bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of automotive electric supercharging compressors
Authors: Podevin Pierre , Périlhon Christelle , Deligant Michael , Punov Plamen , Clenci Adrian , La Bourdonnaye Guillaume De 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The automotive electric supercharger provides high torque at low engine speeds. During accelerations, it fills the power gap due to the turbocharger’s inertia and avoids turbo lag. Its operation is of short duration because once this deficit has been juggled, it must be stopped in order not to generate unnecessary electricity consumption and to avoid overheating of the electric motor which would compromise its lifetime. Usually the power of automotive turbocharger is calculated assuming an adiabatic air compression and the adiabatic efficiency is assessed. At low speed or for low compression ratio, which is the case of electric supercharger, this hypothesis is no more valid and special experiments have to be done. On our test bench the compressor is driven by a turbine supplied with cold compressed air. Between the compressor and the turbine, a torque meter is inserted to measure the power given to the compressor shaft. The tests were conducted with a non-insulated compressor and an insulated compressor for eight iso-speeds. Additional tests were carried out to assess the actual power supplied to the fluid including bearing losses measurements and to assess the influence of different preload springs used to counter the axial thrust of the compressor. This article presents and analyses the results of this work.
MAPbBr3 single crystal based metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector enhanced by localized surface plasmon
Authors: Zhang Ziqi , Chen Kang , Xia Wei , Zuo Zhiyuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites (HOIPs) have appealed to researchers on account of excellent optoelectronic properties. Compared with films which possess grain boundaries, HOIPs single crystals with fewer defects behave excellent transport and recombination performances. In the family of HOIPs, single crystals of MAPbX3 (MA = CH3NH3
+, X = Cl, Br or I) are recognized as the most competitive candidates for optoelectronic applications. However, the photodetectors based on MAPbX3 have difficulties in detecting weak signals for lacking of gains without structure optimizations and extra energy transfer channels. In this study, taking advantage of MAPbBr3 single crystal (100) facets, planar metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors were fabricated with Au zigzag electrodes and modified Au nanoparticles (NPs) to realize localized Au surface plasmons (SPs). Compared to device without Au NPs, 2 times enhancement of photocurrent and responsivity have been achieved under 630 nm photon irradiation and 5 V bias. Furthermore, the surface metal structures can inhibit ionic migration to a certain extent. Potential mechanisms of the enhancements and suppressions are discussed in details to reveal the applications of this technique.
Impacts of brine disposal from water desalination plants on the physical environment in the Persian/Arabian Gulf
Authors: Campos Edmo J D , Vieira Filipe , Cavalcante Georgenes , Kjerfve Björn , Abouleish Mohamed , Shahriar Sakib , Mohamed Reem , Gordon Arnold L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Around the Persian (Arabian) Gulf, a considerable volume of freshwater is obtained by desalination of seawater with the residual brine dumped back into the Gulf. This discharge of saltier waters impacts the marine ecosystem and may also affect dynamic and thermodynamic processes. Here, a fully non-linear, high-resolution numerical model is used to investigate the physical impacts of brine discharge into the Gulf. Twin runs were executed. One with and another without brine discharge at specific points. The results show that, when brine is injected, surface gravity waves irradiate from the locations and induce perturbations in other thermodynamic variables in the far field. Instead of attenuating, the anomalies have long term impact. The differences between the two experiments show marked seasonal and spatial variability. The largest differences occur during the summer and are located mainly along the axis of the Gulf’s deeper channel. After 5 years of run, a budget calculation shows basin wide saline increase of about 0.2 g/kg, in agreement with previous studies. This might appear small when compared with the present Gulf mean salinity. However, the small change seems to be associated with significant variability in the spatial distribution and in the seasonal variability at different locations. It is found that there are regions in the Gulf where the standard deviation may represent serious consequences for living organisms in the marine environment.
