bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Membaca Materialitas Ilmu Berdasarkan Filsafat Teknologi Don Ihde
Authors: Hartanto Budi 
Published: November 2020

Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas relevansi teknologi dalam diskursus filsafat ilmu. Saya merujuk pada fenomenologi instrumentasi Don Ihde yang berfokus pada pemikiran tentang intensionalitas instrumental. Instrumen bersifat non-netral yang menentukan bagaimana kita menggapai pengetahuan. Menurut Ihde, ilmu menubuh dengan teknologi. Ia berargumen filsafat ilmu mesti mempertimbangkan pentingnya praksis dan instrumentasi alih-alih teoritisasi. Selain itu akan dibahas problem persepsi dalam ilmu dengan berpijak pada pemikiran Ihde tentang hermeneutika material. Dengan hermeneutika ini, kita menyadari bahwa materialitas ilmu bersifat reduktif terhadap kompleksitas dunia inderawi dan bahwa pengetahuan meluas melampaui daya persepsi. Dari problem persepsi dalam ilmu, saya akan menjelaskan hermeneutika instrumen keilmuan sebagai moda pembacaan materialitas ilmu yang meliputi konstruksi teknologis instrumen. Instrumen dijelaskan sebagai bagian integral dari fakta dalam ilmu. Pada bagian akhir akan dibahas realisme fenomenologis ruangsiber dimana instrumen terintegrasi ke dalam ruangsiber.
Kata-kata Kunci: Pascafenomenologi, intensionalitas, teknologi, mediasi instrumental, hermeneutika, ruangsiber.

Abstract: This article elucidates the relevance of technology in the discourse of philosophy of science. I refer to Don Ihde’s phenomenology of instrumentation that focuses on the idea of instrumental intentionalities. Instrument is defined as non-neutral that determines how we obtain knowledge. According to Ihde, philosophy of science must consider the importance of praxis and instrumentation instead of theoritization. In addition, I will also address the problem of perception in science, realizing that reality tends to be reduced in the materiality of scientific knowledge and that our knowledge always expands beyond sense-perception. From this problem of perception, I elaborate a hermeneutics of scientific instrument based on Ihde’s material hermeneutics. In this hermeneutics, the materiality of scientific knowledge is read through technological construction instrument. Here instrument is categorized as an integral part of scientific fact. I will conclude by describing a phenomenological realism of cyberspace where instrument is integrated into cyberspace.
Keywords: Postphenomenology, intentionality, technology, instrumental mediation, hermeneutics, cyberspace.
La naissance de la paléoclimatologie
Authors: Foucault Alain 
Published: November 2020

C'est dans une vallée suisse qu'est née la paléoclimatologie. À cette naissance, on associe généralement le nom du célèbre naturaliste et paléontologue Louis Agassiz. Il a été certes le promoteur de cette science, mais a bénéficié d'une chaîne d'observations effectuées successivement par un paysan, Jean Pierre Perraudin, un ingénieur, Ignace Venetz, et un géologue, Jean de Charpentier, qui en est le vrai père.
Paleoclimatology was born in a Swiss valley. This birth is usually associated with the name of the famous naturalist and paleontologist Louis Agassiz. He was certainly the promoter of this science, but benefited from a chain of observations made successively by a peasant, Jean Pierre Perraudin, an engineer, Ignace Venetz, and a geologist, Jean de Charpentier, who is the real father of it.
Splenectomy as treatment of noncirrhotic gastric variceal bleeding after failure of endoscopic management
Authors: Delgado Maroto A , Diéguez Castillo C , Lendínez Romero I 
Published: November 2020

Resumen

El sangrado de varices gástricas por hipertensión portal izquierda es una complicación infrecuente, grave y de difícil control. Exponemos el caso de un paciente con sangrado de varices gástricas secundarias a la trombosis de la vena esplénica por pancreatitis aguda grave tratado de forma exitosa mediante esplenectomía urgente.
GEOMARKETING UNA OPORTUNIDAD PARA LA ANALíTICA EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Rodrí­guez Martí­nez Jerges Felipe 
Published: November 2020

