bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons learned while protecting wild chimpanzees in West Africa
Authors: Boesch Christophe , Gotanegre Arnaud , Hillers Annika , Kouassi Joseph , Boesch Hedwige , Kizila Pacifique , Normand Emmanuelle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThough human activities are postulated to be the main drivers of the worldwide biodiversity crisis, humans are also suggested by some to be an important part of the solution to the crisis. How can such a paradox be best solved? This paradox requires an adaptive, context‐specific, dynamic solution, at a fine‐grained scale that varies by location. The Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF) works on the ground in three West African countries: In Côte d'Ivoire, where bushmeat consumption is a recurrent and generalized threat to wildlife, WCF used live theater performances in the villages to address this issue. Post‐activity evaluations revealed that the more often individuals have been part of such awareness activities, the less they will consume bushmeat. In nearby Liberia, where illegal miners have invaded many protected areas and intact forests, the WCF supports Community Watch Teams (CWT) to patrol the Sapo National Park with Forestry Development Authority staff. Within 11 months of its creation, the CWT patrols around and in the Sapo National Park resulted in thousands of illegal miners progressively leaving the national park. In Guinea, where coexistence between humans and primates has prevailed based on religious traditions, the WCF developed a strategic approach, as the Moyen‐Bafing National Park contains about 5000 chimpanzees as well as some 255 villages. Therefore, we adopted an “integrated landscape approach” whereby the community activities are planned in combination with initiatives increasing forest regeneration and connectivity in high conservation value areas. Communities in northern Guinea confronted with dramatic fluctuations due to climatic changes welcomed such activities that help them become more resilient and adaptable to those alterations. In conclusion, evidence‐based information at the local level helps to resolve the conservation paradox by adapting with the local communities' context‐specific dynamic approaches to enhance the conservation of great apes.
Rückgrat‐verknüpfte Liganden erhöhen die Vielfalt in heteroleptischen Koordinationskäfigen
Authors: Wu Kai , Zhang Bo , Drechsler Christoph , Holstein Julian J. , Clever Guido H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDie Kombination von formkomplementären, bis‐monodentaten Liganden LA und LB mit PdII‐Kationen erlaubt das Selbstsortieren heteroleptischer Käfige der Formel cis‐[Pd2LA2LB2]. Wir berichten, wie solche Gebilde durch die Einführung kovalenter Brücken zwischen den Rückgraten zweier LA‐Einheiten diversifiziert werden können. Durch Lösungsmittel‐ und Gasteffekte wird gezeigt, dass die Flexibilität dieser Brücken die Zahl an Metallionen und Hohlräumen sowie die Topologie von vier Produkten bestimmt. Der Ligand LA1 mit flexiblem Linker reagiert in CH3CN mit seinem LB‐Pendant zu einem vierkernigen Dimer (D1). In DMSO wird ein dreikerniger Pseudotetraeder T1 gebildet. Das Produkt von starrem LA2 mit LB ähnelt D1, jedoch mit rotierter Ligandanordnung (D2). In Gegenwart eines Gastes wandelt sich D2 in Prisma P2 um. Wir zeigen, wie die Steuerung des Koordinationsmodus eines Liganden strukturelle Differenzierung auslösen und somit die Komplexität in der Metall‐vermittelten Selbstassemblierung erhöhen kann.
Spin‐Crossover Properties of an Iron(II) Coordination Nanohoop
Authors: Heras Ojea María José , Van Raden Jeff M. , Louie Shayan , Collins Richard , Pividori Daniel , Cirera Jordi , Meyer Karsten , Jasti Ramesh , Layfield Richard A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAddition of the bipyridyl‐embedded cycloparaphenylene nanohoop bipy[9]CPP to [Fe{H2B(pyz)2}] (pyz=pyrazolyl) produces the distorted octahedral complex [Fe(bipy[9]CPP){H2B(pyz)2}2] (1). The molecular structure of 1 shows that the nanohoop ligand contains a non‐planar bipy unit. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate spin‐crossover (SCO) behaviour with a T1/2 of 130 K, lower than that of 160 K observed with the related compound [Fe(bipy){H2B(pyz)2}2] (2), which contains a conventional bipy ligand. A computational study of 1 and 2 reveals that the curvature of the nanohoop leads to the different SCO properties, suggesting that the SCO behaviour of iron(II) can be tuned by varying the size and diameter of the nanohoop.