Patenting antibody combination therapies
Authors: Feng Li , Chen Lin , Murphy Amanda , Jacobstein Jeffrey , Lewis Stacy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There is emerging, intense interest in antibody combination therapies. However, antibody combination therapies pose unique intellectual property challenges. In some instances, it may be difficult to obtain patents with claims that provide innovators with adequate protection for such inventions. Patent examiners often regard claims to a composition or use of an antibody in combination with another therapeutic agent as obvious if the individual components of the combination were both known and well-studied in the field for use in treating similar indications. Nevertheless, even if the individual components of a combination were known and generally effective, the combination therapy may not be obvious if there would not have been a motivation to specifically combine the individual components or if there was no reasonable expectation of success in combining the components. Antibody combination therapies may also offer fertile grounds for demonstrating objective evidence of nonobviousness for a particular combination, such as through unexpected results, if a sufficient nexus can be established across the scope of the claims and if the superior results constitute a significant improvement.
To treat or not to treat: left ventricular thrombus in a patient with cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a case report
Authors: Hilt Alexander D , Rasing Ingeborg , Schalij Martin J , Wermer Marieke J H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is an important cause of cognitive impairment and spontaneous lobar intracerebral haemorrhage in older individuals. When necessary, anticoagulant treatment in these patients comes with two dilemmas; significant intracerebral bleeding risk with treatment vs. high risk of embolic stroke with no treatment.

Case summary
A 66-year-old female patient presented to the emergency clinic with a ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Her past medical history revealed cognitive problems associated with lobar cerebral microbleeds on magnetic resonance imaging suspect for probable CAA. A primary percutaneous coronary intervention of the left anterior descending artery with implantation of drug eluting stent was performed. Dual antiplatelet treatment was started initially. During hospitalization, an impaired left ventricular (LV) function was observed with an apical aneurysm. Six months after the initial event, LV function remained stable however a LV thrombus was observed. Apixaban 5 mg twice daily was started based on multidisciplinary consensus and on its efficacy and safety profile in patients with atrial fibrillation. Despite treatment, patient suffered a new ischaemic stroke probably from the LV thrombus, for which vitamin K antagonist treatment was initiated and Apixaban discontinued.

Discussion
Evidence for LV thrombus treatment with direct oral anticoagulants in CAA patients is scarce, however feasible based on its efficacy and safety profile. For CAA patients, the cardinal role of both clinical and radiological characteristics in determining the risk-benefit ratio for anticoagulant initiation in this specific subset of patients, is crucial. The clinical course described highlights the therapeutical dilemma of coexisting CAA and the clinical challenge it creates.
Limit Behavior of Complex Special Lagrangian Equations With Neumann Boundary-Value Conditions
Authors: Han Xiaoli , Jin Xishen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We consider the following complex special Lagrangian equations with Neumann boundary conditions on a domain $\Omega \subset \mathbb{C}^{n} $: $$\begin{align*}& \left\{\begin{array}{ll} {\sum\limits_{i=1}^n \arctan k \lambda_{i} (H(u_{k,\varepsilon} ))=\Theta_k(z)} & {\textrm{ in } \Omega} \\{D_{\nu} {u_{k,\varepsilon }}=-\varepsilon{u_{k,\varepsilon }}+\varphi(z)} & {\textrm{ on } \partial \Omega}\end{array}\right.. \end{align*}$$We prove uniform global estimates for these equations. As $k\to +\infty $, we prove that $u_{ k,\varepsilon }$ converges to the solution of $J$-type equation with the same Neumann boundary condition on $\Omega $.
Early Career Research Profile: Bethany Moore
Authors: Moore Bethany M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Beth Moore is a Postdoctoral Researcher at University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA, where she investigates plant metabolism in Hiroshi Maeda’s lab. She received her bachelor’s degree in Zoology from North Carolina State University, USA, before moving to Michigan State University to earn a PhD with Shin-Han Shiu in 2019.
