bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Headspace solid‐phase microextraction sampling of endogenous aldehydes in biological fluids using a magnetic metal‐organic framework/polyaniline nanocomposite
Authors: Ghaedrahmati Leila , Ghiasvand Alireza , Heidari Nahid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNanoporosity, crystal structure, good thermal and mechanical stability, high surface‐to‐volume ratio, nanoscale cavities, and uniform pore topology have made metal‐organic frameworks one of the best class of sorbents for adsorption/separation purposes. In this research, a metal‐organic framework/polyaniline magnetite nanocomposite was synthesized and intercalated by polyaniline by electrophoretic deposition on the surface of a thin steel wire, to prepare a solid‐phase microextraction fiber. It was coupled with gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection and employed for the extraction and determination of aldehydes in biological samples. The magnetic nanocomposite was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.01‐1 and 0.1‐1 µg/L for hexanal and heptanal, respectively. The limits of detections for hexanal and heptanal were 0.001 and 0.01 µg/L, respectively. Intrafiber repeatability for six replicate analyses of 0.2 µg/L of the analytes was over the range 3.5‐7.1%. Interfiber (fiber‐to‐fiber) reproducibility, calculated by six replicate analyses of the same concentration using three different fibers, and was found to be 10.4‐15.7%. The developed procedure was successfully utilized for the analysis of hexanal and heptanal in human plasma and urine samples.
Medicare Reimbursement Trends for Facility Performed Otolaryngology Procedures: 2000–2019
Authors: Dominguez Johanny L. , Ederaine Sophia A. , Haglin Jack M. , Aragon Sierra Ana M. , Barrs David M. , Lott David G. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThere is a paucity of data regarding financial trends for procedural reimbursements in otolaryngology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate monetary trends in Medicare reimbursement rates for the 20 most commonly billed otolaryngology procedures from 2000 to 2019.Study DesignAnalysis of physician reimbursement.MethodsThe American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery database was queried to determine the 20 most performed otolaryngology procedures. Next, the Physician Fee Schedule Look‐Up Tool from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services was utilized to assess each of the top 20 most utilized Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes in otolaryngology, and reimbursement data was extracted. All monetary data was adjusted for inflation to 2019 U.S. dollars using changes to consumer price index. Average annual and total percentage change in reimbursement were calculated based on adjusted values for all included procedures.ResultsAfter adjusting for inflation, the average reimbursement for the total 20 procedures decreased by 37.63% from 2000 to 2019. The greatest single mean decrease was seen in CPT code 61782 for stereotaxis procedures on the skull, meninges, and brain (−59.96%), whereas the smallest mean decrease was in CPT code 30520 for septoplasty (−1.50%). From 2000 to 2019, the adjusted reimbursement rate for the combined procedures decreased by an average of 2.33% each year.ConclusionMedicare reimbursement for included procedures has decreased from 2000 to 2019. Increased awareness and consideration of these trends will be important for policy makers, hospitals, and surgeons in order to assure continued access to meaningful otolaryngology care in the United States.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:496–501, 2021
Proteomic and Genomic Methylation Signatures of Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Schoeff Stephen S. , Shi Xudong , Young William G. , Whited Chad W. , Soni Resha S. , Liu Peng , Ong Irene M. , Dailey Seth H. , Welham Nathan V. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveIdiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a chronic inflammatory condition that causes dyspnea and affects middle‐aged women of White race and non‐Latino or Hispanic ethnicity. To better characterize its phenotype and pathogenesis, we assessed the proteomic and genomic methylation signatures of subglottic tissue collected from iSGS patients compared to controls.Study DesignMolecular analysis of clinical biospecimens.MethodsWe collected subglottic tissue biopsies from 12 patients during direct laryngoscopy, immediately prior to surgical treatment of iSGS; as well as from 4 age‐, sex‐, and race/ethnicity‐matched control patients undergoing other direct laryngoscopic procedures. We isolated protein and genomic DNA, acquired proteomic data using label‐free quantitative mass spectrometry techniques, and acquired genome‐wide