bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solitary bee pollinators adjust pollen foraging to the unpredictable flower opening of a species of Petunia (Solanaceae)
Authors: De Araujo Fernanda Figueiredo , Oliveira Reisla , Mota Theo , Stehmann João Renato , Schlindwein Clemens 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDetails of the foraging patterns of solitary bees are much less well known than those of social species, and these patterns are often adjusted to exploit floral resources of one or only a few species. The specialized flower-visiting bees of Petunia are good models for investigating such foraging patterns. Here we analysed the floral biology and pollen presentation schedule of the endangered Petunia mantiqueirensis in mixed Araucaria forests of Serra da Mantiqueira, Brazil. Pollinators and their pollen foraging behaviour and food specialization were determined through analyses of scopa pollen loads. Flowers opened throughout the day and presented all their pollen resources within the first 30 min of anthesis, thus providing their pollen resources in an asynchronous fashion in one-flower packages throughout the day. Females of Pseudagapostemon fluminensis were the most frequent flower visitors, contacting stigmas in 96% of their visits, and were the unique effective pollinators of Petunia mantiqueirensis. These pollinators were responsible for the first three visits to 115 individually monitored flowers at any daylight hour, removing ~86% of a flower’s total pollen supply during the first visit. Although female bees harvest the majority of pollen resources of Petunia mantiqueirensis, analyses of scopa loads revealed that most of them also collect pollen from plants of other families while foraging for pollen in Petunia flowers.
Temperature-Mediated Competition Between the Invasive Larger Grain Borer (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and the Cosmopolitan Maize Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Quellhorst Hannah , Athanassiou Christos G , Bruce Alexander , Scully Erin D , Morrison William R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Interspecific competition between agricultural pests may affect the species that can establish, and may also affect food production. Prostephanus truncatus (Horn), the larger grain borer, is endemic to Central America, but invaded Africa with disastrous consequences for maize production. Its main competitor is Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, the maize weevil, which is cosmopolitan. These insects co-occur in many regions of the world and both are threats to maize. However, the impact of competition between these two species is not well-understood, nor is its effect on grain quality or potential to limit P. truncatus invasion in new areas. The aims of our study were to evaluate the outcome of interspecific competition between P. truncatus and S. zeamais at four different temperatures on a fixed quantity of grain, and determine effects on progeny production, grain damage, and mold growth. We found that coexistence may be possible at a range of 25–30°C, but mixed colonies experienced a direct competitive cost compared to single-species colonies. Prostephanus truncatus performed better at warmer temperatures, while S. zeamais favored cooler temperatures. The majority of grain damage was the result of P. truncatus activity as opposed to S. zeamais. Finally, mold growth was greater where both species were present, and species of mold that produce aflatoxin were identified. Although there are an increasing number of areas where both of these species occur, our results suggest P. truncatus will be capable of destroying much more maize in a shorter period compared to S. zeamais at temperatures greater than 25°C.
Complex sleeve lobectomy has the same surgical outcome when compared with conventional lobectomy in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Inci Ilhan , Benker Martina , Çitak Necati , Schneiter Didier , Caviezel Claudio , Hillinger Sven , Opitz Isabelle , Weder Walter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
No significant data are available to assess whether complex sleeve lobectomy (complex-SL) can be considered comparable to conventional lobectomy (CL) in terms of surgical outcome. The purpose of this study was to compare surgical and oncological outcomes of complex-SL with CL in patients with lung cancer.

METHODS
Between 2000 and 2015, a total of 568 patients who underwent open CL (defined as resection of only 1 lobe) and 187 patients who underwent SL were analysed. The SL group was divided into 2 subgroups: standard-SL (bronchial SL, n = 106) and complex-SL (n = 81) (defined as bronchial sleeve resection together with another surgical intervention: bronchovascular SL, n = 40; vascular SL, n = 26; atypical bronchoplasty with resection of more than 1 lobe, n = 12; bronchial SL + chest wall resection, n = 3).

