bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuftelin‐derived peptide facilitates remineralization of initial enamel caries in vitro
Authors: Ding Longjiang , Han Sili , Peng Xiu , Wang Kun , Zheng Sainan , Li Haoran , Niu Yumei , Li Wei , Zhang Linglin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith the gradual discovery of functional domains in natural proteins, several biologically inspired peptides have been designed for use as biomaterials for hard tissue regeneration and repair. In this study, we designed a tuftelin‐derived peptide (TDP) and tested its effects on hydroxyapatite crystallization and remineralization of initial enamel carious lesions in vitro. Using circular dichroism spectroscopy, we found that TDP contained 36.1% β‐sheets and β‐turns, which could be influenced by calcium ions. We verified the ability of TDP to crystallize hydroxyapatite using transmission electron microscopy and its ability to bind to the enamel surface and hydroxyapatite using confocal laser scanning microscopy and Langmuir adsorption isotherms (K = 881.56, N = 1.41 × 10−5). Artificial enamel lesions were generated on human enamel blocks and subjected to a 12‐day pH cycling model and were treated with 25 μM TDP, 1 g/L sodium fluoride (NaF), or deionized water. We analyzed the results of remineralization by surface microhardness testing, polarized light microscopy, and transverse microradiography. The TDP group showed significantly higher surface microhardness recovery (49.21 ± 1.66%), shallower lesions (34.89 ± 4.05 μm), and less mineral loss (871.33 ± 81.49 vol%·μm) after pH cycling than the deionized water group (p < .05). There were no significant differences between the TDP and NaF groups. Our experiment indicated that TDP could regulate hydroxyapatite crystallization and promote remineralization of enamel caries in vitro.
Profiles of ethnic‐racial socialization from family, school, neighborhood, and the Internet: Relations to adolescent outcomes
Authors: Byrd Christy M. , Ahn Lydia HaRim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGiven that ecological models of development highlight the interacting influences of multiple environments, further research is needed that explores ethnic‐racial socialization from multiple contexts. The current study explores how families, schools, neighborhoods, and the Internet jointly impact academic outcomes, critical consciousness, and psychological well‐being in adolescents, both through socialization messages and experiences with racial discrimination. The research questions were: (a) What profiles of multiple contexts of socialization exist? and (b) How are the different profiles associated with academic outcomes, critical consciousness, and psychological well‐being? The sample consisted of 1,084 U.S. adolescents aged 13–17 (M = 14.99,SD = 1.37; 49% girls) from four ethnic‐racial groups: 25.6% Asian American, 26.3% Black/African American, 25.3% Latinx, and 22.9% White. The participants completed online surveys of socialization and discrimination from four contexts and three types of outcomes: academic outcomes, critical consciousness, and well‐being. A latent profile analysis revealed three profiles: Average, High Discrimination, and Positive School. The Positive School class had the most positive academic outcomes and well‐being. The High Discrimination class reported the highest critical consciousness. Their academic outcomes and well‐being were similar to the Average group. The findings support complexity in perceptions of socialization from different contexts and the associations of socialization with youth outcomes.
