bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting sporadic Alzheimer's disease progression via inherited Alzheimer's disease‐informed machine‐learning
Authors: Franzmeier Nicolai , Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Benzinger Tammie , Goate Alison , Karch Celeste M. , Fagan Anne M. , McDade Eric , Duering Marco , Dichgans Martin , Levin Johannes , Gordon Brian A. , Lim Yen Ying , Masters Colin L. , Rossor Martin , Fox Nick C. , O'Connor Antoinette , Chhatwal Jasmeer , Salloway Stephen , Danek Adrian , Hassenstab Jason , Schofield Peter R. , Morris John C. , Bateman Randall J. ,   the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI),   the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), Ewers Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionDeveloping cross‐validated multi‐biomarker models for the prediction of the rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a critical yet unmet clinical challenge.MethodsWe applied support vector regression to AD biomarkers derived from cerebrospinal fluid, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), amyloid‐PET and fluorodeoxyglucose positron‐emission tomography (FDG‐PET) to predict rates of cognitive decline. Prediction models were trained in autosomal‐dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD, n = 121) and subsequently cross‐validated in sporadic prodromal AD (n = 216). The sample size needed to detect treatment effects when using model‐based risk enrichment was estimated.ResultsA model combining all biomarker modalities and established in ADAD predicted the 4‐year rate of decline in global cognition (R2 = 24%) and memory (R2 = 25%) in sporadic AD. Model‐based risk‐enrichment reduced the sample size required for detecting simulated intervention effects by 50%–75%.DiscussionOur independently validated machine‐learning model predicted cognitive decline in sporadic prodromal AD and may substantially reduce sample size needed in clinical trials in AD.
Biosynthetically Inspired Syntheses of Secu′amamine A and Fluvirosaones A and B
Authors: Lee Sanghyeon , Kang Gyumin , Chung Garam , Kim Dongwook , Lee Hee‐Yoon , Han Sunkyu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPresented here is a concise synthesis of secu′amamine A, and fluvirosaones A and B from readily available allosecurinine and viroallosecurinine. The key C2‐enamine derivative of (viro)allosecurinine, the presumed biosynthetic precursors of these natural products, was accessed, for the first time, by a VO(acac)2‐mediated regioselective Polonovski reaction. Formal hydration and 1,2‐amine shift of this pluripotent enamine compound afforded secu′amamine A. Formal oxidative [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between this enamine and TMS‐substituted methallyl iodide reagent paved the way to the precursors of fluvirosaones A and B. The relative stereochemistry at the C2 position of these advanced intermediates governs the fate of 1,2‐amine shift leading to fluvirosaones A and B. The syntheses of potential biosynthetic precursors and investigations of their chemical reactivities have provided insights regarding the biogenesis of these natural products.
Supramolecular Photocatalysis by Utilizing the Host–Guest Charge‐Transfer Interaction: Visible‐Light‐Induced Generation of Triplet Anthracenes for [4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Uchikura Tatsuhiro , Oshima Mari , Kawasaki Minami , Takahashi Kohei , Iwasawa Nobuharu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSupramolecular photocatalysis via charge‐transfer excitation of a host–guest complex was developed by use of the macrocyclic boronic ester [2+2]BTH‐F containing highly electron‐deficient difluorobenzothiadiazole moieties. In the presence of a catalytic amount of [2+2]BTH‐F, the triplet excited state of anthracene was generated from the charge‐transfer excited state of anthracene@[2+2]BTH‐F by visible‐light irradiation, and cycloaddition of the excited anthracene with several dienes and alkenes proceeded in a [4+2] manner in high yields.
