bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening results in South Africa
Authors: Woodiwiss Angela J , Kruger Ruan , Norton Gavin R , Schutte Aletta E , Myburgh Caitlynd , Nkeh-Chungag Benedicta , Sewani-Rusike Constance R , Vally Muhammed , Jones Erika , Peterson Vernice , Marsh Justin , Gafane-Matemane Lebo F , Ahiante Blessing O , Phalane Edith , Beaney Thomas , Chis Ster Anca , Xia Xin , Poulter Neil R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a growing burden worldwide, leading to over 10 million deaths each year. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global initiative of the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) aimed at raising awareness of high BP and acting as a temporary solution to the lack of screening programmes worldwide. As part of MMM, screening in South Africa in 2017 revealed that 24.5% of adults (mean age = 31 years) have hypertension and only half of those with hypertension had controlled BP. These data highlight the need for continued screening and awareness campaigns. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 years was carried out in May 2018. Blood pressure measurements, the definition of hypertension and statistical analyses followed the MMM protocol. The sites screened were general populations and university campuses in preference to hospitals and clinics, aiming to raise awareness and allow access to screening to those less likely to be aware of their BP. In total, 2965 individuals (age 40.5 ± 18.2 years) were screened. After multiple imputation for missing BP readings, 34.6% had hypertension, only 56.7% of those with hypertension were aware, 21.2% of those not receiving treatment for hypertension were hypertensive, and a large proportion (42.5%) of individuals receiving antihypertensive medication had uncontrolled BP. These results suggest that opportunistic screening campaigns can identify significant numbers with undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension. The high proportions of individuals with undiagnosed and treated uncontrolled hypertension highlight the need for hypertension awareness campaigns and more rigorous management of hypertension.
May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Spain
Authors: Rodilla Enrique , Molinero Ana , Gijón-Conde Teresa , Tous Salvador , Fornós José A , Mera Inés , Martínez Fernando , Carreras Blanca , de Berardinis Bettina , Beaney Thomas , Ster Anca Chis , Poulter Neil R , Xia Xin , Ruilope Luis M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is the single most important contributing risk factor to the global disease burden, leading to over 10 million deaths each year. In Spain, hypertension (HTN) affects around 20% of the adult population and remains the greatest attributable cause of cardiovascular mortality. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a worldwide initiative aimed at increasing awareness of HTN and to improve the lack of screening programmes worldwide. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged 18 and over was carried out in May 2018. Blood pressure measurement, the definition of HTN and statistical analysis followed the standard MMM protocol. Anthropometric data and responses to questionnaires on demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors were obtained as additional information. Screening sites mainly in community pharmacies, universities, primary care centres, HTN units, and cardiovascular departments in hospitals were set up across Spain as part of this initiative. In total, 7646 individuals (63.5% female) were screened during MMM18. After multiple imputation, 40.0% had HTN, of whom 74.4% were aware of their diagnosis and 69.6% were taking antihypertensive medication. Of individuals not receiving antihypertensive medication, 16.9% were hypertensive. Of individuals receiving antihypertensive medication, 36.4% had uncontrolled BP. MMM18 almost doubled the number of participants of MMM17 and was the largest BP screening campaign ever undertaken in Spain, showing that in the absence of systematic screening programmes for HTN, MMM can identify a great number of individuals at risk, increasing their awareness and attracting the interest of the healthcare system in Spain.
Does High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation Have an Impact on Improving Pulmonary Function in Patients With Smoke Inhalation Injury?
Authors: Allam Nesma M , Badawy Manar M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Smoke inhalation results in bronchospasm of the trachea, increasing secretion of mucus, casts formation, and improvement of blood flow of the airway. High frequency chest wall oscillation is a common modality used for clearing mucus secretion in patients suffering from hypersecretion of thick mucus and used also to help cough clearance. This study aimed to detect the effect of high frequency chest wall oscillation in improving pulmonary function in burn patients suffering from smoke inhalation. Sixty smoke inhalation injury patients were randomly distributed into two groups of equal size. Group A: received high frequency chest wall oscillation and conventional chest physical therapy (breathing exercises, early ambulation, and cough training) thrice per week for 8 weeks. Group B: received traditional chest physical therapy (breathing exercises, early ambulation, and cough training) thrice per week for 8 weeks. Pulmonary function test (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second and peak expiratory flow rate) was measured at enrollment and after 8 weeks by using spirometer. Pulmonary function increased significantly posttreatment when compared with that pretreatment in groups A and B (P &gt; .001). Also, they increased significantly in group A compared with that of group B posttreatment (P &gt; .05). High-frequency chest wall oscillation have an impact on improving pulmonary function and should be handled to be a part of the pulmonary rehabilitation plan for smoke inhalation injury patients.
Comparative Trends in the Distribution of Lung Cancer Stage at Diagnosis in the Department of Defense Cancer Registry and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data, 1989–2012
Authors: Nations Joel A , Brown Derek W , Shao Stephanie , Shriver Craig D , Zhu Kangmin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction
We compared the stage at diagnosis for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in the military healthcare system (MHS) and the general public to assess differences between these two groups as well as to assess the trends in stage at diagnosis in the recent past.

