bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stuttering as Defined by Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Tichenor Seth E. , Yaruss J. Scott 
Published: December 2019

PurposeNumerous frameworks and definitions have sought to differentiate what behaviors and experiences should be considered as a part of stuttering. Nearly all of these efforts have been based on the perspectives and beliefs of conversational partners and listeners. This outside-in approach to defining stuttering lacks validation from people who live with the condition.MethodIn this study, 430 adults who stutter participated in a qualitative exploration of the termstuttering. Data were analyzed thematically to determine speakers' perspectives about moment of stuttering and the overall experience of stuttering in their lives.ResultsTo adults who stutter, the termstutteringsignifies a constellation of experiences beyond the observable speech disfluency behaviors that are typically defined as stuttering by listeners. Participants reported that the moment of stuttering often begins with a sensation of anticipation, feeling stuck, or losing control. This sensation may lead speakers to react in various ways, including affective, behavioral, and cognitive reactions that can become deeply ingrained as people deal with difficulties in saying what they want to say. These reactions can be associated with adverse impact on people's lives. This interrelated chain of events can be exacerbated by outside environmental factors, such as the reactions of listeners.DiscussionData from this survey provide novel evidence regarding what stuttering means to adults who stutter. These data are used to update the adaptation of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as it applies to stuttering (Yaruss & Quesal, 2004) to better account for the complex and individualized phenotype of stuttering and to develop a definition of the experience of stuttering that is based not only on the observations of listeners but also on the impact of stuttering on the lives of adults who stutter.
The Tarantula Massive Binary Monitoring
Authors: Mahy L. , Almeida L. A. , Sana H. , Clark J. S. , de Koter A. , de Mink S. E. , Evans C. J. , Grin N. J. , Langer N. , Moffat A. F. J. , Schneider F. R. N. , Shenar T. , Tramper F. 
Published: December 2019

Context. A high fraction of massive stars are found to be binaries but only a few of them are reported as photometrically variable. By studying the populations of double-lined spectroscopic binaries in the 30 Doradus region, we found a subset of them that have photometry from the OGLE project and that display variations in their light curves related to orbital motions.
Aims. The goal of this study is to determine the dynamical masses and radii of the 26 binary components in order to investigate the mass-discrepancy problem and to provide an empirical mass-luminosity relation for the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC).
Methods. We use the PHOEBE programme to perform a systematic analysis of the OGLE V and I light curves obtained for 13 binary systems in the 30 Doradus region. We adopt the effective temperatures, and orbital parameters derived previously to obtain the inclinations of the systems and the parameters of the individual components.
Results. Three systems display eclipses in their light curves, while the others only display ellipsoidal variations. We classify two systems as over-contact, five as semi-detached, and four as detached. The two remaining systems have uncertain configurations due to large uncertainties on their inclinations. The fact that systems display ellipsoidal variations has a significant impact on the inclination errors. From the dynamical masses, luminosities, and radii, we provide LMC-based empirical mass-luminosity and mass-radius relations, and we compare them to other relations given for the Galaxy, the LMC, and the Small Magellanic Cloud. These relations differ for different mass ranges, but do not seem to depend on the metallicity regimes. We also compare the dynamical, spectroscopic, and evolutionary masses of the stars in our sample. While the dynamical and spectroscopic masses agree with each other, the evolutionary masses are systematically higher, at least for stars in semi-detached systems. This suggests that the mass discrepancy can be partly explained by past or ongoing interactions between the stars.
Status of the UCNτ experiment
Authors: Pattie R.W. , Callahan N.B. , Cude-Woods C. , Adamek E.R. , Adams M. , Barlow D. , Blatnik M. , D. Bowman , Broussard L.J. , Clayton S. , Currie S. , Dees E.B. , Ding X. , Fellers D. , Fox W. , Fries E. , Gonzalez F. , Geltenbort P. , Hickerson K.P. , Hoffbauer M.A. , Hoffman K. , Holley A.T. , Howard D. , Ito T.M. , Komives A. , Liu C.Y. , M. Makela , Medina J. , Morley D. , Morris C.L. , O'Connor T. , Penttilä S.I. , Ramsey J.C. , Roberts A. , Salvat D. , Saunders A. , Seestrom S.J. , Sharapov E.I. , Sjue S.K.L. , Snow W.M. , Sprow A. , Vanderwerp J. , Vogelaar B. , P.L. Walstrom , Wang Z. , Weaver H. , Wexler J. , Womack T.L. , Young A.R. , Zeck B.A. 
