bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proceedings from the Neurotherapeutics Symposium on Neurological Emergencies: Shaping the Future of Neurocritical Care
Authors: Simpkins Alexis N. , Busl Katharina M. , Amorim Edilberto , Barnett-Tapia Carolina , Cervenka Mackenzie C. , Dhakar Monica B. , Etherton Mark R. , Fung Celia , Griggs Robert , Holloway Robert G. , Kelly Adam G. , Khan Imad R. , Lizarraga Karlo J. , Madagan Hannah G. , Onweni Chidinma L. , Mestre Humberto , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Rubinos Clio , Dionisio-Santos Dawling A. , Youn Teddy S. , Merck Lisa H. , Maciel Carolina B. ,   the Neurotherapeutics Symposium 2019, Amorim Edilberto , Barnett-Tapia Carolina , Brown Jeremy , Busl Katharina M. , Cervenka Mackenzie , Claassen Jan , Dhakar Monica , Dylla Layne , Elie Marie-Carmelle , Etherton Mark , Fiscella Kevin , Foreman Brandon , Forgacs Peter , Griggs Robert C. , Halterman Marc , Harriott Andrea , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Hocker Sara , Holloway Robert , Jules Rebecca , Kelly Adam G. , Lackland Daniel , Lerario Mackenzie P. , Lizarraga Karlo J. , Maciel Carolina B. , Merck Lisa H. , Mitchell Gordon , Ngwenya Laura B. , Nogueira Raul G. , Pierre Clifford , Provencio Javier , Rabenstein Alejandro A. , Roberts Debra , Rubinos Clio , Scharf Eugene , Sheth Kevin N. , Simpkins Alexis N. , Thurman Cleopatra , Ullrich Lauren , Zammit Christopher 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEffective treatment options for patients with life-threatening neurological disorders are limited. To address this unmet need, high-impact translational research is essential for the advancement and development of novel therapeutic approaches in neurocritical care. “The Neurotherapeutics Symposium 2019—Neurological Emergencies” conference, held in Rochester, New York, in June 2019, was designed to accelerate translation of neurocritical care research via transdisciplinary team science and diversity enhancement. Diversity excellence in the neuroscience workforce brings innovative and creative perspectives, and team science broadens the scientific approach by incorporating views from multiple stakeholders. Both are essential components needed to address complex scientific questions. Under represented minorities and women were involved in the organization of the conference and accounted for 30–40% of speakers, moderators, and attendees. Participants represented a diverse group of stakeholders committed to translational research. Topics discussed at the conference included acute ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, neurogenic respiratory dysregulation, seizures and status epilepticus, brain telemetry, neuroprognostication, disorders of consciousness, and multimodal monitoring. In these proceedings, we summarize the topics covered at the conference and suggest the groundwork for future high-yield research in neurologic emergencies.
Quaternary Structure Changes for PrPSc Predate PrPC Downregulation and Neuronal Death During Progression of Experimental Scrapie Disease
Authors: Eskandari-Sedighi Ghazaleh , Cortez Leonardo M. , Yang Jing , Daude Nathalie , Shmeit Klinton , Sim Valerie , Westaway David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases in mammals with the unique characteristics of misfolding and aggregation of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) to the scrapie prion (PrPSc). Although neuroinflammation and neuronal loss feature within the disease process, the details of PrPC/PrPSc molecular transition to generate different aggregated species, and the correlation between each species and sequence of cellular events in disease pathogenesis are not fully understood. In this study, using mice inoculated with the RML isolate of mouse-adapted scrapie as a model, we applied asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation to monitor PrPC and PrPSc particle sizes and we also measured seeding activity and resistance to proteases. For cellular analysis in brain tissue, we measured inflammatory markers and synaptic damage, and used the isotropic fractionator to measure neuronal loss; these techniques were applied at different timepoints in a cross-sectional study of disease progression. Our analyses align with previous reports defining significant decreases in PrPC levels at pre-clinical stages of the disease and demonstrate that these decreases become significant before neuronal loss. We also identified the earliest PrPSc assemblies at a timepoint equivalent to 40% elapsed time for the disease incubation period; we propose that these assemblies, mostly composed of proteinase K (PK)–sensitive species, play an important role in triggering disease pathogenesis. Lastly, we show that the PK-resistant assemblies of PrPSc that appear at timepoints close to the terminal stage have similar biophysical characteristics, and hence that preparative use of PK-digestion selects for this specific subpopulation. In sum, our data argue that qualitative, as well as quantitative, changes in PrP conformers occur at the midpoint of subclinical phase; these changes affect quaternary structure and may occur at the threshold where adaptive responses become inadequate to deal with pathogenic processes.
Heavy Metals Assessment in the Medjerda River Basin (Northeastern Algeria): A Preliminary Water Analysis and Toad Skin Biopsy
Authors: Guezgouz Noureddine , Parisi Costantino , Boubsil Soumaya , Grieco Gaetano , Hana Soualah Alila , Guerriero Giulia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOur study attempted to monitor the quality of water in Medjarda basin (Northeastern Algeria) and to provide baseline information of heavy metals in the water as well as in a potential amphibian biosentinel, the spiny toad, Bufo spinosus. We measured pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand of water and levels of heavy metals in toad skin using an atomic absorption flame spectrophotometer. Lead (Pb) concentration in water and in toad skin at all sites exceeded respectively 60 and 96 times the standard reference values. The heavy metal concentrations, in descending order, in water and in male toad skin were as follows: Pb > Fe > Cu > Zn and Fe > Pb > Zn > Cu respectively. This study highlights the ecological status of the surrounding areas upstream of the Medjarda basin as being a point source of heavy metal pollution. It is further stated that a non-invasive skin removal is an ethically sound technique to evaluate heavy metal accumulation in aquatic animals like toad, without euthanizing the specimens and making any loss to biodiversity of the species.
DEM simulations of polydisperse media: efficient contact detection applied to investigate the quasi-static limit
Authors: Shire Tom , Hanley Kevin J. , Stratford Kevin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDiscrete element modeling (DEM) of polydisperse granular materials is significantly more computationally expensive than modeling of monodisperse materials as a larger number of particles are required to obtain a representative elementary volume, and standard contact detection algorithms become progressively less efficient with polydispersity. This paper presents modified contact detection and inter-processor communication schemes implemented in LAMMPS which account for particles of different sizes separately, greatly improving efficiency. This new scheme is applied to the inertial number (I), which quantifies the ratio of inertial to confining forces. This has been used to identify the quasi-static limit for shearing of granular materials, which is often taken to be $$ I = 10^{ - 3} $$

