bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-Related Increases in Posterior Hippocampal Granularity Are Associated with Remote Detailed Episodic Memory in Development
Authors: Callaghan Bridget , Gasser Camille , Silvers Jennifer A. , VanTieghem Michelle , Choy Tricia , O'Sullivan Kaitlin , Tompary Alexa , Davachi Lila , Tottenham Nim 
Published: December 2020

Episodic memory is critical to human functioning. In adults, episodic memory involves a distributed neural circuit in which the hippocampus plays a central role. As episodic memory abilities continue to develop across childhood and into adolescence, studying episodic memory maturation can provide insight into the development and construction of these hippocampal networks, and ultimately clues to their function in adulthood. While past developmental studies have shown that the hippocampus helps to support memory in middle childhood and adolescence, the extent to which ongoing maturation within the hippocampus contributes to developmental change in episodic memory abilities remains unclear. In contrast, slower maturing regions, such as the PFC, have been suggested to be the neurobiological locus of memory improvements into adolescence. However, it is also possible that the methods used to detect hippocampal development during middle childhood and adolescence are not sensitive enough. Here, we examine how temporal covariance (or differentiation) in voxel representations within anterior and posterior hippocampus change with age to support the development of detailed recollection in male and female developing humans. We find age-related increases in the distinctiveness of temporal activation profiles in the posterior, but not anterior, hippocampus. Second, we show that this measure of granularity, when present during postencoding rest periods, correlates with the recall of detailed memories of preceding stimuli several weeks postencoding, suggesting that granularity may promote memory stabilization.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTStudying hippocampal maturation can provide insight into episodic memory development, as well as clues to episodic functioning in adulthood. Past work has shown evidence both for and against hippocampal contributions to age-related improvements in memory performance, but has relied heavily on univariate approaches (averaging activity across hippocampal voxels), which may not be sensitive to nuanced developmental change. Here we use a novel approach, examining time signatures in individual hippocampal voxels to reveal regionally specific (anterior vs posterior hippocampus) differences in the distinctiveness (granularity) of temporal activation profiles across development. Importantly, posterior hippocampus granularity during windows of putative memory stabilization was associated with long-term memory specificity. This suggests that the posterior hippocampus gradually builds the capacity to support detailed episodic recall.
Seasonal Variation in the Brain μ-Opioid Receptor Availability
Authors: Sun Lihua , Tang Jing , Liljenbäck Heidi , Honkaniemi Aake , Virta Jenni , Isojärvi Janne , Karjalainen Tomi , Kantonen Tatu , Nuutila Pirjo , Hietala Jarmo , Kaasinen Valtteri , Kalliokoski Kari , Hirvonen Jussi , Scheinin Harry , Helin Semi , Eerola Kim , Savontaus Eriika , Yatkin Emrah , Rinne Juha O. , Roivainen Anne , Nummenmaa Lauri 
Published: December 2020

Seasonal rhythms influence mood and sociability. The brain μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system modulates a multitude of seasonally varying socioemotional functions, but its seasonal variation remains elusive with no previously reportedin vivoevidence. Here, we first conducted a cross-sectional study with previously acquired human [11C]carfentanil PET imaging data (132 male and 72 female healthy subjects) to test whether there is seasonal variation in MOR availability. We then investigated experimentally whether seasonal variation in daylength causally influences brain MOR availability in rats. Rats (six male and three female rats) underwent daylength cycle simulating seasonal changes; control animals (two male and one female rats) were kept under constant daylength. Animals were scanned repeatedly with [11C]carfentanil PET imaging. Seasonally varying daylength had an inverted U-shaped functional relationship with brain MOR availability in humans. Brain regions sensitive to daylength spanned the socioemotional brain circuits, where MOR availability peaked during spring. In rats, MOR availabilities in the brain neocortex, thalamus, and striatum peaked at intermediate daylength. Varying daylength also affected the weight gain and stress hormone levels. We conclude that cerebral MOR availability in humans and rats shows significant seasonal variation, which is predominately associated with seasonal photoperiodic variation. Given the intimate links between MOR signaling and socioemotional behavior, these results suggest that the MOR system might underlie seasonal variation in human mood and social behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSeasonal rhythms influence emotion and sociability. The central μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system modulates numerous seasonally varying socioemotional functions, but its seasonal variation remains elusive. Here we used positron emission tomography to show that MOR levels in both human and rat brains show daylength-dependent seasonal variation. The highest MOR availability was observed at intermediate daylengths. Given the intimate links between MOR signaling and socioemotional behavior, these results suggest that the MOR system might underlie seasonal variation in human mood and social behavior.
Dynamics of a Mutual Inhibition Circuit between Pyramidal Neurons Compared to Human Perceptual Competition
Authors: Kogo Naoki , Kern Felix B. , Nowotny Thomas , van Ee Raymond , van Wezel Richard , Aihara Takeshi 
Published: December 2020

