bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Model Calibration of Sandwich Structure Based on Mixed Numerical Experimental Technique
Authors: Rucevskis Sandris , Wesolowski Miroslaw , Kovalovs Andrejs 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the implementation of the mixed numerical experimental technique for the finite element (FE) model calibration of a sandwich structure by using modal data. Model calibration is conducted by minimizing the difference between the numerical and experimental dynamic parameters. In this study, instead of the direct minimisation of the response discrepancy, the experiment design and the response surface method is employed to solve the inverse (calibration) problem. Numerical eigenfrequencies are obtained by performing FE calculations in sample points derived by Latin Hypercube experiment design where each sample point represents a unique engineering constant configuration in the FE model of the sandwich panel. Using the information on the dynamic responses of the panel in the sample points, response functions describing the relationship between the engineering constants and the calculated eigenfrequencies are obtained by means of response surface method. Genetic algorithm is employed to solve the minimisation of the response discrepancy where the response functions instead of FE calculations are used to obtain the numerical modal frequencies. The verification results show that proposed method is capable to calibrate a numerical model with a good prediction accuracy and small uncertainties.
Modeling of Utility Tunnels as Thin-Walled Beams on an Elastic Subgrade
Authors: Jendzelovsky Norbert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the construction of municipalities and agglomerations, it is necessary to build utility tunnels and other linking underground structural systems. They enable the interconnection of individual buildings for different types of media. For the purposes of the static analysis, the tunnels’ structure can be considered to be a thin-walled beam on an elastic subgrade. The article deals with the analysis of thin-walled beam loaded by bending and torsion. Differential equations and their software solution using the transfer matrix method have been presented. In conclusion, an example of utility tunnels as thin-walled beams on an elastic subgrade has been shown. A solution of a beam using the theory of thin-walled beams has been compared with the solution of shell finite elements using the Finite Element Method.
Eco-Efficient False Ceiling Plates Made from Plaster with Wood and Plastic Residues
Authors: Pedreño-Rojas Manuel Alejandro , Morales-Conde María Jesús , Pérez-Gálvez Filomena , Romero-Gómez María Isabel , Rubio-De-Hita Paloma 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Large amounts of different types of waste are generated each day in the world. Most of them do not receive proper management at the end of its useful life. In that sense, and trying to apply eco-efficiency criteria, the construction sector has recently been working on the design of new building materials that incorporate some types of residues. Those new construction materials improve some of the properties given by traditional options, such as thermal conductivity or lightness. However, many types of research in which new building products are generated do not exist. Subsequently, this paper aims at generating new gypsum plaster false ceiling plates by incorporating two different types of residues: wood waste from the demolition of traditional wooden slabs and polycarbonate (plastic) waste from crushed rejected CDs and DVDs. The flexural strength of the developed plates is tested using the procedure described by UNE-EN 14246. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of the new pieces is obtained following the method defined by ASTM D5930-09. The results show that for all the scenarios under study when wood and plastic waste is added to the plates, the lightness and the thermal conductivity of the pieces improved. In addition, in some scenarios, the incorporation of polycarbonate waste is linked to an improvement in the mechanical behaviour of the pieces compared to the reference plate. On the other hand, when wood waste is added to the mixtures, the flexural behaviour of the plates decreases, but always achieving the minimum requirements made by the standards. Finally, it must be said that adding waste to the plasters, the amount of gypsum powder used to generate the plates decreases considerably, which represents a significant improvement in the eco-efficiency of new products.
Research of Deformative Properties of Concrete Taking into Account the Descending Branch of Deformation
Authors: Sobczak-Piąstka Justyna , Babich Yevhenij , Filipchuk Sergij , Karavan Victor , Nalepa Oleksandr 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years due to the introduction of computer technology in the process of calculating and conducting experiments the ability of researchers in the knowledge of various, accurate processes, including the nature of the work of concrete on the downstream branch of deformation significantly expanded. Modern methods of measurement allow to fix, for example, deformation, to an accuracy of 0.0001 mm, which allows deeper penetration into the essence of the phenomenon of destruction. Widespread are so-called ‘hard’ test machines in which the change in load is followed by a change in deformation in contrast to the traditional experiment when the load increases continuously up to a destructive value. Such machines allowed for the first time to show the exact type of the curve of ‘stress – deformation’ with the construction of a descending branch (plot of the diagram, going after the point of maximum load). An experiment was conducted to study the deformation of concrete simultaneously on two different presses with a hard loading mode and by increasing the loading. The analysis of the deformation of concrete prisms on these presses is carried out. A complete diagram of deformation of concrete has been constructed taking into account the descending area of concrete deformation. Comparing of the received data with the normative confirms the adequacy of the data received.
