bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of bacteriochlorophyll derivative WST-D and near infrared light on the molecular and fibrillar architecture of the corneal stroma
Authors: Hayes S. , Aldahlawi N. , Marcovich A. L. , Brekelmans J. , Goz A. , Scherz A. , Young R. D. , Bell J. S. , O’Brart D. P. , Nuijts R. M. M. A. , Meek K. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA cross-linking technique involving application of Bacteriochlorophyll Derivative WST-11 mixed with dextran (WST-D) to the epithelium-debrided cornea and illumination with Near Infrared (NIR), has been identified as a promising therapy for stiffening pathologically weakened corneas. To investigate its effect on corneal collagen architecture, x-ray scattering and electron microscopy data were collected from paired WST-D/NIR treated and untreated rabbit corneas. The treated eye received 2.5 mg/mL WST-D and was illuminated by a NIR diode laser (755 nm, 10 mW/cm2). An increase in corneal thickness (caused by corneal oedema) occurred at 1-day post-treatment but resolved in the majority of cases within 4 days. The epithelium was fully healed after 6–8 days. X-ray scattering revealed no difference in average collagen interfibrillar spacing, fibril diameter, D-periodicity or intermolecular spacing between treated and untreated specimens. Similarly, electron microscopy images of the anterior and posterior stroma in healed WST-D/NIR corneas and untreated controls revealed no obvious differences in collagen organisation or fibril diameter. As the size and organisation of stromal collagen is closely associated with the optical properties of the cornea, the absence of any large-scale changes following treatment confirms the potential of WST-D/NIR therapy as a means of safely stiffening the cornea.
Touching the social robot PARO reduces pain perception and salivary oxytocin levels
Authors: Geva Nirit , Uzefovsky Florina , Levy-Tzedek Shelly 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHuman-human social touch improves mood and alleviates pain. No studies have so far tested the effect of human-robot emotional touch on experimentally induced pain ratings, on mood and on oxytocin levels in healthy young adults. Here, we assessed the effect of touching the robot PARO on pain perception, on mood and on salivary oxytocin levels, in 83 young adults. We measured their perceived pain, happiness state, and salivary oxytocin. For the 63 participants in the PARO group, pain was assessed in three conditions: Baseline, Touch (touching PARO) and No-Touch (PARO present). The control group (20 participants) underwent the same measurements without ever encountering PARO. There was a decrease in pain ratings and in oxytocin levels and an increase in happiness ratings compared to baseline only in the PARO group. The Touch condition yielded a larger decrease in pain ratings compared to No-Touch. These effects correlated with the participants’ positive perceptions of the interaction with PARO. Participants with higher perceived ability to communicate with PARO experienced a greater hypoalgesic effect when touching PARO. We show that human-robot social touch is effective in reducing pain ratings, improving mood and - surprisingly - reducing salivary oxytocin levels in adults.
Pragmatic and Conversational Features of Arabic-Speaking Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Examining Performance and Caregivers' Perceptions
Authors: Almehmadi Wesam , Tenbrink Thora , Sanoudaki Eirini 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis study investigates the features of pragmatic and conversational skills in the language of Arabic-speaking adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by comparing them with typically developing (TD) Arabic-speaking adolescents in Saudi Arabia. It aims to identify the differences in the pragmatic skills of the two groups and the perception of those skills by caregivers, with respect to four main pragmatic areas: discourse management, communicative function, conversational repair, and presupposition abilities.MethodData for this study were collected from 15 Saudi adolescents with ASD and a control group of 15 TD adolescents, matched for gender and language abilities. All the participants were in the normal IQ range. The caregivers of the adolescents with ASD and TD adolescents also participated in this study. Data were collected on the adolescents' performances using the Yale in vivo Pragmatic Protocol. In addition, the Pragmatics Profile of Everyday Communication Skills (PPECS) was used to collect data on the caregivers' perceptions of the adolescents' abilities. The combination of tools in this study allows for a unique comparison between actual performance and caregivers' perceptions.ResultsAs expected, both the adolescents' performances and the caregivers' perceptions reflected an overall deficit in the pragmatic and conversational skills of adolescents with ASD. However, we also identified an inconsistency between the caregivers' estimation of the participant's pragmatic abilities and the actual abilities demonstrated by the adolescents. In particular, TD adolescents performed significantly better than adolescents with ASD in the pragmatic areas of turn-taking, topic maintenance, and topic initiation, but the caregivers did not detect differences between the two groups in these discourse management abilities.ConclusionsThis study has important implications for both ASD interventions and assessment. It provides a comprehensive assessment approach for measuring pragmatic skills, including both direct (participants' performances) and indirect (caregivers' perceptions) measures. Future research may benefit from adopting the combined approach used in this study to explore pragmatics in ASD. Differences between caregivers' perceptions and the performances of individuals with ASD should be considered, as well as the influence of various factors on their communication.
