bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of chemoresistance‐related mRNAs based on gemcitabine‐resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines
Authors: Zhou Jiarong , Zhang Linshi , Zheng Huilin , Ge Wenhao , Huang Yu , Yan Yingcai , Zhou Xiaohu , Zhu Wei , Kong Yang , Ding Yuan , Wang Weilin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGemcitabine (GEM) alone and GEM‐based chemotherapy are the preferred regimens for treating advanced unresectable and metastatic pancreatic cancer (PC). However, these treatments have limited efficacy due to acquired resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy, the mechanisms of which are not fully understood. In this study, we established two stable multidrug‐resistant cell lines, BxPC‐3‐GR and CFPAC‐1‐GR, from their corresponding parental cells through exposure to GEM following a stepwise incremental dosing strategy. The GEM IC50 values of BxPC‐3‐GR and CFPAC‐1‐GR increased 112‐fold and 210‐fold, respectively, compared to parental cell lines. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that both GEM‐resistant cell subgroups declined in proliferative capacity, but were more resistant to GEM. Unlike CFPAC‐1‐GR, BxPC‐3‐GR exhibited enhanced migratory and invasive properties compared with BxPC‐3 in vitro. We also compared differentially expressed mRNA profiles between parental and GEM‐resistant cells using transcriptome sequencing. RRM1, STIM1, and TRIM21 were significantly upregulated in both GEM‐resistant cell lines and confirmed to be associated with the degree of GEM resistance by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. These three genes were more highly expressed in PC tissues and potentially regarded as prognostic biomarkers through database mining. Thus, our findings provide chemo‐resistant cell models to better understand the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance, and to explore potential biomarkers for GEM response in PC patients.
A Thermodynamic Approach for Selection of Anodizing Electrolytes in Aluminium‐Holmium System
Authors: Shahzad Khurram , Mardare Cezarina Cela , Mardare Andrei Ionut , Hassel Achim Walter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, an approach is described for the electrolyte selection to grow optimally anodic films on thermally co‐evaporated aluminium and holmium combinatorial alloys. This method based on thermodynamic and electrochemical principles proves that electrolyte selection for anodizing of alloys having different microstructures and electrochemical behaviour of individual constituents can be decided by superimposing potential‐pHdiagrams of individual constituents of the alloy. For the application of this approach, the most widely investigated valve metal, aluminium, and a non‐valve metal rare earth, holmium, have been chosen as a model case. Based on self‐constructedEh‐pHdiagrams and solubility data, suitable electrolytes andpHrange leading to the formation of barrier‐type anodic films on aluminium and holmium as well as on their alloys are proposed.
Reduced Lithium/Nickel Disorder Degree of Sodium‐Doped Lithium‐Rich Layered Oxides for Cathode Materials: Experiments and Calculations
Authors: Hu Yongyuan , Qin Zhongzheng , Pei Jian , Cong Bowen , Yang Xu , Chen Gang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSluggish kinetics and poor electrochemical stability limit the implications of Li‐rich layered oxide cathode materials, which are regarded as one of the most promising potential cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. In this work, a Na‐doped Li‐rich layered oxide (abbreviated as N‐LLO) cathode material is prepared through co‐precipitation combined with calcination. During the annealing process, partial Li2CO3 is substituted by Na2CO3, which helps to optimize the primary particles and realize Na doping. The obtained N‐LLO cathode exhibits a greater specific capacity and excellent rate performance. The characterization and DFT calculations suggest that the doped Na ions could reduce the formation of Li/Ni disorder defects, change local bond length, and enlarge Li interslab spacing conducive to Li‐ion diffusion, improving the rate performance.
Modified PCA and PLS: Towards a better classification in Raman spectroscopy–based biological applications
Authors: Guo Shuxia , Rösch Petra , Popp Jürgen , Bocklitz Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRaman spectra of biological samples often exhibit variations originating from changes of spectrometers, measurement conditions, and cultivation conditions. Such unwanted variations make a classification extremely challenging, especially if they are more significant compared with the differences between groups to be separated. A classifier is prone to such unwanted variations (ie, intragroup variations) and can fail to learn the patterns that can help separate different groups (ie, intergroup differences). This often leads to a poor generalization performance and a degraded transferability of the trained model. A natural solution is to separate the intragroup variations from the intergroup differences and build the classifier based on merely the latter information, for example, by a well‐designed feature extraction. This forms the idea of this contribution. Herein, we modified two commonly applied feature extraction approaches, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS), in order to extract merely the features representing the intergroup differences. Both of the methods were verified with two Raman spectral datasets measured from bacterial cultures and colon tissues of mice, respectively. In comparison to ordinary PCA and PLS, the modified PCA was able to improve the prediction on the testing data that bears significant difference to the training data, while the modified PLS could help avoid overfitting and lead to a more stable classification.
