bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of farmers' perspective in support of the modernization of national irrigation systems in the Philippines*
Authors: Delos Reyes Mona Liza F. , Schultz Bart 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe National Irrigation Administration (NIA) has been involving farmer‐irrigators of national irrigation systems (NIS) in planning system improvement and management since the 1980s. It has conducted various organization‐strengthening and capacity‐building programmes for members of irrigators associations. Unfortunately, unauthorized diversions, vandalism of structures, over‐irrigation in upstream farms while downstream farms fall dry, conflicts over water distribution, and non‐adoption of field‐demonstrated water‐saving techniques still occur in several systems.Consultation‐workshops were conducted with farmer representatives of two small‐scale NIS to gain understanding of the causes of such social disharmony, which hinders good system performance. The present case study was specifically aimed at the following: examining the farmer‐irrigators' desired physical structures, system operation, water distribution rules, and institutional arrangements for their respective NIS vis‐à‐vis their envisioned quality of water delivery service; determining the levels of consistency of the desired irrigation technology and techniques; and generating data input for formulating programmes aimed at enhancing farmer‐irrigators' appreciation of the operational procedures and mechanisms of water delivery.The results of the consultation‐workshops showed conflicting farmers' preferences for system modernization options. The findings implied that a participatory approach to system modernization planning would be more fruitful when farmers are equipped to make informed choices on possible improvement solutions.
Comparative proteomic analysis reveals cytotoxicity induced by graphene oxide exposure in A549 cells
Authors: Liao Yanyan , Wang Weiyi , Li Zhihui , Wang Yahong , Zhang Lu , Huang Xiaomei , Cai Peng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSeveral studies in recent years have demonstrated the broad application prospects of graphene and its derivatives in many fields such as composite material industry, energy storage, antimicrobial materials, and biomedicine. Large‐scale production and wide application also bring greater potential exposure risks, and there has been an increasing concern about the potential health hazards of graphene nanomaterials. In the present study, we exploited nonlabeled proteomics and bioinformatics analysis to examine the proteomic response to graphene oxide (GO) and unveil a systematic view of molecular targets and possible mechanisms underlying cytotoxicity of GO in A549 cells. Overall, 89 proteins were found to be differentially expressed at different exposure levels. These differentially expressed proteins were involved in several biological processes and signal transduction pathways such as messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing, negative regulation of plasminogen activation, extracellular matrix organization, positive regulation of cell migration, complement and coagulation cascades, p53 signaling pathway, and transcriptional misregulation in cancer. It is suggested that GO may exert toxic effects on cells by regulating gene transcription, immune response, cell growth, and apoptosis. Ingenuity pathway analysis showed that SMARCA4, TGF‐β1, and TP53 were located at the center of the protein interaction network and considered as key node proteins regulating GO toxicity. In general, these findings will augment our knowledge of the involved mechanisms and aid in developing develop useful biomarkers for GO‐induced pulmonary toxicity.
Tax avoidance and over‐investment: The role of the information environment
Authors: Ha Joohyung , Feng Mingming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigate whether the association between tax avoidance and over‐investment is moderated by a firm's information environment. Prior research (Blaylock, 2016) finds no association between tax avoidance and over‐investment, but the study did not consider the impact of financial reporting quality (FRQ). It seems likely that FRQ is a moderating variable because Balakrishnan, Blouin, and Guay (2012) find that a firm's information environment is affected by tax planning while Biddle and Hilary (2006) find that FRQ is negatively associated with investment. We find that tax avoidance is positively associated with over‐investment when the information environment is weak, and that having a richer information environment mitigates this association. Our results are robust across multiple measures of tax avoidance and multiple proxies for the quality of the information environment. In addition, our results hold after propensity score matching, controlling for governance and the firm's internal resources, partitioning on managerial ability, and in a change analysis. These findings highlight the important role of financial information in corporate investment behavior and enhance our understanding of the link between tax avoidance and agency costs.
Construction and validation of a self‐direction measure for mental health care
Authors: de Vries Arie , Tiemens Bea , Cillessen Linda , Hutschemaekers Giel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aims were to describe and develop a measure of the concept of the active self as self‐direction and to assess the extent to which clients in a mental healthcare setting were becoming self‐directive instead of being directed by their therapist.MethodsA panel of experts was formed to discuss the concept self‐direction and to formulate a tentative model of self‐direction. An initial questionnaire was constructed. A cross‐section of clients completed the questionnaire to evaluate its validity and reliability with exploratory factor analysis.ResultsA 31‐item questionnaire was constructed that included six factors that measured actorship, commitment, demoralization, readiness, understanding, and monitoring progress and two broader underlying factors called gaining control and loss of control.ConclusionThe developed questionnaire measures the degree to which people are experiencing self‐direction in their lives, and their capability of solving their problems.
