bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landau diagrams in AdS and S-matrices from conformal correlators
Authors: Komatsu Shota , Paulos Miguel F. , van Rees Balt C. , Zhao Xiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Quantum field theories in AdS generate conformal correlation functions on the boundary, and in the limit where AdS is nearly flat one should be able to extract an S-matrix from such correlators. We discuss a particularly simple position-space procedure to do so. It features a direct map from boundary positions to (on-shell) momenta and thereby relates cross ratios to Mandelstam invariants. This recipe succeeds in several examples, includes the momentum-conserving delta functions, and can be shown to imply the two proposals in [1] based on Mellin space and on the OPE data. Interestingly the procedure does not always work: the Landau singularities of a Feynman diagram are shown to be part of larger regions, to be called ‘bad regions’, where the flat-space limit of the Witten diagram diverges. To capture these divergences we introduce the notion of Landau diagrams in AdS. As in flat space, these describe on-shell particles propagating over large distances in a complexified space, with a form of momentum conservation holding at each bulk vertex. As an application we recover the anomalous threshold of the four-point triangle diagram at the boundary of a bad region.
On the Navier–Stokes equations on surfaces
Authors: Prüss Jan , Simonett Gieri , Wilke Mathias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider the motion of an incompressible viscous fluid that completely covers a smooth, compact and embedded hypersurface$$\Sigma $$Σwithout boundary and flows along$$\Sigma $$Σ. Local-in-time well-posedness is established in the framework of$$L_p$$Lp-$$L_q$$Lq-maximal regularity. We characterize the set of equilibria as the set of all Killing vector fields on$$\Sigma $$Σ, and we show that each equilibrium on$$\Sigma $$Σis stable. Moreover, it is shown that any solution starting close to an equilibrium exists globally and converges at an exponential rate to a (possibly different) equilibrium as time tends to infinity.
Investigation and identification of foreign turbidity particles in beverages via Raman micro-spectroscopy
Authors: Kahle Eva-Maria , Zarnkow Martin , Jacob Fritz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCloudiness, opalescence or a milky appearance in beverages is usually undesirable and lead the consumers to assume that the product is of lower quality. Many different types of formation and entry can lead to cloudiness and these causes can be divided into two major categories: beverage-specific, where the ingredients cause an interaction, and external influences such as process errors or particles interacting with the medium. This study considers two main sources of external influences. Raman micro-spectroscopy (RMS) was used to detect, evaluate and validate filter aids, stabilisers and various microplastic (MP) particles. A suitable sample preparation was developed, membrane filters were tested, and a filtration method for isolating the individual particles was established and implemented. To identify particles with RMS and for better representation, a few particles were selected and the results were validated using cluster analysis and the similarity matrix. The different media influences were identified by analysing the particles both dry, in water and beer. The filtration residue after membrane filtration was also analysed. A two-dimensional image scan of the particles served to determine particle homogeneity. The spectra were then recorded with single-point scans. The polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) spectra in the different media showed similarities greater than 80%, usually greater than 95%. The cellulose spectra showed no differences between the different media, but consistently high average similarities of 94.5%. This investigation should show that foreign particles can be detected and evaluated by RMS with suitable sample preparation and recording.
The M1/M2 spectrum and plasticity of malignant pleural effusion-macrophage in advanced lung cancer
Authors: Wu Ming-Fang , Lin Chih-An , Yuan Tzu-Hang , Yeh Hsiang-Yuan , Su Sheng-Fang , Guo Chin-Lin , Chang Gee-Chen , Li Ker-Chau , Ho Chao-Chi , Chen Huei-Wen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE)-macrophage (Mφ) of lung cancer patients within unique M1/M2 spectrum showed plasticity in M1–M2 transition. The M1/M2 features of MPE-Mφ and their significance to patient outcomes need to be clarified; furthermore, whether M1-repolarization could benefit treatment remains unclear.

