bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidentally Discovered COVID-19 in Low Suspicion Patients
Authors: Xiao Nicholas , Abboud Samir , McCarthy Danielle M , Parekh Nishant 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has been responsible for thousands of deaths worldwide. Testing remains at a premium, and criteria for testing remains reserved for those with lower respiratory infection symptoms and/or a known high-risk exposure. The role of imaging in COVID-19 is rapidly evolving, however few algorithms include imaging criteria, and it is unclear what should be done in low-suspicion patients with positive imaging findings.MethodsFrom 03/01/2020-03/20/2020, a retrospective review of all patients with suspected COVID-19 on imaging was performed. Imaging was interpreted by a board-certified, fellowship trained radiologist. Patients were excluded if COVID-19 infection was suspected at the time of presentation, was the reason for imaging, or if any lower respiratory symptoms were present.ResultsEight patients with suspected COVID-19 infection on imaging were encountered. Seven patients received testing due to suspicious imaging findings with subsequent lab-confirmed COVID-19. No patients endorsed prior exposure to COVID-19, or recent international travel. COVID-19 was suggested in six patients incidentally on abdominal CT and two on chest radiography. At the time of presentation, no patients were febrile and seven endorsed gastrointestinal symptoms. Five COVID-19 patients eventually developed respiratory symptoms and required intubation. Two patients expired during the admission.ConclusionsPatients with imaging findings suspicious for COVID-19 warrant prompt RT-PCR testing even in low clinical suspicion cases. The prevalence of disease in the population may be underestimated by the current paradigm of RT-PCR testing with the current clinical criteria of lower respiratory symptoms and exposure risk.
Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Pentose-Sugar-Based Chiral 2-Substituted-1H-Benzimidazoles
Authors: Halder Samiran 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A metal catalyzed synthetic protocol has been developed using Ti(OBu)4-CeCl3 combo catalyst for chemoselective cyclocondensation cumoxidation under mild reaction conditions toward synthesis of a new class of optically pure compounds, 2-(6-benzyloxy-2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-furo[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-6a,10a-dihydro-1H-anthra[1,2-d] imidazole-6,11-dione. All pentose-sugar-based aldehydes react with varies substituted dimethyl, 4-benzoyl and benzoquinoyl o-aromatic diamines (OAD) to afford desired chiral benzimidazoles with excellent isolated yield (77%-88%). In this suitable method chiral 2-Substituted-1H-Benzimidazoles were syntheses in high yields without using any hazardous chemicals or harmful acids. Normal aromatic aldehyde also reacts with varies o-aromatic diamines (OAD) give rise to known 2-Aryl-1H-benzimidazoles. All the target chiral 2-Substituted-1H-Benzimidazoles were characterized by FT-IR, NMR spectral and HR-MS data and also verified M.P of normal aromatic 2-Substituted-1H-benzimidazoles from literature.
New perspectives into the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 disease
Authors: Liu Chun , Zeng FanXin , Wang PingXi , Wu HuaPing , Deng ShuKai , Liu JinPing , Liu Dan , Gao Qiang , Xiang ChunFeng , Zeng FanWei , Zhen XiangDe 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
COVID-19 has become a global pandemic, but with very little is known about it. In this single-centered, retrospective study, we collected all 37 confirmed cases of COVID-19 diagnosed in Dazhou, Sichuan, China from January 23 to February 25, 2020，and analyzed the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. All of the cases were either imported from Wuhan and transmitted in family clusters. The average age of the patients was 45.76 ± 13.1 years. The average duration of pharyngeal swabs was 20.65 ± 6.7 days. Four (10.8%) patients were asymptomatic, 33 (89.1%) patients had increased lactic acid, 17 (45.9%) patients had increased fibrinogen C (Fib-C), and 5 (13.5%) patients had increased D-Dimers. 29 (87.9%) cases were positive for new coronavirus-specific antibodies, 4 (10.8%) cases were positive for viral nucleic acid in stool samples, 1 (2.7%) patient had positive culture of Klebsiella pneumonia. Therefore, we can predict that Lopinavir/ritonavir and abidol may not be effective in treating COVID-19.Elevated lactic acid, Fib-C, and D-dimer in patients may be predictors of disease progression. The new coronavirus-specific IgM and IgG antibodies can help to diagnose the disease. We need to pay attention to the risks posed by fecal nucleic acid positive patients.Authors Chun Liu, FanXin Zeng, and PingXi Wang contributed equally to this work.
Reconsidering initial Pb in titanite in the context of in situ dating
Authors: Bonamici Chloë E. , Blum Tyler B. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In situ U-Pb dating of titanite, which can preserve trace-element records of various petrologic processes but also incorporates significant initial Pb, has proliferated in recent years. The widespread use of titanite data to construct tectonic P-T-t paths warrants careful assessment of the available dating techniques, as well as attention to the assumptions that underpin the U-Pb data analysis. This contribution provides the first direct comparison of the two major analytical methods [SHRIMP (SIMS) and LA-ICP-MS] for in situ U-Pb titanite dating. A set of well-characterized titanite grains from Harrisville, New York, in the Adirondack Mountains were analyzed for U-Th-Pb isotopes along the same cross-grain traverses by Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP) and LA-ICP-MS. Both LA-ICP-MS and SHRIMP data sets define approximately linear arrays on the Tera-Wasserburg Concordia (semi-total Pb/U) diagram and would commonly be interpreted as representing a single date population with minor scatter. However, previous studies have suggested that Adirondack titanite actually records two regionally well-defined thermal events, ~50–100 m.y. apart. When titanite data arrays are treated in detail, attempts to determine concordia-intercept ages by robust three-dimensional linear regression produce large uncertainties and/or poor fit statistics that suggest that the data are not, in fact, isochronous. Grain-by-grain analysis of U-Pb titanite data shows that different subsets of titanite (determined by additional geochemical and microstructural data) show different patterns of U-Pb data. By comparing predictions for Pb-ingrowth evolution paths in Tera-Wasserburg diagrams with observed data, it is possible to recognize both a change in initial Pb composition and Pb loss in the Adirondack titanite U-Pb data set. This study provides an example of how greater geochronologic detail can be extracted from large in situ U-Pb titanite data sets. Even when precise dates are not recovered, geological processes and events that cause data scatter can be recognized through analysis of U-Pb data patterns using the Tera-Wasserburg diagram.
High adsorption of fulvic acid by amino modified styrene-type macroporous resin and evaluation of its mechanism
Authors: Zhao Munan , Cui Chongwei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Amino-modified HPD 100 styrene-type macroporous resin (M-HPD 100) was successfully synthesized by the atom transfer radical polymerization process. The modified resin showed excellent performance in the degradation of fulvic acid (FA). FA removal was pH, temperature and flow velocity dependent. The adsorption data could be well interpreted by the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption efficiency for M-HPD 100 obtained from the Freundlich model was 92.5% at 298 K, which was 37% higher than that of unmodified styrene-type macroporous resin (HPD 100). The adsorption process could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The intra-particle diffusion and film diffusion were believed to be the rate-limiting process for both adsorbents. Thermodynamic parameters suggested it was a multi-layer physicochemical process. More importantly, although limited improvements were seen, the results of this study suggested that the surface of resin can be modified with functional groups to enhance the adsorption of FA from aqueous solution and may give other advantages; for example, despite the interference of the pore diffusion coefficient and other substances, M-HPD 100 has excellent regeneration capacity, and the adsorption and desorption efficiency was 74% and 64.28% respectively after six regenerations, which proved it has engineering application value.
Statistics in the Eyes of the Modern Russian Society: Good or Evil?
Authors: Karmanov M. V. 
Published: April 2020

