bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proper mechanical stress promotes femoral head recovery from steroid-induced osteonecrosis in rats through the OPG/RANK/RANKL system
Authors: Fu Dapeng , Qin Kairong , Yang Sheng , Lu Jianmin , Lian Haoyi , Zhao Dewei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Long-term use of steroid may lead to osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Mechanical stress may help bone formation and remodeling. This study aimed to probe the role of mechanical stress in the femoral head recovery in rats.

Methods
Rat models with ONFH were induced by steroid. Rats were subjected to different levels of mechanical stress (weight-bearing training), and then the morphology and bone density of femoral head of rats were measured. The mRNA and protein levels of the OPG/RANK/RANKL axis in rat femoral head were assessed. Gain- and loss-of function experiments of OPG were performed to identify its role in femoral head recovery following stress implement. The ex vivo cells were extracted and the effects of stress and OPG on osteogenesis in vitro were explored.

Results
Steroid-induced ONFH rats showed decreased bone density and increased bone spaces, as well as necrotic cell colonies and many cavities in the cortical bones and trabeculars. Proper mechanical stress or upregulation of OPG led to decreased RANK/RANKL expression and promoted femoral head recovery from steroid-induced osteonecrosis. However, excessive mechanical stress might impose too much load on the femurs thus leading even retard femoral head recovery process. In addition, the in vitro experimental results supported that proper stress and overexpression of OPG increased the osteogenesis of ex vivo cells of femoral head.

Conclusion
This study provided evidence that proper mechanical stress promoted femoral head recovery from steroid-induced osteonecrosis through the OPG/RANK/RANKL system, while overload might inhibit the recovery process. This study may offer novel insights for ONFH treatment.
Impact of diabetes mellitus on mortality in patients with acute heart failure: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kong Min Gyu , Jang Se Yong , Jang Jieun , Cho Hyun-Jai , Lee Sangjun , Lee Sang Eun , Kim Kye Hun , Yoo Byung-Su , Kang Seok-Min , Baek Sang Hong , Choi Dong-Ju , Jeon Eun-Seok , Kim Jae-Joong , Cho Myeong-Chan , Chae Shung Chull , Oh Byung-Hee , Lim Soo , Park Sue K. , Lee Hae-Young 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Although more than one-third of the patients with acute heart failure (AHF) have diabetes mellitus (DM), it is unclear if DM has an adverse impact on clinical outcomes. This study compared the outcomes in patients hospitalized for AHF stratified by DM and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Methods
The Korean Acute Heart Failure registry prospectively enrolled and followed 5625 patients from March 2011 to February 2019. The primary endpoints were in-hospital and overall all-cause mortality. We evaluated the impact of DM on these endpoints according to HF subtypes and glycemic control.

Results
During a median follow-up of 3.5 years, there were 235 (4.4%) in-hospital mortalities and 2500 (46.3%) overall mortalities. DM was significantly associated with increased overall mortality after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.22). In the subgroup analysis, DM was associated with higher a risk of overall mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) only (adjusted HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.27). Inadequate glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7.0% within 1 year after discharge) was significantly associated with a higher risk of overall mortality compared with adequate glycemic control (HbA1c < 7.0%) (44.0% vs. 36.8%, log-rank p = 0.016).

