bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered subcortical emotional salience processing differentiates Parkinson’s patients with and without psychotic symptoms
Authors: Knolle F. , Garofalo S. , Viviani R. , Justicia A. , Ermakova A.O. , Blank H. , Williams G.B. , Arrondo G. , Ramachandra P. , Tudor-Sfetea C. , Bunzeck N. , Duezel E. , Robbins T.W. , Barker R.A. , Murray G.K. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundCurrent research does not provide a clear explanation for why some patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) develop psychotic symptoms. In the field of schizophrenia research the ‘aberrant salience hypothesis’ of psychosis has been influential. According to the theory, dopaminergic dysregulation leads to the inappropriate attribution of salience to otherwise irrelevant or non-informative stimuli, allowing for the formation of hallucinations and delusions. This theory has not yet been extensively investigated in the context of psychosis in PD.MethodsWe investigated salience processing in 14 PD patients with a history of psychotic symptoms, 23 PD patients without psychotic symptoms and 19 healthy controls. All patients received dopaminergic medication. We examined emotional salience using a visual oddball fMRI paradigm (Bunzeck and Düzel, 2006) that previously has been used to investigate early stages of schizophrenia spectrum psychosis, controlling for resting cerebral blood flow as assessed with arterial spin labelling fMRI.ResultsWe found significant differences between patient groups in brain responses to emotional salience. PD patients with psychotic symptoms revealed senhanced brain responses in the striatum, the hippocampus and the amygdala compared to PD patients without psychotic symptoms. PD patients with psychotic symptoms also showed significant correlations between the levels of dopaminergic drugs they were taking and BOLD signalling, as well as psychotic symptom scores. Furthermore, our data provide a first indication for dysfunctional top-down processes, measured in a ‘jumping to conclusions’ bias.ConclusionOur study suggests that enhanced signalling in the striatum, hippocampus and amygdala together with deficient top-down cognitive regulations is associated with the development of psychotic symptoms in PD which is similar to that proposed in the ‘aberrant salience hypothesis’ of psychosis in schizophrenia.
Association Between Tuberculosis and Depression on Negative Outcomes of Tuberculosis Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ruiz-Grosso Paulo , Cachay Rodrigo , de la Flor Adriana , Schwalb Alvaro , Ugarte-Gil Cesar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a common comorbidity of tuberculosis (TB) and is associated with poor adherence to treatment of multiple disorders. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize the existing evidence on the relationship between depression and negative outcomes of TB treatment.MethodsWe systematically reviewed studies that evaluated depressive symptoms (DS) directly or indirectly through psychological distress (PD) and measured negative treatment outcomes of drug-sensitive pulmonary TB, defined as death, loss to follow-up, or non-adherence. Sources included PubMed, Global Health Library, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science from inception to August 2019.ResultsOf the 2,970 studies initially identified, eight articles were eligible for inclusion and two were used for the primary outcome meta-analysis. We found a strong association between DS and negative TB treatment outcomes (OR=4.26; CI95%:2.33-7.79; I2=0%). DS were also associated with loss to follow-up (OR=8.70; CI95%:6.50-11.64; I2=0%) and death (OR=2.85; CI95%:1.52-5.36; I2=0%). Non-adherence was not associated with DS and PD (OR=1.34; CI95%:0.70-2.72; I2=94.36) or PD alone (OR=0.92; CI95%:0.81-1.05; I2=0%).ConclusionsDS are associated with the negative TB treatment outcomes of death and loss to follow-up. Considerable heterogeneity exists in the definition of depression and outcomes such as non-adherence across the limited number of studies on this topic.
Egocentric Sexual Networks of Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States: Results from the ARTnet Study
Authors: Weiss Kevin M. , Goodreau Steven M. , Morris Martina , Prasad Pragati , Ramaraju Ramya , Sanchez Travis , Jenness Samuel M. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present an overview and descriptive results from the first egocentric network study of MSM from across the United States (U.S.): the ARTnet study. ARTnet was designed to support prevention research for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that are transmitted across partnership networks. ARTnet implemented a population-based egocentric network study design that sampled egos from the target population and asked them to report on the number, attributes, and timing of their sexual partnerships. Such data provide the foundation needed for estimating and simulating stochastic network models that are used for disease projection and intervention planning. ARTnet collected data online from 2017 to 2019, with a final sample of 4904 participants who reported on 16198 sexual partnerships. The analytic aims of the study were to characterize the joint distribution of three network parameters needed for modeling: degree distributions, assortative mixing, and partnership length, with heterogeneity by partnership type (main, casual and one-time), demography, and geography. Participants had an average of 1.19 currently active partnerships (“mean degree”), which was higher for casual partnerships (0.74) than main partnerships (0.45). The mean rate of one-time partnership acquisition was 0.16 per week (8.5 partners per year). Main partnerships lasted 272.5 weeks on average, while casual partnerships lasted 133.0 weeks. There was strong but heterogenous assortative mixing by race/ethnicity for all groups. The mean absolute age difference was 9.5 years, with main partners differing by 6.3 years compared to 10.8 years for casual partners. Our analysis suggests that MSM may be at sustained risk for HIV/STI acquisition and transmission through high network degree of sexual partnerships. The ARTnet network study provides a robust and reproducible foundation for understanding the dynamics of HIV/STI epidemiology among U.S. MSM and supporting the implementation science that seeks to address persistent challenges in HIV/STI prevention.
Predictive approaches to heterogeneous treatment effects: a systematic review
Authors: Rekkas Alexandros , Paulus Jessica K. , Raman Gowri , Wong John B. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Rijnbeek Peter R. , Kent David M. , van Klaveren David 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence suggests that there is often substantial variation in the benefits and harms across a trial population. We aimed to identify regression modeling approaches that assess heterogeneity of treatment effect within a randomized clinical trial.MethodsWe performed a literature review using a broad search strategy, complemented by suggestions of a technical expert panel.ResultsThe approaches are classified into 3 categories: 1) Risk-based methods (11 papers) use only prognostic factors to define patient subgroups, relying on the mathematical dependency of the absolute risk difference on baseline risk; 2) Treatment effect modeling methods (9 papers) use both prognostic factors and treatment effect modifiers to explore characteristics that interact with the effects of therapy on a relative scale. These methods couple data-driven subgroup identification with approaches to prevent overfitting, such as penalization or use of separate data sets for subgroup identification and effect estimation. 3) Optimal treatment regime methods (12 papers) focus primarily on treatment effect modifiers to classify the trial population into those who benefit from treatment and those who do not. Finally, we also identified papers which describe model evaluation methods (4 papers).ConclusionThree classes of approaches were identified to assess heterogeneity of treatment effect. Methodological research, including both simulations and empirical evaluations, is required to compare the available methods in different settings and to derive well-informed guidance for their application in RCT analysis.Key messagesHeterogeneity of treatment effect refers to the non-random variation in the direction or magnitude of a treatment effect for individuals within a population.A large number of regression-based predictive approaches to the analysis of treatment effect heterogeneity exists, which can be divided into three broad classes based on if they incorporate: prognostic factors (risk-based methods); treatment effect modifiers (optimal treatment regime methods); or both (treatment effect modeling methods).Simulations and empirical evaluations are required to compare the available methods in different settings and to derive well-informed guidance for their application in RCT analysis.
