bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat and Mass Transfer in the Food, Energy, and Water Nexus—A Review
Authors: Derby Melanie M. , Adams Allison N. , Chakraborty Partha P. , Haque Mohammad Rejaul , Huber Ryan A. , Morrow Jordan A. , Riley Gennifer A. , Ross Molly , Stallbaumer Emily M. , Betz Amy R. , Bindra Hitesh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEngineering innovations—including those in heat and mass transfer—are needed to provide food, water, and power to a growing population (i.e., projected to be 9.8 × 109 by 2050) with limited resources. The interweaving of these resources is embodied in the food, energy, and water (FEW) nexus. This review paper focuses on heat and mass transfer applications which involve at least two aspects of the FEW nexus. Energy and water topics include energy extraction of natural gas hydrates and shale gas; power production (e.g., nuclear and solar); power plant cooling (e.g., wet, dry, and hybrid cooling); water desalination and purification; and building energy/water use, including heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration technology. Subsequently, this review considers agricultural thermal fluids applications, such as the food and water nexus (e.g., evapotranspiration and evaporation) and the FEW nexus (e.g., greenhouses and food storage, including granaries and freezing/drying). As part of this review, over 100 review papers on thermal and fluid topics relevant to the FEW nexus were tabulated and over 350 research journal articles were discussed. Each section discusses previous research and highlights future opportunities regarding heat and mass transfer research. Several cross-cutting themes emerged from the literature and represent future directions for thermal fluids research: the need for fundamental, thermal fluids knowledge; scaling up from the laboratory to large-scale, integrated systems; increasing economic viability; and increasing efficiency when utilizing resources, especially using waste products.
Exogenous Fatty Acids Remodel Staphylococcus aureus Lipid Composition through Fatty Acid Kinase
Authors: DeMars Zachary , Singh Vineet K. , Bose Jeffrey L. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Staphylococcus aureus can utilize exogenous fatty acids for phospholipid synthesis. The fatty acid kinase FakA is essential for this utilization by phosphorylating exogenous fatty acids for incorporation into lipids. How FakA impacts the lipid membrane composition is unknown. In this study, we used mass spectrometry to determine the membrane lipid composition and properties of S. aureus in the absence of fakA. We found the fakA mutant to have increased abundance of lipids containing longer acyl chains. Since S. aureus does not synthesize unsaturated fatty acids, we utilized oleic acid (18:1) to track exogenous fatty acid incorporation into lipids. We observed a concentration-dependent incorporation of exogenous fatty acids into the membrane that required FakA. We also tested how FakA and exogenous fatty acids impact membrane-related physiology and identified changes in membrane potential, cellular respiration, and membrane fluidity. To mimic the host environment, we characterized the lipid composition of wild-type and fakA mutant bacteria grown in mouse skin homogenate. We show that wild-type S. aureus can incorporate exogenous unsaturated fatty acids from host tissue, highlighting the importance of FakA in the presence of host skin tissue. In conclusion, FakA is important for maintaining the composition and properties of the phospholipid membrane in the presence of exogenous fatty acids, impacting overall cell physiology.
IMPORTANCE Environmental fatty acids can be harvested to supplement endogenous fatty acid synthesis to produce membranes and circumvent fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitors. However, how the inability to use these fatty acids impacts lipids is unclear. Our results reveal lipid composition changes in response to fatty acid addition and when S. aureus is unable to activate fatty acids through FakA. We identify concentration-dependent utilization of oleic acid that, when combined with previous work, provides evidence that fatty acids can serve as a signal to S. aureus. Furthermore, using mouse skin homogenates as a surrogate for in vivo conditions, we showed that S. aureus can incorporate host fatty acids. This study highlights how exogenous fatty acids impact bacterial membrane composition and function.
Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled intervention study on the nutritional efficacy of a food for special medical purposes (FSMP) and a dietary supplement in reducing the symptoms of veisalgia
Authors: Lieb Bernhard , Schmitt Patrick 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo assess whether the symptoms of veisalgia can be reduced by intense water supply and the intake of antioxidative supplements and plant extracts.MethodsWe performed the world’s largest randomised double-blind placebo-controlled intervention study (214 participants) on the efficacy of a food for special medical purposes (FSMP) against veisalgia symptoms. We analysed the effectiveness of: (1) an FSMP, including distinct plant extracts, vitamins and minerals, and additional (antioxidative) compounds; (2) a dietary supplement only comprising vitamins and minerals and additional (antioxidative) compounds; and (3) a placebo containing only glucose. The study followed the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) guidelines and trial registration was not necessary.ResultsOur study showed no statistically significant relationship between the variation of body water content and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common belief, the results showed that intervention with a supplement containing vitamins and minerals and additional antioxidative compounds did not lead to a statistically significant improvement in hangover symptoms. Additionally, our results confirmed a high individual variability in developing hangover symptoms depending on the amount of alcohol. Thus, standardisation of the amount of alcohol consumed in hangover studies does not necessarily contribute to the validity of the results. Finally, this study found a number of positive effects on certain hangover symptoms as a result of the FSMP, which were most likely due to the plant extracts contained within the food.ConclusionThis study significantly supports the finding that haemostasis of electrolytes and minerals caused by alcohol consumption might be negligible and that no significant dehydration due to alcohol consumption seems to occur. Additionally, only the FSMP provides evidence for a significant efficiency in the reduction of hangover symptoms such as headache and nausea following moderate and non-excessive alcohol consumption.
New Emoji Requests from Twitter Users
Authors: Feng Yunhe , Lu Zheng , Zhou Wenjun , Wang Zhibo , Cao Qing 
Published: May 2020

