bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation: A case report and literature review
Authors: Hu Liang , Xie Xiaojun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare thyroid tumor. PC with sarcomatoid differentiation(PCSD) is even rarer and its exact etiology remains unclear. We here report a case of PCSD, and present the clinicopathological features and pathological diagnosis and review the literature.Case presentation: A 71-year-old man presented with a mass of 4.5 cm × 3.5 cm in the right neck. The tumor was composed of nest-like transparent cells, and the septum had heterotypic rhabdoid cells with sarcomatoid differentiation. Immunophenotype was as follows: myogenic differentiation 1(MyoD1), myogenin and desmin were positive; clear cells were positive for chromogranin A(CGA), synaptophysin(Syn) and GATA-3; and Ki-67 proliferation index was 40%. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry were performed. The patient was diagnosed with PCSD, and died 6 months after surgery.Conclusions: PCSD is a rare type of primary parathyroid tumor with high malignancy and poor prognosis. Definitive diagnosis should be based on histopathological morphology and immunophenotype, and surgical treatment should be performed as soon as possible.
Lactococcus lactis and Resveratrol Decrease Body Weight and Increase Benefic Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Mice
Authors: Mendes Keila Lopes , de Farias Lelis Deborah , Athayde Souza Letícia Antunes , Brito Ronize Viviane Jorge , Andrade Mariléia Chaves , Nobre Sérgio Avelino Mota , Guimarães André Luiz Sena , Batista de Paula Alfredo Maurício , de Lima Juliana Pinto , Hilzendeger Aline M. , Santos Sérgio Henrique Sousa 
Published: December 2020

Background::
The microbiome is now known for its important role in whole-body homeostasis.
A dysbiosis of the normal microbiota is correlated with metabolic disorders. In this sense,
the search for compounds able to modulate the microbiome is needed. Resveratrol, a natural compound
found in grapes seems to be a promising candidate.

Objective::
In this study, our motivation was to evaluate the effects of the association between
Resveratrol and Lactococcus lactis, a probiotic, on the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota
and body weight of mice.

Methods::
Twenty female mice were divided into 4 groups: (1) standard diet, (2) standard diet plus
Lactococcus lactis, (3) standard diet plus resveratrol, and (4) standard diet plus Lactococcus lactis
and resveratrol. At the end of the treatment period, samples of blood, mucus, stomach, and small
and large intestines were collected for analysis. Total levels of Immunoglobulin A and Immunoglobulin
E, Lac+ and Lac- bacteria and Lactobacillus were measured.

Results::
The main results indicate that the association between resveratrol and probiotics was able
to decrease mice body weight, as compared to the other groups, in addition to decrease the number
of Lac- bacteria and increasing the number of Lac+ bacteria. The levels of secretory IgA were also
decreased, compared to the animals treated with only probiotics or resveratrol.

Conclusion::
We observed potential synergism between Resveratrol and Lactococcus lactis mainly
in modulating the stomach and intestinal microbiota.
The Novel Antipsychotic Drug Cariprazine and Cognition Enhancing Drugs: Indications for their Use as the Add-on Therapy in Schizophrenia
Authors: Werner Felix-Martin , Coveñas Rafael 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder are treated with antipsychotic drugs. Some
patients show treatment-resistant forms of psychotic disorders, and in this case, they can be treated with clozapine.
Based on the previous reviews on novel antipsychotic drugs, it is important to know whether the add-on
therapy with the new drugs can ameliorate the positive and negative schizophrenic scale (PANSS) total score.

Objective:
The aim of this review is to suggest an appropriate treatment for patients with treatment-resistant
forms of psychotic disorders. A combination of the currently available antipsychotic drugs with novel antipsychotic
or modulating drugs might improve negative schizophrenic symptoms and cognitive function and thereby
social functioning and quality of life.

