bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjunctive effect of mouthrinse on treatment of peri‐implant mucositis using mechanical debridement: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Philip Juliana , Laine Marja L. , Wismeijer Daniël 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo study effect of delmopinol hydrochloride (DEL) in comparison with chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and a placebo (PLA) in addition to non‐surgical mechanical debridement in patients with peri‐implant mucositis.Materials and methodsEighty‐nine patients with at least one implant diagnosed with peri‐implant mucositis were randomly assigned to one of three study groups (DEL, CHX and PLA). Professional non‐surgical mechanical debridement was performed at baseline. Mouth rinsing was carried out by the patients twice a day in addition to their regular oral hygiene practices. Assessments of efficacy were performed for the primary outcome ‐ Implant bleeding on probing (IBOP%) and secondary outcomes ‐ modified Bleeding Index (mBI) and modified Plaque Index (mPI) at 1 and 3 months.ResultsAt 3 months, there was statistically significant reduction in IBOP% and mBI within the study groups compared to baseline. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the study groups at 3 months follow‐up. Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference according to mPI at 1 month between the chlorhexidine and placebo group (p = .004).ConclusionsThis study confirms that mechanical debridement combined with oral hygiene instruction is effective in treatment of peri‐implant mucositis. The clinical effects between groups were comparable.
Nanoemulsions with oleoresin of Copaifera reticulata (Leguminosae) improve anthelmintic efficacy in the control of monogenean parasites when compared to oleoresin without nanoformulation
Authors: Malheiros Dayna Filocreão , Sarquis Icaro Rodrigues , Ferreira Irlon Maciel , Mathews Patrick Delgado , Mertins Omar , Tavares‐Dias Marcos 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study compared the in vitro anthelmintic activity of Copaifera reticulata oleoresin (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1,000 mg/L) and of nanoemulsions prepared with this oleoresin (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/L) against monogeneans on the gills of Colossoma macropomum. The major compounds present in the oleoresin of C. reticulata were γ‐macrocarpene (14.2%), α‐bergamotene (13.6%), β‐selinene (13.4%) and β‐caryophyllene (11.7%). All concentrations of the nanoemulsion and the oleoresin without nanoformulation showed anthelmintic efficacy against monogeneans, and higher concentrations led to more rapid parasite mortality. Structural damages to the tegument of the parasites exposed to C. reticulata oleoresin were observed with scanning electron microscopy. At two hours of exposure, fish showed 100% tolerance to all nanoemulsion concentrations used in the in vitro assays, whereas 100% mortality was shown in the fish exposed to the oleoresin without nanoformulation after one hour. The results of this study suggest that nanoemulsions with oleoresin of C. reticulata have advantages in the control and treatment of monogenean infections in C. macropomum when compared to the oleoresin without nanoformulation. In addition, since nanoemulsions with the C. reticulata oleoresin are safe to control monogeneans, the efficacy of these nanoformulations may be assayed in therapeutic baths to treat C. macropomum infected by monogeneans.
Expectations, disappointments, and individual responses: Imbalances in multilevel flood risk governance revealed by public survey
Authors: Raška Pavel , Warachowska Weronika , Slavíková Lenka , Aubrechtová Tereza 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe recent paradigm shift towards multilevel flood risk governance has raised discussions about the potential of different entities to undertake specific flood risk management (FRM) measures and about the effects of their efforts on other governance levels. Among the key questions being addressed are those related to the balance and possible inverse proportions between governmental efforts and motivation for individual action. In this paper, we use the results of a flood perception survey among individuals in two flood‐prone Czech municipalities to reveal the discrepancies between the expectations of responsibility‐sharing and the actual willingness for individual flood risk reduction. While the results indicate strong expectations of the responsibilities of the governmental bodies for initiating FRM, the respondents also expressed low confidence in completed FRM measures and strong self‐reliance during floods and recovery. Our results partly contradict the crowding‐out thesis, which denotes the negative effects of governmental actions on willingness to undertake individual mitigation measures. Furthermore, the results indicate that differences in the confidence in government‐driven FRM measures between the two study areas are caused by the differential perception of scales of FRM measures and catchment complexity, thus diverging expectations of responsibility‐sharing within a country‐scale FRM institutional setting.
