bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of oral health: before, during and after becoming a regular user of GC Tooth Mousse Plus ®
Authors: Sbaraini Alexandra , Adams Geoffrey G , Reynolds Eric C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Clinical trials and laboratory studies from around the world have shown that GC Tooth Mousse Plus® (TMP) is effective in protecting teeth from tooth decay and erosion, buffering dental plaque pH, remineralising white spot lesions and reducing dentine hypersensitivity. However, no other study has assessed the experiences of oral health, before, during and after individuals becoming regular users of TMP. The aim of this study was to identify how participants’ oral health status changed after introducing TMP into their oral hygiene routine.Methods: A qualitative study using Charmaz’s grounded theory methodology was conducted. Fifteen purposively sampled regular users of TMP were interviewed. Transcripts were analysed after each interview. Data analysis consisted of transcript coding, detailed memo writing, and data interpretation. Results: Participants described their experiences of oral health and disease, before, during and after introducing TMP into their daily oral hygiene routine, together with the historical, biological, financial, psychosocial, and habitual dimensions of their experiences. Before becoming a regular user of TMP, participants described themselves as having a damaged mouth with vulnerable teeth, dry mouth, and sensitivity. Various aspects of participants’ histories were relevant, such as, family history and history of oral disease. Having a damaged mouth with vulnerable teeth, dry mouth and sensitivity was explained by those elements. Despite some initial barriers, once being prescribed TMP by a dental professional, a three-fold process of change was initiated: starting a new oral hygiene routine, persevering daily, and experiencing reinforcing outcomes. This process led to a fundamental lifestyle change. Participants transitioned from having a damaged mouth with vulnerable teeth to having a comfortable mouth with strong teeth; at the same time participants felt empowered by this newly found status of being able to keep their teeth for life. Barriers and facilitators for incorporating TMP on daily oral hygiene routine were also identified.Conclusions: Participants valued having a comfortable mouth with strong teeth, which did not require repeated restorations. Seeing concrete results in their mouths and experiencing a more comfortable mouth boosted adherence to daily applications of TMP, which was maintained over time.
Analysis of the length of fixation during hemivertebra resection. A monocentric retrospective cohort
Authors: Ryabykh Sergey O , Filatov Egor Yu , Mejabi Joseph Olorunsogo , Savin Dmitry M , Gubin Alexander B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: We aimed at reviewing results of surgical correction of spinal deformity due to hemivertebra with regard to the age, severity of deformity and length of instrumentation.Methods. Study comprised 117 patients with congenital spinal deformity treated between 2010 and 2018. Patients’ aged 1 to 18 years. Mean follow-up was 3 years (1 to 8). Posterior approach was used in all cases. Patients were subdivided into 4 groups.Result:Unilateral mono-segmental fixation (Group I) for 15 children with mean age of 48.3 months. Cobb angle for scoliosis and kyphosis were 31.10 + 6.40 and 29.3° + 11.90 corrected to 7.80 + 6.80 and 4.70 + 4.00 respectively. Blood loss was 213.6 mL. Operating time was 165 minutes.Bilateral mono-segmental fixation (Group II) for 24 patients with mean age of 53.1 months. Cobb angle for scoliosis and kyphosis were 32.5° + 8.60 and 30.9° + 4.30 corrected to 5.30 + 2.80 and 0.20 + 11.60 respectively. Blood loss was 215.4 mL. Operating time was 160.5 minutes.Bilateral three-segmental fixation (Group III) for 29 patients with mean age of 78.2 months. Cobb angle for scoliosis and kyphosis were 36.6° + 10.60 and 37.6° + 14.60 corrected to 6.20 + 6.10 and 5.00 + 5.20 respectively. Blood loss was 342.7 mL. Operating time was 197.0 minutes.Bilateral poly-segmental fixation (Group IV) for 49 children with mean age of 112.7 months. Cobb angle for scoliosis and kyphosis were 40.2° + 14.80 and 58.2° + 35.60 corrected to 10.70 + 9.60 and 10.70 + 10.30 respectively. Blood loss was 549.3 mL. Operating time was 288.8 minutes.Conclusion: Choice of spinal fixation technique and the length of fixation were determined on the basis of patient’s age, magnitude of the deformity and concomitant vertebral abnormalities.
