bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of the photon‐initiated photoacoustic streaming combined with different solutions on Enterococcus faecalis in the root canals
Authors: Wen Cheng , Kong Yuanyuan , Zhao Jian , Li Yang , Yu Miao , Zeng Sujuan , Shi Zhan , Jiang Qianzhou 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different irrigation solutions used in photon‐initiated photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) or conventional needle irrigation (CNI) for eradication of Enterococcus faecalis from artificial root canals. Altogether, 240 artificial root canal samples were included. The models were split and incubated for 2 days to allow formation of E. faecalis biofilm. The models were randomly divided into two groups (n = 120): CNI and laser‐activated irrigation (LAI). Each group was divided into six subgroups according to different irrigation solutions: distilled water, 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% NaOCl, 5.25% NaOCl, MTAD, and chlorhexidine, respectively. After irrigation, half of the samples (n = 10) were assessed immediately, and the other half of the samples (n = 10) were incubated for 6 hr. Bacterial suspensions were obtained from all samples before and after irrigation, and after incubation, and were quantified adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) assay kit. The biofilms were examined using fluorescent microscopy and analyzed by Image Pro Plus software. Significant reduction of ATP, average fluorescence density after irrigation, and growth after incubation was obtained in LAI group than in CNI group (p < .05). LAI can improve bacteriostasis effect of 2% NaOCl (p < .05). PIPS improved the antibacterial effect of the 2% NaOCl used in root canal therapy.
Effect of Shakuyaku‐kanzo‐to in patients with muscle cramps: A systematic literature review
Authors: Ota Koshi , Fukui Keisuke , Nakamura Eriko , Oka Masahiro , Ota Kanna , Sakaue Masahide , Sano Yohei , Takasu Akira 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious clinical studies have reported that Shakuyaku‐kanzo‐to (SKT) has a therapeutic effect on muscle cramps, but few studies have clarified how SKT acts to treat muscle cramps. The aim of this study was to perform an updated systematic review of clinical trials for SKT in patients with muscle cramps.MethodsThe literature was systematically reviewed to assess the effects of SKT in patients with muscle cramps. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Ichushi‐Web were searched using the terms “Shakuyaku‐kanzo‐to” (“shakuyakukanzoto”, etc), “clinical trials” and “muscle cramps”. Two quality assessments were conducted independently by three authors. Data were extracted using a standardized extraction tool, and a qualitative synthesis of evidence was performed.ResultsThree randomized controlled articles were identified and enrolled in this study. A systematic review, but not a meta‐analysis, was performed because of the high heterogeneity and limited number of studies. In patients with liver cirrhosis, the odds ratio (OR) for improvement with SKT compared to placebo was 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.445‐2.086) and compared to Goshajinkigan was 0.81 (95%CI, −1.734‐0.114). The OR for improvement with SKT compared with eperisone hydrochloride in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis was 2.86 (95%CI, 0.980‐4.744).ConclusionsCurrent evidence appears insufficient to allow a meta‐analysis of the effects of SKT, but SKT might show efficacy in treating muscle cramps in patients with cirrhosis or lumbar spinal stenosis.
Three‐colored asymmetric bipartite Ramsey number of connected matchings and cycles
Authors: Luo Zhidan , Peng Yuejian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGuaranteed by Szemerédi's Regularity Lemma, a technique originated by Łuczak is to reduce the problem of showing the existence of a monochromatic cycle to show the existence of a monochromatic matching in a component. So determining the Ramsey number of connected matchings is crucial in determining the Ramsey number of cycles. Let be integers and be the minimum integer such that for any red‐blue‐green coloring of , there is a red matching of size at least in a component, or a blue matching of size at least in a component, or a green matching of size at least in a component. Bucić, Letzter, and Sudakov determined the exact value of and led to the asymptotic value of 3‐colored bipartite Ramsey number of cycles (symmetric case). In this paper, we determine the exact value of completely. This answers a question of Bucić, Letzter, and Sudakov. The crucial part of the proof is the construction we give in Section 4. Applying the technique of Łuczak, we obtain the asymptotic value of 3‐colored bipartite Ramsey number of cycles for all asymmetric cases.
