bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical Functional Covariance Connectivity Between Gray and White Matter in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Chen Heng , Long Jinjin , Yang Shanshan , He Bifang 
Published: November 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a type of neurodevelopmental disorder with atypical gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) functional developmental course. However, the functional co‐developmental pattern between GM and WM in ASD is unclear. Here, we utilized a functional covariance connectivity method to explore the concordance pattern between GM and WM function in individuals with ASD. A multi‐center resting‐state fMRI dataset composed of 105 male children with ASD and 102 well‐matched healthy controls (HCs) from six sites of the ABIDE dataset was utilized. GM and WM ALFF maps were calculated for each subject. Voxel by voxel functional covariance connectivity of the ALFF values across subjects was calculated between GM and WM for children with ASD and HCs. A Z‐test combining FDR multi‐comparison correction was then employed to determine whether the functional covariance is significantly different between the two groups. A “bundling” strategy was utilized to ensure that the GM/WM clusters showing atypical functional covariance were larger than 5 voxels. Finally, canonical correlation analysis was conducted to explore whether the atypical GM/WM functional covariance is related to ASD symptoms. Results showed atypical functional covariance connections between specific GM and WM regions, whereas the ALFF values of these regions indicated no significant difference between the two groups. Canonical correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between the atypical functional covariance and stereotyped behaviors of ASD. The results indicated an altered functional co‐developmental pattern between WM and GM in ASD.Lay SummaryWhite matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) are two major human brain organs supporting brain function. WM and GM functions show a specific co‐developmental pattern in typical developed individuals. This study showed that this GM/WM co‐developmental pattern was altered in children with ASD, while this altered GM/WM co‐developmental pattern was related to stereotyped behaviors. These findings may help understand the GM/WM functional development of ASD.
Impact of non‐CNS childhood cancer on resting‐state connectivity and its association with cognition
Authors: Spitzhüttl Janine S. , Kronbichler Martin , Kronbichler Lisa , Benzing Valentin , Siegwart Valerie , Pastore‐Wapp Manuela , Kiefer Claus , Slavova Nedelina , Grotzer Michael , Roebers Claudia M. , Steinlin Maja , Leibundgut Kurt , Everts Regula 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionNon‐central nervous system cancer in childhood (non‐CNS CC) and its treatments pose a major threat to brain development, with implications for functional networks. Structural and functional alterations might underlie the cognitive late‐effects identified in survivors of non‐CNS CC. The present study evaluated resting‐state functional networks and their associations with cognition in a mixed sample of non‐CNS CC survivors (i.e., leukemia, lymphoma, and other non‐CNS solid tumors).MethodsForty‐three patients (off‐therapy for at least 1 year and aged 7–16 years) were compared with 43 healthy controls matched for age and sex. High‐resolution T1‐weighted structural magnetic resonance and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging were acquired. Executive functions, attention, processing speed, and memory were assessed outside the scanner.ResultsCognitive performance was within the normal range for both groups; however, patients after CNS‐directed therapy showed lower executive functions than controls. Seed‐based connectivity analyses revealed that patients exhibited stronger functional connectivity between fronto‐ and temporo‐parietal pathways and weaker connectivity between parietal‐cerebellar and temporal‐occipital pathways in the right hemisphere than controls. Functional hyperconnectivity was related to weaker memory performance in the patients' group.ConclusionThese data suggest that even in the absence of brain tumors, non‐CNS CC and its treatment can lead to persistent cerebral alterations in resting‐state network connectivity.
Developing theory from practice: A case study in civil engineering airport design problem‐based learning
Authors: Pasandín Ana M. R. , Pérez Ignacio P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn Spain, the students of the Master of Sciences (MSc) level in Civil Engineering have competencies in airport design, construction, conservation, and exploitation. Considering the need for improving the knowledge of these students in this area, the School of Civil Engineering of A Coruña implemented in the subject of Infrastructure of Roads and Airports (ICA) a brief workshop on airport design. This paper presents a case study in which problem‐based learning techniques were applied in this airport design workshop. To promote the students' interaction and improve their social skills, the workshop activities were conducted as onsite tasks. The workshop starting point was an individual real case of airport runway design. Master classes, practical lessons, private tutoring, specific software, audio‐visual material, and supporting documentation posted on the ICA Moodle site were used as teaching and learning resources. In particular, an analysis of the basic International Civil Aviation Organization standards on airport design was used by the students to solve their problem. In addition, for the design of the runway orientation, the ICA students used both the Federal Aviation Administration's WindRose computer online application and the traditional manual method. The results of both methods were critically compared. The high level of satisfaction indicated by the survey conducted at the end of the subject indicated the success of this teaching and learning methodology.
