bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A re-evaluation of the Chaetothyriales using criteria of comparative biology
Authors: Quan Yu , Muggia Lucia , Moreno Leandro F. , Wang Meizhu , Al-Hatmi Abdullah M. S. , da Silva Menezes Nickolas , Shi Dongmei , Deng Shuwen , Ahmed Sarah , Hyde Kevin D. , Vicente Vania A. , Kang Yingqian , Stielow J. Benjamin , de Hoog Sybren 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChaetothyriales is an ascomycetous order within Eurotiomycetes. The order is particularly known through the black yeasts and filamentous relatives that cause opportunistic infections in humans. All species in the order are consistently melanized. Ecology and habitats of species are highly diverse, and often rather extreme in terms of exposition and toxicity. Families are defined on the basis of evolutionary history, which is reconstructed by time of divergence and concepts of comparative biology using stochastical character mapping and a multi-rate Brownian motion model to reconstruct ecological ancestral character states. Ancestry is hypothesized to be with a rock-inhabiting life style. Ecological disparity increased significantly in late Jurassic, probably due to expansion of cytochromes followed by colonization of vacant ecospaces. Dramatic diversification took place subsequently, but at a low level of innovation resulting in strong niche conservatism for extant taxa. Families are ecologically different in degrees of specialization. One of the clades has adapted ant domatia, which are rich in hydrocarbons. In derived families, similar processes have enabled survival in domesticated environments rich in creosote and toxic hydrocarbons, and this ability might also explain the pronounced infectious ability of vertebrate hosts observed in these families. Conventional systems of morphological classification poorly correspond with recent phylogenetic data. Species are hypothesized to have low competitive ability against neighboring microbes, which interferes with their laboratory isolation on routine media. The dataset is unbalanced in that a large part of the extant biodiversity has not been analyzed by molecular methods, novel taxonomic entities being introduced at a regular pace. Our study comprises all available species sequenced to date for LSU and ITS, and a nomenclatural overview is provided. A limited number of species could not be assigned to any extant family.
Home Exercise Interventions in Frail Older Adults
Authors: Stookey Alyssa D. , Katzel Leslie I. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Frailty is characterized by decreased physiological reserve and increased risk of falls, disability, hospitalization, and mortality. Frail older adults may benefit from exercise interventions targeting their multiple problems and functional deficits; however, most research focuses on center-based interventions, which may present accessibility challenges for frail older adults. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the most recently published home-based exercise interventions for frail older adults living at home.

Recent Findings
Eight manuscripts met inclusion criteria. Research interventions consisted of a variety of modes (strength, strength/nutrition, strength/flexibility/balance/endurance), duration (12 weeks to 6 months), frequency (2–7 days/week), and delivery methods (volunteer-led, videos on a tablet, manuals/brochures). Investigators examined the effects of home-based exercise on a variety of outcomes to include feasibility, frailty status, physical performance, lean body mass, skeletal muscle mass, other physiological outcomes, mental health, nutritional status, and incidence of falls in frail.

Summary
This review demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of home-based exercise interventions to improve frailty, functional performance, nutritional status, and incidence of falls in frail older adults. However, the limited literature available provides conflicting reports regarding benefits for mental health outcomes and no evidence of a beneficial effect on skeletal muscle or lean mass. Future research is needed to shed light on the optimal components of home exercise programs most important for maximizing benefits for frail older adults, as well as the most effective delivery method.
Factors affecting performance and manufacturability of naproxen Liqui-Pellet
Authors: Lam Matthew , Nokhodchi Ali 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aim
Liqui-Pellet is potentially an emerging next-generation oral pill, which has shown promising results with unique advantages as well as displaying potential for commercial feasibility. Since Liqui-Pellet technology is still in its infancy, it is important to explore the parameters that can affect its performance, particularly the drug release rate. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate thoroughly the effect of Avicel PH101 (carrier) and Aerosil 300 (coating material) ratio (R-value) in Liqui-Pellet.

