bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Ready to Use Supplementary Food for Treating Moderate Acute Malnutrition in Children Aged 6 to 59 Months
Authors: Ntsama Patricia M. , Tsafack Julie Judith T. , Medoua Gabriel Nama , Mbofung Carl M F 
Published: May 2020

<p>Children with moderate malnutrition have a high risk of mortality and MAM is associated with a high number of nutrition-related deaths. If some of these children suffering from MAM do not receive adequate support, they may progress towards severe acute malnutrition (SAM), which is a life-threatening condition. Therefore, the management of MAM should be a public health priority<strong></strong></p><p>A well-balanced diet was prepared based on the recommendation of WHO for the treatment of moderate acute malnourished children aged 6 -59 months. According to the formulae, nine products of RUSF were prepared using cereals, legumes, seeds, oil, sugar, and vitamin and mineral premix. Three products of RUSF MSPe, PBPe, and ISPe were found to be better among the nine products by the mothers after sensory evaluation.</p><p>Based on sensory evaluation in children, RUSF MSPe was found to be the best among the three products. The product was analyzed for proximate composition, mineral, vitamin, digestibility of protein. The protein, fat, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, total ash, vitamin C, Vitamin A, iron, calcium and zinc of 100 g of the product were found to be 15.9g, 33.7g, 44.3g, 6.6g, 2.2g, 54.6 mg, 855 µg, 14.1 mg, 66.6 g and 12.4 µg respectively. The diet can supply 544.5 Kcal/100 g. The energy contributed by the protein, fat, and carbohydrate was found to be 11.68%, 55.7%, and 32.62% of total Kcals respectively. The protein digestibility adjusted to the chemical index PDCASS was 0.95.</p>Hence, the prepared RUSF is in accordance with the specification given by WHO which could be effective in the treatment of moderate acute malnourished children after the clinical trial.
Right‐Lateral Fault Motion along the Slope‐Basin Transition, Gulf of Santa Catalina, Southern California
Authors: Conrad James E. , Brothers Daniel S. , Maier Katherine L. , Ryan Holly F. , Dartnell Peter , Sliter Ray W. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
An active fault system carrying a significant component of right-lateral strike-slip motion extends for ~60 km along the slope–basin transition, ~10 to 20 km offshore of the southern California coast from La Jolla to Dana Point. From south to north, this fault system includes the Carlsbad, San Onofre, and San Mateo fault zones. High-resolution single channel minisparker and chirp seismic reflection data gathered from 2006 to 2011 reveal complex and variable fault zones that are generally characterized by nearly vertical to steeply east-dipping faults with a reverse slip component. The Carlsbad fault zone shows evidence of reverse motion followed by normal separation and probably also includes a component of strike-slip offset. The San Onofre fault zone shows clear evidence of right-lateral slip, offsetting submarine gullies near the base of the slope by approximately 60 m. North of these offset gullies, the base of the slope bends about 30° to the west, following the trend of the San Mateo fault zone, but strands of the San Onofre fault zone trend obliquely up slope, appearing to merge with the Newport–Inglewood fault zone at the shelf edge. These San Onofre fault strands consist of several en echelon left-stepping segments separated by “pop-up” structures, which imply a significant component of right-lateral offset that may serve to transfer right-lateral slip from faults along the base of the slope to the Newport–Inglewood fault zone. Using approximate base Quaternary and base Holocene reflections, segments of the Carlsbad and San Onofre fault zones appear to have experienced right-lateral motion in the Holocene, whereas deformation along the San Mateo fault zone appears to represent a period of mostly pre-Quaternary transpression.
