bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sagittal Abdominal Diameter and its Socioeconomic Correlates: Perspective of Sex Differences
Authors: Li Chang , Harris Marcelline , Tsilimingras Dennis , Liu Sophia , Sheng Ying , Liu Xuefeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is an anthropometric measure of visceral adiposity. It remains unclear whether SAD and its socio-economic correlates differ in women and men, which limits the epidemiological and clinical applications of the SAD measurement. Methods A complex stratified multistage clustered sampling design was used to select 6,975 men and 7,079 women aged 18 years or more from the National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey 2011-2016, representative of the US civilian non-institutionalized population. SAD was measured in accordance to the standard protocols using a two-arm abdominal caliper. The sex differences in SAD and its socio-economic correlates were evaluated by performing weighted independent t tests and weighted multiple regression. Results SAD was lower in women than in men in the entire sample, as well as in all subgroups characterized by age, race, body mass index, birth place, and household income except for non-Hispanic blacks and those with household income < $20,000. Adjusted for other characteristics, SAD increased with age and body mass index for both women and men (p<.0001). Compared to white women, Asian women were associated with lower SAD (p=.018), and black women with higher SAD (p<.0001). Compared to white men, Hispanic and Asian men were associated with lower SAD (both p<.0001). Women born in other countries were more likely to have lower SAD than women born in the US (p<.0001), and so were men (p=.0118). Both women and men with a household income of <$75,000 had higher SAD than those with an income of over $75,000.Conclusion Women have lower SAD than men in the general population as well as in the most socio-economic subgroups. Socio-economic correlates of SAD were consistent in women and men.
Understanding mobile application development and implementation to monitor Posyandu data in Indonesia: a 3-years hybrid action research to build "a bridge" from community to national use
Authors: Rinawan Fedri Ruluwedrata , Susanti Ari Indra , Amelia Indah , Ardisasmita Mulya Nurmansyah , Widarti  , Dewi Rima Kusumah , Ferdian Dani , Purnama Wanda Gusdya , Purbasari Ayi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background. There is little evidence available to better understand how mobile health application technology on mother and child health is designed. This study aimed: (a) to explore community health worker (CHW)/cadre and mothers’ activities information related with Posyandu, as well as inputs and feedbacks in developing the Posyandu mobile application, (b) to compare between training and implementation phases of the application, (c) and to see the potential use of the Posyandu mobile application in the country. Method. Using a hybrid method in which the action research principles and qualitative-quantitative methods were synergistically combined for the end users. The study was conducted in Pasawahan sub-district, Purwakarta, Indonesia from 2017 to 2019. Content analysis, coding and categorizing were done using NVivo 12 Pro for the transcribed data. Wilcoxon Test (2018 and 2019) was conducted using STATA 15 Special Edition. Results. (1) the use of CHW notebook for data entry in Posyandu information system book made a long delay in the data reporting process, thus, the development of mobile application would be necessary, (2) there were significant differences of CHW’s knowledge (p=0.000) and skills (p=0.0097) on training (2018) and Posyandu phases (2019), (3) As many as 964 posyandu are registered to Posyandu mobile application from almost all provinces in Indonesia. Conclusions. The 3-years hybrid approach suggests the crucial phases to build a mobile application in a more user-friendly manner that can replace the CHW’s old-fashion book use, and that it is promising for national use.
Income transfer program for people with disabilities over 16 years old in Brazil
Authors: Kohatsu Giovanna , Campos Mariana Dias , Silva Eraldo Schunk , Rudey Edson Luciano , Yamaguchi Mirian Ueda , Massuda Ely Mitie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The Continuous Cash Benefit Program, known by BPC, is a public policy for assistance that guarantees a monthly income of a minimum wage to the elderly over 65 years old and people with disabilities in a state of poverty. The objective of this study was to analyze the socio-demographic profile of BPC applicants of people with disabilities, their concessions, and rejections, in the category over 16 years old and to identify the prevalence of the main International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) among the BPC concessions, and the main determinants of the concession. Methods: Exploratory, cross-sectional and retrospective study, with applicants for BPC - People with Disabilities - 16 years or older as of the target audience. The Expert Medical Assessment forms provided by the National Social Security Institute of Brazil from May 2015 to October 2017 were analyzed. Results: The rejections exceeded the concessions, and the incomplete elementary education, mental and behavioral disorders prevailed as the predominant ICD-10 among the 1134 applications analyzed. The main cause of rejection corresponded to the non-fulfillment of the disability criteria for access to the BPC. Concession rates were lower for women, and moderate, severe and complete degrees led to higher concession rates. Conclusion: Although there are social assistance laws for people with disabilities and low income, this population is still in a state of vulnerability.
Prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among adults aged ≥ 35 years in northern China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xi Yunfeng , Author) Liwei Niu(Former Corresponding , Cao Ning , Bao Han , Xu Xiaoqian , Zhu Hao , Yan Tao , Zhang Nan , Qiao Liying , Han Ke , Hang Gai , Wang Wenrui , Author) Xingguang Zhang(New Corresponding 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence has increased continuously over the last 30 years in China. Dyslipidemia is an important modifiable risk factor in CVD. We aimed to collect current data on the prevalence of dyslipidemia in northern China and explore potential influencing factors.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we selected a representative sample of 65,128 participants aged ≥35 years in Inner Mongolia during 2015–2017. All participants completed a questionnaire and were examined for risk factors. Dyslipidemia was defined according to 2016 Chinese guidelines for adults. The associated factors for dyslipidemia were estimated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: The age-standardized prevalence of dyslipidemia was 31.2% overall, with 4.3%, 2.4%, 14.7%, and 17.4% for high total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), respectively. The dyslipidemia prevalence was significantly higher in men than women (37.9% vs. 27.5%, P<0.001), but postmenopausal women had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia components (except low HDL-C). Compared with Han participants, Mongol participants had a lower prevalence of dyslipidemia (29.1% vs. 31.4%, P<0.001). Male sex, living in urban areas, Han ethnicity, smoking, obesity, central obesity, hypertension, and diabetes were significantly associated with higher risk of dyslipidemia; alcohol consumption was linked to lower risk of dyslipidemia.Conclusions: Our study revealed that dyslipidemia is a health problem in northern China. Greater efforts to prevent and manage dyslipidemia, especially in men under age 55 years, postmenopausal women, and people with unhealthy lifestyles or chronic diseases.
How has the Stop Transmission of Polio Program consultants and Open Data Kit technology contributed towards polio eradication efforts in Kenya?
Authors: Tesfaye Brook , Sowe Alieu , Makam Jeevan K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Polio eradication efforts in Kenya include the development of a skilled local workforce and the application of innovative technologies. This paper describes the role of Stop Transmission of Polio Program (STOP) consultants and the use of Open Data Kit (ODK) technology in strengthening polio eradication efforts in Kenya.Methods: Overview of the STOP program, deployment, and the modality of support is described. The application of innovative ODK technology was examined. Descriptive analysis was conducted on data collected by the STOP consultants during supportive supervisions using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 22) and maps were developed using Quantum Geographic Information System (GIS) (version 3.4.1).Results: STOP consultants supportively supervised eight hundred seventy health facilities both on routine immunization (RI) and on Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance system in 16 (34.1%) counties during the study period. Active surveillance for AFP was conducted in all health facilities supervised, and 11 unreported cases of AFP were detected and investigated. STOP consultants, as part of an outbreak response, provided technical support on five successive rounds of polio Supplementary Immunization Activities (SIAs) conducted during period studied. Moreover, addressing programmatic data needs, the STOP data manager has played a valuable role in enhancing the quality and use of data for evidence-based decision-making, both routine immunization and AFP surveillance. ODK technology was used in AFP surveillance, routine and supplementary immunization activities being a part of the package of electronic tools available in the country. Conclusion: STOP consultants have contributed extensively to polio eradication efforts in Kenya, through enhancing active case search, supporting outbreak response, strengthening routine immunization program, training/ capacity building of Frontline Health Workers (FLW), data analysis, interpretation and supportive supervision. The application of ODK technology has contributed to generating real-time quality data for informed decision making including spatial data, even in resource-limited hard to reach settings where the likelihood of poliovirus transmission is higher. A national STOP program should be modeled to produce homegrown qualified personnel who are able to support eradication and response activities in Kenya.
Health system's readiness to provide cardiovascular, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease related services in Nepal: analysis using 2015 health facility survey
Authors: Ghimire Umesh , Shrestha Nipun , Adhikari Bipin , Meheta Suresh , Pokharel Yashashwi , Mishra Shiva Raj 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The burgeoning rise of non-communicable diseases is posing a serious challenge in resource constrained health facilities of Nepal. The main objective of this study was to assess the readiness of health facilities for cardiovascular, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease services in Nepal. Methods: This study utilized data from the Nepal Health Facility Survey 2015. General readiness of 940 health facilities along with disease specific readiness for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes and cardiorespiratory diseases (CRDs) were assessed using service availability and readiness assessment manual of the World Health Organization (WHO). Health facilities were categorized into public and private facilities.Results: Out of a total of 940 health facilities assessed, private facilities showed higher availability of items of general service readiness, except for standard precautions for infection prevention, compared to public facilities. The multivariable adjusted regression coefficients for CVDs (β=2.87, 95%CI: 2.42-3.39), diabetes (β =3.02, 95%CI: 2.03-4.49) and CRDs (β=15.95, 95%CI: 4.61-55.13) at private facilities were higher than public hospitals. Health facilities located in hills had higher readiness index for CVDs (β=1.99, 95%CI: 1.02 - 1.39). Service readiness for CVDs (β=1.13, 95%CI: 1.04-1.23) and diabetes (β=1.78, 95%CI: 1.23-2.59) were higher in the urban municipalities than in rural municipalities. Finally, disease related services readiness index was sub-optimal with some degree of variation at the province level in Nepal. Province 2 for CVDs (β=0.83, 95%CI: 0.73-0.95), and province 4 (β =1.24, 95%CI: 1.07-1.43) and province 5 (β =1.17, 95%CI: 1.02-1.34) had higher readiness index compared to province 1.Conclusions: This study found a sub-optimal readiness of services related to three NCDs at the public facilities in Nepal. Compared to public facilities, private facilities showed higher readiness score for CVDs, diabetes and CRDs. To cope up with the growing burden of NCDs, urgent improvement in health services, particularly in public facilities are critical to manage common NCDs.
