bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of an amphoteric polymer as a high‐temperature‐resistant shale stabilizer in water‐based drilling fluids
Authors: Jiang Guancheng , Wang Kai , He Yinbo , Yang Lili , Li Xinliang , Deng Yu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo meet the increasing requirement of stabilizing shale under high‐temperature situation with the use of water‐based drilling fluids (WBDFs), the high‐performance shale stabilizer is an urgent need. In this study, an amphoteric copolymer of AM/DMDAAC/NVP (APC) was synthesized by acrylamide (AM), dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC), and N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and used as a high temperature‐resistant shale stabilizer. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed the successful synthesis of APC. The inhibitive performance of APC was systematically evaluated and compared with three other commonly used shale stabilizers, including the anionic potassium polyacrylamide (KPAM), cationic poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PD), and amphoteric polymer FA367. The results demonstrated that APC displayed excellent performance on the linear swelling test, hot‐rolling recovery experiment, and shale immersion test. Furthermore, APC combined the advantages of high shale recovery percentages of PD and maintaining shale pellet integrity of KPAM, avoiding the drawbacks of enormous filtration volume of PD and low shale recovery percentages of KPAM. These great properties indicated that APC would be suitable as a shale stabilizer in WBDF to drill high‐temperature shale formation.
Development of 18 microsatellite markers for Salvia pratensis
Authors: Krak Karol , Vít Petr , Douda Jan , Mandák Bohumil 
Published: January 2020

PremiseMicrosatellite markers were developed for the perennial herb Salvia pratensis (Lamiaceae), a species representative of European dry grasslands. The development of microsatellite markers is needed for genetic and phylogeographical studies of species from the genus Salvia.Methods and ResultsWe used low‐coverage Illumina sequencing to identify microsatellite loci. Based on these data, we have developed 18 polymorphic microsatellite markers with the number of alleles per locus ranging from two to 15. The levels of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.05 to 0.95 and from 0.05 to 0.89, respectively. The majority of the markers successfully cross‐amplified in other Salvia species.ConclusionsThe markers were shown to be suitable for population genetic and phylogeographic studies in S. pratensis as well as in related species (S. aethiopis, S. austriaca, S. glutinosa, S. nemorosa, S. nutans, and S. verticillata) and will be used in the broader context to trace the origins of European dry grasslands.
Pushing the limits of General Relativity beyond the Big Bang singularity
Authors: Zen Vasconcellos César A. , Hadjimichef Dimiter , Razeira Moisés , Volkmer Guilherme , Bodmann Benno 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe predictions of General Relativity suggest a universe in which, as we follow time backward, the hotter and the more dense it was, and the more rapidly it was expanding and that, around 13.7 billion years ago, at the extreme gravitational regime of its evolutionary process, the density, temperature, and expansion rate of the universe would start off as infinite. The General Relativity prediction of a singularity in the early universe would impose a limitation to our understanding of the cosmos and gravity, implying loss of logic and of formal consistency and predictability, making it impossible to impose initial conditions. These extreme conditions of the initial state of the universe are very far from our experimental possibilities, and presently, theoretical models allow only speculations about the avoidance of physical singularities or about the physical conditions that allow circumvent this drastic consequence of General Relativity. Speculations aside, in this study, we follow an analytical line in which we apply the tools of singular semi‐Riemannian geometry to push the limits of General Relativity beyond the Big Bang singularity.
Modified staging system for gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma based on American Joint Committee on Cancer and European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society systems
Authors: Lu J , Zhao Y J , Zhou Y , He Q , Tian Y , Hao H , Qiu X , Jiang L , Zhao G , Huang C-M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The prognostic values of the AJCC staging system for gastric cancer (GC-AJCC), the AJCC staging system for gastric neuroendocrine tumours (NET-AJCC) and the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) system for gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MA)NEC remain controversial.

Methods
Data on patients with (MA)NEC from 21 centres in China were analysed. Different staging systems were evaluated by performing Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and calculating the concordance index (C-index) and Akaike information criterion (AIC). Based on three existing systems, a modified staging system (mTNM) was developed.

