bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of low‐dose remifentanil infusion on analgesic or antiemetic requirement during brain function mapping: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shiraki Atsuko , Goto Wataru , Fukagawa Hiroshi , Arakawa Yoshiki , Kikuchi Takayuki , Mineharu Yohei , Yamao Yukihiro , Yasuda Takayuki , Hattori Etsuko , Fukui Ayaka , Matsui Yoshihiro , Yonezawa Atsushi , Furukawa Keiko , Mizota Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundPain and discomfort during the awake phase in awake craniotomy should be relieved to facilitate brain mapping. Although some anaesthesiologists use low‐dose (0.01‐0.05 µg/kg/min) remifentanil infusion to provide analgesia during this phase, its efficacy and side effects have never been evaluated. Therefore, this study primarily aimed to investigate the effects of low‐dose remifentanil infusion on the need for antiemetic treatment during brain mapping and secondarily aimed to determine its effects on the need for additional analgesic treatment.MethodsThis retrospective study included 218 patients who underwent awake craniotomy at our centre from 2008 to 2018. The relationship between low‐dose remifentanil infusion during the awake phase and the requirement for analgesic or antiemetic treatment was examined. A multivariable competing risk regression analysis was performed to adjust for patient and operative variables.ResultsSixty‐six patients (30.3%) received low‐dose (median rate: 0.01 µg/kg/min) remifentanil infusion during the awake phase. Forty‐nine patients (22.5%) received an antiemetic and 99 (45.4%) received additional analgesic treatment. The difference in additional analgesic treatment was not significant between patients who received low‐dose remifentanil infusion and those who did not (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 0.75‐1.70; P = .570); however, the use of antiemetics significantly increased in patients who received remifentanil (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.78; 95% confidence interval: 1.01‐3.15; P = .047).ConclusionLow‐dose remifentanil infusion during the awake phase in awake craniotomy significantly increased the need for antiemetics but did not decrease the need for additional analgesic treatment.
Role of the central amygdala in acupuncture inhibition of methamphetamine‐induced behaviors in rats
Authors: Kim Mi Seon , Fan Yu , Lee Soo Min , Chang Su Chan , Kim Hyung Kyu , Ryu Yeonhee , Steffensen Scott C. , Yang Chae Ha , Kim Hee Young 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMethamphetamine (METH) enhances dopamine (DA) transmission in the mesolimbic system implicated in its reinforcing effects. Our previous studies have shown that acupuncture attenuates drug‐seeking behaviors by modulating GABAergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area and DA release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of the striatum. The effects of acupuncture on METH‐induced behaviors and its mediation by neural pathways remain a relatively understudied area of research. The central amygdala (CeA) plays a critical role in physiological and behavioral responses to somatosensory and drug stimuli and has been implicated in negative reinforcement. Thus, we evaluated the role of the CeA in acupuncture effects on locomotor activity, positive affective states, and DA release in the NAc following acute administration of METH. Acupuncture at acupoint HT7 reduced locomotor activity, 50‐kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), and NAc DA release following systemic injection of METH, which was prevented by electrolytic lesions or optogenetic inhibition of the CeA. Acupuncture alone excited CeA neurons and reversed the suppression of CeA neurons induced by METH. These results suggest that acupuncture can relieve psychomotor responses and positive affective states following METH by inhibiting NAc DA release and this effect is mediated by activation of CeA neurons.
