bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased variability but intact integration during visual navigation in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Noel Jean-Paul , Lakshminarasimhan Kaushik J. , Park Hyeshin , Angelaki Dora E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disturbance afflicting a variety of functions from perception to cognition. The recent computational focus suggesting aberrant Bayesian inference in ASD has yielded promising but conflicting results in attempting to explain a wide variety of phenotypes by canonical computations. Here we used a naturalistic visual path integration task that combines continuous action with active sensing and allows tracking of subjects’ dynamic belief states. Both groups showed a previously documented bias pattern, by overshooting the radial distance and angular eccentricity of targets. For both control and ASD groups, these errors were driven by misestimated velocity signals due to a non-uniform speed prior, rather than imperfect integration. We tracked participant’s beliefs and found no difference in the speed prior, but heightened variability in the ASD group. Both end-point variance and trajectory irregularities correlated with ASD symptom severity. With feedback, variance was reduced and ASD performance approached that of controls. These findings highlight the need for both more naturalistic tasks and a broader computational perspective to understand the ASD phenotype and pathology.
Replication timing maintains the global epigenetic state in human cells
Authors: Klein Kyle N. , Zhao Peiyao A. , Lyu Xiaowen , Bartlett Daniel A. , Singh Amar , Tasan Ipek , Watts Lotte P. , Hiraga Shin-ichiro , Natsume Toyoaki , Zhou Xuemeng , Leung Danny , Kanemaki Masato T. , Donaldson Anne D. , Zhao Huimin , Dalton Stephen , Corces Victor G. , Gilbert David M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDNA is replicated in a defined temporal order termed the replication timing (RT) program. RT is spatially segregated in the nucleus with early/late replication corresponding to Hi-C A/B chromatin compartments, respectively. Early replication is also associated with active histone modifications and transcriptional permissiveness. However, the mechanistic interplay between RT, chromatin state, and genome compartmentalization is largely unknown. Here we report that RT is central to epigenome maintenance and compartmentalization in both human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and cancer cell line HCT116. Knockout (KO) of the conserved RT control factor RIF1, rather than causing discrete RT switches as previously suspected, lead to dramatically increased cell to cell heterogeneity of RT genome wide, despite RIF1’s enrichment in late replicating chromatin. RIF1 KO hESCs have a nearly random RT program, unlike all prior RIF1 KO cells, including HCT116, which show localized alterations. Regions that retain RT, which are prevalent in HCT116 but rare in hESCs, consist of large H3K9me3 domains revealing two independent mechanisms of RT regulation that are used to different extents in different cell types. RIF1 KO results in a striking genome wide downregulation of H3K27ac peaks and enrichment of H3K9me3 at large domains that remain late replicating, while H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 are re-distributed genome wide in a cell type specific manner. These histone modification changes coincided with global reorganization of genome compartments, transcription changes and a genome wide strengthening of TAD structures. Inducible degradation of RIF1 revealed that disruption of RT is upstream of genome compartmentalization changes. Our findings demonstrate that disruption of RT leads to widespread epigenetic mis-regulation, supporting previously speculative models in which the timing of chromatin assembly at the replication fork plays a key role in maintaining the global epigenetic state, which in turn drives genome architecture.
An ultrasound absorbing inflorescence zone enhances echo-acoustic contrast of bat-pollinated cactus flowers
Authors: Simon Ralph , Matt Felix , Santillan Vinicio , Tschapka Marco , Tuttle Merlin , Halfwerk Wouter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFlowering plants have evolved an extraordinary variety of signaling traits to attract and guide their pollinators. Most flowers rely on visual and chemical signals, but some bat-pollinated plants have evolved reflective surfaces to acoustically guide echolocating bats. All known acoustic flower signals rely on the same principle of increased sonar reflectivity. Here we describe a novel mechanism through which plants can make flowers acoustically conspicuous, a principle that relies on increased absorption of the area surrounding the flower. In a bat-pollinated columnar cactus (Espostoa frutescens) we found a hairy inflorescence zone, a so called cephalium. Flowers solely emerge out of this zone. We measured the ultrasound echoes of cephalia, flowers and unspecialized column surfaces and recorded echolocation calls of approaching bats. We found that the cephalium acts as strong ultrasound absorber, attenuating the sound by −14 dB compared to other parts of the column. The absorption was highest around the echolocation call frequencies of approaching bats. Our results indicate that, instead of making flowers more reflective, plants can also evolve structures to attenuate the background echo, thereby enhancing the acoustic contrast with the target. Similar sound absorbing mechanisms may be found in other species that interact with bats across a wide range of ecological contexts.
Scandals and reforms: combating police corruption in Taiwan
Authors: Ko Ernie 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the causes of police corruption in Taiwan and identify those factors which can enhance the status of police.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review and eight in-depth interviews of informants are employed to support the arguments of environment, education, governance and culture and to formulate a typology of police corruption in Taiwan.

