bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Texture and colour characteristics, and optimisation of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and glycine of reduced‐sodium frankfurter
Authors: Wilailux Chartchai , Sriwattana Sujinda , Chokumnoyporn Napapan , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe three‐components mixture design was applied to optimise a ratio of NaCl (0%–65%), KCl (35%–100%) and glycine (0%–20%) in reduced‐sodium frankfurters. Fourteen frankfurters were analysed for texture and colour, and consumer (n = 100) acceptability. Results indicated that NaCl levels affected consumer acceptability of reduced‐sodium frankfurters. Increasing NaCl generally increased texture hardness. Optimisation of a salt mixture was performed by superimposing contour plots of predicted acceptability scores (≥5.5 on a 9‐points hedonic scale) of all sensory attributes and revealed the optimal salt mixture: 40.03%–63.66% NaCl, 35.00%–55.90% KCl and 0.00%–20.00% glycine. The optimal salt mixture contained 220–340 mg Na/100g frankfurter compared with 540 mg Na/100 g of the control formulation (100% NaCl). The mean overall liking score (5.9 vs. 5.9) of the optimal reduced‐sodium frankfurter was not different from the control (100% NaCl). This optimal formulation had >25% sodium reduction and could be claimed as ‘reduced‐sodium’ according to US Food and Drugs Administration regulation.
Influence of Na2CO3 on the quality of dough with rice wine sourdough and steamed bread
Authors: Sun Xiangxiang , Liu Changhong , Wang Yuanhui 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe potential use of Na2CO3 in the dough with rice wine sourdough and steamed bread was studied in the processing steamed bread, by looking at the effects of Na2CO3 addition on the dough and steamed bread quality. The relationship between Na2CO3 concentration and pH was linear. Increasing the added Na2CO3 levels from 0.10% to 0.30% resulted initially in a lower content of free sulfhydryl groups (SH), but this eventually increased. Na2CO3 addition resulted in increased glutenin macropolymer (GMP) content in the dough and reduced the softness of the dough. Dough with 0.20% Na2CO3 had significantly lower Jmax and a values compared to the other Na2CO3 concentrations tested, indicating this concentration to be ideal for reduced dough softness and appropriate interaction between molecules in dough structure. The addition of 0.20% and 0.25% Na2CO3 was also beneficial to the extension of gluten and the formation of a proper and uniform gluten network, making the dough more fine and smooth. Additionally, significant correlations were found between the creep–recovery of dough and the specific volume and hardness of steamed bread. Finally, the addition of 0.20% Na2CO3 in dough resulted in improved specific volume, whiteness and the sensory score of rice wine sourdough steamed bread.
Technological and sensorial properties of liquid nitrogen ice cream enriched with protein from brewing waste (trub)
Authors: Saraiva Bianka Rocha , da Silva Lucas Henrique Maldonado , Anjo Fernando Antônio , Vital Ana Carolina Pelaes , Da Silva Jéssica Bassi , Bruschi Marcos Luciano , Matumoto Pintro Paula Toshimi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDebittered trub (brewing waste) is an important source of protein source (70.26%). Trub and whey protein were used for 5% protein enrichment of ice cream frozen by liquid nitrogen. Three formulations were elaborated: ice cream standard (ICS), ice cream with whey protein (ICW) and ice cream with trub (ICT). Chemical composition, rheological properties, texture, overrun, melting rate, scanning electron microscopy and a sensorial test were performed. Results showed that ICT presented a higher viscosity, obtained on the upward curve up to 6.76 Pa s−1, consistency index (22.96 (Pa s−1)n), hysteresis area (140.40 mPa s−1) and hardness (31113.33 g) but a lower melting rate (0.38 g min−1), overrun (13.92%) and sensorial acceptability than the other formulations. The addition of trub debittered for protein enrichment improved ice cream properties and demonstrated that it could be used as a food ingredient.