Quality of care at safety-net hospitals and the impact on pay-for-performance reimbursement
Authors: Sarkar Reith R. , Courtney Patrick T. , Bachand Katie , Sheridan Paige , Riviere Paul , Guss Zachary D. , Lopez Christian R. , Brandel Michael G. , Banegas Matthew P. , Murphy James D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPay-for-performance reimbursement ties hospital payments to standardized quality of care metrics. The impact of pay-for-performance reimbursement models on safety-net hospitals, which care primarily for uninsured or underinsured patients, remains poorly defined. This study evaluates how standardized quality of care metrics vary by a hospital’s safety-net status, and helps us better understand the potential impact that pay-for-performance reimbursement could have on funding of safety-net hospitals.MethodsWe identified 1,703,865 bladder, breast, cervix, colon, endometrium, gastric, lung, ovary, or rectum cancer patients treated at 1,344 hospitals diagnosed between 2004 and 2015. Safety-net burden was defined for each hospital as the percentage of uninsured or Medicaid patients cared for by that hospital. Hospitals were grouped into low-, medium-, and high-burden hospitals. We evaluated the impact of safety-net burden on concordance with 20 standardized quality of care measures, adjusting for differences in patient age, gender, stage at diagnosis, and comorbidity.ResultsPatients seen at high-burden hospitals were more likely to be young, male, black, Hispanic, and to reside in a low-income and low-educated region. High-burden hospitals had lower adherence to 13 of 20 quality measures compared to low-burden hospitals (all p<0.05). Among the 350 high-burden hospitals, the quality measures were lowest for those caring for the highest fraction of uninsured or Medicaid patients, minority serving hospitals, and those caring for less educated patients (all p<0.001).DiscussionCancer care at safety-net hospitals was associated with lower concordance to standardized quality of care measures. Under a pay-for-performance reimbursement model these lower quality of care scores could decrease payments to safety-net hospitals, potentially increasing health disparities for at-risk cancer patients.
Defining predatory journals and responding to the threat they pose: a modified Delphi consensus process
Authors: Cukier Samantha , Lalu Manoj M. , Bryson Gregory L. , Cobey Kelly D. , Grudniewicz Agnes , Moher David 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundPosing as legitimate open access outlets, predatory journals and publishers threaten the integrity of academic publishing by not following publication best practices. Currently, there is no agreed upon definition of predatory journals, making it difficult for funders and academic institutions to generate practical guidance or policy to ensure their members do not publish in these channels.MethodsWe conducted a modified three-round Delphi survey of an international group of academics, funders, policy makers, journal editors, publishers and others, to generate a consensus definition of predatory journals and suggested ways the research community should respond to the problem.ResultsA total of 45 participants completed the survey on predatory journals and publishers. We reached consensus on 18 items out of a total of 33, to be included in a consensus definition of predatory journals and publishers. We came to consensus on educational outreach and policy initiatives on which to focus, including the development of a single checklist to detect predatory journals and publishers, and public funding to support research in this general area. We identified technological solutions to address the problem: a ‘one-stop-shop’ website to consolidate information on the topic and a ‘predatory journal research observatory’ to identify ongoing research and analysis about predatory journals/publishers.ConclusionsIn bringing together an international group of diverse stakeholders, we were able to use a modified Delphi process to inform the development of a definition of predatory journals and publishers. This definition will help institutions, funders and other stakeholders generate practical guidance on avoiding predatory journals and publishers.
Acute ischemic stroke alters the brain’s preference for distinct dynamic connectivity states
Authors: Bonkhoff Anna K. , Espinoza Flor A. , Gazula Harshvardhan , Vergara Victor M. , Hensel Lukas , Michely Jochen , Paul Theresa , Rehme Anne , Volz Lukas J. , Fink Gereon R. , Calhoun Vince D. , Grefkes Christian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAcute ischemic stroke disturbs healthy brain organization, prompting subsequent plasticity and reorganization to compensate for loss of specialized neural tissue and function.Staticresting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have already furthered our understanding of cerebral reorganization by estimating stroke-induced changes in network connectivity aggregated over the duration of several minutes. In this study, we utilizeddynamicresting-state fMRI analyses to increase temporal resolution to seconds and explore transient configurations of motor network connectivity in acute stroke. To this end, we collected resting-state fMRI data of 31 acute ischemic stroke patients and 17 age-matched healthy controls. Stroke patients presented with moderate to severe hand motor deficits. By estimating dynamic connectivity within a sliding window framework, we identified three distinct connectivity configurations of motor-related networks. Motor networks were organized into three regional domains, i.e. a cortical, subcortical and cerebellar domain. Temporal connectivity patterns of stroke patients markedly diverged from those of healthy controls depending on the severity of the initial motor impairment. Moderately affected patients (n=18) spent significantly more time in a weakly connected configuration that was characterized by low levels of connectivity, both locally as well as between distant regions. In contrast, severely affected patients (n=13) showed a significant preference for transitions into a spatially segregated connectivity configuration. This configuration featured particularly high levels of local connectivity within the three regional domains as well as anti-correlated connectivity between distant networks across domains. A third connectivity configuration represented an intermediate connectivity pattern compared to the preceding two, and predominantly encompassed decreased inter-hemispheric connectivity between cortical motor networks independent of individual deficit severity. Alterations within this third configuration thus closely resembled previously reported ones originating fromstaticresting-state fMRI studies post-stroke.In summary, acute ischemic stroke not only prompted changes in connectivity between distinct functional networks, yet also caused severe aberrations in temporal properties of large-scale network interactions depending on the individual deficit severity. These findings offer new vistas on the dynamic neural mechanisms underlying acute neurological symptoms, cortical reorganization and treatment effects in stroke patients.
