bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O desafio político da educação escolar: desdobramentos para pensar a Formação Inicial em Educação Física
Authors: Bagnara Ivan Carlos , Fensterseifer Paulo Evaldo 
Published: May 2020

A Formação Inicial (FI) em Educação Física (EF) tem sido foco de análises nos últimos anos, pois se constitui em tempo e espaço destinado à formação dos professores responsáveis por desenvolver a EF na escola sob o prisma de um componente curricular e não mais na perspectiva de “atividade”. Pensar a Educação Física Escolar (EFE) sob esse novo estatuto significa estruturar a ação docente conectada aos sentidos e responsabilidades da escola, o que pressupõe avaliar retrospectivamente o processo formativo desenvolvido. Nesse sentido, neste estudo, objetiva-se analisar as concepções que os professores que atuam na FI em nível de Licenciatura em EF possuem acerca das responsabilidades sociais da escola. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa colaborativa, na perspectiva qualitativa, da qual participaram doze docentes que atuam na FI em EF. Os dados foram produzidos através de anotações em diário de campo e elaboração de narrativas docentes. Os resultados indicam haver heterogeneidade na compreensão acerca das responsabilidades sociais da escola, as quais foram divididas em quatro categorias: conhecimento de qualidade; responsabilidade social; necessidades e demandas sociais; valores morais. A impressão que se tem é que as concepções referentes às responsabilidades da escola, no contexto do estudo, além de heterogêneas, carecem de uma fundamentação teórica sistematizada, revelando um caráter fragmentário. Isso retrata certa “orfandade política” entre os professores da FI, e como na política não tem vácuo, a ausência de uma consciência republicana deixa margem para proposições subjetivas, as quais contribuem para manter a EFE numa condição de menoridade.
Cooperativas de catadores de resíduos sólidos: condições ambientais e impactos na comunidade
Authors: Guimarães Lís Quarantini Souza , Marchi Cristina Maria Dacach Fernadez 
Published: May 2020

Esse artigo buscou identificar, através de pesquisa bibliográfica quais as condições ambientais e dificuldades das cooperativas de catadores de resíduos sólidos, para efetuar uma análise dos possíveis impactos que estas condições podem trazer à comunidade, que consequentemente podem gerar atrito nessa relação. Foram utilizados como referências artigos, teses, monografias, dissertações com estudo de caso. As dificuldades recorrentes encontradas foram a falta de infraestrutura e a falta de espaço para armazenamento dos resíduos sólidos. Os cooperativados, para poder negociar com as indústrias e garantir uma renda maior necessitam acumular um grande volume de resíduos. A solução é a apropriação indevida do meio-fio, de meios de passagem, das ruas ou de qualquer local que possa acomodar os excedentes. São vários transtornos causados pela falta de infraestrutura: entupimento da rede de esgoto, alagamentos, proliferação de animais nocivos à saúde humana, desvalorização dos imóveis, o aumento de doenças respiratórias, devido ao mau cheiro causado pela atividade e o risco de incêndio. O exposto acima, relata os possíveis motivos do repúdio da comunidade em relação às cooperativas. Sem apoio as cooperativas perdem a força para desenvolver um trabalho que é tão importante para a sociedade.
The Age of Electronic Messages
Authors: Truxal John G. 
Published: May 2020

What are the frontiers of today's communications technology? The Age of Electronic Messages explains the scientific principles on which this technology is based and explores its capabilities and limitations, its risks and benefits. In straightforward language accompanied by numerous illustrations, Truxal describes the communications technology that has become such an integral part of today's work and leisure. He provides accounts of the bar codes used in supermarkets and the postal system of the way signals are described in terms of frequencies and in digital form of hearing and audio systems, of radio and navigation, of medical imaging, and of television broadcasting and narrowcasting. Unlike other books on the subject, The Age of Electronic Messages takes into account the sociology of the new communications technology as well as its mathematical and physical underpinnings.
The Age of Electronic Messages is included in the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation sponsored series, the New Liberal Arts.
The Analysis and Synthesis of Linear Servomechanisms
Authors: Hall Albert C. 
Published: May 2020

A standard reference on the application of network theory to the design of automatic control systems.
