bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mastectomy in 25 small ruminants (2002‐2019)
Authors: Hermida Jesus A. , Baird Aubrey N. , Hawkins Jan F. , Moore George E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the outcome of small ruminants treated with unilateral and bilateral mastectomy by using three surgical techniques.Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsTwenty‐five small ruminants (24 goats and one sheep).MethodsMedical records of animals that underwent mastectomy between November 1, 2002, and May 1, 2019, were reviewed. Follow‐up information was obtained by telephone questionnaire with owners. Signalment, surgical data, intraoperative and postoperative complications, bacterial culture results, histopathologic diagnoses, short‐ and long‐term outcomes, and other procedures performed were recorded.ResultProcedures consisted of six unilateral (with an elliptical incision) and 19 total (with inverted cloverleaf or elliptical skin incisions) mastectomies. All animals survived to hospital discharge. Intraoperative complications included contamination of the surgical site with mammary‐gland fluid, hemorrhage, and difficulty dissecting skin from the mammary gland. Postoperative complications included seroma formation (7/25), surgical‐site infection (5/25), and dehiscence of the skin incision (3/25). Mammary neoplasia was diagnosed in seven of 15 animals with histopathologic examination. No association was detected between surgical technique, diagnosis of neoplasia, and long‐term outcome. Overall, client satisfaction was high.ConclusionMastectomy was effective at removing abnormally enlarged udders secondary to chronic mastitis, inappropriate lactation, idiopathic causes, or neoplasia and was associated with a low rate of complications in small ruminants.Clinical significanceUnilateral mastectomy with an elliptical skin incision or total mastectomy, preferably with inverted cloverleaf skin incision, may be indicated to remove diseased mammary tissue in small ruminants and can result in long‐term survival with low morbidity and cosmetically pleasing results.
Physical activity interventions to prevent and manage type 2 diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Evans John , Canuto Karla , Kelly Ray , Caperchione Cristina , Macniven Rona 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This systematic review aims to synthesize evidence to determine the effect of physical activity on the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.

Introduction:
Physical activity interventions have been shown to have a positive influence in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. A body of evidence for the impact among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is emerging, but a definitive understanding is yet to be realized.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will include studies with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations of any age group and from any setting or region in Australia. Studies will be included if they report on physical activity interventions, programs, or activities to prevent or manage type 2 diabetes. Studies may compare physical activity interventions to usual care, alternate treatments, or no intervention, or may be pre-post studies. This review will consider studies that measure change in physical activity or exercise levels and/or change in HbA1c level.

Methods:
Nine databases will be searched, and studies published in English will be included. No date limits will be set. Methodological quality will be determined using critical appraisal checklists appropriate to the study design and the CREATE Critical Appraisal Tool to appraise research from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander perspectives. Data extracted will include population group, study design, methods, intervention components, and physical activity–related outcomes. Quantitative data will be pooled where possible to enable a meta-analysis to be conducted. Heterogeneous studies will be synthesized narratively.
Progress Toward a Complete Set of Errors for Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Kaizer Joshua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To develop a fully complete set of errors associated with modeling and simulation, it is necessary to express every error that could impact the accuracy of a computational model's prediction of the real world system (i.e., a set of errors that is theoretically complete) and to develop a means to assess each error (i.e., making the set practically complete). As a first step toward this goal, this paper focuses on developing a theoretically complete set of errors that, if accounted for, would result in the correct prediction of reality. In order to derive this theoretically complete set of errors, a three-step process is followed. First, a generic scenario is introduced which is defined by a set of functions and inputs common to many, if not most, applications in modeling and simulation. Second, using only these functions and inputs, an equation for the total error is defined such that correcting the model's prediction to account for the error would result in a correct prediction of reality. Finally, the equation for total error is expanded by introducing terms from the generic scenario. This results in a decomposition of the total error into a set of thirteen distinct difference terms, each of which is defined as an error and many of which are closely related to current practices in verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification. These thirteen errors represent a theoretically complete set.
Estimation of Hydraulic Gradient for a Transport Pipeline
Authors: Rojas J. , Verde C. , Torres L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This work deals with the hydraulic gradient estimation in real-time of a transport pipeline computational model by considering a slightly compressible fluid and slightly deformable conduit walls. Since the hydraulic gradient (J(Q)) caused by the friction phenomenon in a pipeline plays an important role in the system's behavior, and this function is affected by fluid properties' deviations, environmental disturbances and conduit deteriorations, it is proposed that the on-line estimation of J(Q) could be part of a monitoring system. The proposition can be applied to obtain computational models of a line with a junction and assumes only measurements of pressure and flow rate at the ends of the conduit and the junction outflow. The generic form of the gradient function J(Q) is a second-order polynomial with coefficients that involve indirectly pipe roughness, the transversal area of the conduit, fluid viscosity and elements connected to the line. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is applied to estimate the coefficients of the function J(Q). As a test apparatus, a 163 m long hydraulic pipeline is used. Diverse experiments show the usefulness of the on-line estimation of J(Q) for monitoring and simulation tasks where computational models are necessary.
