bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating degradation efficiency in plasma reactors through driving frequency optimization
Authors: Winburn Matthew R , Cheung Chin Li 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Plasma-assisted degradation (PAD) methods have shown promise in water treatment applications, leveraging electrical energy to break down organic contaminants. Here we report our investigation of the driving frequency dependent nature of PAD using a falling-film plasma reactor for the degradation of brilliant blue dye in aqueous solutions. The degradation kinetics of the dye were analyzed and correlated with the energy efficiency, power consumption, and driving frequency of the reactor. Experimental trials revealed that tuning the driving frequency to align with the reactor’s natural resonance significantly enhanced degradation efficiency, achieving an electrical energy per order (E
EO) of nearly 100 kW m−3 at an optimal frequency of 9 kHz. Results indicate a nonlinear relationship between power consumption and frequency, confirming harmonic resonance within the plasma reactor and underscoring the importance of optimizing electrical parameters for cost-effective treatment. An LCR circuit model was used to explain the differences in power consumption across the examined frequency range. This research highlights the potential of driving frequency tuning to optimize the generation of reactive chemical species in PAD methods for organic contaminant degradation. By highlighting how harmonic frequency tuning maximizes reactive species generation, this study provides a foundation for future improvements in PAD systems, offering a pathway to scalable, energy-efficient water treatment technologies.
IHR-Net: image haze removal network based on improved YUV spatial strategy
Authors: Si Yazhong , Li Chen , Yang Fan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Image haze removal is a challenging task in computer vision. Existing dehazing algorithms are typically applied in the RGB space, assuming that haze affects all color channels equally, and thus enhancing the image independently across the three channels. Actually, compared to the RGB space, the YUV domain can provide a more accurate representation of haze distribution characteristics and is better suited for image haze removal. Nevertheless, current YUV-based dehazing strategies often suffer from dull colors due to a lack of comprehensive consideration of color channels. To address this limitation, we propose an improved YUV domain-based image haze removal network (IHR-Net), which consists of a pre-trained model and a backbone network to enhance the Y channel and UV channels separately. Specifically, we utilize the pre-trained model to extract haze features that guide the backbone network in optimizing the UV channels. To increase the network’s attention to color-shifting areas, we introduce a haze attention module and integrate it into the backbone network. Experimental results on both synthetic and real-world daytime and nighttime images demonstrate the superior performance of IHR-Net.
Study of friction stir welding effects on the microstructure & mechanical properties of AA3003 pipes
Authors: Sharma Ashish , Khan Zahid A , Siddiquee Arshad Noor , Arif Mohammad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the present study, similar Aluminum (AA3003) alloy pipes with a thickness of 5 mm were friction stir welded using a high-speed steel (HSS) tool with a cylindrical pin profile. Welding was done at three different rotational speeds and three traverse speeds corresponding to pipes of three different diameters. Six combinations of rotational speed and traverse speed were used to observe the effect of energy input on the properties, specifically tensile strength and microhardness, as well as grain size of the resulting microstructure. This systematic variation in welding parameters was designed to assess how changes in energy input influence both the mechanical performance and microstructural attributes of the welded joints. The tensile test results indicated that an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 84% relative to the base metal was achieved at a rotational speed of 900 rotations per minute(rpm) and a traverse speed of 131.94 mm/min. The impact energy corresponding to these parameters was found to be 38% more than base metal which is a remarkable contribution. This combination of welding parameters facilitated optimal material flow and bonding, resulting in improved tensile properties of the welded joint. Additionally, the tensile results showed a consistent pattern in the tensile failure of the welded samples, where the joint failure occurred at the location with the lowest hardness in the welded region. This correlation highlights the critical influence of hardness distribution on the structural integrity of the welds, indicating that areas with reduced hardness are more prone to failure under tensile loading of FSWed joints.
