bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinematics of the M87 Jet in the Collimation Zone: Gradual Acceleration and Velocity Stratification
Authors: Park Jongho , Hada Kazuhiro , Kino Motoki , Nakamura Masanori , Hodgson Jeffrey , Ro Hyunwook , Cui Yuzhu , Asada Keiichi , Algaba Juan-Carlos , Sawada-Satoh Satoko , Lee Sang-Sung , Cho Ilje , Shen Zhiqiang , Jiang Wu , Trippe Sascha , Niinuma Kotaro , Sohn Bong Won , Jung Taehyun , Zhao Guang-Yao , Wajima Kiyoaki , Tazaki Fumie , Honma Mareki , An Tao , Akiyama Kazunori , Byun Do-Young , Kim Jongsoo , Zhang Yingkang , Cheng Xiaopeng , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Shibata Katsunori M. , Lee Jee Won , Roh Duk-Gyoo , Oh Se-Jin , Yeom Jae-Hwan , Jung Dong-Kyu , Oh Chungsik , Kim Hyo-Ryoung , Hwang Ju-Yeon , Hagiwara Yoshiaki 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We study the kinematics of the M87 jet using the first-year data of the KVN and VERA Array (KaVA) large program, which has densely monitored the jet at 22 and 43 GHz since 2016. We find that the apparent jet speeds generally increase from ≈0.3c at ≈0.5 mas from the jet base to ≈2.7c at ≈20 mas, indicating that the jet is accelerated from subluminal to superluminal speeds on these scales. We perform a complementary jet kinematic analysis by using archival Very Long Baseline Array monitoring data observed in 2005–2009 at 1.7 GHz and find that the jet is moving at relativistic speeds up to ≈5.8c at distances of 200–410 mas. We combine the two kinematic results and find that the jet is gradually accelerated over a broad distance range that coincides with the jet collimation zone, implying that conversion of Poynting flux to kinetic energy flux takes place. If the jet emission consists of a single streamline, the observed trend of jet acceleration (Γ ∝ z
0.16±0.01) is relatively slow compared to models of a highly magnetized jet. This indicates that Poynting flux conversion through the differential collimation of poloidal magnetic fields may be less efficient than expected. However, we find a nonnegligible dispersion in the observed speeds for a given jet distance, making it difficult to describe the jet velocity field with a single power-law acceleration function. We discuss the possibility that the jet emission consists of multiple streamlines following different acceleration profiles, resulting in jet velocity stratification.
First Season MWA Phase II Epoch of Reionization Power Spectrum Results at Redshift 7
Authors: Li W. , Pober J. C. , Barry N. , Hazelton B. J. , Morales M. F. , Trott C. M. , Lanman A. , Wilensky M. , Sullivan I. , Beardsley A. P. , Booler T. , Bowman J. D. , Byrne R. , Crosse B. , Emrich D. , Franzen T. M. O. , Hasegawa K. , Horsley L. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Jacobs D. C. , Jordan C. H. , Joseph R. C. , Kaneuji T. , Kaplan D. L. , Kenney D. , Kubota K. , Line J. , Lynch C. , McKinley B. , Mitchell D. A. , Murray S. , Pallot D. , Pindor B. , Rahimi M. , Riding J. , Sleap G. , Steele K. , Takahashi K. , Tingay S. J. , Walker M. , Wayth R. B. , Webster R. L. , Williams A. , Wu C. , Wyithe J. S. B. , Yoshiura S. , Zheng Q. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The compact configuration of Phase II of the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) consists of both a redundant subarray and pseudo-random baselines, offering unique opportunities to perform sky-model and redundant interferometric calibration. The highly redundant hexagonal cores give improved power spectrum sensitivity. In this paper, we present the analysis of nearly 40 hr of data targeting one of the MWA’s epoch of reionization (EoR) fields observed in 2016. We use both improved analysis techniques presented in Barry et al. and several additional techniques developed for this work, including data quality control methods and interferometric calibration approaches. We show the EoR power spectrum limits at redshift 6.5, 6.8, and 7.1 based on our deep analysis on this 40 hr data set. These limits span a range in k-space of 0.18 h Mpc−1 < k < 1.6 h Mpc−1, with a lowest measurement of Δ2 ≤ 2.39 × 103 mK2 at k = 0.59 h Mpc−1 and z = 6.5.
