bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education and the Deaf-Blind Child
Authors: Hoff Joel R. 
Published: March 2020

To summarize, the education of deaf-blind children has made progress through the past 130 years because of the inspiration of the famous early teachers, Dr. Howe and Anne Sullivan, and their pupils, Laura Bridgman and Helen Keller, and the part they played in changing the educational philosophy for handicapped children, i.e. from one of pessimism to a more optimistic one. Medical advances have to some extent altered the handicapped population and are thus offering the educators of these children many new challenges involving educational evaluations and methods and systems of teaching. At the present time seven schools or departments for deaf-blind children are serving deaf-blind children to the very best of their abilities with specially designed preschool and elementary educational programs. Their goal is the building of a foundation for these children upon which a realistically independent and social future, commensurate with each child's interests and potentials, may be based.
An Experiment in Improving Communication between Blind and Deaf-Blind Persons in a Residence for Older Blind Persons
Authors: Rusalem Herbert , Bettica Louis , John Urguhart M.S.W. 
Published: March 2020

In an attempt to improve social interaction between blind and deaf-blind older persons living in the same agency-sponsored residence, a ten-session course in printing in the palm was offered to an experimental group of five blind volunteer subjects. The sociometric data collected initially and six weeks after the completion of the training revealed no significant changes in attitudes and behavior in either the experimental or the control group. Observations of the Burrwood staff suggested that favorable behavior changes had occurred during and subsequent to the training program but that these changes were short-lived and had largely disappeared by the time that the second sociometric study was conducted.
Learning from Experience: A Revisit to the Children's Corner
Authors: Richards Susan S. , Briller Stanley 
Published: March 2020

□ In summary, going into the fourth year, the staff applied the following concepts specifically to the program for the children: play techniques emphasizing brighter, more highly textured materials; the use of light as an incentive for tactile exploration; the use of light to enhance residual vision; music to stimulate mobility and noisy toys to stimulate hearing; and the stabilization of security by the introduction or reintroduction of the one-to-one relationship. One major aspect of child development that has been overlooked in the literature is the need for the blind child to develop the integrated use of both sides of his body in movement. This insures the smoother development of mobility as well as a clearer body image. With regard to the program for parents, the continued role of individual and group counseling of parents is necessary. Increasingly complicated and demanding developmental problems have been faced over the three years and the children have shown progress over a short period of time.
National Geographical Variation in Sinus Balloon Dilation
Authors: Gadkaree Shekhar K. , Rathi Vinay K. , Feng Allen L. , Workman Alan D. , Phillips Katie M. , Barbarite Eric , Bergmark Regan W. , Scangas George A. , Metson Ralph 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to describe national variations in sinus balloon dilation (SBD), examine the relationship between endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and SBD prevalence patterns, and evaluate associations between reimbursement rates and regional variations in sinus surgery.Study DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingMedicare Provider Utilization and Payment (PUP) Part B Data from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2016.Subjects and MethodsPhysicians in the PUP Part B Database Performing ESS or SBD in 2016. States were stratified into average‐ or high‐volume utilizers based on the number of ESS procedures and SBD procedures per population and compared.ResultsEight states were classified as high‐volume utilizers of SBD—Florida, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Nevada, New Mexico, South Dakota, and Texas. Only 3 of these states—Kansas, Mississippi, and Nevada—were classified as high‐volume utilizers of ESS. Reimbursement rates were significantly higher for SBD as compared to ESS ($1538 [interquartile range (IQR), 1473‐1664] vs $335 [IQR, 261‐412] per procedure, P <. 001). High‐volume utilizer SBD states had a higher number of otolaryngologists (13.0 [IQR, 7‐16] vs 6.0 [IQR, 2‐3]) otolaryngologists per state (P <. 001) and a trend toward an increased rate of performing ESS procedures (19 [IQR, 19‐41] vs 6.0 [IQR, 2‐32], P =. 034) procedures per million residents) than average‐volume utilizer SBD states.ConclusionsThe southern United States has a significantly higher rate of SBD procedures performed compared to the rest of the country, but these rates do not appear to be directly related to statewide variations in SBD reimbursement.
Efficacy and cognitive effect of sarcosine (N-methylglycine) in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind randomised controlled trials
Authors: Chang Chun-Hung , Lin Chieh-Hsin , Liu Chieh-Yu , Chen Shaw-Ji , Lane Hsien-Yuan 
Published: March 2020

