bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconnaître ou punir ? De la justification des commissions de vérité
Authors: Fekete de Vàri François 
Published: July 2020

Cet article vise à examiner les justifications conceptuelles des commissions de vérité dans une perspective croisée, mobilisant ressources philosophiques et instruments juridiques. Instances officielles, extra-judiciaires et temporaires, les commissions de vérité sont mises en place dans des contextes de transition (de la guerre vers la paix, d’un régime autoritaire vers un régime démocratique) afin de faire la lumière sur les violations massives et les atteintes systématiques aux droits humains commises au cours d’une période déterminée du passé. Si l’on peut facilement en donner une justification « négative » sur la base des limites que rencontre l’institution pénale lorsqu’elle fait face à des crimes de masse, cette contribution cherche néanmoins à dépasser ce type de justification. À cette fin, elle propose une justification « positive » des commissions de vérité à l’aide du concept de justice reconstructive, lui-même soutenu par la notion déterminante de reconnaissance, ainsi qu’une entreprise narrative et une volonté de rompre avec la violence du système rétributif. Elle cherche ainsi non pas tant à faire l’apologie des commissions de vérité qu’à nourrir la réflexion théorique à leur sujet et à en affiner la compréhension.
Peripheral Tolerance Checkpoints Imposed by Ubiquitous Antigen Expression Limit Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses under Strongly Immunogenic Conditions
Authors: Brooks Jeremy F. , Murphy Peter R. , Barber James E. M. , Wells James W. , Steptoe Raymond J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A series of layered peripheral checkpoints maintain self-reactive B cells in an unresponsive state. Autoantibody production occurs when these checkpoints are breached; however, when and how this occurs is largely unknown. In particular, how self-reactive B cells are restrained during bystander inflammation in otherwise healthy individuals is poorly understood. A weakness has been the unavailability of methods capable of dissecting physiologically relevant B cell responses without the use of an engineered BCR. Resolving this will provide insights that decipher how this process goes awry during autoimmunity or could be exploited for therapy. In this study, we use a strong adjuvant to provide bystander innate and adaptive signals that promote B cell responsiveness in conjunction with newly developed B cell detection tools to study in detail the ways that peripheral tolerance mechanisms limit the expansion and function of self-reactive B cells activated under these conditions. We show that although self-reactive B cells are recruited into the germinal center, their development does not proceed, possibly because of rapid counterselection. Consequently, differentiation of plasma cells is blunted, and Ab responses are transient and devoid of affinity maturation. We propose this approach, and these tools can be more widely applied to track Ag-specific B cell responses to more disease-relevant Ags, without the need for BCR transgenic mice, in settings where tolerance pathways are compromised or have been genetically manipulated to drive stronger insights into the biology underlying B cell–mediated autoimmunity.
İKİNCİ ŞERİA MUHAREBESİ’NDE 8’İNCİ KOLORDU BAŞTABİPLİĞİNİN VERMİŞ OLDUĞU SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNİN DÜŞÜNDÜRDÜKLERİ
Authors: GÜVENBAŞ Mesut 
Published: July 2020

Bazı tarihçiler büyük resme bakarken mikro olayları gözden kaçırmakta ve tespit edilebilecek birçok bilgiden mahrum kalırken, “İnsana ne oldu?” sorusunu göz
ardı etmektedir. Harp tarihi çalışmalarında da muharebeler anlatılırken harekât üzerinde durulmakta ve harekâtı etkileyen unsurlara çok az değinilmektedir. Harekâtı
etkileyen en önemli unsurlardan birisi de hiç kuşkusuz verilen sağlık hizmetleridir.
Muharebede verilen sağlık hizmetleri mikro bir bakış açısıyla günümüze de ışık tutan sonuçlar ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Sağlık personelinin özveriyle yaptığı hizmetler görülürken İkinci Şeria Muharebesi’nde kullanılan silah, bu silahlardan kaynaklanan yaralanmaların insan vücudunun hangi bölgelerinde meydana geldiğine dair
istatistiki bilgiler de kayıtlarda yer almaktadır.
Farklı eser ve arşiv kayıtlarıyla yapılan zayiat karşılaştırmaları günümüze ışık tutan bilgiler sunarken bizlere de şehitlerimizle ilgili görevler yüklemektedir. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda “şehit” kavramı değerlendirilirken az da olsa insana dokunulmaya çalışılmıştır. İkinci Şeria Muharebesi, bu muharebede verilen sağlık hizmetleri ve şehit kavramı, MSB Arşiv ve Askerî Tarih Dairesi Başkanlığı Arşivinden elde edilen 21 Haziran 1918 tarihli sıhhi raporun bize vermiş olduğu verilerin merkezî konularıdır.
İSTİHBARAT RAPORLARI IŞIĞINDA TÜRK İSTİKLAL HARBİ’NİN YUNANİSTAN’A ETKİSİ
Authors: GÜVENBAŞ Sehernaz 
Published: July 2020

