bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secular Evangelicals: Faith-Based Organizing and Four Modes of Public Religion
Authors: Markofski Wes , Fulton Brad R , Wood Richard L 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe present four modes of public religion—secularist, generalist pluralist, particularist pluralist, and exclusivist—and discuss conditions under which white evangelicals employ these different modes. Ethnographic research on white evangelicals participating in multifaith initiatives in Los Angeles, Portland, Boston, and Atlanta indicates that they prefer the secularist mode that avoids religious expression. In addition, the research indicates that when white evangelicals do participate in multifaith contexts where religious expression is encouraged, they prefer the particularist mode that uses faith-specific language rather than the generalist mode that invokes interfaith language. Quantitative data from a national study of community organizing organizations confirms that white evangelicals are more likely to participate in multifaith initiatives that operate in the secularist rather than a religious mode of public engagement. We anticipate that our analytic typology describing four modes of public religion will be valuable for future studies that examine the public engagement of religious actors.
Biosensor-based enzyme engineering approach applied to psicose biosynthesis
Authors: Armetta Jeremy , Berthome Rose , Cros Antonin , Pophillat Celine , Colombo Bruno Maria , Pandi Amir , Grigoras Ioana 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Bioproduction of chemical compounds is of great interest for modern industries, as it reduces their production costs and ecological impact. With the use of synthetic biology, metabolic engineering and enzyme engineering tools, the yield of production can be improved to reach mass production and cost-effectiveness expectations. In this study, we explore the bioproduction of D-psicose, also known as D-allulose, a rare non-toxic sugar and a sweetener present in nature in low amounts. D-psicose has interesting properties and seemingly the ability to fight against obesity and type 2 diabetes. We developed a biosensor-based enzyme screening approach as a tool for enzyme selection that we benchmarked with the Clostridium cellulolyticum D-psicose 3-epimerase for the production of D-psicose from D-fructose. For this purpose, we constructed and characterized seven psicose responsive biosensors based on previously uncharacterized transcription factors and either their predicted promoters or an engineered promoter. In order to standardize our system, we created the Universal Biosensor Chassis, a construct with a highly modular architecture that allows rapid engineering of any transcription factor-based biosensor. Among the seven biosensors, we chose the one displaying the most linear behavior and the highest increase in fluorescence fold change. Next, we generated a library of D-psicose 3-epimerase mutants by error-prone PCR and screened it using the biosensor to select gain of function enzyme mutants, thus demonstrating the framework’s efficiency.
Exchange of information: the challenges ahead
Authors: Oberson Xavier , Papadopoulos Lysandre 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Rules governing the exchange of information in tax matters with Switzerland have been essentially amended in recent years, in order to align with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development standards. Provisions at both the international and domestic levels provide for more transparency. In this context, to what extent have taxpayers’ rights been considered? The abundant Swiss case law provides for some answers—not always satisfactory, though.
Genetic deletion of gpr27 alters acylcarnitine metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and glucose homeostasis in zebrafish
Authors: Nath Anjali K. , Ma Junyan , Chen Zsu‐Zsu , Li Zhuyun , Vitery Maria del Carmen , Kelley Michelle L. , Peterson Randall T. , Gerszten Robert E. , Yeh Jing‐Ruey J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractG protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest group of membrane receptors in eukaryotic genomes and collectively they regulate nearly all cellular processes. Despite the widely recognized importance of this class of proteins, many GPCRs remain understudied. G protein‐coupled receptor 27 (Gpr27) is an orphan GPCR that displays high conservation during vertebrate evolution. Although, GPR27 is known to be expressed in tissues that regulate metabolism including the pancreas, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, its functions are poorly characterized. Therefore, to investigate the potential roles of Gpr27 in energy metabolism, we generated a whole body gpr27 knockout zebrafish line. Loss of gpr27 potentiated the elevation in glucose levels induced by pharmacological or nutritional perturbations. We next leveraged a mass spectrometry metabolite profiling platform to identify other potential metabolic functions of Gpr27. Notably, genetic deletion of gpr27 elevated medium‐chain acylcarnitines, in particular C6‐hexanoylcarnitine, C8‐octanoylcarnitine, C9‐nonanoylcarnitine, and C10‐decanoylcarnitine, lipid species known to be associated with insulin resistance in humans. Concordantly, gpr27 deletion in zebrafish abrogated insulin‐dependent Akt phosphorylation and glucose utilization. Finally, loss of gpr27 increased the expression of key enzymes in carnitine shuttle complex, in particular the homolog to the brain‐specific isoform of CPT1C which functions as a hypothalamic energy senor. In summary, our findings shed light on the biochemical functions of Gpr27 by illuminating its role in lipid metabolism, insulin signaling, and glucose homeostasis.
Therapeutic administration of the recombinant antimicrobial peptide microcin J25 effectively enhances host defenses against gut inflammation and epithelial barrier injury induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection
Authors: Yu Haitao , Wang Yuming , Zeng Xiangfang , Cai Shuang , Wang Gang , Liu Lu , Huang Shuo , Li Ning , Liu Hongbin , Ding Xiuliang , Song Qinglong , Qiao Shiyan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecombinant antimicrobial peptide microcin J25 (MccJ25) causes potent antimicrobial activity against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in vitro; however, independently of this activity, its role in suppressing intestinal inflammation and epithelial barrier injury in vivo remains unclear. We investigated the therapeutic effects of MccJ25 on intestinal inflammation and epithelial barrier dysfunction and the underlying mechanism, using gentamicin for comparison. In a mouse model of intestinal inflammation, therapeutic administration of either MccJ25 or gentamicin after ETEC K88 infection attenuated clinical symptoms, reduced intestinal pathogen colonization, improved intestinal morphology, and decreased inflammatory pathologies and intestinal permeability, ultimately improving the hosts’ health. MccJ25 also attenuated ETEC‐induced mouse intestinal barrier dysfunction by enhancing tight junction proteins (TJPs). Using the human epithelial cell line Caco‐2, we verified the epithelial barrier‐strengthening and mucosal injury‐alleviating effects of MccJ25 on ETEC infection: increased expression of TJPs by activating the p38/MAPK pathway, balancing the microbiota, and improving short‐chain fatty acid concentrations in the cecum of ETEC‐infected mice. Although gentamicin and MccJ25 had similar effects in the inflamed gut, MccJ25 was superior to gentamicin with regard to defending the host from ETEC infection. Overall, MccJ25 may be a promising therapeutic drug for treating enteric pathogen‐induced intestinal inflammation diseases.
Membrane‐type frizzled‐related protein regulates lipidome and transcription for photoreceptor function
Authors: Kautzmann Marie‐Audrey I. , Gordon William C. , Jun Bokkyoo , Do Khanh V. , Matherne Blake J. , Fang Zhide , Bazan Nicolas G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMolecular decision‐makers of photoreceptor (PRC) membrane organization and gene regulation are critical to understanding sight and retinal degenerations that lead to blindness. Using Mfrprd6 mice, which develop PRC degeneration, we uncovered that membrane‐type frizzled‐related protein (MFRP) participates in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) enrichment in a manner similar to adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1). Untargeted imaging mass spectrometry demonstrates cell‐specific reduction of phospholipids containing 22:6 and very long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC‐PUFAs) in Adipor1−/− and Mfrprd6 retinas. Gene expression of pro‐inflammatory signaling pathways is increased and gene‐encoding proteins for PRC function decrease in both mutants. Thus, we propose that both proteins are necessary for retinal lipidome membrane organization, visual function, and to the understanding of the early pathology of retinal degenerative diseases.
Current advances on the microbiome and role of probiotics in upper airways disease
Authors: Yamanishi Shingo , Pawankar Ruby 
Published: November 2019

