bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SRY‐negative 46,XX testicular/ovotesticular DSD: Long‐term outcomes and early blockade of gonadotropic axis
Authors: Lambert Sophie , Peycelon Matthieu , Samara‐Boustani Dinane , Hyon Capucine , Dumeige Laurence , Peuchmaur Michel , Fiot Elodie , Léger Juliane , Simon Dominique , Paye‐Jaouen Annabel , Bouligand Jérome , Siffroi Jean‐Pierre , Carel Jean‐Claude , McElreavey Ken , El Ghoneimi Alaa , Brachet Cécile , Bouvattier Claire , Martinerie Laetitia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveSRY‐negative 46,XX testicular and ovotesticular disorders/differences of sex development (T/OTDSD) represent a very rare and unique DSD condition where testicular tissue develops in the absence of a Y chromosome. To date, very few studies have described the phenotype, clinical and surgical management and long‐term outcomes of these patients. Particularly, early blockade of the gonadotropic axis in patients raised in the female gender to minimize postnatal androgenization has never been reported.DesignRetrospective description of sixteen 46,XX T/OTDSD patients.ResultsSixteen 46,XX SRY‐negative T/OTDSD were included. Most (12/16) were diagnosed in the neonatal period. Sex of rearing was male for six patients and female for ten, while the clinical presentation varied, with an external masculinization score from 1 to 10. Five patients raised as girl were successfully treated with GnRH analog to avoid virilization during minipuberty. Ovotestes/testes were found bilaterally for 54% of the patients and unilaterally for the others (with a contralateral ovary). Gonadal surgery preserved appropriate tissue in the majority of cases. Spontaneous puberty occurred in two girls and one boy, while two boys required hormonal induction of puberty. One of the girls conceived spontaneously and had an uneventful pregnancy. DNA analyses (SNP‐array, next‐generation sequencing and whole‐exome sequencing) were performed. A heterozygous frameshit mutation in the NR2F2 gene was identified in one patient.ConclusionsThis study presents a population of patients with 46,XX SRY‐negative T/OTDSD. Early blockade of gonadotropic axis appears efficient to reduce and avoid further androgenization in patients raised as girls.
Assessing the strength of climate and land‐use influences on montane epiphyte communities
Authors: Richards Jeannine H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEpiphytes, air plants that are structurally dependent on trees, are a keystone group in tropical forests; they support the food and habitat needs of animals and influence water and nutrient cycles. They reach peak diversity in humid montane forests. Climate predictions for Central American mountains include increased temperatures, altered precipitation seasonality, and increased cloud base heights, all of which may challenge epiphytes. Although remaining montane forests are highly fragmented, many tropical agricultural systems include trees that host epiphytes, allowing epiphyte communities to persist even in landscapes with lower forest connectivity. I used structural equations models to test the relative effects of climate, land use, tree characteristics, and biotic interactions on vascular epiphyte diversity with data from 31 shade coffee farms and 2 protected forests in northern Nicaragua. I also tested substrate preferences of common species with randomization tests. Tree size, tree diversity, and climate all affected epiphyte richness, but the effect of climate was almost entirely mediated by bryophyte cover. Bryophytes showed strong sensitivity to mean annual temperature and insolation. Many ferns and some orchids were positively associated with bryophyte mats, whereas bromeliads tended to establish among lichen or on bare bark. The tight relationships between bryophytes and climate and between bryophytes and vascular epiphytes indicated that relatively small climate changes could result in rapid, cascading losses of montane epiphyte communities. Currently, shade coffee farms can support high bryophyte cover and diverse vascular epiphyte assemblages when larger, older trees are present. Agroforests serve as valuable reservoirs for epiphyte biodiversity and may be important early‐warning systems as the climate changes.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals heterogeneity and differential expression of decidual tissues during the peripartum period
