bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disruption of Hematopoiesis and Thymopoiesis in the Early Premalignant Stages of Infection with SL3-3 Murine Leukemia Virus
Authors: Rulli Karen , Lenz Jack , Levy Laura S. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTA time course analysis of SL3-3 murine leukemia virus (SL3) infection in thymus and bone marrow of NIH/Swiss mice was performed to assess changes that occur during the early stages of progression to lymphoma. Virus was detectable in thymocytes, bone marrow, and spleen as early as 1 to 2 weeks postinoculation (p.i.). In bone marrow, virus infection was detected predominantly in immature myeloid or granulocytic cells. Flow cytometry revealed significant reductions of the Ter-119+and Mac-1+populations, and significant expansions of the Gr-1+and CD34+populations, between 2 and 4 weeks p.i. Analysis of colony-forming potential confirmed these findings. In the thymus, SL3 replication was associated with significant disruption in thymocyte subpopulation distribution between 4 and 7 weeks p.i. A significant thymic regression was observed just prior to the clonal outgrowth of tumor cells. Proviral long terminal repeats (LTRs) with increasing numbers of enhancer repeats were observed to accumulate exclusively in the thymus during the first 8 weeks p.i. Observations were compared to the early stages of infection with a virtually nonpathogenic SL3 mutant, termed SL3ΔMyb5, which was shown by real-time PCR to be replication competent. Comparison of SL3 with SL3ΔMyb5 implicated certain premalignant changes in tumorigenesis, including (i) increased proportions of Gr-1+and CD34+bone marrow progenitors, (ii) a significant increase in the proportion of CD4−CD8−thymocytes, (iii) thymic regression prior to tumor outgrowth, and (iv) accumulation of LTR enhancer variants. A model in which disrupted bone marrow hematopoiesis and thymopoiesis contribute to the development of lymphoma in the SL3-infected animal is discussed.
Stereoselectivity of Michael Addition to 3-Phenyl-1-(η6-o-tolyltricarbonylchromium)propenone
Authors: Šebo Ľubomír , Šraga Ján , Rihs Grety , Toma Štefan 
Published: July 2002

The stereoselectivity of the Michael addition of several C-nucleophiles to 3-phenyl-1-(η6-o-tolyltricarbonylchromium)propenone has been studied. The ratio of diastereoisomers formed varied from 65 : 35 (malonodinitrile), 72 : 28 (methyl cyanoacetate) and 78 : 22 (nitromethane) and to 90 : 10 (dimethyl malonate). The ratio of diastereoisomers 63 : 37 was found even when addition of dimethyl malonate was carried out at 75 °C in methanol using piperidine as the catalyst. The (S,R) or (R,S) configuration of the main pair of isomers was proved by the X-ray analysis of the dimethyl malonate adduct.
Effects of the Nucleophile Structure on the Mechanisms of Reaction of 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with Aromatic Amines in Aprotic Solvents
Authors: Nudelman Norma Sbarbati , Alvaro Cecilia E. Silvana , Savini Monica , Nicotra Viviana , Yankelevich Jeannette 
Published: July 2002

The kinetics of reactions of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with aniline and several substituted aromatic amines, B, in toluene shows a quadratic dependence of the second-order rate constant, kA, on [B], which is preserved even in the presence of increasing amounts of dimethylaniline, while the reaction with N-methylaniline shows a linear dependence of kA vs [B]. All these results are interpreted by the "dimer nucleophile" mechanism, and confirmed by the effects of a non-nucleophilic hydrogen bond acceptor tertiary amine which show the relevance of the structure of the nucleophile and the role of mixed aggregates in defining the mechanisms of aromatic nucleophilic substitutions with amines in aprotic solvents.
Separation and Preconcentration of Cr(VI) as Ion Associate Using Solid Phase Extraction
Authors: Otruba Vítězslav , Pivnička Jan , Kanický Viktor 
Published: July 2002