methylation data using bisulfite conversion and a microarray platform. We compared molecular profiles across the iSGS and control groups, and with respect to clinical course in the iSGS group. Eight of the 12 iSGS patients underwent subsequent blood collection and plasma isolation for further assessment.ResultsProteomic analysis revealed 42 differentially abundant proteins in the iSGS biopsies compared to controls, inferring enrichment of biological pathways associated with early wound healing, innate immunity, matrix remodeling, and metabolism. Proteome‐based hierarchical clustering organized patients into two iSGS and one control subgroups. Methylation analysis revealed five hypermethylated genes in the iSGS biopsies compared to controls, including the biotin recycling enzyme biotinidase (BTD). Follow‐up analysis showed elevated plasma BTD activity in iSGS patients compared to both controls and published normative data.ConclusioniSGS exhibits distinct proteomic and genomic methylation signatures. These signatures expand current understanding of the iSGS phenotype, support the possibility of disease subgroups, and should inform the direction of future experimental studies.Level of EvidenceNot applicable Laryngoscope, 131:E540–E546, 2021
Temperature Dependency of Trap‐Controlled Persistent Luminescence
Authors: Du Jiaren , Feng Ang , Poelman Dirk 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhosphors featuring persistent luminescence, as distinctive photonic materials, have been explored extensively owing to their unusual properties and commercial interest as self‐sustained emitters in night‐vision surveillance, emergency signage, optical data storage, and in vivo bio‐imaging. However, widespread utilization of persistent phosphors at various outdoor conditions remains a formidable challenge due to the dependence of persistent luminescence performance on the environmental temperature. Here, the relation between the optimum working temperature and thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve is revealed with different TL read‐out approaches. Notably, the optimum working temperature, Toptimum, is proved to be an intrinsic parameter of a persistent phosphor, irrelevant to the TL heating rate. Temperature dependency of trap filling and releasing processes, demonstrated on a benchmark persistent phosphor with multiple trap occupation levels, is investigated to shed more light on temperature‐dependent, trap‐controlled persistent luminescence. This work presents new perspectives on their wide applications in terms of designing and screening persistent phosphors for various ambient conditions, and beyond.
Quality‐improving R&D and merger policy in a differentiated duopoly: Cournot and Bertrand equilibria
Authors: Takashima Nobuyuki , Ouchida Yasunori 
Published: July 2020

We combine a model of product research and development (R&D) and technological spillover with the concept of technological distance and examine horizontal mergers in a duopolistic market with R&D. The results are fourfold. First, a merger can better encourage R&D investment than the competition case. Second, with a small degree of product differentiation (PD), the merger criterion under the Cournot duopoly is stricter than that of the Bertrand case. By contrast, with a moderate or large degree of PD, the opposite is true. Third, with a small technological distance, a merger should be allowable. Finally, with a small degree of PD and moderate technological distance, a merger should be allowable.
Hemoglobin A1c and fructosamine correlate in a patient with sickle cell disease and diabetes on chronic transfusion therapy
Authors: McLean Ashley , Wright Frances , deJong Neal , Skinner Sarah , Loughlin Ceila E. , Levenson Amy , Carden Marcus A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and diabetes mellitus (DM), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is unreliable and the American Diabetes Association recommends monitoring long‐term glycemia by measuring serum glucose, but use of serum fructosamine (SF), a measurement independent of red cell lifespan, has been reported. SF as a screen for DM in SCD, however, is not standardized and its relationship to serum glucose has not been validated. Further, screening for DM was not adequately addressed in the 2014 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) guidelines for SCD management. Blood transfusions, an important treatment for some patients with SCD, can also impact HbA1c. We present a case of a patient with SCD and cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes on monthly chronic transfusions therapy (CTT) who had well‐correlated “steady state” HbA1c and SF levels over time, suggesting for the first time these markers may actually be useful when following long‐term glycemic control in patients with SCD on CTT programs.
