bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untangling knowledge fields and knowledge dynamics within the decision-making process
Authors: Bratianu Constantin , Vătămănescu Elena-Mădălina , Anagnoste Sorin , Dominici Gandolfo 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the influences of different types of knowledge and their inherent dynamics on the effectiveness of the decision-making (DM) process. Knowledge dynamics (KD) is envisioned through the lens of the knowledge fields theory while effective DM process is objectivised via organisational appreciation and reward, higher business performance, sustainable partnerships and managerial satisfaction with previous achievements.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire-based survey was conducted with 275 middle managers from companies operating in the business consulting field. The conceptual and structural model was tested using the partial least squares structural equation modelling technique.FindingsThe study advances novel insights into the significant positive influences of various knowledge fields on KD on the DM process within real-life business environments. Even though rational knowledge exerts a noteworthy effect on DM, its influence is exceeded by the KD, which proves that integrating emotional and spiritual knowledge in the decisional equation may become a pivotal input to making good managerial decisions regardless of the level of regulation and standardisation in the field.Research limitations/implicationsThe research relied on threefold knowledge fields as predictors for the DM process, thus providing a starting point for the development of more complex models.Originality/valueThe study emerges as a groundbreaking approach via the integration and application of the knowledge fields theory within a more comprehensive and empirical outlook on the DM process. Simultaneously, it places DM beyond the unidimensional outcomes of rationality and intuition by urging its intricate and interactional nature.
Strategic entrepreneurship
Authors: Lombardi Rosa , Tiscini Riccardo , Trequattrini Raffaele , Martiniello Laura 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the characteristics and personal values of a successful entrepreneur in order to understand the quality of such characteristics. Thus, this paper aims to investigate how these characteristics and personal values impact strategic decision-making and outcomes driving the success and growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approachThe research question is answered through a single case study approach based on the case of the charismatic and flourishing entrepreneur and owner of Gemar Balloons, a balloon-manufacturing company established in the centre of Italy a century ago.FindingsThe paper shows how the success of SMEs in a dynamic environment is influenced by the central resource, “the entrepreneur”, whose entrepreneurial mindset, culture and leadership are essential and partially replicable. They allow strategic management to seek opportunities and develop innovation, achieving competitive advantages and creating wealth.Practical implicationsThis paper contributes to an understanding of how values and specific personal characteristics establish an entrepreneurial mindset, culture and leadership, and whether and how these factors are exportable and repeatable. In this way, it allows a better understanding of how possible it is to establish an entrepreneurial mindset and culture by working on a younger generation's values and characteristics. Moreover, it explains why and how entrepreneurial SME leaders are best able to make decisions and manage resources strategically to create competitive advantages.Originality/valueThe paper is new because it shows the distinctive values and characteristics influencing the emerging strategic decision-making model and corporate outcomes.
Multi-material 3D printed hydraulic actuator for medical robots
Authors: Siegfarth Marius , Pusch Tim Philipp , Pfeil Antoine , Renaud Pierre , Stallkamp Jan 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the potential of using polymer multi-material additive manufacturing (MMAM) to produce miniature hydraulic piston actuators combining rigid structures and flexible seals. Such actuators offer great potential for medical robots in X-ray and magnetic resonance environments, where conventional piston actuators cannot be used because of safety issues caused by metal components.

Design/methodology/approach
Hydraulic pistons with two different integrated flexible seal shapes are designed and manufactured using MMAM. Design 1 features a ring-shaped seal made from a flexible material that is printed on the surface of the rigid piston shaft. Design 2 appears identical from the outside, yet an axial opening in the piston shaft is added to enable self-reinforced sealing as fluid pressure increases. For both designs, samples with three different outer diameters are fabricated leading to a total of six different piston versions. The pistons are then evaluated regarding leakage, friction and durability.

Findings
Measurement results show that the friction force for Design 2 is lower than that of Design 1, making Design 2 more suitable for the intended application. None of the versions of Design 2 shows leakage for pressures up to 1.5 MPa. For Design 1, leak-tightness varies with the outer diameter, yet none of the versions is consistently leak-tight at 1.5 MPa. Furthermore, the results show that prolonged exposure to water decreases the durability of the flexible material significantly. The durability the authors observe may, however, be sufficient for short-term or single-use devices.

