bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Ultrasound Speckle Decorrelation‐Based Velocimetry of the Brain
Authors: Tang Jianbo , Postnov Dmitry D. , Kilic Kivilcim , Erdener Sefik Evren , Lee Blaire , Giblin John T. , Szabo Thomas L. , Boas David A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA high‐speed, contrast‐free, quantitative ultrasound velocimetry (vUS) for blood flow velocity imaging throughout the rodent brain is developed based on the normalized first‐order temporal autocorrelation function of the ultrasound field signal. vUS is able to quantify blood flow velocity in both transverse and axial directions, and is validated with numerical simulation, phantom experiments, and in vivo measurements. The functional imaging ability of vUS is demonstrated by monitoring the blood flow velocity changes during whisker stimulation in awake mice. Compared to existing Power‐Doppler‐ and Color‐Doppler‐based functional ultrasound imaging techniques, vUS shows quantitative accuracy in estimating both axial and transverse flow speeds and resistance to acoustic attenuation and high‐frequency noise.
An Optimized Fibril Network Morphology Enables High‐Efficiency and Ambient‐Stable Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Song Jiali , Ye Linglong , Li Chao , Xu Jinqiu , Chandrabose Sreelakshmi , Weng Kangkang , Cai Yunhao , Xie Yuanpeng , O'Reilly Padraic , Chen Kai , Zhou Jiajia , Zhou Yi , Hodgkiss Justin M. , Liu Feng , Sun Yanming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMorphological stability is crucially important for the long‐term stability of polymer solar cells (PSCs). Many high‐efficiency PSCs suffer from metastable morphology, resulting in severe device degradation. Here, a series of copolymers is developed by manipulating the content of chlorinated benzodithiophene‐4,8‐dione (T1‐Cl) via a random copolymerization approach. It is found that all the copolymers can self‐assemble into a fibril nanostructure in films. By altering the T1‐Cl content, the polymer crystallinity and fibril width can be effectively controlled. When blended with several nonfullerene acceptors, such as TTPTT‐4F, O‐INIC3, EH‐INIC3, and Y6, the optimized fibril interpenetrating morphology can not only favor charge transport, but also inhibit the unfavorable molecular diffusion and aggregation in active layers, leading to excellent morphological stability. The work demonstrates the importance of optimization of fibril network morphology in realizing high‐efficiency and ambient‐stable PSCs, and also provides new insights into the effect of chemical structure on the fibril network morphology and photovoltaic performance of PSCs.
Enhanced Rate Capability of Ion‐Accessible Ti3C2Tx‐NbN Hybrid Electrodes
Authors: Wang Hao , Li Jianmin , Kuai Xiaoxiao , Bu Liangmin , Gao Lijun , Xiao Xu , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough 2D Ti3C2Tx is a good candidate for supercapacitors, the restacking of nanosheets hinders the ion transport significantly at high scan rates, especially under practical mass loading (>10 mg cm−2) and thickness (tens of microns). Here, Ti3C2Tx‐NbN hybrid film is designed by self‐assembling Ti3C2Tx with 2D arrays of NbN nanocrystals. Working as an interlayer spacer of Ti3C2Tx, NbN facilitates the ion penetration through its 2D porous structure; even at extremely high scan rates. The hybrid film shows a thickness‐independent rate performance (almost the same rate capabilities from 2 to 20 000 mV s−1) for 3 and 50 µm thick electrodes. Even a 109 µm thick Ti3C2Tx‐NbN electrode shows a better rate performance than 25 µm thick pure Ti3C2Tx electrodes. This method may pave a way to controlling ion transport in electrodes composed of 2D conductive materials, which have potential applications in high‐rate energy storage and beyond.
