bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Klasifikasi Kematangan Buah Tomat Dengan Variasi Model Warna Menggunakan Support Vector Machine
Authors: Astrianda Nica 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Tomato ripeness classification has been done manually through direct visual observation. However, manual classification is highly influenced by operator subjectivity so that on certain conditions, the classification process is not consistent. The development of information technology allows the identification of the ripeness level of tomatoes based on the characteristics of color with the help of computers. In this study Tomato fruit is classified by histogram color image input obtained from the capture result. This is done by changing all the colors in the image of the RGB color model (Red, Green, Blue) into several different color models ie HSV color model (Hue, Saturation, Value), CIElab color model and YCBCR color model. The obtained color model will be used as training data using SVM (Support Vector Machine) so that the system is able to classify the ripeness of tomato fruit later. The image processing process of this research is done using matlab. After being analyzed manually using 20 data as training, 54 data as data testing got success rate classification of tomato fruit ripeness using Support Vector Machine is 100% by using CIElab color model.

Keywords:
Support Vector Machine; CIElab; HSV; YCbCr; Ripeness of Tomato
____________________________

Abstrak
Klasifikasi kematangan tomat telah dilakukan secara manual melalui pengamatan visual langsung. Namun, klasifikasi manual sangat dipengaruhi oleh subjektivitas operator sehingga pada kondisi tertentu, proses klasifikasi tidak konsisten. Perkembangan teknologi informasi memungkinkan identifikasi tingkat kematangan tomat berdasarkan karakteristik warna dengan bantuan komputer. Dalam penelitian ini buah tomat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan input gambar berwarna histogram yang diperoleh dari hasil tangkapan. Hal ini dilakukan dengan mengubah semua warna pada gambar model warna RGB (Red, Green, Blue) menjadi beberapa model warna yang berbeda yaitu model warna HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value), model warna CIElab dan model warna YCBCR. Model warna yang diperoleh akan digunakan sebagai data pelatihan menggunakan SVM (Support Vector Machine) sehingga sistem mampu mengklasifikasikan kematangan buah tomat. Proses pengolahan citra pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan matlab. Setelah dianalisis secara manual menggunakan 20 data sebagai data pelatihan, 54 data sebagai data pengujian mendapatkan klasifikasi tingkat keberhasilan kematangan buah tomat menggunakan Support Vector Machine adalah 100% dengan menggunakan model warna CIElab.

