bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kant on Structural Domination and Global Justice
Authors: Jugov Tamara 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper offers a novel reading of Immanuel Kant’s mature political philosophy. It argues that Kant’s doctrine of right is best understood as dealing with the question of how to justify practices of social power. It thereby suggests that the main object of Kant’s doctrine of right should be read in terms of individuals’ higher order power of free choice and action (“Willkür”). It then argues that the main normative problem Kant discusses in the doctrine of right is the problem of domination. While Kant must allow persons the exercises of their capacities for free choice and action for reasons of freedom, the structural upshots of such exercises by a multitude of empirically interconnected persons leads to a structure of private right, which is normatively problematic. This paper suggests interpreting this problem as one of structural domination. This reading sheds new light on Kant’s institutional theory of global justice. It enables us to better understand Kant’s theory of global institutionalization, particularly with regard to the question of why national and global institutionalization are so important in Kant’s theory and with regard to the question of what type of law cosmopolitan law is.
Justice as a Personal Virtue and Justice as an Institutional Virtue: Mencius’s Confucian Virtue Politics
Authors: Huang Yong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
It has been widely observed that virtue ethics, regarded as an ethics of the ancient, in contrast to deontology and consequentialism, seen as an ethics of the modern (Larmore 1996: 19–23), is experiencing an impressive revival and is becoming a strong rival to utilitarianism and deontology in the English-speaking world in the last a few decades. Despite this, it has been perceived as having an obvious weakness in comparison with its two major rivals. While both utilitarianism and deontology can at the same time serve as an ethical theory, providing guidance for individual persons and a political philosophy, offering ways to structure social institutions, virtue ethics, as it is concerned with character traits of individual persons, seems to be ill-equipped to be politically useful. In recent years, some attempts have been made to develop the so-called virtue politics, but most of them, including my own (see Huang 2014: Chapter 5), are limited to arguing for the perfectionist view that the state has the obligation to do things to help its members develop their virtues, and so the focus is still on the character traits of individual persons. However important those attempts are, such a notion of virtue politics is clearly too narrow, unless one thinks that the only job the state is supposed to do is to cultivate its people’s virtues. Yet obviously the government has many other jobs to do such as making laws and social policies, many if not most of which are not for the purpose of making people virtuous. The question is then in what sense such laws and social policies are moral in general and just in particular. Utilitarianism and deontology have their ready answers in the light of utility or moral principles respectively. Can virtue ethics provide its own answer? This paper attempts to argue for an affirmative answer to this question from the Confucian point of view, as represented by Mencius. It does so with a focus on the virtue of justice, as it is a central concept in both virtue ethics and political philosophy.
Analyse der Grenzstreifen des religiösen Feldes
Authors: Lehmann Karsten 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die deutschsprachige Religionswissenschaft setzt sich zunehmend mit den Grenzen des religiösen Feldes auseinander. Vor diesem Hintergrund möchte der vorliegende Artikel Religionswissenschaftlerinnen und Religionswissenschaftler dazu einladen, die Beschäftigung mit Meso-Phänomenen an den Grenzen des religiösen Feldes weiter zu systematisieren.
In Auseinandersetzung mit Pierre Bourdieu schlägt der Autor dabei vor, Grenzen nicht als einfach Demarkationslinien zwischen ‚dem Religiösen‘ und ‚dem Säkularen‘ zu greifen, sondern als komplexe und dynamische Grenzstreifen zwischen unterschiedlichen Feldern.
Am Beispiel des Menschenrechtsdiskurses in der religiös affiliierten Nichtregierungsorganisation Pax Romana entwickelt der Artikel ein komplexes Konzept von Grenzstreifen, welches das Augenmerk auf die vielfältigen empirischen Prozesse auf den Grenzstreifen des religiösen Feldes lenkt. Besonders richtet er den Blick auf Sedimentierungsprozesse und ihre Konsequenzen für die kulturellen Tiefenstrukturen des religiösen Feldes.