Neural competition plays an essential role in active selection processes of noisy and ambiguous input signals, and it is assumed to underlie emergent properties of brain functioning, such as perceptual organization and decision-making. Despite ample theoretical research on neural competition, experimental tools to allow neurophysiological investigation of competing neurons have not been available. We developed a “hybrid” system where real-life neurons and a computer-simulated neural circuit interacted. It enabled us to construct a mutual inhibition circuit between two real-life pyramidal neurons. We then asked what dynamics this minimal unit of neural competition exhibits and compared them with the known behavioral-level dynamics of neural competition. We found that the pair of neurons shows bistability when activated simultaneously by current injections. The addition of modeled synaptic noise and changes in the activation strength showed that the dynamics of the circuit are strikingly similar to the known properties of bistable visual perception: The distribution of dominance durations showed a right-skewed shape, and the changes of the activation strengths caused changes in dominance, dominance durations, and reversal rates as stated in the well-known empirical laws of bistable perception known as Levelt's propositions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVisual perception emerges as the result of neural systems actively organizing visual signals that involves selection processes of competing neurons. While the neural competition, realized by a “mutual inhibition” circuit has been examined in many theoretical studies, its properties have not been investigated in real neurons. We have developed a “hybrid” system where two real-life pyramidal neurons in a mouse brain slice interact through a computer-simulated mutual inhibition circuit. We found that simultaneous activation of the neurons leads to bistable activity. We investigated the effect of noise and the effect of changes in the activation strength on the dynamics. We observed that the pair of neurons exhibit dynamics strikingly similar to the known properties of bistable visual perception.
Characteristics of Hospitalized Children With SARS-CoV-2 in the New York City Metropolitan Area
Authors: Verma Sourabh , Lumba Rishi , Dapul Heda M. , Gold-von Simson Gabrielle , Phoon Colin K. , Lighter Jennifer L. , Farkas Jonathan S. , Vinci Alexandra , Noor Asif , Raabe Vanessa N. , Rhee David , Rigaud Mona , Mally Pradeep V. , Randis Tara M. , Dreyer Benard , Ratner Adam J. , Manno Catherine S. , Chopra Arun 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVES:
To describe the characteristics of hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in New York City metropolitan area.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study at 4 hospitals comprising 82 hospitalized children (0–21 years) who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 after symptoms and risk screening between March 1 and May 10, 2020. We subdivided patients on the basis of their admission to acute or critical care units and by age groups. Further subanalyses were performed between patients requiring respiratory support or no respiratory support.

RESULTS:
Twenty-three (28%) patients required critical care. Twenty-nine (35%) patients requiring respiratory support, with 9% needing mechanical ventilation, and 1 required extracorporeal support. All patients survived to discharge. Children with any comorbidity were more likely to require critical care (70% vs 37%, P = .008), with obesity as the most common risk factor for critical care (63% vs 28%, P = .02). Children with asthma were more likely to receive respiratory support (28% vs 8%, P = .02), with no difference in need for critical care (P = .26). Children admitted to critical care had higher rates of renal dysfunction at presentation (43% vs 10%, P = .002).

