bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance Trifunctional Electrocatalysts Based on FeCo/Co2P Hybrid Nanoparticles for Zinc–Air Battery and Self‐Powered Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Shi Qing , Liu Qiao , Ma Yu , Fang Zhi , Liang Zhao , Shao Gang , Tang Bin , Yang Weiyou , Qin Lin , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCurrently, it is still a significant challenge to simultaneously boost various reactions by one electrocatalyst with high activity, excellent durability, as well as low cost. Herein, hybrid trifunctional electrocatalysts are explored via a facile one‐pot strategy toward an efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The catalysts are rationally designed to be composed by FeCo nanoparticles encapsuled in graphitic carbon films, Co2P nanoparticles, and N,P‐codoped carbon nanofiber networks. The FeCo nanoparticles and the synergistic effect from Co2P and FeCo nanoparticles make the dominant contributions to the ORR, OER, and HER activities, respectively. Their bifunctional activity parameter (∆E) for ORR and OER is low to 0.77 V, which is much smaller than those of most nonprecious metal catalysts ever reported, and comparable with state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C and RuO2 (0.78 V). Accordingly, the as‐assembled Zn–air battery exhibits a high power density of 154 mW cm−2 with a low charge–discharge voltage gap of 0.83 V (at 10 mA cm−2) and excellent stability. The as‐constructed overall water‐splitting cell achieves a current density of 10 mA cm−2 (at 1.68 V), which is comparable to the best reported trifunctional catalysts.
Changing body norms in the context of increasing body size: Samoa in 1995 and 2018
Authors: To Sophie B. , Brewis Alexandra A. , Pomer Alysa , Naseri Take , Reupena Muagututia S. , McGarvey Stephen T. , Hawley Nicola L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo understand how body size preferences changed in Samoa between 1995 and 2017 to 2019.MethodsData were from adults aged from 31 to 59 years, who participated in two separate cross‐sectional studies of obesity and cardiometabolic risk conducted in Samoa in 1995 and 2017 to 2019. Participants nominated line drawings representing their current size, ideal size, the most attractive and healthiest size, and the lower/upper limits of “normal” size.ResultsIn both sexes, body size preferences and perceived current average body size have increased, yet preference for bodies smaller than one's perceived current size has persisted. Furthermore, the range of body sizes that people considered “normal” has narrowed, suggesting decreased tolerance for extremes of body size.ConclusionsThese findings may have implications for mental and physical health outcomes, inform development of future health initiatives, and contribute to a deeper understanding of how body norms and weight‐related public health efforts interface.
First analysis of mitochondrial lineages from the eastern Pampa–Patagonia transition during the final late Holocene
Authors: Postillone María Bárbara , Martínez Gustavo , Flensborg Gustavo , Dejean Cristina B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveStudies on population genetics have become highly relevant for understanding the evolutionary history of human settlement in southern South America. The eastern Pampa–Patagonia transition is an area that stands out due to its complex population dynamics, especially during the last about 1,000 years BP. The aim of this work is to characterize the maternal lineages of individuals buried in the Paso Alsina 1 archaeological site (ca. 500 years BP) through the analysis of mitochondrial genetic variability, in order to discuss the population models previously proposed for the southern cone of South America.MethodsMitochondrial HyperVariable Region I sequences were analyzed on teeth belonging to 20 adult individuals. Statistical analyses were carried out to compare the interpopulation and intrapopulation molecular variability between the results obtained in this work and those previously published data from pre‐Hispanic human groups. D1 haplotype network was constructed drawing from data on ancient and extant population group samples.ResultsThirteen sequences (65%) were obtained from the 20 analyzed samples. The maternal lineages or subhaplogroups identified were D1g (69.24%), C1 (15.38%), D1 (7.69%), and D1j (7.69%). There was low haplotype variability within the site; some individuals could be matrilineally related.DiscussionThe subhaplogroups registered in Paso Alsina 1 site are in accordance with those reported for ancient and contemporary Patagonian populations. The results suggest that an initial nucleus of individuals carrying mostly subhaplogroup D1g settled in northern Patagonia, from which local diversity of this matrilineage could have arisen. The existence of gene flow in the final late Holocene with groups from Northern Andean Patagonia, as well as from Central Argentina, is proposed. The D1j variant probably developed in the latter region.
