bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Besnoitia besnoiti–driven endothelial host cell cycle alteration
Authors: Velásquez Zahady D. , Lopez-Osorio Sara , Pervizaj-Oruqaj Learta , Herold Susanne , Hermosilla Carlos , Taubert Anja 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBesnoitia besnoiti is an important obligate intracellular parasite of cattle which primarily infects host endothelial cells of blood vessels during the acute phase of infection. Similar to the closely related parasite Toxoplasma gondii, B. besnoiti has fast proliferating properties leading to rapid host cell lysis within 24–30 h p.i. in vitro. Some apicomplexan parasites were demonstrated to modulate the host cellular cell cycle to successfully perform their intracellular development. As such, we recently demonstrated that T. gondii tachyzoites induce G2/M arrest accompanied by chromosome missegregation, cell spindle alteration, formation of supernumerary centrosomes, and cytokinesis impairment when infecting primary bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells (BUVEC). Here, we follow a comparative approach by using the same host endothelial cell system for B. besnoiti infections. The current data showed that—in terms of host cell cycle modulation—infections of BUVEC by B. besnoiti tachyzoites indeed differ significantly from those by T. gondii. As such, cyclin expression patterns demonstrated a significant upregulation of cyclin E1 in B. besnoiti–infected BUVEC, thereby indicating parasite-driven host cell stasis at G1-to-S phase transition. In line, the mitotic phase of host cell cycle was not influenced since alterations of chromosome segregation, mitotic spindle formation, and cytokinesis were not observed. In contrast to respective T. gondii–related data, we furthermore found a significant upregulation of histone H3 (S10) phosphorylation in B. besnoiti–infected BUVEC, thereby indicating enhanced chromosome condensation to occur in these cells. In line to altered G1/S-transition, we here additionally showed that subcellular abundance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a marker for G1 and S phase sub-stages, was affected by B. besnoiti since infected cells showed increased nuclear PCNA levels when compared with that of control cells.
A novel difficulty grading system for laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy
Authors: Takagi Kosei , Kimenai Hendrikus J. A. N. , Terkivatan Turkan , Tran Khe T. C. , Ijzermans Jan N. M. , Minnee Robert C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Several difficulty grading systems have been developed as a useful tool for selecting patients and training surgeons in laparoscopic procedures. However, there is little information on predicting the difficulty of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN). The aim of this study was to develop a grading system to predict the difficulty of LDN.

Methods
Data of 1741 living donors, who underwent pure or hand-assisted LDN between 1994 and 2018 were analyzed. Multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors associated with prolonged operative time, defined as a difficulty index with 0 to 8. The difficulty of LDN was classified into three levels based on the difficulty index.

Results
Multivariable analyses identified that male (odds ratio [OR] 1.69, 95% CI 1.37–2.09, P < 0.001), BMI > 28 (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.08–1.72, P = 0.009), pure LDN (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.53–2.60, P < 0.001), multiple renal arteries (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.83–3.10, P < 0.001) and multiple renal veins (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.52–3.16, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors influencing prolonged operative time. The difficulty index based on these factors was calculated and categorized into three levels: low (0–2), intermediate (3–5), and high (6–8) difficulty. Operative time was significantly longer in the high difficulty group (225 min) than in the low (169 min, P < 0.001) and intermediate difficulty group (194 min, P < 0.001). The conversion rate was higher in the high difficulty group (4.4%) than in the low (2.1%, P = 0.04) and the intermediate difficulty group (3.0%, P = 0.27). No significant difference in major complications was found between the groups.

Conclusion
We developed a novel grading system with simple preoperative donor factors to predict the difficulty of LDN. This grading system may help surgeons in patient selection to advance their experiences and/or teach fellows from simple to difficult LDN.
Influence of operative timing on the early post-operative radiological and clinical outcome after kyphoplasty
Authors: Palmowski Yannick , Balmer Sophie , Bürger Justus , Schömig Friederike , Hu Zhouyang , Pumberger Matthias 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To clarify the relationship between operative timing and the early post-operative radiological and clinical outcome after kyphoplasty.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study including patients who underwent kyphoplasty of a single vertebra. Patients were divided into three groups (acute [< 2 weeks], subacute [2–6 weeks] or chronic [6–51 weeks]) based on the interval between fracture and surgery. The relative vertebral body height (VBH) and local kyphotic angle (LKA) of the fractured vertebra (measured on plain radiographs) as well as pain and use of analgesics were compared pre- and post-operatively (day 2) and between the groups.