CONCLUSIONS:
Children with comorbidities (obesity and asthma in particular) were at increased risk for critical care admission and/or need for respiratory support. Children with renal dysfunction at presentation were more likely to require critical care.
Physiological characteristics and vase life responses of rose cut flowers (Rosa hybrida L. cv. ‘Royal Baccara’) to benzyl adenine and 1- metylcylcopropene
Authors: MIRZAKHANI Abbas , FARAZMANDI Mojdeh , SAJEDI Nour A. , NASRI Mohammad , GOMARIYAN Masoud 
Published: December 2020

+prolonging vase life and decreasing post-harvest losses are considered a basic strategy towards sustainable development of agriculture, and the application of growth regulators, e.g. benzyl adenine(BA) and 1-metylcylcopropane(1-MCP), is one of the practical methods for them. The effects of benzyl adenine(BA) and 1-metylcylcopropene(1-MCP) on some biochemical characteristics and vase life of rose cv. ‘Royal Baccara’ (Rosa hybrida L. cv. ‘Royal Baccara’), were explored in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017. The factors included BA at three levels of 0 (control), 75 and 150 ppm and 1-MCP in three levels of 0 (control), 1 and 2 µl/L-1. The results showed that the maximum soluble protein content was observed in 150 (ppm) BA+ 2 (µl.L-1) 1-MCP treatments on the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth days. The results of this research revealed that BA at the rates of 75 and 150 ppm and 1-MCP at the rates of 1 and 2 (µl.L-1) enhanced soluble protein content by 10.49, 13.37, 15.18, and 18.18 percent as compared to the control, respectively. The results showed that the maximum proline content was related to the control and the minimum content was observed in the plants treated with 150 (ppm) BA+ 2 (µl.L-1) 1-MCP. The endoproteases enzyme content was slightly decreased on the eighth day, indicating the efficacy of BA and 1-MCP in inhibiting the senescence process and prolonging vase life of rose flowers. The results showed that the application of 1 or 2 μl.L-1 1-MCP and 150 mg L-1 BA can improve the vase life of cut roses
Hunting for Quaternary Faults in Eastern Canada: A Critical Appraisal of Two Potential Candidates
Authors: Pinet Nicolas , Lamontagne Maurice , Duchesne Mathieu J. , Brake Virginia I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study documents two potential neotectonic features in the seismically active St. Lawrence estuary and western part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence of Quebec, Canada. Historically, the region is the locus of series of damaging earthquakes, including the 1663 M 7 earthquake, which suggests the occurrence of coseismic surface ruptures beneath the St. Lawrence River. In the western Gulf of St. Lawrence (Lower St. Lawrence seismic zone), a potential fault scarp identified on a vintage seismic profile has been investigated through high-resolution seismic and multibeam bathymetry data. On the seafloor, the scarp corresponds to an ∼1.8  m high (maximum) feature that is located above a buried escarpment of the Paleozoic bedrock. Holocene units are draping over the escarpment on one profile, but are possibly cut on two others. The scarp meets several of the criteria generally associated with neotectonic features. However, a close look at the data indicates that the staircase geometry of the top of the bedrock and its expression at the surface is linked, at least partially, with the presence of an erosion-resistant unit. This makes a neotectonic reactivation possible but not proven. In the Tadoussac area, ∼40  km north of the Charlevoix seismic zone, the offshore extension of the St. Laurent fault corresponds to an ∼110  m high bathymetric escarpment with well-preserved triangular facets. Such “fresh” morphology is unique in the St. Lawrence River Estuary and may attest to Quaternary displacements, yet other interpretations may also explain the unusual preservation of the escarpment. These two case studies illustrate the difficulty to unambiguously document Holocene fault scarps, even in the marine domain in which the sedimentary succession is generally continuous.
Efficacy of Differentiated Instruction and Conventional Methods on Low Achievers’ Interest in Learning and Gender
Authors: Ojonugwa Dominic Solomon , Igbo Janet Ngozi , Apeh Hosea Abalaka , Ndukwu Eric Chima 
Published: December 2020

