bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Nasoenteral Feeding Tube With Balloon to Facilitate Placement
Authors: Gabriel Sabry , Ackermann Richard , Gabriel Samy , Ackermann Caleb , Swadener-Culpepper Leslie 
Published: February 2020

Background
Enteral feeding is essential for critically ill, head trauma, and burn patients who are unable to swallow.

Objective
To evaluate a new nasoenteral feeding tube with distal tip balloon designed to facilitate post-pyloric migration and avoid misplacement in the trachea.

Methods
A case series was conducted in 50 critically ill patients aged 19 to 89 years receiving mechanical ventilation and requiring enteral nutrition in a teaching hospital. Patients received a soft, flexible, kink-resistant nasoenteral feeding tube with a balloon near the distal tip to enhance postpyloric migration by peristalsis. The feeding tube was inserted with a novel thread technique to reduce posterior nasopharyngeal trauma and tube misplacement. Pulse oximetry provided early detection of misplacement into the trachea. Placement was verified by abdominal radiography performed shortly after the procedure and repeated within 24 hours if needed.

Results
Postpyloric placement was achieved at 30 minutes in 24% of patients and by the following morning in 70% of patients. Tracheal intubation occurred in 1 patient but was recognized and corrected without injury. No tube occlusion from kinking occurred.

Conclusions
Early gastric or postpyloric feeding can be provided with this novel feeding tube. Its use facilitates quick bedside recognition of accidental misplacement in the trachea, reducing the chance of pneumothorax. The tip balloon reduces deeper placement into a lung and promotes distal migration into the small intestine. The design prevents occlusion from kinking, which is common with conventional feeding tubes. Nurses easily adopted the tube and insertion technique.
Protecting Patient Safety and Preventing Modifiable Complications After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Tamburri Linda M. , Hollender Kimberly D. , Orzano Devon 
Published: February 2020

TopicProtecting patient safety and preventing modifiable complications after acute ischemic stroke.Clinical RelevanceStroke is a leading cause of death and disability in adults. Stroke survivors often experience a variety of deficits related to mobility, nutrition, immunity, mood, and cognition. These post-stroke complications and residual effects can adversely affect safety, placing the patient at risk for further injury. In order to develop a plan of care that protects patient safety, critical care and progressive care nurses must understand the unique needs of this patient population.PurposeTo describe selected ischemic stroke–related physiological changes, how these changes contribute to safety risks, and methods of enhancing patient safety.Content CoveredStroke physiology and stroke-specific interventions that can enable nurses to reduce the risk of falls, dysphagia, malnutrition, dehydration, altered glucose metabolism, device-related infections, aspiration pneumonia, delirium, and depression.
Levantamento de insetos aquáticos: auxílio para adoção de práticas sustentáveis em propriedades leiteiras
Authors: Ehlert Bruna , Rempel Claudete , Dalzochio Marina Schmidt 
Published: February 2020

A alta produtividade da pecuária leiteira pode afetar a qualidade da água dos recursos hídricos, por meio da contaminação de nutrientes e de substâncias químicas despejadas diretamente nos seus cursos d’água. A vegetação ciliar que compõe as Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) destes ecossistemas aquáticos também é prejudicada devido a ocupação do gado leiteiro em suas margens. Este artigo se propõe a destacar algumas reflexões teóricas em torno de como os resultados obtidos por meio do levantamento dos insetos aquáticos nos ambientes lóticos inseridos dentro das propriedades leiteiras podem contribuir para os desafios da busca pela sustentabilidade. Para tanto foi realizada uma revisão da literatura do tipo narrativa, para a qual foram selecionados 21 publicações nas bases Periódicos CAPES, Scielo, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Science.com e da Embrapa - Pesquisa Agropecuária, através dos quais emergiram três categorias de análise: a) Mercado leiteiro e a globalização; b) processo de Governança na pecuária leiteira; c) Insetos aquáticos como bioindicadores para atingir a sustentabilidade ambiental. As categorias analisadas neste trabalho ressaltam a importância da produção leiteira para a economia local e global, além da sua relevância social que deve ser fortalecida através do processo de governança. As análises também evidenciaram a necessidade da implantação da sustentabilidade dentro das propriedades leiteiras, a fim de proporcionar uma melhora da qualidade ambiental dos recursos naturais, gerando assim um aperfeiçoamento da qualidade do leite ofertada pelo produtor rural.
Perception of Environmental Effects of Weedicide Use in Oil Palm Production by Farmers in Denkyembour District, Ghana
Authors: M. Swanzy F. K. , K. M. Sosu E. , O. Danso W. 
Published: February 2020

