bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peri-Infarct Quantification by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance to Predict Outcomes in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Haghbayan Hourmazd , Lougheed Nick , Deva Djeven P. , Chan Kelvin K.W. , Lima João A.C. , Yan Andrew T. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
In ischemic cardiomyopathy, cardiac magnetic resonance assessment of the peri-infarct zone, a potential substrate for arrhythmogenesis, may serve as a novel prognosticator and guide the optimal use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the prognostic value of the peri-infarct zone on late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance in ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Methods:
We searched MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), EMBASE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), and CENTRAL (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) from inception to January 2019 for prognostic studies relating peri-infarct size with clinical outcomes in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Two authors independently performed study selection and data extraction. Pooled effect estimates were calculated with random effects models, risk of bias and strength of evidence were assessed by the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Education, respectively.

Results:

Twenty studies were eligible, representing 14 cohort studies (n=1518) with mean follow-up of 3.6 years and 6 cross-sectional studies (n=189). The extent of the peri-infarct zone was significantly predictive of all-cause mortality (3 studies; n=539; hazard ratio, 1.34/10 g [95% CI, 1.13–1.59];
I

2

=0%; high-quality evidence), appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy (5 studies; n=361; hazard ratio, 1.31/10 g [95% CI, 1.17–1.47];
I

2

=0%; high-quality evidence), and inducibility of ventricular tachycardia on electrophysiological study (5 studies; n=167; OR, 2.63/g [95% CI, 1.39–4.96];
I

2

=14%; low-quality evidence). After adjusting for age and left ventricular ejection fraction, the peri-infarct zone, as a percentage of total infarct size, remained an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (2 studies; n=445; hazard ratio, 1.29/10% [95% CI, 1.15–1.44];
I

2

=0%; high-quality evidence).

Conclusions:
There is limited but consistent evidence that quantification of the peri-infarct zone predicts long-term mortality and appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Future studies should confirm whether late gadolinium enhancement-cardiac magnetic resonance assessment may improve implantable cardioverter-defibrillator treatment decisions.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/
. Unique identifier: CRD42017077337.
Modeling the Optimal Transportation for Acute Stroke Treatment
Authors: Ernst Marielle , Schlemm Eckhard , Holodinsky Jessalyn K. , Kamal Noreen , Thomalla Götz , Fiehler Jens , Brekenfeld Caspar 
Published: November 2019

Background and Purpose—
Health systems are faced with the challenge of ensuring fast access to appropriate therapy for patients with acute stroke. The paradigms primarily discussed are mothership and drip and ship. Less attention has been focused on the drip-and-drive (DD) paradigm. Our aim was to analyze whether and under what conditions DD would predict the greatest probability of good outcome for patients with suspected ischemic stroke in Northwestern Germany.

Methods—

Conditional probability models based on the decay curves for endovascular therapy and intravenous thrombolysis were created to determine the best transport paradigm, and results were displayed using map visualizations. Our study area consisted of the federal states of Lower Saxony, Hamburg, and Schleswig-Holstein in Northwestern Germany covering an area of 64 065 km
2
with a population of 12 703 561 in 2017 (198 persons per km
2
). In several scenarios, the catchment area, that is, the region that would result in the greatest probability of good outcomes, was calculated for each of the mothership, drip-and-ship, and the DD paradigms. Several different treatment time parameters were varied including onset-to-first-medical-response time, ambulance-on-scene time, door-to-needle time at primary stroke center, needle-to-door time, door-to-needle time at comprehensive stroke center, door-to-groin-puncture time, needle-to-interventionalist-leave time, and interventionalist-arrival-to-groin-puncture time.

Results—

The mothership paradigm had the largest catchment area; however, the DD catchment area was larger than the drip-and-ship catchment area so long as the needle-to-interventionalist-leave time and the interventionalist-arrival-to-groin-puncture time remain <40 minutes each. A slowed workflow in the DD paradigm resulted in a decrease of the DD catchment area to 1221 km
2
(2%).

