bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Spatiotemporal Patterns of Ecosystem Metabolism and Organic Carbon Dynamics Affecting Hypoxia on the Louisiana Continental Shelf
Authors: Jarvis Brandon M. , Lehrter John C. , Lowe Lisa L. , Hagy James D. , Wan Yongshan , Murrell Michael C. , Ko Dong S. , Penta Bradley , Gould Richard W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe hypoxic zone on the Louisiana Continental Shelf (LCS) forms each summer due to nutrient‐enhanced primary production and seasonal stratification associated with freshwater discharges from the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB). Recent field studies have identified highly productive shallow nearshore waters as an important component of shelf‐wide carbon production contributing to hypoxia formation. This study applied a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic‐biogeochemical model named CGEM (Coastal Generalized Ecosystem Model) to quantify the spatial and temporal patterns of hypoxia, carbon production, respiration, and transport between nearshore and middle shelf regions where hypoxia is most prevalent. We first demonstrate that our simulations reproduced spatial and temporal patterns of carbon production, respiration, and bottom‐water oxygen gradients compared to field observations. We used multiyear simulations to quantify transport of particulate organic carbon (POC) from nearshore areas where riverine organic matter and phytoplankton carbon production are greatest. The spatial displacement of carbon production and respiration in our simulations was created by westward and offshore POC flux via phytoplankton carbon flux in the surface layer and POC flux in the bottom layer, supporting heterotrophic respiration on the middle shelf where hypoxia is frequently observed. These results support existing studies suggesting the importance of offshore carbon flux to hypoxia formation, particularly on the west shelf where hypoxic conditions are most variable.
TEC Map Completion Using DCGAN and Poisson Blending
Authors: Pan Yang , Jin Mingwu , Zhang Shunrong , Deng Yue 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBecause of the limited coverage of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers, total electron content (TEC) maps are not complete. The processing to obtain complete TEC maps is time consuming and needs the collaboration of five international GNSS service (IGS) centers to consolidate final completed IGS TEC maps. The advance of deep learning offers powerful tools to perform certain tasks in data science, such as image completion (or inpainting). Among them, deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN) is capable of learning the properties of the objects and recovering missing data effectively. With years of IGS TEC maps for training, the combination of DCGAN and Poisson blending (DCGAN‐PB) is able to effectively learn the completion process of IGS TEC maps. Both random and more realistic masks are used to test the performance of DCGAN‐PB. The results with random masks (15–40% missing data) show that DCGAN‐PB can achieve better TEC map completion than DCGAN alone, and more training data can significantly improve its generalization. For the cross‐validation experiment using the realistic mask from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)‐TEC data (~52% missing data), DCGAN‐PB achieves the average root mean squared error about three absolute TEC units (TECu) for high solar activity years and less than two TECu for low solar activity years, which is about 50% reduction of means and more than 50% reduction on standard deviations compared to two conventional single‐image inpainting methods. The DCGAN‐PB model can lead to an efficient automatic completion tool for TEC maps by minimizing the manual work.
Impacts of Bridge Piers on Scour at Downstream River Training Structures: Submerged Weir as an Example
Authors: Wang Lu , Melville Bruce W. , Shamseldin Asaad Y. , Nie Ruihua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRiver training structures are conventionally used to improve river stability and ecological conditions and to protect the upstream instream infrastructures from scour and erosion. A submerged weir is a typical river training structure usually built downstream of bridges for grade control. Flow over the weir can cause local scour, destabilizing both the structure and the trained river reach. It is therefore important for safe design to estimate the scour accurately and understand the effects of an upstream bridge pier on local scour at submerged weirs. This study describes experiments on the scour process at a submerged weir with an upstream bridge pier, varying the distance L between the two. In this study, 56 experiments were conducted using uniform coarse sand with a median grain size d50 = 0.85 mm in a sediment‐recirculating flume. For clear‐water scour, the experiments showed that the bedform induced by the pier scour process creates a scour‐and‐fill process upstream of the submerged weir; and the upstream pier can also affect the scour downstream of the submerged weir, through two mechanisms: (i) upstream sediment replenishment and (ii) flow section constriction. The mechanisms (i) and (ii) can reduce and increase the downstream clear‐water scour depth at the submerged weir, respectively. For live‐bed scour, a pier upstream can reduce and increase the scour depth upstream and downstream of the submerged weir, respectively. Based on the experimental data, the dependence of the scour depth at the submerged weir on L is evaluated.
