bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interface conformal anomalies
Authors: Herzog Christopher P. , Huang Kuo-Wei , Vassilevich Dmitri V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We consider two d ≥ 2 conformal field theories (CFTs) glued together along a codimension one conformal interface. The conformal anomaly of such a system contains both bulk and interface contributions. In a curved-space setup, we compute the heat kernel coefficients and interface central charges in free theories. The results are consistent with the known boundary CFT data via the folding trick. In d = 4, two interface invariants generally allowed as anomalies turn out to have vanishing interface charges. These missing invariants are constructed from components with odd parity with respect to flipping the orientation of the defect. We conjecture that all invariants constructed from components with odd parity may have vanishing coefficient for symmetric interfaces, even in the case of interacting interface CFT.
Vanishing viscosity limit for the compressible Navier–Stokes system via measure-valued solutions
Authors: Basarić Danica 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe identify a class of measure-valued solutions of the barotropic Euler system on a general (unbounded) spatial domain as a vanishing viscosity limit for the compressible Navier–Stokes system. Then we establish the weak (measure-valued)–strong uniqueness principle, and, as a corollary, we obtain strong convergence to the Euler system on the lifespan of the strong solution.
Presumption of guilt for T cells in type 1 diabetes: lead culprits or partners in crime depending on age of onset?
Authors: Carré Alexia , Richardson Sarah J. , Larger Etienne , Mallone Roberto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAvailable evidence provides arguments both for and against a primary pathogenic role for T cells in human type 1 diabetes. Genetic susceptibility linked to HLA Class II lends strong support. Histopathology documents HLA Class I hyperexpression and islet infiltrates dominated by CD8+T cells. While both hallmarks are near absent in autoantibody-positive donors, the variable insulitis and residual beta cells of recent-onset donors suggests the existence of a younger-onset endotype with more aggressive autoimmunity and an older-onset endotype with more vulnerable beta cells. Functional arguments from ex vivo and in vitro human studies and in vivo ‘humanised’ mouse models are instead neutral or against a T cell role. Clinical support is provided by the appearance of islet autoantibodies before disease onset. The faster C-peptide loss and superior benefits of immunotherapies in individuals with younger-onset type 1 diabetes reinforce the view of age-related endotypes. Clarifying the relative role of T cells will require technical advances in the identification of their target antigens, in their detection and phenotyping in the blood and pancreas, and in the study of the T cell/beta cell crosstalk. Critical steps toward this goal include the understanding of the link with environmental triggers, the description of T cell changes along the natural history of disease, and their relationship with age and the ‘benign’ islet autoimmunity of healthy individuals.
Association of cardiac autonomic dysfunction with higher levels of plasma lipid metabolites in recent-onset type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ziegler Dan , Strom Alexander , Straßburger Klaus , Knebel Birgit , Bönhof Gidon J. , Kotzka Jörg , Szendroedi Julia , Roden Michael ,   for the German Diabetes Study group
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Emerging evidence suggests that in addition to hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia could represent a contributing pathogenetic factor to diabetic neuropathy, while obesity and insulin resistance play a role in the development of diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) characterised by reduced heart rate variability (HRV), particularly in type 2 diabetes. We hypothesised that distinct lipid metabolites are associated with diminished HRV in recent-onset type 2 diabetes rather than type 1 diabetes.

Methods
We analysed 127 plasma lipid metabolites (11 acylcarnitines, 39 NEFA, 12 sphingomyelins (SMs), 56 phosphatidylcholines and nine lysophosphatidylcholines) using MS in participants from the German Diabetes Study baseline cohort recently diagnosed with type 1 (n = 100) and type 2 diabetes (n = 206). Four time-domain HRV indices (number of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals >50 ms divided by the number of all NN intervals [pNN50]; root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD]; SD of NN intervals [SDNN]; and SD of differences between adjacent NN intervals) and three frequency-domain HRV indices (very-low-frequency [VLF], low-frequency [LF] and high-frequency [HF] power spectrum) were computed from NN intervals recorded during a 3 h hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp at baseline and in subsets of participants with type 1 (n = 60) and type 2 diabetes (n = 95) after 5 years.

