bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Expression of CDCA2 in Glioma Predicts Poor Prognosis as Identified by Population-based Analysis
Authors: Dong Weiwei , Liu Yunhui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The cell division cycle-associated protein 2 (CDCA2) was found to be a cell cycle-related protein. CDCA2 was previously reported to be associated with proliferation and migration in multiple cancer. We evaluated the role of CDCA2 in glioma using publicly available data from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).Methods: The relationships between clinical characteristics and CDCA2 expression were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test or Kruskal-Wallis test. Clinicopathologic characteristics associated with overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier method. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to sort the signaling pathway associated with the expression of CDCA2. Pearson correlation test was used to analyse the expression correlation between CDCA2 and well-known cell cycle-related genes.Results: Glioma with high CDCA2 expression was more prone to be associated with advanced malignancy clinical pathologic characteristics and worse prognosis than that with low CDCA2 expression in TCGA and CGGA dataset (P < 0.001). The multiple analysis revealed that CDCA2 was independently associated with OS (HR:1.396; [CI]:1.236 − 1.577, P < 0.001). GSEA showed that cell cycle checkpoint, cell cycle G1/S phase transition, DNA damage checkpoint and regulation of cell cycle arrest were enriched in CDCA2 high expression phenotype. Pearson correlation test revealed that CDCA2 was co-expression with well-known key cell cycle-related genes (CCNA2, CCNB1, CCNB2, CCNE1, CCNE2, CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6).Conclusion: High CDCA2 expression may be a potential prognosis molecular marker of poor survival in glioma. Cell cycle regulation pathway may be the key pathway regulated by CDCA2 in glioma.
Preservation of cerebrospinal fluid cells to investigate intrathecal immunity in neurodegeneration
Authors: Levanthal Olivia , Wyss-Coray Tony , Gate David 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides basic mechanical and immunological protection to the brain. Historically, analysis of CSF has focused on protein changes, yet recent studies of neurodegenerative diseases have shed light on cellular alterations. Due to low cell numbers in the CSF, only recently have advances in molecular biology techniques allowed for the investigation of disease-related cellular changes. Chief among these advances is single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). However, concerns such as batch effects and time constraints call for a standardized method for long-term preservation of CSF immune cells. Results: We present a method for long-term cryopreservation of CSF immune cells for downstream scRNAseq analysis. Cells can be analyzed up to two years following CSF collection. On average, 4,961 live cells can be recovered from 10 mL CSF after cryopreservation, with no association between length of storage and cell viability. We demonstrate that scRNAseq detects CD8 + and CD4 + T cells, natural killer cells, plasma cells, B cells, and innate immune cells (monocytes and dendritic cells) within the CSF of 24 subjects. Conclusions: The ability to store CSF cells long-term will enable researches actively collecting CSF to investigate intrathecal immunity. This method will aid in the understanding of cellular and molecular changes to CSF immunity in neurodegenerative diseases.
Convective Hot Air Drying of Chilli Pepper: Process Optimization and Modelling the Drying Kinetics and Quality Attributes of Dried Product
Authors: Ajuebor Felix , Aworanti Oluwafunmilayo , Agbede Oluseye , Agarry Samuel , Afolabi Tinuade , Ogunleye Oladipupo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of air velocity, relative humidity, drying temperature, and drying time on the cabinet hot air drying and quality attributes of chilli pepper as well as to determine the optimum process conditions using the rotatable central composite design (RCCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The drying kinetics was also modelled. Four factors with three levels of RCCD were utilized: air velocity (0.5-1.5 m/s), relative velocity (65-75%), drying temperature (50-70 o C), and drying time (180-360 min). Product moisture content (PMC), total plate count (TPC), protein content (PC), and carbohydrate content (CC) were evaluated as the quality attributes (responses). The results showed that the drying experimental data significantly ( p ≤ 0.001) and adequately fitted into second-order quadratic regression models with (>0.95) to describe and predict all the responses. Drying time and drying temperature are the most significant drying conditions that exerted more pronounced linear and interactive effects on the dried chilli pepper quality attributes. The predicted optimum process conditions for the production of dried chilli pepper with minimum PMC and TPC as well as maximum PC and CC were obtained to be: drying temperature, 69.98 o C, air velocity, 1.46 m/s, relative humidity, 66.57%, and drying time, 359.86 min. Four empirical models (Page, Newton, Logarithmic, and Henderson and Pabis) were fitted to the drying data and the Page model with (>0.95) best fitted the data to describe the drying kinetics.
