bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tribological performance of nano-diamond composites-dispersed lubricants on commercial cylinder liner mating with CrN piston ring
Authors: Huang Ruoxuan , Wang Zichun , Yuan Xiaoshuai , Zhang Tianchi , Ma Siqi , Chen Xiangnan , Xu Jiujun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work investigated the effect of nanodiamond (ND) additives on the tribological properties of CrN-coated piston ring mating with the chromium-plated and BP alloy iron cylinder liners, which is one of the key friction pairs in the internal combustion engines. To enhance the dispersion of the NDs in the base oil, the surface of ND particles was modified with polyaniline viain situpolymerization. The friction and wear as well as the scuffing characteristics of the friction pair lubricated with different contents of ND composite-added base oil were evaluated by using the reciprocating tribotests, which are close to the actual conditions. The wear surface morphologies and elements distribution were analyzed to explore the wear behaviors and the associated mechanisms of friction pairs under the lubrication incorporated with the ND composites. The results show that the ND additive is beneficial for the pair of Cr liner and CrN-coated piston ring in the friction and wear as well as scuffing properties, and the best concentration of ND additive is expected to be around 1 wt%. But for the BP liner, the developed nanocomposite has a negative impact. The friction force and the wear loss of the pair lubricated by the ND composite-added oil are even worse than that tested with the base lubricating oil.
Use of rotifer trophic state indices to show the effect of hydrobionts and nutrients on water trophic status in mesocosms
Authors: Ejsmont-Karabin Jolanta , Feniova Irina , Kostrzewska-Szlakowska Iwona , Rzepecki Marek , Petrosyan Varos G. , Dzialowski Andrew R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We have determined how Crustacea, zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), fish and nutrients affect the trophic state in mesocosms filled with water collected from the pelagic zone of a eutrophic lake. We hypothesized that the pool of nutrients would increase both directly due to the input of phosphorus and nitrogen and/or indirectly due to the introduction of animal biomass. We used trophic state indices based on the abundance and species structure of rotifers to assess changes in the trophic state in mesocosms. The role of small detritophages in rotifer communities increased as a result of treatments. Our results clearly demonstrated that D. polymorpha was able to reduce the trophic status of mesocosm waters as indicated by reduced rotifer trophic state indices regardless of interactions with other treatment factors. Contrary to our expectations, neither the nutrients added at the beginning of the experiment nor the introduction of crustaceans or fish affected the rotifer trophic indices.
Combination of nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes for organic hybrid thermoelectrics
Authors: Toshima Naoki , Shiraishi Yukihide 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are usually very expensive, but inexpensive CNTs have been mass-produced by a super-growth (SG) method. The SG-CNTs, however, have many defects resulting in a low conductivity, which is a disadvantage of the SG-CNTs. We discovered that even the defective SG-CNTs can provide a good thermoelectric performance by forming ternary hybrid films made of the SG-CNTs, nanoparticles (NPs) of a conducting polymer complex, poly(nickel 1,1,2,2-ethenetetrathiolate) (PETT) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The good thermoelectric performance of the ternary film (PETT-NP/SG-CNT/PVC) was possibly attributed to the defect repair effect in addition to the bridging effect of the PETT-NPs among the CNTs. In order to confirm this new concept, we attempted the deposition of metal NPs at the defects of the SG-CNTs. We initially made a physical mixture of palladium (Pd) NPs and the SG-CNTs in dispersions to cover the SG-CNT defects with the Pd-NPs. The obtained films showed only a slight improvement in electrical conductivity. Chemical reduction of the Pd ions in the dispersion of the SG-CNTs, on the other hand, provided hybrids with an enhanced electrical conductivity, thus, use as thermoelectric materials. The thermoelectric figure-of-merit was estimated to be ∼0.3, which is a relatively high value for organic hybrid materials.