A method of separation and preconcentration of Cr(VI) was developed based on sorption on modified silica gel (C18) of an ion associate of Cr(VI) anion with a quaternary base. The study was performed with the following quaternary onium salts: [1-(ethoxycarbonyl)- pentadecyl]trimethylammonium bromide, 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride, benzyl(dodecyl)- dimethylammonium bromide, butyl(triphenyl)phosphonium bromide and tetraphenylarsonium chloride. Benzyl(dodecyl)dimethylammonium bromide was found the optimum ion-pairing reagent. Sample containing Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in the presence of 0.005 mol/l of benzyl(dodecyl)dimethylammonium bromide was pumped with a peristaltic pump through the column containing the sorbent. The optimum pH range 4-5 was maintained with 0.05 mol/l phosphate buffer. Elution was accomplished using 95 vol.% ethanol and the recovery of Cr(VI) was (96 ± 6)% in the concentration range 0.005-1 mg/l of Cr(VI); even in a tenfold excess of Cr(III) the recovery of Cr(VI) was 99.8% with the relative standard deviation of repeatability about 2.4% Cr in the eluate was determined by emission flame spectrometry (Cr I 425.435 nm) in an air-acetylene or N2O-acetylene flame with the limits of detection 10 or 2 ng/ml, respectively. Hence, with a typical preconcentration factor of 200, the limits of detection in natural aqueous samples were 50 and 10 pg/ml, respectively. Calibrations were linear at least up to 10 mg/l.
Candidate gene regions and genetic heterogeneity in gluten sensitivity
Authors: Holopainen P , Mustalahti K , Uimari P , Collin P , Mäki M , Partanen J 
Published: July 2002

BACKGROUNDGluten sensitivity is a common multifactorial disorder, manifested in the small intestine or on the skin as typical coeliac disease or dermatitis herpetiformis, respectively. The only established genetic risk factor is HLA DQ2.AIMSWe tested genetic linkage of previously reported chromosomal loci 5q and 11q in Finnish families with gluten sensitivity. We also tested if genetic linkage to candidate loci on 5q, 11q, 2q33, and HLA DQ differed with respect to clinical manifestations or sex.SUBJECTSWe studied 102 Finnish families with affected sibpairs. For heterogeneity analysis, families were divided into subgroups according to sex and the presence of dermatitis herpetiformis, the skin manifestation of gluten sensitivity.METHODSNon-parametric linkage between microsatellite markers and disease was tested. Linkage heterogeneity between subgroups was tested using the M test. The transmission/disequilibrium test and association analysis were performed.RESULTSEvidence of linkage to 11q (MLS 1.37), but not to 5q, was found in the entire dataset of 102 families. Heterogeneity between subgroups was suggested: families with only the intestinal disease showed linkage mainly to 2q33 whereas families with dermatitis herpetiformis showed linkage to 11q and 5q, but not to 2q33. Linkage in all three non-HLA loci was strongest in families with predominantly male patients. HLA DQ2 conferred much stronger susceptibility to females than males.CONCLUSIONSIndependent evidence for the suggested genetic linkage between 11q and gluten sensitivity was obtained. The possible linkage heterogeneity suggests genetic differences between intestinal and skin manifestations, and the gender dependent effect of HLA DQ2.
Keratinocyte growth factor and coeliac disease
Authors: Salvati V M , Bajaj-Elliott M , Poulsom R , Mazzarella G , Lundin K E A , Nilsen E M , Troncone R , MacDonald T T 
Published: July 2002