Oil palm farmers ‘weed management practices, awareness and their perception about the effects of weedicides’ use on the environment were studied. Data were collected from the oil palm farmers in the Denkyembour District of the Eastern Region of Ghana. One hundred and Thirty (130) private and independent small scale oil palm farmers were purposively selected from the communities and were interviewed. The purposive sampling technique was preferred for this study to select the farmers who are using herbicides on their farms. Interview schedule was used to obtain data from the farmers. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that a wide variety of weedicides were used by the farmers. A high level of awareness on the risks associated with the use of weedicide was found among the respondents. Most of the respondents (92%) used Glyphosate based weedicides for their weed management activities. However, (60%) of the farmers were not aware that re-entry into a sprayed farm within a short time can expose them to weedicide injuries. Farmers showed favourable attitudes about the risk of weedicide usage. The intensification of extension services to educate farmers on safe use of weedicide in oil palm production is recommended. This study serves as a platform to carry out more survey on weedicide usage across the country.
Why did Medical Graduates Appreciate Mentored Student Project? Perspectives of Two Theories
Authors: Moe Soe , Nu Nu Htay Mila , Htoo Kyaw Soe Htoo , Pal Sudipta , Bin Lutfi Abas Adinegara 
Published: February 2020

Background: Medical doctors have to develop in professionalism in addition to become competent in clinical skills. Therefore, educators in Melaka Manipal Medical College have inculcated personal and professional development (PPD) projects into medical curriculums. The projects were in the form of Role Plays/Narratives/Creative writing and Mentored Student Project (MSP). Short terms outcomes of the projects were evaluated, and the research disclosed the positive effect of all PPDs on medical students. However, the long-term effect was yet to be evaluated. The findings of the previous study have not explained why those PPD projects are successful. While twenty fresh medical graduates were asked to reflect on one best learning experience as a qualitative evaluation of the programme, students’ appreciation of MSP disclosed. This study aimed to explore the students’ reflection to identify the reasons for their appreciation of MSP and the long-term effect of it.
Study Design: Qualitative research.
Methodology: Three reflective writings by fresh graduates were analyzed using the interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach. Students expressed their conscious perceptions about MSP in the form of words in their reflections. The researcher carefully read the reflections and interpret the words and phrases to catch the students’ perception of MSP.
Results: The qualitative analysis revealed the reasons for participating in MSP and their appreciation about MSP. The main reason for students’ participation in MSP was to fulfill the requirement of the medical programme although one student mentioned that she was interested in MSP due to the nature of MSP. Four themes were formulated as reasons for their appreciation of MSP: (1) having an opportunity to choose their research topic, (2) the presence of a mentor to guide each student group, (3) opportunity for the poster presentation on results of MSP and (4) satisfaction with the overall outcome of the MSP.
Conclusion: This study highlights the long-term impacts of MSP on students which matched with the expected learning outcomes set by Ministry of Education Malaysia. The analysis disclosed not only the outcome but also the process of MSP contribute for its success.
The Gain in Antimalarial Vaccine
Authors: Ahmad A. M. Meer 
Published: February 2020

