bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hand gesture recognition based on attentive feature fusion
Authors: Yu Bin , Luo Zhiming , Wu Huangbin , Li Shaozi 
Published: June 2020

SummaryVideo‐based hand gesture recognition plays an important role in human‐computer interaction (HCI). Recent advanced methods usually add 3D convolutional neural networks to capture the information from both spatial and temporal dimensions. However, these methods suffer the issue of requiring large‐scale training data and high computational complexity. To address this issue, we proposed an attentive feature fusion framework for efficient hand‐gesture recognition. In our proposed model, we utilize a shallow two‐stream CNNs to capture the low‐level features from the original video frame and its corresponding optical flow. Following, we designed an attentive feature fusion module to selectively combine useful information from the previous two streams based on the attention mechanism. Finally, we obtain a compact embedding of a video by concatenating features from several short segments. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed framework, we train and test our method on a large‐scale video‐based hand gesture recognition dataset, Jester. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach obtains very competitive performance on the Jester dataset with a classification accuracy of 95.77%.
Effect of Remote Substituents on the Torquoselectivity of 3‐Silyl Cyclobutene‐Derivatives Ring‐Opening Reactions
Authors: Larrañaga Olatz , de Cózar Abel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe have quantum chemically studied the structure and nature of 1‐substituted 3‐trimethylsilyl cyclobutenes and 2,2‐disubstituted‐7‐trimethylsilyl bycyclo[4.2.0]octa‐1(6),3‐dienes comparing their reactivity to archetypal 3‐substituted cyclobutene systems using density functional theory at M06‐2X(PCM)/TZ2P level. We wish to understand how the ring opening reaction is affected by a substituent not directly connected to the σ Carbon‐Carbon breaking bond. To this end, we have analyzed the reaction profiles considering second order perturbation energies and natural steric analysis within NBO framework.
PLiMAP: Proximity‐Based Labeling of Membrane‐Associated Proteins
Authors: Jose Gregor P. , Pucadyil Thomas J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPeripheral membrane proteins participate in numerous biological pathways. Thus, methods to analyze their membrane‐binding characteristics have become important. In this report, we detail protocols for the synthesis and utilization of a photoactivable fluorescent lipid as a reporter to monitor membrane binding of proteins. The assay, referred to as proximity‐based labeling of membrane‐associated proteins (PLiMAP), is based on UV activation of a fluorescent lipid reporter, which in turn crosslinks with proteins bound to membranes and renders them fluorescent. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of BODIPY‐diazirine phosphatidylethanolamine (BDPE)Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of BDPE‐containing liposomesBasic Protocol 3: Performing PLiMAP with a candidate proteinBasic Protocol 4: Quantitation of liposome‐binding properties of the candidate protein from analyzing in‐gel fluorescenceSupport Protocol: Purification of GST‐2×P4M domain of SidM protein
Genetic Variant in CHRNA5 and Response to Varenicline and Combination Nicotine Replacement in a Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Chen Li‐Shiun , Baker Timothy B. , Miller J. Philip , Bray Michael , Smock Nina , Chen Jingling , Stoneking Faith , Culverhouse Robert C. , Saccone Nancy L. , Amos Christopher I. , Carney Robert M. , Jorenby Douglas E. , Bierut Laura J. 
