bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Development of an In-Flight Actuator for Modeling Dynamic Compaction in a Geotechnical Centrifuge
Authors: Kundu Saptarshi , Viswanadham B. V. S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The objective of this article is to present the design details and performance of an in-flight actuator for simulating dynamic compaction (DC) at enhanced gravities in a geotechnical centrifuge. The developed actuator is equipped with an automatized lifting and dropping mechanism to induce repeated impacts on the soil surface at high gravities, with prototype energies varying from 50 to 400 t-m. In addition, the developed actuator encompasses a wide range of tamper shapes, tamper diameter, and mass coupled with variable drop heights during centrifuge testing, thereby simulating both low-energy impacts and high-energy DC processes adopted in the field. The various components and working mechanism of the developed actuator are discussed, with particular emphasis on measures taken for ensuring vertical alignment of tamper and for minimizing Coriolis acceleration generated during flight. In this article, the results of four calibration tests and four centrifuge model tests of DC on a typical loose granular deposit are discussed, conducted in a 4.5-m radius large beam centrifuge facility available at IIT Bombay, India. The calibration results indicate that the impact frequency can be regulated remotely by controlling the motor voltage to enable monitoring of pore water pressure build-up in saturated soils during impact and its subsequent dissipation. The average time interval between successive impacts, in this case, is observed to be uniform and approximately 1.4–2.3 min in prototype dimensions. Further, the analysis of data captured by pore water pressure transducers and accelerometers, coupled with GeoPIV-based image analysis, was employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of DC in granular soils using the developed actuator for various tamper energies and saturation levels. The results are interpreted in terms of pore water pressure variations during impacts, crater formations, surface settlements, induced ground velocities and peak accelerations, and increases in relative density of the soil after DC.
Pregnancy during the course of Cushing’s syndrome: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ildefonso-Najarro Sofia Pilar , Plasencia-Dueñas Esteban Alberto , Benites-Moya Cesar Joel , Carrion-Rojas Jose , Concepción-Zavaleta Marcio Jose 
Published: April 2020

Summary
Cushing’s syndrome is an endocrine disorder that causes anovulatory infertility secondary to hypercortisolism; therefore, pregnancy rarely occurs during its course. We present the case of a 24-year-old, 16-week pregnant female with a 10-month history of unintentional weight gain, dorsal gibbus, nonpruritic comedones, hirsutism and hair loss. Initial biochemical, hormonal and ultrasound investigations revealed hypokalemia, increased nocturnal cortisolemia and a right adrenal mass. The patient had persistent high blood pressure, hyperglycemia and hypercortisolemia. She was initially treated with antihypertensive medications and insulin therapy. Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome was confirmed by an abdominal MRI that demonstrated a right adrenal adenoma. The patient underwent right laparoscopic adrenalectomy and anatomopathological examination revealed an adrenal adenoma with areas of oncocytic changes. Finally, antihypertensive medication was progressively reduced and glycemic control and hypokalemia reversal were achieved. Long-term therapy consisted of low-dose daily prednisone. During follow-up, despite favorable outcomes regarding the patient’s Cushing’s syndrome, stillbirth was confirmed at 28 weeks of pregnancy. We discuss the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of Cushing’s syndrome to prevent severe maternal and fetal complications.

Learning points:

Pregnancy can occur, though rarely, during the course of Cushing’s syndrome.

Pregnancy is a transient physiological state of hypercortisolism and it must be differentiated from Cushing’s syndrome based on clinical manifestations and laboratory tests.

The diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome during pregnancy may be challenging, particularly in the second and third trimesters because of the changes in the maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Pregnancy during the course of Cushing’s syndrome is associated with severe maternal and fetal complications; therefore, its early diagnosis and treatment is critical.
Función cognitiva y composición corporal en mujeres adultas mayores
Authors: Rodríguez Perdomo Leonardo , Barón Cuervo Jaime Sneider 
Published: April 2020

