bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion Fatigue Crack Growth Rates of Sensitized AA5456-H116: Contribution of Stress Corrosion Cracking
Authors: Schrock David J. , Akman Allison M. , Locke Jenifer S. (Warner) 
Published: November 2020

The interplay between stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and corrosion fatigue was investigated for AA5456-H116 to determine the source of the inverse relationship between fatigue loading (f) and fatigue crack growth rates (da/dN). Sensitization in 5xxx series aluminum alloys refers to the precipitation of β on α-aluminum grain boundaries, which can occur in high-Mg 5xxx alloys after sufficient exposure to temperatures as low as 40°C. Recent research has established that da/dN in sensitized 5xxx series aluminum alloys can be inversely dependent on f. The severity of the inverse relationship between da/dN and f has been attributed to sensitization level, alloy composition, and temper. In this work, the effect that Kmax has on corrosion fatigue da/dN was quantified using fracture mechanics-based experiments conducted at different maximum stress intensity factors (Kmax) but the same ΔK in 3.5 wt% NaCl. Results suggest that the severity of the inverse relationship between da/dN and f (i.e., the slope of the da/dN vs. f trend) is governed by the magnitude of Kmax in relation to the threshold stress intensity factor for SCC (KISCC). In addition, results show that an inverse f-dependence, albeit with a lower slope, can exist even when Kmax is less than KISCC; in other words, absent SCC. This low-slope corrosion fatigue behavior may have been driven by an enhanced rate of hydrogen embrittlement facilitated by the more aggressive local crack tip environment present at progressively lower loading frequencies during corrosion of highly sensitized microstructures.
Comparison of published palaeoclimate records suitable for reconstructing annual to sub-decadal hydroclimatic variability in eastern Australia: implications for water resource management and planning
Authors: Flack Anna L. , Kiem Anthony S. , Vance Tessa R. , Tozer Carly R. , Roberts Jason L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Knowledge of past, current, and future hydroclimatic risk
is of great importance. However, like many other countries, Australia's
observed hydroclimate records are at best only ∼ 120 years
long (i.e. from ∼ 1900 to the present) but are typically less than
∼ 50 years long. Therefore, recent research has focused on
developing longer hydroclimate records based on palaeoclimate information
from a variety of different sources. Here we review and compare the insights emerging from 11 published palaeoclimate records that are relevant for annual to sub-decadal hydroclimatic variability in eastern Australia over the last ∼ 1000 years. The sources of palaeoclimate information include ice cores, tree rings, cave deposits, and lake sediment deposits. The published palaeoclimate information was then analysed to determine when (and where) there was agreement (or uncertainty) about the timing of wet and dry epochs in the pre-instrumental period (1000–1899). The occurrence,
frequency, duration, and spatial extent of pre-instrumental wet and dry
epochs was then compared to wet and dry epochs since 1900. The results show
that instrumental records (∼ 1900–present) underestimate (or
at least misrepresent) the full range of rainfall variability that has
occurred, and is possible, in eastern Australia. Even more disturbing is the suggestion, based on insights from the published palaeoclimate data
analysed, that 71 % of the pre-instrumental period appears to have no
equivalent in the instrumental period. This implies that the majority of the past 1000 years was unlike anything encountered in the period that informs water infrastructure, planning, and policy in Australia. A case study, using a typical water storage reservoir in eastern Australia, demonstrates that current water resource infrastructure and management strategies would not cope under the range of pre-instrumental conditions that this study suggests has occurred. When coupled with projected impacts of climate change and growing demands, these results highlight some major challenges for water resource management and infrastructure. Though our case study location is eastern Australia, these challenges, and the limitations associated with current methods that depend on instrumental records that are too short to realistically characterise interannual to multi-decadal variability, also apply globally.
Triacetyluridine treats epileptic encephalopathy from CAD mutations: a case report and review
Authors: Frederick Aliya , Sherer Kimberly , Nguyen Linda , Ali Shawn , Garg Anupam , Haas Richard , Sahagian Michelle , Bui Jonathan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRefractory epilepsy and encephalopathy are frequently encountered in patients with inborn errors of metabolism. We report a case of an 8‐year‐old girl with history of developmental delay, autism and intractable epilepsy that was found to have a pathogenic variant in CAD. We briefly review the biochemical pathway of CAD and the preclinical and clinical studies that suggest uridine supplementation can rescue the CAD deficiency phenotypes. Our case demonstrates a relatively late‐onset case of refractory epilepsy with a rapid response to treatment using the uridine pro‐drug triacetyluridine (TAU), the FDA‐approved treatment for hereditary orotic aciduria.
