bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capitalism and Civil Society Revisited or: Conceptualizing a Civil, Sustainable and Solidary Economy
Authors: Adloff Frank 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAfter a brief reconstruction of the discourse on civil society, the notion that civil society and the economy are two separate spheres is criticized. Economies are not only embedded in civil society; they can also be organized according to civil society principles. This is discussed conceptually on the one hand, while on the other, the degrowth movement and cooperatives are used as examples to show what a civil, sustainable and solidary economy may look like. It will be shown that the concept of civil society is indispensable for the understanding of modern societies in general and also for economic processes. If one overcomes the sector-specific understanding of civil society and the identification of economy with profit-oriented capitalism on the basis of private property, a variety of connecting lines can be observed. Civic practices can also be identified in the economy and offer a reform approach that is largely overlooked and underestimated in social scientific and political debates. Many experiments on the entanglement of business and civil society are underway, and it is necessary to explore how these spaces can be created and expanded.
Radial Two Weight Inequality for Maximal Bergman Projection Induced by a Regular Weight
Authors: Korhonen Taneli , Peláez José Ángel , Rättyä Jouni 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt is shown in quantitative terms that the maximal Bergman projection $$ {P}^{+}_{\omega}(f)(z)={\int}_{\mathbb{D}} f(\zeta)|{B}^{\omega}_{z}(\zeta)|\omega(\zeta) dA(\zeta), $$

P

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,

is bounded from $L^{p}_{\nu }$

L

ν

p

to $L^{p}_{\eta }$

L

η

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if and only if $$ \underset{0<r<1}{\sup}\left( {\int}_{0}^{r}\frac{\eta(s)}{\left( {\int}_{s}^{1}\omega(t) dt\right)^{p}} ds+1\right)^{\frac{1}{p}} \left( {\int}_{r}^{1}\left( \frac{\omega(s)}{\nu(s)^{\frac{1}{p}}}\right)^{p^{\prime}}ds\right)^{\frac{1}{p^{\prime}}}<\infty, $$

sup

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<
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provided ω,ν,η are radial regular weights. A radial weight σ is regular if it satisfies ${\sigma }(r){\asymp {\int \limits }}_{r}^{1}{\sigma }(t) dt/(1-r)$
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≍
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1

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for all 0 ≤ r < 1. It is also shown that under an appropriate additional hypothesis involving ω and η, the Bergman projection Pω and ${P}^{+}_{\omega }$

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+

are simultaneously bounded.
Nucleolin Mediates LPS-induced Expression of Inflammatory Mediators and Activation of Signaling Pathways
Authors: Fang Li , Wang Kang-kai , Huang Qing , Cheng Feng , Huang Fang , Liu Wei-wei 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn this study, we investigated the effects of nucleolin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of MAPK and NF-KappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathways and secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1 in THP-1 monocytes. Immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting were used to identify the nucleolin expression in cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus of THP-1 monocytes. Inactivation of nucleolin was induced by neutralizing antibody against nucleolin. THP-1 monocytes were pretreated with anti-nucleolin antibody for 1 h prior to LPS challenge. The irrelevant IgG group was used as control. Secretion of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1) and activation of MAPK and NF-κB/I-κB signaling pathways were examined to assess the effects of nucleolin on LPS-mediated inflammatory response. Nucleolin existed in cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus of THP-1 monocytes. Pretreatment of anti-nucleolin antibody significantly inhibited the LPS-induced secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1. P38, JNK, ERK and NF-κB subunit p65 inhibitors could significantly inhibit the secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α and HMGB1 induced by LPS. Moreover, the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK and p65 (or nuclear translocation of p65) was significantly increased after LPS challenge. In contrast, pretreatment of anti-nucleolin antibody could significantly inhibit the LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK and p65 (or nuclear translocation of p65). However, the irrelevant IgG, as a negative control, had no effect on LPS-induced secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β and phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK and p65 (or nuclear translocation of p65). We demonstrated that nucleolin mediated the LPS-induced activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, and regulated the secretion of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1).
Role of Interleukin 17A in Aortic Valve Inflammation in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice
Authors: Liu Fa-yuan , Bai Peng , Jiang Ye-fan , Dong Nian-guo , Li Geng , Chu Chong 
Published: August 2020