With reference my article ‘How Malaria is Practically Eradicated in Malaysia – A Reminiscence’ (AJRID, Jan 6, 2020), me seem to have left out writing on the present availability, role and impact of vaccines against malaria.
The only approved vaccine RTS,S, known by the trade name Mosquirix is launched in 2019 in a WHO-led implementation program piloting the vaccine, among children aged not more than 2 years, in three high-malaria countries in Africa. The vaccine has a relatively low efficacy at 26 – 50% - thus, the WHO do not recommend the vaccine in infants aged 6 to 12 weeks. It is given in 3 doses between 5 and 9 months of age and the fourth-dose at around 2 years old.
Said the WHO Director-General, ‘The malaria vaccine could save tens of thousands of children’s lives’.
In spite of the low-efficacy, the vaccine is safe and prevents 30% of severe malaria causing death and prevents 60% of cases of severe malaria anaemia, the most common reason children die from malaria.
The pilot-programme aim to reach around 360,000 children annually in the three country, focusing on areas with moderate-to-high malaria-transmission.
The programme is designed to provide evidence and experience toward WHO policy-recommendations on the wider use of the vaccine. The programme aim to monitor reductions in child deaths, vaccine-uptake, including whether parents are compliant.
The author find a need to write on the result of the Phase III Trial of the vaccine to be used, the RTS,S, beside outlining the basic on malaria-vaccine development.
Finally, the remaining vaccine(s) in development are talked on.
Size- and age-dependent increases in tree stem carbon concentration: implications for forest carbon stock estimations
Authors: Ma Su-Hui , Eziz Anwar , Tian Di , Yan Zheng-Bing , Cai Qiong , Jiang Min-Wei , Ji Cheng-Jun , Fang Jing-Yun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Aims
Forest biomass carbon (C) stocks are usually estimated by multiplying biomass by a C conversion factor, i.e. C concentration. Thus, tree C concentration is crucial to the assessments of forest C cycles. As stems contribute to the large fraction of tree biomass, the canonical value of 50% or other simplified values of stem C concentration are widely used to represent the values of tree C concentration in the estimations of forest C stocks at different scales. However, C concentration variations between tree organs and within tree size and their impacts on forest C stocks are still unclear.

Methods
We conducted a global analysis of organ C concentration in age-specific trees based on 576 records of tree age, size (diameter at breast height and biomass) and C concentration data to evaluate the relationships between organ C concentrations and the changes of stem C concentration with tree age and size.

