bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field and simulation study of the rational coal pillar width in extra‐thick coal seams
Authors: He Wenrui , He Fulian , Zhao Yongqiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe principles of mining pressure in extra‐thick coal seams are different from those of medium‐thick and thick coal seams. Field investigation, laboratory test, and simulation analysis methods were used to study the correlation between the gob‐side entry (GSE) stability and coal pillar width during longwall top coal caving mining in extra‐thick coal seams. The test site is in Datong City, Shanxi Province, China. The mining pressure in N5209 tailgate with coal pillar of 30 m is severe based on the field investigations during the N5209 panel retreat. Global constitutive double‐yield and strain‐softening models were built to study the abutment pressures and plastic failure ranges of coal seams with different thicknesses and coal pillar widths. The simulation results show that the GSE with an 8‐m coal pillar is destressed and minimal GSE deformation occurs. In addition, the abutment stress in the coal pillar decreases with increasing coal seam thickness. The field tests indicate that the GSE with an 8‐m‐wide coal pillar is stable in extra‐thick coal seams. This study provides a reference for the coal pillar design in coal mines with similar geological and mining conditions.
Best practices for modeling structural boundary conditions due to a localized fire
Authors: DeSimone Alyssa , Jeffers Ann E. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryRecent studies suggest the assumption of uniform heating that is used in current structural fire design cannot be assumed conservative, especially if the fire is expected to burn locally. Aside from design equations, which have limited applicability, a common approach to simulating structural members subjected to a localized fire is modeling the fire‐structure interaction using a coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐finite element (FE) model. In the existing literature, a wide range of methods and parameters are used when determining the boundary conditions at the fire‐structure interface, specifically regarding the representation of net heat flux, heat transfer coefficient, and surface emissivity of steel. The purpose of this study is to investigate various methods for representing the boundary conditions in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency and then identify best practices. In conclusion, our study found that net heat flux predicted by adiabatic surface temperature, a nonconstant heat transfer coefficient, and a surface emissivity of 0.9 for steel was the most reliable thermal boundary condition in a coupled CFD‐FE model of a localized fire. These recommendations are based on the two cases studied here, and caution should be used when applying these results to future studies.
Continuous preparation of flavour‐active acetate esters by direct biocatalytic esterification
Authors: Chiarelli Perdomo Igor , Letizia Contente Martina , Pinto Andrea , Romano Diego , Fernandes Pedro , Molinari Francesco 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMycelium‐bound lipase(s) from Aspergillus oryzae catalysed direct esterification of isoamyl alcohol and cinnamyl alcohol with acetic acid in organic solvent, showing high stability towards substrates and products. Water produced during the esterification did not significantly affect the equilibrium of the reaction, allowing for high conversions. These features were exploited for preparing flavour‐active acetate esters (isoamyl and cinnamyl acetate) in batch and continuous systems. A continuous stirred tank membrane reactor (CST‐MR) was developed securing good reactor productivity and high biocatalyst stability.
Microglial expression of GAT‐1 in the cerebral cortex
Authors: Fattorini Giorgia , Catalano Myriam , Melone Marcello , Serpe Carmela , Bassi Silvia , Limatola Cristina , Conti Fiorenzo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMicroglial cells are the immune cells of the brain that, by sensing the microenvironment, permit a correct brain development and function. They communicate with other glial cells and with neurons, releasing and responding to a number of molecules that exert effects on surrounding cells. Among these, neurotransmitters and, in particular, gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) has recently gained interest in this context. We demonstrated the expression of GABA transporter 1 (GAT‐1) in microglial cells both in soma and cell processes. We show that microglial cell treatment with 1,2,5,6‐tetrahydro‐1‐[2‐[[(diphenylmethylene)amino]oxy]ethyl]‐3‐pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride (NNC‐711), a potent and selective GAT‐1 inhibitor, significantly reduced Na+‐dependent GABA uptake. On the other hand, GABA uptake was significantly increased by cell treatment with (S)‐1‐[2‐[tris(4‐methoxyphenyl)methoxy]ethyl]‐3‐piperidinecarboxylic acid (SNAP‐5114), a GAT‐2/3 inhibitor, and this effect was completely blocked by the botulinum toxin BoNT/C1, that specifically cleaves and inactives syntaxin 1A (STX1A). Overall, these findings show that microglial cells express GAT‐1 and indicate that STX1A plays an important role in the regulation of GAT‐1‐dependent GABA uptake in microglia.