Sektorale und berufsspezifische Ausbildungsstrategien und Übergangsmuster nach der dualen Ausbildung
Authors: Haverkamp Katarzyna , Seibert Holger , Wesling Mirko 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Based on the Integrated Employment Biographies data (IEB) of the Institute for Employment Research, the study compares the transition patterns after completion of vocational training in craft trades and in other sectors of economic activity. According to Soskice (1994) and Steedman (1993), dual training in the craft sector exhibits some distinctive features that can be expected to increase the risk of non-smooth transitions and to inhibit labor market integration of its apprentices. The analysis shows that currently almost all apprentices manage to enter regular employment within one year after graduation. However, apprenticeship graduates from craft trades are more likely to be affected by temporary unemployment. Additionally, the wage disadvantages associated with a job change are significantly higher in craft trades than in other occupations. Further analysis reveals that these average effects mask large differences at the occupational level. We conclude, that future research should draw more attention to transition risks on occupational rather than on sectoral level.
Apoptosis induction by α-mangostin-loaded nanoparticles in human cervical carcinoma cells
Authors: Nguyen Minh H. , Nguyen Dat T. , Nguyen Phuong T.M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The compound α-mangostin (AMG) extracted from Garcinia mangostana L. has potent anticancer properties but its clinical application is limited because of its poor solubility. In this study, AMG-loaded nanoparticles (NMG) were synthesized using a new formula and their apoptosis activity against human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells was investigated in comparison with organic solvent-soluble AMG in free form. The NMG was successfully synthesized with a particle size of <50 nm, polydispersity index <0.3, and zeta potential of −35.2 mV. At a concentration of 10 μg/mL, AMG reduced cell survival by 60%, whereas NMG treatment resulted in >90% cell death (p < 0.05). The AMG- or NMG-treated cells also showed changes in the size and shape and exhibited enhanced intensity of blue-stained nuclei, as well as decreased cell density, especially in NMG-treated cells. After 24 h of incubation with AMG or NMG, the cells went through late apoptosis at a rate of approximately 34% in 20 μg/mL AMG treatment and 27% in 10 μg/mL NMG treatment (p < 0.05). Thus, HeLa cells underwent more pronounced cell death through apoptosis induction caused by the NMG treatment compared to that caused by AMG. Clearly, the new NMG improved AMG bioavailability while maintaining the desired activity.
The expression and purification of LpxA of Chlamydia trachomatis and preparation of its polyclonal antibody
Authors: Li De-Kun , Mu Ying-Tao , Feng Huan-Huan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to purify the LpxA protein of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) and prepare the polyclonal antibody against LpxA protein, so as to lay a foundation for studying the function of LpxA protein. The LpxA gene was amplified by PCR. The expression plasmid pET28a-LpxA was constructed by using pET28a as the vector. The fusion protein containing 6 histidine tag was induced by IPTG and purified by Ni2+ chromatography gel. The purified His-LpxA protein was used as an immunogen to immunize New Zealand rabbits subcutaneously through the back to prepare polyclonal antibody. Immunoblotting was used to detect the reaction between the antibody and His-LpxA. The determination of polyclonal antibody titer was detected by ELISA. The relative molecular weight of His-LpxA was 32.8 kDa, and it could be expressed in Escherichia coli. The purity of the purified protein was about 95%. After immunizing New Zealand rabbits, the antiserum was able to recognize the recombinant His-LpxA protein with a titer greater than 1:10240. In this study, LpxA protein was successfully purified and antiserum was prepared, which provided an experimental basis for studying the function of LpxA protein.
