bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toughest job in the library
Authors: Gordon Ian D. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this article attempts to portray the unique and complex role of library middle managers. This important and influential position can be a proving ground for new and old managers as libraries continue to evolve, adjust policies, introduce new services and meet the needs of their users. Circulation managers as influential middle managers are realistically depicted as busy, overwhelmed and isolated, but welcome the opportunity to provide leadership and enhance their professional development.Design/methodology/approachThis viewpoint is solely based on the author's varied experiences and personal reflections as a circulation department head providing leadership alongside colleagues in a busy academic library.FindingsDepartment heads as managers of circulation departments are pivotal positions in every library. Circulation heads performing as middle managers are responsible for a full range of administrative, managerial and organizational services. Circulation heads are well positioned as change agents simultaneously directing frontline staff members, policies and services while providing valuable insight to library administration. Yet, circulation managers experiencing constantly evolving responsibilities, are too often found to be caught in the middle negotiating inconsistencies. Successful circulation managers require an eclectic mix of essential skills initiating and deploying change, defining success, dealing with people, actively participating in professional development and providing leadership.Research limitations/implicationsThe study and research of library middle managers in public and academic libraries is practically nonexistent. As libraries increasingly create, adjust and reinvent library services, spaces and visions due to increasing digitization, in response to emerging online environments and new service models – middle managers and circulation librarians are excellent and proven pivots to negotiate and successfully implement this change.Practical implicationsAs a crafted article written by a former head of a circulation department every staff member, student and librarian serving in access/borrowing/circulation departments should consult this article as required reading.Social implicationsThe voices of library middle managers are too often muted, not valued and rarely celebrated. This viewpoint article written in a conversational voice depicts circulation librarians as middle managers that bring value to all libraries and should be heard.Originality/valueThis paper depicts the opportunities and challenges faced by, as well as the skills and competencies required by librarians serving as circulation departments heads.
Foreign direct investment, financial development and economic prosperity in major south Asian economies
Authors: Sethi Narayan , Das Aurolipsa , Sahoo Malayaranjan , Mohanty Saileja , Bhujabal Padmaja 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis paper empirically examines the relationship between foreign direct investment, financial development and other macroeconomic variables like trade openness, domestic investment and labour force and that of GDP per capita in select South Asian countries, i.e. India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan for the period 1990–2018.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses various econometrics tools such as Pedroni, Kao and Johansen–Fisher panel cointegration test, Panel FMOLS and DOLS and Granger causality in order to analyse the long-run and short-run dynamics among the variables under consideration.FindingsThe results of the panel data estimation techniques employed imply that there is a short-run causality running from GDP per capita to FDI and financial development, and results from FMOLS and DOLS indicate that FDI and financial development have positive impacts on GDP per capita in the countries under consideration.Originality/valueIn this paper, we use a dynamic macroeconomic modelling framework to examine the effect of FDI and financial development on per capita income in three major south Asian economies, which are categorized as three Non-Least Developed Contracting States under the South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA), 2006, established with an aim to facilitate free trade among them. Considering the diversity of the level of growth experienced by these economies, the study uses appropriate panel regression techniques. Therefore, in addition to proper formulation of policies directed towards scaling up of export and import levels, the respective authorities should also take care that the political stability and institutional quality are maintained.
Between love and boycott: a story of dual origin brands
Authors: Abdelwahab Dalia , Jiménez Nadia , San-Martín Sonia , Prodanova Jana 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This research aims to address ethnocentric consumers’ willingness to boycott dual origin brands, in the particular case of national brands linked to a very specific regional origin, through analysing the paradox of (unfavourable) regional ethnocentrism versus (favourable) consumer–brand relationship (i.e. brand identification, trust and love) on consumers’ decision to buy or boycott those brands in that circumstances. Building on social identity and cognitive dissonance theories, this study aims to examine the Spanish consumer relationship with national brands originated in Catalonia considering the current conflicting circumstances in the region.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors collected data by means of personal questionnaires, distributed among 277 Spanish consumers of Catalan brands of Cava. The data is analysed by using structural equation modelling and linear structural relations.

Findings
After controlling for brand familiarity, the results of this study reveal that ethnocentrism negatively distorts consumers’ confidence in dual origin brands and highlight the role of identification and trust as brand love antecedents. It also reveals that ethnocentrism has a more profound impact on boycotting decision than brand love.

