bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast reconstruction with superior epigastric artery perforator (SEAP) free flap: Report of two cases
Authors: Mountziaris Paschalia M. , Patel Ashit , Rezak Kristen M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap is the gold standard for autologous breast reconstruction. When the DIEP pedicle is damaged, alternative perforator flaps are harvested from sites with less donor tissue, such as the thigh. Pedicled superior epigastric artery perforator (SEAP) flaps have been recently described for reconstruction of inferior partial breast defects. The purpose of this report is to show the surgical technique of the free SEAP flap for reconstruction of the entire breast in two patients. The authors describe two patients where the DIEP pedicle was unavailable. The first patient was 53 years old, with body mass index (BMI) 22.7, while the second patient was 60 with BMI 32.4. The donor site was marked as for a DIEP, and two lateral row perforators were selected in each case. Flaps were designed to cross the midline, with adequate perfusion confirmed via indocyanine green angiography. Both flaps were rotated 90° counterclockwise for inset into the chest. Flap size and weight for the two patients were: 24 × 15 cm and 350 g; and 25 × 15 cm and 400 g. Both patients had a routine postoperative course without complications. Length of follow‐up was 155 and 158 days, respectively. We believe that the free SEAP flap is a promising technique in select patients who require an alternative to the DIEP for autologous breast reconstruction.
Dual‐band dual‐polarized leaky‐wave structure with forward and backward beam scanning for circular polarization‐flexible antenna application
Authors: Rudramuni Karthik , Majumder Basudev , Kandasamy Krishnamoorthy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a novel dual‐band dual‐polarized leaky‐wave antenna (LWA) with polarization diversity is proposed using half mode substrate‐integrated waveguide (HMSIW)‐based technology. HMSIW LWAs are generally single band. In this work, by etching simple spiral type slots on the HMSIW cavity, a novel dual‐band dual‐polarized LWA is designed. The proposed antenna resonates at 5.6 and 8.5 GHz. Moreover, the antenna radiates the linearly polarized wave in the lower band and circularly polarized (CP) wave in the higher operating band. Also, in the higher operating band between 8.7 and 9.3 GHz, the proposed overall antenna exhibits both right‐hand circular polarization as well as the left‐hand circular polarization in the near main beam direction. The −10 dB impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna at the lower and the higher operating bands are 27% (4.86‐6.4 GHz) and 25% (7.4‐9.6 GHz), respectively. In the higher band, the 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth of 6.6% (8.7‐9.3 GHz) is achieved. The main beam of the antenna can be steered from 19° to 69° in the forward direction in the lower operating band. In the higher operating band, the antenna can steer the CP beam between −17° and −32°. In both the lower bands, the realized peak gain is observed around 13.3 dBi, whereas in the higher band, the realized peak gain is observed around 14 dBi.
GAN and dual‐input two‐compartment model‐based training of a neural network for robust quantification of contrast uptake rate in gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Simeth Josiah , Cao Yue 
Published: January 2020

PurposeGadoxetic acid uptake rate (k1) obtained from dynamic, contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising measure of regional liver function. Clinical exams are typically poorly temporally characterized, as seen in a low temporal resolution (LTR) compared to high temporal resolution (HTR) experimental acquisitions. Meanwhile, clinical demands incentivize shortening these exams. This study develops a neural network–based approach to quantitation of k1, for increased robustness over current models such as the linearized single‐input, two‐compartment (LSITC) model.MethodsThirty Liver HTR DCE MRI exams were acquired in 22 patients with at least 16 min of postcontrast data sampled at least every 13 s. A simple neural network (NN) with four hidden layers was trained on voxel‐wise LTR data to predict k1. Low temporal resolution data were created by subsampling HTR data to contain six time points, replicating the characteristics of clinical LTR data. Both the total length and the placement of points in the training data were varied considerably to encourage robustness to variation. A generative adversarial network (GAN) was used to generate arterial and portal venous inputs for use in data augmentation based on the dual‐input, two‐compartment, pharmacokinetic model of gadoxetic acid in the liver. The performance of the NN was compared to direct application of LSITC on both LTR and HTR data. The error was assessed when subsampling lengths from 16 to 4 min, enabling assessment of robustness to acquisition length.ResultsFor acquisition lengths of 16 min NRMSE (Normalized Root‐Mean‐Squared Error) in k1 was 0.60, 1.77, and 1.21, for LSITC applied to HTR data, LSITC applied to LTR data, and GAN‐augmented NN applied to LTR data, respectively. As the acquisition length was shortened, errors greatly increased for LSITC approaches by several folds. For acquisitions shorter than 12 min the GAN‐augmented NN approach outperformed the LSITC approach to a statistically significant extent, even with HTR data.ConclusionsThe study indicates that data length is significant for LSITC analysis as applied to DCE data for standard temporal sampling, and that machine learning methods, such as the implemented NN, have potential for much greater resilience to shortened acquisition time than directly fitting to the LSITC model.