The correlation of duration of cervical flexion per day with neck disability index scores in office workers: a cross sectional study
Authors: Jinlong Zhang , Yunyun Fang , Lijie Gao , Jian Chen , Cheng Wang , Hongchen He , Qinglu Luo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: An increasing number of office workers complain of neck pain after extended smart phone use. We conducted this study to examine the correlation between the duration of cervical flexion per day (DCF) during smart phone use and neck disability index scores (NDI) scores of office workers in China.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1791 individuals responded to an on line questionnaire. For our study, we included responses of 498 [27.8%] office workers. Excluded from the study were 1293 [72.9%] individuals including building workers, students, non-office workers, and those who did not complete the questionnaire. Participants completed an online questionnaire survey from May 29, 2019 to April 10, 2020. The NDI scores were used to evaluate cervical symptoms. Liner regression, threshold saturation effect analysis, t-test, and Pearson’s chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. Results: We analyzed questionnaire results of the 498 office workers. The t-test showed no significant differences among the gender groups for age, working age, and NDI scores (P>0.05).] while low back pain had a strong correlation with NDI scores [β (95%CI):2.40 (1.49, 3.31), P <0.0001]. When adjusting for age, working age, and low back pain covariates, DCF had a positive correlation with NDI scores. In addition, DCF had a curve line correlation with NDI scores-a monotone increasing relationship; the fold point was 6 (P<0.05).Conclusions: DCF had a positive curve line correlation with the NDI scores suggesting that office workers should limit DCF to a maximum of 6 hours to decrease NDI scores.
Pattern-mixture model in network meta-analysis of binary missing outcome data: one-stage or two-stage approach?
Authors: Spineli Loukia Maria , Papadimitropoulou Katerina , Kalyvas Chrysostomos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Trials with binary outcomes can be synthesised using within-trial exact likelihood or approximate normal likelihood in one-stage or two-stage approaches, respectively. The performance of the one-stage and the two-stage approaches has been documented extensively in the literature. However, little is known about how these approaches behave in the presence of missing outcome data (MOD), which are ubiquitous in clinical trials. In this work, we compare the one-stage versus two-stage approach via a pattern-mixture model in the network meta-analysis using Bayesian methods to handle MOD appropriately.Methods: We used 29 published networks to empirically compare the two approaches concerning the relative treatment effects of several competing interventions and the between-trial variance ( ), while considering the extent and level of balance of MOD in the included trials. We additionally conducted a simulation study to compare the competing approaches regarding the bias and width of the 95% credible interval of the (summary) log odds ratios (OR) and in the presence of moderate and large MOD.Results: The empirical study did not reveal any systematic bias between the compared approaches regarding the log OR, but showed systematically larger uncertainty around the log OR under the one-stage approach for networks with at least one small trial or low event risk and moderate MOD. For these networks, the simulation study revealed that the bias in log OR for comparisons with the reference intervention in the network was relatively higher in the two-stage approach. Contrariwise, the bias in log OR for the remaining comparisons was relatively higher in the one-stage approach. Overall, bias increased for large MOD. For these networks, the empirical results revealed slightly higher estimates under the one-stage approach irrespective of the extent of MOD. The one-stage approach also led to less precise log OR and when compared with the two-stage approach for large MOD.Conclusions: Due to considerable bias in the log ORs overall, especially for large MOD, none of the competing approaches was superior. Until a more competent model is developed, the researchers may prefer the one-stage approach to handle MOD, while acknowledging its limitations.
