bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First photographic evidence of the Asiatic Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhutan
Authors: Wangyel Sonam , Dorji Kumbu , Tobgay Sonam , Yangdon Norbu 
Published: February 2020

The Asiatic Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii is among Asia’s least studied wild felids. We report the first photographic evidence of its presence in Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary, eastern Bhutan, where it was recorded above 3,000m. The photographs show three distinct colour morphs, viz., golden, buff brown, and melanistic. The main threat to the species in the sanctuary appears to be habitat loss due to increasing developmental activities and land use change. Future studies are needed to determine the conservation status of Asiatic Golden Cats in Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary.
New record on Asiatic Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae): photographic evidence of its westernmost distribution in Gaurishankar Conservation Area, Nepal
Authors: Koju Narayan Prasad , Bashyal Bijay , Pandey Bishnu Prasad , Thami Shankar , Dhamala Man Kumar , Shah Satya Narayan 
Published: February 2020

The Asiatic Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii is poorly known in Nepal and was previously recorded only twice in the eastern part of the country. We conducted a camera trap survey in the Lapchi Valley (32km2) of Gaurishankar Conservation Area (GCA), a protected area in north-central Nepal, from October 2018 to April 2019. Eleven cameras were deployed to record mammalian diversity in a 2×2 km2 grid across Lapchi block of GCA. During the study period, four photos and three videos (each of 10 seconds length) of Asiatic Golden Cats were recorded at an elevation of 2,540m at a single camera trap station. This is the first photographic record of Asiatic Golden Cat in this region of Nepal extending the distribution of the species further west in the Himalaya. A more detailed study on its distribution, population size and behaviour is warranted in the near future to implement appropriate conservation measures.
Iberian Lynx Lynx pardinus Temminck, 1827 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in central Spain: trophic niche of an isolated population
Authors: Alfaya Pedro , Invernón Ariadna , Alonso Germán 
Published: February 2020

Understanding predator-prey relationships is fundamental to develop effective conservation plans. Between 2015 and 2018, we combed 21 transects, each 7km long, searching for Iberian Lynx Lynx pardinus scat within the province of Madrid in central Spain. In order to minimise inherent subjectivity of visual identification as much as possible, we performed a double specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by a primer extension assay addressed to two Iberian Lynx diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms. Forty-six scat samples were positively identified as belonging to Iberian Lynx through genetic analysis. From these, we extracted remains of consumed prey, which we determined to the lowest possible taxonomic level, mainly through hair identification. Identified prey was divided into four types: lagomorphs, small mammals, birds, and ungulates. The species’ diet composition was described based on the frequency of occurrence (FO) of each prey and niche breadth, and also compared with prior knowledge of the species using four prior studies as a comparative reference through the calculation of the niche overlap value. The FO of lagomorphs (39%) was the lowest, while the FO of small mammals (54%) was the highest recorded to date. The niche breath (0.36) was higher than recorded in prior studies, but still showing the specialist character of the Iberian Lynx. Niche overlap was low (C = 0.49), showing differences in trophic niche between the population in our study area and the one studied in southern Spain. This indicates that the Iberian Lynx is adept at switching its main prey, an ability that has previously been firmly rejected. It is, however, capable of adapting to alternative prey more often than recorded to date, which could be a behavioural response to the patchy distribution of European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus in the study area.
Jungle Cat Felis chaus Schreber, 1777 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) at high elevations in Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Bikram Shrestha , Subedi Naresh , Kandel Ram Chandra 
Published: February 2020

