bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of medical practitioners' knowledge about paediatric oral diagnosis and gaze patterns using eye tracking technology
Authors: Snell Sarah , Bontempo Daniel , Celine Gregory , Anthonappa Robert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost studies regarding the oral health knowledge of medical practitioners are based on surveys.AimTo assess medical practitioners’ knowledge in diagnosing and managing children oral health issues using eye tracking technology.DesignForty‐one medical practitioners completed a cross‐sectional survey questionnaire and subsequently viewed 5 clinical images of children's oral cavities to indicate the issues observed and their management. Tobii eye tracking device captured each participant's visual search behaviours and mean length of fixation (LOF) for each area of interest (AOI). Participant self‐reported confidence in examining the oral cavity, and qualification level was recorded for data analysis.ResultsNo correlation between time spent viewing the soft tissues and self‐reported confidence examining the oral cavity was observed (P = .25). Self‐reported confidence in examining the oral cavity was not associated with a correct diagnosis. LOF on the decayed teeth was significantly associated with a correct diagnosis of ‘caries’ (P < .05), and paediatric training was associated with a correct diagnosis of dental caries (P < .05).ConclusionMedical practitioners’ diagnosis and management were poorly correlated with their objective visual search behaviours of the intraoral images. Self‐reported confidence in examining and managing oral issues was not correlated with a correct diagnosis, with the majority not confident of examining children oral cavity.
Process evaluation of a multicomponent intervention to prevent physical restraints in nursing homes (IMPRINT): A mixed methods study
Authors: Abraham Jens , Bake Mareike , Berger‐Höger Birte , Köpke Sascha , Kupfer Ramona , Meyer Gabriele , Möhler Ralph 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo describe the implementation process and fidelity of two versions of a guideline‐based, multicomponent intervention to reduce physical restraints in nursing homes and to identify factors that might explain the heterogeneity of effects between different clusters.DesignMixed methods evaluation of the implementation process (dose delivered, dose received, response, and adaption) alongside a pragmatic three‐arm cluster randomized controlled trial.MethodsQuantitative and qualitative process data were collected during the study period (February 2015–February 2017). Quantitative data from questionnaires and short surveys were analysed by descriptive statistics. Qualitative data from focus groups and semi‐structured interviews were analysed using content analysis. An in‐depth analysis was conducted by contrasting responding and non‐responding clusters regarding the intervention goal and primary outcome.ResultsBoth interventions were implemented as planned in all clusters: we found no deviations from the protocol regarding the dose delivered to and received by the clusters. Satisfaction of staff targeted by the interventions was high. The in‐depth analysis did not reveal any pronounced variation in the degree of implementation or adoption in clusters with a good or nearly no response to the interventions or factors explaining different study effects.ConclusionAlthough both versions of a guideline‐based multicomponent intervention to prevent physical restraints in nursing homes were implemented as planned and the response was generally acceptable, the interventions' goal to change nursing practice towards a least‐restraint policy was not achieved by the entire nursing staff in all of the clusters. No factors could be identified that might explain the different effects of the interventions.ImpactFor some nursing homes, different approaches than addressing nurses' attitudes and institutional policies might be needed to sustainably reduce the use of physical restraints; however, the process evaluation did not reveal characteristics that might have hampered or facilitated the effectiveness of the intervention.
Validation of the VT‐LVAD score for prediction of late VAs in LVAD recipients
Authors: Darma Angeliki , Arya Arash , Dagres Nikolaos , Kühl Michael , Hindricks Gerhard , Eifert Sandra , Saeed Diyar , Borger Michael , Martins Raphaël P. , Leclercq Christophe , Galand Vincent 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study sought to validate the performance of the VT‐LVAD risk model in predicting late ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in patients after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation.BackgroundThe need for implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD)‐implantation in LVAD recipients is not well studied. A better selection of the patients with high risk for late VAs could lead to a more targeted ICD‐implantation or replacement.MethodsThe study evaluated the performance of the VT‐LVAD prognostic score (VAs prior LVAD, no ACE‐inhibitor in medication, heart failure duration > 12 months, early VAs post‐LVAD implantation, atrial fibrillation prior LVAD, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy) for the endpoint of the occurrence of late VAs in 357 LVAD patients in Heart Centre of Leipzig.ResultsFrom the initial 460 patients, 357 (age: 58 ± 10 years; left ventricular ejection fraction: 20 ± 6%; HeartWare: 50%; HeartMate III: 42%) were assigned to four risk groups according to their VT‐LVAD score varying from low risk to very high risk. After 25 months, late VAs occurred in 130 patients. The VT‐LVAD score was an independent predictor of late VAs (multivariate analysis; p = < .001; goodness‐of‐tip p = .347; odds ratio: 4.8). While there was no statistically significant difference between the low‐ and intermediate‐risk group, risk stratification for patients with high risk and very high risk performed more accurately (pairwise comparison p = .005 and p < .001, respectively).ConclusionsThe VT‐LVAD score predicted accurately the occurrence of late VAs in high‐risk LVAD recipients in a large external cohort of LVAD recipients supporting its utility for more targeted ICD implantations.
