bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Denksysteme und Medizinsysteme – von der Abbildung der
Wirklichkeit in der Ethnomedizin
Authors: Stoll Günther 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungEthnomedizin und die zugehörigen Forschungsdisziplinen Ethnobotanik und
Ethnopharmakologie beschäftigen sich mit den Medizinsystemen fremder
Kulturen und den ihnen zugrundeliegenden Denksystemen. Solche Forschungen sind
sowohl aus anthropologischer und kulturwissenschaftlicher Sicht interessant als
auch als mögliche Fundquellen für neue Arzneimittelwirkstoffe.
Tatsächlich gibt es bereits eine Reihe erfolgreicher Adaptionen
tradierter Wirkprinzipien in die Medizin westlicher Prägung; teilweise
werden diese Wirkprinzipien gemäß der ursprünglichen
indigenen Verwendung eingesetzt, teilweise bildeten sie den Ausgangspunkt
für weitere Entwicklungen hin zu Monosubstanzen, chemisch-synthetischen
Derivaten oder auch zu neuen Indikationen. In manchen Ländern bestehen
die traditionellen Medizinsysteme parallel zu westlichen, in anderen bilden sie
die einzige zur Verfügung stehende Form der Gesundheitsversorgung. Bei
der Beschäftigung mit traditionellen Medizinsystemen sind viele
Vorsichtsmaßnahmen und Randbedingungen zu beachten; wichtig ist daher
vor allem die Erkenntnis, dass sie bei allen kulturell bedingten Unterschieden
doch auf einem großen medizinischen Erfahrungsschatz beruhen und
wertvolle Anregungen geben können. Der Beitrag erläutert den
erkenntnistheoretischen Hintergrund, gibt einen Überblick über
die wichtigsten traditionellen Medizinsysteme und zeigt einige praktische
Nutzanwendungen.
S2K-Leitlinie zur Diagnostik der idiopathischen Lungenfibrose
Authors: Behr J. , Günther A. , Bonella F. , Dinkel J. , Fink L. , Geiser T. , Geißler K. , Gläser S. , Handzhhiev S. , Jonigk D. , Koschel D. , Kreuter M. , Leuschner G. , Markart P. , Prasse A. , Schönfeld N. , Schupp J. C. , Sitter H. , Müller-Quernheim J. , Costabel U. 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDie idiopathische Lungenfibrose (IPF) ist eine schwerwiegende, chronische Lungenerkrankung, deren Diagnosestellung eine profunde fachliche Expertise verlangt. Seit Veröffentlichung der internationalen IPF-Leitlinie im Jahr 2011 mit Update 2018 haben zahlreiche Studien und technische Fortschritte eine Neubewertung des diagnostischen Vorgehens notwendig gemacht. Angesichts der Indikation, symptomatischen Patienten eine antifibrotische Therapie sofort nach Diagnosestellung zu empfehlen, hat die aktuelle IPF-Diagnostik-Leitlinie zum Ziel, die Diagnose der IPF möglichst ohne Verzögerung, wenig invasiv und zuverlässig zu ermöglichen. Sie beschreibt den typischen klinischen Kontext der IPF sowie die Untersuchungen, die zum Ausschluss bekannter Ursachen einer Lungenfibrose erforderlich sind, einschließlich standardisierter Anamneseerhebung, serologischer Testungen und zellulärer Analyse der bronchoalveolären Lavage. Zentrale Bedeutung kommt dem hochauflösenden Computertomogramm in Dünnschichttechnik zu. Sofern eine Histologie zur Diagnoseeingrenzung erforderlich ist, soll diese in erster Linie mittels der transbronchialen Lungen-Kryobiopsie gewonnen werden. Die chirurgische Lungenbiopsie soll Patienten vorbehalten bleiben, die in ausreichender Verfassung für diesen Eingriff sind und bei denen die endoskopische Diagnostik keine Klärung der Diagnose ergab. Goldstandard ist auch weiterhin die interdisziplinäre Diskussion der erhobenen Befunde, um nach Ausschluss anderer Formen chronisch progredienter Lungenfibrosen die Diagnose der IPF zu stellen.
