bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long noncoding RNA SNHG12 induces proliferation, migration, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and stemness of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells via post‐transcriptional regulation of BMI1 and CTNNB1
Authors: Wu Duoguang , He Xiaotian , Wang Wenjian , Hu Xueting , Wang Kefeng , Wang Minghui 
Published: April 2020

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors around the world. Numerous studies have revealed the function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancers, including ESCC. In this study, lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 (SNHG12), mainly distributed in ESCC cell cytoplasm, was overexpressed in ESCC specimens and CD133+ cells. In CD133‐ ESCC cells, SNHG12 overexpression promoted cell proliferation, migration, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and stemness and SNHG12 silencing led to opposite results. Furthermore, SNHG12 sequestered miR‐6835‐3p and induced the proto‐oncogene, polycomb ring finger (BMI1). SNHG12 also enhanced the stability of CTNNB1, the mRNA encoding β‐catenin, via recruiting insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) in ESCC. Rescue assays indicated that CTNNB1 and BMI1 were targets for SNHG12 to regulate ESCC cell proliferation, migration, EMT, and stemness. Furthermore, SOX4 (sex‐determining region Y‐box 4) bound with the SNHG12 promoter to transcriptionally activate SNHG12 in ESCC. Finally, in vivo data showed SNHG12 knockdown retarded tumorigenesis and metastasis in ESCC. In summary, SNHG12 induces proliferation, migration, EMT, and stemness of ESCC cells via post‐transcriptional regulation of BMI1 and CTNNB1, indicating that targeting SNHG12 might be a novel target for ESCC treatment.
Assessment of error in the MV radiation isocenter position calculated with the Elekta XVI software
Authors: Chojnowski Jacek M. , Warr George B. , Sykes Jonathan R. , Thwaites David I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe assessment of the coincidence of imaging and radiation isocenters is an important task of regular quality assurance of medical linear accelerators (linacs) as recommended in national and international quality assurance guidelines. A previously reported investigation of the accuracy of the Elekta XVI software to localize the linac radiation isocenter, by comparing statistically with other independent software, has shown some discrepancies at the sub‐mm level. A further investigation is carried out here using a set of reference images and mathematical operations to observe how the Elekta XVI software analyses them. Symmetric mathematical operations on reference images should result in symmetrical outcomes. Three different rotation functions are used in increasing degree of complexity to characterize the Elekta XVI software error in the linac radiation isocenter position. No independent algorithms or phantoms are used in this methodology. The magnitude and direction of the radiation isocenter localization error has been determined to be consistently 0.13 mm or 0.14 mm in the longitudinal direction towards the target depending on the case. The radiation isocenter localization error comprises two separated errors of the Ball Bearing Center by 0.13 mm and MV Field Center by either 0.00 mm or −0.01 mm in the longitudinal direction towards the target. The calculation of the MV Field Center is influenced by the polymethyl methacrylate rod supporting the ball‐bearing. The precise value and the root cause of the error cannot be assessed due to the rounding effect of the results reported by the Elekta XVI software and lack of access to the source code.
A numerical filtering method for linear state‐space models with Markov switching
Authors: Pauley Michael , Mclean Christopher , Manton Jonathan H. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryA class of discrete‐time random processes arising in engineering and econometrics applications consists of a linear state‐space model whose parameters are modulated by the state of a finite‐state Markov chain. Typical filtering approaches are collapsing methods, which approximate filtered distributions by mixtures of Gaussians, each Gaussian corresponding to one possibility of the recent history of the Markov chain, and particle methods. This article presents an alternative approach to filtering these processes based on keeping track of the values of the underlying filtered density and its characteristic function on grids. We prove that it has favorable convergence properties under certain assumptions. On the other hand, as a grid method, it suffers from the curse of dimensionality, and so is only suitable for low‐dimensional systems. We compare our method to collapsing filters and a particle filter with examples, and find that it can outperform them on 1‐ and 2‐dimensional problems, but loses its speed advantage on 3‐dimensional systems. Meanwhile, our method has a proven theoretical convergence rate that is probably not achieved by collapsing and particle methods.
