bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding a way towards high-quality, accessible tourism: the role of digital ecosystems
Authors: Cassia Fabio , Castellani Paola , Rossato Chiara , Baccarani Claudio 
Published: July 2020

PurposeDespite a growing interest in accessible tourism, delivering high-quality tourism experiences to people with disabilities (PwD) remains a major challenge. Beyond a number of acknowledged barriers (e.g. cultural, architectural, relational), the main issue is the lack of coordination amongst the many actors participating in the co-creation of tourism experiences. This paper intends to advance available knowledge on this issue by conceptually suggesting a solution that draws on the concepts of the tourism experience and digital ecosystems.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is developed as a conceptual contribution, drawing also on an illustrative example that considers a tourist with mobility disability as the focal actor.FindingsThe results indicate that a digital ecosystem could contribute to making tourism locations more accessible by enabling information sharing and coordination amongst all actors that co-create the tourism experiences. Moreover, the analysis underlines that tourism locations should be designed to be useable by all people, drawing on the principles of the universal design.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper describes a path to fostering accessible tourism, drawing on local authorities, particularly municipalities and universities. The suggested solution would benefit from future empirical analyses to assess its strengths and weaknesses.Originality/valueBy drawing on the concept of digital ecosystems, this paper is amongst the first studies to suggest a path to making tourism locations more accessible to all tourists (with or without disabilities) based on technology.
Modelling and analysis of flow of powders through long pipelines
Authors: J.S. Shijo , Behera Niranjana 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on predicting the pressure drop in fluidized dense phase pneumatic conveying of fine particles through pipelines by modelling the solids friction factor in terms of non-dimensional parameters using experimental data of definite pipeline configuration. Finally, the model is to be tested for a different pipeline configuration.Design/methodology/approachSolids friction factor has been expressed in terms of certain non-dimensional parameters such as density ratio, solids loading ratio and mean particle diameter to pipe diameter ratio, and a certain number of coefficients and exponents. Experimental data of five conveying materials (two types of fly ash, two types of alumina and one type of cement meal) for a pipeline configuration of diameter 53 mm and length 173 m and another conveying material EPS dust for two pipeline configurations (69-mm diameter, 168-m long; 105-mm diameter, 168-m long) have been used to calculate the unknown coefficients or exponents of the mathematical model for solids friction factor.FindingsThe developed model gives the best results in predicting the pressure drop for the pipelines that are less than 173-m long, but the model shows a large error for the pipelines more than 173-m long.Research limitations/implicationsCurrent research will be helpful for the researchers to model the process of pneumatic conveying through long distances.Practical implicationsThe method will be helpful in conveying powder materials through long distances in cement or brick industry, alumina industry.Social implicationsFly ash piles over at the nearby places of thermal power plants. Pneumatic conveying is the best method for transporting the fly ash from the location of power plants to the nearby brick industries or cement industries.Originality/valueSolid friction factor has been presented in terms of four non-dimensional parameters and evaluated the accuracy in predicting the pressure drop for two different pipeline configurations.
