bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel UPLC-PDA Stability Indicating Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation of Lamivudine and Dolutegravir in Bulk and Its Tablets
Authors: Venkatesh Poojari , Kulandaivelu Umasankar , Rao Gsn Koteswara , Chakravarthi Guntupalli , Alavala Rajasekhar Reddy , Rajesh Bandlamuri 
Published: December 2020

Aim: To develop a stability indicating Rp-UPLC method for the simultaneous determination of Lamivudine, Dolutegravir and their degradants in tablets.
Methodology: The chromatographic separation was performed on BEH Shield RP18 (2.1 mmX100 mmX1.7 mm) using a isocratic mobile phase Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate pH 3 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid: methanol (30:70,% v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5ml/min. Column was maintained at room temperature and eluents are monitored at 258 nm.
Results: Retention times of the analytes were found to be at 0.81 and 2.78 mins for Lamivudine and Dolutegravir respectively. The calibration of peak area versus concentration, which was linear from 105 to 315 µg/ml for Lamivudine and 17.5 to 52.5 µg/ml for Dolutegravir, had regression coefficient (r2) greater than 0.999. The method had the requisite accuracy, precision and robustness for simultaneous determination of Lamivudine and Dolutegravir in tablets.
Conclusion: The proposed method is simple, economical, accurate, precise and can be successfully employed in routine quality control for the simultaneous analysis of Lamivudine and Dolutegravir in pharmaceutical formulations.
Hepatoprotective and Reno-protective Effects of Artichoke Leaf Extract and Rosemary Extract against Paracetamol Induced Toxicity in Albino Rats
Authors: Fadlalla Eman Aly Sadeek , Galal Sahar Mousa 
Published: December 2020

Background: Paracetamol overdose is a predominant cause of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in both humans and experimental animals. There is an emerging focus on plant products to find a highly effective and reliable drug for the prevention of paracetamol –induced toxicity.
Objective: In this study, we investigated the Hepatoprotective and Reno-protective Effects of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Leaf extract and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract against paracetamol Induced toxicity in Albino Rats.
Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into five groups: Negative control, paracetamol (1000 mg/kg dose) PCT, artichoke leaf extract “ALE” (1.5  g/kg, orally + paracetamol for 30 d), rosemary extract “RE” (125  mg/kg + paracetamol for 30 days) and the last group was treated with PCT+ ALE+ RE for 30 days.
Results: Paracetamol caused marked liver damage as noted by significant increased activities of serum aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and lactate dehydrogenase. Paracetamol also raised serum levels of urea, creatinine, and Cystatin-C. In addition, there was a significant decrease in serum total protein and albumin. Paracetamol caused an elevation in lipid peroxidation paralleled with significant decline in reduced glutathione (GSH) level and activities of glutathione-S- transferase (GST), glutathione (GPX) peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver and kidney. These results are confirmed in the histological examination of the liver and kidney.
Conclusion: Treatment with artichoke leaf extract (ALE) and rosemary extract (RE) produced a potential protection of the liver and kidney against biochemical and histological alterations and oxidative stress induced by paracetamol.
Perception, Attitude and Recommendations for Healthcare Professionals towards COVID-19 Infection: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Survey Based Study from India
Authors: Aqeel Ubada , Ali Mohammad Daud , Iqbal Zeenat , Mirza Mohd. Aamir , Aslam Mohammed 
Published: December 2020

We have carried out a survey among Healthcare professionals in the perceptions and attitude towards COVID-19 and also attempted to reach a few conclusions in the form of recommendations. A questionnaire based online survey was conducted between 1st April 2020 and 30th May 2020. 97.20% (p<0.05) participants suggested that protective mask for the patients or attendants should be made compulsory while coming to the Hospitals. 79.33% (p<0.05) think that post COVID-19 the area outside the doctor’s chamber should not be crowded and some measures should be taken in order to reduce the number. In the same line, 83.58% (p<0.05) participants favour, limiting the number of attendants with the patients and making a prior appointment compulsory, 51.97% (p<0.05) wish to switch to virtual counselling. Considering the variation in strains of the virus, different geographical conditions, demography, economic status and healthcare facilities, a uniform policy shouldn’t be implemented all across the globe or even for a country.
