bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the experiences and perspectives of substitute decision-makers involved in decisions about deceased organ donation: a qualitative study protocol
Authors: Crawshaw Jacob , Presseau Justin , van Allen Zack , Pinheiro Carvalho Livia , Jordison Kim , English Shane , Fergusson Dean A , Lauzier Francois , Turgeon Alexis F , Sarti Aimee J , Martin Claudio , D'Aragon Frédérick , Li Alvin Ho-ting , Knoll Greg , Ball Ian , Brehaut Jamie , Burns Karen E A , Fortin Marie-Chantal , Weiss Matthew , Meade Maureen , Marsolais Pierre , Shemie Sam , Zaabat Sanabelle , Dhanani Sonny , Kitto Simon C , Chassé Michaël 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionIn Canada, deceased organ donation provides over 80% of transplanted organs. At the time of death, families, friends or others assume responsibility as substitute decision-makers (SDMs) to consent to organ donation. Despite their central role in this process, little is known about what barriers, enablers and beliefs influence decision-making among SDMs. This study aims to explore the experiences and perspectives of SDMs involved in making decisions around the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies, end-of-life care and deceased organ donation.Methods and analysisSDMs of 60 patients admitted to intensive care units will be enrolled for this study. Ten hospitals across five provinces in Canada in a prospective multicentre qualitative cohort study. We will conduct semistructured telephone interviews in English or French with SDMs between 6 and 8 weeks after the patient’s death. Our sampling frame will stratify SDMs into three groups: SDMs who were not approached for organ donation; SDMs who were approached and consented to donate and SDMs who were approached but did not consent to donate. We will use two complementary theoretical frameworks—the Common-Sense Self-Regulation Model and the Theoretical Domains Framework— to inform our interview guide. Interview data will be analysed using deductive directed content analysis and inductive thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal Research Ethics Board. The findings from this study will help identify key factors affecting substitute decision-making in deceased organ donation, reasons for non-consent and barriers to achieve congruency between SDM and patient wishes. Ultimately, these data will contribute to the development and evaluation of tools and training for healthcare providers to support SDMs in making decisions about organ donation.Trial registration numberNCT03850847.
The impact of microbial keratitis on quality of life in Uganda
Authors: Arunga Simon , Wiafe Geoffrey , Habtamu Esmael , Onyango John , Gichuhi Stephen , Leck Astrid , Macleod David , Hu Victor , Burton Matthew 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundMicrobial keratitis (MK) is a frequent cause of sight loss in sub-Saharan Africa. However, no studies have formally measured its impact on quality of life (QoL) in this context.MethodsAs part of a nested case–control design for risk factors of MK, we recruited patients presenting with MK at two eye units in Southern Uganda between December 2016 and March 2018 and unaffected individuals, individually matched for sex, age and location. QoL was measured using WHO Health-Related and Vision-Related QoL tools (at presentation and 3 months after start of treatment in cases). Mean QoL scores for both groups were compared. Factors associated with QoL among the cases were analysed in a linear regression model.Results215 case-controls pairs were enrolled. The presentation QoL scores for the cases ranged from 20 to 65 points. The lowest QoL was visual symptom domain; mean 20.7 (95% CI 18.8 to 22.7) and the highest was psychosocial domain; mean 65.6 (95% CI 62.5 to 68.8). At 3 months, QoL scores for the patients ranged from 80 to 90 points while scores for the controls ranged from 90 to 100. The mean QoL scores of the cases were lower than controls across all domains. Determinants of QoL among the cases at 3 months included visual acuity at 3 months and history of eye loss.ConclusionMK severely reduces QoL in the acute phase. With treatment and healing, QoL subsequently improves. Despite this improvement, QoL of someone affected by MK (even with normal vision) remains lower than unaffected controls.