Variation of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coliO157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes after exposure to acid, salt, and cold stress
Authors: Kang Il‐Byeong , Seo Kun‐Ho 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBacteria with antibiotic‐resistant could seriously threaten to human health, increasing the treatment cost for infections and negatively affecting treatment outcomes. Stress adaptation is one possible mechanism for the acquisition or enhancement of antibiotic resistance in bacteria as a result of cross‐protection. In this study, the effects of acid, salt, and cold stress on the antibiotic resistance of Salmonella Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were investigated using the disc diffusion method. For S. Enteritidis, acidic growth conditions increased resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin (p < .05), and addition of 4% NaCl to growth media decreased resistance to chloramphenicol (p < .05). Irrespective of pH and the NaCl concentration of the growth medium, refrigerated E. coli O157:H7 showed increased resistance to amoxycillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, streptomycin, and erythromycin (p < .05). Acid‐adapted L. monocytogenes showed decreased the resistance to amoxycillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, and tetracycline (p < .05). In conclusion, prolonged exposure of foodborne pathogens to acid, salt, and cold stress alters their antibiotic resistance. However, the effect of acid, salt, and cold stress on bacterial antibiotic resistance depend on both the bacterial species and the specific antibiotic. Therefore, multiple factors need to be considered for a foodborne antimicrobial resistant risk assessment.
Impact of STEADI‐Rx: A Community Pharmacy‐Based Fall Prevention Intervention
Authors: Blalock Susan J. , Ferreri Stefanie P. , Renfro Chelsea P. , Robinson Jessica M. , Farley Joel F. , Ray Neepa , Busby‐Whitehead Jan 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the effects of a community pharmacy‐based fall prevention intervention (STEADI‐Rx) on the risk of falling and use of medications associated with an increased risk of falling.DESIGNRandomized controlled trial.SETTINGA total of 65 community pharmacies in North Carolina (NC).PARTICIPANTSAdults (age ≥65 years) using either four or more chronic medications or one or more medications associated with an increased risk of falling (n = 10,565).INTERVENTIONPharmacy staff screened patients for fall risk using questions from the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI) algorithm. Patients who screened positive were eligible to receive a pharmacist‐conducted medication review, with recommendations sent to patients' healthcare providers following the review.MEASUREMENTSAt intervention pharmacies, pharmacy staff used standardized forms to record participant responses to screening questions and information concerning the medication reviews. For participants with continuous Medicare Part D/NC Medicaid coverage (n = 3,212), the Drug Burden Index (DBI) was used to assess exposure to high‐risk medications, and insurance claims records for emergency department visits and hospitalizations were used to assess falls.RESULTSAmong intervention group participants (n = 4,719), 73% (n = 3,437) were screened for fall risk. Among those who screened positive (n = 1,901), 72% (n = 1,373) received a medication review; and 27% (n = 521) had at least one medication‐related recommendation communicated to their healthcare provider(s) following the review. A total of 716 specific medication recommendations were made. DBI scores decreased from the pre‐ to postintervention period in both the control and the intervention group. However, the amount of change over time did not differ between these two groups (P = .66). Risk of falling did not change between the pre‐ to postintervention period or differ between groups (P = .58).CONCLUSIONWe successfully implemented STEADI‐Rx in the community pharmacy setting. However, we found no differences in fall risk or the use of medications associated with increased risk of falling between the intervention and control groups. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1778‐1786, 2020.
Religion and Armed Conflict: Evidence from the Kurdish Conflict in Turkey
Authors: Gurses Mehmet , Ozturk Ahmet Erdi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article examines the effectiveness of religion as a solution to ethno‐nationalist conflicts, drawing on the case of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan[PKK]) in Turkey. We utilize an original data set that contains data on Turkey's state‐sponsored mosques between 1980 and 2016 to test for the purported peacemaking potential of religion. Results from this data set, coupled with an alternative measure of the state's involvement in religion, show that increased Islamization has no discernible impact on lowering support for the ethno‐nationalist Kurdish political parties or insurgency.
