bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Framing Agri‐Digital Governance: Industry Stakeholders, Technological Frames and Smart Farming Implementation
Authors: Higgins Vaughan , Bryant Melanie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMeso‐scale actors – such as farm advisors and other extension agents – are increasingly recognised as playing a critical role in managing farmer uncertainty associated with smart farming implementation. However, there has been limited research to date on how these actors navigate smart farming implementation within specific industries or commodity sectors. This article applies theoretical insights from the technological frames literature to investigate how meso‐scale actors in the Australian rice industry frame smart farming technology implementation, and the ways in which relationships between frames variously afford and/or constrain industry sovereignty over implementation of technological change. Through analysis of our data, we reveal a complex relationship between participants’ technological frames involving frame incongruence, frame ambivalence and frame switching. We argue that while development of a more integrated approach to enhancing the digital capacities of meso‐scale actors advocated in the literature provides a way of addressing frame incongruence, more flexible strategies may be needed to address frame ambivalence and switching. Furthermore, we contend that those frame relationships supporting industry sovereignty – namely frame ambivalence and switching – may not always be conducive to the promotion of digital agency among meso‐scale actors, and could in fact impose limits on smart farming implementation.
Effects of Time-Varying Mass on Stability of High-Voltage Conductor in Rain–Wind Condition
Authors: Zhou Chao , Yin Jiaqi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Although unanticipated low-frequency vibrations frequently happen on high-voltage conductors under the simultaneous occurrence of wind and rain, the source of these vibrations is not well known. Many studies focus on the impact of rain loads on the high-voltage conductor but very few examine the effects of time-varying mass. Raindrops hitting high-voltage conductors may partially stay on their surface and form rivulets or ridges. As the adhered raindrops may be blown or shaken off, the mass of the rivulets will vary with time. In order to investigate how the time-varying mass of the rivulets affects conductor motion, an analytical model with time-varying mass is established, which leads to the statement of an instability criterion. The vibration characteristics and instability of a high-voltage conductor with fixed and movable rivulet are discussed. The results show that the time-varying mass ratio may affect the peak vibration amplitude, and the unstable zone of the conductor with moveable upper rivulet is much wider than that with fixed upper rivulet, and the rain–wind-induced vibration occurs more easily than Den Hartog galloping. Such comparative studies may prove valuable as they enhance the understanding of the mechanism of the rain–wind induced instability of the high-voltage conductors.
Effects of Electropulsing Treatment on the Element Diffusion Between Ti6Al4V and Commercially Pure Titanium
Authors: Li Xia’nan , Xu Zhutian , Huang Jihui , Peng Linfa , Guo Ping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrevious studies show that the phase transition temperature of Ti6Al4V can be effectively reduced by electropulsing treatment, which may be related to the promotion effect of current on element diffusion. In order to verify the above conjecture, the diffusion experiments of the Ti6Al4V-pure titanium system under the action of electropulsing and heat treatment are carried out. The results show that the current can effectively improve the diffusion coefficients of aluminum and vanadium, and the promotion effect has no relationship with the direction of the current. Considering the inhomogeneity of the Joule heat distribution of the microscopic scale of the material, the hypothesis of “local hot spot” is proposed to explain the experimental phenomena. It is found that the hypothesis can make effective predictions of diffusion coefficients and explain the promotion effect of electropulsing on Ti6Al4V phase transition reasonably.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of a Trochoid Cam Gear
Authors: Yang Ronggang , Han Bo , Li Fengping , Zhou Yuqing , Xiang Jiawei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A trochoid cam gear (TCG) is a kind of precise transmission device with high performance, such as non-backlash, high-precision, low noise, etc. However, the nonlinear dynamics has not been studied. In the present paper, the nonlinear dynamic differential equation of the TCG is constructed. First, the trochoid equation and the tooth profile equation are deduced to satisfy the conditions of the continuous transmission. Second, a pure torsional nonlinear dynamic model is established to further construct the nonlinear model of the TCG according to a Lagrange equation. Finally, the dynamic characteristics of the TCG are investigated. For the short amplitude coefficient K, break of quasiperiodic torus is the main reason for the chaotic vibration. By increasing K, the performance of TCG can be improved to maintain stable motion.