Method
This study was based on the non-identifiable data from the U.S. Department of Defense Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute. Patients diagnosed with NSCLC between 1989 and 2012 were included. The distributions of tumor stage at diagnosis and trends in tumor stage were compared between the two populations.

Results
The cohorts were predominately male in both ACTUR (65.3%) and SEER (55.1%) and white patients accounted for greater than 80% of patients in both ACTUR and SEER. Among 21,031 patients in ACTUR and 773,356 patients in SEER, stage IV lung cancers predominated (ACTUR 33.6%, SEER 40.5%) followed by stage III (ACTUR 26.1%, SEER 26.4%) and stage I (ACTUR 24.7%, SEER 20.6%). Notable differences between the two populations were the higher percentage of stage I and lower percentage of stage IV, along with a lower rate of unknown stage patients after 2004, in ACTUR than SEER. Between 1989 and 2012, the percentage of stage IV disease increased in ACTUR and SEER coincident with a decrease in unknown stage disease.

Conclusions
The majority of NSCLC patients in the MHS and general population are diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC and the percentage is increasing. Compared to the general population, NSCLC patients in the MHS have a higher percentage of stage I, a lower percentage of stage IV, and of unknown stage cancer. Universal care along with more rigorous staging across the MHS may play a role in these findings.
A Dynamic Response to Exposures of Health Care Workers to Newly Diagnosed COVID-19 Patients or Hospital Personnel, in Order to Minimize Cross-Transmission and the Need for Suspension From Work During the Outbreak
Authors: Schwartz Carmela , Oster Yonatan , Slama Carole , Benenson Shmuel ,   Hadassah COVID-19 Investigations Working Group, Cohen Adiel , Favor Ayelet , Gross Ilana , Luski Shahar , Ottolenghi Miriam , Parnasa Elchanan , Reichman Nechamat , Ronen Naama , Zeidel Einat 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic, many health care workers (HCWs) have been exposed to infected persons, leading to suspension from work. We describe a dynamic response to exposures of HCWs at Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem, to minimize the need for suspension from work.

Methods
We performed an epidemiological investigation following each exposure to a newly diagnosed COVID-19 patient or HCW; close contacts were suspended from work. During the course of the epidemic, we adjusted our isolation criteria according to the timing of exposure related to symptom onset, use of personal protective equipment, and duration of exposure. In parallel, we introduced universal masking and performed periodic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 screening for all hospital personnel. We analyzed the number of HCWs suspended weekly from work and those who subsequently acquired infection.

Results
In the 51 investigations conducted during March–May 2020, we interviewed 1095 HCWs and suspended 400 (37%) from work, most of them, 251 (63%), during the first 2 weeks of the outbreak. The median duration of exposure (interquartile range) was 30 (15–120) minutes. Only 5/400 (1.3%) developed infection, all in the first 2 weeks of the epidemic. After introduction of universal masking and despite loosening the isolation criteria, none of the exposed HCWs developed COVID-19.

Conclusions
Relatively short exposures of HCWs, even if only either the worker or the patient wears a mask, probably pose a very low risk for infection. This allowed us to perform strict follow-up of exposed HCWs in these exposures, combined with repeated testing, instead of suspension from work.
Considerations for the Selection and Use of Disinfectants Against SARS-CoV-2 in a Health Care Setting
Authors: Tyan Kevin , Levin Adriane , Avalos-Pacheco Alejandra , Plana Deborah , Rand Eleanor A , Yang Helen , Maliszewski Laura E , Chylek Lily A , Atta Lyla , Tye Mark A , Carmack Mary M , Oglesby N Synclaire , Burgin Susan , Yu Sherry H , LeBoeuf Nicole R , Kemp Jacqueline M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Proper disinfection using adequate disinfecting agents will be necessary for infection control strategies against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, limited guidance exists on effective surface disinfectants or best practices for their use against severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2. We outlined a process of fully characterizing over 350 products on the Environmental Protection Agency List N, including pH, method of delivery, indication for equipment sterilization, and purchase availability. We then developed a streamlined set of guidelines to help rapidly evaluate and select suitable disinfectants from List N, including practicality, efficacy, safety, and cost/availability. This resource guides the evaluation of ideal disinfectants amidst practical considerations posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Smith-Robinson Approach to the Subaxial Cervical Spine: A Stepwise Microsurgical Technique Using Volumetric Models From Anatomic Dissections
Authors: Vigo Vera , Pastor-Escartín Félix , Doniz-Gonzalez Ayoze , Quilis-Quesada Vicent , Capilla-Guasch Pau , González-Darder José Manuel , De Bonis Pasquale , Fernandez-Miranda Juan Carlos 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The Smith-Robinson
1
approach (SRA) is the most widely used route to access the anterior cervical spine. Although several authors have described this approach, there is a lack of the stepwise anatomic description of this operative technique. With the advent of new technologies in neuroanatomy education, such as volumetric models (VMs), the understanding of the spatial relation of the different neurovascular structures can be simplified.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the anatomy of the SRA through the creation of VMs of anatomic dissections.

