bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon release and transformation from coastal peat deposits controlled by submarine groundwater discharge: a column experiment study
Authors: Kreuzburg Matthias , Rezanezhad Fereidoun , Milojevic Tatjana , Voss Maren , Gosch Lennart , Liebner Susanne , Van Cappellen Philippe , Rehder Gregor 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough the majority of coastal sediments consist of sandy material, in some areas marine ingression caused the submergence of terrestrial carbon‐rich peat soils. This affects the coastal carbon balance, as peat represents a potential carbon source. We performed a column experiment to better understand the coupled flow and biogeochemical processes governing carbon transformations in submerged peat under coastal fresh groundwater (GW) discharge and brackish water intrusion. The columns contained naturally layered sediments with and without peat (organic carbon content in peat 39 ± 14 wt%), alternately supplied with oxygen‐rich brackish water from above and oxygen‐poor, low‐saline GW from below. The low‐saline GW discharge through the peat significantly increased the release and ascent of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the peat (δ13CDOC− 26.9‰ to − 27.7‰), which was accompanied by the production of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), implying DOC mineralization. Oxygen respiration, sulfate () reduction, and methane (CH4) formation were differently pronounced in the sediments and were accompanied with higher microbial abundances in peat compared to sand with‐reducing bacteria clearly dominating methanogens. With decreasing salinity andconcentrations, CH4emission rates increased from 16.5 to 77.3 μmol m−2d−1during a 14‐day, low‐saline GW discharge phase. In contrast, oxygenated brackish water intrusion resulted in lower DOC and DIC pore water concentrations and significantly lower CH4and CO2emissions. Our study illustrates the strong dependence of carbon cycling in shallow coastal areas with submerged peat deposits on the flow and mixing dynamics within the subterranean estuary.
Insights into the dynamics of the deep hypolimnion of Lake Geneva as revealed by long‐term temperature, oxygen, and current measurements
Authors: Lemmin Ulrich 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn order to identify or shed light on dominant long‐term processes of the deep hypolimnion of Lake Geneva (309 m depth), time series of temperature and horizontal currents and profiles of temperature and oxygen, taken for over a decade in the deepest part of the lake, were analyzed. The focus was on the summer stratification period (May to October). During that period, temperatures near the bottom always increased quasi‐linearly with the same gradient and small amplitude variability. Vertical mean temperature gradients in the lowest 60 m of the water column remained nearly constant over the years and were comparable to those of the deep ocean. Mean current velocity at the deepest point was 3.0 ± 0.5 cm s−1 and ever‐present inertial motions clearly dominated currents. Oxygen decreased quasi‐linearly and eutrophication appeared not to affect this rate of decrease. It is suggested that as in the deep ocean, breaking internal waves and friction from decaying inertial motion occurring in the deep hypolimnion strongly contribute to turbulent mixing in that layer. The climate change‐induced long‐term warming trend seen in the upper layers of the lake was not detected in the deep hypolimnion. Instead, year‐to‐year climate change‐induced variability strongly affected the deep hypolimnion. During cooling in cold winters, lateral advection contributed more to temperature decrease and oxygen renewal in the deep hypolimnion than vertical convection. The present analysis has shown that the dynamics of this layer are highly three‐dimensional and that the processes occurring therein cannot be correctly described by traditional one‐dimensional concepts.
