bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical ethnography of outreach nurses– perceptions of the clinical issues associated with social disaffiliation and stigma
Authors: Paradis‐Gagné Etienne , Pariseau‐Legault Pierre 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of how nurses experience their practice with homeless people. More specifically, we wanted to consider the role as it is practised and certain clinical characteristics associated with social disaffiliation and stigma.BackgroundPrevious research has shown the need to implement adapted nursing interventions to address the problems homeless people encounter in obtaining health services. According to the literature, such interventions have positive health outcomes for homeless people, who exhibit complex health needs.DesignWe chose critical ethnography as our research method.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 nurses who work with people experiencing homelessness in Eastern Canada. They were selected using the convenience sampling method. Recruitment was conducted between June–October 2019.FindingsFour categories emerged from the qualitative analysis of the data: (1) the professional role and identity of nurses; (2) the social function of outreach nursing; (3) clinical realities; and (4) disaffiliation and stigmatization. In this article, we will present the findings associated with the fourth category.ConclusionNursing practice with this population is conducted in non‐traditional settings such as shelters, community groups, camps, and the street. Nurses must be able to gain acceptance in these environments in order to forge trusting relationships with disaffiliated and stigmatized patients. Our analysis of the data also indicates that nurses who care for homeless people may be subject to stigma by association or “courtesy stigma.”ImpactThe results of this critical ethnography are useful in that they highlight the clinical interventions and health policies best suited to a highly marginalized clientele that is poorly served by traditional health services.
Disentangling the latitudinal and altitudinal shifts in community composition induced by climate change: The case of riparian birds
Authors: Gaget Elie , Devictor Vincent , Frochot Bernard , Desbrosses Régis , Eybert Marie‐Christine , Faivre Bruno 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThis study investigates whether, and how, the composition of riparian bird communities has been affected by climate warming and habitat change. Although these two forces act separately, their respective contributions are rarely examined. Moreover, while the response of a given community may be a function of latitude and altitude, most studies have focused on these gradients separately. Riparian ecosystems are an opportunity to investigate community change along latitudinal and elevational gradients.LocationFrance, three major rivers (the Doubs, the Allier and the Loire)TaxonBirds.MethodsDrawing upon bird community monitoring data over a period of 31 years (1982–2013, n = 1,286 point counts), we assessed community adjustment to temperature increase with the Community Temperature Index (CTI), and the homogenization pattern following habitat conversion with the Community Specialization Index (CSI). We evaluated the spatial climatic debt accumulated by communities, and the interaction between CTI and CSI trends. Furthermore, we tested differences in trends for lowland and highland elevations.ResultsOver the study period, the temperature increased by 1.17°C, and the CTI by 0.12°C, which corresponds to a spatial climatic debt of 4.9 km/year. Lowland communities adjusted to warming but not highland communities, which have experienced a decline in species abundance. CSI trends revealed biotic homogenization in both lowland and highland communities. This finding was uncorrelated with the CTI increase, and is thought to be due to the pressure from land use change on community composition.Main conclusionsRiparian breeding bird communities have been affected by a temperature increase and, potentially, habitat change. Highland communities are most vulnerable to climate warming. Both climate warming and habitat change appear to have rapidly affected the composition of local communities, with expectable concerns on their diversity and specificity in the long term.