Published: June 2020

It is unclear if genetic variants affect smoking cessation treatment response. This study tested whether variants in the cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5 subunit (CHRNA5) predict response to smoking cessation medication by directly comparing the two most effective smoking cessation pharmacotherapies. In this genotype‐stratified randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial (May 2015–August 2019 in St Louis, Missouri), smokers were randomized by genotype in blocks of six (1:1:1 ratio) to three conditions: 12 weeks of placebo (n = 273), combination nicotine patch and lozenge (combination nicotine replacement therapy, cNRT, n = 275), or varenicline (n = 274). All participants received counseling and were followed for 12 months. The primary end point was biochemically verified 7‐day point prevalence abstinence at the end of treatment (EOT, week 12). Trial registration and eligibility criteria are on clinicaltrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/) (NCT02351167). We conducted the genetic analyses separately for 516 European ancestry (EA) smokers and 306 non‐EA smokers (including 270 African American smokers). In African American smokers, there was a genotype‐by‐treatment interaction for EOT abstinence (χ2 = 10.7, degrees of freedom = 2. P = 0.0049): specifically, cNRT was more effective in smokers with rs16969968 GG genotype than was placebo, while varenicline was more effective in smokers of GA/AA genotypes. In EA ancestry smokers, there was no significant genotype‐by‐treatment interaction. In the whole sample, although both were effective at EOT, only varenicline, and not cNRT, was significantly effective relative to placebo at 6‐month follow‐up. Importantly, this study suggests that genetic information can further enhance smoking cessation treatment effectiveness.
Latitude and protection affect decadal trends in reef trophic structure over a continental scale
Authors: Madin Elizabeth M. P. , Madin Joshua S. , Harmer Aaron M. T. , Barrett Neville S. , Booth David J. , Caley M. Julian , Cheal Alistair J. , Edgar Graham J. , Emslie Michael J. , Gaines Steven D. , Sweatman Hugh P. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe relative roles of top‐down (consumer‐driven) and bottom‐up (resource‐driven) forcing in exploited marine ecosystems have been much debated. Examples from a variety of marine systems of exploitation‐induced, top‐down trophic forcing have led to a general view that human‐induced predator perturbations can disrupt entire marine food webs, yet other studies that have found no such evidence provide a counterpoint. Though evidence continues to emerge, an unresolved debate exists regarding both the relative roles of top‐down versus bottom‐up forcing and the capacity of human exploitation to instigate top‐down, community‐level effects. Using time‐series data for 104 reef communities spanning tropical to temperate Australia from 1992 to 2013, we aimed to quantify relationships among long‐term trophic group population density trends, latitude, and exploitation status over a continental‐scale biogeographic range. Specifically, we amalgamated two long‐term monitoring databases of marine community dynamics to test for significant positive or negative trends in density of each of three key trophic levels (predators, herbivores, and algae) across the entire time series at each of the 104 locations. We found that trophic control tended toward bottom‐up driven in tropical systems and top‐down driven in temperate systems. Further, alternating long‐term population trends across multiple trophic levels (a method of identifying trophic cascades), presumably due to top‐down trophic forcing, occurred in roughly fifteen percent of locations where the prerequisite significant predator trends occurred. Such alternating trophic trends were significantly more likely to occur at locations with increasing predator densities over time. Within these locations, we found a marked latitudinal gradient in the prevalence of long‐term, alternating trophic group trends, from rare in the tropics (<5% of cases) to relatively common in temperate areas (~45%). Lastly, the strongest trends in predator and algal density occurred in older no‐take marine reserves; however, exploitation status did not affect the likelihood of alternating long‐term trophic group trends occurring. Our data suggest that the type and degree of trophic forcing in this system are likely related to one or more covariates of latitude, and that ecosystem resiliency to top‐down control does not universally vary in this system based on exploitation level.
