bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rendezvous transgastric and percutaneous sinus tract endoscopy (STE) for debridement of necrotic collections with deep retroperitoneal extension: a case series (with video)
Authors: Trikudanathan Guru , Hashmi Hiba , Dirweesh Ahmed , Amateau Stuart , Azeem Nabeel , Mallery Shawn , Freeman Martin L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Infected necrotic collections extending deep into the retroperitoneum may not be amenable solely to endoscopic necrosectomy. Rendezvous transgastric and percutaneous sinus tract endoscopic necrosectomy was conceived to maximize debridement and obviate the need for open necrosectomy or video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement.
Patients and methods Patients who underwent simultaneous rendezvous transgastric and sinus tract endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy at the same session were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Demographic data, clinical outcomes, immediate and late complications were evaluated.
Results Among 415 patients with necrotizing pancreatitis, four patients (three males, median age 47 years) underwent this intervention after a median 29.5 days following placement of percutaneous drain. Intra-procedural bleeding following dilation of percutaneous tract required placement of esophageal stent for tamponade. No patients required rescue open necrosectomy or video assisted retroperitoneal debridement. Complete removal of percutaneous drains was accomplished in all patients after a median of 78.5 days.
Conclusions Our novel approach is safe and effective and can expand the available armamentarium for management of large necrotic collection with deep retroperitoneal extension.
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa as the Main Causative Agent of Osteomyelitis
and its Susceptibility to Antibiotics
Authors: Pliska Natalya N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSurgical activity is increasing in the treatment of many types of fractures, the
use of various metal structures, and the potential for infection with the
development of osteomyelitis accordingly increases. The urgency of the problem
is due to the fact that this disease is the most expensive medical problem,
especially when it comes to prosthetics of large joints, with socially
significant losses and the occurrence of disability in patients of working age,
it requires long-term treatment. The aim of this study was to study one of the
most complex pathogens of life-threatening infections due to its high virulence
and ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, in particular the
action of antibacterial drugs and the study of its sensitivity to certain groups
of antimicrobial drugs. The results of the study showed that over the three
years of observation in 2017–2019, the average value of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa in the amount of 10.8% was established in the etiology of
osteomyelitis. The revealed sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is preserved
to fluoroquinolone – levofloxanin, aminoglycosides-amikacin, gentamicin,
carbapenems – meropenem, doripenem. All of the above drugs can be used
as empirical therapy. During this period, a significant decrease in sensitivity
was found, which reached in 2019 for cefepime – 51.9%,
pefloxacin – 55.8%, ertapenem – 59.7%. The
success of the treatment of this pathology directly depends on the timely
microbiological diagnosis and the choice of patient treatment tactics with the
appointment of effective antibacterial therapy, with an adequate exposure of
antibiotic.
What constitutes urgent endoscopy? A social media snapshot of gastroenterologists’ views during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bilal Mohammad , Simons Malorie , Rahman Asad Ur , Smith Zachary L. , Umar Shifa , Cohen Jonah , Sawhney Mandeep S. , Berzin Tyler M. , Pleskow Douglas K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims There is a consensus among gastroenterology organizations that elective endoscopic procedures should be deferred during the COVID-19 pandemic. While the decision to perform urgent procedures and to defer entirely elective procedures is mostly evident, there is a wide “middle ground” of time-sensitive but not technically urgent or emergent endoscopic interventions. We aimed to survey gastroenterologists worldwide using Twitter to help elucidate these definitions using commonly encountered clinical scenarios during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods A 16-question survey was designed by the authors to include common clinical scenarios that do not have clear guidelines regarding the timing or urgency of endoscopic evaluation. This survey was posted on Twitter. The survey remained open to polling for 48 hours. During this time, multiple gastroenterologists and fellows with prominent social media presence were tagged to disseminate the survey.
