bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concealed nitrogen footprint in protein-free foods: an empirical example using oil palm products
Authors: Hayashi Kentaro , Oita Azusa , Nishina Kazuya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The agro-food system satisfying human food demand releases heavy nitrogen (N) loads into the environment. The N footprint is an indicator of N loads from individual consumption of food as well as energy. A bottom-up approach called the ‘N-calculator method’ calculates the food N footprint using the N content in consumed foods, such that the N footprint of protein-free foods is treated as zero. This method underestimates the N footprint of protein-free foods, such as oil and sugar, when the source crops require N input in production. In this study, we propose a substitution factor, the virtual nitrogen factor for protein-free foods (VNFree), defined as the potential N load per unit weight of consumed food, to explicitly calculate the production N footprint. Oil palm and its products, palm oil (PO) and palm kernel oil (PKO), were chosen for this case study of protein-free foods. Global mean VNFree values of PO and PKO obtained by averaging national-scale data of the three countries with the largest production (Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand) were 0.0241 and 0.0037 kg N kg–1 oil, respectively. The 6.5-times difference in VNFree values was attributed to the difference in oil yield. The food N footprint of PO and PKO calculated here represented less than 2% of the previously reported total food N footprints of several countries. However, oil palm products are also used for industry, and the chemical fertilizer consumption for oil palm accounted for only 8%–12% of that of all oil and sugar crops. The protein-free N footprint of all these products will be much larger. We expect that the current N-calculator method as a bottom-up approach will be improved by expanding the VNFree concept, which enables the calculation of the concealed N footprint in protein-free products, including all uses of oil and sugar crops.
Development of plant monitoring systems based on multi-camera image processing techniques on hydroponic system
Authors: Wijaya R , Hariono B , Saputra T W , Rukmi D L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The research objective is to develop a monitoring system for the growth of red spinach plants based on image processing techniques from images captured using multiple cameras. The plant used is red spinach (Amaranthusgangeticus L.). Three cameras are installed in the top, side and front position of the plants in the photo box with lighting every 2 days up to 39 days. Model development uses a sample of 236 plants divided into 178 plants used model and 58 plants for model testing every two days. This model tested by the determination coefecient (R2) to measure how much the independent variables ability to explain the dependent variable. The network architecture were three input, first hidden layer (5 neurons), second hidden layer (5 neurons), and output layers with 1 neuron. ANN function with value of the learning level is 0.001. The activation function to predict fresh weight and leaf area of plants is tansig-logsig-tansig and tansig-tansig-logsig. ANN model can predict fresh plant weight with MSE value of 0.02385 and RMSE of 0.154, while for leaf area MSE value of 0.26428 and RMSE of 0.514.
In Vitro Regeneration of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni from internode and leaf explants using different concentrations of BAP (6-Benzyl Amino Purine)
Authors: Asmono S L , Djenal  , Rahmawati  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the response of the growth of internode explants and leaves of Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni), which were cultured at several BAP concentrations. This study was designed using a non Factorial Complete Randomized Design that is by testing the internode and leaf explants at 3 different BAP concentration levels of 2, 3 and 4 ppm and will be repeated 10 times. The parameters observed related to callus growth include: emergence, type, color and percentage of callus formation. In addition, observations were also made on the parameters of bud growth including the appearance of shoots, number and length of shoots. The results of this study indicate that 100% of leaf and internode explants are able to form callus. The color of the callus explants on average leaves are yellowish green while the internode explants are yellowish white and all have compact textures. In shoot growth parameters, only internode explants were able to grow shoots while leaf explants were not. The emergence of shoots (3 DAP), number of shoots (8.70), and shoot length (2.81cm) were produced by MS media with the addition of 3ppm BAP.
Yield Enhancement of Soybean (Glycine max l. Merill) in Genotypes ‘Polije-4’ and ‘Polije-5’ through Backcross with Large Seed Donor Parent
Authors: Sjamsijah N , Rahayu S , Suharjono S , Rosdiana E , Santika P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Soybean is one of important crops in Indonesia because of its role as a source of vegetable protein and it is used as an industrial raw material. However, national soybean production cannot keep up with the need. Hence, large amount of import is required to meet national needs. This study aims to assemble new high yielding soybean varieties, which have high yield (>3 ton/ha), early maturity (harvest age <76 days), large seed (>15 g) and have moderate resistance to major soybean disease, the leaf rust, caused by Phakopsorapachyrhizi. In the previous research, soybean genotypes which fit to the criteria above have been obtained, namely ‘Polije-4’ and ‘Polije-5’. However, these genotypes have a major drawback which is the small size of the seed (around 13 g/100 seeds). This drawback can be repaired by using the recurrent backcross method with ‘Ryokko’ edamame as the donor parent, which has a distinctly large seed size around 35 g/100 seeds. In the current research, this backcross method between ‘Polije-4’ and ‘Ryokko’, as well as ‘Polije-5’ and ‘Ryokko’ was conducted and resulted in the increase of yield(>20 g/plant) and seed size (>15 g/100 seeds), but still maintaining the early harvest age (⩽ 76 days).
