bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal lobe epilepsy surgery in children and adults: A multicenter study
Authors: Barba Carmen , Cossu Massimo , Guerrini Renzo , Di Gennaro Giancarlo , Villani Flavio , De Palma Luca , Grisotto Laura , Consales Alessandro , Battaglia Domenica , Zamponi Nelia , d’Orio Piergiorgio , Revay Martina , Rizzi Michele , Casciato Sara , Esposito Vincenzo , Quarato Pier Paolo , Di Giacomo Roberta , Didato Giuseppe , Pastori Chiara , Pavia Giusy Carfi , Pellacani Simona , Matta Giulia , Pacetti Mattia , Tamburrini Gianpiero , Cesaroni Elisabetta , Colicchio Gabriella , Vatti Giampaolo , Asioli Sofia , Caulo Massimo ,   TLE Study Group, Marras Carlo Efisio , Tassi Laura 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess seizure and cognitive outcomes and their predictors in children (<16 years at surgery) and adults undergoing temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery in eight Italian centers.MethodsThis is a retrospective multicenter study. We performed a descriptive analysis and subsequently carried out multivariable mixed‐effect models corrected for multiple comparisons.ResultsWe analyzed data from 511 patients (114 children) and observed significant differences in several clinical features between adults and children. The possibility of achieving Engel class IA outcome and discontinuing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) at last follow‐up (FU) was significantly higher in children (P = .006 and < .0001). However, percentages of children and adults in Engel class I at last FU (mean ± SD, 45.9 ± 17 months in children; 45.9 ± 20.6 months in adults) did not differ significantly. We identified different predictors of seizure outcome in children vs adults and at short‐ vs long‐term FU. The only variables consistently associated with class I outcome over time were postoperative electroencephalography (EEG) in adults (abnormal, improved,odds ratio [OR] = 0.414, P = .023, Q = 0.046 vs normal, at 2‐year FU and abnormal, improved, OR = 0.301, P = .001, Q = 0.002 vs normal, at last FU) and the completeness of resection of temporal magnetic resonance (MR) abnormalities other than hippocampal sclerosis in children (OR = 7.93, P = .001, Q = 0.003, at 2‐year FU and OR = 45.03, P < .0001, Q < 0.0001, at last FU). Cognitive outcome was best predicted by preoperative performances in either age group.SignificanceClinical differences between adult and pediatric patients undergoing TLE surgery are reflected in differences in long‐term outcomes and predictors of failures. Children are more likely to achieve sustained seizure freedom and withdraw AEDs after TLE surgery. Earlier referral should be encouraged as it can improve surgical outcome.
Quantitative ion determination in eccrine sweat gland cells correlates to sweat reduction of antiperspirant actives
Authors: Welzel J. , Grüdl S. , Welss T. , Claas M. , Sättler A. , Förster T. , Banowski B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveAxillary wetness represents an unwanted effect of the physiologically vital sweating mechanism, especially when it becomes excessive. Cosmetic products reducing sweat secretion rely on aluminium salts as the active ingredient acting by physically blocking the sweat gland. Driven by the interest to better understand the sweat mechanism and to develop alternative technologies against excessive sweating a search for an effective testing approach started as up to now, cost‐ and time‐consuming in vivo studies represent the standard procedure for testing and identifying these alternatives.Material and methodsThe herein described in vitro test system is based on the measurement of intracellular changes of the ion equilibrium in cultured eccrine sweat gland cells. Subsequently, in vivo studies on the back of volunteers were conducted to verify the sweat‐reducing effect of in vitro newly discovered substance.ResultsIn this study, we describe an effective cell‐based in vitro method as a potent tool for a more targeted screening of alternatives to aluminium salts. Testing the commonly used aluminium chlorohydrate as one example of an aluminium‐based active in this screening procedure, we discovered a distinct influence on the ion equilibrium: Intracellular levels of sodium ions were decreased while those of chloride increased. Screening of various substances revealed a polyethyleneimine, adjusted to pH 3.5 with hydrochloric acid, to evoke the same alterations in the ion equilibrium as aluminium chlorohydrate. Subsequent in vivo studies showed its substantial antiperspirant action and confirmed the high efficiency of the polyethyleneimine solution in vivo. Further, specific investigations connecting the chloride content of the tested substances with the resulting sweat reduction pointed towards a substantial impact of the chloride ions on sweating.ConclusionThe newly described in vitro cell‐based screening method represents an effective means for identifying new antiperspirant actives and suggests an additional biological mechanism of action of sweat‐reducing ingredients which is directed towards unbalancing of the ion equilibrium inside eccrine sweat gland cells.