The experience of living with very high empathy: A critical realist, pragmatic approach to exploring objective and subjective layers of the phenomenon
Authors: Leonard Sally Rachel Kate , Willig Carla 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims/objectivesCombining mixed methods in a pragmatic way, this research attempts to address the research question without being limited by methods’ philosophical and methodological constraints, which have traditionally separated quantitative and qualitative research. High empathy (HE) has been largely unexamined, considered an adaptive female skill facilitating interpersonal relationships. This research aims to contribute to the gap in research regarding the lived experience of HE.Methodology/methodWithin the critical realist paradigm, the Empathy Quotient (EQ) was used online to select the first eight participants who scored over 70/80 (average male score = 41/80, average female = 47/80). They were invited to a 90‐min interview, transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (Smith, Flowers, & Larkin, 2009). Participants were women aged 25 to 68 years.Results/findingsUsing the EQ followed by IPA, we were able to significantly contribute to the existing research and theory, for example empathising‐systemising theory, mirror‐sensory synaesthesia, emotional intelligence, social intelligence, compassion fatigue, burnout, pathological altruism and compulsive caregiving syndrome.Discussion/conclusionsHE is not simply an adaptive and socially beneficial skill as previously thought, nor is it pathological in itself. HE presented as significantly impacting intrapersonal and interpersonal processes sometimes for benefit within both the professional and personal realms but often with negative impact. Healthy management consists of clear boundaries between self/other and mature skills of emotional regulation lessening empathic distress (Pathological Altruism, 2012) allowing for empathic concern and feelings of emotional self‐esteem, in what participants termed ‘empathic wisdom’.
Nonprofit organization advertising on social media: The role of personality, advertising appeals, and bandwagon effects
Authors: Lim Hayoung Sally , Bouchacourt Lindsay , Brown‐Devlin Natalie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe current study aims to explore the role of personality in a nonprofit organization's advertisement on social media and how it influences two advertising components: the types of advertising appeal and social media metrics. A 2 (emotional vs. rational appeal) × 2 (high vs. low social media metrics) full‐factorial experiment was conducted. We found the positive effects of specific personality traits on attitude toward the ad and donation intention; the six HEXACO personality traits were positively related to attitude toward the ad, whereas Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness to experience were the only traits positively related to donation intention. There was no interaction effect of the personality traits and the type of advertising appeal. We also found that Conscientiousness had a moderating role on the bandwagon effect of social media metrics, such that the bandwagon effects of social media metrics on the attitude toward the ad and donation intentions were only significant for participants with moderate (M) Conscientiousness and high (M + 1SD) Conscientiousness. Our findings will contribute to providing practical insights for how to design an effective nonprofit advertisement on social media as well as filling the gap in the literature on nonprofit advertising and personality.
Efficient and Short Method for Conjugation of 1‐Nitro‐9‐Aminoacridine to Important Peptidyl Fragments by a Solid Support Synthesis
Authors: Lahutta Monika 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe efficient and short techniques for conjugation of 9‐aminoacridine with different peptidyl fragments are necessary for the development of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). They need to be adopted to generate a new branch of acridine conjugates, enhancing their bioavailability for the examination in biological systems. The branch of developing acridine conjugates, built via different linkers and synthesized in this study, are expected as potential effective chemotherapeutics with dual mechanism of action. Recently, the methodology based on a solid‐phase technique has been successfully demonstrated in preparing a number of promising compounds. However, the reaction conditions for amide bond formation between 1‐nitro‐9‐aminoacridine and peptidyl fragments need to be optimized. In this study, the optimization of amide bond formation was demonstrated with the use of the solid‐phase synthesis to build a new promising group of 1‐nitro‐9‐aminoacridines conjugated to lactoferrin fragments via especially carboxy linker length.
Diterpenoids from the Whole Plants of Ajuga nipponensis and Their Inhibition of RANKL‐Induced Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Wang Haijuan , Teng Xifeng , Zhang Yuting , Gu Qiong , He Lin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo new diterpenoids, ajudecunoid A (1) and ajudecunoid B (14), along with thirteen known diterpenoids, were isolated from the whole plants of Ajuga nipponensis Makino. Their structures were elucidated by the extensive spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, MS, and NMR). The absolute configurations of ajudecunoid A (1) and ajudecunoid B (14) were defined through analysis of X‐ray crystallography. Fifteen compounds were evaluated for inhibition of the formation of osteoclasts in bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMM) cells. Two neo‐clerodane diterpenoids ajuganipponin B (5) and (12S)‐6α,19‐diacetoxy‐18‐chloro‐4α‐hydroxy‐12‐tigloyloxy‐neo‐clerod‐13‐en‐15,16‐olide (12) showed significant inhibition of osteoclastogenesis with IC50 values of 0.88 and 0.79 μM, respectively. Here we firstly reported diterpenoids with anti‐osteoclastogenesis activity from A. nipponensis.
