bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing the E&P Safety Culture
Authors: Pemberton James B. 
Published: April 2020

Published in Oil & Gas Executive, Volume 1, Number 1, 1998, pages 44-50.
Traditionally, improved safety practices in the E&P industry have been in response to safety failures or emerging regulations, and the focus has been on injury statistics rather than on overall safety performance. Because of this approach, safety improvement in the E&P industry has been slow. To produce better results and to keep pace with quality and technology advancements in other areas of the industry, the safety culture in the E&P industry must change more quickly.
Safety performance depends on modifying behavior. This occurs when the unsupervised employee is motivated to take correct action. Compliance manuals, safety staff, incentive awards, regulatory training, and new computer-based training do not truly modify the behavior of employees who are unsupervised nearly 100% of the time. Re-engineering individual safety processes or a company's management system does not produce the needed change. Consultants armed with new safety-management terminology and behavioral-observation programs with employee involvement have emerged in recent years. While proactive, these attempts are mostly superficial and fail to address the driving forces behind true behavioral change.

Closing the Gap
The companies discussed contrast a safety belief system aimed at quality with one aimed at mediocrity. The difference between the two collections of beliefs, values, and norms represents a cultural gap. This gap has more potential influence on the unsupervised behavior of employees and on management decisions than all training and packaged safety programs combined. It is this gap that potentially prohibits the E&P industry from making strides in safety that are commensurate with technological advances in the industry. The examples also show systematic ways to recognize and successfully change the safety culture and close this gap. The cases described reflect significant change in cultural value systems, which in turn, produced both short-term safety results and benefits in other areas. Managing safety well became the vehicle to manage everything well.
The examples demonstrate that traditional safety values of the E&P industry can change. While the aim of most safety programs is behavior modification, this approach aims at fundamental feelings about safety. As the E&P industry enters the next century, this depth of change will be necessary with the incoming work force. Attacking these cultural beliefs to close the gap in elemental order as presented, combined with sound management processes, provides a guide to change.
Seropositivity and associated intrinsic and extrinsic factors for Rift Valley fever virus occurrence in pastoral herds of Nigeria: A cross sectional survey
Authors: Alhaji Nma Bida , Aminu Jibrin , Lawan Mohammed Kabir , Babalobi Olutayo Olajide , Ghali-Mohammed Ibrahim , Odetokun Ismail Ayoade 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne emerging zoonotic disease of animals and humans, characterized by major socioeconomic losses to livestock farmers, with potential global public health threat. The study determined RVFV seroprevalence in cattle, as well as assessed pastoralists’ existing knowledge about the diseases, and factors that influence RVFV occurrence in pastoral cattle herds of Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in pastoral herds of North-central Nigeria from 2017 to 2018. Data collections were carried out using serology and questionnaire tools. Descriptive statistics, using frequencies and proportions, were used to analyze data obtained from the survey. Categorical variables were presented as proportions and their associations determined by Chi-square tests. Associations of risk factors were analyzed by univariable and multivariable logistic regressions analyses at 95% confidence level. Results: The overall IgM seropositivity of RVFV in pastoral cattle herds of North-central Nigeria was 5.6%. This was higher in nomadic cattle (7.4%) than agro-pastoral animals (3.8%). All animal demographic characteristics of age, sex and breeds were not significantly (p>0.05) associated with RVFV occurrence in pastoral herds. All the 403 pastoralists selected participated in the study, with the majorities of respondents being male, married and having formal education. Majority of the pastoralists had low knowledge levels about zoonotic RVFV infection. However, all identified socio-ecological factors significantly (p<0.05) influenced RVFV occurrence in pastoral cattle herds. Mosquitoes availability in cattle herds environment (OR=7.81; 95% CI: 4.85, 12.37), presence of rivers and streams at grazing fields (OR=10.80; 95% CI: 6.77, 17.34), high rainfall (OR=4.30; 95% CI: 2.74, 6.59), irrigated rice fields (OR=5.14; 95% CI: 3.21, 7.79) , bushy vegetation (OR=6.11; 95% CI: 3.96, 9.43), animal movement (OR=2.2; 95% CI: 1.45, 3.25), and seasons (OR=2.34; 95% CI: 1.55, 3.51) were more likely to influence RVFV occurrence in pastoral cattle herds. Conclusions: The results of this study illustrated recent circulation of RVFV in pastoral cattle herds of Nigeria and needs urgent interventions. Low levels of knowledge about RVF were also highlighted amongst surveyed pastoralists and identified socio-ecological factors significantly influenced RVFV occurrence in herds. Adequate knowledge about RVF epidemiology will assure food security and public health.
