bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reality or Mirage? Observational Test and Implications for the Claimed Extremely Magnified Quasar at z = 6.3
Authors: Pacucci Fabio , Loeb Abraham 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the last two decades, approximately 200 quasars have been discovered at

, hosting active supermassive black holes with masses

. While these sources reflect only the tip of the iceberg of the black hole mass distribution, their detection challenges standard growth models. The most massive

black hole that was inferred thus far (J0100+2802,

) was recently claimed to be lensed, with a magnification factor

. Here, we perform a consistency check of this claim, finding that the detection of such a source requires a bright-end slope

for the intrinsic quasar luminosity function (LF),

. Commonly used values of

are rejected at

. If the claim is confirmed, it is very unlikely that all the remaining 51 sources in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey sample are not magnified. Furthermore, it suffices that

of the remaining sources are lensed for the intrinsic LF to differ significantly (i.e.,

) from the observed one. The presence of additional extremely magnified sources in the sample would lower the requirement to

. Our results urge the community to perform more extended multiwavelength searches targeting

lensed quasars, also among known samples. This effort could vitally contribute to solving the open problem of the growth of the brightest

quasars.
Evidence for a Dichotomy in the Interior Structures of Jupiter and Saturn from Helium Phase Separation
Authors: Mankovich Christopher R. , Fortney Jonathan J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We examine the comparative thermal evolution of Jupiter and Saturn, applying recent theoretical results for helium’s immiscibility in fluid metallic hydrogen. The redistribution of helium in their interiors proceeds very differently for the two planets. We confirm that, based on Jupiter’s atmospheric helium depletion as observed in situ by the Galileo entry probe, Jupiter’s interior helium has differentiated modestly, and we present models reconciling Jupiter’s helium depletion, radius, and heat flow at the solar age. Jupiter’s recently revised Bond albedo implies a higher intrinsic flux for the planet, accommodating more luminosity from helium differentiation, such that mildly superadiabatic interiors can satisfy all constraints. The same phase diagram applied to the less massive Saturn predicts dramatic helium differentiation, to the degree that Saturn inevitably forms a helium-rich shell or core, an outcome previously proposed by Stevenson & Salpeter and others. The luminosity from Saturn’s helium differentiation is sufficient to extend its cooling time to the solar age, even for adiabatic interiors. This model predicts Saturn’s atmospheric helium to be depleted to Y = 0.07 ± 0.01, corresponding to a He/H2 mixing ratio 0.036 ± 0.006. We also show that neon differentiation may have contributed to both planets’ luminosity in the past. These results demonstrate that Jupiter and Saturn’s thermal evolution can be explained self-consistently with a single physical model, and emphasize that nontrivial helium distributions should be considered in future models for Saturn’s internal structure and dynamo.
Detection of Missing Baryons in Galaxy Groups with Kinetic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect
Authors: Lim S. H. , Mo H. J. , Wang Huiyuan , Yang Xiaohu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We present the detection of the kinetic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect (kSZE) signals from groups of galaxies as a function of halo mass down to

using the Planck cosmic microwave background maps and stacking about 40,000 galaxy systems with known positions, halo masses, and peculiar velocities. The signals from groups of different mass are constrained simultaneously to take care of the projection effects of nearby halos. The total kSZE flux within halos estimated implies that the gas fraction in halos is about the universal baryon fraction, even in low-mass halos, indicating that the “missing baryons” are found. Various tests performed show that our results are robust against systematic effects, such as contamination by infrared/radio sources and background variations, beam size effects, and contributions from halo exteriors. Combined with the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect, our results indicate that the “missing baryons” associated with galaxy groups are contained in warm-hot media with temperatures between 105 and 106 K.
Michel-Ange, l’esclave de la chapelle Sixtine
Authors: Métral Florian 
Published: January 2020

