bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wide field imaging energy dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Qi Peng , Samadi Nazanin , Martinson Mercedes , Ponomarenko Olena , Bassey Bassey , Gomez Ariel , George Graham N. , Pickering Ingrid J. , Chapman L. Dean 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA new energy dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EDXAS) method is presented for simultaneous wide-field imaging and transmission X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to enable rapid imaging and speciation of elements. Based on spectral K-Edge Subtraction imaging (sKES), a bent Laue imaging system diffracting in the vertical plane was developed on a bend magnet beamline for selenium speciation. The high flux and small vertical focus, forming a wide horizontal line beam for projection imaging and computed tomography applications, is achieved by precise matching of lattice plane orientation and crystal surface (asymmetry angle). The condition generating a small vertical focus for imaging also provides good energy dispersion. Details for achieving sufficient energy and spatial resolution are demonstrated for both full field imaging and computed tomography in quantifying selenium chemical species. While this system has lower sensitivity as it uses transmission and may lack the flux and spatial resolution of a dedicated focused beamline system, it has significant potential in rapid screening of heterogeneous biomedical or environmental systems to correlate metal speciation with function.
Irradiation induces p53 loss of heterozygosity in breast cancer expressing mutant p53
Authors: Ghaleb Amr , Yallowitz Alisha , Marchenko Natalia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMutations in one allele of the TP53 gene in cancer early stages are frequently followed by the loss of the remaining wild-type allele (LOH) during tumor progression. However, the clinical impact of TP53 mutations and p53LOH, especially in the context of genotoxic modalities, remains unclear. Using MMTV;ErbB2 model carrying a heterozygous R172H p53 mutation, we report a previously unidentified oncogenic activity of mutant p53 (mutp53): the exacerbation of p53LOH after irradiation. We show that wild-type p53 allele is partially transcriptionally competent and enables the maintenance of the genomic integrity under normal conditions in mutp53 heterozygous cells. In heterozygous cells γ-irradiation promotes mutp53 stabilization, which suppresses DNA repair and the cell cycle checkpoint allowing cell cycle progression in the presence of inefficiently repaired DNA, consequently increases genomic instability leading to p53LOH. Hence, in mutp53 heterozygous cells, irradiation facilitates the selective pressure for p53LOH that enhances cancer cell fitness and provides the genetic plasticity for acquiring metastatic properties.
Effekt von Chromovitrektomiefarbstoffen mit Lutein auf die verbesserte Darstellung von epiretinalen Pathologien im intraoperativen OCT
Authors: Leisser Christoph , Kronschläger Martin , Findl Oliver 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Epiretinale Membranen können zu Metamorphopsien und Sehverschlechterung führen. Der therapeutische „Goldstandard“ ist die Vitrektomie mit Membrane Peeling, die normalerweise mit Chromovitrektomiefarbstoffen durchgeführt wird. Ziel unserer Studie war es, zu untersuchen, ob Chromovitrektomiefarbstoffe mit Lutein die Darstellung von epiretinalem Gewebe in der intraoperativen optischen Kohärenztomografie (iOCT) verbessern können.
Patienten und Methoden Eine prospektive Studie mit 20 Augen von 20 Patienten, die aufgrund einer idiopathischen epiretinalen Gliose zur Operation geplant waren. Bei allen Patienten wurde eine 23-G-Pars-plana-Vitrektomie mit Membrane Peeling unter iOCT-Assistenz durchgeführt. Die Membranen wurden mit einem Chromovitrektomiefarbstoff, der Trypanblau, „brilliant blue G“ und Lutein enthielt (Tripledyne und Dualdyne, beide: Kemin Industries Inc., USA) vor dem Peeling gefärbt.
Ergebnisse Bei allen Patienten (n = 20) war die Färbung der Membranen gut; kristalline Luteinpartikel konnten im iOCT gut dargestellt werden, verglichen zu gelöstem Lutein, das epiretinales Gewebe im iOCT nicht verbessert darstellen konnte.
Schlussfolgerung Die Zugabe von Lutein zu Chromovitrektomiefarbstoffen ermöglicht bei Verwendung von kristallinem Lutein eine verbesserte Darstellung von epiretinalen Membranen im iOCT.
