bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of intravenous oxycodone hydrochloride versus flurbiprofen axetil on analgesia in patients with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation: a multicenter randomized controlled study Running title: The effect of intravenous oxycodone hydrochloride versus flurbiprofen axetil on analgesia
Authors: Yuan Zhennan , Xue Yujuan , Li Dawei , Ji Hongsheng , Wang Haijun , Cao Fang , Qu Shining , Huang Chulin , Wang Hao , Zhang Hao , Xing Xue-zhong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Trial design
The design of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two
analgesic drugs in the intervention of pain events for patients on
mechanical ventilation.

Methods
414 patients from three hospitals with respiratory failure
requiring mechanical ventilation were randomly assigned to
oxycodone hydrochloride or flurbiprofen axetil. The primary
endpoints is the difference in the proportion of patients with a
Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) score > 5 within 48 hours. The
secondary endpoints is to compare the dosage of sedative drugs
(midazolam, propofol, dexmedetomidine) and to assess the clinical
outcomes such as duration of mechanical ventilation.

Results T
here was no significant difference in BPS scores between the two
groups at enrollment, and BPS scores in oxycodone group were
significantly lower than those in flurbiprofen axetil group at 24
and 48 hours of enrollment. The proportion of patients with BPS
less than 5 points in the Oxycodone hydrochloride group was also
significantly lower than that in the flurbiprofen axetil group. For
patients with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II
(APACHE II )score greater than 10, subgroup analysis showed that
the mechanical ventilation time of oxycodone hydrochloride group
was significantly lower than that of flurbiprofen axetil group with
statistical significance, and the dosage of midazolam was
significantly lower than that of flurbiprofen axetil group. The
length of ICU stay was significantly lower than that of
flurbiprofen axetil group.

Conclusion
Oxycodone hydrochloride was more potent than flurbiprofen axetil
for analgesia for patients with respiratory failure requiring
mechanical ventilation.
Crispr Cas9 fluorine-containing PEI nanomedicine inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by knocking out NEDD8-E2 conjugase UBC12 (UBE2M)
Authors: Zhang Zhanxia , Li Hegen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Knocking out the oncogene UBC12 with Crispr Cas9 can inhibit the Neddylation pathway and lead to excellent anticancer effect. However, how to deliver Crispr Cas9 into tumor cells is an urgent scientific problem. Based on the application of polyethyleneimine and its derivative (GMP in vivo-jetPEI) in clinical trials, we constructed fluorine-containing PEI to deliver Crispr Cas9 plasmid. In order to reduce the off-target effect of Crispr Cas9 nanomedicine, the targeting molecule TLS11a aptamer was modified on the surface of genetic nanomedicine to improve the efficiency of initiative. The experimental results showed that the released plasmid of Crispr Cas9 inhibited Neddylation by knocking out UBC12, thus achieving the goal of inhibiting the growth of tumor cells. The design of this genetic nanomedicine provides a scientific basis for the construction of non-viral genetic nanomedicine.
Joint and Interactive Effects of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone on 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk: The Mediating Role of the Triglyceride-Glucose Index in Women Undergoing Menopausal Transition
Authors: Cui Shihua , Cui Luqian , Zheng Xu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
During the menopausal transition, the relationship between serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is controversial. Furthermore, little was known on the interactive and joint effects of FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) on CVD risk. This study aimed to assess the interactive and joint effect of FSH and LH on 10-year atherosclerotic CVD risk and investigate the mediating role of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in women undergoing menopausal transition.
Methods
Data from 3,689 women aged 35–60 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Serum FSH and LH levels were measured, and CVD risk scores were calculated using a sex-specific Framingham risk algorithm. Associations between hormone levels, CVD risk scores, and the TyG index were assessed using general and logistic regression models. The weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was used to evaluate joint effects, while mediation analysis tested the mediating role of TyG.
Results
Higher serum FSH and LH levels can contribute to increased CVD risk across all menopausal stages. Notably, a positive interaction between FSH and LH was observed in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, with higher joint levels linked to elevated CVD risk (β: 1.213, 2.127, and 1.046; 95% CI: 0.353, 2.072, 1.493, 2.761, and 0.300, 1.793; P = 0.006, < 0.001, and = 0.006, respectively). The WQS index of serum FSH and LH levels was positively associated with CVD risk (β: 0.578, 95% CI: 0.246, 0.911, P = 0.001 for premenopausal women; β: 1.356, 95% CI: 1.127, 1.586, P < 0.001 for perimenopausal women; and β: 0.696, 95% CI: 0.430, 0.961, P < 0.001 for postmenopausal women). The TyG index mediated the relationship between hormone levels and CVD risk in postmenopausal women, with a mediation proportion of 20.60% for FSH and 31.44% for LH.
