bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of PMSG‐based drivetrain technologies for 10‐MW floating offshore wind turbines: Pros and cons in a life cycle perspective
Authors: Moghadam Farid K. , Nejad Amir R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an in depth evaluation and comparison of three different drivetrain choices based on permanent‐magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) technology for 10‐MW offshore wind turbines. The life cycle approach is suggested to evaluate the performance of the different under consideration drivetrain topologies. Furthermore, the design of the drivetrain is studied through optimized designs for the generator and gearbox. The proposed drivetrain analytical optimization approach supported by numerical simulations shows that application of gearbox in 10‐MW offshore wind turbines can help to reduce weight, raw material cost, and size and simultaneously improve the efficiency. The possibility of resonance with the first torsional natural frequency of drivetrain for the different designed drivetrain systems, the influence of gear ratio, and the feasibility of the application for a spar floating platform are also discussed. This study gives evidence on how gearbox can mitigate the torque oscillation consequences on the other components and how the latter can influence the reliability of drivetrain.
How Shenzhen, China pioneered the widespread adoption of electric vehicles in a major city: Implications for global implementation
Authors: Li Mengnan , Ye Haiyi , Liao Xiawei , Ji Junping , Ma Xiaoming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is an important way to reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The city of Shenzhen, in southern China, has focused on developing policies to encourage EV implementation over the past decade and now has the most EVs of any city in the world, including the largest e‐bus and e‐taxi fleets. This paper reviews Shenzhen's innovative incentive policies and business models with respect to the potential for other cities and regions to learn from the city's experiences. Subsidies for the purchase and use of EVs, the construction of charging facilities, and the provision of services followed an inverse U‐shaped trend that initially rose to encourage early adoption before decreasing as the market matured. Additional incentives included preferential vehicle licensing, parking privileges, and road access. Furthermore, the city adopted a business model that incentivized cooperation between third‐party financial institutions, EV manufacturers, and charging facility operators to reduce the initial financial burden and risk of EV adoption by pooling purchasing power through leasing and vehicle sharing while disassociating vehicle and battery maintenance. Although Shenzhen's experience has unique aspects that cannot easily be replicated, such as a strong financial position of the government, it offers two important lessons for other cities around the globe: (a) incentivize the whole EV value chain in order to avoid bottlenecks and (b) use innovative business models that mobilize both public and private resources by distributing both risks and rewards.This article is categorized under:
Energy and Transport > Economics and Policy
Energy and Transport > Economics and Policy
Energy Research and Innovation > Climate and Environment
Renormalization group effects in dark matter interactions
Authors: Bishara Fady , Brod Joachim , Grinstein Benjamin , Zupan Jure 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We present a renormalization-group (RG) analysis of dark matter interactions with the standard model, where dark matter is allowed to be a component of an electroweak multiplet, and has a mass at or below the electroweak scale. We consider, in addition to the gauge interactions, the complete set of effective operators for dark matter interactions with the standard model above the weak scale, up to and including mass dimension six. We calculate the RG evolution of these operators from the high scale Λ down to the weak scale, and perform the matching to the tower of effective theories below the weak scale. We also summarize the RG evolution below the weak scale and the matching to the nonrelativistic nuclear interactions. We present several numerical examples and show that in certain cases the dark matter — nucleus scattering rate can change by orders of magnitude when the electroweak running is included.
Understanding motor control in health and disease: classic single (n = 1) observations
Authors: Bloem Bastiaan R. , Monje Mariana H. G. , Obeso Jose A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe field of neuroscience is increasingly dominated by a preferred use of big data, where analysis of large numbers has become an essential area of development. We here draw attention to the importance of smaller numbers, and more specifically, to the historical and continued importance of detailed and judiciously performed studies in single healthy volunteers or single patients with a unique clinical presentation, as an important approach to study normal functions of the nervous system, and to understand the pathophysiology underlying neurological movement disorders. We illustrate this by discussing several historical examples and by summarising Professor John Rothwell’s impressive body of work in single-patient studies, highlighting some of his seminal n = 1 studies that have had a great impact on the field. In doing so, we hope to provide a powerful incentive for the next generation of neuroscientists to keep appreciating the value of detailed analyses of single observations.
Diffeomorphism groups of critical regularity
Authors: Kim Sang-hyun , Koberda Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLet M be a circle or a compact interval, and let $$\alpha =k+\tau \ge 1$$