Particular kinetic patterns of heavy oil feedstock hydroconversion in the presence of dispersed nanosize MoS2
Authors: Maximov Anton L. , Kadiev Khusain M. , Zekel Leonid A. , Gyul’maliev Agadjan M. , Kadieva Malkan Kh. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A kinetic model of the heavy oil feedstock hydroconversion performed in continuous flow reactor in the presence of in-situ synthesized dispersed nanosize catalyst Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been proposed. The kinetic parameters of heavy oil feedstock with different properties have been determined for the two process versions: with coke formation and without appreciable coke formation. It has been stated that hydroconversion in the presence of in-situ synthesized dispersed MoS2 (C(Mo) = 0.05% wt. (per feed)) corresponds to a first-order reaction for all studied feedstock samples. The rate and activation energy constants have been determined. It has been shown that the conditions of polycondensation products (coke) formation result in increasing process rate and decreasing activation energy.
Swelling behavior and mechanical properties of Chitosan-Poly(N-vinyl-pyrrolidone) hydrogels
Authors: Budianto Emil , Amalia Annissa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this research, three modified chitosan-based hydrogels are synthesized, i.e., a crosslinked chitosan hydrogel and semi- and fully-interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) chitosan hydrogels fabricated using poly(N-vinyl-pyrrolidone). A non-modified chitosan hydrogel was also synthesized as a control. These samples were compared regarding their swelling behavior and mechanical properties. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis and microscopy observations. The effect of crosslinking on the swelling capacity and on the swelling kinetics were evaluated in distilled water, simulated gastric fluid (SGF), and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) at 37 °C, and the data were interpreted using various kinetic models. Finally, the mechanical properties were evaluated based on the tensile strength using a universal tensile testing machine. The results revealed that the swelling process conformed to the Schott model (pseudo-second-order kinetics), with Fickian diffusion as the diffusion mechanism type. The hydrogels all showed similar trends in their swelling kinetics. However, the full-IPN hydrogel exhibited the lowest equilibrium swelling capacity and the highest swelling rate. The mechanical test results indicate that the crosslinking model affects the resulting tensile strength.
Colorants in building materials
Authors: Pfaff Gerhard 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This review article is a summary of the current knowledge on colorants in building materials, respectively, construction materials. Building materials belong as well as paints, coatings, plastics, printing inks, and cosmetic formulations to the most important application systems for colorants. The only relevant colorants used in building materials are inorganic pigments. These have to meet high demands with regard to color and stability in the application system, especially in concretes. Different processing methods are used for coloring of cement, respectively, concrete. The coloring processes need to be coordinated in accordance with the steps of the processing leading to the final building materials.
Effect of PM characterization on PM oxidative potential by acellular assays: a review
Authors: Guo Huibin , Jin Lei , Huang Sijing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The health risks brought by particles cannot be present via a sole parameter. Instead, the particulate matter oxidative potential (PM OP), which expresses combined redox properties of particles, is used as an integrated metric to assess associated hazards and particle-induced health effects. OP definition provides the capacity of PM toward target oxidation. The latest technologies of a cellular OP measurement has been growing in relevant studies. In this review, OP measurement techniques are focused on discussing along with PM characterization because of many related studies via OP measurements investigating relationship with human health. Many OP measurement methods, such as dithiothreitol (DTT), ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione (GSH) assay and other a cellular assays, are used to study the association between PM toxicity and PM characterization that make different responses, including PM components, size and sources. Briefly, AA and DTT assays are sensitive to metals (such as copper, manganese and iron etc.) and organics (quinones, VOCs and PAH). Measured OP have significant association with certain PM-related end points, for example, lung cancer, COPD and asthma. Literature has found that exposure to measured OP has higher risk ratios than sole PM mass, which may be containing the PM health-relevant fraction. PM characterization effect on health via OP measurement display a promising method.
