bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on social behavior in female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) depend on male breeding season introductions
Authors: Young Leigh Anna , Bloomsmith Mollie A. , Remillard Caren M. , Bailey Kelly L. , Michopoulos Vasiliki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is used commonly as a contraceptive in women and female non‐human primates, its effects on social behavior remain unclear. This study examined whether MPA treatment and introduction of new adult males during the breeding season influence the social behaviors of group‐housed adult female rhesus macaques.MethodsSubjects were 12 MPA‐treated and 12 matched case‐control females. Aggressive, affiliative, and sexual behaviors were measured.ResultsMPA‐treated females showed less affiliative and sexual behavior compared to matched controls during the breeding season. MPA treatment was associated with decreased aggression emitted toward and received from females during the breeding season.ConclusionMPA treatment is associated with differences in social behavior of female rhesus macaques during the breeding season, when normal hormonal cycles are attenuated by the treatment, but there is no indication that MPA‐treated females bring an additional risk for more aggression during the male introduction and breeding season.
Item and scale properties of the Oral Health Literacy Adults Questionnaire assessed by item response theory
Authors: Pattanaik Swaha , John Mike T. , Kohli Nidhi , Davison Mark L. , Chung Seungwon , Self Karl , Naik Amruta , Flynn Priscilla M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesa) To evaluate the item and scale properties of the Oral Health Literacy Adults Questionnaire (OHL‐AQ) in an adult general population. b) To determine precision or accuracy of the respondents' estimated scores along the Oral Health Literacy (OHL) spectrum using item response theory (IRT) modeling.MethodsSurvey data were collected from a convenience sample of 405 adult attendees of the 2014 Minnesota State Fair. We used the two‐parameter logistic (2PL) model for the item response theory (IRT) analyses of OHL‐AQ data and calibrated items to estimate model‐based item difficulty and discrimination parameters. Item and scale properties were also assessed by plotting and interpreting item characteristic curves (ICCs), test characteristic curve (TCC), and test information function (TIF).ResultsBased on interpretation of model coefficients, statistical testing, and model fit criteria, we deemed the 2PL model superior and selected this model to examine item and scale properties. Scale reliability was shown to be good through the test information function (TIF). TIF from our analysis showed that higher levels of OHL were measured less precisely than lower levels of OHL.ConclusionWe demonstrated OHL‐AQ as a whole has promising psychometric properties. However, for equiprecise measurement across the scale range, the scale needs more items for measuring higher levels of OHL.
Longitudinal Study of Mild Delinquency and In‐School Problem Behaviors During Junior High School1
Authors: Obokata Akiko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis research investigates repetitive problem behavior (in‐school problems and mild delinquency) in Japanese junior high school students from their first to third year (12–15 years old) and examines the risk factors for repetitive problem behavior among parent–child relationships, school, individual, and lifestyle factors. An analysis of the longitudinal data of 470 students (Data Set 1) found that repeated problem behavior in school was affected by low self‐control, poor relationships with teachers, and lack of parental monitoring. Repeated mild delinquent behavior was affected by parental violence, poor relationships with mothers, less sleep duration, and not belonging to club activities. Some students exhibited both mild delinquency and in‐school problems. Students who experienced problem behavior 10 times or more in their second year had often experienced some problem behavior (1–9 times) in their first year. Analysis of the longitudinal data of 368 students (Data Set 2) showed that in many cases, students who exhibited repeated delinquent behavior in their second year continued to exhibit problem behavior after they became third‐year students. Though the number of students with repetitive mild delinquency that was totally remedied in their third year was small, a low incidence of parental violence was seen as an antecedent factor for students who did not commit mild delinquency in their third year in spite of a high frequency of delinquency in their second year.
Corallinapetrales and Corallinapetraceae: A new order and family of coralline red algae including Corallinapetra gabrielii comb. nov.