Historically, statistics arose from the needs of society in obtaining information about the state of production, markets for goods and services, labor, as well as from the need to analyze the data for further socioeconomic development. For a long time, statistics have been understood as the science of collecting, processing, and analyzing quantitative indicators on the dynamics of mass phenomena and processes, which is the most important tool for implementing state plans and tasks.One of the classics of statistics, V. Pokrovsky wrote as early as 1874: “... Statistical figures are the best way to verify the correctness and appropriateness of measures used for public improvement. ... But for statistics to be of such importance, it is necessary to use its data with extreme caution and impartiality. ... The widest variety of opinions exists on almost all public issues, and each opinion tries to find support in statistical facts and figures. ... It is not the fault of statistics that every political party uses statistics for its own purposes, that statistics support the most unjust and absurd opinions”. [1]In our time, this statement has not lost its relevance, because very often, using the same statistical indicators, politicians, economists, scientists to justify their point of view, give directly opposite results. But is there a clear understanding of statistics in modern society? What is the value of statistics? What is the statistical literacy of the population? Do people need to learn the language of numbers? In the proposed paper, the author sets out the view on these issues and invites you to join the discussion of the issues raised.
Medicolegal Aspects of Disclosure of Side Effects of Biologic Drugs in Rheumatology: A Pilot Study
Authors: Basheer Ryan , Moufarrej Souheil , Badsha Humeira 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Management of rheumatoid arthritis is complicated due to different disease presentations and the multiplicity of drugs. Although most patients are
informed about the risks of treatment, there remain possible side-effects, which patients are not informed about to avoid the 'information dump.’
Rheumatologists have to balance what they believe is essential to tell patients versus what reasonable patients believe they need to know to make
an informed consent.