Prospective randomized trial of interventions for vincristine‐related neuropathic pain
Authors: Anghelescu Doralina L. , Tesney Jessica Michala , Jeha Sima , Wright Becky B. , Trujillo Luis , Sandlund John T. , Pauley Jennifer , Cheng Cheng , Pei Deqing , Pui Ching‐Hon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the efficacy of gabapentin at 20 mg/kg per day in the treatment of vincristine‐related neuropathic pain.ProcedureChildren aged 1‐18 years who developed vincristine‐induced neuropathy on a St Jude frontline acute lymphoblastic leukemia trial were prospectively enrolled on a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase II trial with two treatment arms: gabapentin plus opioid versus placebo plus opioid. Daily evaluations of morphine dose (mg/kg per day) and pain scores were conducted for up to 21 days; the values of the two arms were compared to assess analgesic efficacy.ResultsOf 51 study participants, 49 were eligible for analyses. Twenty‐five participants were treated with gabapentin, with a mean (SD) dose of 17.97 (2.76) mg/kg per day (median 18.26, range 6.82‐21.37). The mean (SD) opioid doses taken, expressed as morphine equivalent daily (mg/kg per day), were 0.26 (0.43) in the gabapentin group (25 patients, 432 days) and 0.15 (0.22) in the placebo group (24 patients, 411 days; P = .15). Only the risk classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was significantly associated with the daily morphine dosage (P = .0178): patients in the lower risk arm received higher daily morphine dosages. Multivariate analyses revealed a significant difference between the groups’ average daily scores for the previous 24 h and “right now.”ConclusionIn this population of children with vincristine‐related neuropathic pain, opioid consumption and pain scores were higher in the gabapentin group than in the placebo group. Future randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies should test gabapentin given longer or at a higher dose.
Tumor rupture in hepatoblastoma: A high risk factor?
Authors: Pondrom Morgane , Pariente Daniele , Mallon Brenda , Taque Sophie , Branchereau Sophie , Chardot Christophe , Laithier Véronique , Tabone Marie‐Dominique , Lejeune Julien , Faure‐Conter Cécile , Saumet Laure , Vérité Cécile , Aerts Isabelle , Brugières Laurence , Fresneau Brice 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepatoblastoma tumor rupture is a high‐risk criterion in the SIOPEL 3/4 protocol. Little is known about the outcome of these children.MethodsRadiological signs of possible tumor rupture, defined as peritoneal effusion, peritoneal nodules, or hepatic subcapsular hematoma, were reported in 24 of 150 patients treated for hepatoblastoma in France from January 2000 to December 2014 after central radiological expert review.ResultsTwenty‐two patients with available clinical data were included (nine PRETEXT‐I/II, six PRETEXT‐III, seven PRETEXT‐IV, and five had lung metastases). Five patients had a subcapsular hematoma only, and 17 patients had intraperitoneal rupture (subcapsular hematoma and peritoneal effusion). A hepatic biopsy was performed in 19 patients. Intraperitoneal rupture occurred before biopsy in 12 and after biopsy in three (including one with prebiopsy subcapsular hematoma) (missing data: two). All patients were treated with chemotherapy, with high‐risk regimens including cisplatin or carboplatin and doxorubicin in 19 and cisplatin or carboplatin alone in three. Liver surgery was performed in 20 patients (including three liver transplants). Fifteen patients (68%) achieved complete remission. With a median follow‐up of 5.5 years, 11 events occurred (six progressions and three relapses, including three peritoneal progressions/relapses, one surgical complication, and one second cancer) and eight patients died. One of eight patients with no other high‐risk criterion had a relapse. The three‐year event‐free survival and overall survival rates were 49.6% (95% CI = 30‐69) and 68.2% (40‐84), respectively.ConclusionsTumor rupture is predictive of poor prognosis with risk of peritoneal progression/relapse. However, it should not be a contraindication for liver transplantation.
