bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring and assessment of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper concentrations in arable roadside soils in terms of different traffic conditions
Authors: Szwalec Artur , Mundała Paweł , Kędzior Renata , Pawlik Justyna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractQuantification of the contributions from traffic source to arable roadside soil heavy metal loadings is a challenge. The contribution depends on: traffic intensity, road type and distance from the road. At a field scale (3.9 ha), 720 topsoil samples were taken. The aim of the study was to monitor and assess the impact of regional/local roads with various conditions of traffic and period of use on the distribution of Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu in the arable roadside topsoil in their vicinity. PCA indicated the occurrence of two main gradients of 11 environmental elements influencing the distribution of heavy metals in the soils of the neighbouring land. The first gradient was associated mainly with the distance from the edge of the road. The second gradient was associated with the degree of contamination of the soils and with the road type, defined by the traffic volume and period of being use. Anova reviled lack of influence of the factors for Cu contents. Unlike Cu, for Cd, Pb and Zn, the significant impact was observed for both factors and interactions between them. The concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn, regardless of the distance from the road were 0.21–0.58 mg Cd kg−1 d.m., 13.60–41.96 mg Pb kg−1 d.m. and 40.31–63.97 mg Zn kg−1 d.m. In case of increasing distance from the road, generally the contents of Pb, Zn and Cd contents were decreasing. However, only in the case the oldest and carrying the highest traffic road was a clear, statistically significant differences noted for following distances from the road on the content of Cd, Pb and Zn. Analysis of spread gave trend curves, for Pb, Cd and Zn they were parabolas. The curves let reduce sapling distances to 65 m, 45 and 47 m for Cd, Pb and Zn, respectively.
Inertia and propulsion in general relativity: a reply to rodal
Authors: Woodward James F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn a recent issue of this journal, Rodal (Gen Relativ Gravit 51:61–84, 2019) has written an extensive critique of a novel propulsion scheme devised nearly 30 years ago (Woodward in Found Phys Lett 6:1–39, 1995; Making starships and stargates: the science of interstellar transport and absurdly benign wormholes, Springer, New York, 2012). That scheme depends on the production of rest mass fluctuations, driven in special systems, that arise when the systems are accelerated, through the interaction of the systems with the field that produces inertial forces. Following Einstein, the field that produces inertial forces is taken to be the gravitational field due chiefly to the most distant matter (everything that gravitates) in the universe. Such rest mass fluctuations in local accelerating objects, predicted using the relativistic Newtonian approximation to general relativity, are now called “Mach effects” since they depend on inertial forces in fact being gravitational forces as Ernst Mach hinted might be the case. Rodal claims that such rest mass fluctuations with significant magnitude, save in the vicinity of black holes, are not to be found in general relativity notwithstanding that they appear in the relativistic Newtonian approximation. Rodal is mistaken in this claim, as I have already explained at some length (Woodward in J Br Interplanet Soc 70:354–364, 2018). Here I recapitulate some of that material and expand some material with specific reference to his now published claims.
Do Monkeys Avoid Areas of Home Range Overlap Because They Are Dangerous? A Test of the Risk Hypothesis in White-Faced Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus capucinus)
Authors: Tórrez-Herrera Lucía L. , Davis Grace H. , Crofoot Margaret C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn social animals, areas where the home ranges of neighboring groups overlap are often underused. The Risk Hypothesis posits that the costs of intergroup conflict create a “landscape of fear,” discouraging the use of such shared areas. To test this hypothesis, we observed the behavior of white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) in central vs. peripheral areas of their home ranges. If capuchins perceive areas of home range overlap as “risky,” we predicted they would change activity budgets, vocalization rates, and foraging behavior in these areas. A spatially explicit behavioral comparison based on nearly 100 h of focal follows revealed that capuchins socialize less in the periphery (vs. the center) of their home range. Time spent resting, foraging, and engaging in vigilance, as well as vocalization rates, varied in consistent ways across all four study groups, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. Fruit trees near range borders (vs. the center) contained more ripe fruit, and groups spent more time in these trees, with more individuals entering to feed and consuming more fruits. However, capuchins did not alter their foraging behavior in potentially risky peripheral areas in a manner consistent with predictions of optimal foraging theory: intake rates at patch departure were not significantly lower and groups depleted trees to a greater extent along the periphery vs. in the center of their range. These results suggest that while peripheral areas are perceived as risky and this “landscape of fear” contributes to behavioral changes, they also provide resources whose value may outweigh the cost of intergroup encounters.
