bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responsibilities and capabilities of health engagement professionals (HEPs): Perspectives from HEPs and health consumers in Australia
Authors: Tam Lisa , Burns Kara , Barnes Katherine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn Australia, the National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards (2012) stipulates that partnering with health consumers to improve health‐care experiences is one of the criteria health‐care organizations are assessed and accredited against. This standard has given rise to a role: health engagement professionals (HEPs). While there are no standard requirements for recruitment into this role, this study contributes to much needed research into understanding their responsibilities and capabilities, and their contributions to engagement outcomes.MethodsUsing a qualitative, interpretive approach, 16 HEPs and 15 health consumer representatives (who have experiences of interacting with HEPs) participated in an in‐depth phone interview in December 2019. We explored (a) the purposes of the role, (b) the responsibilities and work activities and (c) the capabilities required to carry out the responsibilities.ResultsHealth engagement professionals are specialists in designing engagement mechanisms for health‐care organizations to co‐design health services with health consumers. They facilitate partnerships between health‐care organizations and health consumers. They play significant roles in listening to, facilitating understanding amongst different stakeholder groups (eg hospital management, health‐care workers and health consumers) and navigating the bureaucratic structures to influence outcomes. Four major responsibilities (advocacy, education, facilitation and administration) and four categories of capabilities (relational, communication, professional and personal) were identified.ConclusionA list of job responsibilities and desired capabilities of HEPs is provided to help health‐care organizations better understand the requirements for the role. This would help them decide how applicants to these roles would meet the requirements (eg experience of navigating bureaucratic systems).
Effect of dissolved oxygen on the oxidative and structural characteristics of protein in beer during forced ageing
Authors: Zong Xuyan , Yang Huirong , Jin Xiaofan , Brennan Charles S. , Coldea Teodora Emilia , Cai Linfei , Zhao Haifeng 
Published: November 2020

SummaryOxygen is contributing to the deterioration of the beer and shortening the shelf‐life of the packaged product. The effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) on oxidative and structural characteristics of protein in beer during forced ageing was examined. Results showed that increased DO decreased obviously protein content in beer, and further reduced antioxidant activities of beer and lipid transfer protein 1 (LTP1). Meanwhile, the increase of DO decreased significantly the free thiol groups content and enhanced the disulfide bonds level in beer and LTP1. Results from circular dichroism, surface hydrophobicity and zeta‐potential illustrated that the increase of DO dramatically changed the secondary and tertiary structure of LTP1 with the decrease in the surface hydrophobicity, α‐helix and β‐turn contents, and the increase in the random coil and negative zeta potential. These results indicated that increased DO could damage the structure of LTP1 and had a negative impact on oxidative stability of beer.
Fabrication, characterization and antibacterial mechanism of in‐situ modification nano‐CaCO3/TiO2/CS coatings
Authors: Yang Lili , Yang Hua , Hao Wenting , Li Yingchang , Li Qiuying , Sun Tong 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn order to obtain the chitosan (CS) coatings with excellent physicochemical properties and antibacterial abilities, the CS coatings were modified by in situ modification nano‐CaCO3 and nano‐TiO2. The coatings were characterised, and their physicochemical properties were measured. The antibacterial mechanism of the coatings was investigated with the Shewanella putrefaciens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The nano‐CaCO3/TiO2 can improve the tensile strength and elongation at break of the CS coatings. In addition, the carbon dioxide permeability of the CS coatings is increased after modification by nano‐TiO2. The nano‐CaCO3/TiO2/CS coating can effectively disrupt the integrality of bacterial cell membrane and improve their permeability, reduce the cellular enzyme activities, and affect the synthesis and expression of the bacterial protein. Eventually, the growth and reproduction of S. putrefaciens and P. aeruginosa are inhibited. The in situ modified nano‐CaCO3/TiO2/CS coatings have potential to be applied in the field of preservation of aquatic products.