Circadian rhythms in adaptive immunity
Authors: Downton Polly , Early James O. , Gibbs Julie E. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe circadian clock provides organisms with the ability to track time of day, allowing them to predict and respond to cyclical changes in the external environment. In mammals this clock consists of multiple auto‐regulatory feedback loops generated by a network of circadian clock proteins. This network provides the fundamental basis for rhythms in behaviour and physiology. This clockwork machinery exists in most cells, including those of the immune system. In recent years evidence has emerged highlighting the important role of molecular clocks in dictating the response of immune pathways. While initial work highlighted the effect of the clock in the ‘first line of defence’, the innate immune system, it has become increasingly apparent that it also plays a role in the more tailored, later‐stage adaptive immune response. This review provides an overview of the role of the circadian cycle in the adaptive immune response. We interrogate the depth of knowledge on cell intrinsic clocks within adaptive immune cells and how these cells may be temporally directed by extrinsic rhythmic signals. We discuss the role of the circadian clock in diseases associated with adaptive immunity such as multiple sclerosis, asthma and parasitic infection. We also discuss the current knowledge on timing of vaccination, and the implications this may have on how we can harness and modulate temporal gating of the adaptive immune response in a clinical setting.
Multi‐source Statistics: Basic Situations and Methods
Authors: de Waal Ton , van Delden Arnout , Scholtus Sander 
Published: December 2019

SummaryMany National Statistical Institutes (NSIs), especially in Europe, are moving from single‐source statistics to multi‐source statistics. By combining data sources, NSIs can produce more detailed and more timely statistics and respond more quickly to events in society. By combining survey data with already available administrative data and Big Data, NSIs can save data collection and processing costs and reduce the burden on respondents. However, multi‐source statistics come with new problems that need to be overcome before the resulting output quality is sufficiently high and before those statistics can be produced efficiently. What complicates the production of multi‐source statistics is that they come in many different varieties as data sets can be combined in many different ways. Given the rapidly increasing importance of producing multi‐source statistics in Official Statistics, there has been considerable research activity in this area over the last few years, and some frameworks have been developed for multi‐source statistics. Useful as these frameworks are, they generally do not give guidelines to which method could be applied in a certain situation arising in practice. In this paper, we aim to fill that gap, structure the world of multi‐source statistics and its problems and provide some guidance to suitable methods for these problems.
The effects of intravenous lidocaine on wound pain and gastrointestinal function recovery after laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Authors: Wei Shi , Yu‐han Zhang , Wei‐wei Jing , Hai Yu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo evaluate the efficacy of intravenous lidocaine in relieving postoperative pain and promoting rehabilitation in laparoscopic colorectal surgery, we conducted this meta‐analysis. The systematic search strategy was performed on PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese databases, and Cochrane Library before September 2019. As a result, 10 randomised clinical trials were included in this meta‐analysis (n = 527 patients). Intravenous lidocaine significantly reduced pain scores at 2, 4, 12, 24, and 48 hours on movement and 2, 4, and 12 hours on resting‐state and reduced opioid requirement in first 24 hours postoperatively (weighted mean difference [WMD] = −5.02 [−9.34, −0.70]; P = .02). It also decreased the first flatus time (WMD: −10.15 [−11.20, −9.10]; P < .00001), first defecation time (WMD: −10.27 [−17.62, −2.92]; P = .006), length of hospital stay (WMD: −1.05 [−1.89, −0.21]; P = .01), and reduced the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (risk ratio: 0.53 [0.30, 0.93]; P = .03) when compared with control group. However, it had no effect on pain scores at 24 and 48 hours at rest, the normal dietary time, and the level of serum C‐reactive protein. In summary, perioperative intravenous lidocaine could alleviate acute pain, reduce postoperative analgesic requirements, and accelerate recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
Tunable dual‐mode emission with excellent thermal stability in Ca4ZrGe3O12:Eu phosphors prepared in air for NUV‐LEDs
Authors: Wei Rongfei , Li Kunjiao , Feng Jingjing , Tian Xiangling , Shi Yafei , Li Xiaoman , Hu Fangfang , Guo Hai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNovel dual valence Eu‐doped Ca4ZrGe3O12 (CZGO) phosphors were successfully fabricated in air atmosphere through a solid‐state route. Their crystal structure, photoluminescence properties as well as thermal quenching performance were investigated systematically. The spectra show that part of Eu3+ were reduced to Eu2+ and the mechanism is interpreted by the charge compensation. By altering Eu concentration, multi‐color luminescence covering from blue to red is realized when irradiated by 370 nm light, which perfectly matches with the near ultraviolet (NUV) light‐emitting diode (LED) chips. More importantly, under NUV excitation, luminescent intensities are almost unchanged even up to 423 K. And chromaticity exhibits only a tiny shift with growing temperature. Such suitable luminescent spectra and superior thermal stability indicate that CZGO:Eu phosphors are promising candidates for blue‐red components in NUV pumped W‐LEDs. Finally, the fabricated W‐LED based on the combination of CZGO:Eu phosphors, Ba2SiO4:Eu2+ and a 365 nm NUV‐LED chip gives a high color rendering index, a low correlated color temperature and suitable CIE chromaticity coordinates.