Perioperative care of the geriatric patient for noncardiac surgery
Authors: Wolfe Jonathan D. , Wolfe Natasha K. , Rich Michael W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAdults age 65 and over are the fastest growing segment of the population in the United States and around the world. As the size of this population expands, the number of older adults referred for surgical procedures will continue to increase. Due to the physiologic changes of aging and the increased frequency of comorbidities, older adults are at increased risk for adverse outcomes, and perioperative care is inherently more complex than in younger individuals. In this review, we discuss the physiologic changes of aging relevant to the surgical patient, comprehensive preoperative assessment, and postoperative management of common complications in older adults in order to promote optimal clinical outcomes both perioperatively and long‐term.
Respiratory support in acute heart failure with preserved vs reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Metkus Thomas S. , Stephens Robert Scott , Schulman Steven , Hsu Steven , Morrow David A. , Eid Shaker M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is little evidence addressing the use and differential impact of respiratory support in acute heart failure (AHF) patients with preserved (HFPEF) vs reduced (HFREF) ejection fraction. Therefore, our objective was to determine the usage and clinical outcomes of critical care respiratory support in AHF across the two populations.HypothesisRespiratory support would be associated with adverse outcome in both HFPEF and HFREF.MethodsWe identified HFPEF, HFREF, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) using International Classification of Disease‐Ninth Edition codes in the National Inpatient Sample between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2014. We determined rates of IMV and NIV use. We identified predictors of need for IMV and NIV and the association between ventilation strategies and in‐hospital mortality in HFPEF vs HFREF.Results1.3 million AHF‐HFPEF and 1.7 million AHF‐HFREF hospitalizations were included; 5.98% of AHF HFPEF hospitalizations included NIV and 0.57% included IMV. Among HFREF hospitalizations, fewer (4.1%) included NIV and more (0.93%) included IMV. In HFPEF hospitalization, NIV use was associated with 2.24‐fold increased risk for death compared to no respiratory support in an adjusted model (HR 2.24 95% CI 2.05‐2.44) and IMV use was associated with 2.85‐fold increased risk for death (HR 2.85 95% CI 2.30‐3.53). This increased risk of in‐hospital mortality was similar among HFREF patients.ConclusionsUse of respiratory support is increasing among patients with both HFPEF and HFREF and associated with substantially increased mortality in both heart failure subtypes.
Efficacy and safety of trabectedin for patients with unresectable and relapsed soft‐tissue sarcoma in Japan: A Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group study
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Iwata Shintaro , Wakamatsu Toru , Hayakawa Keiko , Yonemoto Tsukasa , Wasa Junji , Oka Hiroyuki , Ueda Takafumi , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundAlthough initial trabectedin (1.2 mg/m2) is safe and effective for patients with translocation‐related sarcoma (TRS) in Japan, its efficacy in other types of soft‐tissue sarcomas (STSs) remains unknown. This study retrospectively investigated its efficacy and safety through postmarketing surveillance of trabectedin in patients with unresectable and relapsed STS.MethodsOne hundred forty patients received intravenous trabectedin (1.2 mg/m2 on day 1 every 21 days) over the course of 24 hours. The primary endpoint was the efficacy and safety of trabectedin.ResultsGrade 3 or higher adverse events occurred in 100 patients (71%) and included hepatotoxicity (37.8%), neutropenia (32.8%), and rhabdomyolysis (3.6%). Patients at high risk for grade 3 or higher rhabdomyolysis (36%) were classified by height (≥170.3 cm) and age (≤32 years) through a classification and regression tree model (area under the curve, 0.9). The overall median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 3.7 months; with respect to the histological type, the median PFS was 17.4 months for myxoid liposarcoma, 4.9 months for leiomyosarcoma, 5.6 months for synovial sarcoma, and 3.7 months for dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Histological type (liposarcoma/leiomyosarcoma [L‐sarcoma] and TRS) and grade 3 neutropenia (but not grade 4) were associated with significantly improved PFS after trabectedin treatment (P = .003, P = .04, and P = .001). The median growth modulation index (GMI) was 0.91; 37 patients (36.7%) experienced a GMI > 1.33, and among patients with solitary fibrous tumors and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, 60% and 42.9%, respectively, had a GMI > 1.33. The median overall survival (OS) was 16.4 months. A GMI > 1.33 was associated with significantly improved OS (P = .0006).ConclusionsInitial trabectedin at 1.2 mg/m2 has clinically meaningful benefits for patients with L‐sarcoma and certain histological subtypes of TRS.
