bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to a Low Carbohydrate Diet may Modify Resting Metabolic Rate among Overweight and Obese Women
Authors: Sajjadi Seyedeh Forough , Mirzababaei Atieh , Ghodoosi nasim , Pooyan Sara , Arghavani Hana , Rasaei Niloufar , Rashidbeygi Elaheh , Yekaninejad Mir-Saeed , mirzaei Khadijeh - 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) accounts for most of the daily energy expenditure. The low-carb diet attenuates decreases in RMR. This study aims to investigate the relationship between a low-carb diet and resting metabolic rate status.
Methods

We enrolled 304 overweight and obese women in this cross-sectional study. BMI, fat mass, fat-free mass, visceral fat, insulin level were assessed. RMR was measured using indirect calorimetry. A low carbohydrate diet score was measured using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).
Results

Our results showed no relationship between LCDS and DNR even after adjust for confounders (Inc. RMR: OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.92–1.01, P = 0.20; Dec. RMR: OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94-1.00, P = 0.14). Some components of LCDS had significant differences with DNR, such as carbohydrate and Dec. RMR in adjusted model (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 0.98–1.37, P = 0.08), MUFA and Dec. RMR in adjusted model (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.21–1.10, P = 0.08) and refined grain and Inc. RMR in crude model (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77–0.99, P = 0.04).
Conclusion

Our study showed that there is no association between a low-carb diet and RMR status but carbohydrate, MUFA, and refined grain had a significant relationship.
Anesthetic Management of a Child From the Qinghai-tibet Plateau With a Double Outlet Right Ventricle and Severe Polycythemia: A Case Report
Authors: Tan Lingcan , Zhang Weiyi , Zuo Yiding , Chen Hongyang , Jiang Chunling 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Acquired secondary polycythemia is common in patients with a double outlet right ventricle, and results from tissue hypoxia. Secondary erythrocytosis can cause coagulation deficiencies, and increases the risks of thrombosis and infarction. Perioperative management in double outlet right ventricle patients with severe erythrocytosis is intractable, and only a few cases have been reported.
Case presentation:

Herein, we report the anesthetic management of a 10-year-old female patient with a double outlet right ventricle. She lived in the low-oxygen Qinghai−Tibet Plateau, and presented with severe polycythemia (hemoglobin, 24.8 g/dL; hematocrit, 75%). She underwent a modified Fontan surgery, which was satisfactory and without any perioperative complications. Our anesthetic management highlights the importance of perioperative hemodilution to decrease the risk of thromboembolism, and correction of coagulopathy to prevent hemorrhage.
Conclusions

Anesthetic management is challenging in rare cyanotic congenital heart disease patients with severe polycythemia. For prevention of thrombosis and hemorrhage, it is important to adopt perioperative hemodilution and correction of coagulopathy.
Serum cholinesterase on admission as a predictor of COVID-19 pneumonia severity and mortality
Authors: Nakajima Kento , Abe Takeru , Saji Ryo , Ogawa Fumihiro , Taniguchi Hayato , Yamaguchi Keishi , Sakai Kazuya , Nakagawa Tomoki , Matsumura Reo , Oi Yasuhumi , Nishii Mototsugu , Takeuchi Ichiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Although some predictors of COVID-19 pneumonia severity and mortality have been identified, much of the pathophysiology of this emerging infectious disease remains unclear. We hypothesized that a patient’s cholinesterase level on admission could predict COVID-19 pneumonia severity and mortality.
Methods

We retrospectively collected data of 26 COVID-19 pneumonia patients from February–May 2020. Outcomes were aggravation of symptoms and in-hospital mortality. We compared receiver operating curves of cholinesterase, C-reactive protein, lymphocytes, albumin, D-dimer, and PaO2/FiO2 ratio and examined prediction accuracy. Regarding the interaction between cholinesterase and other variables, each independent variable was divided into two groups using cutoff values, and interaction terms were created.
Results

