bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximising survival by shifting the daily timing of activity
Authors: van der Vinne Vincent , Tachinardi Patricia , Riede Sjaak J. , Akkerman Jildert , Scheepe Jamey , Daan Serge , Hut Roelof A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMaximising survival requires animals to balance the competing demands of maintaining energy balance and avoiding predation. Here, quantitative modelling shows that optimising the daily timing of activity and rest based on the encountered environmental conditions enables small mammals to maximise survival. Our model shows that nocturnality is typically beneficial when predation risk is higher during the day than during the night, but this is reversed by the energetic benefit of diurnality when food becomes scarce. Empirical testing under semi‐natural conditions revealed that the daily timing of activity and rest in mice exposed to manipulations in energy availability and perceived predation risk is in line with the model’s predictions. Low food availability and decreased perceived daytime predation risk promote diurnal activity patterns. Overall, our results identify temporal niche switching in small mammals as a strategy to maximise survival in response to environmental changes in food availability and perceived predation risk.
Safety and efficacy of taurine as an add‐on treatment for tics in youngsters
Authors: Ding L. , Yang Z. , Liu G. , Ran N. , Yi M. , Li H. , Zhao H. , Tang L. , Cheng H. , Zhao J. , Zhang Y. , Ji X. , Liu S. 
Published: October 2019

Background and purposeThe pathophysiological model of tics generally describes disruption of γ‐aminobutyric acid transmission, and taurine is found to be an agonist of γ‐aminobutyric acid receptors. The study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of taurine as an add‐on treatment for tics.MethodsFour hundred and four youngsters with tic disorders were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of either oral taurine or placebo. The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale was used to measure tic severity. The primary outcome measure was global severity scores reduced by more than 60% compared with baseline scores.ResultsThree hundred and eighty‐two patients were successfully treated. At week 4, no significant differences were found in the treatment effect and the total occurrence of adverse drug reactions between the taurine and placebo groups. At week 12, the proportion of significant improvement in tics was significantly higher in the taurine group than the placebo group (53.4% with taurine versus 34.5% without taurine; relative risk 1.546; P < 0.001), and no group differences were found in the total occurrence of adverse drug reactions.ConclusionsTaurine is safe and effective for tics.
Intensification of dairy production can increase the GHG mitigation potential of the land use sector in East Africa
Authors: Brandt Patric , Yesuf Gabriel , Herold Martin , Rufino Mariana C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) could face food shortages in the future because of its growing population. Agricultural expansion causes forest degradation in SSA through livestock grazing, reducing forest carbon (C) sinks and increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, intensification should produce more food while reducing pressure on forests. This study assessed the potential for the dairy sector in Kenya to contribute to low‐emissions development by exploring three feeding scenarios. The analyses used empirical spatially explicit data, and a simulation model to quantify milk production, agricultural emissions and forest C loss due to grazing. The scenarios explored improvements in forage quality (Fo), feed conservation (Fe) and concentrate supplementation (Co): FoCo fed high‐quality Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), FeCo supplemented maize silage and FoFeCo a combination of Napier, silage and concentrates. Land shortages and forest C loss due to grazing were quantified with land requirements and feed availability around forests. All scenarios increased milk yields by 44%–51%, FoCo reduced GHG emission intensity from 2.4 ± 0.1 to 1.6 ± 0.1 kg CO2eq per kg milk, FeCo reduced it to 2.2 ± 0.1, whereas FoFeCo increased it to 2.7 ± 0.2 kg CO2eq per kg milk because of land use change emissions. Closing the yield gap of maize by increasing N fertilizer use reduced emission intensities by 17% due to reduced emissions from conversion of grazing land. FoCo was the only scenario that mitigated agricultural and forest emissions by reducing emission intensity by 33% and overall emissions by 2.5% showing that intensification of dairy in a low‐income country can increase milk yields without increasing emissions. There are, however, risks of C leakage if agricultural and forest policies are not aligned leading to loss of forest to produce concentrates. This approach will aid the assessment of the climate‐smartness of livestock production practices at the national level in East Africa.