Potential of genomic selection for improvement of resistance to ostreid herpesvirus in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)
Authors: Gutierrez A. P. , Symonds J. , King N. , Steiner K. , Bean T. P. , Houston R. D. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn genomic selection (GS), genome‐wide SNP markers are used to generate genomic estimated breeding values for selection candidates. The application of GS in shellfish looks promising and has the potential to help in dealing with one of the main issues currently affecting Pacific oyster production worldwide, which is the ‘summer mortality syndrome’. This causes periodic mass mortality in farms worldwide and has mainly been attributed to a specific variant of the ostreid herpesvirus (OsHV‐1). In the current study, we evaluated the potential of genomic selection for host resistance to OsHV‐1 in Pacific oysters, and compared it with pedigree‐based approaches. An OsHV‐1 disease challenge was performed using an immersion‐based virus exposure treatment for oysters for 7 days. A total of 768 samples were genotyped using the medium‐density SNP array for oysters. A GWAS was performed for the survival trait using a GBLUP approach in blupf90 software. Heritability ranged from 0.25 ± 0.05 to 0.37 ± 0.05 (mean ± SE) based on pedigree and genomic information respectively. Genomic prediction was more accurate than pedigree prediction, and SNP density reduction had little impact on prediction accuracy until marker densities dropped below approximately 500 SNPs. This demonstrates the potential for GS in Pacific oyster breeding programmes, and importantly, demonstrates that a low number of SNPs might suffice to obtain accurate genomic estimated breeding values, thus potentially making the implementation of GS more cost effective.
Demand for global health training among obstetrics and gynaecology trainees in Australia and New Zealand: Insights from the TIGHT study
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca , Mitchell Rob , Phillips Georgina , Jayaratnam Skandarupan 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundGlobal health (GH) training aims to equip clinicians with the skills and knowledge to practise in international and cross‐cultural environments. Interest among obstetrics and gynaecology trainees is unknown.AimsThe Trainee Interest in Global Health Training (TIGHT) study aimed to assess demand for GH training among specialty trainees in Australia and New Zealand. The primary objective was to quantify the number of trainees interested in undertaking a rotation in a resource‐limited environment (RLE) in a low‐ or middle‐income country during specialty training. This paper reports the results of a planned sub‐group analysis of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG) trainees.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted between August and October 2018. Data were collected using an anonymous, self‐reporting, web‐based survey.ResultsThere were 210 respondents among 698 RANZCOG trainees, equating to a response rate of 30.1%. Overall, 77% (157/204) of respondents were keen to undertake a rotation in a RLE, with the vast majority (166/203, 81.8%) interested or very interested in having their GH accredited for training. Sixty‐four percent (125/195) expressed interest in undertaking an integrated GH training or fellowship program as an adjunct to specialty training, and a majority (177/201, 88.1%) were keen to continue GH work as a specialist obstetrician and gynaecologist.ConclusionThere is significant demand for GH training among RANZCOG trainees. These findings should inform the development of accredited rotations in RLEs and the cultivation of safe and effective global women’s health training pathways. Ideally, these arrangements should be underpinned by mutually beneficial partnerships with both educational and development objectives.
Sperm retrieval rates in non‐mosaic Klinefelter patients undergoing testicular sperm extraction: What expectations do we have in the real‐life setting?
Authors: Boeri Luca , Palmisano Franco , Preto Mirko , Sibona Mattia , Capogrosso Paolo , Franceschelli Alessandro , Ruiz‐Castañé Eduard , Sarquella‐Geli Joaquim , Bassas‐Arnau Lluís , Scroppo Fabrizio Ildefonso , Saccà Antonino , Gentile Giorgio , Falcone Marco , Timpano Massimiliano , Ceruti Carlo , Gadda Franco , Trost Landon , Colombo Fulvio , Rolle Luigi , Gontero Paolo , Montorsi Francesco , Sánchez‐Curbelo Josvany , Salonia Andrea , Montanari Emanuele 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundA recent meta‐analysis (Human Reproduction Update 23, 2017 and 265) reported positive sperm retrieval rates (SRR) in 50% of patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) undergoing testicular sperm extraction (TESE). However, these results do not reflect the rates of SR that we observe in clinical practice. We assessed the rate and potential predictors of SR in Klinefelter patients in the real‐life setting.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed clinical data of 103 KS men who underwent TESE between 08/2008 and 03/2019 at five tertiary referral Andrology centers. Patients underwent testis ultrasound, hormonal evaluation, and genetic testing. All patients were azoospermic based on the 2010 WHO reference criteria. Conventional TESE (cTESE) or microsurgical TESE (mTESE) was performed based on the surgeon's preference. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression models to describe the whole cohort.ResultsMedian (IQR) patient's age was 32 (24‐37) years. Baseline serum FSH and total testosterone levels were 29.5 (19.9‐40.9) mUI/mL and 3.8 (2.5‐11.0) ng/mL, respectively. Conventional TESE and mTESE were performed in 38 (36.5%) and 65 (63.5%) men, respectively. The sperm retrieval rate was 21.4% (22/103 men). Fifteen patients used spermatozoa for ICSI and five ended in live birth children. Patients with positive SR were similar to those with a negative TESE in terms of clinical, hormonal, and procedural parameters (all P > .05). Logistic regression analyses confirmed the lack of association between clinical, hormonal, and procedural parameters with SR outcome.DiscussionGiven the conflicting results in the literature regarding SRR in KS, patients should be carefully counseled regarding TESE outcomes based on data from published literature and local results.ConclusionsIn the real‐life setting, we observed a lower SRR (21.4%) than that reported in meta‐analyses in our cohort of KS patients. No associations between clinical, hormonal, and procedural variables with TESE success were found.
Active antibiotic discontinuation in suspected but not confirmed early‐onset neonatal sepsis—A quality improvement initiative
Authors: Dretvik Thomas , Solevåg Anne Lee , Finvåg Andreas , Størdal Eline Hasselgård , Størdal Ketil , Klingenberg Claus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo study whether a simple targeted intervention could reduce unwarranted antibiotic treatment in near‐term and term neonates with suspected, but not confirmed early‐onset sepsis.MethodsA quality improvement initiative in three Norwegian neonatal intensive care units. The intervention included an inter‐hospital clinical practice guideline for discontinuing antibiotics after 36‐48 hours if sepsis was no longer suspected and blood cultures were negative in neonates ≥ 34+0 weeks of gestation. Two units used procalcitonin in decision‐making. We compared data 12‐14 months before and after guideline implementation. The results are presented as median with interquartile ranges.ResultsA total of 284 infants (2.5% of all births ≥ 34+0 weeks of gestation) received antibiotics before and 195 (1.8%) after guideline implementation (P = .0018). The two units that used procalcitonin discontinued antibiotics earlier after guideline implementation than the unit without procalcitonin. Neonates not diagnosed with sepsis were treated 49 (31‐84) hours before and 48 (36‐72) hours after guideline implementation (P = .68). In all infants, including those diagnosed with sepsis, antibiotic treatment duration was reduced from 108 (60‐144) to 96 (48‐120) hours (P = .013).ConclusionAntibiotic treatment duration for suspected, but not confirmed early‐onset sepsis did not change. However, treatment duration for all infants and the proportion of infants commenced on antibiotics were reduced.
Working memory predictors of mathematics across the middle primary school years
Authors: Allen Katie , Giofrè David , Higgins Steve , Adams John 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundWork surrounding the relationship between visuospatial working memory (WM) and mathematics performance is gaining significant traction as a result of a focus on improving academic attainment.AimsThis study examined the relative contributions of verbal and visuospatial simple and complex WM measures to mathematics in primary school children aged 6–10 years.SampleA sample of 111 children in years 2–5 were assessed (Mage = 100.06 months, SD = 14.47).MethodChildren were tested individually on all memory measures, followed by a separate mathematics testing session as a class group in the same assessment wave.Results and ConclusionsResults revealed an age‐dependent relationship, with a move towards visuospatial influence in older children. Further analyses demonstrated that backward word span and backward matrices contributed unique portions of variance of mathematics, regardless of the regression model specified. We discuss possible explanations for our preliminary findings in relation to the existing literature alongside their implications for educators and further research.
Understanding behavioural engagement and achievement: The roles of teaching practices and student sense of competence and task value
Authors: Olivier Elizabeth , Galand Benoit , Hospel Virginie , Dellisse Sébastien 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundDifferent teaching practices, such as autonomy support and structure, provide students with a positive learning context supporting their engagement, which can operate through their underlying motivation, including sense of competence and task value.AimsThis study aims at investigating the best configuration (unique or synergistic) between autonomy support and structure to support student behavioural engagement, including compliance, participation, and misbehaviour, and reading achievement. A second objective is to assess students' sense of competence and task value as mediators linking teaching practices to student engagement and achievement.SampleThe samples included 1,666 7th‐grade students and their 85 teachers. Students answered questionnaires and tests at the beginning and the end of the school year.MethodsStudents’ perceptions of the use of autonomy support and structure by their Language Arts teacher were aggregated at the classroom level. Students rated their sense of competence and task value in Language Arts class. Twice during the school year, they also reported three facets of their behavioural engagement (compliance, participation, and misbehaviour) and answered a reading comprehension test. Multilevel path analyses using Mplus7 allowed accounting for the nested structure of data.ResultsStudent sense of competence mediated the association of student classroom‐aggregated perceptions of teacher structure and autonomy support with self‐reported participation in the classroom. Task value mediated the association between both teaching practices and student misbehaviour and compliance, as reported by students. Sense of competence was directly associated with later reading achievement, but the indirect effect of teaching practices was not significant. We found no significant interaction (synergistic effect) between teacher autonomy support and structure.ConclusionStudent classroom‐aggregated perception of teacher autonomy support and structure is important to nurture behavioural engagement. However, we found no extra benefit of combining these two dimensions of teaching practices. The processes linking these teaching practices to the three facets of student behavioural engagement were different. As such, to support the various aspects of student engagement, the actions of teachers, as reported by their students, should tap into the mechanisms that are most strongly related to each type of behaviour.
Prediction of significant bleeding during vitamin K antagonist treatment for venous thromboembolism in outpatients
Authors: Martinez Carlos , Katholing Anja , Wallenhorst Christopher , Cohen Alexander T. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryBleeding is the most concerning complication associated with anticoagulant therapy but poorly characterized and important for risk/benefit assessment. We developed a risk stratification score to predict vitamin K antagonist (VKA)‐associated bleeding in venous thromboembolism (VTE) using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Significant bleeding events in outpatients consisted of major bleeding and clinically relevant non‐major bleeding requiring hospitalisation (CRNMB‐H) within 90 days of VKA initiation. A scoring scheme for predicting bleeding was developed from subhazard ratios, validated using cross‐validation and expressed by the C‐statistic. The study cohort consisted of 10,010 patients with first VTE receiving initial VKA treatment, mean age 62·2 years. Between 2008 and 2016, 167 significant bleeding events were recorded (1·7%), i.e. incidence rate was 7·4/100 person‐years. Independent predictors for community‐acquired significant bleeding included active cancer, trauma/surgical procedure, male gender, dementia, liver disease, anaemia, history of bleeding, cerebrovascular, renal and chronic pulmonary disease, VTE presenting as pulmonary embolism and age over 75. The overall C‐statistic was 0·68 (95% CI, 0·60–0·76), 0·75 (0·60–0·88) for major bleeding and 0·65 (0·55–0·75) for CRNMB‐H, and higher than in other risk schemes applied to our study population. The developed risk score may identify patients having a significant bleeding risk, in particular major bleeding events, in outpatients.
Induction therapy with the MATRix regimen in patients with newly diagnosed primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the central nervous system – an international study of feasibility and efficacy in routine clinical practice
Authors: Schorb Elisabeth , Fox Christopher P. , Kasenda Benjamin , Linton Kim , Martinez‐Calle Nicolas , Calimeri Teresa , Ninkovic Slavisa , Eyre Toby A. , Cummin Tom , Smith Jeffery , Yallop Deborah , De Marco Beatrice , Krampera Mauro , Trefz Stefan , Orsucci Lorella , Fabbri Alberto , Illerhaus Gerald , Cwynarski Kate , Ferreri Andrés J. M. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe MATRix chemoimmunotherapy regimen is highly effective in patients with newly diagnosed primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (PCNSL). However, nothing is known about its feasibility and efficacy in everyday practice, where patients are more often older/frailer than those enrolled in clinical trials. We conducted a retrospective study addressing tolerability/efficacy of MATRix in 156 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL treated outside a clinical trial. Median age and ECOG Performance Status of considered patients were 62 years (range 28–78) and 2 (range 0–4). The overall response rate after MATRix was 79%. Nine (6%) treatment‐related deaths were recorded. After a median follow‐up of 27.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 24.4–31.9%), the two‐year progression‐free and overall survival were 56% (95% CI 48.4–64.9%) and 64.1% (95% CI 56.7–72.5%) respectively. Patients not eligible for the IELSG32 trial were treated with lower dose intensity and had substantially worse outcomes than those fulfilling inclusion criteria. This is the largest series of PCNSL patients treated with MATRix outside a trial and recapitulates the IELSG32 trial outcomes in the non‐trial setting for patients who fit the trial criteria. These data underscore the feasibility and efficacy of MATRix as induction treatment for fit patients in routine practice.
Induction of tryptophan hydroxylase in the liver of s.c. tumor model of prostate cancer
Authors: Hagiwara Asami , Nakamura Yoshiyasu , Nishimoto Rumi , Ueno Satoko , Miyagi Yohei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEnhanced degradation of tryptophan (Trp) and thus decreased plasma Trp levels are common in several types of cancers. Although it is well known that Trp catabolism is induced in the tumor microenvironment by the enzymes expressed in cancer cells, immune cells, or both, few studies have examined systemic Trp catabolism in cancer pathophysiology. The present study aimed to evaluate Trp catabolism in both tumor and peripheral tissues using tumor‐engrafted Copenhagen rats that were s.c. inoculated with AT‐2 rat prostate cancer cells negative for expression of Trp catabolic enzymes. Liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) metabolomics showed significantly decreased plasma Trp levels in AT‐2 engrafted rats, accompanied by increased kynurenine/Trp ratios in spleen and thymus and serotonin levels in liver and thymus. Quantitative PCR and enzymatic activity assays showed indoleamine‐2, 3‐dioxygenase, an inducible enzyme that catalyzes Trp to kynurenine, was increased in tumor tissues, whereas tryptophan‐2,3‐dioxygenase, a major Trp catabolic enzyme that regulates systemic level of Trp, tended to be increased in the liver of AT‐2 engrafted rats. Furthermore, tryptophan hydroxylase‐1 (TPH1), an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of Trp to serotonin, was significantly increased in liver and spleen of AT‐2 engrafted rats. Further histochemical analysis revealed that the induction of TPH1 in the liver could be attributed to infiltration of mast cells. A similar phenomenon was observed with nonneoplastic liver samples from colorectal cancer patients. These results suggested that Trp catabolism toward serotonin synthesis might be induced in peripheral remote tissues in cancer, which could have a pathophysiological effect on cancer.
Protease‐activated receptor‐2 accelerates intestinal tumor formation through activation of nuclear factor‐κB signaling and tumor angiogenesis in ApcMin/+ mice
Authors: Kawaguchi Makiko , Yamamoto Koji , Kataoka Hiroaki , Izumi Aya , Yamashita Fumiki , Kiwaki Takumi , Nishida Takahiro , Camerer Eric , Fukushima Tsuyoshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor‐1 (HAI‐1), encoded by the SPINT1 gene, is a membrane‐bound protease inhibitor expressed on the surface of epithelial cells. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor‐1 regulates type II transmembrane serine proteases that activate protease‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR‐2). We previously reported that deletion of Spint1 in ApcMin/+ mice resulted in accelerated formation of intestinal tumors, possibly through enhanced nuclear factor‐κB signaling. In this study, we examined the role of PAR‐2 in accelerating tumor formation in the ApcMin/+ model in the presence or absence of Spint1. We observed that knockout of the F2rl1 gene, encoding PAR‐2, not only eliminated the enhanced formation of intestinal tumors caused by Spint1 deletion, but also reduced tumor formation in the presence of Spint1. Exacerbation of anemia and weight loss associated with HAI‐1 deficiency was also normalized by compound deficiency of PAR‐2. Mechanistically, signaling triggered by deregulated protease activities increased nuclear translocation of RelA/p65, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and vascular density in ApcMin/+‐induced intestinal tumors. These results suggest that serine proteases promote intestinal carcinogenesis through activation of PAR‐2, and that HAI‐1 plays a critical tumor suppressor role as an inhibitor of matriptase, kallikreins, and other PAR‐2 activating proteases.