bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pacing and Performance in Swimming: Differences Between Individual and Relay Events
Authors: McGibbon Katie E. , Shephard Megan E. , Osborne Mark A. , Thompson Kevin G. , Pyne David B. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose: Although pacing is considered crucial for success in individual swimming events, there is a lack of research examining pacing in relays. The authors investigated the impact of start lap and pacing strategy on swimming performance and whether these strategies differ between relays and the corresponding individual event. Methods: Race data for 716 relay (4 × 200-m freestyle) finals from 14 international competitions between 2010 and 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Each swimmer’s individual 200-m freestyle season’s best time for the same year was used for comparison. Races were classified as a fast, average, or slow start lap strategy (lap 1) and as an even, negative, or positive pacing strategy (laps 2–4) to give an overall race strategy, for example, average start lap even pacing. Results: A fast start lap strategy was associated with slower 200-m times (range 0.5–0.9 s, P ≤ .04) irrespective of gender, and positive pacing led to slower 200-m (0.4–0.5 s, P ≤ .03) times in females. A fast start lap strategy led to positive pacing in 71% of swimmers. Half of the swimmers changed pacing strategy, with 13% and 7% more female and male swimmers, respectively, displaying positive pacing in relays compared with individual events. In relays, a fast start lap and positive pacing was utilized more frequently by swimmers positioned on second to fourth relay legs (+13%) compared with lead-off leg swimmers (+3%). Conclusion: To maximize performance, swimmers should be more conservative in the first lap and avoid unnecessary alterations in race strategy in relay events.
Melt-present shear zones enable intracontinental orogenesis
Authors: Piazolo Sandra , Daczko Nathan R. , Silva David , Raimondo Tom 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Localized rheological weakening is required to initiate and sustain intracontinental orogenesis, but the reasons for weakening remain debated. The intracontinental Alice Springs orogen dominates the lithospheric architecture of central Australia and involved prolonged (450–300 Ma) but episodic mountain building. The mid-crustal core of the orogen is exposed at its eastern margin, where field relationships and microstructures demonstrate that deformation was accommodated in biotite-rich shear zones. Rheological weakening was caused by localized melt-present deformation coupled with melt-induced reaction softening. This interpretation is supported by the coeval and episodic nature of melt-present deformation, igneous activity, and sediment shed from the developing orogen. This study identifies localized melt availability as an important ingredient enabling intracontinental orogenesis.
U-Pb and Re-Os geochronology tracks stratigraphic condensation in the Sturtian snowball Earth aftermath
Authors: Rooney Alan D. , Yang Chuan , Condon Daniel J. , Zhu Maoyan , Macdonald Francis A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe snowball Earth hypothesis predicts a strong hysteresis resulting in discrete multi-million-year glaciations followed by globally synchronous deglaciation. Here we present new U-Pb zircon and Re-Os sedimentary rock geochronology and Os isotope chemostratigraphy from post-Sturtian sequences in south China to test the synchroneity of deglaciation. High-precision chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) U-Pb zircon dates refine the minimum age of deglaciation to 660.98 ± 0.74 Ma, which is ∼2 m.y. older than previously reported. We also