bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICACTION OF FUNGIS RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI FROM ZINNIA SEEDS, TEST ITS PATHOGENICITY AND CONTROL IT BY ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PRODUCTS
Authors: & Juber Saeed 
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to isolate the fungus Rhizoctonia solani associated with Zinnia seeds, test its pathogenicity and evaluation the effect of alcohol extract of coontail and lotus, grapefruit extract, sea bloom 29 and Bioimmune on this pathogene. This fungus was presented in 3 samples from 11 samples and was recorded for the first time on this plant in Iraq. All the isolates caused a significant reduction in seeds germination. Isolate A22 gave the highest decrease in percentage of germination (4%). This isolate gave 100% disease incidence and 96.5% disease severity compared to control (2.5%). The percentage of germination capacity and seed germination of the seed primed with PEG solution and planted in soil inoculated by this isolate was 45%. The alcoholic extract of coontail 0.2% and Bioimmune 12% caused a significant superiority in the inhibition of this isolate . Also these two extracts caused a significant reduction in disease incidence 77.5% and 72.5% and diseasse severity 72.5% and 70% compared to control 100% and 99.38%.
EFFECT OF GRADUAL HIGH SALINITY ON SOME STRESS PARAMETERS (GLUCOSE,TOTAL PROTEIN AND LACTATE) IN BLOOD PLASMA OF COMMON CARP
Authors: & Al- Hilalli Al- Khshali 
Published: June 2020

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of high salinity on the some stress parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) which gradually exposed to salt concentrations of 5, 10 and 15g/liter, as well as tap water (control 0.1g/liter) for 90 days .80 fish were randomly distributed on eight glass tanks with 2 replicates as 10 fish / replicate at average weight of 15 ± 3 g to study the effect of salinity on the Total protein , Glucose ,and Lactate in blood plasma , Fish were fed during the trial on commercial diet with 31.9 % protein content.. Results showed that an increase in the total protein to 4.98 and then decrease to 4.60 and 3.90 g/100 cm3 when the salinity increased to 5, 10 and 15 g/l respectively, compared with the control treatment (4.94 g/100 cm3). Glucose reached 75.11, 91.20 and 95.17 mg/100 ml at the concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 g/l respectively, compared with the control treatment (66.64 mg/100ml). Lactate also increased to 43.12, 45.38 and 48.53 mg/100 ml , when the salinity increased to 5 , 10 and 15 g/l respectively, in comparison with control treatment (40.65 mg/100 ml) .
USING PROBIOTICS AND INULIN TO PROLONG FERMINTED DAIRY PRODUCTS SHELEF LIFE
Authors: & Thaer Khaleel 
Published: June 2020

The fermented dairy products were prepared using, four different probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lb. rhamnosus, Lb. reutri and Lb. acidophilus individually. The fermented products were prepared using skimmed milk with the addition of 0, 1 and 2% inulin. The results showed that, the fat percentages were 0.14-0.18%, titrable acidity 0.69-0.89%, pH values 4.63- 4.84, total solids 11.95-13.85 and the protein percentages were 3.91-4.26% .The results showed that there were variation in the viable counts of probiotic bacteria according to the added percentage of inulin. It was found that the logarithmic viable counts for Lb. plantarum were 10.86, 12.41 and 13.91 when 0, 1 and 2% inulin was added respectively, while these counts were; 10.61, 12.30, 13.75, 9.97, 11.94, 13.75, 9.72, 10.10 and 11.20 cfu/g for Lb. rhamnosus, Lb. reutri and Lb. acidophilus, respectively. The decreased in logarithmic cycle was by 1.41-1.87 of viable counts (after 10 weeks at 5c) between the treatments of 0% inulin and those which is supported by probiotics addition. At the same conditions, the treatments with 1% inulin shawed 1.5 logarithmic cycle reduction in Lb. rhamnosus, Lb. reutri and Lb. acidophilus ,and 0.78 logarithmic cycle when Lb. planetarium were used. By using 2% inulin the logarithmic cycle decreased were one cycle for Lb. rhamrnosus, Lb. reutri and Lb. acidophilus while it was 0.33 cycle for Lb. planetarium at the same conditions.
EFFECT OF BIO-FERTILIZERS AND MOLYBDENUM ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF GREEN BEAN
Authors: & Al-Rukabi Al-Jebory 
Published: June 2020

