bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polysulfide-Shuttle Control in Lithium-Sulfur and Sodium-Sulfur Batteries with Polymer-Coated Solid-State Electrolytes
Authors: Yu Xingwen , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: February 2020

The emerging lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are gaining much attention as a promising next-generation energy storage technology.1 An analogous battery system with a sodium-sulfur chemistry has recently started to receive considerable attention as well.2 The electrochemical mechanism of the Li-S and Na-S batteries is quite similar and the charge-discharge processes of these two batteries involve the formation of soluble polysulfide intermediate species. Therefore, the development of both of these two battery systems is facing a critical obstacle due to the so-called “polysulfide-shuttle” behavior during cell operation.3, 4 Although a lot of efforts have been attempted to address such a challenge since it has been recognized many years ago, there is still a lack of reliable approaches that can fully prevent the polysulfide-shuttle without bringing any other negative effects to the Li-S or Na-S cell systems.
Herein we present an alternative strategy to suppress the polysulfide-shuttle in Li-S and Na-S batteries with, respectively, a Li+-ion conductive and a Na+-ion conductive solid-state electrolytes.5, 6 However, the use of a solid electrolyte usually brings an additional challenge in maintaining an adequate ionic interface between the lithium or sodium anodes and the solid electrolytes. Therefore, a strategic approach by coating the solid-state electrolytes with a thin layer of a polymer has been developed. The polymer coating on the ceramic solid-state electrolyte offers a facile interface with the metal electrodes. Both the Li-S batteries and the Na-S batteries with the polymer-coated solid-electrolyte membrane show enhanced cycling stability.

References

X. W. Yu and A. Manthiram, Accounts Chem Res, 2017, 50, 2653-2660.

A. Manthiram and X. W. Yu, Small, 2015, 11, 2108-2114.

Y. X. Wang, B. W. Zhang, W. H. Lai, Y. F. Xu, S. L. Chou, H. K. Liu and S. X. Dou, Adv Energy Mater, 2017, 7, 1602829.

A. Manthiram, X. W. Yu and S. Wang, Nat Rev Mater, 2017, 2, 16103.

X. Yu and A. Manthiram, Adv Funct Mater, In Presss, doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201805996.

X. W. Yu, Z. H. Bi, F. Zhao and A. Manthiram, Adv Energy Mater, 2016, 6, 1601392.
Porous PEO-Silica Hybrid Solid Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Weldekidan Ephrem Terefe , Hornebecq Virginie , Lebouin Chrystelle 
Published: February 2020

Dry polymer electrolytes based on poly (ethylene oxide), PEO, and Li-salt complexes are one of the most cheapest, environmentally friendly and promising materials for developing safe, cheap and durable all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. The rigid structures that are interesting from the point of view of application in all-solid-state battery cells are characterized by low conductivity at ambient temperatures. Dispersion of oxide nanoparticles inside the PEO-matrix greatly improves the physicochemical properties of the complex due to the physical interaction between the grains and the polymer matrix. Unfortunately, such a great effect drops at high loading-content, mostly above 10 wt%, owing to agglomeration of the nanoparticles and the consequence Li-ion blocking effect.
In our work, we have proposed a novel approach that leads to a porous composite electrolyte consisted of higher weight fraction of nanoporous silica than PEO polymer. Here, the polymer-salt complex is being entirely soaked inside the mesoporous silica matrix that offers the mechanical support for the electrolyte. To do this, the walls of silica pores are tailored in the controlled manner with low molecular weight PEO polymer chains. The studied system that contained 70 to 80 wt% of SiO2 showed high conductivity, excellent mechanical strength and wide electrochemical potential window. Textural and structural properties of the starting materials and the hybrid electrolytes will be presented. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of the porous electrolytes will be discussed to demonstrate the feasibility of our materials as solid electrolytes in all-solid-state Li-ion battery cells.
New Polymer Electrolytes for Safe All Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Martinez-Ibañez Maria , Aldalur Itziar , Sánchez-Diez Eduardo , Oteo Uxue , Piszcz Michal , Zhang Heng , Armand Michel 
Published: February 2020

Driven by the growing demand in energy and the challenge of finding new green energy sources to replace the excessively used fossil fuels, electrochemical energy storage arises as the key alternative to meet the needs of current society. Among all the available electrochemical storage devices, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been extensively investigated as the most suitable choice. Besides, there has been an increasing interest in the research of rechargeable lithium metal batteries (LMBs), where a higher energy density can be achieved compared to the state of art LIBs technologies, due to the high specific capacity provided by lithium metal electrode.
As one of the most critical components, the choice of the electrolyte is very important for preparing safe and high performance LMBs. Most of the commercial batteries are built up with liquid electrolytes based on lithium salts and organic solvents. However, safety concerns such as volatilization, flammability and explosion has tipped the scale in favor of the search of solvent-free solid electrolytes, for which solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) emerge as one of the most promising choices. In addition to the excellent flexibility, ease of processing and low cost, SPEs can mitigate the Li dendrite growth that takes place in conventional liquid electrolytes, attenuate the interfacial resistance, and improve the electrode-electrolyte compatibility compared to their inorganic solid electrolytes counterparts. Nevertheless, the low Li-ion conductivity, several orders of magnitude lower than those of the conventional liquid electrolytes, remains as the major hindrance towards the practical deployment of all solid-state lithium polymer batteries (ASSLPBs).1,2 Moreover, SPEs are usually characterized by a low lithium-ion transference number (T
Li
+ < 0.5) and consequently are more susceptible to polarization phenomena that eventually limit the power density and cycle life of ASSLPBs.3 Thus, studies on new polymer electrolytes is urgent to improve the performance of ASSLPBs and meet the market requirements.
Inspired by these challenges, in this presentation the performance of new flexible and highly conductive SPEs is provided. Furthermore, the role of different additives on the performance of novel single lithium-ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes (SLIC-SPEs) is elucidated.

References:

Mauger, A., Armand, M., Julien, C. M. & Zaghib, K. Challenges and issues facing lithium metal for solid-state rechargeable batteries. J. Power Sources
353, 333–342 (2017).

Fan, L., Wei, S., Li, S., Li, Q. & Lu, Y. Recent Progress of the Solid-State Electrolytes for High-Energy Metal-Based Batteries. Adv. Energy Mater.
1702657, 1702657 (2018).

Zhang, H. et al. Single lithium-ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes: advances and perspectives. Chem. Soc. Rev.
46, 797–815 (2017).
Engineering Lithium Metal Surface to Enable Long-Term Cycling with Carbonate-Based Electrolytes
Authors: Huang Jinhua , Peebles Cameron , Cheng Gang , Strand Dee , Zhu Ye 
Published: February 2020

The continued commercialization of electric vehicles in the transportation industry relies on developing high energy density batteries capable of long cycle life. Of all battery anode materials being studied, lithium (Li) metal affords the highest theoretical capacity (3,860 mAh/g) and lowest electrochemical potential (-3.04 C vs SHE) which offers the highest specific energy density. While Li-ion batteries are capable of delivering energy densities of 400-600 Wh/kg-1, the development of Li-S and Li-air batteries may boost this number to ~650 and ~950 Wh/kg-1, respectively. However, significant progress towards the passivation of Li metal anodes must occur before any of the anode’s potential can fully be realized. Issues with Li dendrite formation, anode volume expansion and continual SEI buildup often result in significant safety concern and poor cycle life of Li metal batteries. To circumvent these problems the use of electrolyte additives, high salt concentration electrolytes and the formation of Li metal anode interfaces have been studied. However, the intrinsic high reactivity between Li metal with conventional Li ion electrolyte (organic carbonated-based solvents) makes it extremely difficult to overcome these problems.
To this end, Wildcat Discovery Technologies has developed both in situ and ex situ surface passivation method for Li metal to significantly boost the cycling performance of Li metal batteries. Thanks to Wildcat proprietary high-throughput technology, we are able to screen numerous passivation materials in combination with a variety of electrolyte compositions. As a result, we found several protection layers of the Li metal anode surface that showed significant improvement on cycling even at 0.9mA/cm2 charging current.
Mechanical Properties of Lithium Metal for Next Generation Batteries
Authors: Masias Alvaro , Felten Nando , Sakamoto Jeff 
Published: February 2020

Recent technological innovations such as electrified vehicles and personal electronics have enabled by meaningful advances in lithium ion batteries. Due to long term investment in battery materials and manufacturing, this technology has improved at a relatively steady 8% per year (in terms of specific energy, Wh/kg) since introduction in 1991. To increase the rate of electrified vehicle adoption, revolutionary improvements in battery technology are needed beyond what is currently available.
Currently, three chemistries comprise the next generation battery direction; solid-state (SS), lithium-sulfur and lithium-air. All of these chemistries would benefit from the use of lithium metal anodes as one of the primary means of improving energy density. A SS separator of comparable dimensions as a conventional polyolefin separator could lead to ~100% improvement in cell energy density by enabling metallic lithium anodes [1]. Despite the considerable interest and dependence on lithium anodes in future generation batteries, its mechanical properties are poorly understood. The successful integration of pure lithium metal anodes will require understanding and predicting its mechanical behavior under static and cycling conditions.
Recently our group investigated the elastic, plastic and creep behavior or lithium metal [2]. This presentation will extend the scope from our previous study emphasizing general property characterization to more battery specific mechanical environments, specifically aspect ratio and strain speed. Modern lithium ion battery electrodes having large surface area to volume ratios yielding low aspect ratios which are very different than traditional mechanical testing (i.e. 2 to 4). Additionally there is growing interest in fast charge/discharge, resulting in relatively short periods of mechanical compression, again different from traditional strain speeds (i.e. 1x10-3 sec-1). The impact of aspect ratio and strain rate on lithium’s mechanical properties will be shown.
REFERENCES
[1] Albertus, P. et al. Nature Energy, 3 (2018) 16-21.
[2] Masias, A. et al. J. Mat. Sci., 54(3) (2018), 2585-2600.
Investigation of Li Ion Dynamics in Garnet Oxide Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Dai Jin 
Published: February 2020

To overcome the safety issue of liquid electrolytes in conventional lithium-ion batteries, various solid-state inorganic electrolytes have been studied. Among them, lithium garnet oxides have been attracting research interests due to their high ionic conductivity, Li7-xLa3Zr2-xTaxO12 (LLZTO) with have a at room temperature with a maximum value around x = 0.51,2.
There are two different structures of lithium garnet oxides, a cubic structure with space group Iad and a tetragonal phase with space group I41/acd. The cubic structure has two types of Li sites, i.e., tetrahedral (Td) 24d sites and octahedral (Oh) 48g sites. The tetragonal structure has four types of Li sites, i.e., Td-8a, Td-16e, Oh-16f, and Oh-32g sites. The fully empty 16e sites and fully occupied the other sites in tetragonal structure makes its conductivity about 2 orders lower than the cubic phase. However, the complexity of structure hindered the understanding of the mechanism of lithium ion conduction.
In this paper, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on Li6.5La3ZrTaO12 based on classic MD simulation from both the interatomic potential and DFTB methods to study its structure and properties including lattice parameters, diffusion parameters, ionic conductivities, dielectric constants, and elastic moduli. The results are extracted through correlation function that was used for simple liquids3. The consistency of our results with the reported experimental ones helped us to understand the Li diffusion mechanism.

References

(1) Y. X. Wang and W. Lai "High Ionic Conductivity Lithium Garnet Oxides of Li7-xLa3Zr2-xTaxO12 Compositions," Electrochem. Solid State Lett.
2012, 15, A68-A71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.024205esl
(2) Y. T. Li, J. T. Han, C. A. Wang, H. Xie, and J. B. Goodenough "Optimizing Li+ conductivity in a garnet framework," J. Mater. Chem.
2012, 22, 15357-15361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2jm31413d
(3) In Theory of Simple Liquids (Fourth Edition); J.-P. Hansen and I. R. McDonald, Eds.; Academic Press: Oxford, 2013, p i.
The Effect of Support Salt on Penetration Depth of Reaction of Electrochemical Reduction of Sulfur into Volume of Positive Electrode of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Karaseva Elena , Kuzmina Elena , Kolosnitsyn Dmitrii , Melnikova Anna , Shakirova Nadezhda , Kolosnitsyn Vladimir 
Published: February 2020

Lithium-sulfur batteries are batteries with a liquid cathode. Electrochemical transformations of sulfur and the products of its reduction (lithium polysulfides and lithium sulfide) occur on the surface of carbon particles, forming a porous carbon conductive matrix (porous carbon electrode).The depth and rate of electrochemical transformations of sulfur and lithium polysulfides are determined by both the properties of the carbon matrix (porosity, specific surface area, electrical conductivity, sorption capacity towards sulfur and lithium polysulfides) and the properties of electrolyte systems. One of the most important parameters of a porous electrode is the characteristic length - the penetration depth of the electrochemical process into the electrode volume, the value of which is determined by the ratio of the conductivity of electrolyte and charge transfer resistance (equation).
We studied the effect of the conductivity of electrolyte solutions and the surface capacity of sulfur electrodes on the depth of the electrochemical reduction of sulfur (figure). The sulfur electrodes (d=2.85 cm, A=6.38 cm2) used in this study had the following composition: S (99.5%, Acros) - 70% wt., Ketjenblack® EC-600JD (Akzo Nobel) - 10% wt., Polyethylene oxide (ММ=4x106, Aldrich) - 20% wt. The negative electrodes (d=2.55 cm, A=5.10 cm2) were made of lithium foil (99.9%, Russia) with a thickness of 120 micrometers. 1M solution of LiSO3CF3 in sulfolane (specific conductivity is 0.87 mS/cm at 30 0C) and 1M solution of LiClO4 in sulfolane (specific conductivity is 2.23 mS/cm at 30 0C) were used as electrolytes. The content of electrolytes into lithium-sulfur cells was 4 microliters per 1 mAh, which is equivalent to 6.7 microliters per 1 mg of sulfur. The electrolyte was introduced into lithium-sulfur cells using a “MICROLITERTM Syringe” (Hamilton Company, USA) with a volume of 50 microliters. The accuracy of electrolyte dosing into the cells was ±5 %.
It was established that the penetration depth of the reactions of electrochemical reduction of sulfur and lithium polysulfides into volume of the sulfur electrode is higher in 1M solution of LiClO4 in sulfolane than 1M solution of LiSO3CF3 in sulfolane. The observed patterns are explained from the standpoint of the theory of a porous electrode.
This work was performed as part Government Order of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (theme No. АААА-А17-117011910031-7) and was also financially supported by Russian Science Foundation (Project No 17-73-20115) and by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No 16-29-06190).

Figure 1
Superior Lithium/Potassium Storage Capability of Nitrogen-Rich Porous Carbon Nanosheets Derived from Petroleum Coke
Authors: Li Peng , Sun Yang-Kook 
Published: February 2020

Tremendous attention has been paid to carbon-based anodes for lithium-ion and potassium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, conferring high energy storage properties using carbon-based anodes is still challenging. In this work, petroleum coke-based nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanosheets (N-PCSs) were prepared using carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as both a template and nitrogen source and tested as advanced anode materials. The as-obtained N-PCSs constructed through an in situ solid-state approach take advantage of both the high capacity and excellent cycling stability. High capacities were obtained for Li-ion and K-ion batteries (407 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles at 3720 mA g-1 and 206 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles at 1000 mA g-1, respectively); these are some of the best capacities for carbon-based electrode materials and could be ascribed to the unique microstructure of the anodes, i.e., nanosheet morphology, developed porosity, ultrahigh nitrogen doping, and high level of disorder. Meanwhile, this study provides a milestone for high-valued utilization of petroleum coke and other kinds of heavy oil.
References:
1. J.-H. Lee, C.-S. Yoon, J.-Y. Hwang, S.-J. Kim, F. Maglia, P. Lamp, S.-T Myung and Y.-K. Sun, Energy Environ. Sci. 2016, 9, 2152.
2. K. Share, A. P. Cohn, R. Carter, B. Rogers and C. L. Pint, ACS Nano, 2016, 10, 9738.
3. M.-G. Jeong, H. L. Du, M. Islam, J.-K. Lee, Y.-K. Sun and H.-G. Jung, Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 5600.

Figure 1
Understanding Criteria of Cross-Linking Polymer As Effective Binder for Si-Based Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Wang Shuo , Lei Jiafeng , Duan Qiaohui , Yu Denis Y.W. 
Published: February 2020

Silicon is a promising anode material for lithium-ion battery because of its high theoretical capacity of 3500 mAh g-1 (formation of Li15Si4) and low operating potential (0.4 V vs Li/Li+) against lithium. However, particle cracking and electrode delamination induced by the large volume change during lithiation and delithiation degrade the cycle performance significantly. Binder in the electrode thus plays an important role in holding the active materials and carbon together. So far, polymers such as alginate and polyimide have been most commonly studied as alternative binder for Si electrodes. While cycle performance is improved, so far there has not been any guiding principles based on the properties of the polymers that can tell a “good” binder from a “bad” one without physically testing it.
In this study, we aim at developing a basic understanding on how the mechanical and chemical properties of binders affect cycle performance of Si-based electrodes. We start with polymers with different functional groups such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) and add different amount of borax as cross-linker into the electrodes. By tuning the amount of borax, we can tune the mechanical properties of the binder. We found that amongst the different binder combinations, PAA-borax gives the best electrochemical property in terms of capacity and cycle retention. In addition, the performances are highly dependent on the amount of borax. Figure 1 shows the cycle performance and rate performance of Si electrodes with PAA-borax as the binder. While the capacity fading is significant without borax cross-linker, addition of a small amount of borax improves cycle stability. In particular, we observe that there is an optimal amount of borax of 5% that gives excellent cycle performance. More mechanical characterizations of the electrodes with methods such as in-situ dilatometry and indentation, as well as chemical characterizations such as Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) are underway to understand the reason for the observed performance, and the results will be shown during the meeting.

Figure 1
Multi-Textured Structure Cathode Materials to Accommodate the Fast Charging for Lithium Secondary Batteries
Authors: Min Byeong-Cheol , Lee Sang-Min , Kim Jeom-Soo 
Published: February 2020

Small-sized portable electronic devices have been lead the lithium secondary battery industry to this day. In recent years, demands for lithium secondary batteries in the field of electrified vehicles have increased sharply, and this is about to overtake the demand from the conventional fields such as portable electronics. As the battery size gets larger, a charging time is getting more important especially in automobile sectors. The rapid kinetics must be satisfied at both electrodes simultaneously in a lithium secondary cell under increased charging current in order to reduce the charging time. Spinel and olivine materials were suggested as high rate materials for positive electrodes, however those materials have the limitation of lower energy density compared to layered structure one.
In this study, a specially designed hydroxide precursor with NCM chemistry was synthesized by using a conventional co-precipitation method. The hydroxide precursor has a multi-textured structure of a dense sphere encapsulated with a porous layer. The final product synthesized with this precursor was evaluated as an active material for a positive electrode under fast charging conditions. The details of results will be presented including physico-chemical and electrochemical properties of the precursor and final product at the meeting.
Recycling Spent Battery Cathode Materials Using Electrochemical Relithiation
Authors: Li Xuemin , Burrell Anthony , Ban Chunmei 
Published: February 2020

Lithium ion batteries are composed of high-cost metals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, and manganese. Limited resources of these raw materials motivate battery material recycling and reusing, which at the same time alleviates environmental pollution. Reuse of worn battery electrodes does not damage the original cathode materials and avoids multi-steps of chemical reactions. The strategy of battery electrode reusing should be developed based on the battery degradation mechanisms. Therefore, understanding the major degradation factors of the end-of-life batteries is helpful to develop an efficient way for cathode reusing. Layered transitional metal oxides with a general formula LiNixMnyCozO2 (x+y+z=1) have been well used as cathode materials in commercial lithium-ion batteries. In this work, the spent LiNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.2O2 has been selected to study the degradation mechanism under different cycling conditions. The results from the combined morphological and structural study suggest that lithium ion loss causes the performance degradation in such cathode materials. Then, we studied the electrochemical Li+ rejuvenation for the spent cathode materials by using electrochemical reactions and analysis. The results have enabled us to establish the electrochemical relithiation conditions and develop a systematic understanding of the impact of electrochemical relithiation on the properties of the recovered materials.
References:

C. R. Birkl, M. R. Roberts, E. McTurk, P. G. Bruce and D. A. Howey, Journal of Power Sources, 341, 373 (2017).

B. P. Matadi, S. Geniès, A. Delaille, C. Chabrol, E. de Vito, M. Bardet, J.-F. Martin, L. Daniel and Y. Bultel, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 164, A2374 (2017).

E. Hu, S.-M. Bak, J. Liu, X. Yu, Y. Zhou, S. N. Ehrlich, X.-Q. Yang and K.-W. Nam, Chemistry of Materials, 26, 1108 (2014).

S.-M. Bak, E. Hu, Y. Zhou, X. Yu, S. D. Senanayake, S.-J. Cho, K.-B. Kim, K. Y. Chung, X.-Q. Yang and K.-W. Nam, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 6, 22594 (2014).