bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pull of the Recent revisited: negligible species-level effect in a regional marine fossil record
Authors: Womack Tom M. , Crampton James S. , Hannah Michael J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQuantifying true patterns of biodiversity change over the Cenozoic has major implications for all of biology and paleontology but is still a source of significant debate. The problem centers on the magnitude and nature of several well-known sampling effects and analytical biases in the fossil record, including the Pull of the Recent. We test the effect of the Pull of the Recent at both generic and species levels on the exemplary New Zealand Cenozoic marine mollusk fossil record. We examine several biological traits of species to determine whether particular attributes of taxa control their likely presence or absence in the youngest fossil record (<2.4 Ma). We demonstrate that, for a tectonically active region, the Pull of the Recent does not exert a strong effect on apparent diversity patterns of genera and species over the Cenozoic at temporal scales typically used in global and regional biodiversity analyses. This result agrees with previous studies quantifying the effect of the Pull of the Recent in the marine and terrestrial realms at the genus level. The effect of the Pull of the Recent, although small, is greatest for the youngest fossil record (<2.4 Ma), particularly for species. This increase cannot easily be explained by effects related to shell mineralogical composition, size, habitat, taxonomic class, or lithification. The small effect that the Pull of the Recent exerts on the New Zealand molluscan fossil record implies that the apparent rise in regional marine diversity during the Cenozoic represents a true biological signal and/or reflects other confounding effects not considered here.
MWA tied-array processing III: Microsecond time resolution via a polyphase synthesis filter
Authors: McSweeney S. J. , Ord S. M. , Kaur D. , Bhat N. D. R. , Meyers B. W. , Tremblay S. E. , Jones J. , Crosse B. , Smith K. R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA new high time resolution observing mode for the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) is described, enabling full polarimetric observations with up to$30.72\,$MHz of bandwidth and a time resolution of${\sim}$$0.8\,\upmu$s. This mode makes use of a polyphase synthesis filter to ‘undo’ the polyphase analysis filter stage of the standard MWA’s Voltage Capture System observing mode. Sources of potential error in the reconstruction of the high time resolution data are identified and quantified, with the$S/N$loss induced by the back-to-back system not exceeding$-0.65\,$dB for typical noise-dominated samples. The system is further verified by observing three pulsars with known structure on microsecond timescales.
EQUAL TREATMENT OF PARTIES IN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION
Authors: Bantekas Ilias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough fair trial guarantees have always been recognised as constituting an integral aspect of international arbitral proceedings, this has largely been viewed through the lens of civil procedure rather than as a matter of public law and human rights. This state of affairs has further been compounded by the confidential nature of arbitration and the relative scarcity of set aside (annulment) proceedings before the courts of the seat of arbitration on the grounds of unequal treatment, and before human rights bodies such as the European Court of Human Rights. Moreover, it has always been difficult to reconcile contractual freedom and the advantages offered by arbitration with equal treatment and fair trial claims. This article demonstrates the existence of a set of general principles concerning the meaning and content of equal treatment, which are consistent with its commercial (and civil procedure) and human rights dimensions. The basis of this conclusion is Article 18 of the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, as consistently interpreted and adapted by local laws and judgments, arbitral statutes and determinations by the European Court of Human Rights.
DNA sequencing demonstrates the importance of jellyfish in life cycles of lepocreadiid trematodes
Authors: Browne J.G. , Pitt K.A. , Cribb T.H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Sequence data were combined with morphological analyses to identify two lepocreadiid trematode species from jellyfishes and fishes. Three species of jellyfish were captured within Port Phillip Bay, Australia, and three species of fish that feed on jellyfish were obtained from Moreton Bay (Queensland) and Port Phillip Bay and Portland (Victoria). The digeneans were distributed throughout most parts of the jellyfish. Opechona cf. kahawai Bray & Cribb, 2003 parasitized the scyphozoan jellyfish Aequorea eurodina and the scombrid fish Scomber australasicus. Cephalolepidapedon warehou Bray & Cribb, 2003 parasitized the scyphozoans Pseudorhiza haeckeli and Cyanea annaskala, and the centrolophid fishes Seriolella brama and Seriolella punctata. Intensities ranged from four to 96 in the jellyfish, and one to 30 in the fish. For both trematode species, internal transcribed spacer 2 of ribosomal DNA sequences from mature adults in the fishes matched those from metacercariae from the jellyfish. This is the first record of larval stages of C. warehou and O. cf. kahawai, and the first use of DNA sequencing to identify digenean trematode metacercariae from jellyfish. Three new host records are reported for C. warehou and two for O. cf. kahawai.
