bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic Fertilization of Lucerne and the Following Oat Crop in Non-Irrigated Conditions
Authors: Vasileva Viliana , Kostov Ognyan 
Published: October 2020

Conventional agriculture created ecological and sociological problems worldwide. Practicing organic agriculture need profitable crop such as lucerne, no tillage to destroy the soil structure, usage of natural symbiotic N2 fixation to support nutrition and reduce damages from climatic changes such as droughts and also to supply animals for food. The efficiency of manure fertilization for the production of forage, seeds and root mass after four years of lucerne cultivation was examined in the field experiment,in addition their effect on the following crop such as oat. The trial was performed in the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria on leached chernozem soil subtype without irrigation. The well matured cattle manure in the following doses was used: dose 1 - 20.7 t.ha-1 corresponding to 70 kg N. ha-1 (active substance); dose 2 - 41.5 t. ha-1 corresponding to 140 kg N. ha-1 and dose 3 - 62.1 t.ha-1 corresponding to 210 kg N ha-1. It was found that, the highest organic fertilizer use efficiency (153.16) was found in lucerne for forage at a dose of 20.7 t. ha-1. The largest differences in fertilization efficiency depending on the dose were reported in lucerne for forage (1.9 and 2.8 times). The highest efficiency of manure fertilization for root mass accumulation was reported at a dose of 20.7 t. ha-1. The results showed that lower doses of manure can contribute to obtain a high yield of forage, straw, roots and seeds from lucerne. This has a positive effect on grain and straw and also to the following crop such as oat. Organic farming clearly indicated the advantages for both yields and environmentally friendly agriculture and reduction of environmental stresses.
Detection of Genetic Polymorphism in Seven Barley Hordeum vulgare L. Varieties Using SSR
Authors: Khalil Maha R. , Almahasneh Hussain  A. , Lawand Salam Y. 
Published: October 2020

Investigation was carried out at the laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, during the season 2017-2018. Seven varieties were planted to determine the degree of genetic similarity using SSR-technique (Simple Sequence Repeats), and 14 double primers were used for this purpose. The analysis results revealed that all primers showed polymorphism among the evaluated varieties, except Bmag0385. primers produced a total of 42 alleles with a polymorphic percentage of 88.27%. The number of alleles for each primer varied from 1 allele for the primer (Bmac0067) to 7 alleles for the primer (Bmag0006) in average of 3 alleles per primer. Cluster analysis and Dendrogram showed the highest degree of genetic similarity between variety Arabi asuad and variety Arabi abiad (0.7619). While it was low between variety Fourat4 and variety Arabi abiad (0.3571), and varieties Fourat4 and Fourat3 (0.3571) which indicated wide genetic diversity among them.
Shoot Generation and Callus Induction of Dioscorea hispida Dennst by Different Plant Growth Hormones and Basal Media
Authors: Mahmod Nor Hasima , Mustapha Zakiah , Ariffin Husni Ahmad Hilman , Ishak Nurul Anisah , Jaafar Hafsah 
Published: October 2020

Dioscorea hispida Dennst produces tuber which possess valuable medicinal properties but unsustainable harvesting has led to its reduction. The plant propagates slowly because of its low tuber sprouting rate. In average, Dioscorea hispida Dennst tubers took approximately 60 d to break dormancy and sprout. Hence, callus culture is proposed as a possible efficient type of culture for manipulation of this species. In the present study, calli were induced from stem segments to evaluate callus culture potential of Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Results indicate that the combination of 1 mgL-1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 1 mgL-1 6- benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mgL-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) in Gamborg (B5) medium improved callus multiplication and differentiation in the stem culture as opposed to those in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The findings from the present study provide the basis of callus culture protocol for stem explant of Dioscorea hispida Dennst with B5 being the more effective basal medium.
Urban Agriculture in Ethiopia: An Overview
Authors: Amsalu Woldie Yalew  
Published: October 2020

