bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 meta-interactome suggests disease-specific, autoimmune pathophysiologies and therapeutic targets
Authors: Bellucci Gianmarco , Ballerini Chiara , Mechelli Rosella , Bigi Rachele , Rinaldi Virginia , Reniè Roberta , Buscarinu Maria Chiara , Baranzini Sergio E. , Madireddy Lohith , Matarese Giuseppe , Salvetti Marco , Ristori Giovanni 
Published: August 2020

Background: Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with multiple comorbidities and is characterized by an auto-aggressive inflammatory state leading to massive collateral damage. To identify preventive and therapeutic strategies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is important to ascertain the molecular interactions between virus and host, and how they translate into disease pathophysiology. Methods: We matched virus-human protein interactions of human coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses with lists of genes associated with autoimmune diseases and comorbidities associated to worse COVID-19 course. We then selected the genes included in the statistically significant intersection between SARS-CoV-2 network and disease associated gene sets, identifying a meta-interactome. We analyzed the meta-interactome genes expression in samples derived from lungs of infected humans, and their regulation by IFN-β. Finally, we performed a drug repurposing screening to target the network’s most critical nodes. Results: We found a significant enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 interactors in immunological pathways and a strong association with autoimmunity and three prognostically relevant conditions (type 2 diabetes, coronary artery diseases, asthma), that present more independent physiopathological subnetworks. We observed a reduced expression of meta-interactome genes in human lungs after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a regulatory potential of type I interferons. We also underscored multiple repurposable drugs to tailor the therapeutic strategies. Conclusions: Our data underscored a plausible genetic background that may contribute to the distinct observed pathophysiologies of severe COVID-19. Also, these results may help identify the most promising therapeutic targets and treatments for this condition.
Family carers’ perspectives of the Alzheimer Café in Ireland
Authors: Teahan Áine , Fitzgerald Christine , O'Shea Eamon 
Published: August 2020

Background:The Alzheimer Café is a psychosocial intervention shown to have benefits for family carers of people with dementia. Family carers experience a period of change across all aspects of their lives following the dementia diagnosis, and require new skills and tools to navigate these new landscapes. The objective of this research was to investigate family carers’ perspectives of the Alzheimer Café in Ireland, and explore how attendance may translate into broader benefits in their lives. This paper also provides an overview of Alzheimer Café models, which exist internationally.Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine family carers of people with dementia who were currently attending or had attended an Alzheimer Café in the preceding six months. The research was conducted in three Alzheimer Cafés in Ireland. Data analysis was conducted using Braun and Clarke’s six step thematic analysis framework.Results:Community, atmosphere, activity and information were described as core features of the Alzheimer Café in Ireland. The Alzheimer Café was described as a community with a good atmosphere encompassing emotional support, friendship, equality and inclusion. Family carer also highlighted Alzheimer Cafés could potentially facilitate wider community awareness and engagement. The Alzheimer Café was shown to provide an activity which facilitated relationship building within care dyads as well as with other attendees. Several information streams were identified, including guest speaker input, attendees’ shared experiences, and specific advice from healthcare professionals.Conclusion:The Alzheimer Café offers strong personal support to family carers of people with dementia. Our findings suggest that Alzheimer Cafés can build family carers’ capacity to manage new social, environmental and cultural challenges associated with dementia. While it is important the Alzheimer Café is enjoyable, has useful information and is supportive, it is equally important that these features generate sustained improvements for family carers external to the Alzheimer Café.
Half a Century of Wilson & Jungner: Reflections on the Governance of Population Screening
Authors: Sturdy Steve , Miller Fiona , Hogarth Stuart , Armstrong Natalie , Chakraborty Pranesh , Cressman Celine , Dobrow Mark , Flitcroft Kathy , Grossman David , Harris Russell , Hoebee Barbara , Holloway Kelly , Kinsinger Linda , Krag Marlene , Löblová Olga , Löwy Ilana , Mackie Anne , Marshall John , O'Hallahan Jane , Rabeneck Linda , Raffle Angela , Reid Lynette , Shortland Graham , Steele Robert , Tarini Beth , Taylor-Phillips Sian , Towler Bernie , van der Veen Nynke , Zappa Marco 
Published: August 2020

