bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of interlaminar properties across processing parameters of consolidation of CF/PEKK composites for benchmarking performance
Authors: Korayem Abd‐Elrahman , Venkatesan Karthik , Chen Si , Mapkar Javed , Haq Mahmoodul 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCarbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTP) are gaining momentum, largely due to the benefits of in situ curing, which eliminates long cure times. This makes them an ideal choice for rapid manufacturing using automated tape‐layup machines. Given the sensitivity of thermoplastic properties to processing parameters, a detailed experimental characterization of interlaminar consolidation capacity is crucial before adoption. In this study, we placed poly‐ether‐ketone‐ketone (PEKK) thermoplastic tapes using a robotic tape‐layup machine and consolidated them via compression molding. The resulting samples were experimentally characterized to obtain the thermo‐mechanical performance as a function of consolidation pressure, duration, and ply‐stack orientation for a total of 15 testing cases. Our findings show that the modulus and strength of the laminates with similar ply‐stack orientation can change significantly by up to 200%, based on different processing parameters. The time for interlaminar chain diffusion emerged as the most influential processing parameter. This work provides a benchmark for properties to be targeted with automated fiber placement techniques and underscores the importance of detailed experimental characterization in adopting such techniques.Highlights
Processing parameters can affect the tensile strength of CF/PEKK by up to 200%.
Consolidation time is the most influential processing parameter for CF/PEKK.
Crystallinity only affects ultimate tensile properties and not stiffness.
In‐plane shear is primarily controlled by interlaminar chain diffusion.
Outgassing in the interfibrous region can cause significant voids.
Characterization and Inhibition of the Chaperone Function of Plasmodium falciparum Glucose‐Regulated Protein 94 kDa (PfGrp94)
Authors: Muzenda Florence Lisa , Stofberg Melissa Louise , Mthembu Wendy , Achilonu Ikechukwu , Strauss Erick , Zininga Tawanda 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPlasmodium falciparum expresses four heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) members. Among these, one, glucose‐regulated protein 94 (PfGrp94), is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Both the cytosolic and ER‐based Hsp90s are essential for parasite survival under all growth conditions. The cytosolic version has been extensively studied and has been targeted in several efforts through the repurposing of anticancer therapeutics as antimalarial drugs. However, PfGrp94 has not been fully characterized and some of its functions related to the ER stress response are not fully understood. Structural analysis of the recombinant full‐length PfGrp94 protein showed a predominantly α‐helical secondary structure and its thermal resilience was modulated by 5′‐N‐ethyl‐carboxamide‐adenosine (NECA) and nucleotides ATP/ADP. PfGrp94 exhibits ATPase activity and suppressed heat‐induced aggregation of a model substrate, malate dehydrogenase, in a nucleotide‐dependent manner. However, these PfGrp94 chaperone functions were abrogated by NECA. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that NECA interacted with unique residues on PfGrp94, which could be potentially exploited for selective drug design. Finally, using parasites maintained at the red blood stage, NECA exhibited moderate antiplasmodial activity (IC50 of 4.3, 7.4, and 10.0 μM) against three different P. falciparum strains. Findings from this study provide the first direct evidence for the correlation between in silico, biochemical, and in vitro data toward utilizing the ER‐based chaperone, PfGrp94, as a drug target against the malaria parasites.
A rare cause of recurrent massive hemoptysis
Authors: Deshpande Priya N. , Venkatnarayan Kavitha , Krishnaswamy Uma Maheswari , Veluthat Chitra , Niranjanmurthy Likith , Devaraj Uma , Ramachandran Priya 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPulmonary artery aneurysmal rupture is a rare cause of massive hemoptysis. When the suspected origin of bleeding is the pulmonary artery, comprehensive evaluation is necessary to determine aetiology and guide appropriate management. Behçet's disease and Hughes–Stovin Syndrome (HSS) are important differentials to consider after infections and malignancy have been ruled out. Pulmonary artery aneurysms with aneurysmal wall enhancement and ‘in‐situ’ thrombus should prompt the suspicion of HSS. Early diagnosis and treatment with immunosuppressants and endovascular interventions in selected patients may improve the prognosis and prevent episodes of fatal hemoptysis.
Spontaneously regressing pulmonary tuberculosis detected by computed tomography in a patient with positive interferon‐gamma release assay
Authors: Kimura Yuya , Arai Hiroyuki , Tome Reo , Kaburaki Kyohei , Sasada Shinji 
Published: December 2024

