bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Is the Prevalence of Measles Immunity among Pregnant Women?
Authors: Chu Lam Melissa T. , Schmidt-Beuchat Emily , Geduldig Emma , Brustman Lois E. , Choi Katie Hyewon , Overbey Jessica R. , Woods Krystina L. , Al-Ibraheemi Zainab 
Published: July 2020

Objective This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of measles immunity in a cohort of pregnant women in New York City and determine if there is a positive correlation of measles immunity with patient demographics, rubella immunity, number of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) doses received, and age at last vaccination.
Study Design This is a cross-sectional study of pregnant patients seen at a single institution from January 2019 to May 2019. Patients were classified as measles and rubella immune or nonimmune using commercial immunoglobulin G (IgG) tests. Patient characteristics were compared using t-tests, Chi-square tests, or Fisher's exact tests as appropriate. The association of age at last vaccination with immunity status was assessed using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age at presentation. The utility of rubella IgG for distinguishing measles immunity was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.
Results Serologic immunity for measles and rubella was obtained for 1,366 patients. Of these, 1,047 (77%) were measles immune and 1,291 (95%) were rubella immune. Patients born after 1989 were less likely to be immune to measles, while multiparity and private insurance were associated with increased measles immunity. Documentation of MMR vaccination was available for 140 (10%) patients. Of these, 44 (31%) were serologically nonimmune to measles and 9 (6.4%) were nonimmune to rubella. In patients known to have received one dose of MMR, 62% (24/39) were immune to measles with an improvement to 72% (69/96) among those who received two or more doses. Age at last vaccination was not associated with measles immunity. Rubella IgG level was a poor predictor of positive measles titer (area under the curve = 0.59).
Conclusion Approximately one of every four pregnant patients is serologically measles nonimmune, even among women with documented MMR vaccination or documented rubella immunity. These findings raise concerns that relying on vaccination history or rubella immune status may not be sufficient to assure protection from infection with measles. If further suggests that measles serology should be added to routine prenatal laboratory testing to identify nonimmune patients that may benefit from postpartum vaccination.
Key Points
Maternal Outcomes of Ongoing Pregnancies Complicated by Fetal Life-Limiting Conditions
Authors: Coney Talia , Russell Rachel , Leuthner Steven R. , Palatnik Anna 
Published: July 2020

Objective This study aimed to examine maternal outcomes of ongoing pregnancies complicated by fetal life-limiting conditions.Study design This was a retrospective matched cohort study of women with a diagnosis of fetal life-limiting condition between 2010 and 2018 in a single academic center. Cases were matched to controls (women who had normal fetal anatomic survey) according to year of delivery, body mass index, and parity in a 1:4 ratio. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed to compare the prevalence of the primary composite outcome, which included any one of the following: preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean delivery, third and fourth degree laceration, postpartum hemorrhage, blood transfusion, endometritis or wound infection, maternal intensive care unit admission, hysterectomy and maternal death, between cases and controls.Results During the study period, we found 101 cases that met inclusion criteria, matched to 404 controls. The rate of the composite maternal outcome did not differ between the two groups (39.6 vs. 38.9%, p = 0.948). For individual outcomes, women with diagnosis of fetal life-limiting condition had higher rates of blood transfusion (2.0 vs. 0%, p = 0.005) and longer length of the first stage of labor (median of 12 [6.8–22.0] hours vs. 6.6 [3.9–11.0] hours; p < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis, first stage of labor continued to be longer by an average of 6.48 hours among women with a diagnosis of fetal life-limiting condition compared with controls.Conclusion After controlling for confounding factors, except a longer first stage of labor, women diagnosed with fetal life-limiting conditions who continued the pregnancy did not have a higher rate of adverse maternal outcomes.Key Points
The dual nature of the dead-water phenomenology: Nansen versus Ekman wave-making drags
Authors: Fourdrinoy Johan , Dambrine Julien , Petcu Madalina , Pierre Morgan , Rousseaux Germain 
Published: July 2020

