bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Coconut Fronds as Raw Material for Making Art Paper
Authors: Faisal RM , Octaviani Putri Herlita , Yogaryansyah Sormin Andhika , Chafidz Achmad 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Coconut fronds are part of a coconut tree that has been rarely used while the amount is abundant. Therefore, there is a concern of how to more utilize coconut fronds. Coconut fronds can be used as raw material for making art paper because it has good amount of fiber and cellulose. The utilization of coconut fronds for making art paper can minimize the coconut fronds waste. Additionally, it also has an impact on forest conservation, since most of raw materials for paper pulp are coming from woods in the forest. The objective of this study is to utilize coconut fronds as agricultural solid waste as raw material for making art paper. The method used to make the paper is chemical pulp, which including pulping and bleaching, as well as art paper molding. The prepared art paper was then characterized by tensile strength test, strength test stretch and grammature. The art paper samples that have been prepared met the minimum SNI grammature of 100 g/m2. While, for the best tensile resistance test was about 19,800 for sample 30/75. Meanwhile, the best stretch resistance test was 0.955 for sample 60/75.
Failure Mechanism Analysis and prevention of Silver Electrode Corrosion
Authors: Zhang Lei , Jiang Baihong , Jiao Dacheng , Yuan Tao , Peng Guangrui , Wu Xian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the failure mechanism of sulfide corrosion of a batch of silver electrodes was studied by means of environmental simulation test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy spectrum analysis (EDS), micro-CT, infrared spectroscopy analyzer(FTIR), pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and specific surface area (BET) analysis. The results showed that the H2S in the air entered the silver electrode surface through the rubber by the adsorption and permeation effects, and corroded the silver electrode. What’s more, The change of pore size in silicone rubber will affect the H2S corrosion reaction. The smaller the pore, the higher the specific surface area and the more polar H2S molecules adsorbed by rubber. So the special pore distribution of the size of the intercalation was beneficial to reduce the diffusion resistance of H2S molecules in rubber. The above analysis results also provided ideas and direction for the improvement of silicone rubber. The pore distribution of silicone rubber could be controlled by controlling the viscosity and the surface drying time of the glue solution, so as to ensure the filling effect of the silicone rubber and prevent the corrosion failure of the silver electrode.
Geophysical survey of landslide movement and mechanism in Gorontalo Outer Ring Road, Gorontalo
Authors: Usman F C A , Manyoe I N , Duwingik R F , Kasim D N P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Gorontalo infrastructure development focus on improving transport efficiency through the development of Gorontalo Outer Ring Road (GORR). The Government has set the cost 750 billion rupiahs for GORR and planned will be completed by 2019 but constrained by landslides. This research aims to reconstruct and identify the type and mechanism of a landslide at GORR. The result of this research is landslide type and mechanism in the research area. The method used is 2-dimensional electrical resistivity sounding with Wenner-Schlumberger configuration. Landslide mechanism is analyzed based on the resistivity value table on Vingoe resistivity value supported by geological data. Based on geophysical data, subsurface conditions showed blocks of limestone with a resistivity value about 132 Ωm and marked red-purple colors. These blocks of limestone interpreted as the result of the weathering process and buried in weathered clastic limestone. Landslide movement type is sliding movement and concluded as a rockslide. There is a potential for subsurface landslide blocks occur caused by the weathering process on fractures in the research area. The future prevention steps are by increasing the surface water absorption by planting in the geotextiles or prevent water infiltration in the landslide area. In addition, manufacturing retaining wall is also required.
Enhanced removal of heavy metals using sorbent and Phragmites australis
Authors: Bien Nguyen Quoc , Hoang Ha Nguyen Thi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Water pollution by heavy metals has currently been an increasing worldwide concern. This study was conducted to assess the removal efficiency of a treatment system using sorbent and common reed (Phragmites australis). Approximately 1400 g of sorbent that was modified from Ban Cuon iron mine drainage sludge by adding 10% sodium silicate solution and heating at 400 °C was put in a column of 1.8l. The initial concentrations of As and Cd in inflow water were 1.0 mg/l, those of Pb, Mn, and Zn were 6.0 mg/l. During 30 days of the laboratory experiment, aqueous solution of constant flow rate (50 l/day) was pumped through the sorbent column before flowing into surface and horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands using P. australis. The results showed that the removal efficiency of As, Cd, Mn, Pb and Zn by sorbent – surface constructed wetland were 83.0 – 89.5, 89.3 – 93.3, 69.7 – 98.0, 94.8 – 95.4, and 69.2 – 92.3%, respectively; those by sorbent – subsurface constructed wetland were 85.3 – 89.1, 98.5 – 98.7, 92.8 – 98.7, 95.5 – 96.0, and 93.1 – 96.2%. The concentrations of heavy metals in the outlet water met the National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater of Vietnam (QCVN 40:2011–BTNMT) with the exception of As, which indicates the effectiveness of combined sorbent and P. australis for simultaneous removal of these metals from contaminated water.