“What Do You Want to Learn or Work on Today?”: Benefits and Barriers to Asking Residents for Self‐identified Learning Goals
Authors: Fazzio Pamela , Hardy Emily , Chamberlain Meghan , Genecin Isabel , Weiss Anna , Posner Jill , Shatzer John , Shaw Kathy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the emergency department (ED), residents and attendings may have a short‐term relationship, such as a single shift. This poses challenges to learner assessment, instructional strategy selection, and provision of substantive feedback. We implemented a process for residents to identify goals for ED shifts; characterized residents’ goals; and determined how goal identification affected learning, teaching, and feedback.MethodsThis was an observational study in a large, tertiary pediatric ED using mixed methods. Residents were asked to identify learning goals for each shift and were asked postshift if they had identified, accomplished, and/or received feedback on these goals. Goals were categorized by Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Core Competencies. Predictors of goal identification, accomplishment, and receipt of feedback were determined. Residents and attendings were interviewed about their experiences.ResultsWe collected 306 end‐of‐shift surveys (74% response rate) and 358 goals and conducted 29 interviews. We found that: 1) Goal setting facilitated perceived learning. Residents identified goals 54% of the time. They accomplished 89% of and received feedback on 76% of goals. 2) Residents’ perceived weaknesses, future practice settings, and available patients informed their goals. Most goals mapped to patient care (59%) or medical knowledge (37%) competencies. 3) Goal identification helped attendings determine residents’ needs. 4) Ideal goals were specific and achievable. 5) Common barriers were busyness of the ED and difficulty creating goals. Residents were less likely to identify goals (odds ratio [OR] = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.41 to 0.94) and receive feedback on busy evening shifts (OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.37) and were most likely to receive feedback overnight (OR = 3.66, 95% CI = 1.87 to 7.14).ConclusionsAsking residents to identify goals for ED shifts as an instructional strategy facilitated perceived learning, goal accomplishment, and receipt of feedback. Resident‐driven goal identification is a simple and effective instructional strategy that physicians can incorporate into their precepting in the ED.
Mapping Juvenile Justice: Identifying Existing Structural Barriers to Accessing Probation Services
Authors: Fountain Erika N. , Mahmoudi Dillon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe majority of justice‐involved youth are placed on probation; however, many of those same youth struggle to comply with probation requirements and are subsequently confined. In Baltimore, 20% of newly committed youth were detained for violations of probation. While there are various reasons youth fail to comply with probation requirements, there have been recent calls to consider the impact of structural and spatial barriers to accessing probation programs and services. Centering the goals of community psychology, we aim to identify how existing structural barriers in Baltimore City may be contributing to social injustice through inequitable access to probation services for youth and their families. In this study, we take a novel, interdisciplinary approach to identify structural or spatial barriers facing justice‐involved youth in Baltimore, MD. Specifically, we explore transportation barriers (i.e., vehicle access) and spatial disparities between youth residences and probation office locations. Our findings suggest that there are several barriers facing Baltimore’s justice‐involved youth that may impact access to and engagement with juvenile probation. Specifically, we found that 1 in 3 youths reside in areas with extremely low levels of vehicle access and where the median household income is 25% below the city median. We also find that the majority of youth live beyond walking distances; many would require lengthy transit commutes. These findings highlight the structural and spatial barriers facing justice‐involved youth that may impact access to and engagement with probation services.
Expanding the phenotypic spectrum ofRPL13‐relatedskeletal dysplasia
Authors: Reinsch Breann , Grand Katheryn , Lachman Ralph S. , Kim Harry K. W. , Sanchez‐Lara Pedro A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRPL13‐related disorder is a newly described skeletal dysplasia characterized as a form of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with normal birth length, early postnatal growth deficiency, severe short stature, and genu varum. We present a 9‐year‐old male with a history of lower leg pain and concern for an unspecified form of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED). Exome sequencing revealed a de novo heterozygousRPL13c.477+1G>A (IVS4+1G>A) pathogenic variant. This is the first identified case of an individual with anRPL13‐related skeletal dysplasia, normal height, and radiographs consistent with a form of MED and Legg–Calve–Perthes‐like disease. This case expands the phenotype ofRPL13‐related disorders.
