bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiome diversity in acute severe colitis is distinct from mild to moderate ulcerative colitis
Authors: Kedia Saurabh , Ghosh Tarini Shankar , Jain Saransh , Desigamani Anbumani , Kumar Ashok , Gupta Vipin , Bopanna Sawan , Yadav Dawesh P , Goyal Sandeep , Makharia Govind , Travis Simon P. L. , Das Bhabatosh , Ahuja Vineet 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough the gut microbiome of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) has been characterized, no study has characterized the gut microbiome in acute severe colitis (ASC). We compared the gut microbiome of patients with UC, ASC, and healthy controls (HCs).MethodsPatients with mild to moderate UC (n = 24), ASC (n = 19 with 21 episodes) and HCs (n = 50) were recruited prospectively. A 16SrDNA amplicon approach was used to explore gut microbial diversity and taxonomic repertoires. UC was diagnosed using European Crohn's and Colitis Organization guidelines, and ASC was diagnosed using Truelove and Witts' criteria.ResultsThe normalized alpha diversity was significantly lower in ASC than mild–moderately active UC (P < 0.05) or HC (P < 0.001). The gut microbiome in ASC was highly unstable, as characterized by high intracohort variation (analyzed using J‐divergence measure), which was significantly greater than in UC or HC. On principal coordinate analysis, the microbiome of HC and UC were similar, with the ASC cohort being distinct from both. Comparison of ranked abundances identified four distinct clusters of genera (G1, G2, G3, and G4), with specific trends in their abundance across three groups: G1/G2A clusters had the least, whereas G3 had the highest abundance in the ASC cohort.ConclusionsGut microbial diversity is lower in ASC than mild–moderate UC or HCs. Gut microbiome composition is increasingly unstable in ASC, with a distinct abundance of specific genera varying between HCs and ASC. Mild–moderate UC lies within the spectrum.
Male and female immediate fear reaction to white noise in a semi‐natural environment: A detailed behavioural analysis of the role of sex and oestrogen receptors
Authors: Le Moëne Olivia , Ramírez‐Rentería Mayra Liliana , Ågmo Anders 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn classical rodent anxiety models, females usually display lower anxiety than males, whereas anxiety disorders are more prevalent in women. Perhaps this contradiction is caused by the use of behavioural models with low external validity. Therefore, we analysed immediate reactions to a sudden 90‐dB white noise in a semi‐natural environment. We observed mixed‐sex groups of rats for the 60 seconds preceding noise onset and the first 60 seconds of exposure. White noise elicited fear‐specific behaviours hiding alone and huddling. It also increased exploratory and ambulatory behaviours, although only in the burrow zone farthest from the open area. Thus, in a semi‐natural environment, white noise enhanced motor activity as a product of fear‐induced general arousal. Then, we compared male and female sexual, social, exploratory and anxiety‐related behaviour, and found little sex difference. This absence of behavioural effect, also observed in other studies, might be a result of our study design, a familiar environment with an ecologically relevant social context. Fear and anxiety responses are modulated by oestrogens through the activation of oestrogen receptors α and β. Thus, in a third part of out study, we analysed how treatment with either oil, oestradiol benzoate (EB), an agonist to the oestrogen receptor α (propylpyrazoletriol [PPT]) or β (diarylpropionitrile [DPN]) influenced female behaviour. The effect of treatment was limited, both EB and PPT stimulated motor activity in the open area before white noise, probably because of sexual activity. PPT increased the probability of fleeing from the noise, and decreased the latency to do so, which is consistent with a pattern of anxiogenic properties found in previous studies. Contrary to reports in classical procedures, we failed to detect any effect of DPN on immediate fear reactions in a semi‐natural environment.