Working with cancer: A pilot study of work participation among cancer survivors in Western Sydney
Authors: Markovic Cresta , Mackenzie Lynette , Lewis Joanne , Singh Michelle 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAround 40% of cancers occur in working‐age adults. Improvements in screening and treatment mean that most are expected to live years beyond their diagnosis. However, many experience persistent impairments from treatment such as fatigue, cognitive difficulties, and emotional distress. Work is a key occupation for this population and is an important occupational performance area for occupational therapy intervention. However, little is understood about working with cancer in the Australian context.AimTo pilot a survey to identify factors associated with work participation among cancer survivors, and to determine if the survey collected useful information to build on for further study.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey was developed to measure work participation and factors associated with successful work. Study participants aged 20–65 years, employed at diagnosis, with basic English and computer literacy were recruited from a cancer clinic in Western Sydney over a 3‐month period.ResultsNineteen survey responses were received and analysed. Participants had returned or remained at work (n = 9, 47.4%), unsuccessfully attempted to return to work (RTW; n = 2, 10.5%), or were on leave from work (n = 8, 42.1%). Of those on leave, most did not plan to RTW (n = 6, 31.6%). Fatigue (n = 15, 78.9%), difficulty concentrating (n = 8, 42.1%), memory issues (n = 8, 42.1%), stomach upset (n = 7, 36.8%), sleep disturbance, (n = 7, 36.8%), and psychological distress (n = 7, 36.8%) impacted perceived work ability. Physically demanding work (n = 8, 42.1%), length of the workday (n = 6, 31.6%), productivity demands (n = 5, 26.3%), and commuting (n = 4, 21.1%) were challenging to manage after cancer. A supportive workplace was a facilitator for work.ConclusionCancer survivors in Western Sydney may face challenges engaging in work after treatment. Work participation may be influenced by side effects of treatment, difficulty performing work demands, and the work environment. Services may be needed for cancer survivors to navigate RTW.
Phylogenomic analysis reveals a two‐stage process of the evolutionary transition of Shewanella from the upper ocean to the hadal zone
Authors: Tang Xixiang , Yu Libo , Yi Yi , Wang Jiahua , Wang Siyuan , Meng Canxing , Liu Shunzhang , Hao Yali , Zhang Yue , Cao Xiaorong , Jian Huahua , Xiao Xiang 
Published: July 2020

SummaryShewanella strains are characterized by versatile metabolic capabilities, resulting in their wide distribution in the ocean at different depths. Considering that particle sedimentation is an important dynamic process in the ocean, we hypothesized that hadal Shewanella species evolved from the upper ocean. In this study, we isolated three novel Shewanella strains from deep‐sea sediments in the Southwest Indian Ocean. Genome sequencing indicated that strains YLB‐06 and YLB‐08 represent two novel species in the genus Shewanella. Through phylogenomic analysis, we showed that speciation and genomic changes in marine Shewanella strains are related to water depth. We further confirmed the aforementioned hypothesis and revealed a two‐stage process of the evolutionary transition of Shewanella from the upper ocean to the hadal zone by comparative genomics and gene gain/loss analysis. Finally, the transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that recently obtained genes are strictly repressed and may thus play a minor role in the response to environmental changes.
Sponge microbiome stability during environmental acquisition of highly specific photosymbionts
Authors: Britstein Maya , Cerrano Carlo , Burgsdorf Ilia , Zoccarato Luca , Kenny Nathan J. , Riesgo Ana , Lalzar Maya , Steindler Laura 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this study, we used in situ transplantations to provide the first evidence of horizontal acquisition of cyanobacterial symbionts by a marine sponge. The acquisition of the symbionts by the host sponge Petrosia ficiformis, which was observed in distinct visible patches, appeared several months after transplantation and at different times on different sponge specimens. We further used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of genomic DNA (gDNA) and complementary DNA (cDNA) and metatranscriptomics to investigate how the acquisition of the symbiotic cyanobacterium Candidatus Synechococcus feldmannii perturbed the diverse microbiota associated with the host P. ficiformis. To our surprise, the microbiota remained relatively stable during cyanobacterial symbiont acquisition at both structural (gDNA content) and activity (cDNA expression) levels. At the transcriptomic level, photosynthesis was the primary function gained following the acquisition of cyanobacteria. Genes involved in carotene production and oxidative stress tolerance were among those highly expressed by Ca. S. feldmannii, suggesting that this symbiont may protect itself and its host from damaging light radiation.
