bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The power-law component of the X-ray emissions from pulsar-wind nebulae and their pulsars
Authors: Hsiang Jr-Yue , Chang Hsiang-Kuang 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
To look for possible phenomenological connections between pulsar timing properties and emissions from pulsar-wind nebulae and their pulsars, we studied the power-law component of the X-ray emissions from 35 pulsar-wind nebulae that have a detected pulsar in X-rays. Our major results are as follows. (1) The power-law components of the X-ray luminosities, in the energy range from 0.5–8 keV, of the nebulae and of the pulsar both show a strong correlation with the pulsar spin-down power ($\dot{E}$), consistent with earlier studies. However, equally significant correlations with the magnetic field strength at the light cylinder (Blc) are also found. The similar significance level of the correlations with $\dot{E}$ and with Blc suggests that not only $\dot{E}$ but also Blc plays an important role in understanding these power-law emissions. (2) Thermal X-ray emissions are detected in 12 pulsars among the 35 samples. With derived temperature as one additional variable, we found that the photon indices of a pulsar’s non-thermal X-ray power-law spectra can be well described by a linear function of log P, $\log \dot{P}$, and temperature logarithm log T. This indicates that the surface temperature of neutron stars plays an important role in determining the energy distribution of the radiating pair plasma in pulsar magnetospheres.
Super-enhancer mediated regulation of adult β-globin gene expression: the role of eRNA and Integrator
Authors: Gurumurthy Aishwarya , Yu David T , Stees Jared R , Chamales Pamela , Gavrilova Ekaterina , Wassel Paul , Li Lu , Stribling Daniel , Chen Jinyang , Brackett Marissa , Ishov Alexander M , Xie Mingyi , Bungert Jörg 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Super-enhancers (SEs) mediate high transcription levels of target genes. Previous studies have shown that SEs recruit transcription complexes and generate enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). We characterized transcription at the human and murine β-globin locus control region (LCR) SE. We found that the human LCR is capable of recruiting transcription complexes independently from linked globin genes in transgenic mice. Furthermore, LCR hypersensitive site 2 (HS2) initiates the formation of bidirectional transcripts in transgenic mice and in the endogenous β-globin gene locus in murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. HS2 3′eRNA is relatively unstable and remains in close proximity to the globin gene locus. Reducing the abundance of HS2 3′eRNA leads to a reduction in β-globin gene transcription and compromises RNA polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment at the promoter. The Integrator complex has been shown to terminate eRNA transcription. We demonstrate that Integrator interacts downstream of LCR HS2. Inducible ablation of Integrator function in MEL or differentiating primary human CD34+ cells causes a decrease in expression of the adult β-globin gene and accumulation of Pol II and eRNA at the LCR. The data suggest that transcription complexes are assembled at the LCR and transferred to the globin genes by mechanisms that involve Integrator mediated release of Pol II and eRNA from the LCR.
Pain-Related Injustice Appraisals in Youth with Sickle Cell Disease: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Miller Megan M , Rumble Deanna D , Hirsh Adam T , Vervoort Tine , Crosby Lori E , Madan-Swain Avi , Lebensburger Jeffrey , Hood Anna M , Trost Zina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesSickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder that affects approximately 100,000 Americans, the majority of whom are African American. SCD-related pain often has deleterious effects on functioning and quality of life. The inherited nature of SCD, SCD-related stigma, and serious physical and functional impact of SCD-related pain create a situation ripe for individuals to appraise their SCD-related pain as unfair or unjust. The aim of this preliminary investigation is to explore the extent to which pediatric patients with SCD appraise their pain as unjust and how these appraisals relate to functioning.MethodsParticipants were youth with SCD (N = 30, mean age = 11.3, 57% boys) who attended a hematology clinic visit. Patients were invited to complete paper-based questionnaires assessing pain-related injustice appraisals, pain catastrophizing, pain and hurt, functional disability, depression, anxiety, and peer relationships.ResultsResults of hierarchical regressions indicate that pain-related injustice significantly predicted functional disability, depression, and anxiety after controlling for patient pain and catastrophizing.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that pain-related injustice appraisals are an important contributor to the pain experience of youth with SCD. Early identification and remediation of pain-related injustice appraisals could have long-term functional benefits for youth with SCD.
High early mortality in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: results from the inception cohort at a tertiary care centre in northern India
Authors: Mehta Pankti , Agarwal Vikas , Gupta Latika 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We determined the mortality along with the proportion of disease related adverse events measured individually and by a composite adverse outcome (devised by including deaths, disability, relapses and minimal response) and its predictors in an inception cohort of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM).