METHODS
A total of 4 postmortem heads and a cervical replica were used to perform and record the SRA approach to the C4-C5 level. The most relevant steps and anatomy of the SRA were recorded using photogrammetry to construct VM.

RESULTS
The SRA was divided into 6 major steps: positioning, incision of the skin, platysma, and muscle dissection with and without submandibular gland eversion and after microdiscectomy with cage positioning. Anatomic model of the cervical spine and anterior neck multilayer dissection was also integrated to improve the spatial relation of the different structures.

CONCLUSION
In this study, we review the different steps of the classic SRA and its variations to different cervical levels. The VMs presented allow clear visualization of the 360-degree anatomy of this approach. This new way of representing surgical anatomy can be valuable resources for education and surgical planning.
Improved the biocompatibility of cancellous bone with compound physicochemical decellularization process
Authors: Ling You , Xu Weikang , Yang Lifeng , Liang Changyan , Xu Bin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Due to the unique microstructures and components of extracellular matrix (ECM), decellularized scaffolds had been used widely in clinical. The reaction of the host toward decellularized scaffolds depends on their biocompatibility, which should be satisfied before applied in clinical. The aim of this study is to develop a decellularized xenograft material with good biocompatibility for further bone repair, in an effective and gentle method. The existing chemical and physical decellularization techniques including ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) were combined and modified to decellularize bovine cancellous bone (CB). After decellularization, almost 100% of ɑ-Gal epitopes were removed, the combination of collagen, calcium and phosphate was reserved. The direct and indirect contact with macrophages was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and immunological response of the materials. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used in the in vitro cells’ proliferation assay. The decellularized CB was proved has no cytotoxicity (grade 1) and no immunological response (NO, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion inhibited), and could support MSCs proliferated continuedly. These results were similar to that of commercial decellularized human bone. This study suggests the potential of using this kind of combine decellularization process to fabricate heterogeneous ECM scaffolds for clinical application.
Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic study on the different molecular mechanisms of PC12 cell growth on chitosan and collagen/chitosan films
Authors: Lü Xiaoying , Huang Yan , Qu Yayun , Zhang Yiwen , Zhang Zequn 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to integrate the transcriptomic analysis and the proteomic profiles and to reveal and compare the different molecular mechanisms of PC12 cell growth on the surface of chitosan films and collagen/chitosan films. First, the chitosan films and the collagen/chitosan films were prepared. Subsequently, the cell viability assay was performed; the cell viability of the PC12 cells cultured on the collagen/chitosan films for 24 h was significantly higher than that on the chitosan films. Then, with cDNA microarray, the numbers of differentially expressed genes of PC12 cells on the surface of chitosan and collagen/chitosan films were 13349 and 5165, respectively. Next, the biological pathway analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes were involved in 40 pathways directly related to cell adhesion and growth. The integrated transcriptomic and our previous proteomic analysis revealed that three biological pathways—extracellular matrix–receptor interaction, focal adhesion and regulation of actin cytoskeleton—were regulated in the processes of protein adsorption, cell adhesion and growth. The adsorbed proteins on the material surfaces further influenced the expression of important downstream genes by regulating the expression of related receptor genes in these three pathways. In comparison, chitosan films had a strong inhibitory effect on PC12 cell adhesion and growth, resulting in the significantly lower cell viability on its surface; on the contrary, collagen/chitosan films were more conducive to promoting PC12 cell adhesion and growth, resulting in higher cell viability.
Exploration of key traction-running equipment and its problems on heavy-haul trains and research on technology development
Authors: Chen Chunyang , Li Wei , Liu Youmei , Wei Xiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In recent years, heavy-haul train technology has seen a number of innovations worldwide, and train traction-running technology has also made great progress, resulting in a rich pool of experience and a range of promising applications. This paper summarizes the key technologies of traction running in heavy-haul combined trains, especially locomotive and rolling-stock technology, traction technology, braking technology, control technology, communication technology and safety technology. At the same time, based on an analysis of practical applications, this paper further explores the main problems and urgent needs of traction equipment on heavy-haul trains. With an eye to the future, the heavy-haul railway system will develop in the direction of informatization, automation and intelligence, in order to build a greener, more energy-saving, safer and more efficient railway. This paper therefore looks forward to the technical developments of heavy-haul combined trains, and provides a reference for the development of heavy-haul railways.
XII Literature 1780–1830: The Romantic Period
Authors: Coffey Bysshe Inigo , Davies Colette , Hawley-sibbett Ruby , Falk Michael , Greig Elias , Kiek Miranda 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis chapter has four sections: 1. General and Prose; 2. The Novel; 3. Poetry; 4. Drama. Section 1 is by Bysshe Inigo Coffey; section 2 is by Colette Davies and Ruby Hawley-Sibbett; section 3 is by Michael Falk and Elias Greig; section 4 is by Miranda Kiek.
Surgical Intervention for Patients With Spinal Metastasis From Lung Cancer
Authors: Truong Van Tri , Shedid Daniel , Al-Shakfa Fidaa , Hattou Lotfi , Shen Jesse , Boubez Ghassan , Yuh Sung-Joo , Wang Zhi 
Published: August 2020

