bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra-high capacity for three-dimensional optical data storage inside transparent fluorescent tape
Authors: Yuan Xupeng , Zhao Miao , Guo Xinjun , Li Yao , Yu Yang , Gan Zongsong , Ruan Hao 
Published: February 2020

In this Letter, we show an ultralarge capacity for three-dimensional optical data storage inside transparent fluorescent tape using the two-photon absorption photo-bleaching method. We can obtain transparent fluorescent tape by means of the simple dip method. We successfully demonstrate recording and reading of six layers of binary data bits with lateral separation of 2 µm and longitudinal layer separation of 3 µm. Thus, this result leads to a storage density of approximately

80

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b
i
t
s

/

c
m

3

. Therefore, we can realize authentic ultrahigh capacity optical data storage using long transparent fluorescent tape in the future, like magnetic tape, and fundamentally solve the data explosion disaster.
LED array reflectance microscopy for scattering-based multi-contrast imaging
Authors: Song Weiye , Matlock Alex , Fu Sipei , Qin Xiaodan , Feng Hui , Gabel Christopher V. , Tian Lei , Yi Ji 
Published: February 2020

LED array microscopy is an emerging platform for computational imaging with significant utility for biological imaging. Existing LED array systems often exploit transmission imaging geometries of standard brightfield microscopes that leave the rich backscattered field undetected. This backscattered signal contains high-resolution sample information with superb sensitivity to subtle structural features that make it ideal for biological sensing and detection. Here, we develop an LED array reflectance microscope capturing the sample’s backscattered signal. In particular, we demonstrate multimodal brightfield, darkfield, and differential phase contrast imaging on fixed and living biological specimens including Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), zebrafish embryos, and live cell cultures. Video-rate multimodal imaging at 20 Hz records real time features of freely moving C. elegans and the fast beating heart of zebrafish embryos. Our new reflectance mode is a valuable addition to the LED array microscopic toolbox.
El mutualismo catalán: la construcción desde debajo de la ciudadanía social
Authors: Duch Plana Montserrat 
Published: February 2020

Las carencias múltiples que afectaban a las clases populares en la sociedad catalana contemporánea constituyen la clave explicativa de la proliferación de las Sociedades de Seguros Mutuos, sin el nexo entre ambas se hace ininteligible la extensión de la cultura de la solidaridad concebida horizontalmente entre iguales. Sin obviar los debates historiográficos sobre el caso catalán en el conjunto hispánico el texto se focaliza en su desarrollo cronológico y geográfico para objetivar el alcance de sus prestaciones en cuanto a cobertura de riesgos y prestaciones económicas. El objetivo central remite a la tradición mutualista en Cataluña: arraigo, cartografía y limitaciones en la “tierra de cooperación” en las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Un esfuerzo de autoorganización desde abajo que presenta funcionalidad cohesionadora en el marco de relaciones de producción, de poder y de experiencia del capitalismo industrial; constituyéndose quizás en la más destacada experiencia de sociabilidad formal.
War and the Welfare State: The Case of Italy, from WWI to Fascism
Authors: Pavan Ilaria 
Published: February 2020

