bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the ‘Learning from Excellence’ programme in NHS trusts: an exploratory study
Authors: Kletter Maartje , Plunkett Emma , Plunkett Adrian , Hunt Helen , Bird Paul , Brown Celia 
Published: August 2020

Background/Aims The ‘Learning from Excellence’ (LfE) programme aims to provide a means to identify, appreciate, study and learn from episodes of excellence in frontline healthcare. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of LfE on organisational performance in NHS trusts in the United Kingdom (UK), how this impact is achieved and which contextual factors facilitate or hinder impact. Methods A survey and case studies, including individual interviews, were conducted. Data were analysed through qualitative content analysis, informed by realist evaluation methodology. Contextual factors, mechanisms and outcomes were coded, sub-themes were generated and a programme theory was developed. Results There were 47 respondents to the survey (27% response rate) and three case studies were performed. A total of 25 contextual factors were identified, of which 18 acted as a facilitator to uptake or as a barrier if absent. Additionally, 11 mechanisms and 9 outcomes were identified. A programme theory explaining how LfE can impact organisational performance in NHS trusts in the UK, and which contextual factors play a role before design, during design and during implementation, was developed. Conclusions LfE was welcomed by participants, but at the time of this study LfE had not been implemented for long enough for outcomes to be measured. Further research, particularly measuring outcomes and validating mechanisms, as well as exploring the learning based on reported events, is needed.
Passively Q-switched Er:Lu2O3 laser at 2.8  µm with TiC saturable absorber
Authors: Feng Chenyang , Ma Baomin , Qiao Wenchao , Li Guoqiang , Zhao Jia , Yang Kejian , Li Dechun , Li Guiqiu , Zhao Shengzhi , Li Tao 
Published: August 2020

Titanium carbide (TiC) nanosheets of two-dimensional multilayer structure were prepared by the liquid-phase exfoliation method. By using the TiC as a saturable absorber, a stable passively

Q

-switched

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r

:

L
u

2

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3

laser at 2.85 µm was realized. Under an absorbed pump power of 7.32 W, the obtained maximum output power was 896 mW with a slope efficiency of 15.6%. The

Q

-switched pulse duration was measured to be 266.8 ns with repetition rates of 136.9 kHz, corresponding to a peak power of 24.6 W.
Performance Improvement of Hopper Cooling System on Traditional Fishing Boats Due to Excessive Cooling
Authors: Koenhardono Eddy Setyo 
Published: August 2020