The need to seek for innovative teaching methods to enhance the interest of mathematics low achievers necessitated this study. This study examined the effect of differentiated instruction on low achievers’ interest in mathematics based on gender. The sample size for the study consists of 66 males and 80 females identified mathematics low achievers. The researchers used multi-stage sampling technique. Mathematics Interest Rating Scale was the instrument used in collecting data. The pre-test and post-test data were analyzed using mean, standard deviations and Analysis of Covariance. Results revealed that the use of differentiated instruction in teaching mathematics low achievers in primary school increased their interest in mathematics than conventional method. Influence of gender on interest of mathematics low achievers is significant. The interaction effect of instructional strategies and gender on mathematics interest of low achievers is not significant. The study provided empirical evidence that differentiated instruction acted as valuable tool for enhancing interest and achievement in mathematics therefore, researchers may benefit from the outcome of this article for further research. The data could serve as reference point for empirical study. Curriculum designers and text books authors may include information on the method in children’s’ text book.
ОБЛІКОВА ПОЛІТИКА ЗА МСФЗ ЯК ІНФОРМАЦІЙНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ АУДИТОРА
Authors: Карпачова Ольга 
Published: December 2020

Актуальним питанням на початку виконання завдання з аудиту є інформаційне забезпечення аудитора, яке стане базою для його якісної роботи. Таким базисом при аудиті підприємств, що складають свою звітність як за національними стандартами, так і за міжнародними стандартами, є облікова політика підприємства. Аудит облікової політики допомагає встановити відповідність міжнародним стандартам і чинним законодавчим актам, а також характеру діяльності підприємства. Тобто головною ціллю при аудиті облікової політики є вивчення внутрішніх документів підприємства, що регулюють питання організації і ведення бухгалтерського обліку.
Як показує аудиторська практика, підприємства, що перейшли на міжнародні стандарти, здебільшого не мають облікової політики, яка би повністю відповідала вимогам Міжнародних стандартів фінансової звітності.
Досліджено облікову політику, складену відповідно до вимог міжнародних стандартів, як інструмент інформаційного забезпечення аудитора. Досліджено ціль і завдання аудиту облікової політики. Розглянуто вимоги міжнародних стандартів до облікової політики і розкриття інформації про неї. Сформовано висновок щодо важливості облікової політики як інформаційного забезпечення аудитора.
Los derechos de la naturaleza en diálogo intercultural: una mirada a la jurisprudencia sobre los páramos andinos y los glaciares indios
Authors: Rodríguez Caguana Adriana , Morales Naranjo Viviana 
Published: December 2020

Las montañas de los Andes y del Himalaya poseen características bioculturales en común, ya que son fuentes de agua en territorios biodiversos y albergan a miles de familias campesinas e indígenas; sin embargo, ambas se encuentran en situación de eminente peligro por el extractivismo a gran escala. De ahí que las altas Cortes de Ecuador, Colombia y La India se vieron obligadas a pronunciarse frente a la crisis ecológica y cultural a la que se enfrentan sus sistemas montañosos. Para esto, construyeron una argumentación pluralista basada en el reconocimiento de los derechos de la naturaleza. Con el enfoque del concepto de interculturalidad, se analizará críticamente la jurisprudencia de estos tres Estados biodiversos y fuertemente impactados por las actividades antropocéntricas. Además, esta investigación evidenciará la importancia de desarrollar el contenido de los derechos de la naturaleza y los derechos de participación comunitaria desde la perspectiva biocultural.
Recibido: 08 abril 2020Aceptado: 02 octubre 2020
Incidência da supervisão pedagógica na formação contínua de professores das escolas primárias do Sumbe, Cuanza Sul Angola
Authors: Germano Santos Candeeiro 
Published: December 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma análise da incidência da supervisão pedagógica na formação contínua de professores das escolas primárias do Sumbee apresenta o objetivo contribuir no aperfeiçoamento profissional dos supervisores pedagógicos para a formação contínua dos professores das escolas primárias municipais, com vista a melhoria da qualidade do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O foco recaiu sobre o papel da supervisão, bem como sua relação com a formação contínua dos professores como sujeitos e intervenientes do processo, e colocados de lado diferente ao do supervisor. Outros benefícios da interação dos dois profissionais referenciados são a formação do aluno, a qualidade da educação, e consequentemente, a promoção de uma sociedade mais justa. Foi possível notar que os supervisores pedagógicos no exercício das suas funções estão focados no cumprimento das normas do ministério, em especial a parte das escolas, situação que tem pouca relação com as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas pelos professores. Percebeu-se um acompanhamento e uma formação continuada dos professores das escolas primárias do município, sobretudo das zonas rurais insatisfatório, o que nos levou a seguinte questão, como ponto departida desta investigação: qual é a incidência da supervisão pedagógica no acompanhamento e na formação continuada dos professores das escolas primárias do Sumbe? Para sua materialização foram utilizados métodos de nível do conhecimento teórico e empírico, assim como matemático e estatístico, apoiando-se pelo paradigma qualitativo. Foram realizadas entrevistas com Diretor Municipal da Educação, supervisores municipais, gestores de 07 escolas do município de Sumbe e professores das escolas selecionadas. Também foram analisados documentos orientadores da supervisão e sobre a superação de professores em Angola. Tendo em conta que este estudo não é o único nesta área tivemos como base teórica as investigações de Alarcão e Canha (2013), Manuel e Buza (n.d), Tafoi (2011), Dias (2005), Alves (2013), Kríapp, (Org.), (1980) assim como a Lei nº 17/16,(2016), PMFPA[1], (2008), Lucau et al. (2011).A triangulação dos dados recolhidos das fontes serviu para fazer uma interação deles com vista a encontrar os pontos fortes e fracos que em muitos casos têm servido de pontos de estrangulamento. [1] Plano Mestre de Formação de Professores em Angola
Vieses jornalísticos sobre o conceito de família a partir da Teoria Dialógica do Discurso
Authors: De Souza e Silva Fernanda Pinheiro , De Freitas Regis Herman Wagner 
Published: December 2020

