bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of HIV and HCV in Injecting Drug Users: Systematic and Meta-analysis Review protocol
Authors: Sharhani Asaad , Rahmani Azam , Armoon Bahram , Shushtari Zahra Jorjoran , Noroozi Mehdi , Ahounbar Elahe , karimi salah eddin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
introduction: HIV and HCV is a health concern in the word. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis protocol study is aimed to estimate the incidence of HIV and HCV among People who inject drugs (PWID) by applying mathematical modeling. The primary purpose of this systematic review is to identify and review existing studies of HIV and HCV incidence in people who inject drugs, that use mathematical modeling.
Methods and analysis: Studies including cohort, cross-sectional, case–control studies which were conducted to estimate incidence of HIV and HCV based on mathematical or evaluated effectiveness of mathematical models will be considered to enroll the review; a comprehensive search with Cochrane approach would be applied to identify relevant studies in electronic databases in the period of 2000 to 2019. This protocol was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and we will search PubMed, EMBASE, Opengrey, WOS, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library with no restriction of language. Study selection and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers. Assessment of risk of bias will be implemented using three quality test tools including Newcastle Ottawa Scale and ROBIS scale for cross-sectional studies and quantitative studies quality test tool for observational and interventional studies for other study Publication bias will be assessed by funnel plots, Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Heterogeneity will be evaluated using the I2 statistic and the χ2 test. In addition, subgroup analyses will be conducted for population and the secondary outcomes.
De novo transcriptome assembly of Premnotrypes vorax (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: C. Luisa-Fernanda Velásquez , Canton Pablo Emiliano , Sánchez-Flores Alejandro , Bravo Alejandra , Cerón Jairo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective: Premnotrypes vorax (P. vorax) is an insect pest that causes significant losses to potato crops in Colombia. Currently, the insect control is mainly done by using highly toxic chemical insecticides and there are no reports of any commercial biological control strategy against this pest. Hence, the objective of this study was to characterize the insect genetic expression to search for genes that could codify for Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxin receptors. Using an RNA-seq approach, we sequenced the mRNA from the insect tissue, performed a de novo assembly and analyzed the reconstructed transcriptome of P. vorax. To our knowledge, this is the first genetic report of this endemic insect which will set the basis of a possible biological control strategy.Results: The transcriptome data was obtained from dissected midgut tissue samples of P. vorax larvae. The isolated RNA was isolated and sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform with a configuration of 2x150pb reads. A total of 383,552,246 reads were obtained and subsequently a quality and cleaning process was performed through FastQC and Trimmomatic software, respectively. A novo assembly was done using the Trinity software, obtaining a transcriptome assembly with 25,631 genes that showed at least one annotation record, resulting in 74,984 transcript isoforms.
Design, Synthesis, and Anticancer Potential of the Enzyme (PARP-1) Inhibitor with Computational Studies of New Triazole, Thiazolidinone, - Thieno [2, 3-d] Pyrimidinones
Authors: Abu-Hashem Ameen Ali , Abu-Zied Khadiga Mohamed , AbdelSalam Zaki Magdi Elsayed , El-Shehry Mohamed Fathy , Awad Hanem Mohamed , Khedr Mohammed Abdou 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Thienopyrimidine, triazole and thiazolidinone derivatives have recently
gained attention due to their effective pharmacological activities. They show antioxidant, antitumor,
antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

Objective:
Synthesis of new ethyl 2-amino-4-isopropyl-5-methylthiophene-3-carboxylate (2) was
used as a starting material to produce 2-mercapto-methylthienopyrimidinone (3), (4) and 2-
hydrazinyl-methylthienopyrimidinone (5), through high yields and evaluating anticancer activities.

Method:
A series of novel Schiff's bases (6-9) were produced after treatment of (5) with aldehydes.
Triazolopyrimidinones (6a, 7a, 8a, 9a) were produced from cyclization of benzylidene (6-9) using
Br2 / AcOH or dry pyridine /Ac2O. Thiazolidinones (6b, 7b, 8b, 9b) were synthesized from
benzylidene (6-9) with mercaptoacetic acid.