Authors: Jeong So Young , Nelson Wendy A. , Sutherland Judith E. , Peña Viviana , Le Gall Line , Diaz‐Pulido Guillermo , Won Boo Yeon , Cho Tae Oh 
Published: December 2020

The coralline algal genus Corallinapetra is currently monospecific and was established on the species Corallinapetra novaezelandiae, known from a single collection from north‐eastern New Zealand. On the basis of multi‐gene phylogenetic analyses, Corallinapetra has been resolved apart from all currently recognized families and orders within the Corallinophycidae. We analyzed DNA sequence data from the holotype of Lithothamnion gabrielii, which has been considered a heterotypic synonym of L. muelleri, and an unidentified sample collected from Stewart Island in New Zealand, using psbA, rbcL, and COI‐5P genes. We also observed detailed morpho‐anatomical characters with light and scanning electron microscopy. Our phylogenetic analyses showed that L. gabrielii and the sample from New Zealand belonged to the same clade as Corallinapetra, distinct from other families and orders in the Corallinophycidae. Members of this clade are distinguishable from other families and orders in the Corallinophycidae by possessing sporangia that are surrounded by remnant sterile filaments that are weakly calcified in mature multiporate sporangial conceptacles that produce zonately divided tetrasporangia. Therefore, we propose that Corallinapetra be placed in its own family, Corallinapetraceae and order, Corallinapetrales, and that L. gabrielii should be assigned to Corallinapetra, as C. gabrielii, to reflect their phylogenetic relationships. We also obtained a partial rbcL sequence data from the lectotype of L. muelleri, the generitype of Lithothamnion. Comparison of the L. muelleri type sequence with L. gabrielii unambiguously demonstrated that these two species are not conspecific, and confirm the placement of L. muelleri within the Hapalidiales.
Mechanisms involved in regulation of periodontal ligament cell production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines: Implications in periodontitis
Authors: Nilsson Bengt‐Olof 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is well recognized that human periodontal ligament cells (PDL cells) may represent local immune cells of the periodontal tissues. However, it is unclear whether they represent “true” immune cells, since they can produce pro‐inflammatory cytokines not only after stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharides but also in response to other stimuli such as mechanical stress. Stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharides strongly enhances PDL cell production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines through activation of toll‐like receptors and NF‐κB signaling. Less information is available regarding putative modulators of cytokine production and their mechanisms of action in PDL cells. The anti‐inflammatory glucocorticoid dexamethasone reduces lipopolysaccharide‐induced PDL cell production of cytokines. Recent observations show that vitamin D and the antimicrobial peptide LL‐37 antagonize lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated PDL cell production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is endogenously expressed by PDL cells, and this protein negatively regulates PDL cell‐evoked cytokine production. More information and knowledge about the regulation of PDL cell production of cytokines may clarify the role of PDL cells in oral innate immunity and their importance in periodontitis.
Transfusion transmissible pathogens are prevalent in healthy cats eligible to become blood donors
Authors: Mesa‐Sanchez I. , Ferreira R. R. F. , Cardoso I. , Morais M. , Flamínio M. , Vieira S. , de Gopegui R. R. , de Matos A. J. F. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesThis study aims to determine the prevalence of subclinical infectious agents considered core pathogens for worldwide screening in healthy, client‐owned, indoor cats eligible to become blood donors in Spain and Portugal.Materials and MethodsBlood samples of healthy, indoor, domestic cats selected to be potential blood donors were tested for feline leukaemia virus antigens, feline immunodeficiency virus antibodies and polymerase chain reactions forMycoplasma haemofelis,Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum,Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis, feline leukaemia virus provirus,Leishmaniaspp. andBartonellaspp. Not all donors were tested for all agents.ResultsOverall, 5105 healthy indoor cats were tested and 8.1% (414/5105) had at least one subclinical infectious agent that is transmissible through blood product transfusion. 1.5% (77/5105) were positive for feline leukaemia virus antigens and 2.9% (148/5105) were positive for feline immunodeficiency virus antibodies, therefore they were excluded as donors. The overall prevalence of haemoplasmas in feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus SNAP‐negative feline blood donors was 3.7% (181/4880) [1.3% (63/4880) were positive forMycoplasma haemofelis; 2.3% (112/4880) toCandidatus Mycoplasma haemominutumand 0.12% (6/4880) toCandidatus Mycoplasma turicensis]. The prevalence of feline leukaemia provirus was 5.2% (9/173) and ofBartonellaspp.was 0.2% (2/1122). None of the 173 cats were positive forLeishmaniaspp.Clinical SignificanceThe prevalence of many transfusion transmissible pathogens was relatively high in this healthy, client‐owned, indoor cats eligible to become blood donors. Performing an extended screening panel that includes at least polymerase chain reactions forMycoplasma haemofelis,Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum,Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis, feline leukaemia virus provirus, andBartonellaspp., in addition to feline leukaemia virus antigens and feline immunodeficiency virus antibodies, is recommended in pet blood banks from analogous regions.