Important Findings
Tree C concentration varied significantly with organs. Stem C concentration of trees was significantly correlated with that of other tree organs, except for barks and reproductive organs. The stem C concentration increased significantly with tree size and age, which contributed to the increases in C contents of stems and trees. Using the C concentration in stems to represent the C concentrations of other organs and the whole tree could produce considerable errors in the estimations of forest C stocks (−8.6% to 25.6% and −2.5% to 5.9%, respectively). Our findings suggest that tree C accumulation in forests is related to the size- and age-dependent increases in stem C concentration and using specific C concentration values of tree organs can improve the estimations of forest C stocks.
Neuroma of the appendix, a rare cause of appendicitis and an important reason for close follow-up
Authors: Molina Gabriel A , Torres Marco Alejandro , Montenegro Mauro Santiago , Sánchez Gery Daniel , Arcia Alberto Carlos , Enríquez Juan José , Ayala Andres Vinicio , Orejuela Monica Elizabeth 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical pathology worldwide, frequently, the patient history and clinical examination are so similar to other appendicular pathologies that preoperative diagnosis is almost impossible for the medical team. Neuroma of the appendix is a rare tumor of neural origin that usually resembles the symptoms of acute appendicitis. Pathology along with close follow-ups are key, as the diagnosis is based on the presence of nerve neuronal cells in the appendicular lumen. Surgical treatment is recommended due to the possibility of malignancy. We present a case of a 32-year-old male patient who presented with symptoms of acute abdomen, surgery was performed and appendectomy was completed. Neuroma of the appendix was the final diagnosis.
Macroalgal–bacterial interactions: identification and role of thallusin in morphogenesis of the seaweed Ulva (Chlorophyta)
Authors: Alsufyani Taghreed , Califano Gianmaria , Deicke Michael , Grueneberg Jan , Weiss Anne , Engelen Aschwin H , Kwantes Michiel , Mohr Jan Frieder , Ulrich Johann F , Wichard Thomas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Macroalgal microbiomes have core functions related to biofilm formation, growth, and morphogenesis of seaweeds. In particular, the growth and development of the sea lettuce Ulva spp. (Chlorophyta) depend on bacteria releasing morphogenetic compounds. Under axenic conditions, the macroalga Ulva mutabilis develops a callus-like phenotype with cell wall protrusions. However, co-culturing with Roseovarius sp. (MS2) and Maribacter sp. (MS6), which produce various stimulatory chemical mediators, completely recovers morphogenesis. This ecological reconstruction forms a tripartite community which can be further studied for its role in cross-kingdom interactions. Hence, our study sought to identify algal growth- and morphogenesis-promoting factors (AGMPFs) capable of phenocopying the activity of Maribacter spp. We performed bioassay-guided solid-phase extraction in water samples collected from U. mutabilis aquaculture systems. We uncovered novel ecophysiological functions of thallusin, a sesquiterpenoid morphogen, identified for the first time in algal aquaculture. Thallusin, released by Maribacter sp., induced rhizoid and cell wall formation at a concentration of 11 pmol l−1. We demonstrated that gametes acquired the iron complex of thallusin, thereby linking morphogenetic processes with intracellular iron homeostasis. Understanding macroalgae–bacteria interactions permits further elucidation of the evolution of multicellularity and cellular differentiation, and development of new applications in microbiome-mediated aquaculture systems.
The M31/M33 tidal interaction: a hydrodynamic simulation of the extended gas distribution
Authors: Tepper-García Thor , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Li Di 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We revisit the orbital history of the Triangulum galaxy (M33) around the Andromeda galaxy (M31) in view of the recent Gaia Data Release 2 proper motion measurements for both Local Group galaxies. Earlier studies consider highly idealized dynamical friction, but neglect the effects of dynamical mass loss. We show the latter process to be important using mutually consistent orbit integration and N-body simulations. Following this approach, we find an orbital solution that brings these galaxies to within ∼50 kpc of each other in the past, ∼6.5 Gyr ago. We explore the implications of their interaction using an N-body/hydrodynamical simulation with a focus on the origin of two prominent features: (1) M31’s Giant Stellar Stream; and (2) the M31–M33 H i filament. We find that the tidal interaction does not produce a structure reminiscent of the stellar stream that survives up to the present day. In contrast, the M31–M33 H i filament is likely a fossil structure dating back to the time of the ancient encounter between these galaxies. Similarly, the observed outer disc warp in M33 may well be a relic of this past event. Our model suggests the presence of a tidally induced gas envelope around these galaxies, and the existence of a diffuse gas stream, the ‘Triangulum stream’, stretching for tens of kpc from M33 away from M31. We anticipate upcoming observations with the recently commissioned, Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical radio Telescope that will target the putative stream in its first years of operation.
