bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast Feeding among Mothers Attending Immunization Clinic at Health Centresin Rivers State Nigeria: An Institutional-based Survey
Authors: Gabriel-Job Nneka , Azubogu Uju S. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Breastfeeding, especially exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), is considered effective for children’s survival. The practice and duration of EBF still remain low. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of breastfeeding and factors preventing EBF practicesamong mothers attending Health Centres for immunization services in Rivers State, Nigeria.
Methodology: Participants (n=480) were mothers who delivered their babies 4-18 months before onset of the study and attended immunization clinic (Health Centres in Obio/Akpor, Rivers State, Nigeria). An interviewer administered pre-tested, semi structured questionnaire was used to obtain the following information: their knowledge of EBF, their breast feeding practices, and reasons for not practicing EBF.
Results: Majority (86.3%) had heard of EBF, having heard it from a health facility. Only 153 (32.0%) women agreed that colostrum should be fed to a new born. 338 (70.4%) responded that the duration of EBF is 6 months while 302 (62.1%) responded that breast feeding should be stopped immediately after the infant becomes one year old. 149 (31.0%) practiced EBF; EBF was significantly related to antenatal care attendance(p = 0.02),spousal support(p = 0.03) and parity (p = 0.003). Returning to work after childbirth was the main reason for not practicing EBF.
Conclusion: Adequate information on the benefits and duration of breastfeeding is needed to enable effective breastfeeding. Support from the family and work place may enhance the practice of EBF in Rivers State.
Double Helix Structure of Photon
Authors: Chen Sennian 
Published: April 2020

Does photon have structure, what structure? A useful clue is: The EM theory predicts that the helical distribution of vector EH plus speed makes the angular momentum of the circular polarized light. Photon possesses speed and spin , weather its spin and other basic properties are also owing to the similar EH structure plus ? We are going to find out the answer. Starting from an ordinary symmetrical EM-wave beam, we do not presuppose it having any relation with the photon and quantization. We will prove the symmetrical wave beam is circular polarized; it is composed of an -energy packet and a conical (EM) wave with much smaller energy. The energy packet is a small and thin slice of circular polarized EH field wrapped by a cylindrical side membrane with helically distributed . Mechanical equilibrium between and stresses in the side membrane and the EH field inside construct a very steady structure to keep its integrity and energy. The energy-packet will be proved having almost all the basic properties we used to know for the photon(s). It floats on the front of the conical (EM) wave. They move with the same phase until meeting an obstacle. The energy packet and accompanying wave satisfy the same circular polarized wave function and play a role together in the processes of emission, absorption and interference. They show wave particle properties all the time. It seems such EM train can be reasonably treated as a photon and vice versa.
Silicon‐Derived Singlet Nucleophilic Carbene Reagents in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Priebbenow Daniel L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOver fifty years ago, the 1,2‐rearrangement of acylsilanes was first described by Adrian Brook and co‐workers. This rearrangement (now termed the Brook rearrangement) yields reactive silicon‐based singlet nucleophilic carbene (SNC) intermediates that participate in a variety of chemical transformations including 1,2‐carbonyl addition, 1,4‐addition to electron‐deficient unsaturated bonds and insertion into C−H and O−H bonds. This review aims to cover the historical literature and recent advances with regard to these valuable silicon‐based reagents and highlight additional aspects related to the intriguing reactivity of both the carbene and oxocarbenium intermediates.magnified image
Model simplification and variable selection: A replication of the UK inflation model by Hendry (2001)
Authors: Błażejowski Marcin , Kufel Paweł , Kwiatkowski Jacek 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn this paper, we revisit the well‐known UK inflation model by Hendry (Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2001, 16, 255–275. We replicate the results in a narrow sense using the gretl and PcGive programs. In a wide sense, we extend the study of model uncertainty using the Bayesian averaging of classical estimates (BACE) approach as an automatic model reduction strategy. We consider three different specifications to compare BACE variable selection with Hendry's reduction. We find that the BACE method can recover the path of nontrivial reduction strategy.
