bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From student to professional: recent conservatoire graduates’ experiences of instrumental teaching
Authors: Shaw Luan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis research, carried out across 2017–2018, investigated Royal Birmingham Conservatoire (RBC) graduates’ experiences of working as instrumental teachers. A total of 31 participants (who graduated across 2012–2016 and studied an optional ‘Further Pedagogy’ module in their final year) responded to a questionnaire, and two were observed whilst teaching, and subsequently interviewed (2018). Results indicate that RBC students who chose to extend their pedagogical training beyond the core provision offered in the third year proved highly employable as instrumental teachers. Graduates considered teaching to be both fulfilling and challenging and were able to use insights gained ‘on the job’ to advise others. Whilst the sample was clearly limited, these findings contribute to an improved understanding of how instrumental teacher education in conservatoires might be further developed to effectively prepare students for the profession.
Parent education to improve early language development: A preliminary evaluation of LENA StartTM
Authors: ELMQUIST Marianne , FINESTACK Lizbeth H. , KRIESE Amanda , LEASE Erin M. , MCCONNELL Scott R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractParents play an important role in creating home language environments that promote language development. A nonequivalent group design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based implementation of LENA Start™, a parent-training program aimed at increasing the quantity of adult words (AWC) and conversational turns (CT). Parent-child dyads participated in LENA Start™ (n = 39) or a generic parent education program (n = 17). Overall, attendance and engagement in the LENA StartTMprogram were high: 72% of participants met criteria to graduate from the program. Within-subject gains were positive for LENA Start™ families. Comparison families declined on these measures. However, both effects were non-significant. Between-group analyses revealed small to medium-sized effects favoring LENA Start™ and these were significant for child vocalizations (CV) and CT but not AWC. These results provide preliminary evidence that programs like LENA StartTMcan be embedded in community-based settings to promote quality parent-child language interactions.
Lurasidone and risk for metabolic syndrome: results from short- and long-term clinical studies in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Tocco Michael , Newcomer John W. , Mao Yongcai , Pikalov Andrei , Loebel Antony 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effects of treatment with lurasidone on risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsRates of metabolic syndrome during treatment with lurasidone (40-160 mg/d) were analyzed using pooled, short-term data from three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (vs olanzapine and quetiapine XR); long-term data from two active-comparator-controlled studies (vs risperidone and quetiapine XR); and data from two open-label studies in which patients were switched from olanzapine or risperidone to lurasidone.ResultsMetS was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. In short-term studies, the odds of meeting criteria for MetS at week 6 LOCF (adjusted for baseline metabolic syndrome status) was similar for the lurasidone and placebo groups (OR = 1.18; [95% CI, 0.81-1.71]; P = .39), but the odds (vs placebo) were significantly greater for olanzapine (OR = 2.81; [95% CI, 1.53-5.15]; P < .001) and quetiapine (OR = 3.49; [95% CI, 1.93-6.29]; P < .0001). No dose effect was observed for lurasidone across the dose range of 40-160 mg/d. In long-term studies, the odds of MetS after 12 months of treatment was significantly higher for risperidone compared with lurasidone (OR = 2.12; 95% CI, 1.15-3.90; P = .016) and for quetiapine XR compared with lurasidone (OR = 3.92; 95% CI, 1.15-13.40; P = .029). In open-label extension studies, the rate of MetS decreased in patients switched to lurasidone after 6 weeks of treatment with olanzapine or 12 months of treatment with risperidone.ConclusionIn this analysis of lurasidone clinical trials, the odds of developing metabolic syndrome were minimal during short- and long-term treatment with lurasidone (40-160 mg/d).
