bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between sexual violence and unintended pregnancy among adolescent girls and young women in South Africa
Authors: Ajayi Anthony Idowu , Ezegbe Henrietta Chinelo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Unintended pregnancy has dire consequences on the health and socioeconomic wellbeing of adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) (aged 15-24 years). While most studies tend to focus on lack of access to contraceptive information and services, and poverty as the main contributing factor to early-unintended pregnancies, the influence of sexual violence has received limited attention. Understanding the link between sexual violence and unintended pregnancy is critical towards developing a multifaceted intervention to reduce unintended pregnancies among AGYW in South Africa, a country with high teenage pregnancy rates. Thus, we estimated the magnitude of unintended pregnancy among AGYW and also examined the effect of sexual violence on unintended pregnancy.MethodsOur study adopted a cross-sectional design, and data were obtained from AGYW in a South African university between June and November 2018. A final sample of 451 girls aged 17-24 years, selected using stratified sampling, were included in the analysis. We used adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression analysis to examine the effect of sexual violence on unintended pregnancy. ResultsThe analysis shows that 41.9% of all respondents had experienced an unintended pregnancy, and 25.9% of those unintended pregnancies ended in abortions. Unintended pregnancy was higher among survivors of sexual violence (54.4%) compared to those who never experienced sexual abuse (34.3%). In the multivariable analysis, sexual violence was consistently and robustly associated with increased odds of having an unintended pregnancy (AOR:1.70; 95% CI: 1.08-2.68).ConclusionOur study found a huge magnitude of unintended pregnancy among AGYW. Sexual violence is an important predictor of unintended pregnancy in this age cohort. Thus, addressing unintended pregnancies among AGYW in South Africa requires interventions that not only increase access to contraceptive information and services but also reduce sexual violence and cater for survivors.
Pulmonary epithelial–myoepithelial carcinoma without AKT1, HRAS or PIK3CA mutations: A case report
Authors: Yanagawa Naoki , Sato Ayaka , Nishiya Masao , Suzuki Masamichi , Sugimoto Ryo , Osakabe Mitsumasa , Uesugi Noriyuki , Saito Hajime , Sugai Tamotsu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary epithelial–myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare subtype of lung cancer. Because of its rarity, the molecular information on this carcinoma is insufficient. Case presentation: We report a case of pulmonary epithelial–myoepithelial carcinoma without AKT1, HRAS or PIK3CA mutations in a 76-year-old woman. Computed tomography revealed a tumor located in the left lower lung. Thoracoscopic left lower lobectomy was performed. Histopathologically, the tumor consisted of duct-like structures and polygonal and spindle cell features. The duct-like structures were composed of two distinct cell layers. The inner layer consisted of cuboidal cells that were positive for pan-cytokeratin and negative for p63, whereas the outer layer consisted of polygonal and spindle cells that were positive for p63 and weakly positive for pan-cytokeratin. We evaluated mutations in AKT1, BRAF, CTNNB1, HRAS, KRAS and PIK3CA but did not detect any mutations. Conclusion: Pulmonary epithelial–myoepithelial carcinoma is a rare subtype of lung cancer, with only 56 previous cases reported in the English literature. The genetic alterations in pulmonary epithelial–myoepithelial carcinoma are still unknown. We examined the 6 genes mutation analysis, however no mutation was detected.
Multi-compartment chemical characterization and risk assessment of chemicals of emerging concern in freshwater systems of western Kenya
Authors: Kandie Faith Jebiwot , Krauss Martin , Massei Riccardo , Ganatra Akbar , Fillinger Ulrike , Becker Jeremias , Liess Matthias , Torto Baldwyn , Brack Werner 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Within the last decades, there has been increasing research on the occurrence of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) in aquatic ecosystems due to their potential adverse effects on freshwater organisms and risk to human health. However, information on CECs in freshwater environments in sub-Saharan countries is very limited. Here, we investigated the occurrence of CECs in snails and sediments collected from 48 sites within the Lake Victoria South Basin, Kenya, which have been previously investigated for water contamination. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) with a target list of 429 compounds. Results: In total, 30 compounds have been detected in snails and 78 in sediment samples, compared to 79 previously identified compounds in water. By extending the monitoring of CECs to snails and sediments, we found 68 compounds that were not previously detected in water. These compounds include the anti-cancer drug anastrozole, detected for the first time in the Kenyan environment. Individual compound concentrations were detected up to 480 ng/g wet weight (N-ethyl-o-toluenesulfonamide) in snails and 110 ng/g organic carbon (pirimiphos-methyl) in sediments. Higher contaminant concentrations were found in agricultural sites than in areas not impacted by anthropogenic activities. Crustaceans were the organisms at greatest toxic risk from sediment contamination (toxic unit (TU) up to 0.99) with diazinon and pirimiphos-methyl driving this risk. Acute and chronic risks to algae were driven by diuron (TU up to 0.24), whereas fish were found to be at low to no acute risk (TU up to 0.007). Conclusions: The compound classes present at highest frequencies in all matrices were pesticides and biocides. This study shows substantial contamination of surface water in rural western Kenya. By filling data gaps on contamination of sediments and aquatic biota, our study reveals that CECs pose a substantial risk on environmental health in Kenya demanding for monitoring and mitigation.
A grounded theory exploration of language massive open online courses (LMOOCs): Understanding students’ viewpoints
Authors: Hsu Liwei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have been called the biggest innovation to happen in education for 200 years for their unique attribute of being open and free to any individual with Internet access; however, their high dropout rate has led many people to be concerned or dubious about MOOCs’ effectiveness and applicability. The applicability of MOOCs in English for specific purposes (ESP) courses (in this case, Hospitality English) needs more empirical evidence; the present study intends to help fill this gap and extend our current understanding of this issue. This study followed a grounded theory methodology to develop a theoretical model based on constant dialogue between collected data and the literature. The results suggest that most participants had positive perceptions of LMOOCs in general but that some of them doubted the applicability of LMOOCs. Most participants said they would continue to use LMOOCs in learning, depending on the attributes of specific courses. Based on the extracted data, a conceptual model for the applicability of LMOOCs is proposed.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis-derived Phase Angle as a Determinant of Protein-energy Wasting and Frailty in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Saitoh Masakazu , Ogawa Masumi , Kondo Hisae , Suga Kiichi , Takahashi Tetsuya , Itoh Haruki , Tabata Yoichiro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

