bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where are we going and where have we been? Examining the effects of maps on spatial learning in an indoor guided navigation task
Authors: Stites Mallory C. , Matzen Laura E. , Gastelum Zoe N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundInternational Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards inspectors are faced with the difficult task of learning the layout of complex nuclear facilities while being escorted through the facilities. This study addresses a gap in the literature regarding how to best support the development of inspectors’ spatial knowledge, given the constraint that they cannot bring digital devices into most nuclear facilities. We tested whether viewing a map before learning a guided route or carrying a map along the route enabled better spatial learning than having no exposure to a map. Moreover, we tested the impact of carrying maps with different levels of detail (simple 2D, simple 3D, or complex 2D maps) on spatial learning outcomes, as well as interactions between map type and individual differences in sense of direction.ResultsThe results showed nearly opposite patterns of performance for participants with good and poor sense of direction scores. Participants with a good sense of direction showed higher levels of spatial knowledge when studying or carrying simple maps, whether 2D or 3D, but they did not benefit from using a complex map. Participants with a poor sense of direction showed lower levels of spatial knowledge when using a simple map relative to using no map or a complex map, suggesting that they did not attempt to use the complex map. For both groups of participants, referring to a simple map while learning a route decreased their awareness of their environment, as measured by response times on a memory test that included incidentally learned items.
China-UK partnership for global health: practices and implications of the Global Health Support Programme 2012–2019
Authors: Wang Xiaohua , Liu Peilong , Xu Tongwu , Chen Yan , Yu Yang , Chen Xun , Chen Jingyi , Zhang Zhaoyang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Over the past few decades, a series of major challenges to global health have successively emerged, which call for China’s deeper engagement in global health governance. In this context, the China-UK Global Health Support Programme (GHSP) was launched in 2012 with about 12 million pounds funded by the United Kingdom.

Objectives
The GHSP was expected to explore a new type of China-UK partnership to strengthen the cooperation in global health, and enhance China’s capacity to engage in global health governance and provide effective development assistance in health (DAH), in order to jointly improve global health outcomes.

Programme design and implementation
The GHSP was programmed to support capacity building activities in Chinese experience distillation, DAH, global health governance and pilot partnership at national and institutional levels between October 2012 and March 2019. These activities were assigned to different project implementing agencies (PIAs) and their project cooperative agencies (PCAs) or pilot areas, and were then implemented under the guidance and management by the strategic oversight committee and the project management office of GHSP respectively.

Main achievements
At the national level, the GHSP held five rounds of China-UK high-level dialogues, conducted studies on China Global Health Strategies to provide robust evidence for developing and issuing relevant national policies, and supported the establishment of the China Global Health Network. At the institutional level, the GHSP funded a series of activities in research, training, international exchange and pilots etc., produced a large number of high-quality research outputs and policy briefings, cultivated a group of PIAs and individual researchers, facilitated the partnership building between the PIAs and PCAs, enhanced the practical ability of Chinese institutions to conduct overseas DAH, and improved the health service delivery and outcomes in pilot areas of three Asian and African countries.

