bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with suspected COVID-19 admitted in Metro Manila, Philippines
Authors: Salva Eumelia P. , Villarama Jose Benito , Lopez Edmundo B. , Sayo Ana Ria , Villanueva Annavi Marie G. , Edwards Tansy , Han Su Myat , Suzuki Shuichi , Seposo Xerxes , Ariyoshi Koya , Smith Chris 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to almost every region and country in the world, leading to widespread travel restrictions and national lockdowns. Currently, there are limited epidemiological and clinical data on COVID-19 patients from low and middle-income countries. We conducted a retrospective single-center study of the first 100 individuals with suspected COVID-19 (between Jan. 25 and Mar. 29, 2020) admitted to San Lazaro Hospital (SLH), the national infectious diseases referral hospital in Manila, Philippines.ResultsDemographic data, travel history, clinical features, and outcomes were summarized and compared between COVID-19 confirmed and non-confirmed cases. The first two confirmed cases were Chinese nationals, admitted on Jan. 25. The third confirmed case was a Filipino, admitted on Mar. 8. Trends toward confirmed COVID-19 cases not reporting international travel and being admitted to SLH from the densely populated area of Manila city were observed during Mar. 8-29. All 42 of the 100 confirmed COVID-19 cases were adults, 40% were aged 60 years and above and 55% were male. Three were health workers. Among individuals with suspected COVID-19, confirmed cases were more likely to be older, Filipino, not report international travel history and have at least one underlying disease, particularly diabetes, report difficulty in breathing, and a longer duration of symptoms. In over 90% of non-COVID-19 cases, the alternative diagnosis was respiratory. Nine (21%) confirmed cases died. The median duration from symptoms onset to death was 11.5 (range: 8–18) days.ConclusionsImported COVID-19 cases have reduced but local transmission persists and there is a trend toward cases being admitted to SLH from densely populated areas. This study highlights the difficulty in diagnosing COVID-19 on clinical grounds and the importance of diagnostic capacity in all settings. Difficulty of breathing was the only symptom associated with COVID-19 infection and should alert clinicians to the possibility of COVID-19. Clinical characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases and a hospital case fatality rate of 21% are comparable with other settings.
Treatment of Locally Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma: ASCO Guideline
Authors: Shah Manish A. , Kennedy Erin B. , Catenacci Daniel V. , Deighton Dana C. , Goodman Karyn A. , Malhotra Narinder K. , Willett Christopher , Stiles Brendon , Sharma Prateek , Tang Laura , Wijnhoven Bas P. L. , Hofstetter Wayne L. 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE To develop an evidence-based clinical practice guideline to assist in clinical decision making for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. METHODS ASCO convened an Expert Panel to conduct a systematic review of the more recently published literature (1999-2019) on therapy options for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer and provide recommended care options for this patient population. RESULTS Seventeen randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Where possible, data were extracted separately for squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. RECOMMENDATIONS Multimodality therapy for patients with locally advanced esophageal carcinoma is recommended. For the subgroup of patients with adenocarcinoma, preoperative chemoradiotherapy or perioperative chemotherapy should be offered. For the subgroup of patients with squamous cell carcinoma, preoperative chemoradiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy without surgery should be offered. Additional subgroup considerations are provided to assist with implementation of these recommendations. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/gastrointestinal-cancer-guidelines .
A lineage-tracing tool to map the fate of hypoxic tumour cells
Authors: Vermeer Jenny A. F. , Ient Jonathan , Markelc Bostjan , Kaeppler Jakob , Barbeau Lydie M. O. , Groot Arjan J. , Muschel Ruth J. , Vooijs Marc A. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Intratumoural hypoxia is a common characteristic of malignant treatment-resistant cancers. However, hypoxia-modification strategies for the clinic remain elusive. To date, little is known on the behaviour of individual hypoxic tumour cells in their microenvironment. To explore this issue in a spatial and temporally controlled manner, we developed a genetically encoded sensor by fusing the O2-labile hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein to eGFP and a tamoxifen-regulated Cre recombinase. Under normoxic conditions, HIF-1α is degraded but, under hypoxia, the HIF-1α-GFP-Cre-ERT2 fusion protein is stabilised and in the presence of tamoxifen activates a tdTomato reporter gene that is constitutively expressed in hypoxic progeny. We visualise the random distribution of hypoxic tumour cells from hypoxic or necrotic regions and vascularised areas using immunofluorescence and intravital microscopy. Once tdTomato expression is induced, it is stable for at least 4 weeks. Using this system, we could show in vivo that the post-hypoxic cells were more proliferative than non-labelled cells. Our results demonstrate that single-cell lineage tracing of hypoxic tumour cells can allow visualisation of their behaviour in living tumours using intravital microscopy. This tool should prove valuable for the study of dissemination and treatment response of post-hypoxic tumour cells in vivo at single-cell resolution.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
Three-Dimensionally Printed Patient-Specific Surgical Plates Increase Accuracy of Oncologic Head and Neck Reconstruction Versus Conventional Surgical Plates: A Comparative Study
Authors: Yang Wei-fa , Choi Wing Shan , Wong May Chun-Mei , Powcharoen Warit , Zhu Wang-yong , Tsoi James Kit-Hon , Chow Marco , Kwok Ka-Wai , Su Yu-xiong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Surgeons are pursuing accurate head and neck reconstruction to enhance aesthetic and functional outcomes after oncologic resection. This study aimed to investigate whether accuracy of head and neck reconstruction is improved with the use of three-dimensionally (3D)-printed patient-specific surgical plates compared with conventional plates.