A Neural Network‐Based Model for Daytime Vertical E×B Drift in the Indian Sector
Authors: Chaitanya P. Pavan , Patra A. K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObservations of ionospheric vertical E×B drift are limited in the Indian sector. In this paper, we present an artificial neural network‐based model for inferring ionospheric daytime vertical E×B drift using ground‐based magnetometer and radar observations in the Indian sector. We have used E×B drift estimated using 150‐km echoes observed by the Gadanki mesosphere‐stratosphere‐troposphere radar and the difference in ground magnetic fields (ΔH) observed from Tirunelveli (magnetic latitude 0.4°N) and Alibag (magnetic latitude 13.0°N), providing a measure of electrojet current. We have used a feed forward neural network with error back propagation to train the network and estimated E×B drifts for the period 2006–2011. The model successfully reproduces the radar‐observed vertical E×B drifts. The model E×B drifts are also found to agree exceedingly well with those measured using the CINDI onboard the C/NOFS. The model seasonal mean drifts are found to differ considerably from those of Scherliess‐Fejer model. The neural network‐based model presented here is first of its kind from the Indian sector, presenting local time, day‐to‐day, and seasonal variations of daytime equatorial F region E×B drifts during magnetically quiet conditions. Results and the potential of the model for studying equatorial electrodynamics in the Indian sector are presented.
Diversity and evolution of surface polysaccharide synthesis loci in Enterobacteriales
Authors: Holt Kathryn E , Lassalle Florent , Wyres Kelly L , Wick Ryan , Mostowy Rafał J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Bacterial capsules and lipopolysaccharides are diverse surface polysaccharides (SPs) that serve as the frontline for interactions with the outside world. While SPs can evolve rapidly, their diversity and evolutionary dynamics across different taxonomic scales has not been investigated in detail. Here, we focused on the bacterial order Enterobacteriales (including the medically relevant Enterobacteriaceae), to carry out comparative genomics of two SP locus synthesis regions, cps and kps, using 27,334 genomes from 45 genera. We identified high-quality cps loci in 22 genera and kps in 11 genera, around 4% of which were detected in multiple species. We found SP loci to be highly dynamic genetic entities: their evolution was driven by high rates of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), both of whole loci and component genes, and relaxed purifying selection, yielding large repertoires of SP diversity. In spite of that, we found the presence of (near-)identical locus structures in distant taxonomic backgrounds that could not be explained by recent exchange, pointing to long-term selective preservation of locus structures in some populations. Our results reveal differences in evolutionary dynamics driving SP diversity within different bacterial species, with lineages of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter hormaechei and Klebsiella aerogenes most likely to share SP loci via recent exchange; and lineages of Salmonella enterica, Cronobacter sakazakii and Serratia marcescens most likely to share SP loci via other mechanisms such as long-term preservation. Overall, the evolution of SP loci in Enterobacteriales is driven by a range of evolutionary forces and their dynamics and relative importance varies between different species.
mPGES-1/PGE2 promotes the growth of T-ALL cells in vitro and in vivo by regulating the expression of MTDH via the EP3/cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway
Authors: Li Yiqing , Chen Jiaoting , Yang Wenjuan , Liu Hongyun , Wang Jieyu , Xiao Jie , Xie Shuangfeng , Ma Liping , Nie Danian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractT-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive haematological malignancy that is characterized by a high frequency of induction failure and by early relapse. Many studies have revealed that metadherin (MTDH) is highly expressed in a variety of malignant solid tumours and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumours. However, the relationship between the expression of MTDH and T-ALL has not yet been reported, and the regulatory factors of MTDH are still unknown. Our previous studies found that mPGES-1/PGE2 was important for promoting the growth of leukaemia cells. In the present study, we found that MTDH was highly expressed in primary T-ALL cells and in the Jurkat cell line. Our results showed that mPGES-1/PGE2 regulates the expression of MTDH through the EP3/cAMP/PKA-CREB pathway in T-ALL cells. Downregulation of MTDH inhibits the growth of Jurkat cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that MTDH could be a potential target for the treatment of T-ALL.
A behavioral approach to instability pathways in financial markets
Authors: Spelta Alessandro , Flori Andrea , Pecora Nicolò , Buldyrev Sergey , Pammolli Fabio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe introduce an indicator that aims to detect the emergence of market instabilities by quantifying the intensity of self-organizing processes arising from stock returns’ co-movements. In financial markets, phenomena like imitation, herding and positive feedbacks characterize the emergence of endogenous instabilities, which can modify the qualitative and quantitative behavior of the underlying system. The impossibility to formalize ex-ante the dynamic laws that rule the evolution of financial systems motivates the use of a parsimonious synthetic indicator to detect the disruption of an existing equilibrium configuration. Here we show that the emergence of an interconnected sub-graph of stock returns co-movements from a broader market index is a signal of an out-of-equilibrium transition of the underlying system. To test the validity of our approach, we propose a model-free application that builds on the identification of up and down market phases.