COVID-19 pandemic: study on simple, easy, and practical relaxation techniques while wearing medical protective equipment
Authors: Zhang Huiqin , Li Aimin , Zhu Boheng , Niu Yanyan , Ruan Zheng , Liu Lihong , Gao Xiaoling , Wang Kun , Yin Lu , Peng Mao , Xue Qing , Leng Haixia , Min Baoquan , Tian Qing , Wang Chunxue , Yang Yuan , Zhu Zhou , Si Tianmei , Li Wei , Shangguan Fangfang , Hong Xia , Chang Hong , Song Haiqing , Li Dongning , Jia Longbin , Dong Huiqing , Wang Yuping , Cosci Fiammetta , Wang Hongxing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundNo studies have reported on how to relieve distress or relax in medical health workers while wearing medical protective equipment in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The study aimed to establish which relaxation technique, among six, is the most feasible in first-line medical health workers wearing medical protective equipment.MethodsThis was a two-step study collecting data with online surveys. Step 1: 15 first-line medical health workers were trained to use six different relaxation techniques and reported the two most feasible techniques while wearing medical protective equipment. Step 2: the most two feasible relaxation techniques revealed by step 1 were quantitatively tested in a sample of 65 medical health workers in terms of efficacy, no space limitation, no time limitation, no body position requirement, no environment limitation to be done, easiness to learn, simplicity, convenience, practicality, and acceptance.ResultsKegel exercise and autogenic relaxation were the most feasible techniques according to step 1. In step 2, Kegel exercise outperformed autogenic relaxation on all the 10 dimensions among the 65 participants while wearing medical protective equipment (efficacy: 24 v. 15, no space limitation: 30 v. 4, no time limitation: 31 v. 4, no body position requirement: 26 v. 4, no environment limitation: 30 v. 11, easiness to learn: 28 v. 5, simplicity: 29 v. 7, convenience: 29 v. 4, practicality: 30 v. 14, acceptance: 32 v. 6).ConclusionKegel exercise seems a promising self-relaxation technique for first-line medical health workers while wearing medical protective equipment among COVID-19 pandemic.
Re-examining Roman Death Pollution
Authors: Emmerson Allison L. C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe idea that the dead were polluting — that is, that corpses posed a danger of making the living unclean, offensive both to their own communities and to the gods — has long occupied a fundamental position in Roman funerary studies. Nevertheless, what that pollution comprised, as well as how it affected living society, remain subject to debate. This article aims to clarify the issue by re-examining the evidence for Roman attitudes towards the dead. Focusing on the city of Rome itself, I conclude that we have little reason to reconstruct a fear of death pollution prior to Late Antiquity; in fact, the term itself has been detrimental to current understandings. No surviving text from the late republican or early imperial periods indicates that corpses were objects of metaphysical fear, and rather than polluted, mourners are better conceived as obligated, bound by a variable combination of emotions and conventions to behave in certain, if certainly changeable, ways following a death.
Weeping Qingdao Tears Abroad: Locating Chinese Publics in Colonial Malaya, circa 1919
Authors: Leow Rachel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article suggests that conditions of coloniality produce a sui generis public sphere, one which contains multiple, plurilingual collective audiences, rather than a single “bourgeois public sphere” (Habermas), or a single “imagined community” (Anderson). By way of illustration, it locates diasporic Chinese publics in the colonial public sphere of British Malaya, and argues for a more analytically differentiated understanding of their constituent collectivities, or what it refers to as “we” publics. It analyses a Chinese-language newspaper, theYik Khuan Poh, elaborating the different “we” publics convened within its pages, and emphasising the regional and translocal geographies of collective belonging that exist within the “transnational we,” which models of diaspora tend to overdetermine. In situating theYik Khuan Pohin its temporal and spatial contexts in the early twentieth century, this article also raises questions about the character of colonial public spheres in an era of significant globality.
Using playback to estimate the distribution and density of the world’s smallest flightless bird, the Inaccessible Island Rail Atlantisia rogersi
Authors: DILLEY BEN J. , SWAIN GEORGE , REPETTO JULIAN , RYAN PETER G. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe Inaccessible Island Rail Atlantisia rogersi, the world’s smallest extant flightless bird, is endemic to Inaccessible Island, a 14-km2 uninhabited island in the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, central South Atlantic Ocean. Rail populations are notoriously hard to survey and the rugged topography of Inaccessible Island makes a survey particularly challenging. Fortunately, Inaccessible Island Rails are very vocal, because their secretive behaviour means birds are hard to observe in the dense vegetation. We assessed the distribution of rails across Inaccessible Island using playbacks at 350 point-count sites in October–November 2018. Rail calls were heard at 98% of sites and we estimate the rail population to be in the order of 10,300 birds (95% CI 9,100–12,200), based on estimated rail densities in the six main habitats. Historic population estimates were reasonably crude and thus not suitable for inferring population trends, but the population appears to be stable and we recommend the species’ status remains as ‘Vulnerable’. The accidental introduction of alien mammals poses the greatest threat to the survival of the Inaccessible Island Rail and the removal of house mouse Mus musculus and ship rat Rattus rattus from neighbouring Tristan da Cunha Island would greatly reduce the risk of such a catastrophe.
