bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety boosts progression of prediabetes to type 2 diabetes: findings from the prospective Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg F4 and FF4 studies
Authors: Jiang L. , Atasoy S. , Johar H. , Herder C. , Peters A. , Kruse J. , Ladwig K.‐H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between anxiety symptoms and the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes.MethodsA sample of 1708 participants aged 31–82 years from the population‐based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg F4 and the follow‐up Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg FF4 studies was included. Prediabetes was defined as impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance, and anxiety status was measured by the generalized anxiety disorder‐7 questionnaire. Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes cases were identified after 6.5 years (11 102 person‐years) and confirmed by medical records. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to estimate the effect of prediabetes and anxiety on the incidence of type 2 diabetes with different levels of adjustments for potential confounders. The population attributable risk of type 2 diabetes in participants with prediabetes and anxiety was estimated.ResultsPrediabetes at baseline was prevalent in 247 participants, of whom 77 developed diabetes after follow‐up, accounting for a progression rate of 31%. In participants with prediabetes, high anxiety was associated with a 3‐fold increased risk of progression to type 2 diabetes in comparison with low anxiety, even after accounting for socio‐demographic, lifestyle and metabolic risk factors (OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 0.95–8.37, P = 0.06). A significant proportion of incident type 2 diabetes was attributed to having anxiety in addition to prediabetes (attributable risk proportion: 0.52; 95% CI = 0.004–1.04, P = 0.05).ConclusionsAnxiety symptoms independently increase the progression risk of prediabetes to type 2 diabetes and should be routinely considered alongside the traditional risk factors in people with prediabetes.
The pomegranate butterfly Deudorix livia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): an emerging pest on dates in Tunisia
Authors: Abbes K. , Zouba A. , Harbi A. , Ghrissi N. , Ksantini M. , Chermiti B. 
Published: January 2020

The pomegranate butterfly Deudorix (=Virachola) livia Klug 1834 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) was encountered for the first time infesting dates (Phoenix dactylifera, variety Deglet Nour) in the oasis of Gafsa, Southern Tunisia in September 2011. Larvae of D. livia only caused damage on date fruits at the phenological stages kimiri (green fruits) and khalal (yellow fruits). The average infestation rate of dates was 10%. In addition, 7.1% of the infested fruits dropped to the ground. Damage caused by this insect on dates is described, the current situation in Tunisia is provided and possible control methods in Tunisia are briefly discussed. Although this pest has previously been reported in Tunisia on pomegranate this is the first report of D. livia on dates in the country.
Deciphering the molecular mechanism of FLT3 resistance mutations
Authors: Georgoulia Panagiota S. , Bjelic Sinisa , Friedman Ran 
Published: January 2020

FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) has been found to be mutated in ~ 30% of acute myeloid leukaemia patients. Small‐molecule inhibitors targeting FLT3 that are currently approved or still undergoing clinical trials are subject to drug resistance due to FLT3 mutations. How these mutations lead to drug resistance is hitherto poorly understood. Herein, we studied the molecular mechanism of the drug resistance mutations D835N, Y842S and M664I, which confer resistance against the most advanced inhibitors, quizartinib and PLX3397 (pexidartinib), using enzyme kinetics and computer simulations. In vitro kinase assays were performed to measure the comparative catalytic activity of the native protein and the mutants, using a bacterial expression system developed to this aim. Our results reveal that the differential drug sensitivity profiles can be rationalised by the dynamics of the protein–drug interactions and perturbation of the intraprotein contacts upon mutations. Drug binding induced a single conformation in the native protein, whereas multiple conformations were observed otherwise (in the mutants or in the absence of drugs). The end‐point kinetics measurements indicated that the three resistant mutants conferred catalytic activity that is at least as high as that of the reference without such mutations. Overall, our calculations and measurements suggest that the structural dynamics of the drug‐resistant mutants that affect the active state and the increased conformational freedom of the remaining inactive drug‐bound population are the two major factors that contribute to drug resistance in FLT3 harbouring cancer cells. Our results explain the mechanism of drug resistance mutations and can aid to the design of more effective tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Use of Amitriptyline in the Treatment of Headache After Traumatic Brain Injury: Lessons Learned From a Clinical Trial
