bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Emergency Medicine ECHO (Extension for Community Health Care Outcomes): Cultivating Connections to Improve Pediatric Emergency Care
Authors: Goldman Michael P. , Auerbach Marc A. , Garcia Angelica M. , Gross Isabel T. , Tiyyagura Gunjan K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn Extension for Community Health Care Outcomes (ECHO) provides the opportunity for specialists at academic medical centers (AMCs) and frontline community generalists to engage in bidirectional learning. Specialists provide generalists with the current best evidence, and generalists share the local challenges applying this evidence to their practice. All ECHO participants strategize how to navigate these challenges together. Pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) may benefit from this knowledge translation strategy because most children seek emergency care from generalists in community emergency departments (CEDs) where variations in care between the AMC and the CED have been reported.MethodsOur objective was to use ECHO to cultivate a PEM community of practice that facilitated knowledge translation and generated future CED pediatric improvement initiatives. As such, we developed, implemented, and evaluated a PEM ECHO. We conducted general and targeted needs assessments to inform our curriculum and formatted the sessions to generate bidirectional learning. A postparticipation evaluation collected self‐reported perceptions about knowledge translation, planned provider practice changes, and perceptions of the formation of a community of practice. Additionally, we solicited information on the implementation of any pediatric improvement activities attributed to the PEM ECHO.ResultsThirteen 1‐hour sessions covered the chosen PEM topics. Participants represented diverse CEDs, with varied experience and roles in caring for children. All respondents (13/13) appreciated the ECHO learning format, reported improved PEM knowledge, and perceived the cultivation of a community of practice. Nine (85%) individuals attributed implementation of new pediatric improvement activities to the PEM ECHO.ConclusionsOur PEM ECHO was associated with improved perceptions of PEM knowledge, cultivated a community of practice, and facilitated the implementation of CED pediatric improvement activities. The PEM ECHO’s bidirectional learning format generated new initiatives and partnerships aiming to improve the emergency care of children.
COVID‐19 Pandemic Prompts a Paradigm Shift in Global Emergency Medicine: Multidirectional Education and Remote Collaboration
Authors: Karim Naz , Rybarczyk Megan M. , Jacquet Gabrielle A. , Pousson Amelia , Aluisio Adam R. , Bilal Saadiyah , Moretti Katelyn , Douglass Katherine A , Henwood Patricia C. , Kharel Ramu , Lee J. Austin , MenkinSmith Lacey , Moresky Rachel T. , Gonzalez Marques Catalina , Myers Justin G. , O’Laughlin Kelli N. , Schmidt Jessica , Kivlehan Sean M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo date, the practice of global emergency medicine (GEM) has involved being “on the ground” supporting in‐country training of local learners, conducting research, and providing clinical care. This face‐to‐face interaction has been understood as critically important for developing partnerships and building trust. The COVID‐19 pandemic has brought significant uncertainty worldwide, including international travel restrictions of indeterminate permanence. Following the 2020 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine meeting, the Global Emergency Medicine Academy (GEMA) sought to enhance collective understanding of best practices in GEM training with a focus on multidirectional education and remote collaboration in the setting of COVID‐19. GEMA members led an initiative to outline thematic areas deemed most pertinent to the continued implementation of impactful GEM programming within the physical and technologic confines of a pandemic. Eighteen GEM practitioners were divided into four workgroups to focus on the following themes: advances in technology, valuation, climate impacts, skill translation, research/scholastic projects, and future challenges. Several opportunities were identified: broadened availability of technology such as video conferencing, Internet, and smartphones; online learning; reduced costs of cloud storage and printing; reduced carbon footprint; and strengthened local leadership. Skills and knowledge bases of GEM practitioners, including practicing in resource‐poor settings and allocation of scarce resources, are translatable domestically. The COVID‐19 pandemic has accelerated a paradigm shift in the practice of GEM, identifying a previously underrecognized potential to both strengthen partnerships and increase accessibility. This time of change has provided an opportunity to enhance multidirectional education and remote collaboration to improve global health equity.
