bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Ayurvedic Interventions for Essential Hypertension
Authors: Deshmukh Saylee , Mundada Pallavi S , Ram Thrigulla Saketh , Gundeti Manohar S 
Published: April 2020

Introduction:
A systematic review (SR) is planned to investigate the safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of Ayurvedic interventions in the management of essential hypertension through analyzing published and unpublished clinical research.

Materials and methods:
A systematic review of published and unpublished clinical researches on Ayurveda interventions in the management of essential hypertension will be conducted. Electronic search will be carried out in PubMed, AYUSH Research Portal, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and hand search, snowballing of studies will also be performed to fetch complete available literature. Manual search will be carried out for Ayurveda Post Graduate (PG) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) dissertations on management of essential hypertension. The selection of the studies, data extraction, and synthesis will be performed independently by researchers, and disagreements will be sought by a third reviewer. Established guidelines for study selection, quality assessment and narrative synthesis will be followed. Risk of bias assessment will be performed with help of Cochrane RoB2 tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and ROBINS-I tool for non-RCTs (NRCTs). Results will be narratively synthesized and will present the same in count, percentage and frequency. As this will be the first SR on this topic, outlining the protocol ensures transparency for the completed review. Patients will not be involved in any phase of the study; however, ethical approval has been sought from the institutional ethics committee.

Results:
The review is ongoing and after completion, the review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The review will be updated to inform and guide healthcare practice and policy.

Trial registration number:
PROSPERO 2019 CRD42019123886.
A Systematic Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Ayurveda Interventions for Hepatitis
Authors: Dedge Amrish P , Mandal Tushar K , Gundeti Manohar S , Bhurake Laxman W , Kale Shyam G , Dave Parth P 
Published: April 2020

Introduction:
A systematic review is planned to investigate the safety and efficacy of Ayurveda interventions for hepatitis through analyzing published clinical research work.

Materials and methods:
We shall conduct a systematic review published clinical work for Ayurveda interventions for hepatitis. Electronic search of following databases will be performed: PubMed, AYUSH Research Portal, Digital Helpline for Ayurveda Research Articles (DHARA), Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library (the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the Cochrane Methodology Register) without any restriction of publication year. Hand search, snowballing of studies will also be performed to fetch complete available literature. The selection of the studies, data abstraction, and validations will be performed independently by two teams of researchers. A conclusion will be derived from the consensus of the complete review team. Study selection will follow the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and study quality will be assessed by the CONSORT checklist for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), transparent reporting of evaluations with nonrandomized designs (TREND) checklist for nonrandomized controlled trials (NRCTs), and CONSORT extension for pilot and feasibility studies for pilot studies. Risk of bias assessment will be performed with the help of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2) tool for RCTs and risk of bias in nonrandomised studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for NRCTs. If sufficient and appropriate data are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis will be performed if found to be necessary and feasible.

Dissemination:
The systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The review will also be disseminated electronically and in print. The review will be updated to inform and guide healthcare practice and policy.

