bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influenza vaccine failure in the tropics: a retrospective cohort study of waning effectiveness
Authors: Young B. E. , Mak T. M. , Ang L. W. , Sadarangani S. , Ho H. J. , Wilder-Smith A. , Barkham T. , Chen M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) wanes over the course of a temperate climate winter season but little data are available from tropical countries with year-round influenza virus activity. In Singapore, a retrospective cohort study of adults vaccinated from 2013 to 2017 was conducted. Influenza vaccine failure was defined as hospital admission with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed influenza infection 2–49 weeks after vaccination. Relative VE was calculated by splitting the follow-up period into 8-week episodes (Lexis expansion) and the odds of influenza infection in the first 8-week period after vaccination (weeks 2–9) compared with subsequent 8-week periods using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for patient factors and influenza virus activity. Records of 19 298 influenza vaccinations were analysed with 617 (3.2%) influenza infections. Relative VE was stable for the first 26 weeks post-vaccination, but then declined for all three influenza types/subtypes to 69% at weeks 42–49 (95% confidence interval (CI) 52–92%, P = 0.011). VE declined fastest in older adults, in individuals with chronic pulmonary disease and in those who had been previously vaccinated within the last 2 years. Vaccine failure was significantly associated with a change in recommended vaccine strains between vaccination and observation period (adjusted odds ratio 1.26, 95% CI 1.06–1.50, P = 0.010).
High‐Resolution GRACE Monthly Spherical Harmonic Solutions
Authors: Chen Qiujie , Shen Yunzhong , Kusche Jürgen , Chen Wu , Chen Tianyi , Zhang Xingfu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMass transport estimates based on filtered Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) monthly spherical harmonic gravity field solutions generally suffer from resolution loss and signal attenuation. To develop high‐resolution solutions from GRACE Level‐1B data, this study proposes a new regularization method. Transforming spatial constraints from GRACE‐based filtered mass changes into the spectral domain and imposing them on spherical harmonics, we resolve high‐resolution gravity field solutions expressed as spherical harmonics instead of mascons. The proposed method greatly enhances the spatial resolution and signal strength of spherical harmonic solutions. Using the presented method, we have produced a time series of high‐resolution (degree 180) spherical harmonic solutions named Tongji‐RegGrace2019, which can be directly used without further smoothing. To evaluate Tongji‐RegGrace2019, we conduct the global (trend and annual amplitude) and regional comparisons (groundwater loss signals over India, hydrology signals over river basins, and ice melting signals over Greenland, Antarctica Peninsula and Patagonia) among various GRACE solutions. Our analyses show that Tongji‐RegGrace2019 agrees well with Center for Space Research and Jet Propulsion Laboratory mascon solutions in terms of signal power and spatial resolution. Over the selected areas, the correlation coefficients of mass changes between Tongji‐RegGrace2019 and mascon solutions are at least 82%. Compared to the filtered solution, higher spatial resolution and stronger signal power are achieved by Tongji‐RegGrace2019 and mascon solutions, which have the potential to retrieve signals at a smaller spatial scale. Over Patagonia Icefield, the improvement of trend estimates by Tongji‐RegGrace2019 with respect to the filtered solution is about 150%.
Assessment of Magnetic Techniques for Understanding Complex Mixtures of Magnetite and Hematite: The Inuyama Red Chert
Authors: Hu Pengxiang , Oda Hirokuni , Zhao Xiang , Harrison Richard J. , Heslop David , Sato Tetsuro , Muxworthy Adrian R. , Roberts Andrew P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMagnetite and hematite mixtures occur widely in nature. Magnetic unmixing of the signals recorded by these minerals can be important for assessing the origin of their respective paleomagnetic remanences and for extracting geological and paleoenvironmental information. However, unmixing magnetic signals from complex magnetite and hematite mixtures is difficult because of the weak magnetization and high coercivity of hematite. We assess here the relative effectiveness of first‐order reversal curve (FORC) and extended FORC‐type diagrams, FORC‐principal component analysis (PCA), isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) curve decomposition, and PCA of remanent hysteretic curves for unmixing magnetic components in samples from the magnetically complex Inuyama red chert, Japan. We also further characterize the domain state and coercivity distributions of both magnetite and hematite with FORC‐PCA and IRM acquisition analysis in the red chert. We show that IRM curve decomposition can provide valuable component‐specific information linked to coercivity, while FORC‐PCA enables effective magnetic domain state identification. PCA of remanent hysteretic curves provides useful information about the most significant factors influencing remanence variations and subtle coercivity changes. To identify components in complex magnetite and hematite mixtures, we recommend PCA analysis of remanent hysteretic curves combined with FORC analysis of representative samples to identify domain states and coercivity distributions.
