bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empirical evaluation of camera trap study design: How many, how long and when?
Authors: Kays Roland , Arbogast Brian S. , Baker‐Whatton Megan , Beirne Chris , Boone Hailey M. , Bowler Mark , Burneo Santiago F. , Cove Michael V. , Ding Ping , Espinosa Santiago , Gonçalves André Luis Sousa , Hansen Christopher P. , Jansen Patrick A. , Kolowski Joseph M. , Knowles Travis W. , Lima Marcela Guimarães Moreira , Millspaugh Joshua , McShea William J. , Pacifici Krishna , Parsons Arielle W. , Pease Brent S. , Rovero Francesco , Santos Fernanda , Schuttler Stephanie G. , Sheil Douglas , Si Xingfeng , Snider Matt , Spironello Wilson R. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Camera traps deployed in grids or stratified random designs are a well‐established survey tool for wildlife but there has been little evaluation of study design parameters.

We used an empirical subsampling approach involving 2,225 camera deployments run at 41 study areas around the world to evaluate three aspects of camera trap study design (number of sites, duration and season of sampling) and their influence on the estimation of three ecological metrics (species richness, occupancy and detection rate) for mammals.

We found that 25–35 camera sites were needed for precise estimates of species richness, depending on scale of the study. The precision of species‐level estimates of occupancy (ψ) was highly sensitive to occupancy level, with <20 camera sites needed for precise estimates of common (ψ > 0.75) species, but more than 150 camera sites likely needed for rare (ψ < 0.25) species. Species detection rates were more difficult to estimate precisely at the grid level due to spatial heterogeneity, presumably driven by unaccounted habitat variability factors within the study area. Running a camera at a site for 2 weeks was most efficient for detecting new species, but 3–4 weeks were needed for precise estimates of local detection rate, with no gains in precision observed after 1 month. Metrics for all mammal communities were sensitive to seasonality, with 37%–50% of the species at the sites we examined fluctuating significantly in their occupancy or detection rates over the year. This effect was more pronounced in temperate sites, where seasonally sensitive species varied in relative abundance by an average factor of 4–5, and some species were completely absent in one season due to hibernation or migration.

We recommend the following guidelines to efficiently obtain precise estimates of species richness, occupancy and detection rates with camera trap arrays: run each camera for 3–5 weeks across 40–60 sites per array. We recommend comparisons of detection rates be model based and include local covariates to help account for small‐scale variation. Furthermore, comparisons across study areas or times must account for seasonality, which could have strong impacts on mammal communities in both tropical and temperate sites.
Debating Free International Trade
Authors: Strange Gerard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article begins with a definition of free international trade and a brief history of the evolution of free trade as an ideology and economic policy. It next considers the case for free trade as first articulated by classical economists Adam Smith and David Ricardo and then examines free trade critiques proffered by Friedrich List and Marxist scholars who claim that free trade can never be just nor fair so long as relational and structural power inequalities exist between corporations and workers. This article concludes with a summary of the current free trade debate, highlighting, in particular, how radical critics of free trade have begun to embrace a more distinctly Marxian view of the dynamics of globalized capital accumulation. This new perspective acknowledges the progressive transformations that globalized trade has brought to developing countries while also highlighting the ways global free trade relies upon and sustains an exploitative class dynamic.
China's Growing Influence in Latin America
Authors: Roby Varun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article examines China's growing influence in Venezuela and other parts of Latin America as it seeks to secure a steady supply of cheap oil and new export markets. In recent years, China has offered loans to cash‐strapped nations in the region on better terms than those offered by the United States and other multilateral lending institutions. China's growing influence worries the United States and other global observers who fear the spread of anti‐democratic and anti‐capitalist views. China maintains that its only interest in the region is economic. The current political turmoil in Venezuela offers China the opportunity to assuage these fears by supporting the presidency of Juan Guiado.
Can heat therapy help patients with heart failure?
