bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Application Programming Interfaces to Access Google Data for Health Research: Protocol for a Methodological Framework
Authors: Zepecki Anne , Guendelman Sylvia , DeNero John , Prata Ndola 
Published: March 2020

Background
Individuals are increasingly turning to search engines like Google to obtain health information and access resources. Analysis of Google search queries offers a novel approach, which is part of the methodological toolkit for infodemiology or infoveillance researchers, to understanding population health concerns and needs in real time or near-real time. While searches predominantly have been examined with the Google Trends website tool, newer application programming interfaces (APIs) are now available to academics to draw a richer landscape of searches. These APIs allow users to write code in languages like Python to retrieve sample data directly from Google servers.

Objective
The purpose of this paper is to describe a novel protocol to determine the top queries, volume of queries, and the top sites reached by a population searching on the web for a specific health term. The protocol retrieves Google search data obtained from three Google APIs: Google Trends, Google Health Trends (also referred to as Flu Trends), and Google Custom Search.

Methods
Our protocol consisted of four steps: (1) developing a master list of top search queries for an initial search term using Google Trends, (2) gathering information on relative search volume using Google Health Trends, (3) determining the most popular sites using Google Custom Search, and (4) calculating estimated total search volume. We tested the protocol following key procedures at each step and verified its usefulness by examining search traffic on birth control in 2017 in the United States. Two separate programmers working independently achieved similar results with insignificant variation due to sample variability.

Results
We successfully tested the methodology on the initial search term birth control. We identified top search queries for birth control, of which birth control pill was the most popular and obtained the relative and estimated total search volume for the top queries: relative search volume was 0.54 for the pill, corresponding to an estimated 9.3-10.7 million searches. We used the estimates of the proportion of search activity for the top queries to arrive at a generated list of the most popular websites: for the pill, the Planned Parenthood website was the top site.

Conclusions
The proposed methodological framework demonstrates how to retrieve Google query data from multiple Google APIs and provides thorough documentation required to systematically identify search queries and websites, as well as estimate relative and total search volume of queries in real time or near-real time in specific locations and time periods. Although the protocol needs further testing, it allows researchers to replicate the steps and shows promise in advancing our understanding of population-level health concerns.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR1-10.2196/16543
Karakterisasi Enzim Pemecah Pati dari Malt Serelia
Authors: Phieter Alvina Cornelia , Chrisnasari Ruth , Pantjajani Tjandra 
Published: March 2020