Role of security guards in Code Black events in medical and surgical settings: A retrospective chart audit
Authors: Muir‐Cochrane Eimear , Muller Amanda , Fu Yanfen , Oster Candice 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of security guards in health care settings is growing worldwide. There is a need to explore and understand their role and actions to inform policy and training and support least restrictive practices in health care. The aim of this study was to conduct a retrospective chart audit of security guard logs to investigate security guard involvement in Code Blacks, called in emergency situations of personal threats including patient and/or visitor violence, in medical and surgical wards in a large metropolitan health network in South Australia. Security guards attended 1664 Code Blacks (0.63% of admissions) over the 2.5‐year study period. Events were more frequently reported in medical than surgical wards. The most common reasons for security guard attendance were patients threatening/harming staff and patients threatening/harming themselves. The most frequent security guard actions were “Attend only/standby,” “Physical restraint,” and “Patient located and returned to the ward.” The most frequent outcomes were physical restraint, chemical restraint, and de‐escalation respectively. Results highlight the imperative that health services maintain and increase efforts to support least restrictive practice through policy directives and staff training.
Long‐term trends and genetic architecture of seed characteristics, grain yield and correlated agronomic traits in triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack)
Authors: Neuweiler Jan E. , Maurer Hans Peter , Würschum Tobias 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate long‐term genetic trends and the genetic architecture of grain yield, seed characteristics and correlated agronomic traits in triticale. Therefore, a panel of 846 diverse triticale genotypes was assessed for three agronomic and three seed shape‐ and size‐related traits. We observed a high genotypic variation and a high heritability for all traits. Analysing the development of these traits during the last decades revealed a continuous increase for grain yield and thousand‐kernel weight, and a slight increase in seed width. The seed characteristics and thousand‐kernel weight formed a complex of highly positive correlated traits. Genome‐wide association mapping revealed many small‐effect QTL and a few moderate‐effect QTL. The allele frequencies of the moderate‐effect QTL followed the same temporal trends as observed for the phenotype. In line with the phenotypic correlations, we identified several pleiotropic QTL for grain yield, thousand‐kernel weight, seed width and seed area. Our results illustrate the continuous progress achieved in triticale breeding and suggest that triticale seeds have been selected to be more spherical in modern cultivars.
Varicella‐like exanthem associated with COVID‐19 in an 8‐year‐old girl: A diagnostic clue?
Authors: Genovese Giovanni , Colonna Cristiana , Marzano Angelo V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt has been reported that the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) may be associated with a papulovesicular skin eruption predominantly involving the trunk. We hereby present a case of COVID‐19–associated varicella‐like exanthem in an 8‐year‐old girl with mild systemic symptoms.
Quantifying Human Health Risks from Virginiamycin Use in Food Animals in China
Authors: Cox Louis Anthony , Popken Douglas A. , Sun Jian , Liao Xiao‐ping , Fang Liang‐Xing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVirginiamycin (VM), a streptogramin antibiotic, has been used to promote healthy growth and treat illnesses in farm animals in the United States and other countries. The combination streptogramin Quinupristin‐Dalfopristin (QD) was approved in the United States in 1999 for treating patients with vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) infections. Many chickens and swine test positive for QD‐resistant E. faecium, raising concerns that using VM in food animals might select for streptogramin‐resistant strains of E. faecium that could compromise QD effectiveness in treating human VREF infections. Such concerns have prompted bans and phase‐outs of VM as growth promoters in the United States and Europe. This study quantitatively estimates potential human health risks from QD‐resistant VREF infections due to VM use in food animals in China. Plausible conservative (risk‐maximizing) quantitative risk estimates are derived for future uses, assuming 100% resistance to linezolid and daptomycin and 100% prescription rate of QD to high‐level (VanA) VREF‐infected patients. Up to one shortened life every few decades to every few thousand years might occur in China from VM use in animals, although the most likely risk is zero (e.g., if resistance is not transferred from bacteria in food animals to bacteria infecting human patients). Sensitivity and probabilistic uncertainty analyses suggest that this conclusion is robust to several data gaps and uncertainties. Potential future human health risks from VM use in animals in China appear to be small or zero, even if QD is eventually approved for use in human patients.
