bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First observation of unlocking the locked mode by electrode biasing on J-TEXT tokamak
Authors: Chen Zhipeng , Wang Tong , Yu Qingquan , Hu Qiming , Li Da , Yang Jie , Han Dongliang , Shen Chengshuo , Xia Minghui , Liu Hai , Wang Nengchao , Huang Zhuo , Yang Zhoujun , Cheng Zhifeng , Gao Li , Ding Yonghua , Shi Peng , Chen Zhongyong , Zhuang Ge , Liang Yunfeng , team J-TEXT 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Major disruptions, often caused by locked m/n = 2/1 modes (m/n is the poloidal/toroidal mode number), are great threat to a tokamak fusion reactor and should be mitigated or avoided. The locked 2/1 modes have been unlocked by electrode biasing (EB) for the first time in J-TEXT tokamak experiments. The application of a sufficiently negative EB voltage in plasma edge region quickly changes the phase and amplitude of the locked 2/1 mode and drives the mode to rotate in about 10–30 ms. For a larger EB current or a smaller locked mode amplitude, the mode is more easily to be unlocked, revealing a new method for mode unlocking and avoiding plasma disruptions.
Comment on ‘Assessing ExxonMobil’s climate change communications (1977–2014)’ Supran and Oreskes (2017 Environ. Res. Lett. 12 084019)
Authors: Swarup V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Supran and Oreskes (Environ. Res. Lett. 12 084019) employ a textual content analysis and comparison of 187 climate change communications from ExxonMobil (and its predecessor companies) to determine whether a discrepancy exists between published opinion pieces (‘advertorials’) and internal technical documents. Based on their analysis, the authors conclude that the company (ExxonMobil) misled the public. That conclusion is premised on at least two methodological flaws. First, the authors largely compared data from two different companies who were direct competitors to determine whether there was a discrepancy between them. Ignoring that before 1999 Exxon Corporation and Mobil Oil Corporation were two separate companies, the authors compare the internal documents of one company to the public statements of another in an effort to find discrepancies in the messages conveyed. Second, the publication assessed only a small subset of available advertorials. The authors note that ‘the company [Mobil] took out an advertorial every Thursday between 1972 and 2001’ or approximately 1560 times. Yet they chose to review only the 36 advertorials (or less than 3%) that were selected by another entity, Greenpeace, which has a well-documented history of animosity toward ExxonMobil. The authors’ reliance on limited data sets and their comparison of two unlike data sets call into question the publication’s conclusions.
Reply to Comment on ‘Assessing ExxonMobil’s climate change communications (1977–2014)’ Supran and Oreskes (2017 Environ. Res. Lett. 12 084019)
Authors: Supran Geoffrey , Oreskes Naomi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
ExxonMobil Corp Vice President Vijay Swarup’s criticisms of our 2017 study (2017 Environ. Res. Lett.
12 084019), which demonstrated that ExxonMobil misled the public about climate change, are misleading and incorrect. Thanks in part to his feedback, we can now conclude with even greater confidence that Exxon, Mobil, and ExxonMobil Corp have all, variously, misled the public. We introduce new evidence that by the early 1980s, more than a decade before Mobil launched a vast advertising campaign to attack climate science and its implications, they were already explicitly aware of the potential for their products to cause dangerous global warming. We also observe that part of the comment is based on material provided by a contributor recruited and paid by ExxonMobil Corp, in our opinion as part of a product defense strategy. The comment does not disclose that. This is a case in point of what we argue is misleading behavior documented in our original study.
Quantum speed limit time, non-Markovianity and quantum phase transition in Ising spins system
Authors: Musadiq Muhammad , Khan Salman 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We study the dynamics of quantum speed limit (QSL) time of a central spin, uniformly interacting with the spins of an Ising spin chain placed in a transverse magnetic field, and the non-Markovianity of the spin environment. Both pure and time dependent mixed initial states of the central spin are taken into account. For a pure initial state, both the quantities work as indicators for quantum phase transition (QPT) and can locate the critical point (CP). For a time dependent mixed initial state of the central spin, QSL time also shows anomalous behavior in the vicinity of the CP, a signature of signaling QPT. The numerical simulations show that the spin environment has potential capacity for speeding up quantum evolution, which can be manipulated through the strength of the applied magnetic field.
Propagator for a driven Brownian particle in step potentials
Authors: Uhl Matthias , Weissmann Volker , Seifert Udo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Although driven Brownian particles are ubiquitous in stochastic dynamics and often serve as paradigmatic model systems for many aspects of stochastic thermodynamics, fully analytically solvable models are few and far between. In this paper, we introduce an iterative calculation scheme, similar to the method of images in electrostatics, that enables one to obtain the propagator if the potential consists of a finite number of steps. For the special case of a single potential step, this method converges after one iteration, thus providing an expression for the propagator in closed form. In all other cases, the iteration results in an approximation that holds for times smaller than some characteristic timescale that depends on the number of iterations performed. This method can also be applied to a related class of systems like Brownian ratchets, which do not formally contain step potentials in their definition, but impose the same kind of boundary conditions that are caused by potential steps.
