bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic sensory disinhibition contributes to intrusive re-experiencing in combat veterans
Authors: Clancy Kevin J. , Albizu Alejandro , Schmidt Norman B. , Li Wen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntrusive re-experiencing of traumatic events is a hallmark symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder, characterized by rich and vivid sensory details as reported in “flashbacks”. While prevailing models of trauma intrusions focus on dysregulated emotional processes, we hypothesize that a deficiency in intrinsic sensory inhibition could drive overactivation of sensory representations of trauma memories, precipitating sensory-rich intrusions. In a sample of combat veterans, we examined resting-state alpha (8–12 Hz) oscillatory activity (in both power and posterior→frontal connectivity), given its role in sensory cortical inhibition, in association with intrusive re-experiencing symptoms. Veterans further participated in an odor task (including both combat and non-combat odors) to assess olfactory trauma memory and emotional response. We observed an association between intrusive re-experiencing symptoms and attenuated resting-state posterior→frontal alpha connectivity, which were both correlated with olfactory trauma memory. Importantly, olfactory trauma memory was identified as a mediator of the relationship between alpha connectivity and intrusive re-experiencing, suggesting that deficits in intrinsic sensory inhibition contributed to intrusive re-experiencing of trauma via heightened trauma memory. Therefore, by permitting unfiltered sensory cues to enter information processing and activate sensory representations of trauma, sensory disinhibition can constitute a sensory mechanism of intrusive re-experiencing in trauma-exposed individuals.
Treatment of Coral Wounds by Combining an Antiseptic Bilayer Film and an Injectable Antioxidant Biopolymer
Authors: Contardi Marco , Montano Simone , Liguori Giulia , Heredia-Guerrero José A. , Galli Paolo , Athanassiou Athanassia , Bayer Ilker S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCoral reefs are vital for the marine ecosystem and their potential disappearance can have unequivocal consequences on our environment. Aside from pollution-related threats (changes in water temperature, plastics, and acidity), corals can be injured by diseases, predators, humans and other invasive species. Diseases play an important role in this decline, but so far very few mitigation strategies have been proposed and developed to control this threat. In this work, we demonstrate that recently developed bi-layer human skin wound treatment patches containing antiseptics and natural antioxidants with controlled-release capacity can be adapted to treat scleractinian coral wounds effectively. A hydrophilic bilayer film based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hyaluronic acid was used to cover the open wounds while delivering the antiseptics for rapid action. Afterwards, the hydrophilic bi-layer covered wound was sealed with an antioxidant and hydrophobic ε-caprolactone-p-coumaric acid copolymer by melt injection at low temperatures. Treated coral injuries were monitored both in aquaria system and in natural environment in Maldives for over 4 months to reduce the number of entry points for organisms that could lead to diseases. The corals well-tolerated both biomaterials as well as the antiseptics incorporated in these materials. The treatments displayed self-adhering properties, tuneable dissolution time, and biocompatibility and stimulated regeneration properties within the coral wound. As such, this work demonstrates that certain human skin wound treatment materials can be successfully adapted to the curing of coral wounds and delivery of specific drugs to slow down, reduce or even stop the spread of diseases in scleractinian corals as well as in all other benthic organisms affected by uncontrolled pathologies.
AMPA receptor-mTORC1 signaling activation is required for neuroplastic effects of LY341495 in rat hippocampal neurons
Authors: Seo Mi kyoung , Hien Le Thi , Park Min Kyung , Choi Ah Jeong , Seog Dae-Hyun , Kim Seong-Ho , Park Sung Woo , Lee Jung Goo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe group II metabotropic glutamate 2/3 (mGlu2/3) receptor antagonist LY341495 produces antidepressant-like effects by acting on mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) receptors in rodent. We investigated whether LY341495 affects neuroplasticity via these mechanisms in rat primary hippocampal cultures under conditions of dexamethasone (DEX)-induced neurotoxicity. Ketamine was used for comparison. Hippocampal cultures were treated with LY341495 under conditions of DEX-induced toxicity. Changes in mTORC1-mediated proteins were determined by Western blotting analyses. Changes in dendritic outgrowth and spine density were evaluated via immunostaining. LY341495 significantly prevented DEX-induced decreases in the levels of mTORC1, 4E-BP1, and p70S6K phosphorylation as well as the levels of the synaptic proteins. These effects were blocked by pretreatment with the AMPA receptor inhibitor 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7sulfamoyl-benzo(f)quinoxaline (NBQX) and the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin. LY341495 significantly attenuated DEX-induced decreases in dendritic outgrowth and spine density. Pretreatment with rapamycin and NBQX blocked these effects of LY341495. Further analyses indicted that induction of BDNF expression produced by LY341495 was blocked by pretreatment with NBQX and rapamycin. LY341495 has neuroplastic effects by acting on AMPA receptor-mTORC1 signaling under neurotoxic conditions. Therefore, activation of AMPA receptor and mTORC1 signaling, which enhance neuroplasticity, may be novel targets for new antidepressants.