Antes del inicio de la Primera Guerra Mundial, Italia se encontraba entre los países europeos menos avanzados en términos de políticas sociales. Esto se debió tanto a la fragilidad del proceso de construcción del Estado, que comenzó en 1860, como a la debilidad relativa de las organizaciones de trabajadores. Atendiendo a líneas de acercamiento recientes que muestra los múltiples vínculos causales entre los desarrollos del Estado de Bienestar y la guerra, este artículo pretende examinar las peculiaridades del escenario italiano. Enfrentados a las nuevas necesidades sociales provocadas por la guerra total, los gobiernos italianos experimentaron una actividad sin precedentes en el campo de las políticas sociales, especialmente en el último año del conflicto y en el período inmediato de posguerra, lo que supuso una evolución radical con respecto al contexto de preguerra. Al analizar las diversas medidas adoptadas, y la retórica que las justificaba y rodeaba, este texto muestra cómo la Primera Guerra Mundial puede considerarse como el verdadero punto de arranque en la construcción del Welfare Stateitaliano.
Zona Incerta GABAergic Output Controls a Signaled Locomotor Action in the Midbrain Tegmentum
Authors: Hormigo Sebastian , Zhou Ji , Castro-Alamancos Manuel A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe zona incerta is a subthalamic nucleus proposed to link sensory stimuli with motor responses to guide behavior, but its functional role is not well established. Using mice of either sex, we studied the effect of manipulating zona incerta GABAergic cells on the expression of a signaled locomotor action, known as signaled active avoidance. We found that modulation of GABAergic zona incerta cells, but not of cells in the adjacent thalamic reticular nucleus (NRT), fully controls the expression of signaled active avoidance responses. Inhibition of zona incerta GABAergic cells drives active avoidance responses, while excitation of these cells blocks signaled active avoidance mainly by inhibiting cells in the midbrain pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT). The zona incerta regulates signaled locomotion in the midbrain.
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor-1 Neurons in the Lateral Amygdala Display Selective Sensitivity to Acute and Chronic Ethanol Exposure
Authors: Agoglia Abigail E. , Zhu ManHua , Ying Rose , Sidhu Harpreet , Natividad Luis A. , Wolfe Sarah A. , Buczynski Matthew W. , Contet Candice , Parsons Loren H. , Roberto Marisa , Herman Melissa A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe lateral amygdala (LA) serves as the point of entry for sensory information within the amygdala complex, a structure that plays a critical role in emotional processes and has been implicated in alcohol use disorders. Within the amygdala, the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system has been shown to mediate some of the effects of both stress and ethanol, but the effects of ethanol on specific CRF1 receptor circuits in the amygdala have not been fully established. We used male CRF1:GFP reporter mice to characterize CRF1-expressing (CRF1+) and nonexpressing (CRF1−) LA neurons and investigate the effects of acute and chronic ethanol exposure on these populations. The CRF1+population was found to be composed predominantly of glutamatergic projection neurons with a minority subpopulation of interneurons. CRF1+neurons exhibited a tonic conductance that was insensitive to acute ethanol. CRF1−neurons did not display a basal tonic conductance, but the application of acute ethanol induced a δ GABAAreceptor subunit-dependent tonic conductance and enhanced phasic GABA release onto these cells. Chronic ethanol increased CRF1+neuronal excitability but did not significantly alter phasic or tonic GABA signaling in either CRF1+or CRF1−cells. Chronic ethanol and withdrawal also did not alter basal extracellular GABA or glutamate transmitter levels in the LA/BLA and did not alter the sensitivity of GABA or glutamate to acute ethanol-induced increases in transmitter release. Together, these results provide the first characterization of the CRF1+population of LA neurons and suggest mechanisms for differential acute ethanol sensitivity within this region.
Implementasi Kebijakan Pengelolaan Parkir Kota Bandung
Authors: Hidayat Asep , Munandar Aris , Armidiana Armidiana 
Published: February 2020

The Parking Tax Revenue, from 2013 to 2016, experienced ups and downs and less significant increase, especially in 2015, it run into a very significant decrease from the target. This study aims to analyze the implementation of parking management policy in buildings and parking lots in Bandung. The Research uses a qualitative approach, with descriptive research type. Data collection techniques used are in-depth interviews and literature study. The determination of informants in this study was carried out using the purposive technique. To analyze the data, this research uses qualitative data analysis, namely by searching and systematically compiling data obtained from interviews, field notes, and other materials. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of Peraturan Wali Kota No. 1005 of 2014 regarding Parking Lease Prices and Technical Guidelines for Parking Management in Buildings and Parking Grounds in Bandung City has not been running optimally, because it has been seen from several factors that influence it.
Kualitas Pelayanan Publik Di Balai Pelayanan, Penempatan, Dan Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Wilayah Bandung
Authors: Abdilah Wawan Setiawan , Miharja Sakrim , Lestari Yeni Dewiyanti 
Published: February 2020

