bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Letter: choosing between ustekinumab and vedolizumab in anti‐TNF refractory Crohn's disease—the devil is in the detail. Authors' reply
Authors: Alric Hadrien , Amiot Aurélien , Carbonnel Franck , Meyer Antoine 
Published: July 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Alric et al and Srinivasan papers. To view these articles, visit
https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15706 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15862.
Acute liver injury following turmeric use in Tuscany: An analysis of the Italian Phytovigilance database and systematic review of case reports
Authors: Lombardi Niccolò , Crescioli Giada , Maggini Valentina , Ippoliti Ilaria , Menniti‐Ippolito Francesca , Gallo Eugenia , Brilli Valentina , Lanzi Cecilia , Mannaioni Guido , Firenzuoli Fabio , Vannacci Alfredo 
Published: July 2020

AimsSeveral cases of acute non‐infectious cholestatic hepatitis recently appeared in Italy following consumption of Curcuma longa‐containing dietary supplements. The aim of this research was to describe the Tuscan (Italy) cases of acute hepatitis and to compare them with similar cases of hepatotoxicity published in the literature by performing a systematic review.MethodsRecords of Tuscan cases of acute hepatitis were obtained from the Italian Phytovigilance system. Each spontaneous report was analysed in order to collect all relevant clinical information of patients and information concerning the Curcuma longa‐containing dietary supplement. Moreover, both the RUCAM and WHO‐UMC systems were used to evaluate the causal relationship between the use of dietary supplement and acute hepatitis. A systematic literature review was performed in MEDLINE and Embase and all case‐reports and case‐series published in English were included.ResultsSeven cases of acute hepatitis occurring in Tuscany up to September 2019 are described. In all cases, hepatotoxicity was associated with Curcuma longa formulations with high bioavailability and high dosage of curcumin/curcuminoids. The causal relationship was also supported by the positive dechallenge observed in most cases. In the 23 cases identified through the systematic review, the majority of patients were concomitantly exposed to at least one other medication and 16 of them experienced a positive dechallenge.ConclusionsWithin the frame of poorly controlled and regulated products, such as dietary supplements, the evaluation of Italian cases of Curcuma longa‐induced acute hepatitis and the systematic review of literature confirmed the association between Curcuma longa and liver injury.
Societal‐level utility value strengthens the relationship between student‐level utility value and achievement: A person‐culture fit perspective
Authors: King Ronnel B. , Cai Yuyang , Du Hongfei 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundExpectancy–value theory posits that higher levels of utility‐value yield better achievement outcomes. Much of the existing research on utility value has focused on the individual as the unit of analysis. Person–culture fit theory, however, suggests that it is also important to consider the fit between the person and the broader society one is embedded in. The greater the fit, the more optimal outcomes ensue. However, to our knowledge past studies have not examined utility value from a person–culture fit perspective.AimsThis study aimed to examine whether person–culture fit in utility value, defined as the match between the student’s and the society’s utility value perceptions, is associated with more optimal outcomes. More specifically, we examined (1) how utility value predicted achievement and (2) whether societal‐level utility value changed the magnitude of the relationship between student‐level utility value and achievement.SampleWe used the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2009 data provided by 502,261 15‐year‐old students from 73 countries/societies.MethodsMultilevel random‐slopes structural equation modelling was used.ResultsAcross all societies, students with higher utility value had better achievement. Moreover, in societies where schooling is highly valued, students’ utility value was a stronger predictor of achievement in reading, math, and science confirming our person–culture fit hypothesis.ConclusionThese findings signify the importance of person–culture fit in utility value. It also has important implications for motivation research by demonstrating the need to take the broader societal context into account and moving beyond an exclusive focus on the individual student as the unit of analysis.
