bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic histiocytic intervillositis: A breakdown in immune tolerance comparable to allograft rejection?
Authors: Brady Chloe A. , Williams Charlotte , Sharps Megan C. , Shelleh Amena , Batra Gauri , Heazell Alexander E. P. , Crocker Ian P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChronic histiocytic intervillositis (CHI) is a pregnancy disorder characterized by infiltration of maternal macrophages into the intervillous space of the human placenta, often with accompanying perivillous fibrin deposition. CHI is associated strongly with foetal growth restriction and increased risk of miscarriage and stillbirth. Although rare, affecting 6 in every 10 000 pregnancies beyond 12 weeks’ gestation, the rate of recurrence is high at 25%–100%. To date, diagnosis of CHI can only be made post‐delivery upon examination of the placenta due to a lack of diagnostic biomarkers, and criteria vary across publications. No treatment options have shown proven efficacy, and CHI remains a serious obstetric conundrum. Although its underlying aetiology is unclear, due to the presence of maternal macrophages and the reported increased incidence in women with autoimmune disease, CHI is hypothesized to be an inappropriate immune response to the semi‐allogeneic foetus. Given this lack of understanding, treatment approaches remain experimental with limited rationale. However, there is recent evidence that immunosuppression and antithrombotic therapies may be effective in preventing recurrence of associated adverse pregnancy outcomes. With similarities noted between the pathological features of CHI and acute rejection of solid organ transplants, further investigation of this hypothesis may provide a basis for tackling CHI and other immune‐related placental conditions. This review will explore parallels between CHI and allograft rejection and identify areas requiring further confirmation and exploitation of this comparison.
PIGH deficiency can be associated with severe neurodevelopmental and skeletal manifestations
Authors: Tremblay‐Laganière Camille , Kaiyrzhanov Rauan , Maroofian Reza , Nguyen Thi Tuyet Mai , Salayev Kamran , Chilton Ilana T. , Chung Wendy K. , Madden Jill A. , Phornphutkul Chanika , Agrawal Pankaj B. , Houlden Henry , Campeau Philippe M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhosphatidylinositol Glycan Anchor Biosynthesis class H (PIGH) is an essential player in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) synthesis, an anchor for numerous cell membrane‐bound proteins. PIGH deficiency is a newly described and rare disorder associated with developmental delay, seizures and behavioral difficulties. Herein, we report three new unrelated families with two different bi‐allelic PIGH variants, including one new variant p.(Arg163Trp) which seems associated with a more severe phenotype. The common clinical features in all affected individuals are developmental delay/intellectual disability and hypotonia. Variable clinical features include seizures, autism spectrum disorder, apraxia, severe language delay, dysarthria, feeding difficulties, facial dysmorphisms, microcephaly, strabismus, and musculoskeletal anomalies. The two siblings homozygous for the p.(Arg163Trp) variant have severe symptoms including profound psychomotor retardation, intractable seizures, multiple bone fractures, scoliosis, loss of independent ambulation, and delayed myelination on brain MRI. Serum iron levels were significantly elevated in one individual. All tested individuals with PIGH deficiency had normal alkaline phosphatase and CD16, a GPI‐anchored protein (GPI‐AP), was found to be decreased by 60% on granulocytes from one individual. This study expands the PIGH deficiency phenotype range toward the severe end of the spectrum with the identification of a novel pathogenic variant.