To evaluate the relationship between phase angle (PA) measured by bioimpedance electrical analysis and protein-energy wasting (PEW) or frailty, and its impact on 2-year mortality in patients with hemodialysis (HD).

Methods

This retrospective observational study included 116 adult HD patients (35% female, 64 ± 12 years of age) in a single dialysis center. Patients were classified according to the PA quartiles into four groups (quartile 1, lowest; quartile 4, highest). International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) criteria and Japanese version of Cardiovascular Health Study (J-CHS) criteria were used to identify PEW and frailty.

Results

The lower PA group was associated with a greater risk of PEW (35% vs. 24% vs. 21% vs. 3%; p=0.032) , frailty (59% vs. 40% vs. 21% vs. 3%; p<0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the first quartile group (PA<3.7 ° ) was at a significantly greater risk of both PEW and frailty compared with the fourth quartile group (PA≥5.0 ° ) after adjusting for other confounding factors.

Conclusions

Lower PA was associated with a greater risk of PEW and frailty in HD patients.
Impaired effective functional connectivity of the sensorimotor network in interictal episodic migraineurs without aura
Authors: Wei Heng-Le , Chen Jing , Chen Yu-Chen , Yu Yu-Sheng , Guo Xi , Zhou Gang-Ping , Zhou Qing-Qing , He Zhen-Zhen , Yang Lian , Yin Xindao , Li Junrong , Zhang Hong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) has confirmed sensorimotor network (SMN) dysfunction in migraine without aura (MwoA). However, the underlying mechanisms of SMN effective functional connectivity in MwoA remain unclear. We aimed to explore the association between clinical characteristics and effective functional connectivity in SMN, in interictal patients who have MwoA. Methods : We used Rs-fMRI to acquire imaging data in forty episodic patients with MwoA in the interictal phase and thirty-four healthy controls (HCs). Independent component analysis was used to profile the distribution of SMN and calculate the different SMN activity between the two groups. Subsequently, Granger causality analysis was used to analyze the effective functional connectivity between the SMN and other brain regions. Results: Compared to the HCs, MwoA patients showed higher activity in the bilateral postcentral gyri (PoCG), but lower activity in the left midcingulate cortex (MCC). Moreover, MwoA patients showed decreased effective functional connectivity from the SMN to left middle temporal gyrus, right putamen, left insula and bilateral precuneus, but increased effective functional connectivity to the right paracentral lobule. There was also significant effective functional connectivity from the primary visual cortex, right cuneus and right putamen to the SMN. In the interictal period, there was positive correlation between the activity of the right PoCG and the frequency of headache. The disease duration was positively correlated with abnormal effective functional connectivity from the left PoCG to right precuneus. In addition, the headache impact scores were negatively correlated with abnormal effective functional connectivity from the left MCC to right paracentral lobule, as well as from the right precuneus to left PoCG. Conclusions: These differential, resting-state functional activities of the SMN in episodic MwoA may contribute to the understanding of migraine-related intra- and internetwork imbalances associated with nociceptive regulation and chronification.
Improving the Accuracy of Text Classification using Stemming Method, A Case of Informal Indonesian Conversation
Authors: Rianto Rianto , Mutiara Achmad Benny , Wibowo Eri Prasetyo , Santosa Paulus Insap 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
As social beings, humans always interact with one another using either verbal or non-verbal language. Language is an arbitrary sound-symbol system, which is used by members of a community to cooperate, interact, and identify themselves. Indonesian language is classified into two categories, namely formal and non-formal. The former meets the grammatical standard as prescribed by linguistic rules of the language, while the latter tends to deviate it. In daily communication, however, non-formal language is more intensively used because they are more practical and easier to understand. With this tendency, non-formal language causes problems in linguistic computation because most linguistic computations use formal standard languages that already have standardized rules. This research aims to develop a dynamic Indonesian closed corpus related to airline ticket reservation, namely "Incorbiz". The "Incorbiz" will be used as stemming tool for formal and non-formal Indonesian. Text processing, text normalization, and auto-update data were proposed in this research. This research also compared two stemming techniques i.e. "Sastrawi" and "Incorbiz" to process the 30-sample dataset. The algorithm used to process the classification is Support Vector Machine (SVM). The data used to develop the "Incorbiz" were taken from conversations between customer service staff and consumers in airline ticket reservations. The result showed that "Incorbiz" had higher accuracy than "Sastrawi" on 0.89 and 0.67, respectively.
Liver Resections for Metastasis: Surgical Outcomes of a Single Center Academic Institution
Authors: Abreu Phillipe , Ferreira Raphaella , Bussyguin Danilo Saavedra , Cás Eduardo Da , Venkatasamy Vighnesh Vetrivel , Tomasich Flávio Daniel Saavedra , Szutan Luiz Arnaldo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background:Hepatic metastasis are frequent and liver resection may be an option for some cases, despite the high complexity of the procedure and the possibility of postoperative complications. Methods:This retrospective comparative descriptive study aims to evaluate a series of 86 consecutive liver resections (LRs) performed for the treatment of metastatic liver tumors, comparing the results between patients undergoing major and minor LR. All patients submitted to LR from October 2010 to July 2015 at the Erasto Gaertner Hospital in Curitiba-PR were included. Quantitative numerical variables were analyzed with the Student t-test. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used for numerical variables of non-normal distribution. Categorical variables were analyzed with the Chi-square test with Fisher's correction. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 23.0 and STATA 15 programs, being p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results:Eighty-sixLR were performed, 56 cases by colorectal metastasis. The major LR corresponded to 68 cases, with 13.2% of Clavien-Dindo III-V complications and 2.9% of reoperation rate. Eighteen minor LR were performed and one patient had a postoperative complication requiring reoperation. Conclusion: Preoperative elevation of transaminases and jaundice negatively influence surgical outcomes in patients undergoing LR. Tumors greater than 3 cm presented worse postoperative survival. Major LR did not significantly increase the surgical morbidity rate.Institutional Review Board registration:1.122.319/2015