Transperineal ultrasound for aiding target volume delineation and monitoring during prostate cancer radiotherapy in men with bilateral hip prostheses
Authors: Hilman Serena Jayne , Bird Thomas , Gieryluk Piotr , Richardson Amy , Jacobs Petra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims:To investigate the use of co-registration of the computerised tomography (CT) planning scan with transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) as an aid to the delineation of the clinical target volume (CTV), and the use of TPUS as a tool for inter- and intra-fractional monitoring in men with bilateral hip prostheses (b-P) undergoing prostate radiotherapy.Materials and methods:We marked the CTV of three patients with and without the co-registered TPUS images. A metal artefact reduction algorithm was utilised. Two patients were treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and one with volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). The inter- and intra-fractional monitoring details were reviewed retrospectively.Results:Clinician marking with TPUS/CT fusion improved the confidence of prostate CTV delineation leading to a consistent change in volumes across two observers. Inter- and intra-fractional monitoring was possible using TPUS as image guidance, as it is for those patients with non-prosthetic hips.Findings:Using TPUS in the radiotherapy workflow has enabled us to more confidently plan, treat and monitor patients with b-HP. Due to transperineal image acquisition, the ultrasound images are not affected by the presence of hip prostheses, which are outside the field of view.
Ketamine modulates fronto-striatal circuitry in depressed and healthy individuals
Authors: Mkrtchian Anahit , Evans Jennifer W. , Kraus Christoph , Yuan Peixiong , Kadriu Bashkim , Nugent Allison C. , Roiser Jonathan P. , Zarate Carlos A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractKetamine improves motivation-related symptoms in depression but simultaneously elicits similar symptoms in healthy individuals, suggesting that it might have different effects in health and disease. This study examined whether ketamine affects the brain’s fronto-striatal system, which is known to drive motivational behavior. The study also assessed whether inflammatory mechanisms—which are known to influence neural and behavioral motivational processes—might underlie some of these changes. These questions were explored in the context of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of ketamine in 33 individuals with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TRD) and 25 healthy volunteers (HVs). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) was acquired 2 days post-ketamine (final sample: TRD n = 27, HV n = 19) and post-placebo (final sample: TRD n = 25, HV n = 18) infusions and was used to probe fronto-striatal circuitry with striatal seed-based functional connectivity. Ketamine increased fronto-striatal functional connectivity in TRD participants toward levels observed in HVs while shifting the connectivity profile in HVs toward a state similar to TRD participants under placebo. Preliminary findings suggest that these effects were largely observed in the absence of inflammatory (C-reactive protein) changes and were associated with both acute and sustained improvements in symptoms in the TRD group. Ketamine thus normalized fronto-striatal connectivity in TRD participants but disrupted it in HVs independently of inflammatory processes. These findings highlight the potential importance of reward circuitry in ketamine’s mechanism of action, which may be particularly relevant for understanding ketamine-induced shifts in motivational symptoms.
Changes in network centrality of psychopathology symptoms between the COVID-19 outbreak and after peak
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Hu Zhishan , Feng Yi , Wilson Amanda , Chen Runsen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current study investigated the mechanism and changes in psychopathology symptoms throughout the COVID-19 outbreak and after peak. Two studies were conducted separately in China during outbreak and the after peak stages, with 2540 participants were recruited from February 6 to 16, 2020, and 2543 participants were recruited from April 25 to May 5, 2020. The network models were created to explore the relationship between psychopathology symptoms both within and across anxiety and depression, with anxiety measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and depression measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Symptom network analysis was conducted to evaluate network and bridge centrality, and the network properties were compared between the outbreak and after peak. Noticeably, psychomotor symptoms such as impaired motor skills, restlessness, and inability to relax exhibited high centrality during the outbreak, which still relatively high but showed substantial remission during after peak stage (in terms of strength, betweenness, or bridge centrality). Meanwhile, symptoms of irritability (strength, betweenness, or bridge centrality) and loss of energy (bridge centrality) played an important role in the network after the peak of the pandemic. This study provides novel insights into the changes in central features during the different COVID-19 stages and highlights motor-related symptoms as bridge symptoms, which could activate the connection between anxiety and depression. The results revealed that restrictions on movement were associated with worsen in psychomotor symptoms, indicating that future psychological interventions should target motor-related symptoms as priority.