Clinical comparison of different flap advancement techniques to periosteal releasing incision in guided bone regeneration: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zazou Nada , Diab Noha , Bahaa Samah , el Arab Azza Ezz , Aziz Omniya Abdel , el Nahass Hani 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare Double Flap Incision (DF), Coronally Advanced Lingual Flap (CALF), and Modified Periosteal Releasing Incision (MPRI) to Periosteal Releasing Incision (PRI) in flap advancement, postoperative complications in augmentation using titanium mesh.Material and methodsForty patients with partially edentulous posterior mandibles were randomly assigned to the four groups. We evaluated: (a) Flap advancement in mm (Primary outcome). (b) Pain using the Numerical Rating scale (NRS). (c) Swelling using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). (d) Exposure in mm and exposure percentage at 1 week to 6 months.ResultsThe CALF showed the highest mean flap advancement of 19.9 (±5.0) mm while the PRI showed the lowest; 10.2 (±1.7) mm. The difference between groups was statistically significant (P value <.0001). MPRI showed the highest pain score of 5.3 (±1.3) while the DF showed the lowest; 2.39 (±1.7). Swelling did not show a significant difference between groups. MPRI showed the highest exposure mean; 18.6 mm (±26.3) while CALF showed the lowest; 2.5 mm (±4.0). PRI showed the highest exposure percentage; 7.4% (±9.3) while CALF showed the lowest; 0.4% (±0.7). The difference between groups was insignificant.ConclusionsCALF reported highest advancement, least complications while PRI reported the highest complications.
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma with germinative follicular differentiation
Authors: Moya‐Martínez Cristina , Torre‐Castro Juan , Mendoza‐Cembranos Dolores , Santonja Carlos , Requena Luis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicrocystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a low‐grade adnexal carcinoma with controversial lines of differentiation. We present here an example of MAC showing histopathologic findings of germinative follicular differentiation in the form of solid aggregates of trichoblastoma intermingled with neoplastic aggregates of MAC. Immunohistochemical findings, showing positivity for PHLDA1 and negativity for BerEp4 in neoplastic aggregates of trichoblastoma, also supported a germinative follicular differentiation. Follicular differentiation in MAC supports an apocrine line of differentiation for this neoplasm.
Development of functional pectin edible films with fillers obtained from red cabbage and beetroot
Authors: Otálora González Carlos M. , De’Nobili Maria D. , Rojas Ana M. , Basanta María F. , Gerschenson Lía N. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe present study aims to develop through casting, functional composite edible films based on pectin using beetroot powder and red cabbage powder as fillers obtained from by‐products of plant tissue industrialisation. Physico‐chemical, mechanical, thermal properties and colour stability of the films along 30 days of storage (5–45 °C; absence of light) were evaluated. The moisture and the stress at break decreased, and the intensity of red colour and the hydrophobicity increased with the presence of fillers. According to the FTIR results, there was a good compatibility between matrix and fillers in the composites. Pectin films generated an enhanced stability of red colour after 30 days of storage at 5 and 25 °C and, in general, after 16 days for 45 °C, showing their suitability to be used as colouring agents for edible food packaging applications.
Cyanogenic, carotenoids and protein composition in leaves and roots across seven diverse population found in the world cassava germplasm collection at CIAT, Colombia
Authors: Ospina Maria A. , Pizarro Monica , Tran Thierry , Ricci Julien , Belalcazar John , Luna Jorge L. , Londoño Luis F. , Salazar Sandra , Ceballos Hernan , Dufour Dominique , Becerra Lopez‐Lavalle Luis A. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe objective of this study was to characterise the nutritional potential of leaves and identify a diversity centre with low cyanide and high nutrient content among 178 Latin American cassava genotypes. This field‐based collection represents the seven diversity centres, held at The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT Palmira, Colombia) by the Cassava Program. The cyanide, all‐trans‐β‐carotene and lutein concentrations in cassava leaves ranged from 346 to 7484 ppm dry basis (db), from 174–547 μg g−1db and 15–181 μg g−1db, respectively. Cassava leaves also showed significant levels of essential amino acids leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, valine and threonine, and average total protein content of 26.24 g 100 g−1db. Among seven diversity centres, South American rainforest group showed low cyanide and high carotene content in leaves. In addition, VEN77 and PAN51 genotypes stood out for having low cyanide in leaves and roots and high carotene in leaves. This genetic diversity can be used to select high potential progenitors for breeding purposes.
