bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Tale of Two Transition Disks: ALMA Long-baseline Observations of ISO-Oph 2 Reveal Two Closely Packed Nonaxisymmetric Rings and a ∼2 au Cavity
Authors: González-Ruilova Camilo , Cieza Lucas A. , Hales Antonio S. , Pérez Sebastián , Zurlo Alice , Arce-Tord Carla , Casassus Simón , Cánovas Hector , Flock Mario , Herczeg Gregory J. , Pinilla Paola , Price Daniel J. , Principe David A. , Ruíz-Rodríguez Dary , Williams Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
ISO-Oph 2 is a wide-separation (240 au) binary system where the primary star harbors a massive (M
dust ∼ 40 M
⊕) ring-like disk with a dust cavity ∼50 au in radius and the secondary hosts a much lighter (M
dust ∼ 0.8 M
⊕) disk. As part of the high-resolution follow-up of the “Ophiuchus Disk Survey Employing ALMA” (ODISEA) project, we present 1.3 mm continuum and 12CO molecular line observations of the system at 002 (3 au) resolution. We resolve the disk around the primary into two nonaxisymmetric rings and find that the disk around the secondary is only ∼7 au across and also has a dust cavity (r ∼ 2.2 au). Based on the infrared flux ratio of the system and the M0 spectral type of the primary, we estimate the mass of the companion to be close to the brown-dwarf limit. Hence, we conclude that the ISO-Oph 2 system contains the largest and smallest cavities, the smallest measured disk size, and the resolved cavity around the lowest-mass object (M
⋆ ∼ 0.08 M
⊙) in Ophiuchus. From the 12CO data, we find a bridge of gas connecting both disks. While the morphology of the rings around the primary might be due to an unseen disturber within the cavity, we speculate that the bridge might indicate an alternative scenario in which the secondary has recently flown by the primary star causing the azimuthal asymmetries in its disk. The ISO-Oph 2 system is therefore a remarkable laboratory to study disk evolution, planet formation, and companion–disk interactions.
Macrophage-Associated Lipin-1 Promotes β-Oxidation in Response to Proresolving Stimuli
Authors: Schilke Robert M , Blackburn Cassidy M R , Rao Shashanka , Krzywanski David M , Finck Brian N , Woolard Matthew D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Macrophages reprogram their metabolism to promote appropriate responses. Proresolving macrophages primarily use fatty acid oxidation as an energy source. Metabolites generated during the catabolism of fatty acids aid in the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair, but the regulatory mechanisms that control lipid metabolism in macrophages are not fully elucidated. Lipin-1, a phosphatidic acid phosphatase that has transcriptional coregulator activity, regulates lipid metabolism in a variety of cells. In this current study, we show that lipin-1 is required for increased oxidative phosphorylation in IL-4 stimulated mouse (Mus musculus) macrophages. We also show that the transcriptional coregulatory function of lipin-1 is required for β-oxidation in response to palmitate (free fatty acid) and apoptotic cell (human) stimulation. Mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages lacking lipin-1 have a reduction in critical TCA cycle metabolites following IL-4 stimulation, suggesting a break in the TCA cycle that is supportive of lipid synthesis rather than lipid catabolism. Together, our data demonstrate that lipin-1 regulates cellular metabolism in macrophages in response to proresolving stimuli and highlights the importance of aligning macrophage metabolism with macrophage phenotype.
MARCH Proteins Mediate Responses to Antitumor Antibodies
Authors: Ablack Jailal N. , Ortiz Jesus , Bajaj Jeevisha , Trinh Kathleen , Lagarrigue Frederic , Cantor Joseph M. , Reya Tannishtha , Ginsberg Mark H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
CD98, which is required for the rapid proliferation of both normal and cancer cells, and MET, the hepatocyte growth factor receptor, are potential targets for therapeutic antitumor Abs. In this study, we report that the antiproliferative activity of a prototype anti-CD98 Ab, UM7F8, is due to Ab-induced membrane-associated ring CH (MARCH) E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated ubiquitination and downregulation of cell surface CD98. MARCH1-mediated ubiquitination of CD98 is required for UM7F8’s capacity to reduce CD98 surface expression and its capacity to inhibit the proliferation of murine T cells. Similarly, CD98 ubiquitination is required for UM7F8’s capacity to block the colony-forming ability of murine leukemia–initiating cells. To test the potential generality of the paradigm that MARCH E3 ligases can mediate the antiproliferative response to antitumor Abs, we examined the potential effects of MARCH proteins on responses to emibetuzumab, an anti-MET Ab currently in clinical trials for various cancers. We report that MET surface expression is reduced by MARCH1, 4, or 8-mediated ubiquitination and that emibetuzumab-induced MET ubiquitination contributes to its capacity to downregulate MET and inhibit human tumor cell proliferation. Thus, MARCH E3 ligases can act as cofactors for antitumor Abs that target cell surface proteins, suggesting that the MARCH protein repertoire of cells is a determinant of their response to such Abs.
CONCEPT OF KARNANADA (TINNITUS) IN CORRELATION WITH MODERN COUNTERPART
Authors: Narender Chanchal  , Dayashankar Singh  , Jyoti Gupta  , Rajesh Mishra  
Published: October 2020