Conclusions
DM is associated with a higher risk of overall mortality in AHF, especially HFrEF. Well-controlled diabetes (HbA1c < 7.0%) is associated with a lower risk of overall mortality compared to uncontrolled diabetes.
Trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT01389843. Registered July 6, 2011. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01389843
Adolescents with full or subthreshold anorexia nervosa in a naturalistic sample: treatment interventions and patient satisfaction
Authors: Lindstedt Katarina , Forss Emma , Elwin Marie , Kjellin Lars , Gustafsson Sanna Aila 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite major research efforts, current recommendations of treatment interventions for adolescents with anorexia nervosa are scarce, and the importance of patient satisfaction for treatment outcome is yet to be established. The overall aim of the present study was to examine treatment interventions and patient satisfaction in a naturalistic sample of adolescents with anorexia nervosa or subthreshold anorexia nervosa and possible associations to outcome defined as being in remission or not at treatment follow-up.MethodsParticipants were identified through the Swedish national quality register for eating disorder treatment (SwEat). The samples consisted of 1899 patients who were follow-up registered 1 year after entering treatment and 474 patients who had completed a 1-year patient satisfaction questionnaire. A two-step cluster analysis was used for identifying subgroups of patients who received certain combinations and various amounts of treatment forms.ResultsPatients who received mainly family-based treatment and/or inpatient care were most likely to achieve remission at 1-year follow-up, compared to patients in the other clusters. They were also younger, in general. Individual therapy was the most common treatment form, and was most appreciated among the adolescents. At 1-year follow-up, many patients reported improvements in eating habits, but far fewer reported improvements regarding cognitive symptoms. Overall, the patients rated the therapist relationship in a rather positive way, but they gave quite low ratings to statements associated with their own participation in treatment.ConclusionsThe results indicate that young adolescents who receive mainly family-based treatment and/or inpatient care respond more rapidly to treatment compared to older adolescents who receive mainly individual therapy or mixed treatment interventions. At 1-year follow-up, the adolescents reported improvements in behavioral symptoms and seemed quite satisfied with the therapist relationship.
The first quarter of the C-terminal domain of Abelson regulates the WAVE regulatory complex and Enabled in axon guidance
Authors: Cheong Han Sian Joshua , Nona Mark , Guerra Samantha Barbara , VanBerkum Mark Francis 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Abelson tyrosine kinase (Abl) plays a key role in axon guidance in linking guidance receptors to actin dynamics. The long C-terminal domain (CTD) of Drosophila Abl is important for this role, and previous work identified the ‘first quarter’ (1Q) of the CTD as essential. Here, we link the physical interactions of 1Q binding partners to Abl’s function in axon guidance.

Methods
Protein binding partners of 1Q were identified by GST pulldown and mass spectrometry, and validated using axon guidance assays in the embryonic nerve cord and motoneurons. The role of 1Q was assessed genetically, utilizing a battery of Abl transgenes in combination with mutation or overexpression of the genes of pulled down proteins, and their partners in actin dynamics. The set of Abl transgenes had the following regions deleted: all of 1Q, each half of 1Q (‘eighths’, 1E and 2E) or a PxxP motif in 2E, which may bind SH3 domains.

Results
GST pulldown identified Hem and Sra-1 as binding partners of 1Q, and our genetic analyses show that both proteins function with Abl in axon guidance, with Sra-1 likely interacting with 1Q. As Hem and Sra-1 are part of the actin-polymerizing WAVE regulatory complex (WRC), we extended our analyses to Abi and Trio, which interact with Abl and WRC members. Overall, the 1Q region (and especially 2E and its PxxP motif) are important for Abl’s ability to work with WRC in axon guidance. These areas are also important for Abl’s ability to function with the actin regulator Enabled. In comparison, 1E contributes to Abl function with the WRC at the midline, but less so with Enabled.