Dielectric Polarization in Inverse Spinel‐Structured Mg2TiO4 Coating to Suppress Oxygen Evolution of Li‐Rich Cathode Materials
Authors: Zhang Wei , Sun Yonggang , Deng Huiqiu , Ma Jianming , Zeng Yi , Zhu Zhiqiang , Lv Zhisheng , Xia Huarong , Ge Xiang , Cao Shengkai , Xiao Yao , Xi Shibo , Du Yonghua , Cao Anmin , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigh‐energy Li‐rich layered cathode materials (≈900 Wh kg−1) suffer from severe capacity and voltage decay during cycling, which is associated with layered‐to‐spinel phase transition and oxygen redox reaction. Current efforts mainly focus on surface modification to suppress this unwanted structural transformation. However, the true challenge probably originates from the continuous oxygen release upon charging. Here, the usage of dielectric polarization in surface coating to suppress the oxygen evolution of Li‐rich material is reported, using Mg2TiO4 as a proof‐of‐concept material. The creation of a reverse electric field in surface layers effectively restrains the outward migration of bulk oxygen anions. Meanwhile, high oxygen‐affinity elements of Mg and Ti well stabilize the surface oxygen of Li‐rich material via enhancing the energy barrier for oxygen release reaction, verified by density functional theory simulation. Benefited from these, the modified Li‐rich electrode exhibits an impressive cyclability with a high capacity retention of ≈81% even after 700 cycles at 2 C (≈0.5 A g−1), far superior to ≈44% of the unmodified counterpart. In addition, Mg2TiO4 coating greatly mitigates the voltage decay of Li‐rich material with the degradation rate reduced by ≈65%. This work proposes new insights into manipulating surface chemistry of electrode materials to control oxygen activity for high‐energy‐density rechargeable batteries.
Molecular Signature and Activationless Transport in Cobalt‐Terpyridine‐Based Molecular Junctions
Authors: van Nguyen Quyen , Tefashe Ushula , Martin Pascal , Della Rocca Maria Luisa , Lafolet Frederic , Lafarge Philippe , McCreery Richard L. , Lacroix Jean‐Christophe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCobalt terpyridine oligomers are compared with π‐conjugated and ruthenium‐centered layers in molecular junctions (MJs) with identical contacts. A wide range of layer thickness is investigated, and attenuation plots are obtained. Strong dependence of charge transport on molecular layers is found with a variation of four orders of magnitude of current density (  J) for different molecules and d = 7 nm. For a Ru(bpy)3 complex and bis‐thienylbenzene MJs, the attenuation plot shows two different regions corresponding to two different dominant transport mechanisms. On the contrary Co(tpy)2 and viologen‐based MJs show no transition thickness in the attenuation plot, indicating a possible change of mechanism with film thickness, and very low attenuation factors (β of 0.17 and 0.25 nm−1 from 2 to 14 nm, respectively). These β values indicate highly efficient long‐range transport. This is attributed to the fact that the energy levels of the frontier orbital involved in transport are between, and thus almost in resonance with, the Fermi levels of the electrodes. Temperature‐dependence measurements suggest that field ionization followed by multistep hopping and redox events can occur above 100 K, while the activationless region at low T indicates incoherent tunneling between redox sites with reorganization concerted with charge transfer.
