bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of crystalline and amorphic phenol on characteristics of peptidases and glycosidases in chironomid larvae
Authors: Kuz’mina V. V. , Chornaya E. Y. , Kulivatskaya E. A. , Zolotareva G. V. , Sheptitskiy V. A. 
Published: July 2020

The effects of crystalline and amorphous phenol (0.5 mmol/L) on the characteristics of glycosidases, as well as casein-lytic and hemoglobin-lytic peptidases, which function in the whole body of chironomid larvae Chironomus sp. were studied. Crystalline phenol decreased the activity of glycosidases in comparison to the control in the temperature range 0–50 ºС, amorphous phenol – in the temperature range 0–70 ºС. The temperature optimum of glycosidases in whole body of chironomid larvae in control and experiment corresponds to 50 ºС. The activity of glycosidases in comparison to the control decreased in the pH range 5–11 (to a greater extent in the case of the lower fraction). Amorphous phenol increased the activity of casein-lytic peptidases in comparison to the control in the temperature range of 30–50 ºС, hemoglobin-lytic peptidases – in the temperature range of 0–60 ºС. The degree of the increase of enzyme activity in the temperature optimum zone of casein-lytic and hemoglobin-lytic peptidases was different: the level of enzyme activity in the experiment was higher than in the control by 2.3 and 1.8 times, respectively. The temperature optimum of the studied peptidases of chironomid larvae, regardless of the experimental conditions, corresponds to 40 °C. Crystalline phenol did not actually affect the Q10 values of glycosidases in the temperature range 0–50 °C. Amorphous phenol decreased the Q10 values at a temperature of 40–50 °C. The Q10 values of casein-lytic peptidases increased in most cases, the Q10 values of hemoglobin-lytic peptidases decreased in the presence of amorphous phenol. The process of protein hydrolysis was characterized by a break in the Arrhenius plot at 20 °C. The values of Еact in the range 0–20 °С were lower than in the zone of higher temperatures. The Еact values of the process of casein hydrolysis by peptidases of all tissues of chironomid larvae in the presence of amorphous phenol in both temperature zones increased. The Еact values of the process of hemoglobin hydrolysis by peptidases of all tissues of chironomid larvae in the presence of amorphous phenol in both temperature zones decreased. The Еact values of the process of starch hydrolysis in the presence of crystalline phenol decreased. The amorphous phenol changed the Еact values in different directions. They slightly increased in the presence of the phenol upper fraction, but they decreased in the presence of the phenol lower fraction. The data obtained indicate a significant effect of crystalline and amorphous phenol not only on activity, but also on the characteristics of peptidases and glycosidases that function in the whole body of chironomid larvae.
Metoclopramide, Dexamethasone, or Palonosetron for Prevention of Delayed Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting After Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy (MEDEA): A Randomized, Phase III, Noninferiority Trial
Authors: van der Vorst Maurice J.D.L. , Toffoli Elisa C. , Beusink Marlien , van Linde Myra E. , van Voorthuizen Theo , Brouwer Saskia , van Zweeden Annette A. , Vrijaldenhoven Suzan , Berends Johan C. , Berkhof Johannes , Verheul Henk M.W. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
For the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) during the delayed phase (24–120 hours) after moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC), the use of 3-day dexamethasone (DEX) is often recommended. This study compared the efficacy and safety of two DEX-sparing regimens with 3-day DEX, focusing on delayed nausea.

Patients and Methods
This open-label, randomized, phase III study was designed to demonstrate noninferiority of two DEX-sparing regimens: ondansetron + DEX on day 1 + metoclopramide on days 2–3 (MCP arm), and palonosetron + DEX on day 1 (PAL arm) versus ondansetron on day 1 + DEX on days 1–3 (DEX arm) in chemotherapy-naïve patients receiving MEC. Primary efficacy endpoint was total control (TC; no emetic episodes, no use of rescue medication, no nausea) in the delayed phase. Noninferiority was defined as a lower 95% CI greater than the noninferiority margin set at −20%. Secondary endpoints included no vomiting, no rescue medication, no (significant) nausea, impact of CINV on quality of life, and antiemetics-associated side effects.