Methods
IIM from the MyoCite cohort (December 2017–19) were reviewed for early outcomes (mortality, IMACS core set). Comparisons were drawn between those meeting the primary and secondary outcomes.

Results
Of 70 patients [62 adults, M:F = 1:4.8, age 43 (28.5–51) and eight children, M:F = 1:1, 14.5 (8.8–16)], dermatomyositis (DM) was the most common subset [29 (41.4%) adults; 7 (87.5%) children]. Over 10 (4–15) months, 10 (15.2%) died and four polymyositis were reclassified. One-year survival for anti-melanoma differentiation antigen 5 (MDA5) subtype was 30% and anti-synthetase syndrome (ARS) subtype was 75%. Overall, lower respiratory infections were the most common cause of death [n = 3 (30%)] followed closely by malignancy and rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD). Amongst survivors, a major IMACS response was recorded in 54.5% adults and 100% children. Thirty per cent suffered from moderate to severe disability and 16.7% experienced relapses. Overall, two-thirds accrued the composite adverse outcome. On multivariate analysis, older age and anti-MDA5 predicted mortality. Arthritis, rash and positive ANA reduced and anti-MDA5 increased the risk for the composite adverse outcome.

Conclusion
Indian patients with IIM suffer high early mortality attributable to infection, cancer and RP-ILD, calling for high vigilance post diagnosis. Autoantibodies and certain clinical features identify risk for composite adverse outcomes.
How Does the Local Knowledge of Scientists Influence Their Impact on Governance Performance?
Authors: Yang Lihua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Although numerous studies have emphasized the importance of local knowledge and science, as well as collaboration between local people and scientists in social and environmental governance, it is often assumed that local people produce and possess only local knowledge while scientists have only scientific knowledge. The aim of this study was to explore whether and how the local knowledge of scientists influences their impact on governance performance, using desertification control in northern China as a typical case. This research produces three major findings. (1) Scientists’ local knowledge did improve their impact on desertification control. (2) Among the three important types of local knowledge, an understanding of local social relationships, wisdom, and methods was more important than an understanding of local conditions. (3) Successful applications of local knowledge by scientists shared seven collaborative factors that stressed the scientists’ local knowledge, the scientists’ behaviours, and laws and regulations.
Laminar Closure in Double-door Laminoplasty for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy with Nonkyphotic Alignment
Authors: Sakai Kenichiro , Hirai Takashi , Arai Yoshiyasu , Maehara Hidetsugu , Torigoe Ichiro , Inose Hiroyuki , Tomori Masaki , Sakaki Kyohei , Yuasa Masato , Matsukura Yu , Oyaizu Takuya , Morishita Shingo , Yoshii Toshitaka , Okawa Atsushi 
Published: January 2021

Study Design.
A retrospective case series.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and clinical features of laminar closure in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) based on prospectively collected data.

Summary of Background Data.
Laminar closure after single open-door laminoplasty (LAMP) has been reported to result in poor clinical outcomes. However, no studies to date have examined the underlying mechanisms and frequency of laminar closure after double-door LAMP.

Methods.
This study prospectively enrolled 128 consecutive patients with CSM scheduled for double-door LAMP without a laminar spacer at our hospital between 2008 and 2013. Sagittal parameters including C2–7 angle, T1 slope, and cervical sagittal vertical axis (C-SVA), which is defined as the distance between the anterior margin of the external auditory canal plumb line and the posterior-cranial corner of the C7 vertebral body on x-ray, were calculated before and after the operation. Laminar angle was also measured on magnetic resonance images preoperatively and at 1 week and 1 year postoperatively. Laminar closure was defined as > 20% decrease in laminar angle at 1 year compared with that at 1 week postoperatively. The Japanese Orthopedic Association score for cervical myelopathy and the recovery rate determined from the preoperative and postoperative scores were evaluated as clinical outcomes.