Duffy Blood System and G6PD Genetic Variants In P. Vivax Malaria Patients From Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Natália Santos , Mathias Jéssica Lorena dos Santos , Albuquerque Sérgio Roberto Lopes , Almeida Anne Cristine Gomes , Dantas Ana Carla , Anselmo Fernanda Cozendey , Lima Emerson Silva , Lacerda Marcus Vinicius Guimarães , Nogueira Paulo Afonso , Ramasawmy Rajendranath , Goncalves Marilda Souza , Neto Jose Pereira Moura 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Over a third of the world’s population lives at risk of potentially severe Plasmodium vivax induced malaria. The unique aspect of the parasite’s biology and interactions with the human host make it harder to control and eliminate the disease. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and Duffy-negative blood groups are two red blood cell variations that confer protection against malaria. Molecular genotyping of G6PD and Duffy was performed in 225 patients with severe and non-severe malaria. Of the 225 patients, 29 (12.94%) and 43 (19.19%) were carriers of the G6PD c.202G>A and c.376A>G, respectively. For the Duffy genotype (c.-67T>C in the GATA promoter region), 70 (31.11%) were phenotyped as Fy(a+b-), 98 (43.55%) Fy(a+b+), 56 (24.9%) Fy(a-b+) and 1 (0.44%) Fy(a-b-). The FY*01/FY*02 genotype was prevalent in both non-severe and severe malaria. However, the frequency increased when SNP c.376A>G was also present. In women, the FY*01/FY*02 allele occurred concomitantly with c.376A>G more frequently in non-severe malaria, while in men, this combination is revealed predominantly in severe malaria. G202A and A376G G6PD variants were higher in severe malaria, with c.202G>A (RR= 4.76 – p=.009) and c.376A>G (RR: 6.47 – p<0.001) strongly associated with the trials malaria (p<0.001). Duffy phenotype Fy(a-b+) (p=0.003) and genotype FY*02/ FY*02 (p=0.007) presented the highest values parasitemia density of the vivax malaria. Research on G6PD and Duffy antigen deficiencies has been valuable, particularly when focused on densely populated areas. Altogether, c.202G>A and c.376A>G SNPs seem to be risk factors for the development of severe vivax malaria. Molecular diagnosis before treatment may be necessary in the Amazonian population and uncomplicated malaria showed a greater frequency of variation for GATA and G6PD variants than severe malaria.
A versatile DNA origami based plasmonic nanoantenna for label-free single-molecule SERS
Authors: Tapio Kosti , Mostafa Amr , Kanehira Yuya , Suma Antonio , Dutta Anushree , Bald Ilko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
DNA origami technology allows for the precise nanoscale assembly of chemical entities that give rise to new functional materials. We have created a versatile DNA Origami Nanofork Antenna (DONA) by assembling Au or Ag nanoparticle dimers with different gap sizes down to 1.17 nm, enabling signal enhancements in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of up to 1011. This allows for single-molecule SERS measurements, which can even be performed with larger gap sizes to accommodate differently sized molecules, and at various excitation wavelengths. A general scheme is presented to place single analyte molecules into the SERS hot spots using the DNA origami structure exploiting covalent and non-covalent coupling schemes. By using Au and Ag dimers, single-molecule SERS measurements of three dyes and cytochrome c and horseradish peroxidase proteins are demonstrated even under non-resonant excitation conditions, thus providing long photostability during time-series measurement, and enabling unprecedented optical monitoring of single molecules.