Rethinking the political economy of rural struggles in Turkey: Space, structures, and altered agencies
Authors: Kavak Sinem 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBy focusing on recent water struggles in rural Turkey against run‐of‐the‐river hydropower plants (SHPs), the research delves into the societal and economic factors that enable or inhibit the emergence of strong mobilizations through a comparison of four localities of the Eastern Black Sea region. The main aim of the cross comparison is to determine whether there is a relationship between the forms of rural livelihood (and class position) and political mobilization against SHP construction. The article offers a multilayered relational framework to analyse rural mobilizations. Through a comparative spatial analysis of material and immaterial territories, I argue that the spatio‐economic transformation of the localities that unevenly transform rural settings in terms of production and consumption activities have an impact on the patterns, discourses, and agency in contemporary “rural” mobilizations. This is especially observable with regard to upward mobility and the middle‐classization processes embedded in crop system and household accumulation opportunities. The children of upwardly mobile farmers who became city‐based middle‐class actors tend to present an estheticized and carnivalesque framing in their resistance strategies through the re‐invention of traditions and culture, whereas the lower‐class peasants voice their grievances based strictly on material concerns.
Surface Roughness of Milled Lithium Disilicate With and Without Reinforcement After Finishing and Polishing: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Brodine Brian A. , Korioth Tom V. , Morrow Brian , Shafter Mohamed A. , Hollis Wainscott C. , Cagna David R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine the efficacy of various finishing and polishing techniques on the surface roughness of two computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials, lithium disilicate (IPS e.max), lithium disilicate reinforced with lithium aluminosilicate (Straumann® n!ce™), and a stackable low‐fusing nanofluorapatite glass ceramic (Ceram).Materials and MethodsFlat specimens (n = 12) per treatment group were fabricated 2 mm thick, 15 mm in length, and 12mm in width. Samples were either glazed or polished. Glazing was accomplished with either Ivoclar IPS e.max CAD crystall glaze spray or IPS e.max Ceram glaze paste, according to manufacturer instructions. Three different polishing systems were tested: Brasseler Dialite HP, Ivoclar OptraFine, and Komet LD/ZR. Polishing was performed using a Kavo adjustable slow speed electric contra‐angle handpiece mounted to an oscillating Toothbrush Dentifrice Assessment Instrument. Surface roughness data was collected using a benchtop stylus profilometer and analyzed for statistical significance using two‐way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Representative scanning electron micrograph images were generated for all samples.ResultsOverall there was no significant difference in Ra when comparing types of ceramic (p = 0.9315, F = 0.071). However, there was a statistically significant difference when comparing groups of finishing treatments (p < 0.001, F = 113.5) and also when comparing finishing treatment with ceramic type (p < 0.001, F = 11.13). No significant difference was found with IPS e.max CAD crystall glaze spray on Straumann® n!ce™ versus IPS e.max Ceram glaze paste on IPS e.max Ceram (p = 0.8745) or IPS e.max CAD crystall glaze spray on IPS e.max versus IPS e.max Ceram glaze paste on IPS e.max Ceram (p = 0.3373). Significant differences in Ra of Straumann® n!ce™ were found when comparing Brasseler with Ivoclar (p = 0.0014) and Ivoclar with Komet (p = 0.047). No significant difference was observed between Brasseler and Komet (p = 0.8099).ConclusionsIt appears that the degree of surface roughness depends upon the specific finishing system and ceramic combination used. Straumann® n!ce™ is more efficiently polished using Brasseler Dialite HP or Komet LD/ZR polishing systems. Ivoclar crystal glaze spray was found to be equally as effective on Straumann® n!ce™ and IPS e.max as IPS e.max Ceram glaze paste on IPS e.max Ceram.
Hepatitis B core‐related antigen levels predict recurrence‐free survival in patients with HBV‐associated early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma: results from a Dutch long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Beudeker Boris J. B. , Groothuismink Zwier M. A. , de Man Robert A. , Witjes Caroline D. M. , van der Eijk Annemiek A. , Boonstra Andre , Sonneveld Milan J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrognosis of hepatitis B (HBV)‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poor due to high rates of HCC recurrence and progression of underlying liver disease. We studied whether serum hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) levels could predict HCC recurrence and outcome in HBV associated. Higher HBcrAg levels at HCC diagnosis were independently associated with reduced overall and recurrence‐free survival in patients with early, but not advanced, stage HCC.
Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis in contemporary UK practice: Outcomes of phenotype‐directed management
Authors: Neale Anoushka , Malik Nabiah , Taylor Claire , Sahai Arun , Malde Sachin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesProblem bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is a heterogeneous disorder with variation in management worldwide. Phenotyping aims to personalize therapy and optimize outcomes. The most well‐described phenotype is Hunner lesion disease (HLD). The prevalence of HLD and outcome of phenotype‐directed management in the UK is not well‐studied. We describe the management of a contemporary cohort of patients with BPS/IC in the UK.MethodsRetrospective analysis of all patients with BPS/IC from January 2015‐November 2018. Outcomes of patients who underwent laser ablation to Hunner lesions were collected using the Global Response Assessment tool.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐three patients (mean age of 43 years [20–85]) were included. 78% were female and patients had experienced symptoms for an average 6 years (1–30) prior to specialist assessment. Eighty‐three percent of patients had pelvic imaging (44% ultrasound, 42% magnetic resonance imaging and 14% computed tomography), and a relevant abnormality was found in five (4%). Twenty‐two patients (14%) had HLD (International Society for the Study of BPS [ESSIC] 3), with a mean bladder capacity of 373 mL (175‐650 mL); 77% were ESSIC C on histopathology. All patients with HLD underwent laser ablation, with 55% experiencing a moderate/marked improvement in symptoms, with a mean duration of effect of 10 months (3–36); 27% of patients had a repeat treatment.ConclusionsThe presence of HLD in patients with BPS/IC is not uncommon. Pelvic imaging rarely identifies any cause for pain and so cystoscopy under anesthesia is essential for accurate phenotyping. Phenotype‐directed management with holmium laser ablation to Hunner lesions has good short‐term efficacy in improving pain, but re‐intervention is often required.
Metabolically healthy overweight/obesity are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adults, even in the absence of metabolic risk factors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Opio Jacob , Croker Emma , Odongo George S. , Attia John , Wynne Katie , McEvoy Mark 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis review examined the risk of cardiovascular disease in adults with metabolically healthy overweight/obesity. A systematic review and meta‐analysis using data from Medline, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Cochrane Library searched from inception up to 31st October 2019. We included prospective cohort studies of adults who are metabolically healthy or unhealthy. Outcomes were fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, all‐cause mortality. Pooled relative risk was calculated for each outcome in populations with metabolically healthy overweight and metabolically healthy obesity using metabolically healthy normal weight as reference. A random‐effects model was used for meta‐analysis, and risk of bias assessment tool for nonrandomized studies assessed risk of bias within each study. Twenty‐three prospective cohort studies with 4,492,723 participants were included. Cardiovascular disease risk was increased in metabolically healthy groups with overweight (RR = 1.34, CI: 1.23–1.46, n = 20, I2 = 90.3%) and obesity (RR = 1.58, CI: 1.34–1.85, n = 21, I2 = 92.2) compared with a reference group with metabolically healthy normal weight. Cardiovascular disease risk was similar irrespective of the number of risk factors used to define metabolically healthy and the risk remained in the group with no metabolic risk factors. Cardiovascular disease risk is increased in populations with overweight and obesity classified as metabolically healthy even when there were no metabolic risk factors.
