bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of preventive maintenance framework in an Italian manufacturing company
Authors: Kundu Kaustav , Cifone Fabiana , Costa Federica , Portioli-Staudacher Alberto , Rossini Matteo 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide the description of an original framework for maintenance management plan development. The research aims to use in an integrated way different World Class Manufacturing (WCM)-based tools, in order to obtain a model which can be used for preventive maintenance in different industrial contexts.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, a conceptual framework of preventive maintenance was described and then it was evaluated through a qualitative study in an Italian company. The company was chosen based on an initial interview with the operations team and the model area was selected. Then, the location was reorganized in order to obtain a green field which could sustain the implementation of the framework tools.FindingsThe case study was carried out in a small-medium manufacturing company which produces quick-release couplings and multiconnections, ranging from medium to ultra-high pressure. The defined framework has proved to be easy to implement in a company with a corrective maintenance plan, allowing the maintenance department to embrace the preventive maintenance culture. The maintenance model has been well received from the employees.Practical implicationsThe framework allows a standardization of maintenance plans. Firstly, the standardization design itself allows finding previous wastes and consequent improvement areas. Then, it brings the improvement of a single machine which impacts all other machines in its family.Originality/valueThe added value of this study is the ability to integrate different WCM-based tools. Since the framework depicts a step-by-step process; it is also a starting point for companies that want to approach preventive maintenance for the first time.
Applying educational theory to develop a framework to support the delivery of experiential entrepreneurship education
Authors: Bell Robin , Bell Heather 
Published: October 2020

PurposeExperiential approaches have become increasingly common in entrepreneurship education in response to calls for different approaches to the traditional didactic process-driven approach. Experiential approaches offer the potential to develop the skills and mindset that are required in entrepreneurship. Research has highlighted the critical importance of educator pedagogical competence in the delivery and quality of teaching and learning in further and higher education. Nevertheless, educator narratives and practices are often based on foundations that suggest a lack in the depth of knowledge and understanding of the underlying pedagogic learning theories and practice. This paper brings educational theory and pedagogic practice together in a three-stage framework of the experiential entrepreneurship learning process to support entrepreneurship educators within further and higher education.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reviews and brings together the seminal educational theories and philosophies of constructivism, objectivism, Kolb's (1984) theory of experiential learning, Schön's (1983) reflection-in-action and Mezirow's (1997) theory of transformative learning, to develop a framework which underpins the experiential entrepreneurship learning process.FindingsThis paper develops a three-stage framework which informs the roles of an educator and a learner in experiential entrepreneurship education within further and higher education, based on educational theories and philosophies that inform the learning process.Practical implicationsThe developed framework supports the pedagogic competence of educators in the delivery of experiential entrepreneurship education through a deeper understanding of the supporting theory that informs the pedagogic practice. This will provide consolidation to enable educators to maximise the effectiveness of their educational practice (Kaynardağ, 2019) and can increase the legitimacy of entrepreneurship education (Foliardet al., 2018).Originality/valueThis paper meets calls in the literature to provide a closer engagement between educational theory and pedagogic practice to afford guidance as to how educators can navigate some of the different educational theories and philosophies to consolidate the effective delivery of quality experiential entrepreneurship education. Applying seminal educational theories and philosophies to ensure the quality of experiential education can support the legitimacy of experiential entrepreneurship education.
The translation between the required return on unlevered and levered equity for explicit cash flows and fixed debt financing
Authors: Becker Denis Mike 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe primary purpose of this paper is to develop the translation formula between the required return on unlevered and levered equity for the specific case where cash flows have a finite lifetime and the flow to debt is prespecified. The secondary purpose of this paper is to underpin the importance of the type of stochasticity of cash flows for translation formulas. A general derivation of such formulas and the discount rate in the free cash flow approach is shown.Design/methodology/approachThe paper starts with the same assumptions that have been applied by Modigliani and Miller (1963), Miles and Ezzell (1980) and other researchers. Then the paper develops the mathematical foundations to apply a deterministic backward-iterative scheme for valuing cash flows. After stating the valuation formulas for levered and unlevered equity, debt and tax shields, the authors mathematically derive the relationship between the unlevered return and levered return on equity.FindingsConventional translation formulas apply to very special cases. They can generally not be used for projects with nonconstant leverage and a finite lifetime. In general, translation formulas depend on continuing values, cash flows, leverage, taxation, risk-free rate, etc. In this paper, the translation depends on the structure of the debt in addition to the well-known parameters in conventional formulas. This paper formula contains the Modigliani-Miller translation formula as a special case.Originality/valueThe authors develop a novel formula for the translation of the required return on unlevered to levered equity. With this formula, the authors offer a solution for the consistent valuation of cash flows with a limited lifetime and given debt financing.
The effectiveness of behavioural interventions on increasing revenue from local fee
Authors: Sloboda Matúš , Pavlovský Patrik , Sičáková-Beblavá Emília 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe objective was to increase earnings of the city of Prievidza from waste disposal fee by proactive communication – reminder (a letter) and leaflets with targeted framing. The quasi-experiment aims to find out which type of leaflet framing (an injunctive social norm or public good) causes the most effective change in the debtors' behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThe article presents the results of a behavioural quasi-experiment, carried out on a local government level. The effectiveness of the intervention was tested in a quasi-experiment with the sample size 712, which is 35% of all waste disposal fee debtors in Prievidza.FindingsThe intervention that has proven to be the most effective was a reminder together with an injunctive social norm leaflet. It resulted in a 1.7 times higher probability for the debt to be paid. The results also indicate that a reminder is significantly more effective if targeted at debtors who only owe one payment–this group was three times more likely to pay their debt after being exposed to the intervention.Practical implicationsPublic policy recommendation is to primarily target the group of debtors who owe one payment.Originality/valueAnother testing and replication of this experiment design is highly important. Nonetheless, the first testing (field quasi-experiment) shows the potential of using the notification as well as social norm framing. It also appears that self-governments should use notifications to primarily address debtors without a long history of non-payment.
Numerical modelling of coupled seepage-deformation subjected to rainfall infiltration in unsaturated slope
Authors: Joe Edgar Jr , Ali Nazri , Jusoh Siti Norafida 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
This study aims to propose another alternative numerical modelling tool, i.e. ABAQUS, to simulate a fully coupled seepage-deformation analysis in unsaturated slope subjected to rainfall infiltration.