RESULTS
The complex-SL group had more patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (25.9% vs 12.5%, P = 0.001), neoadjuvant treatment (39.5% vs 12.0%, P &lt; 0.001), advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (53.2% vs 33.1%, P = 0.001) and low preoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 s (77.2% vs 84.3%, P = 0.004) than the CL group. The overall surgical mortality (in-hospital or 30-day) was 2.6% (n = 20); it was 2.8% for CL and 2.8% for complex-SL. Postoperative complications occurred in 34.9% of the CL group and 39.5% of the complex-SL group (P = 0.413). The pulmonary complication rate was similar between the groups (24.1% for CL, 27.2% for complex-SL, P = 0.552). The 5-year survival in the CL group was 57.1%, and in the complex-SL group it was 56.2% (P = 0.888). Multivariate analysis showed that TNM stage (P &lt; 0.001) and N status (P &lt; 0.001) were significant and independent negative prognostic factors for survival.

CONCLUSIONS
Complex-SL had a comparable outcome to CL, although the complex-SL group had more patients with advanced-stage NSCLC, low preoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 s and COPD.
Modulation of Morpho-Physiological Responses in Populus deltoides by Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Temperature
Authors: Yadav Santosh Kumar , Singh Hukum , Nautiyal Raman , Ginwal Harish Singh , Ansari Shamim Akhtar , Barthwal Santan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature alter gene-expression arrays commensurate with physio-morphological changes, resulting in issues of adaptation, growth patterns, and productivity of terrestrial vegetation. An experiment was conducted to investigate the adaptive response of Populus deltoides clone G48 to the combined effect of elevated CO2 and temperature inside open-top chambers. The elevated CO2 and temperature acted as environmental cues to help express upregulated/downregulated genes involved in important metabolic pathways. As a result, P. deltoides exposed to the elevated CO2 and temperature developed adaptation to undo the effect by enhancing gaseous exchange, transpiration, and carbon assimilation and partitioning as observed on 180 days after treatment. The elevated conditions significantly enhanced stomatal density and size on adaxial/abaxial leaf surfaces, chlorophyll b that augmented photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and internal CO2, but decreased instantaneous and intrinsic water-use efficiency. These stimulated biomass accumulation in root, stem, and leaves. Hence, the elevated conditions of CO2 and temperature operate at the gene-expression level that acts pleiotropically for reinforcement of photosynthetic apparatus, morphological amendment for accelerated gaseous exchange, and finally growth and biomass improvement, supporting adaptive plasticity of clonal planting stock of the species to future climatic change and global warming.
Plant Water Stress and Soil Depletion in Variable-Density, Red Alder/Western Hemlock Coastal Oregon Plantations
Authors: Cole Elizabeth C , Newton Michael 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Riparian ecosystems provide critical habitat and functions while being some of the most productive areas in forests. Both conifers and hardwoods contribute to maintenance of habitat and function. To determine the impact of water stress on growth of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla [Raf.] Sarg.), we installed Nelder type 1a combined with replacement series plots on three Oregon Coast Range sites. Densities ranged from 988 to 85,400 trees/hectare, with ratios (hemlock:alder) of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. In the first 4 years after planting, alder used water in the growing season at greater depths earlier than western hemlock. Higher densities resulted in greater water stress later in the growing season in weeded areas (maintained by herbicide applications), but stress was similar across densities in unweeded areas. Water stress at early ages was correlated with decreased size 14 or 24 years after planting for both species, but these correlations were confounded with other effects of density. Increasing water availability in areas with low summer precipitation could enhance growth of red alder and western hemlock, even in highly productive riparian areas.