Conclusions
Elevated levels of FSH and LH are separately and jointly associated with a higher 10-year CVD risk in women undergoing menopausal transition. The TyG index significantly mediates this relationship, particularly in postmenopausal women. These findings highlight that targeted interventions addressing FSH, LH, and metabolic health to mitigate CVD risk are necessary in menopausal women.
Comparative study for assessment of two different minimally invasive caries eradication techniques
Authors: Elmarakby Ahmed M. , Habib Shaimaa F.K. , Elsebaey Labib M.L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Conventional method of using carbide burs on high-speed handpiece for caries eradication has long been shown to be quite successful. Nevertheless, it has several disadvantages, including heat generation, harmful effects on the pulp, the requirement for local anesthetic, excessive dentin removal, and patient discomfort.
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare and assess time consumption and the caries removal effectiveness of two different minimally invasive caries eradication techniques using Smart prep bur II and Brix 3000.
Materials and Methodology: Forty newly extracted carious human permanent premolars were collected from patients between the ages of fourteen and twenty-four years. Teeth were extracted for orthodontic reasons in most cases. Caries should be deep but without pulp involvement and all teeth have only one surface caries (mesial or distal Class II carious lesions). Samples have been collected, cleaned from any remnants or debris and stored in formalin solution until starting the experiment. According to the type of minimally invasive procedure, teeth were divided into two groups (n=20). Infected carious dentin for each group was removed using Smart prep bur II (polymer bur) or Brix 3000 (caries dissolving enzymes). After caries removal, cavity was checked by caries detector dye to ensure complete removal of infected carious dentin otherwise procedures were repeated. Two parameters were assessed: time consumption and caries removal efficacy for each minimally invasive type. Cavities were inspected by stereomicroscopy and caries removal was categorized after application of caries detector dye. Data was collected, tabulated and results was compared statistically.
Results: Regarding the amount of time needed for soft caries eradication and the efficacy of total amount removed of infected dentine, there was no statistically significant difference found between the two techniques.
Conclusion: within the limitation of this in-vitro study, both Smart Prep bur II and BRIX 3000 are efficient methods for caries eradication by minimally invasive approach. However, both are time consuming methods and dentist need to check well the cavity using caries detector dyes to ensure complete eradication of infected dentin that -in most cases- are not removed completely from the first trial by those methods.
Acute effects of visual and olfactory nature stimuli on task performance
Authors: Chandramouli Sarayu , Katabattuni Suma , Palma Marco , Maddock Jay E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Nature exposure enhances human experiences and supports overall wellbeing including physiological (stress), emotional (mood), and mental (focus) benefits. However, existing workplace design literature – typically indoors, and sensory-restricted, focuses mainly on nature views, despite nature being a multisensory experience. Rooted in Attention Restoration Theory (ART), Stress Reduction Theory (SRT), and "smellscape”, this study implemented a between-subjects controlled 2x2 experiment to explore how nature views and scents independently and in-combination influence workplace performance, measuring real-effort performance and physiological metrics including stress, attention, memory recall, reasoning skills, risk aversion, and cheating behaviors. Across 256 participants, results show that nature views enhance cognitive performance, boost positive emotions, and reduce anxiety. Introducing scents alongside visual stimuli further amplifies these benefits. Physiologically, both stimuli reduced blink rates, indicating lower anxiety levels compared to nature-absent settings. Our findings highlight the substantial benefits of incorporating nature passively and inexpensively into the workplace. By selecting cognitive tasks that mirror real-world office tasks, this study advances understanding of the connection between nature and cognition in offices, offering insights into creating environments that enhance productivity and well-being.
Contrastive Learning of Categories Features Representations for the Recognition of Underwater Target with Shot-few Annotations Samples
Authors: Lingzhi Xue , Dongdong Lu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Underwater acoustic target recognition based on deep learning is complex owing to the shot-few annotation samples, moreover, the imbalance between classes of annotation samples. In this study, a contrast-based semi-supervised network (CBSN) is proposed for accurately recognizing the underwater targets at near-sea areas where a limited number of annotations samples with imbalance are obtained. This algorithm first designs an unsupervised contrast learning network, which uses the features distinction between positive and negative unannotated samples to contrast learning. The significant recognition features of the unannotated samples are extracted adaptively. Secondly, the feature extraction network is chosen in unsupervised networks representing high-dimensional annotations samples' features. Thus, the practical features for recognition in the annotated samples are obtained. Thirdly, contrast learning loss for underwater acoustic signals is designed to improve recognition accuracy. Extensive experiments on multiple supervised networks and semi-supervised networks demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework showing that it can extract helpful recognition features for shot-few samples using the mutual guidance between annotated and unannotated samples. Further validation of the feature extraction performance shows that the network has excellent recognition of unbalanced shot-few samples.