Mechanical Design and Performance Analysis of a Novel Parallel Robot for Ankle Rehabilitation
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Zuo Shiping , Zhang Leiyu , Dong Mingjie , Zhang Zikang , Tao Chunjing , Ji Run 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As the population ages, increasingly more individuals experience ankle disabilities caused by stroke and cerebral palsy. Studies on parallel robots for ankle rehabilitation have been conducted under this circumstance. This paper presents a novel parallel ankle rehabilitation robot with the key features of a simple configuration and actuator nonredundancy. The mechanical design is determined, and a prototype is built. Additionally, inverse position solution is addressed to calculate the workspace of the parallel robot. Jacobian matrices mapping the velocity and force from the active joint space to the task space are derived, and kinetostatic performance indices, namely, motion isotropy, force transfer ratio, and force isotropic radius are defined. Moreover, the inverse dynamic model is presented using the Newton–Euler formulation. Dynamic evaluation index, i.e., dynamic uniformity, is proposed according to the derived Jacobian matrix and inertia matrix. Based on the workspace analysis, the parallel robot demonstrates a sufficient workspace for ankle rehabilitation compared with measured range of motion of human ankle joint complex. The results of the kinetostatic and dynamic performance analysis indicate that the parallel robot possesses good motion isotropy, high force transfer ratio, large force isotropic radius, and relatively uniform dynamic dexterity within most of the workspace, especially in the central part. A numerical example is presented to simulate the rehabilitation process and verify the correctness of the inverse dynamic model. The simplicity and the performance of the proposed robot indicate that it has the potential to be widely used for ankle rehabilitation.
Outcome measurement in functional neurological disorder: a systematic review and recommendations
Authors: Pick Susannah , Anderson David G , Asadi-Pooya Ali A , Aybek Selma , Baslet Gaston , Bloem Bastiaan R , Bradley-Westguard Abigail , Brown Richard J , Carson Alan J , Chalder Trudie , Damianova Maria , David Anthony S , Edwards Mark J , Epstein Steven A , Espay Alberto J , Garcin Béatrice , Goldstein Laura H , Hallett Mark , Jankovic Joseph , Joyce Eileen M , Kanaan Richard A , Keynejad Roxanne C , Kozlowska Kasia , LaFaver Kathrin , LaFrance, Jr. W Curt , Lang Anthony E , Lehn Alex , Lidstone Sarah , Maurer Carine W , Mildon Bridget , Morgante Francesca , Myers Lorna , Nicholson Clare , Nielsen Glenn , Perez David L , Popkirov Stoyan , Reuber Markus , Rommelfanger Karen S , Schwingenshuh Petra , Serranova Tereza , Shotbolt Paul , Stebbins Glenn T , Stone Jon , Tijssen Marina AJ , Tinazzi Michele , Nicholson Timothy R 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesWe aimed to identify existing outcome measures for functional neurological disorder (FND), to inform the development of recommendations and to guide future research on FND outcomes.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to identify existing FND-specific outcome measures and the most common measurement domains and measures in previous treatment studies. Searches of Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO were conducted between January 1965 and June 2019. The findings were discussed during two international meetings of the FND-Core Outcome Measures group.ResultsFive FND-specific measures were identified—three clinician-rated and two patient-rated—but their measurement properties have not been rigorously evaluated. No single measure was identified for use across the range of FND symptoms in adults. Across randomised controlled trials (k=40) and observational treatment studies (k=40), outcome measures most often assessed core FND symptom change. Other domains measured commonly were additional physical and psychological symptoms, life impact (ie, quality of life, disability and general functioning) and health economics/cost–utility (eg, healthcare resource use and quality-adjusted life years).ConclusionsThere are few well-validated FND-specific outcome measures. Thus, at present, we recommend that existing outcome measures, known to be reliable, valid and responsive in FND or closely related populations, are used to capture key outcome domains. Increased consistency in outcome measurement will facilitate comparison of treatment effects across FND symptom types and treatment modalities. Future work needs to more rigorously validate outcome measures used in this population.
