bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How management teams foster the transactive memory system–entrepreneurial orientation link: A domino effect model of positive team processes
Authors: Kollmann Tobias , Hensellek Simon , Stöckmann Christoph , Kensbock Julia M. , Peschl Anika 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResearch SummarySpecialized knowledge can be a facilitator of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), but little is known about how management teams transform their knowledge resources into entrepreneurial activity. Complementing the knowledge‐based view with social interdependence theory, we suggest that team processes mediate the impact of teams' transactive memory system (TMS) on EO. Our empirical analysis of data from interdisciplinary management teams shows that a strong TMS serves as a starting point to initiate a beneficial “domino effect” of positive team interaction patterns (enhanced team learning and participative decision‐making) and positive team psychological processes (enhanced team identification), which, in turn, foster the development of EO. We thereby contribute new insights to the largely unresolved questions about the “where” and “why” of EO genesis within organizations.Managerial SummaryEnhancing entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is of major importance for established firms to stay competitive in the market. This study sheds light on the question how EO emerges within management teams of a firm's decentralized units and specifically gives insights about how team design and team processes can foster the EO of these units. We find that teams with specialized experts who share a common meta‐knowledge about who knows what in their team (i.e., teams with a strong transactive memory system) engage in more team learning and participative decision‐making and identify themselves more strongly with their team, which consequently spurs unit EO. Our results highlight that well‐designed and well‐functioning management teams below the executive level can play an important role in fostering entrepreneurship in multiunit organizations.
How does yoga reduce stress? A clinical trial testing psychological mechanisms
Authors: Park Crystal L. , Finkelstein‐Fox Lucy , Sacco Shane J. , Braun Tosca D. , Lazar Sara 
Published: August 2020

AbstractYoga interventions can reduce stress, but the mechanisms underlying that stress reduction remain largely unidentified. Understanding how yoga works is essential to optimizing interventions. The present study tested five potential psychosocial mechanisms (increased mindfulness, interoceptive awareness, spiritual well‐being, self‐compassion and self‐control) that have been proposed to explain yoga's impact on stress. Forty‐two participants (62% female; 64% White) in a yoga program for stress reduction completed surveys at baseline (T1), mid‐intervention (T2) and post‐intervention (12 weeks; T3). We measured two aspects of stress, perceived stress and stress reactivity. Changes were assessed with paired t‐tests; associations between changes in mechanisms were tested in residual change models. Only stress reactivity decreased, on average, from T1 to T3. Except for self‐compassion, all psychosocial mechanisms increased from T1 to T3, with minimal changes from T2 to T3. Except for self‐control, increases in each mechanism were strongly associated with decreases in both measures of stress between T1 and T2 and decreases in perceived stress from T1 to T3 (all p's < 0.05). Increased psychosocial resources are associated with stress reduction. Yoga interventions targeting these resources may show stronger stress reduction effects. Future research should test these linkages more rigorously using active comparison groups and larger samples.
Facile Synthesis of Ant‐Nest‐Like Porous Duplex Copper as Deeply Cycling Host for Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Lin Kui , Li Tong , Chiang Sum‐Wai , Liu Ming , Qin Xianying , Xu Xiaofu , Zhang Lihan , Kang Feiyu , Chen Guohua , Li Baohua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSuppressing the dendrite formation and managing the volume change of lithium (Li) metal anode have been global challenges in the lithium batteries community. Herein, a duplex copper (Cu) foil with an ant‐nest‐like network and a dense substrate is reported for an ultrastable Li metal anode. The duplex Cu is fabricated by sulfurization of thick Cu foil with a subsequent skeleton self‐welding procedure. Uniform Li deposition is achieved by the 3D interconnected architecture and lithiophilic surface of self‐welded Cu skeleton. The sufficient space in the porous layer enables a large areal capacity for Li and significantly improves the electrode–electrolyte interface. Simulations reveal that the structure allows proper electric field penetration into the connected tunnels. The assembled Li anodes exhibit high coulombic efficiency (97.3% over 300 cycles) and long lifespan (>880 h) at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 with a capacity of 1 mAh cm−2. Stable and deep cycling can be maintained up to 50 times at a high capacity of 10 mAh cm−2.
