bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of post-treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melted Ti6Al4V lattice structures
Authors: Huang Xina , Lang Lihui , Gong Shuili , Zhao Mali 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the post-treatment processes on lattice structures of selective laser melting. Moreover, the effect of pressure during hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is determined.

Design/methodology/approach
Three post-treatment processes, annealing at 650°C, 920°C and HIP were adopted. The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of selective lasering melted Ti6Al4V lattice structures after post-treatment were systematically investigated by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, electron backscattered diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and quasi-static mechanics tests.

Findings
The main findings in this paper are as below: first, the pores existing in the samples as-fabricated, annealed at 650°C and 920°C are disappeared after HIP. Second, the microstructure and compressive properties after HIP are similar to that after pure annealing at the same temperature. However, the HIPed sample had the highest number of cycles to failure. Third, the fracture mechanism of as-fabricated samples changes from mixed fracture to the micro-voids accumulation fracture after post-treatment processes.

Originality/value
HIP post-treatment can be replaced by annealing at the same temperature when the requirement for porosity and fatigue life is not very high.
Patient satisfaction and efficacy of calcipotriol plus betamethasone dipropionate gel in plaque psoriasis patients with poor adherence
Authors: Takahashi Hidetoshi , Katayama Hiroyasu , Uwajima Yuta , Koda Masato , Sasaki Hajime , Tanito Katsumi , Hagiwara Masanori , Matsuo Koma , Nakagawa Hidemi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPoor adherence to treatment makes achievement of expected therapeutic outcomes more difficult, especially in chronic disorders like psoriasis. There are several critical factors that affect adherence, including therapeutic efficacy, patient satisfaction, patient treatment preferences and ease of application, especially in topical therapy. The fixed combination of calcipotriol plus betamethasone dipropionate in a gel formulation (Cal/BDP gel) has been recommended as a first‐line topical treatment for mild to moderate plaque. To examine whether Cal/BDP gel can effectively improve treatment adherence, we investigated the effects of once‐daily Cal/BDP gel on factors affecting adherence at weeks 4, 8 and 12 in patients with plaque psoriasis who had poor adherence. A total of 46 subjects were enrolled and 41 subjects (26 men, 15 women; mean age, 50.5 years) were included in the analysis. The following items were evaluated: Patient Preference Questionnaire, nine‐item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication, Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA), modified Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (m‐PASI), body surface area (BSA), pruritus, medication adherence and application time. In patients with poor adherence, many preferred treatment with Cal/BDP gel and evaluated its convenience as “excellent” at weeks 4 and 12. At week 12, the proportion of “clear”/”very mild” ratings using PGA reached 20.5%, the change from baseline on m‐PASI was −61.3% and the change from baseline on BSA was −39.8%, suggesting that the skin symptoms of psoriasis had improved greatly. In most patients, the longer they used Cal/BDP gel, the greater their preference and satisfaction and the higher the therapeutic effect, which increased markedly over 12 weeks. These results suggest that Cal/BDP gel can effectively improve treatment adherence. Conversely, high adherence to Cal/BDP gel must enhance the therapeutic effect. Therefore, we expect that Cal/BDP gel could become the mainstay of topical psoriasis treatment in patients with poor adherence.
Advances in metabarcoding techniques bring us closer to reliable monitoring of the marine benthos
Authors: Steyaert Margaux , Priestley Victoria , Osborne Owen , Herraiz Alba , Arnold Richard , Savolainen Vincent 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Reliable and accurate biodiversity census methods are essential for monitoring ecosystem health and assessing potential ecological impacts of future development projects. Although metabarcoding is increasingly used to study biodiversity across ecological research, morphology‐based identification remains the preferred approach for marine ecological impact assessments. Comparing metabarcoding to morphology‐based protocols currently used by ecological surveyors is essential to determine whether this DNA‐based approach is suitable for long‐term monitoring of the marine ecosystems.

We compared metabarcoding and morphology‐based approaches for the analysis of invertebrates in low diversity intertidal marine sediment samples. We used a recently developed bioinformatics pipeline and two taxonomic assignment methods to resolve and assign amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from Illumina amplicon data. We analysed the community composition recovered by both methods and tested the effects, on the levels of diversity detected by the metabarcoding method, of sieving samples prior to DNA extraction.

