bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimessenger Gravitational-wave Searches with Pulsar Timing Arrays: Application to 3C 66B Using the NANOGrav 11-year Data Set
Authors: Arzoumanian Zaven , Baker Paul T. , Brazier Adam , Brook Paul R. , Burke-Spolaor Sarah , Bécsy Bence , Charisi Maria , Chatterjee Shami , Cordes James M. , Cornish Neil J. , Crawford Fronefield , Cromartie H. Thankful , Crowter Kathryn , DeCesar Megan E. , Demorest Paul B. , Dolch Timothy , Elliott Rodney D. , Ellis Justin A. , Ferdman Robert D. , Ferrara Elizabeth C. , Fonseca Emmanuel , Garver-Daniels Nathan , Gentile Peter A. , Good Deborah C. , Hazboun Jeffrey S. , Islo Kristina , Jennings Ross J. , Jones Megan L. , Kaiser Andrew R. , Kaplan David L. , Kelley Luke Zoltan , Key Joey Shapiro , Lam Michael T. , W. Lazio T. Joseph , Levin Lina , Luo Jing , Lynch Ryan S. , Madison Dustin R. , McLaughlin Maura A. , Mingarelli Chiara M. F. , Ng Cherry , Nice David J. , Pennucci Timothy T. , Pol Nihan S. , Ransom Scott M. , Ray Paul S. , Shapiro-Albert Brent J. , Siemens Xavier , Simon Joseph , Spiewak Renée , Stairs Ingrid H. , Stinebring Daniel R. , Stovall Kevin , Swiggum Joseph K. , Taylor Stephen R. , Vallisneri Michele , Vigeland Sarah J. , Witt Caitlin A. , Zhu Weiwei ,   The NANOGrav Collaboration
Published: September 2020

Abstract
When galaxies merge, the supermassive black holes in their centers may form binaries and emit low-frequency gravitational radiation in the process. In this paper, we consider the galaxy 3C 66B, which was used as the target of the first multimessenger search for gravitational waves. Due to the observed periodicities present in the photometric and astrometric data of the source, it has been theorized to contain a supermassive black hole binary. Its apparent 1.05-year orbital period would place the gravitational-wave emission directly in the pulsar timing band. Since the first pulsar timing array study of 3C 66B, revised models of the source have been published, and timing array sensitivities and techniques have improved dramatically. With these advances, we further constrain the chirp mass of the potential supermassive black hole binary in 3C 66B to less than (1.65 ± 0.02) × 109 M
⊙ using data from the NANOGrav 11-year data set. This upper limit provides a factor of 1.6 improvement over previous limits and a factor of 4.3 over the first search done. Nevertheless, the most recent orbital model for the source is still consistent with our limit from pulsar timing array data. In addition, we are able to quantify the improvement made by the inclusion of source properties gleaned from electromagnetic data over “blind” pulsar timing array searches. With these methods, it is apparent that it is not necessary to obtain exact a priori knowledge of the period of a binary to gain meaningful astrophysical inferences.
Higher Frequency and Increased Expression of Molecules Associated with Suppression on T Regulatory Cells from Newborn Compared with Adult Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Holbrook Beth C. , Alexander-Miller Martha A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
T regulatory cells (Tregs) play a critical role in controlling the immune response, often limiting pathogen-specific cells to curb immune-mediated damage. Studies in human infants have reported an increased representation of Tregs in these individuals. However, how these cells differ from those in adults at various sites and how they respond to activation signals is relatively unknown. In this study, we used a newborn nonhuman primate model to assess Treg populations present at multiple sites with regard to frequency and phenotype in comparison with those present in adult animals. We found that Foxp3+ cells were more highly represented in the T cell compartment of newborn nonhuman primates for all sites examined (i.e., the spleen, lung, and circulation). In the spleen and circulation, newborn-derived Tregs expressed significantly higher levels of Foxp3 and CD25 compared with adults, consistent with an effector phenotype. Strikingly, the phenotype of Tregs in the lungs of adult and infant animals was relatively similar, with both adult and newborn Tregs exhibiting a more uniform PD-1+CD39+ phenotype. Finally, in vitro, newborn Tregs exhibited an increased requirement for TCR engagement for survival. Further, these cells upregulated CD39 more robustly than their adult counterpart. Together, these data provide new insights into the quantity of Tregs in newborns, their activation state, and their potential to respond to activation signals.
On a family of torsional creep problems in Finsler metrics
Authors: Fărcăşeanu Maria , Mihăilescu Mihai , Stancu-Dumitru Denisa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe asymptotic behavior of solutions to a family of Dirichlet boundary value problems, involving differential operators in divergence form, on a domain equipped with a Finsler metric is investigated. Solutions are shown to converge uniformly to the distance function to the boundary of the domain, which takes into account the Finsler norm involved in the equation. This implies that a well-known result in the analysis of problems modeling torsional creep continues to hold in this more general setting.
The Clifford-cyclotomic group and Euler–Poincaré characteristics
Authors: Ingalls Colin , Jordan Bruce W. , Keeton Allan , Logan Adam , Zaytman Yevgeny 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor an integer