Pod storage time and spontaneous fermentation treatments and their impact on the generation of cocoa flavour precursor compounds
Authors: Koné Koumba Maï , Assi‐Clair Brice Judicaël , Kouassi Ange Didier Dominique , Yao Alfred Koffi , Ban‐Koffi Louis , Durand Noël , Lebrun Marc , Maraval Isabelle , Bonlanger Renaud , Guehi Tagro Simplice 
Published: November 2020

SummaryMost of volatile flavour compounds occurred during the cocoa postharvest operations including pod storage and fermentation whom effects on these metabolites were aimed by the present study. Three different spontaneous fermentation treatments were performed on the farm, and the main isolated yeasts were identified using PCR‐DGGE technique. Fermented cocoa beans were solar‐dried, and their flavour compounds were identified using solid phase microextraction technique–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The main results showed that Pichia kudriavzevii was common yeast involved in the cocoa fermentation. Thirty flavour precursor compounds grouped into six chemical families including alcohols and pyrazines were identified in raw cocoa samples. ACP showed that short durations of pod storage and fermentation promote the formation of flavour precursors of cocoa. No spontaneous cocoa fermentation treatment influenced the occurrence of aroma compounds. The generation of flavour compounds depends only on the pod storage and the fermentative microorganisms of cocoa.
Physicochemical properties of rice flour as affected by alkaline soaking and washing treatments
Authors: Pedcharat Kasarin , Jangchud Kamolwan , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEffects of alkaline [NaOH, saturated Ca(OH)2 and/or limewater] soaking and subsequent washing (with water vs. without washing) treatments on physicochemical properties of rice flour were investigated. Alkaline soaking treatment generally caused a loss of granule angularity but some birefringence was observed for unwashed alkali‐soaked flour granules. After soaking, protein content of the flours significantly (P < 0.05) decreased but swelling power significantly (P < 0.05) increased compared to the control (soaked in water). The washed flours had lower protein content than unwashed flours (3.77–6.87% vs. 5.26–7.87%). The NaOH‐soaking treatment yielded higher swelling power and solubility, respectively, for unwashed and washed flours. Alkaline soaking increased breakdown but decreased pasting temperature, trough viscosity, final viscosity and setback of the paste compared to the control. Compared to the control, hardness of soaked flour paste was lower due to lower final viscosity and setback. Overall, physicochemical properties of rice flour could be modified by alkali‐soaking and washing treatments.
The Regulation of Private Money*
Authors: GORTON GARY 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFinancial crises are bank runs. At root, the problem is short‐term debt (private money), which while an essential feature of market economies, is inherently vulnerable to runs in all its forms (not just demand deposits). Bank regulation aims at preventing bank runs. History shows two approaches to bank regulation: the use of high‐quality collateral to back banks’ short‐term debt and government insurance for the short‐term debt. Also, explicit or implicit limitations on entry into banking can create charter value (an intangible asset) that is lost if the bank fails. This can create an incentive for the bank to abide by the regulations and not take too much risk.
Capital Adequacy Pre‐ and Postcrisis and the Role of Stress Testing
Authors: SCHUERMANN TIL 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe financial crisis forced the development of new approaches for determining capital adequacy in banks since extant methods clearly did not prepare banks or their supervisors sufficiently. The success of stress testing as a crisis response tool, particularly in the U.S. in 2009, has led to its adoption postcrisis as the tool of choice for assessing capital adequacy in banks and testing resiliency to economic and financial shocks. But the increased reliance on stress testing in financial peacetime has given rise to a new risk concentration, namely, in the rather narrow set of scenarios and their translation to outcomes and impact on bank financials.
