bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical relationship between the morphology of the styloid process of the ulna and the attachment of the radioulnar ligaments
Authors: Horiuchi Saya , Nimura Akimoto , Tsutsumi Masahiro , Suzuki Shiro , Fujita Koji , Nozaki Taiki , Akita Keiichi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe radioulnar ligaments are the major stabilizers of the distal radioulnar joint under dynamic loading; however, anatomical detail regarding their attachment on the middle and distal thirds of the styloid process of the ulna remains unclear. Because previous anatomical studies included only old cadavers, their anatomical findings might not reflect the morphological features of younger and healthy specimens. This study investigated the anatomical features of the distal ulna, particularly the styloid process, to determine the attachment of the radioulnar ligaments to the styloid process and verified their direction and attachment to the styloid process in younger and healthy donors using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We investigated the morphological features of the distal ulna of 12 cadaveric wrists using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT). We also visualized and measured the distribution of the cortical bone thickness. We histologically analyzed three specimens in the axial plane and macroscopically analyzed seven specimens to examine the attachment of the radioulnar ligaments to the styloid process. In addition, we evaluated five wrists from living volunteers using 3.0 Tesla MRI. The distal ulna has a ridge on the dorsoradial aspect of the styloid process that corresponds to the attachment of the radioulnar ligaments. Micro‐CT images after data processing revealed that the cortical thickness of the dorsoradial quadrant was thicker than that of the other quadrant at the proximal slice of the styloid process (p < 0.01), and that of the dorsoulnar (p = 0.021) and ulnopalmar (p < 0.01) quadrants at the middle slice. Histological analyses showed that the radioulnar ligaments were attached to the middle and distal thirds of the styloid process via chondral‐apophyseal entheses. The direction of the fiber was dorsal in the middle third of the styloid process and changed to palmar in the distal third of the styloid process. The direction and attachment of the radioulnar ligaments on the styloid process were confirmed using MRI for younger and healthy participants. The radioulnar ligaments were attached to the dorsoradial ridge of the styloid process, which was confirmed by cortical bone thickening, histology at the attachment sites, and in vivo MR imaging. The directions of the radioulnar ligaments sterically intersected, which would satisfy both slipping stability and rotational mobility. These anatomical findings may provide the basis for biomechanical consideration of distal radioulnar joint stabilization.
Long‐term stability of a novel platelet‐rich plasma–based topical serum for cutaneous applications
Authors: Anitua Eduardo , Pino Ander , Zalduendo Mar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin alterations are usually related to chronic diseases that demand sustained and long‐term dosages; hence, it is pivotal that the stability of treatments is preserved. A novel storable and endogenous topical serum (ES) based on the patient's own blood has been recently developed.AimsTo investigate the long‐term stability of the formulation and to provide preliminary data of its biologic potential.MethodsSamples from six donors were obtained and either used as fresh samples or cold‐stored for 6 months. Physicochemical, rheological, and biological stability of the formulation was determined.ResultsEndogenous topical serum maintained unaltered its organoleptic properties, viscosity, pH, spreadability index, and sterility. The growth factor content including TGFβ‐I, EGF, PDGF‐AB, HGF, and Ang‐I showed no decrease. In contrast, ES showed lower levels of IGF‐I once stored. Dermal fibroblasts showed no change in their proliferative activity.ConclusionEndogenous topical serum showed to maintain its physicochemical and biological properties after six months of storage. ES might reduce the frequency of blood extractions and would enable patients with chronic disorders to maintain a daily use of the product in a minimally invasive way.
Trajectory of extracellular fluid volume over time and subsequent risks of end‐stage kidney disease and mortality in chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Faucon A.‐L. , Leffondré K. , Flamant M. , Metzger M. , Boffa J.‐J. , Haymann J.‐P. , Houillier P. , Thervet E. , Vrtovsnik F. , Proust‐Lima C. , Stengel B. , Vidal‐Petiot E. , Geri G. ,   for the NephroTest study group
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundExtracellular fluid volume (ECF) is independently associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and mortality in patients with CKD, but the prognostic value of the trajectory of ECF over time beyond that of baseline value is unknown.ObjectivesTo characterize ECF trajectory and evaluate its association with the risks of end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) and mortality.MethodsFrom the prospective tricentric NephroTest cohort, we included 1588 patients with baseline measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) ≥15 mL min−1/1.73 m2 and ECF measurement. ECF and GFR were measured repeatedly using the distribution volume and clearance of 51Cr‐EDTA, respectively. ESKD and mortality were traced through record linkage with the national registries. Adjusted shared random‐effect joint models were used to analyse the association between the trajectory of ECF over time and the two competing outcomes.ResultsPatients were mean age 58.7 years, 66.7% men, mean mGFR of 43.6 ± 18.6 mL min−1/1.73 m2 and mean ECF of 16.1 ± 3.6 L. Over a median follow‐up of 5.3 [IQR: 3.0;7.4] years, ECF increased by 136 [95%CI 106;167] mL per year on average, whilst diuretic prescription and 24‐hour urinary sodium excretion remained stable. ESKD occurred in 324 (20.4%) patients, and 185 (11.6%) patients died before ESKD. A higher current value of ECF was associated with increased hazards of ESKD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.12 [95%CI 1.06;1.18]; P < 0.001 per 1 L increase in ECF), and death before ESKD (aHR: 1.10 [95%CI 1.04;1.17]; P = 0.002).ConclusionsThe current value of ECF was associated with the risks of ESKD and mortality, independent of multiple potential confounders, including kidney function decline. This highlights the need for a close monitoring and adjustment of treatment to avoid fluid overload in CKD patients.
Toward a More Credible Understanding of Post‐Traumatic Growth
Authors: Jayawickreme Eranda , Infurna Frank J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTraditional research on post‐traumatic growth has utilized methodologically flawed cross‐sectional designs that involve retrospective assessments of post‐traumatic growth. This has resulted in a majority of research in this field suffering from a lack of credibility and reliability. In this special issue, we present nine articles that seek to make innovative conceptual and methodological contributions with the goal of promoting better research practices on post‐traumatic growth. In the introduction to this special issue, we provide an overview of these contributions, and discuss the implications of these articles both to improving future scholarship and to encouraging personality scientists to examine this important phenomenon in the years and decades to come.
Big Five facets' associations with pro‐environmental attitudes and behaviors
Authors: Soutter Alistair Raymond Bryce , Mõttus René 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClimate change mandates us to understand why individuals do (not) behave pro‐environmentally and personality traits are well suited for this purpose. Past research has mostly focused on how broad domain‐level personality traits were associated with pro‐environmental attitudes and behaviors. In two datasets (N = 501 and 287), we examined whether personality facets provided a more detailed picture of how personality traits were associated with pro‐environmental attitudes and behaviors. It was found that some facets were the main drivers of domain‐level associations. Furthermore, it was found that facets, collectively, predicted pro‐environmental attitudes (r = .50 to .52) and behaviors (r = .29 to .42) in holdout datasets. This predictive ability was on par with the predictive ability of domains. Therefore, facets provided a greater understanding of how personality traits were associated with pro‐environmental attitudes and behaviors. Furthermore, facets provided a similar predictive ability of pro‐environmental attitudes and behaviors to that of domains.
The dark core of personality and socially aversive psychopathology
Authors: Hilbig Benjamin E. , Thielmann Isabel , Klein Sina A. , Moshagen Morten , Zettler Ingo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveAlthough dark traits as studied in mainstream personality research and socially aversive psychopathology as studied in abnormal psychology intend to account for the same classes of behavior, their degree of conceptual and, consequently, empirical correspondence has remained limited at best. We aim to overcome this divide by demonstrating clear convergence between the common core of all dark traits (the Dark Factor of Personality, D) and the four prominent instances of socially aversive psychopathology: narcissistic, antisocial, paranoid, and borderline tendencies.MethodIn a large‐scale, eight‐month longitudinal study we assessed D, basic personality (the six HEXACO dimensions), and narcissistic, antisocial, paranoid, and borderline tendencies at time 1 (N = 2,329) and the latter aversive tendencies again at time 2 (N = 668) using different inventories.ResultsD predicted all instances of socially aversive psychopathology cross‐sectionally and longitudinally, with a large effect size on average, beyond the six HEXACO dimensions and even beyond the very same instances (measured through a different inventory).ConclusionsBridging mainstream personality and abnormal psychology, the findings reveal strong, theory‐consistent correspondence between dark traits and socially aversive psychopathology once dark traits are viewed through the lens of their common core, D.