Nasal vestibular body treatment for recalcitrant nasal obstruction
Authors: Ibrahim Nour , Tyler Matthew A. , Borchard Nicole A. , Rathor Aakanksha , Nayak Jayakar V. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe nasal vestibular body (NVB) is a recently reported dynamic swell body present in the inferolateral internal nasal valve. The contribution of NVB presence to persistent nasal obstruction, and effects of NVB treatment, are undefined.MethodsThirty‐five patients with recalcitrant nasal obstruction and NVB presence were retrospectively reviewed between 2013 and 2019, including 25 patients (48 sides) who had NVBs reduced via radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and 10 patients (20 sides) who had untreated NVBs. Posttreatment healing and complications were reviewed at early (<1 month) and late (mean, 7.3 months) time‐points after RFA of the NVB. A subset of the NVB‐treatment patients (18 of 25 patients) were compared with 10 NVB‐control patients for pre‐/posttreatment outcomes using 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) and subdomain scoring.ResultsNVBs were successfully reduced in 100% of cases (48 of 48 sides) over both time‐points. Early sequelae of NVB treatment, such as local crusting (22 of 23, 95.6%) and bone exposure (4 of 23, 17.3%), resolved by the late time‐point, with complete remucosalization (23 of 23, 100%) of all NVB treatment sites. No persistent pain, sensory loss, or pyriform aperture stenosis was noted from any patient/side. Significant reductions between mean pre‐ and postoperative SNOT‐22 (−24, p = 0.001) and individual subdomain (−2, p = 002) scores were seen in the NVB‐treatment patients compared to the reductions in NVB‐controls (−8 and −1, respectively, both p > 0.001).ConclusionNVB treatment using RFA is safe and highly effective, providing complete swell body reduction with only transient local morbidity. NVB presence contributes to persistent/recalcitrant nasal obstruction, with significant improvement in nasal airway function noted after NVB soft tissue reduction.
Ligand‐Supported Facile Conversion of Uranyl(VI) into Uranium(IV) in Organic and Aqueous Media
Authors: Faizova Radmila , Fadaei‐Tirani Farzaneh , Bernier‐Latmani Rizlan , Mazzanti Marinella 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReduction of uranyl(VI) to UV and to UIV is important in uranium environmental migration and remediation processes. The anaerobic reduction of a uranyl UVI complex supported by a picolinate ligand in both organic and aqueous media is presented. The [UVIO2(dpaea)] complex is readily converted into the cis‐boroxide UIV species via diborane‐mediated reductive functionalization in organic media. Remarkably, in aqueous media the uranyl(VI) complex is rapidly converted, by Na2S2O4, a reductant relevant for chemical remediation processes, into the stable uranyl(V) analogue, which is then slowly reduced to yield a water‐insoluble trinuclear UIV oxo‐hydroxo cluster. This report provides the first example of direct conversion of a uranyl(VI) compound into a well‐defined molecular UIV species in aqueous conditions.
Effect of chlorination and fluorination of benzothiadiazole on the performance of polymer solar cells
Authors: Zhou Yubing , Qin Yuancheng , Ni Cailing , Xie Yu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn order to explore the effects of chlorine and fluorine on photophysical properties and the differences, in this work, we synthesized five new polymers, P1–P5, in which benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b]dithiophene as the electron donating and benzothiadiazole as electron withdrawing. Analysis of these five polymers showed that the introduction of Cl and F atoms can deeper the highest occupied molecular orbital of these polymers and enhance the absorption of light by the species, thereby improving Voc and Jsc. Chlorination has a stronger ability to reduce energy levels and broaden the absorption spectrum compared to fluorination. Among them, P2 showed an efficiency of 4.08% with Jsc of 11.28 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.79 V, and fill factor (FF) of 0.45. Since chlorination is easier than fluorination in terms of synthesis, it is advantageous for practical applications. Therefore, we think that chlorination should not be ignored when designing high efficiency photovoltaic materials, especially when their fluorinated counterparts have proven to have good properties.