Measuring and Modeling the Rate of Separator Reconnection between an Emerging and an Existing Active Region
Authors: McCarthy Marika I. , Longcope Dana W. , Malanushenko Anna , McKenzie David E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Magnetic reconnection occurs when new flux emerges into the corona and becomes incorporated into the existing coronal field. A new active region (AR) emerging in the vicinity of an existing AR provides a convenient laboratory in which reconnection of this kind can be quantified. We use high time-cadence 171 Å data from Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/AIA, focused on new/old active region pair 11147/11149, to quantify reconnection. We identify new loops as brightenings within a strip of pixels between the regions. This strategy is premised on the assumption that the energy responsible for brightening a loop originates in magnetic reconnection. We catalog 301 loops observed in the 48 hr time period beginning with the emergence of AR 11149. The rate at which these loops appear between the two ARs is used to calculate the reconnection rate between them. We then fit these loops with magnetic field, solving for each loop’s field strength, geometry, and twist (via its proxy, coronal α). We find the rate of newly brightened flux overestimates the flux that could be undergoing reconnection. This excess can be explained by our finding that the interconnecting region is not at its lowest energy (constant-α) state; the extrapolations exhibit loop-to-loop variation in α. This flux overestimate may result from the slow emergence of AR 11149, which allows time for Taylor relaxation internal to the domain of the reconnected flux to bring the α distribution toward a single value, providing another mechanism for brightening loops after they are first created.
The Octogenarian Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Hilton Andrew I , Back Diane L , Espag Marius P , Briggs Timothy W R , Cannon Stephen R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Sixty-five patients aged >80 years were compared to 65 patients aged between 60 and 70 years to assess total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcome using the octogenarian postoperative Knee Society knee and function scores.
Knee Society knee scores showed excellent outcomes with no statistically significant difference in the younger cohort (preoperative score, P=.7156; 5-year score, P=.0677). Knee Society function scores also showed good outcomes with no statistically significant difference between the groups (preoperative score, P=.1147; 5-year score, P=A 348). Average length of stay increased by 3 days for octogenarians. Octogenarians had more pre-existing medical conditions and suffered more postoperative confusion. All but 1 patient rated the result as good/excellent. Patients maintained their independence for approximately 3.5 years before requiring more social input.
With careful preoperative planning and counseling, TKA is recommended for the octogenarian.
Histologic and Mechanical Evaluation of Impaction Grafting for Femoral Component Revision in a Goat Model
Authors: Malkani Arthur L , Voor Michael J , Hellman Edward J , Khalily Cyna , Capello William , Wang Mei , Bauer Thomas W , Crawford Charles H 
Published: December 2019

abstract
A goat model of revision hip arthroplasty was used to examine the histology and mechanical performance of impaction grafting using two femoral stems varying in stem surface finish. There were no significant mechanical or qualitative histologic differences between smooth, tapered, polished stems and step-cut, grit-blasted stems. Allograft distribution, bone incorporation, and cement mantle thickness were not uniform within the femoral canal. Efforts to improve the impaction grafting technique may be more important than stem design.
Woody Vegetation Removal Benefits Grassland Birds on Reclaimed Surface Mines
Authors: Lautenbach Joseph M. , Stricker Nathan , Ervin Michael , Hershner Andy , Harris Ryan , Smith Chris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGrassland birds have declined throughout North America. In the midwestern United States, reclaimed surface mines often provide expanses of contiguous grassland that support grassland birds. However, some reclaimed surface mines often experience severe woody vegetation encroachment, typically by invasive trees and shrubs, including black locust Robinia pseudoacacia, autumn olive Elaeagnus umbellata, and bush honeysuckle Lonicera spp. We conducted point-count surveys to investigate the effects of woody canopy cover and response to treatments of woody vegetation on the abundance of birds. Our treatments were a control, an herbicide application, and an herbicide application followed by cutting and shredding of standing dead woody vegetation. Estimated density of eastern meadowlark Sturnella magna, grasshopper sparrow Ammodramus savannarum, and Henslow's sparrow Centronyx henslowii was 670%, 958%, and 200%, respectively, greater on areas treated with herbicide and shredding and 279%, 666%, and 155%, respectively, greater on areas treated with herbicide-only when compared with control sites. When woody canopy cover increased from 0% to 20%, densities of eastern meadowlark, grasshopper sparrow, and Henslow's sparrow decreased by 83.9%, 74.9%, and 50.7%, respectively. Conversely, densities of eastern towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus, prairie warbler Setophaga discolor, yellow-breasted chat Icteria virens, and yellow warbler Setophaga petechia increased 67.4%, 57.0%, 34.6%, and 117.7%, respectively, as estimated woody canopy coverage increased from 20% to 60%. Our results showed treating encroaching woody vegetation on reclaimed surface mines with herbicide and shredding increases available habitat used by grassland birds. Maintaining grasslands on reclaimed surface mines at ≤10% woody canopy coverage would be most beneficial to eastern meadowlarks, grasshopper sparrows, and Henslow's sparrows.
