bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
F-18 FDG PET brain imaging in symptomatic arthroprosthetic cobaltism
Authors: Bridges Robert L. , Cho Christina S. , Beck Marc R. , Gessner Bradford D. , Tower Stephen S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Imaging studies of cobalt toxicity from cobalt-chromium alloy arthroprosthetics have focused on the local intra-articular and peri-articular presentation from failing joint replacements. Most studies investigating neurological findings have been small case series focused on the clinical findings of memory loss, diminished executive function, tremor, hearing and vision loss, depression, and emotional lability. This study utilizes software-based quantitative analysis of brain metabolism to assess the degree of hypometabolism and areas of susceptibility, determine if a pattern of involvement exists, and measure reversibility of findings after prosthetic revision to cobalt-free appliances.

Methods
Over 48 months, 247 consecutive patients presenting to an orthopedic clinic with an arthroprosthetic joint containing any cobalt-chromium part were screened with whole blood and urine cobalt levels. A clinically validated inventory of 10 symptoms was obtained. Symptomatic patients with a blood cobalt level above 0.4 mcg/L or urine cobalt greater than 1 mcg/L underwent F-18 FDG PET brain imaging. Analysis was performed with FDA-approved quantitative brain analysis software with the pons as the reference region. Control group was the normal brain atlas within the software.

Results
Of the 247 consecutively screened patients, 123 had blood and urine cobalt levels above the threshold. The 69 scanned patients had statistically significant regional hypometabolism and higher symptoms inventory. Fifty-seven patients were retained in the study. Distribution of hypometabolism was in descending order: temporal, frontal, Broca’s areas, anterior cingulate, parietal, posterior cingulate, visual, sensorimotor, thalamic, and lastly caudate. Metal-on-metal (MoM) and metal-on-plastic (MoP) joint replacements produced similar patterns of hypometabolism. Of 15 patients with necessary revision surgery, 8 demonstrated improved metabolism when later re-scanned.

Conclusion
All scanned patients had regions of significant hypometabolism. Neurological toxicity from elevated systemic cobalt levels following arthroprosthetic joint replacement has a pattern of regional susceptibility similar to heavy metals and solvents, differing from classical dementias and may occur at blood and urine cobalt levels as low as 0.4 mcg/L and 1 mcg/L, respectively. Presently accepted thresholds for cobalt exposure and monitoring may need revision. Quantitative F-18 FDG PET brain imaging may aid in the decision process for treatment options and timing of possible medical versus surgical intervention.
Risk Factors for and Prediction Model of Skip Metastasis to Lateral Lymph Nodes in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Hu Daixing , Lin Huapeng , Zeng Xuan , Wang Tielin , Deng Jie , Su Xinliang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCervical lymph node metastasis is a prognostic factor of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Skip metastasis (central lymph node negative and lateral lymph node positive) of PTC is not uncommon. This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the risk factors for skip metastasis in PTC and develop a prediction model for skip metastasis.MethodsA total of 745 PTC patients underwent total thyroidectomy and central plus lateral lymph node dissection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2012 to December 2017. Clinicopathological characteristics were collected and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to detect the risk factors for skip metastasis. A prediction model was established based on the results of multivariate analyses.ResultsThe skip metastasis rate was 9.7% (72/745). Age > 55 years (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.34–5.04, p = 0.004), tumor located in the upper portion (OR 4.15, 95% CI 2.30–7.63, p = 0.001), and unilaterality (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.14–8.23, p = 0.040) were independent risk factors for skip metastasis. Clinically lymph node‐negative (cN0) patients with tumor in the upper portion (24.6%, 43/175) had higher possibility of skip metastasis than those of clinically lateral lymph node‐positive (cN1b) patients (5.9%, 10/169) (p = 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of prediction model was 0.734 and 0.740 in derivation group and validation group, respectively. However, skip metastasis was not associated with tumor‐free survival rate of PTC patients (p = 0.274).ConclusionAge > 55 years, tumor located in the upper portion, and unilaterality may increase the risk of skip metastasis. We developed the first prediction model for skip metastasis based on clinicopathological parameters in PTC patients.
Aflibercept for choroidal neovascularizations secondary to pseudoxanthoma elasticum: a prospective study
Authors: Gliem Martin , Birtel Johannes , Herrmann Philipp , Fimmers Rolf , Berger Moritz , Coch Christoph , Wingen Almut , Holz Frank G. , Charbel Issa Peter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the use of 2 mg intravitreal aflibercept for treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to angioid streaks in patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE).