Methods
Total 147 stage-IV lung adenocarcinoma patients undergoing MPE drainage were enrolled for profiling and validation of their M1/M2 spectrum. In addition, the MPE-Mφ signature on overall patient survival was analyzed. The impact of the M1-polarization strategy of patient-derived MPE-Mφ on anti-cancer activity was examined.

Results
We found that MPE-Mφ expressed both traditional M1 (HLA-DRA) and M2 (CD163) markers and showed a wide range of M1/M2 spectrum. Most of the MPE-Mφ displayed diverse PD-L1 expression patterns, while the low PD-L1 expression group was correlated with higher levels of IL-10. Among these markers, we identified a novel two-gene MPE-Mφ signature, IL-1β and TGF-β1, representing the M1/M2 tendency, which showed a strong predictive power in patient outcomes in our MPE-Mφ patient cohort (N = 60, p = 0.013) and The Cancer Genome Atlas Lung Adenocarcinoma dataset (N = 478, p < 0.0001). Significantly, β-glucan worked synergistically with IFN-γ to reverse the risk signature by repolarizing the MPE-Mφ toward the M1 pattern, enhancing anti-cancer activity.

Conclusions
We identified MPE-Mφ on the M1/M2 spectrum and plasticity and described a two-gene M1/M2 signature that could predict the outcome of late-stage lung cancer patients. In addition, we found that “re-education” of these MPE-Mφ toward anti-cancer M1 macrophages using clinically applicable strategies may overcome tumor immune escape and benefit anti-cancer therapies.
Erarbeitung eines neuen Verfahrenskonzeptes zur Erzeugung innovativer Mineralprodukte aus sekundären Rohstoffquellen
Authors: Spieß Valentin , Theiss Johannes , Flachberger Helmut 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie in der Vergangenheit angefallenen und in der Zukunft anfallenden Aufbereitungsabgänge der KAMIG Österreichische Kaolin- und Montanindustrie Aktiengesellschaft Nfg. Komm. Ges. sollen nutzbar gemacht werden. Dazu wurde das strategische Forschungsprojekt „Erarbeitung eines neuen Verfahrenskonzeptes zur Erzeugung innovativer Mineralprodukte aus sekundären Rohstoffquellen“ mit dem Lehrstuhl für Aufbereitung und Veredlung der Montanuniversität Leoben initiiert. Die Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur vollständigen Nutzung der Minerale aus den unterschiedlichen Halden und Schlickerteichen der KAMIG ist das Ziel. Konkret sollen neben marktfähigen Kaolinprodukten auch hochqualitative Quarzprodukte für beispielsweise die Glasindustrie, Feldspatprodukte sowie Seltene-Erden-(Vor‑)Konzentrate hergestellt werden können.
Energy balance closure and advective fluxes at ADVEX sites
Authors: Moderow Uta , Grünwald Thomas , Queck Ronald , Spank Uwe , Bernhofer Christian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhen measuring the energy balance at the earth’s surface using the Eddy covariance technique, the obtained budgets seldom produce a closed energy balance. The measurements often miss some of the energy fluxes. A possible reason is the neglect of non-turbulent surface fluxes of latent heat and sensible heat, i.e. advective fluxes of these quantities. We present estimates of advective latent and sensible heat fluxes for three different sites across Europe based on the ADVEX dataset. The obtained horizontal and vertical advective fluxes were site-specific and characterized by large scatter. In relative terms, the data indicated that the sensible heat budget was less affected by advection than the latent heat budget during nighttime; this is because vertical turbulent latent heat fluxes were very small or close to zero during the night. The results further showed that the additional energy gain by sensible heat advection might have triggered enhanced evaporation for two sites during nighttime. Accounting for advective fluxes improved the energy balance closure for one of the three ADVEX sites. However, the energy balance closure of the other two sites did not improve overall. A comparison with energy balance residuals (energy missed by the measurements without accounting for advection) indicated a large influence of systematic errors. An inspection of the energy balance for the sloped site of the ADVEX dataset underlined the necessity of slope-parallel measurement of radiation.
The clinical usage of liposomal amphotericin B in patients receiving renal replacement therapy in Japan: a nationwide observational study
Authors: Obata Yoko , Takazono Takahiro , Tashiro Masato , Ota Yuki , Wakamura Tomotaro , Takahashi Akinori , Sato Kumiko , Miyazaki Taiga , Nishino Tomoya , Izumikawa Koichi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB), a broad-spectrum antifungicidal drug, is often used to treat fungal infections. However, clinical evidence of its use in patients with renal dysfunction, especially those receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT), is limited. Therefore, we evaluated the usage and occurrence of adverse reactions during L-AMB therapy in patients undergoing RRT.

