bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementasi teori belajar konstruktivisme dalam pembelajaran sains
Authors: Sugrah Nurfatimah Ugha 
Published: February 2020

Constructivism learning theory is a theory that gives freedom to humans who want to learn or look for their needs with the ability to find their wants or needs with the help of others, so this theory provides activeness for humans to learn to find their own competencies, knowledge, or technology and other things that needed to develop itself. Constructivism learning theory holds that people produce knowledge and form meaning based on their experiences. In constructivism, learning is represented as a constructive process in which students build internal illustrations of knowledge, interpretations of personal experiences. Constructivism teaching is based on learning that occurs through the active involvement of students in the construction of meaning and knowledge. Teaching science from a constructivist perspective aims to give students knowledge of science in such a way that they not only understand the concepts and principles of science, but also the significance of science learning. The emphasis on constructivism and direct inquiry-oriented learning to promote children's conceptual knowledge by building on previous understanding, active involvement with subject content, and applications for real-world situations has been. A constructivist view emphasizes discovery, experimentation, and open problems. Teori belajar konstruktivisme adalah sebuah teori yang memberikan kebebasan terhadap manusia yang ingin belajar atau mencari kebutuhannya dengan kemampuan menemukan keinginan atau kebutuhannya tersebut dengan bantuan orang lain, sehingga teori ini memberikan keaktifan terhadap manusia untuk belajar menemukan sendiri kompetensi, pengetahuan, atau teknologi dan hal lain yang diperlukan guna mengembangkan dirinya sendiri. Teori pembelajaran konstruktivisme berpendapat bahwa orang menghasilkan pengetahuan dan membentuk makna berdasarkan pengalaman mereka. Dalam konstruktivisme, pembelajaran direpresentasikan sebagai proses konstruktif di mana pelajar membangun ilustrasi internal pengetahuan, interpretasi pengalaman pribadi. Pengajaran konstruktivisme didasarkan pada pembelajaran yang terjadi melalui keterlibatan aktif siswa dalam konstruksi makna dan pengetahuan. Pengajaran sains dari perspektif konstruktivisme bertujuan untuk memberikan siswa pengetahuan sains sedemikian rupa sehingga mereka tidak hanya memahami konsep dan prinsip sains, tetapi juga signifikansi dari pembelajaran sains.
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR ANAK TK
Authors: Susanti Marlin Dwi 
Published: February 2020

Tujuan pemanfaatan media terhadap motivasi belajar anak untuk memberikan gambaran konkret terhadap informasi maupun ide-ide baru dan menyatukan materi yang akan guru sampaikan terhadap pengetahuan yang akan diberikan pada anak, sehingga pemahaman dari guru maupun anak menjadi serah. Media yang digunakan tidak lepas dari bahan yang aman, tidak berbahaya dan mudah digunakan agar anak dapat mengeksplorasikan media tersebut untuk menambah pengalaman belajar anak. Jenis media pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah berbentuk fisik, diantaralain yaitu boneka flannel, kereta angka, buku pintar “mertamorfosis kupu-kupu”, kartu angka dan huruf. Media yang digunakan memakai bahan bekas yang aman, mudah didapat dan tidak berbahaya, sehingga anak mudah mengeksplornya untuk menggali rasa ingin tahunya dan dapat mengetahui berbagai macam hal. Hasil dari pemanfaatan media pembelajaran ini dapat memunculkan motivasi belajar anak. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari minat anak melihat dan mendengarkan guru bercerita menggunakan media tersebut. Anak dapat mengungkapkan ide-idenya, hasil pengamatan di lingkungan sekitar anak dan pengalaman yang pernah dilakukakannya. Sehingga terciptanya kebermaknaan pembelajaran dan pemahaman materi yang didapat anak maupun materi yang disampikan guru menjadi searah. Kata Kunci: media, pembelajaran, anak
PENGEMBANGAN TEMA PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK TAMAN KANAK-KANAK
Authors: Maryatun Ika Budi 
Published: February 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjabarkan langkah-langkah pengembangan tema pembelajaran di Taman Kanak-kanak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kajian literasi untuk menggali berbagai teori tentang pengembangan tema. Hasil dari kajian adalah langkah pengembangan tema yang meliputi tiga langkah utama, yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan tindak lanjut. Langkah persiapan berisi analisis sumber tema. Langkah pelaksanaan meliputi :(1) memilih topik sebagai tema; (2) brainstorming tentang tema; (3) mencari literatur; (4) mengembangkan tema besar menjadi tema kecil; (5) menyusun konsep pengetahuan; (6) menentukan puncak tema; dan (7) melaksanakan tema. Langkah tindak lanjut berisi evaluasi pelaksanaan tema. Kata kunci: Tema pembelajaran, taman kanak-kanak
Latar Belakang dan Masa Depan Libya Pasca Arab Spring
Authors: * Danu Eko Agustinova 
Published: February 2020

