bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interrater-Reliabilität der kriteriengeleiteten Beurteilung der Schuldfähigkeit bei paraphilen Störungen
Authors: Dobbrunz S. , Brunner F. , Müller J. L. , Briken P. 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Für die Beurteilung der Schuldfähigkeit bei Sexualdelinquenz ist die Einschätzung des Schweregrades einer paraphilen Störung und der Steuerungsfähigkeit von besonderer Bedeutung. Etablierte Beurteilungskriterien sind unzureichend operationalisiert.

Ziel und Methoden
Vorhandene Kriterien sollen von Experten verschiedener Berufsgruppen hinsichtlich ihrer Reliabilität überprüft werden. Hierzu bewerteten 14 Experten die Kriterien zweier Kriterienkataloge anhand zweier Fallvignetten (siehe Electronic Supplementary Material).

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Die Interrater-Reliabilität (IRR) bezogen auf die Kriterien von Briken und Müller [3, 4] war höher als die der bisher etablierten Kriterien von Boetticher et al. [2]. Die Auswertung der subjektiven Wichtigkeit der Kriterien beider Beurteilungsskalen zeigte, dass alle Kriterien als mindestens durchschnittlich ausschlaggebend bewertet wurden. Es kann daher zunächst sinnvoll sein, beide Kriterienkataloge für eine höhere Transparenz in den Beurteilungsprozess miteinzubeziehen und dieses Vorgehen in weiteren Studien zu untersuchen.
Optimal archgrids: a variational setting
Authors: Czubacki R. , Lewiński T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe paper deals with the variational setting of the optimal archgrid construction. The archgrids, discovered by William Prager and George Rozvany in 1970s, are viewed here as tension-free and bending-free, uniformly stressed grid-shells forming vaults unevenly supported along the closed contour of the basis domain. The optimal archgrids are characterized by the least volume. The optimization problem of volume minimization is reduced to the pair of two auxiliary mutually dual problems, having mathematical structure similar to that known from the theory of optimal layout: the integrand of the auxiliary minimization problem is of linear growth, while the auxiliary maximization problem involves test functions subjected to mean-square slope conditions. The noted features of the variational setting governs the main properties of the archgrid shapes: they are vaults over a subregion of the basis domain being the effective domain of the minimizer of the auxiliary problem. Thus, the method is capable of cutting out the material domain from the design domain; this process is built in within the theory. Moreover, the present paper puts forward new methods of numerical construction of optimal archgrids and discusses their applicability ranges.
The Genetic Epidemiology of Joint Shape and the Development of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wilkinson J. Mark , Zeggini Eleftheria 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCongruent, low-friction relative movement between the articulating elements of a synovial joint is an essential pre-requisite for sustained, efficient, function. Where disorders of joint formation or maintenance exist, mechanical overloading and osteoarthritis (OA) follow. The heritable component of OA accounts for ~ 50% of susceptible risk. Although almost 100 genetic risk loci for OA have now been identified, and the epidemiological relationship between joint development, joint shape and osteoarthritis is well established, we still have only a limited understanding of the contribution that genetic variation makes to joint shape and how this modulates OA risk. In this article, a brief overview of synovial joint development and its genetic regulation is followed by a review of current knowledge on the genetic epidemiology of established joint shape disorders and common shape variation. A summary of current genetic epidemiology of OA is also given, together with current evidence on the genetic overlap between shape variation and OA. Finally, the established genetic risk loci for both joint shape and osteoarthritis are discussed.
Image quality evaluation of dual-layer spectral CT in comparison to single-layer CT in a reduced-dose setting
Authors: Do Thuy Duong , Rheinheimer Stephan , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Stiller Wolfram , Weber Tim , Skornitzke Stephan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate image quality in dual-layer CT (DLCT) compared to single-layer CT (SLCT) in the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis in a reduced-dose setting.

Methods
Intraindividual, retrospective comparisons were performed in 25 patients who received at least one acquisition of all three acquisition protocols SLCTlow (100 kVp), DLCThigh (120 kVp), and DLCTlow (120 kVp), all covering the venous-phase thorax, abdomen, and pelvis with matched CTDIvol between SLCTlow and DLCTlow. Reconstruction parameters were identical between all scans. Image quality was assessed quantitatively at 10 measurement locations in the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis by two independent observers, and subjectively with an intraindividual forced choice test between the three acquisitions. Dose-length product (DLP) and CTDIvol were extracted for dose comparison.