The protective effect of WKYMVm peptide on inflammatory osteolysis through regulating NF‐κB and CD9/gp130/STAT3 signalling pathway
Authors: Hu Junxian , Li Xianghe , Chen Yueqi , Han Xinyun , Li Li , Yang Zhengwei , Duan Lianli , Lu Hongwei , He Qingyi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe balance between bone formation and bone resorption is closely related to bone homeostasis. Osteoclasts, originating from the monocyte/macrophage lineage, are the only cell type possessing bone resorption ability. Osteoclast overactivity is thought to be the major reason underlying osteoclast‐related osteolytic problems, such as Paget's disease, aseptic loosening of prostheses and inflammatory osteolysis; therefore, disruption of osteoclastogenesis is considered a crucial treatment option for these issues. WKYMVm, a synthetic peptide, which is a potent FPR2 agonist, exerts an immunoregulatory effect. This peptide inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as (IL)‐1β and TNF‐α, thus regulating inflammation. However, there are only few reports on the role of WKYMVm and FPR2 in osteoclast cytology. In the current study, we found that WKYMVm negatively regulates RANKL‐ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced osteoclast differentiation and maturation in vitro and alleviates LPS‐induced osteolysis in animal models. WKYMVm down‐regulated the expression of osteoclast marker genes and resorption activity. Furthermore, WKYMVm inhibited osteoclastogenesis directly through reducing the phosphorylation of STAT3 and NF‐kB and indirectly through the CD9/gp130/STAT3 pathway. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated the potential medicinal value of WKYMVm for the treatment of inflammatory osteolysis.
Moral Distress and Intention to Leave the Profession: Lithuanian Nurses in Municipal Hospitals
Authors: Laurs Lina , Blaževičienė Aurelija , Capezuti Elizabeth , Milonas Daimantas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to describe the level of moral distress experienced by nurses, situations that most often caused moral distress, and the intentions of the nurses to leave the profession.MethodsA descriptive, cross‐sectional, correlational design was applied in this study. Registered nurses were recruited from five large, urban Lithuanian municipal hospitals representing the five administrative regions in Lithuania. Among the 2,560 registered nurses, from all unit types and specialities (surgical, therapeutic, and intensive care), working in the five participating hospitals, 900 were randomly selected to be recruited for the study. Of the 900 surveys distributed, 612 questionnaires were completed, for a response rate of 68%. Depending on the hospital, the response rate ranged from 61% to 81%. Moral distress was measured using the Moral Distress Scale–Revised (MDS‐R). The MDS‐R is designed to measure nurses’ experiences of moral distress in 21 clinical situations. Each of the 21 items is scored using a Likert scale (0–4) in two dimensions: how often the situation arises (frequency) and how disturbing the situation is when it occurs (intensity). On the Likert scale, 0 correlates to situations that have never been experienced, and 4 correlates to situations that have occurred very often.ResultsAmong the 612 participants, 206 (32.3%) nurses reported a low level of moral distress (mean score 1.09); 208 (33.9%) a moderate level of distress (mean score 2.53), and 207 (33.8%) a high level of distress (mean score 3.0). The most commonly experienced situations that resulted in moral distress were as follows: “Carrying out physician’s orders for what I consider to be unnecessary tests and treatments” (mean score 1.66); “Follow the family’s wishes to continue life support even though I believe it is not in the best interest of the patient” (mean score 1.31); and “Follow the physician’s request not to discuss the patient’s prognosis with the patient or family” (mean score 1.26). Nurses who had a high moral distress level were three times more likely to consider leaving their position compared with respondents who had a medium or low moral distress level (8.7% and 2.9%, respectively; p < .05).ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence on the association between moral distress and intention to leave the profession. Situations that may lead health professionals to be in moral distress seem to be mainly related to the unethical work environment.Clinical RelevanceThe findings of this study reported that moral distress plays a role in both personal and organizational consequences, including negative emotional impacts upon employees.
