bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 in older adults: Retrospective cohort study in a tertiary hospital in Japan
Authors: Sano Tomoya , Kimizuka Yoshifumi , Fujikura Yuji , Hisada Tetsuya , Watanabe Chie , Suematsu Ryohei , Izumi Kaori , Sugiura Hiroaki , Miyata Jun , Shinmoto Hiroshi , Nagata Masayoshi , Kawana Akihiko 
Published: September 2020

AimWe aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia, in particular older patients, admitted to tertiary and partner hospitals in Saitama, Japan.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia admitted to tertiary and partner hospitals in Saitama, Japan. Twenty‐six patients with COVID‐19 were categorized into two groups, i.e., older (≥75 years) and younger adults (≤74 years). We evaluated the clinical characteristics, comorbidities, symptoms, laboratory test results, treatments and outcomes of the patients.ResultsThe majority of the older patients had comorbidities, such as dementia, cardiovascular disease and bone fractures. Comorbidities were significantly more frequent in older patients than younger patients. No association was found between age and body temperature or the incidence of respiratory failure. White blood cell count was significantly lower in older patients (P = 0.018) and the decrease in lymphocytes was greater in younger patients (P = 0.009). Computed tomography (CT) of all patients showed non‐segmental, peripherally dominant ground‐glass opacities consistent with COVID‐19 pneumonia. In older patients, antiviral drugs, anticoagulants and anti‐inflammatory drugs were administered on a compassionate use basis. The difference in mortality between the older and the younger patients was not statistically significant.ConclusionsIn older patients, typical clinical symptoms and blood test changes were often absent; however, CT always contained typical findings of COVID‐19, suggesting that CT may be a useful diagnostic tool. Our report illustrates that appropriate treatment, taking patient background into consideration, may improve their condition regardless of age. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 1044–1049.
Maneuvering within postfeminism: A study of gender equality practitioners in Danish academia
Authors: Utoft Ea Høg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn Denmark, gender equality in academia has seen limited progress during the past 30 years. To improve our understanding of this persistent problem, this article examines gender equality practitioners in relation to the wider discursive context of Danish society. Theorizing Denmark as a “postfeminist gender regime,” I analyze how practitioners negotiate a space for action in a context which generally opposes gender equality initiatives. I introduce the notion of “maneuvering” as a way to understand this negotiation between hegemonic, postfeminist discourses, on the one hand, and marginal and potentially subversive discourses on the other. Practitioners may maneuver in how they understand inequality and potential solutions, and in the meetings between them, their work and the postfeminist gender regime. Successful maneuvering enables the use of more radical change strategies than postfeminism otherwise allows. Practitioners' ability to maneuver rests on their critical reflexivity, which in turn is conditioned by their knowledge of gender and power dynamics. The study thus points to the centrality of selecting highly qualified individuals as gender equality practitioners.
Assessment of mechanical and microstructural properties of geopolymers produced from metakaolin, silica fume, and red mud
Authors: Mendes Beatryz , Andrade Igor Klaus , de Carvalho José Maria , Pedroti Leonardo , de Oliveira Júnior André 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGeopolymers have been studied as viable alternative to traditional Portland cement‐based products, given the use of industrial by‐products as raw materials. This work evaluated the mechanical and microstructural properties of geopolymeric mortars produced with sodium hydroxide solution, metakaolin, silica fume, and red mud. The mixtures were produced by means of dosages with different molar ratios and curing conditions. The raw materials were characterized by granulometry, chemical, mineralogical, and thermal analysis. The characterization of mortars was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and axial compressive strength tests. The precalcination at 850°C of the red mud was sufficient to make it more reactive and suitable for use in geopolymers. Noteworthy, the best mechanical strengths of metakaolin mortars for curing at 50°C, and with the lowest SiO2/Al2O3 ratios. In the mortars with incorporated red mud, there was a decrease of strength at thermal curing conditions and with the increase of residue content, whose microstructure indicates the formation of more pores in the geopolymer matrix. The thermal curing promoted the formation of sodalite crystals, and the significant presence of Na particles on the surface suggests that part of the added NaOH did not react with the precursors.
