bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Coherence Tomography Observed Fundus Changes of Hypertensive Disorders Complicating Pregnancy
Authors: Wang Wenying , Wang Zhi-xue 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background By optical coherence tomography(OCT) observed fundus changes of hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy. Methods Inspected patients with hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy accepted eye examination including corrected visual acuity, slit lamp examination, fundus examination, OCT Results 1.OCT examination results of abnormal 148, which neurosensory serous retinal detachment 84eyes (56.76%), pigment epithelium and the IS / OS layer change 38 eyes (25.68%), optic disc oedema and retinal haemorrhage and other changes of 26 eyes (17.56%). 2. Between different phenotypes OCT of Patients with oedema, proteinuria, blood pressure and course had differences (P <0.05), and had a correlation between the two.3. Between different phenotypes OCT of Patients with gestational age, age, whether it is the first child was irrelevant (P> 0.05).4. Between different phenotypes OCT of Patients with visual acuity, fundus lesions and eye symptoms had differences (P <0.05), and had a correlation between the two (P <0.05). Conclusions OCT can understand the severity of fundus changes with hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy , and provide evidence about clinical diagnosis and treatment, prognosis.
Carbon Emissions and Life Expectancy in Nigeria
Authors: Osabohien Romanus , Aderemi Timothy , Akindele Dolapo Bose , Okoh Johson Ifenayi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: This study examines how carbon emissions affect life expectancy in NigeriaMethod: The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was applied in the study to examine how energy consumption impact on life expectancy in Nigeria. Data was sourced from the United States (U.S) Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Centre, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical bulletin, International Energy Agency (IEA) and the World Development Indicators (WDI) for the period 1980-2017.Results: Findings showed that inter alia; carbon emissions are significant and negatively affect life expectancy. This finding implied that, on the average, carbon emissions is capable of reducing life expectancy by 0.35%.Conclusion: Based finding, the study concluded by recommending that the Nigerian government should embark on the alternative use of energy that emits lesser carbon. Thus, this will help attain the sustainable development goals of good health and well-being alongside with affordable, reliable and sustainable use of energy for all.
Diagnostic And Cultural Considerations to Improve The Identification Of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Han Chinese Children
Authors: Lung For-Wey , Shu Bih-Ching 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: The trajectory and norm of children's development is needed to understand the idea of spectrum in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. The children's developmental growth trajectory from six to 66 months in the developmental dimensions of growth motor, fine motor, language, and social communication is investigated in the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study dataset (N=11,145).Results: The growth trajectory showed children's language development began to incline at 18 months, and peaked at 36 months. On the other hand, children's social development showed a steady growth from 18 to 66 months. Furthermore, the increase in the trajectory of children's language development prior to age three, compared to other developmental dimensions, may also increase the difficulty of diagnosis. The two-stage window screening method can be used in settings where the screening sample is larger in size, such as the community or primary care settings, and has found to be more time and cost efficient. Better understanding of the children's developmental trajectory can enhance autism spectrum disorder detection and intervention.
Study on the Predictive Effect of Fibrinogen on Vascular Calcification
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yang Yan , Gao Pengju , Zhang Zepeng , Fu Wenxiu , Zheng Lihua , He Xinqi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The levels of fibrinogen (FIB), lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are related to vascular calcification (VC), but their predictive ability for VC has not been reported. Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive efficacy of FIB, lipoprotein and HDL by retrospective analysis of FIB, lipoprotein and HDL levels in patients with VC. Methods: We collected the relevant indicators of 462 patients admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from August 2018 to July 2020, including 189 patients with vascular calcification (40.9%) and 273 patients without vascular calcification (59.1%).75% of the collected data is used for modeling (modeling group) and 25% for verification (verification group). Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were used to evaluate the effects of FIB, lipoprotein and HDL on VC, and the predictive model ROC curve was used to evaluate its predictive efficiency.Results: The results of multivariate analysis showed that FIB, lipoprotein and HDL were independent predictors of VC. Then the models of the three factors are established respectively. The area under the ROC curve of the prediction model of FIB, lipoprotein and HDL was 0.8018, 0.7348 and 0.7019, respectively.Conclusions: Fibrinogen has a better predictive ability than high-density lipoprotein and lipoprotein in patients with arteriosclerosis.