Methods
In this 12-month prospective, open-label, uncontrolled, non-randomized interventional clinical trial, 15 PXE patients with CNV (mean age: 53 years, range 22–65) received one initial intravitreal injection of 2 mg aflibercept. Further injections were based on CNV activity at monthly examinations. The primary endpoint was change of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after 12 months. Secondary outcomes were change of central retinal thickness (CRT), leakage from CNV, retinal sensitivity, and vision-related quality of life.

Results
BCVA improved from 75.0 ± 10.8 (± SD, Snellen equivalent 20/32) to 79.3 ± 7.3 ETDRS letters (20/32) at final visit (p = 0.083). CRT decreased from 317 ± 81 to 279 ± 51 μm (p = 0.004). Retinal sensitivity on microperimetry changed from 17.8 ± 4.5 to 18.5 ± 4.3 dB (p = 0.103) and vision-related quality of life from a VQF-25 score of 80.7 ± 10.4 to 83.5 ± 14.5 (p = 0.554). The mean number of injections was 6.7 ± 2.6, and 5 participants had persistent or reactivated CNV activity at final visit. The observed adverse events were comparable with studies on aflibercept for other indications.

Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that intravitreal aflibercept is a treatment option for CNV secondary to PXE.
Maternal personality traits moderate treatment response in the Multimodal Treatment Study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Perez Algorta Guillermo , MacPherson Heather A. , Arnold L. Eugene , Hinshaw Stephen P. , Hechtman Lily , Sibley Margaret H. , Owens Elizabeth B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSome mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present with maladaptive personality profiles (high neuroticism, low conscientiousness). The moderating effect of maternal personality traits on treatment outcomes for childhood ADHD has not been examined. We evaluate whether maternal neuroticism and conscientiousness moderated response in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD. This is one of the first studies of this type. In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), 579 children aged 7–10 (M = 8.5); 19.7% female; 60.8% White with combined-type ADHD were randomly assigned to systematic medication management (MedMgt) alone, comprehensive multicomponent behavioral treatment (Beh), their combination (Comb), or community comparison treatment-as-usual (CC). Latent class analysis and linear mixed effects models included 437 children whose biological mothers completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory at baseline. A 3-class solution demonstrated best fit for the NEO: MN&MC = moderate neuroticism and conscientiousness (n = 284); HN&LC = high neuroticism, low conscientiousness (n = 83); LN&HC = low neuroticism, high conscientiousness (n = 70). Per parent-reported symptoms, children of mothers with HN&LC, but not LN&HC, had a significantly better response to Beh than to CC; children of mothers with MN&MC and LN&HC, but not HN&LC, responded better to Comb&MedMgt than to Beh&CC. Per teacher-reported symptoms, children of mothers with HN&LC, but not LN&HC, responded significantly better to Comb than to MedMgt. Children of mothers with high neuroticism and low conscientiousness benefited more from behavioral treatments (Beh vs. CC; Comb vs. MedMgt) than other children. Evaluation of maternal personality may aid in treatment selection for children with ADHD, though additional research on this topic is needed.
The safety and effectiveness of chenodeoxycholic acid treatment in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: two retrospective cohort studies
Authors: Verrips Aad , Dotti Maria Teresa , Mignarri Andrea , Stelten Bianca M. L. , Verma Sue , Federico Antonio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) treatment in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX).MethodsTwo retrospective cohort studies were conducted in CTX patients who underwent CDCA treatment: one in the Netherlands (NL; CDCA-STUK-15-001) and one in Italy (IT; CDCA-STRCH-CR-14-001). Eligible patients were aged 2–75 years, had been diagnosed with CTX, and were treated with CDCA orally for ≥1 year. The impact of CDCA treatment on biochemical markers (including serum cholestanol levels) and disease signs and symptoms were assessed, in addition to the safety and tolerability of CDCA treatment.ResultsA total of 35 patients were screened in the NL study and were diagnosed with CTX at 25.6 (± 13.7 SD) years on average. These patients were treated with CDCA and followed up for a median of 9.00 (range: 0.4–26.3) years. In addition, 28 patients were enrolled in the IT study and were diagnosed at 35.0 (± 11.4 SD) years on average (median duration of CDCA treatment: 5.75 [range: 0.0–25.0] years). Signs and symptoms of disease resolved, improved, or remained stable in many patients, with concomitant improvements in biochemical marker levels (serum cholestanol,p< 0.001; 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one,p< 0.001 [IT study]).ConclusionsThe outcomes of these retrospective cohort studies indicate that CDCA is effective in the long-term treatment of CTX, with an acceptable safety profile.
A case study and implication: particle finite element modelling of the 2010 Saint-Jude sensitive clay landslide
Authors: Zhang Xue , Wang Liang , Krabbenhoft Kristian , Tinti Stefano 
Published: December 2019

