bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population dynamics, breeding patterns and spatial use of the garden dormouse (Eliomys quercinus) in an Alpine habitat
Authors: Bertolino Sandro , Viano Cristina , Currado Italo 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPopulation dynamics, breeding patterns and spatial use of the garden dormouse Eliomys quercinus were studied for 3 years in a larch woodland in the Alps. Animals were caught with live‐traps, once a month from May to September, and marked with transponder tags. Population density ranged from a minimum of 8.3 individuals/10 ha to a maximum of 49.4 individuals/10 ha when juveniles became trappable. The activity season of the garden dormouse lasts 5 months and allows the animals to reproduce only once a year. Birth rates fell between the middle of June and the middle of August. The dormouse population was characterized by high stability and adults continued to live in the same area from year to year. The main factor limiting the survival of individuals was winter mortality. Survival on the trapping grid through hibernation was 36–50% for adults and c. 32% for juveniles. During the mating season, males and females were aggregated and overlapped their ranges, and after the mating season, they spread out. The tendency of the reproductive females to have separate non‐overlapping ranges is indicative of a probable territorial behaviour in females during gestation and lactation.
Geographic variation in the Tete veld rat Aethomys ineptus (Rodentia: Muridae) from southern Africa
Authors: Chimimba C. T. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe Tete veld rat Aethomys ineptus Thomas & Wroughton, 1908 is a newly recognized, widely distributed species in southern Africa. Analysis of geographic variation among samples of A. ineptus from southern Africa across a more comprehensive geographical range than has previously been considered suggests that the species has a clinal pattern of variation in which overall cranial size was positively and significantly correlated with longitude. While the suggested clinal pattern of cranial size variation may be valid, the status of some operational taxonomic units, however, may require further refinement involving additional sampling as well as other systematic techniques, such as DNA analysis, cytogenetics and geometric morphometrics. These additional studies may have to include geographic information systems, step‐wise multiple regression, and trend‐surface analysis involving a wide range of environmental parameters to identify factors that may explain the nature and extent of the delineated pattern of geographic variation within A. ineptus from southern Africa. Consequently, the seven previously recognized subspecies recently assigned to A. ineptus in southern Africa (A. chrysophilus tzaneenensis Jameson, 1909; A. c. pretoriae Roberts, 1913; A. c. magalakuini Roberts, 1926; A. c. capricornis Roberts, 1926; A. c. tongensis Roberts, 1931; A. c. fouriei Roberts, 1946; and A. c. harei Roberts, 1946) are only provisionally synonymized.
Annual and seasonal variation of survival rates in the garden dormouse (Eliomys quercinus)
Authors: Schaub Michael , Vaterlaus‐Schlegel Christian 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAnnual local survival of the garden dormouse Elyomis quercinus, a small, hibernating rodent, was studied by Cormack–Jolly–Seber models. The survival rates differed significantly between the 4 years of the study; the average rate was 0.38 (95% confidence interval: 0.25–0.52). Survival rates were not significantly different between sexes. Because all garden dormice were captured after weaning, pre‐weaning survival could not be estimated. After weaning, the annual survival rates did not differ between age cohorts. In order to find out which phases within the annual cycle were more prone to mortality, survival was studied on a bimonthly scale as well. Survival during hibernation was estimated to be close to unity, while survival during the active phase of life in summer was considerably lower. The winter temperatures of the study years were similar to the long‐year average; thus garden dormice were well adapted to these average conditions. Although hibernation is energetically challenging, it is not necessarily accompanied by increased mortality, as found in other studies focusing on survival during hibernation.
Complexity and Probability of Some Boolean Formulas
Authors: SAVICKÝ PETR 
Published: July 2002

For any Boolean function f, let L(f)

be its formula size complexity in the basis {∧, [oplus ] 1}.
For every n and every k[les ]n/2, we describe

a probabilistic distribution on formulas in the basis {∧, [oplus ] 1}

in some given set of n variables and of size at most
[lscr ](k)=4k.
Let pn,k(f) be
the probability that the formula chosen from the distribution
computes the function f. For every function f with
L(f)[les ][lscr ](k)α,
where α=log4(3/2), we have
pn,k(f)>0. Moreover,
for every function
f, if pn,k(f)>0,
thenformula herewhere c>1 is an absolute constant. Although the
upper and lower bounds are exponentially
small in [lscr ](k), they are quasi-polynomially related whenever