Anatomy and academies of art II − a tale of two cities
Authors: Lee T.C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnatomy played a significant role in the establishment of academies in art, initially in Italy and France, and then more widely in Europe and the Americas. This paper considers the role of anatomy in two such academies, the Royal Academy of Arts in London, and the Royal Hibernian Academy of Arts in Dublin. In both cases, anatomy teaching for art students was formalised by the appointment of a Professor of Anatomy, positions that continue to this day. The first Professor of Anatomy in the RA, William Hunter, set the standard by delivering lectures, carrying out dissections and producing écorchés. Some of his successors have published anatomy books specifically for artists, but their enthusiasm has varied. Unlike the continuity of the RA, the RHA has only had bespoke premises from 1826 to 1916, and from 1985 onwards, and its Schools or School have operated from 1826 to 1942, and from 2008 onwards. Anatomy teaching was a casualty of the decline of the formal art academy in the 20th century, but the fortunes of both are reviving in the early 21st century.
Toward a Theory of Activist‐Driven Responsible Innovation: How Activists Pressure Firms to Adopt More Responsible Practices
Authors: Waldron Theodore L. , Navis Chad , Karam Elizabeth P. , Markman Gideon D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAccounts of stakeholder influence on corporate social responsibility (CSR), situated in the CSR domain, have recognized that activists mitigate information asymmetries between firms and consumers. However, depictions of activists as information disseminators do not explain how they perform their quintessential role – pressuring resistant firms to engage in responsible innovation that emphasizes the creation of socioenvironmental value. Drawing from social movement theory that identifies claims as the instrument of such pressure, we examine four activist organizations’ use of claims across six campaigns to drive firms to adopt more socially and environmentally responsible practices, a form of responsible innovation. Our core contribution is an empirically grounded theory of activist‐driven responsible innovation (ARI) that proposes how activists use claims to drive firms to engage in responsible innovation, as well as how features of the two sides may shape this outcome. Our ARI theory primarily enriches accounts of stakeholder influence on corporate social responsibility in the CSR domain and, in doing so, secondarily enriches accounts of the influence of activists’ claims on firms in the social movement domain. These contributions also speak to the resolution of grand challenges, a core interest of the special issue.
Improvement of oral function and hygiene in Parkinson's disease: A randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Baram Sara , Karlsborg Merete , Bakke Merete 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It is associated with reduced oral health and impaired oro‐facial function, but besides recommendations of dental visits and drooling treatment, there are little documented odontological treatment options.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of standardised home exercise jaw opening and chewing programmes, as well as home oral hygiene measures instructed and controlled by a trained dentist.MethodsTwenty‐nine patients (median 65 years) with moderate to advanced PD participated in the project after informed consent. They were followed at a Neurology Department, were able to cooperate, and had stable medical treatment and nine also deep brain stimulation. The interventions were individual dental hygiene instruction, training of jaw opening (JawTrainer), and lip and chewing exercises (Ulmer Oral Screen and Proxident Fluoride Gum). The study was performed as a randomised controlled study. The treatment effect was evaluated after 2 and 4 months. The primary outcome was maximum unassisted jaw opening capacity, chewing time of a standardised apple slice, and the Simplified Debris Index. Results were analysed with Wilcoxon matched pairs test and Mann‐Whitney U test (significance level P < .05).ResultsJaw opening, chewing time and hygiene were significantly improved 2 months from the start of the invention, respectively, 6%, 49%, and 25%, and the improvement was still significant after 4 months. No significant changes were found after the 2‐month control period without intervention.ConclusionThe simple measures had a substantial and significant clinical effect which is promising despite the progressive nature of the PD.