Portal venous hemodynamics as predictors for the development and grades of esophageal varices in Post‐HCV cirrhotic patients: An Egyptian center study
Authors: Salman Ahmed , Salman Mohamed A. , Ismaeel Saadawy Amr M. , Tourky Mohamed , Shawkat Mohamed 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere is no consensus regarding the precise predictive role of portal vein hemodynamics for the prediction of esophageal varices. We performed the current prospective work to assess the diagnostic ability of portal vein hemodynamics for the prediction and grading of esophageal varices. The present work is a prospective one performed in the period from April 2014 till September 2017. Two hundred patients with HCV‐related cirrhosis with esophageal varices were enrolled in the present work as case group (group I). In addition, 100 cirrhotic cases, with no esophageal varices, were included in the work as control arm (group II). Doppler ultrasound (US) and upper endoscopy were performed to all patients. Case group were further subdivided according grades of esophageal varices into four grades. These grades were correlated to splenic size, portal vein velocity, portal vein caliber, and hepatic artery resistivity index. Cases in group I had significantly larger spleen & portal vein diameter and higher hepatic artery resistivity index than cases in group II (P < .001). The portal vein caliber had the highest diagnostic performance for the detection of esophageal varices with cut‐off values of ≥12.5 mm (sensitivity = 99% and specificity = 94%). Patients with grade IV varices had significantly elevated values of splenic diameter, portal vein caliber, and hepatic artery resistivity index; and lower portal vein velocity than other patients with lower grades (P < .001). The same findings were observed with other esophageal varices grades. In conclusion, non‐invasive portal hemodynamic parameters are good indicators for the prediction and severity of esophageal varices.
Some (do not) like it hot: shrub growth is hampered by heat and drought at the alpine treeline in recent decades
Authors: Francon Loïc , Corona Christophe , Till‐Bottraud Irène , Carlson Bradley Z. , Stoffel Markus 
Published: April 2020

PremiseMountain ecosystems are particularly sensitive to climate change. However, only a very small number of studies exist so far using annually resolved records of alpine plant growth spanning the past century. Here we aimed to identify the effects of heat waves and drought, driven by global warming, on annual radial growth of Rhododendron ferrugineum.MethodsWe constructed two century‐long shrub ring‐width chronologies from R. ferrugineum individuals on two adjacent, north‐ and west‐facing slopes in the southern French Alps. We analyzed available meteorological data (temperature, precipitation and drought) over the period 1960–2016. Climate–growth relationships were evaluated using bootstrapped correlation functions and structural equation models to identify the effects of rising temperature on shrub growth.ResultsAnalysis of meteorological variables during 1960–2016 revealed a shift in the late 1980s when heat waves and drought increased in intensity and frequency. In response to these extreme climate events, shrubs have experienced significant changes in their main limiting factors. Between 1960 and 1988, radial growth on both slopes was strongly controlled by the sum of growing degree days during the snow free period. Between 1989 and 2016, August temperature and drought have emerged as the most important.ConclusionsIncreasing air temperatures have caused a shift in the growth response of shrubs to climate. The recently observed negative effect of high summer temperature and drought on shrub growth can, however, be buffered by topographic variability, supporting the macro‐ and microrefugia hypotheses.
Synthesis and Dimerization Properties of Cup‐ and Bowl‐shaped Cyclic Trilactams
Authors: Sartyoungkul Sitanan , Yakiyama Yumi , Sakurai Hidehiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo chiral trilactams, cup‐shaped (−)‐1 and bowl‐shaped (−)‐2, were synthesized. Single crystal X‐ray analysis revealed that (−)‐1 formed dimer structure by the formation of three NH⋅⋅⋅O type complementary hydrogen bonds at three amide moieties. The equilibrium constant (Keq) and kinetic parameters ▵H° and ▵S° of the dimer formation phenomenon of (−)‐1 were determined by variable temperature proton NMR. Further binding energy calculation on both (−)‐1 and (−)‐2 dimers confirmed the more favourable formation of (−)‐1 dimer than (−)‐2 dimer, explaining the significant solubility difference of the two against the less polar solvent, such as CHCl3. Trilactam (−)‐1 afforded coordination polymer by complexation with Zn2+, keeping the capsule‐like structure.
Monitoring of group mates in relation to their behavior in mandrills
Authors: Schino Gabriele , Scerbo Martina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrimates are known to have considerable knowledge about the social relationships that link their group mates and are likely to derive this information from observing the social interactions that occur in their social group. They may, therefore, be hypothesized to pay particular attention to the social interactions involving group mates. In this study, we evaluated how the attention captive mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) devote to their group mates was modulated by the behavior of the latter. Mandrills looked most frequently at foraging individuals and least frequently at sleeping individuals. Mandrills also looked at grooming individuals more than at individuals that were simply sitting in contact. Grooming dyads were looked at regardless of the social rank and kinship of the individuals involved. These results contribute to our understanding of how primates obtain their social knowledge.