Lower Systolic Blood Pressure in Normotensive Subjects is Related to Better Autonomic Recovery Following Exercise
Authors: de Oliveira Letícia Santana , Fontes Anne Michelli G. G. , Vitor Ana Laura Ricci , Vanderlei Franciele M. , Garner David M. , Valenti Vitor E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBlood pressure (BP) is a cardiovascular parameter applied to detect cardiovascular risk. Recently, the pre-hypertension state has received greater consideration for prevention strategies. We evaluated autonomic and cardiorespiratory recovery following aerobic exercise in normotensive individuals with different systolic BP (SBP) values. We investigated 30 healthy men aged 18 to 30 years divided into groups according to systolic BP (SBP): G1 (n = 16), resting SBP <110 mmHg and G2 (n = 14), resting SBP between 120–110 mmHg. The groups endured 15 minutes seated at rest, followed by a submaximal aerobic exercise on a treadmill and then remaining seated for 60 minutes also at rest, during recovery from the exercise. Cardiorespiratory parameters and heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) (rMSSD, SD1, HF [ms2]) were evaluated before and during recovery from exercise. G2 displayed slower return of SBP, rMSSD and SD1 HRV indices during recovery from exercise compared to G1. In conclusion, normotensive subjects with higher resting SBP (110 to 120 mmHg) offered delayed autonomic recovery following moderate exercise. We suggest that this group may be less physiologically optimized leading to cardiac risks.
Measuring the spatial heterogeneity on the reduction of vaginal fistula burden in Ethiopia between 2005 and 2016
Authors: Deribe Kebede , Fronterre Claudio , Dejene Tariku , Biadgilign Sibhatu , Deribew Amare , Abdullah Muna , Cano Jorge 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVaginal fistula is a shattering maternal complication characterized by an anomalous opening between the bladder and/or rectum and vagina resulting in continuous leakage of urine or stool. Although prevalent in Ethiopia, its magnitude and distribution is not well studied. We used statistical mapping models using 2005 and 2016 Ethiopia Demographic Health Surveys data combined with a suite of potential risk factors to estimate the burden of vaginal fistula among women of childbearing age. The estimated number of women of childbearing age with lifetime and untreated vaginal fistula in 2016 were 72,533 (95% CI 38,235–124,103) and 31,961 (95% CI 11,596–70,309) respectively. These figures show reduction from the 2005 estimates: 98,098 (95% CI 49,819–170,737) lifetime and 59,114 (95% CI 26,580–118,158) untreated cases of vaginal fistula. The number of districts having more than 200 untreated cases declined drastically from 54 in 2005 to 6 in 2016. Our results show a significant subnational variation in the burden of vaginal fistula. Overall, between 2005 and 2016 there was substantial reduction in the prevalence of vaginal fistula in Ethiopia. Our results help guide local level tracking, planning, spatial targeting of resources and implementation of interventions against vaginal fistula.
Biotin proximity tagging favours unfolded proteins and enables the study of intrinsically disordered regions
Authors: Minde David-Paul , Ramakrishna Manasa , Lilley Kathryn S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntrinsically Disordered Regions (IDRs) are enriched in disease-linked proteins known to have multiple post-translational modifications, but there is limited in vivo information about how locally unfolded protein regions contribute to biological functions. We reasoned that IDRs should be more accessible to targeted in vivo biotinylation than ordered protein regions, if they retain their flexibility in human cells. Indeed, we observed increased biotinylation density in predicted IDRs in several cellular compartments >20,000 biotin sites from four proximity proteomics studies. We show that in a biotin ‘painting’ time course experiment, biotinylation events in Escherichia coli ribosomes progress from unfolded and exposed regions at 10 s, to structured and less accessible regions after five minutes. We conclude that biotin proximity tagging favours sites of local disorder in proteins and suggest the possibility of using biotin painting as a method to gain unique insights into in vivo condition-dependent subcellular plasticity of proteins.