Digital Twin‐Driven All‐Solid‐State Battery: Unraveling the Physical and Electrochemical Behaviors
Authors: Park Joonam , Kim Kyu Tae , Oh Dae Yang , Jin Dahee , Kim Dohwan , Jung Yoon Seok , Lee Yong Min 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe digital twin technique has been broadly utilized to efficiently and effectively predict the performance and problems associated with real objects via a virtual replica. However, the digitalization of twin electrochemical systems has not been achieved thus far, owing to the large amount of required calculations of numerous and complex differential equations in multiple dimensions. Nevertheless, with the help of continuous progress in hardware and software technologies, the fabrication of a digital twin‐driven electrochemical system and its effective utilization have become a possibility. Herein, a digital twin‐driven all‐solid‐state battery with a solid sulfide electrolyte is built based on a voxel‐based microstructure. Its validity is verified using experimental data, such as effective electronic/ionic conductivities and electrochemical performance, for LiNi0.70Co0.15Mn0.15O2 composite electrodes employing Li6PS5Cl. The fundamental performance of the all‐solid‐state battery is scrutinized by analyzing simulated physical and electrochemical behaviors in terms of mass transport and interfacial electrochemical reaction kinetics. The digital twin model herein reveals valuable but experimentally inaccessible time‐ and space‐resolved information including dead particles, specific contact area, and charge distribution in the 3D domain. Thus, this new computational model is bound to rapidly improve the all‐solid‐state battery technology by saving the research resources and providing valuable insights.
Toward All Slot‐Die Fabricated High Efficiency Large Area Perovskite Solar Cell Using Rapid Near Infrared Heating in Ambient Air
Authors: Huang Shih‐Han , Guan Cheng‐Kang , Lee Pei‐Huan , Huang Hung‐Che , Li Chia‐Feng , Huang Yu‐Ching , Su Wei‐Fang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCurrently, high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells are mainly fabricated by the spin‐coating process, which limits the possibility of commercial mass‐production of perovskite solar cells. In this work, the slot‐die coating process is combined with near‐infrared irradiation heating to quickly manufacture perovskite solar cells in air. The composition of the perovskite precursor solution is tuned by adding n‐butanol, with its low boiling point and low surface tension, to increase the near‐infrared energy absorption, facilitate the evaporation of the solvent system and film formation, and accelerate the crystallization of perovskite. High‐quality uniform perovskite film can be prepared within 18 s. Moreover, the all slot‐die coating process is demonstrated to prepare over an area of 12 cm × 12 cm, four layers of uniform film overlay on top of each other for the devices except electrode in ambient air. A power conversion efficiency of ≈11% is achieved when this all slot‐die coated film is used to fabricate device. This facile process can greatly reduce the cost, time and bypass post‐annealing to fabricate high‐efficiency large‐area perovskite solar cells in ambient air.
Alkali Etching of Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets for Enhanced Photocatalytic N2 Reduction to NH3
Authors: Zhao Yunxuan , Zheng Lirong , Shi Run , Zhang Shuai , Bian Xuanang , Wu Fan , Cao Xingzhong , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Zhang Tierui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLayered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets show good activity in a wide range of photoreactions, with this activity being generally attributable to an abundance of surface oxygen vacancies or coordinatively unsaturated metal cations in the nanosheets which serve as active sites for reactant adsorption and activation. Recently, LDH nanosheets have been shown to be very effective for photocatalytic N2 reduction to NH3 using water as the reducing agent. Herein, it is demonstrated that a simple pretreatment of ZnCr‐LDH, ZnAl‐LDH, and NiAl‐LDH nanosheets with aqueous NaOH can greatly enhance the concentration of oxygen vacancies and low coordination metal centers in the nanosheets, thus significantly enhancing their photocatalytic activity for N2 reduction to NH3 under UV–vis irradiation (without the need for added sacrificial agents or cocatalysts). The facile alkali etching strategy introduced here is expected to be widely adopted in the future development of high‐performance LDH photocatalysts for ammonia production and other challenging chemical transformations (e.g., CO2 reduction and water splitting).