Significance
A ship evolving in a stratified fluid is sometimes slowed down in comparison to a homogeneous case. This dead-water phenomenon was reported by the Norwegian explorer Fridtjöf Nansen during his North polar expedition in 1893. The physicist and oceanographer Vagn Walfrid Ekman was the first to study in the laboratory the physical origin of dead-water phenomenon in 1904: at the interface between saline water and freshwater, internal gravity waves appear, propagate, and generate a wave-making drag. Here we show that the velocity oscillations of pulled ships models à la Ekman caught in dead water are due to a transient internal dispersive undulating depression produced during the initial acceleration of the ship that we predict with a linear analytical model.
Discovery of potent thrombin inhibitors from a protease-focused DNA-encoded chemical library
Authors: Dawadi Surendra , Simmons Nicholas , Miklossy Gabriella , Bohren Kurt M. , Faver John C. , Ucisik Melek Nihan , Nyshadham Pranavanand , Yu Zhifeng , Matzuk Martin M. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
To rapidly identify small-molecule lead compounds to target healthcare-associated proteases, we constructed a unique 9.8-million-membered protease-focused DNA-encoded chemical library. Affinity selection of this library with a healthcare-relevant protease (i.e., thrombin, a key protein necessary for blood coagulation) revealed potent inhibitors in the first screening attempt. Our results emphasize the utility of a structurally focused DNA-encoded chemical library approach to rapidly uncover hits for healthcare targets (e.g., proteases) where no drug exists (e.g., male contraception) and for emerging diseases (e.g., coronavirus disease 2019).
Denominal verb formationin English and Modern Greek
Authors: Koutsoukos Nikos 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCross-linguistically, there are different patterns for denominal verb formation and languages show preferences for certain patterns (cf.McIntyre, 2015). In this paper, I focus on denominal verb formation in English and Modern Greek. The analyzed data come from the TenTen corpora (Sketch Engine,Kilgariffet al., 2014). The first aim is to quantify the use of the patterns of denominal verb formations in both languages. The results of the analysis corroborate the findings of previous analyses, such as the strong preference for conversion for denominal verb formation in English and for suffixation in Modern Greek. However, the present paper aims to go a step further. The second aim is to discuss why English and Modern Greek show these preferences. I propose that the preferences can be explained if we correlate the parameters of inflectional marking, word order/configurationality, system of lexical category assignment and boundary permeability.
Homescape
Authors: Boivin Nettie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article presents the redefined concept of the homescape as space where transnational, newly
arrived, and settled families can provide agency for their identity framing through multisensory discourse resources. The study
investigated the experiential, non-interactional multisensory discourse resources in the homescape. The homescape extends from the
Linguistic Landscape and houses temporal and spatial components, which occur over time. The yearlong ethnographic case study of
three Nepalese families (two transmigrant Ghurkha families and one immigrant family) included 150 hours of observational data
triangulated with qualitative interviews. The study posed two questions: How do transmigrant and transnational families find
capacity for agency in the homescape? How do families use experiential multisensory discourse resources embedded in homescape to
facilitate identity framing? Findings highlighted that experiential multisensory discourse resources are threads of identity in
the home that have yet to be fully recognized as research evidence by ethnographers in the home context.
Impact of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Pharmacist During Microbiology Rounds
Authors: Sapozhnikov Julia , Huang Angela , Revolinski Sara , Ledeboer Nathan A , Buchan Blake W 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study is to describe and evaluate the impact of the participation of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) pharmacist in microbiology rounds at our institution.

Methods
This single-center retrospective descriptive study included inpatient and ambulatory adults (≥18 years) with a susceptibility request reviewed during microbiology rounds between October 2018 and March 2019. In October 2018, multidisciplinary telephone microbiology rounds were initiated with the medical directors of the clinical microbiology laboratory and ASP pharmacist to review susceptibility requests. Numbers and types of interventions made by an ASP pharmacist and potential benefits were recorded and analyzed.

Results
Sixty-seven susceptibility requests were reviewed by an ASP pharmacist, of which 83.6% were inpatient. An ASP pharmacist completed chart reviews for 92.5% of requests and contacted the requester or primary team 74.6% of the time. About half (47.8%) of susceptibility requests were approved, and only 65.2% of requests from an infectious diseases provider were approved (P = .039). The most frequent potential benefits of the intervention included preventing unnecessary susceptibility testing (47.8%), improving clinician understanding (40.3%), and preventing treatment of a culture result deemed as a contaminant (19.4%).

