bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of physiology of and genomic mutations in aggregation-enhanced mutants of Methanothermobacter sp. CaT2
Authors: Sumikawa Kana , Kosaka Tomoyuki , Udo Koichi , Kanesaki Yu , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Yamada Mamoru 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The thermophilic hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanothermobacter sp. CaT2 aggregates by itself. CaT2 is known to have a surface sugar layer and extracellular proteins that may be related to its aggregation. Aggregation-enhanced mutants, CHA001 and CHA002, were isolated after repeated cultivation for more than two years. When treated with proteinase K, CHA001 and CaT2 similarly exhibited a very low degree of aggregation and CHA002 exhibited less aggregation but still retained aggregation, suggesting protein-based aggregation via extracellular proteins in both CHA001 and CHA002, presumably via a putative membrane-bound and extracellularly protruding protein, MTCT_1020, identified previously. Genomic analysis revealed that CHA001 and CHA002 shared a missense mutation of MTCT_1348 and had distinct mutations. These results suggested that the MTCT_1348 mutation provides subsidiary support to the adhesive function of extracellular proteins and that there is an additional mutation(s) in CHA002 for the non-proteinous aggregation capability.
Imperatorin alleviates ROS-mediated airway remodeling by targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Xian Zhemin , Choi Yun Ho , Zheng Mingyu , Jiang Jingzhi , Zhao Yuzhe , Wang Chongyang , Li Junfeng , Li Yan , Li Liangchang , Piao Hongmei , Yan Guanghai 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of imperatorin (IMP) in chronic inflammation and airway remodeling. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, α-SMA, and ROS were detected by ELISA, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence, and Western blot. In addition, we evaluated the effect of IMP on MAPK, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. IMP treatment obviously attenuated the production of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage ﬂuid of OVA-induced airway remodeling model. Meanwhile, it significantly inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition, VEGF production, α-SMA, and ROS expression. Our study has shown that IMP could regulate the signaling pathways including MAPK, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and Nrf2/HO-1 to release the inflammatory responses. IMP might attenuate airway remodeling by the down-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1/ROS/PI3K/Akt, Nrf2/HO-1/ROS/MAPK, and Nrf2/HO-1/ROS/NF-κB signaling pathways.
Does exercise intensity affect wellness scores in a dose‐like fashion?
Authors: Campbell Patrick G. , Stewart Ian B. , Sirotic Anita C. , Minett Geoffrey M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWellness questionnaires are common in monitoring systems, yet the sensitivity to variations in acute training intensity is unclear. This study examined the controlled dosage effects of differing exercise intensities on wellness variables and subsequent associations with neuromuscular performance. Participants (n = 10) completed low‐, moderate‐ and high‐intensity conditions of a 90 min simulated football match shuttle running protocol scaled relative to beep test scores. The protocols were completed in a randomised and counterbalanced fashion matched for time of day. Wellness (sleep quality, readiness to train, soreness, fatigue, stress, mood, motivation) and neuromuscular performance (maximal voluntary contraction, countermovement jump, 6 s cycle‐ergometer sprint) were assessed pre‐, post‐ and 24 h post‐exercise. Heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded during, and session RPE (sRPE) after exercise. Generalised linear mixed models demonstrated main effects between conditions with increased HR, RPE and sRPE (P < 0.03; d > 0.8) responses from the low‐high condition. Total and z‐score wellness showed no significant differences between trials at any time‐point (P > 0.05; d = 0.03–0.91). Fatigue was lower 24 h post‐exercise for the low, compared to moderate and high conditions (P = 0.006–0.047; d = 1.20–1.77). Ratings of fatigue and soreness increased from pre‐ to 24 h post‐trial (P < 0.003; d = 0.96–2.48), while total wellness and readiness to train decreased over time (P < 0.04; d = 0.91–1.86). Wellness showed limited capacity to differentiate training intensities. Practitioners should be aware while wellness may be highly practical, it may be limited to solely determine athlete accommodation of load considering the strength of association observed with the applied load.
Sound matters: The impact of auditory deprivation on movement precision in rowing
