bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervical Spine Osteoradionecrosis or Bone Metastasis after Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma? The MRI-Based Radiomics for Characterization
Authors: Zhong Xi , Li Li , Yin Jinxue , Lu Bingui , Han Wen , Li Jiansheng , Zhang Jian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
To develop and validate a MRI-based radiomics nomogram for differentiation of cervical spine ORN from metastasis after radiotherapy (RT) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
Methods
A radiomics nomogram was developed in a training set that comprised 46 NPC patients after RT with 95 cervical spine lesions (ORN, n = 51; metastasis, n = 44), and data was gathered from January 2008 to December 2012. 279 radiomics features were extracted from axial contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image (CE-T1WI), a radiomics signature was created by using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithmin, and a nomogram was developed based on the radiomics scores. The performance of the nomogram was determined in terms of its discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. An independent validation set contained 25 consecutive patients with 47 lesions (ORN, n = 25; metastasis, n = 22) from January 2013 to December 2015.
Results
The radiomics signature that comprised eight selected features was significantly associated with the differentiation of cervical spine ORN and metastasis. The nomogram model demonstrated good calibration and discrimination in the training set [AUC, 0.725; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.622–0.828] and the validation set (AUC, 0.720; 95% CI, 0.573–0.867). Decision curve analysis indicated that the radiomics nomogram was clinically useful.
Conclusions
MRI-based radiomics nomogram shows potential value to differentiate cervical spine ORN from metastasis after RT in NPC.
Efficient Whole-Cell Oxidation of α,β-Unsaturated Alcohols to α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes through Cascade Biocatalysis of Alcohol Dehydrogenase, NADPH Oxidase and Hemoglobin
Authors: Qiao Yan , Wang Can , Zeng Yin , Wang Tairan , Qiao Jingjing , Lu Chenze , Wang Zhao , Ying Xiangxian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: α,β-unsaturated aldehydes are widely used in as organic synthesis of fine chemicals such as flavor, fragrances and pharmaceuticals. The selective oxidation of α,β-unsaturated alcohols to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated aldehydes remains challenging to overcome poor selectivity, over-oxidation and low atom efficiency in chemical routes.Results: An E. coli strain co-expressing NADP+-specific alcohol dehydrogenase YsADH and oxygen-dependent NADPH oxidase TkNOX was constructed, which enabled the NADP+ regeneration and catalyzed the oxidation of 100 mM 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol to 3-methyl-2-butenal with the yield of 21.3%. The oxygen supply was strengthened by introducing the hemoglobin VsHGB into recombinant E. coli cells and replacing the atmosphere of the reactor with pure oxygen, which increased the yield up to 51.3%. To further improve catalytic performance, the E. coli cells expressing the multifunctional fusion enzyme YsADH-(GSG)-TkNOX-(GSG)-VsHGB was achieved, which totally converted 250 mM 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol to 3-methyl-2-butenal after 8 h of whole-cell oxidation. The reaction conditions of the cascade biocatalysis were optimized, in which the supplement of 0.2 mM FAD and 0.4 NADP+ was essential for maintaining high catalytic activity. Finally, the established whole-cell system could serve as a platform for the synthesis of valuable α,β-unsaturated aldehydes from selective oxidation of various α,β-unsaturated aldehydes.Conclusions: The construction of the strain expressing the fusion enzyme YsADH-(GSG)-TkNOX-(GSG)-VsHGB fulfilled efficient NADP+ regeneration and selective oxidation of various α,β-unsaturated alcohols to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. With the scope of redox enzymes, the fusion enzyme YsADH-(GSG)-TkNOX-(GSG)-VsHGB has become the latest successful example to improve catalytic performance in comparison with separated counterparts.
Analysis of the Spontaneous Conception Outcome in Infertile Women After Four-dimensional Hysterosalpingo-Contrast-Sonography
Authors: liu yu , zhang ning , he yanni , shi jiayao , zhou meijun , xu jingjiao , Liu Hongmei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: to evaluate the correlation between spontaneous conception outcome and the patients’ clinical characteristics as well as tubal patency in infertile women after four-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (4D-HyCoSy).Methods:Two hundred and eighty three infertile patients performed 4D-HyCoSy between December 2014 and October 2017,based on a normal semen analysis according to World Health Organization criteria, spontaneous conception without clinical interventions after 4D-HyCoSy, were trying to become conception. We analyzed the relationship between spontaneous conception outcome and clinical characteristics and tubal patency of infertile women after 4D-HyCoSy.Result(s): One hundred and sixteen patients (40.9%) conceived spontaneously and the mean conception time was (8.8 ± 0.3) months. With Cox regression analysis, two factors associated with spontaneous conception outcome appeared to increase spontaneous conception rate: patients with type IV or type VI tubes and duration of infertility less than 2 years.The age, type of infertility, multiparas, history of pelvic surgery, history of uterine cavity operation, uterine fibromyomata and polycystic ovary were unrelated to spontaneous conception outcome after 4D-HyCoSy.Conclusion(s):This study showed that some infertile women could succeed in spontaneous conception after 4D-HyCoSy. Hence, infertile patients should be advised to accept 4D-HyCoSy examination as soon as possible and based on the 4D-HyCoSy they could chose the appropriate clinical intervention. According to the results, expectant treatment of about 8-9 months is reported to be feasible for infertile women whose 4D-HyCoSy findings showed one tube patency or poor patency, especially for those with bilateral tubes patency or bilateral tubes poor patency.Alternatively, an immediate clinical intervention is recommended for those with bilateralobstructed tubes.