AbstractModelling of landslides in sensitive clays has long been recognised as a challenge. The strength reduction of sensitive clays when undergoing plastic deformation makes the failure proceed in a progressive manner such that a small slope failure may lead to a series of retrogressive failures and thus to an unexpected catastrophic landslide. The clay in the entire process may mimic both solid-like (when it is intact) and fluid-like (when fully remoulded, especially for quick clays) behaviours. Thereby, a successful numerical prediction of landslides in sensitive clays requires not only a robust numerical approach capable of handling extreme material deformation but also a sophisticated constitutive model to describe the complex clay behaviour. In this paper, the particle finite element method (PFEM) associated with an elastoviscoplastic model with strain softening is adopted for the reconstruction of the 2010 Saint-Jude landslide, Quebec, Canada, and detailed comparisons between the simulation results and available data are carried out. It is shown that the present computational framework is capable of quantitatively reproducing the multiple rotational retrogressive failure process, the final run-out distance and the retrogression distance of the Saint-Jude landslide. Furthermore, the failure mechanism and the kinematics of the Saint-Jude landslide and the influence of the clay viscosity are investigated numerically, and in addition, their implications to real landslides in sensitive clays are discussed.
An Exploratory Study of Imagining Sounds and “Hearing” Music in Autism
Authors: Bacon Alex , Beaman C. Philip , Liu Fang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) reportedly possess preserved or superior music-processing skills compared to their typically developing counterparts. We examined auditory imagery and earworms (tunes that get “stuck” in the head) in adults with ASD and controls. Both groups completed a short earworm questionnaire together with the Bucknell Auditory Imagery Scale. Results showed poorer auditory imagery in the ASD group for all types of auditory imagery. However, the ASD group did not report fewer earworms than matched controls. These data suggest a possible basis in poor auditory imagery for poor prosody in ASD, but also highlight a separability between auditory imagery and control of musical memories. The separability is present in the ASD group but not in typically developing individuals.
Positive legacy effect of previous legume proportion in a ley on the performance of a following crop of Lolium multiflorum
Authors: Fox Aaron , Suter Matthias , Widmer Franco , Lüscher Andreas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aims
We investigated the legacy effects of a previous ley’s legume proportion on the performance of a following grass crop in a rotation.

Methods
In April 2015, a pure Lolium multiflorum L. crop was sown after the removal of legume containing swards (0–100% legumes), and was harvested four times over the following one-year period (3 times in 2015 and once the following April 2016). Labeled 15N fertilizer (50 kg N ha−1) was applied during the 2nd and 3rd re-growth periods to determine N fluxes.