Methods
In this comparative study, patients were prospectively recruited into the study group (3DJP16) with 3D-printed patient-specific surgical plates. The patients in control group with conventional surgical plates were from a historic cohort in the same unit. The primary end point of the study was the accuracy of head and neck reconstruction. The secondary end points were accuracy of osteotomy, intraoperative blood loss, total operative time, and length of hospital stay.

Results
The study recruited of 33 patients, including 17 in the study group and 16 in the control group. The patients’ baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. The absolute distance deviation of the maxilla or mandible was 1.5 ± 0.5 mm in the study group and 2.1 ± 0.7 mm in the control group [mean difference, − 0.7 mm; 95% confidence interval (CI) − 1.1 to − 0.3; p = 0.003], showing superior accuracy of reconstruction for the patients with 3D-printed patient-specific surgical plates. Improved accuracy of reconstruction also was detected in terms of bilateral mandibular angles and bone grafts. Concerning the secondary end points, the accuracy of the osteotomy was similar in the two groups. No difference was found regarding intraoperative blood loss, total operative time, or length of hospital stay.

Conclusions
This is the first study to prove that compared with conventional plates, 3D-printed patient-specific surgical plates improve the accuracy of oncologic head and neck reconstruction.
Comparative Evaluation on Performance Characteristics of an Impact Sprinkler with Nozzle-Dispersion Devicesand Rotary Plate Sprinkler
Authors: Hong Hong - , Jiang Yue - , Tang Pan - , Chao Chao - , Fordjour Alexander - 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. A set of nozzle and water dispersion devices were designed to obtain a desirable jet breakup and save water from an impact sprinkler (IS) at low pressure conditions. Comparative performance indicators were obtained for the commercial LP and IS sprinkler heads. Results show that under the same working conditions, the IS produced a large spray range and the water distribution in the middle of the spray range (R) was better than the LP. The best simulated uniformity from the IS was obtained for the combined spacing factor of 1.4*R and the combined uniformity was 4% larger than the LP. Considering the middle position of the spray range, the number and diameter of the droplets from the IS were larger than the droplets from the LP. However, in the end position of the spray range, the droplet diameters from the IS were quite smaller than the LP. Velocities from IS ranged between 0.2 and 6.4 m/s, while that from LP sprinkler were slightly higher ranging from 0.15 to 7.7 m/s at 150 kPa. Overall, introduction of the fixed dispersion device with a pointed tip profile combined with the 6 mm nozzle offered some advantages for the IS over the LP sprinkler at low-pressure conditions. Keywords: Dispersion device, Droplet distribution, Impact sprinkler, Low pressure sprinkler, Nozzle, Spray range, Uniformity.
Side-coupled liquid sensor and its array with magneto-optical photonic crystal
Authors: Shi Aoqian , Ge Rui , Liu Jianjun 
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a side-coupled liquid sensor and its array based on magneto-optical photonic crystal are proposed. The sensitivity and quality factor of a single magneto-optical photonic crystal sensor are 0.492 mm/RIU and 181,760, respectively. After arraying, the sensitivity of the single microcavity sensor can reach from 0.1 to 0.35 mm/RIU, and the corresponding quality factor can reach from