Authors: Huang Jingrui , Li Qi , Peng Qiaozhen , Xie Yingming , Wang Weinan , Pei Chenlin , Zhao Yanhua , Liu Rong , Huang Lihui , Li Tieping , Xie Liangqun , Zhang Jiejie , Dai Lei , Chen Jingfei , Sun Jingchi , Zhang Weishe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe decidua is a tissue that contacts both maternal and foetal components and is pivotal to labour onset due to its location. Due to the heterogeneity of decidual tissue, it is challenging to study its role in the peripartum period. Herein, we analysed the transcriptomes of peripartum decidua at single‐cell resolution.Materials and methodsSingle‐cell RNA sequencing was performed for 29 231 decidual cells before and after delivery to characterize the transcriptomes.ResultsEight major cell types (including endothelial cells, fibroblasts) and subtypes of decidual stromal cells, extravillous trophoblasts and T cells were identified and found to have various functions. Compared with before delivery, the activation of decidual stromal cell, extravillous trophoblast and T‐cell subtypes to different degrees was observed after delivery. Furthermore, the activation involved multiple functions, such as cell proliferation, and several pathways, such as the activator protein 1 pathway. The results of pseudotemporal ordering showed differentiation of decidual stromal cell and extravillous trophoblast subtypes, suggesting inhomogeneity of these subgroups in decidualization (decidual stromal cell) and invasion (extravillous trophoblast).ConclusionsThe peripartum decidual tissue is heterogeneous. This study revealed changes in the decidua and its components at single‐cell resolution; these findings provide a new perspective for the study of peripartum decidua.
An integrated approach to tackling wildlife crime: Impact and lessons learned from the world's largest targeted manta ray fishery
Authors: Booth Hollie , Mardhiah Ulfah , Siregar Hanifah , Hunter Jonathan , Giyanto  , Putra Mochamad Iqbal Herwata , Marlow Jo , Cahyana Andi , Boysandi  , Demoor Apolinardus Yosef Lia , Lewis Sarah , Adhiasto Dwi , Adrianto Luky , Yulianto Irfan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractManta rays (Mobula birostris and M. alfredi) are threatened by overexploitation for international trade. Indonesia was home to the world's largest documented manta fishery—Lamakera, in East Nusa Tenggara. However, in 2014, the Indonesian government declared manta rays a protected species. Here we describe an integrated intervention to reduce manta hunting and mortality in Lamakera, which combined community outreach and livelihood‐focused incentives with targeted enforcement actions; and assess its impact over a five‐year period (2013–2018) using a theory‐based research design. Results show that the intervention is associated with a significant decline in manta hunting effort and mortality (p < .001), which is correlated and temporally‐associated with conservation activities, and did not occur for modeled and natural experiment counterfactuals. Overall, total manta ray mortality declined by 86% by 2018, vs. the 2013 baseline. We conclude that a multifaceted, data‐driven approach reduced illegal hunting and trade of manta rays from 2013 to 2018. However, this impact is not indefinite; new challenges are emerging, which highlight the importance of a long‐term adaptive strategy. We make several recommendations for designing interventions to mitigate trade‐driven over‐exploitation of megafauna: (a) understand diverse drivers of human behavior; (b) adopt data‐driven problem‐oriented planning; (c) continuously document and share learning; (d) establish partnerships with diverse stakeholders to develop resilient institutions for enduring impact.