Results
In participants with type 2 diabetes, after Bonferroni correction and rigorous adjustment, SDNN was inversely associated with higher levels of diacyl-phosphatidylcholine (PCaa) C32:0, PCaa C34:1, acyl-alkyl-phosphatidylcholine (PCae) C36:0, SM C16:0 and SM C16:1. SD of differences between NN intervals was inversely associated with PCaa C32:0, PCaa C34:1, PCaa C34:2, PCae C36:0 and SM C16:1, and RMSSD with PCae C36:0. For VLF power, inverse associations were found with PCaa C30:0, PCaa C32:0, PCaa C32:1, PCaa C34:2 and SM C16:1, and for LF power inverse associations were found with PCaa C32:0 and SM C16:1 (r = −0.242 to r = −0.349; p ≤ 0.0005 for all correlations). In contrast, no associations of lipid metabolites with measures of cardiac autonomic function were noted in participants recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. After 5 years, HRV declined due to ageing rather than diabetes, whereby prediction analyses for lipid metabolites were hampered.

Conclusions/interpretation
Higher plasma levels of specific lipid metabolites are closely linked to cardiac autonomic dysfunction in recent-onset type 2 diabetes but not type 1 diabetes, suggesting a role for perturbed lipid metabolism in the early development of CAN in type 2 diabetes.
Can a better informed listener be easier to persuade?
Authors: Bizzotto Jacopo , Vigier Adrien 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study the impact of exogenous news on the classic Bayesian persuasion problem. The sender supplies information over multiple periods, but is unable to commit at the onset to the information that she will supply in periods ahead. A tension then emerges between the sender and her future self. We show that by resolving this tension, more informative news can make the sender better off.
The biologically functional identification of a novel TIM3-binding peptide P26 in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhong Tangwu , Zhao Chuanke , Wang Shuntao , Tao Deshuang , Ma Shuxia , Shou Chengchao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Recent studies have shown that TIM3 plays an important role in T-cell failure, which is closely related to the resistance to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) treatment. However, there have been no reports on the application of peptide blockers to TIM3. In this study, we endeavored to identify the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activities of a TIM3-targeting peptide screened from the phage peptide library.

Methods
Phage display peptide library technology, surface plasmon resonance, flow cytometry, and mixed lymphocyte reaction were utilized to screen and demonstrate the bioactivities of P26, a TIM3-targeting peptide. Meanwhile, tumor growth assay was performed to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of P26.

Results
In terms of affinity, we demonstrated that P26 specifically binds to TIM3 at the cellular and molecular levels, which therefore blocks the interaction between TIM3 and Galectin-9 (Gal-9) and competes with Gal-9 to bind TIM3. Additionally, P26 significantly increases T-cell activity and elevates IFN-γ and IL-2 levels in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, P26 also counteracts Gal-9-mediated T-cell suppression. More importantly, P26 can inhibit growth of MC38-hPD-L1 tumor in mice.

Conclusions
P26, as a novel TIM3-binding peptide, has the ideal bioactivity connecting to TIM3 and the potential prospect of application in immunotherapy as an alternative or adjuvant to existing agents.
Relationship between salt consumption and iodine intake in a pediatric population
Authors: Iacone Roberto , Iaccarino Idelson Paola , Campanozzi Angelo , Rutigliano Irene , Russo Ornella , Formisano Pietro , Galeone Daniela , Macchia Paolo Emidio , Strazzullo Pasquale ,   The MINISAL-GIRCSI Study Group
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The World Health Organization recommends reduction of salt intake to < 5 g/day and the use of iodized salt to prevent iodine deficiency states. A high prevalence of excess salt consumption and an inadequate iodine intake has been previously shown in an Italian pediatric population. It was appropriate, therefore, to analyse in the same population the relationship occurring between salt consumption and iodine intake.

