bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral artery disease and clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: A report from the FANTASIIA registry
Authors: Bertomeu‐Gonzalez Vicente , Moreno‐Arribas José , Esteve‐Pastor María Asunción , Roldán‐Rabadán Inmaculada , Muñiz Javier , Otero García Déborah , Ruiz‐Ortiz Martín , Cequier Ángel , Bertomeu‐Martínez Vicente , Badimón Lina , Anguita Manuel , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Marín Francisco ,   FANTASIIA Study Investigators
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) are common conditions that increase cardiovascular risk. We determined the association between PAD and prognosis in a cohort of real‐world patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy for nonvalvular AF.MethodsWe prospectively included 1956 patients (mean age 73.8 ± 9.5 years, 44.0% women) receiving oral anticoagulant therapy for AF. Clinical characteristics were collected at baseline. Patients were followed for a period of 3 years. Survival analysis and multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess variables related to death, stroke, bleeding, myocardial infarction and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).ResultsPatients with PAD (n = 118; 6%) exhibited higher rates of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases. After 3 years of follow‐up, there were a total of 255 deaths (no PAD 233, vs PAD 22), 45 strokes (43 vs 2), 146 major bleedings (136 vs 10) and 168 MACE (148 vs 20). On univariate analysis, there was a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (2.02%/year no PAD vs 4.08%/year PAD, P = .02), myocardial infarction (0.99%/year no PAD vs 2.43%/year PAD, P = .02) and MACE (3.18%/year no PAD vs 6.99%/year PAD, P < .01). There was no statistically significant association with these events after multivariable adjustment.ConclusionsIn a large cohort of anticoagulated patients with AF, the presence of PAD represents a higher risk subgroup and is associated with worse crude outcomes. The exact contribution of the PAD independently of other cardiovascular diseases or risk factors requires further investigation.
Larviposition site selection mediated by volatile semiochemicals in Glossina palpalis gambiensis
Authors: Geoffrey Gimonneau , Ouedraogo Romaric , Ernest Salou , Jean‐Baptiste Rayaisse , Buatois Bruno , Solano Philippe , Dormont Laurent , Roux Olivier , Bouyer Jérémy 
Published: October 2020

1. Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are K‐strategist species and deposit a single larva at 10‐day intervals in specific sites. As larviposition site selection strongly impacts reproductive success, the selection of larviposition sites is unlikely to be random and will be subject to strong selective processes, probably mediated by specific cues.2. This study was designed to assess the existence of an aggregation effect in the palpalis group and to test its potential chemical nature (contact or volatile compounds). The larviposition site selection of Glossina palpalis gambiensis was studied according to the presence of conspecific and heterospecific larvae (morsitans group) buried in substrates. Three sets of experiments were performed with either individual or grouped gravid females and with or without physical access to the substrate.3. In individual larviposition experiments, females were more likely to select trays with buried larvae than unconditioned sand (63.2% and 36.8%, respectively; P < 0.05). In the grouped experiment with substrate contact, females were more likely to larviposit in trays with conspecific (40%) or heterospecific (33%) buried larvae than in unconditioned sand (22%) or empty trays (5%; P < 0.05). The results were similar without substrate contact, but more pupae were deposited in empty trays (19%).4. These results provide the first evidence for larval aggregation in G. p. gambiensis and suggest that larviposition site selection is mediated by volatile semiochemicals of larval or pupal origin. However, this larval aggregation does not seem to be species specific and therefore offers new options for the behavioural manipulation of these vectors.
Independent women: investing in British railways, 1870–1922†
Authors: Acheson Graeme G. , Campbell Gareth , Gallagher Áine , Turner John D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe early twentieth century saw the British capital market reach a state of maturity before any of its global counterparts. This coincided with more women participating directly in the stock market. This study analyses whether these female shareholders chose to invest independently of men. Using a novel dataset of almost 500,000 shareholders in some of the largest British railways, it shows that women were much more likely to be solo shareholders than men. There is also evidence that they prioritized their independence above other considerations such as where they invested or how diversified they could be.