Atmospheric effects on satellite-mediated continuous-variable quantum key distribution
Authors: Zuo Zhiyue , Wang Yijun , Huang Duan , Guo Ying 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Satellite-mediated quantum key distribution (QKD) has received considerable attention due to its potential to reach a global scale. Associated with this application is the atmospheric effects that set a notably restrict to the secret key rate. Here we demonstrate the atmospheric effects on satellite-mediated continuous-variable QKD with respect to the transmittance, fiber coupling, and excess noise. We consider the effects on both downlink and uplink while illustrating the discrepancy between them. Numerical analysis shows that downlink has more reliable transmittance than uplink while enduring a severe fiber coupling issue. It reveals that the discrepancy in transmittance is mainly due to the energy redistribution of the arriving beam. In addition, the time-of-arrival fluctuation notably reduces transmittance when the transmitted pulse half-width is sufficiently narrow (less than 10−13), and it introduces a controllable excess noise if the signal has a strong correlation with the local oscillator.
Optimizing protein, lipid and carbohydrate levels in diets for growth of juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ x E. lanceolatus ♂)
Authors: Giri N A , Muzaki A , Marzuqi M , Sudewi  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ χ E. lanceolatus ♂) that is well known as “cantang” has a good prospect for aquaculture due to its high economic value, fast growing and good acceptance to compound feed. However, information on feed specification for this grouper is still limited. Therefore, this research aimed to find out the good proportions of protein, lipid and carbohydrate in feed for hybrid grouper. Six experimental diets were formulated with protein contents of 48, 44 and 40%, which then combined with lipid contents of 9-17% and carbohydrate contents of 15-32%. Juvenile hybrid grouper of 4.8 ± 0.6 g body weight were stocked into 24 fiber tanks, 400 L in volume, with a density of 40 fish/tank. Fish were fed experimental diet twice every day for 56 days. Resuls of the experiment showed specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed 48% protein diet was not significantly different with SGR of fish fed diet containing 44% protein, 14% lipid, 15% carbohydrate and SGR of fish fed diet containing 40% protein, 16% lipid, 15% carbohydrate. The best protein efficiency ratio and protein retention were achieved in fish fed diet containing 44% protein, 14% lipid and 15% carbohydrate as well as in fish fed diet containing 40% protein, 16% lipid and 15% carbohydrate. This result suggested feed containing 44% protein, 14% lipid and 15% carbohydrate or feed containing 40% protein, 16% lipid and 15% carbohydrates was effective in increasing dietary protein efficiency and support good growth for juvenile hybrid grouper cantang.
Damage level and area suitability of mangrove in small island Indonesia
Authors: Abubakar S , Subur R , Malik F R , Akbar N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The mangrove ecosystem has functions that important for econimic and ecology. Increased utilization activities that are damaging accompanied decline mangrove area, it is appropriate rehabilitaion condition and maintenance mangrove ecosystem. Improvement effort rehabilitation mangrove ecosystem. The aim mangrove rehabilitation effort for restore ecosystem. Study aimed to determine the extent of damage level, area suitability biophysical and mangrove specieses planted. The survey method used measurement directly to determine the damage level and area suitability biophysical assesment. The Results showed mangrove ecosystem destruction overall research stations are medium damaged condition. Analysis suitability index (IKW) showed that mangrove ecosystem overall stations were suitable rehabilitation area. The mangrove specieses are Rhizophora sp, Bruguiera sp, Sonneratia sp, Xylocarpus sp, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea and Heritiera littoralis sustable to planting.
A review on determination of 90Sr from alkaline waters using precipitation of Ca(OH)2 and Ba(Ra)SO4
Authors: Putra D I P , Prihatiningsih W R , Makmur M , Yahya M N , Priasetyono Y , Suseno H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Since the Chernobyl accident (1989) and the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011, concern about the contamination of 90Sr in the environment has increased considerably. It is important for public safety to monitor 90Sr in aquatic environments due to the radiotoxic of its biochemical similarities with calcium in living organisms. Several techniques for the separation of strontium from matrices have been reported such as solvent extraction, liquid membrane extraction, ion-exchange, and extraction chromatography using Sr-Resin. This review provided a summary on literature works to develop efficiency radiochemical separation for removing 90Sr from waters. Radiometric method normally requires a long time and complete separation of Sr from the matrix and other radionuclides. One of simple method based on Ca(OH)2 precipitation in alkaline solution and purification of Yttrium using Ba(Ra)SO4 precipitate was applied to the separation of Sr from seawater and underground water sample. This review is a mini-report for determination of 90Sr removal from contaminated waters.
The abundance and diversity of plankton on peat swamps area Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) Regency, South Sumatera