Methods
Using claims data and laboratory data, we retrospectively evaluated patients who were administered L-AMB. The presence of comorbidities, mortality rate, treatment with L-AMB and other anti-infective agents, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between patients receiving RRT, including continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and maintenance hemodialysis (HD), and those that did not receive RRT.

Results
In total, 900 cases met the eligibility criteria: 24, 19, and 842 cases in the maintenance HD, CRRT, and non-RRT groups, respectively. Of the patients administered L-AMB, mortality at discharge was higher for those undergoing either CRRT (15/19; 79%) or maintenance HD (16/24; 67%) than for those not receiving RRT (353/842; 42%). After propensity score matching, the average daily and cumulative dose, treatment duration, and dosing interval for L-AMB were not significantly different between patients receiving and not receiving RRT. L-AMB was used as the first-line antifungal agent for patients undergoing CRRT in most cases (12/19; 63%). Although the number of subjects was limited, the incidence of adverse events did not markedly differ among the groups.

Conclusion
L-AMB may be used for patients undergoing maintenance HD or CRRT without any dosing, duration, or interval adjustments.
Are teachers techno-optimists or techno-pessimists? A pilot comparative among teachers in Bolivia, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Finland, Poland, Turkey, and Uruguay
Authors: Tomczyk Łukasz , Jáuregui Vladimir Costas , de La Higuera Amato Cibelle Albuquerque , Muñoz Darwin , Arteaga Magali , Oyelere Solomon Sunday , Akyar Özgür Yaşar , Porta Mariana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of the article is to highlight the key elements related to the implementation of new technologies in education from the perspective of the opinions and experiences of educators in the field in Bolivia, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Finland, Poland, Turkey, and Uruguay. The text compares issues related to attitudes towards the use of new media in education, experiences with different forms of e-learning, and the level of restrictions on the use of smartphones in school. These variables are juxtaposed with the self-assessment of digital competence and how cyberspace is used. The survey was conducted using a standardised survey questionnaire translated into the relevant national languages in the first half of 2019, and involved a sample of 873 teachers representing eight countries. On the basis of the pilot studies it was noted that: 1) Teachers from LAC and EU like to use digital media - this is a constant trend independent of geographical location; 2) Teachers note that new technologies are not always better than analogue didactic aids; 3) Teachers from selected countries (the Dominican Republic, Brazil, Turkey, and Uruguay) have much greater techno-optimism in themselves than teachers from Bolivia, Poland, Finland and Turkey in terms of the impact of ICT on student motivation and engagement; 4) In all countries teachers prefer free online courses (the different forms of e-learning are used most often by those in the Dominican Republic, and the least often in Bolivia and Poland); 5) In each country teachers who highly value their own digital competences and have a positive attitude towards new media use ICT much more actively; 6) There is also a global trend in that the extensive use of cyberspace (typical e-services) appears in combination with the extensive use of various forms of e-learning; 7) Teachers from Ecuador are most likely to want to ban the use of smartphones in schools. The most liberal approach in this respect is taken by the Uruguayans; 8) The knowledge of the conditions related to restricting the use of smartphones goes beyond the analyses related to the style of use and attitude towards new media. This article is the result of pilot studies conducted within the framework of the SMART ECOSYSTEM FOR LEARNING AND INCLUSION project carried out in selected Latin American, Caribbean (LAC) and European (EU) countries.
We need to talk about deception in social robotics!
Authors: Sharkey Amanda , Sharkey Noel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough some authors claim that deception requires intention, we argue that there can be deception in social robotics, whether or not it is intended. By focusing on the deceived rather than the deceiver, we propose that false beliefs can be created in the absence of intention. Supporting evidence is found in both human and animal examples. Instead of assuming that deception is wrong only when carried out to benefit the deceiver, we propose that deception in social robotics is wrong when it leads to harmful impacts on individuals and society. The appearance and behaviour of a robot can lead to an overestimation of its functionality or to an illusion of sentience or cognition that can promote misplaced trust and inappropriate uses such as care and companionship of the vulnerable. We consider the allocation of responsibility for harmful deception. Finally, we make the suggestion that harmful impacts could be prevented by legislation, and by the development of an assessment framework for sensitive robot applications.
Pre-radiosurgery leucocyte ratios and modified glasgow prognostic score predict survival in non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases patients
Authors: Cho Anna , Untersteiner Helena , Hirschmann Dorian , Fitschek Fabian , Dorfer Christian , Rössler Karl , Zöchbauer-Müller Sabine , Gatterbauer Brigitte , Hochmair Maximilian J. , Frischer Josa M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The predictive value of the pre-radiosurgery Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio (LMR) and the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) was assessed for the first time in a homogenous group of NSCLC brain metastaes (BM) patients.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 185 NSCLC-BM patients, who were treated with Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS). Patients with immunotherapy or targeted therapy were excluded. Routine laboratory parameters were reviewed within 14 days before GKRS1.