Results:
All the compounds were synthesized in good yields (55-85%) in a regularly actual system
under mild condition. The new compounds have been established by means of diverse spectroscopic
ways as IR, NMR and MS. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their
antiproliferative activity against the breast MCF-7 carcinoma cell line. Compound (7) showed
promising anticancer activity with IC50 of 6.9 μM, and 40.8% of antioxidant effect as DPPH
inhibition. Molecular docking of (7) showed ΔG values of-20.54 kcal/ mol and -25.60 kcal/ mol.
Molecular dynamics simulation of (7) in complex with PARP-1 revealed RMSD of 3.00 Ǻ.

Conclusion:
The QSAR study confirmed the presence of a relationship between anticancer activity
and subdivided surface area descriptors with coefficient r2 = 0.98 with high predictive power.
Mutual Authentication using improved Chaotic Maps to remove packet dropping attack from MANETs
Authors: Atheeq C , Rabbani M. Munir Ahmed 
Published: January 2020

Background:
MANET is self-organized wireless network with no infrastructure. Especially data transfer from one system to another system needs to be done in a secure way. In order to provide data integrity, authentication plays an important role in data communication. RSA, ECC are widely used algorithms in real world but authentication using these algorithms is time consuming. Towards this, various algorithms came into existence with different security primitives. However, it is important to study the key agreement process among these security mechanisms. We have studied the patents related to secure end to end communication in MANET.

Methods:
Therefore our aim is to design chaos based mutual authentication algorithm that takes less time than these existing algorithms and evaluate with respect to attack resiliency, Packet delivery fraction, delay, throughput and overhead.

Results::
Simulation results show the result of the proposed mechanism and gives better performance in terms of said parameters.

Conclusion:
Comparison of proposed system presents better results when compared to RSA, ECC in terms of key generation mechanism.
Coronal Restorations and Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Dysfunction: A Survey Among General Practitioners of the Town of Abidjan
Authors: Avoaka-Boni Marie C. , Kaboré Wendpoulomdé A. D. , Djolé Stéphane X , Kouadio Alain A. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
The paper surveyed the knowledge of general practitioners to coronal restorations and temporomandibular dysfunction. The specific aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and therapeutic approaches of the general practitioners in terms of restoring occlusion, aesthetics and function after restorative treatments in other to make recommendations to prevent potential dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint.

Methodology:
A cross sectional descriptive survey was used. It was carried out on 86 dentists out of the entire population size of 152 dentists practicing within Abidjan’s center municipality, randomly selected from the database provided by the National College of Dental Surgeons of Ivory Coast. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect data, which was subsequently collated and analysed.

Results:
The majority of the practitioners (95.4%) knew how to diagnose TMJ dysfunction. The etiological factors were stress for 55.2% of the practitioners and amalgam overhang for 49.4% of them. The precautions used to avoid TMJ disorders consisted of good control of the occlusion after having performed a restoration (55%) and taking into account the occlusal morphology (32%) at the time of shaping. Fifty-four percent of the practitioners systematically reevaluated the restorations undertaken.

Conclusion:
Impairment of occlusion results in improper muscular responses and leads to changes in pressure at the level of the temporomandibular joint. This study revealed that the general practitioners of the town of Abidjan have a good level of knowledge of the consequences of poorly carried out restorations on the initiation of masticatory apparatus disorders.
In vitro Comparison of Apically Extruded Debris during Root Canal Retreatment with Rotary and Reciprocating Systems
Authors: Balseca María J. Burbano , Ayala Silvana B. Terán , da Costa Aznar Fábio D. , de Freitas-Aznar Adriana R. , Balseca Guillermo M. Aguirre , S. Freitas Karina M. 
Published: January 2020