SummaryInterleukin 17A (IL17A) is reported to be involved in many inflammatory processes, but its role in aortic valve diseases remains unknown. We examined the role of IL17A based on an ApoE−/−mouse model with strategies as fed with high-fat diet or treated with IL17A monoclonal antibody (mAb). 12 weeks of high-fat diet feeding can elevate cytokines secretion, inflammatory cells infiltration and myofibroblastic transition of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) in aortic valve. Moreover, diet-induction accelerated interleukin 17 receptor A (IL17RA) activation in VICs. In an IL17A inhibition model, the treatment group was intra-peritoneally injected with anti-IL17A mAb while controls received irrelevant antibody. Functional blockade of IL17A markedly reduced cellular infiltration and transition in aortic valve. To investigate potential mechanisms, NF-κB was co-stained in IL17RA+VICs and IL17RA+macrophages, and further confirmed by Western blotting in VICs. High-fat diet could activate NF-κB nuclear translocation in IL17RA+VICs and IL17RA+macrophages and this process was depressed after IL17A mAb-treatment. In conclusion, high-fat diet can lead to IL17A upregulation, VICs myofibroblastic transition and inflammatory cells infiltration in the aortic value of ApoE−/−mice. Blocking IL17A with IL17A mAb can alleviate aortic valve inflammatory states.
Feeding behaviour of Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae) changes when infected with Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum
Authors: Valenzuela Isabel , Sandanayaka Manoharie , Powell Kevin S. , Norng Sorn , Vereijssen Jessica 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPathogens which need a vector for their transmission can alter the vectors’ behaviour to favour their spread. We used the electrical penetration graph technique to investigate this hypothesis by using the tomato potato psyllidBactericera cockerelliinfected or not with the plant pathogenCandidatusLiberibacter solanacearum (CLso) on African boxthorn and tomato. Probing was not affected by the host type but there was a significant effect on probing due to the infection status of the psyllid. More psyllids carried out probing activities in the sieve elements when infected with CLso, and more probing activities were observed from CLso-infected psyllids by comparison to the non-infected groups. Specifically, significant increases in salivation, phloem ingestion and number of probes, before and after reaching the sieve elements, were noticed in the infected groups. Furthermore, time elapsed to reach the sieve elements was significantly shortened by 2 h in the infected group. Remaining probing activities in xylem tissues were not different between all psyllid groups. The observed changes in feeding behaviour by pathogen-infected psyllids may well ensure further spread of the pathogen as greater salivation has the potential to increase transmission, highlighting at the same time the important role that crop and non-crop hosts play in disease epidemiology.
PKCγ-Mediated Phosphorylation of CRMP2 Regulates Dendritic Outgrowth in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells
Authors: Winkler Sabine C. , Shimobayashi Etsuko , Kapfhammer Josef P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe signalling protein PKCγ is a major regulator of Purkinje cell development and synaptic function. We have shown previously that increased PKCγ activity impairs dendritic development of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Mutations in the protein kinase Cγ gene (PRKCG) cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 14 (SCA14). In a transgenic mouse model of SCA14 expressing the human S361G mutation, Purkinje cell dendritic development is impaired in cerebellar slice cultures similar to pharmacological activation of PKC. The mechanisms of PKCγ-driven inhibition of dendritic growth are still unclear. Using immunoprecipitation-coupled mass spectrometry analysis, we have identified collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) as a protein interacting with constitutive active PKCγ(S361G) and confirmed the interaction with the Duolink™ proximity ligation assay. We show that in cerebellar slice