Modifying Positional Selectivity in C–H Functionalization Reactions with Nitrogen-Centered Radicals: Generalizable Approaches to 1,6-Hydrogen-Atom Transfer Processes
Authors: Short Melanie A. , Blackburn J. Miles , Roizen Jennifer L. 
Published: November 2019

Nitrogen-centered radicals are powerful reaction intermediates owing in part to their ability to guide position-selective C(sp3)–H functionalization reactions. Typically, these reactive species dictate the site of functionalization by preferentially engaging in 1,5-hydrogen-atom transfer (1,5-HAT) processes. Broadly relevant approaches to alter the site-selectivity of HAT pathways would be valuable because they could be paired with a variety of tactics to install diverse functional groups. Yet, until recently, there have been no generalizable strategies to modify the position-selectivity observed in these HAT processes. This Synpacts article reviews transformations in which nitrogen-centered radicals preferentially react through 1,6-HAT pathways. Specific attention will be focused on strategies that employ alcohol- and amine-anchored sulfamate esters and sulfamides as templates to achieve otherwise rare γ-selective functionalization reactions.1	Introduction2	Transformations that Rely on Structural Constraints or Weakened C–H Bonds to Favor 1,6-HAT Processes3	Sulfamate Esters Engage Selective 1,6-HAT Processes4	Expansion to 1,6-HAT Processes with Masked Amine Substrates5	Conclusions and Outlook
A bioinspired approach to engineer seed microenvironment to boost germination and mitigate soil salinity
Authors: Zvinavashe Augustine T. , Lim Eugene , Sun Hui , Marelli Benedetto 
Published: November 2019

SignificanceIn a world that strives to accommodate population growth and climate pattern changes, there is a compelling need to develop new technologies to enhance agricultural output while minimizing inputs and mitigating their effects on the environment. In this study, we describe a biomaterial-based approach to engineer the microenvironment of seeds through the preservation and delivery of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) that are able to fix nitrogen and mitigate soil salinity. PGPRs are encapsulated in silk–trehalose (ST) coatings that achieve bacterial preservation and delivery upon sowing. The biomaterial choice is inspired by a recent finding that a combination of proteins and disaccharides is key for anhydrobiosis. This simple technology is effective to boost seed germination and mitigate soil salinity.
His-Cys and Trp-Cys cross-links generated by post-translational chemical modification
Authors: Fujieda Nobutaka 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Galactose oxidase and amine oxidase contain a cofactor which is generated by post-translational chemical modification to the corresponding amino acid side chains near the copper active center. Such cofactors provide proteins unusual catalytic ability that canonical amino acids cannot exert as well as their structural stability, and thereby are called as protein-derived cofactors. These cofactors and modifications are mostly derived from aromatic amino acid residues, especially Tyr, Trp, and His. Current information about unusual cofactors derived from two of those, heteroaromatic residues (Trp and His) is summarized, especially chemical properties and maturation process of the cross-links between cysteine and heteroaromatic amino acids (His–Cys and Trp–Cys cross-links).
Abbreviations: FMN: flavin mononucleotide; FAD: flavin adenine nucleotide; RNA: ribonucleic acid; PDC: protein-derived cofactor; GFP: green fluorescent protein; MIO: 3,5-dihydro-5-methylidene-4-imidazol-4-one; LTQ: lysyl tyrosylquinone; CTQ: cysteine tryptophylquinone; TTQ: tryptophan tryptophylquinone; E.coli: Escherichia coli; WT: wild type.
The plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase Gmppc2 is developmentally induced in immature soy seeds at the late maturation stage: a potential protein biomarker for seed chemical composition
Authors: Yamamoto Naoki , Sugimoto Toshio , Takano Tomoyuki , Sasou Ai , Morita Shigeto , Yano Kentaro , Masumura Takehiro 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a carbon-fixing enzyme with critical roles in seed development. Previously we observed a positive correlation between PEPC activity and protein content in mature seeds among soybean cultivars and varietal differences of PEPC activity in immature seeds, which is concordant with seed protein accumulation. Here, we report a PEPC isoform (Gmppc2) which is preferentially expressed in immature soybean seeds at the late maturation stage. Gmppc2 was co-expressed with enzyme genes involved in starch degradation: α-amylase, hexokinase, and α-glucan phosphorylase. Gmppc2 was developmentally induced in the external seed coats, internal seed coats, hypocotyls, and cotyledons at the late maturation stage. The expression of Gmppc2 protein was negatively regulated by the application of a nitrogen fertilizer, which suppressed nodule formation. These results imply that Gmppc2 is involved in the metabolism of nitrogen originated from nodules into seeds, and Gmppc2 might be applicable as a biomarker of seed protein content.
Abbreviations: PEP: phosphoenolpyruvate; PEPC: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; RNA-Seq: RNA sequencing; PCA: principal component analysis; SE: standard error
Magnetic entropy change of ErAl2 magnetocaloric wires fabricated by a powder-in-tube method
Authors: Yamamoto Takafumi D , Takeya Hiroyuki , Iwasaki Suguru , Terashima Kensei , de Castro Pedro Baptista , Numazawa Takenori , Takano Yoshihiko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We report the fabrication of ErAl2 magnetocaloric wires by a powder-in-tube (PIT) method and the evaluation of magnetic entropy change through magnetization measurements. The magnetic entropy change of ErAl2 PIT wires exhibits similar behavior to the bulk counterpart, while its magnitude is reduced by the decrease in the volume fraction of ErAl2 due to the surrounding non-magnetic sheaths. We find that another effect reduces the magnetic entropy change of the ErAl2 PIT wires around a ferromagnetic transition temperature, and discuss its possible origin in terms of a correlation between magnetic properties of ErAl2 and mechanical properties of sheath material.
Predicting quantum advantage by quantum walk with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Melnikov Alexey A , Fedichkin Leonid E , Alodjants Alexander 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Quantum walks are at the heart of modern quantum technologies. They allow to deal with quantum transport phenomena and are an advanced tool for constructing novel quantum algorithms. Quantum walks on graphs are fundamentally different from classical random walks analogs, in particular, they walk faster than classical ones on certain graphs, enabling in these cases quantum algorithmic applications and quantum-enhanced energy transfer. However, little is known about the possible advantages on arbitrary graphs not having explicit symmetries. For these graphs one would need to perform simulations of classical and quantum walk dynamics to check if the speedup occurs, which could take a long computational time. Here we present a new approach for the solution of the quantum speedup problem, which is based on a machine learning algorithm that predicts the quantum advantage by just ‘looking’ at a graph. The convolutional neural network, which we designed specifically to learn from graphs, observes simulated examples and learns complex features of graphs that lead to a quantum advantage, allowing to identify graphs that exhibit quantum advantage without performing any quantum walk or random walk simulations. The performance of our approach is evaluated for line and random graphs, where classification was always better than random guess even for the most challenging cases. Our findings pave the way to an automated elaboration of novel large-scale quantum circuits utilizing quantum walk based algorithms, and to simulating high-efficiency energy transfer in biophotonics and material science.
Relaxation of electrons in quantum-confined states in Pb/Si(111) thin films from master equation with first-principles-derived rates
Authors: Kratzer Peter , Zahedifar Maedeh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Atomically thin films of Pb on Si(111) provide an experimentally tunable system comprising a highly structured electronic density of states. The lifetime of excited electrons in these states is limited by both electron–electron (e–e) and electron–phonon (e–ph) scattering. We employ the description by a master equation for the electronic occupation numbers to analyze the relative importance of both scattering mechanisms. The electronic and phononic band structures, as well as the matrix elements for electron–phonon coupling within deformation potential theory were obtained from density functional calculations, thus taking into account quantum confinement effects. For the relaxation dynamics, the contribution of impact ionization processes to the lifetime is estimated from the imaginary part of the electronic self-energy calculated in the GW approximation. By numerically solving rate equations for the occupations of the Pb-derived electronic states coupled to a phononic heat bath, we are able to follow the distribution of the electronic excitation energy to the various modes of Pb lattice vibrations. While e–e scattering is the dominant relaxation mechanism, we demonstrate that the e–ph scattering is highly phonon-mode-specific, with a large contribution from surface phonons. At electron energies of about 0.3 eV above the Fermi surface, a ‘phonon bottleneck’ characteristic of relaxation in nanostructures with well-separated electronic states is observed. The time scales extracted from the simulations are compared to data from pump-probe experiments using time-resolved two-photon photoemission.