Effects of ocean climate on spatiotemporal variation in sea urchin settlement and recruitment
Authors: Okamoto Daniel K. , Schroeter Stephen C. , Reed Daniel C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSea urchins are voracious herbivores that influence the ecological structure and function of nearshore ecosystems throughout the world. Like many species that produce planktonic larvae, their recruitment is thought to be particularly sensitive to climatic fluctuations that directly or indirectly affect adult reproduction and larval transport and survival. Yet how climate alters sea urchin populations in space and time by modifying larval recruitment and year‐class strength on the time‐scales that regulate populations remains understudied. Using a, spatially replicated weekly‐biweekly data set spanning 27 yr and 1100 km of coastline, we characterized seasonal, interannual, and spatial patterns of larval settlement of the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus). We show that large spatial differences in temporal patterns of larval settlement were associated with different responses to fluctuations in ocean temperature and climate. Importantly, we found a strong correlation between larval settlement and regional year class strength suggesting that such temporal and spatial variation in settlement plays an important role in controlling population dynamics. These results provide strong evidence over extensive temporal and spatial domains that climatic fluctuations shape broad‐scale patterns of larval settlement and subsequent population structure of an important marine herbivore known to control the productivity, community state, and provisioning services of marine ecosystems.
Organocatalyzed Living Radical Polymerization of Itaconates and Self‐Assemblies of Rod−Coil Block Copolymers
Authors: Hu Keling , Sarkar Jit , Zheng Jie , Lim Yan Hui Melania , Goto Atsushi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOrganocatalyzed living radical polymerizations of itaconates are studied, yielding low‐dispersity linear and star polymers (Đ = Mw/Mn = 1.28−1.46) up to Mn = 20 000 and monomer conversion = 62%, where Mn and Mw are the number‐ and weight‐average molar masses, respectively. The block polymerization with functional methacrylates, an acrylate, and styrene yields various rod−coil block copolymers. Linear A−B diblock, linear B−A−B triblock, and 3‐arm star A−B diblock copolymers generate spherical micelles (nanoparticles) and vesicles (nanocapsules), depending on the polymer structures. Itaconates can be derived from bioresources, and thus the obtained polymers may serve as green polymers. Because of the biocompatibility of polyitaconates, the assemblies may serve as biocompatible nanocarriers.
Effectiveness of the use of the E-Gamification strategy to develop the educational achievement of the preparatory students in Dammam City and their attitudes towards it
Authors: Ibrahim Hatim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe goal of the current research to identify the effectiveness of the use of the strategy of electronic defects in the development of the educational techniques of the students of the middle level in Dammam city and the direction towards it, the descriptive and semi-experimental curriculum was used, for their content for research purposes, and has been The total number of members of the sample (170) students, divided into an experimental group and the number of its members (85) students, the number of members of the control group (85) students and the researcher used the test achievement in the subjects of educational techniques, and the measure of direction towards them and the research found the existence of statistically significant differences, between Average student grades of the experimental group, student grades of the control group, in the dimension measurement, of the attainment test, and the existence of statistically significant differences between the average grades of students of the experimental group and the grades of the students of the control group in the dimensional measurement of the trend measure towards the strategy of the defect Electronic for the benefit of the experimental group.
Zero-Power Defense Done Right: Shielding IMDs from Battery-Depletion Attacks
Authors: Siddiqi Muhammad Ali , Serdijn Wouter A. , Strydis Christos 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe wireless capabilities of modern Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs) make them vulnerable to security attacks. One prominent attack, which has disastrous consequences for the patient’s wellbeing, is the battery Denial-of-Service attack whereby the IMD is occupied with continuous authentication requests from an adversary with the aim of depleting its battery. Zero-Power Defense (ZPD), based on energy harvesting, is known to be an excellent protection against these attacks. This paper raises essential design considerations for employing ZPD techniques in commercial IMDs, offers a critical review of ZPD techniques found in literature and, subsequently, gives crucial recommendations for developing comprehensive ZPD solutions.
Acquired Aplastic Anemia as a Clonal Disorder of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Brzeźniakiewicz-Janus Katarzyna , Rupa-Matysek Joanna , Gil Lidia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAplastic anemia is rare disorder presenting with bone marrow failure syndrome due to autoimmune destruction of early hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and stem cell progenitors. Recent advances in newer genomic sequencing and other molecular techniques have contributed to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia with respect to the inflammaging, somatic mutations, cytogenetic abnormalities and defective telomerase functions of HSCs. These have been summarized in this review and may be helpful in differentiating aplastic anemia from hypocellular myelodysplastic syndrome. Furthermore, responses to immunosuppressive therapy and outcomes may be determined by molecular pathogenesis of HSCs autoimmune destruction, as well as treatment personalization in the future.
Die Folgen des Klimawandels als sicherheitspolitische Herausforderung
Authors: Dröge Susanne 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Klimawandel kann auf vielfältige Weise konfliktträchtige Konstellationen verschärfen. Konkrete Folgen für fragile Staaten und für Militäroperationen bedürfen auch einer sicherheitspolitischen Bewertung. Deutschland hat 2020 im UN-System eine wichtige Rolle, da es sowohl im Zuge der internationalen Klimaverhandlungen als auch als nichtständiges Mitglied im UN-Sicherheitsrat die Debatten über Klimarisiken zusammenführen und für mehr internationales Engagement gegen den Klimawandel werben kann.