Perceived discrimination, social support, and psychological distress in transgender individuals
Authors: Falak Sobia , Safdar Faiza , Nuzhat‐ul‐Ain  
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to find the relationship among perceived discrimination, social support, and psychological distress in transgender individuals (TIs) and the predictors of psychological distress in TIs. A correlational research design was used in the present study. It was hypothesized that there would likely to be a positive relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological distress and that there would likely be a negative relationship between social support and psychological distress. It was also hypothesized that perceived discrimination would predict psychological distress. Permission for using the questionnaires was taken from the authors of the original tools and the authors of the Urdu translated versions of the tools. The sample of 111 participants with an age range of 20–65 years was recruited by using purposive and non‐probability snowball sampling techniques. The Everyday Perceived Discrimination Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale were used to determine perceived discrimination, social support, and psychological distress, respectively, in TIs. Results revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological distress, a significant negative relationship between social support and psychological distress, and there was also a significant negative relationship between perceived discrimination and social support. Additional findings revealed that perceived discrimination was found more in younger TIs than older TIs while social support from significant others was greater for younger TIs than for their older counterparts.
Asymmetric chain‐growth synthesis of polyisocyanide with chiral nickel precatalysts
Authors: Schraff Sandra , Kreienborg Nora M. , Trampert Jens , Sun Yu , Orthaber Andreas , Merten Christian , Pammer Frank 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNickel(II)‐aryl complexes [(L2)Ni(Ar)Br] bearing either chiral phosphine ligands (L2 = RR‐ or SS‐DIPAMP, Ar = ortho‐anisyl), or a chiral aryl‐group have been prepared, and their structural optical an chiroptical properties have been characterized. Enantiomeric pairs of both catalysts have been used for the asymmetric polymerization of different isocyanides (M1, M2, M3), to give well defined polyisocyanides (P1, P2, P3). Their polymerization behavior has been studied, which confirmed chain‐growth polymerization in all cases. The asymmetric induction has been verified by circular dichroism spectroscopy on enantiomeric pairs of all three polymers.
Trophoblast lineage specification in the mammalian preimplantation embryo
Authors: Toyooka Yayoi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe establishment of the trophectoderm (TE) and the inner cell mass (ICM) is the first cell lineage segregation that occurs in mammalian preimplantation development. TE will contribute to the placenta while ICM cells give rise to the epiblast (EPI) and primitive endoderm (PrE). There are two historical models for TE/ICM segregation: the positional (inside‐outside) model and the polarity model, but both models alone cannot explain the mechanism of TE/ICM segregation.MethodsThis article discusses a current possible model based on recent studies including the finding through live‐cell imaging of the expression patterns of caudal type homeobox 2 (Cdx2), a key transcription factor of TE differentiation in the mouse embryo.ResultsIt was observed that a part of outer Cdx2‐expressing blastomeres was internalized at the around 20‐ to 30‐cell stage, downregulates Cdx2, ceases TE differentiation, and participates in ICM lineages.ConclusionThe early blastomere, which starts differentiation toward the TE cell fate, still has plasticity and can change its fate. Differentiation potency of all blastomeres until approximately the 32‐cell stage is presumably not irreversibly restricted even if they show heterogeneity in their epigenetic modifications or gene expression patterns.
Enhanced Functional Properties of Ti3C2Tx MXenes as Negative Electrodes in Sodium‐Ion Batteries by Chemical Tuning
Authors: Gentile Antonio , Ferrara Chiara , Tosoni Sergio , Balordi Marcella , Marchionna Stefano , Cernuschi Federico , Kim Min‐Ho , Lee Hyun‐Wook , Ruffo Riccardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe large implementation of electrochemical energy storage devices requires the development of new chemistries tailored for specific uses. Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) can cover different application fields, however the state‐of‐the‐art negative material, hard carbon, suffers from poor cyclability and rate capability. MXenes are a vast class of 2D‐materials of the general formula Mn+1XnTx (M = transition metal, X = C or N, and T = M‐terminating group) with peculiar structural features able to reversible intercalate chemical species, such as alkaline cations. The MXene compound Ti3C2Tx is one of the most investigated, thanks to the easy preparation route by etching of the pristine compound Ti3AlC2. In this work, the effect of the etching conditions and of the postsynthesis thermal treatments on the chemical, morphological, and structural properties of Ti3C2Tx are investigated, and in turn the correlation between its features and the functional properties as negative materials in SIBs are studied. The Ti3C2Tx obtained in high hydrofluoric concentration and after a 300 °C thermal treatment shows 110 mAh g−1 at 30 mA g−1 with an average potential of 1.33 V versus Na+/Na, 100% and good rate capability, since it is still able to deliver 73 mAh g−1 at 1500 mA g−1.