The Relationship Between Word Learning and Executive Function in Preschoolers With and Without Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Kapa Leah L. , Erikson Jessie A. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between executive functioning and word learning among preschoolers with and without developmental language disorder (DLD).

Method
Forty-one preschool-age children with DLD were matched to typically developing children on age and sex. Participants were exposed to 10 novel pseudowords, half of which referred to familiar objects and half of which referred to unfamiliar objects. Their ability to produce, recognize, and comprehend the novel words was tested, and they completed executive function tasks measuring sustained selective attention, short-term memory, working memory, inhibition, and shifting.

Results
Preschoolers with DLD performed worse compared to typically developing peers on all measures of executive function and novel word learning. Both groups showed a relative weakness in producing pseudowords that corresponded with familiar objects versus pseudowords for unknown objects. Executive function accounted for statistically significant variance in word learning beyond group membership, with inhibition as a significant predictor of all word learning outcomes and short-term memory as a significant predictor of novel word comprehension. Executive function explained significant variance in novel word production and recognition even after accounting for variance explained by group differences in IQ and receptive vocabulary.

Conclusion
Findings replicate previous research reporting deficits in word learning and executive function in children with DLD, indicate that preschoolers are disadvantaged in learning new words for familiar objects, and support a relationship between executive function and word learning for children with and without DLD. Future research should examine the directionality of the relationship between these variables.
Inferring the origins of the pulsed γ-ray emission from the Crab pulsar with ten-year Fermi-LAT data
Authors: Yeung Paul K. H. 
Published: June 2020

Context. The Crab pulsar is a bright γ-ray source, which has been detected at photon energies up to ∼1 TeV. Its phase-averaged and phase-resolved γ-ray spectra below 10 GeV exhibit exponential cutoffs, while those above 10 GeV apparently follow simple power laws.
Aims. We re-visit the γ-ray properties of the Crab pulsar with ten-year Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data in the range of 60 MeV–500 GeV. With the phase-resolved spectra, we investigate the origins and mechanisms responsible for the emissions.
Methods. The phaseograms were reconstructed for different energy bands and further analysed using a wavelet decomposition. The phase-resolved energy spectra were combined with the observations of ground-based instruments, such as MAGIC and VERITAS, to achieve a larger energy converage. We fitted power-law models to the overlapping energy spectra from 10 GeV to ∼1 TeV. In the fit, we included a relative cross-calibration of energy scales between air-shower-based gamma-ray telescopes with the orbital pair-production telescope from the Fermi mission.
Results. We confirm the energy-dependence of the γ-ray pulse shape and, equivalently, the phase-dependence of the spectral shape for the Crab pulsar. A relatively sharp cutoff at a relatively high energy of ∼8 GeV is observed for the bridge-phase emission. The E >  10 GeV spectrum observed for the second pulse peak is harder than those for other phases.
Conclusions. In view of the diversity of phase-resolved spectral shapes of the Crab pulsar, we tentatively propose a multi-origin scenario where the polar-cap, outer-gap, and relativistic-wind regions are involved.
