bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact and Clinical Implications of the Cognitive Function and Nutritional Assessment at Admission on Hospital Outcomes and Mortality in Acutely Ill Geriatric Patients
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroshi , Ogawa Kenichi , Morooka Toshifumi , Hisamatsu Yasushi , Ishitake Tatsuya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The nutritional and mental status of older patients are closely related and may serve as an indicator of hospital outcomes and early nutrition interventions.Objective We aim to appraise the impact on mortality and hospital outcomes by the revised simplified short-term memory recall test (STMT-R) and the short-form mini-nutritional assessment (MNA-SF) simultaneous at admission.Methods The subjects were 727 acute inpatients with ≥50 years of age from December 2014 to September 2015. Following the collection of clinical data (base illness, length of stay, etc.), survival was subsequently measured for 4-5 years until September 2019. An STMT-R score of ≤4 and MNA-SF score ≤7 were considered to indicate cognitive dysfunction and malnourishment respectively. Cox’s proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the hazard of death according to the severity of dementia and the nutrition status, with adjustment for potential covariates. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results The mean age of the study population was 78.9 years old, and 52.7% of the patients were female. 118 patients could not complete the cognitive test (Incomplete Testing Group [ITG]). 385 and 224 patients were classified into the cognitive dysfunction (CDG) and non-cognitive dysfunction groups (NCDG), respectively. 370, 299 and 58 patients were classified into the “malnourished” (MNG), “at risk of malnutrition” (ARNG) and “well-nourished” (WNG) groups, respectively. A poor cognitive function and poor nutritional status at admission were associated with worse clinical indicators. 276 patients (38.0%) died during the 4 to 5 years of follow-up. The risks of mortality in the ITG, CDG and MNG was 3.88 (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 2.57-5.98), 1.84 (1.28-2.72) and 4.22 (1.76-13.9), respectively. In addition, the cumulative survival rate was 23.6% for the combination of advanced dementia and malnutrition, but 51.0% for moderate dementia and malnutrition. Even undernourishment may improve the prognosis of patients with mild to moderate cognitive impairment.Conclusion The early simultaneous measurements of the cognitive function and nutritional status is expected to be useful for predicting the the hospital prognosis, mortality and the effects of early comprehensive nutritional intervention in acute elderly patients with cognitive decline.
Persistently high levels of immune activation and their correlation with the HIV-1 proviral DNA and 2-LTR circles loads, in a cohort of Mexican individuals following long-term and fully suppressive treatment.
Authors: Orta-Resendiz Aurelio , Viveros-Rogel Monica , Fuentes-Romero Luis L , Vergara-Mendoza Moises , Romero-Rodriguez Damaris P , Munoz-Lopez Monica , Zancatl-Diaz Martha L , Vidal-Laurencio Elsa Y , Rodriguez-Diaz Roberto A , Soto-Ramirez Luis E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The main cause of the persistently high levels of immune activation in HIV positive patients undergoing suppressive chronic cART is still unknown. Previous findings have suggested a link between ongoing residual viral replication originating from the HIV reservoir and the immune activation levels. However, there is no clear evidence of this assumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the reservoir and the levels of immune activation in chronic patients under fully suppressive cART. Methods We conducted a prospective longitudinal study in a cohort of HIV positive patients undergoing cART for more than 5 years without any documented blips. We quantified the HIV proviral DNA and the 2-LTR circles loads from PBMCs, the levels of immune activation and proliferation markers of T-cells (CD38+, Ki-67+), and the levels of plasmatic IL-7 at enrollment and 1-year of follow-up. Correlation analysis and group comparison were performed. Results 29 participants with a median of 8 years (IQR, 6.9-9.4) under suppressive cART were enrolled and successfully followed at 1 year. In this cohort, we found higher levels of CD8+ T-cell activation (CD38+) after 1-year (P = .000). There was a very weak correlation between the levels of immune activation and the proviral DNA of CD4+ T-cell and CD8+ T-cell. The levels of Ki-67+ T-cells declined on time without significant differences, and there was no significant correlation with the proportion of activated T-cells. The plasmatic levels of IL-7 decreased at the follow-up observation (P = .094), but there was no correlation with the levels of immune activation either. Conclusions We found a weak correlation of the levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation with the proviral DNA and 2-LTR circles. This suggests the likely occurrence of further mechanisms driving chronic versus early immune activation other than viral replication by itself in subjects under chronic suppressive cART. More importantly, we highlight the relevance of decreasing T-cell activation in chronic patients to lower the risk of morbidity and early mortality by investigating other activation pathways in specifically chronic phases.