Results
Median survival after GKRS1 was significantly longer in patients with NLR < 5 (p < 0.001), PLR < 180 (p = 0.003) and LMR ≥ 4 (p = 0.023). The Cox regression model for the continuous metric values revealed that each increase in the NLR of 1 equaled an increase of 4.3% in risk of death (HR: 1.043; 95%CI = 1.020–1.067, p < 0.001); each increase in the PLR of 10 caused an increase of 1.3% in risk of death (HR: 1.013; 95%CI = 1.004–1.021; p = 0.003) and each increase in the LMR of 1 equaled a decrease of 20.5% in risk of death (HR: 0.795; 95%CI = 0.697–0.907; p = 0.001). Moreover, the mGPS group was a highly significant predictor for survival after GKRS1 (p < 0.001) with a HR of 2.501 (95%CI = 1.582–3.954; p < 0.001). NLR, PLR, LMR values and mGPS groups were validated as independent prognostic factors for risk of death after adjusting for sex, KPS, age and presence of extracranial metastases.

Conclusion
NLR, PLR, LMR and mGPS represent effective and simple tools to predict survival in NSCLC patients prior to radiosurgery for brain metastases.
Overexpression of AtBBX29 Improves Drought Tolerance by Maintaining Photosynthesis and Enhancing the Antioxidant and Osmolyte Capacity of Sugarcane Plants
Authors: Mbambalala Nelisa , Panda Sanjib K. , van der Vyver Christell 
Published: November 2020