Conclusions—
Our study suggests the largest catchment area for the mothership paradigm and a larger catchment area of DD paradigm compared with the drip-and-ship paradigm in Northwestern Germany in most scenarios. The existence of different paradigms allows the spread of capacities, shares the cost and hospital income, and gives primary stroke centers the possibility to provide endovascular therapy services 24/7.
Role of Maritime Continent Land Convection on the Mean State and MJO Propagation
Authors: Ahn Min-Seop , Kim Daehyun , Ham Yoo-Geun , Park Sungsu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Maritime Continent (MC) region is known as a “barrier” in the life cycle of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). During boreal winter, the MJO detours the equatorial MC land region southward and propagates through the oceanic region. Also, about half of the MJO events that initiate over the Indian Ocean cease around the MC. The mechanism through which the MC affects MJO propagation, however, has remained unanswered. The current study investigates the MJO–MC interaction with a particular focus on the role of MC land convection. Using a global climate model that simulates both mean climate and MJO realistically, we performed two sensitivity experiments in which updraft plume radius is set to its maximum and minimum value only in the MC land grid points, making convective top deeper and shallower, respectively. Our results show that MC land convection plays a key role in shaping the 3D climatological moisture distribution around the MC through its local and nonlocal effects. Shallower and weaker MC land convection results in a steepening of the vertical and meridional mean moisture gradient over the MC region. The opposite is the case when MC land convection becomes deeper and stronger. The MJO’s eastward propagation is enhanced (suppressed) with the steeper (lower) mean moisture gradient. The moist static energy (MSE) budget of the MJO reveals the vertical and meridional advection of the mean MSE by MJO wind anomalies as the key processes that are responsible for the changes in MJO propagation characteristics. Our results pinpoint the critical role of the background moisture gradient on MJO propagation.
Changes in Lake Area in the Inner Mongolian Plateau under Climate Change: The Role of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Liu Yong , Chen Huopo , Zhang Guoqing , Sun Jianqi , Li Hua , Wang Huijun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe lake area in the Inner Mongolian Plateau (IMP) has experienced a rapid reduction in recent decades. Previous studies have highlighted the important role of intensive human activities in IMP lake shrinkage. However, this study found that climate change–induced summer precipitation variations can exert great influences on the IMP lake area variations. The results suggest that the decadal shift in the IMP summer precipitation may be the predominant contributor to lake shrinkage. Further analysis reveals that the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) play important roles in the IMP summer precipitation variations. The AMO seems to provide beneficial large-scale circulation fields for the decadal variations in the IMP summer precipitation, and the Arctic SIC decline is favorable for weakening the IMP summer precipitation intensity after the late 1990s. Evidence indicates that the vorticity advection related to the Arctic SIC decline can result in the generation of Rossby wave resources in the midlatitudes. Then, the strengthened wave resources become favorable for enhancing the stationary wave propagation across Eurasia and inducing cyclonic circulation over the Mongolia–Baikal regions, which might bring more rainfall northward and weaken the IMP summer precipitation intensity. Consequently, due to the decreased rainfall and gradual warming after the late 1990s, the lake area in the IMP has experienced a downward trend in recent years.
Media coverage of reports published by the Québec Ombudsman: an automated content analysis
Authors: Duval Dominic , Jacob Steve , Montigny Eric , Ouimet Mathieu 
Published: November 2019