Exploration and Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficacy of Drug‐Free Macromolecular Therapeutics in Collagen‐Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis Mouse Model
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Li Yachao , Li Lian , Yang Jiyuan , Kopeček Jindřich 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against B cell antigens are extensively used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The B cell depletion therapy prevents RA symptoms and/or alleviates existing inflammation. The previously established two‐step drug‐free macromolecular therapeutics (DFMT) is applied in the treatment of collagen‐induced rheumatoid arthritis in a collagen‐induced rheumatoid arthritis mouse model. DFMT is a B cell depletion strategy utilizing Fab′ fragment of anti‐CD20 mAb for biorecognition and receptor crosslinking to induce B cell apoptosis. DFMT is composed from two nanoconjugates: 1) bispecific engager, Fab′‐MORF1 (anti‐CD20 Fab′ fragment conjugated with morpholino oligonucleotide MORF1), and 2) a crosslinking (effector) component P‐(MORF2)X (N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer grafted with multiple copies of complementary morpholino oligonucleotide MORF2). The absence of Fc fragment has the potential to avoid development of resistance and infusion‐related reactions. DFMT produces B cell depletion, keeps the RA score low for more than 100 days, and shows minimal cartilage and bone erosion and inflammatory cell infiltration. Further improvements will be explored to optimize DFMT strategy in autoimmune disease treatment.
Effect of Mo on corrosion behavior of Ni20Cr–xMo alloys in air with NaCl–KCl–CaCl2 vapor at 570°C
Authors: Izzuddin Hubby , Hayashi Shigenari , Yoneda Suzue , Kogin Takashi , Ishikawa Eiji , Noguchi Manabu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe effect of Mo on the corrosion behavior of Ni20Cr–xMo alloys in an oxidizing chlorine‐containing atmosphere using air mixed with the salt‐vapor mixture of NaCl–KCl–CaCl2 at 570°C was investigated. The results revealed that the corrosion performance of the Ni20Cr alloys in the oxidizing chlorine atmosphere was improved by Mo addition of up to 3 wt%. The Mo‐free alloy formed a potassium chromate during corrosion as a result of the reaction between the Cr2O3 scale and KCl vapor. The chromate formation increased the chlorine potential at the scale surface and induced the breakdown of the protective Cr2O3 scale, resulting in internal chromium chloride precipitates and a Cr‐depleted zone. In contrast, the presence of Mo resulted in the formation of a NiO scale, which did not react with the salt vapors and, therefore, prevented the formation of chromates. The beneficial effect of Mo on the high‐temperature chlorination of Ni–Cr alloys in salt‐vapor‐containing atmospheres was ascribed to the suppression of chlorine generation due to NiO scale formation.
What should we call this color? The influence of color‐naming on consumers' attitude toward the product
Authors: Chou Hsuan‐Yi , Chu Xing‐Yu (Marcos) , Chiang Yu‐Han 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany companies use unique color names to differentiate products, attract consumer attention, and promote sales. This study categorizes the names of colors in detail, and uses schema incongruity and affect regulation theory to elucidate the effects of color names with different typicality and ambiguity. We identify the underlying mechanism and explore how color attribute importance and color name valence moderate the effects of the color name. The results of five studies show the following: (a) atypical‐low ambiguity color names (vs. atypical‐high ambiguity and typical color names) create a more favorable consumer attitude toward the product; (b) when color is the primary attribute of the product, typical color names are more effective; when color is a secondary attribute, atypical color names yield more favorable effects; (c) for positively‐valenced color names, an atypical‐low ambiguity naming method yields a better response, while for negatively‐valenced color names, an atypical‐high ambiguity naming method yields a more favorable response; and (d) the color‐naming effects are mediated by perceived product uniqueness or playfulness, depending on different conditions.
A New Phosphine for Efficient Free Radical Polymerization under Air
Authors: Kirschner Julie , Becht Jean‐Michel , Klee Joachim E. , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new phosphine is proposed as efficient coinitiator for camphorquinone (CQ)‐based photoinitiating systems for the free radical polymerization of (meth)acrylates. Remarkably, this new co‐initiator can exhibit two functionalities: a phosphine moiety to overcome oxygen inhibition and an iodonium salt moiety as counter cation to initiate the polymerization process. Excellent polymerization performances in the presence of CQ for the free radical polymerization of methacrylates under blue light are observed, and amine‐free systems can be easily developed from the proposed structure. The photopolymerization of composites is also investigated in the presence of the new phosphine (without iodonium counter cation) and very interesting depth of cure can be obtained from the new developed photoinitiating system after only 20 s of irradiation with a blue light‐emitting diode.
