bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employer branding through crowdsourcing: understanding the sentiments of employees
Authors: Kashive Neerja , Khanna Vandana Tandon , Bharthi Manish Naresh 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of social media in creating an attractive employer brand for any organization. It investigates one of the social media Glassdoor, which is an online employer branding platform, where employees put their reviews which are both positive and negative. Analysis of these reviews can generate a lot of insights into employer branding.

Design/methodology/approach
The data was collected as 1,243 reviews from Glassdoor, an online crowdsourced employer branding platform for 40 top-rated employers across four different sectors, namely, Pharma, IT, retail and FMCG. Text and sentimental analyses were done using SAS visual analytical for these reviews.

Findings
Ten themes were generated from the text analytics which is nothing but the employer value propositions (EVPs), and they were social, interest, development and economic value as given by Berthon et al. (2005) and also others, such as work–life, management and brand value emerged. Social value came as a significant EVP followed by interest value and work–life values.

Research limitations/implications
This research is providing only ways to show that crowdsourced data can also be used to understand the mindset of employees regarding an employer’s image but is not providing any idea regarding how to generate the right employee value proposition.

Originality/value
The research has shown that employers can use crowdsourced employer branding insights to see where they stand in the employer's attractiveness spectrum. They can use innovative data analytics techniques, such as visualization for text and sentimental analysis to create employer branding intelligence strategies.
Processing and utilization of snail meat in alleviating protein malnutrition in Africa: a review
Authors: Adeyeye Samuel Ayofemi Olalekan , Bolaji Olusola Timothy , Abegunde Titilope Adebusola , Adesina Taofeek Olawale 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThis study aims to review processing and utilization of snail meat in alleviating protein malnutrition in Africa. Most countries in Africa are faced with a major challenge of protein malnutrition as a result of high cost of animal proteins. This has encouraged more research works in the use of wild or game meat to meet the much-needed animal proteins.Design/methodology/approachPrevious literatures on the above subject matter were reviewed. In many African countries, the use of snails, rodents and other small livestock in the wild could help in improving the nutritional needs of the people in both urban and rural areas, as well as adding economic value through income generation to the local people.FindingsSnails are very rich in dietary protein, low in fat and cholesterol and are good sources of iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. Previous studies showed that snail meat contains 70 per cent of water and its dry matter contains high amounts of essential amino acids such as lysine, leucine, arginine and tryptophan. Research studies have shown that snail contains calcium orthophosphate, a chemical substrate that could alleviate and reduce kidney diseases. Also, the glandular substances found in edible snails were found to have antimicrobial activities that cause agglutination of certain bacteria, which could be used against some ailments like whooping cough. As snail meat products have high nutritional value, spoilage sets in after one or two days after harvesting, and therefore, the preservation of snail meat has become a major concern to farmers, processors and consumers. Several preservation techniques could be adopted, which include smoking, sun drying, convectional drying and the use of natural or artificial preservatives. These methods have been found to reduce microbial load of snail meat and help to extend shelf life and keeping quality of snail meat.Originality/valueThis review X-rayed the importance of snail meat in the human diet and how this could be explored to enhance protein nutrition in developing countries.
Stratified users and technologies of empowerment: theorising social inequalities in the use and perception of diabetes self‐management technologies
Authors: Øversveen Emil 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMedical technologies of various kinds play an increasingly important role in medical treatment, but may also increase health inequalities if they are primarily used by high‐status patients. While many have problematised inequalities in the material access to medical technologies, differences in use and perception are also salient for explaining the relationship between medical technologies and health inequalities. This article attempts to theorise these inequalities by bringing health inequality research into dialogue with social constructivist perspectives on user‐technology relations. Based on qualitative interview data from a case study of the technological self‐management of type 1 diabetes, I construct three clusters of technological practices and perceptions corresponding to three broad user types. These user types are then discussed in the context of patient empowerment and the promotion of the active, autonomous and self‐reflective ‘expert’ patient in European health care systems. To the extent that they materialise and enforce institutional expectations which only the most resourceful patients will be able to live up to, medical technologies may serve to entrench and legitimate social inequalities in health and medical care. Research therefore needs not only to consider how medical technologies are distributed, but also their design and appropriation by users.