A new 12-French plastic stent for unresectable distal malignant biliary obstruction
Authors: Deprez Pierre H. , Moreels Tom G. , Aouattah Tarik , Piessevaux Hubert , Pérez-Cuadrado-Robles Enrique 
Published: March 2020

Background Self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) are recommended in unresectable distal malignant biliary obstruction. However, problems with dysfunction and migration of these stents are not negligible. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of a new 12-Fr plastic stent.
Methods In an observational, prospective study, all consecutive patients who underwent biliary stenting with the 12-Fr stent were considered (index group). Referent groups were a historical cohort, matched by sex, etiology, and metastatic status, including patients with 10-Fr plastic stents and with fully covered and uncovered SEMSs (FCSEMSs and UCSEMSs). Outcomes were stent patency, recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO), technical success, 30-day mortality and adverse events. A post-procedure examination of removed stents was done.
Results 72 patients (median age 66, range 32 – 94 years, 50 % men) were included (24 index, 48 referents). There were no differences in median stent patency time (P = 0.684). RBO was significantly lower with the 12-Fr compared with the 10-Fr profile stent (50 % vs. 81.3 %, P = 0.04), but no difference was found compared with the FCSEMSs (50 % vs. 43.8 %, P = 0.698). Technical success was 100 %, with no differences in 30-day mortality P = 0.105). The adverse events rate was 4.2 % for both groups (index n = 1, referents n = 2). Of 11 removed 12-Fr plastic stents suspected to be dysfunctional, 7 (64 %) were still patent.
Conclusions This new 12-Fr plastic stent could be an effective and cheaper alternative to SEMSs in distal malignant biliary obstruction.
The Potential Role of Aldosterone-Producing Cell Clusters in Adrenal
Disease
Authors: Lim Jung Soo , Rainey William E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension.
The hallmark of PA is adrenal production of aldosterone under suppressed renin
conditions. PA subtypes include adrenal unilateral and bilateral
hyperaldosteronism. Considerable progress has been made in defining the role for
somatic gene mutations in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) as the primary
cause of unilateral PA. This includes the use of next-generation sequencing
(NGS) to define recurrent somatic mutations in APA that disrupt calcium
signaling, increase aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) expression, and aldosterone
production. The use of CYP11B2 immunohistochemistry on adrenal glands from
normal subjects, patients with unilateral and bilateral PA has allowed the
identification of CYP11B2-positive cell foci, termed aldosterone-producing cell
clusters (APCC). APCC lie beneath the adrenal capsule and like APA, many APCC
harbor somatic gene mutations known to increase aldosterone production. These
findings suggest that APCC may play a role in pathologic progression of PA.
Herein, we provide an update on recent research directed at characterizing APCC
and also discuss the unanswered questions related to the role of APCC in PA.
Diabetes and Addictive Disorders
Authors: Balhara Yatan Pal Singh , Bajaj Sarita , Tiwaskar Mangesh , Joshi Ameya , Deshmukh Vaishali 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrevalence of addictive disorders among persons with diabetes mellitus (DM) (type 1 and type 2) ranges from 9.6 to 29%. Excessive and problematic use of psychoactive substances in persons with diabetes results in poor glycemic control with frequent hyperglycemic crisis. Tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, benzodiazepines, inhalants, and stimulants are common psychoactive substances used among persons with diabetes in India. The daily use of alcohol by men and women with DM should not exceed 15 and 30 g of ethanol, respectively. Use of other psychoactive substances is not recommended for persons with DM. Various screening tools exist for assessing substance abuse like WHO-ASSIST, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and Opioid Risk Tool. Integrated management of co-occurring addictive disorder and DM is recommended. Psychosocial treatments for substances include brief interventions (BIs), motivational interviewing, contingency management, relapse prevention, and cognitive behavior therapy
Implications of Metabolically Healthy Obesity—Ganesha Speaks
Authors: Shaikh Rukia Surya , Patil Pratiksha , Lathia Tejal 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe cherubic elephant God Ganesha, a favorite of millions of Hindu devotees, sports a round belly. Humans who have a round belly would be classified as obese. Is all obesity unhealthy? What is metabolically healthy obesity? Different definitions and criteria make the discussion of metabolically healthy obesity difficult and challenging.
