/Ge heterostructure material efficiently alleviates its volume expansion and prevents its decomposition, further ensuring its structural integrity upon cycling. Attributed to these unique superiorities, the as‐prepared Cu3Ge/Ge@N‐C electrode demonstrates admirable discharge capacity, outstanding rate capability and prolonged cycle lifespan (178 mAh g−1 at 4.0 A g−1 after 4000 cycles).
Resistive Switching in Individual Co/ZnO Core/Shell Nanoparticles Formed via Inert Gas Condensation and Selective Oxidation
Authors: Ahmadi Zahra , Lu Haidong , Mukherjee Pinaki , Koten Mark , Gruverman Alexei , Shield Jeffrey E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMagnetron sputtering inert gas condensation is used to produce core/shell Co/ZnO nanoparticles. Selective oxidation to form the core/shell nanoparticles is accomplished both during nanoparticle formation (“in situ”) and with exposure to ambient conditions (“ex situ”). The ZnO formed in situ shows single‐crystalline nature with specific orientation relationships with the Co core, while the ZnO formed ex situ is polycrystalline. Conductive atomic force microscopy is utilized to measure the electrical behavior of individual nanoparticles, and both types of core/shell nanoparticles display classic bipolar resistive switching behavior. These results highlight potential application of these nanoparticles as promising next generation nonvolatile memories and neuromorphic computational devices.
Understanding Charge Transport in High‐Mobility p‐Doped Multicomponent Blend Organic Transistors
Authors: Scaccabarozzi Alberto D. , Scuratti Francesca , Barker Alex J. , Basu Aniruddha , Paterson Alexandra F. , Fei Zhuping , Solomeshch Olga , Petrozza Annamaria , Tessler Nir , Heeney Martin , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Caironi Mario 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe use of ternary systems comprising polymers, small molecules, and molecular dopants represents a promising approach for the development of high‐mobility, solution‐processed organic transistors. However, the current understanding of the charge transport in these complex systems, and particularly the role of molecular doping, is rather limited. Here, the role of the individual components in enhancing hole transport in the best‐performing ternary blend systems comprising the small molecule 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (C8‐BTBT), the conjugated polymer indacenodithiophene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole (C16IDT‐BT), and the molecular p‐type dopant (C60F48) is investigated. Temperature‐dependent charge transport measurements reveal different charge transport regimes depending on the blend composition, crossing from a thermally activated to a band‐like behavior. Using the charge‐modulation spectroscopy technique, it is shown that in the case of the pristine blend, holes relax onto the conjugated polymer phase where shallow traps dominate carrier transport. Addition of a small amount of C60F48 deactivates those shallow traps allowing for a higher degree of hole delocalization within the highly crystalline C8‐BTBT domains located on the upper surface of the blend film. Such synergistic effect of a highly ordered C8‐BTBT phase, a polymer bridging grain boundaries, and p‐doping results in the exceptionally high hole mobilities and band‐like transport observed in this blend system.
Solution Processable High Performance Multiwall Carbon Nanotube–Si Heterojunctions
Authors: Dwivedi Neeraj , Dhand Chetna , Anderson Erik C. , Kumar Rajeev , Liao Baochen , Yeo Reuben J. , Khan Raju , Carey J. David , Saifullah Mohammad S. M. , Kumar Sushil , Malik Hitendra K. , Hashmi S. A. R. , Srivastava Avanish K. , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian K. R. S. , Stangl Rolf , Duttagupta Shubham 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCarbon nanotube (CNT)–silicon (Si) heterojunctions show exceptional electrical behavior and hence are promising for electronic and optoelectronic applications. In particular, single wall CNTs (SWCNTs)–Si heterojunctions have been widely studied for these applications. Since multiwall CNTs (MWCNTs) have higher electrical conductivity than SWCNTs, engineering the properties of MWCNTs so as to tailor their electrical properties suitable for heterojunctions can boost the performance of CNT‐based electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here the development of MWCNT‐Si heterostructures is reported, following surface functionalization and silanization to tailor their structure and properties, at room temperature via solution processing. The developed Al/n‐Si/MWCNT/Al heterojunction devices show a low turn‐on voltage (≈1–3 V) and high current (≈0.8 mA at 10 V) exceeding the previous high temperature processed CNT‐based heterojunctions as well as room temperature grown additional amorphous carbon–Si heterojunctions. The carrier transport mechanism within a carrier‐selective contact, multijunction, multiresistance framework, with device current–voltage behavior dictated by transport across the heterojunction and quantum tunneling is discussed. This work opens new direction to design improved devices for future development of large area solution processable CNT based electronics.
The Effects of COVID‐19 on Fruit and Vegetable Production
Authors: Ridley William , Devadoss Stephen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCOVID‐19 has had unprecedented effects on the US economy, in large part because of its effects on workers. Within food and agriculture, these effects pose the greatest threat to the production of labor‐intensive commodities—in particular, fruits and vegetables, the production of which tends to require large numbers of workers for harvesting and packing. We econometrically estimate the effects of COVID‐19 on fruit and vegetable production as the US agricultural labor supply is adversely affected by this pandemic. The major crop losses include $16 million in lettuce, $5 million in apples, and $4 million in grapes.