Kernel partial least squares model for pectin content in peach using near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Bao Yao , Liu Jianliang , Zhong Yuming , Chen Yumin , Zhai Dequan , Wang Qing , Brennan Charles Stephen , Liu Huifan 
Published: September 2020

SummaryPectin is a class of complex galacturonic acid‐rich polysaccharides that are related to the texture of fruit and vegetables. The objective of this study was to develop, using near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, the best model for the determination of pectin content in peach fruit. A total of 100 samples divided into lossy and lossless samples were used to collect NIR raw spectra in the range of 1000–2500 nm. NIR absorption spectra were then obtained after pre‐processing. Finally, four methods were used to establish lossy and lossless spectral models. The 10‐fold cross‐validation coefficient of determination R2 of the lossy model was between 0.364 and 0.628, whereas that of the lossless model was between 0.187 and 0.288, indicating that the lossy model was better than the lossless model. Among all samples, the kernel partial least squares (KPLS) lossy model was better, with coefficient of determination R2 = 0.628, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.069 and mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.061. This is the first study to evaluate the prediction of peach pectin content using NIR spectroscopy, and the model can be used for rough screening.
Understanding the Followers of Toxic Leaders: Toxic Illusio and Personal Uncertainty
Authors: Mergen Aybike , Ozbilgin Mustafa F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractToxic leaders are one of the main threats to the wellbeing of people in the workplace and in society in general, and followers play a critical role in constructing and maintaining toxic leaders. In this narrative review, we draw on Bourdieu's concept of illusio and incorporate it with the social and cognitive psychology approaches in an attempt to frame the dynamic system that sustains toxic leadership through continued support of the followers. More specifically, as we introduce the illusio perspective in a process‐relational context to the toxic leadership discussion, we (i) address the allure of toxic leaders as an incentive for followers to join the toxic illusio as a way to cope with their high personal uncertainty and (ii) illustrate the mechanisms and processes that motivate followers of toxic leaders to remain in the toxic illusio once they join. In this context, we also briefly discuss and differentiate between the ethical and moral dimensions of toxic leadership.
Association between socioeconomic status and joint replacement of the hip and knee: a population‐based cohort study of older adults in Tasmania
Authors: Munugoda Ishanka P. , Brennan‐Olsen Sharon L. , Wills Karen , Cai Guoqi , Graves Stephen E. , Lorimer Michelle , Cicuttini Flavia M. , Callisaya Michele L. , Aitken Dawn , Jones Graeme 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundA socioeconomic gradient exists in the utilisation of total hip replacements (THR) and total knee replacements (TKR) for osteoarthritis. However, the relations between socioeconomic status (SES) and time to THR or TKR is unknown.AimTo describe the association between SES and time to THR and TKR.MethodsOne thousand and seventy‐two older adults residing in Tasmania, Australia, were studied. Incident primary THR and TKR were determined by data linkage to the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. At baseline, each participant's area‐level SES was determined using the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Advantage and Disadvantage (IRSAD) from the Australian Bureau of Statistics' 2001 census data. The IRSAD was analysed in two ways: (i) categorised into quartiles, whereby quartile 1 represented the most socioeconomically disadvantaged group; and (ii) the cohort dichotomised at the quartile 1 cut‐point.ResultsThe mean age was 63.0 (±7.5) years and 51% were women. Over the median follow up of 12.9 (interquartile range: 12.2–13.9) years, 56 (5%) participants had a THR and 79 (7%) had a TKR. Compared with the most disadvantaged quartile, less disadvantaged participants were less likely to have a THR (i.e. less disadvantaged participants had a longer time to THR; hazard ratio (HR): 0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32, 1.00) but not TKR (HR: 0.90; 95% CI 0.53, 1.54). However, the former became non‐significant after adjustment for pain and radiographic osteoarthritis, suggesting that the associations may be mediated by these factors.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that time to joint replacement was determined according to the symptoms/need of the participants rather than their SES.
