bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Capital Account Liberalization Affect Income Inequality?*
Authors: Li Xiang , Su Dan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBy adopting an identification strategy of difference‐in‐difference estimation combined with propensity score matching between liberalized and closed countries, this paper provides robust evidence that opening the capital account is associated with an increase in income inequality in developing countries. Specifically, capital account liberalization, in the long run, is associated with a reduction in the income share of the poorest half by 2.66–3.79% points and an increase in that of the richest 10% by 5.19–8.76% points. Moreover, directions and categories of capital account liberalization matter. The relationship is more pronounced when liberalizing inward and equity capital flows.
Platelet plug formation in whole blood is enhanced in the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Chen William A. , Fletcher Hansel M. , Gheorghe Joseph D. , Oyoyo Udochukwu , Boskovic Danilo S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram‐negative anaerobic bacterium and an etiologic agent of adult periodontitis. By inducing a dysbiotic state within the host microbiota it contributes to a chronic inflammatory environment in the oral cavity. Under some circumstances, the oral bacteria may gain access to systemic circulation. While the most widely recognized function of platelets is to reduce hemorrhage in case of vascular damage, it is known that platelets are also involved in the hematologic responses to bacterial infections. Some pathogenic bacteria can interact with platelets, triggering their activation and aggregation. The aim of this study was to assess platelet responses to the presence of P. gingivalis in whole blood. Human whole blood was pretreated with P. gingivalis and then platelet plug formation was measured under high shear conditions using the PFA‐100. In the presence of P. gingivalis, time for a platelet plug to occlude the aperture in the collagen/ADP cartridge was shortened in a manner dependent on bacterial concentration and the duration of bacterial preincubation of blood. P. gingivalis enhances thrombus forming potential of platelets in whole blood.
Armed Conflict and the Timing of Childbearing in Azerbaijan
Authors: Torrisi Orsola 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResearch on fertility changes in former Soviet states of the South Caucasus is scant and has overlooked the role of armed conflicts. This study contributes to filling these gaps by providing the first detailed account of fertility changes in Azerbaijan since independence and by exploring them in relation to the Nagorno‐Karabakh conflict with Armenia. Estimates from retrospective birth history data from the 2006 Demographic and Health Survey show that since 1991 period fertility declined to almost below‐replacement levels, essentially as a result of stopping behavior, and, only recently, slight birth postponement. While the conflict seems to have little influence on aggregate trends, discrete‐time logit models accounting for unobserved heterogeneity reveal a 42–45 percent higher risk of transitioning to the second birth for women who have been exposed to conflict violence—whether in the form of forced migration or because of residence in the conflict‐torn Karabakh region—than for nonexposed women. Never‐migrant women from Karabakh have also significantly higher probability of having a first child. Further positive effects on fertility are observed for women who lost a child during peak conflict years. Risk‐insurance and replacement effects are possible mechanisms explaining such fertility responses.
Safe egg yolk consumption after a negative result for low‐dose egg oral food challenge
Authors: Yanagida Noriyuki , Sato Sakura , Takahashi Kyohei , Asaumi Tomoyuki , Nagakura Ken‐ichi , Ogura Kiyotake , Takamatsu Nobue , Ebisawa Motohiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundHen's egg is one of the most common allergens causing infantile food allergy. Consuming heated egg yolk slightly contaminated with egg white (EY with scEW) improves diet quality. Most children with egg allergies can safely consume 1/25 of a heated whole egg (low‐dose egg). Although low‐dose egg has similar antigenicity to EY with scEW, clinical reproducibility is unknown. We aimed to examine the safety of EY with scEW consumption after a negative result of low‐dose egg oral food challenge (OFC).MethodsIn this prospective study, children aged <18 years with a history of immediate reaction to eggs were enrolled. We advised children and guardians to consume EY with scEW after a negative result of low‐dose egg OFC and to record symptoms, if any.ResultsWe evaluated 276 children with negative results for low‐dose egg OFC who had previously shown reactivity to eggs. Their median age was 1.2 years. Boys accounted for 188 (68%) of the children. The median egg white‐specific immunoglobulin E level was 11.7 kUA/L. At home, six children experienced mild symptoms. Skin symptoms were the most common. Among the six children, five were confirmed to continue the consumption of EY with scEW and one developed mild respiratory symptoms and continued to avoid eating eggs.ConclusionAlthough a few children with egg allergies experience mild symptoms, most of them can ultimately consume EY with scEW. Consumption of EY with scEW after low‐dose egg OFC seems safe and may improve their quality of life by making egg yolk products available.
