bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric validation of the Laval Developmental Benchmarks Scale for Family Medicine
Authors: Renaud Jean-Sebastien , Lacasse Miriam , Côté Luc , Théorêt Johanne , Rheault Christian , Simard Caroline 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: With the implementation of competency-based education in family medicine, there is a need for summative end-of-rotation assessments that are criterion-referenced rather than normative. Laval University’s family residency program therefore developed the Laval Developmental Benchmarks Scale for Family Medicine (DBS-FM), based on competency milestones. This psychometric validation study investigates its internal structure and its relation to another variable, two sources of validity evidence. Methods: We used assessment data from a cohort of residents (n=1 432 assessments) and the Rasch Rating Scale Model to investigate its reliability, dimensionality, rating scale functioning, targeting of items to residents’ competency levels, biases (differential item functioning), items hierarchy (adequacy of milestones ordering), and score responsiveness. Convergent validity was estimated by its correlation with the clinical rotation decision (pass, in difficulty/fail). Results: The DBS-FM can be considered as a unidimensional scale with good reliability for non-extreme scores (.83). The correlation between expected and empirical items hierarchies was of .78, p < .0001.Year 2 residents achieved higher scores than year 1 residents. It was associated with the clinical rotation decision. ﻿Conclusion: Advancing its validation, this study found that the DBS-FM has a sound internal structure and demonstrates convergent validity.
Early detection of non-invasive ventilation failure among acute respiratory failure patients in the Emergency Department
Authors: liengswangwong Wijittra , Yuksen Chaiyaporn Mahidol , Thepkong Tipanun , Nakasint Pornita , Jenpanitpong Chetsadakon 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) has become an alternative to an invasive artificial airway for the management of acute respiratory failure (ARF). NIV failure causes delayed intubation, which eventually has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to develop the clinical scoring system of NIV failure in ARF patients. Methods This study was a diagnostic, retrospectively cross-sectional, and exploratory model at the Emergency Medicine Department in Ramathibodi Hospital between February 2017 and December 2017. We included all of the acute respiratory failure patients aged >18 years and received non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Clinical factors associated with NIV failure were recorded. The predictive model and prediction score for NIV failure were developed by multivariable logistic regression analysis.Result A total of 329 acute respiratory failure patients have received NIV success (N = 237) and failure (N = 92). This study showed that NIV failure was associated with heart rate > 110 bpm, systolic BP < 110 mmHg, SpO2 < 90 %, arterial pH < 7.30 and serum lactate. The clinical scores were classified into three groups: low, moderate, and high.Conclusion We suggested that the novel clinical scoring of the NIV failure in this study may use as a good predictor for NIV failure in the emergency room.
The Immediate Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Adolescents with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Nissen Judith Becker , Højgaard David , Thomsen Per Hove 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a distressing psychiatric disorder. Traumas may trigger or aggravate OCD symptoms. COVID-19 pandemic has coursed a global crisis and has been associated with onset of psychiatric disorders in adults. Little is known about children/adolescents with OCD. The present study aimed to examine how children/adolescents with OCD react towards COVID-19 crisis. Methods A questionnaire was distributed to two separate groups of children/adolescents. One group was a clinical group newly diagnosed at a specialized OCD clinic. All the children/adolescents had a current close contact to a therapist or doctor. The other group was a survey group identified through the Danish OCD Association. Most of these children/adolescents were diagnosed years ago, and their primary treatment was completed. For the clinical group, data from patient files was available. Results In both groups, but most pronounced in the survey group, participants experienced a worsening of their OCD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The aggravation of OCD correlated with the worsening of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and the extent of avoidance behavior. For both groups, OCD aggressive symptoms predicted a significant worsening. Poor baseline insight showed a trend to predict a symptom worsening. The worsening was most pronounced in children with early age of onset and a family history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies examining the effect of COVID-19 in children/adolescents with OCD. The effect was examined in two separate populations strengthening the findings. The study points towards an influence of the OCD phenotype, baseline insight suggesting a continued vulnerability, and a family history of psychiatric disorders. Trial registration The study is approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (1-16-02-147-20) registered 1 st of April 2020. Oral and written information was given to parents and patients and written consent from patients over 15 years and parents were received.