This article examines media coverage of reports published by the Québec Ombudsman, a body that upholds the rights of citizens and that goes by the name of ‘Public Protector’. A large part of the Québec Ombudsman’s mandate is to conduct investigations and issue recommendations following infringements by Québec’s administrative apparatus that affect one or several citizens. These infringements are reported to the ombudsman by citizens, which means that it must be visible to the public. Such visibility relies, to a great extent, on the media, hence the importance of analysing the Québec Ombudsman’s media coverage, a subject that has received little attention in the academic literature. Our article reveals that media coverage of the ombudsman’s reports is inconsistent. We also observe that, on average, newspaper articles adopt a more negative tone than the reports themselves. However, contrary to our expectations, reports with a more negative tone are not necessarily given more media coverage. The best predictor of the presence or absence of media coverage and tone congruence between reports and articles appears to be the presence of a press release issued by the ombudsman. Points for practitioners This article examines media coverage of reports published by the Québec Ombudsman. Based on an automated content analysis, it appears that the media coverage of the reports is not explained by the tone used in the documents published by the Québec Ombudsman. Reports that are more negative are not necessarily given greater coverage by journalists than positive reports. Direct communication efforts with the media (e.g. a press conference and the publication of a press release) are more likely to lead to media coverage.
Not decided in the kitchen! Technocracy and the regulatory-welfare politics of India’s Direct Benefits Transfer reform
Authors: Yerramsetti Srinivas 
Published: November 2019

Public policies designed to advance governance reform without the corresponding legal frameworks that secure democratic values can exacerbate the power imbalance between the government and the policies’ targets. This article discusses India’s post-liberalization changes through the governance paradigms of New Public Management and technocracy. Using the case of Direct Benefits Transfer reform, it traces the emergence of technocracy as a governance paradigm. It discusses the implications of technocracy’s complementarity with contemporary populism for the restructuring of social citizenship. It makes a case for a neo-Weberian transformation through a renewed commitment to a legal approach to public administration in order to reinforce the public’s faith in the role of the administrative state as an instrument of emancipation and social progress. Points for practitioners Public administration, especially in non-Western contexts, is characterized by the prioritization of managerial innovations in government over the establishment of legal frameworks. In that context, this article illustrates two central points for practitioners: • The powers of delegated legislation should be exercised transparently and by establishing a clear relationship to the formally stated policy objectives. • The operations of the administrative state should be structured in order to advance the goals of both distributive and procedural justice.
How to treat patients with acute respiratory failure? Conventional oxygen therapy versus high‐flow nasal cannula in the emergency department
Authors: Gedikloglu Mustafa , Gulen Muge , Satar Salim , Icen Yahya Kemal , Avci Akkan , Yesiloglu Onder , Karcioglu Ozgur 
Published: November 2019