5

×

1

0

4

to

7

×

1

0

4

. Moreover, the structure has good robustness. This work will provide reference for the design of high-performance photonic crystal microcavity sensor arrays.
Comparison of sensitivity to beam collimation of the holographic shearing interferometer with the wedge plate shearing interferometer and the Talbot shearing interferometer
Authors: Dubey Rajiv , Kumar Raj 
Published: June 2020

High sensitivity of collimation testing equipment is desirable where collimated beams are used for precise and accurate measurements. Precision in the setting of collimation depends on the sensitivity of the testing equipment. In the present work, sensitivity to beam collimation of the recently reported holographic shearing interferometer (HSI) [J. Opt. 20, 055603 (2018)JOOPDB0150-536X10.1088/2040-8986/aab6dc] is measured and compared with sensitivities of other collimation testing techniques based on the wedge plate shearing interferometer and the Talbot shearing interferometer. For a test beam of diameter 25 mm from an He–Ne laser and displacement of the collimating lens by 1 mm from the collimation position, the Talbot shearing interferometer shows a rotation of interference fringes from the horizontal direction by 2°, the wedge plate shearing interferometer shows 20°, and the HSI shows 25°. Sensitivity is also presented in terms of measured slopes of phase maps of the recorded interferograms for a 1 mm displacement of the collimating lens and is obtained as 0.98 mrad, 15 mrad, and 19 mrad corresponding to the Talbot shearing interferometer, the wedge plate shearing interferometer, and HSI, respectively. The effect of decollimation of the laser beam on the interference fringes of diffraction of the Lloyd mirror interferometer is also demonstrated. Theoretical concepts and experimental results are presented and discussed for the above-mentioned beam collimation testing techniques.
Influence of He mixture on the pulse amplitude and spatial distribution of an Ne-like Ar 46.9  nm laser under gain saturation
Authors: Zhao Yongpeng , Zhao Dongdi , Yu Qi , Khan Muhammad Usman , Lu Haiqiang , Li Jingjun , Cui Huaiyu 
Published: June 2020

In the experiment of an Ne-like Ar 46.9 nm laser produced by capillary discharge, the effects of the addition of He into Ar on an Ne-like Ar 46.9 nm laser pulse and laser spot were studied. It was found that the laser pulse amplitude increased first and then decreased with pressure increase of He. In comparison with the laser pulse amplitude with pure Ar, the maximum amplitude with Ar–He mixture increased by approximately 34%. Under the condition of gain saturation of a 46.9 nm laser, the laser spatial distribution changed gradually with the addition of He into pure Ar. To analyze the influence of the addition of He into Ar on the laser spot, a theoretical simulation was performed.
High optical damage threshold on-chip lithium tantalate microdisk resonator
Authors: Yan Xiongshuo , Liu Yi’an , Ge Licheng , Zhu Bing , Wu Jiangwei , Chen Yuping , Chen Xianfeng 
Published: June 2020

Lithium tantalate (LT) is one of the most attractive optical nonlinear materials, as it possesses a high optical damage threshold and great UV transparency (0.28–5.5 µm). Recently, optical grade LT nanoscale film was developed. Here a high-quality-factor (

∼

10
5

) LT microdisk resonator based on LT-on-insulator (LTOI) film is fabricated by utilizing focused ion beam (FIB) milling. 2 µW output second-harmonic waves are achieved in the LTOI microdisk at about 500 mW input power. Cascaded third-harmonic generation is also observed in the fabricated device. This work may pave the way for LTOI in integrated photonic chips.
All fiber compact bending sensor with high sensitivity based on a multimode fiber embedded chirped long-period grating
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Geng Tao , Niu Huiwen , Li Xiang , Yan Yunxiang , Sun Cuiting , Deng Sifan , Wang Zemin , Wang Shengjia , Yang Wenlei , Sun Weimin , Yuan Libo 
Published: June 2020

