bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered gut microbiota due to daily intake of flavonoid-rich orange juice regulate depressive symptoms
Authors: Park Miey , Choi Jihee , Lee Hae-Jeung 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Depression is not just a general mental health problem but a serious medical illness that can worsen without treatment. The gut microbiome plays a major role in the two-way communication system between the intestines and brain. The current study examined the effects of flavonoids on depression by observing the changes in the gut microbiome and depressive symptoms of young participants consuming flavonoid-rich orange juice. Results: All participants (Depression) were evaluated using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), a psychiatric screening tool used to detect preexisting psychiatric disorders, and were randomly divided into two groups: the orange juice (Depression_O) and flavored placebo (Depression_F) groups. For 8 weeks, flavonoid-rich orange juice (157.9±1.4 mg/100 g) or flavored placebo drink (28.4±0.7 mg/100 g) were consumed twice daily before breakfast and dinner. In total, 80 fecal samples from 40 participants (mean age, 21.83 years) were sequenced. Regarding depression, positive correlations were observed between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the Lachnospiraceae family (Lachnospiraceae_uc and Murimonas) before flavonoid-rich orange juice treatment. Most notably, the abundance of the Lachnospiraceae family (Lachnospiraceae_uc, Eubacterium_g4, Roseburia_uc, Coprococcus_g2_uc, Agathobacter_uc) had increased after flavonoid-rich orange juice treatment compared to that after flavored placebo treatment. We also validated the presence of unclassified Lachnospiraceae through sensitive real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction using stool samples from participants before and after flavonoid treatment. Conclusions: Our results provide novel interventional evidence that alteration in the microbiome due to flavonoid treatment is related to potential improvement in depression in young adults. Trial registration: This study was registered on the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) with the registration number KCT0004865.
Increased circulating microparticles and inflammatory factors aggravate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: GUO DA-ZHI , Lv Yan , Qi Ya’nan , Pan Shuyi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed tremendous challenges to the world's public health. The conditions of some patients can quickly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome and even death. Current studies suggest that an outbreak of inflammatory response known as cytokine storm may play a key role in the process. This study was performed to investigate the relativity of the production of circulating microparticles (cMPs) and the expression of inflammatory factors (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8 and IL-10) expression in the blood on the degree of COVID-19. Methods A total of 89 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were divided into four groups, namely, mild, moderate, severe and critically ill groups, according to China's COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment Program (6th trial version), and 30 healthy persons were selected as the control group. The groups were compared in terms of cMP production and IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels in their blood, and the correlation between cMP production and the expression of inflammatory factors with the degree of COVID-19 were analysed. Results Differences in cMP production and IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 expression levels among the five groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between cMP production or the expression of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 and the degree of COVID-19 (cMP, r=0.981; IL-6, r=0.954; IL-8, r=0.863; IL-10, r=0.895; P<0.05). Conclusion Increased levels of cMP, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 aggravate COVID-19. cMP production and the expression of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 may predict the degree of COVID-19 to a certain extent. The early inhibition of cMP overproduction and IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 expression may be an important therapeutic target for the prevention of COVID-19 progression.