The 1943 printing of The Analysis and Synthesis of Linear Servomechanisms was classified as restricted and distributed accordingly. After the close of WWII, the book was declassified in order to permit general dissemination of the material. From the Preface: This book is a formulation of a servomechanism design procedure based primarily upon an analysis of the system response to sinusoidal inputs of various frequencies. Although a knowledge of the transient performance of a servomechanism provides an excellent basis for predicting the response of the system to the conditions of a particular application, the complexity of most physical systems makes the computation of the transient performance and the translation of the resulting information into physical design criteria extremely laborious. On the other hand, knowledge of the response of the servomechanisms to sinusoidal inputs is not quite as useful in enabling a prediction to be made of the servo response to the conditions of most practical applications, but the computation of the sinusoidal response and the translation of this information into useful design criteria are much simpler.
Power-System Reliability Calculations
Authors: Billinton Roy , Nerode Robert , Wood Allen J. 
Published: May 2020

This is a significant work in an important area, and one that is receiving growing attention. It has been estimated that many professional meetings currently devote a third or more of their time to questions of power-system reliability. The book digests this research and covers the standard techniques and methods that are currently standard. The presentation employs a minimum of mathematics.
The five chapters of this book collect and illustrate techniques that have been applied to the prediction of reliability and availability of the various specific segments of an electric power system. The text emphasizes the numerical procedures employed in making these reliability and availability predictions. Other related criteria that have been put forward in the literature, such as adequacy, dependability, and security, are also introduced and defined as needed and as applied in specific contexts.
The book opens with a discussion of reliability and availability applications to transmission and distribution systems, treating independent component outages and their effects on the continuity of supply. It then takes up models for generation planning and proceeds to the area of bulk power supply system reliability evaluation, offering methods for prediction of composite reliability of the generation and transmission systems. A final chapter extends the study into operating reliability assessments concerned with reserve problems: It considers the adequacy of the generating system to meet forecasted loads a short period ahead.
The book is the sixth in the Modern Electrical Technology series, edited by Alexander Kusko.
STRESS: A User's Manual
Authors: Fenves Steven J. , Logcher Robert D. , Mauch Samuel P. , Reinschmidt Kenneth P. 
Published: May 2020

A manual describing STRESS, a programming system for the solution of structural engineering problems.
STRESS, which is the abbreviation for STRuctural Engineering Systems Solver, is a programming system for the solution of structural engineering problems on digital computers.STRESS consists of (1) a language that describes the problem and (2) a processor (computer program) that accepts this language and produces the requested results. This manual explains the use of STRESS.
First confirmed records of the Western Hooded Scaly-foot Pygopus nigriceps from New South Wales
Authors: Madani George 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
The Western Hooded Scaly-foot Pygopus nigriceps is a widespread pygopod concomitant with the sandy arid zone of inland and western Australia. The limited suitable habitat available and inaccessibility of north western New South Wales means that the occurrence of P. nigriceps has long gone undetected in the state. This is despite ecological work and fauna surveys having been conducted within this area. Here I report two records of P. nigriceps from far north western NSW (Sturt National Park and Winnathee Station), which are the only known confirmed records to date. This brings the number of known pygopods in NSW to 12 species.
