bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized cryo-EM data acquisition workflow by sample thickness determination
Authors: Rheinberger Jan , Oostergetel Gert , Resch Guenter P , Paulino Cristina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSample thickness is a known key parameter in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and can affect the amount of high-resolution information retained in the image. Yet, common data acquisition approaches in single particle cryo-EM do not take it into account. Here, we demonstrate how the sample thickness can be determined before data acquisition, allowing to identify optimal regions and restrict automated data collection to images with preserved high-resolution details. This quality over quantity approach, almost entirely eliminates the time- and storage-consuming collection of suboptimal images, which are discarded after a recorded session or during early image processing due to lack of high-resolution information. It maximizes data collection efficiency and lowers the electron microscopy time required per dataset. This strategy is especially useful, if the speed of data collection is restricted by the microscope hardware and software, or if microscope access time, data transfer, data storage and computational power are a bottleneck.SynopsisSample thickness is a key parameter in single particle cryo-electron microscopy. Determining sample thickness before data acquisition allows to target optimal areas and maximize data output quality of single particle cryo-electron microscopy sessions. Scripts and optimized workflows for EPU and SerialEM are presented and available as open-source.
LearnOBots: navigating through uncharted waters
Authors: Taimoor Sadaf 
Published: December 2020

Learning outcomes
In the light of the case and the accompanying case questions, the students should understand the theoretical underpinnings of the Blue ocean strategy. Application and critical evaluation of analytical frameworks associated with the blue ocean strategy. Role of political, socio-cultural and technological factors undermining the success of any endeavor aimed at bringing about innovation in education in Pakistan. The critical balance that social enterprises need to develop between their commercial and social impact goals.

Case overview/synopsis
Founded in early 2014, LearnOBots was a young social enterprise spearheaded by Shamyl Bin Mansoor and Faisal Laghari. The venture aimed to provide science, technology, engineering, and mathematics-based, tech supported experiential learning to young kids, which would eventually help improve the educational standards in the country. This case presents the complex dilemma of an enterprise, which achieved market traction to its novel business idea but soon faced changing competitive dynamics that posed a challenge to the uncontested blue ocean strategy that the venture attempted to create. The case is a rich description of the idiosyncrasies that an innovative startup faces in emerging markets context. It gives an insight on the balancing act that social enterprises need to achieve between their business goals and social impact aspirations.

Complexity academic level
This case is geared toward undergraduate students enrolled in courses of strategy and entrepreneurship.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
Influence of temperature and irradiance on the different solar PV panel technologies
Authors: Nadia Mars , Lassad Houcine , Abderrahmen Zaafouri , Abdelkader Chaari 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Tunisia has high solar radiation levels, which makes it suitable for the installation of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The design of these kinds of systems is an important step because there are many crucial factors to assess the PV module efficiency such as temperature, module types and solar radiation.This paper aims to give an analysis of the most influencing factor for selecting location. In fact, after estimating the PV panel inclination, the solar radiation and the temperature in “Zarzis” (southeastern of Tunisia), a comparative analysis among the different PV panel types was given. Additionally, to find which technologies are suitable for the climate conditions of this area, it is important to compare the effect of temperature and solar radiation on their performances.
The effects of board size and board composition on CSR disclosure: a study of banking sectors in Bangladesh
Authors: Rouf Md. Abdur , Hossan Md. Alamgir 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to provide a profound understanding of the nature and extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in the annual report by the listed banking sectors in Bangladesh for examining the effect of board size and board composition on CSR disclosure.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample selected of all the 30 listed banks enlisted in the Dhaka Stock Exchange and the study used a content analysis approach. An ordinary least square regression model is fitted to the data for assessing the effect of independent variables on the total CSR disclosure score. An un-weighted approach has been used for this study.

Findings
The results of the study demonstrate that the extent of CSR disclosure of listed banks in Bangladesh varies from 11.11% to 73.33%, and on average, they report 45.37% and 43.44%, respectively. Moreover, the study observed a significant relationship between the proportion of female directors and CSR disclosure. Conversely, board size has been found no significant relationship with the CSR disclosure but the proportion of independent directors has been found a significant relationship with the CSR disclosure in the annual report by the listed banking sectors in Bangladesh.

Social implications
The study is expected to get a maximum scenario of CSR disclosure of banking sectors in Bangladesh. Government and other regulatory bodies can also get full information concerning CSR disclosure practices for formulating guidelines in this regard. If the Government of Bangladesh implicates the policies that the banks are to nominate a required number of female directors to boards, the consideration of the significant number of female directors and their power will be able to protect the interests of different stakeholder groups notably.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the CSR literature as it presents empirical evidence of the effects of board size and board composition on the CSR disclosure of banking sectors in developing countries such as Bangladesh.
The role of real estate and gold as inflation hedges: the Islamic influence
Authors: Gulseven Osman , Ekici Ozgun 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to understand how aversion to interest income in Islam may influence the demand for real estate and gold when inflation is rampant.