Tobit models in strategy research: Critical issues and applications
Authors: Amore Mario Daniele , Murtinu Samuele 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryTobit models have been used to address several questions in management research. Reviewing existing practices and applications, we discuss three challenges: (a) assumptions about the nature of data, (b) apparent interchangeability between censoring and selection bias, and (c) potential violations of key assumptions in the distribution of residuals. Empirically analyzing the relationship between import competition and industry diversification, we contrast Tobit models with results from other estimators and show the conditions that make Tobit a suitable empirical approach. Finally, we offer suggestions and guidelines on how to use Tobit models to deal with censored data in strategy research.Managerial SummaryData on strategic decisions often exhibit certain features, such as excess zeros and values bounded within a given range, which complicate the use of linear econometric techniques. Deriving statistical evidence in such instances may suffer from biases that undermine managerial applications. Our study presents an extensive comparison of different econometric models to deal with censored data in strategic management showing the strengths and weaknesses of each model. We also conduct an application to the context of import penetration and industry diversification to highlight how the relationship between these two variables changes depending on the econometric model used for the analysis. In conclusion, we provide a set of recommendations for scholars interested in censored data.
Risk proneness modulates the impact of impulsivity on brain functional connectivity
Authors: Baltruschat Sabina , Cándido Antonio , Megías Alberto , Maldonado Antonio , Catena Andrés 
Published: November 2019

AbstractImpulsivity and sensation seeking are considered to be among the most important personality traits involved in risk‐taking behavior. This study is focused on whether the association of these personality traits and brain functional connectivity depends on individuals' risk proneness. Risk proneness was assessed with the DOSPERT‐30 scale and corroborated with performance in a motorcycle simulator. The associations of impulsivity‐ and sensation seeking‐related traits with the between and within coupling of seven major brain functional networks, estimated from electroencefalograma (EEG) recordings, differ according to whether an individual is risk prone or not. In risk‐prone individuals, (lack of) premeditation enhanced the coupling of the ventral attention and limbic networks. At the same time, emotion seeking increased the coupling of the frontoparietal network and the default mode networks (DMNs). Finally, (lack of) perseverance had a positive impact on the coupling of anterior temporal nodes of the limbic network whilst having a negative impact on some frontal nodes of the frontoparietal network and the DMNs. In general, the results suggest that the predisposition to behave riskily modulates the way in which impulsivity traits are linked to brain functionality, seemingly making the brain networks prepare for an immediate, automatic, and maladaptive response.
The effects of three blue light filter conditions for smartphones on visual fatigue and visual performance
Authors: Chiu Hsiao‐Ping , Liu Chien‐Hsiou 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough blue light filters have been developed to decrease visual fatigue, the decreased screen brightness and contrast ratios inherent in current filtering techniques should be resolved. To address these issues, we developed a blue light filter, named the Eye Care blue light filter. This study investigated the effects of three blue light filtering techniques (the Eye Care blue light filter, an 80% blue light filter application [app], and a 60% blue light filter app) on visual fatigue and task performance. Thirty‐six healthy adults were recruited. Critical fusion frequency, task performance, and subjective visual fatigue scale were used to assess visual perception and task performance. All subjects played a smartphone game for 40 min in each experimental condition. Task performance was better with the Eye Care blue light filter than with the two filter apps. The value of the Eye Care blue light filter is that it immerses the user in a good task performance environment while reducing blue light exposure per unit of time more than is possible with filter apps.