El test Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) instrumento para medir el deterioro cognitivo leve y estados de demencia en adultos mayores, presenta una correlación frente al componente morfológico. Materiales y Métodos: Se estudiaron 54 sujetos de sexo femenino, entre los 60-70 años de edad, registrando variables morfológicas con el equipo de impedancia SECA mBCA514®, masa magra, masa grasa, masa muscular y masa muscular segmentado en cinco compartimientos; las funciones cognitivas se evaluaron con el test MoCA. Resultados. Los resultados se reportan en medias y desviación estándar en el componente morfológico, para edad años (63.9±3.3), talla m (1.53±0.07), peso Kg (67.04±12.2), perímetro cintura cm (94.4±11,6), IMC (27.6±3.7), masa grasa Kg (26.4±7.4), masa magra Kg (40.6±7.3), masa muscular segmentada en 5 componentes. Para la variable cognitiva con el Moca, para visuo-espacial (2.4±1.1), denominación animal (2.6±0.5), memoria (1.6±1.8), atención (3.3±2.0), lenguaje (1.5±1.0), abstracción (1.3±0.56), orientación (5.7±0.52), total (18.3±5.5). Se muestran niveles de correlación entre los resultados de Moca y composición corporal. Se encontraron diferentes niveles de correlación entre algunos parámetros de MoCA y parámetros específicos en la composición corporal.
Transparansi Kebijakan Publik Sebagai Strategi Nasional Dalam Menanggulangi Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Muis Afni Regita Cahyani 
Published: April 2020

AbstrakDunia sedang diperhadapkan dengan pandemi COVID-19 yang meluluhlantakkan aktivitas sosial, sektor ekonomi, politik, bahkan pendidikan. Negara-negara yang terancam terkena dampak pandemi COVID-19 melakukan berbagai upaya untuk menanggulangi wabah dari virus mematikan tersebut. Konsep transparansi pemerintah memainkan peran kunci dalam memberikan decision making yang efektif bagi output kebijakan publik dalam aksi cepat tanggap penanggulangan COVID-19. Analisis Transparansi dalam penelitian ini adalah kebijakan publik di berbagai negara, seperti Tiongkok, Korea Selatan, Taiwan, Vietnam, dan Kanada yang berhasil menerapkan konsep transparansi untuk mewujudkan sistem good governance. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjadi lessons dari negara lain bagi strategi nasional, khususnya Indonesia dalam menanggulangi Pandemi COVID-19. Metode penelitian ini merupakan studi komparasi dengan learning experience sebagai media analisis dengan kajian literatur. Kata Kunci: Transparansi, Kebijakan Publik, Strategi Nasional, Pandemi, COVID-19
Relationship between problematic Internet use and age at initial weekly Internet use
Authors: Nakayama Hideki , Ueno Fumihiko , Mihara Satoko , Kitayuguchi Takashi , Higuchi Susumu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background and aims
An important proportion of infants and adolescents in Japan are using Internet-equipped devices, including smartphones, tablets, and game consoles. However, the relationship between the risk of IA and the age at initial habitual Internet use remains unknown. We aimed to investigate this relationship among adolescents.

Methods
We surveyed 1,775 subjects in seven public junior high schools in Kanagawa prefecture, Japan, in November 2017. Students were asked to complete the Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ), which captured information regarding gender, school grade, night sleep, age at which they first started using the Internet at least once weekly, Internet usage situation, and Internet use time for purposes other than study. Data from subjects who reported experience of weekly Internet use were analyzed.

Results
Junior high school students who were younger at initial weekly Internet use tended to have problematic Internet use (PIU) and to spend more time on Internet activities. In particular, initial weekly Internet use before the age of five in boys was associated with a significantly increased risk of PIU (YDQ ≥ 5), with an odds ratio of 14.955, compared with initial weekly Internet use after the age of 12. Smartphone ownership significantly increased the risk of PIU compared with no ownership among the total population and among girls.

Discussion and Conclusions
Junior high school male students displayed a robust relationship between initial weekly Internet use and PIU, whereas junior high school female students displayed a particularly strong relationship between smartphone ownership and PIU. Therefore, longitudinal IA preventive education from an early age is necessary.
Low testosterone: Androgen deficiency, endurance exercise training, and competitive performance
Authors: Hackney AC , Hooper DR 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Our intent was to (a) characterize weekly changes in resting testosterone (T), cortisol (C), and the T:C ratio in males during an intensive endurance training program, and (b) determine if clinical androgen deficiency (AD) based upon T-level criteria developed.

Methods
An 18-week training program in which individual training volume (km/week) increased at 25% increments over baseline (BL) levels observed prior to the study beginning at 4-week intervals throughout the first 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the volume was reduced to that of the first 4 weeks until the study end (week 18). Competitive performance running tests were assessed at BL and every 4 weeks, while blood T and C were assessed weekly.

Results
Performance improved from BL at weeks 4–16 (p < 0.01). T was reduced (p < 0.01) from BL at weeks 3, and 5–18. The greatest reduction from BL was at week 13, subsequently T returned toward BL at week 18. C was highly variable, and no significant changes from BL were noted. The T:C ratio at weeks 5, 6, and 8–16 was significantly less than at BL (p < 0.01), the greatest reduction at week 13. The T:C ratio values also returned toward BL by week 18. Finally, ∼50% of the subjects reached T levels to be classified as AD.