Results from the prospective, multicenter AMBULATE‐CAP trial: Reduced use of urinary catheters and protamine with hemostasis via the Mid‐Bore Venous Vascular Closure System (VASCADE® MVP) following multi‐access cardiac ablation procedures
Authors: Al‐Ahmad Amin , Mittal Suneet , DeLurgio David , Joseph Gallinghouse G. , Horton Rodney P. , Preminger Mark W. , David Burkhardt J. , Natale Andrea 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionManual compression (MC), historically the most common method to achieve hemostasis after percutaneous vascular procedures, is time consuming, requires prolonged bedrest, and is uncomfortable for patients and clinicians. Recent studies demonstrate the efficacy and safety of vascular closure devices and suggest shorter times to hemostasis and patient ambulation compared with MC. The current study evaluated the feasibility of the VASCADE® venous vascular closure system (VVCS) while allowing for urinary catheter (UC) elimination, and elimination of protamine and/or same calendar day discharge (SCDD).Methods and ResultsIn this prospective, multicenter trial, patients were enrolled and assigned to the following groups: no UC, no protamine, and/or SCDD (no co‐enrollment in no protamine and SCDD). After completing the catheter‐based cardiac procedure, access sites were closed using the VVCS. Outcomes included final hemostasis (all sites) without major access site‐related complications at 30 days, rates of access site closure‐related complications, device success, and study group success. All 168 patients had hemostasis without major access site‐related complications through 30 days. In the no UC group, 160 out of 164 (97.6%) patients did not receive a UC. Additionally, 39 out of 41 (95.1%) patients received heparin without protamine reversal and no access site bleeding‐related ambulation delays, and 18 out of 18 (100%) patients were discharged on the same day. There were no major access site closure‐related complications, few minor complications, and adverse events were generally mild and well managed.ConclusionThe VVCS was effective for achieving hemostasis following catheter‐based procedures; access site closure‐related complications and adverse events were well managed.
Tgfb3 and Mmp13 regulated the initiation of liver fibrosis progression as dynamic network biomarkers
Authors: Guo Jinsheng , Liu Weixin , Zeng Zhiping , Lin Jie , Zhang Xingxin , Chen Luonan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLiver fibrogenesis is a complex scar‐forming process in the liver. We suggested that the liver first responded to chronic injuries with gradual changes, then reached the critical state and ultimately resulted in cirrhosis rapidly. This study aimed to identify the tipping point and key molecules driving liver fibrosis progression. Mice model of liver fibrosis was induced by thioacetamide (TAA), and liver tissues were collected at different time‐points post‐TAA administration. By dynamic network biomarker (DNB) analysis on the time series of liver transcriptomes, the week 9 post‐TAA treatment (pathologically relevant to bridging fibrosis) was identified as the tipping point just before the significant fibrosis transition, with 153 DNB genes as key driving factors. The DNB genes were functionally enriched in fibrosis‐associated pathways, in particular, in the top‐ranked DNB genes, Tgfb3 negatively regulated Mmp13 in the interaction path and they formed a bistable switching system from a dynamical perspective. In the in vitro study, Tgfb3 promoted fibrogenic genes and down‐regulate Mmp13 gene transcription in an immortalized mouse HSC line JS1 and a human HSC line LX‐2. The presence of a tipping point during liver fibrogenesis driven by DNB genes marks not only the initiation of significant fibrogenesis but also the repression of the scar resolution.
Analysis of differentially expressed genes in oral epithelial cells infected with Fusobacterium nucleatum for revealing genes associated with oral cancer
Authors: Zhang Shuwei , Li Chen , Zhang Zhiying , Li Yuchao , Li Qian , Geng Fengxue , Liu Junchao , Pan Yaping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAccumulating evidence links Fusobacterium nucleatum with tumorigenesis. Our previous study demonstrated that F. nucleatum infection can induce epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in oral epithelial cells and elaborated a probable signal pathway involved in the induction of EMT. However, the comprehensive profiling and pathways of other candidate genes involved in F. nucleatum promoting malignant transformation remain largely elusive. Here, we analysed the transcriptome profile of HIOECs exposed to F. nucleatum infection. Totally, 3307 mRNAs (ǀLog2FCǀ >1.5) and 522 lncRNAs (ǀLog2FCǀ >1) were identified to be differentially expressed in F. nucleatum‐infected HIOECs compared with non‐infected HIOECs. GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed to investigate the potential functions of the dysregulated genes. Tumour‐associated genes were integrated, and top 10 hub genes (FYN, RAF1, ATM, FOS, CREB, NCOA3, VEGFA, JAK2, CREM and ATF3) were identified by protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network, and Oncomine was used to validate hub genes' expression. LncRNA‐hub genes co‐expression network comprising 67 dysregulated lncRNAs were generated. Together, our study revealed the alteration of lncRNA and potential hub genes in oral epithelial cells in response to F. nucleatum infection, which may provide new insights into the shift of normal to malignant transformation initiated by oral bacterial infection.