Results
Treatment arms were comparable for 189 patients analyzed: predominantly male (55.7%), median age 65.0 years, colorectal cancer (85.7%), and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy (81.5%). MCP demonstrated noninferiority to DEX for delayed TC (MCP 56.1% vs. DEX 50.0%; 95% CI, −11.3%, 23.5%). PAL also demonstrated noninferiority to DEX (PAL 55.6% vs. DEX 50.0%; 95% CI, −12.0%, 23.2%). There were no statistically significant differences for all secondary endpoints between treatment arms.

Conclusion
This study showed that DEX-sparing regimens are noninferior to multiple-day DEX in terms of delayed TC rate in patients undergoing MEC. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier. NCT02135510.

Implications for Practice
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in the delayed phase (24–120 hours after chemotherapy) remains one of the most troublesome adverse effects associated with cancer treatment. In particular, delayed nausea is often poorly controlled. The role of dexamethasone (DEX) in the prevention of delayed nausea after moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) is controversial. This study is the first to include nausea assessment as a part of the primary study outcome to better gauge the effectiveness of CINV control and patients’ experience. Results show that a DEX-sparing strategy does not result in any significant loss of overall antiemetic control: DEX-sparing strategies incorporating palonosetron or multiple-day metoclopramide are safe and at least as effective as standard treatment with a 3-day DEX regimen with ondansetron in controlling delayed CINV—and nausea in particular—following MEC.
Análise comparativa da gestão da comunicação corporativa em empresas e instituições: o caso da Galiza
Authors: Costa-Sánchez Carmen , Túñez-López José Miguel , Míguez-González María Isabel 
Published: July 2020

O estudo da comunicação enquanto atividade profissional é frequentemente conduzido no contexto de grandes organizações com múltiplos recursos, principalmente em empresas. Esta investigação vem contrariar essa tendência e compara departamentos de comunicação de organizações públicas e privadas, que se situam numa área geográfica afastada dos núcleos socioeconómicos e políticos de Espanha: a Comunidade Autónoma da Galiza. Na Europa, têm vindo a realizar-se alguns trabalhos importantes sobre a prática da comunicação organizacional (Zerfass, Verhoeven, Moreno, Tench & Vercic, 2020), tal como em Espanha (Dircom, 2015), os quais se converteram em referências relevantes para o conhecimento das tendências aplicadas à gestão da comunicação. Ainda assim, as análises que se debruçam sobre organizações de pequena dimensão ou afastadas dos centros de decisão são escassas. A presente investigação pretende preencher esta lacuna ao incidir sobre organizações com diferentes perfis e dimensões, sediadas na Comunidade Autónoma da Galiza. A metodologia aplicada, de carácter quantitativo, privilegiou a realização de inquéritos a responsáveis de comunicação de organizações públicas e privadas galegas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o setor público é aquele que mais usa a comunicação enquanto estratégia e esta é uma conclusão capaz de suscitar o interesse para trabalhos futuros.
Extractos de revistas
Authors: De Obstetricia y Ginecología Federación Colombiana 
Published: July 2020

Dolor de cabeza consecutio a anestesia raquideaT. R. Sweeney, E. S. Casey, E. B. Raheb y J. A. Welna Estudios cinefluorograficos de la vejiga y la uretra en la mujer Curtis J. Lund, Richard E. Fullerton y Theodore A. Tristan Ligaduras arteriales en hemorragias masivas del Cancer CervicalAugust F. Daro, Ernest G. Nora Jr., Harvey A. Collin, Richard E. Towell La relación entre el aumento de peso durante el embarazo y toxemiaJhon S. Fish, R. A. Fiartholomew, E. D. Colvin, W. H. Grines Jr., W. M. Lester y W. H. Galloway
Identification of Edible Macrofungi at Kerandangan Protected Forest & Natural Park, West Lombok Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Hapiz Ahmad , Sukiman Sukiman , Faturrahman Faturrahman , Priambodo Bagus , Rohman Facthur , Susanto Hendra , Putra Wira Eka 
Published: July 2020