Authors: Ye Winnie N. , Thipse Madhura , Mahdi Maleka Ben , Azad Sharlin , Davies Ross , Ruel Marc , Silver Marc A. , Hakami Lale , Mesana Thierry , Leenen Frans , Mussivand Tofy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo review and analyze the clinical outcomes of thermal therapy (≤1.4°C increase in core body temperature) in patients with heart failure (HF). A systematic review and meta‐analysis regarding the effects of thermal therapy on HF was done by searching PubMed, Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Scopus, and internal databases up to date (2019).

Improvement in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class: Ten studies with 310 patients showed significant improvement in NYHA class. Only 7 among 40 patients remained in Class IV and 99 patients in Class III from 155 patients. Increased patients in lower classes indicate that more patients showed improvement. Sixteen studies on 506 patients showed an overall improvement of 4.4% of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Four studies reported improved endothelial dysfunction by 1.7% increase in flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) on 130 patients.
Reduction in blood pressure: Thermal therapy reduced both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure by 3.1% and 5.31%, respectively, in 431 patients of 15 studies.
Decrease in cardiothoracic ratio (CTR): Eight studies reported an average of 5.55% reduction of CTR in a total of 347 patients.
Improvement in oxidative stress markers: Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels significantly decreased (mean difference of 14.8 pg/dL) in 303 patients of 9 studies.
Improvement of quality of life: Among 65 patients, thermal therapy reduced cardiac death and rehospitalization by 31.3%.
A slight increase in core body temperature is a promising, noninvasive, effective, and complementary therapy for patients with HF. Further clinical studies are recommended.
Effect of tobacco smoking on outcomes after left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Combs Pamela , Imamura Teruhiko , Siddiqi Umar , Spiller Robert E. , Williamson Rebecca , Mirzai Saeid , Symalla Trevor , LaBuhn Colleen , Jeevanandam Valluvan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite the well‐established correlation between the tobacco use and cardiovascular disease, little is known about postoperative outcomes following the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. We aimed to elucidate the effect of tobacco smoking on post‐LVAD implant outcomes. Patients who received LVADs from 2013 to 2018 were retrospectively characterized as current, former, or never smokers at the time of implant. We examined 1‐year survival, total hospital readmissions, and specific hospital readmissions for LVAD‐related adverse events based on patient's smoking status. Of the enrolled patients (n = 292), 55% were former smokers, 33% were never smokers, and 11% were current smokers. The majority of patients were African‐American (48%) with a median age of 58 years. Never smokers were younger and less likely to be Caucasian compared to former or current smokers (P < .05, for both). The category of former smokers had statistically comparable total readmission rates with never smokers (2.49 vs. 2.13 event/year), whereas current smokers had significantly higher rates compared to never smokers (2.81 events/year, P < .05), with odds ratio 2.12 (95% CI = 1.35‐3.32) adjusted for age and Caucasian race for >5 times of total readmissions per year. The rates of driveline infection, stroke, and hemolysis were statistically comparable between the never smokers and former smokers, while current smokers had significantly higher rates compared to never smokers (P < .05 for all).
Pseudophakic negative dysphotopsia and intraocular lens orientation: a prospective double‐masked randomized controlled trial
Authors: Manasseh Gemma S. L. , Pritchard Edward W. J. , Rothwell Alice E. J. , Luck Jonathan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether horizontal orientation of the intraocular lens optic‐haptic junctions has an effect on the incidence of pseudophakic negative dysphotopsia.MethodsSingle‐centre prospective double‐masked randomized controlled trial. 220 eyes of 201 participants undergoing routine cataract surgery were randomized to receive their intraocular lens either orientated with the optic‐haptic junctions at 180° (‘horizontal’) or without manipulation following implantation (control). Patients were excluded according to age (<19 and > 99 years), coexisting eye disease affecting visual function and insufficient cognitive function to complete the study. In the fourth postoperative week, a telephone interview was conducted to determine rates of negative dysphotopsia. The data were analysed to provide the relative risk of negative dysphotopsia with horizontal orientation of the intraocular lens (IOL) optic‐haptic junctions compared with standard treatment.ResultsOrientating the IOL optic‐haptic junctions horizontally halved the incidence of pseudophakic negative dysphotopsia in the fourth postoperative week (9/110 in the intervention group; 18/110 in the control group; RR: 0.50, 95% confidence interval: 0.235–1.064, p = 0.072). The overall incidence of negative dysphotopsia was 12.2% (27/220 participating eyes). No intraoperative adverse effects of intraocular lens rotation were reported.ConclusionThe simple intraoperative manoeuvre of rotating the intraocular lens to orientate the optic‐haptic junctions at 180° may be a safe and effective measure to reduce the risk of developing postoperative pseudophakic negative dysphotopsia in the first postoperative month. This is the first report that demonstrates the benefit of horizontal optic‐haptic junction positioning to be sustained beyond the first postoperative day.