Trial registration number:
PROSPERO 2019: CRD42019103115.
Total Worker Health® Needs Assessment to Identify Workplace Mental Health Interventions in Rural and Urban Jails
Authors: Jaegers Lisa A. , Ahmad Syed Omar , Scheetz Gregory , Bixler Emily , Nadimpalli Saketh , Barnidge Ellen , Katz Ian M. , Vaughn Michael G. , Matthieu Monica M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Importance: Jail officers are an underserved population of public safety workers at high risk for developing chronic mental health conditions.
Objective: In response to national calls for the examination of stressors related to the unique work contexts of correctional facilities, we implemented a pilot study informed by the Total Worker Health® (TWH) strategy at two urban and two rural jails.
Design: Participatory teams guided areas of interest for a mixed-data needs assessment, including surveys with 320 jail officers to inform focus groups (N = 40).
Setting: Urban and rural jails in the midwestern United States.
Participants: Jail correctional officers and sheriff’s deputies employed at participating jails.
Measures: We measured mental health characteristics using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Mental Health scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, and the two-item Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist. Constructs to identify workplace characteristics included emotional support, work–family conflict, dangerousness, health climate, organizational operations, effectiveness of training, quality of supervision, and organizational fairness.
Results: On the basis of general population estimates, we found that jail officers were at higher risk for mental health disorders, including depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Jail officers identified workplace health interventions to address individual-, interpersonal-, institutional-, and community-level needs.
Conclusion: Implementation of a TWH needs assessment in urban and rural jails to identify evidence-informed, multilevel interventions was found to be feasible. Using this assessment, we identified specific workplace health protection and promotion solutions.
What This Article Adds: Results from this study support the profession’s vision to influence policies, environments, and systems through collaborative work. This TWH study has implications for practice and research by addressing mental health needs among jail officers and by providing practical applications to create evidence-informed, tailored interventions to promote workplace health in rural and urban jails.
Student Technology Acceptance of 3D Printing in Occupational Therapy Education
Authors: Benham Sara , San Steven 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImportance: Reports on the integration of 3D printing in occupational therapy education and changes in student acceptance of technology over time are lacking.Objective: 3D printing technology applications may offer effective solutions to increase client participation in occupations. However, the use of these applications in occupational therapy practice requires attention to occupational therapy students’ perception of the technology’s usefulness and ease of use. Students’ perception of technology potentially influences their perceptions of technology use in future practice.Design: This was an exploratory one-group, pretest–posttest, repeated-measures study over 12 wk to examine whether an assignment that integrated 3D printing improved students’ perceptions of technology acceptance. The study used a modified questionnaire based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).Setting: Academic educational institution.Participants: Second-year entry-level occupational therapy students (N = 58).Results: Paired t tests showed significant differences for all categories of the TAM questionnaire, including perceived usefulness (p = .001), perceived ease of use (p &lt; .001), attitude toward using (p = .014), and intention to use (p &lt; .001).Conclusion: The experiential learning assignment increased students’ acceptance of 3D printing technology; however, future studies should include an exploration of clients’ acceptance and perception of technology.What This Article Adds: This study provides evidence for the use of instructional strategies for “maker” technologies by educators when integrating experiential and interactive approaches.
Sport as a Leisure Occupation in Occupational Therapy Literature: A Scoping Review
Authors: Costalonga Daniel A. , Crozier Alyson J. , Stenner Brad J. , Baldock Katherine L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Importance: The focus of occupational therapy is often on personal care, life skills, and daily living. Sport, as a type of leisure activity, can also provide benefits to health and well-being. Occupational therapy practitioners should therefore promote the role of sport in the lives of clients.
Objective: To investigate the extent, range, and nature of peer-reviewed occupational therapy literature investigating sport as a leisure occupation.
Data Sources: The following databases were searched: Embase, MEDLINE, OTseeker, PsycINFO, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus.
Study Selection and Data Collection: We identified published studies investigating competitive sport in occupational therapy research or practice. Included studies investigated adult participants (age ≥18 yr) participating in sport, had a clear occupational therapy input, and were written in the English language.
Findings: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Only 2 of the 6 studies identified through the search strategy were conducted after 2004, diagnosis and outcome measures varied widely, and sport as a leisure occupation was found to have positive individual outcomes.
Conclusions and Relevance: Opportunities exist to investigate sport as a leisure occupation and its involvement in occupational therapy practice. Future research may contribute to positive outcomes and experiences for clients who receive occupational therapy.
What This Article Adds: This scoping review describes literature about sport as an occupation and highlights the opportunities for practitioners and researchers to incorporate sport as a leisure occupation.
Population Health Content in Entry-Level Occupational Therapy Programs
Authors: Domholdt Elizabeth , Cooper Sarah K. , Kleinhoff Robert J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Importance: If occupational therapy is to play an important role in improving population health, it is important to understand how academic programs are preparing new occupational therapists for this role.