This experiment was carried out at the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, during the spring season of 2015 to study the effect of nitrogen fixing bacterial bio-fertilizers including Rhizobium phaseoli, Azotobacter chroococcum, and Azospirillum brasilense and molybdenum on growth and yield of green beans. The experiment was conducted according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications each included 11 treatments represent the interactions between nitrogen fixing bacteria strains, molybdenum solo application, molybdenum and bacteria strains interactions, in addition to the recommended nitrogen application and control treatment. Results were analyzed using the least significant differences (LSD) test at 5% level of significance. Results showed significant effect of the treatment that included all bacteria strains and Mo (T11) on increasing plant macro elements (N, P, and K) which gave 2.39%, 0.49%, and 2.92%, respectively and Fe and Mo concentrations of 269.67 mg.L-1 and 0.69 mg.L-1, respectively and protein percentage in the pods of 13.98%. in addition, treatment of both R. phaseoli and A. chroococcum (T5) gave the most significant main root length of 36.56 cm while R. phaseoli and A. chroococcum and Mo (T9) gave the largest root surface area of 115.00 cm2 and the highest number of root nods that reached 5.33 nod.plant-1. Moreover, T5 significantly increased plant height, leaf number, shoot dry weight, and pod’s length that reached 54.67 cm, 30.22 leaf.plant-1, 65.56 g.plant-1, and 13.62 cm, respectively. As for the T9, results showed significant increase in the number of pods per plant and plant yield of 51.61 pod.plant-1 and 262.03 g.plant-1, respectively.
EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION SALICYLIC ACID ON CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS TOLERANCE TO SOIL SALINITY
Authors: & et al. Al-hayany 
Published: June 2020

This experiment was carried out at the private nursery located at Baquba city/ Diyala governorate during 2015 agricultural season on three years old Citrus rootstocks seedlings to study the effect foliar application of salicylic acid on seedlings tolerance to soil salinity. The experiment included 24 treatment represented three factors: soil salinity levels (1.14,4.62 and 5.30 dSm-1) , two levels of salicylic acid (0 and 250 mg.l -1) and four citrus rootstocks (Sour orange, Cleopatra mandarin, Volkamariana lemon and Troyercitrange ),and their interactions with three replications . The results showed that: increasing soil salinity reduced most studied growth parameters (number and length of branches, number of leaves and fresh weight of the vegetative and root system). Salicylic acid application caused an increment in number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of root system. Citrus rootstocks Troyercitrange was superior on other rootstocks by giving highest values branches length, whereas Cleopatra mandarin rootstock was superior in the number of leaves.
PRIMING OF GENETIC VARIATIONS BY COLOCYNTH FRUIT EXTRACT AND CALLUS INITIATION IN EMBRYOS OF TWO CULTIVARS OF ALFALFA SEEDS
Authors: & Ali Hamza 
Published: June 2020

An experiment was conducted at Central lab of Graduate studies, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during 2015-2016. The aim was to study the effect of colocynth fruit extract on inducing callus from embryos of two alfalfa cultivars were PAC-78001 and local variety by tissue culture technique using factorial experiment within CRD. Seeds was soaked with colocynth fruit extract at 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 ml Li-1 for 24 hours, then, sterilized by NaOCl at 4.5% for 15 minutes. The results showed significant differences between two cultivars responding to colocynth fruit extract levels. Concentration at 150 ml Li-1 gave the highest both fresh and dry weight of callus (205.90 and 20.60) respectively. Also, PCR results depending on RAPD and electrophoresis for DNA samples which isolated from callus of two cultivars and subjected to various concentrations of colocynth fruit extract 0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 ml Li-1 showed differences in amplified observed bands, molecular weights and brightness intensity by using primers primer -Y07, -Y06, OE-12, C-08, D-10, -Y10 and A-16, and There was no difference in bands number at all concentrations of colocynth fruit extract for local variety by primer A-16.
DETERMINATION HETEROSIS,COMBINING ABILITY AND GENE ACTION USING HALF DIALLEL CROSSES IN MAIZE.
Authors: & abed Hammadi 
Published: June 2020