Distribution of heavy metals in sediment along the Southern coast of Vietnam
Authors: Tu Nguyen P C , Ha Nguyen N , Tri Nguyen N , Dong Nguyen V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The heavy metals (HM), particularly As, Cd, Pb and Hg, are considered most toxic to biota and environment. In this study, spatial and seasonal distribution of HMs (Cd, Pb, Hg and As) were measured in two sediment fractions (< 63 μm and 63 – 500 μm) collected in the farming area of blood cockle. A total of 104 sediment sampled along the Southern coast of Vietnam between December 2012 and July 2015 were examined. The average concentrations (μg/g) of As, Cd, Pb and Hg in sediment fraction of 63 – 500 μm ranged from 4.16 to 16.8, < 0.004 to 0.219, 9.52 to 17.3 and 0.031 to 0.076, respectively. While, the mean levels (μg/g) of As, Cd, Pb and Hg in sediment fraction of < 63 μm ranged from 4.59 to 12.8, < 0.004 to 0.187, 9.94 to 14.6 and 0.042 to 0.080, respectively. Generally, no statistically significant differences were found for concentrations of HMs in both fractions between two seasons and among provinces. The concentrations of HMs analyzed in sediment were compared to quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life recommended by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) and the Vietnamese organizations (QCVN 43 : 2012/BTNMT). HM levels in all samples were lower than the Vietnamese regulation and the probable effect level in the CCME guideline. However, As levels in 67/103 and 84/104 of two fractions of < 63 μm and 63 – 500 μm, respectively, exceeded the threshold effect level of 7.24 μg/g in the CCME standard. It suggested that As accumulated in sediment in these provinces could be harmful to the aquatic organism.
Development of Bioadsorbent Chitosan from Shrimp Shell Waste to Mercury Absorption Efficiency
Authors: Lukum Astin , Paramata Yoseph , Botutihe Deasy N , Akume Jefrin , Sukamto Kostiawan , Paramata Arfiani Rizki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aims to develop chitosan bioadsorben from shrimp shell waste that is applied to water samples in unlicensed mining activities in the Bone River of Gorontalo Province. The properties of chitosan were characterized, such as the determination of water content, ash content, solubility test and determination of acetylation degree by using FTIR. Prior to the application of chitosan products into samples in unlicensed mines locations, a qualitative metal mercury test was conducted on the samples using specific reagents for mercury metals, namely HCl, KI, NaOH, and NH3. The result showed that chitosan deacetylation degree was 73.88%, characterization test fulfilled chitosan standard requirement that was ash content 0.4%, water content 6.48% and soluble in acetic acid. Chitosan products from shrimp shell waste can be used as an environmentally friendly bioadsorbent that can reduce the level of mercury metal in the unlicensed mining activities in the Bone River of Gorontalo Province by 54.90%.
Temperature dependence for purification of leachate containing heavy metals by phytoremediation using the artificial channel
Authors: Okazaki K , Kurahashi T , Yamazaki S , Sakakibara M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Concentrations of heavy metals leach from soil and rock excavated at civil engineering construction sites occasionally exceed the environmental criteria value in Japan. The phytoremediation is one of the techniques for cleaning up contaminated environments. The Eleocharis acicularis is tolerant plant of a wide variety of heavy metals, and it absorbs and accumulates these metals and has been proven to be effective in mine effluent treatment. In this study, we conducted a purification experiment using an artificial channel to know the ability of the E. acicularis to absorb and accumulate heavy metals due to differences in temperature. The drainage containing arsenic flowing out of the embankment flowed into the artificial channel at different periods of average temperature. As a result of experiments, the arsenic content of the E. acicularis were confirmed increasing in 3.4 mg/kg in the summer and 2.3 mg/kg in the winter. These values are corresponding with 0.8% in the summer and in 0.3% in the winter for the arsenic gross weight of the displacement according to each season. Thus, the arsenic absorption ability of the E. acicularis was able to grasp by the artificial channel experiment.
