bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Spatial Framework for Managing Sewer and Water Networks Using Sensor Networks: A Case of the University of Zambia
Authors: Chibuye Gabriel , Phiri Jackson , Banda Faustin 
Published: March 2020

The University of Zambia like any public institution has a lot of infrastructure which require maintenance and management. There’s however uncertainty of the utility lines locations and their depths. This causes destruction of water pipes and sewer lines when undertaking new constructions or any excavations. The lack of accurate location of underground and un-updated lines makes maintenance, management and planning of the utilities very difficult. Therefore this study aimed to build a framework for Managing Sewer and Water Networks Using Sensor Networks at the University of Zambia. The Resident Engineer’s office only has some old scanned pdf sketches of both sewer and water networks. The field engineers locate most lines and other facilities using memory and experience. The methodology involved understating the existing operations of the Resident engineer’s office to ascertain the user needs. These needs formed the basis of the research, the development and design of the prototype of the Webbased Framework. Data Collection tools included Records (old maps) and Secondary Data (satellite images), Field Observations, Interviews and field Surveys. A presurvey (Reconnaissance Survey) was done to have an idea of the existing infrastructure and a more accurate survey was done using GPS GNSS equipment. The raw data was processed and GIS software was used to merge the collected datasets and the existing data. Georeferencing of existing maps and the satellite images was done using the GPS field data in ArcMap. New shapefiles were created from the point data from the survey and from digitising the existing scanned maps. New maps of the water and sewer networks (using the new shapefiles) and satellite imagery were created. A 15 digit coding system was created and was used to assign unique identification numbers and extra attribute information to the water and sewer network shapefiles. A QR code was generated for each node and the serial number recorded. Tagging was done using the QR code for each structure. All the shapefiles were loaded into a PostGreSQL spatial database and were used as input in the Web GIS application. The web application had some tools imbedded in it including; query, measure, add point/vertex, zoom, view, search and identify. Using internet of things (IOT) technology, water level sensors were placed on some critical manholes to help with the monitoring of the sewerage network. The system can therefore be used for identification of any infrastructure by scanning the QR code and a map showing the structure is seen online by the field technicians. Monitoring of the sewer system can be done using the sensors and ultimately the framework will ease the management of the water and sewer systems at the University of Zambia.
A Critical Role of Formyl Peptide Receptors in Host Defense against Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhang Meihua , Gao Ji-Liang , Chen Keqiang , Yoshimura Teizo , Liang Weiwei , Gong Wanghua , Li Xiaoqing , Huang Jiaqiang , McDermott David H. , Murphy Philip M. , Wang Xietong , Wang Ji Ming 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs, mouse Fprs) belong to the G protein–coupled receptor superfamily and mediate phagocyte migration in response to bacteria- and host-derived chemoattractants; however, knowledge about their in vivo roles in bacterial pathogenesis is limited. In this study, we investigated the role of Fpr1 and Fpr2 in host defense against Escherichia coli infection. In vitro, we found that supernatants from E. coli cultures induced chemotaxis of wild-type (WT) mouse bone marrow–derived neutrophils and that the activity was significantly reduced in cells genetically deficient in either Fpr1 or Fpr2 and was almost absent in cells lacking both receptors. Consistent with this, E. coli supernatants induced chemotaxis and MAPK phosphorylation in HEK293 cells expressing either recombinant Fpr1 or Fpr2 but not untransfected parental cells. WT bone marrow –derived neutrophils could actively phagocytose and kill E. coli, whereas both activities were diminished in cells lacking Fpr1 or Fpr2; again, an additive effect was observed in cells lacking both receptors. In vivo, Fpr1 and Fpr2 deficiency resulted in reduced recruitment of neutrophils in the liver and peritoneal cavity of mice infected with inactivated E. coli. Moreover, Fpr1−/− and Fpr2−/− mice had significantly increased mortality compared with WT mice after i.p. challenge with a virulent E. coli clinical isolate. These results indicate a critical role of Fprs in host defense against E. coli infection.
