bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S(O)MWCNT/modified Carbon Paste – A Non‐enzymatic Amperometric Sensor for Direct Determination of 6‐Mercaptopurine in Biological Fluids
Authors: Manasa G. , Raj Clinto , Satpati Ashis K , Mascarenhas Ronald J 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with strongly oxidized MWCNT (S(O)MWCNT) was developed as an efficient, economical, electrochemical sensor for the detection of 6‐mercaptopurine (6MP) with antineoplastic and immunosuppressive activities. However, this cytotoxic anticancer drug is associated with adverse side‐effects; hence 6MP determination becomes crucial. Drop‐cast‐coating was an effective strategy in the fabrication of S(O)MWCNT/MCPE to increase surface area. Electrochemical measurements were performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X‐ray (EDX) elucidated surface characteristics. With S(O)MWCNT's good conductive ability, we achieved rapid electron transfer that amplified 6MP anodic signal by 3.8 folds higher compared to bare CPE. Additionally, great consonance between CPE loaded with S(O)MWCNT yielded superior current response with decreased activation energy compared to S(O)MWCNT/modified glassy carbon electrode (S(O)MWCNT/MGCE). Under optimal conditions S(O)MWCNT/MCPE displayed a wide‐single‐linearity range from 1.0 to 100.0 μM with an excellent detection limit of 0.24 μM during amperometric quantification for the first time. It also exhibited good selectivity, after a series of common physiological interferents’ assessment. As a part of proof‐of‐concept, the proposed sensor was investigated in 6MP fortified human fluids, and the satisfactory recoveries obtained authenticated S(O)MWCNT/MCPE's accuracy and reliability for practical applicability.
Recent progress of two‐dimensional lead halide perovskite single crystals: Crystal growth, physical properties, and device applications
Authors: Di Jiayu , Chang Jingjing , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn recent years, research on organic‐inorganic lead halide two‐dimensional (2D) perovskites has been blossoming. 2D perovskites have completely different layered structures from three‐dimensional perovskites, with interleaved organic and inorganic layers, leading to 2D perovskite materials being more stable and possessing anisotropic electrical transport. Meanwhile, 2D organic‐inorganic lead halide perovskite single crystals are receiving increasing attention because of their remarkable properties, such as long charge carrier lifetime, low defect density, and high photoluminescence quantum yield, increasing their potential for optoelectronic applications. Previously, a series of material systems based 2D perovskites single crystals has been synthesized and applied in various device applications. In this review, the preparation methods of organic‐inorganic lead halide 2D perovskite single crystals, the growth principles, their photoelectric properties and several device applications are discussed.image
Psoriatic arthritis with skin lesions localized to the scalp: A case report
Authors: Akaishi Tetsuya , Yamasaki Kenshi , Mori Yu , Takahashi Toshiya , Izumiyama Takuya , Terui Hitoshi , Abe Michiaki , Takayama Shin , Aiba Setsuya , Ishii Tadashi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA 66‐year‐old man with a 2‐year history of suspected scalp eczema with excessive dandruff developed painful swollen joints in the extremities. Four months after developing polyarthritis and polydactylitis, eczema gradually spread to the face. He was referred to our hospital for intractable scalp and facial eczema and polyarthritis. Based on the appearance of the head and facial skin lesions, psoriasis was suspected. Treatment with apremilast (a phosphodiesterase‐4‐inhibitor) was initiated, which swiftly alleviated the skin lesions. The joint deformities persisted, but the pain in the joints disappeared. This case implies that psoriatic arthritis should be suspected even if psoriatic skin lesions are localized to the scalp.