Authors: Hurwitz Max , Lucas Sylvia , Bell Kathleen R. , Temkin Nancy , Dikmen Sureyya , Hoffman Jeanne 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesThe primary outcome of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of preventive treatment with amitriptyline on headache frequency and severity after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).BackgroundDespite the fact that headache is the most common and persistent physical symptom after TBI, there has been little research on the longitudinal course or pharmacologic treatment of this disorder. Of those who have headache after injury, about 60% continue to complain of headache at 3 months post injury, with higher levels of disability than those without headache. There have been no prospective, randomized, controlled trials of a pharmacologic agent for headache after TBI. Additionally, a brain‐injured population may be more susceptible to side effects of medication.DesignThis is a single‐center phase II trial of amitriptyline to prevent persistent headache after an mTBI. Medication dose was gradually increased from 10 to 50 mg daily.ResultsFifty participants were enrolled and 33 who completed the 90‐day assessment were included in the final analysis. In order to detect a possible cognitive impact of the study drug, 24 participants were randomly assigned to start amitriptyline immediately after study enrollment and 26 were assigned to start 30 days after enrollment. Forty‐nine percent (18/37) of those assigned to take medication took none throughout the study period, with less compliance in younger participants with mean ages of 32.7 in those who did not take any medication, 33.4 who were less than 80% compliant, and 42.3 who were compliant (P = .013). Compliance in keeping a daily headache diary was low, with 29/50 participants (58%) meeting daily entry completion, and only 10 participants maintaining 100% diary completion. No differences were found between those who started medication immediately vs at day 30 in headache frequency or severity.ConclusionsWhile headache is the most common symptom following mTBI, current evidence does not support a specific treatment. No differences were noted in headache frequency compared to our prior study. However, the current sample had significantly lower headache severity (15% vs 36% with pain rating of 6 or above, P = .015) compared to our prior study. Our current study was not able to determine whether there is any benefit for the use of amitriptyline as a headache preventive because of difficulty with study recruitment and compliance. The challenges with recruitment and retention in the mTBI population were instructive, and future research in this area will need to identify strategies to improve recruitment, diary compliance, and medication adherence in this population.
Can imperial radio be transnational? British‐affiliated Arabic radio broadcasting in the interwar period
Authors: Stanton Andrea L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis media history article uses the development of the British Broadcasting Corporation's Arabic radio broadcasting service in 1938 as a case study for considering the intersections and overlaps between transnationalism and imperialism in the early mid‐20th century. Archival evidence suggests that the British Broadcasting Corporation's Arabic broadcasting service, which was based in London, relied for human resources, programming, and other forms of expertise on the Palestine Broadcasting Service in Jerusalem and the Egyptian State Broadcasting Service in Cairo—as well as on British government officials in those countries. Yet scholarly literature on these stations tends to treat them as free‐standing institutions with minimal interaction. How might recent scholarship on entangled media histories productively problematize the treatment of radio histories as institutional histories within nation‐state boundaries? How might it capture both the transnational and the colonial or imperial connections of these stations? It closes by suggesting how this case study might be useful for scholars working in other arenas.
