bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The same but different: setal arrays of anoles and geckos indicate alternative approaches to achieving similar adhesive effectiveness
Authors: Garner Austin M. , Wilson Michael C. , Wright Caitlin , Russell Anthony P. , Niewiarowski Peter H. , Dhinojwala Ali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe functional morphology of squamate fibrillar adhesive systems has been extensively investigated and has indirectly and directly influenced the design of synthetic counterparts. Not surprisingly, the structure and geometry of exemplar fibrils (setae) have been the subject of the bulk of the attention in such research, although variation in setal morphology along the length of subdigital adhesive pads has been implicated to be important in the effective functioning of these systems. Adhesive setal field configuration has been described for several geckos, but that of the convergent Anolis lizards, comprised of morphologically simpler fibrils, remains largely unexplored. Here, we examine setal morphology along the proximodistal axis of the digits of Anolis equestris and compare our findings to those for a model gecko, Gekko gecko. Consistent with previous work, we found that the setae of A. equestris are generally thinner, shorter, and present at higher densities than those of G. gecko and terminate in a single spatulate tip. Contrastingly, the setae of G. gecko are hierarchically branched in structure and carry hundreds of spatulate tips. Although the splitting of contacts into multiple smaller tips is predicted to increase the adhesive performance of a fiber compared to an unbranched one, we posited that the adhesive performance of G. gecko and A. equestris would be relatively similar when the configuration of the setal fields of each was accounted for. We found that, as in geckos, setal morphology of A. equestris follows a predictable pattern along the proximodistal axis of the pad, although there are several critical differences in the configuration of the setal fields of these two groups. Most notably, the pattern of variation in setal length of A. equestris is effectively opposite to that exhibited by G. gecko. This difference in clinal variation mirrors the difference in the direction in which the setal fields of anoles and geckos are peeled from the substrate, consistent with the hypothesis that biomechanical factors are the chief determinants of these patterns of variation. Future empirical work, however, is needed to validate this. Our findings set the stage for future comparative studies investigating the functional morphology of these convergent adhesive apparatuses. Such investigations will lead to an enhanced understanding of the interactions between form, function, and environment of fibril‐based biological adhesive systems.
The effect of acute morphine on sleep in male patients suffering from sleep apnea: Is there a genetic effect? An RCT Study
Authors: Rowsell Luke , Wu Justin Guang‐Ao , Yee Brendon J. , Wong Keith K.H. , Sivam Sheila , Somogyi Andrew A. , Grunstein Ronald R. , Wang David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractQuestionnaire‐based studies have suggested genetic differences in sleep symptoms in chronic opioid users. The present study aims to investigate if there is a genetic effect on sleep architecture and quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) in response to acute morphine. Under a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover design, 68 men with obstructive sleep apnea undertook two overnight polysomnographic studies conducted at least 1 week apart. Each night they received either 40 mg of controlled‐release morphine or placebo. Sleep architecture and quantitative EEG were compared between conditions. Blood was sampled before sleep and on the next morning for genotyping and pharmacokinetic analyses. We analysed three candidate genes (OPRM1 [rs1799971, 118 A > G], ABCB1[rs1045642, 3435 C > T] and HTR3B [rs7103572 C > T]). We found that morphine decreased slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep and increased stage 2 sleep. Those effects were less in subjects with HTR3B CT/TT than in those with CC genotype. Similarly, sleep onset latency was shortened in the ABCB1 CC subgroup compared with the CT/TT subgroup. Total sleep time was significantly increased in ABCB1 CC but not in CT/TT subjects. Sleep apnea and plasma morphine and metabolite concentration were not confounding factors for these genetic differences in sleep. With morphine, patients had significantly more active/unstable EEG (lower delta/alpha ratio) during sleep. No genetic effects on quantitative EEG were detected. In summary, we identified two genes (HTR3B and ABCB1) with significant variation in the sleep architecture response to morphine. Morphine caused a more active/unstable EEG during sleep. Our findings may have relevance for a personalized medicine approach to targeted morphine therapy.
Thioredoxin deficiency exacerbates vascular dysfunction during diet‐induced obesity in small mesenteric artery in mice
