bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Starting Them Young: Introducing High School Students to Community Gerontology
Authors: Getz Marjorie , Morris Sherri 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Clinical Research Experience Internship Program (CREST) provides participants with foundations in scientific research appropriate for high school students interested in clinical careers in health-related disciplines (for example, nursing). The overall program goal is to provide research and career experiences to individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds, racial/ethnic minorities, and others who are underrepresented in these fields. The focus of this presentation is that part of the CREST program that has been ongoing since 2013. One program mentor has provided an internship experience to 22 high school students training in and work experience with community-based programs designed to improve health for older adults (identified as ‘community gerontology’). This poster presentation describes some of these experiences (e.g., preparation of caregiver support materials, preparation of nutrition based materials for congregate meal sites for older adults, coaches’ training and program implementation of several evidence-based community programs). Students have worked with older adults in senior housing facilities, supported housing complexes for veterans, and congregate meal sites for older adults. Because of the program experience, the CREST program helps dispel common stereotypes about older adults and encourages students exploring possible clinical career options to consider focusing on older adults as client populations. Program components are described which can allow conference participants to decide on the applicability of this type of programming for their own communities. Qualitative data are presented that provide insights into these experiences as these influence choice of college major and projected career paths and attitudes about working in community-based healthcare with older people.
Now You See Them, Now You Don’t: Age Differences in Risk Aversion
Authors: Sevi Barış , Wilson Jenna , Strough JoNell , Shook Natalie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Older age has often, but not always, been associated with greater risk aversion. Some have suggested that age differences in risk may reflect age-related declines in cognitive abilities. This study investigated the robustness of age differences in risk aversion across three different risk-taking measures, after controlling for cognitive abilities. Community-dwelling younger (n = 75; 25-36 years, M age = 29.01) and older (n = 74; 60-90 years, M age = 69.11) adults completed self-report and behavioral measures of risk aversion and several measures of cognitive abilities. Results showed that older adults reported significantly greater risk aversion than young adults on the behavioral measure of risk (Balloon Analogue Risk Task, BART), but not on the self-report measures (Framing Task and Choice Dilemmas Questionnaire). Greater risk aversion on BART was significantly associated with lower analytic thinking, slower processing speed, and worse shifting of attention. Therefore, we tested the relation between age and risk aversion on the BART while controlling for these three cognitive abilities. Age differences in risk aversion remained significant even after accounting for cognitive abilities. Our results suggest that the lack of consistent age differences in risk aversion in the literature may at least partly be due to measurement differences, which raises concerns about the construct validity of these measures of risk aversion. Moreover, cognitive decline may not explain age differences in risk. Further research is needed to understand factors that dampen and heighten risk aversion in people of diverse ages.
ECHO-CT: An Interdisciplinary Video-Conference Model for Identifying Post-Discharge Transition-of-Care Events
Authors: Gonzalez Mariana , Junge-maughan Lauren , Lipsitz Lewis , Moore Amber 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Discharge from the hospital to a post-acute care setting can be complex and potentially dangerous, with opportunities for errors and lapses in communication between providers. Data collected through the Extension for Community Health Outcomes-Care Transitions (ECHO-CT) model were used to identify and classify transitional care events (TCEs.) Methods: The ECHO-CT model employs multidisciplinary teleconferences between a hospital-based team and providers in post-acute settings; during this conference, concerns arising in the patient’s care transition were identified and recorded. Results: 675 patients were discussed during interdisciplinary videoconferences. A total of 139 TCEs were identified; 52 (37.4%) were classified as medication issues, and 58 (41.7%) involved discharge communication or coordination errors. Conclusions: These identified TCEs highlight areas in which providers can work to reduce issues arising in the course of discharge to post-acute facilities. Standardized processes to identify, record, and report transition of care events are necessary to provide high-quality, safe care for patients as they move across care settings.
CpG Methylation in Aging: Trajectories of Individual Sites
Authors: Meer Margarita , Levine Morgan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Age-related changes in methylation in a set of genomic CpGs have been shown to form a kind of molecular clocks of aging – DNA methylation (DNAm) clocks. These markers are usually based on a small set of CpGs in every case, but 1) they rarely overlap between different clocks and 2) they are interchangeable, meaning that one can remove all clock sites from a data set and make a new clock of similar precision selecting a new set from the remaining sites. Nonetheless, only a fraction of CpG sites would be suitable for DNAm clocks. We performed an extensive analysis of all CpG sites aging behavior. Previous studies were focused on identifying positions where changes in DNAm correlate with age, but in this case, some of CpGs where DNAm changes occur in a non-linear way can be overlooked. We assessed the aging trajectory of every CpG, clustered CpGs by the type of aging behavior and applied a machine learning approach to construct a new kind of DNAm clocks based on the DNAm of these clusters. Since every cluster is composed of multiple CpGs, it makes this marker resistant to a common problem of missing data. Using blood, brain, skin, colon and liver samples we were also able to investigate tissue specificity of CpGs trajectories.