Assessing maternal clotting function with novel global coagulation assays: A prospective pilot study
Authors: O'Keefe David , Lim Hui Yin , Tham Johnathan , Ho Prahlad , Hui Lisa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionWomen are at higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) during pregnancy and the puerperium. Global coagulation assays (GCAs), including thromboelastography (TEG), thrombin generation using the calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) and fibrin generation using the overall haemostatic potential assay (OHP), provide a more comprehensive assessment of the coagulation process than conventional coagulation assays. We aimed to evaluate the ability of these GCAs to analyse the coagulability among pregnant women of varying VTE risk profile.MethodsWomen undergoing term elective caesarean delivery provided a single predelivery blood sample for conventional and novel coagulation testing (TEG, CAT and OHP). Data from 47 healthy nonpregnant women aged 18‐45 years were used as controls.ResultsSixty women with term singleton pregnancies were included. Samples from pregnant women were hypercoagulable on most GCA parameters compared to nonpregnant controls, demonstrating increased maximum amplitude (clot strength) (71.5 vs 60.6 mm, P < .001) on whole blood TEG and increased endogenous thrombin potential (1895.22 vs 1399.33 nmol/L·min, P < .001) and overall coagulation potential (fibrin generation) (57.58 vs 36.21 units, P < .001) on platelet‐poor plasma. Pregnant women with booking BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 had significantly higher maximum amplitude compared to pregnant women of normal BMI (18.5‐25 kg/m2) (73.2 vs 66.1 mm, P < .001).ConclusionsGlobal coagulation assays reliably detect the physiological hypercoagulability of pregnancy. Thromboelastography in particular appears to correlate with obesity in the pregnant population. GCAs may be potential adjuncts to risk factor‐based criteria to guide VTE thromboprophylaxis during pregnancy and the puerperium.
Scoring system to facilitate diagnosis of Gaucher disease
Authors: Mehta Atul , Rivero‐Arias Oliver , Abdelwahab Magy , Campbell Samantha , McMillan Annabel , Rolfe Mark J. , Bright Jeremy R. , Kuter David J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundGaucher disease (GD) manifests heterogeneously and other conditions are often misdiagnosed in its place, leading to diagnostic delays. The Gaucher Earlier Diagnosis Consensus (GED‐C) initiative proposed a point‐scoring system (PSS) based on the signs and covariables that are most indicative of GD to help clinicians identify which individuals to test for GD.AimsTo validate the PSS retrospectively in a test population including patients with GD and other conditions with overlapping manifestations.MethodsFour cohorts of adults with GD, liver disease, haematological malignancy or immune thrombocytopenia were identified from hospital records. Clinical data were audited for GED‐C factors identified as potentially indicative of GD and aggregate scores calculated (sum of scores/number of factors) based on published PSS weightings. Threshold discriminatory PSS scores, sensitivity and specificity were determined by receiver‐operating characteristic analysis.ResultsAmong 100 patients (GD, n = 25; non‐GD, n = 75), analyses based on 11 possible factors estimated group mean (standard deviation) PSS scores of: GD (n = 14), 1.08 (0.25); non‐GD (n = 38), 0.58 (0.31). Mean between‐group difference (95% confidence interval) was −0.49 (−0.68, −0.31) and area under the receiver‐operating characteristic analysis curve (95% confidence interval) was 0.88 (0.78, 0.97). A threshold PSS score of 0.82 identified all 14 patients with GD in the analysis set (100% sensitivity) and 27 of 38 patients in the non‐GD group (71% specificity). Patients with liver disease and haematological malignancy were most likely to have manifestations overlapping GD.ConclusionsPreliminary validation of the GED‐C PSS discriminated effectively between patients with GD and those with overlapping signs.
