bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern and determinant factors of birth intervals among Iranian women: a semi-parametric multilevel survival model
Authors: Seyedtabib Maryam , Moghimbeigi Abbas , Mahmoudi Mahmood , Majdzadeh Reza , Mahjub Hossein 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe interval between successive pregnancies (birth interval) is one of the main indexes used to evaluate the health of a mother and her child. This study evaluated birth intervals in Iran using data from the Iranian Multiple Indicators Demographic and Health Survey (IrMIDHS) conducted in 2010–2011. A total of 20,093 married Iranian women aged 15–54 years from the whole country constituted the study sample. Based on the nature of sampling and the unobserved population heterogeneity for birth intervals in each city and province, a multilevel survival frailty model was applied. Data were analysed for women’s first three birth intervals. The median first and second birth intervals were 30.3 and 39.7 months respectively. Higher education, Caesarean delivery, contraceptive use and exposure to public mass media were found to decrease the hazard rate ratio (HRR) of giving birth. Meanwhile, higher monthly income increased the hazard of giving birth. The results suggest that public mass media can play an effective role in encouraging women to have the recommended birth interval. Furthermore, increasing family income could encourage Iranian couples to decrease the time to their next birth.
ON STOCHASTIC COMPARISONS OF ORDER STATISTICS FROM HETEROGENEOUS EXPONENTIAL SAMPLES
Authors: Yu Yaming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe show that the kth order statistic from a heterogeneous sample of n ≥ k exponential random variables is larger than that from a homogeneous exponential sample in the sense of star ordering, as conjectured by Xu and Balakrishnan [14]. As a consequence, we establish hazard rate ordering for order statistics between heterogeneous and homogeneous exponential samples, resolving an open problem of Pǎltǎnea [11]. Extensions to general spacings are also presented.
Effects of high calcium levels on the disturbed extrusion of the second polar body during in vitro fertilization in C3H/He mouse substrains
Authors: Ohta-Takada Y. , Nagao Y. , Kito S. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryWe previously reported that high concentrations (≥3.42 mM) of calcium during in vitro fertilization (IVF) disturbed the extrusion of the second polar body (PBII) in C3H/He inbred mice. In this study, the substrain specificity of this phenomenon was examined under 1.71–6.84 mM calcium concentration in ova from six C3H/He mouse commercially available substrains in Japan. PBII extrusion in ova from J substrains was not affected by calcium concentrations (<10% at any calcium level), but was grossly disturbed at high calcium levels in the ova of other substrains. This result has practical applications for the efficient production of normal zygotes by IVF, therefore contributing to the reduction in the numbers of donor animals for further zygote or embryo manipulation. Care must be taken in choosing IVF medium for particular strains and substrains.
Cognitive behavioural responses to envy: development of a new measure
Authors: Jordan Cheryl , Vitoratou Silia , Siew Yee , Chalder Trudie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground:Envy is depicted as motivating destructive desires and actions intended to spoil or destroy that which is envied.Aim:To develop a new valid and reliable measure of malicious envy (C-BRES), which included items representing the cognitive, emotional and behavioural responses empirically associated with this emotion.Method:A total of 203 adults completed the new 22-item cognitive and behavioural responses to envy scale (C-BRES). Exploratory factor analysis was carried out to test for reliability and internal consistency of the C-BRES. Evidence towards the concurrent construct validity (convergent and discriminant) of the C-BRES was assessed through correlations with the Dispositional envy scale and other measures of psychosocial outcomes empirically linked to envy.Results:Factor analysis for categorical data identified five dimensions of envy, namely: injustice, hostility, malicious action tendencies, malicious feelings and behavioural responses. The reliability indices of the five factors and the total scale were satisfactory (>0.85). Evidence towards the concurrent construct validity (convergent and discriminant) of the C-BRES is reported. In particular, envy was associated with higher levels of depression, psychoticism, neuroticism, anger and lower levels of self-esteem and quality of life.Conclusion:All findings support the psychometric adequacy of the C-BRES.
The stakeholder-empowering philanthropy of Edward Filene
Authors: Taylor Keith , Goodman Nathan P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCredit unions currently serve over 110 million members in the United States. This is surprising, given the challenges associated with forming cooperatives. This paper explains how grants were used to overcome these challenges and create the modern credit union sector. Edward Filene, a wealthy 20th-century department store owner, provided philanthropic funding and technical expertise to early credit unions, resulting directly in the creation of 26,000 American credit unions over a 45-year period. Filene's leadership helped overcome the various social dilemmas associated with creating cooperatives, reforming institutions, and establishing an institutional framework that enables and supports cooperatives.