Cholinesterase levels on admission were significantly lower in the severe group than in the mild-to-moderate group (326 vs. 218 IU/L, p = 0.006; area under the curve: 0.81; 95% confidence interval 0.61–0.94). When comparing the area under the curve, cholinesterase was comparable to C-reactive protein, albumin, lymphocytes, and PaO2/FiO2 ratio other than D-dimer in the prediction accuracy of severe cases and mortality. Cholinesterase levels on admission were significantly lower in the death group than in the survival group (274 vs. 187.5 IU/L, p = 0.028; area under the curve: 0.79; 95% interval 0.58–0.93). Regarding the interaction between cholinesterase and established predictors, the prediction accuracy of both severity and death was higher when cholinesterase was combined with each predictor than when cholinesterase was used alone.
Conclusions

Cholinesterase may reflect the disease state of COVID-19 pneumonia, suggesting that a patient’s cholinesterase level on admission may be useful as a predictor of severity and prognosis.
Guangzhou Tongcao painting in late China Qing Dynasty（1840—1912 AD): technology revealed by Analytical Approaches
Authors: Zhang Chan , Huang Jianbin , Zhu Tiequan , Zhang Ronglin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Guangzhou Tongcao painting of China late Qing Dynasty witnessed the exchange of economy, culture, art and technology between China and foreign countries, which was an important exported product in the ancient China. In this paper, by using stereo microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope attached Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and micro Raman Spectroscope, a Qing Dynasty Tongcao painting with the subject of family life of an official's female relative was analyzed. Our study revealed that: 1) the hexagonal cell morphology could be easily observed in the Tongcao pith which could contain much more pigment and increase the stereo sense of painting, and the cell of the ancient Tongcao pith had started to degrade, which indicated an urgent requirement on conservation of the tongcao painting; 2) alum was applied as the fixing agent in the preparation of pigments and the painting process; 3) both the China domestic pigments including red lead, calcite, lead white, carbon black and gamboge, and the synthetic pigments imported from Europe ( artificial ultramarine, Prussian blue and emerald green) was applied in the painting, which reflected the bi-directional communication of culture and technology between China and the western world.
WITHDRAWN: Motility, adhesion and c-di-GMP levels influence the endophytic colonization of rice by Azoarcus sp. CIB
Authors: Fernandez-Llamosas Helga , Diaz Eduardo , Carmona Manuel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Proficient crop production is needed to ensure the feeding of a growing global population. The association of bacteria with plants plays an important role in the health state of the plants contributing to the increase of agricultural production. Endophytic bacteria are ubiquitous in most plant species providing, in most cases, plant promotion properties. However, the knowledge on the genetic determinants involved in the colonization of plants by endophytic bacteria are still poorly understood.Results: In this work we have used a genetic approach based on the construction of fliM, pilX and eps knockout mutants to show that the motility mediated by a functional flagellum and the pili type IV, and the adhesion modulated by exopolysaccarides are required for the efficient colonization of rice roots by the endophyte Azoarcus sp. CIB. Moreover, we have demonstrated that expression of an exogenous diguanylate cyclase or phophodiesterase, which causes either an increase or decrease of the intracellular levels of the second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), respectively, leads to a reduction of the ability of Azoarcus sp. CIB to colonize rice plants.Conclusions: Here we present results demonstrating the unprecedented role of the universal second messenger cyclic-di-GMP in plant colonization by an endophytic bacterium, Azoarcus sp. CIB. The involvement of bacterial motility and adherence mediated by the bacterial flagellum, pil i type IV and exopolysaccharides in the colonization of rice by strain CIB is also shown. These studies pave the way to further strategies to modulate the interaction of endophytes with their target plant hosts.
Synchronously Improved Voltage Gradient and Mechanical Properties of ZnO Based Varistor by Doping Ga2O3
Authors: Wang Bo-wen , Chen Bao-hui , Gao Peng-zhao , Chen Hui-hui , Zhang Pei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
ZnO based varistors with high voltage gradient and excellent mechanical and thermal properties were fabricated by Ga2O3 doping and using nanoparticles. The compositions and microstructure of the varistors, as well as their electrical, mechanical and thermal properties were investigated by XRD, XPS, SEM, E-J, C-V, mechanical and thermal expansion measurements. Also, the mechanism of Ga2O3 addition on electrical and mechanical properties of the varistors was discussed detailedly. Results showed that the added Ga2O3 preferentially occupied the lattice position of ZnO crystal through the formation of a substitutional solid solution (Donor doping), they then occupied the void position through the formation of an interstitial solid solution (Acceptor doping), in which residual Ga2O3 existed in the grain boundary and served as inversion boundaries. The formation of the substitutional and interstitial solid solutions helped to improve the electrical properties, when the Ga2O3 content was 0.40 mol%, E1mA, α and K were 1235.00 V·mm− 1, 46.0 and 1.37, respectively, being due to the small particle size and the relative content of donor, acceptor and grain boundary in ZnO grain; The increased content of inversion boundaries stimulated the abnormal growth of ZnO grain, and the formed plate-like grain helped to improve the mechanical properties and thermal expansion coefficient of the varistors, values of σf, Ef, and KIC reached 147.43 MPa, 213.61 GPa and 2.05 MPa·m1/2, showing improvements of 25.29%, 47.67%, and 38.51%, respectively, compared with those of ZnO varistors without Ga2O3.