Revisiting a speciation classic: Comparative analyses support sharp but leaky transitions betweenBombinatoads
Authors: Dufresnes Christophe , Suchan Tomasz , Smirnov Nazar A. , Denoël Mathieu , Rosanov Juriy M. , Litvinchuk Spartak N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe amount of gene flow between parapatric species can be greatly variable depending on how species boundaries are maintained in respect to numerous genetic and ecological factors that affect the strength of reproductive isolation. We quantified this variability to understand its effect on the genetic integrity of a well‐studied pair of hybridizing amphibians.LocationCentral and Eastern Europe.TaxaThe fire‐ and yellow‐bellied toadsBombina bombinaandB. variegata.MethodsWe first complemented the mitochondrial phylogeography of EuropeanBombinaby barcoding additional populations and built MaxEnt species distribution models to identify the routes of post‐glacial colonization that led to hybrid zone formation. Second, we targeted the areas of parapatry in Poland and Ukraine to assess nuclear admixture by population genetics (PCA, Bayesian clustering) of allozyme and genomic markers (RAD‐seq). Third, we harvested the richBombinaliterature to thoroughly compare the extent of geographical introgression across 11 transitions altogether, using cline analyses when possible.ResultsWe found sharp (2–11 km wide) but leaky transitions (geographically extensive traces of introgression) in all parapatric areas, either measured from a few allozymes or thousands of species‐diagnostic SNPs, and irrespective of the intraspecific lineages involved or the relative ages since first contact.Main conclusionBombinaspecies are permeable to gene flow despite selection against hybrids that retards but cannot ultimately prevent putatively neutral introgression into the parental gene pools. Although local hybrid swarms face genetic assimilation, the species’ integrities remain intact due to their large geographical ranges and ecological differentiation that enforces tight boundaries regardless of the biogeographical attributes of the contacts. Opposing the great variability of introgression patterns found between cryptic species, these results support that gene flow should not be viewed as a force of despeciation when reproductive isolation involves multiple intrinsic and extrinsic barriers.
Improving biological relevance of model projections in response to climate change by considering dispersal amongst lineages in an amphibian
Authors: Boyer Igor , Cayuela Hugo , Bertrand Romain , Isselin‐Nondedeu Francis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimWhen modelling future or past geographic distributions of a species, attention should be paid to the possible differentiated responses to climate changes between lineages. Dispersal also plays an important role in the capacity of species to track suitable climate, which is particularly relevant for amphibians with limited dispersal ability. In this study, we included different lineages and dispersal distances into species distribution models to make them more biologically relevant in face of climate change scenarios.LocationEurope.TaxaBombina variegata and its lineages.MethodsUsing MaxEnt, we fitted correlative niche models for B. variegata lineages and also for the species level (B. variegata sensu lato) that we projected under Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and future climate scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP8.5). A comparison of projections was conducted considering both unlimited and limited dispersal abilities.ResultsWe found that the B. variegata lineages differed in their bioclimatic niches. In general, models run without discriminating the lineages showed reduced suitable areas compared to models run at each lineage, especially those for B. variegata pachypus and B. variegata scabra (southern lineages). Suitable areas identified for the LGM match with the climatic refugia identified in phylogeographic studies. Projections for the mid‐Holocene showed the increase of suitable areas for the lineages B. variegata variegata “Carpathians” and “Western” while they decreased for the southern lineages. In the future (2040–2080), only models under limited dispersal predict the extinction of the Carpathian lineage and a reduction in suitable areas for the other lineages, regardless of periods and scenarios.Main conclusionsWe demonstrated important shifts in habitat suitability in Europe suggesting range‐shifts about hundreds of kilometres in response to past climate changes. However, rapid and unprecedented changes in suitability are expected in the future due to the accelerated climate warming during the 21st. According to their limited dispersal abilities, the persistence of all B. variegata lineages over time appears uncertain. We further recommend to integrate the intraspecific levels, when available, in modelling process to catch local variations and obtain more accurate results.