This study aims to analyze the quality of public services at the Bandung Service Center, Placement and Protection of Indonesian Workes (BP3TKI) Bandung. This research method uses qualitative methods with descriptive approach. Data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews and documentation studies. Informants in this study were Head Of Correctional and Program Institution Section, Head of Placement Preparation Section, service staff and TKI. In addition, the steps in data analysis according to Miles and Huberman consist of three stages, namely: data reduction, data presentation and conclusion/ verification. The results of this study were obtained from the results of interviews that: (1) The quality of public service at the Indonesian Workforce Service, Placement and Protection Center (BP3TKI) Bandung has implemented five dimensions namely: Tangible, Reliability, Responsiviness, Assurance, Emphaty along with indicators. However, from some indicators there are still those that have not gone according to the wishes of Indonesian infrastructure, there are still officers who are capable and expert in operating the tools available at BP3TKI Bandung, and the officers’ inability to process service to TKI. (2) barriers that existin the implementation of public service at the Indonesian Workforce Service, Placement and Protection Center (BP3TKI) in Bandung is that there is no place for medical examinations for Indonesian migrant workers, and banks to pay for insurance so that migrant workers must leave the office, and for facilities and infrastructure that are still not maximal to support the service process.
The relationship of the prolonged PR interval with the long-term survival in patients with heart failure undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Soldatova A. M. , Kuznetsov V. A. , Gizatulina T. P. , Malishevsky L. M. , Dyachkov S. M. 
Published: February 2020

Aim. To assess the relationship between the prolonged PR interval (≥200 ms) and the long-term survival of patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).Material and methods. A total of 85 patients (mean age — 55,1Ѓ}9,9 years; men — 81,2%) with NYHA class II-IV heart failure (HF) were examined. The mean follow-up was 34,0Ѓ}21,2 months. Patients with PR<200 ms (n=52) made up group I, with PR≥200 ms (n=33) — group II. Then the patients were divided into subgroups depending on the QRS duration: ≥150 ms (n=33 in group I and n=14 in group II, respectively) <150 ms (n=19 in group I and n=19 in group II, respectively).Results. In patients of group II, a history of myocardial infarction (MI) was more often registered (p=0,005), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower (p=0,032). In a multivariate analysis, MI (OR 3,217; CI 95% 1,188-8,712; p=0,022) and LVEF value (OR 0,869; CI 95% 0,780-0,968; p=0,011) had a significant relationship with the PR interval prolongation (≥200 ms). The survival of patients of group I was 59,6%, group II — 18,2% (Log-rank test p<0,001). According to Cox regression model, the initial left ventricle end-systolic volume (OR 1,012; 95% CI 1,006-1,017; p<0,001), inferior wall MI (OR 1,690; 95% CI 1,131-2,527; p=0,011) and PR interval ≥200 ms (OR 2,179; 95% CI 1,213–3,915; p=0,009) were associated with long-term mortality. In patients with PR≥200 ms, survival rate was low, regardless of the QRS duration (21,4% in patients with QRS≥150 ms, 15,8% in patients with QRS<150 ms; Log-rank test p=0,698) In patients with PR<200 ms, the survival rate of patients with QRS≥150 ms was 72,7%, and for patients with QRS<150 ms — 36,8% (Log-rank test p=0,031).Conclusion. In HF patients, PR interval prolongation (≥200 ms) is associated with long-term mortality increase. The highest survival rates were observed in patients with PR<200 ms and QRS≥150 ms. In patients with QRS≥150 ms, the presence of PR≥200 ms should be considered as an additional criterion for CRT.
Ventricular-arterial coupling parameters and its prognostic value in patients with decompensated heart failure
Authors: Kobalava Z. D. , Lukina O. I. , Meray I. , Villevalde S. V. 
Published: February 2020