Global warming and artificial shorelines reshape seashore biogeography
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Jie , Choi Francis M. P. , Ding Ping , Li Xiao‐xu , Han Guo‐dong , Ding Meng‐wen , Guo Minquan , Huang Xiong‐wei , Duan Wei‐xiang , Cheng Zhi‐yuan , Chen Zhi‐yuan , Hawkins Stephen J. , Jiang Yuwu , Helmuth Brian , Dong Yun‐wei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimRapid anthropogenic warming coupled with changes in land use is altering the distributions of species, with consequences for ecosystem functioning and services. It is crucial to evaluate species range shifts based on understanding of the interaction of temperature with non‐climatic factors such as habitat availability and dispersal potential. Here, we aim to investigate roles of environmental temperature, habitat availability and population connectivity on the distributions of hard‐shore intertidal animals. We further examine potential roles of extensive artificial seawall construction in enabling poleward expansion of species in China, thus reshaping coastal biogeography.LocationChinese coast.Time period2013–2017.Major taxa studiedIntertidal invertebrates.MethodsWe took an integrative approach encompassing distributional ecology, thermal physiology, molecular genetics, heat budget modelling and larval dispersal to elucidate how interacting multiple drivers, including temperature, habitat availability and larval dispersal, determine distributions of hard‐shore invertebrates, focusing on what sets their range edges at a boundary between biogeographic provinces.ResultsOur results untangle the complex interactions of global climate change with the impacts of regional scale coastal development. Temperature, larval transport and habitat availability are the major proximate factors controlling the range limits of coastal marine species. The artificial shorelines provide suitable habitats for hard‐shore species on the Yangtze River Delta, and minimum temperature in winter is an important factor setting the new northern range limit of these hard‐shore species along the Chinese coast.Main conclusionsIn the face of global warming and global sprawl of marine hard infrastructure, species distributions, community structures and biogeographic patterns are experiencing dramatic changes. The combined influence of multiple human stressors including climate change and artificial shorelines can be evaluated by using a multidisciplinary framework, including ecological distribution, physiological sensitivity of species to these stressors, and the role of dispersal in maintaining population connectivity.
The difficulty in evidencing family estrangement to attain statutory finance in UK Higher Education
Authors: Bland Becca , Blake Lucy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAcquiring statutory funding to study in Higher Education brings complex difficulties for UK students under the age of 25 who are estranged from their family, but have not been part of the care system. This paper explores the experiences of 564 estranged students and their experiences of providing evidence of family estrangement in order to access statutory student financial support. It finds that those who disclosed their family estrangement to a professional found it easier to access statutory student finance. However, the stigma around family estrangement was a barrier to disclosure as participants felt shame and humiliation when approaching a professional to support their application. These difficulties led to substantial delays in receiving statutory finance for estranged students which subsequently had an impact on their retention and equitable student experience at the beginning of the academic year. The paper concludes with key recommendations for improvements to the process of proving family estrangement. It will question the parental means‐testing system itself, outlining key disadvantages for students experiencing family disruption.