I
=

10

-
3

. However, the expression for the inertial number contains a particle diameter term and therefore it is unclear how to apply this for polydisperse media. Results of DEM shearing tests on polydisperse granular media are presented in order to determine whether $$ I $$
I
provides a unique quasi-static limit regardless of polydispersity and which particle diameter term should be used to calculate $$ I $$
I
. The results show that the commonly used value of $$ I = 10^{ - 3} $$

I
=

10

-
3

can successfully locate the quasi-static limit for monodisperse media but not for polydisperse media, for which significant variations of macroscopic stress ratio and microscopic force and contact networks are apparent down to at least $$ I = 10^{ - 6} $$

I
=

10

-
6

. The quasi-static limit could not be conclusively determined for the polydisperse samples. Based on these results, the quasi-staticity of polydisperse samples should not be inferred from a low inertial number as currently formulated, irrespective of the particle diameter used in its calculation.
Wheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pathovar Triticum is efficiently controlled by the plant defence inducer isotianil
Authors: Portz Katharina , Casanova Florencia , Jordine Angelina , Bohnert Stefan , Mehl Andreas , Portz Daniela , Schaffrath Ulrich 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pv. Triticum is an upcoming threat to wheat cultivation worldwide. The disease crossing over to wheat first gained attention in South America, with increasing interest coming from its more recent appearance in the big wheat-growing areas of Asia. The increasing economic relevance of the disease and the lack of genetic resistance in current wheat breeding material, besides fungicide resistance already present in fungal pathogen populations, highlighted the need to evaluate the potential of isotianil as an alternative plant protection measure. Isotianil is already registered in Asia for the protection of rice against M. oryzae, but because the agronomic practices and disease development of blast differ between rice and wheat, the efficacy of isotianil against wheat blast was hard to predict. Testing isotianil in the currently available formulations, applied either as seed treatment or soil drench, resulted in a significant reduction of disease severity. The efficacy was comparably high, on different wheat cultivars and using several fungal isolates with different degrees of virulence. Microscopic analyses revealed that isotianil treatment can prevent invasive growth of the pathogen. No phytotoxicity from isotianil treatment was observed on wheat plants. Importantly, isotianil not only protects wheat plants at the seedling stage but also on spikes thereby preventing losses due to this most severe disease syndrome. In summary, the results showed the high potential of isotianil to protect against wheat blast.
Low-cost ultrasonic based object detection and collision avoidance method for autonomous robots
Authors: Yasin Jawad N. , Mohamed Sherif A. S. , Haghbayan Mohammad-Hashem , Heikkonen Jukka , Tenhunen Hannu , Plosila Juha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work focuses on the development of an effective collision avoidance algorithm that detects and avoids obstacles autonomously in the vicinity of a potential collision by using a single ultrasonic sensor and controlling the movement of the vehicle. The objectives are to minimise the deviation from the vehicle’s original path and also the development of an algorithm utilising one of the cheapest sensors available for very lost cost systems. For instance, in a scenario where the main ranging sensor malfunctions, a backup low cost sensor is required for safe navigation of the vehicle while keeping the deviation to a minimum. The developed algorithm utilises only one ultrasonic sensor and approximates the front shape of the detected object by sweeping the sensor mounted on top of the unmanned vehicle. In this proposed approach, the sensor is rotated for shape approximation and edge detection instead of moving the robot around the encountered obstacle. It has been tested in various indoor situations using different shapes of objects, stationary objects, moving objects, and soft or irregularly shaped objects. The results show that the algorithm provides satisfactory outcomes by entirely avoiding obstacles and rerouting the vehicle with a minimal deviation.
Charles Travis on Truth and Perception
Authors: Wallage Martijn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCharles Travis has developed a distinction between “the historical” (the sensible world) and “the conceptual” (thoughts and concepts), which underlies his influential contributions to the philosophy of language and perception. The distinction is based on the observation that there are, for any thought, indefinitely many different circumstances that would render it true. The generality of thoughts and concepts contrasts with the particularity of the sensible world. I challenge the assumption that what exhibits such generality cannot belong to the sensible world. I also defend a version of the claim that perception involves the exercise of conceptual capacities.
L’In/visibilité constitutive du sujet trans : l’exemple du droit québécois
Authors: Ashley Florence 
Published: September 2020

RésuméLe langage du droit crée le sujet transgenre en tissant une conception légale du sexe ou genre, une conception qui a longtemps exclut les personnes trans. L’autaire propose d’analyser le langage du genre en droit québécois pour en faire ressortir deux phases conceptuelles. À travers ces deux modèles – l’un médical et l’un minoritaire – le droit québécois relate l’existence des personnes trans en premier lieu comme un moment essentiellement transitoire et liminal entre deux états d’être binaires, alors que le modèle minoritaire y voit plutôt une réalité d’exception, se définissant par son opposition au cadre social majoritaire. Ces deux visions s’enchaînent historiquement et révèlent l’évolution récente de la conception négative des personnes trans comme minorité qui ressort des avancées législatives récentes en droit québécois. L’autaire conclut que, malgré les avancées, il reste plus à faire pour réellement inclure les personnes trans comme sujets habituels de droit.
Practicality of Tricone Bit Wear Condition Assessment
Authors: Rafezi Hamed , Hassani Ferri 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA practical bit condition monitoring system is a necessary component of autonomous drilling. Tricone bits are widely used in blasthole drilling in mining. Bits experience a variety of wear mechanisms during the operation and rolling element failure is the dominant catastrophic failure mode of tricone bits. Bit lifetime and performance significantly vary based on the working condition and the critical components of the bit i.e. rolling elements, are invisible to the direct condition monitoring systems. At McGill University, extensive research work is conducted to develop an indirect bit condition monitoring and failure prediction approach relying on the vibration signals and the technology is currently patent pending. This article presents real-world experimental evidence to show the unreliability of conservative bit changing strategy based on the bit operation life or drop in the rate of penetration (ROP) and ineffectiveness of direct wear monitoring techniques to cover the dominant failure mode.ObjectiveTo demonstrate the unreliability of tricone bit replacement relying on bit operation life or ROP measurement and ineffectiveness of vision-based monitoring techniques for autonomous drilling.
End of an Era: Transforming Language and Society in Japan, Korea, and Vietnam, c. 1870-1950
Authors: Weng Jeffrey 
Published: September 2020