An off‐policy approach for model‐free stabilization of linear systems subject to input energy constraint and its application to spacecraft rendezvous
Authors: Gu Juan , Zhou Jianzhong 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis note is concerned with the problem of stabilizing a class of linear continuous‐time systems with completely unknown system dynamics subject to input energy constraint. To deal with this problem, a model‐based low gain feedback law is designed firstly by establishing a special algebraic Riccati equation. Such a low gain feedback law can semiglobally stabilize the linear systems subject to input energy constraint with the exact system model. In order to relax the assumption that the system model is exactly known, an off‐policy reinforcement learning approach is designed to solve the same problem without requiring the completely knowledge of the system dynamics. Finally, in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model‐free approach, simulation result on the spacecraft rendezvous problem is introduced.
Proteomic Analysis of DNA Synthesis on a Structured DNA Template in Human Cellular Extracts: Interplay Between NHEJ and Replication‐Associated Proteins
Authors: Janel‐Bintz Régine , Kuhn Lauriane , Frit Philippe , Chicher Johana , Wagner Jérôme , Haracska Lajos , Hammann Philippe , Cordonnier Agnès M 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt is established that short inverted repeats trigger base substitution mutagenesis in human cells. However, how the replication machinery deals with structured DNA is unknown. It has been previously reported that in human cell‐free extracts, DNA primer extension using a structured single‐stranded template is transiently blocked at DNA hairpins. Here, the proteomic analysis of proteins bound to the DNA template is reported and evidence that the DNA‐PK complex (DNA‐PKcs and the Ku heterodimer) recognizes, and is activated by, structured single‐stranded DNA is provided. Hijacking the DNA‐PK complex by double‐stranded oligonucleotides results in a large removal of the pausing sites and an elevated DNA extension efficiency. Conversely, DNA‐PKcs inhibition results in its stabilization on the template, along with other proteins acting downstream in the Non‐Homologous End‐Joining (NHEJ) pathway, especially the XRCC4‐DNA ligase 4 complex and the cofactor PAXX. Retention of NHEJ factors to the DNA in the absence of DNA‐PKcs activity correlates with additional halts of primer extension, suggesting that these proteins hinder the progression of the DNA synthesis at these sites. Overall these results raise the possibility that, upon binding to hairpins formed onto ssDNA during fork progression, the DNA‐PK complex interferes with replication fork dynamics in vivo.