Chemical mixtures and neurobehavior: a review of epidemiologic findings and future directions
Authors: Vuong Ann M. , Yolton Kimberly , Braun Joseph M. , Lanphear Bruce P. , Chen Aimin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies have historically focused on single toxicants, or toxic chemicals, and neurodevelopment, even though the interactions of chemicals and nutrients may result in additive, synergistic, antagonistic, or potentiating effects on neurological endpoints. Investigating the impact of environmentally-relevant chemical mixtures, including heavy metals and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), is more reflective of human exposures and may result in more refined environmental policies to protect the public.ObjectiveIn this review, we provide a summary of epidemiological studies that have analyzed chemical mixtures of heavy metals and EDCs and neurobehavior utilizing multi-chemical models, including frequentist and Bayesian methods.ContentStudies investigating chemicals and neurobehavior have the opportunity to not only examine the impact of chemical mixtures, but they can also identify chemicals from a mixture that may play a key role in neurotoxicity, investigate interactive effects, estimate non-linear dose response, and identify potential windows of susceptibility. The examination of neurobehavioral domains is particularly challenging given that traits emerge and change over time and subclinical nuances of neurobehavior are often unrecognized. To date, only a handful of epidemiological studies examining neurodevelopment have utilized multi-pollutant models in the investigation of heavy metals and EDCs. However, these studies were successful in identifying contaminants of importance from the exposure mixtures.Summary and OutlookInvestigators are encouraged to broaden their focus to include more environmentally relevant mixtures of chemicals using advanced statistical approaches, particularly to aid in identifying potential mechanisms underlying associations.
GABAergic and glutamatergic effects on nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine release in the rat
Authors: Nikolaus Susanne , Beu Markus , Wittsack Hans-Jörg , Müller-Lutz Anja , Antke Christina , Hautzel Hubertus , Mori Yuriko , Mamlins Eduards , Antoch Gerald , Müller Hans-Wilhelm 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this review, a series of experiments is presented, in which γ-amino butyric acid (GABA)ergic and glutamatergic effects on dopamine function in the rat nigrostriatal and mesolimbic system was systematically assessed after pharmacological challenge with GABAA receptor (R) and and N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA)R agonists and antagonists. In these studies, [123I]iodobenzamide binding to the D2/3R was mesured in nucleus accumbens (NAC), caudateputamen (CP), substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA), frontal (FC), motor (MC) and parietal cortex (PC) as well as anterior (aHIPP) and posterior hippocampus (pHIPP) with small animal SPECT in baseline and after injection of either the GABAAR agonist muscimol (1 mg/kg), the GABAAR antagonist bicuculline (1 mg/kg), the NMDAR agonist d-cycloserine (20 mg/kg) or the NMDAR antagonist amantadine (40 mg/kg). Muscimol reduced D2/3R binding in NAC, CP, SN/VTA, THAL and pHIPP, while, after amantadine, decreases were confined to NAC, CP and THAL. In contrast, d-cycloserine elevated D2/3R binding in NAC, SN/VTA, THAL, frontal cortex, motor cortex, PC, aHIPP and pHIPP, while, after bicuculline, increases were confined to CP and THAL. Taken together, similar actions on regional dopamine levels were exterted by the GABAAR agonist and the NMDAR antagonist on the one side and by the GABAAR antagonist and the NMDAR agonist on the other, with agonistic action, however, affecting more brain regions. Thereby, network analysis suggests different roles of GABAARs and NMDARs in the mediation of nigrostriatal, nigrothalamocortical and mesolimbocortical dopamine function.
Can insights from placebo and nocebo mechanisms studies improve the randomized controlled trial?
Authors: Vase Lene 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background and aims
The randomized controlled trial (RCT) is currently facing several challenges, one of these being that the placebo response appears to be increasing in RCTs, thereby making it difficult to demonstrate an effect of potentially new treatments over placebo. This problem has primarily been approached by predicting the magnitude of the placebo response via stable factors, such as demographic variables, and/or by developing complex designs aimed at reducing the placebo response in the hope that it will improve the test of the active treatment. Yet, the success of this approach has so far been limited.