Originality/value
The authors investigate a novel design approach for hydraulic piston actuators based on MMAM. These actuators are of particular interest for patient-specific medical devices used in radiological interventions, where metal-free components are required to safely operate in X-ray and magnetic resonance environments. This study may serve as a basis for the development of new actuators, as it shows a feasible solution, yet pointing out critical aspects such as the influence of small geometry changes or material performance changes caused by water absorption.
Influence of corticosteroid therapy on viral reactivation in drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
Authors: Tohyama Mikiko , Hashimoto Koji , Oda Fumiko , Namba Chika , Sayama Koji 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDrug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS)/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe adverse drug reaction characteristically associated with sequential reactivation of herpesviruses, such as human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6), Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Since systemic corticosteroids are thought to result in viral reactivation due to their immunosuppressive effects, we clarified the influence of systemic corticosteroid therapy on viral reactivation in DIHS/DRESS. Viral DNA in peripheral whole blood and serum sIL‐2R level were measured during the disease course in twenty DIHS/DRESS patients. Six of seven patients treated without corticosteroids experienced HHV‐6 viremia associated with elevated serum sIL‐2R levels. In contrast, high‐dose corticosteroids started within 1 week after onset tended to inhibit the occurrence of HHV‐6 reactivation with remarkable suppression of serum sIL‐2R level. Low‐dose corticosteroids or late‐start high‐dose corticosteroids did not suppress occurrence of HHV‐6 viremia and the increase of sIL‐2R levels. HHV‐6 load in the blood was clearly correlated with the serum sIL‐2R level. On the other hand, increased CMV load were found in patients treated with corticosteroids regardless of the start time. The frequency of detection of EBV DNA in peripheral blood was similarly observed in all groups. In conclusion, high‐dose corticosteroids started within 1 week tended to suppress HHV‐6 reactivation through suppression of T cell activation. However, CMV proliferation was promoted by corticosteroids regardless of the start time. These observations suggested that careful consideration should be given to the dose and timing of administration of systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of DIHS/DRESS.
Trait‐based food web model reveals the underlying mechanisms of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships
Authors: Maureaud Aurore , Andersen Ken H. , Zhang Lai , Lindegren Martin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

The concept of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) has been studied over the last three decades using experiments, theoretical models and more recently observational data. While theoretical models revealed that species richness is the best metric summarizing ecosystem functioning, it is clear that ecosystem function is explained by other variables besides species richness. Additionally, theoretical models rarely focus on more than one ecosystem function, limiting ecosystem functioning to biomass or production. There is a lack of theoretical background to verify how other components of biodiversity and species interactions support ecosystem functioning.

Here, using simulations from a food web model based on a community assembly process and a trait‐based approach, we test how species biodiversity, food web structure and predator–prey interactions determine several ecosystem functions (biomass, metabolism, production and productivity).

Our results demonstrate that the relationship between species richness and ecosystem functioning depends on the type of ecosystem function considered and the importance of diversity and food web structure differs across functions. Particularly, we show that dominance plays a major role in determining the level of biomass, and it is at least as important as the number of species. We find that dominance occurs in the food web when species do not experience strong predation.

By manipulating the structure of the food web, we show that species using a wider trait space (generalist communities) result in more connected food webs and generally reach the same level of functioning with less species. The model shows the importance of generalist versus specialist communities on BEF relationships, and as such, empirical studies should focus on quantifying the importance of diet/habitat use on ecosystem functioning.

