bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platypus and echidna genomes reveal mammalian biology and evolution
Authors: Zhou Yang , Shearwin-Whyatt Linda , Li Jing , Song Zhenzhen , Hayakawa Takashi , Stevens David , Fenelon Jane C. , Peel Emma , Cheng Yuanyuan , Pajpach Filip , Bradley Natasha , Suzuki Hikoyu , Nikaido Masato , Damas Joana , Daish Tasman , Perry Tahlia , Zhu Zexian , Geng Yuncong , Rhie Arang , Sims Ying , Wood Jonathan , Haase Bettina , Mountcastle Jacquelyn , Fedrigo Olivier , Li Qiye , Yang Huanming , Wang Jian , Johnston Stephen D. , Phillippy Adam M. , Howe Kerstin , Jarvis Erich D. , Ryder Oliver A. , Kaessmann Henrik , Donnelly Peter , Korlach Jonas , Lewin Harris A. , Graves Jennifer , Belov Katherine , Renfree Marilyn B. , Grutzner Frank , Zhou Qi , Zhang Guojie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEgg-laying mammals (monotremes) are the only extant mammalian outgroup to therians (marsupial and eutherian animals) and provide key insights into mammalian evolution1,2. Here we generate and analyse reference genomes of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) and echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus), which represent the only two extant monotreme lineages. The nearly complete platypus genome assembly has anchored almost the entire genome onto chromosomes, markedly improving the genome continuity and gene annotation. Together with our echidna sequence, the genomes of the two species allow us to detect the ancestral and lineage-specific genomic changes that shape both monotreme and mammalian evolution. We provide evidence that the monotreme sex chromosome complex originated from an ancestral chromosome ring configuration. The formation of such a unique chromosome complex may have been facilitated by the unusually extensive interactions between the multi-X and multi-Y chromosomes that are shared by the autosomal homologues in humans. Further comparative genomic analyses unravel marked differences between monotremes and therians in haptoglobin genes, lactation genes and chemosensory receptor genes for smell and taste that underlie the ecological adaptation of monotremes.
Genetic and Biochemical Predictors of Neonatal Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Abdellatif May A.K. , Eyada Eman , Rabie Walaa , Abdelaziz Azza , Shahin Walaa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication of prematurity with a multifactorial etiology, influenced by both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors on the immature lung. Fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 and -4 (FGFR-3 and FGFR-4) are abundantly expressed in both the epithelium and mesenchyme in the developing mammalian lung. FGFR-4 may play a role in developing BPD as it is associated with airway inflammation and remodeling; studies showed a link between BPD and a polymorphism in the FGFR-4 gene. The aim of this study was to study the significance of FGFR-4 in developing BPD and to investigate the correlation between its serum level and its genetic polymorphism in relation to development of BPD in preterms. This case–control study was performed on 80 preterm neonates (<32 weeks) divided into two groups: group I included 50 preterms with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) who developed BPD and group II included 30 preterms with RDS only. The mean serum level of FGFR-4 was significantly lower in group I than in group II (p-value < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the serum levels of FGFR-4 and the degree of severity of BPD. Allele variation in the FGFR-4 gene was similar in both groups. The serum level of FGFR-4 was significantly lower in preterms with BPD, although the gene polymorphism was not significantly different in the studied groups.
Explaining the legitimizing function of expert knowledge: how France got away with pain in farm animals
Authors: Caby Vincent 
Published: January 2021

AbstractScholars have long investigated connections between types of knowledge use and types of policy subsystem. Yet, most of them focus on the learning function of expert information. The legitimizing function of knowledge—when expertise serves as a substitute for decision (Boswell in J Eur Public Policy 15(4):471–488, 2008)—has attracted less attention. An empirically validated explanation of this function is still missing. This article tests existing hypotheses regarding which features of the subsystem are conducive to the legitimizing function. The demonstration rests upon a case study: France’s Ministry of Agriculture’s commissioning of INRA to carry out a systematic literature review on pain in farm animals. Two types of factors are involved in the legitimizing function of knowledge: environmental mechanisms (an adversarial policy subsystem, concentration of policy authority) and relational mechanisms (coalitions displaying epistemic uncertainty and exerting pressures on the source of policy authority, a policy broker mitigating the conflict between the two coalitions).
