bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of an MR-only workflow for prostate radiotherapy using semi-automatically burned-in fiducial markers
Authors: Goudschaal Karin , Beeksma F. , Boon M. , Bijveld M. , Visser J. , Hinnen K. , Kesteren Z. van 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe benefit of MR-only workflow compared to current CT-based workflow for prostate radiotherapy is reduction of systematic errors in the radiotherapy chain by 2 – 3 mm. Nowadays, MRI is used for target delineation while CT is needed for position verification. In MR-only workflows, MRI based synthetic CT (sCT) replaces CT.Intraprostatic fiducial markers (FMs) are used as a surrogate for the position of the prostate improving targeting. However, FMs are not visible on sCT. Therefore, a semi-automatic method for burning-in FMs on sCT was developed. Accuracy of MR-only workflow using semi-automatically burned-in FMs was assessed and compared to CT/MR workflow.MethodsThirty-one prostate cancer patients receiving radiotherapy, underwent an additional MR sequence (mDIXON) to create an sCT for MR-only workflow simulation. Three sources of accuracy in the CT/MR- and MR-only workflow were investigated. To compare image registrations for target delineation, the inter-observer error (IOE) of FM-based CT-to-MR image registrations and soft-tissue-based MR-to-MR image registrations were determined on twenty patients. Secondly, the inter-observer variation of the resulting FM positions was determined on twenty patients. Thirdly, on 31 patients CBCTs were retrospectively registered on sCT with burned-in FMs and compared to CT-CBCT registrations.ResultsImage registration for target delineation shows a three times smaller IOE for MR-only workflow compared to CT/MR workflow. All observers agreed in correctly identifying all FMs for 18 out of 20 patients (90%). The IOE in CC direction of the center of mass (COM) position of the markers was within the CT slice thickness (2.5mm), the IOE in AP and RL direction were below 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively. Registrations for IGRT position verification in MR-only workflow compared to CT/MR workflow were equivalent in RL-, CC- and AP-direction, except for a significant difference for random error in rotation.ConclusionsMR-only workflow using sCT with burned-in FMs is an improvement compared to the current CT/MR workflow, with a three times smaller inter observer error in CT-MR registration and comparable CBCT registration results between CT and sCT reference scans.Trial registrationMedical Research Involving Human Subjects Act (WMO) does apply to this study and was approved by the Medical Ethics review Committee of the Academic Medical Center. Registration number: NL65414.018.18. Date of registration: 21-08-2018.
Ciphertext-only attacks on the double random-phase encryption based on redundancy vulnerability
Authors: Wu Xingzhi , Chen Haobo , Zhang Liwei , Ten Qiliang , Sun Wenqing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The double random phase encoding techniques have received considerable attention from researchers in recent years because of its advantages of parallel and high speed processing capability. Meanwhile, the security of cryptosystem is also one of the major concerns. Methods : We experimentally demonstrated the ciphertext redundancy vulnerability of the coherent double random encryption system (DRPE). Based on the statistical ergodicity of speckles and the consistency of the power spectral density (ESD), we have proved that the most plaintext information can be retrieved from partial ciphertext alone. Results: In this paper, the simulation and experiment result were performed to verify whether the algorithm is effectiveness. The ciphertext redundancy of the DRPE system is analyzed from the results of ciphertext occlusion test. There is a risk of plaintext leakage of this scheme, as long as the average ESD can be estimated from the sub-images. The results will help to open up deeper understanding of limitation of current optical security techniques. Conclusions: The DRPE system has potential redundancy risk. Even one-time-pad manner is not secured in DRPE system. This vulnerability allows a cryptanalyst to estimate the plaintext information with only a half or less ciphertext.
Radiotherapy dose–volume parameters predict facial lymphedema after concurrent chemoradiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Kim Donghyun , Nam Jiho , Kim Wontaek , Park Dahl , Joo Jihyeon , Jeon Hosang , Ki Yongkan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

To investigate risk factors for developing radiation-associated facial lymphedema (FL) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients after concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT).