Deposition of Tungsten Thin Films by Magnetron Sputtering for Large-Scale Production of Tungsten-Based Transition-Edge Sensors
Authors: Abdelhameed A. H. , Angloher G. , Bauer P. , Bento A. , Bertoldo E. , Canonica L. , Fuchs D. , Hauff D. , Iachellini N. Ferreiro , Mancuso M. , Petricca F. , Pröbst F. , Riesch J. , Rothe J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo cope with the foreseen demand for tungsten-based TESs in the current and future phases of the CRESST experiment, we investigated the possibility to implement a reliable, simple and reproducible fabrication method using sputtering. In this contribution, we present the method under development for tungsten deposition using conventional magnetron sputtering with xenon as sputtering gas. TESs with transition temperatures ($$T_c$$Tc) down to 15 mK have been obtained with transition widths smaller than 1 mK. We also give a first assessment on the reproducibility of the process and present the potential for tuning of the $$T_c$$Tc.
Fluctuation Results for General Block Spin Ising Models
Authors: Knöpfel Holger , Löwe Matthias , Schubert Kristina , Sinulis Arthur 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study a block spin mean-field Ising model, i.e. a model of spins in which the vertices are divided into a finite number of blocks with each block having a fixed proportion of vertices, and where pair interactions are given according to their blocks. For the vector of block magnetizations we prove Large Deviation Principles and Central Limit Theorems under general assumptions for the block interaction matrix. Using the exchangeable pair approach of Stein’s method we establish a rate of convergence in the Central Limit Theorem for the block magnetization vector in the high temperature regime.
Conformity and Individuals’ Response to Information About Aggregate Turnout
Authors: Blais André , Hortala-Vallve Rafael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHow do voters react to information about aggregate turnout? Do high turnout levels mobilize or discourage citizens to vote? We argue that it depends on individuals’ degree of conformity. We argue that in addition to the classic calculus of voting, conformist voters have an added incentive to ‘follow the pack’ and vote when turnout is high while abstain when turnout is low. We conduct two separate experiments, the first a survey experiment with a representative sample of the UK population and the second a lab experiment in Canada. Both studies confirm our hypothesis. These findings highlight the importance of taking individuals’ level of conformity into account when explaining their decision to vote or abstain.
Measurement in metrology, psychology and social sciences: data generation traceability and numerical traceability as basic methodological principles applicable across sciences
Authors: Uher Jana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMeasurement creates trustworthy quantifications. But unified frameworks applicable to all sciences are still lacking and discipline-specific terms, concepts and practices hamper mutual understanding and identification of commonalities and differences. Transdisciplinary and philosophy-of-science analyses are used to compare metrologists’ structural framework of physical measurement with psychologists’ and social scientists’ fiat measurement of constructs. The analyses explore the functions that measuring instruments and measurement-executing persons in themselves fulfil in data generation processes, and identify two basic methodological principles critical for measurement. (1)Data generation traceabilityrequires that numerical assignments depend on the properties to be quantified in the study objects (object-dependence). Therefore, scientists must establish unbroken documented connection chains that directly link (via different steps) the quantitative entity to be measured in the study property with the numerical value assigned to it, thereby making the assignment process fully transparent, traceable and thus reproducible. (2)Numerical traceabilityrequires that scientists also directly link the assigned numerical value to known standards in documented and transparent ways, thereby establishing the results’ public interpretability (subject-independence). The article demonstrates how these principles can be meaningfully applied to psychical and social phenomena, considering their peculiarities and inherent limitations, revealing that not constructs in themselves but only their indicators (proxies) can be measured. These foundational concepts allow to distinguish measurement-based quantifications from other (subjective) quantifications that may be useful for pragmatic purposes but lack epistemic authority, which is particularly important for applied (e.g., legal, clinical) contexts. They also highlight new avenues for establishing transparency and replicability in empirical sciences.
Entrepreneurial ecosystems: a dynamic lifecycle model
Authors: Cantner Uwe , Cunningham James A. , Lehmann Erik E. , Menter Matthias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems has been used as a framework to explain entrepreneurial activities within regions and industrial sectors. Despite the usefulness of this approach, the concept is under-theorized, especially with regard to the evolution of entrepreneurial ecosystems. The current literature is lacking a theoretical foundation that addresses the development and change of entrepreneurial ecosystems over time and does not consider the inherent dynamics of entrepreneurial ecosystems that lead to their birth, growth, maturity, decline, and re-emergence. Taking an industry lifecycle perspective, this paper addresses this research gap by elaborating a dynamic entrepreneurial ecosystem lifecycle model. We propose that an ecosystem transitions from an entrepreneurial ecosystem, with a focus on new firm creation, towards a business ecosystem, with a core focus on the internal commercialization of knowledge, i.e., intrapreneurial activities, and vice versa. Our dynamic model thus captures the oscillation that occurs among entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs through the different phases of an ecosystem’s lifecycle. Our dynamic lifecycle model may thus serve as a starting point for future empirical studies focusing on ecosystems and provide the basis for a further understanding of the interrelatedness between and co-existence of new and incumbent firms.
