bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous renal replacement therapy in patients with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Guo Hebing , Liu Jingyuan , Pu Lin , Hao Jingjing , Yin Ningning , Liu Yufeng , Xiong Haofeng , Li Ang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a useful method and instrument in critically ill patients with fluid overload and metabolic disarray, especially in those who are unable to tolerate the intermittent hemodialysis. However, the epidemiology, influence factors of CRRT and mortality in patients with HIV/AIDS are still unclear in China. This study aims to study the HIV-infected patients admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and explore the influence factors correlated with CRRT and their prognosis.MethodsWe performed a retrospective case-control study in the ICU of the Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University. From June 1, 2005 to May 31, 2017, 225 cases were enrolled in this clinical study.Results122 (54.2%) patients were diagnosed with AKI during their stay in ICU, the number and percentage of AKI stage 1, 2 and 3 were 38 (31.1%), 21(17.2%) and 63(51.7%), respectively. 26.2% of AKI patients received CRRT during the stay of ICU. 56.25% CRRT patients died in ICU. The 28-day mortality was 62.5%, and the 90-day mortality was 75%. By univariate logistics analysis, it showed that higher likelihood of diagnosis for respiratory failure (OR = 7.333,95% CI 1.467–36.664,p = 0.015), higher likelihood of diagnosis for septic shock (OR = 1.005,95% CI 1.001–1.01,p = 0.018), and higher likelihood to use vasoactive agents (OR = 10.667,95% CI 1.743–65.271,p = 0.001), longer mechanical ventilation duration (OR = 1.011,95% CI 1.002–1.019,p = 0.011), higher likelihood for diagnosis for PCP (OR = 7.50,95% CI 1.288–43.687,p = 0.025), higher SOFA score at ICU admission (OR = 1.183,95% CI 1.012–1.383,p = 0.035), longer duration of CRRT (OR = 1.014,95% CI 1.001–1.028,p = 0.034) contributed to a higher mortality at ICU. The Cox Analysis for the cumulative survival of AKI 3 patients between the CRRT and non-CRRT groups shows no significant differences (p = 0.595).ConclusionsThere is a high incidence of AKI in HIV-infected patients admitted in our ICU. Patients with severe AKI were more prone to be admitted for CRRT and have a consequent poor prognosis.
Factors associated with 30-day and 1-year readmission among psychiatric inpatients in Beijing China: a retrospective, medical record-based analysis
Authors: Han Xueyan , Jiang Feng , Tang Yilang , Needleman Jack , Guo Moning , Chen Yin , Zhou Huixuan , Liu Yuanli 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsychiatric readmissions negatively impact patients and their families while increasing healthcare costs. This study aimed at investigating factors associated with psychiatric readmissions within 30 days and 1 year of the index admissions and exploring the possibilities of monitoring and improving psychiatric care quality in China.MethodsData on index admission, subsequent admission(s), clinical and hospital-related factors were extracted in the inpatient medical record database covering 10 secondary and tertiary psychiatric hospitals in Beijing, China. Logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between 30-day and 1-year readmissions plus frequent readmissions (≥3 times/year), and clinical variables as well as hospital characteristics.ResultsThe 30-day and 1-year psychiatric readmission rates were 16.69% (1289/7724) and 33.79% (2492/7374) respectively. 746/2492 patients (29.34%) were readmitted 3 times or more within a year (frequent readmissions). Factors significantly associated with the risk of both 30-day and 1-year readmission were residing in an urban area, having medical comorbidities, previous psychiatric admission(s), length of stay > 60 days in the index admission and being treated in tertiary hospitals (p < 0.001). Male patients were more likely to have frequent readmissions (OR 1.30, 95%CI 1.04–1.64). Receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was significantly associated with a lower risk of 30-day readmission (OR 0.72, 95%CI 0.56–0.91) and frequent readmissions (OR 0.60, 95%CI 0.40–0.91).ConclusionMore than 30% of the psychiatric inpatients were readmitted within 1 year. Urban residents, those with medical comorbidities and previous psychiatric admission(s) or a longer length of stay were more likely to be readmitted, and men are more likely to be frequently readmitted. ECT treatment may reduce the likelihood of 30-day readmission and frequent admissions. Targeted interventions should be designed and piloted to effectively monitor and reduce psychiatric readmissions.
Social networks and quality of life among female breast cancer patients at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2019
Authors: Aberaraw Rahel , Boka Abdisa , Teshome Roza , Yeshambel Addisu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is a major life-threatening global public health problem. It is the most common form of cancer in females in many developing countries including Ethiopia. Social networks could change the course of cancer and can influence the quality of life among breast cancer patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess social networks and quality of life among female breast cancer patients attending in Tikur Anbassa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2019.