Anticancer and antileishmanial in vitro activity of gold(I) complexes with 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2(3H)‐thione ligands derived from δ‐D‐gluconolactone
Authors: Espinosa Andrés Villaseñor , Costa Danilo de Souza , Tunes Luiza Guimarães , Monte‐Neto Rubens L. do , Grazul Richard Michael , de Almeida Mauro Vieira , Silva Heveline 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFour gold(I) complexes conceived as anticancer agents were synthesized by reacting [Au(PEt3)Cl] and [Au(PPh3)Cl] with ligands derived from δ‐d‐gluconolactone. The ligands’ structure was designed to combine desired biological properties previously reported for each group. Ligands were synthesized from δ‐d‐gluconolactone via ketal protection and hydrazide formation followed by cyclization with CS2 to produce the novel oxadiazolidine‐2‐thione 7 and 8. Increasing of the ligands’ lipophilicity via ketal protection proved useful since all four gold(I) complexes showed anticancer and antileishmanial properties. The IC50 values are at low micromolar range, varying from 2 to 3 μm for the most active compounds. The free D‐gluconate 1,3,4 oxadiazole‐derived ligands were neither toxic nor presented anticancer or antileishmanial properties. Triethylphosphine‐derived compounds 9 and 10 were more selective against B16‐F10 melanoma cell line. Although similar in vitro antileishmanial activity was observed for the gold(I) precursors themselves and their derived complexes, the latter were three times less toxic for human THP‐1 macrophage cell line; this result is attributed to an isomeric variation of the D‐gluconate ligand and the oxadiazole portion, which was one of the key concepts behind this work. These findings should encourage further research on gold(I) complexes to develop novel compounds with potential application in cancer and leishmaniasis chemotherapy.
Adherence to and acceptability of three alcohol‐free, antiseptic oral rinses: A community‐based pilot randomized controlled trial among pregnant women in rural Nepal
Authors: Erchick Daniel J. , Agrawal Nitin K. , Khatry Subarna K. , Katz Joanne , LeClerq Steven C. , Reynolds Mark A. , Mullany Luke C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesAntiseptic oral rinses have been evaluated as interventions to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with periodontal disease in pregnant women. Oral rinse use is not common in Nepal or other countries in South Asia, where the prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes is high. Understanding whether pregnant women in rural communities in this region would incorporate rinse use into their daily teeth cleaning routine is an important prerequisite to future research on this topic in South Asia.MethodsWe conducted a community‐based pilot randomized controlled trial of three alcohol‐free, antiseptic oral rinses among pregnant women <22 weeks pregnant in rural Nepal with the aim of assessing rinse acceptability, adherence, and effect on clinical periodontal measures. At baseline, participants underwent a clinical periodontal examination, and then were classified as healthy or having at least mild gingivitis (≥1 site with probing depth (PD) 3 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) or ≥4 mm (PD)). Participants were stratified by periodontal status and randomized within each exposure category to chlorhexidine (CHX) (0.12%), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) (0.05%), salt and water (NaCl), or control (no rinse). Rinse participants were followed weekly for 12 weeks, and all participants underwent a second periodontal examination and answered a questionnaire.ResultsPregnant women in the rural Terai region of Nepal showed high adherence to (mean weekly rinse use: 185 mL (standard deviation: 66 mL)) a recommended 210 mL and acceptability of all three rinses. Participants reported greater frequency of tooth brushing with toothpaste and improvements in other recommended oral hygiene behaviours. CHX significantly reduced rates of gingivitis (defined as a participant with BOP ≥ 10% of sites) and the extent of BOP (gingivitis at the end of follow‐up for CHX vs control: RR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.84). CPC and NaCl rinse groups had rates of gingivitis and extent of BOP similar to the control group (gingivitis at the end of follow‐up for CPC: RR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.47, 1.38; NaCl: RR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.55, 1.56).ConclusionsAdherence to and acceptability of three alcohol‐free, antiseptic oral rinses were high among pregnant women in rural Nepal. Among participants with mild gingivitis at baseline, CHX rinse was most effective at reducing signs of disease compared to the control group. Oral rinse should be considered as a supplement to current oral self‐care routines for pregnant women in settings where rinse use is uncommon and access to oral health services is limited.