To date, the Jungle Cat Felis chaus has been recorded in the lowlands and mid-hills in Nepal. Photographic evidence, however, is scarce, particularly in alpine habitat. Here we present the first photographic records of the Jungle Cat in an alpine habitat in Lower Mustang of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. It was recorded by camera traps at elevations of 3,000–3,100 m in 2014 and 2016 in 10 detections during 2,755 trap days. In July 2016, one individual was sighted at an elevation of 3,300m. The habitat of these records comprised riverbed, a poultry farm adjacent to agricultural land and shrubland of Juniper and Caragana species.
Effects of Exercise Therapy Dosing Schedule on Impaired Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Patients With Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Scott Jessica M. , Thomas Samantha M. , Peppercorn Jeffrey M. , Herndon James E. , Douglas Pamela S. , Khouri Michel G. , Dang Chau T. , Yu Anthony F. , Catalina Diane , Ciolino Cristi , Capaci Catherine , Michalski Meghan G. , Eves Neil D. , Jones Lee W. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Current exercise guidelines for clinical populations recommend an exercise therapy (ET) prescription of fixed intensity (moderate), duration (40–50 minutes per session), and volume (120–160 min/wk). A critical overarching element of exercise programming that has received minimal attention is dose scheduling. We investigated the tolerability and efficacy of 2 exercise training dose regimens on cardiorespiratory fitness and patient-reported outcomes in patients with posttreatment primary breast cancer.

Methods:

Using a parallel-group randomized trial, we randomly allocated 174 postmenopausal patients (2.8 years after adjuvant therapy) with impaired peak oxygen consumption (VO
2
peak) to 1 of 2 supervised exercise training interventions delivered with a standard linear (LET) (fixed dose intensity per session for 160 min/wk) or nonlinear (NLET) (variable dose intensity per session for ≈120 min/wk) schedule compared with a stretching attention control group for 16 consecutive weeks. Stretching was matched to exercise dosing arms on the basis of location, frequency, duration, and treatment length. The primary end point was change in VO
2
peak (mL O
2
·kg
−1
·min
−1
) from baseline to after intervention. Secondary end points were patient-reported outcomes, tolerability, and safety.

Results:

No serious adverse events were observed. Mean attendance was 64%, 75%, and 80% for attention control, LET, and NLET, respectively. In intention-to-treat analysis, VO
2
peak increased 0.6±1.7 mL O
2
·kg
−1
·min
−1
(
P
=0.05) and 0.8±1.8 mL O
2
·kg
−1
·min
−1
(
P
=0.07) in LET and NLET, respectively, compared with attention control. Change in VO
2
peak ranged from −2.7 to 4.1 mL O
2
·kg
−1
·min
−1
and from −3.6 to 5.1 mL O
2
·kg
−1
·min
−1
in LET and NLET, respectively. Approximately 40% of patients in both exercise dosing regimens were classified as VO
2
peak responders (ie, Δ ≥1.32 mL O
2
·kg
−1
·min
−1
). NLET improved all patient-reported outcomes compared with attention control.

Conclusions:
Short-term exercise training, independently of dosing schedule, is associated with modest improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness in patients previously treated for early-stage breast cancer.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01186367.
Women’s Participation in Cardiovascular Clinical Trials From 2010 to 2017
Authors: Jin Xurui , Chandramouli Chanchal , Allocco Brooke , Gong Enying , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Yan Lijing L. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women worldwide, yet, women have historically been underrepresented in cardiovascular trials.

Methods:

We systematically assessed the participation of women in completed cardiovascular trials registered in
ClinicalTrials.gov
between 2010 and 2017, and extracted publicly available information including disease type, sponsor type, country, trial size, intervention type, and the demographic characteristics of trial participants. We calculated the female-to-male ratio for each trial and determined the prevalence-adjusted estimates for participation of women by dividing the percentage of women among trial participants by the percentage of women in the disease population (participation prevalence ratio; a ratio of 0.8 to 1.2 suggests comparable prevalence and good representation).