Kata Kunci:
Support Vector Machine; CIElab; HSV; YCbCr; Kematangan Tomat.
__________________________
Into the UV: A Precise Transmission Spectrum of HAT-P-41b Using Hubble’s WFC3/UVIS G280 Grism
Authors: Wakeford H. R. , Sing D. K. , Stevenson K. B. , Lewis N. K. , Pirzkal N. , Wilson T. J. , Goyal J. , Kataria T. , Mikal-Evans T. , Nikolov N. , Spake J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The ultraviolet–visible wavelength range holds critical spectral diagnostics for the chemistry and physics at work in planetary atmospheres. To date, time-series studies of exoplanets to characterize their atmospheres have relied on several combinations of modes on the Hubble
Space Telescope’s STIS/COS instruments to access this wavelength regime. Here for the first time, we apply the Hubble WFC3/UVIS G280 grism mode to obtain exoplanet spectroscopy from 200 to 800 nm in a single observation. We test the G280 grism mode on the hot Jupiter HAT-P-41b over two consecutive transits to determine its viability for the characterization of exoplanet atmospheres. We obtain a broadband transit depth precision of 29–33 ppm and a precision of on average 200 ppm in 10 nm spectroscopic bins. Spectral information from the G280 grism can be extracted from both the positive and negative first-order spectra, resulting in a 60% increase in the measurable flux. Additionally, the first Hubble Space Telescope orbit can be fully utilized in the time-series analysis. We present detailed extraction and reduction methods for use by future investigations with this mode, testing multiple techniques. We find the results to be fully consistent with STIS measurements of HAT-P-41b from 310 to 800 nm, with the G280 results representing a more observationally efficient and precise spectrum. HAT-P-41b’s transmission spectrum is best fit with a model with T
eq = 2091 K, high metallicity, and significant scattering and cloud opacity. With these first-of-their-kind observations, we demonstrate that WFC3/UVIS G280 is a powerful new tool to obtain UV–optical spectra of exoplanet atmospheres, adding to the UV legacy of Hubble and complementing future observations with the James Webb Space Telescope.
Transit Duration Variations in Multiplanet Systems
Authors: Boley Aaron C. , Van Laerhoven Christa , Granados Contreras A. P. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A planet’s orbital orientation relative to an observer’s line of sight determines the chord length for a transiting planet, i.e., the projected distance a transiting planet travels across the stellar disk. For a given circular orbit, the chord length determines the transit duration. Changes in the orbital inclination, the longitude of ascending node, or both, can alter this chord length and thus result in transit duration variations (TDVs). Variation of the full orbital inclination vector can even lead to de-transiting or newly transiting planets for a system. We use Laplace-Lagrange secular theory to estimate the fastest nodal eigenfrequencies for over 100 short-period planetary systems. The highest eigenfrequency is an indicator of which systems should show the strongest TDVs. We further explore five cases (TRAPPIST-1, Kepler-11, K2-138, Kepler-445, and Kepler-334) using direct N-body simulations to characterize possible TDVs and to explore whether de-transiting planets might be possible for these systems. A range of initial conditions are explored, in which each realization is consistent with the observed transits. We find that tens of percent of multiplanet systems have fast enough eigenfrequencies to expect large TDVs on decade timescales. For the directly integrated cases, we find that de-transiting planets might occur on decade timescales, and TDVs of 10 minutes per decade are expected to be common.
Studying the Reflection Spectra of the New Black Hole X-Ray Binary Candidate MAXI J1631−479 Observed by NuSTAR: A Variable Broad Iron Line Profile
Authors: Xu Yanjun , Harrison Fiona A. , Tomsick John A. , Walton Dominic J. , Barret Didier , García Javier A. , Hare Jeremy , Parker Michael L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We present results from the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array observations of the new black hole X-ray binary candidate MAXI J1631–479 at two epochs during its 2018–2019 outburst, which caught the source in a disk dominant state and a power-law dominant state. Strong relativistic disk reflection features are clearly detected, displaying significant variations in the shape and strength of the broad iron emission line between the two states. Spectral modeling of the reflection spectra reveals that the inner radius of the optically thick accretion disk evolves from <1.9

to 12 ± 1 r
g (statistical errors at 90% confidence level) from the disk dominant to the power-law dominant state. Assuming in the former case that the inner disk radius is consistent with being at the innermost stable circular orbit, we estimate a black hole spin of a* > 0.94. Given that the bolometric luminosity is similar in the two states, our results indicate that the disk truncation observed in MAXI J1631–479 in the power-law dominant state is unlikely to be driven by a global variation in the accretion rate. We propose that it may instead arise from local instabilities in the inner edge of the accretion disk at high accretion rates. In addition, we find an absorption feature in the spectra centered at 7.33 ± 0.03 keV during the disk dominant state, which is evidence for the rare case that an extremely fast disk wind (

) is observed in a low-inclination black hole binary, with the viewing angle of 29° ± 1° as determined by the reflection modeling.
Constraining the Dense Matter Equation of State with Joint Analysis of NICER and LIGO/Virgo Measurements
Authors: Raaijmakers G. , Greif S. K. , Riley T. E. , Hinderer T. , Hebeler K. , Schwenk A. , Watts A. L. , Nissanke S. , Guillot S. , Lattimer J. M. , Ludlam R. M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer collaboration recently published a joint estimate of the mass and the radius of PSR J0030+0451, derived via X-ray pulse-profile modeling. Raaijmakers et al. explored the implications of this measurement for the dense matter equation of state (EOS) using two parameterizations of the high-density EOS: a piecewise-polytropic model, and a model based on the speed of sound in neutron stars (NSs). In this work we obtain further constraints on the EOS following this approach, but we also include information about the tidal deformability of NSs from the gravitational wave signal of the compact binary merger GW170817. We compare the constraints on the EOS to those set by the recent measurement of a 2.14 M
⊙ pulsar, included as a likelihood function approximated by a Gaussian, and find a small increase in information gain. To show the flexibility of our method, we also explore the possibility that GW170817 was a NS–black hole merger, which yields weaker constraints on the EOS.
Proton Synchrotron Gamma-Rays and the Energy Crisis in Blazars
Authors: Liodakis Ioannis , Petropoulou Maria 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The origin of high-energy emission in blazars jets (i.e., leptonic versus hadronic) has been a longstanding matter of debate. Here, we focus on one variant of hadronic models where proton synchrotron radiation accounts for the observed steady γ-ray blazar emission. Using analytical methods, we derive the minimum jet power (