Conclusions
The 1Q region, and especially the 2E region with its PxxP motif, links Abl with the WRC, its regulators Trio and Abi, and the actin regulator Ena. Removing 1E has specific effects suggesting it may help modulate Abl’s interaction with the WRC or Ena. Thus, the 1Q region of Abl plays a key role in regulating actin dynamics during axon guidance.
Development and application of a rapid HPLC method for simultaneous determination of hyperoside, isoquercitrin and eleutheroside E in Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus
Authors: Shen Jie , Yang Kai , Jiang Cheng , Ma Xiao-qiong , Zheng Min-xia , Sun Cai-hua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractApocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus have been used for hundreds of years to treat hypertension in China. In previous research, there was not a suitable quality control of method for the formulas of Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus. It is urgent and essential to develop modern analytical methods for Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus to ensure the quality of the formulas. A rapid approach for simultaneous determination of hyperoside, isoquercitrin and eleutheroside E in Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector was described and validated. The full method validation, including the linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, repeatability, stability and recovery, was examined. All target components, including isomers of hyperoside and isoquercitrin, were baseline separated in 35 min. The developed method was sensitive, reliable and feasible. With this method, the optimal decoction conditions of Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus were selected, and their quality analysis was carried out. Furthermore, an herbal compatibility study of Apocynum venetum L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus based on detecting variations in the content of their active ingredients was performed by the developed HPLC method. It could be an alternative for the quantitative analysis of herbs that contain hyperoside, isoquercitrin or (and) eleutheroside E in the future.
Effects of Training With Free Weights Versus Machines on Muscle Mass, Strength, Free Testosterone, and Free Cortisol Levels
Authors: Schwanbeck Shane R. , Cornish Stephen M. , Barss Trevor , Chilibeck Philip D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Schwanbeck, SR, Cornish, SM, Barss, T, and Chilibeck, PD. Effects of training with free weights versus machines on muscle mass, strength, free testosterone, and free cortisol levels. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 1851–1859, 2020—Free weights offer a more unstable training environment, which enhances muscle recruitment, whereas some machines have the advantage of using a “cam” pulley system that better matches strength curves. We compared the effect of training with free weights vs. machines on muscle mass, strength, free testosterone, and free cortisol concentrations. Forty-six subjects (26 women; 22 ± 3 years) were randomized to train using free weights or machines for 8 weeks (with each muscle group trained 2–3/weeks, 3–4 sets of 4–10 repetitions). Muscle thickness and strength were measured at 0 and 8 weeks. Salivary hormone concentrations were assessed before and at the end of workouts at the beginning, midway (4 weeks), and end (8 weeks) of the training intervention. Biceps and quadriceps muscle thickness increased (p < 0.01) with no difference between groups. There was a group × time interaction for machine bench press strength (p = 0.05) with the machine group increasing more than the free-weight group (13.9 vs. 8.6%). Free-weight bench press and squat, and Smith machine squat strength increased in both groups (11–19%; p < 0.01) with no difference between groups. Men in the free-weight group had a greater increase in free testosterone from before to after acute training sessions than men in the machine group and all women (p < 0.01); however, there was no differences between groups in free cortisol response to acute resistance exercise. Training sessions with free weights induced greater increases in free testosterone in men; however, training with free weights or machines resulted in similar increases in muscle mass and strength.
The effectiveness of the protective role of beetroot juice for the male reproductive system of albino rats against the toxicity of cadmium chloride
Authors: Razooqi AL-Janabi Qasim Azeez , Khamees Shaban Rashid , Hasan AL-Kraie Noor Ibrahem 
Published: May 2020

This study was designed to evaluate the protective role of beetroot juice against the toxicity of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in male albino rats.
The study included 20 male albino rats ages ranged between (2-3 months) and weights ranged between (220-260g), which were randomly distributed into 4 groups, the first group that has been promised to control group was given distilled water, the second group was given beetroot juice 10 ml/kg b.w., group third was given at a dose of cadmium chloride 5 mg/kg b.w. for 30 days, which promised an infected control, and the fourth group were treated beetroot juice 10 ml/kg b. w. with cadmium chloride.
The results showed that the treatment of animals cadmium chloride led group to a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the hormonal serum, to negative effects on of the natural shape of the sperm and to negative effects cleared on histological in testes tissues compared with the control group, In general has dosage rats treatment cadmium chloride juice of beetroot, to the positive improvement for most of the values ​​of previous indicators has led to increase significantly, the concentration of the LH, FSH and Testosterone hormone , to an improvement in the natural shape of the sperm, decreased significantly in the form abnormal sperm, led to an improvement cleared tissue in these totals became approach with what has been observed in the control group.

http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.007
Estimation of the level of homocysteine and vitamin B12 in serum of patients with hypothyroidism
Authors: Adnan Otla Asala , Ahmed Saleh Nadia 
Published: May 2020

