bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A corpus-based study of metaphors used to describe Syrian refugees in Jordanian politico-economic discourse
Authors: Zibin Aseel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study aims to examine the metaphors used to describe Syrian refugees in Jordanian politico-economic discourse, adopting a Critical Metaphor Analysis Approach for data analysis. I compiled a specialised corpus containing political and economic articles from two daily Jordanian newspapers. The data was analysed usingWordSmith Tools(Scott 2012), which is compatible with Arabic data. The data analysis reveals that several metaphors are used to describe Syrian refugees in Jordanian politico-economic discourse. The majority of metaphors employed have negative connotations in the contexts in which they are used, especially in the years 2015 and 2016 compared with 2012. The metaphors used reflect the internal struggle of Jordanians in relation to whether Syrian refugees should stay or leave. The struggle stems from deeply-entrenched Arab traditions, which make receiving guests perceived as a duty on the one hand, and the economic struggle of Jordanians living in a fragile economy, on the other.
Numerical analysis of backward subdiffusion problems
Authors: Zhang Zhengqi , Zhou Zhi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to develop and analyze numerical schemes for approximately solving the backward problem of subdiffusion equation involving a fractional derivative in time with order α ∈ (0, 1). After using quasi-boundary value method to regularize the ‘mildly’ ill-posed problem, we propose a fully discrete scheme by applying finite element method (FEM) in space and convolution quadrature (CQ) in time. We provide a thorough error analysis of the resulting discrete system in both cases of smooth and nonsmooth data. The analysis relies heavily on smoothing properties of (discrete) solution operators, and nonstandard error estimate for the direct problem in terms of problem data regularity. The theoretical results are useful to balance discretization parameters, regularization parameter and noise level. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
Modelling thermoelectric transport in III–V nanowires using a Boltzmann transport approach: a review
Authors: Ghukasyan Ara , LaPierre Ray R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A review of models for determining the thermoelectric transport coefficients

S

(Seebeck coefficient),

σ

(electrical conductivity), and

κ
e

(electronic thermal conductivity) is presented, for the cases of bulk and nanowire structures, along with derivations and a discussion of calculation methods. Results for the transport coefficients in GaAs, InAs, InP and InSb are used to determine the thermoelectric figure of merit, where an enhancement by two orders of magnitude is found for the nanowire case as compared with the bulk. The optimal electron concentration is determined as a function of nanowire diameter for both background and modulation doped nanowires.
A smart Kevlar-based triboelectric nanogenerator with enhanced anti-impact and self-powered sensing properties
Authors: Yuan Fang , Liu Shuai , Zhou Jianyu , Fan Xiwen , Wang Sheng , Gong Xinglong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A novel single electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with high energy-harvesting performance and safeguarding behavior has been developed by integrating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and shear stiffening gel (SSG) on Kevlar fabric. The output voltage and power of the three layer structure SSG/CNTs/Kevlar-based TENG (S-TENG) reaches to as high as 41.27 V and 212.90 μW, respectively. Due to the good triboelectric property, S-TENG also acts as a wearable self-powered device to harvest as well as monitor various human motions. More importantly, when impacted by a 1.26 kg impactor dropping from 30 cm, S-TENG with enhancing stiffness can not only resist the impact force, but also gather dynamic impact energy by producing an output voltage of 1.50 V. Finally, the mechanical and the electric properties of the S-TENG under the heavy hammer impact and quasi-static piercing has simultaneously investigated. In comparison to the neat Kevlar (7.66 J), the critical impact energy resisted by S-TENG is as high as 19.16 J, indicating a better anti-impacted property. Because of the excellent triboelectric and anti-impact properties, the smart S-TENG with self-power sensing, energy-gathering and safeguarding performance possesses high potential in next generation of body armor materials, robots, wearable electronics and human-machine interactions.
Precise measurements of polarizabilities of cesium nS Rydberg states in an ultra-cold atomic ensemble
Authors: Bai Jingxu , Bai Suying , Han Xiaoxuan , Jiao Yuechun , Zhao Jianming , Jia Suotang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We present precise measurements of polarizabilities of cesium nS1/2 (n = 65–75) Rydberg states by Stark spectroscopies. In experiment, Rydberg atoms are excited via a two-photon scheme of a standard magneto-optical trap and detected by the field ionization technique. The Stark shift is measured by analysing the spectroscopy under an external electric field. The polarizability, α, is acquired by fitting the experimental data of Stark shifts with

Δ
W
=
−

1

2

α

E

2

. The theoretical model is applied to numerically simulate the Stark map and corresponding level shifts, related deviation between the experimental measurements and calculations are less than 2%. The scaling law of polarizabilities,