The engine cooling system that drives traditional fishing boats uses a hopper cooler type system that experiences excessive cooling. Ideally, the temperature of the cooling water in the hopper should be approximately 70-80°C. The fact, it is only 42°C, thus reducing the effective power generated by the engine. This excessive cooling may cause an increase in fuel consumption and emissions. One method to reduce excessive cooling is to increase the temperature of the cooling media in the hopper. The author has conducted a simple experiment on a traditional fishing boat in Kenjeran, Surabaya, by installing a valve to control the flow of seawater entering the hopper. However, the use of seawater as a cooling medium has a maximum operating temperature limitation, so there is no precipitation of salt and lime, which is 50oC. At this temperature, the benefits are not large, only an increase in speed of 4.4% and a fuel reduction of 4.3%. Therefore, the existing seawater cooling system must be modified to an indirect seawater cooling system to get optimum performance improvement. The re-modification allows the temperature of the freshwater in the hopper to be maintained at 80°C, so that the speed of the fishing boat may increase by 14%, with a fuel savings of 12.3%.
Successful Round Robin Analyses Resulting from the Engineered Residual Stress Implementation Working Group
Authors: Pilarczyk Robert , Actis Ricardo , Cardinal Joseph , Carlson Scott , Harter James , Hodges Joshua , Prost-Domasky Scott , Renaud Guillaume 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The application of engineered residual stresses (ERSs) on aircraft structure provides an opportunity to significantly extend the total fatigue life of critical components. In order to reach required service life goals within budgetary constraints, the ability to implement ERS into analyses is essential. However, it has been repeatedly demonstrated that in order to properly quantify, apply, and analyze ERSs, sophisticated analytical tools, advanced technical knowledge, and specialized training are required. The ERS implementation (ERSI) working group provides the opportunity for collaborative development of best practices for government, contractors, and engineers supporting the implementation of ERSs into life predictions. The ultimate goal of the working group is to develop a more holistic framework for the implementation of ERS, with validated tools and processes for application to aircraft structures, minimizing expensive test programs, and offering benefits to all stakeholders. The ERSI Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis Method committee has taken the initiative to develop round robin fatigue life predictions for cold expanded holes. An initial round robin effort was completed to quantify the epistemic uncertainties in the prediction of fatigue crack growth, given a fixed set of input data. The results of this round robin are presented, including the variations in the predictions and comparison with test results, as well as lessons learned and best practices.
θ-γ Cross-Frequency Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation over the Trough Impairs Cognitive Control
Authors: Turi Zsolt , Mittner Matthias , Lehr Albert , Bürger Hannah , Antal Andrea , Paulus Walter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCognitive control is a mental process, which underlies adaptive goal-directed decisions. Previous studies have linked cognitive control to electrophysiological fluctuations in the θ band and θ-γ cross-frequency coupling (CFC) arising from the cingulate and frontal cortices. However, to date, the behavioral consequences of different forms of θ-γ CFC remain elusive. Here, we studied the behavioral effects of the θ-γ CFC via transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) designed to stimulate the frontal and cingulate cortices in humans. Using a double-blind, randomized, repeated measures study design, 24 healthy participants were subjected to three active and one control CFC-tACS conditions. In the active conditions, 80-Hz γ tACS was coupled to 4-Hz θ tACS. Specifically, in two of the active conditions, short γ bursts were coupled to the delivered θ cycle to coincide with either its peaks or troughs. In the third active condition, the phase of a θ cycle modulated the amplitude of the γ oscillation. In the fourth, control protocol, 80-Hz tACS was continuously superimposed over the 4-Hz tACS, therefore lacking any phase specificity in the CFC. During the 20 min of stimulation, the participants performed a Go/NoGo monetary reward-based and punishment-based instrumental learning task. A Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression analysis revealed that relative to the control, the peak-coupled tACS had no effects on the behavioral performance, whereas the trough-coupled tACS and, to a lesser extent, amplitude-modulated tACS reduced performance in conflicting trials. Our results suggest that cognitive control depends on the phase specificity of the θ-γ CFC.
Against the Epistemological Primacy of the Hardware: The Brain from Inside Out, Turned Upside Down
Authors: Poeppel David , Adolfi Federico 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBefore he wrote the recent bookThe Brain from Inside Out, the neuroscientist György Buzsáki previewed some of the arguments in a paper written 20 years ago (“The brain-cognitive behavior problem: a retrospective”), now finally published. The principal focus of the paper is the relationship between neuroscience and psychology. The direction in which that research had proceeded, and continues now, is, in his view, fundamentally misguided. Building on the critique, Buzsáki presents arguments for an “inside-out” approach, wherein the study of neurobiological objects has primacy over using psychological concepts to study the brain, and should, in fact, give rise to them. We argue that he is too pessimistic, and actually not quite right, about how the relation between cognition and neuroscience can be studied. Second, we are not in agreement with the normative recommendation of how to proceed: a predominantly brain first, implementation-driven research agenda. Finally, we raise concerns about the philosophical underpinning of the research program he advances. Buzsáki’s perspective merits careful examination, and we suggest that it can be linked in a productive way to ongoing research, aligning his inside-out approach with current work that yields convincing accounts of mind and brain.
Interhemispheric Callosal Projections Sharpen Frequency Tuning and Enforce Response Fidelity in Primary Auditory Cortex
Authors: Slater Bernard J. , Isaacson Jeffry S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSensory cortical areas receive glutamatergic callosal projections that link information processing between brain hemispheres. In primary auditory cortex (A1), ipsilateral principal cells from a particular tonotopic region project to neurons in matching frequency space of the contralateral cortex. However, the role of interhemispheric projections in shaping cortical responses to sound and frequency tuning in awake animals is unclear. Here, we use translaminar single-unit recordings and optogenetic approaches to probe how callosal inputs modulate spontaneous and tone-evoked activity in A1 of awake mice. Brief activation of callosal inputs drove either short-latency increases or decreases in firing of individual neurons. Across all cortical layers, the majority of responsive regular spiking (RS) cells received short-latency inhibition, whereas fast spiking (FS) cells were almost exclusively excited. Consistent with the callosal-evoked increases in FS cell activityin vivo, brain slice recordings confirmed that parvalbumin (PV)-expressing cells received stronger callosal input than pyramidal cells or other interneuron subtypes. Acutein vivosilencing of the contralateral cortex generally increased spontaneous firing across cortical layers and linearly transformed responses to pure tones via both divisive and additive operations. The net effect was a decrease in signal-to-noise ratio for evoked responses and a broadening of frequency tuning curves. Together, these results suggest that callosal input regulates both the salience and tuning sharpness of tone responses in A1 via PV cell-mediated feedforward inhibition.
Mutator Foci Are Regulated by Developmental Stage, RNA, and the Germline Cell Cycle in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Uebel Celja J , Agbede Dana , Wallis Dylan C , Phillips Carolyn M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
RNA interference is a crucial gene regulatory mechanism in Caenorhabditis elegans. Phase-separated perinuclear germline compartments called Mutator foci are a key element of RNAi, ensuring robust gene silencing and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Despite their importance, Mutator foci regulation is not well understood, and observations of Mutator foci have been largely limited to adult hermaphrodite germlines. Here we reveal that punctate Mutator foci arise in the progenitor germ cells of early embryos and persist throughout all larval stages. They are additionally present throughout the male germline and in the cytoplasm of post-meiotic spermatids, suggestive of a role in paternal epigenetic inheritance. In the adult germline, transcriptional inhibition results in a pachytene-specific loss of Mutator foci, indicating that Mutator foci are partially reliant on RNA for their stability. Finally, we demonstrate that Mutator foci intensity is modulated by the stage of the germline cell cycle and specifically, that Mutator foci are brightest and most robust in the mitotic cells, transition zone, and late pachytene of adult germlines. Thus, our data defines several new factors that modulate Mutator foci morphology which may ultimately have implications for efficacy of RNAi in certain cell stages or environments.
Apolipoprotein L1-Specific Antibodies Detect Endogenous APOL1 inside the Endoplasmic Reticulum and on the Plasma Membrane of Podocytes
Authors: Scales Suzie J. , Gupta Nidhi , De Mazière Ann M. , Posthuma George , Chiu Cecilia P. , Pierce Andrew A. , Hötzel Kathy , Tao Jianhua , Foreman Oded , Koukos Georgios , Oltrabella Francesca , Klumperman Judith , Lin WeiYu , Peterson Andrew S. 
Published: August 2020