Background: In their landmark report on the “Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease” (1968), Wilson and Jungner noted that the practice of screening is just as important for securing beneficial outcomes and avoiding harms as the formulation of principles. Many jurisdictions have since established various kinds of “screening governance organizations” to provide oversight of screening practice. Yet to date there has been relatively little reflection on the nature and organization of screening governance itself, or on how different governance arrangements affect the way screening is implemented and perceived and the balance of benefits and harms it delivers. Methods: An international expert policy workshop convened by Sturdy, Miller and Hogarth. Results: While effective governance is essential to promote beneficial screening practices and avoid attendant harms, screening governance organizations face enduring challenges. These challenges are social and ethical as much as technical. Evidence-based adjudication of the benefits and harms of population screening must take account of factors that inform the production and interpretation of evidence, including the divergent professional, financial and personal commitments of stakeholders. Similarly, when planning and overseeing organized screening programs, screening governance organizations must persuade or compel multiple stakeholders to work together to a common end. Screening governance organizations in different jurisdictions vary widely in how they are constituted, how they relate to other interested organizations and actors, and what powers and authority they wield. Yet we know little about how these differences affect the way screening is implemented, and with what consequences. Conclusions: Systematic research into how screening governance is organized in different jurisdictions would facilitate policy learning to address enduring challenges. Even without such research, informal exchange and sharing of experiences between screening governance organizations can deliver invaluable insights into the social as well as the technical aspects of governance.
Diabetic foot ulcer management in a multidisciplinary foot centre: one-year healing, amputation and mortality rate
Authors: Ha Van Georges , Amouyal Chloe , Bourron Olivier , Aubert Carole , Carlier Aurelie , Mosbah Helene , Fourniols Eric , Cluzel Philippe , Couture Thibault , Hartemann Agnes 
Published: August 2020

