bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of cognitive‐motor expertise on brain dynamics of anticipatory‐based outcome processing
Authors: Lu Yingzhi , Yang Tiantian , Hatfield Bradley D. , Cong Fengyu , Zhou Chenglin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMotor experience plays an important role in the ability to anticipate action outcomes, but little is known about the brain processes through which it modulates the preparation for unexpected events. To address this issue, EEG was employed while table tennis players and novices observed videos of serves in order to predict the expected ball direction based on the kinematics of a model’s movement. Furthermore, we manipulated the congruency between the model’s body kinematics and the subsequent ball trajectory while assessing the cerebral cortical activity of novices and experts to understand how experts respond to unexpected outcomes. Experts were more accurate in predicting the ball trajectories than novices and were further differentiated from novices in the cortical dynamics just prior to ball contact and during the period of observation of the ball trajectories. Consistent with the predicted response‐outcome model, experts exhibited elevated theta oscillations during the incongruent relative to the congruent trajectories, while no such differences were observed in the novices. Source estimation for theta activity revealed stronger activation in the middle frontal gyrus for the experts in response to the incongruent trajectories. Collectively, the observed differences in cortical dynamics between the groups suggest that motor experience promotes central neural system adaptations that facilitate preparation for anticipated outcomes and contributes to adaptive cognitive‐motor responses in the face of uncertainty.
Salt‐tolerance diversity in diploid and polyploid cotton (Gossypium) species
Authors: Dong Yating , Hu Guanjing , Yu Jingwen , Thu Sandi Win , Grover Corrinne E. , Zhu Shuijin , Wendel Jonathan F. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe development of salt‐tolerant genotypes is pivotal for the effective utilization of salinized land and to increase global crop productivity. Several cotton species comprise the most important source of textile fibers globally, and these are increasingly grown on marginal or increasingly saline agroecosystems. The allopolyploid cotton species also provide a model system for polyploid research, of relevance here because polyploidy was suggested to be associated with increased adaptation to stress. To evaluate the genetic variation of salt tolerance among cotton species, 17 diverse accessions of allopolyploid (AD‐genome) and diploid (A‐ and D‐genome) Gossypium were evaluated for a total of 29 morphological and physiological traits associated with salt tolerance. For most morphological and physiological traits, cotton accessions showed highly variable responses to 2 weeks of exposure to moderate (50 mm NaCl) and high (100 mm NaCl) hydroponic salinity treatments. Our results showed that the most salt‐tolerant species were the allopolyploid Gossypium mustelinum from north‐east Brazil, the D‐genome diploid Gossypium klotzschianum from the Galapagos Islands, followed by the A‐genome diploids of Africa and Asia. Generally, A‐genome accessions outperformed D‐genome cottons under salinity conditions. Allopolyploid accessions from either diploid genomic group did not show significant differences in salt tolerance, but they were more similar to one of the two progenitor lineages. Our findings demonstrate that allopolyploidy in itself need not be associated with increased salinity stress tolerance and provide information for using the secondary Gossypium gene pool to breed for improved salt tolerance.