SUDEP classification: Discordances between forensic investigators and epileptologists
Authors: Verducci Chloe , Friedman Daniel , Donner Elizabeth J. , Laze Juliana , Devinsky Orrin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe compared sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) diagnosis rates between North American SUDEP Registry (NASR) epileptologists and original death investigators, to determine degree and causes of discordance. In 220 SUDEP cases with post‐mortem examination, we recorded the epileptologist adjudications and medical examiner‐ and coroner‐ (ME/C) listed causes of death (CODs). COD diagnosis concordance decreased with NASR’s uncertainty in the SUDEP diagnosis: highest for Definite SUDEP (84%, n = 158), lower in Definite Plus (50%, n = 36), and lowest in Possible (0%, n = 18). Rates of psychiatric comorbidity, substance abuse, and toxicology findings for drugs of abuse were all higher in discordant cases than concordant cases. Possible SUDEP cases, an understudied group, were significantly older, and had higher rates of cardiac, drug, or toxicology findings than more certain SUDEP cases. With a potentially contributing or competing COD, ME/Cs favored non–epilepsy‐related diagnoses, suggesting a bias toward listing CODs with structural or toxicological findings; SUDEP has no pathognomonic features. A history of epilepsy should always be listed on death certificates and autopsy reports. Even without an alternate COD, ME/Cs infrequently classified COD as “SUDEP.” Improved collaboration and communication between epilepsy and ME/C communities improve diagnostic accuracy, as well as bereavement and research opportunities.
Cenobamate (XCOPRI): Can preclinical and clinical evidence provide insight into its mechanism of action?
Authors: Guignet Michelle , Campbell Amanda , White H. Steve 
Published: October 2020

AbstractApproximately one‐third of people living with epilepsy are unable to obtain seizure control with the currently marketed antiseizure medications (ASMs), creating a need for novel therapeutics with new mechanisms of action. Cenobamate (CBM) is a tetrazole alkyl carbamate derivative that received US Food and Drug Administration approval in 2019 for the treatment of adult partial onset (focal) seizures. Although CBM displayed impressive seizure reduction in clinical trials across all seizure types, including focal aware motor, focal impaired awareness, and focal to bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures, the precise mechanism(s) through which CBM exerts its broad‐spectrum antiseizure effects is not known. Experimental evidence suggests that CBM differentiates itself from other ASMs in that it appears to possess dual modes of action (MOAs); that is, it predominately blocks persistent sodium currents and increases both phasic and tonic γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibition. In this review, we analyze the preclinical efficacy of CBM alongside ASMs with similar MOAs to better understand the mechanism(s) through which CBM achieves such broad‐spectrum seizure protection. CBM’s preclinical performance in tests, including the mouse 6‐Hz model of treatment‐resistant seizures, the chemoconvulsant seizure models of generalized epilepsy, and the rat hippocampal kindling model of focal epilepsy, was distinct from other voltage‐gated sodium channel blockers and GABAAmodulators. This distinction, in light of its proposed mechanism(s) of action, provides insight into the impressive clinical efficacy of CBM in the adult patient with focal onset epilepsy. The results of this comparative reverse translational analysis suggest that CBM is a mechanistically distinct ASM that offers an important advancement in drug development for treatment of therapy‐resistant epilepsy.
Strong impacts of signal crayfish invasion on upland stream fish and invertebrate communities
Authors: Galib Shams M. , Findlay John S. , Lucas Martyn C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Impacts of invasive signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus on native species and ecosystems are widely recognised, but mostly through small‐scale studies and laboratory experiments that may not always reflect impacts in nature. Recorded effects of signal crayfish on fish populations are equivocal. In this study, using the before–after/control–impact and control–impact approaches, the effects of signal crayfish invasion on native fishes, particularly benthic fishes and young‐of‐year (YoY) salmonids, and macroinvertebrate communities, were determined on several spatial and temporal scales through three correlated study elements (S1–S3), in upland streams of the River Tees, England.

