bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory anti ADAMTS13 antibodies with a new rapid fully automated CLiA assay
Authors: Montaruli Barbara , Novelli Chiara , Solfietti Laura , Valpreda Alessandra , Bazzan Mario , Luigi Andrea Beverina Ivo , Brando Bruno , Roccatello Dario , Cosseddu Domenico 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a life‐threatening disorder characterized by severe ADAMTS13 deficiency. The acquired form is associated with autoantibodies directed against ADAMTS13. Both noninhibitory and inhibitory autoantibodies can be detected by ELISA assay, while only inhibitory autoantibodies are detected by Bethesda assay. Due to its short TAT and good performance, chemiluminescence (CliA) ADAMTS13 activity (HemosIL Acustar) has proven to be a good choice in the diagnosis of TTP in emergency settings. Aim of this study was to analyse the performance of the CliA ADAMTS13 activity assay in detecting inhibitory ADAMTS13 antibodies using the Bethesda assay.MethodsA method comparison study was performed on 69 stored samples: 11 acute TTPs, 38 TTP follow‐ups, 5 TTP relapses, 1 congenital TTP, 10 HUS, 4 suspected TTPs. We retrieved the results of tests previously run in ELISA for both activity and autoantibodies. At the same time, we reran new tests including ELISA and CliA activity, ELISA autoantibodies, and ELISA and CliA Bethesda assays on thawed frozen samples.ResultsVery good correlation was observed between ELISA and CliA activity assay results (r = 0.96) and between archived ELISA and CliA activity results (r = 0.93). Agreement between the anti‐ADAMTS13 assays ranged from good (k = 0.63) to very good (k = 0.92).ConclusionsCliA and ELISA Bethesda assays showed very good agreement with samples run at the same time using ELISA ADAMTS13‐autoantibody assay. Albeit more expensive, the CliA Bethesda assay identified inhibitory anti‐ADAMTS13 within almost the same TAT as ELISA, but with better automation and limited operator involvement.
A machine‐learning based ConvLSTM architecture for NDVI forecasting
Authors: Ahmad Rehaan , Yang Brian , Ettlin Guillermo , Berger Andrés , Rodríguez‐Bocca Pablo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNormalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is an essential remote measurement for agricultural studies because of its strong correlation with crop growth and yield. Accurate and comprehensive NDVI forecasts thus provide effective future projections of crop yield for precise agricultural planning and budgeting. Previous recurrent neural network (RNN) based forecasting methodologies have only performed single‐pixel or large‐area‐average NDVI predictions. We present an alternative RNN‐based deep‐learning architecture, the convolutional long short‐term memory (ConvLSTM), to supply much more comprehensive and detailed NDVI forecasts. In this paper, a single ConvLSTM is capable of 10,000‐pixel field‐level NDVI predictions, providing a more practical methodology for agricultural producers than single‐pixel studies. We compare our model to the parametric crop growth model (PCGM), another multipixel field‐level NDVI forecasting technique. We test each model over the same set of soybean crop field pixels with the root mean square error (RMSE) metric. The training configuration of each model is defined by the number of seasons of historical data used for weight optimization. When the best training configuration of the model found is used, the ConvLSTM obtains an RMSE of 0.0782, outperforming the PCGM's RMSE of 0.0989 (an improvement of 0.0207 in precision represents a large gain in the accuracy of production volume prediction when projected into large production areas). Finally, by comparing the ConvLSTM predictions with the ground truth data over the entire target region rather than just the soybean crop pixels, we discover that the ConvLSTM can also predict NDVI values over the nonsoybean crop as effectively.
2020 European guideline on the management of syphilis
Authors: Janier M. , Unemo M. , Dupin N. , Tiplica G.S. , Potočnik M. , Patel R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe 2020 edition of the European guideline on the management of syphilis is an update of the 2014 edition.Main modifications and updates include:

The ongoing epidemics of early syphilis in Europe, particularly in men who have sex with men (MSM)
The development of dual treponemal and non‐treponemal point‐of‐care (POC) tests
The progress in non‐treponemal test (NTT) automatization
The regular episodic shortage of benzathine penicillin G (BPG) in some European countries
The exclusion of azithromycin as an alternative treatment at any stage of syphilis
The pre‐exposure or immediate post‐exposure prophylaxis with doxycycline in populations at high risk of acquiring syphilis.