Smoking habits in Syria and the influence of war on cigarette and shisha smoking.
Authors: Kakaje Ameer , Alhalabi Mohammad M , Alyousbashi Ayham , Ghareeb Ayham , Hamid Laura 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: Shisha smoking has become an epidemic since the nineties and it adds an additional burden over cigarette smoking as it is more harmful, smoked socially and is widely accepted in many countries. We aim to discuss shisha and cigarette smoking prevalence in the Syrian community and university students with their associated risk factors and the relationship with many war factors.Methods: Online surveys were used that contained demographic and war-related questions along with cigarette and shisha smoking pattern questions.Results: The sample contained 987 responders with a mean age of 24.69, 25.7% being males, 16.4% smoking cigarettes, and 29.3% smoking shisha. Cigarette and shisha smoking was more common in males with P<0.0001 (OR, 4.762; 95% CI 3.333-6.757) and P=0.047 (OR, 1.364; 95% CI 1.003-1.855) for cigarettes and shisha respectively. Males also smoked daily, for longer years, more packs and more shisha every week than females P<0.05. However, females were more social smokers. While cigarette smoking was more prevalent in older ages, shisha was so in younger ages. Having a job, certain types of work and students at certain faculties were correlated with smoking more P<0.05. Losing someone due to the war and being distressed from war noises were also correlated with smoking. Field of education affected smoking patters as medical field students smoked fewer cigarettes and shisha while social studies students smoked more. Being a labourer, working as a clerk or in a restaurant, or as a technician was more frequently associated with smoking. However, no associations were found with SES, marital status and changing place of living due to war.Conclusions: Males tend to smoke more, heavier, more consistent, and for longer periods than females while women smoked shisha more socially. War increases smoking patterns while SES did not affect smoking in Syria. Shisha smoking increased and cigarette smoking decreased compared to previous studies and cigarette smoking remains lower than other regional countries, but shisha smoking is higher when compared to many other countries.
Association between parental separation and addictions in adolescents: results of a national Lebanese study
Authors: Jabbour Nour , Rached Vanessa Abi , Haddad Chadia , Salameh Pascale , Sacre Hala , Hallit Rabih , Soufia Michel , Obeid Sahar , Hallit Souheil 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives: to investigate the association between the divorce of parents and smoking, alcohol, and internet addiction among a representative sample of Lebanese adolescents.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, conducted between January and May 2019 using a proportionate random sample of schools from all Lebanese Mohafazat. Out of 2000 questionnaires distributed; 1810 (90.5%) were completed and collected back.Results: The mean age was 15.42 ± 1.14 years, with 53.3% females and 74.1% smokers. In addition, 11.9% [95% CI 0.104-0.134] of the adolescents had separated/divorced parents. Divorce in parents was significantly associated with higher alcohol use disorder (Beta=8.035), higher cigarette dependence (Beta=2.767) and a higher waterpipe dependence (Beta=5.263) in adolescents. However, divorce in parents was not associated with internet addiction in adolescents.Conclusion: Parental divorce was correlated to higher alcohol and smoking, but not internet addiction among adolescents. Children whose parents are divorced should be subject to continuous follow-up by their parents and by a psychiatrist/psychologist in order not to develop any addiction that could potentially harm them.