Posttransfusion hyperhemolysis is arrested by targeting macrophage activation with novel use of Tocilizumab
Authors: Lee Lauren E. , Beeler Bradley W. , Graham Brendan C. , Cap Andrew P. , Win Nay , Chen Frederick 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUNDHyperhemolysis syndrome (HHS) is a posttransfusion complication most frequently seen in sickle cell disease (SCD), characterized by rapid destruction of transfused and autologous red blood cells (RBCs), resulting in reticulocytopenia and a decrease in hemoglobin to below pretransfusion levels. Additional RBC transfusion can be life threatening. Most patients improve with intravenous immune globulin and steroids, but in refractory cases, hyperhemolysis may result in multiorgan failure and death in the absence of salvage therapy. The exact pathophysiology of HHS remains uncertain, yet new insights suggest that RBC destruction is driven by activated macrophages. Therefore, we propose that antimacrophage therapy may represent an effective treatment.CASE REPORTA case of life‐threatening HHS, refractory to intravenous immune globulin and steroids, in a patient with SCD is presented. Marked elevation in ferritin, an indirect marker of macrophage activation, a negative direct antiglobulin test, and the absence of RBC alloantibodies was noted. A hemoglobin nadir of 2.1 g/dL and resultant hypoxemia‐induced organ failure prompted the use of tocilizumab, an interleukin‐6 receptor monoclonal antibody. Hemoglobin‐based oxygen carrier‐201, a cell‐free polymerized bovine hemoglobin, was used to support the patient during critical anemia.RESULTSHemolysis resolved and ferritin dramatically decreased after administration of tocilizumab, which was well tolerated. A full recovery was achieved.CONCLUSIONThis case highlights both a novel and successful approach to managing refractory transfusion‐induced hyperhemolysis with tocilizumab and provides further evidence supporting the role for macrophage activation in the destruction of RBCs in antibody‐negative HHS. We propose that tocilizumab is an effective and rapid salvage therapy for refractory HHS.
Serum IgE against cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) in healthy and atopic dogs
Authors: Piccione Michelle L. , DeBoer Douglas J. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundCross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) are Immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐binding carbohydrate structures common to plant and insect species. In people, anti‐CCD IgE is thought to be clinically irrelevant, but to have the potential to confound serological IgE test interpretations. Previous studies reported the detection of anti‐CCD IgE in 24–73% of atopic dog sera; prevalence in healthy dogs has not been reported.ObjectiveTo compare the prevalence of anti‐CCD IgE in a group of healthy and atopic dogs.AnimalsSera from 61 healthy dogs and 101 dogs with a clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis were analyzed for IgE against CCD.Methods and materialsSera were analyzed for the presence of anti‐CCD IgE and IgE against environmental allergens using a commercial multiplex allergen‐specific IgE assay.ResultsAnti‐CCD IgE was detected in 17 of 101 (16.8%) atopic dog sera and eight of 61 (13.1%) healthy dog sera (P = 0.65, Fisher's exact test). All healthy and atopic dogs with anti‐CCD IgE had strong reactivity to grass pollens.Conclusions and clinical importanceA similar prevalence of anti‐CCD IgE was found in healthy and atopic dogs. Further investigation is warranted to determine the clinical significance of anti‐CCD IgE antibodies in dogs, how they are best detected and if blocking these antibodies during diagnostic testing has clinical value.
Associations between patient, treatment, or wound‐level factors and venous leg ulcer healing: Wound characteristics are the key factors in determining healing outcomes
Authors: Weller Carolina D. , Bouguettaya Ayoub , Team Victoria , Flegg Jennifer , Kasza Jessica , Jayathilake Chathranee 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChronic venous leg ulcers are challenging to heal and often recur. This has a significant impact on older individual health and is a financial burden on health care resources. This study aimed to identify factors associated with the healing of venous leg ulcers via secondary examination of data from a previously published prospective randomized controlled trial of elastic and inelastic compression systems. The data from the 45 patients who finished the trial was reanalyzed for a hypothesis generating study. Larger ulcers, higher exudate levels, larger calf circumferences, and longer ulcer duration at baseline were associated with lack of healing at 12 weeks. There was some evidence that NSAID use was associated with an increased likelihood of nonhealing (unadjusted OR for healing, 0.13, 95% CI (0.02, 0.70)). There was no evidence that other variables, including gender and BMI, were associated with healing. The key risk factors for wound healing are largely wound based or inherent to wound development, as these were found to be the factors with the strongest associations in the analysis. Future research should address how and why these factors are associated with wound healing over a longer time frame and explore how NSAIDs may affect wound healing outcomes.