Systematic review on peri‐operative lactate measurements to predict outcomes in patients undergoing liver resection
Authors: Connolly Catherine , Stättner Stefan , Niederwieser Thomas , Primavesi Florian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLactate measurements have proven utility as a triage tool, therapeutic guide, and prognostic indicator, with broad use in Acute Care and transplantation. Its value in guiding therapy and predicting outcomes following liver resection is less well‐defined. This systematic review in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines assessed the relationship between peri‐operative lactate levels and morbidity and mortality after liver resection. Seven relevant studies comprising 2573 patients in total were identified. Six studies assessed intra‐operative or early postoperative lactate levels, one publication examined pre‐operative levels. All studies demonstrated a significant association between peri‐operative lactate levels and adverse outcomes. The influence of pre‐operative diabetes and cirrhosis on postoperative lactate levels was shown in one study each, no study assessed the association of lactate with post‐hepatectomy liver failure according to defined criteria. The heterogeneity of study measurements and end‐points precluded a meta‐analysis from being performed. Early postoperative lactate >3‐3.7 mmol/L is associated with mortality but validation of clear cut‐off levels for outcome prediction is pending. Literature suggests lactate is a useful predictive marker for outcomes post liver surgery, especially when measured in the early postoperative phase. Further research is required to standardize the use of lactate measurements in a meaningful therapeutic manner.
Redefining and revisiting cost estimates of routine ART care in Zambia: an analysis of ten clinics
Authors: Tucker Austin , Tembo Tannia , Tampi Radhika P , Mutale Jacob , Mukumba‐Mwenechanya Mpande , Sharma Anjali , Dowdy David W , Moore Carolyn B , Geng Elvin , Holmes Charles B , Sikazwe Izukanji , Sohn Hojoon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionAccurate costing is key for programme planning and policy implementation. Since 2011, there have been major changes in eligibility criteria and treatment regimens with price reductions in ART drugs, programmatic changes resulting in clinical task‐shifting and decentralization of ART delivery to peripheral health centres making existing evidence on ART care costs in Zambia out‐of‐date. As decision makers consider further changes in ART service delivery, it is important to understand the current drivers of costs for ART care. This study provides updates on costs of ART services for HIV‐positive patients in Zambia.MethodsWe evaluated costs, assessed from the health systems perspective and expressed in 2016 USD, based on an activity‐based costing framework using both top‐down and bottom‐up methods with an assessment of process and capacity. We collected primary site‐level costs and resource utilization data from government documents, patient chart reviews and time‐and‐motion studies conducted in 10 purposively selected ART clinics.ResultsThe cost of providing ART varied considerably among the ten clinics. The average per‐patient annual cost of ART service was $116.69 (range: $59.38 to $145.62) using a bottom‐up method and $130.32 (range: $94.02 to $162.64) using a top‐down method. ART drug costs were the main cost driver (67% to 7% of all costs) and are highly sensitive to the types of patient included in the analysis (long‐term vs. all ART patients, including those recently initiated) and the data sources used (facility vs. patient level). Missing capacity costs made up 57% of the total difference between the top‐down and bottom‐up estimates. Variability in cost across the ten clinics was associated with operational characteristics.ConclusionsReal‐world costs of current routine ART services in Zambia are considerably lower than previously reported estimates and sensitive to operational factors and methods used. We recommend collection and monitoring of resource use and capacity data to periodically update cost estimates.