Metabarcoding of the mitochondrial marker cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene recovers the presence of more taxonomic groups than the morphological approach. We found that sieving samples results in lower alpha diversity detected and suggests a community composition that differs significantly from that suggested by un‐sieved samples in our metabarcoding analysis. We found that while metabarcoding and morphological approaches detected similar numbers of species, they are unable to identify the same set of species across samples.

Synthesis and applications. We show that metabarcoding using the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) marker provides a more holistic, community‐based, analysis of benthic invertebrate diversity than a traditional morphological approach. We also highlight current gaps in reference databases and bioinformatic pipelines for the identification of intertidal benthic invertebrates that need to be addressed before metabarcoding can replace traditional methods. Ultimately, with these limitations taken into consideration, resolving community‐wide diversity patterns with metabarcoding could improve the management of non‐protected marine habitats in the United Kingdom.
Photographic Image Comparison of Vegetation
Authors: Finkelstein Nir S. , Rosengarten Hila , Levy Ophir 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImages and videos are common types of evidence in crime scene investigations and laboratory analysis. Images may be taken by the suspect and/or by crime scene investigators and may serve as crucial elements in forensic laboratory analysis. Forensic photographic image comparison is the process of comparing one or more objects or persons in photographs/images when at least one image is known to be related to a crime. The forensic examiner usually compares the images in order to determine whether or not an association between the exhibits in the images can be made. This paper proposes an extension to the currently prevalent photographic image examination method. The extension introduces comparison of landscape and vegetation over time. It is revealed that similarities between images may still be found between the period of time the suspect photograph was taken and the period the crime scene investigator took the photograph from the same area. In this case report, two suspects to be involved in growing a marijuana field were arrested by the police. The forensic experts were asked to examine images taken by the crime scene investigators and to compare them to the images found in the suspects’ phones. They then tried to determine whether the suspects could be linked to the specific locations. While applying techniques derived from morphological comparison methodologies, the plants at the scene provided significant additional information. A tree trunk, branches, and twigs on a hedge in the photographs revealed specific individual characteristics that led the examiner to reach a conclusive decision.
Sirt1 sustains female fertility by slowing age‐related decline in oocyte quality required for post‐fertilization embryo development
Authors: Iljas Juvita D. , Wei Zhe , Homer Hayden A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe NAD+‐dependent sirtuin deacetylase, Sirt1, regulates key transcription factors strongly implicated in ageing and lifespan. Due to potential confounding effects secondary to loss of Sirt1 function from the soma in existing whole‐animal mutants, the in vivo role of Sirt1 in oocytes (oocyte‐Sirt1) for female fertility remains unknown. We deleted Sirt1 specifically in growing oocytes and study how loss of oocyte‐Sirt1 affects a comprehensive range of female reproductive parameters including ovarian follicular reservoir, oocyte maturation, oocyte mitochondrial abundance, oxidative stress, fertilization, embryo development and fertility during ageing. Surprisingly, eliminating this key sirtuin from growing oocytes has no effect in young females. During a 10‐month‐long breeding trial, however, we find that 50% of females lacking oocyte‐Sirt1 become prematurely sterile between 9 and 11 months of age when 100% of wild‐type females remain fertile. This is not due to an accelerated age‐related decline in oocyte numbers in the absence of oocyte‐Sirt1 but to reduced oocyte developmental competence or quality. Compromised oocyte quality does not impact in vivo oocyte maturation or fertilization but leads to increased oxidative stress in preimplantation embryos that inhibits cleavage divisions. Our data suggest that defects emerge in aged females lacking oocyte‐Sirt1 due to concurrent age‐related changes such as reduced NAD+ and sirtuin expression levels, which compromise compensatory mechanisms that can cover for Sirt1 loss in younger oocytes. In contrast to evidence that increasing Sirt1 activity delays ageing, our data provide some of the only in vivo evidence that loss of Sirt1 induces premature ageing.
