bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curcumin alleviates OGD/R-induced PC12 cell damage via repressing CCL3 and inactivating TLR4/MyD88/MAPK/NF-κB to suppress inflammation and apoptosis
Authors: Wang Chao , Yang Yong-Hong , Zhou Liang , Ding Xin-Li , Meng Ying-Chun , Han Ke 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Curcumin presents some therapeutic effects including anti-cancer and anti-inflammation. Herein, we centred on the functional role of curcumin in cerebral ischaemia injury and its potential molecular mechanisms.

Methods
Microarray analysis was used for excavating crucial genes in cerebral ischaemia. PC12 cells were subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) to imitate cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vitro. Cell viability and apoptosis abilities were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry assays. qRT-PCR, Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to assess the concentrations of related genes.

Key findings
By enquiring GEO dataset, C–C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) was profoundly upregulated in cerebral I/R injury model. And CCL3 was found to be highly expressed in PC12 cells suffered from OGD/R. Moreover, we found that CCL3 was a potential target of curcumin in cerebral I/R injury. More importantly, the following experiments illustrated that curcumin inhibited the expression of CCL3 in OGD/R model and reduced cell apoptosis and inflammation. Moreover, high expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, p-NF-κB P65, p-P38 MAPK and p-IκBα in OGD/R model were inhibited by curcumin.

Conclusions
Our study manifested that curcumin might be a meritorious drug for the treatment of cerebral ischaemia by acting on CCL3.
A unique record of Cercis from the late early Miocene of interior Asia and its significance for paleoenvironments and paleophytogeography
Authors: Li Xiang‐Chuan , Manchester Steven R. , Wang Qin , Xiao Liang , Qi Tian‐Long , Yao Yun‐Zhi , Ren Dong , Yang Qiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe climatic impacts of the Tibetan Plateau since the Neogene and the phytogeographic pattern changes of formerly widely‐distributed forest communities on the plateau remain poorly constrained. Today, Cercis L. (Fabaceae) is a well‐known arborescent genus typically distributed in subtropical to warm temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere, and Paleogene fossil occurrences from Eurasia and North America show a long history of the genus in mid‐low latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we describe a fossil species, Cercis zekuensis sp. nov. based on well‐preserved fruits from the early Miocene of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Detailed morphological comparison (e.g., ventral margin with a veinless wing) of extant and fossil members of Cercis and other genera confirmed validity of the present taxonomic identity. Based on the comparison with extant relatives and their climate preferences, this unexpected occurrence of thermophilic Cercis in northeastern Tibetan Plateau indicates this area had higher temperature and precipitation in the Miocene than today. Integrated with inferred (paleo‐)temperature lapse rates, this indicates a low paleoelevation of less than 2.4 km. In contrast with the present‐day alpine climate here (~3.7 km), such a low elevation facilitated a more favorable habitat with comparatively high biodiversity and warm temperate forests at that time, as were evidenced by co‐occurring megafossils. Moreover, the present existence of Cercis implies the genus was widespread in interior Asia during the early Neogene and shows its modern disjunction or diversification between eastern and central Asia was possibly shaped by the late Cenozoic regional tectonic uplift and consequential environmental deterioration.
