bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrophilic Infiltrates in Panniculitis: Comprehensive Review and Diagnostic Algorithm Proposal
Authors: Llamas-Velasco Mar , Fraga Javier , Sánchez-Schmidt Júlia-María , Fernández-Figueras Maite , Gallardo Fernando , Rütten Arno , Kempf Werner 
Published: September 2020

Abstract:Neutrophilic infiltrates in panniculitis can be seen in different clinical–pathological entities. There are a “mostly neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate” in some entities classically defined as neutrophilic panniculitis and already included in algorithms, such as enzymatic panniculitis, infective and factitial ones, erythema induratum, or subcutaneous Sweet syndrome, but there are also other panniculitis where neutrophils are frequently observed such as panniculitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease or rheumatoid arthritis, or drug-induced panniculitis associated with BRAF inhibitors, and finally, some panniculitis are better classified in other panniculitides groups but may present with neutrophil-rich variants, such as the neutrophil-rich subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn. We review the main clinical and histopathological features of most of these panniculitides and construct a diagnostic algorithm including these diseases.
Oseltamivir—Current Dosing Recommendations Reduce the Therapeutic Benefit in Patients With Mild to Moderate Renal Function and/or Large Body Mass: A Review of the Literature With Recommendations to Optimize Dosing, Including the Use of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Authors: Jones Terry E. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
Oseltamivir is indicated for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza infections. Achieving therapeutic concentrations EARLY in the course of the infection impacts greatly on the magnitude of benefit. Oseltamivir is renally cleared and dose reductions are advised for patients with renal impairment. The purpose of this review was to determine whether these dose reductions facilitate the early attainment of therapeutic concentrations. The review also examined the effect of body mass on the same outcome.

Method:
Oseltamivir is administered as a prodrug and converted to the active carboxylate moiety in the liver. Published articles that included oseltamivir carboxylate (OC) pharmacokinetics in patients with renal impairment and those with large body mass were reviewed. Concentrations of OC achieved in the first 24 hours were compared with those from patients with normal renal function and body mass.

Results:
Studies that informed dosage regimens for patients with mild to moderately impaired renal function focused on attaining steady-state concentrations similar to those observed in patients with normal renal function. They overlooked the importance of achieving therapeutic concentrations EARLY in the course of the infection. As a result, many patients will not attain therapeutic concentrations until too late in the infection. This is also true for patients with a large body mass.

Conclusions:
Current dosing advice for oseltamivir in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment and those with a larger body mass are likely to reduce (or even negate) its efficacy. The first dose should be 75 mg for patients with normal body mass and proportionately larger when body mass is larger. Subsequent doses should be reduced in proportion to the degree of renal impairment. Timely therapeutic drug monitoring can provide invaluable dosing (and other) information to the clinician treating patients with influenza and could improve patient outcomes.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder in the Perspective of the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorder
Authors: Somma Antonella , Krueger Robert F. , Markon Kristian E. , Gialdi Giulia , Frau Claudia , Boscaro Linda , Liberatore Giada , Fossati Andrea 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To evaluate the relationships between body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorder (AMPD) criterion A and dysfunctional personality trait (i.e., criterion B) measures, 420 Italian community-dwelling women were administered three measures of BDD (i.e., the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire, the Body Dysmorphic Disorder–Dimensional Scale, and the Appearance Anxiety Inventory), as well as the Level of Personality Functioning Scale–Brief Form (LPFS-BF) and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5–Short Form (PID-5-SF). The three BDD measures showed substantial convergent validity correlations and could be reliably cumulated to obtain the BDD Cumulative Index (BDDCI). Several significant, nonnegligible correlations were observed between the BDDCI as well as the LPFS-BF scale scores and PID-5-SF personality trait scale scores. Relative importance weight analysis results showed that LPFS-BF scale scores and PID-5-SF trait scale scores were substantial predictors of the BDDCI scores (R
2 = 0.42, f
2 = 0.72). In particular, AMPD criterion A impairment in self-functioning and AMPD criterion B depressivity, anhedonia, perseveration, separation insecurity, and cognitive and perceptual dysregulation were core components of the dysfunctional personality profile associated with BDD.
Screening for Microscopic Hematuria in a Urogynecologic Population
Authors: Dune Tanaka J. , Kliethermes Stephanie , Mueller Elizabeth R. , Fitzgerald Colleen M. , Brubaker Linda , Brincat Cynthia A. 
Published: September 2020

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2020;26:382–386)
Microscopic hematuria (MH) is often used in the initial evaluation to determine if urinary cancer is present. Microscopic hematuria is often defined as the finding of greater than or equal to 3 red blood cells per high-power field (RBCs/HPF) on urinalysis with microscopy, but there is no broad consensus.
Opportunistic Salpingectomy at the Time of Urogynecologic Surgery: Why, in Whom, and How?
Authors: Catanzarite Tatiana , Eskander Ramez N. 
Published: September 2020