24‐h ambulatory blood pressure variability and hypertensive nephropathy in Han Chinese hypertensive patients
Authors: Hung Ming‐Hui , Huang Chin‐Chou , Chung Chia‐Min , Chen Jaw‐Wen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBlood pressure (BP) is characterized by spontaneous oscillation over time, which is described as BP variability (BPV). The current study aimed to investigate whether short‐term BPV was correlated with hypertensive nephropathy in Han Chinese individuals with hypertension. A single‐center prospective cohort study of 300 Han Chinese participants with hypertension was conducted in Taiwan. Five different BPV parameters were derived from ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), including standard deviation (SD), weighted SD (wSD), coefficient of variation (CoV), successive variation (SV), and average real variability (ARV). Renal event was defined as > 50% reduction in baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The average age of the participants was 63.5 years. The baseline eGFR was 84.5 mL/min/1.73 m2. The participants were divided into two groups according to the wSD of systolic BP (SBP). Survival was assessed via a Kaplan‐Meier analysis. During the 4.2‐year follow‐up, the participants with the highest SBP wSD tertile had a greater number of renal events (6.0%) than their counterparts (0.5%) (log‐rank test, p = .007). The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to assess the independent effects of BPV, and results showed that 24‐h SBP (HR = 1.105; 95% CI = 1.020–1.197, p = .015) and 24‐h DBP (HR = 1.162; 95% CI = 1.004–1.344, p = .044) were independently associated with renal events. However, BPV parameters were only associated with renal events univariately, but not after adjusting for baseline characteristics, 24‐h mean BP, and office BP. Therefore, the risk of hypertensive nephropathy was independently associated with 24‐h mean BP, but not with ambulatory BPV, in Han Chinese participants with hypertension.
Improved protection of outdoor workers from solar ultraviolet radiation: position statement
Authors: John S.M. , Garbe C. , French L.E. , Takala J. , Yared W. , Cardone A. , Gehring R. , Spahn A. , Stratigos A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe vast majority of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is attributable to excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Outdoor workers are exposed to an UVR dose at least 2 to 3 times higher than indoor workers and often to daily UVR doses 5 times above internationally recommended limits. The risk of UVR workplace exposure is vastly neglected, and the evident future challenges presented in this statement are contrasted with the current situation regarding legal recognition, patient care and compensation. While prevention is crucial to reduce cancer risks for outdoor workers, it is as much of relevance to better protect them through legally binding rules and regulations. Specific actions are outlined in five recommendations based on a Call to Action (table 1). The role of health professionals, including dermatologists, in this context is crucial.
Description of Phaeobolaaeris gen. nov., sp. nov (Rhizaria, Cercozoa, Euglyphida) Sheds Light on Euglyphida’s Dark Matter
Authors: Dumack Kenneth , Duckert Clément , Meinhardt Raphaela , Lara Enrique , Bonkowski Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe majority of Euglyphida species are characterised by shells with imbricated silica scales. Environmental surveys indicate a large unexplored diversity and recent efforts hinted at a certain diversity of yet undescribed, inconspicuous, scale‐lacking Euglyphida. Here we describe Phaeobola aeris gen. nov., sp. nov. that shows a variety of morphological characters typical for the Euglyphida but lacks silica scales‐instead, this species bears an agglutinated test. Neither its morphology nor phylogenetic placement allows its assignment to any currently described family. We erected the yet monospecific genus Phaeobola gen. nov., which with yet available data remain Euglyphida incertae sedis.
Tardive neurotoxicity of anticholinergic drugs: A review
Authors: Marzoughi Sina , Banerjee Ankur , Jutzeler Catherine R. , Prado Marco A.M. , Rosner Jan , Cragg Jacquelyn J. , Cashman Neil 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe cholinergic system is a complex neurotransmitter system with functional involvement at multiple levels of the nervous system including the cerebral cortex, spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, and neuromuscular junction. Anticholinergic medications are among the most prescribed medications, making up one‐third to one‐half of all medications prescribed for seniors. Recent evidence has linked long‐term use of anticholinergic medications and dementia. Emerging evidence implicates the cholinergic system in the regulation of cerebral vasculature as well as neuroinflammation, suggesting that anticholinergic medications may contribute to absolute risk and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we explore the involvement of the cholinergic system in various neurodegenerative diseases and the possible detrimental effects of anticholinergic medications on the onset and progression of these disorders. We identified references by searching the PubMed and Cochrane database between January 1990 and September 2019 for English‐language animal and human studies including randomized clinical trials (RCTs), meta‐analyses, systematic reviews, and observational studies. In addition, we conducted a manual search of reference lists from retrieved studies. Long‐term anticholinergic medication exposure may have detrimental consequences beyond well‐documented short‐term cognitive effects, through a variety of mechanisms either directly impacting cholinergic neurotransmission or through receptors expressed on the vasculature or immune cells, providing a pathophysiological framework for complex interactions across the entire neuroaxis.