Results The initial tweet had 38,795 impressions with a total of 2855 engagements. There was significant variation in responses from gastroenterologists regarding timing of endoscopy in these semi-urgent scenarios. There were only three of 16 scenarios for which more than 70 % of gastroenterologists agreed on procedure-timing. For example, significant variation was noted in regard to timing of upper endoscopy in patients with melena, with 44.5 % of respondents believing that everyone with melena should undergo endoscopic evaluation at this time. Similarly, about 35 % of respondents thought that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography should only be performed in patients with choledocholithiasis with abdominal pain or jaundice.
Conclusion Our analysis shows that there is currently lack of consensus among gastroenterologists in regards to timing of semi-urgent or non-life-threatening procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results support the need for the ongoing development of societal guidance for these “semi-urgent” scenarios to help gastroenterologists in making difficult triage decisions.
Ethics in Health Informatics
Authors: Goodman Kenneth W. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryContemporary bioethics was fledged and is sustained by challenges posed by new technologies. These technologies have affected many lives. Yet health informatics affects more lives than any of them. The challenges include the development and the appropriate uses and users of machine learning software, the balancing of privacy rights against the needs of public health and clinical practice in a time of Big Data analytics, whether and how to use this technology, and the role of ethics and standards in health policy. Historical antecedents in statistics and evidence-based practice foreshadow some of the difficulties now faced, but the scope and scale of these challenges requires that ethics, too, be brought to scale in parallel, especially given the size of contemporary data sets and the processing power of new computers. Fortunately, applied ethics affords a variety of tools to help identify and rank applicable values, support best practices, and contribute to standards. The bioethics community can in partnership with the informatics community arrive at policies that promote the health sciences while reaffirming the many and varied rights that patients expect will be honored.
Lymphaticovenous Anastomosis for Lower Extremity Lymphedema: A Systematic Review
Authors: Forte Antonio J. , Khan Nawal , Huayllani Maria T. , Boczar Daniel , Saleem Humza Y. , Lu Xiaona , Manrique Oscar J. , Ciudad Pedro , McLaughlin Sarah A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Lymphedema is an accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the interstitial spaces resulting from impairment in the lymphatic circulation that can impair quality of life and cause considerable morbidity. Lower extremity lymphedema (LEL) has an overall incidence rate of 20%. Conservative therapies are the first step in treatment of LEL; however, they do not provide a cure because they fail to address the underlying physiologic dysfunction of the lymphatic system. Among several surgical alternatives, lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) has gained popularity due to its improved outcomes and less invasive approach. This study aims to review the published literature on LVA for LEL treatment and to analyze the surgical outcomes.
Methods PubMed database was used to perform a comprehensive literature review of all articles describing LVA for treatment of LEL from Novemeber 1985 to June 2019. Search terms included “lymphovenous” OR “lymphaticovenous” AND “bypass” OR “anastomosis” OR “shunt” AND “lower extremity lymphedema.”
Results A total of 95 articles were identified in the initial query, out of which 58 individual articles were deemed eligible. The studies included in this review describe notable variations in surgical techniques, number of anastomoses, and supplementary interventions. All, except one study, reported positive outcomes based on limb circumference and volume changes or subjective clinical improvement. The largest reduction rate in limb circumference and volume was 63.8%.
Conclusion LVA demonstrated a considerable reduction in limb volume and improvement in subjective findings of lymphedema in the majority of patients. The maintained effectiveness of this treatment modality in long-term follow-up suggests great efficacy of LVA in LEL treatment.
Concomitant Congenital Horner and Harlequin Syndromes: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Elnahry Ayman G. , Gamal Eldin Aisha A. , Elnahry Aya G. , Elnahry Gehad A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHarlequin syndrome is a condition characterized by autonomic dysfunction leading to hemifacial flushing on one side with pallor and impaired sweating on the other side. It is a rare condition that can be both congenital and acquired, with congenital cases being rarer, comprising ~6% of all Harlequin syndrome cases. Harlequin syndrome is usually associated with other autonomic disturbances including Horner syndrome especially when presenting as a congenital condition. We reported the findings of a rare case of concomitant congenital Horner and Harlequin syndromes in an otherwise healthy 4-month-old male infant patient and provided a review of the current literature.