Low‐Magnitude Seismicity With a Downhole Distributed Acoustic Sensing Array—Examples From the FORGE Geothermal Experiment
Authors: Lellouch A. , Schultz R. , Lindsey N.J. , Biondi B.L. , Ellsworth W.L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe show the capabilities of a downhole distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) array in detecting, locating, and characterizing low‐magnitude earthquakes occurring in the vicinity of the Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) site in Utah. Continuous data for 10.5 days were acquired in a monitoring well at the FORGE geothermal site during the initial stimulation of an enhanced geothermal system in April–May 2019. Earthquake activity beneath Mineral Mountains, Utah also occurred within 10 km of the FORGE monitoring well. During the experiment, four earthquakes were cataloged by routine processing of the University of Utah Seismograph Stations. Our processing of DAS data finds 77 earthquakes during that period, of which 16 are visible on the regional network. Five additional events are found by template matching DAS data. The magnitude of completeness obtained by DAS processing is better by at least M = 0.5 than the dense surface array around the FORGE site. Depth estimation using DAS is more reliable than using a surface array. While a single vertical DAS array is limited in terms of event location due to its azimuthal ambiguity, multiple DAS wells or a combination of a downhole array with surface stations or near‐surface horizontal DAS could jointly resolve locations. All detected events probably originated from the two active source areas, located 3–5 and 8–10 km away from the FORGE site, respectively. Recorded events can be reliably clustered into several distinct families thanks to the spatial density and large number of DAS channels.
Satellites to Sprinklers: Assessing the Role of Climate and Land Cover Change on Patterns of Urban Outdoor Water Use
Authors: Blount Kyle , Wolfand Jordyn M. , Bell Colin D. , Ajami Newsha K. , Hogue Terri S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOutdoor water use represents over 50% of total water demand in semiarid and arid cities and presents both challenges to and opportunities for improved efficiency and water resilience. The current work adapts a remote sensing‐based methodology to estimate growing season irrigation rates at the census block group scale in Denver, Colorado. Results show that city‐wide outdoor water use does not change significantly from 1995 to 2018, while per capita water use and total water use significantly decrease from 2000 to 2018. Because total water use, but not outdoor use, is decreasing, the percent of water used outdoors significantly increases across the city from 2000 to 2018. Climate variables account for one‐quarter of interannual variation in mean irrigation rates due primarily to changes in temperature, not precipitation. Percent impervious land cover exhibits a significant inverse nonlinear relationship with irrigation rates at the census block group scale. Finally, 38% of Denver census block groups show significantly increasing irrigation rates between 1995 and 2018 driven primarily by increasing temperatures. The increasing proportion of water used for irrigation highlights the importance of outdoor demand management for urban water systems as indoor efficiencies improve. We advocate that resilient water systems necessitate integrated land use, infrastructure, and water planning in the face of urban growth and climate change. While minimizing irrigated urban areas may reduce demand, remaining green spaces should be designed to maximize multiple benefits including reductions in water demand and urban heat islands, stormwater management, and recreation to improve the sustainability of growing cities.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: old friends and new tricks
Authors: Kim Eunsun , Viatour Patrick 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Ninety percent of HCC cases arise from cirrhosis, during which liver cells undergo chronic cycles of necrosis and regeneration. The complex genomic landscape of HCC has been extensively investigated to draw correlations between recurrently mutated pathways and patient prognosis. However, our limited success with targeted therapy shows that knowing the presence of somatic mutations alone is insufficient for us to gauge the full spectrum of their functional consequences in the context of tumor evolution. In addition, the current molecular classification of HCC offers little information on the relationship between the molecular features and immunological properties of HCC tumors and their immune microenvironment. This review introduces current challenges and advancements made in HCC surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment. We also discuss the suite of HCC-associated genetic changes and describe recent studies that provide evidence for an evolving functional model and its implications for understanding and targeting HCC progression.