Does Religious Affiliation Protect People's Well‐Being? Evidence from the Great Recession after Correcting for Selection Effects
Authors: Makridis Christos A. , Johnson Byron , Koenig Harold G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of religious affiliation on individual well‐being. Using Gallup's U.S. Daily Poll between 2008 and 2017, we find that those who are engaged in their local church and view their faith as important to their lives have not only higher levels of subjective well‐being, but also acyclical levels. We show that the acyclicality of subjective well‐being among Christians is not driven by selection effects or the presence of greater social capital, but rather a sense of purpose over the business cycle independent of financial circumstances.
Development and validation of a hepatitis B‐specific health‐related quality‐of‐life instrument: CLDQ‐HBV
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. , Stepanova Maria , Younossi Issah , Racila Andrei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) carries a large global burden. Efforts abound to decrease the burden, which necessitates reporting of patient‐reported outcomes (PROs). We aimed to develop and validate an HBV‐specific PRO instrument using the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ). Data were obtained from patients enrolled in our HBV registries who completed the CLDQ, Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) and FACIT‐F. The sample was split randomly 1:1 into training and testing groups. A standard PRO instrument validation pipeline was used to develop and validate the new CLDQ‐HBV instrument. HBV patients (n = 1,339) were 48 ± 13 years old, 60% male, 8% cirrhosis, with 53% receiving oral antivirals (OAV). After reduction of 10 redundant items, exploratory factor analysis for the remaining 19 items found 95% of variance was explained by five factors—emotional function, fatigue, systemic symptoms, worry and sleep. Good‐to‐excellent internal consistency was found: Cronbach's alphas 0.70‐0.90 and item‐to‐own‐domain correlations >0.50 for 18/19 items. Known‐group validity tests discriminated between HBV patients with and without cirrhosis, with FIB‐4 ≥ 3.25 vs <3.25, with and without history of depression or clinically overt fatigue (all p < 0.0001), and treatment (all p < 0.05, all but one <0.0001). After 48‐week follow‐up, HBV patients receiving OAV (N = 144) with ≥2.7 log 10/mL decline in HBV viral load experienced significant improvements in fatigue, worry and total CLDQ‐HBV scores (p < 0.05). The newly developed CLDQ‐HBV is a short, disease‐specific PRO instrument for HBV patients which was developed and validated using large data set and an established methodology showing excellent psychometric characteristics.
Distinct Hepatitis B and HIV co‐infected populations in Canada
Authors: Cooper Curtis , Driedger Matt , Wong David , Haylock‐Jacobs Sarah , Aziz Shaheen Abdel , Osiowy Carla , Fung Scott , Doucette Karen , Wong Alexander , Barrett Lisa , Conway Brian , Ramji Alnoor , Minuk Gerald , Sebastiani Giada , Wong Philip , Coffin Carla S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDue to shared modes of exposure, HIV‐HBV co‐infection is common worldwide. Increased knowledge of the demographic and clinical characteristics of the co‐infected population will allow us to optimize our approach to management of both infections in clinical practice. The Canadian Hepatitis B Network Cohort was utilized to conduct a cross‐sectional evaluation of the demographic, biochemical, fibrotic and treatment characteristics of HIV‐HBV patients and a comparator HBV group. From a total of 5996 HBV‐infected patients, 335 HIV‐HBV patients were identified. HIV‐HBV patients were characterized by older median age, higher male and lower Asian proportion, more advanced fibrosis and higher anti‐HBV therapy use (91% vs. 30%) than the HBV‐positive / HIV seronegative comparator group. A history of reported high‐risk exposure activities (drug use, high‐risk sexual contact) was more common in HIV‐HBV patients. HIV‐HBV patients with reported high‐risk exposure activities had higher male proportion, more Caucasian ethnicity and higher prevalence of cirrhosis than HIV‐HBV patients born in an endemic country. In the main cohort, age ≥60 years, male sex, elevated ALT, the presence of comorbidity and HCV seropositivity were independent predictors of significant fibrosis. HIV seropositivity was not an independent predictor of advanced fibrosis (adj OR 0.75 [95%CI: 0.34–1.67]). In conclusion, Canadian co‐infected patients differed considerably from those with mono‐infection. Furthermore, HIV‐HBV‐infected patients who report high‐risk behaviours and those born in endemic countries represent two distinct subpopulations, which should be considered when engaging these patients in care.