Objective:To describe the rates of healing, major amputation and mortality after 12 months in patients with a new diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and their care in a French diabetic foot service (DFS).Method:A prospective single-centre study including patients from March 2009 to December 2010. The length of time to healing, minor amputation, major amputation and mortality rate after inclusion were analysed using the Kaplan–Meier method.Results:Some 347 patients were included (3% lost to follow-up), with a median follow-up (IQR) of 19 (12–24) months. The mean (SD) age was 65±12 years, 68% were male, and the median duration of the ulcer was 49 (19–120) days. Complications of the DFU were ischaemia (70%), infection (55%) and osteomyelitis (47%). Of the patients, 50% were inpatients in the DFS at inclusion (median duration of hospitalisation 26 (15–41) days). The rate of healing at one year was 67% (95% confidence interval (CI): 61–72); of major amputation 10% (95% CI: 7–17); of minor amputation 19% (95% CI: 14–25), and the death rate was 9% (95% CI: 7–13). Using an adjusted hazard ratio, the predictive factors of healing were perfusion and the area of the wound. The risk factors for a major amputation were active smoking and osteomyelitis. The risk factors for mortality were perfusion and age.Conclusion:This study confirms the need to treat DFUs rapidly, in a multidisciplinary DFS.
Clinical evaluation with long-term follow-up of patients with pressure ulcers in one Swedish county
Authors: Öien Rut Frank , Wickström Hanna , Åkesson Nina , Selan Suzana , Söderlundh Linda 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To conduct a screening, skin examination and risk assessment of patients with pressure ulcers (PUs) in one Swedish county (inpatient, primary and community care) with follow-up after six months to investigate ulcer healing, frequency of amputation and mortality rate linked to preventive measures. Method: The methodology recommended by the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel was used. Screening, risk assessment and skin examination were performed during March 2017. The modified Norton scale was used to assess PU risk, with a score of ≤20 indicating presence of risk. A research questionnaire was used to document prevention and treatment. Follow-up was performed after six months, during September 2017. The same research questionnaire was used to capture the current situation of the patients, including ulcer healing, frequency of amputation, and mortality rate. Results: Screening covered 464 patients: 303 hospitalised, 68 in community care, and 93 in primary care. A total of 110 patients—55 at risk of PU and 55 with PUs, the majority of which were category 2–4 PUs—were included in the study. At follow-up, 67% were treated in community care, 32% in primary care, and 1% in hospital. Mortality rate for patients with PUs was 44%. Of the remaining 31 patients, 17 had unhealed PUs, 10 had healed PUs, two had undergone amputation, and complete follow-up data was missing in the remaining two patients. Conclusion: These results reflect the complex situation of an aged and frail patient group, including a lack of preventive measures and follow-up routines in community and primary care.
Pain and analgaesics in patients with hard-to-heal ulcers: using telemedicine or standard consultations
Authors: Wickström Hanna , Öien Rut F , Midlöv Patrik , Anderberg Peter , Fagerström Cecilia 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To compare consultations carried out via video with those performed in person for patients with painful, hard-to-heal ulcers, with a focus on ulcer pain and pain treatment. A further aim was to investigate predictors for pain and pain treatment. Method: This was a register-based, quasi-experimental study based on data from the Swedish Registry of Ulcer Treatment (RUT). A total of 100 patients with hard-to-heal ulcers diagnosed via video consultation were compared with 1888 patients diagnosed in person with regard to pain assessment, intensity and treatment. Ulcer pain intensity was assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS). Normally distributed variables (age, VAS) were compared between consultation groups using Student's t-test. Non-normally distributed variables (ulcer size, ulcer duration) were compared using the Mann–Whitney U-test, except for healing time, which was analysed with a log-rank test. Categorical variables (gender, ulcer aetiology and prescribed analgesics) were compared using Pearson's chi-square test (χ2). A p value of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Predictors for pain and pain treatment were analysed in multiple regression analyses. Results: The results showed a high presence of pain; 71% of patients with pain reported severe ulcer pain. There was no significant difference in ability to assess pain by VAS in the group diagnosed via video consultation (90%) compared with the group diagnosed in person (86%) (χ2, p=0.233). A significantly higher amount of prescribed analgesics was found for patients diagnosed via video (84%) compared with patients diagnosed by in-person assessment (68%) (χ2, p=0.044). Predictors for high-intensity pain were female gender or ulcers due to inflammatory vessel disease, while the predictors for receiving analgesics were older age, longer healing time and being diagnosed via video consultation. Conclusion: To identify, assess and treat ulcer pain is equally possible via video as by in-person consultation. The results of this study confirm that patients with hard-to-heal ulcers suffer from high-intensity ulcer pain, with a discrepancy between pain and pain relief. Further well-designed randomised controlled studies are necessary to understand how best to deploy telemedicine in ulcer pain treatment.
Severe Clostridium difficile colitis as potential late complication associated with COVID-19
Authors: Páramo-Zunzunegui J , Ortega-Fernández I , Calvo-Espino P , Diego-Hernández C , Ariza-Ibarra I , Otazu-Canals L , Danés-Grases JE , Menchero-Sánchez A 
Published: August 2020