Usefulness of adhesive strapping for umbilical hernias of infants
Authors: Kitano Akito , Moroi Toshihiro , Miura Yuichi , Suginohara Yoshiko , Suefuji Eiichi , Oohira Takahiko , Kuwahara Toshiko , Egami Kimiyasu , Haraguchi Yogo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundUsing a controlled trial, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of adhesive strapping to improve the natural healing rate of umbilical hernia.MethodsThis prospective, observational study included 128 patients from Kumamoto, Japan (97 in the adhesive strapping group, and 31 in observation group), from 2012–2015. The duration from first hospital visit to the hernia orifice closure was compared between the two groups.ResultKaplan‐Meier curves showed that the probability of umbilical hernia in the adhesive strapping group was lower until approximately 200 days, but it was not statistically significant in the log rank test. According to multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, the hazard risk of umbilical hernia in the adhesive strapping group was significantly higher within 0–60 days after adjusting for confounding factors such as hernial cavity and hernia orifice area (P < 0.0001).ConclusionAdhesive strapping of umbilical hernia was significantly associated with earlier closure of the hernia orifice from baseline until at least 60 days.
The pediatric solid organ transplant experience with COVID‐19: An initial multi‐center, multi‐organ case series
Authors: Goss Matthew B. , Galván N. Thao N. , Ruan Wenly , Munoz Flor M. , Brewer Eileen D. , O’Mahony Christine A. , Melicoff‐Portillo Ernestina , Dreyer William J. , Miloh Tamir A. , Cigarroa Francisco G. , Ranch Daniel , Yoeli Dor , Adams Megan A. , Koohmaraie Sarah , Harter Diana M. , Rana Abbas , Cotton Ronald T. , Carter Beth , Patel Shreena , Moreno Nicolas F. , Leung Daniel H. , Goss John A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe clinical course of COVID‐19 in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients remains ambiguous. Though preliminary experiences with adult transplant recipients have been published, literature centered on the pediatric population is limited. We herein report a multi‐center, multi‐organ cohort analysis of COVID‐19‐positive transplant recipients ≤ 18 years at time of transplant. Data were collected via institutions’ respective electronic medical record systems. Local review boards approved this cross‐institutional study. Among 5 transplant centers, 26 patients (62% male) were reviewed with a median age of 8 years. Six were heart recipients, 8 kidney, 10 liver, and 2 lung. Presenting symptoms included cough (n = 12 (46%)), fever (n = 9 (35%)), dry/sore throat (n = 3 (12%)), rhinorrhea (n = 3 (12%)), anosmia (n = 2 (8%)), chest pain (n = 2 (8%)), diarrhea (n = 2 (8%)), dyspnea (n = 1 (4%)), and headache (n = 1 (4%)). Six patients (23%) were asymptomatic. No patient required supplemental oxygen, intubation, or ECMO. Eight patients (31%) were hospitalized at time of diagnosis, 3 of whom were already admitted for unrelated problems. Post‐transplant immunosuppression was reduced for only 2 patients (8%). All symptomatic patients recovered within 7 days. Our multi‐institutional experience suggests the prognoses of pediatric transplant recipients infected with COVID‐19 may mirror those of immunocompetent children, with infrequent hospitalization and minimal treatment, if any, required.