) for the largest blazar sample analyzed to date (145 sources), taking into account uncertainties of observables and jet’s physical parameters. We compare

against three characteristic energy estimators for accreting systems, i.e., the Eddington luminosity, the accretion disk luminosity, and the power of the Blandford–Znajek process, and find that

is about 2 orders of magnitude higher than all energetic estimators for the majority of our sample. The derived magnetic field strengths in the emission region require either large amplification of the jet’s magnetic field (factor of 30) or place the γ-ray production site at sub-pc scales. The expected neutrino emission peaks at ∼0.1–10 EeV, with typical peak neutrino fluxes ∼10−4 times lower than the peak γ-ray fluxes. We conclude that if relativistic hadrons are present in blazar jets, they can only produce a radiatively subdominant component of the overall spectral energy distribution of the blazar’s steady emission.
A transnational cooperation for sustainable use and management of non-native trees in urban, peri-urban and forest ecosystems in the Alpine region (ALPTREES)
Authors: Lapin Katharina , Bindewald Anja , Kraxner Florian , Marinšek Aleksander , La Porta Nicola , Hazarika Reneema , Chakraborty Debojyoti , Oettel Janine , Berger Frederic , Detry Patricia , Kolesaric Gordana , Baric Darja , Abluton Sonia , Ulrici Giovanna , Georges Isabel , Schweinzer Karl Manfred , Schüler Silvio 
Published: April 2020

The expected benefits and potential risks of non-native tree species (NNT) to European geographic regions have polarized the opinions of experts and citizens. Benefits include climate change (CC) mitigation and adaptation, contributions to bioeconomy, urban and peri-urban green infrastructure and mitigation of natural hazards. However, NNT may become invasive and thus may pose risks to native biodiversity, ecosystem functioning or socio-economy. In critical and vulnerable ecosystems such as the Alpine Space (AS), such risks and benefits must be carefully considered before management decisions are made. Experiences in the management of NNT in urban areas, peri-urban, rural territories and forests are often region- or city-specific and rarely shared. Given the challenges in NNT management with respect to both benefits and risks, an European transnational approach is needed to qualify the role of NNT in future AS ecosystems. The objective is to provide a transnational strategy for a responsible use and sustainable management of NNT in the AS with the help of an integrated Decision Support System. The project fits within the context of national and regional site-derived policy aiming at protecting and enhancing biodiversity to ensure ecological connectivity and cultural resources while maintaining a high level of resilience and ecosystem services across the AS. Implementation activities of the ALPTREES project include

developing a comprehensive database on NNT,

projecting the current and potential distribution of NNT in the AS under CC scenarios

determining their invasive potential and

analyzing the different ecosystem services provided by NNT to assess the tradeoffs between risks and benefits.