Historicizando o associativismo negro: contribuições e caminhos da historiografia
Authors: Silva Lúcia Helena Oliveira , Xavier Regina Célia Lima 
Published: December 2019

Este texto buscou fazer um breve balanço das pesquisas sobre associativismo negro no período pós-abolição apontando os diversos avanços das pesquisas com especial destaque para o trabalho da historiadora Beatriz para a região sul do país.
Breast Cancer and Lymphedema: A Narrative Review
Authors: Michaelides Athena , Constantinou Constantina 
Published: December 2019

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed worldwide, and the leading cause of cancer death in women. The understanding of disease presentation by patients and health care providers is crucial for a correct diagnosis and management. Preventive measures emphasize risk-reducing behaviors such as a healthy diet, reduced alcohol consumption, increased physical activity, and breastfeeding children. Screening techniques such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI aid in early detection. Following the screening, a breast biopsy is performed, and a histopathological assessment is carried out to confirm a breast cancer diagnosis. In addition to surgery, radiotherapy, and lifestyle modifications, treatment regimens include a range of medications such as anti-hormonal drugs and chemotherapy. Lymphedema is a severe and major long-term consequence of breast cancer treatment. The major contributors to the diminished lymph drainage are a lumpectomy/mastectomy procedure that involves the surgical removal of lymph nodes, and radiotherapy. The fluid accumulation of lymphedema poses physical limitations to the patient and impacts the overall quality of life. A sentinel lymph node biopsy is an essential method of identifying the first draining lymph nodes affected by metastasis. This procedure allows surgeons to later remove only affected lymph nodes, sparing those that are unaffected and hence reduce the risk and magnitude of lymphedema development. Patients who receive education about lymphedema demonstrate higher compliance with treatment and self-care management practices. The purpose of this review is to provide information about breast cancer, the development of lymphedema, and how to recognize and manage both.
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for the X and Y Chromosome Centromeres Helps Differentiate Between Gestational and Nongestational Choriocarcinoma in Clinically Ambiguous Cases
Authors: Whaley Rumeal D. , Dougherty Rachel E. , Cheng Liang , Ulbright Thomas M. 
Published: December 2019

Context.—
Gestational choriocarcinoma usually presents during the reproductive years, typically within 1 year of pregnancy, although presentation remote from pregnancy also occurs and may cause confusion with other tumors, including choriocarcinoma of germ cell origin and somatic carcinomas with choriocarcinomatous differentiation. It is important to separate these tumors for treatment and prognostic reasons.

Objective.—
To assess the utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization for the X and Y chromosome centromeres in determining the gestational origin of clinically ambiguous extrauterine choriocarcinomas in women.

Design.—
A review of female patients with extrauterine choriocarcinomas who had no evidence of prior gestational trophoblastic disease was performed. Samples were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization for the X and Y chromosome centromeres using standard methodologies.

Results.—
Five cases met the criteria, all of which displayed trophoblastic cells and necrosis. Three cases (60%) had Y chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization, which confirmed gestational origin. Although the 2 cases without a Y chromosome would ordinarily require molecular genotyping for paternal genetic material to establish gestational origin, in one of these cases a subsequent recurrence of yolk sac tumor allowed confirmation of its mediastinal origin.