Fabrication and characterization of silane‐functionalized Na‐bentonite polysulfone/polyethylenimine nanocomposite membranes for dye removal
Authors: Saki Seda , Senol‐Arslan Dilek , Uzal Nigmet 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)‐functionalized Na‐bentonite incorporated into polysulfone/polyethylenimine (PSF/PEI) membranes were fabricated by phase inversion method for the efficient removal of methylene blue dye. For the preparation of PSF/PEI nanocomposite membranes, silane‐functionalized Na‐bentonite and pure Na‐bentonite were used at three different concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 wt%). The prepared membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, porosity, hydrophilicity, and water permeability measurements. Antifouling behaviors and methylene blue dye rejections of the PSF/PEI nanocomposite membranes were also tested. The obtained results showed that the addition of pure Na‐bentonite and silane‐functionalized Na‐bentonite both increased the water permeability of the membranes. The PSF/PEI membrane containing 2 wt% silane‐functionalized Na‐bentonite showed the highest water flux of 105 L m−2 h−1, while the lowest water flux of 1.2 L m−2 h−1 was recorded for pure PSF membrane. Filtration results demonstrated that the antifouling capacity was significantly increased due to the negatively charged surface of the newly generated silane‐functionalized Na‐bentonite PSF/PEI membranes. In summary, TEOS‐functionalized Na‐bentonite can be used to fabricate PSF/PEI nanocomposite membranes with effective filtration ability, antifouling capacity with lower decay ratio, higher flux recovery ratio, and 99% methylene blue dye removal performance.
Synthesis and properties of castor oil‐based polyurethane containing short fluorinated segment
Authors: Li Jia‐Wun , Cheng Yung‐Hsin , Lee Hsun‐Tsing , Wang Chyung‐Chyung , Chiu Chih‐Wei , Suen Maw‐Cherng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study successfully incorporated a short‐segment fluorine‐containing chain extender (2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoro‐1,4‐butanediol [TF]) into castor oil‐based polyurethane (COPU) to synthesize TF/COPUs. The interactions between TF and COPU components were identified by Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies, the results revealed that the increase in the TF content increased the van der Waals forces in CF…CO and the hydrogen bonding force in CF…HN. Atomic force microscopy indicated that the addition of more TF contributed to a higher level of microphase separation in the TF/COPUs. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the TF component can enhance the thermal resistance of TF/COPUs. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of TF/COPUs increased with the TF content. The stress–strain testing showed that the tensile strength and elongation at break values decreased with the TF content. This tensile behavior may be due to the molecular weight of a TF/COPU decreased with the TF content as evidenced by the gel permeation chromatography results. The hydrolytic degradation tests of dipping TF/COPUs in 3 wt% NaOH solution indicated that TF could lower the surface free energy and enhance the degradation stability of TF/COPUs.
Enhanced CO2 selectivity of polyimide membranes through dispersion of polyethyleneimine decorated UiO‐66 particles
Authors: Liu Bing , Li Dan , Yao Jie , Sun Hao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBranched polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized UiO‐66 were synthesized and used as fillers to fabricated mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) for CO2/CH4 separation. The purpose of introducing amino‐functional groups in the filler is to improve the interfacial compatibility of the filler with the polymer through the formation of hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl group of 6FDA‐ODA. Additionally, the amino group can facilitate CO2 transport through a reversible reaction, enhancing the CO2/CH4 separation properties of MMM. The chemical structure and morphology of fillers and membranes were characterized by employing X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TGA), Derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, the effects of filler loading and feed pressure on CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity have been investigated. MMMs present higher gas separation performance than pure 6FDA‐ODA due to the presence of amino groups and the improvement of interface morphology. In particular, the MMM with 15 wt% loading of UiO‐66‐PEI shows optimum CO2 permeability of 28.23 Barrer and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 56.49. Therefore, post‐synthetic modification of UiO‐66 particle with PEI is a promising alternative to improved membrane performance.
