bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stoichiometric Determination of Hydroperoxides in Oils by Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Dong Jun , Kangming Ma , Van De Voort Frederick R , Ismail Ashraf A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopic method was developed for quantitative determination of the peroxide values (PVs) of edible oils. The method is based on the stoichiometric reaction of triphenylphosphine (TPP) with hydroperoxides to produce triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO). Calibration standards were prepared by adding randomized amounts of TPPO and TPP to peroxide-free high-erucic-acid rapeseed (HEAR) to produce a calibration matrix spanning the concentrations of TPPO and residual TPP in oils having PVs in the range 0-100 after complete reaction of the hydroperoxides with added TPP. A partial-least-squares (PLS) calibration model for predicting PV was developed by using the NIR spectral region from 4710 to 4540 cm-1, where TPP and TPPO both absorb. The resulting PLS calibration was linear, the cross-validation having a standard deviation (SD) of 1.36 PV over the analytical range. The method was validated by comparing the PLS-predicted PVs of oils spiked with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and those of naturally oxidized HEAR oils with the results obtained by using the American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS) iodometric procedure. The FT-NIR PV method correlated very well (SD = 1.20) with the reference AOCS method for TBHP-spiked oil samples. Similar results were obtained for naturally oxidized HEAR oil, with a standard deviation of the difference for reproducibility of ±1.11 PV for both methods. The analysis consists of adding about 0.04 mL TPP stock solution to 1 g oil, shaking, recording the spectrum, and using the PLS calibration to predict PV. Because of its simple and rapid stoichiometric reaction and its excellent correspondence to the iodometric method, the FT-NIR method provides a simple and alternative means of measuring PV. The FT-NIR method avoids the solvent and reagent disposal problems associated with the AOCS method and can be readily auto mated by appropriate programming of the FTIR spectrometer. Thus, it provides a simple and rapid analytical technique for determining PVs of fats and oils.
Enzyme Immunoassay for Direct Determination of Microcystins in Environmental Water
Authors: Nagata Satoshi , Tsutsumi Tomoaki , Hasegawa Akihiro , Yoshida Fuyuko , Ueno Yoshio , Watanabe Mariyo F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for direct quantitation of microcys- tins (MCs), a group of freshwater cyanobacterial toxins. An anti-MC monoclonal antibody exhibiting broad cross-reactivity to major MC derivatives was used. The detection limit and linear range of the ELISA standard curve with microcystin-(leucine-ar-ginine) (MCLR), a variant of MCs, were 20 and 20–500 pg/mL, respectively. For analysis of MC released from cyanobacterial cells, water sample filtered through a glass fiber filter was applied directly to ELISA. For analysis of total MC (released MC plus intracellular MC), intracellular toxin was extracted by freeze-thawing twice before filtration. Mean recovery of MCLR added to tap water and toxin-free environmental water was 101%, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 7.3% at toxin levels of 20–500 pg/mL. Mean recovery of MCLR added to toxin-free cyanobacterial extracts was 93%, with a CV of 12.5% at toxin levels of 50–500 pg/mL. At 20 pg/mL, an increasing matrix effect on assay variance was observed; therefore, both released MC and total MC were measured in the range 50–500 pg/ mL. Comparative studies with a liquid chromatographic (LC) method showed that the ELISA gives a reliable correlation with LC for analysis of MC in water extracts of natural blooms and cultured cyanobacterial cells (r = 0.98). The ELISA was applied to water samples collected from lakes and ponds in Japan. In 4 of 13 and 12 of 17 samples, 81–800 pg released MC/mL and 64–94 000 pg total MC/mL were detected, respectively. By LC separation followed by the ELISA analysis, the presence of MCLR, microcystin-arginine-arginine, and micro-cystin-tyrosine-arginine were confirmed in 4 ELISA-positive samples selected randomly. The newly developed ELISA is a reliable and powerful method for mass monitoring of MC levels in environmental water.