The human (in)security trap: how European border(ing) practices condemn migrants to vulnerability
Authors: Fontana Iole 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article explores the experience of migrants at Europe’s borders and beyond building upon the notion of human security—or rather its antithesis insecurity—and looking at it afresh through the lenses of border studies. It introduces the concept of ‘human insecurity trap’ as a tool to grasp the insecurities and vulnerabilities of people-on-the-move and the different border(ing)s, barriers and confinements they stem from. The article argues that smuggling to and across Europe, as well as EU and MS policy apparatus, entraps migrants into a spiral of human insecurity which unfolds at different levels and borders: at sea, in the ongoing struggle between smugglers and EU counter-smuggling operations; at the state border, where bureaucratic limbo and the (mis)management of shipwrecked migrants and asylum-seekers variously contend and combine with populist anti-migrant discourse; and across the EU, as practices of ‘re-smuggling’ and ‘secondary movement’ compete with practices of mobility limits, returns and border closures.
Elitism in mathematics and inequality
Authors: Chang Ho-Chun Herbert , Fu Feng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Fields Medal, often referred as the Nobel Prize of mathematics, is awarded to no more than four mathematicians under the age of 40, every 4 years. In recent years, its conferral has come under scrutiny of math historians, for rewarding the existing elite rather than its original goal of elevating under-represented mathematicians. Prior studies of elitism focus on citational practices while a characterization of the structural forces that prevent access remain unclear. Here we show the flow of elite mathematicians between countries and lingo-ethnic identity, using network analysis and natural language processing on 240,000 mathematicians and their advisor–advisee relationships. We present quantitative evidence of how the Fields Medal helped integrate Japan after WWII, through analysis of the elite circle formed around Fields Medalists. We show increases in pluralism among major countries, though Arabic, African, and East Asian identities remain under-represented at the elite level. Our results demonstrate concerted efforts by academic committees, such as prize giving, can either reinforce the existing elite or reshape its definition. We anticipate our methodology of academic genealogical analysis can serve as a useful diagnostic for equity and systemic bias within academic fields.
Proficiency testing for determination of pesticides residues in black tea: Comparison of three robust statistical approaches based on ISO 13528 to estimate the consensus values for small number of participants
Authors: Aryana Nurhani 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In Indonesia, proficiency testing (PT) provider for determination of pesticides residues in tea is still limited. In addition, many proficiency testing schemes still use consensus value from participants’ results as the assigned value rather than reference assigned value due to some technical and economical issues. However, this mode of assigned value may lack of reliability when the number of participants are small and the test results are highly varied. In these conditions, many PT providers were not able to perform the statistical data evaluation causing the needed PT became unavailable. This study is aimed to investigate the suitable statistical approach in estimating the consensus value for small number of participants in PT for determination of pesticides residues in black tea. Three robust statistical approaches recommended by ISO 13528: variants of Algorithm A, Hampel method, and M estimator were compared to evaluate the participants’ data from the PT schemes organized by Research Center of Chemistry-LIPI in 2014 and 2015. All of the robust statistical approaches showed to be able to assess the performance of participants. The Hampel method and M estimator were the most adequate robust statistical approaches in obtaining the closest consensus values compared to the homogeneity test results, stability monitoring results, and the assigned valued in the real PT scheme, for endosulfan sulphate and bifenthrin, respectively.