Our study provides a better understanding of BEF underlying mechanisms and generates research hypotheses that can be considered and tested in observational studies. We recommend that studies investigating links between biodiversity and ecosystem functions should include metrics of dominance, species composition, trophic structure and possibly environmental trait space. We also advise that more effort should be made into calculating several ecosystem functions and properties with data from natural multitrophic systems.
Inclusion complexes of tea polyphenols with HP‐β‐cyclodextrin:Preparation, characterization, molecular docking, and antioxidant activity
Authors: Zhong Yuanyuan , Li Wenhui , Ran Lidan , Hou Ran , Han Ping , Lu Shiling , Wang Qingling , Zhao Wei , Zhu Yi , Dong Juan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize inclusion complexes between tea polyphenol (TP) and hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD), and to evaluate their antioxidant properties. Freeze‐drying was used to prepare the inclusion complex of TP/HP‐β‐CD at different component ratios (1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:2). The supermolecular structure of the TP/HP‐β‐CD complex was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Molecular docking was used to simulate the positions and interactions of the binding sites of TP/HP‐β‐CD inclusion complexes and target protein receptors. In addition, the effects of TP/HP‐β‐CD inclusion complexes on myofibrillar protein (MP) from lamb tripe were observed under oxidative conditions. Results showed that TP was encapsulated in the cavity of HP‐β‐CD to form an optimal complex with 1:2 molar ratio of stoichiometry, while the FTIR, TGA, and SEM studies also support the inclusion process. Molecular modeling results were systematically analyzed to determine the stability of inclusion complexes and protein. Furthermore, the addition of an appropriate concentration (5 to 105 µmol/g) of TP/HP‐β‐CD inclusion complex decreased the carbonyl content, hydrophobicity, and protein aggregation of MP from lamb tripe, whereas it increased the sulfhydryl content. This improved antioxidant activity and bioavailability of the inclusion complexes will be beneficial for its potential applications in food.Practical ApplicationTea polyphenol was an antioxidant with potential for the field of food. In this study, the unstable properties of tea polyphenols were evaluated and were improved by inclusion of HP‐β‐cyclodextrin. The binding mode of the inclusion complex with protein was revealed via the molecular docking method, and the application of inclusion complex to control protein oxidation was studied. Results showed that the inclusion complex could effectively inhibit protein oxidation, which can provide a reference for the application of polyphenols in meat products and the improvement of protein properties.
Product safety, contracts, and liability
Authors: Hua Xinyu , Spier Kathryn E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA firm sells a dangerous product to heterogeneous consumers. Higher consumer types suffer accidents more often but may enjoy higher gross benefits. The firm invests resources to reduce the frequency of accidents. When the consumer's net benefit function (gross benefits minus expected harms) is decreasing in consumer type, the firm contractually accepts liability for accident losses and invests efficiently. When the consumer's net benefit function is increasing in consumer type, the firm contractually disclaims liability and underinvests. Legal interventions, including products liability and limits on contractual waivers and disclaimers, are necessary to raise the level of product safety.
Interruption of Aspergillus niger spore germination by the bacterially produced secondary metabolite collimomycin
Authors: Mosquera Sandra , Stergiopoulos Ioannis , Leveau Johan H. J. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryCollimonas fungivorans Ter331 (CfTer331) is a soil bacterium that produces collimomycin, a secondary metabolite that inhibits the vegetative growth of fungi. Here we show that CfTer331 can also interfere with fungal spore germination and that collimomycin biosynthesis is required for this activity. More specifically, in co‐cultures of Aspergillus niger N402 (AnN402) co‐nidiospores with CfTer331, the rate of transition from the isotropic to polarized stage of the germination process was reduced and the relatively few AnN402 conidiospores that completed the germination process were less likely to survive than those that were arrested in the isotropic phase. By contrast, a collimomycin‐deficient mutant of CfTer331 had no effect on germination: in its presence, as in the absence or delayed presence of CfTer331, unhindered germination of conidiospores allowed rapid establishment of AnN402 mycelium and the subsequent acidification of the culture medium to the detriment of any bacteria present. However, when challenged early enough with CfTer331, the collimomycin‐dependent arrest of the AnN402 germination process enabled CfTer331 to prevent AnN402 from forming mycelia and to gain dominance in the culture. We propose that the collimomycin‐dependent arrest of spore germination represents an early intervention strategy used by CfTer331 to mitigate niche construction by fungi in nature.
Current use of noninvasive prenatal testing in Europe, Australia and the USA: A graphical presentation