Abstract- Starch-degrading enzymes not only can be found in bacteria and fungi, but also in plants. Some plants that produce starch-degrading enzymes are germinated grain of sorghum, maize, and mung bean. pH and temperature are factors that can affect the activity of enzyme. Effect of pH and temperature to starch-degrading enzyme activity of these 3 cereal grains are reported in this research. Grain of sorghum, maize, and mung bean were germinated for 2 days and dried to produce malt. Enzymes from these 3 different malts were extracted using 7 buffers with different pH (4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7) . Buffer that produced highest enzyme activity based on degradation of starch as a substrate (iodine-starch method) and based on formation of reducing sugars as products (DNS method) would be used for determining the effect of temperatures (20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C). Effect of pH and temperatures to enzyme activity from 3 different malts tend to be fluctuating. Sorghum malt had the highest enzyme activity per gram malt based on degradation of starch activity test. Estimated enzyme activity of sorghum malt was 103,82 mg.g- 1.min-1. Maize malt had the highest enzyme activity based on formation of reducing sugars activity test. Estimated enzyme activity of maize malt was 13.08 mg.g-1.min-1.
Keywords: amylase enzyme, sorghum malt, maize malt, mung bean malt, pH temperature
Abstrak- Enzim pemecah pati dapat diperoleh dari tanaman selain dari bakteri dan fungi. Beberapa jenis tanaman yang memiliki enzim pemecah pati adalah biji sorgum, jagung, dan kacang hijau yang berkecambah. pH dan suhu merupakan beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi aktivitas dari enzim. Pengaruh pH dan suhu terhadap aktivitas enzim amilase dari ketiga jenis biji ini akan diamati dalam penelitian ini. Biji sorgum, jagung, dan kacang hijau dikecambahkan selama 2 hari dan dikeringkan untuk menghasilkan malt. Enzim dari ketiga jenis malt ini akan diekstrak menggunakan 7 buffer pH berbeda yaitu buffer pH 4,5; 5; 5,5; 6; 6,5 dan 7. Buffer yang menghasilkan nilai aktivitas enzim tertinggi berdasarkan degradasi substrat pati (metode pati-iodin) dan berdasarkan pembentukan produk gula reduksi (metode DNS) akan digunakan lebih lanjut untuk melihat pengaruh suhu yaitu suhu 20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C, dan 50 °C. Pengaruh pH dan suhu terhadap aktivitas enzim ketiga jenis malt cenderung fluktuatif. Malt sorgum memiliki nilai aktivitas enzim per gram malt tertinggi berdasarkan uji aktivitas degradasi substrat pati (metode pati-iodin) yaitu 103,82 mg.g-1.min-1 dan malt jagung memiliki nilai aktivitas enzim per gram malt tertinggi berdasarkan uji aktivitas pembentukan gula reduksi (metode DNS) yaitu 13,08 mg.g-1.min-1.
Kata kunci: amylase enzyme, sorghum malt, maize malt, mung bean malt, pH temperature
The clinical study of en bloc transurethral resection with 980 nm laser for treatment of primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Tao Wei , Sun Chuanyang , Yao Qiu , Fu Kai , Shan Yuxi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Xue Boxin , Yang Dongrong 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE: To elevate safety and efficacy of en bloc transurethral resection with 980 nm laser as treatment for primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). METHODS: Total 84 cases were enrolled in this study. Among them, 36 and 48 cases underwent treatment using the 980 nm laser and the traditional TUR-BT procedure, respectively. The peri-operative characteristics (tumor size, tumor multiplicity, tumor grade, etc.) and intra-operative complications (obturator nerve reflex, bladder perforation, bladder irrigation, etc.) were recorded and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There are no significant difference in baseline characteristics between laser and TUR-Bt treatment groups. Operation time also has no significant difference in two groups. Obturator nerve reflex and bladder perforation were noted in 6 patients and in 3 patients during TUR-Bt group, respectively. No obturator nerve reflex and bladder perforation were observed in the laser group. The patients who need bladder irrigation was lower in laser group than in TUR-Bt group. There were no significant differences in catheterization time and hospitalization time between two groups. No significant difference in the overall recurrence rate were observed among the two groups during the follow-up periods. CONCLUSION: En bloc transurethral resection using 980 nm laser is an effective and safe treatment option for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Compared to the traditional TUR-Bt procedure, the procedure using 980 nm laser has fewer perioperative complications and similar oncological results.
Pesticide Residues In Pond Water Samples From Coastal Area Of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin M Amin , Chowdhury MAZ , Rahman MA , Rashid MH , Alam MK 
Published: March 2020

Water samples collected from twenty five ponds of coastal area were analyzed by HPLC for the presence of organophosphorus, pyrethroid and carbamate pesticide residues. The results reflected slight contamination of some of the water samples with residues of diazinon, chlorpyriphos (organophosphorus insecticide), carbaryl and carbofuran (carbamate insecticide). The concentration of diazinon and chlorpyriphos ranged from 2.31 jig/L to 5.60 pg/L and 0.0 to 3.80 pg/L respectively. Among carbamate pesticides, carbofuran identified in two samples, ranging from 1.40 to 3.71pg/L, carbaryl was detected in two of the samples which ranged from 1.32 to 6.40pg/L, and pyrethroid (cypermethrin) was not detected in any of the samples. However, the residue level was also within the acceptable ranges according to the WHO guideline value (1993) of water quality. But, its presence in surface water as WHO-recommended limits is a matter of concern. In Bangladesh consumption ofpes::c.Jcs has been increased with the introduction of high yielding varieties of rice in recent years But. the widei> cultivated high yielding variety is highly vulnerable to pests and diseases, and 40; : of the crop loss can be attributed to attack by pests and insects in Bangladesh which is a significant loss (Bagchi, et al. 2008). So, the use of pesticide is now an integral part of agriculture for pest control. More than 100 species of insects, 600 weed species. 1500 plant diseases and 1500 species of nematodes are being controlled by pesticide (Brady 1990). As a result, the production of improved variety of rice has significantly increased in recent years. Although pesticide is beneficial for pest control, it also poses a harmful effect to our environment such as the pollution of surface and ground water. After application of pesticide in the crop field it is degraded in the soil by the soil microorganism to some extent but many of the toxic pesticides are transported into surface and ground water by agricultural run off rain water from the crop field. Ultimately, the surface and ground water may be highly contaminated due to this agricultural run off pesticide (Bagchi, et al. 2008).
Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(2): 319-323, December 2014
Knowledge and Practices of Doctors About Patient Safety Working at Primary and Secondary Level Health Care Facilities in Bangladesh
Authors: Talukdera MHK , Nazneen Rumana , SA S ABDULLA 
Published: March 2020

