bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convective instability in binary nanofluids with an internal heat source in the presence of thermodiffusion and nanoparticles
Authors: Gaikwad Sravan Nayek , Surwase Dnyaneshwar Madhav 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of internal heat source on the convective instability under the effect of thermodiffusion of nanoparticles and solute in binary nanofluids theoretically using stability criterion based on linear stability theory. A horizontal layer of binary nanofluid at constant and different temperatures is considered, and the problem is modeled by the system of highly nonlinear partial differential equations. These coupled equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using nondimensional variables. To study the convective instability of a binary nanofluid, the Rayleigh numbers are derived analytically for stationary and oscillatory convections and the addition factor Fa is proposed. The comparison of the obtained results is favorable with previously published results. The Brinkman model for viscosity and the Bruggeman model for thermal conductivity are used to study the effect of nanoparticle on the system. The effects of various parameters, namely internal Rayleigh number, volume fraction of nanoparticles, Soret coefficients of nanoparticles, and solute on the system are shown through graphs. To check the variation in stability, we have considered NH3/H2O+Ag binary nanofluid and the effect of addition factor on the concentration profiles are explained with the help of a graph.
Thermoconvective instability in a vertically oscillating horizontal ferrofluid layer with variable viscosity
Authors: Aanam A Neha , Siddheshwar P. G. , Nagouda Smita S. , Pranesh S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe paper sheds light on the linear and nonlinear stability of a ferrofluid with the temperature and magnetic‐field‐dependent viscosity subjected to an imposed time‐periodic gravity modulation. The perturbations in the system due to external reasons are expanded in terms of the amplitude of modulation in the case of linear stability and a truncated representation of the Fourier series in the case of nonlinear stability. A nonautonomous Lorenz model for the problem is first obtained, and both linear and nonlinear analyses of the system are performed using this. The expression for the critical Rayleigh number, , and the correction Rayleigh number, , is found from the linearized Lorenz model. The Lorenz system of equations is solved for the amplitude to arrive at the Nusselt number (Nu), which quantifies the heat transport. In the study we find that the thermorheological effect and the magnetization effect work in unison to destabilize the system, while the magnetorheological effect and the effect of vertical oscillations stabilize the system. The influence of the parameters on the heat transport is the opposite to their effect on the critical Rayleigh number. The results of the paper agree quite well with those of limiting cases.
Study on effect of diverse air inlet arrangement on thermal management of cylindrical lithium‐ion cells
Authors: Sharma Abhinav , Patil Yashodhan , Krishnaiah Ravi , Ashok B. , Garg Akhil , Gao Liang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLithium‐ion cells are preferred in the electrical powertrain due to high‐power density, compactness, and modularity. In real driving conditions, the cells undergo discharge rates as high as 4 C resulting in high heat generation affecting the performance. To obtain the maximum performance the pack construction and thermal management of cells are crucial parameters. In our work, air‐cooled technique with diverse air inlet and staggered scheme with a two‐channel partition approach for thermal management of the cylindrical lithium‐ion cells are studied in computational fluid dynamics. The simulation model is validated with experimental results. The obtained results demonstrate that the cells in the dual‐directional air inlet arrangement had low maximum temperature difference among and within the cells and required least fan work. This arrangement required least fan work to generate optimal air inlet velocity of 2 m/s for 1, 2, and 3 C and 4 m/s for 4 C discharge rates. There is a reduction of 50% and 33% fan work for 3 and 4 C discharge rates, which are the majority operating points. Also, it shows that the temperature uniformity within the cells has improved. The results of this study can used to optimize parameters for designing an enhanced thermal management system.