Discussion of advance care planning on end‐of‐life decisions with lung cancer patients in Wuhan, China: attitude, timing and future directions
Authors: Hu Liya , Chu Qian , Fan Zeng , Chen Yuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundProgress in advance care planning (ACP) in China has been hindered for decades compared with other countries.AimsTo describe knowledge of ACP, end‐of‐life (EOL) care preferences and the predictors of patients' preference for ACP, as well as who should mention ACP among Chinese lung cancer patients.MethodsQuestionnaire‐based interviews were carried out. Two hundred and fifty‐eight lung cancer patients were recruited when first admitted to Tongji Hospital from October 2017 to November 2018. Social‐demographic factors, which might influence patients' preference on ACP decisions and who should mention ACP, were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 91.1% (n = 235) of patients favoured ACP on EOL issues. One hundred and sixty (60%) patients wanted to make EOL decisions on their own. Only 10% of patients were familiar with advance directions. Eighty‐two (31.8%) patients were familiar with do not resuscitate/do not intubate (DNR/DNI) directions. ACP was not mentioned in 92.2% of patients. Gender (male, OR = 4.87 (2.16–5.83)), tumour stage (Stage III, OR = 0.108 (0.06–0.51); Stage IV, OR = 1.780 (1.02–2.11)) and number of children (every increase in the number of children, OR = 0.267 (0.09–0.93)) were the significant predictors of preference for autonomous ACP. Female patients and patients currently receiving treatment are 2.743 and 1.8 times, respectively, more willing to need ACP initiated by doctors.ConclusionsChinese patients showed preferences towards ACP, but with inadequate knowledge. More assistance is needed with ACP for those patients, especially for females, patients with one child and those with early stage lung cancer. For female patients and patients receiving treatment, doctors may initiate ACP dialogue first.
Harnessing the power of social incentives to curb shirking in teams
Authors: Corgnet Brice , Gunia Brian , Hernán González Roberto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study several solutions to shirking in teams, each of which triggers social incentives by reshaping the workplace social context. Using an experimental design, we manipulate social pressure at work by varying the type of workplace monitoring and the extent to which employees are allowed to engage in social interaction. This design allows us to assess the effectiveness as well as the appeal of each solution. Despite similar effectiveness in boosting productivity, only organizational systems involving social interaction (via chat) were comparably appealing to a baseline treatment. This suggests that solutions involving social interaction are more likely to be effective in the long‐run than solutions involving monitoring alone.
Systematic review: Investigating the prognostic performance of four non‐invasive tests in alcohol‐related liver disease
Authors: Rhodes Freya A , Trembling Paul , Panovska‐Griffiths Jasmina , Tanwar Sudeep , Westbrook Rachel H , Rodger Alison , Rosenberg William M 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimMortality of alcohol‐related liver disease (ArLD) is increasing, and liver fibrosis stage is the best mortality predictor. Non‐invasive tests (NITs) are increasingly used to detect fibrosis, but their value as prognostic tests in chronic liver disease, and in particular in ArLD, is less well recognized. We aimed to describe the prognostic performance of four widely used NITs (Fibrosis 4 test [FIB4], Enhanced Liver Fibrosis [ELF] test, FibroScan, and FibroTest) in ArLD.MethodsApplying systematic review methodology, we searched four databases from inception to May 2020. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied to search using Medical Subject Heading terms and keywords. The first and second reviewers independently screened results, extracted data, and performed risk‐of‐bias assessment using Quality in Prognosis Studies tool.ResultsSearches produced 25 088 articles. After initial screening, 1020 articles were reviewed independently by both reviewers. Eleven articles remained after screening for eligibility: one on ELF, four on FibroScan, four on FIB4, one on FIB4 + FibroScan, and one on FibroTest + FIB4. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for outcome prediction ranged from 0.65 to 0.76 for FibroScan, 0.64 to 0.83 for FIB4, 0.69 to 0.79 for FibroTest, and 0.72 to 0.85 for ELF. Studies scored low–moderate risk of bias for most domains but high risk in confounding/statistical reporting domains. The results were heterogeneous for outcomes and reporting, making pooling of data unfeasible.ConclusionsThis systematic review returned 11 papers, six of which were conference abstracts and one unpublished manuscript. While the heterogeneity of studies precluded direct comparisons of NITs, each NIT performed well in individual studies in predicting prognosis in ArLD (area under the receiver operating characteristic curves >0.7 in each NIT category) and may add value to prognostication in clinical practice.