Introduction:The extrusion of apical detritus during the retracting procedure is very important, as, besides eliminating materials of radicular obturation, aggressive agents and products such as the remains of dentin taken out, and microorganisms are generally located in tissue around the roots, producing undesired effects, such as inflammation, acute pain, post-operatory pain and delays in the periapical treatment.Objective:To determine the amount of apically extruded detritus using rotary and reciprocating retreatment systems.Methodology:An experimental comparative study as conducted in which 40 single-rooted human first premolars were analyzed. The instruments used were ProTaper Universal files up to F3 and sodium hypochlorite, and the sealing was made through the hybrid technique Tager. They were then kept at 37ºC and 100% of humidity for 15 days so that the sealing material would seal. For the retracting procedure, experimental tubes previously weighted were used. The sample was divided randomly into two groups of 20 pieces. Group A: ProTaper R, and group B: Reciproc. Then, the irrigating material (distilled water) was evaporated from the tubes for 12 hours in a stove at 105ºC, and the experimental tubes were weighted in an analytical precision weighing scale 10-5g. The data was analyzed through the T Student with a significance level of 5%.Results:Results indicated that groups A and B, retreatment with rotational ProTaper R and reciprocating retreatment system (Reciproc) showed a similar difference of initial and final weights, indicating similar apical extrusion of detritus.Conclusion:Both systems extruded a similar amount of detritus during the retreatment procedures.
Debonding Shear Strength of Orthodontic Tubes Bonded to Skeletal Anchorage Miniplates with Different Agents
Authors: Meirelles Lucas Da Silva , Haas Orion L. , Scolari Neimar , Pereira Mauricio , Favoretto Andre , de Oliveira Rogério 
Published: January 2020

Introduction:
Most miniplates used for skeletal anchorage lack built-in orthodontic devices. To address this issue, orthodontists must use creative solutions, such as bonding buttons, brackets, or tubes directly to the miniplates, thus making them more versatile devices that provide a wider range of tooth movement possibilities. The purpose of the present study was to ascertain the debonding strength in Megapascals (MPa) of orthodontic accessories bonded to skeletal anchorage miniplates with different bonding agents.

Methods:
Forty specimens were divided into two equal groups by bonding agent: Group 1, resin (Transbond XT®, 3M ESPE); Group 2, cyanoacrylate (Scotchbond®, 3M ESPE). Shear strength testing was performed in an EMIC DL-2000 universal testing machine.

Results:
The results obtained were 2.28 ± 0.44 MPa for Group 1 and 4.90 ± 0.76 MPa for Group 2. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of data distribution. Student's t-test was used to compare means in the response variable.

Conclusion:
A statistically significant difference was observed between groups. However, both bonding agents provided strength in excess of that needed for secure orthodontic tooth movement.
Treatment Outcomes of Tuberculosis Retreatment Case and Its Determinants in West Ethiopia
Authors: Dedefo Mohammed Gebre , Sirata Meti Teressa , Ejeta Balisa Mosisa , Wakjira Getu Bayisa , Fekadu Ginenus , Labata Busha Gamachu 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern in the developing world. World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) list of 30 high TB burden countries accounted for 87% of the world’s cases. The annual infection rate in developing countries reached 2% or more; where as in developed countries this figure is 0.5%.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to assess treatment outcomes of tuberculosis retreatment case and its determinants at Nekemte Referral Hospital (NRH), West Ethiopia.

Methods:
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. All registered adult TB patients under retreatment regimen who were treated at NRH TB clinics from January 2014 to December 2017 were included in this study. A multiple logistic regression was used to assess the significance and strength of association. A P-value <0.05 was used as statistically significant.

Results:
The prevalence of retreatment case was 12.12%. Of 219 study participants 159(72.6%) were patients with relapse, 43(19.6%) were with retreatment after failure and 17(7.8%) were patients who return after loss to follow-up. On multivariable logistic analysis poor treatment outcome was more likely to occur among patients with positive Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) result at 5th month (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR =4.3, 95%, (1.8-10.0) p=0.001) and patients taking category 1 (2ERHZ/4RH) drugs (AOR=2.1, 95% CI= (1.1-4.5) p=0.048).

Conclusion:
This study showed that treatment outcomes of TB retreatment case were below standard set by the WHO. Factors that were significantly associated with poor treatment outcome were positive AFB resulting at 5th month and patients on category 1(2ERHZ/4RH).
Extended Routine Follow-up of Primary Uncomplicated Hip and Knee Arthroplasty is not Necessary
Authors: Wartemberg Georgina Kakra , Goff Thomas , Jones Simon , Newman James 
Published: January 2020

Aims:
To create a more effective system to identify patients in need of revision surgery.