A
⋅

(

n

*

)

7

+
B
⋅

(

n

*

)

6

(n* is effective principal quantum number), is attained, that shows a good agreement with the measurements.
Arctic Hydrology: History of Shaping, Development and Prospects
Authors: Ivanov B B , Tretyakov M B , Kharlampieva N K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article provides the history of the shaping, development and prospects of scientific division arctic hydrology of the State Scientific Centre of the Russian Federation «Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute» other scientific institutes and academic centers of Soviet Union and Russia. The history is divided to 6 stages: description of the lower reaches and mouths of the main rivers, the organization of polar stations in the Arctic (1930-1953); providing Arctic navigation with icing hydrological forecasts on the North Sea route and projects development for the fundamental improvement of navigable conditions in estuarine bars and river ledges (1953-1964); arctic hydrology’s contribution in the International Hydrological Decade (1965-1974); hydrological researching to assess the effects of hydropower construction and spatial redistribution of Siberian rivers water resources (1975-1990); arctic hydrology as an abiotic component of Arctic aquatic ecosystems (1991 – 2008); elaboration of the system-wide integrated water management projects development for surface water bodies monitoring of the Arctic (2009 – 2020). Structural and functional analysis of the field studies and engineering, researching and methodological working on division of the arctic hydrology shows, firstly, the contribution of arctic hydrology to hydrological science in general; secondly, their interdependence from states historical stages; thirdly, the contribution of Soviet and Russian experts to the AMAP, IAH, UN and etc. Further development of arctic hydrology will undoubtedly be associated with the pooling of knowledge of social and natural sciences concerning water resources to meet the interests of society.
Transcontinental Arctic Aviation in the 19th-21st centuries: goals, objectives, prospects for development
Authors: Tambovtsev K S , Anosova N E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of transcontinental Arctic aviation in the development of the Arctic. The analysis is based on scientific papers written by Russian and foreign authors and archival documents of the 19th-21st centuries. The main focus of the article is on the Arctic (polar) and transcontinental aviation. The use of aviation for geographical research, the development of special types of aircraft, the construction of airfields, as well as the specifics of personnel training are reviewed. The article discusses the history of the aviation use for the needs of the Far North, its goals in the past and prospects for the future. The facts from the biography of the heroic explorers of the North and the participants of those events: scientists, geographers, pilots, military and government leaders (Chkalov V.P., Baidukov G.F., Belyakov A.V., Bogdanov A.N., Lebedev A.S., Ignatiev A.A., Stalin I.V., NagurskyYa.I., and others) are given. The authors analyze the effectiveness of achieving scientific, geographical, economic, military, and other goals in the Arctic zone. The concept of aviation use depends on the socio-political situation in the Arctic states. The authors consider the needs for civil aviation equipment in the Arctic in the period 2021-2032.
Theoretical and methodological substantiation of the state sovereignty of Russia in the Arctic
Authors: Gogoleva V V , Dolgopolova T A , Zyabkina T F , Kirsanova N B , Maksimova E V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The relevance of creating at the present stage of development of the state, the legal framework for consolidating the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation, including the Arctic territories belonging to international law and the need to save the generations of Russian settlers and researchers of historical heritage left in the development and consolidation of their sovereignty in the Arctic, is substantiated. territories.The analysis of the peculiarities of the historical stages of the consolidation of the Arctic territories of interest at all times, both domestic and foreign researchers, is presented, since the Arctic is a place of concentration of geopolitical, military, political, trade, economic, environmental and legal interests. In the international context, the problems of the interest of states in the use of the Arctic spaces, due to the geographical and geological position of the Arctic, by their enormous volumes of natural resources, which are a determining factor in the struggle for the Arctic territories, are investigated. The author substantiates the importance of legal consolidation of spheres of influence in the Arctic zone in order to effectively use and distribute natural resources by the states of the Arctic region. The strategic importance of the Arctic zone for our country is analyzed, since the Russian Federation has direct access to the Arctic Ocean, ensures the safety of the use of the Northern Sea Route and the protection of territories belonging to Russia within the state borders. A legal analysis is presented of the regulation of the procedure for securing the use of resources in the Arctic space, which currently does not consistently and comprehensively cover all aspects of the regulation of economic activity and other relations in the Arctic space under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis, recommendations and organizational and legal mechanisms for creating an integrated regulatory framework aimed at regulating legal relations and developing the Arctic zone of Russia are presented.
The Arctic and the Central Black Earth Region: from the history of natural and cultural relations