Urban agriculture has recently gained attention in many developing countries following their rapid urbanization. This paper attempts to give an overview of urban agriculture in Ethiopia. It particularly synthesizes the existing evidence on the role of urban agriculture in the overall agricultural sector, urban economy, and urban employment based on data from official reports and statistical surveys. Albeit being scant, the available evidence shows that urban agriculture makes considerable contributions, particularly, seen in light of the low level of urbanization in the country. The review however reveals there exist gaps in terms institutional and policy support for urban agriculture. The paper, therefore, tries to shed lights on the current and expected socio-economic trends that will raise the relevance of the sector. Future research, especially, on the macroeconomic aspects of the sector are highly needed. Such research and evidence will help decision-and policy-makers to embrace the concept of urban agriculture in formulating sectoral, regional, and national economic policies.
Evaluasi Kualitas Sinyal Voice Multi Operator Pada Jaringan 3G IBC Gedung Bertingkat
Authors: El Yumin Syamsul - 
Published: October 2020

Abstrak--Makalah ini membahas kualitas sinyal voice 3G di Gedung Mall Alam Sutera. Data yang ditampilkan dari hasil pengukuran berfungsi untuk memberikan gambaran secara umum mengenai performansi jaringan operator XL dan Telkomsel yang telah beroperasi selama 10 tahun di 5 lantai Gedung Mall Alam Sutera. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan metode walktest mode dedicated. Data yang disajikan berupa data logfile yang diolah menggunakan software TEMS Investigation 16 yang terdiri dari map walktest, tap overview, data collection. Parameter yang diukur adalah kualitas sinyal yang diterima mobile station (MS) berupa nilai Received Signal Code Power (RSCP) dan nilai Received Signal Strengthen Indication (RSSI).. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa prosentase sebaran RSCP, nilai RSCP, nilai RSSI, masih sangat bagus melebihi nilai KPI yang disyaratkan, dan ini berarti Jaringan 3G IBC Gedung Mall Alam Sutera masih layak untuk beroperasi.

Kata kunci : evaluasi, sinyal voice, 3G, IBC, multi operator
The K2 and TESS Synergy. I. Updated Ephemerides and Parameters for K2-114, K2-167, K2-237, and K2-261
Authors: Ikwut-Ukwa Mma , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Bieryla Allyson , Vanderburg Andrew , Mocnik Teo , Kane Stephen R. , Quinn Samuel N. , Colón Knicole D. , Zhou George , Eastman Jason D. , Huang Chelsea X. , Latham David W. , Dotson Jessie , Jenkins Jon M. , Ricker George R. , Seager Sara , Vanderspek Roland K. , Winn Joshua N. , Barclay Thomas , Barentsen Geert , Berta-Thompson Zachory , Charbonneau David , Dragomir Diana , Daylan Tansu , Günther Maximilian N. , Hedges Christina , Henze Christopher E. , McDermott Scott , Schlieder Joshua E. , Quintana Elisa V. , Smith Jeffrey C. , Twicken Joseph D. , Yahalomi Daniel A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Although the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) primary mission observed the northern and southern ecliptic hemispheres, generally avoiding the ecliptic, and the Kepler space telescope during the K2 mission could only observe near the ecliptic, many of the K2 fields extend far enough from the ecliptic plane that sections overlap with TESS fields. Using photometric observations from both K2 and TESS, combined with archival spectroscopic observations, we globally modeled four known planetary systems discovered by K2 that were observed in the first year of the primary TESS mission. Specifically, we provide updated ephemerides and system parameters for K2-114 b, K2-167 b, K2-237 b, and K2-261 b. These were some of the first K2 planets to be observed by TESS in the first year and include three Jovian sized planets and a sub-Neptune with orbital periods less than 12 days. In each case, the updated ephemeris significantly reduces the uncertainty in prediction of future times of transit, which is valuable for planning observations with the James Webb Space Telescope and other future facilities. The TESS extended mission is expected to observe about half of the K2 fields, providing the opportunity to perform this type of analysis on a larger number of systems.
Nature Versus Nurture: A Bayesian Framework for Assessing Apparent Correlations between Planetary Orbital Properties and Stellar Ages
Authors: Safsten Emily D. , Dawson Rebekah I. , Wolfgang Angie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Many exoplanets have orbital characteristics quite different from those seen in our own solar system, including planets locked in orbital resonances and planets on orbits that are elliptical or highly inclined from their host star’s spin axis. It is debated whether the wide variety in system architecture is primarily due to differences in formation conditions (nature) or due to evolution over time (nurture). Identifying trends between planetary and stellar properties, including stellar age, can help distinguish between these competing theories and offer insights as to how planets form and evolve. However, it can be challenging to determine whether observed trends between planetary properties and stellar age are driven by the age of the system—pointing to evolution over time being an important factor—or other parameters to which the age may be related, such as stellar mass or stellar temperature. The situation is complicated further by the possibilities of selection biases, small number statistics, uncertainties in stellar age, and orbital evolution timescales that are typically much shorter than the range of observed ages. Here, we develop a Bayesian statistical framework to assess the robustness of such observed correlations and to determine whether they are indeed due to evolutionary processes, are more likely to reflect different formation scenarios, or are merely coincidental. We apply this framework to reported trends between stellar age and 2:1 orbital resonances, spin–orbit misalignments, and hot Jupiters’ orbital eccentricities. We find strong support for the nurture hypothesis only in the final case.
A Quasi-linear Diffusion Model for Resonant Wave–Particle Instability in Homogeneous Plasma
Authors: Jeong Seong-Yeop , Verscharen Daniel , Wicks Robert T. , Fazakerley Andrew N. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we develop a model to describe the generalized wave–particle instability in a quasi-neutral plasma. We analyze the quasi-linear diffusion equation for particles by expressing an arbitrary unstable and resonant wave mode as a Gaussian wave packet, allowing for an arbitrary direction of propagation with respect to the background magnetic field. We show that the localized energy density of the Gaussian wave packet determines the velocity-space range in which the dominant wave–particle instability and counteracting damping contributions are effective. Moreover, we derive a relation describing the diffusive trajectories of resonant particles in velocity space under the action of such an interplay between the wave–particle instability and damping. For the numerical computation of our theoretical model, we develop a mathematical approach based on the Crank–Nicolson scheme to solve the full quasi-linear diffusion equation. Our numerical analysis solves the time evolution of the velocity distribution function under the action of a dominant wave–particle instability and counteracting damping and shows a good agreement with our theoretical description. As an application, we use our model to study the oblique fast-magnetosonic/whistler instability, which is proposed as a scattering mechanism for strahl electrons in the solar wind. In addition, we numerically solve the full Fokker–Planck equation to compute the time evolution of the electron-strahl distribution function under the action of Coulomb collisions with core electrons and protons after the collisionless action of the oblique fast-magnetosonic/whistler instability.
Hydrogen Recombination Line Luminosities and Variability from Forming Planets
Authors: Szulágyi Judit , Ercolano Barbara 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We calculated hydrogen recombination line luminosities (H-α, Paschen-β and Brackett-γ) from 3D thermohydrodynamical simulations of forming planets from 1 to 10 Jupiter mass (MJup). We explored various opacities to estimate the line emissions with extinction, in each case assuming boundary-layer accretion. When realistic opacities are considered, only lines from planets ≥10 MJup can be detected with current instrumentation, highlighting that most planets do not have detectable emission. This might explain the very low detection rate of H-α from forming planets from observations. While the line emission comes from both the forming planet and its circumplanetary disk, we found that only the disk component could be detected due to extinction. We examined the line variability as well, and found that it is higher for higher-mass planets. Furthermore, we determine for the first time the parametric relationship between the mass of the planet and the luminosity of the hydrogen recombination lines, as well as the equation between the accretion luminosity and hydrogen recombination line luminosities.
Formation and Evolution of Ultraluminous X-Ray Pulsar Binaries to Pulsar–Neutron Star and Pulsar–White Dwarf Systems
Authors: Abdusalam K. , Ablimit Iminhaji , Hashim P. , Lü G.-L , Mardini M. K. , Wang Z.-J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Recent observational and theoretical results have suggested that some of ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) sources may contain neutron star (NS) accretors. However, the formation channel and properties of donor stars of NS ULXs remain uncertain. By adopting the nonconservative and rotation-dependent mass transfer model in the primordial binary evolution, we investigate the way to form pulsar ULXs like observed pulsar ULXs in a systematic way. Our simulation results indicate that pulsar ULXs with Be stars and intermediate or/and high-mass donors match observed apparent luminosities, orbital periods, and observationally indicated donor masses of known pulsar ULXs. ULXs with Be and intermediate donors are main contributors. The route of accretion-induced collapse of WDs has a 4.5% contribution to the NS ULXs, 4.0% of NSs in ULXs are formed through electron-capture supernovae (SNe), and 91.5% of NSs in ULXs are born with core-collapse SNe. We also studied the evolution of pulsar ULXs to double compact star systems. We do not find NS–black hole systems (merging in a Hubble time) that evolved from pulsar ULXs. Pulsar–white dwarf (WD) cases that evolve through pulsar ULXs have significant contributions to the whole NS–WD gravitational wave sources. Contributions of pulsar–WD and pulsar–NS cases that experienced pulsar ULXs are ∼40% and 11% among all LISA NS–WD and NS–NS sources, respectively. Monte Carlo simulation noise with different models give a nonnegligible uncertainty.
Radial Distributions of Dwarf Satellite Systems in the Local Volume
Authors: Carlsten Scott G. , Greene Jenny E. , Peter Annika H. G. , Greco Johnny P. , Beaton Rachael L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The radial spatial distribution of low-mass satellites around a Milky Way (MW)-like host is an important benchmark for simulations of small-scale structure. The distribution is sensitive to the disruption of subhalos by the central disk and can indicate whether the disruption observed in simulations of MW analogs is artificial (i.e., numerical) or physical in origin. We consider a sample of 12 well-surveyed satellite systems of MW-like hosts in the Local Volume (D < 12 Mpc) that are complete to M

V
< −9 and within 150 projected kpc. We investigate the radial distribution of satellites and compare with ΛCDM cosmological simulations, including big-box cosmological simulations and high-resolution zoom-in simulations of MW-sized halos. We find that the observed satellites are significantly more centrally concentrated than the simulated systems. Several of the observed hosts, including the MW, are ∼2σ outliers relative to the simulated hosts in being too concentrated, while none of the observed hosts are less centrally concentrated than the simulations. This result is robust to different ways of measuring the radial concentration. We find that this discrepancy is more significant for bright, M

V
< −12 satellites, suggestive that this is not the result of observational incompleteness. We argue that the discrepancy is possibly due to artificial disruption in the simulations, but, if so, this has important ramifications for what relation between stellar mass and halo mass is allowed in the low-mass regime by the observed abundance of satellites.
Maps of the Number of H i Clouds along the Line of Sight at High Galactic Latitude
Authors: Panopoulou G. V. , Lenz D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Characterizing the structure of the Galactic interstellar medium (ISM) in three dimensions is of high importance for accurate modeling of dust emission as a foreground to the cosmic microwave background (CMB). At high Galactic latitude, where the total dust content is low, accurate maps of the 3D structure of the ISM are lacking. We develop a method to quantify the complexity of the distribution of dust along the line of sight with the use of H i line emission. The method relies on a Gaussian decomposition of the H i spectra to disentangle the emission from overlapping components in velocity. We use this information to create maps of the number of clouds along the line of sight. We apply the method to (a) the high Galactic latitude sky and (b) the region targeted by the BICEP/Keck experiment. In the north Galactic cap we find on average three clouds per 0.2 square degree pixel, while in the south the number falls to 2.5. The statistics of the number of clouds are affected by intermediate-velocity clouds (IVCs), primarily in the north. IVCs produce detectable features in the dust emission measured by Planck. We investigate the complexity of H i spectra in the BICEP/Keck region and find evidence for the existence of multiple components along the line of sight. The data (doi: 10.7910/DVN/8DA5LH) and software are made publicly available and can be used to inform CMB foreground modeling and 3D dust mapping.
Special Supernova Signature from BH–NS/BH Progenitor Systems
Authors: Gao He , Liu Liang-Duan , Lei Wei-Hua , Zhao Litao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The gravitational-wave detection by the LIGO-Virgo scientific collaboration shows that black hole and neutron star (BH–NS) or BH–BH systems with a BH mass of tens of solar masses widely exist in the universe. Two main types of scenarios have been invoked for the formation of BH–NS/BH systems, including isolated binary evolution in galactic fields and dynamical interactions in dense environments. Here we propose that if the BH–NS/BH systems are formed from isolated binary evolution, the supernova (SN) signal associated with the second core collapse would show some identifiable features, due to the accretion feedback from the companion BH. Depending on the binary properties, we show that the SN lightcurve could present a sharp peak around ∼10 days, with luminosity even at the level of the super luminous SNe (e.g.,

) or present a plateau feature lasting for several tens of days with regular luminosity of core collapse SNe. Comparing the event rate density of these special SN signals with the event rate density of LIGO-Virgo detected BH–NS/BH systems could help to distinguish the BH–NS/BH formation channel.
Autriche, c’est-à-dire ce qui reste du mythe habsbourgeois
Authors: Fiatti Igor 
Published: October 2020

L’Autriche et sa production littéraire semblent condamnées à un désarroi existentiel, à tout jamais. Dans une telle recherche continuelle de lueur d’indices et de preuves identitaires, la résistance opposée aux engrenages de la puissante machine critico-éditoriale de l’« Anschluss tacite » est constituée, notamment, par des fragments de mythe, qui, mutatis mutandis, renvoient aux sécurités de l’époque de l’ordo habsbourgeois.
Peut-on encore feindre de croire à une fiction ?
Authors: Leiduan Alessandro 
Published: October 2020

Les romans d’Umberto Eco sont caractérisés par la rupture du « pacte fictionnel », c’est-à-dire par la transgression des conventions qui devraient régler l’attitude mentale (la « feintise ludique partagée ») de la société à l’égard de l’univers imaginaire d’un récit fictionnel. Ce faisant, Eco a vraisemblablement voulu empêcher ses romans de fonctionner comme un mécanisme de dissimulation de croyances illicites. Dans un contexte où les croyances officielles sont mises à mal du fait que la société est éduquée à n’avoir que des croyances instables, les récits fictionnels pourraient dévoyer leurs lecteurs en instillant, dans l’imaginaire collectif, des doses massives de mensonges. L’article étudie les stratégies narratives par lesquelles Eco essaie de « court-circuiter » ce type de réception aberrante.
Ἐγκράτεια : politique, morale, subjectivation (IVe siècle av. J.-C.)
Authors: Cournarie Paul 
Published: October 2020

Constamment prescrite aux princes, la maîtrise de soi et la tempérance (enkratéia ou sôphrosynè) n’ont jamais été pratiquées. On veut revenir sur quelques penseurs du IVe siècle av. J.-C. qui ont valorisé ces vertus pour en interroger le fonctionnement. Platon mêle les deux thèmes afin de bannir le spectre de la tyrannie avec sa volonté sans mélange au profit d’une coopération des différentes parties de l’âme. Xénophon et surtout Isocrate soutiennent que ces qualités permettent de distinguer le chef et de l’offrir à l’amour de tous.
Internal Medicine Resident Work Absence During the COVID-19 Pandemic at a Large Academic Medical Center in New York City
Authors: Merkin Ross , Kruger Ariel , Bhardwaj Gaurav , Kajita Grace R. , Shapiro Lauren , Galen Benjamin T. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Montefiore Medical Center (MMC) is a large tertiary care center in the Bronx, New York City, with 245 internal medicine residents. Beginning on February 29, 2020, residents became ill with COVID-19-like illness (CLI), which required absence from work. There was initially a shortage of personal protective equipment and delays in SARS-CoV-2 testing, which gradually improved during March and April 2020.

Objective
We evaluated the relationship between CLI-related work absence rates of internal medicine residents and MMC's COVID-19 hospital census over time.

Methods
Data on resident work absence between February 29 and May 22 were reviewed along with MMC's COVID-19 hospital census data. To determine the effect of patient exposure on resident CLI incidence, we compared the mean incidence of CLI per patient exposure days (PED = daily hospital census × days pre- or post-peak) before and after peak COVID-19 hospital census.

Results
Forty-two percent (103 of 245) of internal medicine residents were absent from work, resulting in 875 missed workdays. At the peak of resident work absence, 16% (38 of 245) were out sick. Residents were absent for a median of 7 days (IQR 6–9.5 days). Mean resident CLI incidence per PED (CLI/PED) was 13.9-fold lower post-peak compared to pre-peak (P = .003).

Conclusions
At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, a large portion of internal medicine residents at this single center became ill. However, the incidence of CLI decreased over time, despite ongoing exposure to patients with COVID-19.