Thin‐Layer Chromatography for the Detection and Analysis of Bioactive Natural Products
Authors: Urbain Aurélie , Simões‐Pires Claudia Avello 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) is a simple and cost‐effective technique, extensively used in natural products analysis. It is suitable for chemical and biological screening of herbal products and useful in monitoring bioguided isolation of active components. When coupled with appropriate detection methods, this versatile technique can provide qualitative or semi‐quantitative information on the chemical constituents of a complex mixture. For this purpose, the main advances in TLC include the development of highly efficient and reproducible methods, as in the case of high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC), and the development of several hyphenated techniques, including mass spectrometry (MS), Raman spectroscopy, and densitometry. Besides, several bioassays have been developed in combination with TLC separation for the on‐plate investigation of biological activity of natural products, a procedure known as bioautography. The major advantage of this technique is the ability to locate active substances from a complex mixture before compound purification. Overall, the recent advances in TLC analysis are a major contribution in avoiding time‐consuming and tedious isolation of already‐known or inactive phytochemicals. In this chapter, a comprehensive overview of TLC with chemical and biological detection is presented, with a focus on up‐to‐date bioautographic assays, their mechanisms, pitfalls, and recent advances in the field of natural products.
Missense PDSS1 mutations in CoenzymeQ10 synthesis cause optic atrophy and sensorineural deafness
Authors: Nardecchia Francesca , De Giorgi Agnese , Palombo Flavia , Fiorini Claudio , De Negri Anna M. , Carelli Valerio , Caporali Leonardo , Leuzzi Vincenzo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCoenzymeQ10 is one of the main cellular antioxidants and an essential lipid involved in numerous cell reactions, such as energy production and apoptosis modulation. A large number of enzymes are involved in CoQ10 biosynthesis. Mutations in the genes encoding for these enzymes cause a CoQ10 deficiency, characterized by neurological and systemic symptoms. Here we describe two young sisters with sensorineural deafness followed by optic atrophy, due to a novel homozygous pathogenic variant in PDSS1. The visual system seems to be mainly involved when the first steps of CoQ10 synthesis are impaired (PDSS1, PDSS2, and COQ2 deficiency).
Viltolarsen in Japanese Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients: A phase 1/2 study
Authors: Komaki Hirofumi , Takeshima Yasuhiro , Matsumura Tsuyoshi , Ozasa Shiro , Funato Michinori , Takeshita Eri , Iwata Yasuyuki , Yajima Hiroyuki , Egawa Yoichi , Toramoto Takuya , Tajima Masaya , Takeda Shinichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe novel morpholino antisense oligonucleotide viltolarsen targets exon 53 of the dystrophin gene, and could be an effective treatment for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). We investigated viltolarsen’s ability to induce dystrophin expression and examined its safety in DMD patients.MethodsIn this open‐label, multicenter, parallel‐group, phase 1/2, exploratory study, 16 ambulant and nonambulant males aged 5–12 years with DMD received viltolarsen 40 or 80 mg/kg/week via intravenous infusion for 24 weeks. Primary endpoints were dystrophin expression and exon 53 skipping levels.ResultsIn western blot analysis, mean changes in dystrophin expression (% normal) from baseline to Weeks 12 and 24 were − 1.21 (P = 0.5136) and 1.46 (P = 0.1636), respectively, in the 40 mg/kg group, and 0.76 (P = 0.2367) and 4.81 (P = 0.0536), respectively, in the 80 mg/kg group. The increase in mean dystrophin level at Weeks 12 and 24 was significant in the 80 mg/kg group (2.78%; P = 0.0364). Patients receiving 80 mg/kg showed a higher mean exon 53 skipping level (42.4%) than those receiving 40 mg/kg (21.8%). All adverse events were judged to be mild or moderate in intensity and none led to study discontinuation.InterpretationTreatment with viltolarsen 40 or 80 mg/kg elicited an increasing trend in dystrophin expression and exon 53 skipping levels, and was safe and well tolerated. The decline in motor function appeared less marked in patients with higher dystrophin levels; this may warrant further investigation. This study supports the potential clinical benefit of viltolarsen.