Yunanların “megali idea” anlayışı kapsamındaki faaliyetleri uzun yılları alan uğraşları içermektedir. Bu idealin gerçekleştirilmesi fırsatını Birinci Dünya Harbi’nin sonunda yakalayan Yunanlar, 15 Mayıs 1919’da İzmir’i işgal etmiş ancak kendi ülküleri doğrultusunda çıktıkları İzmir, 1922 Ağustos’unda Büyük Taarruz’la umutlarının kırılma noktası olan yer durumuna gelmiş ve hazin bir şekilde Anadolu’yu terk etmek zorunda kalmışlardı.
Yunanistan’da Batı Anadolu’ya ayak basmadan önce zaten var olan siyasi, askerî, sosyal ve ekonomik çalkantılar, Batı Anadolu’da bulundukları yaklaşık 3,5 yıllık dönemde devam ettiği gibi sonrasında da ülkeyi kaosa sokan gelişmelere sebep olmuştu. Yunanistan, İtilaf devletlerinin çabasıyla girdiği Küçük Asya macerasında, 1920 yılının sonunda onların desteğini yavaş yavaş çekmeleriyle yalnızlaşmıştı. Bunda Türk İstiklal Mücadelesi’ni sarsılmaz ve kırılmaz bir inançla sürdüren Mustafa Kemal (ATATÜRK) ve silah arkadaşlarının üstün başarılarının büyük payı vardı. Dolayısıyla kendi ülkülerine olan inançla hareket eden Yunanlar, karşılarında tarihin en erken dönemlerinden beri hür yaşayarak devletler kuran Türk milletini hafife almışlardı.
Nitekim Yunanlar, Anadolu’dan çekildikten sonra kendi sorunlarıyla baş başa kalacak ve uzun yıllar ne siyasi istikrarını tam anlamıyla kurabilecek ne de sosyal ve ekonomik buhranı atlatabilecektir. Bu çalışmada, Türk İstiklal Harbi sırasında Yunanistan’da meydana gelen askerî, siyasi ve ekonomik olaylar, gerek literatür gerekse belgelere dayalı olarak ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Türk İstiklal Harbi sonrasında Yunanistan’da meydana gelen olaylar da Yunanistan’da cumhuriyetin ilanı ve sonrasında tekrar krallığa dönüşüne kadar ele alınmıştır.
APLIKASI PEMESANAN LAUNDRY BERBASIS SMS GATEWAY
Authors: Felicia Sylviana  , Sherly Christina  , Sunartie  
Published: July 2020

Keywords : website, waterfall method, SMS Gateway application
The development of information technology lately has entered almost all areas of our life. One of them in the field of business service provider of washing clothes or usually called the laundry. Each laundry business have its own way to improve their laundry service. In conveying information or promoting the Laundry to the community still using a manual way, and it takes very long time. So, it takes more time to get information. To able overcome these problems it is necessary to build a laundry booking application based sms gateway in Palangka Raya. Methodology The development of this application uses the waterfall methodology, with the following stages, the first stage is the requirements analysis described using UML 2.5 (Unifer Modeling Language), the second stage is design, the third stage is coding and testing, the testing used is using blackbox, the fourth stage is implementation, the fifth stage is maintenance. From the results of application testing, it can be concluded that this application has functioned well by providing features such as features of laundry booking based SMS Gateway and laundry profile information that contains services found in laundry.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE WEIGTHED PRODUCT PADA SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN UNTUK PENILAIAN KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. JAMKRIDA
Authors: Sari Nova Noor Kamala 
Published: July 2020