Authors: Helmizuryani  , Suwignyo R A , Hanafiahand Z , Faizal M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Peat swamp has very high conservation value, one of its plankton, because plankton is one of the determinants of water fertility. This research was conducted in January - April 2020. This study aims to determine the type and abundance of plankton in peat swamps in Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. Location is determinate by purposive sampling method based on environmental characteristics. Plankton sample identification was carried out at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Muhammadiyah University, Palembang. The results obtained were 86 species of plankton consisting of 4 classes of phytoplankton (Bacillariophyceae, Chloropyceae, Cyanophyceae and Eugleanophyceae and 13 classes of Zooplankton (Dinoflagellata, Rotifera, Mastigophora, Granuloreticulosea, Appendicularia, Branchiopoda, Mysidacea, Tintinnidiidae, Sarcodina, Maxillopoda, Ostracoda and Monogononta). The abundance of OKI peat swamp plankton is classified as low ranging from 32.72 - 170.3 individuals/litter. The diversity index is moderate category, ranging from 1.49 - 2.56. The uniformity index ranges from 0.56 to 0.86. This indicates that between stations have uniformity, and the difference is not so striking. The dominance index ranges from 0.7 to 0.9 indicates that there are plankton species that dominate other types. Overall the types of plankton that dominate peat swamps are from the Bacillariophyceae class.
Investigation of deformation induced precipitation and the related microstructure evolution of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy
Authors: Zuo Jinrong , Hou Longgang , Shu Xuedao , Peng Wenfei , Yin Anmin , Zhang Jishan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As heating time, temperature, strain and strain rate are the four most commonly used controllable parameters in thermomechanical treatments of high strength aluminum alloy, which have great influence on microstructures and mechanical properties. 7055 Al alloy was subjected to solution and thermomechanical treatment (4 routes) at different heating time (route 1), temperatures (route 2), strains (route 3) and strain rates (route 4) to investigate their effects on grain structure and precipitation. The results show that MgZn2 particles are almost completely dissolved back into the matrix after solution treatment, but the coarse Al7Cu2Fe and Al2CuMg remain steady. Particles preferentially precipitate at grain boundaries. Precipitates free zones appear after aging at 300 °C for different time in route 1. With the increased over aging time, precipitates grow and the quantity of rod-shaped increases. After hot deformation, grains are elongated and numerous deformation induced precipitates are formed. Grain width increases with the increase of strain temperature/rate in route 2 and route 4. However, with further strain, grain width first decreases and then increases with the minimum value taken at 60% deformation in route 3. Due to the effect of deformation on spheroidization and refinement of precipitates, the size of precipitates decreases with strain and is spheroidized gradually in route 2 compared with route 1. Strain energy plays the dominant role during over aging or at low strain leading the rod liked precipitates, with the increase of strain, interfacial energy plays the decisive role, and precipitates are spherical.
Anatomical diversity and evolution of the anthocarp in Nyctaginaceae
Authors: Sukhorukov Alexander P , Nilova Maya V , Moore Michael J , Bruenn Riva , Last Noah , Rossetto Elson Felipe Sandoli , Douglas Norman A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNyctaginaceae are one of the most diverse families in core Caryophyllales. The most diagnostic character of the family is a persistent anthocarp derived from a calyx-like perianth. Anthocarp morphology is highly variable across the family, but its evolution is poorly studied. We investigate anthocarp evolution in Nyctaginaceae through extensive anatomical studies (159 species from 28 genera representing six of seven tribes) and phylogenetic character state reconstructions. We found highly diverse anthocarp anatomy across Nyctaginaceae, with most traits analysed evolving multiple times throughout the family. The representatives of three early-diverging clades of Nyctaginaceae (Leucastereae, Boldoeae and Colignonieae) possess a calyx-like anthocarp with simplified anatomy. The so-called ‘glands’ in Nyctagineae and Pisonieae are emergences, whereas wings originate by accrescence of perianth segments, elongation of the ribs and outgrowths (emergences) of anthocarp mesophyll. Anthocarp anatomy can be considered as a generic-level feature in Colignonieae, Pisonieae, Bougainvilleeae and Nyctagineae. The most dramatic transitions from perianth to anthocarp involve the shrivelling and abscission of the upper perianth part and the maintenance of the basal modified perianth portion that originated in the clade comprising Colignonieae and sister clades.
Voriconazole Versus Itraconazole for the Initial and Step-down Treatment of Histoplasmosis: A Retrospective Cohort
Authors: Hendrix Michael Joshua , Larson Lindsey , Rauseo Adriana M , Rutjanawech Sasinuch , Franklin Alexander D , Powderly William G , Spec Andrej 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Itraconazole is the preferred azole for histoplasmosis in the current Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines. Voriconazole is increasingly used as treatment for histoplasmosis; it has in vitro activity against Histoplasma capsulatum and has shown success in case reports and small case series, but may have a lower barrier to resistance. No comparative studies have been published.