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2020;26:401–406)
Worldwide, ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, accounting for more than 184,000 deaths annually. Ninety percent of ovarian cancer cases are epithelial ovarian cancers, and 60% to 80% of epithelial ovarian cancers are high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC).
Predictors of Opioid Consumption in Immediate, Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Egan Katie G. , De Souza Michelle , Muenks Elizabeth , Nazir Niaman , Korentager Richard 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Current rates of opioid prescribing have deleterious consequences on both patient and societal levels. This study aims to evaluate responsible opioid prescribing and predictors of opioid consumption in immediate implant-based breast reconstruction.

Methods:
Patients undergoing consultation for immediate, implant-based breast reconstruction were enrolled in a prospective, cohort survey study. A survey was administered at the preoperative and postoperative appointment to collect data on pain expectations and opioid use. A medical record review was performed.

Results:
Of 100 enrolled patients, 97 (97.0 percent) underwent surgery and 85 (85.0 percent) completed the postoperative survey. Preoperatively, 27 patients (27.0 percent) had a history of a chronic pain syndrome, 34 (34.0 percent) had a history of a mental health comorbidity, and nine (9.0 percent) had a history of active preoperative opioid use. A total of 85 tissue expander (87.6 percent) and 12 direct-to-implant (12.4 percent) reconstructions were completed. Patients were prescribed an average of 36.0 5-mg oxycodone tablets postoperatively. Patients reported consuming an average of 20.6 tablets, or 57.0 percent of the average prescription amount. The majority of patients (75.3 percent) reported taking an opioid less than once per day at the time of survey completion, and 24 patients (28.2 percent) reported that they did not use any opioids postoperatively. Preoperative opioid use (p = 0.004), inpatient opioid consumption (p < 0.0001), and patient-reported anxiety related to pain control (p < 0.05) were predictors of opioid consumption.

Conclusions:
Patients undergoing mastectomy and implant-based breast reconstruction are prescribed nearly twice as many opioid tablets as consumed, and one in three patients report not using any opioids postoperatively. Clinical factors may help guide prescribing practices.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
Safety in Female Genital Plastic Surgery
Authors: Furnas Heather J. , Graw Grace J. , Cho Min-Jeong , Othman Sammy , Graw Bradley , Percec Ivona 
Published: September 2020

Learning Objectives:
After studying this article, participants should be able to: (1) Identify the most appropriate type of anesthesia for the female genital plastic surgical patient and minimize risks of nerve injury and thromboembolic event through proper preoperative evaluation and knowledge of positioning. (2) Define the vulvovaginal anatomy, including common variants, and assess vulvovaginal tissues after childbirth and menopause. (3) Apply surgical techniques to minimize complications in female genital plastic surgery. (4) Classify the types of female genital mutilation/cutting and design methods of reconstruction after female genital mutilation/cutting.

Summary:
Female genital plastic surgery is growing in popularity and in numbers performed. This CME article covers several aspects of safety in the performance of these procedures. In choosing the best candidates, the impact of patient motivation, body mass index, parity, menopause and estrogen therapy is discussed. Under anesthesia, consideration for the risks associated with the dorsal lithotomy position and avoidance of compartment syndrome, nerve injury, deep venous thromboses, and pulmonary embolus are covered. Anatomical variations are discussed, as is the impact of childbirth on tissues and muscles. Surgical safety, avoidance of complications, and postoperative care of a variety of vulvovaginal procedures are discussed. Videos showing anatomical variations and surgical techniques of the most common female genital procedures with recommendations to reduce the complication rate are included in the article. Finally, female genital mutilation/cutting is defined, and treatment, avoidance of complications, and postoperative care are discussed.
Differentiating Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy With Incidental Infarction From Ischemic Cardiomyopathy by Geometric Indices Derived From Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Costello Benedict T. , Papapostolou Stavroula , O’Brien Jessica , Taylor Andrew , Zhao Shihua 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to differentiate nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy with incidental myocardial infarction (NICM with incidental MI) from ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) by integrating left ventricular (LV) geometric indices and ischemic late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), obtained from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging.

Materials and Methods:
All subjects were studied on a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner. All patients had an LV ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% with LV dilation. LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), LVEDV index (LVEDVi), LVEF, the number and distribution of ischemic LGE segments, and ratios of volumetric and functional indices to ischemic LGE segments were determined. Logistic regression was used to detect the independent predictor of ICM. Receiver operating characteristic analysis differentiated NICM with incidental MI from ICM.