Antiretrovirals for Prophylaxis Against COVID‐19: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Alavian Golbarg , Kolahdouzan Kasra , Mortezazadeh Masoud , Torabi Zahra Sadat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough people living with human immunodeficiency virus and other comorbidities are expected to experience more grievous consequences with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), recent cohort studies did not indicate this. Antiretrovirals (ARVs) might have a prophylactic role in these patients. The purpose of this study was to review the most recently published articles on the possible role of ARVs for pre‐ or postexposure prophylaxis against COVID‐19. From June to October 2020, we searched scientific databases using specific key words to identify ongoing trials or articles published before October 2020 investigating any subgroups of ARVs for prophylaxis against COVID‐19. Apart from molecular docking studies, in vitro, animal, and human studies are very limited for evaluating the prophylactic role of ARVs against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐corona virus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. According to our findings, there is no definite evidence to support use of protease inhibitors for this purpose, despite the promising results of molecular studies and limited clinical evidence for ritonavir‐boosted lopinavir, darunavir, and nelfinavir when used early in the course of the disease. Nucleotide/nucleoside reverse‐transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) also have shown binding affinity to main enzymes of SARS‐CoV‐2 in molecular, in vitro, and animal studies. NRTIs like tenofovir and emtricitabine might exhibit a prophylactic role against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In conclusion, currently there is no evidence to justify the use of ARVs for prophylaxis against COVID‐19.
Correlation between Advanced Dental Admission Test performance and dental MATCH success
Authors: Deek Joseph , Albright David A. , John Vanchit , Tang Qing , Stewart Kelton T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesThe Advanced Dental Admissions Test was developed in 2016 to aid residency programs evaluate qualified applicants. Since its conception, however, there have been no studies seeking to evaluate the usefulness of the exam regarding an applicants’ ability to match with a residency program through the Postdoctoral Dental Matching Program (MATCH). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Advanced Dental Admission Test performance on student MATCH success into a post‐doctoral pediatric residency program.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated the academic records of pediatric residency applicants using the ADEA PASS and MATCH program between 2017 and 2019. Five scholastic and 7 demographic variables were extracted from student ADEA PASS applications. Applicant MATCH status and preference was obtained from the Postdoctoral Dental Matching Program. Descriptive statistics for each application cycle was calculated and used to evaluate applicant demographic and scholastic data. Correlation coefficients assessed for associations between scholastic/demographic factors and MATCH status/preference. Logistic regression models estimated the probability of MATCH status/preference. Significance was set at 5%.ResultsAn association was found between ADAT scores and MATCH status, but the influence was minimal (odds ratio: 1.004, 95% confidence interval: 1.001‐1.008). Applicant age (P < 0.0216) and dental schools that ranked students (P < 0.0002) were the most significant factors for MATCH status and preference, respectively.ConclusionsADAT scores played a minimal role in applicants matching to pediatric residency programs. Applicant age and schools that provide class ranks were found to be significant predictors when considering MATCH status and preference to pediatric residency programs.
Morphological and scanning electron microscopic studies of the lingual papillae of the tongue of the goat (Capra hircus)
Authors: Mahdy Mohamed A. A. , Abdalla Kamal E. H. , Mohamed Salma A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe morphology of different lingual papillae of the Egyptian goats was studied by gross observation, scanning electron microscopy, and light microscopy. According to function, two types of papillae were present; mechanical (filiform, conical and lenticular papillae) and gustatory papillae (fungiform and vallate papillae). Two types of filiform papillae were detected with different shape and position. Moreover, two types of conical and lenticular papillae could be recognized on the lingual torus. Abundant fungiform papillae were found on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the tip of the tongue. The vallate papillae had also different shapes. Taste buds were demonstrated within the epithelium of the dorsal surfaces of the fungiform papillae and the lateral surfaces of the vallate papillae. In addition, a longitudinal row of large papillae was located on the lateral aspect of the tongue in relation to the filiform papillae. These papillae were suggested to be called elongated conical papillae and may be considered as ones of the lingual papillae. In conclusion, the current study provides a detailed description of the different lingual papillae of the Egyptian goat's tongue. Presence of different types and shapes of mechanical and gustatory lingual papillae in goats' tongue suggests a high degree of functional adaptation to their diet.
