bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycoconjugated Metal Complexes as Cancer Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Bononi Giulia , Iacopini Dalila , Cicio Gaspare , Di Pietro Sebastiano , Granchi Carlotta , Di Bussolo Valeria , Minutolo Filippo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe possibility of selectively delivering metal complexes to a defined cohort of cells on the basis of their metabolic features is a highly challenging goal, which may be extremely useful for a series of purposes, including diagnosis and therapy of pathological states, such as cancer. Tumor cells display augmented requests for carbohydrates and, in particular, for glucose in order to sustain their high proliferation rate, which causes an increased glycolytic process (Warburg effect). Since several metal complexes display diagnostic and/or therapeutic properties, their conjugation to carbohydrate portions often induce their preferential accumulation in cancer cells, similarly to what is observed with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). In this review we have considered the latest developments of glycoconjugates containing metal complexes in their structures. These compounds are classified as diagnostic or therapeutic agents and are further systematically discussed on the basis of the metal atom they contain. Several diagnostic techniques are possible with these probes, since, depending on the metal species included in their structures, they may be employed in nuclear medicine (PET, SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging, luminescence and phosphorescence. At the same time, the lack of selective cytotoxicity displayed by several metal‐based chemotherapeutic agents, may also be solved by the conjugation of these agents to carbohydrate portions. Overall, data so far available reveal the great potential of this chemical class in the early detection and in the cure of severe neoplastic diseases, which still needs to be fully explored in the clinic.
For Most Frequencies, Strong Trapping Has a Weak Effect in Frequency‐Domain Scattering
Authors: Lafontaine David , Spence Euan A. , Wunsch Jared 
Published: July 2020

It is well‐known that when the geometry and/or coefficients allow stable trapped rays, the outgoing solution operator of the Helmholtz equation grows exponentially through a sequence of real frequencies tending to infinity.In this paper we show that, even in the presence of the strongest possible trapping, if a set of frequencies of arbitrarily small measure is excluded, the Helmholtz solution operator grows at most polynomially as the frequency tends to infinity.One significant application of this result is in the convergence analysis of several numerical methods for solving the Helmholtz equation at high frequency that are based on a polynomial‐growth assumption on the solution operator (e.g. hp‐finite elements, hp‐boundary elements, and certain multiscale methods). The result of this paper shows that this assumption holds, even in the presence of the strongest possible trapping, for most frequencies. © 2021 The Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Functionalization of Graphene Oxide with Porphyrins: Synthetic Routes and Biological Applications
Authors: Monteiro Ana R. , Neves M. Graça P. M. S. , Trindade Tito 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAmong the available carbon nanomaterials, graphene oxide (GO) has been widely studied because of the possibility of anchoring different chemical species for a large number of applications, including those requiring water‐compatible systems. This Review summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art of synthetic routes used to functionalize GO, such as those involving multiple covalent and non‐covalent bonds to organic molecules, functionalization with nanoparticles and doping. As a recent development in this field, special focus is given to the formation of nanocomposites comprising GO and porphyrins, and their characterization through spectroscopic techniques (such as UV‐Vis, fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy), among others. The potential of such hybrid systems in targeted biological applications is also discussed, namely for cancer therapies relying on photodynamic and photothermal therapies and for the inhibition of telomerase enzyme. Lastly, some promising alternative materials to GO are presented to overcome current challenges of GO‐based research and to inspire future research directions in this field.
A Time‐to‐Event Model Relating Integrated Craving to Risk of Smoking Relapse Across Different Nicotine Replacement Therapy Formulations
Authors: Germovsek Eva , Hansson Anna , Karlsson Mats O. , Westin Åke , Soons Paul A. , Vermeulen An , Kjellsson Maria C. 