Boosting CO2 Electroreduction on N,P‐Co‐doped Carbon Aerogels
Authors: Chen Chunjun , Sun Xiaofu , Yan Xupeng , Wu Yahui , Liu Huizhen , Zhu Qinggong , Bediako Bernard Baffour Asare , Han Buxing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractElectroreduction of CO2 to CO powered by renewable electricity is a possible alternative to synthesizing CO from fossil fuel. However, it is very hard to achieve high current density at high faradaic efficiency (FE). Here, the first use of N,P‐co‐doped carbon aerogels (NPCA) to boost CO2 reduction to CO is presented. The FE of CO could reach 99.1 % with a partial current density of −143.6 mA cm−2, which is one of the highest current densities to date. NPCA has higher electrochemical active area and overall electronic conductivity than that of N‐ or P‐doped carbon aerogels, which favors electron transfer from CO2 to its radical anion or other key intermediates. By control experiments and theoretical calculations, it is found that the pyridinic N was very active for CO2 reduction to CO, and co‐doping of P with N hinder the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) significantly, and thus the both current density and FE are very high.
Mechanistic analysis of ecological effects of graphene nanomaterials on plant ecosystems
Authors: Yang Ying , Zhao Yanqi , Wang Mingshi , Meng Hongqi , Ye Zenghui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs graphene is an emerging carbon nanomaterial, some studies have investigated the ecological effects of graphene‐based materials with generally focusing on physiological changes, enzyme activities, and oxidative stresses, but detailed mechanistic studies are actually lacking. Moreover, the results from previous studies were controversial in the context of ecological mechanisms, because material properties and organism species were quite different, and evaluation criterions were not uniform or reliable. Therefore, relative studies should be systematically initiated. This paper summarizes the research status between graphene related materials and soil–plant organisms, mainly discussing the detrimental influences on terrestrial biology from the perspectives of physiology, biochemistry, and gene expression. Moreover, probable toxicity mechanisms, impact factors, environmental application, and industrialization of graphene materials are also carefully discussed to provide scientific and theoretical basis.
Organic‐inorganic Hybrid ([BrCH2CH2N(CH3)3]+2[CdBr4]2−) with Unusual Ferroelectric and Switchable Dielectric Bifunctional Properties over Different Temperature Range
Authors: Sui Yan , Liu Dong‐Sheng , Chen Wen‐Tong , Wang Liang‐Jun , Ma Yu‐Xiao , Lai Hui‐Qi , Zhou Yu‐Wei , Wen He‐Rui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBoth ferroelectric and switchable dielectric behaviors are of great academic value and practical significance, but they usually exist alone. If combine the two properties into one compound, it will be more valuable in practical application. In this paper, quasi‐spherical (2‐bromoethyl) trimethylammonium cation was used to match with [CdBr4]2− anion, and a new organic‐inorganic hybrid compound ([BrCH2CH2N(CH3)3]+2[CdBr4]2−, BETABCdBr) was obtained and carefully characterized. The results indicate that this compound undergoes two continuous reversible phase transition around 342 K and 390 K. It could respectively exhibit ferroelectric and switchable dielectric properties over different temperature range. This work may provide a new clue to explore new types of bifunctional phase transition smart materials to meet various application requirements.