Penelitian bertujuan untuk: 1) mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya Arab Spring di Libya yang berakibat pada pergantian pemerintahan di Libya serta 2) menganalisis masa depan Libya setelah terjadinya Arab Spring. Menggunakan metode sejarah melalui empat langkah metode yaitu heuristic, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan penulisan/historiografi dengan endekatan sosiologis, budaya, psikologis, dan politik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan selama 42 tahun masa pemerintahan Moammar Qaddafi Libya mengalami krisis kebebasan, demokrasi dan tingginya pengangguran dan kemiskinan. Hal ini dikarenakan pemaksaan pemikiran pribadinya tentang “Teori Dunia Ketiga” serta dominasi Qaddafi yang absolut di Libya. Keberhasilan Arab Spring di Libya, menjadikan pemerintahan yang baru telah menyusun sistem ketatanegaraan yang baru yang mengadopsi segala aspirasi dan kepentingan rakyatnya. Bidang ekonomi, Libya diprediksi akan mengadopsi sistem ekonomi liberal. Kebijakan luar negeri Libya cenderung ke arah lebih moderat. Kata Kunci: Libya, Arab Spring.
Perbedaan Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa Pendidikan IPS FIS UNY
Authors: * Anik Widiastuti, Sugiharyanto, Satriyo W 
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prestasi belajar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan IPS, FIS, UNY yang meliputi 1) tingginya prestasi belajar mahasiswa, 2) perbedaan prestasi belajar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan IPS, FIS, UNY ditinjau berdasar jenis kelamin, 3) perbedaan prestasi belajar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan IPS, FIS, UNY ditinjau berdasar jalur masuk. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif eksploratif. Populasi penelitian sekaligus menjadi sampel penelitian sebanyak 259 mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan IPS, FIS, UNY angkatan 2010 sampai dengan 2012. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) prestasi belajar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan IPS, FIS, UNY termasuk dalam kategori sangat memuaskan; 2) terdapat perbedaan prestasi belajar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan IPS, FIS, UNY ditinjau berdasar jenis kelamin; 3) terdapat perbedaan prestasi belajar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan IPS, FIS, UNY ditinjau berdasar jalur masuk UNY. Kata kunci: prestasi belajar, IPS
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TPS DAN NHT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SEJARAH DI SMA NEGERI KABUPATEN TEMANGGUNG
Authors: Mukminan Fatimah Nur Rahmawati, 
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh: (1) hasil belajar sejarah antara model pembelajaran TPS dan NHT, (2) hasil belajar sejarah antara model TPS dan NHT pada kelompok motivasi tinggi, (3) hasil belajar sejarah antara model TPS dan NHT pada kelompok motivasi rendah, dan (4) interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar sejarah. Jenis penelitian adalah quasi experiment. Populasi penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Temanggung. Sampel penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas XI IPS 1 SMA Negeri 1 Parakan berjumlah 32 peserta didik, dan peserta didik kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Candiroto berjumlah 30 peserta didik. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Uji validitas menggunakan rumus korelasi product moment. Analisis data menggunakan teknik Anava dua jalur. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa: (1) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan penggunaan model TPS dan NHT terhadap hasil belajar sejarah, dengan F = 5,801 dan p = 0,019 0,05, (2) model NHT lebih berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada kelompok motivasi tinggi, dengan F = 0,127 dan p = 0,724 0,05, (3) model TPS lebih berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada kelompok motivasi rendah, dengan F= 12,418 dan p = 0,002 0,05, dan (4) terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan motivasi belajar peserta didik untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dalam pembelajaran sejarah, dengan F = 6,361 dan p = 0,014 0,05. Kata kunci: Model TPS, Model NHT, Hasil Belajar, Motivasi Belajar
Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Berbasis Multikultural Di SMK Negeri 2 Mataram
Authors: * Nurlaili Handayani, Taat Wulandari 