La Renaissance a offert à la postérité l’image de Michel-Ange comme artiste idéal, affranchi de sa condition d’artisan et rivalisant avec les personnages les plus influents de son temps, voire avec Dieu lui-même. Pourtant, sa vie comme son art sont profondément marqués par les figures de la captivité, de la sujétion, du labeur et de la souffrance, qui émergent en particulier à l’occasion de la décoration, entre 1508 et 1512, de la voûte de la chapelle Sixtine à la demande du pape Jules II. La perception que Michel-Ange a de lui-même en esclave entre alors en tension avec l’affirmation progressive de son statut de faiseur d’images « divines ». L’analyse de ce phénomène permet ainsi d’approcher sous un angle inédit les mécanismes poétiques de l’art de Michel-Ange, qui fluctuent, de manière constante, entre l’orgueil de l’artiste divin et l’humilité de la créature de Dieu.
La théologie chrétienne face au transhumanisme. « Un monde d’hommes sans âge qui vivront comme des dieux »
Authors: Molinario Joël 
Published: January 2020

Le transhumanisme est un phénomène difficile à saisir parce qu’il comprend des aspects économiques, scientifiques, industriels, philosophiques et aussi mercantiles. Cet article veut comprendre le transhumanisme par une série de trois convergences : celle des nouvelles technologies ( n anotechnologies, b iotechnologies, technologies de l’ i nformation et sciences c ognitives), celle de la pensée économique ultralibérale avec les possibilités nouvelles offertes aux humains pour augmenter leurs capacités, enfin convergence avec la crise anthropologique contemporaine où le transhumanisme se présente comme solution de remplacement. Deux exemples exposés permettent de comprendre des manières de réagir de la part de théologiens chrétiens. Le premier vient du théologien protestant Guilhen Antier et l’autre du Groupe de recherche en anthropologie chrétienne du Theologicum .
Newly Graduated Swedish Nurses' Inadequacy in Developing Professional Competence
Authors: Widarsson Margareta , Asp Margareta , Letterstål Anna , Källestedt Marie-Louise S. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
The learning process for student and recently graduated nurses during their transition to professional nursing is stressful and challenging. The aim of this study was to describe recent graduates' experiences of developing professional competence in their basic nursing program and during their first year.

Method:
A qualitative descriptive design with an inductive approach based on interviews with 11 nurses, with a qualitative content analysis.

Results:
Recently graduated nurses experience shortages and struggle to develop their professional competence. They find that reflection is a fundamental tool in the process of professional competence development. The competence gap is not between theoretical and practical knowledge, but rather between the university and health care organizations.

Conclusion:

Focusing on the intertwining of theoretical and practical knowledge can bridge the gap between these two organizations and create a foundation for lifelong learning of professional competence. Creating opportunities for reflection is central to the learning process.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2020;51(2):65–74.]
"Sou Pombagira de Umbanda, não me conhece quem não quer...": Imagens de Pombagira na MPB
Authors: De Carvalho Aleksandra Stambowisky , Giorgi Maria Cristina , Arantes Poliana Coeli Costa 
Published: January 2020

Neste artigo temos como objetivo analisar modos de produção de sentidos em torno da construção da imagem de figura muito conhecida nas religiões afro-brasileiras, a Pombagira. Para tanto, discutimos três canções da Música Popular Brasileira, bastante citadas nos terreiros de Umbanda, partindo de uma perspectiva dialógica e polifônica de linguagem (BAKHTIN, 2011). Observamos que as imagens configuradas pelas letras das canções produzem lugar que desqualifica a figura da Pombagira, sobretudo porque a ela se inscrevem sentidos depreciativos que, ao denunciar sua não hegemonia, confirmam a hegemonia de outrem, uma vez que a linguagem produz relações e não atributos.
Crenças linguísticas de falantes do dialeto caipira: Em torno das dimensões prática e representacional da linguística popular
Authors: Baronas Joyce Elaine de Almeida , Bonacin Ligiane Aparecida 
Published: January 2020