Results
A total of 871 patients were included. In the GC-AJCC system, an overlap was noticed for pT2 and pT3 categories. Patients with stage IIIC disease had a similar prognosis to those with stage IV disease. The pT categories of the NET-AJCC system had a lower C-index and higher AIC than those of the other systems. In the ENETS system, there was a low proportion (0·2 per cent) of patients with stage IIIA and a high proportion (67·6 per cent) of stage IIIB disease. The mTNM system adopted the NET-AJCC pT and GC-AJCC pN and pM definitions, and was developed based on the ENETS stage definitions. The proportion of patients in each stage was better distributed and the mTNM system showed improved prognostic performance in predicting overall and disease-free survival.

Conclusion
The mTNM system offers more accurate prognostic value for gastric (MA)NEC than the AJCC or ENETS staging systems.
Exploring the social cognition network in young adults with autism spectrum disorder using graph analysis
Authors: Vagnetti Roberto , Pino Maria Chiara , Masedu Francesco , Peretti Sara , Le Donne Ilenia , Rossi Rodolfo , Valenti Marco , Mazza Monica 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by an impairment in social cognition (SC). SC is a cognitive construct that refers to the capacity to process information about social situations. It is a complex network that includes distinct components. Exploring how SC components work together leads to a better understanding of how their interactions promote adequate social functioning. Our main goal was to use a novel statistical method, graph theory, to analyze SC relationships in ASD and Typically Developing (TD) individuals.MethodsWe applied graph theory to SC measures to verify how the SC components interact and to establish which of them are important within the interacting SC network for TD and ASD groups.ResultsThe results showed that, in the TD group, the SC nodes are connected; their network showed increased betweenness among nodes, especially for the Theory of Mind. By contrast, in the SC network in the ASD group the nodes are highly disconnected, and the efficient connection among the components is absent.ConclusionASD adults do not show SC competencies and functional communication among these skills. Under this regard, specific components are crucial, suggesting they could represent critical domains for ASD SC.
Carbon risk management and corporate competitive advantages: “Differential promotion” or “cost hindrance”?
Authors: Zhou Zhifang , Zhang Lingyan , Lin Li , Zeng Huixiang , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGiven the strengthening of carbon regulations and the launch of emission trading scheme in China, companies are facing tremendous pressure to reduce carbon emissions, suggesting the necessity of understanding whether carbon risk management may affect corporate financial benefits. Therefore, this paper empirically demonstrates the influence of carbon risk management on corporate competitive advantages. We find that the relationship between carbon risk management and corporate competitive advantages is a “kuznets curve” that exists only among firms with weak product competition. And this relationship tends to be weakened in firms with a distant administrative hierarchy. We conclude that the influence of low carbon management on corporate competitive advantages is complicated and subject to the firm's political relevance.
miR‐215‐5p decreases migration and invasion of trophoblast cells through regulating CDC6 in preeclampsia
Authors: Yang Xiuhua , Meng Tao 
Published: January 2020

Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious disease that occurs after 20 weeks during pregnancy. There are some aberrant microRNAs (miRNAs) that are associated with the etiology of PE. As discovered by scholars, there was an increased level of miR‐215‐5p in plasma of PE patients compared with the control group; nonetheless, there is still no knowledge of the mechanism of miR‐215‐5p in PE. We carried out the comparison of the expression levels of miR‐215‐5p, and the supposed target gene cell division cycle 6 (CDC6) in 30 placentas from PE patients as well as 30 placentas from normal pregnant women. The verification of the impacts of miR‐215‐5p and CDC6 was carried out by functional assays in HTR‐8/SVneo cells transfected with the miR‐215‐5p mimic or siR‐CDC6. As indicated by findings, miR‐215‐5p showed an apparent increase; conversely, CDC6 was inhibited in the experiment group. The upregulation of miR‐215‐5p inhibited both the migration and invasive potential of trophoblasts, besides decreasing the G1‐S transition and downregulating CDC6 in HTR‐8/SVneo cells; nonetheless, it did not significantly impact the cell proliferation. Furthermore, siR‐CDC6 replicated the functions of the miR‐215‐5p mimic. Also, the miR‐215‐5p mimic and siR‐CDC6 both decreased the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) with additional E‐cadherin level and decreased the expressions of N‐cadherin as well as vimentin in trophoblast cells. To conclude, miR‐215‐5p decreased not only the migration but also the invasion of trophoblasts through regulating CDC6, which indicated that miR‐215‐5p might be associated with the etiology of PE.Significance of the studyMore and more attention has been paid on the roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of PE. However, there is no study of miR‐215‐5p in the etiology of PE. We first investigated the mechanism of miR‐215‐5p in placental tissues and HTR‐8/SVneo cells. It was suggested that miR‐215‐5p decreased the abilities of migration and invasion of trophoblasts through regulating CDC6 in PE. miR‐215‐5p might be used as an target for the early diagnosis and treatment of PE in the future.