Results:
The mechanisms of action, the therapeutic effects, and the pharmacokinetic profiles of novel antipsychotic
drugs such as cariprazine, brexipiprazole, and lumateperone have been updated. Published case reports of
patients with treatment-resistant psychoses have also been discussed in this study. These patients were treated
only with clozapine, as a result of which a high PANSS total score was observed. Only the add-on therapy with
cariprazine improved the score, and above all, the negative schizophrenic symptoms and cognitive functions
were improved. For the ensurance of a constant antipsychotic drug concentration, long-acting injectable antipsychotic
drugs might be a choice for the maintenance therapy in schizophrenia. New modulating drugs, such
as receptor positive allosteric modulators (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; subtype 5 of the metabotropic glutamatergic
receptor) and encenicline, an alpha7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor agonist, have been investigated in
preclinical and clinical trials.

Conclusion:
In clinical trials, patients with treatment-resistant forms of psychosis should be examined to know
whether combination therapy with clozapine and a novel antipsychotic drug can ameliorate the PANSS total
score. In schizophrenia, long-acting injectable antipsychotic drugs are safe and tolerable maintenance therapy.
In further clinical studies, it should be investigated whether patients with treatment-resistant forms of psychoses
can improve negative schizophrenic symptoms and cognitive functions by the add-on therapy with cognitionenhancing
drugs.
Recent Patents, Regulatory Issues, and Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Neuronal Disorders
Authors: Muheem Abdul , Jahangir Mohammed A. , Jaiswal Chandra P. , Jafar Mohammed , Ahmad Mohammad Z. , Ahmad Javed , Warsi Musarrat H. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Form last few decades, nanoparticles have witnessed breakthroughs in the treatment of
neurological disorders due to their unique physiochemical properties, which make them an effective drug delivery
system. However, there is not much information available on the toxicity of nanoparticles in neuronal disorders.
The toxic effect of nanoparticles on brain disorders and their regulatory issues are the primary concerns of
the healthcare industry.

Methods:
A strategical literature search was performed on various bibliographic databases such as Scopus,
PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Medline, Google Patent, Derwent Innovation, and Orbit Intelligence for retrieval
of peer-reviewed articles and patents on regulatory issues and toxicity of nanoparticles in neuronal disorders
for last decade. The relevant hits of articles and patents were analyzed, and citation search for the relevant
documents was carried out.

Results::
The literature documents have been summarized regarding the existing regulatory issues and toxicity
of nanoparticles on neuronal disorders with a focus on the detailed mechanism of the developmental toxicity of
nanoparticles. The focus of this report is to emphasize the negative effects of nanoparticle on neuronal disorders,
which may partially contribute to the management of toxicity of nanoparticles.

Conclusion:
Although nanoparticles have unique physical and chemical properties that explain the broad range
of application for the central nervous system, they can also manifest neurotoxic effects due to cell necrosis, generation
of free radicals, immune responses and neuroinflammation. Thus, this review highlights risk assessment,
safety regulations and regulatory guidelines of nanoparticles, which may reduce adverse reactions in humans
and animals.
Glycolytic Inhibition and Antidiabetic Activity on Synthesized Flavanone Scaffolds with Computer Aided Drug Designing Tools
Authors: Kiruthiga Natarajan , Saravanan Govindaraj , Selvinthanuja Chellappa , Srinivasan Kulandaivel , Sivakumar Thangavel 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Diabetes mellitus is a challengeable metabolic disorder that leads to a
group of complications when the HbA1c level is not maintained. Most of the existing drugs available
in the market in long-term use may lead to serious adverse effects. Hence, current research
focuses on drug development for the management of diabetes by synthesizing natural mimicking
flavonoid analogues.

Objective:
This study focused on the synthesis of flavanone derivatives imitating natural flavonoid
core and investigated for their antidiabetic and antioxidant activity, which can help in the development
of drug discovery targeting diabetic management.

Materials and Methods:
The novel 2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-chromen-4-ones were synthesized from
1,3-diphenyl-prop-2-en-1-one derivatives and characterized using UV, IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and
mass spectroscopic techniques. Drug target site was determined using graph theoretical analysis and
screened the characterized title compounds for their in-silico studies by analyzing their physiochemical
properties, ADMET studies, and molecular docking analysis. Antidiabetic and free radical
scavenging effects were investigated both by in-vitro (alpha-amylase inhibitory assay) and in-vivo
models. Streptozotocin (STZ) induced rats were used as in-vivo models.