Changes of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines during ravidasvir plus ritonavir‐boosted danoprevir and ribavirin therapy for patients with genotype 1b hepatitis C infection
Authors: Xiao Lanlan , Wu Xiaoxin , Zhang Fen , Wang Jie , Xu Xiaowei , Li Lanjuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the safety and efficacy of ravidasvir (RDV) plus ritonavir‐boosted danoprevir (DNVr) and ribavirin (RBV) regimens for treatment‐naïve non‐cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b in mainland China. We also gained insight into HCV‐host interactions during anti‐HCV treatment. 16 patients with HCV and 10 healthy people enrolled the study. Three of 16 patients received 12‐weeks' placebo treatment first and served as the placebo controls. All (n = 16) patients received 12‐weeks' RDV plus DNVr and RBV treatment. The adverse effects (AEs), viral loads, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase were recorded during study. We also performed multianalyte profiling of 48 cytokines/chemokines in 16 patients with HCV and 10 normal controls. Seventy‐five percent patients treated with RDV plus DNVr and RBV experienced AEs. No death, treatment‐related serious AEs or AEs leading to discontinuation were reported. The serum HCV‐RNA levels remained extremely high in 3 placebo controls after treated with placebo. After RDV plus DNVr and RBV treatment, all patients achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) at posttreatment week 12, but 1 patient experienced viral relapse at SVR 24. The cytokine/chemokine expression pattern was markedly altered in patients with HCV as compared with healthy controls. The interferon‐inducible protein‐10 (IP‐10) decreased after anti‐HCV treatment, and dramatically increased in one patient with viral relapse. The regimen of RDV and DNVr plus RBV represents a highly safe and effective treatment option for HCV patients in mainland China. The IP‐10 has the potential to be an indicator of innate immune viral recognition.
Dual contrast in computed tomography allows earlier characterization of articular cartilage over single contrast
Authors: Bhattarai Abhisek , Pouran Behdad , Mäkelä Janne T. A. , Shaikh Rubina , Honkanen Miitu K. M. , Prakash Mithilesh , Kröger Heikki , Grinstaff Mark W. , Weinans Harrie , Jurvelin Jukka S. , Töyräs Juha 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCationic computed tomography contrast agents are more sensitive for detecting cartilage degeneration than anionic or non‐ionic agents. However, osteoarthritis‐related loss of proteoglycans and increase in water content contrarily affect the diffusion of cationic contrast agents, limiting their sensitivity. The quantitative dual‐energy computed tomography technique allows the simultaneous determination of the partitions of iodine‐based cationic (CA4+) and gadolinium‐based non‐ionic (gadoteridol) agents in cartilage at diffusion equilibrium. Normalizing the cationic agent partition at diffusion equilibrium with that of the non‐ionic agent improves diagnostic sensitivity. We hypothesize that this sensitivity improvement is also prominent during early diffusion time points and that the technique is applicable during contrast agent diffusion. To investigate the validity of this hypothesis, osteochondral plugs (d = 8 mm, N = 33), extracted from human cadaver (n = 4) knee joints, were immersed in a contrast agent bath (a mixture of CA4+ and gadoteridol) and imaged using the technique at multiple time points until diffusion equilibrium. Biomechanical testing and histological analysis were conducted for reference. Quantitative dual‐energy computed tomography technique enabled earlier determination of cartilage proteoglycan content over single contrast. The correlation coefficient between human articular cartilage proteoglycan content and CA4+ partition increased with the contrast agent diffusion time. Gadoteridol normalized CA4+ partition correlated significantly (P < .05) with Mankin score at all time points and with proteoglycan content after 4 hours. The technique is applicable during diffusion, and normalization with gadoteridol partition improves the sensitivity of the CA4+ contrast agent.
Conditional survival analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shah Mihir M. , Meyer Benjamin I. , Rhee Kevin , NeMoyer Rachel E. , Lin Yong , Tzeng Ching‐Wei D. , Jabbour Salma K. , Kennedy Timothy J. , Nosher John L. , Kooby David A. , Maithel Shishir K. , Carpizo Darren R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide with an approximate 5‐year survival of greater than 50% in patients after surgical resection. Survival estimates have limited utility for patients who have survived several years after initial treatment. We analyzed how conditional survival (CS) after curative‐intent surgery for HCC predicts survival estimates over time.MethodsNCDB (2004‐2014) was queried for patients undergoing definitive surgical resection for HCC. Cumulative overall survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier method, and CS at x years after diagnosis was calculated as CS1 = OS (X+5)/OS(X).ResultsThe final analysis encompassed 11 357 patients. Age, negative margin status, grade severity and radiation before surgery were statistically significant predictors of cumulative overall conditional survival (P ≤ .0001). Overall unconditional 5‐year survival was 65.7%, but CS estimates were higher. A patient who has already survived 3 years has an additional 2‐year, or 5‐year CS, estimate of 86.96%.ConclusionSurvival estimates following hepatic resection in HCC patients change according to survival time accrued since surgery. CS estimates are improved relative to unconditional OS. The impact of different variables influencing OS is likewise nonlinear over the course of time after surgery.
