bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wettbewerb in Zeiten der Pandemie
Authors: Benček David , Ceni-Hulek Lorela , Wambach Achim , Weche John 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungZahlreiche Märkte sind durch die Coronavirus-Pandemie von Unternehmensaufgaben und Insolvenzen, Unternehmenszusammenschlüssen und verminderten Gründungsanreizen betroffen. Durch den Digitalisierungsschub infolge der Kontaktbeschränkungen ist zudem zu erwarten, dass Digitalmärkte mit Konzentrationstendenzen an Bedeutung gewinnen. Nachhaltige Strukturveränderungen mit wettbewerbsbeeinträchtigender Auswirkung sind also zu befürchten, und dies angesichts ohnehin bestehender Trends zu ansteigender Marktmacht und Konzentration in Teilbereichen der Wirtschaft. Bei den wirtschaftspolitischen Reaktionen auf die krisenbedingten Herausforderungen sollte vor diesem Hintergrund angestrebt werden, den Wettbewerb langfristig funktionsfähig zu erhalten. Wenn die Fusions- und Beihilfenkontrolle ohne materiell-rechtliche Abstriche angewendet würde und staatliche Unternehmensbeteiligungen durch wettbewerbsfördernde Maßnahmen flankiert würden, könnte dies gelingen.
Elektroautos und das Klima: die große Verwirrung
Authors: Weimann Joachim 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungSeit einiger Zeit wird erbittert um die Frage gestritten, ob Elektroautos gegenüber konventionellen Fahrzeugen CO2 einsparen oder nicht. Dieser Streit wird allerdings in einer sehr unglücklichen Form ausgetragen. Vor allem basieren die Studien zu diesem Thema auf sehr unterschiedlichen und zum Teil unrealistischen Annahmen. Zudem vernachlässigen sie zwei zentrale Aspekte für die Beurteilung der Elektromobilität sträflich: den Emissionshandel und die Frage der Kosteneffizienz. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass die Förderung von Elektroautos die vermutlich ineffizienteste Form von Klimapolitik ist, die weltweit zurzeit betrieben wird.
Philosophy in the science classroom: How should biology teachers explain the relationship between science and religion to students?
Authors: Woodford Peter J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis review explores Thomas Lessl’s “Demarcation as a classroom response to creationism: A critical examination of the National Academy of Science’s Science, Evolution, and Creationism (2008).” Lessl’s work examines philosophical debates about the relationship between science and religion from the perspective of communication dynamics between science teachers and audiences skeptical about evolution. His essay raises a number of important points that might help educators craft statements that are less likely to alienate religious students and to entrench any pre-existing opposition to evolutionary science. However, in this review, I raise a number of criticisms of Lessl’s account of the problems with the approach taken by the National Academy of Science. I argue that many of the criticisms of NAS’s approach to demarcation are not well-supported, and even were they to be strong criticisms, they do not justify skepticism toward evolution or science in general. Ultimately, I argue that addressing Lessl’s concerns means creating space for more intellectually rigorous and satisfying discussions of science and religion, but this is not appropriate in a biology classroom that merely wishes to introduce evolution. Addressing these concerns requires making more space for philosophy in the curriculum.
Reduction of Manganese Ores in CO-CO2 Atmospheres
Authors: Larssen Trine Asklund , Senk Dieter , Tangstad Merete 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The reduction of higher manganese oxides to MnO in the prereduction zone of a ferromanganese furnace is largely decisive for the overall energy efficiency and climate gas emissions for the overall production process. Kinetics of the gas-solid reaction between the ore and CO(g) in the ascending furnace gas is dependent on the ore characteristics. The aim of this study was to elucidate the reduction steps during prereduction of two commercial manganese ores, Comilog and Nchwaning, in CO-CO2 atmosphere. Ore samples in various size fractions were exposed to isothermal and non-isothermal temperature regimes in various gas atmospheres utilizing a thermogravimetric furnace. Samples were characterized by titration, XRF, XRD, and SEM analyses. Comilog is a high oxygen ore, where the majority of the ore is constituted by various tetravalent manganese minerals. When heated in reducing atmosphere, MnO2-oxides were reduced to MnO in a single step at temperatures below 550 °C. The rate was dependent on the particle size and CO-concentration. When the temperature reached 550 °C, any present MnO2 rapidly decomposed to Mn2O3, which further continued to reduce to MnO. Nchwaning ore was found to be mainly constituted by Mn2O3-oxides, calcite and hematite. Manganese- and iron-oxides were found to reduce at similar temperature ranges, however the manganese oxide reduction was initiated prior to the iron oxides in smaller particle sizes (< 4 mm). Trivalent manganese oxides reduced to MnO in a single step, and the reduction of iron oxides subsided with the formation of wüstite. Carbonates decomposed at temperature range 800 °C to 1000 °C. Both ores obtained a promoted reaction rate with decreasing particle size and increased pctCO in CO-CO2 atmosphere.
Structural Reliability Analysis of Ship Hulls Accounting for Collision or Grounding Damage
Authors: Bužančić Primorac Branka , Parunov Joško , Guedes Soares C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClassical structural reliability analysis of intact ship hulls is extended to the case of ships with collision or grounding damages. Still water load distribution and residual bending moment capacity are included as random variables in the limit state equation. The probability density functions of these random variables are defined based on random damage parameters given by the Marine Environment Protection Committee of the International Maritime Organization, while the proposed reliability formulation is consistent with international recommendations and thus may be valuable in the development of rules for accidental limit states. The methodology is applied on an example of an Aframax oil tanker. The proposed approach captures in a rational way complex interaction of different pertinent variables influencing safety of damaged ship structure.
Ruolo diagnostico, prognostico e predittivo di risposta del NETest nelle neoplasie neuroendocrine
Authors: Faggiano Antongiulio , Di Vito Valentina , Centello Roberta , Sesti Franz , Puliani Giulia , Feola Tiziana , Giannetta Elisa 
Published: November 2020