Torsion is Tolerated in Arterial End to Venous Side Anastomoses in the Rat Model
Authors: Levi Maxwell A. , Harb Amro A. , Nicolas Celine F. , Corvi John J. , Kozato Aki , Akelina Yelena , Kadiyala Rajendra Kumar , Strauch Robert J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background End-to-side (ETS) anastomoses are necessary for many procedures in microvascular surgery, such as free flap transfers. In training courses that use the rat model, the arterial end to venous side (AEVS) anastomosis is a common training exercise for ETS anastomoses. Surgeons-in-training often inadvertently twist the artery when completing the AEVS anastomosis; however, in the clinical setting, torsion is a reported risk factor for ETS anastomosis failure. The purpose of this study was to determine if torsion in an AEVS anastomosis would have a negative effect on patency in the rat model, accurately simulating the clinical scenario.
Methods All AEVS anastomoses were completed in 15 Sprague–Dawley rats divided into three torsion cohorts: 0, 90, and 180 degrees. Torsion was created in the AEVS anastomosis by mismatching the first two sutures placed between the free femoral artery end and the venotomy. Patency was verified at 0, 2, and 4 hours postoperation via the oxygenated–deoxygenated test and transit-time ultrasound blood flow measurements.
Results All AEVS anastomoses were patent 0, 2, and 4 hours postoperation according to both the oxygenated–deoxygenated test and transit-time ultrasound blood flow measurements. For the average blood flow measurements at 4 hours postoperation, the proximal measurements for 0, 90, and 180 degrees were −34.3, −18.7, and −13.8 mL/min respectively, and the distal measurements were 4.48, 3.46, and 2.90 mL/min, respectively.
Conclusion Torsion of 180 degrees does not affect early AEVS anastomosis patency in the rat model. This contrasts with the clinical setting, where torsion is reported to cause ETS anastomosis failure. Since AEVS anastomosis torsion is often difficult to appreciate visually, we suggested that microvascular surgery training instructors include a method to both detect and prevent AEVS anastomosis torsion, such as by marking the free femoral artery end with a marking pen or suture before beginning the anastomosis.
The Essential Local Muscle Flaps for Lower Extremity Reconstruction
Authors: Atia Andrew , Vernon Rebecca , Pyfer Bryan J. , Shammas Ronnie L. , Hollenbeck Scott T. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Lower extremity reconstruction is often a challenging prospect with major implications on a patient’s quality of life. For complex defects of the lower extremity, special consideration must be given to ensure suitable and durable coverage. In the following article, we present the essential local muscle flaps for lower extremity reconstruction and discuss guiding principles for the reconstructive surgeon to consider.
Methods A thorough literature review was performed using PubMed to identify commonly used local muscle flaps for lower extremity reconstruction. Common considerations for each identified flap were noted.
Results The essential local muscle flaps for lower extremity reconstruction were identified and classified based on anatomical region of the defect to be reconstructed. General considerations and postoperative management were discussed to aid in operative decision making.
Conclusion While many factors must be taken into account when performing lower extremity reconstruction, there are numerous reliable local muscle flaps which can be used to successfully provide durable coverage for a variety of soft tissue defects of the lower extremity.
Emergence Delirium: Can Corticosteroids Contribute to It?
Authors: Esmel-Vilomara Roger , Cruz Alejandro , Inoriza Cristina , Andreu Eva , Munar Francisca 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report a case of emergence delirium after a propofol-based sedation for a renal biopsy in a teenager patient who had received high-dose and long-term corticosteroid treatment. Corticosteroid treatment is proposed as a possible risk factor for emergence delirium, although controlled studies are needed to assess this relationship. Although treatment for emergence delirium has not been well established, as described with steroid-induced psychiatric symptoms, antipsychotics could be a good therapeutic option.
