bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inductor coil of the highest possible $$\mathbf {Q}$$
Authors: Rikhter A. , Fogler M. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe geometry of an inductor made of a long thin wire and having the highest possible Q-factor is found by numerical optimization. As frequency increases, the Q-factor first grows linearly and then according to a square-root law, while the cross-section of the optimal coil evolves from near-circular to sickle-shaped.
Cerebral diffusion kurtosis imaging to assess the pathophysiology of postpartum depression
Authors: Sasaki Yuri , Ito Kenji , Fukumoto Kentaro , Kawamura Hanae , Oyama Rie , Sasaki Makoto , Baba Tsukasa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPostpartum depression (PPD), a main cause of maternal suicide, is an important issue in perinatal mental health. Recently, cerebral diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have shown reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. There are, however, no reports using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) for evaluation of PPD. This was a Japanese single-institutional prospective study from 2016 to 2019 to examine the pathophysiological changes in the brain of PPD patients using DKI. The DKI data from 3.0 T MRI of patients one month after delivery were analyzed; the patients were examined for PPD by a psychiatrist. The mean kurtosis (MK), FA and mean diffusivity (MD) were calculated from the DKI data and compared between PPD and non-PPD groups using tract-based spatial statistics analysis. Of the 75 patients analyzed, eight patients (10.7%) were diagnosed as having PPD. In the PPD group, FA values in the white matter and thalamus were significantly lower and MD values in the white matter and putamen were significantly higher. The area with significant differences in MD value was more extensive (40.8%) than the area with significant differences in FA value (6.5%). These findings may reflect pathophysiological differences of PPD compared with MDD.
The anti-apoptotic Coxiella burnetii effector protein AnkG is a strain specific virulence factor
Authors: Schäfer Walter , Schmidt Teresa , Cordsmeier Arne , Borges Vítor , Beare Paul A. , Pechstein Julian , Schulze-Luehrmann Jan , Holzinger Jonas , Wagner Nicole , Berens Christian , Heydel Carsten , Gomes João Paulo , Lührmann Anja 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ability to inhibit host cell apoptosis is important for the intracellular replication of the obligate intracellular pathogenCoxiella burnetii, as it allows the completion of the lengthy bacterial replication cycle. Effector proteins injected into the host cell by theC. burnetiitype IVB secretion system (T4BSS) are required for the inhibition of host cell apoptosis. AnkG is one of these anti-apoptotic effector proteins. The inhibitory effect of AnkG requires its nuclear localization, which depends on p32-dependent intracellular trafficking and importin-α1-mediated nuclear entry of AnkG. Here, we compared the sequences ofankGfrom 37 C. burnetiiisolates and classified them in three groups based on the predicted protein size. The comparison of the three different groups allowed us to identify the first 28 amino acids as essential and sufficient for the anti-apoptotic activity of AnkG. Importantly, only the full-length protein from the first group is abona fideeffector protein injected into host cells during infection and has anti-apoptotic activity. Finally, using theGalleria mellonellainfection model, we observed that AnkG from the first group has the ability to attenuate pathology during in vivo infection, as it allows survival of the larvae despite bacterial replication.
Repeatability of binarization thresholding methods for optical coherence tomography angiography image quantification
Authors: Mehta Nihaal , Braun Phillip X. , Gendelman Isaac , Alibhai A. Yasin , Arya Malvika , Duker Jay S. , Waheed Nadia K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBinarization is a critical step in analysis of retinal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images, but the repeatability of metrics produced from various binarization methods has not been fully assessed. This study set out to examine the repeatability of OCTA quantification metrics produced using different binarization thresholding methods, all of which have been applied in previous studies, across multiple devices and plexuses. Successive 3 × 3 mm foveal OCTA images of 13 healthy eyes were obtained on three different devices. For each image, contrast adjustments, 3 image processing techniques (linear registration, histogram normalization, and contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization), and 11 binarization thresholding methods were independently applied. Vessel area density (VAD) and vessel length were calculated for retinal vascular images. Choriocapillaris (CC) images were quantified for VAD and flow deficit metrics. Repeatability, measured using the intra-class correlation coefficient, was inconsistent and generally not high (ICC < 0.8) across binarization thresholds, devices, and plexuses. In retinal vascular images, local thresholds tended to incorrectly binarize the foveal avascular zone as white (i.e., wrongly indicating flow). No image processing technique analyzed consistently resulted in highly repeatable metrics. Across contrast changes, retinal vascular images showed the lowest repeatability and CC images showed the highest.