As emojis become prevalent in personal communications, people are always looking for new, interesting emojis to express emotions, show attitudes, or simply visualize texts. In this study, we collected more than 30 million tweets mentioning the word
emoji
in a 1-year period to study emoji requests on Twitter. First, we filtered out bot-generated tweets and extracted emoji requests from the raw tweets using a comprehensive list of linguistic patterns. To our surprise, some extant emojis, such as fire 🔥 and hijab 🧕, were still frequently requested by many users. A large number of non-existing emojis were also requested, which were classified into one of eight emoji categories by Unicode Standard. We then examined patterns of new emoji requests by exploring their time, location, and context. Eagerness and frustration of not having these emojis were evidenced by our sentiment analysis, and we summarize users’ advocacy channels. Focusing on typical patterns of co-mentioned emojis, we also identified expressions of equity, diversity, and fairness issues due to unreleased but expected emojis, and we summarized the significance of new emojis on society. Finally, time-continuity-sensitive strategies at multiple time granularity levels were proposed to rank petitioned emojis by the eagerness, and a real-time monitoring system to track new emoji requests was implemented. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed tracking system is the first to rank the new desired emojis on a large scale and in a real-time manner.
No More One Liners
Authors: Kim Joongyum , Gong Taesik , Kim Bogoan , Park Jaeyeon , Kim Woojeong , Huang Evey , Han Kyungsik , Kim Juho , Ko Jeonggil , Lee Sung-Ju 
Published: May 2020

As emojis are increasingly used in everyday online communication such as messaging, email, and social networks, various techniques have attempted to improve the user experience in communicating emotions and information through emojis. Emoji recommendation is one such example in which machine learning is applied to predict which emojis the user is about to select, based on the user’s current input message. Although emoji suggestion helps users identify and select the right emoji among a plethora of emojis, analyzing only a single sentence for this purpose has several limitations. First, various emotions, information, and contexts that emerge in a flow of conversation could be missed by simply looking at the most recent sentence. Second, it cannot suggest emojis for emoji-only messages, where the users use only emojis without any text. To overcome these issues, we present
Reeboc
(Recommending emojis based on context), which combines machine learning and
k
-means clustering to analyze the conversation of a chat, extract different emotions or topics of the conversation, and recommend emojis that represent various contexts to the user. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed emoji recommendation system and understand its effects on user experience, we performed a user study with 17 participants in eight groups in a realistic mobile chat environment with three different modes: (i) a default static layout without emoji recommendations, (ii) emoji recommendation based on the current single sentence, and (iii) our emoji recommendation model that considers the conversation. Participants spent the least amount of time in identifying and selecting the emojis of their choice with
Reeboc
(38% faster than the baseline). They also chose emojis that were more highly ranked with
Reeboc
than with current-sentence-only recommendations. Moreover, participants appreciated emoji recommendations for emoji-only messages, which contributed to 36.2% of all sentences containing emojis.
Book Review - Cloud Computing Design Patterns
Authors: Erl Thomas , Cope Robert , Naserpour Amin 
Published: May 2020

