bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
You Didn’t Drink During Pregnancy, Did You?
Authors: Bakhireva Ludmila N. , Leeman Lawrence , Roberts Melissa , Rodriguez Dominique E. , Jacobson Sandra W. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundAccurate characterization of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is challenging due to inconsistent use of screening questionnaires in routine prenatal care and substantial underreporting due to stigma associated with alcohol use in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to identify self‐report tools that are efficient in accurately characterizing PAE.MethodsParticipants meeting eligibility criteria for mild‐to‐moderate PAE were recruited into the University of New Mexico Ethanol, Neurodevelopment, Infant and Child Health cohort (N = 121) and followed prospectively. Timeline follow‐back (TLFB) interviews were administered at baseline to capture alcohol use in the periconceptional period and 30 days before enrollment; reported quantity was converted to oz absolute alcohol (AA), multiplied by frequency of use and averaged across 2 TLBF calendars. The interview also included questions about timing and number of drinks at the most recent drinking episode, maximum number of drinks in a 24‐hour period since the last menstrual period, and number of drinks on “special occasions” (irrespective of whether these occurred within the TLFB reported period). Continuous measures of alcohol use were analyzed to yield the number of binge episodes by participants who consumed ≥4 drinks/occasion. The proportion of women with ≥1 binge episode was also tabulated for each type of assessment.ResultsAverage alcohol consumption was 0.6 ± 1.3 oz of AA/day (≈ 8.4 drinks/wk). Only 3.3% of participants reported ≥1 binge episode on the TLFB, 19.8% had ≥1 binge episode when asked about “special occasions,” and 52.1% when asked about the number of drinks the last time they drank alcohol. An even higher prevalence (89.3%) of bingeing was obtained based on the maximum number of drinks consumed in a 24‐hour period.ConclusionsSelf‐reported quantity of alcohol use varies greatly based on type of questions asked. Brief targeted questions about maximum number of drinks in 24 hours and total number of drinks during the most recent drinking episode provide much higher estimates of alcohol use and thus might be less affected by self‐reporting bias.
Are methamphetamine users compulsive? Faulty reinforcement learning, not inflexibility, underlies decision making in people with methamphetamine use disorder
Authors: Robinson Alex H. , Perales José C. , Volpe Isabelle , Chong Trevor T.‐J. , Verdejo‐Garcia Antonio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMethamphetamine use disorder involves continued use of the drug despite negative consequences. Such ‘compulsivity’ can be measured by reversal learning tasks, which involve participants learning action‐outcome task contingencies (acquisition‐contingency) and then updating their behaviour when the contingencies change (reversal). Using these paradigms, animal models suggest that people with methamphetamine use disorder (PwMUD) may struggle to avoid repeating actions that were previously rewarded but are now punished (inflexibility). However, difficulties in learning task contingencies (reinforcement learning) may offer an alternative explanation, with meaningful treatment implications. We aimed to disentangle inflexibility and reinforcement learning deficits in 35 PwMUD and 32 controls with similar sociodemographic characteristics, using novel trial‐by‐trial analyses on a probabilistic reversal learning task. Inflexibility was defined as (a) weaker reversal phase performance, compared with the acquisition‐contingency phases, and (b) persistence with the same choice despite repeated punishments. Conversely, reinforcement learning deficits were defined as (a) poor performance across both acquisition‐contingency and reversal phases and (b) inconsistent postfeedback behaviour (i.e., switching after reward). Compared with controls, PwMUD exhibited weaker learning (odds ratio [OR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.63–0.77], p < .001), though no greater accuracy reduction during reversal. Furthermore, PwMUD were more likely to switch responses after one reward/punishment (OR = 0.83, 95% CI [0.77–0.89], p < .001; OR = 0.82, 95% CI [0.72–0.93], p = .002) but just as likely to switch after repeated punishments (OR = 1.03, 95% CI [0.73–1.45], p = .853). These results indicate that PwMUD's reversal learning deficits are driven by weaker reinforcement learning, not inflexibility.