Sofosbuvir‐Daclatasvir is suboptimal in patients with genotype 2 chronic hepatitis C infection: real‐life experience from the HEPATHER ANRS CO22 cohort
Authors: de Lédinghen Victor , Lusivika‐Nzinga Clovis , Bronowicki Jean‐Pierre , Zoulim Fabien , Larrey Dominique , Metivier Sophie , Tran Albert , Marcellin Patrick , Samuel Didier , Chazouillères Olivier , Chevaliez Stephane , Dorival Celine , Fontaine Hélène , Pawlotsky Jean‐Michel , Carrat Fabrice , Pol Stanislas ,   The AFEF/ANRS Study Group
Published: May 2020

AbstractSofosbuvir plus daclatasvir with or without ribavirin has demonstrated a high efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in clinical trials of patients infected with genotype 2 hepatitis Cvirus (HCV); however, there are currently no real‐world data available for this regimen. To evaluate the real‐life safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin in genotype 2 HCV patients in the French cohort ANRS CO22 HEPATHER(NCT01953458). In this ongoing, national, multicentre, prospective, observational study, we observed patients with HCV genotype 2 infection who initiated treatment with sofosbuvir (400 mg/d) plus daclatasvir with or without ribavirin (1‐1.2 g/d). Patients were divided into two treatment groups: sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin (12 weeks/24 weeks). The primary end point was a sustained virological response at week 12 following the end of therapy. Overall, 88% and 91% of patients achieved a sustained virological response following 12 and 24 weeks of treatment with sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin, respectively. The most common adverse events were asthenia (29%), headache (15%) and fatigue (20%), and ribavirin addition was associated with a higher rate of adverse events and treatment discontinuation. Sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin was associated with lower rates of sustained virological response in the real‐life setting compared with the clinical setting and demonstrated suboptimal efficacy for the treatment of patients with genotype 2 chronic HCV.
Magnesium deficiency and febrile seizure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ataei‐Nakhaei Alireza , Rouhani Zahra‐Sadat , Bakhtiari Elham 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere are inconsistent data reporting magnesium is low in children with febrile seizure compared with febrile cases. Present systematic review was performed comparing the serum level of magnesium in febrile children aged 6‐72 months with and without seizure. A systematic search was performed in the relevant databases up to August 2019. Papers comparing the serum level of magnesium in febrile children with and without seizure were selected. The major outcome was serum level of magnesium. Random effect model was used to calculate the pooled standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. Totally 10 papers were included. According to meta‐analysis, the serum level of magnesium significantly is lower in children with febrile seizure versus febrile ones (standardized mean difference: −0.85, 95% confidence interval = (−1.31, −0.39). According to sensitivity analysis, no significant change was observed in pooled standardized mean difference. In meta‐regression demographic characteristics matching, sample size and method of magnesium measurement showed a significant effect on between‐study variance (P = .001). Present systematic review confirmed a significant relationship between hypomagnesemia and seizure in febrile children aged 6‐72 months. It has been purposed that decreased level of magnesium may play a role in the pathogenesis of seizure in febrile children.
Immunization with cytolethal distending toxin B produces autoantibodies to vinculin and small bowel bacterial changes in a rat model of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Morales Walter , Triantafyllou Konstantinos , Parodi Gonzalo , Weitsman Stacy , Park Sung Chul , Rezaie Ali , Pichetshote Nipaporn , Lin Eugenia , Pimentel Mark 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent data substantiate the importance of acute gastroenteritis in the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). An animal model of postinfectious IBS determined the importance of cytolethal distending toxin B (CdtB) during live Campylobacter jejuni infection and its development of autoimmunity to vinculin. In this study, we examine whether subcutaneous exposure to CdtB alone is sufficient to produce the postinfectious IBS effect and autoimmunity.MethodsSixty adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into 2 groups to receive subcutaneous injection of either CdtB or vehicle and administered a booster injection of the same product 3 weeks later. Serum was collected for anti‐CdtB and anti‐vinculin titers. Duodenal and ileal luminal contents for total eubacterial qPCR, and ileal bowel segments were harvested for vinculin and ileal expression. In a second experiment, 4 adult, Sprague Dawley rats were injected with either Cy7‐labeled anti‐CdtB and anti‐vinculin antibodies were injected into the tail vein and imaged to determine organ localization of the antibodies.Key ResultsRats that received CdtB increased in serum anti‐CdtB after injection. CdtB exposure also precipitated significant elevation in anti‐vinculin antibodies (P < .001). This was associated with a reduction in intestinal vinculin expression (P < .001) that negatively correlated with serum anti‐CdtB levels. CdtB exposure was also associated with greater levels of duodenal (P < .001) and ileal (P < .01) bacteria by qPCR that positively correlated with anti‐CdtB levels.Conclusions and InferencesRats injected with CdtB developed a postinfectious IBS‐like phenotype and autoimmunity to vinculin with corresponding reduction in intestinal vinculin expression.