Factors influencing enrolment in Vietnamese National Health Insurance: Evidence from six provinces in 2018
Authors: Hasegawa Ryo 
Published: November 2019

SummaryObjectiveThis study examines the reasons why Vietnamese do not avail or subscribe to Social Health Insurance (SHI).MethodsThis study collected data from the Project of Development and Strengthening the Management of Provider Payment Methods and Basic Health Service Package Reimbursed by Health Insurance Fund in Vietnam implemented by Japan International Cooperation Agency. In‐depth interviews of nonsubscribers and logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify factors that influence enrolment in Vietnam's SHI.ResultsThe results showed that financial burden, sound health condition, preference for prescriptions from pharmacies, and complicated enrolment procedures were factors that influenced subscription to SHI. Regression analysis displayed that respondents with high education and those who were aware of their rights and benefits and copayment responsibilities were more likely to subscribe to SHI. A negative correlation between household affluence and enrolment implies that the affluent was likely to subscribe to private health insurance over SHI.ConclusionsIn‐depth interviews revealed the need to address demand and supply factors and institutional procedures to improve programme enrolment. Disseminating information about SHI could also boost enrolment.
A semianalytical technique for MHD peristalsis of pseudoplastic nanofluid with temperature‐dependent viscosity: Application in drug delivery system
Authors: Eldabe N. T. , Moatimid G. M. , Abouzeid M. Y. , ElShekhipy A. A. , Abdallah Naglaa F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn analysis has been implemented to study the influences of nonconstant viscosity and magnetohydrodynamics on pseudoplastic nanofluid through a porous medium. Ohmic dissipation, chemical reaction, and heat generation are taken into consideration. The current problem is debated under the molds of tiny or zero and approximation. Two models of nonconstant viscosity are deliberated. Model (I)—all parameters are nondimensional and have been measured as constants inside the flow. Model (II)—all these stated nondimensional parameters have been considered to differ with the temperature. Comparison among the solutions achieved by utilizing numerical results and multi‐step differential transform method (Ms‐DTM) is displayed in excellent agreement. Attention is dedicated to , ‐, and parameters. The governing equations for each case have been explained by an easy and highly perfect series established seminumerical Ms‐DTM utilizing Mathematica 11, which uses mathematical software package. Nanofluids are active for drug carrying and drug delivery systems because of the control with the velocity of fluid.
Timing and duration of hydrological transitions in Arctic polygonal ground from stable isotopes
Authors: Conroy Nathan Alec , Newman Brent David , Heikoop Jeffrey Martin , Perkins George Bradford , Feng Xiahong , Wilson Cathy Jean , Wullschleger Stan Duane 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLand surface models and Earth system models that include Arctic landscapes must capture the abrupt hydrological transitions that occur during the annual thaw and deepening of the active layer. In this work, stable water isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) are used to appraise hydrologically significant transitions during annual landscape thaw at the Barrow Environmental Observatory (Utqiaġvik, Alaska). These hydrologically significant periods are then linked to annual shifts in the landscape energy balance, deduced from meteorological data and described by the microclimatic periods: Winter, Pre‐Melt, Melt, Post‐Melt, Summer, and Freeze‐Up. The tight coupling of the microclimatic periods with the hydrological transitions supports the use of microclimatic periods as a means of linking polygonal surface water hydrology to meteorological datasets, which provides a mechanism for improving the representation of polygonal surface water hydrology in process‐based models. Rayleigh process reconstruction of the isotopic changes revealed that 19% of winter precipitation was lost to sublimation prior to melting and that 23% of surface water was lost to evaporation during the first 10 days post‐melt. This agrees with evaporation rates reported in a separate study using an eddy covariance flux tower located nearby. An additional 17% was lost to evaporation during the next 33 days. Stable water isotopes are also used to identify the dominant sources of surface water to various hydrogeomorphological features prevalent in polygonal terrain (a lake, a low centre polygon centre, troughs within the rims of low centre polygons, flat centre polygon troughs, a high centre polygon trough, and drainages). Hydrogeomorphologies that retained significant old water or acted as snow drifts are isotopically distinct during the Melt Period and therefore are easily distinguished. Biogeochemical changes related to the annual thaw are also reported and coupled to the hydrological transitions, which provides insight into the sources and sinks of these ions to and from the landscape.