The persistent pelvic pain study: Factors that influence outcomes in women referred to a public hospital with chronic pelvic pain – A study protocol
Authors: Mooney Samantha S. , Grover Sonia R. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundPersistent pelvic pain affects between 10–20% of women with a significant impact on their physical and mental health, sexual relationships, families and society. Estimates of the cost to women and the community is over $9 billion/annum. Although endometriosis is considered a leading cause of pelvic pain, no symptoms reliably allow the identification of those with and without endometriosis. Furthermore, the significance of mild endometriosis is now debated. The optimal clinical approach for pelvic pain and endometriosis remains unclear, with increasing evidence of other contributing factors such as central sensitisation. Studies to date have significant limitations due to their sample size, relatively short follow‐up, and inclusion of only women with laparoscopically identified endometriosis.AimsTo undertake a real‐world study of women referred with pain to gynaecology outpatients of a women’s hospital and explore factors influencing three‐year outcomes.Materials and methodsFive hundred women will be randomised to one of two gynaecology units. The units will provide routine clinical care but their approaches to management of women with pelvic pain and endometriosis differ: one with skilled endoscopic gynaecologists has greater emphasis on surgery, the other, gynaecologists have more medical expertise in managing pain and menstrual problems. Participants will complete six‐monthly questionnaires regarding pain and quality of life for three years. This information will not be available to clinicians. Their medical care will be followed from their medical records. The cost of outpatient care and admissions will be calculated. Data will be analysed using STATA software with appropriate post hoc tests. Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR:ACTRN12616000150448).
Successful laparoscopic extirpation of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide‐secreting neuroblastoma originating from the right adrenal gland: A report of an infantile case
Authors: Sugita Koshiro , Kaji Tatsuru , Muto Mitsuru , Nishikawa Takuro , Okamoto Yasuhiro , Imamura Mari , Ieiri Satoshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe herein report a 10‐month‐old female infant with a 4‐month history of diarrhea with electrolyte abnormalities and growth impairment. A 4‐cm right adrenal tumor was detected by computed tomography. No metastasis or accumulation on I123‐metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy was recognized in the tumor. A vasoactive intestinal peptide‐secreting neuroblastic tumor was suspected, and octreotide was started, but the diarrhea persisted. Tumor extirpation was laparoscopically performed. After tumor removal, the symptoms improved immediately, and her growth caught up by 9 months after surgery. A minimally invasive approach for pediatric solid tumor is difficult, especially for neuroblastoma, but may be beneficial for the patient's recovery.
Exogenous factors in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis: Irritants and cutaneous infections
Authors: Yue Hainan , Umehara Yoshie , Trujillo‐Paez Juan Valentin , Peng Ge , Nguyen Hai Le Thanh , Chieosilapatham Panjit , Kiatsurayanon Chanisa , Song Pu , Okumura Ko , Ogawa Hideoki , Ikeda Shigaku , Niyonsaba François 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory cutaneous disease that is often associated with other atopic symptoms, such as food allergy, allergic rhinitis and asthma, leading to significant morbidity and healthcare costs. The pathogenesis of AD is complicated and multifactorial. Although the aetiology of AD remains incompletely understood, recent studies have provided further insight into AD pathophysiology, demonstrating that the interaction among genetic predisposition, immune dysfunction and environmental provocation factors contributes to its development. However, the increasing prevalence of AD suggests that environmental factors such as irritation and cutaneous infection play a crucial role in triggering and/or aggravating the disease. Of note, AD skin is susceptible to bacterial, fungal and viral infections, and microorganisms may colonize the skin and aggravate AD symptoms. Overall, understanding the mechanisms by which these risk factors affect the cutaneous immunity of patients with AD is of great importance for developing a precision medicine approach for treatment. This review summarizes recent developments in exogenous factors involved in the pathogenesis of AD, with special emphasis on irritants and microbial infections.