Preprint manuscripts and servers in the era of coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Nabavi Nouri Shayan , Cohen Yosef A. , Madhavan Mahesh V. , Slomka Piotr J. , Iskandrian Ami E. , Einstein Andrew J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRationale, Aims, and ObjectivesTo both examine the impact of preprint publishing on health sciences research and survey popular preprint servers amidst the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodsThe authors queried three biomedical databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) and two preprint servers (MedRxiv and SSRN) to identify literature pertaining to preprints. Additionally, they evaluated 12 preprint servers featuring COVID‐19 research through sample submission of six manuscripts.ResultsThe realm of health sciences research has seen a dramatic increase in the presence and importance of preprint publications. By posting manuscripts on preprint servers, researchers are able to immediately communicate their findings, thereby facilitating prompt feedback and promoting collaboration. In doing so, they may also reduce publication bias and improve methodological transparency. However, by circumventing the peer‐review process, academia incurs the risk of disseminating erroneous or misinterpreted data and suffering the downstream consequences. Never have these issues been better highlighted than during the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. Researchers have flooded the literature with preprint publications as stopgaps to meet the desperate need for knowledge about the disease. These unreviewed articles initially outnumbered those published in conventional journals and helped steer the mainstream scientific community at the start of the pandemic. In surveying select preprint servers, the authors discovered varying usability, review practices, and acceptance polices.ConclusionWhile vital in the rapid dispensation of science, preprint manuscripts promulgate their conclusions without peer review and possess the capacity to misinform. Undoubtedly part of the future of science, conscientious consumers will need to appreciate not only their utility, but also their limitations.
The Transition to Fatherhood and the Health of Men
Authors: Torche Florencia , Rauf Tamkinat 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the impact of fatherhood on diverse health behaviors and outcomes among a representative sample of Millennial men in the United States.BackgroundMuch research explores the consequences of parenthood for women, but less is known about health outcomes and trajectories of men who become fathers. Theoretical approaches suggest both health‐enhancing changes driven by social control and a new father identity, and health‐decreasing changes driven by the costs and burdens of fatherhood.MethodThe NLSY97 longitudinal survey and a battery of novel fixed effects models are used to identify the consequences of paternity on diverse health outcomes, controlling for selectivity based on unobserved characteristics and unobserved trajectories of men who become fathers and accounting for heterogeneity of effects.ResultsBecoming a father induces weight gain and a decline in self‐reported health, but reduces alcohol consumption. Effects on weight and alcohol use varied across strata defined by race and education, but changes in self‐reported health were consistent across sub‐groups.ConclusionThe transition to fatherhood induces changes in health outcomes and behaviors that are both positive and negative. These consequences are not transitory. Rather, they persist over men's early adulthood.ImplicationsFatherhood induces health‐related changes that endure over the first years after becoming a father, and which may contribute to morbidity and mortality in late adulthood.
Elevated rates of positive selection drive the evolution of pestiferousness in the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Say)
Authors: Cohen Zachary P. , Brevik Kristian , Chen Yolanda H. , Hawthorne David J. , Weibel Benjamin D. , Schoville Sean D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractContextualizing evolutionary history and identifying genomic features of an insect that might contribute to its pest status is important in developing early detection and control tactics. In order to understand the evolution of pestiferousness, which we define as the accumulation of traits that contribute to an insect population's success in an agroecosystem, we tested the importance of known genomic properties associated with rapid adaptation in the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. Within the leaf beetle genus Leptinotarsa, only CPB, and a few populations therein, has risen to pest status on cultivated nightshades, Solanum. Using whole genomes from ten closely related Leptinotarsa species native to the United States, we reconstructed a high‐quality species tree and used this phylogenetic framework to assess evolutionary patterns in four genomic features of rapid adaptation: standing genetic variation, gene family expansion and contraction, transposable element abundance and location, and positive selection at protein‐coding genes. Throughout approximately 20 million years of history, Leptinotarsa species show little evidence of gene family turnover and transposable element variation. However, there is a clear pattern of CPB experiencing higher rates of positive selection on protein‐coding genes. We determine that these rates are associated with greater standing genetic variation due to larger effective population size, which supports the theory that the demographic history contributes to rates of protein evolution. Furthermore, we identify a suite of coding genes under positive selection that are putatively associated with pestiferousness in the Colorado potato beetle lineage. They are involved in the biological processes of xenobiotic detoxification, chemosensation and hormone function.