Authors: Dunn Shannon , Hilgers Robert H. , Das Kumuda C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThioredoxin (Trx) is a small cellular redox protein with established antioxidant and disulfide reductase properties. We hypothesized that Trx deficiency in mice would cause increased oxidative stress with consequent redox imbalance that would exacerbate obesity‐induced vascular dysfunction.MethodsNon‐transgenic (NT, C57BL/6) and dominant‐negative Trx (dnTrx‐Tg, low levels of redox‐active protein) mice were either fed a normal diet (NC) or high fat diet plus sucrose (HFS) diet for 4 months (3‐month HFD+ 1‐month HFS). Weight gain, glucose tolerance test (GTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), and other metabolic parameters were performed following NC or HFS diet. Arterial structural remodeling and functional parameters were assessed by myography.ResultsOur study found that dnTrx mice with lower levels of active Trx exacerbated myogenic tone, inward arterial remodeling, arterial stiffening, phenylephrine‐induced contraction, and endothelial dysfunction of MA. Additionally, FeTMPyP, a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, acutely decreased myogenic tone and contraction and normalized endothelial function in MA from dnTrx‐Tg mice on HFS via increasing nitric oxide (NO)‐mediated relaxation.ConclusionsOur results indicate that deficiency of active Trx exacerbates MA contractile and relaxing properties during diet‐induced obesity demonstrating that loss of redox balance in obesity is a key mechanism of vascular endothelial dysfunction.
A new telestroke network system in northern area of Okayama prefecture
Authors: Sasaki Ryo , Yamashita Toru , Omote Yoshio , Takemoto Mami , Hishikawa Nozomi , Yunoki Taijun , Kobayashi Kazuki , Sawata Takashi , Sato Yuki , Kubota Junichi , Mizobuchi Masayuki , Hayashi Takashi , Abe Koji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundTelestroke network can provide rapid access to specialized treatment and improves on‐site management of acute stroke patients through the “hub‐and‐spoke” model. In the northern part of Okayama Prefecture, there has been a regional gap of stroke care due to the shortage of stroke specialists and facilities. In addition, due to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), it is required to reduce the unnecessary contact with stroke patients from other hospitals.AimWe organized a novel cost‐free telestroke network with an image and video sharing for neurological diseases in the northern part of Okayama Prefecture to improve the stroke management in the area.MethodWe prepared the tablet device on which Skype® application was installed for each hospital and recruited the patients who visited or hospitalized in the spoke hospitals and were suspected to have some neurological diseases from April 2019 to May 2020. The patient's clinical data were recorded and analyzed.ResultsDuring the study period, 5 patients were recruited including the cases with the initial diagnosis of stroke or brain tumor. Among them, 2 cases were transferred to the hub hospital, 2 cases were transferred to other hospitals, and 1 case was treated on site under specialist's advice.ConclusionThe new telestroke network system may be beneficial for acute stroke management and reducing the unnecessary patient's transfer in the rural area, especially under coexistence with COVID‐19.
Effects of Pergularia tomentosa active fraction on the oogenesis of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria: ovarian biochemical composition, and effects on the ecdysteroid pathway
Authors: Miladi Meriam , Abdellaoui Khemais , Marchal Elisabeth , Lenaerts Cynthia , Ben Hamouda Amel , M'saad Guerfali Meriem , Ben Halima Kamel Monia , Vanden Broeck Jozef 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFractionation of the methanolic extract of Pergularia tomentosa, using column chromatography, resulted in the separation of 10 fractions and only the active one (that gave mortality >70%) was kept and denoted the active fraction (AFPt). Adult female Schistocerca gregaria were treated with two concentrations of AFPt, 0.24% and 0.96%, to investigate the effect on the female reproductive potential. Both concentrations of AFPt significantly increased the duration between adult emergence and first oviposition, as well as affected fecundity and fertility. Furthermore, the effects of AFPt on vitellogenesis and ecdysteroid titres were examined. Biochemical analyses revealed a significant decrease in protein, lipid and carbohydrate contents in ovaries. This study also showed that AFPt induced a significant decrease in the ovarian ecdysteroids levels, as well as the haemolymph ecdysteroid titres. The transcript levels of the ecdysteroid synthesis enzymes Spook and Shadow were significantly decreased when treated with the highest concentration of AFPt, while transcript levels of the ecdysteroid synthesis enzymes Phantom and Disembodied increased significantly in animals treated with AFPt. Treatment with AFPt also resulted in a significantly higher transcript level of both the ecdysone receptor (EcR) and its partner ultraspiracle/retinoid‐X‐receptor (USP/RXR).
How are qualitative methods used in implementation science research? A scoping review protocol
Authors: Hagaman Ashley , Rhodes Elizabeth C. , Nyhan Kate , Katague Marina , Schwartz Anna , Spiegelman Donna 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This systematic scoping review will describe the use of qualitative methods in implementation research in health.