Early infant behavioural correlates of social skills in adolescents
Authors: Shoaff Jessica R. , Nugent Kevin , Brazelton Thomas Berry , Korrick Susan A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder typically diagnosed after the second year of life; however, differences in brain structure and function associated with ASD have been ascertained in early infancy. Identifying behavioural markers of ASD risk in early infancy has the potential to facilitate early detection and intervention.ObjectivesWe examined associations between infant behaviour and adolescent behaviours associated with ASD.MethodsAnalyses leveraged data available on 370 participants from the New Bedford Cohort, a sociodemographically diverse prospective birth cohort of children born from 1993 to 1998 to mothers residing near the New Bedford Harbor Superfund site in Massachusetts. Longitudinal assessments were used to examine the associations between behaviours when children were approximately 2 weeks old (measured by the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale [NBAS]), and subsequent maladaptive behaviours associated with ASD at approximately 15 years old [measured by the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd Edition‐Teacher Rating Scale (BASC‐2 TRS) scores which are standardised to a mean (SD) of 50 (10)].ResultsPoorer performance on select individual items and cluster scales of the NBAS was associated with an increase in behaviours associated with ASD in adolescents. Associations were strongest for neonatal measures of self‐regulation, response to auditory input, and autonomic nervous system regulation. For example, in covariate‐adjusted models, infants with Regulation of State NBAS cluster scores in the lowest tertile (poorest performance) compared to infants with scores in the higher two tertiles had adolescent BASC‐2 TRS Developmental Social Disorders T‐scores that were 2.9 points higher (95% CI: 0.8, 4.9), indicating more behaviours associated with ASD.ConclusionThe NBAS is an established and accessible instrument that assesses a broad range of behaviours in very young infants, and may be a useful tool for newborn assessments of developmental risk, including risk of ASD‐associated behaviours.
Risk Perception: Reflections on 40 Years of Research
Authors: Siegrist Michael , Árvai Joseph 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNumerous studies and practical experiences with risk have demonstrated the importance of risk perceptions for people's behavior. In this narrative review, we describe and reflect upon some of the lines of research that we feel have been important in helping us understand the factors and processes that shape people's risk perceptions. In our review, we propose that much of the research on risk perceptions to date can be grouped according to three dominant perspectives and, thus, approaches to study design; they are: the characteristics of hazards, the characteristics of risk perceivers, and the application of heuristics to inform risk judgments. In making these distinctions, we also highlight what we see as outstanding challenges for researchers and practitioners. We also highlight a few new research questions that we feel warrant attention.
Dental care management during the COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Falahchai Mehran , Babaee Hemmati Yasamin , Hasanzade Mahya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThe level of preparedness of the healthcare system plays an important role in management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This study attempted to devise a comprehensive protocol regarding dental care during the COVID‐19 outbreak.Methods and resultEmbase, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched until March 2020 for relevant papers. Sixteen English papers were enrolled to answer questions about procedures that are allowed to perform during the COVID‐19 outbreak, patients who are in priority to receive dental care services, the conditions and necessities for patient admission, waiting room and operatory room, and personal protective equipment (PPE) that is necessary for dental clinicians and the office staff.ConclusionDental treatment should be limited to patients with urgent or emergency situation. By screening questionnaires for COVID‐19, patients are divided into three groups of (a) apparently healthy, (b) suspected for COVID‐19, and (c) confirmed for COVID‐19. Separate waiting and operating rooms should be assigned to each group of patients to minimize the risk of disease transmission. All groups should be treated with the same protective measures with regard to PPE for the dental clinicians and staff.