The effects of knowledge and self‐management of patients with early‐stage chronic kidney disease: Self‐efficacy is a mediator
Authors: Chuang Li‐Ming , Wu Shu‐Fang Vivienne , Lee Mei‐Chen , Lin Li‐Ju , Liang Shu‐Yuan , Lai Pao‐Chin , Kao Mei‐Chin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among knowledge, self‐efficacy, and self‐management of patients with early‐stage chronic kidney disease (ESCKD).MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional correlational study design. This study used purposive sampling to enroll a total of 130 patients with ESCKD. The research instruments included Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Care Knowledge Scale, Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Efficacy Instrument, Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Management Scale, and so on. This study used the statistical software SPSS 20.0 to perform statistical analyses, such as descriptive statistical analysis, independent samples t test, one‐way analysis of variance, Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient analysis, and multiple hierarchical regression analysis.ResultsThe knowledge of patients with early kidney disease was moderate (55.10%), self‐efficacy was moderate (54.44%), and self‐management was moderate (61.11%). The disease knowledge and self‐efficacy (r = .59, p < .01) were significantly positively correlated with self‐management (r = .50, p < .01); the intervening effect of self‐efficacy on self‐management (z = 4.58, p < .001) reached statistically significant difference. Self‐efficacy was the most significant predictor for self‐management and explained 49% of the total variance.ConclusionsThis study suggested that self‐efficacy was a mediator and predictor for self‐management. The research results may serve as reference for related administrative authorities or medical personnel to develop self‐efficacy strategies with theoretical basis, as well as appropriate self‐efficacy improvement schemes, to transform the methods for enhancing disease knowledge to improve the intervention with self‐efficacy language or method and increase patients' disease self‐management.
Localizing the transnational call center industry: Training creole speakers in Dominica to serve Pidgin speakers in Hawai‘i
Authors: Higgins Christina , Furukawa Gavin K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study considers whether localized language training for call centers can fruitfully challenge the homogenizing principles of call center practices by examining a training program that aimed to familiarize offshore call center workers with Pidgin, the creole language that is widely spoken in Hawaiʻi. Call center agents in Dominica were familiarized with key aspects of Pidgin relevant to call center work, including the expression of empathy in response to customer complaints. The analysis focuses on how we drew awareness to the pragmatics of Pidgin empathy through Pidgin contextualization cues in scenarios we devised. We then examine how the call center agents displayed their awareness of these cues in role plays. The agents readily demonstrated their understandings in talk about pragmatic differences during our instruction, but the role play interactions revealed the limits of their ability to deploy similar locally appropriate pragmatics due to the homogenizing confines of call center business practices.Dis pepah try see local kine training for call centah can mek stuff bettah, cuz the way big company stay like make all da call centah same kine. We go look one training program we wen make for teach people no live Hawaiʻi about Pidgin. Call centah workah in Dominica wen learn abaut Pidgin stuff can use you work call centah, like how for show feeling wen customah call for make huhu. Da analysis tawk about how we wen get dem fo look how local people show feeling using small kine stuff. Den we stay tawk how da call center people wen show deir manaʻo of dis small kine stuff wen dey make pretend fo be customah and call centah workah. Da call centah people wen quick show they akamai abaut dis wen dey wen tawk abaut how people ack diffrent but wen dey waz make pretend dey no can make same like Hawaiʻi people cuz da way all da call centah like mek everbady all same.
Geographic variations in dental sealant utilization by Medicaid enrollees
Authors: Okunseri Christopher E. , Okunseri Elaye , Garcia Raul I. , Visotcky Alexis , Szabo Aniko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate geographical variations and their relationship to race/ethnicity in dental sealant utilization for first molars among Wisconsin Medicaid enrollees from 2010 to 2013.MethodsWisconsin Medicaid dental claims for sealants in children aged 6‐16 years were analyzed. County‐level population density, urban influence code, presence of dental health professional shortage areas, and population‐per‐dentist ratio were considered as geographic predictors. Descriptive statistics and mixed effects Poisson regression models were used to examine the effect of county level covariates on the number of dental sealants received per person‐year (PY) of eligibility adjusting for patient‐level characteristics. Over‐dispersion was modeled by a random residual effect, and all models adjusted for single‐year age and gender interaction and race/ethnicity main effect.ResultsMedicaid claims for sealants on first permanent molars for 2010–2013 totaled 288,019 over 1,130,000 PY. The age‐ and gender‐standardized rate of first molar sealant applications per 100 PY were 27.9, 25.7, and 16.6 for White, Hispanic, and Black children, respectively. County‐specific rates ranged from a low of 8.9 per 100 PY to a high of 62.6 per 100 PY. In the multivariate analysis after adjusting for geography, compared to Whites, Hispanics had highest rates (rate ratio (RR) = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.30‐1.37) of dental sealant utilization followed by Blacks (RR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.21‐1.29). Population density was the only significant geographic predictor (RR = 0.56 per 10‐fold increase, 95% CI = 0.45‐0.69).ConclusionsSubstantial geographic variability in the utilization of sealants for first molars was identified. Lower population density was the main geographical predictor of high sealant utilization.