High-precision abundances of elements in solar-type stars
Authors: Nissen P. E. , Christensen-Dalsgaard J. , Mosumgaard J. R. , Silva Aguirre V. , Spitoni E. , Verma K. 
Published: June 2020

Aims. Previous high-precision studies of abundances of elements in solar twin stars are extended to a wider metallicity range to see how the trends of element ratios with stellar age depend on [Fe/H].
Methods. HARPS spectra with signal-to-noise ratios S/N ≳ 600 at λ​ ∼ ​6000 Å were analysed with MARCS model atmospheres to obtain 1D LTE abundances of C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Sr, and Y for 72 nearby solar-type stars with metallicities in the range of −0.3 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ +0.3 and ASTEC stellar models were used to determine stellar ages from effective temperatures, luminosities obtained via Gaia DR2 parallaxes, and heavy element abundances.
Results. The age-metallicity distribution appears to consist of the following two distinct populations: a sequence of old stars with a steep rise of [Fe/H] to ∼​ + 0.3 dex at an age of ∼​7 Gyr and a younger sequence with [Fe/H] increasing from about −0.3 dex to ∼​ + 0.2 dex over the last 6 Gyr. Furthermore, the trends of several abundance ratios, [O/Fe], [Na/Fe], [Ca/Fe], and [Ni/Fe], as a function of stellar age, split into two corresponding sequences. The [Y/Mg]-age relation, on the other hand, shows no offset between the two age sequences and has no significant dependence on [Fe/H], but the components of a visual binary star, ζ Reticuli, have a large and puzzling deviation.
Conclusions. The split of the age-metallicity distribution into two sequences may be interpreted as evidence of two episodes of accretion of gas onto the Galactic disk with a quenching of star formation in between. Some of the [X/Fe]-age relations support this scenario but other relations are not so easy to explain, which calls for a deeper study of systematic errors in the derived abundances as a function of [Fe/H], in particular 3D non-LTE effects.
Three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the upper atmosphere of π Men c: Comparison with Lyα transit observations
Authors: Shaikhislamov I. F. , Fossati L. , Khodachenko M. L. , Lammer H. , García Muñoz A. , Youngblood A. , Dwivedi N. K. , Rumenskikh M. S. 
Published: June 2020

Context. π Men c is the first planet to have been discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. It orbits a bright, nearby star and has a relatively low average density, making it an excellent target for atmospheric characterisation. The existing planetary upper atmosphere models of π Men c predict significant atmospheric escape, but Lyα transit observations indicate the non-detection of hydrogen escaping from the planet.
Aims. Our study is aimed at constraining the conditions of the wind and high-energy emission of the host star and reproducing the non-detection of Lyα planetary absorption.
Methods. We modelled the escaping planetary atmosphere, the stellar wind, and their interaction employing a multi-fluid, three-dimensional hydrodynamic code. We assumed a planetary atmosphere composed of hydrogen and helium. We ran models varying the stellar high-energy emission and stellar mass-loss rate, and, for each case, we further computed the Lyα synthetic planetary atmospheric absorption and compared it with the observations.
Results. We find that a non-detection of Lyα in absorption employing the stellar high-energy emission estimated from far-ultraviolet and X-ray data requires a stellar wind with a stellar mass-loss rate about six times lower than solar. This result is a consequence of the fact that, for π Men c, detectable Lyα absorption can be caused exclusively by energetic neutral atoms, which become more abundant with increasing velocity or density of the stellar wind. By considering, instead, that the star has a solar-like wind, the non-detection requires a stellar ionising radiation about four times higher than estimated. The reason for this is that despite the fact that a stronger stellar high-energy emission ionises hydrogen more rapidly, it also increases the upper atmosphere heating and expansion, pushing the interaction region with the stellar wind farther away from the planet, where the planet atmospheric density that remains neutral becomes smaller and the production of energetic neutral atoms less efficient.