A threatened species index for Australian birds
Authors: Bayraktarov Elisa , Ehmke Glenn , Tulloch Ayesha I. T. , Chauvenet Alienor L. , Avery‐Gomm Stephanie , McRae Louise , Wintle Brendan A. , O'Connor James , Driessen Joris , Watmuff James , Nguyen Hoang Anh , Garnett Stephen T. , Woinarski John , Barnes Megan , Morgain Rachel , Guru Siddeswara , Possingham Hugh P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractQuantifying species population trends is crucial for monitoring progress towards global conservation targets, justifying investments, planning targeted responses and raising awareness about threatened species. Many global indicators are slow in response and report on common species, not on those at greatest risk of extinction. Here we develop a Threatened Species Index as a dynamic tool for tracking annual changes in Australia's imperiled birds. Based on the Living Planet Index method and containing more than 17,000 time series for 65 bird taxa surveyed systematically, the index at its second iteration shows an average reduction of 59% between 1985 and 2016, and 44% between 2000 and 2016. Decreases seem most severe for shorebirds and terrestrial birds and least severe for seabirds. The index provides a potential means for measuring performance against the Convention on Biological Diversity's Aichi Target 12, enabling governments, agencies and the public to observe changes in threatened species.
Knowledge, attitude and behaviours toward mental illness and help‐seeking in a large nonclinical Tunisian student sample
Authors: Fekih‐Romdhane Feten , Chebbi Ons , Sassi Hadhami , Cheour Majda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMental disorders are widespread among students. However, mental health help‐seeking remains low. Several reviews and meta‐analyses have shown that the main barrier to seeking help from mental health professionals is stigma. This paper aimed to assess stigma in a sample of students, and its association with help‐seeking intentions and comfort with disclosing a mental illness.MethodThe ‘Community Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill’, the ‘Mental Health Knowledge Schedule’, and the ‘Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale’ were administered to a total of 714 college students (62.2% female; mean age = 20.9).ResultsWe found that 43.8% of students agreed that one of the main causes of mental illness is a lack of self‐discipline and willpower, 21.9% did not consider depression as a mental illness, and 39.6% felt that they would be 'unlikely' or 'very unlikely' to seek the help of a health professional for mental health problems. Females had higher scores in help‐seeking intentions (p < .001) and knowledge of mental illness (p = .019). Students' age negatively correlated with knowledge (p < .001, r = −.147). Pearson correlations indicated that help‐seeking intentions positively correlated with more favourable future intentions of being in contact with a person with a mental illness (p < .001, r = .103) and greater mental health knowledge (p < .001, r = .163); and that comfort with disclosing significantly and negatively correlated with attitudes (p < .001, r = −.125).ConclusionTo date, few young people see mental health professionals as a preferred source of support, and action is needed to change this perception or reform mental health services to make them more attractive to this age group.
Cross‐species transmission of retroviruses among domestic and wild felids in human‐occupied landscapes in Chile
Authors: Sacristán Irene , Acuña Francisca , Aguilar Emilio , García Sebastián , José López María , Cabello Javier , Hidalgo‐Hermoso Ezequiel , Sanderson Jim , Terio Karen A. , Barrs Vanessa , Beatty Julia , Johnson Warren E. , Millán Javier , Poulin Elie , Napolitano Constanza 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHuman transformation of natural habitats facilitates pathogen transmission between domestic and wild species. The guigna (Leopardus guigna), a small felid found in Chile, has experienced habitat loss and an increased probability of contact with domestic cats. Here, we describe the interspecific transmission of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) between domestic cats and guignas and assess its correlation with human landscape perturbation. Blood and tissue samples from 102 free‐ranging guignas and 262 domestic cats were collected and analyzed by PCR and sequencing. Guigna and domestic cat FeLV and FIV prevalence were very similar. Phylogenetic analysis showed guigna FeLV and FIV sequences are positioned within worldwide domestic cat virus clades with high nucleotide similarity. Guigna FeLV infection was significantly associated with fragmented landscapes with resident domestic cats. There was little evidence of clinical signs of disease in guignas. Our results contribute to the understanding of the implications of landscape perturbation and emerging diseases.