Impact of pharmacy medicine information service advice on clinician and patient outcomes: an overview
Authors: Rutter Jill , Rutter Paul 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPharmacy‐led medicine information (MI) services are available in many countries to support clinicians and patients make decisions on use of medicines.ObjectivesTo establish what impact, if any, pharmacy‐led MI services have on clinician and patient outcomes.MethodsAll published works indexed in Embase or PubMed, meeting this review's inclusion and exclusion criteria, that wholly or partially attempted to measure the effects of MI advice were retrieved and assessed.ResultsTwenty studies were reviewed. Five broad themes were identified describing study findings, three were specific to clinicians: their views on the effect MI answers had; actions they took; and influence on their decision making. A fourth theme centred on patient utilisation of advice, and the fifth on ‘process measures’ attempting to determine MI worth.DiscussionStudies report on positive patient outcomes as a direct result of MI advice. Clinicians and patients acted upon the advice provided. Clinicians also reported using MI advice as a ‘safety net’, to check, reassure or confirm what to do. MI advice also demonstrated economic worth, although these studies are old.ConclusionMI Service advice appears to affect clinician and patient outcomes. However, study design limitations require findings be viewed cautiously.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for radiation cystitis after pelvic radiotherapy: Systematic review of the recent literature
Authors: Villeirs Lauren , Tailly Thomas , Ost Piet , Waterloos Marjan , Decaestecker Karel , Fonteyne Valerie , Van Praet Charles , Lumen Nicolaas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present study assessed the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in reducing symptoms of radiation cystitis, a specific type of iatrogenic injury to the bladder, by systematic review of recent literature. The MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched using combinations of the terms “radiation,” “cystitis” and “hyperbaric oxygen” to identify articles evaluating patients with radiation cystitis, treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Only recent (≤10 years) original studies were included. Data were extracted and pooled in order to calculate descriptive weighted averages. Articles were evaluated on their level of evidence. A total of 20 papers were obtained, resulting in a cohort of 815 patients who were treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy for radiation cystitis. Overall and complete response rates varied from 64.8% to 100% and 20% to 100%, respectively. The weighted average overall and complete response rates were 87.3% and 65.3%, respectively. Adverse events were observed in 9.6% of the patients, but permanent side‐effects were rare. The most prominent limitations were high cost and low availability. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is effective in the treatment of radiation‐induced cystitis, with minimal adverse events, but low availability and high cost. At present, evidence is low; therefore, more prospective studies are required.
Pre‐term birth and asthma is associated with hypomineralized second primary molars in pre‐schoolers: A population‐based study
Authors: Lima Luciano Rodrigues Silva , Pereira Ananda Souza , de Moura Marcoeli Silva , Lima Cacilda Castelo Branco , Paiva Saul Martins , Moura Lúcia de Fátima Almeida de Deus , de Deus Moura de Lima Marina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundHypomineralized second primary molar (HSPM) is a developmental enamel defect that represents a caries‐risk factor. There are few studies about HSPM epidemiology in representative populations.AimTo determine the prevalence and factors associated with HSPM in pre‐schoolers.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional population‐based study of 5‐year‐old pre‐schoolers from Teresina, Brazil. The sample was randomly selected and stratified by geographic region of the city, type of school (public and private), and sex of the pre‐schoolers (n = 811). Sociodemographic status and pre‐, peri‐, and post‐natal conditions were collected by structured questionnaires. Two calibrated examiners diagnosed HSPM using the criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry for molar‐incisor hypomineralization. Severity, colour, location, and extent of lesions were also evaluated. Descriptive analysis of the data and a Poisson regression analysis were performed (P < .05).ResultsThe prevalence of HSPM was 14.9. Demarcated opacities (75.6%) and white/cream colour were the most prevalent (71.4%). Pre‐term pre‐schoolers had 66% (PR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.07‐2.58), and those who reported asthma in the first year of life had 69% (PR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.01‐2.85) higher prevalence of HSPM.ConclusionsPre‐term birth and reported asthma in the first year of life were associated with HSPM. The prevalence of HSPM in pre‐schoolers aged 5 years old in Teresina was high.
On the corporate use of green bonds
Authors: Bagnoli Mark , Watts Susan G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhen do wholesalers issue green bonds to finance their socially responsible activities instead of charging a premium for the products they produce? We show that in less competitive retail markets when retailers can “skim” more of the premium that end consumers pay for socially responsible products, green bonds provide additional funds to help cover the cost of a wholesaler's socially responsible activities. Similar incentives arise if the wholesaler's input is a small component of the end consumers’ product, or if it is difficult for end consumers to identify the wholesaler's socially responsible activities.