Methods
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from March 1 to April 30/2019. A total of 214 female breast cancer patients were included Binary and multiple logistic regression was used to show the association of social networks and quality of life.

Result
A total of 214 females with breast cancer were recruited with a mean age of 41.85. Participants who had children (AOR = 5, 95%CL: 1.3,21 COR = 6), and other relatives (AOR = 6, 95%CI: 1.2,30, COR = 7), were more likely to have good social networks. Participants who were not married (AOR = 0.02, 95%CI: 0.03, 0.28), had no parents living (AOR = 0.1, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.4), no close friends (AOR = 0.06, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.4), and no neighbors (AOR = 0.09, 95%CI: 0.03, 0.5) had poor social networks.

Conclusion
The quality of life was relatively low and social support were found to be poor in women with breast cancer. Health-care providers in oncology departments need to focus on addressing the side effects of therapy and social networks which may help to improve the quality of life of females with breast cancer.
The effect of counseling with a skills training approach on maternal functioning: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Chamgurdani Fatemeh Karami , Barkin Jennifer L. , Esmaeilpour Khalil , Malakouti Jamileh , Buoli Massimiliano , Mirghafourvand Mojgan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe role of the mother can be deeply satisfying, but it is associated with many challenges including challenges during the postpartum period that may impede the optimal development of the infant. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of counseling using the Skills Training Approach (STA) on postpartum maternal functioning.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial was performed on 68 postpartum women who referred to health centers of Tabriz-Iran in 2019. Participants were assigned to one of two groups - either counseling or control through the block randomization method. The intervention group received four counseling sessions using the Skills Training Approach (STA). Before and two weeks after the completion of the intervention, the Barkin Index of Maternal Functionning (BIMF) was completed by the participants. The independent t-test and ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance) was used to analyze the data.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of sociodemographic characteristics and the baseline scores of the BIMF and its domains (p > 0.05). Before the intervention, the mean (SD) total score of the BIMF in the intervention group was 73.1 (8.5) and in the control group, it was 71.6 (4.8). Post-intervention, the mean (SD) of the total score of the BIMF in the intervention group was 95.8 (11.8) and in the control group, it was 70.3 (4.5). Based on the ANCOVA test and after adjusting the baseline score, the mean total score of the BIMF was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (Mean Difference (MD): 22.9; 95% CI: 18.2 to 27.6;p < 0.001). The post-intervention scores of all domains of the BIMF including self-care (MD: 3.8), infant care (MD: 2.0), mother-child interaction (MD: 4.8), psychological wellbeing (MD: 8.4), social support (MD: 4.0), management (MD: 6.8), and adjustment to new motherhood (MD: 3.2) were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.001).ConclusionIn this study, counseling, using STA, was effective in improving maternal functioning in all of the domains. This intervention, aimed at skill-building, should be strongly considered where improved postpartum functioning is the goal.Trial registrationIRCT20120718010324N49. Registered 18 January 2019.
Sexual and reproductive health of women living with HIV in Muslim-majority countries: a systematic mixed studies review
Authors: Juliastuti Dyah , Dean Judith , Fitzgerald Lisa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe number of women living with the human immunodeficiency virus (WLHIV) in Muslim-majority countries has increased significantly in the last decade. These women are often marginalized and face insecure sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs and rights. However, little is known about the multi-faceted factors influencing these women’s fertility, contraceptive, and perinatal decisions and sexual life. This systematic mixed studies review aimed to synthesize the empirical evidence on social, cultural, and structural factors influencing the SRH of WLHIV in Muslim-majority countries.MethodsThis review provides a synthesis of quantitative, qualitative and mixed-method research findings searched from PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL and Cochrane databases. We screened 3452 SRH studies involving WLHIV. The studies, published in English between 2008 and 2017, were from 20 Muslim-majority countries with increased numbers of WLHIV. The quality of eligible studies was appraised using a mixed-methods appraisal tool (MMAT) version 2011. Findings were thematically analysed by a hybrid deductive-inductive approach. Two independent reviewers were involved in the study selection, data extraction, quality appraisal, and data synthesis.ResultsWe included 13 SRH-related studies involving 1748 WLHIV in eight Muslim-majority countries. Most of these studies explored fertility desire and sexual health, while only a small proportion related to contraceptive use and the perinatal-care experience. We identified that WLHIV faced neglect of their SRH rights. These rights were predominantly affected by the socio-cultural, religious and health-services context of the women’s lives, which directed them to unsafe sex practices and stressful perinatal experiences.ConclusionsThis study points to the need for SRH laws, policies, and interventions which stop WLHIV experiencing SRH discrimination violence and achieving their SRH rights.
Use of the lignocellulose-degrading bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor bescii to assess recalcitrance and conversion of wild-type and transgenic poplar
Authors: Straub Christopher T. , Bing Ryan G. , Wang Jack P. , Chiang Vincent L. , Adams Michael W. W. , Kelly Robert M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass is significantly hindered by feedstock recalcitrance, which is typically assessed through an enzymatic digestion assay, often preceded by a thermal and/or chemical pretreatment. Here, we assay 17 lines of unpretreated transgenic black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) utilizing a lignocellulose-degrading, metabolically engineered bacterium, Caldicellulosiruptor bescii. The poplar lines were assessed by incubation with an engineered C. bescii strain that solubilized and converted the hexose and pentose carbohydrates to ethanol and acetate. The resulting fermentation titer and biomass solubilization were then utilized as a measure of biomass recalcitrance and compared to data previously reported on the transgenic poplar samples.