Decentring Norms in EU Relations with the Southern Neighbourhood
Authors: Keukeleire Stephan , Lecocq Sharon , Volpi Frédéric 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe EU's external promotion of norms and the idea of normative power Europe itself are increasingly contested, which is especially true in the EU's southern neighbourhood. However, whereas scholars of EU foreign policy acknowledge the contestation of external norms, they find it difficult to understand why other normative frameworks could be equally or more appealing to Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries, as they entail norms that are less prominent in the Western catalogue of liberal values. To facilitate the detection and analysis of a wider set of norms, we situate them along several continua of norm orientations and apply this framework to the EU's southern neighbourhood. EU foreign policy scholars can then examine whether different norms overlap or compete or are complementary or even incompatible, and the extent to which values promoted by European actors are congruent with normative frameworks in the MENA region.
Self‐stated recovery from flooding: Empirical results from a survey in Central Vietnam
Authors: Hudson Paul , Pham My , Hagedoorn Liselotte , Thieken Annegret , Lasage Ralph , Bubeck Philip 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSocial inequalities lead to flood resilience inequalities across social groups, a topic that requires improved documentation and understanding. The objective of this paper is to attend to these differences by investigating self‐stated flood recovery across genders in Vietnam as a conceptual replication of earlier results from Germany. This study employs a regression‐based analysis of 1,010 respondents divided between a rural coastal and an urban community in Thua Thien‐Hue province. The results highlight an important set of recovery process‐related variables. The set of relevant variables is similar across genders in terms of inclusion and influence, and includes age, social capital, internal and external support after a flood, perceived severity of previous flood impacts, and the perception of stress‐resilience. However, women were affected more heavily by flooding in terms of longer recovery times, which should be accounted for in risk management. Overall, the studied variables perform similarly in Vietnam and Germany. This study, therefore, conceptually replicates previous results suggesting that women display slightly slower recovery levels as well as that psychological variables influence recovery rates more than adverse flood impacts. This provides an indication of the results' potentially robust nature due to the different socio‐environmental contexts in Germany and Vietnam.
Local wound management factors related to biofilm reduction in the pressure ulcer: A prospective observational study
Authors: Koyanagi Hiroe , Kitamura Aya , Nakagami Gojiro , Kashiwabara Kosuke , Sanada Hiromi , Sugama Junko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsCritical colonization in pressure ulcers delays healing and has been studied. However, local wound management includes no clear strategy for preventing the development of biofilms. Therefore, this multicenter, prospective, observational study was conducted to examine the effect of local management on the biofilm area of pressure ulcers with critical colonization.MethodsParticipants were 34 patients with a pressure ulcer deeper than the dermis and in a state of critical colonization. The primary outcome was the change over a week in the proportion of the biofilm area in relation to that of the pressure ulcer area. We investigated the relationship between primary outcome and local wound management. The wound‐blotting method was used for determining the biofilm area. To calculate the change in the biofilm area, baseline proportion was subtracted from proportion 1 week later.ResultsSix types of topical treatment were used in three facilities. The proportion of the biofilm area at 1 week follow‐up was significantly smaller with iodine ointment than that without iodine ointment (p = .02). The standardized partial regression coefficient of iodine ointment adjusted by the type of medical facility was −0.26 (p = .003).ConclusionThis study revealed that the use of iodine ointment reduced the proportion of the biofilm area in the pressure ulcer surface. To manage pressure ulcers in a state of critical colonization, these results suggest that local management include the use of iodine ointment.
Targeting weather insurance markets
Authors: Mukherjee Anita , Cole Shawn , Tobacman Jeremy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe suitability of insurance products often depends greatly on individual circumstances. This paper examines the challenges of heterogeneity in a relatively new product, weather‐indexed insurance. This index insurance product has been launched in over a dozen countries, with the goal of enabling households engaged in agricultural activity a means to manage risk. Using data from a large‐scale field experiment, we build and calibrate a model which accounts for household investment decisions, including the scope for self‐insurance via labor markets to (risky) wage work. Our results show that insurance is most valuable to households with reduced access to wage labor, or to those who face wages that are sensitive to rainfall risk. These findings have important implications for areas where index insurance is most effective.