Aim: This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted with an objective to evaluate the views of doctors regarding knowledge and practices about patient safety working at primary and secondary level health care facilities in Bangladesh.
Methods: Study period was from August 2016 to December 2016. Multistage, convenience sampling was done . Sample size was 550. Self administered semi structured questionnaire was used for data collection after pre testing. Data was collected by principle investigator , co-investigator & data collectors. Data was also collected by sending questionnaire by postage followed by a focal group discussion.
Results: Result showed 70 % were male and 57% were primary level medical officers. 44.9% understands patients safety. 51.1% understands medical errors . 37.5% agreed that less duty hours will reduce medical errors . 62% strongly agreed that Learning about patient safety will enhance competency. 44.5% agreed that undergraduate course prepared them to ensure patient safety. 37.5 % agreed that they learned about medical errors during their undergraduate course. 40.6% stated that they were assigned to perform the tasks for which they were not trained competently, 34% said that they were assigned to perform the tasks which could have resulted easily in medical errors . Most of the respondents strongly agreed that teaching about patient safety should be an important priority. 46% stated that these should be in clinical teaching and 40% stated the same to be in bed side teaching . 24% stated that there were not enough topics in the existing curriculum regarding patient safety. 46% confessed that they made medical errors during their practices. 33% stated that they want patient safety education in their professional practice, 76.9% strongly agreed that patient safety is an important issue in their professional practices and 44% sensitizes their colleagues about patient safety to learn & practices. 54.7% stated that they did not have error reporting system/ death review/ medical audit in their hospital, 89.7% did not have attended any training on patient safety . 90% thought that training on patient safety is essential for doctors 67.2% respondents opined that there should be a competent organization / body who can take care of patient safety & medical errors in Bangladesh.
Conclusion: The study reflects that many primary level medical officers do not understand patients safety and medical errors. The study also showed that most of them has a positive attitude torwards patient safety. Study recommended that doctors serving at primary and secondary level healthcare facilities to be oriented/ trained on different aspects of patient safety
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(1): 5-11
The Small-Scale Dairy Value Chain Analysis: Challenges And Opportunities For Dairy Development In Mymensingh District Of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman H , Happy FA , Efan AH , Hera MHR 
Published: March 2020

This study examined the prevailing dairy value chain based on primary data collected from 70 small-scale milk producers of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. The total cost and net return per month per cow were Tk. 4024.30 and Tk. 3165.70, respectively. The net value additions of Tk. 2091.42, Tk. 495.00, Tk. 655.00, Tk. 503.25, Tk. 309.70 were estimated for milk producers, collectors, Faria, Bepari and retailers respectively. Different actors spent highest marketing cost ranged from Tk.49 to Tk.80 for transportation compared to other marketing functions. Actors mostly dependent on the on-going market prices for setting price of milk in the value chain. A value chain map was developed showing the relationships and linkages among value chain actors of small-scale dairy. The study identified some critical factors for successful dairy marketing. The factors were understanding consumer behaviour, technology and transportation, improved business relationships, reduced transaction costs, and improved information flow, and organized market structure. Milk producer’s share in consumers’ price was highest for channel- I followed by channel- V. Expensive, inadequate, low quality feed, lack of grazing land, green grass, inadequate capital, knowledge about cost of production, weak extension services, high fees and unavailability of veterinary doctors, were some of the major problems of milk producers. Supply of adequate feed at subsidized price, ensuring easy access to institutional credit at a lower interest rate, adequate medicine and veterinary services, allocation of khas land for producing fodder/grass, were suggested to solve the problems.
SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 213-226 (2019)
Perancangan Aplikasi Media Interaktif berbasis Mobile sebagai Pengenalan Artefak Museum
Authors: Putera I Kadek Aridena , Ardyanti Anak Agung Ayu Putri , Fredlina Ketut Queena , Sujarwo Wawan , Satwika I Putu , Pharmawati Made 
Published: March 2020