Unveiling role of Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 as a brake of epithelial stem cell proliferation and a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer
Authors: Petti Luciana , Rizzo Giulia , Rubbino Federica , Elangovan Sudharshan , Colombo Piergiuseppe , Silvia Restelli , Piontini Andrea , Arena Vincenzo , Carvello Michele , Romano Barbara , Cavalleri Tommaso , Anselmo Achille , Ungaro Federica , D’Alessio Silvia , Spinelli Antonino , Stifter Sanja , Grizzi Fabio , Sgambato Alessandro , Danese Silvio , Laghi Luigi , Malesci Alberto , VETRANO STEFANIA 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) mediates pleiotropic functions encompassing cell proliferation, survival, and migration, which become collectively de-regulated in cancer. Information on whether S1PR2 participates in colorectal carcinogenesis/cancer is scanty, and we set out to fill the gap.Methods. We screened expression changes of S1PR2 in human CRC and matched normal mucosa specimens [N=76]. We compared CRC arising in inflammation-driven and genetically engineered models in wild-type (S1PR2+/+) and S1PR2 deficient (S1PR2-/-) mice. We reconstituted S1PR2 expression in RKO cells and assessed their growth in xenografts. Functionally, we mimicked the ablation of S1PR2 in normal mucosa by treating S1PR2+/+ organoids with JTE013 and characterized intestinal epithelial stem cells isolated from S1PR2-/-Lgr5-EGFP- mice.Results. S1PR2 expression was lost in 33% of CRC; in 55%, it was significantly decreased, only 12% retaining expression comparable to normal mucosa. Both colitis-induced and genetic Apc+/min mouse models of CRC showed a higher incidence in size and number of carcinomas and/or high-grade adenomas, with increased cell proliferation in S1PR2-/- mice compared to S1PR2+/+ controls. Loss of S1PR2 impaired mucosal regeneration, ultimately promoting the expansion of intestinal stem cells. Whereas its overexpression attenuated cell cycle progression, it reduced the phosphorylation of AKT and augmented the levels of PTEN.Conclusions. In normal colonic crypts, S1PR2 gains expression along with intestinal epithelial cells differentiation, but not in intestinal stem cells, and contrasts intestinal tumorigenesis by promoting epithelial differentiation, preventing the expansion of stem cells and braking their malignant transformation. Targeting of S1PR2 may be of therapeutic benefit for CRC expressing high Lgr5.
Individual-based dengue virus surveillance in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected concurrently with suspected patients in Tarlac City, Philippines
Authors: Balingit Jean Claude , Carvajal Thaddeus M. , Saito-Obata Mariko , Gamboa Maribet , Nicolasora Amalea Dulcene , Sy Ava Kristy , Oshitani Hitoshi , Watanabe Kozo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Vector control measures are critical in the prevention and reduction of dengue virus (DENV) transmission. In this context, effective vector control is reliant not only on knowledge of mosquito abundance, but also on the timely and accurate detection of mosquito infection. Mosquito-based virus surveillance programs commonly rely on pool-based mosquito testing, but whether individual-based mosquito testing could represent a feasible alternative is not largely studied. Applying an individual-based mosquito testing approach, we conducted a one-month DENV surveillance of adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes around households of suspected dengue patients during the 2015 dengue peak season in Tarlac City, Philippines to more accurately assess the mosquito infection rate, and to identify the DENV serotypes and genotypes concurrently co-circulating in mosquitoes and patients. Methods: We performed a one-step multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and serotyping of DENV in patients and in individual female Ae. aegypti mosquito. Additionally, we performed sequencing and phylogenetic analyses to further characterize the detected DENVs in mosquitoes and patients at the genotype level. Results: We collected a total of 583 adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, of which we tested 359 female mosquitoes individually for the presence of the DENV. Ten mosquitoes (2.8%) from amongst 359 female mosquitoes were confirmed to be positive for the presence of the DENV. We detected DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-4 in the field-collected mosquitoes, which were consistent with the serotypes concurrently infecting patients. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the detected DENVs based on the partial envelope (E) gene revealed three genotypes concurrently present in the sampled mosquitoes and patients during the study period, namely: DENV-1 genotype IV, DENV-2 Cosmopolitan genotype and DENV-4 genotype II. Conclusions: In this study, we demonstrate the utility of a one-step multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay in individual-based DENV surveillance of mosquitoes. Our findings reinforce the importance of detecting and monitoring virus activity in local mosquito populations, which is critical for dengue prevention and control activities.