cultures from PKCγ(S361G)-mice, phosphorylation of CRMP2 at the known PKC target site Thr555 is increased in Purkinje cells confirming phosphorylation of CRMP2 by PKCγ. miRNA-mediated CRMP2 knockdown decreased Purkinje cell dendritic outgrowth in dissociated cerebellar cultures as did the transfection of CRMP2 mutants with a modified Thr555 site. In contrast, dendritic development was normal after wild-type CRMP2 overexpression. In a novel knock-in mouse expressing only the phospho-defective T555A-mutant CRMP2, Purkinje cell dendritic development was reduced in dissociated cultures. This reduction could be rescued by transfecting wild-type CRMP2 but only partially by the phospho-mimetic T555D-mutant. Our findings establish CRMP2 as an important target of PKCγ phosphorylation in Purkinje cells mediating its control of dendritic development. Dynamic regulation of CRMP2 phosphorylation via PKCγ is required for its correct function.
Long Non-Coding RNA Derived from lncRNA–mRNA Co-Expression Networks Modulates the Locust Phase Change
Authors: Li Ting , Chen Bing , Yang Pengcheng , Wang Depin , Du Baozhen , Kang Le 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate various biological processes ranging from gene expression to animal behavior. Although protein-coding genes, microRNAs, and neuropeptides play important roles in the regulation of phenotypic plasticity in migratory locust, empirical studies on the function of lncRNAs in this process remain limited. Here, we applied high-throughput RNA-seq to compare the expression patterns of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the time course of locust phase change. We found that lncRNAs responded more rapidly at the early stages of phase transition. Functional annotations demonstrated that early changed lncRNAs employed different pathways in isolation and crowding phases to cope with changes in the population density. Two overlapping hub lncRNA loci in the crowding and isolation networks were screened for functional verification. One of them, LNC1010057, was validated as a potential regulator of locust phase change. This work offers insights into the molecular mechanism underlying locust phase change and expands the scope of lncRNA functions in animal behavior.
Assessing Shifts in Regional Hydroclimatic Conditions of U.S. River Basins in Response to Climate Change over the 21st Century
Authors: Heidari Hadi , Arabi Mazdak , Warziniack Travis , Kao Shih‐Chieh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCharacterization of shifts in regional hydroclimatic conditions helps reduce negative consequences on agriculture, environment, economy, society, and ecosystem. This study assesses shifts in regional hydroclimatic conditions across the conterminous United States in response to climate change over the 21st century. The hydrological responses of five downscaled climate models from the Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs data set ranging from the driest to wettest and least warm to hottest were simulated using the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model. Shifts in regional hydroclimatic conditions at 8‐digit hydrologic unit scale (HUC8) were evaluated by the magnitude and direction of movements in the Budyko space. HUC8 river basins were then clustered into seven unique hydroclimatic behavior groups using the K‐means method. A tree classification method was proposed to illustrate the relationships between hydroclimatic behavior groups and regional characteristics. The results indicate that hydroclimatic responses may vary from a river basin to another, but basins in the same neighborhood follow a similar movement in the Budyko space. The systematic hydroclimatic behavior of river basins is highly associated with their regional landform, climate, and ecosystem characteristics. Most HUC8s with mountain, plateau, and basin landform types will likely experience less arid conditions. However, most HUC8s with Plain landform type behave differently according to the regional ecosystem and climate. This study provides a potential roadmap of shifts in regional hydroclimatic conditions of U.S. river basins, which can be used to improve regional preparedness and ability of various sectors to mitigate or adapt to the impacts of future hydroclimate change.