Results
A total of 230 patients (100 with acute, 91 with subacute and 39 with chronic fractures) with fractures from T4 to L5 were included. In all groups, there was a significant post-operative improvement in the anterior (8.9–12.9%) and middle (10.7–13.4%) VBH (all groups: p < 0.001), LKA (acute: 3.8°, p < 0.001; subacute: 4.3°, p < 0.001; chronic: 1.7°, p = 0.046) and pain. The use of analgesics significantly decreased post-operatively in the acute and subacute groups, but did not significantly change in the chronic group. Patients from acute (p = 0.042) and subacute (p = 0.027) groups showed significantly better post-operative correction of the LKA than the chronic group.

Conclusion
Kyphoplasty is effective for vertebral height restoration as well as pain relief for both acute, subacute and chronic fractures. However, the achievable correction of the fracture-related local kyphosis decreases significantly after 6 weeks. Therefore, we recommend making a final decision about conservative vs. operative treatment within 6 weeks to ensure better height restoration in surgically treated patients.
The importance of multisection sagittal and coronal magnetic resonance imaging evaluation in the assessment of temporomandibular joint disc position
Authors: Litko-Rola Monika , Szkutnik Jacek , Różyło-Kalinowska Ingrid 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnoses of temporomandibular (TMJ) disc displacement by comparing evaluations done on the basis of central sagittal scans only, the most often used in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients, with a multisection evaluation done with both sagittal and coronal scans.

Materials and methods
Multisection MRI analysis of 382 TMJs was conducted in 191 patients with disc displacement according to RDC/TMD criteria. Disc position in the intercuspal position (IP) was assessed two times using two different methods. The first method involved a TMJ disc position evaluation on the central slide in the oblique sagittal plane only. In the second method, the TMJ disc position was assessed on all oblique sagittal and coronal images. McNemar’s χ2 test was used to evaluate the differences between the sensitivities of two methods.

Results
The first method (central oblique sagittal scans assessment) identified 148 TMJs (38.7%) with normal disc position compared with 89 TMJs (23.3%) with normal disc position found by the second method (all oblique sagittal and coronal scans assessment). The sensitivity of analysis in both planes was significantly higher than in the sagittal plane only (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The multisection analysis in the sagittal and coronal plane allows to distinguish the correct disc position from disc displacement and thus improve evaluation of TMJ internal derangement.

Clinical relevance
The multisection sagittal and coronal images should be recommended as a standard in MRI of the TMJ disc displacement in patients with TMD to avoid false-negative diagnoses.
Hyperspectral analysis for perioperative perfusion monitoring—a clinical feasibility study on free and pedicled flaps
Authors: Thiem D. G. E. , Frick R. W. , Goetze E. , Gielisch M. , Al-Nawas B. , Kämmerer P. W. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives
In reconstructive surgery, flap monitoring is crucial for early identification of perfusion problems. Using hyperspectral imaging (HSI), this clinical study aimed to develop a non-invasive, objective approach for perfusion monitoring of free and pedicled flaps.

Material and methods
HSI of 22 free (FF) and 8 pedicled flaps (PF) in 30 patients was recorded over time. Parameters assessed were tissue oxygenation/superficial perfusion (0–1 mm) (StO2 (0–100%)), near-infrared perfusion/deep perfusion (0–4 mm) (NIR (0–100)), distribution of haemoglobin (THI (0–100)), and water (TWI (0–100)). Measurements up to 72 h were correlated to clinical assessment.