Analysis Positioning Map and Competitiveness of Kampung Unggul Balitnak Chicken based Farmer’s Perception in Jember Regency
Authors: Suryadi U , Muksin  , Pristiwaningsih Estin Roso 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The purpose of research was nalysis of Kampung Unggul Balitnak (KUB) position compared by joper, male layer, broiler, and arab. The research had done in twenty subdistrict, Jember Regency. Research method was used by snowball sampling. Data analysis for knowing KUB position compared by joper, male layer, broiler, and arab was Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) based on product quality (X1) and business eficiency (X2). Knowing cometitivenes used PAM matrix. The resul of analysis showed the comodity had similiraty by KUB was joper. Postioning map showed joper had near position with KUB. Result of coefficient competitiveness PAM matrix showed KUB had highest coefficient than joper and arab but lower than broiler and male layer.
The use of Golden snail (Pomacea canaliculata) egg as source of carotenoid for improvement of Arabic Chicken egg quality
Authors: Nusantoro S , Rouf A , Wulandari S , Nurkholis  , Kustiawan E , Awaludin A , Utami M M D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Consumers awareness of the usage of natural product is increasing but exploration of natural carotenoid originated from animal was conducted into a lesser extent. The objective of this study was to examine the use of Golden snail egg powder (GESP) for improvement of quality of Arabic chicken egg. Thirty six Arabic chicken (silver and golden chicken, 22 weeks of age, 1,123.9 ± 155.1 g initial body weight) were assigned in completely randomized design (CRD), consisting of 4 dietary treatments (R0 = control 0%; R1 = 4%; R2 = 8%; and R3 = 12% level of GESP) and 3 replications. Data were analysed using one way ANOVA with homogeneity and normality tested in advance. After one month of experiment, data showed that up to 12%, yolk carotenoid and yolk score significantly increased in line with dietary GESP level. However Haugh unit and yolk indices were not affected by GESP. This result indicates that Golden snail egg can be used as carotenoid for improvement of chicken egg quality.
Can Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Quantify The Quality of Fishmeal Circulating in Jember, Indonesia?
Authors: Wulandari S , Syahniar T M , Nusantoro S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the range of nutrient content of fishmeal circulating in Jember Regency, East Java, and to make a calibration standard for quick calculation using NIRS by R2 and RMSECV. This study used 11 fishmeal samples from around Puger, Jember and around Muncar, Banyuwangi. The physical examination included organoleptic tests (color, odor, and texture), density, and chemical analysis of fishmeal samples. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results indicated that the nutrient content of fishmeal had greatly variation. The CP content presented a quite high ranged between 26.61% to 64.30%. The result of organoleptic test showed the color was yellowish brown, brown, slightly brown to dark brown. The odor was generally standard, which was fishy. Some fishmeal samples were moist in texture, such as fishmeal samples from Jember A (22.03%) and Muncar Banyuwangi B (19.65%). The average of fishmeal density was 0.528 g/ml that ranged between 0.341-0.726 g/ml. The measurement of R2 and RMSECV calibration of fishmeal using NIRS showed good results to predict CF, DM, and EE contents. The usage of NIRS technology was recommended for proximate analysis unless ash content due to the absence of spectrum absorption for minerals.
Characteristic chemical and physical of yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) traditional steamed cake (bolu kukus) with substitution and fermentation duration variation
Authors: Handayani A M , Apriliyanti M W , Supriyadi  , Firgiyanto R , Mukaromah D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Pumpkin is one of the fruit in Indonesia that has contained much nutrition such as antioxidants (beta-carotene), carbohydrates, minerals, proteins, and fat. The utilization of yellow pumpkin is limited to food. One of the diversification products was the traditional steamed cake (bolu kukus). The research aimed to know the effect of yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) substitution and fermentation duration variations on the characteristics of physical and chemically of steamed pumpkin cake. Methods of research were randomized block design which consists of two factors. The first factor was the of yellow pumpkin substitution variations (25% w/w of the total flour, 50% w/w of the total flour, and 75% w/w of the total flour) and the second factor was the fermentation time variations (1.5, 2, and 2.5 hours).The results showed that steamed pumpkin cake were contain the water about 31.09% - 54.52%, the ash about 0.81% - 1.23%, the protein about 4.41% - 7.87%, the fat about 0.26% - 0.52%, the carbohydrate about 40.73% - 59.99%, and the percentage of the expansion volume about 46,35% and 184,59%.