Photobiomodulation‐Induced Differentiation of Immortalized Adipose Stem Cells to Neuronal Cells
Authors: George Sajan , Hamblin Michael R. , Abrahamse Heidi 
Published: June 2020

Background and ObjectivesTransdermal differentiation of human adipose stem cells (ASCs) to other cell types is still a challenge in regenerative medicine. Studies using primary ASCs are also limited as they may undergo replicative senescence during repeated passages in vitro. However, ASCs immortalized (iASCs) with human telomerase enzyme expressing plasmid exhibits a uniform population suitable for differentiation in vitro. A right combination of biological and physical stimuli may induce transdermal differentiation of iASCs into neurons in vitro.Study Design/Materials and MethodsiASCs were differentiated to free‐floating neural stem cell aggregates (neurospheres) using a combination of growth inducers. Cells in these spheres were induced to differentiate into neurons using low‐intensity lasers by a process called photobiomodulation (PBM).ResultsLaser at the near infrared (NIR) wavelength 825 nm and fluences 5, 10, and 15 J/cm2 was capable of increasing the differentiation of neurospheres to neurons. Precisely, there was a statistically significant increase in the early neuronal marker at 5 J/cm2 and a much appreciable increase at 15 J/cm2 in correlation with the biphasic dose response of PBM. However, these differentiated cells failed to express late neuronal markers in vitro. Comparison of these differentiating iASCs with the primary ASCs revealed a sharp distinction between the metabolic processes of the primary ASCs, neurospheres, and newly differentiated neurons.ConclusionWe found that PBM increased the yield of neurons and effected stem cell differentiation through modulation of cellular metabolism and redox status. Our study also identifies that iASCs are an excellent model for analysis of stem cell biology and for performing transdermal differentiation.SignificanceThis study demonstrates that a combination of biological and physical inducers can advance the differentiation of adipose stem cells to neurons. We were able to establish the optimal energy for the neuronal differentiation of iASCs in vitro. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Black Bass Growth Patterns in Relation to Hydrology in the Arkansas River, Arkansas
Authors: Eggleton Michael A. , Peacock Clint R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hydrology has been documented as affecting the recruitment of sport fishes. However, the potential cumulative effects of river hydrology on fish growth have not been intensively studied. In 2004, 2005, and 2010, annual growth increments were measured for Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides and Spotted Bass M. punctulatus populations from throughout the Arkansas portion of the Arkansas River. During three consecutive years (2007–2009), the lower Arkansas River experienced long durations of high water. Mean annual flows exceeded the 42-year average by 52%, with summer flows averaging 107% above normal and 29% of the days annually exceeding 2,830 m3/s. Using age-1–6 cohorts, we compared Largemouth Bass (n = 2,155) and Spotted Bass (n = 833) growth increments across hydrologic conditions occurring during the growth years experienced by these fish. Two-way ANOVAs using back-calculated age and growth year warm-season hydrology (classified as high, average, or low flow based on quartiles from historical April–September hydrographs) as main effects suggested significant hydrologic effects on the growth of both black bass species. A significant interaction between back-calculated age and growth year April–September hydrology for both black basses further suggested that flow affected growth differently across ages, with decreased annual growth increments detected for the age-1–3 cohorts. Decreased annual growth occurring during 2007–2009 also was consistent with a 0.5-year increase in the age at which Largemouth Bass attained 381 mm TL (i.e., the minimum length required for legal harvest) in 2010. Similarly, Spotted Bass required an extra 0.9 year to attain 304 mm TL (i.e., a common minimum length limit). Results suggested that the typically beneficial effects of high-flow years on black bass populations in large-river–floodplain systems may be dampened or non-existent in more highly regulated, impounded river systems, such as the modern-day Arkansas River.
