bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injury incidence and burden in a youth elite football academy: a four-season prospective study of 551 players aged from under 9 to under 19 years
Authors: Materne Olivier , Chamari Karim , Farooq Abdulaziz , Weir Adam , Hölmich Per , Bahr Roald , Greig Matt , McNaughton Lars R 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveInvestigate the incidence and burden of injuries by age group in youth football (soccer) academy players during four consecutive seasons.MethodsAll injuries that caused time-loss or required medical attention (as per consensus definitions) were prospectively recorded in 551 youth football players from under 9 years to under 19 years. Injury incidence (II) and burden (IB) were calculated as number of injuries per squad season (s-s), as well as for type, location and age groups.ResultsA total of 2204 injuries were recorded. 40% (n=882) required medical attention and 60% (n=1322) caused time-loss. The total time-loss was 25 034 days. A squad of 25 players sustained an average of 30 time-loss injuries (TLI) per s-s with an IB of 574 days lost per s-s. Compared with the other age groups, U-16 players had the highest TLI incidence per s-s (95% CI lower-upper): II= 59 (52 to 67); IB=992 days; (963 to 1022) and U-18 players had the greatest burden per s-s: II= 42.1 (36.1 to 49.1); IB= 1408 days (1373 to 1444). Across the cohort of players, contusions (II=7.7/s-s), sprains (II=4.9/s-s) and growth-related injuries (II=4.3/s-s) were the most common TLI. Meniscus/cartilage injuries had the greatest injury severity (95% CI lower-upper): II= 0.4 (0.3 to 0.7), IB= 73 days (22 to 181). The burden (95% CI lower-upper) of physeal fractures (II= 0.8; 0.6 to 1.2; IB= 58 days; 33 to 78) was double than non-physeal fractures.SummaryAt this youth football academy, each squad of 25 players averaged 30 injuries per season which resulted in 574 days lost. The highest incidence of TLI occurred in under-16 players, while the highest IB occurred in under-18 players.
Venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 and correlation with D-dimers: a single-centre experience
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ziaullah , Jamal Yousaf , Sutton Benjamin , Rauf Farrukh 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo study the frequency of venous thromboembolism in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and correlation with the D-dimers and thromboprophylaxis.DesignCross-sectional descriptive study.Place and duration of studyQueen Elizabeth Hospital, 20 April 2020–13 May 2020.Patients and methodsOne hundred and seven (n=107) patients of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, between 20 April 2020 and 13 May 2020 were included in the study using consecutive sampling. Data were collected using the Excel audit tool and included age, gender, weight, estimated eGFR, D-dimer values on admission, intensive care unit admission, presence of respiratory failure, imaging results for evaluation of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and anticoagulation received on admission. The data were entered in the SPSS (V.17) and were analysed. Data were summarised as means±SD, number or percentage as appropriate. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe frequency of VTE was found to be 11.2% in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 pneumonia. The mean D-dimers were 3322.24 ng/mL±9603 ng/mL with the values significantly higher for patients with VTE and those requiring intensive care unit admission. All of the seven patients (100%) with D-dimers value above 2000 ng/mL who underwent imaging were found to have VTE.ConclusionVTE is frequent in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia despite anticoagulation. A higher D-dimers value correlates well with the risk of VTE in these patients and further evaluation of such patients for VTE is necessary especially with D-dimers values above 2000 ng/mL.
Canadian College of Medical Geneticists (CCMG) points to consider: resuming genetic services in a pandemic—a summary
Authors: Chad Lauren , Dawson Angelika J , Goh Elaine Suk-Ying 
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the provision of genetic care in Canada. With the public health effort to flatten the curve, many clinics have moved to virtual care for select populations of patients while triaging and postponing others. As genetic services are asked to gradually resume, a roadmap is needed to ensure clinical care decisions for at-risk patients are transparent and equitable, that postponed care is resumed and that patients with or waiting for a genetic diagnosis are not disproportionately affected or abandoned.The purpose of this document is to highlight the guiding ethical principles and stakeholder considerations in resuming genetic services to help guide the competing needs going forward of both limiting exposures while maintaining high-quality care. Considerations highlighted are (1) environment of practice, (2) nature of consult, (3) patient factors, (4) provider factors, and (5) laboratory factors. The intended users are those providing genetic care in a Canadian context with the recognition that there are clinic-specific and regional variations that will influence decision-making. While specific to the Canadian context, the ethical principles used to guide these decisions would be relevant for consideration in other jurisdictions.
Chapter 4 Depositional geometry at selected locations around the basin
Authors: Wilson A. O. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter includes 11 cross-sections and one well log profile to show the depositional geometry and setting in specific areas around the basin: the Saudi Arabia outcrop belt; the Rimthan Arch; and the eastern and central areas of the intrashelf basin in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Abu Dhabi and Oman. These cross-sections are used to demonstrate the similarity and degree of continuity of the upper Dhruma Formation, the Tuwaiq Mountain Formation, the source rock, the Hanifa, Jubaila–Arab and Arab–Hith formations and depositional sequences in these different locations in the basin. They show the manner in which the underlying platform formed, the rim developed, the source rock was deposited and the basin progressively filled. The blanket deposition of the Arab-D anhydrite was followed by the Arab-C to Arab-A and Hith carbonate and evaporite sequences. The cross-sections provide the framework used in subsequent chapters to make a series of facies maps and other interpretative diagrams and cross-sections that summarize and, for some intervals, revise the interpretation of the settings and geological events that formed the Arabian Intrashelf Basin.
On Topological Descriptors of Certain Metal-Organic Frameworks
Authors: Xu Peng , Azeem Mehran , Izhar Muhammad Mubashir , Shah Syed Mazhar , Binyamin Muhammad Ahsan , Aslam Adnan 
Published: November 2020