Characterization of solid perfume based on Cocoa Butter with Jasmine Oil as fragrance
Authors: Septiyanti Melati , Meliana Yenny , Suryani Novia , Hendrawati  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cocoa butter can be obtained from by-product of chocolate powder processing from the result of mechanical pressing using hydraulic press. As a source of vitamin E, cocoa butter in cosmetic has some advantages which are to soften and moisturize the skin. Meanwhile, jasmine can be used as a fragrance in perfume and cosmetics. In this study, cocoa butter was used as raw material for solid perfume. Its optimal concentration in the product was determined. Solid perfume was made by melting cocoa butter and beeswax at 90°C followed by adding jasmine oil as fragrance. The formulation variation of solid perfume was done with cocoa butter concentration 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% (w/w) and addition of patchouli oil as fragrance fixative agent. The following tests were carried out on the products: functional group analysis, hardness test, homogeneity test, physical stability test, melting point test, antioxidant test, and organoleptic test. The result showed that the variation of cocoa butter concentration affected the physical characteristics of the solid perfume. The optimum product of solid perfume based on panelists’ organoleptic test was achieved with cocoa butter concentration of 30%. It had an organoleptic score of 3.63, antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 201.98µg/mL, hardness penetration 14.16 mm/second, melting point 90°C and pH value 4.
Effect of solvent concentration in sago starch fractionation
Authors: Sondari Dewi , Restu Witta Kartika , Sampora Yulianti , Devy Yenni Apriliany , Yosta Teo Duri , Muawanah Anna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The research studied the effect of solvent concentration in the fractionation process from sago starch in order to achieve the amylose fraction. The amylose is aimed to be applied as a functional material such as for edible film. The fractionation process is carried out by utilizing N-butanol as the solvent with a variety of concentration (10, 12.5 and 15%). The highest result is achieved from the concentration of butanol of 15%. It resulted in a yield of 31.19%, a 30.78% solubility, and swelling ability of 2.37%. The spectra from Fourier transform infrared showed the same specific peaks of the obtained amylose. However, each of them shows different intensity means the fractionation process affect the resulted amylose.
Antifungal of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn) leaves, nutshells, and peduncle bagasse ashes extracts against sooty mould fungi (Capnodium sp)
Authors: Andayanie W R , Lukito M , Chasanatun F 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Different concentrations of cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn) leaves, nutshells, and peduncle bagasse ashes extract evaluated for growth inhibition of Capnodium sp and the antifungal activity. Results revealed that different concentration of cashew leaves, nutshells, and peduncle bagasse ashes extracts showed values difference of absorbance (DA) ranging from 0.00 to 0.42. All the concentrations of extracts showed significant inhibition in the spore germination of sooty mould. The highest levels caused maximum inhibition in the spore germination followed by lower concentrations of cashew nut shells, peduncle bagasse and leaf extracts respectively. Cashew nut shells extract had a high level of total polyphenolic, flavonoid content, pH and low values of titratable acidity, which could be attributed to its potent antifungal activity.
Anticancer activity of Lampung Robusta Coffee extract fractions
Authors: Husniati Husniati , Oktiani Devi , Suhartati Tati , Pratama Valentino Budi , Devi Anastasia Fitria , Artanti Nina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Coffee is a popular beverage that is consumed worldwide. Habitual coffee drinking is associated with cancer risk reduction including pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer. The invert correlation between coffee intake and breast cancer risk is weak, therefore coffee is potential for functional beverage. Coffee should be taken for several times per day to get its benefit. Compounds which give the cancer reduction effect are still debatable, they can be compounds with antioxidant or non-antioxidant properties. Robusta coffee from Lampung has a special meaning for Indonesian coffee lovers due to its strong aroma and flavour with affordable price. In order to observe the anticancer activity of Lampung Robusta coffee, its aqueous methanol extract was passed through a chromatography column containing polyamide with aqueous methanol as the eluent with a gradient of 10%. A total of 54 fractions were obtained and labelled as A to K fractions. Chlorogenic acid was detected in fractions A and B. Meanwhile, it was not detected in other fractions including G fraction. This G fraction, however, was the only one to show cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. This result suggests that this fraction contains potential compounds with anticancer activity.