Results:
The α-amylase inhibitory assay showed flavanones with hydroxyl substitution HFA1-
HFA7 had significant IC50 values. The test compounds (HFA3-HFA7) were investigated for their
antidiabetic activity on STZ induced rats at 40 mg/kg. The blood glucose level and antioxidant
enzymes were significantly restored by title compounds (HFA5, HFA4, and HFA6) with an
electron-donating group such as hydroxyl, methoxy and thiophenyl group on ring B compared to
glibenclamide.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that naturally mimicking synthesized flavanone have antidiabetic
and antioxidant properties, which can aid in the development of drugs towards diabetes management.
In-silico Inhibitory Study of cFos-cJun Complex by T-5224 Based Small Molecule Analogs
Authors: Chavadapur Srushti S. , Biradar Shivaleela , Lamani Babu R. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Inflammatory diseases are one of the major concerns of today’s world;
major disorders caused by inflammation include, allergy, asthma, arthritis, hepatitis, autoimmune
diseases, celiac disease, etc. During most of these events, many proteins and molecules expression
are modulated and one such protein is AP-1 (c-Fos-c-Jun heterodimer complex). AP-1 is a dimeric
protein activated by several physiological stimuli and environmental insults such as growth factors,
polypeptide hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines, cell-matrix interactions, UV irradiations, viral
and bacterial infections.

Objective:
Present study is mainly focused on designing small molecule analogs to inhibit the c-
Fos-c-Jun complex, as the complex is involved in many inflammatory diseases and precisely involved
in disease progression. Therefore, it had been considered as a therapeutic target for more
than a decade.

Materials and Methods:
In the present study, an attempt was made to design the analogs of referral
drug T-5224. 31 analogs of T-5224 were designed by chemoinformatics approach and subjected to
ADMETox for screening.

Results:
Among the 16 compounds that were found to pass the evaluation, all 16 compounds passed
the toxicity evaluation except the 7th molecule. The molecular docking study showed that compounds
1, 2 and 16 had high inhibition constant.

Conclusion:
The preliminary results suggest the compounds 1, 2 and 16 have the potential ligand
binding capacity with the cFos-cJun complex. Further analysis, with advanced tools, may result in
potential small molecules to inhibit the c-Fos-c-Jun complex.
Inter-rater Reliability of Preceptors on Clinical Pharmacy Competency Evaluation
Authors: Thomas Dixon , Khalifa Sherief , Sreedharan Jayadevan , Bond Rucha 
Published: December 2020

Background::
Clinical competence of pharmacy students is better evaluated at their practice
sites compared to the classroom. A clinical pharmacy competency evaluation rubric like that of
the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) is an effective assessment tool for clinical
skills and can be used to show item reliability. The preceptors should be trained on how to use the
rubrics as many inherent factors could influence inter-rater reliability.

Objective::
To evaluate inter-rater reliability among preceptors on evaluating clinical competence
of pharmacy students, before and after a group discussion intervention.

Materials and Methods:
In this quasi-experimental study in a United Arab Emirates teaching hospital,
Seven clinical pharmacy preceptors rated the clinical pharmacy competencies of ten recent
PharmD graduates referring to their portfolios and preceptorship. Clinical pharmacy competencies
were adopted from ACCP and mildly modified to be relevant for the local settings.

Results::
Inter-rater reliability (Cronbach's Alpha) among preceptors was reasonable being practitioners
at a single site for 2-4 years. At domain level, inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.79 - 0.93
before intervention and 0.94 - 0.99 after intervention. No inter-rater reliability was observed in relation
to certain competency elements ranging from 0.31 - 0.61 before the intervention, but improved
to 0.79 - 0.97 after the intervention. Intra-class correlation coefficient improved among all individual
preceptors being reliable with each other after group discussion though some had no reliability
with each other before group discussion.

