bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Likert Scale-Based Model for Benchmarking Operational Capacity, Organizational Resilience, and Disaster Risk Reduction
Authors: Pescaroli Gianluca , Velazquez Omar , Alcántara-Ayala Irasema , Galasso Carmine , Kostkova Patty , Alexander David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLikert scales are a common methodological tool for data collection used in quantitative or mixed-method approaches in multiple domains. They are often employed in surveys or questionnaires, for benchmarking answers in the fields of disaster risk reduction, business continuity management, and organizational resilience. However, both scholars and practitioners may lack a simple scale of reference to assure consistency across disciplinary fields. This article introduces a simple-to-use rating tool that can be used for benchmarking responses in questionnaires, for example, for assessing disaster risk reduction, gaps in operational capacity, and organizational resilience. We aim, in particular, to support applications in contexts in which the target groups, due to cultural, social, or political reasons, may be unsuitable for in-depth analyses that use, for example, scales from 1 to 7 or from 1 to 10. This methodology is derived from the needs emerged in our recent fieldwork on interdisciplinary projects and from dialogue with the stakeholders involved. The output is a replicable scale from 0 to 3 presented in a table that includes category labels with qualitative attributes and descriptive equivalents to be used in the formulation of model answers. These include examples of levels of resilience, capacity, and gaps. They are connected to other tools that could be used for in-depth analysis. The advantage of our Likert scale-based response model is that it can be applied in a wide variety of disciplines, from social science to engineering.
Strategies for Optimizing the Supply of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic
Authors: de Perio Marie A. , Dowell Chad H. , Delaney Lisa J. , Radonovich Lewis J. , Kuhar David T. , Gupta Neil , Patel Anita , Pillai Satish K. , D’Alessandro Maryann 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTN95 respirators are personal protective equipment most often used to control exposures to infections transmitted via the airborne route. Supplies of N95 respirators can become depleted during pandemics or when otherwise in high demand. In this paper, we offer strategies for optimizing supplies of N95 respirators in health care settings while maximizing the level of protection offered to health care personnel when there is limited supply in the United States during the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic. The strategies are intended for use by professionals who manage respiratory protection programs, occupational health services, and infection prevention programs in health care facilities to protect health care personnel from job-related risks of exposure to infectious respiratory illnesses. Consultation with federal, state, and local public health officials is also important. We use the framework of surge capacity and the occupational health and safety hierarchy of controls approach to discuss specific engineering control, administrative control, and personal protective equipment measures that may help in optimizing N95 respirator supplies.
Geographic Information System Technology: Review of the Challenges for Its Establishment as a Major Asset for Disaster and Emergency Management in Poland
Authors: Goniewicz Krzysztof , Magiera Maciej , Rucińska Dorota , Pawłowski Witold , Burkle Frederick M. , Hertelendy Attila J. , Goniewicz Mariusz 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTTechnical and technological progress in the 21st century, especially emerging geographic information system (GIS) technology, offers new and unprecedented opportunities to counteract the impact of crisis situations and emergencies. Computerization and development of GIS enabled the digital visualization of space for interactive analysis of multiple data in the form of models or simulations. Additionally, computerization, which gives rise to a new quality of database management, requires continuous modernization of computer hardware and software. This study examines selected examples of the implications and impact of the GIS commonly used in Poland.
Crime in Germany as Portrayed by the Alternative for Germany (AfD)
Authors: Hestermann Thomas , Hoven Elisa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCriminal offenses ignite the political debate. Questions about the causes, development, and combating of crime touch on widespread fears; those who make them their subject can be sure of public attention. This Article looks at 242 press releases of the German right-wing populist party, the Alternative for Germany (Alternative für Deutschland; AfD) from 2018 dealing with criminal offenses. It examines which crime phenomena the reports describe, which perpetrator and victim images they project, and how crime and immigration are depicted as related threats.
Propagation of lusala(Dioscorea hirtiflora), a wild yam, forin situandex situconservation and potential domestication
Authors: Zulu D. , Ellis R. H. , Culham A. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryLusala (Dioscorea hirtifloraBenth. subsp.pedicellataMilne-Redh) is an important wild edible tuber foraged widely from natural forests in Southern Zambia, but at risk from overharvesting and deforestation. Its propagation was investigated in glasshouse studies to explore potential domestication and futurein situandex situgenetic resources conservation. Almost all tubers planted with visible shoot buds produced vines, with no effect of tuber size on vine emergence or tuber yield. Few tubers without visible shoot buds at planting produced vines, but those that did not re-tuberized. The progeny provided good vine emergence and similar tuber yield, with vines from tubers produced by re-tuberization being more vigorous. Re-tuberization in the absence of vine emergence also occurred in other experiments. Minisetts cut from the proximal end of tubers provided better vine emergence (with more from 20-mm than 10-mm-long sections) and greater tuber yield than mid- or distal minisetts. Nodal stem cuttings rooted well, vined, and provided small tubers. This study shows that lusala can be propagated successfully from tubers, minisetts, nodal vine cuttings, or mini-tubers from nodal vine cuttings, for genetic resources conservation and/or domestication. Domestication is likely to be hampered by the long period required for vines to emerge and establish. More sustainable foraging, including re-planting in natural forests, is recommended to balance consumption of lusala in the region and promote its long-term conservation.