Probing an amplified spin-orbit torque effect in antiferromagnetic oxide utilizing a magnetoresistance-based loop-shift method
Authors: Tseng Hsiang-Hsuan , Wu Ting-I , Yang Meng-Chi , Hsieh Cheng-Hsun , Wu Yu-Hui , Yang Chao-Yao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Spin transport in antiferromagnets (AFMs) and the resulting spin torque effects have recently aroused significant interest due to their non-trivial physics involving long spin diffusion dynamics and low spin dissipation. Although recent studies have been devoted to focusing on spin transport within AFMs, few have effectively demonstrated the spin torque generated accordingly. This study attempts to correlate spin transport and the associated spin–orbit torque (SOT) effects in a Pt/NiO/CoFeB trilayer with varying NiO thicknesses. The characterization was performed using angle-dependent magnetoresistance (ADMR) measurements and the magnetoresistance (MR)-based loop-shift method in a y-type geometry. It showed varying the NiO thickness in the trilayer allowed tailoring the robustness of NiO to promote the magnon transport through the spin fluctuation dynamics: Inserting an NiO layer of moderate thickness in the trilayer enables enhancing the SOT efficiency by threefold compared to the NiO-free stack. However, further increasing the NiO thickness appeared to reduce the SOT efficiency, as indicated by both ADMR and MR-based loop-shift measurements. The enhanced SOT efficiency quantitatively highlights the significance of AFM oxides for SOT devices together with the issues of spin transport modification, suggesting a pathway to reducing current density to meet low-power consumption SOT device technology.
Parameters identification of magnetorheological damper based on improved grey wolf optimization algorithm
Authors: Li Kangjun , Yang Xiaolong , Li Denghui , Xie Guojin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Parameter identification of the mechanical model of magnetorheological dampers is usually carried out through a combination of optimization algorithms, but there is little research on the impact of the optimization algorithm itself on the identification results. In order to improve the accuracy of parameter identification results, the influence of the parameters of the optimization algorithm itself on the fitting results was investigated in this study, and the optimization algorithm adopted the improved grey wolf algorithm. The effects of different wolf pack numbers and iteration times on recognition results were examined in this study. The various parameters in the mechanical model of magnetorheological dampers are determined utilizing the optimal combination of algorithm parameters. Finally, the validity of the identification results was verified by evaluating the consistency between the identified damping force and the experimental damping force. The results indicate that when the optimal combination is used, the accuracy of parameter identification can be improved.
First-Principles insights into ferromagnetic, optoelectronic and dynamical properties of Eu/Er Co-doped AlGaN
Authors: Belhachi Soufyane , Celestine L. , Rai D P , Goumri-Said Souraya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this thorough investigation, we analyze the complex electronic, magnetic, and structural properties of wurtzite-structured aluminum gallium nitride (Al0.125Ga0.75N) when co-doped with the rare-earth elements erbium and europium. Leveraging a modified LSDA+U approach that adeptly captures the pivotal interactions within the 4f shell, our findings unveil that the co-doped AlGaN exhibits distinct semiconducting behavior. Remarkably, in stark contrast to its pristine Al0.125Ga0.75N counterpart, the co-doped material manifests an indirect band gap whose value is notably reduced. This intriguing phenomenon of ferromagnetism observed in the co-doped system can be attributed to the intricate interplay between the f-p and p-d states, culminating in the formation of hybridized f-p-d orbitals. Our investigation further elucidates the intricate hybridization of various orbitals at the valence band maximum (VBM), including the harmonious fusion of p-d orbitals derived from Eu-5d, Er-5d, and N-2p. Notably, the magnetic moment exhibits a pronounced localization at the Eu and Er sites, attaining substantial values of 5.90 μB and 2.99 μB, respectively. Moreover, our comprehensive exploration encompasses the calculation of the real and imaginary components of the dielectric function, refractive index, and extinction coefficient, spanning an impressive photon energy range of up to 12 eV. Significantly, in the ultraviolet region of the optical spectrum, the imaginary part of the Eu and Er co-doped Al0.125Ga0.75N unveils a pronounced absorption coefficient, a pivotal property with far-reaching implications for optoelectronic applications.&#xD;&#xD;
Shape-controlled Bose–Einstein condensation
Authors: Kurt Cem , Sisman Altug , Aydin Alhun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Size-invariant shape transformation is a geometric technique that allows for a clear separation between quantum size and shape effects by modifying the shape of the confinement domain without altering its size. The impact of shape on the behavior of confined systems is significantly different from that of size, making it an emerging area of research. The recent realization of flat-bottomed optical box traps has further contributed to the study of quantum gases in complex confinement geometries. Here, we propose shape-induced Bose–Einstein condensation at a fixed size, temperature, and density. We investigate the impact of pure quantum shape effects on a non-interacting Bose gas confined within nested square domains, where the shape parameter is defined and controlled by the rotation angle between the inner and outer squares. Our findings reveal that specific heat exhibits an additional low-temperature peak at certain shapes. This work opens new avenues for controlling quantum systems through geometric manipulation and provides insights into the thermodynamic properties of Bose gases under shape-induced quantum effects.