Śālākya Tantra is one among the eight branches of Aṣṭāñga Āyurveda. Śālākya Tantra deals with diseases that affect part above the neck like eyes, nose, throat, ear, and head. Karṇanāda is one among twenty eight Karṇarogas explained in Suśruta Saṁhitā, Bhāvaprakāśa and Yoga- Ratnākara. Karṇanāda can be correlated to the tinnitus in modern literature. When the Vāta gets localised in the channels of the ear the patient hears various types of sound like those of a Bherī (bulge/drum), Mṛdañga, Śaṁkha etc. are known as Karṇanāda. Tinnitus is defined as a phantom auditory perception-it is a perception of sound without corresponding acoustic or mechanical correlates in the cochlea. The prevalence of tinnitus in the adult population is estimated to range from 6% to 19%. Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms underlying tinnitus. Treatments for tinnitus include Snigdha Virecana, Nāḍi Sweda, Piṇḍa Sweda, Dhūpana, Basti Karma Nāvana, Abhyañga, Karṇapūraṇa and in modern literature medical and surgical, pharmacotherapy, acoustic therapy, counseling and education, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), tinnitus retraining therapy, and electrical stimulation. This paper reviews the characteristics, causes, mechanisms, and treatments of tinnitus in Āyurveda and modern.
The Effect of Hedging with Financial Derivatives on Firm Value at Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Frensidy Budi , Mardhaniaty Tasya Indah 
Published: October 2020

This study aims to analyze the effect of hedging for the risks of foreign currency, interest rate, and commodity price on firm value as measured by Tobin’s Q. The findings reveal that hedging with derivative instruments is insignificantly related to firm value but significantly varied in financial risks. Hedging for foreign currency risk has a significantly positive relation to firm value, while hedging for interest rate and commodity price risk has no relation. Furthermore, this study provides a novelty compared to previous studies in the utilization of the extent of hedging as the variable to measure the implementation of hedging.
Gender Differences in Children’s Non-Leisure Activities: A Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Abang Ali Dayang Haszelinna , Hamdan Rosita , Liwan Audrey , Hwang Josephine Yau Tan 
Published: October 2020

The prevalence of son preference indicates that girls will have less leisure time compared to boys. This study aims to examine gender differences in weekly hours in schooling, housework, and working among children in Indonesia using Tobit Model and decomposition model of Bauer & Sinning (2005), to test whether son preference explains the differences. The dataset was drawn from the fourth wave of Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 2007. The results show significant gender differences in housework and working for children aged 5–14 years and insignificant gender gap in schooling for both age groups. These results confirm the existence of gender differences among younger children compared to older children in their time allocation.
Dialog History Construction with Long-Short Term Memory for Robust Generative Dialog State Tracking
Authors: Lee Byung-Jun , Kim Kee-Eung 
Published: October 2020

One of the crucial components of dialog system is the dialog state tracker, which infers user’s intention from preliminary speech processing. Since the overall performance of the dialog system is heavily affected by that of the dialog tracker, it has been one of the core areas of research on dialog systems. In this paper, we present a dialog state tracker that combines a generative probabilistic model of dialog state tracking with the recurrent neural network for encoding important aspects of the dialog history. We describe a two-step gradient descent algorithm that optimizes the tracker with a complex loss function. We demonstrate that this approach yields a dialog state tracker that performs competitively with top-performing trackers participated in the first and second Dialog State Tracking Challenges.
Spectral decomposition method of dialog state tracking via collective matrix factorization
Authors: Perez Julien 
Published: October 2020