Near‐real‐time one‐kilometre Soil Moisture Active Passive soil moisture data product
Authors: Yin Jifu , Zhan Xiwu , Liu Jicheng , Moradkhani Hamid , Fang Li , Walker Jeffrey P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe coarse resolution soil moisture (SM) data from NASA SMAP mission have been steadily produced with the expected performance since April 2015. These coarse resolution observations could be downscaled to fine resolution using fine scale observations of SM sensitive quantities from existing satellite sensors. For operational users who need near‐real‐time (NRT) high resolution SM data, the downscaling approach should be feasible for operational implementation, requiring limited ancillary information and primarily depending on readily available satellite observations. Based on these principles, nine potential candidate downscaling schemes were selected for developing an optimal downscaling strategy. Using remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) observations, the optimal downscaling approach was tested for operational producing a NRT 1 km SM data product from SMAP. Comprehensive assessments on the 1 km SM product were conducted based on agreement statistics with in‐situ SM measurements. Statistical results show that the accuracy of the original coarse spatial resolution SMAP SM product can be significantly improved by 8% by the downscaled 1 km SM. With respect to the in‐situ measurements, the 1 km SM mapping capability developed here presents a clear advantage over the SMAP/Sentinel SM data product; and it also provides better data availability for users. This study suggests that a NRT 1 km SMAP SM data product could be routinely generated from SMAP at the centre for Satellite Applications and Research of NOAA NESDIS for operational users.
Oral Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor Roxadustat (FG‐4592) for Treatment of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Placebo‐Controlled Study of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profiles in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Provenzano Robert , Tumlin James , Zabaneh Raja , Chou James , Hemmerich Stefan , Neff Thomas B. , Yu K.‐H. Peony 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRoxadustat (FG‐4592), an oral hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor that stimulates erythropoiesis, was evaluated in a phase 1b study in patients with end‐stage renal disease with anemia on hemodialysis. Seventeen patients, on epoetin‐alfa maintenance therapy with stable hemoglobin levels ≥10 g/dL, had epoetin‐alfa discontinued on day 3 and were enrolled in this double‐blind placebo‐controlled study. Two cohorts were randomized 3:1 (roxadustat: placebo). Patients received single doses of roxadustat (1 or 2 mg/kg) or placebo 1 hour after hemodialysis on day 1 and 2 hours before dialysis on day 8. Maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve for patients receiving roxadustat were slightly more than dose proportional and elimination half‐life ranged from 14.7 to 19.4 hours. Roxadustat was highly protein bound (99%) in plasma, and dialysis contributed a small fraction of the total clearance: only 4.56% and 3.04% of roxadustat recovered from the 1 and 2 mg/kg dose groups, respectively. Roxadustat induced transient elevations of endogenous erythropoietin that peaked between 7 and 14 hours after dosing and returned to baseline by 48 hours after dosing. Peak median endogenous erythropoietin levels were 96 mIU/mL and 268 mIU/mL for the 1‐ and 2‐mg/kg doses, respectively, within physiologic range of endogenous erythropoietin responses to hypoxia at high altitude or after blood loss. No serious adverse events were reported, and there were no treatment‐ or dose‐related trends in adverse event incidence.
Pseudo aneurysm of the uterine artery with arteriovenous fistula after cesarean section: A rare but sinister cause of delayed postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Pohlan Julian , Hinkson Larry , Wickmann Ulrike , Henrich Wolfgang , Althoff Christian E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPseudoaneurysm of the uterine artery is a rare complication of cesarean section. Delayed diagnosis and management may result in rapid and catastrophic postpartum hemorrhage and may necessitate hysterectomy or can even be fatal. A 28‐year‐old woman (gravida I, para I) presented with delayed postpartum hemorrhage 10 days after emergency cesarean section. Using transabdominal and transvaginal Color Doppler sonography, we detected a pseudoaneurysm in the posterior uterine wall, which was successfully treated with selective embolization distal and proximal to the lesion with platinum coils. In patients with delayed postpartum hemorrhage—especially after cesarean section—the rare possibility of uterine artery pseudoaneurysm must be kept in mind.
