bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinative Energy Dissipation in Liquid Metal Polymer Composites for Advanced Electronic Applications
Authors: Xin Yumeng , Zhang Shiliang , Lou Yang , Xu Jun , Zhang Jiuyang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAttributed by the unique mechanical and electrical properties, functional blends of liquid metals (LMs) and polymers have received lots of attention. The deformation of LM‐polymer materials under extreme force to create electrical conductivity has built many electronic applications. However, the fundamental understanding of the relationship among polymer networks, LM deformation, and electrical conductivity remains too opaque to have a general principle for further advanced LM‐polymer electronics. This work discovered that the energy dissipation of polymer matrix plays a determinative role in controlling the electrical behaviors of LM‐polymers. The relationship among polymer network, deformation, and external pressure is investigated to design many unique electronic applications not shown in prevalent LM elastomers. The human pressure successfully disrupts high energy dissipated (HED) polymer networks and cracks LM fillers to provide anisotropic conductivity along pressure direction while insulated in planar directions. Meanwhile, under flexural forces, the HED LM‐polymer film can be also conductive along the maximum curvature of films but insulated in intact areas. Different folded and printed circuits are customized and prepared from the HED LM‐polymers. In addition, a new generation of anisotropic electrical adhesives is successfully fabricated from HED LM‐polymer resins, which shows advantages over current commercially available products.
Synthesis of Pyrido[2,3‐b]indole Derivatives via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Indoles and 1‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles
Authors: Duan Shengguo , An Yuehui , Xue Bing , Chen Yidian , Zhang Wan , Xu Ze‐Feng , Li Chuan‐Ying 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAcyloxy‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated imines generated in situ from triazoles can act as aza‐[4 C] synthons and be trapped by indoles in a stepwise [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction, thus providing rapid access to valuable pyrido[2,3‐b]indoles in high yields. Attractive features of this reaction system include operational simplicity, readily available substrates, construction of sterically demanding quaternary centers, and convenient derivatization using triflate.magnified image
Accounting for language background differences in the Australian National Assessments – Literacy and Numeracy
Authors: Marks Gary N. , Phillips Bruce 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study examines language background differences in the Australian National Assessments – Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN), and the extent that language background differences are accounted for by socioeconomic background, schools and contemporary influences. There are sizable, sometimes very large, differences in performance by language background. Students with Eastern and Southern Asian language backgrounds exhibited high, sometimes very high, mean scores, whereas students with African, Central Asian and Pacific language backgrounds had relatively low mean scores. Language background differences tended to be larger for numeracy than for reading. Parental occupation and education accounted for some of the effects of language background for some groups, but not for Asian groups. Generally, language background effects cannot be attributed to the unequal distribution of language background groups across schools. When considering students' prior achievement, most language background effects, including all language backgrounds with strong negative effects, were reduced substantially often to statistical insignificance. The exceptions are Chinese and other East Asian and Southern Asian language backgrounds.
Totalsynthese des cyclischen Depsipeptids Vioprolid D über sein (Z)‐Diastereomer
Authors: Grab Hanusch A. , Kirsch Volker C. , Sieber Stephan A. , Bach Thorsten 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDie erste Totalsynthese von Vioprolid D wurde ausgehend von (2S)‐3‐Benzyloxy‐2‐hydroxypropansäuremethylester in einer Gesamtausbeute von 2.0 % erreicht (16 Stufen in der längsten linearen Sequenz). Das cyclische Depsipeptid wurde aus zwei Bausteinen von ähnlicher Größe und Komplexität in einem modularen, hoch konvergenten Ansatz zusammengesetzt. Die Bildung einer Peptidbindung an der C‐terminalen Dehydrobutyrin‐Aminosäure des nördlichen Fragments war über sein (Z)‐Diastereomer möglich. Nach der Makrolactamisierung und der Bildung des Thiazolinrings wurde die (Z)‐Doppelbindung der Dehydrobutyrin‐Einheit zur (E)‐Doppelbindung des Naturstoffs isomerisiert. Die Cytotoxizität von Vioprolid D ist signifikant höher als die seines (Z)‐Diastereomers.