CD4+/CD8+T‐cell ratio correlates with the graft fate in pig‐to‐non‐human primate islet xenotransplantation
Authors: Chung Hyunwoo , Kim Hyun‐Je , Kim Jung‐Sik , Yoon Il‐Hee , Min Byoung‐Hoon , Shin Jun‐Seop , Kim Jong‐Min , Lee Won‐Woo , Park Chung‐Gyu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundXenogeneic islet transplantation using porcine pancreata has been a promising option for substituting human islet transplantation. Moreover, recent advances in pre‐clinical results have put islet xenotransplantation closer to the possibility of clinical application. While preparing for the era of clinical xenotransplantation, developing non‐invasive immune monitoring method which could predict the graft fate could benefit the patient. However, there are few reports showing predictive immune parameters associated with the fate of the graft in islet xenotransplantation.MethodsThe absolute number and ratio of T‐cell subsets have been measured via flow cytometry from the peripheral blood of 16 rhesus monkeys before and after porcine islet xenotransplantation. The correlation between the graft survival and the absolute number or ratio of T cells was retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe ratio of CD4+versus CD8+T cells was significantly reduced due to CD8+effector memory cells’ increase. Correlation analyses revealed that CD4+/CD8+, CD4+/CD8+naïve, CD4+naïve/CD8+naïve, and CD4+central memory/CD8+naïve cell ratios negatively correlated with the duration of graft survival. Conversely, further analyses discovered strong, positive correlation of CD4+/CD8+cell ratios within the early graft‐rejected monkeys (≤60 days).ConclusionsThis retrospective study demonstrated that CD4+/CD8+ratios correlated with graft survival, especially in recipients which rejected the graft in early post‐transplantation periods. CD4+/CD8+ratios could be used as a surrogate marker to predict the graft fate in pig‐to‐NHP islet xenotransplantation.
Professores e conhecimento de conteúdo sobre formação para o SUS
Authors: Do Carmo-Menegaz Jouhanna , Schubert-Backes Vânia , Medina-Moya José Luis , Naiara-Leal Suzayne 
Published: October 2019

Estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa com objetivo de conhecer a percepção de estudantes de enfermagem, medicina e odontologia acerca do conhecimento de conteúdo sobre formação para o Sistema Único de Saúde(SUS)de professores de uma universidade pública brasileira.Foram participantes dezesseis estudantes, cujas entrevistas foram analisadas por meio da proposta operativa de Maria Cecília de Souza Minayo.Nos resultados há descrição de percepções de que estes professores são atualizados, utilizam literatura científica e conhecem a história, políticas e organização da rede de saúde, transpondo-os para a sua prática pedagógica através do fomento da reflexão, crítica e autonomia,utilizando como cenário os serviços de saúde.
Public sector financial support for late stage discovery of new drugs in the United States: cohort study
Authors: Nayak Rahul K , Avorn Jerry , Kesselheim Aaron S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
To determine the extent to which late stage development of new drugs relies on support from public funding.

Design
Cohort study.

Setting
All new drugs containing one or more new molecular entities approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between January 2008 and December 2017 via the new drug application pathway.

Main outcome measures
Patents or drug development histories documenting late stage research contributions by a public sector research institution or a spin-off company, as well as each drug’s regulatory approval pathway and first-in-class designation.

Results

Over the 10 year study period, the FDA approved 248 drugs containing one or more new molecular entities. Of these drugs, 48 (19%) had origins in publicly supported research and development and 14 (6%) originated in companies spun off from a publicly supported research program. Drugs in these groups were more likely to receive expedited FDA approval (68%
v
47%, P=0.005) or be designated first in class (45%
v
26%, P=0.007), indicating therapeutic importance.

Conclusions
A review of the patents associated with new drugs approved over the past decade indicates that publicly supported research had a major role in the late stage development of at least one in four new drugs, either through direct funding of late stage research or through spin-off companies created from public sector research institutions. These findings could have implications for policy makers in determining fair prices and revenue flows for these products.