Conclusions
Sports scientists should recognize decreases in T or T:C ratio is not always indicative of compromised competitive performance potential. Clinicians should be aware increased training loads can lead to AD in men.
Decrescent intensity training concurrently improves maximal anaerobic power, maximal accumulated oxygen deficit, and maximal oxygen uptake
Authors: Ozaki H , Kato G , Nakagata T , Nakamura T , Nakada K , Kitada T , Katamoto S , Naito H 
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a gradually decreasing intensity training from that corresponding to maximal anaerobic power (MAnP) to that of near maximal oxygen uptake () (decrescent intensity training) on MAnP, maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD), and in untrained young men. Seventeen untrained young men were randomly divided into either a training (TR; n = 9) group or a control (CON; n = 8) group. The TR group performed the decrescent intensity training, whereas the CON group did not perform any exercises. The mean training time per session throughout the training period was 275 ± 135 s. There was a Group × Time interaction for both absolute and relative (p < 0.01) values of , MAOD, and MAnP. The TR group had significantly increased values for all variables after the 8-week training program, and the relative values of all variables were significantly higher in the TR group than in the CON group. Muscle thicknesses in the anterior and posterior aspects of the thigh and maximal isokinetic knee extension and flexion strengths improved only in the TR group (p < 0.05). A single-exercise training with gradually decreasing intensity from that corresponding to the MAnP to that of approximately 100% improves MAnP, MAOD, and concurrently, despite the short training time per session.
Proprioceptive accuracy is not associated with self-reported body awareness, body competence, and affect
Authors: Horváth Á , Ferentzi E , Köteles F 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Proprioception plays an essential role in motor control and in psychological functioning: it is the basis of body schema and the feeling of body ownership. There are individual differences in the processing accuracy of proprioceptive stimuli. Although proprioceptive acuity plays an important role in physical competence, there are contradictory findings concerning the role it plays in healthy psychological functioning. This study aims to shed more light on this association.

Material and methods
Sixty-eight young adults participated in this study. We estimated proprioceptive acuity by the reposition accuracy of elbow joint positions. We tested both dominant and non-dominant hands with two different versions of Joint Position Reproduction Test. Perceived physical competence, body awareness, and affectivity were assessed using questionnaires (Physical Competence scale of Body Consciousness Questionnaire, Somatic Absorption Scale, and Positive and Negative Affectivity Schedule, respectively).

Results
No significant association between proprioceptive acuity and body awareness, perceived body competence, and positive and negative affect was found.

Conclusion
Proprioceptive acuity, measured in the elbow joint, does not play a substantial role in body awareness, perceived body competence, and affect.
The importance of ST elevation in V2–4 ECG leads in athletes
Authors: Major Zs , Kirschner R , Medvegy N , Kiss K , Török GM , Pavlik G , Simonyi G , Komka Zs , Medvegy M 
Published: April 2020

Background
Early repolarization in the anterior ECG leads (ERV2–4) is considered to be a sign of right ventricular (RV) remodeling, but its etiology and importance are unclear.

Methods
A total of 243 top-level endurance-trained athletes (ETA; 183 men and 60 women, weekly training hours: 15–20) and 120 leisure-time athletes (LTA; 71 men and 49 women, weekly training hours: 5–6) were investigated. The ERV2–4 sign was evaluated concerning type of sport, gender, transthoracic echocardiographic parameters, and ECG changes, which can indicate elevated RV systolic pressure [left atrium enlargement (LAE), right atrium enlargement (RAE), RV conduction defect (RVcd)].

Results
Stroke volume and left ventricular mass were higher in ETAs vs. LTAs in both genders (p < 0.01). Prevalence of the ERV2–4 sign was significantly higher in men than in women [p = 0.000, odds ratio (OR) = 36.4] and in ETAs than in LTAs (p = 0.000). The highest ERV2–4 prevalence appeared in the most highly trained triathlonists and canoe and kayak paddlers (OR = 13.8 and 5.2, respectively). Within the ETA group, the post-exercise LAE, RAE, and RVcd changes developed more frequently in cases with than without ERV2–4 (LAE: men: p < 0.05, females: p < 0.005; RAE: men: p < 0.05, females: p < 0.005; RVcd: N.S.). These post-exercise appearing LAE, RAE, and RVcd are associated with the ERV2–4 sign (OR = 4.0, 3.7, and 3.8, respectively).