provide a new maximum age constraint on the onset of the Marinoan glaciation of 657.17 ± 0.78 Ma. A global compilation of new Os isotope chemostratigraphy reveals a large and systematic trend to unradiogenic values over &lt;1 m of stratigraphy. Together, these data indicate that the Mn-carbonates in south China are not cap carbonates that formed as a response to post-snowball alkalinity, but are authigenic carbonates that formed millions of years after deglaciation. Sturtian cap carbonates tend to be absent or more condensed than their younger Marinoan counterparts. We suggest that this reflects a combination of enhanced accommodation space in early Cryogenian underfilled rift basins, stronger hysteresis, larger ice volume, and/or higher CO2 levels needed for deglaciation of the longer Sturtian glaciation. Further, our findings indicate that the apparent diachroneity of deglaciation can be explained readily as a consequence of stratigraphic condensation, itself due to the large post-Sturtian glacioeustatic transgressive sequence that outpaced shallow-water carbonate deposition.
Impact of nutrition education on nutritional knowledge and intentions towards nutritional counselling in Dutch medical students: an intervention study
Authors: Coppoolse Hester L , Seidell Jaap C , Dijkstra S Coosje 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveManagement of diet-related chronic diseases may benefit from improved nutrition education of medical students. This study aims to investigate the effects of a nutrition education course on nutritional knowledge and intentions towards nutritional counselling in Dutch medical students.DesignThis is a pre–post intervention study with a comparison group. Participants completed self-reported questionnaires on nutritional knowledge and intentions towards nutritional counselling.ParticipantsIn total, 118 medical students (64.4% undergraduate, 73.2% women) were recruited from two medical schools in the Netherlands (n=66 intervention group, n=52 comparison group).InterventionThe intervention group completed a 25-hour course in nutritional counselling (the Students Experienced in Lifestyle and Food (SELF) course) in addition to the standard medical curriculum. The comparison group followed the standard medical curriculum.Outcome measuresSelf-reported nutritional knowledge and intentions towards nutritional counselling, including attitude, self-efficacy and social support.ResultsNutritional knowledge (B: 2.42, 95% CI 1.81 to 3.02), attitude in men (B: 0.50, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.87) and self-efficacy (B: 0.78, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.95) significantly increased in the intervention group compared with the comparison group. No significant differences were found for social support (B: 0.20, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.43) and attitude in women (B: 0.08, 95% CI −0.24 to 0.31) between the two groups.ConclusionsThe SELF course increased medical students’ nutritional knowledge and stimulated their intentions towards nutritional counselling. Future research is needed to evaluate the long-term impact of nutrition education interventions on physician practice patterns and patient outcomes.
Evaluation of non-invasive continuous physiological monitoring devices for neonates in Nairobi, Kenya: a research protocol