Expecting the unexpected: measures, outcomes and dying trajectories for expected and unexpected death in adults with intellectual disabilities in social care settings in the UK
Authors: Bernal Jane , Hunt Katherine , Worth Rhian , Shearn Julia , Jones Edwin , Lowe Kathy , Todd Stuart 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundConsiderable attention is rightly paid to preventable deaths in adults with intellectual disabilities. The pattern of these deaths and the implications for services have been less considered.MethodThis paper forms part of a larger cross‐sectional study of deaths in a defined population of adults with intellectual disabilities. Data from VOICES‐SF were obtained from intellectual disability service providers for each death within their supported population over 18 months, 149 decedents in all.ResultsOnly 34.2% of deaths were anticipated, death was often sudden or followed a short illness. Four dying trajectories were identified, and categorized by length of illness, service use, care outcomes, symptom control and cause of death.ConclusionsRecognition that most deaths in this group were unanticipated implies a need for better preparation for less expected dying and better anticipation. A descriptive epidemiology of dying among people with intellectual disabilities is needed.
Effect of compliance during periodontal maintenance therapy on c‐reactive protein levels: a 6‐year follow‐up
Authors: Costa Fernando Oliveira , Esteves Lima Rafael Paschoal , Cortelli Sheila Cavalca , Costa Adriana Moreira , Cortelli José Roberto , Cota Luís Otávio Miranda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo longitudinally evaluate the effects of compliance during periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) on C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels and its relation to periodontal status.Materials and MethodsA subsample comprising of 30 matched pairs was taken from a previous 6‐year longitudinal study under PMT. Pairs were composed of one regular (RC) and one irregular (IC) compliers, matched by age and sex. Periodontal parameters and plasma samples were collected at 3 times: T1[prior to active periodontal therapy (APT)], T2(after APT), and T3(after 6 years). CRP plasma levels were quantified using ELISA.ResultsRC presented better clinical periodontal status, lower recurrence of periodontitis (sites with PD ≥4 mm and CAL ≥3 mm, together with the persistence and/or presence of BOP and/or suppuration, during any of the subsequent recall evaluations) and significant reductions in CRP levels over time [(T1: RC = 3.64 ± 2.13 and IC = 3.92 ± 2.02 mg/L) and (T3: RC = 2.12 ± 1.39 mg/L and IC = 3.71 ± 1.82 mg/L)]. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that individuals with periodontitis recurrence presented 2.19 higher chances of presenting altered CRP levels (values ≥3 mg/L‐ T2 to T3) than those without periodontitis recurrence (95%CI:1.16–3.27; p = 0.017).ConclusionsHigher CRP plasma levels were associated with higher recurrence of periodontitis and worse clinical periodontal parameters among IC when compared to RC.