Policy implications
In the GHSP, China and UK have established a good model for North-South Cooperation and the programme facilitated the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by building a new type of bilateral partnership and carrying out triangular cooperation practices. This model has demonstrated huge potential for cooperation through partnership and can also be referred to by other countries to develop bilateral partnerships.
Mature Versus Registration Studies of Immuno‐Oncology Agents: Does Value Improve With Time?
Authors: Ben-Aharon Omer , Magnezi Racheli , Leshno Moshe , Goldstein Daniel A. 
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE: A unique feature of immuno-oncology agents is the potential for durable survival for a subset of patients; however, this benefit usually cannot not be seen in the early published data used for regulatory approval. Value frameworks developed by ASCO and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) assess the clinical benefit demonstrated in clinical trials. Proven benefit may change with time as more mature data are available. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of mature data for immuno-oncology agents on ASCO and ESMO scores and to examine the concordance of these frameworks using more mature data. METHODS: We reviewed Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals for immuno-oncology agents between 2011 and 2017, calculated the ASCO-Net Health Benefit (NHB) score and ESMO-Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Score (MCBS), checked which agents fulfilled the criteria of being rewarded for durable survival, assessed the concordance between models using the Spearman correlation test, and compared the initial results of registration studies with mature follow-up data from the same studies. RESULTS: The FDA approved 27 solid tumor indications for immuno-oncology agents between 2011 and 2017. The correlation between ASCO-NHB score and ESMO-MCBS was high (0.88). Mature follow-up data were available for 13 of these indications, in which 6 studies were found to have improved in the grade of ASCO and/or ESMO value frameworks, whereas 2 cases were downgraded in the scale. CONCLUSION: Despite different approaches, the high concordance between ASCO and ESMO value frameworks indicates that both models reward treatments as beneficial for the same immuno-oncology agents. Mature data with longer follow-up reaffirmed most of the findings found in the evaluation in the initially published registration studies.
Familial Aggregation and Heritability of Aldosteronism with Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Wu Vin-Cent , Chueh Jeff S , Hsieh Mei-Yun , Hu Ya-Hui , Huang Kuo-How , Lin Yen-Hung , Yang Shao-Yu , Chu Tzong-Shinn , Kuo Chang-Fu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Context
To date, the effect of positive family history as a risk factor of primary aldosteronism (PA) is largely unknown. Studies have failed to distinguish the heritability of PA as well as the associations between positive family history of PA and clinical outcomes.

Objectives
We quantified the prevalence, the extent of familial aggregation, the heritability of PA among family members of patients with PA, and the association between positive PA family history and major cardiovascular events (MACE).

Design and Settings
Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database, 30 245 077 National Health Insurance beneficiaries (both alive and those deceased between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2015) were identified.

Results
We identified 7902 PA patients. Forty-four had PA (0.3%) among 10 234 individuals with affected parents, 2298 with affected offspring, 1924 with affected siblings, and 22 with affected twins. A positive family history was associated with the adjusted relative risk (RR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 11.60 (7.63–17.63) for PA in people with an affected first-degree relative. In subgroup analysis, the risk for PA across all relationships (parent, siblings, offspring, and spouse) showed highly significant differences to PA without family history. The accountability for phenotypic variance of PA was 51.0% for genetic factors, 24.9% for shared environmental factors, and 24.1% for nonshared environmental factors. PA patients with an affected first-degree relative were associated with an increased risk for composite major cardiovascular events (RR 1.31; 95% CI 1.24–1.40, P &lt; .001) compared with PA patients without family history.