Authors: Gadsbøll Kasper , Petersen Olav B. , Gatinois Vincent , Strange Heather , Jacobsson Bo , Wapner Ronald , Vermeesch Joris R. ,   The NIPT‐map Study Group, Vogel Ida 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionNoninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using cell‐free fetal DNA has increasingly been adopted as a screening tool for fetal aneuploidies. Several studies have discussed benefits and limitations of NIPT compared with both ultrasound and invasive procedures, but in spite of some shortcomings NIPT has become extensively used within the last 5 years. This study aims to describe the current use of NIPT in Europe, Australia and the USA.Material and methodsWe conducted a survey to describe the current use of NIPT. Colleagues filled in a simple email‐based questionnaire on NIPT in their own country, providing information on (a) access to NIPT, (b) NIPT’s chromosomal coverage, (c) financial coverage of NIPT for the patient and (d) the proportion of women using NIPT in pregnancy. Some data are best clinical estimates, due to a lack of national data.ResultsIn Europe, 14 countries have adopted NIPT into a national policy/program. Two countries (Belgium and the Netherlands) offer NIPT for all pregnant women, whereas most other European countries have implemented NIPT as an offer for higher risk women after first trimester screening. In Australia, either combined first trimester screening (cFTS) or NIPT is used as a primary prenatal screening test. In the USA, there are no national consensus policies on the use of NIPT; however, NIPT is widely implemented. In most European countries offering NIPT, the proportion of women using NIPT is well below 25%. In the Netherlands, Austria, Italy, Spain and most Australian and American States, 25%‐50% of women have NIPT performed and in Belgium testing is above 75%. In most countries, NIPT reports on trisomy 13, 18 and 21, and often also on sex chromosome aneuploidies. Only in Belgium, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Greece, Cyprus and Italy is NIPT offered predominantly as a genome‐wide test (including some microdeletions or a whole genome coverage).ConclusionsNoninvasive prenatal testing has been widely adopted throughout Europe, Australia and the USA, but only a few countries/states have a national policy on the use of NIPT. The variation in NIPT utilization is considerable.
Endogenous brain‐sparing responses in brain pH and PO2 in a rodent model of birth asphyxia
Authors: Pospelov Alexey S. , Puskarjov Martin , Kaila Kai , Voipio Juha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo study brain‐sparing physiological responses in a rodent model of birth asphyxia which reproduces the asphyxia‐defining systemic hypoxia and hypercapnia.MethodsSteady or intermittent asphyxia was induced for 15‐45 minutes in anaesthetized 6‐ and 11‐days old rats and neonatal guinea pigs using gases containing 5% or 9% O2 plus 20% CO2 (in N2). Hypoxia and hypercapnia were induced with low O2 and high CO2 respectively. Oxygen partial pressure (PO2) and pH were measured with microsensors within the brain and subcutaneous (“body”) tissue. Blood lactate was measured after asphyxia.ResultsBrain and body PO2 fell to apparent zero with little recovery during 5% O2 asphyxia and 5% or 9% O2 hypoxia, and increased more than twofold during 20% CO2 hypercapnia. Unlike body PO2, brain PO2 recovered rapidly to control after a transient fall (rat), or was slightly higher than control (guinea pig) during 9% O2 asphyxia. Asphyxia (5% O2) induced a respiratory acidosis paralleled by a progressive metabolic (lact)acidosis that was much smaller within than outside the brain. Hypoxia (5% O2) produced a brain‐confined alkalosis. Hypercapnia outlasting asphyxia suppressed pH recovery and prolonged the post‐asphyxia PO2 overshoot. All pH changes were accompanied by consistent shifts in the blood‐brain barrier potential.ConclusionRegardless of brain maturation stage, hypercapnia can restore brain PO2 and protect the brain against metabolic acidosis despite compromised oxygen availability during asphyxia. This effect extends to the recovery phase if normocapnia is restored slowly, and it is absent during hypoxia, demonstrating that exposure to hypoxia does not mimic asphyxia.
Letter: are opioid prescriptions associated with hepatic encephalopathy in patients with compensated cirrhosis? Authors' reply
Authors: Moon Andrew M. , Jiang Yue , Rogal Shari S. , Tapper Elliot B. , Lieber Sarah R. , Barritt A. Sidney 
Published: March 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Moon et al and Li et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15639 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15661.
Association of the CAV1‐CAV2 locus with normal‐tension glaucoma in Chinese and Japanese
Authors: Lu Shi Yao , Rong Shi Song , Wu Zhenggen , Huang Chukai , Matsushita Kenji , Ng Tsz Kin , Leung Christopher K.S. , Kawashima Rumi , Usui Shinichi , Tam Pancy O.S. , Tsujikawa Motokazu , Young Alvin L. , Zhang Mingzhi , Wiggs Janey L. , Nishida Kohji , Tham Clement C. , Pang Chi Pui , Chen Li Jia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe CAV1‐CAV2 locus has been associated with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) and intraocular pressure. However, its association with normal‐tension glaucoma (NTG) was inconclusive. Therefore, we evaluated this association in Chinese and Japanese.MethodsTwo single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs4236601 and rs1052990) from previous genome‐wide association studies of POAG were genotyped in a total of 2220 study subjects: a Hong Kong Chinese cohort of 537 NTG patients and 490 controls, a Shantou Chinese cohort of 102 NTG and 731 controls and an Osaka Japanese cohort of 153 NTG and 207 controls. Subgroup analysis by gender was conducted. Outcomes from different cohorts were combined using meta‐analysis.ResultsSNP rs4236601 was significantly associated with NTG in the two Chinese cohorts (Pmeta = .0019, OR = 4.55, I2 = 0). In contrast, rs4236601 was monomorphic in the Osaka cohort. The association of rs1052990 was insignificant in a meta‐analysis combining Chinese and Japanese cohorts (Pmeta = .81, OR = 1.05; I2 = 64%), and the OR tended towards opposite directions between Chinese (OR = 1.26) and Japanese (OR = 0.69). Gender‐specific effects of the SNPs were not statistically significant in the logistic regression or Breslow‐day tests of ORs (P > .05), although rs4236601 was significant in males (P = .0068; OR = 10.30) but not in females (P = .14; OR = 2.65) in the meta‐analysis of Chinese subjects.ConclusionsIn this study, we confirmed the association of rs4236601 at the CAV1‐CAV2 locus with NTG in Chinese. SNP rs4236601 is monomorphic, and rs1052990 tends towards a different direction in the Japanese cohort. Further studies are warranted to verify the ethnic difference and gender‐specific effects of this locus.