Authentication of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Trucz.) Schischk and its two adulterants based on their macroscopic morphology and microscopic characteristics
Authors: Chang Furui , Yu Donghui , Wang Huan , Qu Shouhe , Wang Dongmei , Liu Xiaoqiu , Pan Yingni 
Published: November 2020

Abstract“Fangfeng” in Chinese Materia Medica refers to the dried root of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Trucz.) Schischk. The confusion regarding the species emerged centuries ago. Various medicinal plants from the family Umbelliferae have been documented under the name Fangfeng or other similar names in different areas of China. However, the efficacy and chemical profiles of these herbs can vary widely. In recent years, studies on medicinal material markets have revealed that “ChoutaiFangfeng” and “ShiFangfeng” are sold as Fangfeng. Previous studies on the differences among these herbs were not accurate; therefore, comprehensive authentication of these species is required. Investigation of the microscopic features of the transverse sections and powders of herbs is of great significance in identifying traditional Chinese medicine. This approach offers the advantages of easy operation and rapid results. In this study, microscopic observation of cross‐sectional tissues and powders of the herbs was performed using common light microscopy and polarized light microscopy, respectively, to identify Fangfeng, ChoutaiFangfeng, and ShiFangfeng. We found that phloem, clefts, and other significant tissue characteristics can be used to distinguish Fangfeng herbs. The developed method can also be applied to distinguish counterfeits of Fangfeng. Moreover, the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of Fangfeng and its two adulterants were determined.
Detection of microplastics in human colectomy specimens
Authors: Ibrahim Yusof Shuaib , Tuan Anuar Sabiqah , Azmi Alyza A , Wan Mohd Khalik Wan Mohd Afiq , Lehata Shumpei , Hamzah Siti Rabaah , Ismail Dzulkiflee , Ma Zheng Feei , Dzulkarnaen Andee , Zakaria Zaidi , Mustaffa Nazri , Tuan Sharif Sharifah Emilia , Lee Yeong Yeh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimWhile dietary exposure to microplastics is increasingly recognized, it is unknown if ingested plastics remain within the digestive tract. We aimed to examine human colectomy specimens for microplastics and to report the characteristics as well as polymer composition of the particles.MethodsColectomy samples were obtained from 11 adults (mean age 45.7, six males) who were residents of Northeastern Peninsular Malaysia. Microplastics were identified following chemical digestion of specimens and subsequent filtration. The samples were then examined for characteristics (abundance, length, shape, and color) and composition of three common polymer types using stereo‐ and Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) microscopes.ResultsMicroplastics were detected in all 11 specimens with an average of 331 particles/individual specimen or 28.1 ± 15.4 particles/g tissue. Filaments or fibers accounted for 96.1% of particles, and 73.1% of all filaments were transparent. Out of 40 random filaments from 10 specimens (one had indeterminate spectra patterns), 90% were polycarbonate, 50% were polyamide, and 40% were polypropylene.ConclusionOur study suggests that microplastics are ubiquitously present in the human colon.
Trends in acute viral gastroenteritis among children aged ≤5 years through the national surveillance system in South Korea, 2013–2019
Authors: Cho Seung‐Rye , Chae Su‐Jin , Jung Sunyoung , Choi Wooyoung , Han Myung‐Guk , Yoo Cheon‐Kwon , Lee Deog‐Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcute gastroenteritis is a global public health concern. This study aimed to analyze the trend and characteristics of acute viral gastroenteritis through a national surveillance network. Enteric viruses were detected in 9510 of 31,750 (30.1%) cases assessed from 2013 to 2019 by EnterNet. The most prevalent pathogens were norovirus (15.2%) and group A rotavirus (9.7%); most infections were reported in 2017 (34.0%). Norovirus and rotavirus coinfections were the most common. Norovirus infections were prevalent among 1‐year‐old children (1835 out of 9510 cases) during winter, and group A rotavirus infections were common during spring. Seasonality was not observed among enteric adenovirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus. The prevalent viral genotypes detected included norovirus GII.4, enteric adenovirus F41, astrovirus genotype 1, and sapovirus GI.1. However, changes in enteric virus trends were noted during the study period. Norovirus prevalence extended into spring, and new genotypes of enteric adenovirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus were identified. These surveillance data elucidate enteric virus epidemiological characteristics.
