bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective connectivity in autism
Authors: Rolls Edmund T. , Zhou Yunyi , Cheng Wei , Gilson Matthieu , Deco Gustavo , Feng Jianfeng 
Published: October 2019

The aim was to go beyond functional connectivity, by measuring in the first large‐scale study differences in effective, that is directed, connectivity between brain areas in autism compared to controls. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging was analyzed from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) data set in 394 people with autism spectrum disorder and 473 controls, and effective connectivity (EC) was measured between 94 brain areas. First, in autism, the middle temporal gyrus and other temporal areas had lower effective connectivities to the precuneus and cuneus, and these were correlated with the Autism Diagnostic Observational Schedule total, communication, and social scores. This lower EC from areas implicated in face expression analysis and theory of mind to the precuneus and cuneus implicated in the sense of self may relate to the poor understanding of the implications of face expression inputs for oneself in autism, and to the reduced theory of mind. Second, the hippocampus and amygdala had higher EC to the middle temporal gyrus in autism, and these are thought to be back projections based on anatomical evidence and are weaker than in the other direction. This may be related to increased retrieval of recent and emotional memories in autism. Third, some prefrontal cortex areas had higher EC with each other and with the precuneus and cuneus. Fourth, there was decreased EC from the temporal pole to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and there was evidence for lower activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, a brain area implicated in emotion‐related decision‐making. Autism Res 2020, 13: 32–44. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryTo understand autism spectrum disorders better, it may be helpful to understand whether brain systems cause effects on each other differently in people with autism. In this first large‐scale neuroimaging investigation of effective connectivity in people with autism, it is shown that parts of the temporal lobe involved in facial expression identification and theory of mind have weaker effects on the precuneus and cuneus implicated in the sense of self. This may relate to the poor understanding of the implications of face expression inputs for oneself in autism, and to the reduced theory of mind.
Assessing the Ion Transport Properties of Highly Concentrated Non‐Flammable Electrolytes in a Commercial Li‐Ion Battery Cell
Authors: Sälzer Fabian , Pateras Pescara Lars , Franke Felix , Müller Clemens , Winkler Jacqueline , Schwalm Michael , Roling Bernhard 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn order to assess the ion transport properties of alternative non‐flammable electrolytes in a typical commercial Li‐ion battery cell, we have measured the ionic conductivity
and the lithium‐ion transference number under anion‐blocking conditions,
, for two classes of highly concentrated battery electrolytes: (i) Mixtures of the ionic liquid N‐methyl‐N‐propyl‐pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (Pyr13FSI) with different amounts of the lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI), and (ii) a solvate ionic liquid consisting of an equimolar mixture of tetraglyme (G4) and LiFSI. Together with previously published data on the solvate ionic liquid G4/LiTFSI (1 : 1), the obtained Li+ ion transport data was used to estimate the overall resistance and the resulting maximum cycling rate of a commercial 10 Ah Li‐ion pouch cell containing these alternative electrolytes. Our results suggest that Pyr13FSI/LiFSI mixtures would allow for maximum charging/discharging rates close to 1 C, while the solvate ionic liquids would only support maximum rates of about 0.3 C.
Effects of different doses of erythropoietin in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Balleari Enrico , Filiberti Rosa Angela , Salvetti Chiara , Allione Bernardino , Angelucci Emanuele , Bruzzone Marco , Calzamiglia Tullio , Cavaliere Marina , Cavalleri Maurizio , Cilloni Daniela , Clavio Marino , Crisà Elena , Da Col Anna , Danise Paolo , Pilo Federica , Ferrero Dario , Finelli Carlo , Gioia Daniela , Lemoli Roberto Massimo , Masiera Elisa , Messa Emanuela , Miglino Maurizio , Musto Pellegrino , Natalie Oliva Esther , Poloni Antonella , Salvi Flavia , Sanna Alessandro , Scudeletti Marco , Tassara Rodolfo , Santini Valeria 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundErythropoiesis‐stimulating agents effectively improve the hemoglobin levels in a fraction of anemic patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Higher doses (HD) of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) have been proposed to overcome suboptimal response rates observed in MDS patients treated with lower “standard doses” (SD) of rhEPO. However, a direct comparison between the different doses of rhEPO is lacking.MethodsA cohort of 104 MDS patients treated with HD was retrospectively compared to 208 patients treated with SD in a propensity score‐matched analysis to evaluate hematological improvement‐erythroid (HI‐E) rate induced by the different doses of rhEPO. The impact of rhEPO doses on survival and progression to leukemia was also investigated.ResultsOverall HI‐E rate was 52.6%. No difference was observed between different rhEPO doses (P = .28) in matched cohorts; in a subgroup analysis, transfusion‐dependent patients and patients with higher IPSS‐R score obtained a higher HI‐E rate with HD, although without significant impact on overall survival (OS). Achievement of HI‐E resulted in superior OS. At univariate analysis, a higher HI‐E rate was observed in transfusion‐independent patients (P < .001), with a lower IPSS‐R score (P < .001) and lower serum EPO levels (P = .027). Multivariate analysis confirmed that rhEPO doses were not significantly related to HI‐E (P = .26). There was no significant difference in OS or progression to leukemia in patients treated with HD vs SD.ConclusionSD are substantially equally effective to HD to improve anemia and influencing survival in MDS patients stratified according to similar propensity to be exposed to rhEPO treatment.