Background: Sarcosine (N-methylglycine), a type 1 glycine transporter inhibitor (GlyT1), has shown therapeutic potential for treating schizophrenia; however, studies have reported conflicting results. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the efficacy and cognitive effect of sarcosine for schizophrenia. Methods: In this study, PubMed, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Collaboration Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials were searched electronically for double-blinded randomised controlled trials that used sarcosine for treating schizophrenia. We used the published trials up to November 2019 to investigate the efficacy of sarcosine in schizophrenia. We pooled studies by using a random-effect model for comparing sarcosine treatment effects. Patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition were recruited. Clinical improvement and cognitive function scores between baseline and after sarcosine use were compared using the standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The heterogeneity of the included trials was evaluated through visual inspection of funnel plots and through the I2 statistic. Results: We identified seven trials with 326 participants with schizophrenia meeting the inclusion criteria. All these studies evaluated the overall clinical symptoms, and four of them evaluated overall cognitive functions. Sarcosine use achieved more significant effects than the use of its comparators in relieving overall clinical symptoms (SMD = 0.51, CI = 0.26–0.76, p < 0.01). Moreover, studies with the low Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale range of 70–79 showed significant effect size (ES)s of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.03–1.31, p = 0.04). In addition, trials enrolling patients with stable clinical symptoms had significant ESs: 0.53 (95% CI: 0.21–0.85, p < 0.01). Add-on sarcosine combined with first- and second-generation antipsychotics, except clozapine, had a positive effect. For overall cognitive functions, sarcosine showed a positive but insignificant effect compared with its comparators (SMD = 0.27, CI = −0.06 to 0.60, p = 0.10). The effects were correlated with increased female proportions and decreased illness duration, albeit nonsignificantly. Conclusions: The meta-analysis suggests that sarcosine may be associated with treatment effect on overall clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia but not cognitive functions.
Posterior Shoulder Instability: Surgical Outcomes and Risk of Failure in Adolescence
Authors: Asturias Alicia M. , Bastrom Tracey P. , Pennock Andrew T. , Edmonds Eric W. 
Published: March 2020