Canine behaviour problems in Brazil: a review of 180 referral cases
Authors: Ramos Daniela , Reche‐Junior Archivaldo , Henzel Marcelo , Mills Daniel S 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundBehavioural case loads may vary due to cultural differences, and so it is important to know how these differ with geography.MethodsOne hundred and eighty dog cases referred to a veterinary behaviourist in São Paulo (Brazil) during the period of 2008–2014 are described.ResultsAggression against people was the most common behavioural complaint (22.2 per cent of the cases), followed by apparent fears and phobias (13.3 per cent). Forms of aggression against other dogs (12.2 per cent) and repetitive behaviours (11.1 per cent) were third and fourth most frequent, respectively. Female and male patients were equally reported (47.6 and 52.4 per cent, respectively). These results differ slightly from the findings of other international studies, in which aggression was the main behavioural complaint with fears and phobias less common.ConclusionRegional demographic reviews of the case loads of veterinary behaviour specialists help the profession recognise the problems of most concern to pet owners in a given area and thus local priorities, as well as opening up the potential to generate new hypotheses relating to the reasons for regional differences.
Self similar collapse and the Raychaudhuri equation
Authors: Choudhury Shibendu Gupta , Chakrabarti Soumya , Dasgupta Ananda , Banerjee Narayan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe role of the Raychaudhuri equation in studying gravitational collapse is discussed. A self-similar distribution of a scalar field along with an imperfect fluid in a conformally flat spacetime is considered for the purpose. The general focusing condition is found out and verified against the available exact solutions. The connection between the Raychaudhuri equation and the critical phenomena is also explored.
Flow behavior and microstructure evolution of PM Ti-5553 alloy during 0.1 s−1 hot deformation
Authors: Zhao Qinyang , Yang Fei , Torrens Rob , Bolzoni Leandro 
Published: December 2019

The hot deformation behavior of powder metallurgy Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr (Ti-5553) alloy was investigated by isothermal compression test at the wide temperature range of [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]C, under an intermediate strain rate of 0.1 s[Formula: see text], and with the sample deformation degree of 30%, 50% and 70%. Results suggested that the flow stress was very sensitive to the deformation variables and it decreased with increasing the deformation temperature. Flow localization occurred when the temperature was lower than [Formula: see text]C, accompanied by the dynamic morphology changing of [Formula: see text] phase. Dynamic recovery (DRV) features appeared when the temperature was over [Formula: see text]C, while dynamic recrystallization (DRX) took a more important role than DRV for the alloy compressed at [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]C.
Geohazards in coastal areas near the northernmost Sagami Trough, central Japan: review of neotectonic activity in onshore and offshore areas of the Izu island arc collision–subduction zone
Authors: Mori S. , Ogawa Y. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The northernmost coast of Sagami Bay, central Japan, is situated in the eastern part of the Izu island arc collision–subduction zone where the Philippine Sea Plate has been subducted beneath the Eurasian Plate or North American Plate since the middle Miocene. It is an area at high risk of geological disaster because it is a developed suburban area located just 50–80 km SW of the megalopolis of Tokyo. We have used our own onshore and offshore neotectonic field data to create a summary of the geological and topographical information related to geohazards over various spatial and temporal ranges, and we provide additional information from archaeological and historical disaster records. The geological hazards and disasters are reviewed on a logarithmic timescale from 10 Ma to modern times. We examine this information with respect to the Great Kanto earthquakes that have repeatedly affected the present area, as they provide a typical example of hazard history on a collision–subduction zone that is useful not only for assessing the local risk but also for providing generic risk. The results can assist in preparedness for various geological hazards, particularly earthquakes, tsunamis, and crustal movements such as uplift and subsidence, as well as active faults and folds.
Eleanor Maccoby: An Abridged Memoir
Authors: Maccoby Eleanor 
Published: December 2019

Editor's Note Eleanor Maccoby wrote a book-length memoir of her life at age 99, two years before her death. It is a fascinating and richly detailed account of a life well lived, filled with reminiscences and perspectives that are written with Eleanor's characteristic honesty and humor. The excerpts in this article focus on Eleanor's professional career, starting when she and her husband, Nathan (“Mac”) Maccoby, moved to Washington, DC, during World War II. We invite interested readers to read the full memoir for insights into Eleanor's upbringing and personal life ( https://www.annualreviews.org/eleanormaccoby ).
