bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical 3D Oxygenated Cobalt Molybdenum Selenide Nanosheets as Robust Trifunctional Catalyst for Water Splitting and Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Prabhakaran Sampath , Balamurugan Jayaraman , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe development of hierarchical nanostructures with highly active and durable multifunctional catalysts has a new significance in the context of new energy technologies of water splitting and metal–air batteries. Herein, a strategy is demonstrated to construct a 3D hierarchical oxygenated cobalt molybdenum selenide (O‐Co1−xMoxSe2) series with attractive nanoarchitectures, which are fabricated by a simple and cost‐effective hydrothermal process followed by an exclusive ion‐exchange process. Owing to its highly electroactive sites with numerous nanoporous networks and plentiful oxygen vacancies, the optimal O‐Co0.5Mo0.5Se2 could catalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction effectively with a low overpotential of ≈102 and 189 mV, at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively, and exceptional durability. Most importantly, the O‐Co0.5Mo0.5Se2||O‐Co0.5Mo0.5Se2 water splitting device only entails a voltage of ≈1.53 V at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is much better than benchmark Pt/C||RuO2 (≈1.56 V). Furthermore, O‐Co0.5Mo0.5Se2 air cathode‐based zinc–air batteries exhibit an excellent power density of 120.28 mW cm−2 and exceptional cycling stability for 60 h, superior to those of state‐of‐art Pt/C+RuO2 pair‐based zinc–air batteries. The present study provides a strategy to design hierarchical 3D oxygenated bimetallic selenide‐based multifunctional catalysts for energy conversion and storage systems.
Self‐Assembled Ruddlesden–Popper/Perovskite Hybrid with Lattice‐Oxygen Activation as a Superior Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalyst
Authors: Zhu Yinlong , Lin Qian , Hu Zhiwei , Chen Yubo , Yin Yichun , Tahini Hassan A. , Lin Hong‐Ji , Chen Chien‐Te , Zhang Xiwang , Shao Zongping , Wang Huanting 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is pivotal in multiple gas‐involved energy conversion technologies, such as water splitting, rechargeable metal–air batteries, and CO2/N2electrolysis. Emerging anion‐redox chemistry provides exciting opportunities for boosting catalytic activity, and thus mastering lattice‐oxygen activation of metal oxides and identifying the origins are crucial for the development of advanced catalysts. Here, a strategy to activate surface lattice‐oxygen sites for OER catalysis via constructing a Ruddlesden–Popper/perovskite hybrid, which is prepared by a facile one‐pot self‐assembly method, is developed. As a proof‐of‐concept, the unique hybrid catalyst (RP/P‐LSCF) consists of a dominated Ruddlesden–Popper phase LaSr3Co1.5Fe1.5O10‐δ(RP‐LSCF) and second perovskite phase La0.25Sr0.75Co0.5Fe0.5O3‐δ(P‐LSCF), displaying exceptional OER activity. The RP/P‐LSCF achieves 10 mA cm−2at a low overpotential of only 324 mV in 0.1mKOH, surpassing the benchmark RuO2and various state‐of‐the‐art metal oxides ever reported for OER, while showing significantly higher activity and stability than single RP‐LSCF oxide. The high catalytic performance for RP/P‐LSCF is attributed to the strong metal–oxygen covalency and high oxygen‐ion diffusion rate resulting from the phase mixture, which likely triggers the surface lattice‐oxygen activation to participate in OER. The success of Ruddlesden–Popper/perovskite hybrid construction creates a new direction to design advanced catalysts for various energy applications.
Boosting O2•− Photogeneration via Promoting Intersystem‐Crossing and Electron‐Donating Efficiency of Aza‐BODIPY‐Based Nanoplatforms for Hypoxic‐Tumor Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Chen Dapeng , Wang Zhichao , Dai Hanming , Lv Xinyi , Ma Qianli , Yang Da‐Peng , Shao Jinjun , Xu Zhigang , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTumor hypoxia severely impedes the therapeutic efficacy of type II photodynamic therapy (PDT) depending on singlet oxygen (1O2) generation. To combat hypoxic tumors, herein, a new approach is devised to boost superoxide radical (O2•−) photogeneration for type I PDT. Heavy atoms are introduced onto aza‐BODIPY molecules (iodine substituted butoxy‐aza‐BODIPY, IBAB) to promote their intersystem‐crossing (ISC) ability. Meanwhile, methoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(2‐(diisopropylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (mPEG‐PPDA) with enhanced electron‐donating efficiency is employed as a coating matrix to encapsulate IBAB, thereby obtaining amphiphilic