Authors: Schaffert Nina , Oldag Benedict , Cesari Paola 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurpose of the study was to quantify the importance of auditory feedback for movement precision in elevated rowing task difficulty with elite athletes under normal and masked hearing conditions. It was hypothesized that rowing with masked hearing would reduce the precision of movement, particularly at the non‐usual/less‐preferred stroke frequencies (SF). Self‐reported questionnaires helped to understand the difficulty of the task. Twenty rowers completed 2 × 1000 m‐distance‐blocks, each separated into 4 × 250 m, with increasing SF 18, 20, 22 24 strokes/minute once with normal and once with masked hearing. Precision was determined as the deviation between the SF target and the SF actually performed (DSF). Athletes’ subjective perception was requested before and after the experiment. A 2 (hearing condition) × 4 (SF 18, 20, 22, 24) repeated measures ANOVA showed systematically larger DSF during masked hearing for all SFs compared to the DSF in the normal hearing condition (p < .01). Further, the highest DSFs were found for SF 18 and 24 in both hearing conditions (no interaction effect). The athletes’ perception of the relevance of natural movement sounds for their rowing performance changed when evaluated before and after the experiment. Rowing without hearing was evaluated as mentally more demanding than physically. The results confirmed our initial assumptions and showed the relevance of natural auditory information for movement precision in rowing practice, even at a high level of expertise.
Picturing Charlotte Brontë’s Artistic Rebellion? Myths of the Woman Artist in Postfeminist Jane Eyre Screen Adaptations
Authors: Han Catherine Paula 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCharlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre: An Autobiography (1847) has been regularly adapted for the screen since the silent era. During the 1990s, a trend emerged in which cinematic and television versions of Brontë’s novel paid increased attention to the protagonists’ identities as amateur artists. To explain this phenomenon, this article examines Jane Eyre (Franco Zeffirelli, 1996), Jane Eyre (ITV/A&E, 1997), Jane Eyre (BBC, 2006), and Jane Eyre (Cary Fukunaga, 2011). It proposes that these productions contribute to the evolution of Brontë’s authorial mythology by heightening their heroines’ similarities with the writer, another amateur artist. In so doing, these adaptations benefit from the reputations of Brontë and her work as rebelliously feminist. Nevertheless, these women artists’ rebellions are distinctly postfeminist. To demonstrate its argument, the article contextualizes contemporary Jane Eyre adaptations within their postfeminist cultural landscape. Postfeminism, however, is a contested term. Hence, this analysis participates in broader debates that interrogate postfeminism as a concept and its persistent fascination with nineteenth-century creative women. Through comparisons of the adaptations, this article will delineate the development of the woman artist trope to reveal how postfeminist conceptualizations of women’s creativity have shifted since the 1990s. In particular, the woman artist displays an increased desire to ‘return home’. Such retreatist narratives exploit but also obscure the fact that Brontë has long signified the perceived tension between traditional, highly domestic female gender roles and women’s creativity. As such, these postfeminist adaptations have a shaping effect on the myths that continue to circulate about Brontë’s feminism and authorship.
Designing a Study of Correlates of Risk for Ebola Vaccination
Authors: Halloran M Elizabeth , Longini Ira M , Gilbert Peter B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) Ebola vaccine was shown to be very efficacious in a novel ring vaccination trial in Guinea. However, no correlates of vaccine protection have been established for Ebola vaccines. Several Ebola vaccine candidates are available, but conducting randomized trials of additional candidates in outbreaks is difficult. Establishing correlates of vaccine protection is essential. Here we explore power and sample-size calculations to evaluate potential correlates of risk during an Ebola vaccination campaign in an outbreak. The method requires that a blood draw be made at a predetermined time after vaccination. The statistical analysis estimates the relative risk of the Ebola endpoint occurring from after the blood draw through to the end of follow-up, contrasting vaccine recipients with different values of the immune response marker. The analysis can be done assuming a trichotomous or continuous marker. Under certain assumptions, at an overall vaccine efficacy of 75%, 50 Ebola endpoints in the vaccinees provided good power. At an overall vaccine efficacy of 90%, 20 Ebola endpoints gave good power. Power was highest when more vaccinees were in the high- and low-responder groups versus the middle group and when vaccine efficacy differed the most between the high- and low-responder groups.
Migraine and Arterial Stiffness in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health: ELSA-Brasil
Authors: Apelbaum Patricia Noemi , Goulart Alessandra Carvalho , Santos Itamar de Souza , Lotufo Paulo Andrade , Baena Cristina Pellegrino , Benseñor Isabela Judith Martins 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The mechanisms that underlie the link between migraine and cardiovascular diseases are not clear and arterial stiffness could play a role in that association. We analyzed the association between migraine and vascular stiffness measured by carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV-cf).

