bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical considerations for improved reliability and precision during determination of δ15N values in amino acids using a single combined oxidation–reduction reactor
Authors: Riekenberg Philip M. , van der Meer Marcel , Schouten Stefan 
Published: April 2020

RationaleThere has been increased interest in the measurement of δ15N values in amino acids (AAs) to gain simultaneous insight into both trophic relationships and the composition of biogeochemical sources used by producers at the base of the food web. A new combustion reactor design in gas chromatography/combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C‐irMS) equipment has brought to light variable outcomes in performance, highlighting the need for better information about best practices for new systems.MethodsPrecision for δ15N values in amino acids using the single combined oxidation–reduction reactor is improved across a sequence of analyses if the reactor is oxidized for a substantial period (2 h) and subsequently maintained throughout the sequence with 12–17 s seed oxidation before each run during GC/C‐irMS. A five‐point calibration curve using amino acids with a range of δ15N values from −2.4‰ to +61.5‰ was used in combination with a 13–15 amino acid mixture to consistently normalize measurements to internationally calibrated reference materials.ResultsCombining this oxidation method with normalization techniques using both internal and external standards provided a reliable throughput of ~25 samples per week. It allowed for a reproducible level of precision of <±0.5‰, n = 10 within a derivatized standard mixture across each sequence and an average sample precision of ±0.27‰ n = 3, which is lower than the analytical precision typically associated with δ15N values for amino acid analysis (<±1‰).ConclusionsA few practical considerations regarding oxidation and conditioning of the combustion reactor allow for increased sequence capacity with the single combined oxidation–reduction reactor. These considerations combined with normalization techniques result in a higher throughput and reduced analytical error during the measurement of δ15N values in amino acids.
Site‐selective, reversible, pH‐induced N‐terminal maleylation and its application for proteomics research
Authors: Ma Jianfeng , Zheng Shuzhen , Wang Haidong , Li Chongjie , Ran Qianping 
Published: April 2020

RationaleCompared with traditional labelling reagents used in proteomics, maleic anhydride is milder and can be easily removed under certain conditions, thus simplifying chemical derivatization.MethodsThe proposed strategy combined a site‐specific chemical labelling reaction with mass spectrometry. Site‐selective, reversible N‐terminal maleylation was controlled by pH.ResultsSelective maleyl N‐terminal labelling was achieved with high efficiency under the optimized reaction conditions. The demaleylation conditions were also optimized. The sequence coverage of histone H4 increased from 77% to 95% after the maleyl labels were removed, and the number of maleylated peptides was five times that of the unlabelled peptides. We further verified the reversible and selective N‐terminal labelling properties of maleic anhydride through propionylation labelling at the peptide/protein level.ConclusionsA new method for site‐selective maleylation of the N‐terminal amino groups of a peptide was explored. Through the optimization experiment, good efficiency was achieved for this labelling reaction. The reversibility of maleylation labelling was also explored and applied for the identification of post‐translational modifications of histones. Thus, site‐selective, reversible, pH‐induced N‐terminal labelling using maleic anhydride has greater potential for application in proteomics than any other labelling methods.
Optimization of measuring procedure of farmland soils using laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Xuebin , Du Changwen , Ma Fei , Shen Yazhen , Zhang Yiqiang , Zhou Jianmin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLaser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an emerging multi‐elemental analytical technique offering fast and simultaneous quantification of soil properties with minimal sample preparation and effective cost. Due to soil heterogeneity, spectral variation however limits the quantitative robustness. In this study, 348 soil samples were collected and prepared for acquisition of LIBS spectra. Influences of shot layer and number on LIBS quality were evaluated by spectral intensity and relative standard deviation (RSD). Effects of shot layer and number and five normalization procedures on LIBS ability to measure soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), and total soluble salt content (TSC), were evaluated using partial least squares regression (PLSR). Increasing shot number reduced LIBS spectral variance, thereby improving the quantitative accuracy of selected soil properties. Deep shot layers (4th or 5th shot layers) reduced the intensities of soil spectra and thereby decreased the quantitative accuracy for TSC. However, deep shot layers improved the SOM and TN prediction performances. Among the normalization approaches, the method based on the correction of Si line (DS) showed superior performance for improving quantitation of SOM and TN. The arithmetic average method (AA) was best for TSC prediction. Optimization of shot layer, number and normalization procedures of LIBS spectra resulted in fair prediction of SOM (residual prediction deviation of validation set, RPDV = 1.608), good prediction of TN (RPDV = 1.836), and very good quantitative analysis of TSC (RPDV = 2.456). Therefore, our findings illustrate very good potential for improving the quantitative accuracy of the LIBS soil spectra.