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: mengetahui implementasi pendidikan karakter berbasis multikultural di SMKN 2 Mataram, dan untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam implementasi pendidikan karakter berbasis multikultural di SMKN 2 Mataram. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan naturalistik. Pemilihan subjek penelitian dilakukan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan snowball sampling. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan data menggunakan teknik tringulasi. Analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi pendidikan karakter berbasis multikultural dilaksanakan melalui program-program sebagai berikut: a) komitmen manajemen sekolah; b) melalui tata tertib sekolah; c) pengintegrasian pada program intrakurikuler; d) pengintegrasian pada program ekstrakurikuler; e) budaya sekolah dan f) program jaringan kerja. Sekolah mengembangkan nilai-nilai karakter: nilai religius, mandiri, peduli lingkungan, berprestasi, toleransi, demokratis, semangat kebangsaan, kompetitif dan cinta damai. Faktor pendukung antara lain: a) komitmen dan kerjasama yang baik antara kepala sekolah, guru, siswa, dan keterlibatan orang tua wali; b) dukungan pihak pemerintah dan swasta dalam jaringan kerja. Faktor penghambat antara lain: a) kebiasaan dan budaya lingkungan asal siswa yang berbeda; b) lingkungan masyarakat; c) lingkungan teman sebaya dan media elektronik; e) sarana prasarana yang belum lengkap; f) evaluasi program pendidikan karakter yang belum optimal, sehingga mempengaruhi proses penanaman karakter. Kata Kunci: pendidikan karakter, multikultural, multikultural di SMK
PEMILOS : implementasi pembinaan kesadaran konstitusi di SMK N 1 Pandak
Authors: Regeng Regeng 
Published: February 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan menjelaskan hasil penelitian best practises tentang penyelenggaraan pemilihan osis (pemilos), menjelaskan peran guru PPKn dan menganalisis praktek pembinaan kesadaran konstitusi melalui pemilos di SMK N 1 Pandak. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara dan studi pustaka. Teknik analisa hasil penelitian dengan triangulasi sumber dan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyelenggaraan pemilos mengedepankan prinsip-prinsip pembelajaran yakni 1) Upaya menyampaikan pengetahuan tentang Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan kepada peserta didik di sekolah; 2) Pewarisan kebudayaan yang memuat nilai-nilai karakter kejujuran, keadilan, toleransi, penghargaan, mengakui hak dan kewajiban kepada generasi muda melalui lembaga pendidikan sekolah; 3) upaya mengorganisasikan lingkungan untuk menciptakan kondisi belajar bagi peserta didik melalui dukungan penyelenggaraan pemilos; 4) Upaya mempersiapkan peserta didik menjadi warga negara yang baik untuk terlibat aktif dalam proses menentukan pemimpin; 5) Proses membantu peserta didik menghadapi kehidupan sehari-hari sebagai warga negara. Guru PPKn berperan menerjemahkan pemilos sebagai sarana inovasi model pembelajaran yang dirumuskan dalam tiga langkah yakni orientasi, implementasi dan capaian pembelajaran. Selain itu pemilos dapat ditelaah dalam sebuah kajian tentang bentuk pembelajaran PPKn dengan menggunakan pendekatan Kurikulum 2013 melalui 1) Proses pendidikan yang mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi (Higher Order Thinking Skill) bagi peserta didik; 2) Pendekatan ilmiah (scientific learning) yang dilakukan oleh peserta didik dan guru menjadikan guru sebagai fasilitator bagi peserta didik untuk menemukan pengetahuan baru yang ditemukan di lapangan melalui pemilos; 3) Model pembelajaran yang dikembangkan melalui pemilos dapat dikatakan sebagai bentuk Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek (Project Based Learning); 4) Pengembangan kemampuan berpikir kritis, kemampuan memecahkan masalah, kreativitas, inovasi, kemampuan komunikasi, dan kemampuan kolaborasi peserta didik telah terbangun melalui pemilos; 5) Pemilos sebagai sarana pembelajaran yang mampu menguatkan pendidikan karakter. Kata kunci : pemilos, kesadaran konstitusi, SMK N 1 Pandak, guru PPKn
Sources of Health Information and Their Impacts on Medical Knowledge Perception Among the Saudi Arabian Population: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alduraywish Shatha A , Altamimi Lamees A , Aldhuwayhi Rawan A , AlZamil Lama R , Alzeghayer Luluh Y , Alsaleh Futoon S , Aldakheel Fahad M , Tharkar Shabana 
Published: February 2020