Results:
Of a total of 63 patients enrolled, 45 patients had ICM, and 18 patients had NICM with incidental MI. Both groups had similar LVEF. Compared with ICM, NICM with incidental MI had more LV dilation, whereas ICM had more ischemic LGE segments. A higher number of ischamic LGE segments remained an independent predictor of ICM (odds ratio: 18.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.64-201.34, P=0.018). The optimal cut-off value for detecting NICM with incidental MI is the ratio of LVEDVi to the number of ischemic LGE segments over 25 mL/m2/segment (sensitivity 100%, specificity 91%, P<0.0001).

Conclusion:
Patients with NICM with incidental MI can be reliably distinguished from ICM using the ratio of LVEDVi divided by the number of ischemic LGE segments. This technique may improve diagnosis and help aid management of patients with cardiomyopathy and coexistent coronary artery disease.
Treat or Wait? Natural Perioperative Course of Overactive Bladder Symptoms at the Time of Midurethral Sling Placement
Authors: Heliker Bhumy Davé , Kenton Kimberly , Komar Alix , Mueller Margaret G. , Lewicky-Gaupp Christina , Abernethy Melinda 
Published: September 2020

Objective
The aims of this study were to describe the perioperative course of untreated overactive bladder (OAB) (urinary frequency [UF] and urgency urinary incontinence [UUI]) before and after isolated retropubic midurethral sling (MUS) and to identify the time point for spontaneous OAB symptom improvement in the most patients.

Methods
This is a prospective cohort study of women undergoing an isolated MUS. Women completed the Urogenital Distress Inventory 6 and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire 7 preoperatively and weekly for 13 weeks postoperatively. Bothersome UF and UUI were defined as a response of “moderately” or “greatly” bothered on questions 1 and 2 of the Urogenital Distress Inventory. The treatment for OAB was deferred until 13 weeks after surgery.

Results
Fifty-four women were included with a mean ± SD age of 48 ± 9 years. Preoperatively, 41% of women reported both bothersome UF and UUI. Six weeks after surgery, only 15% and 6% reported bothersome UF and UUI (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Between 6 and 13 weeks, percentages of bothersome symptoms remained low (11.7% UF and 5.8% UUI). In addition, the impact of these urinary symptoms on activities, relationships, and feelings became consistently negligible (Incontinence Impact Questionnaire 7 median score <1) at 5 weeks postoperatively. Only 3 women desired treatment for UUI after the study period.

Conclusions
Overactive bladder is common before and immediately after MUS. However, the majority of patients have spontaneous symptom resolution by 6 weeks after surgery; it may be reasonable to discontinue preoperatively initiated overactive bladder treatment or defer starting treatment until this time point.
Foot Problems in Patients in Acute Care
Authors: Abu-Qamar Ma'en Zaid , Whitehead Lisa , Towell-Barnard Amanda , Kemp Vivien 
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE:
Determine the prevalence of foot problems in an inpatient population and to describe demographic data, comorbid conditions, and type of footwear worn.

DESIGN:
Observational point-prevalence cross-sectional design.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The study setting was a 722-bed licensed hospital in Western Australia. A convenience sampling was used to include adults hospitalized in the study setting during the period of data collection.

METHODS:
A subset of foot questions, guided by a literature review, and input from foot, wound, diabetes, and psychometric researchers and clinicians, was incorporated into the hospital point-prevalence survey conducted annually for nursing safety and quality. Trained nurses collected data during the 1-day survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and 2-tailed tests; associations between study variables were analyzed.

RESULTS:
Two hundred twenty-one patients participated in the survey; a majority (n = 193, 87%) self-reported at least 1 foot problem. More than half (n = 124) reported 3 foot problems and nearly one-third (n = 67) had 5 or more foot problems. Thick nails, damaged nails, and calluses and corns were the most frequently occurring foot problems. Older participants were more likely to have certain foot problems such as calluses and thick nails. Eleven (5%) participants were admitted to the hospital for a foot-related condition.