Degron capability of the hydrophobic C‐terminus of the polyglutamine disease protein, ataxin‐3
Authors: Blount Jessica R. , Johnson Sean L. , Libohova Kozeta , Todi Sokol V. , Tsou Wei‐Ling 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAtaxin‐3 is a deubiquitinase and polyglutamine disease protein whose cellular properties and functions are not entirely understood. Mutations in ataxin‐3 cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), a neurodegenerative disorder that is a member of the polyglutamine family of diseases. Two major isoforms arise from alternative splicing of ATXN3 and are differently toxic in vivo as a result of faster proteasomal degradation of one isoform compared to the other. The isoforms vary only at their C‐termini, suggesting that the hydrophobic C‐terminus of the more quickly degraded form of ataxin‐3 (here referred to as isoform 2) functions as a degron—that is, a peptide sequence that expedites the degradation of its host protein. We explored this notion in this study and present evidence that: (a) the C‐terminus of ataxin‐3 isoform 2 signals its degradation in a proteasome‐dependent manner, (b) this effect from the C‐terminus of isoform 2 does not require the ubiquitination of ataxin‐3, and (c) the isolated C‐terminus of isoform 2 can enhance the degradation of an unrelated protein. According to our data, the C‐terminus of ataxin‐3 isoform 2 is a degron, increasing overall understanding of the cellular properties of the SCA3 protein.
From social activism to active socialization: The evolution of football ideology in community‐owned football clubs
Authors: Thomas Robert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCommunity‐owned clubs are profound socializing agents that offer children a prosocial environment that disarticulates some of football's most pernicious ideologies in favor of an environment that is developmental, empowering, and self‐affirming while facilitating self‐determination. The work highlights the evolution of community‐owned clubs from activist enclaves to virtuous, imperative environments that influence and transfer community‐bound knowledge. Children in the study articulated that the ethos found at these clubs has enhanced their self‐esteem and self‐efficacy and has positively changed their perceptions, behavior, and interactions with the vulnerable individuals within their community. In addition, the data reveals a new idealism in terms of football with self‐restraint and nominal consumption of club apparel preferred to traditional materialism.
MiR‐451a ameliorates alcoholic hepatitis via repressing HDAC8‐mediated proinflammatory response
Authors: Du Bo , Tan Xiao‐Hong , Cheng Ling , Wang Feng , Zhang Hai‐Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlcoholic hepatitis (AH) is identified as an inflammatory syndrome with high morbidity and mortality as a result of severe hepatocellular dysfunction and liver injury. Accumulated studies indicated that miRNAs are involved in AH. The potential effect of miR‐451a in AH mice was examined in the current study. A mice AH model was established and the miR‐451a expression in AH mice compared with the sham group was tested by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). AH mice were injected with pre‐miR‐451a lentivirus for miR‐451a overexpression and histone deacetylase (HDAC8) lentivirus for HDAC8 overexpression in AH mice. The underlying mechanisms were explored by searching the potential target genes of miR‐451a in miRanda database and then we confirmed this. We found that miR‐451a expression was significantly decreased in AH mice compared with the sham group. Moreover, miR‐451a overexpression alleviated alcohol‐induced liver inflammation and injuries of AH mice. Additionally, further mechanism exploration disclosed that HDAC8 was a target of miR‐451a. The protective effect of miR‐451a on AH in AH mice was abolished by HDAC8 overexpression. In summary, miR‐451a ameliorates AH via repressing HDAC8‐mediated proinflammatory response.
Dietary Antioxidants and Risk of Parkinson's Disease in the Singapore Chinese Health Study
Authors: Ying Ariel Fangting , Khan Shazma , Wu Ying , Jin Aizhen , Wong Aidan S.Y. , Tan Eng‐King , Yuan Jian‐Min , Koh Woon‐Puay , Tan Louis C.S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite experimental evidence implicating oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PD, epidemiological studies have provided inconsistent associations between dietary antioxidants and risk of developing PD. Furthermore, no study has been done in any Asian population.ObjectivesWe examined the associations for intake levels of dietary carotenoids (α‐carotene, β‐carotene, lycopene, β‐cryptoxanthin, and lutein) and vitamins (vitamin A, C and E) and the risk of developing PD.MethodsWe used data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population‐based prospective cohort of 63,257 men and women aged 45 to 74 years during enrollment in 1993–1998. Antioxidant intake was derived from a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Incident cases were identified through follow‐up interviews, hospital records, or PD registries through 31 July 2018. Hazard ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were derived from multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models with adjustment for other lifestyle and dietary factors.ResultsDuring an average 19.4 years of follow‐up, 544 incident PD cases were identified. No association was found for dietary carotenoids, individually or summed. Hazard ratio comparing highest to lowest quartile for total carotenoids was 0.98 (95% confidence interval: 0.76–1.28; Ptrend = 0.83). There were also no clear dose‐dependent associations of dietary vitamins A, C, and E with risk of developing PD (all Ptrend ≥ 0.10). Sensitive analyses with lag time and excluding supplement use did not materially alter results.ConclusionsIntake of dietary antioxidants, such as carotenoids and vitamins, was not associated with the risk of developing PD in Singaporean Chinese. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Job satisfaction among family nurses in Poland: A questionnaire‐based study
Authors: Kalinowska Paulina , Marcinowicz Ludmila 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo define the level of job satisfaction among Polish family nurses. Attempts were made to assess whether job satisfaction depends on the job location, form of employment, family structure and financial situation.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted among Polish family nurses who were professionally active in 2018.MethodA self‐administered questionnaire which included a standardized questionnaire “The Satisfaction with Job Scale” by A. M. Zalewska and our survey questionnaire was administered to 225 of participants (returned 220). The data were collected in 2018.ResultsOur study showed that the Polish family nurses are moderately satisfied with their job. A higher level of job satisfaction was reported by those family nurses with longer job seniority, those who were working in the country, those who were owners or co‐owners of a primary healthcare unit, those who were living in a complete family or as single and those who could afford to buy what they wanted and possessed savings.