Background
Having a reliable source for health information is vital to build a strong foundation of knowledge, especially with the current revolution of the internet and social media, which raises many concerns regarding harmful effects on the health of the public. However, there are no studies on how the Saudi Arabian population seeks health information. Details about the most used and trusted sources of health information among the public will help health authorities and public awareness accounts on social media to effectively disseminate health information.

Objective
To investigate the types of sources accessed by the Saudi Arabian population while seeking health information, as well as their level of trust in the sources and to assess the impact of these sources on their perception of medical knowledge and health decision-making.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted to meet the objectives. The study population included both men and women who were aged 16 years or more and visited primary care clinics at King Khalid University Hospital. Four hundred and thirteen participants were sampled using the simple random method, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (IBM Corp, Armonk, New York, USA).

Results
A total of 413 participants were included in this study, and of these, 99 (24.0%) were males and 206 (49.9%) had a bachelor’s degree. Doctors were chosen as the first source of information by 87.6% (283/323) of the participants, and they were completely trusted by most of the population (326/411, 79.3%). The second most commonly used source was pharmacists (112/194, 57.7%), and they were partially trusted by 41.4% (159/384) of the participants. Internet searches, social media, and traditional medicine were not prioritized by most of the participants as the first or second source of health information. The majority of the participants did not trust information obtained from social media, and WhatsApp was the most untrusted source. Almost half of the respondents (197/413, 47.7%) acknowledged that various sources of information can often help them understand their health problems. However, the majority disagreed on substituting a doctor’s prescription with information obtained from the internet or a friend or relative.

Conclusions
Although physicians were preferred and highly trusted, internet sources appeared to impact the medical knowledge of the population. The population still preferred to use internet search to obtain health information prior to a doctor’s visit.
Algal Oil as Source of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Laying Hens Nutrition: Effect on Egg Performance, Egg Quality Indices and Fatty Acid Composition of Egg Yolk Lipids
Authors: Świątkiewicz Sylwester , Arczewska-Włosek Anna , Szczurek Witold , Calik Jolanta , Bederska-Łojewska Dorota , Orczewska-Dudek Sylwia , Muszyński Siemowit , Tomaszewska Ewa , Józefiak Damian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of algal oil with very high level of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) used as fat source in the diet for laying hens, on egg yolk lipids fatty acid composition, as well as egg production and egg quality indices, in comparison with other dietary fat sources. The experiment was carried out on 168 ISA Brown hens (25 to 60 wks of age), allocated to 7 groups of 12 replicates (cages), with two birds in each cage. The experimental diets were supplemented with 2% of different fat sources, i.e. soybean oil (SO), coconut oil (CO), rapeseed oil (RO), linseed oil (LO), camelina oil (CAO), fish oil (FO), or algal oil (AO). Laying performance indices, i.e. egg production, mean egg weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, or egg and eggshell quality parameters were not affected by used fat sources (P>0.05). Dietary fat sources significantly influenced on egg yolk lipids fatty acids composition. Thus, AO addition caused some changes in the yolk lipid profile that were favorable from the dietary perspective, i.e., increased concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA (P<0.05). However, boiled eggs from hens fed a diet with AO were characterized by an inferior flavour and taste to those from other groups. In conclusion, the results of this experiment, have shown that the use of AO in the laying hens nutrition is an efficient way to increase the deposition of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) in eggs, without negative effect on egg performance, however further researches, aiming to establish optimal AO dietary level that does not adversely affect the organoleptic properties of eggs, are needed.
Spatial development of hydrological droughts in lake catchments
Authors: Kozek Malwina , Tomaszewski Edmund 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In river-lake systems, reservoirs significantly affect the formation of water resources in the catchment by reducing the maximum flows and floods as well as increasing the low flows. In lake catchments, the pace of hydrological drought progression is usually slow. However, this phenomenon can be very extreme and destructive for water balance structure as a result of the very slow renewal rate of catchment resources. An estimation of hydrological drought development was conducted in the Biebrza river catchment (6,900 km2) on the basis of a daily discharge series for 18 water-gauge stations in the period 1982–2014. The number and location of the gauges allowed reliable results of the spatial pattern of drought to be obtained. The main objective of the research was the construction and assessment of the applicability of indicators which are estimators of drought spatial progression. Comparative analysis of four proposed indices led to two of them being recommended. These characteristics estimate the direction of drought development according to the stream network hierarchy, location of sub-catchments and the direction of river basin area increase. As a result, determinants of the spatial development of hydrological drought as well as its importance in the hydrographical structure were identified. Furthermore, the intensity of drought was evaluated and all investigated indices were applied to a time series analysis.
Analysis of quality of life in women treated for incontinence dependent on sociodemographic factors
Authors: Kanadys Katarzyna , Szczekala Katarzyna , Stadnicka Grażyna , Woźnica Ewelina , Wiktor Henryk 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Introduction. Urinary incontinence (UI) constitutes involuntary leakage of urine and concerns an increasing number of women. It usually occurs in perimenopausal period; however, it may occur any time. Symptoms typical of incontinence cause massive discomfort that can affect the quality of life (QoL).

