bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formal Specification and Verification of Data Separation for Muen Separation Kernel
Authors: Bhushan Ram C. , Yadav Dharmendra K. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
Development of integrated mixed-criticality systems is becoming increasingly popular for
application-specific systems, which needs separation mechanism for available onboard resources and the processors
equipped with hardware virtualization. Hardware virtualization allow the partitions to physical resources, which include
processor cores, memory, and I/O devices, among guest virtual machines (VMs). For building mixed criticality computing
environment, traditional virtual machine systems are inappropriate because they use hypervisors to schedule separate VMs
on physical processor cores. In this article, we discuss the design of an environment for mixed-criticality systems: The
Muen an x86/64 separation kernel for high assurance. The Muen Separation Kernel is an Open Source microkernel which
has no runtime errors at the source code level. The Muen separation kernel has been designed precisely to encounter the
challenging requirements of high-assurance systems built on the Intel x86/64 platform. Muen is under active development,
and none of the kernel properties of it has been verified yet. In this paper, we present a novel work of verifying one of the
kernel properties formally.

Method:
The CTL used in NuSMV is a first-order modal along with data-depended processes and regular formulas. CTL
is a branching-time logic, meaning that its model of time is a tree-like structure in which the future is not determined;
there are different paths in the future, any one of which might be an actual path that is realized . This section shows the
verification of all the requirements mentioned in section 3. In NuSMV tool the command used for verification of the
formulas written in CTL is checkctlspec -p ”CTL-expression”. The nearest quantifier binds each occurrence of a variable
in the scope of the bound variable, which has the same name and the same number of arguments.

Result:
Formal methods have been applied to various projects for specification and verification purpose. Some of them
are the SCOMP , SeaView , LOCK,and Multinet Gateway projects. The TLS was written formally. Several mappings
were done between the TLS and the SCOMP code: Informal English language to TLS, TLS to actual code , and TLS to
pseudo-code. The authors present an ACL2 model for a generic separation kernel also known as GWV approach.

Conclusion:
We consider the formal verification of data separation property which is one of the crucial modules to
achieve the separation functionality. The verification of the data separation manager is carried out on the design level
using the NuSMV tool. Furthermore, we present the complete model of the data separation unit along with its code written
in the NuSMV modelling language. Finally, we have converted the non-functional requirements into the formal logic,
which then has verified the model formally.
Resource Efficient Deployment and Data Aggregation in Pervasive IoT Applications (Smart Agriculture)
Authors: Zahoor Saniya , Naaz Roohie 
Published: September 2020

Aims:
Internet of Things (IoT) is the evolution of the Internet designed to sense, collect,
analyze and distribute the data via IoT devices that form its core component. An important aspect of
pervasive IoT applications is its resource-constrained devices. Most of the real-time Edge-IoT applications
generate a huge amount of data, which add to the resource consumption in these devices. To save
resources in such applications, efficient node deployment and data aggregation techniques can be used.
This paper presents the design and modeling of node deployment and data aggregation in Edge-IoT
applications along with the homogeneous and heterogeneous network scenarios for smart agriculture.

Objectives:
To save resources in such applications, efficient node deployment and data aggregation
techniques can be used. This paper presents the design and modeling of node deployment and data
aggregation in Edge-IoT applications along with the homogeneous and heterogeneous network scenarios
for smart agriculture.

Methods:
For heterogeneous scenarios, we propose a clustering approach, Superior Aggregator Resource
Efficient Clustering (SAREC), to address the resource constraints in pervasive Edge-IoT applications.
The comparison of homogeneous and heterogeneous networks is based on LEACH and
SAREC protocols, respectively.

Results:
The results show that SAREC is 25% more efficient in energy utilization and network lifetime
than LEACH. The results also show that SAREC is more efficient in terms of storage and processing
time as compared to LEACH.