Objective: To determine current and desired coverage of population health concepts in entry-level occupational therapy programs.
Design: Online survey administered to occupational therapy program directors.
Setting: Higher education institutions.
Participants: Survey invitations were sent to all 182 entry-level occupational therapy program directors in Spring 2018.
Measures: Questionnaire responses were used to calculate current and desired curriculum coverage of 23 population health domains.
Results: Of 182 program directors, 60 (33.0%) responded. Respondents agreed that 21 of 23 population health domains should be included in entry-level occupational therapy programs, and 11 of the domains had moderate or better coverage in their current programs. The largest gaps between current and desired coverage were found in global health issues, population health informatics, environmental health, and organization of health systems.
Conclusions and Relevance: Occupational therapy faculty can use these results to further develop the population health content of their programs.
What This Article Adds: Although the occupational therapy profession advocates for the role of occupational therapists in the improvement of population health, little information is available about how to prepare new occupational therapists for this role. This study addresses this gap by presenting occupational therapy program directors’ assessments of current and desired levels of population health content within their programs.
Background heterogeneity and other uncertainties in estimating urban methane flux: results from the Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX)
Authors: Balashov Nikolay V. , Davis Kenneth J. , Miles Natasha L. , Lauvaux Thomas , Richardson Scott J. , Barkley Zachary R. , Bonin Timothy A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. As natural gas extraction and use continues to increase, the need to
quantify emissions of methane (CH4), a powerful greenhouse gas, has
grown. Large discrepancies in Indianapolis CH4 emissions have been
observed when comparing inventory, aircraft mass balance, and tower inverse
modeling estimates. Four years of continuous CH4 mole fraction
observations from a network of nine towers as a part of the Indianapolis
Flux Experiment (INFLUX) are utilized to investigate four possible reasons
for the abovementioned inconsistencies: (1) differences in definition of the
city domain, (2) a highly temporally variable and spatially non-uniform
CH4 background, (3) temporal variability in CH4 emissions, and (4) CH4 sources that are not accounted for in the inventory. Reducing the
Indianapolis urban domain size to be consistent with the inventory domain
size decreases the CH4 emission estimation of the inverse modeling
methodology by about 35 %, thereby lessening the discrepancy and bringing
total city flux within the error range of one of the two inventories.
Nevertheless, the inverse modeling estimate still remains about 91 %
higher than inventory estimates. Hourly urban background CH4 mole
fractions are shown to be spatially heterogeneous and temporally variable.
Variability in background mole fractions observed at any given moment and a
single location could be up to about 50 ppb depending on a wind direction
but decreases substantially when averaged over multiple days. Statistically
significant, long-term biases in background mole fractions of 2–5 ppb are
found from single-point observations for most wind directions. Boundary
layer budget estimates suggest that Indianapolis CH4 emissions did not
change significantly when comparing 2014 to 2016. However, it appears that
CH4 emissions may follow a diurnal cycle, with daytime emissions (12:00–16:00 LST) approximately twice as large as nighttime emissions (20:00–05:00 LST). We
found no evidence for large CH4 point sources that are otherwise
missing from the inventories. The data from the towers confirm that the
strongest CH4 source in Indianapolis is South Side landfill. Leaks from
the natural gas distribution system that were detected with the tower
network appeared localized and non-permanent. Our simple atmospheric budget
analyses estimate the magnitude of the diffuse natural gas source to be 70 % higher
than inventory estimates, but more comprehensive analyses are needed.
Long-term averaging, spatially extensive upwind mole fraction observations,
mesoscale atmospheric modeling of the regional emissions environment, and
careful treatment of the times of day are recommended for precise and
accurate quantification of urban CH4 emissions.
Impacts of enhanced weathering on biomass production for negative emission technologies and soil hydrology
Authors: de Oliveira Garcia Wagner , Amann Thorben , Hartmann Jens , Karstens Kristine , Popp Alexander , Boysen Lena R. , Smith Pete , Goll Daniel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Limiting global mean temperature changes to well below
2 ∘C likely requires a rapid and large-scale deployment of
negative emission technologies (NETs). Assessments so far have shown a high
potential of biomass-based terrestrial NETs, but only a few assessments have included effects
of the commonly found nutrient-deficient soils on biomass production. Here,
we investigate the deployment of enhanced weathering (EW) to supply
nutrients to areas of afforestation–reforestation
and naturally growing forests (AR) and bioenergy grasses (BG) that are deficient in phosphorus (P), besides the
impacts on soil hydrology. Using stoichiometric ratios and biomass estimates
from two established vegetation models, we calculated the nutrient demand of
AR and BG. Insufficient geogenic P supply limits C storage in biomass. For a
mean P demand by AR and a low-geogenic-P-supply scenario, AR would sequester
119 Gt C in biomass; for a high-geogenic-P-supply and low-AR-P-demand
scenario, 187 Gt C would be sequestered in biomass; and for a low geogenic P
supply and high AR P demand, only 92 Gt C would be accumulated by biomass.
An average amount of ∼150 Gt basalt powder applied for EW
would be needed to close global P gaps and completely sequester projected
amounts of 190 Gt C during the years 2006–2099 for the mean AR P demand
scenario (2–362 Gt basalt powder for the low-AR-P-demand and for the high-AR-P-demand scenarios would be necessary, respectively). The average
potential of carbon sequestration by EW until 2099 is ∼12 Gt C (∼0.2–∼27 Gt C) for the specified
scenarios (excluding additional carbon sequestration via alkalinity
production). For BG, 8 kg basalt m−2 a−1 might, on average,