α
=
k
+
τ
≥
1

be a real number such that $$k=\lfloor \alpha \rfloor $$

k
=
⌊
α
⌋

. We write $${{\,\mathrm{Diff}\,}}_+^{\alpha }(M)$$

Diff

+
α

(
M
)

for the group of orientation preserving $$C^k$$

C
k

diffeomorphisms of M whose kth derivatives are Hölder continuous with exponent $$\tau $$
τ
. We prove that there exists a continuum of isomorphism types of finitely generated subgroups $$G\le {{\,\mathrm{Diff}\,}}_+^\alpha (M)$$

G
≤

Diff

+
α

(
M
)

with the property that G admits no injective homomorphisms into $$\bigcup _{\beta >\alpha }{{\,\mathrm{Diff}\,}}_+^\beta (M)$$

⋃

β
>
α

Diff

+
β

(
M
)

. We also show the dual result: there exists a continuum of isomorphism types of finitely generated subgroups G of $$\bigcap _{\beta <\alpha }{{\,\mathrm{Diff}\,}}_+^\beta (M)$$

⋂

β
<
α

Diff

+
β

(
M
)

with the property that G admits no injective homomorphisms into $${{\,\mathrm{Diff}\,}}_+^\alpha (M)$$

Diff

+
α

(
M
)

. The groups G are constructed so that their commutator groups are simple. We give some applications to smoothability of codimension one foliations and to homomorphisms between certain continuous groups of diffeomorphisms. For example, we show that if $$\alpha \ge 1$$

α
≥
1

is a real number not equal to 2, then there is no nontrivial homomorphism $${{\,\mathrm{Diff}\,}}_+^\alpha (S^1)\rightarrow \bigcup _{\beta >\alpha }{{\,\mathrm{Diff}\,}}_+^{\beta }(S^1)$$

Diff

+
α

(

S
1

)

→

⋃

β
>
α

Diff

+
β

(

S
1

)

. Finally, we obtain an independent result that the class of finitely generated subgroups of $${{\,\mathrm{Diff}\,}}_+^1(M)$$

Diff

+
1

(
M
)