Oxidative Kinetic Resolution of Cyclic Benzylic Ethers
Authors: Sun Shutao , Ma Yingang , Liu Ziqiang , Liu Lei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA manganese‐catalyzed oxidative kinetic resolution of cyclic benzylic ethers through asymmetric C(sp3)−H oxidation is reported. The practical approach is applicable to a wide range of 1,3‐dihydroisobenzofurans bearing diverse functional groups and substituent patterns at the α position with extremely efficient enantiodiscrimination. The generality of the strategy was further demonstrated by efficient oxidative kinetic resolution of another type of five‐membered cyclic benzylic ether, 2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans, and six‐membered 6H‐benzo[c]chromenes. Direct late‐stage oxidative kinetic resolution of bioactive molecules that are otherwise difficult to access was further explored.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Boron‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons via 1,4‐Boron Migration
Authors: Zhang Jin‐Jiang , Tang Man‐Chung , Fu Yubin , Low Kam‐Hung , Ma Ji , Yang Lin , Weigand Jan J. , Liu Junzhi , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah , Feng Xinliang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate a novel one‐pot synthetic method towards a series of boron‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (B‐PAHs, 1 a–1 o), including hitherto unknown B‐doped zethrene derivatives, from ortho‐aryl substituted diarylalkynes with high atom efficiency and broad substrate scopes. A reaction mechanism is proposed based on the experimental investigation together with the theoretical calculations, which involves a unique 1,4‐boron migration process. The resultant benchtop‐stable B‐PAHs are thoroughly investigated by X‐ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry, UV/Vis absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopies. The blue and green organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices based on 1 f and 1 k are further fabricated, demonstrating the promising application potential of B‐PAHs in organic optoelectronics.
Geometry‐Directed Self‐Assembly of Polymeric Molecular Frameworks
Authors: Yan Xiao‐Yun , Guo Qing‐Yun , Lin Zhiwei , Liu Xian‐You , Yuan Jun , Wang Jing , Wang Haomin , Liu Yuchu , Su Zebin , Liu Tong , Huang Jiahao , Zhang Ruimeng , Wang Yicong , Huang Mingjun , Zhang Wei , Cheng Stephen Z. D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite the significant advances in creating assembled structures from polymers, engineering the assembly of polymeric materials into framework structures remains an outstanding challenge. In this work, we present a facile strategy to construct polymeric molecular frameworks through the assembly of T‐shape polymer‐rod‐sphere amphiphiles in the bulk state. Various frameworks are yielded as a result of delicate interplays among three components of the T‐shape amphiphiles. The internal structure of frameworks was revealed by combining experimental investigations and computational simulations. The frameworks display good solution‐processability, thermal stability, and uniform pore‐forming capability, which endow the resultant frameworks with great potential in scalable fabrications.
Surfactant‐Induced Interfacial Aggregation of Porphyrins for Structuring Color‐Tunable Liquids
Authors: Gu Pei‐Yang , Xie Ganhua , Kim Paul Y. , Chai Yu , Wu Xuefei , Jiang Yufeng , Xu Qing‐Feng , Liu Feng , Lu Jian‐Mei , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLocking nonequilibrium shapes of liquids into targeted architectures by interfacial jamming of nanoparticles is an emerging area in material science. 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (H6TPPS) shows three different aggregation states that present an absorption imaging platform to monitor the assembly and jamming of supramolecular polymer surfactants (SPSs) at the liquid/liquid interface. The interfacial interconversion of H6TPPS, specifically H4TPPS2− dissolved in water, from J‐ to an H‐aggregation was induced by strong electrostatic interactions with amine‐terminated polystyrene dissolved in toluene at the water/toluene interface. This resulted in color‐tunable liquids due to interfacial jamming of the SPSs formed between H4TPPS2− and amine‐terminated polystyrene. However, the formed SPSs cannot lock in nonequilibrium shapes of liquids. In addition, a self‐wrinkling behavior was observed when amphiphilic triblock copolymers of PS‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine)‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) were used to interact with H4TPPS2−. Subsequently, the SPSs formed can lock in nonequilibrium shapes of liquids.