AbstrakMuseum merupakan tempat untuk melihat informasi, koleksi benda, dan peristiwa-peristiwa dari masa lalu. Museum Panca Yadnya menjadi salah satu museum yang menyimpan artefak kebudayaan di Bali. Saat ini museum tidak dibuka untuk umum karena masih minimnya petugas yang berjaga. Sehingga perlu adanya akses informasi bagi masyarakat umum agar mengetahui koleksi artefak yang ada di museum mengingat pentingnya nilai artefak yang dimiliki museum Panca Yadnya. Melalui pemanfaatan teknologi dengan perancangan aplikasi media interaktif, informasi tentang museum dan koleksinya tetap dapat diakses oleh masyarakat dengan lebih mudah dan lebih menyenangkan. Pembuatan aplikasi dilakukan menggunakan Construct 2 dan dirancang menggunakan metode pengembangan multimedia Luther-Sutopo dengan tambahan tahap maintenance. Aplikasi dibuat dalam bentuk media interaktif yang berguna untuk menampilkan dan memberikan penjelasan tentang informasi dari koleksi yang terdapat pada museum dengan lisan maupun tulisan melalui smartphone. Sampai dengan tahap akhir, aplikasi dapat berjalan dengan baik dan mampu memberikan informasi sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Kata Kunci: aplikasi, artefak, media interaktif, museum AbstractA museum is a place to see a piece of information, a collection of valuable objects, and past events. The Panca Yadnya Museum is one of the museums that store cultural artifacts in Bali. At the moment, the museum is not open to the public due to the lack of officers on duty, so it needs information access to the public so that the public could recognize the artifact collection on the museum, considering the important value of the artifact owned by the Panca Yadnya museum. By utilization technology with design application interactive media, information about the museum and the collection could still be accessed by the public more easily and more enjoyable. The build of an application is done by using Construct 2 and designed using the multimedia Luther-Sutopo method with the additional maintenance step. Application is made in the form of interactive media that is useful for displaying and providing explanations about information from collections that were contained in the museum using verbal nor writing via smartphone. Until the final step, the application can run well and be able to provide information as expected. Keywords: application, artifact, interactive media, museum
Dekonstruksi Representasi Perempuan pada Poster Film Pahlawan Super Produksi Hollywood
Authors: Sutanto Shienny Megawati 
Published: March 2020