Cloud Computing Design Patterns is written by Thomas Erl, Robert Cope, and Amin Naserpour, and published by Prentice Hall, © 2015, 978-0-13-385856-3, and is 591 pages long.
The "Objective of This Book" section sets a lofty goal to catalog design patterns for cloud computing, targeting IT professionals who are involved in architecting, building, maintaining, evolving cloud-based solutions and environments. Since that fits squarely in the middle of my "day job", I was really excited to get my hands on this book.
A Moment of Weakness
Authors: Oostenbrink Jorik , Kuipers Fernando A. 
Published: May 2020

By targeting communication and power networks, malicious actors can significantly disrupt our society. As networks are more vulnerable after a natural disaster, this moment of weakness may be exploited to disrupt the network even further. However, the potential impact and mitigation of such a follow-up attack has yet to be studied.
In this paper,we propose a frame work to analyze the impact of a combination of a natural disaster followed by a targeted single node failure. We apply this frame work on empirical disaster data and two network topologies. Our ex- periments show that even small targeted attacks can significantly augment the already grave network disruption caused by a natural disaster. We further show that this effect can be mitigated by adopting a calculated repair strategy.
HACE1 Prevents Lung Carcinogenesis via Inhibition of RAC-Family GTPases
Authors: Kogler Melanie , Tortola Luigi , Negri Gian Luca , Leopoldi Alexandra , El-Naggar Amal M. , Mereiter Stefan , Gomez-Diaz Carlos , Nitsch Roberto , Tortora Davide , Kavirayani Anoop M. , Gapp Bianca V. , Rao Shuan , Uribesalgo Iris , Hoffmann David , Cikes Domagoj , Novatchkova Maria , Williams David A. , Trent Jeffrey M. , Ikeda Fumiyo , Daugaard Mads , Hagelkruys Astrid , Sorensen Poul H. , Penninger Josef M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHACE1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase with important roles in tumor biology and tissue homeostasis. Loss or mutation of HACE1 has been associated with the occurrence of a variety of neoplasms, but the underlying mechanisms have not been defined yet. Here, we report that HACE1 is frequently mutated in human lung cancer. In mice, loss of Hace1 led to enhanced progression of KRasG12D-driven lung tumors. Additional ablation of the oncogenic GTPase Rac1 partially reduced progression of Hace1−/− lung tumors. RAC2, a novel ubiquitylation target of HACE1, could compensate for the absence of its homolog RAC1 in Hace1-deficient, but not in HACE1-sufficient tumors. Accordingly, ablation of both Rac1 and Rac2 fully averted the increased progression of KRasG12D-driven lung tumors in Hace1−/− mice. In patients with lung cancer, increased expression of HACE1 correlated with reduced levels of RAC1 and RAC2 and prolonged survival, whereas elevated expression of RAC1 and RAC2 was associated with poor prognosis. This work defines HACE1 as a crucial regulator of the oncogenic activity of RAC-family GTPases in lung cancer development.Significance:These findings reveal that mutation of the tumor suppressor HACE1 disrupts its role as a regulator of the oncogenic activity of RAC-family GTPases in human and murine lung cancer.
ERRα Expression in Bone Metastases Leads to an Exacerbated Antitumor Immune Response
Authors: Bouchet Mathilde , Lainé Alexandra , Boyault Cyril , Proponnet-Guerault Mathilde , Meugnier Emmanuelle , Bouazza Lamia , Kan Casina W.S. , Geraci Sandra , El-Moghrabi Soumaya , Hernandez-Vargas Hector , Benetollo Claire , Yoshiko Yuji , Duterque-Coquillaud Martine , Clézardin Philippe , Marie Julien C. , Bonnelye Edith 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Bone is the most common metastatic site for breast cancer. Although the estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) has been implicated in breast cancer cell dissemination to the bone from the primary tumor, its role after tumor cell anchorage in the bone microenvironment remains elusive. Here, we reveal that ERRα inhibits the progression of bone metastases of breast cancer cells by increasing the immune activity of the bone microenvironment. Overexpression of ERRα in breast cancer bone metastases induced expression of chemokines CCL17 and CCL20 and repressed production of TGFβ3. Subsequently, CD8+ T lymphocytes recruited to bone metastases escaped TGFβ signaling control and were endowed with exacerbated cytotoxic features, resulting in significant reduction in metastases. The clinical relevance of our findings in mice was confirmed in over 240 patients with breast cancer. Thus, this study reveals that ERRα regulates immune properties in the bone microenvironment that contributes to decreasing metastatic growth.