Association of Alcohol Consumption and Ideal Cardiovascular Health Among South Asians: The Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study
Authors: Chevli Parag A. , Hari Krupal J. , Kanaya Alka M. , Talegawkar Sameera A. , Needham Belinda L. , Herrington David 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundObservational studies have shown that alcohol consumption above the recommended limit is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD), although its association in South Asians is unclear. Less is known regarding the association between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular health (CVH), assessed by the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 (LS7) health metrics among those with South Asian ancestry.MethodsThis analysis included 701 participants without CVD from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) cohort (2015 to 2018). Based on a personal history questionnaire, participants were divided into never, former, and current drinkers. The current drinking category was further classified into 1 to 3 drinks/wk, 4 to 7 drinks/wk, and >7 drinks/wk. The consumption of 5 or more drinks on 1 occasion in the past month was defined as binge drinking. Each LS7 component was given a point score of 0, 1, or 2. The total score was categorized into 0 to 6, 7 to 10, and 11 to 14 to represent poor, intermediate, and ideal CVH, respectively. We use multinomial logistic regression to examine the association between alcohol consumption and CVH.ResultsIn the MASALA cohort (mean age = 59 years, 43% female), participants consuming >7 drinks/wk had the lowest mean CVH score. Compared with never drinkers, male participants consuming >7 drinks/wk were less likely to have intermediate CVH (0.44 [0.08, 0.91]) and ideal CVH (0.23 [0.03, 0.96]). Binge drinking was associated with significantly lower odds of ideal CVH compared with never drinkers.ConclusionWe found evidence of an inverse association of moderate to heavy alcohol consumption and ideal CVH in South Asian men. These findings further underscore the important relationship between alcohol consumption and CVH in this unique population of South Asians.
First‐trimester trophoblasts obtained by chorionic villus sampling maintain tolerogenic and proteomic features in successful pregnancies despite a history of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Bruno Valentina , Lindau Robert , Jenmalm Maria C. , Ticconi Carlo , Piccione Emilio , Pietropolli Adalgisa , Ernerudh Jan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProblemWhile there are several known causes for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), about 50% are unexplained (uRPL), and in these cases, an aberrant immune regulation seems to be involved. Although fetally derived trophoblast cells have a key role in immune regulation, it is difficult to study their immune function during pregnancy, and it is not known whether trophoblast function may be an inherent aberration in uRPL or whether it is associated with the outcome of the current pregnancy.Method of studyChorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed for clinical indications at 12 weeks of gestation. Superfluous materials, divided in small explants, were cultured for 20‐24 hours, and supernatants (conditioned medium) were collected from 36 women with singleton normal pregnancies, of whom 9 women had a history of RPL. The secreted immune protein profile was measured by proximity extension assay, and the conditioned medium was further used in functional ex vivo models to assess ability to polarize blood monocytes and CD4+T cells into immune regulatory phenotypes, as detected by flow cytometry.ResultsConditioned medium from chorionic villi, human fetally derived placental tissue, was able to induce a decidual‐type of M2‐like macrophages, as well as an expansion of Treg cells ex vivo, both in women with uRPL and in control women. The preserved immunological properties were confirmed by a maintained immune protein profile in RPL compared with controls.ConclusionTrophoblasts in an ex vivo model maintain tolerogenic and proteomic profile features in successful pregnancies, despite a previous history of RPL.
Trends in Australian inguinal hernia repair rates: a 15‐year population study
Authors: Williams Michael L. , Hutchinson Adam G. , Oh Daniel D. , Young Christopher J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn inguinal hernia is one of the most common surgical pathologies, and therefore the repair of an inguinal hernia is one of the most common general surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to assess the trend in inguinal hernia repair (IHR) rates in Australia between 2000/2001 and 2014/2015 using population data from public and private hospitals.MethodsICD‐10 data cubes from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare were analysed to determine the number of inguinal hernia repairs performed, open or laparoscopically, between 2000/2001 and 2014/2015 financial years. These data were combined with the Australian Bureau of Statistics population data estimates for the corresponding years, to give a procedure per 100 000 estimates.ResultsIncidence of IHRs within Australia decreased from 217 to 194 per 100 000 population over the 15‐year study period. There was a clear shift towards increased uptake of laparoscopic surgery with a subsequent fall in rates of open IHRs. Males accounted for the majority of IHR procedures. Unilateral repair was more common; however, the incidence of unilateral repair rates decreased while bilateral IHR rates increased over the study period.ConclusionLaparoscopic techniques are increasingly being used within public and private institutions across the country for inguinal hernia repair. There has also been a decrease in the incidence of IHR procedures performed per year over the 15‐year period studied, consistent with published literature from Europe and the USA.