Fault‐Controlled Depositional Environments and Stratigraphy of an Early Inner Borderland Turbidite System: The Miocene Upper Modelo Formation, Eastern Ventura Basin, California
Authors: Gordon Gregory , Pyles David 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Sand-rich turbidite systems in structurally complex, fault-bounded deep-water basins often form prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs. Outcrop studies of ancient examples of these turbidite systems provide information on architecture, depositional controls, and sandstone distribution. Outcrops of the Miocene upper Modelo Formation in eastern Ventura basin, California, are interpreted as a longitudinal transect through a fault-controlled deep-water depositional system, from proximal structural terraces, through a submarine canyon, to the basin floor and toward the basin margin. This study area is divided into three regions based on geographic location, geologic features, and stratigraphic character and architectures. Region 1, interpreted as the feeder system, contains syndepositionally active normal faults (e.g., Devil Canyon fault) near the proximal basin margin; these faults are associated with abrupt changes in depositional environments, lithofacies associations, paleobathymetry, and stratigraphic thickness. An interpreted submarine canyon, with a low net-sandstone content infill, was an area of bypass. Isopach maps reveal that gross thickness is greatest near the canyon mouth. In Region 2, interpreted as the proximal basin floor, a fairway located immediately basinward of the canyon has the highest sandstone content in the basin. In Region 3, interpreted as the medial–distal basin floor, gradual changes in proportions of lithofacies associations are the result of subtle variations in the gradient of the basin floor near the distal basin margin, as interpreted from an isopach map of the upper Modelo Formation. In this area, channel complexes comprising structureless, amalgamated sandstone overlie thin- to medium-bedded, poorly sorted, clay-rich sandstones deposited at lobe fringes. This upward architectural pattern is interpreted as a product of an outwardly expanding depocenter through time.
Santa Barbara Basin Flood Layers: Impact on Sediment Diagenesis
Authors: Berelson William M. , Morine Laura , Sessions Alex , Rollins Nick , Fleming John C. , Schwalbach Jon 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The presence of gray layers, representing flood deposits, has previously been well documented in sediments obtained from Santa Barbara Basin, California. We studied geochemical aspects of these layers, in particular the carbon and sulfur contents and isotopic compositions, and found evidence of rapid pyrite formation. The data are consistent with complete (or nearly complete) sulfate consumption within the pore waters of a gray layer. This requires sulfate reduction rates (SRRs) that exceed the rate of resupply by diffusion, thus on the order of milimolar per day. The apparent rapidity of this diagenetic reaction is addressed. The net result is the precipitation of authigenic pyrite crystals enriched in 34S that become part of the sediment record. Thus, any interpretation of S isotope fluctuations in the marine sedimentary rock record obtained from pyrite must take into account the phenomena we describe and document here.
Multiscale Imaging and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Pore Characterization in Unconventional Carbonate Mudrocks of the Southern Midcontinent (USA): Mississippi Lime Play
Authors: Bode Ibukun Y. , Zhang Chi , Berg Beth Vanden , Grammer G. Michael 
Published: May 2020

Petrophysical characterization and understanding of pore systems and producibility in unconventional reservoirs remains challenging when evaluating reservoir potential. This study’s main objective is to identify and evaluate the controls on petrophysical rock types in unconventional low porosity, low permeability carbonate reservoirs in Mississippian-aged rocks of the southern Midcontinent. Representative samples selected from cores in the study area are calcareous siltstones and grain-rich packstones to grainstones. Rock fabric, pore types, and pore structure of 23 samples were investigated using multiscale image analysis of optical micrographs and scanning electron microscope (SEM) mosaics. Petrographic observations and quantified pore parameters were correlated with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) plug measurements of transverse relaxation times (T2), pore size distribution, and porosity.
Results indicate that pore structure, permeability, and NMR response are closely linked to the dominant pore types, pore sizes, and mineralogy, which are distinctive for specific rocks—allowing for petrophysical rock type (PRT) grouping. NMR signature geometry is distinct in each of these rock type groups. Complex mixed mineralogies in these rocks homogenizes porosity and permeability relationships among rocks of different depositional facies, making it difficult to define clear-cut correlative relationships between pore architecture, rock fabric, and petrophysical response. Petrographic assessment indicates that the primary cause of pore-scale heterogeneity and varying petrophysical response is related to postdepositional diagenesis, such as silicification, cementation, dissolution, and mineralization along pores and pore throats, which produce complicated pore systems and affects matrix permeability.
