bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Hydrogenation/Hydrogenolysis of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Dimethylfuran
Authors: Mäki‐Arvela Päivi , Ruiz Doris , Murzin Dmitry Yu. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent developments in transformations of biobased 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐dimethylfuran, a potential liquid fuel, are critically summarized. The highest yield of 2,5‐dimethylfuran (more than 98 %) from 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural are obtained over bimetallic Cu−Co supported on carbon at 180 °C under 5 bar hydrogen in 2‐propanol and over Ni supported on mesoporous carbon at 200 °C under 30 bar hydrogen in water in a batch reactor. The desired catalyst should have relatively high metal dispersion and some acidity to facilitate both hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis. However, overhydrogenation and overhydrogenolysis forming 2,5‐dimethyltetrahydrofuran and methylfuran, respectively, should be suppressed. Furthermore, a hydrophobic support is more selective than oxide‐based support. After a careful adjustment of the residence time in a continuous reactor it is also possible to produce high yields of 2,5‐dimethylfuran even over Pt/C. The main challenges limiting the industrial feasibility of these reactions are relatively low initial reactant concentration, catalyst deactivation by sintering, leaching and coking. In addition to selection of optimum reaction conditions and catalyst properties, kinetic modelling was also summarized.
Retracted: CD248 as a novel therapeutic target in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Xu Tao , Shao Lei , Wang Aimei , Liang Rui , Lin Yuhan , Wang Guan , Zhao Yan , Hu Jing , Liu Shuangyue 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPulmonary vascular remodeling is the most important pathological characteristic of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). No effective treatment for PAH is currently available because the mechanism underlying vascular remodeling is not completely clear. CD248, also known as endosialin, is a transmembrane protein that is highly expressed in pericytes and fibroblasts. Here, we evaluated the role of CD248 in pulmonary vascular remodeling and the processes of PAH pathogenesis. Activation of CD248 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) was found to be proportional to the severity of PAH. CD248 contributed to platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB)‐induced PASMC proliferation and migration along with the shift to more synthetic phenotypes. In contrast, treatment with Cd248 siRNA or the anti‐CD248 therapeutic antibody (ontuxizumab) significantly inhibited the PDGF signaling pathway, obstructed NF‐κB p65‐mediated transcription of Nox4, and decreased reactive oxygen species production induced by PDGF‐BB in PAMSCs. In addition, knockdown of CD248 alleviated pulmonary vascular remodeling in rat PAH models. This study provides novel insights into the dysfunction of PASMCs leading to pulmonary vascular remodeling, and provides evidence for anti‐remodeling treatment for PAH via the immediate targeting of CD248.
Modified congener analysis: Quantification of cyanide in whole blood, other body fluids, and diverse beverages
Authors: Sundermann Tom R. , Schmitt Georg , Bartel Marc 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe congener analysis is routinely used for the determination of volatile compounds in body fluids and beverages for forensic investigations. Although intoxications with cyanide via smoke inhalation or ingestion of cyanide salts are frequently encountered in forensic medicine, the inclusion of hydrogen cyanide in this analysis was never studied in detail. In this work, a very simple, fast, and sensitive quantification method with headspace gas chromatography and flame ionization detection for the analysis of cyanide in whole blood—was developed and validated. In contrast to the standard sample preparation of the congener analysis, an acidification step with tartaric acid was added. A limit of detection of 50 ng/ml, good linearity (coefficient of correlation > 0.9997), high accuracy (101.5%–106.4%), and precision (relative standard deviation 1.8%–3.7%) were achieved. Authentic blood samples of 10 forensic cases were investigated with the new method. Furthermore, the method was used for the quantification of cyanide in other body fluids (serum and urine) and diverse beverages. Interferences were investigated, and the addition of aldehydes produced a clear concentration‐dependent decrease of the cyanide signal. Besides, the method offers an economical use of limited sample material by the simultaneous determination of cyanide, ethanol, and congener alcohols.
Hypoxia inducible factor‐2α importance for migration, proliferation, and self‐renewal of trunk neural crest cells
Authors: Niklasson Camilla U. , Fredlund Elina , Monni Emanuela , Lindvall Jessica M. , Kokaia Zaal , Hammarlund Emma U. , Bronner Marianne E. , Mohlin Sofie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe neural crest is a transient embryonic stem cell population. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)‐2α is associated with neural crest stem cell appearance and aggressiveness in tumors. However, little is known about its role in normal neural crest development.ResultsHere, we show that HIF‐2α is expressed in trunk neural crest cells of human, murine, and avian embryos. Knockdown as well as overexpression of HIF‐2α in vivo causes developmental delays, induces proliferation, and self‐renewal capacity of neural crest cells while decreasing the proportion of neural crest cells that migrate ventrally to sympathoadrenal sites. Reflecting the in vivo phenotype, transcriptome changes after loss of HIF‐2α reveal enrichment of genes associated with cancer, invasion, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, and growth arrest.ConclusionsTaken together, these results suggest that expression levels of HIF‐2α must be strictly controlled during normal trunk neural crest development and that dysregulated levels affects several important features connected to stemness, migration, and development.