Indonesia is considered as a mega-biodiversity country that has a massive amount of vascular and non-vascular plants. The tropical environment condition of Indonesia could support the growth of macrofungi. Information about edible macrofungi from the Forest of Lombok Island is based on limited data. This research aims to characterize the edible macrofungi at Kerandangan Protected Forest & Natural Park, West Lombok Regency, Indonesia. This research was a descriptive and explorative study. The edible mushrooms were observed through the Cruise method by following the particular track inside the forest. The sample found in the forest then documented and evaluated. A morphological analysis procedure was performed to assess the profile and similarity between the microscopic evaluations with the mushrooms identification book. In this study, we also offered a phylogeny analysis based on morphological characters similarity. The Dendogram tree was reconstructed using PAST 3.0. software. The result showed that there are eight species of edible mushrooms found that were group into Basidiomycota, namely, Termitomyces clypeatus, Termitomyces umkowaan, Termitomyces sp.1, Pleorotus flabelatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Coprinus desimenatus, Tremella fuciformis, and Polyporus sp. All of them involved in Basidiomycota. Based on characterization and identification, the species are grouped into three Ordos and five Families. Most of the edible macrofungi found at Kerandangan Protected Forest & Natural Park growth at soil and deadwood.
L’extensification : chance ou défi pour les exploitations agricoles ?
Authors: TIREL J.C. 
Published: July 2020

L’évolution des systèmes de production au cours des trois dernières décennies recouvre à la fois un processus d’intensification à base de capital et d’extensification par rapport aux quantités du travail utilisées. La productivité du travail restera, pour l’avenir, la condition nécessaire de la compétitivité du secteur agricole. Mais la réforme de la PAC induit de nouvelles tendances : baisse des prix, limitations quantitatives de l’offre, incitations financières à une moindre production... Pour des raisons démographiques, beaucoup d’exploitations sont appelées à disparaître au cours des prochaines années, les anticipations pessimistes des agriculteurs peuvent conduire parallèlement à une forte diminution de la superficie agricole utilisée. Des systèmes d’élevage plus extensifs peuvent-ils constituer des solutions viables au niveau des exploitations et de la gestion de l’espace rural ? Certes l’agrandissement des exploitations peut constituer une voie, mais de nouveaux types d’aides resteront nécessaires à court et moyen termes, en attendant que la Recherche soit en mesure d’offrir des solutions plus stables.
Facteurs de variation du rapport des teneurs en matières grasses et protéiques du lait de vache : étude dans les exploitations des Alpes du Nord
Authors: AGABRIEL C. , COULON J.B. , MARTY G. 
Published: July 2020

Soixante deux exploitations laitières des Alpes du Nord ont fait l’objet d’une enquête détaillée concernant à la fois la structure de l’exploitation et du troupeau, la qualité des fourrages et les pratiques alimentaires hivernales et estivales. Ces données ont permis d’analyser les variations de la composition chimique du lait d’une exploitation à l’autre, et en particulier du rapport taux butyreux/taux protéique. Celui-ci a présenté des variations très importantes d’une exploitation à l’autre et d’un mois à l’autre. Selon les exploitations, ces variations sont dues surtout à celles du taux butyreux (cas le plus fréquent), ou plutôt à celles du taux protéique. Les différences de niveau de ce rapport d’une exploitation à l’autre sont difficiles à expliquer par les seules données disponibles : en particulier, compte tenu du type des vaches présentes (Abondance, Tarine et Montbéliarde), l’effet de la race ne semble pas prépondérant. Ce sont les exploitations qui maîtrisent le mieux l’alimentation hivernale et estivale des animaux (et qui présentent par ailleurs des effectifs importants et stables au cours de l’année) qui ont présenté les rapports les plus stables au cours de l’année.
Tendon Turndown to Bridge a Tibialis Anterior Gap and Restore Active Dorsiflexion After Degloving Foot Injury in a Child
Authors: Kopriva John M. , Cheesborough Jennifer , Frick Steven L. 
Published: July 2020