Understanding the musculoskeletal injury risk of women in combat: the effect of infantry training and sex on musculoskeletal injury incidence during British Army basic training
Authors: O'Leary Thomas J , Wardle S L , Rawcliffe A J , Chapman S , Mole J , Greeves J P 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionUntil recently, women were excluded from British combat roles. Their risk for musculoskeletal injury during basic training is two to three times higher than men. To better understand the musculoskeletal injury risk of women in British Army infantry basic training, we compared injury incidence between (1) men in standard entry training and men in infantry training, to assess the risk of infantry training; and (2) men and women in both standard entry and officer basic training, to assess the risk in women compared with men.MethodsThe incidence of musculoskeletal injury was determined from defence medical records for all men entering infantry training, and for all men and women entering standard entry and officer training, between April 2015 and March 2016.Results7390 men (standard entry, n=4229; infantry, n=2683; officer, n=478) and 696 women (standard entry, n=626; officer, n=70) entered basic training. Men in infantry training had a lower incidence of musculoskeletal injury (391 vs 417 per 1000 personnel, OR 0.90 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.99), p=0.028) and a higher incidence of stress fracture (14 vs 5 per 1000 personnel, OR 2.80 (95% CI 1.64 to 4.80), p<0.001) than men in standard entry training. Women had a higher incidence of musculoskeletal injury than men in standard entry training (522 vs 417 per 1000 personnel, OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.29 to 1.81), p<0.001) and a higher incidence of stress fracture than men in officer training (114 vs 19 per 1000 personnel, OR 6.72 (95% CI 2.50 to 18.07), p<0.001).ConclusionWomen in infantry training may be at similar risk for musculoskeletal injury, but at higher risk for stress fracture, compared with their non-infantry counterparts. Women in infantry training may be at higher risk for musculoskeletal injury and stress fracture compared with men in infantry training.
Individual-subject Functional Localization Increases Univariate Activation but Not Multivariate Pattern Discriminability in the “Multiple-demand” Frontoparietal Network
Authors: Shashidhara Sneha , Spronkers Floortje S. , Erez Yaara 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The frontoparietal “multiple-demand” (MD) control network plays a key role in goal-directed behavior. Recent developments of multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) for fMRI data allow for more fine-grained investigations into the functionality and properties of brain systems. In particular, MVPA in the MD network was used to gain better understanding of control processes such as attentional effects, adaptive coding, and representation of multiple task-relevant features, but overall low decoding levels have limited its use for this network. A common practice of applying MVPA is by investigating pattern discriminability within a ROI using a template mask, thus ensuring that the same brain areas are studied in all participants. This approach offers high sensitivity but does not take into account differences between individuals in the spatial organization of brain regions. An alternative approach uses independent localizer data for each subject to select the most responsive voxels and define individual ROIs within the boundaries of a group template. Such an approach allows for a refined and targeted localization based on the unique pattern of activity of individual subjects while ensuring that functionally similar brain regions are studied for all subjects. In the current study, we tested whether using individual ROIs leads to changes in decodability of task-related neural representations as well as univariate activity across the MD network compared with when using a group template. We used three localizer tasks to separately define subject-specific ROIs: spatial working memory, verbal working memory, and a Stroop task. We then systematically assessed univariate and multivariate results in a separate rule-based criterion task. All the localizer tasks robustly recruited the MD network and evoked highly reliable activity patterns in individual subjects. Consistent with previous studies, we found a clear benefit of the subject-specific ROIs for univariate results from the criterion task, with increased activity in the individual ROIs based on the localizers' data, compared with the activity observed when using the group template. In contrast, there was no benefit of the subject-specific ROIs for the multivariate results in the form of increased discriminability, as well as no cost of reduced discriminability. Both univariate and multivariate results were similar in the subject-specific ROIs defined by each of the three localizers. Our results provide important empirical evidence for researchers in the field of cognitive control for the use of individual ROIs in the frontoparietal network for both univariate and multivariate analysis of fMRI data and serve as another step toward standardization and increased comparability across studies.