Antiferromagnetic textures in BiFeO3 controlled by strain and electric field
Authors: Haykal A. , Fischer J. , Akhtar W. , Chauleau J.-Y. , Sando D. , Finco A. , Godel F. , Birkhölzer Y. A. , Carrétéro C. , Jaouen N. , Bibes M. , Viret M. , Fusil S. , Jacques V. , Garcia V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAntiferromagnetic thin films are currently generating considerable excitement for low dissipation magnonics and spintronics. However, while tuneable antiferromagnetic textures form the backbone of functional devices, they are virtually unknown at the submicron scale. Here we image a wide variety of antiferromagnetic spin textures in multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films that can be tuned by strain and manipulated by electric fields through room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling. Using piezoresponse force microscopy and scanning NV magnetometry in self-organized ferroelectric patterns of BiFeO3, we reveal how strain stabilizes different types of non-collinear antiferromagnetic states (bulk-like and exotic spin cycloids) as well as collinear antiferromagnetic textures. Beyond these local-scale observations, resonant elastic X-ray scattering confirms the existence of both types of spin cycloids. Finally, we show that electric-field control of the ferroelectric landscape induces transitions either between collinear and non-collinear states or between different cycloids, offering perspectives for the design of reconfigurable antiferromagnetic spin textures on demand.
The quest for new physics with the Physics Beyond Colliders programme
Authors: Jaeckel Joerg , Lamont Mike , Vallée Claude 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn recent years, interest in complementary methods to high-energy-frontier colliders to investigate the physics of elementary particles and forces has grown. This development is driven by the so-far negative results of searches for new particles with high masses at the Large Hadron Collider, and by theoretical attempts to account for neutrino masses and to solve cosmological puzzles such as dark matter, dark energy and the matter–antimatter asymmetry in the Universe. Traditionally, CERN has hosted a wealth of accelerator and non-accelerator projects below the high-energy frontier, in which more than a thousand physicists are currently involved. The Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) study was launched three years ago to explore the future of this field. Here we give an overview of the various PBC proposals, ranging from explorations of the dark sector to precision measurements of strongly interacting processes. The methodology employed to compare the reach of those projects — based on a set of common benchmark models — has raised interest in the collider, neutrino and non-accelerator communities and may provide a comprehensive overview of how the parameter range for physics beyond the Standard Model should be explored in the worldwide context.
Lasting signature of planting year weather on restored grasslands
Authors: Groves Anna M. , Bauer Jonathan T. , Brudvig Lars A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEcological restoration — the rebuilding of damaged or destroyed ecosystems — is a critical component of conservation efforts, but is hindered by inconsistent, unpredictable outcomes. We investigated a source of this variation that is anecdotally suggested by practitioners, but for which empirical evidence is rare: the weather conditions during the first growing season after planting. The idea of whether natural communities face long-term consequences from conditions even many years in the past, called historical contingency, is a debated idea in ecological research. Using a large dataset (83 sites) across a wide geographic distribution (three states), we find evidence that precipitation and temperatures in the planting year (2–19 years before present) affected the relative dominance of the sown (native target species) and non-sown (mostly non-native) species. We find strong support for lasting planting year weather effects in restored tallgrass prairies, thereby supporting the historically contingent model of community assembly in a real-world setting.
The cutaneous microbiome in hospitalized patients with pressure ulcers
Authors: de Wert Luuk A. , Rensen Sander S. , Soons Zita , Poeze Martijn , Bouvy Nicole D. , Penders John 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study investigated whether there are differences in the composition of the cutaneous microbiome of the unaffected skin between patients with pressure ulcers compared with those without pressure ulcers. The cutaneous microbiome of the unaffected skin of 15 patients with sacral pressure ulcers compared to 15 patients without pressure ulcers was analysed. It demonstrated that the inter-individual variation in skin microbiota of patients with pressure ulcers was significantly higher (P = 0.01). The abundance of 23 species was significantly different with Staphylococcus aureus and unclassified Enterococcus the most abundant species in patients with pressure ulcers. Random Forest models showed that eight species were associated with pressure ulcers occurrence in 81% of the patients. A subset of four species gave the strongest interaction. The presence of unclassified Enterococcus had the highest association with pressure ulcer occurrence. This study is the first to demonstrate that the cutaneous microbiome is altered in patients with pressure ulcers.
Approaching high-performance of ordered structure Sb2Te3 film via unique angular intraplanar grain boundaries
Authors: Tan Ming , Hao Liyu , Li Hui , Li Cong , Liu Xiaobiao , Yan Dali , Yang Tie , Deng Yuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present an innovative electric-field-assisted magnetron-sputtering deposition method for films preparation. By grain boundary-engineering, we successeful obtained the ordered Sb2Te3 film with greatly high figure of merit via controlling external electric field. It has been found that the electric field can induce the change in the angle of intraplanar grain boundaries between (0 1 5) and (0 1 5) planes, which leads to the enhanced holes mobility and maintained low thermal conductivity. The energy filtering takes place at the angular intraplanar grain boundaries. At room temperature, a high ZT value of 1.75 can be achieved in the deposited Sb2Te3 film under 30 V external electric field. This is a very promising approach that the electric field induced deposition can develop high-performance Sb2Te3-based thermoelectric films.
The clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of endometrial carcinoma coexisting with or arising in adenomyosis: A pilot study
Authors: Chao Xiaopei , Wu Ming , Ma Shuiqing , Tan Xianjie , Zhong Sen , Bi Yalan , Wu Huanwen , Lang Jinghe , Li Lei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLittle is known about the epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC) coexisting with or arising in adenomyosis (EEC-A or EEC-AIA) due to their rarity. This study compared EEC-A and EEC-AIA with endometrial carcinoma without adenomyosis. Cases of endometrial cancer treated at the study center from June 1, 2010, to June 1, 2017, were reviewed. The epidemiological, clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes were compared among three groups of endometrioid subtypes: group A, stage IA endometrial carcinoma patients without coexisting adenomyosis; group B, patients with EEC-A; and group C, patients with EEC-AIA. Among the 2080 patients reviewed, groups A, B, and C included 1043, 230 and 28 patients, respectively. Patients in group A and group B had similar clinicopathological and survival outcomes. Patients in group C were significantly younger and had less gravidity and parity than patients in groups A and B. More tumors from group C were grade 1, and they had a smaller maximum diameter and less mismatch repair deficiency than those from groups A and B. After a median follow-up of 57.0 months, the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates of groups A, B and C were 96%, 91% and 100% (p = 0.045), respectively; the 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 98%, 93% and 100%, respectively (p = 0.001), in the Kaplan-Meier analysis. However, these difference disappeared in a subgroup of stage IA patients in univariate and multivariate analysis. Cox regression analysis in stage IA patients also revealed no significant differences in survival outcome across the three groups. In conclusion, EEC-AIA exhibited specific clinicopathological characteristics that were probably associated with favorable survival outcomes. The characteristics and survival outcomes of EEC-A were similar to those of EEC without adenomyosis in stage IA patients.
Massive analysis of 64,628 bacterial genomes to decipher water reservoir and origin of mobile colistin resistance genes: is there another role for these enzymes?
Authors: Khedher Mariem Ben , Baron Sophie Alexandra , Riziki Toilhata , Ruimy Raymond , Raoult Didier , Diene Seydina M. , Rolain Jean-Marc 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSince 2015, new worrying colistin resistance mechanism, mediated by mcr-1 gene has been reported worldwide along with eight newly described variants but their source(s) and reservoir(s) remain largely unexplored. Here, we conducted a massive bioinformatic analysis of bacterial genomes to investigate the reservoir and origin of mcr variants. We identified 13’658 MCR-1 homologous sequences in 494 bacterial genera. Moreover, analysis of 64’628 bacterial genomes (60 bacterial genera and 1’047 species) allows identifying a total of 6’651 significant positive hits (coverage >90% and similarity >50%) with the nine MCR variants from 39 bacterial genera and more than 1’050 species. A high number of MCR-1 was identified in Escherichia coli (n = 862). Interestingly, while almost all variants were identified in bacteria from different sources (i.e. human, animal, and environment), the last variant, MCR-9, was exclusively detected in bacteria from human. Although these variants could be identified in bacteria from human and animal sources, we found plenty MCR variants in unsuspected bacteria from environmental origin, especially from water sources. The ubiquitous presence of mcr variants in bacteria from water likely suggests another role in the biosphere of these enzymes as an unknown defense system against natural antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriophage predation.
Risk Feeding: An Australian Pediatric Palliative Care Perspective
Authors: Radford Claire , Marshall Jeanne , Herbert Anthony , Irving Helen , Weir Kelly 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
This article explores the challenges of risk feeding from an Australian Paediatric Palliative Care perspective. There is currently limited evidence to guide risk feeding in pediatric clinical practice. Therefore, this article uses evidence from the adult palliative and end-of-life care context (extrapolating to pediatric application), in addition to the authors' clinical experience in supporting children and their families with risk feeding. Recommendations for the clinical management of pediatric risk feeding are discussed, including the suggested focus for families and the interprofessional team along the different phases of the palliative care continuum.

Conclusion
There is currently limited information to guide decision making regarding risk feeding in pediatrics. Overall, in the absence of evidence-based practice guidelines, it is the authors' recommendation that a risk feeding plan is developed in consultation and collaboration with the family, treating physician, and interprofessional team. Further research is required to support guidance for clinicians working in this area.