Published: July 2020

Smoking increases the risk of cancer and other diseases, causing an estimated 7 million deaths per year. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) reduces craving for smoking, therefore, increasing an individual’s probability to remain abstinent. In this work, we for the first time quantitatively described the relationship between craving and smoking abstinence, using retrospectively collected data from 19 studies, including 3 NRT formulations (inhaler, mouth spray, and patch) and a combination of inhaler and patch. Smokers motivated to quit were included in the NRT or placebo arms. Integrated craving (i.e., craving over a period of time) was assessed with 4‐category, 5‐category, or 100‐mm visual analogue scale. The bounded integer model was used to assess latent craving from all scales. A time‐to‐event model linked predicted integrated craving to the hazard of smoking relapse. Available data included 9,323 adult subjects, observed for 3 weeks up to 2 years. At the study end, 9% (11% for NRT and 5% for placebo), on average, remained abstinent according to the protocol definition. A Gompertz–Makeham hazard best described the data, with a hazard of smoking relapse decreasing over time. Latent integrated craving was positively related to the hazard of smoking relapse, through a sigmoidal maximum effect function. For the same craving, being on NRT was found to reduce the hazard of relapse by an additional 30% compared with placebo. This work confirmed that low craving is associated with a high probability of remaining smoking abstinent and that NRT, in addition to reducing craving, increases the probability of remaining smoking abstinent.
Favorable Amorphous−Crystalline Iron Oxyhydroxide Phase Boundaries for Boosted Alkaline Water Oxidation
Authors: Qiu Yanling , Jia Qiang , Yan Shihai , Liu Bingping , Liu Jingquan , Ji Xuqiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInterface engineering has proven an effective strategy for designing high‐performance water‐oxidation catalysts. Interface construction combining the respective advantages of amorphous and crystalline phases, especially embedding amorphous phases in crystalline lattices, has been the focus of intensive research. This study concerns the construction of an amorphous−crystalline FeOOH phase boundary (a−c‐FeOOH) by structural evolution of iron oxyhydroxide‐isolated Fe(OH)3 precursors from one‐step hydrothermal synthesis. a−c‐FeOOH demonstrates superb electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with overpotential of 330 mV to drive a current density of 300 mA cm−2 in 1.0 m KOH, which is among the best OER catalysts and much better than the pristine amorphous or crystalline FeOOH alone. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the high‐density a−c phase boundaries play a critical role in determining high OER activity.
Sustainable Direct Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries via Solvent Recovery of Electrode Materials
Authors: Bai Yaocai , Muralidharan Nitin , Li Jianlin , Essehli Rachid , Belharouak Ilias 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeparation of electrode materials from their current collectors is an enabling step toward recovering critical materials from spent lithium‐ion batteries. In the presented research, a highly efficient, cost‐effective, and environmentally sustainable separation process was developed for that purpose. Ethylene glycol, a vital commodity chemical as an antifreeze and polymer precursor, is used to delaminate electrode materials at low temperatures in seconds without altering the crystalline structure and morphology of active electrode materials. The recovered current collectors were intact without any corrosion. The authors also found that the solvent could be continuously reused, leading to the development of a closed‐loop ecosystem and lithium‐ion battery circular economy. The ultrafast delamination was driven by the competitive inhibition of binding through the weakening of hydrogen bonding. The ethylene glycol‐based separation is a sustainable electrode recovery process that paves the way for battery recycling.
FPS‐MAC: Fuzzy priority scheduling‐based MAC protocol for intelligent monitoring systems
Authors: Kaur Tarunpreet , Kumar Dilip 
Published: July 2020

SummaryRecent advances in microelectronics have encouraged the implementation of a wireless sensor network (WSN) in intelligent monitoring systems (IMSs). The IMS for time‐critical applications requires timely and reliable data delivery without sacrificing the energy efficiency of the network. This paper proposes FPS‐MAC, a fuzzy priority scheduling‐based medium access control protocol, designed for event critical traffic in hierarchical WSN. The FPS‐MAC allows time‐critical event traffic to opportunistically steal the data slots allocated for periodic data traffic in event‐based situations. Additionally, a fuzzy logic‐based slot scheduling mechanism is introduced to provide guaranteed and timely medium access to emergency traffic load and ensures the quality‐of‐service (QoS) requirements of IMSs. Both analytical and simulation results for data throughput, energy consumption, and transmission delay of FPS‐MAC, TLHA, E‐BMA, and BMA‐RR have been analyzed to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed FPS‐MAC protocol.