COVID-19 underscores the urgency of just transition alongside green recovery
Authors: Zhang Yaxin , Zheng Xinzhu , Luo Huilin , Wang Can 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Green recovery has been highly advocated as a promising strategy to balance climate actions and economic reset after COVID-19. However, the potential inequality risk associated with the green recovery hasn’t been fully assessed. Here, enabled by an extended adaptive regional input-output (E-ARIO) model, we quantify the short-term impacts of COVID and various recovery packages on labor demand and income equality. The findings reveal that in the pandemic, low- and medium-income labor suffered more income decrease (by 36%) than those with high-level income (by 24%), leading to a 24% increase of income inequality at the global level (measured by the Oshima coefficient). The high-income labor benefits more from a low-carbon pathway to economic recovery, which further exacerbates the income inequality across the world by 3 ~ 5% compared to those in a traditional, carbon-intensive recovery scenario. The findings reveal the tradeoffs between income equality and green development and underscore the urgency of just transition alongside green recovery.
Ocean Fronts and Eddies Remotely Forcing Atmospheric Rivers and Heavy Precipitation
Authors: Liu Xue , Ma Xiaohui , Chang Ping , Jia Yinglai , Fu Dan , Xu Guangzhi , Wu Lixin , Saravanan R. , Patricola Christina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are responsible for over 90% of poleward water vapor transport in the midlatitudes and can produce extreme precipitation when they make landfall1-2. However, despite of recent improvements, weather and climate models still have difficulty simulating and predicting the timing and location of landfalling ARs and associated extreme precipitation3-5, highlighting the need to better understand AR dynamics. Here, using high-resolution climate models and observations, we demonstrate for the first time that mesoscale sea-surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with the Kuroshio front and eddies can exert a remote influence on landfalling ARs and related heavy precipitation along the West Coast of North America. Inclusion of the mesoscale SST forcing in the simulations results in approximately a 40% increase in landfalling ARs and up to a 30% increase in heavy precipitation in mountainous regions. The modeling results further show that this remote impact occurs within two weeks, implying the potential influence of the dynamical processes on AR predictability at subseasonal-to-seasonal time scales. A proposed mechanism for the influence of mesoscale SST forcing on ARs is the asymmetrical response of the atmosphere to warm vs. cold mesoscale SSTs over the eddy-rich Kuroshio Extension region, which results in a net increase of moisture flux above the planetary boundary layer, prompting AR genesis via enhancing moisture transport into extratropical cyclones in the presence of mesoscale SST forcing.
Nestedness and turnover of riverine species and functional diversity using eDNA and traditional approaches
Authors: Seymour Mathew , Edwards François , Cosby Jack , Scarlet Pete , Bista Iliana , Brailsford Francesca , Glanville Helen , de Bruyn Mark , Carvalho Gary , Creer Simon 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Accurately assessing community diversity in time and space, and linking these patterns to ecological theory, is essential for effective environmental monitoring. Freshwater macroinvertebrates are an important group of taxa routinely used for riverine environmental assessments due to their wide biological, functional and phylogenetic diversity and their responses to environmental factors. Recently, eDNA metabarcoding based sampling and identification has been shown to increase the accuracy of biodiversity assessments, while reducing cost and time, compared to traditional methods. Here, we present results from a field comparison of eDNA versus traditional riverine biodiversity techniques to assess freshwater macroinvertebrates. In addition, we investigated the effects of landuse and seasonality on community and functional diversity, to infer the underlying regional ecological temporal and spatial dynamics. Comparison of biodiversity dynamics based on traditional and eDNA survey methods showed significant differences in taxonomic groups identified between methods, landuse type, and method x season interactions. Our findings are the first example of eDNA derived functional spatio-temporal and dynamics, indicating that the regional shifts in diversity and function are linked to regional seasonal fluctuations in fine particle matter versus localized landuse type. Beta diversity components (nestedness and turnover) differed significantly along the environmental gradient, but in different directions, for each methodology. Overall, our findings show that eDNA based ecological assessment is effective in assessing temporal and spatial diversity and functional dynamics of macroinvertebrates, while demonstrating that these data can be used to infer effective biodiversity assessment and management strategies.
Olefin Metathesis–Based Chemically Recyclable Polymers Enabled by a Fused-Ring Monomer
Authors: Wang Junpeng , Sathe Devavrat , Zhou Junfeng , Chen Hanlin , Su Hsin-Wei , Xie Wei , Hsu Tze-Gang , Schrage Briana , Smith Travis , Ziegler Christopher 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A promising solution to address the challenges in plastics sustainability is to replace current polymers with chemically recyclable ones that can depolymerise into their constituent monomers for circular use of materials. Despite the progress, few depolymerisable polymers exhibit the excellent thermal stability and strong mechanical properties of traditional polymers. Here we report a series of chemically recyclable polymers that show excellent thermal stability (decomposition temperature > 370 ºC) and tunable mechanical properties. The polymers are formed via ring-opening metathesis polymerisation of cyclooctene with a trans-cyclobutane installed at the 5,6-positions. The additional ring converts the non-depolymerisable polycyclooctene into a depolymerisable polymer by reducing the ring strain energy in the monomer (from 8.2 kcal/mol in unsubstituted cyclooctene to 4.9 kcal/mol in the fused ring). The fused-ring monomer enables a broad scope of functionalities to be incorporated, providing access to chemically recyclable elastomers and plastics that show promise as next-generation sustainable materials.