Originality/value
This study is one of the few to capture the puzzlement created by the paradoxical nature of the brand’s duality of origin. Furthermore, it contributes to the marketing literature by examining the impact of ethnocentrism on two relationship variables (i.e. identification and trust) and exploring their joint impact on consumers’ decision to buy or boycott. The findings of this study can be helpful for companies facing boycotting behaviour triggered by ethnocentric consumer reaction towards dual origin brands.
Role of defects in electron band structure and gas sensor response of La2CuO4
Authors: Roy Chinmay , Ghosh Aparna , Chatterjee Suman 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to estimate the relationship between defect structure with gas concentration for use as a gas sensor. The change in defect concentration caused a shift in the Fermi level, which in turn changed the surface potential, which is manifested as the potentiometric response of the sensing element.

Design/methodology/approach
A new theoretical concept based on defect chemistry and band structure was used to explain the experimental gas response of a sensor. The theoretically simulated response was compared with experimental results.

Findings
Understanding the origin of potentiometric response, through the generation of defects and a corresponding shift in Fermi level of sensing surface, by the adsorption of gas. Through this understanding, the design of a sensor with improved selectivity and stability to a gas can be achieved by the study of defect structure and subsequent band analysis.

Research limitations/implications
This paper provides information about various types of surface defects and numerical simulation of material with defect structure. The Fermi energy of the simulated value is correlated with the potentiometric sensor response.

Practical implications
Gas sensors are an integral part of vehicular and industrial pollution control. The theory developed shows the origin of response which can help in identifying the best sensing material and its optimum temperature of operation.

Social implications
Low-cost, reliable and highly sensitive gas sensors are highly demanded which is fulfilled by potentiometric sensors.

