bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desulfobacteraceae
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

De.sul.fo.bac.te.ra.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n.
Desulfobacter
, type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Desulfobacteraceae
, the family of
Desulfobacter
.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfobacteraceae

Cells are oval, vibrio, or rod shaped and occur singly or in pairs. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Motile or nonmotile. Strict anaerobes with a respiratory and fermentative (some members) type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs (all species) and chemolithoautotrophs (most species). Simple organic compounds can serve as sole electron donors and carbon sources and are oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CODH] or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway) or the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (only the genus
Desulfobacter
). The genus “
Desulfamplus
,” whose name is not validly published, is only capable of incomplete substrate oxidation. Chemolithoautotrophic growth on H
2
and CO
2
. Sulfate and often sulfite and thiosulfate can serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to sulfide. Fermentative growth on a few organic compounds might occur. Mesophilic and neutrophilic. The major menaquinones are MK‐7 and MK‐7(H
2
). The family currently accommodates seven genera with validly published names. Members of this family are found in anoxic sediments of brackish water or marine systems.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 41.3–52.0 (Genome,
T
m
, LC).

Type genus
:
Desulfobacter
Widdel 1981, VL7 (Effective publication: Widdel 1980).
Endozoicomonadaceae
Authors: Glaeser Stefanie P. , Kämpfer Peter 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

En.do.zo.i.co.mo.na.da.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Endozoicomonas
type genus of the family;
‐aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Endozoicomonadaceae
the
Endozoicomonas
family.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Oceanospirillales / Endozoicomonadaceae

Cells are Gram‐stain‐negative, rod shaped, and motile. Chemoorganotrophs with aerobic and partially anaerobic growth. Optimal growth temperature is 25–30°C. Salts are required for growth, at least 0.5% (w/v) NaCl. The major respiratory quinone is ubiquinone Q‐9. Predominant polyamines are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, and diphosphatidylglycerol. Predominant fatty acids are composed of summed feature C
16:1
ω7
c
/C
16:1
ω6
c
and C
16:0
; species dependent also on summed feature C
18:1
ω7
c
/C
18:1
ω6
c
. The major hydroxy fatty acid is C
10:0
3‐OH. The DNA G + C content of the genomic DNA is between 47 and 51 mol%. The family
Endozoicomonadaceae
is assigned within the class
Gammaproteobacteria
to the order
Oceanospirillales
based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny. Members of the family are associated with eukaryotic hosts in marine habitats. Members of the family are the genera
Endozoicomonas, Parendozoicomonas
, and
Kistimonas
. Based on its phylogenetic placement and further characteristics, the genus
Sansalvadorimonas
should also be placed within the family. The type genus is
Endozoicomonas
.

DNA G + C content (mol%):
47–51.

Type genus:
Endozoicomonas
Kurahashi and Yokota 2007
VP
.
Methanothrix
Authors: Akinyemi Taiwo S. , Shao Nana , Whitman William B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMe.tha'no.thrix. N.L. neut. n.methanummethane; Gr. fem. n.thrix, hair; N.L. fem. n.Methanothrix, methane (‐producing) hair.Halobacterota / Methanosarcinia / Methanotrichales / Methanotrichaceae / MethanothrixStraight, rod‐shaped cells with flat ends, usually 0.8–1.3 μm wide by 2.0–6.0 μm long enclosed in a tubular sheath. Forms short (∼5–25 μm) to long (>150 μm) flexible chains of cells within the sheath. Nonmotile. Gram‐stain‐negative. Lipids containmyo‐inositol, ethanolamine, and galactose as the polar head groups. Oxygen‐tolerant anaerobe. Organotrophic, splitting acetate into methane and CO2for energy generation. Some strains split formate into H2and CO2without producing methane. CO2can be reduced to methane in coculture withGeobacterspp. via direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). Growth factors such as vitamins are stimulatory. Yeast extract is required, stimulatory or inhibitory, depending on the strain. NaCl is not required for growth. Optimal temperatures range from 34 to 37°C for mesophilic strains and 55 to 60°C for thermophilic strains; optimal pH range is 7.0–7.8. Gas vacuoles are generally found in thermophilic strains. Occur in both mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic sludge digesters as well as anaerobic sediments. Synonymous with the genusMethanosaeta.DNA G + C content (mol%): 51–61 (genome).Type species:Methanothrix soehngeniiHuser et al. 1982, VL10.
Dehalogenimonas
Authors: Moe William M. , Rainey Fred A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

De.ha.lo.ge.ni.mo'nas. L. prep.
de
, away, off; N.L. neut. n.
halogenum
, halogen; L. fem. n.
monas
, unit, monad; N.L. fem. n.
Dehalogenimonas
a dehalogenating monad, reflecting the ability of these bacteria to dehalogenate chlorinated alkanes.