The Derived-Band Envelope Following Response and its Sensitivity to Sensorineural Hearing Deficits
Authors: Keshishzadeh Sarineh , Garrett Markus , Vasilkov Viacheslav , Verhulst Sarah 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe envelope following response (EFR) has been proposed as a non-invasive marker of synaptopathy in animal models. However, its amplitude is affected by the spread of basilar-membrane excitation and other coexisting sensorineural hearing deficits. This study aims to (i) improve frequency specificity of the EFR by introducing a derived-band EFR (DBEFR) technique and (ii) investigate the effect of lifetime noise exposure, age and outer-hair-cell (OHC) damage on DBEFR magnitudes. Additionally, we adopt a modelling approach to validate the frequency-specificity of the DBEFR and test how different aspects of sensorineural hearing loss affect peripheral generators. The combined analysis of simulations and experimental data proposes that the DBEFRs extracted from the [2-6]-kHz frequency band is a sensitive and frequency-specific measure of synaptopathy in humans. Individual variability in DBEFR magnitudes among listeners with normal audiograms was explained by their self-reported amount of experienced lifetime noise-exposure and corresponded to amplitude variability predicted by synaptopathy. Older listeners consistently had reduced DBEFR magnitudes in comparison to young normal-hearing listeners, in correspondence to how age-induced synaptopathy affects EFRs and compromises temporal envelope encoding. Lastly, OHC damage was also seen to affect the DBEFR magnitude, hence this marker should be combined with a sensitive marker of OHC-damage to offer a differential diagnosis of synaptopathy in listeners with impaired audiograms.
Identification of a fatty acid-sensitive interaction between mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 and enoyl-CoA hydratase 1 in skeletal muscle
Authors: Dao Christine K. , Kenaston Alexander , Hirasaka Katsuya , Kohno Shohei , Riley Christopher , Fang Gloria , Fathe Kristin , Solmonson Ashley , Nowinski Sara M. , Pfeiffer Matthew E. , Yang Xianmei , Nikawa Takeshi , Mills Edward M. 
Published: November 2019

SummarySkeletal muscle mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) overload in response to chronic overnutrition is a prominent pathophysiological mechanism in obesity-induced metabolic disease. Increased disposal of FAs is therefore an attractive strategy for intervening in obesity and related disorders. Skeletal muscle uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) activity is associated with increased FA oxidation and antagonizes weight gain in mice on obesogenic diets, but the mechanisms involved are not clear. Here, we show that UCP3 forms a direct, FA-stimulated, mitochondrial matrix-localized complex with the auxiliary unsaturated FA-metabolizing enzyme, Δ3,5-Δ2,4dienoyl-CoA-isomerase (ECH1). Expression studies in C2C12 myoblasts that functionally augments state 4 (uncoupled) respiration and FA oxidation in skeletal myocytes.Mechanistic studies indicate that ECH1:UCP3 complex formation is likely stimulated by FA import into the mitochondria to enhance uncoupled respiration and unsaturated FA oxidation in mouse skeletal myocytes. In order to characterize the contribution of ECH1-dependent FA metabolism in NST, we generated an ECH1 knockout mouse and found that these mice were severely cold intolerant, despite an up-regulation of UCP3 expression in SKM. These findings illuminate a novel mechanism that links unsaturated FA metabolism with mitochondrial uncoupling and non-shivering thermogenesis in SKM.