Methods

Clinical data from 87 patients who underwent definitive CCRT for NPC in 2010–2018 was retrospectively evaluated. FL severity was graded using MD Anderson Cancer Center head and neck lymphedema rating scale. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors associated with the presence of moderate/severe FL (grade ≥ 2).
Results

At a median follow-up of 34 months (range, 18–96), 26/87 (29.9%) patients experienced grade ≥ 2 FL. A majority (84.6%) was experienced grade ≥ 2 FL 3–6 months after CCRT. Mean dose to the level IV, level I-VII neck node and N stage were significantly correlated with grade ≥ 2 FL at univariate analysis. At multivariate analysis, mean dose of level IV neck node (hazard ratio [HR], 1.238; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.084–1.414; p = 0.002) and level I-VII neck node (HR, 1.384; 95% CI = 1.121–1.708; p = 0.003) were independent predictors. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis showed that cut-off value of mean level IV neck node dose was 58.7 Gy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.726; 95% CI = 0.614–0.839, p = 0.001) and mean level I-VII neck node dose was 58.6 Gy (AUC = 0.720; 95% CI = 0.614–0.826, p = 0.001) for grade ≥ 2 FL.
Conclusions

Keeping mean dose to the level IV and level I-VII below 58.7 Gy and 58.6 Gy may reduce the likelihood of moderate/severe FL after CCRT for NPC.
Invasibility and Recoverability of a Native Plant Community Following Invasion Depend on its Successional Stages
Authors: Xu Hongwei , Ai Zemin , Qu Qing , Wang Minggang , Liu Guobin , Xue sha 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Exotic species invasions represent important causes of biodiversity loss in ecosystems. Yet, knowledge remains limited on the invasion advantage of exotic species (invasibility of native plants) and the ability of native species to recover following invasions at different stages of succession.Results: We selected three grasses (Setaria viridis, Artemisia gmelinii, and Bothriochloa ischaemum) representing early, middle, and late successional species, respectively, and an exotic species (Panicum virgatum) from a stable grassland community. Four types of field soil were collected to treat the three early, middle, and later successional species, plus the exotic species. We examined the invasion ability of the exotic species on native communities and the recoverability of these communities following invasion across succession. We compared the performance of the four plant species grown in their “own” and “other” soils in a 2-year glasshouse experiment. Here we show that exotic species performed better in soils of early and mid-successional species, owing to higher soil nutrients and microbial residues, than in the soil of later successional species. In the soil of exotic species, early and mid-successional species exhibited poor growth, while that of later successional species was unchanged.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that soil nutrients and microbial residues create a soil legacy regulating the invasibility and recoverability (or resilience) of native plant communities and how it changed with vegetation succession.
Effects of Dietary Soy Isoflavone and Soy Saponin on Growth Performance, Intestinal Structure, Intestinal Immunity and Gut Microbiota Community on Rice Field Eel (Monopterus Albus)
Authors: Hu Yajun , Chu Wuying , Zhang Junzhi , Hu Yi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Soy isoflavone and soy saponin are heat-stable glycosides present in soybean meal, which is the major factor restrict soy protein using in aquatic feed. This study is aimed to conduct that dietary soy isoflavone and soy saponin on growth performance, intestinal structure, intestinal immunity and gut microbiota community on rice field eel (Monopterus albus), and revealed its mechanism.Results: In current study, dietary 1g/kg soy isoflavone, 2g/kg soy saponin and their mixed feed decreased growth of M. albus. Dietary 1g/kg soy isoflavone significantly increased serum alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05), dietary 2g/kg soy saponin remarkably declined intestinal immunoglobulin M (P < 0.05). Dietary 1g/kg soy isoflavone and 2g/kg soy saponin mixed feed significantly decreased intestinal complement 3, complement 4 and immunoglobulin M, amounts of intestinal goblet cells per root and shannon of gut microbiota (P < 0.05). Dietary 1g/kg soy isoflavone, 2g/kg soy saponin and their mixed feed down regulated intestinal tight junction protein (Interleukin-12, Interleukin-15, Tight junction protein ZO-2-like) and anti-inflammatory (Interleukin-10, Transforming growth factor beta 2) mRNA expression, up regulated pri-inflammatory factors (Interleukin-1 β, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, Interleukin-12 and Interleukin-15) mRNA expression.Conclusion: Based on the current results, dietary soy isoflavone and soy saponin could damage the intestinal structure and changes gut bacteria community of M. albus, and destroyed the intestinal barrier, eventually induced intestinal inflammatory occurring, soy isoflavone and soy saponin mixed feed has more serious effect than they single supplemented.