Distribution of the Minutiae in Hypothenar Palm Prints in Slovak Adults: Indications for Personal Identification
Authors: Kondeková Mária , Beňuš Radoslav , Masnicová Soňa , Švábová Petra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMinutiae are small distinguishing features found along every ridge flow, which make each friction ridge print unique. The most common friction ridge prints found at the crime scene are fingerprints; therefore, the most of the minutiae studies are focused exactly on this kind of prints. The authors believe that further examination and enlargement of the palm print database could result in better use of the palm prints for personal identification. We analyzed a total of 160 palm prints from 40 females and 40 males aged between 18 and 70 years from Slovakia. For the evaluation of the minutiae, the area of the hypothenar had to be marked out. The classification of the minutiae used for this study was based on a modified version of the classification system using the total of 13 types of minutiae. The frequency of every minutiae type was calculated and, using the chi‐square test with Yates's correction, bilateral and sex differences were assessed. The relationship between the different types of minutiae was examined with Pearson's correlation test. During the initial phases of the identification process, the focus should be on the least common types of minutiae (Y or M and return), which were found not to correlate; thus, their mutual occurrence is random (e.g., overlap—Y or M, crossbar—return, or Y or M—dock). The results of the present study show which specific minutiae types are the most suitable for personal identification. These findings may be beneficial in more effective outcome of the identification process.
Effect of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 on kidney and haemostatic function in cardiac surgical patients: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Duncan A. E. , Jia Y. , Soltesz E. , Leung S. , Yilmaz H.O. , Mao G. , Timur A. A. , Kottke‐Marchant K. , Rogers H. J. , Ma C. , Ince I. , Karimi N. , Yagar S. , Trombetta C. , Sessler D. I. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryWhether third‐generation hydroxyethyl starch solutions provoke kidney injury or haemostatic abnormalities in patients having cardiac surgery remains unclear. We tested the hypotheses that intra‐operative administration of a third‐generation starch does not worsen postoperative kidney function or haemostasis in cardiac surgical patients compared with human albumin 5%. This triple‐blind, non‐inferiority, clinical trial randomly allocated patients aged 40–85 who underwent elective aortic valve replacement, with or without coronary artery bypass grafting, to plasma volume replacement with 6% starch 130/0.4 vs. 5% human albumin. Our primary outcome was postoperative urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin concentrations, a sensitive and early marker of postoperative kidney injury. Secondarily, we evaluated urinary interleukin‐18; acute kidney injury using creatinine RIFLE criteria, coagulation measures, platelet count and function. Non‐inferiority (delta 15%) was assessed with correction for multiple comparisons. We enrolled 141 patients (69 starch, 72 albumin) as planned. Results of the primary analysis demonstrated that postoperative urine neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (median (IQR [range])) was slightly lower with hydroxyethyl starch (5 (1–68 [0–996]) ng.ml−1) vs. albumin (5 (2–74 [0–1604]) ng.ml−1), although not non‐inferior [ratio of geometric means (95%CI) 0.91 (0.57, 1.44); p = 0.15] due to higher than expected variability. Urine interleukin‐18 concentrations were reduced, but interleukin‐18 and kidney injury were again not non‐inferior. Of 11 individual coagulation measures, platelet count and function, nine were non‐inferior to albumin. Two remaining measures, thromboelastographic R value and arachidonic acid‐induced platelet aggregation, were clinically similar but with wide confidence intervals. Starch administration during cardiac surgery produced similar observed effects on postoperative kidney function, coagulation, platelet count and platelet function compared with albumin, though greater than expected variability and wide confidence intervals precluded the conclusion of non‐inferiority. Long‐term mortality and kidney function appeared similar between starch and albumin.
Retrospective analysis of a Bi‐National Colorectal Cancer Audit to characterize stage II colon cancer patients who were offered adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Cooper Edward A. , Buxey Kenneth N. , Maslen Ben J. , Muhlmann Mark 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer is a controversial area with treatment often reserved for patients with high‐risk clinicopathological features. The aim of this study was to characterize which patients with stage II disease were offered adjuvant chemotherapy in an Australian and New Zealand setting.MethodsData was retrospectively collected from the prospectively maintained Bi‐National Colorectal Cancer Audit. Data from all patients with their first episode of stage II colon cancer from January 2007 to January 2019 were included.ResultsA total of 3763 patients were identified in the Bi‐National Colorectal Cancer Audit database with stage II colon cancer, of which 715 were offered chemotherapy (19%). Patients were at significant greater odds of being offered chemotherapy for stage II disease if they were <55 years old, from an urban area, discussed in a multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting, had a greater operative urgency, a lower American Society of Anesthesiologists score, had a T4 tumour or had less than 12 lymph nodes harvested.ConclusionIn Australia and New Zealand the appropriate patients with high‐risk features are more likely to be offered chemotherapy in line with current guideline recommendations; however, this may not be the case for regional patients. A large proportion of patients were not discussed at MDT meeting– given the decision to provide adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II disease remains a controversial area, and the likely small survival benefit offered by adjuvant chemotherapy, appropriate patient selection is critical and best discussed in an MDT setting.