The direct cost of disability of community-dwelling older persons in Belgium
Authors: Cès Sophie , Lambert Anne-Sophie , de Almeida Mello Johanna , Declercq Anja , Speybroeck Niko , Annemans Lieven , Macq Jean 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCurrent policies aim to promote and develop community-based support of disabled elderly persons, yet knowledge of the cost implications is insufficient. Thus, we aimed to estimate, for three disability profiles and three presence levels of the main informal carer (none, non-cohabitant, cohabitant), the cost of formal and informal support currently provided at home in Belgium. In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 5,642 disabled elderly persons living at home was established between 2010 and 2016. The administrative database of the Belgian public healthcare insurance was merged with other prospective data on social care service utilisation, informal care and disability. The total cost of formal support ranged from €725 to €1,344 (on average, per person, per month), depending on the three disability profiles identified. Twenty-five per cent of persons with the highest level of disability (important functional limitations and cognitive impairment) and helped by a cohabitant carer, had a low total cost of formal support: below €382 per month. Informal care represented the main cost component of total support costs in the three disability profiles (between 64 and 76%). To prevent the worsening of situations of disabled older persons and their informal carers, better detection of seriously disabled persons with low levels of formal support is crucial.
Behandlung der membranösen Glomerulopathie
Authors: Marín Franco Antonio José , Ramos Sarai Camino , Malave Irene , Redondo Magdalena Terán , León Gabriel Yépez , Gonzalo Cesar Delgado Lapeira , Luquín Pedro Abáigar , De Toro Enrique García , Palacios Ball Johanna Beatriz 
Published: April 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Behandlung der primären membranösen Glomerulonephritiden (pMGN) ist wegen der hohen Wahrscheinlichkeit spontaner Remissionen stark umstritten. In dieser Studie wird die Erfahrung aus 12 Jahren zur Behandlung der pMGN bei 22 Patienten im Universitätsklinikum Burgos (Spanien) dargestellt. Ein prädiktives Model versucht, je nach Proteinurie in 24 Stunden und glomerulärer Filtrationsrate (GFR) die Wahrscheinlichkeit zur Progression der pMGN einzuschätzen. Darunter wurden die Patienten in niedriges, mäßiges und hohes Risiko eingeteilt. Die Niedrig-Risiko-Patienten bekamen keine Therapie. Währenddessen wurden die Mäßig- und Hoch-Risiko-Patienten mit immunsuppressiver Therapie behandelt. Bei einer Erfolgsrate von über 80 % bei den Patienten, bei denen eine immunsuppressive Therapie angesetzt wurde, erscheint das prädiktive Modell eine nützliche Methode zum Entscheidungsprozess, welche Patienten von der Therapie profitieren würden – v. a. bei Niedrig- und Mäßig-Risiko-Patienten.
Monstering: a transdisciplinary method for an unstable world
Authors: Armstrong Rachel , Hughes Rolf , Ferracina Simone 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper outlines the transdisciplinary practice of monstering, a toolset used by the Experimental Architecture Group (EAG) to engage with a world in constant flux. The chapter describes recent Experimental Architecture projects that draw attention to the need for radical change at a time of ecocide. Our ‘monstering’ perspectives draw inspiration from the countless forms of cooperation and acts of generosity that underpin healthy ecological systems. Throughout the text, a range of different voices, materials, media and practices are brought together to synthesise the potentials of monstering. Monstering generates qualitatively new encounters in the choreography of space and its inhabitation. It challenges normative protocols and existing practices by embodying the unknown and uncontrollable aspects of the world. Through monstering, we embrace our innate zoephilia (Braidotti, 2006, p. 41), increasing our capacity to respond to an ever-changing reality and finding new ways of diplomacy to better communicate and acknowledge the contributions of non-human agents to our reality. EAG’s monstering experiments seek to bring designed change to functionality (Haraway, 2015) through re-empowerment, re-connection and re-enchantment with an ecologically stressed world. The paper details monstering performances and installations as prototypes that draw attention to established preferences, conventions, and habits, celebrating diversity, difference and paradoxical encounters.
