bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fermented foods in a global age: East meets West
Authors: Tamang Jyoti Prakash , Cotter Paul D. , Endo Akihito , Han Nam Soo , Kort Remco , Liu Shao Quan , Mayo Baltasar , Westerik Nieke , Hutkins Robert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFermented foods and alcoholic beverages have long been an important part of the human diet in nearly every culture on every continent. These foods are often well‐preserved and serve as stable and significant sources of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. Despite these common features, however, many differences exist with respect to substrates and products and the types of microbes involved in the manufacture of fermented foods and beverages produced globally. In this review, we describe these differences and consider the influence of geography and industrialization on fermented foods manufacture. Whereas fermented foods produced in Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand usually depend on defined starter cultures, those made in Asia and Africa often rely on spontaneous fermentation. Likewise, in developing countries, fermented foods are not often commercially produced on an industrial scale. Although many fermented products rely on autochthonous microbes present in the raw material, for other products, the introduction of starter culture technology has led to greater consistency, safety, and quality. The diversity and function of microbes present in a wide range of fermented foods can now be examined in detail using molecular and other omic approaches. The nutritional value of fermented foods is now well‐appreciated, especially in resource‐poor regions where yoghurt and other fermented foods can improve public health and provide opportunities for economic development. Manufacturers of fermented foods, whether small or large, should follow Good Manufacturing Practices and have sustainable development goals. Ultimately, preferences for fermented foods and beverages depend on dietary habits of consumers, as well as regional agricultural conditions and availability of resources.
Anxiety disorders comorbidity in pediatric bipolar disorder: a meta‐analysis and meta‐regression study
Authors: Yapıcı Eser H. , Taşkıran A. S. , Ertınmaz B. , Mutluer T. , Kılıç Ö. , Özcan Morey A. , Necef I. , Yalçınay İnan M. , Öngür D. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveAnxiety disorders (AD) are known for its comorbidity and negative impact on the course of adult bipolar disorder (BD). However, there is limited research on AD comorbidity in pediatric BD (PBD). Here, we aimed to conduct a meta‐analysis and meta‐regression study about the comorbidity and covariates of AD and PBD.MethodWe systematically searched relevant articles published until May 2019, as defined in PRISMA guidelines. Variables for associated features and prevalence of AD were extracted.ResultsThirty‐seven articles represented data for the analysis. Lifetime any AD comorbidity was 44.7%; panic disorder (PD) was 12.7%; generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was 27.4%; social phobia was 20.1%; separation anxiety disorder (SAD) was 26.1%; and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) was 16.7%. Childhood‐onset studies reported higher GAD and SAD comorbidity, while adolescent‐onset studies reported higher PD, OCD, and social phobia. Age of onset, gender, comorbidity of ADHD, substance use, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder affected each anxiety disorders’ comorbidity with PBD differently.ConclusionAnxiety disorders are highly comorbid with PBD. Early‐onset PBD increases the risk of AD. Biopsychosocial aspects of this comorbidity and its course needs to be evaluated further.