The application of information technology in the field of Human Resource Management greatly facilitates the work of administrative issues in relation to Human Resource. The use of information technology in the processes requires well-trained human resources. As a company that has several units, the Human Resources who work at PT. JAMKRIDA are expected to have good performance to support the company's progress. Therefore, a performance evaluation system is needed.
Decision support system used the Weighted product method to complete the calculation. Software development methodology applied waterfall starting from the requitments definition, system and software design to the implementation phase made by PHP and MyAdmin database, and black box testing.
It is concluded that decision support system for evaluating the employee’s performances does assessment by using criteria and items of assessments referring to PT. Jamkrida. Assessments are carried out online so it is expected to replace the manual old system.
On the performance of satellite-based observations of XCO2 in capturing the NOAA Carbon Tracker model and ground-based flask observations over Africa's land mass
Authors: Mengistu Anteneh Getachew , Mengistu Tsidu Gizaw 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Africa is one of the most data-scarce regions as satellite observation at the Equator is limited by cloud cover and there is a very limited number of ground-based measurements. As a result, the use of simulations from models is mandatory to fill this data gap. A comparison of satellite observation with model and available in situ observations will be useful to estimate the performance of satellites in the region. In this study, GOSAT column-averaged carbon dioxide dry-air mole fraction (XCO2) is compared with the NOAA CT2016 and six flask observations over Africa using 5 years of data covering the period from May 2009 to April 2014. Ditto for OCO-2 XCO2 against NOAA CT16NRT17 and eight flask observations over Africa using 2 years of data covering the period from January 2015 to December 2016. The analysis shows that the XCO2 from GOSAT is higher than XCO2 simulated by CT2016 by 0.28±1.05 ppm, whereas OCO-2 XCO2 is lower than CT16NRT17 by 0.34±0.9 ppm on the African land mass on average. The mean correlations of 0.83±1.12 and 0.60±1.41 and average root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 2.30±1.45 and 2.57±0.89 ppm are found between the model and the respective datasets from GOSAT and OCO-2, implying the existence of a reasonably good agreement between CT and the two satellites over Africa's land region. However, significant variations were observed in some regions. For example, OCO-2 XCO2 are lower than that of CT16NRT17 by up to 3 ppm over some regions in North Africa (e.g. Egypt, Libya, and Mali), whereas it exceeds CT16NRT17 XCO2 by 2 ppm over Equatorial Africa (10∘ S–10∘ N). This regional difference is also noted in the comparison of model simulations and satellite observations with flask observations over the continent. For example, CT shows a better sensitivity in capturing flask observations over sites located in North Africa. In contrast, satellite observations have better sensitivity in capturing flask observations in lower-altitude island sites. CT2016 shows a high spatial mean of seasonal mean RMSD of 1.91 ppm during DJF with respect to GOSAT, while CT16NRT17 shows 1.75 ppm during MAM with respect to OCO-2. On the other hand, low RMSDs of 1.00 and 1.07 ppm during SON in the model XCO2 with respect to GOSAT and OCO-2 are respectively determined, indicating better agreement during autumn. The model simulation and satellite observations exhibit similar seasonal cycles of XCO2 with a small discrepancy over Southern Africa (35–10∘ S) and during wet seasons over all regions.
Weak sensitivity of the terrestrial water budget to global soil texture maps in the ORCHIDEE land surface model
Authors: Tafasca Salma , Ducharne Agnès , Valentin Christian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Soil physical properties play an important role in estimating soil water and energy fluxes. Many hydrological and land surface models (LSMs) use soil texture maps to infer these properties. Here,
we investigate the impact of soil texture on soil water fluxes and storage at different scales
using the ORCHIDEE (ORganizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic EcosystEms) LSM, forced by several complex or globally uniform soil texture maps. At the point scale, the model shows a realistic sensitivity of runoff processes and soil moisture to soil
texture and reveals that loamy textures give the highest evapotranspiration and lowest total runoff rates. The three tested complex soil texture maps result in similar water budgets at all
scales, compared to the uncertainties of observation-based products and meteorological forcing
datasets, although important differences can be found at the regional scale, particularly in areas
where the different maps disagree on the prevalence of clay soils. The three tested soil texture
maps are also found to be similar by construction, with a shared prevalence of loamy textures, and
have a spatial overlap over 40 % between each pair of maps, which explains the overall weak
impact of soil texture map change. A useful outcome is that the choice of the input soil texture
map is not crucial for large-scale modelling, but the added value of more detailed soil information (horizontal and vertical resolution, soil composition) deserves further studies.
Continued results from a field campaign of wake steering applied at a commercial wind farm – Part 2
Authors: Fleming Paul , King Jennifer , Simley Eric , Roadman Jason , Scholbrock Andrew , Murphy Patrick , Lundquist Julie K. , Moriarty Patrick , Fleming Katherine , van Dam Jeroen , Bay Christopher , Mudafort Rafael , Jager David , Skopek Jason , Scott Michael , Ryan Brady , Guernsey Charles , Brake Dan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. This paper presents the results of a field campaign investigating the performance of wake steering applied at a section of a commercial wind farm. It is the second phase of the study for which the first phase was reported in Fleming et al. (2019). The authors implemented wake steering on two turbine pairs, and compared results with the latest FLORIS (FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State) model of wake steering, showing good agreement in overall energy increase. Further, although not the original intention of the study, we also used the results to detect the secondary steering phenomenon. Results show an overall reduction in wake losses of approximately 6.6 % for the regions of operation, which corresponds to achieving roughly half of the static optimal result.
«Deh, non opinate, o Signora, così spregevolmente di noi»: l’Italia illustrata dalle italiane
Authors: Crivelli Tatiana 
Published: July 2020