High rates of sustained virological response despite premature discontinuation of directly acting antivirals in HCV‐infected patients treated in a real‐life setting
Authors: Fabbiani Massimiliano , Lombardi Andrea , Colaneri Marta , Del Poggio Paolo , Perini Paolo , D'Ambrosio Roberta , Degasperi Elisabetta , Dibenedetto Clara , Giorgini Alessia , Pasulo Luisa , Maggiolo Franco , Castelli Francesco , Brambilla Paola , Spinelli Ombretta , Re Tiziana , Lleo Ana , Rumi Mariagrazia , Uberti‐Foppa Caterina , Soria Alessandro , Aghemo Alessio , Lampertico Pietro , Baiguera Chiara , Schiavini Monica , Fagiuoli Stefano , Bruno Raffaele ,   for the NAVIGATORE‐Lombardia Study Group
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn routine clinical practice, hepatitis C virus‐infected patients can prematurely discontinue the prescribed regimen for several reasons. The aim of our study was to investigate sustained virological response (SVR12) rates in patients who prematurely discontinued directly acting antiviral (DAA) regimens and to assess the shortest effective duration of DAA able to lead to SVR12. We retrospectively collected the SVR rates of patients, registered in the NAVIGATORE‐Lombardia Network database from January 2015, who discontinued DAAs before the predefined end of treatment. Overall, we included 365 patients, males were the majority (213, 58.4%), mean age was 60.5 years, and 53 (14.5%) patients were HIV‐co‐infected. Liver cirrhosis was observed in 251 (68.8%) subjects, and the most represented genotypes were 1b (n = 168, 46%) and 3 (n = 59, 16.2%). DAA was discontinued a median of 1 (IQR 1–4) weeks before the predefined EOT, with 164 (44.9%) patients stopping DAAs at least 2 weeks before the planned schedule. In patients with F0–F3 liver fibrosis, lower rates of SVR12 were observed in patients treated for <4 weeks: 50% (n = 2/4) vs. 99.1% (n = 109/110) for ≥4 weeks, p = 0.003. In patients with liver cirrhosis, lower rates of SVR12 were observed in patients treated <8 weeks: 83.3% (n = 25/30) vs. 94.6% (n = 209/221) for ≥8 weeks, p = 0.038. Despite premature discontinuation of DAA, high SVR12 rates were observed in a real‐life setting for treatment lasting at least 4 weeks in patients with liver fibrosis F0–F3 and 8 weeks in those with liver cirrhosis. On this basis, feasibility of reducing DAA treatment duration should be explored in randomized clinical trials.
Long‐term prognosis with or without nucleot(s)ide analogue therapy in hepatitis B virus–related decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Kumada Takashi , Toyoda Hidenori , Yasuda Satoshi , Miyake Nozomi , Ito Takanori , Tanaka Junko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe development of nuleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) has dramatically changed the natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In this study, we compared patients with HBV‐related decompensated cirrhosis with and without NA therapy in terms of hepatocarcinogenesis and all‐cause, liver‐related, and non–liver‐related mortality. This study enrolled 160 patients with decompensated cirrhosis, 78 of whom were treated with NA therapy (NA group) and 82 of whom were not (non‐NA group). Propensity score matching and inverse probability weighting were performed to adjust the baseline characteristics in the NA and non‐NA groups. Liver‐related and non–liver‐related mortality were analysed using the competing risks IPW cumulative incidence functions estimator. The Cox proportional hazards model and the Fine and Gray proportional hazards model were used to analyse factors associated with hepatocarcinogenesis and all‐cause, liver‐related, and non–liver‐related mortality. HBV DNA ≥20,000 IU/ml (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 8.440) and dyslipidemia (aHR, 0.178) were independently associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. HBV DNA ≥20,000 IU/ml (aHR, 4.360) and non‐NA group (aHR, 4.802) were independently associated with all‐cause mortality. Diabetes mellitus (aHR, 4.925), FIB‐4 score >3.6 (aHR, 4.151), non‐NA group (aHR, 9.180), presence of dyslipidemia (aHR, 0.182) and male gender (aHR, 3.045) were independently associated with liver‐related mortality. HBV DNA ≥20,000 IU/ml (aHR, 3.216) and high age (aHR, 2.692) were independently associated with non–liver‐related mortality. Although the cumulative incidence rate of hepatocarcinogenesis and non–liver‐related mortality was not reduced by NA therapy, viral suppression reduced liver‐related mortality in patients with DC.