Incorporating Stigma Into Implementation Science: Linking Societal Influence to the Clinical Encounter to Understand Inequities in Healthcare Delivery
Authors: Saine M. Elle , Re III Vincent Lo , Barg Frances K. , Szymczak Julia E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Disease-related stigma is an important, but under recognized barrier to the implementation of evidence-based therapies. Existing implementation science frameworks do not adequately specify the mechanisms by which the outer societal context produces disparate implementation outcomes. Our aim in this study was to evaluate how stigma influences the implementation of evidence-based hepatitis C virus (HCV) care and, in so doing, make the case for incorporating stigma into the Health Equity Implementation Framework.Methods: From 2015-2019, we conducted a concurrent explanatory mixed-methods study among people living with HCV in Philadelphia. We administered the validated 33-item HCV-stigma scale. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among a purposive subsample of survey respondents. Summative HCV-stigma scale scores and descriptive statistics were calculated. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed for common themes. Survey responses were linked to interview data.Results: Surveys were completed by 265 participants; 22 interviews were conducted with a subset of these respondents. Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity was associated with significantly higher HCV-stigma scale scores (adjusted mean, 81.39 [95% CI, 76.44-86.33] versus 74.28 [95% CI, 70.51-78.05]; P=0.025). In interviews, participants described the impact of stigma on their engagement with HCV care. Stigma associated with their diagnosis contributed to feelings of dirtiness and shame. Participants described the critical importance of interactions with medical providers and the healthcare system as a whole to either facilitating or mitigating the negative impact of enacted stigma on their trust in medicine and willingness to engage with HCV care. Interactions with family and friends, especially surrounding disclosure of one's diagnosis, were an important mediator of the experience of stigma. Hispanic/Latinx participants described greater feelings of isolation and stigma from family and friends as a result of their diagnosis. Finally, participants described the way stigma shaped their and society's perceptions of HCV therapies, including the media portrayal of pharmaceuticals, the high cost of drugs and insurer denials of treatment.Conclusions: Experiences of HCV-related stigma influence engagement with HCV care at multiple levels: patient, provider, family and community, and perceptions of the therapy itself. Incorporating stigma into the Health Equity Implementation Framework can improve the utility of the framework by specifying a mechanism by which the social context influences the uptake of evidence-based innovations.
The trends of Zika virus-related research from 2014 to 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gwon Yong-Dae , Evander Magnus 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundZika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne disease discovered in 1947, but with no reports of serious disease for almost 60 years. The first large ZIKV outbreak was reported from Yap island in 2007, then in 2015, the emergence of ZIKV in the Americas highlighted clinical manifestation such as microcephaly and Guillain‐Barré syndrome. On February 1, 2016, WHO declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern due to the magnitude of the outbreak, which then officially ended in November 2016. MethodsEver since the Brazilian authority released the first report of autochthonous transmission of ZIKV in 2015, it became the object of interdisciplinary investigation and global research collaboration. To follow and understand the trend of ZIKV research, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of ZIKV publications during 2014-2018, by using the scientific database Scopus.ResultsWe found that the number of ZIKV related publications increased in 2016-2018 (39.2, 56.5, and 58.5 times, respectively) compared to an average number of publications (23.5) in 2014-2015. During the five years, there was not the only increment of publication numbers, but also the area of research was expanded. In 2014-2015, the majority in the research area was epidemiological research with aims to report the consequence of the ZIKV outbreak, and the trend was shifted to the development of diagnostic methods, antiviral treatment, and vaccine in the following three years. In addition, the number of countries involved in ZIKV research increased from 11 and 13 in 2014-2015 to 59, 67, and 66 in 2016-2018, showing that ZIKV research was changed from a low-level stage to active and globalized in the coming five years.ConclusionsOur results highlight the importance of gathering public interest when the world is facing the phase of global health alert, and how it can drive the research field from inactive to active. However, despite this enormous progress in ongoing ZIKV research, many questions are yet to be answered and should be addressed to accelerate the development of effective ZIKV countermeasures. Nevertheless, our systematic review and meta-analysis emphasized the importance of a worldwide multidisciplinary effort to combat outbreaks or unknown infectious disease threats in the future.
In vivo measurement of pH, CO2 and HCO3- levels in the uterus of non-anesthetized sows through the estrous cycle and after insemination
Authors: Albors Octavio López , Llamas-López Pedro José , Ortuño Joaquín , Latorre Rafael , Vázquez Francisco Alberto García 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

