bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Dietary Antioxidant Supplementation in Patients with Cataract and Glaucoma
Authors: Himori Noriko , Yanagimachi Maki Inoue , Omodaka Kazuko , Shiga Yukihiro , Tsuda Satoru , Kunikata Hiroshi , Nakazawa Toru 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress may be a key risk factor for cataract and glaucoma, and many previous reports have suggested that antioxidants could be a promising treatment. Here, we investigated the effects of a novel supplement containing three food-derived antioxidants (hesperidin, crocetin, and tamarindus indica) on markers of oxidative stress in patients with these conditions. Methods: This study had a prospective, single arm design. Fifty Japanese subjects with cataract and glaucoma were recruited and asked to refrain from the use of vitamin or carotenoid supplements for 2 weeks before the study. The subjects took 4 tablets together with ample water twice a day for 8 weeks, stopped the treatment, and were then followed for an additional 8 weeks. The subjects were examined at four-week intervals, for a total of 5 examinations. We measured biological antioxidant potential (BAP) with a free radical analyzer. Clinical laboratory data, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were measured in venous blood samples. Clinical parameters were also recorded. The Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test were used to determine the significance of differences between groups. Other comparisons used a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Student’s t-test or Dunnett’s test.Results: BAP was significantly elevated at weeks 8, 12, and 16 (P = 0.007, P = 0.035, P = 0.015). The MDA level was significantly reduced at week 8 (P = 0.019). BAP changes were recorded by subtracting the value at week 8 from week 0. Multiple regression analysis revealed that SOD, total bilirubin and diabetes were independent contributing factors to the change in BAP (P = 0.039, P = 0.019, P = 0.013). There were no supplement-related adverse events or abnormal results in blood testing in any of the patients.Conclusion: Our study found that an 8-week oral course of antioxidant supplementation was effective in patients with a low antioxidative stress level. Dietary supplementation holds promise in the treatment of systemic oxidative stress-related diseases.Trial registration: UMIN-CTR UMIN 000032050
Dietary κ-carrageenan facilitates gut microbiota-mediated intestinal inflammation
Authors: Wu Wei , Zhou Jiawei , Chen Juanjuan , Han Hui , Liu Jingwangwei , Niu Tingting , Chen Haimin , Wang Feng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: After nearly half a century, the inflammatory effects of carrageenan (CGN), a ubiquitous food additive, remain controversial. Little is known about its impact on the gut microbiota and intestinal homeostasis.Results: Mice fed κ-CGN showed no significant inflammatory symptoms, but showed altered colonic microbiota composition, thereby decreasing bacteria-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and increased penetrability of the mucus layer. In mice administered the pathogenic bacterium Citrobacter rodentium, inflammation and mucosal damage were further aggravated in the presence of κ-CGN. Mucus layer defects and altered SCFA levels could be reproduced by fecal transplantation from κ-CGN-fed mice, but not from germ-free κ-CGN-fed mice. These symptoms could be partially repaired by administering the probiotics Bifidobacterium longum NCC-2705 and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.Conclusions: We report a novel evidence that κ-CGN may not be directly inflammatory, but creates an environment that favors inflammation by perturbation of gut microbiota composition and then facilitates expansion of pathogens, which may be partially reversed by the introduction of probiotics.