Evaluation of Immune-Biomarker Expression in High Grade Soft Tissue Sarcoma : Emphasis of importance of HLA-DQA1 expression as a prognostic marker
Authors: Bae Jung Yun , Choi Kyung Un , Kim Ahrong , Lee So Jung , Kim Kyungbin , Kim Jee Yeon , Lee In Sook , Chung So Hak , Kim Jeung Il 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: High-grade soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a highly malignant neoplasm having an overall poor prognosis. Numerous prognostic factors determine tumor progression and patient outcome. Many immune-related cells identified in the tumor microenvironment play important roles in various tumor types. This study was undertaken to evaluate the expression of immune-related genes and to elucidate the correlation between these genes and prognosis in high grade STS.Methods: Twelve cases of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples of high grade STS were included for gene expression analysis using the NanoString nCounter® System and 35 cases were used for immunohistochemistry. For comparison analysis, the patients were divided into two groups, depending on the overall survival (OS). Expressions of 770 Genes were analyzed using the nCounter® PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel of the NanoString nCounter® Analysis System. Immunohistochemistry for the most significantly altered genes was additionally performed. The correlation between gene expression and prognosis of high grade STS was then evaluated.Results: Of the 770 immune-related genes analyzed by NanoString nCounter® Analysis, several genes were identified as differentially expressed between the two groups. Based on the gene expression level and fold change, representative 13 genes were identified: 7 of the 13 candidate genes (C3, CD36, DOCK9, FCER2, FOS, HLA-DRB4, and NCAM1) were found to be significantly overexpressed in the poor prognostic group. In contrast, expressions of the other 6 immune-related genes (BIRC5, DUSP4, FOXP3, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, and LAG3) were increased in the good prognostic group. Positive expressions of HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-DRB4 were obtained in 74.3%, 34.3% and 48.6% tumors, respectively. The positive expression of HLA-DQA1 was associated with a significantly longer OS (p=0.028). .Conclusions: Analysis of gene expression determined that expressions of 13 immune-related genes were significantly different between two groups. HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 were significantly decreased, whereas HLA-DRB4 was significantly increased in the poor prognostic group. HLA-DQA1 expression was significantly correlated with long-term survival, and may therefore be an immune-biomarker for good prognosis of high grade STS.
Variation Trend of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in a High Prevalence Region of Birth Defects in Northern China from 2007 to 2012
Authors: Lin Shiqi , Zhang Yuan , Li Jiajia , Wu Jilei , Pei Lijun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Shanxi Province in northern China has been identified as an area with the highest prevalence of neural tube defects in the world; however, the constituent and prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) has changed in recent years. The aim of our study was to investigate the constituent and variation trend of the birth prevalence of APOs in rural northern China.Methods A population-based descriptive study was conducted. Data were derived from two birth surveillance systems that recorded all pregnancy outcomes from 2007 to 2012 in Pingding and Xiyang County in Shanxi Province, China.Results From 2007 to 2012, the birth prevalence of APOs in the two counties was 154.7 per 1,000 births. The birth prevalence of neonatal death, stillbirths, birth defects, premature birth, low birth weight (LBW), and macrosomia was 3.4 per 1,000 births, 12.3 per 1,000 births, 12.2 per 1,000 births, 21.9 per 1,000 births, 40.5 per 1,000 births, and 64.5 per 1,000 births, respectively. Birth prevalence of macrosomia increased from 59.6 per 1,000 births in 2007 to 74.4 per 1,000 births in 2012( {\chi }_{trend}^{2} =20.314,P < 0.001). Birth prevalence of LBW and premature birth declined, from 43.8 per 1,000 births and 19.1 per 1,000 births in 2007 to 30.1 per 1,000 births and 11.8 per 1,000 births in 2012 ( {\chi }_{trend}^{2}=21.748, P < 0.001; {\chi }_{trend}^{2} =14.342, P < 0.001). The birth prevalence of neonatal death, stillbirth and birth defects stayed at a relatively low level. The distribution of APOs birth prevalence took an obvious “U-shape” as maternal age rose from <20 year to over 40 year except for macrosomia.Conclusions More efforts should be made on finding causes and ways of interventions on APOs, especially prematurity, LBW and macrosomia which are currently under insufficient attention.