MELK is an oncogenic kinase essential for metastasis, mitotic progression, and programmed death in lung carcinoma
Authors: Tang Qin , Li Wan , Zheng Xiangjin , Ren Liwen , Liu Jinyi , Li Sha , Wang Jinhua , Du Guanhua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLung cancer is the fastest growth rate of morbidity and mortality in nearly a decade, and remains difficult to treat. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms underlying its development are still unclear. In this study, bioinformatics analysis showed that MELK was highly expressed in lung cancer and negatively correlated to the survival of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Immunohistochemistry analysis of LUAD patient tissues revealed there were a high level of MELK expression in LUAD. Knockdown of MELK expression inhibits the migration and invasion of LUAD cells, which may be mediated by Twist1, Slug, MMP7, and N-catenin. Overexpression of MELK promoted the growth of LUAD cells in medium, 3D Matrigel, and nude mice. Inhibition of MELK by OTSSP167 arrested cycle of LUAD cells at G2/M phase via PLK1-CDC25C-CDK1 pathway, and triggered apoptosis-mediated pyroptosis. Together, these data indicate that MELK is critical for metastasis, mitotic progression, and programmed death of LUAD and may be a promising therapeutic target for LUAD.
Development and validation of a novel staging system integrating the number and location of lymph nodes for gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Ziyu , Wu Xiaolong , Gao Xiangyu , Shan Fei , Ying Xiangji , Zhang Yan , Ji Jiafu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Evidence suggests that the anatomic extent of metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) affects prognosis, as proposed by alternative staging systems. The aim of this study was to establish a new staging system based on the number of perigastric (PMLN) and extra-perigastric (EMLN) MLNs.

Methods
Data from a Chinese cohort of 1090 patients who had undergone curative gastrectomy with D2 or D2 plus lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer were retrospectively analysed. A Japanese validation cohort (n = 826) was included. Based on the Cox proportional hazards model, the regression coefficients of PMLN and EMLN were used to calculate modified MLN (MMLN). Prognostic performance of the staging systems was evaluated.

Results
PMLN and EMLN were independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis (coefficients: 0.044, 0.115; all P < 0.001). MMLN was calculated as follows: MMLN = PMLN + 2.6 × EMLN. The MMLN staging system showed superior prognostic performance (C-index: 0.751 in the Chinese cohort; 0.748 in the Japanese cohort) compared with the five published LN staging systems when MMLN numbers were grouped as follows: MMLN0 (0), MMLN1 (1–4), MMLN2 (5–8), MMLN3 (9–20), and MMLN4 (>20).

Discussion
The MMLN staging system is suitable for assessing overall survival among patients undergoing curative gastrectomy with D2 or D2 plus lymphadenectomy.
SKIL facilitates tumorigenesis and immune escape of NSCLC via upregulating TAZ/autophagy axis
Authors: Ma Fang , Ding Meng-Ge , Lei Yi-Yu , Luo Li-Hua , Jiang Shun , Feng Yu-Hua , Liu Xian-Ling 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImmune escape is an important mechanism in tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate roles of SKIL in tumorigenesis and immune escape of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SKIL expression levels in NSCLC cell line, clinical sample, and adjacent normal tissue were measured by quantitative PCR, western blot, or immunohistochemistry. Lentivirus was used to overexpress/silence SKIL or TAZ expression. Malignant phenotypes of NSCLC cells were evaluated by colony formation, transwell, and MTT assays, and in xenograft mice model. Syngeneic mice model and flow cytometry were used to evaluate T cell infiltration. Quantitative PCR and western blot were applied to evaluate relevant mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Co-immunoprecipitation was applied to unveil the interaction between SKIL and TAZ. SKIL expression was higher in NSCLC tissue compared to adjacent normal tissue. Silencing of SKIL inhibited malignant phenotypes of NSCLC cells and promoted T cell infiltration. SKIL-knockdown inhibited autophagy and activated the STING pathway in NSCLC cells through down-regulation of TAZ. Silencing of TAZ cancelled the effects of SKIL overexpression on malignant phenotypes and autophagy of NSCLC cells. Inhibition of autophagy reversed the effects of SKIL/TAZ overexpression on the STING pathway. In conclusion, SKIL promoted tumorigenesis and immune escape of NSCLC cells through upregulation of TAZ/autophagy axis and inhibition on downstream STING pathway.