Published: December 2019

The neutron is the simplest nuclear system that can be used to probe the structure of the weak interaction and search for physics beyond the standard model. Measurements of neutron lifetime and β-decay correlation coefficients with precisions of 0.02% and 0.1%, respectively, would allow for stringent constraints on new physics. The UCNτ experiment uses an asymmetric magneto-gravitational UCN trap with in situ counting of surviving neutrons to measure the neutron lifetime, τn = 877.7s (0.7s)stat (+0.4/−0.2s)sys. We discuss the recent result from UCNτ, the status of ongoing data collection and analysis, and the path toward a 0.25 s measurement of the neutron lifetime with UCNτ.
Diabetes mellitus im Alter
Authors: Wernecke Jürgen , Bahrmann Anke 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDiabetes in old age is one of the most common chronical diseases by a prevalence of up to 25 % of the 70-year and older patients. Elderly with diabetes often suffer from functional or cognitive deficits that must be realized for therapeutic issues. These would include special geriatric syndromes like frailty, falls, immobility or higher vulnerability for drug interactions. Therefore the German Diabetes Association recommends to adjust therapeutic goals not only to patients’ goals but also to their individual functional status. Simple therapy regimens should be preferred to avoid polypharmacia and to preserve the patients’ independence as long as possible.
Long-term outcomes of per-oral endoscopic myotomy in a patient with distal esophageal spasm followed up for 2.5 years: two sides of the same coin – A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wang Bin , Jin Hong , Zhao Wei , Zhao Chunshan , Wang Tao , Zhang Lili , Sun Fangyuan , Wang Bangmao , Song Jiye 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction Distal esophageal spasm (DES), a relatively rare condition, is characterized by simultaneous contractions of the distal esophagus and manifested by dysphagia and chest pain. Several treatment options are recommended, such as pharmacological therapy, endoscopic interventions, and surgical myotomy. Recently, per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been adopted as an effective and less-invasive treatment due to its excellent short-term clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, few reports describe its long-term effects.
Case presentation A 65-year-old woman complained of chest pain accompanied with dysphagia and weight loss for 4 months. A series of examinations suggested that she was suffering from DES and then POEM was performed. During the 2.5-year follow-up, we observed an exciting long-term outcome. Interestingly, hematoxylin and eosin staining verified a large number of eosinophils in the muscularis externa, which was absent in the mucosa of the esophagus of the patient.
Conclusions We herein report a case of DES who underwent POEM to eliminate persistent esophageal contractions. Eckardt score, esophageal emptying test, and high-resolution manometry were assumed to monitor the efficacy of POEM. During treatment and 2.5 years after operation, esophageal muscle biopsies and/or mucosal tissues were obtained. This case has been presented to describe that POEM could be a strategy for DES with a long-term curative effect and that eosinophils in the muscle layer of the esophagus might be involved in the pathogenesis of DES. What is more, we reviewed literature to find similar cases reported in the past.
Eine gesunde Darmmikrobiota unterstützt die Barriere-Funktion der Mukosa
Authors: Hecht Angelika , Jaspers Elke 
Published: December 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Darmschleimhaut hat gegensätzlich erscheinende Aufgaben: Einerseits dient sie der Resorption von Nährstoffen, andererseits bildet sie gleichzeitig eine Barriere zwischen der Außenwelt und dem Körperinneren. Zur Dichtigkeit der Mukosa tragen eine unversehrte Mukusschicht auf dem Epithel, gut ernährte Epithelzellen mit intakten Tight Junctions und insbesondere eine gesunde Darmmikrobiota bei. Ist die Barriere geschädigt, steigt das Risiko für eine Silent Inflammation, die den ganzen Körper betrifft und für zahlreiche chronische Erkrankungen verantwortlich ist.