Global burden and trends of chronic kidney disease, and regional differences in its underlying etiologies: based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Deng Ling , Guo Shujin , Liu Yuping , Zhou Yaojia , Liu Youren , Zheng Xiaoxia , Yu Xijie , Shuai Ping 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
We aimed to investigate the global burden and trends of chronic kidney disease, and regional differences in its attributable causes.
Methods
We summarized the results of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 to derive the disease burden of CKD by considering four distinct types of epidemiological data, namely incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The Joinpoint regression analysis was used to estimate the global trend for CKD from 1990 to 2021. This method facilitates the calculation of annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC).
Results
The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate of CKD were more prominent in regions with Low and Low-middle socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles. Globally, the number one cause of death for CKD was type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Globally, the most common cause of prevalence, incidence, and DALYs for CKD was the other and unspecified causes. The main causes of death and DALYs from CKD vary in different parts of the world. The disease burden of CKD increases with age. In most age groups, the global prevalence and incidence of CKD were higher in females than males. At all ages, the global mortality and DALYs rate of CKD were higher in males compared to females. Joint point regression analysis found that from 1990 to 2021 the global ASPR revealed a downward trend, while ASIR, ASMR, and age-standardized DALYs rate showed an upward trend, with the most notable increase in ASMR during the 1997–2000 period and in age-standardized DALYs rate during the 1996–2003 period.
Conclusions
The global burden of CKD is significant. The study unveiled the uneven global distribution of the burden of CKD and its attributable causes. From 1990 to 2021, an increase in the burden of incidence, mortality, and DALYs due to CKD was observed. Population growth and aging will contribute to a further increase in the burden of CKD. Healthcare providers should develop health policies, and optimize the allocation of medical resources, based on age, sex, region, and disease type.
Retrospective evaluation of the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors compared to ER and PR levels in hormone receptor positive HER2 negative metastatic breast cancer patient
Authors: Uguztemur Esma , Salim Derya Kivrak , Oztürk Banu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

CDK4/6 inhibitors with aromatase inhibitors as the first-line standard-of-care in hormone receptor (HR) positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)- negative advanced breast cancer. Phase III studies examining CDK4/6 inhibitors have not identified significant predictive or prognostic markers.In this study, we aimed to restrospectively evaluate the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors according to ER and PR levels in HR+, HER2 (-) metastatic breast cancer.
Methods
171 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups as ER level ≥90 (n=119) and <90 (n=52). Demographic characteristics, histopathologic findings, menopausal status, presence of visceral metastases, treatment response and side effects were evaluated in both groups.
Results
The mean age was 55 years, 75% of the patients were postmenopausal and 67% were denova metastatic. Visceral metastases were present in 73% of the patients, 53% of the patients had received this treatment second line and beyond. 87% of the patients had clinical benefit, 12% were primary non-responders. Patients with ER<90 were younger, higher grade (p=0.018), had more liver metastases (p=0.009),reached CDK4/6 therapy later, and had shorter follow-up. Duration of response(DOR ) was statistically longer in those who received first-line treatment (21.3 months vs. 11 months, p=0.034).
In the ER≥90 group, OS was not reached independently of the treatment line, while in the <90 group, OS was not reached in the first-line group and 30 months in the second-line group. The longer time until CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy was associated with statistically significant shorter OS (NR-33.9 months p=0.019) and no significant impact of PR level or HER2 status on overall survival. Median PFS was 50 months, with no statistical differences based on ER and PR levels. Receiving second or later line therapy significantly shortened PFS.
Conclusions
In this study, it was observed that the levels of ER and PR were not predictive or prognostic in patients receiving CDK4/6 inhibitor. However, the time until the initiation of treatment impacted OS and PFS, with PR levels being associated with more aggressive disease.
An Analysis of Sexual Health Behaviors and Sociodemographic Characteristics Influencing HIV Knowledge and Current Status in Bexar County, Texas
Authors: Delgado Adolph J. , Cossman Jeralynn S. , BeLue Rhonda 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: This study examines sexual health behaviors and sociodemographic factors influencing HIV knowledge and status among residents of Bexar County, Texas—a key region in South Texas with nearly 3 million residents, primarily of Hispanic/Latino descent. Identified as an End the HIV Epidemic (EHE) targeted county, Bexar County faces significant social determinants that restrict access to timely and regular health services.