Sociodemographic Attributes and Dependency on Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining: the Case of Rural Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: Komatsu Satoru , Tanaka Katsuya , Sakakibara Masayuki , Arifin Yayu Indriati , Pateda Sri Manovita , Manyoe Intan Noviantari 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this research is to investigate the livelihoods of villagers of rural Gorontalo, where limited job opportunities and poor infrastructure impede improvements in rural settlements. The research focused on rural regions where small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities are prevalent in the economy. Given the associated complexities of the livelihoods of the villagers, the paper pays particular attention to household income and its sources and then examines associations with key socioeconomic variables, focusing especially on the contribution of educational development. The questionnaire survey was conducted among households in five villages of rural Gorontalo in August 2017, and 310 effective samples were collected. The results indicate that more affluent households receive a higher proportion of income from formal public sectors, such as government institutions. The source of income from mining accounts for approximately 20%, which is almost constant across the income quartiles. Fractional logit models were employed to examine the dependency of household income on mining. The estimation results indicate that educated households depend less on mining income than do uneducated households. Households with young household heads receive less income from mining than do those with old household heads. The paper implies that low educational attainments are related to a higher dependency on mining, probably due to limited job opportunities in the formal sector. Therefore, improvements in educational attainment are associated with a reduced dependency on the mining sector. The results yield key information for formulating policies for remote villages where a substantial improvement in rural livelihoods is pivotal to reduce dependency in the context of poor ASGM regions.
Environmental Risk and Health Hazardous Substances in Artisanal Small-Scaled Gold Mining in Sekotong, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Novianti S , Abdurrachman M , Claudia D , Basuki NI 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Gold (Au), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) are mined within Indonesia’s Archipelago as predominantly a mineral-rich country. Au is the worthiest metals compare to all these minerals over the years. Because of that reason, gold mining is one of major economic activity in Indonesia participated through by large-scale, artisanal and small-scale entities Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) has been a source of chances for employment and subsistence to thousands of people. On the contrary, artisanal small-scale gold mining contributes to serious environmental and health issues for miners, nearby populations, and larger society when the use of mercury (Hg) occurs. This study aims to review environmental risk and health-hazardous substances in Artisanal Small-Scaled Gold Mining in Sekotong, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia which also emphasized geological data from the former study. The results showed that Sekotong’s ASGM area is centered by three hydrothermal alteration halos developing from proximal argillic, distal propylitic and superimposed advance argillic alteration also capped by ore mineralization. A high-dense mineralized stockwork of quartz vein as the main characterization founded. Under those circumstances, pledge local miners around the area to execute the prospects without knowing self-assessment and investigation. In conclusion, Sekotong’s ASGM area became one of the shortlisted areas that investigating the effects of mercury on the environment and people’s health signifies urgently necessary for developing a better solution to eliminate further mercury contamination to the environment in Sekotong’s ASGM area due to the extraction of the prospects before another catastrophe befalls.
Eco-Biger (Ecopreneur Biodigester) is Right Digester Innovation for Houshold to Increase People’s Welfare in Indonesia
Authors: Syahroni A K , Roby W T , Rahmanda T 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Indonesia could produce 13 million organic waste, even this makes the potential of methane gas can be biogas and even its slurry can be composted too, people who are indifferent to it. Therefore, Eco-Biger innovation is required that maximizes the potential of organic waste even Eco-Biger is able to educate people to reduce the use of fossil energy and technology-based. The purpose of writing this scientific paper is (1) to find out how Eco-Biger works, (2) to know the strategy of realizing SDG’s appropriately through Eco-Biger, and (3) to know Eco-Biger implementation technique. The method used is research R&D (research development) with data collection techniques that is, observation, literature study and interview with recipient kalpataru in Pasuruan. The results is; (1) organic waste is fed through the input hose on Eco-Biger, then the waste will be fermented and produce methane gas and the gas will be piped through the installation pipe for use; (2) Eco-Biger transforms organic waste into biogas. It supports the 7th and 13th goals of SDG’s on clean and affordable Energy and climate change mitigation. and (3) Implementation, production, testing, cooperation with stakeholder and distribution, socialization, training user, and evaluation.
Customary Practices of Musyawarah Mufakat: An Indonesian Style of Consensus Building
Authors: Anggita Citra , Hatori Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Musyawarah Mufakat is a form of Indonesian native culture of consensus building. It has been adopted as one of the foundational philosophical theories of the Indonesian state (Pancasila) and become a method of decision making system in the Indonesian government. The traditional system, however, could be inconsistent with more modernized and western democratic system, which has been introduced especially in urban areas through the period of Indonesian independence and democratization, known as the Reformation Era. Previous studies have not explained clearly the characteristic of Musyawarah Mufakat and examined its association with the concept of modern democratization. In this research, we investigated the real situation of Musyawarah Mufakat in rural areas and explored relevant characteristic of Musyawarah Mufakat through qualitative interview and observation on Musyawarah Mufakat in three areas in Java Island (Osing people, Tenggerese people and Kampung Naga people) and literature reviews on Musyawarah Mufakat. We then considered the way to realize a modernized decision making in accordance with the traditional style of decision making; what kind of conflict can occur when the local government ignores Musyawarah Mufakat, how to settle the conflict between democracy and Musyawarah Mufakat, and what decision makers should pay attention when making and implementing policy in Indonesia were discussed.