Direct Kinetic Measurements and Master Equation Modelling of the Unimolecular Decomposition of Resonantly-Stabilized CH2CHCHC(O)OCH3 Radical and an Upper Limit Determination for CH2CHCHC(O)OCH3 + O2 Reaction
Authors: Joshi Satya Prakash , Seal Prasenjit , Pekkanen Timo Theodor , Timonen Raimo Sakari , Eskola Arrke J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Methyl-Crotonate (MC, (E)-methylbut-2-enoate, CH3CHCHC(O)OCH3) is a potential component of surrogate fuels that aim to emulate the combustion of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biodiesels with significant unsaturated FAME content. MC has three allylic hydrogens that can be readily abstracted under autoignition and combustion conditions to form a resonantly-stabilized CH2CHCHC(O)OCH3 radical. In this study we have utilized photoionization mass spectrometry to investigate the O2 addition kinetics and thermal unimolecular decomposition of CH2CHCHC(O)OCH3 radical. First we determined an upper limit for the bimolecular rate coefficient of CH2CHCHC(O)OCH3 + O2 reaction at 600 K (k ≤ 7.5 × 10−17 cm3 molecule−1 s−1). Such a small rate coefficient suggest this reaction is unlikely to be important under combustion conditions and subsequent efforts were directed towards measuring thermal unimolecular decomposition kinetics of CH2CHCHC(O)OCH3 radical. These measurements were performed between 750 and 869 K temperatures at low pressures (<9 Torr) using both helium and nitrogen bath gases. The potential energy surface of the unimolecular decomposition reaction was probed at density functional (MN15/cc-pVTZ) level of theory and the electronic energies of the stationary points obtained were then refined using the DLPNO-CCSD(T) method with the cc-pVTZ and cc-pVQZ basis sets. Master equation simulations were subsequently carried out using MESMER code along the kinetically important reaction pathway. The master equation model was first optimized by fitting the zero-point energy corrected reaction barriers and the collisional energy transfer parameters

Δ

E

down
,
ref

$\Delta{E_{{\text{down}},\;{\text{ref}}}}$

and n to the measured rate coefficients data and then utilize the constrained model to extrapolate the decomposition kinetics to higher pressures and temperatures. Both the experimental results and the MESMER simulations show that the current experiments for the thermal unimolecular decomposition of CH2CHCHC(O)OCH3 radical are in the fall-off region. The experiments did not provide definite evidence about the primary decomposition products.
Ist doch selbstverständlich, oder? – Plausibilität, Chancen und Grenzen konfessioneller Kooperation in exegetischer Perspektive
Authors: Guttenberger Gudrun , Münch Christian 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die exegetischen Methoden, wie sie in der Alt- und Neutestamentlichen Wissenschaft verwendet werden und wie sie die Forschungsergebnisse dieser Disziplinen generieren, differieren prinzipiell weder zwischen den konfessionellen Theologien noch anderen Wissenschaften, deren Gegenstand in historischen Texten gegeben ist. Zu theologischen und damit auch konfessionell gebundenen Disziplinen werden die Alt- und Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft durch (1) ihre Identitätsnarrative, mithin die Disziplinen- und Forschungsgeschichte, die konfessionell signifikant differieren, sowie (2) durch ihren als Gegenstand, insofern er durch die Zuschreibung von Kanonizität und durch Übersetzungstraditionen in Umfang und Textgrundlage konfessionell spezifisch konstituiert wird. Eine interkonfessionelle Kooperation in den Lehramtsstudiengängen muss sowohl dazu anleiten, die Identitätsnarrative trennscharf aufeinander zu beziehen, als auch die kirchlichen Bibelausgaben von den historischen Textformen unterscheiden zu lernen.
Interreligiöses Begegnungslernen in der Ausbildung von Religionslehrkräften in Heidelberg und Wien
Authors: Boehme Katja , Krobath Thomas 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Im gesellschaftlichen und schulischen Kontext ist die Kooperation zwischen religiösen und säkularen Weltsichten und Fachperspektiven von zunehmender Bedeutung. In Heidelberg und Wien sind vergleichbare Konzepte fächerkooperierenden interreligiösen Begegnungslernens unter verschiedenen Rahmenbedingungen in die Ausbildung von Lehrerinnen und Lehrern implementiert. Beide Konzepte beruhen auf einem hochschuldidaktisch reflektierten pragmatischen Begegnungsverständnis. Lernen geschieht in didaktisch inszenierten, themenzentrierten und zeitlich begrenzten Settings und Phasen der Differenzierung und Begegnung.