Hyperkalaemia and hypokalaemia outpatient management: a survey of 500 French general practitioners
Authors: Abensur Vuillaume Laure , Rossignol Patrick , Lamiral Zohra , Girerd Nicolas , Boivin Jean‐Marc 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsHow general practitioners (GPs) manage dyskalaemia is currently unknown. This study aimed at describing GP practices regarding hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia diagnosis and management in their outpatients.Methods and resultsA telephone survey was conducted among French GPs with a 20‐item questionnaire (16 closed‐ended questions and 12 open‐ended questions) regarding their usual management of hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia patients, both broadly and more specifically in patients with heart failure and/or chronic kidney disease and/or in patients treated with angiotensin‐converting enzyme/angiotensin receptor blockers or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. We aimed to interview 500 GPs spread geographically throughout France. This descriptive survey results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (if normally distributed or as median and inter‐quartile range if the distribution was skewed). Categorical variables are expressed as frequencies and proportions (%). A total of 500 GPs participated in the study. Dyskalaemia thresholds (for diagnosis and intervention) and management patterns were highly heterogeneous. The mean ± SD (range) potassium level leading to ‘intervene’ was 5.32 ± 0.34 mmol/L (4.5–6.5) for hyperkalaemia and 3.23 ± 0.34 mmol/L (2.0–6.5) for hypokalaemia. Potassium levels leading to refer the patient to the emergency department (ED) were 6.14 ± 0.55 (4.5–10) and 2.69 ± 0.42 mmol/L (1–4), respectively. Potassium binders (51–65%) or potassium supplements (67–74%) were frequently used to manage hyperkalaemia or hypokalaemia. GPs uncommonly referred their dyskalaemic patients to cardiologists or nephrologists (or to the emergency department, if the latter was deemed necessary owing to the severity of the dyskalaemia). We identified an association between the close vicinity of GP office from an ED and ‘referring a heart failure patient’ (19.2% with ED vs. 8.6% without ED) and referring a heart failure and chronic kidney disease patient on mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (16.7% with ED vs. 9.3% without ED). Although the majority (67%) of GPs had an electrocardiogram on hand, it was rarely used (14%) in dyskalaemic patients. Subgroup analyses considering gender, age of the participating GPs, and high‐income/low‐income regions did not identify specific patterns regarding the multidimensional aspect of dyskalaemia management.ConclusionsOwing to the considerable heterogeneity of French GP practices toward dyskalaemia diagnosis and management approaches, there is a likely need to standardize (potentially enabled by therapeutic algorithms) practices.
New renal haemodynamic indices can predict worsening of renal function in acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Mostafa Amir , Said Karim , Ammar Walid , Eltawil Ahmed Elsayed , Abdelhamid Magdy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsWorsening of renal function (WRF) is a common complication in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). We aimed to evaluate the role of intrarenal Doppler ultrasound (IRD) in the early prediction of WRF in this patient group.Methods and resultsAmong 90 patients (age: 57.5 ± 11.1 years; 62% male) hospitalized with ADHF, resistivity index (RI), acceleration time (AT), and pulsatility index (PI) were measured on admission and at 24 and 72 h. WRF was defined as increased serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dL from baseline. Adverse clinical outcomes were defined as the composite of death, use of vasopressors, and need for ultrafiltration for refractory oedema. WRF developed in 40% of patients. Mean values of renal AT, RI, and PI on admission were 59.7 ± 15, 0.717 ± 0.08, and 1.5 ± 0.48 ms, respectively. At 24 h, there was significant decrease in AT (to 56.7 ± 10 ms, P = 0.02) and renal RI (to 0.732 ± 0.07; P < 0.001); these changes were maintained up to 72 h. Renal PI showed no significant changes. Independent predictors of WRF were renal AT at 24 h and admission values of renal RI, left ventricular ejection fraction, and plasma cystatin C. Renal AT at 24 h ≥ 57.8 ms had 89% sensitivity and 70% specificity for the prediction of WRF. Independent predictors for adverse clinical outcomes were left ventricular end systolic dimension and WRF.ConclusionsAmong ADHF patients receiving diuretic therapy, measurement of renal AT and RI by IRD can help identify patients at increased risk for WRF.
Functional estimation of diversity profiles
Authors: Fortuna Francesca , Gattone Stefano Antonio , Di Battista Tonio 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIt is well known that the diversity profile provides a complete picture about the evenness of the relative abundance distribution of an ecological population. This complexity measure is a continuous function evaluated on a suitable grid of values x ≥ 0 that determine the measure's sensitivity to the most dominant species. In this paper, a functional design‐based estimation of diversity profiles is developed by applying a framework based on functional data analysis (FDA). These curves, which are positive, decreasing, and convex, can be viewed as constrained functional data. Therefore, a naive direct application of the FDA methodology can be misleading, both theoretically and practically. To tackle this problem, the diversity profile is defined in terms of a differential equation, in such a manner that the function to be estimated is unconstrained. An approximation of the bias and the variance of the estimator is derived using the delta method. The accuracy of the proposed functional constrained estimator is evaluated through a simulation study. The procedure is also applied on a real dataset concerning tree stem diameter diversity.