replenish the exported potassium (K) and P by harvest. Using pedotransfer
functions, we show that the impacts of basalt powder application on soil
hydraulic conductivity and plant-available water, to close predicted P gaps,
would depend on basalt and soil texture, but in general the impacts are
marginal. We show that EW could potentially close the projected P gaps of an
AR scenario and nutrients exported by BG harvest, which would decrease or
replace the use of industrial fertilizers. Besides that, EW ameliorates the
soil's capacity to retain nutrients and soil pH and replenish soil nutrient
pools. Lastly, EW application could improve plant-available-water capacity
depending on deployed amounts of rock powder – adding a new dimension to the
coupling of land-based biomass NETs with EW.
Infrared-based sensor system for contactless monitoring of wetness and ice
Authors: Tharmakularajah Lakshan , Döring Jakob , Krieger Karl-Ludwig 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In order to differentiate between a wet and a dry road surface, the water film height should be measured by using an infrared-based sensor system. By means of different wavelengths, it is also possible to distinguish between ice and water. In this article, a sensor system for the determination of the physical state of water on different surfaces using infrared LEDs and one photodiode is presented. This shall serve as a basis for the calculation of the road condition. Here, emitted and reflected signals of five different infrared emitters are acquired with an infrared receiver. In commercial sensors this method (operating with one emitter) is used to determine a distance. At a constant distance, different intensities of the reflected signal are measured depending on the colour and texture of the surface. Similar sensor systems work with a broadband light, usually a halogen lamp, and several photodiodes. This type of sensor system is more cost-intensive and not robust enough for the desired application. The transmission spectrum of water shows that light is absorbed at a wavelength of 900 nm and strongly at a wavelength of about 1.4–1.5 µm. From the absorption spectrum of ice, it can be concluded that the wavelengths up to 1.4 µm are absorbed less than the wavelength at 1.5 µm. Therefore, the intensity depends not only on the material surface, but also on the wavelength of the transmitting and receiving diode. In order to distinguish between ice and water, the intensities of the light at the wavelengths 1.45 and 1.55 µm are compared, which is shown in this article by the measurements. In ice, the infrared light is more strongly absorbed at 1.55 µm.
The influence of water percolation through crevasses on the thermal regime of a Himalayan mountain glacier
Authors: Gilbert Adrien , Sinisalo Anna , Gurung Tika R. , Fujita Koji , Maharjan Sudan B. , Sherpa Tenzing C. , Fukuda Takehiro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In cold and arid climates, small glaciers with cold accumulation
zones are often thought to be entirely cold based. However, scattering in
ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements on the Rikha Samba Glacier in
the Nepal Himalayas suggests a large amount of temperate ice that seems to
be influenced by the presence of crevassed areas. We used a coupled
thermo-mechanical model forced by a firn model accounting for firn heating
to interpret the observed thermal regime. Using a simple energy conservation
approach, we show that the addition of water percolation and refreezing in
crevassed areas explains these observations. Model experiments show that
both steady and transient thermal regimes are significantly affected by
latent heat release in crevassed areas. This makes half of the glacier base
temperate, resulting in an ice dynamic mainly controlled by basal friction
instead of ice deformation. The timescale of thermal regime change, in
response to atmospheric warming, is also greatly diminished, with a
potential switch from cold to temperate basal ice in 50–60 years in the
upper part of the glacier instead of the 100–150 years that it would take
without the effect of the crevasses. This study highlights the crucial role
of water percolation through the crevasses on the thermal regime of glaciers
and validates a simple method to account for it in glacier thermo-mechanical
models.
Martyrdom, Liberation, and Belonging: An Ethnography on the Popular Saint George Veneration among Palestinian Christians
Authors: Marteijn Elizabeth 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Among the broad religious spectrum of the Levant, the figure of Saint George/Al-Khader stands out. As the patron saint of Palestine, Saint George is one of the most popular saints among Palestinian Christians. Traditionally, the popular Saint George veneration has been associated with phenomena such as Canaanite rituals, shared shrines, blood sacrifices, and rural culture. This centuries-old practice survived and is still widely alive among local Palestinian Christians. Based on a critical study of textual sources and twelve months of ethnographic fieldwork in the West Bank, this article provides an ethnographic-theological account on the Palestinian Saint George veneration, focusing on the controversial political uses and the spiritual meaning of this figure in the Palestinian context. I argue that this popular faith expression has transformed from a cult focused on human flourishing to a platform for grassroots theological ideas, mainly concerning themes like martyrdom, liberation, and belonging to the land.
Imaging the Sacred Online: Digital Media Productions of Progress at a Megachurch in Korea
Authors: Na Hyemin 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTWhether still or moving, clicked, liked, uploaded, or forwarded, digital images have become powerful mechanisms for curating cultural imaginaries in the current context of globalized communication networks. The image has become a visual shorthand for a complex tangle of social issues. Meanwhile, there is a long tradition of religious communities negotiating constructions of the sacred through visual means. This paper analyzes how the sacred is constructed visually in digital platforms, and how image and the conception of progress intersect. I investigate the process by which digital media producers of an influential megachurch in Seoul, South Korea, embed societal norms regarding progress in the selection and creation of visual images for their mobile apps and websites. This study will contribute to understanding the role churches play in producing and disseminating societal narratives regarding progress in the South Korean context.