ITGA5 is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Zhu Hai , Wang Gang , Zhu Haixing , Xu Aman 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Integrin Subunit Alpha 5 (ITGA5), belongs to the integrin alpha chain family, is vital for promoting cancer cell invasion, metastasis. However, the correlation between ITGA5 expression and immune infiltration in gastrointestinal (GI) tumors remain unclear.Methods: The expression level of ITGA5 was detected by Oncomine and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). The association between ITGA5 and prognosis of patients was identified by Kaplan–Meier plotter, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2(GEPIA2) and PrognoScan. We evaluated the correlation between ITGA5 expression and immune infiltrating level via TIMER. Besides, TIMER, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and western blot were used to explore correlations between ITGA5 expression and markers of immune infiltrates cells. Furthermore, we constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and performed functional enrichment by GeneMANIA and Metascape.Results: ITGA5 was generally overexpressed and correlated with worse prognosis in multiple types of GI tumors. In addition, ITGA5 expression levels was significantly associated with tumor purity and immune infiltration levels of different immune cells in GI tumors. Interestingly, immune markers for monocytes, tumor - associated macrophages (TAMs), macrophages 2 (M2) cells and T-helper 2 (Th2) cells were found to be significantly and positively correlated with ITGA5 expression levels in colon and gastric cancer. Results from IHC staining and western blot further proved that markers of Th2 and M2 cell were significantly increased in gastric cancer patients with high ITGA5 expression levels. Lastly, interaction network and function enrichment analysis revealed ITGA5 was mainly involved in “integrin mediated signaling pathway”, “leukocyte migration”, “cell-substrate adhesion”.Conclutions: Our study demonstrated that ITGA5 may act as an essential regulator of tumor immune cell infiltration and a valuable prognostic biomarker in GI tumors. Additional work is needed to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms behind these observations.
Impact of Galcanezumab on Total Pain Burden: Findings From Phase 3 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Studies in Patients with Episodic or Chronic Migraine (EVOLVE-1, EVOLVE-2, and REGAIN Trials)
Authors: Ailani Jessica , Andrews J Scott , Rettiganti Mallikarjuna , Nicholson Robert A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Focus on the frequency of migraine pain may undervalue the total burden of migraine as pain duration and severity may present unique, additive burden. A composite measure of total pain burden (TPB; frequency, severity, and duration) may provide a more comprehensive characterization of pain burden and treatment response in patients with episodic migraine (EM) or chronic migraine (CM). The impact of galcanezumab versus placebo on TPB among patients with EM or CM was analyzed.METHODS: Patients from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled episodic (two 6‑month studies pooled) and chronic migraine (3-month) studies received once-monthly subcutaneous injection of galcanezumab 120 mg or placebo. A post hoc analysis of TPB for a given month was calculated as severity-weighted duration by multiplying duration (hours) and maximum pain severity (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe) of migraine for each day and summing these over the days in a month. Least square mean change from baseline in monthly TPB across Months 1-6 (EM, N=444 galcanezumab, N=894 placebo) and Months 1‑3 (CM, N=278 galcanezumab, N=558 placebo) were compared using a mixed-model repeated measures model. Correlation of the Migraine Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MSQ) and Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) to TPB at baseline was assessed.RESULTS: At baseline, the duration of migraine on a given migraine headache day accounted for the greatest unique proportion of variability (EM, 57.4% and CM, 61.1%) to TPB after adjusting for frequency of migraine headache days and maximum pain severity. The decrease from baseline in monthly TPB was greater with galcanezumab than placebo for patients with EM (68.6 versus 36.2) and CM (102.6 versus 44.4). The average percent reduction of TPB from baseline was significantly greater with galcanezumab compared with placebo in patients with EM (50.8% versus 17.2%) and CM (29.7% versus 11.0%). In patients with EM and CM, TPB correlated with MSQ total score (r=‑0.35 and r=‑0.37) and MIDAS (r=0.34 and r=0.32).CONCLUSIONS: Greater reduction in TPB was seen in patients with EM and CM treated with galcanezumab 120 mg once-monthly injection relative to placebo. Discussing TPB supports patient-centric conversations regarding treatment expectations when clinicians are evaluating options for migraine prevention.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: #NCT02614183 (I5Q-MC-CGAG; EVOLVE-1), #NCT02614196 (I5Q‑MC‑CGAH; EVOLVE-2), and #NCT02614261 (I5Q-MC-CGAI; REGAIN) – all 3 trials were registered on 23 November 2015.
Prevalence of depression, anxiety, delirium, and post-traumatic stress disorder among COVID-19 patients: protocol for a living systematic review
Authors: Shi Jiyuan , Zhao Liang , Li Yuanyuan , Yan Meili , Mingming Niu , Chen Yamin , Song Ziwei , Gao Ya , Zhang Ruixing , Tian Jinhui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Previous studies on the impact of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the mental health of the patients has been limited by the lack of relevant data. With the rapid and sustained growth of the publications on COVID-19 research, we will perform a living systematic review (LSR) to provide comprehensive and continuously updated data to explore the prevalence of depression, anxiety, delirium, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among COVID-19 patients.Methods We will perform a comprehensive search of the following databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Chinese Biomedicine Literature to identify relevant studies. We will include peer-reviewed cross-sectional studies published in English and Chinese. Two reviewers will independently assess the methodological quality of included studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal tool and perform data extraction. In the absence of clinical heterogeneity, the prevalence estimates with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of depression, anxiety, delirium, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) will be calculated by using random-effects model to minimize the effect of between-study heterogeneity separately. The literature searches will be updated every three months, we will perform meta-analysis if any new eligible studies or data are obtained and resubmit an updated review when there were relevant changes in the results when outcomes become statistically significant (or not statistically significant anymore) or when heterogeneity becomes significantly (or not significant anymore).Discussion This LSR will provide an in-depth and up-to-date summary of whether the common neuropsychiatric conditions observed in patients hospitalized for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) are also prevalent in a different stage of COVID-19 patients.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42020196610
Estimation of absolute stress in the hypocentral region of the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquakes
Authors: Fialko Yuri 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Strength of the upper brittle part of the Earth's lithosphere
controls deformation styles in tectonically active regions, surface
topography, seismicity, and the occurrence of plate tectonics, yet it
remains one of the least constrained and most debated quantities in
geophysics. Seismic data (in particular, earthquake focal mechanisms)
have been used to infer orientation of the principal stress axes.