Conclusion::
Group discussion among preceptors at the training site was found to be effective in improving
inter-rater reliability on all elements of the clinical pharmacy competency evaluation. Removing
a preceptor from the analysis did not affect inter-rater reliability after group discussion.
Safety and Efficacy of Teplizumab for Treatment of Type One Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nourelden Anas Zakarya , Elshanbary Alaa Ahmed , El-Sherif Loalo'a , Benmelouka Amira Yasmine , Rohim Hagar Ismail , Helmy Sara Kamel , Sayed Merhan Kamal , Ismail Ammar , Ali Ahmed Said , Ragab Khaled Mohamed , Zaazouee Mohamed Sayed 
Published: December 2020

Background::
Type one diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by gradual destruction
of beta cells in islets of Langerhans. Teplizumab is a humanized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, which may have beneficial
effects for T1DM patients.

Objective::
To assess the safety and efficacy of teplizumab in T1DM patients.

Methods::
We searched electronic databases using related keywords for randomized clinical trials that assessing the safety
and efficacy of teplizumab. We evaluated the retrieved citations for eligibility, and we extracted the data then analyzed it using
Review Manager Software.

Results::
We included eight randomized clinical trials with 866 patients. Teplizumab was associated
with lower insulin use than placebo at 6 months (MD = -0.17, 95% CI [-0.24, -0.09], P < 0.001),
12 months (MD = -0.12, 95% CI [-0.18, -0.06], P < 0.001), 18 months (MD = -0.22, 95% CI
[-0.32, -0.11], P < 0.001) and 24 months (MD = -0.17, 95% CI [-0.28, -0.06], P = 0.003). The area
under the curve of C-peptide was significantly increased in teplizumab group at 12 months (MD =
0.08, 95% CI [0.01, 0.15], P = 0.03), 18 months (MD = 0.13, 95% CI [0.01, 0.25], P = 0.03) and 24
months (MD = 0.13, 95% CI [0.01, 0.24], P = 0.03). No significant effect of teplizumab on HbA1c
levels was observed at any time point. Teplizumab was found to be associated with some side effects
such as lymphopenia, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders.

Conclusions::
Teplizumab is associated with lower insulin use and higher AUC of C-peptide in type 1 diabetic patients with
no significant effect on Hb1c levels. Besides, teplizumab showed some adverse effects.
Lactation Plays a Fundamental Role in Developmental Programming
Authors: Ramirez Victoria , Montaño Francisco A. , Bautista Regina J. , Mummidi Srinivas , Alvarenga Juan C. , Bautista Claudia J. 
Published: December 2020

:
Breast milk has been considered the best source of nutrition for newborns. Several epidemiological
and basic experimental studies have been conducted to understand the nutritional advantages
of breast milk. Previous findings have emphasized the importance of good maternal nutrition. Maternal
milk provides macromolecules, minerals, immune cells, antibodies, hormones, and regular flora to
strengthen their offspring preventing various diseases. Maternal milk helps to facilitate physiological,
and molecular maturation of several systems, which are important for the final maturation of organs
and newborn body development.

:
Currently, breastfeeding is being abandoned for various reasons, such as lower milk production, lack of
time, abandonment of the family, social or emotional problems and adverse environmental conditions.
These permanent alterations during a critical developmental window have negative consequences in
regard to the development of the offspring and organ maturation leading to metabolic, reproductive,
hormonal and physiological problems from early life to adulthood.

:
This review describes the advantages of breast milk and the importance for the mother to maintain an
adequate diet during pregnancy and lactation, in addition to maintaining a healthy lifestyle and harmonious
family relationships. Such an environment will contribute to the complete maturation and development
of the offspring.
A Novel Dual Output Comparator Based on Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors Second Generation Current Controlled Conveyor
Authors: Krishna Petluri V.S.M. , Srinivasulu Avireni , Lal Rajesh K. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Current comparators are useful in many analog circuits and communication
systems. With the increasing demand to integrate wearable health monitoring systems in telemedicine
and biomedical applications that help in early detection of abnormal conditions in patients, comparator
is one of its cores.