Functional Adrenal Insufficiency among Tuberculosis-Human Immunodeficiency Virus co-infected patients: A Cross-section study in Uganda
Authors: Naggirinya Agnes Bwanika Bwanika , Mujugira Andrew , Meya David B. , Biraro Irene Andia , Mupere Ezekiel , Worodria William , Manabe Yukari C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of adrenal insufficiency in resource-limited settings. The adrenal gland is the most commonly affected endocrine organ in TB infection. We assessed factors associated with functional adrenal insufficiency (FAI) among TB-HIV patients with and without drug-resistance in Uganda. Patients with drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB were enrolled and examined for clinical signs and symptoms of FAI with an early morning serum cortisol level obtained. FAI was defined as early morning serum cortisol <414 nmol//L. Associations with FAI were modeled using multivariable logistic regression.Results: We screened 311 TB patients and enrolled 272. Of these, 117 (43%) had drug-resistant TB. Median age was 32 years (IQR 18-66) and 66% were men. The proportion with FAI was 59.8%. Mean cortisol levels were lower in participants with drug-resistant than susceptible TB (317.4 versus 488.5 nmol/L; p<0.001). In multivariable analyses, drug-resistant TB (aOR 4.61; 95% CI: 2.3-9.1; p<0.001), treatment duration > 1 month (aOR 2.86; 95% CI: 1.4-5.5; p=0.002) and abdominal pain (aOR 2.06; 95% CI: 1.04-4.09; p=0.038) were significantly associated with FAI. Early morning serum cortisol levels should be quantified in TB-HIV co-infected patients with drug-resistant TB.
Immune activation of murine RAW264.7 macrophages by sonicated and alkalized paramylon from Euglena gracilis
Authors: Guo Qingqing , Bi Decheng , Wu Mingcan , Yu Boming , Hu Lang , Liu Chenchen , Gu Liang , Zhu Hui , Lei Anping , Xu Xu , Wang Jiangxin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Euglena is a new super health food resource that is rich in the natural polysaccharide paramylon, a linear β-1,3-glucan with various biological activities including activity on the immune system in different cell lines and animals. Despite these reports, the immune regulation mechanism of paramylon is still unclear. Results: We investigate the signaling pathways paramylon impacts in immune macrophages. In RAW264.7 macrophages, sonicated and alkalized paramylon oligomers up-regulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and increased secretion of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, paramylon activated the nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and inhibiting these pathways attenuated the paramylon-induced secretion of the above immune-mediators. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that Euglena gracilis paramylon modulates the immune system via activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and thus has potential therapeutic benefits.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review Based on the Efficacy Model
Authors: Assiri Hassan , Dwasaz Ali , Alahmari Ahmad AA , Asiri Zuhair A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to address the diagnostic efficacy of cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging in periodontics based on a systematic search and analysis of the literature using the hierarchical efficacy model. Methods A systematic search of the electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane was conducted until February 2019 to identify studies addressing the efficacy of CBCT imaging in Periodontics. The identified studies were subjected to pre-identified inclusion criteria followed by an analysis using a hierarchical model of efficacy (model) designed for an appraisal of the literature on a diagnostic imaging modality. Two examiners performed the eligibility and quality assessment of relevant studies, and consensus was reached where disagreement was found. Results The search resulted in 64 studies. Of these, 35 publications were allocated to the relevant level of efficacy and quality assessments wherever applicable. The overall diagnostic accuracy studies showed the risk of bias and applicability concerns in the use of CBCT to be low to moderate. In addition, CBCT is accurate in identifying periodontal defects when compared to other modalities. The studies on the level of patient outcomes agreed that CBCT is a reliable tool for the assessment of the outcomes after the treatment of periodontal defects. Conclusion CBCT was found to be beneficial and accurate in cases of infra-bony defects and furcation involvements.
‘She must cover up whilst the baby is feeding’: Experiences and attitudes about breastfeeding among female and male informal workers in India and South Africa.