Validation of the Guilt associated with Self-Perception as a Burden Scale (G-SPBS)
Authors: Pedroso-Chaparro María del Sequeros , Cabrera Isabel , Márquez-González María , Olmos Ricardo , Romero-Moreno Rosa , Vara-García Carlos , Gallego-Alberto Laura , Barrera-Caballero Samara , Losada-Baltar Andrés 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground:One of the main health-related worries for older adults is becoming dependent. Even healthy older adults may worry about becoming dependent, generating guilt feelings due to the anticipation of future needs that others must solve. The guilt associated with self-perception as a burden has not been studied in older adults, and there is no instrument available to measure these feelings.Aims:To adapt the Self-Perceived Burden Scale (SPBS; Cousineau et al., 2003) for the assessment of feelings of guilt for perceiving oneself as a burden for the family in older adults without explicit functional or cognitive impairment.Method:Participants were 298 older adults living independently in the community. Participants completed the assessment protocol, which included measures of guilt associated with self-perception as a burden, depressive and anxious symptomatology, self-perceived burden, and sociodemographic information.Results:Results from exploratory, parallel and confirmatory factor analyses suggest that the scale, named Guilt associated with Self-Perception as a Burden Scale (G-SPBS), has a unidimensional structure, explaining 57.04% of the variance of guilt. Good reliability was found (Cronbach’s alpha = .94). The results revealed significant (p < .01) positive associations with depressive and anxious symptomatology.Discussion:These findings suggest that the G-SPBS shows good psychometric properties which endorse its use with healthy community older adults. Also, guilt associated with perceiving oneself as a burden seems to be a relevant variable that can contribute to improving our understanding of psychological distress in older adults.
Perceptions and determinants of healthy eating for people with HIV in the Dominican Republic who experience food insecurity
Authors: Wallace Deshira D , Payán Denise D , Then-Paulino Amarilis , Armenta Gabriela , Fulcar María Altagracia , Acevedo Ramón , Derose Kathryn P 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:The current study aimed to understand how moderate and severe food-insecure people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the Dominican Republic perceive a healthy diet and explore facilitators and barriers to engaging in healthy dietary behaviours as a means of HIV self-management.Design:We conducted semi-structured interviews with PLHIV. We generated codes on food insecurity among PLHIV and used content analysis to organise codes for constant comparison between and within participants.Setting:Two urban HIV clinics in the Dominican Republic.Participants:Thirty-two PLHIV participated in the interviews.Results:Factors that contributed to dietary behaviours include individual factors, such as knowledge of nutrition, views and attitudes on healthy dietary behaviours, beliefs about dietary needs for PLHIV and diet functionality. Interpersonal factors, including assistance from family and peers in providing food or funds, were deemed critical along with community and organisational factors, such as food assistance from HIV clinics, accessibility to a variety of food store types and the availability of diverse food options at food stores. Policy-level factors that influenced dietary behaviours were contingent on respondents’ participation in the labour market (i.e. whether they were employed) and consistent access to government assistance. Food insecurity influenced these factors through unpredictability and a lack of control.Conclusions:PLHIV who experience food insecurity face various barriers to engaging in healthy dietary behaviours. Their diets are influenced at multiple levels of influence ranging from individual to structural, requiring multi-level interventions that can address these factors concurrently.
The role of improved social support for healthy eating in a lifestyle intervention: Texercise Select
Authors: Yoshikawa Aya , Smith Matthew Lee , Lee Shinduk , Towne Samuel D , Ory Marcia G 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:We examined the measurement and mediating role of social support in dietary intake among participants in Texercise Select, an intervention for improving lifestyle behaviours.Design:Quasi-experimental study. Participants reported their dietary intake, level of social support measured by the new Social Support for Healthy Eating scale, sociodemographics and disease profile. We conducted exploratory factor analysis for scale evaluation and structural equation modelling for mediation analysis to test if changes in dietary-specific social support mediate the relationship between the intervention and changes in dietary intake.Setting:Texas.Participants:Community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults completed a self-reported survey at baseline and 3-month follow-up (intervention group n 211, comparison group n 175).Results:The majority of the sample was aged ≥70 years (mean 74·30, sd 8·54), female (82·1 %) and had at least two chronic conditions (63·5 %). The acceptable levels of reliability and validity of the dietary-specific social support scale were confirmed. Compared with the comparison group, the intervention group reported improved intake of fruit/vegetables and water, and improved dietary-specific social support. Improved dietary-specific social support mediated the association between intervention and change in fruit/vegetable intake, controlling for sociodemographics, number of chronic conditions and geographic residence. About 12 % of intervention effect was mediated by social support.Conclusions:The current study confirms positive intervention effects on healthy eating, and highlights social support relating to dietary behaviours that may be helpful for healthy eating. Future research should investigate additional social support for developing healthy eating behavioural skills.