Authors: Goneev I A , Lukashova O P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article shows the role of regional offices of the Russian geographical society in providing information about the Arctic and its significance for the population of the Central black earth region. The form of presenting information to the public is a popular lecture with elements of a virtual tour. The content reveals two questions: why the weather and climate changes in the Arctic affect the weather in Central Russia; which of the representatives of the Central black earth region contributed to the study of the Arctic. The reasons and consequences of abnormal weather conditions in Central Russia as direct and indirect consequences of weather and climate conditions and changes in the Arctic region are given. The Arctic is a region of mysteries that have not yet been fully solved. The civil-Patriotic theme is revealed in the history of the conquest and exploration of the Arctic by the inhabitants of the Central black earth region. The article reveals the methods of making a virtual tour and provides fragments of the content of a popular lecture. The work was performed for two audiences: the Youth club of the RGO (Russian geographical society), where the age ranges from 15 to 30 years, and the lecture hall of the regional branch of the RGO (Russian geographical society) in the Kursk region, where the age ranges from 30 to 70 years. The article presents interactive methods of working with students and the results of the work performed.
Long-term dynamics of the social space in the Russian Arctic
Authors: Korchak E A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Social development processes in the Russian Arctic are of special importance. Arctic mineral, fuel and energy resources play a key role in satisfying the demands of the Russian national economy for strategically important types of raw materials. The nature of work activities in the Russian Arctic is distinctive so that labour as a production factor requires a special approach due to stressful climate, which makes living conditions uncomfortable. Dispersion dynamics, distance barriers, small population size in remote settlements, and transport accessibility level contribute to increased resource intensity and energy consumption for life-sustaining activity. Furthermore, the local population is adapted to the harsh Arctic climate and natural environment so that a special Arctic policy of keeping people in the region comes to the forefront. Nevertheless, Russian Arctic is currently remaining a challenging zone due to its complex and non-uniform territorial social and economic development, lack of scientific-based territory management and ineffective social and economic policies implemented there. Nowadays, we need new approaches to elaborate a research and practical agenda for the development of the Russian Arctic. A scientific research methodology must be formulated to transform the system of government control of Arctic region development. An important aspect is to analyse long-term dynamics of the social space in the Russian Arctic of the social space of the Russian Arctic. The article addresses the study results for the dynamics of the social space in the Russian Arctic regions between 1950 and 2018. Transformations in the long-term consistent dynamics of the Russian Arctic were identified to have been determined by the intensity of the region’s industrial development, the scale of government support, and long-term interests of the national economy. Researchers identified stages of the long-term consistent dynamics of the social space in the Russian Arctic region as follows: 1950 to 1990, 1990 to 2000, 2000 to 2008 and 2008 to 2017. This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 19-18-00025 «Socio-economic dynamics and forecast for the development of the Russian Arctic, taking into account geopolitical, macroeconomic, environmental, and mineral factors».
Organization and legal framework for using the Arctic space
Authors: Mokhorov D , Kerefova B , Spirin G , Kobicheva A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper we consider the history of Arctic exploration. The most important historical aspects of the Arctic region development are analyzed. We used the methods of scientific knowledge, which allow a comprehensive study of the essential aspects of the Arctic development. The important stages of the subarctic region development are investigated. The article highlights the issues of creation and functioning of the Arctic Council. The authors have identified the tasks of Russian legal regulation of the Arctic territories, which consists in the formation of national legislation at the level of other Arctic states, as well as in restoring the balance between legal and “substitute” norms. The scope of international legal regulation in the Arctic zone was also identified and it was established that the most significant influence was gained by the problems associated with the vital activities of the indigenous peoples of the North, nature management and environmental protection in the Arctic zone, as well as the military aspect in the use of the Arctic space.
Historical-legal aspect of the political system in the Russia’s arctic region
Authors: Snetkov V N , Weshkelsky A S , Yurkova O Y 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article analyzes historical reference of the formation and development of the political system of the Russian Federation in the Arctic region. The article examines the sectoral principle of dividing the Arctic territory. In conformance with UN requirements convention on the law of the sea of 1982 the Arctic States have a sovereign right to develop subsoil resources within their exclusive economic zones and continental shelf, although these Arctic regions are not part of their state territories. The article analyzes the main policy and legal documents regulating this sector in the Arctic countries, considers the issues of forming an optimal balance between national and international legal regulation in determining the legal regime in the Arctic region. The implementation of strategic goals of developing the Russian Polar region in the far-term perspective involves the implementation of domestic projects for the exploration of subsurface resources in this area and the development of transport infrastructure, primarily the Northern sea route and its seaports, as well as land and air transport modes that are part of international transport corridors, as an organizational and legal basis for the development of the use of the Arctic continental shelf.
How to Have a Rest in the Arctic: Leisure Activities of the Soviet Polar Explorers in the 1930s