Fluorescence‐aided selective removal of resin‐based composite restorative materials: An in vitro comparative study
Authors: Kiran Ramya , Chapman James , Tennant Marc , Forrest Alexander , Walsh Laurence J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimDuring removal of resin‐based composite (RBC) restorations, removal of adjacent sound tooth structure can easily occur. The aim of the study was to compare the fluorescence‐aided identification of restorations (FAIR) method with the conventional method (CM) using white light illumination for the selective removal of tooth‐colored RBC restorations.Materials and MethodsSixty extracted teeth were used to prepare 15 sets of models, each with four teeth. Cavities were prepared in each tooth and a digital three‐dimensional scan of each model was taken in STL format. The teeth were then restored with either Admira Fusion, GRADIA DIRECT X, or TPH Spectra LV (20 teeth for each). Five dentists removed the restorations from sets of 12 teeth (six each using FAIR, and six using CM). From a postoperative scan, changes in intercuspal cavity width were measured using the 3D tool CAD software.ResultsUsing FAIR, changes in cavity width were not significant (P = .17), and there was no significant interoperator variance (P = .3). In contrast, when using CM, there was a significant increase in cavity width (P = .0025), and considerable interoperator variance (P = .03). FAIR allowed faster completion of the task of restoration removal (average time 100.23 seconds, vs 165.13 seconds from CM).ConclusionThe FAIR method facilitates the selective removal of tooth‐colored RBC restorations, with reduced time and less inadvertent removal of sound tooth structure.Clinical SignificanceBy enhancing the differentiation between the restorative material and adjacent tooth structure, the FAIR method facilitates removal of tooth‐colored restorations, while concurrently prevents unnecessary removal of healthy tooth structure. The same approach may have applications for removal of resin‐based materials such as resin cements under restorations, resin fissure sealants, and orthodontic brackets bonding resins.
Changes in physiology and virulence during the selection of resistant Yersinia ruckeri mutants under subinhibitory cefotaxime concentrations
Authors: García‐Torrico Ana Isabel , Guijarro José A. , Cascales Desirée , Méndez Jessica 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBacterial antibiotic resistance is one of the main healthcare problems currently. Apart from reducing antibiotic efficacy, it has awakened the interest of scientists due to its association with bacterial fitness and virulence. Interestingly, antibiotic resistance can be a source of both increased fitness and decreased fitness, even though the molecular basis of these relationships remains unknown. The aim of this work is to define the effects of sub‐MIC concentrations of cefotaxime, an antibiotic extensively used in clinical practice, on the physiology and virulence of Yersinia ruckeri and to determine the importance of these sub‐MIC concentrations for the selection of antibiotic‐resistant mutants in the aquatic environment. Results indicated that exposure to sub‐MIC concentrations of cefotaxime selected Y. ruckeri populations with irreversible alterations in the physiology, such as slow growth, aggregation in liquid cultures and modification of the colony morphology. These bacteria also displayed changes in the OMPs and LPS profiles and a full attenuation of virulence. An overexpression of the envelope stress regulator RpoE was also detected after exposure to the antibiotic. In conclusion, exposure to cefotaxime selected, at high frequency, Y. ruckeri strains that survive the antibiotic stress at the expense of a fitness cost and the loss of virulence.
Microbiological and chemical quality of different types of salted pearl mullet (Chalcalburnus tarichi Pallas, 1811)
Authors: Ogur Seda , Erkan Nuray 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis research aimed to determine microbiological and chemical quality of different types of salted pearl mullet (Chalcalburnus tarichi Pallas, 1811). Samples of salted pearl mullet (C. tarichi Pallas, 1811), produced by six different methods, were obtained from three different local producers at the end of the hunting season of 2016 and 2017 (May–June) with wooden boxes, plastic cans, or in bottom perforated plastic cans. Samples stored in a cold storage (2 ± 2°C) were analyzed in August and September of 2017. Six fish were used in each sampling day and thus the analyses were completed in 18 days. So, 108 fish samples were analyzed (3 producer × 6 method × 3 sample for each method × 2 hunting season). Analysis results were calculated as mean ± SD. One‐way analysis of variance was used to determine whether there was a significant difference between the sample groups analyzed, and p < .05 was considered significant. All sample groups were found to be appropriate according to total mesophilic aerobic bacteria count, but one sample group (OS11‐old sample, gutted and cleaned fish producted in wooden box according to method 1) included Salmonella spp. and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, it was found to be inappropriate (p < .05). The total volatile basic nitrogen acceptability upper limit (25–30 mg/100 g) were found to be exceeded in three sample groups (OS12‐old sample, ungutted, and uncleaned fish producted in wooden box according to method 1, OS31‐old sample, gutted, and cleaned fish producted in bottom perforated plastic can according to method 3, OS32‐old sample, ungutted, and uncleaned fish producted in bottom perforated plastic can according to method 3) (p < .05) and the tiobarbituric acid index value was found to vary between 13.32 ± 0.08 and 31.43 ± 0.04 μg malondialdehyde/g (p < .05). According to histamine results, all sample groups were determined at acceptable values (p > .05). However, it was determined that the salt amount of the sample groups was very high in raw, and that more than half of the salt amount remained in the samples, even after baked waiting for 3 hr in warm water (p < .05).
