bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency and magnitude variability of Yalu River flooding: numerical analyses for the last 1000 years
Authors: Sheng Hui , Xu Xiaomei , Gao Jian Hua , Kettner Albert J. , Shi Yong , Xue Chengfeng , Wang Ya Ping , Gao Shu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Accurate determination of past flooding characteristics is necessary to effectively predict the future flood disaster risk and dominant controls. However, understanding the effects of environmental forcing on past flooding frequency and magnitude is difficult owing to the deficiency of observations (data available for less than 10 % of the world's rivers) and extremely short measurement time series (<100 years). In this study, a numerical model, HYDROTREND, which generates synthetic time series of daily water discharge at a river outlet, was applied to the Yalu River to (1) reconstruct annual peak discharges over the past 1000 years and estimate flood annual exceedance probabilities and (2) identify and quantify the impacts of climate change and human activity (runoff yield induced by deforestation and dam retention) on the flooding frequency and magnitude. Climate data obtained from meteorological stations and ECHO-G climate model output, morphological characteristics (hypsometry, drainage area, river length, slope, and lapse rate), and hydrological properties (groundwater properties, canopy interception effects, cascade reservoir retention effect, and saturated hydraulic conductivity) form significant reliable model inputs. Monitored for decades, some proxies on ancient floods allow for accurate calibration and validation of numerical modeling. Simulations match well the present-day monitored data (1958–2012) and the
literature records of historical flood events (1000–1958). They indicate
that flood frequencies of the Yalu River increased during 1000–1940, followed by a decrease until the present day. Frequency trends were strongly
modulated by climate variability, particularly by the intensity and
frequency of rainfall events. The magnitudes of larger floods, events with a
return period of 50 to 100 years, increased by 19.1 % and 13.9 %,
respectively, due to climate variability over the last millennium.
Anthropogenic processes were found to either enhance or reduce flooding,
depending on the type of human activities. Deforestation increased the
magnitude of larger floods (100- and 50-year floods) by 19.2 %–20.3 %, but the construction of cascade reservoirs in 1940 significantly reduced their magnitude by 36.7 % to 41.7 %. We conclude that under intensified
climate change and human activities in the future, effective river
engineering should be considered, particularly for small- and medium-sized
mountainous river systems, which are at a higher risk of flood disasters
owing to their relatively poor hydrological regulation capacity.
Development and test of a highly sensitive and selective hydrogen sensor system
Authors: Sood Pramit , Zosel Jens , Mertig Michael , Oelßner Wolfram , Herrmann Olaf , Woratz Michael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. A miniaturized field-applicable sensor system was developed for the measurement of hydrogen (H2) in air in the concentration range 0.2–200 ppmv. The sensor system is based on the application of an yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) solid electrolyte cell (SEC) as a coulometric detector with gas chromatographic (GC) pre-separation. The main system components for injection, chromatographic separation, and the oxygen pumping cell were significantly miniaturized and tested separately to characterize important measurement properties like selectivity, lower limit of detection, repeatability, and signal-to-noise ratio. Measurements were conducted under varying GC parameters and detector operating conditions. While changing the detector temperature influences the hydrogen peak significantly due to diffusion processes at the electrode–electrolyte interface; different oxygen-partial pressures at the measuring electrode have no visible effect. The combination of two packed columns with 1 m length, one filled with a molecular sieve (13X) and the other one with silica gel, enabled highly reproducible and selective H2 measurements with more than 90 % analyte turnover compared to Faraday's law. The resulting insights were used to define appropriate system parameters, construction guidelines, and material properties for the final test prototype.
Absolution Without God: Pipe Dreams, Tragedy, and Kierkegaardian Selves in The Iceman Cometh
Authors: Palmer David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Both Eugene O'Neill and Søren Kierkegaard identify the same source of tragedy inherent in the human condition: anxiety that arises in people as they evaluate the stories they tell themselves about who they are. O'Neill presents four visions of tragedy in The Iceman Cometh, each involving a crisis of the self. All four are understood more clearly by considering Kierkegaard's ideas about anxiety and despair. The residents of Harry Hope's display tragedy as denial and diversion; Hickey, tragedy as a loss of self; Larry Slade, tragedy as a confrontation with one's own phoniness; and Parritt, an anguished passage through tragedy to absolution, a movement similar to Kierkegaard's teleological suspension of the ethical. Slade is the first of a series of characters O'Neill uses to explore confrontations with phoniness in his later plays. The relationship of tragedy to the teleological suspension of the ethical is explored by American dramatists following O'Neill.