Oil Brush Seals in Turbomachinery: Flow Analyses and Closed-Form Solutions
Authors: Duran Ertuğrul Tolga 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Brush seals are one of the most important dynamic seals used in oil and oil mist applications in industrial turbines and aviation. Flexible bristle structure is the main structural superiority of brush seals, which enables precise clearance control and high performance in compensating rotor transients. The viscous medium between the high-speed rotor surface and brush seal bristles generates a hydrodynamic lifting force that determines seal clearance and leakage rate in oil sealing applications. Shear heating at moderate and high rotor surface speeds results in an increase in temperature and stabilization of lifting force, which is known as high-speed lift stabilization. Strong temperature–viscosity dependency of lube oils possesses the need for a detailed analysis and understanding of the effect of shear heat on hydrodynamic lift of brush seals in oil applications. To provide a better understanding about the critical balance of hydrodynamic lift force with rotor speed, temperature, and pressure, this work presents an analytical study to investigate pressure profile and shear heat temperature rise in liquid sealing medium within the hydrodynamic lift clearance. A closed-form solution to pressure and temperature distribution in axial and radial directions has been obtained by solving continuity, Navier–Stokes, and thermal energy equations for brush seals. The thermal and pressure functions are evaluated for linear and nonlinear pressure drop approaches, and the results are compared with each other. Deviation in nonlinear and linear pressure, resulting temperature level differences, and effect of rotor speed are detailed within the content of this study. The provided closed-form functions for pressure and temperature profiles are useful for designers since these can be utilized for turbine operation conditions. Dynamic test rig design for high-speed leakage performance measurement of turbomachinery seals is detailed, where the test rig can also be adopted for stiffness, frictional heat, power loss, torque loss, and bucket tip stability testing in oil and air environment. The test setup can also be used for testing dynamic seals other than brush seals.
Sleep characteristics and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes on glucose-lowering medication
Authors: Tan Xiao , Benedict Christian 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionTo examine the association of sleep duration, insomnia, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on glucose-lowering medications.Research design and methods13 346 patients with T2D were included in the present analysis (mean age: 60.2 years; 56.6% were on antidiabetic drug monotherapy; 43.4% received at least two glucose-lowering medications). Sleep duration (short: ≤6 hours/day; normal: 7–8 hours/day; long: ≥9 hours/day) and frequency of insomnia symptoms were self-reported. The risk of OSA was considered high if at least two of the following conditions were fulfilled: regular snoring, frequent daytime sleepiness, and either obesity (≥30 kg/m2) or hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg). Associations between sleep variables and HbA1c were investigated by analysis of covariance or linear regression (adjusted for, eg, participants’ age, sex, ethnic background, and systolic blood pressure).ResultsLong sleep duration and a high risk for OSA were independently associated with higher HbA1c values (long vs normal sleep duration: +0.10% (95% CI 0.03 to 0.18); high vs low risk for OSA: +0.07% (95% CI 0.02 to 0.11), both p=0.004). No robust association was found of short sleep duration and frequent insomnia symptoms with HbA1c. Finally, a positive dose–response association between the number of sleep problems per subject (range: 0–3) and HbA1c was observed (β=0.04% (0.02 to 0.06), p=0.002). However, all significant associations were small.ConclusionScreening for and treatment of sleep problems may help lower HbA1c levels in patients with T2D on glucose-lowering medications.
Improving precise counting of mitotic cells in mantle cell lymphoma using phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) antibody
Authors: Medani Hanine , Elshiekh Mohamed , Naresh Kikkeri N 
Published: September 2020

AimsMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has a highly heterogeneous clinical course ranging from indolent, to aggressive and rapidly progressive disease. Proliferation is a strong predictor for disease outcome. In routine clinical practice, Ki-67 expression is used as a measure of proliferation. However, several studies have documented a high degree of inter-laboratory and inter-observer variation with Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. Phosphorylation of histone H3 occurs specifically during mitosis and hence serves as a specific marker for cells in mitosis.Methods and resultsWe investigated phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) immunohistochemistry as a proliferation maker in 28 tissue biopsies of MCL and compared the PHH3 results (as evaluated by direct microscopic visualisation and image analysis-aided scoring) with morphological subtyping, mitotic counts and Ki-67 index. We found PHH3-mitotic count was about sixfold higher than H&E-mitotic count (mitoses in 10 high power fields). Furthermore, PHH3-mitotic count in aggressive morphological variants of MCL was significantly higher than in usual MCL. The PHH3-mitotic count showed a strong linear correlation with PHH3-mitotic index (percentage positive cells).ConclusionsWe found PHH3 immunohistochemistry, a reliable mitosis-specific marker, in MCL. Performing precise counts and evaluating precise proliferation indices is easier with PHH3 immunohistochemistry. This contrasts with the conventional estimation of Ki-67 percentages by ‘eye-balling’.