These observations confirm that incorporating geologic information such as mineralogy, diagenesis, and pore types/pore architecture into rock typing workflows in carbonate mudrock reservoirs is critical to understanding petrophysical response. Additionally, the distinct geometries in each petrophysical rock type group establishes the viability of using NMR as a rock typing tool based on the correlative relationships between NMR response, pore types, and facies.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection during late pregnancy: A Report of 18 patients from Wuhan, China
Authors: Zhang Lu , Dong Lan , Ming Lei , Wei Min , Li Jun , Hu Ruheng , Yang Jing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Compared with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(MESR), Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) spread more rapidly and widely. The population was generally susceptible. However, reports on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 were very limited. By sharing the clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes of 18 patients with COVID-19 during late pregnancy, we hoped to provide some references for obstetric treatment and management.Methods: A total of 18 patients with COVID-19 treated in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were collected. The epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, chest CT and pregnancy outcomes were performed for analysis.Results: 1. 18 cases of late pregnancy infected with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia were delivered at 35 + 5 weeks to 41 weeks. According to the clinical classification of COVID-19, 1 case was mild type, 16 cases were ordinary type, and 1 case was severe type. 2. According to Imaging examinations: 15 (83%) cases showed unilateral or bilateral pneumonia, 2 (11%) cases had pulmonary infection with pleural effusion, and 1 (6%) case had no abnormal imaging changes. 8 (44%) cases were positive and 10 (56%) cases were negative for nasopharyngeal-swab tests of SARS-CoV-2. 3. Among the 18 newborns, there were 3 (17%) premature infants, 1 (6%) case of mild asphyxia, 5 (28%) cases of bacterial pneumonia, 1 (6%) case of gastrointestinal bleeding, 1 (6%) case of necrotizing enteritis, 2 (11%) cases of hyperbilirubinemia and 1 (6%) case of diarrhea. All the newborns were negative for the first throat swab test of SARS-CoV-2 after birth. 4. Follow-up to Mar 7, 2020, no maternal and neonatal deaths occurred.Conclusions: The majority of patients in late term pregnancy with COVID-19 were of ordinary type, and they less likely developed into critical pneumonia after early isolation and antiviral treatment. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was not detected, but the proportion of neonatal bacterial pneumonia was higher than other neonatal diseases in newborns.
Patient feedback to improve quality of patient-centred care in public hospitals: a systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Wong Eunice , Mavondo Felix , Fisher Jane 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: To review systematically the published literature relating to interventions informed by patient feedback for improvement to quality of care in hospital settings. Methods: A systematic search was performed in the CINAHL, EMBASE, PsyInfo, MEDLINE, Cochrane Libraries, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases for English-language publications from January 2008 till October 2018 using a combination of MeSH-terms and keywords related to patient feedback, quality of health care, patient-centred care, program evaluation and public hospitals. The quality appraisal of the studies was conducted with the MMAT and the review protocol was published on PROSPERO. Narrative synthesis was used for evaluation of the effectiveness of the interventions on patient-centred quality of care. Results: Twenty papers reporting 20 studies met the inclusion criteria, of these, there was one cluster RCT, three before and after studies, four cross-sectional studies and 12 organisational case studies. In the quality appraisal, 11 studies were rated low, five medium and only two of high methodological quality. Two studies could not be appraised because insufficient information was provided. The papers reported on interventions to improve communication with patients, professional practices in continuity of care and care transitions, responsiveness to patients, patient education, the physical hospital environment, use of patient feedback by staff and on quality improvement projects. However, quantitative outcomes were only provided for interventions in the areas of communication, professional practices in continuity of care and care transitions and responsiveness to patients. Multi-component interventions which targeted both individual and organisational levels were more effective than single interventions. Outcome measures reported in the studies were patient experiences across various diverse dimensions including, communication, responsiveness, coordination of and access to care, or patient satisfaction with waiting times, physical environment and staff courtesy. Conclusion: Overall, it was found that there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of interventions, because few have been tested in well-designed trials, very few papers described the theoretical basis on which the intervention had been developed. Further research is needed to understand the choice and mechanism of action of the interventions used to improve patient experience.