Metformin Enhances the Antitumor Activity of CD8+ T Lymphocytes via the AMPK–miR-107–Eomes–PD-1 Pathway
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Li Feng , Tian Yonggui , Cao Ling , Gao Qun , Zhang Chaoqi , Zhang Kai , Shen Chunyi , Ping Yu , Maimela Nomathamsanqa Resegofetse , Wang Liping , Zhang Bin , Zhang Yi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Metformin has been studied for its anticancer effects by regulating T cell functions. However, the mechanisms through which metformin stimulates the differentiation of memory T cells remain unclear. We found that the frequencies of memory stem and central memory T cells increased for both in peripheral and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in metformin-treated lung cancer patients compared with those not taking the medication. An in vitro assay showed that metformin promoted the formation of memory CD8+ T cells and enhanced their antiapoptotic abilities. In addition, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation decreased microRNA-107 expression, thus enhancing Eomesodermin expression, which suppressed the transcription of PDCD1 in metformin-treated CD8+ T cells. In the CAR-T cell therapy model, metformin also exhibited cytotoxicity-promoting effects that led to decreased tumor growth. Metformin could reprogram the differentiation of CD8+ T cells, which may benefit the clinical therapy of cancer patients by facilitating long-lasting cytotoxic functions.
Concussion-Prevention Strategies Used in National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions I and II Women's Soccer
Authors: Jeffries Kori K. , Girouard Tedd J. , Tandy Richard D. , Radzak Kara N. 
Published: March 2020

ContextWhereas much attention has been paid to identifying mechanisms for decreasing concussion rates in women's soccer players, which strategies are currently being used is unknown. In addition, athletic trainers' (ATs') knowledge and beliefs about the efficacy of concussion-prevention practices have not been studied.ObjectivesTo evaluate the concussion-prevention strategies being used in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I and Division II women's soccer and identify the beliefs of certified ATs regarding mechanisms for preventing concussion.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingOnline survey.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 223 women's soccer team ATs employed at Division I or II universities.Main Outcome Measure(s)A survey instrument of structured questions and open-ended, follow-up questions was developed to identify the use of cervical-strengthening programs, headgear, and other techniques for preventing concussion. Questions also addressed ATs' beliefs regarding the effectiveness of cervical strengthening, headgear, and mouthguards in concussion prevention. Data were collected via questionnaire in Qualtrics survey software. Descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages were calculated for close-ended questions. Open-ended questions were evaluated for common themes, which were then reported by response frequency.ResultsCervical strengthening or stability for concussion prevention was reported by 38 (17.12%) respondents; 153 (69.86%) ATs believed that cervical strengthening would aid in concussion prevention. Seventy-eight (35.49%) reported that their players wore headgear. Nineteen (8.76%) believed that soccer headgear prevented concussions; 45 (20.74%) believed that mouthguards prevented concussions. Education in proper soccer technique was reported by 151 (69.59%) respondents. Fourteen (0.06%) respondents cited nutritional strategies for concussion prevention.ConclusionsAlthough ATs believed that cervical strengthening could help prevent concussions, few had implemented this strategy. However, the ATs whose teams used headgear outnumbered those who believed that headgear was an effective prevention strategy. Based on our findings, we saw a disconnect among the current use of concussion-prevention strategies, ATs' beliefs, and the available evidence.