The Electronic Structure, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and V Doped Bi2WO6 in the Visible Light Region
Authors: Tian Yilong , Xiao Qingquan , Xie Quan , Zhu Yao , Ye Jianfeng , Lu Shengshang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The elastic and mechanical properties of intrinsic Bi2WO6 semiconductors, along with the electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of Cu-, Fe-, Mn-, Ni-, and V-doped Bi2WO6 at a uniform doping concentration of 6.25%, are studied using density functional theory (GGA+U). The study shows that intrinsic Bi2WO6 semiconductors exhibit good mechanical stability, anisotropy, and mixed ionic-covalent characteristics (Poisson's ratio ν = 0.17), classifying them as brittle oxide materials (B/G ≈ 0.8). Compared to intrinsic Bi2WO6, the doped Bi2WO6 exhibits a narrower bandgap, a broader absorption spectrum, and higher optical sensitivity. Their optical properties in the visible light range surpass those of intrinsic Bi2WO6, making them more promising for use as semiconductor catalysts. Notably, Cu- and V-doped Bi2WO6 exhibit higher absorption coefficients in the visible light region compared to other element-doped Bi2WO6, with a broader absorption spectrum and more pronounced photocatalytic effects. Furthermore, Cu-, Fe-, Mn-, Ni-, and V-doped Bi2WO6materials exhibit characteristics of diluted magnetic semiconductors, The total magnetic moments are 1.793 μB (Bi1.9375Cu0.0625WO6), 3.086 μB (Bi1.9375Fe0.0625WO6), 3.823 μB (Bi1.9375Mn0.0625WO6), 1.257 μB (Bi1.9375Ni0.0625WO6), and 1.859 μB (Bi1.9375V0.0625WO6). Bi1.9375Mn0.0625WO6 exhibits ferromagnetic ordering, while Bi1.9375Cu0.0625WO6, Bi1.9375Fe0.0625WO6, Bi1.9375Ni0.0625WO6, and Bi1.9375V0.0625WO6 exhibit Ferrimagnetic ordering. Compared to other element-doped Bi2WO6, Bi1.9375Mn0.0625WO6 shows a larger energy difference between the FM and NM ordering states(ΔE = 18.510 eV), demonstrating stronger magnetic ordering than Cu-, Fe-, Ni-, and V-doped Bi2WO6，and these materials hold potential for application in electronic spin-polarized devices.