Highly Robust Iron Catalyst System for Intramolecular C(sp3)−H Amidation Leading to γ‐Lactams
Authors: Kweon Jeonguk , Chang Sukbok 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDisclosed here is the use of an iron catalyst system for an intramolecular C−H amidation toward γ‐lactam synthesis from dioxazolone precursors. (Phthalocyanine)FeIIICl was found to catalyze this cyclization with extremely high turnover numbers of up to 47 000 under mild and aerobic conditions. On the basis of experimental and computational mechanistic studies, the reaction is suggested to proceed by a stepwise radical pathway involving fast hydrogen atom abstraction followed by radical rebound. A plausible origin for the high turnover numbers along with air‐compatibility is also rationalized.
Combining a Titanium–Organic Cage and a Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Cage for Highly Effective Third‐Order Nonlinear Optics
Authors: He Yan‐Ping , Chen Guang‐Hui , Li De‐Jing , Li Qiao‐Hong , Zhang Lei , Zhang Jian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany metal–organic cages (MOCs) and a few hydrogen‐bonded organic cages (HOCs) have been investigated, but little is reported about cooperative self‐assembly of MOCs and HOCs. Herein, we describe an unprecedented MOC&HOC co‐crystal composed of tetrahedral Ti4L6 (L=embonate) cages and in‐situ‐generated [(NH3)4(TIPA)4] (TIPA=tris(4‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)phenyl)amine) cages. Chiral transfer is observed from the enantiopure Ti4L6 cage to enantiopure [(NH3)4(TIPA)4] cage. Two homochiral supramolecular frameworks with opposite handedness (PTC‐235(Δ) and PTC‐235(Λ)) are formed. Such MOC&HOC co‐crystal features high stability in water and other solvents, affording single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation to trap CH3CN molecules and identify disordered NH4+ cations. A tablet pressing method is developed to test the third‐order nonlinear optical property of KBr‐based PTC‐235 thin film. Such a thin film exhibits an excellent optical limiting effect.
Ionic liquid assisted polyetheretherketone‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites: An environmentally friendly approach
Authors: Ahmad Aqeel , Mahmood Hamayoun , Mansor Nurlidia , Iqbal Tanveer , Moniruzzaman Muhammad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReinforcement of PEEK by nanoparticles such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), is a promising technique to prepare PEEK nanocomposites with improved properties for promising biomedical applications. However, proper dispersion of MWCNTs in the polymer matrices is a primary processing challenge. The present study reports a novel and environmentally beneficial approach for homogeneous dispersion of MWCNT in PEEK by using ionic liquid (IL) 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([EMIM][HSO4]). Neat PEEK, PEEK‐MWCNTs (using conventional organic solvent dimethylformamide), and PEEK‐MWCNTs‐IL (using [EMIM][HSO4]) nanocomposites were fabricated via melt‐compounding and compression molding techniques. The fabricated composites were characterized for morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties and compared to those of neat PEEK and PEEK‐MWCNTs. Ionic liquid provoked proficient dispersion of the MWCNTs in PEEK, as confirmed by FESEM and optical micrographs. The thermal stability of PEEK‐MWCNTs‐IL composite was significantly superior to that of the neat PEEK and PEEK‐MWCNTs. Analysis of tensile strength and nanoindentation depicted that the modulus of elasticity of PEEK‐MWNCTs‐IL was significantly increased by 76% as compared to that of neat PEEK. We believe that the present work could provide a new and green platform for the manufacturing of PEEK nanocomposites with enhanced dispersion of nanofillers for biomedical applications.