On the impact of exchange rate uncertainty on private investment in Ghana
Authors: Mensah Emmanuel Kwasi , Asamoah Lawrence Adu , Ahiadorme Johnson Worlanyo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigh levels of private investment are correlated with higher economic growth and development across countries, but questions remain whether this relationship is sustainable given the high levels of exchange rate uncertainty in developing economies albeit other macroeconomic instabilities. This paper examines empirically the impact of real exchange rate uncertainty on private investment in Ghana. We, thus, apply the accelerator theory to investigate the contributing effect of real exchange rate uncertainty on the movement of private investment from the economic standpoint of an import‐dependent economy such as Ghana. The study employs annual time series data from 1980 to 2016. Moreover, we adopt the autoregressive distributed lag model of cointegration where we find evidence of a long‐run positive relationship between positive private investment and real exchange rate uncertainty as well as trade openness. The short‐run evidence provides a confirmation of the impact of inflation, trade, and real exchange rate uncertainty on private investment. Specifically, our results show that there is a positive pass‐through effect from real exchange rate uncertainty to private investment decision in resource allocation. Shocks from lending rate and terms of trade were found to exhibit negative effects on private investment in the short and long run. As a matter of policy, it is imperative for policymakers in developing economies to consider the effect of exchange rate and terms of trade associated with bilateral trade and investment‐related agreements to minimize the effects of contemporaneous shocks from uncertainties.
Effects of Intermittent Administration of Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone‐Related Protein on Fracture Healing: A Narrative Review of Animal and Human Studies
Authors: Yamashita Junro , McCauley Laurie K 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTIntermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates skeletal remodeling and is a potent anabolic agent in bone. PTH‐related protein (PTHrP) is anabolic acting on the same PTH1 receptor and is in therapeutic use for osteoporosis. The body of literature for PTH actions in fracture healing is emerging with promising yet not entirely consistent results. The objective of this review was to perform a literature analysis to extract up‐to‐date knowledge on the effects of intermittent PTH and PTHrP therapy in bone fracture healing. A literature search of the PubMed database was performed. Clinical case studies and articles related to “regeneration,” “implant,” and “distraction osteogenesis” were excluded. A narrative review was performed to deliberate the therapeutic potential of intermittent PTH administration on fracture healing. A smaller number of studies centered on the use of PTHrP or a PTHrP analog were also reviewed. Animal studies clearly show that intermittent PTH therapy promotes fracture healing and revealed the strong therapeutic potential of PTH. Human subject studies were fewer and not as consistent as the animal studies yet provide insight into the potential of intermittent PTH administration on fracture healing. Differences in outcomes for animal and human studies appear to be attributed partly to variable doses, fracture sites, age, remodeling patterns, and bone architectures, although other factors are involved. Future studies to examine the dose, timing, and duration of PTH administration will be necessary to further delineate the therapeutic potential of PTH for fracture healing in humans. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Lactate Efflux From Intervertebral Disc Cells Is Required for Maintenance of Spine Health
Authors: Silagi Elizabeth S , Novais Emanuel J , Bisetto Sara , Telonis Aristeidis G , Snuggs Joseph , Le Maitre Christine L , Qiu Yunping , Kurland Irwin J , Shapiro Irving M , Philp Nancy J , Risbud Makarand V 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Maintenance of glycolytic metabolism is postulated to be required for health of the spinal column. In the hypoxic tissues of the intervertebral disc and glycolytic cells of vertebral bone, glucose is metabolized into pyruvate for ATP generation and reduced to lactate to sustain redox balance. The rise in intracellular H+/lactate concentrations are balanced by plasma-membrane monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). Using MCT4 null mice and human tissue samples, complemented with genetic and metabolic approaches, we determine that H+/lactate efflux is critical for maintenance of disc and vertebral bone health. Mechanistically, MCT4 maintains glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux and intracellular pH homeostasis in the nucleus pulposus compartment of the disc, where hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) directly activates an intronic enhancer in SLC16A3. Ultimately, our results provide support for research into lactate as a diagnostic biomarker for chronic, painful, disc degeneration. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Back Pain-Inducing Test, a Novel and Sensitive Screening Test for Painful Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Jin Huaijian , Ma Xiaoyuan , Liu Yaoyao , Yin Xiang , Zhu Jun , Wang Zhong , Fan Weili , Jin Yufei , Pu Jungang , Zhao Jianhua , Liu Mingyong , Liu Peng 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
To detect painful vertebral fractures (VFs) in back pain populations at risk of osteoporosis, we designed a physical examination test (the Back Pain-Inducing Test [BPIT]) that included three movements: lying supine, rolling over, and sitting up. If back pain is induced during any of these movements, the result is defined as positive, thereby establishing a presumptive diagnosis of painful VFs. Pain severity is quantified using a self-reported numerical rating scale (NRS). The presence or absence of painful VFs is verified by whole-spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the gold standard for final diagnosis. According to the standards for reporting diagnostic accuracy, a real-world, prospective, and observational study was performed on 510 back pain patients (enrolled from a single institute) at risk of osteoporosis. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the BPIT for identifying painful VFs were 99.1% (95% CI, 97.5% to 99.8%), 67.9% (95% CI, 60.4% to 74.5%), and 89.0%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 86.6% (95% CI, 82.9% to 89.6%) and 97.4% (95% CI, 92.6% to 99.3%), respectively. Cutoff NRS scores for lying supine, rolling over, and sitting up were 3, 0, and 2, respectively. The corresponding area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of each movement was 0.898 (95% CI, 0.868 to 0.922), 0.884 (95% CI, 0.854 to 0.911), and 0.910 (95% CI, 0.882 to 0.933), respectively. Although the high prevalence of VFs in the enrolled cohort partially limits the external validity of the predictive value in the general population, we conclude that the BPIT is potentially effective for detecting painful VFs in back pain populations at risk of osteoporosis. This test may be used as a stratification tool in decision-making on subsequent imaging procedures: a negative BPIT rules out painful VFs and indicates that an MRI should be spared, whereas a positive BPIT means that an MRI is necessary and is likely to identify painful VFs. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
SNHG1/miR‐556‐5p/TCF12 feedback loop enhances the tumorigenesis of meningioma through Wnt signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Yubing , Yu Runze , Li Qingsong , Li Yong , Xuan Tao , Cao Shen , Zheng Jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMeningioma, as a sort of the malignantly intracranial tumors, has captured public attention for its second‐highest morbidity all over the world. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), including lncRNA SNHG1, have been well known as essential players in the development of diverse cancers. However, the biological effect and regulatory mechanism of SNHG1 have not been mentioned in meningioma. In this work, it was discovered that SNHG1 was overexpressed in meningioma cell lines. SNHG1 deficiency restrained cell growth as well as accelerated apoptosis. Then mechanism experiments demonstrated that SNHG1 functioned as the role of sponging miR‐556‐5p and negatively regulated miR‐556‐5p expression. Moreover, it was verified that TCF12 is the direct downstream target of miR‐556‐5p. Furthermore, SNHG1/miR‐556‐5p/TCF12 axis promoted cell proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis in meningioma via activating the Wnt signaling pathway. In the end, it was confirmed that TCF12 expression was positively regulated by SNHG1, and TCF12 could promote transcription of SNHG1 through binding with the promoter region of SNHG1. In conclusion, the SNHG1/miR‐556‐5p/TCF12 feedback loop promotes the tumorigenesis of meningioma through the Wnt signaling pathway.