bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network interventions for managing the COVID-19 pandemic and sustaining economy
Authors: Nishi Akihiro , Dewey George , Endo Akira , Neman Sophia , Iwamoto Sage K. , Ni Michael Y. , Tsugawa Yusuke , Iosifidis Georgios , Smith Justin D. , Young Sean D. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
It has been challenging to identify nonpharmaceutical intervention strategies that reconcile two conflicting aims: Reducing the spread of infections while maintaining economic activities amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Commonly implemented strategies such as lockdowns or stay-at-home orders involve a significant restriction of economic activities. Using agent-based simulations, we show that two network intervention strategies that divide or balance social groups can substantially reduce transmission while sustaining economic activities. When the two strategies are jointly implemented without any additional measures, they can keep the effective reproduction number of COVID-19 around 1.0 in most cases.
Evidence of ultrafast dissociation in the CHCl3 molecule
Authors: Santos A C F , Vasconcelos D N , MacDonald M A , Sant’Anna M M , Tenório B N C , Rocha A B , Morcelle V , Bonfim V S , Appathurai N , Zuin L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the present work, we use tunable synchrotron radiation to investigate experimentally and theoretically the dissociation of a chlorinated methane, the CHCl3 molecule, by exciting a chlorine 2p core electron into the LUMO and LUMO + 1 orbitals. The Auger electron energy distribution measured at the Cl 2p3/2 → 10a1 resonance shows narrow lines which energies correspond to the Cl* → Cl+ atomic decay, a clear evidence that the Auger decay takes place after consummation of the dissociation, when the moieties were already far away from each other. Our experimental data are endorsed theoretically by a series of high-level ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. The excited states are calculated to be strongly repulsive in the Franck–Condon region (−dE/dy ∼ 0.15 a.u.) along the C–Cl bond direction.
2D analogue of band-bending in metal–semiconductor junctions: interior to edge-states of single-layered transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Banerjee Arnab , Bhunia Hrishikesh , Pal Amlan J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Band-edges and the bandgap of liquid-exfoliated tungsten disulfide and tungsten diselenide (WS2 and WSe2) were measured via scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). We have observed that the edges of the dichalcogenides were metallic and the interiors were semiconducting in nature. An explicit band-bending between the semiconducting interior and the metallic edge could be observed in both the 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). The Fermi energy pinning in the 2D materials is like conventional band-bending in metal–semiconductor junctions at the 3D scale. We have further have inferred that in order to determine the bandgap of a 2D TMD, localized STS measurements should be carried out away from the edge; in this work, we have determined that the required distance should be more than the width of the depletion region, which we measured as 3.5 and 2.0 nm for WS2 and WSe2, respectively.
Hyperbolicity of asymmetric lemon billiards
*
Authors: Jin Xin , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Asymmetric lemon billiards was introduced in Chen et al (2013 Chaos
23 043137), where the billiard table Q(r, b, R) is the intersection of two round disks with radii r ⩽ R, respectively, and b measures the distance between the two centres. It is conjectured Bunimovich et al (2016 Commun. Math. Phys.
341 781–803) that the asymmetric lemon billiards is hyperbolic when the arc Γ
r
is a major arc and R is large. In this paper we prove this conjecture for sufficiently large R.
Parametric analysis of slotted RC wall for seismic resilient structure
Authors: Liu Jixin , Li Wei , Deng Kailai , Pan Peng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Slotted reinforced concrete (RC) wall exhibited satisfactory seismic damage reduction performance and rapid rehabilitation. However, the optimal design of the slotted RC wall, i.e. the section division and strength and stiffness of shear links have not been derived. A numerical model is developed in ABAQUS, which was verified with the physical test results. Based on the calibrated model, the parametric analysis was carried out to investigate the influence of the section division and the strength of the shear links. The analytical results indicated a non-uniform section division, which is helpful in reducing the peak compressive strain. The height-width ratio of the side component is the critical issue for enhancing the deformability. A novel concept of strength ratio was proposed to the contribution from shear links in the load-carrying. Orientating maximizing the energy-dissipation ratio of the shear links, the optimal strength ratio of the shear links is derived.
Quantum speed-up in global optimization of binary neural nets
Authors: Liao Yidong , Ebler Daniel , Liu Feiyang , Dahlsten Oscar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The performance of a neural network (NN) for a given task is largely determined by the initial calibration of the network parameters. Yet, it has been shown that the calibration, also referred to as training, is generally NP-complete. This includes networks with binary weights, an important class of networks due to their practical hardware implementations. We therefore suggest an alternative approach to training binary NNs. It utilizes a quantum superposition of weight configurations. We show that the quantum training guarantees with high probability convergence towards the globally optimal set of network parameters. This resolves two prominent issues of classical training: (1) the vanishing gradient problem and (2) common convergence to sub-optimal network parameters. We prove that a solution is found after approximately