Lithological constraints on resource economies shape the mycorrhizal composition of a Bornean rain forest
Authors: Weemstra Monique , Peay Kabir G. , Davies Stuart J. , Mohamad Mohizah , Itoh Akira , Tan Sylvester , Russo Sabrina E. 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) produce contrasting plant–soil feedbacks, but how these feedbacks are constrained by lithology is poorly understood.

We investigated the hypothesis that lithological drivers of soil fertility filter plant resource economic strategies in ways that influence the relative fitness of trees with AMF or EMF symbioses in a Bornean rain forest containing species with both mycorrhizal strategies.

Using forest inventory data on 1245 tree species, we found that although AMF‐hosting trees had greater relative dominance on all soil types, with declining lithological soil fertility EMF‐hosting trees became more dominant. Data on 13 leaf traits and wood density for a total of 150 species showed that variation was almost always associated with soil type, whereas for six leaf traits (structural properties; carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus ratios, nitrogen isotopes), variation was also associated with mycorrhizal strategy. EMF‐hosting species had slower leaf economics than AMF‐hosts, demonstrating the central role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant resource economies.

At the global scale, climate has been shown to shape forest mycorrhizal composition, but here we show that in communities it depends on soil lithology, suggesting scale‐dependent abiotic factors influence feedbacks underlying the relative fitness of different mycorrhizal strategies.
The role of peripheral opioid receptors in orofacial pain
Authors: Liu Qing , Fan Wenguo , He Hongwen , Huang Fang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOpioid receptors are widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and non‐neuronal tissues. Numerous researchers have noted the pivotal role of peripheral opioid receptors (PORs) in analgesia. Accumulating evidence has shown the existence of PORs in the trigeminal nerve system, indicating that PORs may be involved in the modulation of orofacial pain. In this review, we summarise the recent evidence for the role of PORs in orofacial pain and discuss the possible cellular mechanisms.
The application of a heat‐inducible CRISPR/Cas12b (C2c1) genome editing system in tetraploid cotton (G. hirsutum) plants
Authors: Wang Qiongqiong , Alariqi Muna , Wang Fuqiu , Li Bo , Ding Xiao , Rui Hangping , Li Yajun , Xu Zhongping , Qin Lei , Sun Lin , Li Jianying , Zou Jiawei , Lindsey Keith , Zhang Xianlong , Jin Shuangxia 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe CRISPR/Cas9 and Cas12a (Cpf1) tools have been used on a large scale for genome editing. A new effector with a single nuclease domain, a relatively small size, low‐frequency off‐target effects and cleavage capability under high temperature has been recently established and designated CRISPR/Cas12b (C2c1). Cas12b has also shown temperature inducibility in mammalian systems. Therefore, this system is potentially valuable for editing the genomes of plant species, such as cotton, that are resistant to high temperatures. Using this new system, mutants of upland cotton were successfully generated following Agrobacterium‐mediated genetic transformation under a range of temperatures. Transformants (explants infected by Agrobacterium) exposed to 45 °C for 4 days showed the highest editing efficiency. No off‐target mutation was detected by whole‐genome sequencing. Genome edits by AacCas12b in T0 generation were faithfully passed to the T1 generation. Taken together, CRISPR/Cas12b is therefore an efficient and precise tool for genome editing in cotton plants.
The effect of paid maternity leave on low‐income families' welfare use in the US
Authors: Kang Ji Young 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite the critical role that paid maternity leave can assume in the economic lives of low‐income families, research to date has paid insufficient attention to whether paid maternity leave reduces welfare use for low‐income families. Using the Current Population Survey (CPS) March Supplement 2007–2014 with the difference‐in‐difference (DiD) technique, this study finds a significant policy effect of paid maternity leave on reducing the probability of using Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), TANF benefit amounts and TANF participation length. This study confirms that paid maternity leave is likely to prevent low‐income families from using welfare during job interruptions stemming from the birth of a child. Given that TANF is often associated with negative political and social connotations, paid maternity leave can be used as an important social policy to improve economic security as well as offer empowerment in overall social standing for low‐income mothers. The discussion focuses on the implications of the findings in a broader context of American welfare states.