Results.
In total, 110 patients were completely followed up for at least 1 year (follow-up rate: 85.9%). Laminar closure was observed in six cases (5.5%) at the 1-year follow-up. The recovery rate in these six cases was significantly lower than in cases without laminar closure (16.6% vs. 45.1%, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed age and C-SVA as significant risk factors for postoperative laminar closure.

Conclusion.
This study is the first to investigate the incidence of laminar closure after double-door LAMP without a laminar spacer. Laminar closure occurred exclusively in elderly patients with kyphotic deformity after LAMP.

Level of Evidence: 4
Mini fluid chAllenge aNd End-expiratory occlusion test to assess flUid responsiVEness in the opeRating room (MANEUVER study)
Authors: Messina Antonio , Lionetti Giulia , Foti Lorenzo , Bellotti Enrico , Marcomini Nicole , Cammarota Gianmaria , Bennett Victoria , Saderi Laura , Sotgiu Giovanni , Della Corte Francesco , Protti Alessandro , Monge García Manuel I. , Romagnoli Stefano , Cecconi Maurizio 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND
The fluid challenge response in surgical patients can be predicted by functional haemodynamic tests. Two tests, the mini-fluid challenge (mini-FC) and end-expiratory occlusion test (EEOT), have been assessed in a few small single-centre studies with conflicting results. In general, functional haemodynamic tests have not performed reliably in predicting fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing laparotomy.

OBJECTIVE
This trial is designed to address and compare the reliability of the EEOT and the mini-FC in predicting fluid responsiveness during laparotomy.

DESIGN
Prospective, multicentre study.

SETTING
Three university hospitals in Italy.

PATIENTS
A total of 103 adults patients scheduled for elective laparotomy with invasive arterial monitoring.

INTERVENTIONS
The study protocol evaluated the changes in the stroke volume index (SVI) 20 s (EEOT20) and 30 s (EEOT30) after an expiratory hold and after a mini-FC of 100 ml over 1 min. Fluid responsiveness required an increase in SVI at least 10% following 4 ml kg−1 of Ringer's solution fluid challenge infused over 10 min.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
Haemodynamic data, including SVI, were obtained from pulse contour analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the tests were compared with assess fluid responsiveness.

RESULTS
Fluid challenge administration induced an increase in SVI at least 10% in 51.5% of patients. The rate of fluid responsiveness was comparable among the three participant centres (P = 0.10). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (95% CI) of the changes in SVI after mini-FC was 0.95 (0.88 to 0.98), sensitivity 98.0% (89.5 to 99.6) and specificity 86.8% (75.1 to 93.4) for a cut-off value of 4% of increase in SVI. This was higher than the SVI changes after EEOT20, 0.67 (0.57 to 0.76) and after EEOT30, 0.73 (0.63 to 0.81).

CONCLUSION
In patients undergoing laparotomy the mini-FC reliably predicted fluid responsiveness with high-sensitivity and specificity. The EEOT showed poor discriminative value and cannot be recommended for assessment of fluid responsiveness in this surgical setting.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT03808753.
Early postoperative recovery after peri-acetabular osteotomy
Authors: Steinthorsdottir Kristin J. , Awada Hussein N. , Dirks Jesper , Stürup Jens , Winther Nikolaj S. , Kehlet Henrik , Aasvang Eske Kvanner 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND
Peri-acetabular osteotomy is the joint-preserving treatment of choice in young adults with hip dysplasia but is associated with intense pain and high opioid consumption postoperatively.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate whether 48 mg of pre-operative dexamethasone was superior to a standard dose of 8 mg on reducing pain in the immediate postoperative phase.

DESIGN
A randomised, double-blind trial.

SETTING
Single-centre, primary facility. May 2017 to August 2019.

PATIENTS
At least 18 years undergoing peri-acetabular osteotomy.

INTERVENTIONS
Patients were randomised 1 : 1 to 48 or 8 mg dexamethasone intravenous (i.v.) as a single pre-operative injection. All patients received a standardised peri-operative protocol, including pre-operative acetaminophen and gabapentin, total i.v. anaesthesia and local anaesthetic catheter based wound administration.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Number of patients with moderate/severe pain [>3 on a numeric rating scale (NRS)] in the immediate postoperative phase.

