bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population recovery of alien black rats Rattus rattus: A test of reinvasion theory
Authors: Hansen Nicole , Hughes Nelika K. , Byrom Andrea E. , Banks Peter B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractReinvasion of pest animals after incomplete control is a major challenge for invasive species management, yet little is known about the behavioural and demographic categories of reinvaders or the mechanisms that drive population‐level responses to control. To understand the fine‐scale mechanisms of reinvasion, we examined changes in demography, movements and activity patterns of reinvading alien black rats Rattus rattus in the short (4 weeks) and longer term (3 months) following localised experimental pest removal. Using recovery and invasion theory, we tested three hypothesised mechanisms of reinvasion: the ‘in situ effect’, the ‘trickle effect’ and the ‘vacuum effect’. We created space for reinvasion by removing black rats from the core of replicate 1‐ha plots (short‐term experiment) and later by removing animals from the entire plot (longer‐term experiment). Reinvaders were characterised as dispersing juveniles, floaters or neighbours. Radio‐tracking quantified home range changes for adjacent resident animals (short‐term experiment only). In the short term, there was no net influx of rats after targeted removal. Radio‐tracked residents’ movements were highly variable and displayed no directional changes after nearby conspecifics were removed. However, in the longer term, removal led to slow population recovery through a mix of reinvading floaters, dispersing juveniles and shifting residents. These responses best support a hypothesis of reinvasion through a trickle effect, with rats being extremely mobile and having a high degree of population turnover, even in untreated sites. Our findings provide the first test of reinvasion theory at a small scale, demonstrating the importance of understanding the differing categories of reinvaders and mechanisms of reinvasion after population control. These mechanisms drive the rate of population recovery and, in turn, should help determine which strategy of pest control should be used, and the frequency with which they are implemented, in order to slow the recovery of pest populations.
Challenges of delivering evidence‐based stroke services for rural areas in Australia
Authors: Prior Sarah Jane , Reeves Nicole S. , Campbell Steven J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this paper was to use current stroke care guidelines to identify and discuss current stroke care challenges in rural Australian health care and potential solutions for delivery of evidence‐based practice.Design and settingA review of national guidelines since 2002 for organised stroke care was undertaken to determine best practice for delivering primary stroke care. We then employed a narrative literature review strategy looking at relevant articles, based on keywords, outlining current stroke service availability in Australia, highlighting the challenges of implementing evidence‐based stroke care in rural areas in Australia based on the current guidelines.ResultsDelivery of evidence‐based stroke care in rural Australia is fraught with challenges. Although national best‐practice guidelines for stroke care are well established, the recommendations made in these guidelines do not always reflect the resource availability in rural Australia. Redesigning processes and utilising available resources, such as telemedicine or local clinical pathways, can achieve an evidence‐based standard; however, ultimately better resourcing of these areas is required.ConclusionEvidence‐based stroke care, aligned with current national standards is the key to providing adequate stroke services in rural Australia. Improved health service resourcing and better utilisation of currently available resources are options for achieving elements of evidence‐based stroke care.Implications for public healthAvailability of adequate services for stroke patients directly impacts public health as it determines health outcomes for these patients. Indirect implications for public health include the effects on health professionals and the general public.
Silica‐related diseases in the modern world
Authors: Hoy Ryan F. , Chambers Daniel C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSilicosis is an ancient and potentially fatal pneumoconiosis caused by exposure to respirable crystalline silica. Silicosis is historically a disease of miners; however, failure to recognize and control the risk associated with silica exposure in contemporary work practices such as sandblasting denim jeans and manufacturing of artificial stone benchtops has led to re‐emergence of silicosis around the world. This review outlines the mineralogy, epidemiology, clinical and radiological features of the various forms of silicosis and other silica‐associated diseases. Perspective is provided on the most recent studies shedding light on pathogenesis, including the central role of innate immune effector cells and subsequent inflammatory cascades in propagating pulmonary fibrosis and the extrapulmonary manifestations, which uniquely characterize this pneumoconiosis. Clinical conundrums in differential diagnosis, particularly between silicosis and sarcoidosis, are highlighted, as is the importance of obtaining a careful occupational history in the patient presenting with pulmonary infiltrates and/or fibrosis. While silicosis is a completely preventable disease, unfortunately workers around the world continue to be affected and experience progressive or even fatal disease. Although no treatments have been proven, opportunities to intervene to prevent progressive disease, founded in a thorough cellular and molecular understanding of the immunopathology of silicosis, are highlighted.