The demand for beef in Indonesian urban
Authors: Anindita R , Sadiyah A A , Khoiriyah N , Nendyssa D R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The low consumption of animal protein food is one of the causes of the increasing number of stunting in Indonesia. This study analyzes the effect of changes in prices and incomes on demand for five animal food groups, namely fish, chicken, beef, eggs, and milk. The demand function approach uses the Almost Ideal Demand System model with the parameter estimates using Seemingly Unrelated Regression. The research data using 124,513 households from Indonesian National Socio-economics Survey in 2016. The results showed that beef was the most elastic animal food among all animal foods with a demand elasticity of 1,031%, followed by chicken meat (0.564%), milk (0.451%), eggs (0.313%), and sea fish (0.151%). Beef is a luxury item. Beef is substituted with sea fish, eggs, or chicken meat. Beef is complementary to milk. The increase in beef prices is one of the policies that need to be considered so that the target of protein consumption is immediately reached.
Design of Positioning System for Glass Plate Printer
Authors: Xu Ping , Lai Wenxuan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Glass plate printing has been widely used in production and life. However, for fragile glass plate, high precision positioning system is the key in the printing process. In this paper, a motor driving and positioning system consisting of operating mechanism, positioning mechanism and lifting mechanism is proposed. The structure and design scheme of each mechanism are given. Finally, the finite element analysis and stress checking of key parts are carried out. The results provide a new idea for the design of similar systems and have a good reference value.
The Research on SPA Distribution Channel from the Perspective of International Supply Chain Environment
Authors: Qiu Ling 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the context of economic globalization, the environment of distribution industry has changed in essence. The rapid development of e-commerce based on Internet information technology has changed and even subverted the production and sales model of products. Personalized and diversified consumption characteristics have become the new common things. Based on the consumer demand, this paper studied SPA distribution channels and constructed a unique supply chain. On the basis of summarizing previous studies, this research used analytic hierarchy process to confirm the weights and used the empirical study to prove practicality of the index system and model.
Route Analysis of Trail Adjustable Wagon Based on Crank Rocker Mechanism
Authors: Liao Yinglong , Yi Jiangang , Fang Ziyan , Hao Cuixia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The trajectory analysis of a transport wagon is a prerequisite for its rational path planning. In order to analyze the influence of crank and rocker lengths on the trajectory of a transport wagon in a four-bar spatial mechanism, two kinds of trajectories, single “8” and double “8” were simulated. The results show that changing the crank length will obviously change the trajectory shape, and changing the rocker length will mainly change the walking angle. This conclusion provides a basis for the route adjustment and planning of transport vehicles.
Improved Disease Gene Predication Method
Authors: He Gerui , Liu Zhiming , Luo Lingyun , Wan Yaping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The prediction of disease genes has always been a hot topic in the field of bioinformatics. Machine learning methods can effectively dig out the hidden relationship between disease-causing genes and predict disease genes. At present, the prediction algorithm of Gene Ontology (GO) combined with GO annotation has limitations. It is believed that disease genes will only accumulate on the biological process branches of GO, ignoring the cellular components and molecular function branches. Disease gene prediction is performed by considering data from three branches of biological processes, cell components, and molecular functions. Multiple sets of experiments were performed. The data showed that the use of three branches to predict disease genes increased the accuracy from 78% to 91%, indicating that the disease genes not only aggregate on the branches of biological processes but also aggregate on molecular functions and cellular components.
Research on Single-Input Multiple-Output Converter for Rotorcraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Gan Yifan , Xu Chunxiao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To satisfy the different voltage requirements of different power units in small rotorcraft unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), we investigated two different single-input and multiple-output converters, three-output flyback converter and single inductor three-output Buck converter. The hardware components and operating principles of the two single-input and multiple-output converters were analyzed, and the control strategies of them were designed. Furthermore, operations of the two single-input multiple-output converters were simulated using Simulink in Matlab. We found that the three-output flyback converter can be used in the design of UAV when its components are settled and the voltage quality requirements are not strict. When the expansibility of component and high-stable voltage are required for the design of UAV, the single inductor three-output Buck converter should be used.
Analysis of Sound Field Transfer Loss in Inlet Pipeline of Industrial Gas Turbine
Authors: Yi Jiangang , Ju Siwei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Taking an industrial gas turbine intake pipeline as the research object, the acoustic field of the intake pipeline is simulated and analyzed by using acoustic finite element method, and the internal acoustic field and transmission loss of the intake pipeline are calculated. Through simulation analysis, it is found that the transmission loss curve of gas turbine intake pipeline fluctuates greatly, and the frequency bandwidth of the peak muffler is narrow. The conclusions obtained provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the structure of industrial gas turbine intake pipeline.