In S1, we sampled fish and benthic macroinvertebrates of 18 streams identically in 2011 and 2018. These streams were categorised into two groups: (1) uninvaded (without signal crayfish in both sampling years; n = 7); and (2) invaded (with signal crayfish) streams, comprising pre‐invaded (invaded before 2011; n = 8) and newly invaded (invaded between 2011 and 2018, n = 3). Despite similar habitat conditions in both years (all variables p > 0.05) fish and macroinvertebrate communities changed over time in pre‐invaded streams and by comparison to uninvaded streams. A decline in the abundance of benthic fish and YoY salmonids was observed in pre‐invaded and newly invaded streams. Complete disappearance of bullhead Cottus perifretum following signal crayfish invasion was recorded in two pre‐invaded streams.

In the second study, S2, we assessed within‐stream differences in fishes and macroinvertebrates in two Tees streams by comparing sections with (invaded) and without (uninvaded) signal crayfish. Compared to uninvaded sections, taxonomic richness and abundance of fish and macroinvertebrates were significantly lower in invaded sections, and the overall communities also differed significantly.

In S3, long‐term data series (since 1990) of water quality and macroinvertebrates of six Tees streams comprising those invaded by signal crayfish (n = 3) and uninvaded (n = 3) were analysed. Water quality showed little change, or an improvement, over time but significant changes in the macroinvertebrate taxonomic richness and community structure occurred following signal crayfish invasion. Long‐term changes in macroinvertebrate communities in invaded streams tended to be due to declines in more sedentary taxa such as molluscs and cased trichopterans.

Widespread and long‐term ecological disruption is occurring because of signal crayfish invasion in upland streams of the Tees catchment that may lead to a complete disappearance of some benthic fish species, as well as reduced densities of YoY salmonids and a shift towards less diverse macroinvertebrate communities, dominated by more mobile, crayfish‐resistant taxa.
Temperature dependence of metabolic rate in tropical and temperate aquatic insects: Support for the Climate Variability Hypothesis in mayflies but not stoneflies
Authors: Shah Alisha A. , Woods H. Arthur , Havird Justin C. , Encalada Andrea C. , Flecker Alexander S. , Funk W. Chris , Guayasamin Juan M. , Kondratieff Boris C. , Poff N. LeRoy , Thomas Steven A. , Zamudio Kelly R. , Ghalambor Cameron K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA fundamental gap in climate change vulnerability research is an understanding of the relative thermal sensitivity of ectotherms. Aquatic insects are vital to stream ecosystem function and biodiversity but insufficiently studied with respect to their thermal physiology. With global temperatures rising at an unprecedented rate, it is imperative that we know how aquatic insects respond to increasing temperature and whether these responses vary among taxa, latitudes, and elevations. We evaluated the thermal sensitivity of standard metabolic rate in stream‐dwelling baetid mayflies and perlid stoneflies across a ~2,000 m elevation gradient in the temperate Rocky Mountains in Colorado, USA, and the tropical Andes in Napo, Ecuador. We used temperature‐controlled water baths and microrespirometry to estimate changes in oxygen consumption. Tropical mayflies generally exhibited greater thermal sensitivity in metabolism compared to temperate mayflies; tropical mayfly metabolic rates increased more rapidly with temperature and the insects more frequently exhibited behavioral signs of thermal stress. By contrast, temperate and tropical stoneflies did not clearly differ. Varied responses to temperature among baetid mayflies and perlid stoneflies may reflect differences in evolutionary history or ecological roles as herbivores and predators, respectively. Our results show that there is physiological variation across elevations and species and that low‐elevation tropical mayflies may be especially imperiled by climate warming. Given such variation among species, broad generalizations about the vulnerability of tropical ectotherms should be made more cautiously.