El presente documento pretende proporcionar un acercamiento conceptual y una reflexión sobre el concepto de Geomarketing haciendo énfasis y referencia en los dos principales campos de conocimiento que le componen, así­ como las ciencias que le complementan para dar respuesta sobre su participación cientí­fica y social. Dicho interés por exponer un concepto claro y actualizado, en esencia es para explicar sus principales campos de aplicación y las oportunidades que ofrece en la actualidad con relación a los avances tecnológicos de los últimos 20 años.
Palabras claves: Geomarketing, Geografí­a, Marketing, SIG, Tecnologí­a.
Abstract:
This document aims to provide a conceptual approach and a reflection on the concept of Geomarketing, emphasizing and referring to the two main fields of knowledge that compose it, as well as the sciences that complement it to respond to its scientific and social participation. This interest in presenting a clear and updated concept is essentially to explain its main fields of application and the opportunities it offers today in relation to the technological advances of the last 20 years.

Key words: Geomarketing, Geography, Marketing, GIS, Technology.
Scatter Analysis along the Multidimensional Radius–Luminosity Relations for Reverberation-mapped Mg ii Sources
Authors: Martínez–Aldama Mary Loli , Zajaček Michal , Czerny Bożena , Panda Swayamtrupta 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The usage of the radius–luminosity (R–L) relation for the determination of black hole masses across the cosmic history, as well as its application for cosmological studies, motivates us to analyze its scatter, which has recently increased significantly for both the optical (Hβ) and UV (Mg ii) lines. To this purpose, we determined the scatter along the R–L relation for an up-to-date reverberation-mapped Mg ii sample. Studying linear combinations of the luminosity at 3000 Å with independent parameters such as the FWHM, the UV Fe ii strength (R
Fe ii
), and the fractional variability (F
var) for the whole sample, we get only a small decrease in the scatter (

dex). Linear combinations with the dimensionless accretion rate (

) and the Eddington ratio lead to significant reductions of the scatter (

dex), albeit both suffering from the interdependency on the observed time delay. After the division into two subsamples considering the median value of the

in the full sample, we find that the scatter decreases significantly for the highly accreting subsample. In particular, the smallest scatter of

dex is associated with the independent parameter R
Fe ii
, followed by the combination with F
var with

dex. Both of these independent observationally inferred parameters are in turn correlated with