Organophotoredox‐Catalyzed Cascade Radical Annulation of 2‐(Allyloxy)arylaldehydes with N‐(acyloxy)phthalimides: Towards Alkylated Chroman‐4‐one Derivatives
Authors: Das Sanju , Parida Sushanta Kumar , Mandal Tanumoy , Sing Laxmikanta , De Sarkar Suman , Murarka Sandip 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn organophotoredox catalyzed efficient and robust approach for the synthesis of highly important 3‐alkyl substituted chroman‐4‐one scaffold is developed using visible light induced radical cascade cyclization strategy. The reaction is initiated through the generation of alkyl radicals from N‐(acyloxy)phthalimides under photoredox conditions, which subsequently undergo intermolecular cascade radical cyclization on 2‐(allyloxy)arylaldehydes to afford chroman‐4‐one scaffolds. The presented strategy is attractive with regard to mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity, high functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope.
Analysis of carotenoid profile changes and carotenogenic genes transcript levels inRhodosporidium toruloidesmutants from an optimizedAgrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transformation method
Authors: Sun Zeping , Lv Jing , Ji Chaofan , Liang Huipeng , Li Shengjie , Yang Zhaoxia , Xu Wenhuan , Zhang Sufang , Lin Xinping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRhodosporidium toruloideshas been reported as a potential biotechnological microorganism to produce carotenoids. The most commonly used molecular and genetic manipulation methods based onAgrobacterium‐mediated transformation (ATMT). However, this method was of relatively lower transformation efficiency. In this study, we optimized the ATMT method forR. toruloideson account of the promoter on T‐DNA, the ratio ofA. tumefacienstoR. toruloidesNP11, acetosyringone concentration, cocultivation temperature and time, and a transformation efficiency of 2,369 cells per 105recipient cells was obtained and was 24 times as that of the previous report. With this optimized method, four redder mutants and four yellower mutants were selected out with torularhodin and β‐carotene production preference, respectively. The highest torularhodin production was 1,638.15 µg/g dry cell weight in A1‐13. The yellower mutants were found to divert the metabolic flux from torularhodin and torulene to γ‐carotene and β‐carotene, and the proportion of γ‐carotene and β‐carotene were all over 92%. TAIL‐PCR was carried out to found T‐DNA insertion in these mutants, and insertion hotspot was found. RT‐qPCR results showed thatCTA1 genes in these mutants were closely related to the synthesis of total carotenoids, especially torularhodin, and was a potenial metabolic engineering site in the future.
The effects of procedural integrity errors during auditory–visual conditional discrimination training: A preliminary investigation
Authors: Breeman Samantha L. , Vladescu Jason C. , DeBar Ruth M. , Grow Laura L. , Marano Kathleen E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProcedural integrity errors have widespread implications for the success or failure of behavior analytic interventions. However, previous research has not examined the effects of procedural integrity errors during auditory–visual conditional discrimination with clinical populations. The purpose of this preliminary investigation was to replicate and extend the work of Carroll, Kodak, and Fisher by evaluating the effects of procedural integrity errors compared with perfect integrity during auditory–visual conditional discrimination training with a child with autism spectrum disorder. A descriptive assessment, which identified omission of reinforcement and omission of error correction as the most common clinician errors, informed error selection. The participant required twice as many sessions to master targets taught under low‐integrity conditions compared with those taught under high‐integrity conditions. These results suggest that procedural integrity errors hinder skill acquisition and affect teaching efficiency. Future researchers should evaluate the effects of errors during auditory–visual conditional discrimination training across task arrangements.