Strategy to design high performance TiB2‐based materials: Strengthen grain boundaries by solid solute segregation
Authors: Dai Fu‐Zhi , Xiang Huimin , Zhou Yanchun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTiB2 exhibits a unique combination of excellent properties that make it promising candidate for applications in extreme environments, where retention of strength at high temperatures is essential. Tailoring grain boundary properties by segregation is believed a prominent way to design high‐temperature performance of ceramics. In this work, segregation tendencies of solute elements, including Sc, Y, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, and W, in TiB2 grain boundaries and the strengthening/weakening effects induced by segregations are investigated by first‐principles calculations. The results reveal that small atoms tend to segregate to grain boundary sites with local compression strains, while large atoms prefer grain boundary sites with local expansion strains. Deteriorated grain boundary strength is usually caused by additional expansion strain induced by segregation, while improved grain boundary strength results from either enhanced local bonding induced by segregation of small atoms or increased fracture strain due to segregation of large atoms. Cr and V, especially Cr, exhibit strong segregation tendency and improvement on grain boundary strength, which provides useful guidelines for the design of high performance TiB2‐based materials.
The combination of FLT3 and SYK kinase inhibitors is toxic to leukaemia cells with CBL mutations
Authors: Weisberg Ellen , Meng Chengcheng , Case Abigail E. , Tiv Hong L. , Gokhale Prafulla C. , Toure Anthia A. , Buhrlage Sara , Liu Xiaoxi , Wang Jinhua , Gray Nathanael , Stone Richard , Adamia Sophia , Winer Eric , Sattler Martin , Griffin James D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMutations in the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL, found in several myeloid neoplasms, lead to decreased ubiquitin ligase activity. In murine systems, these mutations are associated with cytokine‐independent proliferation, thought to result from the activation of hematopoietic growth receptors, including FLT3 and KIT. Using cell lines and primary patient cells, we compared the activity of a panel of FLT3 inhibitors currently being used or tested in AML patients and also evaluated the effects of inhibition of the non‐receptor tyrosine kinase, SYK. We show that FLT3 inhibitors ranging from promiscuous to highly targeted are potent inhibitors of growth of leukaemia cells expressing mutant CBL in vitro, and we demonstrate in vivo efficacy of midostaurin using mouse models of mutant CBL. Potentiation of effects of targeted FLT3 inhibition by SYK inhibition has been demonstrated in models of mutant FLT3‐positive AML and AML characterized by hyperactivated SYK. Here, we show that targeted SYK inhibition similarly enhances the effects of midostaurin and other FLT3 inhibitors against mutant CBL‐positive leukaemia. Taken together, our results support the notion that mutant CBL‐expressing myeloid leukaemias are highly sensitive to available FLT3 inhibitors and that this effect can be significantly augmented by optimum inhibition of SYK kinase.
Process and outcome evaluation of a CBME intervention guided by program theory
Authors: Hamza Deena M. , Ross Shelley , Oandasan Ivy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRationaleCompetency‐based medical education (CBME) has gained momentum as an improved training model, but literature on outcomes of CBME, including evaluation of implementation processes, is minimal. We present a case for the following: (a) the development of a program theory is essential prior to or in the initial stages of implementation of CBME; (b) the program theory should guide the strategies and methods for evaluation that will answer questions about anticipated and unintended outcomes; and (c) the iterative process of testing assumptions and hypotheses will lead to modifications to the program theory to inform best practices of implementing CBME.MethodsWe use the Triple C Competency‐based Curriculum as a worked example to illustrate how process and outcome evaluation, guided by a program theory, can lead to meaningful enhancement of CBME curriculum, assessment, and implementation strategies. Using a mixed methods design, the processes and outcomes of Triple C were explored through surveys, interviews, and historical document review, which captured the experiences of various stakeholders.FindingsThe theory‐led program evaluation process was able to identify areas that supported CBME implementation: the value of a strong nondirective national vertical core supporting the transformation in education, program autonomy, and adaptability to pre‐existing local context. Areas in need of improvement included the need for ongoing support from College of Family Physicians of Canada (CFPC) and better planning for shifts in program leadership over time.ConclusionsDeliberately pairing evaluation alongside change is an important activity and, when accomplished, yields valuable information from the experiences of those implementing and experiencing a program. Evaluation and the development of an updated program theory facilitate the introduction of new changes and theories that build on these findings, which also supports the desired goal of contributing toward cumulative science rather than “reinventing the wheel.”