Change in sediment features and the macroinvertebrate community within an estuarine ecosystem two years post‐restoration
Authors: Roberts E. M. , Stroshein S. D. , Bendell L. I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOur objective was to assess the response of an estuarine ecosystem to restoration efforts, two years post‐restoration. Sediment attributes of particle size distribution (PSD), %LOI, water content and amounts of fine wood debris (FWD), and the macroinvertebrate community were compared among three sites, two reference and the recently restored site. The restored region had been previously used as a log sorting facility. As indicated by PSD, the restored site showed signs of recovery. However, the macroinvertebrate community had still not responded to restoration efforts. Sediments of reference sites were comprised of fine sand, and the macroinvertebrate community was dominated byMacomaspp. By contrast, at the restored site, sediments were mainly comprised of silt followed by fine sand,Macomaspp. was absent, and the main macroinvertebrate wasGlycera americana, a polychaeta characteristic of disturbed regions. The restored site still contained significance amounts of FWD as compared to the two reference sites attributed to its previous use. Although still early in its recovery stage, active restoration did have a positive effect and will have likely kick started the region toward recovery and further follow‐up in five years is recommended.
Robust intrathymic development of regulatory T cells in young NOD mice is rapidly restrained by recirculating cells
Authors: Darrigues Julie , Santamaria Jeremy C. , Galindo‐Albarrán Ariel , Robey Ellen A. , Joffre Olivier P. , van Meerwijk Joost P.M. , Romagnoli Paola 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRegulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) play a vital role in the protection of the organism against autoimmune pathology. It is therefore paradoxical that comparatively large numbers of Treg were found in the thymus of type I diabetes‐prone NOD mice. The Treg population in the thymus is composed of newly developing cells and cells that had recirculated from the periphery back to the thymus. We here demonstrate that exceptionally large numbers of Treg develop in the thymus of young, but not adult, NOD mice. Once emigrated from the thymus, an unusually large proportion of these Treg is activated in the periphery, which causes a particularly abundant accumulation of recirculating Treg in the thymus. These cells then rapidly inhibit de novo development of Treg. The proportions of developing Treg thus reach levels similar to or lower than those found in most other, type 1 diabetes‐resistant, inbred mouse strains. Thus, in adult NOD mice the particularly large Treg‐niche is actually composed of mostly recirculating cells and only few newly developing Treg.
Individuals with back and neck pain on medical forums: What do they mention? What do they fear?
Authors: Mintz Igor , Weisman Asaf , Springer Shmuel , Gottlieb Uri 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe use of online medical forums is on the rise globally. Data scraping is a method of extracting website content using an automated computer program. We scraped users’ questions regarding back and neck pain (BNP) from popular Israeli online medical forums. We aimed to identify the sort of questions being asked about BNP, and to analyse explicit themes that characterize their questions.MethodsSix leading Israeli BNP forums were identified. In phase 1, Python scripts scraped 12,418 questions into a data set. In phase 2 – five themes were identified: Surgery (n = 2,957); health care professions (n = 2,361); Sports (n = 2,304); drugs (n = 1,419) and interpretation of imaging (n = 845). Phase 3 – included the categorization of explicit fear‐related words by the authors. Phase 4 – analysis of explicit fear‐related themes yielded 402 questions.ResultsGender was identified for 394 users, and age was identified for 181 users. A total of 248 users (61.6%) were women and 146 men (36.3%). Mean age 36.3 ± 16.15 for women and 35.5 ± 16.1 for men. The most commonly expressed fears were related to: invasive procedures, 30.9% (131 questions); fear of serious condition or misdiagnosis, 17.0% (72 questions); General concerns, 13.7% (58 questions); fear of worsening or relapse, 12.3% (52 questions); adverse effects of oral drugs or radiation, 10.8% (46 questions) and concerns related to lifestyle, 9.7% (41 questions).ConclusionsWeb scraping is a feasible strategy with which to explore medical forums and the above‐mentioned themes, all of which are of potential clinical significance.SignificanceUsing automated algorithms, a total of 12,369 questions from online back and neck medical forums were scraped and analysed. Secondary analysis categorized fear‐related themes that were mentioned by users. Identifying and addressing patients' fear has potential to improve communication and therapeutic outcome. For example, questions regarding surgery were typically asked after the option was mentioned by a physician. This insight should encourage physicians to devote extra time explaining the possible implications of surgery, should they consider it as an option.