Design/methodology/approach
According to Markowitz’s mean-variance model, an optimal portfolio is one that blends maximum return with minimum variance. In investment portfolios, real estate and gold serve as inflation hedges. For religious reasons, many Muslims exclude interest-earning assets from their portfolios, however. This paper explores how this attitude influences the hedging role of real estate and gold when inflation is rampant. This paper compares optimal portfolios that include and do not include interest-earning assets. In the calculations, this study uses monthly Turkish data from 1997 until 2018.

Findings
The analysis shows that the best hedging instrument against inflation is an interest-earning asset. In its absence, the role of real estate and gold as inflation hedges markedly increases: For a medium-return and medium-risk portfolio, for instance, the portfolio share of gold holdings increases from 3.16% to 58.43% and that for real estate increases from 14.97% to 24.06%.

Originality/value
This paper is a pioneering work on the influence of Islam on the roles of real estate and gold as inflation hedges when inflation is rampant. It provides an explanation from financial theory for the strong real estate and gold demand in Turkey in the past two decades.
New SEC variable contract summary prospectus rules: an implementation project plan
Authors: Conner W. Thomas , Segal Nathaniel , Sanders John M. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
To analyze the SEC’s newly adopted Rule 498 A, the variable contract summary prospectus rule, and concurrently adopted prospectus disclosure requirements in order to propose to insurance companies issuing variable contracts a project implementation plan for companies seeking SEC approval for summary prospectuses compliant with the new rules.

Design/methodology/approach
Discusses the history, requirements, effects, and expected implementation timeline of the new rules, then offers a detailed project plan and timeline for compliance.

Findings
The Rule does not require insurers to use summary prospectuses, but there are several compelling reasons for doing so. The Rule allows insurers to use a new concise and brief selling document, and by so doing to begin generating very significant cost savings as soon as May 1, 2021. The article provides a detailed implementation plan for insurance companies that want to comply with the new prospectus disclosure requirements and implement policies and procedures to begin using summary prospectuses.

Practical implications
A coordinated project implementation plan like that outlined in the article might assist insurance companies to make the requisite statutory prospectus revisions and prepare and obtain SEC approval of summary prospectuses by May 1, 2021.

Originality/value
Analysis from experienced attorneys who frequently advise insurance companies issuing fixed and variable annuities, and assist clients in navigating the complex regulatory requirements governing insurance and securities products.
Retiring early for being emotionally exhausted or staying committed at workplace: a mediation analysis
Authors: Singla Himanshu , Singh Amandeep , Mehta Pooja 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Based on the job demands–resources (JD-R) model, this study aims to answer a key research question, i.e. can the job characteristics (i.e. job demands and resources) affect intention to retire early? Additionally, a mediating effect of emotional exhaustion and organizational commitment on the relationships of job demands and job resources, respectively, with early retirement intentions has been explored in the study.

Design/methodology/approach
The data has been collected from survey of 450 employees from the banking sector in the state of Punjab (India). A structured questionnaire adapted from past literature has been used as survey instrument for the study. Partial least squares structural equation modelling has been applied in the study using latest version of SmartPLS (version 3.2.8) software.

Findings
Both job resources and job demands have a direct significant impact on early retirement intentions. Moreover, a significant partial mediation effect of emotional exhaustion and affective organizational commitment has also been found out on the relationship of job demands and job resources with early retirement intentions, respectively.

Originality/value
The study makes incremental contribution by highlighting the role of both deterrent and motivational factors that either instigate or discourage early retirement intentions among employees. It offers valuable insights for the organizations to use efforts for curtailing the excessive job demands that lead to emotional exhaustion and further result in early retirement intentions. Besides this, adequate job resources should be provided to the employees that lead to the development of affective organizational commitment, which further helps in sustaining the workforce until their actual retirement age.
The concept of the level playing field: Assessing fairness in electoral competition
Authors: Sawer Marian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn 2019, the High Court of Australia used the term ‘level playing field’ no less than 18 times when considering limits on electoral campaign expenditure. This article examines the usefulness of this metaphor when assessing the opportunity to compete in elections on an equal basis. It shows that the metaphor is often used in electoral jurisprudence and by electoral monitoring bodies, but rarely subject to analysis. One place where it has been analysed is in the democratisation literature, where it is defined in terms of access to state resources, media, and the law. However, it needs further elaboration to make it useful in analysing the fairness of electoral competition in established democracies. The assumption of only two teams, incumbents and opposition, needs to be modified through considering the hierarchy of incumbency benefits. A case study of the 2019 Australian federal election illustrates the differential access to state resources of electoral contenders as well as the need to add the role of private money to the attributes of the playing field. It finds that although there has been some levelling of the playing field at the State and Territory level, at the federal level there has been further tilting.
Screening soft information: evidence from loan officers
Authors: Wang James 
Published: December 2020