Sovereignty-based Arguments and the European Asylum System: Searching for a European Constitutional Moment?
Authors: Penasa Simone , Romeo Graziella 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The article expresses a twofold claim: a) sovereignty-based argument finds a fertile ground in EU’s weaknesses in terms of asylum strategy and b) sovereignty arguments in asylum issues can (and must) be confronted with the legal instruments afforded by the existing framework of EU law. To develop the argument, this article is divided into two parts. The first part addresses sovereignism in asylum law and policies, by exploring sovereignist claims and their translation into domestic legislation and policies, with specific reference to the Italian context. It then analyses the recent changes in asylum strategy, within the EU, to test to what extent arguments based on sovereignty stand as a bulwark against full cooperation among EU member states. In the second part, the article examines the legal instruments that EU institution can use and develop to implement solidarity and reduce the margin for the use of sovereignty-based arguments in asylum policies.
Etiology of Burnout in Canadian Radiologists and Trainees
Authors: Zha Nanxi , Neuheimer Nick , Patlas Michael N. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: There is worsening of burnout symptoms experienced by radiologists and trainees. We explored potential factors that exacerbate burnout symptoms observed in the Canadian radiological community and currently available protective factors as next steps for establishing viable solutions for burnout. Methods: An 11-question electronic survey was distributed to Canadian radiologists and trainees through the Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR). Approval from a local ethics board and the CAR were obtained. The survey contained demographics-related questions as well as questions based on common risk factors for burnout. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. Results: The survey was distributed to 2200 CAR members, and a response rate of 23.3% was achieved. Most radiologists experienced frequent unexpected high workload with no statistically significant difference by the type of practice. Trainees experienced a statistically significantly ( P < .0001) higher frequency of on-call shifts compared to staff radiologists. A statistically significant difference ( P < .0001) was observed for perceived threats to career longevity dependent on length of career. Although support mechanisms for radiology were perceived as available, survey commentary suggested inefficiency in their usage and lack of prioritization, which was a trend observed across all types of practice. Conclusions: While there is awareness for radiology needs, changes are required at the workplace level to reduce burnout symptoms at their source. Communication between radiologists and hospital administration, as well as among radiology group members, is key to prioritize radiology needs in our imaging-driven era of health care.
Natural Sequence Variations and Combinations of GNP1 and NAL1 Determine the Grain Number per Panicle in Rice
Authors: Wang Yun , Zhai Laiyuan , Chen Kai , Shen Congcong , Liang Yuntao , Wang Chunchao , Zhao Xiuqin , Wang Shu , Xu Jianlong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe grain number per panicle (GNP), which is one of three grain yield components, is an important trait for the genetic improvement of rice. Although theNAL1andGNP1genes regulating the rice GNP and grain yield have been cloned, their allelic diversity, functional differences in rice germplasms, and effects of their combination on GNP and grain yield remain unclear.ResultsBased on DNA sequences of these two genes in 198 cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) and 8–10 wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) germplasms, 16 and 14 haplotypes were identified forNAL1andGNP1, respectively. TheNAL1gene had the strongest effects on GNP inindica(xian) andjaponica(geng) subpopulations. In contrast,GNP1had no significant effects in thegengsubpopulation and was rare in thexianbackground, in which the superiorGNP1allele (GNP1–6) was detected in only 4.0% of the 198 germplasms. Compared with the transgenic lines withGNP1orNAL1, the transgenic lines with both genes had a higher GNP (15.5%–25.4% and 11.6%–15.9% higher, respectively) and grain yield (5.7%–9.0% and 8.3%–12.3% higher, respectively) across 3 years. The two genes combined in the introgression lines in Lemont background resulted in especially favorable effects on the GNP.ConclusionsOur results indicated that theGNP1andNAL1exhibited obvious differentiation and their combinations can significantly increase the grain yield ingengrice cultivars. These observations provide insights into the molecular basis of the GNP and may be useful for rice breeding of high yield potential by pyramidingGNP1andNAL1.