Are preventive measures adequate? An evaluation of the implementation of COVID-19 prevention and control measures in nursing homes in China
Authors: Shi Meihong , Zhang Fengying , He Xinxin , Huang Siyuan , Zhang MingFeng , Hu Xiuying 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has been a challenge for nursing homes in China. Nursing homes are particularly dangerous places regarding the spread of COVID-19 given that they house vulnerable, high-risk populations. As such, several useful guidelines for coping with COVID-19 in nursing homes have been provided. However, the actual implementation rates of such guidelines are unknown. This study aims to document the adherence of nursing homes to the Ministry of Civil Affairs guidelines for COVID-19 prevention and control in nursing homes.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 484 nursing homes in 136 cities of 28 provinces in China. A self-report questionnaire was created based on the Ministry of Civil Affairs guidelines for COVID-19 prevention and control in nursing homes (first edition). The questionnaire was sent to nursing home managers via the Wenjuanxing app online from February 7 to 29, 2020. A total of 461 responses were included in the analysis. ResultsThe implementation rates of COVID-19 prevention and control measures in nursing homes were moderate, with an average rate of 80.0%. The average implementation rates for hygienic behaviour management, access management, and environmental disinfection management were 75.3%, 78.7%, and 79.9%, respectively. Nursing homes that did not have hospital-nursing home cooperation, did not have medical staff, and had not established a quarantine unit (room) had low implementation rates (p < 0.01). The number of medical staff, education level of the manager, nursing home size, and establishment of quarantine room/unit were found to be strongly positively associated with the total implementation rate (p < 0.01).ConclusionOverall, the implementation of prevention and control measures by nursing homes are insufficient during the epidemic in China. Further education for staff and cooperation with hospitals are required to improve the implementation rate. It is urgent for nursing homes to improve the management system to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the emergency.
Clinical Manifestations and Risk Factors for Co-Infection in Children with Adenovirus Infections in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Lao Qun , Han Ning , Jia Yu-Zhu , Wu Yi-Dong , Zhao Shi-Yong , Pan Hai-Peng , Zhan Ming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to explore the clinical manifestations of adenovirus infections and the epidemiologic factors for subsequent co-infection in children from Hangzhou, China.Methods: In this retrospective study, the characteristics of children with adenovirus infections presenting at Hangzhou Children’s Hospital and Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital from January to December in 2019 were collected. The epidemiologic factors for co-infection were assessed by the multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 5,989 children presented with adenovirus infections, of which 559 children were hospitalized for adenovirus respiratory infections. The severity of adenovirus respiratory infection was divided as follows: mild (bronchiolitis, 73.6%), moderate (bronchopneumonia, 17.6%), or severe (pneumonia, 8.8%). Of the 559 children who were hospitalized, 267 presented with co-infection, while the remaining 292 only had adenovirus infections. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that a longer duration of hospitalization was associated with an increased risk of co-infection (Odds ratio [OR]: 1.048; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.011-1.087; P = 0.0107). However, increased procalcitonin was associated with a reduced risk of co-infection (OR: 0.677; 95% CI: 0.462-0.992; P = 0.0456). Conclusions: The study indicated that most children with adenovirus respiratory infections showed mild manifestations, and the risk of co-infection was significantly correlated with the duration of hospitalization and procalcitonin level.
Determinants of Adoption Decisions of Water Harvesting Structures Among Pastoral Areas of Kenya
Authors: Lutta Alphayo , Wasonga Oliver Vivian , Nyangito Moses , Sudan Falendra Kumar , Robinson Lance 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe arid and semi-arid lands are affected inherently by unpredictable rainfall and frequent droughts, which are exacerbated by climate change. This has resulted in deterioration of land resources, leading to forage and water shortages that negatively impact on livestock productivity. To cope with these climatic hazards that affect agricultural production and food security in pastoral areas, on farm adaptation strategies such as water harvesting initiatives are being supported by development agencies and governments. Some of these strategies have not been able to produce the desired levels of productivity and thus have failed to improve the welfare of the pastoral communities or prevent rangelands from deteriorating due to low adoption rates at household level.ResultsThis study determined social, economic and institutional factors influencing the adoption of water harvesting systems at household level in pastoral areas of Tana River County of Kenya. The data was collected through household survey, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The results show that access to extension services and training, monthly income level, main source of livelihood, land tenure system, membership in community groups and availability of active farm labor significantly influenced the adoption of water harvesting structures which need a combination of technical efficiency with low cost and acceptability to pastoral communities.ConclusionPastoralists therefore need to be mobilized and trained on how to construct and use water harvesting structures and sensitized on the potential socioeconomic benefits of adopting them.
Soil bacterial community and functions directly respond to grazing exclusion in a Leymus chinensis steppe of Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Deng Han-Wen , Bai Xin-Fu , Zhu Ping , Lu Yu-Meng , Ji Lei , Sun Yan-Lin , Hong Soon-Kwan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Grazing exclusion is a common grassland management strategy for restoring degraded grasslands. Its effectiveness on optimizing plant species community, increasing vegetation diversity and biomass, improving soil fertility, has been widely documented in literatures. However, little is known on the responses of the absolute abundance and the ecological functions of soil bacterial community to long-term grazing exclusion.
Result