[lscr ](k)[ges ]lnΩ(1)n. The construction

is a step towards developing a model appropriate for investigation of the
properties of a
typical (random) Boolean function of some given complexity.
The value of hydrometric information in water resources management and flood control
Authors: Walker Susan 
Published: July 2002

AbstractHydrometric information is fundamental to the planning, operation and management of water resources and flood defence. The data network is greatly valued by those who use it, yet assignment of a monetary or economic value is problematic. Data managers are often frustrated by the need to continue to justify a network. The paper focuses on the uses of data within the Environment Agency of the UK, explores the difficulties in assigning a value to the data and attempts to review the value ascribed to such data by drawing on some UK and wider examples. Copyright © 2000 Royal Meteorological Society
Forecasting minimum temperature during winter and maximum temperature during summer at Delhi
Authors: Mohanty U C , Ravi N , Madan O P , Paliwal R K 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA knowledge of minimum temperature during winter and maximum temperature during summer is a very useful for individuals, as well as for organisations whose workers and machines have to operate in the open, e.g. the armed forces, railways, roadways, tourism, etc. Accurate forecasts of minimum temperature during winter help in the prediction of cold‐wave conditions and those of maximum temperature during summer help in the prediction of heat‐wave conditions over northern India. Models for forecasting the minimum temperature during December and the maximum temperature during May at Delhi have been developed using surface and upper‐air meteorological data from 1984–89. The results of testing the models on independent data from recent years (1994–95) are presented. The results are encouraging and more than 80% of the forecasts are correct within ±2°C. Possible reasons for large deviations are also investigated. Copyright © 1997 Royal Meteorological Society
Objective fronts
Authors: Hewson T D 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper addresses the long‐standing problem of plotting atmospheric fronts objectively. A thermodynamic definition of a front is proposed. Time‐independent diagnostic quantities are then devised according to this definition. These can be computed from any gridded dataset. Fronts are then plotted, without human intervention, by utilising standard graphics package facilities, such as contouring, to represent the diagnostics. The methodology includes applying threshold criteria to erase automatically fronts which are thermally weak. By tuning these criteria a good match with subjective fronts is obtained. In addition, the objective surface fronts very often coincide with troughs in surface pressure, implying that a thermodynamic definition is sufficient. The objective front‐plotting is further developed to recognise split fronts, and ana‐ and kata‐front characteristics. Many examples are presented; these illustrate how objective fronts are potentially a very powerful tool for both forecasting and research. At the Joint Centre for Mesoscale Meteorology plots and animations showing objective fronts have been produced on a daily basis for many months now. Copyright © 1998 Royal Meteorological Society
Experiments with a straightforward model for the spatial forecast of fog/low stratus clearance based on multi‐source data
Authors: Reudenbach Ch , Bendix J 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA straightforward model for the spatial calculation of the time of fog clearance is presented which is based on thermodynamic equations, spatial data sets such as NOAA‐AVHRR satellite data, Digital Elevation Model, and horizontal and vertical meteorological observations. The model has been tested on two days with extended fog layers within the study area. The local validation of the model reveals an accuracy in fog clearance of 4 minutes by comparing the model result with meteorological observations. A spatial validation by means of a reference NOAA overpass indicates an under‐estimation of the fog‐covered area by the model of 2.9% at the time of the reference image. Five minutes before reference time, the spatial correspondence of the modelled and the reference fog coverage increases to 98.9%. The temporal deviation of uncoinciding pixels between reference and modelled fog image at reference time is less than ±30 minutes in 68% of the total number of fog‐covered pixels and therefore matches the accuracy of local tephigram methods. However, for individual pixels a time error of up to ±60 minutes occurs for the time of fog clearance. Time errors are probably mainly due to an inaccurate estimation of fog thickness. Copyright © 1998 Royal Meteorological Society
Genomic Sequence Analysis of Fugu rubripes CFTR and Flanking Genes in a 60 kb Region Conserving Synteny with 800 kb of Human Chromosome 7
Authors: Davidson Heather , Taylor Martin S. , Doherty Ann , Boyd A. Christopher , Porteous David J. 
Published: July 2002

