bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry of Fluid Inclusions in Travertines From Western and Northern Turkey: Inferences on the Role of Active Faults in Fluids Circulation
Authors: Rizzo Andrea Luca , Uysal I. Tonguc , Mutlu Halim , Ünal‐İmer Ezgi , Dirik Kadir , Yüce Galip , Caracausi Antonio , Italiano Francesco , Misseri Mariagrazia , Temel Abidin , Bayarı Serdar , Özyurt Nur , Zhao Jian‐xin , Deniz Kıymet 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe understanding of the relationship between the geochemistry of fluids circulating during travertine deposition and the presence of active faults is crucial for evaluating the seismogenetic potential of an area. Here we investigate travertines from Pamukkale and Reşadiye (Turkey), sited in seismic regions and next to thermal springs. These travertines formed ~24,500–50,000 (Pamukkale) and ~240–14,600 years (Reşadiye) BP. We characterize fluid inclusions (FIs) and studied concentration of H2O, CO2, O2 + N2, and 3He, 4He, 20Ne, and 40Ar, and bulk composition (trace elements and δ13C‐δ18O). FIs from both localities are mainly primary with low salinity and homogenization temperature around 136–140 °C. H2O is the major component followed by CO2, with the highest gas content measured in Pamukkale travertines. Concentrations of Ne‐Ar together with O2 + N2 indicate that travertines from both areas precipitated from atmosphere‐derived fluids. The 3He/4He is 0.5–1.3 Ra in Pamukkale and 0.9–4.4 Ra in Reşadiye. Samples with R/Ra > 1 are modified by cosmogenic 3He addition during exposure to cosmic rays. Excluding these data, FIs of Reşadiye are mostly atmosphere‐derived. This implies a shallow formation where the circulation was dominated by meteoric waters, which is consistent with their young age. Instead, FIs of Pamukkale show mixing of mantle‐, crustal‐, and atmosphere‐derived He, indicating that these travertines formed in lithospheric fractures. Based on the δ13CCO2 and δ18O of bulk rocks, we infer that travertines formed involving crustal‐ (mechanochemical rather than organic) and mantle‐derived CO2. Trace elements of Pamukkale and Reşadiye show comparable rare earth element patterns. We conclude that travertines formed in response of seismogenetic activity.
Thank You to Our 2018 Peer Reviewers
Authors: Faccenna Claudio , Becker Thorsten W. , Blichert‐Toft Janne , Edmonds Marie , Feinberg Joshua M. , Faul Ulrich , Long Maureen D. , Paytan Adina , Williams Branwen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe editorial and scientific publishing process relies on the sustained work of volunteer reviewers, and evaluating the inter‐disciplinary and broad interest papers published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems can be a particular challenge. As editors and associated editors, we are therefore hugely appreciative of the efforts of our reviewers, and would like to thank and acknowledge them in this editorial. G‐Cubed published 271 manuscripts in 2018, and for this we were able to rely on the efforts of 873 dedicated reviewers. A big thank you from the G‐Cubed team!
Variations in the Intensity and Spatial Extent of Tropical Cyclone Precipitation
Authors: Touma Danielle , Stevenson Samantha , Camargo Suzana J. , Horton Daniel E. , Diffenbaugh Noah S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe intensity and spatial extent of tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) often shapes the risk posed by landfalling storms. Here we provide a comprehensive climatology of landfalling TCP characteristics as a function of tropical cyclone strength, using daily precipitation station data and Atlantic U.S. landfalling tropical cyclone tracks from 1900 to 2017. We analyze the intensity and spatial extent of ≥1 mm/day TCP (Z1) and ≥50 mm/day TCP (Z50) over land. We show that the highest median intensity and largest median spatial extent of Z1 and Z50 occur for major hurricanes that have weakened to tropical storms, indicating greater flood risk despite weaker wind speeds. We also find some signs of TCP change in recent decades. In particular, for major hurricanes that have weakened to tropical storms, Z50 intensity has significantly increased, indicating possible increases in flood risk to coastal communities in more recent years.