developing a comprehensive database on NNT,
projecting the current and potential distribution of NNT in the AS under CC scenarios
determining their invasive potential and
analyzing the different ecosystem services provided by NNT to assess the tradeoffs between risks and benefits.
ALPTREES will formulate management recommendations for NNT under different climate and economic scenarios based on experience from sample plots combined with model projections, citizen science, and multiple stakeholder meetings. With the help of policy briefs, a handbook of lessons learned, transnational pilot actions for best management practices, and an inter-active online Decision Support System a close stakeholder interaction and -benefit will be ensured Another innovative output of the project is the Open ALPTREES Knowledge Hub, that will support the transnational and interdisciplinary knowledge transfer.
Modelling the tri-trophic population dynamics of a host crop (Triticum aestivum; Poaceae), a major pest insect (Sitodiplosis mosellana; Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), and a parasitoid of the pest species (Macroglenes penetrans; Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): a cohort-based approach incorporating the effects of weather
Authors: Olfert O. , Weiss R.M. , Vankosky M. , Hartley S. , Doane J.F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper describes a tri-trophic analysis of the ecological dynamics of a crop, an insect pest, and a natural enemy of the insect pest. Worldwide wheat (Triticum Linnaeus) (Poaceae) production in 2018–2019 was estimated at over 700 million metric tons in 2018–2019. Wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a serious insect pest of wheat, is widely distributed in many parts of the world where wheat production occurs. Macroglenes penetrans (Kirby) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a parasitoid of S. mosellana, has successfully established in most wheat midge-infested areas. Mechanistic, or process-based, population models were used in this study to assess the interactive population dynamics of the three species, based on their respective life cycles and meteorological factors. The models were validated with survey data from multiple sites over numerous years (1991–2016). These simulation models helped to detail our understanding of the tri-trophic population dynamics and will help guide pest management decisions both prior to the growing season and until wheat heading, when wheat is no longer susceptible to S. mosellana. The associated models also help identify gaps in system knowledge, provide a foundation for evaluating future innovative management options, and evaluate the potential impact of a changing climate.
Understanding the design rules for a nonintrusive, textile, heart rate monitoring system
Authors: Hughes-Riley Theodore , Hill-Casey Fraser , Oliveira Carlos , Shahidi Arash , Hurley William , Dias Tilak 
Published: April 2020

Background and Objectives:
Nonintrusive heart rate (HR) monitoring can be a useful tool for health monitoring. By creating capacitively coupled textile electrodes, a comfortable monitoring system can be integrated into seating or bedding that can monitor HR through clothing. This work empirically studied two factors for a system of this type: the electrode size and the material worn by the subject.

Materials and Methods:
HR measurements were taken using six different sizes of the rectangular textile electrode with four subjects and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the signals were analyzed. A further set of experiments were conducted with a single subject and a fixed electrode size where different materials were worn.

Results:
Electrode size was seen to have a statistically insignificant effect on the collected signal quality. The SNR was also largely unaffected by the worn material type.

Conclusion:
This study provided empirical data relating to two important factors for nonintrusive, textile, and HR monitoring systems. This data will be helpful for designing a seat-based HR monitoring system or to understand the operational limitations of a system of this type.
Knowledge, attitude, and willingness to use and pay for smartphone applications for physical activity among pregnant women
Authors: Mbada Chidozie Emmanuel , Omole Oluwaseun Olayinka , Igwe Chizoba Favour , Olakorede David Bamidele , Fatoye Clara Toyin , Akinwande Olabisi Aderonke , Sanuade Comfort Titilope , Odole Adesola Christiana , Fatoye Francis 
Published: April 2020

Background:
A decline in physical activity (PA) during pregnancy, despite its benefits to the mother and fetus, invites concerns for innovative platforms for its implementation. This cross-sectional study assessed knowledge, attitude, and “willingness to use” and “willingness to pay” for smartphone applications (apps) for PA.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 196 consenting pregnant women participated in this study. Eligible respondents were pregnant women who were 18 years and older, on at least a second antenatal visit and uses a mobile phone. Three purposively selected antenatal care facilities were surveyed. A self-developed questionnaire pilot tested for face and content validity was used as the research tool.

Results:
The mean age of the respondents was 27.5 ± 3.42 years, and 52% of them were occasionally engaged in PA. The point prevalence for smartphone use for general purpose and the usability rate of smartphone app were 72.4% and 84.2%, respectively. The rates for willingness to use PA apps for pregnancy and willingness to pay for the apps were 64.3% and 63.8%, respectively. There was a significant association between the attitude of respondents toward smartphone apps use for PA and number of parity (χ
2 = 7.119; P = 0.028). There was no significant association between knowledge of the use of smartphone apps for PA in pregnancy and each of the educational qualification (χ
2 = 13.046; P = 0.523), income (χ
2 = 11.086; P = 0.679), age (χ
2 = 4.552; P = 0.804), gravidity status (χ
2 = 5.302; P = 0.506), and number of parity (χ
2 = 1.878; P = 0.758).