BACKGROUNDCoeliac disease is characterised by increased epithelial renewal associated with a mucosal T cell response to gliadin. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is produced by cytokine activated gut stromal cells and may be a link between mucosal T cell activation in untreated coeliac disease and epithelial hyperplasia.AIMSTo characterise expression of KGF in coeliac disease.METHODSKGF transcripts in coeliac disease were measured by quantitative competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and localised using in situ hybridisation. KGF production by gluten reactive CD4+ T cell clones was examined. In addition, KGF transcripts were measured following ex vivo challenge of coeliac biopsies with a peptic-tryptic digest of gliadin.RESULTSKGF transcripts were elevated in coeliac biopsies compared with normal controls but were not different from non-coeliac disease controls. By in situ hybridisation, KGF mRNA containing cells were present in the upper half of the lamina propria, most abundantly just under the epithelium. There was no signal from cells within the epithelium. Gluten reactive T cell clones did not make KGF. In vitro challenge of coeliac biopsies generated a strong interferon γ response but a specific KGF response could not be detected because of an extremely high number of KGF transcripts in all cultured biopsies.CONCLUSIONSKGF is overexpressed in coeliac biopsies and in tissues with non-coeliac enteropathy. No evidence was found for KGF production by intraepithelial lymphocytes or lamina propria T cells.
Reporting of occupational and environmental research: use and misuse of statistical and epidemiological methods
Authors: Rushton Lesley 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVESTo report some of the most serious omissions and errors which may occur in papers submitted toOccupational and Environmental Medicine, and to give guidelines on the essential components that should be included in papers reporting results from studies of occupational and environmental health.METHODSSince 1994Occupational and Environmental Medicinehas used a panel of medical statisticians to review submitted papers which have a substantial statistical content. Although some studies may have genuine errors in their design, execution, and analysis, many of the problems identified during the reviewing process are due to inadequate and incomplete reporting of essential aspects of a study. This paper outlines some of the most important errors and omissions that may occur. Observational studies are often the preferred choice of design in occupational and environmental medicine. Some of the issues relating to design, execution, and analysis which should be considered when reporting three of the most common observational study designs, cross sectional, case-control, and cohort are described. An illustration of good reporting practice is given for each. Various mathematical modelling techniques are often used in the analysis of these studies, the reporting of which causes a major problem to some authors. Suggestions for the presentation of results from modelling are made.CONCLUSIONSThere is increasing interest in the development and application of formal “good epidemiology practices”. These not only consider issues of data quality, study design, and study conduct, but through their structured approach to the documentation of the study procedures, provide the potential for more rigorous reporting of the results in the scientific literature.
Low level exposure to cadmium and early kidney damage: the OSCAR study
Authors: Järup Lars , Hellström Lennart , Alfvén Tobias , Carlsson Margareta D , Grubb Anders , Persson Bodil , Pettersson Conny , Spång Gunnar , Schütz Andrejs , Elinder Carl-Gustaf 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVESTo study the dose-response relation between cadmium dose and renal tubular damage in a population of workers and people environmentally or occupationally exposed to low concentrations of cadmium.METHODSEarly kidney damage in 1021 people, occupationally or environmentally exposed to cadmium, was assessed from cadmium in urine to estimate dose, and protein HC (α1-microglobulin) in urine to assess tubular proteinuria.RESULTSThere was an age and sex adjusted correlation between cadmium in urine and urinary protein HC. The prevalence of tubular proteinuria ranged from 5% among unexposed people to 50% in the most exposed group. The corresponding prevalence odds ratio was 6.0 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.6 to 22) for the highest exposure group, adjusted for age and sex. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed an increasing prevalence of tubular proteinuria with urinary cadmium as well as with age. After adjustment to the mean age of the study population (53 years), the results show an increased prevalence of 10% tubular proteinuria (taking into account a background prevalence of 5%) at a urinary cadmium concentration of 1.0 nmol/mmol creatinine.CONCLUSIONRenal tubular damage due to exposure to cadmium develops at lower levels of cadmium body burden than previously anticipated.
Exposure to tremolite asbestos and respiratory health in Swedish dolomite workers
Authors: Seldén A I , Berg N P , Lundgren E A L , Hillerdal G , Wik N-G , Ohlson C-G , Bodin L S 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVESDeposits of carbonate rock like limestone and dolomite may contain tremolite asbestos. This study assessed the exposure to tremolite asbestos and the respiratory health of Swedish dolomite workers.METHODS95% of 137 eligible workers at two dolomite producing companies completed a self administered questionnaire that included questions on respiratory symptoms and were examined with spirometry as well as chest radiography. Total exposure to dust was gravimetrically measured and the tremolite asbestos content of the dust was assessed with polarisation and phase contrast microscopy.RESULTSDolomite dust concentrations were moderate (median 2.8 mg/m3) and tremolite asbestos concentrations were generally below the limit of detection (<0.03 fibres/ml). Somewhat higher values, around 0.1 fibres/ml, were obtained in manual stone sorting and bagging. Respiratory symptoms suggestive of chronic bronchitis were more related to smoking than to estimates of individual exposure to dust. The mean vital capacity was 0.2 l lower than expected after adjustment for sex, age, height, and smoking but the decline in lung function was not associated with current or cumulative exposure to dust in a clear cut way. Two definite cases of pleural plaques and one possible case of simple pneumoconiosis were noted, but the plaques could not be attributed exclusively to exposure to tremolite asbestos.CONCLUSIONSDolomite mining and milling may indeed entail low levels of exposure to tremolite asbestos, but this exposure was not a strong determinant of respiratory symptoms, lung function, or pneumoconiosis in exposed Swedish workers. This was true also for dolomite dust. The hazards of exposure to tremolite asbestos may vary across deposits, however, and additional studies at other sites of carbonate rock exploitation are warranted.
Sweet's syndrome and subacute thyroiditis
Authors: Kalmus Yoav , Kovatz Susy , Shilo Lotan , Ganem Gazi , Shenkman Louis 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA 63 year old woman developed biopsy documented lesions of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome) one week after the onset of subacute thyroiditis. This is only the second reported case of such an association. The role of cytokines in the development of both subacute thyroiditis and Sweet's syndrome may be the link between these two conditions.
Colchicine induced rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Chattopadhyay I , Shetty H G M , Routledge P A , Jeffery J 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A case of colchicine induced rhabdomyolysis is reported. A 73 year old man with ischaemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, chronic congestive cardiac failure, and chronic gout presented with diffuse muscle pain. He had been taking an increased dose of colchicine (1.5 mg daily) for an exacerbation of gout for six weeks before the presentation. Investigations confirmed the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis and discontinuation of colchicine resulted in resolution of clinical and biochemical features of rhabdomyolysis. Although neuromuscular adverse effects of colchicine are well recognised, rhabdomyolysis is rare and this is only the fourth reported case of colchicine induced rhabdomyolysis in the literature.
LOCAL QUANTUM CONSTRAINTS
Authors: GRUNDLING HENDRIK , LLEDÓ FERNANDO 
Published: July 2002