Case:
A child with a severe degloving injury to the dorsum of the foot and ankle had segmental loss of the tibialis anterior tendon and toe extensors. A tendon turndown procedure was used, and the repaired tendon was covered with a latissimus muscle free flap to restore active ankle dorsiflexion. Details of the procedure are described, and active dorsiflexion and functional ambulation were restored.

Conclusions:
The tendon turndown method is a simple and effective way to overcome segmental tendon loss of tibialis anterior and allowed restoration of active dorsiflexion in this case without relying on tendon transfers or grafting.
Gross Stem Taper Failure with Head Dissociation in a Very Active Patient with an Uncemented Femoral Stem
Authors: Polster Valerie , Hube Robert , Morlock Michael M. 
Published: July 2020

Case:
We report a case of gross taper failure (GTF) in a very active 81-year-old man 14 years after index operation. The patient presented with acute hip pain and shortening of the left leg. X-rays showed the dissociation of the head. The stem had to be revised because of the massive stem taper damage.

Conclusion:
This case demonstrates that GTF at the head-stem taper junction following mechanically assisted crevice corrosion is not limited to a specific taper design and material. Other risk factors such as high activity level can lead to this failure pattern also in established stem and taper designs.
Changes in health inequalities for patients with diabetes among middle-aged and elderly in China from 2011 to 2015
Authors: Cao Guizhen , Cui Zhizhen , Ma Qinghua , Wang Congju , Xu Yong , Sun Hongpeng , Ma Yana 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this paper is to measure income-related health inequality among middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetes in China from 2011 to 2015 and to investigate factors that might be related to this inequality.Methods: The data for this study were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study that was carried out in 2011, 2013 and 2015. In total, 48519 Chinese middle-aged and elderly population were included (15457 in 2011, 16576 in 2013 and 16486 in 2015). A principal component analysis was performed to measure asset-based economic status. The concentration index was used to measure income-related inequality in patients with diabetes. Additionally, by used generalized linear model, we decomposed the concentration index to identify factors that explained wealth-related inequality in patients with diabetes.Results: The prevalence of self-reported diabetes among middle-aged and elderly Chinese was 5.61%, 7.49% and 8.99% in 2011, 2013 and 2015, respectively. The concentration indices and 95% confidence intervals for diabetes were 0.1359 (0.0525-0.0597), 0.1207 (0.0709-0.0789), 0.1021 (0.0855-0.0942) in 2011, 2013, and 2015, respectively, which are indicative of inequality that favors the rich. The decomposition of the concentration index showed that residence (39.38%), BMI (31.16%), education (7.28%), and region (6.09%) had positive contributions to the measured inequality in diabetes in China in 2015. Age (-29.93%) had a negative contribution to inequality.Conclusion: The findings confirm a health inequality in diabetes that favor the rich. Furthermore, the inequality declined from 2011 to 2015. We suggest that policy and intervention strategies should be developed to alleviate this health inequality, such as narrow the gap between urban and rural areas by improving the urban-rural medical insurance scheme, implementing strategies to enhance hygiene health education, control obesity rate.
Effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: Umbrella review and quality assessment of systematic reviews
Authors: Melka Alemu Sufa , Chojenta Catherine L , Holliday Elizabeth G , Bali Ayele G , Loxton Deborah J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: In the long term, smoking cessation can decrease the risk of cancer, stroke, and heart attacks and improve overall survival. This umbrella review aimed to assess the effect of pharmacological interventions on smoking cessation and to evaluate the methodological quality of previously conducted systematic reviews. Methods: Databases including the Cochrane library, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar were used to retrieve reviews. Systematic reviews that included only randomized controlled trials designed to assess pharmacotherapeutic interventions supporting abstinence from smoking were considered in this umbrella review. The methodological quality of the included reviews was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) tool, which contains 16 domains. Two authors (AM, AB) screened the titles and abstracts of all reviews obtained by the search strategy, assessed the full text of selected articles for inclusion and extracted data independently. Two authors (AM, AB) also performed a quality appraisal independently. The findings of the studies were narrated