Decrosslinking of zinc diacrylate‐cured epoxidized natural rubber via selective cleavage of carbon–oxygen bond
Authors: Lin Tengfei , Ke Jinhuang , Wang Jinyun , Lin Cong , Wu Xiao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe decrosslinking for zinc diacrylate (ZDA)‐cured epoxidized natural rubber is successfully achieved by using the AlCl3/toluene as the decrosslinking system. The decrosslinking mechanism via selective cleavage of CO bonds of the crosslinks is revealed. Furthermore, the characterizations on the model compounds demonstrate that the cleavage of CO bonds can only occur in the ether groups, which the oxygen atoms are adjacent to the tertiary carbons. More importantly, the reclaimed rubber which possessed excellent elasticity can be recompounded and recured. The revulcanized rubber exhibits good mechanical property. This study provides a unique insight into efficient decrosslinking and recycling diene‐based rubber.
Helium abundance (and H0) in X‐COP galaxy clusters
Authors: Ettori Stefano , Ghirardini Vittorio , Eckert Dominique 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe present the constraints on the helium abundance in 12 X‐ray‐luminous galaxy clusters that have been mapped in their X‐ray and Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) signals out toR200for theXMM‐NewtonCluster Outskirts Project (X‐COP). The unprecedented precision available for the estimate ofH0allows us to investigate how much the reconstructed X‐ray and SZ signals are consistent with the expected ratioxbetween helium and proton densities of 0.08–0.1. We find that anH0around 70 km s– 1Mpc– 1is preferred from our measurements, with lower values ofH0as suggested from the Planck collaboration (67 km s– 1Mpc– 1), requiring a 34% higher value ofx. On the other hand, higher values ofH0, as obtained by measurements in the local universe, impose anx, from the primordial nucleosynthesis calculations and current solar abundances, reduced by 37–44%.
Understanding the Proposed Revisions to the Lead and Copper Rule
Authors: Estes‐Smargiassi Stephen , Cornwell David , Slabaugh Rebecca , Via Steve 
Published: March 2020

Key TakeawaysIn November 2019, the USEPA published the revisions to the Lead and Copper Rule with seemingly small changes that could have significant implications.The proposed revisions will require water systems to immediately prepare a lead service line (LSL) inventory and an LSL replacement plan.The proposal would expand the current public education requirements to include sampling for lead at schools and childcare facilities.The proposal would require Tier 1 notification of lead action level exceedances; it also would require active outreach to customers when lead service lines are replaced.
Black‐box kinetic modeling of growth and citric acid production and estimation of ATP maintenance parameters forCandida oleophilaATCC20177
Authors: Tanıl Ezgi , Nikerel Emrah 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMathematical modeling represents and predicts biological systems, explains underlying mechanisms, constituting one of the key focus points for fundamental and applied research to improve our understanding and to decrease costs. Organic acids are used in several industries such as monomers for bioplastics, food preservatives and additives, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. Nonpetrochemical, sustainable production of organic acids is therefore of great interest. An important step in production of organic acids is the determination of growth and acid production dynamics, as the product itself may have direct and indirect inhibitory effects on the host's metabolism. The aim of this study it twofold: (i) to determine the parameters related to energetics of growth and production as growth () and nongrowth associated (mATP) maintenance constants and (ii) to set up and analyze an unstructured, black‐box kinetic model to describe the dynamics of the growth and production of citric acid byCandida oleophilaATCC20177 using published batch fermentation data.andmATPwere found to be 2.3 ± 1.7 and 5.25 ± 2.75, respectively, for the published P/O ratio of 1.45. The parameter sensitivities and correlations are determined using the Monte Carlo approach, and the final model is tested using chemostat data.
