bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mangrovibacterium lignilyticum sp. nov., a facultatively anaerobic lignin-degrading bacterium isolated from mangrove sediment
Authors: Sun Chao , Zeng Xiang , Lai Qiliang , Wang Zhaoshou , Shao Zongze 
Published: July 2020

An alkali lignin-degrading, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated BM_7T, was isolated from mangrove sediment of the supralittoral zone in the Jiulong river estuary, PR China. The cells of strain BM_7T were 0.4–0.6 µm wide and 1.0–8.5 µm long. Oxidase and catalase activities were positive. Strain BM_7T could grow at 10–37 °C (optimum, 25–28 °C), at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0.5–6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2%). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BM_7T belonged to the genus

Mangrovibacterium

of the family

Prolixibacteraceae

. It showed the highest similarity to

Mangrovibacterium diazotrophicum

JCM 19152T (96.8 %), followed by

Mangrovibacterium marinum

KCTC 42253T (96.1%). The values of average nucleotide identity and DNA–DNA hybridization were calculated as 76.9, 24.3 and 76.1, 17.4 % between strain BM_7T with

M. diazotrophicum

JCM 19152T and

M. marinum

KCTC 42253T, respectively. The major respiratory quinone of strain BM_7T was MK-7. The polar lipids were detected as phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified aminolipids. The dominant fatty acids consisted of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C15 : 1
ω6c, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C17 : 1
ω6c, C17 : 0 3-OH and C17 : 0. The genome size of strain BM_7T is 5.6 Mb, with G+C content of 43.4 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain BM_7T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus

Mangrovibacterium

, and the name Mangrovibacterium lignilyticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BM_7T (=MCCC 1A15882T=KCTC 72696T).
Inkjet based 3D Printing of bespoke medical devices that resist bacterial biofilm formation
Authors: He Yinfeng , Begines Belen , Luckett Jeni , Dubern Jean-Frédéric , Hook Andrew L. , Prina Elisabetta , Rose Felicity R.A.J. , Tuck Christopher J. , Hague Richard J.M. , Irvine Derek J. , Williams Paul , Alexander Morgan R. , Wildman Ricky D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate the formulation of advanced functional 3D printing inks that prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms in vivo. Starting from polymer libraries, we show that a biofilm resistant object can be 3D printed with the potential for shape and cell instructive function to be selected independently. When tested in vivo, the candidate materials not only resisted bacterial attachment but drove the recruitment of host defences in order to clear infection. To exemplify our approach, we manufacture a finger prosthetic and demonstrate that it resists biofilm formation – a cell instructive function that can prevent the development of infection during surgical implantation. More widely, cell instructive behaviours can be ‘dialled up’ from available libraries and may include in the future such diverse functions as the modulation of immune response and the direction of stem cell fate.
Non-Adherence Tree Analysis (NATA) - an adherence improvement framework: a COVID-19 case study
Authors: Edifor Ernest , Brown Regina , Smith Paul , Kossik Rick 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPoor adherence to medication is a global phenomenon that has received a significant amount of research attention yet remains largely unsolved. Medication non-adherence can blur drug efficacy results in clinical trials, lead to substantial financial losses, increase the risk of relapse and hospitalisation, or lead to death. The most common methods measuring adherence are post-treatment measures; that is, adherence is usually measured after the treatment has begun. What the authors are proposing in this multidisciplinary study is a technique for analysing the factors that can cause non-adherence before or during medication treatment.Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), allows system analysts to determine how combinations of simple faults of a system can propagate to cause a total system failure. Monte Carlo simulation is a mathematical algorithm that depends heavily on repeated random sampling to predict the behaviour of a system. In this study, the authors propose the use of Non-Adherence Tree Analysis (NATA), based on the FTA and Monte Carlo simulation techniques, to improve adherence. Firstly, the non-adherence factors of a medication treatment lifecycle are translated into what is referred to as a Non-Adherence Tree (NAT). Secondly, the NAT is coded into a format that is translated into the GoldSim software for performing dynamic system modelling and analysis using Monte Carlo. Finally, the GoldSim model is simulated and analysed to predict the behaviour of the NAT.This study produces a framework for improving adherence by analysing social and non-social adherence barriers. The results reveal that the biggest factor that could contribute to non-adherence to a COVID-19 treatment is a therapy-related factor (the side effects of the medication). This is closely followed by a condition-related factor (asymptomatic nature of the disease) then patient-related factors (forgetfulness and other causes). With this information, clinicians can implement relevant measures and allocate resources appropriately to minimise non-adherence.
Do Men and Women “Lockdown” Differently? An Examination of Panama’s COVID-19 Sex-Segregated Social Distancing Policy
Authors: Woskie Liana R. , Wenham Clare 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTMobility enables individuals to generate income and is a key input for empowerment and personal autonomy. Curtailment of aggregate social mobility - through policies such as: social distancing recommendations, shelter in place orders and state-enforced lockdowns - has become a primary strategy to address COVID-19 to limit social contact and reduce disease transmission. In this context, a small number of countries have instituted gender or sex-segregated mobility policies (Panama, Peru, and Bogota, Colombia). Through a retrospective analysis of global geographic positioning (GPS) data, this study presents an overview of aggregate mobility in Panama following the country’s implementation of a sex-segregated social distancing policy. Panama was selected as the nationwide sex-segregated policy was enforced throughout the lockdown period. The paper looks at mobility trends on female- and male-sex mobility days, examining differences by volume of movement and type of community locations visited as compared to pre-COVID trends. We find lower visits to all community location categories on female-mobility days. However, we found no significant difference in visits to “workplace” locations on male- v. female-mobility days. The paper discusses the implications of these findings in three areas: (1) Informal burden of labor and social reproduction, (2) Implications for women’s autonomy and safety in the home, and (3) Women’s economic empowerment. In addition, it raises open ethical questions regarding gender identity in COVID-19 policies.
Related Topics of a Novel TCR-based Cancer Detection Approach
Authors: Beshnova Daria , Li Bo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe developed a novel algorithm (DeepCAT) to perform de novo detection of cancer associated TCRs, which is based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. In this manuscript, we compared its performance with a similar non-deep learning approach, TCRboost, and demonstrated that DeepCAT achieved better prediction accuracy when used to distinguish cancer from non-cancer individuals. Further, although DeepCAT was trained for CDR3s with different lengths, we showed that the combined outcome does not bias the prediction accuracy. Finally, human immune repertoire is affected by many common inflammatory conditions, and our analysis demonstrated that DeepCAT predictions are minimally affected by these factors.
Genome-wide association, Mendelian Randomization and polygenic risk score studies converge on a role of β−amyloid and APOE locus in Parkinson disease