Conclusion
Familial clustering of PA exists among a population-based study, supporting a genetic susceptibility leading to PA. There is increased coaggregation of MACE in first-degree relatives of PA patients. Our findings suggest a strong genetic component in the susceptibility of PA, involving different kinships.
Specification and regulation of vascular tissue identity in the Arabidopsis embryo
Authors: Smit Margot E. , Llavata-Peris Cristina I. , Roosjen Mark , van Beijnum Henriette , Novikova Daria , Levitsky Victor , Sevilem Iris , Roszak Pawel , Slane Daniel , Jürgens Gerd , Mironova Victoria , Brady Siobhan M. , Weijers Dolf 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Development of plant vascular tissues involves tissue identity specification, growth, pattern formation and cell-type differentiation. Although later developmental steps are understood in some detail, it is still largely unknown how the tissue is initially specified. We used the early Arabidopsis embryo as a simple model to study this process. Using a large collection of marker genes, we found that vascular identity was specified in the 16-cell embryo. After a transient precursor state, however, there was no persistent uniform tissue identity. Auxin is intimately connected to vascular tissue development. We found that, although an AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR5/MONOPTEROS (ARF5/MP)-dependent auxin response was required, it was not sufficient for tissue specification. We therefore used a large-scale enhanced yeast one-hybrid assay to identify potential regulators of vascular identity. Network and functional analysis of candidate regulators suggest that vascular identity is under robust, complex control. We found that one candidate regulator, the G-class bZIP transcription factor GBF2, can modulate vascular gene expression by tuning MP output through direct interaction. Our work uncovers components of a gene regulatory network that controls the initial specification of vascular tissue identity.
Bosutinib prevents vascular leakage by reducing focal adhesion turnover and reinforcing junctional integrity
Authors: Botros Liza , Pronk Manon C. A. , Juschten Jenny , Liddle John , Morsing Sofia K. H. , van Buul Jaap D. , Bates Robert H. , Tuinman Pieter R. , van Bezu Jan S. M. , Huveneers Stephan , Bogaard Harm Jan , van Hinsbergh Victor W. M. , Hordijk Peter L. , Aman Jurjan 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Endothelial barrier dysfunction leads to edema and vascular leak, causing high morbidity and mortality. Previously, Abl kinase inhibition has been shown to protect against vascular leak. Using the distinct inhibitory profiles of clinically available Abl kinase inhibitors, we aimed to provide a mechanistic basis for novel treatment strategies against vascular leakage syndromes. We found that the inhibitor bosutinib most potently protected against inflammation-induced endothelial barrier disruption. In vivo, bosutinib prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced alveolar protein extravasation in an acute lung injury mice model. Mechanistically, mitogen-activated protein 4 kinase 4 (MAP4K4) was identified as important novel mediator of endothelial permeability, which signaled via ezrin, radixin and moesin proteins to increase turnover of integrin-based focal adhesions. The combined inhibition of MAP4K4 and Abl-related gene (Arg, also known as ABL2) by bosutinib preserved adherens junction integrity and reduced turnover of focal adhesions, which synergistically act to stabilize the endothelial barrier during inflammation. We conclude that MAP4K4 is an important regulator of endothelial barrier integrity, increasing focal adhesion turnover and disruption of cell–cell junctions during inflammation. Because it inhibits both Arg and MAP4K4, use of the clinically available drug bosutinib might form a viable strategy against vascular leakage syndromes.
Intertemporal Demand Spillover Effects on Video Game Platforms
Authors: Haviv Avery , Huang Yufeng , Li Nan 
Published: March 2020

Many platform strategies focus on indirect network effects between sellers through platform expansion. In this paper, we show sellers on the console video game platform generate a positive intertemporal spillover effect and expand the demand for other sellers, holding the set of platform adopters fixed. We propose a novel identification strategy that leverages exogenous variation in the release timing of games exclusively available on a console platform, and examine how this variation affects the sales of games available on both platforms. We find a sizable intertemporal demand spillover effect between games: A 1% increase in total copies sold on a platform leads to a 0.153% increase in the sales of other games in the next month (i.e., an elasticity of 0.153). Additional analysis suggests this demand spillover effect is reminiscent of habit formation on the consumer side, in that past purchases keep end users active on the platform. Our finding provides a potential explanation for recent platform sales events and subscription services that provide free games to consumers every month. This paper was accepted by Eric Anderson, marketing.
A randomized controlled trial of high parenteral protein feeding in septic children: the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-308 polymorphism
Authors: Yanni Gema Nazri , Madjid Amir Sjarifuddin , Hendarto Aryono , Jusman Sri Widia Azraki , Munasir Zakiudin , Satari Hindra Irawan , Setianingsih Iswari , Lubis Munar , Sastroasmoro Sudigdo 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND Septic children cause high protein degradation and inadequate nutritional intake would worsen the outcomes. In addition, there are conflicting results of association between tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFA)-308 polymorphism and poorer outcomes. This study was aimed to investigate the impact of high protein feeding in septic children and to examine the role of the TNFA-308 polymorphism in outcome of sepsis.
METHODS In this randomized controlled trial, septic children were randomly assigned to receive either high protein feeding (amino acid of 4 g/kg of body weight [kgBW]/day) or standard nutrient (amino acid of 2 g/kgBW/day) for three days in the pediatric intensive care unit of four hospitals in Indonesia. The patient’s enrollment was done between April 2016 and May 2017. The primary outcome was the pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) score. TNFA-308 polymorphism was investigated using restriction fragment length polymorphism method in both groups. PELOD score was analyzed as mean differences and gene polymorphism was analyzed with mortality in a subgroup.
RESULTS There were 40 children in each group. PELOD score on day-1 (22.4 versus 20.5, p = 0.429), day-2 (20.5 versus 19.8, p = 0.815), and day-3 (18.8 versus 19.8, p = 0.772) were not lower in high protein feeding compared to standard feeding. TNFA-308 polymorphism had no role in mortality of both groups (high protein, p = 0.426; standard, p = 0.456).
CONCLUSIONS From this study, researchers concluded that a high protein intervention did not significantly decrease the PELOD score, length of stay, and duration of ventilator use in both groups.
Electric field vector measurements via nanosecond electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation
Authors: Chng Tat Loon , Naphade Maya , Goldberg Benjamin M. , Adamovich Igor V. , Starikovskaia Svetlana M. 
Published: March 2020

Electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation, or E-FISH, has received renewed interest as a nonintrusive tool for probing electric fields in gas discharges and plasmas using ultrashort laser pulses. An important contribution of this work lies in establishing that the E-FISH method works effectively in the nanosecond regime, yielding field sensitivities of about a kV/cm at atmospheric pressure from a 16 ns pulse. This is expected to broaden its applicability within the plasma community, given the wider access to conventional nanosecond laser sources. A Pockels-cell-based pulse-slicing scheme, which may be readily integrated with such nanosecond laser systems, is shown to be a complementary and cost-effective option for improving the time resolution of the electric field measurement. Using this scheme, a time resolution of

∼
3

ns

is achieved, without any detriment to the signal sensitivity. This could prove invaluable for nonequilibrium plasma applications, where time resolution of a few nanoseconds or less is often critical. Finally, we take advantage of the field vector sensitivity of the E-FISH signal to demonstrate simultaneous measurements of both the horizontal and vertical components of the electric field.
Chip-scale full-Stokes spectropolarimeter in silicon photonic circuits
Authors: Lin Zhongjin , Dadalyan Tigran , Bélanger-de Villers Simon , Galstian Tigran , Shi Wei 
Published: March 2020

Wavelength-dependent polarization state of light carries crucial information about light–matter interactions. However, its measurement is limited to bulky, high energy-consuming devices, which prohibits many modern, portable applications. Here, we propose and demonstrate a chip-scale spectropolarimeter implemented using a complementary metal oxide semiconductor compatible silicon photonics technology. Four compact Vernier microresonator spectrometers are monolithically integrated with a broadband polarimeter consisting of a 2D nanophotonic antenna and a polarimetric circuit to achieve full-Stokes spectropolarimetric analysis. The proposed device offers a solid-state spectropolarimetry solution with a small footprint of 1 mm × 0.6 mm and low power consumption of 360 mW. Full-Stokes spectral detection across a broad spectral range of 50 nm with a resolution of 1 nm is demonstrated in characterizing a material possessing structural chirality. The proposed device may enable a broader application of spectropolarimetry in the fields ranging from biomedical diagnostics and chemical analysis to observational astronomy.
Analysis of TM/TE mode enhancement and droop reduction by a nanoporous n-AlGaN underlayer in a 290  nm UV-LED
Authors: Li Yufeng , Wang Chenyu , Zhang Ye , Hu Peng , Zhang Shengnan , Du Mengqi , Su Xilin , Li Qiang , Yun Feng 
Published: March 2020