SommarioIl NETest è una metodica di biologia molecolare e, in particolare, di biopsia liquida, applicata alle neoplasie neuroendocrine (NEN), che si propone come nuovo biomarcatore altamente sensibile e specifico. Il NETest consente una sorta di gene signature del tumore, definendone il profilo trascrizionale mRNA, estratto dal sangue periferico. L’applicazione pratica è nella diagnosi, dove il NETest sembra identificare anche piccoli tumori localizzati, nella definizione prognostica, con l’identificazione dei tumori con maggiore tendenza alla progressione e alla recidiva post-chirurgica, nella riposta ai trattamenti, con l’identificazione precoce di progressione nel corso di terapie anti-tumorali. A fronte di risultati iniziali estremamente promettenti, il NETest necessita di una conferma su larga scala, in ampie casistiche multicentriche.
A Nano-Micro Engineering Nanofiber for Electromagnetic Absorber, Green Shielding and Sensor
Authors: Zhang Min , Han Chen , Cao Wen-Qiang , Cao Mao-Sheng , Yang Hui-Jing , Yuan Jie 
Published: November 2020

Highlights

The role of electron transport characteristics in electromagnetic (EM) attenuation can be generalized to other EM functional materials.

The integrated functions of efficient EM absorption and green shielding open the view of EM multifunctional materials.

A novel sensing mechanism based on intrinsic EM attenuation performance and EM resonance coupling effect is revealed.

Abstract
It is extremely unattainable for a material to simultaneously obtain efficient electromagnetic (EM) absorption and green shielding performance, which has not been reported due to the competition between conduction loss and reflection. Herein, by tailoring the internal structure through nano-micro engineering, a NiCo2O4 nanofiber with integrated EM absorbing and green shielding as well as strain sensing functions is obtained. With the improvement of charge transport capability of the nanofiber, the performance can be converted from EM absorption to shielding, or even coexist. Particularly, as the conductivity rising, the reflection loss declines from − 52.72 to − 10.5 dB, while the EM interference shielding effectiveness increases to 13.4 dB, suggesting the coexistence of the two EM functions. Furthermore, based on the high EM absorption, a strain sensor is designed through the resonance coupling of the patterned NiCo2O4 structure. These strategies for tuning EM performance and constructing devices can be extended to other EM functional materials to promote the development of electromagnetic driven devices.