Correlates of family planning knowledge among people in fishing communities of Lake Victoria in Uganda
Authors: Nanvubya Annet , Wanyenze R.K. , Nakaweesa T. , Mpendo J. , Kawoozo B. , Matovu F. , Nabukalu S. , Omoding G. , Kaweesi J. , Ndugga J. , Kamacooko O. , Chinyenze K. , Price M. A. , Geertruyden J.P. Van 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
BackgroundFamily planning (FP) is a key component in the conduct of HIV prevention trials and FP knowledge is a determinant of modern contraceptive use. Although fishing communities (FCs) participate in HIV prevention trials, knowledge about FP in this population is scarcely known. We determined correlates of FP knowledge in FCs of L. Victoria in Uganda to inform improvements in FP interventions in preparation for other HIV prevention trials.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey among participants aged 16-49 years in Kigungu and Nsazi FCs. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to assess FP knowledge. A composite score with 5 parameters including; awareness about FP methods, knowledge about ideal number of children for a couple, knowledge about ideal birth spacing interval, knowledge about FP methods and their side effects and interval between the last 2 children was used to determine whether participant’s knowledge was or wasn’t satisfactory. Satisfactory FP knowledge was attributed to a score of ≥80% from the five parameters. We also conducted 10 in-depth interviews and 4 focus group discussions.ResultsOf the 1,410 screened participants, 95% were aware of at least one FP method while only 21% had satisfactory knowledge. Participants aged 30-39 years, those engaged in trade/business, housewives, those from Nsazi, the married or those who were divorced, separated or widowed were more likely to have satisfactory FP knowledge compared to those aged 16-29 years (aOR: 1.59 95% CI: 1.14-2.22), farmers (aOR: 3.14 95% CI: 1.21-8.17), and (aOR: 3.69 95% CI: 1.35-10.1), those from Kigungu (aOR: 1.58 95%CI: 1.09-2.30), those who were single (aOR: 6.96 95% CI: 3.42-14.13) or (aOR: 17.67 95% CI: 8.54-36.54).There were concerns about side effects and effectiveness of some modern FP methods. Misconceptions about effects of FP like sterility, cancers and foetal abnormalities were common. Cultural beliefs on contraception are key barriers to FP information.ConclusionPeople from FCs in Uganda are aware of FP but their knowledge is largely unsatisfactory. Concerns about method safety, effectiveness of some methods, misconceptions and cultural barriers exist. A FP education tool tailored for a mobile, high risk and remote population is recommended to improve FP knowledge.
Effectiveness of Interventions Based on a Comprehensive Model for Promoting Physical Activity and Improving Health-related and Fitness Indices in Employees
Authors: Rafatifard Mohammad , Mahmoodabad Seyed Saied Mazloomy , Fallahzadeh Hossein , Faramarzi Mohammad , Sadeghi Masoumeh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose To reduce physical inactivity at work, today's work environments require the design of interventions that can effectively enhance the level of physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of interventions based on a comprehensive model for promoting physical activity behaviors and improving health-related and physiological physical fitness indices in administrative employees of the industrial sector.Methods In this randomized, controlled trial study that included 170 administrative employees. The intervention group was subjected to a series of interventions based on a comprehensive model for practical and physical activities for 6 months. Data collection instruments used were a demographic checklist, Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire, health-related and physiological physical fitness testing and a researcher-developed questionnaire based on the comprehensive model constructs.Data analysis was conducted by the SPSS 21 using chi-square, independent and paired t-test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test, and repeated measures ANOVA. The significance level was considered 95%. The mean age of the subjects was 36.99(±7.69 SD) years old and all of them were male.Results The mean total physical activity index in the intervention group at 3 and 6 months after the intervention significantly increased compared to control group. The mean values of health-related and physiological physical indices, i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular endurance, flexibility and physical composition, in intervention group significantly increased compared to control group. Conclusion Designing interventions based on a comprehensive model to examine the broader and multi-level approaches between environmental, biological and psychological factors can affect physical activity behaviors and promote health behaviors.
YouTubeTM as a source of information for Candida auris infection: A systematic review
Authors: Huang Jiangqing , Zhang Shengcen , Xiao Qirong , Cao Yingping , Li Bin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Candida auris is a novel Candida species, and has emerged globally as a multidrug-resistant health care-associated fungal pathogen. YouTubeTM (http://www.youtube.com) as the largest free video-sharing website is increasingly used to search health information. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the content, reliability and quality of YouTube™ videos regarding Candida auris infection, and to identify whether it is a useful resource for people. Methods: The YouTube™ was used to search systematically for videos using the keywords: “Candida auris infection” and “Candida auris”. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select the videos. The videos were reviewed and scored by two independent reviewers and recorded the “title”, “length”, “views”, “comments”, “dislike”, “like”, “posted days” and “category of videos”. The videos were categorized as “poor”, “good” and “excellent” by the score. The DISCERN tool was used to assess the reliability of the YouTubeTM videos. Results: Seventy-six videos were included in final analysis in our study. Most videos (59.2%, 55/76) had better quality. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in respect of the number of likes, dislikes, views, comments, percentage positivity, likebility, view rate and viewers' interaction. Length and posted days were significantly associated with the classification. The videos were categorized as “education”, “new report”, “personal experience and blog entertainment” and “interview”. Significant differences were found in the source of videos and the characteristics of the individuals appearing in a video between the groups. Conclusion: YouTubeTM has striking potential to be an effective user-friendly learning interface for people education and understanding of Candida auris infection.