Design/methodology/approach
The effect of rainfall infiltration on the response of pore water pressure and factor of safety has been analysed and discussed. The results of this study have also been validated based on the results of field monitoring and previous numerical modelling.

Findings
The results from ABAQUS show a better agreement with those from field monitoring compared to other numerical modelling tools.

Originality/value
The procedures adopted in this study can be adopted and used as a guide to model similar slope problems in ABAQUS.
Competitive exclusion amongst endophytes determines shoot blight severity on pine
Authors: Oliva Jonàs , Ridley Maia , Redondo Miguel A. , Caballol Maria 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The role of competitive interactions among endophytes and latent pathogens that determine disease on stressed plants is largely unknown.

Shoot blight caused by Diplodia sapinea is an emerging disease affecting pine forests in Europe. D. sapinea is an endophyte that becomes pathogenic following drought or hail. Disease expression depends on the availability of nutrient‐rich metabolites produced by trees to alleviate stress. We studied whether competition for these compounds with other endophytes could modulate symptom expression.

We compared the shoot‐inhabiting fungal community of trees that developed blight symptoms or remained asymptomatic following a hailstorm that affected four pine species. Communities were characterised by isolation and metabarcoding of the ITS2 region. Endophytes were functionally annotated in their response to C, N and proline.

Hail promoted D. sapinea and other endophytes with a rapid colonisation strategy of N‐rich substrates. Asymptomatic trees had a community of endophytes showing a strong negative association with D. sapinea. These antagonistic endophytes were functionally similar to D. sapinea in their response traits to hail, but they were more specialised to proline. The association was conserved across pine species.

Our data suggest that after a stress‐inducing event, rapid niche occupation is critical for D. sapinea to cause disease. However, competition with other endophytes for key metabolites can supress the pathogen and prevent trees from developing symptoms.