Sandwiched polyimide‐composite separator for lithium‐ion batteries via electrospinning and electrospraying
Authors: Jaritphun Shayapat , Park Jun Seo , Chung Ok Hee , Nguyen Thuy Thi Thu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA novel type of sandwiched separator for lithium‐ion batteries has been developed by combining electrospinning and electrospraying techniques. This separator consists of three layers in which the top and bottom layers are prepared by electrospinning a poly(amic acid) ammonium salt (PAAS) solution and the middle layer is obtained by electrospraying a mixture of the PAAS solution and inorganic nanoparticles (SiO2 or Al2O3). Subsequently, the sandwiched separators are imidized at 250°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The morphology, porosity, thermal stability, mechanical strength, wettability and electrochemical performance of sandwiched separators were examined and the results were compared with those of a commercial separator (SV718). The thermal properties of the sandwiched separators and SV718 were determined using a thermal gravimetric analyzer and a differential scanning calorimeter. The sandwiched separators had no melting peak, whereas SV718 had a melting peak at 139°C, demonstrating the higher thermal stability of sandwiched separators. The electrolyte contact angles of sandwiched separators were around 11.5°, which were significantly lower than that of SV718. Moreover, the porosity and electrolyte uptake of sandwiched separators were over 81% and 910%, respectively, while those values of SV718 were 43% and 121%, respectively. The higher porosity, electrolyte uptake, and wettability of the sandwiched separators resulted in the better their cycling performance and higher specific‐discharge capabilities than SV718.
Convenient Assembly of Privileged (Hetero)Arene‐Fused Benzo[1.4]oxazepines via Two Tandem SNAr Events. Part 3 – (Hetero)arene‐Fused benzo[f]imidazo[1,2‐d][1,4]oxazepines
Authors: Dmitriev Viktor , Vedekhina Tatiana , Sapegin Alexander , Krasavin Mikhail 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA tandem approach to (hetero)arene‐fused benzo[f]imidazo[1,2‐d][1,4]oxazepines has been described which involves condensation of bis‐nucleophilic 2‐(2‐hydrohyaryl)imidazoles with reactivity‐matched o‐dihalo and o‐halonitro (hetero)aromatic substrates. The process is generally regioselective with respect to the unsymmetrically substituted imidazole ring and proceeds via two SNAr events (intermolecular first and then intramolecular) intermitted by a Smiles rearrangement. In some cases, the last SNAr step provides a rare example of nucleophilic displacement of a nitro group or a halogen in non‐activated positions of a (hetero)aromatic ring which does not require the use of a metal catalyst.