A randomized trial of oral immunotherapy for pediatric cow's milk‐induced anaphylaxis: Heated vs unheated milk
Authors: Nagakura Ken‐ichi , Sato Sakura , Miura Yoko , Nishino Makoto , Takahashi Kyohei , Asaumi Tomoyuki , Ogura Kiyotake , Ebisawa Motohiro , Yanagida Noriyuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSevere reactions may develop during cow's milk (CM) oral immunotherapy (OIT). We investigated the safety and efficacy of low‐dose OIT with heated milk (HM) or unheated milk (UM) in children with anaphylaxis.MethodsChildren with symptom onset after ingestion of 3‐mL HM on a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge were randomly assigned to the HM (n = 17) or UM (n = 16) group. HM group ingested milk powder heated at 125°C for 30 seconds, whereas the UM group used UM. Patients were hospitalized for 5 days; the HM or UM was gradually increased to 3 mL/day; 3‐mL/day ingestion was continued at home. One year later, the patients underwent 2‐day consecutive 3‐ and 25‐mL HM‐oral food challenges (OFCs) after 2‐week avoidance.ResultsAt baseline, milk‐ and casein‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were 56.0 and 51.4 kUA/L in the HM group, and 55.2 and 65.6 kUA/L in the UM group, respectively. One year later, 35% and 18% in the HM group and 50% and 31% in UM group passed the 3 and 25 mL OFCs, respectively. Rates of moderate or severe symptoms and respiratory symptoms per home dose were significantly lower in the HM than in the UM group (0.7% and 1.2% vs 1.4% and 2.6%, respectively, P < .001). β‐lactoglobulin‐specific IgG4 levels significantly increased from baseline only in the UM group, whereas casein‐specific IgG4 levels significantly increased from baseline in both groups.ConclusionsHM‐OIT induced immunological changes more safely than the UM‐OIT. The possibility of lower treatment efficacy with HM‐OIT needs to be evaluated in larger studies.
Minding the gap—Providing quality transplant care for South African children with acute liver failure
Authors: Bruckmann Eduard K. , Beretta Marisa , Demopolous Despina , Brannigan Lliam , Bouter Carolyn , Maher Heather , Etheredge Harriet R. , Fabian June , Haeri Mazanderani Ahmad , Britz Russel , Loveland Jerome , Botha Jean F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPediatric ALF is rare but life‐threatening and may require urgent transplantation. In low and middle‐income countries, access to transplantation is limited, deceased organ donation rates are low, and data on outcomes scarce. The Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre, in Johannesburg, is one of only two centers in South Africa that perform pediatric liver transplant. We describe the etiology, clinical presentation, and outcomes of children undergoing liver transplant for ALF at our center over the past 14 years. We performed a retrospective chart review of all children undergoing liver transplantation for ALF from November 2005 to September 2019. Recipient data included demographics, clinical and biochemical characteristics pretransplant, post‐operative complications, and survival. We conducted descriptive data analysis and used the Kaplan‐Meier method for survival analysis. We performed 182 primary pediatric liver transplants. Of these, 27 (15%) were for ALF, mostly from acute hepatitis A infection (11/27;41%). Just over half of the grafts were from living donors (15/27;56%), and five grafts (5/27;19%) were ABO‐incompatible. The most frequent post‐transplant complications were biliary leaks (9/27;33%). There were two cases of hepatic artery thrombosis (2/27;7%), one of whom required re‐transplantation. Unadjusted patient and graft survival at one and 3 years were the same, at 81% (95% CI 61%‐92%) and 78% (95% CI 57%‐89%), respectively. At WDGMC, our outcomes for children who undergo liver transplantation for ALF are excellent. We found workable solutions that effectively addressed our pervasive organ shortages without compromising patient outcomes.