Demand and Supply Side Factors Associated with the Use of Contraceptive Methods in Pakistan: A Contemplative Study of Demographic and Health Surveys, 1990-2018
Authors: Jabeen Sadia , Rathor Adnan , Riaz Maria , Zakar Rubeena , Fischer Florian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: A remarkable decline in fertility rates has been observed in many countries, with a primary determinant being an increase in the use of contraceptives. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effect of demand and supply-side factors associated with the use of contraceptive measures in Pakistan. Method: Secondary data analysis of four data series of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS 1990–91, 2006–07, 2012–13, and 2017–18) were used. The data includes ever-married women aged 15–49 years who had given birth in the previous five years and participated in the family-planning module of the PDHS. A total number of 25,318 women were included in the analysis. Data was analysed by investigating the associations between independent variables (demand and supply-side factors) and the use of contraceptive measures through unadjusted Odds Ratios (OR) and adjusted OR (AOR). Results: A majority of the women were illiterate and not in employment. There was an increase in the number of women who did not use contraceptive methods in rural areas over time. Among demand-side factors, the results indicated that, in 2012–13, women without media exposure were less likely to use contraceptives (OR 0.396, 95% CI 0.353–0.442), and the trend remains almost constant for 2017–18 (OR 0.432, 95% CI 0.391–0.477). These findings change slightly in the adjusted analysis (AOR 0.664, 95% CI 0.562–0.784) in 2012–13 and (AOR 0.654, 95% CI 0.483–0.885) in 2017–18; however, they still show a lower likelihood of using contraceptives without media exposure. Among supply-side factors, the results indicated that absence of transport (2012–13) and limited visits by family-planning workers over the previous 12 months (2006–07, 2012–13, and 2017–18) remained significant factors for not using contraceptive methods. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that certain demand and supply-side factors are associated with the use of contraceptive measures in Pakistan. It highlights the need for the provision of family-planning resources and further structural factors, particularly in remote areas.
First symptoms of prenatally undetected heart defects
Authors: Pavlicek Jan , Klaskova Eva , Kapralova Sabina , Palatova Alzbeta , Piegzova Alicja , Spacek Richard , Gruszka Tomas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Severe or critical congenital heart defects (CHDs) are 35% of those detected only after birth. The aim of the study was to measure the incidence of these CHDs, identify their clinical symptoms, and determine individual risk periods for CHD manifestation. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2009 to 2018 in a population of 175,153 live births. Occurrence of the first symptoms of CHD was noted as early neonatal (0–7 days), late neonatal (8–28 days), in early infancy (1–6 months), or in late infancy (6–12 months). The first symptom for which the child was referred to a pediatric cardiologist was defined as a symptom of CHD. Results : There were 598 severe CHDs diagnosed (3.3 cases/1000), and 70% were isolated anomalies. A concomitant genetic disorder was diagnosed in 20%, and extracardiac pathology with a normal karyotype was present in 10%. Of the total, 53% of CHDs were detected prenatally and excluded. The remaining 47% developed CHD symptoms postnatally. Of these, 74% were diagnosed as early neonates, 16% as late neonates, and 10% as infants. Defects requiring repeated operations manifested significantly earlier than those with requiring one primary correction. The most common symptoms leading to the diagnosis of CHD were heart murmur and cyanosis. Conclusions : Despite the effectiveness of prenatal diagnosis, some children will be born with undiagnosed major heart defects. Assessment of symptoms and early detection of the defect is crucial.
Adherence to Plasmodium vivax malaria treatment in Hanura Public Health Center, Pesawaran District of Indonesia