Challenges of nurses and care management of depressed older adults: a narrative literature review
Authors: Albougami Abdulrhman Saad B. , Almazan Joseph U. , Stitt Nancy , P. Cruz Jonas , C. Colet Paolo , Adolfo Cris S. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe number of older adults with depression has increased in recent years. In relation to this, conducting a narrative review helps provide a better understanding of the adaptive functioning of depressed older adults and the significance of interventions in reducing depression. This narrative review investigates the nurses’ management of depressed older adult patients. It also presents a detailed investigation of the barriers preventing nurses from successfully implementing nursing care for older adults.MethodsA narrative literature review was performed on four electronic databases, namely, (i) Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, (ii) Pubmed, (iii) PsycINFO and (iv) Taylor and Francis. English language and peer‐reviewed journal articles were included.ResultsA total of 19 articles were selected for the review, and four main themes were generated: (i) the challenges in implementing depression care management, (ii) the role of social support in depression treatment, (iii) the pharmacological management approach and (iv) the health care management process.ConclusionNurses experience several challenges in implementing depression care management. The role of social support in the treatment of depression, pharmacological management and different types of health care management strategies all provide solutions for depressed older adults. The review findings provide insights for improving health care nursing services for depressed older adults and reducing the negative health outcomes in this population.
Role of CaMKII and sarcolipin in muscle adaptations to strength training with different levels of fatigue in the set
Authors: Martinez‐Canton Miriam , Gallego‐Selles Angel , Gelabert‐Rebato Miriam , Martin‐Rincon Marcos , Pareja‐Blanco Fernando , Rodriguez‐Rosell David , Morales‐Alamo David , Sanchis‐Moysi Joaquin , Dorado Cecilia , Jose Gonzalez‐Badillo Juan , Calbet Jose A. L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStrength training promotes a IIX‐to‐IIA shift in myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition, likely due to changes in sarcoplasmic [Ca2+] which are sensed by CaMKII. Sarcoplasmic [Ca2+] is in part regulated by sarcolipin (SLN), a small protein that when overexpressed in rodents stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and a fast‐to‐slow fiber type shift. The purpose of this study was to determine whether CaMKII and SLN are involved in muscle phenotype and performance changes elicited by strength training. Twenty‐two men followed an 8‐week velocity‐based resistance training program using the full squat exercise while monitoring repetition velocity. Subjects were randomly assigned to two resistance training programs differing in the repetition velocity loss allowed in each set: 20% (VL20) vs 40% (VL40). Strength training caused muscle hypertrophy, improved 1RM and increased total CaMKII protein expression, particularly of the δD isoform. Phospho‐Thr287‐CaMKII δD expression increased only in VL40 (+89%), which experienced greater muscle hypertrophy, and a reduction in MHC‐IIX percentage. SLN expression was increased in VL20 (+33%) remaining unaltered in VL40. The changes in phospho‐Thr287‐CaMKII δD were positively associated with muscle hypertrophy and the number of repetitions during training, and negatively with the changes in MHC‐IIX and SLN. Most OXPHOS proteins remained unchanged, except for NDUFB8 (Complex I), which was reduced after training (−22%) in both groups. The amount of fatigue allowed in each set critically influences muscle CaMKII and SLN responses and determines muscle phenotype changes. With lower intra‐set fatigue, the IIX‐to‐IIA MHC shift is attenuated.
Electroencephalogram frontal asymmetry changes during emotion‐eliciting tasks and parent–child interaction dynamics
Authors: Gartstein Maria A. , Warwick Haven , Campagna Allegra X. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFrontal Electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry during emotion‐eliciting tasks has been underexplored, and the current study considered changes in infant frontal asymmetry during positive and negative emotion‐eliciting tasks relative to baseline, consistent with the capability model. Importantly, variability in parent–child interaction factors related to task‐related EEG asymmetry changes was examined. Healthy infants participated in the Peek‐a‐boo component of the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery and the Repeated Still Face, with EEG data collected simultaneously. Asymmetry changes from baseline to Peek‐a‐boo and the second Still Face administration were considered with respect to parent–child interaction dynamics, coded utilizing an established scheme. ANCOVAs were conducted, with age and child sex as covariates, parent–child interaction factors as dependent variables, and Peek‐a‐boo/Repeated Still Face asymmetry changes from baseline as independent variables, dichotomized as either positive or negative in direction (i.e., associated with either a shift toward relative left or right frontal activation). Results indicated that groups based on changes in frontal EEG asymmetry from baseline to Still Face were associated with significantly different levels of reciprocity/synchrony, intensity, and directedness in mother–infant play exchanges. Results highlight the importance of understanding task‐related EEG activation and links with parent–child interactions, providing further support for the capability model.