Soil carbon and nitrogen fractions after 19 years of farming systems research in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J. , Reberg‐Horton S. Chris , Creamer Nancy G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLong‐term agricultural experiments in the Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States are needed to understand biogeochemical processes and design better systems to overcome a changing climate and other perturbations. We determined a suite of soil organic C and N fractions after 19 yr of management from a diverse farming system project in Goldsboro, NC. Soil was collected at 0‐ to 6‐, 6‐ to 12‐, and 12‐ to 20‐cm depth increments from 14 treatments that were subsets of five overarching treatments of conventional cropping, integrated crop–livestock systems, organic cropping, plantation forestry, and old‐field successional land use. Surface residue C and N were greater with woody (i.e. plantation forestry and successional) than with cropping systems (7,491 and 2,896 kg C ha−1, respectively; 138 and 60 kg N ha−1, respectively). Soil‐test biological activity was greater with alternative cropping (i.e. integrated crop–livestock and organic systems) than conventional cropping (314 vs. 220 kg CO2–C ha−1 3 d−1, respectively). An integrated crop–livestock system with grazed pasture in long rotations with crops had greater net N mineralization than hayed forage in shorter rotations (111 vs. 92 kg N ha−1 24 d−1, respectively). Total organic C and particulate organic N concentrations were highly stratified with depth, but stocks were not different between conventional and no‐till cropping when summed to 20 cm. We conclude that alternative cropping systems with forage‐based rotations, limited tillage, and organic inputs can create long‐lasting improvements in soil organic C and N fractions than conventional agricultural and more naturalized systems.
BAREB: A Bayesian repulsive biclustering model for periodontal data
Authors: Li Yuliang , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar , Xie Fangzheng , Xu Yanxun 
Published: April 2020

SummaryPreventing periodontal diseases (PD) and maintaining the structure and function of teeth are important goals for personal oral care. To understand the heterogeneity in patients with diverse PD patterns, we develop a Bayesian repulsive biclustering method that can simultaneously cluster the PD patients and their tooth sites after taking the patient‐ and site‐level covariates into consideration. BAREB uses the determinantal point process prior to induce diversity among different biclusters to facilitate parsimony and interpretability. Since PD progression is hypothesized to be spatially referenced, BAREB factors in the spatial dependence among tooth sites. In addition, since PD is the leading cause for tooth loss, the missing data mechanism is nonignorable. Such nonrandom missingness is incorporated into BAREB. For the posterior inference, we design an efficient reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler. Simulation studies show that BAREB is able to accurately estimate the biclusters, and compares favorably to alternatives. For real world application, we apply BAREB to a dataset from a clinical PD study, and obtain desirable and interpretable results. A major contribution of this article is theRcppimplementation of our methodology, available in theRpackageBAREB.
Lin28 reprograms inner ear glia to a neuronal fate
Authors: Kempfle Judith S. , Luu Ngoc-Nhi C. , Petrillo Marco , Al-Asad Reef , Zhang Andrea , Edge Albert S. B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSensorineural hearing loss is irreversible and can be caused by loss of auditory neurons. Regeneration of neural cells from endogenous cells may offer a future tool to restore the auditory circuit and to enhance the performance of implantable hearing devices. Neurons and glial cells in the peripheral nervous system are closely related and originate from a common progenitor. Prior work in our lab indicated that in the early postnatal mouse inner ear, proteolipid protein 1 (Plp1) expressing glial cells could act as progenitor cells for neurons in vitro. Here, we used a transgenic mouse model to transiently overexpress Lin28, a neural stem cell regulator, in Plp1-positive glial cells. Lin28 promoted proliferation and conversion of auditory glial cells into neurons in vitro. To study the effects of Lin28 on endogenous glial cells after loss of auditory neurons in vivo, we produced a model of auditory neuropathy by selectively damaging auditory neurons with ouabain. After neural damage was confirmed by the auditory brainstem response, we briefly upregulated the Lin28 in Plp1-expressing inner ear glial cells. One month later, we analyzed the cochlea for neural marker expression by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. We found that transient Lin28 overexpression in Plp1-expressing glial cells induced expression of neural stem cell markers and subsequent conversion into neurons. This suggests the potential for inner ear glia to be converted into neurons as a regeneration therapy for neural replacement in auditory neuropathy.