CONCLUSION:
The majority of foot problems in our study were found to be minor and not the primary admitting diagnosis. However, even minor foot problems can pose a risk of worsening, especially in high-risk populations such as those with diabetes. Thus, detection is critical in overall patient assessment, and nurses play a critical role in assessment and management of minor foot problems through the delivery of skin and nail care and through collaboration with other professionals who provide specialized foot care.
Trends in scientific research on Environmental Education: A scientometric review
Authors: Gomes Leonardo Fernandes , Pereira Hasley Rodrigo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGiven the need to understand the current approaches to Environmental Education (EE) in the world, we answer the following questions: (i) Have the studies directed to EE received attention from the scientific community? (ii) what are the trends in EE publications? In the past years, there has been an increase in the number of publications on EE. Brazil stood out in the number of publications, reflecting the concern of Brazilian researchers to promote sustainability and biodiversity maintenance. As for the approaches, the studies are broad, ranging from the influence of policies on environmental protection to the importance of reflection at a global level, proposing international agreements. However, regarding the EE application, given the multiple existing currents, it is worth emphasizing the importance of the teaching-learning process to take place critically so that there is no favoring of the contents promoted and supported by a hegemonic class.
Force generation by protein-DNA co-condensation
Authors: Quail Thomas , Golfier Stefan , Elsner Maria , Ishihara Keisuke , Murugesan Vasanthanarayan , Renger Roman , Jülicher Frank , Brugués Jan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInteractions between liquids and surfaces generate forces1,2that are crucial for many processes in biology, physics, and engineering, including the motion of insects on the surface of water3, modulation of the material properties of spider silk4, and self-assembly of microstructures5. Recent studies have shown that cells assemble biomolecular condensates via phase separation6. In the nucleus, these condensates are thought to drive transcription7, heterochromatin formation8, nucleolus assembly9, and DNA repair10. Here, we show that the interaction between liquid-like condensates and DNA generates forces that might play a role in bringing distant regulatory elements of DNA together, a key step in transcriptional regulation. We combine quantitative microscopy,in vitroreconstitution, optical tweezers, and theory to show that the transcription factor FoxA1 mediates the condensation of a DNA-protein phase via a mesoscopic first- order phase transition. After nucleation, co-condensation forces drive growth of this phase by pulling non-condensed DNA. Altering the tension on the DNA strand enlarges or dissolves the condensates, revealing their mechanosensitive nature. These findings show that DNA condensation mediated by transcription factors could bring distant regions of DNA in close proximity, suggesting that this physical mechanism is a possible general regulatory principle for chromatin organization that may be relevantin vivo.
MetaFusion: A high-confidence metacaller for filtering and prioritizing RNA-seq gene fusion candidates
Authors: Apostolides Michael , Jiang Yue , Husić Mia , Siddaway Robert , Hawkins Cynthia , Turinsky Andrei L. , Brudno Michael , Ramani Arun K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMotivationCurrent fusion detection tools use diverse calling approaches and provide varying results, making selection of the appropriate tool challenging. Ensemble fusion calling techniques appear promising; however, current options have limited accessibility and function.ResultsMetaFusion is a flexible meta-calling tool that amalgamates outputs from any number of fusion callers. Individual caller results are standardized by conversion into the new file type Common Fusion Format (CFF). Calls are annotated, merged using graph clustering, filtered, and ranked to provide a final output of high confidence candidates. MetaFusion consistently achieves higher precision and recall than individual callers on real and simulated datasets, and reaches up to 100% precision, indicating that ensemble calling is imperative for high confidence results. MetaFusion uses FusionAnnotator to annotate calls with information from cancer fusion databases, and is provided with a benchmarking toolkit to calibrate new callers.AvailabilityMetaFusion is freely available athttps://github.com/ccmbioinfo/MetaFusionContactarun.ramani@sickkids.caSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Scalable Models of Antibody Evolution and Benchmarking of Clonal Tree Reconstruction Methods
Authors: Zhang Chao , Bzikadze Andrey V. , Safonova Yana , Mirarab Siavash 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAffinity maturation (AM) of antibodies through somatic hypermutations (SHMs) enables the immune system to evolve to recognize diverse pathogens. The accumulation of SHMs leads to the formation of clonal trees of antibodies produced by B cells that have evolved from a common naive B cell. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing have enabled deep scans of antibody repertoires, paving the way for reconstructing clonal trees. However, it is not clear if clonal trees, which capture micro-evolutionary time scales, can be reconstructed using traditional phylogenetic reconstruction methods with adequate accuracy. In fact, several clonal tree reconstruction methods have been developed to fix supposed shortcomings of phylogenetic methods. Nevertheless, no consensus has been reached regarding the relative accuracy of these methods, partially because evaluation is challenging. Benchmarking the performance of existing methods and developing better methods would both benefit from realistic models of clonal tree evolution specifically designed for emulating B cell evolution. In this paper, we propose a model for modeling B cell clonal tree evolution and use this model to benchmark several existing clonal tree reconstruction methods. Our model, designed to be extensible, has several features: by evolving the clonal tree and sequences simultaneously, it allows modelling selective pressure due to changes in affinity binding; it enables scalable simulations of millions of cells; it enables several rounds of infection by an evolving pathogen; and, it models building of memory. In addition, we also suggest a set of metrics for comparing clonal trees and for measuring their properties. Our benchmarking results show that while maximum likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction methods can fail to capture key features of clonal tree expansion if applied naively, a very simple postprocessing of their results, where super short branches are contracted, leads to inferences that are better than alternative methods.