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Cryo‐electron microscopy of cholinesterases, present and future
Authors: Leung Miguel Ricardo , Zeev‐Ben‐Mordehai Tzviya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) exist in a variety of oligomeric forms, each with defined cellular and subcellular distributions. Although crystal structures of AChE and BChE have been available for many years, structures of the physiologically relevant ChE tetramer were only recently solved by cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) single‐particle analysis. Here, we briefly review how these structures contribute to our understanding of cholinesterase oligomerization, highlighting the advantages of using cryo‐EM to resolve structures of protein assemblies that cannot be expressed recombinantly. We argue that the next frontier in cholinesterase structural biology is to image membrane‐anchored ChE oligomers directly in their native environment—the cell.
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Unchanged food approach‐avoidance behaviour of healthy men after oxytocin administration
Authors: Melkonyan Anna , Liu Lu , Brown Elliot C. , Meyer Willi , Madipakkam Apoorva Rajiv , Ringelmann Lina , Lange Franziska , Schmid Sebastian M. , Münte Thomas F. , Park Soyoung Q. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe oxytocinergic system has been assumed to contribute to food intake, possibly via interactions with dopamine. However, so far, it is unknown whether oxytocin influences the underlying motivational behaviour towards food. In the present study, we used a food‐based approach‐avoidance task (AAT) in a randomised, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, cross‐over design to compare intranasal oxytocin with a placebo. In the AAT, participants pushed or pulled a joystick when images of foods with a high or low craving rating were presented, where differences in response times typically reflect approach and avoidance motivational biases towards positively and negatively valence stimuli, respectively. Thirty‐three healthy male participants (age = 25.12 ± 3.51 years; body mass index = 24.25 ± 2.48 kg/m2) completed the two‐session study, one with placebo and the other with oxytocin. We used mixed‐effects models to investigate effects of treatment (oxytocin, placebo), response type (approach, avoid) and stimulus (high, low craving). The results showed that both approach and avoid responses tended to be faster for foods higher in craving compared to foods lower in craving. Most importantly, we did not observe any significant effects of oxytocin compared to placebo in motivational behaviour towards food. Our study demonstrates a general response bias towards foods with different craving values, which could have implications for future studies investigating food‐related behaviour. We discuss possible explanations for the null effects of oxytocin and suggest further investigation of the relationship between oxytocin, dopamine and food‐reward processing.
RhoA/ROCKs signaling is increased by treatment with TKI‐258 and leads to increased apoptosis in SCC‐4 oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line
Authors: Carneiro Anna Cecília Dias Maciel , De Vito Fernanda Bernadelli , Moraes‐Souza Helio , Crema Virgínia Oliveira 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the effect of treatment with TKI‐258 on apoptosis, involving Rho GTPases and their effectors in SCC‐4 cells of oral squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsMarkers of cell death and apoptosis were analyzed in control and TKI‐258‐treated SCC‐4 cells by flow cytometry. The involvement of Rho GTPases and effectors in the induction of apoptosis by TKI‐258 was evaluated by quantification of cleaved PARP. Also, gene expression analysis of those proteins was performed.ResultsThe treatment with TKI‐258 led to a significant increase in cell death (7‐AAD) and apoptosis (annexin V and cleaved PARP). When Rho GTPases were stimulated with LPA and inhibited with toxin A Clostridium difficile, the percentage of apoptotic cells increased and decreased, respectively. A similar effect was found when the treatment was with TKI‐258 combined with LPA and toxin A. Treatment with TKI‐258 significantly increased RhoA gene expression, while RhoB, RhoC, Rac1, and Cdc42 decreased significantly. ROCKs inhibitors (Y‐27632 and HA‐1077) reduced apoptosis compared with control. TKI‐258 combined with Y‐27632 or HA‐1077 led to an increase in apoptosis compared with inhibitors only. Treatment with TKI‐258 led to an increase in ROCK1 and ROCK2 gene expression, and a decrease in PAK1 and PAK2 gene expression.ConclusionsTKI‐258 stimulates apoptosis in SCC‐4 cells of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Possibly, RhoA GTPase and their effectors ROCKs participate in the signaling pathway inhibited by TKI‐258. Clinical Relevance: Therapies with multi‐target inhibitors, such as TKI‐258, may be promising alternatives for the clinical treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Immunoexpression of BDNF, TrkB, and p75NTR receptors in peripheral neural lesions of the head and neck