Epidemiology of severe paediatric trauma following winter sport accidents
Authors: Maisonneuve Emilien , Roumeliotis Nadia , Basso Amélie , Venchiarutti Damien , Vallot Cécile , Ricard Cécile , Bouzat Pierre , Mortamet Guillaume ,   the Northern French Alp Trauma System TRENAU group
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThis study describes the epidemiology of severe injuries related to winter sports (skiing, snowboarding and sledding) in children and assesses potential preventive actions.MethodsA single‐centre retrospective study performed at Pediatric or Adult Intensive Care Unit in the French Alps. All patients less than 15 years old, admitted to the Intensive Care Unit following a skiing, snowboarding or sledding accident from 2011 to 2018, were included.ResultsWe included 186 patients (mean age 10.6 years and 68% were male); of which 136 (73%), 21 (11%) and 29 (16%) had skiing, snowboarding and sledding accidents, respectively. The average ISS (injury severity score) was 16. The major lesions were head (n = 94 patients, 51%) and intra‐abdominal (n = 56 patients, 30%) injuries. Compared to skiing/snowboarding, sledding accidents affected younger children (7 vs 11 years, P < .001); most of whom did not wear a helmet (89% vs 8%, P < .001). Severity scores were statistically different amongst winter sports (ISS = 16 (IQR 9‐24) for skiing, 9 (IQR 4‐16) for snowboarding and 16 (IQR 13‐20) for sledding accident, P = .02).ConclusionWinter sports can cause severe trauma in children. Sledding accidents affect younger children that may benefit from wearing protective equipment.
Theracurmin inhibits intestinal polyp development in Apc‐mutant mice by inhibiting inflammation‐related factors
Authors: Adachi Saeko , Hamoya Takahiro , Fujii Gen , Narita Takumi , Komiya Masami , Miyamoto Shingo , Kurokawa Yurie , Takahashi Maiko , Takayama Tetsuji , Ishikawa Hideki , Tashiro Kosuke , Mutoh Michihiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Therefore, it is important to establish useful methods for preventing CRC. One prevention strategy involves the use of cancer chemopreventive agents, including functional foods. We focused on the well‐known cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin, which is derived from turmeric. However, curcumin has the disadvantage of being poorly soluble in water due to its high hydrophobicity. To overcome this problem, the formation of submicron particles with surface controlled technology has been applied to curcumin to give it remarkably improved water solubility, and this derived compound is named Theracurmin. To date, the preventive effects of Theracurmin on hereditary intestinal carcinogenesis have not been elucidated. Thus, we used Apc‐mutant mice, a model of familial adenomatous polyposis, to evaluate the effects of Theracurmin. First, we showed that treatment with 10‐20 µM Theracurmin for 24 hours reduced nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) transcriptional activity in human colon cancer DLD‐1 and HCT116 cells. However, treatment with curcumin mixed in water did not change the NF‐κB promoter transcriptional activity. As NF‐κB is a regulator of inflammation‐related factors, we next investigated the downstream targets of NF‐κB: monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and interleukin (IL)‐6. We found that treatment with 500 ppm Theracurmin for 8 weeks inhibited intestinal polyp development and suppressed MCP‐1 and IL‐6 mRNA expression levels in the parts of the intestine with polyps. This report provides a proof of concept for the ongoing Theracurmin human trial (J‐CAP‐C study).