The cascade of care for opioid use disorder: a retrospective study in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Piske Micah , Zhou Haoxuan , Min Jeong E. , Hongdilokkul Natt , Pearce Lindsay A. , Homayra Fahmida , Socias M. Eugenia , McGowan Gina , Nosyk Bohdan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsThe ‘cascade of care’ framework, measuring attrition at various stages of care engagement, has been proposed to guide the public health response to the opioid overdose public health emergency in British Columbia, Canada. We estimated the cascade of care for opioid use disorder and identified factors associated with care engagement for people with opioid use disorder (PWOUD) provincially.DesignRetrospective study using a provincial‐level linkage of four health administrative databases.Setting and participantsAll PWOUD in BC from 1 January 1996 to 30 November 2017.MeasurementsThe eight‐stage cascade of care included diagnosed PWOUD, ever on opioid agonist treatment (OAT), recently on OAT, currently on OAT and retained on OAT: ≥ 1, ≥ 3, ≥ 12 and ≥ 24 months). Health‐care use, homelessness and other demographics were obtained from physician billing records, hospitalizations, and drug dispensation records. Receipt of income assistance was indicated by enrollment in Pharmacare Plan C.FindingsA total of 55 470 diagnosed PWOUD were alive at end of follow‐up. As of 2017, a majority of the population (n = 39 456; 71%) received OAT during follow‐up; however, only 33% (n = 18 519) were currently engaged in treatment and 16% (n = 8960) had been retained for at least 1 year. Compared with those never on OAT, those currently engaged in OAT were more likely to be aged under 45 years [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.64, 1.89], male (aOR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.64, 1.82), with concurrent substance use disorders (aOR = 2.56, 95% CI = 2.44, 2.70), hepatitis C virus (HCV) (aOR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.14, 1.33) and either homeless or receiving income‐assistance (aOR = 4.35, 95% CI = 4.17, 4.55). Regular contact with the health‐care system—either in out‐patient or acute care settings—was common among PWOUD not engaged in OAT, regardless of time since diagnosis or treatment discontinuation.ConclusionsPeople with opioid use disorder in British Columbia, Canada show high levels of out‐patient care prior to diagnosis. Younger age, male sex, urban residence, lower income level and homelessness appear to be independently associated with increased opioid agonist treatment engagement.
Parenting challenges of African immigrants in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Salami Bukola , Alaazi Dominic A. , Okeke‐Ihejirika Philomina , Yohani Sophie , Vallianatos Helen , Tetreault Brittany , Nsaliwa Christina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAfrican immigrant children and youth have some of the poorest social and mental health outcomes in Canada. Although parenting challenges have been widely documented as a key driver of these outcomes, limited systematic research has investigated this phenomenon. In this paper, we report the results of a study examining parenting challenges among a sample of African immigrant parents in Alberta, Canada. We relied on the theoretical lens of transnationalism to collect and analyse data from a purposive sample of African community leaders (n = 14), African immigrant parents (n = 32), and a range of stakeholders (n = 30). Our thematic data analysis revealed several intricately intertwined parenting challenges, organized around six overarching themes, namely, cultural incompatibility, family tension, state interference, limited social supports, poor access to services, and low socioeconomic status. We present these themes and the policy and service implications of our findings.
Orphans of Our Common Worlds
Authors: Lindgren Therese , Sjöstrand Öhrfelt Magdalena 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this article, Therese Lindgren and Magdalena Sjöstrand Öhrfelt compare two discourses that have been influential in the field of early education: the social‐economic and the posthumanist. Studying how the young educable child is articulated in these seemingly contradictory discourses, Lindgren and Sjöstrand Öhrfelt have found that the discourses not only overlap, but, to some extent, they also reinforce each other. Both discourses depict the future as precarious, and along with identifying deficiencies of our time, they seek to justify the need for early intervention in terms of education. The young child is portrayed, on the one hand, as not‐yet‐realized human capital and, on the other, as a site for change and new beginnings. That is, the child figures as the key to a better and more sustainable world. In both discourses, early childhood education and care (ECEC) is depicted as an emancipating project, detaching the child from the child's social and cultural contexts and historical past, making the young educable child an “orphan.”
Same species, same habitat preferences? The distribution of aquatic plants is not explained by the same predictors in lakes and streams
Authors: Gillard Morgane B. , Aroviita Jukka , Alahuhta Janne 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Studying the geographical distribution of species can reveal conditions and processes that may drive species presence and abundance. Organism distribution has frequently been explained by climate, but the relative role of local environmental predictors is not fully understood. Moreover, in the freshwater realm, intrinsic differences existing between different categories of water bodies can lead to significant differences in species–environment relationships. Here, we tested the relative importance of broad‐scale climate and local environmental predictors in explaining plant species distributions in freshwater lakes and streams.

We built species distribution models to investigate which predictors best explain aquatic plant distribution in two categories of water bodies. We used species inventories and records of three climate and eight local environmental predictors for 150 lakes and 150 streams in Finland.