Design of hybrid RO/NF permeate staging for the supply of clean water in Tanjung Lame Village
Authors: Prayoga Anton , Zakwan Muhammad , Bismo Setijo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The groundwater sources from community wells in Tanjung Lame village, Pandeglang district, are very salty, so they are not suitable for consumption. Reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane are alternative desalination technologies for treating clean water from saltwater wells. However, the pressure required on a conventional single-stage RO filtration system is very high. The purpose of this study is to design a hybrid RO/NF filtration system that can operate at low pressure. The designed hybrid RO/NF permeate staging has proven to be able to produce clean water from saltwater wells in Tanjung Lame village at low pressure. To obtain optimum results, the designed hybrid RO/NF permeate staging is operated at the first and second stage pressure of 6 and 3 bar, respectively. At that pressure, the salt rejection and TDS of permeate is 97.06% and 85 ppm, respectively. The water recovery rate and permeate flow rate is 31% and 1.55 liters/minute, respectively.
Synthesis of Nano-Composite Ag/TiO2 for Polyethylene Microplastic Degradation Applications
Authors: Maulana Didit Ardi , Ibadurrohman Muhammad , Slamet  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The aim of this research is to synthesize Ag/TiO2 nano-composites to study their ability to degrade microplastics in water, followed by varying size of microplastic particles as pollutants in drinking water. The method used for synthesizing Ag/TiO2 is Photo Assisted Deposition (PAD). Characterizations done to determine the difference between TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 were SEM-EDX and UV-Vis DRS. Polyethylene microplastics were selected as samples in this study. The variation of microplastic size used is 100-125, 125-150, and 150-250 micrometers with initial concentrations of 100 ppm. Magnetic stirrers used at a rotational speed of 2000 rpm during the degradation process with a UV lamp irradiation. The addition of the Ag dopant has a good effect in microplastic degradation, where the percentage of degradation reaches 100% within 120 minutes of irradiation at an initial concentration of 100 ppm. An initial concentration of 100 ppm obtained the best percent degradation at particle size 125-150 micrometers, where 100% degradation achieved at 90 minutes irradiation.
Establishment of Traceability Chain For pH Measurement in Indonesia
Authors: Hindayani Ayu , Hamim Nuryatini , Elishian Christine , Aristiawan Yosi , Mulyana Muhammad Rizky , Handayani Eka Mardika , Pratiwi Eka , Ginanjar Gigin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As a consequence of the globalization of trade and industries, the presence of an accurate and traceable measurement has become very important for quality assurance of a product or service in the market, including pH measurement. pH measurement is a basic analysis used in a wide variety of applications, such as agriculture, wastewater treatment, industrial processes, research and development, and environmental monitoring. The reliable and comparable results of pH measurement are advantaged as one of the parameters for quality control that will affect the decision making. The Electrochemistry Laboratory under Deputy of National Measurement Standard – National Standardization Agency of Indonesia (SNSU–BSN) has a main duty to ensure the reliability, comparability, and traceability of pH measurements in Indonesia, as a commitment in building chemical metrology infrastructure. In this article, all the activities related to the establishment of traceability chain for pH measurement in Indonesia are comprehensively discussed. As of currently, the Electrochemistry Laboratory has successfully developed the secondary method for pH measurement using differential potentiometric cell, production of certified reference material (CRM) for buffer solution (oxalate, phthalate, phosphate, and borate buffer), dissemination by proficiency testing (PT) schemes for pH measurement, participation in the key comparison (KC) of APMP.QM-K91 for phthalate buffer, and claim submission for the Calibration Measurement Capabilities (CMCs) of phthalate buffer (pH 3.97-4.03) with expanded uncertainty 0.004.