and

. These results suggest that the large scatter along the R–L relation is driven mainly by the accretion rate intensity.
Accretion History of AGNs. III. Radiative Efficiency and AGN Contribution to Reionization
Authors: Ananna Tonima Tasnim , Urry C. Megan , Treister Ezequiel , Hickox Ryan C. , Shankar Francesco , Ricci Claudio , Cappelluti Nico , Marchesi Stefano , Turner Tracey Jane 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The cosmic history of supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth is important for understanding galaxy evolution, reionization, and the physics of accretion. Recent NuSTAR, Swift-BAT, and Chandra hard X-ray surveys have provided new constraints on the space density of heavily obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Using the new X-ray luminosity function derived from these data, we here estimate the accretion efficiency of SMBHs and their contribution to reionization. We calculate the total ionizing radiation from AGNs as a function of redshift, based on the X radiation and distribution of obscuring column density, converted to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths. Limiting the luminosity function to unobscured AGNs only, our results agree with current UV luminosity functions of unobscured AGNs. For realistic assumptions about the escape fraction, the contribution of all AGNs to cosmic reionization is ∼4 times lower than the galaxy contribution (23% at z ∼ 6). Our results also offer an observationally constrained prescription that can be used in simulations or models of galaxy evolution. To estimate the average efficiency with which SMBHs convert mass to light, we compare the total radiated energy, converted from X-ray light using a bolometric correction, with the most recent local black hole mass density. The most likely value, η ∼ 0.3–0.34, approaches the theoretical limit for a maximally rotating Kerr black hole, η = 0.42, implying that on average growing SMBHs are spinning rapidly.
Electron Acceleration Rate at Dipolarization Fronts
Authors: Ma Wenqing , Zhou Meng , Zhong Zhihong , Deng Xiaohua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Although it has been shown that betatron and Fermi mechanisms contribute to electron acceleration at the dipolarization front (DF), the relative efficiency of these acceleration processes is unclear. In this paper, we directly calculate the electron adiabatic acceleration rate (the instantaneous acceleration) at DFs by using the data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. We find that betatron acceleration dominates at the DF. Although the Fermi acceleration rate is smaller than the betatron acceleration rate, it is effective on a larger spatial scale than betatron acceleration, which is localized at the DF proper. The acceleration by the parallel electric field is negligible because it is far below the measurement uncertainties. The dependence of these acceleration rates on the DF normal, magnetic field, and thickness of the DF are analyzed. Our results provide important information for understanding the electron acceleration in the Earth's magnetotail.
Simulations of the Early Postbounce Phase of Core-collapse Supernovae in Three-dimensional Space with Full Boltzmann Neutrino Transport
Authors: Iwakami Wakana , Okawa Hirotada , Nagakura Hiroki , Harada Akira , Furusawa Shun , Sumiyoshi Kosuke , Matsufuru Hideo , Yamada Shoichi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We report on the core-collapse supernova simulation we conducted for a 11.2M
⊙ progenitor model in three-dimensional space up to 20 ms after bounce, using a radiation-hydrodynamics code with full Boltzmann neutrino transport. We solve the six-dimensional Boltzmann equations for three neutrino species and the three-dimensional compressible Euler equations with Furusawa and Togashi's nuclear equation of state. We focus on the prompt convection at ∼10 ms after bounce and investigate how neutrinos are transported in the convective matter. We apply a new analysis based on the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Eddington tensor and make a comparison between the Boltzmann transport results and the M1 closure approximation in the transition regime between the optically thick and thin limits. We visualize the eigenvalues and eigenvectors using an ellipsoid, in which each principal axis is parallel to one of the eigenvectors and has a length proportional to the corresponding eigenvalue. This approach enables us to understand the difference between the Eddington tensor derived directly from the Boltzmann simulation and the one given by the M1 prescription from a new perspective. We find that the longest principal axis of the ellipsoid is almost always nearly parallel to the energy flux in the M1 closure approximation, whereas in the Boltzmann simulation it becomes perpendicular in some transition regions, where the mean free path is ∼0.1 times the radius. In three spatial dimensions, the convective motions make it difficult to predict where this happens and to possibly improve the closure relation there.
Bombus (Pyrobombus) johanseni Sladen, 1919, a valid North American bumble bee species, with a new synonymy and comparisons to other “red-banded” bumble bee species in North America (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombini)
Authors: Sheffield Cory S. , Oram Ryan , Heron Jennifer M. 
Published: November 2020

The bumble bee (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombini, Bombus Latreille) fauna of the Nearctic and Palearctic regions are considered well known, with a few species occurring in both regions (i.e., with a Holarctic distribution), but much of the Arctic, especially in North America, remains undersampled or unsurveyed. Several bumble bee taxa have been described from northern North America, these considered either valid species or placed into synonymy with other taxa. However, some of these synonymies were made under the assumption of variable hair colour only, without detailed examination of other morphological characters (e.g., male genitalia, hidden sterna), and without the aid of molecular data. Recently, Bombus interacti Martinet, Brasero &amp; Rasmont, 2019 was described from Alaska where it is considered endemic; based on both morphological and molecular data, it was considered a taxon distinct from B. lapponicus (Fabricius, 1793). Bombus interacti was also considered distinct from B. gelidus Cresson, 1878, a taxon from Alaska surmised to be a melanistic form of B. lapponicus sylvicola Kirby, 1837, the North American subspecies (Martinet et al. 2019). Unfortunately, Martinet et al. (2019) did not have DNA barcode sequences (COI) for females of B. interacti, but molecular data for a melanistic female specimen matching the DNA barcode sequence of the holotype of B. interacti have been available in the Barcodes of Life Data System (BOLD) since 2011. Since then, additional specimens have been obtained from across northern North America. Also unfortunate was that B. sylvicola var. johanseni Sladen, 1919, another melanistic taxon described from far northern Canada, was not considered.
Bombus johanseni is here recognized as a distinct taxon from B. lapponicus sylvicola Kirby, 1837 (sensuMartinet et al. 2019) in the Nearctic region, showing the closest affinity to B. glacialis Friese, 1902 of the Old World. As the holotype male of B. interacti is genetically identical to material identified here as B. johanseni, it is placed into synonymy. Thus, we consider B. johanseni a widespread species occurring across arctic and subarctic North America in which most females are dark, with rarer pale forms (i.e., “interacti”) occurring in and seemingly restricted to Alaska. In addition to B. johanseni showing molecular affinities to B. glacialis of the Old World, both taxa also inhabit similar habitats in the arctic areas of both Nearctic and Palearctic, respectively. It is also likely that many of the specimens identified as B. lapponicus sylvicola from far northern Canada and Alaska might actually be B. johanseni, so that should be considered for future studies of taxonomy, distribution, and conservation assessment of North American bumble bees.
Le financement externe des sociétés non financières depuis la déréglementation financière de 1984
Authors: Boutillier Michel , Sicsic Pierre 
Published: November 2020

