bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of low‐dose aspirin on health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Demurtas Jacopo , Thompson Trevor , Solmi Marco , Pesolillo Gabriella , Celotto Stefano , Barnini Tommaso , Stubbs Brendon , Maggi Stefania , Pilotto Alberto , Onder Graziano , Theodoratou Evropi , Vaona Alberto , Firth Joseph , Smith Lee , Koyanagi Ai , Ioannidis John P.A. , Tzoulaki Ioanna 
Published: June 2020

AimsThis study aimed to use an umbrella review methodology to capture the range of outcomes that were associated with low‐dose aspirin and to systematically assess the credibility of this evidence.MethodsAspirin is associated with several health outcomes, but the overall benefit/risk balance related to aspirin use is unclear. We searched three major databases up to 15 August 2019 for meta‐analyses of observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including low‐dose aspirin compared to placebo or other treatments. Based on random‐effects summary effect sizes, 95% prediction intervals, heterogeneity, small‐study effects and excess significance, significant meta‐analyses of observational studies were classified from convincing (class I) to weak (class IV). For meta‐analyses of RCTs, outcomes with random effects P‐value < .005 and a moderate/high GRADE assessment, were classified as strong evidence. From 6802 hits, 67 meta‐analyses (156 outcomes) were eligible.ResultsObservational data showed highly suggestive evidence for aspirin use and increased risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (RR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.97–2.64). In RCTs of low‐dose aspirin, we observed strong evidence for lower risk of CVD in people without CVD (RR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.79–0.87) and in general population (RR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.79–0.89), higher risk of major gastrointestinal (RR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.26–1.72) and intracranial bleeding (RR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.18–1.53), and of major bleedings in people without CVD (RR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.26–2.08).ConclusionCompared to other active medications, low‐dose aspirin had strong evidence for lower risk of bleeding, but also lower comparative efficacy. Low‐dose aspirin significantly lowers CVD risk and increases risk of bleeding. Evidence for multiple other health outcomes is limited.
Anti‐Hla donor‐specific antibody monitoring in pancreas transplantation: Role of protocol biopsies
Authors: Uva Pablo Daniel , Quevedo Alejandra , Roses Josefina , Toniolo María Fernanda , Pilotti Roxana , Chuluyan Eduardo , Casadei Domingo H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn kidney transplantation, de novo donor‐specific antibodies (DSA) correlate with poor graft survival, and Consensus Guidelines recommend a protocol biopsy. In pancreas transplantation, DSA are also associated with poor graft outcomes; however, there are no recommendations on protocol biopsies. We started an antibody screening protocol on pancreas transplant patients at 0, 3, 6, 12 months, and yearly. Patients with DSA or high MFI non‐DSA were considered for protocol biopsies of both organs. Results: 143 pancreas recipients were screened. 84 patients had negative antibodies throughout the study, 11 patients were found to have antibodies at graft dysfunction, and 48 patients had positive antibodies at screening without acute organ dysfunction (study group). Among the 30 non‐DSA patients, 9 had protocol simultaneous pancreas and kidney biopsies performed with negative results in all of them. In contrast, among the 18 DSA patients, 15 had these biopsies performed, and 47% presented with subclinical rejection of the kidney, the pancreas, or both. In addition, some of the DSA patients without a protocol biopsy presented with rejection during the first 15 months of follow‐up. Conclusion: We conclude that protocol biopsies of both grafts may play a role in the follow‐up of pancreas transplant patients with de novo DSA appearance.
A case of classical Hodgkin lymphoma‐type of Richter transformation with prolonged survival: Fine needle aspiration findings and mimickers
Authors: da Mata Sara , Melo Daniel , Barroca Helena 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe reported case regards a rare and diagnostically challenging case of Hodgkin lymphoma‐type of Richter transformation in which cytology played a crucial role. The authors discuss the differential diagnosis, highlighting the differences between chronic lymphocytic leukemia with Reed Sternberg cells and Hodgkin lymphoma‐type Richter transformation.