Tourist Potential of the Historical Industrial City. Case of Boryslav, Ukraine
Authors: Linda Svitlana , Mykhaylyshyn Olga , Olena Remizova , Mariia Voloshyn 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The cities formed on the basics of the development of mining industry in the 2nd half of the 19-th − early 20-th centuries are considered to be an extremely interesting realm for urban planning as well as for architectural research. Their life cycle was mainly driven by the rapid (sometimes short-lived) development of industrial production, which led to the specific spatial, planning and functional structuring of the urban environment. Such cities have often faced with the problem of their degradation and decline as a result of the depletion of natural resources. The city of Boryslav situated in Western Ukraine is uniquely located in the industrial oil, gas and ozocerite fields. The purpose of the article is to trace the formation of architectural and urban features of the environment of Boryslav, to analyze the post-industrial transformations at different historical stages in the XX − XXI centuries, to outline the directions of creating the program of the future city. Forming the city of Boryslav in the early 20-th century as the centre of world oil industry has had both the positive and negative sides. On the one hand, mining has contributed to rapid territorial and demographic development and this promoted construction of high-quality public and residential buildings. However, these building solutions were mostly local and aimed at solving tactical social problems without taking into account the complex of strategic social, architectural-urban planning and infrastructure problems. The subsequent decline of industrial development in the interwar and Soviet periods led to the “continuation of the present” – the maintenance of the vitality of the urban organism according to the primary scheme and the logic of its emergence with ideological corrections at each of the historical stages. Today’s existing industrial past has also not been a key to Boryslav’s successful development, although the objective reasons can be an integral part of this process. So, there arises the question of the ways of city further development. Therefore, the proposed study is not only of historical interest but also of a considerable practical importance in determining the prospects for urban development. Consideration of the city as an artefact of industrial civilization makes it possible to comprehend it from the point of view of the value of industrial heritage as a potential tourist object and, at the same time, as a comfortable space for the life of its inhabitants.
FEM Simulation of Reinforcing Plain Bar Pull-Out Test from Concrete Sample
Authors: Dyba Marcin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper presents results of 3D numerical modeling and calculations of a plain bar Ø16 mm concreted in the concrete cube during pull-out test. The prepared geometry reflected real sample dimensions. The mechanical parameters of the materials and assumptions for analysis were adopted based on the results obtained from the experimental tests previously carried out. Numerical calculations included non-linear finite element method (FEM) analysis. As a result of numerical calculations, it was possible to trace the deformation state, stresses and cracking as well as their development along with the change of the bar displacement in the sample. The increase of strains and stresses into the concrete sample occurred until the maximum value of the concrete-steel bond in accordance with the bond model was achieved. After exceeding the top, there was a constant decrease in strains and stresses in concrete with the increase in displacement of the bar (with extension). The first cracks appeared at a slip of approximately 0.1 mm. Cracking of concrete progresses with the increase of the bar displacement in relation to the concrete.
Areas of Interest of Age-Generational Groups as a Factor of Social Management of Settlement Structures
Authors: Lebedeva Lyudmila G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Social life, according to H. Garfinkel (Studies in Ethnomethodology), is carried out through the daily practice of accounting for social life as part of social life. Accounting for social life is one of the factors of social management. At the same time, sociology is an important link in the interaction of social management and social life accounting. One of the most important objects of accounting for social life (both sociology and social management) is the sphere of interests of the population. First of all, it is about identifying the leading areas of interest of different groups of people and the corresponding problems, themes, narratives, ideas and suggestions for possible improvements in social practice. The purpose of this study is to identify the leading areas of interest of the population not only in the whole region, but also in the main age-generational groups, which is an important condition (factor) of social management of settlement structures. This task is solved using the materials of the sociological survey “The youth of the Samara region 2018”, conducted in the Samara region (Russia) in 2018 under the leadership of V. B. Zvonovsky. There are differences in the leading areas of interest between age and generational groups. All these features require attention and consideration in social management. If participation in political events in the country is a concern and problem mainly for political parties and organizations, then the organization of socio-economic and socio-cultural life in the region and in settlement structures is a common concern mainly for local authorities and management, for business structures and for the public, for public organizations and volunteers. Sociological materials on the Samara region show the priority importance of developing the local community in the fields of science and technology, recreation and entertainment, the natural world and ecology, improving places of work and study, and developing the education sector.
