bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Draw your heart disease: a graphic assessment of the knowledge of congenital heart disease of patients and their parents
Authors: García Paula Mariño , Moure Ángeles Fuertes , Bendayán Isaac Martínez , Barreiro Vanesa Balboa , Núñez Fernando Rueda 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients with congenital heart disease are a chronically ill population. Knowledge of the disease is a key factor in promoting an appropriate attitude towards health. The aim of this study is to evaluate the understanding of heart involvement by describing the heart disease and drawing a picture of the heart by patients and parents.
Methods
Descriptive cross-sectional study over an 8-month period in a tertiary pediatric cardiology center, involving 201 parents and 123 patients, of whom 74 were between 8 and 14 years old and 49 were older than 14 years old. A questionnaire was used in which they had to name and describe the disease, and where a blank box was included in which they were asked to draw their congenital heart disease.
Results
68.8% of the patients correctly named their heart disease, however only 32.4% described it adequately and only 3.5% drew a correct picture of it. Divided by age groups, of the patients between 8 and 14 years old 45.9% named their cardiopathy correctly, 28.2% described it adequately and 4.1% drew a correct picture of it. Of those over 14 years of age, 83.6% correctly named their cardiopathy, 26.5% knew how to describe it and only 2% managed to draw it properly. In the group of parents, 79.1% correctly named their child's congenital heart disease, 45.8% described it adequately and only 3.5% drew a correct picture (p value 0.55).
Conclusions
Most parents and patients with congenital heart disease are unaware of fundamental aspects of their heart disease. An effort should be made by the professionals to try to explain congenital heart disease in an illustrative way, in order to achieve a better understanding of the disease and thus optimize the behavior in terms of health.
Some Notable Records of Mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Big Rivers in Indiana
Authors: Jacobus Luke M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) were collected from the Ohio River, White River and Wabash River in Indiana during July and August 2019, with the goals of confirming the continued existence of historic populations of species and discovering previously undocumented populations.Data description: Notable new data for Ephoron album (Say) (Polymitarcyidae), Heptagenia elegantula (Eaton) (Heptageniidae), Pentagenia vittigera (Walsh) (Palingeniidae), and Tortopsis primus (McDunnough) (Polymitarcyidae) are reported.
The Top 100 Most Cited Articles on Bronchoscopy: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: He Boxue , Zhang Pengfei , Shi Shuai , Xie Hui , Zhang Yuqian , Peng Xiong , Zhao Zhenyu , Yin Wei , Cai Qidong , Wang Xiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The applications of bronchoscopy are broad and involve different aspects of diagnosis and treatment. Over the past few decades, an increasing number of studies about bronchoscopy have been published. However, little is known about their qualities and characteristics.Methods: The databases of Web of Science Core Collection, MEDLINE, etc. were utilized to identifying articles published from 1990 to 2020. The top 100 most cited articles about bronchoscopy were selected for analysis of publication time, total citation number, the citation density, time-related flux, first author, geographic origin, research theme, published journals, and network analysis.Results: The selected articles were published mainly in the 2000s and 1990s. Citations per article ranged from 731 to 196. The leading country was the USA, followed by the United Kingdom. The most frequent study themes were bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and biopsy. The network analysis connoted that “BAL, inflammation, diagnosis” had a high degree of centrality in the 1990s, while “diagnosis, BAL, biopsy, prospective” in the 2000s.Conclusions: The time, area, and theme distribution of the 100 most cited articles on bronchoscopy have been thoroughly analyzed. It is noticeable that researches based on BAL and endobronchial or transbronchial biopsies currently plays a major role.
A novel age-structured mosquito model for assessing the mechanisms behind vector control success
Authors: Davis Emma L , Hollingsworth T Déirdre , Keeling Matt J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Vector control is a vital tool utilised by malaria control and elimination programmes worldwide, and as such it is important that we can accurately quantify the expected public health impact of a range of vector control methods. There are very few previous models that consider vector control induced changes in the age-structure of the vector population and the resulting impact this will have on transmission.Methods: The steady-state solution of a novel age-structured deterministic compartmental model describing the mosquito gonotrophic cycle is analytically derived, with the age of each mosquito measured in the number of gonotrophic cycles (or successful blood meals) completed. From this model we derive analytical expressions for key transmission measures, such as the effective reproductive ratio under control, Rc, and investigate the impact of commonly used vector control methods on the age-structure of the vector population.Results: We derive and analyse a novel model with an explicit solution that can be used to directly quantify key transmission statistics and investigate the age-structured impact of vector control. Application of this model confirms current knowledge that adult-acting interventions, such as IRS or LLINs, are highly effective at reducing transmission, particularly in comparison to larvicide usage at the same coverage. We also find that scaling up coverage results in a wider gap in transmission reduction between adult-active and larval-based interventions. For LLINs and IRS the effective reproductive ratio under control, Rc, decreases exponentially with coverage, whereas for larvicides the relationship is linear. We also find that mid-ranges of LLIN coverage see the largest effect of reduced net integrity on transmission.Conclusions: Well-maintained, adult-acting vector control measures are substantially more effective than larval-based action at reducing the transmission potential of the mosquito population, particularly at medium to high coverage levels.