Introduction:
Implementation science is an expanding field of study that investigates the integration of evidence-based practices into real world settings. Qualitative methods are useful for providing an in-depth understanding of implementation strategies and outcomes from the perspectives of stakeholders such as policy makers, health practitioners, and individuals targeted by health interventions. Qualitative research methods are increasingly used in implementation research. A synthesis of the applications of qualitative methods is lacking, although it is critical for understanding how qualitative methods have been used to date and identifying areas for improvement.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will include implementation research studies that collect primary data using one or more qualitative methods, alone or with quantitative methods. Studies must assess implementation research issues in health but will not be restricted by the type of setting, health issue, or country of origin.

Methods:
The search for relevant studies will be restricted to articles published in English from 2006 to the present that are found in 46 prominent medical and public health journals that publish research in implementation science. Multiple reviewers will screen articles to identify those that meet the inclusion criteria. Data extraction will involve a structured and systematic method with categories for descriptive characteristics of studies, health topics, qualitative methods for data collection and analysis, implementation science outcomes and issues explored, and implementation science frameworks applied.
Serious adverse events following lumbar spine mobilization or manipulation and potential associated factors: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Funabashi Martha , French Simon D. , Kranenburg H.A. (Rik) , Hebert Jeffrey J. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The objectives of this review are to describe the serious adverse events reported in the literature following lumbopelvic mobilization and manipulation, and identify patient, provider, and/or treatment factors that may be associated with serious adverse events after these interventions.

Introduction:
Spinal mobilization and manipulation are types of conservative care commonly used to treat people with low back pain and other musculoskeletal conditions of the lumbar spine and pelvis. Although most adverse events following these interventions are benign and transient, serious adverse events have been reported mostly following spinal manipulative therapy. Given the significant impact serious adverse events can have on patients’ lives, identifying factors that may be associated with serious adverse events following spinal mobilization and manipulation of the low back and pelvis would allow for a more specific pre-treatment screening, potentially reducing the occurrence of serious adverse events following these popular interventions and contributing to a safer treatment delivery.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider interventional and observational studies that report serious adverse events following lumbopelvic spinal mobilization or manipulation experienced by people of any age. Examples of serious adverse events include disc herniation, cauda equina syndrome, and vertebral fracture.

Methods:
MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PubMed, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews/Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Index to Chiropractic Literature (ICL) databases will be searched as well as OpenGrey and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts of identified references as well as the full text of identified studies, and extract data following a standardized data extraction form. Data will be summarized, categorized, and a comprehensive narrative summary will be presented.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42019122339
Support for informal carers of older people in the transition to residential aged care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Chow Bill , Camões-Costa Vera 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This review aims to identify support delivered to informal carers of older people making the transition into residential aged care, and to examine which specific outcome measures were used in the evaluation of the support provided.