The Spatial Structure of The Landscape as One of the Elements of the Landscape Identity
Authors: Nitavska Natalija 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The landscape identity is a holistic concept and includes many aspects of equal importance. Studies of the landscape identity often reflect local-scale aspects of the landscape identity; this is due to the emphasis and exploration of cultural and historical landscapes – through researching of a traditional management, traditional technology, the usage of local materials and local traditions. On a local scale, there are individual details, events, and people. The visual analysis and methods developed on its basis are mostly used in the studies of landscape identity. The architectural science recognizes the power of visual message which should be a planned and strategically guided aspect, as it has a significant impact on the forming of an overall image of the urban environment, as a visual message is a source of information and a topical issue in the context of the urban landscape. One of the characteristics of the visual aspects is the spatial structure formed by the building volume, the terrain, and the groups of woody plants, the planes formed by pavements, streets, meadows and fields, the water surface. Landscape identity is also based on the cognitive landscape research. The study of the interaction between identity and geographical environment provides an answer to how the transition from physical to socially cognitive identity occurs. Equally important is the group of cultural historical aspects of the landscape, based on multiple studies of the history of a particular place – from the beginnings of landscape formation, where morphological and climatic factors play an important role, to human made elements, where changes in the landscape structure and individual landscape elements are as a result of human economic activity that reflects the political, social and economic situation of the country. In the landscape planning process, the concept of the landscape identity is used to reinforce the character, distinction and specificity of each populated place or rural landscape, which is essential to preserve in creating structures and objects of a new landscape. The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of a spatial structure in the overall image of the landscape identity, as well as the subconscious, cognitive aspects that people think of landscape identity by common spatial structure, abstracting, smoothing out details, and giving symbolic meaning. The article summarizes the spatial structures of different landscapes, analyzes their diversity in both rural and urban environments, classifying them into types and subtypes. The article develops various spatial models and analyzes the cognitive perception of people using the survey capabilities. As a result, there are defined the role of the spatial structure in the comprehension of the landscape identity and recommendations for the inclusion and preservation of important spatial structures and elements in the planning process.
Natural Materials in Contemporary Low-Tech Architecture
Authors: Salihbegovic Amira , Salihbegovic Amra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Contemporary tendencies of sustainable and energy-efficient architecture imply an urgent reconsideration of society’s relationship to nature. Nowadays, building technology demands a responsible approach to construction that involves fostering of low-tech architecture, as an alternative to high-tech architecture. Those are current challenges that architects and the building technology face to improve the application of natural materials in architecture. The necessity for advancement and contemporary usage of building materials as wood, stone, soil, straw, natural insulation materials have also resulted in the increasingly present low-tech architecture. This research aims to delineate through several contemporary case studies how serious global problems related to the energy and environmental crisis are increasingly reflected in the intention towards the use of natural materials in the architectural design. These contemporary designs implement innovative solutions of natural materials in the case of building envelopes, construction details or structural elements. The comparative analytical method involves a critical reflection on the integration of natural materials between traditional vernacular application and its contemporary innovative solutions. These contemporary precedents represent diverse design approaches that reinforce the importance of environmental and ecologically responsible design. Current problems related to the energy and environmental crisis highly influence the underlying design concepts and final building design. The contemporary usage of natural materials as a building resource indicates the evolving advancement and re-evaluation of an ecologically responsible architecture. Whereas the contemporary ways of integrating natural materials carry universal values which originate from the principles of vernacular architecture.