Mechanical properties of edible film from Tanduk Banana (Musa corniculata Rumph) peels for food packaging
Authors: Muryeti  , Ningtyas Rina , Nugroho Herdian , Sabrina Aufi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The widespread use of plastic has adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, it is necessary to find environmentally friendly packaging material alternatives, derived from biopolymers. This study aimed to make biodegradable films from Tanduk Banana (Musa corniculata Rumph) peels and determine the characteristics of these films. The methods used were extraction of pectin from Tanduk banana peel, making of edible film and characterization of mechanical properties of edible film. The raw materials used were variation of tapioca flour (0g; 0.6g; 1.2g and 1.8g), CMC 3%, Glycerol 0.5 ml, and 6g of banana peel pectin. Various tests were carried out to determine mechanical properties of edible film, include tensile strength, elongation, modulus Young, and thickness. Test results show the optimum value of edible film thickness is 1.025 mm and obtained at the composition of 2.4g of tapioca flour. The optimum value of tensile strength is 8.22 MPa, the elongation percentage is 40.4% and obtained at the composition of 1.2g tapioca flour. The optimum value of modulus young is 0.20347 MPa and obtained at the composition of 1.2g tapioca flour.
Protected percolation: a new universality class pertaining to heavily-doped quantum critical systems
Authors: Fayfar Sean , Bretaña Alex , Montfrooij Wouter 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present computer simulations on a class of percolative systems that forms a new universality class. We determine the universal critical exponents for this new class from simulations on lattices consisting of up to one billion sites. These new percolative systems differ from standard systems in that once a cluster breaks off the lattice spanning cluster, its sites become protected and cannot be removed. We demonstrate that despite this restriction on the evolution of isolated clusters, the scaling relationships between the critical exponents remain valid. Protected percolation closely mimics the situation in heavily-doped quantum critical systems where isolated magnetic clusters are protected from Kondo screening. We show that protected percolation in three dimensions violates the Harris criterion, explaining why universal exponents for quantum phase transitions have been elusive.
Observation of strong magneto plasmonic nonlinearity in bilayer graphene discs
Authors: Chin Matthew L , Matschy Sebastian , Stawitzki Florian , Poojali Jayaprakash , Hafez Hassan A , Turchinovich Dmitry , Winnerl Stephan , Kumar Gagan , Myers-Ward Rachael L , Dejarld Matthew T , Daniels Kevin M , Drew H Dennis , Murphy Thomas E , Mittendorff Martin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Graphene patterned into plasmonic structures like ribbons or discs strongly increases the linear and nonlinear optical interaction at resonance. The nonlinear optical response is governed by hot carriers, leading to a red-shift of the plasmon frequency. In magnetic fields, the plasmon hybridizes with the cyclotron resonance, resulting in a splitting of the plasmonic absorption into two branches. Here we present how this splitting can be exploited to tune the nonlinear optical response of graphene discs. In the absence of a magnetic field, a strong pump-induced increase in on-resonant transmission can be observed, but fields in the range of 3 T can change the characteristics completely, leading to an inverted nonlinearity. A two temperature model is provided that describes the observed behavior well.
Increased Pulse Pressure Variability Within the First 24 Hours Leads to Poor Disposition in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients
Authors: Dowlati Ehsan , Triano Matthew J , Felbaum Daniel R , Mai Jeffrey C , Aulisi Edward F , Armonda Rocco A , Chang Jason J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite treatment advancements. Although high blood pressure (BP) remains a significant risk factor in aneurysmal SAH and rerupture, the role of BP parameters and fluctuation in prognostication remains unclear. We sought to define how BP parameters and variability within 24 hours of hospitalization in acute-onset SAH affects patient discharge outcomes.

METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed a prospectively collected cohort of SAH patients. Hourly BP parameters, including systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP, pulse pressure (PP), and their corresponding variability (delineated by SD), were collected to investigate associations with the primary endpoint of discharge disposition.

RESULTS
One hundred and seventy-four SAH patients were included in the study. On bivariate analysis, Hunt–Hess (HH) score, Fisher grade, intraventricular hemorrhage, external ventricular drain placement, and SBP and PP variability were significantly associated with a poor disposition. Poor disposition was significantly associated with age, HH score, intraventricular hemorrhage, and PP variability on multivariate analysis. PP variability remained an independent predictor for poor disposition (odds ratio 1.11, 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.21, P = 0.02) when adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusions
Increased BP and PP variability within the first 24 hours of admission portends a poor discharge disposition for aneurysmal SAH patients.