Practicability and effectiveness of the unassisted HIV self-testing compared to the directly assisted HIV self-testing in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Randomized Implementation Trial
Authors: Tonen-Wolyec Serge , Tshilumba Charles Kayembe , Batina-Agasa Salomon , Djang’eing’a Roland Marini , Hayette Marie-Pierre , Bélec Laurent 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background. HIV self-testing (HIVST) may be use free or assisted by health care workers. The aim of this trial was to assess the practicability and effectiveness of unassisted HIVST (UH) versus directly assisted HIVST (DAH) in field settings in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Methods. A non-inferiority evaluation using a blood-based HIV self-test was conducted in Kisangani, DRC. Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to UH or DAH. Practicability was defined as the successful performance and the correct interpretation of the result. The linkage to care and the willingness to buy self-test constituted the outcome for HIVST effectiveness. Results. The rate of successful performance of the test was same (93.2%) in UH and DAH. The rate of correct interpretation of the results was 86.9% in UH versus 93.2% in DAH yielding the difference of -6.3% (95% CI: -10.8 to 2.5). UH significantly decreased the rate of correct interpretation of results as compared to DAH (aRR: 0.60 [95% CI: 0.36 to 0.98]; P=0.019). None significant difference was found between two arms in evaluating the linkage to care. Willingness to buy HIV self-test was higher in UH as compared to DAH (92.3% versus 74.1%; aRR: 4.20 [95% CI: 2.42 to 7.32]; P<0.001). Conclusion. This study demonstrates that both UH and DAH show high level of practicability and effectiveness for HIVST. However, additional support tools will be need to improve the practicability of the test in UH. Taken together, UH as well as DAH should improve access to HIV testing in DRC. Trial registration: PACTR201904546865585. Registered 03 April 2019 - Retrospectively registered, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=6032
An efficient estimator for source localization using TD and AOA measurements in MIMO radar systems
Authors: Liu Ming-Ming , Gao Weichen , Zhao Yan , Chang Xin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
By utilizing time delay (TD) and angle of arrival (AOA) measurements, three dimensional (3D) target localization based on multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) radar systems is studied in this letter. For such a positioning problem, the typical closed-form solution firstly establishes pseudolinear equation and then applies the weighted least squares (WLS) to determine the final position.However, the WLS solution often suffers performance degradation when the noise is large. To alleviate this problem, the cost function of the WLS is re-represented and a quadratic constraint is imposed such that the expectation of the cost function can attain the minimum value at the true position. Moreover, simulation experiments show that the proposed method performs better than the state-of art algorithms.
Comparative analysis of macrophage activation in the synovium of healthy and osteoarthritic equine joints
Authors: Menarim Bruno C. , Gillis Kirsten H. , Oliver Andrea , Ngo Ying , Werre Stephen R. , Barrett Sarah H. , Rodgerson Dwayne H. , Dahlgren Linda A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Synovitis is a major component of osteoarthritis and is driven primarily by macrophages. Synovial macrophages are crucial keepers of joint health by driving joint homeostasis, tissue repair and inflammation resolution (M2-like phenotype), but can also induce an inflammatory response (M1-like phenotype) when these regulatory functions are overwhelmed. Macrophage phenotypes in synovium from osteoarthritic and healthy joints are poorly characterized. Defining the patterns of synovial macrophage phenotypes in normal and osteoarthritic joints is paramount for developing targeted therapeutic approaches. The objective of this study was to compare patterns of macrophage activation phenotypes in healthy and osteoarthritic equine joints. We hypothesized that synovium from osteoarthritic joints would have increased M1-like:M2-like ratios compared to normal joints. Methods: Gross evaluation of the articular surfaces, histology (H&E) and immunohistochemistry for M1-like (CD86), M2-like (CD206, IL-10), and pan macrophage (CD14) markers was performed on synovial biopsies from healthy (n=29) and osteoarthritic equine joints (n=26). Cytokines (MCP-1, IL-10, PGE 2 , IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1ra) and growth factors (GM-CSF, SDF-1α+β, IGF-1, and FGF-2) in synovial fluid were quantified. Results: All macrophage markers were co-expressed in all joints with minimal differences between OA and normal joints. Intensity of expression varied with degree of synovial inflammation. CD14, CD86, CD206, and IL-10 were more highly expressed in grossly inflamed osteoarthritic synovium, with CD86 most highly expressed. Synovial fluid MCP-1 was higher in osteoarthritic joints while SDF-1 was lower. Overall, concentrations of synovial fluid IL-10 and PGE2 was not different between OA and normal joints. Increased CD14/CD86/CD206/Il-10 expression in the synovium was associated with synovial hyperplasia, consistent with macrophage recruitment and activation in response to higher demands for repair. Conclusions: Macrophages are not as clearly defined in vivo as they are in vitro . The course of an effective response to injury in joints should start with inflammation and be followed inflammation resolution, both of which centrally driven by macrophages. Combined, our findings suggest that homeostatic mechanisms from synovial macrophages are impaired in OA, resulting in unresolved, chronic joint inflammation. Therapeutic approaches aimed at recovering mechanisms of macrophage-driven synovial homeostasis may be more effective in treating osteoarthritis than simply inhibiting inflammation.