Spain has been one of the most affected countries by the COVID-19 outbreak. After the high impact of the pandemic, a wide clinical spectrum of late complications associated with COVID-19 are being observed. We report a case of a severe Clostridium difficile colitis in a post-treatment and recovered COVID-19 patient. A 64-year-woman with a one-month hospital admission for severe bilateral pneumonia associated with COVID-19 and 10 days after discharge presented with diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Severe C. difficile-associated colitis is diagnosed according to clinical features and CT findings. An urgent pancolectomy was performed due to her bad response to conservative treatment. Later evolution slowly improved to recovery. C. difficile-associated colitis is one of the most common hospital-acquired infections. Significant patient-related risk factors for C. difficile infection are antibiotic exposure, older age, and hospitalisation. Initial therapeutic recommendations in our country included administration broad-spectrum antibiotics to all patients with bilateral pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2. These antibiotics are strongly associated with C. difficile infection. Our patient developed a serious complication of C. difficile due to the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The appearance of late digestive symptoms in patients diagnosed and treated for COVID-19 should alert clinicians to the possibility of C. difficile infection. The updated criteria for severe colitis and severe C. difficile infection should be considered to ensure an early effective treatment for the complication.
Dise˜no Conceptual de una Planta de Extracci´on de Saponinas Presentes en el Jugo de Fique
Authors: Vélez Salazar Yesid Hernán , Velásquez Flórez Mario Alonso 
Published: August 2020

Contexto: Las saponinas corresponden a un grupo de mol´eculas con aplicabilidad industrial, especialmente para el sector alimenticio como estabilizante de espuma en bebidas gaseosas. En el per´ıodo comprendido entre el 2013 y 2017, su mercado increment´o aproximadamente un 50 %, convirti´endose en un sector econ´omico importante que ha promovido un marcado inter´es en la optimizaci´on de diversos procesos de extracci´on desde diferentes fuentes naturales.
M´etodo: Se realiz´o una revisi´on bibliogr´afica evaluando aplicabilidad, extracci´on y aspectos econ´omicos de las saponinas a nivel mundial. Se realiz´o el dise˜no conceptual de una planta piloto para la extracci´on de saponinas de jugo de fique con base en los resultados obtenidos del an´alisis de una matriz de decisi´on.
Resultados: Una alternativa viable para extraer saponinas de jugo de fique es la floculaci´on, cuyas ventajas radican en su simplicidad tecnol´ogica, bajo consumo energ´etico, aplicabilidad directa a la matriz de inter´es y uso de solventes como agua y etanol.
Conclusiones: Al utilizar como floculante el policloruro de aluminio (PAC), debido a su capacidad de remover materia org´anica y a su selectividad, se favorece la recuperaci´on de las saponinas en el clarificado. En el dise˜no conceptual, se presenta una planta piloto con una capacidad de 67.462 L/h y una eficiencia de 87,45 %.
Reflexiones para el diálogo: comentarios al libro “La Colombia del posacuerdo: retos de un país excluido por el conflicto armado”
Authors: Gaviria Betancur Paula 
Published: August 2020