Objective:To investigate whether high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy could reduce the rate of endotracheal intubation and improve arterial blood gas values, vital signs, and clinical outcomes of patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure as compared with conventional oxygen therapy alone.Methods:This retrospective, observational study was performed in the 15‐month study period and included adult patients with tachypnea and hypoxemia, whose vital signs and arterial blood gas were monitored. The high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen group consisted of patients admitted to the emergency department with acute respiratory failure when high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen treatment was available in the hospital, while the conventional oxygen therapy group consisted of patients who have presented to the emergency department with acute respiratory failure in the absence of high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen device in the hospital. The primary outcome of the study was improvement in vital signs and arterial blood gas values within first and fourth hours of the treatment. The second outcome was the need for intubation in the emergency department, length of hospital stay, and hospital mortality.Results:The decrease in the pulse and respiratory rate of high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen–treated group was significantly greater than the conventional oxygen therapy group on the first and fourth hours of treatment (p < 0.001). PaO2 values were significantly higher in the high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen group at the first and fourth hours of treatment (p ⩽ 0.001). Likewise, mean SaO2 levels of patients receiving high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen treatment was significantly higher than those of patients in the conventional oxygen therapy group (p = 0.006 at 1 h and p < 0.001 at 4 h). In the hypercapnic patients, the decrease in PaCO2 and increase in pH and PaO2 values were significantly greater in high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen group (p < 0.001). The difference between the groups regarding the need for invasive mechanical ventilation was not statistically significant (p = 0.179).Conclusion:High‐flow nasal cannula oxygen treatment has been associated with favorable effects in vital signs and arterial blood gas values in patients with acute respiratory failure. High‐flow nasal cannula oxygen might be considered as the first‐line therapy for patients with hypoxemic and/or hypercapnic acute respiratory failure.
Increasing Adherence to Adjuvant Hormone Therapy Among Patients With Breast Cancer: A Smart Phone App-Based Pilot Study
Authors: Krok-Schoen Jessica L. , Naughton Michelle J. , Young Gregory S. , Moon Jennifer , Poi Ming , Melin Susan A. , Wood Marie E. , Hopkins Judith O. , Paskett Electra D. , Post Douglas M. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: This study tested the feasibility and efficacy of using a text-based intervention to increase initiation, decrease discontinuation, and improve adherence as prescribed to adjuvant hormone therapy (AHT) among hyphenate post-menopausal breast cancer survivors. Methods: The 3-month intervention consisted of daily text message reminders to take medication, coupled with a dynamic (eg, feedback on progress) tailored intervention using weekly interactive surveys delivered by a smartphone app. Five clinic sites within the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology participated. Hormone levels were measured prior to AHT initiation and at study exit. Results: Of the 39 patients recruited to the pilot study, 27 (69.2%) completed all study requirements (completed both the baseline and the exit surveys, both blood draws, and did not miss more than 2 weekly surveys). Significant improvements were observed pre- to postintervention for self-reported medication adherence ( P = .015), mental health functioning ( P = .007), and perceived stress ( P = .04). Significant decreases in estradiol, estrogen, and estrone hormone levels were observed from baseline to study exit ( P < .001), indicating the accuracy of self-reported AHT adherence. Participants (91.9%) and physicians (100%) agreed that participant participation in the intervention was beneficial. Conclusions: The results of this pilot study established the general feasibility and efficacy of an app-based intervention to support patient AHT adherence. Larger controlled, randomized trials are needed to examine the effectiveness of the app-based intervention in improving AHT and quality of life among breast cancer survivors.
Pembrolizumab- and/or pazopanib-induced remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema in a patient with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Bas Onur , Ozbek Aral , Guven Denizcan , Aktepe Oktay , Kılıc Levent , Kertmen Neyran , Erman Mustafa 
Published: November 2019

Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors and angiogenesis inhibitors are novel treatment options for renal cell carcinoma and widely used in clinical practice. They are related with adverse events that occur as a consequence of immune system activation and inhibition of angiogenesis. Herein, we report a rare case of inflammatory arthritis seen in a patient treated with an anti Programmed cell death-1 pembrolizumab and an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor pazopanib. Case report A 60-year-old Caucasian male presented to our clinic with inflammatory arthritis with pitting edema. He had been started on pembrolizumab therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma after enrolling in the KEYNOTE-679 study. After six cycles of treatment with pembrolizumab, metastasis had been determined in the lung. Then, the patient’s therapy was changed to pazopanib. While the patient was on pazopanib treatment, he noticed a gradual swelling of both hands. Rheumatoid factor, anti-nuclear antibody and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide were negative. Joint ultrasonography revealed acute tenosynovitis and soft tissue swelling with pitting edema, and a diagnosis of remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema was made. Management and outcome: He was started on 10 mg prednisolone daily. His symptoms dramatically responded to corticosteroid. He continued to take pazopanib. Then, the patient was discharged with 10 mg prednisolone daily. Discussion Pembrolizumab- and/or pazopanib-induced remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema can be among the rare rheumatic immune-related adverse events that clinicians may encounter as the immune check point inhibitors and anti-VEGF use increases. Corticosteroid therapy can relieve symptoms and cessation of therapy may not be necessary.
Optic neuritis induced by 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Raina Anant J , Gilbar Peter J , Grewal Guranjan D , Holcombe David J 
Published: November 2019