Defining life from death: Problems with the somatic integration definition of life
Authors: Blackshaw Bruce P. , Rodger Daniel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo determine when the life of a human organism begins, Mark T. Brown has developed the somatic integration definition of life. Derived from diagnostic criteria for human death, Brown’s account requires the presence of a life‐regulation internal control system for an entity to be considered a living organism. According to Brown, the earliest point at which a developing human could satisfy this requirement is at the beginning of the fetal stage, and so the embryo is not regarded as a living human organism. This, Brown claims, has significant bioethical implications for both abortion and embryo experimentation. Here, we dispute the cogency of Brown’s derivation. Diagnostic criteria for death are used to determine when an organism irreversibly ceases functioning as an integrated whole, and may vary significantly depending on how developed the organism is. Brown’s definition is derived from a specific definition of death applicable to postnatal human beings, which is insufficient for generating a general definition for human organismal life. We have also examined the bioethical implications of Brown’s view, and have concluded that they are not as significant as he believes. Whether the embryo is classified as a human organism is of peripheral interest—a far more morally relevant question is whether the embryo is a biological individual with an identity that is capable of persisting during development.
Against the impairment argument: A reply to Hendricks
Authors: Räsänen Joona 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn an article of this journal, Perry Hendricks makes a novel argument for the immorality of abortion. According to his impairment argument, abortion is immoral because: (a) it is wrong to impair a fetus to the nth degree, such as causing the fetus to have fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS); (b) it is wrong to impair a fetus to the n+1 degree (to cause the fetus to be more impaired than to have FAS); (c) killing the fetus impairs the fetus to the n+1 degree (causes it to be more impaired than to have FAS); (d) abortion kills the fetus; (e) therefore, abortion is immoral. The impairment argument is a promising account for the wrongness of abortion because it does not rely on the controversial metaphysical premise that a fetus is a person. This article aims to show, that despite some immediate advantages over the rival theories of the immorality of abortion there is a reason to believe that the impairment argument is untenable. That is because there are goods that can be achieved by abortion but that cannot be achieved by impairing the fetus.
Minimal relapse risk and early normalization of survival for patients with Burkitt lymphoma treated with intensive immunochemotherapy: an international study of 264 real‐world patients
Authors: Jakobsen Lasse H. , Ellin Fredrik , Smeland Knut B. , Wästerlid Tove , Christensen Jacob H. , Jørgensen Judit M. , Josefsson Pär L. , Øvlisen Andreas K. , Holte Harald , Blaker Yngvild N. , Grauslund Jacob H. , Bjørn Jon , Molin Daniel , Lagerlöf Ingemar , Smedby Karin E. , Colvin Katherine , Thanarajasingam Gita , Maurer Matthew J. , Habermann Thomas M. , Song Kevin W. , Zhu Katie Y. , Gerrie Alina S. , Cheah Chan Y. , El‐Galaly Tarec C. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryNon‐endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a rare germinal centre B‐cell‐derived malignancy with the genetic hallmark of MYC gene translocation and with rapid tumour growth as a distinct clinical feature. To investigate treatment outcomes, loss of lifetime and relapse risk in adult BL patients treated with intensive immunochemotherapy, retrospective clinic‐based and population‐based lymphoma registries from six countries were used to identify 264 real‐world patients. The median age was 47 years and the majority had advanced‐stage disease and elevated LDH. Treatment protocols were R‐CODOX‐M/IVAC (47%), R‐hyper‐CVAD (16%), DA‐EPOCH‐R (11%), R‐BFM/GMALL (25%) and other (2%) leading to an overall response rate of 89%. The two‐year overall survival and event‐free survival were 84% and 80% respectively. For patients in complete remission/unconfirmed, the two‐year relapse risk was 6% but diminished to 0·6% for patients reaching 12 months of post‐remission event‐free survival (pEFS12). The loss of lifetime for pEFS12 patients was 0·4 (95% CI: −0·7 to 2) months. In conclusion, real‐world outcomes of adult BL are excellent following intensive immunochemotherapy. For pEFS12 patients, the relapse risk was low and life expectancy similar to that of a general population, which is important information for developing meaningful follow‐up strategies with increased focus on survivorship and less focus on routine disease surveillance.