An intact bony tympanic facial canal does not protect from secondary facial paresis in adult acute otitis media
Authors: Meerwein C , Pazahr S , Stadler T M , Nierobisch N , Dalbert A , Huber A , Röösli C 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of bony dehiscence in the tympanic facial canal in patients with acute otitis media with facial paresis compared to those without facial paresis.MethodA retrospective case–control study was conducted on acute otitis media patients with facial paresis undergoing high-resolution temporal bone computed tomography.ResultsForty-eight patients were included (24 per group). Definitive determination of the presence of a bony dehiscence was possible in 44 out of 48 patients (91.7 per cent). Prevalence of bony dehiscence in acute otitis media patients with facial paresis was not different from that in acute otitis media patients without facial paresis (p = 0.21). Presence of a bony dehiscence was associated with a positive predictive value of 66.7 per cent in regard to development of facial paresis. However, an intact bony tympanic facial canal did not prevent facial paresis in 44.8 per cent of cases (95 per cent confidence interval = 34.6–55.6).ConclusionPrevalence of bony dehiscence in acute otitis media patients with facial paresis did not differ from that in acute otitis media patients without facial paresis. An intact tympanic bony facial canal does not protect from facial paresis development.
Reproductive seasonality and environmental effects in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) nesting at Penang Island, Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Salleh Sarahaizad , Nishizawa Hideaki , Mohd Sah Shahrul Anuar , Khan Chowdhury Ahmed Jalal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor species with environmental sex determination, understanding the relationship between reproduction and environmental factors is important for predicting their reproductive output. Here, we study intra-annual variation in green turtle nesting during the 2010–2016 seasons at Penang Island (5°16′28″–5°28′15″N 100°10′52″–100°11′55″E), Malaysia. The additive modelling on a monthly-basis number of nests shows that fluctuation in the number of nests relates to temperature in addition to month of year, rather than precipitation. The number of nests tended to be higher in response to higher temperature during March–July, whereas the lower temperature during August–February also tended to result in a relatively higher number of nests. Concentration of nests during March–July resulted from a shorter inter-nesting interval during warm temperatures, whereas relatively low temperatures may homogenize the temporal distribution of the number of nests. This study provides fundamental information for green turtle nesting seasonality in response to environmental change.
Internet use, social isolation and loneliness in older adults
Authors: Stockwell Stephanie , Stubbs Brendon , Jackson Sarah E. , Fisher Abi , Yang Lin , Smith Lee 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore associations between internet/email use in a large sample of older English adults with their social isolation and loneliness. Data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing Wave 8 were used, with complete data available for 4,492 men and women aged ⩾ 50 years (mean age = 64.3, standard deviation = 13.3; 51.7% males). Binomial logistic regression was used to analyse cross-sectional associations between internet/email use and social isolation and loneliness. The majority of older adults reported using the internet/email every day (69.3%), fewer participants reported once a week (8.5%), once a month (2.6%), once every three months (0.7%), less than every three months (1.5%) and never (17.4%). No significant associations were found between internet/email use and loneliness, however, non-linear associations were found for social isolation. Older adults using the internet/email either once a week (odds ratio (OR) = 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49–0.72) or once a month (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.45–0.80) were significantly less likely to be socially isolated than every day users; those using internet/email less than once every three months were significantly more likely to be socially isolated than every day users (OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.28–6.40). Once every three months and never users showed no difference in social isolation compared with every day users. Weak associations were found between different online activities and loneliness, and strong associations were found with social isolation. The study updated knowledge of older adults’ internet/email habits, devices used and activities engaged in online. Findings may be important for the design of digital behaviour change interventions in older adults, particularly in groups at risk of or interventions targeting loneliness and/or social isolation.