Assessing adaptive and plastic responses in growth and functional traits in a 10‐year‐old common garden experiment with pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) suggests that directional selection can drive climatic adaptation
Authors: George Jan‐Peter , Theroux‐Rancourt Guillaume , Rungwattana Kanin , Scheffknecht Susanne , Momirovic Nevena , Neuhauser Lea , Weißenbacher Lambert , Watzinger Andrea , Hietz Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how tree species will respond to a future climate requires reliable and quantitative estimates of intra‐specific variation under current climate conditions. We studied three 10‐year‐old common garden experiments established across a rainfall and drought gradient planted with nearly 10,000 pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) trees from ten provenances with known family structure. We aimed at disentangling adaptive and plastic responses for growth (height and diameter at breast height) as well as for leaf and wood functional traits related to adaptation to dry environments. We used restricted maximum likelihood approaches to assess additive genetic variation expressed as narrow‐sense heritability (h2), quantitative trait differentiation among provenances (QST), and genotype‐by‐environment interactions (GxE). We found strong and significant patterns of local adaptation in growth in all three common gardens, suggesting that transfer of seed material should not exceed a climatic distance of approximately 1°C under current climatic conditions, while transfer along precipitation gradients seems to be less stringent. Moreover, heritability reached 0.64 for tree height and 0.67 for dbh at the dry margin of the testing spectrum, suggesting significant additive genetic variation of potential use for future selection and tree breeding. GxE interactions in growth were significant and explained less phenotypic variation than origin of seed source (4% versus 10%). Functional trait variation among provenances was partly related to drought regimes at provenances origins but had moderate explanatory power for growth. We conclude that directional selection, either naturally or through breeding, is the most likely and feasible outcome for pedunculate oak to adapt to warmer and drier climate conditions in the future.
Ecofriendly synthesis of MWCNTs by electric arc in aqueous medium: Comparative study of 6B pencil and mineral graphite
Authors: Kaufmann Claudir Gabriel , Zampiva Rúbia Young Sun , Arcaro Sabrina , Wermuth Tiago Bender , Anzanello Michel J. , Acauan Luiz Henrique , Alves Annelise Kopp , Bergmann Carlos Pérez , Mortari Sergio Roberto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by electric arc discharge (EA) usually applies pure mineral graphite (PMG) as the precursor electrode due to its high‐purity and conductivity. This work investigated the versatility of EA in aqueous medium for the production of CNTs by varying the electrodes purity degree. In this way, a variety of domestic and industrial graphite waste can be recycled into high‐quality CNTs by adjusting the EA parameters. CNTs were synthesized using 6B pencil (6BP, ~57% graphite) and their quality and quantity were compared to the PMG (99.995%) production. PMG led to short CNTs (ID/IG 0.266), while the synthesis with 6BP led to long CNTs (ID/IG 0.428). The 6BP CNTs showed elevated quality for application in the electronic, biomedical, and optical fields.
Thermodynamics and kinetics of sintering of Y2O3
Authors: Nakajima Kimiko , Castro Ricardo H. R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSurface energy (γS) and grain boundary energy (γGB) of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) were determined by analyzing the heat of sintering (ΔHsintering) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The data allowed quantification of sintering driving forces, which when combined with a thorough kinetic analysis of the process, provide better understanding of Y2O3 densification as well as insights into effective strategies to improve its sinterability. The quantitative thermodynamic study revealed moderate thermodynamic driving force for densification in Y2O3 (as compared to other oxides) represented by a dihedral angle of 152.7° calculated from its surface and grain boundary energies. The activation energy was determined as 307 ± 61 kJ/mol, consistent with activation energies previously reported for processes relevant to sintering of Y2O3, such as Y3+ diffusion and grain boundary mobility. Finally, we propose that a refined deconvolution study on the DSC curve for Y2O3 sintering, combined with the associated material's microstructure evolution, may help identify shifts in sintering mechanisms, and therefore, specific activation energies at increasing temperatures.