Results
Across the one-year period, a significant legume-legacy induced increase in biomass yield of L. multiflorum was observed over the entire range of previous legume proportions when compared against the non-legume ley, the effect being 2.15 and 1.73 t ha−1 (P ≤ 0.001 each) in swards with 50% and 100% previous legume proportion, respectively, or up to +31%. The legume-legacy effect on biomass yield was most pronounced at the 1st harvest (June) and persisted into the 2nd harvest in August (P ≤ 0.05 both, over the entire range of previous legume proportion), though was no longer evident at the 3rd harvest (September). Importantly, the legume-legacy effect returned in the 4th harvest in April (P ≤ 0.05). Examining the source of N contributing to N yield confirmed that more N was derived from the soil at harvest 1 and 2 for previous legume containing leys (P ≤ 0.001) compared to those which contained no legumes, with a significant increase still seen for legume mixtures at harvest 3 (P ≤ 0.01).

Conclusions
The results demonstrate a sustained soil-transferred performance-enhancing legacy effect on a following crop in a rotation, with previous legume proportions of 50% having a comparable effect compared with that of a previous legume monoculture.
Macroalgal Bioindicators of Recovery from Eutrophication in a Tidal Lagoon Following Wastewater Diversion and Earthquake Disturbance
Authors: Barr Neill , Zeldis John , Scheuer Kristin , Schiel David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTogether, macroalgal tissue biochemical nitrogen indices (N-indices) and macroalgal abundance can be used as bioindicators of N-enrichment in estuaries. In this study, we examine the extent and rates of response of Ulva bioindicators during rapid N-enrichment perturbations in the eutrophic Avon-Heathcote Estuary (AHE) (Christchurch, New Zealand). With the diversion of the city’s wastewater discharge away from the estuary in March 2010, a ~ 90% reduction in the estuary’s N-concentration was expected. In turn, this was expected to reduce macroalgal biomass and improve the overall trophic condition of the estuary. We surveyed Ulva bioindicators over a five-year period spanning the diversion. There was a rapid (within one year) transition away from eutrophic condition reflected in N-indices (tissue-chlorophyll, -free amino acids, -N and -δ15N) following wastewater diversion, towards values corresponding with ‘cleaner’ water quality. This was accompanied by large reductions in Ulva percent cover, based on seasonal surveys conducted from 2001 to 2014. However, two large earthquakes in February and June 2011 caused a breakdown of the city’s wastewater infrastructure, resulting in overflows of untreated sewage into the estuary between February and November 2011. The re-enrichment of N and changes in N-sources (treated versus untreated sewage) were rapidly reflected in Ulva bioindicators, notably δ15N. Following repair of infrastructure, Ulva bioindicators again reverted towards a less eutrophic state. Overall, bioindicators were sensitive to changes in N-availability and N-source, and useful for identifying the position of algal populations on a eutrophic-to-oligotrophic gradient. These attributes demonstrated their utility as adjuncts to water quality monitoring and algal biomass surveys.
Coupling to Variant Information: an Ecological Account of Comparative Mental Imagery Generation
Authors: Sims Matthew 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAction-based theories of cognition place primary emphasis upon the role that agent-environment coupling plays in the emergence of psychological states. Prima facie, mental imagery seems to present a problem for some of these theories because it is understood to be stimulus-absent and thus thought to be decoupled from the environment. However, mental imagery is much more multifaceted than this “naïve” view suggests. Focusing on a particular kind of imagery, comparative mental imagery generation, this paper demonstrates that although such imagery is stimulus-absent, it is also stimulus-sensitive. Exhibiting stimulus-sensitivity is sufficient for a process to qualify as coupled to the environment. The notion of variant coupling is explicated as the coupling of a cognizer’s perceptual system to variant environmental information. By demarcating the categories of stimulus-absent and stimulus-sensitive cognition, and variant and invariant coupling, this paper expands the conceptual apparatus of action-based theories, suggesting not only a way to address the problem that comparative mental imagery generation presents, but perhaps a way to account for other forms of imagery too.
A Thematic Analysis of the Online Discussion Board, FrankTalk, Regarding Penile Implant