Perception of Childbirth Experiences of Japanese Women in Bali, Indonesia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Tanaka Kazuko , Kurniasari Ni Made Dian , Widyanthini Desak Nyoman , Suariyani Ni Luh Putu , Listyowati Rina , Urayama Akimi , Wirawan I Made Ady , Yoshimura Koichi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background:Maternal healthcare services in Indonesia have seen dramatic improvements over the past 25 years and yet there is still room for improvement. The perception,by the women,of the perinatalcare provided,is a vital input to further improving theseservices. This study examineshow the perinatal care provided is experienced by Japanese women in Bali, using an interview survey.Methods:We conducted semi-structured interviews, from August to October 2017, with 14 Japanese women living in Badung Regency and Denpasar City in Bali Province, Indonesia to reporttheir perception of the perinatal care they experienced during their pregnancies. The interview guide included among others, the reasons for choosing specific (perinatal care) health facilities and their satisfaction with their experience of using the antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care services. The data were analysed using the qualitative content analysis method.Results:From the interview data, 12 categories across five themes were extracted. Participants reported experiencing various concerns during their pregnancies such as difficulty in obtaining perinatal care related information. Participants,from the beginning of their pregnancies gradually establishedtrusting relationships with midwives, but in many situations, they were disappointed with their childbirth experiences, as they felt that the care provided was not woman-centred.Through their own efforts and with the support of family members and other Japanese residents, many women were able to eventually consider their childbirth experiences as positive. Nonetheless, some women could not overcome their negative impressions even years after childbirth.Conclusions:Participants desired close attention and encouragement from nurses and midwives. Our results suggest that Japanese women in Bali expected a woman-centred perinatal care and active support from nursing/midwifery staff during their pregnancies and postnatal care.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Isolated From Cerebrospinal Fluid Among Children With Bacterial Meningitis in China From 2016 to 2018: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Peng Xiaoshan , Liu Jing , Zhu Qingxiong , Zhu Yu , Zhu Chunhui , Cheng Yibing , Zhou Yibo , Xu Yi , Chen Minxia , Wen Zhengwang , Chen Yiping , Li Rui , Tong Jianning , Shan Qingwen , Lin Daojiong , Wu Shouye , Zhuo Zhiqiang , Wang Caihong , Zhao Shiyong , Qi Zhenghong , Sun Xiaofeng , Maihebuba Bieerding , Jia Chunmei , Gao Huiling , Li Shuangjie , Wan Chaomin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Bacterial meningitis (BM) remains a devastating disease among children and can cause substantial neurological morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, there are limited large-scale data concerning the pathogens responsible for pediatric bacterial meningitis (PBM) and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns in China. The objective of this multi-centre survey was tosummarize the features of etiologies causing BM among children and to characterize their AMR patterns.Methods: Data of 1193 cerebrospinal ﬂuid bacterial isolates from children with BM admitted to thirteen children’s hospitals in China from 2016 to 2018 wereanalyzed retrospectively.Results:Of the 1142 patients with PBM,65.9% (753) were less than 1yearold, among which more than two-thirds (513, 68.1%) were younger than 3 months. The three leading pathogens causing PBM were Staphylococcus epidermidis (16.5%), Escherichia coli (12.4%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.6%). The age group of under 3 months was at a relatively high risk of infection by Escherichia coli(116/523; 22.2%), Enterococcus faecium (75/523; 14.3%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (57/523; 10.9%), and Group B Streptococcus(55/523,10.5%). However, the age group of more than 3 months was at a relatively high risk of infection by Staphylococcus epidermidis (140/670; 20.9%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (117/670; 17.5%), and Staphylococcus hominis (57/670;8.5%). More than 93.0% of E. coli isolates were sensitive to cefoxitin, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam,amikacin, carbapenems, while the resistance rates to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and ceftazidime were 49.4%,49.2% and 26.4%, respectively. From 2016 to 2018, the proportion of methicillin-resistant Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCoNS) isolates declined from 80.5% to 72.3%, while the frequency of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP) isolates increased from 75.0% to 87.5%. The proportion of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli fluctuated between 44.4% and 49.2%, and the detection rate of ESBLproduction among K. pneumoniae ranged from 55.6% to 88.9%. The resistance of E. coli strains to carbapenems was 5.0%, but the overall prevalence of carbapenem-resistant (CR) K. pneumoniae was high (54.5%).Conclusions: The resistance of CoNS to methicillin and the high incidence of ESBL production among gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae posed a critical challenge to infection control. Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates are a large issue for the treatment of children with PBM.