Quasi-realism and normative certitude
Authors: Björkholm Stina , Bykvist Krister , Olson Jonas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractJust as we can be more or less certain that there is extraterrestrial life or that Goldbach’s conjecture is correct, we can be more or less certain about normative matters, such as whether euthanasia is permissible or whether utilitarianism is true. However, accommodating the phenomenon of degrees of normative certitude is a difficult challenge for non-cognitivist and expressivist views, according to which normative judgements are desire-like attitudes rather than beliefs (Smith, in: Evaluation, Uncertainty, and Motivation. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 5: 305–320, 2002). Several attempts have been made on behalf of non-cognitivism and expressivism to meet the challenge (Lenman in: Non-cognitivism and the dimensions of evaluative judgment, Brown Electronic Article Review Service, 2003; Ridge in Synthese 2003.10.1007/s11229-018-1884-7; Ridge in: Shafer-Landau (ed) Studies in metaethics, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007; Sepielli in Philos Stud 160: 191–207, 2012; Eriksson and Francén Olinder in Aust J Philos 94: 719–735, 2016). These attempts have all been found wanting (Bykvist and Olson in Philos Q 59:202–215, 2009, Aust J Philos 95:794–799, 2017; Bykvist and Olson 2012). Michael Ridge has recently offered a quasi-realist solution, according to which expressivists can say exactly what cognitivists say about certitude, including normative certitude. In this paper, we explain the basic problem and Ridge’s quasi-realist solution. We then argue that the quasi-realist account of normative certitude faces severe difficulties that do not arise for cognitivist accounts, according to which normative judgements are beliefs.
Eco-dialysis: fashion or necessity
Authors: Wieliczko Monika , Zawierucha Jacek , Covic Adrian , Prystacki Tomasz , Marcinkowski Wojciech , Małyszko Jolanta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHemodialysis (HD) is one of the resource hungry medical interventions. A huge volume of water (about 500 L) and significant amounts of energy (over 7 kW) are used for a hemodialysis session; over a kilogram of waste is produced during this procedure. Thus, HD contributes to global warming while saving patients’ lives. In this paper, we showed these crucial points in HD treatment and possible ways (e.g. modifications in dialysate flow rate) to reduce environmental impact maintaining therapy standards.
The art of crafting a systematic literature review in entrepreneurship research
Authors: Kraus Sascha , Breier Matthias , Dasí-Rodríguez Sonia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSystematic literature reviews are an increasingly used review methodology to synthesize the existing body of literature in a field. However, editors complain about a high number of desk rejections because of a lack in quality. Poorly developed review articles are not published because of a perceived lack of contribution to the field. Our article supports authors of standalone papers and graduate students in the Entrepreneurship domain to write contribution-focused systematic reviews e.g. by providing a concrete guideline. Our article analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of a systematic literature review and how they can be overcome. Furthermore, we provide a combined list of highly ranked journals in the Entrepreneurship domain as a basis for quality appraisal. Finally, this article builds a scenario for the future of the systematic literature review methodology and shows how technological improvements have changed this methodology and what can be achieved in the future.
Considering Gender-Biased Assumptions in Evolutionary Biology
Authors: Ahnesjö Ingrid , Brealey Jaelle C. , Günter Katerina P. , Martinossi-Allibert Ivain , Morinay Jennifer , Siljestam Mattias , Stångberg Josefine , Vasconcelos Paula 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMany organisms studied by evolutionary biologists have different sexes, and the evolution of separate sexes and sexual dimorphisms in morphology and behaviour are central questions in evolutionary biology. Considering scientists to be embedded in a social and cultural context, we are also subjected to the risk of gender-biased assumptions and stereotypical thinking to appear when working on topics related to sexual reproduction and sexual dimorphism. Here we present, for continued discussion, a set of good-practice guidelines aimed at (1) helping to improve researchers’ awareness of gender-biased assumptions underlying language use, generalizations, and interpretation of observations; and (2) providing recommendations to increase transparency, avoid problematic terminology, and improve study designs.