The proportion of understaffing and increased nursing workload are associated with multiple organ failure: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jansson Miia , Ohtonen Pasi , Syrjälä Hannu , Ala‐Kokko Tero 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo determine whether nurse staffing and nursing workload are associated with multiple organ failure and mortality.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThis study was conducted in a single tertiary‐level teaching hospital during 2008–2017. The association between nurse staffing, nursing workload and prognosis was determined using daily nurse‐to‐patient ratios, Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System scores, Intensive Care Nursing Scoring System scores and Intensive Care Nursing Scoring System indexes. In addition, the timing of intensive care unit admission was considered. Multiple organ failure was defined according to the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score.ResultsDuring the study period, 10,230 patients were included in the final analysis. Generally, the mean daily highest Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System score and Intensive Care Nursing Scoring System score were significantly higher in patients with multiple organ failure and in non‐survivors. The proportion of understaffing was significantly more common in patients with multiple organ failure than in those without. The mean daily lowest nurse‐to‐patient ratio and the mean daily highest Intensive Care Nursing Scoring System index did not differ between survivors and non‐survivors. The levels of nursing associated with workload and understaffing were at their worst on weekends.ConclusionsThe proportion of understaffing and increased nursing workload are associated with multiple organ failure, demonstrating that an adequate level of nurse staffing in relation to patient complexity is a prerequisite for the availability and quality of critical care services. The proportion of understaffing did not differ between survivors and non‐survivors.ImpactThis is the first study that evaluates nurse staffing and nursing workload as potential risk factors for multiple organ failure and mortality. There is a need to ensure that intensive care units are consistently staffed based on real patient needs, 7 days a week and that personnel and services are available at all times for high‐risk patients.
Application of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes and their drug‐loading systems in acute liver failure
Authors: Zhang Shuqin , Hou Yu , Yang Jing , Xie Denghui , Jiang Linrui , Hu Huazhong , Hu Jingjing , Luo Caizhu , Zhang Qun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStem cell exosomes are nanoscale membrane vesicles released from stem cells of various origins that can regulate signal transduction pathways between liver cells, and their functions in intercellular communication have been recognized. Due to their natural substance transport properties and excellent biocompatibility, exosomes can also be used as drug carriers to release a variety of substances, which has great prospects in the treatment of critical and incurable diseases. Different types of stem cell exosomes have been used to study liver diseases. Due to current difficulties in the treatment of acute liver failure (ALF), this review will outline the potential of stem cell exosomes for ALF treatment. Specifically, we reviewed the pathogenesis of acute liver failure and the latest progress in the use of stem cell exosomes in the treatment of ALF, including the role of exosomes in inhibiting the ALF inflammatory response and regulating signal transduction pathways, the advantages of stem cell exosomes and their use as a drug‐loading system, and their pre‐clinical application in the treatment of ALF. Finally, the clinical research status of stem cell therapy for ALF and the current challenges of exosome clinical transformation are summarized.
A qualitative study exploring the experience of viewing three‐dimensional medical images during an orthopaedic outpatient consultation from the perspective of patients, health care professionals, and lay representatives
Authors: Phelps Emma E. , Wellings Richard , Kunar Melina , Hutchinson Charles , Griffiths Frances 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThree‐dimensional (3D) medical images are shown to patients during clinical consultations about certain health conditions. However, little is known about patients' experience of viewing them. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the impact of sharing 3D medical images with patients during a clinical consultation about hip surgery, from the perspective of patients, health care professionals, and lay representatives.MethodInterviews were conducted with 14 patients who were shown their own 3D medical images during their clinical consultation and four health care professionals conducting consultations within one orthopaedic outpatient clinic. In addition to interviews, 31 lay representatives participated in six focus groups. The focus groups aimed to gain a broader understanding of the advantages and concerns of showing patients their medical images and to compare 3D and two‐dimensional (2D) medical images. Interviews and focus groups were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were developed from the data: (a) the truthful image, (b) the empowering image, and (c) the unhelpful image. Focus group participants' preference for 3D or 2D images varied between conditions and groups, suggesting that the experience of viewing images may differ between individuals and conditions.ConclusionsWhen shown to patients during an orthopaedic clinical consultation, 3D medical images may be an empowering resource. However, in this study, patients and focus group participants perceived medical images as factual and believed they could provide evidence of a diagnoses. This perception could result in overreliance in imaging tests or disregard for other forms of information.