Introduction:
Little support is provided to informal carers of newly admitted aged care residents, both during the admission process and in the subsequent months. Mapping of the support delivered to informal carers of those admitted to a residential aged care facility is needed.

Inclusion criteria:
We will include any form of support (eg, financial, psychological, social) provided to informal carers of people making the transition to residential aged care, from the time a decision is made to proceed with admission, up to 12 months post-admission.

Methods:
We will search peer-reviewed literature in English from 2000 to the present from key databases (ie, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, JBI Evidence Synthesis, PsycINFO, Embase, and Scopus). Additionally, gray literature will be searched through databases (eg, Google, Google Scholar, BASE, OpenGrey, Grey Literature Report, Informit, MedlinePlus, MedNar, Medscape), government websites, and websites of national organizations that provide support for the care of older people. We will use the JBI approach for search strategy, study selection, and data extraction, and will descriptively map the results using a textual narrative synthesis approach.
Measurement properties of all versions of the Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL) 2.0: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Win Aye Su Su , Thein May Khin , Tun Khin Sanda , Myint Thida Win 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The aim of this review is to critically appraise and summarize the quality of the measurement properties of all versions of the Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL) version 2.0.

Introduction:
The Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale version 2.0 was developed as a comprehensive measure in assessing the quality of life of stroke survivors. The shortened version and cross-culturally translated versions are further developed in different countries. A systematic review will clarify the levels of reliability and validity of all versions.

Inclusion criteria:
The population of interest for this review will include adult stroke survivors of either sex diagnosed with a stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) who have no other comorbidities affecting their quality of life. The SS-QOL version 2.0 will be the specific instrument of interest, and the quality of life of stroke survivors will be the construct of interest in this review. The measures of reliability, validity, and responsiveness will be assessed as outcomes. Only the studies evaluating the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of all versions of the SS-QOL 2.0 will be included in the review.

Methods:
A literature search will be conducted for published studies in MEDLINE and Embase, and unpublished data in Google Scholar and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. After a three-step search strategy, study selection will be done by two reviewers independently. Then, the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology will be applied for assessment of methodological quality, data extraction, and synthesis.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020211727
Aerobic exercise improves postprandial inflammatory and hemostatic markers after a high-fat meal: a randomized crossover study
Authors: Teixeira Bruno Costa , Krüger Renata Lopes , Farinha Juliano Boufleur , Boeno Franccesco Pinto , Macedo Rodrigo Cauduro Oliveira , Fonseca Gabriel Alves , Bandinelli Eliane , Duarte Marta Maria Medeiros Frescura , Reischak-Oliveira Alvaro 
Published: December 2020

Exercise intensity modulates postprandial lipemia. However, its effect on hemostatic and pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in the postprandial state is still unknown. Eleven young males performed a 2-day trial on different conditions: (i) REST: rest for 45 min; (ii) MIE: moderate-intensity exercise; and (iii) HIE: heavy-intensity exercise. Experimental conditions were performed in the evening. On the following morning, blood samples were taken in the fasted state (0 h) and at 1, 3, and 5 h after the consumption of a high-fat meal (HFM). Interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were higher in the HIE vs. MIE trial at 0 and 1 h (p < 0.033) and IL-10 incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was greater in the MIE (p = 0.027) and HIE (p = 0.045) trials vs. REST. Lower levels of anti-coagulation factor VII (FVII) were observed at 1 h in the MIE condition vs. REST (p = 0.043). In comparison with REST, MIE improved hemostatic (FVII) and anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10 iAUC) whereas HIE enhanced IL-10 in the postprandial state. Regardless of the exercise intensity, aerobic exercise mitigates the deleterious consequences of an HFM. Novelty: Prior aerobic exercise at moderate-intensity attenuates next day’s postprandial FVII and IL-10 levels whereas exercise performed at heavy-intensity increases IL-10 levels. Moderate-intensity exercise may be more beneficial to improve hemostatic (FVII) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) responses while heavy-intensity exercise may improve anti-inflammatory (IL-10) levels only.
Implementation of the ATLAS-EXOT-2018-030 analysis in the MadAnalysis 5 framework (W′ boson into a lepton and a neutrino; 139 fb−1)
Authors: Park Kyungmin , Min Ui , Lee Soo Jin , Jun Won 
Published: December 2020