Technology‐based management of neurourology patients in the COVID‐19 pandemic: Is this the future? A report from the International Continence Society (ICS) institute
Authors: Huri Emre , Hamid Rizwan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic significantly altered our daily life as well as our professional practice. COVID‐19 has disrupted our lives both professionally and personally. We know the urological management in a neurogenic patient needs to be tailored to the individual circumstances, this is even more pertinent during these uncertain times. International Continence Society is the premier international organization in functional urology. Lately, it has established an institute to facilitate teaching and training opportunities all over the world. The School of Neurourology teamed with the School of Modern Technology and set up a Webinar—“How to manage the neuro‐urological patients in the current pandemic.” This was set up as a case‐based discussion to deliberate the management of our patients in the present climate and examine the role of modern technology in overcoming the current barriers.
Improved methods to compare distance metrics in networks using uniform random spanning trees (DIMECOST)
Authors: Bourbour Sara , Mehta Dinesh P. , Navidi William C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe consider the network analytics problem of comparing two distance metrics on the same set of n entities. The classical solution to this problem is the Mantel test, which uses permutation testing to accept or reject the null hypothesis that there is “no relationship between the two metrics.” Its computational complexity is n2 times the number of permutations (based on a user supplied parameter). This work makes two contributions: (1) DIMECOSTP, a more efficient hypothesis test based on uniform random spanning trees whose complexity is n times the number of permutations. (2) DIMECOSTCC, which uses the correlation coefficient between the two sets of edge weights in a random spanning tree as an indication of the strength of the relationship between the two distance metrics. Both methods utilize sound statistical principles. Experimental results confirm the efficacy of our methods.
An integrated assessment of the ADME properties of the CDK4/6 Inhibitor ribociclib utilizing preclinical in vitro, in vivo, and human ADME data
Authors: James Alexander D. , Schiller Hilmar , Marvalin Cyrille , Jin Yi , Borell Hubert , Roffel Ad F. , Glaenzel Ulrike , Ji Yan , Camenisch Gian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRibociclib (LEE011, Kisqali ®) is a highly selective small molecule inhibitor of cyclin‐dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), which has been approved for the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer. A human ADME study was conducted in healthy male volunteers following a single oral dose of 600 mg [14C]‐ribociclib. Mass balance, blood and plasma radioactivity, and plasma ribociclib concentrations were measured. Metabolite profiling and identification was conducted in plasma, urine, and feces. An assessment integrating the human ADME results with relevant in vitro and in vivo non‐clinical data was conducted to provide an estimate of the relative contributions of various clearance pathways of the compound. Ribociclib is moderately to highly absorbed across species (approx. 59% in human), and is extensively metabolized in vivo, predominantly by oxidative pathways mediated by CYP3A4 (ultimately forming N‐demethylated metabolite M4) and, to a lesser extent, by FMO3 (N‐hydroxylated metabolite M13). It is extensively distributed in rats, based on QWBA data, and is eliminated rapidly from most tissues with the exception of melanin‐containing structures. Ribociclib passed the placental barrier in rats and rabbits and into milk of lactating rats. In human, 69.1% and 22.6% of the radiolabeled dose were excreted in feces and urine, respectively, with 17.3% and 6.75% of the 14C dose attributable to ribociclib, respectively. The remainder was attributed to numerous metabolites. Taking into account all available data, ribociclib is estimated to be eliminated by hepatic metabolism (approx. 84% of total), renal excretion (7%), intestinal excretion (8%), and biliary elimination (1%).