Utility of the INTERMACS profile at the time of assessment for heart transplant
Authors: Friesen Erik Loewen , Foroutan Farid , Krakovsky John , Chih Sharon , Ross Heather , Billia Filio , Rao Vivek , Alba Ana Carolina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Interagency Registry of Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) profiles are associated with mortality in heart failure patients undergoing ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation and heart transplantation (HTx). We assessed the prognostic value of the INTERMACS profile at the time of assessment for HTx or durable VAD implantation as bridge to candidacy (BTC). A total of 503 consecutive patients considered for HTx or VAD between 2006 and 2016 were included. The associations between INTERMACS profile and (a) waitlist mortality or delisting, (b) probability of HTx, and (c) overall mortality or delisting were evaluated using multivariable analysis. Median follow‐up time was 2.9 years (IQR: 0.9‐5.5) during which 184 received VAD, 347 received HTx, and 73 died (27 waitlist, 46 post‐transplant). INTERMACS I‐II profile was associated with higher waitlist mortality or delisting (HR: 3.83, 95% CI: 1.22‐12.03), and this risk was reversed by VAD implantation (HR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03‐0.50). INTERMACS III‐IV profile was associated with a higher probability of HTx (HR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.37‐2.40). INTERMACS profile was not associated with the composite outcome of overall mortality or delisting. These results emphasize the prognostic utility of INTERMACS at time of decision for advanced therapies and its potential value in selecting patients for different interventions.
Spatial patterns of male alcohol‐related mortality in Belarus, Lithuania, Poland and Russia
Authors: Grigoriev Pavel , Jasilionis Domantas , Klüsener Sebastian , Timonin Sergey , Andreev Evgeny , Meslé France , Vallin Jacques 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsEastern Europe is known to suffer from a large burden of alcohol‐related mortality. However, persisting unfavourable conditions at the national level mask variation at the sub‐national level. We aim to explore spatial patterns of cause‐specific mortality across four post‐communist countries: Belarus, Lithuania, Poland and Russia (European part).Design and MethodsWe use official mortality data routinely collected over 1179 districts and cities. The analysis refers to males aged 20–64 years and covers the period 2006–2014. Mortality variation is mainly assessed by means of the standardised mortality ratio. Getis‐Ord Gi* statistic is employed to detect hot and cold spots of alcohol‐related mortality.ResultsAlcohol‐related mortality exhibits a gradient from very high levels in northwestern Russia to low levels in southern Poland. Spatial transitions from higher to lower mortality are not explicitly demarcated by national boundaries. Within these countries, hot spots of alcohol‐related mortality dominate the territories of northwestern and western Russia, eastern and northwestern Belarus, southeastern Lithuania, and eastern and central Poland.Discussion and ConclusionsThe observed mortality gradient is likely associated with the spread of alcohol epidemics from the European part of Russia to the other countries, which appears to have started more than a century ago. Contemporary socioeconomic and demographic factors should be taken into account when developing anti‐alcohol policies. The same is true for the peculiarities of culture, norms, traditions and behavioural patterns observed in specific geographical areas of the four countries. Reducing alcohol‐related harm in the areas identified as hot spots should be prioritised.
Wearable electromyography recordings during daily life activities in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Michelsen Josephine S , Lund Mai C , Alkjær Tine , Finni Taija , Nielsen Jens B , Lorentzen Jakob 
Published: January 2020

AimTo test whether wearable textile electromyography (EMG) recording systems may detect differences in muscle activity levels during daily activities between children with cerebral palsy (CP) and age‐matched typically developing children.MethodWearable textile EMG recording systems were used to obtain leg muscle activity in 10 children with spastic CP (four females, six males; mean age 9y 6mo, standard deviation [SD] 2y 4mo, range: 6–13y; Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] level I and II) and 11 typically developing children (four females, seven males; mean age 9y 9mo, SD 1y 11mo, 7–12y) at rest and while performing seven daily activities.ResultsChildren with CP showed significantly lower absolute EMG levels during maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of muscles on the most affected side as compared to the least affected side and to typically developing children. None of the typically developing children or children with CP showed detectable EMG activity in resting situations. EMG activity relative to MVC was greater in children with CP during walking, jumping, and kicking on the most affected side as compared to the least affected side and to typically developing children.InterpretationWearable textile EMG recording systems may be used to determine differences in muscle activity during daily activities in children with CP. Children with CP showed reduced muscle activity during daily activities compared to their peers, but used a significantly larger part of their maximal voluntary muscle strength to perform these activities.What this paper adds

Wearable textile electromyography (EMG) systems are feasible for measurement of daily muscle activity in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Children with CP showed reduced EMG levels during maximal voluntary contractions.