Exendin‐4‐based imaging in insulinoma localization: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shah Ravikumar , Garg Robin , Majmundar Monil , Purandare Nilendu , Malhotra Gaurav , Patil Virendra , Ramteke‐Jadhav Swati , Lila Anurag , Shah Nalini , Bandgar Tushar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and contextGlucagon‑like peptide‑1 receptor (GLP‐1 R) based imaging has shown higher sensitivity for insulinoma localization as compared to other anatomic/functional imaging.MethodologyWe reviewed the published English literature for GLP‐1 R targeted imaging in insulinoma in PubMed until August 2020 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines using the MeSH terms “((Exendin‐4 PET/CT) OR (Exendin‐4 SPECT/CT) OR (GLP‐1 R imaging)) AND (Insulinoma)”. An individual patient data‐metanalysis (IPD‐MA) was performed, and performance parameters were calculated for the histopathological diagnosis of insulinoma.Main outcome measuresTrue‐positive (TP), false‐positive (FP), false‐negative (FN), true‐negative (TN), sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for insulinoma localization.ResultsA total of 179 cases (316 lesions) from 16 publications were included for IPD‐MA. For insulinoma localization, exendin‐4‐PET/CT (Sn & PPV: 94%) performed better than exendin‐4‐SPECT/CT (Sn: 63%, PPV: 94%). The Sn was lower in malignant insulinoma cases whereas the Sp was higher in cases with MEN‐1 syndrome. With exendin‐4‐based imaging, FP uptakes in Brunner’s gland, normal pancreas, and other β‐cell pathologies and FN results in pancreatic tail lesions and malignancy were seen in a few patients. TN results suggested the correct diagnosis of other endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia (EHH) subtypes.ConclusionFor insulinoma localization, exendin‐4 PET/CT should be preferred over exendin‐4 SPECT/CT because of higher sensitivity and specificity. FP uptakes in Brunner’s gland, normal pancreas, and other β‐cell pathologies and FN results in tail lesions, and malignant insulinomas are limitations. Higher specificity for insulinoma localization is particularly useful in patients with MEN‐1 syndrome.
High prevalence and a long delay in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism among patients with young‐onset hypertension
Authors: Alam Sarah , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Goyal Alpesh , Vishnubhatla Sreenivas , Singh Sandeep , Karthikeyan Ganesan , Khadgawat Rajesh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite being the most common cause of secondary hypertension, prevalence of primary aldosteronism (PA) among patients with young‐onset hypertension (YH ‐ age of hypertension onset <40 years) remains poorly studied.ObjectiveWe assessed the prevalence of PA in patients with YH referred for evaluation of secondary hypertension.Design and PatientsIn this prospective, cross‐sectional study, 202 patients with YH, visiting endocrine and cardiology clinics of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India, were evaluated.MeasurementsPrimary aldosteronism was screened by measuring plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and direct renin concentration (DRC) and calculating aldosterone‐to‐renin ratio (ARR), followed by confirmatory saline infusion test (SIT) according to Endocrine Society Guideline. Those confirmed with post‐SIT PAC >5 ng/dl underwent adrenal computed tomography (CT), followed by adrenal venous sampling (AVS).ResultsOf 202 YH patients, 38 (18.8%) screened positive, and PA was confirmed in 36 (17.8%). The mean age was 43.9 ± 10.9 years, and median duration of hypertension was 10.5 (3.5–18) years. The prevalence of PA increased with grade of hypertension (8.1% in grade 1 to 37.1% in grade 3), number of antihypertensive medications (2.5% in those taking ≤1 to 50% in those taking ≥4 medications) and severity of hypokalaemia (0% in potassium >5 to 85.7% in potassium <3.5 mmol/L). The prevalence of PA by age of hypertension onset was highest in age group 30–39 years (31.3%).ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence and a long delay in diagnosis of PA among patients with YH, and YH should be considered as a separate high‐risk category in PA screening algorithm.