Authors: Rosa Emantis , Shafira Indah Dian , Oktaria Dwita , Arifiyanto Achmad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The Indonesian government has put malaria as a priority disease that needs to be addressed. Lampung is one of the provinces with a high malaria incidence with Annual Paracite Incidence at 4.44 per 1000 population. The most cases occurred in Pesawaran Regency. There were 1.915 malaria cases in 2016. The highest positive case of malaria occurred in the Hanura Health Center with 1.738 cases, with the most cases being vivax malaria. The high case of malaria in the region is due to the favorable natural conditions as mosquito breeding places such as forests, lagoons and abandoned ponds. One of the biggest challenges in the treatment of malaria is the decline in the efficacy of even anti-malaria drug resistance due to low adherence in taking the drug. So this research is important to know the level of adherence to take medication in patients with vivax malaria in the work area of ​​the Hanura Health Center.Methods: This research was a descriptive analytic study with survey methods. Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) questionnaire was used as the instrument. Eligible patients’who had undergone treatment with Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy and primaquine for 14 days were The subject of study. They were numbered 68 people in the working area of ​​Hanura Health Center.Results: The level of adherence to take medication in patients with vivax malaria in the working area of ​​Hanura Health Center is classified as low, namely a high compliance rate of 44.1% and a low compliance rate of 55.9%. The highest proportion of respondents with low levels of adherence were aged 25-45 years (55.3%), low education level (81.6%), working (57.9%), and having a history of malaria more than once (94, 7%).Conclusions: The level of adherence to take treatment in patients with vivax malaria in the working area of ​​Hanura Health Center is relatively low, with the highest proportion of adults, low education, work and have a history of malaria more than once.
Underlying Mechanism of Uncoupled Cell Growth and Ethanol Fermentation of Zymomonas mobilis using Different Nitrogen Sources
Authors: Li Runxia , Jin Mingjie , Du Jun , Chen Shouwen , Yang Shihui 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Microbial growth needs C, N, P, S as well as metal ions such as magnesium, which is a major cofactor for enzymes involved in various metabolic activities. Yeast extract is widely used as nitrogen supply as well as vitamins and growth factors to sustain microbial growth in the culture medium. Zymomonas mobilis is a model ethanologenic bacterium for ethanol production, and has been developing as a chassis for diverse biochemical production. Although yeast extract is routinely used to prepare rich medium (RM) for Z. mobilis, the glucose consumption and ethanol production of Z. mobilis in RM were not coupled with cell growth in some studies. Results: In this study, the effects of different nitrogen sources as well as the supplementation of additional nitrogen source into RM and minimum medium (MM) on cell growth and ethanol fermentation of Z. mobilis were investigated to understand the uncoupled cell growth and ethanol fermentation for efficient carbon utilization and optimal ethanol productivity of Z. mobilis. Our results indicated that nitrogen sources such as yeast extract from different companies affected cell growth, glucose utilization, and the corresponding ethanol production. We also quantified the concentrations of major ion elements in different organic nitrogen sources using the quantitative analytic approach of Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and demonstrated that metal ions such as magnesium in the media affected glucose consumption, cell growth, and ethanol fermentation. The effect of magnesium on gene expression was further investigated using RNA-Seq transcriptomics, and our result indicated that the lack of Mg2+ triggered stress responses while decreasing energy-consuming metabolism. Conclusions: Our work demonstrated that concentrations of metal ions such as magnesium and molybdenum in nitrogen sources are essential for vigorous cell growth, and the difference of Mg2+concentration in different yeast extract was one of the major factors affecting the coupling of cell growth and ethanol fermentation in Z. mobilis. We also revealed that genes responsive for Mg2+ deficiency in the medium were majorly related to stress responses and energy conservation. The importance of metal ions on cell growth and ethanol fermentation suggested that metal ions should become one of the parameters for monitoring the quality of commercial nitrogen sources and optimizing microbial culture medium for economic biochemical production.
Seasonal effects of climate and land use changes on ecological niche of a migratory bird