Identification of cell cycle dependent methotrexate resistance in placenta site trophoblastic tumors
Authors: Xu Jing , Zhang Ling , Liu Qiyu , Ren Luyao , Li Ke , Cai Baozhu , Huang Yunke , Wang Jing , Li Qin , Kang Yu , Xu Congjian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The purpose is to study the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in Placental site trophoblastic tumor(PSTT).Methods We established PSTT cell lines by primary culture of a surgically resected PSTT tissues and identified the expression of immune-phenotype markers(HLA-G, β-catenin, CD146, Muc4, hPL, hCG) by immunofluorescence. We measured the IC50 value of methotrexate(MTX), etoposide(VP-16), actinomycin-D(Act-D), cisplatin(DDP), fluorouracil(5-FU) and paclitaxel(TAX) in PSTTs and used a special Mini patient-derived xenograft (Mini PDX) model to evaluate effectiveness of these drugs in vivo. Given that MTX is a cell cycle-dependent chemotherapeutic, we analyzed cell cycle characteristics of PSTT and choriocarcinoma cell lines by flow cytometry and then analyzed RNA profiles and WGS data of the PSTT cell lines to identify the potential mechanism.Results We identified the expression of HLA-G, β-catenin, CD146, hPL and hCG in PSTT cell lines. The IC50 value of MTX was 4.922 mg/ml in PSTT-1, 4.525 mg/ml in PSTT-2, 5.117 mg/ml in PSTT-3, 0.0166 µg/ml in JEG-3 cells (p༜0.001), and 0.01 µg/ml in JAR cells (p༜0.001), with nearly 50,000-fold increase in PSTTs than in choriocarcinoma, indicating that PSTTs are resistant to MTX in vitro. The Mini PDX model revealed that PSTTs are also resistant to MTX in vivo. Cell cycle analysis showed dysregulation of G1/S transition and cell cycle arrest in PSTT cell lines. RNA sequencing profile also identified cell cycle-associated genes which were differentially expressed in PSTT cells than in choriocarcinoma cell.Conclusions We found PSTTs are resistant to MTX in vitro and in vivo compared to choriocarcinoma. Mechanisms could be focused on dysregulation of the G1/S transition and cell cycle arrest.
Large Eddy Simulation of Pulverized Coal Jet Combustion and Flame Propagation
Authors: Gui Ying 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The characteristics of a pulverized coal jet flame ignited by a preheated gas flow are modeled with large eddy simulation (LES) method. An open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code –OpenFOAM (open field operation and manipulation) is applied to predict the instantaneous temperature, pressure, vortices and species mass fraction of the whole combustion process. The sub-grid scale (SGS) turbulence and combustion models based on the one-equation eddy-viscosity model and the kinetic-diffusion limited rate surface reaction model are used in the modeling process. Jet combustions with different inlet velocities are simulated to get an optimal value under the condition that a good combustion kinetic filed can be established. In order to prove the advantages of LES on the predictions of turbulent combustion, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation has been performed and compared with the results of LES. The results suggest that LES can predict the instantaneous values of turbulent combustion while RANS can only get average effects. The ability of LES to capture the high and low values of temperature and species concentrations is better, and it can capture the flame centre and predict the recirculation flows more accurately than RANS. Furthermore, the effect of coal particle diameters on the flame characteristics is also investigated by LES. It has been observed that the region of high temperature is wider, the flame center is closer to the nozzle exit, and the local temperature is higher for smaller particles. The results also show that the combustion is more intensive and complete for smaller particles, which are coincident with the combustion theory.