Monitoring and Evaluation of Fish Quality Standard Compliance
Authors: Dali Faiza A , Husain Rahim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Fresh fish is a major prerequisite for consumers to be consumed as a side dish or as a raw material in the technology of fishery products. This study aims to determine the compliance of fishery producers, especially fish sellers in maintaining the standard of fresh fish quality, in order to remain eligible for consumption. The research method used survey method (direct observation) at the location. The survey location is in the Sentral market of Gorontalo city. Data analysis was done descriptively qualitative based on Indonesian National Standard of fresh fish. Based on the results of monitoring and evaluation shows that the process of procurement of fresh fish is good enough in implementing standards, which means internally does not indicate quality deviations. When fresh fish began to be marketed, the results of monitoring and evaluation showed a less than optimal value, meaning that the effect of decreasing the quality of fresh fish is more dominant due to external factors.
Concentration of Pb, Sn and Fe Metals on Milk Products and Canned Fish in Gorontalo City
Authors: Rewini Wiwin Kunusa , Thomas Nurain , Silaban Doly Prima , Iyabu Hendrik , Taupik Muhammad 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aims to determine the levels of Lead (Pb), Tin (Sn) and Iron (Fe) in milk products and canned fish at the markets around Gorontalo City. A total of 16 samples of infant formula and canned fish were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (method. The calibration curves showed regression value r = 0.9997 (Sn), r = 0.9965 (Fe), r = 0.9995 (Pb). LOD and LOQ value is Pb=0.09 and 0.11, Sn=1.81 and 2.23, Fe=0.07 and 0.13. The result showed that in infant formula concentration of Pb and Sn were lower than LOD value ppm and concentrations of Fe were obtained 6.91 ppm, 8.09 ppm, 11.07 ppm, 12.27 ppm, 6.79 ppm, 10.27 ppm, 5.96 ppm, 1.57 ppm. In canned fish concentration of Pb and Sn were lower than LOD value and Fe metal of 1-8 samples obtained 12.99 ppm, 8.24 ppm, 11.20 ppm, 15.67 ppm, 7.11 ppm, 11.56 ppm, 19.24 ppm, and 14.99 ppm. Dissensus that the concentration of Fe> Sn> Pb metal in infant formula and canned milk samples. Health Risk Analysis Index (HRI) value in infant formula and canned fish skin samples were <1, so can be assumed these products safe to consume infant formula.
Investigation of Cartesian Routing for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks
Authors: Al-sofy Karam mheidy , Al-Talib Sahar Abdulaziz 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, are a pilotless aircraft that does not require any direct human intervention for flying. It can move autonomously based on its pre-programmed software, or can be remotely controlled. Besides its basic plane components, it also contains some computing devices and sensors for determining its position and for gathering information from the mission area. Flying Ad hoc Networks (FANET) are comprised of autonomous flying vehicles. It is a special case of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) characterized by a high degree of mobility. One of the most difficult and complex challenges facing FANETs is the routing process. To achieve this goal the Cartesian Orientation Protocol is used. The Cartesian routing protocol exploits geographic information for UAVs rather than using the address to direct packets to its destination. In this work, the most prominent algorithms based on geographic location has been highlighted that have been adapted to work in a three-dimensional environment and implemented in a common scenario and evaluated through several measures such as Packet Delivery Ratio, Path Dilation and End-to-End Delay.
Intelligent Controllers of Multiple Effect Evaporators via Simulation
Authors: Ahmed Duraid F. , Khalaf Zainab A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study deals with studying the dynamics and control of multiple effect evaporators by implementing two intelligent controllers for the evaporation of caustic soda. A mathematical model for evaporator is derived based on mass and energy balance. A dynamic model is designed using “MATLAB/Simulink” program based on the mathematical model derived. The intelligent controllers in this study are fuzzy and neural networks and compared with PID controller. The results showed that a good improvement for caustic soda system is achieved when the fuzzy logic with seven membership functions and neural predictive controllers are used because these methods have more suitable, lower over shoot, less offset value and less integral absolute error within range.
The effect of green roof on improving the environmental efficiency for the residential buildings in Baghdad city
Authors: Hassan Susan Abed , Husain Saad Ismail 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Previous studies had proposed the environmental advantages of green roofs applications for the cities. This research investigated the effect of the green roof on improving the environmental efficiency for the residential buildings in Baghdad city as an example for hot aired climate. The research studied in practical applications of roof planting which represented by planting pots with Ficus plant on special desks designed contained the pots on the same type of traditional roof type, and compares it cooling loads and thermal properties with a traditional roof for a residential building. The results showed that cooling energy lost for green roof were lower in about 64% as compared to traditional roof. Also the recorded temperatures for the interior roof surface and the air temperature for the green roof were lower by 8 °C in summer months as compared to the traditional roof, while the green roof were moderate temperatures in about 3 °C for winter months.