Investigation of the Clinical Significance and Pathological Features of Lanthanum Deposition in the Gastric Mucosa
Authors: Nishida Shinya , Ota Kazuhiro , Hattori Kimiaki , Iwatsubo Taro , Kojima Yuichi , Takeuchi Toshihisa , Maeda Tamaki , Sakaguchi Masahiro , Higuchi Kazuhide , Kawaguchi Shimpei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: There are often specific endoscopic findings caused by deposition of lanthanum (La) in the gastric mucosa of patients taking lanthanum carbonate (LaC), a novel phosphate binder for patients on hemodialysis. We conducted a retrospective study to investigate the clinical significance of Ladeposition in the gastric mucosa, and the association between endoscopic features and histologic findings in the same population.Methods:We compared background factors in patients taking LaC with and without Ladeposition in their gastroscopic biopsy specimen. We also investigated the relationship between gastric endoscopic biopsy specimens with Ladeposition and the concurrent endoscopic images.Results:There was a significant difference in the total dose of LaC between the La-positive and La-negative groups(990 g [180–3150 g] vs. 480 g [225–1328 g]; p=0.013). In 27 biopsy specimens with specific whitish mucosa, 10 showed mild histiocytic infiltration and 17 showed strong infiltration. In contrast, among 24 specimens with non-whitishmucosa, five showed no histiocytic infiltration, 10 showed mild infiltration, and nine showed strong infiltration. There was a significant relationship between endoscopic features and the degree of histiocytic infiltration (p=0.026).Conclusions: We demonstrated that Ladeposition in the gastric mucosa depended on the total dose of LaC and was not affected by background factors. The specific endoscopic features of Ladeposition are associated with the infiltration of histiocytes, which represents the body’s normal response to foreign bodies.The protocol was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN000038929).
Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease using FDA-approved Isavuconazonium, a P2-P3 α-ketoamide derivative and Pentagastrin: an in-silico drug discovery approach
Authors: Achilonu Ikechukwu , Iwuchukwu Emmanuel Amarachi , Achilonu Okechinyere Juliet , Fernandes Manuel Antonio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is an attractive target towards discovery of drugs to treat COVID-19 because of its key role in virus replication. The atomic structure of Mpro in complex with an α-ketoamide inhibitor (Lig13b) is available (PDB ID:6Y2G). Using 6Y2G and the prior knowledge that protease inhibitors could eradicate COVID-19, we designed a computational study aimed at identifying FDA-approved drugs that could interact with Mpro. We searched the DrugBank and PubChem for analogs and built a virtual library containing ~33000 conformers. Using high-throughput virtual screening and ligand docking, we identified Isavuconazonium, a ketoamide inhibitor (α-KI) and Pentagastrin as the top three molecules (Lig13b as the benchmark) based on docking energy. The ΔGbind of Lig13b, Isavuconazonium, α-KI, Pentagastrin was -117.68, -191.11, -187.36, -145.76 kJ/mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that these ligands are stable within the Mpro active site. Binding of these ligands is driven by a variety of non-bonded interaction, including polar bonds, H-bonds, van der Waals and salt bridges. The overall conformational dynamics of the complexed-Mpro was slightly altered relative to apo-Mpro. This study demonstrates that three distinct classes molecules, Isavuconazonium (triazole), α-KI (ketoamide) and Pentagastrin (peptide) could serve as potential drugs to treat patients with COVID-19.
Analysis of Initial Clinical and CT Features of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Different Clinical Types
Authors: Li Wei , Yu Wenjun , Liao Jianwei , Yao Lin , Fang Yijie , Pan Cunxue , Xie Qing , Cui Huaqian , Zeng Xiang , Li Shaolin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Different clinical classifications of COVID-19 pneumonia patients have different clinical and CT features, which is very important for the treatment after admission. As the epidemic situation in China continues to improve, it is particularly important to re-clarify the correlation between them.Methods 97 confirmed patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled from January 17, 2019 to February 21, 2020, including 75 mild/ordinary cases and 22 severe/critical cases. The clinical data and initial chest CT images of the patients were reviewed and compared. The risk factors associated with disease severity were analyzed.Results Compared with the mild/ordinary patients, the severe/critical patients had older ages, higher incidence of comorbidities, first CT positive, CT always negative and fever. Mild/ordinary patients had lower body temperature than mild/ordinary patients. The incidences of large/multiple GGO in severe/critical patients were significantly higher than those of the mild/ordinary patients, furthermore, severe/critical patients showed higher incidences of 4-5 lobe infections than the ordinary patients. The CT scores of severe/critical patients were significantly higher than those of the ordinary patients (P < 0.001). The clinical factors of age, sex, comorbidities, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, pharyngeal discomfort, abdominal pain/diarrhea, temperature and CT score were risk factors for severe/critical COVID-19 pneumonia.Conclusion The initial clinical and CT characteristics have certain significance for the clinical classification of COVID-19 respiratory infection. Especially in terms of CT score, it can predict the trend of clinical classification of patients to a certain extent.