Chloroflexi / Dehalococcoidia / Dehalococcoidales / Dehalococcoidaceae / Dehalogenimonas

Cells of
Dehalogenimonas
species are irregular cocci. Endospores are not produced. Cells stain Gram‐negative. The strains are nonmotile. Strictly anaerobic. Mesophilic with optimum temperature of about 30°C. Neutrophilic with an optimum pH of about 7.0. Chemotrophic with halogenated organics as electron acceptors and H
2
or formate as electron donors. Cellular fatty acid profiles include unsaturated (C
18:1
ω9
c
and C
16:1
ω9
c
) and saturated straight‐chain (C
16:0
and C
14:0
) fatty acids. Representatives of this genus have been isolated or enriched from contaminated groundwater, sediment, and grape pomace.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 49.2–56.3 (genome analysis).

Type species:
Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens
Moe et al. 2009.
Desulfogranum gen. nov
.
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

De.sul.fo.gra'num. L. pref.
de
, from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
, sulfur; N.L. pref.
desulfo
‐, prefix used to characterize a dissimilatory sulfate‐reducing prokaryote; L. neut. n.
granum
, grain; N.L. neut. n.
Desulfogranum
, a sulfate‐reducing grain.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobulbia / Desulfobulbales / Desulfobulbaceae / Desulfogranum gen. nov.

Oval‐shaped rods, 0.8–1.7 × 1.0–3.2 μm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Motility might occur depending on the species. Anaerobic, having a respiratory and fermentative type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic, using propionate, ethanol, propanol, lactate, and pyruvate as carbon sources and electron donors. Some species can use mono‐ and disaccharides. Electron donors are incompletely oxidized to acetate. For growth on H
2
+ CO
2
(chemolithoheterotrophic growth) and formate, yeast extract or acetate is required. Sulfate and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to sulfide; sulfite is used by some species. Fermentative growth on pyruvate (all species) and sugars (some species). Mesophilic, with an optimal growth temperature between 25 and 35°C. Neutrophilic, with optimal pH range 6.7–7.5. All species show optimal growth in media with 20–30 g/l of NaCl. Media containing a reductant are necessary for growth. Vitamins or yeast extract seems to be required for growth of some species. Three former members of the genus
Desulfobulbus
are here reclassified as a new genus
Desulfogranum
within the family
Desulfobulbaceae
.
Desulfogranum
species occur in anoxic marine and brackish water sediments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 45.8–57.5 (genome).

Type species
:
Desulfogranum mediterraneum
comb. nov. (basonym:
Desulfobulbus mediterraneus
Sass et al. 2002, VL87).
Aquisphaera
Authors: Lage Olga Maria , Calisto Rita 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aquisphaera
(A.qui.sphae'ra. L. fem. n.
aqua
water; L. fem. n.
sphaera
a ball, globe, sphere; N.L. fem. n.
Aquisphaera
a spherical bacterium living in freshwater).

Planctomycetes / Planctomycetia / Isosphaerales / Isosphaeraceae / Aquisphaera

The genus
Aquisphaera
accommodates Gram‐negative, spherical, and nonmotile bacteria that form small, translucent, smooth, and light pink‐pigmented colonies. Crater‐like structures are distributed around the cell surface. Depending on the medium composition, cells can form large glycocalyces. Extremely large aggregates can be formed in liquid medium. Thin cell sections reveal extensive invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane. Reproduction occurs by budding resembling budding fission. Chemoheterotrophic, strictly aerobic, catalase‐ and cytochrome oxidase‐positive. Vitamin B12 required for growth. Mesophilic (30–35°C), slightly alkaliphilic, and sensitive to NaCl. The major fatty acids are C
18:1
ω9
c
and C
16:0
. The predominant phospholipids are phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. MK‐6 is the major menaquinone oxidized. Members of the class
Planctomycetia
, order
Isosphaerales
, family
Isosphaeraceae
. Known habitats are freshwater sediments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
:
70.8 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Aquisphaera giovannonii
Bondoso et al. 2011
VP
.
Chitinispirillum
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Mardanov Andrey V. , Ravin Nikolai V. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Chi.ti.ni.spi.ril'lum N.L. neut. n.
chitinum
, chitin; Gr. fem. n.
spira
spiral; N.L. dim. neut. n.
spirillum
a small spiral. N.L. neut. n.
Chitinispirillum,
a spirillum utilizing chitin as substrate.