Circuit-Specific Dendritic Development in the Piriform Cortex
Authors: Moreno-Velasquez Laura , Lo Hung , Lenzi Stephen , Kaehne Malte , Breustedt Jörg , Schmitz Dietmar , Rüdiger Sten , Johenning Friedrich W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDendritic geometry is largely determined during postnatal development and has a substantial impact on neural function. In sensory processing, postnatal development of the dendritic tree is affected by two dominant circuit motifs, ascending sensory feedforward inputs and descending and local recurrent connections. In the three-layered anterior piriform cortex (aPCx), neurons in the sublayers 2a and 2b display vertical segregation of these two circuit motifs. Here, we combined electrophysiology, detailed morphometry, and Ca2+imaging in acute mouse brain slices and modeling to study circuit-specific aspects of dendritic development. We observed that determination of branching complexity, dendritic length increases, and pruning occurred in distinct developmental phases. Layer 2a and layer 2b neurons displayed developmental phase-specific differences between their apical and basal dendritic trees related to differences in circuit incorporation. We further identified functional candidate mechanisms for circuit-specific differences in postnatal dendritic growth in sublayers 2a and 2b at the mesoscale and microscale levels. Already in the first postnatal week, functional connectivity of layer 2a and layer 2b neurons during early spontaneous network activity scales with differences in basal dendritic growth. During the early critical period of sensory plasticity in the piriform cortex, our data are consistent with a model that proposes a role for dendritic NMDA-spikes in selecting branches for survival during developmental pruning in apical dendrites. The different stages of the morphologic and functional developmental pattern differences between layer 2a and layer 2b neurons demonstrate the complex interplay between dendritic development and circuit specificity.
Covid-19: Titik Kisar dan Potret Pendidikan
Authors: Nirwansyah Nirwansyah 
Published: May 2020

The outbreak has historically been a problem that has claimed many victims. In the 21st century, humanity has been shocked by the emergence of three epidemics in the last two decades. The latest outbreak was found in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019 which is called the Novel Coronavirus 2019 or Corona Virus Desease 2019 (Covid-19). The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the status of Covid-19 as a global pandemic, which in a relatively short time has spread to various countries. Covid-19 has impacted various lines of life such as economy, socio-culture, politics, psychology, education, and so on. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the implications of the pandemic on education. This study uses a qualitative research method with a library approach sourced from books, journals or scientific papers, articles, and other digital literature. This study describes how Covid-19 can affect and restructure education both in various countries in the world, including Indonesia. The results show that there are three trends that have emerged in the world of global education in the midst of a pandemic and there are four ways that Covid-19 can change the way of educating future generations. So, it is time for the world of education to get out of the status quo and improve towards a futuristic education (education 4.0).Keywords: Corona, Education, Education 4.0 AbstrakSecara historis wabah telah menjadi masalah yang banyak memakan korban. Pada abad ke-21 ini umat manusia dikagetkan dengan munculnya tiga wabah dalam dua dekade terkahir. Wabah terbaru ditemukan di Wuhan, China pada akhir 2019 yang disebut dengan Novel Coronavirus 2019 atau Corona Virus Desease 2019 (Covid-19). Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) menetapkan status Covid-19 sebagai pandemi global, yang dalam waktu relatif singkat telah menyebar ke berbagai mancanegara. Covid-19 telah berdampak pada berbagai lini kehidupan seperti ekonomi, sosial-budaya, politik, psikologi, pendidikan, dan sebagainya. Tujuan studi ini ialah untuk memberikan gambaran tentang implikasi pandemi terhadap pendidikan. Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan pustaka yang bersumber dari buku-buku, jurnal atau makalah ilmiah, artikel, dan literatur digital lainnya. Studi ini mendeskripsikan bagaimana Covid-19 bisa memepengaruhi dan menata ulang pendidikan baik di berbagai negara-negara dunia termasuk Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada tiga tren yang muncul dalam dunia pendidikan global di tengah pandemi dan terdapat empat cara Covid-19 bagaimana mengubah cara mendidik bagi generasi yang akan datang. Sehingga, sudah saatnya dunia pendidikan keluar dari status quo dan berbenah diri menuju pendidikan yang futuristik (edukasi 4.0).Kata Kunci: Corona, Pendidikan, Edukasi 4.0
INVESTIGATING IN-SERVICE TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS ON ONLINE AND AUTONOMOUS LEARNING
Authors: Masrizal  , Apriani Fata Ika , Erdiana Nira 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of the study: The aim of this study is to investigate in-service teachers’ perception of online and autonomous learning and what types of obstacles they face during the program. It investigates the practice of autonomous learning classrooms by 101 Indonesian in-service English teachers in an entirely online learning environment, where skills and learning tools are incorporated to form integrated autonomous learning activities.