Decreasing time to antiretroviral therapy initiation after HIV diagnosis in a clinic‐based observational cohort study in four African countries
Authors: Esber Allahna L , Coakley Peter , Ake Julie A , Bahemana Emmanuel , Adamu Yakubu , Kiweewa Francis , Maswai Jonah , Owuoth John , Robb Merlin L , Polyak Christina S , Crowell Trevor A ,   for the AFRICOS Study Group
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionWorld Health Organization (WHO) guidelines have shifted over time to recommend earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and now encourage ART initiation on the day of HIV diagnosis, if possible. However, barriers to ART access may delay initiation in resource‐limited settings. We characterized temporal trends and other factors influencing the interval between HIV diagnosis and ART initiation among participants enrolled in a clinic‐based cohort across four African countries.MethodsThe African Cohort Study enrols adults engaged in care at 12 sites in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Nigeria. Participants provide a medical history, complete a physical examination and undergo laboratory assessments every six months. Participants with recorded dates of HIV diagnosis were categorized by WHO guideline era (<2006, 2006 to 2009, 2010 to 2012, 2013 to 2015, ≥2016) at the time of diagnosis. Cox proportional hazard modelling was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for time to ART initiation.Results and discussionFrom January 2013 to September 2019, a total of 2888 adults living with HIV enrolled with known diagnosis dates. Median time to ART initiation decreased from 22.0 months (interquartile range (IQR) 4.0 to 77.3) among participants diagnosed prior to 2006 to 0.5 months (IQR 0.2 to 1.8) among those diagnosed in 2016 and later. Comparing those same periods, CD4 nadir increased from a median of 166 cells/mm3 (IQR: 81 to 286) to 298 cells/mm3 (IQR: 151 to 501). In the final adjusted model, participants diagnosed in each subsequent WHO guideline era had increased rates of ART initiation compared to those diagnosed before 2006. CD4 nadir ≥500 cells/mm3 was independently associated with a lower rate of ART initiation as compared to CD4 nadir <200 cells/mm3 (HR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.37). Age >50 years at diagnosis was independently associated with shorter time to ART initiation as compared to 18 to 29 years (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.61).ConclusionsConsistent with changing guidelines, the interval between diagnosis and ART initiation has decreased over time. Still, many adults living with HIV initiated treatment with low CD4, highlighting the need to diagnose HIV earlier while improving access to immediate ART after diagnosis.
Dietary lipids in glycogen storage disease type III: A systematic literature study, case studies, and future recommendations
Authors: Rossi Alessandro , Hoogeveen Irene J. , Bastek Vanessa B. , de Boer Foekje , Montanari Chiara , Meyer Uta , Maiorana Arianna , Bordugo Andrea , Dianin Alice , Campana Carmen , Rigoldi Miriam , Kishnani Priya S. , Pendyal Surekha , Strisciuglio Pietro , Gasperini Serena , Parenti Giancarlo , Parini Rossella , Paci Sabrina , Melis Daniela , Derks Terry G. J. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryA potential role of dietary lipids in the management of hepatic glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) has been proposed, but no consensus on management guidelines exists. The aim of this study was to describe current experiences with dietary lipid manipulations in hepatic GSD patients. An international study was set up to identify published and unpublished cases describing hepatic GSD patients with a dietary lipid manipulation. A literature search was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration methodology through PubMed and EMBASE (up to December 2018). All delegates who attended the dietetics session at the IGSD2017, Groningen were invited to share unpublished cases. Due to multiple biases, only data on GSDIII were presented. A total of 28 cases with GSDIII and a dietary lipid manipulation were identified. Main indications were cardiomyopathy and/or myopathy. A high fat diet was the most common dietary lipid manipulation. A decline in creatine kinase concentrations (n = 19, P < .001) and a decrease in cardiac hypertrophy in paediatric GSDIIIa patients (n = 7, P < .01) were observed after the introduction with a high fat diet. This study presents an international cohort of GSDIII patients with different dietary lipid manipulations. High fat diet may be beneficial in paediatric GSDIIIa patients with cardiac hypertrophy, but careful long‐term monitoring for potential complications is warranted, such as growth restriction, liver inflammation, and hepatocellular carcinoma development.
