bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 among College Students in Dessie Town, Amhara Region, Ethiopia; Cross-sectional Study
Authors: W.Tadesse Abay , Mihret Setegn , Biset Gebeya , Muluneh Ayesheshim 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a catastrophic health crisis that affects several nations across the world. Hence, such widespread outbreaks are associated with adverse mental health consequences. However, there is scarce information regarding the psychological impacts of COVID 19 on college students in Ethiopia. Thus, this study investigated the psychological impact of COVID-19 upon students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 college students who were learning at randomly selected public and private colleges and universities in Dessie town. The sample was proportionally allocated into the four randomly selected colleges and the students were recruited using a systematic random sampling technique with every 6th interval that was obtained from each college’s registrar office. The data analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0. Variables with p-value < 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model. Model fitness was checked using the Hosmer-Lemeshow model fit-ness-test. Statistical significant level was declared at a p-value < 0.05.Results: This study involved 408 students with a response rate of 96.6%. In this study, the overall psychological impact of COVID-19 among college students was 16.2% [95% CI: 12.7%, 19.9%]. Moreover, 77.2% of the students had experienced depression disorder. Similarly, 71.8% and 48.5% of students had experienced anxiety and stress disorders respectively. The multivariable logistic regression showed that being female [AOR=1.68, 95% CI 1.09, 2.91], having inadequate practice of prevention measures [AOR=1.74: 95% CI 1.01, 3.02] and living urban residency [AOR=0.76: 95% CI 0.48, 0.94] were the independent predictors of psychological problems among students.Conclusions: The study revealed the level of anxiety, stress, and depression disorders are optimally high among students. Therefore, local governments should develop effective psychological interventions for students. Moreover, it is important to consider the educational enrollment types and academic years of the students during the interventions.
Mechanical Investigation of a Novel Ceramic Composite Consisting of the YAG Matrix With Alumina Nanoparticles Fabricated by Slip Casting and the Conventional Sintering Process
Authors: Torki Mohammad , movahedi behrooz , ghazanfari S S. , Milani M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to fabricate YAG/Al2O3 ceramic composites with different alumina nanoparticles using slip casting and the atmospheric sintering process. In addition, some mechanical properties such as hardness and elastic modules of this novel ceramics were evaluated using the nanoindention technique. The results showed that the rheological behavior of the slurry was optimized to the solid loading of 55 wt% and the relative density of the green body was enhanced up to 65%. Relative density was increased after sintering at 1700 °C for 12 h to 99.5% and the pore size (150 nm) was reduced to half of that of powder particles. It should be noted that the optimum amount of alumina nanoparticles as a reinforcing agent in the matrix was less than 5%wt and the composite hardness was increased to 7.3%, as compared to the pure YAG ceramic.
Bioinformatic approaches towards identification of potential repurposable drugs for COVID-19
Authors: Mandal Manisha , Mandal Shyamapada 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Repurposing existing drugs approved for other conditions is crucial to identifying specific therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) pandemic. Towards this attempt, it is important to understand how this virus hijacks the host system during the course of infection and determine potential virus- and host-targeted inhibitors. This study elucidates the underlying virus-host interaction based on differentially expressed gene profiling, functional enrichment and pathway analysis, protein-protein and protein-drug interactions utilizing the information on transcriptional response to SARS-CoV-2 infection from GSE 147507 dataset containing COVID-19 case relative to healthy control and infected cell culture compared to uninfected one. Low IFN signaling, chemokines level elevation, and proinflammatory cytokines release were observed markedly. We identified MYC-rapamycin and ABCG2-rapamycin interactions, and unique gene signatures in case (regulation of protein modification and MAPK signaling) as well as in cell (metabolic dysregulation and interferon signaling) different from known COVID-19 genes.
Epidemiological analysis of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019-infected individuals in the community based on an individual-based model
Authors: Guo Zuiyuan , Xiao Dan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-infected individuals (AIIs) is a special group that differs from COVID-19 patients. This will provide us with a deeper understanding on the impact of AIIs on the epidemic and a theoretical basis to establish more precise prevention and control measures to control this disease. Methods: We established an individual-based computer model to simulate the occurrence, infection, discovery, quarantine, and quarantine release (recovery) of AIIs or patients within the community. The model was used to explore the effects of measures such as active tracing, laboratory testing, active treatment, and home quarantine on the epidemic. Results: Given the condition that R0=1.2, when a case of imported AII was reported in the community, the implementation of measures reduced the number of AIIs and patients by 62.2% and 62.4%, respectively. The number of undetected AIIs and patients peaked at 302 d of the epidemic, reaching 53 and 20 individuals, respectively. Conclusion: The implementation of sustained active tracing, laboratory testing, active treatment, and home quarantine can significantly reduce probability of disease outbreak and block the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic caused by asymptomatic infected individuals in the community.