Methodology: This research was conducted at Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia. Online questionnaire was used to gather information from 101 participants about their autonomous learning experience through task-based instructions (TBI).
Main Findings: Our research results indicated that the range of modules and tasks given to the in-service teacher participants were able to foster independent learning. Findings suggest that in-service teachers showed positive attitudes towards the implementation of online autonomous learning, while limited task instructions, technical issues, and communication constraints were among obstacles faced by the participants during the program.
Applications of this study: It is hoped that the findings of the present study will contribute to the development of the existing literature in the field of teacher training and can be used as an important input for the improvement of the current teacher training program.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is intended to draw conclusions from a series of actual research data and contribute a new angle to the existing research on teachers’ perception on online and autonomous learning.
REAKSI PASAR SAHAM YANG TERDAFTAR DALAM JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX (JII) TERHADAP PENGUMUMAN PENETAPAN GUBERNUR DKI JAKARTA TAHUN 2017
Authors: Sukmaningrum Puji Sucia , Madyan Muhammad , Hendratmi Achsania 
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this research is to analyze the reaction of investors before and after the announcement of the determination of the Governor of DKI Jakarta in 2017 against abnormal return and trading volume of activity. These studies use quantitative methods of event study. Estimation period is 60 days and research period is 10 days before and 10 days after the announcement. the sample of this research is 30 stocks listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). The results showed no significant difference against AAR and ATVA before and after the announcement. Investor it is possible already to react before the official announcement of the Election Commission (KPU). Investors could do predictions the election results of the Survey or the quick count.Keywords: Market Reaction, Event Study, Abnormal Return, Trading Volume Activity, Islamic Capital Market.
EVOLUTION OF ISLAMIC SOCIAL REPORTING: VIEWED FROM ISLAMIC POSITION IN THE CONTINUUM SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Cahya Bayu Tri , Rohmah Farida 
Published: May 2020

Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) is a form of reporting on social activities based on spiritual principles and community expectations holistically related to the role of companies in society and the environment. This article analyzes the evolution and implementation of Islamic Social Reporting. This study was conducted with a literature study by reviewing the empirical evidence of previous research and the legal framework used as the foundation. This study reviews the evolution of the Islamic Social Reporting literature in an effort to evaluate its current position. From the review, it is proven that companies who implement the reporting of social activities presented in the company's annual report have been at the strategic level of the Islamic responsibility continuum. Where the level of corporate reporting in this category, indicates that the company has fulfilled the principle of social responsibility. The Strategic level itself includes altruistic responsibilities such as contributive actions to the community, providing decent wages to employees, conservation of the environment, so that long-term expectations can increase credibility and the level of trust of its stakeholders. Keywords: Islamic Social Reporting, Spiritual Perspective, Responsibilities.