Authors: Ginsburg Amy Sarah , Nkwopara Evangelyn , Macharia William , Ochieng Roseline , Waiyego Mary , Zhou Guohai , Karasik Roman , Xu Shuai , Ansermino J Mark 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionContinuous physiological monitoring devices are often not available for monitoring high-risk neonates in low-resource settings. Easy-to-use, non-invasive, multiparameter, continuous physiological monitoring devices could be instrumental in providing appropriate care and improving outcomes for high-risk neonates in these low-resource settings.Methods and analysisThe purpose of this prospective, observational, facility-based evaluation is to provide evidence to establish whether two existing non-invasive, multiparameter, continuous physiological monitoring devices developed by device developers, EarlySense and Sibel, can accurately and reliably measure vital signs in neonates (when compared with verified reference devices). We will also assess the feasibility, usability and acceptability of these devices for use in neonates in low-resource settings in Africa. Up to 500 neonates are enrolled in two phases: (1) a verification and accuracy evaluation phase at Aga Khan University—Nairobi and (2) a clinical feasibility evaluation phase at Pumwani Maternity Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. Both quantitative and qualitative data are collected and analysed. Agreement between the investigational and reference devices is determined using a priori-defined accuracy thresholds.Ethics and disseminationThis trial was approved by the Aga Khan University Nairobi Research Ethics Committee and the Western Institutional Review Board. We plan to disseminate research results in peer-reviewed journals and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03920761.
Identifying novel oncogenicRETmutations and characterising their sensitivity to RET-specific inhibitors
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Fu Tao , Gao Jiyue , Xu Yang , Wu Xue , Chen Wenjuan , Li Xuesong , Yu Ruoying , Shao Yang Washington , Li Man , Yao Yu 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundRearranged during transfection (RET) is a well-known proto-oncogene. MultipleREToncogenic alterations have been identified, including fusions and mutations. AlthoughRETfusions have been reported in multiple cancers,RETmutations were mainly found in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and medullary thyroid carcinoma.RETmutations in other cancers were underinvestigated and their functional annotation was less well studied.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed next-generation sequencing data from 37 056 patients with cancer to search forRETmutations. We excluded patients with other co-occurring known driver mutations to enrich potential activatingRETmutations for further analysis. Moreover, we performed in vitro functional validation of the oncogenic property of several high frequent and novelRETmutants and their sensitivity to RET-specific inhibitors LOXO-292 and BLU-667.ResultsWithin 560 (1.5%) patients with cancer who harbourRETmutations, we identified 380 distinctRETmutation sites, including 252 sites without co-occurring driver mutations.RETmutations were more frequently found in thyroid cancer, mediastinal tumour and several other cancers. The mutation sites spread out through the whole protein with a few hotspots within the kinase domain. In addition, we functionally validated that 898-901del, T930P and T930K were novelRET-activating mutations and they were all sensitive to RET inhibitors.ConclusionOur results demonstrated the frequency ofRETmutations across different cancers. We reported and/or validated several previously uncharacterisedREToncogenic mutations and demonstrated their sensitivity to RET-specific inhibitors. Our results help to stratify patients with cancer based on theirRETmutation status and potentially provide more targeted treatment options.
Éléments structurant les programmes d’activité physique dans la lutte contre le surpoids et l’obésité : état des lieux et suggestions
Authors: Dumoulin Coralie , Reynes Eric , Berthouze Sophie E. 
Published: April 2020