Clinical aspects of Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome and identification of a novel mutation
Authors: Härter Bettina , Benedicenti Francesco , Karall Daniela , Lausch Ekkehard , Schweigmann Gisela , Stanzial Franco , Superti‐Furga Andrea , Scholl‐Bürgi Sabine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundHyaline fibromatosis syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in ANTXR2 which leads to loss of function of the transmembrane protein anthrax toxin receptor 2. It is distinguished by characteristic skin lesions, gingival hyperplasia, joint and bone disease, and systemic involvement.MethodsBased on the case of an 11‐year‐old female patient with typical features of hyaline fibromatosis syndrome and the underlying pathogenic compound heterozygote variants in ANTXR2 we discuss the genetic and clinical aspects of hyaline fibromatosis syndrome.ResultsThe novel mutation in ANTXR2 (c.1223T>C, p.Leu408Pro variant) seems to allow for a protracted course of the disease.ConclusionOur findings add to the phenotypic, genetic, and biochemical spectrum of hyaline fibromatosis syndrome.
Design of optimized high precision fractional‐N frequency synthesizer with low spur
Authors: Zhou Shuai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article presents a novel multimode cascaded frequency division structure for a low‐spur wide‐bandwidth fractional‐N frequency synthesizer. In order to reduce fractional spur, the new ∆‐∑ modulators are designed as a three‐order structure and each of them is composed of a three‐bit three‐order hybrid feedback ∆‐∑ modulator. Besides, a mixing phase‐locked loop structure is designed to effectively cancel out the VCO cross‐coupling path to reduce spur. The synthesizer implemented in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process occupies a core area of 0.36 mm2 and generates a frequency ranging from 3 to 6 GHz using 50 MHz~100 MHz oscillator input. Measured results indicate that the fractional spur is lower than −80 dBc and the resolution is higher than 0.001 Hz.
Spectral efficiency optimization for intelligent reflecting surface aided multi‐input multi‐output terahertz system
Authors: Chen Wenjie , Chen Zhi , Ma Xinying , Chi Yaojia , Li Zhuoxun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is considered as a promising application in terahertz (THz) communications since it is able to enhance the THz communication with no additional power consumptions. In this letter, we consider a downlink multi‐input multi‐output system, where a base station (BS) communicates to a user with the aid of the IRS. Our goal is to optimize the spectral efficiency by designing discrete phase‐shifts at the IRS and the precoder at the BS, which is an intractable nonconvex optimization problem. To solve it, we approximate the problem into another form where we maximize the sum of path gains by designing the phase‐shifts of the IRS, and we propose a cross‐entropy based algorithm to search the optimal IRS phase‐shifts matrix. After that, we use the classical singular value decomposition and water‐filling solution to design the optimal precoder.