Increased pulmonary blood volume variation in patients with heart failure compared to healthy controls: a noninvasive, quantitative measure of heart failure
Authors: Al-Mashat Mariam , Jögi Jonas , Carlsson Marcus , Borgquist Rasmus , Ostenfeld Ellen , Magnusson Martin , Bachus Erasmus , Rådegran Göran , Arheden Håkan , Kanski Mikael 
Published: December 2019

Variation of the blood content of the pulmonary vascular bed during a heartbeat can be quantified by pulmonary blood volume variation (PBVV) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim was to evaluate whether PBVV differs in patients with heart failure compared with healthy controls and investigate the mechanisms behind the PBVV. Forty-six patients and 10 controls underwent MRI. PBVV was calculated from blood flow measurements in the main pulmonary artery and a pulmonary vein, defined as the maximum difference in cumulative PBV over one heartbeat. PBVV was indexed to stroke volume (SV) in the main pulmonary artery (PBVVSV). Patients displayed higher PBVVSV than controls (58 ± 14 vs. 43 ± 7%, P < 0.001). The change in PBVVSV could be explained by left ventricular (LV) longitudinal contribution to SV ( R2 = 0.15, P = 0.02) and the phase shift between in- and outflow ( R2 = 0.31, P < 0.001) in patients. Both variables contributed to the multiple regression analysis model and predicted PBVVSV ( R2 = 0.38); however, the phase shift alone explained ~30% of the variation in PBVVSV. No correlation was found between PBVVSV and large vessel area. In conclusion, PBVVSV was higher in patients compared with controls. Approximately 40% of the variation of PBVVSV in patients can be explained by the LV longitudinal contribution to SV and the phase shift between pulmonary in- and outflow, where the phase shift alone accounts for ~30%. The remaining variation (60–70%) most likely occurs on a small vessel level. Future studies are needed to show the clinical added value of PBVVSV compared with right-heart catheterization. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that the pulmonary blood volume variation indexed to the stroke volume is higher in patients with heart failure compared with controls. The mechanisms behind this are lack of systolic suction from the left ventricular atrioventricular plane descent and increased phase shift between the in- and outflow to the pulmonary circulation (~40%), where the phase shift alone accounts for ~30%. The remaining variation (60–70%) is suggested to occur on a small vessel level.
An LTR Retrotransposon-Derived Long Noncoding RNA lncMER52A Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Binding p120-Catenin
Authors: Wu Yangjun , Zhao Yiming , Huan Lin , Zhao Jingjing , Zhou Yuqiang , Xu Linguo , Hu Zhixiang , Liu Yizhe , Chen Zhiao , Wang Lu , Huang Shenglin , He Xianghuo , Liang Linhui 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are a major class of transposable elements, accounting for 8.67% of the human genome. LTRs can serve as regulatory sequences and drive transcription of tissue or cancer-specific transcripts. However, the role of these LTR-activated transcripts, especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), in cancer development remains largely unexplored. Here, we identified a novel lncRNA derived from MER52A retrotransposons (lncMER52A) that was exclusively expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC patients with higher lncMER52A had advanced TNM stage, less differentiated tumors, and shorter overall survival. LncMER52A promoted invasion and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, lncMER52A stabilized p120-catenin and triggered the activation of Rho GTPase downstream of p120-catenin. Furthermore, we found that chromatin accessibility was crucial for the expression of lncMER52A. In addition, YY1 transcription factor bound to the cryptic MER52A LTR promoter and drove lncMER52A transcription in HCC. In conclusion, we identified an LTR-activated lncMER52A, which promoted the progression of HCC cells via stabilizing p120-catenin and activating p120-ctn/Rac1/Cdc42 axis. LncMER52A could serve as biomarker and therapeutic target for patients with HCC.

Significance:
A novel long noncoding RNA lncMER52 modulates cell migration and invasion via posttranslational control of p120-catenin protein stability.