The pH-CO2-HCO3− system is a ubiquitous biological regulator with important functional implications for reproduction. Knowledge of the physiological values of its components is relevant for reproductive biology and the optimization of Assistant Reproductive Techniques (ARTs). In vivo pH of the oviduct and uterus has been estimated by direct in situ measurements in a few species. However, regarding the levels of CO2 and HCO3−, information is very scarce and, when available, it comes from fluid samples instead of in vivo estimations. This study describes a non-invasive method to measure pH and % of CO2 in the uterus of sows with cutting-edge technology and no medication. Sows were at three different reproductive conditions, estrous with no insemination E(-)AI and after insemination E(+)AI, and diestrous (non-estrous, NE). From pH and CO2 data, HCO3− concentration was estimated.
Results

The designed methodology allowed for in situ time-lapse recording of pH and % of CO2 within the uterus of non-anesthetized sows. Variable oscillatory patterns of pH, CO2 and HCO3− were found independently of the estrous condition. Insemination did not changed the levels of uterine pH, % of CO2 and HCO3− concentration, -E(-)AI = E(+)AI-, but all the values were affected by the estrous cycle in a way that decreased significantly at diestrous condition - E(-)AI and E(+)AI > NE-.
Conclusions

A non-invasive approach to the porcine uterus with novel optical probes allowed the obtaining of in situ physiological values of pH, CO2, and HCO3− at different reproductive conditions. While the short-time presence of sperm in the uterus did not change the physiological milieu, the whole pH-CO2-HCO3− system was affected by the estrous cycle. This study contributes to a better understanding of the in vivo regulation of the pH/CO2/HCO3− system in the uterus and may help to optimize the protocols of sperm treatment for in vitro fertilization.
Identification and validation of autophagy-related lncRNA prognostic signature for breast cancer
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Jin Feng , Li Yang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as crucial regulators to the development of breast cancer and are involved in controlling autophagy. LncRNAs are also widely known as valuable prognostic factors for breast cancer patients. It is critical to identify autophagy-related lncRNAs with prognostic value in breast cancer. Methods: A coexpression network of autophagy-related mRNAs-lncRNAs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was constructed. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to identify an autophagy risk model with prognostic value. Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regressionanalyses and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to validate the risk model. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) functional annotation were conducted to analyze the risk model.Results: In this study, autophagy-related lncRNAs in breast cancer were identified. We evaluated the prognostic value of these autophagy-related lncRNAs and eventually obtained a prognostic risk model consisting of 11 autophagy-related lncRNAs (U62317.4, LINC01016, LINC02166, C6orf99, LINC00992, BAIAP2-DT, AC245297.3, AC090912.1, Z68871.1, LINC00578 and LINC01871). The risk model was further verified as a novel independent prognostic factor for breast cancer patients based on the calculated risk score. Moreover, based on the risk model, the low risk and high risk groups displayed different autophagy and oncogenic statues. Conclusions: These findings suggested that the risk model of the 11 autophagy-related lncRNAs has significant prognostic value for breast cancer and might be a promising prognostic signature and therapeutic targets in clinical practice.
Clinical characteristics and determinants of glycaemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Fiji
Authors: Romakin Pablo , Wilson Donald , Khan Sabiha , Mohaammadnezhad Masoud 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Diabetes is a global health problem reaching pandemic proportions. In Fiji, diabetes has a prevalence rate of 15.6% in 2011which is estimated to rise to 19.3% in 2020. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of poor glycaemic control level and its determinants among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
Methods