Vitamin D Toxicity in A Pediatric Toxicological Referral Center: A Cross-Sectional Study from Iran
Authors: Farnaghi Fariba , Hassanian-Moghaddam Hossein , Zamani Nasim , Gholami Narges , Gachkar Latif , Yazdi Maryam Hosseini 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Vitamin D is an essential element for body health whose supplements are generally administered to prevent vitamin D deficiency. Since these supplements are available at homes, vitamin D toxicity may happen in children.Methods: All children younger than 12 years who presented to the pediatric emergency department of Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran with history of ingestion ofvitamin D supplements more than 1500 IU/day were enrolled. Patients’ demographic data, on-presentation signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, treatments given, and outcome were evaluated.Result: Fifteenpatients presented during the study period. Their mean age was 46.53 ±10.14 months and 12 (80%) were girls. All of them had unintentionally ingested vitamin D. Mean ingested dose was 406700.7±227400.1 IU. In eight patients (53.3%), 25 Hydroxyvitamin D level was more than 100 ng/mL. One patient experienced hypercalcemia while all of them were asymptomatic and discharged without complications. There was no significant difference between patients with and without high levels of 25 OH vitamin D regarding lab tests, toxicity course, and outcome.Conclusion: It seems that acute vitamin D toxicity is a benign condition in our pediatric population which may be due to high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iran.
Effect of Temperature on Pyrolysis Oil Using HDPE and PET Sources from Mobile Pyrolysis Plant
Authors: Prurapark Ruktai , Owjaraen Kittwat , Saengphrom Bordin , Limthongtip Inpitcha , Tongam Nopparat 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This research aims to study the effect of temperature on pyrolysis oil along with analyzing viscosity, density, proportion of pyrolysis products and performance of each condenser towers of pyrolysis high density polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate. The results showed that the main product of high density polyethylene resin is liquid and the main product of polyethylene terephthalate resin is solid. The pyrolysis of high density polyethylene resin at 400, 425 and 450ºC produce the amount of oil 22.5, 27 and 40.5 L, respectively. The study found that the temperature at 450ºC was the temperature that give the best pyrolysis oil in the experiment. The viscosity was in the range of 3.287–4.850 cSt. The density was in the range of 0.668-0.740 kg/L. The viscosity and density were increased according to 3 factors: high pyrolysis temperature, number of condensers and longer sampling time. From the distillation at temperatures below 65, 65–170, 170–250 and above 250ºC, all refined products in each temperature range shows the amount of hydrocarbon compounds according to the boiling point.
Prevalence of Refractive Error Among Early Primary School Age Children in Ado-Odo Ota Local Government Area, Nigeria.
Authors: Ogbonna Grace Obumneke 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction Refractive error is one of the major causes of blurred vision. It is a common eye disorder even in children. The World Health Organization had estimated refractive error to cause visual impairment to about 153 million people around the world with over 1.4 million children affected. Eighty percent (80%) of whom live in developing countries. The right to sight, a global initiative launched by World Health Organization, has the main aim of eliminating avoidable visual impairment and blindness at a global level. In order to achieve this goal, visual screening in pre-school and school children has long been a tradition in developed nations of the world. The significance of this cannot be overemphasized, especially with the already established correlation between school performance and visual status. However, in developing countries visual screening for children is not yet well established, thereby leaving many children with undetected refractive error, which could result in visual impairment. This study was aimed at evaluating the prevalence of refractive error among early primary school age children at Ado-Odo Ota Local Government Area(LGA) in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methodology: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. It employed a multi-staged sampling method to recruit 205 pupils aged 5-9 years attending schools in Ado-Odo Ota as study participants to determine the prevalence of refractive error among the pupils attending primary schools in this area. Following ocular pathology screening for the children, subjects found fit were refracted both objectively and subjectively using auto-refractor and trial lenses respectively. Result: A prevalence of 30.73% of refractive error was recorded. Myopia had the highest prevalence (24.88%), followed by astigmatism 3.42% and hyperopia with the least prevalence of 2.44%. Older children had higher frequencies of refractive error than the younger ones with the males having more refractive error than the females (19.51% and 11.22%) respectively. Conclusion: The study concluded that refractive error is significantly present among this population and recommended that parents should ensure that their children are screened for refractive error, and that government should introduce school health programs to curb the growing menace of visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive error.