Fibrobacterota / Chitinispirillia / Chitinispirillales / Chitinispirillaceae / Aquisphaera

The genus
Chitinispirillum
is currently classified in the class
Chitinispirillia,
which forms a deep‐branching lineage within the phylum
Fibrobacterota
. Its closest relative is the genus
Chitinivibrio,
which is also a member of the
Fibrobacterota
. These two genera comprise alkaliphilic fermentative anaerobes utilizing chitin as the only substrate. Members of
Chitinispirillum
are moderately salt‐tolerant obligate alkaliphiles inhabiting anoxic sediments of soda lakes. The genus includes a single species C
. alkaliphilum
, which is the type species of the genus.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 42.9 (genome).

Type species
:
Chitinispirillum alkaliphilum
Sorokin et al. 2016, VL170.
Chitinivibrio
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Mardanov Andrey V. , Ravin Nikolai V. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Chi.ti.ni.vi'bri.o. N.L. neut. n.
chitinum
, chitin; N.L. masc. n.
vibrio
, that which vibrates; N.L. masc. n.
Chitinivibrio
, vibrio‐shaped bacterium utilizing chitin as substrate.

Fibrobacterota / Chitinivibrionia / Chitinivibrionales / Chitinivibrionaceae / Chitinivibrio

The genus
Chitinivibrio
is classified in the class
Chitinivibrionia,
forming a deep independent lineage within the phylum
Fibrobacterota
. Its closest relative is the genus
Chitinispirillum
, which is also a member of the
Fibrobacterota
. Both these two deep lineages are alkaliphilic fermentative anaerobes with extremely narrow metabolic specialization utilizing chitin as the only substrate. Members of the genus
Chitinivibrio
are extremely salt‐tolerant alkaliphiles inhabiting anoxic sediments of hypersaline soda lakes. The genus includes a single species C
. alkaliphilus
, which is the type species of the genus.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 46.2 (genome).