The Machado–Joseph disease‐associated form of ataxin‐3 impacts dynamics of clathrin‐coated pits
Authors: Rosselli‐Murai Luciana K. , Joseph Jophin G. , Lopes‐Cendes Iscia , Liu Allen P. , Murai Marcelo J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExpansion above a certain threshold in the polyglutamine (polyQ) tract of ataxin‐3 is the main cause of neurodegeneration in Machado–Joseph disease. Ataxin‐3 contains an N‐terminal catalytic domain, called Josephin domain, and a highly aggregation‐prone C‐terminal domain containing the polyQ tract. Recent work has shown that protein aggregation inhibits clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME). However, the effects of polyQ expansion in ataxin‐3 on CME have not been investigated. We hypothesize that the expansion of the polyQ tract in ataxin‐3 could impact CME. Here, we report that both the wild‐type and the expanded ataxin‐3 reduce transferrin internalization and expanded ataxin‐3 impacts dynamics of clathrin‐coated pits (CCPs) by reducing CCP nucleation and increasing short‐lived abortive CCPs. Since endocytosis plays a central role in regulating receptor uptake and cargo release, our work highlights a potential mechanism linking protein aggregation to cellular dysregulation.
Simplifying transfemoral ACURATE neo implantation using the TrueFlow nonocclusive balloon catheter
Authors: Toggweiler Stefan , Loretz Lucca , Brinkert Miriam , Bossard Matthias , Wolfrum Mathias , Moccetti Federico , Berte Benjamin , Cuculi Florim , Kobza Richard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of ACURATE neo transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) facilitated by predilatation with the nonocclusive TrueFlow balloon catheter.BackgroundNow that TAVR is moving forward, physicians have attempted to simplify and streamline the procedure and the so‐called minimalist approach has become more popular.MethodsWe enrolled 142 patients (mean age: 82 ± 5 years, 61% female) in a prospective registry. Patients at low risk for intraprocedural third‐degree atrioventricular block (AVB) underwent TAVR with the TrueFlow balloon without rapid pacing and without insertion of a provisional pacemaker (n = 121). The remaining 21 patients were predilated with rapid pacing using a provisional pacemaker and a standard balloon.ResultsPredilatation with the TrueFlow balloon was successful in all 121 patients. Postdilatation was less frequently required after predilatation with the TrueFlow (25% vs. 57%, p = .003). Moreover, median procedural duration with the TrueFlow was significantly shorter (42 [interquartile range, IQR: 34–53] vs. 55 [IQR: 46–61] min, p = .004). In‐hospital outcomes were similar. At 30 days, there was no mortality, two (1%) patients had suffered a stroke and only four (3%) had required implantation of a new pacemaker.ConclusionAmong patients with a low risk for intraprocedural third‐degree AVB, the TrueFlow nonocclusive balloon catheter facilitates implantation of the ACURATE neo without the necessity of rapid pacing and a provisional pacemaker.