Adult adoptees and their use of direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing: Searching for family, searching for health
Authors: Lee Heewon , Vogel Rachel I. , LeRoy Bonnie , Zierhut Heather A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUse of direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing (DTC‐GT) is rapidly growing in the United States. Yet little is known about how specific populations like domestic and intercountry adoptees use DTC‐GT. Adoptees often have little to no biological family history, which may affect how they use DTC‐GT. This study aimed to examine adult adoptees' motivations to pursue DTC‐GT, experiences completing a test, and reasons for not completing one. An online survey consisting of 41 closed‐ended questions was distributed to domestic and intercountry adult adoptees in a snowball convenience method addressing seven areas: (a) demographics and adoption experience, (b) family health history, (c) familiarity with DTC‐GT, (d) actual DTC‐GT experience, (e) hypothetical DTC‐GT experience, (f) health results, and (g) satisfaction with DTC‐GT. Descriptive statistics were performed on participant demographics and adoption characteristics, and chi‐squared and Fisher's exact tests compared demographics and adoption characteristics by familiarity with DTC‐GT and completion of DTC‐GT. A total of 117 adoptees met criteria and completed the survey. Adoptees were motivated to use DTC‐GT to search for biological family (83.0%), verify race and ethnicity (72.3%), and find out where ancestors came from (66.0%). Most participants completed DTC‐GT (80.3%); completion was significantly associated with searching for biological relatives (p < 0.01) and with older age (p = 0.05). For those who received health information (59.6%), 44.4% of participants reported talking with a health provider. Adoptees are using DTC‐GT to search for biological relatives, confirm their ethnicity and ancestry, and gain information about their health. Genetic counselors and health professionals should be prepared to address DTC‐GT with adoptees as nearly half discussed their results with providers; findings from this study provide insight into how this unique population uses DTC‐GT, and the possibility of patient‐centered, tailored care for adopted patients who do not have family health history.
The epidemiology of minor surgical problems during specialists' absence: Single center, descriptive study
Authors: Abe Toshiyuki , Matsubara Tomoyasu , Sasaki Sho , Oda Hiroyuki , Imura Hiroshi , Mogi Tsunetoshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn Japan, even if physicians have not experienced surgical training, they face many instances in which they must provide initial surgical treatment, especially during off‐hours. This study aimed to identify the frequency and fields of commonly encountered problems in a Japanese emergency department.MethodsA retrospective review was performed to identify walk‐in outpatients with exogenous problems visiting during off‐hours in the Japanese educational hospital providing primary to tertiary emergency care between January 1 and December 31, 2014. Diseases were aggregated according to International Classification of Primary Care (Second Edition; ICPC‐2).ResultsDuring the study period, 33 424 patients visited and 7476 were classified into the “exogenous” group. We analyzed the data of 7421 patients after excluding 55 who were deemed undiagnosable based on reviews of the charts. The median age of patients who visited the ED during off‐hours was 29 years (range: 0‐101 years, IQR: 8‐60 years). Altogether, 226 types of problems included in ICPC‐2 were identified during the study period. The majority fields of exogenous problems were ‘skin,’ ‘Musculoskeletal,’ and ‘eye.’ The 15 problems with the highest frequencies accounted for 50.2% of the total problems.ConclusionsWe identified surgical problems with high treatment frequencies among patients visiting the ED during off‐hours. Providing education focusing on these frequent surgical problems can help to improve the initial treatment quality and reduce the anxiety for those doctors who provide initial surgical treatment.