RESULTS
Sixty-four patients (32 in each group) were included, and their data analysed. At some point from tracheal extubation until transfer to the ward, the NRS was more than 3 in 75% (24/32) of the 48 mg group and in 66% (21/32) in the 8 mg group, odds ratio 1.571 (95% CI, 0.552 to 4.64), P = 0.585. Patients in the 48 mg group received less opioid [cumulative rescue analgesics, oral morphine equivalents (OMEQ)] during postoperative days 0–4: median [IQR] OMEQ was 36 [15 to 85] mg vs. 79 [36 to 154] mg in the 48 and 8 mg group, respectively, P = 0.034. There were no statistically significant differences regarding complications, rate of infections or readmissions.

CONCLUSION
Forty-eight milligram of dexamethasone did not reduce pain in the immediate postoperative phase compared with an 8 mg dose. We observed insignificantly lower pain scores and significantly lower cumulated opioid requirements in the 48 mg group during the first four postoperative days.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03161938, EudraCT (2017-000544-1)
Dynamic arterial elastance measured with pressure recording analytical method, and mean arterial pressure responsiveness in hypotensive preload dependent patients undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Di Tomasso Nora , Lerose Caterina C. , Licheri Margherita , Castro Ligia E. Alpìzar , Tamà Simona , Vitiello Chiara , Landoni Giovanni , Zangrillo Alberto , Monaco Fabrizio 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND
Organ perfusion is a factor of cardiac output and perfusion pressure. Recent evidence shows that dynamic arterial elastance is a reliable index of the interaction between the left ventricle and the arterial system and, in turn, of left ventricular mechanical efficiency. A practical approach to the assessment of dynamic arterial elastance at the bedside is the ratio between pulse pressure variation and stroke volume variation, which might predict the effect of a fluid challenge on the arterial pressure in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the ability of dynamic arterial elastance, measured by the pressure recording analytical method (PRAM), to predict the response of mean arterial pressure (MAP) to a fluid challenge.

DESIGN
Prospective observational study.

SETTING
Cardiac surgery patients in a university hospital.

PATIENTS
Preload-dependent (pulse pressure variation ≥13%), hypotensive (MAP ≤65 mmHg) patients, without right ventricular dysfunction, at the end of cardiac surgery.

INTERVENTIONS
A 250 ml fluid challenge infused over 3 min.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
A receiver-operating characteristic curve was generated to test the ability of the baseline (before fluid challenge) dynamic arterial elastance (primary endpoint) and all other haemodynamic variables (secondary endpoint) to predict MAP responsiveness (≥10% increase in MAP) after a fluid challenge.

RESULTS
Of 270 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, 97 (35.9%) were preload-dependent, hypotensive and received a fluid challenge. Of these 97 patients, 50 (51%) were MAP responders (≥10% increase in MAP) and 47 (48%) were MAP nonresponders (<10% increase in MAP). Baseline dynamic arterial elastance (mean ± SD) had an area under the curve of 0.64 ± 0.06 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.53 to 0.73; P = 0.017]. A dynamic arterial elastance at least 1.07 with a grey zone ranging between 0.9 and 1.5 had 86% sensitivity (95% CI, 73 to 94) and 45% specificity (95% CI, 30 to 60) in predicting MAP increase.

CONCLUSION
In a hypotensive preload-dependent cardiac surgery cohort without right ventricular dysfunction, dynamic arterial elastance measured by PRAM can predict pressure response for values greater than 1.5 or less than 0.9.
Serum isoflavones and lignans and odds of breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal Chinese women
Authors: Feng Xiao-Li , Ho Suzanne C. , Zhan Xiao-Xia , Zuo Luo-Shi-Yuan , Mo Xiong-Fei , Zhang Xin , Abulimiti Alinuer , Huang Chu-Yi , Zhang Cai-Xia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Isoflavones and lignans are phytoestrogens present in plant-based foods, which have a potential preventive effect on breast carcinogenesis. The effects of phytoestrogens on breast cancer may differ according to the hormonal environment. This case-control study aimed to investigate the association between serum phytoestrogens and odds of breast cancer among Chinese pre- and postmenopausal women.

Methods:
A total of 792 cases and 813 age-matched controls were included. Serum isoflavone (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, equol, and formononetin) and lignan (enterodiol and enterolactone) concentrations were measured using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method.