Small field output correction factors of the microSilicon detector and a deeper understanding of their origin by quantifying perturbation factors
Authors: Weber Carolin , Kranzer Rafael , Weidner Jan , Kröninger Kevin , Poppe Björn , Looe Hui Khee , Poppinga Daniela 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe aim of this study is the experimental and Monte Carlo‐based determination of small field correction factors for the unshielded silicon detector microSilicon for a standard linear accelerator as well as the Cyberknife System. In addition, a detailed Monte Carlo analysis has been performed by modifying the detector models stepwise to study the influences of the detector’s components.MethodsSmall field output correction factors have been determined for the new unshielded silicon diode detector, microSilicon (type 60023, PTW Freiburg, Germany) as well as for the predecessors Diode E (type 60017, PTW Freiburg, Germany) and Diode SRS (type 60018, PTW Freiburg, Germany) for a Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator at 6 MV and a Cyberknife system. For the experimental determination, an Exradin W1 scintillation detector (Standard Imaging, Middleton, USA) has been used as reference. The Monte Carlo simulations have been performed with EGSnrc and phase space files from IAEA as well as detector models according to manufacturer blueprints. To investigate the influence of the detector’s components, the detector models have been modified stepwise.ResultsThe correction factors for the smallest field size investigated at the TrueBeam linear accelerator (equivalent dosimetric square field side length Sclin = 6.3 mm) are 0.983 and 0.939 for the microSilicon and Diode E, respectively. At the Cyberknife system, the correction factors of the microSilicon are 0.967 at the smallest 5‐mm collimator compared to 0.928 for the Diode SRS. Monte Carlo simulations show comparable results from the measurements and literature.ConclusionThe microSilicon (type 60023) detector requires less correction than its predecessors, Diode E (type 60017) and Diode SRS (type 60018). The detector housing has been demonstrated to cause the largest perturbation, mainly due to the enhanced density of the epoxy encapsulation surrounding the silicon chip. This density has been rendered more water equivalent in case of the microSilicon detector to minimize the associated perturbation. The sensitive volume itself has been shown not to cause observable field size‐dependent perturbation except for the volume‐averaging effect, where the slightly larger diameter of the sensitive volume of the microSilicon (1.5 mm) is still small at the smallest field size investigated with corrections <2%. The new microSilicon fulfils the 5% correction limit recommended by the TRS 483 for output factor measurements at all conditions investigated in this work.
Development of nursing care guideline for burned hands
Authors: Lotfi Mojgan , Mirza Aghazadeh Ahmad , Davami Babak , Khajehgoodari Mohammad , Aziz karkan Hanieh , Khalilzad Mohammad Amin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo develop an evidence‐based guideline to care for hand‐burned patients.DesignAn integrative review.MethodThe search was conducted of EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Clinical Key, Iranmedex, Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), Cochran, CINAHL and Google Scholar databases from January 2000–August 2019. Following the formation of the research team, two researchers independently selected the eligible studies. The initial search resulted in 2,230 records; ultimately, 40 articles were identified to be the review after screening the records based on the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality of selected studies was evaluated with the MMAT method.ResultsData syntheses of selected studies, coded by highlighting the relevant parts of the text, and assigning code words to these areas were done. Following this, a constant comparison was used to develop categories by combining codes. Finally, hand burns nursing care guideline was developed by categorizing descriptive themes in two main phases.ConclusionThis review results have shown that evidence‐based guidelines present high‐quality recommendations for the healthcare team, which improves the quality of clinical care. Due to a lack of established guidelines in our context, it seems to be helpful to use evidence‐based guidelines in managing burned hands.
If only I could turn back time—Regret in bereaved parents
Authors: Sim Chu‐Won , Heuse Silke , Weigel Dorothée , Kendel Friederike 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionRegret about loss is one of the most intense types of regret experienced in life. Little is known about the bereavement regret of parents whose child has died of cancer. Although knowledge about parents’ experiences after their child's death is vital for supporting these families, parents’ regret is mostly hidden from the treating clinical staff. This study aimed to explore these parents’ regret themes and their impact on their future lives.MethodsAn explorative questionnaire was sent to bereaved parents who lost a child to cancer. A total of 26 parents responded to the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method.ResultsRegret experiences were shared by almost all participants. The focus of regret issues include parenting and interaction with the child, reflection on existing values, dealing with the disease, and neglecting the remaining siblings. The regret experience had an impact on prioritizing values, future lifestyle and contacts.ConclusionsRegret seems to be a general phenomenon among bereaved parents and strongly influences the grieving process, in the sense of reflecting on past experiences to reorient for future actions. As this study was explorative, it is significant toward deepening the understanding of bereavement regret in future. These insights are crucial when working with affected families to help them decide important issues they can care about now and will not regret later.