Mood in future-framed adverbials
Authors: Hoff Mark R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In Spanish adverbial clauses containing
cuando ‘when’ and a present-tense verb, it is
assumed that indicative expresses habituality, but subjunctive
futurity. However, in Rioplatense, indicative [I] occurs in
future-framed adverbials, conveying epistemic pragmatic meaning:
Cuando bajás [I] del bondi,
llamame ‘When you get off the bus, call me.’ An online
questionnaire containing 32 contextualized sentences was distributed
to Rioplatense speakers (N = 140), and respondents
assigned acceptability ratings using a Likert scale. Mixed-effects
linear regression modeling shows that indicative is felicitous with
immediate and temporally-delimited actions, and when epistemic
certainty is conveyed; subjunctive is preferred for
distant/unrestricted future actions, or uncertainty. These findings
suggest an alternative criterion for mood choice in Rioplatense,
based on epistemicity rather than differentiation between present
and future events.
The relationship between iconicity and systematicity in Korean
ideophones
Authors: Kwon Nahyun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter investigates the relationship between two
forms of non-arbitrariness in Korean ideophones: relative iconicity,
which is a resemblance-based mapping between relations among
multiple forms and relations among multiple meanings (exemplified by
paradigmatic consonantal symbolism), and systematicity, which is a
statistical regularities-based mapping between form and meaning
(exemplified by ideophonic vowel harmony). Using a written corpus of
Korean ideophones, the present study quantifies the number of
variants in consonantal constellations, where larger constellations
are judged to have a higher degree of relative iconicity than
smaller constellations. The results reveal that larger
constellations are more susceptible to the influence exerted by
vowel harmony. This language-internal finding suggests a tight
correlation between relative iconicity and systematicity, and allows
further investigation into its generalizability from a broad
typological perspective.
Iconicity of Telugu ideophones and full word
reduplications
Authors: Duggirala Vasanta , Murty Lalita 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper offers an account of variation in iconicity
within and between ideophones and Full Word Reduplications (FWRs) in
Telugu texts. Some of this variation is connected to differences in
the grammatical classes to which these structures belong, the types
of constructions in which they participate, and the semantic
functions they encode. Adverbial ideophones, occurring largely as
optional elements in quotative and collocational constructions have
more iconicity than interoceptive ideophones in predicate-verbal
constructions. Fully reduplicated regular and verbal adverbs with an
augmentation function have higher levels of iconicity than
adjectival FWRs serving multiple functions including evaluative
meanings associated with diminution or attenuation. Based on these
observations, a tentative scale of iconicity is proposed for Telugu.
This scale should be elaborated and validated in future research by
making use of multimodal corpora of ideophones and all varieties of
reduplicative structures.
Heart without ‘the’
Authors: Zhao Xinxin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
As one of the most intensely studied literary works,
Heart of Darkness has been inviting diversified
and conflicting readings for more than one hundred years.
Politically or culturally oriented readings are overwhelmingly
abundant and often contradict each other. In an effort to
incorporate textual evidence as comprehensively and unbiasedly as
possible, this paper will pay more attention to how
the story is told than to what the story tells.
This paper concentrates on the narrative frame. By comparing inner
and outer narrative frames, I show that the eavesdropping scene (the
inner frame) is a diagrammatic icon of the overall story (the outer
frame). A point-by-point resemblance can be constructed between
these two frames, in which a quasi-storytelling is set up in a dark
world full of voices with rare communication between speakers and
listeners. In both frames, Kurtz’s voice, which is embedded within
voices of others, can be heard, but “that man” (p. 37) is not fully
identified formally and the mysteries surrounding Kurtz are never
clearly revealed. The frames are proliferated only to accentuate its
hollow core. The inner meaning is pointed at but cannot be pinned
down.
Multiword expressions in comparable corpora
Authors: Ďurčo Peter 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
On the basis of Aranea Gigaword Web corpora, a family of
comparable corpora intended for use in contrastive linguistic research,
multilingual lexicography, language teaching and translation studies we
discuss the pros and cons of comparable corpora in contrast to monolingual
and parallel corpora for the analysis of multiword entities (MWEs). We
demonstrate that by using large corpora for two or more languages,
consisting of unrelated texts, yet created in a comparable manner, parallel
language structures and phenomena like MWEs can be identified if the
appropriate tools are employed. With the Aranea corpora, the “bilingual
sketch” functionality of the Sketch Engine is one such tool which provides a
new approach for analyses of similarities of (or differences between)
collocation profiles (word sketches) for words and their translation
equivalents.