We investigated and prepared a chirped long-period grating for high sensitivity bending measurement. The novel fiber structure is composed of the multimode fiber (MMF) with fixed length and gradually longer single-mode fiber using the continuous splicing method. The powerful ability of refractive index modulation in the MMF renders the miniaturization of the sensor. The total length of the sensor is 3.45 mm. Chirped period arrangement is adopted to improve the bending sensitivity. Through numerical calculation, the chirp coefficient is determined, and the clear resonance peaks are obtained using the wavelength scanning. The experimental results of several samples show that the maximum bending sensitivity is

53.68

n
m

/

m

−
1

at

0
−
1.803

m

−
1

. With the advantages of small size and high sensitivity, the sensor is especially suitable for bending sensing with a micro-structure.
CO2 laser-based side-polishing of silica optical fibers
Authors: Fan Siyu , Healy Noel 
Published: June 2020

In this Letter, an optical fiber side-polishing process is proposed that is non-contact, versatile, and scalable. A

C
O

2

laser, with carefully selected pulse parameters, is used to remove cladding material from the side of an optical fiber in a controlled manner. The resulting side-polished optical fiber has adiabatic polishing transitions and a flat uniform polished region. The technique provides a pristine polishing surface with an RMS surface roughness of less than 2 nm. Furthermore, in contrast to traditional side-polishing methods, the wear of hard tooling, the associated surface flaws, and issues with residual abrasive particulates are all negated. It is anticipated that this technique will provide a robust platform for the next generation of optical fiber devices that are based on in-fiber light–matter interaction with exotic materials, such as low-dimensional semi-conductors and topological insulators.
Temporal Dynamics of GABA and Glx in the Visual Cortex
Authors: Rideaux Reuben 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMagnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be usedin vivoto quantify neurometabolite concentration and provide evidence for the involvement of different neurotransmitter systems (e.g., inhibitory and excitatory) in sensory and cognitive processes. The relatively low signal-to-noise ratio of MRS measurements has shaped the types of questions that it has been used to address. In particular, temporal resolution is often sacrificed in MRS studies to achieve a signal sufficient to produce a reliable estimate of neurometabolite concentration. Here we apply novel analyses with large datasets from human participants (both sexes) to reveal the dynamics of GABA+and Glx in visual cortex while participants are at rest (with eyes closed) and compare this with changes in posterior cingulate cortex from a previously collected dataset (under different conditions). We find that the dynamic concentration of GABA+and Glx in visual cortex drifts in opposite directions; that is, GABA+decreases while Glx increases over time. Further, we find that in visual, but not posterior cingulate cortex, the concentration of GABA+predicts that of Glx 120 s later, such that a change in GABA+is correlated with a subsequent opposite change in Glx. Together, these results expose novel temporal trends and interdependencies of primary neurotransmitters in visual cortex. More broadly, we demonstrate the feasibility of using MRS to investigatein vivodynamic changes of neurometabolites.
Semilunar Granule Cells Are the Primary Source of the Perisomatic Excitatory Innervation onto Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons in the Dentate Gyrus
Authors: Rovira-Esteban Laura , Hájos Norbert , Nagy Gergő Attila , Crespo Carlos , Nacher Juan , Varea Emilio , Blasco-Ibáñez José Miguel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe analyzed the origin and relevance of the perisomatic excitatory inputs on the parvalbumin interneurons of the granule cell layer in mouse. Confocal analysis of the glutamatergic innervation showed that it represents ∼50% of the perisomatic synapses that parvalbumin cells receive. This excitatory input may originate from granule cell collaterals, the mossy cells, or even supramammillary nucleus. First, we assessed the input from the mossy cells on parvalbumin interneurons. Axon terminals of mossy cells were visualized by their calretinin content. Using multicolor confocal microscopy, we observed that less than 10% of perisomatic excitatory innervation of parvalbumin cells could originate from mossy cells. Correlative light and electron microscopy revealed that innervation from mossy cells, although present, was indeed infrequent, except for those parvalbumin cells whose somata were located in the inner molecular layer. Second, we investigated the potential input from supramammillary nucleus on parvalbumin cell somata using anterograde tracing or immunocytochemistry against vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) and found only occasional contacts. Third, we intracellularly filled dentate granule cells in acute slice preparations using whole-cell recording and examined whether their axon collaterals target parvalbumin interneurons. We found that typical granule cells do not innervate the perisomatic region of these GABAergic cells. In sharp contrast, semilunar granule cells (SGCs), a scarce granule cell subtype often contacted the parvalbumin cell soma and proximal dendrites. Our data, therefore, show that perisomatic excitatory drive of parvalbumin interneurons in the granular layer of the dentate gyrus is abundant and originates primarily from SGCs.
Postoperative parathyroid hormone levels as a predictor for persistent hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Lončar Ivona , Dulfer Roderick R , Massolt Elske T , Timman Reinier , de Rijke Yolanda B , Franssen Gaston J H , Burger Pim J W A , Smit Casper , van der Horst Frans A L , Peeters Robin P , van Eijck Casper H J , van Ginhoven Tessa M 
Published: June 2020