Conclusion:
Nigerian pregnant women have good knowledge, positive attitude, and willingness to use smartphone apps for PA in pregnancy. There was a significant association between the number of parity and each of the attitude and knowledge of the use of smartphone apps for PA.
Detection of coronaviruses in Pteropus & Rousettus species of bats from different States of India
Authors: Yadav Pragya D. , Shete-Aich Anita , Nyayanit Dimpal A. , Pardeshi Prachi , Majumdar Triparna , Balasubramanian R. , Ullas Padinjaremattathil Thankappan , Mohandas Sreelekshmy , Dighe Hitesh , Sawant Pradeep , Patil Savita , Patil Dilip , Gokhale M.D. , Mathapati Basavaraj , Sudeep A.B. , Baradkar Sreekant , Kumar Abhimanyu , Kharde Rutuja , Salve Malvika , Joshi Yash , Gupta Nivedita , Mourya Devendra T. 
Published: April 2020

Background & objectives:
Bats are considered to be the natural reservoir for many viruses, of which some are potential human pathogens. In India, an association of Pteropus medius bats with the Nipah virus was reported in the past. It is suspected that the recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) also has its association with bats. To assess the presence of CoVs in bats, we performed identification and characterization of bat CoV (BtCoV) in P. medius and Rousettus species from representative States in India, collected during 2018 and 2019.

Methods:
Representative rectal swab (RS) and throat swab specimens of Pteropus and Rousettus spp. bats were screened for CoVs using a pan-CoV reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. A single-step RT-PCR was performed on the RNA extracted from the bat specimens. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on a few representative bat specimens that were tested positive. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on the partial sequences of RdRp gene sequences retrieved from both the bat species and complete viral genomes recovered from Rousettus spp.

Results:
Bat samples from the seven States were screened, and the RS specimens of eight Rousettus spp. and 21 Pteropus spp. were found positive for CoV RdRp gene. Among these, by Sanger sequencing, partial RdRp sequences could be retrieved from three Rousettus and eight Pteropus bat specimens. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial RdRp region demonstrated distinct subclustering of the BtCoV sequences retrieved from these Rousettus and Pteropus spp. bats. NGS led to the recovery of four sequences covering approximately 94.3 per cent of the whole genome of the BtCoVs from Rousettus bats. Three BtCoV sequences had 93.69 per cent identity to CoV BtRt-BetaCoV/GX2018. The fourth BtCoV sequence was 96.8 per cent identical to BtCoV HKU9-1.

Interpretation & conclusions:
This study was a step towards understanding the CoV circulation in Indian bats. Detection of potentially pathogenic CoVs in Indian bats stresses the need for enhanced screening for novel viruses in them. One Health approach with collaborative activities by the animal health and human health sectors in these surveillance activities shall be of use to public health. This would help in the development of diagnostic assays for novel viruses with outbreak potential and be useful in disease interventions. Proactive surveillance remains crucial for identifying the emerging novel viruses with epidemic potential and measures for risk mitigation.
Saberes dos enfermeiros sobre prevenção de infecção do sítio cirúrgico
Authors: De Souza Karolayne Vieira , Serrano Solange Queiroga 
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Conhecer as experiências de enfermeiros sobre suas práticas na prevenção de infecção do sítio cirúrgico (ISC). Método: Estudo exploratório e qualitativo com enfermeiros da clínica cirúrgica geral de um hospital público do nordeste brasileiro. Entre dezembro de 2018 e janeiro de 2019, realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada, gravada em áudio digital, com duração média de 20 minutos, para coleta de dados. Os depoimentos transcritos foram avaliados pela técnica de análise do discurso do sujeito coletivo. Resultados: Participaram nove enfermeiros, a maioria do sexo feminino, com idade média de 40,9 anos. Elencaram-se as seguintes categorias temáticas: medidas de prevenção contra ISC; assistência de enfermagem adequada na prevenção de ISC; equipe de enfermagem capacitada; adequadas condições de trabalho e de materiais; e treinamento contínuo. Conclusão: Observou-se preocupação em minimizar os riscos de ISC de pacientes por meio da adoção de ações preventivas, como lavagem das mãos, uso de equipamentos de proteção individual, troca de curativos diários com técnica asséptica, além do uso de insumos adequados, conhecimento técnico-científico harmonioso e estímulo do relacionamento eficaz entre a equipe.