Results:

We identified 740 completed cardiovascular trials including a total of 862 652 adults, of whom 38.2% were women. The median female-to-male ratio of each trial was 0.51 (25th quartile, 0.32; 75th quartile, 0.90) overall and varied by age group (1.02 in ≤55 year old group versus 0.40 in the 61- to 65-year-old group), type of intervention (0.44 for procedural trials versus 0.78 for lifestyle intervention trials), disease type (0.34 for acute coronary syndrome versus 3.20 for pulmonary hypertension), region (0.45 for Western Pacific versus 0.55 for the Americas), funding/sponsor type (0.14 for government-funded versus 0.73 for multiple sponsors), and trial size (0.56 for smaller [n≤47] versus 0.49 for larger [n≥399] trials). Relative to their prevalence in the disease population, participation prevalence ratio was higher than 0.8 for hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension and lower (participation prevalence ratio 0.48 to 0.78) for arrhythmia, coronary heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure trials. The most recent time period (2013 to 2017) saw significant increases in participation prevalence ratios for stroke (
P
=0.007) and heart failure (
P
=0.01) trials compared with previous periods.

Conclusions:
Among cardiovascular trials in the current decade, men still predominate overall, but the representation of women varies with disease and trial characteristics, and has improved in stroke and heart failure trials.
Sex-Specific Trends in Acute Myocardial Infarction Within an Integrated Healthcare Network, 2000 Through 2014
Authors: Mefford Matthew T. , Li Bonnie H. , Qian Lei , Reading Stephanie R. , Harrison Teresa N. , Scott Ronald D. , Cavendish Jeffrey J. , Jacobsen Steven J. , Kanter Michael H. , Woodward Mark , Reynolds Kristi 
Published: February 2020

Background:
In recent decades, the rates of incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have declined in the United States, yet disparities by sex remain. In an integrated healthcare delivery system, we examined temporal trends in incident AMI among women and men.

Methods:

We identified hospitalized AMI among members ≥35 years of age in Kaiser Permanente Southern California. The first hospitalization for AMI overall, and for ST-segment–elevation MI and non–ST-segment–elevation MI was identified by
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification
primary discharge diagnosis codes in each calendar year from 2000 through 2014. Age- and sex-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 person-years were calculated by using direct adjustment to the 2010 US Census population. Average annual percent changes (AAPCs) and period percent changes were calculated, and trend tests were conducted using Poisson regression.

Results:
We identified 45 331 AMI hospitalizations between 2000 and 2014. Age- and sex-standardized incidence rates of AMI declined from 322.4 (95% CI, 311.0–333.9) in 2000 to 174.6 (95% CI, 168.2–181.0) in 2014, representing an AAPC of –4.4% (95% CI, –4.2 to –4.6) and a period percent change of –46.6%. The AAPC for AMI in women was –4.6% (95% CI, –4.1 to –5.2) between 2000 and 2009 and declined to –2.3% (95% CI, –1.2 to –3.4) between 2010 and 2014. The AAPC for AMI in men was stable over the study period (–4.7% [95% CI, –4.4 to –4.9]). The AAPC for ST-segment–elevation MI hospitalization overall was –8.3% (95% CI, –8.0% to –8.6%).The AAPC in ST-segment–elevation MI changed among women in 2009 (2000–2009: –10.2% [95% CI, –9.3 to –11.1] and in 2010–2014: –5.2% [95% CI, –3.1 to –7.3]) while remaining stable among men (–8.0% [95% CI, –7.6 to –8.4]). The AAPC for non–ST-segment–elevation MI hospitalization was smaller than for ST-segment–elevation MI among both women and men (–1.9% [95% CI, –1.5 to –2.3] and –2.8% [95% CI, –2.5 to –3.2], respectively).

Conclusions:
These results suggest that the incidence of hospitalized AMI declined between 2000 and 2014; however, declines in AMI have slowed among women in comparison with men in recent years. Determining unmet care needs among women may reduce these sex-based AMI disparities.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Burden During the Menopause Transition and Late Midlife Subclinical Vascular Disease: Does Race/Ethnicity Matter?
Authors: Barinas‐Mitchell Emma , Duan Chunzhe , Brooks Maria , El Khoudary Samar R. , Thurston Rebecca C. , Matthews Karen A. , Jackson Elizabeth A. , Lewis Tené T. , Derby Carol A. 
Published: February 2020

Background

The extent to which cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) risk factors across the menopause explain racial/ethnic differences in subclinical vascular disease in late midlife women is not well documented and was explored in a multi‐ethnic cohort.