Methods
A new approach toward improving the RCT is put forward based on placebo and nocebo mechanism studies, i.e. studies that investigate the mechanisms underlying placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia. In a series of meta-analyses the magnitude of placebo and nocebo effects were determined. Experimental studies across nociplastic and neuropathic pain conditions and across pharmacological and acupuncture treatments investigated psychological and neurobiological mechanisms underlying these effects. The obtained results were used to make approximations of expectations to see if that could predict the placebo response in RCTs and function as a new way of tapping into the placebo component of treatment effects.

Results
The magnitude of placebo and nocebo effects is large and highly variable. Placebo effects exist across chronic pain conditions with varying degrees of known etiology as well as across pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Patients’ perception of the treatment, the verbal suggestions given for pain relief, and the patients’ expectations toward pain relief contribute to the magnitude of the placebo effect and to pain relief following placebo interventions. Also, unintentional unblinding and patients’ perception of a treatment markedly influence the treatment outcome. By making approximations of expectations toward treatment effects it was possible to predict the magnitude of the placebo response in RCTs.

Conclusions and implications
The new approach of tapping into or directly asking patients about their perception and expectations toward a treatment, along with the account of the natural history of pain, has the potential to improve the information that can be obtained from RCTs. Thus, by interfacing insights from placebo and nocebo mechanism studies, it may be possible to enhance the information that can be obtained from RCTs and to account for a large part of the variability in the placebo component of the overall treatment effect. This approach has the potential to improve the scientific evaluation of treatments, as well as to illustrate how the effect of treatments can be optimized in clinical practice, which is the crux of evidence-based medicine.
Reue als nützliche Selbstentmächtigung
Authors: Boothe Brigitte 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungOpfer von Traumatisierungen sind der Fremdbemächtigung preisgegeben und massiven Beeinträchtigungen ihrer körperlichen, seelischen und sozialen Integrität ausgesetzt. Langfristig gehört zur – häufig nur partiell erfolgreichen – Bewältigung auch die Exploration und Einschätzung des destruktiven Geschehens aus neuer Perspektive im Hier und Jetzt. Personen, die als schädigende oder maligne Akteure wirksam geworden sind, vergewissern sich einer Position der Stärke und immunisieren sich häufig gegen eine nachträgliche Infragestellung eigenen Handelns oder Unterlassens, allerdings auf Kosten der Realitätsprüfung, der Empathie, der Beziehungsintelligenz und Beziehungssensibilität. Wird dennoch eine nachträgliche Auseinandersetzung mit negativen Aspekten des eigenen Handelns möglich, entsteht in der Reue zunächst eine radikale Suspension der Position der Stärke, die als existenziell krisenhaft und verstörend erfahrbar wird, die aber zu einer tiefgehenden Umgestaltung des Selbst- und Weltverhältnisses führen kann.
From Choral to Monodic Hymns: Some Evidence from theHomeric Hymns
Authors: Strolonga Polyxeni 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates internal evidence from the Homeric Hymns in order to trace the development from choral to monodic hymns. A study of the words humneo and humnos and the analysis of the embedded choral theogonic songs in the corpus of the Homeric Hymns show that women’s choral songs about gods are always identified as hymns, while the monodic theogonies, which are described in this corpus, are not identified as such. This division between choral and monodic hymns, reflected to some extent in the diction, is reconciled in the Homeric Hymn to Apollo, in which the poet, representing a different genre, addresses and praises the Delian Maidens – the choral singers par excellence. As the Homeric Hymns evolve from cultic, choral hymns, they turn the local praise of gods into panhellenic encomia. Such transition is also alluded to in other sources, in which hymns are disseminated and adapted by male performers, as a result of a female chorus’ instruction.
Space and Text Worlds in Apollonius
Authors: Hutchinson Gregory 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe paper looks not so much at geographical space or at the standard antithesis of “space” and “place,” but at the fluctuating relationships of space and mind. Various contrasts of inside and outside are considered (bodies, ships, houses), in connection with characters’ experience of space and its meaning. Werth’s idea of text worlds is then considered: the shifting worlds presented in a text, often as perceived or constructed by characters. This approach is given more substance by thinking about space; spatial approaches are given more finesse by thinking about text worlds. The marriage of approaches works happily for similes, for characters’ imaginings, for the physical spaces they structure and manage. It suits the ever-shifting Argonautica well.