Bone morphogenetic protein signaling regulates Id1-mediated neural stem cell quiescence in the adult zebrafish brain via a phylogenetically conserved enhancer module
Authors: Zhang Gaoqun , Ferg Marco , Lübke Luisa , Takamiya Masanari , Beil Tanja , Gourain Victor , Diotel Nicolas , Strähle Uwe , Rastegar Sepand 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the telencephalon of adult zebrafish, the inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (id1) gene is expressed in radial glial cells (RGCs), behaving as neural stem cells (NSCs), during constitutive and regenerative neurogenesis. Id1 controls the balance between resting and proliferating states of RGCs by promoting quiescence. Here, we identified a phylogenetically conserved cis-regulatory module (CRM) mediating the specific expression of id1 in RGCs. Systematic deletion mapping and mutation of conserved transcription factor binding sites in stable transgenic zebrafish lines reveal that this CRM operates via conserved smad1/5 and 4 binding motifs under both homeostatic and regenerative conditions. Transcriptome analysis of injured and uninjured telencephala as well as pharmacological inhibition experiments identify a crucial role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling for the function of the CRM. Our data highlight that BMP signals control id1 expression and thus NSC proliferation during constitutive and induced neurogenesis.
Evaluation of growth performance on family breeding of the Leizhou Black Duck: A preliminary study
Authors: Asiamah Collins , Xue Yuan , Lu Li‐li , Zou Kun , Zhao Zhihui , Su Ying 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study determined the growth performance, correlations of linear body dimensions, slaughter performance and the fitting model of two generations of Leizhou Black Ducks. Fifteen (15) male and 225 female parents forming generation 0 were selected from the Leizhou duck population. Fifteen (15) families were created in the ratio of 1 male:15 females. Eggs from all the families were collected and numbered according to the family. Generation 1 ducklings were selected and grouped into families in the same ratio. Body weights (BWs) and linear body dimensions were recorded every 2 weeks from weeks 0 to 16. Logistic, Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy models were employed to ascertain the growth model of both sexes of Leizhou Black Ducks. Except for weeks 0–2, generation 1 families had greater BWs than the generation 0 families (p < .05). Males from both generations had significantly higher (p < .01) BWs than females at 16 weeks old. Significant positive correlations were observed between BWs and measured body dimensions for both sexes except for between BW and pelvis width (PW) where negative correlations (p > .05) were observed for males at week 10 and females at 16 weeks old. There was a significant negative correlation (p < .01) between body length and PW in males at 10 weeks. The accuracy rate of Logistic, Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy models was at 0.972 and similar was obtained by all three models with Von Bertalanffy being the best model. Live weight of generation 1 before slaughter was significantly higher (p < .01) than generation 0, whereas no significant differences were seen in the other carcass traits. These findings provide insights into breeding Leizhou Black Duck to enhance growth performance and hybrid production.
On the extremal compatible linear connection of a Randers space
Authors: Vincze Csaba , Oláh Márk 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA linear connection on a Finsler manifold is called compatible to the metric if its parallel transports preserve the Finslerian length of tangent vectors. Generalized Berwald manifolds are Finsler manifolds equipped with a compatible linear connection. Since the compatibility to the Finslerian metric does not imply the unicity of the linear connection in general, the first step of checking the existence of compatible linear connections on a Finsler manifold is to choose the best one to look for. A reasonable choice is introduced in Vincze (J Differ Geom Appl, 2019. arXiv:1909.03096) called the extremal compatible linear connection, which has torsion of minimal norm at each point. Randers metrics are special Finsler metrics that can be written as the sum of a Riemannian metric and a 1-form (they are “translates” of Riemannian metrics). In this paper, we investigate the compatibility equations for a linear connection to a Randers metric. Since a compatible linear connection is uniquely determined by its torsion, we transform the compatibility equations by taking the torsion components as variables. We determine when these equations have solutions, i.e. when the Randers space becomes a generalized Berwald space admitting a compatible linear connection. Describing all of them, we can select the extremal connection with the norm minimizing property. As a consequence, we obtain the characterization theorem in Vincze (Indag Math 26(2):363–379, 2014): a Randers space is a non-Riemannian generalized Berwald space if and only if the norm of the perturbating term with respect to the Riemannian part of the metric is a positive constant.