AbstractI evaluate how loan officers screen uncodified, soft information using data from China. After documenting substantial differences in loan decisions and outcomes across loan officers, I develop and estimate a screening model incorporating screening ability and beliefs regarding ability. Estimates imply that the typical loan officer is risk‐averse, has heterogeneous screening ability, and behaves overconfidently—behaving as if he or she observes more from soft information than what the data would indicate. However, I still find that loan officers offer value over benchmarks that ignore soft information. Counterfactuals on compensation, loan assignment, and training further explore the limits of screening.
MBHdesign: An R‐package for efficient spatial survey designs
Authors: Foster Scott D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

A considered survey design will generate data that are representative of the population that the sample is taken from. All good design takes is a little thought, some information and some good software tools.

Spatially balanced randomisation with unequal inclusion probabilities is a modern and efficient design method. These designs are embedded within sampling theory and should be easy to generate.

The R‐package MBHdesign allows field researchers easy access to these designs. It implements point‐based and transect‐based methods and allows for the incorporation of legacy sites.

The functionality of the package is illustrated with example designs in an environmentally heterogeneous region.
Clinical impact of long PR‐interval and presence of late gadolinium enhancement on hospitalized patients with non‐ischemic heart failure
Authors: Yamada Shinya , Yoshihisa Akiomi , Kaneshiro Takashi , Amami Kazuaki , Hijioka Naoko , Misaka Tomofumi , Yokokawa Tetsuro , Takeishi Yasuchika 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe combination of electrical and structural remodeling may have a strong effect on the prognosis of non‐ischemic heart failure (HF). We aimed to clarify whether prolonged PR‐interval and the presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) influence the outcomes of patients with non‐ischemic HF.MethodsWe studied 262 consecutive hospitalized patients with non‐ischemic HF. In a clinically stable condition, a 12‐lead electrocardiogram and CMR were performed, and the clinical characteristics and outcomes were investigated.ResultsDuring the follow‐up of 967.7 ± 851.8 days, there were 68 (25.9%) cardiac events (HF or sudden death, re‐hospitalization due to HF, or ventricular tachyarrhythmias). In a multivariable analysis, a median rate‐adjusted PR (PRa)‐interval of ≥173.5 ms and the presence of LGE were associated with cardiac events with a hazard ratio of 1.690 and 2.045 (p = .044 and p = .006, respectively). Study subjects were then divided into four groups based on long (≥173.5 ms) or short (<173.5 ms) PRa‐interval and LGE status: short PRa/non‐LGE (n = 80), long PRa/non‐LGE (n = 72), short PRa/LGE (n = 51), and long PRa/LGE (n = 59). Cardiac events were 16.2% in short PRa/non‐LGE, 25.0% in long PRa/non‐LGE, 27.4% in short PRa/LGE, and 38.9% in long PRa/LGE (p = .026), respectively. The multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that long PRa/LGE was an independent predictor for cardiac events compared to short PRa/non‐LGE (hazard ratio, 3.378, p = .001).ConclusionsThe combination of a long PRa‐interval and the presence of LGE provide a better predictive value of cardiac events in non‐ischemic HF.
Corneal calcification of acellular porcine corneal stroma following lamellar keratoplasty
Authors: Li Hua , Dong Muchen , Zhou Qingjun , Zhao Long , Wang Fuyan , Wang Xin , Liu Ting , Xie Lixin , Shi Weiyun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo describe the corneal calcification of acellular porcine corneal stroma (APCS) following lamellar keratoplasty (LKP) and identify risk factors.MethodsTwo cases of APCS calcification were evaluated by slit‐lamp photography and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT). von Kossa staining and scanning electron microscope/energy‐dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS) were performed on pathologic tissue. Associated graft and postoperative risk factors were analysed. Acellular porcine corneal stroma (APCS) cleanliness and element content after rinsing with sterilized water were observed by SEM/EDS and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Calcium metabolism‐related proteins were analysed by protein mass spectrometry. Corneal epithelial defects and postoperative medications were reviewed.ResultsTwo cases of APCS calcification occurred at 23 and 22 days postoperatively. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) and von Kossa staining demonstrated calcium deposition in the superficial stroma composed of calcium, phosphorus and oxygen conforming to the Ca/P ratio of hydroxyapatite. Phosphate crystals were present on the APCS surface and decreased with number of rinsing times. The phosphorus content of APCS was minimal after rinsing 10 times and avoiding excessive corneal swelling. Calcium metabolism‐related proteins were downregulated in APCS. Patients with corneal calcification had 1‐week postoperative corneal epithelial defects and were treated with three types of phosphorous eyedrops.ConclusionsAcellular porcine corneal stroma (APCS) calcification occurs in the superficial corneal stroma about 1 month after LKP. The application of AS‐OCT, von Kossa staining and SEM/EDS provides a basis for the clinical and pathological diagnosis of corneal calcification. The associated risk factors were mainly high phosphorus content and downregulated calcium metabolism‐related proteins in APCS. Postoperative epithelial defects, inflammation and use of phosphorous eyedrops may promote corneal calcification.