The task of dialog management is commonly decomposed into two sequential subtasks: dialog state tracking and dialog policy learning. In an end-to-end dialog system, the aim of dialog state tracking is to accurately estimate the true dialog state from noisy observations produced by the speech recognition and the natural language understanding modules. The state tracking task is primarily meant to support a dialog policy. From a probabilistic perspective, this is achieved by maintaining a posterior distribution over hidden dialog states composed of a set of context dependent variables. Once a dialog policy is learned, it strives to select an optimal dialog act given the estimated dialog state and a defined reward function. This paper introduces a novel method of dialog state tracking based on a bilinear algebric decomposition model that provides an efficient inference schema through collective matrix factorization. We evaluate the proposed approach on the second Dialog State Tracking Challenge (DSTC-2) dataset and we show that the proposed tracker gives encouraging results compared to the state-of-the-art trackers that participated in this standard benchmark. Finally, we show that the prediction schema is computationally efficient in comparison to the previous approaches.
A Psycholinguistic Model for the Marking of Discourse Relations
Authors: Yung Frances , Duh Kevin , Komura Taku , Matsumoto Yuji 
Published: October 2020

Discourse relations can either be explicitly marked by discourse connectives (DCs), such as therefore and but, or implicitly conveyed in natural language utterances. How speakers choose between the two options is a question that is not well understood. In this study, we propose a psycholinguistic model that predicts whether or not speakers will produce an explicit marker given the discourse relation they wish to express. Our model is based on two information-theoretic frameworks: (1) the Rational Speech Acts model, which models the pragmatic interaction between language production and interpretation by Bayesian inference, and (2) the Uniform Information Density theory, which advocates that speakers adjust linguistic redundancy to maintain a uniform rate of information transmission. Specifically, our model quantifies the utility of using or omitting a DC based on the expected surprisal of comprehension, cost of production, and availability of other signals in the rest of the utterance. Experiments based on the Penn Discourse Treebank show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art performance at predicting the presence of DCs (Patterson and Kehler, 2013), in addition to giving an explanatory account of the speaker’s choice.
Just because: In search of objective criteria of subjectivity expressed by causal connectives
Authors: Levshina Natalia , Degand Liesbeth 
Published: October 2020

The connective because can express both highly objective and highly subjective causal relations. In this, it differs from its counterparts in other languages, e.g. Dutch, where two conjunctions omdat and want express more objective and more subjective causal relations, respectively. The present study investigates whether it is possible to anchor the different uses of because in context, examining a large number of syntactic, morphological and semantic cues with a minimal cost of manual annotation. We propose an innovative method of distinguishing between subjective and objective uses of because with the help of information available from an English/Dutch segment of a parallel corpus, which is accompanied by a distributional analysis of contextual features. On the basis of automatic syntactic and morphological annotation of approximately 1500 examples of because, every English sentence is coded semi-automatically for more than twenty contextual variables, such as the part of speech, number, person, semantic class of the subject, modality, etc. We employ logistic regression to determine whether these contextual variables help predict which of the two causal connectives is used in the corresponding Dutch sentences. Our results indicate that a set of semantic and syntactic features that include modality, semantics of referents (subjects), semantic class of the verbal predicate, tense (past vs. non-past) and the presence of evaluative adjectives, are reliable predictors of the more subjective and objective uses of because, demonstrating that this distinction can indeed be anchored in the immediate linguistic context. The proposed method and relevant contextual cues can be used for identification of objective and subjective relationships in discourse.
Asymmetries between interpretation and production in Catalan pronouns
Authors: Mayol Laia 
Published: October 2020

The literature on Romance null-subject languages has often postulated a division of labor between Null and Overt pronouns: Nulls prefer to retrieve an antecedent in subject position, whereas Overts prefer an antecedent in a lower syntactic position (Carminati, 2002). However, recent research on English pronouns (Rohde and Kehler, 2014) has shown grammatical function alone cannot explain pronoun interpretation. According to these models, pronoun interpretation and production are sensitive to different sets of factors and, instead of being mirror images of each other, are related probabilistically in a Bayesian fashion. This paper tests this model with Catalan data from two discourse-completion experiments to study the grammatical and pragmatic factors that affect the interpretation and production of Null and Overt pronouns. Our main result is that both Null and Overt pronouns present asymmetries regarding their interpretation and production: (1) the production of Null pronouns is affected mainly by grammatical factors (they are subject-biased), but their interpretation is also influenced by pragmatic factors (in particular, rhetorical relations), and (2) while Overt pronouns have a strong interpretation bias towards the object, the data indicates that they are not the preferred form to refer to the object.
Reasoning Between the Lines: a Logic of Relational Propositions
Authors: Potter Andrew 
Published: October 2020