Using a HIV prevention cascade for identifying missed opportunities in PrEP delivery in Kenya: results from a programmatic surveillance study
Authors: Were Daniel , Musau Abednego , Mutegi Jane , Ongwen Patricia , Manguro Griffins , Kamau Mercy , Marwa Tom , Gwaro Hellen , Mukui Irene , Plotkin Marya , Reed Jason 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionHIV prevention cascades have been systematically evaluated in high‐income countries, but steps in the pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) service delivery cascade have not been systematically quantified in sub‐Saharan Africa. We analysed missed opportunities in the PrEP cascade in a large‐scale project serving female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM) and adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Kenya.MethodsProgrammatic surveillance was conducted using routine programme data from 89 project‐supported sites from February 2017 to December 2019, and complemented by qualitative data. Healthcare providers used nationally approved tools to document service statistics. The analyses examined proportions of people moving onto the next step in the PrEP continuum, and identified missed opportunities. Missed opportunities were defined as implementation gaps exemplified by the proportion of individuals who could have potentially accessed each step of the PrEP cascade and did not. We also assessed trends in the cascade indicators at monthly intervals. Qualitative data were collected through 28 focus group discussions with 241 FSW, MSM, AGYW and healthcare providers, and analysed thematically to identify reasons underpinning the missed opportunities.ResultsDuring the study period, 299,798 individuals tested HIV negative (211,927 FSW, 47,533 MSM and 40,338 AGYW). Missed opportunities in screening for PrEP eligibility was 58% for FSW, 45% for MSM and 78% for AGYW. Of those screened, 28% FSW, 25% MSM and 65% AGYW were ineligible. Missed opportunities for PrEP initiation were lower among AGYW (8%) compared to FSW (72%) and MSM (75%). Continuation rates were low across all populations at Month‐1 (ranging from 29% to 32%) and Month‐3 (6% to 8%). Improvements in average annual Month‐1 (from 26% to 41%) and Month‐3 (from 4% to 15%) continuation rates were observed between 2017 and 2019. While initiation rates were better among younger FSW, MSM and AGYW (<30 years), the reverse was true for continuation.ConclusionsThe application of a PrEP cascade framework facilitated this large‐scale oral PrEP programme to conduct granular programmatic analysis, detecting “leaks” in the cascade. These informed programme adjustments to mitigate identified gaps resulting in improvement of selected programmatic outcomes. PrEP programmes are encouraged to introduce the cascade analysis framework into new and existing programming to optimize HIV prevention outcomes.
Chondroitin sulfate disaccharide is a specific and sensitive biomarker for mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA
Authors: Chin Sharon J. , Saville Jennifer T. , McDermott Belinda K. , Zankl Andreas , Fletcher Janice M. , Fuller Maria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPS IVA) is an inborn error of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) catabolism characterized by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme, N‐acetylgalactosamine 6‐sulphatase (GALNS). Consequently, partially degraded GAG, chondroitin 6‐sulfate (CS) and keratan sulfate (KS), accumulate in the lysosomes of affected cells, primarily in cartilage resulting in skeletal disease. Excessive urinary excretion of these GAG is often used as the initial biochemical parameter to inform a laboratory diagnosis. Here we present the utility of a CS‐disaccharide with a non‐reducing 6‐sulfated N‐acetylgalactosamine residue (HNAc‐UA (1S))—the enzyme's substrate—for the diagnosis and biochemical monitoring of MPS IVA patients. Following implementation of this method into the diagnostic laboratory, we identified one MPS IVA patient over 3 years of MPS urine screening, with no false positive results from 2050 urines tested. Uniquely, urinary concentrations of HNAc‐UA (1S) are independent of age meaning that age‐related reference ranges are not required. Urinary HNAc‐UA (1S) was also able to identify two MPS IVA siblings who remained misdiagnosed with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia for 5 years because of normal urinary GAG. HNAc‐UA (1S) could also be used as a biomarker for monitoring response to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) as there was a drop in urinary concentration following the administration of ERT in all 12 patients and concentrations correlated with urinary KS (R2 = 0.92). In conclusion, HNAc‐UA (1S) is a reliable, sensitive and specific biomarker for the diagnosis of MPS IVA and can be used to biochemically monitor the response to ERT.