Concurrent human TMS-EEG-fMRI enables monitoring of oscillatory brain state-dependent gating of cortico-subcortical network activity
Authors: Peters Judith C. , Reithler Joel , Graaf Tom A. de , Schuhmann Teresa , Goebel Rainer , Sack Alexander T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite growing interest, the causal mechanisms underlying human neural network dynamics remain elusive. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) allows to noninvasively probe neural excitability, while concurrent fMRI can log the induced activity propagation through connected network nodes. However, this approach ignores ongoing oscillatory fluctuations which strongly affect network excitability and concomitant behavior. Here, we show that concurrent TMS-EEG-fMRI enables precise and direct monitoring of causal dependencies between oscillatory states and signal propagation throughout cortico-subcortical networks. To demonstrate the utility of this multimodal triad, we assessed how pre-TMS EEG power fluctuations influenced motor network activations induced by subthreshold TMS to right dorsal premotor cortex. In participants with adequate motor network reactivity, strong pre-TMS alpha power reduced TMS-evoked hemodynamic activations throughout the bilateral cortico-subcortical motor system (including striatum and thalamus), suggesting shunted network connectivity. Concurrent TMS-EEG-fMRI opens an exciting noninvasive avenue of subject-tailored network research into dynamic cognitive circuits and their dysfunction.
Quantification of aminobutyric acids and their clinical applications as biomarkers for osteoporosis
Authors: Wang Zhiying , Bian Liangqiao , Mo Chenglin , Shen Hui , Zhao Lan Juan , Su Kuan-Jui , Kukula Maciej , Lee Jauh Tzuoh , Armstrong Daniel W. , Recker Robert , Lappe Joan , Bonewald Lynda F. , Deng Hong-Wen , Brotto Marco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOsteoporosis is a highly prevalent chronic aging-related disease that frequently is only detected after fracture. We hypothesized that aminobutyric acids could serve as biomarkers for osteoporosis. We developed a quick, accurate, and sensitive screening method for aminobutyric acid isomers and enantiomers yielding correlations with bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporotic fracture. In serum, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and (R)-3-aminoisobutyric acid (D-BAIBA) have positive associations with physical activity in young lean women.D-BAIBA positively associated with hip BMD in older individuals without osteoporosis/osteopenia. Lower levels of GABA were observed in 60–80 year old women with osteoporotic fractures. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in seven genes related to these metabolites associated with BMD and osteoporosis. In peripheral blood monocytes, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, an enzyme essential toD-BAIBA generation, exhibited positive association with physical activity and hip BMD. Along with their signaling roles, BAIBA and GABA might serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatments of osteoporosis.
Computational discovery of molecular C60 encapsulants with an evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Miklitz Marcin , Turcani Lukas , Greenaway Rebecca L. , Jelfs Kim E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractComputation is playing an increasing role in the discovery of materials, including supramolecular materials such as encapsulants. In this work, a function-led computational discovery using an evolutionary algorithm is used to find potential fullerene (C60) encapsulants within the chemical space of porous organic cages. We find that the promising host cages for C60 evolve over the simulations towards systems that share features such as the correct cavity size to host C60, planar tri-topic aldehyde building blocks with a small number of rotational bonds, di-topic amine linkers with functionality on adjacent carbon atoms, high structural symmetry, and strong complex binding affinity towards C60. The proposed cages are chemically feasible and similar to cages already present in the literature, helping to increase the likelihood of the future synthetic realisation of these predictions. The presented approach is generalisable and can be tailored to target a wide range of properties in molecular material systems.
Understanding the redox process upon electrochemical cycling of the P2-Na0.78Co1/2Mn1/3Ni1/6O2 electrode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Hakim Charifa , Sabi Noha , Ma Le Anh , Dahbi Mouad , Brandell Daniel , Edström Kristina , Duda Laurent C. , Saadoune Ismael , Younesi Reza 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRechargeable sodium-ion batteries have recently attracted renewed interest as an alternative to Li-ion batteries for electric energy storage applications, because of the low cost and wide availability of sodium resources. Thus, the electrochemical energy storage community has been devoting increased attention to designing new cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Here we investigate P2- Na0.78Co1/2Mn1/3Ni1/6O2 as a cathode material for sodium ion batteries. The main focus is to understand the mechanism of the electrochemical performance of this material, especially differences observed in redox reactions at high potentials. Between 4.2 V and 4.5 V, the material delivers a reversible capacity which is studied in detail using advanced analytical techniques. In situ X-ray diffraction reveals the reversibility of the P2-type structure of the material. Combined soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering demonstrates that Na deintercalation at high voltages is charge compensated by formation of localized electron holes on oxygen atoms.