Results
Directly after flap inset, mean StO2 was significantly higher in FF (70.3 ± 13.6%) compared with PF 56.2 ± 14.2% (p = 0.05), whereas NIR, THI, and TWI were similar (NIR_p = 0.82, THI_p = 0.97, TWI_p = 0.27). After 24 h, StO2, NIR, THI, and TWI did not differ between FF and PF. After 48 h, StO2, NIR, and TWI did not differ between FF and PF whereas THI was significantly increased in FF compared with PF(p = 0.001). In three FF, perfusion decreased clinically and in HSI, 36(1), 40(2), 5(3), and 61(3) h after flap inset which was followed by prompt intervention.

Conclusions
StO2 < 40%, NIR < 25/100, and THI < 40/100 indicated arterial occlusion, whereas venous problems revealed an increase of THI. In comparison with FF, perfusion parameters of PF were decreased after flap transfer but remained similar to FF later on.

Clinical relevance
HSI provides objective and non-invasive perfusion monitoring after flap transplantation in accordance to the clinical situation. With HSI, signs of deterioration can be detected hours before clinical diagnosis.
Measuring the polymerization stress of self-adhesive resin composite cements by crack propagation
Authors: Wiedenmann Felicitas , Becker Fabian , Eichberger Marlis , Stawarczyk Bogna 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To test the polymerization stress of nine self-adhesive resin composite cements (G-CEM, iCEM, Bifix SE, Maxcem Elite, PANAVIA SA, SoloCem, SmartCem 2, SpeedCEM, RelyX Unicem 2) and one glass ionomer cement (control group; Ketac Cem).

Materials and methods
The crack propagation of a feldspar ceramic (n = 130) was determined by measuring crack lengths that originated from Vickers indentations, prior to and after the application and polymerization of the self-adhesive resin cements. Results for crack propagation were converted to polymerization stress values, and statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffé post hoc test.

Results
SmartCem 2 presented higher stress values than iCEM, SoloCem, and Ketac Cem, while Ketac Cem showed lower values than Bifix SE, Maxcem Elite, SmartCem 2, SpeedCEM, and RelyX Unicem 2.

Conclusions
Self-adhesive resin composite cements differ in their polymerization stress, which may affect the durability of the restoration. For restorations made from ceramics with lower flexural strength, such as feldspar ceramics, resin composite cement materials with less polymerization stress should be preferred.

Clinical Relevance
As a high polymerization shrinkage may increase crack propagation, the determination of the polymerization stress of self-adhesive resin composite cements employed for fixing all-ceramic restorations is an important factor.
Transperineal minimally invasive APE: preliminary outcomes in a multicenter cohort
Authors: van Oostendorp S. E. , Roodbeen S. X. , Chen C. C. , Caycedo-Marulanda A. , Joshi H. M. , Tanis P. J. , Cunningham C. , Tuynman J. B. , Hompes R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Abdominoperineal excision (APE) for rectal cancer is associated with a relatively high risk of positive margins and postoperative morbidity, particularly related to perineal wound healing problems. It is unknown whether the use of a minimally invasive approach for the perineal part of these procedures can improve postoperative outcomes without oncological compromise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of minimally invasive transperineal abdominoperineal excision (TpAPE)

Methods
This multicenter retrospective cohort study included all patients having TpAPE for primary low rectal cancer. The primary endpoint was the intraoperative complication rate. Secondary endpoints included major morbidity (Clavien–Dindo ≥ 3), histopathology results, and perineal wound healing.

Results
A total of 32 TpAPE procedures were performed in five centers. A bilateral extralevator APE (ELAPE) was performed in 17 patients (53%), a unilateral ELAPE in 7 (22%), and an APE in 8 (25%). Intraoperative complications occurred in five cases (16%) and severe postoperative morbidity in three cases (9%). There were no perioperative deaths. A positive margin (R1) was observed in four patients (13%) and specimen perforation occurred in two (6%). The unilateral extralevator TpAPE group had worse specimen quality and a higher proportion of R1 resections than the bilateral ELAPE or standard APE groups. The rate of uncomplicated perineal wound healing was 53% (n = 17) and three patients (9%) required surgical reintervention.