Incidence of inherited metabolic disorders in southern Israel: A comparison between consanguinity and non-consanguinity communities
Authors: Hazan Guy , Hershkovitz Eliyahu , Staretz-Chacham O 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) are group of rare monogenic diseases, usually derived from reduced or absent activity in a single metabolic pathway. Most of the IMDs are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The incidence of IMDs varies from country to country and within different ethnic groups, but data is still scarce. Consanguinity rate among populations is highly contributor factor for IMDs incidence. There are no reports comparing the incidence of IMD in consanguineous and non-consanguineous populations from the same geographic region with the same diagnostic capabilities. Our study objective is to compare the incidence of IMDs between between the relatively low consanguineous Jewish population and the consanguineous Bedouin population, both living in the southern of Israel.Results: During 1990–2017 there were 393,772 live births in the Negev district, of Southern of Israel. Among them 187,049 were of Jewish origin while 206,723 were of Bedouin-Muslim origin. A total of 223 children were diagnosed in this study period with IMDs. Among those 223 children with IMD, 33 were of Jewish origin while the other 190 children were of Bedouin-Muslim origin. The overall incidence for IMDs of the overall Negev population was 56.6/100,000 live birth. The incidence for IMD's among the Bedouin population was significantly higher than among Jewish population.Conclusions: IMDs are extremely more common in the consanguineous Bedouin compared with the relatively non-consanguineous Jewish population of Southern Israel. Health policy makers should consider these data and prepare educational and genetic counselling problems accordingly.
Resuscitation Fluid Types in Sepsis, Surgical, and Trauma Patients: A Systematic Review and Sequential Network Meta-analyses
Authors: Tseng Chien-Hua , Chen Tzu-Tao , Wu Mei-Yi , Chan Ming-Cheng , Shih Ming-Chieh , Tu Yu-Kang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Crystalloids and different component colloids, used for volume resuscitation, are sometimes associated with serious adverse events (AEs). Clinical trial findings for such fluid types in different patients’ conditions are conflicting. Whether the mortality benefit of balanced crystalloid than saline can be infer from sepsis to other patient group is uncertain, and other AEs is not comprehensive. This study aims to compare the survival benefits and AEs of seven fluid types with network meta-analysis in sepsis, surgical, trauma, and traumatic brain injury patients. Methods: Searched databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL) and reference lists of relevant articles occurred from inception until January 2020. Studies on critically ill adults requiring fluid resuscitation were included. Intervention studies reported on balanced crystalloid, saline, iso-oncotic albumin, hyperoncotic albumin, low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch (L-HES), high molecular weight HES, and gelatin. Network meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects model to calculate odds ratio (OR) and mean difference. Risk of Bias tool 2.0 was used to assess bias. CINeMA (Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis) web application was used to rate confidence in synthetic evidence. Results: Fifty-eight trials (n=26,351 patients) were identified. Seven fluid types were evaluated. Among patients with sepsis and surgery, balanced crystalloids and albumin achieved better survival, fewer renal AEs, and smaller blood transfusion volumes than saline and L-HES. In those with sepsis, balanced crystalloids reduced mortality more than saline (OR, 0.84; 95% CI 0.74 to 0.95) and L-HES (OR, 0.81; 95% CI 0.69 to 0.95) and reduced renal AEs more than L-HES (OR, 0.80; 95% CI 0.65 to 0.99). However, they required the largest resuscitation volume among all fluid types, especially in trauma patients. In patients with traumatic brain injury, saline and L-HES achieved lower mortality than albumin and balanced crystalloids; especially saline was superior to iso-oncotic albumin (OR, 0.55; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.87).Conclusions: For sepsis and surgical patients, we recommend balanced crystalloids and albumin, rather than L-HES and saline. For traumatic brain injury patients, we recommend saline or L-HES, rather than iso-oncotic albumin or balanced crystalloids. These findings could guide physicians’ fluid selection.Trial registry: PROSPERO website, registration number: CRD42018115641).
