bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Impedance Method for Predicting the Potential Shelf Life of Packaged Pasteurized Milk
Authors: Zhiyong Li , Minying Yi , Jianting Gao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The potential shelf life of packaged pasteurized milk was studied using a rapid impedance method. The results showed a high correlation between the shelf life of Fengxing and Xiang Man-lou pasteurized milks and between the detection time and the logarithm of colony-forming units per milliliter. The impedance detection time was measured after preliminary incubation at 30°C for 6 h for 100 and 200 μL milk samples, or at 37°C for 6 h for 100–400 μL milk samples for Fengxing pasteurized milk, and after 6 h preliminary incubation at 30°C for 300 and 400 μL milk samples or6hat37°C for 100–400 μL milk samples for Xiang Man-lou pasteurized milk. Regressive equations were then constructed to predict the potential shelf life. Compared with the traditional method, the impedance method plus pre-incubation of milk at elevated temperatures (30 and 37°C) was rapid, accurate, and convenient. The entire estimation process was completed within 11–14 and 14–20 h for Fengxing and Xiang Man-lou pasteurized milks, respectively.
Evaluation of the BAX® System for Detection of Salmonella in Selected Foods: Collaborative Study
Authors: Silbernagel Karen , Jechorek Robert , Carver Charles , Barbour W Mark , Mrozinski Peter ,   Collaborators:, Albert A , Andaloro B , Anderson G , Beacorn F , Brooks R , Carson M , Crossfield D , Eliasberg S , Farmer D , Frantzeskakis C , Gasses T , Gatesy T , Hall G , Hanson P , Heddaeus K , Hermann K , Hutchins J , Jenkins J , Johnson F , Johnson J , Kawalek M , Kelly L , Koschmann C , Lannon P , Lester D , Manner K , Martin J , Maselli M , McGovern B , Mohnke F , Moon B , Murray L , Pace R , Richards J , Robeson S , Rodgers D , Rosario G , Saunders C , Shaw C , Dana Shell J , Sloan E , Thompson S , Vialpando M , Voermans R , Watts K , Wieczorek K , Wilson K , Yeh H , Zamora D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A multilaboratory study was conducted to compare the automated BAX® System to the standard cultural methods for detection of Salmonella in selected foods. Five food types—frankfurters, raw ground beef, mozzarella cheese, raw frozen tilapia fish, and orange juice—at 3 inoculation levels, were analyzed by each method. A sixth food type, raw ground chicken, was tested using 3 naturally contaminated lots. A total of 16 laboratories representing government and industry participated. In this study, 1386 samples were analyzed, of which 1188 were paired samples and 198 were unpaired samples. Of the 1188 paired samples, 461 were positive by both methods and 404 were negative by both methods. Thirty-seven samples were positive by the BAX System but negative by the standard reference method, and 11 samples were positive by standard cultural method and negative by the BAX System. Of the 198 unpaired samples, 106 were positive by the BAX System and 60 were positive by the standard cultural method. A Chi square analysis of each of the 6 food types, at the 3 inoculation levels tested, was performed. For all foods, the BAX System demonstrated results comparable to those of the standard reference methods based on the Chi square results.
Determination of Orotic Acid, Uric Acid, and Creatinine in Milk by Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Indy Harvey E , Woollar David C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simultaneous determination of orotic acid, uric acid, and creatinine in milk is described. Following deproteinization, the sample was analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography, using a highly aqueous cationic ion-pair eluent and photodiode array UV detection. In view of their potential dietary significance, the validated method was applied to survey the influence of species, season, and lactation on their contribution to the nonprotein nitrogen pool in milk. Mature bovine milk contained orotic acid, uric acid, and creatinine in the range of 30–70, 9–24, and 6–12 μg/mL, respectively. Although uric acid and creatinine were present in all milks, orotic acid was essentially absent in nonruminant milks. In contrast to urate and creatinine, expression of orotic acid in bovine milk was strongly dependent on stage of early lactation. The co-existence in mammalian milks of related nucleoside and nucleotide components was also determined.