Background: Arthroscopic capsulolabral reconstruction has proven to be effective in treating posterior shoulder instability. Few studies have examined the risk factors that may contribute to poor outcomes in the adolescent population. Purpose: To identify risk factors for surgical failure by comparing anatomic and subjective variations in children who underwent surgical intervention for posterior shoulder instability. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: All patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery at one institution between 2011 and 2018 were reviewed. Patients >18 years old at presentation and those with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome were excluded. Posterior instability was defined as unidirectional subluxation on posterior drawer testing while under anesthesia. Two-year minimum follow-up was required, but those whose treatment failed earlier were included for calculation purposes. Demographics and intraoperative findings were recorded, as were Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) scoring, Pediatric and Adolescent Shoulder Survey (PASS), and the short version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) results. Major complication was defined as revision arthroscopy or redislocation, and minor complications included self-reporting a poor outcome score (eg, SANE score <65). Results: A total of 48 children (23 girls and 25 boys) met criteria, with a mean age of 16.5 years (range, 12.4-17.9 years) and a mean follow-up of 3.75 years. Fifteen (31.3%) patients had a complication by our criteria, including 12.5% with surgical failures; regarding major complications, boys were treated successfully 96% of the time and girls 78% of the time ( P = .049). Of the anatomic and subjective variables tested, only younger age ( P≤ .001) and presentation type ( P < .05) were correlated with complications. SANE scores differed significantly ( P < .002) by presentation type, with mean scores of 52 (trauma), 94 (recurrent instability), and 81 (pain). QuickDASH scores demonstrated patients with a history of trauma (mean, 37), instability (mean, 9), and pain (mean, 11). Conclusion: Adolescents treated surgically for posterior shoulder instability are at risk of treatment failure (when including outcome scores), and it appears that patients of female sex, younger age, and traumatic presentation are at the highest risk to require revision surgery or experience continued limitations secondary to their shoulder.
Integration of Mixed Methods in Community-Based Participatory Research: Development of a Disease Prevention Intervention for Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Women
Authors: Leiter Elisheva , Finkelstein Adi , Donchin Milka , Greenberg Keren L. , Keidar Osnat , Wetzler Sima , Siemiatycki Sara , Calderon-Margalit Ronit , Zwas Donna R 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: To describe the development of the first disease prevention intervention with ultra-Orthodox Jewish (UOJ) women in Israel using mixed methods and community-based participatory research (CBPR). Design: This collaborative, 7-staged development process used an exploratory sequential mixed methods design integrated into a community-based participatory approach. Setting: The UOJ community in Israel, a high-risk, low socioeconomic, culturally insular minority that practices strict adherence to religious standards, maintains determined seclusion from mainstream culture and preserves traditional practices including extreme modesty and separation between the sexes. Participants: Women from a targeted UOJ community in Israel with distinct geographic, religious, and cultural parameters. These included 5 key informant interviewees, 5 focus groups with 6 to 8 participants in each, a cluster randomized sample of 239 questionnaire respondents (an 87% response rate), and 11 steering committee participants. Method: Qualitative data were analyzed through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis by 2 researchers. Quantitative data were collected via questionnaire (designed based on qualitative findings) and analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics. Results: Barriers to health behavior engagement and intervention preferences were identified. The final intervention included walking programs, health newsletters, community leader trainings, teacher and student trainings, and health integration into schools. Conclusion: Utilizing mixed methods in CBPR improved cultural tailoring, potentially serving as a model for intervention design in other difficult to access, low socioeconomic, and culturally insular populations.
Toxicity profile of Doxorubicin-Cyclophosphamide and Doxorubicin-Cyclophosphamide followed by Paclitaxel regimen and its associated factors among women with breast cancer in Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Gadisa Diriba Alemayehu , Assefa Mathewos , Wang Shu-Hua , Yimer Getnet 
Published: March 2020

Background Management of patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy is complicated by a very high rate of adverse drug reactions which is even more challenging in developing countries like Ethiopia where the toxicity profile of chemotherapy is lacking. The present study aimed at evaluating the toxicity profile of Doxorubicin-Cyclophosphamide (AC) and Doxorubicin-Cyclophosphamide→Paclitaxel (AC→T) regimens among 146 patients with breast cancer in Ethiopia. Methods This prospective cohort study, with the median of six months’ follow-up, was conducted from January 1 to September 30, 2017 GC at the only nationwide oncology center, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Seventy-one patients received AC, while 75 received AC-T regimen. The toxicity with the highest grade during any cycle was considered as the toxicity grade for that patient. SPSS version 22 was used for analysis. Results The overall frequent non-hematological adverse drug reactions reported for both regimens were fatigue 144 (98.7%), dysgeusia 142 (97.3%), skin hyperpigmentation 141 (96.6%), nausea 136 (93.2%), vomiting 129 (88.4%), gastritis 122 (83.6%), peripheral neuropathy 108 (74%), and myalgia/arthralgia 110 (75.3%). Neutropenia 107 (73.3%), leukopenia 102 (69.9%), and anemia 51 (34.9%) were the most frequent overall grade hematological toxicities reported. However, those received AC regimen suffered more from grade 2 and above leukopenia (35.2% vs. 17.3%, P = 0.014), anemia (16.9% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.004), and alkaline phosphatase increment (11.3% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.039) than AC-T regimen. On the contrary, those received AC-T regimen suffered more from severe arthralgia/myalgia (2.8% vs. 2%, P = 0.001), peripheral neuropathy (1.4% vs. 36%, P = 0.000), and gastritis (14.1% vs. 29.3%, P = 0.026) than AC regimen. Pretreatment blood cell counts, having stage IV breast tumor, older age, and lower body surface area were significant predictors of grade 2 to above hematological toxicities. Older age, arthralgia/myalgia, and skin hyperpigmentation occurred during the cohort were significant predictors of grade 2 to above oral mucositis, peripheral neuropathy, and fatigue, respectively. Conclusion Patients who received the AC regimen suffered more from hematological abnormalities, while those on the AC-T regimen experienced more of non-hematological toxicities. Overall, we report high incidences of AC and AC-T regimens-induced toxicities in Ethiopian women with breast cancer, and they may require prior support based on pretreatment blood counts, age and body surface area, and close follow-up during chemotherapy.
Mounting the New Guard: The Golden Rule as a Basis for Organizational Culture Change in Response to Challenges in Academia
Authors: Greer Tomika W. , Shuck Brad 
Published: March 2020