Results
Of the 17 transgenic poplar lines examined with C. bescii, a wide variation in solubilization and fermentation titer was observed. While the wild type poplar control demonstrated relatively high recalcitrance with a total solubilization of only 20% and a fermentation titer of 7.3 mM, the transgenic lines resulted in solubilization ranging from 15 to 79% and fermentation titers from 6.8 to 29.6 mM. Additionally, a strong inverse correlation (R2 = 0.8) between conversion efficiency and lignin content was observed with lower lignin samples more easily converted and solubilized by C. bescii.

Conclusions
Feedstock recalcitrance can be significantly reduced with transgenic plants, but finding the correct modification may require a large sample set to identify the most advantageous genetic modifications for the feedstock. Utilizing C. bescii as a screening assay for recalcitrance, poplar lines with down-regulation of coumarate 3-hydroxylase 3 (C3H3) resulted in the highest degrees of solubilization and conversion by C. bescii. One such line, with a growth phenotype similar to the wild-type, generated more than three times the fermentation products of the wild-type poplar control, suggesting that excellent digestibility can be achieved without compromising fitness of the tree.
Understanding the structural characteristics of water-soluble phenolic compounds from four pretreatments of corn stover and their inhibitory effects on enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation
Authors: Chen Xiangxue , Zhai Rui , Li Ying , Yuan Xinchuan , Liu Zhi-Hua , Jin Mingjie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
For bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass, phenolics derived from pretreatment have been generally considered as highly inhibitory towards enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. As phenolics are produced from lignin degradation during pretreatment, it is likely that the pretreatment will exert a strong impact on the structure of phenolics, resulting in varied levels of inhibition of the bioconversion process. Despite the extensive studies on pretreatment, it remains unclear how pretreatment process affects the properties of generated phenolics and how the inhibitory effect of phenolics from different pretreatment varies on enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation.

Results
In this study, the structural properties of phenolic compounds derived from four typical pretreatment [dilute acid (DA), liquid hot water pretreatment (LHW), ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) and alkaline pretreatment (AL)] were characterized, and their effect on both enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation were evaluated. The inhibitory effect of phenolics on enzymatic hydrolysis followed the order: AFEX > LHW > DA > AL, while the inhibitory effect of phenolics on Zymomonas mobilis 8b strain fermentation followed the order: AL > LHW > DA > AFEX. Interestingly, this study revealed that phenolics derived from AFEX showed more severe inhibitory effect on enzymatic hydrolysis than those from the other pretreatments at the same phenolics concentrations (note: AFEX produced much less amount of phenolics compared to AL and DA), while they exhibited the lowest inhibitory effect on fermentation. The composition of phenolics from different pretreatments was analyzed and model phenolics were applied to explore the reason for this difference. The results suggested that the amide group in phenolics might account for this difference.

Conclusions
Pretreatment process greatly affects the properties of generated phenolics and the inhibitory effects of phenolics on enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. This study provides new insight for further pretreatment modification and hydrolysate detoxification to minimize phenolics-caused inhibition and enhance the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation.
Barriers and facilitators to implementing priority inpatient initiatives in the safety net setting
Authors: Crable Erika L. , Biancarelli Dea , Walkey Allan J. , Drainoni Mari-Lynn 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Safety net hospitals, which serve vulnerable and underserved populations and often operate on smaller budgets than non-safety net hospitals, may experience unique implementation challenges. We sought to describe common barriers and facilitators that affect the implementation of improvement initiatives in a safety net hospital, and identify potentially transferable lessons to enhance implementation efforts in similar settings.