À ce jour, les programmes d’activité physique (AP) visant les personnes atteintes de surpoids et d’obésité s’organisent autour des recommandations érigées pour la population générale. Toutefois, ces personnes présentent des caractéristiques particulières qui nécessitent un accompagnement adapté. Afin de pouvoir amorcer un travail de recommandation, l’objectif de cet article était de répertorier les critères utilisés pour décrire et étudier les programmes d’AP à destination des personnes atteintes de surpoids et d’obésité et les suivis post-programmes. Une revue systématique des méta-analyses et revues systématiques portant sur la prise en charge du surpoids et de l’obésité adulte a permis, notamment, de mettre en évidence que peu d’éléments descriptifs des programmes sont rapportés de manière systématique, et que les programmes sont rarement suffisamment détaillés pour pouvoir calculer une dose d’AP ou permettre leur comparaison. Ces convergences, disparités ou manques dans la description des programmes d’AP, ont permis d’engager une réflexion sur l’intérêt des différents critères ainsi que sur l’intérêt de leur systématisation dans les dispositifs de prise en charge de la gestion du poids incluant l’AP, pour ce que nous espérons être une première étape vers l’élaboration de recommandations en matière de prise en charge du surpoids et de l’obésité par l’AP. Les nouveautés Objectif : répertorier les critères de description des programmes d’AP dans la prise en charge du surpoids et de l’obésité. Critères à systématiser : calcul dose d’AP, individualisation programme. Critères à développer : taux d’abandon comme indicateur d’adaptation du programme, stratégie de gestion de la fatigue.
A comprehensive analysis of weak transition form factors for doubly heavy baryons in the light front approach
Authors: Hu Xiao-Hui , Li Run-Hui , Xing Zhi-Peng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe transition form factors for doubly heavy baryons into a spin-1/2 or spin-3/2 ground-state baryon induced by both the charged current and the flavor changing neutral current are systematically studied within the light-front quark model. In the transition the two spectator quarks have two spin configurations and both are considered in this calculation. We use an updated vertex functions, and inspired by the flavor SU(3) symmetry, we also provide a new approach to derive the flavor-spin factors. With the obtained transition form factors, we perform a phenomenological study of the corresponding semi-leptonic decays of doubly heavy baryons induced by the $$c\rightarrow d/s \ell ^+\nu $$c→d/sℓ+ν, $$b\rightarrow c/u\ell ^-\bar{\nu }$$b→c/uℓ-ν¯ and $$b\rightarrow d/s\ell ^+\ell ^-$$b→d/sℓ+ℓ-. Results for partial decay widths, branching ratios and the polarization ratios $$\Gamma _{L}/\Gamma _{T}$$ΓL/ΓTs are given. We find that most branching ratios for the semi-leptonic decays induced by the $$c\rightarrow d,s$$c→d,s transitions are at the order of $$10^{-3}\sim 10^{-2}$$10-3∼10-2, which might be useful for the search of other doubly-heavy baryons. Uncertainties in form factors, the flavor SU(3) symmetry and sources of symmetry breaking effects are discussed. We find that the SU(3) symmetry breaking effects could be sizable in charmed baryon decays while in the bottomed case, the SU(3) symmetry breaking effects are less significant. Our results can be examined at the experimental facilities in the future.
Special issue: Dynamics of systems on the nanoscale (2018). Editorial
Authors: Bald Ilko , Solov’yov Ilia A. , Mason Nigel , Solov’yov Andrey V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe structure, formation and dynamics of both animate and inanimate matter on the nanoscale are a highly interdisciplinary field of rapidly emerging research engaging a broad community encompassing experimentalists, theorists, and technologists. It is relevant for a large variety of molecular and nanosystems of different origin and composition and concerns numerous phenomena originating from physics, chemistry, biology, or materials science. This Topical Issue presents a collection of original research papers devoted to different aspects of structure and dynamics on the nanoscale. Some of the contributions discuss specific applications of the research results in several modern technologies and in next generation medicine. Most of the works of this topical issue were reported at the Fifth International Conference on Dynamics of Systems on the Nanoscale (DySoN) – the premier forum for the presentation of cutting-edge research in this field that was held in Potsdam, Germany in October of 2018.
Association between Dietary Tomato Intake and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Singapore Chinese Health Study
Authors: Thomas Claire E. , Luu Hung N. , Wang Renwei , Adams-Haduch Jennifer , Jin Aizhen , Koh Woon-Puay , Yuan Jian-Min 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background:
Intake of tomato and/or lycopene has been associated with reduced risk of several cancers, but there is no report on the association with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods:
The associations of tomato and lycopene consumption with risk of HCC were examined in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a prospective cohort of 63,257 Chinese ages 45 to 74 years at enrollment. Diet was assessed using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate HR and its 95% confidence interval (CI) of HCC with the consumption of tomato and lycopene among all cohort participants, and unconditional logistic regression was used to assess the association by hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity in a nested case–control study.