Maternal hyperthyroidism and pregnancy outcomes: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Turunen Suvi , Vääräsmäki Marja , Lahesmaa‐Korpinen Anna‐Maria , Leinonen Maarit K. , Gissler Mika , Männistö Tuija , Suvanto Eila 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveMaternal hyperthyroidism and antithyroid medications have been associated with adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. This nationwide register‐based study investigated the association of maternal hyperthyroidism and antithyroid drug (ATD) use with pregnancy outcomes and included all singleton births in Finland between 2004 and 2013 (N = 571 785).Design, patients and measurementsHyperthyroid mothers were identified in the Medical Birth Register, and data on ATD use before and/or during pregnancy were collected from the Prescription Register. The odds ratios, with 95% confidence intervals, for adverse outcomes among hyperthyroid mothers and mothers without thyroid disease were compared using logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 2144 (0.37%) of all the women had diagnoses of hyperthyroidism, and 580 (27%) of these women had used ATDs before and/or during pregnancy. Compared to the mothers without thyroid disease, maternal hyperthyroidism was associated with older age, multiparity, smoking, previous miscarriages, and overweight or obesity. The mothers diagnosed with hyperthyroidism also had increased odds of gestational hypertensive disorders, caesarean sections, placental abruptions, preterm births, small‐for‐gestational‐age newborns and neonatal intensive care unit treatment. The odds of pregnancy and/or perinatal complications were higher among those who had used ATDs (indicative of active disease), but those who had not received ATD treatment also had increased odds of such complications compared to the mothers without thyroid disease.ConclusionsWomen with active hyperthyroidism and those with histories of hyperthyroidism should be considered at risk of developing pregnancy and perinatal complications and should therefore be monitored during pregnancy.
Interactively Modifying Compressed Sparse Voxel Representations
Authors: Careil V. , Billeter M. , Eisemann E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVoxels are a popular choice to encode complex geometry. Their regularity makes updates easy and enables random retrieval of values. The main limitation lies in the poor scaling with respect to resolution. Sparse voxel DAGs (Directed Acyclic Graphs) overcome this hurdle and offer high‐resolution representations for real‐time rendering but only handle static data. We introduce a novel data structure to enable interactive modifications of such compressed voxel geometry without requiring de‐ and recompression. Besides binary data to encode geometry, it also supports compressed attributes (e.g., color). We illustrate the usefulness of our representation via an interactive large‐scale voxel editor (supporting carving, filling, copying, and painting).
Neural Temporal Adaptive Sampling and Denoising
Authors: Hasselgren J. , Munkberg J. , Salvi M. , Patney A. , Lefohn A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite recent advances in Monte Carlo path tracing at interactive rates, denoised image sequences generated with few samples per‐pixel often yield temporally unstable results and loss of high‐frequency details. We present a novel adaptive rendering method that increases temporal stability and image fidelity of low sample count path tracing by distributing samples via spatio‐temporal joint optimization of sampling and denoising. Adding temporal optimization to the sample predictor enables it to learn spatio‐temporal sampling strategies such as placing more samples in disoccluded regions, tracking specular highlights, etc; adding temporal feedback to the denoiser boosts the effective input sample count and increases temporal stability. The temporal approach also allows us to remove the initial uniform sampling step typically present in adaptive sampling algorithms. The sample predictor and denoiser are deep neural networks that we co‐train end‐to‐end over multiple consecutive frames. Our approach is scalable, allowing trade‐off between quality and performance, and runs at near real‐time rates while achieving significantly better image quality and temporal stability than previous methods.
Locally supported tangential vector,n‐vector, and tensor fields
Authors: Nasikun Ahmad , Brandt Christopher , Hildebrandt Klaus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe introduce a construction of subspaces of the spaces of tangential vector, n‐vector, and tensor fields on surfaces. The resulting subspaces can be used as the basis of fast approximation algorithms for design and processing problems that involve tangential fields. Important features of our construction are that it is based on a general principle, from which constructions for different types of tangential fields can be derived, and that it is scalable, making it possible to efficiently compute and store large subspace bases for large meshes. Moreover, the construction is adaptive, which allows for controlling the distribution of the degrees of freedom of the subspaces over the surface. We evaluate our construction in several experiments addressing approximation quality, scalability, adaptivity, computation times and memory requirements. Our design choices are justified by comparing our construction to possible alternatives. Finally, we discuss examples of how subspace methods can be used to build interactive tools for tangential field design and processing tasks.