An improved opportunistic group replacement maintenance strategy for wind turbines
Authors: Ma Zhiyong , Wang Dameng , Wu Shiming , Teng Wei , Liu Yibing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn traditional opportunistic group replacement maintenance (OGRM) strategy for wind turbines, the reliability thresholds of different subassemblies are set the same and its two‐step optimization for maintenance cost is diseconomy. In this paper, an improved OGRM strategy for wind turbines is proposed. A uniform formulation on maintenance cost concerning different maintenance activities is presented. On the basis of this, an integrated objective function minimizing the maintenance cost is established, and the reliability thresholds of each subassembly of wind turbines are individually severed as the optimization variables of the objective function. The coordinate rotation method is utilized for solving this optimization problem. A maintenance case based on the proposed strategy from a wind farm in North China is implemented, which verifies its superior performance than the traditional opportunistic group maintenance strategy.
Regional debris‐flow and debris‐flood frequency–magnitude relationships
Authors: Jakob Matthias , Mark Emily , McDougall Scott , Friele Pierre , Lau Carie‐Ann , Bale Stephanie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConstruction of frequency–magnitude (F–M) relationships of debris floods and debris flows is challenging because of few direct observations, discontinuous event occurrence, loss of field evidence, the difficulty of accessing the sediment archive and the challenge of finding suitable statistical methods to analyse the dataset. Consultants often face budget limitations that prohibit application of the full gamut of absolute dating methods, stratigraphic analysis and analytical tools necessary to fully resolve the F–M legacy. In some cases, F–M curves are needed for watersheds without local information, or where obtaining this information is prohibitively expensive. For such watersheds, the F–M relationship may be estimated where several F–M curves have already been assembled in a specific region. Individual F–M curves are normalized by fan area or fan volume, then stratified by process type and geomorphic activity level. This paper describes the development of regional F–M curves for debris flows in southwestern British Columbia and debris flows and debris floods in the Bow River valley near Canmore, Alberta. We apply the regional relationships to other cases in Canada and the United States and demonstrate that the method can be globalized. The regional approach is compared to cases where detailed F–M relationships have been established by other means. Strong negative deviations from the regional debris‐flow or debris‐flood magnitude trends could signal inherent watershed stability, while strong positive deviations could signal extraordinary landslide processes, or suggest that the fan may be largely of paraglacial origin. We highlight some of these outlying cases and develop a method whereby the regional curves can be meaningfully adjusted, or reliance can be placed on lower or upper confidence bounds of the F–M curves. We caution against the indiscriminate use of the regionally based F–M curves, especially in watersheds where multiple geomorphic processes are active. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of various energy storage methods for implementation in hot and arid climates
Authors: AlShafi Manal , Bicer Yusuf 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlobal warming plays an increasing role in our world, as the share of renewable energy sources in the overall production of electricity has witnessed exponential growth over the past years. Consumer demands are required to be met at any moment at a feasible price. However, storing energy in hot and arid climate regions is a sensitive matter as it is critical to consider appropriate technologies to implement for avoiding unnecessary causalities caused by extreme temperatures. This study compares 13 different energy storage methods, namely; pumped hydro, compressed air, flywheels, hot water storage, molten salt, hydrogen, ammonia, lithium‐ion battery, Zn‐air battery, redox flow battery, fuel cells, supercapacitors, and superconducting magnetic storage to be implemented in hot arid regions in terms of water usage, energy density, location dependency, and temperature degradation. A survey was conducted based on prior criteria to compare all 13 energy storage methods. The study concluded that the highest rankings for energy storage techniques are obtained for; Zn‐air battery, superconductors, and flywheels with overall rankings of 7.18, 6.73, and 6.61, respectively. In contrast, some of the rankings are very close to each other implying the potential application of several methods in hot climates.