This article discusses the symbolic values assigned to Italian women writers in the historical age that precedes national unification. At the beginning of 19th century, aiming at its Risorgimento, Italy shaped its own identity. Establishing a cultural genealogy of its women, the nation-to-be finds a way to shed light on the persistence of an erudite stream rooted in the glorious tradition of the “roman mothers”, as well as to define an image of itself as an up-to-date modern European nation. The cultural condition of its women becomes, thanks to a simplifying and still effective mechanism, measurement for the emancipation of a whole nation. How this mechanism works can be explained by the example of a dispute between the Irish novel writer Lady Morgan and the Italian pedagogue Ginevra Canonici Fachini, by analyzing their apparently irreconcilable argumentations under the perspective of their time, which point to the making of the nation and of its narration. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the setting up of an encyclopaedia of illustrious Italian women, that Canonici Fachini presents as a reply to the criticism expressed in Morgan's "Italy" (1821), constitutes, much more than explicit retorts that remain trapped in their own reciprocal contrasts, the constructive outcome of an encounter and clash of two different ways of narrating the nation. As postcolonial studies demonstrated, the more innovative propositions are in fact generated in those in-between spaces that are to be found in the wrinkles of an apparently insoluble contraposition: between the discourses with which the other represents us, and our own narration that institutes the myth of an objective self-definition.
Luigia Codemo: appunti per una biografia intellettuale
Authors: Chemello Adriana 
Published: July 2020