Conclusions.—
Fluorescence in situ hybridization for detection of the X and Y chromosome centromeres is an effective screening test for gestational choriocarcinoma. It provided a definitive diagnosis of metastatic gestational choriocarcinoma in 3 of 5 potential cases that lacked a clinical history of gestational trophoblastic disease. An additional benefit is that more laboratories have the capability to perform fluorescence in situ hybridization than can perform molecular genotyping for definitive diagnosis.
Facile and Scalable Preparation of Ruthenium Oxide‐Based Flexible Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Brousse Kévin , Pinaud Sébastien , Nguyen Son , Fazzini Pier‐Francesco , Makarem Raghda , Josse Claudie , Thimont Yohann , Chaudret Bruno , Taberna Pierre‐Louis , Respaud Marc , Simon Patrice 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTremendous efforts have been invested in the development of the internet of things during the past 10 years. Implantable sensors still need embedded miniaturized energy harvesting devices, since commercialized thin films and microbatteries do not provide sufficient power densities and suffer from limited lifetime. Therefore, micro‐supercapacitors are good candidates to store energy and deliver power pulses while providing non‐constant voltage output with time. However, multistep expensive protocols involving mask aligners and sophisticated cleanrooms are used to prepare these devices. Here, a simple and versatile laser‐writing procedure to integrate flexible micro‐supercapacitors and microbatteries on current‐collector‐free polyimide foils is reported, starting from commercial powders. Ruthenium oxide (RuO2)‐based micro‐supercapacitors are prepared by laser irradiation of a bilayered tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4 · 3H2O)–cellulose acetate/RuO2 film deposited by spin‐coating, which leads to adherent Au/RuO2 electrodes with a unique pillar morphology. The as‐prepared microdevices deliver 27 mF cm−2/540 F cm−3 in 1 m H2SO4 and retain 80% of the initial capacitance after 10 000 cycles. This simple process is applied to make carbon‐based micro‐supercapacitors, as well as metal oxide based pseudocapacitors and battery electrodes, thus offering a straightforward solution to prepare low‐cost flexible microdevices at a large scale.
Strategic Pore Architecture for Accommodating Volume Change from High Si Content in Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Ma Jiyoung , Sung Jaekyung , Lee Yoonkwang , Son Yeonguk , Chae Sujong , Kim Namhyung , Choi Seong‐Hyeon , Cho Jaephil 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo be a thinner and more lightweight lithium‐ion battery with high energy density, the next‐generation anode with high gravimetric and volumetric capacity is a prerequisite. In this regard, utilizing high silicon (3579 mAh g−1) content in the electrode for the anode has been highlighted as a practically relevant approach. However, there still remains a crucial issue related to intrinsic volume expansion (>300%) of silicon upon lithiation, which can directly affect severe electrode swelling as well as accelerate its capacity fading by triggering structural degradation and electrical contact loss between particles. Herein, macropore‐exploited design, which can accommodate the volume change of high silicon content within the extended pore of graphite upon repeated cycling, is introduced. Such unique macropore‐exploited design leads to much less electrode swelling, by preserving its morphological integrity and contact between particles, than that of the comparative group with different sized pore and silicon distribution. As a result, this anode (914 mAh g−1) demonstrates notable gravimetric (220 Wh kg−1 at 6000 W kg−1) and volumetric energy density (623 Wh L−1 upon full lithiation after 100 cycles), exceeding that of a nano‐silicon blended graphite anode (127 Wh kg−1 and 229 Wh L−1) in the full‐cell system.
Essential updates 2018/2019: Colorectal (benign)
Authors: Ogino Takayuki , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Matsuda Chu , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis review outlines current topics on the surgical treatment of benign colorectal diseases, with a focus on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and diverticulitis. Treatment options for IBD and diverticulitis have evolved in the last few years as a result of medical advances in technology and new clinical trials. Therefore, treatment options and strategies need to be updated to provide optimal care for patients. The purpose of this review is to elucidate recent global trends and update the surgical treatment strategy for IBD and diverticulitis based on literature published in the past 2 years. Prevalence of IBD, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, has increased over the last few decades. During this period, many new medical therapies were introduced for the treatment of IBD, including biological therapy, immunomodulators, and leukocyte apheresis therapy. As a result, new surgical strategies for IBD are required. In order to improve surgical outcomes in IBD patients, the influence of preoperative treatment on postoperative complications needs to be considered. The incidence of diverticulitis is also increasing with lifestyle changes and increasing numbers of older people. For diverticulitis with perforation and generalized peritonitis, surgery is the gold standard. Elective surgery after conservative treatment of diverticulitis is also an option because of high recurrence rates. With an increase in diverticulitis, systematic strategies are essential for an appropriate approach to diverticulitis, taking into account various factors, including the patient's background.