Continuous and interval training attenuate encephalomyelitis by separate immunomodulatory mechanisms
Authors: Goldberg Yehuda , Fainstein Nina , Zaychik Yifat , Hamdi Liel , Segal Shir , Nabat Hanan , Touloumi Olga , Zoidou Sofia , Grigoriadis Nikolaos , Hoffman Jay R. , Katz Abram , Ben‐Hur Tamir , Einstein Ofira 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies have reported beneficial effects of exercise training on autoimmunity, and specifically on multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, it is unknown whether different training paradigms affect disease course via shared or separate mechanisms.ObjectiveTo compare the effects and mechanism of immune modulation of high intensity continuous training (HICT) versus high intensity interval training (HIIT) on systemic autoimmunity in EAE.MethodsWe used the proteolipid protein (PLP)‐induced transfer EAE model to examine training effects on the systemic autoimmune response. Healthy mice performed HICT or HIIT by running on a treadmill. Lymph‐node (LN)‐T cells from PLP‐immunized trained‐ versus sedentary donor mice were transferred to naïve recipients and EAE clinical and pathological severity were assessed. LN cells derived from donor trained and sedentary PLP‐immunized mice were analyzed in vitro for T‐cell activation and proliferation, immune cell profiling, and cytokine mRNA levels and cytokine secretion measurements.ResultsBoth HICT and HIIT attenuated the encephalitogenicity of PLP‐reactive T cells, as indicated by reduced EAE clinical severity and inflammation and tissue pathology in the central nervous system, following their transfer into recipient mice. HICT caused a marked inhibition of PLP‐induced T‐cell proliferation without affecting the T‐cell profile. In contrast, HIIT did not alter T‐cell proliferation, but rather inhibited polarization of T cells into T‐helper 1 and T‐helper 17 autoreactive populations.InterpretationHICT and HIIT attenuate systemic autoimmunity and T cell encephalitogenicity by distinct immunomodulatory mechanisms.
Low‐Cost Hypercrosslinked Polymers by Direct Knitting Strategy for Catalytic Applications
Authors: Gu Yanlong , Son Seung Uk , Li Tao , Tan Bien 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDirect knitting of nucleophilic arene monomers in the presence of electrophilic cross‐linker, like formaldehyde dimethyl acetal, is proven to be a cost‐effective and versatile method for the synthesis of porous organic polymers. The resulting hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) are featured by hierarchical porous structure, high surface area, and pore volume. Coordinating functional groups can be easily installed with this method into the rigid aryl network. Direct knitting to HCPs has therefore been widely used in preparing heterogeneous solid catalysts. Wise selection of monomers with rational design of 3D structure and the synergy between the HCP support and the catalytically active species often lead to high efficiency of tailor‐made catalysts without sophisticated operations. On account of all these excellent properties, enthusiasm of researchers to use HCPs in catalysis is increasing rapidly. This review documents the necessity, feasibility, and the great contributions of using HCPs as invaluable tools for catalysis research, and summarizes state of the art of this chemistry. Similar type catalysts obtained by one‐step Scholl reaction are also included in this review.
Additive Manufacturing of Stable Energy Storage Devices Using a Multinozzle Printing System
Authors: Meng Fanbo , Zhang Mingchang , Huang Jin , Lu Wen Feng , Xue Jun Min , Wang Hao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe development of the Internet of things has prompted an exponential increase in the demand for flexible, wearable devices, thereby posing new challenges to their integration and conformalization. Additive manufacturing facilitates the fabrication of complex parts via a single integrated process. Herein, the development of a multinozzle, multimaterial printing device is reported. This device accommodates the various characteristics of printing materials, ensures high‐capacity printing, and can accommodate a wide range of material viscosities from 0 to 1000 Cp. Complete capacitors, inclusive of the current collector, electrode, and electrolyte, can be printed without repeated clamping to complete the preheating, printing, and sintering processes. This method addresses the poor stability issue associated with printed electrode materials. Furthermore, after the intercalation of LiFePO4 with Na ions, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction results reveal that the Na ions permeate the interlayer structure of LiFePO4, enhancing the ion migration channels by increasing the ion transmission rate. A current rate of 2.5 mAh ensures >2000 charge/discharge cycles, while retaining a charge/discharge efficiency of 96% and a discharge capacity of 91.3 mAh g−1. This manufacturing process can provide conformal power modules for a diverse range of portable devices with various shapes, improving space utilization.