Clinical factors associated with initial Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: a retrospective study in China
Authors: Tang Yanbo , Tang Guodu , Pan Liying , Zhu Hua , Zhou Shanmei , Wei Zhaoyong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been decreasing every year, mainly due to the increase in antibiotic resistance. In fact, many other factors may affect H. pylori eradication. To analyze the clinical factors affecting the initial eradication therapy in Chinese patients with H. pylori infection. We conducted a retrospective study on 264 outpatients who were diagnosed with H. pylori-associated chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease between January and December 2015 at a large tertiary hospital in China. The patients were divided into three groups: ECA, RCA, and RCM (R: 20 mg rabeprazole, E: 40 mg esomeprazole, C: 0.5 g clarithromycin, A: 1.0 g amoxicillin and M: 0.4 g metronidazole). The patients were treated for 14 days and followed up for 1 year. The 14C-urea breath test (14C-UBT) was performed 4 weeks after the completion of the eradication therapy. The eradication rate was higher in ≥ 40-year-old patients than in < 40-year-old-patients (85.7% vs. 54.7%, p = 0.002). Multivariate analyses revealed only age ≥ 40 years to be significantly associated with a high H. pylori eradication rate [odds ratio (OR) 4.58, p = 0.003]. The H. pylori eradication rate in patients with duodenal ulcers was significantly higher than that in patients with gastric ulcers (79% vs. 60%, p = 0.012). Age could be a predictor of successful H. pylori eradication. Patients with duodenal ulcers had a higher H. pylori eradication rate than those with other lesions.
Bidirectional motion of droplets on gradient liquid infused surfaces
Authors: Sadullah Muhammad Subkhi , Launay Gaby , Parle Jayne , Ledesma-Aguilar Rodrigo , Gizaw Yonas , McHale Glen , Wells Gary George , Kusumaatmaja Halim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current paradigm of self-propelled motion of liquid droplets on surfaces with chemical or topographical wetting gradients is always mono-directional. In contrast, here, we demonstrate bidirectional droplet motion, which we realize using liquid infused surfaces with topographical gradients. The deposited droplet can move either toward the denser or the sparser solid fraction area. We rigorously validate the bidirectional phenomenon using various combinations of droplets and lubricants, and different forms of structural/topographical gradients, by employing both lattice Boltzmann simulations and experiments. We also present a simple and physically intuitive analytical theory that explains the origin of the bidirectional motion. The key factor determining the direction of motion is the wettability difference of the droplet on the solid surface and on the lubricant film.
Proton-assisted electron transfer and hydrogen-atom diffusion in a model system for photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Zhang Yuanzheng , Dai Yunrong , Li Huihui , Yin Lifeng , Hoffmann Michael R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSolar energy can be converted into chemical energy by photocatalytic water splitting to produce molecular hydrogen. Details of the photo-induced reaction mechanism occurring on the surface of a semiconductor are not fully understood, however. Herein, we employ a model photocatalytic system consisting of single atoms deposited on quantum dots that are anchored on to a primary photocatalyst to explore fundamental aspects of photolytic hydrogen generation. Single platinum atoms (Pt1) are anchored onto carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs), which are loaded onto graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (CNS), forming a Pt1@CNQDs/CNS composite. Pt1@CNQDs/CNS provides a well-defined photocatalytic system in which the electron and proton transfer processes that lead to the formation of hydrogen gas can be investigated. Results suggest that hydrogen bonding between hydrophilic surface groups of the CNQDs and interfacial water molecules facilitates both proton-assisted electron transfer and sorption/desorption pathways. Surface bound hydrogen atoms appear to diffuse from CNQDs surface sites to the deposited Pt1 catalytic sites leading to higher hydrogen-atom fugacity surrounding each isolated Pt1 site. We identify a pathway that allows for hydrogen-atom recombination into molecular hydrogen and eventually to hydrogen bubble evolution.