Population density, human development index, priority watersheds and voluntary disclosure of pollutant release data by textile companies in Indonesia
Authors: Birry A A , Utomo S W , Herdiansyah H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
There are currently twenty textile companies in Indonesia that have voluntarily disclosed information about their release of hazardous chemicals from their production facilities on an internet page. The information disclosure is carried out using the PRTR system approach, and individually by the twenty companies. In the period of 2013 to 2019, together, 43 information disclosures were recorded. All companies that disclose their pollutant release data are located in locations with very high population densities. Meanwhile 75% of them operate in locations with high HDI levels. In addition, only one company that voluntarily disclosed their pollutant release data is not located in priority watersheds. This study might provide the first step for further research on the driving or pulling factors of the voluntary information disclosure. Information that should be the rights of the public.
The active compound of soursop leaf extract (Annona muricata, L.) as anti-vaginal discharge (Fluor albus)
Authors: Rustanti E , Fatmawati Z 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aims of this study is to determine the effectiveness of antifungal Soursop leaf extract against the fungus Candida albicans and determine the class of compounds that act as vaginal discharge. Soursop leaf was extracted using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent then concentrated with a rotary evaporator. The class determination of active compound by using multilevel composition fractionation method with n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate solvent. The effectiveness test of antifungal of each fraction toward Candida albicans by diffusion method is so that the researcher can look at the inhibitory zone diameter, then identify them by using UV-VIS and FTIR spectrophotometry to determine the active compound as antifungal. The highest antifungal effectiveness of soursop leaf active compounds was the n hexane fraction with inhibition diameter 23.7 mm which was categorized as strong, compared to the positive control of ketoconazole with inhibition zone 22.5 mm and nystatin 15, 9 mm. The compound which is thought to have antifungal activity from the n- hexane fraction of soursop leaves is a terpenoid compound.
Histopathology of gill tissue koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) infected Myxobolus sp. with treatment of diflubenzuron
Authors: Yanuhar U , Musa M , Putri R D , Caesar N R , Junirahma N S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Along with the development of aquaculture activities, certainly, there are many problems that can interfere with the cultivation process one of the causes is because of parasite attacks on fish. One of the parasites that often attacks koi fish is Myxobolus sp. The purpose of this study was to determine the histological picture and the effect of giving Diflubenzuron on the damage to the gill tissue of koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) with the treatment of Diflubenzuron. The method used in this study is an experimental method using 5 treatments namely (A) healthy fish, (B) fish infected with Myxobolus sp., (C) fish infected with Myxobolus sp. and Diflubenzuron dose 0.01 mg, (D) of fish infected with Myxobolus sp. and Diflubenzuron dose 0.02 mg and (E) fish infected with Myxobolus sp. and Diflubenzuron dose 0.03 mg. Histopathological observations were made on gill tissue. The level of gill tissue damage can be determined by the scoring method. Based on the results of the study, there were three tissue damages found in histopathological observations of gill tissue, namely oedema, hyperplasia, and lamella fusion. Treatment of Diflubenzuron with different doses has a different effect on the level of gill tissue damage. The conclusion of this study, the treatment of Diflubenzuron 0.02 mg (D) has the best effect compared to other doses, evidenced by the reduction in damage to the gill tissue.
Cascading failures in complex networks
Authors: Valdez Lucas D , Shekhtman Louis , La Rocca Cristian E , Zhang Xin , Buldyrev Sergey V , Trunfio Paul A , Braunstein Lidia A , Havlin Shlomo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cascading failure is a potentially devastating process that spreads on real-world complex networks and can impact the integrity of wide-ranging infrastructures, natural systems and societal cohesiveness. One of the essential features that create complex network vulnerability to failure propagation is the dependency among their components, exposing entire systems to significant risks from destabilizing hazards such as human attacks, natural disasters or internal breakdowns. Developing realistic models for cascading failures as well as strategies to halt and mitigate the failure propagation can point to new approaches to restoring and strengthening real-world networks. In this review, we summarize recent progress on models developed based on physics and complex network science to understand the mechanisms, dynamics and overall impact of cascading failures. We present models for cascading failures in single networks and interdependent networks and explain how different dynamic propagation mechanisms can lead to an abrupt collapse and a rich dynamic behaviour. Finally, we close the review with novel emerging strategies for containing cascades of failures and discuss open questions that remain to be addressed.
“Meds-in-Hand” Intervention to Reduce Critical Process Delays in Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Epstein Rachel L , Penwill Nicole , Clarke Diana F , Hamilton Sebastian , Horbowicz Kevin , Dorfman David , Moses James M , Cooper Ellen R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Pediatric human immunodeficiency virus post-exposure prophylaxis is frequently indicated, but delays in medication receipt are common. Using plan-do-study-act cycles, we developed a multidisciplinary collaboration to reduce critical process delays in our pediatric emergency department. Interruptions decreased from a median 1 per month pre-intervention to zero per month during the intervention.