bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Am Anfang war der Fuß
Authors: Heel Christian 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungVier Millionen Jahre Entwicklung stecken im Design des Fußes. Dementsprechend ausgeklügelt ist sein System. Die Untersuchung und Therapie sollten aber nicht am Fuß stecken bleiben, da gerade das Zusammenspiel von Hüfte und Fuß für eine optimale Funktion entscheidend sein kann.
Einfluss der passiven Nackenflexion während neurodynamischer Testungen auf die muskuläre Rekrutierung der unteren Extremität
Authors: Maliszewski Kevin , Snowdon David , von Piekartz Harry , Möller Dirk 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungEine Nackenflexion beeinflusst nachweislich die Mechanosensibilität von neurodynamischen Testungen der unteren Extremität. In der Literatur wird diskutiert, ob sich dieses Phänomen durch eine erhöhte (intraneurale) Spannung des Nervengewebes und/oder einen protektiven Reflexmechanismus des motorischen Systems erklären lässt. Bislang konnte kein protektiver Mechanismus in Form einer modifizierten muskulären Rekrutierung als mechanosensibler Parameter zwischen der passiven Nackenflexion und der unteren Extremität gemessen werden.Alle in diese Querschnittsstudie eingeschlossenen 30 asymptomatischen, männlichen Probanden führten den neurodynamischen Straight-Leg-Raise-Test und Slump-Test durch. Um einen möglichen Einfluss der passiven Nackenflexion auf die muskuläre Rekrutierung der unteren Extremität festzustellen, wurden während dieser sensibilisierenden Bewegung die muskuläre Rekrutierung und das Bewegungsausmaß mittels Elektromyografie und Inertialsensorik (kinematische Messtechnik) gemessen.Die Studienergebnisse bestätigten einen segmentübergreifenden Einfluss der passiven Nackenflexion auf die muskuläre Rekrutierung der unteren Extremität. Deren Muster deuten möglicherweise auf einen protektiven muskulären Mechanismus in endgradigen neurodynamischen Positionen hin.
Diffuse Leptomeningeal Glioneuronal Tumor in a 4.5-year-old Girl: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gabryś Anna , Kuzaj Julia , Pawełczak Dominika , Seliga Katarzyna , Jelińska Agnieszka , Tysarowski Andrzej , Grajkowska Wiesława , Kwiatkowski Stanisław 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDiffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT) is an entity introduced in 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system. The tumor occurs very rarely. Due to the lack of specific clinical and radiological features, biopsy is necessary to be performed and histological and immunohistochemical testing is essential to reach the diagnosis. A 4.5-year-old girl presented with a history of headache, vomiting, and right eye convergent squint. Imaging revealed multiple enhancing lesions located supra- and infratentorially and intramedullary. Histopathological examination demonstrated diffused growth of neoplastic cells. Molecular testing revealed KIAA1549-BRAF fusion and the diagnosis of DLGNT was stated.
A Cross-Sectional Study of 0.6 Million Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the United States
Authors: Rethemiotaki Irene 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an increasingly recognized chronic neurodevelopmental disorder. This work aims at studying the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with ADHD in the United States in the period between 2009 and 2018. Data from the National Health Interview Survey were analyzed by univariate and multivariate statistics to assess the role of socioeconomic factors in the development of ADHD. It has been studied 615,608 children, 51.2% male and 48.7% female. The prevalence of ADHD was 9.13%, with males predominating over females. The number of children with ADHD increased from 2009 to 2018 by 14.8%. As specified by multiple logistic regression analysis, males (odds ratio [OR] 2.38) who have neither mother nor father (OR 1.76) are twice as likely to have ADHD compared with their peers. In addition, family income (OR 1.40) and parent's education (OR 1.12) were significantly associated with ADHD. It has been highlighted the significance of deprivation of both family and financial comfort as primary indicators for ADHD in children. Moreover, children with ADHD were more likely to be males in the age group of 12 to 17.
Africa’s stalled structural transformation: the end of the flying geese?
Authors: Munyi Elijah N. 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARY
Is structural transformation happening in Africa, and can African states count on the neoliberal flying geese paradigm for industrialisation? Using recent data from World Bank and United Nations Conference of Trade and Development reports, this briefing suggests not. The post-2008 crisis ‘end of labour-cost arbitrage opportunities’ have nullified Africa’s attractiveness in global labour-intensive manufacturing. This is a position that negates the generally optimistic narrative recently espoused by the Journal of African Economies (vol. 27) on Africa’s industrialisation and China’s putative catalytic role in it.