The Redistributive Effects of a Minimum Wage Increase in New Zealand: A Microsimulation Analysis
Authors: Alinaghi Nazila , Creedy John , Gemmell Norman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the potential effects on inequality and poverty of a minimum wage increase, based on a microsimulation model that captures the details of household composition and the income tax and welfare benefit system and allows for labour supply responses. Results suggest that, largely due to the composition of household incomes, a policy of increasing the minimum wage has a relatively small effect on the inequality of income per adult equivalent person, and a money metric utility measure, using several inequality indices. Hence, the minimum wage policy does not appear to be particularly well targeted, largely due to many low wage earners being secondary earners in higher income households, while many low income households have no wage earners at all. These results are reinforced when allowing for wage spillovers further up the wage distribution. Nevertheless, a minimum wage increase can have a more substantial effect on some poverty measures for sole parents in employment.
Making ecumenes: ontogeny, amity, and resistance in Brazilian indigenous pathways
Authors: McCallum Cecilia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe article reconsiders the concept of ecumene in anthropology, through a focus on Panoan‐language‐speaking indigenous peoples in Brazil. It explores the notion that ecumenes are intersubjectively forged space‐times and it critiques culturalist and evolutionist approaches to the ecumene concept. Drawing on ethnography of Yawanawá and Cashinahua, analysis treats ecumenes as dynamic space‐times within which amity and enmity arise and identity politics are forged or falter. These arise phenomenologically over time as bodies acquire knowledge, capacity, creativity, and agency, resulting in the sedimentation and fixation of humanness, seen as contingent and temporary in nature. It is argued that if ecumene is to be a useful category of analysis, it is necessary to put aside heuristic divisions between indigenous and anthropological conceptual and theoretical framing of global historical processes. Ecumene needs be framed with respect to an analysis of graduated sovereignty, predatory capitalism, and institutionalized racism, as Amerindians experience and frame these historically.
Modeling Temperature Variations Using Monte Carlo Simulation: Implications for Estimation of the Postmortem Interval Based on Insect Development Times*†
Authors: Hill Lawrence , Gilbert Allison E. , Coetzee Maureen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe association between insect development and temperature is well established. Thermal summation using accumulated degree‐day measures is commonly used. However, the time at which evidence is collected is important in these estimates. The aim of this study was to provide a simulated model of the effect of temperatures on six dipteran species commonly associated with cadavers, from the death scene to the refrigerator, and finally at the time of autopsy. Temperatures measurements were sampled over a 16‐month period from the external environment (external to the mortuary), within the mortuary refrigerator, and within the mortuary autopsy suite. Monte Carlo simulation using accumulated degree‐days (ADD) was used to estimate the variations based on the mean and standard deviation of the temperature measurements. It was found that there was a negative correlation between the base temperature of the fly species (lowest temperature at which the flies will survive) and developmental likelihood. Species with high base temperatures (Chrysomya albiceps, Chrysomya chloropyga, and Musca domestica) were less likely to continue development in refrigerators than species with lower base temperatures (Lucilia sericata and Piophila casei). The findings of this study highlight the importance of recording temperature measurements and the period of refrigeration on PMI estimation especially when continued development occurs in spite of a period of cooling of the insect evidence.
Combination treatment with artemisinin and oxaliplatin inhibits tumorigenesis in esophageal cancer EC109 cell through Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Jian , Ren Wei , Liu Zhu‐Long , Cheng Yu‐Feng , Zhang Xiao‐Mei 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundEsophageal cancer (EC) is a prevalent malignant cancer worldwide. Interestingly, the antimalaria compound artemisinin (ART) is also reported to have anticancer potential, although its underlying mechanism in EC is unclear. In this study, we explored the anticancer role of ART in EC109 and further explored the combination of ART and oxaliplatin (OXA) for their synergetic anticancer functions.MethodsHuman EC cell line EC109 was used. After ART or oxaliplatin (OXA) treatment, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were measured by MTT, transwell, and scratch wound assays, respectively. Flow cytometry was performed to examine the cell cycle and apoptosis. The mRNA and protein levels were determined using qRT‐PCR and western blotting.ResultsThe migration and invasion abilities of EC109 were suppressed by ART. This was due to the inhibitory effect of ART on the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. The levels of β‐catenin, c‐myc, and survivin were also downregulated by ART. ART inhibits the proliferation of EC109 cells by arresting the cells in the G1‐phase of cell cycle. By using LiCl, an activator of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, we further verified that the inhibition of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway was indeed due to ART. Remarkably, ART enhanced the anticancer effects of OXA in EC109 cells. OXA combined with ART was found to be more efficient in decreasing tumor growth compared to the individual drugs.ConclusionsART could suppress tumor progression by inhibiting Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, and it may also enhance the antitumor effect of OXA in EC. Thus, ART could be a novel anticancer drug for EC treatment.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyART could be a novel anticancer drug for esophageal cancer (EC) treatment.What this study addsCombination treatment with artemisinin and oxaliplatin inhibits tumorigenesis in esophageal cancer EC109 cells through the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway.