Authors: Illan Javier Gutierrez , Wang Guiming , Cunningham Fred L , King D Tommy 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The habitat selection strategies followed by migratory populations are a major concern for conservation and management. Consequently, the ability to predict their distribution and potential changes in migratory behaviour is a pressing challenge for ecological modelling in a changing world. There are two main strategies of habitat selection adopted by migratory animals: tracking optimal conditions or acclimatizing to a changing environment between seasons. In this study, we investigate the variations in ecological niche of gps-tracked American White Pelicans (AWPE) associated with their seasonal migration. We also investigated whether recent changes in food resources in their wintering grounds have exerted an impact on the habitat selection behaviour of AWPE. Methods: We developed Maximum Entropy (MAXENT) Species Distribution Models (SDM) using data from GPS-tracked AWPE. We then compared climatic and land-cover niche breadth and overlap between their breeding and wintering grounds in relation to the facultative migratory behaviour of AWPE. Results: Our climatic, land-cover, and combined SDMs obtained a high predictive performance. Several lines of our findings support our hypothesis that AWPE habitat selection strategy follows the “niche switcher” theory. American White Pelicans showed little climatic niche overlap between nesting and wintering seasons. Migrants in the breeding grounds showed broader climatic niche than residents and migrants in the wintering grounds. Finally, declines in availability of food resources provided by commercial aquaculture in their wintering grounds appeared to affect the niche variations of AWPE, with land-cover niche being narrower before than after the decline in aquaculture. Conclusions: If AWPE can effectively adapt and occupy different niches when they migrate instead of tracking suitable climate conditions, this can have important implications in the context of Global Change, since they might respond unexpectedly to anthropogenic changes, like the recent decline in aquaculture as a food resource reported here.
Stability of fcc phase FeH to 137 GPa
Authors: Kato Chie , Umemoto Koichiro , Ohta Kenji , Tagawa Shoh , Hirose Kei , Ohishi Yasuo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We examined the crystal structure of FeHX (X~1) (FeH hereafter) at high pressure and temperature by X-ray diffraction up to 137 GPa. Results show that FeH adopts a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure at pressures of 43 to 137 GPa and temperatures of ~1000 to 2000 K. Our study revises a phase diagram of stoichiometric FeH in which fcc has a wider-than-expected stability field at high pressure and temperature. Based on our findings, the FeH end-member of the Fe-FeH system is expected to be stable in the fcc structure at the P-T conditions of the Earth's core, rather than in the double-hexagonal close packed (dhcp) structure as previously reported. We compared the experimentally determined unit-cell volumes of FeH with those from ab initio calculations. Additionally, we observed a change in compressibility at ~60 GPa, which could be attributed to a magnetic transition—an interpretation supported by our ab initio computations.
Influence of fillers on the removal of rainwater runoff pollutants by a permeable brick system with a frame structure base
Authors: Lin Zizeng , Yang Hai , Chen Huiming 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To fully investigate the effectiveness of fillers in the removal of pollutants from rainwater, gravel, zeolite, slag, volcanic rock and iron filings with a 3–5 cm particle size were applied to construct a brick paving system with a frame structure for the removal of pollutants. Total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, and Pb) in the influent and effluent were measured, and the effectiveness and mechanism of pollutant removal were further investigated. The results showed that the permeable brick system effectively reduced TSS, TP, Zn, Cu and Pb and was relatively ineffective in reducing NH3-N, TN and COD. The removal results obtained using different materials show that (1) physical interception is the main reason for TSS and TP removal, (2) the adsorption and ion exchange properties of zeolite enable it to highly absorb ammonia nitrogen, (3) iron filings can effectively reduce NO3-N, and (4) adding fillers rich in iron oxide, such as volcanic rock or slag, can contribute to COD adsorption. The study provides a feasible technical path for improving the practicability of permeable pavement.
Traje mortuário: permanências e dissidências da vestimenta da morte na cultura popular brasileira
Authors: Cieser de Araújo Gadiego , Morais de Andrade Rita 
Published: January 2020