Crowdsourcing neuroscience: inter-brain coupling during face-to-face interactions outside the laboratory
Authors: Dikker Suzanne , Michalareas Georgios , Oostrik Matthias , Serafimaki Amalia , Kahraman Hasibe Melda , Struiksma Marijn E. , Poeppel David 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTWhen we feel connected or engaged during social behavior, are our brains in fact “in sync” in a formal, quantifiable sense? Most studies addressing this question use highly controlled tasks with homogenous subject pools. In an effort to take a more naturalistic approach, we collaborated with art institutions to crowd-source neuroscience data: Over the course of 5 years, we collected electroencephalogram (EEG) data from thousands of museum and festival visitors who volunteered to engage in a 10-minute face-to-face interaction. Pairs of participants with various levels of familiarity sat inside the Mutual Wave Machine—an art/science neurofeedback installation that uses Brain-Computer Interface technology (BCI) to translate real-time correlations of each pair’s EEG activity into light patterns. Because such inter-participant EEG correlations are prone to noise contamination, in subsequent offline analyses we computed inter-brain synchrony using Imaginary Coherence and Projected Power Correlations, two synchrony metrics that are largely immune to instantaneous, noise-driven correlations. When applying these methods to two subsets of recorded data with the most consistent protocols, we found that pairs’ trait empathy, social closeness, engagement, and social behavior (joint action and eye contact) consistently predicted the extent to which their brain activity became synchronized, most prominently in low alpha (∼7-10 Hz) and beta (∼20-22 Hz) oscillations. These findings support an account where shared engagement and joint action drive coupled neural activity and behavior during dynamic, naturalistic social interactions. To our knowledge, this work constitutes a first demonstration that an interdisciplinary, real-world, crowdsourcing neuroscience approach may provide a promising method to collect large, rich datasets pertaining to real-life face-to-face interactions. Additionally, it is a demonstration of how the general public can participate and engage in the scientific process outside of the laboratory. Institutions such as museums, galleries, or any other organization where the public actively engages out of self-motivation, can help facilitate this type of citizen science research, and support the collection of large datasets under scientifically controlled experimental conditions. To further enhance the public interest for the out-of-the-lab experimental approach, the data and results of this study are disseminated through a website tailored to the general public (wp.nyu.edu/mutualwavemachine).
Timing the origin of eukaryotic cellular complexity with ancient duplications
Authors: Vosseberg Julian , van Hooff Jolien J. E. , Marcet-Houben Marina , van Vlimmeren Anne , van Wijk Leny M. , Gabaldón Toni , Snel Berend 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEukaryogenesis is one of the most enigmatic evolutionary transitions, during which simple prokaryotic cells gave rise to complex eukaryotic cells. While evolutionary intermediates are lacking, gene duplications allow us to elucidate the order of events by which eukaryotes originated. Here we use a phylogenomics approach to reconstruct successive steps during eukaryogenesis. We found that gene duplications roughly doubled the proto-eukaryotic genome, with families inherited from the Asgard archaea-related host being duplicated most. By relatively timing events using phylogenetic distances we inferred that duplications in cytoskeletal and membrane trafficking families were among the earliest events, whereas most other families expanded primarily after mitochondrial endosymbiosis. Altogether, we demonstrate that the host that engulfed the proto-mitochondrion had some eukaryote-like complexity, which further increased drastically upon mitochondrial acquisition. This scenario bridges the signs of complexity observed in Asgard archaeal genomes to the proposed role of mitochondria in triggering eukaryogenesis.