Authors: Ibanez Laura , Bahena Jorge A. , Yang Chengran , Dube Umber , Farias Fabiana G. , Budde John P. , Bergmann Kristy , Brenner-Webster Carol , Morris John C. , Perrin Richard J. , Cairns Nigel , O’Donnell John , Álvarez Ignacio , Diez-Fairen Monica , Aguilar Miquel , Miller Rebecca , Davis Albert A. , Pastor Pau , Kotzbauer Paul , Campbell Meghan C. , Perlmutter Joel S. , Rhinn Herve , Harari Oscar , Cruchaga Carlos , Benitez Bruno A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) is the main protein component of Lewy bodies (LB), the pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of α-Syn are not currently used as a clinical biomarker but may be a proxy for pathological α-Syn accumulation in the brain. Therefore, identifying genetic modifiers of CSF α-Syn levels could provide insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to PD. However, genetic modifiers of CSF α-Syn levels remain unknown. CSF levels of amyloid beta1-42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181) are standard biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD); its use as quantitative traits in genetic studies have provided novel insights into AD pathophysiology. A systematic study of the genomic architecture of CSF biomarkers in PD has not been conducted. Here, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed using CSF biomarker levels as quantitative traits in four PD cases and control cohorts (combined N=1,960). CSF biomarker (α-Syn, Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau181) levels were significantly lower in PD cases compared with controls. An SNP, proxy for APOE ε4, was associated with CSF Aβ42 levels (effect=-0.5, p=9.2×10−19). Several genome-wide suggestive loci associated with CSF α-Syn, t-tau, or p-tau181 were found. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were constructed using the latest PD risk meta-analysis (49,731 PD cases and 784,343 controls) and the largest CSF biomarkers GWAS (N=3,146). PRS calculated using META-PD were associated with PD status in the four cohorts included in the present study (p= 2.2×10−16). A highly significant correlation (Nagelkerke pseudo-R2 =2.29%; p=2.5×10−11) of the genomic architecture between CSF Aβ42 and PD risk was also found. Higher PRS scores were associated with lower CSF Aβ42 levels (p=7.3×10−04). Two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach revealed that CSF Aβ42 plays a role in PD risk (p=1.4×10−05) and age at onset (p=7.6×10−06), an effect mainly mediated by variants in the APOE locus. Subsequently, the APOE ε4 allele was associated with significantly lower levels of CSF Aβ42 (p=3.8×10−06), higher mean cortical binding potentials (cortical binding of Pittsburgh compound B PET) (p=5.8×10−08) and higher Braak Aβ score (p=4.4×10−04) in PD participants. Together these results from high-throughput and hypothesis-free approaches (GWAS, PRS and MR) converge on a genetic link between PD with CSF Aβ42 and APOE.
Impact of the first COVID-19 shelter-in-place order in the United States on emergency department utilization, Marin County, California
Authors: Bayles Brett R. , George Michaela F. , Hannah Haylea , Culross Patti , Ereman Rochelle R. , Ballard Dustin W. , Willis Matthew 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe first shelter-in-place (SIP) order in the United States was issued across six counties in the San Francisco Bay Area to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on critical care resources. We sought to assess the impact of this large-scale intervention on emergency departments (ED) in Marin County, California.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective descriptive and trend analysis of all ED visits in Marin County, California from January 1, 2018 to May 4, 2020 to quantify the temporal dynamics of ED utilization before and after the March 17, 2020 SIP order.ResultsThe average number of ED visits per day decreased by 52.3% following the SIP order compared to corresponding time periods in 2018 and 2019. Both respiratory and non-respiratory visits declined, but this negative trend was most pronounced for non-respiratory admissions.ConclusionsThe first SIP order to be issued in the United States in response to COVID-19 was associated with a significant reduction in ED utilization in Marin County.
ARG1 could be expressed by human, but not represent for repair
Authors: Chu Chenyu , Hu Chen , Rung Shengan , Wang Yufei , Qu Yili , Man Yi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractArginase 1 (ARG1), typically expressed under stress or stimulation rather than in the healthy condition in humans. However, more and more studies claim ARG1 could be expressed by human and represents healing process. Including THP-1 monocyte shift to M2 macrophages rendered a higher expression of ARG1 than that with bone-graft has an ideal effect on anti-inflammation, resulting in tissue healing. With the higher expression of ARG1 seemingly induced by the constructed material and represented by the anti-inflammatory situation. For these reasons, this study focuses on whether traditional markers of macrophages could be express by human or not during clinical healing process. Through harvesting bone tissue samples during bone healing process and confirm the expression of markers at transcriptome and protein levels. The results showed the expression of ARG1 relatively low by bulk-RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunofluorescence (IF) and flow cytometry or could not be detected during process of healing of healthy donor. Taken together, results indicate that the ARG1 is not chosen for a regenerative marker in human bone tissue.
To group or not to group: Effect of prolonged exposure to predation and resource availability on the shoaling behaviour of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Majeed Nawaf Abdul , Cyriac Vivek Philip , Kodandaramaiah Ullasa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIndividuals of many species live in groups to obtain anti-predatory advantages, foraging benefits and for social reasons. Living in large groups can reduce predation, but as group size increases, competition for resources also increases. The trade-off between the advantages of group living for an individual and competition caused by it can determine group dynamics, and this trade-off can vary with environmental conditions. Shoaling behaviour, the tendency of fish to form groups, is shown to be affected by factors such as resource availability, presence of predators and conspecifics. Although studies indicate that both predation and starvation pressure in an environment can determine whether fish choose to shoal or not, whether prolonged exposure to such conditions influences shoaling behaviour remains little explored. Here, we test how predation pressure and resource availability may interactively shape the shoaling behaviour of zebrafish (Danio rerio) when exposed to combinations of these pressures over a two-week period. We find that shoal size increases with predation and decreases with starvation, and that greater predation pressure increases shoaling tendencies even under reduced food availability. Overall, we show that prolonged exposure to varying predation pressure and resource availability can together influence shoaling tendencies of fish even when such pressures are relaxed.Significant statementIn group living species, group structure and dynamics depend on various intrinsic factors and environmental stressors. Shoaling behaviour in fish, where individuals aggregate to form groups, is shown to be altered with environmental factors such as predation and resource availability. Although studies have examined the effects of these cues on shoaling behaviour, the ecological circumstances experienced by fish could also influence shoaling tendencies. We here show that shoaling behaviour is also shaped by previous experience of fish to predation and food resource availability. We check how shoaling behaviour varies with differences in predation pressure and resource availability after prolonged exposure to these conditions by measuring the shoal size and shoal cohesion in zebrafish. This study illuminates how shoaling tendencies of individuals shaped by the environmental conditions persist even when these environmental pressures are removed.