Fabrication and Paracrine Effect Research of Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cell Sheet
Authors: Xue Fenlong , Xin Yuanfeng , Bai Yunpeng , Jiang Yiyao , Liu Jianhsi , Jian Kaitao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The release of a wide array of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) sheet-secreted paracrine factors is central to the mechanism by which these cells contribute to tissue repair. The purpose of this study was to fabricate BM-EPC sheet and conduct preliminary investigation on the paracrine effect of SDF-1ɑ about the role of the stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)/CXCR4 axis in the form of tubular structures from BM-EPCs sheet.Methods: EPCs derived from rat bone marrow (BM-EPC) were identified and isolated by the cell-surface markers CD34/CD133/VE-cadherin/KDR using flow cytometry, as well as by dual affinity for acLDL and UEA-1. Single-cell suspensions were seeded on temperature-responsive cell culture dishes. After 7 days of incubation, the BM-EPC cells were easily harvested as cell sheets, and a series of biochemical experiments were performed in vitro. The expression levels of SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis-associated genes and proteins were examined using RT‑qPCR and western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to determine the concentrations of VEGF, EGF and SDF-1α in the cell culture medium.Results: The BM-EPC cell sheets were successfully harvested. Moreover, BM-EPC cell sheets have superior proliferation and tube formation activity when compare with single cell suspension. When capillary-like tube were formed from EPCs sheets, the releasing of paracrine factors such as VEGF, EGF, and SDF-1ɑ were increasing. To drive the tube formation of BM-EPCs sheets, our mechanism research showed that the activation of PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway since the phosphorylation of protein CXCR, PI3K, AKT and eNOS were increasing.Conclusion: BM-EPC cell sheets have superior proliferation and tube formation activity that can be used for tissue repair. The strong ability to secrete paracrine factors was be related to the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis through PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway.
Konsep perempuan shalihah pada lirik “Aisyah Istri Rasulullah” (Studi ketidakadilan analisis wacana Teun A. Van Dijk)
Authors: Kumala Nur 
Published: December 2020

<p>The presentation of the lyrics in a song is a form of communication that requires meaning, through the massive lyrics of a song composed entitled "Aisyah Wife Rasulullah" which is discussed interestingly to be discussed in the realm of the meaning of the text, the context and the discourse. Through Teun A. Van Dijk's discourse analysis, a certain condition can also be understood as an injustice process, in which to expose the injustice it is done in 3 ways, namely by text analysis, context analysis and social discourse analysis. The importance of understanding a text with this discourse analysis is able to open a broader paradigm of problems in human life, especially the concept of injustice. As in the phenomenon of the song "Aisyah wife of the Prophet Muhammad" which produces a social discourse that women are righteous physically and who always accompany their husbands. This is said to be injustice in religion which has discussed the relationship between partners, as well as `` the measure of happiness in the household is not measured by women's physicality, as the concept of shalihah according to religion. So, the focus of this research is only to expose the injustices that occur in the text and the context of the discourse about the meaning of "shalihah" in the lyrics of "Aisyah, the wife of the Prophet".</p><p> </p>
The International Criminal Court and Catholic Social Doctrine
Authors: Czarnetzky John M. 
Published: December 2020

The International Criminal Court was the result of decades of postwar pressure to establish a permanent tribunal with jurisdiction over the most heinous crimes against humanity. Despite the noble goals of its architects, the ICC has not been effective in prosecuting such crimes. The author argues that the reasons for the Court’s ineffectiveness were apparent from its inception due to the flawed view of the human person and society that is at the foundation of the Court. Using the insights of Catholic Social Doctrine, this article dissects the erroneous social anthropology, which is the basis for the Court’s design, and suggests possible correctives based on a correct understanding of the human person and human society.
Integralna ochrona środowiska w nauczaniu Jana Pawła II
Authors: Bołoz Wojciech 
Published: December 2020

In his teaching John Paul II paid a lot of attention to the subject of environmental protection. His holistic concept incorporates the most important issues that relate to preservation of natural resources that still exist. Among many issues discussed by him the following seem to be of the highest importance.
The ecological issue refers to all people irrespective of religious or political views. Natural environment degradation bears negative consequences which apply to everyone, the Pope regards his comments on the natural environment protection as the Church’s support for the peoples’ efforts in overcoming the growing ecological crisis.