Systems-based proteomics to resolve the biology of Alzheimer’s disease beyond amyloid and tau
Authors: Rayaprolu Sruti , Higginbotham Lenora , Bagchi Pritha , Watson Caroline M. , Zhang Tian , Levey Allan I. , Rangaraju Srikant , Seyfried Nicholas T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe repeated failures of amyloid-targeting therapies have challenged our narrow understanding of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis and inspired wide-ranging investigations into the underlying mechanisms of disease. Increasing evidence indicates that AD develops from an intricate web of biochemical and cellular processes that extend far beyond amyloid and tau accumulation. This growing recognition surrounding the diversity of AD pathophysiology underscores the need for holistic systems-based approaches to explore AD pathogenesis. Here we describe how network-based proteomics has emerged as a powerful tool and how its application to the AD brain has provided an informative framework for the complex protein pathophysiology underlying the disease. Furthermore, we outline how the AD brain network proteome can be leveraged to advance additional scientific and translational efforts, including the discovery of novel protein biomarkers of disease.
Does insulin-like growth factor moderate the association between height and risk of cancer at 24 sites?
Authors: Parra-Soto Solange , Ho Frederick K. , Pell Jill P. , Celis-Morales Carlos 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Whether the association of height with cancers differs by insulin-like growth factors has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the sex-specific associations between height and 24 site-specific cancers and to assess whether the association differed by IGF-1.

Methods
In total, 414,923 participants from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study were included. The association of height (per 5-cm increment) with incidence and mortality from 24 cancer sites was investigated by using Cox proportional hazard models.

Results
The median follow-up was 6.0 years. In men, height was positively associated with incidence risk of all-cause cancer and at five sites (lung, lymphatic, leukaemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and melanoma). In women, it was associated with breast, melanoma, lymphatic, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and all-cause cancer. The association was stronger in women than men for all-cause cancer incidence. The strength of the association did not differ by IGF-1 concentration.

Conclusions
Adult height was associated with risk of several cancer sites. However, some of these associations were sex-specific. There was no strong evidence to support IGF-1 moderating the association between height and cancer.
Ivabradine is as effective as metoprolol in the prevention of ventricular arrhythmias in acute non-reperfused myocardial infarction in the rat
Authors: Marciszek Mariusz , Paterek Aleksandra , Oknińska Marta , Mackiewicz Urszula , Mączewski Michał 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVentricular arrhythmias are a major source of early mortality in acute myocardial infarction (MI) and remain a major therapeutic challenge. Thus we investigated effects of ivabradine, a presumably specific bradycardic agent versus metoprolol, a β-blocker, at doses offering the same heart rate (HR) reduction, on ventricular arrhythmias in the acute non-reperfused MI in the rat. Immediately after MI induction a single dose of ivabradine/ metoprolol was given. ECG was continuously recorded and ventricular arrhythmias were analyzed. After 6 h epicardial monophasic action potentials (MAPs) were recorded and cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling was assessed. Both ivabradine and metoprolol reduced HR by 17% and arrhythmic mortality (14% and 19%, respectively, versus 33% in MI, p < 0.05) and ventricular arrhythmias in post-MI rats. Both drugs reduced QTc prolongation and decreased sensitivity of ryanodine receptors in isolated cardiomyocytes, but otherwise had no effect on Ca2+ handling, velocity of conduction or repolarization. We did not find any effects of potential IKr inhibition by ivabradine in this setting. Thus Ivabradine is an equally effective antiarrhythmic agent as metoprolol in early MI in the rat. It could be potentially tested as an alternative antiarrhythmic agent in acute MI when β-blockers are contraindicated.
Exocyst components promote an incompatible interaction between Glycine max (soybean) and Heterodera glycines (the soybean cyst nematode)
Authors: Sharma Keshav , Niraula Prakash M. , Troell Hallie A. , Adhikari Mandeep , Alshehri Hamdan Ali , Alkharouf Nadim W. , Lawrence Kathy S. , Klink Vincent P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVesicle and target membrane fusion involves tethering, docking and fusion. The GTPaseSECRETORY4(SEC4) positions the exocyst complex during vesicle membrane tethering, facilitating docking and fusion.Glycine max(soybean) Sec4 functions in the root during its defense against the parasitic nematodeHeterodera glycinesas it attempts to develop a multinucleate nurse cell (syncytium) serving to nourish the nematode over its 30-day life cycle. Results indicate that other tethering proteins are also important for defense. TheG. maxexocyst is encoded by 61 genes: 5 EXOC1 (Sec3), 2 EXOC2 (Sec5), 5 EXOC3 (Sec6), 2 EXOC4 (Sec8), 2 EXOC5 (Sec10) 6 EXOC6 (Sec15), 31 EXOC7 (Exo70) and 8 EXOC8 (Exo84) genes. At least one member of each gene family is expressed within the syncytium during the defense response. Syncytium-expressed exocyst genes function in defense while some are under transcriptional regulation by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The exocyst component EXOC7-H4-1 is not expressed within the syncytium but functions in defense and is under MAPK regulation. The tethering stage of vesicle transport has been demonstrated to play an important role in defense in theG. max-H. glycinespathosystem, with some of the spatially and temporally regulated exocyst components under transcriptional control by MAPKs.