AbstrakDekonstruksi representasi perempuan dalam film, sebagai bentuk ekspresi sosial budaya, merupakan sebuah upaya untuk membongkar tradisi yang didominasi nilai-nilai patriaki baik yang digambarkan secara terang-terangan maupun tersamar. Tujuan dari upaya tersebut untuk memperlihatkan bagaimana hegemoni dari nilai patriarki yang selalu menempatkan perempuan pada posisi marginal, dieksploitasi, dan diobjekkan oleh laki-laki. Beberapa perilaku perempuan dalam film direpresentasikan untuk dikonstruksikan secara normatif oleh masyarakat daripada perilaku lainnya. Representasi perempuan dalam film bergenre superhero baru mengalami perbaikan sejak akhir dekade lalu. Superhero perempuan mulai ditampilkan karakternya dan direpresentasikan sebagai individu yang mandiri berkepribadian kuat, mereka memiliki impian, cita-cita dan keinginan sendiri yang tidak berhubungan dengan menjadi objek afeksi karakter laki-laki. Cerita dan penokohan dalam film terefleksikan jelas pada visualisasi karakter dan materi promosi film berupa poster. Kata Kunci: dekonstruksi patriarki, gender, semiotik, film Hollywood, poster AbstractThe deconstruction of the representation of women in film, as a form of socio-cultural expression, is an attempt to dismantle traditions that are dominated by patriarchal values either explicitly or disguised. The purpose of these efforts is to show the hegemony of patriarchal value that always puts women in a marginal position, exploited and objectified by men. Some women's behaviors in the film represented to construed normatively by society instead of other attitudes. Representation of woman characters in the superhero film genre started to improve since the last decade. Female superheroes begin showing character and represented as independent individuals strong personalities, have dreams, have goals, have desires of their own that are unrelated to become the object of affection of a male character. Stories and characterizations in films are cleary reflected in the visualization of the characters and promotional material in the form of posters. Keywords: gender, Hollywood movie, patriarchy deconstruction, poster, semiotic
Endogeneity of the elasticities and the real exchange rate in a balance of payments constrained growth model: cross-country empirical evidence
Authors: Campos Renato S. , Gonzaga Jayme Jr. Frederico , Britto Gustavo 
Published: March 2020

Balance of payments constrained growth models are notable for their longevity. This is especially true for the case of Thirlwall’s Law, which defines that a country’s sustainable growth rate is given by the ratio between the income elasticity of exports and that of imports. In light of this, the current paper explores the hypothesis that the income elasticities of this type of models are endogenous. The debate on the latter is resurgent in the literature. The results provide evidence that the ratio is, indeed, exogenous, and that the level of the real exchange rate influences economic growth as it determines such ratio. In other words, the real exchange rate is important for improving non-price competitiveness without, however, making the ratio between elasticities endogenous.
Fabrication of silicon on insulator wafer with silicon carbide insulator layer by surface-activated bonding at room temperature
Authors: Koga Yoshihiro , Kurita Kazunari 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We propose a process for the fabrication of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer with a silicon carbide (SiC) insulator layer by combining plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and surface-activated bonding without thermal stress to obtain sufficient thermal conductivity for self-heating power and high-frequency device applications. The thermal conductivity of the deposited SiC layer is twice that of a silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer, and the breakdown electric field of this layer is 10–11 MV cm−1, the same as that of a SiO2 layer. In addition, the bonding interface between the silicon layer and the deposited SiC insulator layer has no voids or punch-out dislocations. Therefore, the SOI wafer with a SiC layer has high thermal conductivity and breakdown electric field; this SOI wafer and its fabrication process will be important for the realization of next-generation self-heating devices such as power and high-frequency devices.
PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS PERHUBUNGAN KABUPATEN BONE BOLANGO
Authors: Hadju Lukman , Adam Novita 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRAK
Budaya organisasi diyakini merupakan faktor penentu utama terhadap kesuksesan kinerja organisasi. Keberhasilan suatu organisasi untuk mengimplementasikan aspek-aspek atau nilai-nilai (values) budaya organisasinya dapat mendorong organisasi tersebut tumbuh dan berkembang secara berkelanjutan. Fenomena ini dilihat dari proses kerja dan kondisi pekerjaannya, waktu yang digunakan kurang bersesuaian yang mengakibatkan kesalahan. Dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan, jumlah dan jenis pemberian layanan dalam bekerja tidak sesuai, sehingga praktek semacam ini sudah saatnya berubah, terlebih lagi ketika undang-undang otonomi daerah telah menawarkan paradigma baru mengenai fungsi yang harus dijalankan oleh pemerintah daerah. Dengan perkataan lain, untuk menjalankan otonomi daerah diperlukan manajemen baru yang sesuai dengan dinamika persoalan yang dihadapi. Manajemen sumber daya manusia menjadi faktor yang sangat penting bagi keberhasilan implementasi otonomi daerah di Indonesia.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dan hasil penelitian didapatkan bentuk persamaan fungsional dalam secara simultan sebagai berikut: Persamaan jalur: Y = 0.340X1 + 0.198X2 + 0.342+ 0.847ε. Artinya budaya organisasi memang berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Bone Bolango.
Kata Kunci: Budaya Organisasi; Kinerja