Authors: Horwood Christiane , Surie Aditi , Haskins Lyn , Luthuli Silondile , Hinton Rachael , Chowdhury Antara , Rollins Nigel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Worldwide, over 740 million women make their living in the informal economy and do not benefit from formal employment benefits, such as maternity leave, that can improve infant feeding practices. Returning to work is one of the biggest challenges women face to maintaining breastfeeding. This study aimed to explore interactions between informal work and breastfeeding practices. Methods: The study used a qualitative research design. Purposive and snowball sampling was employed. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among men and women working in different types of informal jobs, in India and South Africa. Data was analysed using a thematic approach and the framework method.Results: Between March and July 2017, 14 FGDs were conducted in South Africa and nine in India. Most women were knowledgeable about the benefits of breastfeeding and reported initiating breastfeeding. However, pressures of family responsibilities and household financial obligations often forced mothers to return to work soon after childbirth. Upon return to work many mothers changed their infant feeding practices, adding breastmilk substitutes like formula milk, buffalo milk, and non-nutritive fluids like Rooibos tea. Some mothers expressed breastmilk to feed the infant while working but many mothers raised concerns about breastmilk becoming ‘spoilt’. Breastfeeding in the workplace was challenging as the work environment was described as unsafe and unhygienic for breastfeeding and childcare. Mothers also described being unable to complete their work tasks while caring for an infant. In contrast, the flexibility of informal work allowed some mothers to successfully balance competing priorities of child care and work. Sociocultural challenges influenced breastfeeding practices. For example, men in both countries expressed mixed views about breastfeeding. Breastfeeding was perceived as good for both mother and child, however it was culturally unacceptable for women to breastfeed in public. This affected the ability of working mothers to breastfeed outside the home and contributed to a lack of respect for women who chose to breastfeed in the workplace. Conclusion: Mothers working in the informal sector face multiple challenges to maintaining breastfeeding. Interventions are required to support optimal feeding and child care if global nutrition and development goals are to be met.
What do we know about physical activity interventions in vocational education and training? A systematic review
Authors: Grüne Eva , Popp Johanna , Carl Johannes , Pfeifer Klaus 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Although the health benefits of physical activity are well known, young people’s level of physical activity is often insufficient and tends to decline in adolescence. Numerous studies have investigated the effectiveness of physical activity-promoting interventions among young people, but none have reviewed the effectiveness of physical activity interventions in the vocational education and training (VET) setting. This systematic review aims to (1) synthesize and review the available literature on physical activity-promoting interventions in VET and (2) examine the effects of these interventions on physical activity-related outcomes such as physical activity level, physical fitness, physiological parameters, or psychological factors. Methods: Five electronic databases were searched for studies involving adolescents aged 15 to 20 years that took place in VET settings and evaluated the effects of interventions with a physical activity component on physical activity-related outcomes such as PA level, physical fitness, physiological parameters, or psychological factors. The screening process and the quality assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers; data extraction was conducted by one reviewer and verified by another. Results: The literature search identified 18,959 articles and 11,282 unique records. After the screening process, nine studies met the pre-defined eligibility criteria and were included in qualitative analyses. All but two studies reported significant improvements for at least one physical activity-related outcome. The interventions substantially differed in their development approaches (top-down vs. bottom-up approaches), complexity (multi- vs. single-component), and addressed behavior (multi-behavioral vs. single-behavioral). The most conspicuous finding was that bottom-up approaches tend to improve outcomes at the psychological level and top-down approaches at the physical level. Regarding the interventions’ complexity and addressed behavior, we did not reveal any conclusive results. Conclusion: This systematic review highlights the varying effects of physical activity-promoting interventions in VET. Nevertheless, heterogeneous effects and overall weak study quality limited our ability to draw clear conclusions about the potentially most effective intervention strategies. Therefore, future research should focus on high-quality studies with long-term follow-ups to make recommendations for practical use. Trial registration: PROSPERO CRD42018109845
Experimental Pain and Fatigue Induced by Excessive Chewing
Authors: Sayegh Samaa Al , Vasilatou Ioanna , Kumar Abhishek , Barwari Ceva Al , Fredriksson Lars , Grigoriadis Anastasios , Christidis Nikolaos 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