Incidence of myeloproliferative neoplasms – trends by subgroup and age in a population‐based study in Sweden
Authors: Hultcrantz M. , Ravn Landtblom A. , Andréasson B. , Samuelsson J. , Dickman P. W. , Kristinsson S. Y. , Björkholm M. , Andersson T. M.‐L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe reported incidence of Philadelphia‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) differs substantially between previous reports, likely due to true regional differences in incidence and/or variations in the quality and coverage of the cancer registers.ObjectiveWe therefore assessed MPN incidence in Sweden during recent years using prospectively collected information captured in Swedish health registers.MethodsPatients with MPNs were identified through the Swedish Cancer Register and Swedish Blood Cancer Register between 2000 and 2014. Information on the Swedish population was obtained from the Human Mortality Database. Crude and age‐standardized incidence rates of MPNs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.ResultsA total of 6281 MPN cases were reported to the Swedish Cancer Register and Swedish Blood Cancer Register during 2000–2014. The age‐standardized, to the Swedish population in 2000, incidence for all MPNs was 4.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.34–4.56)/100 000 person‐years. The age‐standardized incidence for polycythemia vera was 1.48 (1.42–1.54), for essential thrombocythemia 1.60 (1.53–1.66) and for primary myelofibrosis 0.52 (0.48–0.56)/100 000 person‐years, respectively. The incidence rate of MPNs was substantially higher in the older compared to the younger age groups. The incidence increased during the study period, likely to do better reporting and increasing age of the general population.ConclusionThe reported MPN incidences in our study, which were in the higher interval of previously published studies, are likely more accurate compared to previous reports due to the population‐based setting and high level of coverage in the Swedish Cancer and Blood Cancer Registers.
Melatonin alleviates vascular calcification and ageing through exosomal miR‐204/miR‐211 cluster in a paracrine manner
Authors: Xu Feng , Zhong Jia‐Yu , Lin Xiao , Shan Su‐Kang , Guo Bei , Zheng Ming‐Hui , Wang Yi , Li Fuxingzi , Cui Rong‐Rong , Wu Feng , Zhou En , Liao Xiao‐Bo , Liu You‐Shuo , Yuan Ling‐Qing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the elderly with atherosclerosis, hypertension and diabetes, vascular calcification and ageing are ubiquitous. Melatonin (MT) has been demonstrated to impact the cardiovascular system. In this study, we have shown that MT alleviates vascular calcification and ageing, and the underlying mechanism involved. We found that both osteogenic differentiation and senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were attenuated by MT in a MT membrane receptor‐dependent manner. Moreover, exosomes isolated from VSMCs or calcifying vascular smooth muscle cells (CVSMCs) treated with MT could be uptaken by VSMCs and attenuated the osteogenic differentiation and senescence of VSMCs or CVSMCs, respectively. Moreover, we used conditional medium from MT‐treated VSMCs and Transwell assay to confirm exosomes secreted by MT‐treated VSMCs attenuated the osteogenic differentiation and senescence of VSMCs through paracrine mechanism. We also found exosomal miR‐204/miR‐211 mediated the paracrine effect of exosomes secreted by VSMCs. A potential target of these two miRs was revealed to be BMP2. Furthermore, treatment of MT alleviated vascular calcification and ageing in 5/6‐nephrectomy plus high‐phosphate diet‐treated (5/6 NTP) mice, while these effects were partially reversed by GW4869. Exosomes derived from MT‐treated VSMCs were internalised into mouse artery detected by in vivo fluorescence image, and these exosomes reduced vascular calcification and ageing of 5/6 NTP mice, but both effects were largely abolished by inhibition of exosomal miR‐204 or miR‐211. In summary, our present study revealed that exosomes from MT‐treated VSMCs could attenuate vascular calcification and ageing in a paracrine manner through an exosomal miR‐204/miR‐211.
Do psychologists understand honor cultures when they operationalize them?
Authors: Barnes Collin D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper brings the thought of philosopher and world‐class chemist Michael Polanyi to bear on psychologists' study of honor cultures. After reviewing some fundamentals of Polanyi's outlook on science and persons, the paper develops a heuristic involving two dimensions to the process of knowing others—one that is integrative, another that is affective—in which seeing with honor cultures only characterizes one side of the intersection between these dimensions. This leads on to consideration of the Honor Ideology for Manhood scale (Barnes, Brown, & Osterman, 2012), an operationalization of honor in the southern U.S. that misses understanding because of impairments it naturally suffers as an instrument of detachment. The possibility follows that understanding as seeing with another culture most readily succeeds when that culture's way of life is personally indwelt so that the psychologist directly encounters what its members can speak of and only convey by showing. The distinction Polanyi makes between explicit and tacit knowledge informs this proposal, and his vision of apprenticing—such as occurs between masters and pupils in the training of a science or an art—is presented as an exemplary form of such encounters.
Is Excess Weight Penalised or Rewarded in Middle‐Income Countries’ Labour Markets? Comparative Evidence from China, India and Mexico
Authors: Clément Matthieu , Levasseur Pierre , Seetahul Suneha 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARYThis comparative study examines the relationship between excess weight and hourly wages in the unprecedented context of middle‐income countries. We compare three countries that are at different stages of the nutrition transition: India (at an early stage), China (at an intermediate stage) and Mexico (at an advanced stage). To do so, we use three distinct household surveys and combine different estimation procedures. Our results emphasise a wage penalty of underweight together with a wage reward of excess weight in India, pointing towards the persistence of pro‐fat social norms in a country where hunger is still highly prevalent. Conversely, we observe significant overweight and obesity wage penalties in China, especially in non‐manual jobs, probably due to a large diffusion of anti‐fat social norms in a country where hunger is residual and normal weight predominant. In Mexico, we find an overweight wage premium in manual jobs and no effect in non‐manual jobs. We speculate that the large‐scale diffusion of excess weight may lead to its greater social acceptance (i.e. ‘new’ pro‐fat norms). Finally, we explore the potential transmission channels through which bodyweight may affect wages. We provide evidence of potential anti‐fat discrimination in China and pro‐fat‐discrimination in India and Mexico. Our results have important implications in terms of public health policy.
Suppression of tooth movement‐induced sclerostin expression using β‐adrenergic receptor blockers
Authors: Uchibori Shiho , Sekiya Takeo , Sato Takuma , Hayashi Kaori , Takeguchi Atsushi , Muramatsu Ryujiro , Ishizuka Kyoko , Kondo Hisataka , Miyazawa Ken , Togari Akifumi , Goto Shigemi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveRegulation of bone metabolism by the sympathetic nervous system has recently been clarified. Tooth movement is increased by increased bone metabolic turnover due to sympathetic activation. This study aimed to compare the effects of the β‐adrenergic receptor (β‐AR) blockers atenolol (β1‐AR blocker), butoxamine (β2‐AR blocker) and propranolol (non‐selective β‐AR blocker) on tooth movement in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with sympathicotonia.Materials and MethodsSpontaneously hypertensive rats were divided into the following four groups: an SHR control group and groups treated with 0.1 mg/kg atenolol, 1 mg/kg butoxamine or 1 mg/kg propranolol (n = 6 rats/group). Atenolol, butoxamine or propranolol was administered daily to each treatment group, and orthodontic force was applied using a closed‐coil spring. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis was performed for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL) and sclerostin (SOST).ResultsAtenolol, butoxamine and propranolol inhibited tooth movement and increased maxillary alveolar bone volume. Histological analysis revealed that these β‐AR blockers decreased osteoclast activity on the compression side. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that atenolol, butoxamine and propranolol decreased the number of RANKL‐ and SOST‐positive osteocytes on the compression side.Conclusionsβ‐AR blockers decreased tooth movement and downregulated SOST in osteocytes, accompanied by increasing alveolar bone resorption.