bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space in transformation: Public versus private climate change adaptation in peripheral coastal tourism areas—Case studies from Quebec, Canada
Authors: Lapointe Dominic , Lebon Coralie , Guillemard Alexis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractClimate change makes the tourism industry vulnerable, as many of its resources will be heavily impacted by its effects. Coastal destinations are likely to be the most affected by rising sea levels and extreme weather events, calling for a sociospatial analysis of the dynamics of peripheral coastal tourism communities. Using a production of space framework, we describe how tourism space is produced and (re)produced in two Canadian communities located along the St. Lawrence River estuary: Tadoussac and Notre‐Dame‐du‐Portage. A case study methodology including observation, semistructured interviews, and discourses analysis is applied to deconstruct the sociospatial process of climate change adaptation. The main findings stress the importance of discourse and land tenure strategies used by different stakeholders. Managers of publicly owned land tend to make environmental strategies (green infrastructure) central to their adaptation strategies, whereas private land owners tend to use man‐made interventions (grey infrastructure) and closing space strategies to protect and enhance their land values in response to the increasing threat and evidence of climate change impacts. The results call for further research that takes the social processes of value creation embedded in land tenure and land markets into account.
Superhydrophobic Porous PLLA Sponges with Hierarchical Micro‐/Nano‐Structures for High‐Efficiency Self‐Cleaning
Authors: Wang Yongtao , Tian Shilin , Sun Qingqing , Liu Wentao , Duan Ruixia , Yang Huige , Liu Xuying , Chen Jinzhou 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPorous poly (l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) sponges have received rapid development in the materials science and energy fields due to their good biocompatibility and degradability. Herein, hierarchical micro‐/nano‐structures of PLLA sponges are successfully prepared by the microphase separation method to investigate the influence of non‐solvents on PLLA microtopography. The interaction ability between PLLA and various alcohol non‐solvents is precisely calculated by using the Flory–Huggins equation. SEM results show that the porosity of PLLA surfaces increases with increasing non‐solvent solubility parameters at a certain range. When the solubility parameters of alcohol non‐solvents are much higher than that of PLLA, PLLA bulks accumulate on the surfaces, mainly caused by its insolubility. DSC curves disclose that the crystallinity has a positive relationship with contents and solubility parameters of alcohol non‐solvents. Furthermore, these porous PLLA surfaces show strong water repellency and self‐cleaning ability so that the contaminant can be quickly cleared away from the PLLA surfaces. This study provides a new insight into understanding the formation process of PLLA porous materials and the wetting variation for high‐efficiency self‐cleaning.
General intelligence and emotional intelligence in senior management in the distribution sector: An applied analysis with synthetic indicators
Authors: Sánchez Rafael Castaño , Pérez Carmelo García , Aránega Alba Yela 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the importance of General Intelligence (GI) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) to leadership skills among a sample of managers. It presents a methodology based on constructing two synthetic indicators that aggregate and measure the different components of EI and GI. The relationship between the two indicators and a one‐dimensional indicator that measures leadership capacity is then studied. This methodology is applied to data taken from questionnaires sent to hierarchical superiors in a leading international company in the distribution sector. The results of the study conducted on a sample of managers show that the intensity and direction of the effect of GI and EI on leadership capacity are similar, positive and significant in both cases.
Identification of susceptibility gene mutations associated with the pathogenesis of familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer
Authors: Zhu Junwei , Wu Kaile , Lin Zhangying , Bai Suwen , Wu Jing , Li Peikun , Xue Haowei , Du Juan , Shen Bing , Wang Huiyin , Liu Yehai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundFamilial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) accounts for approximately 3%–9% of all thyroid cancers; however, the mechanisms underlying FNMTC remain unclear. Environmental and genetic (especially genetic mutation) factors may play important roles in FNMTC etiology, development, and pathogenesis.MethodsThree affected members, including two first‐degree relatives, and three healthy members of a family with FNMTC were studied. We performed whole‐exome and targeted gene sequencing to identify gene mutations that may be associated with FNMTC pathogenesis. The results were analyzed using Exome Aggregation Consortium data and the Genome Aggregation Database and further validated using Sanger sequencing.ResultsOf 28 pivotal genes with rare nonsynonymous mutations found, 7 were identified as novel candidate FNMTC pathogenic genes (ANO7, CAV2, KANK1, PIK3CB, PKD1L1, PTPRF, and RHBDD2). Among them, three genes (PIK3CB, CAV2, and KANK1) are reportedly involved in tumorigenesis through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.ConclusionWe identified seven pathogenic genes in affected members of a family with FNMTC. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is thought to be closely related to the development of FNMTC, and three of the susceptibility genes identified herein are associated with this pathway. These findings expand our understanding of FNMTC pathogenesis and underscore PI3K/Akt pathology as a potential therapy target.