is not closed under taking finite free products.
Outcomes of Simultaneous Resections and Classical Strategy for Synchronous Colorectal Liver Metastases in Sweden: A Nationwide Study with Special Reference to Major Liver Resections
Authors: Valdimarsson Valentinus T. , Syk Ingvar , Lindell Gert , Sandström Per , Isaksson Bengt , Rizell Magnus , Norén Agneta , Ardnor Bjarne , Sturesson Christian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAbout 20% of patients with colorectal cancer have liver metastases at the time of diagnosis, and surgical resection offers a chance for cure. The aim of the present study was to compare outcomes for patients that underwent simultaneous resection to those that underwent a staged procedure with the bowel‐first (classical) strategy by using information from two national registries in Sweden.MethodsIn this prospectively registered cohort study, we analyzed clinical, pathological, and survival outcomes for patients operated in the period 2008–2015 and compared the two strategies.ResultsIn total, 537 patients constituted the study cohort, where 160 were treated with the simultaneous strategy and 377 with the classical strategy. Patients managed with the simultaneous strategy had less often rectal primary tumors (22% vs. 31%, p = 0.046) and underwent to a lesser extent a major liver resection (16% vs. 41%, p < 0.001), but had a shorter total length of stay (11 vs. 15 days, p < 0.001) and more complications (52% vs. 36%, p < 0.001). No significant 5‐year overall survival (p = 0.110) difference was detected. Twenty‐five patients had a major liver resection in the simultaneous strategy group and 155 in the classical strategy group without difference in 5‐year overall survival (p = 0.198).ConclusionSimultaneous resection of the colorectal primary cancer and liver metastases can possibly have more complications, with no difference in overall survival compared to the classical strategy.
Defining Major Surgery: A Delphi Consensus Among European Surgical Association (ESA) Members
Authors: Martin David , Mantziari Styliani , Demartines Nicolas , Hübner Martin ,   the ESA Study Group, Bismuth Henri , Sarr Michael G. , Strasberg Steven M. , Wexner Steven D. , Adham Mustapha , Altomare Donato F. , Andersson Roland , Bechstein Wolf , Biondo Sebastiano , Bockhorn Maximilian , Bonavina Luigi , Rituerto Daniel Casanova , Clavien Pierre‐Alain , De Manzini Nicolo , Decker George , Dejong Cornelis HC , Dervenis Christos , Farges Olivier , Figueras Joan , Fingerhut Abraham Louis , Friess Helmut , Glehen Olivier , Gnant Michael , Gutschow Christian , Hahnloser Dieter , Hamberger Bertil , Hamming Jacob Frans , Hölscher Arnulf H. , Izbicki Jakob R. , Jonas Sven , Karamarkovic Aleksandar , Kehlet Henrik , Leppäniemi Ari Kalevi , Lerut Jan , Line Pål‐Dag , Lodge J. Peter A. , Meakins Jonathan Larmonth , Montorsi Marco , Nafteux Philippe , Naredi Peter , Oláh Attila , Panis Yves , Pardo Fernando , Parks Rowan W. , Pedrazzoli Sergio , Pessaux Patrick , Marques Hugo Pinto , Poggioli Gilberto , Popescu Irinel , Puolakkainen Pauli Antero , Ramia Angel José M. , Rasanen Jari , Reynolds John Vincent , Rosati Riccardo , Saeger Hans‐Detlev , Schneeberger Stefan , Schneider Paul M. , Søreide Kjetil , Stippel Dirk , Toso Christian , Tuech Jean‐Jacques , Tukiainen Erkki Juhani , Van Hillegersberg Richard , Wijnhoven Bas , Winter Desmond C. , Zaninotto Giovanni 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundMajor surgery is a term frequently used but poorly defined. The aim of the present study was to reach a consensus in the definition of major surgery within a panel of expert surgeons from the European Surgical Association (ESA).MethodsA 3‐round Delphi process was performed. All ESA members were invited to participate in the expert panel. In round 1, experts were inquired by open‐ and closed‐ended questions on potential criteria to define major surgery. Results were analyzed and presented back anonymously to the panel within next rounds. Closed‐ended questions in round 2 and 3 were either binary or statements to be rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strong disagreement) to 5 (strong agreement). Participants were sent 3 reminders at 2‐week intervals for each round. 70% of agreement was considered to indicate consensus.ResultsOut of 305 ESA members, 67 (22%) answered all the 3 rounds. Significant comorbidities were the only preoperative factor retained to define major surgery (78%). Vascular clampage or organ ischemia (92%), high intraoperative blood loss (90%), high noradrenalin requirements (77%), long operative time (73%) and perioperative blood transfusion (70%) were procedure‐related factors that reached consensus. Regarding postoperative factors, systemic inflammatory response (76%) and the need for intensive or intermediate care (88%) reached consensus. Consequences of major surgery were high morbidity (>30% overall) and mortality (>2%).ConclusionESA experts defined major surgery according to extent and complexity of the procedure, its pathophysiological consequences and consecutive clinical outcomes.