Patients’ experiences of family members’ reactions to diagnosis of breast cancer and support in the management of breast cancer in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Adejoh Samuel Ojima , Olorunlana Adetayo , Adejayan Adeola 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objectives of this study are to describe patients’ experiences of family members’ reactions to diagnosis of breast cancer and investigate the role of family support in the management of breast cancer.MethodThe study used the descriptive qualitative method in data collection and analysis. Fifteen participants, who were undergoing either radiotherapy or chemotherapy treatment at a private hospital, consented and participated in the study. Data were content analyzed under two specific themes on family members’ reactions and family support received.FindingsThe findings show that some participants reported negative reactions of some family members, and this affected them negatively. While some participants received support from their families, others did not.Significance of findingsThe findings of our study show the critical role of family support in the management of breast cancer; therefore, family members should be encouraged to give breast cancer patient the necessary support to help them manage their sick role behavior since their illness has no cure.
Development and psychometric validation of a comprehensive end-of-life care competence scale: A study based on three-year surveys of health and social care professionals in Hong Kong
Authors: Xiu Daiming , Chow Amy Y.M. , Chan Iris K.N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to develop an assessment tool measuring comprehensive interdisciplinary competence in end-of-life care (EoLC) and investigate its content, construct validity, reliability, and their correlates.MethodItems of the Comprehensive End-of-Life Care Competence Scale (CECCS) were developed according to a comprehensive core competence framework in EoLC and refined by a multi-disciplinary panel of experts. The psychometric properties were further tested through region-wide surveys of self-administered questionnaires completed by health and social care professionals in Hong Kong.ResultsParticipants comprised social workers, nurses, physicians, and allied health care professionals (445 participants in 2016, 410 in 2017, and 523 in 2018). Factor analysis validated the construct of the questionnaire which encompassed 26 items describing EoLC core competences in seven domains with satisfactory internal reliability (confirmatory factor analysis: χ2/df = 3.12, GFI = 0.85, TLI = 0.93, CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.07; Cronbach's alphas ranged from 0.89 to 0.97): overarching value & knowledge, communication skills, symptom management, psychosocial and community care, end-of-life decision-making, bereavement care, and self-care. Higher perceived levels in these competences were correlated with a higher level of job meaningfulness and satisfaction (r ranged from 0.17 to 0.39, p < 0.01) and correlated with lower perceived stress (r ranged from –0.11 to –0.28, p < 0.05). Regression analysis found that age and work involvement in EoLC were positively associated with the perceived competences in all domains; professionals working in hospices reported higher levels of competence than workers in other settings; social workers showed lower perceived competences in symptom management, but higher levels in bereavement care than other health care professionals.Significance of resultsThe validity and internal reliability of CECCS were demonstrated. The levels of perceived competences working in EoLC were significantly associated with professionals’ job-related well-being. Practically, there is still room for improvement in comprehensive competences among health and social care workers in Hong Kong.
How Affective Polarization Shapes Americans’ Political Beliefs: A Study of Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Druckman James N. , Klar Samara , Krupnikov Yanna , Levendusky Matthew , Ryan John Barry 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAffective polarization – partisans’ dislike and distrust of those from the other party – has reached historically high levels in the United States. While numerous studies estimate its effect on apolitical outcomes (e.g., dating and economic transactions), we know much less about its effects on political beliefs. We argue that those who exhibit high levels of affective polarization politicize ostensibly apolitical issues and actors. An experiment focused on responses to COVID-19 that relies on pre-pandemic, exogenous measures of affective polarization supports our expectations. Partisans who harbor high levels of animus towards the other party do not differentiate the “United States’” response to COVID-19 from that of the Trump administration. Less affectively polarized partisans, in contrast, do not politicize evaluations of the country’s response. Our results provide evidence of how affective polarization, apart from partisanship itself, shapes substantive beliefs. Affective polarization has political consequences and political beliefs stem, in part, from partisan animus.