Evolutionary Frequency of the Available Human Coronavirus Genomes
Authors: Ahmad Ashfaq , Majaz Sidra , Nouroz Faisal 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background. A novel, human-infecting coronavirus causing CoVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan, China in late December, 2019. Within a short span of time more the virus has recorded more than 1 million deaths world-wide. This study is designed to address the overall evolutionary process of the novel Coronavirus complete genomes. Addressing the complexity and huge population size, network-based approaches are used in mapping samples to their reported locations. Results. Total of 473 complete human-coronavirus genomes representing 20 different countries are studied including 17 states from the United States and samples collected from the Cruise-diamond princess. The phylodynamic network of global-scale is classified into five clusters contained two clusters U1 and U2 of the USA samples. Cluster B is a shared cluster of China and the USA while A and C are of diverse nature. We found that Chinese samples aggregated in cluster A and B which aided in retaining the homogeneous viral genomic pool. In contrast, samples from the USA and Spain were split into distinct clusters indicating multiple port entries and a possibility in implying a delay in quarantine measures. Among the samples from the USA, we found that sequences reported from Washington and Virginia are scattered indicating evolutionary diversity.Conclusion. This report provides insight into the transmission pattern of CoV2 which is complicated to evaluate exclusively through conventional surveillance means. Our data not only identify the transmission network but also suggest that the severity of the disease is linked to the spatial diversity of infection.
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein primes inflammasome-mediated interleukin-1- beta secretion in COVID-19 patient-derived macrophages
Authors: Theobald Sebastian J. , Simonis Alexander , Kreer Christoph , Zehner Matthias , Fischer Julia , Albert Marie-Christine , Malin Jakob J. , Gräb Jessica , Winter Sandra , de Silva Ute Sandaradura , Böll Boris , Köhler Philipp , Gruell Henning , Suàrez Isabelle , Hallek Michael , Fätkenheuer Gerd , Jung Norma , Cornely Oliver , Lehmann Clara , Kashkar Hamid , Klein Florian , Rybniker Jan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Innate immunity triggers responsible for viral control or hyperinflammation in COVID- 19 are largely unknown. Here we show that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein primes inflammasome activation and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) secretion in macrophages derived from COVID-19 patients but not in macrophages from healthy SARS-CoV-2 naïve controls. Chemical NLRP3 inhibition blocks spike protein-induced IL-1β secretion ex vivo. These findings can accelerate research on COVID-19 vaccine design and drug treatment.
Modeling COVID-19 infection in a confined space
Authors: Yan Zishuo , Lan Yueheng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we construct a stochastic model of the 2019-nCoV transmission in a confined space, which gives a detailed account of the interaction between the spreading virus and mobile individuals. Different aspects of the interaction at mesoscopic level, such as the human motion, the shedding and spreading of the virus, its contamination and invasion of the human body and the response of the human immune system, are touched upon in the model, thier relative importance during the course of infection being evaluated. The model provides a bridge linking the epidemic statistics to the physiological parameters of individuals and may serve a theoretical guidance for epidemic prevention and control.
Molecular interaction and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 binding to the ACE2 receptor
Authors: Yang Jinsung , Petitjean Simon , Derclaye Sylvie , Koehler Melanie , Zhang Qingrong , Dumitru Andra C. , Soumillion Patrice , Alsteens David 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Study of virus entry into cells is of critical importance for a better understanding of the interactions established between the viral glycoproteins and their receptors at the cell surface and could help to develop novel antiviral strategies. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) entry into host cells is mediated by the transmembrane spike glycoprotein (S-glycoprotein) and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as a cellular receptor. Here, we used atomic force microscopy to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which the S- glycoprotein binds to the ACE2 receptor. We demonstrated, both on model surfaces and on living cells, that the receptor binding domain (RBD) serves as a binding interface within the S- glycoprotein with the ACE2 receptor and we extracted the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of this binding pocket. Altogether, these results give a dynamic picture of the established interaction in physiologically relevant conditions. Finally, we identified and tested several binding inhibitor peptides targeting the virus early attachment stages, offering new perspectives in the treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.