Risk Stratification of Acute Pulmonary Embolism and Determining the Effect on Chronic Cardiopulmonary Complications: The REACH Study
Authors: Stevens Hannah , Fang Wendy , Clements Warren , Bloom Jason , McFadyen James , Tran Huyen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction Patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) are at risk of developing chronic complications including the post-PE syndrome with reduced cardiopulmonary function and chronic thromboembolism pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Risk stratification at PE diagnosis is an important tool in predicting early mortality; however, its use in predicting chronic complications has not been evaluated.
Objective This study investigates the effect of initial risk stratification of intermediate risk and standard risk PE on the rate of development of chronic complications including right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, residual perfusion defects, and CTEPH.
Methods Cases of acute PE (n = 1,524) were identified using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification discharge diagnosis coding for PE. Evidence of RV dysfunction and systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg were used to risk stratify into high, intermediate and standard risk PE.
Results There were 508 patients included in the analysis. Intermediate risk PE was associated with higher rates of persistent RV dysfunction as well as residual perfusion defects on repeat imaging. The overall rate of CTEPH was low (0.6%) and there was no difference between the intermediate risk and standard risk PE groups.
Conclusion These findings demonstrate that acute intermediate risk PE is associated with higher rates of RV dysfunction on follow-up imaging than standard risk PE. However, the rate of CTEPH was similar between the two groups and overall the CTEPH rate was low among all patients with intermediate and standard risk PE.
Taking DDL online
Authors: Crosthwaite Peter 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the rationale, design and implementation of a short private online course (SPOC) on
data-driven learning (DDL) (Johns, 1991), focusing on L2 error correction in
postgraduate academic writing and involving over 300 registered users. I discuss the affordances of using a SPOC platform (namely
EdX) for online DDL training, describing activities that cover a range of useful strategies for DDL-led error
detection and correction. Learners’ usage of the SPOC platform and their quantitative and qualitative perceptions of the course
are described for the reader. The paper also outlines certain conceptual and methodological challenges involved in taking DDL
instruction online.
Do the parallels meet?
Authors: Danylenko Andrii 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe paper is concerned with the origin and the development of the Accusative with Infinitive (AcI) construction in Slavic. Looking into the areal-typological, diachronic, and socio-typological parameters of the AcI construction, the author introduces new Slavic dialectal and comparative material and reconstructs the developmental cline of this construction along two parallel pathways of grammaticalization of the second accusative complement in Proto-Indo-European. The grammaticalization of infinitival complementation, typical primarily of those Slavic varieties which acquired secondary analytical features, is distinguished from the grammaticalization of participial complementation which is commonly attested in the history of low-contact Slavic languages and dialects like Southwest Ukrainian and some Polish dialects. Special emphasis is placed on the interaction between infinitival and participial grammaticalization in the history of Slavic standard and non-standard varieties, which allows the author to substantiate an initial switching between the two pathways as attested in Old Church Slavonic and early standard varieties of (West) Slavic.
Language contact and language borrowing?
Authors: Bauer Brigitte L. M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the potential influence of Latin syntax on the development of analytic verb forms in a well-defined and concrete instance of language contact, the Old French translation of a Latin Gospel. The data show that the formation of verb forms in the Old French was remarkably independent from the Latin original. While the Old French text closely follows the narrative of the Latin Gospel, its usage of compound verb forms is not dictated by the source text, as reflected e.g. in the quasi-omnipresence of the relative sequencefinite verb+pp, which – with a few exceptions – all trace back to a different structure in the Latin text. Engels (VerenigdeStaten) Another important innovative difference in the Old French is the widespread use ofaveir‘have’ as an auxiliary, unknown in Latin. The article examines in detail the relation between the verbal forms in the two texts, showing that the translation is in line withofgrammar. The usage of compound verb forms in the Old French Gospel is therefore autonomous rather than contact stimulated, let alone contact induced. The results challengeBlatt’s (1957)assumption identifying compound verb forms as a shared feature in European languages that should be ascribed to Latin influence.
What makes a good story?