Este artigo objetiva apresentar crenças linguísticas de falantes do dialeto caipira a respeito de seu próprio falar. Trata-se da análise de julgamentos a respeito de traços descontínuos característicos do falar rural, os quais sofrem estigma social e que merecem maior cuidado, pois poderiam ser estudados na busca da origem do dialeto caipira, o que muito auxiliaria no abrandamento do preconceito linguístico a ele atrelado, visto que muitos dos traços deste dialeto constituem as marcas das influências de outras línguas no processo de colonização do país. Assim, a partir dos pressupostos teóricos a respeito de crenças e atitudes linguísticas, será abordado esse tipo de prática linguística dos informantes participantes deste estudo com o propósito de refletir sobre tais crenças.
Electron spin resonance (ESR) thermochronometry of the Hida range of the Japanese Alps: validation and future potential
Authors: King Georgina E. , Tsukamoto Sumiko , Herman Frédéric , Biswas Rabiul H. , Sueoka Shigeru , Tagami Takahiro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The electron spin resonance (ESR) of quartz has previously been
shown to have potential for determining rock cooling histories; however, this
technique remains underdeveloped. In this study, we explore the ESR of a
suite of samples from the Hida range of the Japanese Alps. We develop
measurement protocols and models to constrain the natural trapped-charge
concentration as well as the parameters that govern signal growth and signal
thermal decay. The thermal stability of the Al and Ti centres is similar to
that of the luminescence of feldspar. Inverting the ESR data for cooling
yields similar thermal histories to paired luminescence data from the same
samples. However, a series of synthetic inversions shows that whereas the
luminescence of feldspar can only resolve minimum cooling histories of
∼160 ∘C Myr−1 over timescales of 103−5 years,
quartz ESR may resolve cooling histories as low as 25–50 ∘C Myr−1
over timescales of 103−7 years. This difference arises because quartz ESR
has a higher dating limit than the luminescence of feldspar. These results
imply that quartz ESR will be widely applicable in the constraint of
late-stage rock cooling histories, providing new insights into landscape
evolution over late Quaternary timescales.
On the representation of water reservoir storage and operations in large-scale hydrological models: implications on model parameterization and climate change impact assessments
Authors: Dang Thanh Duc , Chowdhury A. F. M. Kamal , Galelli Stefano 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. During the past decades, the increased impact of anthropogenic interventions on river basins has prompted hydrologists to develop various approaches for representing human–water interactions in large-scale hydrological and land surface models. The simulation of water reservoir storage and operations has received particular attention, owing to the ubiquitous presence of dams. Yet, little is known about (1) the effect of the representation of water reservoirs on the parameterization of hydrological models, and, therefore, (2) the risks associated with potential flaws in the calibration process. To fill in this gap, we contribute a computational framework based on the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model and a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, which we use to calibrate VIC's parameters. An important feature of our framework is a novel variant of VIC's routing model that allows us to simulate the storage dynamics of water reservoirs. Using the upper Mekong river basin as a case study, we calibrate two instances of VIC – with and without reservoirs. We show that both model instances have the same accuracy in reproducing daily discharges (over the period 1996–2005), a result attained by the model without reservoirs by adopting a parameterization that compensates for the absence of these infrastructures. The first implication of this flawed parameter estimation stands in a poor representation of key hydrological processes, such as surface runoff, infiltration, and baseflow. To further demonstrate the risks associated with the use of such a model, we carry out a climate change impact assessment (for the period 2050–2060), for which we use precipitation and temperature data retrieved from five global circulation models (GCMs) and two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). Results show that the two model instances (with and without reservoirs) provide different projections of the minimum, maximum, and average monthly discharges. These results are consistent across both RCPs. Overall, our study reinforces the message about the correct representation of human–water interactions in large-scale hydrological models.
Over zelfredzame burgers gesproken
Authors: van Rooij Harrie , van Wessel Margit , Aarts Noelle 
Published: January 2020

Speaking of self reliant citizens
The concept of self-reliant citizens reflects an ideology of citizenship that is multiple and flexible. It could be regarded as a ‘plastic’ word, malleable and adjustable according to convictions, needs and purposes. This study shows the importance of considering the way in which ideological views on citizenship are transferred, adjusted and enacted in an organizational context. On the basis of a case study at the Dutch Tax and Customs Administration (DTCA), we contribute to knowledge on the way processes of framing interrelate on micro, meso and macro levels. We found that frames on self-reliance are enacted in a way that tensions and dilemmas are neutralized or reduced. In a dynamic context of conflicting goals and limited resources, DTCA-employees create meanings of self-reliance which legitimate practices and policies. By doing this they reproduce both organizational and social perspectives. Accounts of citizenship play an important role in this process. Self-reliant citizens are presented as active and responsible. The need of help is imagined as a normal and yet an atypical situation. This study promotes attention to the possibility that organizational systems reproduce perspectives in a way that alternative views remain unnoticed, whereas organizational choices are silently accepted as natural facts.
Boubacar Boris Diop et le roman total
Authors: Diouf Mbaye 
Published: January 2020