Automatic image‐based identification and biomass estimation of invertebrates
Authors: Ärje Johanna , Melvad Claus , Jeppesen Mads Rosenhøj , Madsen Sigurd Agerskov , Raitoharju Jenni , Rasmussen Maria Strandgård , Iosifidis Alexandros , Tirronen Ville , Gabbouj Moncef , Meissner Kristian , Høye Toke Thomas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Understanding how biological communities respond to environmental changes is a key challenge in ecology and ecosystem management. The apparent decline of insect populations necessitates more biomonitoring but the time‐consuming sorting and expert‐based identification of taxa pose strong limitations on how many insect samples can be processed. In turn, this affects the scale of efforts to map and monitor invertebrate diversity altogether. Given recent advances in computer vision, we propose to enhance the standard human expert‐based identification approach involving manual sorting and identification with an automatic image‐based technology.

We describe a robot‐enabled image‐based identification machine, which can automate the process of invertebrate sample sorting, specimen identification and biomass estimation. We use the imaging device to generate a comprehensive image database of terrestrial arthropod species which is then used to test classification accuracy, that is, how well the species identity of a specimen can be predicted from images taken by the machine. We also test sensitivity of the classification accuracy to the camera settings (aperture and exposure time) to move forward with the best possible image quality. We use state‐of‐the‐art Resnet‐50 and InceptionV3 convolutional neural networks for the classification task.

The results for the initial dataset are very promising as we achieved an average classification accuracy of 0.980. While classification accuracy is high for most species, it is lower for species represented by less than 50 specimens. We found significant positive relationships between mean area of specimens derived from images and their dry weight for three species of Diptera.

The system is general and can easily be used for other groups of invertebrates as well. As such, our results pave the way for generating more data on spatial and temporal variation in invertebrate abundance, diversity and biomass.
Defective early innate immune response to ectromelia virus in the draining lymph nodes of aged mice due to impaired dendritic cell accumulation
Authors: Stotesbury Colby , Wong Eric B. , Tang Lingjuan , Montoya Brian , Knudson Cory J. , Melo‐Silva Carolina R. , Sigal Luis J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is known that aging decreases natural resistance to viral diseases due to dysfunctional innate and adaptive immune responses, but the nature of these dysfunctions, particularly in regard to innate immunity, is not well understood. We have previously shown that C57BL/6J (B6) mice lose their natural resistance to footpad infection with ectromelia virus (ECTV) due to impaired maturation and recruitment of natural killer (NK) cells to the draining popliteal lymph node (dLN). More recently, we have also shown that in young B6 mice infected with ECTV, the recruitment of NK cells is dependent on a complex cascade whereby migratory dendritic cells (mDCs) traffic from the skin to the dLN, where they produce CCL2 and CCL7 to recruit inflammatory monocytes (iMOs). In the dLN, mDCs also upregulate NKG2D ligands to induce interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) expression by group 1 innate lymphoid cells (G1‐ILCs), mostly NK in cells but also some ILC1. In response to the IFN‐γ, the incoming uninfected iMOs secret CXCL9 to recruit the critical NK cells. Here, we show that in aged B6 mice, the trafficking of mDCs to the dLN in response to ECTV is decreased, resulting in impaired IFN‐γ expression by G1‐ILCs, reduced accumulation of iMOs, and attenuated CXCL9 production by iMOs, which likely contributes to decrease in NK cell recruitment. Together, these data indicate that defects in the mDC response to viral infection during aging result in a reduced innate immune response in the dLN and contribute to increased susceptibility to viral disease in the aged.