Incidence of anorexia nervosa in young people in the UK and Ireland: a national surveillance study
Authors: Petkova Hristina , Simic Mima , Nicholls Dasha , Ford Tamsin , Prina A Matthew , Stuart Ruth , Livingstone Nuala , Kelly Grace , Macdonald Geraldine , Eisler Ivan , Gowers Simon , Barrett Barbara M , Byford Sarah 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate the incidence of DSM5 anorexia nervosa in young people in contact with child and adolescent mental health services in the UK and Ireland.DesignObservational, surveillance study, using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Surveillance System, involving monthly reporting by child and adolescent psychiatrists between 1st February 2015 and 30th September 2015.SettingThe study was based in the UK and Ireland.ParticipantsClinician-reported data on young people aged 8–17 in contact with child and adolescent mental health services for a first episode of anorexia nervosa.Main outcome measuresAnnual incidence rates (IRs) estimated as confirmed new cases per 100 000 population at risk.Results305 incident cases of anorexia nervosa were reported over the 8-month surveillance period and assessed as eligible for inclusion. The majority were young women (91%), from England (70%) and of white ethnicity (92%). Mean age was 14.6 years (±1.66) and mean percentage of median expected body mass index for age and sex was 83.23% (±10.99%). The overall IR, adjusted for missing data, was estimated to be 13.68 per 100 000 population (95% CI 12.88 to 14.52), with rates of 25.66 (95% CI 24.09 to 27.30) for young women and 2.28 (95% CI 1.84 to 2.79) for young men. Incidence increased steadily with age, peaking at 15 (57.77, 95% CI 50.41 to 65.90) for young women and 16 (5.14, 95% CI 3.20 to 7.83) for young men. Comparison with earlier estimates suggests IRs for children aged 12 and under have increased over the last 10 years.ConclusionThese results provide new estimates of the incidence of anorexia nervosa in young people. Service providers and commissioners should consider evidence to suggest an increase in incidence in younger children.Trial registration numberISRCTN12676087.
Does health plan type influence receipt of an annual influenza vaccination?
Authors: Watson Ian W , Oancea Sanda Cristina 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe influenza virus caused 48.8 million people to fall ill and 79 400 deaths during the 2017–2018 influenza season, yet less than 50% of US adults receive an annual flu vaccination (AFV). Having health insurance coverage influences whether individuals receive an AFV. The current study aims to determine if an association exists between an individual’s health plan type (HPT) and their receipt of an AFV.MethodsData from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the optional ‘Health Care Access’ module were used for this study. The final study sample size was 35 684. Multivariable weighted and adjusted logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the association between HPT and AFV.ResultsMedicare coverage was significantly associated with an increase in AFV for both men (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.62 (95% CI 1.28 to 2.06)) and women (AOR 1.28 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.53)). For men, other sources of coverage were also significantly positively associated with AFV (AOR 1.67 (95% CI 1.27 to 2.19)), while for women obtaining coverage on their own was significantly negatively associated with AFV (AOR 0.75 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.97)).ConclusionThese findings are of interest to health policy makers as these show there are HPTs which are effective at improving vaccination rates. Adopting methods used by these HPTs could help the USA reach its Healthy People 2020 AFV coverage goal of 70%.
Effect of changes in green spaces on mental health in older adults: a fixed effects analysis
Authors: Noordzij J Mark , Beenackers Marielle A , Oude Groeniger Joost , Van Lenthe Frank J 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundUrban green spaces have been linked to different health benefits, but longitudinal studies on the effect of green spaces on mental health are sparse and evidence often inconclusive. Our objective was to study the effect of changes in green spaces in the residential environment on changes in mental health using data with 10 years of follow-up (2004–2014).MethodsData from 3175 Dutch adults were linked to accessibility and availability measures of green spaces at three time points (2004/2011/2014). Mental health was measured with the Mental Health Inventory-5. Fixed effects analyses were performed to assess the effect of changes in green spaces on mental health.ResultsCross-sectional analysis of baseline data showed significant associations between Euclidean distances to the nearest green space and mental health, with an increase of 100 m correlating with a lower mental health score of approximately 0.5 (95% CI −0.87 to −0.12) on a 0–100 scale. Fixed effects models showed no evidence for associations between changes in green spaces and changes in mental health both for the entire sample as well as for those that did not relocate during follow-up.ConclusionsDespite observed cross-sectional correlations between the accessibility of green space in the residential environment and mental health, no evidence was found for an association between changes in green spaces and changes in mental health. If mental health and green spaces are indeed causally linked, then changes in green spaces in the Eindhoven area between 2004 and 2014 are not enough to produce a significant effect.