Methods
Key parameter for Liqui-Pellet formulation in this study was the ratio of carrier and coating material. Tests were carried out to assess the physicochemical properties of different formulations. This involved looking into particle size, robustness, flowability, solid-state and drug release profile. The morphology of Liqui-Pellet was investigated by SEM.

Results
It is found that R-value does not have a major effect on the success of Liqui-Pellet production. However, R-value does seem to have an effect on Liqui-Pellet size at a certain water content level and a slight effect on the drug release rate. A decrease in Avicel PH101 concentration and an increase in Aerosil 300 concentration in Liqui-Pellet formulations can reduce Liqui-Pellet size and slightly increase drug release rate by 9% after 2 h. The data shows Liqui-Pellet is resistant to friability, able to achieve exceptional flow property and have smooth surfaces, which is critical for applying coatings technology. Such properties are ideal in terms of commercial manufacturing. The XRPD and DSC both show the reduction in formulation crystallinity, which is expected in Liqui-Pellet formulation as a result of solubility of the drug in the co-solvent used in the preparation of Liqui-Pellets.

Conclusion
Overall it seems that R-value can affect Liqui-Pellet drug release rate and size but not on the production success rate.

Graphical abstract
Estimating Grassland Parameters from Sentinel-2: A Model Comparison Study
Authors: Schwieder M. , Buddeberg M. , Kowalski K. , Pfoch K. , Bartsch J. , Bach H. , Pickert J. , Hostert P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGrassland plays an important role in German agriculture. The interplay of ecological processes in grasslands secures important ecosystem functions and, thus, ultimately contributes to essential ecosystem services. To sustain, e.g., the provision of fodder or the filter function of soils, agricultural management needs to adapt to site-specific grassland characteristics. Spatially explicit information derived from remote sensing data has been proven instrumental for achieving this. In this study, we analyze the potential of Sentinel-2 data for deriving grassland-relevant parameters. We compare two well-established methods to calculate the aboveground biomass and leaf area index (LAI), first using a random forest regression and second using the soil–leaf-canopy (SLC) radiative transfer model. Field data were recorded on a grassland area in Brandenburg in August 2019, and were used to train the empirical model and to validate both models. Results confirm that both methods are suitable for mapping the spatial distribution of LAI and for quantifying aboveground biomass. Uncertainties generally increased with higher biomass and LAI values in the empirical model and varied on average by a relative RMSE of 11% for modeling of dry biomass and a relative RMSE of 23% for LAI. Similar estimates were achieved using SLC with a relative RMSE of 30% for LAI retrieval, and a relative RMSE of 47% for the estimation of dry biomass. Resulting maps from both approaches showed comprehensible spatial patterns of LAI and dry biomass distributions. Despite variations in the value ranges of both maps, the average estimates and spatial patterns of LAI and dry biomass were very similar. Based on the results of the two compared modeling approaches and the comparison to the validation data, we conclude that the relationship between Sentinel-2 spectra and grassland-relevant variables can be quantified to map their spatial distributions from space. Future research needs to investigate how similar approaches perform across different grassland types, seasons and grassland management regimes.
Indicators of economic crises: a data-driven clustering approach
Authors: Göbel Maximilian , Araújo Tanya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe determination of reliable early-warning indicators of economic crises is a hot topic in economic sciences. Pinning down recurring patterns or combinations of macroeconomic indicators is indispensable for adequate policy adjustments to prevent a looming crisis. We investigate the ability of several macroeconomic variables telling crisis countries apart from non-crisis economies. We introduce a self-calibrated clustering-algorithm, which accounts for both similarity and dissimilarity in macroeconomic fundamentals across countries. Furthermore, imposing a desired community structure, we allow the data to decide by itself, which combination of indicators would have most accurately foreseen the exogeneously defined network topology. We quantitatively evaluate the degree of matching between the data-generated clustering and the desired community-structure.
Multilayer approach reveals organizational principles disrupted in breast cancer co-expression networks
Authors: Dorantes-Gilardi Rodrigo , García-Cortés Diana , Hernández-Lemus Enrique , Espinal-Enríquez Jesús 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe study of co-expression programs in the context of cancer can help to elucidate the genetic mechanisms that are altered and lead to the disease. The identification of gene co-expression patterns, unique to healthy profiles (and absent in cancer) is an important step in this direction. Networks are a good tool for achieving this as they allow to model local and global structural properties of the gene co-expression program. This is the case of gene co-expression networks (GCNs), where nodes or vertices represent genes and an edge between two nodes exists if the corresponding genes are co-expressed. Single threshold co-expression networks are often used for this purpose. However, important interactions in a broader co-expression space needed to unravel such mechanisms may be overlooked. In this work, we use a multilayer network approach that allows us to study co-expression as a discrete object, starting at weak levels of co-expression building itself upward towards the top co-expressing gene pairs.We use a multilayer GCNs (or simply GCNs), to compare healthy and breast cancer co-expression programs. By using the layers of the gene co-expression networks, we were able to identify a structural mechanism unique in the healthy GCN similar to well-known preferential attachment. We argue that this mechanism may be a reflection of an organizational principle that remains absent in the breast cancer co-expression program. By focusing on two well-defined set of nodes in the top co-expression layers of the GCNs—namely hubs and nodes in the main core of the network—we found a set of genes that is well conserved across the co-expression program. Specifically, we show that nodes with high inter-connectedness as opposed to high connectedness are conserved in the healthy GCN. This set of genes, we discuss, may partake in several different functional pathways in the regulatory program. Finally, we found that breast cancer GCN is composed of two different structural mechanisms, one that is random and is composed by most of the co-expression layers, and another non-random mechanism found only in the top co-expression layers.Overall, we are able to construct within this approach a portrait of the whole transcriptome co-expression program, thus providing a novel manner to study this complex biological phenomenon.
Romantic relationships and sexuality in diverse adolescent populations: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Espinosa‐Hernández Graciela , Choukas‐Bradley Sophia , van de Bongardt Daphne , Van Dulmen Manfred 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTAlthough scientific research on adolescent romantic and sexual development has proliferated in recent years, currently, too little is known about how development in these areas can be understood across diverse populations (e.g., different socio‐cultural groups within countries) and contexts (e.g., countries or different proximal social environments). The goal of the current virtual special issue in the Journal of Adolescence was to highlight relevant and timely empirical findings from studies utilizing innovative and diverse research methods in the areas of adolescent romantic and sexual development from around the globe, with an emphasis on data collected outside of the Western world. It combines an interesting set of nine empirical papers, which describe datasets from 5 countries (Canada, India, Indonesia, Mexico, and the United States). In this editorial, we provide an introduction to this special issue, and illustrate how these studies expand our understanding of adolescent romantic and sexual development by examining: 1) romantic and sexual relationship constructs that are relevant for understudied and diverse populations; 2) how culture‐specific factors may shape adolescents’ romantic and sexual relationships; 3) how romantic and sexual relationship constructs are linked to psychosocial adjustment outcomes in understudied cultural contexts; 4) the role of different proximal social environments (e.g., parents, siblings, peers) in romantic and sexual development in diverse populations.
Constitutionalizing Trans-Border Nationhood: From Latin American Perspectives
Authors: JO Hee-Moon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe relationship between state and absent citizens is becoming more important since the globalization of the 1990s. Countries usually try to increase the number of their citizens through two methods. The first is by increasing the number of nationals living abroad using a dual-nationality system. The second is by expanding national power through dual culturalism. These methods increase the international capacity of the home state through the expansion of the de facto state territory from the perspective of network-power theory. Latin American countries have been relatively passive in this diaspora-engagement policy, but recently they have begun to show an active attitude by revising their migration policy—amendments to the Constitution and migration law, dual nationality, dual culturalism, voting rights abroad, and upgrading the status of diaspora agencies, etc. However, it is still unclear how the multinational and multi-ethnic Latin American countries conceptualize diaspora. This paper analyzes the diaspora-engagement policy of Latin American countries from the standpoint of network-power theory and tries to find out what its theoretical framework is. This paper concludes that the theorization work on diaspora should continue to track and analyze these policy changes, since it is difficult to understand what the diaspora concept is and what policy objectives the state is pursuing under the current diaspora-engagement policy.
Beyond “Sex Work”: Japanese Night Work and “Shakai-Keiken”
Authors: KUROSAWA Aki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article rethinks the hegemonic “sex-work” discourses—popular sex-work discourse and radical-feminist discourse—that associate Japanese night work with prostitution and consider young women workers in this industry as victims. These discourses reinforce sex-work oppression–empowerment paradigms, which limit workers’ experiences to either oppressive/empowering, good/bad, and positive/negative. This research draws on transnational feminism and a polymorphous approach to the complex nature of sex work. In doing so, this article addresses three aspects of Japanese night work, including young Japanese women’s motivation to go into night work, their conceptualization of work they engage in, and shakai-keiken (social experience) that they gain out of doing night work. This article encourages readers to step away from dominant Western discourses and look closely at the nuanced nature of Japanese night work in its own context.
Name, Shame, and Jail: An Interview with Anas Aremeyaw Anas
Authors: Engmann Rachel Ama Asaa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnas Aremeyaw Anas has been called Africa’s “most notorious” journalist.1He has produced documentaries extensively about human rights and corruption in Africa. As an undercover investigator, he is infamous for working in disguise. Operating under the mantra, “name, shame, and jail,” Anas describes himself as a “modern day crime fighter.” Anas has won numerous accolades, in Ghana and internationally, for work exploring illegal mining, sex work, infertility clinics, mental health care, cocoa plantations and child labor, corruption in the judiciary and international football. Anas sat down for an interview with Rachel Ama Asaa Engmann in 2018 to discuss his methods and interests.
Dissecting Electoral Support for the Far Right: A Comparison between Mature and Post-Communist European Democracies
Authors: Brils Tobias , Muis Jasper , Gaidytė Teodora 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article investigates three explanations for electoral support for the far right – ‘cultural backlash’, ‘economic grievances’ and ‘protest voting’ – in a novel way. Our main contribution is that we contrast far-right voters with voters of centre-right parties, traditional left-wing parties and abstainers. Equally innovative is the comparison between mature and post-communist democracies. Using European Social Survey data (2014–16), we conclude that anti-immigration attitudes are most important in distinguishing far-right voters from all other groups. Yet, these differences are significantly smaller in Eastern Europe. Furthermore, far-right voters are not the so-called socioeconomic ‘losers of globalization’: this is only true when compared with centre-right voters. Concerning protest voting, distrust of supranational governance particularly enhances far-right voting. Overall, our study concludes that more fine-grained distinctions pay off and avoid misleading generalizations about ‘European far-right voters’ often presented in public debates.
Agurumyela's art of connection: Christopher Azaare's project of curating Gurensi history and culture
Authors: Ignatov Anatoli 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article explores the innovative and hybrid intellectual project of Christopher Azaare Anabila. Since 1976, Azaare has been documenting the histories of the Gurensi and Boosi people of northern Ghana and has crafted genealogical maps of whole villages and clans. He has written manuscripts on taboos, totems, proverbs, missionary activities, cultural institutions and anti-colonial resistance. Because of this work, people have begun to refer to Azaare asAgurumyela, which in Gurene means ‘a person who digs into people's past’. Central to this lifelong endeavour is the museum of Gurensi culture that Azaare has been building in Gowrie. I present Azaare's views of this wide-ranging process of collection and re-casting and reflect on his motivation to reclaim history and curating authority from professional academics. I argue that Azaare's project allows us to recognize the ubiquitous existence of a vibrant strand of African intellectual creativity that combines multiple repertoires and draws on overlapping and diverse productions in different modes and media. Next, I turn to Azaare's manuscript on the institution oftindaanaship(earth custodians). I explore his genealogical method as anart of connectionthat highlights his role as an engaged community intellectual, weaving extensive networks between Gurensi communities, officials and academics.
The interaction between energy intake, physical activity and UCP2 -866G/A gene variation on weight gain and changes in adiposity: an Indonesian Nutrigenetic Cohort (INDOGENIC)
Authors: Muhammad Harry Freitag Luglio , Sulistyoningrum Dian Caturini , Huriyati Emy , Lee Yi Yi , Muda Wan Abdul Manan Wan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate an interaction between energy intake, physical activity and UCP2 gene variation on weight gain and adiposity changes in Indonesian adults. This is a prospective cohort study conducted in 323 healthy adults living in the city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Energy intake, physical activity, body weight, BMI, percentage body fat and waist:hip ratio (WHR) were measured at baseline and after 2 years while UCP2 -866G/A gene variation was determined at baseline. We reported that after 2 years subjects had a significant increment in body weight, BMI, body fat and reduction in WHR (all P < 0·05). In all subjects, total energy intake was significantly correlated with changes in body weight (β = 0·128, P = 0·023) and body fat (β = 0·123, P = 0·030). Among subjects with the GG genotype, changes in energy intake were positively correlated with changes in body weight (β = 0·232, P = 0·016) and body fat (β = 0·201, P = 0·034). These correlations were insignificant among those with AA + GA genotypes (all P > 0·05). In summary, we show that UCP2 gene variation might influence the adiposity response towards changes in energy intake. Subjects with the GG genotype of UCP2 -866G/A gene were more responsive to energy intake, thus more prone to weight gain due to overeating.
AN INVARIANT OF LEGENDRIAN AND TRANSVERSE LINKS FROM OPEN BOOK DECOMPOSITIONS OF CONTACT 3-MANIFOLDS
Authors: CAVALLO ALBERTO 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe introduce a generalization of the Lisca–Ozsváth–Stipsicz–Szabó Legendrian invariant
${\mathfrak L}$
to links in every rational homology sphere, using the collapsed version of link Floer homology. We represent a Legendrian link L in a contact 3-manifold
${(M,\xi)}$
with a diagram D, given by an open book decomposition of
${(M,\xi)}$
adapted to L, and we construct a chain complex
${cCFL^-(D)}$
with a special cycle in it denoted by
${\mathfrak L(D)}$
. Then, given two diagrams
${D_1}$
and
${D_2}$
which represent Legendrian isotopic links, we prove that there is a map between the corresponding chain complexes that induces an isomorphism in homology and sends
${\mathfrak L(D_1)}$
into
${\mathfrak L(D_2)}$
. Moreover, a connected sum formula is also proved and we use it to give some applications about non-loose Legendrian links; that are links such that the restriction of
${\xi}$
on their complement is tight.
Institutional Debtholder Governance
Authors: Keswani Aneel , Tran Anh , Volpin Paolo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUsing data on the universe of U.S. based mutual funds, we find that two out of five fund families hold corporate bonds of firms in which they also own an equity stake. We show that the greater the fraction of debt a fund family holds in a given firm, the greater its propensity to vote in line with the interests of firm debtholders at shareholder meetings, even when against Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS) recommendation. Voting has direct policy consequences as firms that receive more votes in favor of creditors make corporate decisions more in line with the interests of debtholders.
Cystic echinococcosis of the interventricular septum: a rare clinical presentation
Authors: İriz Erkan , Yaylı Semih , Kula Serdar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCystic echinococcosis caused by infection with the larvae form of Echinococcus granulosus remains highly endemic and constitutes a public health concern in some regions of the world. In this case report, we present a rare children case of interventricular hydatid cyst with a size of approximately 5 cm and its successful treatment.