Supramolecular Depolymerization in the Mixture of Two Poor Solvents: Mechanistic Insights and Modulation of Supramolecular Polymerization of Ionic π‐Systems
Authors: Kotha Srinu , Mabesoone Mathijs F. J. , Srideep Dasari , Sahu Rahul , Reddy Sandeep K. , Rao Kotagiri Venkata 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSolvents are fundamentally essential for the synthesis and processing of soft materials. Supramolecular polymers (SPs), an emerging class of soft materials, are usually stable in single and mixtures of poor solvents. In contrast to these preconceived notions, here we report the depolymerization of SPs in the mixture of two poor solvents. This surprising behavior was observed for well‐known cationic perylene diimides (cPDIs) in the mixtures of water and amphiphilic organic solvents such as isopropanol (IPA). cPDIs form stable SPs in water and IPA but readily depolymerize into monomers in 50–70 vol% IPA containing water. This is due to the selective solvation of the π‐surface of cPDIs by alkyl chains of IPA and ionic side chains by water, as evidenced by molecular dynamic simulations. Moreover, by systematically changing the ratio between water and amphiphilic organic solvent, we could achieve an unprecedented supramolecular polymerization both by increasing and decreasing the solvent polarity.
Carboxylic Acid Reductase Can Catalyze Ester Synthesis in Aqueous Environments
Authors: Pongpamorn Pornkanok , Kiattisewee Cholpisit , Kittipanukul Narongyot , Jaroensuk Juthamas , Trisrivirat Duangthip , Maenpuen Somchart , Chaiyen Pimchai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMost of the well‐known enzymes catalyzing esterification require the minimization of water or activated substrates for activity. This work reports a new reaction catalyzed by carboxylic acid reductase (CAR), an enzyme known to transform a broad spectrum of carboxylic acids into aldehydes, with the use of ATP, Mg2+, and NADPH as co‐substrates. When NADPH was replaced by a nucleophilic alcohol, CAR from Mycobacterium marinum can catalyze esterification under aqueous conditions at room temperature. Addition of imidazole, especially at pH 10.0, significantly enhanced ester production. In comparison to other esterification enzymes such as acyltransferase and lipase, CAR gave higher esterification yields in direct esterification under aqueous conditions. The scalability of CAR catalyzed esterification was demonstrated for the synthesis of cinoxate, an active ingredient in sunscreen. The CAR esterification offers a new method for green esterification under high water content conditions.
A NIR‐Responsive Phytic Acid Nickel Biomimetic Complex Anchored on Carbon Nitride for Highly Efficient Solar Hydrogen Production
Authors: Huang Yuanyong , Jian Yaping , Li Longhua , Li Di , Fang Zhenyuan , Dong Weixuan , Lu Yahui , Luo Bifu , Chen Ruijie , Yang Yingchen , Chen Min , Shi Weidong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA challenge in photocatalysis consists in improving the efficiency by harnessing a large portion of the solar spectrum. We report the design and realization of a robust molecular‐semiconductor photocatalytic system (MSPS) consisting of an earth‐abundant phytic acid nickel (PA‐Ni) biomimetic complex and polymeric carbon nitride (PCN). The MSPS exhibits an outstanding activity at λ=940 nm with high apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 2.8 %, particularly λ>900 nm, as it outperforms all reported state‐of‐the‐art near‐infrared (NIR) hybrid photocatalysts without adding any noble metals. The optimum hydrogen (H2) production activity was about 52 and 64 times higher with respect to its pristine counterpart under the AM 1.5 G and visible irradiation, respectively, being equivalent to the platinum‐assisted PCN. This work sheds light on feasible avenues to prepare highly active, stable, cheap NIR‐harvesting photosystems toward sustainable and scalable solar‐to‐H2 production.