Hotspots of livestock depredation by pumas and jaguars in Brazil: a biome‐scale analysis
Authors: Balbuena‐Serrano Á. , Zarco‐González M. M. , Monroy‐Vilchis O. , G. Morato R. , C. De Paula R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRetaliatory killing, motivated by depredation of domestic animals by large carnivores, has had a significant impact on wild predators’ populations. In Brazil, pumas and jaguars are the most persecuted species, so it is important to analyse the spatial patterns of depredation risk of livestock. We aimed to identify the hotspots of depredation risk by these two felids in Brazil, as well as the most important variables that determine the risk at the biome scale. We generated spatial models of livestock depredation using a database of depredation records, anthropogenic, topographic and vegetation variables, and ecological niche models. We used six algorithms to generate spatial risk models of depredation and selected those with the best performance, for inclusion in a consensus model, for each biome. Finally, we overlapped the areas of high depredation risk by both felids, so that areas considered as hotspots are those in which there is a high risk that livestock will be preyed by pumas or jaguars. Approximately 17% of the area of the biomes analysed for puma had high depredation risk, and 18% in the case of jaguar. The hotspots encompassed 6.5% of the included biomes’ area. The variables associated with the high depredation risk were different between species and biomes. Depredation risk by pumas was primarily associated with anthropogenic variables, whereas a combination of anthropogenic variables and vegetation types increased depredation risk by jaguar. Biome‐scale analysis, coupled with the availability of reliable data and the implementation of statistically robust methods, provides information specifically on the areas of highest risk and the conditions that contribute to it.
30 years of samples submitted to an Australian Medical Entomology Department
Authors: Geary Merilyn J , Russell Richard C , Moerkerken Leendert , Hassan Assareh , Doggett Stephen L 
Published: July 2020

AbstractArthropods are the cause of considerable human morbidity. In spite of numerous text books and reviews published on arthropods of medical importance, this is the first paper in the world to present a comprehensive review of specimens sent to a medical entomology laboratory over an extended period. The Department of Medical Entomology at Westmead Hospital is the New South Wales reference laboratory for arthropods of medical importance. In the years 1988–2017, there were 5655 samples submitted for identification. Some 25 orders, 188 families and 177 different genera were recorded, with 170 unique species. The most common specimens included the Australian paralysis tickIxodes holocyclus(708 specimens submitted), the bird miteOrnithonyssus bursa(506), bed bugsCimexspp. (149), moth fliesClogmiaspp. (135), head licePediculus capitis(105), pubic licePthirus pubis(91) and scabiesSarcoptes scabiei(57). In 1211 samples submitted, there was no evidence for any life stages of arthropods. For these common samples, data analysed included yearly and seasonal trends, female vs. male patient submissions and the age classes of the patients. Some species such asI. holocyclus,O. bursa,Cimexspp.,Clogmiaspp. andP. capitisdemonstrated strong seasonal trends. In the case of the female vs. male patients, there were significant differences in submissions withO. bursa,P. capitis,P. pubisand with the samples containing no arthropod evidence. Of these, only withP. pubisdid more males submit than females. Younger ages classes (<10 years) were more associated withI. holocyclusandP. capitis, older patients >70 years) with scabies, mature females (50–69 years) with samples containing no evidence of arthropods and middle‐aged adults (40–69) with the remainder of the common samples. Key diagnostic features are included for some of the more challenging arthropod species to distinguish and as well as case studies provided of situations involving unique or unusual infestations. The data provides useful information on the risks that arthropods of medical importance pose to the community and will refine educational programs.