Topological indices are numerical numbers that represent the topology of a molecule and are calculated from the graphical depiction of the molecule. The importance of topological indices is due to their use as descriptors in QSPR/QSAR modeling. QSPRs (quantitative structure-property relationships) and QSARs (quantitative structure-activity relationships) are mathematical correlations between a specified molecular property or biological activity and one or more physicochemical and/or molecular structural properties. In this paper, we give explicit expressions of some degree-based topological indices of two classes of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), namely, butylated hydroxytoluene- (BHT-) based metal-organic (

M
=
Co

, Fe, Mn, Cr) (MBHT) frameworks and

M

1

TPyP
−

M

2

(TPyP =

5,10,15,20

-tetrakis(4-pyridyl)porphyrin and

M

1

,

M

2

= Fe and Co) MOFs.
Randomized Phase II and Biomarker Study of Pembrolizumab plus Bevacizumab versus Pembrolizumab Alone for Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma
Authors: Nayak Lakshmi , Molinaro Annette M. , Peters Katherine , Clarke Jennifer L. , Jordan Justin T. , de Groot John , Nghiemphu Leia , Kaley Thomas , Colman Howard , McCluskey Christine , Gaffey Sarah , Smith Timothy R. , Cote David J. , Severgnini Mariano , Yearley Jennifer H. , Zhao Qing , Blumenschein Wendy M. , Duda Dan G. , Muzikansky Alona , Jain Rakesh K. , Wen Patrick Y. , Reardon David A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
VEGF is upregulated in glioblastoma and may contribute to immunosuppression. We performed a phase II study of pembrolizumab alone or with bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma.

Patients and Methods:
Eighty bevacizumab-naïve patients with recurrent glioblastoma were randomized to pembrolizumab with bevacizumab (cohort A, n = 50) or pembrolizumab monotherapy (cohort B, n = 30). The primary endpoint was 6-month progression-free survival (PFS-6). Assessed biomarkers included evaluation of tumor programmed death-ligand 1 expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density, immune activation gene expression signature, and plasma cytokines. The neurologic assessment in neuro-oncology (NANO) scale was used to prospectively assess neurologic function.

Results:
Pembrolizumab alone or with bevacizumab was well tolerated but of limited benefit. For cohort A, PFS-6 was 26.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 16.3–41.5], median overall survival (OS) was 8.8 months (95% CI, 7.7–14.2), objective response rate (ORR) was 20%, and median duration of response was 48 weeks. For cohort B, PFS-6 was 6.7% (95% CI, 1.7–25.4), median OS was 10.3 months (95% CI, 8.5–12.5), and ORR was 0%. Tumor immune markers were not associated with OS, but worsened OS correlated with baseline dexamethasone use and increased posttherapy plasma VEGF (cohort A) and mutant IDH1, unmethylated MGMT, and increased baseline PlGF and sVEGFR1 levels (cohort B). The NANO scale contributed to overall outcome assessment.