Graphic Abstract
Der Entwurf zur 10. GWB Novelle: Interventionismus oder Laissez-faire?
Authors: Budzinski Oliver , Gaenssle Sophia , Stöhr Annika 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie 10. Novelle des Gesetzes gegen Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen („GWB-Digitalisierungsgesetz“) soll die deutschen Wettbewerbsregeln so reformieren, dass sie einen geeigneten Ordnungsrahmen für eine zunehmend digitalisierte Wirtschaft darstellen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag diskutieren wir den entsprechenden Referentenentwurf (Januar 2020) aus Sicht der modernen Wirtschaftstheorie. Dabei gehen wir insbesondere auf die Eignung der erheblichen Ausweitung der Missbrauchsaufsicht für einen besseren Wettbewerbsschutz in der Digitalwirtschaft ein. Die Schaffung eines Konzeptesüberlegener marktübergreifender Bedeutung(ÜMÜB) sowie die stärkere Betonung relativer Marktmacht und ökonomischer Abhängigkeit sind dabei grundsätzlich zu begrüßen, um moderne Versionen des Behinderungswettbewerbs effektiver bekämpfen zu können. Allerdings fehlen stellenweise Schranken für zu weit gehende Interventionen in den Leistungswettbewerb. Kritisch ist hingegen, dass die Zusammenschlusskontrolle tendenziell geschwächt wird. Wir schlagen vor, im Gegenteil die Ex-Ante-Strukturkontrolle zu stärken, indem das ÜMÜB-Konzept auch in die Zusammenschlusskontrolle integriert wird. Dies würde den gewünschten Ordnungsrahmen für die Digitalwirtschaft verbessern. Schließlich hinterfragen wir die Auswirkungen der geplanten Novellierung auf das europäische System der Wettbewerbspolitiken.
Investigation of microstructure and selected properties of Al2O3-Cu and Al2O3-Cu-Mo composites
Authors: Zygmuntowicz Justyna , Łoś Joanna , Kurowski Bernard , Piotrkiewicz Paulina , Kaszuwara Waldemar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe scope of work included the fabrication of ceramic-metal composites from the Al2O3-Cu and Al2O3-Cu-Mo and examining their microstructure and selected properties. The composites were fabricated by the slip casting method. The rheological behavior, microstructures, X-ray analysis, and mechanical properties were investigated. The rheological study demonstrated that all of the obtained slurries were non-Newtonian shear diluted fluids and stability on time. In both slurries, the flow limit is close to 0 Pa, which is very beneficial when casting the suspensions into molds. The X-ray analysis reveals Al2O3, Cu, and Mo phases in all specimens. No new phases were found in both types of composites after the sintering process. The results provided that the hardness for Al2O3-Cu-Mo composites was equal to 10.06 ± 0.49 GPa, while for Al2O3-Cu, it was equal to 6.81 ± 2.08 GPa. The K1C values measured, with the use of Niihara equation, for composites with and without the addition of Mo were equal to 6.13 ± 0.62 MPa m0.5 and 6.04 ± 0.55 MPa m0.5, respectively. It has been established that the mean specific wear rates of Al2O3-Cu and Al2O3-Cu-Mo samples were 0.35 × 10–5 ± 0.02 mm3 N−1 m−1 and 0.22 × 10–5 ± 0.04 mm3 N−1 m−1, respectively. It was found that molybdenum addition improved wear resistance properties of the composites.
Quantifying the volume of fluid resuscitation required to normalize lactate in septic patients (Cohort Study)
Authors: Hashim Yassar M. , Lin Ting-Lung , Wang Andrew , Dhillon Navpreet K. , Veatch Jessica M. , Barmparas Galinos , Singh Gagandeep , Ley Eric J. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Patients with sepsis have significant mortality and morbidity that may improve by normalization of lactate as indication of adequate resuscitation. We sought to quantify the volume of fluid associated with correction of lactate in septic surgical patients.

Material and methods:
A retrospective review was conducted in all patients with elevated lactate who were admitted to the SICU at a Level I trauma center from February 2016 to April 2018. Patients ≥18 years with sepsis, septic shock, infection, and lactate >2.5 mmol/l with subsequent lactate follow up were included. Patients on dialysis, liver failure, and trauma patients who received massive transfusion were excluded. Data was collected on patients’ demographics, hospital length of stay (LOS), mortality and volume of fluid given. The primary outcome was the volume of fluid required to correct lactate by 1 mmol/l. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to evaluate the association between fluid volume and lactate level.