A la veille des années 1980, le financement des entreprises françaises est assuré par un recours important à la dette au travers des banques et de nombreuses institutions financières spécialisées, segmentées et cloisonnées. Au cours la décennie suivante, des réformes sont engagées pour sortir de cette « économie de financements administrés ». Après avoir présenté les propositions de réformes du début des années 1980, cet article analyse l'évolution du financement et du gouvernement des entreprises non financières qui recourent davantage aux marchés financiers. Toutefois il apparaît que les mutations des structures de financement ont été plus modestes qu’envisagé. Classification JEL : G21, G28, G30, G32, G38.
Le retour des déficits jumeaux américains
Authors: Dupuy Michel , Lacueille Sylvie 
Published: November 2020

En adoptant à la fin de 2017 une politique budgétaire expansionniste, les États-Unis ont renoué avec les déficits jumeaux (budgétaire et courant). En 2019, le déficit du budget fédéral devrait atteindre 5 % du PIB, tandis que le déficit courant devrait s'établir à près de 3 % du PIB. Après avoir établi l'existence d'une relation positive de long terme entre le déficit budgétaire et le déficit courant aux États-Unis, cet article met en exergue les spécificités des déficits jumeaux actuels. Ces déficits se différencient en effet des déficits passés, tout d'abord, par le contexte d'apparition des déficits et ensuite par leur financement. Alors que les déficits jumeaux précédents sont apparus dans une économie américaine en sous-emploi, l'épisode actuel de double déficit est survenu dans un contexte de plein-emploi. Par ailleurs, les sources de financement des déficits jumeaux proviennent aujourd'hui pour l'essentiel d'investisseurs privés non résidents, alors que jusqu'en 2014, c'étaient les banques centrales non américaines qui, en plaçant leurs réserves de change en Treasuries , assuraient le plus gros du financement de ces déficits. En l'absence de concurrents sérieux du dollar comme monnaie de réserve internationale, les déficits jumeaux américains sont aujourd'hui financés sans difficulté. Cette situation pourrait cependant ne pas durer. L'augmentation de la dette externe américaine pourrait en effet conduire, à terme, à une augmentation des taux longs et/ou à une dépréciation du dollar. Classification JEL : E62, F31, F32, H62.
Assessing Healthcare Workers’ Knowledge, Emotions and Perceived Institutional Preparedness about Covid-19 Pandemic at Saudi Hospitals in the Early Phase of the Pandemic
Authors: Alreshidi Nashi Masnad , Haridi Hassan Kasim , Alaseeri Rana , Garcia Michelle , Gaspar Fe , Alrashidi Laila 
Published: November 2020