Que peut la littérature de Boris Diop ? En paraphrasant lafameuse question de Jean-Paul Sartre, cette réflexion viseà identifier les fonctions discursives et artistiques quel’écrivain sénégalais associe à sapratique de l’écriture. Mais c’est dans sa relationdialogique au monde et aux mémoires du monde qu’il fautaller chercher les clés d’une sémantique etd’une sémiotique du récit chez Boris Diop,justifiant le passage d’une langue d’écritureà une autre, transformant l’acte de traduction en acte denarration et contribuant à faire de la littératureafricaine le lieu symbolique d’un pouvoir alternatif.
Pouvoir, inconfort et apprentissage : les cours féministes peuvent-ils et doivent-ils être des espaces préfiguratifs et sécuritaires ?
Authors: Pagé Geneviève 
Published: January 2020

L’enseignement féministe se donne souvent comme mandat d’être préfiguratif, c’est-à-dire de produire dans le ici et maintenant les formes de relations sociales qui sont l’objectif des mouvements (féministes) (Boggs, 1977, p. 100). De même, les pédagogues féministes tentent souvent de créer des espaces dits « sécuritaires » (safe space), où les personnes apprenantes se sentent en sécurité d’exprimer leurs pensées (Holley et Steiner, 2005). S’il est important et légitime de favoriser la participation de tous, particulièrement des personnes qui prennent rarement la parole publiquement (les femmes et les personnes racisées), j’avance, à l’instar de hooks (1994) et de Barret (2010), que tenter de créer un espace sécuritaire (safe space) dans une salle de classe n’est ni réaliste ni désirable. Je propose plutôt d’investir le concept d’« espace d’apprentissage » et d’y construire des pratiques pédagogiques féministes visant à outiller les personnes étudiantes pour qu’elles deviennent des actrices de changement jonglant avec des personnes et des contextes imparfaits.
Création, imagination et sens esthétique
Authors: Bidima Jean Godefroy 
Published: January 2020

Au siècle du capitalisme organisateur (de la politique, de l’économie et de la technologie), les symboles humains, la création artistique et le sens esthétique sont sous assistance respiratoire. C’est bien les logiques commerciales et de la financiarisation de l’art qui leur administrent une perfusion. Le moteur du sens esthétique est ainsi dans une relative hétéronomie. C’est justement parce qu’il est possible de mettre des grains de sable dans ce « moteur esthétique, fille du capitalisme », qu’il faut résister à cet enlaidissement de la vie en mettant en question — sous plusieurs angles et de manière répétitive — le fonctionnalisme qui envahit « la dimension esthétique » de l’homme à travers l’exploitation de son attention et de son imaginaire. Dans cette recréation du sens esthétique, l’objet d’art y aura un autre statut. Il nous forcera à un déplacement des regards, de l’objet vers le travail sur l’objet, de l’objet comme produit aux conditions de production qui renseignent et sur le travailleur et sur ses conditions de travail. Un regard qui dépasse la matérialité de l’objet avec sa commercialisation possible vers ce que cet objet prometou ne promet pas, vers ce que cet objet communique ou empêche de communiquer. Il faut restituer à l’objet d’art cet aura (comme le disait Walter Benjamin) qui lui est toujours enlevé par la culture de masse qui peut agacer avec ses raccourcis, ses petites connivences, ses consécrations calculées, ses marchés organisés, ses grand-messes culturelles et son dédain de tout ce qui ne rentre pas dans la comptabilité. Le sens esthétique sera ainsi un travail sur les motivations du Sujet, les complications de son imaginaire, ses utopies ainsi que sur le statut de l’objet d’art qui pointe du doigt nos vies… si compliquées.
The Imaging Features of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutant Gliomas
Authors: Mubarak Fatima 
Published: January 2020