Risk factors for poor neonatal outcome in pregnancies with decreased fetal movements
Authors: Sterpu Irene , Pilo Christina , Koistinen Ina S. , Lindqvist Pelle G. , Gemzell‐Danielsson Kristina , Itzel Eva W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe incidence of Swedish stillbirths has varied little in the past 40 years, with a reported frequency of 400‐450 stillbirths/y (approximately 4‰), despite increased information about fetal movement in the media and awareness among healthcare providers. The objectives of this project were to describe the outcome of pregnancies with reduced fetal movement in a Swedish context and to investigate factors associated with poor neonatal outcome in this group.Material and methodsA retrospective cohort study was performed at Soder Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. All single pregnancies at the hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 presenting with reduced fetal movement after 22 gestational weeks were included in the study. A composite neonatal outcome was constructed: 5‐minute Apgar score ≤7, arterial pH in the umbilical cord ≤7.10, transfer to neonatal care unit for further care or intrauterine fetal death.ResultsFor women seeking care for reduced fetal movement, the occurrence of composite poor neonatal outcome ranged from 6.2% to 18.4% within different groups. The highest risk for poor neonatal outcome (18.4%) was found in the group of women with a small‐for‐gestational‐age fetus. Another high‐risk group (12.8%) was the one comprising women with normal birthweight/large‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses with an in vitro fertilization pregnancy.ConclusionsThe highest incidence of poor neonatal outcome among women with reduced fetal movement was found in the groups with small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses in nulliparous and multiparous women. A routine ultrasound assessment for fetal growth in third trimester is supposedly most efficient to identify undiagnosed small for gestational age.
Marginal analysis of multiple outcomes with informative cluster size
Authors: Mitani A. A. , Kaye E. K. , Nelson K. P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn surveillance studies of periodontal disease, the relationship between disease and other health and socioeconomic conditions is of key interest. To determine whether a patient has periodontal disease, multiple clinical measurements (eg, clinical attachment loss, alveolar bone loss, and tooth mobility) are taken at the tooth‐level. Researchers often create a composite outcome from these measurements or analyze each outcome separately. Moreover, patients have varying number of teeth, with those who are more prone to the disease having fewer teeth compared to those with good oral health. Such dependence between the outcome of interest and cluster size (number of teeth) is called informative cluster size and results obtained from fitting conventional marginal models can be biased. We propose a novel method to jointly analyze multiple correlated binary outcomes for clustered data with informative cluster size using the class of generalized estimating equations (GEE) with cluster‐specific weights. We compare our proposed multivariate outcome cluster‐weighted GEE results to those from the convectional GEE using the baseline data from Veterans Affairs Dental Longitudinal Study. In an extensive simulation study, we show that our proposed method yields estimates with minimal relative biases and excellent coverage probabilities.
The prevalence and associated mortality of non‐anaemic iron deficiency in older adults: a 14 years observational cohort study
Authors: Philip Keir E. J. , Sadaka Ahmed S. , Polkey Michael I. , Hopkinson Nicholas S. , Steptoe Andrew , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIron is central to multiple biological pathways, and treatment of non‐anaemic absolute iron deficiency (NAID) is beneficial in certain conditions. However, it is unknown if NAID is associated with increased mortality in older adults. A nationally representative sample of 4451 older adults from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing was used. NAID was defined as serum ferritin < 30 μg/l and haemoglobin ≥ 120 g/l (women) or ≥ 130 g/l (men). Cumulative mortality was estimated by Kaplan–Meier method. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Baseline NAID prevalence was 8·8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8·0–9·7%); 10·9% (95% CI 9·7–12·3%) for women and 6·35% for men (95% CI 5·3–7·5%). The HR for mortality for individuals with NAID compared with non‐anaemic individuals without iron deficiency over the 14‐year follow‐up was 1·58 (95% CI 1·29–1·93). This association was independent of all identified demographic, health‐related and biological covariates, and robust in multiple sensitivity analyses. In older adults in England, NAID is common and associated with an increased mortality rate compared to non‐anaemic individuals with normal serum ferritin. The association is principally driven by an excess mortality in women.