Methods
The study population was made of 1270 children and adolescents. Estimates of salt consumption and iodine intake were obtained by measuring 24 h urinary sodium and iodine excretion.

Results
The iodine intake increased gradually across quartiles of salt consumption independently of sex, age and body weight (p < 0.001). Median iodine intake met the European Food Safety Authority adequacy level only in teenagers in the highest quartile of salt consumption (salt intake > 10.2 g/day). We estimated that approximately 65–73% of the total iodine intake was derived from food and 27–35% from iodized salt and that iodized salt made actually only 20% of the total salt intake.

Conclusion
In this pediatric population, in face of an elevated average salt consumption, the use of iodized salt was still insufficient to ensure an adequate iodine intake, in particular among teenagers. In the perspective of a progressive reduction of total salt intake, the health institutions should continue to support iodoprophylaxis, in the context of the national strategies for salt reduction. In order for these policies to be successful, in addition to educational campaigns, it is needed that the prescriptions contained in the current legislation on iodoprophylaxis are made compelling through specific enforcement measures for all the involved stakeholders.
Intraoral ultrasonography in the assessment of DOI in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: a comparison with magnetic resonance and histopathology
Authors: Filauro Marta , Missale Francesco , Marchi Filippo , Iandelli Andrea , Carobbio Andrea Luigi Camillo , Mazzola Francesco , Parrinello Giampiero , Barabino Emanuele , Cittadini Giuseppe , Farina Davide , Piazza Cesare , Peretti Giorgio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective
The first-line therapeutic approach for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is complete surgical resection. Preoperative assessment of depth of invasion (cDOI) is crucial to plan the surgery. Magnetic resonance (MR) and intraoral ultrasonography (IOUS) have been shown to be useful tools for assessment of DOI. The present analysis investigates the accuracy of MR and IOUS in evaluating DOI in OCSCC compared to histological evaluation (pDOI).

Materials and methods
Forty-nine previously untreated patients with cT1-T3 OCSCC were reviewed. Nine patients were staged with MR alone, 10 with IOUS alone, and 30 with both MR and IOUS.

Results
Mean difference between cDOIMR and pDOI values of 0.2 mm (95% CI − 1.0–1.3 mm) and between cDOIIOUS and pDOI of 0.3 mm (95% CI − 1.0–1.6 mm). Spearman R between cDOIMR and pDOI was R = 0.83 and between cDOIIOUS and pDOI was R = 0.76. Both radiological techniques showed high performance for the correct identification, with the optimum cut-off of 5 mm, of patients with a pDOI ≥ 4 mm and amenable to a neck dissection, with an AUC of 0.92 and 0.82 for MR and IOUS, respectively.

Conclusion
Both examinations were valid approaches for preoperative determination of DOI in OCSCC, although with different cost-effectiveness profiles and indications.
The Power of Cut-Based Parameters for Computing Edge-Disjoint Paths
Authors: Ganian Robert , Ordyniak Sebastian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper revisits the classical edge-disjoint paths (EDP) problem, where one is given an undirected graph G and a set of terminal pairs P and asks whether G contains a set of pairwise edge-disjoint paths connecting every terminal pair in P. Our aim is to identify structural properties (parameters) of graphs which allow the efficient solution of EDP without restricting the placement of terminals in P in any way. In this setting, EDP is known to remain NP-hard even on extremely restricted graph classes, such as graphs with a vertex cover of size 3. We present three results which use edge-separator based parameters to chart new islands of tractability in the complexity landscape of EDP. Our first and main result utilizes the fairly recent structural parameter tree-cut width (a parameter with fundamental ties to graph immersions and graph cuts): we obtain a polynomial-time algorithm for EDP on every graph class of bounded tree-cut width. Our second result shows that EDP parameterized by tree-cut width is unlikely to be fixed-parameter tractable. Our final, third result is a polynomial kernel for EDP parameterized by the size of a minimum feedback edge set in the graph.
Thromboprophylaxis in congenital nephrotic syndrome: 15-year experience from a national cohort
Authors: Dobbie Laurence J. , Lamb Angela , Eskell Lucy , Ramage Ian J. , Reynolds Ben C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is an ultra-rare disease associated with a pro-thrombotic state and venous thromboembolisms (VTE). There is very limited evidence evaluating thromboprophylaxis in patients with CNS. This study aimed to determine the doses and duration of treatment required to achieve adequate thromboprophylaxis in patients with CNS.