Neighborhood reputations as symbolic and stratifying mechanisms in the urban hierarchy
Authors: Evans Megan , Lee Barrett A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNeighborhood effects research continues to advance sociological understanding of inequality. Here, we consider a complementary but lower profile body of work. Since 2000, scholars have shown increasing interest in neighborhood reputations, socially constructed place identities that reflect the relative position of neighborhoods in the urban status hierarchy. These reputations, which emerge from multiple sources, are correlated most consistently with an area's racial and socioeconomic composition. Evidence suggests that stigmatized neighborhoods and their inhabitants experience a range of negative consequences. Prestigious neighborhood reputations may be aspirational, guiding households' preferences and influencing the residential selection process in a manner that reinforces existing disparities. Although reputations can change, they appear to do so incrementally because of their cumulative nature. A key challenge for future research is to demonstrate that neighborhood reputations are “real” rather than epiphenomenal, having significance beyond the objective characteristics of the places they represent. Resolving this issue will require finer alignment between reputation measurement and conceptualization, and more analysis of the extent of agreement needed among people's neighborhood perceptions for a reputation to exist. Longitudinal data on many neighborhoods, coupled with historical case studies, could illuminate the dynamics of reputations and help us better evaluate their presumed causes and effects.
RH genotyping by nonspecific quantitative next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Stef Marianne , Fennell Katie , Apraiz Izaskun , Arteta David , González Cecilia , Nogués Nuria , Ochoa‐Garay Gorka 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundConventional sequencing uses gene‐specific primers to determine the location of RH variants and permits a qualitative assessment of zygosity. Whole‐genome and whole‐exome sequencing determine the genetic location of variants and enable a quantitative assessment of zygosity. Nonspecific sequencing uses RH‐consensus primers to detect variants and sequencing‐read ratios to quantify their copy number.Study Design and MethodsTwo hundred seventy eight samples with diverse genotypes were analyzed by next‐generation sequencing with RH‐ consensus primers. Custom‐developed data analysis software was used to detect individual variants and infer the RH genotype. The method was evaluated for its quantitative nature, its ability to discriminate similar genotypes, its accuracy to detect variants, and its accuracy to assign them to RHD or RHCE.ResultsAs a measure of balanced amplification of RHD and RHCE sequences, observed ratio medians deviate from expected ratios by 3% or less of the ratio range. As a measure of discriminatory power, contiguous RHCE / [RHD + RHCE] ratio averages are separated by 4 or more standard deviations of the mean. Variants are detected with a sensitivity and specificity greater than 99%, and variants at consensus positions are correctly assigned to RHD vs RHCE with a sensitivity greater than 72% and a specificity greater than 99%. The method is successful in the identification of genotypes with large conversion events and in the detection of copy number variation.ConclusionNonspecific sequencing of homologous gene sets combines detection and quantification of genetic variation in a single assay. Evidence is provided for the quantitative nature of the method, its sensitivity and specificity, and its ability to identify complex RH genotypes.
Advanced practice nursing roles in Arab countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Almukhaini Salma , Martin-Misener Ruth , Weeks Lori E. , Macdonald Marilyn , Hussain Haifaa , Macdonald Danielle , Al-Ismaili Zeyana , Al-Fahdi Noora , Rothfus Melissa A. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to explore and synthesize evidence regarding the advanced practice nursing roles in Arab countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region.

Introduction:
Many countries have witnessed an increase in the number and types of advanced practice nursing roles. The literature has documented many positive patient outcomes associated with care provided by advanced practice nurses. The International Council of Nurses claims that advanced practice nursing is country-sensitive. Despite the availability of international literature that explores advanced practice nursing roles globally, little attention has been given to advanced practice nursing roles in Arab countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies related to advanced practice nursing roles, such as the historical development, role title, regulations, entry level education, role implementation, and outcomes, in Arab countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region.

Methods:
A comprehensive systematic search will be completed for both published and non-published literature using CINAHL (EBSCO), PubMed (NLM), PsycINFO, Embase (Elsevier), Nursing and Allied Health (ProQuest), Scopus (Elsevier), and websites such as Google Scholar, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, International Council of Nurses’ Nurse Practitioner/Advanced Practice Nursing Network, World Health Organization regional office for the Eastern Mediterranean, and nursing associations and ministries of health in Arab countries. The search will include literature published in Arabic and English, from the inception of databases to present.