Colonial Military Garrisons as Labor‐Market Shocks: Quebec City and Boston, 1760–1775
Authors: Land Jeremy , Geloso Vincent 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe military occupation of Boston in 1768 shocked the city's labor market. The soldiers, who were expected to supplement their pay by working for local businesses, constituted an influx equal to 12.5 percent of greater Boston's population. To assess the importance of this shock, we use the case of Quebec City, which experienced the reverse process (i.e., a reduction in the British military presence from close to 18 percent of the region's population to less than 1 percent). We argue that, in Boston, the combination of the large influx of soldiers and a heavy tax on the local population in the form of the billeting system caused an important wage reduction, while the lighter billeting system of Quebec City and the winding down of the garrison pushed wages up. We tie these experiences to political developments in the 1770s.
Coveting Uniformity in a Diverse World: The Authoritarian Roots of Welfare Chauvinism in Postmigration Crisis Germany
Authors: Crepaz Markus M. L. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the links between authoritarian personality traits and welfare chauvinism by controlling for a host of alternative explanations while also investigating whether these links are additive or interacting with other triggering variables.MethodUsing the online survey platform Qualtrics, a stratified sample of 1,010 respondents in Germany was recruited in January 2019. Authoritarian personality is operationalized by applying the fourfold child‐rearing scale pioneered by Feldman and Stenner.ResultsFindings indicate that authoritarianism has an independent, additive effect on welfare chauvinism, but cultural and economic threats do not systematically mediate the effect of authoritarianism on welfare chauvinism.ConclusionSubmissive authoritarianism is significantly linked to a desire to disentitle immigrants from using welfare benefits.
Imaging features of disseminated xanthogranulomatous inflammation in eclectus parrots (Eclectus roratus)
Authors: Hanson Melissa E. , Donovan Taryn A. , Quesenberry Katherine , Dewey Amanda , Brown Cindy , Chen Sue , Le Roux Alexandre B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractXanthogranulomatous disease is a rare condition, which can be caused by infection, inflammation, hemorrhage, immunologic disease, or inherited lysosomal disorders. It is characterized by non‐intracellular lipid and cholesterol deposits among an inflammatory infiltrate of vacuolated macrophages and giant cells. The diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous disease is challenging, with nonspecific imaging findings often misinterpreted as aggressive neoplastic processes in humans. In this retrospective case series study, we describe the diagnostic imaging characteristics of a disseminated xanthogranulomatous condition identified in five eclectus parrots (Eclectus roratus). Decreased serosal detail and celomic distension were present in all three birds radiographed, with multifocal variably sized celomic mineralization (3/3 birds), and extracelomic mineralized masses (1/3 birds). Celomic effusion with foci of celomic mineralization and hepatomegaly were identified in all birds (3/3) imaged with ultrasound. Finally, a mineralized mural ventricular mass was present in one of three patients imaged with CT, multifocal celomic mineralization with moderate to severe celomic effusion in two of three patients, diffuse severe proventricular and intestinal dilation in all three patients, and atherosclerosis of the major arterial trunks in all three patients. Veterinary radiologists should be aware of this inflammatory condition in birds, especially in eclectus parrots, and should be able to recognize the imaging features of xanthogranulomatous inflammation.
“Do Not Question Authority”: Examining Team Rules in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Women’s Basketball
Authors: Larsen Leslie K. , Fisher Leslee A. , Shigeno Terilyn C. , Bejar Matthew P. , Madeson Melissa N. 