Balance Markers and Saccadic Eye-Movement Measures in Adolescents With Postconcussion Syndrome
Authors: Rochefort Coralie , Legace Elizabeth , Boulay Chadwick , Macartney Gail , Goulet Kristian , Zemek Roger , Sveistrup Heidi 
Published: March 2020

ContextDeficits in both balance and oculomotor function, including impairments in saccadic eye movements, are observed in approximately 30% of patients postconcussion. Whereas balance and saccadic eye movements are routinely assessed separately, growing evidence suggests that they should be assessed concurrently.ObjectiveTo compare balance measures and saccades between adolescents 1 to 3 months postconcussion and healthy uninjured adolescents.DesignCase-control study.SettingConcussion clinic and 2 private schools.Patients or Other ParticipantsTwenty-five adolescents (10 boys, 15 girls; median [interquartile range (IQR)] age = 14 years [11.5–16 years]) between 1 and 3 months postconcussion (median [IQR] time since injury = 39.5 days [30–56.75 days]) and 33 uninjured adolescents (18 boys, 15 girls; median [IQR] age = 13 years [11.5–14 years]).Main Outcome Measure(s)The center-of-pressure 95% ellipse area and medial-lateral and anterior-posterior velocity and the number of saccades in the dual-task balance conditions including a high cognitive load (cognitive condition), a low cognitive load and a gaze-shifting component (visual condition) or both a high cognitive load and a gaze-shifting component (combined condition).ResultsConcussion-group participants swayed over larger center-of-pressure ellipse areas in the visual (P = .02; effect size = 0.73) and combined (P = .005; effect size = 0.86) conditions but not in the cognitive condition (P = .07; effect size = 0.50). No group differences were identified for anterior-posterior (F1,56 = 2.57, P = .12) or medial-lateral (F1,56 = 0.157, P = .69) velocity. Concussion-group participants also did not perform more saccades than the control-group participants (F1,56 = 2.04, P = .16).ConclusionsPerforming dual-task balance conditions for which the secondary task involved a gaze-shifting component or both a gaze-shifting component and a high cognitive load resulted in greater sway amplitude in adolescents with concussion. However, these larger amounts of postural sway were not associated with increased saccadic eye movements.
A pan-African high-resolution drought index dataset
Authors: Peng Jian , Dadson Simon , Hirpa Feyera , Dyer Ellen , Lees Thomas , Miralles Diego G. , Vicente-Serrano Sergio M. , Funk Chris 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Droughts in Africa cause severe problems, such as crop failure, food
shortages, famine, epidemics and even mass migration. To minimize the
effects of drought on water and food security on Africa, a high-resolution
drought dataset is essential to establish robust drought hazard
probabilities and to assess drought vulnerability considering a multi- and
cross-sectional perspective that includes crops, hydrological systems,
rangeland and environmental systems. Such assessments are essential for
policymakers, their advisors and other stakeholders to respond to the
pressing humanitarian issues caused by these environmental hazards. In this
study, a high spatial resolution Standardized
Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) drought dataset is presented
to support these assessments. We compute historical SPEI data based on
Climate Hazards group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS)
precipitation estimates and Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM)
potential evaporation estimates. The high-resolution SPEI dataset (SPEI-HR)
presented here spans from 1981 to 2016 (36 years) with 5 km spatial
resolution over the whole of Africa. To facilitate the diagnosis of droughts of
different durations, accumulation periods from 1 to 48 months are provided.
The quality of the resulting dataset was compared with coarse-resolution
SPEI based on Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Time Series (TS) datasets,
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from the Global
Inventory Monitoring and Modeling System (GIMMS) project and
root zone soil moisture modelled by GLEAM. Agreement found between coarse-resolution SPEI from CRU TS (SPEI-CRU) and the developed SPEI-HR provides
confidence in the estimation of temporal and spatial variability of droughts
in Africa with SPEI-HR. In addition, agreement of SPEI-HR versus NDVI and
root zone soil moisture – with an average correlation coefficient (R) of 0.54
and 0.77, respectively – further implies that SPEI-HR can provide valuable
information for the study of drought-related processes and societal impacts at
sub-basin and district scales in Africa. The dataset is archived in Centre
for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) via the following link: https://doi.org/10.5285/bbdfd09a04304158b366777eba0d2aeb
(Peng et al., 2019a).