In this study, homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels were measured in patients with hypothyroidism in Salahdin Governorate. The study was conducted at the Tigris Educational Hospital in Tikrit. Blood samples were taken from patients with hypothyroidism (40 cases) with thyroid deficiency and 30 healthy (non-infected) subjects. Their ages ranged between 25-35 years. The study found that there was a significant increase p<0.05 in the homocysteine level compared to the healthy Individuals as control group. The study also showed a significant decrease in the level of vitamin B12 for patients p <0.05 compared to healthy individuals .

http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.011
Assessment of Growth Hormone , Insulin and Vit.D2 Levels for Children Suffering from Hypoweight in Kirkuk City
Authors: Ibrahim1 Nuha K. , Abdulrahman2 Sahib J. 
Published: May 2020

This study was done in the Pediatric General Hospital and Al-azadi Educational Hospital , the period from September 2017 to February 2018, aimed to evaluate levels of Growth hormone (GH), Insulin and Vit.D3 levels for children suffering from hypoweight aged (1-5)years, include 40 child, in addition to 20 healthy child. A medical syringe was used for collecting blood samples, drawing (5)ml of venues blood from them and put it in test tube free from any coagulation material, it was put in centrifuge (3000rpm, 15min) for purpose obtaining blood serum then serum are separate and drawn by micropipette put it in a test tube used for (Growth Hormone, Insulin and Vit.D) tests. After test complete, the results of study showed a significant decrease (p≤ 0.01) in GH, Insulin and Vit.D2 levels.

http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.065
Parametric Study on Unconnected Piled Raft Foundation Using Numerical Modelling
Authors: Alhassani Athraa Mohammed Jawad , Aljorany Ala Nasir 
Published: May 2020

Piled raft is commonly used as foundation for high rise buildings. The design concept of piled raft foundation is to minimize the number of piles, and to utilize the entire bearing capacity. High axial stresses are therefore, concentrated at the region of connection between the piles and raft. Recently, an alternative technique is proposed to disconnect the piles from the raft in a so called unconnected piled raft (UCPR) foundation, in which a compacted soil layer (cushion) beneath the raft, is usually introduced. The piles of the new system are considered as reinforcement members for the subsoil rather than as structural members. In the current study, the behavior of unconnected piled rafts systems has been studied numerically by means of 3D Finite Element analysis via ABAQUS software. The numerical analysis was carried out to investigate the effect of thickness and stiffness of the cushion, pile length, stiffness of foundation soil, and stiffness of bearing soil on the performance of the unconnected piled raft. The results indicate that when unconnected piles are used, the axial stress along the pile is significantly reduced e.g. the axial stress at head of unconnected pile is decreased by 37.8% compared with that related to connected pile. It is also found that the stiffness and thickness of the cushion, and stiffness of foundation soil have considerable role on reduction the settlement.
Yazlık Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotiplerinin Tarımsal Özellikler Bakımından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Mehmet KARAMAN  
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışma, 2011-2012 üretim sezonunda Diyarbakır Merkezde yürütülmüştür. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Deneme materyalini 25 genotip oluşturmuştur. İncele-nen tüm özellikler yönünden, genotipler arasında p≤0.01 düzeyinde önemli farklılıklar olduğu belirlenmiştir. GGE biplot ve korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre; tane verimi (TV) ile hektolitre (HL) ve bin tane ağırlığı (BT) arasında pozitif ve önemli, protein (PR) ve yaş guluten (YG) oranı ile negatif ve önemli ilişki olduğu gö-rülmüştür. Ayrıca, tane sertliği (SRT) ile TV, HL ve BT arasında negatif korelasyon olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Biplot modeline göre; PC1 %36.39, PC2 %26.80, PC1+PC2 toplamda %63.19 oranında genotipler arasındaki varyasyonu açıklamıştır. TV’de G8, G11 ve G22, PR ve YG için G17 ve Sagittario en iyi hatlar olarak belir-lenmiştir. Özellikle, öne çıkan hatların takip edilerek çalışmanın bir yıl daha tekrarlanmasına ve G2, G4, G17, Sagittario çeşidinin kalite odaklı ıslah programlarında ebeveyn olarak kullanılmasına karar verilmiştir.
Muslim Ethics Emerging Vistas
Authors: Sajoo Amyn B. 
Published: May 2020