Findings
The literature review and eight interviews confirm that individual cases of police corruption have replaced systemic police corruption in Taiwan. The author concludes that police corruption should be addressed in the context of both environment and institutional design. Even though the public perceptions of police integrity in Taiwan have been trending positively over the years, the individual cases of police corruption which occur within certain precincts indicate the continued importance of initiating institutional reforms. The public perceptions of Taiwan’s police force will be further improved if police corruption can be minimized and properly controlled.

Practical implications
This paper can serve as a benchmark to evaluate future development of Taiwan police corruption.

Originality/value
This paper provides an analysis of the causes of police corruption in Taiwan and the measures taken to curb it.
Epidemiological shift of hepatitis A in EAGLE countries – a projection
Authors: Ghildayal Nidhi 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Many world regions are developing quickly and experiencing increasing levels of sanitation, causing an epidemiological shift of hepatitis A in these areas. The shift occurs when children avoid being infected with the disease until a later age due to cleaner water sources, food, and hygiene practices in their environment; but if they are infected at later age, the disease is much more severe and lost productivity costs are higher. The purpose of this paper is to examine what could occur if an epidemiological shift of the disease continues in these regions, and what type of future burden hepatitis A may have in a hypothetical rapidly developing country.

Design/methodology/approach
Initially, annual hepatitis A mortality was regressed on the Human Development Index (HDI) for each country classified as an emerging and growth-leading economy (EAGLE) to provide an overview of how economic development and hepatitis A mortality related. Data from the various EAGLE countries were also fit to a model of hepatitis A mortality rates in relation to HDI, which were both weighted by each country’s 1995–2010 population of available data, in order to create a model for a hypothetical emerging market country. A second regression model was fit for the weighted average annual hepatitis A mortality rate of all EAGLE countries from the years 1995 to 2010. Additionally, hepatitis A mortality rate was regressed on year.

Findings
Regression results show a constant decline of mortality as HDI increased. For each increase of one in HDI value in this hypothetical country, mortality rate declined by 2.3016 deaths per 100,000 people. The hypothetical country showed the HDI value increasing by 0.0073 each year. Also, results displayed a decrease in hepatitis A mortality rate of 0.0168 per 100,000 people per year. Finally, the mortality rate for hepatitis A in this hypothetical country is projected to be down to 0.11299 deaths per 100,000 people by 2030 and its economic status will fall just below the HDI criteria for a developed country by 2025.

Originality/value
The hypothetical country as a prototype model was created from the results of regressed data from EAGLE countries. It is aimed to display an example of the health and economic changes occurring in these rapidly developing regions in order to help understand potential hepatitis A trends, while underscoring the importance of informed and regular policy updates in the coming years. The author believes this regression provides insight into the patterns of hepatitis A mortality and HDI as these EAGLE countries undergo rapid development.
From PBL to innovation: a decennial case-study from an HPV student team
Authors: Baldissera Paolo , Delprete Cristiana 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The implementation of project-based learning (PBL) activities in the curricula of engineering students has become a consolidated method to improve their skills. The purpose of this paper is to share the experience acquired by the authors from a decennial case-study on a student team PBL activity focused on design and development of human-powered vehicles (HPVs). A review of the project evolution, boundary constraints and management choices could provide inspiration and suggestions to faculty staff that would like to set-up similar experiences for engineering students in their universities.

Design/methodology/approach
A student team was funded by the authors in 2008 to gather engineering students interested in design and construction of HPVs. In the past decade, the team has grown from 10 up to 60 students enrolled per year and stimulated to develop a range of HPV designs for sports and mobility. The project management evolved as a consequence to com ply with the growing ambitions of the group and complexity of the goals.

Findings
A thorough analysis of factors contributing to the success of the project led to identification of the key factors to increase student participation: persistence of the faculty staff is essential, attending competitions and challenges increases students’ recruitment and formal recognition of the activity through credits and the implementation of intermediate assessment steps increase the active participation rate. Bigger teams reduce the negative impact of recruits eventually abandoning the project in an early stage. Ambitious goals keep students motivated for longer periods and enable a virtuous circle by transferring enthusiasm and knowledge to new members.

Research limitations/implications
The activity is analyzed starting from a subjective experience perspective and some of the findings/conclusions may be not applicable in a different context. However, such review can suggest strategies on the long-term period to create similar conditions elsewhere.