aza‐BODIPY nanoplatforms (PPIAB NPs). Under irradiation, triplet‐state IBAB in PPIAB NPs is efficiently generated from singlet state favored by the elevated ISC ability. The electron‐rich environment provided by mPEG‐PPDA can donate triplet‐state IBAB with one electron to form charge‐separated‐state IBAB, which in turn transfers electron to O2 for O2•− production. Significantly, owing to recyclable O2 generated by disproportionation or Harber–Weiss/Fenton reaction, prominent O2•− is generated by PPIAB NPs even in a severe hypoxic environment (2% O2), enabling superior therapeutic efficacy (96.2% tumor‐inhibition rate) over NPs not following this strategy. Thus, the proof‐of‐concept design of ISC‐enhanced and electron‐rich polymer encapsulating PPIAB NPs illuminates the path to preparing O2•− photogenerator for hypoxic cancer treatment.
Conodont faunas across the Kasimovian–Gzhelian boundary (Late Pennsylvanian) in South China and implications for the selection of the stratotype for the base of the global Gzhelian Stage
Authors: Qi Yuping , Barrick James E. , Hogancamp Nicholas J. , Chen Jitao , Hu Keyi , Wang Qiulai , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe upper Pennsylvanian Naqing and Narao carbonate successions were deposited in intra‐platform slope‐to‐basinal settings across the Kasimovian–Gzhelian boundary in Guizhou, South China. Conodont faunas consist of a mixture of the endemic taxa of theIdiognathodus luodianensisgroup and cosmopolitan species of theI. simulatorgroup. TheI. luodianensisgroup includes the new speciesI. fengtingensis,I. luodianensis,I. naqingensisandI. naraoensis. On platform landmark analysis the species of theI. luodianensisgroup differ in morphological features from co‐occurring species of theI. simulatorgroup. Both groups display similar increasing asymmetry in P1element pairs across the Kasimovian–Gzhelian boundary, as recognized on the basis of the first occurrence ofI. simulator. Many KasimovianIdiognathodusspecies disappear and several Gzhelian species first appear withI. simulator, including two new species ofStreptognathodus:S. nemyrovskaeandS. zhihaoi. Just below the base of the Gzhelian, carbonate δ13C falls from 4‰ to 2‰ in both sections. The combination of an abrupt faunal turnover immediately above the prominent negative δ13C excursion might represent an oceanic event in South China, perhaps recognizable on a global scale. One of these two South China sections may be the best location to place theGSSPfor the base of the Gzhelian Stage.
On a system–environment relationship in scientific inquiry: A response to ‘Definition of System’ by A. D. Hall and R. E. Fagen
Authors: Kasianiuk Krzysztof 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn one of early accounts of system–environment relationship, A. D. Hall and R. E. Fagen presented a thesis that specification of environment could be as difficult as specification of system. However, since that moment, many researchers have not put similar emphasis on specification of environment as they have put on specification of system. In this article, it is argued that system and environment should be understood either as ‘parts’ or ‘aspects’ of nature, which translates into two qualities of their relationship—‘interactivity’ and ‘transactivity’. Moreover, the quality of system–environment relationship influences modelling and explanatory strategies within scientific inquiry.
Platinum nanoparticles induced genotoxicity and apoptotic activity in human normal and cancer hepatic cells via oxidative stress‐mediated Bax/Bcl‐2 and caspase‐3 expression
Authors: Almarzoug Mohammed H. A. , Ali Daoud , Alarifi Saud , Alkahtani Saad , Alhadheq Abdullah M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPlatinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) attract much attention due to their excellent biocompatibility and catalytic properties, but their toxic effects on normal (CHANG) and cancerous (HuH‐7) human liver cells are meagre. The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of PtNPs (average size, 3 nm) were determined in CHANG and HuH‐7 cells. After treating these cells were with PtNPs (10, 50, 100, 200, and 300 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 hours, we observed dose‐ and time‐dependent cytotoxicity, as evaluated by using (3‐[4, 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a tetrazole) (MTT) and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased in both cells after treatment with the above dose of PtNPs for 24 and 48 hours. Determination of morphological changes of cells, chromosome condensation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase‐3 assays showed that PtNPs induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in CHANG and HuH‐7 cells by altering the cell morphology and density, increasing cell population in apoptosis, and causing chromosome condensation. Furthermore, we have studied fragmentation of DNA using alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis and expression of apoptotic genes by real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR). The percentage of DNA fragmentation was more at 300 μg/mL for 48 hours in both cells, but slightly more fragmentation was found in HuH‐7 relative to CHANG cells. Considering all of the above parameters, PtNPs elicited cytotoxicity on CHANG and HuH‐7 cells by blocking cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Thus this study may be useful in in vitro laboratory studies using cell lines for screening the genotoxic and apoptotic potential of nanoparticles.
The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project: History, uses, and structural effects on climate research
Authors: Touzé‐Peiffer Ludovic , Barberousse Anouk , Le Treut Hervé 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe results of the sixth phase of the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP) are currently being analyzed and will form the basis of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. Since its creation in the mid‐1990s, CMIP has had an increasing influence on climate research. While the principle behind it has always remained the same—comparing different climate models under similar conditions—its design and motivations have evolved significantly over the phases of the project. This evolution is closely linked to that of the IPCC since, historically as well as today, the results of CMIP have played a major role in the Panel's reports. This role increased the visibility of CMIP. Over time, more and more people started to be interested in CMIP and to analyze its results. Despite this success, the way CMIP is used today raises methodological issues. In fact, CMIP has promoted a particular way of doing climate research, centered on a single tool–Global Coupled Models (GCMs)–and creating a gap between model developers and model users. Due to the debates regarding the interpretation of multi‐model ensembles and the validation of GCMs, whether the emphasis on this particular way of studying climate is serving the progress of climate science is questionable.This article is categorized under:Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models
Co-location of Space Geodetic Techniques: Studies on Intra-Technique Short Baselines
Authors: Pinzón Iván Herrera , Rothacher Markus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe goal of the project “Co-location of Space Geodetic Techniques on Ground and in Space”, in the DFG funded research unit on reference systems and founded by the Swiss National Foundation (SNF), is the improvement of existing and the establishment of new ties between the space geodetic techniques, together with the assessment and reduction of technique-specific biases. To achieve this, the wealth of co-located instruments at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell (Germany) are used, where systematic errors in the space geodetic techniques can be detected, assessed and removed on very short, well-known baselines. Within this paper we summarise results for three intra-technique co-location experiments in Wettzell. Firstly, an assessment of the GNSS to GNSS baselines in relation to the surveyed local ties shows discrepancies of up to 9 mm, for solutions based on the ionosphere-free linear combination. Secondly, an analysis of the short VLBI baseline shows that the use of a clock tie achieves a sub-mm agreement with respect to the local tie. And finally, initial results on the usage of differencing approaches on the short SLR baseline show that double-difference residuals are within ±4 mm. The results of this work show the potential of intra-technique studies on short baselines for the understanding of technique-specific biases and errors and for the monitoring of local ties.
Weiterhin keine Evidenz für Drainagen in der Bariatrie
Authors: Seyfried Steffen 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Registerdaten zeigen, dass eine Drainageneinlage im Rahmen bariatrischer Operationen immer noch gängige Praxis in vielen chirurgischen Abteilungen ist. Retrospektive Studien und eine Übersichtsarbeit konnten zeigen, dass die routinemäßige Einlage einer Drainage im Rahmen bariatrischer Operationen nutzlos und potenziell auch gefährdend ist. In der Literatur konnte aufgrund fehlender randomisierter kontrollierter Studien keine ausreichende Evidenz zu diesem Thema geschaffen werden.