Este artigo analisa os movimentos discursivos e dialógicos de três instituições midiáticas: Revistas Gospelmais, Carta Capital e a Fórum sobre o conceito de família, com o intuito de ponderar sobre como essas revistas refletem ou refratam o modelo hegemônico constitucional de família. O referencial teórico será embasado pela Teoria Dialógica do Discurso por esta fornecer à pesquisa um instrumental teórico instrumental pautado na investigação de sentidos de textos concretos, no caso, a análise de gêneros jornalísticos, analisando-os a partir das relações dialógicas desses discursos com outros discursos pelo Dialogismo de Mikhail Bakhtin.
Prácticas de lectura de textos literarios y lector escolar
Authors: Camponovo Lorena 
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo procura hacer una revisión teórica de la noción “protocolos de lectura” con el fin de pensar, de manera parcial y recortada, las prácticas de lectura de textos literarios en la escuela secundaria. El objetivo es comprender, desde la complejidad, una práctica cultural y escolar que propone diferentes modos de leer los textos literarios en el objeto libro para la formación del joven lector.
Para ello se tomará como caso un texto literario, El extraño caso de Dr. Jekyll y Mr, Hyde de Robert Louis Stevenson, en diferentes ediciones que circulan en la actualidad destinadas a la lectura por parte de los jóvenes en la escuela secundaria de la provincia de Salta (Argentina). La particularidad es que todas las ediciones se presentan específicamente en colecciones literarias juveniles y son las que se encuentran en las bibliotecas escolares y librerías de la provincia.
Paralelismos entre ilustradores de libros para niños: Vladimir Lébedev y Ayax Barnes
Authors: Krause Flavia M. J. 
Published: December 2020

Vladimir Lébedev (1891- 1967) subscribe a las corrientes vanguardistas históricas para la creación de imágenes de libros infantiles en un programa especial de publicaciones en la Revolución Rusa. Mi hipótesis es que su trabajo influyó en el de Ayax Barnes (1926-1994), ilustrador argentino que participó en proyectos innovadores de libros para niños durante los años sesenta y setenta en Argentina.
Mi análisis muestra que, a pesar de la distancia temporal y geográfica entre ellos, se pueden establecer paralelismos en cuanto a las elecciones desde lo estético, las corrientes artísticas que los influyen y la intencionalidad comunicativa de sus ilustraciones, vinculada al compromiso social y político.