The Access to Literacy Assessment System for Phonological Awareness: An Adaptive Measure of Phonological Awareness Appropriate for Children With Speech and/or Language Impairment
Authors: Skibbe Lori E. , Bowles Ryan P. , Goodwin Sarah , Troia Gary A. , Konishi Haruka 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe Access to Literacy Assessment System–Phonological Awareness (ATLAS-PA) was developed for use with children with speech and/or language impairment. The subtests (Rhyming, Blending, and Segmenting) are appropriate for children who are 3–7 years of age. ATLAS-PA is composed entirely of receptive items, incorporates individualized levels of instruction, and is adaptive in nature.MethodTo establish the construct validity of ATLAS-PA, we collected data from children with typical development (n= 938) and those who have speech and/or language impairment (n= 227).ResultsRasch analyses indicated that items fit well together and formed a unidimensional construct of phonological awareness. Differential item functioning was minimal between the two groups of children, and scores on ATLAS-PA were moderately to strongly related to other measures of phonological awareness. Information about item functioning was used to create an adaptive version of ATLAS-PA.ConclusionsFindings suggest that ATLAS-PA is a valid measure of phonological awareness that can be used with children with typical development and with speech and/or language impairment. Its adaptive format minimizes testing time and provides opportunities for monitoring progress in preschool and early elementary classrooms.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12931691
Building Blocks of Knowledge: A Close Look at Prerequisite Coursework for Graduate Programs in Speech-Language Pathology
Authors: Sylvan Lesley , Brock Kris L. , Perkins Andrea , Garrett Jessica 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purposes of this exploratory study were to examine the variability among prerequisite courses required by speech-language pathology graduate programs and to explore how faculty in leadership positions within graduate programs approach decision making about these courses.MethodThis research involved gathering data about the number and type of prerequisite course requirements from American Speech-Language-Hearing Association–accredited speech-language pathology master's degree programs (n= 272) and conducting interviews with a small sample of speech-language pathology department faculty (n= 12).ResultsThe large majority of speech-language pathology graduate programs required the same four general education prerequisite courses. The number of prerequisite courses specific to communication sciences and disorders ranged from three to 17. The rationale for which and how many courses to include as prerequisites varied across programs. Issues related to student preparation and foundation for graduate coursework, the composition of the student body, administrative and logistical factors, and traditions and history of each program influenced how faculty made decisions regarding prerequisites.ConclusionWhile there is not a clear consensus across programs about the number and type of prerequisites necessary to start graduate school in speech-language pathology, most programs feel their ongoing decision making in this area has set up students within their own programs for successful outcomes.
Distribution of methanol and cyclopropenylidene around starless cores
Authors: Spezzano S. , Caselli P. , Pineda J. E. , Bizzocchi L. , Prudenzano D. , Nagy Z. 
Published: September 2020

Context. The spatial distribution of molecules around starless cores is a powerful tool for studying the physics and chemistry governing the earliest stages of star formation.
Aims. Our aim is to study the chemical differentiation in starless cores to determine the influence of large-scale effects on the spatial distribution of molecules within the cores. Furthermore, we want to put observational constraints on the mechanisms responsible in starless cores for the desorption of methanol from the surface of dust grains where it is efficiently produced.
Methods. We mapped methanol, CH3OH, and cyclopropenylidene, c-C3H2, with the IRAM 30 m telescope in the 3 mm band towards six starless cores embedded in different environments, and in different evolutionary stages. Furthermore, we searched for correlations among physical properties of the cores and the methanol distribution.