Ziel
Um den Nutzen von Drainagen bei bariatrischen Eingriffen weiter zu hinterfragen, haben wir unsere prospektiv erhobene Datenbank von Patienten, die zwischen Januar 2010 und Juni 2016 eine Schlauchmagenanlage (SG) oder einen Roux-en-Y-Magenbypass (RYGB) erhielten, retrospektiv ausgewertet.

Setting
Deutsches Universitätsklinikum

Methoden
Während des Untersuchungszeitraums wurden insgesamt 361 Operationen (219 Magenbypass- und 142 Schlauchmagenoperationen) durchgeführt. Eine Änderung unseres internen Behandlungspfades in Bezug auf die Platzierung von Drainagen im Jahr 2013 führte dabei zu zwei Gruppen: eine, bei der routinemäßig Drainagen bei Operationen platziert wurden (166), und eine bei denen keine Drainage angelegt wurde (195). Die demografischen Daten wurden mithilfe multipler Regressionsanalyse statistisch zwischen den beiden Gruppen adjustiert. Wir verglichen die Operationsergebnisse und die 30-Tage-Morbidität. Komplikationen wurden nach der Clavien-Dindo-Klassifikation bewertet.

Ergebnisse
In der Gruppe ohne Drainage hatten 7 Patienten Komplikationen. In der Drainagegruppe traten 6 Komplikationen auf. Die Insuffizienzraten und Reoperationsraten zwischen den Gruppen waren statistisch nicht unterschiedlich. Im Durchschnitt wurde der postoperative Aufenthalt bei Patienten mit Drainage um 1,3 Tage verlängert. Die multivariate Analyse zeigte, dass die Platzierung von Drainagen der höchste Risikofaktor für einen längeren Krankenhausaufenthalt ist.

Schlussfolgerung
Drainagenanlagen im Rahmen bariatrischer Eingriffe sollten eine individuelle Überlegung sein. Von der routinemäßigen Verwendung sollte abgeraten werden.
Signaling lipids as diagnostic biomarkers for ocular surface cicatrizing conjunctivitis
Authors: Di Zazzo Antonio , Yang Wei , Coassin Marco , Micera Alessandra , Antonini Marco , Piccinni Fabrizio , De Piano Maria , Kohler Isabelle , Harms Amy C. , Hankemeier Thomas , Boinini Stefano , Mashaghi Alireza 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Metabolomics has been applied to diagnose diseases, predict disease progression, and design therapeutic strategies in various areas of medicine. However, it remains to be applied to the ocular surface diseases, where biological samples are often of limited quantities. We successfully performed proof-of-concept metabolomics assessment of volume-limited cytology samples from a clinical form of chronic inflammatory cicatrizing conjunctivitis, i.e., ocular MMP and discovered metabolic changes of signaling lipid mediators upon disease onset and progression. The metabolomics assessment revealed active oxylipins, lysophospholipids, fatty acids, and endocannabinoids alterations, from which potential biomarkers linked to inflammatory processes were identified. Possible underlying mechanisms such as dysregulated enzyme activities (e.g., lipoxygenases, cytochrome P450, and phospholipases) were suggested which may be considered as potential therapeutic targets in future studies.

Key messages

Metabolic profile of the ocular surface can be measured using impression cytology samples.

Metabolomics analysis of ocular pemphigoid is presented for the first time.

The metabolomics assessment of OCP patients revealed active oxylipins, lysophospholipids, fatty acids, and endocannabinoids alterations.

Several oxylipins are identified as diagnostic biomarkers for OCP.
Deep venous thrombosis after Achilles tendon rupture is associated with poor patient-reported outcome
Authors: Svedman Simon , Edman Gunnar , Ackermann Paul W. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate whether patient subjective and functional outcomes after Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) are related to deep venous thrombosis (DVT) during leg immobilization.

Methods
A cohort study with prospectively collected randomized data was conducted between 2010 and 2017. Two-hundred and fifty-one Patients with an Achilles tendon rupture (mean age = 41 ± 8), treated with uniform surgical techniques, were retrospectively analyzed. DVT incidence at 2 and 6 weeks was assessed using compression duplex ultrasound. At 12 months patient-reported outcomes were assessed using the Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS), Foot- and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), Physical Activity Scale (PAS) and functional outcome with the calf-muscle endurance test. ANOVA analyses were used and adjusted for assumed confounding factors (patient age, sex, BMI and rehabilitation).