A comparison of colour appearance for surface colours between outdoor and indoor environments
Authors: Ou Li‐Chen , Liang Ya‐Chen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPsychophysical experiments of colour appearance, in terms of lightness, colourfulness, and hue, were conducted outdoors and indoors to investigate whether there was any difference in colour appearance between outdoor and indoor environments. A panel of 10 observers participated in the outdoor experiment, while 13 observers took part in the indoor experiment. The reference white had an average luminance of 12784 cd/m2 in the outdoor experiment and 129 cd/m2 in the indoor experiment. Test colours included 42 colour patches selected from the Practical Coordinate Color System to achieve a reasonable uniform distribution of samples in CIECAM02. Experimental results show that for both outdoor and indoor environments, there was good agreement between visual data and predicted values by CIECAM02 for the three colour appearance scales, with the coefficient of variation values all lower than 25 and the R2 values all higher than 0.73, indicating little difference in the three dimensions of colour appearance between indoor and outdoor viewing conditions. Experimental data also suggest that the observers were more sensitive to variation in lightness for grayish colours than for highly saturated colours, a phenomenon that seems to relate with the Helmholtz‐Kohlrausch effect. This phenomenon was modeled for predicting perceived lightness (J′) using the present experimental data. The new J′ model was tested using three extra sets of visual data obtained both outdoors and indoors, showing good predictive performance of the new model, with an average coefficient of variation of 14, an average R2 of 0.88, and an average STRESS index of 14.18.
CD15, CD30, and PAX5 evaluation in Hodgkin's lymphoma on fine‐needle aspiration cytology samples
Authors: Cozzolino Immacolata , Vitagliano Giulio , Caputo Alessandro , Montella Marco , Franco Renato , Ciancia Giuseppe , Selleri Carmine , Zeppa Pio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe phenotypical identification of diagnostic cells is crucial for the diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) on fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The aim of this study is to evaluate the immunocytochemical (ICC) expression of CD30, CD15, and PAX5 in Hodgkin's cells (HC) and Reed‐Sternberg cells (RSC) on smears and cell‐blocks (CB) of HL and to compare the performance of each antibody on smears and CB.MethodsIn 21 FNAC cases of histologically confirmed classical HL, ICC identification of HC and RSC was performed using CD15, CD30, and PAX5 on smears and CB, respectively.ResultsCD30 was positive in 19/21 cases (90.5%; 11/11 smears and 8/10 CB), CD15 was positive in 14/21 cases (66.7%; 5/11 smears and 9/10 CB), and PAX5 was positive in 13/21 cases (61.9%; 9/11 smears and 4/10CB).ConclusionsCD15, CD30, and PAX5 are useful to the FNAC identification of HC and RSC. CD30 is the most sensitive, followed by CD15 and PAX5, which are more effective on CB and smears, respectively.