Synthesis and characterisation of CdSe QDs by using a chemical solution route
Authors: Akter Mahfuza , Khan Mohammed Nazrul Islam , Mamur Hayati , Bhuiyan Mohammad Ruhul Amin 
Published: January 2020

An efficient synthesis process approach based on a chemical solution route is developed for the cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe QDs) that utilise photonic and optoelectronic device manufacturing. The developed route consists of dissolving the cadmium chloride (CdCl2. H2 O), 2‐mercaptoethanol and sodium selenide anhydrous (Na2SeO3). The different characterisation parameters such as ultraviolet (UV) absorbance, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x‐ray and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed in order to develop the CdSe QDs. When the sample was analysed from the UV–visible studies, the bandgap was about 2.16 eV, whereas the bulk CdSe bandgap was about 1.78 eV. The developed CdSe QDs possessed a cubic crystal structure with crystalline dimensions of about 4.86 nm. Its surface morphology and structure showed the smooth appearance of the surface. The result indicated agglomerated spheres. Ultimately, according to XRD and TEM results, the crystalline dimension was determined in good agreements.
The seroprevalence of HIV in patients undergoing lower limb Total Joint Arthroplasty (TJA) in South Africa
Authors: Maharaj Zia , Pietrzak Jurek Rafal Tomasz , Sikhauli Nkhodiseni , van de Jagt Dick , Mokete Lipalo 
Published: January 2020

Aim: The aim was to assess the seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in non-haemophilic patients undergoing primary Total Joint Arthroplasty (TJA) at an academic hospital in South Africa.
Methods: A retrospective review of all Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) and Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) patients from January 2017 to December 2018 was conducted. All patients awaiting TJA were offered HIV screening and their demographic data were recorded. Consenting patients were tested or the refusal of testing was documented. The CD4+ T-cell count (CD4+) and viral load (VL) was measured for all HIV-positive patients and newly diagnosed patients were initiated on Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART).
Results: We included 1007 patients in the study. The TJA population HIV seroprevalence was 10.7% (n = 108). The seroprevalence for THA was 14.9% (n = 78) and that for TKA was 6.2% (n = 30). There were 93 patients (9.2%) who refused screening. There were 12 (15.4%) and 3 patients (10%) that were newly diagnosed in the THA and TKA seropositive populations, respectively. The average CD4+ for THA and TKA was 569 cells/mm3 (105–1320) and 691 cells/mm3 (98–1406), respectively. The VL was undetectable in 75.9% (n = 82) of HIV-positive patients. Overall 12 HIV-positive patients (11.12%) had CD4+ <200 cells/mm3, 8 of these patients (66%) were newly diagnosed. The average age of the seropositive population was 58 ± 6.5 years and 66 ± 8.5 years for THA and TKA, respectively (p = 0.03). Femoral head osteonecrosis was the underlying pathology for 65.38% (n = 51) of seropositive patients for THA.
Conclusion: The seroprevalence of HIV in patients undergoing THA in our South African institution is greater than the seroprevalence in the general population. The seroprevalence of HIV in THA is significantly greater than that in TKA. This may reflect the association between HIV, HAART and hip joint degeneration. Our findings draw attention to the significant burden HIV has on TJA.
Onkologische Systemtherapie bei Palliativpatienten: Beendigung oder Fortführung?
Authors: Riera Knorrenschild Jorge 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungFortschritte in der onkologischen Therapie von nicht heilbaren Tumorpatienten machen die Einschätzung einer korrekten Prognose schwieriger. Mittels molekularer Marker unterteilen sich die diversen Tumorerkrankungen in immer kleinere Subgruppen mit unterschiedlichen Prognosen. Eine Vorstellung im interdisziplinären Tumorboard sollte Standard sein. Um übersteigerte und unrealistische Erwartungen am Lebensende zu minimieren, bedarf es optimaler Aufklärung und der Integration einer frühen palliativen Betreuung in den weiteren Behandlungsverlauf.