Key messageWe present a case of pulmonary tuberculosis with a positive interferon‐gamma release assay showing spontaneous regression followed by progression of radiological findings. Physicians should be aware that tuberculosis lesions can temporarily regress and careful follow up should be done if there are suspicious radiological findings.
A Seat at the Table: Black & Latinx Teachers Reimagining Multilingual Classrooms as Culturally Sustaining Spaces for Black Children
Authors: Frieson Brittany L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCritical scholarship has collectively challenged multilingual spaces as operating under a Latinx/Anglo dualism that excludes the knowledge, voices, and experiences of young Black children. Therefore, we must reimagine multilingual spaces that are not only inclusive of Black languages and literacies; but also see them as vital resources that contribute to linguistic justice for Black children in multilingual classrooms. Based on a qualitative study that drew upon case study and ethnographic methods with multiple data sources to explore how teachers of Black and other students of Color reimagined their classrooms with Black languages and literacies at the center, this paper utilizes culturally sustaining pedagogies (CSPs) to proclaim the importance of affirming and maintaining the languages and literacies of Black children and other children of Color. To that end, CSPs calls upon educators to intentionally invite practices that value linguistic flexibility in schools and classrooms. Findings demonstrated that teachers of multilingual classrooms who utilized CSPs consistently engaged in a process of critical consciousness that included challenging language policies, mandated curriculum, and unlearning classroom norms that rejected Black languages and literacies. Additionally, Black and Latinx teachers invited children to freedom dream and negotiate ways to bring Black languages and literacies to the forefront with them. In doing so, teachers and students were able to create communities of resistance that ensured the steadfastness of CSPs that centered young Black children's literary gifts.
Quantifying range‐ and topographical biases in weather surveillance radar measures of migratory bird activity
Authors: Jimenez Miguel F. , Haest Birgen , Khalighifar Ali , Abbott Annika L. , Feuka Abigail , Liu Aitao , Horton Kyle G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWeather radar systems have become a central tool in the study of nocturnal bird migration. Yet, while studies have sought to validate weather radar data through comparison to other sampling techniques, few have explicitly examined the impact of range and topographical blockage on sampling detection—critical dimensions that can bias broader inferences. Here, we assess these biases with relation to the Cheyenne, WY Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) site, one of the large‐scale radars in a network of 160 weather surveillance stations based in the United States. We compared local density measures collected using a mobile, vertically looking radar with reflectivity from the NEXRAD station in the corresponding area. Both mean nightly migration activity and within night migration activity between NEXRAD and the mobile radar were strongly correlated (r = 0.85 and 0.70, respectively), but this relationship degraded with both increasing distance and beam blockage. Range‐corrected NEXRAD reflectivity was a stronger predictor of observed mobile radar densities than uncorrected reflectivity at the mean nightly scale, suggesting that current range correction methods are somewhat effective at correcting for this bias. At the within night temporal scale, corrected and uncorrected reflectivity models performed similarly up to 65 km, but beyond this distance, uncorrected reflectivity became a stronger predictor than range‐corrected reflectivity, suggesting range limitations to these corrections. Together, our findings further validate weather radar as an ornithological tool, but also highlight and quantify potential sampling biases.
Optimized design of precast concrete shear walls with consideration of future modification scenarios
Authors: Vestergaard Sara Sofie , Hoang Linh Cao , Poulsen Peter Noe , Gudmand‐Høyer Tim , Feddersen Bent 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOne way to decrease the carbon emissions from concrete structures is to make smarter and more optimal structural designs. Prefabricated concrete walls are widely used in building structures. However, buildings made of traditional precast wall elements contain very little flexibility if you need an opening like a door hole or a larger opening in the wall in the future. To enable circular use of buildings with concrete walls, a new optimized concept for precast concrete walls is suggested in this paper. It is called a modifiable concrete wall and consists of two zones: a frame zone and a flexible zone. A new opening can be cut in the flexible zone without, or with little, strengthening of the structure. This will potentially prolong the lifespan of the building and reduce carbon emissions (CO2e) in the long run. To also reduce carbon emissions in the short run, the carbon footprint from the materials of the wall is minimized. This is done by allowing a very low concrete strength and small amount of reinforcement in the flexible zone. Furthermore, a material optimization framework using finite element limit analysis (FELA) is developed. For one or more given load cases, the optimization framework finds the optimal concrete strength and amount of reinforcement, which minimizes the carbon footprint. A realistic example of a wall structure of a five‐floor apartment building is made. The carbon footprint of the optimized modifiable concrete element is compared to a standard wall element, and reductions in the order of 40%–60% are found.
Generating construct maps from a systematic review of atomic models
Authors: Echeverri‐Jimenez Emmanuel , Balabanoff Morgan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA systematic literature review across multiple scientific disciplines was conducted to explore students' understanding of atomic structure, focusing on students' ACs. A total of 112 publications between 1972 and 2023 were selected for the study. Within the selected body of literature, 851 instances of ACs were distributed across students ranging from third grade to graduate‐level physical chemistry. As students' atomic structure understanding becomes more sophisticated, multiple intermediate atomic structure models were described in the path from a pre‐atom understanding of the composition of matter to a quantitative understanding of the atom's quantum‐mechanical characteristics. A series of construct maps were created for each intermediate atomic structure model, organizing students' ACs in a sophistication hierarchy, and using threshold concepts as capstones. Each construct map level is described and selected ACs that exemplify each construct map sublevel of understanding are discussed. The series of construct maps encompass a model of student understanding to diagnose students' level of understanding of atomic structure. This work intends to highlight students' different levels of understanding for the structure of the atom, with the assumption that student knowledge can deepen in sophistication from students' current knowledge. This work opens the possibility of designing an instrument to assess students' understanding of atomic structure using an ordered multiple‐choice approach.
Developing a Water, Food, Energy, Economy, and Environment Nexus Index for Evaluating Centralized and Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems
Authors: Bahman Ghazaleh , Yazdian Hamed 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn addressing the complex challenges of sustainable development, the Water‐Energy‐Food (WEF) nexus underscores the critical role of wastewater management. This study evaluates centralized and decentralized wastewater treatment systems using the innovative Water‐Energy‐Food‐Economy‐Environment Nexus Index (WEFEENI). Centralized systems are traditionally favored in urban settings due to economies of scale, yet they encounter high costs and environmental impacts. In contrast, decentralized systems offer flexibility and lower operational costs, making them suitable for less populated regions. Our findings reveal that decentralized systems significantly reduce energy consumption by 72.88%, investment costs by 52.01%, and operating costs by 87.98%, while also lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Although centralized systems excel in food production and annual income, decentralized systems perform better in water and energy productivity, green space development, and aquifer recharge. The study highlights the importance of adopting a holistic approach, tailored to specific contexts and priorities, to achieve sustainable wastewater management.
Optimization of synthesizing silver nanoparticles on hydrotalcite‐zinc using a piper betle leaf extract as a reducing agent
Authors: Anh Nguyen Thi Kim , Thai Nguyen Xuan , Chinh Nguyen Thuy , Trung Vu Quoc , Thuy Tran Thanh , Hoang Thai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHydrotalcite‐ zinc‐silver nanoparticles (HT‐Zn‐AgNPs) have been applied in many different fields such as antibacterial, cosmetic, and so on. NaBH4 has often been used as a chemical‐reducing agent to decorate silver on the HT‐Zn surface. However, it wields an adverse influence on the environment. As a result, using piper betle leaf extract (PBE) is considered a potential candidate because of its friendly environment. This study focused on optimizing the synthesis of AgNPs on HT‐Zn using a PBE‐reducing agent by utilizing the response surface methodology and Box–Behnken design. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed that after doping Zn on the HT surface, the structure of HT did not change too much while after decorating AgNPs on hydrotalcite‐zinc (HT‐Zn), the AgNPs dispersed on HT‐Zn surface with spherical shape. The ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectra analysis indicated the appearance of AgNPs at a peak of about 480 nm, corresponding to the surface plasmonic effect of AgNPs. Besides, the successful synthesis of HT‐Zn and HT‐Zn‐AgNPs was also proved through the analysis results of X‐ray diffraction, infrared, and atomic absorbance spectroscopy (AAS). The optimal conditions were found including a reaction temperature of 30 °C, reaction time of 6.9 h, and volume of PBE of 1.06 mL (for 0.02 g AgNO3). The experimental yield for synthesizing HT‐Zn‐AgNPs reached 62.12%, which is close to the predict yield of 62.91%. Moreover, the study also indicated the antibacterial ability of HT‐Zn‐AgNPs with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas stutzeri B27, and antibiotic‐resistant E. coli bacteria. In summary, the HT‐Zn hybrid AgNPs using PBE as a reducing agent for the reduction of AgNPs is very promising for antibacterial additives.
Challenges in Therapeutically Targeting the RNA‐Recognition Motif
Authors: Schmeing Stefan , Hart Peter 't 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe RNA recognition motif (RRM) is the most common RNA binding domain found in the human proteome. RRM domains provide RNA‐binding proteins with sequence specific RNA recognition allowing them to participate in RNA‐centric processes such as mRNA maturation, translation initiation, splicing, and RNA degradation. They are drivers of various diseases through overexpression or mutation, making them attractive therapeutic targets and addressing these proteins through their RRM domains with chemical compounds is gaining ever more attention. However, it is still very challenging to find selective and potent RNA‐competitors due to the small size of the domain and high structural conservation of its RNA binding interface. Despite these challenges, a selection of compounds has been reported for several RRM containing proteins, but often with limited biophysical evidence and low selectivity. A solution to selectively targeting RRM domains might be through avoiding the RNA‐binding surface altogether, but rather look for composite pockets formed with other proteins or for protein–protein interaction sites that regulate the target's activity but are less conserved. Alternative modalities, such as oligonucleotides, peptides, and molecular glues, are exciting new approaches to address these challenging targets and achieve the goal of therapeutic intervention at the RNA regulatory level.
A SymTFT for continuous symmetries
Authors: Brennan T. Daniel , Sun Zhengdi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Symmetry is a powerful tool for studying dynamics in QFT: it provides selection rules, constrains RG flows, and often simplifies analysis. Currently, our understanding is that the most general form of symmetry is described by categorical symmetries which can be realized via Symmetry TQFTs or “SymTFTs”. In this paper, we show how the framework of the SymTFT, which is understood for discrete symmetries (i.e. finite categorical symmetries), can be generalized to continuous symmetries. In addition to demonstrating how U(1) global symmetries can be incorporated into the paradigm of the SymTFT, we apply our formalism to study cubic U(1) anomalies in 4d QFTs, describe the ℚ/ℤ non-invertible chiral symmetry in 4d theories, and conjecture the SymTFT for general continuous G(0) global symmetries.
Abelian Chern-Simons vortices in the presence of magnetic impurities
Authors: Bazeia D. , Campos J. G. F. , Mohammadi A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This work deals with Abelian Chern-Simons vortices interacting with magnetic impurities. We compute static solutions with winding numbers zero and one. Then, we develop a numerical algorithm to simulate their collisions. Collisions between a vortex with winding number two and a magnetic impurity are also performed. All scattering results are interpreted in terms of the moduli space approximation and compared with the Abelian Maxwell-Higgs model.
Connectionism about human agency: responsible AI and the social lifeworld
Authors: Noller Jörg 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper analyzes responsible human–machine interaction concerning artificial neural networks (ANNs) and large language models (LLMs) by considering the extension of human agency and autonomy by means of artificial intelligence (AI). Thereby, the paper draws on the sociological concept of “interobjectivity,” first introduced by Bruno Latour, and applies it to technologically situated and interconnected agency. Drawing on Don Ihde’s phenomenology of human-technology relations, this interobjective account of AI allows to understand human–machine interaction as embedded in the social lifeworld. Finally, the paper develops a connectionist account of responsible AI, thereby focusing on patterns such as social goals and actions.
Rationale for osteoporosis screening in men
Authors: Narla Radhika R. , Adler Robert A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Summary
The US Preventive Services Task Force has not recommended osteoporosis screening in men. Department of Veterans Affairs clinicians reviewed the literature on male osteoporosis screening and treatment. They concluded that targeted screening identifies men at risk and osteoporosis drugs reduce fracture risk similarly in men and women.