Hydrogen bonding interactions induced excited state proton transfer and fluoride anion sensing mechanism for 2‐(3,5‐dichloro‐2,6‐dihydroxy‐phenyl)‐benzoxazole‐5‐carboxylicacid
Authors: Yang Guang , Jin Xiaofeng , Chen Kaifeng , Yang Dapeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present work explores and reports photo‐induced behavior and excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process for the novel 2‐(3,5‐dichloro‐2,6‐dihydroxy‐phenyl)‐benzoxazole‐5‐carboxylicacid (DICH) compound. Our theoretical investigation implies that two intramolecular hydrogen bonds (O1─H2···N3 or O4─H5···O6) of DICH form are strengthening in the first excited state by comparing bond lengths, bond angles, and infrared (IR) spectra, which may facilitate the ESIPT process effectively. Particularly, the changes of O1─H2···N3 are bigger than O4─H5···O6, which demonstrates that the ESIPT is more likely to happen along with O1─H2···N3. Within the framework of MOs analysis, intramolecular charge transfer phenomenon can be found, which could be a reasonable evidence for confirming the occurrence of the ESPT process in the S1 state. We theoretically construct the potential energy curves for DICH system based on fixing both O1─H2 and O4─H5 bond lengths and optimizing structures in both S0 and S1 states. Through the comparisons of potential barriers among stable configurations, we confirm the S1‐state DICH‐PT1 (proton‐transfer tautomer along with O1─H2···N3) should be the most reasonable configuration ascribed to previous experimental emission peak. Furthermore, we also predict and explain the fluoride‐sensing mechanism for DICH system that the deprotonation reaction bringing from fluoride anion inhibits the initial ESIPT process of DICH, which results in the novel changes of ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectra that plays the roles in fluorescence response. We sincerely hope this work could provide essential insights into the design and function of ESIPT as well as florescence sensor for optoelectronic applications.
Modified processes capability assessment with dynamic mean shift
Authors: Wu Chia‐Huang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRapid advancements in manufacturing technology have seen electronic products becoming lighter and thinner. This has led to production yield requirements of sawing processes in the semiconductor industry becoming increasingly strict. For sawing processes requiring a very low fraction of defective, the process capability index Cpk is widely applied for production yield measurement under the assumption of process stability. However, in practice, even when the typical control charts are implemented, dynamic and unobserved natures of the actual process mean shift may occur. Since the trial control limits are established with reference to random samples, the associated performances are also with uncertainty because of sampling error. In this paper, we investigate the effects of parameter estimation error on the development of the phase I control chart and further compare three methods with various estimators for the process standard deviation. Then, we tabulate the modified adjustment magnitudes for the dynamic Cpk under various subgroup sizes and sample sizes. On the basis of the simulation results, the proposed method can avoid overestimating the true process capability and make more trustworthy decisions. Finally, for demonstration purposes, an application of process capability measures for a sawing process is presented.
Synthesis and Molecular Modelling Studies of Coumarin and 1‐Aza‐Coumarin Linked Miconazole Analogues and Their Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Sutar Suraj M. , Savanur Hemantkumar M. , Malunavar Shruti S. , Pawashe Geeta M. , Aridoss Gopalakrishnan , Kim Kang Min , Lee Jin Young , Kalkhambkar Rajesh G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA series of coumarin and 1‐Aza coumarin analogues of miconazole(5 a‐6 e) were synthesized from 2‐bromo‐1‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)ethanone and diversification was achieved by synthesizing coumarin‐benzimidazole(7 a‐7 e) and 1‐aza coumarin‐benzimidazole(8 a‐8 e) hybrids of miconazole and evaluated for in‐vitro anti‐microbial activities. Among the tested compounds, 8 b‐8 e were found to be effective as anti‐fungal against C. albicans, C. utilis and C. krusei, with activity compared to that of the standard. Comparative docking studies with mevalonate‐5‐diphosphatedecarboxylase shows better binding affinity than imidazole counterparts which is primarily attributed to extended π‐alkyl interactions facilitated by benzimidazole.
Modified Quinoxaline‐Fused Oleanolic Acid Derivatives as Inhibitors of Osteoclastogenesis and Potential Agent in Anti‐Osteoporosis
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Chao , Shen Qi , Zhu Ming‐Wu , Wang Jie , Du Yun , Wu Jing , Li Jian‐Xin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOsteoporosis is one of the most common diseases for aged people, posing a heavy burden to our aging society. Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis is a main strategy to prevent bone loss or bone micro architecture deterioration caused by postmenopausal osteoporosis. In current study, a series of quinoxaline‐fused oleanolic acid (QOA) derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their inhibitory activity on receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclastogenesis was evaluated using a cell‐based tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assay. The most potent compound, QOA derivative 5 l, showed an IC50 at 62.4 nM, and cytotoxicity assay of bone marrow‐derived monocyte/macrophage (BMDMs) suggested that the inhibition of 5 l on osteoclast differentiation was not due to its cytotoxicity. More importantly, 5 l attenuated bone loss in the bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) mice model, and preliminary mechanism study indicated that 5 l affected the early stage of osteoclastogenesis. Our data demonstrated that these QOA derivatives might serve as potential leads for the development of new anti‐osteoporosis agents.