Neither typically developing children or children with CP showed EMG activity in resting situations.

Children with CP used a larger part of their voluntary muscle strength during daily activities.
Efficacy and tolerability of tirzepatide, a dual glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 12‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study to evaluate different dose‐escalation regimens
Authors: Frias Juan Pablo , Nauck Michael A. , Van Joanna , Benson Charles , Bray Ross , Cui Xuewei , Milicevic Zvonko , Urva Shweta , Haupt Axel , Robins Deborah A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy and tolerability of tirzepatide treatment using three different dose‐escalation regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsIn this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, patients were randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive either once‐weekly subcutaneous tirzepatide or placebo. The tirzepatide dose groups and dose‐escalation regimens were: 12 mg (4 mg weeks 0–3; 8 mg weeks 4–7; 12 mg weeks 8–11), 15 mg‐1 (2.5 mg weeks 0–1; 5 mg weeks 2–3; 10 mg weeks 4–7; 15 mg weeks 8–11) and 15 mg‐2 (2.5 mg weeks 0–3; 7.5 mg weeks 4–7; 15 mg weeks 8–11). The primary objective was to compare tirzepatide with placebo in HbA1c change from baseline at 12 weeks.ResultsOverall, 111 patients were randomized: placebo, 26; tirzepatide 12 mg, 29; tirzepatide 15 mg‐1, 28; tirzepatide 15 mg‐2, 28. The mean age was 57.4 years, HbA1c 8.4% and body mass index 31.9 kg/m2. At week 12, absolute HbA1c change from baseline (SE) was greater in the tirzepatide treatment groups compared with placebo (placebo, +0.2% [0.21]; 12 mg, −1.7% [0.19]; 15 mg‐1, −2.0% [0.20]; 15 mg‐2, −1.8% [0.19]). The incidence of nausea was: placebo, 7.7%; 12 mg group, 24.1%; 15 mg‐1 group, 39.3%; 15 mg‐2 group, 35.7%. Three patients discontinued the treatment because of adverse events, one from each of the placebo, 12 mg and 15 mg‐1 groups.ConclusionsTirzepatide treatment for 12 weeks resulted in clinically significant reductions in HbA1c. This suggests that lower starting doses and smaller dose increments are associated with a more favourable side effect profile.
Biodiversity inventory of the grey mullets (Actinopterygii: Mugilidae) of the Indo‐Australian Archipelago through the iterative use of DNA‐based species delimitation and specimen assignment methods
Authors: Delrieu‐Trottin Erwan , Durand Jean‐Dominique , Limmon Gino , Sukmono Tedjo , Kadarusman  , Sugeha Hagi Yulia , Chen Wei‐Jen , Busson Frédéric , Borsa Philippe , Dahruddin Hadi , Sauri Sopian , Fitriana Yuli , Zein Mochamad Syamsul Arifin , Hocdé Régis , Pouyaud Laurent , Keith Philippe , Wowor Daisy , Steinke Dirk , Hanner Robert , Hubert Nicolas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDNA barcoding opens new perspectives on the way we document biodiversity. Initially proposed to circumvent the limits of morphological characters to assign unknown individuals to known species, DNA barcoding has been used in a wide array of studies where collecting species identity constitutes a crucial step. The assignment of unknowns to knowns assumes that species are already well identified and delineated, making the assignment performed reliable. Here, we used DNA‐based species delimitation and specimen assignment methods iteratively to tackle the inventory of the Indo‐Australian Archipelago grey mullets, a notorious case of taxonomic complexity that requires DNA‐based identification methods considering that traditional morphological identifications are usually not repeatable and sequence mislabeling is common in international sequence repositories. We first revisited a DNA barcode reference library available at the global scale for Mugilidae through different DNA‐based species delimitation methods to produce a robust consensus scheme of species delineation. We then used this curated library to assign unknown specimens collected throughout the Indo‐Australian Archipelago to known species. A second iteration of OTU delimitation and specimen assignment was then performed. We show the benefits of using species delimitation and specimen assignment methods iteratively to improve the accuracy of specimen identification and propose a workflow to do so.