Brazilian nurses' concept of religion, religiosity, and spirituality: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Cunha Vivian F. da , Pillon Sandra C. , Zafar Shazia , Wagstaff Christopher , Scorsolini‐Comin Fabio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEvidence points toward the impact of nurses' personal views and knowledge about religion, religiosity, and spirituality on health care. This qualitative research investigates nurses' concepts of religion, religiosity, and spirituality and how they use these concepts in practice. Thirty‐four nurses were interviewed at a hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Content analysis was used to organize and code the results. Three main themes generated from the interviews were (i) religiosity/spirituality as an important dimension in life; (ii) notions of religiosity and spirituality; (iii) formal knowledge of the concept of religion, religiosity, and spirituality. The results indicate that religion, religiosity and spirituality should be incorporated into nurse training to improve the comprehension and competence of nurses in these areas of practice. It is recommended that to ensure holistic and person‐centered care, there must be constant reflection on these concepts.
Esophagogastric junction morphology and contractile integral on high‐resolution manometry in asymptomatic healthy volunteers: An international multicenter study
Authors: Rogers Benjamin D. , Rengarajan Arvind , Abrahao Luiz , Bhatia Shobna , Bor Serhat , Carlson Dustin A. , Cisternas Daniel , Gonlachanvit Sutep , Hani Albis , Hayat Jamal , Kawamura Osamu , Lee Yeung Yeh , Leguizamo Ana Maria , Pauwels Ans , Perez de la Serna Julio , Ramos Rosa I. , Remes‐Troche Jose Maria , Roman Sabine , Savarino Edoardo , Serra Jordi , Sifrim Daniel , Tolone Salvatore , Wong Zhiqin , Zerbib Frank , Pandolfino John , Gyawali C. Prakash 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEsophagogastric junction contractile integral (EGJ‐CI) and EGJ morphology are high‐resolution manometry (HRM) metrics that assess EGJ barrier function. Normative data standardized across world regions and HRM manufacturers are limited.MethodsOur aim was to determine normative EGJ metrics in a large international cohort of healthy volunteers undergoing HRM (Medtronic, Laborie, and Diversatek software) acquired from 16 countries in four world regions. EGJ‐CI was calculated by the same two investigators using a distal contractile integral‐like measurement across the EGJ for three respiratory cycles and corrected for respiration (mm Hg cm), using manufacturer‐specific software tools. EGJ morphology was designated according to Chicago Classification v3.0. Median EGJ‐CI values were calculated across age, genders, HRM systems, and regions.ResultsOf 484 studies (28.0 years, 56.2% F, 60.7% Medtronic studies, 26.0% Laborie, and 13.2% Diversatek), EGJ morphology was type 1 in 97.1%. Median EGJ‐CI was similar between Medtronic (37.0 mm Hg cm, IQR 23.6‐53.7 mm Hg cm) and Diversatek (34.9 mm Hg cm, IQR 22.1‐56.1 mm Hg cm, P = 0.87), but was significantly higher using Laborie equipment (56.5 mm Hg cm, IQR 35.0‐75.3 mm Hg cm, P < 0.001). 5th percentile EGJ‐CI values ranged from 6.9 to 12.1 mm Hg cm. EGJ‐CI values were consistent across world regions, but different between manufacturers even within the same world region (P ≤ 0.001). Within Medtronic studies, EGJ‐CI and basal LESP were similar in younger and older individuals (P ≥ 0.3) but higher in women (P < 0.001).ConclusionsEGJ morphology is predominantly type 1 in healthy adults. EGJ‐CI varies widely in health, with significant gender influence, but is consistent within each HRM system. Manufacturer‐specific normative values should be utilized for clinical HRM interpretation.