SnS2/Bi4Ti3O12 Heterostructure Material: A UV‐Visible Light Active Direct Z‐Scheme Photocatalyst for Aqueous Phase Degradation of Diazinon
Authors: Das Krishnendu , Majhi Dibyananda , Bariki Ranjit , Mishra Braja G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, a series of Z‐scheme SnS2/Bi4Ti3O12 heterostructure photocatalyst materials were synthesized by a two‐step process. Initially, Bi4Ti3O12 (BT) nanopellets with planar dimension of 350–400 nm were prepared by a facile combustion synthesis route. The SnS2 nanoparticles (10–20 nm) were subsequently decorated over BT surface using a hydrothermal method. The heterostrucure materials possess orthorhombic BT and hexagonal SnS2 crystalline phases with high interfacial contact and strong interaction at microscopic level. Optical and photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements suggest improved UV‐visible light absorption and enhanced charge carrier separation and migration properties. The SnS2/Bi4Ti3O12 materials displayed excellent photocatalytic activity for degradation of diazinon insecticide (>90 % with kapp ∼0.019 min−1) in aqueous media under UV‐visible light illumination. The valence band (VB) holes and •OH radicals were identified as major transient species responsible for photodegradation of diazinon. A Z‐scheme electron transfer process has been proposed to explain adequately the generation of these radicals which was deduced from PEC measurements, scavenger and radical trapping experiments. Mechanistic study revealed that diazinon degradation occured in a series of steps to produce 2‐isopropyl‐6‐methyl‐pyrimidin‐4‐ol as a major intermediate which was further mineralized over the photocatalyst surface. The process potential of the developed photocatalytic method has been tested for different water matrices and interfering anionic species with radical quenching activity.
Alloy Foam‐Derived Ni0.86Fe2.14O4 Hexagonal Plates as an Efficient Electrochemical Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kong Xiaoxing , Lei Jinlong , Cao Qinghe , Liu Fenggang , Xie Chuqi , Huang Miao , Xu Xingdong , Wang Jiahai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSynthesis of binary electrocatalysts from substrates is ideal for further integration of water‐splitting electrodes. The seamless growth of an electrocatalyst directly from an alloy substrate would provide excellent mechanical behavior and lower interface resistance. Herein, a three‐dimensional (3D) intertwined Ni0.86Fe2.14O4 hexagonal plate electrocatalyst as the active site for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was successfully prepared by seamless growth and direct synthesis on Ni−Fe foam (NFF) via a hydrothermal route. Ni0.86Fe2.14O4/NFF exhibited excellent OER electrochemical properties, achieving a low overpotential of 286 mV to reach a current density of 200 mA cm−2 and prominent electrochemical durability. The synergistic effect between Ni and Fe in Ni0.86Fe2.14O4 and the seamless connection between Ni0.86Fe2.14O4 and the substrate make main contribution to excellent OER activity for the electrode system. This synthesis strategy provides a route for the synthesis of binary metal‐oxide electrocatalysts from alloys, which can be extended to other binary electrocatalysts.
Core‐Shell Fe3O4@Carbon@SO3H: A Powerful Recyclable Catalyst for the Synthesis of α‐2‐Deoxygalactosides
Authors: Jiang Nan , Dong Youxian , Sun Guosheng , Yang Guofang , Wang Qingbing , Zhang Jianbo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA method for the preparation of 2‐deoxygalactosides by using a novel magnetic core‐shell material Fe3O4@C@SO3H as a catalyst was developed. The method had the advantages of short reaction time (1–4 h), good to excellent yield (69–93 %), high stereoselectivity (α:β >30 : 1), one‐pot synthesis of trisaccharides. Moreover, the catalyst retained good catalytic activity after five times recycling, and the yield did not change significantly.