K284-6111 Alleviates Memory Impairment and Neuroinflammation in Tg2576 Mice by Inhibition of Chitinase-3-like 1 Regulating ERK Dependent PTX3 Pathway
Authors: Ham Hyeon Joo , Lee Yong Sun , Yun Jaesuk , Son Dong Ju , Lee Hee Pom , Han Sang-Bae , Hong Jin Tae 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders characterized by gradual memory loss and neuropsychiatric symptoms. We have previously demonstrated that the 2-({3-[2-(1-Cyclohexen-1-yl)ethyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2-quinazolinyl}sulfanyl)-N-(4-ethylphenyl)butanamide (K284-6111), the inhibitor of CHI3L1, has an inhibitory effect on memory impairment in Αβ infusion mouse model and on LPS-induced neuroinflammation in the murine BV-2 microglia and primary cultured astrocyte. Methods In the present study, we investigated that the inhibitory effect of K284-6111 on memory dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Tg2576 transgenic mice, and more detailed correlation of CHI3L1 and AD. To investigate the effects of K284-6111 on memory dysfunction, we administered K284-6111 (3 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for four weeks to Tg2576, followed by behavioral tests of water maze test, probe test, and passive avoidance test.Results Administration of K284-6111 alleviated memory impairment in Tg2576 mice and had the effect of reducing accumulation of Aβ and neuroinflammatory responses in the mouse brain. K284-6111 treatment also selectively inactivated ERK and NF-κB pathways, which were activated when CHI3L1 was overexpressed, in mouse brain and in BV-2 cells. Web-based gene network analysis and our results of gene expression level in BV-2 cells showed that CHI3L1 is closely correlated with PTX3. Our result revealed that knockdown of PTX3 has inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory proteins and cytokines, and on the phosphorylation of ERK and IκBα.Conclusion These results suggest that K284-6111 could improve memory dysfunction by alleviating neuroinflammation through inhibiting CHI3L1 through blocking ERK dependent PTX3 pathway.
Exploratory study of risk factors for congenital malformations in Morocco
Authors: Forci Khenata , Alami Mohamed Hassan , Bouaiti El Arbi , Slaoui Meriem , Ala Asmaa Mdaghri , Izgua Amal Thimou 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of the study is to describe the teratogenic risk factors of congenital malformations in a large sample from the Moroccan population.Methods: It is a descriptive epidemiological study conducted between January 1st, 2011 and June 31th, 2016 at the "Les Orangers" maternity and reproductive health hospital in Rabat, Morocco.The data were collected on pre-established sheets and on the hospital’s malformations register.Results: A total of 245 cases of congenital malformations were recorded out of a total of 43923 births with a prevalence of 5.58 per thousand.Women over 35 years represent 24.1% of all cases. Consanguinity was found in 22.4% of cases, maternal diabetes in 7%, Fenugreek and herbs intake in 28.6%, and medication in 2.8%. Almost all of women (97.5%) are of low to moderate socio-economic level. Antenatal diagnosis was performed in only 28.6% of cases.Conclusion: Causes and risk factors of congenital malformations are diverse, which requires the application of large preventive and therapeutic approaches. However, the identification of risk factors specific to each country is necessary to establish specific preventive measures.
A Model of Care for Delivering Supports to Childcare Providers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Natale Ruby , Davidson Bridget , Woody Malaika , Kolomeyer Ellen , Mahmoud Farah D. , Valledor Victoria , Hidalgo-Ferrer Tatiana , Schenker Maite , Robleto Ana , Spector Rachel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic is a life-changing crisis that has pervasive effects on our society, but perhaps the forgotten are the childcare programs serving the youngest children who are in out-of-home care while their parents are on the frontlines. The purpose of the Jump Start initiative was to develop a model of care to support childcare providers during the pandemic.Method: The Inter-Agency Standing Committee reference group for Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) in Emergency Settings was used as a guideline to implement a 3-phase comprehensive tiered system of care.Results: In Phase 1, Workforce Development, 26 Mental Health Consultants were trained in trauma-informed care. 91 childcare providers completed Phase 2, Assessment of Needs through the Risk and Resiliency COVID-19 survey. Anxiety (72.6%), sleep disturbance (52.7%), and sadness/depression (39.6%) were reported impacts of the pandemic on providers. Accessing on-line services was the number one need identified. Phase 3, Resource Provision, established a 6-tiered model of care. There was a range of participation with 75% of providers participating in Tier 1 on-line supports to 40% receiving Tier 6 intensive mental health consultation.Conclusions: There is a distinct need to provide support for childcare providers especially given their role as a protective factor for children. Implementing a tiered mental health support system can potentially mitigate negative outcomes to improve the functioning of childcare settings. Understanding and addressing mental health and psychosocial considerations is the key to preventing the risk of long-term repercussion on the population’s wellbeing.
The validity of carcinoembryonic antigen as a surveillance marker according to the pattern of recurrence in colorectal cancer
Authors: Noh Gyoung Tae , Yang Seung Yoon , Cho Min Soo , Hur Hyuk , Min Byung Soh , Kim Nam Kyu , Lee Kang Young 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Even though the validity of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test has been shown for monitoring colorectal cancer recurrence after surgery, it has been applied without specification to the site of recurrence. In the present study, we aimed to verify the validity of CEA as a site-specific surveillance tool in colorectal cancer after curative resection by analyzing the sensitivity of CEA according to the pattern of recurrence.