Bayesian‐based withdrawal estimates using pharmacokinetic parameters for two capsaicinoid‐containing products administered to horses
Authors: Robinson Mary A. , Stefanovski Darko , You Youwen , Boston Raymond C. , Soma Lawrence R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCapsaicinoids deter horses from chewing on bandages and are applied topically to provide analgesia to musculoskeletal injuries. They are banned during competition due to their nerve blocking properties. The pharmacokinetics of oral (PO) and direct gastric administration via nasogastric tube (NG), or topical (TOP) administration of two capsaicinoid‐containing products were investigated, and the withdrawal times required prior to competition were estimated. Capsaicin (CAP) and dihydrocapsaicin (DCAP) were quantified in plasma, and both compounds were best described by a delayed absorption two compartment elimination model following PO administration and by a first order absorption one compartment elimination model following TOP administration. Capsaicin and DCAP could not be quantified in most samples following NG administration. Following PO administration, the time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) for CAP and DCAP was 0.25 (0.08–0.50) hr. Following TOP application, the Tmax for CAP and DCAP was 4 (2–6) and 5 (3–12) hr, respectively. By 8 hr post‐PO administration and 36 hr post‐TOP application, CAP and DCAP were below the lower limit of quantification. Capsaicin and DCAP were not detected in urine samples. Withdrawal times were predicted using the 99.99% credibility interval limits of the pharmacokinetic parameters calculated with Bayesian estimation.
Beyond evidence: Anticipatory regimes in law
Authors: Stokes Elen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article lays the groundwork for a new approach to understanding how law engages with the future, based on the social science theory and practice of anticipation. Anticipation, as depicted by an extensive interdisciplinary literature, encourages a shift in attention from the future as a matter solely of probability and effect, to the future as a wider array of possibilities operating on the present. Notably absent from this literature is law. This article offers a framework for analyzing how law mobilizes future possibilities to serve present regulatory purposes, focusing in particular on the role of legal horizons, forms and affect.
Pharmaceutical company payments to authors of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hepatitis C treatment
Authors: Kida Futa , Murayama Anju , Saito Hiroaki , Ozaki Akihiko , Shimada Yuki , Tanimoto Tetsuya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsPromotional activities of pharmaceutical companies (Pharma) relating to newly marketed direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) may have targeted the authors of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) for Hepatitis C. This study aimed to assess payments made by Pharma to the CPG authors and the financial conflicts of interest (FCOIs) reported by those authors.MethodsWe analyzed payments reported by Pharma to the CPG authors as well as the COI as published by the JSH, using publicly available data for 2016 and 2017.ResultsA total of 35 of 78 Pharma‐reported payments of $613,973 in 2016, while 40 of 73 Pharma declared payments of $524,674 in 2017, with six companies failing to report. Payments by Pharma manufacturing DAAs accounted for 53.7% of the total (55.7% and 51.6% in 2016 and 2017 respectively). All 17 authors received payments from Pharma which totalled $1,138,647. The mean and median payments per author were $66,979 (standard deviation (SD): $64,875) and $46,033 (interquartile range [IQR]: $29,796 ‐ $34,428) for 2016 and 2017 combined.ConclusionsFinancial relationship between Pharma and the Hepatitis C CPG authors, which was unclear owing to the guideline regulation, was clarified. The authors had the strongest ties to the Pharma which manufactures DAAs in 2016 and 2017.