Authors: Ribeiro Julia Turra , Thieme Stéfanie , Zettermann Paula , Leite Amanda Almeida , Zanella Virgilio Gonzales , Pilar Emily Ferreira Salles , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Mesquita Ricardo Alves , Vargas Pablo Agustin , dos Santos Jean Nunes , Martins Manoela Domingues 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin receptors have been recognized as fundamental regulators of normal brain development, homeostasis, and plasticity. They have also been studied in the behavior of central nervous system tumors. Here, we studied the pattern of BDNF, TrkB and p75NTR immunoexpression in peripheral benign and malignant neural lesions in head and neck.MethodsThis cross‐sectional analytical study included 79 cases of head and neck neural lesions. Nineteen cases of traumatic neuromas (TN), 20 cases of granular cell tumors (GCT), 16 cases of neurofibromas (NF), 20 cases of schwannomas (SC), and 4 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) were submitted to immunohistochemistry with BDNF, TrkB, and p75NTR antibodies. A semi‐quantitative analysis was performed.ResultsThe analysis of BDNF demonstrated a high percentage of positive cells in TN, GCT and SC with a decrease in cases of NF and MPNST. TrkB presented a lower significant immunoexpression in GCT in relation to the TN, NF, SC, and MPNST (P < .0001); and TN showed less percentage of positive cell compared to SC (P = .0017). Regarding p75NTR, the percentage of positive cell was significantly reduced in MPNST compared GCT (P = .009), NF (P = .0138) and SC (P = .0069). Also, a decrease in TN compared to GCT (P = .007) was observed.ConclusionsOur results showed the immunoreactivity of BDNF, TrkB, and p75NTR in head and neck peripheral neural lesions. Reduction of BDNF and p75NTR in MPNST might suggest down‐regulation during the acquisition of malignant phenotype.
Investigation of interactions between Meloidogyne javanica and three soil‐borne fungi against susceptible plant hosts
Authors: Markakis Emmanouil A. , Krasagakis Nikolaos , Tzortzakakis Emmanuel A. , Tsaniklidis Georgios , Lagogianni Christina S. , Ligoxigakis Eleftherios K. , Pardavella Iro V. , Goumas Dimitrios E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the present study, combined interactions of the root‐knot nematode Meloidoyne javanica (M.j.) with the soil‐borne fungi Verticillium dahliae (V.d.), Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis‐cucumerinum (F.o.r.c.) or Monosporascus cannonballus (M.c.) against susceptible plant hosts were evaluated. Direct and indirect interactions were tested by applying each pathogen (nematode or fungus) alone or together on the whole plant root system or on each of the two sides of a split‐root set‐up in all possible combinations. Plant–fungi–nematode interactions were estimated by measuring various disease and growth parameters on host plants. A significant increase of verticillium wilt symptoms was observed in eggplant when V.d. and M.j. were applied separately in split‐root plants compared with symptoms in whole root plants inoculated with both pathogens. Root and stem rot and root‐knot symptoms in cucumber were more severe when F.o.r.c. was combined with M.j. in a split‐root set‐up than when plants were only inoculated with a single pathogen on one part of the split‐root set‐up. No significant associations were observed in the case of melon‐M.c.‐M.j. interaction. Gene expression bioassays for cucumber‐F.o.r.c.‐M.j. interaction revealed increased transcriptomic activity for PAL1 gene in plants treated with F.o.r.c at 3 days postinoculation (d.p.i.), whereas high transcriptomic level for DEFENSIN gene was observed primarily in M.j.‐treated plants at 7 d.p.i. The possible interactions between the abovementioned pathosystems are presented and discussed for the first time in literature.