Results:
Significant inverse associations were found between serum total soy isoflavone precursors, daidzein, genistein, formononetin, total lignans, enterodiol, enterolactone, and the odds of breast cancer in premenopausal but not postmenopausal women. For premenopausal women, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest versus the lowest serum concentration groups were 0.60 (0.41-0.87) for total soy isoflavones precursors, 0.64 (0.44-0.93) for daidzein, 0.62 (0.43-0.90) for genistein, 0.49 (0.35-0.68) for formononetin, 0.38 (0.25-0.57) for total lignans, 0.49 (0.33-0.73) for enterodiol, and 0.49 (0.33-0.74) for enterolactone. However, the interaction between serum phytoestrogens and menopausal status on odds of breast cancer was statistically significant only for daidzein. No significant association was found between serum equol or gycitein and the odds of breast cancer among either pre- or postmenopausal women.

Conclusions:
Higher levels of certain serum isoflavones and lignans were associated with reduced odds of breast cancer in premenopausal women, but the interaction was statistically significant only for daidzein.
Association of Empiric Antibiotic Regimen Discordance With 30-Day Mortality in Neonatal and Pediatric Bloodstream Infection—A Global Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cook Aislinn , Hsia Yingfen , Russell Neal , Sharland Mike , Cheung Kaman , Grimwood Keith , Cross Jack , Cotrim da Cunha Denise , Magalhães Gloria Regina , Renk Hanna , Hindocha Avni , McMaster Paddy , Okomo Uduak , Darboe Saffiatou , Alvarez-Uria Gerardo , Jinka Dasaratha R. , Murki Srinivas , Kandraju Hemasree , Dharmapalan Dhanya , Esposito Susanna , Bianchini Sonia , Fukuoka Kahoru , Aizawa Yuta , Jimenez-Juarez Rodolfo Norberto , Ojeda-Diezbarroso Karla , Pirš Mateja , Rožič Mojca , Anugulruengkitt Suvaporn , Jantarabenjakul Watsamon , Cheng Ching-Lan , Jian Bai-Xiu , Spyridakis Evangelos , Zaoutis Theoklis , Bielicki Julia 
Published: January 2021

Background:
While there have been studies in adults reporting discordant empiric antibiotic treatment associated with poor outcomes, this area is relatively unexplored in children and neonates despite evidence of increasing resistance to recommended first-line treatment regimens.

Methods:
Patient characteristics, antibiotic treatment, microbiology, and 30-day all-cause outcome from children <18 years with blood-culture-confirmed bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI) were collected anonymously using REDCap™ through the Global Antibiotic Prescribing and Resistance in Neonates and Children network from February 2016 to February 2017. Concordance of early empiric antibiotic treatment was determined using European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing interpretive guidelines. The relationship between concordance of empiric regimen and 30-day mortality was investigated using multivariable regression.

Results:
Four hundred fifty-two children with blood-culture-positive BSI receiving early empiric antibiotics were reported by 25 hospitals in 19 countries. Sixty percent (273/452) were under the age of 2 years. S. aureus, E. coli, and Klebsiella spp. were the most common isolates, and there were 158 unique empiric regimens prescribed. Fifteen percent (69/452) of patients received a discordant regimen, and 7.7% (35/452) died. Six percent (23/383) of patients with concordant regimen died compared with 17.4% (12/69) of patients with discordant regimen. Adjusting for age, sex, presence of comorbidity, unit type, hospital-acquired infections, and Gram stain, the odds of 30-day mortality were 2.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.2–7.0; P = 0.015) for patients receiving discordant early empiric antibiotics.

Conclusions:
Odds of mortality in confirmed pediatric BSI are nearly 3-fold higher for patients receiving a discordant early empiric antibiotic regimen. The impact of improved concordance of early empiric treatment on mortality, particularly in critically ill patients, needs further evaluation.
Guideline of the guidelines: urolithiasis
Authors: Quhal Fahad , Seitz Christian 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of review
We reviewed the latest guidelines on urolithiasis to highlight the commonalities and differences in the most important recommendations.

Recent findings
Most guidelines utilize systematic review of literature and grade evidence to generate the appropriate recommendations and statements. Only the latest versions of guidelines were included in this review.

Summary
Four national and international guidelines were included in this review, including those of the EAU (European Association of Urology), the AUA (American Urological Association)/ES (Endourological Society), the UAA (Urological Association of Asia) and the NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) guidelines. There are general similarities in the most important recommendations. The EAU guidelines provide the latest evidence updates.