We found that sets of predictors that explain the distribution of macrophyte species are unique depending on if species are in a lake or a stream. Overall, air temperature and ecosystem size were essential to predict aquatic plant species presence in both water body categories. Broad‐scale climate predictors were always very important in explaining species distribution, while local environmental conditions such as water chemistry were of variable influence, depending on species and water body category.

These results are probably due to high spatial and temporal variability and range of water physico‐chemical parameters, especially in streams. Nonetheless, despite a lower relative importance than climatic factors, local environmental predictors also strongly affected species distributions.

Our findings highlight that incorporating local environmental conditions to species distribution models in addition to climate predictors is necessary to improve predictions, particularly for distribution of stream flora. Considering the species‐specific responses of aquatic plants to their environment, studying species individually with species distribution models represents a useful analysis.
Macroinvertebrate community patterns in relation to leaf‐associated periphyton under contrasting light and nutrient conditions in headwater streams
Authors: Eckert Rebecca A. , Halvorson Halvor M. , Kuehn Kevin A. , Lamp William O. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTemperate headwater streams traditionally have been considered heterotrophic and brown food web dominated with little primary production. Recent work, however, suggests algae on leaves in these streams may play a greater role than previously thought through interactions with microbial decomposers like fungi. Algae also may be important for macroinvertebrates colonizing leaves in streams. Algae are a more nutritious food resource for shredders than fungi and bacteria and provide a food resource for non‐shredder macroinvertebrates.In a field experiment, we manipulated light in three low‐nutrient and three high‐nutrient streams using leaf bags filled with red maple leaves in winter and spring. After four weeks we measured algal and fungal biomass, leaf stoichiometry, and macroinvertebrate abundance and biomass associated with the leaf bags. We also identified the macroinvertebrate community and examined differences in functional feeding guilds and taxa under ambient‐ and shaded‐light treatments and low‐ and high‐nutrient concentrations in relation to measured leaf characteristics.Algal biomass on leaves was greatest in high‐nutrient streams and ambient‐light treatments in both seasons. Fungal biomass on leaves was greatest in high‐nutrient streams and showed a moderate marginally significant positive correlation with algae during the winter. Leaf C:N was negatively correlated to algae in winter and fungi in both seasons, while leaf N:P and C:P were negatively correlated to fungi in winter and algae in spring. Interactions between fungi and algae on leaves and the nutritional importance of each for macroinvertebrates likely change across seasons, potentially impacting macroinvertebrate community composition.Macroinvertebrate diversity did not differ, but biomass was significantly greater in shaded‐light treatments during spring. Abundance was highest in the high‐nutrient ambient‐light conditions in both seasons, corresponding to greatest algal biomass. Functional feeding guild biomass and abundance were related to different leaf characteristics by season and guild. Higher algal biomass was an important factor for colonization of certain macroinvertebrates (e.g.,Ephemerella(Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) andStenonema(Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae)), while others were more abundant under shaded treatments with lower algal biomass (e.g.,Tipula(Diptera: Tipulidae)), indicating taxa‐specific responses.Leaf‐associated algae may be an important factor mediating macroinvertebrate communities associated with leaves in temperate headwater streams. Our results demonstrate that green and brown food webs intersect within leaf packs, and they cannot be easily disentangled. We therefore should consider both autochthonous and allochthonous resources within headwater streams when examining their communities or developing water management strategies.
Emotional disorder syndrome after cosmetic facial injection
Authors: Wang Chenyu , Sun Tianyu , Zhu Lin , Zhang Yingcheng , Wang Xiaojun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere are a number of patients who develop severe anxiety or depression after receiving facial cosmetic injections. We presented a 32‐year‐old woman who developed frequent panic, tension headache, tachycardia, shortness of breath, and sleep disorder for a year after the injection of hyaluronic acid on her forehead and glabella. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple flaky and slightly longer T1, slightly longer T2 signals on the anterior frontal white matter. However, the patient's brain MRI scan 5 months before the injection showed no such performance. The patient was asked to consult the psychiatrist and was diagnosed with anxiety disorder. We name such phenomenon by Emotional disorder syndrome after cosmetic facial injection and assume that there are three major reasons for the emergence of this syndrome. One reason may be that emotional disorder is caused by the mental state of the patient. The second reason to explain the emotional disorder might be the frontal lobe syndrome caused by the frontal embolism during the filler injection. Another reason may be leukoaraiosis, a brain white matter change which may cause depression and anxiety.