Determination of Selenium in Feeds and Premixes: Collaborative Study
Authors: Palmer Ivan S , Thiex Nancy ,   Collaborators:, Allen R , Alley E , Anderson N , Bell J , Carpenter N , Cunningham W , Deuschle L , Kane P , Marts R , Rottinghaus G , Rutta S , Torma L , Vindiola A , Wenger J , Whanger P , Williams A , Wo C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A total of 17 laboratories participated in a collaborative study for the determination of selenium in feeds and premixes using either a fluorometric or a continuous hydride generation atomic absorption (HGAA) method. Each collaborator analyzed 16 blind duplicate samples of feed and premixes from various feed manufacturers. The amount of Se in these materials ranged from 0.2 to 5500 μg/g. Six laboratories used only the fluorometric procedure, 8 laboratories used only the hydride generation atomic absorption procedure, and 3 laboratories used both procedures. One laboratory in the fluorometric study and 3 laboratories in the HGAA study were initially excluded because of invalid data. Poor agreement between the blind duplicates indicated probable sample interchange and/or dilution error. The data from 8 laboratories were submitted to statistical analysis, including data from 2 laboratories participating in both studies. The repeatability standard deviation (RSDr) for samples analyzed by the fluorometric procedure ranged from 5.9 to 33%, and the reproducibility standard deviation (RSDR) ranged from 12 to 33%. RSDf for samples analyzed by HGAA ranged from 2.8 to 18%, and RSDR ranged from 4.0 to 36%. Both fluorometric and continuous hydride generation atomic absorption methods for the determination of Se in feeds and premixes have been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of the Glycoalkaloids α-Solanine and α-Chaconine in Potato Tubers: NMKL Interlaboratory Study
Authors: Hellenás Karl-Erik , Branzell Carina ,   Collaborators:, Poutanen H , Suortti T , Kaario R , Gjerstad K O , Brekke T , Jensen A M , Larsen K , Knuthsen P , Halén B , Olsson K , Ingólfsdóttir; I K , Pittet A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Twelve laboratories participated in a collaborative study to evaluate precision parameters of a liquid chromatographic method for analysis of the glycoalkaloids α-solanine and α-chaconine in potato tubers. Samples consisted of frozen potato tuber homogenates distributed as 3 blind duplicates and 3 split-level pairs. The analytical method included aqueous extraction, workup on disposable solidphase extraction cartridges, and reversed-phase chromatography with photometric detection at 202 nm. Results for α-solanine and α-chaconine were received from 10 and 9 laboratories, respectively. Relative standard deviations for reproducibilo ity for α-solanine and α-chaconine were similar, ranging from 8 to 13% in the applied concentration range of 12 to 260 mg/kg fresh weight.
Certification of Nutrients in Standard Reference Material 1846: Infant Formula
Authors: Sharpless Katherine E , Schiller Susannah B , Margolis Sam A , Thomas Jeanice Brown , Iyengar G Venkatesh , Colbert Jennifer C , Gills Thomas E , Wise Stephen A , Tanner James T , Wolf Wayne R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In 1996, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released Standard Reference Material 1846 (Infant Formula), which can be used as a control material for assigning values to in-house control materials and for validating analytical methods for measurement of proximates, vitamins, and minerals in infant formula and similar matrixes. The SRM was manufactured by preparing a spray-dried formula base containing fat, protein, carbohydrates, and minerals and then combining that formula base with a dry-blend vitamin premix that supplied the vitamins. The Certificate of Analysis for SRM 1846 provides assigned values for concentrations of proximates (fat, protein, etc.), vitamins, and minerals for which product labeling is required by the Infant Formula Act of 1980 and by the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990. These assigned values were based on agreement of measurements by NIST and/or collaborating laboratories. Certified values are provided for vitamins A (trans), E, C, B2, and Be and niacin. Noncertified values are provided for solids, ash, fat, nitrogen, protein, carbohydrate, calories, vitamin D, δ-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, vitamin Bi, vitamin B12, folic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin, choline, inositol, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, sodium, potassium, and chloride. Information values are provided for iodine, manganese, selenium, and vitamin K.