Toward Actionable Practice Parameters for “Dual Diagnosis”: Principles of Assessment and Management for Co-Occurring Psychiatric and Intellectual/Developmental Disability
Authors: Constantino John N. , Strom Shae , Bunis Michael , Nadler Cy , Rodgers Teresa , LePage Julia , Cahalan Connie , Stockreef Amber , Evans Lucas , Jones Rachel , Wilson Alyssa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewAlthough treatment algorithms and parameters for best practice are readily available for all major syndromes of psychiatric impairment, the occurrence of psychiatric syndromes in individuals with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) invokes serious contextual challenges for interpretation of symptoms, diagnosis, and optimization of treatment, both for clinicians and for the service sectors in which care and support of individuals with IDD are delivered. Recognizing that there exist very few definitive resources for best practice under the circumstance of this form of “dual diagnosis,” the Missouri Department of Mental Health convened an expert panel to conduct a focused review and synthesis of the relevant scientific literature from which to develop guidance in the form of decision support to clinicians. This article summarizes the findings for three of the most common and impairing clusters of psychiatric symptoms that co-occur with IDD—aggression, depression, and addictions.Recent FindingsIndividuals with IDD are at high risk for the development of psychiatric symptoms (PS), which often manifest uniquely in IDD and for which evidence for effective intervention is steadily accruing.SummaryInterventions that are commonly implemented in the IDD service sector (e.g., functional communication training and positive behavioral support planning) are capable of mitigating severe behavioral impairment, yet rarely invoked when dual diagnosis patients are seen in the psychiatric service sector. Conversely, state-of-the-art interventions for traumatic stress, pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapy have proven capable of improving behavioral impairments in IDD but are typically restricted to the psychiatric service sector, where there exist significant barriers to access for patients with IDD, including limitations imposed by diagnostic eligibility and practitioner experience. Bridging these gaps in knowledge and clinical capacity across the respective IDD and PS service sectors should be of very high priority in strategizing the care and support of IDD patients with serious co-occurring psychiatric conditions.
Preparation and Irreversible Inhibition Mechanism Insight into a Recombinant Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor from Glycine max L. Seeds
Authors: Xu Yanji , Zhang Panpan , Liu Xiao , Wang Zhike , Li Suxia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSoybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (SKTI), extracted from soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds, possesses insect resistance and anti-tumor properties. But its specific mechanisms of action are not yet known. This article reports an efficient method to produce recombinant SKTI (rSKTI) in Escherichia coli, reveals some biochemical properties of rSKTI, and discusses the inhibition mechanism of SKTI. The rSKTI was expressed as inclusion body in E. coli BL21 (DE3). After refolding, the active rSKTI was obtained and was further purified with anion-exchange chromatography (DEAE-FF) efficiently. There were similar biochemical properties between SKTI and rSKTI. The optimum pH and the optimum temperature were pH 8.0 and 35 °C, respectively, being stable during pH 7.0–11.0 and below 37 °C. The activity against trypsin was inhibited by Co2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Al3+, and epoxy chloropropane. Inhibition kinetic assay of SKTI against trypsin as Lineweaver-Burk plots analysis both showed an unchanged Km and a decreased Vmax with N-benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) as substrate. Molecular modeling showed Arg63 of SKTI (active residue of SKTI) that interacts with four residues of trypsin, including three catalytic site (His57, Asp102, and Ser195) and one binding site (Asp189), forming five interactions. These provide reference for understanding the inhibition mechanism of such kind of Kunitz trypsin inhibitors.
Self-assembly of cellular micro-bio machine parts
Authors: Fahrunnida  , Sayekti Puspa Restu , Nuhamunada Matin , Suyono Eko Agus , Alam Parvez 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper focusses on intra- and inter-species connections between diatoms; hard bioglass microalgae that adhere through the secretion of sticky extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). We identify entirely new diatom attachment mechanisms, and the associated structures that develop from them. Further, we consider these findings in light of potential strategies for the self-assembled manufacture of micro-bio machine parts, and discuss their possible first-order end uses.
ENRICHME: Perception and Interaction of an Assistive Robot for the Elderly at Home
Authors: Coşar Serhan , Fernandez-Carmona Manuel , Agrigoroaie Roxana , Pages Jordi , Ferland François , Zhao Feng , Yue Shigang , Bellotto Nicola , Tapus Adriana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent technological advances enabled modern robots to become part of our daily life. In particular, assistive robotics emerged as an exciting research topic that can provide solutions to improve the quality of life of elderly and vulnerable people. This paper introduces the robotic platform developed in the ENRICHME project, with particular focus on its innovative perception and interaction capabilities. The project’s main goal is to enrich the day-to-day experience of elderly people at home with technologies that enable health monitoring, complementary care, and social support. The paper presents several modules created to provide cognitive stimulation services for elderly users with mild cognitive impairments. The ENRICHME robot was tested in three pilot sites around Europe (Poland, Greece, and UK) and proven to be an effective assistant for the elderly at home.