Minimally invasive video‐assisted thyroidectomy in Asian patients: experience from Singapore
Authors: Singaporewalla Reyaz M. , Rao Anil D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive video‐assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) although well established in Europe has not yet gained widespread acceptance in Asia. We describe our learning experience in the first reported series of 105 cases from Singapore.MethodsA retrospective analysis of outcomes in 105 patients who underwent MIVAT from April 2011 to 2018 was performed. The inclusion criteria were – symptomatic benign thyroid pathologies and follicular lesions or neoplasms needing a hemi‐thyroidectomy. A thyroid lobe volume less than 35 mL was used as cut‐off. Patients underwent surgeon‐performed thyroid ultrasound with biopsy of solid nodules. All cases were operated by one surgeon using standard Miccoli technique with energy device used in all cases.ResultsFrom a total of 424 patients with nodular goitres undergoing thyroidectomy, 105 (24%) symptomatic eligible patients underwent the MIVAT procedure (M:F – 23:82). The mean incision lengths at start and completion were 1.7 cm (range 1.5–2 cm) and 2.4 cm (range 2–2.7 cm), respectively. Mean operating time was 97 min (range 59–160 min). There were four conversions (3.8%) in the first 25 cases and four patients (3.8%) experienced transient hoarseness with full recovery. Visual analogue pain scores at 6 and 24 h post‐operatively were 2.7 and 1.1, respectively. Scar satisfaction was reported as excellent (75%), satisfactory (23%) and poor (2%).ConclusionAlthough technically more demanding, MIVAT is a safe and useful operation in a thyroid surgeon's armamentarium. The limitation of goitre size, however, allows only a small percentage of symptomatic patients to undergo this procedure.
Snoring toddlers with and without obstructive sleep apnoea differed with regard to snoring time, adenoid size and mouth breathing
Authors: Markkanen Saara , Rautiainen Markus , Himanen Sari‐Leena , Satomaa Anna‐Liisa , Katila Maija , Peltomäki Timo , Saarenpää‐Heikkilä Outi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThe difficulty of assessing the likelihood of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in children who snore without full‐night polysomnography is widely recognised. Our aim was to identify features that were characteristic of two‐year‐old children with OSA and evaluate whether this information could be used to assess the likelihood of OSA.MethodsThe study was carried out as part of the Child‐Sleep Project, a longitudinal birth cohort study of children born at Tampere University Hospital, Finland. This part of the study focused on the children in the cohort who snored and was carried out between 2013 and 2015. The primary outcomes were measured using parental questionnaires, polysomnography and clinical examinations.ResultsIn total, 52 children participated at a mean age of 27 months (range 23‐34). Of these, 32 (44% male) snorers and 20 (70% male) controls. The most significant findings were that children who had OSA demonstrated longer snoring time (P = .003), a greater tendency for mouth breathing (P = .007) and bigger adenoid size (P = .008) than snorers without OSA.ConclusionSnoring time, adenoid tissue size and mouth breathing were important features that identified the likelihood of OSA in snoring toddlers.