Direct Determination of Free Methionine in Soy-Based Infant Formula
Authors: Johns Paul , Phillips Rosalyn , Dowlat Lobat 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method was developed for the direct determination of free methionine in soy-based infant formula, with analyte separation and quantitation by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC), and UV absorbance at 214 nm, respectively. Sample preparation required only dilution with mobile phase and syringe filtration. Using a 0.02M KH 2 PO 4 mobile phase (pH adjusted to 2.9 with 85% o-phosphoric acid) and 0.7 mL/min flow rate, methionine eluted at approximately 8 min, and total run time was 14 min after column regeneration with acetonitrile–water. System linearity was demonstrated as peak area versus analyte concentration, ranging from 80 to 120% of the formula specification for free methionine (r &gt; 0.999, and all residuals &lt;0.45%). Intermediate precision relative standard deviation values were &lt;1.5% for ready-to-feed and reconstituted powder samples, and recoveries ranged from 98.0 to 103.5% for inter-method comparison with an amino acid analyzer method. The limit of quantitation was 3 mg methionine/L in the “as fed” infant formula. Despite the relatively weak UV absorptivity of methionine, the 214 nm signal was sufficiently intense in the 30–65 mg/L (201–436 μM) range to afford quantitation by peak area proportionation versus a 2-point external standard calibration. This direct UV detection after reversed-phase LC separation provides a simple and accurate method for determining free methionine without derivatization.
Determination of Clenbuterol, Salbutamol, and Cimaterol in Bovine Retina by Electrospray Ionization–Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lau Joseph H W , Khoo Cheang S , Murby John E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An electrospray ionization–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/LC/MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the β-agonists clenbuterol, salbutamol, and cimaterol in bovine retina. The tissue was homogenized in alkaline buffer and spiked to give 10, 15, and 20 ng/g each of the 3 analytes together with the internal standards d6-salbutamol and d6-clenbuterol. The mixture was incubated with protease enzyme to release any protein-bound analytes and then made alkaline before extraction with isobutanol. The extract was dissolved in water and transferred to a clenbuterol immunoaffinity column. After washing, the analytes were eluted and analyzed by ESI/LC/MS/MS using a C18 column with acetic acid–methanol as mobile phase. No interferences were observed from the spiked retina extract at the various single-reaction monitoring modes. Average recoveries for clenbuterol, salbutamol, and cimaterol were 94, 85, and 87% with coefficients of variation (CVs) of 9.4, 9.9, and 8.6%, respectively. A correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.9999 was obtained for all analytes. The limits of detection for clenbuterol, salbutamol, and cimaterol, determined from 3 times the standard deviation of 7 replicates of the lowest spike, were 2.5, 3.5, and 2.0 ng/g with CVs of 8.9, 11.6, and 7.2%, respectively.
Evaluation of Analyte Stability and Method Ruggedness in the Determination of Streptomycin Residues in Honey by Liquid Chromatography with Post-Column Derivatization
Authors: Pang Guo-Fang , Zhang Jin-Jie , Cao Yan-Zhong , Fan Chun-Lin , Lin Xue-Min , InlI Zeng-Y , Jia Guo-Qun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study demonstrated that streptomycin in honey is quite stable, and the results showed no obvious differences for 3 samples containing incurred analyte during continuous testing for 4 months. Fifteen laboratories evaluated method performance at 4 fortification levels ranging from 0.010 to 0.100 mg/kg; the recoveries ranged from 73.7 to 78.5%, the reproducibility relative standard deviations ranged from 5.76 to 15.85%, and the repeatability relative standard deviations ranged from 1.64 to 3.80%. In 1999–2002, the method was used to determine streptomycin residues in 5106 lots of honey samples from &gt;20 provinces all over China. All of the honey samples were found to be in conformity with the requirements of customs clearance for exports to Europe, the United States, and Japan. The continuous 4-year quality analysis also found that C18 solid-phase extraction cartridges should be standardized to ensure that the analytical results are accurate when different lots of cartridges are used.