Importance of Ambipolar Electric Field in Driving Ion Loss From Mars: Results From a Multifluid MHD Model With the Electron Pressure Equation Included
Authors: Ma Y. J. , Dong C. F. , Toth G. , van der Holst B. , Nagy A. F. , Russell C. T. , Bougher S. , Fang Xiaohua , Halekas J. S. , Espley J. R. , Mahaffy P. R. , Benna M. , McFadden J. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe multifluid (MF) magnetohydrodynamic model of Mars is improved by solving an additional electron pressure equation. Through the electron pressure equation, the electron temperature is calculated based on the effects from various electron‐related heating and cooling processes (e.g., photoelectron heating, electron‐neutral collision, and electron‐ion collision), and thus, the improved model can calculate the electron temperature and the electron pressure force terms self‐consistently. Model results of a typical case using the MF with electron pressure equation included model are compared in detail to identical cases using the MF and multispecies models to identify the effect of the improved physics. We find that when the electron pressure equation is included, the general interaction patterns are similar to those with no electron pressure equation. However, the MF with electron pressure equation included model predicts that the electron temperature is much larger than the ion temperature in the ionosphere, consistent with both Viking and Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations. Using our numerical model, we also examined in detail the relative importance of different forces in the plasma interaction region. All three models are also applied to a MAVEN event study using identical input conditions; overall, the improved model matches best with MAVEN observations. All of the simulation cases are examined in terms of the total ion loss, and the results show that the inclusion of the electron pressure equation increases the escape rates by 50–110% in total mass, depending on solar condition and strong crustal field orientation, clearly demonstrating the importance of the ambipolar electric field in facilitating ion escape.
HIWIND Observation of Summer Season Polar Cap Thermospheric Winds
Authors: Wu Qian , Knipp Delores , Liu Jing , Wang Wenbin , Varney Roger , Gillies Robert , Erickson Phil , Greffen Michael , Reimer Ashton , Häggström Ingemar , Jee Geonhwa , Kwak Young‐Sil 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHIWIND (High altitude Interferometer WIND experiment) is a balloon‐borne Fabry Perot interferometer for daytime thermospheric wind observations. In this paper, we examine the summer polar cap thermospheric winds observed by HIWIND with the RISR‐C (Resolute Incoherent Scatter Radar‐Canada) observed ion drifts and electron densities. We also perform National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model simulations to compare with the HIWIND and RISR‐C observations. The standard Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model underestimates the high‐latitude electron density and overestimates the thermospheric winds. The discrepancies between modeled and observed meridional winds are large near midnight and noon. After increasing the energy flux in the polar cap drizzle, the simulated electron density is comparable with the RISR‐C observations. However, large discrepancies with the HIWIND‐observed thermospheric winds persist. The cause of the model versus observation discrepancy in winds is probably due to the processes outside the polar cap.
Druggable genome in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its co-morbid conditions. New avenues for treatment
Authors: Hegvik Tor-Arne , Waløen Kai , Pandey Sunil K. , Faraone Stephen V. , Haavik Jan , Zayats Tetyana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with only symptomatic care available. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies can provide a starting point in the search for novel drug targets and possibilities of drug repurposing. Here, we explored the druggable genome in ADHD by utilising GWA studies on ADHD and its co-morbid conditions. First, we explored whether the genes targeted by current ADHD drugs show association with the disorder and/or its co-morbidities. Second, we aimed to identify genes and pathways involved in the biological processes underlying ADHD that can be targeted by pharmacological agents. These ADHD-associated druggable genes and pathways were also examined in co-morbidities of ADHD, as commonalities in their aetiology and management may lead to novel pharmacological insights. Strikingly, none of the genes encoding targets of first-line pharmacotherapeutics for ADHD were significantly associated with the disorder, suggesting that FDA-approved ADHD drugs may act through different mechanisms than those underlying ADHD. In the examined druggable genome, three loci on chromosomes 1, 4 and 12 revealed significant association with ADHD and contained nine druggable genes, five of which encode established drug targets for malignancies, autoimmune and neurodevelopmental disorders. To conclude, we present a framework to assess the druggable genome in a disorder, exemplified by ADHD. We highlight signal transduction and cell adhesion as potential novel avenues for ADHD treatment. Our findings add to knowledge on known ADHD drugs and present the exploration of druggable genome associated with ADHD, which may offer interventions at the aetiological level of the disorder.