The Problem The landscape of higher education is undergoing rapid evolution. Changes in demographics, scope of faculty responsibilities, expectations of productivity, and technology lead this evolution. Intentional strategies are required for navigating this new landscape. The Solution We advocate for contextually and historically sensitive organizational culture changes in response to the changing nature and experiences in higher education. The organizational culture changes are predicated on valuing, embracing, and encouraging unique and forward-thinking perspectives in academia. The Stakeholders The primary audience includes faculty and organizational leaders in higher education who are urged to actively participate in the organizational culture changes that are deemed necessary for continued vitality and relevance of academic institutions.
Business Startups and Development of South Korean Women Entrepreneurs in the IT Industry
Authors: Cho Yonjoo , Han Soo Jeoung , Park Jiwon , Kang Hyounju 
Published: March 2020

The Problem Research on South Korean women entrepreneurs in the information technology (IT) industry is limited, and thus learning how they start and develop their businesses will address a gap in the literature. In addition, as our previous study on women entrepreneurs in Korea encompassed all industries, we did not sufficiently capture how women entrepreneurs in the IT industry started and developed their businesses. We feel a strong need to conduct a follow-up study on three women entrepreneurs who (a) started an IT business to become independent; (b) have stayed in their businesses for approximately 20 years; and (c) became role models as women entrepreneurs in the industry. The Solution We conducted semi-structured interviews with three women entrepreneurs in the IT industry and analyzed each case on three themes: motivation, challenges, and success factors. Although each case has its distinctive features, we found that all cases had success factors in common: technical expertise, positive outlook, adherence to business principles, work centrality, and networking. Particularly, the three women entrepreneurs’ positive outlook was the key success factor that helped them overcome challenges they faced in business development. The Stakeholders Given the study findings on women entrepreneurs’ personal factors (e.g., positive outlook, technical expertise) and external factors (e.g., networking), human resource development (HRD) practitioners can develop leadership programs to share those success factors with aspiring women entrepreneurs in Korea and other countries so that they can develop their own competencies and strategies from early on.
Characteristics and outcomes of Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source according to stroke severity
Authors: Leventis Ioannis , Perlepe Kalliopi , Sagris Dimitrios , Sirimarco Gaia , Strambo Davide , Georgiopoulos Georgios , Eskandari Ashraf , Karagkiozi Efstathia , Vemmou Anastasia , Koroboki Eleni , Manios Efstathios , Makaritsis Konstantinos , Vemmos Konstantinos , Michel Patrik , Ntaios George 
Published: March 2020