‘Semi‐dwarf’ woolly mammoths from the East Siberian Sea coast, continental Russia
Authors: Kirillova Irina V. , Borisova Olga K. , Chernova Olga F. , Van Kolfschoten Thijs , Van Der Lubbe Jeroen H. J. L. , Panin Andrey V. , Pečnerová Patricia , Van Der Plicht Johannes , Shidlovskiy Fedor K. , Titov Vadim V. , Zanina Oksana G. 
Published: February 2020

A pioneer comprehensive study of several diminutive last‐generation woolly mammoth teeth (M3) found on the coast of the East Siberian Sea between the mouths of the Alazeya and Malaya Kuropatoch'ya rivers was conducted. Two teeth belonged to one individual. These teeth have a similar lamellar frequency and enamel thickness as teeth of Mammuthus primigenius Blumenbach. The molar crowns from the lower Alazeya region are similar in size to those of the small Late Pleistocene–Holocene mammoths from Wrangel Island. However, the number of plates (17–19, excluding talons) is much lower than that in the teeth of typical Late Pleistocene M. primigenius (23–25). The age data of the examined teeth are beyond the limits of the 14C dating method (>45 000 years BP). Nevertheless, palaeobotanical data allow correlation of the enclosing sediments with the warm Kazantsevo Interglacial (Eemian, MIS 5e) and reconstruction of the average annual temperature, which was warmer than present‐day temperatures. These conditions are confirmed by the δ18O isotopes from the structurally bound carbonate in tooth enamel. The ancient landscape was wetter and more forested than modern landscapes. The diminution of M3 size and loss of posterior plates were a result of the overall decrease in body size, likely in response to landscape change and narrowing of resource space. Mammoths from the lower Alazeya region demonstrate a stage of significant size reduction, although the dwarfing was not finalized. Their teeth are the oldest amongst the small teeth found in west Beringia.
Barriers to Economic Security: Disability, Employment, and Asset Disparities in Canada
Authors: Maroto Michelle , Pettinicchio David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough ample research shows that people with disabilities face significant labor market barriers, questions remain about whether and how disadvantages in employment and earnings contribute to economic insecurity. We use 1999 to 2012 Canadian Survey of Financial Security data to study disparities in nonhousing assets, which include household savings, stocks, and pensions, across households with and without disabilities. We find that households where the respondent or their spouse reported a disability held 25 percent less in nonhousing assets after accounting for key employment, education, and demographic factors. Demonstrating the more complicated relationship between disability, employment, and assets, these direct effects were further strengthened by disability's indirect effects on assets through its relationship with employment income.