Bewegung in der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Korsten-Reck Ulrike , Friesenborg Hilke 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungBewegung in der Schwangerschaft wirkt sich positiv auf die Gesundheit der Frau und des Kindes aus. Es kommt zu einer geringeren Gewichtszunahme der Schwangeren, und das Risiko der damit einhergehenden Erkrankungen wie Schwangerschaftsdiabetes und Präeklampsie kann verringert werden. Nicht nur die Frau, sondern auch das ungeborene Kind erhalten durch einen gesunden Lebensstil (Bewegung und Ernährung) gesundheitliche Vorteile. Im Rahmen der perinatalen Programmierung werden vor und während der Schwangerschaft gesundheitsfördernde Grundsteine für das spätere Leben des Kindes gelegt. Übergewicht und Adipositas sowie die Begleiterkrankung Diabetes Typ 2 können mit einem bewussten Lebensstil vor und während der Schwangerschaft positiv beeinflusst werden. Somit bieten Lebensstilinterventionen bei Schwangeren und bei Frauen mit Kinderwunsch eine Maßnahme zur Übergewichtsprävention bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Grundsätzlich wird jeder Frau empfohlen, körperlich aktiv zu sein, solange keine absoluten Kontraindikatoren vorliegen. Es wird eine Kombination aus moderater und intensiver körperlicher Aktivität an mindestens drei Tagen in der Woche für 30 Minuten empfohlen. Zusätzlich sollten die großen Muskelgruppen an mindestens zwei Tagen in der Woche gekräftigt werden.
Effekte eines Trainings mit der Faszienrolle auf die Dehnfähigkeit
Authors: Gerster Christin , Heckel Alexandra , König Stefan 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungFaszientraining gilt zwischenzeitlich als ein zentrales Thema für Fitness, Prävention und Rehabilitation. Dies trifft im Besonderen auf die Beweglichkeit und ihr Training zu. Der Beitrag überprüft die Wirkungen eines Faszientrainings mit dem Foamroller auf die ischiocrurale Muskulatur.
INTERACTION OF CELLS WITH IMMUNE COMPLEXES: ADHERENCE, RELEASE OF CONSTITUENTS, AND TISSUE INJURY
Authors: Henson Peter M. 
Published: December 2019

Neutrophils are essential mediators of tissue damage in many forms of immune complex-induced injury. In vitro, they have been shown to release some of their content of injurious constituents upon reaction with immune complexes (Fig. 10). If the complexes are distributed along a nonphagocytosable surface, degranulation to the exterior of the cell is observed. When the complexes were phagocytized, however, degranulation into the phagocytic vacuole, and some loss of enzymes into the surrounding medium, occurred. This may have resulted from a momentary opening of the vacuole to allow ingestion of additional particles, as was demonstrated with the electron microscope. This phenomenon was particularly noticeable when the particles were relatively large. Far more immune complex is required to induce release when in a phagocytosable form than when on a nonphagocytosable membrane.
Neutrophils may be attracted to sites of immune complex deposition in many parts of the body (arteries, heart, skin, brain, kidney, joints) by complement-mediated processes. In some situations, e.g. in the joint fluid, they would encounter free immune complexes, phagocytose them, and release enzymes. In many others, in which immune complexes may be distributed along surfaces, such as in the glomerulus, adherence of neutrophils may also lead to release of injurious constituents (proteases, collagenase, elastase, permeability factors) capable of digesting and injuring the tissues.
MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE DEPOSITION OF IMMUNE COMPLEXES IN TISSUES
Authors: Cochrane Charles G. 
Published: December 2019

The mechanisms reponsible for the deposition of circulating immune complexes have been analyzed. An active process appears to be responsible in both a laboratory model in guinea pigs and in acute immune complex disease (serum sickness) in rabbits.
In rabbits, after the injection of antigen to induce serum sickness, immune complexes appear in the circulation. In addition, homocytotropic (IgE) antibody is formed which binds to the surface of basophils. Leukocyte suspensions containing these basophils, when combined with specific antigen, release a soluble factor that causes clumping of platelets and release of their vasoactive amines. An excellent correlation was found between the presence of this mechanism of release of vasoactive amine and the deposition of immune complexes in serum sickness of rabbits. Antagonists of vasoactive amines or depletion of platelets, the major circulating reservoir of these amines, suppressed the deposition of circulating immune complexes and inhibited glomerulitis and arteritis. Upon entering the walls of vessels, the complexes became lodged immune complexes, greater than 19S in size, were deposited along the membranes.