Results
Despite matched CTDIvol in acquisition protocols, CTDIvol and DLP were lower for SLCTlow compared to DLCTlow and DLCThigh (DLP 408.58, 444.68, 647.08 mGy·cm, respectively; p < 0.0004), as automated tube current modulation for DLCTlow reached the lower limit in the thorax (mean 66.1 mAs vs limit 65 mAs). Noise and CNR were comparable between SLCTlow and DLCTlow (p values, 0.29–0.51 and 0.05–0.20), but CT numbers were significantly higher for organs and vessels in the upper abdomen for SLCTlow compared to DLCTlow. DLCThigh had significantly better image quality (Noise and CNR). Subjective image quality was superior for DLCThigh, but no difference was found between SLCTlow and DLCTlow.

Conclusions
DLCTlow showed comparable image quality to SLCTlow, with the additional possibility of spectral post-processing. Further dose reduction seems possible by decreasing the lower limit of the tube current for the thorax.

Key Points
• Clinical use of reduced-dose DLCT is feasible despite the required higher tube potential.
• DLCT with reduced dose shows comparable objective and subjective image quality to reduced-dose SLCT.
• Further dose reduction in the thorax might be possible by adjusting mAs thresholds.
Optimizing diastolic pressure gradient assessment
Authors: Manouras Aristomenis , Johnson Jonas , Lund Lars H , Nagy Anikó Ilona 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Aims
The diastolic pressure gradient (DPG) has been proposed as a marker pulmonary vascular disease in the setting of left heart failure (HF). However, its diagnostic utility is compromised by the high prevalence of physiologically incompatible negative values (DPGNEG) and the contradictory evidence on its prognostic value. Pressure pulsatility impacts on DPG measurements, thus conceivably, pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) measurements insusceptible to the oscillatory effect of the V-wave might yield a more reliable DPG assessment. We set out to investigate how the instantaneous PAWP at the trough of the Y-descent (PAWPY) influences the prevalence of DPGNEG and the prognostic value of the resultant DPGY.

Methods
Hundred and fifty-three consecutive HF patients referred for right heart catheterisation were enrolled prospectively. DPG, as currently recommended, was calculated. Subsequently, PAWPY was measured and the corresponding DPGY was calculated.

Results
DPGY yielded higher values (median, IQR: 3.2, 0.6–5.7 mmHg) than DPG (median, IQR: 0.9, − 1.7–3.8 mmHg); p < 0.001. Conventional DPG was negative in 45% of the patients whereas DPGY in only 15%. During follow-up (22 ± 14 months) 58 patients have undergone heart-transplantation or died. The predictive ability of DPGY ≥ 6 mmHg for the above defined end-point events was significant [HR 2.1; p = 0.007] and independent of resting mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAPM). In contrast, conventional DPG did not comprise significant prognostic value following adjustment for PAPM.

Conclusion
Instantaneous pressures at the trough of Y-descent yield significantly fewer DPGNEG than conventional DPG and entail superior prognostic value in HF patients with and without PH.

Graphic abstract
ELSA recommendations for minimally invasive surgery during a community spread pandemic: a centered approach in Asia from widespread to recovery phases
Authors: Shabbir Asim , Menon Raj K. , Somani Jyoti , So Jimmy B. Y. , Ozman Mahir , Chiu Philip W. Y. , Lomanto Davide 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant changes to surgical practice across the worlds. Some countries are seeing a tailing down of cases, while others are still having persistent and sustained community spread. These evolving disease patterns call for a customized and dynamic approach to the selection, screening, planning, and for the conduct of surgery for these patients.

Methods
The current literature and various international society guidelines were reviewed and a set of recommendations were drafted. These were circulated to the Governors of the Endoscopic and Laparoscopic Surgeons of Asia (ELSA) for expert comments and discussion. The results of these were compiled and are presented in this paper.