Effective inhibition of MYC-amplified group 3 medulloblastoma by FACT-targeted curaxin drug CBL0137
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Sui Yi , Li Qifeng , Zhao Yang , Dong Xiaoshu , Yang Jian , Liang Zhuangzhuang , Han Yipeng , Tang Yujie , Ma Jie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMedulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor that can be categorized into four major molecular subgroups. Group 3 MB with MYC amplification (MYCamp-G3-MB) has been shown to be highly aggressive and exhibited worst prognosis, indicating the need for novel effective therapy most urgently. A few epigenetic targeted therapeutic strategies have recently been proven to effectively treat preclinical models of MYCamp-G3-MB, including BET inhibition, HDAC inhibition and SETD8 inhibition, unveiling a promising direction for further investigation. In this study, we carried out systemic bioinformatic analyses of public-available MB datasets as well as functional genomic screening datasets of primary MYCamp-G3-MB lines to search for other potential therapeutic targets within epigenetic modulators. We identified SSRP1, a subunit of histone-chaperone FACT complex, to be the top drug target candidate as it is highly cancer-dependent in whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 screening across multiple MYCamp-G3-MB lines; significantly upregulated in MYCamp-G3-MB compared to normal cerebellum and most of the rest MB subtypes; its higher expression is correlated with worse prognosis; and it has a blood-brain-barrier penetrable targeted drug that has entered early phase human clinical trials already. Then we utilized RNA-interference approach to verify the cancer-dependency of SSRP1 in multiple MYCamp-G3-MB lines and further confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of FACT-targeted curaxin drug CBL0137 on treating preclinical models of MYCamp-G3-MB in vitro and in vivo, including an orthotopic intracranial xenograft model. Mechanistically, transcriptome analyses showed CBL0137 preferentially suppressed cell-cycle and DNA-repair related biological processes. Moreover, it selectively disrupted transcription of MYC and NEUROD1, two critical oncogenic transcription factors of MYCamp-G3-MB, via depleting FACT complex from their promoter regions. In summary, our study demonstrates FACT-targeted CBL0137 works effectively on treating MYCamp-G3-MB, presenting another promising epigenetic-targeted therapeutic strategy against the most devastating form of MB.
Chemotherapy induces dynamic immune responses in breast cancers that impact treatment outcome
Authors: Park Yeon Hee , Lal Samir , Lee Jeong Eon , Choi Yoon-La , Wen Ji , Ram Sripad , Ding Ying , Lee Soo-Hyeon , Powell Eric , Lee Se Kyung , Yu Jong Han , Ching Keith A. , Nam Jae-Yong , Kim Seok Won , Nam Seok Jin , Kim Ji-Yeon , Cho Soo Youn , Park Seri , Kim Jinho , Hwang Soohyn , Kim Yu Jin , Bonato Vinicius , Fernandez Diane , Deng Shibing , Wang Shuoguo , Shin Hyuntae , Kang Eun-Suk , Park Woong-Yang , Rejto Paul A. , Bienkowska Jadwiga , Kan Zhengyan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo elucidate the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), we conduct whole transcriptome profiling coupled with histopathology analyses of a longitudinal breast cancer cohort of 146 patients including 110 pairs of serial tumor biopsies collected before treatment, after the first cycle of treatment and at the time of surgery. Here, we show that cytotoxic chemotherapies induce dynamic changes in the tumor immune microenvironment that vary by subtype and pathologic response. Just one cycle of treatment induces an immune stimulatory microenvironment harboring more tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and up-regulation of inflammatory signatures predictive of response to anti-PD1 therapies while residual tumors are immune suppressed at end-of-treatment compared to the baseline. Increases in TILs and CD8+ T cell proportions in response to NAC are independently associated with pathologic complete response. Further, on-treatment immune response is more predictive of treatment outcome than immune features in paired baseline samples although these are strongly correlated.