Social implications
In the last part of the paper, it is pointed out how PBL projects can provide a fertile ground for innovation and lead to patents and development of new products aiming at the market.

Originality/value
This study contributes to provide an insight view of how a student team PBL activity can grow over a decade if guided by faculty staff.
Trade credit and the speed of leverage adjustment
Authors: Abuhommous Ala’a Adden 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of trade credit on the speed of adjustment (SOA) of short-term leverage. Bankruptcy cost is higher for over-levered firms, generating a good incentive to use trade credit as a lower cost substitute; hence, firms adjust capital more quickly.

Design/methodology/approach
Firm-level data are used from five countries, in two different economic orientations, during the period 2000–2017: bank-oriented economies include France, Germany and Japan, and market-oriented economies include the UK and the USA. First, using the two-step GMM the study estimates the target short-term leverage ratio. Then, it examines the impact of trade credit on the SOA of the actual leverage towards the target leverage ratio.

Findings
It finds a positive impact of a low amount of trade credit (high capacity) on the SOA for over-levered firms. This is in line with the substitution effect, where the bankruptcy cost is higher for over-levered firms, which leads them to substitute bank loans with trade credit.

Research limitations/implications
The study uses data from publicly traded firms; data from non-listed and small firms may be considered as a good opportunity for future research.

Practical implications
The policy implication that can be derived from the empirical results is that firms’ management should recognise the relationship between trade credit and deviation from target short-term leverage. During periods of high short-term leverage firms should use trade credit as a source of finance when adjusting the short-term leverage towards the target ratio.

Originality/value
This study is the first to examine the influence of trade credit on the SOA.
Exploring the antecedents of mobile payment service usage
Authors: Lin Kuan-Yu , Wang Yi-Ting , Huang Travis K. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The number of smartphone users has increased with the maturity of mobile networks, which has not only led to a new lifestyle but has also facilitated the development of mobile application services. Smartphones are regarded as essential communication devices. Currently, diverse groups of people are considering using mobile payment services. Thus, the motives for using mobile payment as well as individual motives for continuing usage are of great research interest. The purpose of this paper is to examine the behavioral motivations underlying individual intentions to continue using mobile payment.

Design/methodology/approach
To explore the factors affecting the intention to use mobile payment services, this study constructed a theoretical framework based on cost-benefit theory that also considers social influences to form an integrated research model that explains the intentions of individuals to use mobile payment services. Online questionnaires were used to evaluate individuals with experience using mobile payment services. A total of 302 questionnaires were collected. Structural equation modeling was employed to assess the relationships among factors included in the research model.

Findings
Perceived value, social norms and social self-image played crucial roles in the intention to use mobile payment services. Furthermore, perceived benefits (relative advantage and service compatibility) and perceived costs (security risks and perceived fees) determined users’ perceived value. Social self-image positively affected users’ perceived value; in the context of a mobile-oriented information system, the ability of a mobile payment service to satisfy a user’s demands with respect to social self-image influenced the user’s perceived value of using such services.

Originality/value
This study contributes to a theoretical understanding of factors that explain users’ intention to use mobile payment services.
“Bring in your parents day”: building inclusion and engagement through a cross-generational family-friendly workplace initiative
Authors: Beauregard T. Alexandra , King Karin A. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Employer-sponsored family-friendly events are designed to boost engagement and encourage retention by building family members’ identification with the organization. These events are usually targeted at employees with dependent children, but LinkedIn’s more inclusive “Bring in Your Parents” (BIYP) initiative aims to introduce employees’ parents to the daily work of their adult children. This study evaluates the impact of BIYP on the attitudes and behavioral intentions of participating employees and their parents.

Design/methodology/approach
Repeated-measures surveys were conducted among participating employees and parents in six organizations in six countries (UK, Ireland, France, Brazil, Mexico and Colombia). These were followed by in-person interviews with participating employees (UK) and phone interviews with HR managers (Brazil, Canada, France, Spain, UK and USA).

Findings
Participation in BIYP increases employee engagement and parents’ instrumental and affective support for their children and for their children’s employers. Hosting BIYP is perceived to enhance corporate reputation among both internal and external stakeholders.

Practical implications
BIYP serves the dual function of building employee engagement and creating new parental brand ambassadors for participating organizations. BIYP can be an effective tool for employers to engage members of staff not traditionally included in organizational family-friendly events and may be particularly useful for firms with a high proportion of younger workers in tech-savvy jobs.