In John Paul’s II opinion, so-called “anthropological mistake” is the basis for thoughtless degradation of natural environment. A human being who discovers his ability to transform and, to some extent, to create the world through his own work believes he can disobediently rule the Earth and bring it under his absolute control. He acts as if the Earth did not have its own shape nor an intention previously indicated by God. God’s intention for the Earth may indeed be expanded by a human but it should not be fought against. Instead of being God’s co-worker in the act of creation a human tries to replace Him. As a consequence, nature, which is oppressed rather than ruled by a human, protests.
Ecological crisis is seen as a consequence of troubled relationship between a human and nature. In this relationship a human is driven only by his own economical needs. He does not take into consideration the specificity of nature’s constituting components: natural resources, plants and animals. Another important reason for the environment crisis is inconsiderate output of natural resources as if they were to last forever.
Natural environment exploitation is reprehensible. However, destruction of “human environment” is equally dangerous. Alike with the Earth, which should be used respectfully in accordance with its initial intention, a human ought to value his own “natural and moral construction he was equipped with”.
According to the teaching of the Church, God gave the Earth with everything it consists for the use of all the people and nations, this sense of common property also bears common responsibility for the existing goods. Because it is a shared property, it should be of a public concern, therefore , every enterprise that makes use of natural resources is obliged to take care of the environment.
W poszukiwaniu odpowiedzi na pytanie - Czy nauczyciele gimnazjum kształtują postawę ekologiczną swoich wychowanków?
Authors: Stańczak Małgorzata 
Published: December 2020

In order to survive humankind needs ecological education in accordance with the rule of well-balanced development. The phenomenon involves all educational processes. We need well-qualified teachers in order to mobilize pupils for proper action, influence their interests and higher level of knowledge or shape ecological awareness, these teachers link the world of thoughts and general consciousness.
The present study is the attempt to answer the question - Do teachers from grammar schools shape their pupils’ ecologically friendly attitude?
Bullying in School: Evaluation using CPTED at potential bullying area
Authors: Md Sakip Siti Rasidah , Abdul Wahab Azna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Bullying in schools is a worrying phenomenon and has an impact on the safety of school children. This paper aims to identify potential spaces of bullying behaviour in the school area. The questionnaire and observation checklist is an instrument to determine the frequency of student bullying in specific spaces of a school. Students from Form One until Form Three are the respondents in this research. Three areas with high rates of Bullying which are toilet, class and canteen. The maintenance element is the most crucial factor that space is not visited by students and potential area of Bullying.
Keywords: Bullying, school, physical environment, CPTED
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI2.2520.
Cloning and in silico analysis revealed a genetic variation in osmotin-encoding genes in an Indonesian local cacao cultivar
Authors: Nugroho Imam Bagus , Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi 
Published: December 2020

Theobroma cacao L. is an important Indonesian estate crop, which suffers from biotic and abiotic stresses. TcOSM, which encodes osmotin as a response to pathogens and environmental stresses, is, therefore, a focus of interest in this research, aiming to characterize TcOSM in an Indonesian local cacao cultivar. Bioinformatics queries for putative TcOSM were performed against the reference genome of a Criollo-type cacao cultivar. Based on nucleotide sequence determination, our results revealed two genes, TcOSM1 and TcOSM2, which have the highest similarity (≥ 90\%) to the cacao reference genes. Heterozygosity was detected in the TcOSM1-encoding gene, which contained two overlapping peaks in Sanger-sequencing chromatograms. One of the alleles resulted from a single nucleotide change (G to A), leading to a same-sense mutation that did not substitute corresponding alanine residue. Homology modeling using Phyre2 and structural alignment (superimposition) was conducted to examine the influence of genetic variations in TcOSM sequences upon the global protein structures. The result showed no significant changes (RMSD ≤ 0.206 Å, TM-score > 0.5) in tertiary protein structures. Altogether, this research succeeded in characterizing TcOSM while providing a fundamental study for future cacao biotechnology endeavors.