Unusual Photoactive Water Oxidation Activity of Pt/PtOx Cocatalyst Decorated Crystalline α‐Fe2O3 Nanostructures: Exposed Facets Dependent Reactivity
Authors: Patra Astam K. , Amoli Vipin , Sinha Anil K. , Kim Dukjoon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA key challenge remains the preparation of an active and robust water oxidation photocatalyst with abundant earth materials. As a useful to improve photocatalytic efficiency, the development of α‐Fe2O3 nanocrystals with different exposed facets and interfaces has attracted enormous attention. But literature survey shows that α‐Fe2O3 nanomaterials were mainly used in photoelectrochemical cell for water splitting as anode materials. In this work, highly efficient Pt/PtOx cocatalyst decorated α‐Fe2O3 shaped‐photocatalysts were derived as photocatalyst for white light‐induced O2 generation from water without any electric potential. The maximum apparent quantum efficiency of photooxidation reaction was reached 55.33 % by Pt/PtOx decorated bitruncated‐dodecahedron shaped α‐Fe2O3 and around 30.5, 2.3, 1.28 times better than the Pt/PtOx decorated nanocuboid, nanorod and bitruncated‐octahedron shape respectively. The Pt/PtOx decorated bitruncated‐dodecahedron shaped α‐Fe2O3 display an unusual photooxidation activity with a high TOF (1.96×10−2 s−1) due to presence of destabilized and unsaturated Fe centre containing high energy {104} and {100} facets. The present findings clearly demonstrate that the selective O2 evolution from water can possible without any sacrificial agent.
Defect‐Engineered Ruthenium MOFs as Versatile Heterogeneous Hydrogenation Catalysts
Authors: Epp Konstantin , Luz Ignacio , Heinz Werner R. , Rapeyko Anastasia , Llabrés i Xamena Francesc X. , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRuthenium MOF [Ru3(BTC)2Yy] ⋅ Gg (BTC=benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylate; Y=counter ions=Cl−, OH−, OAc−; G=guest molecules=HOAc, H2O) is modified via a mixed‐linker approach, using mixtures of BTC and pyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate (PYDC) linkers, triggering structural defects at the distinct Ru2 paddlewheel (PW) nodes. This defect‐engineering leads to enhanced catalytic properties due to the formation of partially reduced Ru2‐nodes. Application of a hydrogen pre‐treatment protocol to the Ru−MOFs, leads to a further boost in catalytic activity. We study the benefits of (1) defect engineering and (2) hydrogen pre‐treatment on the catalytic activity of Ru−MOFs in the Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley reaction and the isomerization of allylic alcohols to saturated ketones. Simple solvent washing could not avoid catalyst deactivation during recycling for the latter reaction, while hydrogen treatment prior to each catalytic run proved to facilitate materials recyclability with constant activity over five runs.
A Newly Synthesized Tris(crown ether) Ionophore for Assisted Ion Transfer at NanoITIES Electrodes
Authors: Chen Ran , Yang Anna , Chang Albert , Oweimrin Philip F. , Romero Julian , Vichitcharoenpaisarn Pitchaya , Tapia Stephanie , Ha Kevin , Villaflor Christopher , Shen Mei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAssisted ion transfer at a pipet‐supported interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) have become a prominent method for the detection of various ionic species and for studying ionic complexation. A typical ionophore contains one binding center to ions such as dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 (DB18C6). It is unknown how the detection of ions changes when assisted by an ionophore with multiple crown ether moieties. Here, we synthesized a new tris(crown ether) ionophore, TriBCE, which is composed of three 18‐crown‐6 moieties connected to a common o‐phenylene ethynylene cyclic trimer center, and employed TriBCE for the assisted ion transfer of various environmentally relevant heavy‐metal ions (i. e. Mg2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Li+) and a neurotransmitter (dopamine) at nanoITIES pipet electrodes. The half‐wave transfer potentials for those ions were less positive by 123±28 mV when assisted by tris (crown ether), TriBCE, compared to mono(crown ether), DB18C6. The binding constants, Gibbs free energy, and the stoichiometric coefficients of ionic complexation with TriBCE were measured and compared to that of DB18C6 to reveal that ionophore with multiple binding moieties enables easier transfer of these ions.