An experimental test of temperature‐dependent selection on mitochondrial haplotypes in Callosobruchus maculatus seed beetles
Authors: Immonen Elina , Berger David , Sayadi Ahmed , Liljestrand‐Rönn Johanna , Arnqvist Göran 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) consists of few but vital maternally inherited genes that interact closely with nuclear genes to produce cellular energy. How important mtDNA polymorphism is for adaptation is still unclear. The assumption in population genetic studies is often that segregating mtDNA variation is selectively neutral. This contrasts with empirical observations of mtDNA haplotypes affecting fitness‐related traits and thermal sensitivity, and latitudinal clines in mtDNA haplotype frequencies. Here, we experimentally test whether ambient temperature affects selection on mtDNA variation, and whether such thermal effects are influenced by intergenomic epistasis due to interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genes, using replicated experimental evolution in Callosobruchus maculatus seed beetle populations seeded with a mixture of different mtDNA haplotypes. We also test for sex‐specific consequences of mtDNA evolution on reproductive success, given that mtDNA mutations can have sexually antagonistic fitness effects. Our results demonstrate natural selection on mtDNA haplotypes, with some support for thermal environment influencing mtDNA evolution through mitonuclear epistasis. The changes in male and female reproductive fitness were both aligned with changes in mtDNA haplotype frequencies, suggesting that natural selection on mtDNA is sexually concordant in stressful thermal environments. We discuss the implications of our findings for the evolution of mtDNA.
Study design of Heart failure Events reduction with Remote Monitoring and eHealth Support (HERMeS)
Authors: Yun Sergi , Enjuanes Cristina , Calero Esther , Hidalgo Encarnación , Cobo Marta , Llàcer Pau , García‐Pinilla José Manuel , González‐Franco Álvaro , Núñez Julio , Morales‐Rull José Luis , Beltrán Paola , Delso Cristina , Freixa‐Pamias Román , Moliner Pedro , Corbella Xavier , Comín‐Colet Josep ,   the HERMeS trial investigators group
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsThe role of non‐invasive telemedicine (TM) combining telemonitoring and teleintervention by videoconference (VC) in patients recently admitted due to heart failure (HF) (‘vulnerable phase’ HF patients) is not well established. The aim of the Heart failure Events reduction with Remote Monitoring and eHealth Support (HERMeS) trial is to assess the impact on clinical outcomes of implementing a TM service based on mobile health (mHealth), which includes remote daily monitoring of biometric data and symptom reporting (telemonitoring) combined with VC structured, nurse‐based follow‐up (teleintervention). The results will be compared with those of the comprehensive HF usual care (UC) strategy based on face‐to‐face on‐site visits at the vulnerable post‐discharge phase.Methods and resultsWe designed a 24 week nationwide, multicentre, randomized, controlled, open‐label, blinded endpoint adjudication trial to assess the effect on cardiovascular (CV) mortality and non‐fatal HF events of a TM‐based comprehensive management programme, based on mHealth, for patients with chronic HF. Approximately 508 patients with a recent hospital admission due to HF decompensation will be randomized (1:1) to either structured follow‐up based on face‐to‐face appointments (UC group) or the delivery of health care using TM. The primary outcome will be a composite of death from CV causes or non‐fatal HF events (first and recurrent) at the end of a 6 month follow‐up period. Key secondary endpoints will include components of the primary event analysis, recurrent event analysis, and patient‐reported outcomes.ConclusionsThe HERMeS trial will assess the efficacy of a TM‐based follow‐up strategy for real‐world ‘vulnerable phase’ HF patients combining telemonitoring and teleintervention.
When is it wrong to eat animals? The relevance of different animal traits and behaviours
Authors: Leach Stefan , Sutton Robbie M. , Dhont Kristof , Douglas Karen M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResearch suggests that animals’ capacity for agency, experience, and benevolence predict beliefs about their moral treatment. Four studies built on this work by examining how fine‐grained information about animals’ traits and behaviours (e.g., can store food for later vs. can use tools) shifted moral beliefs about eating and harming animals. The information that most strongly affected moral beliefs was related to secondary emotions (e.g., can feel love), morality (e.g., will share food with others), empathy (e.g., can feel others' pain), social connections (e.g., will look for deceased family members), and moral patiency (e.g., can feel pain). In addition, information affected moral judgements in line with how it affected superordinate representations about animals’ capacity for experience/feeling but not agency/thinking. The results provide a fine‐grained outline of how, and why, information about animals’ traits and behaviours informs moral judgements.