Subcutaneous daratumumab plus standard treatment regimens in patients with multiple myeloma across lines of therapy (PLEIADES): an open‐label Phase II study
Authors: Chari Ajai , Rodriguez‐Otero Paula , McCarthy Helen , Suzuki Kenshi , Hungria Vania , Sureda Balari Anna , Perrot Aurore , Hulin Cyrille , Magen Hila , Iida Shinsuke , Maisnar Vladimir , Karlin Lionel , Pour Ludek , Parasrampuria Dolly A. , Masterson Tara , Kosh Michele , Yang Shiyi , Delioukina Maria , Qi Ming , Carson Robin , Touzeau Cyrille 
Published: July 2020

SummaryDaratumumab is a CD38‐targeting monoclonal antibody approved for intravenous (IV) infusion for multiple myeloma (MM). We describe the Phase II PLEIADES study of a subcutaneous formulation of daratumumab (DARA SC) in combination with standard‐of‐care regimens: DARA SC plus bortezomib/lenalidomide/dexamethasone (D‐VRd) for transplant‐eligible newly diagnosed MM (NDMM); DARA SC plus bortezomib/melphalan/prednisone (D‐VMP) for transplant‐ineligible NDMM; and DARA SC plus lenalidomide/dexamethasone (D‐Rd) for relapsed/refractory MM. In total, 199 patients were treated (D‐VRd, n = 67; D‐VMP, n = 67; D‐Rd, n = 65). The primary endpoints were met for all cohorts: the ≥very good partial response (VGPR) rate after four 21‐day induction cycles for D‐VRd was 71·6% [90% confidence interval (CI) 61·2–80·6%], and the overall response rates (ORRs) for D‐VMP and D‐Rd were 88·1% (90% CI 79·5–93·9%) and 90·8% (90% CI 82·6–95·9%). With longer median follow‐up for D‐VMP and D‐Rd (14·3 and 14·7 months respectively), responses deepened (ORR: 89·6%, 93·8%; ≥VGPR: 77·6%, 78·5%), and minimal residual disease–negativity (10‒5) rates were 16·4% and 15·4%. Infusion‐related reactions across all cohorts were infrequent (≤9·0%) and mild. The median DARA SC administration time was 5 min. DARA SC with standard‐of‐care regimens demonstrated comparable clinical activity to DARA IV–containing regimens, with low infusion‐related reaction rates and reduced administration time.
Characterization of Late Cretaceous to Miocene source rocks in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: An integrated numerical approach of stratigraphic forward modelling and petroleum system modelling
Authors: Grohmann Sebastian , Fietz W. Susanne , Nader Fadi H. , Romero‐Sarmiento Maria‐Fernanda , Baudin Francois , Littke Ralf 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStratigraphic forward modelling was used to simulate the deposition of Upper Cretaceous, Eocene and Oligo‐Miocene source rocks in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and, thus, obtain a process‐based 3D prediction of the quantity and quality distribution of organic matter (OM) in the respective intervals.Upper Cretaceous and Eocene models support the idea of an upwelling‐related source rock formation along the Levant Margin and the Eratosthenes Seamount (ESM). Along the margin, source rock facies form a narrow band of 50 km parallel to the palaeo shelf break, with high total organic carbon (TOC) contents of about 1% to 11%, and HI values of 300–500 mg HC/g TOC. On top of the ESM, TOC contents are mainly between 0.5% and 3% and HI values between 150 and 250 mg HC/g TOC. At both locations, TOC and HI values decrease rapidly towards the deeper parts of the basin. In the Oligo‐Miocene intervals, terrestrial OM makes up the highest contribution to the TOC content, as marine organic matter (OM) is diluted by high‐sedimentation rates. In general, TOC contents are low (<1%), but are distributed relatively homogenously throughout the whole basin, creating poor quality, but very thick source rock intervals of 1–2 km of cumulative thickness.The incorporation of these source rock models into a classic petroleum system model could identify several zones of thermal maturation in the respective source rock intervals. Upper Cretaceous source rocks started petroleum generation in the late Palaeocene/early Eocene with peak generation between 20 and 15 Ma ca. 50 km offshore northern Lebanon. Southeast of the ESM, generation started in the early Eocene with peak generation between 18 and 15 Ma. Eocene source rocks started HC generation ca. 25 Ma ago between 50 and 100 km southeast of the ESM and reached the oil to wet gas window at present day. However, until today they have converted less than 20% of their initial kerogen. Although the Miocene source rocks are mostly immature, Oligocene source rocks lie within the oil window in the southern Levant Basin and reached the onset of the wet gas window in the northern Levant Basin. However, only 10%–20% of their initial kerogen have been transformed to date.