Quantifying operational lifetimes for coal power plants under the Paris goals
Authors: Cui Ryna Yiyun , Hultman Nathan , Edwards Morgan R. , He Linlang , Sen Arijit , Surana Kavita , McJeon Haewon , Iyer Gokul , Patel Pralit , Yu Sha , Nace Ted , Shearer Christine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA rapid transition away from unabated coal use is essential to fulfilling the Paris climate goals. However, many countries are actively building and operating coal power plants. Here we use plant-level data to specify alternative trajectories for coal technologies in an integrated assessment model. We then quantify cost-effective retirement pathways for global and country-level coal fleets to limit long-term temperature change. We present our results using a decision-relevant metric: the operational lifetime limit. Even if no new plants are built, the lifetimes of existing units are reduced to approximately 35 years in a well-below 2 °C scenario or 20 years in a 1.5 °C scenario. The risk of continued coal expansion, including the near-term growth permitted in some Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), is large. The lifetime limits for both 2 °C and 1.5 °C are reduced by 5 years if plants under construction come online and 10 years if all proposed projects are built.
Utilizing solar energy to improve the oxygen evolution reaction kinetics in zinc–air battery
Authors: Liu Xiaorui , Yuan Yifei , Liu Jie , Liu Bin , Chen Xu , Ding Jia , Han Xiaopeng , Deng Yida , Zhong Cheng , Hu Wenbin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDirectly harvesting solar energy for battery charging represents an ultimate solution toward low-cost, green, efficient and sustainable electrochemical energy storage. Here, we design a sunlight promotion strategy into rechargeable zinc–air battery with significantly reduced charging potential below the theoretical cell voltage of zinc–air batteries. The sunlight-promoted zinc–air battery using BiVO4 or α-Fe2O3 air photoelectrode achieves a record-low charge potential of ~1.20 and ~1.43 V, respectively, under illumination, which is lowered by ~0.5–0.8 V compared to the typical charge voltage of ~2 V in conventional zinc–air battery. The band structure and photoelectrochemical stability of photoelectrodes are found to be key factors determining the charging performance of sunlight-promoted zinc–air batteries. The introduction of photoelectrode as an air electrode opens a facile way for developing integrated single-unit zinc–air batteries that can efficiently use solar energy to overcome the high charging overpotential of conventional zinc–air batteries.
Resident memory T cells are a cellular reservoir for HIV in the cervical mucosa
Authors: Cantero-Pérez Jon , Grau-Expósito Judith , Serra-Peinado Carla , Rosero Daniela A. , Luque-Ballesteros Laura , Astorga-Gamaza Antonio , Castellví Josep , Sanhueza Tamara , Tapia Gustavo , Lloveras Belen , Fernández Marco A. , Prado Julia G. , Solé-Sedeno Josep M. , Tarrats Antoni , Lecumberri Carla , Mañalich-Barrachina Laura , Centeno-Mediavilla Cristina , Falcó Vicenç , Buzon Maria J. , Genescà Meritxell 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHIV viral reservoirs are established very early during infection. Resident memory T cells (TRM) are present in tissues such as the lower female genital tract, but the contribution of this subset of cells to the pathogenesis and persistence of HIV remains unclear. Here, we show that cervical CD4+TRM display a unique repertoire of clusters of differentiation, with enrichment of several molecules associated with HIV infection susceptibility, longevity and self-renewing capacities. These protein profiles are enriched in a fraction of CD4+TRM expressing CD32. Cervical explant models show that CD4+TRM preferentially support HIV infection and harbor more viral DNA and protein than non-TRM. Importantly, cervical tissue from ART-suppressed HIV+ women contain high levels of viral DNA and RNA, being the TRM fraction the principal contributor. These results recognize the lower female genital tract as an HIV sanctuary and identify CD4+TRM as primary targets of HIV infection and viral persistence. Thus, strategies towards an HIV cure will need to consider TRM phenotypes, which are widely distributed in tissues.