Rapid Fibroblast Cell Culture Characterization with Impedimetric Label‐free Heat Shock Protein – 47 Biosensor
Authors: Harmanci Duygu , Onur Uygun Zihni , Koçak Sezgin Ayşe , Demirdöver Cenk , Girgin Sagin Ferhan , Akdoğan Gül 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, for the first time in literature, an impedimetric biosensor technology was developed to determine Heat Shock Protein‐47 (HSP‐47) for the characterization of primary skin fibroblast cells. Gold nanoparticle electrodes (GNPE) were modified with amino‐functionalized graphene oxide layers and anti‐HSP‐47 were immobilized on this layer. The performance of the biosensor was tested with real samples as cell lysates. The low detection limit (LOD) and the linear detection limit (LOQ) of the biosensor were calculated as 9.47 pg/mL and 3.23 pg/mL, respectively. Linear measurement range was obtained between 10–160 pg/mL HSP‐47. The reproducibility of the biosensor was good.
CD59‐deficient bone marrow erythroid cells from rats treated with procarbazine and propyl‐nitrosourea have mutations in thePig‐agene
Authors: Revollo Javier R. , Dad Azra , Pearce Mason G. , Mittelstaedt Roberta A. , Casildo Andrea , Lapidus Rena G. , Robison Timothy W. , Dobrovolsky Vasily N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProcarbazine (PCZ) andN‐propyl‐N‐nitrosourea (PNU) are rodent mutagens and carcinogens. Both induce GPI‐anchored marker‐deficient mutant‐phenotype red blood cells (RBCs) in the flow cytometry‐based rat RBCPig‐aassay. In the present study, we traced the origin of the RBC mutant phenotype by analyzingPig‐amutations in the precursors of RBCs, bone marrow erythroid cells (BMEs). Rats were exposed to a total of 450 mg/kg PCZ hydrochloride or 300 mg/kg PNU, and bone marrow was collected 2, 7, and 10 weeks later. Using a flow cell sorter, we isolated CD59‐deficient mutant‐phenotype BMEs from PCZ‐ and PNU‐treated rats and examined their endogenous X‐linkedPig‐agene by next generation sequencing.Pig‐amutations consistent with the properties of PCZ and PNU were found in sorted mutant‐phenotype BMEs. PCZ induced mainly A > T transversions with the mutated A on the nontranscribed strand of thePig‐agene, while PNU induced mainly T > A transversions with the mutated T on the nontranscribed strand. The treatment‐induced mutations were distributed across the protein coding sequence of thePig‐agene. The causal relationship between BMEs and RBCs and the agent‐specific mutational spectra in CD59‐deicient BMEs indicate that the rat RBCPig‐aassay, scoring CD59‐deficient mutant‐phenotype RBCs in peripheral blood, detectsPig‐agene mutation.
Coupling between infraslow activities and high‐frequency oscillations precedes seizure onset
Authors: Hashimoto Hiroaki , Khoo Hui Ming , Yanagisawa Takufumi , Tani Naoki , Oshino Satoru , Kishima Haruhiko , Hirata Masayuki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInfraslow activities and high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) are observed in seizure‐onset zones. However, the relation between them remains unclear. In this study, we investigated phase‐amplitude coupling between infraslow phase (0.016‐1 Hz) and HFOs' amplitude of focal impaired awareness seizures followed by focal to bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures, in a 28‐year‐old right‐handed man with a dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor. We recorded five habitual seizures. After the time of seizure onset, a significant increase in the power of HFOs was observed, and the power was significantly coupled with θ (4‐8 Hz) phase. In contrast, coupling of infraslow activities and HFOs surged a few minutes before the seizure‐onset time, and ictal HFOs discharged after that. Collectively, our results show that coupling of infraslow activities and HFOs precedes the seizure‐onset time. We infer that such coupling may be a potential biomarker for seizure prediction.