Conclusion:
Node deployment is an important aspect in determining the architecture, which plays an
important role in resource management in pervasive applications of IoT. The IoT nodes are distributed
in a selected geographical location and the topology of the network is pre-decided to form an
Edge-IoT network. In such an environment, the nodes are deployed to sense, aggregate and analyze
the data. This paper presents a pervasive Edge-IoT network along with the mathematical modeling
consisting of deployment and aggregation models. An Edge-IoT network for smart agriculture has
been deployed and analysis of resource utilization has been performed in homogeneous and heterogeneous
scenarios of the network. The resource limitations in pervasive IoT network motivated us to
develop a SAREC approach for such Edge-IoT applications that optimizes the use of resources. The
comparison of the proposed SAREC protocol is made with respect to LEACH protocol on the basis
of energy, network lifetime, number of alive nodes, storage and processing time. The results show
that SAREC protocol is 25% more efficient in energy utilization and network lifetime than LEACH.
It is also evident from the results that the SAREC is more efficient in terms of storage and processing
time as compared to LEACH.
The Role of Media’s Security upon Counter Terrorism Threat in Kurdistan Region
Authors: Hama Yohan Othman , Fathulla Ibrahim Saeed 
Published: September 2020

The objective of this research is to detect the role of Asayesh (Security directorate)’s media on public awareness upon counter-terrorism issues in Kurdistan region. A range of Kurdistan region’s university academic members have been taken as survey sample.
Through a questionnaire form the research which sought the opinions of a representative sample of academic staff at formal Universities in Kurdistan region as they considers elite of society, and their opinions and evaluations matter , and have to be taken for consideration. The Respondents were invited to complete the questionnaire to indicate the cons and pros of Asayesh (security) directorate’s media in Kurdistan region, in particular upon public awareness upon terror and security issues.
The research concludes that academic members of Kurdistan region universities still depend on television as media platform to be aware of Asayesh’s public announcements on counter terrorism issues , they also emphasize that their messages affects their perceptions towards issues of counter-terrorism.
Utilizing Machine Learning on Internet Search Activity to Support the Diagnostic Process and Relapse Detection in Young Individuals With Early Psychosis: Feasibility Study
Authors: Birnbaum Michael Leo , Kulkarni Prathamesh "Param" , Van Meter Anna , Chen Victor , Rizvi Asra F , Arenare Elizabeth , De Choudhury Munmun , Kane John M 
Published: September 2020

Background
Psychiatry is nearly entirely reliant on patient self-reporting, and there are few objective and reliable tests or sources of collateral information available to help diagnostic and assessment procedures. Technology offers opportunities to collect objective digital data to complement patient experience and facilitate more informed treatment decisions.

Objective
We aimed to develop computational algorithms based on internet search activity designed to support diagnostic procedures and relapse identification in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Methods
We extracted 32,733 time-stamped search queries across 42 participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 74 healthy volunteers between the ages of 15 and 35 (mean 24.4 years, 44.0% male), and built machine-learning diagnostic and relapse classifiers utilizing the timing, frequency, and content of online search activity.

Results
Classifiers predicted a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders with an area under the curve value of 0.74 and predicted a psychotic relapse in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with an area under the curve of 0.71. Compared with healthy participants, those with schizophrenia spectrum disorders made fewer searches and their searches consisted of fewer words. Prior to a relapse hospitalization, participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were more likely to use words related to hearing, perception, and anger, and were less likely to use words related to health.

Conclusions
Online search activity holds promise for gathering objective and easily accessed indicators of psychiatric symptoms. Utilizing search activity as collateral behavioral health information would represent a major advancement in efforts to capitalize on objective digital data to improve mental health monitoring.
Nowcasting Sexually Transmitted Infections in Chicago: Predictive Modeling and Evaluation Study Using Google Trends
Authors: Johnson Amy Kristen , Bhaumik Runa , Tabidze Irina , Mehta Supriya D 
Published: September 2020

Background
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) pose a significant public health challenge in the United States. Traditional surveillance systems are adversely affected by data quality issues, underreporting of cases, and reporting delays, resulting in missed prevention opportunities to respond to trends in disease prevalence. Search engine data can potentially facilitate an efficient and economical enhancement to surveillance reporting systems established for STIs.