Decoupling of brain function from structure reveals regional behavioral specialization in humans
Authors: Preti Maria Giulia , Van De Ville Dimitri 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe brain is an assembly of neuronal populations interconnected by structural pathways. Brain activity is expressed on and constrained by this substrate. Therefore, statistical dependencies between functional signals in directly connected areas can be expected higher. However, the degree to which brain function is bound by the underlying wiring diagram remains a complex question that has been only partially answered. Here, we introduce the structural-decoupling index to quantify the coupling strength between structure and function, and we reveal a macroscale gradient from brain regions more strongly coupled, to regions more strongly decoupled, than expected by realistic surrogate data. This gradient spans behavioral domains from lower-level sensory function to high-level cognitive ones and shows for the first time that the strength of structure-function coupling is spatially varying in line with evidence derived from other modalities, such as functional connectivity, gene expression, microstructural properties and temporal hierarchy.
Dynamic multiphase semi-crystalline polymers based on thermally reversible pyrazole-urea bonds
Authors: Liu Wen-Xing , Yang Zhusheng , Qiao Zhi , Zhang Long , Zhao Ning , Luo Sanzhong , Xu Jian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConstructing responsive and adaptive materials by dynamic covalent bonds is an attractive strategy in material design. Here, we present a kind of dynamic covalent polyureas which can be prepared from the highly efficient polyaddition reaction of pyrazoles and diisocyanates at ambient temperature in the absence of a catalyst. Owing to multiphase structural design, poly(pyrazole-ureas) (PPzUs) show excellent mechanical properties and unique crystallization behavior. Besides, the crosslinked PPzUs can be successfully recycled upon heating (~130 °C) and the molecular-level blending of polyurea and polyurethane is realized. Theoretical studies prove that the reversibility of pyrazole-urea bonds (PzUBs) arises from the unique aromatic nature of pyrazole and the N-assisting intramolecular hydrogen transfer process. The PzUBs could further broaden the scope of dynamic covalent bonds and are very promising in the fields of dynamic materials.
QM-sym, a symmetrized quantum chemistry database of 135 kilo molecules
Authors: Liang Jiechun , Xu Yanheng , Liu Rulin , Zhu Xi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractApplying deep learning methods in materials science research is an important way of solving the time-consuming problems of typical ab initio quantum chemistry methodology, but due to the size of large molecules, large and uncharted fields still exist. Implementing symmetry information can significantly reduce the calculation complexity of structures, as they can be simplified to the minimum symmetric units. Because there are few quantum chemistry databases that include symmetry information, we constructed a new one, named QM-sym, by designing an algorithm to generate 135k organic molecules with the Cnh symmetry composite. Those generated molecules were optimized to a stable state using Gaussian 09. The geometric, electronic, energetic, and thermodynamic properties of the molecules were calculated, including their orbital degeneracy states and orbital symmetry around the HOMO-LUMO. The basic symmetric units were also included. This database p rovides consistent and comprehensive quantum chemical properties for structures with Cnh symmetries. QM-sym can be used as a benchmark for machine learning models in quantum chemistry or as a dataset for training new symmetry-based models.
Light scattering effect of polyvinyl-alcohol/titanium dioxide nanofibers in the dye-sensitized solar cell
Authors: Mustafa Muhammad Norhaffis , Shafie Suhaidi , Wahid Mohd Haniff , Sulaiman Yusran 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the present work, polyvinyl-alcohol/titanium dioxide (PVA/TiO2) nanofibers are utilized as a light scattering layer (LSL) on top of the TiO2 nanoparticles photoanode. The TiO2 nanoparticles decorated PVA/TiO2 nanofibers display a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.06%, which is 33% higher than TiO2 nanoparticles without LSL, demonstrating the incorporation of PVA/TiO2 nanofibers as LSL reduces the radiation loss and increases the excitation of the electron that leads to high PCE. The incorporation of PVA/TiO2 nanofibers as LSL also increases the electron life time and charge collection efficiency in comparison to the TiO2 nanoparticles without LSL.
Many-particle excitations in non-covalently doped single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Eremin Timofei V. , Obraztsov Petr A. , Velikanov Vladimir A. , Shubina Tatiana V. , Obraztsova Elena D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDoping of single-walled carbon nanotubes leads to the formation of new energy levels which are able to participate in optical processes. Here, we investigate (6,5)-single walled carbon nanotubes doped in a solution of hydrochloric acid using optical absorption, photoluminescence, and pump-probe transient absorption techniques. We find that, beyond a certain level of doping, the optical spectra of such nanotubes exhibit the spectral features related to two doping-induced levels, which we assign to a localized exciton $$X$$
X
and a trion T, appearing in addition to an ordinary exciton $${E}_{1}$$

E

1

. We evaluate the formation and relaxation kinetics of respective states and demonstrate that the kinetics difference between E1 and X energy levels perfectly matches the kinetics of the state T. This original finding evidences the formation of trions through nonradiative relaxation via the $$X$$
X
level, rather than via a direct optical excitation from the ground energy state of nanotubes.