Methods
We constructed a single-center, retrospective cohort of adult patients diagnosed with histoplasmosis from 2002 to 2017. Individual charts were reviewed to gather clinical information, including demographics, clinical features, immune status, treatments, and mortality. Patients were categorized based on the choice of azole and use as an initial treatment or as a step-down therapy from amphotericin B. Initial therapies with other azoles were excluded. Mortality was compared using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards with Heaviside function at 42 days.

Results
We identified 261 cases of histoplasmosis from 2002 to 2017. After excluding patients not treated with itraconazole or voriconazole, 194 patients remained. Of these, 175 (90%) patients received itraconazole and 19 (10%) received voriconazole. There were no significant demographic differences between patient populations receiving either azole as their initial azole treatment. Death at 180 days occurred in 41 patients (23.4%) in the itraconazole group and 6 patients (31.6%) in the voriconazole group. Patients on voriconazole had a statistically significant increase in mortality during the first 42 days after initiation of treatment when compared to patients receiving itraconazole (hazard ratio, 4.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–13.9; P = .015), when controlled for other risk factors.

Conclusions
Voriconazole in histoplasmosis was associated with increased mortality in the first 42 days when compared to itraconazole.
Self-Collected Oral Fluid and Nasal Swabs Demonstrate Comparable Sensitivity to Clinician Collected Nasopharyngeal Swabs for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Detection
Authors: Kojima N , Turner F , Slepnev V , Bacelar A , Deming L , Kodeboyina S , Klausner J D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We compared self-collected oral fluid swab specimens with and without clinician supervision, clinician-supervised self-collected anterior nasal swab specimens, and clinician-collected nasopharyngeal swab specimens for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Supervised oral fluid and nasal swab specimens performed similarly to clinician-collected nasopharyngeal swab specimens. No sample type could detect SARS-CoV-2 infections amongst all positive participants.
Modeling Combination Interventions to Prevent Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa (HIV Prevention Trials Network 068)
Authors: Stoner Marie C D , Westreich Daniel , Ahern Jennifer , Edwards Jessie , Gómez-Olivé F Xavier , Tollman Stephen M , Lippman Sheri , Kahn Kathleen , Pettifor Audrey 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Combination interventions may be an effective way to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in adolescent girls and young women. However, current studies are not designed to understand which specific interventions and combinations will be most effective. We estimate the possible impacts of interventions on a combination of factors associated with HIV.