Femtosecond PLD-grown YF3 nanoparticle thin films as improved filterless VUV photoconductive detectors
Authors: Yu Xi , Cadatal-Raduban Marilou , Kato Seiya , Kase Masahiko , Ono Shingo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A photoconductive detector (PCD) responding only to vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiations below 180 nm without any filter was fabricated using an yttrium fluoride (YF3) thin film grown by femtosecond (fs) laser pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The structural morphology (particle size and surface roughness) of the thin film was improved using a low laser fluence and a high substrate temperature during the fabrication. The smallest average particle size achieved was 159 nm with a roughness of 37 nm at a laser fluence of 13.5 J cm−2 and a substrate temperature of 400 °C. The resistances for the dark current of the PCD increased from 10 TΩ to 680 TΩ using YF3 thin films with a smaller average nanoparticle diameter of 159 nm rather than 330 nm. The time response of the PCD to a VUV flash lamp emitting at 170 nm showed that a small average nanoparticle diameter results to a fast response time. By covering the Al electrode pairs with another fs PLD-grown YF3 film, the influence of external photoelectric effect was suppressed and the response wavelength edge decreased from 280 nm to 180 nm without any filter. The filterless PCD is expected to enhance the use of fluoride thin films in conjunction with VUV light sources for various scientific and industrial applications.
Artificial lateral line based relative state estimation between an upstream oscillating fin and a downstream robotic fish
Authors: Zheng Xingwen , Wang Wei , Li Liang , Xie Guangming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The lateral line enables fish to efficiently sense the surrounding environment, thus assisting flow-related fish behaviors. Inspired by this phenomenon, varieties of artificial lateral line systems (ALLSs) have been developed and applied to underwater robots. This article focuses on using the pressure sensor arrays based ALLS-measured hydrodynamic pressure variations (HPVs) for estimating the relative states between an upstream oscillating fin and a downstream robotic fish. The HPVs and relative states are measured in flume experiments in which the oscillating fin and the robotic fish have been locate with upstream-downstream formation in a flume. The relative states include the relative oscillating frequency, amplitude, and offset of the upstream oscillating fin to the downstream robotic fish, the relative vertical distance, the relative yaw angle, the relative pitch angle, and the relative roll angle between the upstream oscillating fin and the downstream robotic fish. Regression models between the ALLS-measured and the mentioned relative states are investigated, and regression models-based relative state estimations are conducted. Specifically, two criteria are proposed firstly to investigate not only the sensitivity of each pressure sensor to the variations of relative state but also the insufficiency and redundancy of the pressure sensors. And thus the pressure sensors used for regression analysis are determined. Then four typical regression methods, including random forest (RF) algorithm, support vector regression, back propagation neural network, and multiple linear regression method are used for establishing regression models between the ALLS-measured HPVs and the relative states. Then regression effects of the four methods are compared and discussed. Finally, the RF-based method, which has the best regression effect, is used to estimate the relative yaw angle and oscillating amplitude using the ALLS-measured HPVs and exhibits excellent estimation performance.
Tunabot Flex: a tuna-inspired robot with body flexibility improves high-performance swimming
Authors: White Carl H , Lauder George V , Bart-Smith Hilary 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Tunas are flexible, high-performance open ocean swimmers that operate at high frequencies to achieve high swimming speeds. Most fish-like robotic systems operate at low frequencies (≤3 Hz) resulting in low swim speeds (≤1.5 body lengths per second), and the cost of transport (COT) is often one to four orders of magnitude higher than that of tunas. Furthermore, the impact of body flexibility on high-performance fish swimming remains unknown. Here we design and test a research platform based on yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) to investigate the role of body flexibility and to close the performance gap between robotic and biological systems. This single-motor platform, termed Tunabot Flex, measures 25.5 cm in