Results
The recommendations include guidance for selection and screening of patients in times of active community spread, limited community spread, during times of sporadic cases or recovery and the transition between phases. Personal protective equipment requirements are also reviewed for each phase as minimum requirements. Capability management for the re-opening of services is also discussed. The choice between open and laparoscopic surgery is patient based, and the relative advantages of laparoscopic surgery with regard to complications, and respiratory recovery after major surgery has to be weighed against the lack of safety data for laparoscopic surgery in COVID-19 positive patients. We provide recommendations on the operating room set up and conduct of general surgery. If laparoscopic surgery is to be performed, we describe circuit modifications to assist in reducing plume generation and aerosolization.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic requires every surgical unit to have clear guidelines to ensure both patient and staff safety. These guidelines may assist in providing guidance to units developing their own protocols. A judicious approach must be adopted as surgical units look to re-open services as the pandemic evolves.
Die Mediterranisierung der Stadtnacht. Das Beispiel Osnabrück
Authors: Schäfer Laura 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Mediterranisierung des öffentlichen Raumes beschreibt die Ausbreitung von Außengastronomie in öffentlichen Räumen sowohl aus räumlicher als auch zeitlicher Perspektive. Diese Entwicklung eröffnet ein neues Themenfeld für die Planungspraxis von Großstädten – die Mediterranisierung der Stadtnacht. Der Beitrag untersucht die Anforderungen der Akteure der Außengastronomie an den öffentlichen Raum, aufbauend auf der Analyse der raumzeitlichen Strukturen sowie Akteursstrukturen am Fallbeispiel Innenstadt Osnabrück. Der Beitrag basiert auf einer Kartierung der Außengastronomie, qualitativen Interviews und einer quantitativen Befragung der Besuchenden der Außengastronomie. Es zeigt sich eine Ballung außengastronomischer Angebote in 2 Quartieren der nördlichen Innenstadt, welche durch unterschiedliche Rahmenbedingungen geprägt sind. Die ermittelten Akteure unterscheiden sich stark in ihrem Handlungsrahmen und im Grad ihrer Vernetzung. Im Ergebnis werden Handlungsfelder für die Planungspraxis ermittelt. Optimierungsbedarf zeigt sich v. a. im Bereich der Verkehrsinfrastruktur und Aufenthaltsqualität sowie in der Kommunikation und strategischen Ausrichtung.
Karst water resources and their complex utilization in the Bükk Mountains, northeast Hungary: an assessment from a regional hydrogeological perspective
Authors: Miklós Rita , Lénárt László , Darabos Enikő , Kovács Attila , Pelczéder Ágnes , Szabó Norbert Péter , Szűcs Péter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe cold and thermal karst water resources of the Bükk Mountains play a significant role in the hydrogeological setting of northeastern Hungary. Although there is much geological and hydrogeological information available, the regional hydrogeology of the Bükk Mountains had not been described in a standalone study involving all this information. The drinking water supply of the city of Miskolc and some other neighboring cities is based on the cold karst water resources of the Bükk Mountains. The thermal water resources have been getting more important, in terms of balneology and geothermal energy production, in this region over the last decade. An evaluation of the measurements of a 27-year-old groundwater quantity and quality monitoring system was performed. As a result, several types of new field hydrogeology, meteorology and spring discharge measurements were added to the monitoring scheme to provide information for studying the tendencies connected to extreme weather conditions. This will help to achieve sustainable utilization of the karst water resources. The main conclusions drawn in this study underline the importance of the strict measures associated with the water management of the Bükk Mountains because of the limited natural recharge and the continuously increasing demands on the cold and thermal water resources. A success story is found in Miskolc, which demonstrates the sustainable utilization of the deep thermal karst water; Miskolc hosts the largest geothermal heating plant in Central Europe with 60 MWt capacity.
Citarinostat and Momelotinib co-target HDAC6 and JAK2/STAT3 in lymphoid malignant cell lines: a potential new therapeutic combination