Carbon Stock Variation Along Altitudinal Gradient of Wacho Forest in Hawa Galan District, Kellem Wollega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Gashu Gezahegn , Gidey Gebre , Deressa Sime , Fekansa Zame , Awoke Halid 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Forest ecosystem plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle; as such, mitigating high atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases by naturally taking carbon from the atmosphere through photosynthesis. Verification and accounting of carbon stock in forest ecosystem have been renowned as a potential strategy to reduce and stabilize atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gas. Forest sequesters and store more carbon than any other terrestrial ecosystem and it is an important natural break on climate change. It acts as a carbon reservoir by storing large amount of carbon in trees, undergrowth vegetation, forest floor and soil. Result: The mean carbon stock of each carbon pool was changed along altitudinal class of the study area. The largest mean above and below ground carbon stock was found in the second altitudinal class(1560.01-1643m) followed by first altitudinal class(1435-1560m) and the third altitudinal class (1643.01-1704m) of the study area. The largest mean dead tree and dead wood carbon stock was also stored in the first altitudinal class followed by the third and the second altitudinal class of the study area. The largest mean litter carbon stock was found in the first altitudinal class followed by the second and the third altitudinal class of the study area. The largest mean soil organic carbon was found in the third altitudinal class followed by the second and the first altitudinal class of the study area.Conclusions: The carbon stock variation along altitudinal gradients indicated that, altitude had no a statistically significant effect on any of the carbon pools except litter carbon of the study area at 95% of confidence interval.
A comparative study on effect of different methods of recycling orthodontic brackets on shear bond strength
Authors: Khanal Purna Prasad , Shrestha Basanta Kumar , Yadav Rajiv , Gupta Sanjay Prasad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Recycling the old or debonded bracket is one possible alternative to the replacement with new bracket. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of different methods of recycling stainless steel orthodontic brackets on shear bond strength.Methods: One hundred twenty human premolars extracted for orthodontic purpose were randomly divided into four groups. Standard MBT (0.022”) brackets, (Leone co., Sesto, Florentine, Florence, Italy) were bonded on buccal surface of all samples with light cured adhesive primer Orthosol (Enlight, Ormco corp., USA) using LED curing unit for 10 seconds. Group I was assigned as control and the brackets of Group II, Group III and Group IV were subjected to recycling by flaming (Gas microtorch: RS Pro, Nozzle, MT 790) ,flaming with sandblasting (Bio-Art sandblaster; Rua Teotônio Vilela, Brazil) and flaming with ultrasonic cleaning (Ultrasonic cleaning unit ,Confident dental equipments Ltd, India) respectively. The recycled brackets were rebonded and final debonding of all brackets was done with universal testing machine (AG-IC/100 KN, Shimadzu, Japan) at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min and shear bond strength (MPa) was determined. The adhesive remnant index was evaluated by stereomicroscope at 10X magnification (Olympus corp., Japan). Results: The highest shear bond strength was obtained with Group I (10.35 ± 0.46 MPa), followed by Group III (9.36 ± 0.55 MPa), Group IV (5.97 ± 0.66 MPa) and the least value was obtained with Group II (4.30 ± 0.55 Mpa). Significant differences among the groups were detected by analysis of variance. Tukey post hoc multiple comparison test showed that the shear bond strength of each group was significantly different from one another (p < 0.001). The Chi-square showed statistically significant differences in the adhesive remnant index of the 4 groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Shear bond strength of new brackets was significantly higher than that of the recycled brackets. Among recycled brackets, flaming with sandblasting provided adequate shear bond strength, flaming with ultrasonic cleaning provided borderline value for clinical use while flaming alone led to significantly lower value.