Polyvinyl butyral‐zirconia hybrid hollow fibers prepared by air gap spinning
Authors: Bhuiyan Anamul Hoque , Nagakawa Takuma , Nakane Koji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, an air gap spinning method was adopted to develop polyvinyl butyral (PVB)‐zirconium (Zr) hybrid hollow fibers. With zirconium alkoxide, three kinds of PVB with different degree of acetalization were used as organic polymers. The morphologies, surface Zr content and relative bonding inside the hollow fibers were characterized by changing coagulation solution concentration, spinning dope viscosity and air gap distance. The effect of Zr on PVB structure were examined in terms of x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results indicate that PVB spinning solution experienced good mixing mechanism at room temperature and immediately develop structural hollow fiber when extruded into coagulation fluid of Zr alkoxide by 2.0 cm air gap distance. Among other prepared fibers, fiber contained 20 wt% PVB with 2 cm air gap confirms effective average diameter of about 1016 μm which strongly influenced by spinning solution viscosity. The variation of maximum Zr content (8.18%–14.36%) confirms the asymmetry of coordinate bonding occurred on internal and external surface. Moreover, changing of spinning solution viscosity, coagulation liquid concentration and air gap can only affect the surface roughness and fiber diameter whereas no micro pores were developed in the fiber sublayers.
Causal pathways linking different flavours of ENSO with the Greater Horn of Africa short rains
Authors: MacLeod David , Graham Richard , O'Reilly Chris , Otieno George , Todd Martin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is a strong association between canonical El Niño and a wet Greater Horn of Africa (GHA) short rains. However, the link with Modoki El Niño events appears to be significantly weaker. In order to understand this, we present an analysis of observational data and idealised climate model experiments. Idealised atmospheric simulations isolate the direct influence of Pacific heating on the GHA and reveal that neither the longitudinal position nor the observed weaker magnitude of Modoki Pacific heating anomalies can explain the difference in teleconnections. The direct effect of canonical or Modoki Pacific heating patterns on the GHA is similar and neither reproduces the structure of the full GHA teleconnection: they both generate a wet‐dry dipole over the GHA instead of large‐scale single‐signed wet anomalies. Our results indicate that the strong canonical ENSO influence on GHA is indirect, mediated through its strong relationship with the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). By contrast, Modoki ENSO is uncorrelated with the IOD, resulting in weak teleconnection to GHA. Understanding these differences aids seasonal forecast interpretation, whilst their representation in models is likely a prerequisite for making accurate projections of changes in extremes over the GHA and beyond.
Characterizing the effect of substrate stiffness on the extravasation potential of breast cancer cells using a 3D microfluidic model
Authors: Azadi Shohreh , Tafazzoli Shadpour Mohammad , Warkiani Majid E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDifferent biochemical and biomechanical cues from tumor microenvironment affect the extravasation of cancer cells to distant organs; among them, the mechanical signals are poorly understood. Although the effect of substrate stiffness on the primary migration of cancer cells has been previously probed, its role in regulating the extravasation ability of cancer cells is still vague. Herein, we used a microfluidic device to mimic the extravasation of tumor cells in a 3D microenvironment containing cancer cells, endothelial cells, and the biological matrix. The microfluidic‐based extravasation model was utilized to probe the effect of substrate stiffness on the invasion ability of breast cancer cells. MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cells were cultured among substrates with different stiffness which followed by monitoring their extravasation capability through the microfluidic device. Our results demonstrated that acidic collagen at a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml promotes migration of cancer cells. Additionally, the substrate softening resulted in up to 46% reduction in the invasion of breast cancer cells. The substrate softening not only affected the number of extravasated cells but also reduced their migration distance up to 53%. We further investigated the secreted level of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and identified that there is a positive correlation between substrate stiffening, MMP9 concentration, and extravasation of cancer cells. These findings suggest that the substrate stiffness mediates the cancer cells extravasation in a microfluidic model. Changes in MMP9 level could be one of the possible underlying mechanisms which need more investigations to be addressed thoroughly.