Design of Local Atomic Environments in Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts for Renewable Energy Conversions
Authors: Sun Tao , Mitchell Sharon , Li Jing , Lyu Pin , Wu Xinbang , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier , Lu Jiong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSingle‐atom electrocatalysts (SAECs) have recently attracted tremendous research interest due to their often remarkable catalytic responses, unmatched by conventional catalysts. The electrocatalytic performance of SAECs is closely related to the specific metal species and their local atomic environments, including their coordination number, the determined structure of the coordination sites, and the chemical identity of nearest and second nearest neighboring atoms. The wide range of distinct chemical bonding configurations of a single‐metal atom with its surrounding host atoms creates virtually limitless opportunities for the rational design and synthesis of SAECs with tunable local atomic environment for high‐performance electrocatalysis. In this review, the authors first identify fundamental hurdles in electrochemical conversions and highlight the relevance of SAECs. They then critically examine the role of the local atomic structures, encompassing the first and second coordination spheres of the isolated metal atoms, on the design of high‐performance SAECs. The relevance of single‐atom dopants for host activation is also discussed. Insights into the correlation between local structures of SAECs and their catalytic response are analyzed and discussed. Finally, the authors summarize major challenges to be addressed in the field of SAECs and provide some perspectives in the rational construction of superior SAECs for a wide range of electrochemical conversions.
Low‐Voltage Electrical Heater Based on One‐Step Fabrication of Conductive Cu Nanowire Networks for Application in Wearable Devices
Authors: Guo Zhiguang , Sun Chao , Zhao Jing , Cai Zaisheng , Ge Fengyan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWearable electrical heaters have increasingly attracted much attention owing to their efficient applications in personal thermal management and thermal therapy systems. Herein, a flexible, low driving voltage, heat‐resistant, and rapid‐response Cu nanowire networks (CNNs)/clean nylon woven fabric (CNWF) wearable electrical heater is presented based on the highly conductive CNNs and fabric substrate (Nylon 66). The highly conductive and uniform CNNs are prepared by simple one‐step liquid phase reduction method without any post‐treatment. Nylon 66 fabric greatly improves the application performance of electrical heaters owing to their flexibility, good thermal stability, and high mechanical strength. The CNNs/CNWF wearable electrical heater exhibits an exceedingly low sheet resistance of 0.16 Ω sq−1. Moreover, the temperature of the CNNs/CNWF electrical heater with five layers can quickly reach to 142.2 °C within 45 s under 1.8 V. The simulation of the finite elemental analysis (ANSYS 18.2) is used to simulate the process of electrical heating. Although, there is a deviation between the simulated data and the measured data, the deviation is less than 10%. This work lays the foundation for improving the performance and energy saving of personal thermal management textiles based on Joule heating.
Tunable Carbon–CsPbI3 Quantum Dots for White LEDs
Authors: Rad Rafat Rafiei , Gualdrón‐Reyes Andrés. F. , Masi Sofia , Ganji Bahram Azizollah , Taghavinia Nima , Gené‐Marimon Santi , Palomares Emilio , Mora‐Seró Iván 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this work, a simple method to prepare white light emissive diodes based on quantum dot (QD) colloidal solutions using mixed carbon QDs (CQDs) and CsPbI3 perovskite (PQDs) is reported. The right combination generates emission across the entire visible spectrum upon ultraviolet excitation. The white light emission of the final films provides high and stable color rendering index of 92%, tuning the chromaticity coordinates of the emission through the applied voltage. By varying the CsPbI3 QD concentration, a mixture is obtained that emits the “warm”, “neutral”, and “cold” white light sought for many indoor lighting applications, or to approximate the visible region of the solar spectrum, respectively. Remarkably, the material syntheses are low cost and truly scalable. In addition, colloidal mixtures of CQDs and CsPbI3 PQDs show a facile deposition for light‐emitting diode (LED) application, showing white electroluminescence, indicating that both kinds of QDs are stable during LED operation. Last but not least, the photoluminescence quantum yield of the colloidal mixtures is higher (up to 75%) than single white emitters, showing itself as a promising system for white emission with tunable properties.