Rapid Nondestructive Analysis of Intact Canola Seeds Using a Handheld Near‐Infrared Spectrometer
Authors: Barthet Véronique J. , Petryk Michael W.P. , Siemens Bert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe near‐infrared (NIR) models for canola quality were developed with samples from Canadian canola seeds harvested in 2016 and 2017. All calibration models were first tested on a 2017 external validation sample set. The handheld NIR spectrometer used in this study has a limited wavelength range 908.1–1676.2 nm; however, the validation results showed that it could be used to predict several important parameters that defined canola seed quality. Final testing was performed using calibration models with the least number of factors on a second external canola validation sample set (2018 harvest). Some calibration models showed excellent stability and predictive powers with R2val values of 0.94–0.99 (i.e., oil, protein, oleic acid and iodine value) and low SEPs for both external validation sample sets. The α‐linolenic acid model had an R2val of 0.93 when applied to the 2017 external validation set, the correlation fell slightly to 0.88 when applied to the 2018 external validation sample set, potentially indicating a slight instability in the model. The prediction model for total glucosinolate was not very good, but still could be used to segregate the samples into low or high glucosinolate samples. Finally, the predictive models for chlorophyll and total saturates were unusable. The chlorophyll model was very unstable, likely due to the instrument's limited wavelength range.
The linear tearing properties of biaxially oriented PA6/MXD6 blending films
Authors: Lin Fenglong , Hao Xihai , Liu Yuejun , Song Lijun , Liu Xiaochao , Fan Shuhong , Liao Guihe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe main purpose of this work was to investigate the linear tearing properties of PA6/MXD6 films prepared by simultaneous biaxial stretching. The compatibility between PA6 and MXD6 and the thermal properties of the PA6/MXD6 composites were also investigated. The results showed that the tearing deviation of the blending films decreased from 100 to 3.8% when the MXD6 blend ratio increased from 0 to 25%, but the deviation increased when the MXD6 blend ratio continue to increase. It means that the PA6/MXD6 films with addition of 25 wt% MXD6 exhibited the best linear tearing properties. The differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that the addition of MXD6 reduced the melting temperature from 227.5 to 224.8°C and crystallization temperature of PA6 from 179.3 to 175°C due to the benzene ring structure of MXD6. The dynamic mechanical analysis results indicated that MXD6 exhibits favorable compatibility with PA6. In addition, it was found that the barrier properties of the biaxially oriented PA6/MXD6 films were extremely improved with the increase of MXD6 content.
Neural Mechanisms of Social and Nonsocial Reward Prediction Errors in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kinard Jessica Lynn , Mosner Maya Gelman , Greene Rachel Kirsten , Addicott Merideth , Bizzell Joshua , Petty Chris , Cernasov Paul , Walsh Erin , Eisenlohr‐Moul Tory , Carter Ronald McKell , McLamb Marcy , Hopper Alissa , Sukhu Rebecca , Dichter Gabriel Sviatoslav 
Published: February 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired predictive abilities; however, the neural mechanisms subsuming reward prediction errors in ASD are poorly understood. In the current study, we investigated neural responses during social and nonsocial reward prediction errors in 22 adolescents with ASD (ages 12–17) and 20 typically developing control adolescents (ages 12–18). Participants performed a reward prediction error task using both social (i.e., faces) and nonsocial (i.e., objects) rewards during a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Reward prediction errors were defined in two ways: (a) the signed prediction error, the difference between the experienced and expected reward; and (b) the thresholded unsigned prediction error, the difference between expected and unexpected outcomes regardless of magnitude. During social reward prediction errors, the ASD group demonstrated the following differences relative to the TD group: (a) signed prediction error: decreased activation in the right precentral gyrus and increased activation in the right frontal pole; and (b) thresholded unsigned prediction error: increased activation in the right anterior cingulate gyrus and bilateral precentral gyrus. Groups did not differ in brain activation during nonsocial reward prediction errors. Within the ASD group, exploratory analyses revealed that reaction times and social‐communication impairments were related to precentral gyrus activation during social prediction errors. These findings elucidate the neural mechanisms of social reward prediction errors in ASD and suggest that ASD is characterized by greater neural atypicalities during social, relative to nonsocial, reward prediction errors in ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 715–728. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryWe used brain imaging to evaluate differences in brain activation in adolescents with autism while they performed tasks that involved learning about social and nonsocial information. We found no differences in brain responses during the nonsocial condition, but differences during the social condition of the learning task. This study provides evidence that autism may involve different patterns of brain activation when learning about social information.