Results. From our maps we can infer that the chemical segregation between CH3OH and c-C3H2 is driven by uneven illumination from the interstellar radiation field (ISRF). The side of the core that is more illuminated has more C atoms in the gas-phase and the formation of carbon-chain molecules like c-C3H2 is enhanced. Instead, on the side that is less exposed to the ISRF the C atoms are mostly locked in carbon monoxide, CO, the precursor of methanol.
Conclusions. We conclude that large-scale effects have a direct impact on the chemical segregation that we can observe at core scale. However, the non-thermal mechanisms responsible for the desorption of methanol in starless cores do not show any dependency on the H2 column density at the methanol peak.
Die Erfahrungen von Physiotherapeuten in der internationalen Freiwilligenarbeit im Ausland – Eine Analyse aus postkolonialer Perspektive
Authors: Kahler Rebecca , Probst Annette , Barth Cornelia A. 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Physiotherapeutische Projekte in der internationalen Freiwilligenarbeit erfreuen sich in Deutschland immer größerer Beliebtheit. Es existiert jedoch kaum Wissen über die Erfahrungen von Physiotherapeuten in solchen Freiwilligenprojekten.Ziel Unter Berücksichtigung der postkolonialen Theorien wurde ermittelt, wie deutsche Physiotherapeuten retrospektiv über ihr Erleben der Projektarbeit und deren Nachwirkungen auf ihr (Berufs-)Leben berichten und inwieweit die (Re-)Produktion kolonialer Machtstrukturen darin deutlich wird.Methode Drei Physiotherapeutinnen – ehemalige Freiwillige (Ghana, Nepal, Vietnam, Ruanda) – wurden mittels episodischer Interviews befragt. Der Feldzugang erfolgte über Freiwilligenorganisationen, Hochschulen und soziale Medien. Die Datenauswertung erfolgte mittels Situationsanalyse nach Clarke und der Grounded Theory.Ergebnisse Die Freiwilligen erlebten sich in einem Spannungsfeld zwischen der Selbsteinschätzung ihrer fachlichen Kompetenzen, den Erwartungshaltungen von Projektmitarbeitern und Patienten sowie der erfahrenen Projektrealität. Dieses Spannungsfeld ist u. a. auf das Vorhandensein sowie die (Re-)Produktion kolonialer Machtstrukturen zurückzuführen, die in unterschiedlichem Maße von den Freiwilligen wahrgenommen und reflektiert wurden. Die Einsätze wurden dennoch als bedeutsam für die persönliche und berufliche Weiterentwicklung von den Freiwilligen wahrgenommen.Schlussfolgerung Es zeigt sich, dass koloniale Machtstrukturen zu widersprüchlichen Erwartungen sowohl bei den befragten Physiotherapeuten als auch bei den lokalen Partnern führen. Künftig wäre es sinnvoll, ein Bewusstsein für koloniale Machtstrukturen zu schaffen, eine bessere fachliche Vorbereitung der Freiwilligen zu gewährleisten und Austauschmodelle generell zu überarbeiten.
Prädiktive Faktoren für die zentrale Sensibilisierung bei Patienten mit Low Back Pain
Authors: Mattes-Endreß Helga 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungBei den pathophysiologischen Mechanismen der zentralen Sensitivierung ist die Sensibilität des ZNS auf einen normalen oder unterschwelligen afferenten Input gesteigert. Dieser Vorgang ist ein potenzieller Mechanismus, der einer Gruppe chronischer Krankheitsbilder unterliegt (Fibromyalgie, Kiefergelenkbeschwerden, Reizdarmsyndrom, Spannungskopfschmerz, andauernde Nacken- und Rückenschmerzen).Aufgrund eines fehlenden Goldstandards für den diagnostischen Prozess war das Ziel dieser Literatursuche, prädiktive Faktoren für eine zentrale Sensibilisierung bei Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen zu identifizieren. Die Recherche nach relevanter Literatur fand in den Datenbanken PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL und Sport Discus statt. Zehn selektierte Arbeiten wiesen auf verschiedene Faktoren für die Bestimmung der zentralen Sensitivierung sowie drei mögliche Klassifizierungssysteme hin.