Reassessment of practical usage and accumulation of real‐world data of wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) in Japan—Design paper for J‐WCDR study
Authors: Niwano Shinichi , Abe Haruhiko , Takagi Masahiko , Sekiguchi Yukio , Iwasaki Yu‐Ki , Kato Ritsushi , Kondo Yusuke , Kurita Takashi , Nitta Takashi , Nogami Akihiko ,   J‐WCDR investigators
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are a powerful preventive therapy for cardiac sudden death, there are some populations in whom ICDs cannot be applied because of a lack of a definitive indication (grey‐zone patients), such as in patients during the acute phase of cardiac injury with a susceptible risk for lethal arrhythmias. In such patients, wearable cardioverter defibrillators (WCDs) provide safer bridging period during the acute phase until the final decision‐making for the ICD use and it may eliminate any inappropriate overuse of ICDs in the subacute phase. The JCS/JHRS practical guidelines provide the criteria for WCD use in Japan. Nevertheless, the evidence for that is totally limited in Japan and is dependent on the accumulation of actual real‐world data from other countries in order to be able to discuss the appropriate criteria for WCD use. This study will be conducted retrospectively and/or prospectively, and is an observational and multicenter study among Japanese institutions (J‐WCDR, Japan WCD Registry). This will provide evidence for WCD use in our own country and contribute to upcoming updates for the future guideline revisions.
Impacts of the Madden–Julian oscillation on precipitation extremes in Indonesia
Authors: Muhammad Fadhlil R. , Lubis Sandro W. , Setiawan Sonni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe influence of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on the precipitation extremes in Indonesia during the rainy season (October to April) has been evaluated using the daily station rain gauge data from 1987 to 2017 and the gridded Asian Precipitation–Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE) from 1998 to 2015 for different phases of the MJO. The results show that MJO significantly modulates the frequency of extreme precipitation events in Indonesia, with the magnitude of the impact varying across regions. Specifically, the convectively active (suppressed) MJO increases (decreases) the probability of extreme precipitation events over the western and central parts of Indonesia by up to 70% (40%). In the eastern part of Indonesia, MJO increases (decreases) extreme precipitation probability by up to 50% (40%). We attribute the differences in the probability of extreme precipitation events to the changes in the horizontal moisture flux convergence induced by MJO. The results indicate that the MJO provides the source of predictability of daily extreme precipitation in Indonesia.
A bio‐available strontium isoscape for eastern Beringia: a tool for tracking landscape use of Pleistocene megafauna
Authors: Funck Juliette , Bataille Clement , Rasic Jeffrey , Wooller Matthew 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTNumerous paleoecological questions concern the mobility of ancient fauna in eastern Beringia. Strontium (Sr) isotope ratio (87Sr/86Sr) analysis has emerged as a powerful tracer for determining the provenance of ancient biological materials. However, it is important to characterize 87Sr/86Sr variation across a landscape. We measured the 87Sr/86Sr composition of teeth from present‐day, herbivorous rodents (n = 162) sampled from across eastern Beringia to estimate bio‐available 87Sr/86Sr values. We compiled these data with the very limited number of previously published 87Sr/86Sr values from the region. We then used this dataset and a machine learning, random‐forest regression to predict bio‐available 87Sr/86Sr variations across eastern Beringia. As a case study using our new 87Sr/86Sr map (isoscape), we measured the 87Sr/86Sr and oxygen stable isotope values (δ18O) of five radiocarbon‐dated steppe bison from eastern Beringia and compared these to our 87Sr/86Sr isoscape and a δ18O isoscape to estimate the probable landscape use of these ancient fauna. Our model and isoscape provide important foundations for a wide range of additional applications, including studies of the paleo‐mobility of other fauna, ancient people and present‐day fauna in eastern Beringia.
The Experiences of Minors Seeking Asylum in the United States: A Modified Consensual Qualitative Research Analysis
Authors: Sangmo Lodoe , DiRisio Aislyn C. , D'Andrea Megan R. , Singer‐Pomerantz Safia , Baranowski Kim A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMinors fleeing violence in their countries of origin constitute a significant portion of asylum seekers in the United States. Medical and mental health professionals provide continuity care services and offer pro bono forensic evaluations for this population to document evidence of human rights abuses and torture. The present study included a retrospective, qualitative chart review of deidentified personal declarations and clinician medico–legal affidavits associated with 36 asylum seekers under 21 years of age. Data were analyzed through a modified consensual qualified research (CQR‐M) approach to identify patterns in these individuals’ reports of persecution and assess health outcomes. Among the cases studied, violence by organized criminal groups (47.2%), family‐based violence (44.4%), and gender‐based violence (44.4%) were the most commonly cited reasons minors sought asylum. Evaluators documented a wide range of psychological sequelae: 80.5% of minors presented with clinically significant symptoms associated with trauma‐ and stressor‐related disorders, depression, and/or anxiety at the time of their applications for asylum. Of note, almost three‐quarters of the minors reported current enrollment in school and two‐thirds reported factors related to adaptive functioning. Despite reported exposure to premigratory and migratory trauma, postmigratory stressors, and psychological sequelae related to their experiences of violence, these young asylum seekers exhibited signs of resilience and a range of health‐promoting strengths.