Methods
In a cross-sectional analysis of a well-defined population from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) with complete and validated information about migraine and aura according to the International Headache Society criteria, the association between arterial stiffness measured by PWV-cf was tested with multiple linear regression models [β (95% CI)] comparing migraine without aura (MO) and migraine with aura (MA) to the reference group no-migraine (NM). Subsequent adjustments were made for mean arterial pressure, age, sex, education level, physical activity, alcohol use, diabetes mellitus, smoking, antihypertensive medication, body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, and LDL-c level to test the independence of the association between migraine status and pulse wave velocity.

Results
We studied 4,649 participants, 2,521 women (25.7% MO and 15% MA) and 2,128 men (11% MO and 4.3% MA). In NM, MO, and MA standard PWV-cf were 8.67 (±1.71) 8.11 (±1.31) and 8.01 (±1.47) m/s, respectively. Unadjusted PWV-cf differed between NM, MA, and MO (P &lt; 0.001). After adjustment for mean arterial pressure PWV-cf in NM did not differ anymore from MA (P = 0.525) and MO (P = 0.121), respectively. Fully adjusted models also yielded nonsignificant coefficients β (95% CI) −0.079 (−0.280; 0.122) and −0.162 (−0.391; 0.067) for MO and MA, respectively.

Conclusion
In this large cohort of middle-aged adults, aortic PWV was not associated with migraine.
A systematic overview of systematic reviews evaluating medication adherence interventions
Authors: Anderson Laura J , Nuckols Teryl K , Coles Courtney , Le Michael M , Schnipper Jeff L , Shane Rita , Jackevicius Cynthia , Lee Joshua , Pevnick Joshua M ,   Members of the PHARM-DC Group, Choudhry Niteesh K , O’Mahony Denis , Sarkisian Catherine 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To systematically summarize evidence from multiple systematic reviews (SRs) examining interventions addressing medication nonadherence and to discern differences in effectiveness by intervention, patient, and study characteristics.

Summary
MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects were searched for papers published from January 2004 to February 2017. English-language SRs examining benefits of medication adherence interventions were eligible. Inclusion was limited to adult patients prescribed medication for 1 of the following disease conditions: diabetes and prediabetes, heart conditions, hypertension and prehypertension, stroke, and cognitive impairment. Non–disease-specific SRs that considered medication adherence interventions for older adults, adults with chronic illness, and adults with known medication adherence problems were also included. Two researchers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. They then extracted key variables from eligible SRs, reconciling discrepancies via discussion. A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) was used to assess SRs; those with scores below 8 were excluded. Conclusions regarding intervention effectiveness were extracted. Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was applied to assess evidence quality.

Results
Of 390 SRs, 25 met the inclusion criteria and assessed adherence as a primary outcome. Intervention types most consistently found to be effective were dose simplification, patient education, electronic reminders to patients, and reduced patient cost sharing or incentives. Of 50 conclusions drawn by the SRs, the underlying evidence was low or very low quality for 45 SRs.

Conclusion
Despite an abundance of primary studies and despite only examining high-quality SRs, the vast majority of primary studies supporting SR authors’ conclusions were of low or very low quality. Nonetheless, health system leaders seeking to improve medication adherence should prioritize interventions that have been studied and found to be effective at improving patient adherence, including dose simplification, education, reminders, and financial incentives.
Implementation of a medication education training program for student pharmacists employed within an academic medical center
Authors: Dunkley Kisha A , Evelyn Doneisha , Timmons Veronica , Feller Tara T 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeTo describe the implementation of a student pharmacist medication education training program (the REWARDS Method), to determine if training was effective in preparing employed student pharmacists to provide medication education, and to assess medication education completion rates.SummaryHospital readmissions are often attributable to poor transitions of care (TOC), and medication education prior to discharge may improve TOC. To expand upon existing medication education efforts, the Johns Hopkins Hospital Adult Inpatient Pharmacy (AIP) designed and implemented the REWARDS Method, a training program to prepare employed second- and third-year student pharmacists to provide medication education. The REWARDS Method includes 6 distinct steps, which incorporate student self-directed and pharmacist-facilitated learning. Students were trained to provide patient education targeting 4 classes of high-risk medications (anticoagulants, inhalers, insulin, and naloxone) on multiple inpatient units served by the AIP. A total of 43 hours of pharmacist time was needed to complete training for the 10 employed student pharmacists. A survey was used to assess preparedness for completing medication education. Survey responses indicated that participants were sufficiently to exceedingly prepared to perform medication education. The division’s completion rate for patients requiring education was 79% in 2017, compared to 86% in 2018 (p = 0.006).ConclusionThe REWARDS Method is an effective training program that successfully incorporated employed student pharmacists into medication education efforts. Our study demonstrated high rates of students successfully completing training and an increase in the rate of patient education completion.
A species-discriminatory single-nucleotide polymorphism set reveals maintenance of species integrity in hybridizing European white oaks (Quercus spp.) despite high levels of admixture
Authors: Reutimann Oliver , Gugerli Felix , Rellstab Christian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsHybridization and introgression play an important role in the evolution and diversification of plants. To assess the degree of past and current hybridization, the level of genetic admixture in populations needs to be investigated. Ongoing hybridization and blurred species separation have made it challenging to assign European white oak taxa based on leaf morphology and/or genetic markers and to assess the level of admixture. Therefore, there is a need for powerful markers that differentiate between taxa. Here, we established a condensed set of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to reliably differentiate between the three most common oak species in temperate European forests (Quercus robur, Q. petraea, Q. pubescens) and to assess the degree of admixture in a large set of selected Swiss populations.MethodsA training set of 194 presumably pure reference samples from Switzerland and Europe was used to assign 633 test individuals with two different approaches (population genetic-based/Bayesian vs. assumption-free/discriminative classifier) using 58 selected SNPs from coding regions. Admixture was calculated at the individual and population level with the Shannon diversity index based on individual assignment probabilities.Key ResultsDepending on the approach, 97.5–100 % of training individuals were assigned correctly, and additional analyses showed that the established SNP set could be further reduced while maintaining its discriminatory power. The two assignment approaches showed high overlap (99 %) in assigning training individuals and slightly less overlap in test individuals (84 %). Levels of admixture varied widely among populations. Mixed stands of Q. petraea and Q. pubescens revealed much higher degrees of admixture than mixed stands of the other two taxon pairs, accentuating high levels of gene flow between these two taxa in Switzerland.ConclusionsOur set of SNPs warrants reliable taxon discrimination with great potential for further applications. We show that the three European white oak taxa have largely retained their species integrity in Switzerland despite high levels of admixture.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Three Noninvasive Analgesic Techniques for the Prevention of Pain During Facial Injections
Authors: Salmerón-González Enrique , García-Vilariño Elena , Sánchez-García Alberto , Pérez-García Alberto , Ruiz-Cases Alberto , Valverde-Navarro Alfonso 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Injections are associated with a certain amount of pain, the tolerance of which can vary between individuals. With regard to noninvasive pain control techniques in subcutaneous injections, few studies with adequate levels of evidence and design quality exist to support any specific analgesic method.