Six inbred lines of maize were crossed in this study by using half – diallel analysis method , during spring season of 2017, to produce fifteen F1 crosses. The parents and crosses were cultivated during fall season of 2017 by using R.C.B.D with three replications to determine heterosis, general and specific combining ability effects and gene action . Significant differences were found among parental and their crosses for all the traits . The results were showed that the hybrid ( Zm - 1× Zm - 5) had the highest heterosis in grain yield.plant-1 (113.4%). The hybrid (ART-B-17x SYN-33) produced highest number rows. ear-1 (17.9) rows, 500 kernel weight (112.9) gm and grain yield.plant-1 (214.7) gm . The values of specific combining ability variances were more than the general combining ability variances for all the traits, indicating that non-additive gene action was responsible for inheritance of all the traits. The values of the broad sense heritability for all characters were higher and average degree of dominance was exceeded one for all the traits . Results indicated that some inbreds could be used in breeding program to develop single crosses which have higher grain yield because all the traits under over dominance gene action
DETERMINATION OF DELTAMETHRIN RESIDUES IN MANDARIN ORANGE AND STUDYING ITS PHYSIOLOYICAL EFFECTS ON MALE MICE BLOOD PROFILE
Authors: &et al. Jawad 
Published: June 2020

Deltamethrin insecticide was highly toxic to mammals and had long-term residual effects and easily causing environmental pollution. The dependence concentration of deltamethrin (25 ppm) was used to treat unripe mandarin orange fruits through a field experiment. A daily and weekly fruit samples, up to 35 days, were examined for deltamethrin residues. The concentrations of deltamethrin which immigrated via peel into flesh of mandarin orange were 3.4, 3.9, 4.5 and 5.2 ppm after 1, 2, 3 and 4 days respectively. The levels of deltamethrin residues were decreased (due to many degradation reasons) from the maximum amount (after 4 days) to undetectable amount after 35 days. The field experiment showed that the fruits are ready to consume (matured) after 21 days, at this time, the deltamethrin residue was 2.3 ppm in mandarin fruit flesh, while the Maximum Residue Level of deltamethrin recommended is 0.02 mg/kg. Dealing with the peel part of fruits, at zero time, the mandarin orange peel trapped more than 40% of the initial concentration (25 ppm) of deltamethrin. The effect of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 ppm deltamethrin, on blood profile of male mice was determined.
STUDY OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF VEGETATION INDEX OF AL-ZAWRA AMMUSEMENT PARK IN BAGHDAD AREA USING GEOTECHNIQUES
Authors: & Jasim Al-fatlawi 
Published: June 2020

The recent needs using new technologies depending on the geomatics and geotachnologies represented by remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) as a tool to manage urban parks green spaces as it allows to collect a lot of data easily and quickly. Also, geoanalyzing and interpreting them to improve these spaces role in urban cities. Normalized differences of vegetation index (NDVI) is considered as one of the most important geotechnical applications and a mean to monitor and interpret changes occurring in this land cover. NDVI has been studied by using Arc GIS v10.3 and the image taken by landsat 8 of OLI sensor at spatial resolution 30*30m2. NDVI result showed that it was ranging between (0- -0.6) in no vegetative cover areas such as water surfaces and bare soils areas at 2.13% of the total area of Al-Zawra park area. It was also ranging between (0.4 – 0.3) in areas heavy with large trees planted intensively in that area of 1.25% of the park. Other values ranged between (0.2 – 0.3) of areas planted with less intensive trees them previous of 12.4% of the total area of the park. NDVI ranged between (0.1 – 0.2) in areas planted separately with plants where this area formed 60.92% of the total park area. Last category ranged between (0 – 0.1) where it include light vegetation cover of pale colors including weeds and grasses up to parking lots and empty spaces of (0) NDVI values at 23.30% of the total area of the park.
First Record of Two Species of Eudactylina (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) from Elasmobranch Fishes of the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Adday Thamir K. , Khamees Najim R. 
Published: June 2020