Truly continuous low pH viral inactivation for biopharmaceutical process integration
Authors: Martins Duarte L. , Sencar Jure , Hammerschmidt Nikolaus , Flicker Andreas , Kindermann Johanna , Kreil Thomas R. , Jungbauer Alois 
Published: February 2020

AbstractContinuous virus inactivation (VI) has received little attention in the efforts to realize fully continuous biomanufacturing in the future. Implementation of continuous VI must assure a specific minimum incubation time, typically 60 min. To guarantee the minimum incubation time, we implemented a packed bed continuous viral inactivation reactor (CVIR) with narrow residence time distribution (RTD) for low pH incubation. We show that the RTD does not broaden significantly over a wide range of linear flow velocities—which highlights the flexibility and robustness of the design. Prolonged exposure to acidic pH has no impact on bed stability, assuring constant RTD throughout long term operation. The suitability of the packed bed CVIR for low pH inactivation is shown with two industry‐standard model viruses, that is xenotropic murine leukemia virus and pseudorabies virus. Controls at neutral pH showed no system‐induced VI. At low pH, significant VI is observed, even after only 15 min. Based on the low pH inactivation kinetics, the continuous process is equivalent to traditional batch operation. This study establishes a concept for continuous low pH inactivation and, together with previous reports, highlights the versatility of the packed bed reactor for continuous VI, regardless of the inactivation method.
Glycosynthase reaction meets the flow: Continuous synthesis of lacto‐N‐triose II by engineered β‐hexosaminidase immobilized on solid support
Authors: Ruzic Lucija , Bolivar Juan M. , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe D746E variant of Bifidobacterium bifidum β‐N‐acetyl‐hexosaminidase is a promising glycosynthase (engineered glycosidase deficient in hydrolase activity) for the synthesis of lacto‐N‐triose II (LNT II), a core structural unit of human milk oligosaccharides. Here, we develop a flow process for the glycosynthase reaction, which is the regioselective β‐1,3‐glycosylation of lactose from a d‐glucosamine 1,2‐oxazoline donor. Using the glycosynthase immobilized on agarose beads (∼30 mg/g) packed into a fixed bed (1 ml), we show stable continuous production of LNT II (145–200 mM) at quantitative yield from the donor substrate. The wild‐type β‐N‐acetyl‐hexosaminidase used under exactly comparable conditions gives primarily (∼85%) the hydrolysis product d‐glucosamine. By enabling short residence times (2 min) that are challenging for mixed‐vessel types of reactor to establish, the glycosynthase flow reactor succeeds in an effective uncoupling of the LNT II formation (∼80–100 mM/min) from the slower side reactions (decomposition of donor substrate, enzymatic hydrolysis of LNT II) to obtain optimum synthetic efficiency. Our study thus provides a strong case for the application of flow chemistry principles to glycosynthase reactions and by that, it reveals the important synergy between enzyme and reaction engineering for biocatalytic synthesis of oligosaccharides.
Statistical modeling of cell‐to‐cell variability in viral infection during passaging in suspension cell culture: Application in Monte‐Carlo simulation
Authors: Saxena Abha , Ravutla Suryateja , Upadhyay Vikas , Jana Soumya , Murhammer David , Giri Lopamudra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPackaging during the passaging of viruses in cell cultures yields various phenotypes and is regulated by viral protein expression in infected cells. Although such a packaging mechanism has a profound effect in controlling the virus yield, little is known about the underlying statistical models followed by virus packaging and protein expression among cells infected with the virus. A predictive framework combining identification of the probability density function (PDF) based on log‐likelihood and using the PDF for Monte‐Carlo simulations is developed. The Birnbaum–Saunders distribution was found to be consistent with all three‐virus packaging levels, including nucleocapsids/occlusion‐derived virus (ODV), ODVs/polyhedra, and polyhedra/cell for both wild‐type and genetically modified AcMNPV. Next, it was demonstrated that PDF fitting could be used to compare two viruses having distinctly different genetic configurations. Finally, the identified PDF can be incorporated in RNA synthesis parameters for baculovirus infection to predict the cell‐to‐cell variability in protein expression using Monte‐Carlo simulations. The proposed tool can be used for the estimation of uncertainty in the kinetic parameter and prediction of cell‐to‐cell variability for other biological systems.