Methods and Results

Participants (n=1357; mean age 60 years) free of clinical
CVD
from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation had common carotid artery intima‐media thickness, interadventitial diameter, and carotid plaque presence assessed by ultrasonography on average 13.7 years after baseline visit. Early to late midlife time‐averaged cumulative burden of traditional
CVD
risk factors calculated using serial measures from baseline to the ultrasound visit were generally less favorable in black and Hispanic women compared with white and Chinese women, including education and smoking status and time‐averaged cumulative blood pressure, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting insulin. Independent of these risk factors,
BMI
, and medications, common carotid artery intima‐media thickness was thicker in black women, interadventitial diameter was wider in Chinese women, yet plaque presence was lower in black and Hispanic women compared with white women.
CVD
risk factor associations with subclinical vascular measures did not vary by race/ethnicity except for high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol on common carotid artery intima‐media thickness; an inverse association between high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and common carotid artery intima‐media thickness was observed in Chinese and Hispanic but not in white or black women.

Conclusions

Race/ethnicity did not particularly moderate the association between traditional
CVD
risk factors measured across the menopause transition and late midlife subclinical vascular disease. Unmeasured socioeconomic, cultural, and nontraditional biological risk factors likely play a role in racial/ethnic differences in vascular health and merit further exploration.
Do Sex Differences Exist in the Establishment of “Do Not Attempt Resuscitation” Orders and Survival in Patients Successfully Resuscitated From In‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest?
Authors: Perman Sarah M. , Beaty Brenda L. , Daugherty Stacie L. , Havranek Edward P. , Haukoos Jason S. , Juarez‐Colunga Elizabeth , Bradley Steven M. , Fendler Timothy J. , Chan Paul S. , Grossestreuer Anne V. , Moskowitz Ari , Edelson Dana , Ornato Joseph , Berg Katherine , Peberdy Mary Ann , Churpek Matthew , Kurz Michael , Starks Monique Anderson , Girotra Saket , Goldberger Zachary 
Published: February 2020

Background

Women have higher utilization of “do not attempt resuscitation” (
DNAR
) orders during treatment for critical illness. Occurrence of sex differences in the establishment of DNAR orders after resuscitation from in‐hospital cardiac arrest is unknown. Whether differences in
DNAR
use by sex lead to disparities in survival remains unclear.

Methods and Results

We identified 71 820 patients with return of spontaneous circulation (
ROSC
) after in‐hospital cardiac arrest from the Get With The Guidelines–Resuscitation registry. Multivariable models evaluated the association between de novo
DNAR
(anytime after
ROSC
, within 12 hours of
ROSC
, or within 72 hours of
ROSC
) by sex and the association between sex and survival to discharge accounting for
DNAR
. All models accounted for clustering of patients within hospital and adjusted for demographic and cardiac arrest characteristics. The cohort included 30 454 (42.4%) women, who were slightly more likely than male participants to establish
DNAR
orders anytime after
ROSC
(45.0% versus 43.5%; adjusted relative risk: 1.15 [95%
CI
, 1.10–1.20];
P
<0.0001). Of those with DNAR orders, women were more likely to be
DNAR
status within the first 12 hours (51.8% versus 46.5%; adjusted relative risk: 1.40 [95% CI, 1.30–1.52];
P
<0.0001) and within 72 hours after
ROSC
(75.9% versus 70.9%; adjusted relative risk: 1.35 [95% CI, 1.26–1.45];
P
<0.0001). However, no difference in survival to hospital discharge between women and men (34.5% versus 36.7%; adjusted relative risk: 1.00 [95%
CI
, 0.99–1.02];
P
=0.74) was appreciated.