Results:
Forty-eight patients were included. The mean age was 67 (14.2) years, 56.3% were males, and mortality was 22%. The mean elevated lactate was 4.90 (3.02) mmol/l. An average of 1372 (1809) cc of fluid was needed to reduce lactate by 1 mmol/l. The average time for correction was 5.2 (5.6) hours. There was weak correlation between resuscitation fluid volume and lactate correction (r = 0.29, p = 0.05).

Conclusions:
About 1400 cc of fluid was required to correct the lactate by 1 mmol/l. This value can help guide resuscitation in septic surgical patients. The weak correlation between resuscitation fluid volume and lactate correction highlights the importance of other interventions including the early administration antibiotics and source control.

Highlights:
Mediating bureaucrats: embedded economic action in the Mozambican sugar industry
Authors: Buur Lars , Nystrand Malin J. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThis article develops the concept of ‘mediating bureaucrats’ by exploring their role during liberal reforms that led to rehabilitation of the sugar industry in Mozambique. By focusing on how relations between the state, government and business are mediated by a group of cadres who have occupied positions in different social domains, the article argues that these ‘mediating bureaucrats’ cannot easily be identified in one-dimensional terms as belonging to either the public or private sector, the state or the market. It is argued that as ‘socially embedded actors’, the group of ‘mediating bureaucrats’ are in a position to translate and mediate between diverse and sometimes conflicting interests and aspirations of the state, the government and business. We use the rehabilitation of the sugar industry in Mozambique to show how mediating bureaucrats adopted two practices – muddling through and translation – in order to straddle conflicting interests during different reform initiatives in post-independence Mozambique.
People who run African affairs: staffing and recruitment in the African Union Commission
Authors: Tieku Thomas Kwasi , Gänzle Stefan , Trondal Jarle 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study contributes to the field of International Public Administration (IPA) and the emerging area of Informal International Relations (IIR) by examining the politics of staffing and recruitment of the African Union Commission (AUC). Although the AUC has become a major political player in international affairs, there is a dearth of knowledge about the civil servants who work for the AUC and who run this paramount pan-African executive body. To address the void, this paper draws on a survey of 137 AUC staff, archival studies and interviews to explore recruitment of AUC staff. Combining organisational theory and informality as analytical lenses, the study demonstrates that, first, many informal international practices (IIPs) are embedded in AUC recruitment processes. Second, the AUC is composed largely of short-term, contracted staff. Finally, it shows that the AUC is dependent on lower-ranked personnel or that it is bottom-heavy. Many of these lower-ranked officials are intimately involved in the making of AUC policies and decisions, putting into question the assumption in existing scholarship that decision-makers of IOs are primarily reliant on top-ranked A-level officials (senior management).
Extra-hepatopulmonary cystic echinococcosis in Bulgaria: frequency, management and outcome of the disease
Authors: Harizanov Rumen N. , Rainova Iskra G. , Kaftandjiev Iskren T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the endemic countries, human cystic echinococcosis (CE) poses a serious medical and social problem. Because it most often affects the liver and lungs we aimed to define the proportion of cases with different organ localization, the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in such cases, and the outcome of them. For a period 2010–2019, a total of 2863 cases of CE were registered in Bulgaria, of which 148 (5.17%) with organ localization other than liver and/or lung. The majority of patients with extra-hepatopulmonary localization of CE were adults. The distribution by gender showed predominance of female patients (57.43%) over those of males and primary cases (85.14%) exceeded the cases of recurrence. According to our study most common is the spleen involvement, followed by involvement of the abdominal cavity, kidneys and muscle/subcutaneous tissue. Other extra-hepatopulmonary organ localizations are significantly less common. This study shows that the extra-hepatopulmonary localization of CE is not so rare, and in most cases it is a primary disease. In respect of this, clinicians should consider hydatidosis in the differential diagnosis when cystic formation(s) is found, regardless of the organ involved.
THE OLMEC SPOON RECONSIDERED: MATERIAL MEANINGS OF JADE, NACREOUS SHELLS, AND PEARLS IN ANCIENT MESOAMERICA