Conclusions:
Pembrolizumab was ineffective as monotherapy and with bevacizumab for recurrent glioblastoma. The infrequent radiographic responses to combinatorial therapy were durable. Tumor immune biomarkers did not predict outcome. Baseline dexamethasone use and tumor MGMT warrant further study as potential biomarkers in glioblastoma immunotherapy trials.
Regulation of CEACAM5 and Therapeutic Efficacy of an Anti-CEACAM5–SN38 Antibody–drug Conjugate in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
Authors: DeLucia Diana C. , Cardillo Thomas M. , Ang Lisa , Labrecque Mark P. , Zhang Ailin , Hopkins James E. , De Sarkar Navonil , Coleman Ilsa , da Costa Rui M. Gil , Corey Eva , True Lawrence D. , Haffner Michael C. , Schweizer Michael T. , Morrissey Colm , Nelson Peter S. , Lee John K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive form of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) for which effective therapies are lacking. We previously identified carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) as a promising NEPC cell surface antigen. Here we investigated the scope of CEACAM5 expression in end-stage prostate cancer, the basis for CEACAM5 enrichment in NEPC, and the therapeutic potential of the CEACAM5 antibody–drug conjugate labetuzumab govitecan in prostate cancer.

Experimental Design:
The expression of CEACAM5 and other clinically relevant antigens was characterized by multiplex immunofluorescence of a tissue microarray comprising metastatic tumors from 34 lethal metastatic CRPC (mCRPC) cases. A genetically defined neuroendocrine transdifferentiation assay of prostate cancer was developed to evaluate mechanisms of CEACAM5 regulation in NEPC. The specificity and efficacy of labetuzumab govitecan was determined in CEACAM5+ prostate cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenografts models.

Results:
CEACAM5 expression was enriched in NEPC compared with other mCRPC subtypes and minimally overlapped with prostate-specific membrane antigen, prostate stem cell antigen, and trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 expression. We focused on a correlation between the expression of the pioneer transcription factor ASCL1 and CEACAM5 to determine that ASCL1 can drive neuroendocrine reprogramming of prostate cancer which is associated with increased chromatin accessibility of the CEACAM5 core promoter and CEACAM5 expression. Labetuzumab govitecan induced DNA damage in CEACAM5+ prostate cancer cell lines and marked antitumor responses in CEACAM5+ CRPC xenograft models including chemotherapy-resistant NEPC.

Conclusions:
Our findings provide insights into the scope and regulation of CEACAM5 expression in prostate cancer and strong support for clinical studies of labetuzumab govitecan for NEPC.
COVID-19 and Sepsis Are Associated With Different Abnormalities in Plasma Procoagulant and Fibrinolytic Activity
Authors: Bouck Emma G. , Denorme Frederik , Holle Lori A. , Middelton Elizabeth A. , Blair Antoinette M. , de Laat Bas , Schiffman Joshua D. , Yost Christian Con , Rondina Matthew T. , Wolberg Alisa S. , Campbell Robert A. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with derangement in biomarkers of coagulation and endothelial function and has been likened to the coagulopathy of sepsis. However, clinical laboratory metrics suggest key differences in these pathologies. We sought to determine whether plasma coagulation and fibrinolytic potential in patients with COVID-19 differ compared with healthy donors and critically ill patients with sepsis.

Approach and Results:
We performed comparative studies on plasmas from a single-center, cross-sectional observational study of 99 hospitalized patients (46 with COVID-19 and 53 with sepsis) and 18 healthy donors. We measured biomarkers of endogenous coagulation and fibrinolytic activity by immunoassays, thrombin, and plasmin generation potential by fluorescence and fibrin formation and lysis by turbidity. Compared with healthy donors, patients with COVID-19 or sepsis both had elevated fibrinogen, d-dimer, soluble TM (thrombomodulin), and plasmin-antiplasmin complexes. Patients with COVID-19 had increased thrombin generation potential despite prophylactic anticoagulation, whereas patients with sepsis did not. Plasma from patients with COVID-19 also had increased endogenous plasmin potential, whereas patients with sepsis showed delayed plasmin generation. The collective perturbations in plasma thrombin and plasmin generation permitted enhanced fibrin formation in both COVID-19 and sepsis. Unexpectedly, the lag times to thrombin, plasmin, and fibrin formation were prolonged with increased disease severity in COVID-19, suggesting a loss of coagulation-initiating mechanisms accompanies severe COVID-19.