This paper describes how Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) and relational propositions can be used to define a method for rendering and analyzing texts as expressions in propositional logic. Relational propositions, the implicit assertions that correspond to RST relations, are defined using standard logical operators and rules of inference. The resulting logical forms are used to construct logical expressions that map to RST tree structures. The resulting expressions show that inference is pervasive within coherent texts. To support reasoning over these expressions, a set of rules for negation is defined. The logical forms and their negation rules can be used to examine the flow of reasoning and the effects of incoherence. Because there is a correspondence between logical coherence and the functional relationships of RST, an RST analysis that cannot pass the test of logic is indicative either of a problematic analysis or of an incoherent text. The result is a method for analyzing the logic implicit within discursive reasoning.
Building Bridges among Bridge-Destroyers: Post-Conflict Interfaith Dialogue after the Bosnian War
Authors: Admirand Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFocusing on the Bosnian war (1992–1995), and its lingering consequences, this article turns to witness testimonies to situate and evaluate the place and value of interfaith dialogue in a post-conflict setting. It particularly focuses on the horror of neighbor killing neighbor, a seemingly intractable divide for any hope for future reconciliation and role for dialogue. To pave a way forward, this article assesses the aims and work of interfaith bodies and groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina seeking to establish peace and some form of interfaith and intercultural normalization after the Dayton Accords.
Selling and Saving Energy: Energy Efficiency Obligations in Liberalized Energy Markets
Authors: Giraudet Louis-Gaëtan , Glachant Matthieu , Nicolai Jean-Philippe 
Published: October 2020

In Europe, energy efficiency obligations are imposed on energy retailers competing in liberalized energy markets. They comply by subsidizing energy efficiency investments made by energy end-users from within or outside their customer base. We develop a model describing how competition in the energy market affects compliance strategies. We find that, instead of selecting the most cost-effective investments options, firms may either target their most elastic customers, which enables them to increase their retail price, or their competitor’s customers, which protects their sales. Allowing firms to trade obligations can restore cost-effectiveness, but reduces consumer surplus. Overall, the degree of flexibility that should be incorporated into such programs crucially depends on the degree of heterogeneity across investment costs and the relative weights governments assign to cost-effectiveness and consumer surplus.
Aquatic insects, a tool for monitoring the health of riverine ecosystem, a case study of Killiyar, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Authors: Lakshmi Jyothy , Abraham Kurian Mathew , Nandakumar S , Sanal Kumar M. G. 
Published: October 2020

Aquatic insects are used as model organisms for assessing the health status of lenthic or lotic ecosystems. Biomonitoring using entomological indicators is one of the widely accepted tools to analyze the impacts of sewages in aquatic environment. The present study was aimed to assess the health status of a semi urban river system, Killiyar using entomological indicators. Season wise sampling of aquatic insects was done at four selected segments according to the rapid bioassessment protocol recommended by Environmental Protection Agency. The present study could identify 29 families of aquatic insects for screening the levels of pollution in Killiyar. Family Biotic Index (FBI) showed that there was a remarkable variation in water quality along the river. Hilsenhoff’s family biotic index obtained for river origin was in the range 4.40 - 5.02 indicating excellent water quality. High value of family biotic index, least occurrence of intolerant groups and dominance of tolerant taxa in the midstream and downstream segments showed that increased contamination of water by various sources. Immediate attention is needed to cease the degradation of this precious ecosystem. Keywords: Aquatic insects, Biomonitoring, Family Biotic Index, Killiyar, Water pollution
The Biodiversity Status and Conservation Activities of Singra National Park (SNP) in the Link of Co-Management Strategy
Authors: Ali M. M. , Akter N. , Kabir M. R. , Hasan M. M. , Rahman M. M. , Bari M. S. 
Published: October 2020

This paper emphasizes the trend of biodiversity and their conservation strategy of Singra National Park (SNP), which is very well known for its characteristics as deciduous forest. Two types of studies were conducted: (i) Study of the vegetation composition and structure and (ii) conservation strategy of the Forest. In the first study, the diversity of plant (trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers) and animal (birds, amphibians, reptiles and mammals) species were measured. A stratified random quadrat method was employed to determine the floral diversity. A total of 32 plant species were recorded including 19 tree species, 5 herbs, 4 shrubs and four climbers. Inventory of fauna species was conducted using a combination of transect walk/ opportunistic and ethno zoological interview methods. Total 28 animal species were recorded of which 13 were birds, 3 were amphibians, 6 were reptiles and 6 were mammals. With regard to the quantitative attributes of total flora and fauna species, the highest number was found in trees (mean, 126.00) and the lowest number was found in mammals (mean, 7.00). The result showed very high significant variation among them. The second study examined the management of the forest, causes of biodiversity loss, administrative problems with management of wildlife. Data were collected from the SNPauthority and questionnaire survey among local people in the study area. It was evident from the study that the people around the forest collect forest flora and fauna illegally. The people are not aware of the importance of forest in various aspects like social, economic, ecological and environmental domains. Forest authorities are trying to involve the people in and around the forest to co-management for conservation and restoration of the forest.