Multicolor sparse viral labeling and 3D digital tracing of enteric plexus in mouse proximal colon using a novel adeno‐associated virus capsid
Authors: Wang Lixin , Challis Collin , Li Songlin , Fowlkes Charless C. , Ravindra Kumar Sripriya , Yuan Pu‐Qing , Taché Yvette F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous administration of adeno‐associated virus (AAV) can be used as a noninvasive approach to trace neuronal morphology and links. AAV‐PHP.S is a variant of AAV9 that effectively transduces the peripheral nervous system. The objective was to label randomly and sparsely enteric plexus in the mouse colon using AAV‐PHP.S with a tunable two‐component multicolor vector system and digitally trace individual neurons and nerve fibers within microcircuits in three dimensions (3D).MethodsA vector system including a tetracycline inducer with a tet‐responsive element driving three separate fluorophores was packaged in the AAV‐PHP.S capsid. The vectors were injected retro‐orbitally in mice, and the colon was harvested 3 weeks after. Confocal microscopic images of enteric plexus were digitally segmented and traced in 3D using Neurolucida 360, neuTube, or Imaris software.Key ResultsThe transduction of multicolor AAV vectors induced random sparse spectral labeling of soma and neurites primarily in the myenteric plexus of the proximal colon, while neurons in the submucosal plexus were occasionally transduced. Digital tracing in 3D showed various types of wiring, including multiple conjunctions of one neuron with other neurons, neurites en route, and endings; clusters of neurons in close apposition between each other; axon–axon parallel conjunctions; and intraganglionic nerve endings consisting of multiple nerve endings and passing fibers. Most of digitally traced neuronal somas were of small or medium in size.Conclusions & InferencesThe multicolor AAV‐PHP.S‐packaged vectors enabled random sparse spectral labeling and revealed complexities of enteric microcircuit in the mouse proximal colon. The techniques can facilitate digital modeling of enteric micro‐circuitry.
Two homologous LHY pairs negatively control soybean drought tolerance by repressing the abscisic acid responses
Authors: Wang Kai , Bu Tiantian , Cheng Qun , Dong Lidong , Su Tong , Chen Zimei , Kong Fanjiang , Gong Zhizhong , Liu Baohui , Li Meina 
Published: October 2020

Summary

The circadian clock plays essential roles in diverse plant biological processes, such as flowering, phytohormone biosynthesis and abiotic stress responses. The manner in which circadian clock genes regulate drought stress responses in model plants has been well established, but comparatively little is known in crop species, such as soybean, a major global crop. This paper reports that the core clock components GmLHYs, the orthologues of CCA1/LHY in Arabidopsis, negatively control drought tolerance in soybean.

The expressions of four GmLHYs were all induced by drought, and the quadruple mutants of GmLHYs demonstrated significantly improved drought tolerance. Transcriptome profiling suggested that the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway is regulated by GmLHYs to respond to drought tolerance.

Genetic dissections showed that two homologous pairs of LHY1a and LHY1b redundantly control the drought response. Functional characterization of LHY1a and LHY1b in Arabidopsis and soybean further supported the notion that GmLHYs can maintain cellular homeostasis through the ABA signaling pathway under drought stress.

This study improves our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms on soybean drought tolerance. Furthermore, the two homologues of LHY1a and LHY1b provide alternative targets for genome editing to rapidly generate mutant alleles in elite soybean cultivars to enhance their drought tolerance.
Contribution of anthropogenic CO2 in China to global radiative forcing and its offset by the ecosystem during 2000–2015
Authors: Li Nan , Cui Yaoping , Fu Yiming , Liu Xiaoyan , Run Yadi , Li Mengdi , Chen Liangyu , Xia Haoming , Lu Heli 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs the world's largest developing country, quantifying China's CO2 contribution to global warming is important for assessing the climate effects of anthropogenic and natural factors. We used global CO2 assimilation data from 2000 to 2015 and a carbon–climate parameterized scheme to analyze anthropogenic carbon emissions and their climatic effects while considering the climate effects of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink. Three results are notable: (1) From 2000 to 2015, global anthropogenic emissions increased from 2.48 to 3.45 mol m−2, and net emission (sum of anthropogenic and natural emissions) rose from 1.24 to 2.51 mol m−2; China's contribution of anthropogenic emissions to global anthropogenic emission was 34.78% and to net emission 39.65%. (2) By 2015, radiative forcing (RF) caused by CO2 absorption in the global terrestrial ecosystem was −0.18 Wm−2, and this offset accounts for 30.96% of the warming effect of global anthropogenic carbon emissions; in China, RF caused by the terrestrial ecosystem was −0.04 Wm−2, and this offset accounts for 20.27% of the warming effect of China's anthropogenic carbon emissions. (3) Using CO2 assimilation data and sectoral inventory data, China's contribution of carbon emissions to global RF was 10.02% and 9.73%, respectively, and China's contribution of net RF to global RF was 7.93%. Our findings highlight the importance of ecosystems on mitigating climate warming.