Objective:
Wearable and implantable medical devices work primarily on the signal acquisition and
wireless transmission. In the signal acquisition, Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) is the prime module.
Conversion is done using the sampling process and samples are generated by comparing the input
signal with the threshold level. For this purpose, comparator circuits are more preferable. This manuscript
presents a novel dual output comparator design by using carbon nanotube field effect transistor
second generation current controlled conveyor (CNCCCII). This CNCCCII is realized with the present-
day technology called Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNFETs).

Methods:
The proposed comparator topology is designed with 32 nm CNFET technology files with a
supply voltage of ±0.9 V using the Cadence Virtuoso simulator tool. The performance of the proposed
design is tested using transient analysis, Montecarlo analysis, temperature sweep, and finally compared
with the existing models.

Results:
The proposed comparator has the advantage of requiring a single CNCCCII with only one resistor
and is preferable for monolithic IC fabrication.

Conclusion:
The proposed circuit implemented using CNFETs gives a substantial improvement in
supply voltage requirement and less variation in output voltage levels over the existing technologies.
Compendious Review on Bioactive Constituents and Pharmacotherapeutic
Profile of Heliotropium indicum Linn
Authors: Pahuja Sonia , Garg Madhukar , Kumari Tripta , Bhatia Shiveena , Sarup Prerna 
Published: December 2020

:
Heliotropium indicum Linn. (syn. Tiaridium indicum) is a widespread plant that grows like a weed and is
commonly termed as ‘Hatisundu’ (Family: Heliotropiaceae, Subfamily: Boraginaceae). The plant is endogenous to
Southern America and has been naturalized in North America, Africa, Asia and Australia. It is utilized worldwide owing to
its ethnomedical significance. The folklore uses of the plant include uterine stimulant, antifertility, diuretic agent and many
more. The widespread literature studies reveal that the plant possesses varied pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, antinociceptive, anti-ulcer, anti-glaucoma, anti-tuberculosis, and anti-plasmodial and wound healing. The wild
occurrence of this species worldwide provides an opportunity to utilize this plant to paramount levels in treating diverse
ailments. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive account of phytochemicals present in the different parts of the
plant which are in turn responsible for its therapeutic potential.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Different Image Skeletonization Methods in Biometric Security Systems
Authors: Nazarkevych Mariya , Dmytruk Serhii , Hrytsyk Volodymyr , Vozna Olha , Kuza Anzhela , Shevchuk Oleksii , Voznyi Yaroslav , Maslanych Iryna , Sheketa Vasyl 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Systems of the Internet of Things are actively implementing biometric systems. For fast and
high-quality recognition in sensory biometric control and management systems, skeletonization methods are used at the
stage of fingerprint recognition. The analysis of the known skeletonization methods of Zhang-Suen, Hilditch, Ateb-Gabor
with the wave skeletonization method has been carried out and it shows a good time and qualitative recognition results.

Methods:
The methods of Zhang-Suen, Hildich and thinning algorithm based on Ateb-Gabor filtration, which form the
skeletons of biometric fingerprint images, are considered. The proposed thinning algorithm based on Ateb-Gabor filtration
showed better efficiency because it is based on the best type of filtering, which is both a combination of the classic Gabor
function and the harmonic Ateb function. The combination of this type of filtration makes it possible to more accurately
form the surroundings where the skeleton is formed.

Results:
Along with the known ones, a new Ateb-Gabor filtering algorithm with the wave skeletonization method has
been developed, the recognition results of which have better quality, which allows to increase the recognition quality from
3 to 10%.

Conclusion:
The Zhang-Suen algorithm is a 2-way algorithm, so for each iteration, it performs two sets
of checks during which pixels are removed from the image. Zhang-Suen's algorithm works on a
plot of black pixels with eight neighbors. This means that the pixels found along the edges of the image
are not analyzed. Hilditch thinning algorithm occurs in several passages, where the algorithm checks all
pixels and decides whether to replace a pixel from black to white if certain conditions are satisfied. This
Ateb-Gabor filtering will provide a better performance, as it allows to obtain more hollow shapes, organize
a larger range of curves. Numerous experimental studies confirm the effectiveness of the proposed
method.