Climatic and vegetational drivers of insect beta diversity at the continental scale
Authors: Chesters Douglas , Beckschäfer Philip , Orr Michael C. , Adamowicz Sarah J. , Chun Kwok‐Pan , Zhu Chao‐Dong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimWe construct a framework for mapping pattern and drivers of insect diversity at the continental scale and use it to test whether and which environmental gradients drive insect beta diversity.LocationGlobal; North and Central America; Western Europe.Time period21st century.Major taxa studiedInsects.MethodsAn informatics system was developed to integrate terrestrial data on insects with environmental parameters. We mined repositories of data for distribution, climatic data were retrieved (WorldClim), and vegetation parameters inferred from remote sensing analysis (MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields). Beta diversity between sites was calculated and then modeled with two methods, Mantel test with multiple regression and generalized dissimilarity modeling.ResultsGeographic distance was the main driver of insect beta diversity. Independent of geographic distance, bioclimate variables explained more variance in dissimilarity than vegetation variables, although the particular variables found to be significant were more consistent in the latter, particularly, tree cover. Tree cover gradients drove compositional dissimilarity at denser coverages, in both continental case studies. For climate, gradients in temperature parameters were significant in driving beta diversity more so than gradients in precipitation parameters.Main conclusionsAlthough environmental gradients drive insect beta diversity independently of geography, the relative contribution of different climatic and vegetational parameters is not expected to be consistent in different study systems. With further incorporation of additional temporal information and variables, this approach will enable the development of a predictive framework for conserving insect biodiversity at the global scale.
Drug discovery and treatment paradigms in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Noureddin Mazen , Muthiah Mark D. , Sanyal Arun J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in western populations, and is closely associated with features of the metabolic syndrome. The burden of disease is set to rise exponentially, and this is further compounded by the lack of good medications. In addition, these patients tend to have multiple comorbidities that may not be adequately managed. In this article, we review the biological basis of potential therapies in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the current drugs being tested in clinical trials, as well some practical considerations in managing patients in the clinic.
Impact of diabetes on mortality and rehospitalization in acute heart failure patients stratified by ejection fraction
Authors: Al‐Jarallah Mohammed , Rajan Rajesh , Al‐Zakwani Ibrahim , Dashti Raja , Bulbanat Bassam , Ridha Mustafa , Sulaiman Kadhim , Alsheikh‐Ali Alawi A. , Panduranga Prashanth , AlHabib Khalid F. , Al Suwaidi Jassim , Al‐Mahmeed Wael , AlFaleh Hussam , Elasfar Abdelfatah , Al‐Motarreb Ahmed , Bazargani Nooshin , Asaad Nidal , Amin Haitham 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to determine the impact of diabetes mellitus on all‐cause mortality and rehospitalization rates at 3 months and at 1 year in patients admitted with acute heart failure (AHF) stratified by left ventricular ejection fraction (EF).Methods and resultsWe analysed consecutive patients admitted to 47 hospitals in seven Middle Eastern countries (Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Bahrain) with AHF from February to November 2012 with AHF who were enrolled in Gulf CARE, a multinational registry of patients with heart failure (HF). AHF patients were stratified into three groups: HF patients with reduced (EF) (HFrEF) (<40%), HF with mid‐range EF (HFmrEF) (40–49%), and HF patients with preserved EF (HFpEF) (≥50%). Analyses were performed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. The mean age of the cohort was 59 ± 15 years (ranging from 18 to 99 years), and 63% (n = 2887) of the patients were males. A total of 2258 (49%) AHF patients had diabetes mellitus. The mean EF was 37 ± 14%. A reduced EF was observed in 2683 patients (59%), whereas 962 patients (21%) had mid‐range and 932 patients (20%) had preserved EF. Multivariable analyses demonstrated no significant differences in all‐cause mortality between diabetics and non‐diabetics in all the three types of HF; at 3 months follow‐up: HFrEF [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94–1.80; P = 0.119], HFmrEF (aOR, 0.98; 95% CI: 0.51–1.87; P = 0.952), and HFpEF (aOR, 0.69; 95% CI: 0.38–1.26; P = 0.225); and at 12‐months follow‐up: HFrEF (aOR, 1.25; 95% CI: 0.97–1.62; P = 0.080), HFmrEF (aOR, 1.07; 95% CI: 0.68–1.68; P = 0.783), and HFpEF (aOR, 1.07; 95% CI: 0.67–1.72; P = 0.779). There were also no significant differences in rehospitalization rates between diabetics and non‐diabetics in all the three types of HF; at 3 months follow‐up: HFrEF (aOR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.74–1.19; P = 0.581), HFmrEF (aOR, 0.82; 95% CI: 0.53–1.26; P = 0.369), and HFpEF (aOR, 1.06; 95% CI: 0.64–1.78; P = 0.812); and at 12‐months follow‐up: HFrEF (aOR, 0.93; 95% CI: 0.73–1.17; P = 0.524), HFmrEF (aOR, 0.81; 95% CI: 0.56–1.17; P = 0.257), and HFpEF (aOR, 1.29; 95% CI: 0.82–2.05; P = 0.271).ConclusionsThere were no significant differences in 3 and 12 months all‐cause mortality as well as rehospitalization rates between diabetics and non‐diabetic patients in all the three types of AHF patients stratified by left ventricular ejection fraction.