Methods
From 2005 to 2018 children in Scotland with a confirmed genetic or histological diagnosis of CNS were included if commenced on thromboprophylaxis. The primary study endpoint was stable drug monitoring. Secondary outcomes included VTE or significant haemorrhage.

Results
Eight patients were included; all initially were commenced on low-molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin). Four patients maintained therapeutic anti-Factor Xa levels (time 3–26 weeks, dose 3.2–5.07 mg/kg/day), and one patient developed a thrombosis (Anti-Factor Xa: 0.27 IU/ml). Four patients were subsequently treated with warfarin. Two patients maintained therapeutic INRs (time 6–11 weeks, dose 0.22–0.25 mg/kg/day), and one patient had two bleeding events (Bleed 1: INR 6, Bleed 2: INR 5.5).

Conclusions
Achieving thromboprophylaxis in CNS is challenging. Similar numbers of patients achieved stable anticoagulation on warfarin and enoxaparin. Enoxaparin dosing was nearly double the recommended starting doses for secondary thromboprophylaxis. Bleeding events were all associated with supra-therapeutic anticoagulation.
Biopsy-proven Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis: a single center experience
Authors: Kurt-Şükür Eda Didem , Sekar Thivya , Tullus Kjell 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Knowledge on normal progress and treatment of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is limited. This study reviews outcome, clinical, pathological, and therapeutic factors affecting the prognosis of HSPN patients.

Methods
Forty-nine children with biopsy-confirmed HSPN diagnosed between September 2008 and 2018 were included. Demographics, clinical and laboratory data, treatment, and outcome were recorded at the time of biopsy, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months and at last visit. Clinical outcome was graded according to Meadow’s criteria.

Results
The median age at time of biopsy was 10.1 years (IQR:5.7) and female/male ratio 24/25. At presentation, 40.8% of patients had nonnephrotic proteinuria, 18.4% nephrotic syndrome (NS), 4.1% nephritic syndrome (NephrS), and 36.7% NephrS+NS. There were 11 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate below 90 ml/min/1.73 m2. Biopsy specimens were classified according to International Study of Kidney Diseases in Children (ISKDC) and Oxford Classification MEST-C scoring systems. Forty-one patients received angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, 37 patients steroids, and 35 patients other immunosuppressive medications. At last visit, 24 patients had stage 1 chronic kidney disease (CKD), three stage 2 CKD, and two had stage 5 CKD. Neither clinical parameters nor ISKDC biopsy grade or treatment modalities effected the final outcome. The Oxford classification showed significantly increased segmental glomerulosclerosis in patients with unfavorable outcome. Favorable outcome was associated with shorter time from kidney involvement to biopsy and start of treatment.

Conclusion
A large proportion of patients continued to show signs of CKD at last follow-up while only a small proportion developed stage 5 CKD.
Long-term impact of olfactory dysfunction on daily life
Authors: Auinger Alice B. , Besser Gerold , Liu David T. , Renner Bertold , Mueller Christian A. 
Published: October 2020

Summary
Background
Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is common in the general population, affects the quality of life (QoL), and is suspected to cause depression. Long-term outcome data are lacking and there is a need to improve patient counselling regarding prognosis. We aimed to assess subjective long-term recovery rates, the QoL, and mood disturbance in a group of 65 patients, who were affected with OD.