Algebraic language for the efficient representation and optimization of quantum circuits
Authors: Escanez-Exposito Daniel , Caballero-Gil Pino , Rodriguez-Vega Marcos , Costa-Cano Francisco , Sáenz-de-Cabezón Eduardo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The use of graphical language in quantum computing for the representation of algorithms, although intuitive, is not very useful for different tasks such as the description of quantum circuits in text environments, the calculation of quantum states or the optimization of quantum circuits. While classical circuits can be represented either by circuit graphs or by Boolean expressions, quantum circuits have until now predominantly been illustrated as circuit graphs because no formal language for quantum circuits that allows algebraic manipulations has so far been accepted. This work proposes a means to represent quantum circuits in a convenient and concise manner, similar to the way Boolean expressions are used in classical circuits. The proposed notation allows the consistent and parameterized description of quantum algorithms, as well as the easy handling of the elements that compose it to achieve powerful optimizations in the number of gates of the circuits. To visualize it, a software implementation of an algebraic quantum circuit framework has been made, which allows describing quantum circuits, as well as their respective state vectors, using the proposed algebraic language.
Erbium doped P2O5-BiF3-MgO-ZnO-KF glasses for green laser applications
Authors: Jamalaiah B C , Rao K Venkata , Sagar S Vidya , Balanarayana C , Srihari N V , Khan P Shahab 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A series of oxyfluorophosphate glasses with the composition (60-x) P2O5 + 10 BiF3 +10 MgO + 10 ZnO + 10 KF + xEr2O3 (0 ≤ x ≥ 2.0 mol%) were prepared using conventional melt quenching method. The amorphous phase of studied glass samples was examined through powder x-ray diffraction. The optical properties were determined using UV–vis-NIR absorption, photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra. The radiative properties were determined using Judd–Ofelt and Fuchtbauer-Ladenburg theories. The optimal Er3+ doping concentration for efficient emission was determined by analysing the emission spectra under 377 nm excitation. The emission spectra of studied glasses exhibited characteristic emission bands of Er3+ ions corresponding to the 2H11/2 → 4I15/2 (529 nm), 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 (545 nm) and 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 (684 nm) transitions. At higher Er3+ doping levels, the emission bands shift towards longer wavelengths showing a red shift. Upon 980 nm excitation for upconversion, the Er3+ ions emitted intense green luminescence through the 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 (545 nm) transition. The applicability of studied glasses for the fabrication of green laser sources was discussed. The glass system containing 0.5 mol% of Er3+ ions was identified to be the optimal choice for designing green laser sources.
Static voltage bilayer optimization for distribution networks based on Sobol’ method
Authors: Liu Zifa , Huai Heyang , Yao Yusen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In active distribution networks, the uncertainty of a large number of distributed power sources makes the voltage stability problem of distribution networks more and more prominent. The existing optimization methods tend to deal with the economy and voltage stability of distribution networks as independent objectives, with less consideration of their connection, making it difficult to realize the efficient use of flexible resources. The paper introduces upper and lower connection factors and proposes a two-layer optimization model for distribution network voltage using the Sobol’ method. First, taking into account the uncertainty of distributed power sources and loads in active distribution networks, a probabilistic tidal current calculation model for active distribution networks is constructed, based on which the impact of load fluctuations on the L index is quantitatively analyzed by the global sensitivity of the Sobol’ method. Secondly, the upper and lower connection factors are calculated based on the sensitivity analysis results. The upper economic objective and the lower stability objective are connected through the connection factors to establish a two-layer optimization model to solve the flexible resources in the system optimally. Finally, simulations on the modified IEEE33 node system validate that the proposed optimization model enhances distribution network security while considering economic factors.