In Situ Synthesis of Photoactive Polymers on a Living Cell Surface via Bio‐Palladium Catalysis for Modulating Biological Functions
Authors: Qi Ruilian , Zhao Hao , Zhou Xin , Liu Jian , Dai Nan , Zeng Yue , Zhang Endong , Lv Fengting , Huang Yiming , Liu Libing , Wang Yilin , Wang Shu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCell surface engineering with functional polymers is an effective strategy to modulate cell activity. Here, a bio‐palladium catalyzed polymerization strategy was developed for in situ synthesis of conjugated polymers on living cell surfaces. Through Sonagashira polymerization, photoactive polyphenyleneethynylene (PPE) is synthesized on the cell surface via cell‐generated bio‐Pd catalyst. The in situ formed PPE is identified by excellent light‐harvest capacity and blue fluorescence on the surfaces of E. coli and C. pyrenoidosa. Besides imaging microbes for tracing the polymerization process, PPE also exhibits enhanced antibacterial activity against E. coli. It can also augment the ATP synthesis of C. pyrenoidosa through enlarging the light absorption and accelerating the cyclic electron transport of the algae. With this bio‐metal catalyzed polymerization method, functional polymers can be synthesized in situ on the living cell surface.
Docking of CuI and AgI in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Adsorption and Separation of Xenon
Authors: Wang Haoze , Shi Zhaolin , Yang Jingjing , Sun Tu , Rungtaweevoranit Bunyarat , Lyu Hao , Zhang Yue‐Biao , Yaghi Omar M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present a metal docking strategy utilizing the precise spatial arrangement of organic struts as metal chelating sites in a MOF. Pairs of uncoordinated N atoms on adjacent pyrazole dicarboxylate linkers distributed along the rod‐shaped Al–O secondary building units in MOF‐303 [Al(OH)(C5H2O4N2)] were used to chelate CuI and AgI with atomic precision and yield the metalated Cu‐ and Ag‐MOF‐303 compounds [(CuCl)0.50Al(OH)(C5H2O4N2) and (AgNO3)0.49Al(OH)(C5H2O4N2)]. The coordination geometries of CuI and AgI were examined using 3D electron diffraction and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy techniques. The resulting metalated MOFs showed pore sizes matching the size of Xe, thus allowing for binding of Xe from Xe/Kr mixtures with high capacity and selectivity. In particular, Ag‐MOF‐303 exhibited Xe uptake of 59 cm3 cm−3 at 298 K and 0.2 bar with a selectivity of 10.4, placing it among the highest performing MOFs.
Chemical Control of Spin‐Orbit Coupling and Charge Transfer in Vacancy‐Ordered Ruthenium(IV) Halide Perovskites
Authors: Vishnoi Pratap , Zuo Julia L. , Cooley Joya A. , Kautzsch Linus , Gómez‐Torres Alejandra , Murillo Jesse , Fortier Skye , Wilson Stephen D. , Seshadri Ram , Cheetham Anthony K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVacancy‐ordered double perovskites are attracting significant attention due to their chemical diversity and interesting optoelectronic properties. With a view to understanding both the optical and magnetic properties of these compounds, two series of RuIV halides are presented; A2RuCl6 and A2RuBr6, where A is K, NH4, Rb or Cs. We show that the optical properties and spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) behavior can be tuned through changing the A cation and the halide. Within a series, the energy of the ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer increases as the unit cell expands with the larger A cation, and the band gaps are higher for the respective chlorides than for the bromides. The magnetic moments of the systems are temperature dependent due to a non‐magnetic ground state with Jeff=0 caused by SOC. Ru‐X covalency, and consequently, the delocalization of metal d‐electrons, result in systematic trends of the SOC constants due to variations in the A cation and the halide anion.