Grasslands ancient and modern: Soil nutrients, habitat age and their relation to Ellenberg N
Authors: Löfgren Oskar , Hall Karin , Schmid Barbara Christine , Prentice Honor Clare 
Published: January 2020

AbstractQuestionsTo what extent does the long‐term process of grassland succession reflect changes in nutrient availability or other effects of grassland history? Plant communities in ancient, semi‐natural pastures include many species associated with nutrient‐poor soils. However, semi‐natural pasture communities can also develop on previously arable sites — as nutrient levels decline over time. In Europe, Ellenberg N‐values represent species’ overall nutrient preferences and are often used as a proxy for soil nutrient availability. But how well do N‐values actually reflect species’ relationships with measured nutrient concentrations during grassland succession?LocationA successional series of grazed, previously arable to ancient, grasslands on the Baltic island of Öland, Sweden.MethodsWe collected data on community composition and soil nutrient (phosphorus, ammonium, nitrate) concentrations. We used Bayesian joint‐community modelling to parameterize species’ relationships with nutrients and grassland age, and quantified the relative contributions of the variables. Species responses were then compared with Ellenberg N‐values.ResultsPhosphorus was the best explanatory variable for most species. However, species occurrences were not simply explained by gradients in particular nutrients, but by combinations of different nutrients and grassland age. There was overall agreement between N‐values and species’ nutrient responses — although the occurrences of species with identical N‐values may be explained by different nutrients. Species with high and low N‐values represent more reliable nutrient indicators than intermediate‐N species, but their occurrences also reflect other factors that, as with nutrients, depend on the grassland age.ConclusionsOur results confirm that Ellenberg N provides a robust indication of the overall nutrient preferences of individual grassland species. However, in grassland sites developing on previously arable land — where nutrient availability is strongly associated with habitat age — N‐values may represent an integrated response not only to nutrients but also to other historical processes that drive grassland community assembly.
Ultrasonographic findings associated with normal pregnancy and fetal well‐being in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Ivančić Marina , Gomez Forrest M. , Musser Whitney B. , Barratclough Ashley , Meegan Jennifer M. , Waitt Sophie M. , Cárdenas Llerenas Abraham , Jensen Eric D. , Smith Cynthia R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractReproductive success is vital in sustaining free‐ranging and managed bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) populations. Ultrasonography is an invaluable, non‐invasive tool in assessing the fetomaternal unit in humans and animals, including dolphins and horses. The purpose of this prospective longitudinal cohort study was to develop a protocol for fetomaternal ultrasonographic monitoring in dolphins and to report normal measurements and descriptive findings correlated with a positive outcome. From 2010 to 2017, serial ultrasonographic evaluations of 12 healthy dolphins were performed over the course of 16 pregnancies. A total of 203 ultrasound examinations were included in the study. Several metrics were accurate in predicting fetal age. Fetal biparietal diameter (BPD), thoracic width in dorsal and transverse planes, thoracic height in a sagittal plane, aortic diameter, and blubber thickness all demonstrated high correlation with gestational age (r > 0.94, P < .00001). Regional uteroplacental thickness significantly increased with each trimester (range 0.22–0.40 cm; P < .00011 cranial uterus, P < .00057 mid, and P < .000011 caudal). Lung:liver mean pixel intensity was 2.57 ± 0.46 (95% confidence interval 2.47‐2.67). Ultrasonographic characteristics of normal pregnancy in dolphins are described and an equation for prediction of parturition date in Tursiops is reported: days to parturition = 348.16 − (26.03 × BPD(cm)) (R2 = 0.99). Future applications of these normal data will help identify in utero abnormalities indicative of fetal morbidity, and improve understanding of reproductive failure in wild and managed populations.