Should we spend more on fish?—How consumer beliefs about fish influence fish and meat expenditure shares
Authors: Morales Luis Emilio , Higuchi Angie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHealth benefits derived from regular fish intake have encouraged governments to promote its consumption. However, can beliefs about fish increase expenditure on fish and reduce meat expenditure? Survey data from Modern Metropolitan Lima, Peru, indicate that female respondents were more likely to spend a bigger proportion on fish, while more educated respondents spent less on fish. Also, those with a higher household income and who eat fast food regularly were more likely to spend a bigger proportion on beef. Factors that positively influence expenditure share on fish were the belief that fish is healthy and nutritious, a preference for fish flavor and familiarity with fish. Conversely, these beliefs reduced the expenditure shares on beef and chicken. These outcomes demonstrate both the positive effect of fish consumption campaigns on fish expenditure and their negative impacts on meat expenditure, which has implications for campaigns developed by governments and the meat industry.Practical applicationsFood policies and campaigns that promote regular fish consumption by highlighting its positive health benefits and nutritional content can influence the proportion that consumers spend on fish versus other sources of animal protein, beyond their effects on consumer preferences and willingness‐to‐pay for fish. However, these campaigns can result in reduced meat expenditure. These substitution effects between expenditure on related products, such as the case of fish and different types of meats, need to be considered by the authorities and the food industry, as new marketing strategies may need to be developed to increase the consumption of specific fish and meat products that have positive health and nutrition properties. In addition, food processors and retailers could introduce and promote new products in convenient formats for meal preparation to encourage consumption of fish and meat as part of a healthy diet.
Predictive factors for persistence of preoperative overactive bladder symptoms after transvaginal mesh surgery in women with pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Otsuka Atsushi , Watanabe Kyohei , Matsushita Yuto , Watanabe Hiromitsu , Tamura Keita , Motoyama Daisuke , Ito Toshiki , Sugiyama Takayuki , Miyake Hideaki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the effect of transvaginal mesh surgery on overactive bladder symptoms in women with pelvic organ prolapse and to identify predictive factors for persistence of a preoperative overactive bladder after surgery.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 102 patients who underwent transvaginal mesh surgery. All patients had stage 2 or greater pelvic organ prolapse accompanied by cystocele. The Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, International Prostate Symptom Score, uroflowmetry, and postvoid residual urine volume were evaluated preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. To identify predictive factors for the persistence of a preoperative overactive bladder after surgery, preoperative parameters were statistically compared between patients with and without the persistence of preoperative overactive bladder symptoms. Receiver operator characteristic curves were generated, and the area under the curve was calculated.ResultsPreoperatively, 54 women (53%) had an overactive bladder. After surgery, the symptoms disappeared in 34 (63%) and persisted in 20 (37%) women. There were no significant differences in preoperative parameters including age, body mass index, parity, or severity of pelvic organ prolapse between patients with and without persistent preoperative overactive bladder. Preoperative Overactive Bladder Symptom Score and International Prostate Symptom Score were significantly higher in patients with persistent preoperative overactive bladder symptoms. The International Prostate Symptom Score storage subscore had the highest area under the curve, with a cutoff value of 9.5.ConclusionTransvaginal mesh surgery eliminates overactive bladder symptoms in about two‐thirds of pelvic organ prolapse patients. The preoperative International Prostate Symptom Score storage subscore was the most useful predictive factor for the persistence of preoperative overactive bladder symptoms after surgery.