To define control elements that regulate tissue-specific expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), we have sequenced 60 kb of genomic DNA from the puffer fish Fugu rubripes (Fugu) that includes the CFTR gene. This region of the Fugu genome shows conservation of synteny with 800-kb sequence of the human genome encompassing the WNT2, CFTR, Z43555, and CBP90 genes. Additionally, the genomic structure of each gene is conserved. In a multiple sequence alignment of human, mouse, andFugu, the putative WNT2 promoter sequence is shown to contain highly conserved elements that may be transcription factor or other regulatory binding sites. We have found two putative ankyrin repeat-containing genes that flank the CFTR gene. Overall sequence analysis suggests conservation of intron/exon boundaries betweenFugu and human CFTR and revealed extensive homology between functional protein domains. However, the immediate 5′ regions of human and Fugu CFTR are highly divergent with few conserved sequences apart from those resembling diminished cAMP response elements (CRE) and CAAT box elements. Interestingly, the polymorphic polyT tract located upstream of exon 9 is present in human and Fugu but absent in mouse. Similarly, an intron 1 and intron 9 element common to human and Fugu is absent in mouse. The euryhaline killifish CFTR coding sequence is highly homologous to the Fugusequence, suggesting that upregulation of CFTR in that species in response to salinity may be regulated transcriptionally.[The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank data library under accession no. AJ271361, for the combined cosmids 159C9, 146H13, 6M15, and 145M20.]
RePS: A Sequence Assembler That Masks Exact Repeats Identified from the Shotgun Data
Authors: Wang Jun , Wong Gane Ka-Shu , Ni Peixiang , Han Yujun , Huang Xiangang , Zhang Jianguo , Ye Chen , Zhang Yong , Hu Jianfei , Zhang Kunlin , Xu Xin , Cong Lijuan , Lu Hong , Ren Xide , Ren Xiaoyu , He Jun , Tao Lin , Passey Douglas A. , Wang Jian , Yang Huanming , Yu Jun , Li Songgang 
Published: July 2002