Desirability and acceptability of a treatment-sequencing model in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A health technology assessment perspective
Authors: Piena Marjanne A. , Schoeman Olaf , Harty Gerard T. , Wong Schiffon L. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveGather health technology assessment (HTA) experts' insights on the desirability and acceptability of treatment-sequencing models applied to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).Data source/study settingPrimary data.Study designIn-depth double-blind semi-structured telephone interviews.Data collection/extraction methodsGeneral themes were extracted from qualitative interviews.Principal findingsAlthough experts confirmed the importance of evaluating the clinical and cost-effectiveness of treatments as part of a sequence, the current HTA decision making framework is not conducive to this. Developing an RRMS treatment-sequencing model that meets HTA requirements is difficult, in particular due to scarcity of effectiveness data in later treatment lines.ConclusionsAt present, a treatment-sequencing model for RRMS may be desirable yet not requested by HTA bodies for their decision making. However, there could be other areas where a treatment-sequencing model for RRMS is of use.
Consumer perception and behaviour related to low-alcohol wine: do people overcompensate?
Authors: Bucher Tamara , Frey Eveline , Wilczynska Magdalena , Deroover Kristine , Dohle Simone 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:Compared with standard wines, low-alcohol wines may have several social and health benefits. Innovative production processes have led to high-quality light wines. It is, however, unclear how consumers perceive and consume these alcohol-reduced wines. The current study aimed to investigate how people evaluate low-alcohol wine (Sauvignon Blanc) and if the reduction in alcohol and the information that a wine is low in alcohol influences consumption.Design:Randomised controlled trial (RCT).Setting:Participants were invited to a wine tasting and randomised into one of the three conditions: they either tasted a ‘new white wine’ (12·5 % alcohol content), a ‘new low-alcohol white wine’ (8·0 % alcohol content) or they tasted the low-alcohol wine but were not aware that the wine was reduced in alcohol (low-alcohol, blinded).Participants:Ninety participants (42 % male, mean age = 41 (sd14) years).Results:Mean comparisons showed similar ratings for the low-alcohol conditions and the standard alcohol condition (mean > 5·6/7). The mean consumed amount across all conditions did not differ (162 (sd71) ml, (F2,86= 0·43,P> 0·05)), hence people who tasted the low-alcohol wine consumed approximately 30 % less alcohol. However, participants were willing to pay more for the normal wine compared with the low-alcohol wine, (F2,87= 3·14,P< 0·05).Conclusions:Participants did not alter their drinking behaviour in response to the reduced alcohol content, and the low-alcohol wine was perceived positively. There might be an emerging market potential for wine of reduced alcohol content, but consumers may not be willing to pay the same price as for the standard wine.
IMRT in a rare case of bilateral optic nerve glioma
Authors: Singh Rashmi , Kumar Anup , Tudu Rajanigandha , Raina Payal , Munda Praveer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurpose:Optic nerve glioma (OPG) is a rare tumour of children and adolescents. The treatment is challenging as it may jeopardise the visual outcome. We are reporting a case of bilateral OPG, treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy in our department.Material and Method:An 18-year-old female presented with a gradually deteriorating vision in both eyes. A detailed clinical and ophthalmological examination was carried out. Her MRI of orbit and brain were suggestive of bilateral optic nerve glioma. She was treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy to a total dose of 54Gy in 30 fractions over 6 weeks.Results:She well tolerated the treatment. Post radiotherapy at 8 weeks, she had stabilization of vision on clinical assessment.Conclusion:Radiotherapy using IMRT can be successfully used to treat OPG, and it checks tumour growth and prevents further deterioration.
National identity, a blessing or a curse? The divergent links from national attachment, pride, and chauvinism to social and political trust
Authors: Gustavsson Gina , Stendahl Ludvig 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIs it true that national identity increases trust, as liberal nationalists assume? Recent research has studied this side of the ‘national identity argument’ by focusing on conceptions of the content of national identity (often civic or ethnic) and their links to social, rather than political, trust. This paper argues that if we take social identity theory seriously, however, we need to complement this picture by asking how varying the strength – rather than the content – of a person’s sense of their national identity affects both their social and political trust. We break down the different dimensions of national identity, hypothesizing and empirically verifying that there are divergent links from national attachment, national pride, and national chauvinism to social and political trust. We do so with data from the US (General Social Survey) and the Netherlands (Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences ), thus expanding current knowledge of national identity and trust to a highly relevant yet neglected European case.
When does politics stop at the water’s edge? A QCA of parliamentary consensus on military deployment decisions
Authors: Haesebrouck Tim , van Immerseel Anouschka 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhy do some military deployment decisions lead to high levels of political contestation, whereas others do not? Or, put differently, when does parliamentary consensus on the use of force abroad exist? In this article, we aim to answer this question by focusing on the varying levels of consensus in national parliaments when taking military deployment decisions. We do so by examining conditions that were derived from research on the domestic-level determinants of the use of force, parliamentary voting, and opposition behaviour. These conditions were included in an integrated theoretical framework, which we tested with fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. The results of our analysis show that the international legal status and the objectives of the military operation are of crucial importance for explaining the pattern of political contestation. However, domestic variables need to be taken into account as well to fully explain the level of political contestation of military deployment decisions.