Nanomanufacturing of RGO‐CNT Hybrid Film for Flexible Aqueous Al‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Siliang , Wang Panpan , Liu Chang , Deng Yida , Dou Shuming , Liu Yingjun , Xu Jie , Wang Yilin , Liu Weidi , Hu Wenbin , Huang Yan , Chen Yanan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA highly electrically conductive film‐type current collector is an essential part of batteries. Apart from the metal‐based current collectors, lightweight and highly conductive carbon materials such as reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show great potential as current collectors. However, traditional RGO manufacturing usually requires a long time and high energy, which decreases the product yielding rate and manufacturing efficiency. Moreover, the performance of the manufactured RGO needs to be further improved. In this work, CNT and GO are evenly mixed into GO‐CNT, which can be directly reduced into RGO‐CNT by Joule heating at 2936 K within less than 1 min. The fabricated RGO‐CNT achieves a high electrical conductivity of 2750 S cm−1, and realizes a 106‐fold increase. The assembled flexible aqueous Al‐ion battery with RGO‐CNT as the current collector exhibits impressive electrochemical performance in terms of superior cycling stability and exceptional rate capability, and excellent mechanical ability regarding the tolerance to mechanical damage such as bending, folding, piercing, and cutting without detrimental consequences.
Effect of false set related anomalies on rheological properties of cement paste mixtures in the presence of high range water reducing admixture
Authors: Mardani‐Aghabaglou Ali , Felekoğlu Burak , Ramyar Kambiz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere are many studies related to the fresh state properties of the cementitious systems in the literature. However, there is no specific study about the effects of false set formation on fresh state properties of these systems. In this study, the effect of false set formation on fresh state and rheological properties of the cement paste mixtures containing high range water reducing (HRWR) admixture was investigated experimentally. For this aim, two different commercial CEMI 42.5 R. type cements produced by different companies were used. In order to investigate the effect of false set formation related anomalies on fresh state properties, paste mixtures were prepared with different mixing times. In the mixtures where false set related anomaly was the case, rheological properties were positively affected by prolonging the mixing time.
Antiosteoarthritic effect of Punica granatum L. peel extract on collagenase induced osteoarthritis rat by modulation of COL‐2, MMP‐3, and COX‐2 expression
Authors: Shivnath Neelam , Rawat Vineeta , Siddiqui Sahabjada , Verma Sushma , Gupta Pragya , Rais Juhi , Khan Mohd Sajid , Arshad Md 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative and musculoskeletal disorder. The toxicity associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) limits its use in the management of OA. To ameliorate these toxicities, natural antioxidants can be used as substitutes for the management of OA. Therefore, this study is aimed to investigate the prophylactic mechanisms of Punica granatum L. peel (PGP) in collagenase‐induced OA rat compared with indomethacin. OA was induced in female Sprague Dawley rats by intraarticular injection of collagenase type‐II and treated with PGP (250 and 500 mg/kg body wt) and a positive control (PC) indomethacin (3 mg/kg body wt). The results demonstrated that PGP reduced the collagenase induced OA as compared with indomethacin treated group through reducing blood ALP (P < .001) and significantly (P < .001) inhibited cartilage erosion as indicated in histological slides with retention of collagen and proteoglycan content. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis revealed the considerable (P < .05) upregulation in the expression of COL‐2 gene and downregulation of MMP‐3 and COX‐2 genes in the PGP treated group. The high phenolic content (633 ± 1.16 mg/GAE) and flavonoid content (420.3 ± 2.14 mg/RE) contribute to the strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value (320 ± 2.2 μg/mL) of DPPH free radical scavenging activity. These results need further validation in clinical studies and thus, PGP could be developed as a preventive drug treatment for OA.
Cardioprotective role of phyllanthin against myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation with increased adenosine triphosphate levels in the mice model
Authors: Zhao Cong , Yang Yufei , An Yi , Yang Bin , Li Peifeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIschemic heart disease is an imperative cause of high morbidity and mortality globally. The cardiac ischemia/reperfusion damage occur in both reperfusion and ischemia.ObjectiveIn this exploration, we have planned to examine the cardio‐protective action of phyllanthin against the myocardial ischemic‐reperfusion injury in mice.Materials and methodsThe myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury (MI‐RI) stimulated via coronary artery occlusion, followed by the 10 mg/kg of phyllanthin treatment. The serum cardiac markers and pro‐inflammatory markers level was investigated by using the assay kits. The expressions of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers level were investigated by immunohistochemical analysis. Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, and ATPase levels level was examined by standard methods. The expression of oxidative stress markers were inspected by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique. The heart histology was investigated microscopically.ResultsThe phyllanthin treatment increased the body weight, and heart weight also diminished the infarct size in the MI/RI mice. Cardiac markers status was diminished and the blood pressure markers were augmented by the phyllanthin. Histological analysis revealed the protective role of phyllanthin. Suppressed lipid peroxidation and enhanced antioxidant enzymes were noted in the phyllanthin treated mice MI‐RI mice. Phyllanthin appreciably suppressed the pro‐inflammatory regulators that is, NF‐αB p65, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α and enhanced the antioxidant marker expressions. ATPase levels were improved by the phyllanthin in the MI‐RI mice.ConclusionThese novel findings were confirmed the therapeutic role of phyllanthin against the MI‐RI in mice. Hence, it can be a promising agent to treat the MI‐RI induced cardiac dysfunction.