No effect of sleeved arms on the accuracy of blood pressure measurement
Authors: Li Ya , Li Yi , Li Fang , Liu Demin , Zhang Yanan , Cui Xiaoran , Cui Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is recommended that blood pressure should be measured on a bare upper arm with an appropriately sized cuff. However, in practice, it is more convenient to measure blood pressure on sleeved arms.AimsWe aim to examine the effect of sleeved arms on the accuracy of blood pressure measurement.MethodsPatients aged 18 years or older were enrolled. Participants underwent three blood pressure measurements in each of the following sleeve conditions in random order (bare arm; arm covered with a single‐layer cotton shirt sleeve,1 mm; arm covered with two layers sleeve containing a cotton shirt and a polar fabric sweater, 3 mm; arm covered with two layers sleeve containing a cotton shirt and a thick cardigan, 4 mm).ResultsOf the 300 participants, 155 (52%) were men. The mean age was 62.9 (10.7) years, and 226 (75%) had hypertension. There were no significant differences in either systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure among the four kinds of sleeve conditions in all the participants (P > 0.5), and the mean blood pressure differences between measurements made on the sleeved arms and bare arm were within 1.0 mmHg. Blood pressure of sleeved arms was positively correlated with that of the bare arm (P < 0.001; r > 0.95), and showed good consistency.ConclusionsIn the present study, we concluded that there was no significant effect of sleeved arms on the accuracy of blood pressure measurement by using an electronic oscillometric sphygmomanometer equipped with a conventional cuff.
Ways of coping mediate the relationship between self‐efficacy for managing HIV and acceptance of illness among people living with HIV
Authors: Xiao Xueling , Chen Chen , Gao Chang , Wang Honghong , Reynolds Nancy R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self‐efficacy for managing HIV and acceptance of illness and to identify the potential mediation effect of active coping and passive coping on this relationship.DesignThe study used a cross‐sectional survey.MethodsA sample of 555 people living with HIV were recruited from September–December 2018 in the HIV clinic of a tertiary general hospital in Changsha, China. Survey data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews that included measures of sociodemographic and HIV‐related clinical characteristics, Acceptance of Illness Scale, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and the Self‐efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Scale. Step‐by‐step linear regression models combined with bootstrap testing were used to test the relationships when controlling for gender and HIV diagnosis duration.ResultsSelf‐efficacy was positively related to acceptance of illness and this relationship was partially mediated by both active coping and passive coping. Acceptance of illness increased by 0.175 for every point increase in self‐efficacy indirectly through active coping, while acceptance of illness decreased by 0.034 for every point increase in self‐efficacy via passive coping.ConclusionThe findings highlighted the importance of self‐efficacy for managing HIV and ways of coping, especially active coping, for illness acceptance.ImpactThe findings suggested that interventions that improve confidence in managing HIV and active coping may enhance the illness acceptance of people living with HIV.