Bone marrow MSC from pediatric patients with B-ALL highly immunosuppress T-cell responses but do not compromise CD19-CAR T-cell activity
Authors: Zanetti Samanta Romina , Romecin Paola Alejandra , Vinyoles Meritxell , Juan Manel , Fuster José Luis , Cámos Mireia , Querol Sergi , Delgado Mario , Menendez Pablo 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAlthough adoptive transfer of CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells (CD19-CAR T-cells) achieves high rates of complete response in patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), relapse is common. Bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSC) are key components of the hematopoietic niche and are implicated in B-ALL pathogenesis and therapy resistance. MSC exert an immunosuppressive effect on T-cells; however, their impact on CD19-CAR T-cell activity is understudied.MethodsWe performed a detailed characterization of BM-MSC from pediatric patients with B-ALL (B-ALL BM-MSC), evaluated their immunomodulatory properties and their impact on CD19-CAR T-cell activity in vitro using microscopy, qRT-PCR, ELISA, flow cytometry analysis and in vivo using a preclinical model of severe colitis and a B-ALL xenograft model.ResultsWhile B-ALL BM-MSC were less proliferative than those from age-matched healthy donors (HD), the morphology, immunophenotype, differentiation potential and chemoprotection was very similar. Likewise, both BM-MSC populations were equally immunosuppressive in vitro and anti-inflammatory in an in vivo model of severe colitis. Interestingly, BM-MSC failed to impair CD19-CAR T-cell cytotoxicity or cytokine production in vitro using B-ALL cell lines and primary B-ALL cells. Finally, the growth of NALM6 cells was controlled in vivo by CD19-CAR T-cells irrespective of the absence/presence of BM-MSC.ConclusionsCollectively, our data demonstrate that pediatric B-ALL and HD BM-MSC equally immunosuppress T-cell responses but do not compromise CD19-CAR T-cell activity.
Association between favourable changes in objectively measured physical activity and telomere length after a lifestyle intervention in pediatric patients with abdominal obesity
Authors: Ojeda-Rodríguez Ana , Morell-Azanza Lydia , Martín-Calvo Nerea , Zalba Guillermo , Chueca María , Azcona-Sanjulian Maria Cristina , Marti Amelia 
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of physical activity (PA) changes, measured by accelerometry, on telomere length (TL) in pediatric patients with abdominal obesity after a lifestyle intervention. One hundred and twenty-one children (7–16 years old) with abdominal obesity were randomized to the intervention (a moderately hypocaloric Mediterranean diet) or the usual care group (standard pediatric recommendations) for 22 months (a 2 month intensive phase and a subsequent 20 month follow-up). Both groups were encouraged to accumulate an extra 200 min/week of PA. TL was measured by MMqPCR. Data were analyzed in 102 subjects after 2 months and 64 subjects at the first 10 months of follow-up. Light PA level decreased in both groups after 12 months of intervention. At month 2, moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) increased in the intervention group (+5.4 min/day, p = 0.035) and so did sedentary time in the usual care group (+49.7 min/day, p = 0.010). TL changes were positively associated (p < 0.050) with metabolic equivalents (METs), MVPA level, and number of steps, and were inversely associated with sedentary and light PA levels in the intervention group after the intensive phase. In conclusion, favourable changes in PA levels in the intensive phase of a lifestyle intervention could contribute to TL maintenance in a pediatric population with abdominal obesity. Novelty Changes in physical activity levels had a direct effect on telomere length, a biomarker of cellular aging and oxidative stress. PA advice based on The American College of Sports Medicine included in this intervention is easy to implement in primary care.