Bio‐actives of betel leaf (Piper betle L.): A comprehensive review on extraction, isolation, characterization, and biological activity
Authors: Madhumita Mitali , Guha Proshanta , Nag Ahnidra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPiper betle L., belonging to Piperaceae family, known as a traditional herbal medicinal plant and used for several health benefits in Asian countries. Currently, demand for its products such as herbal drugs, medicines, and natural herbal formulations has increased. The beneficial effects of betel leaves and its products have traditionally exploited for the treatment of several diseases like bad breath, cuts, injuries, inflammations, cold cough, indigestion, etc. Till now, a broad range of bioactive compounds including polyphenols, terpenes, etc., has been identified from the extracts and essential oil (EO) of betel leaves. The structural and functional characterization of the extract and EO bio‐actives has been derived by various advanced standard methods. Most of the health‐related benefits of betel leaves have been associated with their bioactive phenolic compounds. The extract of this highly perishable product can be used in organic synthesis, food, and beverage industry, pharmaceuticals, etc., to the environmental issues. The present review provides information on extraction techniques, identification of bioactive compounds, and their biological activities. That apart, information on processing, preservation, and health benefits along with their mechanisms has also been added.
Output feedback regulation of a class of high‐order feedforward nonlinear systems with unknown time‐varying delay in the input under measurement sensitivity
Authors: Koo Min‐Sung , Choi Ho‐Lim 
Published: June 2020

SummaryAn output feedback regulation problem is considered for a class of high‐order feedforward nonlinear systems with delay in the input under measurement sensitivity. The key features are that the considered systems have uncertain high‐order feedforward nonlinearity and unknown time‐varying delay in the input. Then, the controller is supposed to be engaged where the output feedback information is distorted by measurement sensitivity. Our proposed controller has two gains—fixed and adaptive gains. The fixed gain is first designed to compensate for measurement sensitivity, and the adaptive gain is next utilized to dominate both unknown input delay and uncertain high‐order feedforward nonlinearity. Simulation examples are given to highlight the advantage of our control scheme.
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is critical for regenerative potential of distal lung epithelial progenitor cells in homeostasis and emphysema
Authors: Hu Yan , Ng-Blichfeldt John-Poul , Ota Chiharu , Ciminieri Chiara , Ren Wenhua , Hiemstra Pieter S. , Stolk Jan , Gosens Reinoud , Königshoff Melanie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates progenitor cell fate decisions during lung development and in various adult tissues. Ectopic activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes tissue repair in emphysema, a devastating lung disease with progressive loss of parenchymal lung tissue. The identity of Wnt/β-catenin responsive progenitor cells and the potential impact of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on adult distal lung epithelial progenitor cell function in emphysema are poorly understood. Here, we used TCF/Lef:H2B/GFP reporter mice to investigate the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in lung organoid formation. We identified an organoid-forming adult distal lung epithelial progenitor cell population characterized by a low Wnt/β-catenin activity, which was enriched in club and alveolar epithelial type (AT)II cells. Endogenous Wnt/β-catenin activity was required for the initiation of multiple subtypes of distal lung organoids derived from the Wntlow epithelial progenitors. Further ectopic Wnt/β-catenin activation specifically led to an increase in alveolar organoid number; however, the subsequent proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells in the organoids did not require constitutive Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Distal lung epithelial progenitor cells derived from the mouse model of elastase-induced emphysema exhibited reduced organoid forming capacity. This was rescued by Wnt/β-catenin signal activation, which largely increased the number of alveolar organoids. Together, our study reveals a novel mechanism of lung epithelial progenitor cell activation in homeostasis and emphysema.
Stem cell homing: From physiology to therapeutics
Authors: Liesveld Jane L. , Sharma Naman , Aljitawi Omar S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStem cell homing is a multistep endogenous physiologic process that is also used by exogenously administered hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). This multistep process involves cell migration and is essential for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The process can be manipulated to enhance ultimate engraftment potential, and understanding stem cell homing is also important to the understanding of stem cell mobilization. Homing is also of potential importance in the recruitment of marrow mesenchymal stem and stromal cells (MSCs) to sites of injury and regeneration. This process is less understood but assumes importance when these cells are used for repair purposes. In this review, the process of HSPC and MSC homing is examined, as are methods to enhance this process.