Authors: Cosenza Maria , Civallero Monica , Marcheselli Luigi , Sacchi Stefano , Pozzi Samantha 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHistone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors represent an encouraging class of antitumor drugs. HDAC inhibitors induce a series of molecular and biological responses and minimal toxicity to normal cells. Citarinostat (Acy-241) is a second generation, orally administered, HDAC6-selective inhibitor. Momelotinib (CYT387) is an orally administered inhibitor of Janus kinase/signal transducer of transcription-3 (JAK/STAT3) signaling. Momelotinib showed efficacy in patients with myelofibrosis. We hypothesized that both HDAC and JAK/STAT pathways were important in lymphoproliferative disorders, and that inhibiting JAK/STAT3 and HDAC simultaneously might enhance the efficacy of momelotinib and citarinostat without increasing toxicity. Accordingly, we tested the citarinostat + momelotinib combination in lymphoid cell lines. Citarinostat + momelotinib showed strong cytotoxicity; it significantly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, down-regulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and activated caspases 9 and 3. Caspase-8 was upregulated in only two lymphoid cell lines, which indicated activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. We identified a lymphoid cell line that was only slightly sensitive to the combination treatment. We knocked down thioredoxin expression by transfecting with small interfering RNA that targeted thioredoxin. This knockdown increased cell sensitivity to the combination-induced cell death. The combination treatment reduced Bcl-2 expression, activated caspase 3, and significantly inhibited cell viability and clonogenic survival.
Astragaloside IV protects human cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by regulating miR-101a
Authors: Wu Yang , Fan Zongjing , Chen Zhengju , Hu Jiqiang , Cui Jie , Liu Yang , Wang Yao , Guo Bin , Shen Juan , Xie Liandi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAstragaloside IV (AS/IV) is one of the extracted components from the traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus which has been demonstrated to have potential capacity for anti-inflammation activity and for treating cardiovascular disease. Our purpose was to determine the function and underlying molecular mechanism of AS/IV in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injured in cardiomyocytes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using bioinformatic analysis, and the molecular targeting relationship was verified by the dual-luciferase report system. H/R injured cardiomyocytes were employed to explore the effect of AS/IV. QRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were applied to detect the expression of mRNA and proteins, respectively. Additionally, superoxide dismutase (SOD), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and MDA (malondialdehyde) levels were detected to determine the oxidative damage. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8, and flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell apoptosis ratio. TGFBR1 and TLR2 were selected as DEGs. Additionally, AS/IV could enhance cell proliferation and upregulated miR-101a expression, which suppressed TGFBR1 and TLR2 expression in H/R injured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, the results of Western blot exhibited that the downstream genes (p-ERK and p-p38) in the MAPK signaling pathway were suppressed, which meant AS/IV could inhibit this pathway in H/R injured cardiomyocytes. Overall, this study demonstrated AS/IV could attenuate H/R injury in human cardiomyocytes via the miR-101a/TGFBR1/TLR2/MAPK signaling pathway axis, which means that it could serve as a possible alternate for H/R treatment.
Can we further improve tablet-based drawing to enhance learning? An empirical test of two types of support
Authors: Schmidgall Steffen P. , Scheiter Katharina , Eitel Alexander 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDigital drawing can foster learning, but only if the drawing is of sufficient quality. Hence, the focus of the present study was to investigate whether and how two types of drawing support may foster drawing quality and, in turn, learning outcomes. To this end, participants (N = 156) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions, in which they either just read text (control), were prompted to make a free-hand representational drawing (unsupported drawing), or they were additionally supported in their drawing efforts because a background (global support) or single elements for the drawing (local support) were already provided. Learning outcomes were assessed by means of recognition, transfer, and a drawing test. Results revealed that students from all three drawing conditions (unsupported, global, and local support) scored better on the transfer and drawing tests than the control condition. Both types of drawing support did neither increase drawing quality nor learning in comparison to unsupported drawing. Reasons for the latter findings are discussed.
Elevated CO2 offsets the alteration of foliar chemicals (n-icosane, geranyl acetate, and elixene) induced by elevated O3 in three taxa of O3-tolerant eucalypts