Objective
We aimed to develop and train a predictive model using reported STI case data from Chicago, Illinois, and to investigate the model’s predictive capacity, timeliness, and ability to target interventions to subpopulations using Google Trends data.

Methods
Deidentified STI case data for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and primary and secondary syphilis from 2011-2017 were obtained from the Chicago Department of Public Health. The data set included race/ethnicity, age, and birth sex. Google Correlate was used to identify the top 100 correlated search terms with “STD symptoms,” and an autocrawler was established using Google Health Application Programming Interface to collect the search volume for each term. Elastic net regression was used to evaluate prediction accuracy, and cross-correlation analysis was used to identify timeliness of prediction. Subgroup elastic net regression analysis was performed for race, sex, and age.

Results
For gonorrhea and chlamydia, actual and predicted STI values correlated moderately in 2011 (chlamydia: r=0.65; gonorrhea: r=0.72) but correlated highly (chlamydia: r=0.90; gonorrhea: r=0.94) from 2012 to 2017. However, for primary and secondary syphilis, the high correlation was observed only for 2012 (r=0.79), 2013 (r=0.77), 2016 (0.80), and 2017 (r=0.84), with 2011, 2014, and 2015 showing moderate correlations (r=0.55-0.70). Model performance was the most accurate (highest correlation and lowest mean absolute error) for gonorrhea. Subgroup analyses improved model fit across disease and year. Regression models using search terms selected from the cross-correlation analysis improved the prediction accuracy and timeliness across diseases and years.

Conclusions
Integrating nowcasting with Google Trends in surveillance activities can potentially enhance the prediction and timeliness of outbreak detection and response as well as target interventions to subpopulations. Future studies should prospectively examine the utility of Google Trends applied to STI surveillance and response.
Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: Large-Scale, Online, Self-Reported Population Survey
Authors: Oliver Nuria , Barber Xavier , Roomp Kirsten , Roomp Kristof 
Published: September 2020

Background
Spain has been one of the countries most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the first confirmed case was reported on January 31, 2020, there have been over 405,000 cases and 28,000 deaths in Spain. The economic and social impact is without precedent. Thus, it is important to quickly assess the situation and perception of the population. Large-scale online surveys have been shown to be an effective tool for this purpose.

Objective
We aim to assess the situation and perception of the Spanish population in four key areas related to the COVID-19 pandemic: social contact behavior during confinement, personal economic impact, labor situation, and health status.

Methods
We obtained a large sample using an online survey with 24 questions related to COVID-19 in the week of March 28-April 2, 2020, during the peak of the first wave of COVID-19 in Spain. The self-selection online survey method of nonprobability sampling was used to recruit 156,614 participants via social media posts that targeted the general adult population (age >18 years). Given such a large sample, the 95% CI was ±0.843 for all reported proportions.

Results
Regarding social behavior during confinement, participants mainly left their homes to satisfy basic needs. We found several statistically significant differences in social behavior across genders and age groups. The population’s willingness to comply with the confinement measures is evident. From the survey answers, we identified a significant adverse economic impact of the pandemic on those working in small businesses and a negative correlation between economic damage and willingness to stay in confinement. The survey revealed that close contacts play an important role in the transmission of the disease, and 28% of the participants lacked the necessary resources to properly isolate themselves. We also identified a significant lack of testing, with only 1% of the population tested and 6% of respondents unable to be tested despite their doctor’s recommendation. We developed a generalized linear model to identify the variables that were correlated with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result. Using this model, we estimated an average of 5% for SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in the Spanish population during the time of the study. A seroprevalence study carried out later by the Spanish Ministry of Health reported a similar level of disease prevalence (5%).