The data suggest that at a time when immune complexes appear in the circulation of an immunized rabbit, vasoactive amines are released from platelets in areas where turbulence of blood occurs. Sensitized basophils participate in the release of vasoactive amines from the platelets. The amines induced increased vascular permeability which leads to deposition of large complexes from the circulation in vessel walls by a process of filtration. The deposited complexes then induce inflammatory injury.
THE INFLUENCE OF CHOLINE, CYSTINE, AND OF α-TOCOPHEROL UPON THE OCCURRENCE OF CEROID PIGMENT IN DIETARY CIRRHOSIS OF RATS
Authors: Victor Joseph , Pappenheimer Alwin M. 
Published: December 2019

Page 377, 1st line, for 0.2 read 0.02.
Page 377, 3rd line, for 0.2 read 0.02.
Page 378, Table II, heading over first three columns, for 0.2 read 0.02.
Charge ordering in superconducting copper oxides
Authors: Frano Alex , Blanco-Canosa Santiago , Keimer Bernhard , Birgeneau Robert J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Charge order has recently been identified as a leading competitor of high-temperature superconductivity in moderately doped cuprates. We provide a survey of universal and materials-specific aspects of this phenomenon, with emphasis on results obtained by scattering methods. In particular, we discuss the structure, periodicity, and stability range of the charge-ordered state, its response to various external perturbations, the influence of disorder, the coexistence and competition with superconductivity, as well as collective charge dynamics. In the context of this journal issue which honors Roger Cowley’s legacy, we also discuss the connection of charge ordering with lattice vibrations and the central-peak phenomenon. We end the review with an outlook on research opportunities offered by new synthesis methods and experimental platforms, including cuprate thin films and superlattices.
Exploring bandgap generation mechanism of phonon crystal
Authors: Wang Chiming , Xiao Wangqiang , Wu Dehui , Lin Changming , Xiao Jingjing , Yao Kaihan , Luo Yuanyi , Xu Zhanhao , Zhang Kunpeng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, based on the theoretical research of structural modal analysis, different types of phonon crystal modal structures are designed for the first time, and the characteristics and the generation mechanism of the bandgap were studied through theoretical calculations and experiments. According to the phenomenon in the experimental results, we can find that the vibration transmission characteristics of phonon crystal structure α3 are the best, and it is also superior to that of phonon crystal structure α10 (full period structure). Therefore, the comparison of theoretical analysis with experimental phenomena shows that the bandgap generation mechanism should be modal resonance instead of local resonance in the finite periodic structure. The profound reason lies in there is no separate Z direction local vibration mode of periodic structure in the vibration mode of finite structure, and the bandgap of finite structure is the mode superposition torsional resonance mechanism between scatterer and substrate mode.
Efficient quantum transport in a multi-site system combining classical noise and quantum baths
Authors: Kurt Arzu , Rossi Matteo A C , Piilo Jyrki 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We study the population dynamics and quantum transport efficiency of a multi-site dissipative system driven by a random telegraph noise (RTN) by using a variational polaron master equation for both linear chain and ring configurations. By using two different environment descriptions—RTN only and a thermal bath+RTN—we show that the presence of the classical noise has a non-trivial role on quantum transport. We observe that there exist large areas of parameter space where the combined bath+RTN influence is clearly beneficial for populating the target state of the transport, and for average trapping time and transport efficiency when accounting for the presence of the reaction center via the use of the sink. This result holds for both of the considered intra-site coupling configurations including a chain and ring. In general, our formalism and achieved results provide a platform for engineering and characterizing efficient quantum transport in multi-site systems both for realistic environments and engineered systems.