Estilos de vida saludables y su asociación con factores personales en estudiantes universitarios UNAN–Managua 2017
Authors: Espinoza Lara Marta Lorena , Vanegas López Jairo 
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Determinar si existe asociación entre los estilos de vida y factores personales en los estudiantes universitarios UNAN- MANAGUA.
Metodología: Se analizó una muestra de 753 estudiantes universitarios de 16 a 29 años de primero a quinto año de los años 2012- 2016. Se usó un diseño analítico con métodos estadísticos de pruebas de asociación de Chi cuadrado para determinar la asociación de variables y análisis de regresión logística para determinar la fuerza de asociación mediante los Odds Ratios (OR) de los factores de riesgo y conocer el valor predictivo de cada una de las dimensiones de los estilos de vida.
Resultados: La edad media de los de los estudiantes del sexo femenino es de 19 y para el sexo masculino es de 20 años, el índice de masa corporal de las estudiantes se encuentra en sobrepeso, el sexo masculino en obesidad grado 1. El 74% de los estudiantes corresponde a la zona urbana, el 52.5% de los estudiantes en estudio no poseen ningún tipo de beca estudiantil, el 90% de los estudiantes no reporta enfermedad auto informada, y el 60% de los estudiantes de ambos sexos poseen estilo de vida inadecuado. No se encontraron diferencia en el estilo de vida según sexo. El análisis bivariado no refleja asociación estadística (valor p mayor que 0.05) entre las variables edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal, procedencia, altura y estilo de vida. En el análisis de regresión logística las covariables más significativas encontradas en el modelo fueron nutrición, ejercicio, responsabilidad en salud, manejo del estrés, autorrealización y estilo de vida de los estudiantes.
Conclusión: La mayoría de los estudiantes poseen estilo de vida inadecuado. Los factores personales edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal, procedencia y altura de los estudiantes no se asocian al estilo de vida de estos. En cambio, sí existe fuerte asociación entre las dimensiones nutrición, ejercicio, responsabilidad en salud, manejo del estrés, autorrealización y estilo de vida de los estudiantes.
La armonización de las carreras de educación en Nicaragua: política y perspectivas
Authors: Escobar Soriano Álvaro , Videa Xiomara Lisbeth , De Armas Roberto 
Published: October 2020

Socialmente se ha reflexionado sobre las competencias que demanda la universidad que deben de los profesionales. Son estas reflexiones y demandas las que han llevado las universidades a repensar sobre el currículo con el que forman a los profesionales. Debido a esta realidad y el compromiso social de las universidades, en concreto las públicas, es que en Nicaragua se está viviendo un proceso de revisión profunda y asertiva en cuanto a los planes de estudio con los que se forman a los futuros docentes.
En este artículo se expresarán los acuerdos a los que han llegado las cuatro universidades públicas adscritas al Consejo Nacional de Universidades (CNU) con el fin de armonizar el currículo que da lugar a la formación académica de los docentes de educación media. Asimismo, se explicará, como perspectivas a futuro, los aciertos y avances que favorecerán la educación nacional. Se destaca en particular la articulación entre dos sistemas de educación (Ministerio de Educación-Universidad) en pro de desarrollar las competencias requeridas de un buen docente.
Formación de estructuras para el proceso de armonización de Carreras de educación en Nicaragua
Authors: Videa Xiomara Lisbeth , Escobar Soriano Álvaro , De Armas Roberto 
Published: October 2020

El tema de la educación superior y su relevancia con la formación de profesionales de calidad, integrados y comprometidos con el desarrollo social del país, es un tema de debate que ha ocupado a los expertos en la materia. Todo en la búsqueda de responder a las necesidades y demandas sociales desde la formación académica de los ciudadanos. Por ello, la universidad preocupada por su responsabilidad social y la calidad de la enseñanza y aprendizaje, ha buscado alternativas que permitan este vínculo sociedad-universidad.