CCR5 is a novel target for the treatment of experimental alopecia areata
Authors: Ito Taisuke , Suzuki Takahiro , Funakoshi Atsuko , Fujiyama Toshiharu , Tokura Yoshiki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is an organ‐specific and cell‐mediated autoimmune disease. Hair follicle autoantigens are disclosed to these autoreactive NKG2D+CD8+ T cells. A Th1 chemokine, CXCL10, is highly expressed on hair follicle keratinocytes and leads to the infiltration of CXCR3+ and CCR5+ Th1 or Tc1 cells around anagen hair follicles in AA lesions.AimTo evaluate CCR5 as a new candidate target for the treatment of experimental AA.MethodsWe initiated 7‐month‐old female C3H/HeJ mice with intracutaneous injections of lymph node (LN) cells, which were activated by IL‐2, IL‐7, IL‐15, and CD3/CD25 Dynabeads, from C3H/HeJ mice with spontaneous AA. Then, 330 μg/d of maraviroc, a negative allosteric modulator of the CCR5 receptor that is already used for treating patients with human immunodeficiency virus, was orally administrated for 28 days.ResultsWe successfully treated the experimental AA lesions of C3H/HeJ mice with maraviroc. In addition, CCR5 blockade prevented the development of AA in activated T cell‐transferred C3H/HeJ mice. Interestingly, maraviroc‐treated C3H/HeJ mice with experimental AA showed improvement of hair loss lesions after 2 weeks. Immunohistological assessments and FACS analysis revealed a decreased number of CD4+CCR5+ and CD8+CCR5+ T cells in the lesions after maraviroc treatment. A real‐time horizontal chemotaxis assay showed that maraviroc significantly inhibited the chemotactic activity of CD8+ LN cells toward RANTES. Furthermore, CCR5 blockade prevented experimental AA development when compared to phosphate‐buffered saline.ConclusionCCR5 appears to be a promising new candidate target for the treatment of AA. CCR5 blockade may prevent the development of AA as well as improve AA lesions.
Palm Oil – “all‐round talent“ and green horror: an interdisciplinary concept for a multidimensional view on palm oil
Authors: Müller Sarah Christin , Heimann Rebekka 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIm Rahmen dieses Beitrags wird ein fächerübergreifendes Konzept zum Thema Palmöl beschrieben. Dieses wurde ursprünglich als Schülerlabortag konzipiert, kann aber ebenfalls im Chemieunterricht und in fächerübergreifenden Projekttagen eingesetzt werden. Das Konzept zielt auf die Förderung von Naturverbundenheit und besonders auch von Umweltwissen ab, welche beide nachweislich die Umwelthandlungskompetenz beeinflussen. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler erfahren dabei die Vielschichtigkeit der Thematik und reflektieren letztendlich ihr eigenes Konsumverhalten vor dem Hintergrund des Nachhaltigkeitsgedankens.
Prediagnosis social support, social integration, living status, and colorectal cancer mortality in postmenopausal women from the women's health initiative
Authors: Kroenke Candyce H. , Paskett Electra D. , Cené Crystal W. , Caan Bette J. , Luo Juhua , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Robinson Jamaica R. M. , Nassir Rami , Lane Dorothy S. , Anderson Garnet L. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundWe evaluated associations between perceived social support, social integration, living alone, and colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes in postmenopausal women.MethodsThe study included 1431 women from the Women's Health Initiative who were diagnosed from 1993 through 2017 with stage I through IV CRC and who responded to the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support survey before their CRC diagnosis. We used proportional hazards regression to evaluate associations of social support (tertiles) and types of support, assessed up to 6 years before diagnosis, with overall and CRC‐specific mortality. We also assessed associations of social integration and living alone with outcomes also in a subset of 1141 women who had information available on social ties (marital/partner status, community and religious participation) and living situation.ResultsIn multivariable analyses, women with low (hazard ratio [HR], 1.52; 95% CI, 1.23‐1.88) and moderate (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.98‐1.50) perceived social support had significantly higher overall mortality than those with high support (P[continuous] < .001). Similarly, women with low (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.88) and moderate (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.96‐1.70) perceived social support had higher CRC mortality than those with high social support (P[continuous] = .007). Emotional, informational, and tangible support and positive interaction were all significantly associated with outcomes, whereas affection was not. In main‐effects analyses, the level of social integration was related to overall mortality (Pfor trend = .02), but not CRC mortality (Pfor trend = .25), and living alone was not associated with mortality outcomes. However, both the level of social integration and living alone were related to outcomes in patients with rectal cancer.ConclusionsWomen with low perceived social support before diagnosis have higher overall and CRC‐specific mortality.