Purpose of review
The prevalence of chronic upper airway inflammatory diseases such as allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is increasing markedly posing a potential health threat globally. The involvement of the upper respiratory microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper airways has been of considerable interest. The purpose of this review is to understand the characteristics of upper respiratory microbiota in both healthy and chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper airways like allergic rhinitis and CRS and to know the potential role of interventions with probiotics.

Recent findings
We present here the studies on the nasal microbiota in healthy infants, allergic rhinitis, and CRS. The results demonstrate that there are stable and unstable profiles of microbiota during infancy. Decreased diversity or an imbalance of the microbial composition could be an important factor in the development of both allergic rhinitis and CRS. We also discuss here several recent animal and human studies that demonstrate the effect of probiotics in allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. Results from human studies (clinical trials) have demonstrated that probiotics may be effective for allergic rhinitis, but there are no consistent results in human CRS trials.

Summary
Several strains of probiotics revealed potential efficacy for allergic rhinitis but not for CRS. Large clinical trials are essential to establish robust data on probiotics for chronic inflammatory upper airways diseases like allergic rhinitis and CRS.
Does an Uninstrumented Level Increase the Rate of Revision Surgery in a Multilevel Posterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion?
Authors: Schroeder Gregory D. , McKenzie James C. , Casper David S. , Mangan John J. , Stull Justin , Kepler Christopher K. , Nicholson Kristen J. , Kurd Mark F. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Murphy Hamadi , Woods Barrett I. , Radcliff Kris E. , Anderson David G. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Rihn Jeffery A. 
Published: November 2019

Study Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
The goal of this study is to determine if skipping a single level affects the revision rate for patients undergoing multilevel posterior cervical decompression and fusion (PCDF).