Measuring Inflammatory Foot Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Development and Validation of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Foot Disease Activity Index–5
Authors: Hoque Anika , Gallagher Kellie , McEntegart Anne , Porter Duncan , Steultjens Martijn , Woodburn James , Hendry Gordon J. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveOmission of foot joints from composite global disease activity indices may lead to underestimation of foot and overall disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and under‐treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the measurement properties of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Foot Disease Activity Index–5 (RADAI‐F5), a newly developed patient‐reported outcome measure for capturing foot disease activity in people with RA.MethodsParticipants with RA self‐completed the RADAI‐F5, modified Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Index (mRADAI‐5), Foot Function Index (FFI), and Foot Impact Scale (FIS) impairment/footwear and activity/participation subscales. The 28‐joint Disease Activity Score using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28‐ESR) was also recorded. Subgroups completed the RADAI‐F5 at 1 week and 6 months. Psychometric properties, including construct, content and longitudinal validity, internal consistency, 1‐week reproducibility, and responsiveness over 6 months were evaluated.ResultsOf 142 respondents, 103 were female, with a mean ± SD age of 55 ± 12.5 years and median RA disease duration of 10 (interquartile range 3.6–20.8) months. Theoretically consistent associations confirming construct validity were observed with mRADAI‐5 (0.789 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.73, 0.85]), FFI (0.713 [95% CI 0.62, 0.79]), FIS impairment/footwear (0.695 [95% CI 0.66, 0.82], P < 0.001), FIS activity/participation (0.478 [95% CI 0.37, 0.63], P < 0.001), and the DAS28‐ESR (0.379 [95% CI 0.26, 0.57], P < 0.001). The RADAI‐F5 demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.90) and good reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.868 [95% CI 0.80, 0.91], P < 0.001, smallest detectable change = 2.69). Content validity was confirmed, with 82% rating the instrument relevant and easy to understand.ConclusionThe RADAI‐F5 is a valid, reliable, responsive, clinically feasible patient‐reported outcome measure for measuring foot disease activity in RA.
Aza[5]helicene Rivals N‐Annulated Perylene as π‐Linker of D−π−D Typed Hole‐Transporters for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Jianan , Shi Huilei , Xu Niansheng , Zhang Jing , Yuan Yi , Lei Ming , Wang Lidong , Wang Peng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe superior role of helical π‐linkers is demonstrated for the design of donor−π linker−donor typed molecular semiconductors in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Flat N‐annulated perylene (NP) and contorted aza[5]helicene (A5H) are side‐functionalized with methoxyphenyl and end‐capped with dimethoxydiphenylamine electron‐donor to afford two small‐molecule hole‐transporters J3 and J4. For methoxyphenyl functionalized π‐linkers, intermolecular π⋅⋅⋅π interactions in planar NP exist more extensively than those in helical A5H. However, for the dimethoxydiphenylamine derived hole‐transporters with high highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels, a part of the π⋅⋅⋅π interaction remains for J4 with A5H, while this desirable effect for charge transport is completely deprived for J3 with NP. Thus, the theoretically predicted hole mobility of J4 single‐crystal is even over two times higher than that of J3 one. Because of the larger size of the molecular aggregate, the hole mobility of the spin‐coated J4 thin film is also over three times as high as that of the J3 analog. Due to the reduced transport resistance and enhanced recombination resistance, PSCs with J4 exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 21.0% at standard air mass 1.5 global conditions, which is higher than that of 19.4% with J3 and that of 20.3% with spiro‐OMeTAD control.
Reversible Photoinduced Phase Segregation and Origin of Long Carrier Lifetime in Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Films
Authors: Gautam Subodh K. , Kim Minjin , Miquita Douglas R. , Bourée Jean‐Eric , Geffroy Bernard , Plantevin Olivier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMixed‐halide hybrid perovskite semiconductors have attracted tremendous attention as a promising candidate for efficient photovoltaic and light‐emitting devices. However, these perovskite materials may undergo phase segregation under light illumination, thus affecting their optoelectronic properties. Here, photoexcitation induced phase segregation in triple‐cation mixed‐halide perovskite films that yields to red‐shift in the photoluminescence response is reported. It is demonstrated that photoexcitation induced halide migration leads to the formation of smaller bandgap iodide‐rich and larger bandgap bromide‐rich domains in the perovskite film, where the phase segregation rate is found to follow the excitation power‐density as a power law. Results confirm that charge carrier lifetime increases due to the trapping of photoexcited carriers in the segregated smaller bandgap iodide‐rich domains. Interestingly, these photoinduced changes are fully reversible and thermally activated when the excitation power is turned off. A significant difference in activation energies for halide ion migration is observed during phase segregation and recovery process. Additionally, the emission linewidth broadening is investigated as a function of temperature which is governed by the exciton–optical phonon coupling. The mechanism of photoinduced phase segregation is interpreted based on exciton–phonon coupling strength in both mixed and demixed (segregated) states of perovskite films.