Real-Time Estimation of the Risk of Death from Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection: Inference Using Exported Cases
Authors: Jung Sung-mok , Akhmetzhanov Andrei R. , Hayashi Katsuma , Linton Natalie M. , Yang Yichi , Yuan Baoyin , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Kinoshita Ryo , Nishiura Hiroshi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe exported cases of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection that were confirmed outside of China provide an opportunity to estimate the cumulative incidence and confirmed case fatality risk (cCFR) in mainland China. Knowledge of the cCFR is critical to characterize the severity and understand the pandemic potential of COVID-19 in the early stage of the epidemic. Using the exponential growth rate of the incidence, the present study statistically estimated the cCFR and the basic reproduction number—the average number of secondary cases generated by a single primary case in a naïve population. We modeled epidemic growth either from a single index case with illness onset on 8 December, 2019 (Scenario 1), or using the growth rate fitted along with the other parameters (Scenario 2) based on data from 20 exported cases reported by 24 January, 2020. The cumulative incidence in China by 24 January was estimated at 6924 cases (95% CI: 4885, 9211) and 19,289 cases (95% CI: 10,901, 30,158), respectively. The latest estimated values of the cCFR were 5.3% (95% CI: 3.5%, 7.5%) for Scenario 1 and 8.4% (95% CI: 5.3%, 12.3%) for Scenario 2. The basic reproduction number was estimated to be 2.1 (95% CI: 2.0, 2.2) and 3.2 (95% CI: 2.7, 3.7) for Scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. Based on these results, we argued that the current COVID-19 epidemic has a substantial potential for causing a pandemic. The proposed approach provides insights in early risk assessment using publicly available data.
Reconciling early-outbreak estimates of the basic reproductive number and its uncertainty: framework and applications to the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak
Authors: Park Sang Woo , Bolker Benjamin M. , Champredon David , Earn David J. D. , Li Michael , Weitz Joshua S. , Grenfell Bryan T. , Dushoff Jonathan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has recently emerged as a global threat. As the epidemic progresses, many disease modelers have focused on estimating the basic reproductive numberℛ0– the average number of secondary cases caused by a primary case in an otherwise susceptible population. The modeling approaches and resulting estimates ofℛ0vary widely, despite relying on similar data sources. Here, we present a novel statistical framework for comparing and combining different estimates ofℛ0across a wide range of models by decomposing the basic reproductive number into three key quantities: the exponential growth rater, the mean generation interval, and the generation-interval dispersionκ. We then apply our framework to early estimates ofℛ0for the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. We show that many earlyℛ0estimates are overly confident. Our results emphasize the importance of propagating uncertainties in all components ofℛ0, including the shape of the generation-interval distribution, in efforts to estimateℛ0at the outset of an epidemic.
BRAWNIN: A sORF-encoded Peptide Essential for Vertebrate Mitochondrial Complex III Assembly
Authors: Zhang Shan , Liang Chao , Mary Camille , Kerouanton Baptiste , Francisco Joel , Jagannathan Narendra Suhas , Olexiouk Volodimir , Hou Peh Jih , Tang Claire , Fidelito Gio , Nama Srikanth , Cheng Ruey-Kuang , Wee Caroline Lei , Wang Loo Chien , Duek Roggli Paula , Sampath Prabha , Lane Lydie , Petretto Enrico , Sobota Radoslaw , Jesuthasan Suresh , Sun Lei , Tucker-Kellogg Lisa , Reversade Bruno , Menschaert Gerben , Stroud David A. , Ho Lena 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe emergence of small open reading frame (sORF)-encoded peptides (SEPs) is rapidly expanding the known proteome at the lower end of the size distribution1,2. Here, we show that the mitochondria proteome is enriched for proteins smaller than 100 a.a. (defined as SEPs). Using a mitochondrial prediction and validation pipeline for small open-reading-frame (sORF)-encoded peptides (SEPs), we report the discovery of 16 endogenous mitochondrial SEPs (mito-SEPs) associated with oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Through functional prediction, proteomics, metabolomics and metabolic flux modeling, we demonstrate that BRAWNIN (BR), a 71 amino acid peptide encoded by theC12orf73gene, is essential for respiratory chain complex III (CIII) assembly. In human cells, BR is induced by the energy-sensing AMPK pathway, and its depletion impairs mitochondrial ATP production.In vivo, BR is enriched in muscle tissues and its maternal zygotic deletion in zebrafish causes complete CIII loss, resulting in severe growth retardation, lactic acidosis and early death. Our findings demonstrate that BR is essential for oxidative phosphorylation across vertebrate species. We propose that mito-SEPs are an untapped resource for essential regulators of oxidative metabolism.