Our findings can pave the way to a better understanding of the contribution of latent pathogens on widespread tree mortality events involving abiotic stressors, such as drought, heat or hail.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
From cradle to grave: how burial history controls the rock‐physics properties of quartzose sandstones
Authors: Lehocki Ivan , Avseth Per 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTRock‐physics properties of sands and sandstones are strongly affected by geological processes of the past, including deposition, compaction and exhumation. By honouring these geological processes, the rock‐physics modelling will be more predictive in areas with limited well control. This study performs rock‐physics modelling constrained by a given geological history, starting from deposition to mechanical and chemical compaction. Different geological factors, including sorting, grain size and clay coating, will affect the quartz cementation and rock stiffening of quartzose reservoir sandstones. By combining compaction models with rock‐physics contact theory, we can model the rock‐physics properties of sands/sandstones as a function of geologic time. We have demonstrated the approach on well log data from three selected wells on the Norwegian Continental Shelf, where the burial histories of the target reservoir sandstones are significantly different. We conclude that rock‐physics modelling constrained by burial history can be used to predict elastic properties quite accurately in these wells. The integrated approach presented in this study allows for more realistic rock‐physics depth trends in areas with complex burial history that can be used in AVO studies or to estimate net erosion associated with tectonic uplift.
European Monarchies: Guardians of Democracy?
Authors: Hazell Robert , Morris Bob 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHow is it possible to account for the continuing presence of monarchy in advanced social democracies? Much traditional political science assumes teleologically that monarchies inevitably transform into republics as a higher form of governance. This comparative study of the eight main European monarchies maintains otherwise: monarchy is perfectly compatible with democracy, and can help strengthen citizens’ loyalty to the system of government. Provided it delivers a politically impartial head of state, monarchy can endure indefinitely with government and popular support. In practice, the countries studied are de facto republics, but with hereditary heads of state who occupy social roles beyond the reach of quotidian politics. Monarchy’s principal danger is not republicanism, but the pressures of conflicting expectations about what is required of royal families, and the relentless intrusions of modern media in an age when royalty and celebrity are in danger of being conflated. Responses to Covid‐19 show how monarchs can speak to and for their nations in ways no partisan politician can.
How would citizens react to official advice in a nuclear emergency? Insights from research in three European countries
Authors: Turcanu Catrinel , Sala Roser , Perko Tanja , Abelshausen Bieke , Oltra Christian , Tomkiv Yevgeniya , Oughton Deborah , Liland Astrid , Zeleznik Nadja 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNuclear emergencies confront decision‐makers, emergency actors and publics with several challenges, many of which are related to social, ethical and communication aspects. Based on empirical data from three European countries, this paper investigates citizens' potential behaviour in an emergency situation. It analyses relationships between self‐assessed compliance with protective actions and a number of variables, including knowledge about protective actions, trustworthiness of communicators, perceived social norm (expectation of other residents' behaviour), perceived effectiveness and perceived difficulty of protective actions. Results suggest that most respondents expect to follow actions advised by authorities, except for leaving children at school or avoiding the use of phones. Moreover, large fractions of local and wider publics may seek to avoid risks by rejecting food produced in affected areas even when it satisfies legal norms or taking iodine tablets when not needed. Self‐assessed compliance with protective actions is positively correlated with perceived social norm, perceived effectiveness and compliance with other actions; and negatively correlated with perceived difficulty. Higher trust in the regulator is associated with higher compliance with some actions, but mostly among the local populations. We argue that clarifying and anticipating societal concerns contributes to enhancing societal resilience and the response to nuclear accidents.
Insights into chemical and sensorial aspects to understand and manage beer aging using chemometrics
Authors: Mutz Yhan S. , Rosario Denes K. A. , Conte‐Junior Carlos A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBeer chemical instability remains, at present, the main challenge in maintaining beer quality. Although not fully understood, after decades of research, significant progress has been made in identifying “aging compounds,” their origin, and formation pathways. However, as the nature of aging relies on beer manufacturing aspects such as raw materials, process variables, and storage conditions, the chemical profile differs among beers. Current research points to the impact of nonoxidative reactions on beer quality. The effect of Maillard and Maillard intermediates on the final beer quality has become the focus of beer aging research, as prevention of oxidation can only sustain beer quality to some extent. On the other hand, few studies have focused on tracing a profile of whose compound is sensory relevant to specific types of beer. In this matter, the incorporation of “chemometrics,” a class of multivariate statistic procedures, has helped brewing scientists achieve specific correlations between the sensory profile and chemical data. The use of chemometrics as exploratory data analysis, discrimination techniques, and multivariate calibration techniques has made the qualitatively and quantitatively translation of sensory perception of aging into manageable chemical and analytical parameters. However, despite their vast potential, these techniques are rarely employed in beer aging studies. This review discusses the chemical and sensorial bases of beer aging. It focuses on how chemometrics can be used to their full potential, with future perspectives and research to be incorporated in the field, enabling a deeper and more specific understanding of the beer aging picture.
Prevalence of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and age‐stratified trends in clinical characteristics and treatment, based on the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan
Authors: Nakajima Ayako , Sakai Ryoko , Inoue Eisuke , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo estimate the prevalence and age‐stratified treatment trends and clinical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Japan.MethodUsing 7 RA definitions, the prevalence of RA in those aged ≥16 years was estimated using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan in the fiscal year 2017. We analyzed age‐stratified trends in characteristics and treatments.ResultsOf 1 116 122 patients aged ≥16 years with at least 1 RA‐related International Classification of Diseases‐10 code, 825.7 thousand patients (women, 76.3%) were assessed as having RA with an estimated prevalence of 0.65%. The highest age‐stratified prevalence was 1.63% in patients aged 70‐79 years. Overall, 60.8% and 7.0% of patients with RA were aged ≥65 years and ≥85 years, respectively. Methotrexate use was most frequent in patients aged 50‐59 years (73.0%) and least frequent in patients aged ≥85 years (38.2%). Biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs use was 50.9% in patients aged 16‐19 years and decreased to 13.7% in those aged ≥85 years. Preference for the use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors versus abatacept decreased from 24.0:1 to 1.7:1 in patients aged 16‐19 years and ≥85 years, respectively. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease was 3.5% in patients aged 60‐69 years and 12.1% in those aged ≥85 years. Overall RA‐related orthopedic surgeries were most prevalent in patients aged 70‐79 years.ConclusionThe estimated prevalence of patients with RA in Japan was 0.65%. Age‐stratified treatment trends and clinical characteristics have been described in a super‐aged society for the first time.
Interleukin‐17A biomarker as a predictor for detection of early axial spondyloarthritis changes in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Saif Dalia S. , El Tabl Mohamed A. , Afifi Naglaa , Abdallah Mahmoud S. , El Hefnawy Sally M. , Hassanein Shimaa A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimAlthough the pathogenic mechanisms of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are not completely clarified, evidence suggests that interleukin 17A (IL‐17A)‐mediated immune responses play a pivotal role in the disease. This is best underscored by the important clinical effectiveness of IL‐17A inhibitors in psoriasis treatment. We aim to investigate the predictive value of IL‐17A in detecting the early axial spondyloarthropic (SpA) changes in psoriatic patients.MethodsThe study enrolled 100 patients with psoriasis, classified into group 1, included 62 patients with only psoriatic skin lesions (Ps), and group 2 included 38 patients with PsA, and 100 age and gender matched healthy volunteers. All participants were subjected to general and local clinical examination, laboratory assessment including IL‐17A in the serum by means of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and axial joint radiological assessment.ResultsOur study included 60 males (60%) and 40 females (40%).The positive radiological findings of early axial SpA changes were found among 30.6% of the Ps group and among 84.2% of the PsA group. There were significant differences between patients with positive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of early axial SpA and patients with negative MRI findings in both groups regarding IL‐17A levels. There was a significant association between IL‐17A level and early axial SpA changes in psoriatic patients with a clear cutoff point (222.5).ConclusionOur study can imply that IL‐17A is a valuable, useful and low‐cost biomarker in detecting early axial SpA changes in asymptomatic and nonradiographic axial SpA (nr‐axial SpA) psoriatic patients that helps early management and prevent progressive axial involvement and disabilities.
Timing of blood sampling for butyrylcholinesterase phenotyping in patients with prolonged neuromuscular block after mivacurium or suxamethonium
Authors: Mintjens Nesse , Brummans Roy , Soetens Filiep , Claes Kathleen B. M. , Vanlinthout Luc E. 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionVariants of butyrylcholinesterase are frequently associated with prolonged response to suxamethonium or mivacurium. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) can be characterized by phenotyping and determination of genotype. Inappropriate timing of blood sampling might interfere with phenotyping methods. However, guidelines regarding delay between exposure to anaesthesia and testing are not clearly defined. In this study, the BChE activity and phenotype in an early (T1) and late (T2) phase were compared and the phenotype/genotype correlation was assessed.MethodsPatients with a prolonged paralysis after mivacurium or suxamethonium were selected after ethical committee approval and written consent. BChE activity was based on butyrylthiocholine hydrolysis rate and phenotyping on differential inhibition of BChE activity with dibucaine and fluoride. DNA sequencing allowed genotypic characterization.ResultsWe included the results of 20 patients with prolonged neuromuscular block (NMB) induced by mivacurium or suxamethonium. In these patients, BChE activity was different at T1 and T2 (2120 [1506‐2733] U L−1 and 4055 [2810‐5301] U L−1, respectively; P = 0.0014; values are mean [95% CI]). When phenotyping was possible, phenotyping at T1 and T2 yielded identical results. Phenotyping failed to identify one new variant (p.Tyr146Cys) and the K variant in 14 of 16 patients.ConclusionAnaesthesia interfered with BChE activity, but not with phenotyping. Phenotyping can be performed on blood drawn during or immediately after recovery of mivacurium or suxamethonium to screen for clinically relevant variants of BChE. However, accurate diagnosis of BChE deficiency needs further confirmation by determination of genotype.