Preparation of Starch Citrates Using Solvent Free Reaction and Comparison with Aqueous and Ethanol Mediated Reactions
Authors: Ganesh Aditya , Singh Bhavana , Duttagupta Arijit , Kalita Dipankar , Zhong Yuyue , Blennow Andreas , Singh Harinder 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCorn starch is modified with citric acid (2.5% w/w) in aqueous, alcoholic media and in solid solid reaction (dry heat condition without any solvent). Degree of substitution is similar for both treatments, independent of use of solvent but higher than for dry heated starch citrate. Apparent amylose content of all starch citrates is higher than for native starch. Molecular weight, as determined by triple detection size exclusion chromatography, also decreases, demonstrating hydrolysis of chains. As a consequence, starch citrate prepared using dry heating and ethanol, as compared to aqueous media, show drastic reduction in pasting viscosity. X‐ray diffraction pattern and morphology of the produced starch granules remain unaltered in all three reaction types. Starch citrates prepared using solvent less reactions show similar characteristics as that of conventional hydrolysis performed using concentrated hydrochloric acid. However, the solid solid hydrolytic reaction process using citric acid is far more environmental friendly and less costly than typical conventional hydrolysis processes. The present study is not only useful for starch systems but more generally for studying reactions in, for example, gums and cellulose.
Normal appearances and dimensions of the foetal cavum septi pellucidi and vergae on in utero MR imaging
Authors: Jarvis Deborah , Griffiths Paul David 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to provide normative data about the appearances and dimensions of the cavum septi pellucidi and vergae (CSPV) on in utero MR (iuMR) imaging in second and third trimester foetuses.

Methods
Two hundred normal foetuses (from a low-risk pregnancy, with normal ante-natal USS findings and no intracranial abnormality of iuMR) had iuMR imaging between 18 and 37 gestational weeks (gw). The anatomical features on those studies were compared with published atlases of post-mortem foetal brains. The length, width and volume of the CSPV were measured in all foetuses.

Results
The anatomy of the CSPV and its relationship with the corpus callosum and the fornices on iuMR imaging was comparable with post-mortem data at all gestational ages studied. The length of the CSPV increased throughout pregnancy, whereas the width and volume of CSPV reached a maximum between 29 and 31 gw and then showed a reduction later in pregnancy.

Conclusion
The iuMR imaging features of the CSPV and its close anatomical relations closely correspond to post-mortem data. The CSPV was patent in all cases but we have shown that closure commences in the midpart of the third trimester and advances in a posterior to anterior direction.
The Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Margin Re‐excision in Breast‐Conserving Surgery
Authors: Devane Liam A , Baban Chwanrow K , O'Doherty A , Quinn Cecily , McDermott Enda W , Prichard Ruth S 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) can improve cosmesis by reducing resection volume. Breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) aims to achieve clear excision margins while optimizing cosmesis. However, the influence of NAC on margin re‐excision after BCS is unclear. This study examines the rate and determinants of margin re‐excision in patients undergoing BCS following NAC in our institution.MethodsFrom 2011–2015, all patients treated with NAC prior to BCS were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Mann–Whitney and Fisher's exact test tests were used to compare variables in patients who did and did not require re‐excision. Patients undergoing primary surgical treatment in 2015 comprised an unmatched comparison group.ResultsOf 211 patients treated with NAC, 69 initially underwent BCS. The re‐excision rate was 32% (n = 22) compared to 17% in the primary operable group (38 of 221, p = 0.02). Re‐excision rates were lowest in triple‐negative and HER2+ tumors (0% and 10%, respectively). Lobular carcinoma and ER+ tumors had a significantly higher rate of re‐excision (100% and 42%, respectively). Of 22 patients undergoing re‐excision, 9 had further BCS and 13 had a mastectomy.ConclusionThe re‐excision rate following NAC is almost twice that of patients who underwent primary operative management. Her2+ and triple‐negative tumors have lower re‐excision rates and may represent a selected cohort most suitable for BCS. Patients with invasive lobular carcinoma or ER+ disease have significantly higher rates of margin positivity, and these patients should be considered for a cavity shave during primary surgery to reduce the rates of re‐excision.