Objectives:
To determine differences in information that the physicians give, regarding the possible side effects of treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis,
and what the patients actually want to know.

Methods:
To conduct this pilot study, a questionnaire was devised to assess what patients and prescribing rheumatologists, from the Gulf Cooperative
Council, consider important for being informed about, including the possible adverse events with biologic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis.

Results:
A total of 20 patients and 13 physicians completed the questionnaire. Physicians routinely discussed the increased risk of infections (100%), skin
rashes at injection sites (92%),falling white blood cell counts, and alterations in liver enzymes (84%). Patients were less interested in learning
about infections (72%) and more interested in learning about rare complications, such as an increased risk of heart failure and cancer (81%), which
doctors were less likely to discuss.

Conclusions:
There is a discordance between what doctors inform patients about and what patients want to know regarding the risks of biologic therapy in
rheumatoid arthritis. This information gap can have a significant legal implications in routine practice if a patient develops a rare side effect of
which they have not been informed. We propose a solution of both verbal and signed informed consent to bridge the gap.
Insights into Potent Therapeutical Antileukemic Agent L-glutaminase Enzyme Under Solid-state Fermentation: A Review
Authors: Durthi Chandrasai Potla , Pola Madhuri , Rajulapati Satish Babu , Kola Anand Kishore 
Published: April 2020

Aim & objective:
To review the applications and production studies of reported antileukemic drug
L-glutaminase under Solid-state Fermentation (SSF).

Overview:
An amidohydrolase that gained economic importance because of its wide range of applications in the
pharmaceutical industry, as well as the food industry, is L-glutaminase. The medical applications utilized it as an
anti-tumor agent as well as an antiretroviral agent. L-glutaminase is employed in the food industry as an acrylamide
degradation agent, as a flavor enhancer and for the synthesis of theanine. Another application includes its use in
hybridoma technology as a biosensing agent. Because of its diverse applications, scientists are now focusing on enhancing
the production and optimization of L-glutaminase from various sources by both Solid-state Fermentation
(SSF) and submerged fermentation studies. Of both types of fermentation processes, SSF has gained importance
because of its minimal cost and energy requirement. L-glutaminase can be produced by SSF from both bacteria and
fungi. Single-factor studies, as well as multi-level optimization studies, were employed to enhance L-glutaminase
production. It was concluded that L-glutaminase activity achieved by SSF was 1690 U/g using wheat bran and Bengal
gram husk by applying feed-forward artificial neural network and genetic algorithm. The highest L-glutaminase
activity achieved under SSF was 3300 U/gds from Bacillus sp., by mixture design. Purification and kinetics studies
were also reported to find the molecular weight as well as the stability of L-glutaminase.