AbstractB-box proteins have emerged as prominent mechanisms for controlling growth and developmental processes and in some instances responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. These proteins mediate transcriptional regulations and protein–protein interactions in cellular signalling processes. B-box proteins thereby play an important role in coordinating physiological and biochemical pathway flux and are therefore ideal targets for controlling stress responses in plants. In this study, the overexpression of anArabidopsis thalianaB-box gene(BBX29)in sugarcane (Saccharumspp. hybrid) has led to enhanced drought tolerance and delayed senescence under water-deficit conditions when compared to the wild-type plants. Transgenic plants maintained a higher relative water content and better protected its photosynthetic machinery. These plants accumulated more proline and displayed enhanced enzymatic antioxidant activity under drought conditions. Overexpression ofAtBBX29further alleviated the build-up of reactive oxygen species and curtailed oxidative damage, resulting in transgenic plants with improved health and higher survival rates during dehydration. Our results suggested that theAtBBX29gene influenced an array of physiological and biochemical mechanisms in sugarcane to the advantage of the crop and might be a target to genetically engineer drought tolerance into sugarcane. This is the first report to elucidate B-box protein functionality in a polyploid crop such as sugarcane.
Labor Market Conditions and Partisan Voting: How Unemployment Hurts the Left
Authors: Brännlund Anton 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFluctuations in the labor market are a natural part of the business cycle, and they have attracted attention from political scientists for decades. Some scholars argue that left-wing parties benefit from rising rates of unemployment while others claim that voters rally behind conservative parties when the labor market weakens. I argue that the heterogeneous response of voters to a rise in the unemployment rate is due to differences in asset wealth. Put simply, the well-off have less need for social insurance, so they vote for conservative parties in order to put a cap on social spending when the unemployment rate rises; by contrast, asset-less voter opt for the left, with an eye to preserving their entitlements. I show with panel data from Swedish electoral districts that left-wing parties gain an electoral advantage when the local unemployment rate rises in less well-off areas, but they lose support when unemployment rises in wealthier districts.
Ecotoxicity of oil sludges and residuals from their washing with surfactants: soil dehydrogenase and ryegrass germination tests
Authors: Ramirez Diego , Shaw Liz J. , Collins Chris D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOil sludge washing (OSW) with surfactants and co-solvents is used to recover the oil, and this process leaves some residuals (sediments and surfactant solution). Currently, there are no data on the ecotoxicological effects of these OSW residuals from different sludges. This study evaluated the toxicity of OSW residuals from washing four types of oil sludges with five surfactants (Triton X-100 and X-114, Tween 80, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and rhamnolipid) and a co-solvent (cyclohexane). The toxicity of the residuals was evaluated with the impact on the soil microbial dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) seed germination. There was a high DHA detected directly in the sludges and all OSW residual combinations, but this activity could not be attributed to the DHA itself but to some chemical interferences. The DHA was then tested in the soils amended with the OSW residuals to simulate a bioremediation scenario. There were no chemical interferences in this case. In general, the INTF concentrations were significantly higher at low concentrations, 1 and 5% (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the DHA at high concentrations of OSW residuals (10, 25 and 50%) which implied that the concentration of the contaminants is not directly proportional to the levels of ecotoxicity. Unexpectedly, the INTF values of the 10, 25 and 50% rhamnolipid-OSW residuals were significantly lower than the Triton X-100 residuals. The ryegrass germination rates were higher than 70% with no apparent phytotoxicity symptoms in the seedlings. Particularly, there was a highly significant negative effect of the residuals on the germination rates at high concentrations (p < 0.01). Given that the extractable petroleum hydrocarbon (EPH) concentrations in the OSW residual-amended soils in both DHA and germination tests were very low (13–21 ppm), other co-contaminants could be contributing to the toxicity. These findings implied that biotreatment techniques can be applied to treat the OSW residuals if necessary.
Effect of Surface Roughness on Oxidation Resistance of Stainless Steel AISI 316Ti During Exposure at High Temperature
Authors: Nowak Wojciech J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the present work, the influence of surface roughness on oxidation kinetics of AISI 316Ti stainless steel and its consequences in term of oxidation resistance were investigated. Namely, the effect of surface roughness on oxidation resistance was evaluated during different types of cyclic oxidation tests at 900 and 1000 °C. The obtained results revealed that alloy possessing higher surface roughness showed longer lifetime compared to that with lower surface roughness. It was also found that more severe cyclic conditions suppressed the positive effect of surface roughness on sample’s lifetime. The better oxidation resistance of rougher alloy was correlated with suppressed formation of Fe-rich nodules on ground surfaces and explained by the combined effect of introduced defects in the near-surface region and possible increase in residual stresses caused by mechanical surface preparation.