Significance Statement
Specific variants of APOL1, G1 and G2, are associated with CKD in the Black population. Overexpression of these variants kills cells, through different proposed mechanisms in different subcellular compartments. The localization of endogenous APOL1 has not been conclusively established because all studies have used antibodies that crossreact with APOL2. Generation and use of APOL1-specific antibodies show that endogenous podocyte APOL1 localizes mainly inside the endoplasmic reticulum, with a few molecules on the cell surface. These findings potentially support the endoplasmic reticulum stress or cell surface cation channel models of cytotoxicity.

Background
APOL1 is found in human kidney podocytes and endothelia. Variants G1 and G2 of the APOL1 gene account for the high frequency of nondiabetic CKD among African Americans. Proposed mechanisms of kidney podocyte cytotoxicity resulting from APOL1 variant overexpression implicate different subcellular compartments. It is unclear where endogenous podocyte APOL1 resides, because previous immunolocalization studies utilized overexpressed protein or commercially available antibodies that crossreact with APOL2. This study describes and distinguishes the locations of both APOLs.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry, confocal and immunoelectron microscopy, and podocyte fractionation localized endogenous and transfected APOL1 using a large panel of novel APOL1-specific mouse and rabbit monoclonal antibodies.

Results
Both endogenous podocyte and transfected APOL1 isoforms vA and vB1 (and a little of isoform vC) localize to the luminal face of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and to the cell surface, but not to mitochondria, endosomes, or lipid droplets. In contrast, APOL2, isoform vB3, and most vC of APOL1 localize to the cytoplasmic face of the ER and are consequently absent from the cell surface. APOL1 knockout podocytes do not stain for APOL1, attesting to the APOL1-specificity of the antibodies. Stable re-transfection of knockout podocytes with inducible APOL1-G0, -G1, and -G2 showed no differences in localization among variants.