4

n

2

log

n

δ

N

˜

calls to a comparing oracle, where δ represents a precision, n is the number of training inputs and

N

˜

is the number of weight configurations. We give the explicit algorithm and implement it in numerical simulations.
Lump and new interaction solutions to the (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation
Authors: Issasfa Asma , Lin Ji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a new (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation is introduced, through the generalized bilinear operators based on prime numberp = 3. By Maple symbolic calculation, one-, two-lump, and breather-type periodic soliton solutions are obtained, where the condition of positiveness and analyticity of the lump solution are considered. The interaction solutions between the lump and multi-kink soliton, and the interaction between the lump and breather-type periodic soliton are derived, by combining multi-exponential function or trigonometric sine and cosine functions with a quadratic one. In addition, new interaction solutions between a lump, periodic-solitary waves, and one-, two- or even three-kink solitons are constructed by using the ansatz technique. Finally, the characteristics of these various solutions are exhibited and illustrated graphically.
Towards optimizing electrode configurations for silent speech recognition based on high-density surface electromyography
Authors: Zhu Mingxing , Zhang Haoshi , Wang Xiaochen , Wang Xin , Yang Zijian , Wang Cheng , Samuel Oluwarotimi Williams , Chen Shixiong , Li Guanglin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective. Silent speech recognition (SSR) based on surface electromyography (sEMG) is an attractive non-acoustic modality of human-machine interfaces that convert the neuromuscular electrophysiological signals into computer-readable textual messages. The speaking process involves complex neuromuscular activities spanning a large area over the facial and neck muscles, thus the locations of the sEMG electrodes considerably affected the performance of the SSR system. However, most of the previous studies used only a quite limited number of electrodes that were placed empirically without prior quantitative analysis, resulting in uncertainty and unreliability of the SSR outcomes. Approach. In this study, the technique of high-density sEMG was proposed to provide a full representation of the articulatory muscle activities so that the optimal electrode configuration for SSR could be systemically explored. A total of 120 closely spaced electrodes were placed on the facial and neck muscles to collect the high-density sEMG signals for classifying ten digits (0–9) silently spoken in both English and Chinese. The sequential forward selection algorithm was adopted to explore the optimal electrodes configurations. Main Results. The results showed that the classification accuracy increased rapidly and became saturated quickly when the number of selected electrodes increased from 1 to 120. Using only ten optimal electrodes could achieve a classification accuracy of 86% for English and 94% for Chinese, whereas as many as 40 non-optimized electrodes were required to obtain comparable accuracies. Also, the optimally selected electrodes seemed to be mostly distributed on the neck instead of the facial region, and more electrodes were required for English recognition to achieve the same accuracy. Significance. The findings of this study can provide useful guidelines about electrode placement for developing a clinically feasible SSR system and implementing a promising approach of human-machine interface, especially for patients with speaking difficulties.
Pairwise coexistence of effects versus coexistence
Authors: Stulpe Werner 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The concept of coexistence of quantum mechanical effects is reviewed. We distinguish between coexistence and pairwise coexistence and give an example showing the non-equivalence the two concepts. A theorem on some closures of sets of pairwise coexistent effects is proved. Some proofs of the well-known fact that any set of pairwise coexistent (mutually compatible) sharp effects is coexistent are considered. In particular, a proof is presented that is based on the statement that every countably complete Boolean lattice of sharp effects is closed in some topology.
Notes on Naimark’s dilation theorem
Authors: Beneduci Roberto 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
After a short review of the main properties of unsharp observables we provide examples of commutative unsharp observables obtained as the projection of sharp observables. In particular, we consider a family of PVMs defined on the tensor product Hilbert space

H
⊗
K

which include the one introduced by Ozawa in his modification of the von Neumann position measurement model and show that their projections onto