Dimensions of social support in the experience of work engagement in middle age: A Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study
Authors: Kiema‐Junes Heli , Saarinen Aino , Muukkonen Hanni , Väyrynen Seppo , Ala‐Mursula Leena , Hintsanen Mirka 
Published: April 2020

So far, the relationship between the various dimensions of social support and work engagement has not been widely examined in the literature. In this study, we examined the relationship of social support at work (from a colleague or supervisor) and social support in one’s private life (from a spouse, relative or friend) with various dimensions of work engagement (vigor, dedication and absorption). The participants (N = 5,259–5,376, 46 years‐old, 52.7% women) came from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study. Social support was evaluated with the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ), and work engagement was assessed with a short version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES‐9). The data were analyzed using linear regression analyses. The results showed that high social support at work (p < 0.001) and in one’s private life (p < 0.001) were associated with higher total work engagement, higher vigor, higher dedication, and higher absorption. These findings were adjusted for gender, marital status, education and occupational status. The results were essentially unchanged when they were additionally adjusted for job strain and effort‐reward imbalance. To conclude, our findings indicate that the experience of overall social support may play a role in the experience of work engagement.
Arabidopsis RING E3 ubiquitin ligase JUL1 participates in ABA‐mediated microtubule depolymerization, stomatal closure, and tolerance response to drought stress
Authors: Yu Seong Gwan , Kim Jong Hum , Cho Na Hyun , Oh Tae Rin , Kim Woo Taek 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYUbiquitination is a critical post‐translational protein modification that has been implicated in diverse cellular processes, including abiotic stress responses, in plants. In the present study, we identified and characterized a T‐DNA insertion mutant in the At5g10650 locus. Compared to wild‐type Arabidopsis plants, at5g10650 progeny were hyposensitive to ABA at the germination stage. At5g10650 possessed a single C‐terminal C3HC4‐type Really Interesting New Gene (RING) motif, which was essential for ABA‐mediated germination and E3 ligase activity in vitro. At5g10650 was closely associated with microtubules and microtubule‐associated proteins in Arabidopsis and tobacco leaf cells. Localization of At5g10650 to the nucleus was frequently observed. Unexpectedly, At5g10650 was identified as JAV1‐ASSOCIATED UBIQUITIN LIGASE1 (JUL1), which was recently reported to participate in the jasmonate signaling pathway. The jul1 knockout plants exhibited impaired ABA‐promoted stomatal closure. In addition, stomatal closure could not be induced by hydrogen peroxide and calcium in jul1 plants. jul1 guard cells accumulated wild‐type levels of H2O2 after ABA treatment. These findings indicated that JUL1 acts downstream of H2O2 and calcium in the ABA‐mediated stomatal closure pathway. Typical radial arrays of microtubules were maintained in jul1 guard cells after exposure to ABA, H2O2, and calcium, which in turn resulted in ABA‐hyposensitive stomatal movements. Finally, jul1 plants were markedly more susceptible to drought stress than wild‐type plants. Overall, our results suggest that the Arabidopsis RING E3 ligase JUL1 plays a critical role in ABA‐mediated microtubule disorganization, stomatal closure, and tolerance to drought stress.
Is placental blood a reliable source for the evaluation of neonatal hemostasis at birth?