Conclusions
Large-scale online population surveys, distributed via social media and online messaging platforms, can be an effective, cheap, and fast tool to assess the impact and prevalence of an infectious disease in the context of a pandemic, particularly when there is a scarcity of official data and limited testing capacity.
The COVID Stones Collaborative: How has the Management of Ureteric Stones Changed During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic? Rationale and Study Protocol
Authors: Georgiades Fanourios , Byrne Matthew H V , Lovegrove Catherine Elizabeth , Klatte Tobias , Saeb-Parsy Kasra , Howles Sarah , Stewart Grant D , Turney Ben , Wiseman Oliver 
Published: September 2020

Background and objectives The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having a significant impact on healthcare delivery. As a result, management of patients with ureteric stones has likely been affected. We report our study protocol for the investigation of ureteric stone management during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods The COVID Stones study is a multicenter national cohort study of the management and outcomes of patients with ureteric stones before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. The study will consist of three data collection periods, pre-pandemic (“pre-COVID”), pandemic (“COVID”), and post-pandemic (“post-COVID”). This will allow quantification of what “normal” was, how this has changed, and to capture any persisting changes in management. The primary outcome evaluating the success rate of the initial treatment decision will be assessed following a 6-month follow-up from the time of first presentation and will be performed for each recruited patient from each of the three data collection periods. This will allow comparison between both management and outcomes before, during, and after the pandemic. Conclusions We anticipate that this study will lead to an increased understanding of the impact of the outcomes of emergency management of ureteric stones following changes in clinical practice due to the COVID-19 pandemic health provision restrictions.
Beban Kognitif Siswa Pada Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan Berbantuan Prezi Application
Authors: Lesmana Sari Eka , Ramdhan Billyardi , Windyariani Sistiana 
Published: September 2020

Cognitive load theory is a theory used to study the limitations of working memory in receiving and processing new information obtained by students, mental efforts owned by students and student learning outcomes after studying the learning that has been presented. The purpose of this study was to determine the cognitive load profile of students of class VII Junior High School Sukabumi on environmental pollution material with the help of prezi application. Qualitative descriptive research method with research subjects as many as 40 students. The instrument uses description questions, questionnaires, and multiple choice questions. The results of the study describe that the cognitive load profile of students' intellectual cognitive load (ICL) in receiving and processing information has a fairly high average value of 81.25. This shows that the cognitive load profile of students is low, then the results described from the extraneous cognitive load (ECL) in the mental efforts of students get an average value of 65.2. This illustrates that there is a cognitive load profile that is owned by students and finally the learning outcomes using germane cognitive load (GCL), where students get an average score of 63, this is the same as ECL which describes students as having a cognitive load profile because of the low value of learning outcomes. obtained by students.
Abstrak.Teori beban kognitif merupakan teori yang digunakan untuk mempelajari keterbatasan memori kerja dalam menerima dan mengolah informasi baru yang diperoleh peserta didik, usaha mental yang dimiliki oleh peserta didik dan hasil belajar peserta didik setelah mempelajari pembelajaran yang sudah disampikan. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui profil beban kognitif peserta didik kelas VII Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri Kota Sukabumi pada materi pencemaran lingkungan dengan berbantuan prezi application. Metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan subyek penelitian sebanyak 40 orang peserta didik. Instrumen menggunkan soal uraian, kuisioner, dan soal pilihan ganda. Hasil penelitian mendeskripsikan bahwa profil beban kognitif siswa instrisic cognitive load (ICL) dalam menerima dan mengolah informasi memiliki nilai rata-rata yang cukup tinggi yaitu 81,25. Hal tersebut menunjukkan profil beban kognitif yang dimiliki peserta didik rendah, kemudian hasil yang digambarkan dari extraneous cognitive load (ECL) dalam usaha mental peserta didik memperoleh nilai rata-trata 65,2. Hal tersebut menggambarkan terdapat profil beban kognitif yang dimiliki oleh siswa dan yang terakhir hasil belajar dengan menggunakan germane cognitive load (GCL) yaitu siswa memperoleh nilai rata-rata 63 hal tersebut sama dengan ECL yang menggambarkan peserta didik memiliki profil beban kognitif karena rendahnya nilai hasil belajar yang diperoleh peserta didik.
Implementasi Bimbingan Sosial Dalam Penyesuaian Diri Bagi Lanjut Usia Di Upt Pelayanan Sosial Tresna Werdha Khusnul Khotimah Pekanbaru
Authors: Alpianti Alpianti , Zulamri Zulamri 
Published: September 2020