Middle School Students’ Perceptions of Physical Education: A Qualitative Look
Authors: Phillips Sharon R. , Marttinen Risto , Mercier Kevin , Gibbone Anne 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: Existing research suggests that students’ attitudes toward physical education are positive through Grade 5, but become less positive as grade levels increase; this research is, however, missing student voice. The purpose of this study was to further understand why students’ attitudes have been shown to decrease.Methods: Twenty-six focus group interviews (studentsN = 65) were conducted over 2 years to discover what was influencing attitudes from fifth to eighth grade.Results: Three themes emerged: (a) curriculum leads to decreases in student attitudes (subthemes repetitive and boring, an overemphasis on competition, and fitness testing activities—what’s the purpose and why am I on display?), (b) social factors impact attitude: sweating and changing, and (c) physical education assumptions, the easy “A” (subthemes: perceptions of physical education teachers and the easy “A”).Conclusion: Allowing students to explain the reasons for decreases in attitudes contributes to improving the teaching and learning process.
SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION OF POLY-β-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID IN CONNECTION WITH SPORULATION OF
BACILLUS MEGATERIUM
Authors: Slepecky Ralph A. , Law John H. 
Published: January 2020

Slepecky, Ralph
A. (Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.),
and John H. Law
. Synthesis and degradation of poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid in connection with sporulation of
Bacillus megaterium
. J. Bacteriol.
82:
37–42. 1961.—The production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate has been followed in
Bacillus megaterium
, a sporulating strain, and
B. megaterium
strain KM, a nonsporulating strain, by an improved assay procedure and by the use of C
14
-acetate.

The production of polymer in the KM strain follows the growth curve very slowly and reaches a peak at the time the cells are entering the stationary phase of growth. Slow utilization of polymer follows.
When the sporulating strain is grown under conditions favorable for polymer production, no spores are formed; polymer production and utilization follow kinetics similar to those observed with asporogenous strains.
When the sporulating strain is grown under conditions unfavorable for polymer production but favorable for sporulation, less polymer is produced and peak production occurs during the log phase of growth. Rapid utilization of the polymer precedes sporulation.
If the medium is made favorable for polymer production by the addition of glucose and acetate and vigorous aeration conditions are used, sporulation can be obtained after good polymer production and subsequent utilization.
GROWTH OF SHIGELLAE IN MONOLAYER TISSUE CULTURES
Authors: Gerber Dolores F. , Watkins H. M. S. 
Published: January 2020

Gerber, DoloresF. (University of California, Berkeley)and H. M. S. Watkins. Growth of shigellae in monolayer tissue cultures. J. Bacteriol.82:815–822. 1961.—The influence of environment on virulence, antigenicity, and antibiotic susceptibility of infectious agents is well recognized. The development of tissue culture monolayer techniques has stimulated new interest in manifestations of these attributes at the cellular level.Shigella flexneriandS. sonneiwere grown intracellularly in Henle epithelial cell monolayer tissue cultures; uptake of the bacteria was induced by 50% normal horse serum in the infection medium. Since preliminary experiments indicated that streptomycin in the extracellular fluid depressed intracellular multiplication of these organisms, the antibiotic was later omitted from the tissue culture growth fluid. Extracellular multiplication of shigellae was controlled by thorough washing of the infected monolayers and replacement with fresh medium at 2-hr intervals during incubation.Intracellular growth patterns of twoS. flexneriand twoS. sonneistrains were established. Differences in the capacity of strains to adapt to the intracellular environment was reflected in the number of organisms subsequently produced, and appeared to be associated with the degree of intracellular resistance to streptomycin. No such variation was seen in cultures grown in broth.Microscopic examination of stained monolayers showed that intracellular bacterial growth was confined to the cytoplasm, which became filled with organisms prior to cellular disintegration.Biological implications of the variable response ofShigellastrains to the intracellular environment are discussed.