Type 2 diabetes increases the long‐term risk of heart failure and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Polovina Marija , Lund Lars H. , Đikić Dijana , Petrović‐Đorđević Ivana , Krljanac Gordana , Milinković Ivan , Veljić Ivana , Piepoli Massimo F. , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Ristić Arsen D. , Ašanin Milika , Seferović Petar M. 
Published: December 2019

AimsImpact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on non‐thromboembolic outcomes in atrial fibrillation (AF) is insufficiently explored. This prospective cohort study of AF patients aimed (i) to analyse the association between T2DM and heart failure (HF) events (including new‐onset HF), and all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality, (ii) to assess the impact of baseline T2DM treatment on outcomes, and (iii) to explore characteristics of new‐onset HF phenotypes in relation to T2DM status.Methods and resultsOf 1803 AF patients (515/1288, with/without prior HF), 389 (22%) had T2DM at baseline. After 5 years of median follow‐up, T2DM patients had an 85% greater risk of HF events [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51–2.28; P < 0.001], including a 45% increased risk for new‐onset HF (1.45; 1.17–2.28; P = 0.015). T2DM conferred a 56% higher all‐cause (1.56, 1.22–2.01; P = 0.003) and a 48% higher cardiovascular mortality (1.48; 1.34–1.93; P = 0.007). Fine–Gray analysis, with mortality as a competing risk, confirmed greater HF risk among T2DM patients. All risks were highest among insulin‐treated patients. The prevalence of new‐onset HF phenotypes was as follows: 67% preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), 20% mid‐range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and 13% reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). On time‐dependent Cox regression, adjusted for baseline characteristics and an interim acute coronary event, T2DM increased aHRs for new‐onset HFpEF (2.38; 1.30–4.58; P <0.001) and the combined HFmrEF/HFrEF (1.77; 1.11–3.62; P = 0.017).ConclusionsAtrial fibrillation patients with T2DM have independently increased risk of new‐onset/recurrent HF events, cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality, particularly when insulin‐treated. The prevailing phenotype of new‐onset HF was HFpEF; T2DM conferred higher risk of both HFpEF and HFmrEF/HFrEF.
Limonene, the compound in essential oil of nutmeg displayed antioxidant effect in sunflower oil during the deep‐frying of Chinese Maye
Authors: Wang Dongying , Dong Ying , Wang Qing , Wang Xuede , Fan Wenchang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe deep‐frying process for plenty of fried products using vegetable oils needs safe and effective antioxidants. In the present exploration, the nutmeg essential oil (NEO) was employed as a potential antioxidant for sunflower oil during the deep‐frying of Chinese Maye at 180°C for 30 hr. In the comparative study, the additions for NEO at 0.12 g/kg, TBHQ at 0.12 g/kg, BHA at 0.08 g/kg, and BHT at 0.08 g/kg to sunflower oil were able to obviously improve its oxidative stability during the deep‐frying process, and their antioxidant effects were in the relative order: TBHQ at 0.12 g/kg > NEO at 0.12 g/kg > BHA at 0.08 g/kg > BHT at 0.08 g/kg (p < .05). Besides, NEO at 0.12 g/kg could markedly ameliorate the sensory properties including flavor, taste, crispness, and overall acceptability of the fried products, Chinese Maye (p < .05 or p < .01). In addition, using antioxidant activity‐guided fractionation, three active compounds including limonene, terpinolene, and geranyl acetate were isolated from NEO. Among them, limonene was demonstrated to not only significantly increase the oxidative stability of sunflower oil in the deep‐frying process, but also significantly increase the sensory properties of the fried products, Chinese Maye (p < .05 or p < .01). Consequently, limonene could be employed as antioxidants in sunflower oil for the deep‐frying of Chinese Maye, and the sunflower oil flavored by NEO could be used as frying oils for its oxidative stability and unique flavor.