Structural insights into the Ca2+-dependent gating of the human mitochondrial calcium uniporter
Authors: Wang Yan , Han Yan , She Ji , Nguyen Nam X. , Mootha Vamsi K. , Bai Xiao-chen , Jiang Youxing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMitochondrial Ca2+uptake plays an important role in cellular physiology such as modulating ATP production, regulating cytoplasmic Ca2+dynamics, and triggering cell death, and is mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, a highly selective calcium channel localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane. In humans, the uniporter functions as a holocomplex consisting of MCU, EMRE, MICU1 and MICU2, among which MCU and EMRE form a subcomplex and function as the conductive channel while MICU1 and MICU2 are EF-hand proteins that regulate the channel activity in a Ca2+dependent manner. Here we present the EM structures of the human mitochondrial calcium uniporter holocomplex (uniplex) in the presence and absence of Ca2+, revealing distinct Ca2+dependent assembly of the uniplex. In the presence of Ca2+, MICU1 and MICU2 form a heterotetramer of MICU1-(MICU2)2-MICU1 and bridge the dimeric form of the MCU-EMRE subcomplex through electrostatic interactions between MICU1 and EMRE, leaving the MCU channel pore unblocked. In the absence of Ca2+, multiple uniplex assemblies are observed but is predominantly occupied by the MICU1 subunit from a MICU1-MICU2 heterodimer blocking the MCU channel pore. Our structural observations suggest that Ca2+changes the dimerization interaction between MICU1 and MICU2, which in turn determines how the MICU1-MICU2 subcomplex interacts with the MCU-EMRE channel and, consequently, changes the distribution of the uniplex assemblies between the blocked and unblocked states.
Modeling of Nano-carriers for Vascular-targeted Delivery for Blood Clots Treatment
Authors: Yahya Ibtihag , Eltayeb Megdi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNanoparticles have become one of the emerging and promising technologies that revolutionized the medical field’s future on which has received much attention from the scientific community and researchers. Nanotechnology-based targeted drug delivery has a high capacity for loading large amounts of anticoagulants drug to dissolve clots in a safe manner without affecting healthy blood vessels. This paper seeks to provide a better understanding of both the anticoagulant drug release process and the coagulation eliminating process by simulating each process using chemical reaction engineering, moving mesh, and convection-diffusion equation modules. This study adds to a growing corpus of research showing that nanotechnology empowers in treating blood clots within 2-4 hours. In addition, these results cast a new light on a better understanding of the anticoagulation drug diffusion from both spheres and multiply-twinned nanoparticles besides the reduction of clots growth and how it dissolved over time.
Landscape and climatic features drive genetic differentiation processes in a South American coastal plant
Authors: Silva-Arias Gustavo A. , Caballero-Villalobos Lina , Giudicelli Giovanna C. , Freitas Loreta B. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT•BackgroundHistorical and ecological processes shape patterns of genetic diversity in plant species. Colonization to new environments and geographical landscape features determine, amongst other factors, genetic diversity within- and differentiation between-populations. We analyse the genetic diversity and population structure ofCalibrachoa heterophyllato infer the influence of abiotic landscape features on the level of gene flow in this coastal species of the South Atlantic Coastal Plain.•ResultsTheC. heterophyllapopulations located on early-deposited coastal plain regions show higher genetic diversity than those closer to the sea. The genetic differentiation follows a pattern of isolation-by-distance. Landscape features, such as water bodies and wind corridors, and geographical distances equally explain the observed genetic differentiation, whereas the precipitation seasonality exhibits a strong signal for isolation-by-environment in marginal populations. The estimated levels of gene flow suggest that marginal populations had restricted immigration rates enhancing differentiation.•ConclusionsTopographical features related to coastal plain deposition history influence population differentiation inC. heterophylla. Gene flow is mainly restricted to nearby populations and facilitated by wind fields, albeit without any apparent influence of large water bodies. Furthermore, differential rainfall regimes in marginal populations seem to promote genetic differentiation.
Association between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers use and the risk of infection and clinical outcome of COVID-19: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qu Guangbo , Shu Liqin , Song Evelyn J. , Verghese Dhiran , Uy John Patrick , Cheng Ce , Zhou Qin , Yang Hongru , Guo Zhichun , Chen Mengshi , Sun Chenyu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of using Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and Angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) on the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a topic of recent debate. Although studies have examined the potential association between them, the results remain controversial. This study aims to determine the true effect of ACEI/ARBs use on the risk of infection and clinical outcome of COVID-19.MethodsFive electronic databases (PubMed, Web of science, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, medRxiv preprint server) were retrieved to find eligible studies. Meta-analysis was performed to examine the association between ACEI/ARBs use and the risk of infection and clinical outcome of COVID-19.Results22 articles containing 157,328 patients were included. Use of ACEI/ARBs was not associated with increased risk of infection (Adjusted OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.91-1.01, I2=5.8%) or increased severity (Adjusted OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.77-1.05, I2=27.6%) of COVID-19. The use of ACEI/ARBs was associated with lower risk of death from COVID-19 (Adjusted OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.44-0.99, I2=57.9%). Similar results of reduced risk of death were also found for ACEI/ARB use in COVID-19 patients with hypertension (Adjusted OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17-0.77, I2=0).ConclusionThis study provides evidence that ACEI/ARBs use for COVID-19 patients does not lead to harmful outcomes and may even provide a beneficial role and decrease mortality from COVID-19. Clinicians should not discontinue ACEI/ARBs for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 if they are already on these agents.