Practice theory and change in international law: theorizing the development of legal meaning through the interpretive practices of international criminal courts
Authors: Stappert Nora 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe question of change has emerged as one of the main conceptual and empirical challenges for International Relations' practice turn. In the context of international law, such a challenge is brought into particularly stark relief due to the significant development of legal meaning through more informal, interpretive avenues, including through the judgments of international courts. This paper develops a framework for theorizing how interpretive legal practices generate normative content change in international law. Specifically, it uses the example of the development of international criminal law through the decisions of international criminal courts to analyze how legal interpretation can lead to normative change in practice. Drawing on interviews conducted with judges and legal officers at the International Criminal Court (ICC), the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL), I analyze how a community of legal practice centered around these courts was able to construct and alter legal meaning in international criminal law, and how such a potential for change was curbed by understandings of the interpretive process and the role of international courts dominant among international lawyers.
The Induced Magnetosphere of Mars: Asymmetrical Topology of the Magnetic Field Lines
Authors: Dubinin E. , Modolo R. , Fraenz M. , Päetzold M. , Woch J. , Chai L. , Wei Y. , Connerney J. E. P. , Mcfadden J. , DiBraccio G. , Espley J. , Grigorenko E. , Zelenyi L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn asymmetrical pileup of the interplanetary magnetic field leads to an additional draping of the field lines in the opposite direction to the motional electric field. Such a draping and the associated magnetic field forces push the ionosphere plasma in the transverse direction opening a passage for an ion trail which contains dense and slowly moving plasma. We found that wrapping of the field lines around Mars starts in the hemisphere pointing in the direction of the motional electric field and propagates to the opposite hemisphere where the cross‐flow component of the draped interplanetary magnetic field changes sign in a broad area accompanied by the formation of loops of closed field lines. Reconnection near Mars accompanied by the generation of plasma vortices imposes serious constraints on the ion dynamics and their escape through the tail. The existence of all these features is confirmed by hybrid simulations.
Quantifying Stratospheric Temperature Signals and Climate Imprints From Post‐2000 Volcanic Eruptions
Authors: Stocker Matthias , Ladstädter Florian , Wilhelmsen Hallgeir , Steiner Andrea K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSmall volcanic eruptions and their effects have recently come into research focus. While large eruptions are known to strongly affect stratospheric temperature, the impacts of smaller eruptions are hard to quantify because their signals are masked by natural variability. Here, we quantify the temperature signals from small volcanic eruptions between 2002 and 2016 using new vertically resolved aerosol data and precise temperature observations from radio occultation. We find characteristic space‐time signals that can be associated with specific eruptions. In the lower stratosphere, robust warming signals are observed, while in the midstratosphere also cooling signals of some eruptions appear. We find that the volcanic contribution to the temperature trend is up to 20%, depending on latitude and altitude. We conclude that detailed knowledge of the vertical structure of volcanic temperature impacts is crucial for comprehensive trend analysis in order to separate natural from anthropogenic temperature changes.
Roughness Control on Multiphase Flow in Rock Fractures
Authors: Hu Ran , Zhou Chen‐Xing , Wu Dong‐Sheng , Yang Zhibing , Chen Yi‐Feng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe roughness of rock fractures induces irregular flow passages and significantly affects the displacement front. Previous studies focus on displacement instabilities in porous media, but how roughness controls displacement patterns in rock fractures remains unclear. Here, we derive a theoretical model that describes the two transitions of drainage displacement patterns from capillary fingering to the crossover to viscous fingering as functions of roughness. The phase diagram predicted by this model exhibits excellent agreement with our experimental results, showing that increasing roughness index λb destabilizes displacement fronts. We further find that in capillary fingering regime the percentage of dissipated energy to the total external work increases from 39% to 61% as λb increases from 0.082 to 0.245. Our work elucidates the mechanism of roughness control on multiphase flow in fractures and provides a basis for developing a rigorous upscaling methodology that relates Darcy‐scale flow behavior to the local fluid displacements via energy dissipation.
A Decade of Water Storage Changes Across the Contiguous United States From GPS and Satellite Gravity
Authors: Adusumilli S. , Borsa A. A. , Fish M. A. , McMillan H. K. , Silverii F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIncreased climate variability is driving changes in water storage across the contiguous United States (CONUS). Observational estimates of these storage changes are important for validation of hydrological models and predicting future water availability. We estimate CONUS terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA) from 2007–2017 using Global Positioning System (GPS) displacements, constrained by lower‐resolution TWSA observations from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite gravity—a combination that provides higher spatiotemporal resolution than previous estimates. The relative contribution of seasonal, interannual, and subseasonal TWSA varies widely across CONUS watersheds, with implications for regional water security. Separately, we find positive correlation between TWSA and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation in the southeastern Texas‐Gulf and South Atlantic‐Gulf watersheds and an unexpected negative correlation in the southwest. In the western United States, atmospheric rivers (ARs) drive a large fraction of subseasonal TWSA, with the top 5% of ARs contributing 73% of total AR‐related TWSA increases.