Development of an educational tool aimed at designing ideal chemical reactors
Authors: Sawaki Rafaela V. , Tannous Katia , Filho João B. F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis project aims at developing an educational tool, named REAJA, for simulating ideal chemical reactors according to the continuous stirred‐tank reactor, plug flow reactor, and batch reactors. The software was developed using the Python programming language, following the Agile methodology and test‐driven development. It has a main interface that introduces the objective and its functionalities through the images, texts, and buttons for three reactor modules: isothermic, adiabatic, and with the thermal exchange. Initial concentration, equilibrium constant, and reaction rate constant can also be calculated by specific modules. We present the results in a separate screen containing comparative graphs of concentration, temperature, and conversion, allowing the user to choose the best option among the simulated reactors. The software Aspen Plus and Excel/Runge–Kutta fourth‐order method was applied to verification testing with REAJA obtaining <5% and 10–90%, respectively. The last case could be justified by the simplifications made for educational purposes. Finally, the software was applied at the minicourse of the 21st week of Chemical Engineering of UNICAMP and in the undergraduate course of Topics in Chemical Processes with problem‐based learning methodology. We use a questionnaire to validate the usefulness of our software, which results are promising and indicate the success of our educational tool as a complement in the classroom since it facilitated the understanding of contents related to kinetics, thermodynamics, and chemical reactors.
A Systematic Review of Instruments used to Assess Nonverbal Emotional Signs in Children during an Investigative Interview for Suspected Sexual Abuse
Authors: van Ham Kirsten , Hoytema van Konijnenburg Eva M. M. , Brilleslijper‐Kater Sonja N. , Schepers Amber , Daams Joost G. , Teeuw Arianne H. , van Rijn Rick R. , van der Lee Johanna H. 
Published: March 2020

Sexually abused young people often display few or no physical symptoms, and delay of verbal disclosure is common. Based on previous research, we assume that sexually abused children and adolescents may display nonverbal emotional signs, which can be assessed during an investigative interview for suspected child sexual abuse (CSA). We aim to present an overview of reported instruments for the assessment of children's and adolescents' nonverbal emotional signs by medical, psychological and forensic professionals during an investigative interview for suspected CSA. Structured search strategies were developed for MEDLINE (OvidSP), Embase (OvidSP) and PsychINFO (OvidSP). Two reviewers independently performed study selection and data extraction. The search yielded 6711 studies, of which nine were included. All included studies had different study aims and reported a variety of purposes for the assessment of nonverbal emotional signs. Eight different, newly developed instruments were used. Although all studies reported the measurement properties of the instruments, insufficient information was provided for analysis of their reliability and validity. This indicates the need for one reliable, validated instrument for the assessment of nonverbal emotional signs. Standardised, generally approved methods to collect uniform and comparable information during the investigative interview for suspected CSA are essential to enhance the knowledge base in this field.‘An overview of reported instruments for the assessment of children's and adolescents' nonverbal emotional signs… during an investigative interview for suspected CSA’Key Practitioner Messages

The evidence base in the field of suspected CSA would be improved if professionals worldwide used standardised and generally approved methods for the collection of uniform, comparable information.
Further research is required to explore the additional value of the assessment of nonverbal emotional signs in children and adolescents during the investigative interview for suspected CSA.
To warrant the sustainable and harmonised collection of relevant nonverbal emotional signs, a valid and reliable assessment instrument needs to be developed.