We present the MadAnalysis 5 implementation of the heavily charged gauge boson search to recast the analysis of its decay into one charged lepton and missing transverse momentum. Signal events describing [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]) at [Formula: see text] TeV in the sequential standard model are generated by the MadGraph5_aMC@NLO at leading order. The corresponding signal cross-sections for both electron and muon channels vary from 195 fb to 0.238 fb depending on the pole mass of the [Formula: see text] boson in the range of 2 TeV to 6 TeV. We validate our implementation by comparing the transverse mass distributions of our signal prediction to those of the ATLAS analysis for an integrated luminosity of 139 fb[Formula: see text].
Male residency of Sunda Clouded Leopard Neofelis diardi (Cuvier, 1823) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in a peat swamp forest, Indonesian Borneo
Authors: Pallemaerts Lynn , Adul  , Kulu Ici P. , Jeffers Karen Anne , Macdonald David W. , Cheyne Susan Mary 
Published: December 2020

The Sunda Clouded Leopard Neofelis diardi is the apex predator on the island of Borneo, yet little is known of its ecology. We document the length of residency of male Sunda Clouded Leopards in Central Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. Over 10 years, camera trap data have been obtained in the Sebangau peat swamp forest in a study area of ~ 105km2. We identified 11 individuals (eight males, one female, and two with unknown sex), from 152 notionally independent photographs. On average, males remained in the study area for 39.3 months (SE 8.3), or 3.3 years (SE 0.7), ranging from less than a month of residency up to 71 months. Females were infrequently recorded, possibly as a result of human disturbance and/or high male densities. Our results reveal that even a 10-year dataset is inadequate to answer some basic ecological questions, emphasising the importance of long-term monitoring of this species.
Female Athlete’s Heart
Authors: D’Ascenzi Flavio , Biella Federico , Lemme Erika , Maestrini Viviana , Di Giacinto Barbara , Pelliccia Antonio 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Most of our knowledge on training-induced cardiac remodeling is derived from men, with the paucity of data from women representing an important gap in knowledge. The aim of the study was to define the electrocardiographic and morphological features of female athlete’s heart, with special attention to differences related to sex and sport.

Methods:
Seven hundred twenty Olympic athletes (360 females and 360 age- and sport-matched males, mean age: 23±5 years) were evaluated by clinical, resting, and exercise electrocardiography and echocardiography.

Results:

Anterior T-wave inversion was more common in females than males (
P
<0.05). Left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and LV mass were greater in men (
P
<0.001). Females had smaller absolute but greater indexed LV and right ventricular (RV) dimensions as compared to males. Most women had normal LV geometry (80.8%). A progressive increase in LV/RV dimensions was observed in women from those engaged in skill, power, to mixed and endurance disciplines, with the endurance ones demonstrating the greatest degree of RV dilatation. Women had a peculiar biventricular adaptation, with higher LV/RV (1.41±0.16 versus 1.36±0.15,
P
<0.0001) and lower RV inflow/outflow ratio (
P
<0.001), as compared to men.

Conclusions:
Sex significantly affects cardiac remodeling in athletes, with females presenting a different electrical and structural remodeling. Women maintain a normal LV geometry, with relative larger increase of cavity dimensions compared with men. Type of sport has a relevant impact, with endurance athletes exhibiting the greatest degree of RV and LV dimensional remodeling. The present study confirms the need for a sex-based approach for interpreting the complex features of athlete’s heart in women.