Description and some ecological aspects of two species of Eudactylina (E. rhinabati and E. turgipes) were found parasitic on two specimens of Glaucostegus granulatus and seven of Gymnura poecilura during the period from January 2011 till June 2012 from the north west of the Arabian Gulf (Latitudes 48° 44? to 48° 46?; longitude 29° 46? to 29° 47?). The prevalence of infection and the mean intensity of infection of E. rhinabati and E. turgipes was 40 %, 4.5 and 28.5, 2 respectively. The present finding of E. rhinobati on the gills of G. granulatus represents its first record in fishes of the Arabian Gulf, and its second occurrence in the World, while the finding of E. turgipes on the gills of G. poecilura in the present study represents a new host record and a new geographical distribution .
Tobacco Use among Adolescents of a Public School of Kaski District
Authors: Sharma Sailaja , Banstola Ratna Shila , Pageni Sakuntala 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Tobacco is one of the proven risk factors, contributes substantially to the rising epidemic of non-communicable diseases.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of tobacco use and associated factors among adolescents of a selected public School in Kaski district. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was adopted and data was collected with self-administered questionnaire from 168 respondents.
Results: The prevalence of tobacco-use was 19.6 percent and mean age of initiation was13.84 years. The most common reasons for smoking were peer pressure (63.3%), imitation (27.3%), family influence (27.3%) and quest for new experience (21.2%). Tobacco-use was strongly associated with ethnicity (p=0.03), mother's education level (p=0.02), father's occupation (p=0.03), peer pressure (p=0.01) and friends smoking habit (p=0.03).
Conclusion: Tobacco-focused interventions are required for school going adolescents to promote cessation among users and prevent its initiation.
Assessment of Drug use Practices among Patients Visiting Outpatient Department of Dermatology at a Hospital in Pokhara, Nepal.
Authors: Bhandari Sujata , Khan Gulam Muhammad 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Skin is the part of an integumentary system that constitutes the largest organ of the human body and thus it is exposed to injury by various extrinsic factors such as environmental, chemical, infectious agents as well as intrinsic factors such as metabolic, genetic and immunological. These are the major contributors to disease burden in society. The goal of the study was to assess the current drug use practices and pattern of skin diseases among the patients visiting the outpatient department of dermatology at a Green Pastures Hospital in Pokhara, Nepal.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in an outpatient pharmacy over a period of three months by clinical pharmacists. Patient data collection forms were the tools used to collect data.
Results: A total of 246 patients were included where 135 were females and 111 were males. The most common skin disease seen in the age group of 19-29 (39.4%). The major skin disease seen in the study were Tinea skin infections (21.1%), Urticaria (11.8%), Eczema (11.1%), Dermatitis (10.6%) followed by Acne (8.1%) and so on. Antihistamines (33.38%), Antifungals (30.03%), Corticosteroids (27.1%) were majorly prescribed drugs. The average number of drug prescriptions per encounter was 2.66. Drugs prescribed by their generic name were 11.2% and those prescribed from the National essential medicines list of Nepal were 22.4% and those prescribed from WHO list of essential medicines was 21.6%.
Conclusion: Overall analysis of the drug showed, the most common route of the prescribed drug was topical followed by oral. In this study, generic prescribing of the drug was low compared with a brand prescription. WHO core drug use indicators have been used in the present study as a measure of performance of drug usage. The prescription audit can be an eye-opener and therefore it should be done periodically to rationalize the prescription, reduce error and suggest cost-effective management.
Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Properties of Seeds of Cucurbitaceae Family from Western Nepal
Authors: Kaundinnyayana Atisammodavardhana , G.C Anita , Banstola Asmita , Poudel Kishwor , Acharya Nirmal , Koirala Sanjay 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by the defect in insulin secretion or insulin action or both. The association between diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress is well established. Cucurbitaceae is the largest family containing 120 genera mostly grown for its sweet and juicy fruit in warm climates all over the world. In the present work ethanolic extracts of the seeds of Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn (Chichinno), Lagenaria siceraria (Lauka), Cucurbita pepo (Pharsi), Luffa aegiptiaca (Ghiraula), and Benincasa hispida (Kubindo) collected from Western Nepal has been evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo hypoglycemic effects.