AbstractScholars have generally taken a “diffusionist” view of the rise of national standard languages—the state pushes for the wider adoption of such languages, and other forces (principally economic modernization) facilitate its diffusion. But such a view is too mechanistic and Eurocentric, and an examination of other, less-familiar cases lends itself to a revised interpretation. Amid Western imperialism and the rise of nationalism in East Asia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a massive shift in language practices took place between about 1870 and 1950, as regional hegemony shifted from China to Japan. Bound for two millennia by their common use of Classical Chinese, elite literati in China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam all moved away from that abstruselingua francaand turned to the creation of new national vernaculars. I argue for a more “integrationist” perspective: language nationalization was a state-led and top-down process directed at remaking society.
Acanthamoeba spp. monoclonal antibody against a CPA2 transporter: a promising molecular tool for acanthamoebiasis diagnosis and encystment study
Authors: Weber-Lima Michele Martha , Prado-Costa Bianca , Becker-Finco Alessandra , Costa Adriana Oliveira , Billilad Philippe , Furst Cinthia , de Moura Juliana Ferreira , Alvarenga Larissa Magalhães 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFree-living amoeba of the genus Acanthamoeba are ubiquitous protozoa involved in opportunistic and non-opportunistic infection in humans, such as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and amoebic keratitis. Both infections have challenging characteristics such as the formation of the resistant cysts in infected tissues, hampering the treatment and most usual diagnosis depending on time-consuming and/or low sensitivity techniques. The use of monoclonal antibodies presents itself as an opportunity for the development of more effective alternative diagnostic methods, as well as an important and useful tool in the search for new therapeutic targets. This study investigated the possibility of using a previously produced monoclonal antibody (mAb3), as a diagnostic tool for the detection of Acanthamoeba trophozoites by direct and indirect flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Immunoprecipitation assay and mass spectrometry allowed the isolation of the antibody's target and suggested it is a transporter part of the CPA (cation: proton antiporter) superfamily. In vitro tests indicate an important role of this target in Acanthamoeba's encystment physiology. Our results support the importance of studying the role of CPA2 transporters in the context of acanthamoebiasis, as this may be a way to identify new therapeutic candidates.
Calibration of Multiple Depth Sensor Network Using Reflective Pattern on Spheres: Theory and Experiments
Authors: Mohsin Nasreen , Payandeh Shahram 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYThe usage of depth data from time-of-flight or any equivalent devices overcomes visual challenges presented under low illumination. For integrating such data from multiple sources, the paper proposes a novel tool for the calibration of sensors. The proposed tool consists of retro-reflective stripped spheres. To correctly estimate these spheres, the paper investigates the performance of spherical estimations from either infrared or depth data. The relationship between sensors is determined by calculating the poses between the calibration tool and each sensor. The paper evaluates and compares the proposed approach against other state-of-the-art approaches in terms of shape reconstruction and spatial consistency.
Staphylococcus aureusadheres avidly to decellularised cardiac homograft tissue in vitro in the fibrinogen-dependent manner