Taking Advantage of Voluntary Associations of Municipalities for Financing Public Investment Project
Authors: Kocourkova Gabriela , Vankova Lucie , Krejza Zdenek 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Due to the settlement structure of the Czech Republic which is quite extensive, there is a large number of small municipalities on its territory, which do not have the possibility to finance larger investment projects aiming at the development of their area. Therefore, it is important, if not essential, for such municipalities to join into associations with other municipalities. The article deals with the characteristics of possible forms of inter-municipal cooperation with a more detailed focus on taking advantage of voluntary associations of municipalities. The data from the municipal association register shows that a substantial part of municipal associations was created for the purpose of building drinking water supply, sewerage systems or waste water treatment plants. Although this purpose is still up-to-date, the aim of this article is to show how to take advantage of the associations of municipalities also for other investment projects and to propose an optimal way of financing. The main aim of this article is to find out if it is possible to take advantage of the associations of municipalities for financing investment activities of municipalities. Furthermore, based on the analysis of the current state of the register of associations municipalities in the Czech Republic, it tries to propose optimal ways of financing such activities. Based on the analysis of several investment projects financing in municipalities, the research evaluates whether joining of municipalities into voluntary associations and the implementation of construction works via these associations is generally beneficial for them. The resulting proposal described in the article can serve municipalities as a well-arranged guide to the organization and financing of their investment plans.
Barcelona “Trade Buildings”: A Feasible Energy Refurbishment of Glazed Modern Movement Buildings
Authors: Médola Beatriz , Bosch Montserrat 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Modern Movement in architecture was a key player in the post-war construction of many countries around the world, having diverse facets that can be seen from Chicago’s skyscrapers to Brazil with the construction of Brasilia. In a Spanish scenario, it is possible to find some unequal examples of preserved architectural heritage that present distinctive curtain walls. The Barcelona “Trade Buildings” (1966-1971) are a great example of those glazed volumes. Although many modern glazed façade buildings age relatively well, the current environmental requirements are way far from the initial ones, configured during the 50´, ´60s or ´70s. It is thus undeniable that most of those buildings require energy refurbishment as soon as possible to keep operating in the sustainable environment we are trying to accomplish. In order to determine an analysis methodology for refurbishing the glazed buildings of the modern heritage, this study aims to evaluate a building through its energetic aspects and establish refurbishment strategies that contribute to more sustainable development, always respecting the historical and architectural value of the cities. By using the Barcelona “Trade Buildings” as a case study, this research surveys problems related to the lack of energy efficiency in the building. An intervention of this nature must identify the current conditions of the building, analyzing its energy and comfort requirements to finally propose energy-efficient and heritage-friendly solutions for the project. The three main responsible aspects that can influence in the energy consumption are, first of all, the users, who usually are responsible for energy wasting, the external building envelope, which is that factor that determines the energetic demand, and the mechanical systems, that must provide the appropriate habitability and comfort conditions. The analysis method has been carried out by developing an energetic survey through data of consumption and energy simulation programs. The results of the performance of the building materiality and systems obtained were used to propose improvement measures for the building based on Nearly Zero1 and circular economy concepts1, through the development of isolation strategies and shading mechanisms. Among the objectives of this research, we have imposed the preservation of the modern exterior image devised by Modernism, extending and improving the building’s lifetime, implementing comfort conditions in accordance with current habitability requirements. In addition to this, in the long term, it is assumed that the building will have a sustainable character, by reducing the energy costs and carbon emissions originally generated.
Slope Stability Study in Quarries by Different Approaches: Case Chouf Amar Quarry, Algeria
Authors: Saadoun Abderrazak , Yilmaz Isik , Hafsaoui Abdallah , Hadji Riheb , Fredj Mohamed , Boukarm Riadh , Nakache Radouane 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Lafarge -M‘sila group’s cement plant (Algeria) is supplied by the Chouf Amar limestone quarry, which allows great quarrying at the national level with annual productions of 4.2 mt / year, since several sliding in previous years have disrupted the exploitation and production of the quarry, and in the strategy of the Lafarge group increased its production up to 5mt / year in the medium term 2020-2030; a stability study is necessary to ensure production under the right conditions, the aim of our work is to study Chouf Amar stability and identify the important causes of the landslides that have influenced the site in question. We start with an empirical approach through a geomechanical characterization of the massif was put in place to highlight the instability at the level of the various rock formations. then, a stability analysis was carried out using two different approaches: the analytical approach using the limit equilibrium method (Slide 6) and the numerical approach using two methods: the finite element method (Phase 2 ) and the finite difference method (Flac) in the static and dynamic case considering the state of dry and wet marls. The results show an optimal state of stability on the scale of the full profile north flank of the quarry and bad stability on the scale of the bench’s of the different levels and the main facies of the potential slide is that of the marls.