Cap-fitted endoscopic mucosal resection of ≥ 20 mm colon flat lesions followed by argon plasma coagulation results in a low adenoma recurrence rate
Authors: Raju Gottumukkala S. , Lum Phillip , Abu-Sbeih Hamzah , Ross William A. , Thirumurthi Selvi , Miller Ethan , Lynch Patrick , Lee Jeffrey , Bhutani Manoop S. , Shafi Mehnaz , Weston Brian , Rashid Asif , Wang Yinghong , Chang George J. , Carlson Richard , Hagan Katherine , Davila Marta , Stroehlein John 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is increasingly used for the treatment of large colonic polyps (≥ 20 mm). A drawback of EMR is local adenoma recurrence. Therefore, we studied the impact of argon plasma coagulation (APC) of the EMR edge on local adenoma recurrence.
Patients and methods This was a retrospective study of patients with laterally spreading tumors (LST) ≥ 20 mm, who underwent EMR from January 2009 to August 2018 and follow-up endoscopic assessment. A cap-fitted endoscope was used to assess completeness of resection by systematically inspecting the EMR defect for any macroscopic disease. This was followed by forced APC of the resection edge followed by clip closure of the defect. Surveillance colonoscopy was performed at 6 months after resection to detect recurrence.
Results Two hundred forty-six patients met the inclusion criteria. Most were female (53 %) and white (80 %), with a Median age of 64 years. Median polyp size was 35 mm (interquartile range, 30–45 mm). Most polyps were located in the right colon (77 %) and were removed by piecemeal EMR (70 %). Eleven patients (5 %) had residual tumor at the resection site.
Conclusions We observed low adenoma recurrence after argon plasma coagulation of the EMR edge with a cap fitted colonoscope in patients with LST ≥ 20 mm of the colon, which requires further validation in a randomized controlled study.
Derzeitiger Stand zur primären Neuroprotektion beim Glaukom
Authors: Reinehr Sabrina , Grotegut Pia , Tsai Teresa , Wagner Natalie , Joachim Stephanie C. 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungAngesichts der zunehmenden Alterung unserer Gesellschaft wird es in den kommenden Jahren zu einem Anstieg von starken Sehbinderungen und Erblindungen, auch durch das Glaukom, kommen. Aktuell beschränken sich die Therapieoptionen lediglich auf die Behandlung der Symptome, was im besten Fall zu einer Verlangsamung der Progression führt, jedoch nicht zur Heilung. Es ist daher notwendig, neue Therapiestrategien zu entwickeln, um das Glaukom adäquat und effektiv behandeln zu können und damit die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen zu verbessern. Ein möglicher Ansatz scheint die primäre Neuroprotektion darzustellen, die unabhängig von einer Drucksenkung wirkt. Es gibt Hinweise, dass Komponenten des Immunsystems eine Rolle im Rahmen der Erkrankung bzw. des Unterganges der retinalen Ganglienzellen spielen. So wurden Hinweise auf eine Beteiligung von Hitzeschockproteinen, des Komplementsystems, aber auch von Mikrogliazellen gefunden. Daher scheint eine therapeutische Modulation dieser Faktoren ein interessanter neuer Angriffspunkt für die Neuroprotektion zu sein. Untersuchungen im Tiermodell zeigten bspw., dass eine Inhibition des Komplementsystems oder der Mikroglia zu einem Schutz führt. Durch eine Modulation der Hitzeschockproteine könnten entweder deren protektive Eigenschaften gefördert oder ihre schädliche Funktion gehemmt werden, um so einen Glaukomschaden zu verhindern. Diese neuroprotektiven Ansätze könnten in Zukunft die Therapieoptionen von Glaukompatienten erweitern.
Periokuläres nekrobiotisches Xanthogranulom bei mono- und biklonaler Gammopathie
Authors: Guchlerner Marina , Brockmann Marc A. , Pitz Susanne 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDas nekrobiotische Xanthogranulom, eine sehr seltene Erkrankung mit granulomatösen Läsionen der Haut, kann mit einer Paraproteinämie assoziiert sein. Wir beschreiben 2 klinisch unterschiedliche Fälle eines periokulären nekrobiotischen Xanthogranuloms bei mono- bzw. biklonaler Gammopathie unklarer Signifikanz. Beide Patientinnen wurden erfolgreich mit einer systemischen Therapie behandelt.