Multivoxel pattern analysis reveals dissociations between subjective fear and its physiological correlates
Authors: Taschereau-Dumouchel Vincent , Kawato Mitsuo , Lau Hakwan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn studies of anxiety and other affective disorders, objectively measured physiological responses have commonly been used as a proxy for measuring subjective experiences associated with pathology. However, this commonly adopted “biosignal” approach has recently been called into question on the grounds that subjective experiences and objective physiological responses may dissociate. We performed machine-learning-based analyses on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to assess this issue in the case of fear. Although subjective fear and objective physiological responses were correlated in general, the respective whole-brain multivoxel decoders for the two measures were different. Some key brain regions such as the amygdala and insula appear to be primarily involved in the prediction of physiological reactivity, whereas some regions previously associated with metacognition and conscious perception, including some areas in the prefrontal cortex, appear to be primarily predictive of the subjective experience of fear. The present findings are in support of the recent call for caution in assuming a one-to-one mapping between subjective sufferings and their putative biosignals, despite the clear advantages in the latter’s being objectively and continuously measurable in physiological terms.
Abnormally localized DLK1 interacts with NCOR1 in non-small cell lung cancer cell nuclear
Authors: Tan Jinjing , Zhang Susu , Li Lin , Mu Jing , Wang Ziyu , Zhang Lina , Jiang Mei , Li Weiying , Yang Xin , Liu Yu , Gao Yanning 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Delta-like homolog 1 (DLK1) regulates noncanonical Notch signaling pathway as ligand. DLK1 was abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors, affecting tumorigenesis and developments. The biological function of DLK1 toward cell proliferation and signaling activation was controversial across different cell types. Two currently known isoforms of DLK1, which are membrane-tethered isoform and soluble isoform, are believed to be the key of DLK1 dual behaviors. While these isoforms are not enough to explain the phenomena, our observations offer the possibility of a third isoform of DLK1. In the present study, we verified the nuclear localization of DLK1 in lung cancer cells. The nuclear localized DLK1 was observed in 107 of 351 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples and was associated with tissue differentiation and tumor size. Through co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) combined mass spectrometry (MS), we identified nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) as DLK1’s novel interaction protein and confirmed their interaction in nuclear. We analyzed the expression of NCOR1 in two independent cohorts and demonstrated that NCOR1 is a tumor suppressor and has prognosis potential in lung squamous carcinomas. At last, we analyzed the colocalization of DLK1 and NCOR1 in 147 NSCLC samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The result indicated NCOR1 might participate with nuclear localized DLK1 in regulating cell differentiation.
Design and synthesis of bactericidal block copolymer for preparing durably antibacterial PA6 fibre
Authors: Yin Shanshan , Zhang Xin , Meng Yang , Su Juanjuan , Han Jian 
Published: October 2019

Polymer fibres are widely used in various materials in contact with the human body. As bacterial contamination may lead to the emergence of disease, it is necessary to provide fibres with durably antibacterial properties. In this work, based on 4‐vinyl pyridine, fluorine‐containing monomers and acrylic acid monomers, new quaternary ammonium salt polymer containing fluorine (NP) were prepared by solution polymerisation, and then the antibacterial composite fibre was prepared by melt spinning of the NP (9 wt%) and Nylon 6 fibre (PA6). The structure and properties of NP and composite fibres were characterised, respectively. The results indicated that the water contact angle of NP reached 104°, the pyrolysis temperature was 302°C, and the interface interaction between NP and PA6 was good, which could achieve more uniform dispersion in Nylon 6 matrix. In addition, the composite fibre decreased obviously the number of colony‐forming units within 24 h (the bactericidal rate was 99.99% against E. coli and 99.81% against S. aureus) compared with pure PA6 fibre. The composite fibre was a good durably antibacterial material, which could still inactivate over 96% inoculated E. coli and S. aureus after washing 7 days.
Multiple retrograde substructures in the Galactic halo: A shattered view of Galactic history
Authors: Koppelman Helmer H. , Helmi Amina , Massari Davide , Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Starkenburg Tjitske K. 
Published: October 2019

Aims. Several kinematic and chemical substructures have been recently found amongst Milky Way halo stars with retrograde motions. It is currently unclear how these various structures are related to each other. This Letter aims to shed light on this issue.
Methods. We explore the retrograde halo with an augmented version of the Gaia DR2 RVS sample, extended with data from three large spectroscopic surveys, namely RAVE, APOGEE, and LAMOST. In this dataset, we identify several structures using the HDBSCAN clustering algorithm. We discuss their properties and possible links using all the available chemical and dynamical information.