Pada umumnya lanjut usia merupakan bagian akhir dari perkembangan manusia yang selalu identik dengan berbagai macam permasalahan. Selain perubahan dari segi fisik, lanjut usia juga mengalami perubahan psikologis seperti kehilangan pasangan, teman-teman dekat, perasaan kehilangan karena ditinggal oleh anak-anaknya dan perubahan peran. Perubahan psikologis tersebut sering memengaruhi tingkah laku lanjut usia. Banyaknya lansia yang mengalami permasalahan dalam penyesuaian diri dengan lingkungan sekitar, teman sebaya dan lain-lain. Hal ini memerlukan bimbingan sosial untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang dihadapi lansia tersebut. Peran psikolog dalam mengembangkan kemampuan penyesuaian diri lansia di UPT Pelayanan Sosial Tresna Werdha Khusnul Khotimah Pekanbaru sangat berpengaruh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi bimbingan sosial dalam penyesuaian diri bagi lanjut usia di UPT Pelayanan Sosial Tresna Werdha Khusnul Khotimah Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan dengan tipe deskriptif yang menjelaskan dan menafsirkan data yang ada. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah psikolog di UPT Pelayanan Sosial Tresna Werdha Khusnul Khotimah Pekanbaru dan koordinator/pembimbing sosial di UPT Pelayanan Sosial Tresna Werdha Khusnul Khotimah Pekanbaru. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan data dan informasi adalah menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian, penulis dapat menyimpulkan bahwa implementasi bimbingan sosial dalam penyesuaian diri bagi lanjut usia di UPT Pelayanan Sosial Tresna Werdha Khusnul Khotimah Pekanbaru menggunakan bimbingan secara langsung seperti pencerahan (ceramah), dikusi (menyampaikan pendapat), dan tanya jawab (wawancara).
Pola Asuh Single Parent Dalam mengembangkan Moralitas Anak Di Desa Marga Mulya Kecamatan Rambah Samo Kabupaten Rokan Hulu
Authors: Mudrikah Laila Lathifatul 
Published: September 2020

Dalam penelitian ini dituliskan berdasarkan judul pada skripsi ini yakni Pola Asuh Single Parent Dalam Mengembangkan Moralitas Anak di Desa Marga Mulya Kecamatan Rambah Samo Kabupaten Rokan Hulu, sebagaimana permasalahannya tentang kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh single parent dalam menjalani peran ganda dikeluarganya sehingga single parent kurang dapat fokus terhadap pengasuhan anaknya sebab harus sibuk bekerja untuk keberlangsungan hidup keluarganya. Sehingga dapat dirumuskan bagaimana Pola Asuh Single Parent dalam mengembangkan moralitas anak di Desa Marga Mulya Kecamatan Rambah Samo Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pola Asuh Single Parent dalam mengembangkan moralitas anak di Desa Marga Mulya Kecamatan Rambah Samo Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu single parent di Desa Marga Mulya. Dalam kajian ini peneliti menggunakan teori Authoritarian, Permissive dan Authoritative. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, kemudian jenis penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah 5 orang ibu single parent. Dari hasil penelitian ini diketahui para informan menerapkan pola asuh yang mengarah pada pola asuh permisif dan authoritative dalam mendidik anak mereka dengan cara lebih mencari aman dalam mengasuh, mendidik, dan mengawasi anak sebab kesibukan sebagai ibu single parent yang menyandang dua posisi sebagai tulang punggung keluarga dan ibu untuk anaknya maka ibu single parent tersebut mengasuh anaknya dengan memberikan kebebasan kepada anak, memaklumi segala perilaku anak, kurang menuntut tanggung jawab anak dan perilaku anak namun single parent tetap berusaha memberikan yang terbaik untuk anaknya dengan segala keterbatasan waktu yang dimilikinya.