Symptomatische Hodenmetastase eines azinären Adenokarzinoms der Prostata
Authors: Kollitsch L. , Hamann C. , Knüpfer S. , Meyer D. , Kneissl P. , Jüttner E. , Osmonov D. 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über den äußerst seltenen Fall einer symptomatischen testikulären Metastasierung durch ein azinäres Adenokarzinom der Prostata. Bislang wurden Hodenmetastasen von Prostatakarzinomen (PCa) meist nur zufällig im Rahmen von therapeutischen Orchiektomien oder Autopsien entdeckt. Insgesamt wurden in der Literatur nur wenige klinische und v. a. symptomatische Fälle beschrieben. Trotz des raren Auftretens von Hodenmetastasen sollte bei fortgeschrittenen PCa differentialdiagnostisch an die Möglichkeit einer solchen Metastasierung gedacht werden.
Fluid and metal sources in the Fäboliden hypozonal orogenic gold deposit, Sweden
Authors: Bark Glenn , Boyce Adrian J. , Fallick Anthony E. , Weihed Pär 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo model the formation of orogenic gold deposits, in a global perspective, it is important to understand the ore-forming conditions not only for deposits hosted in greenschist facies rocks but also in amphibolite facies. The Paleoproterozoic Fäboliden deposit in northern Sweden belongs to the globally rare hypozonal group of orogenic gold deposits and, as such, constitutes a key addition to the understanding of amphibolite facies orogenic gold deposits. The Fäboliden deposit is characterized by auriferous arsenopyrite-rich quartz veins, hosted by amphibolite facies supracrustal rocks and controlled by a roughly N-striking shear zone. Gold is closely associated with arsenopyrite-löllingite and stibnite, and commonly found in fractures and as inclusions in the arsenopyrite-löllingite grains. The timing of mineralization is estimated from geothermometric data and field relations at c. 1.8 Ga. In order to constrain the origin of gold-bearing fluids in the Fäboliden deposit, oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur isotope studies were undertaken. δ18O from quartz in veins shows a narrow range of + 10.6 to + 13.1‰. δD from biotite ranges between − 120 and − 67‰, with most data between − 95 and − 67‰. δ34S in arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite ranges from − 0.9 and + 3.6‰ and from − 1.5 and + 1.9‰, respectively. These stable isotope data, interpreted in the context of the regional and local geology and the estimated timing of mineralization, suggest that the sulfur- and gold-bearing fluid was generated from deep-crustal sedimentary rocks during decompressional uplift, late in the orogenic evolution of the area. At the site of gold ore formation, an 18O-enriched magmatic fluid possibly interacted with the auriferous fluid, causing precipitation of Au and the formation of the Fäboliden hypozonal orogenic gold deposit.
BDS-3 differential code bias estimation with undifferenced uncombined model based on triple-frequency observation
Authors: Gu Shengfeng , Wang YinTong , Zhao Qile , Zheng Fu , Gong Xiaopeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSince 2015, the new generation global BDS system, i.e., BDS-3, has started its development with five experimental satellites demonstration system and has announced its initial global service officially on December 27, 2018. Among the various characteristics to be analyzed for the new generation BDS satellites, the differential code bias (DCB) is of special attention since that it has a direct dependence on the new signals, i.e., B1C and B2a, and it is one of the most intricacy problems in the ionosphere sensing and positioning with multi-GNSS and multi-frequency observations. To take the full capability of the triple-frequency BDS signals, this paper proposed a new method for the DCB estimation in which the undifferenced uncombined observations are processed in PPP mode. In addition, with the intention to estimate all the unknowns, including the DCB, in a single filter, the DESIGN (deterministic plus stochastic ionosphere model for GNSS) method is applied for the ionospheric delay constrains in this method. In the formula derivation, special attention is given to the DCB and clock parameters due to different frequencies for B1I/B1C, etc. Then, the efficiency of the new method is assessed with observations of 23 iGMAS stations capable for BDS triple-frequency tracking and 21 IGS stations capable for GPS triple-frequency tracking during DOY 001 to 090, 2019. Moreover, the traditional DCB estimation method by employing the geometry-free (GF) combination with the ionospheric delay removed by global ionosphere map product is also performed for comparison purpose. The experimental results suggest that by using the undifferenced uncombined solution, rather than the GF combination, the BDS-2 DCB on B1IB2I and B1CB3I can be improved, especially for the MEO satellites. Regarding to the DLR products, the undifferenced uncombined DCB solution presents a RMS of 0.32 ns and 0.27 ns for B1IB2I and B1CB3I, respectively. Concerning the BDS-3 satellites DCB, it is GF combination that performs better by a factor of $$12.7\%$$12.7% and $$15.2\%$$15.2% for B1CB2a and B1CB3I, respectively. This is mainly due to the fact that the undifferenced uncombined DCB solution is sensitive to the limited precision of the BDS-3 orbit and clock. This conclusion is further confirmed by the improvement in the GPS DCB solution with the new method. Compared with the GF combination solution, the STD for daily repeatability improves from 0.088 to 0.061 ns and 0.119 to 0.090 ns for satellite on C1WC2W and C1WC5X, respectively, by using the undifferenced uncombined model.