Attitudes Toward Aging: A Glance Back at Research Developments Over the Past 75 Years
Authors: Chu Li , Lay Jennifer C , Tsang Vivian Hiu Ling , Fung Helene H 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith global aging, it is crucial to understand how older adults and the process of aging are viewed by members of society. These attitudes can often influence how older adults are treated. Since the Journal of Gerontology was founded, we have gained increasing insights into attitudes toward aging, with several notable research developments, including clearer conceptualization of different types of aging attitudes (e.g., life-domain-specific attitudes and self-perceptions of aging), a wider variety of measurements, better understanding of how different social determinants shape aging attitudes, and more sophisticated investigations of cultural variance and invariance in aging attitudes. In this article, we highlight these major shifts in the field of aging attitudes in the past 75 years, discuss the contributions of these developments, and point to potential future directions.
Quantum chemical elucidation on corrosion inhibition efficiency of Schiff base: DFT investigations supported by weight loss and SEM techniques
Authors: Al-Amiery Ahmed , Salman Taghried A , Alazawi Khalida F , Shaker Lina M , Kadhum Abdul Amir H , Takriff Mohd S 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe corrosion inhibition of Schiff base, namely 2-((2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)amino)pyridine (HMAP), for mild steel (MS) in a 1 M hydrochloric acid environment was investigated by means of weight loss and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Quantum chemical calculation based on density functional theory (DFT) was carried out on HMAP. Results illustrated that HMAP is a superior inhibitor for the corrosion of MS in 1.0M hydrochloric acid environment, and inhibition efficiency is higher than 90.0% at 0.5 g/L HMAP. Inhibition performance increases with regard to concentration increase and inhibition performance decreases when raising temperature. Adsorption of the inhibitor on the MS surface followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the value of the free energy of adsorption; ΔGads indicated that the adsorption of HMAP was a physisorption/chemisorption process. The DFT refers to perfect correlation with methodological inhibition performance.
Privacy-preserving model learning on a blockchain network-of-networks
Authors: Kuo Tsung-Ting , Kim Jihoon , Gabriel Rodney A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
To facilitate clinical/genomic/biomedical research, constructing generalizable predictive models using cross-institutional methods while protecting privacy is imperative. However, state-of-the-art methods assume a “flattened” topology, while real-world research networks may consist of “network-of-networks” which can imply practical issues including training on small data for rare diseases/conditions, prioritizing locally trained models, and maintaining models for each level of the hierarchy. In this study, we focus on developing a hierarchical approach to inherit the benefits of the privacy-preserving methods, retain the advantages of adopting blockchain, and address practical concerns on a research network-of-networks.