Chemical Translational Biology: Redefining Druggability of Protein‐Protein Interactions
Authors: Cesa Laura C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChemical biologists use chemical tools to answer biological questions. The translational application of these principles has led to an explosion in the discovery and druggability of new protein targets, including protein‐protein interactions (PPIs). Proteins tend to interact with other macromolecules using relatively large and featureless binding surfaces, which has hampered traditional drug discovery efforts, particularly for interactions with weaker affinity. In this article, I discuss several emerging strategies for targeting PPIs, including computational and structural methods and novel screening approaches. In particular, I focus on hijacking intrinsic protein allosteric pathways for the discovery and design of small‐molecule and peptide ligands.
Site‐Specific Antibody Fragment Conjugates for Reversible Staining in Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Schwach Jonathan , Kolobynina Ksenia , Brandstetter Katharina , Gerlach Marcus , Ochtrop Philipp , Helma Jonas , Hackenberger Christian P. R. , Harz Hartmann , Cardoso M. Cristina , Leonhardt Heinrich , Stengl Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAntibody conjugates have taken a great leap forward as tools in basic and applied molecular life sciences that was enabled by the development of chemoselective reactions for the site‐specific modification of proteins. Antibody‐oligonucleotide conjugates combine the antibody's target specificity with the reversible, sequence‐encoded binding properties of oligonucleotides like DNAs or peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), allowing sequential imaging of large numbers of targets in a single specimen. In this report, we use the Tub‐tag® technology in combination with Cu‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition for the site‐specific conjugation of single DNA and PNA strands to an eGFP‐binding nanobody. We show binding of the conjugate to recombinant eGFP and subsequent sequence‐specific annealing of fluorescently labelled imager strands. Furthermore, we reversibly stain eGFP‐tagged proteins in human cells, thus demonstrating the suitability of our conjugation strategy to generate antibody‐oligonucleotides for reversible immunofluorescence imaging.
Development of the First Potential Nonpeptidic Positron Emission Tomography Tracer for the Imaging of CCR2 Receptors
Authors: Wagner Stefan , de Moura Gatti Fernando , Silva Daniel G. , Ortiz Zacarias Natalia V. , Zweemer Annelien J. M. , Hermann Sven , De Maria Monica , Koch Michael , Weiss Christina , Schepmann Dirk , Heitman Laura H. , Tschammer Nuska , Kopka Klaus , Junker Anna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHerein we report the design and synthesis of a series of highly selective CCR2 antagonists as 18F‐labeled PET tracers. The derivatives were evaluated extensively for their off‐target profile at 48 different targets. The most potent and selective candidate was applied in vivo in a biodistribution study, demonstrating a promising profile for further preclinical development. This compound represents the first potential nonpeptidic PET tracer for the imaging of CCR2 receptors.
Defining the role of neoadjuvant systemic therapy in high‐risk retroperitoneal sarcoma: A multi‐institutional study from the Transatlantic Australasian Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Working Group
Authors: Tseng William W. , Barretta Francesco , Conti Lorenzo , Grignani Giovanni , Tolomeo Francesco , Albertsmeier Markus , Angele Martin K. , Rutkowski Piotr , Skoczylas Jacek , De Paoli Antonino , Navarria Federico , Raut Chandrajit P. , Fairweather Mark , Farma Jeffrey M. , Nessim Carolyn , Goel Neha , Grignol Valerie P. , Ford Samuel J. , Cardona Kenneth , Subhawong Ty , Tattersall Hannah L. , Lee Rachel M. , Hu James S. , von Mehren Margaret , Sanfilippo Roberta , Gronchi Alessandro 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundIn patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS), the incidence of recurrence after surgery remains high. Novel treatment approaches are needed. This retrospective study evaluated patients with primary, high‐risk RPS who received neoadjuvant systemic therapy followed by surgery to 1) determine the frequency and potential predictors of radiologic tumor responses and 2) assess clinical outcomes.MethodsClinicopathologic data were collected for eligible patients treated at 13 sarcoma referral centers from 2008 to 2018. Univariable and multivariable logistic models were performed to assess the association between clinical predictors and response. Overall survival (OS) and crude cumulative incidences of local recurrence and distant metastasis were compared.ResultsData on 158 patients were analyzed. A median of 3 cycles of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (interquartile range, 2‐4 cycles) were given. The regimens were mostly anthracycline based; however, there was significant heterogeneity. No patients demonstrated a complete response, 37 (23%) demonstrated a partial response (PR), 88 (56%) demonstrated stable disease, and 33 (21%) demonstrated progressive disease (PD) according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1. Only a higher number of cycles given was positively associated with PR (P = .005). All patients underwent complete resection, regardless of the tumor response. Overall, patients whose tumors demonstrated PD before surgery showed markedly worse OS (P = .005). An indication of a better clinical outcome was seen in specific regimens given for grade 3 dedifferentiated liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma.ConclusionsIn patients with high‐risk RPS, the response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy is fair overall. Disease progression on therapy may be used to predict survival after surgery. Subtype‐specific regimens should be further validated.
Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Ertugliflozin in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Fediuk Daryl J. , Zhou Susan , Dawra Vikas Kumar , Sahasrabudhe Vaishali , Sweeney Kevin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractErtugliflozin is a selective sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor approved as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model was developed to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ertugliflozin and quantify the influence of intrinsic (eg, body weight, age, sex, race, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], T2DM) and extrinsic (eg, food) covariates on the PK parameters of ertugliflozin. The analysis was conducted using data from 15 clinical studies (phases 1‐3) enrolling healthy subjects and patients with T2DM, which included 13,691 PK observations from 2276 subjects and was performed using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling. A 2‐compartment popPK model with first‐order absorption and a lag time and first‐order elimination, described the plasma concentration–time profile of ertugliflozin after single and multiple dosing in healthy subjects and in patients with T2DM. Apparent clearance increased with increasing body weight and eGFR, was slightly lower in patients with T2DM and females, and was slightly higher in Asians. Apparent central volume of distribution increased with increasing body weight and was higher in females and Asians. Administration of ertugliflozin with food decreased the absorption rate constant (ka) and relative bioavailability (F1) compared with fasted. When ertugliflozin was administered without regard to food, estimates of ka and F1 were similar to those for administration with food. The popPK model successfully characterized ertugliflozin exposure in healthy subjects and patients with T2DM. None of the covariates evaluated had a clinically relevant effect on ertugliflozin PK.
Supramolecular Ladder Assemblies as a Model for Probing Electronic Interactions between Multiple Stacked π‐Conjugated Systems
Authors: Huang Chi‐Huao , Jardel Damien , Lautrette Guillaume , Pianet Isabelle , Kuhn Alexander , Bassani Dario M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA series of mono‐, di‐, and tri‐topic receptors in which H‐bonding sites, complementary to those of barbituric acid (BA), are fused is used to induce the supramolecular assembly of n×m ladders containing 1, 2, or 3 triphenylenevinylene units appended with BA. The topological constraint enforced by the architectures induces through‐space interactions between the electroactive moieties that are reflected in the electronic absorption and emission spectrum. The n=2, m=2 or m=3 architectures undergo two single electron oxidation events, indicative of the formation of the corresponding mono‐ and di‐radical cation species with comproportionation constants of 340 and 70, respectively. Comparison of the electrochemical potentials suggests that the charges are delocalized over the electroactive units in the assembly.
Genotyping validates the efficacy of photographic identification in a capture‐mark‐recapture study based on the head scale patterns of the prairie lizard (Sceloporus consobrinus)
Authors: Tomke Sarah A. , Kellner Chris J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPopulation studies often incorporate capture‐mark‐recapture (CMR) techniques to gather information on long‐term biological and demographic characteristics. A fundamental requirement for CMR studies is that an individual must be uniquely and permanently marked to ensure reliable reidentification throughout its lifespan. Photographic identification involving automated photographic identification software has become a popular and efficient noninvasive method for identifying individuals based on natural markings. However, few studies have (a) robustly assessed the performance of automated programs by using a double‐marking system or (b) determined their efficacy for long‐term studies by incorporating multi‐year data. Here, we evaluated the performance of the program Interactive Individual Identification System (I3S) by cross‐validating photographic identifications based on the head scale pattern of the prairie lizard (Sceloporus consobrinus) with individual microsatellite genotyping (N = 863). Further, we assessed the efficacy of the program to identify individuals over time by comparing error rates between within‐year and between‐year recaptures. Recaptured lizards were correctly identified by I3S in 94.1% of cases. We estimated a false rejection rate (FRR) of 5.9% and a false acceptance rate (FAR) of 0%. By using I3S, we correctly identified 97.8% of within‐year recaptures (FRR = 2.2%; FAR = 0%) and 91.1% of between‐year recaptures (FRR = 8.9%; FAR = 0%). Misidentifications were primarily due to poor photograph quality (N = 4). However, two misidentifications were caused by indistinct scale configuration due to scale damage (N = 1) and ontogenetic changes in head scalation between capture events (N = 1). We conclude that automated photographic identification based on head scale patterns is a reliable and accurate method for identifying individuals over time. Because many lizard or reptilian species possess variable head squamation, this method has potential for successful application in many species.