Juvenile‐onset motor polyneuropathy in Siberian cats
Authors: Crawford Kelly C. , Dreger Dayna L. , Shelton G. Diane , Ekenstedt Kari J. , Lewis Melissa J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPolyneuropathies are infrequently described in cats. There is a genetic predisposition in several breeds.ObjectiveTo clinically characterize a novel motor polyneuropathy in a family of Siberian cats.AnimalsThirteen closely related Siberian cats, 4 clinically affected and 9 clinically unaffected individuals.MethodsRetrospective study. Clinical data and pedigree information were obtained from the medical records and breeder. Electrodiagnostic testing and muscle and peripheral nerve biopsy samples were obtained from 1 affected cat. Follow‐up information was obtained for all affected cats.ResultsOnset of signs was 4 to 10 months in affected cats. Clinical signs were progressive or waxing/waning neuromuscular weakness (4/4), normal sensory function (4/4), and variably decreased withdrawal reflexes (3/4). All cats returned to normal neurologic function within 1 to 4 weeks. All cats had a recurrence of weakness (3/4 had 1 recurrent episode, 1/4 had 3 relapses) from which they recovered fully. In 1 cat, electromyography and motor nerve conduction studies showed multicentric spontaneous activity, normal motor nerve conduction velocity, reduced compound muscle action potential amplitude, and polyphasia. Histologic evaluation of muscle and nerve in that cat showed mild muscle atrophy consistent with recent denervation, endoneurial and perineurial edema, and mild mononuclear cell infiltration within intramuscular nerve branches and a peripheral nerve. Pedigree analysis suggests an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, although neither a genetically complex/polygenic condition nor an acquired inflammatory polyneuropathy can be ruled‐out.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWe describe a motor polyneuropathy in juvenile Siberian cats characterized by self‐limiting weakness with potential relapse.
Population structure, inbreeding and stripe pattern abnormalities in plains zebras
Authors: Larison Brenda , Kaelin Christopher B. , Harrigan Ryan , Henegar Corneliu , Rubenstein Daniel I. , Kamath Pauline , Aschenborn Ortwin , Smith Thomas B. , Barsh Gregory S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne of the most iconic wild equids, the plains zebra occupies a broad region of sub‐Saharan Africa and exhibits a wide range of phenotypic diversity in stripe patterns that have been used to classify multiple subspecies. After decades of relative stability, albeit with a loss of at least one recognized subspecies, the total population of plains zebras has undergone an approximate 25% decline since 2002. Individuals with abnormal stripe patterns have been recognized in recent years but the extent to which their appearance is related to demography and/or genetics is unclear. Investigating population genetic health and genetic structure are essential for developing effective strategies for plains zebra conservation. We collected DNA from 140 plains zebra, including seven with abnormal stripe patterns, from nine locations across the range of plains zebra, and analyzed data from restriction site‐associated and whole genome sequencing (RAD‐seq, WGS) libraries to better understand the relationships between population structure, genetic diversity, inbreeding, and abnormal phenotypes. We found that genetic structure did not coincide with described subspecific variation, but did distinguish geographic regions in which anthropogenic habitat fragmentation is associated with reduced gene flow and increased evidence of inbreeding, especially in certain parts of East Africa. Further, zebras with abnormal striping exhibited increased levels of inbreeding relative to normally striped individuals from the same populations. Our results point to a genetic cause of stripe pattern abnormalities, and dramatic evidence of the consequences of habitat fragmentation.