Early Post-traumatic Seizure Occurrence in Pediatric Patients Receiving Levetiracetam Prophylaxis With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Kolf Meghan J. , McPherson Christopher C. , Kniska Kara S. , Luecke Caitlyn M. , Lahart Michael A. , Pineda Jose A. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE Although levetiracetam is used for the prevention of early Post-traumatic seizures (EPTS) after traumatic brain injury (TBI), limited data exist describing the incidence of seizures in pediatric patients receiving levetiracetam prophylaxis. The objective of this research is to evaluate the prevalence of EPTS in children given prophylactic levetiracetam after severe TBI.
METHODS This study was conducted at a Level 1 pediatric trauma center and included pediatric patients with severe TBI who received levetiracetam for EPTS prophylaxis. Demographics and clinical information were retrospectively collected and evaluated. The primary outcome was prevalence of clinical or electrographic seizures within 7 days of initial injury as noted in the EMR.
RESULTS In 4 of 44 patients (9%), seizures developed despite levetiracetam prophylaxis. Concurrent use of other medications with antiepileptic properties was common (91%). There were no differences in demographic or baseline clinical characteristics between the group of patients experiencing seizures and those who did not. However, craniotomy was significantly more common in the seizure group (75% vs. 18%, p = 0.03).
CONCLUSIONS Children receiving prophylaxis with levetiracetam after severe TBI had a lower incidence of seizures (9%) than had previously been reported in the literature (18%). Given the limited literature available supporting the use of levetiracetam for the prevention of EPTS in children experiencing severe TBI, further study is needed to support routine use.
Probabilistic model based on circular statistics for quantifying coverage depth dynamics originating from DNA replication
Authors: Suzuki Shinya , Yamada Takuji 
Published: March 2020

Background
With the development of DNA sequencing technology, static omics profiling in microbial communities, such as taxonomic and functional gene composition determination, has become possible. Additionally, the recently proposed in situ growth rate estimation method allows the applicable range of current comparative metagenomics to be extended to dynamic profiling. However, with this method, the applicable target range is presently limited. Furthermore, the characteristics of coverage depth during replication have not been sufficiently investigated.

Results
We developed a probabilistic model that mimics coverage depth dynamics. This statistical model explains the bias that occurs in the coverage depth due to DNA replication and errors that arise from coverage depth observation. Although our method requires a complete genome sequence, it involves a stable to low coverage depth (>0.01×). We also evaluated the estimation using real whole-genome sequence datasets and reproduced the growth dynamics observed in previous studies. By utilizing a circular distribution in the model, our method facilitates the quantification of unmeasured coverage depth features, including peakedness, skewness, and degree of density, around the replication origin. When we applied the model to time-series culture samples, the skewness parameter, which indicates the asymmetry, was stable over time; however, the peakedness and degree of density parameters, which indicate the concentration level at the replication origin, changed dynamically. Furthermore, we demonstrated the activity measurement of multiple replication origins in a single chromosome.

Conclusions
We devised a novel framework for quantifying coverage depth dynamics. Our study is expected to serve as a basis for replication activity estimation from a broader perspective using the statistical model.
Nephroprotective Effect of Cissampelos owariensis Extract on Renal Histomorphology of Wistar Rats during Exposure to Carbon Tetrachloride- induced Nephropathy
Authors: Omotoso Dayo Rotimi , Lawal Olayinka Simbiat , Olatomide Oluwasegun Davies , Okojie Itohan Grace 
Published: March 2020

To assess nephroprotective potency of methanolic extract of C. owariensis on renal histomorphology of Wistar rats during exposure to nephropathic activity of CCl4.