Significance:
This study places ERRα at the interplay between the immune response and bone metastases of breast cancer, highlighting a potential target for intervention in advanced disease.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Antitumor Effect of Apalutamide with Abiraterone Acetate plus Prednisone in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Phase Ib Study
Authors: Posadas Edwin M. , Chi Kim N. , de Wit Ronald , de Jonge Maja J.A. , Attard Gerhardt , Friedlander Terence W. , Yu Margaret K. , Hellemans Peter , Chien Caly , Abrams Charlene , Jiao Juhui J. , Saad Fred 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Apalutamide is a next-generation androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor approved for patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and antitumor activity of apalutamide combined with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AA-P) in patients with metastatic CRPC (mCRPC).

Patients and Methods:
Multicenter, open-label, phase Ib drug–drug interaction study conducted in 57 patients with mCRPC treated with 1,000 mg abiraterone acetate plus 10 mg prednisone daily beginning on cycle 1 day 1 (C1D1) and 240 mg apalutamide daily starting on C1D8 in 28-day cycles. Serial blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected on C1D7 and C2D8.

Results:
Systemic exposure to abiraterone, prednisone, and prednisolone decreased 14%, 61%, and 42%, respectively, when apalutamide was coadministered with AA-P. No increase in mineralocorticoid excess–related adverse events was observed. Patients without prior exposure to AR signaling inhibitors had longer median treatment duration and greater mean decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) from baseline compared with those who had received prior therapy. Confirmed PSA reductions of ≥50% from baseline at any time were observed in 80% (12/15) of AR signaling inhibitor–naïve patients and 14% (6/42) of AR signaling inhibitor–treated patients.

Conclusions:
Treatment with apalutamide plus AA-P was well tolerated and showed evidence of antitumor activity in patients with mCRPC, including those with disease progression on AR signaling inhibitors. No clinically significant pharmacokinetic interaction was observed between abiraterone and apalutamide; however, apalutamide decreased exposure to prednisone. These data support development of 1,000 mg abiraterone acetate plus 10 mg prednisone daily with 240 mg apalutamide daily in patients with mCRPC.
Hypoxic Cancer-Secreted Exosomal miR-182-5p Promotes Glioblastoma Angiogenesis by Targeting Kruppel-like Factor 2 and 4
Authors: Li Junjun , Yuan Hongliang , Xu Hao , Zhao Hongyang , Xiong Nanxiang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor and has a complex molecular profile. Hypoxia plays a critical role during tumor progression and in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Exosomes released by tumor cells contain informative nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids involved in the interaction between cancer and stromal cells, thus leading to TME remodeling. Accumulating evidence indicates that exosomes play a pivotal role in cell-to-cell communication. However, the mechanism by which hypoxia affects tumor angiogenesis via exosomes derived from tumor cells remains largely unknown. In our study, we found that, compared with the parental cells under normoxic conditions, the GBM cells produced more exosomes, and miR-182-5p was significantly upregulated in the exosomes from GBM cells under hypoxic conditions. Exosomal miR-182-5p directly suppressed its targets Kruppel-like factor 2 and 4, leading to the accumulation of VEGFR, thus promoting tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, exosome-mediated miR-182-5p also inhibited tight junction-related proteins (such as ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5), thus enhancing vascular permeability and tumor transendothelial migration. Knockdown of miR-182-5p reduced angiogenesis and tumor proliferation. Interestingly, we found elevated levels circulating miR-182-5p in patient blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples, and its expression level was inversely related to the prognosis.