A cross-sectional study (n = 389) was conducted under the EHE initiative to explore these factors, focusing particularly on sociodemographic factors and behaviors linked to individual-level HIV knowledge and status, in particular among men who have sex with men (MSM).
Results: The analysis revealed that MSM participants were significantly more likely to be sexually active (OR = 3.47; 95% CI: 0.78-15.50; p = .103) and engage in anal sex (OR = 8.40; 95% CI: 1.33-52.94; p = .023), which are behaviors associated with higher HIV knowledge. Employment status was another significant predictor, with employed MSM more likely to have HIV knowledge compared to those unemployed (OR = 10.59; 95% CI: 1.39-80.83; p = .023). Among non-MSM participants, those who were sexually active were significantly more likely to have HIV knowledge (OR = 3.33; 95% CI: 1.53-7.22; p = .002) and use condoms consistently (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.28-2.54; p < .001). Conversely, higher income levels were associated with lower HIV knowledge among non-MSM participants (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.68-0.91; p = .001). Regarding HIV positivity, MSM who were sexually active had significantly lower odds of being HIV positive (OR = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.002-0.62; p = .021), while higher education levels were linked to a reduced likelihood of HIV positivity (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13-0.69; p= .005).
Conclusions:
These findings underscore the need for targeted HIV testing and educational interventions that account for behavioral and sociodemographic differences between groups. By enhancing early detection and prevention strategies, the study aligns with the Diagnose pillar of the EHE initiative, contributing to more effective HIV management and control in regions similarly impacted by the epidemic.
Distance decay of plant and fungal communities depends on microtopography in the Arctic tundra
Authors: Masumoto Shota , Kitagawa Ryo , Kaneko Ryo , Nishizawa Keita , Matsuoka Shunsuke , Uchida Masaki , Mori Akira S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Distance decay of biological community similarity exists at global and local scales. Although fine-scale environmental heterogeneity and stress-tolerant organisms of the Arctic likely promote distance decay at local scales in tundra ecosystems, these dynamics have not been fully tested. Here, we got community data of plant and fungi in 216 plots including along slope gradients, at the Pond Inlet on northern Baffin Island. Community similarity was calculated between plots sampled in random combinations, and variations in this similarity with geographic distance and environmental variables were assessed. Our results show that distance decay occurred at a habitat scale. However, the mechanisms underlying differences in distance decay varied between habitats and taxa. Specifically, distance decay in the middle of the slope was caused by increasing environmental heterogeneity with spatial extent. The predictive factors for distance decay in the top and bottom habitats differed among taxa. The distance decay tendency disappeared when a combination of plots that presented variations in topography were sampled, suggesting that distance decay was not a dominant effect across the study area. However, our results also suggest that the effect of topography on communities in the slope direction and the effect of distance decay on communities in the horizontal direction may interfere with each other, making the respective effects less observable. The spatial dependence of community similarity, even within a few meters to kilometers, should be considered when designing studies aimed at capturing the community structure in tundra ecosystems.
Solvent Engineering of SnO 2 ETL for Enhanced Performance of Carbon-Based CsPbIBr 2 PSCs
Authors: Du Tianheng , Jin Liguo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This study thoroughly investigates the effects of different solvent engineering strategies on the structure and properties of SnO2 electron transport layers (ETLs) and evaluates their performance-enhancing effects on carbon-based all-inorganic CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). By comparing the SnO2 ETLs prepared with ethanol (ET-SnO2) and isopropanol (IPA-SnO2) solvents and constructing corresponding CsPbIBr2 PSCs devices, we comprehensively analysed the structure, morphology, wettability, light transmittance and electronic transport properties of the SnO2 ETLs using characterisation methods such as XRD, SEM, contact angle measurement, transmission spectroscopy, steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Combined with the J-V characteristics of the device, we revealed the mechanism of the effect of solvent engineering on the performance of PSCs. The results showed that IPA-SnO2 exhibited better performance with lower contact angle and higher compactness, which is conducive to electron transport and reduces interfacial defects. IPA-SnO2 also promoted the growth of CsPbIBr2 crystals, forming larger and denser crystal structures and reducing pinhole defects. In addition, IPA-SnO2 improves the light transmittance of the FTO substrate and the light absorption of the CsPbIBr2 film, thereby increasing the light trapping efficiency. Finally, the IPA-SnO2-based PSCs achieved a PCE of 5.95%, an improvement of 25% compared to ET-SnO2, demonstrating good application prospects. This study provides an important theoretical and experimental basis for optimising the preparation process of SnO2 ETL and improving the performance of carbon-based CsPbIBr2 PSCs.