Effects of two fretting damage modes on the dental implant–abutment interface and the generation of metal wear debris: An in vitro study
Authors: Gao Jing , Min Jie , Chen Xin , Yu Ping , Tan Xin , Zhang Qianqian , Yu Haiyang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFretting damage at the dental implant–abutment interface (IAI) is a critical factor of dental implant failure, and it has been investigated using fatigue cycle (FC) loading tests. For the first time, we applied chewing cycle (CC) loading onto the IAI to simulate masticatory movements. It was found that more serious furrow wear was induced by the sliding forces present under CC loading. Furthermore, four types of metal wear debris and a markedly higher torque loss rate were observed after undergoing both cyclic loadings. Such debris can aggravate the resulting fretting damage, and an increased amount of large‐grain wear debris was generated under CC loading. Therefore, CC loading can be an effective approach for exploring the fretting damage at the IAI to improve implant‐supported prostheses.
Temperature adaptation of soil microbial respiration in alpine, boreal and tropical soils: An application of the square root (Ratkowsky) model
Authors: Li Jinquan , Bååth Erland , Pei Junmin , Fang Changming , Nie Ming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWarming is expected to stimulate soil microbial respiration triggering a positive soil carbon‐climate feedback loop while a consensus remains elusive regarding the magnitude of this feedback. This is partly due to our limited understanding of the temperature‐adaptive response of soil microbial respiration, especially over broad climatic scales. We used the square root (Ratkowsky) model to calculate the minimum temperature for soil microbial respiration (Tmin, which describes the temperature adaptation of soil microbial respiration) of 298 soil samples from alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau and forest ecosystems across China with a mean annual temperature (MAT) range from −6°C to +25°C. The instantaneous soil microbial respiration was determined between 4°C and 28°C. The square root model could well fit the temperature effect on soil microbial respiration for each individual soil, with R2 higher than 0.98 for all soils. Tmin ranged from −8.1°C to −0.1°C and increased linearly with increasing MAT (R2 = 0.68). MAT dominantly regulated Tmin variation when accounting simultaneously for multiple other drivers (mean annual precipitation, soil pH and carbon quality); an independent experiment showed that carbon availability had no significant effect on Tmin. Using the relationship between Tmin and MAT, soil microbial respiration after an increased MAT could be estimated, resulting in a relative increase in respiration with decreasing MAT. Thus, soil microbial respiration responses are adapted to long‐term temperature differences in MAT. We suggest that Tmin = −5 + 0.2 × MAT, that is, every 1°C rise in MAT is estimated to increase Tmin of respiration by approximately 0.2°C, could be used as a first approximation to incorporate temperature adaptation of soil microbial respiration in model predictions. Our results can be used to predict future changes in the response of soil microbial respiration to temperature over different levels of warming and across broad geographic scales with different MAT.
Uncharted waters of the entrepreneurial ecosystems research: Comparing Greater Istanbul and Reading ecosystems
Authors: Belitski Maksim , Büyükbalci Pınar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study introduces the complementarity perspective to the entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) research as a process to compare the two entrepreneurial ecosystems of Reading (United Kingdom) and Istanbul (Turkey). We apply the multiple‐case design methodology based on the rapid ethnography and the grounded theory to construct two entrepreneurial ecosystem models characterized by different EE taxonomy pillars and embedded in different local and institutional contexts. As a result of the study, two findings emerge. First, we find three distinct complementarities in both EEs: access to resources, effective use of resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and ecosystem awareness. Second, EE taxonomy pillars serve as mediators between ecosystem elements that drive entrepreneurial activity and complementarities. We argue that this approach could be applied to understand how EEs work and develop in regions with heterogeneous economic, geographical, and institutional contexts.
Volunteering masculinities in search and rescue work: Is there “a place for girls on the team”?