Methods

A total of 722 patients diagnosed with recurrent colorectal cancer after curative resections were enrolled, and their medical records were reviewed. Using a cutoff CEA value of 5 ng/ml at the time of detection, the sensitivity of the CEA test according to the pattern of recurrence (locoregional or systemic recurrence) and detailed information about the location of the recurrence sites were investigated.

Results

In patients with recurrence in the peritoneum, combined sites, and the liver, the sensitivities of CEA test were 59.4%, 51.3%, and 44.8%, respectively. These values were higher than those in the para-aortic lymph nodes, lungs, and the brain, with sensitivities of 30.4%, 23.6%, and 16.7%, respectively. In the subset analysis, the CEA test sensitivities for patients with recurrence in the peritoneum, liver, and para-aortic lymph nodes were 61.9%, 53.2%, and 22.2% in colon cancer and 54.5%, 36.0%, and 35.7% in rectal cancer, respectively.

Conclusions

Postoperative surveillance CEA levels may have different values according to the site of recurrence. Therefore, a follow-up strategy considering site-specific CEA sensitivity after surgery could improve early detection of recurrent colorectal cancer.
Powered by the sun: designing and analyzing technical and economic aspects of a school sustained by photovoltaics
Authors: Çiftçi Sabri , Solak Mehmet , Kuncan Melih 
Published: June 2020

