bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infraspecific diversification of the star cloak fern (Notholaena standleyi) in the deserts of the United States and Mexico
Authors: Kao Tzu‐Tong , Rothfels Carl J. , Melgoza‐Castillo Alicia , Pryer Kathleen M. , Windham Michael D. 
Published: April 2020

PremiseNot all ferns grow in moist and shaded habitats. One well‐known example is Notholaena standleyi, a species that thrives in deserts of the southwestern United States and Mexico. This species exhibits several “chemotypes” that differ in farina (flavonoid exudates) color and chemistry. By integrating data from molecular phylogenetics, cytology, biochemistry, and biogeography, we circumscribed the major evolutionary lineages within N. standleyi and reconstructed their diversification histories.MethodsForty‐eight samples were selected from across the geographic distribution of N. standleyi. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using four plastid and five nuclear markers. Ploidy levels were inferred using spore sizes calibrated by chromosome counts, and farina chemistry was compared using thin‐layer chromatography.ResultsFour clades are recognized, three of which roughly correspond to previously recognized chemotypes. The diploid clades G and Y are found in the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts, respectively; they are estimated to have diverged in the Pleistocene, congruent with the postulated timing of climatological events separating these two deserts. Clade P/YG is tetraploid and partially overlaps the distribution of clade Y in the eastern Chihuahuan Desert. It is apparently confined to limestone, a geologic substrate rarely occupied by members of the other clades. The cryptic (C) clade, a diploid group known only from southern Mexico and highly disjunct from the other three clades, is newly recognized here.ConclusionsOur results reveal a complex intraspecific diversification history of N. standleyi, traceable to a variety of evolutionary drivers including classic allopatry, parapatry with or without changes in geologic substrate, and sympatric divergence through polyploidization.
Constitutive modeling of injection‐molded short‐fiber composites: Characterization and model application
Authors: Amiri‐Rad Ahmad , Wismans Martijn , Pastukhov Leonid V. , Govaert Leon E. , van Dommelen Johannes A. W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA previously developed constitutive model for short‐fiber reinforced thermoplastics is applied to an injection‐molded component with a complex geometry and microstructure. This macro‐scale continuum‐based model is able to capture the anisotropic viscoelastic‐viscoplastic response of the material. In injection‐molded short‐fiber composites, the anisotropic mechanical properties depend strongly on the fiber orientation distribution, which generally displays a marked variation throughout the product. This makes the material characterization and model application challenging. In this article, two characterization and model application strategies are proposed. These techniques, together with the developed constitutive model provide a strong tool for reliable prediction of the mechanical response of an injection molded product, where inputs to the finite element analysis are obtained directly from a numerical simulation of the injection molding process. In this article, from the output provided by an injection molding process simulation software such as Moldflow, the distribution of anisotropic elastic and plastic properties throughout the component is found and the data is imported to the finite element mesh. Mechanical tests are performed on a validation product and results are compared with model predictions from finite element simulations. Through this comparison, the performance of the constitutive model and also proposed procedures for characterization and model application are investigated.
Hyaluronic acid microneedles‐laden collagen cryogel plugs for ocular drug delivery
Authors: Saraswathy Krishnapriya , Agarwal Gopal , Srivastava Akshay 
Published: April 2020

AbstractParticle loaded hydrogels have shown to provide prolonged delivery of drug in a controlled manner. We propose that embedding drug‐loaded hyaluronic acid (HA) microneedles in supermacroporous collagen type‐I (Col‐I) cryogel plugs may enhance the hydration and provide prolonged release of drug for ocular diseases. In this study, we have fabricated Col‐I cryogel and HA‐microneedles embedded Col‐I cryogel at sub‐zero temperature using 4S‐arm Star‐PEG as a crosslinker. The fabricated novel Col‐I cryogels have shown supermacroporous morphology with solvent uptake capacity of nearly 90% due to large pore volume and high interconnectivity. These features of the cryogel enable the release the drug in a controlled and sustained manner. The fabricated cryogels have demonstrated nearly 50% degradation in simulated tear fluid within 15 days of duration. Moreover, the microneedles incorporated cryogels have shown prolonged release of required therapeutic concentration of drug that may satisfy the present dire need for antibacterial drug delivery in eyes. The variation in the drug release kinetics from Col‐I cryogel and HA‐microneedles‐laden‐Col‐I cryogels have been studied in different release media (PBS and Simulated tear fluid).