H

are commutative POVMs. Then, we make some observations on the concept of Naimark dilation and its connections with the integral representation of commutative POVMs. Finally, we introduce a partial order relation in the set of Naimark dilations, show that there is a minimal element and that it is unique. Minimality is a consequence of the partial ordered structure and coincides with the usual definition of minimal Naimark dilation. In passing, we use Naimark’s theorem in order to prove some well known properties of positive operator valued measures.
What is unsharp quantum reality? A conceptual analysis
Authors: Falkenburg Brigitte 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In their paper Unsharp Quantum Reality, Paul Busch and Gregg Jaeger explain the conception of unsharp reality in terms of Positive Operator Valued (POV) measures, potentiality, and single-case probabilities. The present paper discusses their conception from a philosophical point of view, focusing on the ontological interpretation of POV measures employed in it and on its relation to Peter Mittelstaedt’s work on the semantics and ontology of quantum mechanics. Busch and Jaeger extend Mittelstaedt’s approach by adding a realistic interpretation of unsharp quantum properties to it. Their account of unsharp quantum reality generalizes Heisenberg’s potentiality interpretation of quantum states. In order to explain the transition from potential to actual quantum properties, they suggest a Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber (GRW) collapse theory. Their approach comes close to recent work on quantum propensities. However, the question remains what unsharp quantum reality means when no measurement takes place, as for example claimed in the quark model of the subatomic constitution of matter.
Two entanglement measures
Authors: Gudder Stan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In a previous work we introduced an entanglement number e(ψ) for a vector state ψ. This number relied on the Schmidt decomposition of ψ which may be difficult to compute. We now present a method for finding e(ψ) that is simple and efficient. We show that e(ψ) is continuous in the vector norm. We next extend e(ψ) to an entanglement number e(ρ) for a general mixed state ρ and show that ρ is separable (not entangled) if and only if e(ρ) = 0. We next define a related quantity es
(ρ) ≥ e(ρ) which we call the spectral entanglement number. We argue that es
(ρ) is easier to compute than e(ρ) and that the physical motivation for es
(ρ) is superior to that of e(ρ). It is shown that es
(ρ) is continuous in the operator norm. Although e(ρ) is a convex function, we show that es
(ρ) need not be convex. An open problem is to characterize the states ρ such that e(ρ) = es
(ρ). Many illustrative examples are presented.
Titanium reinforced calcium phosphate improves bone formation and osteointegration in ovine calvaria defects: a comparative 52 weeks study
Authors: Gallinetti Sara , Linder Lars Kihlström Burenstam , Åberg Jonas , Illies Christopher , Engqvist Håkan , Birgersson Ulrik 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In a 52 week ovine calvaria implantation model, the restoration of cranial defects with a bare titanium mesh (Ti-mesh) and a titanium mesh embedded in a calcium phosphate (CaP-Ti) were evaluated in seven animals. During the study, no major clinical abnormalities were observed, and all sheep presented a normal neurologic assessment. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, made at termination, did not show any abnormalities. No indentation of the soft tissue was observed for either test article; however, the Ti-mesh burr-hole covers were associated with filling of the calvarial defect by fibrous tissue mainly. Some bone formation was observed at the bottom of the created defect, but no significant bone was formed in the proximity of the implant. The defect sites implanted with CaP-Ti were characterized by a moderate degradation of the calcium phosphate (CaP) that was replaced by mature bone tissue. Calcium-phosphate-filled macrophages were observed in all animals, indicating that they might play a vital role in osteogenesis. The newly formed bone was present, especially at the bony edges of the defect and on the dura side. Integration of the Ti-mesh in a CaP improved bone formation and osteointegration in comparison to a bare Ti-mesh.
Country-scale trends in air pollution and fossil fuel CO2 emissions during 2001–2018: confronting the roles of national policies and economic growth
Authors: Lei Ruixue , Feng Sha , Lauvaux Thomas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Fossil fuel (FF) burning, the main energy source of the modern world’s economy, remains the major source of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) and pollutants in the atmosphere. Based on 18 years (2001–2018) of aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite, FFCO2 emissions from the Open-Data Inventory for Anthropogenic Carbon dioxide, and gross domestic product (GDP) data from the World Bank, we found that air quality, FF consumption, and economy are strongly bonded at the continental scale but decoupled at the national level under favorable policies. The comparison of AOD vs PM2.5 and NO2 over urbanized areas shows that the pollutants leading to the AOD load can vary significantly by country. A strong connection between GDP and FFCO2 emissions indicates that economic growth deeply replies on FF consumption in most countries. Meanwhile, air pollution is more associated with the growing trend than the level of development of a country. With more mature technologies and renewable energy, economies can keep growing without compromising their environment and population health.
Spatial patterns of arctic tundra vegetation properties on different soils along the Eurasia Arctic Transect, and insights for a changing Arctic