Electrodeposited Binder‐Free Antimony−Iron−Phosphorous Composites as Advanced Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Rong Wen‐Qian , You Jin‐Hai , Zheng Xiao‐Mei , Tu Guo‐Ping , Tao Shan , Zhang Peng‐Yue , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Li Jun‐Tao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe limited availability and rising cost of lithium have motivated research into sodium as an alternative ion for rechargeable batteries. However, anode development for such sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) has advanced slowly. Herein, novel binder‐free ternary Sb−Fe−P composites were synthesized through a controllable electrodeposition method and were examined as prospective anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). The Sb47Fe39P14 electrode exhibited a high desodiation capacity of 431.4 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 with a capacity retention of 97.8% during the 200th cycle. Further, this anode delivered a high rate capacity (245.8 mA h g−1 at 2000 mA g−1). The promising Na‐ion storage, cycle and rate performance of the Sb47Fe39P14 electrode are mainly ascribed to the synergistic effect of its microstructure and active/inactive metal matrix. A kinetics investigation revealed that the rate capability of the Sb47Fe39P14 electrode can be attributed to the combination of primary pseudocapacitive and secondary solid‐state diffusion contributions. The results of this study should enable the development of a controllable, scalable electrodeposition strategy and help explore other metallic composites with excellent lifespans and high rate capabilities for practical SIB applications.
Large‐Scale Experiments on the Formation of Surface Vortices with and without Vortex Suppression
Authors: Szeliga Nicolai , Helmrich von Elgott Lando , Bezecny Daniel , Richter Steffen , Hoffmann Marko , Schlüter Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractExperiments were carried out in a 50‐m3 cylindrical tank to determine the influence of strong momentum on the formation of large‐scale gas‐core vortices. Gas‐core lengths were measured for varying volume flow rates and submergence depths. The critical Froude numbers were also determined and the efficiency of different vortex suppressors on the gas‐core formation was investigated. The horizontal velocity field inside the vortex core region was additionally recorded using particle image velocimetry. The experimental results were used to verify numerical simulations and compared to vortex models and correlations from literature.
Deep neural network based recursive feature learning for nonlinear dynamic process monitoring
Authors: Zhu Jiazhen , Shi Hongbo , Song Bing , Tan Shuai , Tao Yang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe data collected from modern industrial processes always have nonlinear and dynamic characteristics. The recently developed deep neural network method, stacked denoising auto‐encoder (SDAE), can extract robust nonlinear latent variables from data against noise. However, it leaves the dynamic relationship unconsidered. To solve this problem, a novel algorithm named the recursive stacked denoising auto‐encoder (RSDAE) is proposed. To learn the dynamic relationship, the RSDAE focuses on the predictability of the latent variables in the recurrence to contain the most dynamic variations. After the dynamic variations are extracted by the RSDAE, there is little autocorrelation left in the residuals. Then, the residuals can be monitored by principal component analysis (PCA). For the purpose of process monitoring, corresponding fault detection statistics are developed based on the RSDAE. Finally, a numerical case and the Tennessee Eastman process benchmark are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Theory of antiparallel microtubule overlap stabilization by motors and diffusible crosslinkers
Authors: Lera‐Ramirez Manuel , Nédélec François J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAntiparallel microtubule bundles are essential structural elements of many cytoskeletal structures, for instance, the mitotic spindle. Sliding of microtubules relative to each other can lead to an overall elongation of the bundle. However, such sliding must be accompanied by microtubule growth, to maintain the overlap, which is a landmark of anaphase. Diffusive crosslinkers of the Ase1/PRC1/MAP65 family are able to form stable overlaps in combination with kinesin‐14 motors. This process is thought to arise through a balance of forces between motors and crosslinkers, the latter effectively producing an entropic pressure. We provide a continuous theory to explain the formation of stable overlaps, in which steric effects caused by the finite number of binding sites available on the microtubule lattice play a leading role. We confirmed the validity of this approach using discrete stochastic simulations performed with the Open Source simulation engine Cytosim. From the densities of motors and crosslinkers, their diffusion rates, and the velocities of motors, the theory predicts the sliding speed of microtubules and explains the force production and breaking effect of crosslinkers and motors containing diffusible microtubule‐binding domains. Finally, we discuss a mechanism by which sliding and microtubule growth can be coordinated without the need for fine‐tuning the parameters of the system, in line with the known robustness of mitosis.
Novel Hydrophilic Riminophenazines as Potent Antiprotozoal Agents
Authors: Bassanini Ivan , Parapini Silvia , Basilico Nicoletta , Sparatore Anna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSAR studies on a set of novel hydrophilic C‐2 aminopyridinyl riminophenazines bearing variously functionalized basic side chains at C‐3 were conducted. The novel compounds were evaluated for in vitro activity against two different species of Leishmania promastigotes, intramacrophage Leishmania amastigotes, chloroquine‐sensitive and chloroquine‐resistant strains of P. falciparum, and also against mature‐stage P. falciparum gametocytes. Their cytotoxicity was evaluated as well on BMDM cell lines. Most of the new compounds potently inhibited the growth of both genera of protozoa with IC50 values in the high nanomolar range and good selectivities versus mammalian cells. Besides their potent activity against asexual intraerythrocytic stages of P. falciparum, three compounds showed potential as transmission‐blocking agents. The key role of the hydrophilic C‐2 aminopyridinyl substituent to improve the leishmanicidal activity and the influence of the length and the nature of the basic side chain on the antiprotozoal activity and cytotoxicity were underlined.
Direct‐to‐member mailed colorectal cancer screening outreach for Medicaid and Medicare enrollees: Implementation and effectiveness outcomes from the BeneFIT study
Authors: Coronado Gloria D. , Green Beverly B. , West Imara I. , Schwartz Malaika R. , Coury Jennifer K. , Vollmer William M. , Shapiro Jean A. , Petrik Amanda F. , Baldwin Laura‐Mae 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundColorectal cancer screening uptake is low, particularly among individuals enrolled in Medicaid. To the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the effectiveness of direct‐to‐member outreach by Medicaid health insurance plans to raise colorectal cancer screening use, nor how best to deliver such outreach.MethodsBeneFIT is a hybrid implementation‐effectiveness study of 2 program models that health plans developed for a mailed fecal immunochemical test (FIT) intervention. The programs differed with regard to whether they used a centralized approach (Health Plan Washington) or collaborated with health centers (Health Plan Oregon). The primary implementation outcome of the current study was the percentage of eligible enrollees to whom the plans delivered each intervention component. The primary effectiveness outcome was the rate of FIT completion within 6 months of mailing of the introductory letter.ResultsThe health plans identified 12,000 eligible enrollees (8551 in Health Plan Washington and 3449 in Health Plan Oregon). Health Plan Washington mailed an introductory letter and FIT kit to 8551 enrollees (100%) and delivered a reminder call to 839 (10.3% of the 8132 attempted). Health Plan Oregon mailed an introductory letter, and a letter and FIT kit plus a reminder postcard to 2812 enrollees (81.5%) and 2650 enrollees (76.8%), respectively. FIT completion rates were 18.2% (1557 of 8551 enrollees) in Health Plan Washington. In Health Plan Oregon, completion rates were 17.4% (488 of 2812 enrollees) among enrollees who were mailed an introductory letter and 18.3% (484 of 2650 enrollees) among enrollees who also were mailed a FIT kit plus reminder postcard.ConclusionsThe implementation of mailed FIT outreach by health plans may be effective and could reach many individuals at risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Compact low‐cost high‐voltage pulse generator for biological applications
Authors: Achour Yahia , Starzyński Jacek , Kasprzycka Wiktoria , Trafny Elżbieta Anna 
Published: October 2019

SummaryIn order to test the electroporation applied to mammalian cells (DU‐145 human prostate cancer cell line), treated with short (30 ns) intense electric pulses, a new architecture of a pulse generator is proposed. It provides a quasi‐rectangular output with nanosecond rise time and fully controlled repetition rate, which allows the control of the electric field dose applied to the cells. The system consists of a pulse generator with a high voltage gain and power efficiency, but it outputs exponential pulses. To improve that side, a pulse forming line (PFL) is used to get the final rectangular pulse. The whole device is designed using a multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) technology. That reduces the cost and increases the compactness of the generator. The output is connected to a special electroporation cuvette filled with special liquid. The impedance of such load is not well known, that is why some preliminary tests were carried out to identify the load of the generator. A number of simulations allowed to validate the design and to find out the influence of different parameters on its characteristics. Finally, a compact 4‐kV generator was built and tested. The results are discussed and compared with those obtained from simulations.