Heat shock modulates the expression of sirtuins and var genes in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Anagu Linda , Hulse David , Chakravorty Srabasti , Horrocks Paul , Merrick Catherine Jill 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: In the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum the expression of key ‘var’ virulence genes is regulated through epigenetic mechanisms. Two deacetylase enzymes of the sirtuin family have been implicated in this epigenetic control in laboratory-adapted parasites. A previous study of var gene expression in parasites isolated directly from Gambian malaria patients found that high expression levels of severe-disease-associated var variants correlated with high expression of the PfSir2A sirtuin, and these expression patterns also correlated with patient phenotypes of fever and hyperlactataemia. Together, the observations suggest a mechanism through which stress phenotypes in the human host might be sensed via a parasite sirtuin, and virulence gene expression modulated accordingly. Methods: In vitro experiments were conducted using recently-laboratory-adapted Kenyan isolates of P. falciparum to follow up the correlative findings of the field study. To investigate a potential cause-and-effect relationship between host stress factors and parasite gene expression, RT-PCR was used to measure the expression of sirtuins and var genes after cultured parasites had been exposed to 2h or 6h of heat shock at 40°C or elevated lactate at 5mM.Results: Heat shock was shown to influence the expression of both sirtuins and var genes, whereas exposure to lactate was not. Heat shock in the trophozoite stage resulted in modest upregulation of the expression of sirtuins, particularly PfSir2B, by 2-3 fold in all strains tested. Interestingly, when heat shock was applied in ring stages PfSir2A was still upregulated but PfSir2B was downregulated. This correlated with a general upregulation of ring-stage var transcription, and particularly of severe-disease-associated upsA and upsB var genes, but there was no clear pattern in the dominant var gene(s) ultimately expressed by heat-shocked parasites. Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time that heat stress in recently-laboratory-adapted patient isolates of P. falciparum results in altered sirtuin expression – PfSir2B as well as PfSir2A – and also the upregulation of var gene expression. These may be strategies evolved by the parasite to survive heat stress when a human host experiences malarial fevers. By contrast, the association between hyperlactataemia and sirtuin/var gene expression that was previously observed in vivo appears to be coincidental rather than causative.
Silica nanoparticles inducing the apoptosis of spermatocyte cell through microRNA-450b-3p targeting MTCH2-mediating mitochondrial signaling pathway
Authors: Zhou Guiqing , Liu Jianhui , Li Xiangyang , Sang Yujian , Zhang Yue , Gao Leqiang , Ji Wang , Yu Yang , Ge Wei , Sun Zhiwei , zhou xianqing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are found in environmental particulate matter and are proven to have adverse effects on fertility. The relationship and underlying mechanisms between miRNAs and apoptosis induced by SiNPs during spermatogenesis is currently ambiguous. Experimental design: The present study was designed to investigate the role of miRNA-450b-3p in the reproductive toxicity caused by SiNPs. In vivo, 40 male mice were randomly divided into control and SiNPs groups, 20 per group. The mice in the SiNPs group were administrated 20 mg/kg SiNPs by tracheal perfusion once every 5 days, for 35 days, and the control group were given the equivalent of a normal luminal saline. In vitro, spermatocyte cells were divided into 0 and 5 μg/mL SiNPs groups, after passaged for 30 generations, the GC-2spd cells in 5 μg/mL SiNPs groups were transfected with miRNA-450b-3p and its mimic and inhibitor. Results: In vivo, the results showed that SiNPs damaged tissue structures of testis, decreased the quantity and quality of the sperm, reduced the expression of miR-450b-3p, and increased the protein expressions of the MTCH2, BID, BAX, Cytochrome C, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 in the testis. In vitro, SiNPs obviously repressed the viability and increased the LDH level and apoptosis rate, decreased the levels of the miR-450b-3p, significantly enhanced the protein expressions of the MTCH2, BID, BAX, Cytochrome C, Caspase-9, Caspase-3; while the mimic of miR-450b-3p reversed the changes induced by SiNPs, but inhibitor further promoted the effects induced by SiNPs.Conclusion: The result suggested that SiNPs could induce the spermatocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the miR-450b-3p expression to target promoting the MTCH2 resulting in activating mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathways in the spermatocyte cells.