Authors: Petersen Charlotte 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
People do things with words, but words also touch people. Aiming to analyze socially preferable linguistic
characteristics, the present study exemplifies and explicates the text-linguistically salient characteristics in a narrative most
frequently evaluated as ‘appropriate’ by the majority of a Danish population. Asked what is appropriate or inappropriate in a
narrative context, the background population repeatedly explained “coherence”, “fiction” and “details” as contextually appropriate
(Appendix 1). Salient in the preferred narrative was the use of co-textual enhancement,
in which one clause enhances the meaning of another one by qualifying it in various ways. In particular, meaning was enhanced by
having cause and effect rationally explicated by subordinating specifications prompting coherence, cohesion, and details.
Additionally, a considerable level of social realism was salient in this narrative, while the background population’s preference
for fiction may allude to the socio-contextual recognizability that made the narrative easily imaginable as a possible world.
Orthographic variation as evidence for the development of the Linear B writing system
Authors: Judson Anna P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the issue of orthographic variation in the Linear B writing system in order to explore ways in which studying a writing system’s orthographic conventions may shed light on the history of its development. Linear B was used in the palatial/administrative centres of Late Bronze Age Greece and Crete (c.1400–1200 B.C.E.) and records an early Greek dialect known as ‘Mycenaean’. The writing system’s structure and orthographic conventions permit flexibility in the spelling of particular phonological sequences: this paper discusses the varying orthographic representation of such sequences and shows that synchronic variation is common or even the norm in many cases. Investigating the factors which underlie this variation demonstrates the potential for a study of synchronic variation to illuminate a writing system’s diachronic development; it also underlines the importance of analysing the ways in which writers actually choose to use writing systems in order to fully understand their development.
More than an alphabet
Authors: Pae Hye K. , Bae Sungbong , Yi Kwangoh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Korean Hangul writing system conforms to the alphabetic principle to the extent that its graphs (i.e., its
minimal orthographic components) represent phonemes, but it differs from the standard convention of alphabetic orthography by
configuring its syllables as blocks. This paper describes the orthographic, phonological, and morphological characteristics of the
Korean language and Hangul and reviews a selection of psycholinguistic studies that have investigated Hangul word recognition. In
contrast to the results of studies employing Roman alphabetic orthographies, the reviewed evidence highlights at sublexical levels
both the dominance of syllable-based processing and a propensity to process CVC syllables as body (CV) plus coda (C) units rather
than as onset (C) plus rime (VC) units, which together indicate a script-specific decoding of Hangul words. Although the
morphological characteristics of Korean have yet to be fully investigated, consistent with the fact that approximately 70 percent
of the Korean lexicon consists of Sino-Korean vocabulary, studies have also observed morphological effects on Hangul word
recognition. Based on the psycholinguistic evidence reviewed, this paper concludes by proposing to refer to Hangul as a
morphosyllabic alphabet writing system, to the extent that the term appears to adequately capture the
orthographic, phonological, and morphological characteristics of the script.
On the notions of graphematic representation and orthography from the perspective of the Japanese writing
system
Authors: Joyce Terry , Masuda Hisashi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper addresses two closely related topics for understanding the highly fungible nature of written Japanese.
The first is to consider the relative merits of the notions of graphematic representation and orthography with respect to the
Japanese writing system (JWS). The second issue is to advocate an inclusive notion of intentionality, which together with the
notion of conventionality, provides an approach to thinking about the pervasive nature of graphematic variation within the JWS.
Accordingly, the principle Japanese orthographic conventions are outlined in Part 3, while the more substantive Part 4 presents a
tentative classification of the various factors of intentionality that also exert considerable influence over contemporary written
Japanese.
Developing a unified orthography for Berawan
Authors: Burkhardt Jey Lingam , Burkhardt Jürgen Martin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBerawan is a small ethnic community, numbering fewer than 4,000 members, in the Malaysian state of Sarawak on Borneo Island. There are four language varieties; namely, Long Jegan (LJG), Batu Belah (BB), Long Teru (LTU) and Long Terawan (LTN). This paper describes the development of the preliminary unified Berawan orthography by the authors, in collaboration with representatives from three Berawan communities (BB, LTU and LJG). Smalley’s (1959,1965) criteria for orthography development are discussed in relation to the authors’ stage framework for orthographic development, which has been adapted fromRempel (1995)within the context of developing the Berawan orthography and the orthographic decisions made by the Berawan. Two additional factors for orthography implementation are proposed. The first stresses the importance of adequate testing, which is essential for both obtaining objective measurements to inform decision making and establishing a well-designed and effective orthography. The second new factor emphasizes the importance of having sufficient time available to learn the developed orthography.