Here I show that the focal mechanism data can be combined with
information from precise earthquake locations to place robust
constraints not only on the orientation, but also on the magnitude of
absolute stress at depth. The proposed method uses machine learning to
identify quasi-linear clusters of seismicity associated with active
faults. A distribution of the relative attitudes of conjugate faults
carries information about the amplitude and spatial heterogeneity of
the deviatoric stress and frictional strength in the seismogenic
zone. The observed diversity of dihedral angles between conjugate
faults in the Ridgecrest (California, USA) area that hosted a recent
sequence of strong earthquakes suggests the effective coefficient of
friction of 0.4-0.6, and depth-averaged shear stresses on the order of
25-40 MPa, intermediate between predictions of the "strong" and
"weak" fault theories.
Novel microfluidic platform accelerates processing of tissue into single cells for molecular analysis and primary culture models
Authors: Lombardo Jeremy , Aliaghaei Marzieh , Nguyen Quy , Kessenbrock Kai , Haun Jered 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Tissues are composed of highly heterogeneous mixtures of cell subtypes, and this diversity is increasingly being characterized using high-throughput single cell analysis methods. However, these efforts are hindered by the fact that tissues must first be dissociated into single cell suspensions that are viable and still accurately represent phenotypes from the original tissue. Current methods for breaking down tissues are inefficient, labor-intensive, subject to high variability, and potentially biased towards cell subtypes that are easier to release. Here, we present a microfluidic platform consisting of three different tissue processing technologies that can perform the complete tissue to single cell workflow, including digestion, disaggregation, and filtration. First, we developed a new microfluidic digestion device that can be loaded with minced tissue specimens quickly and easily, and then use the combination of proteolytic enzyme activity and fluid shear forces to accelerate tissue breakdown. Next, we integrated dissociation and filter technologies into a single device, which enhanced single cell numbers and fully prepared the sample for single cell analysis. The final multi-device platform was then evaluated using a diverse array of tissue types that exhibited a wide range of properties. For murine kidney and mammary tumor, we found that microfluidic processing produced 2.5-fold more single, viable cells. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) further revealed that device processing enriched for endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and basal epithelium, and did not increase stress responses. For murine liver and heart, which are softer tissues containing fragile cell types, processing time could be reduced to 15 min, and even as short as 1 min. We also demonstrated that periodic recovery at defined time intervals produced substantially more hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes than continuous operation, most likely by preventing damage to fragile cell types. In future work, we will seek to integrate additional operations such as upstream tissue preparation and downstream microfluidic cell sorting and detection to create powerful point-of-care single cell diagnostic platforms.
Molecular Engineering towards Efficient White-Light-Emitting Perovskite
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Zhao Lili , Zhang Qian , Yaqoob Najma , Yin Zhengmao , Kaghazchi Payam , Xu Weigao , Wang Lei , Xing Jun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Low-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have demonstrated excellent performance as efficient white-light emitters. The broadband emission with large Stokes shift originates from self-trapped excitons (STEs). Since the mechanism of STEs formation in perovskites is still not clear, preparation of new low-dimensional white perovskites relies mostly on screening lots of intercalated organic molecules rather than a rational design. Here, we report an atom-substituting strategy to trigger STEs formation in layered perovskites. We applied halogen substituting hydrogen of C-H bond in intercalated organic molecules. The halogen-substituents with high electronegativity will withdraw electrons from the tail -NH3+ in the molecule. This results in a large positive charge accumulation on -NH3+, and thus a stronger attractive Coulomb force in ionic bond NH3+-PbBr3-. This plays an important role in transformation of free excitons (FEs) into STEs. Our designed white perovskites reached a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 32%, high color rendering index of near 90 and excellent Commission International de I’Eclairage coordinates close to the standard white-light (0.33, 0.33). This work provides atomic insights into the STEs formation in low-dimensional perovskites and will benefit tailoring white perovskites with boosting performance.