Synergies and competition: Export survival in Africa and Latin America
Authors: Blanco Luisa , Mora Jesse , Olabisi Michael , Prieger James E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUsing firm‐level export data from six African (Burkina Faso and Senegal) and Latin American (Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay) countries, we examine factors that determine the survival of export flows. We explore the effects on export survival of changes in the number of home‐country exporters serving the same destination, firm‐level export diversification, and country‐level factors. Unlike previous studies, we find that export survival rates decrease with the number of co‐exporters selling the same product to the same country. We also find that the relationship between firm‐level product diversification and export flow survival is hump‐shaped: firms that do not diversify or are highly diversified have lower survival of product‐destination flows. Our findings are robust to various alternative specifications. The main findings hold across both regions and all countries. However, the number of co‐exporters negatively affects survival in Africa more than in Latin America.
Altered age‐linked regulation of plasma DYRK1A in elderly cognitive complainers (INSIGHT‐preAD study) with high brain amyloid load
Authors: Delabar Jean M. , Ortner Marion , Simon Stephanie , Wijkhuisen Anne , Feraudet‐Tarisse Cecile , Pegon Jonathan , Vidal Emma , Hirschberg Yael , Dubois Bruno , Potier Marie‐Claude 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionAn effective therapy has not yet been developed for Alzheimer's disease (AD), in part because pathological changes occur years before clinical symptoms manifest. We recently showed that decreased plasma DYRK1A identifies individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD, and that aged mice have higher DYRK1A levels.MethodsWe assessed DYRK1A in plasma in young/aged controls and in elderly cognitive complainers with low (L) and high (H) brain amyloid load.ResultsDYRK1A level increases with age in humans. However, plasma from elderly individuals reporting cognitive complaints showed that the H group had the same DYRK1A level as young adults, suggesting that the age‐associated DYRK1A increase is blocked in this group. L and H groups had similar levels of clusterin.DiscussionThese results are reflective of early changes in the brain. These observations suggest that plasma DYRK1A and not clusterin could be used to classify elderly memory complainers for risk for amyloid beta pathology.
Community water governance for urban water security in the Global South: Status, lessons, and prospects
Authors: Adams Ellis A. , Zulu Leo , Ouellette‐Kray Quinn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs public and private water policies fail to address urban water insecurity in the Global South, community‐based water governance (CWG) has emerged as an alternative. However, systematic understanding of the current state, performance, and future opportunities of urban CWG remains lacking. We critically review literature (75 case studies from 1990 to 2019) on urban CWG in the Global South, focusing on the current scope and status of knowledge; importance, challenges, innovations, and opportunities; and prospects for scaling up CWG to enhance water security in urban areas. Institutional arrangements, scope and complexity, capacity, and outcomes of CWG varied widely. Most case studies showed improvements in water quantity, supply reliability, pricing, community empowerment, employment, reduced nonrevenue water, and financial viability. Community partnerships with nongovernmental organizations, private‐sector agents, public utilities, and donors; technological innovations; and community autonomy were important for financial sustainability, asset security, and service improvements. Many CWG interventions however remained fragmented, limited in geographic scope, and were undermined by poor funding, weak infrastructure and capacity, political interference, overburdening of poor communities, and collective‐action challenges surrounding elite capture, marginalization, and unequal benefit sharing. We argue that these challenges notwithstanding, CWG interventions offer more benefits than failures and remain critical alternatives for urban water security in the Global South. New research is needed to understand the impact of CWG under diverse settings, the role of incentives and financing mechanisms, and how persistent collective‐action challenges including gendered participation and marginalization undermine CWG.This article is categorized under:Human Water > Water GovernanceEngineering Water > Planning Water