Background:
There are over 160,000 total hip and knee replacements performed per year in England and Wales. Currently, most trusts review patients for up to 10 years or more.
When we consider the cost of prolonged reviews, we cannot justify the expenditure within a limited budget.

Study Design & Methods:
We reviewed all patients' notes that underwent primary hip and knee revision surgery at our institution, noting age, gender, symptoms at presentation, referral source, details of the surgery, reason for revision and follow up history from primary surgery.

Results:
There were 145 revision arthroplasties (60 THR and 85 TKR) that met our inclusion criteria. Within the hip arthroplasty group, indications for revision included aseptic loosening (37), dislocation (10), and infection (3), periprosthetic fracture, acetabular liner wear and implant failure.
All thirty-seven patients with aseptic loosening presented with pain. Twenty-five were referred from general practice with new symptoms. The remaining were clinic follow-ups.
The most common reason for knee revision was aseptic loosening (37), followed by infection (21) and then progressive osteoarthritis (8). Most were referred from GP as a new referral or were clinic follow-ups. All patients were symptomatic.

Conclusion:
All the patients that underwent revision arthroplasty were symptomatic. Rather than yearly follow up, we recommend a cost-effective system.
We are implementing a 'non face-to-face' system. Patients would be directly sent a questionnaire and x-ray form. The radiographs and forms will be reviewed by an experienced arthroplasty surgeon. The concerning cases will be seen urgently in a face-to-face clinic.
Estimation of Infectious Medical Waste Quantities on a Per-patient Basis: An Observational Study at a Hospital
Authors: Ikeda Yukihiro 
Published: January 2020

Introduction:
Infectious medical waste management in hospitals is very important. The potential impacts of infectious medical waste discharged from hospitals on populations and society are considered greater than those of general industrial waste. Therefore, the estimation of infectious medical waste discharged from healthcare facilities should be accurate. The present study reports the quantity of infectious medical waste discharged per ward per day per inpatient by weight.

Methods:
In medical wards, the digestive surgery ward discharged the most infectious medical waste. In addition, the digestive surgery ward had the highest quantity of infectious medical waste per day per inpatient. Infectious medical waste quantity estimates based on beds were lower than those based on inpatients, with minimum and maximum underestimates of 6% and 21%, respectively.

Results & Discussion:
Infectious medical waste discharged per patient per day was low in the outpatient department. The operating room and the emergency department discharged 10-fold more infectious medical waste than the wards. The operating room, the emergency department, and the clinical inspection department accounted for 60% of infectious medical waste discharged from hospitals.

Conclusion:
Notably, there are considerable differences among departments when evaluating hospital waste, particularly in hospitals with surgery and critical care departments, which is different in the case of evaluations based on bed counts.
Clinical Aspects of Atopic Dermatitis of Children in Brazzaville, Congo.
Authors: Bayonne-Kombo Edith Sophie , Loubove Hébert , Voumbo Mavoungou Yannichka Gloria , Gathsé Alphonse 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis for which racial specificities have been reported.

Objective:
To describe the clinical aspects of atopic dermatitis on children.

Methods:
Descriptive cross-sectional study in one public hospital and one private hospital in Brazzaville, Congo, for three years. Children under the age of 16, consulted for atopic dermatitis were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Atopic dermatitis was defined according to the criteria of the United Kingdom Working Party and its severity appreciated by SCORAD. The data was processed by EpiInfo 7® software.

Results:
Seventy-five children were included. They were 49 girls (65.33%) and 26 boys (34.67%), mean age 4.3 years [9 months-12 years]. Personal atopic history was found in 46.67% of cases and family atopic history in 61.33% of cases. Initial symptoms of atopic dermatitis had occurred before 2 years of age for 65 children (86.67%). The average consultation time was 33.4 months. In infancy, erythematous vesicular or oozing plaques were observed in 68.18% of cases and scaly erythematous plaques on folds in 50% of cases. In childhood, scaly erythematous plaques were observed in 84.90% of cases and lichenified eczema in 10.67% of cases. Xerosis was noted in 89.33% of all cases. Secondary infection was seen in 33.33% of cases. Twenty-five cases (33.33%) were severe.