DOA Estimation for Unfolded Coprime Arrays: Successive-MUSIC Algorithm
Authors: Wu Chang , Ye Changbo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the problem of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of unfolded coprime arrays with successive-MUSIC algorithm which cascades multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm and rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT).We propose An algorithm with low computational complexity and high estimation accuracy, which first use ESPRIT algorithm for initial estimation, then according to the results of initial estimation narrow the search scope, finally, more accurate estimation results are obtained by MUSIC algorithm. Compared with the traditional MUSIC algorithm, this algorithm only needs to conduct a small range of angle search, which greatly reduces the algorithm complexity. Compared with the traditional ESPRIT algorithm, this algorithm also effectively improves the angle estimation performance of the algorithm. Moreover, comparing with traditional coprime linear arrays, the enhanced degrees of freedom (DOFs) can be achieved due to larger array aperture, Simulations are presented to validate the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
A Soft Decoding Algorithm with Hard Decision Boundary Factor for High-Order M-APSK Signal
Authors: Cai Yanshuang , Lv Tingting , Wang Kai , Wu Jianjun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
High-order amplitude phase shift keying is adopted in the latest digital satellite broadcasting system, which presents new challenges to the design of a receiver demodulation scheme. This study focuses on the soft decision decoding algorithm. Traditionally, maximum likelihood soft decision based on log likelihood ratio estimation is often used as a decoding scheme. Accordingly, a soft decision algorithm based on hard decision boundary is designed and the corresponding soft decision estimation formula is derived. Numerical analytical results show that the proposed soft decision algorithm can improve the error performance of a system and substantially reduce the complexity of implementation.
Entrepreneurship Introductory Course Designed for Students Majoring in Network Engineering
Authors: Fang Fang , Luo Xing E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This introductory course is designed to build interest for students in the field of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship introductory courses for students majoring in network engineering can inspire students’ creativity. Innovative teaching methods link the professional knowledge of network engineering and project cases, enhance students’ entrepreneurial practice ability, and strive to solve the disconnection between teaching and practice. The course provides some guidelines, insights, and advice needed to launch successful information technical ventures, helps students majoring in the network engineering develop entrepreneurial thinking. It is suitable for students who are interested in owning their own information technology business. The course design contains classroom interactive activities to make the teaching process more active.
Simulation Research on Transmission Performance of UAV Data Link in Multipath Channel
Authors: Wu Xilei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Low elevation Angle is the common working environment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) data link. Naturally, data link transmission performance will be affected by White Gaussian Noise (WGN). Besides, multipath interference is more characteristic and usually more harmful. Taking Phase Shifting Keying (PSK) modulation system commonly used in data link as the object and typical UAV data link point-to-point configuration as the prototype, this paper analyzes the transmission principle of this system and the characteristics of multipath channel transmission, and then establishes the simulated transmission model of measurement and control communication link in multipath channel on this basis. Through simulation experiment, part of the simulation data and conclusions are given. According to the paper, increasing the link level redundancy design is not the fundamental measure to solve multipath fading. And the paper suggests that in order to improve the transmission performance of data link in multipath channel, it is feasible to add adaptive equalization technology at the level of signal processing.
Using Blockchain for Flow Measurement of 5G Base Station
Authors: Lu Li , Wu Donglin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
5G is a hot area for its high speed data transmission by millimetre wave. Thus a huge amount of 5G base stations are required to be established, which brings heavy burden to 5G operators. In this paper, we propose a new flow measurement system based on blockchain to settle accounts for base stations belonging to different operators securely and fairly. For the base stations can verify the data flow for each other, only real data transmission can be recorded by blockchain. The proposed system can utilize existing consensus mechanism to make it stable and distributed. A concrete scheme is constructed and the scheme is proved to be secure. With this system, the base stations can be encouraged to be setup by different 5G operators and other companies to gain incentive by transmitting data service. This system can solve the problem of huge demand of base stations, and it’s secure, fair, and suitable for real deployment in practice.
Design and Implementation of EMC System Layout for Rail Trains
Authors: Song Gang , Wu Tong , Jiang Dafa , Mu Xiaotong , Huo Baichen , Song Jilei , Shang Baoying , Hu Liwen , Liu Kai 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, China’s urbanization process is rapid, and the rail transit system has become a good solution for the traffic congestion problem. The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of rail transit system is an important guarantee for the safe and reliable operation of rail trains. To this end, this paper proposes an EMC layout scheme for rail trains, and designs their electrical equipment layout and electrical wiring layout. In addition, according to the distribution of the train body equipment, the rail trains are divided into three parts, i.e. the roof, the interior and the bottom, and their associated EMC partition layouts are given. Finally, the layout scheme is tested by taking the Shanghai Metro Line 6 as a test rail train. The test results show that the proposed scheme can greatly improve the EMC performance of the rail trains and achieve the expected design goals.