length. Flexibility is varied through joints in the tail to produce three tested configurations. We find that increasing body flexibility improves self-propelled swimming speeds on average by 0.5 body lengths per second while reducing the minimum COT by 53%. The most flexible configuration swims 4.60 body lengths per second with a tail beat frequency of 8.0 Hz and a COT measuring 18.4 J kg−1 m−1. We then compare these results in addition to the midline kinematics, stride length, and Strouhal number with yellowfin tuna data. The COT of Tunabot Flex’s most flexible configuration is less than a half-order of magnitude greater than that of yellowfin tuna across all tested speeds. Tunabot Flex provides a new baseline for the development of future bio-inspired underwater vehicles that aim to explore a fish-like, high-performance space and close the gap between engineered robotic systems and fish swimming ability.
Totally organic electrical skin patch powered by flexible biobattery
Authors: Yoshida Shotaro , Abe Hiroya , Abe Yuina , Kusama Shinya , Tsukada Kenichi , Komatsubara Ryo , Nishizawa Matsuhiko 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An electrical skin patch that can be flexibly attached to the skin and activated in 30 s by adding water was developed by integrating a built-in flexible glucose/O2 biobattery. The latter consisted of a glucose dehydrogenase (GDH)-modified anode and an iron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc)-modified cathode. The quick activation of the patch components by water addition deep inside the patch was achieved by using a flexible water-absorbing sponge containing glucose and buffer electrolyte. A patch current of about 10 μA was maintained for more than 12 h by optimizing the amount of glucose and electrolyte contained in the sponge tank. The entire patch was soft and highly flexible to conform to curved skin surfaces, owing to its thinness (<2 mm) and the flexibility of all the patch components, including the enzyme electrodes based on the carbon fabric.
Compositional diversity and evolutionary pattern of coronavirus accessory proteins
Authors: Shang Jingzhe , Han Na , Chen Ziyi , Peng Yousong , Li Liang , Zhou Hangyu , Ji Chengyang , Meng Jing , Jiang Taijiao , Wu Aiping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Accessory proteins play important roles in the interaction between coronaviruses and their hosts. Accordingly, a comprehensive study of the compositional diversity and evolutionary patterns of accessory proteins is critical to understanding the host adaptation and epidemic variation of coronaviruses. Here, we developed a standardized genome annotation tool for coronavirus (CoroAnnoter) by combining open reading frame prediction, transcription regulatory sequence recognition and homologous alignment. Using CoroAnnoter, we annotated 39 representative coronavirus strains to form a compositional profile for all of the accessary proteins. Large variations were observed in the number of accessory proteins of 1–10 for different coronaviruses, with SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV having the most (9 and 10, respectively). The variation between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins could be traced back to related coronaviruses in other hosts. The genomic distribution of accessory proteins had significant intra-genus conservation and inter-genus diversity and could be grouped into 1, 4, 2 and 1 types for alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-coronaviruses, respectively. Evolutionary analysis suggested that accessory proteins are more conservative locating before the N-terminal of proteins E and M (E-M), while they are more diverse after these proteins. Furthermore, comparison of virus-host interaction networks of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV accessory proteins showed that they share multiple antiviral signaling pathways, those involved in the apoptotic process, viral life cycle and response to oxidative stress. In summary, our study provides a tool for coronavirus genome annotation and builds a comprehensive profile for coronavirus accessory proteins covering their composition, classification, evolutionary pattern and host interaction.
33 CRISCO-UGIS: COMPOSITE RISK SCORE TO PREDICT POST-OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS FOR UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER SURGERY
Authors: Kammili A , Trépanier M , Naghawi H , Cools-Lartigue J , Mulder D , Ferri L , Mueller C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Gastroesophagectomy for cancer is associated with high risk of morbidity and mortality. Careful patient selection for surgery is essential for optimizing outcomes. The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable composite risk calculator to inform pre-operative decision-making using readily available patient and tumour characteristics.