We analyze the situation of a local quantum field theory with constraints, both indexed by the same set of space-time regions. In particular we find "weak" Haag–Kastler axioms which will ensure that the final constrained theory satisfies the usual Haag–Kastler axioms. Gupta–Bleuler electromagnetism is developed in detail as an example of a theory which satisfies the "weak" Haag–Kastler axioms but not the usual ones. This analysis is done by pure C*-algebraic means without employing any indefinite metric representations, and we obtain the same physical algebra and positive energy representation for it than by the usual means. The price for avoiding the indefinite metric, is the use of nonregular representations and complex valued test functions. We also exhibit the precise connection with the usual indefinite metric representation. We conclude the analysis by comparing the final physical algebra produced by a system of local constrainings with the one obtained from a single global constraining and also consider the issue of reduction by stages. For the usual spectral condition on the generators of the translation group, we also find a "weak" version, and show that the Gupta–Bleuler example satisfies it.
SURFACE BONDING STATES OF NANO-CRYSTALLINE DIAMOND BALLS
Authors: PENG J. L. , BULCOCK SHAUN , BELOBROV PETER I. , BURSILL L. A. 
Published: July 2002

The rough surface of nano-crystalline diamond spheres induces surface electronic states which appear as a broadened pre-peak over approx. 15 eV at the C K-edge energy threshold for carbon in the parallel electron energy loss spectrum (PEELS). This appears to be at least partially due to 1s-π* transitions, although typically the latter occupy a range of only 4 eV for the sp2 edge of highly-oriented pyrollytic graphite (HOPG). No π* electrons appear in the conduction band inside the diamond particles, where all electrons are sp3 hybridized. PEELS data were also obtained from a chemical vapour deposited diamond film (CVDF) and gem-quality diamond for comparison with the spectra of nano-diamonds. The density of sp2 and sp3 states on the surface of diamond nano-crystals is calculated for simple structural models of the diamond balls, including some conjecture about surface structures. The results are used to interpret the sp2/sp3 ratios measured from the PEELS spectra recorded as scans across the particles. Surface roughness at the atomic scale was also examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron nano-diffraction patterns were used to confirm the crystal structures.
FROM JOIN-IRREDUCIBLES TO DIMENSION THEORY FOR LATTICES WITH CHAIN CONDITIONS
Authors: WEHRUNG FRIEDRICH 
Published: July 2002