Targeting transthyretin ‐ Mechanism‐based treatment approaches and future perspectives in hereditary amyloidosis
Authors: Dohrn Maike F. , Ihne Sandra , Hegenbart Ute , Medina Jessica , Züchner Stephan L. , Coelho Teresa , Hahn Katrin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe liver‐derived, circulating transport protein transthyretin (TTR) is the cause of systemic hereditary (ATTRv) and wild‐type (ATTRwt) amyloidosis. TTR stabilization and knockdown are approved therapies to mitigate the otherwise lethal disease course. To date, the variety in phenotypic penetrance is not fully understood. This systematic review summarizes the current literature on TTR pathophysiology with its therapeutic implications. Tetramer dissociation is the rate‐limiting step of amyloidogenesis. Besides destabilizing TTR mutations, other genetic (RBP4, APCS, AR, ATX2, C1q, C3) and external (extracellular matrix, Schwann cell interaction) factors influence the type of onset and organ tropism. The approved small molecule tafamidis stabilizes the tetramer and significantly decelerates the clinical course. By sequence‐specific mRNA knockdown, the approved small interfering RNA (siRNA) patisiran and antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) inotersen both significantly reduce plasma TTR levels and improve neuropathy and quality of life compared to placebo. With enhanced hepatic targeting capabilities, GalNac‐conjugated siRNA and ASOs have recently entered phase III clinical trials. Bivalent TTR stabilizers occupy both binding groves in vitro, but have not been tested in trials so far. Tolcapone is another stabilizer with the potential to cross the blood–brain barrier, but its half‐life is short and liver failure a potential side effect. Amyloid‐directed antibodies and substances like doxycycline aim at reducing the amyloid load, however, none of the yet developed antibodies has successfully passed clinical trials. ATTR‐amyloidosis has become a model disease for pathophysiology‐based treatment. Further understanding of disease mechanisms will help to overcome the remaining limitations, including application burden, side effects, and blood–brain barrier permeability.
image
Between Pachakuti and Passive Revolution: The Search for Post‐colonial Sovereignty in Bolivia
Authors: Hesketh Chris 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFrom the period 2000 to 2005, Bolivia experienced a profound political convulsion as social movements rose‐up to contest the neoliberal model of development. This was most markedly inspired by contestation over the control of natural resources, namely water and gas. The period of mobilisation brought down two successive governments and propelled the MAS, led by Evo Morales, to power in 2006. This period also helped to revalorise indigenous culture and held out hope for a reimagining of power, politics and political economy. The transformation that would result from this uprising, effectively re‐founded Bolivia as a “pluri‐national state,” recognising 36 separate national groups with their own languages and cultures. This was, furthermore, a process based on the convergence of national‐popular and indigenous struggles. However, following his disputed election for a fourth successive term in office, Evo Morales and other key leaders of the MAS have gone into exile, while right‐wing, revanchist social forces are increasingly prominent. How do we begin to make sense of this turn of events, which include the swirling combinations of reactionary capitalist interests but also left‐indigenous critiques of development from marginalised sectors? In this article, I argue that we need to situate Bolivia's indigenous social movements in the struggle between Pachakuti (an Andean term referring to the desire to turn the world upside down and forge a new time and space) and passive revolution (a state‐led process of modernisation that seeks to expand capitalist social relations whilst incorporating limited demands from below, ultimately diffusing their radical potential).
Minding the Gaps in British Ethnic Entrepreneurship and Commercial History: From the Genesis to the 21st Century
Authors: Yamoah Fred A. , Johnson Christopher 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTracing the origin and development of British ethnic entrepreneurship from the 1800s to the 21st century raises awareness of a salient research gap to make a contribution to entrepreneurship research. We draw on path dependency theory to understand the range of socio‐cultural and economic factors that inform the dynamic behaviour and actions of visible minorities (Africans, Chinese, South Asians and people form the Caribbean) ethnic entrepreneurship. Archival and industry documentations are analysed to identify four distinctive epochal periods of origination of ethnic entrepreneurship that highlight the path dependency of activities. Furthermore, we found network alliances, business clusters and resilience factors, such as founder‐owner social outlook, culture, faith, and social identity as critical success factors. We further outline the implications of the historical development for research, government policy, industry and entrepreneurial practice in the UK.