Coumarin‐containing hybrids and their antibacterial activities
Authors: Feng Dongxu , Zhang Aihua , Yang Yuan , Yang Peng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInfections caused by Gram‐positive and ‐negative bacteria are one of the foremost causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Antibiotics are the mainstay of therapy for bacterial infections, but the emergence and wide spread of drug‐resistant pathogens have already become a huge issue for public healthcare systems. The coumarin moiety, which is ubiquitous in nature, could bind to the B subunit of DNA gyrase in bacteria and inhibit DNA supercoiling by blocking the ATPase activity; hence, coumarin derivatives possess potential antibacterial activity. Several coumarin‐containing hybrids such as coumermycin A1, clorobiocin, and novobiocin have already been used in clinical practice for the treatment of various bacterial infections; thus, it is conceivable that hybridization of the coumarin moiety with other antibacterial pharmacophores may provide opportunities for the development of novel antibiotics. This review outlines the advances in coumarin‐containing hybrids with antibacterial potential in the recent 5 years and the structure–activity relationships are also discussed.
Potable Water Reuse in Small Inland Communities: Oasis or Mirage?
Authors: Scruggs Caroline E. , Lawler Desmond F. , Tchobanoglous George , Thomson Bruce M. , Schwarzman Megan R. , Howe Kerry J. , Schuler Andrew J. 
Published: April 2020

Key TakeawaysPotable reuse can benefit communities with threatened water supplies, but barriers to implementation exist, particularly for smaller communities.Among the challenges associated with potable reuse, the potential health risks of unregulated chemical contaminants found in treated wastewater deserve more attention.Gaps in research and policy regarding contaminants of emerging concern need to be addressed before treated wastewater is used to expand the potable water supplies of smaller communities.
Relevant and irrelevant predictors in PLS2
Authors: Stocchero Matteo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPartial least square regression (PLS) is largely applied to solve regression problems when correlation and redundancy are present in the data. In spite of many studies about feature selection and variable importance have been published, to select the subset of relevant features useful to explain the behaviour of the system under investigation and the subset of irrelevant predictors that can be ignored is still an open issue. Here, a new strategy to measure variable importance is introduced, and a wrapper method is proposed for selecting relevant and irrelevant predictors. The variable importance measure is developed grouping the predictors in classes of equivalent features by clustering in the latent space and considering the variations of the goodness of the PLS2 model generated perturbing the block of the predictors. The wrapper method implements stability selection using bootstrap and feature selection. The behaviour of the new variable importance score and its use within the wrapper method are discussed investigating two simulated and one real data set.
Cationic Carbosilane Dendritic Systems as Promising Anti‐Amyloid Agents in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lozano‐Cruz Tania , Alcarraz‐Vizán Gema , de la Mata F. Javier , de Pablo Sara , Ortega Paula , Duarte Yorley , Bravo‐Moraga Felipe , González‐Nilo Fernando D. , Novials Anna , Gómez Rafael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe most common denominator of many of the neurodegenerative diseases is badly folded protein accumulation, which results in the formation of insoluble protein deposits located in different parts of the organism, causing cell death and tissue degeneration. Dendritic systems have turned out to be a promising new therapeutic approach for the treatment of these diseases due to their ability to modulate the folding of these proteins. With this perspective, and focused on type 2 diabetes (T2D), characterized by the presence of deposits containing the amyloidogenic islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), we demonstrate how different topologies of cationic carbosilane dendrimers inhibit the formation of insoluble protein deposits in pancreatic islets isolated from transgenic Tg‐hIAPP mice. Also, the results obtained by the modification of dendritic carbosilane wedges with the chemical chaperone 4‐phenylbutyric acid (4‐PBA) at the focal point confirmed their potential as anti‐amyloid agents with a concentration efficiency in their therapeutic action five orders of magnitude lower than that observed for free 4‐PBA. Computational studies, which determined the main interaction between IAPP and dendrimers at the atomic level, support the experimental work.