Simulating winter rye cover crop production under alternative management in a corn‐soybean rotation
Authors: Chatterjee Nilovna , Archontoulis Sotirios V. , Bastidas Angela , Proctor Christopher A , Elmore Roger W. , Basche Andrea D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) was used to evaluate two alternative approaches for extending the cover crop growing window into corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) crop rotations in Nebraska, USA. We evaluated how: (i) shifting corn planting dates (mid‐April to early‐June) and (ii) altering comparative relative maturity (CRM) corn hybrids (80 to 115 days) influence cover crop biomass and corn yields over a 30‐year period. The APSIM model was tested using experimental data and was then used to simulate a range of cover crop planting and termination scenarios. Our results showed no significant yield differences within the same corn relative maturity when planted on April 20 and May 13 but that yield declined when planted in June. During a six week fall cover crop planting window (September 15–October 31), every day before October 31 that the cover crop was planted resulted in additional 62 kg ha−1 of biomass. We also simulated a one month spring termination window (April 1–April 30) and, every day delay in cover crop termination resulted in per day additional 35 kg ha−1 of biomass. Cover crop biomass accrual was highly dependent on weather, where for identical fall planting dates, a warm wet season accrued approximately four times more biomass than a cool dry season. Although we found significant yield differences between early, medium and late season CRMs, earlier fall cover crop planting associated with either earlier spring corn planting or planting an early to medium season variety leads to ten‐fold greater cover biomass. Delayed corn planting by mid‐May had no yield penalty relative to April planting, and could facilitate four‐fold greater cover crop biomass (cover crop terminated April 30 instead of April 1). Our results demonstrate that earlier cover crop planting in fall or later cover crop termination in spring can result in significantly more biomass which can be balanced with yield goals.
Piecewise linear model predictive control of a rapid pressure swing adsorption system
Authors: Urich Matthew , Rama Rao Vemula , Kothare Mayuresh V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRapid pressure swing adsorption (RPSA) is a gas separation technology used in the small‐scale oxygen concentrator devices. These devices are commonly used to produce high purity (~90%) oxygen from air for oxygen rehabilitation therapy, but can also produce a much wider range of oxygen purities for other applications. RPSA is a complex, cyclic, nonlinear switched logic process resulting from the coupling of gas adsorption, heat transfer, flow reversal effects, and process logic switches. For RPSA devices to operate satisfactorily, feedback control is critical but challenging due to their inherent complexity. In this article, we present a piecewise linear model predictive control framework for operation and control of a single‐bed RPSA system. A set of coupled, nonlinear partial differential equations with flow switching conditions is used as a plant model for the RPSA process. Subspace system identification with pseudo‐random binary sequence signals applied to this plant model at multiple operating points is used to generate a family of piecewise linear models for use in the model predictive controller algorithm. Detailed descriptions of the RPSA plant model, the multiple linear model identification procedure, the controller formulation and model switching logic are presented. The closed‐loop system is evaluated in simulation using several realistic set point tracking and disturbance rejection cases.
Statistical analysis of anti‐mamushi venom serum injection time and clinical course
Authors: Okamoto Osamu , Sato Takaoki , Todoroki Asako , Suzuki Rui , Munemoto Sekinori , Nakashima Ryuta , Inagaki Nobuhiro , Shiota Seiji , Hashimoto Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2020

AimEarly injection of anti‐mamushi venom serum (antiserum) is believed to be effective for the treatment of patients with mamushi bites. However, there is no firm information that indicates the time range constituting “early” injection. We tried to quantify the cut‐off time of antiserum injection that brings favorable clinical courses by clarifying the relationship between the injection time and clinical outcome.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the relationships between the time after bite, injection time of the antiserum, swelling grades, and laboratory values.ResultsThe injection time of the antiserum in severe cases was significantly delayed as compared with non‐severe cases. The best cut‐off time of the antiserum injection that could distinguish non‐severe and severe cases was 14 h. In the group that received the antiserum within 14 h, the antiserum injection may have successfully arrested the grade progression in a substantial number of cases. In the other group receiving the antiserum beyond 14 h, the grades in many cases possibly may have peaked by the time of antiserum injection.ConclusionThe cut‐off time of early injection for favorable clinical course was determined to be 14 h. A statistical basis concerning the appropriate antiserum injection time was made to help prevent a severe clinical course due to delayed injection.
Negative Pressure Pyrolysis Induced Highly Accessible Single Sites Dispersed on 3D Graphene Frameworks for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zhou Huang , Yang Tong , Kou Zongkui , Shen Lei , Zhao Yafei , Wang Zhiyuan , Wang Xiaoqian , Yang Zhenkun , Du Junyi , Xu Jie , Chen Min , Tian Lin , Guo Wenxin , Wang Qiuping , Lv Hongwei , Chen Wenxing , Hong Xun , Luo Jun , He Daping , Wu Yuen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerein, we report a negative pressure pyrolysis to access dense single metal sites (Co, Fe, Ni etc.) with high accessibility dispersed on three‐dimensional (3D) graphene frameworks (GFs), during which the differential pressure between inside and outside of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) promotes the cleavage of the derived carbon layers and gradual expansion of mesopores. In situ transmission electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller tests reveal that the formed 3D GFs possess an enhanced mesoporosity and external surface area, which greatly favor the mass transport and utilization of metal sites. This contributes to an excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity (half‐wave potential of 0.901 V vs. RHE). Theoretical calculations verify that selective carbon cleavage near Co centers can efficiently lower the overall ORR theoretical overpotential in comparison with intact atomic configuration.