Conclusions:
Both COVID-19 and sepsis are associated with endogenous activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, but these diseases differently impact plasma procoagulant and fibrinolytic potential. Dysregulation of procoagulant and fibrinolytic pathways may uniquely contribute to the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and sepsis.
Characteristics of Patients With Arrhythmogenic Left Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Casella Michela , Gasperetti Alessio , Sicuso Rita , Conte Edoardo , Catto Valentina , Sommariva Elena , Bergonti Marco , Vettor Giulia , Rizzo Stefania , Pompilio Giulio , Andreini Daniele , Saguner Ardan Muammer , Duru Firat , Natale Andrea , Thiene Gaetano , Basso Cristina , Dello Russo Antonio , Tondo Claudio 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy (ALVC) is an under-characterized phenotype of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy involving the LV ab initio. ALVC was not included in the 2010 International Task Force Criteria for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy diagnosis and data regarding this phenotype are scarce.

Methods:
Clinical characteristics were reported from all consecutive patients diagnosed with ALVC, defined as a LV isolated late gadolinium enhancement and fibro-fatty replacement at cardiac magnetic resonance plus genetic variants associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and of an endomyocardial biopsy showing fibro-fatty replacement complying with the 2010 International Task Force Criteria in the LV.

Results:
Twenty-five patients ALVC (53 [48–59] years, 60% male) were enrolled. T wave inversion in infero-lateral and left precordial leads were the most common ECG abnormalities. Overall arrhythmic burden at study inclusion was 56%. Cardiac magnetic resonance showed LV late gadolinium enhancement in the LV lateral and posterior basal segments in all patients. In 72% of the patients an invasive evaluation was performed, in which electroanatomical voltage mapping and electroanatomical voltage mapping-guided endomyocardial biopsy showed low endocardial voltages and fibro-fatty replacement in areas of late gadolinium enhancement presence. Genetic variants in desmosomal genes (desmoplakin and desmoglein-2) were identified in 12/25 of the cohort presenting pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants. A definite/borderline 2010 International Task Force Criteria arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy diagnosis was reached only in 11/25 patients.