Sulfur depletion induces autophagy through Ecl1 family genes in fission yeast
Authors: Shimasaki Takafumi , Okamoto Keisuke , Ohtsuka Hokuto , Aiba Hirofumi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAutophagy is an intracellular degradation system widely conserved among various species. Autophagy is induced by the depletion of various nutrients, and this degradation mechanism is essential for adaptation to such conditions. In this study, we demonstrated that sulfur depletion induces autophagy in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Based on the finding that autophagy induced by sulfur depletion was completely abolished in a mutant in which the ecl1, ecl2 and ecl3 genes were deleted (Δecls), we report that these three genes are essential for the induction of autophagy by sulfur depletion. Furthermore, autophagy‐defective mutant cells exhibited poor growth and short lifespan (compared with wild‐type cells) under the sulfur‐depleted condition. These results indicated that the mechanism of autophagy is necessary for the appropriate adaptation to sulfur depletion.
Post‐discharge medicines management: the experiences, perceptions and roles of older people and their family carers
Authors: Tomlinson Justine , Silcock Jonathan , Smith Heather , Karban Kate , Fylan Beth 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMultiple changes are made to older patients’ medicines during hospital admission, which can sometimes cause confusion and anxiety. This results in problems with post‐discharge medicines management, for example medicines taken incorrectly, which can lead to harm, hospital readmission and reduced quality of life.AimTo explore the experiences of older patients and their family carers as they enacted post‐discharge medicines management.DesignSemi‐structured interviews took place in participants’ homes, approximately two weeks after hospital discharge. Data analysis used the Framework method.Setting and participantsRecruitment took place during admission to one of two large teaching hospitals in North England. Twenty‐seven participants aged 75 plus who lived with long‐term conditions and polypharmacy, and nine family carers, were interviewed.FindingsThree core themes emerged: impact of the transition, safety strategies and medicines management role. Conversations between participants and health‐care professionals about medicines changes often lacked detail, which disrupted some participants’ knowledge and medicines management capabilities. Participants used multiple strategies to support post‐discharge medicines management, such as creating administration checklists, seeking advice or supporting primary care through prompts to ensure medicines were supplied on time. The level to which they engaged with these activities varied.Discussion and conclusionParticipants experienced gaps in their post‐discharge medicines management, which they had to bridge through implementing their own strategies or by enlisting support from others. Areas for improvement were identified, mainly through better communication about medicines changes and wider involvement of patients and family carers in their medicines‐related care during the hospital‐to‐home transition.
‘He is a New Man, a Proper Family Man’: The Impact of a Specialist ‘Family Wing’ on the Quality of Family Relationships and Paternal Identity among Imprisoned Fathers
Authors: CLANCY ANNA , MAGUIRE MIKE 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe article examines the operation and impact of a specialist wing in a male prison, which aims to repair and enhance family relationships. It outlines the damaging effects of parental imprisonment on children and on paternal identity, and explores whether, and how, residence on the wing and prisoners’ joint participation with children and families in extended visits and family‐focused activities and interventions, mitigate such damage. The findings are overwhelmingly positive, demonstrating improvements in well‐being among children and family members, enhanced family relationships, and a stronger sense of paternal identity among prisoners. It is argued that these activities set in motion processes akin to those postulated by Burke (1991) as necessary for maintenance and renewal of identity: namely, the ‘verification’ of ‘identity standards’ through ‘reflective appraisal’ by key referent groups (here, families and children). There is also evidence that positive changes in prisoners quite frequently persist after release.