Results
The total DVT incidence was 122 out of 251 (49%). Patients suffering a DVT exhibited significantly lower ATRS at 1 year compared to patients without DVT (mean 76 vs 83, 95% CI 71–79 vs 80–87; p < 0.01). Sixty-seven percent (95% CI 57–77%) of the patients devoid of DVT reported a good outcome (ATRS > 80) compared to 51% (95% CI 41–61%) of the patients sustaining a DVT (p < 0.05). Quality of life displayed significantly better outcome in the non-DVT versus DVT patients (mean = 75 (95% CI 71–79) vs. mean = 68 (95% CI 64–72); p < 0.05). A significant difference in total concentric work was observed between non-DVT and DVT patients (median = 1.9 kJ (IQR = 0.9 kJ) vs. median = 1.6 kJ (IQR = 1.0 kJ); p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Sustaining a DVT during leg immobilization significantly impairs patient-reported outcome at 1 year after surgical repair of ATR.

Level of evidence
III.
A novel three-in-one silicone model for basic microsurgery training
Authors: Alser Osaid , Youssef Gehad , Myers Simon , Ghanem Ali M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Microsurgery simulation is an important aspect of surgical training. Animal models have been widely used in simulation training, but they have some limitations including ethical restrictions, cost and availability. This has led to the use of synthetic models that can reduce reliance on animals in line with the 3R (refinement, reduction and replacement) principles. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the face validity of Surgitate™ three-in-one (artery, vein and nerve) silicone model.

Methods
Fourteen candidates performed one end-to-end anastomosis on artery, vein and nerve. The face validity of the vessel was assessed via questionnaires detailing their previous microsurgical experience and their feedback of using this model using the Likert scale. Data management and analysis were performed using IBM SPSS software (25.0).

Results
Participants tended to value this model in the earlier stages of microsurgical training particularly in the acquisition of basic microsurgical skills. It could be particularly useful in enhancing suturing skills as a replacement or reduction in the use of chicken models. The model has some drawbacks preluding its utilization into more advanced stages of surgical training. Further studies are needed to validate the model using more objective measures.

Conclusion
We present a novel synthetic model that can be potentially introduced to early stages of microsurgery training. The model would be ideal to meet the 3R principles of the use of animal models and as an alternative to the commonly used synthetic models.
Level of evidence: Not ratable.
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and polyomaviruses are detectable in oropharyngeal cancer and EBV may have prognostic impact
Authors: Carpén Timo , Syrjänen Stina , Jouhi Lauri , Randen-Brady Reija , Haglund Caj , Mäkitie Antti , Mattila Petri S. , Hagström Jaana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The etiological role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is confirmed. However, the role of other oncoviruses in OPSCC is unknown.

Materials and methods
A total of 158 consecutive OPSCC patients treated with curative intent were included. DNA extracted from tumor sections was used to detect Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), HPV, and the following polyomaviruses: John Cunningham virus (JCV), Simian virus 40 (SV40), and BK virus (BKV) with PCR. In addition, p16 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry, and EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) transcripts were localized by in situ hybridization. The effect of viral status on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed.

Results
A total of 94/158 samples (59.5%) were HPV-positive, 29.1% contained BKV DNA, 20.3% EBV DNA, 13.9% JCV DNA, and 0.6% SV40 DNA. EBER was expressed only in stromal lymphocytes adjacent to the tumor and correlated with HPV positivity (p = 0.026). p16 expression associated only with HPV. None of the three polyomaviruses had an impact on survival. Patients with EBER-positive but HPV-negative OPSCC had significantly poorer OS and DFS than those with HPV-positive OPSCC and slightly worse prognosis compared with the patients with EBER-negative and HPV-negative OPSCC.

Conclusion
Polyomaviruses are detectable in OPSCC but seem to have no impact on survival, whereas HPV was the strongest viral prognostic factor. EBER expression, as a sign of latent EBV infection, may have prognostic impact among patients with HPV-negative OPSCC. EBER analysis may identify a new subgroup of OPSCCs unrelated to HPV.