Introduction For over 50 years, 5-Fluorouracil has played a critical role in the treatment of numerous malignancies, including colorectal cancer. Ocular side effects are uncommon and include blurred vision, conjunctivitis, excessive lacrimation and keratitis. Case report We report a 57-year-old male with metastatic colorectal cancer who had received extensive chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil-based regimens for over 12 months. Following his seventh cycle of cetuximab/FOLFIRI, he developed acute onset global headache, nausea and loss of vision in the right eye. After detailed investigations, including ophthalmologic and neurologic consultations, a diagnosis of optic neuritis was made. Management and outcome Chemotherapy was ceased immediately, and intravenous methylprednisolone (1 g) daily for five days was commenced. His headache resolved and vision started to improve within 24 h. Three weeks after completion of corticosteroids, constriction of the right visual field had fully resolved. Discussion Atypical optic neuritis is an inflammatory optic neuropathy that can be caused by ischaemia, mechanical compression, nutritional deficiency, toxins and drugs. Drug-induced optic neuritis, while rare, is associated with cytotoxic medications including methotrexate, cisplatin, carboplatin, vincristine and paclitaxel. There have only been five previous case reports implicating 5-Fluorouracil in the development of optic neuropathy. The likelihood of the adverse drug reaction due to 5-Fluorouracil was assessed using the Naranjo algorithm. A score of +7 indicates probable causality. Clinicians should be alert to this potential ocular toxicity in order to initiate prompt cessation of treatment and early ophthalmology referral to prevent visual loss and damage to ocular structures.
A Novel Population of Oct-4+ SSEA-1+ CXCR4+ CD34+ CD133+ Lin− CD45− Very Small Embryonic-Like (VSEL) Stem Cells Identified in Human Cord Blood.
Authors: Kucia Magda , Halasa Maciej , Wysoczynski Marcin , Baskiewicz-Masiuk Magda , Zuba-Surma Ewa , Machalinski Bogdan , Ratajczak Mariusz Z. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mononuclear cells (MNC) isolated from bone marrow (BM) or cord blood (CB) contributes to organ/tissue regeneration, however, the identity of the specific cell type(s) involved remains unknown. Recently we identified in murine BM a homogenous population of rare (~0.01% of BM MNC) Sca-1+ lin− CD45− cells that express by RQ-PCR and immunhistochemistry markers of pluripotent stem cells (PSC) such as SSEA-1, Oct-4, Nanog and Rex-1, highly express Rif-1 telomerase protein and display several features typical for primary embryonic stem cells such as
a small size (~2–4 um in diameter), a large nuclei surrounded by a narrow rim of cytoplasm, and open-type chromatin (euchromatin) that is typical for embryonic stem cells (Leukemia2006;20,857–869).
These cells were named very small embryonic-like (VSELs) stem cells. We will present a new two step isolation procedure to purify a similar population of cells from human CB, which is based on isolation of CB mononuclear cells (CB MNC) by hypotonic lysis and multiparameter FACS sorting. Accordingly, we perform
hypotonic lysis of CB to remove erythrocytes and to enrich for CB MNC combined with multiparameter sorting for CXCR4+AC133+CD34+lin−CD45− CB MNC.
CB-derived VSELs (CB-VSELs) isolated this way similarly as those isolated from adult murine BM are very small (3–5 um), possess large nuclei containing unorganized euchromatin, express nuclear embryonic transcription factors Oct-4 and Nanog and surface embryonic antigen SSEA-4. In vitro cultures CB-VSELs are able to grow neurospheres that gave rise to neuronal lineages (beta-III tubulin+, nestin+, O4+, MBP+, GFAP+) and cardiomyocytes (beta-myosin heavy chain+, alpha-sarcomeric actin. Based on this we conclude that CB contains VSELs and that the majority of these CB VSELs are lost during routine procedures employed currently for banking of CB MNC. Thus based on our observations, new more efficient methods of CB banking are needed that will enrich/preserve these cells in CB units during preparation before storage. Furthermore, we conclude that CB tissue/organ regenerating potential may be much higher than initially postulated if the proper fraction of CB MNC is employed and we are currently testing this hypothesis in animal models.