Patients' Perceptions After Robot‐Assisted Surgery: An Integrative Review
Authors: Moloney Rita , O’Brien Brid , Coffey J. Calvin , Coffey Alice , Murphy Fiona 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTSurgical techniques have greatly changed and advanced with the advent of robot‐assisted surgery (RAS). Patient outcome measures for RAS generally focus on patient morbidity and mortality, surgical complications, and hospital length of stay; there is limited research on patients’ perceptions of RAS. Researchers conducted an integrative literature review of published research on patient experience and satisfaction after undergoing RAS. They searched nine databases and screened 1,263 articles for eligibility, six of which were critically appraised and synthesized into two main themes: patient satisfaction with RAS and the effect of information sharing on patient satisfaction. There was a dearth of qualitative studies exploring patients’ perceptions after RAS and it was difficult to determine whether patient satisfaction was specifically related to the procedure modality (ie, robotic) or was influenced by other factors (eg, clinical outcomes). Clear differences between patient experience and satisfaction after undergoing RAS versus nonrobotic surgery are not apparent.
Efficacy of Cleaning Methods for Ophthalmic Microscopic Instruments: A Comparison Study
Authors: Zhou Wenzhe , Ye Cong , Huang Xiaoqiong , Zhang Peihua , Zheng Senguo , Qin Lei , Chen Yanyan 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe combination of silicone oil and blood is difficult to remove from ophthalmic surgical instruments during cleaning and decontamination processes. We sought to establish the most efficient cleaning procedure for this type of contaminated instrument. We uniformly contaminated microscopic instruments made of titanium alloy and stainless steel with either blood alone or blood and silicone oil. We randomly assigned each instrument to one of four types of cleaning procedures that involved combinations of water, a multi‐enzyme detergent, or an alkaline detergent. After completing the designated cleaning procedure, a sterile processing technician used an adenosine triphosphate cleaning verification test to evaluate the cleaning efficacy. When cleaning blood‐ and silicone oil–contaminated titanium‐alloy and stainless‐steel instruments, the alkaline detergent immersion followed by a multi‐enzyme detergent ultrasonic cleaning yielded the highest cleaning effectiveness score (92.5%), which indicates this was the most effective of the four cleaning procedures that we tested.
Preparation of hybrid poly(lactic acid)/flax composites by the insert overmolding process: Evaluation of mechanical performance and thermomechanical properties
Authors: Andrzejewski Jacek , Szostak Marek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article presents research into the development of a new type of composite materials prepared with the use of the overmolding method. The overmolded insert for the tested samples was in the form of composite prepreg. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/flax laminate was prepared by the compression molding technique from the commingled fabric. Two types of materials were used during the injection molding stage: pure PLA and PLA/harl composite prepared with 20 wt% of the flax harl particles. Harl straw is a waste byproduct of the flax fiber manufacturing process. All samples were subjected to a detailed analysis of their mechanical properties, dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMTA), and structure observations. The reinforcing efficiency of the used prepreg overmolding procedure was found to be very high. In addition to the significant increase in sample modulus, the most favorable improvement relates to impact test results. Most of the conducted studies confirm that high adhesion occurs between the composite insert and the injection‐molded material, which confirms the effectiveness of the used methodology.