Highly Selective Binding and Inhibition of Pyr‐His‐Pro‐NH2 (TRH) Function using a Polypyridinyl Macrocyclic Receptor with an Amphiphilic Cavity
Authors: Hou Chao‐Ping , Yang Jian , Zhang Lei , Ma Zhen‐Hua , Li Qian , Xiang Jun‐Feng , Gong Han‐Yuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMacrocycle, cyclo[4] [(1,3‐(4,6)‐dimethylbezene)[4](2,6‐(3,5)‐dimethylpyridine (B4P4), shows highly selective binding affinity with protirelin (Pyr‐His‐Pro‐NH2; TRH) among the tested 26 drug or drug adductive substrates. The stable complexation in a 1:1 manner was fully characterized in solution, gas phase, and solid state study. Furthermore, B4P4 acts as an efficient TRH inhibitor even at [macrocycle]:[drug] <1:300, both in membrane transport and cellar incubation. The current work provides an unprecedented strategy for macrocycles to be efficiently used in drug target therapy.
A shift of the perceptual attributes of color due to the manifestation of the simultaneous contrast effect on a display
Authors: Hajdek Krunoslav , Budimir Ivan , Matijević Mile 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis research shows the effect of simultaneous contrast on a design solution that generates it, and it also shows how its manifestation affects the shift of perception attributes of the observer's color. In the conducted research, 55 subjects had to harmonize the primary stimuli from the reproduction obtained with the help of digital printing technology, with the primary stimuli presented on two computer screens. As a visual harmonization technique, simultaneous binocular harmonization was used. The primary stimuli were made achromatic, with a 50% Raster Tone value (RTV), and are surrounded by achromatic secondary stimuli whose values increase in steps from 10% RTV up to 100% RTV. A shift in the perceptual attributes of color has been shown with the help of the CIEDE2000 system. Using ANOVA with repeated‐measures and Fisher's post hoc analysis, statistically significant differences were found between the perceived means of shift in the ΔC00 chroma and ΔL00 lightness on defined samples on both computer screens, while in the case of the ΔH00 hue, no statistically significant differences were observed. The research also determined colorimetric differences in the ΔE00 color difference. Moreover, the student's t test was used to determine that the effect is stronger when manifested on the Lenovo computer than on the Asus computer screen (P < .05).
First‐in‐Human Studies of MW01‐6‐189WH, a Brain‐Penetrant, Antineuroinflammatory Small‐Molecule Drug Candidate: Phase 1 Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Studies in Healthy Adult Volunteers
Authors: Van Eldik Linda J. , Sawaki Lumy , Bowen Karen , Laskowitz Daniel T. , Noveck Robert J. , Hauser Byron , Jordan Lynn , Spears Tracy G. , Wu Huali , Watt Kevin , Raja Shruti , Roy Saktimayee M. , Watterson D. Martin , Guptill Jeffrey T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMW01‐6‐189WH (MW189) is a novel central nervous system–penetrant small‐molecule drug candidate that selectively attenuates stressor‐induced proinflammatory cytokine overproduction and is efficacious in intracerebral hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury animal models. We report first‐in‐human, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 1 studies to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of single and multiple ascending intravenous doses of MW189 in healthy adult volunteers. MW189 was safe and well tolerated in single and multiple doses up to 0.25 mg/kg, with no clinically significant concerns. The most common drug‐related treatment‐emergent adverse event was infusion‐site reactions, likely related to drug solution acidity. No clinically concerning changes were seen in vital signs, electrocardiograms, physical or neurological examinations, or safety laboratory results. PK analysis showed dose‐proportional increases in plasma concentrations of MW189 after single or multiple doses, with approximately linear kinetics and no significant drug accumulation. Steady state was achieved by dose 3 for all dosing cohorts. A pilot pharmacodynamic study administering low‐dose endotoxin to induce a systemic inflammatory response was done to evaluate the effects of a single intravenous dose of MW189 on plasma cytokine levels. MW189 treatment resulted in lower levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF‐α and higher levels of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 compared with placebo treatment. The outcomes are consistent with the pharmacological mechanism of MW189. Overall, the safety profile, PK properties, and pharmacodynamic effect support further development of MW189 for patients with acute brain injury.