Photoactive Interfaces for Spatio‐Temporal Guidance of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate
Authors: De Martino Selene , Cavalli Silvia , Netti Paolo Antonio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPatterned surfaces have proved effective in guiding stem cells commitment to a specific lineage by presenting highly ordered biophysical/biochemical cues at the cellmaterial interface. Their potency in controlling cell fate can be significantly empowered by encoding logic of space and time control of signal presentation. Here, azopolymeric photoactive interfaces are proposed to present/withdraw morphophysical signals to living cells using a green light trigger in a non‐invasive spatio‐temporal controlled way. To assess the potency of these dynamic platforms in controlling cell decision and fate, topography changes are actuated by light at specific times to reverse the fate of otherwise committed human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) toward osteoblastic lineage. It is first proved by dynamic change from ordered parallel patterning to flat or grid surfaces, that it is possible to induce cyclic cellular and nuclear stretches. Furthermore, by culturing hMSCs on a specific pattern known to prime them toward osteoblast lineage, the possibility to reroute or reverse stem cell fate decision by dynamic modulation of morphophysical signal is proved. To conclude, dynamic topographies can control the spatial conformation of hMSCs, modulate lineage reversal even after several weeks of culture and redirect lineage specification in response to light‐induced changes in the microenvironment.
Continuous “Snowing” Thermotherapeutic Graphene
Authors: Sun Yangyong , Chen Zengzhen , Gong Huiping , Li Xueqiao , Gao Zhenfei , Xu Shichen , Han Xiaodong , Han Bing , Meng Xianwei , Zhang Jin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFinding the best applications of graphene, and the continuous and scalable preparation of graphene with high quality and high purity, are still two major challenges. Herein, a “pulse‐etched” microwave‐induced “snowing” (PEMIS) process is developed for continuous and scalable preparation of high‐quality and high‐purity graphene directly in the gas phase, which is found to have excellent thermotherapeutic effects. The obtained graphene exhibits small size (≈180 nm), high quality, low oxygen content, and high purity, together with a high gas–solid conversion efficiency of ≈10.46%. Considering the intrinsic characteristics of this high‐purity and small‐sized biocompatible graphene, in particular the low‐frequency microwave absorption property as well as the good thermal transformation ability, a graphene‐based combination therapeutic system is demonstrated for microwave thermal therapy (MTT) for the first time, exhibiting a high tumor ablation rate of ≈86.7%. This is different from the principle of ions vibrating in a confined space used by current MTT sensitization materials. Not limited to this application, it is foreseen that this PEMIS‐based high‐quality graphene will allow the search for further suitable applications of graphene.
Phenomenological Prediction of the Band Diagram of Organic–Organic and Inorganic–Organic Heterointerfaces
Authors: Muench Maybritt , Mankel Eric , Mayer Thomas , Jaegermann Wolfram 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHerein, a phenomenological rule is presented for the estimation of electronic contact properties of organic–organic and inorganic–organic hetero interfaces, which is deduced from a large number of experimentally studied heterojunctions. The data for the present study are summarized from in situ step‐by‐step interface experiments using photoelectron spectroscopy. Organic and inorganic (oxide) materials are investigated which are used for the manufacturing of organic based optoelectronic devices in the InnovationLab Heidelberg. It is shown that the measured values of the interface dipole as well as of the band bending linearly depend on the work function difference between substrate and adsorbate. The data suggest that the investigated materials as technologically applied films contain a prototypical concentration of electron states at the interface and in the bulk, the charge of which is adjusted to reach thermodynamic equilibrium at a contact. As a consequence, a generally applicable empirical formula to predict the energetic band alignment due to dipole formation and the contact potential distribution due to band bending can be deduced, which is given by just the work function differences between the pristine layers. This result suggests that band bending as well as interface dipole formation are both attained by redistribution of electronic charge via integer charge transfer processes.