$n\geq 8$
divisible by

$4$
, let

$R_n={\mathbb Z}[\zeta _n,1/2]$
and let

$\operatorname {\mathrm {U_{2}}}(R_n)$
be the group of

$2\times 2$
unitary matrices with entries in

$R_n$
. Set

$\operatorname {\mathrm {U_2^\zeta }}(R_n)=\{\gamma \in \operatorname {\mathrm {U_{2}}}(R_n)\mid \det \gamma \in \langle \zeta _n\rangle \}$
. Let

$\mathcal {G}_n\subseteq \operatorname {\mathrm {U_2^\zeta }}(R_n)$
be the Clifford-cyclotomic group generated by a Hadamard matrix

$H=\frac {1}{2}[\begin {smallmatrix} 1+i & 1+i\\1+i &-1-i\end {smallmatrix}]$
and the gate

$T_n=[\begin {smallmatrix}1 & 0\\0 & \zeta _n\end {smallmatrix}]$
. We prove that

$\mathcal {G}_n=\operatorname {\mathrm {U_2^\zeta }}(R_n)$
if and only if

$n=8, 12, 16, 24$
and that

$[\operatorname {\mathrm {U_2^\zeta }}(R_n):\mathcal {G}_n]=\infty $
if

$\operatorname {\mathrm {U_2^\zeta }}(R_n)\neq \mathcal {G}_n$
. We compute the Euler–Poincaré characteristic of the groups

$\operatorname {\mathrm {SU_{2}}}(R_n)$
,

$\operatorname {\mathrm {PSU_{2}}}(R_n)$
,

$\operatorname {\mathrm {PU_{2}}}(R_n)$
,

$\operatorname {\mathrm {PU_2^\zeta }}(R_n)$
, and

$\operatorname {\mathrm {SO_{3}}}(R_n^+)$
.
College Students’ Views on the Pandemic Distance Education: A Focus Group Discussion
Authors: Tümen Akyıldız Seçil 
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 is a deadly pandemic that has affected every aspect of life including education. The schools have been closed to prevent the spread of the virus, and they have converted their system into distance education. Completing the semester there is a need to address the problematic issues in the new system to develop it for future implementations. Thus the current research aimed to examine the perceptions of Turkish university students on the pandemic distance education period. In particular, this research addressed the following research questions: (1) How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected your life in general? (2) What do you think about web-based pandemic education that you have? (3) What are your suggestions on future distance education implementations? It was conducted by focus group discussion. The researcher carried out the discussion via Skype one of the best ways in pandemic period. The 12 undergraduates were determined randomly and voluntarily from each grade. A number of issues that were obtained from the discussion were identified through qualitative content analysis. The findings have revealed that most of the participants were affected by the pandemic period negatively feeling anxiety, despair, and boredom. It is apparent from the findings of the second research question that pandemic education process has had its weaknesses rather than its advantages such as lack of interaction, and communication which lead the students to isolation, problems about exams, traditional educational habits, the load of assignments, and time management. The advantages on the other hand have been flexibility of time and place, students’ having more responsibilities in learning and comfort in exams. The suggestions of the participants are also worth to note like instructors’ changing their way of lecturing, their perspectives as educators, and the way of assessment. It is hoped to contribute to the current distance education literature with its worthwhile results.
A Text Analytic Approach to Study Host Country Nationalist Sentiments and MNE Responses during National Conflicts
Authors: Tian Xiaocong 
Published: September 2020