Published: May 2020

While the policies National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletic departments have in place regarding social media and drug abuse have been empirically investigated, research on the full battery of rules implemented by NCAA teams is scant. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the written team rules of 41 NCAA Division I women’s basketball teams to better understand the types of rules that are in place and to hypothesize the effects these rules might have on the development of an autonomy-supportive environment. Using Consensual Qualitative Research, the research team constructed seven domains with multiple categories to represent the data. The domains included the following: (a) program expectations, (b) controlled communication, (c) controlled relationships, (d) controlled appearance/attire, (e) controlled social behavior, (f) recommendations for optimal physical performance, and (g) academic expectation. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that NCAA Division I women’s basketball coaches use team rules as a tool for domination rather than a strategy for developing the autonomy of student-athletes. We offer practical suggestions for coach educators, coach developers, and coaches on best practices when creating team rules to develop an autonomy-supportive environment that strengthens organizational loyalty and improves the experiences of student-athletes.
Modelling the cost-effectiveness of introducing subsidised malaria rapid diagnostic tests in the private retail sector in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Bath David , Goodman Catherine , Yeung Shunmay 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundOver the last 10 years, there has been a huge shift in malaria diagnosis in public health facilities, due to widespread deployment of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), which are accurate, quick and easy to use and inexpensive. There are calls for RDTs to be made available at-scale in the private retail sector where many people with suspected malaria seek care. Retail sector RDT use in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is limited to small-scale studies, and robust evidence on value-for-money is not yet available. We modelled the cost-effectiveness of introducing subsidised RDTs and supporting interventions in the SSA retail sector, in a context of a subsidy programme for first-line antimalarials.MethodsWe developed a decision tree following febrile patients through presentation, diagnosis, treatment, disease progression and further care, to final health outcomes. We modelled results for three ‘treatment scenarios’, based on parameters from three small-scale studies in Nigeria (TS-N), Tanzania (TS-T) and Uganda (TS-U), under low and medium/high transmission (5% and 50%Plasmodium falciparum(parasite) positivity rates (PfPR), respectively).ResultsCost-effectiveness varied considerably between treatment scenarios. Cost per disability-adjusted life year averted at 5% PfPR was US$482 (TS-N) and US$115 (TS-T) and at 50% PfPR US$44 (TS-N) and US$45 (TS-T), from a health service perspective. TS-U was dominated in both transmission settings.ConclusionThe cost-effectiveness of subsidised RDTs is strongly influenced by treatment practices, for which further evidence is required from larger-scale operational settings. However, subsidised RDTs could promote increased use of first-line antimalarials in patients with malaria. RDTs may, therefore, be more cost-effective in higher transmission settings, where a greater proportion of patients have malaria and benefit from increased antimalarial use. This is contrary to previous public sector models, where RDTs were most cost-effective in lower transmission settings as they reduced unnecessary antimalarial use in patients without malaria.
Point-of-care ultrasound at Role 1: is it time for a rethink?
Authors: Duncan Patrick G A , Mackey J 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThe past 20 years have seen a rapid increase in point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) use in the prehospital sphere. However, in the British Army there is no POCUS capability in the Defence Primary Healthcare (DPHC) or deployed Role 1 setting. POCUS can improve diagnostic capability, influence management decisions and transfer destination, and is a useful triage tool in mass casualty management.MethodA survey on POCUS use was sent to 279 clinicians working in the Role 1, civilian prehospital and Defence Primary Healthcare environments. Questions explored current levels of experience and training, indications for use and attitudes towards roll out. Results were analysed using a mixed methods approach.ResultsThere were 124 respondents (279 recipients; 44.4% response rate). 74.2% (92 respondents) had no experience of using POCUS while 9.7% (12 respondents) were classed as frequent users. The four most common indications for prehospital POCUS were abdominal, cardiac and lung imaging and vascular access. The majority of respondents felt that POCUS would add value in the deployed Role 1 environment; this was even more evident in the frequent user group. Common concerns were difficulty maintaining currency, governance burden and uncertainty over impact on management.ConclusionThe majority of doctors surveyed feel that POCUS would add value at Role 1 and is a capability that should be developed. The authors will watch with interest the progress of Project MORPHO.