An emerging role for endothelial barrier support therapy for congenital disorders of glycosylation
Authors: Brucker William J. , Croteau Stacy E. , Prensner John R. , Cullion Kate , Heeney Matthew M. , Lo Jeffrey , McAlvin James B. , Peeler Katherine , Shah Nidhi , Yee Christina S. K. , Berry Gerard T. , Bodamer Olaf 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCongenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are clinically heterogeneous disorders defined by a decreased ability to modify biomolecules with oligosaccharides. Critical disruptions in protein recognition, interaction, binding, and anchoring lead to broad physiological effects. Patients present with endocrinopathy, immunodeficiency, hepatopathy, coagulopathy, and neurodevelopmental impairment. Patients may experience mortality/morbidity associated with shock physiology that is frequently culture negative and poorly responsive to standard care. Oedema, pleural and pericardial effusions, ascites, proteinuria, and protein‐losing enteropathy are observed with an exaggerated inflammatory response. The negative serum protein steady state results from several mechanisms including reduced hepatic synthesis and secretion, increased consumption, and extravasation. Disruption of the glycocalyx, a layer of glycosylated proteins that lines the endothelium preventing thrombosis and extravasation, is a suspected cause of endothelial dysfunction in CDG patients. We performed a retrospective review of CDG patients admitted to our institution with acute illness over the past 2 years. Longitudinal clinical and laboratory data collected during the sick and well states were assessed for biomarkers of inflammation and efficacy of interventions. Six patients representing 4 CDG subtypes and 14 hospitalisations were identified. Acute D‐dimer elevation, proteinuria, decreased serum total protein levels, coagulation proteins, and albumin were observed with acute illness. Infusion of fresh frozen plasma, and in some cases protein C concentrate, was associated with clinical and biomarker improvement. This was notable with intra‐patient comparison of treated vs untreated courses. Use of endothelial barrier support therapy may reduce endothelial permeability by restoring both regulatory serum protein homeostasis and supporting the glycocalyx and is likely a critical component of care for this population.
TCR repertoire analysis reveals phosphoantigen-induced polyclonal proliferation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in neonates and adults
Authors: Fichtner Alina S , Bubke Anja , Rampoldi Francesca , Wilharm Anneke , Tan Likai , Steinbrück Lars , Schultze-Florey Christian , von Kaisenberg Constantin , Prinz Immo , Herrmann Thomas , Ravens Sarina 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Vγ9Vδ2 T cell subset is the major γδ T cell subset in human peripheral blood and has the unique ability to contribute to immune surveillance by detecting pyrophosphorylated metabolites of isoprenoid synthesis, termed phosphoantigens (pAgs). Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are first detected at midgestation and show postnatal expansion. Interestingly, neonatal Vγ9Vδ2 T cells display a higher TCR repertoire diversity with more public clonotypes and lower pAg responsiveness than in adults. Notably, it is not known whether postnatal changes occur by TCR-dependent reactivity to pAg exposure. Here, we applied next-generation sequencing of γδ TCR repertoires to understand potential differences in the pAg-mediated response of neonatal and adult Vγ9Vδ2 T cells at the level of the expressed γδ TCR. We observed a polyclonal pAg-induced response of neonatal and adult Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, albeit neonatal γδ T cells showed less in vitro pAg responsiveness. Neonatal Vγ9Vδ2 T cells displayed a less pronounced bias for Jδ1 usage and a more frequent use of Jδ2 or Jδ3 that remained stable after pAg exposure. In addition, public and private Vδ2 TRD clones took part in the polyclonal pAg-induced response in neonates and adults. In conclusion, adult and neonatal Vγ9Vδ2 T cells both undergo polyclonal pAg-induced proliferation, whereas especially adult Vγ9Vδ2 T cells display a high stability at the level of the expressed TCR repertoire.
Ultrasound Microvascular Imaging Based on Super‐Resolution Radial Fluctuations
Authors: Zhang Jiabin , Li Nan , Dong Feihong , Liang Shuyuan , Wang Di , An Jian , Long Yunfei , Wang Yuexiang , Luo Yukun , Zhang Jue 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesSuper‐resolution ultrasound (SRUS) has become a tool for in vivo microvascular imaging. Most of the SRUS methods are based on microbubble localization: namely, ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM). The aim of this study was to develop a nonlocalization SRUS method and verify its feasibility in microvascular imaging.MethodsWe introduce a new super‐resolution strategy based on the postprocessing of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound. The proposed method, which is termed ultrasound diffraction attenuation microscopy (UDAM), uses super‐resolution radial fluctuations instead of microbubble localization to overcome acoustic diffraction limits. Biceps of Japanese long‐ear white rabbits were adopted to validate its feasibility on muscle vascular imaging, using a clinical accessible ultrasound system at a frame rate of 30 Hz under a single bolus injection of SonoVue (Bracco SpA, Milan, Italy). The super‐resolution image was compared with the maximum‐intensity projection and ULM.ResultsThe animal study illustrates that the proposed UDAM can obtain super‐resolution microvascular images of rabbits’ muscles under a single bolus injection of SonoVue with a 150‐second contrast‐enhanced ultrasound video. Both ULM and UDAM can achieve a very similar vascular structure with the maximum‐intensity projection but much higher spatial resolution. The measurement of 1‐dimensional signals shows that UDAM can distinguish the subwavelength structures and substantial reduce the full width at half‐maximum of microvessels.ConclusionsWe conclude UDAM provides a noninvasive tool for in vivo super‐resolution microvascular imaging.
Surgery versus Imaging in Non‐Localizing Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Cost‐Effectiveness Model
Authors: Frank Ethan , Watson WayAnne , Fujimoto Shannon , De Andrade Filho Pedro , Inman Jared , Simental Alfred 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo determine whether advanced imaging is cost‐effective compared to primary bilateral neck exploration in the management of non‐localizing primary hyperparathyroidism.Study DesignCost‐effectiveness analysis.MethodsCost‐effectiveness analysis based on decision tree model and available Medicare financial data using data from 347 consecutive patients having parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism with either 1) positive, concordant ultrasound and sestamibi or 2) negative sestamibi and negative ultrasound.ResultsBilateral neck exploration (BNE) costs $9578 and has a success rate of 97.3%. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) + minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) was modeled to have a total cost of $8197 with a success rate of 98.6%. SPECT/computed tomography (CT) + MIP was modeled to have a total cost of $8271 and a 98.9% success rate. Four‐dimensional (4D)–CT + MIP was modeled to cost $8146 with a success rate of 99%. Incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (IECR) (as compared to BNE) were −536.1, −605.5, and −701.6 ($/percent cure rate) for SPECT, SPECT/CT, and 4D‐CT respectively. One‐way sensitivity analyses demonstrate the change in IECR and cut‐off points (IECR = 0) for four major variables.ConclusionsIn patients with non‐localizing primary hyperparathyroidism, advanced imaging is associated with cost‐savings compared to routine bilateral neck exploration. Increased cost‐savings were predicted with increased imaging accuracy and decreased imaging costs. Increasing time for BNE or decreasing time for MIP were associated with increased cost savings.Level of EvidenceIII Laryngoscope, 2020
Peri‐Interview Communication in the Otolaryngology Residency Match: The Applicant Perspective
Authors: Masciello Maria , Malekzadeh Sonya 
Published: February 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate peri‐interview communication in the otolaryngology Match from the applicant's perspective.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey study.MethodsA survey link was emailed to 401 otolaryngology residency applicants from the 2019 Match cycle. Survey items queried peri‐interview communication practices and applicants' attitudes toward communication in the postinterview period. Data were collected anonymously. Qualitative analysis was performed for descriptive statistics. Responses from female and male participants were compared using Fisher exact tests.ResultsThe survey yielded a 44% (56% male, 44% female) response rate and a 100% completion rate. Of applicants, 18% were told they were ranked to match, and 19% were asked how highly they planned to rank a given program. Interview questions regarding marital status and plans for children were asked to 38% and 12%, respectively. The majority (75%) believe peri‐interview communication should be allowed. Most (65%) participants felt obligated to inform top program(s) of their high rank; however, only 45% of applicants found this to be stressful. Peri‐interview communication may have altered the rank list for 10% of applicants. Of applicants, 96% created their final rank list based on where they most wanted to match rather than where they would most likely match.ConclusionsNational Resident Matching Program peri‐interview communication violations occur in the otolaryngology Match at similar rates when compared to other specialties. Although peri‐interview communication can cause significant stress, the majority of otolaryngology residency applicants believe peri‐interview communication should be allowed and do not believe it alters applicants' rank lists.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:28–32, 2021