The efficacy of anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) as reference for anatomical axis of femur in Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Yan Yan , Feifan Lu , Chongjie Cheng , Qidong Zhang , Weiguo Wang , Wanshou Guo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose：We aim to figure out the deviation of using ASIS as the reference for femoral anatomical axis (AA) in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and the degree of angle between AA and actual mechanical axis (MA) in the coronal plane for patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Patients and Methods： Between December 2017 to December 2019, a total of 120 consecutive knees (104 patients) with severe medial compartment KOA were included in this study. The weight-bearing full-length radiographs of included knees were analyzed using Picture Archiving Communication System (PACS). The lines of AA, operation AA (oAA) and MA were identified. Angles between AA and oAA (Angle 1), AA and MA (Angle 2) were measured on the radiographs. Symbol “+” and ”-” were attached with angles between AA and oAA to describe the situation when oAA lies in the lateral or medial side of AA. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 23.0. A p values＜0.05 were considered to be significant. Results: The deviation angle between AA and oAA in the coronal plane (Angle 1) was (0.91±1.08)° (-2.61°-3.04°). The angle between AA and MA in the coronal plane (Angle 2) was (6.26±1.01）° (3.95°-8.93°). No significant differences of Angle 1 and Angle 2 were found between sexes. For knees with partial thickness cartilage loss (PTCL) (n=39) and full thickness cartilage loss (FTCL) (n=81), Angle 1 was statistically significantly different in the 120 knees (0.61°vs.1.05°;p=0.035). While the Angle 2 for knees with PTCL and FTCL was (6.13±0.80)° (4.83°-7.99°, p=0.326) and (6.32±1.09)° (3.95°-8.93°, p=0.326), respectively. Conclusion：A mean deviation angle of 0.91° was identified between AA and oAA, the value of which could be larger in knees with FTCL. ASIS may not be a reliable reference for AA of femur in UKA patients. And an adjustment of at most 1.0°of varus angle may help achieve better coronal alignment.
Total knee arthroplasty in advanced active tuberculous arthritis of the knee
Authors: Wang Jingsheng , Liu Tingting , Zou Apeng , Shi Qingpeng , Zhou Baisui , Zhao Shanrun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: While studies have indicated that total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is effective to treat the patients with advanced tuberculosis (TB) of the knee joint a consensus of views regarding surgical timing, prosthesis selection, and peri-operative antitubercular therapy has not been reached. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of TKA in the patients with advanced active tuberculous arthritis of the knee. Methods: Eight patients with advanced active tuberculous arthritis of the knee were reviewed in this study from 2010 to 2017. The diagnosis of each patient was confirmed by postoperative histopathology revealing granulomatous lesions with epithelioid histiocytes surrounded by lymphocytes and positive acid-fast staining. Antitubercular medications and TKA with primary prosthesis were performed in all patients with one-stage TKA in six and two-stage in two. Local symptoms, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values were used for detecting the recurrence of tuberculosis. The hospital for special surgery knee score (HSS) system was used to evaluate the function outcomes of the involved knees. Results: Within an average follow-up period of 48.8 months, no recurrence of tuberculous infection was found in any of the patients. The ESR became normal (below 20 mm/h) within six months after TKA in all patients. The average HSS score improved from 32.4 ± 8.6(18-42) points preoperatively to 85.6 ± 9.7(68-94) points 1.5-2.0 years after surgery (p<0.001). All knees showed good integrity and no loosening of prosthesis was found. Conclusions: TKA for advanced active tuberculosis of the knee is a safe procedure providing symptomatic relief and functional improvement. A long infection-free interval is not a prerequisite for TKA. Wide surgical debridement and adequate post-operative antitubercular chemotherapy are the mainstay to eradicate the infection.