En el marco del lanzamiento libro: La Colombia del posacuerdo: retos de un país excluido por el conflicto armado, en agosto de este año, compartí unos breves comentarios sobre el mismo y sobre por qué considero que la apuesta colectiva, el programa de investigación de que hace parte este libro es muy buena noticia para el país. Lo primero que pude constatar es que el libro cumple con el objetivo de los editores de ofrecer miradas multidimensionales sobre un modelo de sociedad posible tras la firma del Acuerdo Final entre el gobierno y las FARC-EP; sobre la manera en que asumimos el reto de construir la paz y de tramitar pacíficamente los conflictos connaturales a cualquier sociedad.
Intermediate Value Property for the Assouad Dimension of Measures
Authors: Suomala Ville 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hare, Mendivil, and Zuberman have recently shown that if X ⊂ ℝ is compact and of non-zero Assouad dimension dim
A X, then for all s > dim
A X, X supports measures with Assouad dimension s. We generalize this result to arbitrary complete metric spaces.
Models to estimate biological variation components and interpretation of serial results: strengths and limitations
Authors: Díaz-Garzón Marco Jorge , Fernández-Calle Pilar , Ricós Carmen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Biological variation (BV) has multiple applications in a variety of fields of clinical laboratory. The use of BV in statistical modeling is twofold. On the one hand, some models are used for the generation of BV estimates (within- and between-subject variability). Other models are built based on BV in combination with other factors to establish ranges of normality that will help the clinician interpret serial results for the same subject. There are two types of statistical models for the calculation of BV estimates: A. Direct methods, prospective studies designed to calculate BV estimates; i. Classic model: developed by Harris and Fraser, revised by the Working Group on Biological Variation of the European Federation of Laboratory Medicine. ii. Mixed-effect models. iii. Bayesian model. B. Indirect methods, retrospective studies to derive BV estimates from large databases of results. Big data. Understanding the characteristics of these models is crucial as they determine their applicability in different settings and populations. Models for defining ranges that help in the interpretation of individual serial results include: A. Reference change value and B. Bayesian data network. In summary, this review provides an overview of the models used to define BV components and others for the follow-up of patients. These models should be exploited in the future to personalize and improve the information provided by the clinical laboratory and get the best of the resources available.
Artikelbearbeitungsgebühren im Spiegel von Forschung und Praxis
Authors: Wohlgemuth Michael 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Das Spannungsfeld aus Wollen (Abschluss von Transformationsverträgen mit großen Verlagsgruppen, um eine schnelle OA-Transformation in der Breite zu erreichen) und Können (begrenzte Budgets der wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken) erfordert belastbare Prognosen zur Entwicklung des Publikationsoutputs und der Höhe der Artikelbearbeitungsgebühren. Der Beitrag stellt verschiedene Preissetzungsstrategien von Verlagen vor und diskutiert die Implikationen für statistische Analysen. Abgerundet wird der Beitrag durch den Appell des Autors, die Erwartungen der Bibliotheken an die OA-Transformation neu zu denken, um eine nachhaltige Finanzierung des Open-Access-Publizierens sicherstellen zu können.
Profinite rigidity for twisted Alexander polynomials
Authors: Ueki Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe formulate and prove a profinite rigidity theorem for the twisted Alexander polynomials up to several types of finite ambiguity. We also establish torsion growth formulas of the twisted homology groups in aℤ{{\mathbb{Z}}}-cover of a 3-manifold with use of Mahler measures. We examine several examples associated to Riley’s parabolic representations of two-bridge knot groups and give a remark on hyperbolic volumes.
On the set of divisors with zero geometric defect
Authors: Huynh Dinh Tuan , Vu Duc-Viet 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Let

f
:

ℂ
→
X

{f:\mathbb{C}\to X}

be a transcendental holomorphic curve into a complex projective manifold X. Let L be a very ample line bundle on

X
.

{X.}

Let s be a very generic holomorphic section of L and D the zero divisor given by

s
.

{s.}

We prove that the geometric defect of D (defect of truncation 1) with respect to f is zero. We also prove that f almost misses general enough analytic subsets on X of codimension 2.
Expertise and Uncertainty Processing with Nonlinear Scaling and Fuzzy Systems for Automation
Authors: Juuso Esko K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntegration of domain expertise and uncertainty processing is increasingly important in automation solutions which rely on data analytics and artificial intelligence. We need a level to assess what is approximately correct. Uncertainties of the inputs are taken into account by using fuzzy numbers as the inputs of different fuzzy and parametric systems. Nonlinear scaling functions (NSFs) integrate these solutions and make them easier to tune. Fuzzy rule-based systems are represented with scaled fuzzy inputs. Membership functions (MFs) can be developed fromNSFsand existingMFscan be used in developingNSFs. Fuzzy set systems and linguistic equation (LE) systems become consistent within the limits of detail. In recursive analysis, both meanings and interactions on all levels can be tuned together with genetic algorithms. In applications, the modular overall system consists of similar subsystems, which are normally used, with extensions to fuzzy. The compact fuzzy modules can be developed for specific tasks which are combined within Cyber Physical Systems (CPS). Uncertainty processing is embedded in the recursive analysis. The fuzzy extensions provide a feasible way for the sensitivity analysis of the solution.