The Rapid and Practical Route to Cu@PCR Sensor: Modification of Copper Nanoparticles Upon Conducting Polymer for a Sensitive Non‐Enzymatic Glucose Sensor
Authors: Ayranci Rukiye 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, rapid, sensitive, practical, and economical strategy for non‐enzymatic glucose sensor has been reported based on a modification of copper nanoparticles upon conducting polymer with high surface area (Cu@PCR). Firstly, PCR conducting polymer electrode (PCR) has been successfully fabricated by electrochemical polymerization of a specially synthesized and characterized star‐shaped carbazole derivative. Then copper nanoparticles have been successfully electrodeposited on the PCR as a practical method with cyclic voltammetry. The morphologies of the synthesized materials have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurements. The Cu@PCR sensor platform has been displayed a synergistic effect of high catalytical properties of copper nanoparticles and high electroactive properties of PCR towards the glucose oxidation in alkaline medium. The Cu@PCR sensor platform has shown high sensitivity of 847 μAmM−1cm−2, good stability (10 weeks), a low detection limit of 0.043 μM, and a fast response of 3 s for the non‐enzymatic electrochemical detection of glucose. This organic−inorganic hybrid composite sensor is a promising candidate for the fabrication of a highly sensitive and rapid glucose‐sensing with the simple preparation procedure and use of a low‐cost precursor.
Ready to Use Electrochemical Sensor Strip for Point‐of‐Care Monitoring of Serum Lithium
Authors: Singh Urvasini , Kumbhat Sunita 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLooking to the toxicity quotient of lithium for human well being, a simple electrochemical sensor based on self assembled monolayer with physically adsorbed 6,6’‐dibenzyl‐14‐crown‐4 ether onto a screen printed gold sensor electrode is proposed, where changein voltammetric current signal of redox probe as a mediator, is the basis of transducer. The sensor is responsive to 0.1 mM to 2.5 mM lithium and selective over potassium, calcium and large excess of sodium in solution. The system is promising for real‐time selective recognition of lithium in a label free assay and for point‐of‐care lithium level monitoring in clinical and biomedical fields.
Coupled multi‐criteria decision‐making method: A new approach for environmental impact assessment of industrial companies
Authors: Mohebali Sajjad , Maghsoudy Soroush , Doulati Ardejani Faramarz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMulti‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) methods have various applications in different fields of science. These methods can also be used as environmental impact assessment (EIA) approaches. The diversity of results of different MCDM methods has led to the development of integration strategies. In this research, the EIA of a coal washing plant in Iran has been carried out by using MCDM methods comprising TOPSIS, PROMETHEE, and ELECTRE. In addition, the results of various MCDM‐EIA methods were combined using the most well‐known integration strategies: Borda, Copeland, and Kohler. The final MCDM‐EIA results ranked the environmental components of the coal washing plant. Ecology, Landscape, and Human health risks were recognized to be the most critical environmental components for the plant. Fuzzy AHP and Monte‐Carlo AHP methods produced the best results among various MCDM methods and had the same results as the final integration method. Finally, a method was proposed to evaluate the impacting factors of the plant. This method, which is called development plan evaluation (DPE), identifies the most influential factors based on the MCDM‐EIA process. By using the DPE approach, it is possible to revise the factory process and identify the harmful effects of an industrial project.
A comprehensive genetic and epidemiological association analysis of vitamin D with common diseases/traits in the UK Biobank
Authors: Ye Yixuan , Yang Hongxi , Wang Yaogang , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVitamin D has been intensively studied for its association with human health, but the scope of such association and the causal role of vitamin D remain controversial. We aim to comprehensively investigate the links between vitamin D and human health through both epidemiological and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. We examined the epidemiological associations between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and 90 diseases/traits in 326,409 UK Biobank (UKBB) Europeans. The causal relations between 25(OH)D and 106 diseases/traits were investigated by performing MR analysis using genome‐wide significant 25(OH)D‐associated variants (N = 143) from the largest UKBB GWAS to date. In epidemiological analysis, we found 25(OH)D was associated with 45 diseases/traits across cardiovascular/metabolic diseases, psychiatric/neurological diseases, autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, cancer, musculoskeletal diseases, and quantitative traits. In MR‐analysis, we presented evidence suggesting potential causal role of 25(OH)D in increasing height (β = .064, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.019–0.11) and preventing the risk of ovarian cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93–0.99), multiple sclerosis (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94–0.98), leg fracture (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.45–0.80) and femur fracture (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.32–0.84). These findings confirmed associations of vitamin D with a broad spectrum of diseases/traits and supported the potential causal role of vitamin D in promoting health.