International business scholars have conducted lots of studies on MNE strategic choices in host country. However, most of the strategic choices are those need a long time to be implemented and to take effect, and we known little about how MNEs can instantly respond to host country environmental changes. Using social media textual data, I focus on nationalist sentiment and develop two types of nationalist sentiment, namely expressive nationalist sentiment and instrumental nationalist sentiment, through textual analysis. Then, I examine what rhetorical strategies MNEs adopt when different types of nationalist sentiment are high.
Russian Foreign Trade under a New Wave of Political Pressure: A Glance from the Inside
Authors: Varshney Sanjay , Mikhailitchenko Andrey 
Published: September 2020

The changes and ramifications that followed in Russia after annexation of Crimea in 2014, both political and economic, are drastic and fundamental. While Russian foreign policy, geo-political developments and mainstream macroeconomic trends (oil prices, inflation) are quite visible to foreign investors and observers, the changes in government regulations of the Russian economy (both official and covert) are often overlooked. New customs regulations and enforcement practices, development of “grey” customs clearing system, new wave of political restrictions are considered in the article. The authors state that these changes are even more pivotal and impactful than those that occur at the macro-level.
The Organizational Design of Offshoring
Authors: Larsen Marcus M. 
Published: September 2020

This short article summarizes my PhD dissertation entitled ‘The Organizational Design of Offshoring’ that has as its purpose to investigate why some firms fail when offshoring and other do not. The thesis consists of four research papers using various datasets and methodologies that investigate offshoring in an organizational context. It is argued that whether firms relocate activities with the purpose of accessing resources or as a response to political pressures, the process of offshoring presents firms and their decision makers with the daunting challenge of recognizing the need for coordinating and integrating offshoring activities in a global organization.
Featured Commentary: Special Issue on the Middle East North Africa Region
Authors: Balakrishnan Melodena Stephens 
Published: September 2020

The MENA region is filled with contrasts. Though some of the oldest civilizations exist here, there are still geographical boundaries that are undefined, such as Palestine (home to ten million people). The Arab Spring, which began at the end of 2010, has led to mass migration of over one million people from Tunisia, Libya, and Syria that surged to neighbouring countries in Africa, Asia, and Europe, creating a humanitarian crisis. There is a need to redefine the boundaries of IB from an emerging market context and look at new topics as globalisation, not internationalisation, will drive the world!
PROBLEM POSING LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Marlina Lina , Hamzah Udi 
Published: September 2020