Association Between Betel Nut and Presence of Diverticulum:&nbsp;A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Liu Yu-Hong , chen Wei-liang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Current studies reporting multiple systemic effect of betel nut (BN) chewing have little analysis on colonic system. The aim of our study was to analyze the association between BN chewing and diverticulosis.Method: This cross-sectional study is conducted from 2010 to 2016 at a medical center in Taiwan. 5586 eligible participants were enrolled in our study (all of them underwent colonoscopy, and 349 with diverticulosis). The BN chewing behavior was recorded from assessment of personal history. The diverticulosis was categorized by the presence or not according to the colonoscopies done by trained physicians from health examinations in Tri-Service General Hospital. A logistic regression model with adjusted models, with covariates from Directed Acyclic Graph, was used to determine the association between BN chewing and diverticulosis. We also analyzed the association between different exposures, including cigarette, alcohol, and BN, and diverticulosis. Results: Our study included 3161 males and 2425 females with significantly higher prevalence rates of BN chewing behavior among males than females (11.1% versus 0.3%). In men group, BN chewing had adjusted odd ratio: 1.65(95% CI:1.12-2.44) on the presence of diverticulosis. Among the combination of exposures of cigarette, alcohol and BN, only the group exposed to all showed significant association between diverticulosis with adjusted OR: 1.909(95% CI: 1.188-3.065). Further subgroup analysis displayed adjusted OR: 2.310(95% CI:1.245-4.287) in obesity Taiwanese male.Conclusion: BN chewing is independently associated with diverticulosis in Taiwanese male.
There is a Third Condition Aside from Survival and Death That Affects Outcome Statistics: Terminal Discharge
Authors: Xu Jianqiao , Chen Yongqiang , Wang Jiang , Yang Guixiu , Yan Peng , Duan Zhimei , Mo Guoxin , Xie Lixin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Some patients discharged automatically are classified as terminal discharge, while their clinical outcome is survival, disrupting the results of clinical research.Methods: The data of this study were taken from inpatients who were admitted to the ICU of the First Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital. We collected the data regarding medications used over the three days before discharge from the group of patients who survived and the group of patients who died, and the outcomes of all patients were recalculated by three classification algorithms (AdaBoosting, Pearson correlation coefficient, observed to expected ratio-weighted cosine similarity). Our basic assumption is that if the classification result is death but the actual in-hospital outcome is survival, the associated patient was likely terminally discharged.Results: The coincidence rate of the outcomes calculated by the AdaBoosting algorithm was 98.1%, the coincidence rate calculated by the Pearson correlation coefficient was 61.1%, and the coincidence rate calculated by the observed to expected ratio-weighted cosine similarity was 93.4%. When the three classification methods were combined, the accuracy reached 98.56%.Conclusion: The combination of clinical rules and classification methods has a synergistic effect on judgments of patients’ discharge outcomes, greatly saving time on manual retrieval and reducing the negative influence of statistics or rules.
Coping Strategies and Perceived Barriers of women hospitality workplaces employees to sexual harassment in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia: A Ground Theory Approach
Authors: Worke Mulugeta Dile , Debelew Gurmesa Tura , Koricha Zewdie Birhanu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Coping strategies of sexual harassment are determined by the person, environment, and cognitive reappraisal. Consequently, the issue of how women victims cope with the problem is still unsettled worldwide. Women were disproportionately victims of sexual harassment in the hospitality industries, and the issue of response is at an earlier phase in low and middle-income countries, and particularly in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was aimed to develop a context speciﬁc and data-driven coping strategy framework for sexual harassment victimization against women working in the hospitality workplaces.Methods: We conducted a qualitative, grounded theory approach to guide the study process. The data were collected from women, managers, cashiers, and customers. We use a semi-structured, specific audience, and focus group discussion guides. A constant comparative approach was used to summarize data and describe meanings. ATLAS. ti version 8.4.24 software package was used for data coding categorizing, and visualizing networks.Results: The analysis provided a context speciﬁc coping strategic framework, which consists of, closely interconnected, four dimensions practiced by women hospitality employees. The dimensions were normalization, engagement, help-seeking, and detachment with the respective barriers. The normalization dimension encompasses silence, acceptance, denial, refusal, grief, and tolerance. Likewise, the engagement dimension consists of confrontation, negotiation, retaliation/threatening, and discrimination of the perpetrators. The help-seeking dimension also involves elements such as discussing with friends, complaining to supervisors, consulting professionals, and accusing the perpetrators. Finally, the detachment dimension entails job-hopping, job withdrawal, work withdrawal, and distancing. A variety of barriers deterred all dimensions. However, normalization was facilitated by some factors, and adverse outcomes ended the engagement dimension of coping.Conclusion: The sexual harassment coping capacities of women employees have been unclear, which left no whole for the stakeholders to intervene. The new coping strategic framework can serve as a valuable guide to design context-speciﬁc interventions that make the women and the stakeholders prevent sexual harassment, decrease the barriers, and alleviate effects.