Objective
Hypoparathyroidism is a common complication after thyroidectomy. It is not yet possible to predict in which patients hypoparathyroidism will persist. We aim to determine whether a decrease in PTH levels, measured at the first postoperative day, can identify patients with a high risk for persistent hypoparathyroidism one year after thyroidectomy.

Design
Prospective multi-center cohort study.

Methods
Patients undergoing total or completion thyroidectomy were included. We measured PTH levels preoperatively and on the first postoperative day. Primary outcome is the proportion of patients with persistent hypoparathyroidism, defined as the need for calcium supplementation one year after surgery.

Results
We included 110 patients of which 81 were used for analysis of the primary outcome. At discharge 72.8% of patients were treated with calcium supplementation. Persistent hypoparathyroidism was present in 14 patients (17.3%) at one-year follow-up, all of them had a decrease in PTH >70% at the first postoperative day. These 14 were 43.8% of the 32 patients who had such a decrease. In the group of 49 patients (59.8%) without a PTH >70% decrease, none had persistent hypoparathyroidism one year after surgery (P-value <0.001). A decrease of >70% in PTH levels had a sensitivity of 100.0% (95% CI: 85.8–100.0%), a specificity of 73.1% (95% CI: 62.5–83.7%) and an area under the curve of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79–0.94) to predict the risk for persistent hypoparathyroidism.

Conclusion
In our study a decrease in PTH levels of >70% after total or completion thyroidectomy is a reliable predictor for persistent hypoparathyroidism, and this should be confirmed in larger cohorts.
Maternal prolactin is associated with glucose status and PCOS in pregnancy: Odense Child Cohort
Authors: Overgaard Martin , Glintborg Dorte , Christesen Henrik Thybo , Jensen Tina Kold , Andersen Marianne Skovsager 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
Low circulating prolactin is a potential marker of metabolic risk during pregnancy. We aimed to investigate associations between prolactin and glucose status in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design:
Prospective observational cohort study. From the Odense Child Cohort, 1497 pregnant women were included.

Methods:
Blood samples were assessed during first, second (prolactin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)) and third trimester (fasting prolactin, testosterone, HbA1c, insulin, glucose). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed around gestation week 28 in 350 women with risk factors for GDM and in 272 randomly included women. GDM was defined by 2-h plasma glucose ≥9.0 mmol/L.

Results:
The median (IQR) prolactin increased from 633 (451–829) mIU/L in first–second trimester to 5223 (4151–6127) mIU/L at third trimester. Prolactin was inversely associated with HbA1c in first (r = −0.19, P < 0.001) and third trimester (r = −0.07, P = 0.014). In third trimester, women with GDM (n = 37; 6.0%) had lower prolactin compared to women without GDM (4269 vs 5072 mIU/L, P = 0.004). Third trimester prolactin multiple of the median (MoM) was inversely associated with risk of GDM in multivariate regression analysis (OR 0.30, P = 0.034). PCOS was diagnosed in 10.0% (n = 146). Early pregnancy prolactin MoM was positively associated to PCOS diagnosis (OR 1.38, P = 0.051).

Conclusions:
Low prolactin levels during pregnancy were associated with higher HbA1c and risk of GDM. A diagnosis of PCOS was associated with higher early pregnancy prolactin levels.