Current status of and factors influencing anxiety and depression in front‐line medical staff supporting Wuhan in containing the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic
Authors: Li Laiyou , Sun Ning , Fei Suding , Yu Libo , Chen Shuangqin , Yang Shuang , Li Hongyu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThis research aimed to shed light on the relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics of front‐line medical workers and their anxiety and depression, to provide the basis and reference for targeted mental health education and for relevant departments to formulate appropriate policies during the COVID‐19 outbreak.MethodsThis study adopted a convenient sampling method and examined the psychological status of 150 front‐line medical workers from Zhejiang Province with questionnaire surveys using the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scale.ResultsThe participants had severe anxiety and depression; the top three items under the category of anxiety were genitourinary symptoms, behavior at interview, and respiratory symptoms, whereas the top three items under depression were feelings of guilt, weight loss, and retardation. Among all personal data, the following factors influenced anxiety, in decreasing order: degree of suspicion of being infected when showing associated symptoms, degree of fear of yourself and your family being infected, and the affiliated hospital (p < .05). As for depression, the factors were the degree of suspicion of being infected when showing associated symptoms and the degree of fear of yourself and your family being infected (p < .05).ConclusionThis study revealed that front‐line medical staff presented symptoms of anxiety and depression when dealing with the COVID‐19 outbreak and the factors influencing their psychological stress. Guiding policies and psychological interventions is crucial to maintaining their psychological well‐being. Different measures may be implemented to solve this problem.
Self‐realisation—What does this mean for school nurses to remain in nursing practice?
Authors: Mæland Linda Horne , Frøysland Oftedal Bjørg , Kristoffersen Margareth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe and interpret what it means for school nurses to realise themselves so that they remain in nursing practice.BackgroundSelf‐realisation seems to influence on nurses remaining in nursing practice. School nurses report aspects (i.e. autonomy and professional development) which can be linked to self‐realisation as important for themselves, but few studies describe what it means for school nurses to realise themselves so that they remain in practice.Design and methodThis study used a qualitative design, conducting two individual in‐depth interviews with 15 school nurses. The interviews were analysed with a phenomenological hermeneutic method. The COREQ checklist has been used in reporting this study.ResultsThe following themes were emerged: (a) being attentive to yourself, (b) acting true to yourself and (c) making independent choices.ConclusionThis study offers insight into what it means for school nurses to realise themselves so that they remain in nursing practice, that is to practise their originality and take a stand for what they consider important. Self‐realisation was embedded within nursing practice and consequently seems to impact on nurses remaining in practice.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses who practise their originality and take a stand for what they identify as important realise self. This implies being themselves and practising nursing in a way they find relevant. Nursing leaders who encourage nurses to articulate what this entails facilitate their self‐realisation. A clinical practice where nurses can be attentive and act true to themselves, and have opportunities to make independent choices, will be a practice where nurses can realise self. We suggest that clinical practice which emphasises opportunities for nurses' self‐realisation may facilitate their remaining in practice.
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome: An epidemiological and clinical review of 84 cases
Authors: Liy‐Wong Carmen , Pope Elena , Weinstein Miriam , Lara‐Corrales Irene 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundStaphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a toxin‐mediated, blistering skin disorder that mainly affects infants and children. There is limited literature regarding pediatric SSSS. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology, clinical features, and management of pediatric SSSS.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of pediatric patients with a clinical diagnosis of SSSS seen at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, from January 1994 to March 2016.ResultsWe included 84 patients with a clinical diagnosis of SSSS; 49/84 (58%) were male. Mean age of diagnosis was 3.1 ± 2.4 years. All patients presented with erythema and exfoliation, while 64/84 (76%) presented with vesicles/ bullae. Skin tenderness was the most common symptom, present in 68/84 (81%) subjects. Staphylococcus aureus was more commonly isolated from periorificial cultures than from bullae. Mean hospitalization was 4.7 ± 2.3 days. No difference was found in admission duration between children receiving clindamycin and those that did not (3.6 ± 2.2 vs 3.9 ± 2.34 days, P = .63). Skin debridement was the only risk factor leading to more complications and prolonged hospitalization (P = .03). Severe complications were seen in 4 (5%) cases, and no fatalities were observed.ConclusionsHealthcare providers should be aware of SSSS and consider it in the differential diagnosis of infants and children with new onset erythema, exfoliation, and/or vesiculation. Suspected culprit pathogens were more often obtained from periorificial swabs; however, these isolates were not tested for exfoliative toxin to confirm causality. Antibiotic treatment should be guided by sensitivity testing. Addition of clindamycin as an anti‐toxin agent had no effect on the duration of hospitalization, and this should be further investigated. Surgical debridement of the skin in patients with SSSS should be discouraged.
Detection of calcified atheromas on panoramic radiographs of cirrhotic patients
Authors: Marinho Gabriella Bueno , Tenório Jefferson Rocha , Munhoz Luciana , Andrade Natália Silva , Arita Emiko Saito , Ortega Karem L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of calcified atheromas in carotid arteries (CACA) on panoramic radiographs of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC).Methods and resultsA case‐control study of 67 individuals with LC (case group) and 67 healthy individuals (control group), matched by gender and age, was performed. In addition to demographic information, data on LC were also collected for the case group. Panoramic radiographs were evaluated by two previously calibrated examiners. The sample consisted predominantly of male individuals (n = 50; 74.62%), with mean age of 55 years old. In the case group, the mean value for the model of end‐stage liver disease was 16, and the major aetiology of LC was alcoholism (n = 26; 38.8%). Thirteen (19.4%) LC patients had CACA, whereas only four (5.9%) healthy patients had this condition. LC patients are 3.72 times more likely to have CACA compared to healthy individuals (P = .02). The presence of nephropathies increases the risk of development of atheromas by 18.58 times in cirrhotic individuals (P = .04).ConclusionsCirrhotic patients are more likely to have CACA compared to healthy patients, and this risk increases significantly when kidney disease is involved.
Metal contamination of agricultural soils amended with biosolids (sewage sludge) at a ceramic production area in NE Spain: A 10‐year resampling period
Authors: Jordán‐Vidal Manuel Miguel , Montero‐Martínez María Adriana , García‐Sánchez Ernesto , Martinez‐Poveda África 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHeavy metals in ecosystems affect human health through the web chain. Castellon Province is home to the largest ceramic production hub in Spain, with 94% of the country's total production. Agricultural soils in the vicinity of the ceramic hub were reported to contain potentially toxic elements (Pb, Cr, Ni and Cd) in 2008 and have since been subject to repeated amendment with biosolids (sewage sludge). The sample sites were revisited in 2019, and the chemical distribution of these metals reassessed. The distribution of heavy chemical forms was analysed using a sequential extraction protocol that fractionates these four heavy metals into five phases. The incorporation of biosolids for the past 10 years has changed the chemistry of the soil, leading to increased levels of some hazardous elements. The carbonate‐sorbed, residual and reducible phases were dominant. From the point of view of compliance with regulations, levels of Cd remained elevated and have increased over the 10‐year period.
The coverage of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination among kidney transplant recipients and waiting list patients: A cross‐sectional survey in Denmark
Authors: Larsen Lykke , Bistrup Claus , Sørensen Søren Schwartz , Boesby Lene , Nguyen Mai Thanh Thuy , Johansen Isik Somuncu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo characterize level and predictors of influenza and pneumococcal vaccine uptake among Danish kidney transplant recipients (KTR) and kidney transplant waiting list patients (WLP).MethodsA cross‐sectional survey based on self‐reported vaccine uptake including WLP and KTR ≤ 1½ years post transplantation. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses identifying factors associated with influenza vaccine uptake in the latest season were performed.ResultsA total of 220 participants were included in the study, 54% KTR and 46% WLP. Self‐reported influenza vaccine uptake in the latest season was overall 41.8%. Uptake of influenza vaccine on any prior season apart from the latest season was 53.2% and significantly higher among WLP than KTR (P = .007). Pneumococcal vaccine uptake was only 4% overall.The only factor positively associated with influenza vaccine uptake in the latest season was any prior influenza vaccine uptake (OR 5.79, CI95 2.44‐13.76) (P < .001). Recommendations given by other persons (non‐physician) were negatively associated with receiving the influenza vaccination in the latest season (OR 0.34, CI95 0.13‐0.92) (P = .03). Reasons for not being vaccinated were primarily lack of information, perception of own good health, and fear of adverse reactions.ConclusionsInfluenza and pneumococcal vaccine uptakes were suboptimal among Danish WLP and KTR. Increased awareness about guidelines and physicians´ education are warranted.