Sleep-disordered breathing in pregnancy: a developmental origin of offspring obesity?
Authors: Farabi Sarah S. , Barbour Linda A. , Hernandez Teri L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSleep-disordered breathing (SDB) worsens over pregnancy, and obstructive sleep apnea is associated with serious maternal complications. Intrauterine exposures that provoke insulin resistance (IR), inflammation, or oxidative stress may have long-term offspring health consequences. In obesity, worsening maternal SDB appears to be an exposure that increases the risk for both small- or large-for-gestational-age (SGA, LGA, respectively), suggesting distinct outcomes linked to a common maternal phenotype. The aim of this paper is to systematically review and link data from both mechanistic rodent models and descriptive human studies to characterize the impact of maternal SDB on fetal development. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL (01/2000–09/2019). Data from rodent (9 studies) and human models (48 studies, 5 meta-analyses) were included and reviewed using PRISMA guidelines. Evidence from rodent models suggests that intermittent maternal hypoxia results in mixed changes in birth weight (BW) followed by accelerated postnatal growth, while maternal sleep fragmentation results in normal BW followed by later metabolic derangement. Human studies support that maternal SDB is associated with both SGA and LGA, both of which may predispose offspring to later obesity. Evidence also suggests a link between SDB, inflammation, and oxidative stress that may impact maternal metabolism and/or placental function. SDB is common in pregnancy and affects fetal growth and development. Given that SDB has significant potential to adversely influence the intrauterine metabolic environment, larger, prospective studies in humans are urgently needed to fully elucidate the effects of this exposure on offspring metabolic risk.
The SNP-Based Heritability — A Commentary on Yang et al. (2010)
Authors: Yang Jian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractI write this commentary as a part of a special issue published in this journal to celebrate Nick Martin’s contribution to the field of human genetics. In this commentary, I briefly describe the background of the Yang et al. (2010) study and show some of the unpublished details of this study, its contribution to tackling the missing heritability problem and Nick’s contribution to the work.
Variability in Meridional Transport of the Subtropical Circulation in the South Indian Ocean for the Period From 2006 to 2017
Authors: Nagura Motoki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study estimates variability in meridional velocity and transport in the interior of the south Indian Ocean using in situ hydrographic observations, satellite altimetry, and two reanalysis products for the period from 2006 to 2017. Previous studies used the zonal difference of satellite sea surface height (SSH) between the western and eastern parts of the basin as an index to variability in basinwide meridional geostrophic transport. This study estimates meridional geostrophic velocity in the upper 1,800 m from in situ observations and examines its vertical structure. Results show that zonal SSH difference represents a surface trapped variability in meridional velocity, the amplitude of which is large in the upper 250 m and decreases to zero at about 1,250 m depth. Zonal SSH difference is significantly correlated with zonally integrated meridional transport relative to 1,000 m depth. It is likely that wind variability both in the south Indian Ocean and tropical Pacific Ocean is responsible for this surface trapped variability, as is suggested by past studies. Results of this study also show meridional velocity variability at subsurface, which peaks in magnitude at about 400 to 800 m depths. This variability is not correlated with zonal SSH difference and represents decadal weakening of northward transport of the subtropical circulation for the analysis period. This subsurface variability can contribute to interannual variability in mode water transport, but its detailed forcing mechanism is not known and warrants a further study.
Two‐Dimensional Reconstruction of Ionospheric Plasma Density Variations Using Swarm
Authors: Fæhn Follestad A. , Clausen L. B. N. , Miloch W. J. , van den IJssel J. , Haagmans R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpace weather phenomena such as scintillations of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals are of increasing importance for aviation, the maritime, and civil engineering industries. The ionospheric plasma irregularities causing scintillations are associated with strong gradients in ionospheric plasma density. To provide nowcasts and forecasts of space weather effects, it is vital to monitor the ionosphere and detect strong density variations. To reconstruct plasma density variations in the polar cap ionosphere, we use total electron content (TEC) estimates from the Swarm satellites' GPS receivers. By considering events where the Swarm satellites are in close proximity, we obtain plasma density variations by inverting TEC measurements on a two‐dimensional grid. We first demonstrate the method using synthetic test data, before applying it to real data. The method is validated using in situ Langmuir probe measurements and ground‐based TEC observations. We find that the new method can reproduce density variations, although it is sensitive to the geometry of the Swarm satellite constellation and to the calculated plasma temperature. Our proposed method opens new possibilities for ionospheric plasma monitoring that uses GPS receivers aboard low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites.