bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of CFTR variants in Latino patients with cystic fibrosis from the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico
Authors: Zeiger Andrew M. , McGarry Meghan E. , Mak Angel C. Y. , Medina Vivian , Salazar Sandra , Eng Celeste , Liu Amy K. , Oh Sam S. , Nuckton Thomas J. , Jain Deepti , Blackwell Thomas W. , Kang Hyun Min , Abecasis Goncalo , Oñate Leandra Cordero , Seibold Max A. , Burchard Esteban G. , Rodriguez‐Santana Jose 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn cystic fibrosis (CF), the spectrum and frequency of CFTR variants differ by geography and race/ethnicity. CFTR variants in White patients are well‐described compared with Latino patients. No studies of CFTR variants have been done in patients with CF in the Dominican Republic or Puerto Rico.MethodsCFTR was sequenced in 61 Dominican Republican patients and 21 Puerto Rican patients with CF and greater than ​​​​60 mmol/L sweat chloride. The spectrum of CFTR variants was identified and the proportion of patients with 0, 1, or 2 CFTR variants identified was determined. The functional effects of identified CFTR variants were investigated using clinical annotation databases and computational prediction tools.ResultsOur study found 10% of Dominican patients had two CFTR variants identified compared with 81% of Puerto Rican patients. No CFTR variants were identified in 69% of Dominican patients and 10% of Puerto Rican patients. In Dominican patients, there were 19 identified CFTR variants, accounting for 25 out of 122 disease alleles (20%). In Puerto Rican patients, there were 16 identified CFTR variants, accounting for 36 out of 42 disease alleles (86%) in Puerto Rican patients. Thirty CFTR variants were identified overall. The most frequent variants for Dominican patients were p.Phe508del and p.Ala559Thr and for Puerto Rican patients were p.Phe508del, p.Arg1066Cys, p.Arg334Trp, and p.I507del.ConclusionsIn this first description of the CFTR variants in patients with CF from the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico, there was a low detection rate of two CFTR variants after full sequencing with the majority of patients from the Dominican Republic without identified variants.
Control charts for traffic intensity monitoring of Markovian multiserver queues
Authors: Cruz Frederico R. B. , Quinino Roberto C. , Ho Linda L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA number of recent research studies have applied queueing theory as an approximate modeling tool to mathematically describe industrial systems, which include manufacturing, distribution, and service, for instance. Among the main observable characteristics in queues, the number of users in the system can be controlled to keep waiting times as minimal as possible. The design of efficient control charts is an attempt to monitor and control such systems. Control charts are proposed to monitor infinite queues with Markovian arrivals, exponential service times, and s identical parallel servers. The proposed charts monitor traffic intensities, which are the ratio between the arrival rate and the service rate, estimated through the number of users in the queueing system at random epochs. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approaches in terms of the average run lengths are established by a comprehensive set of Monte Carlo simulations.
Emerging Delivery Strategies of Carbon Monoxide for Therapeutic Applications: from CO Gas to CO Releasing Nanomaterials
Authors: Yan Haili , Du Jiangfeng , Zhu Shuang , Nie Guangjun , Zhang Hui , Gu Zhanjun , Zhao Yuliang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCarbon monoxide (CO) therapy has emerged as a hot topic under exploration in the field of gas therapy as it shows the promise of treating various diseases. Due to the gaseous property and the high affinity for human hemoglobin, the main challenges of administrating medicinal CO are the lack of target selectivity as well as the toxic profile at relatively high concentrations. Although abundant CO releasing molecules (CORMs) with the capacity to deliver CO in biological systems have been developed, several disadvantages related to CORMs, including random diffusion, poor solubility, potential toxicity, and lack of on‐demand CO release in deep tissue, still confine their practical use. Recently, the advent of versatile nanomedicine has provided a promising chance for improving the properties of naked CORMs and simultaneously realizing the therapeutic applications of CO. This review presents a brief summarization of the emerging delivery strategies of CO based on nanomaterials for therapeutic application. First, an introduction covering the therapeutic roles of CO and several frequently used CORMs is provided. Then, recent advancements in the synthesis and application of versatile CO releasing nanomaterials are elaborated. Finally, the current challenges and future directions of these important delivery strategies are proposed.
A network perspective on assessing system architectures: Foundations and challenges
Authors: Potts Matthew W. , Sartor Pia , Johnson Angus , Bullock Seth 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOrganizations are increasingly faced with the challenge of architecting complex systems that must operate within a System of Systems context. While network science has offered usefully clear insights into product and system architectures, we seek to extend these approaches to evaluate enterprise system architectures. Here, we explore the application of graph‐theoretic methods to the analysis of two real‐world enterprise architectures (a military communications system and a search and rescue system) and to assess the relative importance of different architecture components. For both architectures, different topological measures of component significance identify differing network vertices as important. From this, we identify several significant challenges a system architect needs to be cognisant of when employing graph‐theoretic approaches to evaluate architectures; finding suitable abstractions of heterogeneous architectural elements and distinguishing between network‐structural properties and system‐functional properties. These challenges are summarized as five guiding principles for utilizing network science concepts for enterprise architecture evaluation.
Soft and persistent—The influence of sand‐flooring and calves on the resting behavior of a zoo‐kept African elephant (Loxodonta africana) group
Authors: Schiffmann Christian , Hård Therese , Hjelm Madeleine , Clauss Marcus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCaring for all aspects of zoo elephants’ well‐being is considered a major challenge. Providing an appropriate flooring substrate to facilitate lying rest presents a meaningful part of a holistic management concept. Investigating the impact of a new sand flooring on the nocturnal resting behavior of a breeding group of seven African elephants living at one zoo revealed more total lying rest, longer bouts of lying rest and a reduced side preference in the adult females. With an average total daily lying rest of about 1.5–2.0 hrs, the investigated zoo elephants expressed longer lying rest compared to recently reported data from free‐ranging individuals in Botswana. In addition, the presence of nursing calves in the observed elephant group seemed to impact the resting pattern of all group members, with around 60% of all lying bouts being discontinued after interruption by the youngsters. With respect to observed nursing during leaning rest, we encourage the installation of appropriate horizontal structures in breeding facilities to support leaning rest behavior of their female elephants. In doing so, zoos may improve rest quality of nursing females, and, in general, the welfare aspect of sleep for their elephants.
Higher frequency of osteoarthritis in patients with ACL graft rupture than in those with intact ACL grafts 30 years after reconstruction
Authors: Söderman Tomas , Wretling Marie-Louise , Hänni Mari , Mikkelsen Christina , Johnson Robert J. , Werner Suzanne , Sundin Anders , Shalabi Adel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeThe aim was to assess the results of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction regarding graft failure, knee laxity, and osteoarthritis (OA) from a longterm perspective. It was hypothesized that intact ACL graft reduces the risk for increased OA development.MethodsThe cohort comprised 60 patients with a median follow-up 31 (range 28–33) years after ACL reconstruction. They were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging, radiography, KT-1000 arthrometer and the pivot shift test.ResultsOut of the 60 patients, 30 (50%) showed an intact ACL graft and 30 (50%) a ruptured or absent ACL graft. Patients with ruptured ACL grafts had more medial tibiofemoral compartment OA than those with an intact ACL graft (p = 0.0003). OA was asymmetric in patients with ruptured ACL grafts with more OA in the medial than in the lateral tibiofemoral compartment (p = 0.013) and the patellofemoral compartment (p = 0.002). The distribution of OA between compartments was similar in patients with an intact ACL graft. KT-1000 values of anterior knee laxity were higher in patients with ruptured compared to those with intact ACL grafts (p = 0.012). Side-to-side comparisons of anterior knee laxity showed higher KT-1000 values in patients with ruptured ACL graft (p = 0.0003) and similar results in those with intact graft (p = 0.09). The pivot shift grade was higher in the group with a ruptured ACL graft (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsMedian 31 (range 28–33) years after ACL reconstruction, 50% of the patients showed an intact ACL graft and no side-to-side difference regarding anterior knee laxity. Patients with ruptured ACL grafts had more OA of the medial tibiofemoral compartment than those with intact ACL grafts.Level of evidenceRetrospective cohort study, Level III.
Partially-honest Nash implementation: a full characterization
Authors: Lombardi Michele , Yoshihara Naoki 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A partially-honest individual is a person who follows the maxim, “Do not lie if you do not have to”, to serve your material interest. By assuming that the mechanism designer knows that there is at least one partially-honest individual in a society of $$ n\ge 3$$

n
≥
3

individuals, a social choice rule that can be Nash implemented is termed partially-honestly Nash implementable. The paper offers a complete characterization of the (unanimous) social choice rules that are partially-honestly Nash implementable. When all individuals are partially-honest, then any (unanimous) rule is partially-honestly Nash implementable. An account of the welfare implications of partially-honest Nash implementation is provided in a variety of environments.
Kidney-based in vitro models for drug-induced toxicity testing
Authors: Faria João , Ahmed Sabbir , Gerritsen Karin G. F. , Mihaila Silvia M. , Masereeuw Rosalinde 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The kidney is frequently involved in adverse effects caused by exposure to foreign compounds, including drugs. An early prediction of those effects is crucial for allowing novel, safe drugs entering the market. Yet, in current pharmacotherapy, drug-induced nephrotoxicity accounts for up to 25% of the reported serious adverse effects, of which one-third is attributed to antimicrobials use. Adverse drug effects can be due to direct toxicity, for instance as a result of kidney-specific determinants, or indirectly by, e.g., vascular effects or crystals deposition. Currently used in vitro assays do not adequately predict in vivo observed effects, predominantly due to an inadequate preservation of the organs’ microenvironment in the models applied. The kidney is highly complex, composed of a filter unit and a tubular segment, together containing over 20 different cell types. The tubular epithelium is highly polarized, and the maintenance of this polarity is critical for optimal functioning and response to environmental signals. Cell polarity is dependent on communication between cells, which includes paracrine and autocrine signals, as well as biomechanic and chemotactic processes. These processes all influence kidney cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. For drug disposition studies, this microenvironment is essential for prediction of toxic responses. This review provides an overview of drug-induced injuries to the kidney, details on relevant and translational biomarkers, and advances in 3D cultures of human renal cells, including organoids and kidney-on-a-chip platforms.
Cost Analysis of Enhanced Recovery Programs in Colorectal, Pancreatic, and Hepatic Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Joliat Gaëtan‐Romain , Hübner Martin , Roulin Didier , Demartines Nicolas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced recovery programs (ERPs) have been shown to improve postoperative outcomes after abdominal surgery. This study aimed to review the current literature to assess if ERPs in colorectal, pancreas, and liver surgery induce cost savings.MethodsA systematic review was performed including prospective and retrospective studies comparing conventional management versus ERP in terms of costs. All kinds of ERP were considered (fast‐track, ERAS®, or home‐made protocols). Studies with no mention of a clear protocol and no reporting of protocol compliance were excluded.ResultsThirty‐seven articles out of 144 identified records were scrutinized as full articles. Final analysis included 16 studies. In colorectal surgery, two studies were prospective (1 randomized controlled trial, RCT) and six retrospective, totaling 1277 non‐ERP patients and 2078 ERP patients. Three of the eight studies showed no difference in cost savings between the two groups. The meta‐analysis found a mean cost reduction of USD3010 (95% CI: 5370–650, p = 0.01) in favor of ERP. Among the five included studies in pancreas surgery (all retrospective, 552 non‐ERP vs. 348 ERP patients), the mean cost reduction in favor of the ERP group was USD7020 (95% CI: 11,600–2430, p = 0.003). In liver surgery, only three studies (two retrospective and 1 RCT, 180 non‐ERP vs. 197 ERP patients) were found, which precluded a sound cost analysis.ConclusionsThe present systematic review suggests that ERPs in colorectal and pancreas surgery are associated with cost savings compared to conventional perioperative management. Cost data in liver surgery are scarce.
Factors Associated with Mortality and Amputation Caused by Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections of the Upper Extremity: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Nawijn Femke , Verhiel Svenna H.W.L. , Lunn Kiera N. , Eberlin Kyle R. , Hietbrink Falco , Chen Neal C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear what the exact short‐term outcomes of necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs), also known and necrotizing fasciitis of the upper extremity, are and whether these are comparable to other anatomical regions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess factors associated with mortality within 30‐days and amputation in patients with upper extremity NSTIs.MethodsA retrospective study over a 20‐year time period of all patients treated for NSTIs of the upper extremity was carried out. The primary outcomes were the 30‐day mortality rate and the amputation rate in patients admitted to the hospital for upper extremity NSTIs.ResultsWithin 20 years, 122 patients with NSTIs of the upper extremity were identified. Thirteen patients (11%) died and 17 patients (14%) underwent amputation. Independent risk factors for mortality were an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification of 3 or higher (OR 9.26, 95% CI 1.64–52.31) and a base deficit of 3 meq/L or greater (OR 10.53, 95% CI 1.14–96.98). The independent risk factor for amputation was a NSTI of the non‐dominant arm (OR 3.78, 95% CI 1.07–13.35). Length of hospital stay was 15 (IQR 9–21) days.ConclusionUpper extremity NSTIs have a relatively low mortality rate, but a relatively high amputation rate compared to studies assessing NSTIs of all anatomical regions. ASA classification and base deficit at admission predict the prognosis of patients with upper extremity NSTIs, while a NSTI of the non‐dominant side is a risk factor for limb loss.
Automated multiparametric localization of prostate cancer based on B-mode, shear-wave elastography, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound radiomics
Authors: Wildeboer Rogier R. , Mannaerts Christophe K. , van Sloun Ruud J. G. , Budäus Lars , Tilki Derya , Wijkstra Hessel , Salomon Georg , Mischi Massimo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the potential of machine learning based on B-mode, shear-wave elastography (SWE), and dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) radiomics for the localization of prostate cancer (PCa) lesions using transrectal ultrasound.

Methods
This study was approved by the institutional review board and comprised 50 men with biopsy-confirmed PCa that were referred for radical prostatectomy. Prior to surgery, patients received transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), SWE, and DCE-US for three imaging planes. The images were automatically segmented and registered. First, model-based features related to contrast perfusion and dispersion were extracted from the DCE-US videos. Subsequently, radiomics were retrieved from all modalities. Machine learning was applied through a random forest classification algorithm, using the co-registered histopathology from the radical prostatectomy specimens as a reference to draw benign and malignant regions of interest. To avoid overfitting, the performance of the multiparametric classifier was assessed through leave-one-patient-out cross-validation.

Results
The multiparametric classifier reached a region-wise area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.75 and 0.90 for PCa and Gleason > 3 + 4 significant PCa, respectively, thereby outperforming the best-performing single parameter (i.e., contrast velocity) yielding ROC-AUCs of 0.69 and 0.76, respectively. Machine learning revealed that combinations between perfusion-, dispersion-, and elasticity-related features were favored.

Conclusions
In this paper, technical feasibility of multiparametric machine learning to improve upon single US modalities for the localization of PCa has been demonstrated. Extended datasets for training and testing may establish the clinical value of automatic multiparametric US classification in the early diagnosis of PCa.

Key Points
• Combination of B-mode ultrasound, shear-wave elastography, and contrast ultrasound radiomics through machine learning is technically feasible.
• Multiparametric ultrasound demonstrated a higher prostate cancer localization ability than single ultrasound modalities.
• Computer-aided multiparametric ultrasound could help clinicians in biopsy targeting.
Mobile visualization of density fields using smartphone background-oriented schlieren
Authors: Hayasaka Keisuke , Tagawa Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The conventional background-oriented schlieren (BOS) technique is an image-based technique that can calculate the density field in fluids using two static images [i.e., an undistorted background image (reference image) and a distorted background image due to the density change in fluids (target image)]. This paper proposes the smartphone BOS (SBOS) technique, which offers the measurement of the density gradient using the high-speed imaging feature of the smartphone being carried with a moving observer. The conventional BOS with a fixed camera visualizes the density gradient by comparing the reference image and the target image. In contrast, SBOS can obtain the time difference of the density gradient field. A reference image in SBOS is a target one at a previous time step. The movement of the smartphone is canceled using a registration technique for image accurate alignment. Three demonstrations are conducted to perform SBOS. First, in a static situation, the density field of heated air by a gas burner is visualized by comparing between SBOS and conventional BOS. Second, the local displacement of density field and the error displacement is estimated quantitatively when the smartphone is moving. Third, SBOS using an embossed wallpaper to visualize the density field is performed in the mobile condition. These achievements suggest that SBOS is an effective system to visualize the density field using only the smartphone, and is expected to be a useful tool such as a preliminary experiment in the laboratory and a teaching tool for general smartphone users.
Vascular complications in pediatric craniopharyngioma patients: a case-based update
Authors: Sandvik Ulrika , Ohlsson Marcus , Edström Erik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Craniopharyngiomas remain a challenging entity for neurosurgeons because of their deep-seated, midline location, and intimate relationship with critical neurovascular structures. With high long-term survival rates, patients with craniopharyngioma are likely to experience significant late morbidity related to both disease and therapy.

Method and results
In this paper, we present two cases of late vascular complications after multi-modal treatment of craniopharyngioma.

Conclusion
Available data suggests that pediatric patients with craniopharyngioma represent a particularly vulnerable group.
“Smoking paradox” is not true in patients with ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Bo , Li Dan , Liu Jing-Feng , Wang Lin , Li Bao-Zhu , Yan Xiu-Juan , Liu Wei , Wu Kun , Xiang Ruo-Lan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a common cause of death from vascular diseases. Studies have found that smoking increases the risk of ischemic stroke, but the association of smoking with the outcome of IS remains unclear. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the effect of smoking on the prognosis of IS.

Methods
We searched four electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library and Web of science for papers, published before January 2019. In this meta-analysis, Review Manager 5.3 software was used to calculate for the pooled estimate effect, as well as the inverse-variance method for pooled mean difference (MD) and odds ratio (OR) of incidence in two groups of population.

Results
A total of 14,789 citations were identified during the literature search, 21 studies were included in the meta-analyses after screening. The full-adjusted OR of poor prognostic outcome in smoking and nonsmoking patients with stroke was pooled as 0.96 (95% CI 0.77–1.21), suggested that smoking or not has no impact on prognosis of IS. The pooled MD of onset age between smoking and nonsmoking IS patients was − 10.05 (− 12.91, − 7.19), indicated that smoking causes first onset of IS to occur 10 years earlier.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis showed that smoking was not a protective factor for poor prognosis of IS. Smoking patients with IS are 10 years younger than nonsmoking patients at time of the first onset of stroke.