Ciglitazone Increases Adiponectin and Adipogenic Gene Expression in Bovine Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells
Authors: Zhang Junfang , Yan Yan , Sun Jianfu , Wang Ying , Cui Yan , Sun Bin , Yu Jia , Li Qiang , Yan Changguo , Choi S.H. , Smith S.B. , Li Xiangzi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Ciglitazone is a member of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) family, and specifically binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) , thereby promoting adipocyte differentiation. We hypothesized that ciglitazone as a PPARγ ligand in the absence of an adipocyte differentiation cocktail would increase adiponectin and adipogenic gene expression in bovine satellite cells (BSC).Methods: Muscle-derived bovine satellite cells were isolated from six, 18-month-old Yanbian Yellow Cattle. The BSC were cultured for 96 h in differentiation medium containing 5 µM ciglitazone (CL), 10 µM ciglitazone (CM), or 20 µM ciglitazone (CH). Control (CON) BSC were cultured only in differentiation medium (containing 2% horse serum).Results: The presence of myogenin, desmin, and paired box 7 (Pax7) proteins were confirmed in the BSC by immunofluorescence staining. The CL, CM, and CH treatments produced higher concentrations of triacylglycerol and lipid droplet accumulation in myotubes than those of the CON treatment. Ciglitazone treatments significantly increased the relative expression of PPARγ , CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), C/EBPβ, fatty acid synthase stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and perilipin 2. Ciglitazone treatments increased gene expression of paired box 3 (Pax3) and Pax7 and decreased expression of myogenic differentiation-1, myogenin, myogenic regulatory factor-5 (MRF5), and MYF4 (P < 0.01). Adiponectin concentration caused by ciglitazone treatments was significantly greater than CON (P < 0.01). RNA sequencing showed that 281 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the treatments of ciglitazone. DEGs gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the top 10 GO enrichment significantly changed the biological processes such as protein trimerization, negative regulation of cell proliferation, adipocytes differentiation, and cellular response to external stimulus. KEGG pathway analysis showed that DEGs were involved into p53 signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, biosynthesis of amino acids, TNF signaling pathway, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway.Conclusion: These results indicate that ciglitazone acts as PPARγ agonist, effectively increasing the adiponectin concentration and adipogenic gene expression, and stimulating the conversion of BSC to adipocyte-like cells in the absence of adipocyte differentiation cocktail.
The Pandemic of the COVID-19 Literature: A Bibliometric Analysis Running Title: Bibliometric Analysis of the COVID-19 Literature
Authors: Akl Elie A. , Meho Lokman I. , Farran Sarah H. , Nasrallah Ali A. , Ghandour Bachir 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe research interest in COVID-19, one of the most serious pandemics in recent human history, is unprecedented. This study aims to determine the volume of COVID-19 research and to assess the characteristics of its production and publication.MethodsWe searched Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and the Web of Science databases for publications, up to August 20, 2020. We included all types of documents except corrections, interviews, personal narratives, and retracted publications. We analyzed publication count, type, status, research themes, publication venues, authorship trends, language, institutions, countries, collaboration, and funding.ResultsOf 40,519 eligible documents, 49% were original articles. Forty-nine percent of the original articles and reviews were published in top quartile journals, and 19% were single-authored. More than half of the documents were produced in the United States, China, the United Kingdom, and Italy. Twenty-two percent of the documents involved international collaboration and 17% reported financial support by at least one agency, with the National Natural Science Foundation of China being the most frequently reported funding source (n=982). There are already more documents published on COVID19 than documents ever published on the Ebola, MERS, HIN1, and SARS combined.ConclusionsThe first few months’ research output on COVID-19 is relatively large and originated mostly from four countries. Single-authored publications, international collaboration, and governmental funding activities were relatively common.
Early Prediction of the Carbapenem Resistance Gram-Negative Bacteria Carriage in Intensive Care Unit using Machine-Learning
Authors: Liang Qiqiang , Zhao Qinyu , Xu Xin , Zhou Yu , Huang Man 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The prevention and control of carbapenem-resistance gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) is the difficulty and focus for clinicians in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study constructs a CR-GNB carriage prediction model in order to predict the CR-GNB incidence in the next week.Methods: We used our database to select patients with complete CR-GNB screening records and delete cases with positive culture at admission to ICU. We collected the data within a week before the cultures as the prediction data source, using the multivariate logistic regression and three machine learning algorithms to construct model. Then we choose the optimal model and verify the accuracy by daily predicted and recorded the occurrence of CR-GNB of all patients admitted for 4 months. Results: There are 1385 patients with positive CR-GNB cultures and 1535 negative patients in this study. Forty-five variables have statistically significant differences. We include the 17 variables in the multivariate logistic regression model and build three machine learning models for all variables. In terms of accuracy and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve, the random forest is better than XGBoost, decision tree, and better than multivariate logistic regression model (accuracy: 84%>82%>81%>72%, AUROC: 0.9089>0.894≈0.8987>0.7845). In the 4-month prospective study, 81 cases were predicted to be positive in CR-GNB culture within 7 days, 146 cases were predicted to be negative, 86 cases were positive, and 120 cases were negative, with an overall accuracy of 84% and AUROC of 91.98%. Conclusions: Prediction models by machine learning can predict the occurrence of CR-GNB colonization or infection within a week period, and can real-time predict and guide medical staff to identify high-risk groups more accurately.
Associated factors of access to health care among foreign residents living in Aichi Prefecture, Japan: Secondary data analysis of informal free consultations organized by a non-governmental organization
Authors: Higuchi Michiyo , Endo Maki , Ito Asako 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

In Japan, foreign residents, and particularly new arrivals in the country, experience barriers to health care and show poorer health outcomes when compared to Japanese nationals. The health-care-related situation for foreign residents in Japan has been characterized by drastic changes over time; thus, there is difficulty identifying individuals who are “left behind” by the system. In this study, we aimed to identify, among foreign residents who attended informal free medical consultations, factors associated with “being advised to visit a medical facility” and “being referred to a medical facility,” which represented hypothetical proxy indicators of barriers to health care.
Methods

Secondary data analyses were conducted using the activity records of a non-governmental organization that provides free consultations targeting foreign residents in various locations in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Participant characteristics, including insurance coverage, were determined. Bivariable and multi-variable analyses were performed to identify factors associated with having barriers to health care.
Results

Among 608 extracted cases, 81.7% were covered by Japanese public insurance, and insurance coverage was associated with sex and region of origin. During the consultations, 164 (27.5%) cases were advised to visit a medical facility, and 72 (11.8%) were referred to a medical facility. Those who were not covered by public insurance showed a 1.56-times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–2.05) higher prevalence of being advised to visit a medical facility when compared to those who were covered by public insurance. Unemployed people and students were more likely to be referred to a medical facility than were professional workers; the prevalence ratios were 3.28 (95% CI: 1.64–6.57) and 2.77 (95% CI: 1.18–6.46), respectively.
Conclusions

Information from the non-governmental organization revealed the diversity of foreign residents who require informal health-care-related consultations. Although the majority were insured, almost 30% were advised to visit a medical facility, which implied that they had had limited access to the formal health-care system before availing of the free consultations. The findings highlight specific groups who may be vulnerable, and it is important to provide these groups with the necessary support, based on updated evidence, to ensure that no one is “left behind.”
Identification of Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtypes Predicting Conversion to Alzheimer’s Disease Using a Heterogeneous Mixture Learning
Authors: Kikuchi Masataka , Kobayashi Kaori , Itoh Sakiko , Kasuga Kensaku , Miyashita Akinori , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Yumoto Eiji , Fushimi Yasuto , Takeda Toshihiro , Manabe Shirou , Kamijo Kenichi , Matsumura Yasushi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a high-risk condition for conversion to dementias, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. However, individuals with MCI show heterogeneity in patterns of pathology, and MCI does not always convert to AD dementia. Detailed subtyping of MCI and accurate prediction of the patients in whom MCI will convert to AD dementia may support new trial designs and enable evaluation of the efficacy of drugs within small numbers of patients during clinical trials. MethodsWe constructed a decision tree model by the heterogeneous mixture learning (HML) method, integrating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker data, structural MRI data, APOE genotype data, and a recorded age at examination. The decision tree model was applied to predict conversion to AD dementia and to identify subtypes of MCI. After the test performances of HML models were assessed, MCI subjects were classified into some subtypes based on a decision tree. Then, we characterized each MCI subtype in terms of the degree of CSF biomarker abnormalities and brain atrophy, declines of cognitive functions, and gene expression alterations derived from peripheral blood samples.ResultsWe identified five subtypes of MCI using the HML approach and categorized them into three groups: those similar to CN subjects with low conversion rates; those with intermediate conversion rates; and those similar to patients with AD with high conversion rates. Furthermore, the subtypes with intermediate conversion rates were separated into the subtype with CSF biomarker abnormalities or the subtype with brain atrophy. The results from the CSF inflammation marker and gene expression analysis suggested the occurrence of aberrant inflammatory immune responses in the CSF and blood of the subjects in the subtypes with CSF biomarker abnormalities. ConclusionThe subtypes that were identified in this study exhibited varying conversion rates to AD as well as differing levels of biological features. Focusing on specific subtypes in which conversion to AD can be predicted with the most accuracy could enable more efficient clinical trials to be conducted.
Hematological and biochemical characteristics of COVID-19 non-survivors: a meta- and network analysis
Authors: Kowsar Rasoul , Sadeghi Khaled , Kateb Sayed Farshad , Bonakdar Elham , Mahdavi Amir Hossein , Rahimi Amir Mohammad , Sr Magdalena 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Understanding the most relevant hematological/biochemical characteristics, pre-existing health conditions and complications among survivors and non-survivor will help to predict the mortality in COVID-19 patients.Methods: A literature review was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and various preprint servers (bioRxiv, medRxiv and SSRN) for COVID-19 mortality, with more than 97 reported clinical studies and preprints, consisting of survivor and non-survivor sub-populations. A total of 19014 patients including 14359 survivors and 4655 non-survivors were included in this meta-analysis. Outcome data was extracted and compared between survivors and non-survivors. Meta and network analyses were performed using META-MAR V2.7.0 and PAST software.Results: The finding showed higher concentrations of gamma-glutamyl transferase and creatinine and a higher number of neutrophils in non-survivors of COVID-19. A lower number of lymphocytes and platelets and a lower concentration of hemoglobin and albumin were observed in non-survivors. Data showed age, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disease as the most influential risk factors in non-survivors. Heart failure was the most common complication among non-survivors, accompanied by septic shock, and respiratory failure.Conclusions: Increased number of neutrophils and decreased number of platelets and lymphocytes, along with higher GGT concentration and lower hemoglobin levels were the best mortality indicators for COVID-19 patients. In addition, age, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disease were prevalent risk factors among non-survivors of COVID-19. Heart failure and septic shock were the most common complications among non-survivors. Data indicated that cheap and quick biochemical and hematological tests can be used to predict the risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients.