bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AB Aur, a Rosetta stone for studies of planet formation
Authors: Rivière-Marichalar P. , Fuente A. , Le Gal R. , Baruteau C. , Neri R. , Navarro-Almaida D. , Treviño-Morales S. P. , Macías E. , Bachiller R. , Osorio M. 
Published: August 2020

Context.AB Aur is a Herbig Ae star that hosts a prototypical transition disk. The disk shows a plethora of features connected with planet formation mechanisms, such as spiral arms, dust cavities, and dust traps. Understanding the physical and chemical characteristics of these features is crucial to advancing our knowledge of the planet formation processes.Aims.We aim to characterize the gaseous disk around the Herbig Ae star AB Aur. A complete spectroscopic study was performed using NOEMA to determine the physical and chemical conditions with high spatial resolution.Methods.We present new NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) interferometric observations of the continuum and12CO,13CO, C18O, H2CO, and SO lines obtained at high resolution. We used the integrated intensity maps and stacked spectra to derive reliable estimates of the disk temperature. By combining our13CO and C18O observations, we computed the gas-to-dust ratio along the disk. We also derived column density maps for the different species and used them to compute abundance maps. The results of our observations were compared with a set of Nautilus astrochemical models to obtain insight into the disk properties.Results.We detected continuum emission in a ring that extends from 0.6′′ to ~2.0′′, peaking at 0.97′′ and with a strong azimuthal asymmetry. The molecules observed show different spatial distributions, and the peaks of the distributions are not correlated with the binding energy. Using H2CO and SO lines, we derived a mean disk temperature of 39 K. We derived a gas-to-dust ratio that ranges from 10 to 40 along the disk. Abundance with respect to13CO for SO (~2 × 10−4) is almost one order of magnitude greater than the value derived for H2CO (1.6 × 10−5). The comparison with Nautilus models favors a disk with a low gas-to-dust ratio (40) and prominent sulfur depletion.Conclusions.From a very complete spectroscopic study of the prototypical disk around AB Aur, we derived, for the first time, the gas temperature and the gas-to-dust ratio along the disk, providing information that is essential to constraining hydrodynamical simulations. Moreover, we explored the gas chemistry and, in particular, the sulfur depletion. The derived sulfur depletion is dependent on the assumed C/O ratio. Our data are better explained with C/O ~ 0.7 and S/H = 8 × 10−8.
Etablierung des Schwerpunktes Psoriasis an der Universitätshautklinik Rostock und eine praxisbezogene Übersicht über die Biologikatherapie der Psoriasis
Authors: Grünwald P. , Krebs S. , Troitzsch P. , Roewer J. , Emmert S. , Thiem A. 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Diagnostik und Behandlung der Psoriasis stellt einen Schwerpunkt an der Universitätshautklinik Rostock dar. Aufgrund des breiten Spektrums verfügbarer Biologikatherapien für die Behandlung der Psoriasis werden in diesem Artikel praxisbezogene Ratschläge für diese Therapieform gegeben. Dabei wird aufgezeigt, wie das optimale Biologikum für einen individuellen Patienten unter Berücksichtigung möglicher Kontraindikationen, krankheitsspezifischer Aspekte und unerwünschter Wirkungen ausgewählt werden kann. Außerdem wird ein mögliches Vorgehen bei Unterbrechung, Wiederaufnahme oder Umstellung von Biologika erwähnt.
Einflussfaktoren für die Teilnahme an Sporttherapie in der psychiatrischen Versorgung
Authors: Friedrich Katrin , Krieger Julia , Rößner-Ruff Vanessa , Wendt Marcel , Ziegenbein Marc 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungEine Vielzahl von Forschungsvorhaben weist auf die positive Wirkung von Sport und Bewegung bei der Behandlung von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen hin. In der teil- und vollstationären psychiatrischen Versorgung werden in sporttherapeutischen Maßnahmen funktionelle, psychosoziale und pädagogische Ziele verfolgt. Die Studienlage deutet auf eine positive Wirkung von körperlicher Aktivität auf die psychische und physische Gesundheit hin. Neben Wirksamkeitsuntersuchungen fehlt es dennoch an praxisorientierten Fragestellungen, die sich mit der Umsetzung sporttherapeutischer Maßnahmen und deren Inanspruchnahme im klinischen Alltag befassen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht mit qualitativen Methoden Einflussfaktoren für die Teilnahme an der Sporttherapie in einem psychiatrisch-psychosomatischen Fachkrankenhaus in Niedersachsen. Dabei wurden sowohl Mitarbeiter als auch Patienten in teil- und vollstationären Settings befragt. Es wurden intrapersonelle, organisatorische, interpersonelle und umweltbedingte Einflussfaktoren unterschieden, die für die Beteiligung an der Sporttherapie von Bedeutung sind. Die erarbeiteten Aspekte können Anhaltspunkte für die Praxis und für weitere Forschungsvorhaben bieten.
Internetbezogene Störungen bei Jugendlichen
Authors: Montag Christian , Wernicke Jennifer 
Published: August 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas Internet spielt im täglichen Leben von Jugendlichen eine entscheidende Rolle. Sie nutzen es, um mit Freunden zu kommunizieren, Musik, Bilder und Videos zu konsumieren oder Online-Spiele zu spielen. Das bringt allerdings die Gefahr mit sich, dass Jugendliche eine internetbezogene Störung (IBS; früher Internetsucht oder Internetabhängigkeit) entwickeln. Eine IBS wird mit verschiedenen negativen Konsequenzen in Zusammenhang gebracht, wie einem schlechteren psychischen Gesundheitszustand, Schlafstörungen, einem gestörten Essverhalten und schlechteren akademischen Leistungen. Die Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer IBS sind dabei vielfältig und reichen von Depressivität, Ängstlichkeit und einer geringen Lebenszufriedenheit bis hin zu familiären Schwierigkeiten oder Problemen mit Gleichaltrigen. Allerdings gibt es protektive Schutzfaktoren, wie soziale Fähigkeiten, der eigene Selbstwert oder positive familiäre Beziehungen, die einer IBS entgegenwirken können.Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit thematisiert den aktuellen Forschungsstand zur IBS, deren Risikofaktoren sowie präventive Maßnahmen, um der IBS bei Jugendlichen entgegenzuwirken.
Moderne Therapie der diabetischen sensomotorischen Polyneuropathie
Authors: Alin Stirban Ovidiu 
Published: August 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Therapie der diabetischen sensomotorischen Polyneuropathie (DSPN) ist komplex und sollte auf die Behandlung von Defiziten und Symptomen sowie auf die Vermeidung von Komplikationen wie z. B. das diabetische Fußsyndrom zielen. Zu den wichtigsten Säulen der Therapie zählen eine optimale Stoffwechseleinstellung (vorrangig bei Typ-1-Diabetes) und eine neuroprotektive Lebensweise (vorrangig bei Typ-2-Diabetes) sowie eine pathogenetisch orientierte bzw. eine symptomatisch orientierte Therapie. Welche Therapie als Monotherapie oder Kombinationstherapie eingesetzt wird, hängt unter anderem vom individuellen klinischen Bild, den Komorbiditäten, der Verträglichkeit, aber auch den Präferenzen der Patienten ab. Dieser Beitrag erläutert die unterschiedlichen Therapien und schlägt einen möglichen Algorithmus vor.
The effect of big-city news on rural America during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kim Eunji , Shepherd Michael E. , Clinton Joshua D. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
The COVID-19 pandemic reminds us of the importance of local news for keeping the public informed about their community. However, because of how media markets are defined geographically, “local” television news is not equally local. For some rural residents, their local news often focuses on urban communities with issues quite different from their own. We show that rural residents are more likely to engage in social distancing behavior than otherwise similar rural residents if their local news is produced in a city that is more impacted by COVID-19. Despite the urban-rural differences, coverage of the pandemic’s impact in the more urban counties is able to slightly, but significantly, impact the willingness of rural residents to engage in social distancing.
Temporal and spatial variation in the environmental impacts of China’s resource extraction at the provincial scale
Authors: Wang He-Ming , Wei Yao , Zhao Shen , Liu Guang-Xin , Ma Fengmei , Wang Guo-Qiang , Wang Yao , Wang Xin-Zhe , Yang Dong , Liu Jing-Ru , Wang Hong-Tao , Shi Feng , Chen Wei-Qiang 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Over the past two decades, China has experienced rapid economic development, which has not only led to a rapid increase in the use of raw materials but has also created environmental problems. This research analyzes the environmental impacts of resource extraction in China at the provincial level, and fully considers the environmental impact of various resources extraction. In addition, it is the first time to quantitatively study the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of the environmental impacts of China’s resource extraction from multiple perspectives by means of spatial visualization.

Outcomes:
The results showed that the center of gravity of abiotic depletion potential (ADP) moved northwest, respiratory inorganics (RI) moved southwest and global warming potential (GWP) moved west. The results of the standard deviation ellipse showed that RI and GWP varied over time and space, while ADP showed a discrete trend. In addition, the distribution of the four in the northeast-southwest direction became more prominent.

Conclusion:
To mitigate the environmental impacts of resource extraction, we recommend that regional governments implement measures to control environmental impacts in the provinces within the distributed ellipse and design targeted policies based on actual conditions.
When to include ECoG electrode properties in volume conduction models
Authors: Vermaas M , Piastra M C , Oostendorp T F , Ramsey N F , Tiesinga P H E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective. Implantable electrodes, such as electrocorticography (ECoG) grids, are used to record brain activity in applications like brain computer interfaces. To improve the spatial sensitivity of ECoG grid recordings, electrode properties need to be better understood. Therefore, the goal of this study is to analyze the importance of including electrodes explicitly in volume conduction calculations. Approach. We investigated the influence of ECoG electrode properties on potentials in three geometries with three different electrode models. We performed our simulations with FEMfuns, a volume conduction modeling software toolbox based on the finite element method. Main results. The presence of the electrode alters the potential distribution by an amount that depends on its surface impedance, its distance from the source and the strength of the source. Our modeling results show that when ECoG electrodes are near the sources the potentials in the underlying tissue are more uniform than without electrodes. We show that the recorded potential can change up to a factor of 3, if no extended electrode model is used. In conclusion, when the distance between an electrode and the source is equal to or smaller than the size of the electrode, electrode effects cannot be disregarded. Furthermore, the potential distribution of the tissue under the electrode is affected up to depths equal to the radius of the electrode. Significance. This paper shows the importance of explicitly including electrode properties in volume conduction models for accurately interpreting ECoG measurements.
Developing a novel indicator to estimate years of life lost attributable to temperature variability between neighboring days
Authors: Chen Siqi , Hu Jianxiong , Gong Weiwei , Zhou Maigeng , Yu Min , Zhou Chunliang , Xiao Yize , Huang Biao , Xu Yanjun , Liu Tao , Xu Xiaojun , Lin Lifeng , Hu Ruying , Hou Zhulin , Li Junhua , Jin Donghui , Qin Mingfang , Zhao Qinglong , Yin Peng , Xu Yiqing , Xiao Jianpeng , Zeng Weilin , Li Xing , He Guanhao , Guo Lingchuan , Zhang Yonghui , Huang Cunrui , Ma Wenjun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The evidence is limited for the mortality burden of temperature variability between neighboring days. This study developed a novel indicator to measure temperature variability between neighboring days and quantify its mortality burden. Daily mortality and meteorological data during 2006–2017 from 364 locations across China were collected. We first employed a distributed lag non-linear model and multivariable meta-analysis to investigate the association between the diurnal temperature range (DTR) with the years of life lost (YLL) rate and the association between the nocturnal temperature range (NTR) with the YLL rate. Then, we calculated the weight temperature variability between neighboring days (weight-TVN) based on the attributable YLL rate of the DTR and NTR. The relationship between the weight-TVN and YLL rate was analyzed, and the attributable fraction (AF) of the YLL and weight-TVN related life loss per death was calculated to quantify the mortality burden. Stratified analyses were conducted by region, season, gender, age group and cause of death. The DTR-YLL rate curve and NTR-YLL rate curve were both J-shaped and a higher YLL rate attributable to DTR was observed than NTR. There was a significant association between the weight-TVN and YLL rate. An estimated AF of the weight-TVN was 6.02% (95%CI: 3.71%–8.33%). The average life loss per death due to weight-TVN was 0.93 year (95%CI: 0.57–1.29). Stratification analyses showed that the AFs of weight-TVN were relatively larger in southern China, in the cold season, in the elderly, females and patients with respiratory illnesses. Although the AF of weight-TVN among the young group (AF = 4.74%, 95%CI: 1.79%–7.69%) was lower than for the elderly (AF = 6.06%, 95%CI: 3.72%–8.41%), weight-TVN related life loss per death among the young population (1.51, 95%CI: 0.57–2.45) was much higher than in the elderly (0.59, 95%CI: 0.36–0.82). A novel indicator to measure temperature variability between neighboring days was developed, and temperature fluctuation between adjacent days significantly increased the mortality burden. Our results indicate that more attention should be paid to short-term temperature fluctuation.
Global offshore wind energy resources using the new ERA-5 reanalysis
Authors: Soares Pedro M M , Lima Daniela C A , Nogueira Miguel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A global quantitative characterization of offshore wind power density is presented over the economic exclusive zones (EEZs), at annual and seasonal scales, based on the recently released ECMWF ERA-5 reanalysis. Compared to its predecessors, ERA-5 features increased spatial and temporal resolutions, along with improved model parameterizations and data assimilation methodologies. Consequently, the present study represents an updated benchmark of wind resources over the global oceans. Further robustness to this argument is provided by our results showing that of the EEZs with large wind energy potential are characterized by regional-scale circulation features (coastal jets and breezes, land-sea and topographic circulations), known require high model resolution to be accurately simulated. Additionally, it is demonstrated that larger errors (up to 50%) can result from estimating wind power density from logarithmically extrapolated near-surface wind speed when compared to using high-resolution model level information. Coarser (daily) temporal resolution is also found to cause widespread increases in offshore wind power density errors between 10% and 30% compared to higher (hourly) resolution data. Further leveraging on the high vertical resolution of ERA-5, we show the large benefit of future increases in hub-heights from 100 m to 250 m for global offshore wind resources. Such technological advance results in widespread gains (ranging between +5% and +50%) throughout the global EEZs and no losses for all seasons. Moreover, the gains are >+10% for all regions with large wind energy potential at 100 m and >+40% over the Arctic Pacific sector and in regions characterized by the presence of coastal low-level jets.
Pulse laser thermography as a non-destructive method of latent surface defects of materials
Authors: Abramov Pavel I. , Kuznetsov Eugene V. , Lobanov Peter Y. , Sidoryuk Oleg E. , Skvortsov Leonid A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The time dependences of the surface temperature increment of painted metal objects were studied depending on the thickness of the layer subjected to corrosion, as well as putty, restoring erosion defects on it. Hidden under a layer of paint, they cannot be detected remotely during normal visual observation. At the same time they are well detected by pulsed laser thermography. The experimental data in the work are compared with the results of mathematical modeling. Particular attention is paid to eliminating possible distortions caused by external contamination of the tested objects.
Development of the solar roof tile with internal cooling
Authors: Raz Karel , Chval Zdenek 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with the development of the roof tile with the integrated solar panel. This panel is cooled down with respect to maximizing of the efficiency. Dimensions of the tile are according generally used roof tile. Plastic solar tile can replace the regular one. The design of the tile was validated by usage of thermal simulations and flow simulations in NX Nastran software. These FEM solutions were validated by the measurement on the prototype. The output of this research is prototype from plastic material. This material was selected because of the fast and cheap production.
Fabrication of smart supramolecular systems based on polyelectrolytes and surfactants in microfluidic environment
Authors: Bezrukov Artem , Galyametdinov Yury 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This work represents a process of fabrication of smart materials in a microfluidic confinement. Compared with macroscopic solutions, microfluidic convection-diffusion conditions create multiple additional factors that affect complexation in reacting polymer and surfactant flows. The system of convection-diffusion-reaction equations was solved to develop a polyelectrolyte-surfactant interaction model in a microchannel with laminar flows of reactants; phase formation and precipitation conditions in a microchannel were considered. The recommendations for control of phase behaviour in a microchannel were proposed by the design and operation mode of microfluidic devices used for synthesis of polymer-surfactant complexes and characterization of polymer-surfactant association process.
The numerical simulation of the changes of lock-in phenomenon produced from an in-line oscillating circular cylinder by the vortex method
Authors: Yokoi Yoshifumi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study carries out a numerical simulation about changes of the lock-in phenomenon of the single circular cylinder which is oscillating in the direction of a flow. As for the calculation method of this study, the vortex method was used. The calculation was carried out by Reynolds number Re= 500. The oscillating amplitude ratio was 2a/d = 0.25 and the range of oscillating frequency ratio f/fK
was 0 to 3. In order to know the reliability of the calculation method, the flow aspect and fluid force of the stationary single circular cylinder were investigated, and it compared with the existing experimental result. The result was well in agreement. Also in calculation of the oscillating single circular cylinder, two typical flow patterns when a lock-in occurs were expressed. The relationship of the drag and lift was also found. The aspects of the flow of the situation which the lock-in does not produce were investigated. In the situation which the lock-in does not produce, there is no particular flow pattern and it became clear that two typical vortex shedding configurations interchanged and appeared. It was found that the character of such a complicated flow can also be expressed by the vortex method.
Computational-experimental model of fatigue growth of the welded joint crack
Authors: Kuts Mikhail S. , Andrienko Ludmila A. , Annenkov Phillip M. , Alexandrov Yaroslav V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWelded joints are commonly used in various industries, and in many cases, they contain an initial crack, which could lead to huge damage. For this reason, it is essential to have a model to predict fatigue evolution of the welded joint crack. This paper is dedicated to the method of constructing the computational-experimental model of the fatigue growth of the welded joint crack. The described method is based on a numerical calculation using finite element modelling and Paris-Erdogan equation of the crack growth. Besides, the fatigue experiments of the test sample with a welded joint were conducted and the model of crack growth was constructed with the use of the obtained experimental data.
Research dynamic motion of a landing vehicle during the final landing stage
Authors: Koryanov Vsevolod V. , Hermosilla Heras Maria 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Landing systems for future space missions in Earth and Mars require trustable technologies capable of achieving its aim in the most accurate way possible. Using the software Universal Mechanism (developed by Bryansk State Technical University) and the classic mechanics theory on a model based on the geometry of the ExoMars vehicle, a series of different landing situations have been simulated varying the initial conditions, the approach to the surface and the surface itself. As a result, the values of the arising overloads and forces acting on the descent vehicle and its payload were calculated during the landing stage in Earth and Mars. The information collected would help understand to what extent it is crucial to know the characteristics of the landing zone (type of soil, slope, etc.) and to control the vehicle’s inclination (measured from the radial axis) to provide successful landings for future missions.
Expanding sacrificially printed microfluidic channel-embedded paper devices for construction of volumetric tissue models in vitro
Authors: Li Hongbin , Cheng Feng , Li Wanlu , Cao Xia , Wang Zixuan , Wang Mian , Robledo-Lara Juan Antonio , Liao Junlong , Chávez-Madero Carolina , Hassan Shabir , Xie Jingwei , Trujillo-de Santiago Grissel , Álvarez Mario Moisés , He Jinmei , Zhang Yu Shrike 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We report a method for expanding microchannel-embedded paper devices using a precisely controlled gas-foaming technique for the generation of volumetric tissue models in vitro. We successfully fabricated hollow, perfusable microchannel patterns contained in a densely entangled network of bacterial cellulose nanofibrils using matrix-assisted sacrificial three-dimensional printing, and demonstrated the maintenance of their structural integrity after gas-foaming-enabled expansion in an aqueous solution of NaBH4. The resulting expanded microchannel-embedded paper devices showed multilayered laminar structures with controllable thicknesses as a function of both NaBH4 concentration and expansion time. With expansion, the thickness and porosity of the bacterial cellulose network were significantly increased. As such, cellular infiltration was promoted comparing to as-prepared, non-expanded devices. This simple technique enables the generation of truly volumetric, cost-effective human-based tissue models, such as vascularized tumor models, for potential applications in preclinical drug screening and personalized therapeutic selection.