Comparative study on electrocardiogram encryption using elliptic curves cryptography and data encryption standard for applications in Internet of medical things
Authors: Zheng Lijuan , Wang Zihan , Tian Senping 
Published: April 2020

SummaryElectrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring systems are widely used in tele‐cardiology healthcare and applications of Internet of Medical Things. In order to guarantee the rapidity, stability, and accuracy of ECG signals in acquisition and transmission, the data delay, loss, and destruction must be considered in dynamic ECG monitoring system. Hence, data encryption as a key processing technique must carefully be selected in such applications. In this article, we comparatively studied the data encryption standard (DES) and elliptic curves cryptography (ECC) for applications in remote ECG monitoring. The study revealed that although both the encryption methods could effectively protect the integrity of data and ensure the operation of ECG monitoring system, the ECC method perform better than DES especially from the perspective of rapidity. In conclusion, the ECC is recommended as the candidate of encryption method in remote ECG monitoring systems.
Using Direct RNA Nanopore Sequencing to Deconvolute Viral Transcriptomes
Authors: Depledge Daniel P. , Wilson Angus C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe genomes of DNA viruses encode deceptively complex transcriptomes evolved to maximize coding potential within the confines of a relatively small genome. Defining the full range of viral RNAs produced during an infection is key to understanding the viral replication cycle and its interactions with the host cell. Traditional short‐read (Illumina) sequencing approaches are problematic in this setting due to the difficulty of assigning short reads to individual RNAs in regions of transcript overlap and to the biases introduced by the required recoding and amplification steps. Additionally, different methodologies may be required to analyze the 5′ and 3′ ends of RNAs, which increases both cost and effort. The advent of long‐read nanopore sequencing simplifies this approach by providing a single assay that captures and sequences full length RNAs, either in cDNA or native RNA form. The latter is particularly appealing as it reduces known recoding biases whilst allowing more advanced analyses such as estimation of poly(A) tail length and the detection of RNA modifications including N6‐methyladenosine. Using herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐infected primary fibroblasts as a template, we provide a step‐by‐step guide to the production of direct RNA sequencing libraries suitable for sequencing using Oxford Nanopore Technologies platforms and provide a simple computational approach to deriving a high‐quality annotation of the HSV transcriptome from the resulting sequencing data. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Productive infection of primary fibroblasts with herpes simplex virusSupport Protocol: Cell passage and plating of primary fibroblastsBasic Protocol 2: Preparation and sequencing of dRNA‐seq libraries from virus‐infected cellsBasic Protocol 3: Processing, alignment, and analysis of dRNA‐seq datasets
Root length density of cereal and grain legume crops grown in diverse rotations
Authors: Osborne Shannon L. , Chim Bee Khim , Riedell Walter E. , Schumacher Thomas E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe development of crop rotations to support sustainable agriculture depends on understanding how crop rotations affect above‐ and belowground crop characteristics. Our objectives were to investigate crop rotation effects on shoot dry weight and root characteristics of cereal and grain legume crops at anthesis, as well as on grain yield. Rotations were corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CS), corn–soybean–spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–field pea (Pisum sativum L.) (CSSwP), corn–soybean–spring wheat–sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (CSSwSf), corn–field pea–winter wheat–soybean (CPWwS), and corn–oat (Avena sativa L.)–winter wheat‐soybean (COWwS). Crop biomass and root samples were collected at crop anthesis for each crop within the crop rotation. Two soil cores were taken within each of the crops grown in rotation, and the two soil cores were cut into segments of 0–15, 15–30, 30–45, 45–60, 60–90, and 90–120 cm and combined for measuring root length density. Rotations were established in 2000 with plants measured in 2015 and 2016. Rotations had no significant effects on shoot dry weight at anthesis. Small grains had greater root length density than grain legumes between 0‐ and 60‐cm soil depths. Rotation treatments had significant effects only on soybean root length density at 0‐ to 90‐cm soil depths. Soybean following winter wheat (CPWwS and COWwS) had significantly less root length density than soybean following corn. Soybean grain yield was significantly greater following winter wheat (CPWwS and COWwS) than in other rotations. Thus, smaller root systems at anthesis in soybean following winter wheat were associated with higher grain yield at maturity.