Seasonal nutrient partitioning and uptake in hybrid carrot seed production
Authors: Moore Amber D. , Spring John F. , Jeliazkova Ekaterina A. , Wilson Tracy L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCentral Oregon is an important production region for hybrid carrot (Daucus carota L.) seed. Hybrid carrots are favored by the fresh vegetable market, but often produce lower and less consistent seed yields than traditional open‐pollinated varieties. Understanding how hybrid carrots use nutrients to support seed production for hybrid varieties can help growers manage soil fertility for optimal seed yield. The objective of this research was to evaluate seasonal nutrient partitioning and uptake in a modern Nantes‐type hybrid carrot grown for seed. Plants from four randomized replicated plots in two commercial fields were destructively sampled throughout the growing season, separated into roots, tops, and umbels; seed samples were collected at harvest. Plant samples were weighed and dried for biomass content and analyzed for N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, and B concentration. Mean whole plant nutrient uptake at crop maturity for N, P2O5, K2O, S, Ca, Mg, and Na was 137, 35, 229, 16, 105, 38, and 25 kg ha−1, respectively; Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, and B uptake was 156, 1,984, 414, 35, and 305 g ha−1, respectively. Our findings highlighted the critical need for Cu in initial crop establishment, for N, K, Zn, and Fe in crown development, and for P and Zn in seed development, based on nutrient uptake proportion relative to the other nutrients taken up during that period. This information is available as a resource to agronomists, crop advisors, and growers who are interested in optimizing nutrient management practices for hybrid carrot seed production.
Structural insights into peptide self‐assembly using photo‐induced crosslinking experiments and discontinuous molecular dynamics
Authors: Bunce Samuel J. , Wang Yiming , Radford Sheena E. , Wilson Andrew J. , Hall Carol K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDetermining the structure of the (oligomeric) intermediates that form during the self‐assembly of amyloidogenic peptides is challenging because of their heterogeneous and dynamic nature. Thus, there is need for methodology to analyze the underlying molecular structure of these transient species. In this work, a combination of fluorescence quenching, photo‐induced crosslinking (PIC) and molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the assembly of a synthetic amyloid‐forming peptide, Aβ16‐22. A PIC amino acid containing a trifluormethyldiazirine (TFMD) group—Fmoc(TFMD)Phe—was incorporated into the sequence (Aβ*16–22). Electrospray ionization ion‐mobility spectrometry mass‐spectrometry (ESI‐IMS‐MS) analysis of the PIC products confirmed that Aβ*16–22 forms assemblies with the monomers arranged as anti‐parallel, in‐register β‐strands at all time points during the aggregation assay. The assembly process was also monitored separately using fluorescence quenching to profile the fibril assembly reaction. The molecular picture resulting from discontinuous molecule dynamics simulations showed that Aβ16‐22 assembles through a single‐step nucleation into a β‐sheet fibril in agreement with these experimental observations. This study provides detailed structural insights into the Aβ16‐22 self‐assembly processes, paving the way to explore the self‐assembly mechanism of larger, more complex peptides, including those whose aggregation is responsible for human disease.
Optimal loading for injection
Authors: Swan James W. , Winslow Samuel W. , Tisdale William A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe injection of fluids loaded with a precise number of particles, polymers, and other solutes is common in many areas of chemical engineering. By definition, injection of these fluids is meant to occur over the shortest possible duration. This raises the question that is answered in this note: At what concentration should a fluid be loaded in order to inject that fluid fastest? A similar question has been addressed for flows of Newtonian fluids in biophysical and physiological studies. We generalize that analysis. We show for Newtonian fluids containing a single suspended component that the optimal loading is determined from a common tangent construction for the viscosity as a function of concentration. We extend this formulation to describe optimal injection of a multicomponent Newtonian fluid. Additionally, we study the injection problem for a simple, model non‐Newtonian fluid carrying a single suspended component. Finally, we discuss applications for optimally loaded injections.