Authors: Ditkowski Bartosz , Leeten Kirsten , Jashari Ramadan , Jones Elizabeth , Heying Ruth 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:Infective endocarditis remains a severe complication associated with a high morbidity and mortality in patients after heart valve replacement. Exploration of the pathogenesis is of high demand and we, therefore, present a competent model that allows studying bacterial adherence and the role of plasma fibrinogen in this process using a new in-house designed low-volume flow chamber. Three cardiac graft tissues used for pulmonary valve replacement have been tested under shear conditions to investigate the impact of surface composition on the adhesion events.Methods:Tissue pieces of cryopreserved homograft (non-decellularised), decellularised homograft and bovine pericardium patch were investigated for fibrinogen binding. Adherence ofStaphylococcus aureusto these graft tissues was studied quantitatively under flow conditions in our newly fabricated chamber based on a parallel plates’ modality. The method of counting colony-forming units was reliable and reproducible to assess the propensity of different graft materials for bacterial attachment under shear.Results:Bacterial perfusions over all plasma-precoated tissues identified cryopreserved homograft with the lowest affinity forS. aureuscompared to decellularised homograft presenting a significantly higher bacterial adhesion (p < 0.05), which was linked to a more avid fibrinogen binding (p < 0.01). Bovine pericardial patch, as a reference tissue in this study, was confirmed to be the most susceptible tissue graft for the bacterial adhesion, which was in line with our previous work.Conclusion:The two studied homograft tissues showed different levels of bacterial attachment, which might be postulated by the involvement of fibrinogen in the adhesion mechanism(s) shown previously for bovine tissues.
MAP Inference for Probabilistic Logic Programming
Authors: BELLODI ELENA , ALBERTI MARCO , RIGUZZI FABRIZIO , ZESE RICCARDO 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn Probabilistic Logic Programming (PLP) the most commonly studied inference task is to compute the marginal probability of a query given a program. In this paper, we consider two other important tasks in the PLP setting: the Maximum-A-Posteriori (MAP) inference task, which determines the most likely values for a subset of the random variables given evidence on other variables, and the Most Probable Explanation (MPE) task, the instance of MAP where the query variables are the complement of the evidence variables. We present a novel algorithm, included in the PITA reasoner, which tackles these tasks by representing each problem as a Binary Decision Diagram and applying a dynamic programming procedure on it. We compare our algorithm with the version of ProbLog that admits annotated disjunctions and can perform MAP and MPE inference. Experiments on several synthetic datasets show that PITA outperforms ProbLog in many cases.
A Generalised Approach for Encoding and Reasoning with Qualitative Theories in Answer Set Programming
Authors: BARYANNIS GEORGE , TACHMAZIDIS ILIAS , BATSAKIS SOTIRIS , ANTONIOU GRIGORIS , ALVIANO MARIO , PAPADAKIS EMMANUEL 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQualitative reasoning involves expressing and deriving knowledge based on qualitative terms such as natural language expressions, rather than strict mathematical quantities. Well over 40 qualitative calculi have been proposed so far, mostly in the spatial and temporal domains, with several practical applications such as naval traffic monitoring, warehouse process optimisation and robot manipulation. Even if a number of specialised qualitative reasoning tools have been developed so far, an important barrier to the wider adoption of these tools is that only qualitative reasoning is supported natively, when real-world problems most often require a combination of qualitative and other forms of reasoning. In this work, we propose to overcome this barrier by using ASP as a unifying formalism to tackle problems that require qualitative reasoning in addition to non-qualitative reasoning. A family of ASP encodings is proposed which can handle any qualitative calculus with binary relations. These encodings are experimentally evaluated using a real-world dataset based on a case study of determining optimal coverage of telecommunication antennas, and compared with the performance of two well-known dedicated reasoners. Experimental results show that the proposed encodings outperform one of the two reasoners, but fall behind the other, an acceptable trade-off given the added benefits of handling any type of reasoning as well as the interpretability of logic programs.