Dementia Diagnosis and Challenges in Minority Populations
Authors: Amjad Halima , Blinka Marcela , Aufill Jennifer , Samus Quincy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias are underdiagnosed in the United States, with potentially higher rates of underdiagnosis among minority groups. Our objective was to examine perceptions of dementia, the utility and timeliness of diagnosis, and experiences obtaining diagnosis and care in minorities. We recruited 17 family caregivers of African American (n=11), Latino (n=3), and Asian (n=3) persons with dementia (PWD) to complete surveys and semi-structured interviews. Caregivers were mostly female (n=14), children of PWD (n=14), and had greater than high school education (n=16). Mean PWD age at diagnosis was 76 years (range 63-90) with mean 17 months from symptom observation to diagnosis (range 0.5-36 months). Interview themes were coded using a grounded theory approach. Emerging themes related to concerns prior to diagnosis, diagnosis experiences, timeliness of diagnosis, ways to improve diagnosis and care, familiarity with dementia, and stigma. Poor memory was the most common early concern; caregivers also noted behavioral symptoms, weight loss, family stress, and PWD vulnerability. Caregivers recalled key moments when they knew something was wrong. Primary care was the most frequent starting point in diagnosis; longstanding primary care relationships both facilitated and hindered diagnosis. Nine of the 17 caregivers felt diagnosis was delayed. Caregivers preferred clinicians who were forthcoming with the diagnosis and what to expect and noted the importance of family meetings or counseling. Prior experience or knowledge of dementia was common. Caregiver perspectives and experiences elicited in this study may be translated to interventions and clinical practices that proactively detect and address dementia in minorities.
Engaging Older Minority Adults in a Smartphone-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment Study of Sedentary Behavior
Authors: Kennedy-Malone Laurie , Hevel Derek , Sappenfield Kourtney , Scheer Heidi , Zecca Christine , Maher Jaclyn 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Minority older adults engage in excessive levels of sedentary behavior (i.e., sitting). Smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods can provide novel insights into the modeling and prediction of activity-related behaviors. Yet, minority groups report barriers to participating in mobile health research (e.g., distrust, lack of interest, underrepresentation in research). This abstract reports on strategies used to recruit minority older adults and acceptability of an 8-day smartphone-based sedentary behavior EMA study in this population. Researchers partnered with existing community organizations servicing the target population (i.e., independent living communities, congregate meals sites, and churches) and trusted individuals within these organizations to facilitate introduction of the research team/study. In total, 123 older minority adults were recruited, 102 met inclusion criteria and 91 completed the study. During the study, participants answered 6 electronic EMA questionnaires/day and wore an ActivPAL activity monitor continuously. Participants received one-on-one training on these procedures and received check-in calls to monitor progress. Open-ended questions administered at the end of the study revealed the most enjoyable aspects of the study were the ability to learn more about themselves, contributing to science and/or their community, engaging in a new activity followed by receiving financial compensation and having someone checking on their progress. Least enjoyable aspects of the study included frequency of EMA questionnaires, apprehension of missing EMA questionnaires, carrying the smartphone, and difficulty wearing the activity monitor. Almost all participants (95%) expressed interest being contacted for future studies. Implications for future technology-based research regarding minority older adults’ activity-related behaviors will be discussed.
Productive Aging and Work: Overcoming Barriers to Creating Age-Friendly Workplaces Among Older Workers in Nigeria
Authors: Omobowale Olubukola 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Due to global demographic shifts, the issue of older workers’ health and productive aging is becoming much more pressing and Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa is not left behind. Productive aging involves providing a safe and healthy work environment for everyone using strategies that allow workers to function optimally at all ages, hence this study assessed the barriers to creating age friendly workplaces among older workers in Nigeria. A community based study was conducted among workers in Federal Government establishments aged 60 years and above. Using a Focus Group Discussion guide and an adapted checklist on age friendly workplaces, 16 strategic domains affecting older workers’ health and age friendly workplaces were explored. Data were analyzed thematically. A total of 150 older workers aged between 60-70 years were sampled. There is no formal older worker’s health initiative in all the establishments. Only two, of the sixteen domains checked were present. Other domains remain largely neglected by the management. Barriers to age-friendly workplaces include poor knowledge of the strategies, lack of political will and ageism. The concept of older workers’ health is a strange phenomenon among the respondents. Organizations need to invest in developing a robust package to help older workers use their skills and create age friendly workplaces that ensure safety, health and well-being of older workers, from their first day on the job to their last. Government policies targeted at productive aging and work should be put in place in order to create age-friendly workplaces for older workers.