En este artículo se describe el proceso de armonización de las carreras de educación de las universidades públicas del país como una alternativa de mejora académica en correspondencia con las demandas y necesidades de la sociedad. A su vez, se destaca la formación de los docentes en tema de competencias y diseño curricular a través de lecturas, talleres y asesoría en mesas de trabajo por carrera.
La experiencia vivida durante este proceso deja un gran aprendizaje en cuanto a la concepción de un diseño construido desde la práctica, la experiencia, la ciencia de cada profesión, las necesidades y el contexto entre otros elementos que abonan a una formación integral y de calidad.
Bespreking van: Roel Bekker, Dat had niet zo gemoeten!, Den Haag: Boom bestuurskunde 2020
Authors: van Hoesel Peter 
Published: October 2020

Bespreking van: Roel Bekker, Dat had niet zo gemoeten!, Den Haag: Boom bestuurskunde 2020
Het boek van voormalig topambtenaar Roel Bekker Dat had niet zo gemoeten! analyseert op scherpe wijze fouten en falen bij de overheid. Doordat de overheid allerlei steken laat vallen bij de voorbereiding van beleid en bovendien te weinig leert van beleidsevaluaties, ontstaat er beleid dat verre van optimaal functioneert, onder meer omdat de uitvoering wordt belast met (zeer) ingewikkelde procedures. Voor de overheid valt uit dit boek veel te leren over hoe het beter kan worden aangepakt. De vraag is wel of dat ook gaat gebeuren, want eerdere publicaties met waardevolle aanbevelingen op dit gebied hebben maar weinig effect gehad.
Annular Solar Eclipse on 26 December 2019 and its Effect on Trace Pollutant Concentrations and Meteorological Parameters in Kannur, India: a Coastal City
Authors: Resmi C. T. , Nishanth T. , Satheesh Kumar M. K. , Balachandramohan M. , Valsaraj K. T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper highlights the variations of surface ozone (O3), total column ozone (TCO), oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), ammonia (NH3), volatile organic compounds (Benzene, Tolune, Ethyle Benzene, Xylenes (collectively called BTEX)), particulate matters (PM10 and PM2.5), and meteorological parameters at the time of an annular solar eclipse on 26 December 2019 at Kannur town in Kerala, South India. The maximum solar obscuration has resulted a decrease in solar radiation by 93%, air temperature by 16.3%, wind speed by 36.1% and an increase in relative humidity by 27.1% at this coastal location. Along with the reduction in solar radiation, the concentration of surface O3 (61.5%) and total column O3 (11.8%) have been observed to decrease at the maximum phase of solar eclipse. CO and NO2 concentration were found to be increased by 28.9% and 42.2%, respectively, while NO exhibited its typical diurnal variation. Further, a decrease in concentrations of SO2 by 17.6%, PM10 by 18.5%, and PM2.5 by 11.3% were observed. NH3 and BTEX were found to be higher than 11.3% and 22.6% of the concentrations in control days. All of these deviated parameters could be seen returning to their normal state after completing the eclipse episode. The variation of photodissociation coefficient j(NO2) values were theoretically calculated from the observed data, which shows a good agreement with the model simulated j(NO2) reduction. This is an extensive second observation on the variation of trace pollutants on solar eclipse, after the partial solar eclipse observed on 15 January 2010 at Kannur.