Developing a research diagnostic criteria for burning mouth syndrome: Results from an international Delphi process
Authors: Currie Charlotte C. , Ohrbach Richard , De Leeuw Reny , Forssell Heli , Imamura Yoshiki , Jääskeläinen Satu K. , Koutris Michail , Nasri‐Heir Cibele , Huann Tan , Renton Tara , Svensson Peter , Durham Justin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a beta version of a preliminary set of empirically derived research diagnostic criteria (RDC) for burning mouth syndrome (BMS) through expert consensus, which can then be taken into a test period before publication of a final RDC/BMS.DesignA 6 round Delphi process with twelve experts in the field of BMS was used. The first round formed a focus group during which the purpose of the RDC and the definition of BMS was agreed upon, as well as the structure and contents. The remaining rounds were carried out virtually via email to achieve a consensus of the beta version of the RDC/BMS.ResultsThe definition of BMS was agreed to be ‘an intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day over more than 3 months, without evident causative lesions on clinical examination and investigation’. The RDC was based upon the already developed and validated RDC/TMD and formed three main parts: patient self‐report; examination; and psychosocial self‐report. A fourth additional part was also developed listing aspirational biomarkers which could be used as part of the BMS diagnosis where available, or to inform future research.ConclusionThis Delphi process has created a beta version of an RDC for use with BMS. This will allow future clinical research within BMS to be carried out to a higher standard, ensuring only patients with true BMS are included. Further validation studies will be required alongside refinement of the RDC as trialling progresses.
Impact of Body Weight Perceptions and Electronic Bullying on Suicide‐Related Risk Behaviors among Youth: Results from Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, 2015
Authors: Singh Shipra , Thompson Carly Jean , Kak Rahul , Smith Lauren Nicole , Quainoo Nadia 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDFor youth between the ages of 10 and 24, suicide is the third leading cause of death, and results in approximately 4600 lives lost each year. Body weight status and bullying is associated with increase mental health disorders.METHODSWe analyzed data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, consisting of 15,506 students in grades 9‐12. Logistic regression analysis was performed using STATA13 to estimate the independent association of perceived weight status and bullying experienced at school and electronically to suicidal behaviors measured as—considered suicide, made a suicide plan, attempted suicide, and injurious suicide attempt, after controlling for socio‐demographics.RESULTSConsidered suicide and attempted suicide were significantly associated with very overweight, slightly overweight, very underweight, and slightly underweight weight perceptions. Made suicide plan was significantly associated with slightly and very overweight perceptions. Injurious suicide attempt was significantly associated with very underweight or very overweight perceptions. Bullying, at school and electronically was significantly associated with all suicidal behaviors.CONCLUSIONSExamination of not just body weight status but body weight perceptions held by adolescent students, and the experience of not just in‐person bullying but also electronic bullying on youth suicidal behaviors is crucial.
Three‐dimensional bladder ultrasound for estimation of urine volume in dogs compared with traditional 2‐dimensional ultrasound methods
Authors: Kendall Allison , Keenihan Erin , Kern Zachary T. , Lindaberry Crystal , Birkenheuer Adam , Moore George E , Vaden Shelly L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough point‐of‐care volumetric assessments of the urinary bladder are not routinely performed in dogs, urine volume quantification can provide important clinical information including noninvasive urine output estimation.Hypothesis/ObjectiveUse of 3‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound for determination of urinary bladder volume (UBV) in dogs will be accurate for different bladder volumes and will decrease the need for operator skill in measuring UBV compared to 2‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound evaluation.AnimalsTen laboratory‐bred Beagle dogs.MethodsProspective, experimental study. Urinary bladders were infused with a calculated amount of sterile saline to represent small, medium, and large volumes. Each UBV was estimated and calculated by a board‐certified veterinary radiologist using 3 different 2D ultrasound formulas followed by use of a 3D ultrasound device by a novice. Measured UBVs were compared to the instilled UBV for both 2D and 3D ultrasound methods. Time from start to end of examination was recorded for both ultrasound methods in a subset of dogs.ResultsThe 3D ultrasound device underestimated UBV with a mean difference of −9.8 mL compared with 2D ultrasound that overestimated UBV with a difference of +4.2 to 20.3 mL dependent on the 2D formula used. The 3D ultrasound method took less time to measure UBV (mean of 80 seconds per measurement) compared to the 2D method (165 seconds per measurement;P= .02).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe tested 3D ultrasound device was found to be an accurate and rapid point‐of‐care tool for measuring UBV in dogs, providing a noninvasive method to estimate bladder volume in real time.