Aim. The assessment of the QoL in women suffering from UI dependent on sociodemographic variables.

Material and methods. The research encompassed 102 patients of the gynaecological wards of the Independent Clinical Hospital No 1 in Lublin and the Independent Public Clinical Hospital No 4 in Lublin. The inclusion criterion was as follows female patients diagnosed with urinary incontinence and treated in hospital. The study was voluntary and anonymous. The research project was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of Lublin (No KE-0254/25/2016). The method of diagnostic survey was applied by means of the authors’ own questionnaire and the King’s Health Questionnaire (KHQ). The statistical analysis of the data results was carried out and p<0.05 was assumed as statistically significant.

Results. Age conditioned the QoL in the females researched regarding the influence of the urinary tract symptoms on their general health, partner relations and sleep. The females over 65 years of age showed worse QoL in comparison with the younger ones. Education did not affect the impact of urinary symptoms on the domains of the QoL using the KHQ. The marital status was a variable that influenced the respondents’ QoL. The married women had better QoL than the widowed or divorced ones. The financial situation conditioned the impact of the urinary symptoms on their general health, physical condition and sleep. The females with the average financial situation had worse QoL than those with good financial situation.

Conclusions. The QoL of women with UI depended on their age, marital status and financial situation. The females over 65 years of age who were widowed or divorced with the average financial situation were characterised by worse QoL than the younger and married women with good financial situation.
Biomarkers in Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease. Still a Long Way to Go
Authors: Ntrinias Theodoros , Papasotiriou Marios , Balta Lamprini , Kalavrizioti Dimitra , Vamvakas Sotirios , Papachristou Evangelos , Goumenos Dimitrios S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The traditional chronic kidney disease (CKD) biomarkers (eGFR based on serum creatinine, sex and age and albuminuria) cannot predict a patient’s individual risk for developing progressive CKD. For this reason, it is necessary to identify novel CKD biomarkers that will be able to predict which patients are prone to develop progressive disease and discriminate between disease processes in different parts of the nephron (glomeruli or tubules).
A good biomarker should change before or simultaneously with lesion development and its changes should correlate strongly with lesion development. Also, there should be a close relationship between severity of injury and amount of detectable biomarker and its levels should decrease with diminishing injury.
Among the large number of molecules under investigation, we have reviewed the most promising ones: NGAL and KIM-1, MCP-1, MMP-9, clusterin, MMP-9, TIMP-1, Procollagen I alpha 1 and suPAR. All these, have been studied as biomarkers for prediction of CKD progression in cohorts of patients with chronic kidney disease of different stages and various aetiologies (proteinuric and non-proteinuric, glomerulonephritides, diabetic, hypertensive and polycystic kidney disease). There is evidence that these molecules could be useful as biomarkers for progressive chronic kidney disease, however, the available data are not enough to draw final conclusions. Further studies with large cohorts and long follow-up are required to identify appropriate biomarkers, that will be able to accurately and reliably define the risk for progressive chronic kidney disease.