From lamellar net to bilayered-lamella and to porous pillared-bilayer: reversible crystal-to-crystal transformation, CO2adsorption, and fluorescence detection of Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+, MnO4−, and Cr2O72−in water
Authors: Zhang Jia-Rong , Lee Jey-Jau , Su Chun-Hao , Tsai Meng-Jung , Li Chih-Yu , Wu Jing-Yun 
Published: September 2020

Layered coordination polymers of different network topologies have showed reversible structural transformations and fluorescence detection toward Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+, MnO4–, and Cr2O72– in water.
Cross-Morpheme Generalization Using a Complexity Approach in School-Age Children
Authors: De Anda Stephanie , Blossom Megan , Abel Alyson D. 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis single-case study examines a complexity approach to target selection in grammatical intervention in three children with varying levels of mastery of tense and agreement. Specifically, we examine whether targeting a complex tense and agreement grammatical structure (auxiliary BE in questions) leads to generalization to other less complex and related tense and agreement markers (auxiliary BE in declaratives, copula BE, third-person singular –s, and past tense –ed).MethodThree children (all boys; aged 5;5–9;7 [years;months]) with deficits in morphosyntax were enrolled in a treatment program targeting a complex grammatical structure (auxiliary BE in questions) following collection of multiple baselines. Children's performance on the complex structure and related tense and agreement markers were tracked before, during, and after the intervention across three different tasks.ResultsResults show that, despite its grammatical complexity, the target was elicited in all three children with incomplete mastery of the tense and agreement system. Furthermore, all children demonstrated generalization to expressive language by increasing their mean length of utterance by approximately one morpheme during spontaneous language production following intervention. All children demonstrated individual patterns of generalization to other tense and agreement structures not targeted during intervention.ConclusionsThese functional changes observed following intervention set the stage for future controlled studies to establish a stronger cause–effect relation. Taken together, this study contributes to an emerging body of work showing that complex grammatical targets may be used in intervention earlier than previously thought.
Full wavefield simulation versus measurement of microwave scattering by a complex 3D-printed asteroid analogue
Authors: Eyraud Christelle , Sorsa Liisa-Ida , Geffrin Jean-Michel , Takala Mika , Henry Gérard , Pursiainen Sampsa 
Published: September 2020

Context. The small bodies of the Solar System, and especially their internal structures, are still not well-known. Studies of the interior of comets and asteroids could provide important information about their formation and also about the early Solar System.
Aims. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of obtaining information about their inner structure from their response to an incident electromagnetic field in preparation for future space radar missions. Our focus is on experimental measurements concerning two analog models with the shape of 25143 Itokawa, a small rubble pile asteroid monitored by the Japanese space agency’s (JAXA) Hayabusa mission in 2005.
Methods. The analog models prepared for this study are based on the a priori knowledge of asteroid interiors of the time. The experimental data were obtained by performing microwave-range laboratory measurements. Two advanced in-house, full-wave modelling packages – one performing the calculations in the frequency domain and the other one in the time domain – were applied to calculate the wave interaction within the analog models.
Results. The electric fields calculated via both the frequency and time domain approach are found to match the measurements appropriately.
Conclusions. The present comparisons between the calculated results and laboratory measurements suggest that a high-enough correspondence between the measurement and numerical simulation can be achieved for the most significant part of the scattered signal, such that the inner structure of the analog can be observed based on these fields. Full-wave modeling that predicts direct and higher order scattering effects has been proven essential for this application.
Chirurgie des Hyperparathyreoidismus
Authors: Lorenz Kerstin , Pfeiffer Claudiu 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDer größte Anteil der Nebenschilddrüsenchirurgie entfällt auf den primären Hyperparathyreoidismus, für den ursächlich das solitäre Nebenschilddrüsenadenom überwiegt. Die gesicherte Diagnose des primären Hyperparathyreoidismus indiziert prinzipiell die einzig kurative Therapie, die Operation. Für eine erfolgreiche Operation und v. a. für ein fokussiertes Vorgehen ist die präoperative Lokalisation sehr hilfreich, aber eine negative oder inkonklusive Lokalisation stellt keine Kontraindikation zur Operation dar. In der modernen Hyperparathyreoidismuschirurgie kommen technische Hilfsmittel wie Lupenbrille, intraoperative PTH-Bestimmung und intraoperatives Neuromonitoring zum Einsatz. Hyperparathyreoidsmusformen, die mit einer Mehrdrüsenerkrankung einhergehen, erfordern eine bilaterale Exploration und eine abgewogene, individuell angepasste Entscheidung zum Ausmaß der erforderlichen Nebenschilddrüsenresektion. Insbesondere Wiederholungseingriffe bei Persistenz oder Rezidiv eines Hyperparathyreoidismus sollten nur in Zentren mit ausgewiesener endokrin-chirurgischer Expertise und moderner technischer Ausstattung durchgeführt werden.