Electrochemical immunoassay for gastric cancer biomarker pepsinogen I detection based on PdAgPt/MoS2
Authors: He Chunsheng , Qiu Zhisong , Jin Feng , Weng Lifang , Chen Libin , Wang Lijuan , Jiang Sicong , Shi Jin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study presents a novel electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of pepsinogen I, a potential biomarker for gastric cancer, based on a unique PdAgPt/MoS2 nanocomposite. The key innovation lies in the synergistic combination of trimetallic PdAgPt nanoparticles with MoS2 nanoflowers, which has not been previously reported for pepsinogen I detection. This hybrid material demonstrates exceptional electron transfer properties and a significantly larger electroactive surface area compared to conventional materials. The optimized immunosensor exhibits superior performance metrics: a wide linear range of 0.5–200 ng ml−1 and an unprecedented low detection limit of 0.173 ng ml−1, surpassing existing detection methods. The sensor shows remarkable selectivity with interfering substances exhibiting relative responses below 5%, excellent reproducibility (RSD 3.8%), and outstanding stability (95.6% retention after 30 d). Analysis of spiked serum samples resulted in recoveries ranging from 96.8% to 104.5%, demonstrating the sensor’s practical applicability for early gastric cancer screening. This work represents a significant advancement in developing rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective diagnostic tools for gastric cancer surveillance.
Expert views on carbon pricing in the developing world*
Authors: Lerner Michael , Genovese Federica , Gard-Murray Alexander , Biedenkopf Katja , Kyriakopoulou Danae , Olarte-Peña Andrés , Okullo Samuel J , Castro Marcos , Gadde Harikumar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dozens of governments across the developing world have adopted or are actively considering a variety of carbon pricing policies, but why policymakers prefer some policy designs over others remains uncertain. We argue that expert assessments of carbon pricing primarily center on economic efficiency and distributional concerns, which in turn influence perceptions of technical efficacy and political feasibility. Leveraging a unique conjoint experiment with carbon pricing experts in developing countries, we examine how aspects of policy design influence effectiveness and feasibility, as well as how experts weigh these factors against each other. Design choices that alter the costs and benefits of carbon pricing affect perceptions of the policy’s effectiveness and feasibility, often in opposing directions. Experts are split over which goal is more important overall, preferring political feasibility when distributing costs but weighing effectiveness and feasibility similarly when distributing benefits. Our findings highlight the challenge of balancing the ambition and political risk of pricing carbon in a developing country context.
Signature investigation of misaligned jet in Pelton turbines due to flow obstruction in nozzle
Authors: Chitrakar Sailesh , Prasad Neopane Hari 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a part of the research works related to early stage fault detection and diagnosis of hydraulic turbines. The research works are currently focused on creating a database of the distinctive signals of the faults in the turbine through CFD investigations. The faults in the turbine are induced based on experience and literature review of the common sediment erosion patterns. In the case of Pelton turbines, erosion in the needle with ripple and groove shapes and wavy scales on the buckets are found to be the most common erosion patterns. This paper focuses on asymmetrical erosion patterns of buckets and the needle caused due to flow obstruction in nozzle and consequent misalignment of the jet. The partial blockage for CFD is modelled as a sector of an annulus distributed around the needle. Velocity, pressure, output torque and erosion rates on the needle and buckets are studied. By integrating the trend analysis with machine learning techniques, a real-time condition monitoring tool and procedure can be developed. Since a predictive maintenance of the turbines can be implemented, the outcomes of these research works can have a commercial value for sediment affected power plants globally.
Broad spectrum quality assessment of flow simulations in Pelton turbine runners
Authors: Andolfatto L , Rentschler M , Gervais N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The presented work lists quantities of interest that are expected from Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations over the course of a Pelton runner design. It covers a broad spectrum of heterogeneous quantities, from simple scalar values such as hydraulic efficiency of the runner to time-dependent multi-dimensional data such as the evolution of the water distribution at the outlet of the runner over a jet passing cycle.
A method is proposed to perform comparison between simulation results and a set of reference experimental results. The approaches selected to quantify agreement between experimental data and simulation results are explained. Finally, the result of the presented work offers a tool evaluating key performance indicators to quantify the discrepancy between simulation results and actual physical behaviour of the turbine. It aims at helping users of numerical simulations to select the most appropriate simulation configuration either for a given application addressing a limited amount of quantities of interest or when they are interested in the best compromise to predict several characteristics of the flow in a Pelton turbine.