Recent Advances in Luminescent Zero‐Dimensional Organic Metal Halide Hybrids
Authors: Zhou Chenkun , Xu Liang‐Jin , Lee Sujin , Lin Haoran , Ma Biwu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOrganic metal halide hybrids (OMHHs) have attracted great research attention owing to their exceptional structure and property tunability. Using appropriate organic and inorganic metal halide components, OMHHs with controlled dimensionalities at the molecular level, from 3D to 2D, 1D, and 0D structures, can be obtained. In 0D OMHHs, anionic metal halide polyhedrons are surrounded and completely isolated by organic cations to form single crystalline “host–guest” structures. These ionically bonded organic–inorganic hybrid systems often exhibit the intrinsic properties of individual metal halide species, for instance, highly efficient Stokes‐shifted broadband emissions. In this progress report, the recent advances in the development and study of luminescent 0D OMHHs are discussed: from synthetic structural control to fundamental understanding of the structure–property relationship and device integration.
Non‐Empirical Law for Nanoscale Atom‐by‐Atom Wear
Authors: Wang Yang , Xu Jingxiang , Ootani Yusuke , Ozawa Nobuki , Adachi Koshi , Kubo Momoji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWear of contact materials results in energy loss and device failure. Conventionally, wear is described by empirical laws such as the Archard's law; however, the fundamental physical and chemical origins of the empirical law have long been elusive, and moreover empirical wear laws do not always hold for nanoscale contact, collaboratively hindering the development of high‐durable tribosystems. Here, a non‐empirical and robustly applicable wear law for nanoscale contact situations is proposed. The proposed wear law successfully unveils why the nanoscale wear behaviors do not obey the description by Archard's law in all cases although still obey it in certain experiments. The robustness and applicability of the proposed wear law is validated by atomistic simulations. This work affords a way to calculate wear at nanoscale contact robustly and theoretically, and will contribute to developing design principles for wear reduction.
Novel natural plant protein and mimetic peptides rescues aberrant brain‐energy metabolism and Alzheimer’s disease pathology
Authors: Kim Myeong Ok 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundExtensive evidence has indicated that a high rate of cholesterol biogenesis and abnormal neuronal energy metabolism play key roles in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Here, for the first time, we used protein and peptide, a plant protein homolog of mammalian adiponectin, to determine its therapeutic efficacy in different AD models.MethodMice were grouped before treatment as follows: WT and Transgenic mice (APP/PS1 and Adipo‐/‐ mice) were administered via intraperitoneal injection with 3 types of solution (saline, osmotin and osmotin mimetic peptide). Mice were decapitated at the age of 5, 9, 12 or 16 months. Protein samples were analyzed by immunobloting as well as immunofluorescence. Brain sections were analyzed by immune histochemistry. LTP was measured by mEPSC.ResultOsmotin, natural plant protein, and its mimetic peptide treatment modulated adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1), significantly induced AMPK/SIRT1 activation, and reduced SREBP2 expression in both in vivo and in vitro AD and Adiponectin deficient mice. Osmotin acts Via AdipoR1/AMPK/SIRT1/SREBP2 and TNFR1 signaling pathway, Osmotin and its mimetic peptide significantly diminished amyloidogenic Aβ production, abundance and aggregation, accompanied by improved pre‐ and post‐synaptic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, memory deficits. Most importantly, it reversed the suppression of long‐term potentiation (LTP) in AD mice. Interestingly, AdipoR1, AMPK, and SIRT1 silencing not only abolished Osmotin capability but also further enhanced AD pathology by increasing SREBP2, APP, and β‐secretase (BACE1) expression and the levels of toxic Aβ production. Likewise, mimetic peptide mechanistically instigates AdipoR1/AMPK signaling and consequently suppressed the hyperactivated TNF‐α/TNFR1 signaling in both in vivo and in vitro models of AD.ConclusionOsmotin and its mimetic peptide mitigate aberrant brain‐energy metabolism and AD pathology in in vivo and in vitro AD models via regulating AdipoR1/AMPK/SIRT1/SREBP2/TNFR1 signaling pathway. These results suggest that Osmotin and peptide‐based mimetics can be a potential candidate for AD treatment.