Emerging Trends in Microfluidics Based Devices
Authors: Solanki Shipra , Pandey Chandra M. , Gupta Rajinder K. , Malhotra Bansi D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOne of the major challenges for scientists and engineers today is to develop technologies for the improvement of human health in both developed and developing countries. However, the need for cost‐effective, high‐performance diagnostic techniques is very crucial for providing accessible, affordable, and high‐quality healthcare devices. In this context, microfluidic‐based devices (MFDs) offer powerful platforms for automation and integration of complex tasks onto a single chip. The distinct advantage of MFDs lies in precise control of the sample quantities and flow rate of samples and reagents that enable quantification and detection of analytes with high resolution and sensitivity. With these excellent properties, microfluidics (MFs) have been used for various applications in healthcare, along with other biological and medical areas. This review focuses on the emerging demands of MFs in different fields such as biomedical diagnostics, environmental analysis, food and agriculture research, etc., in the last three or so years. It also aims to reveal new opportunities in these areas and future prospects of commercial MFDs.
Association between CD47 expression, clinical characteristics and prognosis in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Arrieta Oscar , Aviles‐Salas Alejandro , Orozco‐Morales Mario , Hernández‐Pedro Norma , Cardona Andrés F. , Cabrera‐Miranda Luis , Barrios‐Bernal Pedro , Soca‐Chafre Giovanny , Cruz‐Rico Graciela , Peña‐Torres María de Lourdes , Moncada‐Claudio Guadalupe , Ramirez‐Tirado Laura‐Alejandra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveCD47 is an antiphagocytic molecule that contributes to tumor cell resistance in host immune surveillance. CD47 overexpression correlated with tumor progression and shorter survival in lung cancer. However, the expression and functional significance of CD47 in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) has not been completely understood.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective study, CD47 expression was immunohistochemically examined in tumor biopsies from 169 NSCLC patients. The association of CD47 levels (H‐score) with clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes was evaluated.ResultsCD47 protein was detected in 84% of patients with a median expression of 80% (0‐100). Tumor CD47 levels above 1% and 50% were found in 84% and 65.7% of patients, respectively. While, median CD47 staining index was 160 (0‐300). Patients were divided into two groups according to CD47 expression (high or low), using a cutoff value of 150. High CD47 expression was associated with wood smoke exposure (71.1% vs 28.9%, P = .013) and presence of EGFR (+) mutations (66.7% vs 33.3%, P = .04). Survival analysis carried out in the whole population did not show any association of CD47 expression and survival outcome. However, in patients with EGFR (+) mutations, CD47 expression was associated with higher progression‐free survival (PFS) (12.2 vs. 4.4 months, P = .032). When the survival analysis was performed according to CD47 levels (cut off value: 150), both, PFS and overall survival (OS) were shortened in patients with a high expression of CD47 (10.7 vs. NR, P = .156) and (29.2 vs. NR months P = .023), respectively.ConclusionsCD47 overexpression is not a prognostic factor for PFS and OS in NSCLC patients. However, the presence of EGFR mutations and high expression of CD47 were associated with shortened PFS and OS. Coexpression of these markers represents a potential biomarker and characterizes a therapeutic niche for lung cancer.