Authors: Sidorchuk I V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Mid 1930s characterized by a change in cultural imperatives: instead of the Spartan and anti-bourgeois ideals of the NEP and industrialization period the authorities proposed a lifestyle full of abundance. The words of I. Stalin: “Living has become better, comrades; living has become happier” was perhaps the most popular slogan. The 1930s were also characterized by the Arctic exploration activity peak, which was to become an objective symbol of the Soviet social experiment success. But was there a place for leisure in it? The aim of the research is to answer this question by investigating the issue of leisure practices of Soviet polar explorers. The author came to conclusion that leisure of the polar explorers was a rest in the style of socialist realism – idealized and unrealistic, practically leaving no hint of deviance or contradiction with the established cultural imperative. They listened to music from Soviet musical comedies, read the right books, played chess, not cards, studied foreign languages and were actively involved in political education. The only weaknesses available – smoking and alcohol – were the means to calmly think over the situation or celebrate a public holiday, once again realizing the importance of their work for the benefit of the socialist homeland and being inspired to new exploits.
Military aspect of legal regulation in the Arctic
Authors: Volokitina Y , Vasilieva Y , Larionov V , Chinakaev K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Arctic is increasingly attracts attention of both the main regional players and the world’s leading powers. European countries realize that development of an adequate Arctic strategy requires designing and implementing a wide range of political, legal, scientific, social, economic and military measures. There are a variety of views in expert circles on military security in the Arctic. Some experts predict future conflicts starting with regional arms races both between the Arctic states and between them and non-Arctic countries. The other one emphasizes that the Arctic tends to be one of the safest world’s regions in terms of military security. The unresolved question of who owns the Arctic is among the main causes of the possible conflict in the region. The conclusion is based on the thesis of legal uncertainty of the Arctic marine areas and of the Arctic Ocean mineral resources status, as well as on unresolved disputes on the demarcation of maritime spaces and continental shelf.
Simulation model for the North Sea Route transit time estimation
Authors: Kuznetsov A L , Kirichenko A V , Kiselev V S , Semenov A D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Today the Northern Sea Route attracts due attention of the international transport society. The Russian government has set a task to increase the cargo volumes transported via this way. There is an assumption that a substantial share of this amount would be the transit of the containerized cargo in both directions, Eastbound and Westbound. In these circumstances – since we speak about liner shipping and the maritime component of international intermodal transportation, there is a demand for scientifically proved methods of planning and prognoses of ice-breaker escort operations of transit caravans of merchant ships, both for selected legs and the whole route. This paper deals with the simulation model of the caravan of ships transiting the route leg by leg. The techniques proposed by this investigation enables to assess the random value – the time needed to pass along the Northern Sea Route. Simultaneously, the offered mechanisms permit to form the graphics of the movements along the parts of the route, which helps to make reliable forecasts for estimated passage times, estimated times for consolidation and dispersion of caravans, waiting times in the relay system of the movement along NSR. Eventually, these forecasts would form a base for the intermodal transportation chain.
On the Specifics of Fire Extinguishing During Dangerous Goods Transportation in the Northern Regions
Authors: Klyuy V , Reshetov A , Monashkov V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article considers the variants of emergency situations that occur during railway transportation of oil and petroleum products in the Northern regions. Options for implementing measures to eliminate fires and explosions related to these events are given. It is demonstrated that the railways in Russia in the Arctic zone are long and carry a large number of different cargoes, including dangerous ones. The analysis of the most resonant large fires in railway transport was performed; the causes of these emergency events were determined. The peculiarities of fire extinguishing during transportation of dangerous goods by rail were considered, and some difficulties in extinguishing fires at low temperatures (below-10oC) were analyzed. Some national samples of fire engines (multi-purpose fire truck and GAZ-59402 “Purga”) were analyzed in relation to their use in firefighting in the Arctic zone. Proposals for responsibilities distribution between railway and fire services in case of emergency response and recovery work have been developed. Possible ways for solvation of the problems arising during firefighting on railway transport at low temperatures were suggested.
Thermoluminescent method of dating applied to fossilized animal remains
Authors: Aluker N L , Herrmann M , Suzdaltseva J M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The feasibility of applying the thermoluminescent method to dating of fossilized paleontological animal remains is investigated. Relatively easy application and a wide range of chronological time periods over which the method produces reliable results with minimized uncertainties under an optimized experimental setup, make the method highly suitable for fossil dating. Mammoth remains from a collection of an archaeological museum were dated using samples of teeth, bones, and tusks. We determined two distinct age regimes of the investigated mammoth remains: (1) ranging from 12 to 28 thousand years (the bulk of the samples) and (2) from 40 to 45 thousand years. For isolated samples, the estimated ages were above 100 thousand years.