Type species
:
Chitinivibrio alkaliphilus
Sorokin et al. 2014, VL160.
Salinispira
Authors: Spring Stefan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSa.li.ni.spi'ra. L. neut. n.salinumsalt‐cellar; L. fem. n.spiracoil, spire; N.L. fem. n.Salinispiraa saline spiral.Spirochaetes / Spirochaetia / Spirochaetales / Spirochaetaceae / SalinispiraThe genusSalinispiraaccommodates spirochetes from anoxic hypersaline environments and is represented by one species and strain. Cells of the nomenclatural type,Salinispira pacificaL21‐RPul‐D2T, have a helical shape and a size of 0.2–0.25 × 8–9 μm, stain Gram‐negative, are motile, and produce an orange carotenoid‐like pigment. Spherical bodies can be formed during stationary phase. Optimal conditions for growth are 35°C, a salinity of 5% NaCl, and a pH around 7.0. Preferred substrates for growth are carbohydrates and a few carboxylic acids. Obligate fermentative metabolism with the production of ethanol, acetate, lactate, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide during growth on glucose. Oxygen in the gas phase is tolerated but does not stimulate growth. Major cellular fatty acids are C14:0, iso‐C15:0, C16:0, and C18:0. Polar lipids are dominated by an unidentified aminolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, and two unidentified glycolipids. No detectable lipoquinones or cytochromes. The genome ofSalinispira pacificaL21‐RPul‐D2Tcomprises one circular chromosome with a size of 3.78 Mb that contains 3,450 protein‐coding genes and 50 RNA genes, including two operons of ribosomal RNA genes.DNA G + C content (mol%): 51.9 (genome analysis).Type species:Salinispira pacificaBen Hania et al. 2015, VL163.
Histologic Observations of Dermal Wound Healing in a Free-Ranging Blacktip Shark from the Southeastern U.S. Atlantic Coast: A Case Report
Authors: Borucinska Joanna , Adams Douglas H. , Frazier Bryan S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Despite indications that sharks have an exceptional capacity to heal from traumatic injuries, no detailed microscopic observations of integumental wounds have been reported for sharks. This study details the histopathological features of such wounds in a free-ranging shark. An adult male Blacktip Shark Carcharhinus limbatus was collected in 2017 during fisheries-independent sampling efforts in the coastal southeastern U.S. Atlantic. The shark had numerous lesions on his head, torso, and left pectoral fin that were compatible with shark bites. Representative samples from two wounds on the head were examined by light microscopy. The epidermal changes included hyperplasia and hypertrophy; intracellular edema; and the absence of goblet cells, denticles, and chromatophores. In the dermis, fibrinocellular exudation, granulation tissue, and marked skeletal muscle necrosis and regeneration were observed. The above features were comparable to wound healing in bony fish, albeit minor differences were found. Although this case documents exceptionally good regeneration of skeletal muscle in the shark, we found no evidence of unique morphological healing patterns. Further studies on wound healing are needed because recent molecular and genetic findings do suggest evolutionary adaptations enhancing healing in sharks.
Imaging Outcomes for Axial Spondyloarthritis and Sensitivity to Change: A Five‐Year Analysis of the DESIR Cohort
Authors: Sepriano Alexandre , Ramiro Sofia , van der Heijde Désirée , Dougados Maxime , Claudepierre Pascal , Feydy Antoine , Reijnierse Monique , Loeuille Damien , Landewé Robert 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the sensitivity to change of different imaging scoring methods in patients with early axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).MethodsPatients from the Devenir des Spondylarthropathies Indifferérenciées Récentes (DESIR) cohort fulfilling the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society criteria for axial SpA were included. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sacroiliac (SI) joints and spine were obtained at baseline, 1, 2, and 5 years. Each image was scored by 2 or 3 readers in 3 separate reading waves. The rate of change of outcomes measuring inflammation of the spine and SI joints (e.g., Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada [SPARCC] score) and structural damage on MRI (e.g., ≥3 fatty lesions) and radiographs (e.g., modified New York grading) was assessed using multilevel generalized estimating equation models (taking all readers and waves into account). To allow comparisons across outcomes, rates were standardized (difference between the individual's value and the population mean divided by the SD).ResultsIn total, 345 patients were included. Inflammation detected on MRI of the SI joints (MRI‐SI joints) (standardized rate range –0.278, –0.441) was more sensitive to change compared to spinal inflammation (range –0.030, –0.055). Structural damage in the SI joints showed a higher standardized rate of change on MRI‐SI joints (range 0.015, 0.274) compared to radiography of the SI joints (range 0.043, 0.126). MRI‐SI joints damage defined by ≥3 fatty lesions showed the highest sensitivity to change (0.274). Spinal structural damage slowly progressed over time with no meaningful difference between radiographic (range 0.037, 0.043) and MRI structural outcomes (range 0.008, 0.027).ConclusionStructural damage assessed in pelvic radiographs has low sensitivity to change, while fatty lesions detected on MRI‐SI joints are a promising alternative. In contrast, MRI of the spine is not better than radiography of the spine in detecting structural changes in patients with early axial SpA.