Originality/value
The operating principle of potentiometric sensors is analyzed through electron band structure analysis. With the change in measured gas concentration, the oxygen partial pressure changes. This results in a change in defect concentration in the sensing surface. Band structure analysis shows that change in defect concentration is associated with a shift in Fermi level. This is the origin of the potentiometric response.
Metabolomics reveal dynamic changes in eicosanoid profile in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Zhang Liuyang , Dai Zhi , Guo Ruifeng , Wang Xiao , Gong Wei , Duan Juanhui , He Zhiqing , Ding Ru , Zhang Xu , Nie Shaoping , Liang Chun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEicosanoids play important roles in the cardiovascular system. The metabolic disorders involving some eicosanoids in the pathophysiologic process include myocardial infarction and myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is often the first‐choice strategy for acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) according to current guidelines. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic eicosanoid metabolic profile in STEMI patients after PCI. The eicosanoid profiles in plasma of 20 patients at seven times (30 minutes before surgery; 6, 12, 24, and 72 hours after surgery; 1 day before discharge; and 28 days after surgery) were studied by using metabolomics. Levels of PGE2, PGD2, and TXA2 were decreased significantly and EETs contents were increased significantly at 6 hours after PCI. EETs were hydrolysed to DHETs within a short time after surgery (12–72 hours). 20‐HETE content was significantly increased. In samples taken at the time of discharge and at follow‐up after discharge, LTB4 level continued to increase. This work suggests that change in content of some functional eicosanoids may be involved in cardiac injury and repair after PCI in a synergistic manner.
Bank Business Model Migrations in Europe: Determinants and Effects
Authors: Ayadi Rym , Bongini Paola , Casu Barbara , Cucinelli Doriana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn response to post‐crisis regulatory reforms, the European banking sector has undergone significant changes that have led banks to reconsider their strategies, structures and operations. Based on a sample of over 3,000 banks from 32 European countries during the period 2010–2017, we identify banks' business models based on cluster analysis and track their evolution. We then apply a logistic regression and find that banks with higher risk and lower profitability are more likely to change their business model. Employing a propensity score matching approach, we investigate the effect of migration on bank performance and find that changing the business model affects banks positively (i.e. migrating banks increase their profitability, stability and cost efficiency). The effect of migration differs depending on the target business model. When switches are a consequence of being acquired or motivated by regulatory compliance, the positive impact remains.
Outcome of collaborative emergency exercises: Differences between full‐scale and tabletop exercises
Authors: Roud Ensieh , Gausdal Anne Haugen , Asgary Ali , Carlström Eric 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe degree to which exercises improve the collaboration among different organizations during an emergency is under debate. This study aims to contribute to the scarce research on this topic by giving insight into the perceived effects of exercises on collaboration, learning, usefulness and interorganizational trust. In particular, this quantitative study looked into the differences between the effects of tabletop and full‐scale exercises. A questionnaire assessing collaboration, learning, usefulness and trust—the CLUT instrument—was developed. Data were collected from 173 full‐time emergency management personnel in Norway and Canada. Usefulness, learning and collaboration outcomes were perceived to be high for both types of exercises, but full‐scale exercises were perceived to have greater learning and usefulness outcomes than tabletop exercises. Stronger relationships were identified between the perceived effects on learning and usefulness, collaboration and trust in tabletop compared to full‐scale exercise, whereas the relationship between the perceived effects upon collaboration and trust was stronger in full‐scale exercises. Multiple regression analysis showed that the variables used to measure exercise usefulness can better predict tabletop exercise outcomes.
Comparison of perinatal outcomes for all modes of second stage delivery in obstetric theatres: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Gurney L , Al Wattar BH , Sher A , Echevarria C , Simpson H 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo compare rates of vaginal delivery and adverse outcomes of instrumental delivery trials in obstetric theatre compared to primary emergency full dilation caesarean section.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.PopulationWomen with singleton, non‐anomalous, pregnancy undergoing instrumental delivery trial in obstetric theatre.MethodsData were collected from consecutive cases during 2014 until 2018 using clinical records. Multivariate regression analysis was used comparing outcomes per first delivery method.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcome was completion of vaginal delivery between all methods of instrumental delivery. Secondary outcome was a composite of immediate perinatal adverse outcomes for instrumental delivery modes and primary full dilation caesarean section.ResultsFrom 971 deliveries analysed: ventouse delivery was significantly less likely to achieve vaginal delivery compared with Keilland’s forceps delivery (odds ratio [OR] 0.42, 95% CI 0.22–0.79). Once confounding factors were adjusted for, adverse outcome rates were less frequent in the Keilland’s forceps group than with primary full dilation caesarean section (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.16–0.81); however, the receiver operating characteristic curve produced from this model demonstrated a low predictive value (AUC 0.64).ConclusionsAttempting instrumental delivery in delivery suite theatre, as an alternative to primary emergency full dilation caesarean section, is both reasonable and safe. In this study, ventouse delivery performed poorly in comparison with other modes of instrumental delivery. Further research in the form of randomised controlled trials to identify the optimal mode of second stage delivery is paramount.Tweetable abstractInstrumental delivery trials in theatre are safe but use of ventouse was associated with a higher rate of failure.
Thymoma‐associated myasthenia gravis: Clinical features and predictive value of antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies in the risk of recurrence of thymoma