Implications:
Overall, our data clarify the diagnostic and prognostic value of tumor-derived exosome-mediated miR-182-5p and reveal the distinctive cross-talk between tumor cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells mediated by tumor-derived exosomes that modulate tumor vasculature.
Clinical and Hemodynamic Associations and Prognostic Implications of Ventilatory Efficiency in Patients With Preserved Left Ventricular Systolic Function
Authors: Nayor Matthew , Xanthakis Vanessa , Tanguay Melissa , Blodgett Jasmine B. , Shah Ravi V. , Schoenike Mark , Sbarbaro John , Farrell Robyn , Malhotra Rajeev , Houstis Nicholas E. , Velagaleti Raghava S. , Moore Stephanie A. , Baggish Aaron L. , O’Connor George T. , Ho Jennifer E. , Larson Martin G. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Lewis Gregory D. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Ventilatory efficiency (minute ventilation required to eliminate carbon dioxide, VE/VCO2) during exercise potently predicts outcomes in advanced heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, but its prognostic significance for at-risk individuals with preserved left ventricular systolic function is unclear. We aimed to characterize mechanistic determinants and prognostic implications of VE/VCO2 in a single-center dyspneic referral cohort (MGH-ExS [Massachusetts General Hospital Exercise Study]) and in a large sample of community-dwelling participants in the FHS (Framingham Heart Study).

Methods:

Maximum incremental cardiopulmonary exercise tests were performed. VE/VCO2 was assessed as the slope pre- and post-ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VE/VCO2
pre-VATslope
, VE/VCO2
post-VATslope
), the slope throughout exercise (VE/VCO2
overall-slope
), and as the lowest 30-second value (VE/VCO2
nadir
).

Results:

In the MGH-ExS (N=493, age 56±15 years, 61% women, left ventricular ejection fraction 64±8%), higher VE/VCO2
nadir
was associated with lower peak exercise cardiac output and steeper increases in exercise pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (both
P
<0.0001). VE/VCO2
nadir
(hazard ratio, 1.34 per 1-SD unit [95% CI, 1.10–1.62]
P
=0.003) was associated with future cardiovascular hospitalization/death and outperformed classical VE/VCO2 measures used in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (VE/VCO2
overall-slope
). In FHS (N=1936, age 54±9 years, 53% women), VE/VCO2 measures taken in low-to-moderate intensity exercise (including VE/VCO2
pre-VATslope
, VE/VCO2
nadir
) were directly associated with cardiovascular risk factor burden (smoking, Framingham cardiovascular disease risk score, and lower fitness; all
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
Impaired ventilatory efficiency is associated with cardiovascular risk in the community and with adverse hemodynamic profiles and future hospitalizations/death in a referral population, highlighting the prognostic importance of easily acquired submaximum exercise ventilatory gas exchange measurements in broad populations with preserved left ventricular systolic function.
Trends in Winter Warm Spells in the Central England Temperature Record
Authors: Chapman S. C. , Murphy E. J. , Stainforth D. A. , Watkins N. W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn important impact of climate change on agriculture and the sustainability of ecosystems is the increase of extended warm spells during winter. We apply crossing theory to the central England temperature time series of winter daily maximum temperatures to quantify how increased occurrence of higher temperatures translates into more frequent, longer-lasting, and more intense winter warm spells. We find since the late 1800s an overall two- to threefold increase in the frequency and duration of winter warm spells. A winter warm spell of 5 days in duration with daytime maxima above 13°C has a return period that was often over 5 years but now is consistently below 4 years. Weeklong warm intervals that return on average every 5 years now consistently exceed ~13°C. The observed changes in the temporal pattern of environmental variability will affect the phenology of ecological processes and the structure and functioning of ecosystems.