The influence of social, psychological, and cognitive factors on the clinical course in older patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Orhan Melis , Huijser Janette , Korten Nicole , Paans Nadine , Regeer Eline , Sonnenberg Caroline , van Oppen Patricia , Stek Max , Kupka Ralph , Dols Annemiek 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesResearch on factors that contribute to recurrence in older adults with bipolar disorder (OABD) is sparse. Previous research showed that clinical factors (e.g., age of onset, lifetime psychotic features, and suicide risk) were not associated with the recurrence in OABD. In younger adults, worse social functioning, coping style, and worse cognitive functioning are found to be associated with an unfavorable course of bipolar disorder. Therefore, this study is focusing on social, psychological, and cognitive factors in OABD. More insight in these factors is essential in order to develop and further specify preventive and treatment interventions.MethodsData were used from the Dutch Older Bipolars (DOBi) cohort study. We included 64 patients for 3‐year follow‐up measurements, who were divided in a recurrent group and a nonrecurrent group. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess associations between social, psychological, and cognitive factors, and nonrecurrence.Results39.1% reported at least one recurrence during the 3‐year follow‐up period. No significant associations were found between the social, psychological, and cognitive factors and having a recurrence during the follow‐up period.DiscussionParticipants in the recurrent group were younger, more often female and less likely to have children. Our results suggest that results from the adult bipolar disorder population cannot be extrapolated to OABD patients, underlining the need for longitudinal studies in OABD.
Environmental deformations dynamically shift human spatial memory
Authors: Keinath Alexandra T. , Rechnitz Ohad , Balasubramanian Vijay , Epstein Russell A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlace and grid cells in the hippocampal formation are commonly thought to support a unified and coherent cognitive map of space. This mapping mechanism faces a challenge when a navigator is placed in a familiar environment that has been deformed from its original shape. Under such circumstances, many transformations could plausibly serve to map a navigator's familiar cognitive map to the deformed space. Previous empirical results indicate that the firing fields of rodent place and grid cells stretch or compress in a manner that approximately matches the environmental deformation, and human spatial memory exhibits similar distortions. These effects have been interpreted as evidence that reshaping a familiar environment elicits an analogously reshaped cognitive map. However, recent work has suggested an alternative explanation, whereby deformation‐induced distortions of the grid code are attributable to a mechanism that dynamically anchors grid fields to the most recently experienced boundary, thus causing history‐dependent shifts in grid phase. This interpretation raises the possibility that human spatial memory will exhibit similar history‐dependent dynamics. To test this prediction, we taught participants the locations of objects in a virtual environment and then probed their memory for these locations in deformed versions of this environment. Across three experiments with variable access to visual and vestibular cues, we observed the predicted pattern, whereby the remembered locations of objects were shifted from trial to trial depending on the boundary of origin of the participant's movement trajectory. These results provide evidence for a dynamic anchoring mechanism that governs both neuronal firing and spatial memory.
Thermoeconomic analysis and multiobjective optimization of tubular heat exchanger network using different shapes of nanoparticles
Authors: Hajabdollahi Hassan , Masoumpour Babak , Ataeizadeh Mohammad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, the effects of different nanoparticle shapes including blades, cylinders, and bricks on the thermoeconomic optimization of tubular heat exchanger (HE) networks have been studied. Boehmite alumina was used as nanoparticle and water as the base fluid. Optimal results were proposed to improve both thermal effectiveness and total annual cost simultaneously by eight design parameters. In addition, optimization was performed for four nanofluid mass flow rates, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 kg/s. The results show that the application of nanoparticles was accompanied by an improvement in the thermal economic parameters of the HE network, and this improvement rate was noticeable in higher values of effectiveness. However, the results indicate a nanofluid optimal mass flow rate of 1.5 kg/s, whereas there was no significant improvement by increasing mass flow rate to 2 kg/s. The optimum results in this paper showed that the best‐studied nanoparticle shape was blade, followed by brick and cylinder shapes. For example, 9.60%, 10.68%, and 11.20% improvements in the effectiveness were obtained in cylindrical, brick, and blade forms at a fixed cost of 3000 $/year, compared with BF. These improvements are 10.40%, 11.25%, and 11.52%, respectively, for the constant value of total annual cost = 4400 $/year.
A comparison on particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm performances in deriving the efficient frontier of stocks portfolios based on a mean‐lower partial moment model
Authors: Mahmoudi Armin , Hashemi Leila , Jasemi Milad , Pope James 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a portfolio optimization model on the basis of the risk measure of lower partial moment of the first order is discussed. Two meta‐heuristic methods of particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm performances are applied and compared from different aspects to derive the stocks portfolios efficient frontier. The data belongs to the monthly returns of 20 randomly selected and approved stocks in the New York Stock Exchange for the financial period of 2005–2011. The results prove that both algorithms are quite efficient in solving the mean‐lower partial moment of the first order model with the particle swarm optimization being superior.