Authors: Novriyanti Eka , Mao Qiaozhi , Agathokleous Evgenios , Watanabe Makoto , Hashidoko Yasuyuki , Koike Takayoshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEucalypts are important forest resources in southwestern China, and may be tolerant to elevated ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations that can negatively affect plant growth. High CO2may offset O3-induced effects by providing excess carbon to produce secondary metabolites or by inducing stomatal closure. Here, the effects of elevated CO2and O3on leaf secondary metabolites and other defense chemicals were studied by exposing seedlings ofEucalyptus globulus, E. grandis,andE. camaldulensis × E. degluptato a factorial combination of two levels of O3(< 10 nmol mol−1and 60 nmol mol−1) and CO2(ambient: 370 μmol mol−1and 600 μmol mol−1) in open-top field chambers. GC-profiles of leaf extracts illustrated the effect of elevated O3and the countering effect of high CO2on compounds in leaf epicuticular wax and essential oils, i.e.,n-icosane, geranyl acetate and elixene, compounds known as a first-line defense against insect herbivores.n-Icosane may be involved in tolerance mechanisms ofE. grandisand the hybrid, while geranyl acetate and elixene in the tolerance ofE. globulus. Elevated O3and CO2, singly or in combination, affected only leaf physiology but not biomass of various organs. Elevated CO2impacted several leaf traits, including stomatal conductance, leaf mass per area, carbon, lignin,n-icosane, geranyl acetate and elixene. Limited effects of elevated O3on leaf physiology (nitrogen,n-icosane, geranyl acetate, elixene) were commonly offset by elevated CO2. We conclude thatE. globulus,E. grandisand the hybrid were tolerant to these O3and CO2treatments, andn-icosane, geranyl acetate and elixene may be major players in tolerance mechanisms of the tested species.
Natural variations in flavonoids and triterpenoids of Cyclocarya paliurus leaves
Authors: Sun Caowen , Shang Xulan , Ding Haifen , Cao Yanni , Fang Shengzuo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCyclocarya paliurusis widely distributed in subtropical areas of China. Secondary metabolites in the leaves, including flavonoids and triterpenoids, provide protection against diseases such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, and hypoimmunity. In this study, 343C. paliurusleaves were collected from 32 distinct populations covering most of the main distribution, to deduce the response of flavonoids and triterpenoids to seven environmental factors. Principal component analysis was performed using seven flavonoid and six triterpenoid compounds. The results show that altitude, latitude, and longitude significantly contributed to variations in total flavonoid and triterpenoid contents. In addition, the interaction of these metabolites was extensively correlated with environment changes, and therefore should be considered during selection and cultivation.
Adenosine A2A Receptors in Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Attenuate Cognitive Impairment in Mice After Chronic Hypoperfusion White Matter Injury
Authors: Ran Hong , Yuan Jichao , Huang Jialu , Wang Jie , Chen Kangning , Zhou Zhenhua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe mechanism of cognitive dysfunction caused by ischemic white matter lesions is unclear. To explore the effect and mechanism of different cell-derived adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) in cognitive impairment caused by chronic hypoperfusion white matter lesions (CHWMLs), we destroyed the bone marrow hematopoietic capacity of the recipient mice using radiation irradiation followed by establishing the selectively inactivated or reconstituted A2AR models with the transplanting bone marrow from global A2AR gene knockout or wild-type mice into wild-type or gene knockout mice, respectively. Then Morris Water Maze (MWM), ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and Bielschowsky silver staining were used to assess the effect and mechanism of the cognitive function in chronic cerebral blood flow hypoperfusion (CCH) model. Selectively reconstructing bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) A2AR (WT → KO group) and activated total adenosine A2AR with CGS21680 (CCH + CGS group) improved the cognitive related index. Activation of BMDC A2AR suppressed expression of inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood and reduced the number of activated microglia cells co-localized with cystatin F in local brain, consequently inhibited white matter lesions. On the contrary, selective inactivation of adenosine A2AR (KO → WT group) and activation of non-BMDC A2AR with CGS21680 (KO → WT + CGS group) served the opposite effects. These results suggested that BMDC A2AR could inhibit white matter lesions and attenuate cognitive impairment after CHWMLs, whereas non-BMDC A2ARs aggravate cognitive impairment. The systemic inflammatory response and local activated microglia with cystatin F high expression were involved in the process of cognitive function recovery with BMDC A2AR. The overall trend is that BMDC A2ARs play a leading role.