Anti‐interleukin‐5‐neutralizing antibody attenuates caradiac injury and cadiac dysfunction by aggravating the inflammatory response in doxorubicin‐treated mice
Authors: Xiao Dan , Zhan Yingying , Yang Zicong , Fan Cao , Liu Ling , Lin Yingzhong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that interleukins (ILs) are closely associated with doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced cardiac injury. IL‐5 is an important member of the IL family, and this study was performed to investigate whether IL‐5 affects DOX‐induced cardiac injury and its underlying mechanisms. The cardiac IL‐5 expression was first detected and the results showed that cardiac IL‐5 levels were significantly lower in DOX‐treated mice, and IL‐5 was mainly derived from cardiac macrophage (Mø). In addition, some DOX‐treated mice received an injection of anti‐IL‐5‐neutralizing antibody (nAb), and we found that treatment with a mouse anti‐IL‐5 nAb significantly upregulated the levels of myocardial injury markers, aggravated cardiac dysfunction, increased M1 macrophage (Mø1) and decreased M2 macrophage (Mø2) differentiation, and promoted apoptotic marker expression. Furthermore, the effect of mouse IL‐5 nAb on DOX‐induced Mø differentiation and its role on mouse cardiomyocyte (MCM) cells apoptosis were detected in vitro, and the results exhibited that mouse IL‐5 nAb promoted Mø1 differentiation but inhibited Mø2 differentiation in vitro and alleviated apoptosis in MCM cells. Our results found a mouse anti‐IL‐5 nAb‐aggravated DOX‐induced cardiac injury and dysfunction by alleviating the inflammatory response and myocardial cell apoptosis.
Dynamic Coordination Chemistry of Fluorinated Zr‐MOFs: Synthetic Control and Reassembly/Disassembly Beyond de Novo Synthesis to Tune the Structure and Property
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Xia , Fan Yan‐Zhong , Cao Chen‐Chen , Wang Hai‐Ping , Fan Ya‐Nan , Jiang Ji‐Jun , Wei Zhang‐Wen , Maurin Guillaume , Su Cheng‐Yong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKnown for excellent stability, porosity and functionality, the high‐valent Zr4+ metal–organic frameworks (Zr‐MOFs) still meets synthetic challenge in modulating the strength of Zr‐Ocarboxylate linkage. Herein we explore the unusual coordination dynamics of fluorinated Zr‐MOFs by designing two trifluoromethyl modified ligands with distinct geometry preference to form a family of thermodynamic and kinetic products. The low‐connecting kinetic Zr‐MOFs possess substitutable coordination sites to endow Zr6‐cluster with extra dynamic behaviors, thus opening a post‐synthetic pathway to sequential reassembly/disassembly processes. Comprehensive factors, including ligand geometry, Zr6‐cluster connectivity, acid modulator and reaction temperature/concentration, have been studied for controllable syntheses. The stability, hydrophobicity and gas adsorption/separation properties of obtained Zr‐MOFs are explored. This work sheds light on the understanding of the dynamic coordination chemistry of Zr‐MOFs beyond strong Zr−O bond, which poses a versatile platform for modification and functionalization of Zr‐MOFs.
Stereochemical revision of xylogranatin F by GIAO and DU8+ NMR calculations
Authors: Liu Yannan , Holt Tina A. , Kutateladze Andrei , Newhouse Timothy R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis manuscript describes predicted NMR shifts for the limonoid natural product xylogranatin F. The 1H and 13C NMR shifts of four diastereomers were evaluated by GIAO and hybrid DFT/parametric DU8+ methods. The results of the 1H and 13C NMR calculations for both the GIAO method and the DU8+ calculations suggest the revised structure that was recently reassigned by chemical synthesis. Furthermore, we show that while DU8+ provides superior accuracy with less computation time, GIAO points to the correct structure with more distinguishable data in this case study.