Allometric analysis using the multivariate shifted exponential normal distribution
Authors: Punzo Antonio , Bagnato Luca 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn allometric studies, the joint distribution of the log‐transformed morphometric variables is typically elliptical and with heavy tails. To account for these peculiarities, we introduce the multivariate shifted exponential normal (MSEN) distribution , an elliptical heavy‐tailed generalization of the multivariate normal (MN). The MSEN belongs to the family of MN scale mixtures (MNSMs) by choosing a convenient shifted exponential as mixing distribution. The probability density function of the MSEN has a simple closed‐form characterized by only one additional parameter, with respect to the nested MN, governing the tail weight. The first four moments exist and the excess kurtosis can assume any positive value. The membership to the family of MNSMs allows us a simple computation of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimates of the parameters via the expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm; advantageously, the M‐step is computationally simplified by closed‐form updates of all the parameters. We also evaluate the existence of the ML estimates. Since the parameter governing the tail weight is estimated from the data, robust estimates of the mean vector of the nested MN distribution are automatically obtained by downweighting; we show this aspect theoretically but also by means of a simulation study. We fit the MSEN distribution to multivariate allometric data where we show its usefulness also in comparison with other well‐established multivariate elliptical distributions.
Differential recurrence after laparoscopic incisional hernia repair: importance of a nationwide registry-based mesh surveillance
Authors: Helgstrand F , Thygesen L C , Bisgaard T , Jørgensen L N , Friis-Andersen H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Identification of suboptimal mesh products is essential to improve the outcome after hernia surgery. This study investigated whether a national clinical database combined with administrative registries may serve as a tool for postmarketing evaluation of mesh products for hernia surgery.

Methods
This was a propensity score-matched case–control cohort study comparing outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic incisional hernia repair with either one particular mesh or any other synthetic mesh. Data on patients registered in the Danish Ventral Hernia Database between 2010 and 2016 were combined with administrative data from the Danish National Patient Registry. The primary outcome was operation for recurrence. Secondary outcomes were 30-day readmission, 30-day reoperation for complications (excluding hernia recurrence), and mortality after 30 and 90 days.

Results
In total, 740 patients who underwent repair with one particular mesh were matched with 1479 patients who received any other synthetic mesh. The rate of repair for hernia recurrence was significantly higher in the particular mesh group than in the reference group: 12·8 versus 6·3 per cent respectively (hazard ratio 2·09, 95 per cent c.i. 1·57 to 2·79; P &lt; 0·001). Use of the particular mesh increased the risk of readmission (odds ratio (OR) 1·53, 1·16 to 2·01; P = 0·002) and reoperation for a complication (OR 1·60, 1·03 to 2·47, P = 0·030). No difference in mortality was found.

Conclusion
Clinical registries with prospectively collected data can provide long-term surveillance of commercial mesh. Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair with one particular mesh was associated with an increased rate of short-term complications and double the risk of repair for recurrence.
A contextual thematic analysis of the accessory nerve in Scottish historical medical collections of the Royal Colleges of Edinburgh and Glasgow
Authors: Marles Henry , Chisholm Fraser , Varsou Ourania 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe classification of the accessory nerve (CN XI) remains a source of debate; its exact function has not been fully elucidated having also an atypical morphology for a cranial nerve. A better insight into its anatomical and physiological features is of clinical relevance. The aim was to conduct a review of 18th and 19th century books from the Royal Medical/Surgical Colleges in Scotland, United Kingdom. A contextual historical analysis of the depictions and descriptions of the accessory nerve could provide insight into the disparity in the current descriptions.Materials and MethodsOnline archive catalogues were systematically searched and, during site visits, resources were formally and contextually analyzed, with the information then thematically analyzed. The themes were discussed against a widely known reference textbook of the era.ResultsBased on the thematic analysis, the resources were categorized either as practical anatomy books or field‐specific anatomy books including neuroanatomy atlases. This intended use, along with the target audience, influenced the scope and detail of information, typically with general anatomy for students in the practical resources, and specialist information in the field‐specific resources. The authors' professional background also influenced the way the accessory nerve was described and/or depicted, with surgeons/physicians placing emphasis on the clinical aspects. Content variations could also be attributed to communication restrictions of the era, and associated purchasing costs.ConclusionsAlthough scientific advances are nowadays disseminated at a faster pace, actively bridging the gap between anatomical sciences and clinical research is still needed when considering the accessory nerve to further elucidate the mysteries of this structure.