Validation of Three Rapid Screening Methods for Detection of Verotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Foods: Interlaboratory Study
Authors: Capps Katherine L , McLaughlin Emiline M , Murray Alistair W A , Aldus Clare F , Wyatt Gary M , Peck Michael W , Van Amerongen Aart , Ariëns Renata M C , Wichers Jan H , Baylis Christopher L , Wareing David R A , Bolton Frederick J ,   Collaborators:, Aird H , Allen R , Anderson P , Boughtflower M , Chen Q , Davies A , Dennis J , Gibson S J , Green R A , Hilton J , Jorgensen F , Leuschner R , Loder C , Mackey B , Meldrum R , Millar I , Reid T , Robinson A J , Robinson; I , Smith H , Surman S , Vickers D , Wood M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An interlaboratory study was conducted for the validation of 3 methods for the detection of all verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) in foods. The methods were a multi-analyte 1-step lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for detection of E. coli O157 and verotoxin (VT); an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay targeted against VT1, VT2, and VT2c (VT-ELISA); and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for detection of VT genes (VT-PCR). Aliquots (25 g or 25 mL) of 4 food types (raw minced [ground] beef, unpasteurized milk, unpasteurized apple juice [cider], and salami) were individually inoculated with low numbers (&lt;9 to 375 cells/25 g) of 6 test strains of E. coli (serogroups O26, O103, O111, O145, and O157) with differing VT-producing capabilities. Five replicates for each test strain and 5 uninoculated samples were prepared for each food type. Fourteen participating laboratories analyzed samples using the LFIA, 9 analyzed the samples by ELISA, and 9 by PCR. The LFIA for O157 and VT had a specificity (correct identification of negative samples) of 92 and 94%, respectively, and a sensitivity (correct identification of positive samples) of 94 and 55%, respectively. The VT-ELISA and VT-PCR
Multicomponent Quantitative Resolution of Binary Mixtures by Using Continuous Wavelet Transform
Authors: Dinç Erdal , Baleanu Dumitru 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Continuous 1-dimensional wavelet transform (WT) was applied to the quantitative analysis of a vitamin combination of thiamine hydrochloride (THI) and pyridoxine hydrochloride (PYR) with strongly overlapping signals. Absorbance data from the UV-Vis absorption spectrum of width 1150 were subjected to Gauss1 and Gauss2 WTs. Because of its flexibility, data processing, and its high signal amplitude, the continuous WT method is a powerful tool for analysis of multicomponent mixtures. By measuring the amplitude signals corresponding to the selected zero-crossing points of the transformed signal, we obtained the calibration curve. The validation of the calibration graphs was confirmed with different mixtures of THI and PYR at various concentration ratios. A brief explanation of the continuous wavelet method is given. MATLAB 6.5 software was used to perform the calculations. The results of our study were compared with those obtained by spectroscopic, chemometric, and liquid chromatographic methods, and good agreement was found.
Evaluation of VIDAS® Immuno-Concentration Salmonella (ICS) Plus Selective Plate Method (Hektoen Enteric, Bismuth Sulfite, Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate) for Detection of Salmonella in Selected Foods (Method Modification 2001.08): Collaborative Study
Authors: McMahon Wendy A , Johnson Ronald L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new method for detection of Salmonella in foods in 48 h has been granted AOAC First Action approval in selected foods (Official Method 2001.08) using both the VIDAS Immuno-Concentration Salmonella (ICS) method and a combination of 3 selective plates: Hektoen enteric (HE), bismuth sulfite (BS), and xylose lysine desoxycholate (XLD).
Evaluation of VIDAS® Immuno-Concentration Salmonella (ICS)/VIDAS Salmonella (SLM) Immunoassay Method for Detection of Salmonella in Selected Foods (Method Modification 2001.09): Collaborative Study
Authors: McMahon Wendy A , Schultz Ann M , Johnson Ronald L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new method for detection of Salmonella in foods in a minimum of 24 h was adopted as an AOAC Official First Action Method for selected foods (2001.09) using both the VIDAS Immuno-Concentration Salmonella (ICS) and VIDAS Salmonella (SLM) methods.
Development, Validation, and Standardization of Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection of E. coli O157
Authors: Abdulmawjood Amir , Bülte Michael , Roth Stefanie , Schönenbrücher Hahn , Cook Nigel , Heuvelink Annet E , Hoorfar Jeffrey 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A diagnostic polymerase chain reaction assay was developed for the detection of E. coli O157 as the first part of a multicenter validation and standardization project. The assay is based on amplification of sequences of the rfbE O157 gene and includes an internal amplification control. The selectivity of the assay was evaluated against 155 strains, including 32 E. coli O157, 38 E. coli non-O157, and 85 non-E. coli. It was shown to be highly inclusive (100%) and exclusive (100%). The assay has a 100% detection probability of approximately 2 × 103 cells per reaction.