Molecular Phylogeny of the Notomicrine Water Beetles (Coleoptera: Noteridae) Reveals Signatures of Gondwanan Vicariance and Ecological Plasticity
Authors: Baca Stephen M , Short Andrew E Z 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNotomicrinae (Coleoptera: Noteridae) is a subfamily of minute and ecologically diverse aquatic beetles distributed across the Southeast Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. We investigate the evolution of Notomicrinae and construct the first species-level phylogeny within Noteridae using five nuclear and mitochondrial gene fragments. We focus on the genus Notomicrus Sharp (Coleoptera: Noteridae), sampling 13 of the 17 known Notomicrus species and an additional 11 putative undescribed species. We also include Phreatodytes haibaraensis Uéno (Coleoptera: Noteridae). Datasets are analyzed in Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian frameworks. With these, we 1) estimate divergence times among notomicrine taxa and reconstruct the biogeographical history of the group, particularly testing the hypothesis of Gondwanan vicariance between Old World and New World Notomicrus; 2) additionally, we assess ecological plasticity within Notomicrinae in the context of the phylogeny; and 3) finally, we test the monophyly of tentative species groups within Notomicrus and place putative new taxa. We recover a monophyletic Notomicrinae, with Phreatodytes sister to Notomicrus. We estimate the crown age of Notomicrinae to be ca. 110 Mya. The crown age of Notomicrus is recovered as ca. 75 Mya, there diverging into reciprocally monophyletic Old and New World clades, suggesting Gondwanan vicariance. Our phylogenetic estimate indicates a strong degree of ecological plasticity within Notomicrinae, with habitat switching occurring in recently diverging taxa. Finally, we recover five main species groups in Notomicrus, one Old World, Four New World, with tentative affirmation of the placement of undescribed species.
Analysis of Cocaine and Its Metabolites in Urine after Consumption of Coca Tea by Five Subjects and Subsequent Hair Testing
Authors: Feisthauer Emilie , Ameline Alice , Gheddar Laurie , Arbouche Nadia , Raul Jean-Sébastien , Kintz Pascal 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Coca tea is a popular drink in some countries of South America where it is reputed to have medicinal properties. This preparation is composed of natural cocaine (COC) alkaloids and therefore can be banned in some countries. During an anti-doping control in Peru the urine of an athlete tested positive for benzoylecgonine (BZE) ecgonine methyl ester (EME) and COC (400 180 and 0.5 ng/mL respectively). The athlete indicated that she had consumed coca tea in the morning before the competition. As her lawyer contacted us to assess the scientific aspects of the possible involvement of coca tea to explain the adverse analytical finding a study was implemented with similar tea bags urine specimens were collected for each subject for 3 days to follow the elimination of COC and metabolites (BZE and EME). All samples were analyzed byultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry after alkaline extraction. Maximum detection times for COC was 20 h with concentrations ranging from 6 to 91 ng/mL. Maximum detection times for BZE and EME were 70 h and 60 h respectively with concentrations ranging from 6 to 3,730 ng/mL and from 6 to 1,738 ng/mL. The concentration profiles were identical for the five volunteers. This study supports the athlete’s claims. In addition, the sample of hair strands of the five subjects was collected a month later and all the hair tests showed a negative result for COC with a limit of decision of 10 pg/mg. Although it is accepted that a 4 mg dose of COC has no significant pharmacological effect the consumption of coca tea can lead to significant legal consequences since the measured urine concentrations sometimes cannot be considered incidental. Therefore, discrimination between coca tea consumption and recreational COC abuse relies primarily on hair analysis.
Optimizing a Dual-Choice Cube Olfactometer Design for Measuring Adult Secondary Screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Attraction to a Resource
Authors: Flint Casey A , Tomberlin Jeffery K 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDetecting and locating a carrion resource is critical for the reproduction of necrophagous insects and initiating forensically important timelines. Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) primarily use olfactory cues in the form of volatile organic compounds to locate a suitable resource. Factors governing detecting and locating a resource have been studied using various behavior assays with modifications to suit the experiment design, such as the dual-choice cube olfactometer, which was examined in the current study. Systems optimization ensures biologically relevant and consistent results across replicates. In this study, two responses were measured: 1) leaving cube for either control or treatment and 2) choice between control and treatment. Phenotype (e.g., male, non-gravid, gravid) and total blow fly, Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), number to respond were measured. Four parameters were assessed for their impact on response: 1) adjustment time in cube before trial, 2) trial length, 3) sugar/water presence, and 4) screening type in arms. Approximately, 70% of all phenotypes responded to liver with the 30-min adjustment period where only 50% responded with other adjustment periods. Trial length had a significant impact on response (35% increase in the 8 h trial compared to shorter durations); however, significant response to treatment was lost by increasing trial length. The presence of sugar/water decreased gravid and non-gravid response by 35% but did not impact males. Screening had no influence on overall or treatment response. Data indicate experiment design impacts fly response. Future studies should optimize parameters for their given fly population prior to initiating experiments.
Comparing Three Music Therapy Interventions for Anxiety and Relaxation in Youth With Amplified Pain
Authors: Scheufler Ashley , Wallace Dustin P , Fox Emily 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Research in pediatric hospitals has shown that active music engagement, preferred music listening, and music-assisted relaxation can decrease anxiety and increase relaxation responses. However, there is little research on the use of music therapy with pediatric chronic pain conditions such as amplified pain syndromes. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of 3 specific music therapy interventions (active music engagement, live patient-selected music, and music-assisted relaxation) on anxiety and relaxation levels in youth (ages 10–18) participating in a 40 hr per week hospital-based intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment program. A sample of 48 patients participated in this study which utilized a 3-period, 3-treatment cross-over design with 3 interventions delivered in a quasi-randomized order determined by when the patients started the treatment program. State anxiety was measured via the state form of the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety for Children and relaxation scores were assessed with a Visual Analog Scale. Statistically significant changes were found in anxiety and relaxation outcomes across all interventions provided. Results suggest that music therapy services (using active music engagement, live patient-selected music, and music-assisted relaxation) may be an effective modality to decrease anxiety and increase relaxation levels in pediatric patients with amplified pain syndromes.
Predicting Toxicity and Response to Pembrolizumab Through Germline Genomic HLA Class 1 Analysis
Authors: Iafolla Marco A J , Yang Cindy , Chandran Vinod , Pintilie Melania , Li Quan , Bedard Philippe L , Hansen Aaron , Lheureux Stephanie , Spreafico Anna , Razak Albiruni A , Hakgor Sevan , Giesler Amanda , Pugh Trevor J , Siu Lillian L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Human leukocyte antigen class 1 (HLA-1)–dependent immune activity is linked to autoimmune diseases. HLA-1–dependent CD8+ T cells are required for immune checkpoint blockade antitumor activity. It is unknown if HLA-1 genotype is predictive of toxicity to immune checkpoint blockade.

Methods
Patients with advanced solid tumors stratified into 5 cohorts received single agent pembrolizumab (anti-programmed cell death-1) 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks in an investigator-initiated phase II trial (Investigator-Initiated Phase II Study of Pembrolizumab Immunological Response Evaluation study, NCT02644369). Germline whole-exome sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed using the Illumina HiSeq2500 platform. HLA-1 haplotypes were predicted from whole-exome sequencing using HLAminer and HLAVBSeq. Heterozygosity of HLA-A, -B, and -C, individual HLA-1 alleles, and HLA haplotype dimorphism at positions −21 M and −21 T of the HLA-A and -B leader sequence were analyzed as predictors of toxicity defined as grade 2 or greater immune-related adverse events and clinical benefit defined as complete or partial response, or stable disease for 6 or more cycles of pembrolizumab. Statistical significance tests were 2-sided.

Results
In the overall cohort of 101 patients, the frequency of toxicity and clinical benefit from pembrolizumab was 22.8% and 25.7%, respectively. There was no association between any of the HLA-1 loci or alleles with toxicity. HLA-C heterozygosity had an association with decreased clinical benefit relative to HLA-C homozygosity when controlling for cohort (odds ratio = 0.28, 95% confidence interval = 0.09 to 0.91, P = .04). HLA-A and -B haplotype −21 M/T dimorphism and heterozygosity of HLA-A, -B, and -C were not predictive of outcomes.