This article offers an intellectual biography of the 19th century writer Luigia Codemo. While Codemo’s writing directly originates from the Manzoni's historical novel, which inspires her interest for the lower levels of the society (for the “genti meccaniche e di piccolo affare”), it nevertheless also refers to the vast body of short stories, to all the exempla, the moral narrations and the “true stories” that are to be found among the pages of Gozzi’s periodical «Gazzetta Veneta», as well as to the conversations in Venice’s campielli as Goldoni describes them, or to the sentimental and romantic plots of serial novels. Such a heterogeneous mix of narrative genres represents the main feature of Codemo’s writing: it is through a combination of short stories, tableaux, novels, dramas and sketches that she tries, just after Italy’s unification, to meet the needs of cultural integration and pacification of people’s “hearts”. By creating popular literature Codemo aimed at «making the Italians», exhorting them to work toward the good and pointing out a set of social and domestic «small virtues» related to the obligations towards God, the nation and the family. The most important device of Codemo’s educational pattern, which she made her “mission”, is the book that narrates true (i.e. biographies) or likely stories (i.e. familial pictures), with verisimilar heroes, like the worker and inventor Beniamino Franklin. Influenced by the romantic interest for the «good and gentle customs of the common people», Codemo aims to «educate and polish the crowd’s manners». An unknown chapter of her life is the philanthropic action, which intersects a developing female occupation in the contemporary Venice. It was there that Mazzini’s heritage was turned into pedagogical activities, such as in the undertakings of Rosa Piazza and Laura Goretti Veruda for the education of good mothers and for the institution of vocational schools for women. In taking part in such charitable activities Codemo also finds a symbolic compensation for her own maternal experience, tragically upset by the premature death of her son.
The effects of humic substances on DNA isolation from soils
Authors: Wnuk Ewa , Waśko Adam , Walkiewicz Anna , Bartmiński Piotr , Bejger Romualda , Mielnik Lilla , Bieganowski Andrzej 
Published: July 2020

Background
Humic substances (HS) are compounds with a complicated structure, present in the humus soil layer, water, lake sediments, peat, brown coal and shales. Due to their similar physicochemical properties to DNA, they may have an adverse effect on the subsequent use of the isolated material. The main aim of this research was to examine the effect of HS on DNA isolation depending on the soil type and land use, taking into account the spectroscopic full characteristics of HS fractions.

Methods
The research was conducted on eight types of soil sample. Soils represented the most important Soil Reference Groups for temperate climates: Fluvisols, Regosols, Cambisols, Arenosols, Histosols and Luvisols. Soil samples were also collected from areas diversified in terms of use: arable land, grassland and forest. The extraction of HS fractions was performed using the procedure recommended by the International HS Society. The fractional composition of HS was characterized by UV–Vis and fluorescence methods. Soil DNA is extracted by direct cell lysis in the using a CTAB-based method with a commonly-used commercial soil DNA isolation kit. The basis for assessing the quantity and quality of extracted DNA was the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reaction since the analysis of soil DNA often relies on the use of PCR to study soil microorganisms.

Results
Based on the results, it can be concluded that in the presence of a high concentration of HS, the isolated DNA was low quality and the additional purification procedure was necessary. Despite the differentiation of the internal structure of HS fractions, the decisive factor in the efficiency of DNA isolation from soil samples was the total carbon content in HS. Reduced DNA yields can significantly constrain PCR detection limits to levels inadequate for metagenomic analysis, especially from humus-rich soils.
Review on Termite Mound Soil Characteristics and Agricultural Importance
Authors: Subi S. , Sheela A. Merline 
Published: July 2020

Addition of soil with various amendments to boost up the nutrient content and moisture holding capacity is necessary for improving the crop productivity. Among the various amendments, compost prepared from the crop residues attracted much attention in recent years. The crop residues used as feedstock are added with different bulking materials such as rice husk and sewage sludge. In addition to these, termite mound soil which is available in plenty in tropical countries is found to be a suitable bulking material and is added with crop residues to obtain nutrient rich compost. In this paper we reviewed researches carried out on the characteristics, microbial diversity and organic matter degrading enzymes in termite mound soil. Further, the research carried out on the characteristics of compost amended with termite mound soil and its effect on crop productivity is also reviewed with the available literature. Majority of the investigations concluded that termite mound soil possessed more microbial population with a huge array of organic matter degrading enzymes. Few studies monitored the nutrient content of the soil and water holding capacity of the soil and crop yield when termite mound soil was used as a soil amendment. Limited studies were conducted using termite mound soil as a bulking material to compost crop residues. Based on the outcome of various studies, it is understood that the termite mound soil might be used as a soil amendment to increase growth and yield of crops.