Aim. To assess ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) parameters and their prognostic value in patients with decompensated heart failure (HF).Material and methods. VAC parameters were evaluated upon admission using two-dimensional echocardiography in 355 patients hospitalized with decompensated HF. VAC was expressed as the ratio between arterial elastance (Ea) and end-systolic LV elastance (Ees). The optimal VAC range was considered 0,6-1,2. Parameters of left ventricular (LV) efficacy were calculated using the appropriate formulas. Differences were considered significant at p<0,05.Results. The median values of Ea, Ees and VAC were 2,2 (1,7;2,9) mmHg/ml, 1,8 (1,0;3,0) mmHg/ml and 1,32 (0,75;2,21) respectively. In 63% of patients, VAC disorders were detected: 55% of patients had VAC >1,2 (predominantly patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)-79%), 8% of patients had VAC <0,6 (all patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)). Normal VAC was observed in 78%, 42%, and 1% of patients with HFpEF, HF with mid-range EF and HFrEF, respectively. There was significant correlation between Ea/Ees ratio and levels of NTproBNP (R=0,35), hematocrit (R=-0,29), hemoglobin (R=-0,26), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PAPs) (R=0,18), dimensions of left atrium (R=0,32) and right ventricle (RV) (R=0,32). After 6 months, rehospitalization with decompensated HF was recorded in 72 (20,3%) patients, 42 (11,8%) patients died. Ea decrease <2,2 mmHg/ml and PAPs increase >45 mmHg increased the risk of rehospitalization with decompensated HF and all-cause mortality 2,5 and 3,7 times, respectively.Conclusion. Impaired VAC was diagnosed in 63% of patients with decompensated HF. However, the increased risk of all-cause mortality and rehospitalization with decompensated HF over the 6 months was associated with Ea decrease <2,2 mmHg/ml and PAPs increase >45 mmHg.
Treatment of Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer
Authors: Bubley Glenn J. , Balk Steven P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Androgen-ablative therapy for metastatic prostate cancer is effective for 60%-80% of men, but its effects are always finite and the majority of men develop androgen-independent disease within two years. Although current therapies for androgen-independent disease have not been shown to impact on survival, recent clinical and laboratory insights offer hope for effective therapy. For instance, recent data indicate that androgen-independent disease may still be dependent on hormonal stimulation, suggesting that hormonally based therapies may provide continued benefit. Chemotherapy, especially with estramustine and etoposide, seems to be an effective combination for a majority of patients. Treatment with suramin had been hampered by its side effects, but new dosing schedules are effectively circumventing toxicity. Radioisotopes such as strontium 89 have been shown to provide effective palliation for a majority of androgen-independent patients. Overall, these and other emerging efforts may be the foundation for therapies that offer hope for a significant survival benefit.
Treatment of Meningeal Malignancy
Authors: Berg Stacey L. , Poplack David G. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Meningeal metastasis from cancer has become an increasingly frequent problem as the treatment of systemic disease improves. Leukemia, lymphoma and solid tumors may all metastasize to the meninges, where the blood-brain barrier may provide a sanctuary from cytotoxic concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents. Because meningeal disease may be clinically silent or may present with unusual signs and symptoms, it is important to maintain a high index of suspicion for this problem. Diagnosis is usually made by cerebrospinal fluid cytologic testing, magnetic resonance imaging, or both. Treatment options include radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy and intrathecal chemotherapy. Systemic therapy usually requires administration of either very high drug doses or prolonged infusions in order to overcome the poor penetration of most anticancer agents into the central nervous system. Thus, systemic toxicity is often a major drawback to this approach. Intrathecal chemotherapy results in delivery of anticancer agents directly into the cerebrospinal fluid, usually with minimal systemic toxicity. Intrathecal chemotherapy may be administered by lumbar puncture or by use of an Ommaya reservoir with the tip in the ventricle. Studies are under way to evaluate new agents for both systemic and intrathecal administration. Further research is required to overcome this difficult clinical challenge.
Thyroid Abnormalities after Therapy for Hodgkin's Disease in Childhood
Authors: Bhatia Smita , Ramsay Norma K.C. , Bantle John P. , Mertens Ann , Robison Leslie L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background. Involvement of the thyroid gland is an important morbidity of therapy for Hodgkin's disease, which should be well recognized by caretakers of these patients. However, the roles of age at the time of therapy for Hodgkin's disease, chemotherapy, treatment with reduced dose of radiation and lymphangiography in causing thyroid abnormalities have not been defined.