Twenty eight (28) albino Wistar rats divided into four groups which include normal control group administered with vehicles -distilled water (1 ml/kg b.w.) and olive oil (3 ml/kg b.w.), experimental control group administered with CCl4 (3 ml/kg b.w.) twice a week, first treatment group administered with CCl4 (3 ml/kg b.w.) twice a week + methanolic extract of C. owariensis (100 mg/kg b.w.) daily and second treatment group administered with CCl4 (3 ml/kg b.w.) twice a week + methanolic extract of C. owariensis (300 mg/kg b.w.) daily for twenty eight (28) days. Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of C. owariensis was carried out using GC-MS. The body weight of study animals was measure at days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of study. Then, kidney tissue of study animals was collected, weighed and processed for histopathological study. Tissue sections were stained using H & E, examined under microscope, photomicrographs were generated and observable histopathological changes were quantified using image-J software.
Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of C. owariensis showed abundance of phenolic compounds which may in turn confer antioxidant property on the extract. Results of this study also showed that treatment with extract helped to reduce body and tissue weight loss that follows exposure to CCl4. Also, treatment with the extract helped to reduce significantly (p < 0.05) renal histopathological changes following exposure to CCl4.
The methanolic extract of C. owariensis contains abundant phenolic compounds which confer antioxidant property that in turn mediate the nephroprotective potency of the extract against nephropathic effect of CCl4.
Forest Dependency and Conservation Attitude of Indigenous Communities: Lessons from Komolchari Village Common Forest of Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh
Authors: Chakma Dipannita , Huda S. M. Shamsul , Hossain Md. A. , Nath Tapan K. 
Published: March 2020

Aims: The study explored the role of Komolchari Village Common Forest (VCF) of Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh in the development of the socio-economic condition of the local communities and their perceptions about VCF conservation and management.
Study Design: The research is conducted through rigorous literature review and semi-structured household interview of the associated communities of the study area.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was done in three villages around Komolchari VCF from February 2014 to January 2015. It is located in sadar upazila of Khagrachhari hilly district.
Methodology: We selected the households through simple random sampling. The households were categorized into three groups based on their socio-economic status. Results were presented together as there were no significant differences between datasets obtained from the three villages.
Results: Agriculture is the major occupation of the poor, whereas medium and rich peoples were doing business and service. Forest products i.e. fuel-wood, pole, bamboo, wild fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants are regularly collected by the poor in a higher amount than that of medium and rich socio-economic groups. The study indicated 74% of the poor households extracted their necessary fuel wood from the VCF. Forest dependency showed that 31% households receive more than 40% of total annual income from the VCF. Traditionally, the VCF has been managed by the communities, but presently they formed a organization for management. Interventions of government and non-government organizations rose mass awareness about forest, biodiversity, and environment, which made them feel responsible for VCF management and conservation. Thus, 85% people expressed their interest to participate in the conservation initiatives.
Conclusion: Poor dwellers are more dependent on the Komolchari VCF as they extract more forest resources than the higher income groups. Thus, poor might be the major target group for further development to reduce their forest dependency.
Antifouling Field‐Effect Transistor Sensing Interface Based on Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Yang Lei , Jin Yuqing , Wang Xuejun , Yu Bin , Chen Renzhong , Zhang Cong , Zhao Yan , Yu Yuguo , Liu Yunqi , Wei Dacheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDue to the complexity of detection environments, field‐effect transistor (FET) sensors face the problem of fouling in practical applications. Existing antifouling strategies normally block the sensing sites and decrease the detection sensitivity. It remains a great challenge to achieve antifouling and sensitive detection. Here, a strategy is developed to use covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as the sensing interface. Owing to their unique crystalline mesoporous structure, the COFs not only encapsulate and prevent the channel from being fouled but also provide a large specific surface area modified with receptors. This approach enables the detection of 10−10 m Hg2+ within 50 ms in a ≈30 ppm poly‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly‐(styrenesulfonate) solution and weak neural potential signals in complex bio‐environment, which is among the best performance for antifouling FET sensors. The COF interface enables highly sensitive and antifouling detection together with a fast response and large response range, which shows its great potential in high‐performance antifouling FET sensors.