Structural optimization of reversible dibromomaleimide peptide stapling
Authors: Lindsey‐Crosthwait Ayanna , Rodriguez‐Lema Diana , Walko Martin , Pask Christopher M. , Wilson Andrew J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMethods to constrain peptides in a bioactive α‐helical conformation for inhibition of protein‐protein interactions represent an ongoing area of investigation in chemical biology. Recently, the first example of a reversible “stapling” methodology was described which exploits native cysteine or homocysteine residues spaced at the i and i + 4 positions in a peptide sequence together with the thiol selective reactivity of dibromomaleimides (a previous study). This manuscript reports on the optimization of the maleimide based constraint, focusing on the kinetics of macrocyclization and the extent to which helicity is promoted with different thiol containing amino acids. The study identified an optimal stapling combination of X1 = L‐Cys and X5 = L‐hCys in the context of the model peptide Ac‐X1AAAX5‐NH2, which should prove useful in implementing the dibromomaleimide stapling strategy in peptidomimetic ligand discovery programmes.
The mechanism of Single strand binding protein–RecG binding: Implications for SSB interactome function
Authors: Ding Wenfei , Tan Hui Yin , Zhang Jia Xiang , Wilczek Luke A. , Hsieh Karin R. , Mulkin Jeffrey A. , Bianco Piero R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Escherichia coli single‐strand DNA binding protein (SSB) is essential to viability where it functions to regulate SSB interactome function. Here it binds to single‐stranded DNA and to target proteins that comprise the interactome. The region of SSB that links these two essential protein functions is the intrinsically disordered linker. Key to linker function is the presence of three, conserved PXXP motifs that mediate binding to oligosaccharide‐oligonucleotide binding folds (OB‐fold) present in SSB and its interactome partners. Not surprisingly, partner OB‐fold deletions eliminate SSB binding. Furthermore, single point mutations in either the PXXP motifs or, in the RecG OB‐fold, obliterate SSB binding. The data also demonstrate that, and in contrast to the view currently held in the field, the C‐terminal acidic tip of SSB is not required for interactome partner binding. Instead, we propose the tip has two roles. First, and consistent with the proposal of Dixon, to regulate the structure of the C‐terminal domain in a biologically active conformation that prevents linkers from binding to SSB OB‐folds until this interaction is required. Second, as a secondary binding domain. Finally, as OB‐folds are present in SSB and many of its partners, we present the SSB interactome as the first family of OB‐fold genome guardians identified in prokaryotes.
In vitro metabolism, reaction phenotyping, enzyme kinetics, CYP inhibition and induction potential of ataluren
Authors: Kong Ronald , Ma Jiyuan , Hwang Seongwoo , Moon Young‐Choon , Welch Ellen M. , Weetall Marla , Colacino Joseph M. , Almstead Neil , Babiak John , Goodwin Elizabeth 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAtaluren promotes ribosomal readthrough of premature termination codons in mRNA which result from nonsense mutations. In vitro studies were performed to characterize the metabolism and enzyme kinetics of ataluren and its interaction potential with CYP enzymes. Incubation of [14C]‐ataluren with human liver microsomes indicated that the major metabolic pathway for ataluren is via direct glucuronidation and that the drug is not metabolized via cytochrome P450 (CYP). Glucuronidation was also observed in the incubation in human intestinal and kidney microsomes, but not in human pulmonary microsomes. UGT1A9 was found to be the major uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) responsible for ataluren glucuronidation in the liver and kidney microsomes. Enzyme kinetic analysis of the formation of ataluren acyl glucuronide, performed in human liver, kidney, and intestinal microsomes and recombinant human UGT1A9, found that increasing bovine serum albumin (BSA) levels enhanced the glucuronidation Michaelis‐Menten constant (Km) and ataluren protein binding but had a minimal effect on maximum velocity (Vmax) of glucuronidation. Due to the decreased unbound Michaelis‐Menten constant (Km,u), the ataluren unbound intrinsic clearance (CLint,u) increased for all experimental systems and BSA concentrations. Human kidney microsomes were about 3.7‐fold more active than human liver microsomes, in terms of CLint,u/mg protein, indicating that the kidney is also a key organ for the metabolism and disposition of ataluren in humans. Ataluren showed no or little potential to inhibit or induce most of the CYP enzymes.