The study was aiming to optimize excessive gum chewing and investigate if it could be an experimental model to induce jaw muscle pain and subjective fatigue similar to those in painful TMDs. Secondarily, to investigate if the induced pain and fatigue had a duration that would allow immediate investigations of jaw-motor function. Finally, if any sex differences would be detected in the expression of pain.

Methods

This randomized, double blinded study included 31 healthy participants of both sexes. A standardized chewing protocol of either 40- or 60-minutes of chewing was used with a wash-out period of one week. Subjective fatigue, pain characteristics and functional measures were assessed. For statistical analyses, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, Mann–Whitney Rank Sum test and Friedman’s ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test were used.

Results

High subjective fatigue scores that lasted up to 20 minutes after the end of the trial were significantly induced both in the 40- and 60-minute chewing trials. Significant but mild pain was induced only in the 60-minute trial and only in men. Also the induced pain area was significantly bigger in the 60-minute trial. However, this increase in pain and pain area did not last to the first 10-minute follow-up. Although there were significant differences detected regarding fatigue within both of the trials and pain within the 60-minute trial, there were no significant differences neither between the trials, other than regarding the pain area, nor between sexes.

Conclusion

Taken together, excessive chewing in its current form does not seem to be a proper pain experimental model. The model needs further adjustments in order to mimic TMD-pain especially in women and to prolong the pain duration.
Parental illness and life satisfaction among adolescents. A cross-sectional study of moderating effects of school climate indicators
Authors: Jørgensen Sanne Ellegaard , Thygesen Lau C. , Andersen Anette , Due Pernille , Michelsen Susan I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

A considerable proportion of adolescents grow up with a seriously or chronically ill parent. School climate is a strong predictor of life satisfaction. Moreover, studies indicate that school climate may operate as a protective factor for adolescents at-risk of low life satisfaction. We examine the relationship between parental illness and life satisfaction and the potential effect modification of the school climate on this association. Furthermore, we describe the use of student counselors among adolescent with and without ill parents.

Methods

Data include 9,565 students from lower secondary schools and youth education programs who participated in the cross-sectional survey Well-being Despite. Multilevel logistic regression models including joint effect analyses were performed.

Results

A total of 1,424 (14.9%) students had one or more ill parents. The odds ratio of low life satisfaction among adolescents was 1.21 (95% CI, 0.99-1.48) with a physically ill parent with no functional impairment, 1.70 (1.32-2.20) with a physically ill parent with functional impairment, 2.60 (2.01-3.35) with a mentally ill parent, and 3.05 (2.12-4.38) with more than one ill parents, compared to adolescents with no ill parents. Not being part of the classroom community, not trusting your teachers, and wanting more academic support from teachers was more frequent among adolescents with ill parents. Joint effect analysis did not show any buffering effect of school climate indicators in the associations between parental illness and life satisfaction among adolescents. The odds ratio of having talked to a student counselor ranged from 1.26 (1.03-1.54) for adolescents with a physically ill parent with no functional impairment to 2.42 (1.65-3.55) among adolescents with several ill parents, compared to no ill parents.

Conclusions

Parental illness is strongly associated of low life satisfaction among adolescents, especially among adolescent with a mentally ill parent or several ill parents. For both adolescents with and without an ill parent, negative school climate indicators were strongly associated with low life satisfaction and were more frequent among adolescents with ill parents. Unexpectedly, school climate did not help children of ill parents to achieve a higher life satisfaction, over and above the effect on life satisfaction for all children.
High triglyceride glucose index is more closely associated with hypertension than lipid or glycemic parameters in elderly individuals: a cross-sectional survey from the Reaction Study.
Authors: Zhu Binruo , Wang Jie , Chen Kang , Yan Wenhua , Wang Anping , Wang Weiqing , Gao Zhengnan , Tang Xulei , Yan Li , Wan Qin , Luo Zuojie , Qin Guijun , Chen Lulu , Mu Yiming 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Both lipid and glucose abnormalities are associated with hypertension (HTN). However, it is unclear whether triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is associated with HTN. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the association of TyG index and HTN and compare the discriminative power of TyG index, lipid, glycemic parameters for the risk of HTN in the elderly individuals.Methods: The present study was nested in a longitudinal (REACTION) study from May 2011 to December 2011, which was designed to demonstrate the association of abnormal glucose metabolism with the risk of cancer in the Chinese population. 43591 participants were recruited in this cross-sectional study. TyG index were divided into 5 groups: <20% group, the 20-39% group, the 40-59% group, the 60-79% group and the ≥80% group according quartile division of the subjects. Three multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between TyG v.s lipid parameters, glycemic parameters and HTN.Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that compared with lipid and glycemic parameters, TyG index remains significantly associated with HTN in either total subjects or subjects separated into men and women (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-1.51, p <0.0001 in total subjects; OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.11-1.74, p=0.0042 in men; OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11-1.49, p=0.0010 in women). In stratified analysis, elevated TyG index is significantly associated with HTN in the subgroup of oldest age (≥65) (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.30-2.14, p <0.0001), obesity (Body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m2) (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.29-2.66, p 0.0009) or lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (<90 mL/ (min·1.73 m2)) (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.33-2.21, p <0.0001).Conclusion: TyG index is significantly associated with HTN and shows the superior discriminative ability for HTN compared with lipid and glycemic parameters in the Chinese elderly population.