Detection of CNV in the SH3RF2 gene and its effects on growth and carcass traits in chickens
Authors: Jing Zhenzhu , Wang Xinlei , Cheng Yingying , Wei Chengjie , Hou Dan , Li Tong , Li Wenya , Han Ruili , Li Hong , Sun Guirong , Tian Yadong , Liu Xiaojun , Kang Xiangtao , Li Zhuanjian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The SH3RF2 gene is a protein-coding gene located in a quantitative trait locus associated with body weight, and its deletion has been shown to be positively associated with body weight in chickens.

Results
In the present study, CNV in the SH3RF2 gene was detected in 4079 individuals from 17 populations, including the “Gushi ×Anka” F2 resource population and populations of Chinese native chickens, commercial layers, and commercial broilers. The F2 resource population was then used to investigate the genetic effects of the chicken SH3RF2 gene. The results showed that the local chickens and commercial layers were all homozygous for the wild-type allele. Deletion mutation individuals were detected in all of the commercial broiler breeds except Hubbard broiler. A total of, 798 individuals in the F2 resource group were used to analyze the effects of genotype (DD/ID/II) on chicken production traits. The results showed that CNV was associated with 2-, 6-, 10-, and 12-week body weight (P = 0.026, 0.042, 0.021 and 0.039 respectively) and significantly associated with 8-week breast bone length (P = 0.045). The mutation was significantly associated with 8-week body weight (P = 0.007) and 4-week breast bone length (P = 0.010). CNV was significantly associated with evisceration weight, leg muscle weight, carcass weight, breast muscle weight and gizzard weight (P = 0.032, 0.033, 0.045, 0.004 and 0.000, respectively).

Conclusions
CNV of the SH3RF2 gene contributed to variation in the growth and weight gain of chickens.
Molecular epidemiology and hematologic characterization of δβ-thalassemia and hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin in 125,661 families of greater Guangzhou area, the metropolis of southern China
Authors: Jiang Fan , Zuo Liandong , Li Dongzhi , Li Jian , Tang Xuewei , Chen Guilan , Zhou Jianying , Lu Hang , Liao Can 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Individuals with δβ-thalassemia/HPFH and β-thalassemia usually present with intermedia or thalassemia major. No large-scale survey on HPFH/δβ-thalassemia in southern China has been reported to date. The purpose of this study was to examine the molecular epidemiology and hematologic characteristics of these disorders in Guangzhou, the largest city in Southern China, to offer advice for thalassemia screening programs and genetic counseling.

Methods
A total of 125,661 couples participated in pregestational thalassemia screening. 654 subjects with fetal hemoglobin (HbF) level ≥ 5% were selected for further investigation. Gap-PCR combined with Multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used to screen for β-globin gene cluster deletions. Gene sequencing for the promoter region of HBG1 /HBG2 gene was performed for all those subjects.

Results
A total of 654 individuals had hemoglobin (HbF) levels≥5, and 0.12% of the couples were found to be heterozygous for HPFH/δβ-thalassemia, including Chinese Gγ (Aγδβ)0-thal, Southeast Asia HPFH (SEA-HPFH), Taiwanese deletion and Hb Lepore–Boston–Washington. The highest prevalence was observed in the Huadu district and the lowest in the Nansha district. Three cases were identified as carrying β-globin gene cluster deletions, which had not been previously reported. Two at-risk couples (0.0015%) were required to receive prenatal diagnosis. We also found 55cases of nondeletional-HPFH (nd-HPFH), including 54 with Italian nd-HPFH and one with the Aγ-197C-T heterozygous state. It is difficult to discriminate between Chinese Gγ (Aγδβ)0-thal and Italian nd-HPFH carriers using hemoglobin (Hb) analysis.

Conclusions
This study is the first to describe the familial prevalence of HPFH/δβ-thalassemia and the high-risk rate in Greater Guangzhou Area, and the findings will support the implementation of thalassemia screening for three common deletions by gap-PCR. We also presented a systematic description of genotype-phenotype relationships which will be useful for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnostic services for β-thalassemia intermedia.