Multiple cutaneous fistula after titanium dental implant: A case report
Authors: de Lima‐Souza Reydson Alcides , Vallarelli Andrelou Fralete Ayres , Viviane Mariano Fernanda , Cintra Maria Letícia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDental implants allow functional and aesthetic reestablishment. Titanium (Ti) implants emerge as the preferred choice because Ti is considered an inert material, highly resistant to corrosion. However, virtually no material can be considered universally biocompatible and this includes titanium.PurposeTo report an unusual presentation of inflammatory reaction after a Ti dental implant.Materials and methodsThe patient presented to a dermatology clinic to evaluate lesions on her face. She reported the placement of dental implants 2 years earlier, one of which evolved with inflammatory signs and instability a few days after the procedure. As anti‐inflammatory and antibiotic therapy were fruitless, after 3 months the implant was removed, but the inflammation persisted. On physical examination, painful erythematous‐papule‐nodular lesions were found on the left mandibular and submandibular region.ResultsCulture tests for microorganisms were negative and histopathological examination revealed a chronic fistula with a foreign body reaction. Using X‐ray fluorescence, Ti particles were found along the fistula wall.ConclusionsProfessionals should be aware of complications arising from dental implants, including Ti implants. Detailed anamnesis and laboratory investigation can assure diagnosis for specific therapeutic approaches.
Identifying hotspots for spatial management of the Indonesian deep‐slope demersal fishery
Authors: Wibisono Elle , Puggioni Gavino , Firmana Edwison , Humphries Austin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Indonesian deep‐slope demersal fishery targets mostly snappers and groupers and is vital for the wellbeing of millions of people. More than 100 species are captured at depths of 50–500 m along shelves and seamounts using mostly droplines and bottom longlines. The main target species are Pristipomoides multidens, Pristipomoides filamentosus, Pristipomoides typus, Atrobucca brevis, Epinephelus areolatus, and Lutjanus malabaricus. The fleet in this fishery is predominantly unlicensed small‐scale (1–10 gross ton) vessels. The fishery is unmanaged and lacks data that would allow policymakers to formulate sustainable management strategies. Here, we use fisheries‐dependent data on catch composition, as well as fishing location and gear type, to determine factors that dictate catch composition and catches containing high proportions of immature fishes. Results indicate that immature fish assemblages are caught in particular locations, or “hotspots,” through a combination of fishing gear and habitat characteristics. The important “hotspots” occurred in the Java Sea‐Makassar Strait area. Only 2.4% of marine protected areas (MPAs) were located within “hotspots.” Our findings highlight places of high conservation priority, such as the Java Sea, where expansion of current MPAs would greatly benefit the deep‐slope demersal fishery in Indonesia by reducing immature catches, thus identifying a preexisting management that is appropriate for the sustainability of this fishery. The modeling methods we developed are transferable to other fisheries that lack data on fish abundance in order to prioritize management and conservation.
On the ‘Arab Inequality Puzzle’: A Comment
Authors: Hlasny Vladimir , Verme Paolo 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThis Comment responds to the critical review by Gilbert Achcar published in this journal (May 2020) which concludes that the protagonists of the ‘Arab Inequality Puzzle’ debate exhibit a systematic neoliberal bias. We counter that Achcar's conclusion is based on a misleading and selective interpretation of evidence, false grouping of scholars and an inadequate understanding of the measurement of income inequality. Achcar's article politicizes and dismisses years of thorough research which is unfair to the numerous scholars who made a genuine effort to understand the true level of income inequality and its evolution in Egypt. This Comment argues that it is essential to keep the debate on a technical level and leave speculations and conspiracy theories aside.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diastolic dysfunction, and impaired myocardial glucose uptake in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lee Minyoung , Kim Kwang Joon , Chung Tae‐Ha , Bae Jaehyun , Lee Yong‐ho , Lee Byung‐Wan , Cha Bong‐Soo , Yun Mijin , Kang Eun Seok 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate whether degree of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with myocardial dysfunction related to impaired myocardial glucose uptake in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and methodsIn total, 131 patients with type 2 diabetes from a tertiary care hospital were included in this study. Myocardial glucose uptake was assessed using [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were determined using transient liver elastography. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate cardiac structure and function.ResultsPatients with NAFLD had cardiac diastolic dysfunction with higher left ventricular filling pressure (E/e' ratio) and left atrial (LA) volume index than patients without NAFLD (all P < 0.05). Hepatic steatosis correlated with E/e' ratio and LA volume index, and hepatic fibrosis also correlated with E/e' ratio (all P < 0.05). Even after adjusting for confounding factors, a higher degree of hepatic steatosis (r2 = 0.409, P = 0.041) and a higher degree of fibrosis (r2 = 0.423, P = 0.009) were independent contributing factors to a higher E/e' ratio. Decreased myocardial glucose uptake was associated with a higher degree of steatosis (P for trend = 0.084) and fibrosis (P for trend = 0.012). At the same time, decreased myocardial glucose uptake was an independent contributing factor for a higher E/e' ratio (r2 = 0.409; P = 0.040).ConclusionsHepatic steatosis and fibrosis were significantly associated with diastolic heart dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes coupled with impaired myocardial glucose uptake.
Effectiveness of computer‐assisted learning in sports dentistry: studies over a multiple‐year period and at two universities
Authors: Shiota Nana , Kinoshita Atsuhiro , Sunaga Masayo , Tanabe Gen , Hayashi Kairi , Churei Hiroshi , Fukai Tomoko , Matsumoto Masaru , Yasui Toshikazu , Ueno Toshiaki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionInsufficient educational resources on sports dentistry result in varying lecture implementations across dental schools, which cause knowledge gaps amongst students. Thus, a new interactive sports dentistry‐related computer‐assisted learning (CAL) module was created to facilitate dental school undergraduate students' education. This study compared the CAL module's learning effectiveness with conventional video lectures (VL) and assessed its effectiveness when used over several years at a university, and examined its validation in different university contexts, and students' perceptions.Materials and MethodsParticipants were 305 fifth‐year students. Students from a university in Tokyo participated for 3 years and those from a university in Saitama for 1 year. In each year, the students were divided into two groups—CAL and VL. They studied their assigned modules in 20‐min lessons. A written test was administered to determine their knowledge acquisition levels, along with a questionnaire.ResultsTwo hundred sixty‐two consenting participants were included in the statistical analysis. The CAL groups' test scores at both schools were significantly higher than the VL groups’ every year (p < .001). Furthermore, test results from all years revealed no gender differences or repetition of the school years at either school. Most students at both universities evaluated the CAL module as excellent.ConclusionThe interactive CAL module generated consistently strong results over multiple years, during which it was used by a diverse group of students at two universities. The students highly rated the module's learning process as well as its contents.
Adolescent well‐being: A concept analysis
Authors: Avedissian Tamar , Alayan Nour 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough there is a vast literature on the concept of well‐being, there appears to be no consensus regarding its meaning. A clear conceptualization of adolescent well‐being is necessary as the foundation for interventions and research addressing this phenomenon. Adolescence is a transitional period characterized by rapid growth, gaining independence, and learning social skills as well as behaviours that lay the foundations for future well‐being. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to analyse the concept of adolescent well‐being and identify its attributes, antecedents, and empirical referents based on the literature. The Walker and Avant (2019) method was used. Ninety‐four articles were included in the final review. The defining attributes of adolescent well‐being were identified as autonomy, connectedness, optimism and competency. The antecedents were grouped under internal and external factors. Internal factors included the behavioural, physical, psychological, and spiritual domains. External factors included the environmental, economic, education, leisure, social, and safety as well as security domains. For the adolescent to reach well‐being, all these domains must be present, albeit, the social domain was highly stressed. The consequences of adolescent well‐being included eudaimonia, having high resilience as well as low risk‐taking behaviours and delinquency. Empirical referents were discussed in terms of ways of measuring the defining attributes. Stemming from the eudaimonic perspective, to promote adolescent well‐being, care providers need to integrate in education, practice, and research the importance of establishing positive relations and connectedness, to enhance adolescent autonomy and optimism and assist them to grow into competent and self‐fulfilled beings.