Registered Nurses' experiences of using a clinical decision support system for triage of emergency calls: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Holmström Inger K. , Kaminsky Elenor , Lindberg Ylva , Spangler Douglas , Winblad Ulrika 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo describe how Registered Nurses make use of a Clinical Decision Support System to triage calls to emergency medical dispatch centres, from the perspective of professional autonomy.DesignThe study had a descriptive design with a qualitative inductive approach.MethodsInterviews were done with 24 Registered Nurses during 2018–2019. Thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsFive themes and 16 subthemes were established: (a) Using the CDSS as a general support to professional competence in emergency calls, including subthemes: Support for professional competence, an aid to reflection, a compulsory support; (b) A specific support useful in difficult situations and calls, with subthemes: RN being tired or stressed out; vague and unclear symptoms, rare situations, aggressive and agitated callers; (c) Using the CDSS but changing triage recommendations/priority, including subthemes: Recommending a higher priority than the CDSS and recommending a lower priority than the CDSS; (d) Development areas for better use of the CDSS in collaboration with other services, with subthemes: Request for common documentation system with ambulances and closer collaboration with the national telephone nursing helpline; and (e) Possible technical development areas in the CDSS for optimal use, including subthemes: image transfer, medical records, development of certain areas in the CDSS, update of maps, a need for more knowledge.ConclusionThe CDSS was not perceived as a restriction on professional autonomy. It was particularly useful in rare situations. Technical improvements as well as education and training should be done in close collaboration with registered nurses.ImpactThe study contributes with knowledge about how registered nurses triaging emergency calls use a decision support system. The system was a support for professional competence and did not seem to restrict them. The findings could be useful for clinicians and researchers in development of telephone triage and decision support systems.
Cold‐induced beigeing of stem cell‐derived adipocytes is not fully reversible after return to normothermia
Authors: Lugo Leija Hilda Anaid , Velickovic Ksenija , Bloor Ian , Sacks Harold , Symonds Michael E. , Sottile Virginie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBeige adipocytes possess the morphological and biochemical characteristics of brown adipocytes, including the mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP)1. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are somatic multipotent progenitors which differentiate into lipid‐laden adipocytes. Induction of MSC adipogenesis under hypothermic culture conditions (ie 32°C) promotes the appearance of a beige adipogenic phenotype, but the stability of this phenotypic switch after cells are returned to normothermic conditions of 37°C has not been fully examined. Here, cells transferred from 32°C to 37°C retained their multilocular beige‐like morphology and exhibited an intermediate gene expression profile, with both beige‐like and white adipocyte characteristics while maintaining UCP1 protein expression. Metabolic profile analysis indicated that the bioenergetic status of cells initially differentiated at 32°C adapted post‐transfer to 37°C, showing an increase in mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. The ability of the transferred cells to respond under stress conditions (eg carbonyl cyanide‐4‐phenylhydrazone (FCCP) treatment) demonstrated higher functional capacity of enzymes involved in the electron transport chain and capability to supply substrate to the mitochondria. Overall, MSC‐derived adipocytes incubated at 32°C were able to remain metabolically active and retain brown‐like features after 3 weeks of acclimatization at 37°C, indicating these phenotypic characteristics acquired in response to environmental conditions are not fully reversible.
Altered frequency of peripheral B‐cell subsets and their correlation with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A comprehensive analysis
Authors: Peng Yanxia , Guo Fengbiao , Liao Shuzhen , Liao Huanjin , Xiao Haiyan , Yang Lawei , Liu Hua‐feng , Pan Qingjun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlternations of peripheral B‐cell subsets are closely related to disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and may also predict the relapse of SLE. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively analyse the frequency of peripheral B‐cell subsets, and their correlation with disease activity in patients with SLE. The results showed that for B‐cell subsets in the antigen‐independent differentiation stage, the frequency of the peripheral hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) subset in all patients with SLE was significantly higher than that of control patients. Surprisingly, several significant correlations were noted in newly diagnosed patients with SLE including a positive correlation in the frequency of the common lymphoid progenitor cell (CLP) with cholesterol serum levels. For B‐cell subsets in the antigen‐dependent differentiation stage, the frequency of naïve B‐cell (N‐B) subsets in all patients with SLE was significantly higher than that in the control patients. Moreover, the frequency of plasmablasts positively correlated with the SLEDAI score in the newly diagnosed patients. For memory B‐cell (M‐B) subtypes in the antigen‐dependent differentiation stage, the frequency of the class‐switched memory B‐cell (CSM‐B) subsets was positively correlated with the serum levels of complement C3. Notably, the frequency of the CSM‐B subset also negatively correlated with the SLEDAI score, whereas the non–class‐switched memory B‐cell (NSM‐B) subset was positively correlated with the serum levels of haemoglobin. Collectively, these findings may contribute to a better understanding of the role played by different B‐cell subsets in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Social and psychosocial effects on atopic eczema symptom severity – a scoping review of observational studies published from 1989 to 2019
Authors: Zeiser K. , Hammel G. , Kirchberger I. , Traidl‐Hoffmann C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSocial and psychosocial factors are thought to have an effect on the course of atopic eczema. The aim of this scoping review was to search for and summarize observational studies that investigated the effects of (psycho‐)social factors on symptoms in atopic eczema and to identify research gaps. We searched PubMed and PsycINFO for literature published between 1 January 1989 and 31 December 2019 using a systematic search strategy. We included observational studies that analysed the effect of (psycho‐)social factors on symptom severity in atopic eczema patients. Reviews and non‐observational studies, articles with research on animals, and articles with languages other than English or German were excluded. We identified 17 observational studies that met the inclusion criteria. Several studies found significant results for an exacerbating effect of stress on atopic eczema severity. Although coping and social support does not seem to moderate the effect of stress, coping strategies might mediate the impact that stress has on symptoms. Depression is associated with atopic eczema severity. The effect of depression as a consequence of atopic eczema severity is stronger than the effect as an exacerbating factor. Illness identity, anger, frustration and psychosomatic states have been found to affect atopic eczema symptoms. For attachment security, anxiety and social status, contradictory results were found. Statistically non‐significant results were reported for personality, being in a partnership, satisfaction with the partnership, childhood experiences and body consciousness. Only the association between psychosocial stress and atopic eczema symptom severity seems robust. To date, other (psycho‐)social factors, especially protective and health‐promoting factors, were analysed only in a few studies, mostly with low sample sizes and cross‐sectional design. Biopsychosocial interactions between stress, protective factors and the course of atopic eczema as well as the psycho‐neuroimmunological mechanisms underlying those interactions are considered fields for future research contributions.
Genodermatoses with itch as a prominent feature
Authors: Fourzali K. , Yosipovitch G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA number of inherited conditions cause chronic itch as a part of the recognized phenotype. Advances in the understanding of the genetic factors that cause these diseases elucidate the molecular underpinning of itch as a symptom. Our knowledge of the causes of chronic itch has also advanced, providing an opportunity to integrate the genetic pathophysiology with the molecular landscape of chronic itch mediators. This article reviews select genodermatoses that have itch as a predominant feature with a focus on the pathophysiology of the disease, how it may lead to itch and potential therapeutic targets.
A rapid detection method of early spore viability based on AC impedance measurement
Authors: Yang Ning , Hu Jiaqi , Zhou Xu , Wang Aiying , Yu Junjie , Tao Xinyi , Tang Jian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRice blast is a destructive disease of rice; it is difficult to detect the pathogenic spore viability in early stage. In this paper, a rapid detection method is proposed; the impedance‐viability model of spores was established by measuring the viability of early rice blast spores and the AC impedance at the most sensitive frequencies. This model is a nice linear model, and the goodness of fit R2 is greater than 0.99. At the same time, there is a positive correlation between the spore impedance‐viability model and the hyphae impedance‐growth speed model measured in practice. The p value is less than 0.05, and the Pearson coefficient is close to 1, which proves the feasibility of this method to detect spore viability. Compared with the traditional experimental culture method, the detection speed of spore viability based on impedance method is greatly improved, which brings convenience for the study of rice blast.Practical ApplicationsThe viability of spores is one of the most important indexes to show the degree of rice blast. The early spores of the rice blast look similarly, which makes it hard for the naked eye to distinguish the viability, and makes it difficult for farmers to decide whether to use pesticides in the rice field. The traditional method for the detection of spore viability of rice blast is complicated and needs a long time. In recent years, the method of microbial impedance is put forward, which can provide the information of microbial AC impedance, and has the advantages of fast and nondestructive. The results showed that it is feasible to detect spore viability by impedance technique.