We describe a sequence assembler, RePS(repeat-masked Phrap with scaffolding), that explicitly identifies exact 20mer repeats from the shotgun data and removes them prior to the assembly. The established software Phrap is used to compute meaningful error probabilities for each base. Clone-end-pairing information is used to construct scaffolds that order and orient the contigs. We show with real data for human and rice that reasonable assemblies are possible even at coverages of only 4× to 6×, despite having up to 42.2% in exact repeats.[The following individuals kindly provided reagents, samples, or unpublished information as indicated in the paper: P. Green and A.F. Smit.]
Xenobiotic Biotransformation in Unicellular Green Algae (Involvement of Cytochrome P450 in the Activation and Selectivity of the Pyridazinone Pro-Herbicide Metflurazon)
Authors: Thies F. , Backhaus T. , Bossmann B. , Grimme L. H. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The N-demethylation of the pyridazinone pro-herbicide metflurazon into norflurazon implies a toxification in photosynthetic organisms. This is confirmed by quantitative structure activity relationships determined for two unicellular green algae, Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlorella fusca; however, the latter is 25 to 80 times more sensitive to metflurazon. This sensitivity is linked to differences in the N-demethylase activity of both algae, as determined by an optimized in vivo biotransformation assay. Apparent Km values of the metflurazon-N-demethylase indicate a 10-fold higher affinity for this xenobiotic substrate for Chlorella fusca. Furthermore, algal metflurazon-N-demethylation is characterized by distinct variations in activity, depending on the stage of cell development within the cell cycle. Several well-established inhibitors of cytochrome P450-mediated reactions, including piperonyl-butoxide, 1-aminobenzotriazole, 1-phenoxy-3-(1H-1,2,4-triol-1yI)-4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethylhexane, and tetcyclacis, as well as cinnamic acid, a potential endogenous substrate, inhibited the N-demethylation of metflurazon. The results suggest that the N-demethylation of metflurazon by both algae is mediated by a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase. The determination of antigenic cross-reactivity of algal proteins with heterologous polyclonal antibodies originally raised against plant P450s, anti-cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (CYP73A1), anti-ethoxycoumarin-O-dealkylase, anti-tulip allene oxidase (CYP74), and an avocado P450 (CYP71A1) or those of bacterial origin, CYP105A1 and CYP105B1, suggests the presence of distinct P450 isoforms in both algae.
Purification and Immunological Identification of Metallothioneins 1 and 2 from Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Murphy A. , Zhou J. , Goldsbrough P. B. , Taiz L. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Gene families encoding two types of metallothioneins (MTs), MT1 and MT2, have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, and their respective mRNAs have been shown to be regulated by copper in a tissue-specific manner (J. Zhou and P.B. Goldsbrough [1994] Plant Cell 6: 875–884; J. Zhou and P.B. Goldsbrough [1995] Mol Gen Genet 248: 318–328; A.S. Murphy and L. Taiz [1995] Plant Physiol 109:1–10). However, to date the protein products have not been identified. To purify MT proteins from Arabidopsis, we isolated low-molecular-mass, copper-binding, thiol-rich proteins using selective precipitation followed by size-exclusion, copper-affinity, and thiol-affinity chromatographies. Polyclonal antibodies raised against Arabidopsis MT-glutathione-S-transferase fusion proteins cross-reacted with the 4.5- and 8-kD bands in immunoblots of low-molecular-mass, copper-binding proteins purified from seedling, mature leaf, and mature root tissues. The identity of the proteins was subsequently confirmed by amino acid sequencing. MT1 expression was constitutive in roots and inducible by copper in mature leaves; the reverse pattern was observed for MT2. MT2 expression was also concentrated in the growing tip of the root. The accumulation of the MT1- and MT2-encoded proteins thus parallels the regulation of their respective mRNAs with regard to tissue specificity and induction by copper. In addition, a new type of MT, designated MT3, was derived from the database, detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and tentatively identified at the protein level by amino acid sequencing of a 7-kD cysteine-rich polypeptide.
Calmodulin-stimulated Ca2+-ATPases in the Vacuolar and Plasma Membranes in Cauliflower
Authors: Askerlund P. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The subcellular locations of Ca2+-ATPases in the membranes of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) inflorescences were investigated. After continuous sucrose gradient centrifugation a 111-kD calmodulin (CaM)-stimulated and CaM-binding Ca2+-ATPase (BCA1; P. Askerlund [1996] Plant Physiol 110: 913–922; S. Malmstrom, P. Askerlund, M.G. Palmgren [1997] FEBS Lett 400: 324–328) comigrated with vacuolar membrane markers, whereas a 116-kD CaM-binding Ca2+-ATPase co-migrated with a marker for the plasma membrane. The 116-kD Ca2+-ATPase was enriched in plasma membranes obtained by aqueous two-phase partitioning, which is in agreement with a plasma membrane location of this Ca2+-ATPase. Countercurrent distribution of a low-density intracellular membrane fraction in an aqueous two-phase system resulted in the separation of the endoplasmic reticulum and vacuolar membranes. The 111-kD Ca2+-ATPase co-migrated with a vacuolar membrane marker after countercurrent distribution but not with markers for the endoplasmic reticulum. A vacuolar membrane location of the 111-kD Ca2+-ATPase was further supported by experiments with isolated vacuoles from cauliflower: (a) Immunoblotting with an antibody against the 111-kD Ca2+-ATPase showed that it was associated with the vacuoles, and (b) ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake by the intact vacuoles was found to be CaM stimulated and partly protonophore insensitive.
Activation of Pollen Tube Callose Synthase by Detergents (Evidence for Different Mechanisms of Action)
Authors: Li H. , Bacic A. , Read S. M. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
In pollen tubes of Nicotiana alata, a membrane-bound, Ca2+-independent callose synthase (CalS) is responsible for the biosynthesis of the (1,3)-β-glucan backbone of callose, the main cell wall component. Digitonin increases CalS activity 3- to 4-fold over a wide range of concentrations, increasing the maximum initial velocity without altering the Michaelis constant for UDP-glucose. The CalS activity that requires digitonin for assay (the latent CalS activity) is not inhibited bythe membrane-impermeant, active-site-directed reagent UDP-pyridoxal when the reaction is conducted in the absence of digitonin. This is consistent with digitonin increasing CalS activity bythe permeabilization of membrane vesicles. A second group of detergents, including 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane-sulfonate (CHAPS), Zwittergent 3–16, and 1-α--lysolecithin, activate pollen tube CalS 10- to 15-fold, but only over a narrow range of concentrations just below their respective critical micellar concentrations. This activation could not be attributed to any particular chemical feature of these detergents. CHAPS increases maximum initial velocity and decreases the Michaelis constant for UDP-glucose and activates CalS even in the presence of permeabilizing concentrations of digitonin. Inhibition studies with UDP-pyridoxal indicate that activation by CHAPS occurs by recruitment of previously inactive CalS molecules to the pool of active enzyme. The activation of pollen tube CalS by these detergents therefore resembles activation of the enzyme by trypsin.
Convergence of the Abscisic Acid, CO2, and Extracellular Calcium Signal Transduction Pathways in Stomatal Guard Cells
Authors: Webb AAR. , Hetherington A. M. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
We show that guard cells from Arabidopsis thaliana plants carrying the abscisic acid-insensitive mutations abi1 and abi2 fail to respond to CO2 and extracellular calcium. This demonstrates that the signal transduction pathways for all three stimuli converge on, or close to, the ABI1 and ABI2 gene products.
Analysis of cDNA Clones Encoding Sucrose-Phosphate Synthase in Relation to Sugar Interconversions Associated with Dehydration in the Resurrection Plant Craterostigma plantagineum Hochst
Authors: Ingram J. , Chandler J. W. , Gallagher L. , Salamini F. , Bartels D. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) is a key enzyme in the regulation of sucrose metabolism, being responsible for the synthesis of sucrose 6-phosphate from fructose 6-phosphate and uridine 5[prime]-diphosphate-glucose. We report on the isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding SPS from Craterostigma plantagineum Hochst., a resurrection plant in which the accumulation of sucrose is considered to play an important role in tolerance to severe protoplastic dehydration. Two distinct classes of cDNAs encoding SPS were isolated from C. plantagineum, and are represented by the clones Cpsps1 and Cpsps2. The transcripts corresponding to both cDNAs decrease to very low levels in dehydrating leaves of C. plantagineum. Only the Cpsps1 transcript occurs in the roots, where it is present at a higher level than in leaves and increases upon dehydration of the plant. Higher enzymatic activities have been determined in protein extracts of dehydrated tissues compared with untreated tissues, which correlates with an increase in protein levels. It is suggested that the overall regulation of SPS is strongly influenced by the changing composition of the cytoplasm in C. plantagineum leaves during the dehydration-rehydration cycle.
Manipulation of Catalase Levels Produces Altered Photosynthesis in Transgenic Tobacco Plants1
Authors: Brisson Louise F. , Zelitch Israel , Havir Evelyn A. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Constructs containing the cDNAs encoding the primary leaf catalase inNicotiana or subunit 1 of cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum) catalase were introduced in the sense and antisense orientation into the Nicotiana tabacum genome. TheN. tabacum leaf cDNA specifically overexpressed CAT-1, the high catalytic form, activity. Antisense constructs reduced leaf catalase specific activities from 0.20 to 0.75 times those of wild type (WT), and overexpression constructs increased catalase specific activities from 1.25 to more than 2.0 times those of WT. The NADH-hydroxypyruvate reductase specific activity in transgenic plants was similar to that in WT. The effect of antisense constructs on photorespiration was studied in transgenic plants by measuring the CO2 compensation point (Γ) at a leaf temperature of 38°C. A significant linear increase was observed in Γ with decreasing catalase (at 50% lower catalase activity Γ increased 39%). There was a significant temperature-dependent linear decrease in Γ in transgenic leaves with elevated catalase compared with WT leaves (at 50% higher catalase Γ decreased 17%). At 29°C, Γ also decreased with increasing catalase in transgenic leaves compared with WT leaves, but the trend was not statistically significant. Rates of dark respiration were the same in WT and transgenic leaves. Thus, photorespiratory losses of CO2 were significantly reduced with increasing catalase activities at 38°C, indicating that the stoichiometry of photorespiratory CO2 formation per glycolate oxidized normally increases at higher temperatures because of enhanced peroxidation.