Effect of steam explosion on nutritional composition and antioxidative activities of okra seed and its application in gluten‐free cookies
Authors: Hu Lei , Guo Jiamin , Zhu Xiwei , Liu Rui , Wu Tao , Sui Wenjie , Zhang Min 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHealth‐conscious consumers are increasingly interested in gluten‐free (GF) foods. Raw okra seed (ROS) flour and steam‐exploded okra seed (SEOS) flour were explored for developing GF cookies with high nutritional values and in vitro enzymatic digestion. Results indicated that the steam explosion exhibited significant effects on enhancing the release of dietary fibers and lipids in okra seed flour at moderate explosion pressure. Although steam explosion caused the loss of flavonoid compounds, moderate high explosion pressure enhanced the release of total phenolics ranged from 294.57 to 619.07 mg GAE/100 g DM with significantly improved DPPH• radical scavenging activity (from 18.78% to 67.34%) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (from 13.37% to 149.04%). The rapidly digestible starch (RDS) content in GF cookies decreased with increasing steam explosion severity, whereas slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) contents significantly increased from 36.91% to 40.92% and from 2.50% to 9.06%, respectively. Steam explosion is an effective technique for enhancing the release of nutrients like dietary fiber and total phenolics, and okra seed flour, especially SEOS flour, can be alternative choices to provide food functional materials for developing various GF food products.
Evaluating the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the physical and mental well‐being of obstetricians and gynecologists in Turkey
Authors: Yalçın Bahat Pınar , Aldıkaçtıoğlu Talmaç Merve , Bestel Ayşegül , Topbas Selcuki Nura F. , Karadeniz Ozan , Polat Ibrahim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo apply online surveying to assess the general physical and mental well‐being of obstetricians/gynecologists (OB/GYNs) working in COVID‐19 designated hospitals in Turkey.MethodsA prospective survey‐based study using an online survey platform. Three hundred participants working at COVID‐19 designated hospitals in Turkey identified from a hospital database were sent a link to the survey by email between April 29 and May 20, 2020.ResultsA total of 253 OB/GYNs (31 consultants and 222 residents) completed the survey, for a response rate of 84.3%. Of respondents, 191 (76.4%) were anxious about coming into contact with pregnant women infected with COVID‐19. 74.4% stated that they were afraid of getting sick. 64.8% reported that they had fallen into despair at times because of the pandemic. 66.5% stated that their family lives were affected. 72.4% started living separately from their families because of the pandemic.ConclusionDespite the difficulties in patient care during the pandemic, OB/GYNs continued providing for their patients, which reflected positively on their perceptions of the profession. The importance of trust in the national healthcare system, presence of adequate PPE, finding a suitable coping mechanism, and family support were essential for Turkish OB/GYNs during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04327531.Turkish obstetricians/gynecologists reported anxiety and stress caused by the current situation and future implications of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
The “EA brief”: A single session of parent feedback and coaching to improve emotional attachment and emotional availability (EA)
Authors: McConnell Maren , Closson Lia , Morse Bradley , Wurster Hannah , Flykt Marjo , Sarche Michelle , Biringen Zeynep 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to determine the extent to which a brief parenting intervention provided the context for helping families to support positive mother–child interactions as well as more optimal mother and child outcomes. Participants in this study were middle income mothers and their children were between 0–3 years of age (N = 25 dyads). Participants were filmed via Skype during a 20‐minute mother–child free play and completed questionnaires (Time 1) before attending the brief intervention (involving: a single session of one‐on‐one parent feedback and coaching, and information via group meeting, texts, and reading) followed by a repeat of the 20‐minute Skype interaction and the completion of the same questionnaires (Time 2). Paired samples t‐tests were performed, revealing that mothers reported improvements in their personal well‐being (using the Flourishing Scale), reports about the mother‐child relationship (using the Emotional Availability Self Report), and observed interactions, particularly the child's side of the relationship (using the Emotional Availability System), from pretest to posttest. Results are discussed in terms of a single session of parent feedback and coaching (in conjunction with an informational group session and texts) potentially having a role in “planting a seed” for observed and self‐reported parenting enhancement and child development.