Calibration of optical particle counters: first comprehensive inter-comparison for particle sizes up to 5 µm and number concentrations up to 2 cm−3
Authors: Vasilatou Konstantina , Dirscherl Kai , Iida Kenjiro , Sakurai Hiromu , Horender Stefan , Auderset Kevin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We report on an inter-laboratory comparison for the calibration of light-scattering optical particle counters measuring the number concentration of airborne particles in the size range 300 nm–5 µm. This comparison, registered as EURAMET pilot study Nr. 1453, is an important first step towards internationally recognized SI traceability in the measurement of low particle number concentrations encountered in clean-room facilities. The participating particle metrology laboratories of NMIJ (Japan), DFM (Denmark) and METAS (Switzerland) each provided a portable optical particle counter as a transfer standard to be circulated amongst the partners. The comparison covered particle number concentrations up to about 2 cm−3. The individual measurements for the transfer standards at each laboratory are in good agreement with the reference value, typically within 7%, which supports the applied national primary methods of measurement.
High predictability of terrestrial carbon fluxes from an initialized decadal prediction system
Authors: Lovenduski Nicole S , Bonan Gordon B , Yeager Stephen G , Lindsay Keith , Lombardozzi Danica L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Interannual variations in the flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the land surface and the atmosphere are the dominant component of interannual variations in the atmospheric CO2 growth rate. Here, we investigate the potential to predict variations in these terrestrial carbon fluxes 1–10 years in advance using a novel set of retrospective decadal forecasts of an Earth system model. We demonstrate that globally-integrated net ecosystem production (NEP) exhibits high potential predictability for 2 years following forecast initialization. This predictability exceeds that from a persistence or uninitialized forecast conducted with the same Earth system model. The potential predictability in NEP derives mainly from high predictability in ecosystem respiration, which itself is driven by vegetation carbon and soil moisture initialization. Our findings unlock the potential to forecast the terrestrial ecosystem in a changing environment.
Sustainable management of natural pastures in Buryatia
Authors: Imeskenova E G , Butukhanov A B , MKomendanova T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the issues of sustainable pasture resources management on the example of the Tunkinsky district of the Republic of Buryatia. Sustainable pasture management contributes not only to the preservation of forests, but also to the promotion of adaptation to climate change, the preservation of biodiversity, and the improvement of the living standards of the local population. The use of pasture resources provides a long-term balance between livestock numbers, fodder production and pasture productivity, while maintaining the functionality and structure of the entire ecosystem. Pasture ecosystems are dominated by plants from the families Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Asteraceae. Lack of grazing leads to the decreasing share of forage species to 47% (on average), as it not used in the ecosystem. For sustainable pasture exploitation, the experimentally established structure of ecological groups is recommended: 70% for forage grass, 15% for medicinal, 7% for ruderal, 5% for poisonous, 1% for others. Unsystematic grazing of animals on pastures leads to a 2.5-3 fold reduction in species of biodiversity (27-30 species), and the family representation becomes 2 times lower. In relation to animal grazing, a total of 5 ecological groups of plants were identified. More than that, their structure, ecosystem, and economic role in stabilizing the ecological situation of pastures were established. In the course of the research conducted in the study area in environmental, economic, financial, and institutional aspects, three scenarios for the management of pasture resources are highlighted: unstable, extensive, and balanced.