A New Diterpene and Anti-inflammatory Sesquiterpene Lactones from Sigesbeckia orientalis
Authors: Engels Nora S. , Gierlikowska Barbara , Waltenberger Birgit , Chang Fang-Rong , Kiss Anna K. , Stuppner Hermann 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Sigesbeckia orientalis, more commonly referred to as Herba Sigesbeckiae or Xi Xian Cao in traditional Chinese medicine and hy thiêm in traditional Vietnamese medicine, is used in China and Vietnam to treat inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, rheumatism, and joint pain. In initial investigations, the dichloromethane extract from the aerial parts of S. orientalis showed distinct inhibitory effects on the release of interleukin-8 in human neutrophils. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was the phytochemical investigation of the bioactive dichloromethane extract and the in vitro analysis of the effects of the isolated compounds on interleukin-8, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 release, and surface expression of adhesion molecules (CD11a, CD11b, and CD62L) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human neutrophils to identify the active principle(s). The separation of the bioactive
dichloromethane extract using various chromatographic techniques led to the isolation of nine compounds. Their chemical structures were elucidated from nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry data. One diterpene, 17(13 → 14)-abeo-ent-3S*,13S*,16-trihydroxystrob-8(15)-ene, was identified as a new natural product. Three germacranolide sesquiterpene lactones inhibited interleukin-8 production with IC50 values between 1.6 and 6.3 µM, respectively, and tumor necrosis factor-α production with IC50 values between 0.9 and 3.3 µM, respectively. Furthermore, they significantly inhibited interleukin-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 production and diminished the effects of lipopolysaccharide on the surface expression of the adhesion molecules CD11a, CD11b, and CD62L. These findings support the traditional use of S. orientalis in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
The role of endoscopic ultrasound guidance for biliary and pancreatic duct access and drainage to overcome the limitations of ERCP: a retrospective evaluation
Authors: García-Alonso Francisco Javier , Peñas-Herrero Irene , Sanchez-Ocana Ramon , Villarroel Mariano , Cimavilla Marta , Bazaga Sergio , De Benito Sanz Marina , Gil-Simon Paula , de la Serna-Higuera Carlos , Perez-Miranda Manuel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided ductal access and drainage (EUS-DAD) of biliary/pancreatic ducts after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is less invasive than percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). The actual need for EUS-DAD remains unknown. We aimed to determine how often EUS-DAD is needed to overcome ERCP failure.
Methods Consecutive duct access procedures (n = 2205; 95 % biliary) performed between June 2013 and November 2015 at a tertiary-care center were reviewed. ERCP was used first line, EUS-DAD as salvage after ERCP, and PTBD when both had failed. Procedures were defined as “index” in patients without prior endoscopic duct access and “combined” when EUS-DAD followed successful ERCP. The main outcomes were the EUS-DAD and PTBD rates.
Results EUS-DAD was performed in 7.7 % (170/2205) of overall procedures: 9.1 % (116/1274) index and 5.8 % (54/931) follow-up. Most index EUS-DADs were performed following (46 %) or anticipating (39 %) ERCP failure, whereas 15 % followed successful ERCP (combined procedures). Among index procedures, the EUS-DAD rate was higher in surgically altered anatomy (58.2 % [39 /67)] vs. 6.4 % [77/1207]); PTBD was required in 0.2 % (3/1274). Among follow-up procedures, ERCP represented 85.7 %, cholangiopancreatography through mature transmural fistulas 8.5 %, and EUS-DAD 5.8 %; no patient required PTBD. The secondary PTBD rate was 0.1 % (3/2205). Six primary PTBDs were performed (overall PTBD rate 0.4 % [9/2205]).