MEK-Inhibitor-assoziierte Retinopathie unter Binimetinib-Therapie bei kutanem malignem Melanom
Authors: Groselli S. , Heinrich D. , Lohmann C. P. , Maier M. 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlungsmöglichkeiten für Patienten mit metastasierendem Melanom (MM) wurden in den letzten Jahren mit der Zulassung von neuen Medikamenten dramatisch erweitert. Die MEK(mitogen-aktivierte Proteinkinase-Kinasen)- und BRAF(Serin/Threonin-Kinase B-Raf kodierendes Gen)-Hemmer-Kombinationstherapie gehört aktuell zum Versorgungsstandard für das Stadium IIIC/IV des BRAF-mutierten Melanoms. MEKAR (MEK-Inhibitor-assoziierte Retinopathie) werden bei Patienten mit metastasierendem Melanom beobachtet, die mit einer solchen Kombinationstherapie behandelt werden bzw. wurden. Wir berichten über den Fall eines 72-jährigen Patienten, der eine solche Pathologie unter der Therapie mit Binimetinib in Kombination mit Nivolumab erlitt. Diese Kasuistik verdeutlicht die Wichtigkeit einer interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit bei der Behandlung von MM-Patienten.
Prävalenz kognitiver Beeinträchtigungen in der pflegerischen Akutversorgung – Analyse und Vergleich von Routinedaten
Authors: Mai Tobias , Flerchinger Christa 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundAufgrund des demografischen Wandels ist von einer zunehmenden Prävalenz stationärer Patienten mit kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen auszugehen. Für eine bestmögliche Versorgung gilt es, diese Patientengruppe mit einem routinemäßigen Verfahren frühzeitig zu erkennen.MethodeDie aktuelle Studie untersuchte die Prävalenzrate von kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen bei stationären Patienten >65 Jahre, die mit dem Mini-Mental-Status-Test (MMST) während der pflegerischen Aufnahme untersucht wurden. Anhand der Screeningquote wurde die Bereitschaft von Pflegekräften, den MMST als Routineinstrument zu verwenden, überprüft. Die Quote wurde zudem mit der Anzahl der kodierten F‑Diagnosen der ICD-10-GM verglichen. Diese retrospektive Studie wurde vom Oktober 2018 bis März 2019 an einer Universitätsklinik durchgeführt.ErgebnisseVon 7311 stationären Patienten >65 Jahre wurden 11,7 % gescreent. Die Prävalenz kognitiver Beeinträchtigungen betrug 20,7 % und war höher als die Prävalenzrate von Demenz und Delir aufgrund medizinischer Diagnosen (p < 0,001). Mit 11,7 % ist die Bereitschaft des Pflegepersonals, den MMST zur Einschätzung kognitiver Beeinträchtigungen während der Patientenaufnahmen einzusetzen, gering.DiskussionDie höhere Prävalenz bestätigt die Notwendigkeit, Patienten mit kognitiven Störungen zu erkennen. Die geringe Bereitschaft, den MMST anzuwenden, legt jedoch nahe, dass zum einen ein kürzeres Instrument verwendet und zum anderen Pflegenden mehr Informationen zu kognitiv beeinträchtigten Patienten vermittelt werden sollten.