Topological Tumor Graphs: A Graph-Based Spatial Model to Infer Stromal Recruitment for Immunosuppression in Melanoma Histology
Authors: Failmezger Henrik , Muralidhar Sathya , Rullan Antonio , de Andrea Carlos E. , Sahai Erik , Yuan Yinyin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Despite the advent of immunotherapy, metastatic melanoma represents an aggressive tumor type with a poor survival outcome. The successful application of immunotherapy requires in-depth understanding of the biological basis and immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we conducted spatially explicit analyses of the stromal-immune interface across 400 melanoma hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) specimens from The Cancer Genome Atlas. A computational pathology pipeline (CRImage) was used to classify cells in the H&E specimen into stromal, immune, or cancer cells. The estimated proportions of these cell types were validated by independent measures of tumor purity, pathologists' estimate of lymphocyte density, imputed immune cell subtypes, and pathway analyses. Spatial interactions between these cell types were computed using a graph-based algorithm (topological tumor graphs, TTG). This approach identified two stromal features, namely stromal clustering and stromal barrier, which represented the melanoma stromal microenvironment. Tumors with increased stromal clustering and barrier were associated with reduced intratumoral lymphocyte distribution and poor overall survival independent of existing prognostic factors. To explore the genomic basis of these TTG-derived stromal phenotypes, we used a deep learning approach integrating genomic (copy number) and transcriptomic data, thereby inferring a compressed representation of copy number-driven alterations in gene expression. This integrative analysis revealed that tumors with high stromal clustering and barrier had reduced expression of pathways involved in naïve CD4 signaling, MAPK, and PI3K signaling. Taken together, our findings support the immunosuppressive role of stromal cells and T-cell exclusion within the vicinity of melanoma cells.

Significance:
Computational histology-based stromal phenotypes within the tumor microenvironment are significantly associated with prognosis and immune exclusion in melanoma.
Villa-Lobos e o modernismo da Primeira República
Authors: Rodrigues Lutero 
Published: December 2019

Embora o que é reconhecido como Modernismo no Brasil tenha sido iniciado com a Semana de Arte Moderna de 1922, impondo-se à cultura do país e obrigando tudo aquilo que o antecedeu a ser visto segundo sua ótica exclusiva, a atividade cultural anterior, a partir da República, tivera características próprias e diferenciadas que não poderiam ser negligenciadas. Este trabalho pretende questionar a visão de um único Modernismo, tomando Villa-Lobos como figura central, já que o compositor atuou nos anos anteriores à Semana, e depois dela, tornou-se o principal nome da música nacionalista brasileira.
Bounded States, Negation Scope, and the Millennial Reign of the Saints (Revelation 20:4–5)
Authors: Jensen Aaron Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article discusses the linguistic issues which are involved in the interpretation of Rev 20:4–5. It demonstrates that the aorist tense-form of ἔζησαν in v. 4 neither necessarily nor even likely here results in the inchoative reading favored by premillennialist interpreters. It also provides two readings of v. 5 which fit naturally with a non-inchoative reading.
The Historical Reception of the Yijing in the Tangut State
Authors: Wai-Ming Ng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Yijing [Classic of Changes] was an influential Chinese text in the Sinosphere, but its reception in the non-Sinic neighboring nations of China remains largely unknown. This is a pioneering study of the popularization and uses of the Yijing in the Tangut state based primarily on Tangut documents unearthed in Khara-Khoto, highlighting the ways that the Yijing’s symbolism and divination were incorporated into Tangut traditions. Yijing-related ideas and practices played a considerable role in different aspects of Tangut culture such as medicine, architecture, art, military strategy, political terminology, calendars, divination and the perception of the world. The Tangut reception of the Yijing was selective and the preference for practical values was obvious. This pioneering study will shed new light on the popularization and localization of the Yijing in non-Sinic cultures in Asia and the making of a Yijing cultural sphere in Asia.