Associations Between Cognitive Function, Balance, and Mobility in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With COPD
Authors: Gore Shweta , Blackwood Jennifer , Ziccardi Tyler 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at risk for physical and cognitive impairment. Cognitive function is associated with falls in older adults however it is unknown if a relationship exists between cognitive function and falls in COPD. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between cognitive function and balance and mobility in older adults with COPD. A secondary analysis was performed using data from the 2010 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (N=4051). Cognitive (immediate and delayed recall, executive function) and physical (gait speed, tandem balance time) measure data was extracted from older adults with COPD (N=382) and an age matched control group without COPD (N=382) who met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Multivariate linear regression modeling was performed to examine associations between cognitive function and mobility or balance while controlling for age, gender, BMI, grip strength, and education. We found that in COPD, immediate word recall, delayed word recall, orientation, and executive function (β ranging from 0.004-0.02) were significantly associated with gait speed while only delayed word recall (β = 0.122, p &lt; .05) was associated with tandem balance. These same associations did not exist in those without COPD. In older adults with COPD, cognitive function is associated with balance and mobility. Screening for cognitive function, specifically delayed recall, should be a part of the management of falls in this population.
Understanding Food Consumption Frequencies Among U.S. Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Zheng Shenglin , Kong Dexia , Le Qun , Dong XinQi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A healthy diet is essential to various health outcomes that are common among minority aging populations. To explore frequencies and correlates of food consumption among U.S. Chinese older adults, this study used data from the Population-based Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE) collected in Chicago during 2015-2017 (N=3053). Food consumption frequencies of five food groups (vegetables, fruits, grains, protein foods, and dairy) were assessed by a validated 48-item food frequency questionnaire. All responses of consumption frequency were transformed to “times per day” and weighted by reported portion size. The average frequencies of vegetables, grains, and protein foods intake among the U.S. Chinese older adults were 2.02 (SD±1.32), 1.32 (SD±0.70), and 1.58 (SD±0.90) times/day, respectively. Fruits and dairy consumption frequencies were much lower: 0.76 (SD±0.70) and 0.48 (SD±0.53) times/day. In addition, higher levels of education were correlated with higher consumption of all five food groups. Being female was positively correlated with frequencies of fruits and dairy intake. In contrast, poorer life quality and having more children were correlated with less intake of all five food groups. Older age, preference to speak Cantonese/Taishanese compared to Mandarin/English, and poorer health status were also correlated with lower consumption frequencies of fruit and dairy. The study provides important dietary data of U.S. Chinese older adults and sheds light on significant socioeconomic correlates of food consumption. More in-depth investigations are needed to clarify the sociocultural determinants of dietary behavior and how they relate to different health outcomes among the U.S. Chinese population.
Skilled Home Health Care Agency Perspectives on Communication With Physicians: A National Survey
Authors: Norton Jonathan , Nkodo Amelie , Nangunuri Bhavana , Pierotti Danielle , Carl Kimberly , Sheehan Orla , Boyd Cynthia , Leff Bruce 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Communication is important in the care of older adults receiving skilled home health care (SHHC). In a prior national survey, physicians viewed communication and care coordination with SHHC agencies as dismal. The views of SHHC personnel (Registered Nurses, Licensed Practical Nurses, Physical Therapists, Occupational Therapists, and Speech-Language Pathologists) on this issue have not been well studied. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of communication between SHHC personnel and physicians who order SHHC services. METHODS: A nationally representative mailed survey of personnel from SHHC agencies identified through the 2016 Home Health Compare data set from the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services. RESULTS: 263 of 2000 surveys returned (13.2% response rate). Responding agencies were mainly proprietary (75.3%) and urban-based (83.7%). Most agencies were in the South (38.8%); 28.3% Midwest, 22.9% West, 12.1% Northeast. Only 62.2% of SHHC personnel completing start of care visits (n=202) reported being able to contact a physician when needed. The most common strategies used to contact physicians are phone (76.0%) and fax (11.2%). The greatest barriers to communication are having to communicate through a third party (64.9%) and a perception by SHHC personnel that “Physicians [are] not interested in communicating with SHHC Personnel” (45.1%). Failed communication resulted in delayed orders (70.8%) and sending a patient to the emergency room (37.1%). IMPLICATIONS: SHHC agency personnel experience significant barriers in communicating with physicians. Modes of communication remain rudimentary, and there are serious consequences of failed communication.