Methods
We interviewed leaders within five inpatient departments and asked them to identify the priority inpatient improvement initiative from the last year. We then conducted individual, semi-structured interviews with 25 stakeholders across the five settings. Interviewees included individuals serving in implementation oversight, champion, and frontline implementer roles. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research informed the discussion guide and a priori codes for directed content analysis.

Results
Despite pursuing diverse initiatives in different clinical departments, safety net hospital improvement stakeholders described common barriers and facilitators related to inner and outer setting dynamics, characteristics of individuals involved, and implementation processes. Implementation barriers included (1) limited staffing resources, (2) organizational recognition without financial investment, and (3) the use of implementation strategies that did not adequately address patients’ biopsychosocial complexities. Facilitators included (1) implementation approaches that combined passive and active communication styles, (2) knowledge of patient needs and competitive pressure to perform well against non-SNHs, (3) stakeholders’ personal commitment to reduce health inequities, and (4) the use of multidisciplinary task forces to drive implementation activities.

Conclusion
Inner and outer setting dynamics, individual’s characteristics, and process factors served as implementation barriers and facilitators within the safety net. Future work should seek to leverage findings from this study toward efforts to enact positive change within safety net hospitals.
Optimizing spatial distribution to minimize the inline directivity for a marine air-gun source
Authors: Shen Honglei , Tao Chunhui , Elboth Thomas , Wang Hanchuang , Zhou Jianping , Qiu Lei , Liu Yunlong , Chen Jiachun , Jin Xiaobing 
Published: March 2020

The spatial distribution of an air-gun array and the ghost reflection from the air-water interface cause a directional pattern of the source signature and introduce notches at certain frequencies. This significantly limits the bandwidth of the seismic data and the ability to obtain high-resolution subsurface imaging. With mathematical derivation and numerical simulation, we have determined that the inline directivity relies on the number of air guns and their spacing. Furthermore, the effective width of the take-off angles for an air-gun array is highly correlated with the reciprocal of the distance variance along the inline direction, which is subsequently used for optimizing the source design. For a normal horizontal source, one could adjust the distance between two consecutive air guns to improve the source signature. We optimize the spatial distribution for air guns along the inline and depth directions, that is, by using the synchronized multidepth stimulation mode, to minimize the inline directivity. Simulated results show that a six-gun composed multidepth source could be designed to achieve nearly identical energy distribution with up to ±30° take-off angle for the high-frequency end up to 250 Hz. This represents a significant improvement compared to a normal horizontal source and is more suitable for high-resolution seismic acquisition.
Community perceptions of barriers to management of chronic psychotic disorders and knowledge and attitudes about long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication: qualitative study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Blixen Carol , Lema Isaac , Mbwambo Jessie , Kaaya Sylvia , Levin Jennifer B. , Sajatovic Martha 
Published: March 2020

Background
Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) experience a disproportionate burden from chronic psychotic disorders (CPDs), which are the most disabling conditions among people aged 10–24 in Sub-Saharan Africa. Poor medication adherence is seen in approximately half of individuals with CPDs in Sub-Saharan Africa, and is a major driver of relapse. A CPD treatment approach that combines the use of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic medications with a brief and practical customised adherence-enhancement behavioural intervention (CAE-L) was recently developed and tested for use in the USA.

Aims
To use a qualitative cross-sectional analysis to gather information on potentially modifiable barriers to management of CPDs, and assess attitudes about LAIs from community participants in Tanzania. Findings were intended to refine the CAE-L curriculum for use in Tanzania.

Method
In-depth interviews and focus groups were conducted with 44 participants (patients with CPD, caregivers, mental healthcare providers). All interviews and focus groups were audiotaped, translated, transcribed and analysed using content analysis, with an emphasis on dominant themes.

Results
Findings indicated that promoting medication adherence and management of CPDs in the Tanzanian setting needs to consider the individual with CPD, the family, the healthcare setting and the broader community context.

Conclusions
Qualitative findings enabled the study team to better understand the real-time barriers to medication adherence, LAI use and management of CPDs more broadly. Refinement of the CAE-L is expected to pave the way for an intervention trial for individuals with CPDs that is culturally and linguistically appropriate to the Tanzanian setting.