Rewired phenolic metabolism and improved saccharification efficiency of a Zea mays cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (zmcad2) mutant
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Van Acker Rebecca , Voorend Wannes , Pallidis Andreas , Goeminne Geert , Pollier Jacob , Morreel Kris , Kim Hoon , Muylle Hilde , Bosio Mickael , Ralph John , Vanholme Ruben , Boerjan Wout 
Published: December 2020

SummaryLignocellulosic biomass is an abundant byproduct from cereal crops that can potentially be valorized as a feedstock to produce biomaterials. Zea mays CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE 2 (ZmCAD2) is involved in lignification, and is a promising target to improve the cellulose‐to‐glucose conversion of maize stover. Here, we analyzed a field‐grown zmcad2 Mutator transposon insertional mutant. Zmcad2 mutant plants had an 18% lower Klason lignin content, whereas their cellulose content was similar to that of control lines. The lignin in zmcad2 mutants contained increased levels of hydroxycinnamaldehydes, i.e. the substrates of ZmCAD2, ferulic acid and tricin. Ferulates decorating hemicelluloses were not altered. Phenolic profiling further revealed that hydroxycinnamaldehydes are partly converted into (dihydro)ferulic acid and sinapic acid and their derivatives in zmcad2 mutants. Syringyl lactic acid hexoside, a metabolic sink in CAD‐deficient dicot trees, appeared not to be a sink in zmcad2 maize. The enzymatic cellulose‐to‐glucose conversion efficiency was determined after 10 different thermochemical pre‐treatments. Zmcad2 yielded significantly higher conversions compared with controls for almost every pre‐treatment. However, the relative increase in glucose yields after alkaline pre‐treatment was not higher than the relative increase when no pre‐treatment was applied, suggesting that the positive effect of the incorporation of hydroxycinnamaldehydes was leveled off by the negative effect of reduced p‐coumarate levels in the cell wall. Taken together, our results reveal how phenolic metabolism is affected in CAD‐deficient maize, and further support mutating CAD genes in cereal crops as a promising strategy to improve lignocellulosic biomass for sugar‐platform biorefineries.
Influence of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on High-Intensity Intermittent Running Performance at Different Doses of Normobaric Hypoxia in Endurance-Trained Males
Authors: Robinson George P. , Killer Sophie C. , Stoyanov Zdravko , Stephens Harri , Read Luke , James Lewis J. , Bailey Stephen J. 
Published: December 2020

This study investigated whether supplementation with nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR) can improve high-intensity intermittent running performance in trained males in normoxia and different doses of normobaric hypoxia. Eight endurance-trained males (, 62 ± 6 ml·kg−1·min−1) completed repeated 90 s intervals at 110% of peak treadmill velocity, from an initial step incremental test, interspersed by 60 s of passive recovery until exhaustion (Tlim). Participants completed the first three experimental trials during days 3, 5, and 7 of BR or nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (PLA) supplementation and completed the remaining experimental visits on the alternative supplement following at least 7 days of washout. The fraction of inspired oxygen during visits 1–3 was either 0.209, 0.182, or 0.157, equivalent to an altitude of 0, 1,200, and 2,400 m, respectively, and this order was replicated on visits 4–6. Arterial oxygen saturation declined dose dependently as fraction of inspired oxygen was lowered (p < .05). Plasma nitrite concentration was higher pre- and postexercise after BR compared with PLA supplementation (p < .05). There was no difference in Tlim between PLA and BR at 0 m (445 [324, 508] and 410 [368, 548] s); 1,200 m (341 [270, 390] and 332 [314, 356] s); or 2,400 m (233 [177, 373] and 251 [221, 323] s) (median and [interquartile range]; p > .05). The findings from this study suggest that short-term BR supplementation does not improve high-intensity intermittent running performance in endurance-trained males in normoxia or at doses of normobaric hypoxia that correspond to altitudes at which athletes typically train while on altitude training camps.