Conclusions. Comparing the results of our grid of models with what is expected and estimated for the stellar wind and high-energy emission, respectively, we support the idea that it is likely that the atmosphere of π Men c is not hydrogen-dominated. Therefore, future observations should focus on the search for planetary atmospheric absorption at the position of lines of heavier elements, such as He, C, and O.
Design of a Low-Cost, Wearable Device for Kinematic Analysis in Physical Therapy Settings
Authors: Hua Andrew , Johnson Nicole , Quinton Joshua , Chaudhary Pratik , Buchner David , Hernandez Manuel E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Unsupervised home exercise is a major component of physical therapy (PT). This study proposes an inexpensive, inertial measurement unit-based wearable device to capture kinematic data to facilitate exercise. However, conveying and interpreting kinematic data to non-experts poses a challenge due to the complexity and background knowledge required that most patients lack.
Objectives The objectives of this study were to identify key user interface and user experience features that would likely improve device adoption and assess participant receptiveness toward the device.
Methods Fifty participants were recruited to perform nine upper extremity exercises while wearing the device. Prior to exercise, participants completed an orientation of the device, which included examples of software graphics with exercise data. Surveys that measured receptiveness toward the device, software graphics, and ergonomics were given before and after exercise.
Results Participants were highly receptive to the device with 90% of the participants likely to use the device during PT. Participants understood how the simple kinematic data could be used to aid exercise, but the data could be difficult to comprehend with more complex movements. Devices should incorporate wireless sensors and emphasize ease of wear.
Conclusion Device-guided home physical rehabilitation can allow for individualized treatment protocols and improve exercise self-efficacy through kinematic analysis. Future studies should implement clinical testing to evaluate the impact a wearable device can have on rehabilitation outcomes.
Applying FAIR Principles to Improve Data Searchability of Emergency Department Datasets: A Case Study for HCUP-SEDD
Authors: Bhatia Karishma , Tanch James , Chen Elizabeth S. , Sarkar Indra Neil 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background There is a recognized need to improve how scholarly data are managed and accessed. The scientific community has proposed the findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) data principles to address this issue.
Objective The objective of this case study was to develop a system for improving the FAIRness of Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's State Emergency Department Databases (HCUP's SEDD) within the context of data catalog availability.
Methods A search tool, EDCat (Emergency Department Catalog), was designed to improve the “FAIRness” of electronic health databases and tested on datasets from HCUP-SEDD. ElasticSearch was used as a database for EDCat's search engine. Datasets were curated and defined. Searchable data dictionary-related elements and unified medical language system (UMLS) concepts were included in the curated metadata. Functionality to standardize search terms using UMLS concepts was added to the user interface.
Results The EDCat system improved the overall FAIRness of HCUP-SEDD by improving the findability of individual datasets and increasing the efficacy of searches for specific data elements and data types.
Discussion The databases considered for this case study were limited in number as few data distributors make the data dictionaries of datasets available. The publication of data dictionaries should be encouraged through the FAIR principles, and further efforts should be made to improve the specificity and measurability of the FAIR principles.
Conclusion In this case study, the distribution of datasets from HCUP-SEDD was made more FAIR through the development of a search tool, EDCat. EDCat will be evaluated and developed further to include datasets from other sources.
‘I couldn’t say the words’: communicative bodies and spaces in parents’ encounters with nonsuicidal self-injury
Authors: Steggals Peter , Lawler Steph , Graham Ruth 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is a growing recognition that nonsuicidal self-injury commonly incorporates communicative and interactional dimensions. But regardless of whether we approach self-injury within the terms of deliberate interpersonal communication, it is undeniably something that conveys a significant impact into the social and communicative field between people. As such, it is something that can be approached and analysed as communicative in this more general sense. In this paper, we draw on 13 in-depth qualitative interviews with the parents of people who self-injure, conducted for a larger pilot study, to explore some of these more general communicative processes, spaces and impacts associated with self-injury. By providing a phenomenologically informed examination of parents' experiences, we argue that self-injury is in fact a richly communicative phenomenon, albeit one that cannot be adequately mapped using the traditional sender–receiver communication paradigm. To provide a more nuanced mapping, we look beyond this paradigm to include more subtle, ambiguous, pre-reflexive and bodily forms of communication. Indeed, self-injury offers a particularly powerful case study with which to think through a more complex model of communication, one that connects the interpersonal, intersubjective and intercorporeal levels, and that, as such, is more appropriate to the sociologies of everyday life and embodiment.