A Medium for the Presumptive Detection of Enterobacter sakazakii in Infant Formula: Interlaboratory Study
Authors: Leuschner Renata G K , Bew Jan ,   Collaborators:, Alfonsina F , Blanco C , Bräunig J , Brookes F , Friedl E , Gooding A , Hahn G , Hudson C , Reid T M S , Short A , Souza M , Stegeman H , Talbot H , Veleta K , Withers Z , Wood M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A standard method for the detection of Enterobacteriaceae was modified for the presumptive detection of Enterobacter sakazakii, and the modified method was validated in an interlaboratory trial with 16 laboratories from 8 European countries. The modification included a differential-elective medium for the isolation of E. sakazakii, consisting of nutrient agar (NA) supplemented with 4-methyl-umbelliferyl α-D-glucoside (α-MUG). A 25 g sample was added to 225 mL buffered peptone water. After incubation at 35° or 37°C for 16 or 20 h, 10 mL nonselective enrichment was transferred into 90 mL selective enrichment. The selective enrichment was streaked on violet-red bile glucose agar (VRBGA) and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. It was streaked in parallel on NA plates supplemented with α-MUG at 50 mg/L and incubated at 25°C for 16 h, and afterwards for an additional 24 h at room temperature in the dark. E. sakazakii appeared as vivid yellow colonies under normal light and showed blue/violet fluorescence under UV light on NA + α-MUG plates. Validation samples represented powdered infant formula without E. sakazakii (blanks) and with low (1–10 colony-forming units [CFU]/25 g) and medium (1–10 CFU/g) contamination levels. All samples contained Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Lactobacillus spp. as background flora. The specificity for blank samples was 100%. The sensitivity of the low contamination level was similar for VRBGA and NA + α-MUG, i.e., 66.7% (66.7% accordance, 53.9% concordance). For the medium level the sensitivities were 96.7% (93.3% accordance, 93.5% concordance) for VRBGA and 98.3% (96.9% accordance, 96.9% concordance) for NA + α-MUG.
Measurement of Novel Dietary Fibers
Authors: McCleary Barry V , Rossiter Patricia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
With the recognition that resistant starch (RS) and nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO) act physiologically as dietary fiber (DF), a need has developed for specific and reliable assay procedures for these components. The ability of AOAC DF methods to accurately measure RS is dependent on the nature of the RS being analyzed. In general, NDO are not measured at all by AOAC DF Methods 985.29 or 991.43, the one exception being the high molecular weight fraction of fructo-oligosaccharides. Values obtained for RS, in general, are not in good agreement with values obtained by in vitro procedures that more closely imitate the in vivo situation in the human digestive tract. Consequently, specific methods for the accurate measurement of RS and NDO have been developed and validated through interlaboratory studies. In this paper, modifications to AOAC fructan Method 999.03 to allow accurate measurement of enzymically produced fructo-oligosaccharides are described. Suggested modifications to AOAC DF methods to ensure complete removal of fructan and RS, and to simplify pH adjustment before amyloglucosidase addition, are also described.
Synthesis of Resistant Starches in Plants
Authors: Morell Matthew K , Konik-Rose Christine , Ahmed Regina , Li Zhongyi , Rahman Sadiq 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The increased incidence in many countries in lifestyle diseases such as colorectal cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes has led to an enhanced interest in disease-prevention measures that can be delivered to target populations through diet. Resistant starch (RS) is emerging as an important dietary component that has the potential to reduce the incidence of bowel health disorders. However, the range of crop species that can serve as effective sources of RS is limited. In this paper the state of knowledge of the starch biosynthesis pathway is reviewed and opportunities to manipulate crop genetics in order to generate additional sources of RS are discussed. The need for a “whole of chain” approach to delivery of RS to the consumer is highlighted because of the impact that different food-processing technologies can have in maintaining, enhancing, or destroying the RS potential of a raw material or food.