Conclusions
APOL1 is found in the ER and plasma membrane, consistent with either the ER stress or surface cation channel models of APOL1-mediated cytotoxicity. The surface localization of APOL1 variants potentially opens new therapeutic targeting avenues.
Mechanisms Regulating Muscle Protein Synthesis in CKD
Authors: Zhang Liping , Chen Qin , Chen Zihong , Wang Ying , Gamboa Jorge L. , Ikizler Talat Alp , Garibotto Giacomo , Mitch William E. 
Published: August 2020

Significance Statement
The morbidity and mortality of CKD arise from acceleration of muscle protein degradation and suppression of muscle protein synthesis. Responses such as caspase-3 mediation of apoptosis and activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system drive CKD-induced proteolysis. However, CKD-induced mechanisms that impair protein synthesis in muscle are less well studied. This investigation reports that CKD-stimulated, chromatin-modifying, nucleolar protein 66 (NO66) suppresses both ribosomal DNA transcription and muscle protein synthesis via a demethylase mechanism. Notably, muscle-specific knockout of NO66 in mice improved muscle protein metabolism despite the presence of CKD. Additionally, NO66 is present in muscle biopsy specimens of patients with CKD or those on hemodialysis. These findings might lead to clinical strategies that counter CKD-induced muscle protein catabolism.

Background
CKD induces loss of muscle proteins partly by suppressing muscle protein synthesis. Muscles of mice with CKD have increased expression of nucleolar protein 66 (NO66), as do muscle biopsy specimens from patients with CKD or those undergoing hemodialysis. Inflammation stimulates NO66 expression and changes in NF-κB mediate the response.

Methods
Subtotal nephrectomy created a mouse model of CKD with BUN >80 mg/dl. Crossing NO66flox/flox with MCK-Cre mice bred muscle-specific NO66 (MCK-NO66) knockout mice. Experiments assessed the effect of removing NO66.

Results
Muscle-specific NO66 knockout in mice blocks CKD-induced loss of muscle mass and improves protein synthesis. NO66 suppression of ribosomal biogenesis via demethylase activity is the mechanism behind these responses. In muscle cells, expression of NO66, but not of demethylase-dead mutant NO66, decreased H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 and suppressed pre-rRNA expression. Knocking out NO66 increased the enrichment of H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 on ribosomal DNA. In primary muscle cells and in muscles of mice without NO66, ribosomal RNA, pre-rRNA, and protein synthesis all increased.

Conclusions
CKD suppresses muscle protein synthesis via epigenetic mechanisms that NO66 mediates. Blocking NO66 could suggest strategies that counter CKD-induced abnormal muscle protein catabolism.
A Perceptual Approach to Aging: Latent Aging
Authors: Özsungur Fahri 
Published: August 2020

This study is a review article. Gerontology literature was reviewed and issues of latent aging were systematically formed. According to the results of the study, latent aging consists of perceptual diagnosis, research, adoption, and reactive actions.Reactive actions include the social, psychological and physical effects of latent aging. The social effects of latent aging are the decline of social relations and social isolation. Depression, stress, anxiety, traumas and cognitive decline are among the psychological effects. Chronic musculoskeletal pain, sleep disorders, premature mortality, and suicidal ideation were determined as physical effects. The detection of latent aging is important in the prevention of chronic diseases.It was revealed that latent aging has the following four main processes: perceptual diagnosis and coding, research and comparison, adoption and reactive actions. Furthermore, this aging approach has three significant effects: social, psychological and physical.
Etude Phytochimique de Senna occidentalis (L.) Link et Cissus quadrangularis (Linn) deux Plantes MÃ©dicinales Gabonaises UtilisÃ©es Contre la Filaire Loa Loa
Authors: Kamsi Leaticia NzÃ© , Mengome Line Edwige , Aboughe-Angone Sophie , Engonga Prospert Edou 
Published: August 2020