Statistical significance for measures of collocation strength
Authors: Oakes Michael P. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Of the commonly-used measures of lexical association or
collocation strength, only some directly relate to statistical significance:
the t-score, chi-squared, log-likelihood, the z-score and Fisher’s exact
test. We describe each of these tests, and also describe a computer
simulation by which we can derive confidence limits, and hence the
statistical significance, of any measure of lexical association which is
derived from the contingency table. We illustrate this approach using
pointwise mutual information (PMI). We also describe how the Poisson
distribution enables us to find the statistical significance of the raw
frequency with which a collocation is found. We compare all these methods
using collocates of “take”, namely “take up”, “take place”, “take advantage”
and “take stock”.
Multi-word patterns and networks
Authors: Steyer Kathrin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses a theoretical and empirical approach to
language fixedness that we have developed at the Institut für Deutsche
Sprache (IDS) (‘Institute for German Language’) in Mannheim in the project
Usuelle Worterbindungen (UWV) over the last decade. The analysis described
is based on the Deutsches Referenzkorpus (‘German Reference Corpus’; DeReKo)
which is located at the IDS. The corpus analysis tool used for accessing the
corpus data is COSMAS II (CII)
and – for statistical analysis – the IDS collocation analysis tool (Belica, 1995; CA). For detecting
lexical patterns and describing their semantic and pragmatic nature we use
the tool lexpan (or ‘Lexical Pattern Analyzer’) that was developed in our
project. We discuss a new corpus-driven pattern dictionary that is relevant
not only to the field of phraseology, but also to usage-based linguistics
and lexicography as a whole.
Improving Chinese students’ English reading through graded readers
Authors: Qiang Wang , Zehang Chen , Xianglin Qi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Primary English in China has been in practice since 2001. Despite the success of widespread provision, there have
been concerns regarding the quality of students’ learning. To enhance English literacy in schools, a national English reading
project chaired by university teacher educators using graded readers was introduced to accompany mandated coursebooks in 2014
initially among a few schools then quickly expanded to thousands. The participating schools were guided to use English graded
readers in primary classrooms in collaborative projects with university teacher educators. This paper reports a case study based
on a project school in a suburb of Beijing with a cohort of 290 Grade 4 students and their 8 English teachers. The study
investigated changes the reading project has brought to the students and teachers between 2017 to 2019. Data collected include
three reading test results (pre-, mid-, and post-), and a post-project student questionnaire. Data collected concerning the 8
teachers included classroom observations, teachers’ lesson plans and post project narrative reports. Analyses were closely linked
to how students’ literacy developed, including their reading ability, interests, habits, and creative thinking. Changes in the
teachers’ views and their teaching practices were also examined.
Une possible allusion parodique au Compromis de Caspe (1412) dans la Disputa de l’ase (1417–18) d’Anselm Turmeda
Authors: Alemany Ferrer Rafael 
Published: April 2020

Résumé
La Disputa de l’ase d’Anselm Turmeda (1417–18) est un débat sur la supériorité de l’homme sur les animaux, qui met en scène le savant Frère Anselme et un âne apparemment vulgaire. La séquence initiale de cette œuvre qui, symptomatiquement, n’apparaît pas dans la source arabe directe utilisée par l’apologiste, présente une réunion d’animaux qui, après la mort de leur roi sans héritier direct, sont prêts à choisir son successeur. Il y a suffisamment d’indices suggérant que nous sommes confrontés à une probable parodie du compromis de Caspe (1412), décision politique très controversée qui a résolu le problème de la succession dans la Couronne d’Aragon, après la mort sans descendance du roi Martin l’Humain: la désignation, en tant que nouveau monarque, de Ferdinand d’Antequera, membre de la dynastie royale castillane des Trastámara.