To appraise Magnetic resonance imaging features of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas. In literature, IDH mutant gliomas are usually in frontal lobes, they are less contrast-enhancing with well-defined borders. They have high ADC values low regional cerebral blood volumes. 2-HG detection of MR spectroscopy has more promising results.
In this review, we tried to describe conventional and advanced neuroimaging features of IDH mutant Gliomas.
FeP Quantum Dots Confined in Carbon‐Nanotube‐Grafted P‐Doped Carbon Octahedra for High‐Rate Sodium Storage and Full‐Cell Applications
Authors: Shi Shanshan , Sun Congli , Yin Xiuping , Shen Liying , Shi Qinhao , Zhao Kangning , Zhao Yufeng , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTransition metal phosphides (TMPs) possess high theoretical sodium storage capacities, but suffer from poor rate performance, due to their intrinsic low conductivity and large volume expansion upon sodiation/desodiation. Compositing TMPs with carbon materials or downsizing their feature size are recognized as efficient approaches to address the above issues. Nevertheless the surface‐controlled capacitive behavior is generally dominated, which inevitably compromises the charge/discharge platform, and decreases the operational potential window in full‐cell constructions. In this work, a novel architecture (FeP@OCF) with FeP quantum dots confined in P‐doped 3D octahedral carbon framework/carbon nanotube is rationally designed. Such structure enables a simultaneous enhancement on the diffusion‐controlled capacity in the platform region (2.3 folds), and the surface‐controlled capacity in the slope region (2.9 folds) as compared to that of pure FeP. As a result, an excellent reversible capacity (674 mAh g−1@ 0.1 A g−1) and a record high‐rate performance (262 mAh g−1 @ 20 A g−1) are achieved. A full‐cell FeP@OCF// Na3V2(PO4)3 is also constructed showing an outstandingly high energy density of 185 Wh kg−1 (based on the total mass of active materials in both electrodes), which outperforms the state‐of‐the art TMP‐based sodium‐ion battery full cells.
Soft and Ion‐Conducting Materials in Bioelectronics: From Conducting Polymers to Hydrogels
Authors: Jia Manping , Rolandi Marco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBioelectronics devices that directly interface with cells and tissue have applications in neural and cardiac stimulation and recording, electroceuticals, and brain machine interfaces for prostheses. The interface between bioelectronic devices and biological tissue is inherently challenging due to the mismatch in both mechanical properties (hard vs soft) and charge carriers (electrons vs ions). In addition to conventional metals and silicon, new materials have bridged this interface, including conducting polymers, carbon‐based nanomaterials, as well as ion‐conducting polymers and hydrogels. This review provides an update on advances in soft bioelectronic materials for current and future therapeutic applications. Specifically, this review focuses on soft materials that can conduct both electrons and ions, and also deliver drugs and small molecules. The future opportunities and emerging challenges in the field are also highlighted.
Vascularized Biomaterials to Study Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Bittner Katharine R. , Jiménez Juan M. , Peyton Shelly R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCancer metastasis, the spread of cancer cells to distant organs, is responsible for 90% of cancer‐related deaths. Cancer cells need to enter and exit circulation in order to form metastases, and the vasculature and endothelial cells are key regulators of this process. While vascularized 3D in vitro systems have been developed, few have been used to study cancer, and many lack key features of vessels that are necessary to study metastasis. This review focuses on current methods of vascularizing biomaterials for the study of cancer, and three main factors that regulate intravasation and extravasation: endothelial cell heterogeneity, hemodynamics, and the extracellular matrix of the perivascular niche.
Advances in the Formulations of Microneedles for Manifold Biomedical Applications
Authors: Chang Hao , Zheng Mengjia , Chew Sharon Wan Ting , Xu Chenjie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTransdermal delivery systems have recently attracted a great interest due to its minimal invasiveness and convenience. One latest technology in this field is the microneedle technology, which is a single or array of miniaturized needles on the micrometer scale. They pierce the stratum corneum and create transient microchannels for drug diffusion or extraction of skin interstitial fluid. The latest developments of the microneedles are reviewed here by focusing on the materials and fabrication techniques. They are categorized into nonpolymeric and polymeric ones that are made through a wide range of technologies such as lithography, micromolding, droplet‐born air blowing. Powered by the unique structures and functional materials, these microneedle platforms can provide solutions for skin diseases, diabetes, obesity, ocular diseases, as well as point‐of‐care diagnosis.