Pharmacological MRI responses of raclopride in rats: The relationship with D2 receptor occupancy and cataleptic behavior
Authors: Masaki Yukiko , Kashiwagi Yuto , Rokugawa Takemi , Ito Miwa , Iimori Hitoshi , Abe Kohji 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) allows the visualization of brain pharmacological effects of drugs using functional MRI (fMRI). phMRI can help us facilitate central nervous system (CNS) drug development. However, there have been few studies demonstrating the dose relationship of the fMRI response induced by CNS drugs to underlying target engagement or behavioral efficacy. To clarify these relationships, we examined receptor occupancy measurements using positron emission tomography (PET) (n = 3~5), fMRI (n = 5~8) and a cataleptic behavior (n = 6) with raclopride, a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist (8, 20, and 200 μg/kg) on Wistar rats. Dopamine D2 receptor occupancy was increased dose dependently by raclopride (41.8 ± 2.7%, 8 μg/kg; 64.9 ± 2.8%, 20 μg/kg; 83.1 ± 3.0%, 200 μg/kg). phMRI study revealed significant positive responses to raclopride at 200 μg/kg specifically in the striatum and nucleus accumbens, related to dopaminergic system. Slight fMRI responses were observed at 20 μg/kg in some areas corresponding to the striatum and nucleus accumbens. There were no noticeable fMRI responses at 8 μg/kg raclopride administration. Raclopride at 200 μg/kg significantly increased the cataleptic score, although, at 8 and 20 μg/kg, raclopride had no significant effects. These findings showed that raclopride‐induced fMRI responses were observed at doses inducing cataleptic behavior and high D2 receptor occupancy, suggesting that phMRI can be useful for dose selection in clinical trial as an evaluation method of brain activity, which reflects behavioral responses induced by target engagements.
Stem Cell Marker Expression in Early Stage Colorectal Cancer is Associated with Recurrent Intestinal Neoplasia
Authors: Walker Brett S. , Zarour Luai R. , Wieghard Nicole , Gallagher Alexandra C. , Swain John R. , Weinmann Sheila , Lanciault Christian , Billingsley Kevin , Tsikitis V. Liana , Wong Melissa H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) ranks second in cancer deaths worldwide and presents multiple management challenges, one of which is identifying high risk stage II disease that may benefit from adjuvant therapy. Molecular biomarkers, such as ones that identify stem cell activity, could better stratify high‐risk cohorts for additional treatment.MethodsTo identify possible biomarkers of high‐risk disease in early‐stage CRC, a discovery set (n = 66) of advanced‐stage tumors were immunostained with antibodies to stemness proteins (CD166, CD44, CD26, and LGR5) and then digitally analyzed. Using a second validation cohort (n = 54) of primary CRC tumors, we analyzed protein and gene expression of CD166 across disease stages, and extended our analyses to CD166‐associated genes (LGR5, ASCL2, BMI1, POSTN, and VIM) by qRT‐PCR.ResultsStage III and metastatic CRC tumors highly expressed stem cell‐associated proteins, CD166, CD44, and LGR5. When evaluated across stages, CD166 protein expression was elevated in advanced‐stage compared to early‐stage tumors. Notably, a small subset of stage I and II cancers harbored elevated CD166 protein expression, which correlated with development of recurrent cancer or adenomatous polyps. Gene expression analyses of CD166‐associated molecules revealed elevated ASCL2 in primary tumors from patients who recurred.ConclusionsWe identified a protein signature prognostic of aggressive disease in early stage CRC. Stem cell‐associated protein and gene expression identified a subset of early‐stage tumors associated with cancer recurrence and/or subsequent adenoma formation. Signatures for stemness offer promising fingerprints for stratifying early‐stage patients at high risk of recurrence.
Kingman’s Model with Random Mutation Probabilities: Convergence and Condensation II
Authors: Yuan Linglong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA generalisation of Kingman’s model of selection and mutation has been made in a previous paper which assumes all mutation probabilities to be i.i.d.. The weak convergence of fitness distributions to a globally stable equilibrium was proved. The condensation occurs if almost surely a positive proportion of the population travels to and condensates on the largest fitness value due to the dominance of selection over mutation. A criterion of condensation was given which relies on the equilibrium whose explicit expression is however unknown. This paper tackles these problems based on the discovery of a matrix representation of the random model. An explicit expression of the equilibrium is obtained and the key quantity in the condensation criterion can be estimated. Moreover we examine how the design of randomness in Kingman’s model affects the fitness level of the equilibrium by comparisons between different models. The discovered facts are conjectured to hold in other more sophisticated models.