Conclusions:
ALVC presents with a preferential involvement of the lateral and postero-lateral basal LV and is associated mostly with variants in desmoplakin and desmoglein-2 genes. An amendment to the current International Task Force Criteria is reasonable to better diagnose patients with ALVC.
Metaphysics of Muhammad
Authors: Andani Khalil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study analyzes the development of the theme of the “Light of Muḥammad” (al-nūr al-Muḥammadī) or the “Muḥammadan Reality” (al-ḥaqīqa al-Muḥammadiyya) among several Shiʿi and Sufi thinkers through the seventh/thirteenth century. These thinkers include Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq (d. 148/765), Sahl al-Tustarī (d. 283/896), the Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ (early to mid 4th/10th century), the Ismaili dāʿīs Abū Yaʿqūb al-Sijistānī (d. after 361/971) and Ḥamīd al-Dīn al-Kirmānī (d. after 411/1020), Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī (d. 505/1111) and ʿAyn al-Quḍāt (d. 526/1131), Ibn al-ʿArabī (d. 638/1240), ʿAbd al-Karīm al-Shahrastānī (d. 548/1153), and Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (d. 672/1274). I argue that the “Light of Muḥammad” as a theological and metaphysical idea evolved historically through three distinct but cumulative phases of conceptualization: mytho-cosmological narrative, Neoplatonization, and ontological theophanization. Through these developments, the theological status of the Light of Muḥammad underwent a gradual but decisive shift from being reckoned as the first spiritual creation of God in the early period to being revered as the ontological self-manifestation of God in later periods.
Analysis Hadith Al-Ṯurāyya Dan Kaitannya Dengan COVID-19
Authors: Ramle Muhamad Rozaimi , Mohamad Mohd Yusof 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
COVID-19 has been declared as a global pandemic by World Health Organisation (WHO). Certain Muslims associated the emergence of Al-Ṯurāyya with the fading of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This article aimed to discuss the text and context of the Hadith Al-Ṯurāyya (الثُريَّـــــــــــا) and its link to the termination of COVID-19. Classical and contemporary scholars’ opinions were analysed in this study. The methodology used involved inductive and deductive supplemented with critical analysis determining the most appropriate opinion on this matter. Further empirical study of the visibility of Al-Ṯurāyya in the Islamic history were analysed using Stellarium Astronomy Software 0.20.0. The findings of the study revealed that the hadith refers to the disappearance of disease pertaining to fruits and crops and not to related to the end of any pandemic. Additionally, the rise of Al-Ṯurāyya showed no connection with pandemic termination in the Islamic history. In conclusion, the claim that COVID-19 will disappear with the emergence of Al-Ṯurāyya can be rejected.
Land–Atmosphere Coupling Sensitivity to GCMs Resolution: A Multimodel Assessment of Local and Remote Processes in the Sahel Hot Spot
Authors: Müller Omar V. , Vidale Pier Luigi , Vannière Benoît , Schiemann Reinhard , Senan Retish , Haarsma Reindert J. , Jungclaus Johann H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLand–atmosphere interactions are often interpreted as local effects, whereby the soil state drives local atmospheric conditions and feedbacks originate. However, nonlocal mechanisms can significantly modulate land–atmosphere exchanges and coupling. We make use of GCMs at different resolutions (low ~1° and high ~0.25°) to separate the two contributions to coupling: better represented local processes versus the influence of improved large-scale circulation. We use a two-legged metric, complemented by a process-based assessment of four CMIP6 GCMs. Our results show that weakening, strengthening, and relocation of coupling hot spots occur at high resolution globally. The northward expansion of the Sahel hot spot, driven by nonlocal mechanisms, is the most notable change. The African easterly jet’s horizontal wind shear is enhanced in JJA due to better resolved orography at high resolution. This effect, combined with enhanced easterly moisture flux, favors the development of African easterly waves over the Sahel. More precipitation and soil moisture recharge produce strengthening of the coupling, where evapotranspiration remains controlled by soil moisture, and weakening where evapotranspiration depends on atmospheric demand. In SON, the atmospheric influence is weaker, but soil memory helps to maintain the coupling between soil moisture and evapotranspiration and the relocation of the hot spot at high resolution. The multimodel agreement provides robust evidence that atmospheric dynamics determines the onset of land–atmosphere interactions, while the soil state modulates their duration. Comparison of precipitation, soil moisture, and evapotranspiration against satellite data reveals that the enhanced moistening at high resolution significantly reduces model biases, supporting the realism of the hot-spot relocation.
On the Upper-Ocean Vertical Eddy Heat Transport in the Kuroshio Extension. Part I: Variability and Dynamics
Authors: Yang Peiran , Jing Zhao , Sun Bingrong , Wu Lixin , Qiu Bo , Chang Ping , Ramachandran Sanjiv 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOceanic eddies play a crucial role in transporting heat from the subsurface to surface ocean. However, dynamics responsible for the vertical eddy heat transport QT have not been systematically understood, especially in the mixed layer of western boundary current extensions characterized by the coincidence of strong eddy activities and air–sea interactions. In this paper, the winter (December–March) QT in the Kuroshio Extension is simulated using a 1-km regional ocean model. An omega equation based on the geostrophic momentum approximation and generalized to include the viscous and diabatic effects is derived and used to decompose the contribution of QT from different dynamics. The simulated QT exhibits a pronounced positive peak around the center of the mixed layer (~60 m). The value of QT there exhibits multi-time-scale variations with irregularly occurring extreme events superimposed on a slowly varying seasonal cycle. The proposed omega equation shows good skills in reproducing QT, capturing its spatial and temporal variations. Geostrophic deformation and vertical mixing of momentum are found to be the two major processes generating QT in the mixed layer with the former and the latter accounting for its seasonal variation and extreme events, respectively. The mixed layer instability and the net effect of frontogenesis/frontolysis contribute comparably to the geostrophic deformation induced QT. The contribution of QT from vertical mixing of momentum can be understood on the basis of turbulent thermal wind balance.