Identification of Microcystin-RR and [Dha7]Microcystin-RR in Commercial Standards by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kubwabo Cariton , Vais Natalia , Benoit Frank M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Three different commercial standards of microcystin-RR were assessed for purity by the liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS) technique. Although the liquid chromatograms with photodiode array detector for each standard looked virtually identical, the analysis of corresponding mass spectra revealed that only one of them contained microcystin-RR per purity assay. The second standard was a mixture of microcystin-RR, and its demethyl variant identified as [Dha7]microcystin-RR, and the third one contained [Dha7]microcystin-RR only. We strongly recommend applying LC coupled with MS for purity assay of microcystin standards.
Evaluation of VIDAS® Salmonella (SLM) Immunoassay Method with Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) Medium for Detection of Salmonella in Foods: Collaborative Study
Authors: McMahon Wendy A , Schultz Ann M , Johnson Ronald L ,   Collaborators:, Barnes R , Bohra L , Brayman C , Brock G , Crawford R , Gangar V , Hall G , Hinds P , Jechorek B , Jost-Keating K , Kalinowski R , Kallstrom C , Koschmann C , Lohr J , Luce S , Muzzy T , Pascale J , Planamento I , Post L , Pot ter G , Rule P , Smith J , Van K , Vandre K , Wernberg J , Wil liams J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted to compare the VIDAS Salmonella (SLM) with Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) method for detection of Salmonella in foods to the current standard method presented in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) and the culture method presented in AOAC's Official Methods of Analysis. The VIDAS SLM with RV method uses tetrathionate broth in combination with RV medium in place of selenite cystine broth for selective enrichment, thereby eliminating the hazardous waste issue for laboratories. Twenty five laboratories participated in the evaluation, each testing one or more of 8 test products: nonfat dry milk, dried egg, soy flour, lactic casein, milk chocolate, raw ground pork, raw ground turkey, and raw peeled shrimp. Results of the study showed no significant differences in the numbers of confirmed positive samples with the VIDAS SLM with RV procedure and the BAM/AOAC culture procedure. The VIDAS SLM with RV method was effective for rapid detection of Salmonella in foods. It is recommended that AOAC INTERNATIONAL modify the VIDAS Salmonella SLM procedure to include the RV method.
Evaluation of a Method Based on Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Analyzing Eight Triazolic and Pyrimidine Fungicides in Extracts of Processed Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Sannino Anna 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The feasibility of using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) for determining 8 fungicides (triadimenol, penconazole, propiconazole, hexaconazole, cyproconazole, myclobutanil, fenarimol, and bitertanol) in extracts of tomato puree and lemon juice concentrate has been evaluated. A miniaturized extraction–partition procedure requiring small amounts of nonchlorinated solvents has been used. The extracts (5 μL) were analyzed by LC/ESI-MS/MS without any previous cleanup step. Chromatographic determination has been performed using a C18 column and isocratic elution. Seventeen MS/MS transitions of precursor ions were monitored simultaneously (2 or 3 for each pesticide). The excellent selectivity and good linearity of the LC/MS/MS method allowed quantitation and identification at low levels (limits of quantitation &lt;0.010 mg/kg), even in difficult matrixes, with a run time of only 1.5 min.
Determination of Imidacloprid in Fruits and Vegetables by Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array and Nitrogen-Specific Chemiluminescence Detection
Authors: Ting Keh-Chuh , Zhou Eddie Guangming , Saini Nirmal 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A national trend is focusing on expanding usage of environmentally friendly nitrogenous pesticides and herbicides. However, some of these chemicals are undetectable by any gas chromatographic method due to their thermal lability or nonvolatility. Using imidacloprid as a model compound, this laboratory has developed a simple, effective, and reliable liquid chromatography (LC) method to address the inherent difficulties of these chemicals. Focusing on nitro, nitrate, and/or nitrite chromophore groups and components contained in the chemical structure of most nitrogenous compounds, LC with diode array detector and a nitrogen-specific detector in tandem enabled determination and confirmation analyses in series. Furthermore, using 2 mixtures of solvents in conjunction with 2-stage solid-phase extraction cleanup on aminopropyl/Florisil cartridges to eliminate and/or minimize interferences resulting from free amino acids, peptides, proteins, pigments, and lipids in the plant tissues made the qualitative and quantitative analysis simple, fast, and cost effective. This method demonstrated the potential for becoming a viable analysis tool for many other types of nonvolatile nitrogenous chemicals.