qualitatively to describe the evidence regarding the effectiveness of pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation.Results: Ten reviews were included in this umbrella review. Most of the reviews included in this review reported that Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT), bupropion and varenicline and cytisine were effective for smoking cessation. The combination of a nicotine patch with other nicotine formulations was also more effective than monotherapy. Similarly, the combination of nicotine with the non-nicotine therapy varenicline was found to be more effective than varenicline alone. However, the opioid antagonist naltrexone alone was not found to be effective for smoking cessation nor in combination with nicotine replacement therapy. Based on the AMSTAR 2 rating, one review scored high quality, two scored moderate quality, four scored low quality, and three scored critically low quality.Conclusions: This review revealed that drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are effective for smoking cessation. A combination of nicotine patches with other nicotine formulations was also effective for smoking cessation compared to nicotine monotherapy. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO Registration: CRD42017080906
Unraveling the molecular heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes: A potential subtype discovery study followed by metabolic modeling
Authors: Khoshnejat Maryam , Kavousi Kaveh , Banaei-Moghaddam Ali Mohammad , Moosavi-Movahedi Ali Akbar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex multifactorial disease with a high prevalence in the world. Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion are the two major abnormalities in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Skeletal muscle is responsible for over 75% of the glucose uptake, thus plays a critical role in T2DM. Here, we attempted to provide a better understanding of abnormalities in this tissue. MethodsThe muscle gene expression patterns in healthy and newly diagnosed T2DM individuals were explored using supervised and unsupervised classification approach. Moreover, the potential of sub-typing T2DM patients based on the gene expression patterns was evaluated.ResultsA machine-learning technique was applied to identify a gene expression pattern that could discriminate between normoglycemic and diabetic groups. A gene set comprises of 26 genes was found that was able to discriminate healthy from diabetic individuals with 94% accuracy. In addition, three distinct clusters of diabetic patients with different dysregulated genes and metabolic pathways were identified. Conclusions This study implies that it seems the disease has triggered through different cellular/molecular mechanisms, and it has the potential to be categorized in different sub-types. Possibly, subtyping of T2DM patients in combination with their real clinical profiles will provide a better understanding of abnormalities in each group. Thus, this approach will help to recommend the appropriate treatment for each subtype in the future.
Challenges in health service delivery under public-private partnership in Tanzania: Stakeholders’ views from Dar es Salaam Region
Authors: Nuhu Said , Mpambije Chakupewa Joseph , Ngussa Kinamhala 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Public-private partnership in the health sector was introduced to improve the delivery of health services in Tanzania. Contrary, the anticipated outcomes have not been fully realised. This study aimed at investigating challenges encountered in the implementation of public-private partnership institutional arrangements in health service delivery in Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods: A qualitative case study design was used, where in-depth interviews with stakeholders were held and document reviews conducted. Fourteen (n=14) participants engaged in this study. Eight (n=8) and six (n=6) of the fourteen participants were from the public and private sector respectively. Thematic approach was used to analyse data and ethical principles were upheld in the research process.Results: Findings revealed that although public-private partnerships are hailed for supplementing the government’s efforts in the provision of health services, institutional arrangements for the smooth provision of these services is lacking. Several challenges encumber smooth provision of health services and these include inadequate resources, ineffective monitoring and evaluation, as well as insufficient consultations between partners.Conclusion: Challenges facing institutional arrangements for public-private partnerships may either be influenced by inadequate legal and policy framework, or ineffective implementation practices. Therefore, strengthening of public-private partnerships is recommended to improve implementation mechanisms and practices such as adherence to partnership agreements and compliance to the policies, laws and regulations.