Methods
Patients undergoing curative-intent resection for gastroesophageal cancer from January 2010 to December 2018 were identified from a prospectively collected database. Data were verified and collected from patients’ medical records. Multiple logistic regression modeling identified pre-operative variables associated with significantly elevated risk of moderate to severe post-operative complications (Clavien-Dindo score ≥ 2) within 30 days of surgery and a nomogram was developed to form the composite risk score (CRiSCo-UGIS). Internal model validation was performed.

Results
Among 520 patients, independent pre-operative risk factors for complications were: female sex, age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index ≥5, albumin &lt;35 g/L, proximal tumour location (esophagus and gastroesophageal junction) and reduced performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 2–3) (Table 1). CRiSCo-UGIS had a good model fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.47, area under receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.69). The overall observed-to-expected ratio was 1.0 [95% confidence interval 0.9–1.1]. Patients were divided into low (0), moderate (1–2) and high (≥3 points) risk categories. The observed risk of complications was: 42% in low-risk, 53% in moderate-risk and 80% in high-risk.

Conclusion
CRiSCo-UGIS can reliably predict post-operative complications for gastroesophageal cancer resection based on readily available pre-operative characteristics. This composite score can be used to guide patient selection for surgery and enhance informed consent discussions.
52 SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES OF RAMIE VERSUS TLE FOR LOCALLY ADVANCED ESOPHAGEAL CANCER AFTER NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY: A PROPENSITY SCORE-MATCHED ANALYSIS
Authors: Guo X , Jiang H , Li B , Sun Y , Hua R , Li Z 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the short-term outcomes of esophagectomy (RAMIE) versus thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy (TLE) for patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for locally advanced esophageal cancer in a propensity matched cohort.

Methods
Data for consecutive patients receiving nCRT plus RAMIE or TLE were collected prospectively from February 2016 to December 2019. Baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes of the RAMIE and TLE groups were retrospectively compared.

Results
After propensity matching, 48 pairs were identified. The conversion rate to open thoracotomy was comparable in RAMIE and TLE (4.2% vs 6.3%, P = 1). Median operative time in RAMIE was significantly shorter than TLE (237 vs 271 min, P &lt; 0.001). Compared with TLE group, the median number of dissected lymph nodes was higher in RAMIE group at the left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) area [2 (1–3) vs 1 (0–2), P = 0.014], total RLN area [4.5 (2.0–7.0) vs 2.5 (1.0–5.0), P = 0.008], and thoracic area [10.5(7.0–16.0) vs 8.5(5.0–14.5), P = 0.049]. There was no significant difference in pneumonia, leakage, and vocal cord paralysis.

Conclusion
Compared to traditional TLE, RAMIE can achieve more lymph nodes yield at the RLN region and shorter operative time for the patients undergoing nCRT with comparable postoperative outcomes.
62 THE STERNO-TRACHEAL DISTANCE IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF ANASTOMOTIC LEAKAGE OF RETROSTERNAL GASTRIC TUBE RECONSTRUCTION AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY
Authors: Inoue S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a serious complication after esophagectomy. The retrosternal (RS) route has been selected majorly to reduce reflux and related pneumonia and considering mediastinal recurrences. AL has been developed more in RS than posterior mediastinal (PM) route reconstruction. Therefore, we suspected the sterno-tracheal distance (STD) might be related to AL and started the selection according to the STD from 2009.

Methods
A total of 221 patients who underwent a subtotal esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction during January 2004—April 2017 were investigated. The patients were classified into the 'after STD selection' (A; n = 144) group and the 'before STD selection' (B, n = 77) group. The incidences of and the risk factors for AL between the two groups were compared.

Results
The incidence of AL was high in the B group (18.2%), and 78.6% of the patients who developed AL were treated with RS route. The median STDs of the patients with AL and no AL were 10.3 mm and 14.5 mm, respectively (p = 0.001). These results demonstrated that the STD was a risk factor for AL in the RS route. Based on these results, 13 mm was set as the cutoff value. After STD selection, the median STD increased from 14.0 mm to 17.3 mm (p = 0.001), and the incidence of AL decreased significantly from 26.2% to 11.1% in the RS route (p = 0.037).