Materials and Methods
We propose a framework to combine level-wise model learning, blockchain-based model dissemination, and a novel hierarchical consensus algorithm for model ensemble. We developed an example implementation HierarchicalChain (hierarchical privacy-preserving modeling on blockchain), evaluated it on 3 healthcare/genomic datasets, as well as compared its predictive correctness, learning iteration, and execution time with a state-of-the-art method designed for flattened network topology.

Results
HierarchicalChain improves the predictive correctness for small training datasets and provides comparable correctness results with the competing method with higher learning iteration and similar per-iteration execution time, inherits the benefits of the privacy-preserving learning and advantages of blockchain technology, and immutable records models for each level.

Discussion
HierarchicalChain is independent of the core privacy-preserving learning method, as well as of the underlying blockchain platform. Further studies are warranted for various types of network topology, complex data, and privacy concerns.

Conclusion
We demonstrated the potential of utilizing the information from the hierarchical network-of-networks topology to improve prediction.
LncRNA DLGAP1-AS2 modulates glioma development by up-regulating YAP1 expression
Authors: Miao Wei , Li Ning , Gu Bin , Yi Guoqing , Su Zheng , Cheng Huilin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
LncRNA DLGAP1 antisense RNA 2 (DLGAP1-AS2) is one kind cytoplasmic long non-coding RNA; however, there is rarely little information about its function in physiological process. Here, we demonstrated that LncRNA DLGAP1-AS2 was up-regulated in glioma and was quite correlated with poor prognosis of glioma patients. Depletion of DLGAP1-AS2 in glioma cells could inhibit cell proliferation and cell migration, and induce cell apoptosis, resulting in the suppression of the progression of glioma consequently. Furthermore, knockdown of DLGAP1-AS2 inhibited the growth of xenograft glioma tumour in vivo as well. Finally, we verified Yes Associated Protein 1 (YAP1) was the downstream target of DLGAP1-AS2 and DLGAP1-AS2 modulated glioma cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis via regulating YAP1. Our study revealed novel mechanism about how did lncRNA DLGAP1-AS2 execute function in glioma and thus provided potential therapeutic interventions for the treatment of glioma.
Assessment of the Systems Approach for the Phytosanitary Treatment of Wood Infested With Wood-Boring Insects
Authors: Macquarrie Chris J K , Gray Meghan , Lavallée Robert , Noseworthy Meghan K , Savard Marc , Humble Leland M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Addressing the risk from pests present in wood and wood products destined for international trade is an essential step towards minimizing the movement, introduction and establishment of invasive species. One method of managing the pest risk associated with wood commodities is the use of a systems approach that incorporates multiple independent measures applied along a production pathway. However, quantifying the reduction of risk can be difficult because the approach requires raw material infested with the pest of interest at a sufficient density to be able to quantify changes in pest abundance. We tested a systems approach for the production of sawn wood using green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall (Lamiales: Oleaceae), infested with emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), by quantifying the change in pest density during the milling process and the precise effect of heat treatment on insects in situ. Greater than 90% of emerald ash borer were removed at the first step of the milling process (debarking) and &gt;99% were removed before the production of green sawn wood. No insects survived kilning or heat treatment. All life stages of emerald ash borer were killed at 56°C and above. Heat, however, had no sublethal effect on emerald ash borer performance. These results show that the application of a systems approach to mitigate emerald ash borer in heat-treated, sawn wood is effective. Moreover, the model-system approach developed in this study can be a template for investigating the effect of systems approaches for other phloem-feeding insects.
Special issue on logics and artificial intelligence
Authors: Falomir Zoe , Costa Vicent , Plaza Enric , Gibert Karina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere is a significant range of ongoing challenges in artificial intelligence (AI) dealing with reasoning, planning, learning, perception and cognition, among others. In this scenario, many-valued logics emerge as one of the topics in many of the solutions to some of those AI problems. This special issue presents a brief introduction to the relation between logics and AI and collects recent research works on logic-based approaches in AI.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Pediatric Long-term Care Facility Staff Regarding Infection Control for Acute Respiratory Infections and Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Saiman Lisa , Wilmont Sibyl , Hill-Ricciuti Alexandra , Jain Meaghan , Collins Emily , Ton Adrienne , Neu Natalie , Prill Mila M , Garg Shikha , Larson Elaine , Stone Nimalie D , Gerber Susan I , Kim Lindsay 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We surveyed clinical staff and on-site teachers working at pediatric long-term care facilities regarding prevention and control of acute respiratory infections and influenza in staff and residents. We uncovered knowledge gaps, particularly among teachers and clinical staff working &lt;5 years at sites, thereby elucidating areas for targeted staff education.
Constructing the bundle sheath towards enhanced photosynthesis
Authors: Singh Pallavi , Reeves Gregory 
Published: December 2019