Pathological mechanism of hidden blood loss after TKA: oxidative stress induced by free fatty acids
Authors: Yuan Tao , Yu Xin , Qian Hong , Meng Jia , Jiang Hui , Yang Shaoqiang , Bao Nirong , Zhao Jianning 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective: To study the correlation between high-level free fat acids（FFA）and red blood cell (RBC) injury and to explore the pathological mechanism of hidden blood loss (HBL) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods: Perioperative blood indexes were tested in 120 patients underwent unilateral total knee replacement for end-stage knee osteoarthritis. Venous blood samples were collected before operation and 24h, 48h, 72h and 120 h after operations. The changes of FFA, hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cell number in the blood samples were detected by automatic hematology analyzer. The activity of glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in the blood were measured. Measurement of reactive oxygen species（ROS）was performed by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, the morphological changes of RBC were analyzed under microscope. Results: Significant hidden blood loss was observed for all patients. The Hb content, RBC and hematocrit（Hct）decreased significantly 24 h after surgery (P <0.05)，while FFA concentration was significantly increased and heteromorphic red blood cells appeared under the microscope. The hemoglobin content decreased to the lowest level at 48 h after the operation (P < 0.01). The change of HBL was the most significant according to the Gross equation with the levels of FFA and ROS in the blood increased significantly and reached the peak at 48 h after operation (P <0.01). Meanwhile, GSH-PX activity, T-SOD activity and H2O2 levels significantly decreased compared with preoperative tested samples (P <0.01). Microscopically, erythrocyte atypia increased significantly with cellular rupture and necrosis identified. After 72 h of operation, ROS concentration began to decline along with FFA concentration. However, the Hb and RBC began to rise. Also, GSH-Px activity, T-SOD activity and H2O2 levels increased as well. All tested parameters tended to return to normal levels five days after surgery.Conclusion: High levels of FFA in blood can induce oxidative stress and damage RBCs, which in turns causes HBL after surgery.
Water pipe Smoking: Prevalence and Addiction among University students in Palestine, Jordan, and Turkey
Authors: Hawash mohammed , Mosleh Rami , Hanani Ahmad , Jarar Yazun , Hajyousef Yousef 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Smoking is one of the main causes of lung cancer. It was estimated that tobacco smoking might kill 10 million people annually in the next 20–30 years, and Shisha smoking has been a common habit worldwide during the last 20 years, especially in the Middle East. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Shisha smoking and to make comparisons among three countries in the Middle East, thereby establishing factors associated with shisha smoking among university students in Palestine, Jordan, and Turkey. Method An online cross-sectional study was carried out among university students from Palestine, Jordan, and Turkey. A total of 2030 students were selected for the study. The students were asked to answer an online structured questionnaire consisting of questions concerning the prevalence and patterns of Water pipe smoking and associated factors. Result The overall prevalence of Water pipe smoking was 31.8%. Less than a quarter of university students (21.7%) had ever smoked Water pipe. The highest percentage of current Water pipe smokers were Palestinians (36.11%), and the lowest percentage was from Turkey (20.23%). Approximately 43% of Water pipe smokers believe that they will be addicted to Water pipe smoking and almost half of them smoke Water pipe daily. The highest percentage of Water pipe smokers were university students 25 years old and above. However, the highest percentages of university students who are Water pipe smokers were students with a low monthly income. The university students living with their families were smoking Water pipe less frequently than students living in private residencies. Conclusion This study concludes that there is a high prevalence of Water pipe smoking among university students in Palestine, Jordan, and Turkey. The highest percentage was found among Palestinians, which might be because there are no Water pipe smoking regulations in Palestine, whereas there are in Turkey. Monthly income and living with the family were factors affecting the prevalence of Water pipe smoking.
Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells Recover Mouse model of Parkinson’s Disease mainly by Neuroprotective，Anti-oxidative and Anti-inflammatory factors
Authors: Zhang Jiaofei , Li Hui , Yang Hao , Lin Jianhua , Wang You , Zhang Qianjun , Gao Wei-Qiang , Xu Huiming 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) have been reported to have neuroprotective roles in neurological diseases including Parkinson’s Disease (PD) in animal models. However, the mechanism is not fully understood.Materials and method : Firstly, hAECs were transplanted into the striatum of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ( MPTP )-induced PD mice. And the motor deficits were tested by Rotarod test. Secondly, injury severity of nigral dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra and striatal axon fibers in PD mice was estimated by immunochemistry with tyrosine hydroxylase antibody. Thirdly, neuroinflammation was measured by microglial activation and the level of inflammatory factor levels. Lastly, the oxidative stress was tested by the level of reactive oxidative species (ROS) levels. In vitro, we examined a full spectrum of soluble proteins of hAECs by Raybiotech human Antibody Array 507. Besides, antibody neutralization experiments were used to determine the role of many factors on dopaminergic neurons.Results: hAECs significantly attenuated the motor deficits of PD mice. Moreover, the grafts prevented the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons, promoted the outgrowth of their neurites and striatal axon fibers in PD mice. More importantly, decreased microglial activation, inflammatory factor levels and MPTP-induced excessive ROS levels were also observed in hAEC-treated PD mice. In vitro, analysis of an antibody array of 507 soluble target proteins using hAEC-CM revealed that the levels of many neurotrophic factors, growth factors， neuronal cell adhesion molecule ( NrCAM )，and anti-inflammatory factors were evidently high. In addition, antibody neutralization experiments showed that many of them contributed to the survival and growth of dopaminergic neurons and the outgrowth of their neurites.Conclusion: Our study indicates that the neuroprotection effects by hAECs grafts are achieved not only by neuroprotection and neurite outgrowth-promoting activities, but also by anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation functions in the microenvironment of the damaged dopaminergic neurons, so to facilitate the restoration of neurological functions.
A possible Injectable Tissue Engineered Nucleus Pulposus constructed with platelet-rich plasma and ADSCs in Vitro
Authors: Zhang Zhicheng , Ma Jian , Ren Dajiang , Li Fang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Injectable tissue engineered nucleus pulposus is a new idea for minimally invasive repair for degenerative intervertebral disc. The platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and adipose derived stromal cells(ADSCs) could be harvested from autologous tissue easily. PRP has mixed autologous growth factors and fibrous reticulate structure which may have the potential to make ADSCs differentiated into nucleus pulposus-like cells. The goal of this study was to explore the feasibility of constructing a possible injectable tissue engineered nucleus pulposus with PRP gel scaffold and ADSCs. Methods: After the rabbit ADSCs were identified with flow cytometry, the ADSCs were seeded into PRP gel and cultured in vitro. At the 2nd, 4th and 8th week, the PRP gel/ADSCs complex was observed by macroscopy, histological staining, BrdU immunofluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. The glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the PRP gel/ADSCs complex were measured by safranin O staining with spectrophotometry. PRP gel/ADSCs complex genes expression of HIF-1α, Aggrecan, Type Ⅱ collagen were detected by RT-PCR. The injectability of this complex was tested. Results: Macroscopically, the complex was solidified into gel with smooth surface and good elasticity. The safranin O staining confirmed almost no positive staining at 2nd week, however, the positive staining of extracellular matrix was enhanced obviously at 4th, 8th week. The HE staining and SEM demonstrated that the cells were well-distributed in the reticulate scaffold. BrdU immunofluorescence showed that ADSCs can survive and proliferate in PRP gel at each time points. The level of GAG at 4th week was higher than those at 2nd week (P<0.05), and significant difference was also noted between 4th and 8th week (P<0.05). HIF-1α, Aggrecan, Type Ⅱ collagen genes expression at 4th week were much more than those at 2nd week (P<0.05), and significant differences were also noted between 4th and 8th week (P<0.05). The flow rate of complex was 0.287 mL/min when passed through the 19-gauge needle with the 100mmHg pressure. Conclusions: The PRP gel made it possible for rabbit ADSCs differentiated into nucleus pulposus-like cells after mixed culture in vitro. Maybe, it is a better feasible method for construction of autologous injectable tissue engineered nucleus pulposus.