This retrospective study was conducted in three selected health centres in Suva, Fiji with the following inclusion criteria: adult T2DM ≥ 18 years old registered during 2011 to 2016; on treatment for > 1year; had > 4 clinic visits and; had a recent HbA1c result in 2017. Logistic regression analysis was performed and p < 0.05 considered as significant.
Results

There were 200 female (59.2%) and 138 male (40.8%) T2DM patients in this study with a mean age of 56.5 years (SD = ± 9.9). Most of T2DM patients have poorly controlled random blood sugar (RBS), 67.1% and fasting blood sugar (FBS), 63.0%. Two-thirds (65.4%) had associated medical conditions. The proportion of poor glycaemic control (HbA1c < 7%) was 77.2%. Mean HbA1c was 8.6% (± 2.04). RBS, FBS, cholesterol, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significant (p < 0.05) determinants of poor glycaemic control.
Conclusions

Health care workers dealing with T2DM patients should consider the clinical determinants of poor glycaemic control for a more effective diabetes management.
The Importance of Building Community Trust for Sustained Malaria Elimination Interventions During Unforeseen Major Disruptive Events Such as COVID-19: A Cambodia Case Study
Authors: Feldman Mitra , Vernaeve Lieven , Tibenderana James , Braack Leo , Debackere Mark , Thu Htin Kyaw , Hamade Prudence , Lo Koung 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Impressive progress in reducing malaria trends combined with the 2018 report of no malaria related deaths for the first time, puts Cambodia well on track to reaching its malaria elimination goals. However, the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a potential challenge to this goal. The path towards malaria elimination is dependent on sustained interventions to prevent rapid resurgence, which can quickly set back any gains achieved.
Methods

Mobile Malaria Workers (MMWs) need to have a strong understanding of the local geography and, most importantly, build and maintain trust among the communities they serve. To achieve this, Malaria Consortium uses a peer-to-peer approach for the MMWs and ensures the same level of trust operates between the MMWs and Malaria Consortium. Malaria Consortium’s policy during COVID-19 has been to follow national guidelines while continuing to support community-based malaria services via the MMWs / mobile malaria posts (MPs) with as minimal disruption as possible. A risk assessment was carried out by Malaria Consortium, with a mitigation plan quickly developed and implemented, to ensure MMWs were able to continue providing services without putting themselves or their patients at risk.
Results

Malaria Consortium ensured the MMW/ mobile MP program is built on trust, relevance to, and connection with the communities being served. An overall decline in malaria testing was reported from Health Centres and VMWs among all three provinces in March and April, not seen in previous years and possibly attributable to fear of COVID-19. However, Malaria Consortium supported MMWs have not reported any such decline in the utilization of their services and attribute this to the trust they have among the communities.
Conclusion

Malaria Consortium has effectively demonstrated care and solidarity with and among the MMWs and communities being served. This has ensured a high level of trust, and therefore willingness among the MMWs and communities to continue providing and utilising malaria services as usual despite the fear of COVID-19. Building trust among rural communities builds resilience and ensures uninterrupted and effective malaria elimination activities can continue even during a potential extraneous disruptive force, such as the Covid-19 pandemic.