Methods
We used the g-formula to model interventions on combinations of HIV risk factors to identify those that would prevent the most incident HIV infections, including low school attendance, intimate partner violence, depression, transactional sex, and age-disparate partnerships. We used data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 068 study in rural South Africa from 2011 to 2017. We estimated HIV incidence under a potential intervention that reduced each risk factor and compared this to HIV incidence under the current distribution of these risk factors.

Results
Although many factors had strong associations with HIV, potential intervention estimates did not always suggest large reductions in HIV incidence because the prevalence of risk factors was low. When modeling combination effects, an intervention to increase schooling, decrease depression, and decease transactional sex showed the largest reduction in incident infection (risk difference, –1.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], –2.7% to –.2%), but an intervention on only transactional sex and depression still reduced HIV incidence by –1.3% (95% CI, –2.6% to –.2%).

Conclusions
To achieve the largest reductions in HIV, both prevalence of the risk factor and strength of association with HIV must be considered. Additionally, intervening on more risk factors may not necessarily result in larger reductions in HIV incidence.
Retinal Vascular Density on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Age-Related Central and Peripheral Hearing Loss in a Southern Italian Older Population
Authors: Sardone Rodolfo , Sborgia Giancarlo , Niro Alfredo , Giuliani Gianluigi , Pascale Angelo , Puzo Pasquale , Guerra Vito , Castellana Fabio , Lampignano Luisa , Donghia Rossella , Bortone Ilaria , Zupo Roberta , Griseta Chiara , Logroscino Giancarlo , Lozupone Madia , Giannelli Gianluigi , Panza Francesco , Boscia Francesco , Alessio Giovanni , Quaranta Nicola 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and retinal vessel changes have both been associated to neurodegeneration/dementia, suggesting a possible link between these 2 conditions in older age. We aimed to determine whether superficial and deep vascular density (SVD and DVD) of the capillary plexi of macular vasculature can be associated with peripheral ARHL and age-related central auditory central processing (CAPD).

Method
We analyzed data on 886 older participants (65 years+, age range: 65–92 years) in the cross-sectional population-based Salus in Apulia Study. Optical coherence tomography angiography was used to measure SVD and DVD of the capillary plexi of the macula at the 3-mm circle area centered on the fovea (whole retina), the parafoveal quadrant, and foveal quadrant. Disabling peripheral ARHL was defined as &gt;40 dB hearing level of pure tone average on the frequencies from 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 KHz in the better ear, and age-related CAPD as &lt;50% at the Synthetic Sentence Identification with Ipsilateral Competitive Message test in at least one ear.

Results
DVD at the whole retina and at the parafoveal quadrant were inversely associated only with age-related CAPD (odds ratio [OR]: 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88–0.96 and OR: 0.94, 95 CI: 0.90–0.99, respectively). No further associations with peripheral ARHL were evident.

Conclusions
Retinal vasculature is associated with central auditory processing pathology, possibly playing an important role in early detection and intervention. The association of retinal vascular density with age-related CAPD may bring us a further step forward in understanding the biological mechanisms underlying the links between neurodegeneration/dementia and ARHL.