This open access books looks at recent political and social events as well as advances in science and technology have posed challenges to the traditional Muslim discourse on ethics. In this book Amyn B. Sajoo examines these challenges and critically analyses the implications of emerging initiatives in political pluralism and civic culture as well as moves in bio-medicine and environmental conservation. He considers how the contours of public ethics in Islam may be redefined to provide shared conceptions of the good and the practically useful in pluralist societies.
The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by The Institute of Ismaili Studies LTD.
Censorship in Czech and Hungarian Academic Publishing, 1969–89
Authors: Oates-Indruchová Libora 
Published: May 2020

How did writers convey ideas under the politically repressive conditions of state socialism? Did the perennial strategies to outwit the censors foster creativity or did unintentional self-censorship lead to the detriment of thought? Drawing on oral history and primary source material from the Editorial Board of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences and state science policy documents, Libora Oates-Indruchová explores to what extent scholarly publishing in state-socialist Czechoslovakia and Hungary was affected by censorship and how writers responded to intellectual un-freedom.
Divided into four main parts looking at the institutional context of censorship, the full trajectory of a manuscript from idea to publication, the author and their relationship to the text and language, this book provides a fascinating insight into the ambivalent beneficial and detrimental effects of censorship on scholarly work from the Prague Spring of 1968 to the Velvet Revolution of 1989.
Censorship in Czech and Hungarian Academic Publishing, 1969-89 also brings the historical censorship of state-socialism into the present, reflecting on the cultural significance of scholarly publishing in the light of current debates on the neoliberal academia and the future of the humanities.
Upregulation of cell surface GD3 ganglioside phenotype is associated with human melanoma brain metastasis
Authors: Ramos Romela Irene , Bustos Matias A. , Wu Jinfeng , Jones Peter , Chang Shu Ching , Kiyohara Eiji , Tran Kevin , Zhang Xiaoqing , Stern Stacey L. , Izraely Sivan , Sagi‐Assif Orit , Witz Isaac P. , Davies Michael A. , Mills Gordon B. , Kelly Daniel F. , Irie Reiko F. , Hoon Dave S. B. 
Published: May 2020

Melanoma metastasis to the brain is one of the most frequent extracranial brain tumors. Cell surface gangliosides are elevated in melanoma metastasis; however, the metabolic regulatory mechanisms that govern these specific changes are poorly understood in melanoma particularly brain metastases (MBM) development. We found ganglioside GD3 levels significantly upregulated in MBM compared to lymph node metastasis (LNM) but not for other melanoma gangliosides. Moreover, we demonstrated an upregulation of ST8SIA1 (GD3 synthase) as melanoma progresses from melanocytes to MBM cells. Using RNA‐ISH on FFPE specimens, we evaluated ST8SIA1 expression in primary melanomas (PRM) (n = 23), LNM and visceral metastasis (n = 45), and MBM (n = 39). ST8SIA1 was significantly enhanced in MBM compared to all other specimens. ST8SIA1 expression was assessed in clinically well‐annotated melanoma patients from multicenters with AJCC stage III B‐D LNM (n = 58) with 14‐year follow‐up. High ST8SIA1 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (HR = 3.24; 95% CI, 1.19–8.86, P = 0.02). In a nude mouse human xenograft melanoma brain metastasis model, MBM variants had higher ST8SIA1 expression than their respective cutaneous melanoma variants. Elevated ST8SIA1 expression enhances levels of cell surface GD3, a phenotype that favors MBM development, hence associated with very poor prognosis. Functional assays demonstrated that ST8SIA1 overexpression enhanced cell proliferation and colony formation, whereby ST8SIA1 knockdown had opposite effects. Icaritin a plant‐derived phytoestrogen treatment significantly inhibited cell growth in high GD3‐positive MBM cells through targeting the canonical NFκB pathway. The study demonstrates GD3 phenotype associates with melanoma progression and poor outcome.