High-resolution seismic tomography of Long Beach, CA using machine learning
Authors: Bianco Michael J. , Gerstoft Peter , Olsen Kim B. , Lin Fan-Chi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe use a machine learning-based tomography method to obtain high-resolution subsurface geophysical structure in Long Beach, CA, from seismic noise recorded on a “large-N” array with 5204 geophones (~13.5 million travel times). This method, called locally sparse travel time tomography (LST) uses unsupervised machine learning to exploit the dense sampling obtained by ambient noise processing on large arrays. Dense sampling permits the LST method to learn directly from the data a dictionary of local, or small-scale, geophysical features. The features are the small scale patterns of Earth structure most relevant to the given tomographic imaging scenario. Using LST, we obtain a high-resolution 1 Hz Rayleigh wave phase speed map of Long Beach. Among the geophysical features shown in the map, the important Silverado aquifer is well isolated relative to previous surface wave tomography studies. Our results show promise for LST in obtaining detailed geophysical structure in travel time tomography studies.
Concatenation of 14-3-3 with partner phosphoproteins as a tool to study their interaction
Authors: Tugaeva Kristina V. , Kalacheva Daria I. , Cooley Richard B. , Strelkov Sergei V. , Sluchanko Nikolai N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRegulatory 14-3-3 proteins interact with a plethora of phosphorylated partner proteins, however 14-3-3 complexes feature intrinsically disordered regions and often a transient type of interactions making structural studies difficult. Here we engineer and examine a chimera of human 14-3-3 tethered to a nearly complete partner HSPB6 which is phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA). HSPB6 includes a long disordered N-terminal domain (NTD), a phosphorylation motif around Ser16, and a core α-crystallin domain (ACD) responsible for dimerisation. The chosen design enables an unstrained binding of pSer16 in each 1433 subunit and secures the correct 2:2 stoichiometry. Differential scanning calorimetry, limited proteolysis and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) support the proper folding of both the 14-3-3 and ACD dimers within the chimera, and indicate that the chimera retains the overall architecture of the native complex of 14-3-3 and phosphorylated HSPB6 that has recently been resolved using crystallography. At the same time, the SAXS data highlight the weakness of the secondary interface between the ACD dimer and the C-terminal lobe of 14-3-3 observed in the crystal structure. Applied to other 14-3-3 complexes, the chimeric approach may help probe the stability and specificity of secondary interfaces for targeting them with small molecules in the future.
Hidden Markov models reveal temporal patterns and sex differences in killer whale behavior
Authors: Tennessen Jennifer B. , Holt Marla M. , Ward Eric J. , Hanson M. Bradley , Emmons Candice K. , Giles Deborah A. , Hogan Jeffrey T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBehavioral data can be important for effective management of endangered marine predators, but can be challenging to obtain. We utilized suction cup-attached biologging tags equipped with stereo hydrophones, triaxial accelerometers, triaxial magnetometers, pressure and temperature sensors, to characterize the subsurface behavior of an endangered population of killer whales (Orcinus orca). Tags recorded depth, acoustic and movement behavior on fish-eating killer whales in the Salish Sea between 2010–2014. We tested the hypotheses that (a) distinct behavioral states can be characterized by integrating movement and acoustic variables, (b) subsurface foraging occurs in bouts, with distinct periods of searching and capture temporally separated from travel, and (c) the probabilities of transitioning between behavioral states differ by sex. Using Hidden Markov modeling of two acoustic and four movement variables, we identified five temporally distinct behavioral states. Persistence in the same state on a subsequent dive had the greatest likelihood, with the exception of deep prey pursuit, indicating that behavior was clustered in time. Additionally, females spent more time at the surface than males, and engaged in less foraging behavior. These results reveal significant complexity and sex differences in subsurface foraging behavior, and underscore the importance of incorporating behavior into the design of conservation strategies.