Assessment of climate change impact over California using dynamical downscaling with a bias correction technique: method validation and analyses of summertime results
Authors: Zhao Zhan , Di Pingkuan , Chen Shu-hua , Avise Jeremy , Kaduwela Ajith , DaMassa John 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study explores climate-change influences on future air pollution-relevant meteorological variables (e.g., temperature, wind, humidity, boundary layer heights) and atmospheric phenomena (e.g., heat wave, marine air penetration, droughts) over California by the 2050s. The Community Earth System Model simulation results from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 under an emission scenario that most closely aligns with California’s climate change goals were bias-corrected with respect to North American Regional Reanalysis data to reduce biases in both the climatological mean and inter-annual variations. The bias-corrected ~ 1° × 1° meteorological fields were dynamically downscaled to a resolution of 4 km × 4 km over California using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. This study focuses on summertime results, while the analysis of wintertime results will be presented in a separate paper. Our downscaled results projected a future increase of approximately 1 K in summer mean surface temperature over California under this single future climate realization. The temperature increase is larger in the nighttime than in the daytime. Water vapor mixing ratio is also projected to increase over California and off the coast. There are discernable decreases in boundary layer heights over the mountain ranges surrounding the central valley of California, while increases in boundary layer heights are observed over other regions in California. The number and duration of heat wave events are projected to increase substantially over the most populated parts of the State. The occurrence of marine air penetration events over the northern California is also projected to increase in the future.
Mutated ATP10B increases Parkinson’s disease risk by compromising lysosomal glucosylceramide export
Authors:   The BELNEU consortium, Martin Shaun , Smolders Stefanie , Van den Haute Chris , Heeman Bavo , van Veen Sarah , Crosiers David , Beletchi Igor , Verstraeten Aline , Gossye Helena , Gelders Géraldine , Pals Philippe , Hamouda Norin Nabil , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Martin Jean-Jacques , Eggermont Jan , De Deyn Peter Paul , Cras Patrick , Baekelandt Veerle , Vangheluwe Peter , Van Broeckhoven Christine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disease presenting with a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms, loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the occurrence of α-synuclein-positive Lewy bodies in surviving neurons. Here, we performed whole exome sequencing in 52 early-onset PD patients and identified 3 carriers of compound heterozygous mutations in the ATP10B P4-type ATPase gene. Genetic screening of a Belgian PD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) cohort identified 4 additional compound heterozygous mutation carriers (6/617 PD patients, 0.97%; 1/226 DLB patients, 0.44%). We established that ATP10B encodes a late endo-lysosomal lipid flippase that translocates the lipids glucosylceramide (GluCer) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) towards the cytosolic membrane leaflet. The PD associated ATP10B mutants are catalytically inactive and fail to provide cellular protection against the environmental PD risk factors rotenone and manganese. In isolated cortical neurons, loss of ATP10B leads to general lysosomal dysfunction and cell death. Impaired lysosomal functionality and integrity is well known to be implicated in PD pathology and linked to multiple causal PD genes and genetic risk factors. Our results indicate that recessive loss of function mutations in ATP10B increase risk for PD by disturbed lysosomal export of GluCer and PC. Both ATP10B and glucocerebrosidase 1, encoded by the PD risk gene GBA1, reduce lysosomal GluCer levels, emerging lysosomal GluCer accumulation as a potential PD driver.
Immediate effects of water resistance therapy on patients with vocal fold mass lesions
Authors: Echternach Matthias , Raschka Julius , Kuranova Liudmila , Köberlein Marie , Richter Bernhard , Döllinger Michael , Kainz Marie-Anne 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Semi-occluded vocal tract exercises, such as water resistance therapy (WRT), are widely used in voice therapy. However, the potential positive effects of such a therapy on vocal fold oscillation patterns in patients indicating a need for phonomicrosurgery have not yet been explored. The presented study aims to analyze the effect of WRT in patients suffering from vocal fold mass lesions.