Maximizing ion accessibility in MXene-knotted carbon nanotube composite electrodes for high-rate electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Gao Xiang , Du Xuan , Mathis Tyler S. , Zhang Mengmeng , Wang Xuehang , Shui Jianglan , Gogotsi Yury , Xu Ming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImproving the accessibility of ions in the electrodes of electrochemical energy storage devices is vital for charge storage and rate performance. In particular, the kinetics of ion transport in organic electrolytes is slow, especially at low operating temperatures. Herein, we report a new type of MXene-carbon nanotube (CNT) composite electrode that maximizes ion accessibility resulting in exceptional rate performance at low temperatures. The improved ion transport at low temperatures is made possible by breaking the conventional horizontal alignment of the two-dimensional layers of the MXene Ti3C2 by using specially designed knotted CNTs. The large, knot-like structures in the knotted CNTs prevent the usual restacking of the Ti3C2 flakes and create fast ion transport pathways. The MXene-knotted CNT composite electrodes achieve high capacitance (up to 130 F g−1 (276 F cm−3)) in organic electrolytes with high capacitance retention over a wide scan rate range of 10 mV s−1 to 10 V s−1. This study is also the first report utilizing MXene-based supercapacitors at low temperatures (down to −60 °C).
Der Einsatz skelettaler Verankerung bei doppelt angelegtem Zahn 12
und verlagertem Eckzahn 23
Authors: Vu Hoang. T. , Jung Britta A. 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Patientenfall skizziert das kieferorthopädische
Management und die Therapie eines doppelt angelegten Zahnes 12 und einem
verlagerten Eckzahn 23.
Aktuelle Behandlungskonzepte für Hirntumoren im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Peraud Aurelia , Schuler-Ortoli Marie , Stursberg Jana , Schlötzer Wiebke , Beer Meinrad , Bartholomä Stephan , Westhoff Mike-Andrew , Welte Birgitta , Wiegel Thomas , Loichinger Wolfgang , Debatin Klaus-Michael 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungNeue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse in der Molekulardiagnostik und Therapie konnten für einige kindliche Hirntumoren erhebliche Verbesserungen für das Gesamt- und rezidivfreie Überleben erzielen. Dennoch ist man sich der Langzeitfolgen der teils sehr invasiven Therapien bei Kindern, der damit verbundenen reduzierten Lebensqualität sowie dem Risiko der Zweitmalignome bewusst. Deshalb ist es wichtig, dass Entscheidungen über das optimale therapeutische Vorgehen für jeden Patienten individuell und interdisziplinär im pädiatrischen Tumorboard getroffen werden.
Bewegungsförderung bei Menschen in schwierigen Lebenslagen
Authors: Fleuren Tobias , Herbert-Maul Annika , Linder Stephanie , Geidl Wolfgang , Reimers Anne Kerstin , Abu-Omar Karim 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Bewegungsförderung bei Menschen in schwierigen Lebenslagen und den besonderen Herausforderungen, die an eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung entsprechender Programme und Interventionen für diese Personengruppen gestellt werden. Anhand zweier Praxisbeispiele wird aufgezeigt, wie Bewegungsförderung für schwer erreichbare Adressat*innen durch partizipative Ansätze gelingen kann. Das BIG-Projekt (Bewegung als Investition in Gesundheit) bietet einen Ansatz für Frauen in schwierigen Lebenslagen. Bei GESTALT (GEhen, Spielen und Tanzen Als Lebenslange Tätigkeiten), einem Bewegungsprogramm zur Demenzprävention, werden Personen ab 60 Jahren adressiert, die bislang nur unzureichend oder gar nicht körperlich aktiv sind. Damit solche Projekte auf möglichst viele neue Kommunen übertragen werden können, muss die bisherige enge wissenschaftliche Begleitung durch mehr Verantwortung und Eigenständigkeit in den Kommunen ersetzt werden. Für die Praxis der Bewegungsförderung bedeutet dies, dass eine Erweiterung von Ausbildungsinhalten in Betracht gezogen werden sollte, um die notwendigen Kompetenzen und Strategien zu vermitteln, damit schwierige Zielgruppen adäquat erreicht werden.