Invertible Paradoxic Loop Structures for Transformable Design
Authors: Li Z. , Nawratil G. , Rist F. , Hensel M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present an interactive tool compatible with existing software (Rhino/Grasshopper) to design ring structures with a paradoxic mobility, which are self‐collision‐free over the complete motion cycle. Our computational approach allows non‐expert users to create these invertible paradoxic loops with six rotational joints by providing several interactions that facilitate design exploration. In a first step, a rational cubic motion is shaped either by means of a four pose interpolation procedure or a motion evolution algorithm. By using the representation of spatial displacements in terms of dual‐quaternions, the associated motion polynomial of the resulting motion can be factored in several ways, each corresponding to a composition of three rotations. By combining two suitable factorizations, an arrangement of six rotary axes is achieved, which possesses a 1‐parametric mobility. In the next step, these axes are connected by links in a way that the resulting linkage is collision‐free over the complete motion cycle. Based on an algorithmic solution for this problem, collision‐free design spaces of the individual links are generated in a post‐processing step. The functionality of the developed design tool is demonstrated in the context of an architectural and artistic application studied in a master‐level studio course. Two results of the performed design experiments were fabricated by the use of computer‐controlled machines to achieve the necessary accuracy ensuring the mobility of the models.
Interactive Modeling of Cellular Structures on Surfaces with Application to Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Stadlbauer P. , Mlakar D. , Seidel H.‐P. , Steinberger M. , Zayer R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe rich and evocative patterns of natural tessellations endow them with an unmistakable artistic appeal and structural properties which are echoed across design, production, and manufacturing. Unfortunately, interactive control of such patterns‐as modeled by Voronoi diagrams, is limited to the simple two dimensional case and does not extend well tofreeform surfaces. We present an approach for direct modeling and editing of such cellular structures on surface meshes. The overall modeling experience is driven by a set of editing primitives which are efficiently implemented on graphics hardware. We feature a novel application for 3D printing on modern support‐free additive manufacturing platforms. Our method decomposes the input surface into a cellular skeletal structure which hosts a set of overlay shells. In this way, material saving can be channeled to the shells while structural stability is channeled to the skeleton. To accommodate the available printer build volume, the cellular structure can be further split into moderately sized parts. Together with shells, they can be conveniently packed to save on production time. The assembly of the printed parts is streamlined by a part numbering scheme which respects the geometric layout of the input model.
Polygon Laplacian Made Simple
Authors: Bunge Astrid , Herholz Philipp , Kazhdan Misha , Botsch Mario 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe discrete Laplace‐Beltrami operator for surface meshes is a fundamental building block for many (if not most) geometry processing algorithms. While Laplacians on triangle meshes have been researched intensively, yielding the cotangent discretization as the de‐facto standard, the case of general polygon meshes has received much less attention. We present a discretization of the Laplace operator which is consistent with its expression as the composition of divergence and gradient operators, and is applicable to general polygon meshes, including meshes with non‐convex, and even non‐planar, faces. Byvirtuallyinserting a carefully placed point we implicitly refine each polygon into a triangle fan, but then hide the refinement within the matrix assembly. The resulting operator generalizes the cotangent Laplacian, inherits its advantages, and is empirically shown to be on par or even better than the recent polygon Laplacian of Alexa and Wardetzky [AW11] — while being simpler to compute.