Semi-continuous Measurements of Water-soluble Organic Carbon and Ionic Composition of PM2.5 in Baengnyeong Island during the 2016 KORUS-AQ (Korea-United States Air Quality Study)
Authors: Kang Seokwon , Park Gyutae , Park Taehyun , Ban Jihee , Kim Kyunghoon , Seo Youngkyo , Choi Jinyoung , Seo Seokjun , Choi Jinsoo , Bae Min-Suk , Lee Taehyoung 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study characterized the water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and ionic components of PM2.5 (particles less than 2.5 µm in diameter) from April to June 2016, at Baengnyeong Island The study utilized a particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) coupled with a total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer and ion chromatography (PILS-TOC-IC). The PM2.5 mean concentration in this study was 23.8±16.7 µg m−3, and the mean of WSOC concentration was 1.6±1.5 µg m−3. Ionic compounds increased by 3.8% in the period in which the air quality standard of PM2.5 (35 µg m−3) was exceeded because the concentration of ionic components increased due to generation by chemical reactions and emissions from a primary source in a nearby urban area. The wind direction and speed were mostly in the northwest and southwest directions and the higher concentration of PM2.5 was also shown in the same directions. In comparison with the previous study, the WSOC/OC ratio was 0.5±0.3 in Baengnyeong Island, which was higher than that at roadside and urban sites and lower than at the background site (Sweden, Aspvreten). It was considered that insoluble OC constituted a major proportion of primary OC that was emitted in urban areas, and the higher WSOC/OC ratios of rural and background sites were affected by inflow. The ratio of nitrate and sulfate in Baengnyeong Island was lower than urban areas in China in other studies, because of emitted aerosols from coal combustion or vehicle emission. The results indicate that Baengnyeong Island was affected by formation of secondary aerosols by chemical reactions and inflow from China as well as domestic emissions. The slope of H+
Aersol/SO4
2− in Baengnyeong Island was 0.079, which was a result of neutralized particle acidity in ambient air. The molar ratio of nitrate and ammonium with sulfate in Baengnyeong Island showed ammoniumrich conditions because ammonium nitrate was increased to homogeneous reaction of ammonia and nitric acid in the gas-phase.
Uma abordagem de design para MOOC: um mapeamento sistemático da articulação entre design instrucional e de interação
Authors: Garrido Filipe Adeodato , Do Rêgo Beatriz Brito , Maciel Rita Suzana Pitangueira , Matos Ecivaldo De Souza 
Published: October 2020

MOOC é um acrônimo para Massive Open Online Course, uma modalidade de educação online que oferta cursos gratuitos a diversos públicos, com diferentes idades, formações e nacionalidades. Acredita-se que abordagens de design que integrem design de interação e o design instrucional podem favorecer a comunicabilidade em MOOC, refletindo positivamente na aprendizagem do estudante. Nesse sentido, este artigo possui como objetivo apresentar os resultados de um Mapeamento Sistemático de Literatura (MSL). Esse mapeamento seguiu as indicações de Kitchenham (2004) em sua metodologia e buscou identificar estudos e pesquisas primárias referentes a processos de design de interação e de design instrucional aplicados à MOOC. Os resultados encontrados apontam para a existência de desafios de pesquisa de articulação teórica e metodológica entre o design de interação e design instrucional em MOOC. Os resultados apresentados neste artigo apontam a inexistência de uma articulação conjunta entre as áreas e sustentam a relevância de uma abordagem híbrida de design (design de interação articulado ao design instrucional) focalizada em MOOC.
Tendências de Pesquisas em Mineração de Dados Educacionais em MOOCs: um Mapeamento Sistemático
Authors: Souza Vanessa Faria , Perry Gabriela Trindade 
Published: October 2020

ResumoMassive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) são uma modalidade de curso que utilizam plataformas online e atraem diferentes perfis de estudantes, ofertando oportunidades de qualificação - seja formal ou informal - em um formato bastante dinâmico. Uma característica das plataformas que ofertam tais cursos é a capacidade de armazenar uma grande quantidade de dados, o que possibilitou a exploração destes dados por meio de técnicas de Mineração de Dados Educacionais (MDE). Nesse contexto, foi conduzido um mapeamento sistemático de literatura em cinco bases de dados com o propósito de verificar quais as vertentes de estudos em destaque quanto ao uso de MDE em MOOCs. A busca compreendeu o período de 2015 a 2020, sendo que 158 foram selecionados. Os resultados revelaram que estudos relativos à Análise de Comportamento, Predição (de Desempenho, de Abandono, de Conclusão), Mineração de Texto e Sistemas de Recomendação são os mais frequentes. Além disso, foram identificadas áreas com potencial de exploração, como Social Network Analysis (SNA), Digital Learning Ecosystem (DLE) e Análise de Mind Wandering (MW). Ademais, foram levantados métodos e ferramentas usados nas pesquisas, bem como desafios do uso de MDE na pesquisa sobre MOOC. Conclui-se que a questão do desequilíbrio de classes, provocado pela baixa adesão aos cursos, é um dos maiores desafios.Palavras-Chave: MOOCs, Mineração de Dados Educacionais, Mapeamento Sistemático. AbstractMassive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) use online platforms and attract different student profiles, offering qualification opportunities - whether formal or informal - in a very dynamic format. A characteristic of the platforms that offer such courses is the ability to store a large amount of data, which made it possible to explore it through Educational Data Mining (EDM) techniques. In this context, a systematic scoping was conducted in five databases with the purpose of discover research trends regarding to the use of EDM in MOOCs. The search covered the period from 2015 to 2020, selecting 158 papers. The results revealed that studies related to Behavior Analysis, Prediction (Performance, Abandonment, Conclusion), Text Mining and Recommendation Systems are the most frequent. Promissing researches were also identified, such as Social Network Analysis (SNA), Digital Learning Ecosystem (DLE) and Mind Wandering Analysis (MW). Methods and tools used in research were listed, as well as challenges in the use of EDM in research on MOOC. We concluded that the issue of class imbalance, caused by low adherence to courses, is one of the biggest challenges.Keywords: MOOCs, Educational Data Mining, Systematic Scoping.