Pelvic fractures and changes in bone mineral density after radiotherapy for cervical, endometrial, and vaginal cancer: A prospective study of 239 women
Authors: Salcedo Mila P. , Sood Anil K. , Jhingran Anuja , Eifel Patricia J. , Klopp Ann H. , Iyer Revathy B. , Fellman Bryan M. , Jimenez Camilo , Schmeler Kathleen M. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundAdvances in radiotherapy (RT) have led to improved oncologic outcomes for women with gynecologic cancers; however, the long‐term effects and survivorship implications need further evaluation. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of pelvic fractures and changes in bone mineral density (BMD) after pelvic RT.MethodsTwo hundred thirty‐nine women who had pelvic RT for cervical, endometrial, or vaginal cancer between 2008 and 2015 were prospectively studied. BMD scans and biomarkers of bone turnover were obtained at the baseline and 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years after RT. Imaging studies were assessed for pelvic fractures for up to 5 years. Patients with osteopenia, osteoporosis, or pelvic fractures at any point were referred to the endocrinology service for evaluation and treatment.ResultsThe median age at diagnosis was 51 years; 132 patients (56%) were menopausal. The primary diagnoses were cervical (63.6%), endometrial (30.5%), and vaginal cancer (5.9%). Sixteen patients (7.8%; 95% confidence interval, 4.5%‐12.4%) had pelvic fractures with actuarial rates of 3.6%, 12.7%, and 15.7% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Fractures were associated with baseline osteoporosis (P < .001), higher baseline bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (P < .001), and older age (P = .007). The proportion of patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis increased from 50% at the baseline to 58%, 59%, and 70% at 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years, respectively.ConclusionsA high proportion of women had significant decreases in BMD after pelvic RT, with 7.8% diagnosed with a pelvic fracture. BMD screening and pharmacologic intervention should be strongly considered for these high‐risk women.
Integration of Self‐Luminescence and Oxygen Self‐Supply: A Potential Photodynamic Therapy Strategy for Deep Tumor Treatment
Authors: Jiang Linye , Liu Libing , Lv Fengting , Wang Shu , Ren Xueqin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT), as an emerging clinical approach, has been exploited for the treatment of various diseases including cancer for several years. Excitation light and molecular oxygen are the key parameters that restrict the efficacy of PDT due to the restricted penetration depth of light and the hypoxic microenvironment of tumors, which will lead to ineffective therapeutic response. In recent years, a number of studies were focused on tackling these challenges and showed great potential in improving the efficacy of PDT to some degree. Herein, we summarize the advancements in newly developed PDT strategies based on diverse nanocomposites, especially in the aspects of the types of light source and the ways to supply oxygen. Finally, new challenges and possible opportunities for further research are also discussed.
Metacommunity Structure of Stream Insects across Three Hierarchical Spatial scales
Authors: He Siwen , Soininen Janne , Deng Guiping , Wang Beixin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA major challenge in community ecology is to understand the underlying factors driving metacommunity (i.e., a set of local communities connected through species dispersal) dynamics. However, little is known about the effects of varying spatial scale on the relative importance of environmental and spatial (i.e., dispersal related) factors in shaping metacommunities and on the relevance of different dispersal pathways. Using a hierarchy of insect metacommunities at three spatial scales (a small, within‐stream scale, intermediate, among‐stream scale, and large, among‐sub‐basin scale), we assessed whether the relative importance of environmental and spatial factors shaping metacommunity structure varies predictably across spatial scales, and tested how the importance of different dispersal routes vary across spatial scales. We also studied if different dispersal ability groups differ in the balance between environmental and spatial control. Variation partitioning showed that environmental factors relative to spatial factors were more important for community composition at the within‐stream scale. In contrast, spatial factors (i.e., eigenvectors from Moran's eigenvector maps) relative to environmental factors were more important at the among‐sub‐basin scale. These results indicate that environmental filtering is likely to be more important at the smallest scale with highest connectivity, while dispersal limitation seems to be more important at the largest scale with lowest connectivity. Community variation at the among‐stream and among‐sub‐basin scales were strongly explained by geographical and topographical distances, indicating that overland pathways might be the main dispersal route at the larger scales among more isolated sites. The relative effect of environmental and spatial factors on insect communities varied between low and high dispersal ability groups; this variation was inconsistent among three hierarchical scales. In sum, our study indicates that spatial scale, connectivity, and dispersal ability jointly shape stream metacommunities.