CRISPR‐Net: A Recurrent Convolutional Network Quantifies CRISPR Off‐Target Activities with Mismatches and Indels
Authors: Lin Jiecong , Zhang Zhaolei , Zhang Shixiong , Chen Junyi , Wong Ka‐Chun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe off‐target effects induced by guide RNAs in the CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐editing system have raised substantial concerns in recent years. Many in silico predictive models have been developed for predicting the off‐target activities; however, few are capable of predicting the off‐target activities with insertions or deletions between guide RNA and target DNA sequence pair. In order to fill this gap, a recurrent convolutional network named CRISPR‐Net is developed for scoring the gRNA‐target pairs with mismatches and indels; and a machine‐learning based model named CRISPR‐Net‐Aggregate is also developed for aggregating the scores as the consensus off‐target score for each potential guide RNA. It is demonstrated that CRISPR‐Net achieves competitive performance on CIRCLE‐Seq and GUIDE‐seq datasets with indels and mismatches, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art off‐target prediction methods on two independent mismatch‐only datasets. The CRISPR‐Net‐Aggregate also surpasses a competing method on the aggregation task. Moreover, a two‐stage sensitivity analysis is introduced to visualize the CRISPR‐Net prediction on the gRNA‐target pair of interest, demonstrating how implicit knowledge encoded in CRISPR‐Net contributes to the accurate off‐target activity quantification. Finally, the source code is made available at the Code Ocean repository (https://codeocean.com/capsule/9553651/tree/v1).
Field Emission in Ultrathin PdSe2 Back‐Gated Transistors
Authors: Di Bartolomeo Antonio , Pelella Aniello , Urban Francesca , Grillo Alessandro , Iemmo Laura , Passacantando Maurizio , Liu Xiaowei , Giubileo Filippo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study deals with the electrical transport in back‐gate field‐effect transistors with ultrathin palladium diselenide (PdSe2) channels. The devices are normally‐on and exhibit dominant n‐type conduction at low pressure. The electron conduction of PdSe2 nanosheets, combined with the sharp edge and the work function decreasing with the number of layers, opens up new applications in vacuum electronics. This work is the first experimental demonstration of field emission current from few‐layer PdSe2 and extends the plethora of applications of this recently isolated pentagonal layered material. Field‐emission from PdSe2 nanosheets is obtained with a turn‐on field below 100 V µm−1 and attains currents up to the µA.
Polysubstituted 5‐Phenylazopyrimidines: Extremely Fast Non‐ionic Photochromic Oscillators
Authors: Čechová Lucie , Filo Juraj , Dračínský Martin , Slavov Chavdar , Sun Dazhong , Janeba Zlatko , Slanina Tomáš , Wachtveitl Josef , Procházková Eliška , Cigáň Marek 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhotochromic systems with an ultrahigh rate of thermal relaxation are highly desirable for the development of new efficient photochromic oscillators. Based on DFT calculations, we designed a series of 5‐phenylazopyrimidines with strong push–pull character in silico and observed very low energy barriers for the thermal (Z)‐to‐(E) isomerization. The structure of the (Z)‐isomer of the slowest isomerizing derivative in the series was confirmed by NMR analysis with in situ irradiation at low temperature. The substituents can tune the lifetime of thermal back isomerization from hundreds of microseconds to several nanoseconds (8 orders of magnitude). The photoswitching parameters were extracted from transient absorption techniques and a dominant rotation mechanism of the (Z)‐to‐(E) thermal fading was proposed based on DFT calculations.
Precise Control Over Kinetics of Molecular Assembly: Production of Particles with Tunable Sizes and Crystalline Forms
Authors: Fan Qingrui , Li Linhai , Xue Han , Zhou Heng , Zhao Lishan , Liu Jie , Mao Junqiang , Wu Shuwang , Zhang Shizhong , Wu Chenyang , Li Xueming , Zhou Xin , Wang Jianjun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt has been long‐pursued but remains a challenge to precisely manipulate the molecular assembly process to obtain desired functional structures. Reported here is the control over the assembly of solute molecules, by a programmed recrystallization of solvent crystal grains, to form micro/nanoparticles with tunable sizes and crystalline forms. A quantitative correlation between the protocol of recrystallization temperature and the assembly kinetics results in precise control over the size of assembled particles, ranging from single‐atom catalysts, pure drug nanoparticles, to sub‐millimeter organic‐semiconductor single crystals. The extensive regulation of the assembly rates leads to the unique and powerful capability of tuning the stacking of molecules, involving the formation of single crystals of notoriously crystallization‐resistant molecules and amorphous structures of molecules with a very high propensity to crystallize, which endows it with wide‐ranging applications.