Authors: Turner Andrew D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have interpreted greenstone objects referred to as Olmec “spoon” pendants based on hypothetical utilitarian functions that they might have served. This study argues that the unique form of these pendants is actually based on the shell of the wing oyster (Pteria), a nacreous pearl-forming bivalve found on either coast of Mesoamerica. The study of these skeuomorphic recreations of shells sheds light on conceptual relationships between jade and iridescent shell, as well as the ideological motivations behind such material substitutions. Although wing oyster pendants were produced during only the Formative period, the Classic Maya continued to value pearls, formed by such nacre-producing mollusks. This study demonstrates the frequent appearance of pearls in Mesoamerican artwork. Wing oyster pendants constitute an early basis for the ritual interchangeability of jade, shell, and pearl, and the widespread conceptual associations of these valued materials with breath, wind, and ancestors among later Mesoamerican traditions.
‘It’s like trying to ice a cake that’s not been baked’: a qualitative exploration of the contextual factors associated with implementing an evidence-based information intervention for family carers at the end of life
Authors: Mathieson Amy , Luker Karen , Grande Gunn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAim:To explore the introduction of an evidence-based information intervention – the ‘Caring for Someone with Cancer’ booklet – within home care and end-of-life care, to inform future implementation and practice development within this setting.Background:Family carers’ contribution is crucial to enable care and death of people at home. The ‘Caring for Someone with Cancer’ booklet received positive responses from family carers and District Nurses and is an evidence-based intervention designed to support carers to deliver basic nursing tasks. Further feasibility work was required to establish how it should be implemented. Little is known about how to successfully translate interventions into practice, particularly within home care settings and end-of-life care.Methods:Implementation of the ‘Caring for Someone with Cancer’ booklet, utilising a qualitative case study approach, in four home care sites. Semi-structured interviews, informed by Normalization Process Theory (NPT), were undertaken at implementation sites in May 2016–June 2017. Participants were generalist and specialist nurses, managers, and Healthcare Assistants (HCAs). A framework approach to analysis was adopted.Findings:Forty-five members of staff participated. Failed implementation was associated with organisational-level characteristics and conditions, including workforce composition and predictability of processes. Unstable work environments meant home care providers focused on short-term rather than long-term goals, precluding practice development. Staff’s perceptions of the time available to engage with and implement the intervention inhibited adoption, as many participants were“just getting through the day”. Implementation was successful in sites with explicit management support, including proactive implementation attempts by managers, which legitimatised the change process, and if all staff groups were engaged. To encourage uptake of evidence-based interventions in home care settings, practitioners should be given opportunities to critically reflect upon taken-for-granted practices. Future implementation should focus on work pertaining to the NPT construct ‘Collective Action’, including how staff interact and build confidence in new practices.
Assisted reproductive technology and long-term ophthalmic morbidity of the offspring
Authors: Tsumi Erez , Lavy Yotam , Sheiner Eyal , Barrett Chiya , Harlev Avi , Hagbi Bal Maayan , Wainstock Tamar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigate if children born following assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs) are at an increased risk for long-term ophthalmic complications. For this purpose, a population-based cohort analysis was conducted which included all deliveries between 1991 and 2014 at a single tertiary medical center. Offspring were classified relative to conception method as ART or spontaneous pregnancies. Offspring hospitalizations up to the age of 18 years involving ophthalmic morbidities were evaluated according to a predefined set of ICD-9 codes. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to compare cumulative hospitalization rates in exposed (ART) and unexposed offspring (spontaneous), and a Cox proportional hazards model was used to control for potential confounders. A total of 243,682 deliveries were included in the study. In that, 1.8% of the deliveries (4364) were of mothers who underwent fertility treatments and 98.2% (239,318) were conceived spontaneously. Offspring born to mothers who underwent fertility treatments had a significantly higher hospitalization rate involving ophthalmic morbidity, as compared to spontaneously conceived offspring (1.2% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.04). The Kaplan–Meier survival curve pointed to a significantly higher cumulative incidence of ophthalmic morbidity following ART (log rank p = 0.02). Cox proportional hazards model was adjusted for maternal age, preterm delivery, maternal hypertensive disorders, diabetes, and mode of delivery which demonstrated ART as an independent risk factor for long-term pediatric ophthalmic morbidity (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.37, CI 1.04–1.80, p-value = 0.02). We concluded that ART is an independent risk factor for long-term ophthalmic morbidity of the offspring.