Conclusions
According to these results, ERV2–4 develops mainly in male ETAs due to long-lasting and repeated endurance training. The ERV2–4 sign indicates RV’s adaptation to maintain higher compensatory pulmonary pressure and flow during exercise but its danger regarding malignant arrhythmias is unclear.
Betanin effect on PPAR-α and SREBP-1c expression in NMRI mice model of steatohepatitis with fibrosis
Authors: Yahaghi L. , Yaghmaei Parichehreh , Hayati-Roodbari N. , Irani S. , Ebrahim-Habibi A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeBetanin is a betacyanin with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities whose effects were investigated in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model.Main methodsNinety-six male naval medical research institute (NMRI) mice were divided into eight groups (n = 12) including normal control, high fat diet (HFD), Sham, and positive control treated with trans-chalcone. Three experimental groups were treated with 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg betanin, and a betanin protective group was also defined.ResultsFour weeks of HFD treatment resulted in steatohepatitis with associated fibrosis. Significant increase was observed in serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glucose, insulin, leptin, liver enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), furthermore insulin resistance and (sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c) SREBP-1c were detected. Levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), adiponectin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and PPAR-α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α) considerably decreased. Treatment by betanin, particularly the 20 mg/kg dosage, attenuated these changes.ConclusionBetanin is a potential treating agent of steatohepatitis and works through up-regulation of PPAR-α, down-regulation of SREBP-1c, modification of adipokine levels and modulation of lipid profile.
Medullary thyroid cancer is associated with high serum vitamin D level and polymorphism of vitamin D receptors
Authors: Ramezani M , Mazani M , Tabatabaei M , Rahimian A , Mosaferi E , Hedayati M 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Studies have observed an anti-cancer effect for vitamin D and found that polymorphisms of vitamin D receptors can influence the prevalence of various cancers. The present study investigated the serum level of vitamin D and FokI, BsmI and Tru9I polymorphisms of vitamin D receptors.MethodsForty patients with medullary thyroid cancer and 40 healthy controls were investigated. The genomic DNA of the subjects was extracted using saturated salt/proteinase K and investigated by PCR sequencing. Serum levels of vitamin D were evaluated by ELISA. The results were analyzed in SPSS and GraphPad Prism 5 software.ResultsThe genotypic and allelic frequencies of FokI and BsmI polymorphisms showed no significant differences between test and control groups. For Tru9I polymorphism, Tt genotype and t allelic frequency in the test group were significantly different from those of the control group. Also, we found Tt genotype and t allelic frequency to be significantly associated with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) type and the agressiveness of the disease. The average serum vitamin D level was 23.32 ng/mL and 18.95 ng/mL for patients and controls, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. Moreover, we found high serum vitamin D level to be associated with t allelic frequency.ConclusionsUnexpectedly, the mean serum vitamin D level of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Tru9I polymorphism was found to be significantly correlated with the prevalence of medullary thyroid carcinoma.
Testicularis adrenalis rest tumor a congenitalis adrenalis hyperplasia hátterében
Authors: Brzózka Ádám , Kuthi Levente , Hajdú Erzsébet , Magony Sándor , Király István Előd , Kincses Zsigmond Tamás , Szatmári Angelika , Szalma Emese , Palkó András , Fejes Zsuzsanna 
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:
A congenitalis adrenalis hyperplasia különféle megjelenési formáiban a
testicularis adrenalis rest tumorok prevalenciája eltérő. A tapintható,
általában kétoldali hereelváltozás az esetek 90–95%-ában a 21-hidroxiláz enzim
hiánya okozta mellékvesekéreg-hyperplasia következményeként jelenik meg. Az
adrenalis rest tumorok, bár jól ismert elváltozások, diagnózisuk és kezelésük
multidiszciplináris megközelítést igényel. Az endokrinológiai, urológiai,