Turkey has a young population. Accordingly, 66849 schools are serving under the Ministry of National Education. This amount of school naturally causes large amounts of electrical energy demand. Supporting even a small part of these schools with renewable energy sources will provide enormous economic and environmental contributions. Moreover, school buildings often share a template architecture, so a design can be reused, with some modifications over and over again. In this study, the PVsyst software is used to design a 9.9 kWp, roof-mounted, and grid-connected photovoltaic system. The technical and economic consequences of the study are widely reported within. IEC 61724 standards, which is a framework solar industry standard, is applied. Depending on the results, the system can generate 13.13 MWh of electricity annually, 6.43 MWh of which the consumer uses, and 6.70 MWh could be sold to the network. Selling electricity is limited by legislative regulations. But the demand for energy is a fact that never changes. As a result, PV cell efficiency is 17.09 %, and total system loss was approximately 26.18 %. The project cost was calculated as roughly $9912 in the year 2020, based on current prices for a standard system. Total economic earnings from sales are determined as approximately $1375. The return period of the investment was calculated as five years. It is anticipated that the engineering practice carried out in this study will prevent 8 tons of CO2 emissions annually and will save approximately 25 trees per year. It is recommended that this study be put into practice and disseminated.
Design and calculation of double arm suspension of a car
Authors: B David Jebaraj , R Sharath Prasanna 
Published: June 2020

Suspension system is one of the challenging portions in designing a vehicle. The complete stability of the vehicle under dynamic conditions depends on the suspension system of the vehicle. Suspension system of a vehicle is interlinked with other systems such as steering, Wheels and Brakes. The main objective of this document is to provide complete guidance in designing and calculation of an independent suspension system with double control arms. The required parameters are calculated on considering a prototype vehicle with gross weight of 350 kg such as required stiffness of shock absorbers, Ride frequency, Motion ratio, Coefficient of damping etc. A CADD model was made with CATIA v5 r20 and SOLIDWORKS on the basis of calculations obtained and stress analysis was carried out for this model in various software such as Ansys. The complete assembled model was tested in LOTUS Shark and the result was obtained.
Flow behaviour on aerofoils using CFD
Authors: Manda Akhil Yuvaraj , Chada Jithendra Sai Raja , Surapaneni Sambhu Prasad , Geeri Satish 
Published: June 2020

The aerofoils which allow for the flow at a broader range of angles have a more significant impact on the power generation from the turbine. The conception and examination for the aerofoil geometry have been executed in the current work to evaluate the behaviour of the flow in terms of the velocity and pressure lineation. The work is intended to focus on analysing the flow behaviour along the surface of the aerofoil geometry. The aerofoil geometries are opted to be of new aerofoil type of NACA 8412 series. The aerofoil geometry was analysed for a constant angle of attack along the total length. This evaluation was done for the angle of attack ranging from 0° to 20° with 5° interval for each model. The inlet velocity for the flow along the surface of the aerofoil geometry was taken varied from 7.5 m/s to 10 m/s with 0.5 m/s interval for each model. The plot points for the geometries are generated using the Auto CAD for different angles. The further simulations and evaluations were executed using the Ansys Fluent software. On evaluating and considering the variable conditions, the optimum values are obtained for the aerofoil at 15° angle of inclination at an inlet velocity of 9 m/s. The software generated results when compared to the regression data generated ascertained to be in a good correlation with each other.
Novel Therapeutic Approaches and Targets for Treatment of Chronic Urticaria: New Insights and Promising Targets for a Challenging Disease
Authors: Martina Emanuela , Diotallevi Federico , Bianchelli Tommaso , Paolinelli Matteo , Offidani Annamaria 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU) is a disease characterized by the onset
of wheals and/or angioedema over 6 weeks. The pathophysiology for CSU is very complex, involving
mast cells and basophils with a multitude of inflammatory mediators. For many years the treatment of
CSU has been based on the use of antihistamines, steroids and immunosuppressive agents with inconstant
and frustrating results. The introduction of omalizumab, the only licensed biologic for antihistamine-
refractory CSU, has changed the management of the disease.

Objective:
The aim of this article is to review the current state of the art of CSU, the real-life experience
with omalizumab and the promising drugs that are under development.

Methods::
An electronic search was performed to identify studies, case reports, guidelines and reviews
focused on the new targets for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria, both approved or under
investigation. The search was limited to articles published in peer-reviewed journals in the English
Language in the PubMed database and trials registered in Clinicaltrials.gov.