Authors: De Rosa Anna , Fornili Marco , Maestri Tassoni Michelangelo , Guida Melania , Baglietto Laura , Petrucci Loredana , Chella Antonio , Melfi Franca , Lucchi Marco , Ricciardi Roberta 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThymoma‐associated myasthenia gravis (TAMG) is one of the subtypes of myasthenia gravis with autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR‐Ab). We analyzed the clinical features of our cohort of TAMG patients and the changes in AChR‐Ab titer before and after thymectomy in order to identify factors predicting thymoma relapses.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed: age of MG onset, MG clinical status according to MGFA (Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America), epoch of thymectomy, post‐thymectomy status, oncological features and surgical approach. AChR‐Ab dosages were measured both before and after thymectomy. Linear regression models were applied to identify clinical determinants of AChR‐Ab titers and the Cox regression model was fitted to estimate the factors associated with the risk of thymoma recurrence.ResultsThe study sample included 239 MG patients, 27 of whom experienced one or more recurrences (median follow‐up time: 4.8 years). The AChR‐Ab titers decreased after first thymectomy (P < 0.001); the decrease was more pronounced in female patients (P = 0.05), in patients diagnosed with MG at an older age (P = 0.003), and in those who had lower MG stage before surgery (P = 0.02) or higher Masaoka‐Koga stage (P = 0.005). The risk of relapse was closely linked with the age of the patient, the Masaoka‐Koga stage and the surgical approach.ConclusionsPresurgery levels of AChR‐Ab or their change after surgery were not associated with thymoma recurrence. The reduction of AChR‐Ab titers after thymectomy confirms an immunological role of thymoma in the pathogenesis of MG.Key points
Significant findings of the study: Young MG patients with an advanced Masaoka staging score of the primary tumor who underwent thymectomy with approaches different from sternotomy and VATS should be monitored for high risk of recurrence.
What this study adds: No other study has ever investigated the changes in AChR‐Ab titers before and after thymectomy in a large cohort of TAMG patients. The reduction of AChR‐Ab titers after thymectomy suggests an immunological role of thymoma in the pathogenesis of MG.
Optimizing care for younger women with hormone receptor‐positive, HER2‐negative metastatic breast cancer
Authors: de Boer Richard , Hui Rina , Lim Elgene , Yeo Belinda , Zdenkowski Nicholas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTreatment strategies for hormone receptor‐positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐negative (HER2–) metastatic breast cancer in young women (<40 years at diagnosis) have traditionally been extrapolated from data obtained from trials conducted either exclusively or predominantly in the postmenopausal setting. These young patients are usually treated with ovarian function suppression (OFS) + endocrine therapy (ET) ± targeted therapy, except if there is a concern about endocrine resistance or a need to gain rapid disease control due to the onset of visceral crisis. This review examines evidence that supports the use of a cyclin‐dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, in combination with OFS and ET, when treating premenopausal or perimenopausal women with HR+/HER2–metastatic breast cancer. This includes data from the MONALEESA‐7 study (treating only premenopausal/perimenopausal women in the first‐line setting), and the results of subgroup analyses from the PALOMA‐3 and MONARCH‐2 trials. We also consider a number of age‐specific challenges that younger breast cancer patients can face, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to ongoing care.
The use of intravenous lidocaine for postoperative pain and recovery: international consensus statement on efficacy and safety
Authors: Foo I. , Macfarlane A. J. R. , Srivastava D. , Bhaskar A. , Barker H. , Knaggs R. , Eipe N. , Smith A. F. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIntravenous lidocaine is used widely for its effect on postoperative pain and recovery but it can be, and has been, fatal when used inappropriately and incorrectly. The risk‐benefit ratio of i.v. lidocaine varies with type of surgery and with patient factors such as comorbidity (including pre‐existing chronic pain). This consensus statement aims to address three questions. First, does i.v. lidocaine effectively reduce postoperative pain and facilitate recovery? Second, is i.v. lidocaine safe? Third, does the fact that i.v. lidocaine is not licensed for this indication affect its use? We suggest that i.v. lidocaine should be regarded as a ‘high‐risk’ medicine. Individual anaesthetists may feel that, in selected patients, i.v. lidocaine may be beneficial as part of a multimodal peri‐operative pain management strategy. This approach should be approved by hospital medication governance systems, and the individual clinical decision should be made with properly informed consent from the patient concerned. If i.v. lidocaine is used, we recommend an initial dose of no more than 1.5 mg.kg‐1, calculated using the patient’s ideal body weight and given as an infusion over 10 min. Thereafter, an infusion of no more than 1.5 mg.kg‐1.h‐1 for no longer than 24 h is recommended, subject to review and re‐assessment. Intravenous lidocaine should not be used at the same time as, or within the period of action of, other local anaesthetic interventions. This includes not starting i.v. lidocaine within 4 h after any nerve block, and not performing any nerve block until 4 h after discontinuing an i.v. lidocaine infusion.
Decision‐making around admission to intensive care in the UK pre‐COVID‐19: a multicentre ethnographic study
Authors: Griffiths F. , Svantesson M. , Bassford C. , Dale J. , Blake C. , McCreedy A. , Slowther A‐M. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryPredicting who will benefit from admission to an intensive care unit is not straightforward and admission processes vary. Our aim was to understand how decisions to admit or not are made. We observed 55 decision‐making events in six NHS hospitals. We interviewed 30 referring and 43 intensive care doctors about these events. We describe the nature and context of the decision‐making and analysed how doctors make intensive care admission decisions. Such decisions are complex with intrinsic uncertainty, often urgent and made with incomplete information. While doctors aspire to make patient‐centred decisions, key challenges include: being overworked with lack of time; limited support from senior staff; and a lack of adequate staffing in other parts of the hospital that may be compromising patient safety. To reduce decision complexity, heuristic rules based on experience are often used to help think through the problem; for example, the patient’s functional status or clinical gestalt. The intensive care doctors actively managed relationships with referring doctors; acted as the hospital generalist for acutely ill patients; and brought calm to crisis situations. However, they frequently failed to elicit values and preferences from patients or family members. They were rarely explicit in balancing burdens and benefits of intensive care for patients, so consistency and equity cannot be judged. The use of a framework for intensive care admission decisions that reminds doctors to seek patient or family views and encourages explicit balancing of burdens and benefits could improve decision‐making. However, a supportive, adequately resourced context is also needed.
From Disruption to Transformation: Politicisation at a Distance from the State
Authors: Swyngedouw Erik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this afterword to the symposium on processes of politicisation of activist struggles of undocumented migrants and their allies, I first briefly outline a number of key commonalities that run through the symposium. I subsequently explore some of the wider theoretical and practical lessons to be drawn from the arguments advanced in its papers, and suggest a number of key themes and concerns to be explored further. In particular, this afterword suggests some possible avenues to both think through the limits of and tensions within forms of undocumented migrant activism, and chart theoretical and practical trajectories to move from the limitations of “the political event” to the possibilities of “a political sequence” that may actually change the instituted order.