Influence of milk microbiota on Listeria monocytogenes survival during cheese ripening
Authors: Lee Jeeyeon , Seo Yeongeun , Ha Jimyeong , Kim Sejeong , Choi Yukyung , Oh Hyemin , Lee Yewon , Kim Yujin , Kang Joohyun , Park Eunyoung , Yoon Yohan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the three strains of Listeria monocytogenes survival in raw milk cheese and pasteurized milk cheese and to suggest the effect of milk microbiota on survival. L. monocytogenes cell counts decreased in all cheese as ripening time increased, and the survival rate was different for the strains of L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, L. monocytogenes survived longer in raw milk cheese than in pasteurized milk cheese. The difference of bacterial survival in each cheese was independent of Aw or the Lactobacillus spp. populations in cheeses; there was no difference in Aw or Lactobacillus spp. populations in all cheeses. The richness of microbiota in raw milk was little higher than in pasteurized milk, and five phyla (Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus–Thermus, Lentisphaerae, and Verrucomicrobia) were present only in raw milk. Also, organic acid‐producing bacteria were presented more in pasteurized milk compared with raw milk; thus, the growth of L. monocytogenes was slower in pasteurized milk. In conclusion, differences in the microbial community of milk can affect the growth of L. monocytogenes. Making cheese using raw milk is a risk of L. monocytogenes infection; thus, efforts to prevent growth of L. monocytogenes such as the use of appropriate food additives are required.
A versatile system to introduce clusters of genomic double‐strand breaks in large cell populations
Authors: Kolb Thorsten , Khalid Umar , Simović Milena , Ratnaparkhe Manasi , Wong John , Jauch Anna , Schmezer Peter , Rode Agata , Sebban Shulamit , Haag Daniel , Hergt Michaela , Devens Frauke , Buganim Yosef , Zapatka Marc , Lichter Peter , Ernst Aurélie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn vitro assays for clustered DNA lesions will facilitate the analysis of the mechanisms underlying complex genome rearrangements such as chromothripsis, including the recruitment of repair factors to sites of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs). We present a novel method generating localized DNA DSBs using UV irradiation with photomasks. The size of the damage foci and the spacing between lesions are fully adjustable, making the assay suitable for different cell types and targeted areas. We validated this setup with genomically stable epithelial cells, normal fibroblasts, pluripotent stem cells, and patient‐derived primary cultures. Our method does not require a specialized device such as a laser, making it accessible to a broad range of users. Sensitization by 5‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine incorporation is not required, which enables analyzing the DNA damage response in post‐mitotic cells. Irradiated cells can be cultivated further, followed by time‐lapse imaging or used for downstream biochemical analyses, thanks to the high throughput of the system. Importantly, we showed genome rearrangements in the irradiated cells, providing a proof of principle for the induction of structural variants by localized DNA lesions.
Examining saving habits and discriminating on the basis of demographic factors: A descriptive study of retail investors'
Authors: Prasad Swati , Kiran Ravi , Sharma Rakesh Kumar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper tries to investigate that is there any discrimination in saving habits based on various demographic factors. The study is based on primary data collected through a questionnaire on a Likert Scale of 1–5. Investor's savings habits have been classified as low, medium and high. The findings of the study show that there is significant discrimination in investors' savings habits based on demographic factors. The results of this study help financial institutions and bankers focus on these factors to develop successful strategies to promote saving and investment habits among retail investors.
A carrageenan/agarose composite sponge and its immunomodulatory activities toward RAW264.7
Authors: Huang Yongrui , Zhang Lejiao , Song Rijian , Mao Xuan , Tang Shunqing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA kind of commercial hybrid carrageenan (HC)/agarose composite sponge containing κ‐, μ‐, ι‐, and ν‐carrageenan, which could turn into hydrogel and release carrageenan at human body temperature was fabricated for immune stimulation and modulation. Release behavior demonstrated that the hybrid carrageenan contained sponge was mechanically stable and could release carrageenan constantly. RT‐PCR and ELISA experiments showed that the leaching liquor of the sponge could stimulate RAW264.7 from M0 state to a polarized state by secreting more anti‐inflammatory factor IL‐10 than pro‐inflammatory ones, such as, IL‐6 and TNF‐α. Transwell experiments also indicated that the leaching liquor could promote the proliferation of NIH‐3T3 by stimulating RAW264.7 of M0 state after 7 days. Results of particle size and intracellular concentration analyses suggested that the released carrageenan might enter into the cellular interior of RAW264.7 in the form of microgels or protein complexes. The sponge would be a promising candidate for skin wound dressing.