Promoted absorption of CO at high temperature by cuprous‐based ternary deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Tao Duan‐Jian , Qu Feng , Li Zhang‐Min , Zhou Yan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAchieving efficient dissolution of carbon monoxide (CO) in the solvent is very helpful for the implementation of carbonylation reaction at ambient pressure. However, almost all of common solvents show very low solubilities of CO at high temperature. Herein, a series of cuprous‐based ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) was prepared by mixing imidazolium hydrochloride with CuCl and ZnCl2. The ternary DES [BimH]Cl‐CuCl‐1.0ZnCl2 exhibited very large CO absorption capacity (0.075 mol mol−1, 1 bar) even at a high temperature (353.2 K), which is superior to all of the reported absorbents. Moreover, the ternary DES [BimH]Cl‐CuCl‐1.0ZnCl2 could further promote the reactive absorption of CO to conduct the aminocarbonylation reaction effortlessly at ambient pressure, and thus the targeted products benzamides were obtained in 70–97 yields. We believe that this finding opens a new way to design advanced solvents for efficient capture of CO at high temperature.
Specialized cockroach pollination in the rare and endangered plant Vincetoxicum hainanense in China
Authors: Xiong Wujian , Ollerton Jeff , Liede‐Schumann Sigrid , Zhao Wanyi , Jiang Qiancai , Sun Hongmei , Liao Wenbo , You Wenhui 
Published: October 2020

PremiseSpecies of Apocynaceae are pollinated by a diverse assemblage of animals. Here we report the first record of specialized cockroach pollination in the family, involving an endangered climbing vine species, Vincetoxicum hainanense in China. Experiments were designed to provide direct proof of cockroach pollination and compare the effectiveness of other flower visitors.MethodsWe investigated the reproductive biology, pollination ecology, pollinaria removal, pollinia insertion, and fruit set following single visits by the most common insects. In addition, we reviewed reports of cockroaches as pollinators of other plants and analyzed the known pollination systems in Vincetoxicum in a phylogenetic context.ResultsThe small, pale green flowers of V. hainanense opened during the night. The flowers were not autogamous, but were self‐compatible. Flower visitors included beetles, flies, ants and bush crickets, but the most effective pollinator was the cockroach Blattella bisignata, the only visitor that carried pollen between plants. Less frequent and effective pollinators are ants and Carabidae. Plants in this genus are predominantly pollinated by flies, moths and wasps.ConclusionsGlobally, only 11 plant species are known to be cockroach‐pollinated. Because their range of floral features encompass similarities and differences, defining a “cockroach pollination syndrome” is difficult. One commonality is that flowers are often visited by insects other than cockroaches, such as beetles, that vary in their significance as pollinators. Cockroach pollination is undoubtedly more widespread than previously thought and requires further attention.
Inherited intragenic PBX1 deletion: Expanding the phenotype
Authors: Fitzgerald Kristi K. , Powell‐Hamilton Nina , Shillingford Amanda J. , Robinson Bradley , Gripp Karen W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPBX1 encodes the pre‐B cell leukemia homeobox transcription factor, a three amino acid loop extension (TALE) homeodomain transcription factor, which forms nuclear complexes with other TALE class homeodomain proteins that ultimately regulate target genes controlling organ patterning during embryogenesis. Heterozygous de novo pathogenic variants in PBX1 resulting in haploinsufficiency are associated with congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract, most commonly renal hypoplasia, as well as anomalies involving the external ear, branchial arch, heart, and genitalia, and they cause intellectual disability and developmental delay. Affected individuals described thus far have had de novo variants. Here, we report three related individuals with an inherited pathogenic intragenic PBX1 deletion with variable clinical features typical for this syndrome.
A new case of osteogenesis imperfecta type VIII and retinal detachment
Authors: de Souza Liliane Todeschini , Nunes Ricardo Rodrigues , de Azevedo Magalhães Otavio , Maria Félix Têmis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type VIII (OMIM: 610915) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by white sclerae, severe growth deficiency, and bone fragility. This condition results from pathogenic variants of P3H1, a gene that codes for P3H1, an important protein involved in the prolyl‐3‐hydroxylation complex required for collagen type I folding. Here, we described a woman with OI type VIII due to a homozygous mutation of c.1914+1G>C (NM_001243246.1) in P3H1 and retinal detachment. We compared our case to five severe OI and retinal detachment cases reported in the literature. The only case previously reported with a molecular diagnosis had a similar mutation in P3H1 c.1914+1G>A and a giant retinal detachment. We suggest that individuals with OI type VIII should be submitted to careful fundoscopic examination.