National Context, Parental Socialization, and the Varying Relationship Between Religious Belief and Practice
Authors: Voas David , Storm Ingrid 
Published: December 2020

AbstractParents are crucial agents of religious socialization, but the broader social environment is also influential. A key question is whether parents are more or less influential when their religious beliefs and practices are not shared by people around them. Current thinking on the issue has largely been shaped by Kelley and De Graaf, who argued that parental religious socialization matters most in secular countries. We maintain that that conclusion is mistaken: levels of parental and national religiosity are both important, but their effects are largely independent of each other. Kelley and De Graaf's findings rely on the assumption that religious belief and practice are different expressions of the same underlying phenomenon (religiosity) and vary in the same way across time and space. These measures are not equivalent, however. In relatively religious societies, belief in God is widespread even among those who do not attend services, whereas in societies where religious involvement is low, nonchurchgoers tend to be nonbelievers.
Drainage basins serve as multiple glacial refugia for alpine habitats in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California
Authors: Weng Yi‐Ming , Kavanaugh David H. , Schoville Sean D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe evolutionary histories of alpine species are often directly associated with responses to glaciation. Deep divergence among populations and complex patterns of genetic variation have been inferred as consequences of persistence within glacier boundaries (i.e., on nunataks), while shallow divergence and limited genetic variation are assumed to result from expansion from large refugia at the edge of ice shields (i.e., massifs de refuge). However, for some species, dependence on specific microhabitats could profoundly influence their spatial and demographic response to glaciation, and such a simple dichotomy may obscure the localization of actual refugia. In this study, we use the Nebria ingens complex (Coleoptera: Carabidae), a water‐affiliated ground beetle lineage, to test how drainage basins are linked to their observed population structure. By analysing mitochondrial COI gene sequences and genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms, we find that the major drainage systems of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California best explain the population structure of the N. ingens complex. In addition, we find that an intermediate morphotype within the N. ingens complex is the product of historical hybridization of N. riversi and N. ingens in the San Joaquin basin during glaciation. This study highlights the importance of considering ecological preferences in how species respond to climate fluctuations and provides an explanation for discordances that are often observed in comparative phylogeographical studies.
A Comparative Cancer Risk Evaluation of MTBE and Other Compounds (Including Naturally Occurring Compounds) in Drinking Water in New Hampshire
Authors: Beyer Leslie A. , Greenberg Grace I. , Beck Barbara D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMethyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) was added to gasoline in New Hampshire (NH) between 1995 and 2006 to comply with the oxygenate requirements of the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act. Leaking tanks and spills released MTBE into groundwater, and as a result, MTBE has been detected in drinking water in NH. We conducted a comparative cancer risk assessment and a margin‐of‐safety (MOS) analysis for several constituents, including MTBE, detected in NH drinking water. Using standard risk assessment methods, we calculated cancer risks from exposure to 12 detected volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including MTBE, and to four naturally occurring compounds (i.e., arsenic, radium‐226, radium‐228, and radon‐222) detected in NH public water supplies. We evaluated exposures to a hypothetical resident ingesting the water, dermally contacting the water while showering, and inhaling compounds volatilizing from water in the home. We then compared risk estimates for MTBE to those of the other 15 compounds. From our analysis, we concluded that the high‐end cancer risk from exposure to MTBE in drinking water is lower than the risks from all the other VOCs evaluated and several thousand times lower than the risks from exposure to naturally occurring constituents, including arsenic, radium, and radon. We also conducted an MOS analysis in which we compared toxicological points of departure to the NH maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 13 µg/L. All of the MOSs were greater than or equal to 160,000, indicating a large margin of safety and demonstrating the health‐protectiveness of the NH MCL for MTBE.
Smoothing Splines on Riemannian Manifolds, with Applications to 3D Shape Space
Authors: Kim Kwang-Rae , Dryden Ian L. , Le Huiling , Severn Katie E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in statistical analysis of data lying in manifolds. This paper generalizes a smoothing spline fitting method to Riemannian manifold data based on the technique of unrolling, unwrapping and wrapping originally proposed by Jupp and Kent for spherical data. In particular, we develop such a fitting procedure for shapes of configurations in general m-dimensional Euclidean space, extending our previous work for two-dimensional shapes. We show that parallel transport along a geodesic on Kendall shape space is linked to the solution of a homogeneous first-order differential equation, some of whose coefficients are implicitly defined functions. This finding enables us to approximate the procedure of unrolling and unwrapping by simultaneously solving such equations numerically, and so to find numerical solutions for smoothing splines fitted to higher dimensional shape data. This fitting method is applied to the analysis of some dynamic 3D peptide data.