Conclusions
ASP pharmacists are uniquely accessible and able to assist with preventing unnecessary susceptibility testing, optimizing antimicrobial therapy, and providing education to other health care professionals.
Understanding the COVID-19 Pandemic Through the Lens of Population Health Science
Authors: Galea Sandro , Keyes Katherine 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In a few devastating short months in 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic changed global mobility and interaction in ways that were unimaginable to much of the world’s population as recently as in 2019. More than 10 million people have, at this writing, been infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) globally, and more than 850,000 have died of COVID-19. As our science progresses, it is becoming possible to apply the principles of population health science to help us better understand the pandemic. What does a formal approach to population health science teach us about COVID-19? Building on our previously published work about the foundations of population health, we offer a few observations—a first draft of population health science thinking—as it intersects with the COVID-19 pandemic. Of note, our collective understanding of the pathology and causes of COVID-19 are rapidly changing by the day, and thus we fully expect that this work will evolve and improve as science progresses.
Large-scale benchmark study of survival prediction methods using multi-omics data
Authors: Herrmann Moritz , Probst Philipp , Hornung Roman , Jurinovic Vindi , Boulesteix Anne-Laure 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMulti-omics data, that is, datasets containing different types of high-dimensional molecular variables, are increasingly often generated for the investigation of various diseases. Nevertheless, questions remain regarding the usefulness of multi-omics data for the prediction of disease outcomes such as survival time. It is also unclear which methods are most appropriate to derive such prediction models. We aim to give some answers to these questions through a large-scale benchmark study using real data. Different prediction methods from machine learning and statistics were applied on 18 multi-omics cancer datasets (35 to 1000 observations, up to 100 000 variables) from the database ‘The Cancer Genome Atlas’ (TCGA). The considered outcome was the (censored) survival time. Eleven methods based on boosting, penalized regression and random forest were compared, comprising both methods that do and that do not take the group structure of the omics variables into account. The Kaplan–Meier estimate and a Cox model using only clinical variables were used as reference methods. The methods were compared using several repetitions of 5-fold cross-validation. Uno’s C-index and the integrated Brier score served as performance metrics. The results indicate that methods taking into account the multi-omics structure have a slightly better prediction performance. Taking this structure into account can protect the predictive information in low-dimensional groups—especially clinical variables—from not being exploited during prediction. Moreover, only the block forest method outperformed the Cox model on average, and only slightly. This indicates, as a by-product of our study, that in the considered TCGA studies the utility of multi-omics data for prediction purposes was limited. Contact: moritz.herrmann@stat.uni-muenchen.de, +49 89 2180 3198 Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Briefings in Bioinformatics online. All analyses are reproducible using R code freely available on Github.
RNA-binding protein recognition based on multi-view deep feature and multi-label learning
Authors: Yang Haitao , Deng Zhaohong , Pan Xiaoyong , Shen Hong-Bin , Choi Kup-Sze , Wang Lei , Wang Shitong , Wu Jing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRNA-binding protein (RBP) is a class of proteins that bind to and accompany RNAs in regulating biological processes. An RBP may have multiple target RNAs, and its aberrant expression can cause multiple diseases. Methods have been designed to predict whether a specific RBP can bind to an RNA and the position of the binding site using binary classification model. However, most of the existing methods do not take into account the binding similarity and correlation between different RBPs. While methods employing multiple labels and Long Short Term Memory Network (LSTM) are proposed to consider binding similarity between different RBPs, the accuracy remains low due to insufficient feature learning and multi-label learning on RNA sequences. In response to this challenge, the concept of RNA-RBP Binding Network (RRBN) is proposed in this paper to provide theoretical support for multi-label learning to identify RBPs that can bind to RNAs. It is experimentally shown that the RRBN information can significantly improve the prediction of unknown RNA−RBP interactions. To further improve the prediction accuracy, we present the novel computational method iDeepMV which integrates multi-view deep learning technology under the multi-label learning framework. iDeepMV first extracts data from the views of amino acid sequence and dipeptide component based on the RNA sequences as the original view. Deep neural network models are then designed for the respective views to perform deep feature learning. The extracted deep features are fed into multi-label classifiers which are trained with the RNA−RBP interaction information for the three views. Finally, a voting mechanism is designed to make comprehensive decision on the results of the multi-label classifiers. Our experimental results show that the prediction performance of iDeepMV, which combines multi-view deep feature learning models with RNA−RBP interaction information, is significantly better than that of the state-of-the-art methods. iDeepMV is freely available at http://www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/iDeepMV for academic use. The code is freely available at http://github.com/uchihayht/iDeepMV.
Clinical Experience of Implementing Oral Versus Intravenous Antibiotics (OVIVA) in a Specialist Orthopedic Hospital
Authors: Azamgarhi Tariq , Shah Ashik , Warren Simon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
The Oral Versus Intravenous Antibiotics (OVIVA) Trial demonstrated that oral therapy, when used during the initial 6 weeks in the treatment in bone and joint infection (BJI), is noninferior to intravenous therapy. To date there are no reports describing reproducibility of these findings in a real-world setting.

Methods
We studied all patients diagnosed with BJI at our hospital 12 months pre- and postimplementation of the OVIVA trial findings into clinical practice. An infection consultant recommended antibiotic treatment and patients were followed up by an outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) service. Prospective data from a local registry was used to analyze baseline clinical details, outcome, length of hospital stay (LOS), and costs.