Summary of Background Data:
A multilevel PCDF is a common procedure for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. With advanced pathology, it can be difficult to safely place screw instrumentation at every level increasing the risk of intraoperative and perioperative morbidity. It is unclear whether skipping a level during PCDF affects fusion and revision rates.

Patients and Methods:
A cervical spine surgeries database at a single institution was used to identify patients who underwent ≥3 levels of PCDF. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients who had screws placed at every level or if they had a single level without screws bilaterally. Patients were excluded if the surgery was performed for tumor, trauma, or infection, and age below 18 years, or if there was <1 year of follow-up.

Results:
A total of 157 patients met inclusion criteria, with 86 undergoing a PCDF with instrumentation at all levels and 71 that had a single uninstrumented level. Overall mean follow-up was 46.5±22.8 months. In patients with or without a skipped level, the revision rate was 25% and 26%, respectively (P<1.00). Univariate regression analysis demonstrated that proximal fixation level in the upper cervical region, having the fusion end at C7, prior surgery, and myelopathy were significant predictors of revision. Skipping a single level, however, was not predictive of revision.

Conclusions:
When performing a multilevel PCDF, there is no increase in the rate of revision surgery if a single level is uninstrumented. Conversely, other surgical factors, including the cranial and caudal levels, affect revision rates. In contrast to other reports, the C2 sagittal vertical axis did not affect reoperation rates.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
An Initiative Using Simulation to Aid in Retention of Advanced Cardiac Life Support Knowledge and Skills in an Emergency Department Nurse Residency Program
Authors: Campbell Denise , Clark Patricia C. 
Published: November 2019

Introduction
Cardiac arrest is the most urgent type of emergency, and favorable outcomes are best achieved by early resuscitation. Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) certification enables nurses to provide care to patients who are at a high risk of life-threatening emergencies.

Objective
The objective of this quality improvement project was to explore the retention of knowledge and skills of 20 graduate nurses who participated in a nurse residency program using an ACLS simulation-based learning experience (SBLE) at 2 and 8 weeks post completion of an ACLS provider course.

Methods
A pretest-posttest design was used with 2 emergency department graduate nurse cohorts who participated in an SBLE focused on ACLS components at 2 and 8 weeks after attending the ACLS provider course. Simulation-based learning experiences were videotaped, and outcome measures (ie, time to shock) were measured in seconds. The nurses completed the ACLS written test before and after the SBLE.

Results
Most ACLS outcomes improved after SBLE except time to shock. Pretest-posttest ACLS average scores decreased from 93.5% to 77.8% (first cohort) and from 94.5% to 86.7% (second cohort).

Discussion
Simulation-based learning experience may be an important adjunct instructing method for teaching new graduates ACLS skills.
Precision in Oculofacial Surgery: Made-To-Specification Cast-Molded Implants in Orbital Reconstruction
Authors: Chen Allison J. , Chung Natalie N. , Liu Catherine Y. , MacIntosh Peter W. , Korn Bobby S. , Kikkawa Don O. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
To describe the utilization of customized made-to-specification porous polyethylene implants and to evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients who received these implants for unilateral orbital defects.

Methods:
A retrospective review of 9 patients was performed. Three-dimensional surface models were generated from high-resolution computed tomography scans. Orbital constructs were modeled after the normal, contralateral orbits and mirrored across the vertical midline to generate the target orbital implant. Measured outcomes included globe position, extraocular motility, facial symmetry, and diplopia.

Results:
Patients ranged 25–56 years old (mean: 37) and included 6 males and 3 females. Cases consisted of 6 orbital floor fractures due to trauma, 1 lateral wall defect after neurofibroma resection, 1 floor/medial wall defect after myxoma resection, and 1 superior orbital rim defect after intraosseous hemangioma resection. Seven patients had ≥1 prior repair. All patients had previous hard and soft tissue defects and varying degrees of restrictive globe motility. Patients exhibited improved ductions after implant placement and improved facial appearance and symmetry. Post-operatively, 1 patient was found to have a small orbital hematoma between the implant and orbital floor, resolving within weeks.

Conclusions:
Precision, personalized oculofacial surgery is the next wave in tailoring surgical care to the individual patient. Customizable implants are manufactured to specifically mold to an individual patient’s unique bony architecture, which can lead to superior outcomes in reconstructing orbital and craniofacial bony defects. This technique is particularly useful in patients with prior unsuccessful repair.
Clinical-Radiological Patterns and Histopathological Outcomes in Non-Thyroid Extraocular Muscle Enlargement: Retrospective Case Series and Current Concepts
Authors: Savino Gustavo , Midena Giulia , Tartaglione Tommaso , Milonia Luca , Caputo Carmela Grazia , Grimaldi Gabriela 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
To report a single-center experience with non-thyroid causes of extraocular muscle enlargement (EME), describing the association between clinical-radiological findings at presentation and the final histopathological diagnosis.