RGB2AO: Ambient Occlusion Generation from RGB Images
Authors: Inoue N. , Ito D. , Hold‐Geoffroy Y. , Mai L. , Price B. , Yamasaki T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present RGB2AO, a novel task to generate ambient occlusion (AO) from a single RGB image instead of screen space buffers such as depth and normal. RGB2AO produces a new image filter that creates a non‐directional shading effect that darkens enclosed and sheltered areas. RGB2AO aims to enhance two 2D image editing applications: image composition and geometry‐aware contrast enhancement. We first collect a synthetic dataset consisting of pairs of RGB images and AO maps. Subsequently, we propose a model for RGB2AO by supervised learning of a convolutional neural network (CNN), considering 3D geometry of the input image. Experimental results quantitatively and qualitatively demonstrate the effectiveness of our model.
Accurate Real‐time 3D Gaze Tracking Using a Lightweight Eyeball Calibration
Authors: Wen Q. , Bradley D. , Beeler T. , Park S. , Hilliges O. , Yong J. , Xu F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract3D gaze tracking from a single RGB camera is very challenging due to the lack of information in determining the accurate gaze target from a monocular RGB sequence. The eyes tend to occupy only a small portion of the video, and even small errors in estimated eye orientations can lead to very large errors in the triangulated gaze target. We overcome these difficulties with a novel lightweight eyeball calibration scheme that determines the user‐specific visual axis, eyeball size and position in the head. Unlike the previous calibration techniques, we do not need the ground truth positions of the gaze points. In the online stage, gaze is tracked by a new gaze fitting algorithm, and refined by a 3D gaze regression method to correct for bias errors. Our regression is pre‐trained on several individuals and works well for novel users. After the lightweight one‐time user calibration, our method operates in real time. Experiments show that our technique achieves state‐of‐the‐art accuracy in gaze angle estimation, and we demonstrate applications of 3D gaze target tracking and gaze retargeting to an animated 3D character.
Real‐time Anticipation of Occlusions for Automated Camera Control in Toric Space
Authors: Burg L. , Lino C. , Christie M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEfficient visibility computation is a prominent requirement when designing automated camera control techniques for dynamic 3D environments; computer games, interactive storytelling or 3D media applications all need to track 3D entities while ensuring their visibility and delivering a smooth cinematic experience. Addressing this problem requires to sample a large set of potential camera positions and estimate visibility for each of them, which in practice is intractable despite the efficiency of ray‐casting techniques on recent platforms. In this work, we introduce a novel GPU‐rendering technique to efficiently compute occlusions of tracked targets in Toric Space coordinates – a parametric space designed for cinematic camera control. We then rely on this occlusion evaluation to derive an anticipation map predicting occlusions for a continuous set of cameras over a user‐defined time window. We finally design a camera motion strategy exploiting this anticipation map to minimize the occlusions of tracked entities over time. The key features of our approach are demonstrated through comparison with traditionally used ray‐casting on benchmark scenes, and through an integration in multiple game‐like 3D scenes with heavy, sparse and dense occluders.
Interactive Meso‐scale Simulation of Skyscapes
Authors: Vimont Ulysse , Gain James , Lastic Maud , Cordonnier Guillaume , Abiodun Babatunde , Cani Marie‐Paule 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough an important component of natural scenes, the representation of skyscapes is often relatively simplistic. This can be largely attributed to the complexity of the thermodynamics underpinning cloud evolution and wind dynamics, which make interactive simulation challenging. We address this problem by introducing a novel layered model that encompasses both terrain and atmosphere, and supports efficient meteorological simulations. The vertical and horizontal layer resolutions can be tuned independently, while maintaining crucial inter‐layer thermodynamics, such as convective circulation and land‐air transfers of heat and moisture. In addition, we introduce a cloud‐form taxonomy for clustering, classifying and upsampling simulation cells to enable visually plausible, finely‐sampled volumetric rendering.As our results demonstrate, this pipeline allows interactive simulation followed by up‐sampled rendering of extensive skyscapes with dynamic clouds driven by consistent wind patterns. We validate our method by reproducing characteristic phenomena such as diurnal shore breezes, convective cells that contribute to cumulus cloud formation, and orographic effects from moist air driven upslope.