Background and aims Patients with embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS) usually present with mild symptoms. We aimed to compare the baseline characteristics between mild and severe ESUS, identify predictors for severe ESUS, and assess outcomes of patients with severe ESUS. Methods In the AF-ESUS (AF-ESUS) dataset, we stratified ESUS severity using the median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission as cut-off. We performed multivariable stepwise regression analyses to identify independent predictors of severe ESUS and to assess the association between ESUS severity and stroke recurrence, death, and new incident atrial fibrillation (AF) on follow-up. The 10-year cumulative probabilities of outcome incidence were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier product limit method. Results In 772 patients (median NIHSS: 6 (interquartile range: 3–12)), 414 (53.6%) patients had severe ESUS (i.e. NIHSS ≥6). Female sex was the only independent predictor for severe ESUS (odds ratio: 1.72 (1.27–2.33)). The rates of recurrence (3.3%/year vs. 3.4%/year, adjusted-hazard ratio: 1.09 (0.73–1.62)) and new incident AF (13.5% vs. 17.0%, adjusted odds ratio: 0.67 (0.44–1.03)) were similar between severe and mild ESUS, but mortality was higher (5.4%/year vs. 3.7%/year, adjusted-hazard ratio: 1.51 (1.05–2.16)) in severe ESUS. The 10-year cumulative probability for stroke recurrence was similar between severe and mild ESUS (38.1% (29.2–48.6) vs. 36.6% (27.8–47.0), log-rank test: 0.01, p = 0.920). The 10-year cumulative probability of death was higher in patients with severe ESUS compared with mild ESUS (40.5% (32.5–50.0) vs. 34.0% (26.0–43.6) respectively; log-rank test: 4.54, p = 0.033). Conclusions Women have more severe ESUS compared with men. Patients with severe ESUS have similar rates of stroke recurrence and new incident AF, but higher mortality compared with mild ESUS.
Increased awareness, inadequate treatment, and poor control of cardiovascular risk factors in American young adults: 2005–2016
Authors: Kalra Rajat , Parcha Vibhu , Patel Nirav , Bhargava Anirudh , Booker Katherine S , Arora Garima , Arora Pankaj 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
There are little contemporary data about cardiovascular risk factors among young adults. We defined trends in diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia in American adults aged 18–44 years.

Methods
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Study serial cross-sectional surveys were used to define three time periods: 2005–2008, 2009–2012, and 2013–2016. Age-adjusted weighted trends of prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of DM, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia were calculated by linear regression modelling in the overall sample, males, and females. Trends were calculated after adjustment for age, race, body mass index, smoking status, education attainment, income, insurance status, and number of healthcare visits.

Results
From 2005–2008 to 2013–2016, 15,171 participants were identified. DM prevalence was stable ∼3%, hypertension prevalence was stable ∼11.0%, and hypercholesterolemia prevalence declined from 11.5% to 9.0% (ptrend = 0.02). DM awareness stayed stable between 61.1 and 74.1%, hypertension awareness increased from 68.7 to 77.7% (ptrend = 0.05), and hypercholesterolemia awareness was stable between 46.8 and 54.1%. DM and hypertension treatment improved markedly (ptrend &lt; 0.001 and 0.05, respectively) but the hypercholesterolemia treatment was stable ∼30%. DM control improved across survey periods (7.7–17.4%, ptrend = 0.04) but hypertension control (∼50%) and hypercholesterolemia control (∼13%) remained stable. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control trends also differed between males and females.

Conclusions
There is a stable prevalence of DM, high and stable prevalence of hypertension, and declining prevalence of hypercholesterolemia among young Americans. Despite stable or increasing awareness of diabetes and hypertension, there are inadequate treatment and control trends for DM, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.
Experiences of hearing aid use among patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease dementia: A qualitative study
Authors: Gregory Sarah , Billings Jo , Wilson Danielle , Livingston Gill , Schilder Anne GM , Costafreda Sergi G 
Published: March 2020

Objectives: Hearing aid usage supports communication and independence; however, many do not use their hearing aids. This study explored the experiences of hearing aid use in adults with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: Participants completed semi-structured interviews which were analysed using thematic analysis. Ten people (six males, age range 75–86 years old) with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease who had been fitted with hearing aids were recruited to the study. Results: We identified four major themes: (1) memory and other cognitive barriers to using hearing aids, (2) practical aspects of hearing aids, (3) benefits of hearing aids, and (4) ambivalence towards hearing aids. Conclusions: Participants perceived a significant impact of cognitive impairment on the experience of using hearing aids. This population may benefit from targeted strategies to support use of hearing aids. The findings from this study can inform future research to optimise use of hearing aids in this population.