Materials and Methods. Eighty-nine pediatric and young adult patients (less than 21 years old at diagnosis) with Hodgkin's disease who were treated with either radiation alone (57 patients), radiation and chemotherapy (20 patients), or chemotherapy alone (12 patients) at the University of Minnesota between 1971 and 1986 were periodically evaluated.
Results. The median age at diagnosis was 14 years, and the median duration of follow up was 11 years. Of 89 patients evaluable for thyroid abnormalities, 51 patients developed biochemical hypothyroidism. The median time to development of hypothyroidism was six years. The estimated actuarial risk of developing hypothyroidism was 60% at 11 years. Radiation to the thyroid region was associated with an elevated risk of development of hypothyroidism (relative risk = 9.9), with patients receiving mantle irradiation alone developing hypothyroidism earlier (median time 2.5 years) than patients receiving combined modality treatment (median time 6 years; p = 0.001). Dose of radiation was the chief correlate for the development of hypothyroidism (relative risk increasing by 1.02/Gy; p &lt; 0.001). Age, gender, chemotherapy and prior lymphangiography were not shown to be significant risk factors for the development of hypothyroidism. Four patients were diagnosed with thyroid nodules, (diagnosed 7.6 to 14.3 years after treatment of Hodgkin's disease), with histology showing multinodular goiter (2), single colloid nodule (1) and papillary carcinoma (1). Transient hyperthyroidism developed in two patients 8 and 13 months after treatment for Hodgkin's disease.
Conclusions. There is a high risk for development of thyroid disease after patients have received radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease, reinforcing the need for continued clinical and biochemical evaluation of such patients.
Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Valero Vicente , Buzdar Aman U. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Locally advanced breast cancer encompasses a heterogeneous collection of breast neoplasms and constitutes approximately 10%-20% of the newly diagnosed breast cancers. These cancers may have widely different clinical and biological characteristics. Patients with these tumors may be classified as stage IIB, III or IV breast cancer according to the American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging and End Results Reporting (TNM classification). Multidisciplinary therapy has become the treatment of choice for these patients. Primary or neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by locoregional therapy, either surgery and/or radiotherapy, and postoperative systemic chemotherapy is now an accepted strategy. More than 70% of patients achieve an objective response (including pathological complete remission in 10%-25% of cases), and many patients experience downstaging through primary chemotherapy. Breast conservation is possible in 10%-40% of patients with locally advanced breast cancer; almost all patients initially are rendered disease-free, and long-term local control is achieved in over 70% of these patients. Primary chemotherapy is the initial choice of treatment for patients with locally advanced tumors, but it is unclear what the optimal sequence of subsequent therapies should be, whether one or two local treatment modalities are necessary, and whether any or different postoperative chemotherapy is needed. The efficacy of primary chemotherapy was demonstrated in several large prospective studies in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. The natural history of this disease was changed dramatically by the introduction of these combined modality therapies. Five-year disease-free survival rates of 35%-70% are commonly reported, and about 25%-40% of patients will survive beyond 10 years without recurrence. In summary, multidisciplinary therapy that includes primary chemotherapy provides appropriate local control and the possibility of breast conservation therapy; it increases surgical resectability and survival rates in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. The role of new innovative therapeutic strategies such as high-dose chemotherapy, with hematopoietic stem cell rescue, new cytotoxic agents and higher dose-intensity therapy is currently under evaluation in patients with locally advanced breast cancer.
Methotrexate: An Effective Agent for Treating Cancer and Building Careers. The Polyglutamate Era
Authors: Schilsky Richard L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper chronicles developments in the laboratory of Dr. Bruce Chabner during the period 1978-1981. Initial work demonstrated that methotrexate is taken up by human breast cancer cells by a high-affinity, carrier-mediated, energy-dependent transport system similar to that described in murine leukemia cells. Conversion of methotrexate to a high molecular weight polyglutamate metabolite was also demonstrated to occur in human breast cancer cells. Polyglutamates became the predominant form of intracellular drug, both free in the cytosol and bound to dihydrofolate reductase, during a 24 h exposure to clinically achievable methotrexate concentrations. Intracellular retention of polyglutamates led to prolonged suppression of thymidine synthesis and loss of cell viability after removal of extracellular drug. This work identified methotrexate polyglutamates as biologically active enzyme inhibitors in human tumor cells and launched a series of investigations on the interaction of these derivatives with folate-requiring enzymes.