Exogenous abscisic acid and jasmonic acid restrain polyethylene glycol‐induced drought by improving the growth and antioxidative enzyme activities in pearl millet
Authors: Awan Samrah A. , Khan Imran , Rizwan Muhammad , Zhang Xinquan , Brestic Marian , Khan Aaqil , El‐Sheikh Mohamed A. , Alyemeni Mohammed N. , Ali Shafaqat , Huang Linkai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDrought stress is one of the most immense and permanent constraints in agriculture, which leads to a massive loss of crop productivity. However, little is known about the mitigation role of exogenously applied abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) under PEG‐induced drought stress. Therefore, the current study investigated the putative role of exogenous ABA and JA in improving drought stress tolerance in pearl millet. Thirteen‐day‐old seedlings were exposed to six different treatments as follow; control (ck), PEG‐600 (20%), JA (100 μM), ABA (100 μM), PEG+JA, and PEG+ABA, and data were collected at 7 and 14 days after treatment (DAT). Results showed that PEG decreased plant growth while the oxidative damage increased due to over production of H2O2 and MDA content as a result of decreased activities of the antioxidative enzymes including APX, CAT, and SOD in the leaves. However, exogenous ABA and JA positively enhanced the growth profile of seedlings by improving chlorophyll and relative water content under PEG treatment. A significant improvement was observed in the plant defense system resulting from increased activities of antioxidative enzymes due to exogenous ABA and JA under PEG. Overall, the performance of JA was found better than ABA under PEG‐induced drought stress, and future investigations are needed to explore the potential effects of these phytohormones on the long‐term crop management and productivity under drought stress.
Peritoneal dialysis patient selection from a comorbidity perspective
Authors: Eroglu Eray , Heimbürger Olof , Lindholm Bengt 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite many medical and socioeconomic advantages, peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an underutilized dialysis modality that in most countries is used by only 5%–20% of dialysis patients, while the vast majority are treated with in‐center hemodialysis. Several factors may explain this paradox, such as lack of experience and infrastructure for training and monitoring of PD patients, organizational issues, overcapacity of hemodialysis facilities, and lack of economic incentives for dialysis centers to use PD instead of HD. In addition, medical conditions that are perceived (rightly or wrongly) as contraindications to PD represent barriers for the use of PD because of their purported potential negative impact on clinical outcomes in patients starting PD. While there are few absolute contraindications to PD, high age, comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, polycystic kidney disease, heart failure, and previous history of abdominal surgery and renal allograft failure, may be seen (rightly or wrongly) as relative contraindications and thus barriers to initiation of PD. In this brief review, we discuss how the presence of these conditions may influence the strategy of selecting patients for PD, focusing on measures that can be taken to overcome potential problems.
Work–family balance in the second half of life: Caregivers' decisions regarding retirement and working time reduction in Europe
Authors: Bertogg Ariane , Nazio Tiziana , Strauss Susanne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article investigates how different types of informal caregiving – upward, lateral and downward – impact men's and women's decisions to retire or to reduce their working hours, and how welfare policy characteristics moderate the linkage between informal care provision and employment participation. The analyses are based on six waves from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). We exploit the data's longitudinal structure by applying fixed‐effects regression models with lagged, time‐varying country characteristics. The results show that, in most cases, upward caregiving to parents is less relevant for deciding to remain in the labour market than lateral care (especially to siblings, friends and neighbours) and downward grandchild care. The welfare context moderates the impact of caregiving on labour market participation, with variation between the different types of care provided.