Retinal Thickness Predicts the Risk of Cognitive Decline in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Murueta‐Goyena Ane , Del Pino Rocío , Galdós Marta , Arana Begoña , Acera Marian , Carmona‐Abellán Mar , Fernández‐Valle Tamara , Tijero Beatriz , Lucas‐Jiménez Olaia , Ojeda Natalia , Ibarretxe‐Bilbao Naroa , Peña Javier , Cortes Jesus , Ayala Unai , Barrenechea Maitane , Gómez‐Esteban Juan Carlos , Gabilondo Iñigo 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to analyze longitudinal changes of retinal thickness and their predictive value as biomarkers of disease progression in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD).MethodsPatients with Lewy body diseases were enrolled and prospectively evaluated at 3 years, including patients with iPD (n = 42), dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 4), E46K‐SNCA mutation carriers (n = 4), and controls (n = 17). All participants underwent Spectralis retinal optical coherence tomography and Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score was obtained in patients. Macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer complex (GCIPL) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness reduction rates were estimated with linear mixed models. Risk ratios were calculated to evaluate the association between baseline GCIPL and pRNFL thicknesses and the risk of subsequent cognitive and motor worsening, using clinically meaningful cutoffs.ResultsGCIPL thickness in the parafoveal region (1‐ to 3‐mm ring) presented the largest reduction rate. The annualized atrophy rate was 0.63μm in iPD patients and 0.23μm in controls (p < 0.0001). iPD patients with lower parafoveal GCIPL and pRNFL thickness at baseline presented an increased risk of cognitive decline at 3 years (relative risk [RR] = 3.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10–11.1, p = 0.03 and RR = 3.28, 95% CI = 1.03–10.45, p = 0.045, respectively). We did not identify significant associations between retinal thickness and motor deterioration.InterpretationOur results provide evidence of the potential use of optical coherence tomography–measured parafoveal GCIPL thickness to monitor neurodegeneration and to predict the risk of cognitive worsening over time in iPD. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:165–176
Autonomous Transient pH Flips Shaped by Layered Compartmentalization of Antagonistic Enzymatic Reactions
Authors: Fan Xinlong , Walther Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTransient signaling orchestrates complex spatiotemporal behaviour in living organisms via (bio)chemical reaction networks (CRNs). Compartmentalization of signal processing is an important aspect for controlling such networks. However, artificial CRNs mostly focus on homogeneous solutions to program autonomous self‐assembling systems, which limits their accessible behaviour and tuneability. Here, we introduce layered compartments housing antagonistic pH‐modulating enzymes and demonstrate that transient pH signals in a supernatant solution can be programmed based on spatial delays. This overcomes limitations of activity mismatches of antagonistic enzymes in solution and allows to flexibly program acidic and alkaline pH lifecycles beyond the possibilities of homogeneous solutions. Lag time, lifetime, and the pH minima and maxima can be precisely programmed by adjusting spatial and kinetic conditions. We integrate these spatially controlled pH flips with switchable peptides, furnishing time‐programmed self‐assemblies and hydrogel material system.
A Design Principle for Polar Assemblies with C3‐Sym Bowl‐Shaped π‐Conjugated Molecules
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Guo Yuan , He Dan , Komiya Jouji , Watanabe Go , Ogaki Takuya , Wang Chengyuan , Nihonyanagi Atsuko , Inuzuka Hiroyuki , Gong Hao , Yi Yuanping , Takimiya Kazuo , Hashizume Daisuke , Miyajima Daigo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPolar materials attract wide research interest due to their unique properties, such as ferroelectricity and the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE), which are not accessible with nonpolar materials. However, in general, rationally designing polar materials is difficult because nonpolar materials are more favorable in terms of dipole‐dipole interactions. Here, we report a rational strategy to form polar assemblies with bowl‐shaped π‐conjugated molecules and a molecular design principle for this strategy. We synthesized and thoroughly characterized 12 single crystals with the help of various theoretical calculations. Furthermore, we demonstrated that it can be possible to predict whether polar assemblies become more favorable or not by estimating their lattice energies. We believe that this study contributes to the development of organic polar materials and their related studies.