Objectives
In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of 3 noninvasive analgesic techniques (cold, anesthetic cream, and vibration) during subcutaneous forehead injections in 100 healthy volunteers.

Methods
This randomized, single-blind, controlled trial comprised 100 healthy volunteers. Every patient received 4 forehead injections of 0.1 mL physiological saline through 29G needles after 1 of 3 noninvasive analgesic techniques (cold, vibration, or anesthetic cream) or control treatment was applied to each injection site. The results were evaluated through a survey that included a visual analog scale for pain measurements.

Results
All analgesic methods demonstrated better pain control than the no-treatment arm (P &lt; 0.001), of which vibration performed better than the other analgesic techniques (P &lt; 0.015 vs cold and P &lt; 0.015 vs anesthetic cream). No differences were observed between cold and anesthetic cream. The average amount of pain per injection in males was higher than in females (P &lt; 0.014).

Conclusions
Vibration analgesia effected significantly better pain control than cold and anesthetic cream. Nevertheless, the choice of anesthetic method should be adapted to the preferences and experiences of each patient to optimize pain control in procedures that involve subcutaneous injections.

Level of Evidence: 2
Myosin VI maintains the actin-dependent organization of the tubulobulbar complexes required for endocytosis during mouse spermiogenesis†‡
Authors: Zakrzewski Przemysław , Suwińska Anna , Lenartowski Robert , Rędowicz Maria Jolanta , Buss Folma , Lenartowska Marta 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Myosin VI (MYO6) is an actin-based motor that has been implicated in a wide range of cellular processes, including endocytosis and the regulation of actin dynamics. MYO6 is crucial for actin/membrane remodeling during the final step of Drosophila spermatogenesis, and MYO6-deficient males are sterile. This protein also localizes to actin-rich structures involved in mouse spermiogenesis. Although loss of MYO6 in Snell’s waltzer knock-out (KO) mice causes several defects and shows reduced male fertility, no studies have been published to address the role of MYO6 in sperm development in mouse. Here we demonstrate that MYO6 and some of its binding partners are present at highly specialized actin-based structures, the apical tubulobulbar complexes (TBCs), which mediate endocytosis of the intercellular junctions at the Sertoli cell-spermatid interface, an essential process for sperm release. Using electron and light microscopy and biochemical approaches, we show that MYO6, GIPC1 and TOM1/L2 form a complex in testis and localize predominantly to an early endocytic APPL1-positive compartment of the TBCs that is distinct from EEA1-positive early endosomes. These proteins also associate with the TBC actin-free bulbular region. Finally, our studies using testis from Snell’s waltzer males show that loss of MYO6 causes disruption of the actin cytoskeleton and disorganization of the TBCs and leads to defects in the distribution of the MYO6-positive early APPL1-endosomes. Taken together, we report here for the first time that lack of MYO6 in mouse testis reduces male fertility and disrupts spatial organization of the TBC-related endocytic compartment during the late phase of spermiogenesis.