Complex individual pathways or standard tracks? A data‐based discussion on the trajectories of change in psychotherapy
Authors: Schiepek Günter , Gelo Omar , Viol Kathrin , Kratzer Leonhard , Orsucci Franco , de Felice Giulio , Stöger‐Schmidinger Barbara , Sammet Isa , Aichhorn Wolfgang , Schöller Helmut 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveCurrent approaches of routine outcome monitoring (session‐by‐session measures) expect that trajectories of change should move on a standard track. Patients moving out of standard tracks are assumed to be at risk of deterioration. From a nonlinear dynamic systems perspective, there is not any assumption regarding a supposed standard track a patient should follow. Individual trajectories should be more complex than averaged tracks, highly individual, and characterised by pattern transitions.MethodWe tested if high‐frequency (daily) trajectories of change are moving on standard tracks, if there are different complexity levels of high‐ versus low‐frequency time series, if ‘not on track' dynamics will be correlated with poor outcome and if complexity peaks representing the critical instabilities of a process will be correlated with the outcome. The patients included in the data analysis (N = 88) used the Therapy Process Questionnaire (TPQ) for daily self‐assessments and the ICD‐10‐based Symptom Rating (ISR) for outcome evaluation.ResultsHigh‐frequency trajectories are not running on standard tracks and are not necessarily correlated with poor outcome. Locally increased complexity may be associated with good outcome.ConclusionIt may be useful to move beyond the concept of standard tracks and expected treatment outcomes. Routine feedback procedures should use the information that is given by the nonlinear dynamics of multiple change criteria.
Emotions at primary school: Negative achievement emotions and their relation with emotional competencies in ethnic minority and majority students
Authors: Raccanello Daniela , Brondino Margherita , Trifiletti Elena , Shamloo Soraya Elizabeth 
Published: February 2020

AbstractScarce attention has been paid to ethnic minority students' emotions and related competencies at school. Nevertheless, theoretical frameworks such as the control–value theory underline the importance of achievement emotions for students' performance and well‐being. We involved minority (n = 63) and majority (n = 103) students attending the first, third, and fifth grade of primary school. We assessed negative achievement emotions (anxiety, anger, embarrassment, boredom, and hopelessness), emotion understanding, and emotion regulation. Factorial analyses supported the goodness of the structure of a questionnaire measuring the five achievement emotions in Italian and mathematics and its invariance across minority and majority students. Analyses of variance indicated that minority students felt more intense anger, embarrassment, and boredom for Italian and anxiety and embarrassment for mathematics. Path analyses revealed that emotion understanding and emotion regulation were significantly related to achievement emotions. Findings are discussed for their theoretical and applied relevance in promoting well‐being at school among minority and majority students.
Molar and nonmolar triploidy: Recurrence or bad luck
Authors: Robinson Brianne , Brock Jo‐Ann , Midgen Craig , Coolen Jillian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn triploid pregnancies, the parental origin of the extra genome determines the phenotype and placental and fetal outcomes. Molecular genetics and placental pathology enable differentiation of molar vs nonmolar pregnancy to guide future planning.
Array Microcell Method (AMCM) for Serial Electroanalysis
Authors: Alden Sasha E. , Siepser Natasha P. , Patterson Jacqueline A. , Jagdale Gargi S. , Choi Myunghoon , Baker Lane A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is Lane A. Baker's group from the Department of Chemistry at Indiana University (USA). The cover picture shows a method described for addressing electrode arrays through a movable micropipette to contact individual electrodes within an array (electrodes lithographically defined to look like Texas longhorns in this case). Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201901976.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative C≡C Triple Bond Cleavage of 2‐Alkynyl Carbonyl Compounds Toward 1,2‐Dicarbonyl Compounds†
Authors: Zhou Ming‐Bo , Luo Mu‐Jia , Hu Ming , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: February 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionA new, general palladium‐catalyzed oxidative strategy for the cleavage of the C≡C triple bond is presented. By employing PdCl2, CuBr2, TEMPO and air as the catalytic system and H2O as the carbonyl oxygen atom source, a wide range of 2‐alkynyl carbonyl compounds, including 1,3‐disubstituted prop‐2‐yn‐1‐ones, propiolamides and propiolates, lost an alkynyl carbon to access various 1,2‐dicarbonyl compounds, e.g., 1,2‐diones, 2‐keto amides and 2‐keto esters, through Wacker oxidation, intramolecular cyclization and C—C bond cleavage cascades.