For a finite lattice L, the congruence lattice Con L of L can be easily computed from the partially ordered set J (L) of join-irreducible elements of L and the join-dependency relation DLon J (L). We establish a similar version of this result for the dimension monoid Dim L of L, a natural precursor of Con L. For L join-semidistributive, this result takes the following form:Theorem 1. Let L be a finite join-semidistributive lattice. Then Dim L is isomorphic to the commutative monoid defined by generators Δ(p), for p ∈ J(L), and relations [Formula: see text]As a consequence of this, we obtain the following results:Theorem 2. Let L be a finite join-semidistributive lattice. Then L is a lower bounded homomorphic image of a free lattice iff Dim L is strongly separative, iff it satisfies the axiom [Formula: see text]Theorem 3. Let A and B be finite join-semidistributive lattices. Then the box product A □ B of A and B is join-semidistributive, and the following isomorphism holds: [Formula: see text] where ⊗ denotes the tensor product of commutative monoids.
VIRTUAL REALITY FOR SUPPORTING THE CONFIGURATION OF TRANSFORMABLE ASSEMBLY SYSTEMS
Authors: MERSINGER MARKUS , WESTKÄMPER ENGELBERT 
Published: July 2002

Virtual Reality (VR) made its way out of research labs into industrial applications like product design, design for assembly, training issues, etc. Nevertheless, VR is still suffering from lacking technology to highlight its huge amount of functionality. That means the utilization of VR in a holistic way to combine the real and the virtual world to close the circle, in which the user can switch between both systems is still not common. There is more VR can contribute than an immersive 3D model of real objects and some interaction technology with different devices like 6 DOF mouse, PhantomTM, gloves with tactile feedback, etc. If you want to use VR like the usual technology, you have to integrate the features of 3D, interaction, force feedback, simulation and the real system.The research work to develop such an integrated system is done within a special research project (SFB 467) of the German Research Society (DFG) called "Transformable business structures for multiple-variant series production".
NARRATIVE IN POLITICAL SCIENCE
Authors: Patterson Molly , Monroe Kristen Renwick 
Published: July 2002

▪ Abstract  Narratives—the stories people tell—provide a rich source of information about how people make sense of their lives, about how they construct disparate facts and weave them together cognitively to make sense of reality. Narrative analysis is particularly useful in providing insight on the cognitive process and on the role of culture in shaping any human universals.We begin by defining narrative as a concept and as a methodological tool in social science. We provide intellectual background on how narrative developed in literary theory and how it has been applied in cognitive analysis. We then discuss narratives as sites of cultural contestation and the role of narrative in the construction of social theory. We conclude on a note of caution, suggesting the need for care when interpreting narratives.
CollageMachine: An Interactive Agent of Web Recombination
Authors: Kerne Andruid 
Published: July 2002

CollageMachine builds interactive collages from the Web. First you choose a direction. Then CollageMachine will take you surfing out across the Internet as far as it can reach. It builds a collage from the most interesting media it can find for you. You don't have to click through links. You rearrange the collage to refine your exploration. CollageMachine is an agent of recombination. Aesthetics of musical composition and conceptual detournement underlie its development. The composer John Cage and Dada artists such as Marcel Duchamp and Max Ernst used structured chance procedures to create aesthetic assemblages. These works create new meaning by recontextualizing found objects. Instead of functioning as a single visual work, CollageMachine embodies the process of collage making. CollageMachine [1] deconstructs Web sites and re-presents them in collage form. The program crawls the Web, downloading sites. It breaks each page down into media elements—images and texts. Over time, these elements stream into a collage. Point, click, drag, and drop to rearrange the media. How you organize the elements shows CollageMachine what you're interested in. You can teach it to bring media of interest to you. On the basis of your interactions, CollageMachine reasons about your interests; the evolving model informs ongoing choices of selection and placement. CollageMachine has been developed through a process of freely combining disciplines according to the principles of “interface ecology.”