Bleeding gastrointestinal stromal tumor mimicking ectopic variceal bleeding and treated successfully with endoscopic sclerotherapy
Authors: Huang Yen‐Pin , Shih Kai‐Lun , Yang Chia‐Wei , Chen Yang‐Yuan , Yen Hsu‐Heng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMost cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) manifest with chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. On occasion, the bleeding is acute and life‐threatening. We describe an uncommon case in which an exophytic gastric GIST with active bleeding mimicked ectopic variceal bleeding. It was treated successfully with endoscopic sclerotherapy.
Parenting a child with Marfan syndrome: Distress and everyday problems
Authors: Warnink‐Kavelaars Jessica , van Oers Hedy A. , Haverman Lotte , Buizer Annemieke I. , Alsem Mattijs W. , Engelbert Raoul H. H. , Menke Leonie A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMarfan syndrome (MFS) is a multisystemic, autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder that occurs de novo in 25%. In many families, parent and child(ren) are affected, which may increase distress in parents. To assess distress, 42 mothers (29% MFS) and 25 fathers (60% MFS) of 43 affected children, completed the validated screening‐questionnaire Distress thermometer for parents of a chronically ill child, including questions on overall distress (score 0–10; ≥4 denoting “clinical distress”) and everyday problems (score 0–36). Data were compared to 1,134 control‐group‐parents of healthy children. Mothers reported significantly less overall distress (2, 1–4 vs. 3, 1–6; p = .049; r = −.07) and total everyday problems (3, 0–6 vs. 4, 1–8; p = .03; r = −.08) compared to control‐group‐mothers. Mothers without MFS reported significantly less overall distress compared to mothers with MFS, both of a child with MFS (1, 0–4 vs. 3.5, 2–5; p = .039; r = −.17). No significant differences were found between the father‐groups, nor between the group of healthy parents of an affected child living together with an affected partner compared to control‐group‐parents. No differences in percentages of clinical distress were reported between mothers and control‐group‐mothers (33 vs. 42%); fathers and control‐group‐fathers (28 vs. 32%); nor between the other groups. Distress was not associated with the children's MFS characteristics. Concluding, parents of a child with MFS did not show more clinical distress compared to parents of healthy children. However, clinical distress was reported in approximately one‐third and may increase in case of acute medical complications. We advise monitoring distress in parents of a child with MFS to provide targeted support.
Drug therapies for chronic conditions and risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: A scoping review
Authors: Thunell Johanna , Chen Yi , Joyce Geoffrey , Barthold Douglas , Shekelle Paul G. , Brinton Roberta Diaz , Zissimopoulos Julie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionMost older Americans use drug therapies for chronic conditions. Several are associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).MethodsA scoping review was used to identify drug classes associated with increasing or decreasing ADRD risk. We analyzed size, type, and findings of the evidence.ResultsWe identified 29 drug classes across 11 therapeutic areas, and 404 human studies. Most common were studies on drugs for hypertension (93) or hyperlipidemia (81). Fewer than five studies were identified for several anti‐diabetic and anti‐inflammatory drugs. Evidence was observational only for beta blockers, proton pump inhibitors, benzodiazepines, and disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs. For 13 drug classes, 50% or more of the studies reported consistent direction of effect on risk of ADRD.DiscussionFuture research targeting drug classes with limited/non‐robust evidence, examining sex, racial heterogeneity, and separating classes by molecule, will facilitate understanding of associated risk, and inform clinical and policy efforts to alleviate the growing impact of ADRD.
Extreme bilateral polydactyly in a wild‐caught western grey kangaroo
Authors: Warburton Natalie M. , Cake Martin A. , Kelman Khama R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPolydactyly is a congenital malformation resulting from an autosomal dominant mutation manifesting as supernumerary digits of the hands or feet. It is most commonly reported in humans and domestic mammals, though there have also been isolated examples across a range of wild vertebrate species. Here we report a case of extremely unusual bilateral preaxial polydactyly on the pectoral limbs of a male western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus) from the South West region of Western Australia, in which two supernumerary digits were present on each manus. A supernumerary digit I on each manus was rudimentary in morphology without extrinsic muscular connections. However, supernumerary digit II present on each manus had fully developed extrinsic and intrinsic muscular connections, suggesting that these digits possessed normal function in flexion and extension. An alternative hypothesis is that the two supernumerary digits are both representatives of the most radial digit I, though this would then require the true digit I to have taken on the appearance of digit II by acquiring an additional phalanx and modified muscular attachments. The carpal bones exhibited a number of subtle differences in morphology when compared to normal pentadactyl individuals. The presence of a distal, rather than proximal, epiphysis on the first metacarpal was unexpected but further investigation suggested that this characteristic is perhaps more variable (in this species at least) than has been previously recognized. This case provides an unusual example to be considered within the broader context of limb development.