Multi‐atlas segmentation of the skeleton from whole‐body MRI—Impact of iterative background masking
Authors: Ceranka Jakub , Verga Sabrina , Kvasnytsia Maryna , Lecouvet Frédéric , Michoux Nicolas , de Mey Johan , Raeymaekers Hubert , Metens Thierry , Absil Julie , Vandemeulebroucke Jef 
Published: October 2019

PurposeTo improve multi‐atlas segmentation of the skeleton from whole‐body MRI. In particular, we study the effect of employing the atlas segmentations to iteratively mask tissues outside of the region of interest to improve the atlas alignment and subsequent segmentation.MethodsAn improved atlas registration scheme is proposed. Starting from a suitable initial alignment, the alignment is refined by introducing additional stages of deformable registration during which the image sampling is limited to the dilated atlas segmentation label mask. The performance of the method was demonstrated using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation using atlases of 10 whole‐body 3D‐T1 images of prostate cancer patients with bone metastases and healthy male volunteers, and compared to existing state of the art. Both registration accuracy and resulting segmentation quality, using four commonly used label fusion strategies, were evaluated.ResultsThe proposed method showed significant improvement in registration and segmentation accuracy with respect to the state of the art for all validation criteria and label fusion strategies, resulting in a Dice coefficient of 0.887 (STEPS label fusion). The average Dice coefficient for the multi‐atlas segmentation showed over 11% improvement with a decrease of false positive rate from 28.3% to 13.2%. For this application, repeated application of the background masking did not lead to significant improvement of the segmentation result.ConclusionsA registration strategy, relying on the use of atlas segmentations as mask during image registration was proposed and evaluated for multi‐atlas segmentation of whole‐body MRI. The approach significantly improved registration and final segmentation accuracy and may be applicable to other structures of interest.
Ship differential game approach for multiple players: Stackelberg security games
Authors: Solis Cesar U. , Clempner Julio B. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryCasting the problem as a pursuit‐evasion behavior in continuous time, this paper addresses a class of multiplayer ship differential Stackelberg security game. We are concerned with the conditions under which the defenders can capture the attackers. We represent the Stackelberg game as a Nash game for relaxing the interpretation of the noncooperative solution and the equilibrium selection problem. The weights of the players for the Nash solution are determined by their role in the Stackelberg game. The defenders try to minimize the capture condition. The attackers, knowing that they are being pursued by defenders, try to maximize the capture condition and minimize the distance to a certain target. For computing the equilibrium of the game, we employ a saddle‐point method approach. The method consists of two half‐steps iterated procedure where the functional of the game decrease and finally converges to an equilibrium point. We present the analysis of the convergence. Finally, we give a numerical example to illustrate the effectiveness and usefulness of our approach.
Spatial and temporal variability in energy and water vapour fluxes observed at seven sites on the Indian subcontinent during 2017
Authors: Bhat G. S. , Morrison R. , Taylor C. M. , Bhattacharya B. K. , Paleri S. , Desai D. , Evans J. G. , Pattnaik S. , Sekhar M. , Nigam R. , Sattar A. , Angadi S. S. , Kacha D. , Patidar A. , Tripathi S. N. , Krishnan K. V. M. , Sisodiya A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnder the INCOMPASS project, state of the art eddy‐covariance based surface flux measurement systems were installed at eight locations across India. These sites cover different climatic conditions, land use and land cover, and water management practices. Here we present the initial analysis of the measurements taken at seven sites mainly focusing on the year 2017, quantifying for the first time the remarkable contrasts in evaporative fraction across the seasons, climate zones and land management practices of the Indian subcontinent. With the exception of Jaisalmer which is the driest of the places studied, all the sites maintain values of evaporative fraction above 0.5 after the monsoon through to November. By contrast, for those sites with natural vegetation or rain‐fed agriculture, evaporative fraction remains below 0.3 for the dry January–May period. In the middle Gangetic Plain area, irrigation and pre‐monsoon showers together maintain evaporative fraction above 0.5 between January and June. It is also observed that different variables exhibit different intraseasonal variation characteristics even at one site. Except for Samastipur which is situated in the middle Indo‐Gangetic Plains, wind speed shows spectral peak at a smaller time‐scale compared to sensible and latent heat fluxes.