Conclusions
HLA-C heterozygosity may predict decreased response to pembrolizumab. Prospective validation is required.
Assessing trends in rat populations in urban and non-urban environments in the Netherlands
Authors: Maas Miriam , Helsloot Tamara , Takumi Katsuhisa , van der Giessen Joke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rats in urban areas pose health risks as they can transmit various zoonotic pathogens. Monitoring rat populations in urban areas is therefore a key determinant in risk assessments for taking adequate control and preventive measures. However, large-scale and long-term monitoring of rat populations is labor-intensive and time consuming. The aim of this study was to develop a low-cost and low-time- consuming method to gain insight into the trends of rat populations in urban and non-urban environments in the Netherlands, and to identify potential drivers of these trends. From 2014 to 2018, local municipalities or their pest control organizations voluntarily submitted quarterly overviews of rat nuisance reports in urban areas. For non-urban areas, a nationwide record of reported bycatch species from the muskrat control was used to assess a potential trend. To identify potential drivers of observed trends, employees of nine municipalities were interviewed. Rat nuisance reports from 25 municipalities were analyzed. An increasing trend in rat nuisance reports was observed in 12, a decreasing trend in 3 and no trend in 10 municipalities. In non-urban areas, no trend in the bycatch of rats was detected. The increase in rat nuisance reports was associated with a large municipality resident size. No consistent drivers could be identified, but potential drivers were discussed in the interviews. Although it was not possible to quantify their influence on the rat population trends seen, they provide direction for future studies on drivers of rat populations.
EU Cartel Law and Economics
Authors: Argenton Cedric , Geradin Damien , Stephan Andreas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The significant evolution of EU competition law in the last 15 years has been fundamentally influenced by economic theory, and economic aspects of cartel prosecution are increasingly relevant in modern competition practice. EU Cartel Law and Economics is the first book-length assessment of cartels from an integrated law and economics perspective. This perspective allows for a more insightful evaluation of the wide variety of practices at the intersection between collusive restrictions of competition and pro-competitive agreements between firms. It sheds light on the underlying mechanics of cartels, including how to detect anti-competitive conspiracies in the absence of hard evidence. It also provides a more conceptual approach to cartel law, outlining ways in which the current legal structure can be applied more effectively to deter anti-competitive conduct without discouraging pro-competitive forms of cooperation between firms. The book is divided into four parts: the first part provides a conceptual overview of the law and economics of cartels; the second part describes the central legal analysis in cartel cases; the third part summarises the regulatory process in cartel investigations; and the fourth part deals with civil damages. EU Cartel Law and Economics is a topical and innovative reference work written by recognised experts in the field.
A Primer on Cartels
Authors: Argenton Cédric , Geradin Damien , Stephan Andreas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter describes why and how firms try to form and run a cartel, and how these decisions relate to the economic theory of collusion. It first shows how firms form cartels to suppress or weaken the rivalry between them. They privately benefit from doing so but harm buyers (whether final consumers or other businesses) by artificially distorting the allocation of resources in the economy. The chapter then focuses on each of the elements needed for a cartel arrangement to be formed and to succeed, from the initial contact to the credible punishment mechanisms needed to prevent cheating. It looks at how cartels are set up and the challenges a cartel must overcome to maintain stability.
The Value of Anti-Cartel Rules
Authors: Argenton Cédric , Geradin Damien , Stephan Andreas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This concluding chapter draws together major insights from the previous chapters and considers their broader implications in economics. It argues that economics can and should contribute to informing the design of many aspects of cartel law, since the decision to participate in a cartel is essentially an economic one. Competition lawyers should therefore be prepared to take the time to follow and understand the arguments that economic theory or evidence bring to the table. Equally, competition economists' work needs take account of the practical and administrative realities of running an enforcement regime. Economics also has an important role to play in evaluating the value and effectiveness of competition law more generally. The chapter concludes by calling for the continued multi-disciplinary research of cartels and other questions of competition policy.