An updated geographic distribution of Myxobolus cerebralis (Hofer, 1903) (Bivalvulida: Myxobolidae) and the first diagnosed case of whirling disease in wild‐caught trout in the south‐eastern United States
Authors: Ksepka Steven P. , Rash Jacob M. , Simcox Brandon L. , Besler Doug A. , Dutton Haley R. , Warren Micah B. , Bullard Stephen A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMyxobolus cerebralis (Bivalvulida: Myxobolidae), the aetiological agent of salmonid whirling disease, was detected in 2 river basins of North Carolina during 2015, which initiated the largest spatial–temporal monitoring project for the disease ever conducted within the south‐eastern United States (focused mainly in eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina). A total of 2072 rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, 1,004 brown trout Salmo trutta and 468 brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis were screened from 113 localities within 7 river basins during June 2017 through October 2019. Infections were detected by pepsin–trypsin digest, microscopy and the species‐specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 19 localities across 6 river basins. Myxospore morphology was indistinguishable from the published literature. In 2019, five rainbow trout that symptomatic for whirling disease (sloping neurocranium and lordosis) were captured and processed for histopathology. Myxospores were detected in the calvarial cartilage of two deformed trout with associated erosion of the cartilage consistent with reported whirling disease lesions. This is the first report of M. cerebralis in Tennessee and the first histologically confirmed cases of whirling disease in southern Appalachian (south‐eastern United States) rivers and streams and expands the distribution of M. cerebralis throughout western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee.
The right tool for the job: problems and solutions in visualizing sociological theory
Authors: Brett Gordon , Silver Daniel , Beelen Kaspar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe visualization of social theory is an important part of the development and communication of our theoretical ideas. While most theorists use figures of some kind, few if any have formal training, or guiding rules or principles for the representation of theory. This has often led to poor visualization efforts, and the visual culture of sociology continues to lag behind the natural sciences. The intent of this paper is to serve as a practical and empirically aided guide for social theorists, by providing insights surrounding the cognitive and perceptual properties of certain elements and figures. Through these properties we identify four major problems in theory visualization: vagueness, reduction, unwanted spatial inferences and unwanted metaphorical inferences. We offer solutions to these problems, and to improving theory visualization more generally. Our hope is that this paper will serve as a resource for more thoughtful and informed visualization for practicing social theorists.
Potential of ileal bile acid transporter inhibition as a therapeutic target in Alagille syndrome and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis
Authors: Kamath Binita M. , Stein Philip , Houwen Roderick H. J. , Verkade Henkjan J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlagille syndrome (ALGS) and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) are rare, inherited cholestatic liver disorders that manifest in infants and children and are associated with impaired bile flow (ie cholestasis), pruritus and potentially fatal liver disease. There are no effective or approved pharmacologic treatments for these diseases (standard medical treatments are supportive only), and new, noninvasive options would be valuable. Typically, bile acids undergo biliary secretion and intestinal reabsorption (ie enterohepatic circulation). However, in these diseases, disrupted secretion of bile acids leads to their accumulation in the liver, which is thought to underlie pruritus and liver‐damaging inflammation. One approach to reducing pathologic bile acid accumulation in the body is surgical biliary diversion, which interrupts the enterohepatic circulation (eg by diverting bile acids to an external stoma). These procedures can normalize serum bile acids, reduce pruritus and liver injury and improve quality of life. A novel, nonsurgical approach to interrupting the enterohepatic circulation is inhibition of the ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT), a key molecule in the enterohepatic circulation that reabsorbs bile acids from the intestine. IBAT inhibition has been shown to reduce serum bile acids and pruritus in trials of paediatric cholestatic liver diseases. This review explores the rationale of inhibition of the IBAT as a therapeutic target, describes IBAT inhibitors in development and summarizes the current data on interrupting the enterohepatic circulation as treatment for cholestatic liver diseases including ALGS and PFIC.