MESSENGER Observations of Flow Braking and Flux Pileup of Dipolarizations in Mercury's Magnetotail: Evidence for Current Wedge Formation
Authors: Dewey Ryan M. , Slavin James A. , Raines Jim M. , Azari Abigail R. , Sun Weijie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSimilar to Earth, Mercury's magnetotail experiences frequent dipolarization of the magnetic field. These rapid (~2 s) increases in the northward component of the tail field (ΔBz ~ 30 nT) at Mercury are associated with fast sunward flows (~200 km/s) that enhance local magnetic field convection. Differences between the two magnetospheres, namely Mercury's smaller spatiotemporal scales and lack of an ionosphere, influence the dynamics of dipolarizations in these magnetotails. At Earth, the braking of fast dipolarization flows near the inner magnetosphere accumulates magnetic flux and develops the substorm current wedge. At Mercury, flow braking and flux pileup remain open topics. In this work, we develop an automated algorithm to identify dipolarizations, which allows for statistical examination of flow braking and flux pileup in Mercury's magnetotail. We find that near the inner edge of the plasma sheet, steep magnetic pressure gradients cause substantial braking of fast dipolarization flows. The dipolarization frequency and sunward flow speed decrease significantly within a region ~500 km thick located at ~900 km altitude above Mercury's local midnight surface. Due to the close proximity of the braking region to the planet, we estimate that ~10–20% of dipolarizations may reach the nightside surface of the planet. The remaining dipolarizations exhibit prolonged statistical flux pileup within the braking region similar to large‐scale dipolarization of Earth's inner magnetosphere. The existence of flow braking and flux pileup at Mercury indicates that a current wedge may form, although the limitations imposed by Mercury's magnetosphere require the braking of multiple, continuous dipolarizations for current wedge formation.
Improving Reservoir Outflow Estimation for Ungauged Basins Using Satellite Observations and a Hydrological Model
Authors: Han Zhongying , Long Di , Huang Qi , Li Xingdong , Zhao Fanyu , Wang Jianhua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNowadays, most of rivers globally are regulated by dams and reservoirs, which have substantially altered natural streamflow regimes. Understanding the impacts of these dams and reservoirs on streamflow is essential for water resources management. In situ reservoir release data or actual reservoir operating rules are difficult to obtain, particularly for transboundary rivers, resulting in the tremendous difficulty of simulating exact reservoir behaviors. This study aims to use easy‐to‐obtain satellite observations combined with a distributed hydrological model to estimate reservoir releases at the daily time scale. The developed Satellite‐Based Reservoir routing Scheme (SBRS) was applied to two individual reservoirs in the United States and Thailand and cascade reservoirs on the Lancang River in China. The normalized root‐mean‐square error (NRMSE), correlation coefficient (CC), and hydrographs of daily regulated streamflow simulations were used to assess the performance of the reservoir release simulations. The SBRS was compared with four other global reservoir operation schemes and showed better overall performance with higher CC and lower NRMSE. In addition, the SBRS performed better for the individual reservoirs (CC > 0.6, NRMSE < 0.2) than the cascade reservoirs, which is attributed to the uncertainty in the simulation of inflow and reservoir storage changes and to the lack of remote sensing data for all the cascade reservoirs. This study explores the potential of satellite observations combined with hydrological modeling in elucidating reservoir behaviors in ungauged and/or transboundary river basins. A better understanding of reservoir behaviors serves as a basis for water resources management and provides a more cooperative environment for all stakeholders of a basin.
Benford’s law in the Gaia universe
Authors: de Jong Jurjen , de Bruijne Jos , De Ridder Joris 
Published: August 2020