Ionization–liquid‐crystalline polymer synergistically reinforced poly(ethylene terephthalate) due to interfacial compatibilization by ion–dipole interactions
Authors: Tian Yuanfu , Yang Yehua , Tan Jinqiang , Ding Dachuan , Song Zhiyuan , Tao Qian , Zheng Xuan , Hu Tao , Gong Xinghou , Wu Chonggang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo enhance the compatibility of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) composite, thereby mechanically strengthening the PET matrix, an optimally compatibilized composite of chain‐extended and ‐carboxylated PET ionomer and poly(4‐hydroxybenzoic acid–ran–6‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid) (HBA–HNA) was successfully prepared. Upon PET carboxylated chain extension with pyromellitic dianhydride and subsequent ionization with Zn(OH)2, the compatibility of the composite was distinctly improved, as verified by the refined dispersed‐phase morphology, increased number of refined HBA–HNA fibrils, reduced crystallinity, and improved complex viscosity. Compared with PET, the optimally compatibilized composite displayed a 70.1 and 148.7% increase in Young's modulus and tensile strength, respectively. Tentatively mechanistically, the interfacial interaction may change from weak hydrogen bonding to strong ion–dipole interactions due to the introduction of ionic groups, which remarkably boosts the interfacial compatibility, thereby achieving synergistic effects of the ionization and HBA–HNA inclusion to maximally strengthen PET. It seems that the synergistic ionization/LCP inclusion by a one‐pot method establishes a promising preparation approach to commercial PET engineering resins.
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes filled thermoplastic vulcanizate dielectric elastomer with excellent resilience properties via inhibiting MWCNT network formation
Authors: Ma Lifeng , Hu Jiajia , Dou Rui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMultiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) filled thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) dielectric elastomer based on polypropylene (PP)/ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer blends were fabricated via a simple melt compounding. MWCNT could be selectively distributed in PP matrix which induced by the dynamic vulcanization reaction. By reducing the rotor speed of melting blending to 60 rpm, the MWCNT network formation can be effectively inhibited, which have been verified by a higher volume resistivity (above 109 Ω cm). With increasing the MWCNTs loading to 4.1 vol%, a maximum increase, 423.4% (from 3.04 to 12.87), of the dielectric constant have been achieved for TPV/MWCNTs elastomer at 103 Hz, while the dielectric loss is still lower than 0.072 at 101–103 Hz. Meanwhile, with various MWCNTs loading, the tensile recovery of these series TPV elastomer does not change anymore, resulting an excellent rebound resistance. The TPV elastomer exhibits an enhanced dielectric performance and balanced elastic recovery performance, providing a simple and scalable melt compounding approach to fabricate high‐performance dielectric elastomer.
Preparation of hyperbranch‐structured polyester fiber via thiol‐ene click reaction under UV light irradiation for asphalt binder modification
Authors: Meng Fei , Muhammad Yaseen , Ye Yuting , Ji Jiaqi , Tao Hua , Huang Junxian , Zhu Zhaorong , Li Jing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study reports the application of UV induced “thiol‐ene click reaction” by coupling the covalent bonds of venyl‐terminated dendritic polyester (VTDP) and polyester (PET) fiber and resulting in the fabrication of hyperbranch‐structured PET named as VTDP‐PET fiber. The PET fiber or VTDP‐PET fiber as additives were blended with styrene‐butadiene‐styrene modified asphalt (SBSMA) to prepare fiber/SBSMAs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations indicated that VTDP‐PET fiber was linked with spherical three‐dimensional dendritic molecular structure. Cone penetration, dynamic shear rheometer, multistress creep recovery, and thermogravimetric analysis tests showed that VTDP‐PET/SBSMA exhibited enhanced resistance to flow, viscoelasticity, resistance against rutting, and thermal stability as compared to those of PET/SBSMA. The newly designed PET fiber and VTDP‐PET fiber can be envisioned as effective alternative candidate for the fabricated of modified SBSMA with enhanced performances for practical applications in construction and highway industries.