Conclusion:
This study reveals a delayed diagnosis of atopic dermatitis, unusual clinical features and the importance of secondary infection. Information for families and clinicians should be considered to improve the earliness of the diagnosis.
Nursing Communication as a Tool for Patient Satisfaction. A Single Hospital Survey
Authors: Barilaro Anna , Conidi Arianna , Ligarò Sabrina , Licata Francesca , Marinaro Maria Anna , Ventura Saverio , Varano Anna , Zangari Iolanda , Pagliuso Caterina , Pagnotta Raffaele , Garieri Pietro , Papaleo Anna , Grande Laura , Manduci Elena , Napolitano Daniele , Aida Bianco , De Filippo Caterina , Spagnuolo Rocco 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Communication is an essential tool for health promotion. Effective healthcare communication has great therapeutic value.

Objective:
The aim of the study is to assess the degree of patient satisfaction related to nursing communication in the various stages of hospital stay.

Methods:
Patients admitted to General University Hospital in medical and surgical department were subjected to this survey using a questionnaire, structured in four sections (acceptance, hospital stay, discharge, pain and new drugs management). Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression models were used to test the association between the outcome of interest defined as the satisfaction of nursing communication and the independent variables.

Results:
One thousand three hundred seventy questionnaires were administered. In acceptance, among patients satisfied with nursing skills related to explaining the department's functioning, most were satisfied with nursing communication (972 vs 87 p <0.005). Also during the hospital stay, among patients satisfied with nursing Skills and Manner relating to communication most were significantly satisfied with the nursing communication (849 vs 74 p <0.005 and 987 vs 55 p <0.001). At the discharge, the number of patients satisfied with nursing communication was greater among patients who considered the length of hospital stay adequate (1020 vs 65 p <0.001). Data are confirmed by the multiple logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion:
Our study shows how nursing communication is the key to establishing a good therapeutic care relationship and how it can be associated with patient satisfaction in various phases of hospital stay.
Public Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Antibiotics Use and Resistance in Baghdad, Iraq: A Survey Conducted in Outpatient Department of University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Al-Yasseri Berq J. Hadi , Hussain Nibras A. 
Published: January 2020

Introduction:
Improper antibiotics utilization permits the emergence of resistant organisms. The World Health Organization has highlighted the role of people in preventing and controlling antibiotics resistance.

Objectives:
To investigate public knowledge and attitude towards antibiotics use and resistance in Baghdad, Iraq; and to identify deficiencies in these areas that need to be addressed.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study with an analytic element involving 500 participants attending outpatient department of university teaching hospital in Baghdad during the period of February through May, 2017. A questionnaire-form paper was used for data collection, including questions about sociodemographic characteristics; sources of information about antibiotics; knowledge about antibiotics indications, resistance, and side effects; and attitudes towards antibiotics self-medication.

Results:
People who knew antibiotics have no role in managing viral infection, coughs/colds, and pain/inflammation represented 42.4%, 20.0%, and 44.6% of study sample; respectively. Low proportions of participants realized the necessity to complete antibiotics course, 38.2%. Concerning attitude; those who were against keeping leftover antibiotics in home, taking antibiotics for cold/flu, and taking them for fever without consulting doctor were 37.2%, 42.2% and 46.4%; respectively. Higher education showed significant association with good knowledge (p<0.001) and appropriate attitude (p<0.001). The presence of family member with medical profession exhibited significant association with higher knowledge (p=0.011). Better knowledge was a predictor of better attitude (p<0.001).

Conclusion:
Public awareness about antibiotic resistance remains largely unrecognized in Baghdad. Many participants did not have sufficient knowledge about indications for antibiotics use and consequences of their over/misuse. Inappropriate attitude towards antibiotic self-medication was also identified largely in this study.