Multiple Fano resonances Based on the Rectangular cavity resonator and crescent-shaped cavity resonator
Authors: Zhu Jun , Wang Ge 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
World is rich in unconventional oil and various alternatives to petroleum. However, conventional oil production declines so quickly that it is likely these unconventional oil resources cannot be put into production fast enough, and thus will not be compensated sufficiently. We realize detecting rapid detection of water content in heavy oil. The waveguide consists of a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide, rectangular cavity resonator, and crescent-shaped cavity resonator. The effects of the coupling distance, geometry of the crescent-shaped cavity resonator and its rotation angle, and length and width of the rectangular cavity resonator on the Fano resonance lines were numerically analyzed. Multiple Fano resonances can be produced as the rotation angle of the crescent-shaped cavity resonator is adjusted, and the sensor’s refractive index sensitivity was found to be \(935.71 \text{n}\text{m}/\text{R}\text{I}\text{U}\). By measuring the water content in heavy oil, we found that the Fano resonance lines shift toward shorter wavelengths as the volume fraction of water content increases. The detection resolution in heavy oil \(1.79\times {10}^{-9}\). The results presented here show that water content in heavy oil can be calculated using the measured change in the Fano resonance wavelength.
Effects of living cover on the soil microbial communities and ecosystem functions of hazelnut orchard
Authors: Ma Wenxu , Yang Zhen , Hou Sihao , Ma Qinghua , Liang Lisong , Wang Guixi , Liang Chunli , Zhao Tiantian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Living covers are an important management measure for orchards in China, which has a certain influence on soil properties, microorganisms and micro-ecological environment. However, there are few studies on the effects of living covers on the soil changes in hazelnut orchard. In this study, we compared living cover treatment by Vulpia myuros and no cover treatment, and analyzed the changes on the soil properties, microorganisms and microbial function by using high-throughput ITS rDNA and 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing. Results: The consequences demonstrated that the total organic carbon content of living cover treatment in the 20-40 cm soils increased by 32.87 % and 14.82 % respectively in May and July compared with no cover treatment, and living cover treatment by Vulpia myuros can also significantly increased the contents of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) in the soil samples. Moreover, the influence of seasons is not as significant as that of soil depth. The living cover treatment significantly improved the soil enzymes activity levels. Among the four kind of soil enzymes, the soil invertase activity of living cover treatment was 50.94 % greater than that of no cover treatment in 0-20 cm soils and 52.17 % in 20-40 cm soils in May. The consequences demonstrated that Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal phylum in all samples, while Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes and Chloroflexi were the dominant bacterial phylum, but different treatments impacted the composition of fungal and bacterial communities. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that living cover with Vulpia myuros significantly changed the soil fungal community structure whereas the bacterial community structure may be more sensitive to seasonal changes. At the microbial functional level, the pathotrophs, saprotrophs and symbiotrophs accounted for approximately 36.69 %, 49.80 % and 2.59 % of no cover treatment fungal OTUs respectively whereas in living cover treatment was 19.76 %, 41.51 % and 6.89 %. Conclusions: According to this study, we believe that the living cover with Vulpia myuros has a favorable regulating influence on soil properties, microbial community and microbial function, and can be considered as a management measure for hazelnut orchards management.
Youth-Centered Maternity Care: A Binational Qualitative Comparison of the Experiences and Perspectives of Latina Adolescents and Healthcare Providers
Authors: Decker Martha J. , Pineda Noelle , Gutmann-Gonzalez Abigail , Brindis Claire D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Although there is growing recognition of the importance of person-centered maternity care, the needs and perspectives of pregnant adolescents are rarely considered. The purpose of this study was to compare the maternity care experiences of Mexican-origin adolescents in Guanajuato, Mexico and Fresno, California from both youth and healthcare provider perspectives. Methods: Qualitative interviews and focus groups were conducted with a total of 89 respondents, including pregnant and parenting adolescents as well as providers between December 2016 and July 2017. Transcripts in English and Spanish were coded and analyzed using Dedoose software. Results were compared by location and between youth and providers. Results: Four themes emerged regarding patient-provider interactions: the need for communication and clear explanations, respectful versus judgmental providers, engaging youth in decision-making, and a focus on the age of the youth and their partners. While youth had similar perspectives and priorities in both locations, youth in Mexico reported more negative healthcare experiences than youth in California. Perspectives varied between the youth and providers, with providers in both California and Mexico identifying several structural challenges in providing quality care to adolescents. In California, challenges to supporting immigrant Latina adolescents and their families included language and translation issues as well as barriers to care due to immigration status and documentation. In both locations, providers also mentioned high patient caseloads and their own concerns about the youth’s life choices. Conclusion: Youth-centered care requires more effective and respectful patient-provider communication, where adolescents are engaged in their healthcare decision-making and delivery options. Changes in patient-provider interactions can help improve the maternity care experiences and outcomes of Latina adolescents. Healthcare systems and providers need to reconfigure their approaches to focus on the needs and priorities of adolescents.