Cytokine‐regulated Th17 plasticity in human health and diseases
Authors: Cerboni Silvia , Gehrmann Ulf , Preite Silvia , Mitra Suman 
Published: October 2020

SummaryUpon activation, naïve CD4+T helper (Th) cells differentiate into distinct Th effector cell lineages depending on the local cytokine environment. However, these polarized Th cells can also adapt their function and phenotype depending on the changing cytokine environment, demonstrating functional plasticity. Here, Th17 cells, which play a critical role in host protection from extracellular pathogens and in autoimmune disorders, are of particular interest. While being able to shift phenotype within their lineage, Th17 cells can also acquire characteristics of Th1, Th2, T follicular helper (Tfh) or regulatory T cells. Th17 cell identity is determined by a spectrum of extracellular signals, including cytokines, which are critical orchestrators of cellular immune responses. Cytokine induces changes in epigenetic, transcriptional, translational and metabolomic parameters. How these signals are integrated to determine Th17 plasticity is not well defined, yet this is a crucial point of investigation as it represents a potential target to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The goal of this review was to discuss how cytokines regulate intracellular networks, focusing on the regulation of lineage‐specific transcription factors, chromatin remodelling and metabolism, to control human Th17 cell plasticity. We discuss the importance of Th17 plasticity in autoimmunity and cancer and present current strategies and challenges in targeting pathogenic Th17 cells with cytokine‐based approaches, considering human genetic variants associated with altered Th17 differentiation. Finally, we discuss how modulating Th17 plasticity rather than targeting the Th17 lineage as a whole might preserve its essential immune function while purging its adverse effects.
Risk factors and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes for women with dichorionic twin pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hung Tai‐Ho , Hsieh T’sang‐T’ang , Shaw Steven W , Kok Seong Chan , Chen Szu‐Fu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies remains unclear. This study was undertaken to highlight risk factors for GDM in women with dichorionic (DC) twins, and to determine the association between GDM DC twins and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in a large homogeneous Taiwanese population.Materials and MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study was carried out on 645 women with DC twins, excluding pregnancies complicated by one or both fetuses with demise (n = 22) or congenital anomalies (n = 9), who gave birth after 28 complete gestational weeks between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2018. Univariable and multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out.ResultsMaternal age >34 years (adjusted odds ratio 2.52; 95% confidence interval 1.25–5.07) and pre‐pregnancy body mass index >24.9 kg/m2 (adjusted odds ratio 2.83, 95% confidence interval 1.47–5.46) were independent risk factors for GDM in women with DC twins. Newborns from women with GDM DC twins were more likely to be admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (adjusted odds ratio 1.70, 95% confidence interval 1.06–2.72) than newborns from women with non‐GDM DC twins. Other pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were similar between the two groups.ConclusionsAdvanced maternal age and pre‐pregnancy overweight or obesity are risk factors for GDM in women with DC twins. Except for a nearly twofold increased risk of neonatal intensive care unit admission of newborns, the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes for women with GDM DC twins are similar to those for women with non‐GDM DC twins.
Symbiosis opportunities between food and energy system: The potential of manure‐based biogas as heating source for greenhouse production
Authors: Burg Vanessa , Golzar Farzin , Bowman Gillianne , Hellweg Stefanie , Roshandel Ramin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe concept of symbiosis, a mutually beneficial relationship, can be applied to food and energy systems. Greenhouse systems and biogas plants are interesting technologies for food–energy symbiosis, because both are usually based in rural areas and offer opportunities for the exchange of materials (e.g., biomass waste from the greenhouse as input to biogas plants) and energy (heat from biogas co‐generation for heating greenhouses). In this paper, the focus lies on manure resources for biogas in Switzerland, because manure amounts are high and currently largely underused. We provide a spatial analysis of the availability of manure as feedstock to biogas plants and heat source for greenhouses. In this feasibility study, we coupled the potential waste heat supply from manure‐based biogas and the greenhouse peak heat demand. We quantified the area‐based greenhouse heating demand for year‐around tomato production (from 0.98 to 2.67 MW ha−1 where the farms are located) and the available heat supply from manure‐based biogas (up to 3,200 GJ a−1 km−2). A total maximum greenhouse area of 104 ha could be sustained with manure‐based biogas heat, producing 20,800 tonnes a−1 tomatoes. This amounts to 11% of the total domestic tomato demand. Although the results are specific to Switzerland, our method can be adapted and also applied to other regions.