Authors: Weller Sarah‐Louise , Clarke Caroline A , Brown Andrew D 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article explores performative enactments of gender at work in a UK‐based Search and Rescue voluntary organization, QuakeRescue. Based on ethnographic research, we analyze how gender is performatively constituted in this male‐dominated setting, focusing in particular on how hegemonic masculinity is enacted through bodies, physicality, and technical competence. Our findings show how performative acts, predicated on essentialist understandings of superior masculine bodies, constructed femininity as limited, deficient, and Other, legitimizing the assigning of mundane, routine tasks to women volunteers. By endorsing women's presence, albeit as low‐status team members, there was sufficient recognition to ensure that sedimented practices of “doing gender” at QuakeRescue remained largely unquestioned. We conclude that hegemonic masculinity predicated on bodily practices in male‐dominated workspaces is oppressive in its effects, and until this is recognized and acknowledged, transformative potential is limited.
Describing pre‐appointment written materials as an intervention in the context of children’s NHS therapy services: A national survey
Authors: Armitage Samantha , McColl Elaine , Kolehmainen Niina , Rapley Tim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractContextPre‐appointment written materials, including letters and leaflets, are commonly used by healthcare organisations to deliver professional‐patient interactions. The written materials potentially change patients’ knowledge and behaviour as part of a healthcare intervention but have received little investigation.ObjectiveTo describe the content of pre‐appointment written materials through a behaviour change intervention perspective.DesignMixed methods study with an online questionnaire about pre‐appointment written materials and an analysis of actual materials. Questionnaire data were analysed descriptively and pre‐appointment materials by qualitative framework analysis.Setting and participantsChildren's community/outpatient occupational therapy, physiotherapy and/or speech and language therapy services across the UK. Service managers/clinical leads provided data.InterventionPre‐appointment written materials.ResultsQuestionnaire responses were received from n = 110 managers/clinical leads from n = 58 NHS organisations. Written materials (n = 64) were received from n = 24 organisations. Current materials are used by therapy services as a conduit to convey the therapy service's expectations related to: accessing the service, decision‐making about care and help‐giving. The materials enrol the parent and child to the therapy services’ expectations by behaviour change techniques. The materials configure the parent/child expectations, knowledge and behaviour towards the therapy services’ operational procedures.ConclusionPre‐appointment written materials configure patients to organisations’ operational procedures. The written materials currently lack support for parent/child empowerment, shared decision‐making and self‐management to improve health.Patient ContributionFour parents of children accessing therapy services were involved in the study. The parents shared their experiences to highlight the importance of the topic and contributed to the final research design and methods.
Remembering the Vikings: Violence, institutional memory and the instruments of history
Authors: Ellis Caitlin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Vikings maintain a fearsome and violent reputation to this day. This perspective on vikings was shaped by monastic chroniclers and dynastic propaganda. But are vikings the victims of history because their history has been written by their victims? Viking violence has been contextualised using comparative history but also as the result of a socialised warrior mentality. To church historians, vikings could explain the lack of memory in their own institutions; gaps in historical records are still attributed to viking devastation. Sometimes viewed as the instruments of God in the medieval period, now vikings are the instruments of history, either as convenient explanations or catalysts for change.
Evidence–practice gaps in initial neuro‐protective nursing care: A mixed methods study of Thai patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Promlek Kesorn , Currey Judy , Damkliang Jintana , Considine Julie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsThis paper aims to identify the frequency and nature of evidence–practice gaps in the initial neuro‐protective nursing care of patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury provided by Thai trauma nurses.BackgroundLittle is known about how Thai trauma nurses use evidence‐based practice when providing initial neuro‐protective nursing care to patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury.DesignA mixed methods design was used to conduct this study.MethodsData were collected from January to March 2017 using observations and audits of the clinical care of 22 patients by 35 nurses during the first 4 h of admission to trauma ward. The study site was a regional hospital in Southern Thailand.ResultsThe major evidence–practice gaps identified were related to oxygen and carbon dioxide monitoring and targets, mean arterial pressure and systolic blood pressure targets and management of increased intracranial pressure through patient positioning and pain and agitation management.ConclusionThere were evidence–practice gaps in initial neuro‐protective nursing care provided by Thai trauma nurses that need to be addressed to improve the safety and quality of care for Thai patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury.