bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monthly endoscopy surveillance culture facilitates detection of breaches in the scope reprocessing procedure: 5 year-experience in an endoscopy center
Authors: Yen Hsu-Heng , Chen Shu-Hui , Lai Huei-Wen , Chang Hui-Lan , Hsu Yu-Chun , Siao Fu-Yuan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
AIM To review the clinical impact of monthly microbiology surveillance culture for monitoring endoscope contamination after high-level disinfection.METHODS Monthly surveillance culture of the endoscopes was conducted from January 2014 to December 2018 at our endoscopy center. A total of 1931 cultures were collected, including 765 cultures from 16 gastroscopes, 730 cultures from 18 colonoscopes, 379 cultures from 8 duodenalscopes, 46 cultures from 1 echoscopes, and 11 cultures from 1 enterscope. Cultures were obtained from ready-to-use endoscopes after a full reprocessing cycle and storage. Samples were cultured to test for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.RESULTS The positive culture rates for the endoscope were 2% (15/765) for gastroscopes, 1.9% (14/730) for colonoscopes, 0.8% (3/379) for duodenscopes, 4.3% (2/46) for echoscopes, and 9.1% (1/11) for enterscopes. These findings were predominantly attributed to human factors (71.4%, 25/35) followed by storage cabinet failure (14.3%, 5/35), automatic endoscope reprocessing failure (11.4%, 4/35), and endoscope channel damage (2.8%, 1/35). Multivariate analysis showed that the years 2015 [odds ratio (OR) 0.19, 0.04 to 0.91], 2016 (OR 0.21, 0.05 to 0.80), and 2017 (OR 0.22, 0.06 to 0.83) were associated with decreased risk of endoscope contamination. The age, type, and number of times the scope was used were not related to contamination.CONCLUSIONS A low risk of endoscope contamination was found over a 5-year period in our endoscopy center. The most common cause of contamination was human factor. Duodenalscopes showed the lowest scope contamination rate. We suggested the implantation of a systematic endoscope culture regardless of the type of scope to facilitate early detection of breaches in the scope reprocessing procedure in clinical practice.
Molecular diversity of Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp. and Blastocystis sp. in asymptomatic school children in Leganés, Madrid (Spain)
Authors: Muadica Aly Salimo , Köster Pamela C , Dashti Alejandro , Bailo Begoña , de Mingo Marta Heernández , Reh Lucia , Balasegaram Sooria , Verlander Neville Q , Chércoles Esther Ruiz , Carmena David 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background: The protozoa Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., the stramenopile Blastocystis sp. and the microsporidia Enterocytozoon bieneusi are among the most frequent diarrheal pathogens affecting humans globally. This molecular epidemiological study assesses the frequency and molecular diversity of these intestinal parasites in schoolchildren in central Spain, complementing previously published data on risk and protective factors associated with parasite infection (Reh et al., Euro Surveill. 2019;24).Methods: Stool samples were collected from voluntary asymptomatic schoolchildren (4‒14 years) and their siblings (1‒16 years) attending 12 primary and secondary schools in Leganés (Madrid). Initial detection of pathogens was conducted by PCR-based methods targeting the small subunit (ssu) ribosomal RNA or the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes of these parasite species. Genotyping of G. duodenalis-positive samples was carried out by PCR and Sanger sequencing of appropriate markers including the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), the ß-giardin (bg), and triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) loci. For C. hominis/C. parvum-positive samples the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) locus was used.Results: A total of 1,512 stool samples were analysed. Giardia duodenalis was the most prevalent pathogen (17.4%, 95% CI: 15.5‒19.4%), followed by Blastocystis sp. (13.0%, 95% CI: 11.4‒14.8%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (0.9%, 95% CI: 0.5%‒1.5%). Enterocytozoon bieneusi was not detected. Sequence analyses of the 24 G. duodenalis isolates genotyped at the gdh, bg, and/or tpi loci revealed the presence of sub-assemblages AII (16.6%, 4/24) and BIV (79.2%, 19/24). An additional sequence (4.2%, 1/24) represented an ambiguous BIII/BIV result. Analyses of the 14 Cryptosporidium sequences generated at the ssu rRNA allowed the identification of C. hominis (71.4%; 10/14) and C. parvum (21.4%; 3/14). An additional sequence (7.2%, 1/14) was only identified at the genus level. A total of 162 Blastocystis sp. isolates were successfully genotyped, revealing the presence of five subtypes including ST1 (22.8%; 37/162), ST2 (36.4%; 59/162), ST3 (21.6%; 35/162), ST4 (18.6%; 30/162), and ST8 (0.6%; 1/162).Conclusions: Giardia duodenalis sub-assemblage BIV, Cryptosporidium hominis and Blastocystis ST2 were the genetic variants of these parasite species more prevalent in the asymptomatic schoolchildren population investigated. These findings are very similar to those previously reported in clinical, symptomatic populations in Spain. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was absent in apparently healthy schoolchildren.
¿De quién son estos pensamientos? Examinando el modelo top-down de las atribuciones de agencia mental
Authors: López-Silva Pablo 
Published: December 2019

Resumen: Las atribuciones de agencia mental se definen como el acto de asignar el inicio o autoría de un pensamiento fenoménico en 1era persona a un agente específico. Este tipo de atribución es fundamental para la producción de la creencia de que los seres humanos somos agentes racionales no solamente en términos conductuales, sino que también cognitivos. La teoría top-down - uno de los enfoques dominantes en la literatura actual - sugiere que las atribuciones de agencia mental emergen como explicaciones retrospectivas de carácter racional a la ocurrencia de pensamientos fenoménicos en primera persona. De esta forma, la agencia de un pensamiento no es parte de su contenido fenoménico inicial, sino que una categoría impuesta tras un análisis retrospectivo. Tras introducir algunos aspectos básicos sobre la discusión, el presente artículo ofrece una evaluación crítica del modelo top-down con el fin de identificar sus fortalezas y debilidades argumentativas. El artículo concluye que, si bien el modelo posee méritos importantes, éste no está en condiciones de responder a ciertos desafíos conceptuales fundamentales.
Antarctic Skuas as bioindicators of local and global mercury contamination
Authors: COSTA Erli Schneider , SANTOS Maria Mercedes , CORIA Nestor Rubem , TORRES João Paulo Machado , MALM Olaf , ALVES Maria Alice dos Santos 
Published: December 2019

Mercury (Hg) is a non-essential metal, sometimes extremely toxic, and its presence in the food-web may threaten the wildlife. In seabirds, even low levels of Hg can reduce egg production and the chances of embryos and chicks survival; high levels of this element lead to erratic behavior, loss of appetite and weight, and cellular damages in organs as kidneys can be detected. According to some authors, among 50 to 93% of the total Hg accumulated by the birds through diet can be excreted throughout the feathers during the molting process. In this way, feathers can be used as an excellent non-invasive biomonitor. The objective of this paper was to compared mercury (Hg) levels in feathers of adults and chicks of Catharacta maccormicki(Cma) and C. lonnbergi (Clo) sampled in the Antarctic Peninsula, to identify biomonitors of Hg to the region using non-invasive samples methods. We found Hg significantly higher levels in adults of Cma comparing with Clo adults (U'=841.00, p<0.01) and also with chicks of both species (q>3.398, p<0.01). We did not find significant differences comparing Clo adults and chicks of both species (U'=16.00, p<0.05), and comparing Cma breeding in different areas (q>3.398, p<0.05) or Clo (U'= 62.00, p < 0.05). The Hg levels variation may be justified mainly by differences in migration patterns. The adults of the species that migrate to more polluted areas (Cma) presented the highest levels of Hg and can be considered a promising indicator of global contamination. In another way, Clo and chicks of both species are good indicators of local Hg contamination, suffering the direct influence of contamination in the Antarctic environment.
Aspectos da política de formação continuada de professores implementada pelos CEFAPROs de Mato Grosso
Authors: Mello Angela Rita Christofolo de , Silva Albina Pereira de Pinho , Taborda Cleuza Regina Balan 
Published: December 2019

O artigo publiciza resultados de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, que analisou, de forma interpretativa, a política de formação continuada ofertada aos professores, pela via dos Centros de Formação e Atualização dos Profissionais da Educação Básica (CEFAPROs) de Mato Grosso, nos últimos dez anos. Para tanto, investigou-se se o trabalho realizado pelos Centros foi reconhecido pelos docentes, como também, se as propostas formativas atenderam as demandas de formação continuada destes. Concluiu-se que os diferentes e contraditórios dilemas e perspectivas apontados pelos professores são inúmeros. As informações retrataram um contexto adverso e conflituoso. Contudo, a conjuntura analisada, dentre outros aspectos, reedita que a oferta de formação continuada, necessariamente pauta-se nas reflexões das ações realizadas pelos professores no interior das salas de aulas. Apreende-se, portanto, que os professores precisam ter autonomia para planejarem a formação em atenção às suas demandas formativa.
Antipsychotic Activity Of Ethyl Acetate Extract Of Ficus Benghalensis Linn.
Authors: Wal Ankita , Wal Pranay , Pal Rashmi Saxena , Pal Yogendra 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Ficus benghalensis Linn is mentioned to have CNS lively principle and is used for the remedy of various neurological problems.

Objective:
Ficus benghalensis Linn is mentioned to have CNS lively principle and is used for the remedy of various neurological problems. Consequently, the effect of ethyl acetate extract of Ficus benghalensis Linn changed into investigated for its putative antipsychotic interest, the usage of amphetamine challenged rat version. Ketamine (3 mg/kg intraperitoneally) turned into administered acutely to mice as widespread drug.

Material and methods:
Successive extraction of ficus was done in different solvents. Phytochemical screening and toxicity studies were performed. Then the extract was screened for its anti-psychotic potential as Locomotor activity (representing positive symptoms)Forced swim test (representing negative symptoms)Catalepsy Scoring (Horizontal bar test)Compulsive behaviour test.

Result:
The outcomes in spontaneous locomotor activity confirmed that the ethyl acetate extract of the bark of Ficus benghalensis Linn at a dose level of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, and a 1000 mg/kg confirmed no considerable antipsychotic pastime in amphetamine brought about hyperactivity in mice whilst compared to standard.

Conclusion:
The extract ethyl acetate of Ficus benghalenis Linn bark has showed decreased effect of locomotor activity and increase in catalepsy scoring. Thus it shows anti-psychotic.

:
Extract at a dose stage of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg showed a reduced in locomotor activity while as compared to the standard.
Revealing Changes in Curcumin Bioavailability using Vitamin C as an Enhancer by HPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Dai Xufen , Hao Jiaxue , Feng Ying , Wang Jing , Li Qiannan , Ma Cuicui , Wang Xing , Chang Zhongman , Wang Shixiang , Wang Yuxin 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Curcumin (CUR), a natural isolated compound from turmeric, helps in
fighting many diseases, but the broad application of curcumin has been limited ascribed to low bioavailability.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to pursue the enhancement of curcumin bioavailability through coadministration
of vitamin C.

Methods:
Such purpose was achieved through the analysis of curcumin pharmacokinetics by highperformance
liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization - tandem mass spectrometry
(HPLC - ESI - MS/MS). The plasma was separated on a C18 reverse-phase column using acetonitrile
and ammonium formate solution (pH 6.5; 2.0 mM) at 0.8 mL/min. MS/MS detection was carried out in
negative mode using mass patterns of m/z 367.0 > 216.7 for curcumin and m/z 265.2 > 223.9 for internal
standard (honokiol).

Results:
Successful application of the proposed method in the pharmacokinetic study presented clear
changes in key pharmacokinetic parameters, including the growth of AUC (0-t) up to 2.4 times, a 2.2-
fold increase of Cmax, 2.2-fold loss of CL, and 1.5-fold diminishment of t1/2.

Conclusion:
An HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the determination of curcumin in rat plasma and validated
the improvement of bioavailability of curcumin through co-administration of vitamin C was determined.
These changes were reasoned to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation induced by the use of
vitamin C. Such a simple strategy is possible to become an alternative for enhancing curcumin efficiency
in practice.
Highly Sensitive Detection of CB [7] Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer between RhB and Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Zeng Yan , Shi Qikun , Yang Xiran , Chatterjee Sobhan , Lv Zaosheng , Liang Feng 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n], n=5, 6, 7, 8 and 10）is a type of macrocyclic compounds
formed by n glycerol units and 2n methylene. The different sizes of the cavity lead to the
different chemical characteristics of CB[n]. Therefore, it is very important to distinguish and detect
CB[n].

Methods:
At room temperature, Rhodamine B was added to a gold nanoparticles solution. The above
mixture was respectively mixed with different concentrations of Cucurbituril[n] or β-cyclodextrin
solutions. The fluorescence spectra and ultraviolet-visible spectra of samples were determined.

Results:
It was found that 1.2nM gold nanoparticles could quench the fluorescence of 1μM Rhodamine
B completely. After adding a certain amount of Cucurbituril[7], the fluorescence intensity of
Rhodamine B was restored. Compared with other macrocyclic compounds, such as Cucurbituril[5],
Cucurbituril[6] and β-cyclodextrin, we found that this method had unique selectivity for Cucurbituril[
7]. Under the optimal conditions, the fluorescence recovery efficiency was linearly proportional
to the concentration of Cucurbituril[7] in the range of 0.8-8 μg·mL-1. The detection limit was 0.21
μg·mL-1.

Conclusion:
The research established an effective and practical FRET-based detection method for
CB[7] with RhB as a donor and the gold nanoparticles as the acceptor. The system had unique and
extensive selectivity for CB[7].
PET/CT and the Response to Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer
Authors: Evangelista Laura , Sepulcri Matteo , Pasello Giulia 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
In recent years, the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has significantly
changed the outcome of patients affected by lung cancer and cutaneous melanoma. Although the
clinical advantages, the selection of patients and the evaluation of response to immunotherapy remain
unclear, the immune-related Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor (irRECIST) was proposed as
an update of the RECIST criteria for the assessment of response to immunotherapy. However, morphological
images cannot predict early response to therapy that represents a challenge in clinical practice.
18F-FDG PET/CT before and after immunotherapy has an indeterminate role, demonstrating ambiguous
results due to inflammatory effects secondary to activation of the immune system. The aim of the
present review was to analyze the role of PET/CT as a guide for immunotherapy, by analyzing the
current status and future perspectives.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted in order to select all papers that discussed the role of
PET/CT with FDG or other tracers in the evaluation or prediction of response to immunotherapy in
lung cancer patients.

Results:
Many papers are now available. Many clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of immunotherapy
in lung cancer patients. FDG PET/CT can be used for the prediction of response to immunotherapy,
while its utility for the evaluation of response is not still clearly reported. Moreover, the standardization
of FDG PET/CT interpretation is missing and different criteria, such as information, have
been investigated until now.

Conclusions:
The utility of FDG PET/CT for patients with lung cancer undergoing immunotherapies is
still preliminary and not well addressed. New agents for PET are promising, but large clinical trials are
mandatory.
“Doing” Internationalization
Authors: Beck Kumari , Ilieva Roumiana 
Published: December 2019

In the context of an increasing commodification of education in a neoliberal academy, this paper explores the usefulness of frameworks for principled internationalization of higher education. We review recent theoretical analyses of ideologies and orientations of higher education internationalization as well as suggested approaches for principled and ethical internationalization as important signposts in that regard. We discuss data on the everyday experiences of internationalization of faculty, students and staff in one Faculty in Canada in light of these perspectives and propose guidelines that could influence internationalization practices in a more ethical and principled direction.
Синтез тонких пленок TiN, Ti и TiSi-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- для контактной системы солнечных элементов
Authors: Нусупов К.Х. , Бейсенханов Н.Б. , Бакранова Д.И. , Кейнбай С. , Турахун А.А. , Султан А.А. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract The influence of deposition parameters, such as: the magnetron power in the range 690–1400 W, the silicon substrate temperature 23–170°C, the N_2 gas flow rate 0.9–3.6 L/h, the Ar gas flow rate 0.06‒3.6 L/h, the ratio of N_2/Ar gas flows 1–60 on the thickness, the density, and the composition of the deposited films is analyzed. The maximum density 5.247 g/cm^3 corresponding to the TiN_0.786 = Ti_56N_44 composition has been achieved at the following deposition parameters: 1200 W, N/Ar = 1.8/0.06 L/h = 30, 0.8 Pa, 320 s, and 100°C. At temperatures 700–800°C, the mutual diffusion of titanium and silicon atoms through the interface leads to the active nucleation, the formation of nanocrystals and low-resistance metallization layers. X-ray diffraction shows that, during annealing at 700°C (30 min, Ar), the formation of phase TiSi_2 due to the diffusion of Ti atoms into silicon is twice more intense than the formation of Ti_5Si_3 due to the diffusion of silicon atoms into titanium as a result of high hardness of titanium. The average sizes of TiSi_2 decreases from 7.1 to 5.6 nm at 750°C due to the crystallization of the nuclei and increase to 9.2 nm at 800°C.
Influence of Health Literacy on Effects of Patient Rating Websites: Survey Study Using a Hypothetical Situation and Fictitious Doctors
Authors: Schulz Peter Johannes , Rothenfluh Fabia 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundPhysician rating websites (PRWs) are a device people use actively and passively, although their objective capabilities are insufficient when it comes to judging the medical performance and qualification of physicians. PRWs are an innovation born of the potential of the Internet and boosted very much by the longstanding policy of improving and encouraging patient participation in medical decision-making. A mismatch is feared between patient motivations to participate and their capabilities of doing so well. Awareness of such a mismatch might contribute to some skepticism of patient-written physician reviews on PRWs.ObjectiveWe intend to test whether health literacy is able to dampen the effects that a patient-written review of a physician’s performance might have on physician choice.MethodsAn experiment was conducted within a survey interview. Participants were put into a fictitious decision situation in which they had to choose between two physicians on the basis of their profiles on a PRW. One of the physician profiles contained the experimental stimulus in the form of a friendly and a critical written review. The dependent variable was physician choice. An attitude differential, trust differential, and two measures of health literacy, the newest vital sign as an example of a performance-based measure and eHealth Literacy Scale as an example of a perception-based measure, were tested for roles as intermediary variables. Analysis traced the influence of the review tendency on the dependent variables and a possible moderating effect of health literacy on these influences.ResultsReviews of a physician’s competence and medical skill affected participant choice of a physician. High health literacy dampened these effects only in the case of the perception-based measure and only for the negative review. Correspondingly, the effect of the review tendency appeared to be stronger for the positive review. Attitudes and trust only affected physician choice when included as covariants, considerably increasing the variance explained by regression models.ConclusionsFindings sustain physician worries that even one negative PRW review can affect patient choice and damage doctors’ reputations. Hopes that health literacy might raise awareness of the poor basis of physician reviews and ratings given by patients have some foundation.
Effectiveness of One-Way Text Messaging on Attendance to Follow-Up Cervical Cancer Screening Among Human Papillomavirus–Positive Tanzanian Women (Connected2Care): Parallel-Group Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Linde Ditte S , Andersen Marianne S , Mwaiselage Julius , Manongi Rachel , Kjaer Susanne K , Rasch Vibeke 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundRapid human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing is an emerging cervical cancer screening strategy in resource-limited countries, yet it requires follow-up of women who test HPV positive.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine if one-way text messages improved attendance to a 14-month follow-up cervical cancer screening among HPV-positive women.MethodsThis multicenter, parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted at 3 hospitals in Tanzania. Eligible participants were aged between 25 and 60 years, had tested positive to a rapid HPV test during a patient-initiated screening, had been informed of their HPV result, and had a private mobile phone with a valid number. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the intervention or control group through an incorporated algorithm in the text message system. The intervention group received one-way text messages, and the control group received no text messages. The primary outcome was attendance at a 14-month health provider-initiated follow-up screening. Participants were not blinded, but outcome assessors were. The analysis was based on intention to treat.ResultsBetween August 2015 and July 2017, 4080 women were screened for cervical cancer, of which 705 were included in this trial—358 women were allocated to the intervention group, and 347 women were allocated to the control group. Moreover, 16 women were excluded before the analysis because they developed cervical cancer or died (8 from each group). In the intervention group, 24.0% (84/350) women attended their follow-up screening, and in the control group, 23.8% (80/335) women attended their follow-up screening (risk ratio 1.02, 95% CI 0.79-1.33).ConclusionsAttendance to a health provider-initiated follow-up cervical cancer screening among HPV-positive women was strikingly low, and one-way text messages did not improve the attendance rate. Implementation of rapid HPV testing as a primary screening method at the clinic level entails the challenge of ensuring a proper follow-up of women.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02509702; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02509702.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/10.2196/15863