Chromosome segregation in B. subtilis is highly heterogeneous
Authors: Najjar Nina El , Graumann Peter 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
The bacterial cell cycle comprises initiation of replication and ensuing elongation, concomitant chromosome segregation (in some organisms with a delay termed cohesion), and finally cell division. By quantifying the number of origin and terminus regions in exponentially growing Bacillus subtilis cells, and after induction of DNA damage, we aimed at determining cell cycle parameters at different growth rates at a single cell level.
Results
B. subtilis cells are mostly mero-oligoploid during fast growth and diploid during slow growth. However, we found that the number of replication origins and of termini is highly heterogeneous within the cell population at two different growth rates, and that even at slow growth, a majority of cells attempts to maintain more than a single chromosome at all times of the cell cycle. Heterogeneity of chromosome copy numbers may reflect different subpopulations having diverging growth rates even during exponential growth conditions. Cells continued to initiate replication and segregate chromosomes after induction of DNA damage, as judged by an increase in origin numbers per cell, showing that replication and segregation are relatively robust against cell cycle perturbation.
Implementing cancer-screening programs by training primary care physicians in India – Findings from the National Institute of Cancer Prevention Research Project ECHO for Cancer Prevention
Authors: Adsul Prajakta , Nethan Suzanne Tanya , deCortina Sasha Herbst , Dhanasekaran Kavitha , Hariprasad Roopa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn an effort to address the growing cancer burden, the Government of India introduced a national program for screening and prevention of the most common cancers (oral, breast, and cervical) in 2016. To support the screening program, the National Institute for Cancer Prevention Research (NICPR) adopted the Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) model for training health care providers in cancer screening. Very few studies examine the impact of the ECHO model on provider behavior or health outcomes related to cancer screening. We assess the change in knowledge and, skills among primary care physicians attending NICPR ECHO trainings and the impact of the training program on the implementation of cancer screening services.MethodsPrior to the start of the online phase and upon completion of the 14 weeks, trainees answered a 23-item questionnaire (administered online via SurveyMonkey). We conducted a descriptive and bivariate analysis of the pre-post assessments conducted on trainees participating in the online phase and where available report on the weekly quizzes and the hands-on workshop assessments.ResultsSix hundred forty-one medical officers have participated in the trainings, across nine cohorts of trainees and this study presents data from 116 primary care physicians that completed both the pre- and post-assessments, trained from May 2019 to February 2020. Almost two-thirds had completed medical training (MD equivalent) (69.7%) and 85% were working in government healthcare facilities. Trainees reported statistically significant improvements before and after the online phase, when queried specifically on knowledge and skills using visual vignettes about oral and cervical cancer screening. Trainees did not report significant changes in the provision of cancer-screening services after completing the program. ConclusionsStudy findings support the effectiveness of the training program in reaching primary care physicians across the country and improving their knowledge and skills related to screening for breast, oral, and cervical cancer. After the training, very few primary care physicians mentioned implementing cancer screening services highlighting barriers that require further study and development of complementary implementation strategies. Study findings could inform the development and refinement of training for cancer-screening programs in low- and middle-income countries.