Microwave Digestion for Determination of Aluminum, Boron, and 13 Other Elements in Plants by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Authors: Sun Da-Hai , Waters James K , Mawhtnney Thomas P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A microwave digestion procedure was developed for determining aluminum and boron and 13 other elements in plant tissues by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The sample (0.5 g) was digested in a closed Teflon vessel with 10 mL concentrated nitric acid and 3 mL hydrofluoric acid, and further digested in an open Teflon vessel with 5 mL hydrogen peroxide. Excess hydrofluoric acid was eliminated by adding 0.2 g silicon (IV) oxide. Four National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference materials (apple leaves, peach leaves, tomato leaves, and pine needles) were analyzed to test the reliability of the method. The excellent recoveries indicate that the proposed procedure is simple and effective for determination of Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn in plants.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Monensin in Premix and Animal Feeds: Collaborative Study
Authors: Coleman Mark R , Moran John W , Mowrey Daniel H ,   Collaborators:, Antalick J P , Bark D J , Bridges D A , Britton N L , Campbell H M , Cardenas J , Johannsen F H , Reeves V B , Siirila A , Smallidge R L , Wetzler L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An interlaboratory study of a liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining monensin in premix (60–80 g/lb or 132–5176 mg/g) and animal feeds (5–200 g/ton or 0.0055–0.22 mg/g) was conducted in laboratoriesin the United States, Canada, France, and Germany. The LC system used a reversed- phase column, postcolumn derivatization with vanillin, and UV detection. The method separates monensin from other ionophores such as narasin and salinomycin. Each laboratory analyzed a total of 20 samples of premix, liquid feed supplements, poultry, and cattle feeds. Concentrations of monensin in all samples ranged from 0 to 176 mg/g (80 g/lb). Reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) for premix ranged from 2.8 to 3.4%. For feed samples containing monensin, repeatability standard deviation (Sr) ranged from 0.9 to 7.0. Reproducibility standard deviation (SR) ranged from 1.2 to 11. Repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) ranged from 6.1 to 21% and RSDR valuesranged from 8.6 to 25%. Sample preparation for the LC method is less labor intensive than that for the microbiological assays. The LC assay is more efficient than the microbiological assays. This LC method for determination of monensin in premix and animal feeds has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
Determination of Ethoxyquin in Feeds by Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study
Authors: Schreier Curtis J , Greene Robert J ,   Collaborators:, Bhandari S , Britton N , Greene B , Grimm D , Hannah K , Hwang Y , Jeffress D , Kegley M , Mawhinney T , McGill B , Oehrl L , Schulze C , Smallidge R , Vincent D , Wallace M , Willis D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Ethoxyquin is a chemical antioxidant used in feeds, ingredients, fats, and oils. A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determination of ethoxyquin was developed. The method involves acetonitrile extraction of the sample and isocratic Cis reversed-phase chromatography with ammonium acetate buffer-acetonitrile as mobile phase and fluorescence detection. A collaborative study of the determination of ethoxyquin in various meals and extruded pet foods was conducted by The lams Company Research Laboratory. Eleven laboratories analyzed 16 samples (including 2 blind duplicates) consisting of 7 meat meals and 9 extruded pet foods. Sample means ranged from 0.25 to 289 ppm. Repeatability standard deviations ranged from 0.08 to 3.2 ppm, and repeatability relative standard deviations ranged from 4.5 to 32%. Reproducibility standard deviations ranged from 0.12 to 13 ppm, and reproducibility relative standard deviations ranged from 4.5 to 55%. The LC method for determination of ethoxyquin in feeds has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
Comparison of the Petrifilm Dry Rehydratable Film and Conventional Culture Methods for Enumeration of Yeasts and Molds in Foods: Collaborative Study
Authors: Knight Michael T , Newman Melissa C , Benzinger M Joseph , Neufang Karen L , Agin James R , McAllister J Sue , Ramos Mary ,   Collaborators:, Carter M , Duran B , Hagan K , Hansen R , Rudolph C , Quinley S , Updaw A , Neufang K , Brook L , Lucia L , Koeritzer B , Tomer J , Smith T , Brown D , Lobo C , Tobin P , O’Brien-Gammon L , Boleszcczuk P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was performed involving 18 laboratories and 6 food types to compare 3M Petrifilm yeast and mold count plates with the method described in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Bacteriological Analytical Manual. Four species of mold and 2 species of yeast were used to inoculate the following foods: hot dogs, corn meal, ketchup, orange juice, yogurt, and cake mix. Each collaborator received 15 samples of each food type: 5 low-level inoculations, 5 high- level inoculations, and 5 uninoculated samples. There was no significant difference between the means of the 2 methods for any product or inoculation level. The Petrifilm yeast and mold count plate method for enumeration of yeasts and molds in foods has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