Valvular lesions and Epilepsy, Khartoum, Sudan 2018
Authors: Abbasher Khabab , AlHusseini Radi Tuffaha , Sidig Amira , Digna Mutaz F. , Hussien Abbasher , Abbasher Hussien , Aldar Mohammed M. , Eladil Omer , Hajnoor Khalid , Abbasher Mohammed 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Epilepsy is either; idiopathic when there is no underlying cause or secondary if there is an underlying cause of egg brain tumors, stroke. There is a strong in conjunction between epilepsy and valvular lesions. Objective: To study the relationship between valvular lesions and Epilepsy among Sudanese epileptic patients. Methodology: Almost 50 Sudanese patients with valvular lesions were included in the study during Jane 2018 to Jane 2019. Result: Out of 50 patients (48%) males while females (52%). Almost 40% of the patients were found to have generalized tonic colonic epilepsy, while 60% have focal epilepsy. Pure MS was the common valvular lesion observed. 14% of the patients had atrial fibrillation, especially with mitral stenosis .4% of the patients underwent valvotomy. Abnormal EEG was observed in 64% of the patients. Abnormal brain MRI was detected in 50% of the patients. Almost all the patients 100% diagnosed as having valvular lesions before being diagnosed with epilepsy. Conclusion: There is a strong relationship between valvular lesions and epilepsy, most probably due to association with coexist arrhythmias resulting in cerebral infarction, tight valvular lesions, and rarely follow valvotomy valvular replacement.
LMWF5A suppresses cytokine release by modulating select inflammatory transcription factor activity in stimulated PBMC
Authors: Thomas Gregory , Frederick Elizabeth , Thompson Lisa , Bar-Or Raphael , Mulugeta Yetti , Hausburg Melissa , Roshon Michael , Mains Charles , Bar-Or David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Dysregulation of transcription and cytokine expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety inflammatory diseases. The resulting imbalance between inflammatory and resolving transcriptional programs can cause an overabundance of pro-inflammatory, classically activated macrophage type 1 (M1) and/or helper T cell type 1 (Th1) products, such as IFNγ, TNFα, IL1-β, and IL12, that prevent immune switching to resolution and healing. The low molecular weight fraction of human serum albumin (LMWF5A) is novel biologic drug that is currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of osteoarthritis and the hyper-inflammatory response associated with COVID-19. This study aims to elucidate transcriptional mechanisms of action involved with the ability of LMWF5A to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Methods ELISA arrays were used to identify cytokines and chemokines influenced by LMWF5A treatment of LPS-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The resulting profiles were analyzed by gene enrichment to gain mechanistic insight into the biologic processes and transcription factors (TFs) underlying the identified differentially expressed cytokines. DNA-binding ELISAs, luciferase reporter assays, and TNFα or IL-1β relative potency were then employed to confirm the involvement of enriched pathways and TFs.Results LMWF5A was found to significantly inhibit a distinct set of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-12, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) associated with pro-inflammatory M1/Th1 immune profiles. Gene enrichment analysis also suggests these cytokines are, in part, regulated by NF-κB and STAT transcription factors. Data from DNA-binding and reporter assays support this with LMWF5A inhibition of STAT1α DNA-binding activity as well as a reduction in overall NF-κB-driven luciferase expression. Experiments using antagonists specific for the immunomodulatory and NF-κB/STAT-repressing transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), indicate these pathways are involved in the LMWF5A mechanism of action by reducing LMWF5A drug potency as measured by TNFα and IL-1β release. Conclusion In this report, we provide evidence that LMWF5A reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine release by activating the immunoregulatory transcription factors PPARγ and AhR. In addition, our data indicate that LMWF5A suppresses NF-κB and STAT1α pro-inflammatory pathways. This suggests that LMWF5A act through these mechanisms to decrease pro-inflammatory transcription factor activity and subsequent inflammatory cytokine production.