Feasibility of Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion through the Posterior Paraspinal Approach: Technical Note and Preliminary Result
Authors: Kim Hyeun-Sung , Raorane Harshavardhan Dilip , Wu Pang Hung , Heo Dong Hwa , Yi Yeon Jin , Yang Kyung-Hoon , Jang Il Tae 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The implement of endoscopic spinal surgery into degenerative spinal disease has minimized the requirement of fusion procedures. However, it is still necessary to develop endoscopic spine surgery in certain patients requiring fusion such as instability. We performed a full-endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(eTLIF) through a conventional paraspinal approach. The feasibility of procedure and early outcome were evaluated.Materials and Methods: eighteen consecutive patients with degenerative lumbar disease underwent eTLIF through a conventional paraspinal approach. Their clinical outcomes were evaluated with visual analog scale(VAS) leg pain score, Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) and the MacNab's criteria; radiological outcome measured with segmental lordosis, global lumbar lordosis, disc height on plain radiograph and percentage of potential fusion mass on CT scan at pre-operative, post-operative and final follow up period. intra operative and post-operative complications noted.Results: Mean age was 63. 71 years and Mean follow-up periods was 7.78 months. According to the level, L2-3 (1 case), L3-4 (4 cases), L4-5 (13 cases) and L5-S1 (2 cases). In the X-ray result, mean segmental lordosis angle(SLA) improved in pre-operative/post-operative/follow-up period 9.87±2.74 degree/ 11.79±3.74 degree/ 10.56±3.69 degree (p > 0.01); mean lumbar lordosis angle(LLA) improved 37.1±7.04 degree/ 39.2±7.13 degree/ 35.7±7.25 degree(p > 0.01). Mean preoperative disc height(DH) improved from 8.97±1.49 mm/ 12.34±1.39 mm/ 11.44±1.98 mm (p < 0.01). In the CT result, Average percentage of fusion mass was 42.61%. VAS was improved significantly, 7.67 / 3.39 / 2.5 and ODI was improved significantly, 74.9 / 34.56 / 27.76 by each preoperative / postoperative / final follow-up. In the clinical result, excellent was 5 cases and good was 13 cases. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, eTLIF was competent enough to perform as open TLIF. and good results were obtained in the form of endplate preservation, disc height restoration, minimal blood loss and post-operative pain with early mobilization. In addition, the fusion volume including the cage and the bone graft material occupies 40% to 50% of disc space is expected to give sufficient fusion by using 3D printed cages which gives the high fusion rate. In conclusion, eTLIF is considered to be a viable surgical procedure.
Study on Welding Adaptability of Spray Formed 2195 Al-Li Alloy Filler Wires
Authors: Ma Yunlong , Wang Guohui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Study on the weldability of Al-Li alloy indicates that the composition design of filler wires, and the morphology and content of the strengthening elements dominate microstructures, mechanical properties and defect control of fusion welding joint; and the welding process can actively correct the joint performances within limits. The filler wires of the both Al-Cu and Al-Cu -Zr alloy systems were developed and comparison and analysis were carried out to their adaptability along with study of the weldability of spray formed 2195 Al-Li alloy. The EDSD (electron back-scattered diffraction) detection method was applied to obtain the statistics of the microstructure fraction, grain size and small angle grain boundary of weld joints and their microstructures and correspondingly establish the interrelationship between the filler compositions and joint microstructure and performances; moreover, a microstructure matching based optimization approach was put forward to the fusion welding filter based on analysis of characteristics between weld joints and the base metal microstructures.