Conclusions

In patients successfully resuscitated from in‐hospital cardiac arrest, there was no survival difference between men and women while accounting for
DNAR
. However, women had a higher rate of
DNAR
status early after resuscitation (<12 and <72 hours) in comparison to men.
Duration of Elevated Heart Rate Is an Important Predictor of Exercise‐Induced Troponin Elevation
Authors: Bjørkavoll‐Bergseth Magnus , Kleiven Øyunn , Auestad Bjørn , Eftestøl Trygve , Oskal Kay , Nygård Martin , Skadberg Øyvind , Aakre Kristin Moberg , Melberg Tor , Gjesdal Knut , Ørn Stein 
Published: February 2020

Background

The precise mechanisms causing cardiac troponin (
cT
n) increase after exercise remain to be determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of heart rate (HR) on exercise‐induced
cT
n increase by using sports watch data from a large bicycle competition.

Methods and Results

Participants were recruited from NEEDED (North Sea Race Endurance Exercise Study). All completed a 91‐km recreational mountain bike race (North Sea Race). Clinical status,
ECG
, blood pressure, and blood samples were obtained 24 hours before and 3 and 24 hours after the race. Participants (n=177) were, on average, 44 years old; 31 (18%) were women. Both
cTnI
and
cTnT
increased in all individuals, reaching the highest level (of the 3 time points assessed) at 3 hours after the race (
P
<0.001). In multiple regression models, the duration of exercise with an
HR
>150 beats per minute was a significant predictor of both
cTnI
and
cTnT
, at both 3 and 24 hours after exercise. Neither mean
HR
nor mean
HR
in percentage of maximum
HR
was a significant predictor of the
cT
n response at 3 and 24 hours after exercise.

Conclusions

The duration of elevated
HR
is an important predictor of physiological exercise‐induced
cT
n elevation.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02166216.
Efficacy and Safety of High Potent P2Y
12
Inhibitors Prasugrel and Ticagrelor in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease Treated With Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Sex‐Specific Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Schreuder Michelle M. , Badal Ricardo , Boersma Eric , Kavousi Maryam , Roos‐Hesselink Jolien , Versmissen Jorie , Visser Loes E. , Roeters van Lennep Jeanine E. 
Published: February 2020

Background

Sex differences in efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy remain uncertain because of the underrepresentation of women in cardiovascular trials. The aim of this study was to perform a sex‐specific analysis of the pooled efficacy and safety data of clinical trials comparing a high potent P2Y
12
inhibitor+aspirin with clopidogrel+aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Methods and Results

A systematic literature search was performed. Randomized clinical trials that compared patients following percutaneous coronary intervention/acute coronary syndrome who were taking high potent P2Y
12
inhibitors+aspirin versus clopidogrel+aspirin were selected. Random effects estimates were calculated and relative risks with 95%
CIs
on efficacy and safety end points were determined per sex. We included 6 randomized clinical trials comparing prasugrel/ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in 43 990 patients (13 030 women), with a median follow‐up time of 1.06 years. Women and men had similar relative risk (RR) reduction for major cardiovascular events (women:
RR
, 0.89 [95%
CI
, 0.80–1.00; men:
RR
, 0.84 [95%
CI
, 0.79–0.91) (
P
for interaction=0.39). Regarding safety, women and men had similar risk of major bleeding by high‐potency dual antiplatelet therapy (
RR
, 1.18 [95%
CI
, 0.98–1.41] versus
RR
, 1.03 [95%
CI
, 0.93–1.14]) (
P
for interaction=0.20).

Conclusions
The small and statistically insignificant difference in efficacy and safety estimates of high‐potency dual antiplatelet therapy between women and men following percutaneous coronary intervention/acute coronary syndrome do not justify differential dual antiplatelet therapy treatment for both sexes.