Methods: In vitro antioxidant activity was assessed by using DPPH free radical scavenging activities and their IC50 values were calculated. In vivo hypoglycemic effect was examined on normoglycemic rats. The clinical significance of ethanolic extract at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight was investigated in 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes of oral administration. Metformin treated group was used as the positive control.
Results: For DPPH radical scavenging action, the IC50 values of Trichosanthes cucumerina, Luffa aegiptiaca, Benincasa hispida, Cucurbita pepo, Lagenaria siceraria were found to be 60.72, 127.73, 49.63, 98.16 and 52.46 µg/ml respectively which were compared to the IC50 value of ascorbic acid (Positive control) which was found to be 38.11 µg/ml. The extracts of Benincasa hispida, and were having higher antioxidant activity and tested for in vivo hypoglycemic activity.In vivo administration of two doses of ethanolic extract of Lagenaria siceraria reduced the level of blood glucose while the best result was obtained at 250 mg/kg.
Conclusions: Present study revealed promising antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity of ethanolic extract of Lagenaria siceraria. The further exploration of Lagenaria siceraria for its effective use in the traditional medicinal system is essential.
Health Domain Determing Quality of Life of Elderly People in Baglung
Authors: Rana Indeera Shrees , Adhikari Rita 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Quality of life reflects physical and mental health, emotional well being and social functioning of an individual’s life. Elderly is the period accompanied by decline in person’s physical and cognitive domain that is associated with decreased quality of life. The purpose of this study is to assess the health domains determining quality of life among elderly people in Baglung.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among conveniently selected 130 elderly people in Jaimini-10, Baglung and interviewed using the WHO QOL-BREF structured interview schedule. The data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 20.
Results: The finding revealed that nearly elderly people enjoyed the quality of life as excellent (60.8%) and good (39.2%). Regarding the domains of QOL in the WHOQOL-BREF, the highest mean score was for the environmental domain (Mean 30.04±2.04) and lowest for the social relation domain (Mean 7.42±0.75). The quality of life was more excellent among females (50.63%), currently married (79.74%) than in widowed (20.25%), living in nuclear family (56.96%) than in joint family (43.03%) and independent elderly (88.61%) than dependent elderly people (11.39%). There was significant association of quality of life to age (p = 0.004), marital status (p= 0.000), educational status (p=0.000), occupation (p=0.004), financial status(p = 0.002) and social status (p = 0.023).
Conclusions: This study concluded that three-fifths of respondents had excellent QOL. There was significant association of quality of life to age (p= 0.004), marital status (p= 0.000), educational status (p= 0.000), occupation (p= 0.004), financial dependency (p= 0.002) and social status (p= 0.023).
Socio-cultural Barriers in Infant and Young Child Feeding Practice among Mothers of Kumal Community in Nuwakot District
Authors: Shrestha Ramesh , Bhandari Ved Prasad , Bhatt Laxman Datt 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Child feeding practices have a direct consequence on the nutritional status of children under two year which ultimately have impact on child survival. Socio-cultural barriers is one of the main factors in infant and young child feeding in various community. This study aims to explore socio-cultural barriers of infant and young child feeding practices among mothers of Kumal community in Nuwakot district.
Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among mother of 6-23 months children’s in Kumal community. Data was collected from 67 respondents through face-to-face interview. The collected data was entered in Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS, version 20.
Results: Our study reveals that 83.6% of the respondents had initiated early breastfeeding. More than half (56.7%) of the respondents had exclusive breastfeeding and 97% had extended breastfeeding. Half (50.7%) of the respondents introduce complementary feeding in time, sex of child was associated with exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding. Similarly, size of household, mother and father education was associated with continuation of breastfeeding practice.
Conclusions: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and appropriate complementary feeding is still low due to many factors and one being socio cultural practices and beliefs. Interventions that can hit the socio-cultural beliefs should be given priority to exterminate the socio-cultural taboos from root level.