Objectif : Cette Ã©tude avait pour objectif de valoriser deux plantesmÃ©dicinales utilisÃ©es au Gabon pour traiter la filaire Loa loa. MatÃ©riels etMÃ©thodes : Les poudres des feuilles de Senna occidentalis et des tiges etfeuilles de Cissus quadrangularis ont Ã©tÃ© soumis Ã une successiondâ€™extractions par des solvants de polaritÃ©s croissantes (cyclohexane,dichloromÃ©thane, mÃ©thanol et lâ€™eau dÃ©minÃ©ralisÃ©e). Un criblagephytochimique qualitatif a Ã©tÃ© effectuÃ© en utilisant la mÃ©thode standard basÃ©esur desrÃ©actions de colorations et/ou de prÃ©cipitations. RÃ©sultats: lesrÃ©sultatsrÃ©vÃ¨lent la prÃ©dominance des sucres totaux, des alcaloÃ¯des, et des phÃ©nols danstous les extraits. Les des tanins cathÃ©chiques, les sucres rÃ©ducteurs, et lesflavonoÃ¯des sur de nombreux extraits testÃ©s. Les tanins galliques et les coumarines sont retrouvÃ©s dans quelques extraits. TrÃ¨s peu de quinones, detriterpÃ¨nes ou stÃ©rols dans les deux plantes. Conclusions : CertainsmÃ©tabolites secondaires ont dÃ©jÃ prouvÃ© leurs activitÃ©s filaricides. La richesseen composÃ©s chimiques prÃ©sents dans ces plantes mÃ©dicinales Ã©tudiÃ©es,justifierait leur utilisation. Cependant, lâ€™Ã©valuation des activitÃ©s biologiquessur la filariose Ã Loa loa ainsi que leur toxicitÃ© reste Ã explorer.
Objective: This study aimed to valorize two medicinal plants usedagainst Loa loa filarial in Gabon. Material and Methods: Powders of leavesof Senna occidentalis and stems and leaves of Cissus quadrangularis wereproposal to successive extractions by solvents with increasing polarities (cyclohexan, dichloromethan, methanol and demineralized water). QualitativePhytochemistry screening was established using the standard color and/orprecipitation reactions. Results: The results reveal the predominance of totalsugar, alkaloids, and phenols in all extracts. Cathechic tannins, reducing sugar,and flavonoids on many extracts were tested. Gallic tannins and coumarins arefound in some extracts. They are very few quinones, triterpenes or sterols inthe two species. Conclusion: Some secondary metabolites have provedfilaricide activities already. The abundance of chemical compounds present inthese medicinal plants would justify their usage. However, the evaluation ofbiological activities on the Loa loa filarial along with toxicity remainsunexplored.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL MANAJEMEN KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Utami Wikan Budi , Amir Yayat Hidayat , Ponoharjo Ponoharjo , Aulia Fikri 
Published: August 2020

<p><em>The </em><em>aim</em><em> of this study is to find a 2013 curriculum management model and provide recommendations to policy makers in developing the 2013 curriculum in the city of Tegal. The implementation of the 2013 curriculum in the city of Tegal is still on a limited scale and there are still many schools that are constrained by the implementation of the 2013 curriculum. This research was carried out at Al-Irsyad High School in the city of Tegal. This type of research is research and development. The results of this study indicate that the 2013 curriculum management model at Al-Irsyad High School in Tegal city was developed through the following steps: curriculum process, planning, curriculum organizing, staffing and curriculum control. The development procedure, is started by conducting a feasibility study and needs and then ends with the implementation of improvements and adjustments after being tested</em></p><p> </p>
Burden of viral hepatitis caused by specific aetiologies in China, 1990-2016: findings from the GBD 2016
Authors: Li Man , Wang Zhuo-qun , Zhang Lu , Zheng Hao , Zhou Mai-geng , Liu Dian-wu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is to quantify the burden caused by viral hepatitis in China from 1990 to 2016. Methods: Data from the GBD 2016 study were extracted to calculate incidence, prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Trends in DALYs were assessed in 33 provinces/regions. Results: From 1990 to 2016, the total incidence of hepatitis decreased by 88.5%. However, the prevalence of hepatitis (counts in thousands), increased by 37.6% from 153,856 (95% UI: 136,047-172,319) in 1990 to 211,721 (95% UI: 179,776-240,981) in 2016, with age-standardized prevalence rates changing slightly. The number and age-standardized rates of prevalence increased by 35.9% and 1.6% for hepatitis B, respectively, and by 81.8% and 30.4% for hepatitis C. Guangxi, Guangdong and Hainan had the highest age-standardized prevalence rates (≥16,500 per 100,000). Tibet, Qinghai and Gansu had the highest age-standardized DALYs rates (≥40 per 100,000). The largest absolute number of DALYs was observed in the 15-49 year age group in 2016. The highest rate of DALYs occurred in males aged 50-69 years and in females aged ≧70 years. Conclusion: The incidence and DALYs of viral hepatitis decreased dramatically from 1990 to 2016. However, the prevalence still remains at a high level, which may result in heavy burdens in the future.