Conclusions
TpAPE seems to be feasible with acceptable perioperative morbidity and a relatively low rate of perineal wound dehiscence, while histopathological outcomes remain suboptimal. Additional evaluation of the viability of this technique is needed in the form of a prospective trial with standardization of the procedure, indication, audit of outcomes and performed by surgeons with vast experience in transanal total mesorectal excision.
Is time preference and present bias associated with the decision to start, quit or maintain physical activity over time?
Authors: Eberth Barbara , van der Pol Marjon , Kemenev Dmitri 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aim
It is commonly observed that individuals transition into and out of physical activity behaviours over time. A better understanding of the determinants of these transitions is important in order to develop effective interventions. Our focus is on examining the role of time preference and present bias (how present or future oriented individuals are) in the decision to start, quit and maintain physical activity over time.

Subject and methods
We examine changes in different types of physical activity participation over time, allowing us to distinguish between physical activity initiation versus maintenance. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79).

Results
We show that present bias impacts maintenance but not initiation of physical activity behaviour. The time preference rate impacts maintenance of strengthening exercise in men only.

Conclusion
The results of our study suggest that interventions aimed at overcoming present bias, such as commitment devices in the form of deposit contracts, may be effective in maintaining physical activity but not initiating physical activity.
In situ TEM oxidation study of Fe thin-film transformation to single-crystal magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Lari Leonardo , Steinhauer Stephan , Lazarov Vlado K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, we present an in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of Fe thin films to Fe nanoparticle formation and their oxidation to single-crystal magnetite nanoparticles. Amorphous Fe thin films were prepared by sputtering on TEM carbon grids. The thin Fe films were continuously heated in situ from room temperature to 700 °C under vacuum (4 × 10–4 Pa). With the increase in temperature, the continuity of the thin film starts breaking, and Fe nanoparticle nucleation centers are formed. At 600 °C, the thin film transforms into metallic Fe nanoparticles (NPs) with a small presence of different Fe oxide NPs. Further increase in the temperature to 700 °C resulted in the full oxidation of the NPs (i.e., no core–shell were found). Zero-loss energy filtered diffraction and HRTEM analysis of the lattice spacing reveals that all NPs have fully transformed into single-phase magnetite NPs. The structural study of the magnetite NPs shows that magnetite NPs are free of antiphase domain boundary defects. This work demonstrates that under low partial pressure of oxygen at elevated temperatures a complete oxidation of Fe NPs into magnetite single-crystal nanoparticles can be achieved.
An updated review of nanofluids in various heat transfer devices
Authors: Okonkwo Eric C. , Wole-Osho Ifeoluwa , Almanassra Ismail W. , Abdullatif Yasser M. , Al-Ansari Tareq 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe field of nanofluids has received interesting attention since the concept of dispersing nanoscaled particles into a fluid was first introduced in the later part of the twentieth century. This is evident from the increased number of studies related to nanofluids published annually. The increasing attention on nanofluids is primarily due to their enhanced thermophysical properties and their ability to be incorporated into a wide range of thermal applications ranging from enhancing the effectiveness of heat exchangers used in industries to solar energy harvesting for renewable energy production. Owing to the increasing number of studies relating to nanofluids, there is a need for a holistic review of the progress and steps taken in 2019 concerning their application in heat transfer devices. This review takes a retrospective look at the year 2019 by reviewing the progress made in the area of nanofluids preparation and the applications of nanofluids in various heat transfer devices such as solar collectors, heat exchangers, refrigeration systems, radiators, thermal storage systems and electronic cooling. This review aims to update readers on recent progress while also highlighting the challenges and future of nanofluids as the next-generation heat transfer fluids. Finally, a conclusion on the merits and demerits of nanofluids is presented along with recommendations for future studies that would mobilise the rapid commercialisation of nanofluids.
Causal inference in collaboration networks using propensity score methods
Authors: Windzio Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUsing panel data of school-class networks of 11–13-year-old students, this study investigates effects of schoolwork collaboration-networks on grades and school-related well-being. It suggests propensity score weighting-regression as a method of causal inference for data collected in social contexts, and in studies analyzing node-attributes as outcomes of interest. It will argued that this alternative approach is useful when stochastic actor-based models (SAOMs) show convergence problems in sparse networks. Three methods of causal analysis dealing with the problems of endogeneity bias and interference between observations will be discussed in this study: first, SAOMs for the co-evolution of networks and behavior/attitudes will be estimated, but this results in a systematic loss of data. Second, propensity score matching compares treated cases with untreated nearest neighbors. However, the stable-unit-treatment-value assumption (SUTVA) requires that the analysis controls for network embeddedness in the final analysis. This is possible by using propensity score weighting-regression, which is a flexible approach to capture treatment diffusion via multiplex networks.
Changes in Income Distribution for Different Family Types in Poland
Authors: Jędrzejczak Alina , Pekasiewicz Dorota 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper compares income distributions for the family types distinguished by the number of children. The primary contribution to the literature of the current paper was to provide evidence that between 2015 and 2016, when the child benefit Family 500+ program was implemented, there was a reduction in income inequality and poverty, especially for families with many children. The basis for the calculations was microdata from the Household Budget Survey conducted by Statistics Poland. It is the basic source of information on the revenues, expenditures, quantitative food consumption and other aspects of the living conditions of particular groups of the population. The data obtained from this survey allow for the analysis of different factors influencing income distribution and its inequality by means of selected income inequality measures: Gini index and the quintile and decile share ratios. To conduct poverty analysis, the head-count ratio, poverty gap and squared poverty gap indices were applied. The results of the analysis revealed noticeable changes in the income distribution of Polish households, which resulted in poverty reduction, especially for families with many children. In total, mean equivalent income increased by 127 PLN and poverty decreased by 1.2 percentage points. Approximately 160,000 households came out of poverty. The two-sample parametric tests for differences in means and proportions showed that in 2016, the means were significantly larger and poverty rates significantly smaller for all family types but the differences were larger for large families.
A Shadow-Test Approach to Adaptive Item Calibration
Authors: van der Linden Wim J. , Jiang Bingnan 
Published: June 2020