Rapid jamming detection approach based on fuzzy in WSN
Authors: Kanagasabapathy Pradeep Mohan Kumar , Kedalu Poornachary Vijayakumar , Murugan Saravanan , Natesan Arivazhagan , Ponnusamy Vijayakumar 
Published: October 2019

SummaryIt is necessary for securing wireless sensor networks from jamming, since these networks are easily attacked by jammers. Jamming may be made by either external jammer node or internal node, which may become as an adversary in future. In this paper, two approaches are proposed in the cluster‐based sensor network to detect the maliciousness level of nodes to secure sensor networks from jamming attacks. First approach detects maliciousness level of nodes using two modules, namely, certification module and monitoring module. Certification module defends the network from the jammers. Monitoring module discovers the sensor nodes that are jammed by a jammer. Second approach uses fuzzy logic for optimizing the jamming metrics to determine the occurrence of jamming accurately. The proposed system achieves 99.58% detection ratio to determine node's maliciousness level.
A distal enhancer that directs Otx2 expression in the retinal pigment epithelium and neuroretina
Authors: Bhansali Punita , Cvekl Ales , Liu Wei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundHomeodomain transcription factor Otx2 is essential for embryonic development of multiple head tissues, including retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neuroretina. Temporospatial regulation of Otx2 expression is critical for its functions. Molecular dissection of the cis‐acting enhancers will help elucidate how Otx2 expression is regulated.ResultsWe comprehensively characterized distal enhancer hs1150 that was previously identified in a high throughput study. We established multiple transgenic mouse lines in which human hs1150, corresponding mouse hs1150, and two highly conserved sub‐fragments in the mouse hs1150 were individually fused to a minimal hsp68 promoter to drive reporter expression. We found that hs1150 enhancer directed reporter expression in the RPE, neuroretina, and brain in a developmentally regulated manner. Human hs1150‐directed reporter expression largely recapitulated Otx2 expression in the RPE, in the early neuroretina, and to a lesser degree in the early brain. Mouse hs1150, although shorter than human hs1150, exhibited similar enhancer activity, indicating functional conservation of hs1150 enhancer across species. Both of the highly conserved subfragments in mouse hs1150 enhancer directed reporter expression in the early neuroretina, indicating that the hs1150 enhancer has two functional components.ConclusionsOur findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of Otx2 retinal expression.
Psychological features in obesity: A network analysis
Authors: Calugi Simona , Dalle Grave Riccardo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveEnhanced understanding of psychosocial factors associated with obesity may improve knowledge of their interplay mechanisms. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between psychosocial variables in individuals with obesity using a network analysis.MethodsPatients seeking treatment for obesity were consecutively recruited from a rehabilitative residential treatment program for severe obesity between January 2016 and March 2019. Each patient completed the following questionnaires: Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist‐90, Obesity Related Well‐Being, and Weight Bias Internalization Scale. In addition, current body mass index (BMI) was measured, and maximum acceptable and dream BMI were assessed.ResultsThe sample comprised 996 patients with obesity (age 52.3 [SD = 16.0] years; BMI 41.8 [SD = 7.8] kg/m2; 65.7% women; 52.2% married or living with a partner). Network analysis showed that interpersonal sensitivity and shape–weight concern, but also internalized weight stigma, were the most central and highly interconnected nodes in the network. In contrast, objective binge‐eating episodes and dietary restraint were the most peripheral and least connected nodes. Eating disorder features and psychological distress formed two clearly separate clusters. No difference in network structure was found between men and women.ConclusionsThe pattern of network node connections supports the importance of assessing psychological distress, interpersonal sensitivity, shape–weight concern, and internalized weight stigma in patients seeking treatment for obesity.
Preaching to the choir or composing new verses? Toward a writerly climate literacy in introductory undergraduate biology
Authors: Duffy Meghan A. , Hammond J. W. , Cheng Susan J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractClimate change is one of the most pressing issues facing society today, yet a wide range of misconceptions exist in society about whether or why climate change is happening, what its consequences are, and what can be done to address it. Large introductory biology courses present an opportunity to teach a large number of students—some of whom may never take another course focused on climate, ecology, or the environment—about climate change. However, content knowledge alone may not be enough to prepare students to transform their knowledge into action. To begin understanding how content knowledge interacts with student constructions of climate change solutions, we administered and quantitatively analyzed a survey that examined student views of climate change and how they shifted with instruction during an undergraduate introductory biology course at a large Midwestern university. Almost all participants entered the course agreeing that climate change is occurring, and their certainty about the science of climate change increased after instruction. After taking the course, more participants described climate change as having more immediate impacts, reporting that climate change is already harming people and that climate change will harm them personally. However, both at the beginning and end of the course, participants tended to think that humans would either be unable or unwilling to reduce climate change. They were also more worried about climate change at the end of the course than they were before. Increased concern might result from students becoming more certain of the science and severity of climate change, while remaining pessimistic that humans will effectively act on climate change. This pattern suggests instructors have opportunities to modify curricula in ways that leave students with a greater sense of empowerment and efficacy; we suggest questions that instructors can ask themselves in order to modify their courses with this goal in mind.