This article comments on:
van Rooijen R, Schulze S, Petzsch P, Westhoff P. 2020. Targeted misexpression of NAC052, acting in H3K4 demethylation, alters leaf morphological and anatomical traits in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 1434–1448.
Deamination hotspots among APOBEC3 family members are defined by both target site sequence context and ssDNA secondary structure
Authors: McDaniel Yumeng Z , Wang Dake , Love Robin P , Adolph Madison B , Mohammadzadeh Nazanin , Chelico Linda , Mansky Louis M 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe human apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3, A3) family member proteins can deaminate cytosines in single-strand (ss) DNA, which restricts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), retrotransposons, and other viruses such as hepatitis B virus, but can cause a mutator phenotype in many cancers. While structural information exists for several A3 proteins, the precise details regarding deamination target selection are not fully understood. Here, we report the first parallel, comparative analysis of site selection of A3 deamination using six of the seven purified A3 member enzymes, oligonucleotides having 5′TC3′ or 5′CT3′ dinucleotide target sites, and different flanking bases within diverse DNA secondary structures. A3A, A3F and A3H were observed to have strong preferences toward the TC target flanked by A or T, while all examined A3 proteins did not show a preference for a TC target flanked by a G. We observed that the TC target was strongly preferred in ssDNA regions rather than dsDNA, loop or bulge regions, with flanking bases influencing the degree of preference. CT was also shown to be a potential deamination target. Taken together, our observations provide new insights into A3 enzyme target site selection and how A3 mutagenesis impacts mutation rates.
Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency–associated brain tumors: report from the European C4CMMRD consortium
Authors: Guerrini-Rousseau Léa , Varlet Pascale , Colas Chrystelle , Andreiuolo Felipe , Bourdeaut Franck , Dahan Karin , Devalck Christine , Faure-Conter Cécile , Genuardi Maurizio , Goldberg Yael , Kuhlen Michaela , Moalla Salma , Opocher Enrico , Perez-Alonso Vanessa , Sehested Astrid , Slavc Irene , Unger Sheila , Wimmer Katharina , Grill Jacques , Brugières Laurence 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Malignant brain tumors (BT) are among the cancers most frequently associated with constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD), a rare childhood cancer predisposition syndrome resulting from biallelic germline mutations in mismatch repair genes. This study analyzed data from the European “Care for CMMRD” (C4CMMRD) database to describe their clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcome with the aim of improving its diagnosis/treatment.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of data on patients with CMMRD and malignant BT from the C4CMMRD database up to July 2017.

Results
Among the 87 registered patients, 49 developed 56 malignant BTs: 50 high-grade gliomas (HGG) (with giant multinucleated cells in 16/21 histologically reviewed tumors) and 6 embryonal tumors. The median age at first BT was 9.2 years [1.1–40.6], with nine patients older than 18. Twenty-seven patients developed multiple malignancies (including16 before the BT). Most patients received standard treatment, and eight patients immunotherapy for relapsed HGG. The 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 30% (95% CI: 19–45) and 22% (95% CI: 12–37) after the first BT, with worse prognosis for HGG (3-year OS = 20.5%). Six patients were alive (median follow-up 2.5 years) and 43 dead (38 deaths, 88%, were BT-related). Other CMMRD-specific features were café-au-lait macules (40/41), multiple BTs (5/15), developmental brain anomalies (11/15), and consanguinity (20/38 families).

Conclusions
Several characteristics could help suspecting CMMRD in pediatric malignant BTs: giant cells on histology, previous malignancies, parental consanguinity, café-au-lait macules, multiple BTs, and developmental brain anomalies. The prognosis of CMMRD-associated BT treated with standard therapies is poor requiring new therapeutic up-front approaches.
Sequelae of Lassa Fever: Postviral Cerebellar Ataxia
Authors: Ezeomah Chiomah , Adoga Adeyi , Ihekweazu Chikwe , Paessler Slobodan , Cisneros Irma , Tomori Oyewale , Walker David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLassa fever is a zoonotic disease endemic in some West African countries. It is exported to countries in America, Asia, and Europe. Antivirals against Lassa fever are important to provide a cure in patients with the disease and provide protection against it. In addition, due to the potential utilization of Lassa virus as a bioterrorism agent, vaccines against the disease can be utilized as a counterterrorism measure. Developing antiviral compounds and vaccines against the disease requires understanding of the pathogenesis of Lassa fever and its disease course, including the signs, symptoms, complications, and sequelae. An important sequela of Lassa fever is ataxia. A few cases of postviral ataxia following Lassa fever have been described in the literature. This review focuses on highlighting these cases, the gaps in scientific knowledge where further research is needed, and possible ways of diagnosing postviral ataxia after Lassa fever in resource-limited settings.