Effect of the Versatile Bifunctional Chelator AAZTA5 on the Radiometal Labelling properties and the in vitro performance of a Gastrin Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonist
Authors: Hofstetter Michael , Moon Euy Sung , D'Angelo Fabio , Geissbühler Lucien , Alberts Ian , Afshar-Oromieh Ali , Rösch Frank , Rominger Axel , Gourni Eleni 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Gastrin Releasing Peptide receptor (GRPr)-based radioligands, mainly antagonists, have shown great promise for diagnostic imaging of GRPr-positive cancers, such as prostate and breast.The present study aims at developing and evaluating a versatile GRPr-based probe for both PET / SPECT imaging as well as intraoperative and therapeutic applications. The influence of the versatile chelator AAZTA5 on the radiometal labelling properties and the in vitro performance of the generated radiotracers were thoroughly investigated.The GRPr-based antagonist D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 was functionalized with the chelator 6-[Bis(carboxymethyl)amino]-1,4-bis(carboyxmethyl)-6-methyl-1,4-diazepane (AAZTA5) through the spacer 4-amino-1-carboxymethyl-piperidine (Pip) to obtain AAZTA5-Pip-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 (LF1). LF1 was radiolabelled with 68Ga (PET), 111In (SPECT, intraoperative applications) and 177Lu (therapy, SPECT). In vitro evaluation included stability studies, determination of lipophilicity, protein-binding studies, determination of Kd and Bmax as well as internalization studies using the epithelial human prostate cancer cell line PC3. In vitro monotherapy as well as combination therapy studies were further performed to assess its applicability as a theranostic compound.Results: LF1 was labelled with 68Ga, 111In and 177Lu within 5 min at room temperature (RT). The molar activities (Am) were ranging between 50-60 MBq/nmol for 68Ga-LF1, 10-20 MBq/nmol for 111In-LF1 and 177Lu-LF1. The radiotracers were found to be stable for a period of 4 h post labeling exhibiting a hydrophilic profile with an average of a LogDoctanol/PBS of -3, while the bound activity to the human serum protein was approximately 10%. 68/natGa-LF1, 177/natLu-LF1 and 111/natIn-LF1 exhibited high affinity for the PC3 cells, with Kd values of 16.27±2.45 nM, 10.25±2.73 nM and 5.16±1.94 nM, respectively, and the required concentration of the radiotracers to saturate the receptors (Bmax) was between 0.5 and 0.8 nM which corresponds to approximately 4 x 105 receptors per cell. Low specific internalization rate was found in cell culture, while the total specific cell surface bound uptake always exceeded the internalized activity. In vitro therapy studies showed that combination of 177Lu-LF1 with rapamycin inhibit the growth of PC3 cells more efficiently compared to 177Lu-LF1 alone.Conclusion: Encouraged by these promising in vitro data, preclinical evaluation of the LF1 precursor are planned in tumour models in vivo.
Allogeneic Human Neural Stem Cells for Improved Therapeutic Delivery to Peritoneal Ovarian Cancer.
Authors: Batalla-Covello Jennifer , Abidi Wafa , Ngai Hoi Wa , Hyde Caitlyn , Machado Diana , Majid Asma Abdul , Hammad Mohamed , Flores Linda , Copeland Gregory , Dellinger Thanh , Han Ernest , Berlin Jacob , Aboody Karen , Mooney Rachael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Immortalized, clonal HB1.F3.CD21 human neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs), loaded with therapeutic cargo prior to intraperitoneal (IP) injection, have been shown to improve the delivery and efficacy of therapeutic agents in pre-clinical models of stage III ovarian cancer. In previous studies, the distribution and efficacy of the NSC-delivered cargo has been examined; however, the fate of the NSCs has not yet been explored. Methods: To monitor NSC tropism, we used an unconventional method of quantifying endocytosed gold nanorods to overcome the weaknesses of existing cell-tracking technologies. Results: Here, we report efficient tumor tropism of HB1.F3.CD21 NSCs, showing that they primarily distribute to the tumor stroma surrounding individual tumor foci within 3 hours after injection, reaching up to 95% of IP metastases without localizing to healthy tissue. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these NSCs are non-tumorigenic and non-immunogenic within the peritoneal setting. Conclusions: Their efficient tropism, combined with their promising clinical safety features and potential for cost-effective scale-up, positions this NSC line as a practical, off-the-shelf platform to improve the delivery of a myriad of peritoneal cancer therapeutics.