Originality/value
This evaluation of a new workplace initiative demonstrates measurable effects on important employee attitudes and behavioral intentions.
Demarcation and Definition: Explicating the Meaning and Scope of ‘Decolonisation’ in the Social and Political Sciences
Authors: Saini Rima , Begum Neema 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDecolonisation of the curriculum is a burgeoning yet controversial project of radical change, gaining slow but steady traction in higher education politics departments across the country. At its heart is the acknowledgement and systematic unravelling of colonial and imperial practices in the UK university system. This article pins down what decolonisation is and is not, highlighting the barriers and tentative opportunities to effective decolonisation work. This is discussed in the context of the structural constraints that critical scholars of race—particularly those at the intersection of marginalised racial and gender identities—work against in the academy.
Assessment of nursing home reporting of major injury falls for quality measurement on nursing home compare
Authors: Sanghavi Prachi , Pan Shengyuan , Caudry Daryl 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of nursing home self‐report of major injury falls on the Minimum Data Set (MDS).Data SourcesMDS assessments and Medicare claims, 2011‐2015.Study Design/MethodsWe linked inpatient claims for major injury falls with MDS assessments. The proportion of claims‐identified falls reported for each fall‐related MDS item was calculated. Using multilevel modeling, we assessed patient and nursing home characteristics that may be predictive of poor reporting. We created a claims‐based major injury fall rate for each nursing home and estimated its correlation with Nursing Home Compare (NHC) measures.Principal FindingsWe identified 150,828 major injury falls in claims that occurred during nursing home residency. For the MDS item used by NHC, only 57.5 percent were reported. Reporting was higher for long‐stay (62.9 percent) than short‐stay (47.2 percent), and for white (59.0 percent) than nonwhite residents (46.4 percent). Adjusting for facility‐level race differences, reporting was lower for nonwhite people than white people; holding constant patient race, having larger proportions of nonwhite people in a nursing home was associated with lower reporting. The correlation between fall rates based on claims vs the MDS was 0.22.ConclusionsThe nursing home‐reported data used for the NHC falls measure may be highly inaccurate.
Evaluating the role of Section 1115 waivers on Medicaid coverage and utilization of opioid agonist therapy among substance use treatment admissions
Authors: Tormohlen Kayla N. , Krawczyk Noa , Feder Kenneth A. , Riehm Kira E. , Crum Rosa M. , Mojtabai Ramin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the impact of Section 1115 waivers on Medicaid coverage and opioid agonist therapy (OAT) utilization among substance use treatment admissions.Data SourceTreatment Episode Data Set‐Admissions (TEDS‐A) (2001‐2012).Study DesignWe examined effects of 1115 waiver implementation on proportions of substance use treatment admissions with Medicaid and receiving OAT, using random intercept linear regression.Principal Findings1115 waiver implementation was associated with an average of a 6 percentage point increase in proportion of all admissions with Medicaid, and 4 percentage point increase among opioid outpatient admissions. Implementation was not associated with change in proportion of opioid outpatient admissions receiving OAT.Conclusions1115 waivers influence Medicaid coverage among substance use treatment admissions. The findings improve our understanding of how state policies impact substance use treatment utilization.
The sweet side of misbalanced nutrients in cadmium‐stressed plants
Authors: Carvalho Marcia E. A. , Castro Paulo R. C. , Kozak Marcin , Azevedo Ricardo A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSome plants are able to maintain or improve their performance under cadmium (Cd) exposure, despite high Cd concentrations in roots and shoots, indicating that they have protective strategies to neutralise the side effects from Cd accumulation. The regulation of antioxidant machinery and the mitigation of Cd uptake and translocation have been the focus of several studies, but evidence shows that the modulation of nutritional status is also involved in tolerance mechanisms. Although alterations in the nutrient concentrations are usually coupled to negative outcomes on the development of plants under Cd exposure, current works have shown their “sweet” sides. Here, we provide evidence that the degree of plant tolerance to short Cd exposure is, at least partially, associated with differential changes in magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) and boron (B) status, all of which modulate physiological and developmental events, such as root architecture (Mg and/or B status), ionomic balance (Mn and/or B status), biomass production (Mg and/or Mn status) and biomass allocation (Mg/K ratio). Modulation of root architecture can be a strategy to obtain water and nutrients in metal‐free patches in a growing medium. Changes in the uptake and/or distribution of nutrients may adjust the ionomic profile to equilibrate charge and pH homeostasis after Cd entrance into the plant. Alterations in the Mn and Mg status may alter the balance between photorespiratory and photosynthetic metabolisms. Finally, reprogramming biomass allocation among organs can be a strategy to remodelling plant body in order to better cope with environmental challenges. The identification and understanding of plant tolerance mechanisms against heavy metal toxicity is necessary to support strategies to mitigate their impacts on crop productivity and quality, supporting food security in increasing environmental contamination in the Anthropocene.