patológiai és radiológiai szakmák együttműködése kiemelkedően fontos. Amennyiben
korai stádiumban felismerésre kerül, adekvát szteroidhormon-emelés segíthet a
térfoglalás méretének csökkentésében. Késői felismerés esetén azonban
irrevezibilis károsodás jön létre, mely infertilitáshoz vezet. Mivel a kezelés
az egyéb jó- és rosszindulatú hereelváltozásokhoz képest jelentősen különbözik,
fontos a korai és pontos diagnózis felállítása. Esetismertetésünk kapcsán a
testicularis adrenalis rest tumorok differenciáldiagnoszikai és kezelési
nehézségeit multidiszciplináris szemszögből mutatjuk be. Orv Hetil. 2020;
161(16): 623–631.
A Nap sötét oldala: retinopathia solaris esetének multimodális bemutatása
Authors: Molnár Adél , Gombocz Eszter , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Schneider Miklós 
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:
A solaris retinopathia a fotoreceptorok és a retina pigmentepitheliumának
ultraibolya (UV) fény okozta fotokémiai és termikus károsodása. A behatás
következtében a leggyakoribb panaszok között a visuscsökkenés, a homályos látás
és a pozitív scotomák szerepelnek. A diagnózis alkotásában az optikai koherencia
tomográfia (OCT), a mikroperimetria és a fluoreszcein angiográfia (FLAG) nyújt
segítséget. A szerzők egy 18 éves férfi esetét mutatják be, aki prolongált
napfény-expozíció után jelentkezett a Semmelweis Egyetem Szemészeti Klinikáján,
mindkét szemet érintő centralis scotoma miatt. Az OCT-felvételeken a retina
egyes rétegeiben folytonossághiányt és reflexiófokozódást figyeltünk meg, míg
mikroperimetriás vizsgálattal a laesióknak megfelelően érzékenységcsökkenés volt
tapasztalható. A féléves követés során a jobb retina folytonossághiánya
csökkent, míg a bal oldal teljes restitúciót mutatott. A mikroperimetriás lelet
az OCT-n látottakkal korrelált. A beteg szubjektív panasza a jobb szemén
minimálisra csökkent, mindennapi életét nem korlátozza, a bal szemére megszűnt.
A solaris retinopathiának jelenleg specifikus terápiája nincs. A panaszok és az
eltérések kedvező esetben 3–6 hónap alatt normalizálódnak, ez felhívja a
figyelmet a megfelelő tájékoztatás és a prevenció szerepére. Orv Hetil. 2020;
161(16): 632–636.
DOHaD (Barker-hipotézis): egy betegségorientált, korszakalkotó, brit eredetű teória, magyar gyökerekkel
Authors: Csaba György 
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:
A „developmental origin of health and disease” (DOHaD-) teória 1986-ban jelent
meg, összehasonlító epidemiológiai vizsgálatokkal bizonyítva a korai fejlődésben
megmutatkozó kóros eltérések (például alul- vagy túltápláltság, csecsemőkori
halálozás) statisztikai összefüggését felnőttkori nem kommunikábilis betegségek
(például ischaemiás szívbetegségek, hypertonia) megjelenésével – és azóta
széleskörűen elterjedt. A teória nagyon hasonló a hormonális imprinting
koncepciójához, mely 6 évvel korábban jelent meg, és állatkísérletek alapján
bizonyította a hormonszerű molekulákkal való perinatalis találkozás szerepét a
felnőttkori endokrin és endokrin szabályozás alatt álló kóros jelenségek
fellépésében. Ami mindkét teóriában azonos, az a perinatalis expozíció és a
felnőttkori jelenség (betegség) összefüggése – ez az epigenetikai programozás
zavarára utal. Barker a rendkívül fontos DOHaD-elmélet megalkotásakor már
ismerte a hormonális imprintinget, amelyet a DOHaD lehetséges okának minősített,
s ez bátoríthatta az elmélet kidolgozásakor. Barker szerint a DOHaD a nem
fertőző betegségekre vonatkozik, de figyelembe véve, hogy a hibás hormonális
imprinting az immunrendszer felnőttkori működését is alapvetően és életreszólóan
befolyásolja, lehetséges a fertőző betegségek, sőt az élettartam érintettsége
is. A perinatalis időszakon kívüli kritikus periódus még a pubertás, amikor
hibás átprogramozódás fordulhat elő, de bizonyos, folyamatosan differenciálódó
sejtrendszerekben (például az immunrendszerben) a hibás imprinting felnőttkorban
is létrejöhet. A két teória nem versenyez egymással, de eltérő módszereket
alkalmazva és azonos következtetésre jutva kiegészíti és támogatja egymást,
számos betegség epigenetikai magyarázatát (hibás átprogramozás) adva meg. A
DOHaD és előzménye, a hormonális imprinting tehát nemcsak teóriák, de
realitások, melyeket a diagnosztikában éppúgy, mint a terápiában ajánlatos
figyelembe venni. Végiggondolva az emberi alkotótevékenység tendenciáit, a DOHaD
(és a hibás imprinting) jelentősége a közeli és távoli jövőben várhatólag
növekedni fog. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(16): 603–609.