Conclusion
The STD was the independent risk factor for AL in the RS route. RS route reconstruction should be avoided for the patients with STD &lt;13 mm.
64 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AFFECTING LONG-TERM PROGNOSIS AFTER ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF ESOPHAGEAL VARICES
Authors: Nishimura T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Gastroesophageal varices are present in approximately 50% of patients with cirrhosis, and their rupture is a life-threatening complication. However, mortality rates have declined due to the progress in the management of these patients. Especially advances in endoscopic treatment have contributed to the improved survival rates. In this study, we investigated the prognostic factors associated with long-term survival after endoscopic treatment for esophageal varices.

Methods
The subjects were 260 patients who underwent initial endoscopic treatment for esophageal varices in our hospital between January 1997 and June 2019. Among them, 160 successfully followed up. The patients’ characteristics were: mean age, 65.4 years (29–85); 109 men and 51 women; and median survival period, 53 months. For analysis, subjects were divided into long-term survival and non-long-term survival groups (n = 59 for each) with a 53-month survival period as a cut-off value.

Results
The long-term/non-long-term survival group had a preoperative Child-Pugh score of 6.2 ± 1.1/7.4 ± 2.0 (p &lt; 0.01) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presence rate was 25.4%/55.9% (p &lt; 0.01), significantly higher in the non-long-term group. Analysis of the factors affecting survival period using Cox proportional hazards model showed that Child-Pugh score B or C [hazard ratio(HR):2.0143, p &lt; 0.05], total bilirubin value≧ 2 [HR:2.5573, p &lt; 0.05], and presence of HCC [HR:2.2450, p &lt; 0.01] were noted as significant factors. Only presence of HCC was found to be a significant factor affecting the long-term survival using multiple logistic regression analysis [odds ratio:0.3463, p &lt; 0.05].

Conclusion
Our study revealed that liver function and the presence of HCC affect long-term prognosis after endoscopic treatment for esophageal varices.
406 REVIEWING THE DYSPLASIA DURING LONG FU OF BARRETT’S ESOPHAGUS. SHOULD WE RELY ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF DYSPLASIA?
Authors: Szachnowicz S , Duarte A , Mattos B , Iriya K , Bianchi E , Seguro F , da Rocha J , Sallum R , Cecconello I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Barrett’ s esophagus (BE) is a complication of severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The major concern aspect is its association to dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma. The endoscopic treatment of the epithelium, as well as the follow-up (FU) period, should be guided according to the diagnosis and the worst degree of dysplasia found in the last endoscopies. However, we are aware of the great difficulty and variation among pathologists in diagnosing and grading dysplasia in BE.

Methods
Aim: Review new diagnoses of low- and high-grade dysplasia (LGD and HGD) in BE with specialized pathologists during long-term FU in clinical or surgical treatment for GERD
From January 1980 to July 2019, 738 patients with BE were FU (average of 98 months), with routine endoscopic examination each 2 years with multiple biopsies, in patients with BE without dysplasia. 48 patients were diagnosed with any grade of dysplasia on FU endoscopic biopsies. The biopsies were reviewed by specialized pathologists and evaluated epidemiologic data, clinical or surgical treatment for the GERD and about the confirmation, downgrade or upgrade of dysplasia degree.

Results
48 patients were reviewed, 32 males. The medium age was 61,9 YO (29 -93). Only 18 patients were in follow-up after surgical treatment for GERD. 9 patients had first diagnosis of in situ Adenocarcinoma, after review 8 were confirmed and treated and 1 were downgrade to HGD. 8 patients had first HGD and after review, 2 were upgrade to Adenocarcinoma, 4 were confirmed as HGD (endoscopic treatment) and 2 downgraded to no dysplasia BE. 31 patients had first LGD. 2 had upgrade to HGD/Adeno, 8 are in FU annually and 21 were downgrade to non dysplastic BE.

Conclusion
The diagnosis of dysplasia in BE remains a challenge. 23 of 48 (47%) of our patients once marked with any grade of dysplasia, were downgrade after pathological review and FU to non dysplasic BE. These difficulty of appropriate dysplasia degree diagnosis could make some mistakes in BE treatment and surveilance.