Os trajes mortuários podem ser considerados parte do conjunto materiale intangível do patrimônio cultural. Estão ligados às mentalidades sociais e podemser entendidos como ritos de passagem tão importantes quanto os que celebram avida. Este artigo discute como tal fenômeno tem se manifestado no tempo e destaca alguns sentidos que a cultura popular brasileira atribui a essa prática no passado oitocentista e no presente.
Book Review on “Nanotechnology: Food and Environmental Paradigm”
Authors: Saran Aditya , Pothu Ramyakrishna , Boddula Rajender 
Published: January 2020

Background::
A Book Review on Nanotechnology: Food and environmental paradigm, is
edited by Ram Prasad, Vivek Kumar and Manoj Kumar, Springer Nature Singapore, 2017, 340 Pages,
ISBN 978-981-10-4677-3, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-4678-0.

:
This book aims to study the effects of nanomaterials on the environment and food and emphasizes
the advantages gained through the application of nanotechnology in the broader area of food and environment.

Methods:
Food web is the core of ecological balance for a sustainable environment. The presence of
undesired nanomaterials in the food chain or web causes unwanted toxicity to the plants and animals
of the food chain. In majority cases, the presence of nanomaterials in food web causes toxicity, impairment
of organs and/ or heavy loss to one or more population. Thus, it is highly required to limit
the release of nanomaterials in the environment. It is also necessary to set the norms for the production,
use and discard of nanomaterials.

Results:
This book consists of 16 chapters, which all together address a large dimension on the positive
and negative effects of nanomaterials and the application of nanotechnology in various fields of
food, agriculture and pharmaceutical industry. It is also important to evaluate the cost before implementing
any new technology. It is not necessary that good research which performed well in the laboratory
must also do well on the industrial scale. A major barrier which can be encountered is actually
the cost, which must be less to be implemented.

Conclusion:
Application of desired nanomaterials is advantageous for many industries and quality
life. Nano-fertilizers and nanopesticides enhance crop production. Nanotechnology plays a significant
role in the food industry, from production, processing to packaging. Diagnostics is a field where
nanotechnology is applied too much. New diagnostic methods using nanosensors, nanochips and
nanocatalysts are evolving day by day.
Fuzzy-PI Controller based Modulated Multilevel UPQC under Faulty Conditions
Authors: Reddy.V Veera Nagi , Kumar D.V. Ashok , Kota Venkata R. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
This paper presents voltage and current quality improvement in
high/medium electrical distribution system using modulated multilevel unified power quality conditioner
(MM-UPQC). Nowadays, power quality is one of the major issues due to the increase in usage
of more non-linear loads in agricultural, commercial, industrial sectors. The industrial loads
produce large amount of harmonics and power imbalances, which cause various power quality related
issues like poor power factor, voltage sag, voltage swell, voltage interruption etc.

Methods:
The prime objective of this work is to design fuzzy-PI based controller based modulated
multilevel UPQC for mitigation of issues related to power quality under unsymmetrical fault conditions
such as LG fault and LLG fault.

Results:
This paper uses Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory (IRP) for phase angle adjustment
with PI-fuzzy controller scheme to generate accurate reference signal for shunt and series controller
of MM-UPQC. The detailed comparative analysis results of simultaneous voltage sag, swell, harmonics
compensation and unsymmetrical faults mitigation are presented alongwith the
MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

Conclusion:
Total harmonic distortion analysis is tabulated with PI and fuzzy-PI controller based
MM-UPQC for different operating conditions in 4.16 KV distribution system.
Unity and Parody, or how to read a Menippean Satire: On Martianus’ <i>De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii</i>
Authors: Cardigni Julieta 
Published: January 2020

The present paper aims to propose the study of Martianus Capella’s De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii from a literary perspective, combining Theory of Genres and Functionalist Discourse Analysis. In order to disarticulate previous opinions on the work—which reduce menippean molds to a minimum, considering De nuptiis a didactic text—we state two main categories that work as axes in our interpretation: the unity of the work, and the presence of parody as the dominant register and unifying bond. In this framework, De nuptiis is no longer a failed encyclopedia, but a perfect Menippean satire.