Results. In concordance with previous work, we find that stars with [Fe/H] < −1 have more retrograde motions than those with [Fe/H] > −1. The retrograde halo contains a mixture of debris from objects like Gaia-Enceladus, Sequoia, and even the chemically defined thick disc. We find that the Sequoia has a smaller range in orbital energies than previously suggested and is confined to high energy. Sequoia could be a small galaxy in itself, but since it overlaps both in integrals-of-motion space and chemical abundance space with the less bound debris of Gaia-Enceladus, its nature cannot yet be fully settled. In the low-energy part of the halo, we find evidence for at least one more distinct structure: Thamnos. Stars in Thamnos are on low-inclination, mildly eccentric retrograde orbits, moving at vϕ ≈ −150 km s−1, and are chemically distinct from the other structures.
Conclusions. Even with the excellent Gaia DR2 data, piecing together all the fragments found in the retrograde halo remains challenging. At this point, we are very much in need of large datasets with high-quality high-resolution spectra and tailored high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy mergers.
Konservative Behandlung von Wirbelfrakturen in BWS und LWS – was geht wie?
Authors: Yildiz Ulas , Schleicher Philipp , Castein Jens , Kandziora Frank 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Therapieziel bei thorakalen oder lumbalen Wirbelkörperfrakturen besteht in der Erhaltung bzw. der Wiederherstellung des Alignments und der Stabilität der Wirbelsäule. Eine zufriedenstellende Schmerzreduktion, Mobilität und Alltagskompetenz sind Schwerpunkte in der operativen und konservativen Behandlung. Dieser Artikel soll einen Überblick über die konservativen Therapiemaßnahmen für „knochengesunde“ und osteoporotische Wirbelkörperfrakturen verschaffen.
Effects of Eye Movement with PNF Neck Movement on Trunk Stability and
Standing Position Balance Ability of Chronic Stroke Patients
Authors: Kim Dong Hoon , Kim Kyung-Hun , Lee Suk-Min 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective We investigated the effects of eye movement with PNF neck
movement on trunk stability and standing position balance ability of chronic
stroke patients.
Methods A total of 30 patients were randomly divided into EMPN group
and CON group. EMPN group was performed 60 min three times a week for 8
weeks in eye movement and PNF neck movement. CON group performed
conservative treatment for 60min. The trunk stability was measured by the
Trunk impairment scale (TIS) and the standing balance ability test was
performed by Center of Pressure (COP), Limited of Stability (LOS), Berg
Balance Scale (BBS) and Functional Reach Test (FRT).
Results There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between
before and after training in both groups, and EMPN group showed significant
improvement in both groups.
Conclusions In this study, we confirmed oculogyration and neck
movement by PNF have positive effects on the trunk stability and the
standing position balance ability of chronic stroke patients.
Effects of Sargaquinoic Acid in Sargassum Serratifolium on Inducing Brown Adipocyte-like Phenotype in Mouse Adipocytes In Vitro
Authors: Kwon Misung , Lee Bonggi , Lim Sujin , Kim Hyeung-Rak 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA previous study showed that the meroterpenoid-rich fraction of an ethanolic extract of Sargassum serratifolium (MES) stimulated adipose tissue browning and inhibited diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome. Sargaquinoic acid (SQA) is a major component in MES. We investigated the effects of SQA on the differentiation of preadipocytes to the beige adipocytes. SQA was treated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiated under a special condition that has been reported to induce the browning of adipocytes. SQA at 10 µM reduced lipid accumulation by approximately 23%. SQA at 2.5 – 10 µM induced the differentiation of white adipocytes to beige adipocytes partially by increasing the mitochondrial density and the expression of beige/brown adipocyte markers. In addition, SQA activated lipid catabolic pathways, evidenced by the increased expression levels of perilipin, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1. As a partial mechanism, biochemical and in silico analyses indicate that SQA activated AMP-activated protein kinase signaling in adipocytes.
Is TEE a Game Changer in Aortic Prosthetic Paravalvular Leak?
Authors: Das Devishree , Sehgal Lakshya , karanjkar Ameya , Sharan Sandeep , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractValve prosthesis have played an important role in the management of patients with valvular heart disease. However, the prosthetic heart valves used are not without complications. Almost all prosthetic heart valves are obstructive compared with native valves and associated with physiological washing jets. Because of shielding and artifacts it is very difficult to assess the prosthetic valve with TTE. Multiple thrombi and aortomitral continuity detection is cumbersome by TTE. Multiple angulations and off axis view in TEE help not only to characterize the prosthetic heart valve but also gives a three-dimensional surgical view to aid in reaching a diagnosis.