Depression and Psychological Well-Being as Distinct Constructs: Mutually Exclusive Associations With Biomarker
Authors: Ng Kheng Siang Ted , Wong Shu Cheng , Wong Glenn , Kua Ee Heok , Larbi Anis , Ho Roger C M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Despite increasing emphasis on assessing the mental health of older adults, there has been inconclusive evidence on whether depression and psychological well-being (PWB) are fundamentally distinct constructs or representations of the opposite ends of the mental health spectrum. To instantiate either hypothesis, investigation of the associations between mental health scales and biomarkers have been proposed. First, we assessed depressive symptoms and PWB in community-dwelling older adults (N=59, mean age=67) using the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Ryff’s Scale of PWB (comprising six sub-scales). We measured a wide range of immune markers employing ELISA and flow cytometry. Subsequently, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to aggregate and derived biomarker factor scores. Lastly, multiple linear regressions were performed to examine the associations between the scales and the derived biomarker factor scores, controlling for covariates. PCA extracted six biomarker factors. Biomarker factor score 1 was significantly associated with PWB (β=-0.029, p=0.035) and the PWB sub-scale, self-acceptance (β=-0.089, p=0.047), while biomarker factor score 4 was significantly associated with the PWB sub-scale, purpose in life (β=-0.087, p=0.025). On the other hand, biomarker factor 6 was significantly associated with SDS (β=-0.070, p=0.008). There were mutually- exclusive associations between the scales with biomarker factor scores, supporting the hypothesis of distinct constructs. Our findings expanded the biomarkers of depression and PWB, deepening understanding of the biological underpinnings of depressive symptoms and PWB. These findings have implications in field work, since researchers could not infer one construct from the other, the examination of both constructs are essential.
Moving Online: A Pilot Clinical Trial of the Changing Talk Online Communication Education for Nursing Home Staff
Authors: Williams Kristine N , Coleman Carissa K , Perkhounkova Yelena , Beachy Tim , Hein Maria , Shaw Clarissa A , Berkley Amy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Staff–resident communication is a critical part of nursing home (NH) care. Reducing elderspeak and increasing person-centered communication has been shown to reduce behavioral symptoms experienced by persons living with dementia. An online version of a successful classroom-based communication-training program that reduced staff elderspeak and resident behavioral symptoms was evaluated. The objective of this study was to establish feasibility and determine the preliminary effects of the online program in preparation for a national pragmatic clinical trial.

Research Design and Methods
Seven NHs were randomized to immediate intervention or wait-list control conditions. The NHs were provided with the web-based training program that staff individually accessed. Primary outcomes were knowledge scores and communication ratings of a video-recorded interaction, using pre- to posttraining comparisons.

Results
Knowledge increased from a mean pretest score of 61.9% (SD = 20.0) to a mean posttest score of 84.6% (SD = 13.5) for the combined group. Knowledge significantly improved between Time 1 and Time 2 for the immediate intervention participants (p &lt; .001), but not for the wait-list control participants (p = .091), and this difference was statistically significant (p &lt; .001). Ability to recognize ineffective, inappropriate, nonperson-centered, and elderspeak communication improved after training (p &lt; .001). The magnitude of improvement in communication recognition was comparable to that of the original classroom format.

Discussion and Implications
The adapted communication intervention was feasible and improved knowledge and communication. Online instruction can improve access to quality education and is an effective means to improve dementia care by overcoming barriers to in-person training.
Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT03849937
Metal homeostasis in pathogenic Epsilonproteobacteria: mechanisms of acquisition, efflux, and regulation
Authors: Kelley Brittni R , Lu Jacky , Haley Kathryn P , Gaddy Jennifer A , Johnson Jeremiah G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Epsilonproteobacteria are a diverse class of eubacteria within the Proteobacteria phylum that includes environmental sulfur-reducing bacteria and the human pathogens, Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori. These pathogens infect and proliferate within the gastrointestinal tracts of multiple animal hosts, including humans, and cause a variety of disease outcomes. While infection of these hosts provides nutrients for the pathogenic Epsilonproteobacteria, many hosts have evolved a variety of strategies to either sequester metals from the invading pathogen or exploit the toxicity of metals and drive their accumulation as an antimicrobial strategy. As a result, C. jejuni and H. pylori have developed mechanisms to sense changes in metal availability and regulate their physiology in order to respond to either metal limitation or accumulation. In this review, we will discuss the challenges of metal availability at the host–pathogen interface during infection with C. jejuni and H. pylori and describe what is currently known about how these organisms alter their gene expression and/or deploy bacterial virulence factors in response to these environments.