Does the virus cross the road? Viral phylogeographic patterns among bobcat populations reflect a history of urban development
Authors: Kozakiewicz Christopher P. , Burridge Christopher P. , Funk W. Chris , Craft Meggan E. , Crooks Kevin R. , Fisher Robert N. , Fountain‐Jones Nicholas M. , Jennings Megan K. , Kraberger Simona J. , Lee Justin S. , Lyren Lisa M. , Riley Seth P. D. , Serieys Laurel E. K. , VandeWoude Sue , Carver Scott 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUrban development has major impacts on connectivity among wildlife populations and is thus likely an important factor shaping pathogen transmission in wildlife. However, most investigations of wildlife diseases in urban areas focus on prevalence and infection risk rather than potential effects of urbanization on transmission itself. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a directly transmitted retrovirus that infects many felid species and can be used as a model for studying pathogen transmission at landscape scales. We investigated phylogenetic relationships among FIV isolates sampled from five bobcat (Lynx rufus) populations in coastal southern California that appear isolated due to major highways and dense urban development. Divergence dates among FIV phylogenetic lineages in several cases reflected historical urban growth and construction of major highways. We found strong FIV phylogeographic structure among three host populations north‐west of Los Angeles, largely coincident with host genetic structure. In contrast, relatively little FIV phylogeographic structure existed among two genetically distinct host populations south‐east of Los Angeles. Rates of FIV transfer among host populations did not vary significantly, with the lack of phylogenetic structure south‐east of Los Angeles unlikely to reflect frequent contemporary transmission among populations. Our results indicate that major barriers to host gene flow can also act as barriers to pathogen spread, suggesting potentially reduced susceptibility of fragmented populations to novel directly transmitted pathogens. Infrequent exchange of FIV among host populations suggests that populations would best be managed as distinct units in the event of a severe disease outbreak. Phylogeographic inference of pathogen transmission is useful for estimating the ability of geographic barriers to constrain disease spread and can provide insights into contemporary and historical drivers of host population connectivity.
Electrodeposition of fluorohydroxyapatite gradient coating on titanium alloy
Authors: Zhu Qing‐xia , Han Wei‐wei , Wen Shao‐zhen , Shi Ying‐ying , Geng Hong‐zhang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn order to obtain the apatite implants which can meet the requirements for both bonding strength and bioactivity, the FHA(Ca10(PO4)6OH2−xFx(x = 0 ~ 2)) gradient coating was prepared by electrophoretic deposition on the surface of titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V). The effects of fluorine substitution and gradient structure on the morphology, bonding strength, and bioactivity of the coating were investigated. The gradient coating has the dense inner layer and porous outer layer that were deposited by controlling the suspension concentration and the preparation process. Through controlling of the fluorine substitution gradient, the thermal expansion coefficient gradually changed to improve the bonding strength more than 30 Mpa. The inner layer with high fluorine content can improve the thermal stability of the coating and bonding strength between the coating and the substrate, while the proper content of fluorine in the outer layer improves the bioactivity of the gradient coating.