Differential ability of network and natural language information on social media to predict interpersonal and mental health traits
Authors: Mori Kazuma , Haruno Masahiko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have shown that digital footprints (mainly Social Networking Services, or SNS) can predict personality traits centered on the Big Five. The present study investigates to what extent different types of SNS information predicts wider traits and attributes.MethodWe collected an intensive set of 24 (52 subscales) personality traits and attributes (N = 239) and examined whether machine learning models trained on four different types of SNS (i.e., Twitter) information (network, time, word statistics, and bag of words) predict the traits and attributes.ResultsWe found that four types of SNS information can predict 23 subscales collectively. Furthermore, we validated our hypothesis that the network and word statistics information, respectively, exhibit unique strengths for the prediction of inter‐personal traits such as autism and mental health traits such as schizophrenia and anxiety. We also found that intelligence is predicted by all four types of SNS information.ConclusionsThese results reveal that the different types of SNS information can collectivity predict wider human traits and attributes than previously recognized, and also that each information type has unique predictive strengths for specific traits and attributes, suggesting that personality prediction from SNS is a powerful tool for both personality psychology and information technology.
A low protein maternal diet during gestation has negative effects on male fertility markers in rats – A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Ajuogu Peter K. , Al‐Aqbi Mohammed A. K. , Hart Robert A. , McFarlane James R. , Smart Neil A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearch indicates that some adult diseases including reproductive pathologies are programmed in utero during foetal development. In particular, maternal low dietary protein, during the most critical developmental periods of male foetal development, may have a detrimental impact on male fertility through direct and epigenetic mechanisms. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of a gestational low protein diet on fertility markers in male offspring in rats through a systematic review and meta‐analysis. A systematic search using PubMed, and EMBASE databases was performed and two investigators independently screened the 1,703 prospective articles. Eleven articles met the eligibility criteria. Outcome measures were pooled using random‐effects models and expressed as mean differences (MDs) at 95% CIs for each study. The results reveal significant reduction in testis weight (MD (mean difference) −0.08 g; −0.12, −0.42; p = .0001), epididymal sperm count (MD −35.34 × 106 cells; −52.15, −18.53; p = .0001), number of Sertoli cells (MD −7.27 × 106 (−13.92, −0.62; p = .03), testosterone (T) concentration (MD −0.29 ng/ml; −0.48, −0.09; p = .004) and luteinising hormone (LH) concentration (MD of −0.24 ng/ml; −0.45, 0.04; p = .02) in comparison with controls. In contrast, follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration (MD of 0.07 ng/ml; −0.16, 0.29; p = .56) was not significantly different from controls. We conclude that low gestational dietary protein maternal intake potentially negatively impacts fertility in male progeny later in life. The mechanisms of action responsible for these phenomena remain unclear.
Expression of selected genes encoding mechanistic pathways, nutrient and amino acid transporters in jejunum and ileum of broiler chickens fed a reduced protein diet supplemented with arginine, glutamine and glycine under stress stimulated by dexamethasone
Authors: Barekatain Reza , Chrystal Peter V. , Gilani Saad , McLaughlan Clive J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReducing crude protein and supplementation with synthetic amino acids in poultry nutrition is a recent trend to avoid wastage of protein and ammonia in production systems. Stress has been shown to impair intestinal barrier and increase inflammatory response. This study was performed on intestinal tissues of broiler chickens to understand the mechanism of stress induced by a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX) and the effect of supplementation of arginine, glutamine and glycine in reduced protein diets. Intestinal tissue samples from a previous study were utilized. Male Ross 308 chickens received a basal diet for the first seven days and then fed with crude protein that was reduced to 194 g/kg in grower experimental diets supplemented with glutamine, glycine and additional arginine at 10, 10 and 5 g/kg respectively. Half of the 96 individual birds were injected with DEX (0.5 mg/kg body weight) or saline on days 14, 16, 18 and 20 of age. mRNA expression for jejunum and ileum for amino acid transporters (y+LAT‐1, Bo,+AT, EAAT‐3 and CAT‐1), mechanistic genes (SGLT‐1, mTOR, IAP and FABP‐2) and pro‐inflammatory genes (MUC‐2, NF‐κB, iNOS, IL‐8 and IL‐1β) were analysed using real‐time PCR. The results showed that DEX decreased y+ LAT1 in jejunum, Bo,+AT and EAAT‐3 in ileum. Arginine increased CAT‐1 in the jejunum and ileum under DEX treatment. Through an interaction, DEX reduced IAP in jejunum of glycine and arginine supplemented group and reduced mTOR in jejunum independently. DEX reduced MUC‐2 and iNOS in jejunum and increased iNOS and IL8 in the ileum. Amino acid supplementation did not appear to ameliorate these effects; however, there were some positive effects of glycine on NF‐κB and arginine through increased CAT‐1. Mechanistic understanding of amino acid supplementation in broiler diets warrants further research particularly when dietary protein is reduced below the level tested in the present study.
Inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms in free‐living and symbiotic dinoflagellates and chromerids
Authors: Raven John A. , Suggett David J. , Giordano Mario 
Published: July 2020

Photosynthetic dinoflagellates are ecologically and biogeochemically important in marine and freshwater environments. However, surprisingly little is known of how this group acquires inorganic carbon or how these diverse processes evolved. Consequently, how CO2 availability ultimately influences the success of dinoflagellates over space and time remains poorly resolved compared to other microalgal groups. Here we review the evidence. Photosynthetic core dinoflagellates have a Form II RuBisCO (replaced by Form IB or Form ID in derived dinoflagellates). The in vitro kinetics of the Form II RuBisCO from dinoflagellates are largely unknown, but dinoflagellates with Form II (and other) RuBisCOs have inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), as indicated by in vivo internal inorganic C accumulation and affinity for external inorganic C. However, the location of the membrane(s) at which the essential active transport component(s) of the CCM occur(s) is (are) unresolved; isolation and characterization of functionally competent chloroplasts would help in this respect. Endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae (in Foraminifera, Acantharia, Radiolaria, Ciliata, Porifera, Acoela, Cnidaria, and Mollusca) obtain inorganic C by transport from seawater through host tissue. In corals this transport apparently provides an inorganic C concentration around the photobiont that obviates the need for photobiont CCM. This is not the case for tridacnid bivalves, medusae, or, possibly, Foraminifera. Overcoming these long‐standing knowledge gaps relies on technical advances (e.g., the in vitro kinetics of Form II RuBisCO) that can functionally track the fate of inorganic C forms.
Can we understand food oral processing using Kano model? Case study with confectionery products
Authors: Djekic Ilija , Ilic Jovan , Guiné Raquel P. F. , Tomasevic Igor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study had two objectives, to determine oral processing parameters and its correlation with mechanical properties of selected confectionery products and to categorize oral processing and sensory attributes based on a Kano model. Thirteen panelists analyzed five confectionery products in the oral processing part of the study. In parallel, 327 interviews participated in a field survey to enable analyzing responses to food quality and oral processing attributes. It has been confirmed that oral processing parameters are interrelated with most of the mechanical properties of confectionery products. Average number of bites is correlated with consumption time per bite, chewing rate, and bite size. Consumption time and chewing rate were negatively correlated for Brownie cake. Satiation was associated with eating rate and calorie intake rate for Jelly Candy and Waffle. All food quality requirements were categorized as “attractive” and “one‐dimensional.” Oral processing parameters—food breakdown and eating rate are aligned to “attractive” category, bite size was identified as a “must‐be” category, and number of chews is outlined as a “reverse” category. The Kano model results show that oral processing parameters have a strong influence on consumer satisfaction in parallel with well‐known sensorial characteristics associated with food quality.