Authors: Raffaeli Genny , Tripodi Armando , Manzoni Francesca , Scalambrino Erica , Pesenti Nicola , Amodeo Ilaria , Cavallaro Giacomo , Villamor Eduardo , Peyvandi Flora , Mosca Fabio , Ghirardello Stefano 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPhlebotomy is among the main determinants of anemia of prematurity. Blood sparing policies endorsed umbilical cord blood (here called placental) as an alternative source for laboratory testing. Little is known on the suitability of placental blood to evaluate neonatal hemostasis of newborn infants. We aimed to compare the hemostatic profile of paired placental and infant venous blood, by means of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, antithrombin, protein C, thromboelastography (TEG) and thrombin generation assay (TGA).STUDY DESIGNThis was an observational single‐center study.METHODSWe collected at birth venous citrated blood from both placental and infant venous source and performed PT, APTT, fibrinogen, antithrombin, protein C, TEG (reaction time‐R; kinetics‐K alpha angle‐α, maximum amplitude‐MA and lysis at 30 minutes‐LY30), and TGA (endogenous thrombin potential‐ETP).RESULTSWe enrolled 60 neonates with a median gestational age (range) of 37 weeks (28+1‐41) and birth‐weight 2417 g (950‐4170). Based on TEG and TGA, placental blood showed a procoagulant imbalance as indicated by lower median R (4.0 vs. 6.1 min; p < 0.001) and K (1.3 vs. 2.2 min; p < 0.001); higher α‐angle (69.7 vs. 57.4°; p < 0.001) and ETP (1260 vs. 1078; p = 0.002) than those observed for infant venous blood. PT and APTT did not differ significantly between the two groups.CONCLUSIONSWhile placental and neonatal blood samples are equally suitable to measure the standard coagulation tests PT and APTT, placental blood leads to a procoagulant imbalance when testing is performed with TEG or TGA. These effects should be considered when interpreting results stemming from investigation of neonatal hemostasis.
Venous sample is superior to repeated skin‐prick testing in blood donor haemoglobin second‐line screening
Authors: Bäckman Sari , Valkeajärvi Anne , Korkalainen Piia , Arvas Mikko , Castrén Johanna 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundBlood donor haemoglobin concentration (Hb) is commonly measured from a skin‐prick sample. However, the skin‐prick sample is prone to preanalytical error and variation, which may lead to false deferrals due to low Hb.Study Design and MethodsWe assessed the efficacy of two second‐line screening models for the evaluation of blood donors failing the initial skin‐prick test. In the venous model (n = 305), Hb was measured from a venous sample at the donation site. In the skin‐prick model (n = 331), two additional skin‐prick samples were measured. All on‐site Hb measurements were performed with HemoCue Hb201+ (HemoCue AB) point‐of‐care (POC) device. Hb in the venous samples was later also determined with a hematology analyzer (Sysmex XN, Sysmex Co.) to obtain the donor’s correct Hb. A questionnaire evaluated Blood Service nurses’ preferences regarding Hb assessment.ResultsSignificantly less donors were deferred from donation with venous model (40%) than with skin‐prick model (51%; chi‐square test P = 0·004). Only two donors (0·7%) were incorrectly accepted in the venous model. Further, Blood Service nurses preferred venous model over skin‐prick model. After the study, the venous model was implemented nationwide, and in the first two months after implementation, the deferral rate due to low Hb decreased from 2·7% to 1·9%.ConclusionA venous sample for blood donor Hb second‐line screening significantly decreased low Hb deferrals compared to repeated skin‐prick testing without compromising donor safety. Valuable donations can be recovered by implementing a practical second‐line screening model based on venous sampling.
Are national barrier inventories fit for stream connectivity restoration needs? A test of two catchments
Authors: Sun Jingrui , Galib Shams M. , Lucas Martyn C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCatchment‐scale river reconnection programmes require barrier inventories for restoration planning, yet barrier inventories are variable in extent and quality internationally. To test the degree to which barrier databases, in this case for England, are fit for purpose, we made a comparison of the national database (mostly originating from desk‐study) for two catchments, the Wear and the Tees, against detailed walkover surveys. We surveyed 701 km (32.8%) of stream length, stratified by stream order, altitude and subcatchment and recorded natural and artificial barriers. Only 22.7% of barriers identified in the walkover survey were present in the national database, including low‐head (<5 m) artificial structures (32.3% representation), artificial barriers ≥5 m (14.3% representation) and culverts (0% representation). About 18.9% of artificial barriers in the national database were found, during a field survey, to have been breached naturally. Mean densities of artificial barriers were 0.68 barriers km−1 and 0.45 barriers km−1 in the Wear and Tees, respectively, significantly higher than in the national database. Stream connectivity restoration in England may be hampered by the incomplete national barrier inventory; we recommend careful checks of barrier inventories as they are developed internationally.