Optimization of acreages as an element of sustainable development of natural landscapes
Authors: Chibis V , Kutyshev I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The alternation of crops for a long time will remain a fundamental element of the zonal technologies of their cultivation. The use of mathematical modeling methods will allow to reach a new level in solving the issues of effective use of arable land through the use of models that optimize it. Especially, the results of studies based on long-term observations will be valuable. We used data from long-term stationary experiments to study the alternation of crops in crop rotations that took more than five rotations. The stationary experiments are located in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia in the fields of the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center. The purpose of the research was to optimize the use of arable land based on mathematical modeling methods to preserve soil fertility. In the work, a model that takes into account the conditions of the agroecosystem is used (humus balance, labor costs, energy costs, etc.). It allows one to optimize the cultivated area, while maintaining soil fertility, ensuring the production of products at a consistently high level, with increasing economic and energy efficiency. The article shows that in grain-crop crop rotations, the yield is generated due to the natural fertility of the soil, as evidenced by the negative humus balance, which reaches 0.18-0.78 t/ha. During the alternation of the fruit-changing alternation, the crop was formed against the background of the reproduction of the organic matter of the soil by increasing the plant residues from the use of fertilizers. The humus balance was positive (0.15-0.28 t/ha). When using employed steam along with clean steam, rape as siderate, and also straw as an organic fertilizer for grain crops, the amount of 2.01 t/ha of marketable grain was obtained (with a 16.8% share of pure steam, as well as occupied steam (11%) and spring grain (72.2%), of the arable land area). Increasing the area in the crop rotation of Western Siberia using straw, green manure, and occupied vapors as organic fertilizer, the soil fertility reproduction with a certain decrease in the yield of marketable grain up to 2 t/ha can be achieved.
Sustainable development of organic agriculture in the Baikal region, as a cross-border area
Authors: Altaeva O A , Imeskenova E G , Chibikova O M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article is devoted to the problem of sustainable development of organic agriculture in the Baikal region, in particular the transboundary territories of the Republic of Buryatia and Mongolia. The article presents a study into the structure of land use in border areas and an analysis of the applied farming systems. The prospects for organic agriculture in the republic are studied and a model of the market for organic products in the Baikal region is suggested.
Contribution of the forests of the Republic of Buryatia to the development of a “green” economy
Authors: Puntsukova S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article presents the results of a carbon balance study in the forests of the Republic of Buryatia based on the materials taking into account the state of the forest fund and key factors (logging, forest fires) that affect carbon absorption and emission. The research clearly demonstrates that the size of the carbon budget in the forests of the republic is determined by the current age structure of forests and the intensity of destructive disruptions because of carbon losses due to logging, forest fires, and the death of plantations. The carbon absorption by forests is characterized by relative stability. Despite the fact that the forests of Buryatia have a great potential for carbon absorption (deposition), the last one decreases in the context of increasing clear-cutting and fire exposure to forests.
Influence of the saline waters of the flowing well on the chemical composition of water and bottom sediments in the Irtysh river and its tributary (Aremzyanka river)
Authors: Mihailova L V , Chemagin A A , Aleksandrov A S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article presents data on the influence of waters from the self-flowing wells in the floodplain of the Aremzyanka river of the first order inflow on the chemical composition of the water in the large transboundary Irtysh river in the south of the Tyumen region (Tobolsk District). The article shows the excess of the background of various elements in the bottom sediments of the studied rivers. The number of ions in the water of the Aramzyanka river is 2 times higher in comparison with the main river. The paper discusses the impact of saline water from a flowing well on a freshwater ecosystem, its components.
A spatio-temporal analysis of the Teniz-Korgalzhyn trench geosystems based on the Landsat and Sentinel satellite image decoding materials
Authors: Sagatbaev E N , Krupochkin E P , Dunets A N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article presents a unique research on the Teniz-Korgalzhyn trench geosystems. Using the computer-aided decoding of multi-zone satellite imagery, the space-time patterns of the structure, functioning, and dynamics of the development of landscape components of the studied area are determined. Using the functionality of contemporary instrumental GIS and interpretation algorithms, the indicators of productivity of geosystems and anthropogenic transformation are determined. Significant anthropogenic factors that do not have a ubiquitous, but local influence on the dynamics of geosystems in the context of significant changes in the ratio of moisture and productivity are established. Conclusions onthe need to control anthropogenic influence and ensure the rational use of resources of the territory are made, treating them as a factor of sustainable development.