Trajectories of academic achievement for students with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Lawrence David , Houghton Stephen , Dawson Vaille , Sawyer Michael , Carroll Annemaree 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with negative social and occupational outcomes across the life course. However, there has been limited population‐based research that quantifies the impact of ADHD on academic achievement and academic trajectories.AimsTo compare academic performance and academic trajectories of students with ADHD with students without a mental disorder.SampleData were drawn from Young Minds Matter, a national population‐based sample of 6,310 Australian children and adolescents aged 4–17 years. Using linked achievement test data, the academic performance and trajectories of 327 students with ADHD were compared with those of 3,916 students without a mental disorder.MethodsSurvey data were combined with scores on national standardized tests for literacy and numeracy over an 8‐year period.ResultsIn Year 3, students with ADHD were on average 1 year behind students with no mental disorder in reading and numeracy, and 9 months behind in writing. In Year 9, the gaps were much larger with students with ADHD on average 2.5 years behind in reading, 3 years behind in numeracy, and 4.5 years behind in writing.ConclusionsStudents with ADHD have substantially lower achievement in reading, writing, and numeracy. Writing was the most adversely affected domain. For example, in Year 9 students with ADHD were on average writing at a Year 5 level. Children and adolescents with ADHD need substantial support to manage inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Skilled remediation in literacy and numeracy is required throughout all school years.
Influence of sublimation transfer printing on alterations in the structural and physical properties of knitted fabrics
Authors: Stojanović Sandra , Geršak Jelka , Trajković Dušan , Ćirković Nenad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe influence of sublimation transfer printing on alteration of the structural and physical properties of knitted fabrics was investigated in this research study. Seven different knitted fabrics, which differed in terms of structure and raw material composition (polyester, cotton and cotton/polyester), were printed using the sublimation transfer technique. For the sublimation of cotton/polyester and cotton knitted fabrics, a coating powder was used for paper modification with the aim to bond reactive ink to the natural fibres. The influence of yarn parameters, pattern and the density of knitted fabrics on the degree of changes after the printing process was considered. Smaller changes in structural and physical properties were recorded for polyester knitted fabrics, while major changes in structure were observed in knitted fabrics containing cotton fibres, where were weight gain and reduction in geometrical roughness values. In addition, a significant change in density was recorded for polyester printed knitted fabrics. The parameters that influenced the colour difference results for polyester knitted fabrics were the yarn parameters and the pattern. Significantly high colour difference values were obtained for cotton (from 7.9 to 14.2) and cotton/polyester (from 8.5 to 14.4) knitted fabrics. The main reason for the high colour difference results was the alteration in the structure of the knitted fabrics.
Changes in dental hygiene students’ working posture following digital sound feedback
Authors: Sim Eun Bi , Park Bo Young , Lee Kyu Tae , Choi Eun Mi , Jeong Ju Hui , Yang Ji Hye , Moon Su Hyun , Noh Hie Jin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to observe changes in working posture by measuring the REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) score of dental hygiene students according to digital sound feedback linked with a smartphone application.MethodsThis study was conducted on 28 fourth‐year dental hygiene students who received theoretical and practical training on dental posture in the second year and then practised on mannequins and patients for about four semesters. Periodontal instrumentation was performed freely by applying digital sound notification feedback for four weeks after baseline, 30 minutes per week. REBA was measured after performing periodic structure construction without providing digital sound notification feedback for the last 1‐2 minutes. Follow‐up was conducted the same way 2‐3 weeks after the intervention period.ResultsThe REBA score for total, neck and trunk of all subjects showed statistically significant decreases post‐intervention compared with the baseline scores (total p < .001, neck p < .001 and trunk p = .042).ConclusionsA digital sound feedback system was shown to be effective in encouraging correct working posture in dental hygiene students by helping them improve their REBA scores.