Results
A cohort of 328 patients (145 pre- and 183 postimplementation) was analyzed. Postimplementation, 66.1% of patients were switched to a suitable oral antibiotic regimen. Definite failure at 1 year was 13.6% in the preimplementation group and 18.6% in the postimplementation group (P = .154). Postimplementation, definite failure was more common in patients requiring intravenous antibiotics due to lack of suitable oral options (intravenous, 26.7% and oral, 14.3%). Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) requiring closer monitoring or change to treatment were more common postimplementation (21.0% and 37.1%, respectively). ADR-related hospital readmissions were similar in both groups (2.1 and 2.2%). Comparing both groups, the postimplementation group showed a reduction of 4 days in the median LOS and a median cost reduction of £2764.28 per patient.

Conclusions
The OVIVA trial findings can be safely implemented into clinical practice when patients on oral antibiotics are followed up by an established OPAT service. Two-thirds of patients were switched to a suitable oral antibiotic regimen. Implementation led to reductions in hospital LOS and antibiotic costs.
A New Multilateralism? A Case Study of the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Zhou Jingyuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The first five years (the first stage) of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) have drawn international attention and provoked scepticism and debate. This article explores questions about the nature of the BRI and its impact on multilateralism, which is increasingly fragile and under attack. After summarizing past practices employed in BRI investments, it analyses the characteristics of the BRI and assesses the results and implications. This article studies in depth one of the two primary BRI economic activities—special economic zones. The article introduces and compares the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and Chinese domestic banks in their respective financing practices and compares state-owned enterprises and privately owned enterprises in BRI practices. The article observes three characteristics from past BRI practices and analyzes their respective implications on the transformation of international trade governance. The first characteristic is the unconventional ‘infrastructure development first, institution next’ approach. The second is the plurilateral- and multilateral-focused method in international rule-setting processes. The third characteristic is innovation in the dispute settlement mechanism. Through a cautious examination, the article argues that experiences gained from BRI inform China’s international rule-making efforts and further its domestic trade liberalization reform agenda, which will likely contribute to the convergence of rule-making in international trade.
Preventive strategies for acute kidney injury in cancer patients
Authors: Cosmai Laura , Porta Camillo , Foramitti Marina , Perrone Valentina , Mollica Ludovica , Gallieni Maurizio , Capasso Giovambattista 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of cancer that occurs in up to 50% of neoplastic patients during the natural history of their disease; furthermore, it has a huge impact on key outcomes such as overall prognosis, length of hospitalization and costs. AKI in cancer patients has different causes, either patient-, tumour- or treatment-related. Patient-related risk factors for AKI are the same as in the general population, whereas tumour-related risk factors are represented by compression, obstruction, direct kidney infiltration from the tumour as well by precipitation, aggregation, crystallization or misfolding of paraprotein (as in the case of multiple myeloma). Finally, treatment-related risk factors are the most common observed in clinical practice and may present also with the feature of tumour lysis syndrome or thrombotic microangiopathies. In the absence of validated biomarkers, a multidisciplinary clinical approach that incorporates adequate assessment, use of appropriate preventive measures and early intervention is essential to reduce the incidence of this life-threatening condition in cancer patients.
Protected by dragons: Density surface modeling confirms large population of the critically endangered Yellow-crested Cockatoo on Komodo Island
Authors: Reuleaux Anna , Siregar Benny A , Collar Nigel J , Panggur Maria R , Mardiastuti Ani , Jones Martin J , Marsden Stuart J 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntense trapping of the critically endangered Yellow-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) for the international pet trade has devastated its populations across Indonesia such that populations of &gt;100 individuals remain at only a handful of sites. We combined distance sampling with density surface modeling (DSM) to predict local densities and estimate total population size for one of these areas, Komodo Island, part of Komodo National Park (KNP) in Indonesia. We modeled local density based on topography (topographic wetness index) and habitat types (percentage of palm savanna and deciduous monsoon forest). Our population estimate of 1,113 (95% CI: 587–2,109) individuals on Komodo Island was considerably larger than previous conservative estimates. Our density surface maps showed cockatoos to be absent over much of the island, but present at high densities in wooded valleys. Coincidence between our DSM and a set of independent cockatoo observations was high (93%). Standardized annual counts by KNP staff in selected areas of the island showed increases in cockatoo records from &lt;400 in 2011 to ~650 in 2017. Taken together, our results indicate that KNP, alongside and indeed because of preserving its iconic Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis), is succeeding in protecting a significant population of Indonesia’s rarest cockatoo species. To our knowledge this is the first time DSM has been applied to a critically endangered species. Our findings highlight the potential of DSM for locating abundance hotspots, identifying habitat associations, and estimating global population size in a range of threatened taxa, especially if independent datasets can be used to validate model predictions.