Heavy metal pollution assessment in the groundwater of the Meghna Ghat industrial area, Bangladesh, by using water pollution indices approach
Authors: Rahman Mirza A. T. M. Tanvir , Paul Moutushi , Bhoumik Nikhil , Hassan Mahmud , Alam Md. Khorshed , Aktar Zakia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHeavy metal pollution in groundwater is a substantial environmental risk for Bangladesh. The Meghna Ghat industrial area in Bangladesh becomes a promising site for installing various industries for few decades. It was necessary to assess the heavy metal level in the groundwater of this area, and current study took the initiative. We collected 20 groundwater samples and tested pH, DO, TDS, EC, turbidity, COD, and DOC as well as four heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, and Ni) to calculate four water quality indices, i.e., water quality index (WQI), degree of contamination (DC), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), and heavy metal pollution index (HPI). Ni was too low to detect by the instrument, whereas the mean concentrations of Cr, Cd, and Pb were 0.07, 0.007, and 0.18 mg/L which exceeded the drinking water standards set by Bangladesh. According to the water quality indices, only 10% samples were good according to WQI; 30% and 15% samples were subjected to low level of pollution considering DC and HEI, respectively. Although according to HPI 35% samples were unsuitable for drinking, rest of the values were very close to characterize as unsuitable. Finally, we proposed two best-fitted models that can represent relationships between the metals and water quality indices. Water quality was comparatively better near the open spaces of the study area. The area needed to be under continuous monitoring for checking further pollution distribution.
Ileocecal valve syndrome and vitamin b12 deficiency after surgery: a multicentric prospective study
Authors: Germani Paola , Zucca Annalisa , Giudici Fabiola , Terranova Susanna , Troian Marina , Samardzic Natasa , Greco Marco , Janez Jurij , Gasparini Camilla , Cagnazzo Emanuela , Vignali Andrea , Giannone Codiglione Fabio , Armellini Andrea , Fumagalli Uberto Romario , Rosati Riccardo , Piccinni Giuseppe , Megevand Jacques , Tomazic Ales , Corcione Francesco , Palmisano Silvia , de Manzini Nicolò 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPatients undergoing colon resection are often concerned about their functional outcomes after surgery. The primary aim of this prospective, multicentric study was to assess the intestinal activity and health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) after ileocecal valve removal. The secondary aim was to evaluate any vitamin B12 deficiency. The study included patients undergoing right colectomy, extended right colectomy and ileocecal resection for either neoplastic or benign disease. Selected items of GIQLI and EORTC QLQ-CR29 questionnaires were used to investigate intestinal activity and HRQL before and after surgery. Blood samples for vitamin B12 level were collected before and during the follow-up period. The empirical rule effect size (ERES) method was used to explain the clinical effect of statistical results. Linear mixed effect (LME) model for longitudinal data was applied to detect the most important parameters affecting the total score. A total of 158 patients were considered. Applying the ERES method, the analysis of both questionnaires showed clinically and statistically significant improvement of HRQL at the end of the follow-up period. Applying the LME model, worsening of HRQL was correlated with female gender and ileum length when using GIQLI questionnaire, and with female gender, open approach, and advanced cancer stage when using the EORTC QLQ-CR29 questionnaire. No significant deficiency in vitamin B12 levels was observed regardless of the length of surgical specimen. In our series, no deterioration of HRQL and no vitamin B12 deficiency were found during the follow-up period. Nevertheless, warning patients about potential changes in bowel habits is mandatory. In our series, no deterioration of HRQL and no vitamin B12 deficiency were found during the follow-up period. Nevertheless, warning patients about potential changes in bowel habits is mandatory.
Successfully scaled solutions need not be homogenous
Authors: SOMAN DILIP , HOSSAIN TANJIM 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAl-Ubaydliet al.point out that many research findings experience a reduction in magnitude of treatment effects when scaled, and they make a number of proposals to improve the scalability of pilot project findings. While we agree that scalability is important for policy relevance, we argue that non-scalability does not always render a research finding useless in practice. Three practices ensuring (1) that the intervention is appropriate for the context; (2) that heterogeneity in treatment effects are understood; and (3) that the temptation to try multiple interventions simultaneously is avoided can allow us to customize successful policy prescriptions to specific real-world settings.