Changes of acetabular anteversion according to pelvic tilt on sagittal plane under various acetabular inclinations
Authors: Song Suk Kyoon , Choi Won Kee , Jung Suk Han , Kim Hee Chan , Kim Tae Hoon , Cho Myung Rae 
Published: June 2020

AbstractImproper functional orientation of the acetabular cup can result in improper positions when dynamic pelvic positions are not considered. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes on acetabular anteversion according to pelvic tilt under various acetabular inclinations. Two artificial pelvic models were selected for this study. Acetabular inclinations on the coronal plane were 25°, 32°, 50°, and 60°. Acetabular anteversion of all components were 15°. Changes of anteversion according to pelvic tilt were measured at angles of 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40°. Computer Navigation, PolyWare 3D pro, CT, and plain radiography were used to measure each angle. The anatomical anteversions against pelvic tilt were calculated using the following formulae: anatomical anteversion (°) = −14.48Χ + 90.18 (inclination angle 25°); anatomical anteversion (°) = −12.26Χ + 80.10 (inclination angle 32°); anatomical anteversion (°) = −7.468Χ + 61.13 (inclination angle 50°); and anatomical anteversion (°) = −5.328Χ + 44.84 (inclination angle 60°) (Χ: pelvic tilt angle). Radiographic anteversion against pelvic tilt were calculated using the following formulae: radiographic anteversion (°) = −9.50Χ + 57.09 (inclination angle 25°); radiographic anteversion (°) = −8.577Χ + 50.89 (inclination angle 32°); radiographic anteversion (°) = −6.794Χ + 45.73 (inclination angle 50°); radiographic anteversion (°) = −5.226Χ + 33.08 (inclination angle 60°). In conclusion, changes in anteversion according to pelvic tilt were lesser at higher degrees of acetabular inclination.
Evaluating Indirect Effects of Hunting on Mule Deer Spatial Behavior
Authors: Brown Casey L. , Smith Joshua B. , Wisdom Michael J. , Rowland Mary M. , Spitz Derek B. , Clark Darren A. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTMule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) are widely hunted throughout western North America and are experiencing population declines across much of their range. Consequently, understanding the direct and indirect effects of hunting is important for management of mule deer populations. Managers can influence deer mortality rates through changes in hunting season length or authorized tag numbers. Little is known, however, about how hunting can affect site fidelity patterns and subsequent habitat use and movement patterns of mule deer. Understanding these patterns is especially important for adult females because changes in behavior may influence their ability to acquire resources and ultimately affect their productivity. Between 2008 and 2013, we obtained global positioning system locations for 42 adult female deer at the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in northeast Oregon, USA, during 5‐day control and treatment periods in which hunters were absent (pre‐hunt), present but not actively hunting (scout and post‐hunt), and actively hunting male mule deer (hunt) on the landscape. We estimated summer home ranges and 5‐day use areas during pre‐hunt and hunt periods and calculated overlap metrics across home ranges and use areas to assess site fidelity within and across years. We used step selection functions to evaluate whether female mule deer responded to human hunters by adjusting fine‐scale habitat selection and movement patterns during the hunting season compared to the pre‐hunt period. Mule deer maintained site fidelity despite disturbance by hunters with 72 ± 4% (SE) within‐year overlap between summer home ranges and hunt use areas and 54 ± 7% inter‐annual overlap among pre‐hunt use areas and 56 ± 7% among hunt use areas. Mule deer diurnal movement rates, when hunters are active on the landscape, were higher during the hunting period versus pre‐hunt or scout periods. In contrast, nocturnal movement rates, when hunters are inactive on the landscape, were similar between hunting and non‐hunting periods. Additionally, during the hunt, female mule deer hourly movements increased in areas with high greenness values, indicating that mule deer spent less time in areas with more vegetative productivity. Female mule deer maintained consistent habitat selection patterns before and during hunts, selecting areas that offered more forest canopy cover and high levels of vegetative productivity. Our results indicate that deer at Starkey are adopting behavioral strategies in response to hunters by increasing their movement rates and selecting habitat in well‐established ranges. Therefore, considering site fidelity behavior in management planning could provide important information about the spatial behavior of animals and potential energetic costs incurred, especially by non‐target animals during hunting season. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.