Significance of iron compounds in chemical and electro‐oxidation treatment of sugar industry wastewater: Batch reaction
Authors: Sahu Omprakash 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIndustrialization plays a major role in a nation's growth. However, with an increase in industrial activities, pollution levels are also increasing. Among all industries, the sugar‐processing industry is one that requires large amounts of water to process the sugar, and, consequently, it discharges large amounts of water as effluent. Highly polluted wastewater brings changes to the physicochemical characteristics of the surrounding environment. Iron compounds have had a significant impact when they are used in wastewater treatment in various applications, including when they are used to minimize the pollution levels in sugar industry wastewater (SIWW). To minimize the pollutant levels from SIWW, iron compounds have been key for uses in treatments involving chemical and electro‐oxidation. Two different methodologies of electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation have been used to treat SIWW. In electrocoagulation, an iron plate is used as an electrode material under specific operating conditions. Ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride have been used as chemical coagulants at various pH and mass loading levels. The use of iron metals shows an 82% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and an 84% reduction in color at the optimum condition of pH 6, an electrode distance of 20 millimeters, and a current density of 156 square centimeters. As a chemical coagulant, iron salt (ferrous sulfate) provides a reduction of 77% COD and a 91% reduction of color at pH 6 and a 40‐millimole mass loading. Electrochemical treatment using iron was found to be suitable to treat SIWW. The sludge generated after treatment can be burned or composted with the possible recovery of some of the treatment costs.
Dissipation power homogenization of anisotropic linear viscoelastic composites
Authors: Mika M. , Horst T. , Landgraf R. , Ihlemann J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe current work presents a thermodynamic consistent derivation of the volume‐specific dissipation power and energy function based on an anisotropic generalized Maxwell model. Further the equivalence to a physically meaningful effective dissipation power and energy density of a heterogeneous microstructure, exhibiting macroscopic direction‐dependent linear viscoelastic material behavior, is shown.
Introduction: The Cold War in the Classroom International Perspectives on Textbooks and Memory Practices
Authors: Christophe Barbara 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the introduction to the volume, Barbara Christophe presents the objectives of the book; namely to explore how the memory of the Cold War is negotiated in history textbooks, teacher narratives and the history classroom in a range of different countries. The multinational perspectives are of particular significance given that the story of the confrontaiton between East and West was once crucial for the articulation of political identites all over the world. Christophe discusses the various approaches employed by the authors of the book and the value of the volume’s findings for memory studies and history didactics.
The Cold War in South African History Textbooks
Authors: Chisholm Linda , Fig David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA remarkable feature of the Cold War is its coincidence with the period of apartheid in South Africa, in which it played an important role. This is evident in school textbooks, where it is a major topic in the final years of history. But while there is a growing body of work on the Cold War in Africa, there is a very small literature on its manifestation in South Africa and, with one exception, nothing on how school textbooks may have reinforced or challenged its main precepts. Linda Chisholm and Davig Fig seek to fill this research gap with a study of curricula and textbooks, showing that the most significant change since the apartheid period is that the convergence of anticommunism with black liberation movements has given way to a friendlier approach towards movements for decolonisation and the East than was previously evident.
Dictatorship and the Cold War in Official Chilean History Textbooks
Authors: Oteíza Teresa , Castro Claudia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOteíza and Castro explain the importance of studying how the memory of the Cold War period is negotiated in official Chilean history textbooks, and particularly how these textbooks address dictatorships in Latin America and the role played by the USA in regard to them. The authors focus particularly on the historical actors, events and processes identified in the textbook discourse and how they are evaluated in the construction of a historical account of a past that is still open to debate. The study uses discourse analysis anchored in a social, ideological and socio-semiotic perspective.
Introduction to Part Three: Memory Practices in the Classroom
Authors: Gautschi Peter , Christophe Barbara , Thorp Robert 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn their introduction to the third part of the volume, editors Peter Gautschi, Barbara Christophe and Robert Thorp explore the complexities and difficulties inherent in history teaching and the various approaches and methods employed to analyse it. They introduce the following chapters, which analyse classroom observations in Germany, Switzerland and Sweden, during lessons introducing the Cold War, and summarise the insights gained from these studies.
Pedagogical Entanglements and the Cold War: A Comparative Study on Opening History Lessons on the Cold War in Sweden and Switzerland
Authors: Thorp Robert 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThorp uses the case studies of two classrooms, one Swiss, one Swedish, exploring different pedagogical approaches to the Cold War and addressing the challenges posed to teachers of history in general. There is, he argues, a tension inherent in history that arises because history is both fixed yet also contingent upon who relates it. In this chapter, Thorp examines the degree to which the two teachers in his case study operate within this contingency. Thorp’s model of the narratological uses of history allows him to formulate a pedagogical approach which prioritises critical enquiry and the awareness of historical consciousness. Teaching the Cold War particularly reinforces this conclusion, because the topic can be addressed from radically different perspectives.
Between Radical Shifts and Persistent Uncertainties: The Cold War in Russian History Textbooks
Authors: Khodnev Alexander 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlexander Khodnev explores how, in four different Russian history textbooks, all widely used and all aimed at eleventh graders, the Cold War is approached and responsibility for its origins apportioned, aiming to understand how textbooks alter and are also shaped by the construction of historical memory and shifts in historiography. The chapter examines the extent to which each textbook upholds a patriotic ‘master narrative’, the standards of teaching in Russia which further establish this narrative and the lasting impact of the Soviet era on Russian textbooks. Yet Khodnev also considers how ambivalence is introduced into these textbooks through the inclusion of other countries’ histories, the history of decolonisation, the linguistic choices of different authors and the spatial design of each textbook.
Between Non-human and Individual Agents: The Attribution of Agency in Chapters on the Cold War in Flemish History Textbooks
Authors: Van Nieuwenhuyse Karel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVan Nieuwenhuyse, utilising content and discourse analysis, compares chapters on the Cold War in four different Flemish textbooks used to teach twelfth grade, examining both how they portray the Soviet Union and the USA and which groups they assign agency to in this period (from non-human actors, such as nations, to individuals). Students, Van Nieuwenhuyse argues, must understand the importance of agency in history and in their daily lives, a significance which they can recognise through being taught history. The chapter proposes that an education in history which emphasises nuance, resists homogenisation and explicitly highlights different historiographical approaches to the Cold War in turn encourages students to realise the importance of individual and collective action in the past and future.
Cosmetic Surgery and Self-esteem in South Korea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yoon Sanghoo , Kim Young A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Advances in medical technology coupled with rapid growth of web-based mass media and social networking services have considerably increased public access to cosmetic surgery. In South Korea, in particular, the number of people undergoing cosmetic surgery has been rapidly increasing, and studies related to cosmetic surgery have markedly increased. We report an integrative review of studies examining the relationship between cosmetic surgery and self-esteem in Korea. We aimed to identify relevant variables and determine their overall effect sizes.

Methods
This study was designed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Two researchers separately performed the literature search, selected 16 papers based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and analyzed them.

Results
Of the 16 papers on cosmetic surgery and self-esteem, 5 (33.3%) involved both men and women, and the remaining 11 (66.7%) involved only women. The respondents included teenagers and adults. The total number of respondents was 6296, with an average of 393.5 per paper. Most studies (n = 13, 81.3%) used the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Self-esteem was correlated with variables grouped into the following six categories: appearance management intention, cosmetic surgery intention, sociocultural attitude, body satisfaction, BMI, and stress. The effect sizes from the meta-analysis with correlation coefficients were 0.157, − 0.118, 0.023, 0.175, − 0.045, and − 0.085.

Conclusions
Among the relevant variables categorized in this study, sociocultural attitude, BMI, and stress showed weak effect sizes, and the appearance management intention, cosmetic surgery intention, and body satisfaction categories showed intermediate effect sizes. The results of this study are expected to serve as a concrete basis for the development of strategies to minimize the adverse effects of the ever-growing cosmetic surgery industry. This information can help elucidate the psychologic characteristics of individuals seeking cosmetic surgery and contribute to optimal medical outcomes.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Low Incidence of Postoperative Leaks When Using Small‐Diameter Calibrated Bougies During Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sakran Nasser , Raziel Asnat , Gralnek Ian M. , Perry Zvi , Mahawar Kamal K. , Shikora Scott A. , Goitein David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a well‐established bariatric procedure. A staple line leak is a recognized complication of LSG. Bougie size has been suggested to impact leak rates. In this study, we evaluate the impact of using 32–34F bougie sizes with LSG on early postoperative outcomes including staple line leaks within our practice.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort analysis of a prospectively maintained database of all LSG procedures performed between January 2012 and December 2018 at a single medical center. Data collected and analyzed included bougie size, postoperative leak rate, need for re‐operation, 12‐month excess weight loss, and 30‐day morbidity and mortality.ResultsDuring the study period, 3153 patients underwent LSG, of whom 1977 (62.7%) were female. Mean age and body mass index (BMI) were 42.9 ± 12.2 years (range 15–76 years) and 42.4 ± 5.2 kg/m2 (range 27–73), respectively. No intraoperative complications or mortality occurred. There was one case of perioperative mortality due to bleeding (0.03%). Early postoperative adverse events occurred in 131 patients (4.1%): 17 leaks (0.5%), 75 bleeds (2.4%), and 39 (1.2%) other.ConclusionThe use of smaller‐sized (32–34F) bougies had no impact on staple line leaks in the hands of experienced bariatric surgeons at a high‐volume center.