The research problem of this classroom action research is the low achievement to learn civics class XA SMA AL-Husen City of Tunjung Teja in the academic year 2017. The purpose of this research is to increase the students’ achievement on the subjects of civic education. The results of this research for the school is to improve the quality of civic education, besides that it is also useful for teachers and students. By doing classroom action research the teachers get experience in conducting the learning more interesting and enjoyable. This research implemented in three cycles, where each cycle includes the activities of planning, action, observation and reflection. The Subjects of the research are students of class XA as many as 28 students. The troubleshooting method used is to apply model problem posing learning on the subjects of civic education, the instruments of the research is using observation sheet increase student achievement. Implementation of the research conducted collaboratively with teachers as implementers and researchers act as an observer. The results of this research shows increased student achievement. The cycle I with an average of 53,58. The cycle II with an average 61,76. The cycle III with an average 80,26 Therefore this classroom action research is successful so the researchers recommended the implementation of model problem posing learning can be increasing the students’ learning outcomes on the subjects of civic education.
ANÁLISE MULTIDIMENSIONAL DOS CUSTOS LOGÍSTICOS CONTRIBUINDO À GESTÃO DE UMA EMPRESA DE CONTABILIDADE
Authors: Oliveira Danielle Santos , Nunes Rosângela Venâncio , Siebra Alexandra Alencar , Costa de Assis Charles Washington , Adriano Nayana De Almeida , Fonseca Rita De Cassia 
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é verificar como a análise multidimensional dos custos logísticos pode contribuir à gestão de uma empresa prestadora de serviços contábeis. Para mostrar a relevância da análise multidimensional dos custos logísticos, como ferramenta para auxiliar o gestor na tomada de decisão, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e o estudo de caso em uma empresa de contabilidade, durante o mês de Maio/2018, em que foram coletados dados por meio de entrevistas realizados junto ao sócio da empresa. As análises foram baseadas na Lucratividade Direta por Cliente (LDC) e Lucratividade Direta por Serviços (LDS). Os resultados encontrados são provenientes da análise da LDC e da LDS, comprovando que a análise multidimensional dos custos logísticos é uma ferramenta relevante para auxiliar o empresário desse segmento a tomar decisões que colaborem com o aumento da lucratividade da empresa, através do conhecimento de informações até então não conhecidas pelo gestor.
Wisdom Begins with Awe
Authors: Ossewaarde-Lowtoo Roshnee 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the present essay, wisdom is conceived as the basic knowledge that underpins all forms of humanising knowledge and the striving for justice. The idea of wisdom as indispensable to all human endeavours is one that can be found in the works of Plato and Cicero. In ancient writings, we also see that wisdom is traditionally opposed to hubris. Hence, following Gabriel Marcel, the quest for wisdom can be regarded as an antidote to practical anthropomorphism. Consequently, I argue that the quest for wisdom depends on an anti-hubris attitude, namely, piety or reverence. The fear of the gods, which is recommended by ancient poets and philosophers, is here considered as encouraging that piety and hence the love of wisdom. I distinguish between piety and traditionalism and show that the latter is hostile to awe and wisdom. I also briefly address the tension between traditions and philosophy and suggest that the dilemma can be resolved by critical alertness and by putting the insights of religious traditions on par with the wisdom of literature and poetry. The quest for wisdom, I argue, is fostered and hindered by particular cultural contexts. Ours today is more hostile to such quest.
Philosophy and the Love of Wisdom
Authors: Sweet William 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper takes up some themes in Peter Jonkers’s essay, ‘Philosophy and Wisdom’, but discusses, more specifically, philosophy as ‘love of wisdom’. After a short summary of what is commonly understood by wisdom, why people value wisdom, and how one may acquire wisdom, I briefly note why the philosophy that we generally encounter today has seemed, to some, to be disconnected from wisdom and the love of wisdom. I argue that, if we are more attentive to the role of love in philosophy and to texts, frequently marginalized, that reflect a ‘sapiential philosophy’, philosophy can again be ‘love of wisdom’.
Intimations of a Perennial Wisdom
Authors: Laude Patrick 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This essay sketches some of the main characteristics of a perennial and cross-civilizational concept of wisdom. It argues that the latter is based upon a strong and deep sense of transcendence and upon the discernment that flows from it. This essay highlights the ways in which this discriminative wisdom does not amount to any form of dualism, but, on the contrary, leads its proponents and practitioners to an all-encompassing experience of anthropocosmic harmony and metaphysical unity. Taking stock of Asian wisdom traditions such as Advaita Vedānta and Zen Buddhism this paper also stresses the intimate connection between wisdom and objectivity; hence the ideal of a full attentiveness to reality in its irreducible suchness. Finally the essay broaches wisdom’s power of intellectual and spiritual displacement as a means of realizing the aforementioned objectivity. The final section discusses the circumstantial and ontological reasons for wisdom’s concealment, and the ways in which sagely expressions must be adjusted to a wide spectrum of human limitations.
Método de muestreo angular para el inventario de plantaciones forestales de teca (Tectona grandis L. f.)
Authors: Mora-Espinoza Javier A. , Peñalver-Romeo Alberto , Aguilar-Torres Fernando J. , Rivas-Barzola José R. , Triana-Tomalá Ángel 
Published: September 2020