Efficacy and Safety of Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab versus Sunitinib in First-line Treatment of Patients with Advanced Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Tannir Nizar M. , Signoretti Sabina , Choueiri Toni K. , McDermott David F. , Motzer Robert J. , Flaifel Abdallah , Pignon Jean-Christophe , Ficial Miriam , Frontera Osvaldo Arén , George Saby , Powles Thomas , Donskov Frede , Harrison Michael R. , Barthélémy Philippe , Tykodi Scott S. , Kocsis Judit , Ravaud Alain , Rodriguez-Cid Jeronimo R. , Pal Sumanta K. , Murad Andre M. , Ishii Yuko , Saggi Shruti Shally , McHenry M. Brent , Rini Brian I. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid features (sRCC) have poor prognoses and suboptimal outcomes with targeted therapy. This post hoc analysis of the phase III CheckMate 214 trial analyzed the efficacy of nivolumab plus ipilimumab (NIVO+IPI) versus sunitinib in patients with sRCC.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with sRCC were identified via independent central pathology review of archival tumor tissue or histologic classification per local pathology report. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive nivolumab (3 mg/kg) plus ipilimumab (1 mg/kg) every 3 weeks (four doses) then nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks, or sunitinib 50 mg orally every day (4 weeks; 6-week cycles). Outcomes in patients with sRCC were not prespecified. Endpoints in patients with sRCC and International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium intermediate/poor-risk disease included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) per independent radiology review, and objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST v1.1. Safety outcomes used descriptive statistics.

Results:
Of 1,096 randomized patients in CheckMate 214, 139 patients with sRCC and intermediate/poor-risk disease and six with favorable-risk disease were identified. With 42 months' minimum follow-up in patients with sRCC and intermediate/poor-risk disease, median OS [95% confidence interval (CI)] favored NIVO+IPI [not reached (NR) (25.2-not estimable [NE]); n = 74] versus sunitinib [14.2 months (9.3–22.9); n = 65; HR, 0.45 (95% CI, 0.3–0.7; P = 0.0004)]; PFS benefits with NIVO+IPI were similarly observed [median 26.5 vs. 5.1 months; HR, 0.54 (95% CI, 0.33–0.86; P = 0.0093)]. Confirmed ORR was 60.8% with NIVO+IPI versus 23.1% with sunitinib, with complete response rates of 18.9% versus 3.1%, respectively. No new safety signals emerged.

Conclusions:
NIVO+IPI showed unprecedented long-term survival, response, and complete response benefits versus sunitinib in previously untreated patients with sRCC and intermediate/poor-risk disease, supporting the use of first-line NIVO+IPI for this population.
See related commentary by Hwang et al., p. 5
Abstract A007: Using latent class modeling to characterize exposome impacts on health disparities
Authors: Larsen Alexandra , Kolpacoff Viktoria , Seewaldt Victoria , Hyslop Terry 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Recent work suggests that air pollutants, toxic chemicals, and other environmental exposures negatively impact health in a synergistic way. We hypothesize that these environmental exposures will vary with socioeconomic status (SES), and urban versus rural location, and contribute to health disparities. In order to measure and understand this phenomenon, we propose a latent class mixture model of multi-pollutant exposures and SES. This builds on our previous development of an SES mixture model, which includes 13 indicators of socioeconomic advantage (eg profession, education) and disadvantage (eg unemployment, single-parent households, etc). Our model identifies levels of joint exposure to three classes of toxic pollutants: volatile organic compounds (VOC), particulate matter (PM) and heavy metals (HM). We use publicly available data from the American Community Survey and the EPA, including the National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA), for the 2,174 census tracts in North Carolina (NC). Model results indicate that mixtures of 2 levels of pollutants, 2 levels of socioeconomic advantage and 2 levels of socioeconomic disadvantage best fit data for NC. We present estimated class-membership for the state of NC, where 34.1% of the census tracts exhibit high disadvantage, 66.3% have low advantage, and 59.2% of census tracts have high mixtures of toxic pollutants. While frequently observed in urban or regional city/suburban areas, our model shows that rural areas are detected at the highest levels of pollution as well. Areas of high advantage are focused on urban/suburban and coastal areas, while disadvantage dominates the eastern half of the state as well as many urban areas. Areas with higher SES disadvantage had significantly higher black population density (p&lt;0.001). Similarly, black population density was higher in areas with higher pollution (p&lt;0.001). Our next focus is to incorporate spatial correlations into our models to better characterize the interactive nature of multi-pollutant and economic exposures, and apply to specific cohorts with cancer outcomes. Taken together, these extensions will be incorporated into a holistic, exposome modelling framework for estimating disparities in cancer survival.
Citation Format: Alexandra Larsen, Viktoria Kolpacoff, Victoria Seewaldt, Terry Hyslop. Using latent class modeling to characterize exposome impacts on health disparities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A007.