Epigenomic evolution in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells from patients treated with ibrutinib and showing disease progression
Authors: Holmes Katie , Sadreev Ildar , Evans Charlotte , Thomas Fraser , Rawstron Andy , Hillmen Pete , Newton Darren James , Lefevre Pascal 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib provided a breakthrough in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), but cases of resistance are now emerging. Whilst resistance is commonly associated with mutations in BTK itself and the downstream signalling molecule PLCg2, this is not always the case. In a recent study, we have detected some epigenomic plasticity correlated with the dynamics of CLL cell response to ibrutinib. To understand the mechanisms mediating resistance in CLL, it is important to be able to determine whether the observed phenotypic changes are driven solely by resistance cues (e.g. clonal evolution, activation of signalling bypassing BTK inhibition), or if they could also be the consequence of unrelated events.MethodsTo answer to this question, we have monitored chromatin changes happening in response to ibrutinib from the start of treatment until relapse in CLL cells from both a patient carrying a previously identified BTK C481S mutation and from a relapsing patient, for whom none of the classical genetic lesions associated with ibrutinib relapse was detected.ResultsWe established that the epigenome and gene expression in CLL cells from patients on ibrutinib changes with time independently of disease progression and identified two patterns of chromatin alterations, which are independent of resistance mechanisms; one ibrutinib-dependent and the other related to quiescence. Furthermore, by defining the main characteristics of resistance-independent epigenomic plasticity and excluding them from the analysis, we identified candidate genes potentially mediating disease progression.ConclusionThis two-step strategy could fundamentally alter the understanding of resistance to treatment in CLL.
Baseline Well-being, Perceptions of Critical Incidents, and Openness to Debriefing in Community Hospital Emergency Department Clinical Staff Before COVID-19, A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Cantu Laura Ashley , Thomas Listy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Emergency department personnel routinely bear witness to traumatic experiences and critical incidents that can affect their own well-being. Peer support through debriefing has demonstrated positive impacts on clinicians’ well-being following critical incidents. This study explored community hospital emergency department staff’s perceptions of critical incidents, assessed openness to debriefing and measured baseline well-being. Our analysis provides a baseline of provider well-being immediately prior to the local onset of COVID-19. The potential need for additional resources to support frontline providers during the pandemic can be evaluated. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study for 4-weeks prior to the first COVID-19 case in Connecticut using a survey offered to an interprofessional group of emergency department clinical staff. The main outcome measures were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) scale. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to identify significant differences in perceptions of critical incidents and debriefings between professional categories. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were used to analyze significant differences in well-being between professional categories. Results: Thirty-nine clinical personnel from St. Vincent’s Emergency Department responded to the survey. Events frequently selected as critical incidents were caring for critically ill children (89.7%), mass casualty events (84.6%), and death of a patient (69.2%). Critical incidents were commonly reported (81.6%) as occurring once per week. Additionally, 76.2% of participants reported wanting to discuss a critical incident with their team. Across all respondents, 45.7% scored borderline or abnormal for anxiety, 55.9% scored moderate for burnout, and 55.8% scored moderate to high for secondary traumatic stress.Conclusions: At baseline, providers reported caring for critically ill children, mass casualty events, and death of a patient as critical incidents, which typically occurred once per week. Death of a patient occurs at increased frequency during the protracted mass casualty experience of COVID-19 and threatens provider well-being. Receptiveness to post-event debriefing is high but the method is still underutilized. With nearly half of staff scoring borderline or abnormal for anxiety, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress at baseline, peer support measures should be implemented to protect frontline providers’ well-being during and after the pandemic.
Tyrosine Supplement Ameliorates Murine aGVHD by Modulation of Gut Microbiome and Metabolome
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Lin Yu , Li Xue , Xu Xiaoxiao , Zhao Yanmin , Xu Lin , Gao Yang , Li Yixue , Tan Yamin , Qian Pengxu , Huang He 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The microbial communities and their metabolic components in gut are essential for immune homeostasis and profoundly influence the host susceptibility to many immune-mediated diseases including acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, the functional connections between microbiome and metabolites in aGVHD are poorly understood because of the complexity of gastrointestinal environment. Thus, we initially performed 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS)-based metabolomics to unleash the gut microbiota and fecal metabolic phenotype in aGVHD murine model.
Results
A Lachnospiraceae_unclassified was significantly downregulated while the relative abundance of Clostridium XI, Clostridium XIVa and Enterococcus were increased in aGVHD happened group. Meanwhile, a lower content of tyrosine was observed in the gut of aGVHD mice. The correlation analysis revealed that tyrosine-related metabolites inversely correlated with Clostridium XIVa, Blautia and Enterococcus in aGVHD condition. In addition to explore the importance and function of tyrosine, we supplied different tyrosine content diets to mice during transplantation. Additional tyrosine supplements could improve overall survival, ameliorate symptoms at the early stage of aGVHD and changed the structure and composition of gut microbiota and fecal metabolic phenotype, while mice with aGVHD deprived from tyrosine displayed worse manifestations than vehicle.
Conclusions
Overall, a better understanding of the roles of gut microbiota-metabolomes interconnectedness in aGVHD could help identify disease biomarkers and offer better targets for diagnosis and treatment.