Protein expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2, a SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific receptor, in fetal and placental tissues throughout gestation: new insight for perinatal counseling
Authors: Faure‐Bardon V. , Isnard P. , Roux N. , Leruez‐Ville M. , Molina T. , Bessieres B. , Ville Y. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivePregnant women can be infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), yet the incidence of perinatal infection is low. We hypothesized that this could be related to low expression of the membrane receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2, angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), in the fetoplacental unit. We evaluated protein expression of ACE2 at various gestational ages in both placentae and fetal organs from pregnancies not infected with SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsIn May 2020, using samples from a registered biobank, we performed immunohistochemical analysis for ACE2 in tissue samples from fetal organs and placentae from five cases of second‐ or third‐trimester medical termination of pregnancy in healthy women (performed between 15 and 38 weeks' gestation), as well as a further two placentae, one from a 7‐week spontaneous miscarriage in a non‐infected woman and one from a symptomatic pregnant woman positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 delivered by Cesarean section at 34 weeks. Samples were paraffin‐embedded and organ tissues included kidney, brain, lung, intestinal tract, heart and testis. Matching tissues (kidney, intestinal tract, lung and testis) from autopsies of four 8‐year‐old children were tested as controls. Tissue sections were incubated with rabbit monoclonal anti‐ACE2, and protein expression of ACE2 was detected by immunohistochemistry.ResultsACE2 expression was detected in fetal kidney, rectum and ileum samples from 15 weeks onwards and in the pediatric controls. It was barely detectable in fetal lung samples at 15 + 5 weeks' gestation and not detectable thereafter, and, in the pediatric controls, ACE2 was detectable only in type‐2 pneumocytes. No ACE2 expression was found in the cerebral ependymal or parenchymal tissues or in cardiac tissues. ACE2 was expressed in placental syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast samples, but not in the amnion, from 7 weeks onwards. The intensity and distribution of ACE2 staining in the placenta from the symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 woman was similar to that in the non‐infected placentae.ConclusionsMarked placental expression of ACE2 provides a rationale for vertical transmission at the cellular level. Absence of ACE2 expression in the fetal brain and heart is reassuring regarding the risk of congenital malformation. Clinical follow‐up of infected pregnant women and their children is needed to validate these observations. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Controversies in the management of twin pregnancy
Authors: Khalil A. , Liu B. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTDespite many advances in antenatal care, twin pregnancies still experience more adverse outcomes, in particular perinatal morbidity and mortality. They also pose a multitude of challenges and controversies, as outlined in this Review. Moreover, they are less likely to be included in clinical trials. Many issues on classification and management remain under debate. Efforts at standardizing diagnostic criteria, monitoring protocols, management and outcome reporting are likely to reduce their perinatal risks. The top 10 most important research uncertainties related to multiple pregnancies have been identified by both clinicians and patients. More robust research in the form of randomized trials and large well‐conducted prospective cohort studies is needed to address these controversies. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
What to do when invaders are out of control?