Sustainable development drivers of companies: An international and multilevel analysis
Authors: Cassely Ludovic , Revelli Christophe , Ben Larbi Sami , Lacroux Alain 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBy adopting a pluralistic theoretical framework from stakeholder theory, neo‐institutional theory, and the resource‐based view, this article aims to identify the determinants of the sustainable development commitment or corporate social performance (CSP) of companies in an international context through a macrolevel, mesolevel, and microlevel analysis. Using a methodology based on generalized estimation equation models and social data from the Vigeo Eiris longitudinal database (2004–2015), the study shows that the economic system, in the sense of Amable, and the industrial sector have the greatest influence on CSP and its dimensions. This finding puts into perspective work that attributes high explanatory power to macroeconomic and mesoeconomic variables and moderates the influence of microeconomic variables on CSP, as firm size, R&D policy, and financial performance.
Conditional inactivation of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in neural crest cells leads to cardiac abnormalities
Authors: Sanchez Joshua , Miyake Risa , Cheng Andrew , Liu Ting , Iseki Sachiko , Kume Tsutomu 
Published: April 2020

SummaryCardiac neural crest cells (cNCCs) are required for normal heart development. cNCCs are a multipotent and migratory cell lineage that differentiates into multiple cell types. cNCCs migrate into the developing heart to contribute to the septation of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT). Foxc1 and Foxc2 are closely related members of the FOX (Forkhead box) transcription factor family and are expressed in cNCC during heart development. However, the precise role of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in cNCCs has yet to be fully described. We found that compound NCC‐specific Foxc1;Foxc2 mutant embryos exhibited persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA), ventricular septal defects (VSDs), and thinning of the ventricular myocardium. Loss of Foxc1/c2 expression in cNCCs resulted in abnormal patterns of cNCC migration into the OFT without the formation of the aorticopulmonary septum. Further, loss of Foxc1 expression in cNCCs resulted in normal OFT development but abnormal ventricular septal formation. In contrast, loss of Foxc2 expression in NCCs led to no obvious cardiac abnormalities. Together, we provide evidence that Foxc1 and Foxc2 in cNCCs are cooperatively required for proper cNCC migration, the formation of the OFT septation, and the development of the ventricles. Our data also suggests that Foxc1 expression may play a larger role in ventricular development compared to Foxc2.
Fire risk assessment in cotton storage based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and Bayesian network
Authors: Chen Jinyue , Ji Jie , Ding Long , Wu Jiansong 
Published: April 2020

SummaryCotton storage fire develops rapidly, and it has high probability of being out of control and causing huge economic loss. In order to carry out a quantitative risk assessment of cotton storage fire accidents, a dynamic risk assessment model of cotton storage fire is established by means of data analysis, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE), cases study and expert opinions based on Bayesian network (BN). The model includes three sections (fire causes section, fire discoverer section, fire control section) and one mainline, with 22 nodes, and gives accident risk in the form of economic loss. Risk can be renewed quickly by giving new evidence to model nodes of BN. The application of FCE provides a feasible solution to solve the data deficiency problem in databases, experiment results and experience in model construction. Sensitivity analysis result shows firefighters participation, timely control of fire, firefighting systems and workers are important to put out the fire. A case study shows that the loss of a fire accident happened in an open storage yard is more serious than the loss of a similar fire accident happened in warehouse. This model provides support for cotton storage fire risk management and decision‐making in an emergency fire accident.