Intermolecular interaction of thermoresponsive poly‐2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazoline in solutions and interpolymer complex with fiber‐forming polyethylene oxide
Authors: Amirova Alina , Rodchenko Serafim , Kurlykin Mikhail , Tenkovtsev Andrey , Krasnou Illia , Krumme Andres , Filippov Alexander 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe cross‐linked poly‐2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazolines (PiPrOx) differing in cross‐linker content have been synthesized and characterized by light scattering, chromatography, and rheometry. The dramatic influence of the cross‐linker content on solubility and uni‐ or bimodality was observed. For the first time, the interpolymer complex of cross‐linked PiPrOx with polyethylene oxide is manufactured in fibrous form by the electrospinning method. The role of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the structure and properties of electrospun fibers (EF) was studied by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. It was established that these interactions allow to obtain a uniform fibrous membrane. At the same time, hydrogen bonding is responsible for the self‐organization of PiPrOx in water.
Probing simple structural modification of α‐mangostin on its cholinesterase inhibition and cytotoxicity
Authors: Khaw Kooi‐Yeong , Kumar Pravin , Yusof Siti Rafidah , Ramanathan Surash , Murugaiyah Vikneswaran 
Published: July 2020

Abstractα‐Mangostin has been reported to possess a broad range of pharmacological effects including potent cholinesterase inhibition, but the development of α‐mangostin as a potential lead compound is impeded by its toxicity. The present study investigated the impact of simple structural modification of α‐mangostin on its cholinesterase inhibitory activities and toxicity toward neuroblastoma and liver cancer cells. The dialkylated derivatives retained good acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities with IC50 values between 4.15 and 6.73 µM, but not butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities, compared with α‐mangostin, a dual inhibitor (IC50: AChE, 2.48 µM; BChE, 5.87 µM). Dialkylation of α‐mangostin produced AChE selective inhibitors that formed hydrophobic interactions at the active site of AChE. Interestingly, all four dialkylated derivatives of α‐mangostin showed much lower cytotoxicity, being 6.4‐ to 9.0‐fold and 3.8‐ to 5.5‐fold less toxic than their parent compound on neuroblastoma and liver cancer cells, respectively. Likewise, their selectivity index was higher by 1.9‐ to 4.4‐fold; in particular, A2 and A4 showed improved selectivity index compared with α‐mangostin. Taken together, modification of the hydroxyl groups of α‐mangostin at positions C‐3 and C‐6 greatly influenced its BChE inhibitory and cytotoxic but not its AChE inhibitory activities. These dialkylated derivatives are viable candidates for further structural modification and refinement, worthy in the search of new AChE inhibitors with higher safety margins.
Leveraging the United States Epicenter to Provide Insights on COVID‐19 in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Fernandez‐Ruiz Ruth , Masson Mala , Kim Mimi Y. , Myers Benjamin , Haberman Rebecca H. , Castillo Rochelle , Scher Jose U. , Guttmann Allison , Carlucci Philip M. , Deonaraine Kristina K. , Golpanian Michael , Robins Kimberly , Chang Miao , Belmont H. Michael , Buyon Jill P. , Blazer Ashira D. , Saxena Amit , Izmirly Peter M. ,   the NYU WARCOV Investigators
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo characterize patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and to analyze associations of comorbidities and medications on infection outcomes.MethodsPatients with SLE and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction–confirmed COVID‐19 were identified through an established New York University lupus cohort, query of 2 hospital systems, and referrals from rheumatologists. Data were prospectively collected via a web‐based questionnaire and review of medical records. Data on baseline characteristics were obtained for all patients with COVID‐19 to analyze risk factors for hospitalization. Data were also collected on asymptomatic patients and those with COVID‐19–like symptoms who tested negative or were not tested. Statistical analyses were limited to confirmed COVID‐19–positive patients.ResultsA total of 226 SLE patients were included: 41 with confirmed COVID‐19, 19 who tested negative for COVID‐19, 42 with COVID‐19–like symptoms who did not get tested, and 124 who remained asymptomatic without testing. Of the SLE patients with confirmed COVID‐19, hospitalization was required in 24 (59%) and intensive care unit–level of care in 4, and 4 died. Hospitalized patients tended to be older, nonwhite, Hispanic, have higher body mas index (BMI), history of nephritis, and at least 1 comorbidity. An exploratory (due to limited sample size) logistic regression analysis identified race, presence of at least 1 comorbidity, and BMI as independent predictors of hospitalization.ConclusionIn general, the variables predictive of hospitalization in our SLE patients were similar to those identified in the general population. Further studies are needed to understand additional risk factors for poor COVID‐19 outcomes in patients with SLE.