Context. Benford’s law states that for scale- and base-invariant data sets covering a wide dynamic range, the distribution of the first significant digit is biased towards low values. This has been shown to be true for wildly different datasets, including financial, geographical, and atomic data. In astronomy, earlier work showed that Benford’s law also holds for distances estimated as the inverse of parallaxes from the ESA HIPPARCOS mission.
Aims. We investigate whether Benford’s law still holds for the 1.3 billion parallaxes contained in the second data release of Gaia (Gaia DR2). In contrast to previous work, we also include negative parallaxes. We examine whether distance estimates computed using a Bayesian approach instead of parallax inversion still follow Benford’s law. Lastly, we investigate the use of Benford’s law as a validation tool for the zero-point of the Gaia parallaxes.
Methods. We computed histograms of the observed most significant digit of the parallaxes and distances, and compared them with the predicted values from Benford’s law, as well as with theoretically expected histograms. The latter were derived from a simulated Gaia catalogue based on the Besançon galaxy model.
Results. The observed parallaxes in Gaia DR2 indeed follow Benford’s law. Distances computed with the Bayesian approach of Bailer-Jones et al. (2018, AJ, 156, 58) no longer follow Benford’s law, although low-value ciphers are still favoured for the most significant digit. The prior that is used has a significant effect on the digit distribution. Using the simulated Gaia universe model snapshot, we demonstrate that the true distances underlying the Gaia catalogue are not expected to follow Benford’s law, essentially because the interplay between the luminosity function of the Milky Way and the mission selection function results in a bi-modal distance distribution, corresponding to nearby dwarfs in the Galactic disc and distant giants in the Galactic bulge. In conclusion, Gaia DR2 parallaxes only follow Benford’s Law as a result of observational errors. Finally, we show that a zero-point offset of the parallaxes derived by optimising the fit between the observed most-significant digit frequencies and Benford’s law leads to a value that is inconsistent with the value that is derived from quasars. The underlying reason is that such a fit primarily corrects for the difference in the number of positive and negative parallaxes, and can thus not be used to obtain a reliable zero-point.
Reshaping the Lower Face Using Injectable Fillers
Authors: Braz André , Eduardo Camila Cazerta de Paula 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe lower third is very important for the pleasant appearance of the face. A well-contoured jawline is desirable in men and women, giving a perception of beauty and youth. It is also key to sexual dimorphism, defining masculine and feminine characteristics. The nonsurgical rejuvenation and beautification of the lower third of the face is becoming more frequent. Injectable fillers can reshape the jawline, lift soft tissues, and improve facial proportions, effectively improving the appearance of the area.It is paramount to understand the facial anatomy and perform a good facial assessment in order to propose a proper aesthetic treatment plan. The aesthetic goal of the rejuvenation approach is to redefine the mandibular angle and line. In young patients, beautification can be achieved through correction of constitutional deficit or enhancement of the contour of the face, improving the facial shape. It is very important to possess knowledge of facial anatomy and of the aging process in order to deliver effective and safe results.In this article, we discuss the anatomy of the lower third of the face, facial assessment, aging process, and treatments of the chin, prejowls and mandibular line and angle with injectable fillers. The authors’ experience in the approach of this area is discussed.
Maximizing the effect of visual feedback for pronunciation instruction
Authors: Olson Daniel J. , Offerman Heather M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Visual feedback, in which learners visually analyze acoustic speech characteristics, has been shown to significantly improve pronunciation, but extant research has varied widely with respect to the target feature, length of the intervention, and type of intervention. This study presents a comparative analysis of three methods of visual feedback for L2 segmental pronunciation instruction. These methods, all focused on training voice onset time for English-speaking learners of Spanish, differed in duration of instruction (i.e., short and long) and the nature of each intervention (i.e., phonemes presented simultaneously or sequentially). Results show that while all forms of visual feedback significantly improve L2 Spanish pronunciation, evidenced by a reduction in voice onset time, the greatest improvement was found following both longer treatments and a sequential approach. Theoretical and pedagogical implications are discussed.
Water Flooding Timing Research and Field Practice in Light Oil Reservoir
Authors: Shi Changlin , Yang Lina , Wang Xinran , Wei Li , Yin Yanjun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Water flooding timing is the research focus in the process of reservoir development, especially for offshore reservoir, reasonable water flooding timing can ensure better development effect, at the same time, it can save the investment cost in the process of reservoir development, so as to achieve sustainable and efficient development of offshore oilfield. At present, there are many researches on the flooding timing of conventional heavy oil reservoir, but few on the flooding timing of light oil reservoir. In order to clarify the development effect of light oil reservoir under different water flooding timing, taking offshore oilfield A as an example, combining with numerical simulation technology and reservoir engineering analysis method, the development effect under different water flooding timing is analyzed. The results show that when the reservoir pressure drops to half of the saturation pressure, the development effect of water flooding for light oil reservoir is the best. Therefore, the water flooding time can be postponed for the light oil reservoir with high porosity and permeability. The research results are applied to the actual development case of oilfield A. The practice shows that water flooding in the late development stage of light oil reservoir can effectively prolong the water-free oil production period, improve the initial oil recovery rate, reduce the initial development investment, thus effectively shorten the investment recovery period and improve the development effect of the reservoir in the whole life production cycle.