Numerical and Experimental Study on Combined Seals With the Consideration of Stretching Effects
Authors: Peng Chao , Ouyang Xiaoping , Schmitz Katharina , Guo Shengrong , Yang Huayong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Combined seals, as a kind of reciprocating seals, are widely used in hydraulic systems. The combined seal usually contains two or more elements to achieve the sealing function. Not only the interference fit between the seal and the rod/groove should be considered, but the assembling parameters between the inner sealing elements are also essential to be investigated. Stretching ratio, as an indicator for the interference fit, usually exerts a significant influence on the sealing performance. However, in the studies of stretching effects on combined seals, the traditional axisymmetric modeling method will introduce the overstretching problems, resulting in large errors. To overcome this problem, this paper proposed a putter-movement method, where an extra putter is introduced into the model, and a mixed-lubrication theory was employed to study macro and micro characteristics among the sealing zone. As a typical kind of combined seals, the VL seal is utilized as the research object, and the material’s plastic effects are included in the reciprocating-seal modeling for the first time. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data, and good agreements are obtained. The proposed method is then employed to discuss the sealing characteristics under different interference-fit conditions systematically. The results indicate that the stretching mainly affects the contact pressure on the cavity side. Compared to the performance of the seal with the standard geometry, in the extra-stretching condition, the leakage is increased, but the friction is decreased.
Enhancement of Dry Sliding Tribological Characteristics of Perforated Zirconia Toughened Alumina Ceramic Composite Filled With Nano MoS2 in High Vacuum
Authors: Ghosh Kunal , Mazumder Subhrojyoti , Hirani Harish , Roy Poulomi , Mandal Nilrudra 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An innovative approach was adopted for fabricating zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA)-MoS2 self-lubricating ceramic composites with the inclusion of hydrothermally synthesized nano MoS2 through the micropores of perforated ZTA ceramics. This method avoided the exposure of MoS2 in high-temperature environment due to its in-sensitiveness during traditional sintering techniques. Different weight percentages (wt%: 0, 5, 10, and 15) of graphite were incorporated to produce porous ZTA ceramics with the help of cold press sintering followed by insertion of nano MoS2 into the matrices. Best tribological characteristics were obtained with 10 wt% graphite-ZTA-MoS2 specimen which offered an improvement of ∼66% in coefficient of friction (COF) and ∼96% in specific wear rate when dry sliding tests were carried out against silicon nitride (Si3N4) in high vacuum (5.0 × 10−4 mbar). Nano MoS2 was sheared off at the contacting interface during sliding under load which showed a good tribological characteristics of the composite. Delamination was found as the dominating wear mechanism in ZTA-MoS2 composites during wear tests.
A Transient Mixed Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Model for Helical Gear Contacts
Authors: Chimanpure A. S. , Kahraman A. , Talbot D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this study, a non-Newtonian, transient, isothermal, mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model is proposed for helical gear contacts. The model accounts for nonelliptical contacts subject to spatially varying sliding and rolling velocity fields that are not aligned with any principal axis of the contact region, which is the case for helical gear contacts. The time-varying changes pertaining to key contact parameters and relative motion of roughness profiles on mating tooth surfaces are captured simultaneously to follow the contact from the root to the tip of a tooth while accounting for the transient effect due to relative motions of the roughness profiles. Actual tooth load distributions, contact kinematics, and compliances of helical gear contacts are provided to this model by an existing helical gear load distribution model. Measured three-dimensional roughness profiles covering the entire meshing zone are incorporated in the analyses to investigate its impact on the EHL conditions as well as mechanical power loss. Results of a parametric sensitivity study are presented to demonstrate the influence of operating conditions and surface roughness on the EHL behavior and the resultant gear mesh mechanical power loss of an example helical gear pair. The accuracy of the proposed mixed-EHL model is assessed by comparing the mechanical power loss predictions to available experimental results.