Utility of the dual antiplatelet therapy score to guide antiplatelet therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mihatov Nino , Secemsky Eric A. , Kereiakes Dean J. , Steg Gabriel , Serruys Patrick W. , Chichareon Ply , Shen Changyu , Yeh Robert W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) score, one of the first prediction tools to attempt to uncouple bleeding and ischemic risk following percutaneous coronary intervention, can help guide antiplatelet duration after coronary intervention. Evaluating the generalizability of the score is important to understand its utility in clinical practice.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies that validated the DAPT score. A random effect meta‐analysis was performed of ischemic and bleeding risk based on DAPT score. A secondary analysis assessed the risk of longer versus shorter P2Y12 inhibitor duration on ischemic and bleeding risk in randomized controlled trials of DAPT duration.ResultsWe identified 10 patient cohorts involving 88,563 patients. Compared with a low DAPT score, a high DAPT score was associated with increased ischemic risk (RR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.41–1.87) and reduced bleeding risk (RR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70–0.92). In three randomized trials of DAPT duration that contained information on the DAPT score, the relative risk of net adverse clinical events (combined ischemic and bleeding events) with longer duration of DAPT was 1.56 (95% CI: 0.77–3.19) for low DAPT score patients, and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.61–1.21) for high DAPT score patients (pinteraction = .14).ConclusionsIn this large meta‐analysis, the DAPT score consistently stratified bleeding and ischemic risk in opposing directions across several different study populations. More evaluation is needed to understand if the effect of longer DAPT duration on NACE is modified by the DAPT score in current practice.
Right atrial thrombus mimicking cardiac tumor in a neonate
Authors: Samanidis George , Kanakis Meletios , Bobos Dimitrios , Kousi Theofili , Dimitropoulou Maria , Karafotia Afroditi , Sofianidou Ioanne , Giannopoulos Nicholas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDoes the cardiac mass should be operated in neonates? When diagnosis of cardiac tumor or mass has been made, the surgical excision should not be delayed for prevention of life‐treating complications
Impact of Particle Size Distribution on Performance of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Bläubaum Lars , Röder Fridolin , Nowak Christine , Chan Hoon Seng , Kwade Arno , Krewer Ulrike 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work reveals the impact of particle size distribution of spherical graphite active material on negative electrodes in lithium‐ion batteries. Basically all important performance parameters, i. e. charge/discharge characteristics, capacity, coulombic and energy efficiencies, cycling stability and C‐rate capability are shown to be affected by distribution shapes. A narrow distribution with smaller particles results in better cell performance than broader and coarser distributions. However, particle size reduction has a limitation as extremely small particles show negative effect in performance. More critically, independent of the particle size distribution, the existence of coarse particles are found to promote lithium plating, which lowers cell performance and threatens the safety of battery operation. Furthermore, impedance analysis and cycling stability show huge differences for different electrodes. Our study shows that a better understanding of the influence of particle size distribution is an important base to engineer electrodes with higher C‐rate capability, higher performance, and lower safety risk due to lithium plating.
Low‐Flammable Parahydrogen‐Polarized MRI Contrast Agents
Authors: Joalland Baptiste , Ariyasingha Nuwandi M. , Younes Hassan R. , Nantogma Shiraz , Salnikov Oleg G. , Chukanov Nikita V. , Kovtunov Kirill V. , Koptyug Igor V. , Gelovani Juri G. , Chekmenev Eduard Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany MRI contrast agents formed with the parahydrogen‐induced polarization (PHIP) technique exhibit biocompatible profiles. In the context of respiratory imaging with inhalable molecular contrast agents, the development of nonflammable contrast agents would nonetheless be highly beneficial for the biomedical translation of this sensitive, high‐throughput and affordable hyperpolarization technique. To this end, we assess the hydrogenation kinetics, the polarization levels and the lifetimes of PHIP hyperpolarized products (acids, ethers and esters) at various degrees of fluorine substitution. The results highlight important trends as a function of molecular structure that are instrumental for the design of new, safe contrast agents for in vivo imaging applications of the PHIP technique, with an emphasis on the highly volatile group of ethers used as inhalable anesthetics.