Covalent Complex of DNA and Bacterial Topoisomerase: Implications in Antibacterial Drug Development
Authors: Tiwari Purushottam B. , Chapagain Prem P. , Seddek Ahmed , Annamalai Thirunavukkarasu , Üren Aykut , Tse‐Dinh Yuk‐Ching 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA topoisomerase‐DNA transient covalent complex can be a druggable target for novel topoisomerase poison inhibitors that represent a new class of antibacterial or anticancer drugs. Herein, we have investigated molecular features of the functionally important Escherichia coli topoisomerase I (EctopoI)‐DNA covalent complex (EctopoIcc) for molecular simulations, which is very useful in the development of new antibacterial drugs. To demonstrate the usefulness of our approach, we used a model small molecule (SM), NSC76027, obtained from virtual screening. We examined the direct binding of NSC76027 to EctopoI as well as inhibition of EctopoI relaxation activity of this SM via experimental techniques. We then performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the dynamics and stability of EctopoIcc and EctopoI‐NSC76027‐DNA ternary complex. Our simulation results show that NSC76027 forms a stable ternary complex with EctopoIcc. EctopoI investigated here also serves as a model system for investigating a complex of topoisomerase and DNA in which DNA is covalently attached to the protein.
Personalized design technique for the dental occlusal surface based on conditional generative adversarial networks
Authors: Yuan Fulai , Dai Ning , Tian Sukun , Zhang Bei , Sun Yuchun , Yu Qing , Liu Hao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe tooth defect is a frequently occurring disease within the field of dental clinic. However, the traditional manual restoration for the defective tooth needs an especially long treatment time, and dental computer aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) systems fail to restore the personalized anatomical features of natural teeth. Aiming to address the shortcomings of existed methods, this article proposes an intelligent network model for designing tooth crown surface based on conditional generative adversarial networks. Then, the data set for training the network model is constructed via generating depth maps of 3D tooth models scanned by the intraoral. Through adversarial training, the network model is able to generate tooth occlusal surface under the constraint of the space occlusal relationship, the perceptual loss, and occlusal groove filter loss. Finally, we carry out the assessment experiments for the quality of the occlusal surface and the occlusal relationship with the opposing tooth. The experimental results demonstrate that our method can automatically reconstruct the personalized anatomical features on occlusal surface and shorten the treatment time while restoring the full functionality of the defective tooth.
Dynamic resource provisioning for workflow scheduling under uncertainty in edge computing environment
Authors: Xu Xiaolong , Cao Hao , Geng Qingfan , Liu Xihua , Dai Fei , Wang Chuanjian 
Published: February 2020

SummaryEdge computing, an extension of cloud computing, is introduced to provide sufficient computing and storage resources for mobile devices. Moreover, a series of computing tasks in a mobile device are set as structured computing processes and flows to achieve effective management by the workflow. However, the execution uncertainty caused by performance degradation, service failure, and new service additions remains a huge challenge to the user's service experience. In order to address the uncertainty, a software‐defined network (SDN)‐based edge computing framework and a dynamic resource provisioning (UARP) method are proposed in this paper. The UARP method is implemented in the proposed framework and addresses the uncertainty through the advantages of SDN. In addition, the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm‐III is employed to optimize two goals, that is, the energy consumption and the completion time, to obtain balanced scheduling strategies. The comparative experiments are performed and the results show that the UARP method is superior to other methods in addressing the uncertainty, while reducing energy consumption and shortening the completion time.
Proton Conduction in a Single Crystal of a Phosphonato‐Sulfonate‐Based Coordination Polymer: Mechanistic Insight
Authors: Javed Ali , Wagner Thorsten , Wöhlbrandt Stephan , Stock Norbert , Tiemann Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe proton conduction properties of a phosphonato‐sulfonate‐based coordination polymer are studied by impedance spectroscopy using a single crystal specimen. Two distinct conduction mechanisms are identified. Water‐mediated conductance along the crystal surface occurs by mass transport, as evidenced by a high activation energy (0.54 eV). In addition, intrinsic conduction by proton ′hopping′ through the interior of the crystal with a low activation energy (0.31 eV) is observed. This latter conduction is anisotropic with respect to the crystal structure and seems to occur through a channel along the c axis of the orthorhombic crystal. Proton conduction is assumed to be mediated by sulfonate groups and non‐coordinating water molecules that are part of the crystal structure.