An M1AP homozygous splice‐site mutation associated with severe oligozoospermia in a consanguineous family
Authors: Tu Chaofeng , Wang Ying , Nie Hongchuan , Meng Lanlan , Wang Weili , Li Yong , Li Dongyan , Zhang Huan , Lu Guangxiu , Lin Ge , Tan Yue‐Qiu , Du Juan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSevere oligozoospermia (SO) is an important cause of male infertility. Its etiology and pathogenesis are associated with genetic abnormalities; however, the genetic causes of the majority of idiopathic human SO remain unclear. Here, we report a homozygous splice‐site mutation in M1AP (meiosis 1 associated protein; NM_138804, c.1435‐1G>A) observed in a patient with SO from a consanguineous Han Chinese family. His parents and fertile brother were heterozygous for the mutation. The splice variant led to a lack of M1AP protein in the patient's spermatozoa. Ultrastructural and immunostaining analyses of patient's spermatozoa showed highly aberrant swollen mitochondrial sheaths with normal axonemal structures. Subsequent mutation screening identified three additional heterozygous M1AP variants in 4/243 subjects with idiopathic SO, but no M1AP variants among 223 fertile subjects. Additionally, a previously study reported that M1ap knock‐out mice exhibited SO due to meiotic arrest. Hence, our findings indicate that M1AP mutation might represent novel genetic alteration responsible for human SO.
Mapping habitat suitability at range‐wide scales: Spatially‐explicit distribution models to inform conservation and research for marsh birds
Authors: Stevens Bryan S. , Conway Courtney J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHabitat loss is a primary cause of species decline, and predicting the distribution of quality habitats across broad scales is needed for conservation of rare species. Secretive marsh birds are a group of emergent‐wetland specialists that include multiple threatened and endangered species whose populations have been impacted by wetland loss and modification. Habitat suitability for marsh birds is poorly mapped, and predictions of habitat quality over broad scales are primarily generated via expert judgment. We developed data‐driven models to predict fine‐resolution habitat quality for 13 marsh bird species across their ranges within the U.S. We demonstrate how these models are useful for conservation by quantifying range contraction, assessing the usefulness of existing protected areas, and assessing the vulnerability of habitats to global change for rare species. These tools provide a quantitative foundation for broad‐scale conservation, research, and monitoring efforts, and a starting point for adaptive conservation of marsh bird breeding habitat over broad spatial extents.
Fifty years of The Financial Review: A bibliometric overview
Authors: Baker H. Kent , Kumar Satish , Pattnaik Debidutta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Financial Review (FR) is a highly regarded journal publishing original empirical, theoretical, and methodological research in all areas of financial economics. It celebrated its golden jubilee year in 2018. Using bibliometric techniques, we analyze the journal's impact, prominent topics, most prolific authors, and their affiliated institutions and countries. Our analysis also identifies the most often cited articles at different points in the journal's history. Using textual data analytics, we identify the most frequent themes discussed between 1969 and 2018 by decade.
Higher than expected CO2 fertilization inferred from leaf to global observations
Authors: Haverd Vanessa , Smith Benjamin , Canadell Josep G. , Cuntz Matthias , Mikaloff‐Fletcher Sara , Farquhar Graham , Woodgate William , Briggs Peter R. , Trudinger Cathy M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence point to an increase in the activity of the terrestrial biosphere over recent decades, impacting the global net land carbon sink (NLS) and its control on the growth of atmospheric carbon dioxide (ca). Global terrestrial gross primary production (GPP)—the rate of carbon fixation by photosynthesis—is estimated to have risen by (31 ± 5)% since 1900, but the relative contributions of different putative drivers to this increase are not well known. Here we identify the rising atmospheric CO2 concentration as the dominant driver. We reconcile leaf‐level and global atmospheric constraints on trends in modeled biospheric activity to reveal a global CO2 fertilization effect on photosynthesis of 30% since 1900, or 47% for a doubling of ca above the pre‐industrial level. Our historic value is nearly twice as high as current estimates (17 ± 4)% that do not use the full range of available constraints. Consequently, under a future low‐emission scenario, we project a land carbon sink (174 PgC, 2006–2099) that is 57 PgC larger than if a lower CO2 fertilization effect comparable with current estimates is assumed. These findings suggest a larger beneficial role of the land carbon sink in modulating future excess anthropogenic CO2 consistent with the target of the Paris Agreement to stay below 2°C warming, and underscore the importance of preserving terrestrial carbon sinks.