Synthetic curli enables efficient microbial electrocatalysis with stainless‐steel electrode
Authors: Suo Di , Fang Zhen , Yu Yang‐Yang , Yong Yang‐Chun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMicrobial electrocatalysis systems (MES) provide a cutting‐edge solution to global problems associated with the environment and energy, but practical applications are hindered by the expensive electrode materials. Although stainless steel (SS) has been proposed as a promising inexpensive candidate, poor cell/SS interaction results in a low performance for MES. Here, a new synthetic biology approach was established for reinforcing the cell/SS interaction. Hybridized curli nanofibers fused with a metal‐binding domain were heterogeneously expressed onto the cell surface, which realized efficient cell binding with the SS electrode. Consequently, it enabled a ~420‐fold improvement of the anodic power output and a substantial enhancement of the cathodic Coulombic efficiency (from 0.6 to 4% to over 80%) with an SS electrode. This work demonstrates low‐cost MES with an SS electrode and introduces a new avenue to engineer the cell/electrode interaction, which is promising for future practical applications of MES.
Long noncoding RNAs in neurodevelopment and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Lyu Ying , Bai Lin , Qin Chuan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules comprising more than 200 nucleotides, which are not translated into proteins. Many studies have shown that lncRNAs are involved in regulating a variety of biological processes, including immune, cancer, stress, development and differentiation at the transcriptional, epigenetic or post‐transcriptional levels. Here, we review the role of lncRNAs in the process of neurodevelopment, neural differentiation, synaptic function, and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). These pathomechanisms include protein misfolding and aggregation, disordered protein degradation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, autophagy, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation. This information will provide the basis of lncRNA‐based disease diagnosis and drug treatment for PD.
Covalent Adaptable Networks with Tunable Exchange Rates Based on Reversible Thiol–yne Cross‐Linking
Authors: Van Herck Niels , Maes Diederick , Unal Kamil , Guerre Marc , Winne Johan M. , Du Prez Filip E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe design of covalent adaptable networks (CANs) relies on the ability to trigger the rearrangement of bonds within a polymer network. Simple activated alkynes are now used as versatile reversible cross‐linkers for thiols. The click‐like thiol–yne cross‐linking reaction readily enables network synthesis from polythiols through a double Michael addition with a reversible and tunable second addition step. The resulting thioacetal cross‐linking moieties are robust but dynamic linkages. A series of different activated alkynes have been synthesized and systematically probed for their ability to produce dynamic thioacetal linkages, both in kinetic studies of small molecule models, as well as in stress relaxation and creep measurements on thiol–yne‐based CANs. The results are further rationalized by DFT calculations, showing that the bond exchange rates can be significantly influenced by the choice of the activated alkyne cross‐linker.
Non‐natural Cofactor and Formate‐Driven Reductive Carboxylation of Pyruvate
Authors: Guo Xiaojia , Liu Yuxue , Wang Qian , Wang Xueying , Li Qing , Liu Wujun , Zhao Zongbao K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA non‐natural cofactor and formate driven system for reductive carboxylation of pyruvate is presented. A formate dehydrogenase (FDH) mutant, FDH*, that favors a non‐natural redox cofactor, nicotinamide cytosine dinucleotide (NCD), for generation of a dedicated reducing equivalent at the expense of formate were acquired. By coupling FDH* and NCD‐dependent malic enzyme (ME*), the successful utilization of formate is demonstrated as both CO2 source and electron donor for reductive carboxylation of pyruvate with a perfect stoichiometry between formate and malate. When 13C‐isotope‐labeled formate was used in in vitro trials, up to 53 % of malate had labeled carbon atom. Upon expression of FDH* and ME* in the model host E. coli, the engineered strain produced more malate in the presence of formate and NCD. This work provides an alternative and atom‐economic strategy for CO2 fixation where formate is used in lieu of CO2 and offers dedicated reducing power.