Clinical analysis of blood markers and imaging for diagnosis and prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yang Desheng , Li Haini , Zhang Shengxia , Yang Guifeng , Liu Song , Liu Zongtao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to explore the combined diagnostic value of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (A-CCP), rheumatoid factor (RF) and imaging result in early rheumatoid arthritis, and the role of A-CCP and RF in prediction for radiological outcomes. Methods 101 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 97 control individuals were detect their A-CCP, RF and radiological joint changes, the diagnostic efficacy of the respective indicators and the combined indicators was analyzed by logistic regression model. Results Our results showed that values of A-CCP and RF were significantly higher in the RA group than in the normal group. Receiver operating characteristic curve results show that the sensitivity of RF is higher than A-CCP and radiological outcome, and specificity of CCP is higher than RA and radiological outcome, and the diagnostic ability of combination of RF, A-CCP and radiological outcome is the strongest. Furthermore, RF and A-CCP had high significant OR for radiological joint damage and progression. Conclusions Our study indicated that the combined diagnosis of RF and A-CCP with radiological outcome can improve the diagnostic efficacy of RA, and RF and A-CCP are independent predictors of radiological damage and progression.
Transcriptome Assembly and Gene Expression Analysis of Leaf and Rhizome tissues of Dioscorea opposita
Authors: Hou Dianyun , Cheng Ruiyang , Li Zhihong , Xu Jingya , Ma Zhanqiang , Zhao Xingli , Xu Huawei , Xu Jiang , Hou Xiaogai 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Dioscorea opposita is a monocotyledonous plant in the Dioscoreaceae family. The rhizome of D. opposita, known as “dioscoreae rhiaoma” or “Chinese yam”, is not only a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, but also a popular health food.Methods:In this study, the leaf and rhizome tissues of D. opposita were collected. Their transcriptome sequenceand were obtained using an Illumina Hiseq 4000 platform. The data was analyzed by bioinformatics software. Likewise, the consistent expression pattern of DEGs was validated with qRT-PCR analysis.Results: A total of 46,982,031 and 53,689,620 clean reads from leaf and rhizome tissues were acquired, respectively (SRP: PRJNA628588). 50,765 unigenes were obtained with an average length of 1050 base pairs (bp). A total of 13,259 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from leaf versus rhizome tissues, including 5536 up-regulated and 7723 down-regulated unigenes. In addition, 20,607 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in this study. Conclusions:This study not only enriched the transcriptomic data of D. opposita, but also laid a foundation for the analysis of terpenoid synthesis pathway.
Prevalence and factors associated with malaria among under-five children in Ethiopia: A Systematic review and Meta-analysis Protocol
Authors: Woday Abay , Dessalegn Mulluken , Birara Setognal , Urmale Kusse 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The Sub-Saharan African countries have been carried 80% of the global burden of malaria. Consequently, malaria is still the leading cause of under-five mortality in developing nations. In Ethiopia, studies conducted regarding prevalence and associated factors of malaria among under five children are inconsistently reported and highly variable.Objective: to determine the pooled prevalence and associated factors of malaria among under five children in Ethiopia. Methods: The protocol for this review is registered at PROSPERO with registration number: CRD42020157886. A comprehensive search of the following electronic databases were made using: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, web science, HINARI, Cochrane library, Google Scholar and maternity & infant care databases as well as grey literature uploaded at Ethiopian Health Development Journal were searched until May 2020. The quality of studies will be assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. All identified observational studies reporting the prevalence of malaria and associated factors among under five children in Ethiopia will be considered. Three reviewers will screen all retrieved articles, conduct data extraction, and then critically appraise all identified studies. The analysis of data will be done using STATA 14.0 statistical software. We will determine the pooled prevalence and determinants of malaria among under five children using random effect model with effect size and 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity among the included studies will be assessed through the Cochrane Q-test statistics and I2 test. Furthermore, publication bias will be checked using funnel plot and egger’s test. Finally, statistical significance level will be declared at a p-value less than 0.05. Discussion: The result from this systematic review will inform and guide health policy planners and researchers on the burden, and determinants of under five children malaria in Ethiopia. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review in Ethiopia. We will synthesize the findings to generate up-to-date knowledge on malaria among under five children in Ethiopia.