Purpose/Introduction
The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has found insufficient evidence for recommending for or against osteoporosis screening in men. Department of Veterans Affairs osteoporosis experts reviewed the literature on osteoporosis screening and treatment in men.

Methods
Although not done systematically, the literature was reviewed by a panel of 20 Department of Veterans Affairs clinicians with extensive experience with osteoporosis in men. Virtual meetings and multiple email communications resulted in a consensus.

Results
Screening, particularly targeted screening in men, has been found to identify men at risk for fracture. Prior studies have shown osteoporosis drugs have similar effects in men and women. A recent large observational trial demonstrated that hip fracture risk is similarly reduced for both sexes by current medications.

Conclusion
The consensus of the panel was that targeted screening of men for osteoporosis would lead to greater use of osteoporosis medication, lowering fracture risk.
Solvability of the $\mathrm{L}^{p}$ Dirichlet problem for the heat equation is equivalent to parabolic uniform rectifiability in the case of a parabolic Lipschitz graph
Authors: Bortz Simon , Hofmann Steve , Martell José María , Nyström Kaj 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe prove that if a parabolic Lipschitz (i.e., Lip(1,1/2)) graph domain has the property that its caloric measure is parabolic $A_{\infty }$

A
∞

with respect to surface measure (which property is in turn equivalent to $\mathrm{L}^{p}$

L
p

solvability of the Dirichlet problem for some finite $p$
p
), then the function defining the graph has a half-order time derivative in the space of (parabolic) bounded mean oscillation. Equivalently, we prove that the $A_{\infty }$

A
∞

property of caloric measure implies, in this case, that the boundary is parabolic uniformly rectifiable. Consequently, by combining our result with the work of Lewis and Murray we resolve a long standing open problem in the field by characterizing those parabolic Lipschitz graph domains for which one has $\mathrm{L}^{p}$

L
p

solvability (for some $p <\infty $
p
<
∞
) of the Dirichlet problem for the heat equation. The key idea of our proof is to view the level sets of the Green function as extensions of the original boundary graph for which we can prove (local) square function estimates of Littlewood-Paley type.