Development and Validation of a Quantitative Method for Determination of Carmine (E120) in Foodstuffs by Liquid Chromatography: NMKL Collaborative Study
Authors: Merino Leonardo , Edberg Ulla , Tidriks Hakan ,   Collaborators:, Berndtsson I , Blomberg K , Gustavsen S , Hestdal M , Jensen A , Knuthsen P , Larsen K , Moe K , Nordbotten A , Warne N , Olsen O , Sinervo T , Thim A M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
ThimA liquid chromatographic method for quantitative determination of carmine (E120) in different foodstuffs is described. Qualitative and semiquantita- tive methods for analysis of carmine and other related dyes are well established. However, quantitative methods available are based mainly on enzymatic reactions that are time-consuming or specific for analysis of carminic acid in yoghurt. In the method developed and validated here, carminic acid is extracted by boiling the sample with HCI, purified on a solid-phase extraction cartridge, and injected on a Cis analytical column. The method was evaluated by an internal analytical quality control and a collaborative study in which 11 laboratories from the Nordic countries participated. The food samples analyzed were fruit jelly, liqueur, juice, yoghurt, and ice cream. Materials were distributed to participants as uniform level and split level. Validation showed that the proposed method is well suited for quantitative determination of carmine. The detection limit is 0.1 mg/L. The mean relative standard deviation for reproducibility varies from 7.9 to 11.7%. The proposed method is simple and relatively fast compared with previously published methods.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Tilmicosin in Swine Feed at 200–400 mg/kg Level: Interlaboratory Study
Authors: Readnour Robin S , Coleman Mark R , Leadbetter Mary G ,   Collaborators:, Armstrong F , Campbell H , Cleveland C , Dixon S , Massom L , Nandihalli U , Pritts K , Smallidge R , Steed M , Wallace M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An analytical method for the determination of tilmicosin at 200–400 mg/kg, the intended use concentration range, was evaluated in an interlaboratory study involving 5 laboratories, including the sponsor. The interlaboratory study evaluated the intra- and interlaboratory precision and accuracy of a tilmicosin feed method. The method procedure involved extracting tilmicosin from feed by adding 200 mL extractant to 20 g feed and shaking for 1 h. The extract is filtered and analyzed by gradient liquid chromatography which separates tilmicosin from feed matrix in 30 min. Each laboratory assayed 5 replicates of fortified feed at concentrations of 0,100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg. The mean recovery among fortified samples ranged from 81.4 to 98.8%, with a percent coefficient of variation (%CV) ranging from 0.3 to 4.0%. For all blank control feed samples no significant interferences were observed. In addition, each laboratory assayed 5 replicates of medicated feed samples prepared at 2 levels (200 and 400 mg/kg) with either a horizontal or vertical mixer. Along with the medicated feed samples were included 5 replicates of a blank control feed. The identities of the medicated and blank control feed samples were blinded to the analysts. The results for the medicated feed samples ranged from 95.8 to 106% of label claim, with a %CV ranging from 2.1 to 6.7%.
Bacterial Inhibition Tests Used To Screen for Antimicrobial Veterinary Drug Residues in Slaughtered Animals
Authors: Korsrud Gary O , Boison Joe O , Nouws Jacques F M , Macneil James D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Bacterial inhibition tests used to screen milk, tissues, blood, and urine for antimicrobial veterinary drug residues must be high volume, quick, rugged, inexpensive, and sensitive. Bacterial inhibition tests—such as the Swab Test on Premises (STOP), the Calf Antibiotic and Sulfa Test (CAST), the Fast Antibiotic Screen Test (FAST), the Charm Farm Test (CFT), the Antimicrobial Inhibition Monitor 96 (AIM-96) assay, the German Three Plate Test, the European Union Four Plate Test and the New Dutch Kidney Test—have been used to screen tissues for antimicrobial activity. The CFT and the Brilliant Black Reduction Test (BBRT) also have been used to screen plasma. The Live Animal Swab Test (LAST) was developed to screen urine. This review examines the use and limitations of these screening tests for regulatory control and avoidance of veterinary drug residues in meat. The ideal bacterial inhibition test for screening antimicrobial residues in slaughtered animals does not exist. Each of the current and potential tests has limitations.