Study Design:
This was a retrospective study.

Objective:
Evaluate the prognosis and surgical outcomes of patients with spinal metastasis from lung cancer undergoing surgical treatment.

Summary of Background Data:
The spine is the most common site of metastatic lesions in patients with lung cancer. There have been a few studies, all small cohorts studying prognosis and surgical outcomes and the results were discordant.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study on a prospectively collected database was conducted. Data collected were the following: age, tobacco use, tumor histology, American Spinal Injury Association score, revised Tokuhashi score, ambulatory status, perioperative complications, postoperative adjuvant treatment, and survival time. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors of survival.

Results:
The authors studied 87 patients with a mean age of 61.3±1.9 years. Median survival was 4.1±0.8 months. Twenty-eight patients (32.2%) lived >6 months and 14 patients (16.1%) lived >12 months. The medical complication rate was 13.8% and the surgical complication rate was 5.7%. The 30-day mortality rate was 4.6%. Univariate analysis showed tobacco use, revised Tokuhashi score, preoperative and postoperative American Spinal Injury Association score, postoperative walking ability, postoperative radiotherapy, and postoperative chemotherapy were prognostic factors. There was no significant difference in survival between adenoma lung cancers, nonadenoma lung cancers, and small cell lung cancers (P=0.51). Multivariate analysis revealed tobacco use, revised Tokuhashi score, postoperative walking ability, postoperative radiotherapy, and postoperative chemotherapy affected the survival.

Conclusions:
This is the largest reported study of patients with spinal metastasis from lung cancer undergoing spinal surgery. It is the first study showing that tobacco use has a negative impact on survival. Spinal surgery improves the quality of life and offers nonambulatory patients a high chance of regaining walking ability with an acceptable risk of complications.
The role of adrenal venous sampling and computed tomography in the management of primary aldosteronism
Authors: Ma Delin , Liu Xiaming , Zeng Liwen , Yuan Penghui , Liu Zheng , Xie Junhui , Yuan Gang , Wang Shaogang , Yu Xuefeng , Yang Yan , Xu Anhui 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The role of adrenal venous sampling (AVS) has been challenged by some recent evidence. This study aimed to compare the role of AVS and computed tomography (CT) in the management of primary aldosteronism.

Methods:
Patients who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism at a single center between January 2015 and December 2018 were included, and postoperative outcomes of the patients who underwent surgery based on CT (n = 195) or AVS (n = 40) were compared. The data of all the patients who underwent AVS successfully (n = 75) during this period were also collected and analyzed.

Results:
There were no significant differences between the CT-guided and AVS-guided adrenalectomies in most of the postoperative outcomes, and the proportion of patients achieving cure of hypokalemia (CT vs. AVS, 98.3 vs. 96.4%) and alleviation of hypertension (89.2 vs. 92.9%) were similar between the two groups. However, since the baseline characteristics of the two groups were not identical, the AVS-guided group showed greater improvement in postoperative hypokalemia and greater reduction in the number of antihypertensive medications than the CT-guided group. In addition, for the 75 patients who underwent AVS successfully, the concordance rate between CT abnormalities and AVS lateralization was 60.0% in total, and 22.7% patients changed treatment plans according to the AVS results.

Conclusion:
Although the clinical outcomes were not significantly different between the CT-guided and AVS-guided group, the AVS-guided group seemed to benefit more from the surgery, and a considerable number of patients with primary aldosteronism would have received inappropriate treatment if they did not undergo AVS.