In this study, the absolute abundance, diversity, and ecological functions of soil bacterial community were determined by the high-throughput absolute quantitative sequencing technology on a long-term grazing exclusion (40 years, GE) area and three free grazing areas (FGs) within a Leymus chinensis steppe of Inner Mongolia, China, and analyzed the driving forces leading to the variations in soil bacterial community and functions. Our results showed that there was significantly higher soil bacterial abundance in the GE than the FGs along with corresponding variations in vegetation and soil properties. With the decrease of vegetation aboveground biomass, the absolute abundance of soil bacterial community also decreased. Among the phyla of the soil bacterial communities, the relative abundances of Chloroflexi and Firmicutes phyla were especially lower, and that of Verrucomicrobia phylum was higher in the GE than the FGs; the absolute abundances of Euryarchaeota and Microgenomates phyla were especially higher in the GE than the FGs.
Conclusions

This study suggested that long-term grazing exclusion significantly increased the absolute abundance, changed soil bacterial composition, and especially enhanced bacterial motility and chemotaxis. In particular, soil organic matter was the important agent to influence and connect vegetation and soil. This work will enrich our understanding of the responses of absolute abundance, diversity, and function of the soil bacterial community to long-term grazing exclusion, and help the evaluation of grassland degradation degree and restoration strategy effectiveness.