Conclusions EUS-DAD was required in 7.7 % of ERCPs for benign and malignant biliary/pancreatic duct indications. Salvage PTBD was required in 0.1 %. This high EUS-DAD rate reflects disease complexity, a wide definition of ERCP failure, and restrictive PTBD use, not poor ERCP skills. EUS-DAD effectively overcomes the limitations of ERCP eliminating the need for primary and salvage PTBD in most cases.
Molecular Genetic Testing in Pediatric and Adult Neurology in Iraq: New Experience and Challenges from a Developing Country
Authors: Saadi Nebal Waill , Yassin Batool Ali Ghalib , Makhseed Nawal , Hadi Ameer Shaker 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInherited neurological disorders are reasonably common in pediatric and adult neurology practices. Genetic testing for such disorders does carry promise, but is fraught with challenges and difficulties. This study was conducted to assess the utility of genetic testing in a cohort of 200 patients who had neurological disorders, suspected to be of inherited origin, and for whom molecular genetic testing was requested during the period 2014 to 2019. Two hundred and eight tests were ordered. The characteristics of that practice were reviewed. Further, we summarized the challenges and highlighted the concerns that were raised. The medical records of 200 patients were retrieved and reviewed to assess the demographic characteristics of the cohort, their clinical presentation, genetic test requested for each, and the interpretation of the test results.
Optimal Sedation and Pain Management: A Patient- and Symptom-Oriented Paradigm
Authors: Shehabi Yahya , Al-Bassam Wisam , Pakavakis Adrian , Murfin Brendan , Howe Belinda 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the critically ill patient, optimal pain and sedation management remains the cornerstone of achieving comfort, safety, and to facilitate complex life support interventions. Pain relief, using multimodal analgesia, is an integral component of any orchestrated approach to achieve clinically appropriate goals in critically ill patients. Sedative management, however, remains a significant challenge. Subsequent studies including most recent randomized trials have failed to provide strong evidence in favor of a sedative agent, a mode of sedation or ancillary protocols such as sedative interruption and sedative minimization. In addition, clinical practice guidelines, despite a comprehensive evaluation of relevant literature, have limitations when applied to individual patients. These limitations have been most apparent during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. As such, there is a need for a mindset shift to a practical and achievable sedation strategy, driven by patients' characteristics and individual patient needs, rather than one cocktail for all patients. In this review, we present key principles to achieve patient-and symptom-oriented optimal analgesia and sedation in the critically ill patients. Sedative intensity should be proportionate to care complexity with due consideration to an individual patient's modifiers. The use of multimodal analgesics, sedatives, and antipsychotics agents—that are easily titratable—reduces the overall quantum of sedatives and opioids, and reduces the risk of adverse events while maximizing clinical benefits. In addition, critical considerations regarding the choice of sedative agents should be given to factors such as age, medical versus operative diagnosis, and cardiovascular status. Specific populations such as trauma, neurological injury, and pregnancy should also be taken into account to maximize efficacy and reduce adverse events.
A Novel Mutation in Aicardi–Goutières' Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Sheikh-Hosseini Motahareh , Moarefzadeh Mohammad , Alavi-Moghaddam Hamideh , Morovvati Saeid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAicardi–Goutières' syndrome (AGS) is a rare heterogeneous genetic disorder characterized by encephalopathy and may bear resemblance to congenital infections. The prevalence of AGS is estimated at more than 4,000 worldwide. Mutations in TREX1 gene are present in ∼22% of patients. We present the case of a 2-year-old boy who came to the Biogene laboratory (Tehran, Iran) with a constellation of congenital disorders but no clear diagnosis. His clinical phenotype consisted of neonatal jaundice, relative microcephaly with diffuse cerebral atrophy in both hemispheres, developmental delay, hypotonia, and nystagmus. There was history of parental consanguineous marriage and prematurity. In our study, a homozygous potentially pathogenic mutation in TREX1 gene associated with AGS1 was detected. This mutation has not been reported in the other patients with AGS. A novel frameshift homozygous potentially pathogenic mutation in TREX1 is postulated to be the cause of disease in our patient.