Role of recombinant Aspergillus fumigatus antigens in diagnosing Aspergillus sensitisation among asthmatics
Authors: Muthu Valliappan , Singh Pawan , Choudhary Hansraj , Dhooria Sahajal , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Aggarwal Ashutosh Nath , Garg Mandeep , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Agarwal Ritesh 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe diagnosis of Aspergillus‐sensitised asthma (ASA) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is made using IgE against crude antigens of A fumigatus (cAsp). However, the IgE against cAsp has limitations due to cross‐reactivity with other fungi.ObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of recombinant A fumigatus (rAsp) antigens in detecting ASA and their role in differentiating true from cross‐sensitisation.MethodsWe performed IgE against rAsp (f 1, f 2, f 3, f 4 and f 6), cAsp and other fungal (Alternaria, Candida, Cladosporium, Malassezia and Trichophyton) antigens in subjects with A fumigatus‐unsensitised asthma (Af‐UA [n = 51]), ASA (n = 71) and ABPA (n = 123). The diagnoses were made using cAsp‐IgE and compared using rAsp‐IgE. Subjects with elevated cAsp‐IgE, but negative rAsp f 1 and f 2, were presumed to lack true A fumigatus sensitisation.ResultsThe prevalence of any rAsp antigen positivity (cut‐off, 0.35 kUA/L) varied from 2%‐22%, 32%‐73% and 84%‐98% for Af‐UA, ASA and ABPA, respectively. The prevalence of sensitisation to other fungi ranged from 29%‐65%, 59%‐85% and 87%‐95%, respectively, among subjects with Af‐UA, ASA and ABPA. Nineteen subjects of ASA and one subject with ABPA were positive with cAsp‐IgE but negative for rAsp f 1 and f 2 and were also cross‐sensitised to at least one of the other fungi. Five subjects of Af‐UA (cAsp‐IgE negative) were rAsp f 1 or f 2 positive.ConclusionsCrude Aspergillus antigens may misclassify Aspergillus sensitisation among asthmatics. IgE against rAsp antigens (f 1 and f 2) potentially detect true Aspergillus sensitisation and could be used for this purpose.
Evolution of Class II TCP genes in perianth bearing Piperales and their contribution to the bilateral calyx in Aristolochia
Authors: Pabón‐Mora Natalia , Madrigal Yesenia , Alzate Juan F. , Ambrose Barbara A. , Ferrándiz Cristina , Wanke Stefan , Neinhuis Christoph , González Favio 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Controlled spatiotemporal cell division and expansion are responsible for floral bilateral symmetry. Genetic studies have pointed to class II TCP genes as major regulators of cell division and floral patterning in model core eudicots.

Here we study their evolution in perianth‐bearing Piperales and their expression in Aristolochia, a rare occurrence of bilateral perianth outside eudicots and monocots.

The evolution of class II TCP genes reveals single‐copy CYCLOIDEA‐like genes and three paralogs of CINCINNATA (CIN) in early diverging angiosperms. All class II TCP genes have independently duplicated in Aristolochia subgenus Siphisia. Also CIN2 genes duplicated before the diversification of Saruma and Asarum. Sequence analysis shows that CIN1 and CIN3 share motifs with Cyclin proteins and CIN2 genes have lost the miRNA319a binding site.

Expression analyses of all paralogs of class II TCP genes in Aristolochia fimbriata point to a role of CYC and CIN genes in maintaining differential perianth expansion during mid‐ and late flower developmental stages by promoting cell division in the distal and ventral portion of the limb. It is likely that class II TCP genes also contribute to cell division in the leaf, the gynoecium and the ovules in A. fimbriata.