Authors: Epstein Howard E , Walker Donald A , Frost Gerald V , Raynolds Martha K , Bhatt Uma , Daanen Ronald , Forbes Bruce , Geml Jozsef , Kaärlejarvi Elina , Khitun Olga , Khomutov Artem , Kuss Patrick , Leibman Marina , Matyshak Georgy , Moskalenko Nataliya , Orekhov Pavel , Romanovsky Vladimir E , Timling Ina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Vegetation properties of arctic tundra vary dramatically across its full latitudinal extent, yet few studies have quantified tundra ecosystem properties across latitudinal gradients with field-based observations that can be related to remotely sensed proxies. Here we present data from field sampling of six locations along the Eurasia Arctic Transect in northwestern Siberia. We collected data on the aboveground vegetation biomass, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the leaf area index (LAI) for both sandy and loamy soil types, and analyzed their spatial patterns. Aboveground biomass, NDVI, and LAI all increased with increasing summer warmth index (SWI—sum of monthly mean temperatures > 0 °C), although functions differed, as did sandy vs. loamy sites. Shrub biomass increased non-linearly with SWI, although shrub type biomass diverged with soil texture in the southernmost locations, with greater evergreen shrub biomass on sandy sites, and greater deciduous shrub biomass on loamy sites. Moss biomass peaked in the center of the gradient, whereas lichen biomass generally increased with SWI. Total aboveground biomass varied by two orders of magnitude, and shrubs increased from 0 g m−2 at the northernmost sites to >500 g m−2 at the forest-tundra ecotone. Current observations and estimates of increases in total aboveground and shrub biomass with climate warming in the Arctic fall short of what would represent a ‘subzonal shift’ based on our spatial data. Non-vascular (moss and lichen) biomass is a dominant component (>90% of the photosynthetic biomass) of the vegetation across the full extent of arctic tundra, and should continue to be recognized as crucial for Earth system modeling. This study is one of only a few that present data on tundra vegetation across the temperature extent of the biome, providing (a) key links to satellite-based vegetation indices, (b) baseline field-data for ecosystem change studies, and (c) context for the ongoing changes in arctic tundra vegetation.
Multi-objective cost optimization for geological risk oriented rail transit route selection
Authors: Yan Gao , Zhiyi Wu , Junyuan Yu , Quan Yuan , Wenlong Li 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
China’s rail transit has entered a period of rapid development, but related safety and risk management fail to match with high-speed construction. The complex and uncertain underground space leads to frequent risk accidents of urban rail transit. As the primary task of rail transit development, the reasonable route selection can not only avoid a lot of geological risks, but also greatly save the duration and cost. In order to guide the rail transit route selection work scientifically and reasonably, the cost problems related to geological risk factors by constructing the objective function of risk assessment, section construction cost and duration are analyzed in this study. Combining with heuristic algorithms such as ant algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm, an evaluation method of cost optimization of rail transit route selection for the geological risk are put forward. Taking the geological data of a certain section of a proposed rail transit route in Guangzhou as an example, based on this proposed method, the optimal route selection scheme with relatively low risk, short construction duration and low cost is found, which provides theoretical basis and guidance for the route selection and construction of rail transit, and also verifies the rationality of the application of the cost optimization method for the geological risk to multi-objective engineering management.
Rock stress sensitivity in low-permeability gas reservoirs and its impact on productivity
Authors: Xiong Jian , Wang Haiying , Huang Linlin , Zhang Hui , Liu Xiangjun , Yin Guoqing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The relationship between permeability and effective stress could be found using the stress sensitivity test, and the stress sensitivity in the low-permeability gas reservoir was investigated. The productivity model could be deduced and the influences of stress sensitivity on the development of the low-permeability gas reservoirs were also discussed. The results show that the permeability of the core decreases as the effective stress increases and the permeability first quickly declines, then slows. The fitting relationship between permeability and effective stress conforms to the index relationship. The fitting relationship between the stress sensitivity coefficient and permeability accords with the power function relation and the stress sensitivity effect weakens as the original permeability increases. Based on the Darcy flow theory and the original permeability in the reservoir, the productivity model of the well, considering the effect of stress sensitivity, could be presented. The distribution curves of the pressure and permeability in the reservoir are funnel shaped. The pressure and permeability decline quickly as the original permeability or the gas well productivity increases. The stress sensitivity of the permeability in the conglomerate gas reservoir is obvious, indicating that the fluid pressure must be appropriately controlled and the difference in the production pressure should be maintained at a reasonable value during the development process.
A simple approach of calibrating input parallel bond model parameters for DEM simulations of rock behaviour
Authors: Dong Shun , Jia Tong , Fu Fengjiao , Jia Shuaidong , Tang Weiyu , Huang Xin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The mineral bonds between grains of rock are usually simulated by parallel bonds in discrete element method (DEM) simulations. The existence of multiple input parameters makes the calibration process tedious and time-consuming. In this paper, a series of parametric studies are firstly conducted by varying the value of each input parameter independently, based on which their distinct influences on the strength and deformation characteristics of simulated specimens are obtained. One-way and multiple-way analysis of variance are conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of macro strength and deformation parameters to the change of input parallel bond model parameters. The order of influence level of these input parameters on the macro behaviour of simulated specimens is obtained and the input parameters with the dominating influences on the macro mechanical properties are identified. Then, empirical correlations between the macro mechanical properties and their dominating input parameters are established separately. These empirical correlations are taken as the basic components in the regression analysis of multiple variables for each macro mechanical property. The regression equations serve as the first estimation of input parameters for the calibration. The adjustment of input parameters is conducted with reference to the partial differentials of the regression equations considering the difference between the simulation results and the experimental data as the increments/decrements. The effectiveness of the proposed calibration approach is validated by simulating a series of triaxial compression tests on mudstone.