Tecnologia interativa para aprendizagem sobre vida marinha em espaço museal
Authors: Silva Lucas Daniel Lira da , Alves Adriana Gomes , Müller Lincoln Henrique 
Published: October 2020

Aborda-se nesse artigo o desenvolvimento de tecnologias com adoção de interfaces naturais aplicadas à educação em espaços museais. O objetivo geral do estudo foi o desenvolvimento de soluções para ampliar a experiência de aprendizagem dos visitantes do MOVI - Museu Oceanográfico Univali - por meio de tecnologias interativas. A metodologia pautou-se no Design Science Research que legitima o desenvolvimento de artefatos como um meio para se produzir conhecimento científico. Por meio desta metodologia, levantaram-se as necessidades educativas do MOVI, desenvolveu-se um jogo de simulação e avaliou-se o produto junto ao público-alvo – visitantes do museu. O Ocean Simulator foi dessa forma concebido como um simulador de vida marinha que adota interface touch que considera fatores bióticos como cadeia alimentar, pirâmide de energia e limite populacional e abióticos, como a interferência humana por meio da pesca. O software foi experienciado pela equipe técnica e visitantes do MOVI, e mostrou-se promissor para implantação no espaço tecnológico educativo do museu.
A new physeteroid from the late Miocene of Peru expands the diversity of extinct dwarf and pygmy sperm whales (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Kogiidae)
Authors: COLLARETA Alberto , LAMBERT Olivier , MUIZON Christian de , BENITES PALOMINO Aldo Marcelo , URBINA Mario , BIANUCCI Giovanni 
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, the odontocete family Kogiidae is monotypic and only includes two species of diminutive relatives of the great sperm whale Physeter Linnaeus, 1758. Conversely, a growing body of extinct species indicates that kogiids were diverse and disparate during the late Neogene. The fossil record of Kogiidae is, to date, represented by several cranial specimens from Mio-Pliocene localities of the Northern Hemisphere, with the significant Southern Hemisphere exception of the Pisco Formation of Peru, from which two genera were known so far, including Scaphokogia Muizon, 1988, a highly idiosyncratic form characterised by a distinctly spoon-shaped dorsal surface of the neurocranium and a downturned semicylindrical rostrum, which is even placed in its own subfamily Scaphokogiinae. Here, we report on two skulls of Kogiidae from the Messinian (upper Miocene) portion of the Pisco Formation exposed in the East Pisco Basin. These two skulls are referred to the new taxon Platyscaphokogia landinii n. gen., n. sp., which our phylogenetic analysis recovers as sister group of Scaphokogia, within the subfamily Scaphokogiinae. Although Platyscaphokogia n. gen. shares with Scaphokogia a remarkably spoon-like dorsal aspect of the neurocranium, it retains a non-pachyostotic, dorsoventrally thin rostrum that distinctly points anteriorly; as such, Platyscaphokogia n. gen. might be regarded as testifying an early stage in the evolution of the scaphokogiine cranial anatomy. Morphofunctional and palaeoecological considerations allow for hypothesising that Platyscaphokogia n. gen. was a raptorial physeteroid that foraged along the water column in relatively open-sea palaeoenvironments. In conclusion, our finds expand the palaeodiversity of Kogiidae, as well as our knowledge on the late Miocene sperm whales of the southeastern Pacific, and further suggest that the fossil content of the East Pisco Basin is crucial for reconstructing the Neogene evolutionary history of physeteroids.