Authors: Lu Jennifer Y. , Miller Eric J. , Welliver Charles 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionMedical websites and discussion boards are commonly used by patients to obtain information. The online forum FrankTalk.org provides a venue specifically for men to discuss sexual dysfunction and particularly inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP). By querying and better understanding the content of this forum related to implants, we can better understand patient concerns before and after IPP.AimThe aim of this study is to understand the main topics being discussed about IPPs online and to use these topics to understand patient concerns and patient needs and to improve care.MethodsMessages posted in a 6-month window from January 2018 to June 2018 under the topic “Implant” were identified on FrankTalk.org. Posts were broken down into preoperative and postoperative and then organized using a 3-stage analysis to determine central themes of each post: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding.Main Outcome MeasureThe primary outcome measure is the prevalence of each selective code.ResultsOf all 587 posts, 304 were written preoperatively with the most common theme being “Size” (23.0%), followed by “seeking support” (18.4%). 283 posts were considered postoperative, of which the most common theme was “Concern about healing” (22.6 %) which questioned if they needed to see a physician, followed by size concerns (20.1%).When analyzed with the 3-stage coding system, there were a total of 41 axial codes which were organized into 6 selective codes: “Social Support” (27.8% of all posts), “Pre-Operative Worries” (23.58%),“Technical Issues” (11.1%), “Prosthesis Logistics” (14.37%), “Post-Operative Worries” (20.22%), “Forum and Misc” (2.93%) for topics outside the scope of penile prosthesis.Clinical ImplicationsThe percentage of men seeking medical opinion is concerning, and providers should consider using resources to better educate patients on normal postoperative findings. Implanters should continue to preoperatively counsel patients on size-related changes with surgery.Strength & LimitationsStrengths include the use of a common online website for men to discuss IPPs and a systematic coding system. Limitations include the applicability of these results to nonheterosexual men as these are likely oversampled in this population. The inherent bias of those willing to post on an online forum may have influenced results along with no oversight for factual accuracy.ConclusionPatients use online discussion boards like FrankTalk.org for social support, medical advice, and validation of their concerns. Providers should be aware of these online topic focuses to help open a discussion with patients about concerns they may feel are difficult to approach with providers.
Application of GO methodology in reliability analysis of aircraft flap hydraulic system
Authors: Ma J. , Duan F. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe Goal-Oriented methodology (GO methodology) is an effective method for the reliability analysis of complex systems. It is especially suitable for the reliability analysis of multi-state complex systems containing the actual logistics, such as current, airflow and liquid flow. In order to solve the limitation that the GO methodology is not suitable for the reliability analysis of the system with feedback loop, the Boolean algebra idea is introduced to construct the Boolean operation formula of the feedback loop. In this paper, a certain type of civil aircraft flap hydraulic system with feedback loop is taken as the research object. According to the structural schematic diagram of the flap hydraulic system, the GO model of the flap hydraulic system is established. Next, the GO calculation is carried out to obtain the reliability of the flap hydraulic system. The comparison between the system reliability without feedback loop and that with feedback loop proves that the GO methodology with feedback loop is more accurate. The reliability of the system is analyzed by using the fault tree analysis (FTA) method, and the GO methodology with feedback loop is compared with the FTA method to verify the availability and correctness of the GO methodology in the reliability analysis and safety evaluation of aircraft flap hydraulic system.
Happiness, public policy and the notion of development
Authors: ROJAS MARIANO 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Happiness Movement is moving from research to action; this contribution discusses some public policy issues that emerge in this process. The paper also states that the Happiness Movement proposes a new notion of development and a new narrative of social progress. The contribution argues that wellbeing is a goal of governments, but also, fundamentally, a goal of societies.