Activating Lattice Oxygen at the Twisted Surface in a Mesoporous CeO2Single Crystal for Efficient and Durable Catalytic CO Oxidation
Authors: Xiao Yongchun , Li Hao , Xie Kui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractActivating lattice oxygen linked to active sites at surface remains a fundamental challenge in many catalytic reactions. Here we create well‐defined surface by directly growing porous CeO2single crystals at 2 cm scale and confining Pt in lattice to construct isolated Pt1/CeO2sites at a continuously twisted surface in a monolith. We demonstrate significantly enhanced activation of lattice oxygen linked to Pt ions in contrast to Ce ions in local structures. We show complete CO oxidation with air at 67 °C without degradation being observed after operation of 300 hours. The isolated Pt1/CeO2sites at twisted surfaces not only contribute to the chemisorption of CO but also effectively activate the lattice oxygen linked to Pt ion for CO oxidation. The current work would open a new route to activate lattice oxygen by incorporating well‐defined active structures confined at the surfaces.
Effect of expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on the thermal degradation and weathering of intumescent fire‐retardant coating
Authors: Ullah Sami , Ahmad Faiz , Al‐Sehemi Abdullah G. , Assiri Mohammed Ali , Raza Muhammad Rafi , Irfan Ahmad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis research aims to study the effect of ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite on the intumescent coating formulations (ICF). The coating presented in this research article is based on carbon source expandable graphite (EG), blowing agent melamine, acid source ammonium polyphosphate (APP), epoxy resin as a binder with polyamide amine. The stability of the developed coating was verified at 950°C for 1‐hour fire test. The results showed that the coating is stable and well bond with the steel substrate. The char was characterized by using FESEM, XRD, FTIR, DTA, TGA, XPS, Py‐GCMS and Weathering Test. The morphology of the char was studied by SEM of the coating after furnace fire test. XRD and FTIR show the presence of graphite, borophosphate; boron oxide and sassolite in the residual char. TGA and DTG disclosed that EG improved the residual mass of coating. XPS analysis showed the char residue of IF5‐APP‐EG contains carbon and oxygen contents 47.50 and 40.70, respectively. Py‐GCMS analysis described that the IF5‐APP‐EG released less gaseous compounds. The weathering test illustrated that's the char expansion of coatings samples was decreased due to the presence of a humid environment and UV light. The IF5‐APP‐EG showed the maximum char expansion, lower substrate temperature and high residual weight among the studied formulations.
Synergistic effects of aluminum hydroxide, red phosphorus, and expandable graphite on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of polyethylene
Authors: Thi Nhung Hac , Nguyen Thanh Nhan , Oanh Ho Thi , Trang Nguyen Thi Thu , Tham Do Quang , Nguyen Ha Tran , Van Nguyen Tuyen , Hoang Mai Ha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe flame‐retardant low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) composites loading aluminum hydroxide (ATH), red phosphorus (RP), and expandable graphite (EG) were successfully prepared. The flame retardancy, the thermo‐oxidative stability, and the mechanical property of the composites were investigated. The synergistic effect of ATH, RP, and EG on the flame‐retardant property and thermal behavior of LDPE were observed. The limiting oxygen index value of LDPE significantly increased from 17.1% to 25.4% upon the incorporation of 15 wt.% of the mixture of three fillers with ATH:RP:EG mass ratio of 1:1:1; and this composite achieved the V‐0 classification of the UL94 vertical burning test. The thermogravimetric analysis of this composite under air atmosphere revealed that its residue weight remained 27.89% at 900°C. Furthermore, the results of tension tests indicated that the surface modification of ATH by magnesium stearate and RP by poly(methylhydrosiloxane) noticeably improved the tensile strength and the elongation of the composite.
Permeability properties of a pressure induced compacted polymer liner in gas cylinder
Authors: Silvanius Mårten , Frånberg Oskar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe permeability properties of composite gas cylinders for breathing gas with polymer inner‐liner are investigated. The cylinder wall can be described as a composite membrane consisting of two layers. The permeability properties of the cylinder are presented as permeability coefficient and permselectivity. Deviation from the expected gas components might lead to incidents and potentially harmful situations when breathing gas from a compressed gas cylinder. Hence, gas permeability and potential changes in gas composition, must be considered when choosing cylinder materials. Cases of decompression sickness initiated this study. Experimental data show that pressure and oxygen fraction in the gas cylinder drops and that the permeability coefficient varies depending on the inner pressure. Permeability coefficients of 0.62–0.90 Barrer for oxygen and 0.44–0.56 Barrer for nitrogen are measured. Cracks in the inner‐liner have caused an accentuated drop in of oxygen fraction and pressure.