Authors: Dunham Jason B. , Arismendi Ivan , Murphy Christina , Koeberle Alex , Olivos J. Andres , Pearson James , Pickens Francisco , Roon David , Stevenson John 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBiological invasions threaten species and ecosystems worldwide. Impacts from invasions are especially prevalent in freshwaters, where managers have struggled to contain the problem. Conventional approaches to managing invaders focus on prevention and control. In practice, these measures have proven to be variably effective. Control or eradication of established invaders is particularly difficult and, even if ecologically feasible, it may not be socially desirable. Here we propose a new alternative to managing invasive species: managing impact modifiers (MIM). The MIM approach focuses on managing impacts, rather than controlling the invader directly. We reviewed the literature for the world's worst invasive fishes in freshwaters to show there is strong evidence to support the potential for MIM as an effective means of managing impacts of invasions. This included evidence pointing to characteristics of the environment or species themselves that modify impacts of invasions. Detail of three case studies reinforces the potential for MIM as a viable option. Although MIM appears promising, effective application could involve significant investment in an information gathering phase to identify impact modifiers and the means to manage them. Accordingly, MIM is best incorporated into management plans that include a strong learning or adaptive component. Ultimately, MIM may be one of the only viable alternatives for managing invasive species that are truly out of control.This article is categorized under:
Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
A Decision Support Tool to Guide the Use of Nest Exclosures for Piping Plover Conservation
Authors: Darrah Abigail J. , Cohen Jonathan B. , Castelli Paul M. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTWire cages (exclosures) that exclude nest predators are regularly used for management of federally threatened and endangered populations of piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) and similar species. However, recent evidence that apparent nest abandonment related to exclosure use is indicative of adult mortality has led to concern about the technique. We developed a decision support tool named PiperEx that uses site‐specific nest‐fate data to inform a stochastic population projection model to predict population growth rate at the site level with and without exclosure use. Underlying PiperEx is a Bayesian logistic‐exposure multinomial nest fate model, with informative priors based on analysis of 1,312 piping plover nests monitored throughout the U.S. Atlantic Coast in 2015 and 2016. We used simulated nest fate data sets and real nest data from 3 management areas from 2013 to 2018 to test tool performance. Based on simulations, the probability of making the correct decision increased with sample size, exceeding 80% with 20 nests. Decisions recommended by the tool were robust to variation in demographic parameters. Using real data, the decision for a given year only matched the decision for the immediately previous year 16% to 67% of the time, whereas data pooled across years predicted the best decision for a particular year up to 100% of the time for a given area. We used a case study of Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge to demonstrate that the optimal decision is sensitive to how a site was defined. We recommend that data for PiperEx be collected on an annual basis, and data for the previous 5 or 6 years be pooled for making a decision at the start of the season. Further development of the tool should focus on its use to make regional recommendations, and use of multiple years of data to improve the capability of the tool to make robust site‐specific recommendations. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
An Efficient Index for Reachability Queries in Public Transport Networks
Authors: Tesfaye Bezaye , Augsten Nikolaus , Pawlik Mateusz , Böhlen Michael H. , Jensen Christian S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractComputing path queries such as the shortest path in public transport networks is challenging because the path costs between nodes change over time. A reachability query from a node at a given start time on such a network retrieves all points of interest (POIs) that are reachable within a given cost budget. Reachability queries are essential building blocks in many applications, for example, group recommendations, ranking spatial queries, or geomarketing. We propose an efficient solution for reachability queries in public transport networks. Currently, there are two options to solve reachability queries. (1) Execute a modified version of Dijkstra’s algorithm that supports time-dependent edge traversal costs; this solution is slow since it must expand edge by edge and does not use an index. (2) Issue a separate path query for each single POI, i.e., a single reachability query requires answering many path queries. None of these solutions scales to large networks with many POIs. We propose a novel and lightweight reachability index. The key idea is to partition the network into cells. Then, in contrast to other approaches, we expand the network cell by cell. Empirical evaluations on synthetic and real-world networks confirm the efficiency and the effectiveness of our index-based reachability query solution.
Extracellular vesicles and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: from misfolded protein vehicles to promising clinical biomarkers
Authors: Gagliardi Delia , Bresolin Nereo , Comi Giacomo Pietro , Corti Stefania 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are small reservoirs of different molecules and important mediators of cell-to-cell communication. As putative vehicles of misfolded protein propagation between cells, they have drawn substantial attention in the field of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, exosome-mediated non-coding RNA delivery may play a crucial role in ALS, given the relevance of RNA homeostasis in disease pathogenesis. Since EVs can enter the systemic circulation and are easily detectable in patients’ biological fluids, they have generated broad interest both as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and as valuable tools in understanding disease pathogenesis. Here, after a brief introduction on biogenesis and functions of EVs, we aim to investigate their role in neurodegenerative disorders, especially ALS. Specifically, we focus on the main findings supporting EV-mediated protein and RNA transmission in ALS in vitro and in vivo models. Then, we provide an overview of clinical applications of EVs, summarizing the most relevant studies able to detect EVs in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of ALS patients, underlying their potential use in aiding diagnosis and prognosis. Finally, we explore the therapeutic applications of EVs in ALS, either as targets or as vehicles of proteins, nucleic acids and molecular drugs.