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic extended to reach most countries in the globe during few months. Preparedness of healthcare institutions and healthcare workers (HCWs) are crucial for applying effective prevention and control measures. This study aimed to assess HCWs knowledge, emotions and perception of preparedness of their institutions towards COVID-19 pandemic. Design A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted among hospital HCWs in Saudi Arabia during April 27, 2020 to May 03, 2020. Results Overall, 1004 completed responses were received. The majority were females (78.8), nurses (84.9%) at middle age 25-39 years (71.8%). Among participants, 95.5% reported receiving training on safely use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and 94.9% did fit the test for N95 respirator. The participants possessed a fair knowledge about COVID-19 disease with a mean knowledge score 6. 61±1.35 points on a scale of 10 points. Most participants (88.7%) were committed to continue work as a professional and ethical duty, however, 27.1% of them scored high on a negative emotional impact scale. Participants appreciated most aspects of institutional preparedness for COVID-19 pandemic; however, they were concerned with the continuous PPE supply. Factors that independently associated with good knowledge and negative emotional response were determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions Findings revealed fair knowledge about COVID-19 pandemic among HCWs in Saudi hospitals. Concerns and worries were expressed regard working with the highly infectious COVID-19 patients. Participants, appreciated most aspects of institutional preparedness, however they were concerned about the continuous availability and supply of PPE.
In vitro efficacy of Daptomycin against clinical isolates of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Asim Ali Shah  , Shahid Ahmad Abbasi  , Yasir Ali  , Ayesha Maqbool  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the Department of Microbiology, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, from March 2019 to September 2019 to determine the in vitro efficacy of Daptomycin against clinical isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Consecutive non-probability sampling technique was used and a total number of 270 patients’ Pan Cultures having MRSA growth on Cefoxatin Disc with size less than 22 mm zone size were included in the study. Cultures were inoculated on MacConkey, Chocolate and Blood agar and then incubated for 24 hours at 37 degree Celsius. After incubation, Coagulase test, Catalase test and Gram staining technique were used for further identification. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the isolates for Daptomycin was obtained by using E strips (Oxoid UK) according to Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Continuous...
Antibacterial Activity of Lupinifolin from Derris reticulata and Its Effect on Cytoplasmic Membrane of Methicillin Resistant
Authors: YUSOOK Kamol , PANVONGSA Pettaya 
Published: November 2020

Lupinifolin from Derris reticulata Craib. was extracted with hexane by Soxhlet extractor and purified by crystallization. The yellow needle-shaped lupinifolin crystals were identified and confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The lupinifolin showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 8 and 16 µg/ml against Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), respectively. The flow cytometry (FCM) was performed to determine the alteration of cytoplasmic membrane (CM) permeability of MRSA by using Propidium iodide (PI) 5 µg/ml as an indicator for bacterial membrane integrity. It was found that the bacterial CM permeability was effected by lupinifolin with the MIC of 8 µg/ml comparable to the control when investigated by Propidium iodide intensity. Additionally, DNA laddering assay was carried out to evaluate apoptosis in bacterial cells. It was shown that the lupinifolin has no effect on DNA fragmentation.
Quality Assessment Criteria for Mobile Health Apps: A Systematic Review
Authors: HONGSANUN Wilasinee , INSUK Suppachai 
Published: November 2020

Summative evidences on the criteria for user assessment of health apps are still limited. In order to determine an assessment method for mobile health apps, rigorous and appropriate criteria must be chosen. The aim of this study is to review the existing quality assessment criteria that are being used to assess the quality of mobile health apps focusing on users’ perspectives. In addition, a procedure for the quality assessment of health apps is also presented.
A systematic review was conducted utilizing 5 databases; PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, CENTRAL and IEEE Xplore from 2008 to 2017. Search terms were; “mHealth”, “Applications”, “iOS OR Android”, “smartphones”, “quality”, etc. Papers that assessed the quality of health apps by users were selected. The PRISMA guideline was followed to complete the list of final studies. Likewise, a data extraction form was based on the PICO framework. From 6,514 studies, 69 studies met the eligibility criteria. Four hundred and forty-one quality assessment criteria for users were classified into 15 domains: Ease of use, Usability, Aesthetics, Connectivity, Functionality, Information, User satisfaction, Acceptability, Error occurrence, Motivation, Engagement, Data management, Undesirable events, Credentials and Security and privacy. An “ease of use” domain was found common in the included studies. The 15 domains were suggested as criteria for further study of the quality assessment and development of mHealth apps. Moreover, five recommended steps were presented for future research of quality of mobile health apps.