The effects of nanoemulsions based on citrus essential oils (orange, mandarin, grapefruit, and lemon) on the shelf life of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets at 4 ± 2°C
Authors: Durmus Mustafa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of nanoemulsions of orange, grapefruit, mandarin, and lemon essential oils on rainbow trout fillets stored at 4 ± 2°C in refrigerator. The results demonstrated that the shelf life of the rainbow trout fillets was determined as 10 days for the control group, 12 days for the tween 80 (surfactant), 14 days for orange and lemon treatment groups, and 16 days for mandarin and grapefruit groups. Nanoemulsions based on essential oils removed the fishy odor and had a positive effect on organoleptic quality. The use of citrus essential oil‐based nanoemulsions decreased the values of biochemical parameters and slowed the growth of bacteria compared to the control group. Among all treatment groups, only the control group exceeded the TVB‐N limit value on the 12th day of storage. PV and FFA values in fillets treated with mandarin and grapefruit nanoemulsions developed more slowly during the storage period. In addition, the lowest bacteria counts were found in the mandarin and grapefruit treatment groups. It can be concluded that especially mandarin and grapefruit EOs in all citrus essential oils can be recommended for preparing nanoemulsions in the preservation of rainbow trout fillets.
Positive correlation between pancreatic volume and post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis
Authors: Maruyama Hirotsugu , Shiba Masatsugu , Ishikawa‐Kakiya Yuki , Kato Kunihiro , Ominami Masaki , Fukunaga Shusei , Otani Koji , Hosomi Shuhei , Tanaka Fumio , Kamata Noriko , Taira Koichi , Nagami Yasuaki , Yamagami Hirokazu , Tanigawa Tetsuya , Watanabe Toshio , Yamamoto Akira , Kabata Daijiro , Shintani Ayumi , Fujiwara Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and AimPost‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) remains the most common and serious adverse event associated with ERCP. Risk factors for PEP have been described in various reports. However, risk factors have not been quantified to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for PEP by quantification of pancreatic volume using pre‐ERCP images.MethodsOverall, 800 patients were recruited from April 2012 to February 2015 for this study. There were 168 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Measurement of pancreatic volume was achieved using the volume analyzer SYNAPSE VINCENT in all cases and was used to evaluate the risk factors for PEP.ResultsAccording to the criteria established by the consensus guidelines (Cotton classification), 17 patients (10.1%) were classified as having mild disease, 4 (2.4%) as having moderate disease, and 5 (3.0%) as having severe disease. Multivariate model analysis showed that a large pancreatic volume was a significant risk factor for PEP (odds ratio [OR] 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.13;P < 0.001). In addition, the association between the pancreatic volume and the severity of PEP was positively correlated (the effect of volume [per 1 mL]; OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.07–1.12;P < 0.001, the effect of volume [per 10 mL]; OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.72–3.00;P < 0.001). A larger pancreatic volume was significantly associated with a higher incidence of PEP.ConclusionsA large pancreatic volume was identified as a risk factor for PEP. The results of this study suggest that pre‐ERCP images might be useful for predicting PEP.