A shadow-test approach to the calibration of field-test items embedded in adaptive testing is presented. The objective function used in the shadow-test model selects both the operational and field-test items adaptively using a Bayesian version of the criterion of Ds\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$D_{\mathrm{s}}$$\end{document}-optimality. The constraint set for the model can be used to hide the field-test items completely in the content of the test as well as to deal with such practical issues as random control of their exposure rates. The approach runs on efficient implementations of the Gibbs sampler for the real-time updating of the ability and field-test parameters. Optimal settings for the proposed algorithms were found and used to demonstrate item calibration with smaller than traditional sample sizes in runtimes fully comparable with conventional adaptive testing.
Uranium and neptunium retention mechanisms in Gallionella ferruginea/ferrihydrite systems for remediation purposes
Authors: Krawczyk-Bärsch Evelyn , Scheinost Andreas C. , Rossberg André , Müller Katharina , Bok Frank , Hallbeck Lotta , Lehrich Jana , Schmeide Katja 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ubiquitous β-Proteobacterium Gallionella ferruginea is known as stalk-forming, microaerophilic iron(II) oxidizer, which rapidly produces iron oxyhydroxide precipitates. Uranium and neptunium sorption on the resulting intermixes of G. ferruginea cells, stalks, extracellular exudates, and precipitated iron oxyhydroxides (BIOS) was compared to sorption to abiotically formed iron oxides and oxyhydroxides. The results show a high sorption capacity of BIOS towards radionuclides at circumneutral pH values with an apparent bulk distribution coefficient (Kd) of 1.23 × 104 L kg−1 for uranium and 3.07 × 105 L kg−1 for neptunium. The spectroscopic approach by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and ATR FT-IR spectroscopy, which was applied on BIOS samples, showed the formation of inner-sphere complexes. The structural data obtained at the uranium LIII-edge and the neptunium LIII-edge indicate the formation of bidentate edge-sharing surface complexes, which are known as the main sorption species on abiotic ferrihydrite. Since the rate of iron precipitation in G. ferruginea-dominated systems is 60 times faster than in abiotic systems, more ferrihydrite will be available for immobilization processes of heavy metals and radionuclides in contaminated environments and even in the far-field of high-level nuclear waste repositories.