Materials and methods
Eight participants with vocal fold mass lesions were asked to sustain a phonation on the vowel /i/ at a comfortable loudness and a fundamental frequency of 250 Hz (females) or 125 Hz (males). During phonation the subjects were simultaneously recorded with transnasal high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV, 20.000 fps), electroglottography, and audio signals. These subjects then performed a WRT (phonation in a silicone tube of 30 cm length, 5 cm below the water surface) for 10 min. Repeated measurements of sustained phonation were performed 0, 10, and 30 min after exercising. From the HSV data the glottal area waveform (GAW) was segmented and GAW parameters were computed.

Results
During WRT there was an increase of the GAW related open quotient and closing quotient. Immediately after WRT, there was a drop of both values followed by a rise of these parameters up to 30 min after the intervention. Furthermore, there was no correlation between GAW and electroglottographical open quotients.

Conclusions
The effects observed after a single session of WRT on participants with vocal fold mass lesions showed a similar pattern to vocal fatigue.
Identification and profiling of microRNAs and differentially expressed genes during anther development between a genetic male-sterile mutant and its wildtype cotton via high-throughput RNA sequencing
Authors: Yu Dingwei , Li Libei , Wei Hengling , Yu Shuxun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGenetic male sterility (GMS) facilitates hybrid seed production in crops including cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms specifically involved in this developmental process are poorly understood. In this study, small RNA sequencing, degradome sequencing, and transcriptome sequencing were performed to analyze miRNAs and their target genes during anther development in a GMS mutant (‘Dong A’) and its fertile wildtype (WT). A total of 80 known and 220 novel miRNAs were identified, 71 of which showed differential expressions during anther development. A further degradome sequencing revealed a total of 117 candidate target genes cleaved by 16 known and 36 novel miRNAs. Based on RNA-seq, 24, 11, and 21 predicted target genes showed expression correlations with the corresponding miRNAs at the meiosis, tetrad and uninucleate stages, respectively. In addition, a large number of differentially expressed genes were identified, most of which were involved in sucrose and starch metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. The results of our study provide valuable information for further functional investigations of the important miRNAs and target genes involved in genetic male sterility and advance our understanding of miRNA regulatory functions during cotton anther development.
Multivariate Analysis of Orthogonal Range Searching and Graph Distances
Authors: Bringmann Karl , Husfeldt Thore , Magnusson Måns 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe show that the eccentricities, diameter, radius, and Wiener index of an undirected n-vertex graph with nonnegative edge lengths can be computed in time $$O(n\cdot \left( {\begin{array}{c}k+\lceil \log n\rceil \\ k\end{array}}\right) \cdot 2^k \log n)$$

O
(
n
·

k
+
⌈
log
n
⌉

k

·

2
k

log
n
)

, where k is linear in the treewidth of the graph. For every $$\epsilon >0$$

ϵ
>
0

, this bound is $$n^{1+\epsilon }\exp O(k)$$

n

1
+
ϵ

exp
O

(
k
)

, which matches a hardness result of Abboud et al. (in: Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 2016. 10.1137/1.9781611974331.ch28) and closes an open problem in the multivariate analysis of polynomial-time computation. To this end, we show that the analysis of an algorithm of Cabello and Knauer (Comput Geom 42:815–824, 2009. 10.1016/j.comgeo.2009.02.001) in the regime of non-constant treewidth can be improved by revisiting the analysis of orthogonal range searching, improving bounds of the form $$\log ^d n$$

log
d

n

to $$\left( {\begin{array}{c}d+\lceil \log n\rceil \\ d\end{array}}\right)$$

d
+
⌈
log
n
⌉

d

, as originally observed by Monier (J Algorithms 1:60–74, 1980. 10.1016/0196-6774(80)90005-X). We also investigate the parameterization by vertex cover number.
Mechanical and Volumetric Fracturing Behaviour of Three-Dimensional Printing Rock-like Samples Under Dynamic Loading
Authors: Zhou Tao , Zhu Jianbo , Xie Heping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHeterogeneous rock contains numerous pre-existing three-dimensional (3D) cracks, which control its mechanical and fracturing properties. Considerable effort has been devoted to studying the volumetric fracturing behaviour of rock under static loading conditions. Although rock masses are often subject to dynamic impacts such as earthquakes and blasting, the mechanical and volumetric fracturing behaviour of rock under dynamic loading is still poorly understood. In this paper, dynamic laboratory tests were performed on 3D-printed artificial rock samples with 3D embedded flaws created during three-dimensional printing (3DP), with the aim of studying the volumetric fracturing and mechanical properties of these samples under impact with high strain rate. The results show that the dynamic compressive strength and the tangent modulus decrease with an increasing number of flaws, but have very limited effects on the ratio of the fracture initiation stress of the first crack to the peak stress of the sample, the maximum axial strain of the sample and the volumetric fracturing behaviour of the sample. The tensile failure of a sample is caused by the continuous extension of wing cracks from the outer flaw tips. The mechanical and volumetric fracturing behaviour of samples with 3D embedded flaws are strain rate dependent. The tangential modulus and the ratio of the fracture initiation stress of the crack to the peak stress increase significantly when the loading type changes from static compression to dynamic compression. Under dynamic compression, wing cracks can continuously extend to the sample ends, whereas under static compression, wing cracks can intermittently extend only a limited distance. Moreover, the fracturing behaviour of 3D flaw differs from that of 2D flaws under dynamic loading. Under high strain rate loading, wing cracks generated at 3D flaw tips lead to splitting failure of the sample, while shear cracks formed at 2D flaw tips result predominant shear failure of the sample. The findings in this paper could facilitate a better understanding of rock failure subjected to dynamic loading conditions.