On the use of geochronology of detrital grains in determining the time of deposition of clastic sedimentary strata
Authors: Copeland Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlacing geologic events in a temporal framework is essential to telling the story of Earth history. However, clastic sedimentary rocks can be difficult to date in an absolute reference because they are made up of grains that are older than the rock in which they are now found, and some clastic rocks do not contain fossils that allow precise reference to the Geologic Timescale. For such rocks, the isotopic dating of detrital minerals can be used to estimate the time of deposition; the clastic rock must be younger than the youngest grain analysed. However, many researchers eschew this simple and straightforward approach in favour of schemes that estimate the maximum allowable depositional age as the weighted mean of the age of several grains, chosen by a variety of selection criteria. This is a mistake; in the absence of a geochemical resemblance apart from the similarity of their age, detrital grains should not be assumed to have originated in the same system and therefore any averaging or other manipulation of such data is statistically invalid and produces results without geologic significance. In the absence of interbedded volcanic rocks or index fossils, dating of detrital minerals can be an important aid in understanding the time of deposition of clastic rocks, but the best estimate will come from taking note of the youngest single grain and not by inappropriately averaging data.
Recreational shark fishing in Florida: How research and strategic science communication helped to change policy
Authors: Shiffman David S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSharks are taxa of significant conservation concern, and while commercial overfishing is the leading cause of population declines, recreational angling poses an increasing threat to some coastal shark populations. Here, I present a detailed case study of my role in a multi‐stakeholder process to improve policy surrounding recreational fishing for threatened sharks in Florida. While many other people including other scientists, concerned citizens, responsible conservation‐minded anglers, and environmental activists played key roles throughout this process, my scientific research and public engagement contributed significantly, and is the focus of this case study. Over the course of several years, my research documented the scope of several unnecessary angler practices that were harmful to threatened shark species. As a result of my research and stakeholder interactions, I was able to propose science‐based politically feasible policy solutions, and I strategically communicated the problem and possible solutions to policymakers, journalists, environmental activists, scientific professional societies, and the public. In July of 2019, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission enacted new rules for land‐based shark fishing in Florida waters, incorporating several of my proposed solutions. This case study demonstrates that through careful planning, understanding policy, developing a strategic communication plan, and networking with key stakeholders, even early career researchers can successfully help to change policy and help protect threatened species. Supplementary materials (Data S1) contain detailed background information, a timeline of events, and a diverse set of examples of my science communication.
Hong Kong: Inevitably irrelevant to China?
Authors: Liu Kerry 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe protests in Hong Kong that took place in 2019 and are still ongoing in 2020 have attracted worldwide attention. This article presents an analysis of the relationship between Hong Kong and Mainland China through a number of different lenses, including past economic relations in financing, trade, capital flow, and renminbi (the Chinese currency) internationalisation, future economic relations against the background of China's growth model transition and global investment environment, and future political relations against the background of the China model under the leadership of President Xi Jinping. This article finds that Hong Kong has in the past mattered to Mainland China, may in the present matter to Mainland China to some extent, but in future may matter less or become irrelevant.
Attacks by predators on artificial cryptic and aposematic insect larvae
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Nedvěd Oldřich , Sam Kateřina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractColour and colour patterns seem to be especially important visual warning signals for predators, which might have innate or learned ability to avoid aposematic prey. To test the importance of larval colour pattern of the aposematic ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), an invasive alien species in Europe, we presented the plasticine models of aposematic larvae to wild and naïve birds. We studied the attacks on aposematic larvae of various patterns and colours in nature and in an outdoor aviary. The larvae were cryptic (green), aposematic (resembling those of the H. axyridis larvae), and semi‐aposematic (i.e., black but missing the typical orange patches of H. axyridis larvae). We detected attacks on 71 larvae out of 450 (i.e., 2.6% daily predation). Twenty‐nine attacks were made by birds, 37 by arthropods, and five by gastropods. Wild birds attacked green and black larvae significantly more often than aposematic larvae. Colour did not have an effect on attacks by arthropods. The experiment with naïve birds was conducted in an outdoor aviary, where naïve great tits, Parus major L., were offered the same artificial larvae as in the first experiment. In total, 57 of 90 exposed larvae were attacked by birds (i.e., 28% daily predation), and green larvae were attacked significantly more than the aposematic larvae (but not more than black larvae). Our results imply that aposematic larvae of H. axyridis are more than 12× less likely to be predated by birds than green larvae in nature. The aposematic pattern represented a more effective signal than the semi‐aposematic signal. The ability to reject aposematic prey seemed to be innate in our birds.