A full structure 290-nm ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) with a nanoporous n-AlGaN underlayer was fabricated by top via hole formation followed by high-voltage electrochemical etching. The 20 to 120 nm nanopores were prepared in regular doped n-AlGaN by adjusting the etching voltage. The comparison between the Raman spectrum and the photoluminescence wavelength shows that the biaxial stress in the nanoporous material is obviously relaxed. The photoluminescence enhancement was found to be highly dependent on the size of the pores. It not only improves the extraction efficiency of top-emitting transverse-electric (TE)-mode photons but also greatly improves the efficiency of side-emitting transverse-magnetic (TM)-mode photons. This leads to the polarization change of the side-emitting light from

−
0.08

to

−
0.242

. The intensity of the electroluminescence was increased by 36.5% at 100 mA, and the efficiency droop at high current was found to decrease from 61% to 31%.
Cavity-based photoconductive sources for real-time terahertz imaging
Authors: Hawecker J. , Pistore V. , Minasyan A. , Maussang K. , Palomo J. , Sagnes I. , Manceau J.-M. , Colombelli R. , Tignon J. , Mangeney J. , Dhillon S. S. 
Published: March 2020

Optically driven photoconductive switches are one of the predominant sources currently used in terahertz imaging systems. However, owing to their low average powers, only raster-based images can be taken, resulting in slow acquisition. In this work, we show that by placing a photoconductive switch within a cavity, we are able to generate absolute average THz powers of 181 μW with the frequency of the THz emission centered at 1.5 THz—specifications ideally adapted to applications such as non-destructive imaging. The cavity is based on a metal–insulator–metal structure that permits an enhancement of the average power by almost 1 order of magnitude compared to a standard structure, while conserving a broadband spectral response. We demonstrate proof-of-principle real-time imaging using this source, with the broadband spectrum permitting to eliminate strong diffraction artifacts.
Use of Artificial Intelligence to Reduce Radiation Exposure at Fluoroscopy-Guided Endoscopic Procedures
Authors: Bang Ji Young , Hough Matthew , Hawes Robert H. , Varadarajulu Shyam 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Exposure to ionizing radiation remains a hazard for patients and healthcare providers. We evaluated the utility of an artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled fluoroscopy system to minimize radiation exposure during image-guided endoscopic procedures.

METHODS:
We conducted a prospective study of 100 consecutive patients who underwent fluoroscopy-guided endoscopic procedures. Patients underwent interventions using either conventional or AI-equipped fluoroscopy system that uses ultrafast collimation to limit radiation exposure to the region of interest. The main outcome measure was to compare radiation exposure with patients, which was measured by dose area product. Secondary outcome was radiation scatter to endoscopy personnel measured using dosimeter.

RESULTS:
Of 100 patients who underwent procedures using traditional (n = 50) or AI-enabled (n = 50) fluoroscopy systems, there was no significant difference in demographics, body mass index, procedural type, and procedural or fluoroscopy time between the conventional and the AI-enabled fluoroscopy systems. Radiation exposure to patients was lower (median dose area product 2,178 vs 5,708 mGym2, P = 0.001) and scatter effect to endoscopy personnel was less (total deep dose equivalent 0.28 vs 0.69 mSv; difference of 59.4%) for AI-enabled fluoroscopy as compared to conventional system. On multivariate linear regression analysis, after adjusting for patient characteristics, procedural/fluoroscopy duration, and type of fluoroscopy system, only AI-equipped fluoroscopy system (coefficient 3,331.9 [95% confidence interval: 1,926.8–4,737.1, P < 0.001) and fluoroscopy duration (coefficient 813.2 [95% confidence interval: 640.5–985.9], P < 0.001) were associated with radiation exposure.

DISCUSSION:
The AI-enabled fluoroscopy system significantly reduces radiation exposure to patients and scatter effect to endoscopy personnel (see Graphical abstract, Supplementary Digital Content, http://links.lww.com/AJG/B461).