The Studies of Chinese Diasporas in Colonial Southeast Asia: Theories, Concepts, and Histories
Authors: Huy Le Anh Sy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article provides a state-of-the-field assessment of a large body of English-language scholarship on Chinese migration to colonial Southeast Asia. It first explores the theoretical literature that grapples with the conceptual utility of “diaspora” as well as the attempted periodization and identities. It then turns the analytical gaze to the paradigm-shifting debates on transnational Chinese capitalism wherein the studies of networks, enterprises, and commerce in the age of empire have questioned the validity of “Chinese-ness” in dominant approaches to Chinese businesses and capital circulations. Finally, it engages with a growing scholarship on the social and cultural histories of Chinese diasporas that captures the diversity of their experiences, family and kinship networks, survival strategies, and Chinese encounters with the colonial powers. Rather than exhaustive, the article selectively focuses on the most productive areas of research that have preoccupied major scholarly debates in the field and hopes to shed light on new research directions.
Conducting a health education needs assessment in rural Nicaragua
Authors: Steppe Johnathan D , Blake Barbara J , Dyal Mari-Amanda , Bailey Theresa S , Porter Kandice J , Thompson Jon 
Published: December 2019

Objective: Each year, humanitarian groups provide health education programmes and interventions to underserved communities in Nicaragua. The purpose of this study was to identify the health education needs of a small community in rural Nicaragua to inform health education programming. Design: Mixed methods approach that used a quantitative survey and a qualitative questionnaire to determine health education priorities. Setting: Rural community in the Jinotega region of northern Nicaragua. Methods: The quantitative survey was completed by 125 participants to gauge the importance of specific health topics, while 49 of those participants also completed a qualitative questionnaire that solicited information about participants’ current health knowledge, beliefs and practices. Results: Quantitative results showed that participants ranked the prevention of respiratory illness as their highest education need, while exercise was their lowest priority. Smoking cessation and reducing alcohol use were viewed as significantly higher priorities by men than by women. Qualitative findings revealed five major themes related to reproductive health, respiratory health, nutrition, stress and exercise. Within each theme, participants demonstrated knowledge of health promoting behaviours; however, barriers to adopting healthy behaviours were also evident. For example, some female participants expressed feelings of powerlessness in sexual relationships despite knowledge of how sexually transmitted infections could be prevented. Participants also identified the importance of nutrition but described poor access to healthy foods. Conclusion: Findings from this study provided information to develop future health education programmes that build upon the community’s strengths while addressing the health topics most important to residents.
Growth, Distribution, and Crisis: The Workers’ Party Administrations
Authors: Fonseca Pedro Cezar Dutra , Arend Marcelo , Guerrero Glaison Augusto 
Published: December 2019

The economic policies of the governments of Lula da Silva (2003–2010) and Dilma Rousseff (2011–2016) combined orthodox measures with distinctive pro-growth measures that, although they deviated from neoliberalism, cannot be called “developmentalist” either. They lacked a long-term strategy for reversing the deindustrialization of the country or advancing to a new technological paradigm. They did, however, have a historical commitment to income redistribution that was largely implemented. The broad social pact proposed by Lula acknowledged the hegemony of financial capital, and its contradiction was that it protected the hegemonic group by means of monetary and fiscal policies that required growth in the gross domestic product, a favorable balance of payments, and a gap between wages and productivity. When these conditions no longer held, Rousseff responded to the crisis with a “new macroeconomic matrix” that amounted to the abandonment of Lula’s class-coalition pact. As políticas econômicas dos governos de Lula da Silva (2003–2010) e Dilma Rousseff (2011–2016) combinaram medidas ortodoxas com distintas medidas pró-crescimento que, embora se desviassem do neoliberalismo, também não podem ser chamadas de “desenvolvimentalista.” Eles careceram de uma estratégia de longo prazo para reverter a desindustrialização do país e avançar para um novo paradigma tecnológico. Eles tinham, no entanto, um compromisso histórico com a redistribuição de renda que foi implementada em grande parte. O amplo pacto social proposto por Lula reconheceu a hegemonia do capital financeiro, e sua contradição foi que protegia o grupo hegemônico por meio de políticas monetárias e fiscais que exigiam crescimento do produto interno bruto, uma balança de pagamentos favorável e uma lacuna entre salários e produtividade. Quando essas condições não mais se mantiveram, Rousseff respondeu à crise com uma “nova matriz macroeconômica” que resultou no abandono do pacto de coalizão de classes de Lula.