Conclusion:
The current review is focused on the production of L-glutaminase by SSF from both bacteria and fungi.
It was concluded from reported literature that optimization studies enhanced L-glutaminase production. Researchers
have also confirmed antileukemic and anti-tumor properties of the purified L-glutaminase on various cell lines.
Evaluation of the Effect of Nigella sativa Oil’s Unsaponifiable Fraction on Oxidative Stress Markers in Carbon Tetrachloride-liver Damage Model
Authors: Guergouri Fatima Z. , Sobhi Widad 
Published: April 2020

Background/Aim:
Liver disease constitutes a public health problem at the global level. This
study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the total oil’s unsaponifiable fraction
(UF) of a medicinal plant called Nigella sativa.

Methods:
The extraction of unsaponifiables from the total seed oil of the medicinal plant Nigella sativa
was carried out according to the standardized methods of the European Pharmacopoeia (Edition
5.0). Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is hepatotoxic with mandatory and predictable action of the indirect
type. Acute poisoning of Male albino rats with 1:1 (v/v) mixture of CCl4 and olive oil (3 ml/Kg b.w.
of rat by subcutaneous injection) induces considerable liver pain.

Results:
Nigella sativa UF is found to be rich in tocopherols; its administration as a curative or preventive
treatment to poisoned animals results in a very significant reduction in transaminases (ALT,
AST) and ALP. Histological study shows that livers are in better condition than those of intoxicated
rats. The statute of enzymes and antioxidant molecules (SOD, CATA, GSH, MDA) has significantly
improved.

Conclusion:
Measurable biological evidence has been given to the use of such extract as effective
substances against hepatic diseases.
Antidiabetic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Ficus glomerata (L.) Roots
Authors: Upadhye Mohini C. , Deokate Uday , Pujari Rohini , Thakare Vishnu 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Ficus glomerata (F. glomerata) Linn. Family Moraceace is a large tree found
all over India including outer Himalayan ranges, Punjab, Chota Nagpur, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal,
Rajasthan, Deccan and also as a common plant in South India. It is planted around the home and temples.
It is cultivated throughout the year, distributed in evergreen forests and moist localities.

Objective:
The Ethanolic Extract of roots of F. Glomerata (EEFG) belonging to the family Moraceace,
was investigated for its antidiabetic activity using alloxan induced diabetic rats.

Methods:
Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups having 6 rats in each group. The alloxan was administered
to the rats of all groups except normal control group through intraperitoneal route at a concentration
of 140mg/kg body weight. A dose of 100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight of EEFG was administered
to alloxan induced diabetic rats. The administration of the extract was lasted for 11 days. Effectiveness
of the extract on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein and protein
concentrations was analyzed.

Results:
Significant (p<0.05) reduction in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride of the diabetic
rats was observed after treatment with ethanolic extract. After subjecting to oral glucose tolerance test
EEFG also showed significant improvement in glucose tolerance.

Conclusion:
F. glomerata root ethanolic extract showed that it possesses antidiabetic effect and can be
found useful for the management of diabetes mellitus.
Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Antioxidant Studies of Indigenous Medicinal Plant
Authors: Deokate Uday , Upadhye Mohini , Pujari Rohini , Ambikar Digambar 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Ficus glomerata Roxb. is a moderate-sized avenue tree distributed throughout
India both as wild or cultivated. It is traditionally used in various traditional systems of medicine including
Ayurveda, Siddha and Homoeopathy. In these indigenous systems of medicine, different parts of the
plant Ficus glomerata are commonly used for the treatment of dysentery, diarrhea, diabetes, bilious
affections, stomachache, menorrhage, haemoptysis and also as a carminative and astringent.