Well‐Balanced Ambipolar Organic Single Crystals toward Highly Efficient Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: An Ming‐Hui , Ding Ran , Zhu Qin‐Cheng , Ye Gao‐Da , Wang Hai , Du Ming‐Xu , Chen Shuo‐Nan , Liu Yu , Xu Mei‐Li , Xu Ting , Wang Wei , Feng Jing , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCarrier mobility is one of the key issues for applications of organic semiconductors in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Organic single crystals possess much higher carrier mobility compared to amorphous films. However, unipolar properties with unbalanced hole and electron transporting ability have been a bottleneck for the high performance of organic single crystal‐based devices. Here, well‐balanced ambipolar organic single crystals are developed by mixing of n‐ and p‐type molecules with maintained single‐crystalline structures. Carrier mobility of the ambipolar single crystals is manipulated by tuning the mixing ratio, and nearly equal hole and electron mobility can be achieved. Highly efficient single crystal‐based organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) are demonstrated by employing the ambipolar crystals as the mixed host for a red emitter pentacene to realize efficient exciton confinement and energy transfer within the emissive layer. As a result, maximum luminance of 5467 cd m−2 and current efficiency of 2.82 cd A−1 are achieved, which represents, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the record performance for the organic single crystal‐based OLEDs to date. The strategy to manipulate the charge‐transport properties of the organic single crystals in this work represents a significant step toward practical applications of the organic single crystals in optoelectronics.
In Situ Replenishment of Formation Cycle Lithium‐Ion Loss for Enhancing Battery Life
Authors: Palanisamy Manikandan , Parekh Mihit H. , Pol Vilas G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn situ replenishment of formation cycle lithium‐ion loss is considered for the development of longer‐lasting rechargeable batteries, containing a thin lithium reservoir‐electrode to mitigate the formation cycle capacity loss. Synchronized lithium and lithium‐ion batteries (SLLIB) deliver specific charge‐discharge capacities of 147/145 mAh g–1 for mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) versus LiFePO4 and 186/171 mAh g–1 for C‐Si versus LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 at 0.2 C. The energy‐reduced cells (due to solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation) are replenished and achieved an increased energy density of 455 Wh kg–1 with retained flat‐voltage profile for SLLIB–MCMB versus LiFePO4 and 576 Wh kg–1 for SLLIB–C‐Si versus LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 through Li+ ion in situ reservoir replenishment from the reservoir‐electrode to the MCMB/C‐Si anode. Furthermore, reserve mode cycling process delivers charge‐discharge capacities of 126/124 mAh g–1 for SLLIB–Li versus LiFePO4 and 137/136 mAh g–1 for SLLIB–Li versus LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 at 0.2 C, associated with the Li+ ion transportation between reservoir‐electrode and LiFePO4/LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode, confirmed by the Li+ ion diffusion path through MCMB and C‐Si electrodes, using EIS analysis. Ultimately, the in situ reservoir replenishment, replenished cycling and reserve mode cycling processes of SLLIB leads to enhanced battery life.
Strengthened Tumor Photodynamic Therapy Based on a Visible Nanoscale Covalent Organic Polymer Engineered by Microwave Assisted Synthesis
Authors: Lu Yao , Song Ge , He Bing , Zhang Hua , Wang Xueqing , Zhou Demin , Dai Wenbing , Zhang Qiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCovalent organic polymers (COPs) possess fascinating features including large surface area, tunable pore size, good stability, and biodegradability. As advanced functional materials, both their synthesis and potential use must be further explored. In an effort to facilitate enhanced photodynamic therapy of cancer, here a porphyrin‐containing nanoscale COPs (nCOP) via a facile microwave synthesis method, followed by the loading of a thioredoxin‐1 inhibitor PX‐12, is fabricated. The obtained nCOP‐PX‐12 is visible in vitro and in vivo due to the existence of meso‐tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl) porphyrin (TAPP). With the acid‐cleavable imine group, it demonstrates pH‐responsive drug release. Additionally, the released TAPP achieves mitochondria targeting which can induce mitochondrial‐dependent tumor cell apoptosis with laser irradiation. The combination therapy can induce immunogenic cell death and APCs activation, while PX‐12 is found to remodel the tumor hypoxic microenvironment via blocking the downstream signaling pathways of thioredoxin‐1. The nanosystem also exhibits excellent tumor accumulation and biosafety. After a single intratumoral dose of nCOP‐PX‐12 with relatively low density of laser, 98.5% primary cancer, 65.3% untreated distant tumors and 83.2% lung metastasis are inhibited. Overall, this study improves the synthesis of multifunctional nCOP and proposes a powerful photodynamic therapy with high specificity to overcome the resistance of hypoxic tumors.
Giant Domain Wall Conductivity in Self‐Assembled BiFeO3 Nanocrystals
Authors: Liu Lisha , Xu Kun , Li Qian , Daniels John , Zhou Hua , Li Jiangyu , Zhu Jing , Seidel Jan , Li Jing‐Feng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEver‐increasing demand on electronic devices with ultrahigh‐density non‐volatile data storage has attracted great interest in novel ferroelectric memories based on conductive ferroelectric domain walls. Embedded in an insulating material, ferroelectric domain walls have the capability of being (re)created, displaced, erased, and altered in their spatial configurations and electronic characteristics. However, the domain wall conductivities are in most cases not yet sufficiently high to ensure the current density required to drive read‐out circuits operating at high speeds. In this work, a giant domain wall current (>10 µA) of a single charged domain wall is obtained through conductive atomic force microscopy with a bias field of 4 V. This is achieved in self‐assembled BiFeO3 nanocrystals grown by sol‐gel method on Nb‐doped SrTiO3 substrates. Local configurations of domains and domain wall types are studied using vector piezoresponse force microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electronic microscopy. The enhancement of the wall current is shown to be due to the formation of conducting pathways of charged defects accumulated along domain walls and traversing the nanocrystals. The diverse domain walls can be manipulated by electric field in a perpendicular architecture. The perpendicular array structure of BiFeO3 nanocrystals should have great potentials for developing perpendicular nanoelectronic prototypes.