Sensibility analysis of the electrical impedance parameters by the Monte Carlo method
Authors: Vega S P , Corzo S P , Miranda D A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Electrical properties of biological tissues are used to analyze its state in different practical applications, e.g., assessing the risk of cancer. The modeling of electrical properties usually is performed by circuital models or semiempirical models as Cole-Cole. Still, another option is available, the application of the generalized effective medium theory of induced polarization. In the framework of the effective medium theory, we proposed a model for biological tissues which we called MOPET. This model links physiological parameters of tissues with their electrical properties. However, it has a higher number of parameters than the Cole-Cole and circuital models. This large number of parameters is a limitation for the use of effective medium theory to describe the electrical properties of tissue and also suggests that some of these parameters have negligible effects. We used a Monte Carlo simulation to study the effect of each MOPET parameter on the electrical impedance spectra, where uniform random variables were used to simulate the variability of the parameters of this model. We found that the heterogeneity coefficient is the most sensible parameter, i.e., a variation above 1% in this parameter alters enormously the impedance spectra.
Spectroscopic Observation of Wolf-Rayet Stars: Study of Expansion Velocity and Mass Loss as Contributors of Interstellar Matter Enrichment
Authors: Adhyaqsa Azlizan , Malasan Hakim L , Aprilia  , Puspitarini Lucky 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars exhibit broad emission lines in their spectra. Based on the featured lines, they are classified into three types: nitrogen-rich WN, carbon-rich WC, and oxygen-rich WO. Broad emission lines indicate high expansion velocity and also previous studies showed that WR stars possessed higher mass-loss rates compared with another type of stars. Thus, it is suggested that the expansion velocity and the mass loss of WR stars play a role in the enrichment of interstellar matter. Our observations were conducted between July 2018 and June 2019 using NEO-R1000 (R∼1000) spectrograph with spectral range 4500-7000Å at the Bosscha Observatory and consisted of WN and WC type stars. Data reduction and expansion velocities determination were carried out using IRAF with longslit-transform routine and Gaussian fitting respectively. To obtain mass-loss rates, we compared our observed spectra with models provided by Potsdam Wolf-Rayet Models (PoWR). In several cases, the contribution of WR stars can be directly observed as Wolf-Rayet nebulae, whose structures are influenced by the high expansion velocity of the nearby WR stars. Assuming that the total of WR stars in the Milky Way is ∼ 2600, we estimated that the population release ∼ 0.507 M⊙ of material annually into Galactic environment.
Mobile Campaign of Sky Brightness Measurement in Indonesia
Authors: Admiranto A G , Haida SK , Priyatikanto R , Maryam S , Ellyyani  , Suryana N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The bright sky caused by light pollution is a problem for astronomical research. One of the first steps in dealing with the effects of light pollution is to calculate the level of light pollution. Measurement of sky brightness using Sky Quality Meter (SQM) can be done massively through mobile campaign/observations. LAPAN conducted such observations at several places namely Sumatera Barat, Sumedang, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur and Kupang by using SQM attached on vehicles. Those campaigns covers 80 to 980 km journey and the total distance traveled was about 2870 km. The obtained data show that the sky brightness above regions surveyed vary from 10 magnitude per arcsec2 (mpsas), especially around Surabaya, Jawa Timur to 22 mpsas. The results then compared radiance map of the Earth surface from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard Suomi National Polar Orbiting Partnership (NPP). Moderate correlations between in-situ sky brightness data and the radiance map are achieved. Further analyses are required prior to utilization of those relations in the development of Indonesia’s sky brightness map which is presumably more accurate than the existing global map of sky brightness.