Methods:
Retrospective consecutive case series of 59 patients with single or multiple EME on orbital imaging, in the absence of an etiological diagnosis at the time of presentation. All patients were submitted to orbital muscle biopsy in order to achieve a final etiological diagnosis. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy and vascular causes of EME which were angiographically and clinically diagnosed were excluded. Orbital ultrasound and radiologic evaluation (CT and/or MRI) were performed before surgery in all cases. Main outcomes measured included initial clinical-radiological findings and final histopathological features of EME.

Results:
A diagnosis of lymphoma was confirmed in 13 cases (22%). Sixteen cases (27%) were diagnosed as orbital inflammatory disease including nonspecific idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease in 9 cases, IgG4-related disease in 4 cases, and sclerosing idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease in 3 cases. In 11 patients (18%), a diagnosis of metastatic tumor was made, whereas sarcoidosis, vascular malformations, Erdheim-Chester, and necrobiotic xanthogranuloma were diagnosed in 8 eyes (13.5%). Three patients (5%) with single muscle enlargement developed Graves disease 10 months later. Four patients (6.7%) were diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis. In 2 cases (3.3%), the diagnosis was unknown, with inconclusive biopsy results. Differential patterns for inflammatory/vascular, lymphomatous and metastatic EME were identified based on age and gender distribution and clinical-radiological characteristics at presentation.

Conclusions:
Initial clinical and radiological features may orientate the differential diagnosis of non-thyroid EME.
CPI-17 Overexpression and Its Correlation With the NF2 Mutation Spectrum in Sporadic Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Xu Jianhui , Zhang Yang , Shi Yuxuan , Yin Dongming , Dai Peidong , Zhao Weidong , Zhang Tianyu 
Published: November 2019

Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that CPI-17 expression and NF2 mutations are correlated with merlin phosphorylation in the etiology of sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Background:

NF2 gene mutations have been identified in the majority of sporadic and NF2-associated schwannomas and NF2 gene mutations have been shown to result in merlin protein phosphorylation. CPI-17 can drive Ras activity and promote tumorigenic transformation by inhibiting the tumor suppressor merlin. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between CPI-17 overexpression and the NF2 mutation spectrum in sporadic VS.

Methods:
In this study, we measured CPI-17 expression and identified NF2 gene alterations in a series of sporadic VS samples. Freshly frozen tumor and matched peripheral blood leukocytes from 44 individuals with sporadic VS were analyzed using next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Western blotting was used to determine the level of merlin phosphorylation, and immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to measure CPI-17 expression in the sporadic VS samples. CCK-8 and wound-healing assays were used to determine the influence of CPI-17 overexpression on cell proliferation.

Results:

NF2 mutations were identified in 79.5% of sporadic vestibular schwannomas, with all mutations being exclusively somatic. IHC and WB showed the expression of CPI-17 is upregulated in the sporadic VS. NF2 mutation and CPI-17 are positively correlated with merlin phosphorylation. CPI-17 overexpression induces the proliferation of HEI193 cells.

Conclusion:

NF2 mutations and CPI-17 expression together induce merlin phosphorylation, which is correlated with the tumorigenesis of sporadic VSs.
Feasibility of Pediatric Robotic Cochlear Implantation in Phantoms
Authors: Bom Braga Gabriela O’Toole , Schneider Daniel , Muller Fabian , Hermann Jan , Weber Stefan , Caversaccio Marco 
Published: November 2019

Objective:
To demonstrate the feasibility of robotic cochlear implant surgery in subject specific pediatric phantoms.

Study Design:
Pilot study.

Materials and Methods:
Computed tomographic preoperative encrypted data of 10 pediatric subjects (total of 20 sides) between 8 months and 48 months old, who underwent cochlear implant surgery were studied. Four datasets (n = 8 sides) were selected for investigation of the complete robotic procedure including middle and inner ear access and electrode insertion.

Results:
The planning of the safe trajectory for the robotic approach was possible in 17 of the cases. In three sides, planning the trajectory was not possible due to the small size of the facial recess. Bone thickness study demonstrated average sufficient bone thickness at the site of screw implantation in general. The complete robotic procure including the drilling and insertion was successfully carried out on all the created phantoms.

Conclusion:
With this work we have demonstrated the feasibility of planning and performing a robotic middle and inner ear access and cochlear implantation (CI) in phantom models of pediatric subjects. To develop and validate the proposed procedure for use in children, next stage optimization of the current surgical workflow and adaptation of the surgical material to pediatric population is necessary.