Evaluation of the European Four-Plate Test as a Tool for Screening Antibiotic Residues in Meat Samples from Retail Outlets
Authors: Okerman Lieve , Hoof Jan van , Debeuckelaere Wim 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A modified 4-plate test was used to screen 4795 meat samples from retail outlets in the European Community (EC). This microbial inhibition test uses 3 media seeded with Bacillus subtilis at different pH values (6, 7.2, or 8) and a fourth medium seeded with Micrococcus luteus. Positive samples were confirmed by a receptor test for macrolides, a thin-layer chromatographic method for sulfonamides, or an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test for tetracyclines. Inhibition on M. luteus plates, often by beef and veal samples, could not be confirmed. Circumstantial evidence indicated these test results had to be considered presumptively false positives. Of the samples, 95 inhibited at least one plate seeded with B. subtilis. Usually, samples were positive on more than one plate: 70 samples were positive on all 3 plates, and only 6 samples did not inhibit the plate at pH 6. The majority of positive results on plates seeded with B. subtilis, 77 of 89 samples tested, contained tetracycline antibiotics. One sample also contained sulfadimidine. Two other samples contained high levels of enrofloxacine and ciprofloxacine. The 4-plate test is not sensitive enough to detect sulfonamides and quinolones at the EC maximum residue limits, but higher levels may cause inhibition. The 4-plate test can be used to detect meat samples containing tetracycline residues, but the method is too complicated when used only for that purpose.
LOCATE Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Salmonella in Food: Collaborative Study
Authors: Gangar Vidhya , Curiale Michael S , D'onorio Armando , Donnelly Carol , Dunnigan Paul ,   Collaborators:, Allen MaryLou , Theresa L Ammons , Baxter Patricia , Brock Gordon , Chenouda Michael , D'Onorio Armando , Dittman Carl , Donnelly Carol , Dunnigan Paul , Finot M , Gale Jason , Gangar Vidhya , Goodall Tracy , Grilli Tony , Guazelli Laura , Gudge Bob , Hagen Brad , Hannon Catherine , Herau M , Hoffman Carrie , Hourani Wendy , Hurlus Jean-Luc , Jaworski Maria , Jost Keating Kathy , Keller Mindy , Kohkur Nausheen , Loser Tony , McNally Steven , Moorman Mark , Naish Neil , Oda William J , Okereke Amechi , Parkin Geniese , Phan Phuong , Raghubeer Errol , Robinson Lorraine , Rogers Cathy , Schnitker Ronald , Schoenfeldt Maricarol , Shah Samir , Skillman Jay , Smythe Glen , Southerton Karen , Sumpter Rita , Walters Janet , Wang Xiao Ming , Wilkinson Carol , Woodruff Ted , Zablan Russell 
Published: February 2020

abstract
A collaborative study was performed in 27 laboratories to validate the enzyme-linked immunosorbent procedure LOCATE for rapid detection of Salmonella in foods. Results were read visually and with a microtiter plate reader. The LOCATE method was compared with the Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM)/AOAC INTERNATIONAL culture method for detecting Salmonella in 6 foods: milk chocolate, nonfat dry milk, dried whole egg, soy flour, ground black pepper, and ground raw turkey. Two foods—dried whole egg and black pepper—required repeat rounds because insufficient data sets were produced initially (AOAC INTERNATIONAL stipulates a minimum of 15 sets per food type). Each laboratory tested one or more of the 6 foods. A total of 1 439 samples were analyzed, and no significant differences (P &lt;0.05) were observed between LOCATE with either visual or reader detection and BAM/AOAC INTERNATIONAL results. The LOCATE screening method with visual or reader detection is recommended for Official First Action Approval
Measurement of 13C/12 C Ratios of Sugars, Malic Acid, and Citric Acid as Authenticity Probes of Citrus Juices and Concentrates
Authors: Jamin Eric , Gonzalez Javier , Bengoechea Ibon , Kerneur Ghislaine , Remaud Gérald , Naulet Norbert , Martin Gilles G 
Published: February 2020

abstract
The carbon-13 content of sugars, malic acid, and citric acid has been determined in authentic orange, lemon, and tangerine juices. After a cleanup step, sugars and organic acids were separated from each other by an anion-exchange process, and pure malic and citric acids were isolated by preparative reversed-phase liquid chromatography. This method has been applied to the stable isotope analysis of citrus juice samples of different botanical and geographical origins and of different years. Correlations between the carbon isotope ratios of all metabolites have been found, and typical ranges for the differences in δ13C values between them have been defined for each fruit. These data provide new tools for detecting adulterations that cannot be detected by the conventional carbon-13 method with the whole juice.