Methods
Out of 325 patients treated for OD between 2003 and 2009  at a smell and taste clinic, 65 patients were included for a follow-up after an average of 8.6 years. A total of 28 patients answered questionnaires only and 37 patients were provided with an additional smell identification test. Among others, questionnaires included a short form of the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Beck’s depression inventory.

Results
In the long run, subjective improvement was stated in 33.8% of all patients, with the highest rate of 42.3% in patients with postinfectious OD. The subjective rating of olfactory function on a visual analogue scale was significantly higher at study follow-up compared to first clinical contact (median 1.25 vs. 4.5; U = 469.5, p = 0.001), as were mean identification scores (6.0 ± 3.0 vs. 8.0 ± 4.0, t(18) = 2.51, p = 0.021). The QoL in general was considered reduced in 40% of all patients at follow-up. Furthermore, participants exhibited only minor, if any, depressive symptoms.

Conclusion
Despite negative effects of OD on certain activities in daily life, such as cooking, detecting spoiled food, or personal hygiene, it seems that the patients included in this study adapted to the OD in the long-term. The current findings should aid clinicians in patient counselling.
The histological representativeness of glioblastoma tissue samples
Authors: Mikkelsen Vilde Elisabeth , Solheim Ole , Salvesen Øyvind , Torp Sverre Helge 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are known for having a vastly heterogenous histopathology. Several studies have shown that GBMs can be histologically undergraded due to sampling errors of small tissue samples. We sought to explore to what extent histological features in GBMs are dependent on the amount of viable tissue on routine slides from both biopsied and resected tumors.

Methods
In 106 newly diagnosed GBM patients, we investigated associations between the presence or degree of 24 histopathological and two immunohistochemical features and the tissue amount on hematoxylin-eosin (HE) slides. The amount of viable tissue was semiquantitatively categorized as “sparse,” “medium,” or “substantial” for each case. Tissue amount was also assessed for associations with MRI volumetrics and the type of surgical procedure.

Results
About half (46%) of the assessed histological and immunohistochemical features were significantly associated with tissue amount. The significant features were less present or of a lesser degree when the tissue amount was smaller. Among the significant features were most of the features relevant for diffuse astrocytic tumor grading, i.e., small necroses, palisades, microvascular proliferation, atypia, mitotic count, and Ki-67/MIB-1 proliferative index (PI).

Conclusion
A substantial proportion of the assessed histological features were at risk of being underrepresented when the amount of viable tissue on HE slides was limited. Most of the grading features were dependent on tissue amount, which underlines the importance of considering sampling errors in diffuse astrocytic tumor grading. Our findings also highlight the importance of adequate tissue collection to increase the quality of diagnostics and histological research.
Exploring sensorimotor performance and user experience within a virtual reality golf putting simulator
Authors: Harris David J. , Buckingham Gavin , Wilson Mark R. , Brookes Jack , Mushtaq Faisal , Mon-Williams Mark , Vine Samuel J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn light of recent advances in technology, there has been growing interest in virtual reality (VR) simulations for training purposes in a range of high-performance environments, from sport to nuclear decommissioning. For a VR simulation to elicit effective transfer of training to the real-world, it must provide a sufficient level of validity, that is, it must be representative of the real-world skill. In order to develop the most effective simulations, assessments of validity should be carried out prior to implementing simulations in training. The aim of this work was to test elements of the physical fidelity, psychological fidelity and construct validity of a VR golf putting simulation. Self-report measures of task load and presence in the simulation were taken following real and simulated golf putting to assess psychological and physical fidelity. The performance of novice and expert golfers in the simulation was also compared as an initial test of construct validity. Participants reported a high degree of presence in the simulation, and there was little difference between real and virtual putting in terms of task demands. Experts performed significantly better in the simulation than novices (p = .001, d = 1.23), and there was a significant relationship between performance on the real and virtual tasks (r = .46, p = .004). The results indicated that the simulation exhibited an acceptable degree of construct validity and psychological fidelity. However, some differences between the real and virtual tasks emerged, suggesting further validation work is required.