The association of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiac structure and function—Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Chiu Laura S. , Pedley Alison , Massaro Joseph M. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Mitchell Gary F. , McManus David D. , Aragam Jayashri , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Cheng Susan , Long Michelle T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease confers increased risk for cardiovascular disease, including heart failure (HF), for reasons that remain unclear. Possible pathways could involve an association of liver fat with cardiac structural or functional abnormalities even after accounting for body size.MethodsWe analysed N = 2356 Framingham Heart Study participants (age 52 ± 12 years, 52% women) who underwent echocardiography and standardized computed tomography measures of liver fat.ResultsIn cross‐sectional multivariable regression models adjusted for age, gender, cohort and cardiovascular risk factors, liver fat was positively associated with left ventricular (LV) mass (β = 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 2.88), LV wall thickness (β = 0.01; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.02), mass volume ratio (β = 0.02; 95% CI 0.01, 0.03), mitral peak velocity (E) (β = 0.83; 95% CI 0.31, 1.36) and LV filling pressure (E/e′ ratio) (β = 0.16; 95% CI 0.09, 0.23); and inversely associated with global systolic longitudinal strain (β = 0.20, 95% CI 0.07, 0.33), diastolic annular velocity (e′) (β = −0.12; 95% CI − 0.22, −0.03), and E/A ratio (β = −0.01; 95% CI − 0.02, −0.00). After additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI), statistical significance was attenuated for all associations except for that of greater liver fat with increased LV filling pressure, a possible precursor to HF (β = 0.11; 95% CI 0.03, 0.18).ConclusionIncreased liver fat was associated with multiple subclinical cardiac dysfunction measures, with most of associations mediated by obesity. Interestingly, the association of liver fat and LV filling pressure was only partially mediated by BMI, suggesting a possible direct effect of liver fat on LV filling pressure. Further confirmatory studies are needed.
Liver histopathology in severe COVID 19 respiratory failure is suggestive of vascular alterations
Authors: Sonzogni Aurelio , Previtali Giulia , Seghezzi Michela , Grazia Alessio Maria , Gianatti Andrea , Licini Lisa , Morotti Denise , Zerbi Pietro , Carsana Luca , Rossi Roberta , Lauri Eleonora , Pellegrinelli Alessandro , Nebuloni Manuela 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSARS2‐CoV‐2 breakout in Italy caused a huge number of severely ill patients with a serious increase in mortality. Although lungs seem to be the main target of the infection, very few information are available about liver involvement, possibly evocating a systemic disease. Post‐mortem wedge liver biopsies from 48 patients died from severe pulmonary COVID‐19 disease with respiratory failure were collected from two main hospitals in northern Italy. No patient had clinical symptoms of liver disease or signs of liver failure before and during hospitalization; for each of them liver function tests were available. All liver samples showed minimal inflammation features. Histological pictures compatible with vascular alterations were observed, characterized by increase in number of portal vein branches associated with lumen massive dilatation, partial or complete luminal thrombosis of portal and sinusoidal vessels, fibrosis of portal tract, focally markedly enlarged and fibrotic. SARS‐CoV‐2 was found in 15 of 22 samples tested by in situ hybridization method. Our preliminary results confirm the clinical impression that liver failure is not a main concern and this organ is not the target of significant inflammatory damage. Histopathological findings are highly suggestive for marked derangement of intrahepatic blood vessel network secondary to systemic changes induced by virus that could target not only lung parenchyma but also cardiovascular system, coagulation cascade and endothelial layer of blood vessels. It still remains unclear if the mentioned changes are directly related to virus infection or if SARS‐CoV‐2 triggers a series of reactions leading to striking vascular alterations.