Results:
After a mean follow-up of 17.6 years, 561 incident HCC cases were identified. Higher tomato intake was associated with lower risk of HCC after adjustment for potential confounders (Ptrend &lt; 0.001). Compared with the lowest quartile, HRs (95% CIs) of HCC for the second, third, and fourth quartile of tomato intake were 0.70 (0.56–0.88), 0.73 (0.58–0.92), and 0.63 (0.49–0.81). Among HBsAg-negative individuals, the inverse association remained (Ptrend = 0.03). There was no association between lycopene intake and HCC risk (Ptrend = 0.54).

Conclusions:
Tomato intake may offer protection against the development of HCC, particularly among individuals without chronic infection with hepatitis B virus.

Impact:
Tomato intake is a low-cost preventative measure against HCC that may help reduce risk due to increasing rates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
An FDA Review of Drug Development in Nonmetastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Brave Michael , Weinstock Chana , Brewer Jamie R. , Chi Dow-Chung , Suzman Daniel L. , Cheng Joyce , Zhang Lijun , Sridhara Rajeshwari , Ibrahim Amna , Kluetz Paul G. , Pazdur Richard , Beaver Julia A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The FDA has approved three androgen receptor inhibitors—enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide—for the treatment of patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC). These approvals were all based on randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trials demonstrating large improvements in metastasis-free survival (MFS) and internally consistent evidence of benefit seen across secondary endpoints. In this article, we summarize the FDA regulatory history of MFS and we describe the design, conduct, and results of the three pivotal trials supporting these important treatment options for patients with nmCRPC.
Long-Term Outcomes After Revascularization for Stable Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Madhavan Mahesh V. , Redfors Björn , Ali Ziad A. , Prasad Megha , Shahim Bahira , Smits Pieter C. , von Birgelen Clemens , Zhang Zixuan , Mehran Roxana , Serruys Patrick W. , Maehara Akiko , Leon Martin B. , Kirtane Ajay J. , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Whether revascularization improves prognosis in stable ischemic heart disease is controversial.

Methods:
Individual patient-level data from 19 prospective, randomized stent trials were pooled. Rates of 5-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization) were assessed and compared after percutaneous coronary intervention with bare-metal stents (BMS) and first-generation and second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES1 and DES2, respectively). Poisson multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of adverse events.

Results:

Among 10 987 patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention for stable ischemic heart disease, 1550, 2776, and 6661 received BMS, DES1, and DES2, respectively. The 5-year rates of MACE progressively declined with evolution in stent technology (BMS: 24.1% versus DES1: 17.9% versus DES2: 13.4%,
P
<0.0001). However, MACE rates between 1 and 5 years increased from BMS to DES1, then declined with DES2 (BMS: 7.4% versus DES1: 10.2%, DES2: 8.5%,
P
=0.02).

Conclusions:
Patients with stable ischemic heart disease remain at substantial risk for long-term MACE after revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention, even with contemporary DES. New approaches to reduce the ongoing risk of MACE beyond 1 year after stent implantation are necessary.
Global Approach to High Bleeding Risk Patients With Polymer-Free Drug-Coated Coronary Stents
Authors: Krucoff Mitchell W. , Urban Philip , Tanguay Jean-François , McAndrew Thomas , Zhang Yiran , Rao Sunil V. , Morice Marie-Claude , Price Matthew J. , Cohen David J. , Abdel-Wahab Mohamed , Mehta Shamir R. , Faurie Benjamin , McLaurin Brent , Diaz Corie , Stoll Hans-Peter , Pocock Stuart , Leon Martin B. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
High bleeding risk (HBR) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention have been widely excluded from randomized device registration trials. The LF study (LEADERS FREE) reported superior outcomes of HBR patients receiving 30-day dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention with a polymer-free drug-coated stent (DCS). LFII was designed to assess the reproducibility and generalizability of the benefits of DCS observed in LF to inform the US Food and Drug Administration in a device registration decision.

Methods:
LFII was a single-arm study using HBR inclusion/exclusion criteria and 30-day dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention with DCS, identical to LF. The 365-day rates of the primary effectiveness (clinically indicated target lesion revascularization) and safety (composite cardiac death and myocardial infarction) end points were reported using a propensity-stratified analysis compared with the LF bare metal stent arm patients as controls.

Results:

A total of 1203 LFII patients were enrolled with an average 1.7 HBR criteria per patient, including 60.7% >75 years of age, 34.1% on anticoagulants, and 14.7% with renal failure. Propensity-adjusted 365-day clinically indicated target lesion revascularization was significantly lower with DCS (7.2% versus 9.2%; hazard ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.52–0.98];
P
=0.0338 for superiority), as was the primary safety (cardiac death and myocardial infarction) composite (9.3% versus 12.4%; hazard ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.55–0.94];
P
=0.0150 for superiority). Stent thrombosis rates were 2.0% DCS and 2.2% bare metal stent. Major bleeding at 1 year occurred in 7.2% DCS patients and 7.2% bare metal stent.

Conclusions:
LFII reproduces the results of the DCS arm of LF in an independent, predominantly North American cohort of HBR patients.