The sandfish lizard’s aerodynamic filtering system
Authors: Stadler Anna T , Krieger Michael , Baumgartner Werner 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Particulate air pollution has an adverse effect on cardiovascular and respiratory health. Air filtration systems are therefore essential in closed indoor environments. While mechanical filtration is described as an efficient technology, particle filters may act as a source of pollution if not correctly installed and frequently maintained. The sandfish lizard, a sand swimmer that spends nearly its whole life in fine desert sand, inspired us to rethink traditional filtering systems due to its unique ability of filtering sand from its nasal cavity. During a slow, prolonged inhalation, strong cross-flow velocities develop in a certain region of the upper respiratory tract; these cross-flows enhance gravitational settling and force inhaled sand grains towards the wall where they adhere to mucus, which covers the walls in this region. During an intense, cough-like exhalation the particles are blasted out. In this work, the sandfish’s aerodynamic filtering system was analyzed experimentally and by computational fluid dynamics simulations to study the flow profile and particle trajectories. Based on these findings, we discuss the development of a biomimetic filtering system, which could have the following advantages: due to the absence of a membrane, total pressure losses can be reduced. The mucus-covered surface would be mimicked by a specifically treated surface to trap particulate matter. Also, the device would contain a self-cleaning mechanism that simulates the lizard’s exhalation. This biomimetic filtering system would therefore have an enhanced life-time and it would be low-maintenance and therefore economical and sustainable.
Synthesis, characterization and application of acrylate-based poly ionic liquid for corrosion protection of C1020 steel In hydrochloric acid solution
Authors: Gobara Mohamed , Saleh Ahmed , Naeem Ibrahim 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPoly ionic liquids (PIL) are eco-friendly in addition to being sustainable compounds that can be easily prepared and tailored according to the application. In this study, a novel PIL polymer based on acrylate was chemically synthesised via free radical polymerization method controlled by quenching the reversible reaction. The prepared 1-Butyl-3 Methylimidazolium Acrylate polymer (PAL) was characterised using FTIR as well as NMR to confirm the chemical structure. GPC was employed to determine the average molecular weight of the new polymer. PAL was applied as an effective corrosion inhibitor for C1020 steel in 1M HCl aqueous solution. Weight loss and electrochemical techniques, PDP and EIS, were applied to evaluate the corrosion inhibition performance. The electrochemical results showed that PAL acts as a mixed-type inhibitor reaches 91.8% at room temperature. The thermodynamic calculations showed that the adsorption process is exothermic. Furthermore, PAL molecules were adsorbed on the metal surface by both chemisorption and physisorption processes. SEM analysis was carried out to confirm the corrosion evaluation results. Also, quantum chemical calculations, at the B3LYP/DND level of theory, were carried out to correlate the electronic structure parameters of PAL inhibitor to its adsorption behaviour which in turn is relevant to the inhibition efficiency. Additionally, Monte Carlo simulation (MC) was conducted to investigate the adsorption modes and the interaction energies of the inhibitor on iron surface.
Comparing metal oxide thin films as transparent p-type conductive electrodes
Authors: Guillén C , Herrero J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The development of transparent and p-type conductive layers remains a challenge to achieve more efficient hole collection and to combine with the most common n-type counterparts into transparent p–n junctions. Here, several candidates based on abundant materials: Cu2O, NiO and SnO have been prepared, characterized and comparatively evaluated. Thin-film deposition methods (evaporation and sputtering) have been used along with thermal treatments (oxidation and sulfurization) to maximize the transmittance and conductivity for each material. The highest quality is achieved by Cux(S, O) layers prepared by sulfurization of Cu2O at 250 °C. Besides, the NiO films obtained by reactive sputtering at room temperature have a good quality to be applied on heat-sensitive substrates.
Enhanced photo catalytic activity of Ag2O nanostructures through strontium doping
Authors: Kiani Farwa Ahmad , Shamraiz Umair , Badshah Amin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNanoparticles of Ag2O and varying amounts of Sr-doped Ag2O synthesized by basic co-precipitation method were practiced for purging of relentless organic dyes, after characterizing them using Powdered x-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Photo catalytic degradation of cationic dyes such as methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB) and anionic dye methyl orange (MO) was carried out by utilizing photosensitive silver oxide nanoparticles functionalized with various concentrations of strontium under solar irradiation with the aid of UV–vis spectroscopy. Besides the rapid de colorization, Sr/Ag2O solar-driven photocatalysis was concurrently able to oxidize the dye, leading to approximate mineralization of carbon. It is proposed that prime oxidant in degradation of both kind of dyes is hydroxyl radical. Kinetic analysis reveals that photodegradation of cationic and anionic dyes follow pseudo-first order kinetics.