Development of generic core competences of health professionals in rheumatology: a systematic literature review informing the 2019 EULAR recommendations
Authors: Fragoulis George E , Edelaar Lisa , Vliet Vlieland Theodora P M , Iagnocco Annamaria , Schäfer Valentin Sebastian , Haines Catherine , Schoones Jan , Nikiphorou Elena 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo identify generic competences on the desired knowledge, skills and of health professionals in rheumatology (HPRs) to inform the respective EULAR recommendations.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed on the generic core competences (defined as knowledge, skills or attitudes) of HPRs (nurses, physical therapists (PTs) or occupational therapists (OTs)). Literature was obtained from electronic databases, published EULAR recommendations and via personal communication with representatives of national rheumatology societies and experts in the field. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies were included, and their methodological quality was scored using appropriate instruments.ResultsFrom 766 references reviewed, 79 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Twenty studies addressed competences of multiple HPRs: 15 were of qualitative design, 1 quantitative, 1 mixed-methods, 2 systematic reviews and 1 opinion paper. The methodological quality of most studies was medium to high. Five studies concerned the development of a comprehensive set of competences. Key competences included: basic knowledge of rheumatic diseases, holistic approach to patient management, effective communication with colleagues and patients and provision of education to patients. The proposed competences were confirmed in studies focusing on one or more specific competences, on a rheumatic disease or on a specific profession (nurses, PTs or OTs).ConclusionGeneric competences were identified for HPRs. Data were mostly derived from qualitative studies. All identified studies varied and were at national level, highlighting the need for the harmonisation of HPR competences across Europe. These findings underpin the development of EULAR recommendations for the core competences of HPRs.
Improved STEREO simulation with a new gamma ray spectrum of excited gadolinium isotopes using FIFRELIN
Authors: Almazán H. , Bernard L. , Blanchet A. , Bonhomme A. , Buck C. , Chebboubi A. , del Amo Sanchez P. , El Atmani I. , Haser J. , Kandzia F. , Kox S. , Labit L. , Lamblin J. , Letourneau A. , Lhuillier D. , Lindner M. , Litaize O. , Materna T. , Minotti A. , Pessard H. , Réal J. -S. , Roca C. , Salagnac T. , Savu V. , Schoppmann S. , Sergeyeva V. , Soldner T. , Stutz A. , Thulliez L. , Vialat M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract.
The STEREO experiment measures the electron antineutrino spectrum emitted in a research reactor using the inverse beta decay reaction on H nuclei in a gadolinium loaded liquid scintillator. The detection is based on a signal coincidence of a prompt positron and a delayed neutron capture event. The simulated response of the neutron capture on gadolinium is crucial for the comparison with data, in particular in the case of the detection efficiency. Among all stable isotopes, 155Gd and 157Gd have the highest cross sections for thermal neutron capture. The excited nuclei after the neutron capture emit gamma rays with a total energy of about 8MeV. The complex level schemes of 156Gd and 158Gd are a challenge for the modeling and prediction of the deexcitation spectrum, especially for compact detectors where gamma rays can escape the active volume. With a new description of the Gd (n,$ \gamma$γ) cascades obtained using the FIFRELIN code, the agreement between simulation and measurements with a neutron calibration source was significantly improved in the STEREO experiment. A database of ten millions of deexcitation cascades for each isotope has been generated and is now available for the user.