An anxiolytic drug buspirone ameliorates hyperglycemia and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rat model
Authors: Çavuşoğlu Tugba Gurpinar , Darıverenli Ertan , Vural Kamil , Ekerbicer Nuran , Ulman Cevval , Ölmez Ercüment , Uysal Nazan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Type 2 diabetes is a common metabolic disease and anxiety disorders are very common among diabetics. Buspirone is used in the treatment of anxiety, also having blood glucose-lowering effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of buspirone on the glucose and lipid metabolism as well as vascular function in type 2 diabetic rats.

Methods
A type 2-diabetic model was induced through a high-fat diet for eight weeks followed by the administration of low-dose streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) in rats. Buspirone was given at two different doses (1.5 mg/kg/d and 5 mg/kg/d) and combined with metformin (300 mg/kg/d). The fasting glucose and insulin levels, lipid profile were analyzed, and vascular response measured from the thoracic aorta was also evaluated.

Results
Both doses of buspirone caused a significant improvement in fasting blood glucose levels. In particular, the buspirone treatment, combined with metformin, improved endothelial dysfunction and was found to be correlated with decreased nitrate/nitrite levels.

Conclusions
Buspirone may be effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, either alone or in combination with other treatments, particularly in terms of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and impaired blood glucose, and insulin levels.
Evaluation of thiol disulphide levels in patients with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Yücel Kamile , Erdem Said Sami , Kurtipek Ercan , Bekci Taha Tahir , Neşelioğlu Salim , Erel Özcan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Maintaining the thiol-disulphide balance is essential for antioxidant defense and apoptosis. The study aimed to evaluate of thiol-disulphide levels in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods
The study included a total of 97 participants: 48 patients and 49 healthy individuals. Serum native thiol (NT), total thiol (TT) and disulphide (DS) levels (µmol/L) were measured using the novel spectrophotometric method.

Results
We found significantly lower levels of NT (195.44±83.3 μmol/L), DS (20.42±9.20 μmol/L) and TT (236.26±90.66 μmol/L) in patients with PE compared with the healthy controls (304.42±62.13, 24.33±8.09 and 353.07±63.58 μmol/L respectively). Patients with PE had lower serum albumin levels (3.11±1.03 g/dL) and higher ischaemia modified albumin (IMA) levels (0.82±0.16 g/dL) compared with the controls (3.89±0.52 and 0.67±0.15 g/dL, respectively). Serum albumin levels in patients were strongly correlated with plasma IMA (r=−0.737; p<0.001), NT (r=0.786; p<0.001) and TT levels (r=0.841; p<0.001). Serum NT levels were strongly correlated with serum TT levels (r=0.981; p<0.001) in patients.

Conclusions
This study found lower TT, NT and DS levels in patients with PE than in the control group. Our study revealed that thiol-disulphide homeostasis could be altered during PE and further studies are needed to be used as prognostic markers for hospital mortality.
Studying the hydrogen atom position in the strong-short intermolecular hydrogen bond of pure and 5-substituted 9-hydroxyphenalenones by invariom refinement and ONIOM cluster computations
Authors: Gruber Irina , Bensch Lisa , Müller Thomas J. J. , Janiak Christoph , Dittrich Birger 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The solid-state structures of three H-bonded enol forms of 5-substituted 9-hydroxyphenalenones were investigated to accurately determine the H atom positions of the intramolecular hydrogen bond. For this purpose, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) data were evaluated by invariom-model refinement. In addition, QM/MM computations of central molecules in their crystal environment show that results of an earlier standard independent atom model refinement, which pointed to the presence of a resonance-assisted hydrogen bond in unsubstituted 9-hydroxyphenalone, are misleading: in all our three and the earlier solid-state structures the lowest energy form is that of an asymmetric hydrogen bond (CS form). Apparent differences of results from SC-XRD and other analytical methods are explained.