Objective:
The current investigation deals with detail pharmacognostical studies on roots of Ficus racemosa
mainly focusing the morphological, macroscopical analysis, prelimilnary examinations of root
powder and florescence analysis.

Methods:
Physicochemical constants of roots of Ficus glomerata were estimated as per official guidelines.

Results:
Significant in vitro antioxidant activity was observed for alcoholic root extract of Ficus glomerata.
The alcoholic extract and aqueous extract show the presence of tannins and saponins as major
constituents. Remaining constituents were found to be carbohydrate, glycosides, phenolic compounds,
gum and mucilage.

Conclusion:
Ficus glomerata possess significant antioxidant activities.
Bibliometrics and Visualization of the Mechanisms of Parkinson's Diseases Based on Animal Models
Authors: Wang Yan-Qiu , Chen Yi-Bing , Xu Dong , Cui Yuan-Lu 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
Energy metabolism disorder is one of the causes of Parkinson's disease (PD).
Rodents, such as rats and mice are often used to establish animal models of PD. This paper used a bibliometric
method to analyze the studies of rat and mouse PD models published between 2009 and 2018
in the Web of Science (WOS) database using CiteSpace V software. In addition, we conducted a literature
review on the development status and research hotspots in this field in the past ten years.

Methods:
The related articles on rat and mouse PD models were retrieved from the WOS database, and
an analysis of the keywords in these articles was conducted using CiteSpace V. A timeline graph was
developed by the software in order to show the focus of researchers in the PD field.

Results :
A total of 8,636 articles were obtained. Results of the cluster analysis in the PD field such as
neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy, contributed to the systematic review about the
pathogenesis of PD. At the same time, based on the property of the model drug, this review has summarized
and compared different administration techniques and mechanisms of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-
OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 4, 5-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), paraquat and rotenone.

Conclusion:
According to the bibliometric analysis, studies on PD were focused on the mechanisms of
oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and autophagy. Activated microglia releases inflammatory cytokines;
mitochondrial dysfunction is caused by oxidative damage of mitochondrial protein; abnormal
autophagy-lysosome pathway can lead to abnormal protein deposition in dopaminergic neurons. In
addition, although many animal models of PD have been established, there are some limitations of
such models. Therefore, it is necessary to develop models that accurately mimic human PD.
Is Ultrasonography Efficient for the Detection of the Zygomatic Arch, Nasal Bone and Cartilage Fractures?
Authors: Eskandarloo Amir , karimi Atena , Shokri Abbas , Poorolajal Jalal , Hosseinipanah Mohammad 
Published: April 2020

Background:
The high incidence of nasal and zygomatic arch fractures highlights the need for an accurate imaging modality for their detection. The superimposition of structures is a major problem in conventional radiography. Ultrasonography is a low-cost imaging modality with a wide range of applications, that does not employ ionizing radiation. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of ultrasonography for the detection of the zygomatic arch and nasal bone fractures.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted on 16 sheep heads. Artificial fractures were created in some parts of the zygomatic arch, dorsum and lateral wall of the nose, and nasal cartilage. All sheep heads underwent Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to ensure the presence of a fracture. Next, the lateral nasal and submentovertex radiographs were obtained, and ultrasonography was performed with a 12-15 MHz linear probe. Ultrasonography and radiography were repeated after 1 week to assess their reproducibility by calculating the kappa coefficient. Data were analyzed using Stata 11 software and Chi-square test.

Results:
The specificity and sensitivity of ultrasonography ranged from 87% to 100%, and 50% to 75%, respectively. The specificity and sensitivity of radiography ranged from 87% to 100%, and 62% to 87%, respectively. The differences between the two imaging modalities were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The kappa coefficient ranged from 46% to 100% for ultrasonography and 44% to 87% for radiography.

Conclusion:
Ultrasonography seemed useful for the detection of displaced bone and cartilage fractures. For non-displaced fractures, US is not recommended.