Repeated sprint cycling performance is not enhanced by ischaemic preconditioning or muscle heating strategies
Authors: Cocking Scott , Ihsan Mohammed , Jones Helen , Hansen Clint , Timothy Cable N. , Thijssen Dick H. J. , Wilson Mathew G. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Both ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) and muscle heat maintenance can be effective in enhancing repeated‐sprint performance (RSA) when applied individually, acting mechanisms of these interventions, however, likely differ. It is unclear if, when combined, these interventions could further improve RSA. Methods: Eleven trained cyclists undertook experimental test sessions, whereby IPC (4 × 5‐min at 220 mmHg) and SHAM (4 × 5‐min at 20 mmHg) were each performed on two separate visits, each combined with either passive muscle heating or thermoneutral insulation prior to an “all‐out” repeated‐sprint task (10 × 6‐s sprints with 24‐s recovery). Primary outcome measures were peak and average power output (W), whist secondary measures were muscular activation and muscular oxygenation, measured via Electromyography (EMG) and Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), respectively. Results: IPC did not enhance peak [6 (−14–26)W; P = 0.62] or average [12 (−7–31)W; P = 0.28] power output versus SHAM. Additionally, no performance benefits were observed when increasing muscle temperature in combination with IPC [5 (−14–19) watts; P = 0.67], or in isolation to IPC [9 (−9–28)W; P = 0.4] versus SHAM. No changes in EMG or microvascular changes were present (P > 0.05, respectively) between conditions. Conclusion: Overall, neither IPC, muscle heating, or a combination of both enhances RSA cycling performance in trained individuals.
Phase coherent transport and spin-orbit interaction in GaAs/InSb core/shell nanowires
Authors: Zellekens Patrick , Demarina Natalia , Janßen Johanna , Rieger Torsten , Ion Lepsa Mihail , Perla Pujitha , Panaitov Gregory , Lüth Hans , Grützmacher Detlev , Schäpers Thomas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Low-temperature magnetotransport measurements are performed on GaAs/InSb core–shell nanowires. The nanowires were self-catalyzed grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The conductance measurements as a function of back-gate voltage show an ambipolar behavior comprising an insulating range in between the transition from the p-type to the n-type region. Simulations based on a self-consistent Schrödinger–Poisson solver revealed that the ambipolar characteristics originate from a Fermi level dependent occupation of hole and electron states within the approximately circular quantum well formed in the InSb shell. By applying a perpendicular magnetic field with respect to the nanowire axis, conductance fluctuations were observed, which are used to extract the phase-coherence length. By averaging the magneto-conductance traces at different back-gate voltages, weak antilocalization features are resolved. Regular flux-periodic conductance oscillations are measured when an axial magnetic field is applied. These oscillations are attributed to closed-loop quantized states located in the InSb shell which shift their energetic position periodically with the magnetic flux. Possible reasons for experimentally observed variations in the oscillation patterns are discussed using simulation results.
Wavelength stabilized high pulse power 48 emitter laser bars for automotive light detection and ranging application
Authors: Klehr Andreas , Liero Armin , Christopher Heike , Wenzel Hans , Maaßdorf Andre , Della Casa Pietro , Fricke Jörg , Ginolas Arnim , Knigge Andrea 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Diode lasers generating optical pulses with high peak power and lengths in the nanosecond range are key components for light detection and ranging systems, e.g. for autonomous driving and object detection. We present here an internally wavelength stabilized distributed Bragg reflector broad area laser bar with 48 emitters. The vertical structure based on AlGaAs (confinement and cladding layers) and InGaAs (active quantum well) is specifically optimized for wavelength-stabilized pulsed operation, applying a surface Bragg grating with high reflectivity. The bar is electrically driven by a new in-house developed high-speed driver based on GaN transistors providing current pulses with amplitudes of up to 1000 A and a repetition frequency of 10 kHz. The generated 4 ns to 10 ns long optical pulses are nearly rectangular shaped and reach a pulse peak power in excess of 600 Watts at 25 °C. The optical spectrum with a centre wavelength of about 900 nm has a width of 0.15 nm (FWHM) with a side mode suppression ratio > 30 dB.