Associating the COVID-19 Severity with Urban Factors: A Case Study of Wuhan
Authors: Li Xin , Zhou Lin , Jia Tao , Peng Ran , Fu Xiongwu , Zou Yuliang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Wuhan encountered a serious attack in the first round of the COVID-19 pandemic which has resulted in serious worldwide consequences politically and economically. Based on the Weibo help data, we inferred the spatial distribution pattern of the epidemic situation and its impacts. Seven urban factors, i.e. urban growth, general hospital, commercial facilities, subway station, landuse mixture, aging ratio, and road density, were selected for validation with the ordinary linear model, and the former six presented globally significant association with the epidemic severity; thereafter, the geographically weighted regression model was further adopted for local test to identify their unevenly distributed effects in urban space. Among the six, the place where general hospitals exert effects on epidemic situation highly is associated with their distribution and density; commercial facilities appear the most prevalently distributed factor over the city; newly developed residential quarters with high-rise buildings face greater risks, mainly distributed around the waterfront area of Hanyang and Wuchang; the influence of subway stations concentrates at the adjacency place where the three towns meet and near-terminal locations; aging ratio dominantly affects the hinterland of Hankou in a broader extent than other areas in the city. Upon the result, a series of managerial implications that coordinate various urban factors have been proposed. This research is conductive to developing specific planning and design responses for different areas in the city based on a better understanding of the occurrence, transmission, and diffusion of the COVID-19 epidemic in the metropolitan area.
Construction and Validation of a Machine Learning-based Nomogram: A TOOL to Predict the Risk of Getting Severe Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Zheng Xinyi , Yao Zhixian , Zheng Zhong , Wu Ke , Zheng Junhua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Identifying patients who may develop severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) will facilitate personalized treatment and optimize the distribution of medical resources.
Methods

In this study, 590 COVID-19 patients during hospitalization were enrolled (Training set: n = 285; Internal validation set: n = 127; Prospective set: n = 178). After filtered by 2 machine learning methods in the training set, 5 out of 31 clinical features were selected into model building to predict the risk of developing severe COVID-19 disease. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to build the prediction nomogram and validated in 2 different sets. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate its performance.
Results

From 31 potential predictors in the training set, 5 independent predictive factors were identified and included in the risk score: C-reactive protein (CRP), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Age, Charlson/Deyo comorbidity score (CDCS) and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Subsequently, we generated the nomogram based on the above features for predicting severe COVID-19. In the training cohort, the Area under curves (AUCs) were 0.822 (95% CI 0.765–0.875) and the internal validation cohort was 0.762 (95% CI 0.768–0.844). Further, we validated it in a prospective cohort with the AUCs of 0.705 (95% CI 0.627–0.778). The internally bootstrapped calibration curve showed favorable consistency between prediction by nomogram and actual situation. And DCA analysis also conferred high clinical net benefit.
Conclusion

In this study, our predicting model based on 5 clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients will enable clinicians to predict the potential risk of developing critical illness and thus optimize medical management.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mediated Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Foam Cell Formation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Chen Zhongli , Xue Qiqi , Cao Lijuan , Wang Yanpin , Chen Yuanyuan , Zhang Xiaojie , Xiao Fan , Yang Ying , Hayden Melvin R. , Yan Liu , Yang Ke 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) induced a foam-cell like phenotype of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), leading to the inflammatory responses incorporating Toll-like receptors (Tlrs)-mediated cellular alterations. We previously found that Tlr4 participated in inflammation response in VSMCs under oxLDL stimulation. However, the role of Tlr4 in foam-cell formation and underlying molecular pathways has not been comprehensively elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the role of Tlr4-mediated mechanisms in oxLDL induced foam-cell formation within VSMCs. Methods: After incubated with different dose of oxLDL, the lipid, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and foam-cell phenotype of the VSMCs were detected. The alteration of Tlr family, ROS and lipid accumulation regulators including the Src kinase, Nox2, Nox4, Mnsod and sirtuins were measured. Then the Tlr4 was knock down and underlying cellular change and altered molecules were detected. Results: We showed that oxLDL induced foam-cell like phenotype in VSMCs and led to lipid and ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. OxLDL induced the strongest upregulation of Tlr4 in the Tlrs family and initiated change of Src activation, Nox2, Mnsod, sirt1 and sirt3 expression. The effect of oxLDL was abolished by Tlr4 knockdown. Furthermore, knocking down of Tlr4 reduced Src activation and led to restored Sirt1/Sirt3 expression. Moreover, inhibiting or knocking down the Src kinase diminished lipid accumulation in VSMCs under oxLDL treatment. And overexpression of Sirt1/3 relieved the oxLDL induced ROS accumulation and foam-cell phenotype in VSMCs.Conclusions: These results demonstrated that Tlr4 is a critical regulator in oxLDL induced foam cell formation of VSMCs via mediating Src kinase as well as Sirt1 and Sirt3. Beyond the role of Tlr4 in inflammation response of VSMCs, we provide an integrated mechanism about TLR4 in VSMCs phenotype transition under oxLDL stimulation.