Results::
Since the advent of omalizumab, the search for new therapies for chronic spontaneous urticaria
has had a new impulse. Anti-IgE drugs will probably still be the cornerstone of therapy, but new targets
may prove effective in syndromic urticaria or refractory cases.

Conclusion::
Although omalizumab has been a breakthrough in the treatment of CSU, many patients
do not completely get benefit and even require more effective treatments. Novel drugs are under investigation
with promising results.
Proteomics Analysis of Salt Responsive Proteins in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Leaves by Two Dimensional Electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF MS.
Authors: Hosseini Maryam , Toorchi Mahmoud , Vahed Mohammad Moghaddam , Monirifar Hassan 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits plant growth and development.
Salinity affects several physiological and biochemical characteristics adversely, which results in
oxidative stress in plant species. Plants change the protein pattern to cope with salinity stress. The
identified salt-responsive proteins in alfalfa are involved in energy and metabolism, photosynthesis,
regulation of carbohydrates, transcription/translation, signal transduction, stress/redox homeostasis,
ion binding, and stress and defense with ROS scavenging and detoxification.

Objective:
The present research aimed to study the response of two contrasting alfalfa varieties to
salt stress, and to identify the altered leaf proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and
MALDI-TOF/TOF/MS spectrometry.

Methods:
Salinity stress significantly decreased shoot fresh and dry weights in both Synthetic II
(salt-tolerant) and Khajeh (salt-sensitive) varieties, and K+/Na+ ratio in Khajeh, while it significantly
increased K+/Na+ ratio, soluble sugars, chlorophyll a and catalase activity in Synthetic II, and peroxidase
activity in Khajeh.

Conclusions:
Salinity stress reduced the yield of alfalfa, but the reduction was more pronounced in
the sensitive variety of Khajeh. The salinity-tolerant variety, Synthetic II, responded better to salinity
stress in terms of K+/Na+ ratio, soluble sugars, chlorophyll a and catalase activity as compared to
Khajeh. Proteome analysis showed that the proteins involved in energy metabolism, transcription/-
translation, photosynthesis, electron transfer, and defense were more important than other functional
categories under salinity stress. These proteins mainly increased in the salt-tolerant variety,
whereas they decreased in the salt-sensitive variety.
Development and Validation of a Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Sitagliptin and Ertugliflozin in Rat Plasma by LC-MS method
Authors: Rao Pallepogu Venkateswara , Rao Atmakuri Lakshmana , Maheswara Prasad Sahini Venkata Uma 
Published: June 2020

Background: The development of sound bioanalytical LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass
spectroscopy) method(s) is of paramount importance during the process of drug discovery, development
and culminating in a marketing approval. The use of oral antidiabetic agents has been increased
significantly from the last decades and till now no bioanalytical method is available for quantitation of
sitagliptin (SG) and ertugliflozin (EG) in biological matrix which can be applied to pharmacokinetic
studies using LC-MS/MS.

Objective:To develop a new, rapid and sensitive LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous estimation of sitagliptin (SG)
and ertugliflozin (EG) in rat plasma by liquid–liquid extraction method (LLE) using deutereated sitagliptin (SGd6) and
ertugliflozin (EGd6).

Methods: Chromatographic separation was carried out on a reverse phase Waters, Xetrra C18 (150mm x
4.6mm, 2μm) column using a mixture of acetonitrile and OPA buffer (50:50v/v) at a flow rate of
1ml/min in isocratic mode. Quantification was achieved using an electrospray ion interface operating in
positive mode, under Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) conditions.

Results:The method showed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 5.00- 75.00pg/mL for sitagliptin and 0.75-
11.35pg/mL ertugliflozin. The intra-batch and inter batch precision (%CV) was ≤ 4.3% and matrix effect (%CV) was
0.02% and 0.12% for sitagliptin at HQC and LQC, respectively. Matrix effect (%CV) was 0.08% and 0.33% for
ertugliflozin at HQC and LQC, respectively.

Conclusion: The simplicity of the method allows for application in laboratories, presents a valuable tool for
pharmacokinetic studies. The particular assay has been proficiently put on pharmacokinetic study in rats subjects.