Introducción: El muestreo mediante parcelas de superficie fija es la práctica usual en inventarios forestales, a pesar del tiempo considerable de trabajo. Un método alternativo de muestreo es el conteo angular o método de Bitterlich.Objetivo: Evaluar la precisión y eficiencia del método de muestreo angular para la determinación de variables dasométricas en plantaciones de teca (Tectona grandis L. f.).Materiales y métodos: En una plantación de teca de tres años se establecieron 21 parcelas circulares de 500 m2 . En cada parcela se determinó el diámetro a la altura del pecho, la altura y posición de cada árbol, los tiempos de trabajo, el número de árboles por hectárea, diámetro de área basal media, área basal total, altura promedio de Lorey y volumen total. El muestreo angular se simuló utilizando factores de área basimétrica (FAB) de 0.5, 1, 1.5 y 2. Las estimaciones de las variables para cada FAB y parcelas de área fija se contrastaron mediante ANOVA y se determinó la eficiencia relativa.Resultados y discusión: El ANOVA no detectó diferencias significativas (P < 0.05) en la estimación de variables dasométricas entre tipos de muestreo, lo cual demuestra que el método angular es preciso. La parcela de área y forma fijas requirió más tiempo de trabajo (P < 0.05). La eficiencia relativa del método angular fue entre 4.5 y 11 veces mayor que la de parcela de área fija. El FAB idóneo en plantaciones jóvenes de teca fue igual a dos.Conclusiones: El conteo angular es preciso y más eficiente para la estimación de variables dasométricas en plantaciones jóvenes de teca.
Potencial dendrogeomorfológico de Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson para la reconstrucción de avenidas torrenciales en Los Picos de Davis, Coahuila
Authors: Sánchez-Asunción Wendi , Cerano-Paredes Julián , Franco-Ramos Osvaldo , Cornejo-Oviedo Eladio , Villanueva-Díaz José , Flores-López Celestino , Garza-Martínez Miguel 
Published: September 2020

Introducción: Los procesos geomorfológicos, como las avenidas torrenciales, afectan el crecimiento natural de los árboles. A partir del fechado de disturbios en los anillos de crecimiento, se reconstruyen eventos históricos útiles para la prevención y mitigación de peligros naturales.Objetivos: Determinar el potencial dendrogeomorfológico de Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson para fechar y reconstruir avenidas torrenciales en Los Picos de Davis, Coahuila. Materiales y métodos: Se colectaron muestras de 19 árboles muertos y vivos con evidencia de disturbios (cicatrices de impacto, supresión en crecimiento y madera de compresión). Las muestras se prepararon, fecharon y analizaron con base en técnicas dendrogeomorfológicas. Las avenidas torrenciales reconstruidas se relacionaron con información climática histórica de huracanes, ciclones tropicales y precipitación.Resultados y discusión: Se logró fechar 68 % de las muestras con evidencia de disturbio; la correlación entre series de crecimiento fue significativa (r = 0.403; P < 0.001). Las anomalías más comunes se manifestaron en forma de cicatrices (72 %), supresiones en el crecimiento (20 %) y madera de compresión (8 %). Se reconstruyeron 10 avenidas torrenciales. Los procesos causantes fueron avenidas torrenciales, desencadenadas por fenómenos hidrometeorológicos extremos, entre ellos los huracanes “Alex” en el 2010, “Dolly” en 2008 y “Claudette” en 2003. Existe sincronía entre los procesos geomorfológicos y los fenómenos hidrometeorológicos.Conclusiones: Los disturbios en los anillos de P. ponderosa son útiles para reconstruir la frecuencia y distribución de procesos geomorfológicos.
Nonviolence as Positive Liberty
Authors: Boyte Harry C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This reflection on Ian Shapiro's recent book, Politics against Domination, argues that there are strengths to conceiving of politics as a struggle against domination but the argument neglects the actual democratic politics of actual movements such as the African American freedom struggle. In the civil rights movement, in particular, nonviolence added to older understandings of politics as engagement across difference a view of positive liberty, recently described by theorists such as Karuna Mantena and Danielle Allen. This understanding of nonviolence as positive liberty has enormous relevance for our time. It finds expression in significant actual civic practices.
Underwater Ambient Noise
Authors: Baskar Veeriayan Vijaya , V. Rajendran 
Published: September 2020

Underwater ambient noise is primarily a background noise which is a function of time, location, and depth. Background baseline of the noise in ocean is represented by ambient noise generated from the ocean surface due to wind and rain. This understanding pertained to ambient noise under various conditions will help in improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of marine instruments. It is of prime importance to detect the signals such as sound of a submarine or echo from a target surpassing this ambient noise. Ambient noise excludes all forms of self noise, such as the noise of current flow around the measurement hydrophone and its supporting structure. It should also exclude all forms of electrical noise. It is also defined as the residual noise that remains after all easily identifiable sound sources are eliminated. In the absence of sound from ships and marine life, underwater ambient noise levels (NL) are dependent mainly on wind speeds at frequencies between 100 Hz and 25 KHz.