bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gothic Architecture on the Western Fringe of the Empire. The Church of Our Lady in Tongeren (Belgium)
Authors: Debonne Vincent 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
By combining carbon-14 dating of mortar, rereading known written sources and both archaeological and formal analysis, the construction history of the Gothic church of Our Lady in Tongeren can be thoroughly revised. Numerous similarities with religious architecture in Lorraine, the Rhineland, and the Meuse valley reveal the architectural historical significance of Our Lady’s church on the western fringe of the Holy Roman Empire. Inside the church, differences in design are related to the separate spaces used by canons, parishioners, brotherhoods, and the urban commune of Tongeren. The elaborate Rayonnant Gothic architecture of the eastern part of the church bears witness to the prestige associated with the church’s chapter, which claimed an episcopal past.
Realismus als Katalysator. Der Genter Altar – vom Bildsystem zum Gattungssystem
Authors: Kemp Wolfgang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Ghent Alterpiece organizes twelve panels in horizontal registers in its closed, and 14 in its open state. This interpretation takes up three topics: the ordering of the individual panels in their horizontal and vertical display, the formal treatment of the two principal orders of Christian art – thematic (e.g., the Deesis) and narrative (e.g., the Annunciation) –, and the rise of new genres such as portrait, landscape, still life, and interior within the structure of the multipanel altarpiece. What can be identified as the driving force is the realistic mode. In a unique way it unites the whole – namely through acknowledging one single exterior source of light for every item – yet divides it at the same time by honoring the intrinsic qualities of particular objects and situations. This is the beginning of what Yirmiyahu Yovel has called “the adventure of immanence.”
Le Nôtre et les architectes. À propos de la répartition des rôles sur les chantiers du jardinier
Authors: Faisant Étienne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A great deal more than just a gardener, André Le Nôtre (1613–1700) undeniably had a background in architecture. It has nevertheless been noted that he regularly cooperated with architects whose role in the design of his gardens has led to different interpretations. Based upon hitherto unpublished documents, this article examines the respective roles of André Le Nôtre and Daniel Gittard in the creation of the gardens of Chantilly as well as the ones of the gardener and Louis Le Vau in the construction of the Grande Terrasse at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and reevaluates of the nature of their cooperation at Vaux-le-Vicomte.
Synthesis, crystal structure and photoluminescence of a binuclear rhenium(I) carbonyl complex incorporated in a framework of a distorted salophen ligand
Authors: Vogler Arnd , Bodensteiner Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Re(CO)5Cl reacts with salophenH2 to yield Re(I)2(salophenH)(CO)6Cl. A crystal structure determination has shown that this binuclear complex contains two Re(CO)3 fragments which are bridged by a chloride and a heavily constrained salophenH– anion as ligands. Under ambient conditions in solution and in the solid state, the complex displays an orange emission which originates from the lowest-energy IL/MLCT triplet. In solution, this phosphorescence is completely quenched by oxygen.
Pemetaan Morfologi Dasar Perairan dan Pola Arus Pasang Surut di Teluk Bungus, Kota Padang
Authors: Rahmawan Guntur Adhi , Wisha Ulung Jantama 
Published: December 2020

Teluk bungus merupakan kawasan teluk yang ada di kawasan pesisir kota Sumatra Barat. Banyak aktifitas kepelabuhanan dan perikanan pada kawasan tersebut seperti pelabuhan penyeberangan, bongkar muat ikan tuna, kapal batubara untuk PLTU, serta beberapa kegiatan pariwisata. Kegiatan tersebut menyebabkan degradasi lingkungan perairan kawasan pesisir, meningkatkan pemanfaatan lahan, menimbulkan berbagai kerusakan ekosistem dan sedimentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola arus dan morfologi dasar perairan Teluk Bungus. Survei lapangan dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat echosunder single beam dual frequency untuk merekan data batimetri dan pemodelan arus. Kedalaman perairan teluk bungus berkisar antara 0- 28 meter dan termasuk dalam kategori perairan dangkal. Perbedaan morfologi antara channel 1 maupun channel 2 berkisar antara 0,3 sd 1,5 meter tersebar di beberapa titik lokasi. Saat pasang purnama kecepatan arus berkisar antara 0 – 2,15 m/s dengan arah dominan menuju daratan, pada kondisi surut purnama kecepatan arus berkisar antara 0-2,11 m/s. Kecepatan arus saat pasang perbani berkisar antara 0-2 m/s. Pada saat surut perbani kecepatan arus menjadi sangat rendah berkisar 0-0,56 m/s dengan arah dominan menuju barat daya. Karakteristik arus yang lemah saat kondisi perbani cenderung memicu sedimentasi di dalam teluk. Gerakan bolak-balik dari arus pasang surut semidiurnal memiliki peran dalam peningkatan sedimentasi pada beberapa area di dalam teluk.
Shaker Testing with Simultaneous Control of PSD and FDS
Authors: Steinwolf Alexander 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The fatigue damage spectrum (FDS) model characterizes how the damage potential is distributed over the excitation frequency range, similarly to how the power spectral density (PSD) characterizes the distribution of the excitation level. However, reproducing the operational PSD during in-house shaker testing does not necessarily mean that the FDS would be also reproduced because some unusually distinctive peaks, higher than those in a signal generated from the PSD, occur in vibrations of automobiles and railway vehicles. Presence of these peaks in real operational vibrations and their absence in the PSD-based random testing is the reason why the shaker testing FDS obtained by the ordinary PSD control is different in shape and usually lies below the operational FDS. It is shown in this paper that the FDS shape as a function of frequency can be controlled by manipulating some of the IFFT phases instead of making all of them random. Since the phase manipulation does not affect the excitation PSD, the FDS and the PSD can be controlled simultaneously, which is demonstrated for an example of operational vibrations of an automobile. This new concept of shaker testing with the PSD+FDS control can also be used for accelerated testing when the FDS target needs to be artificially increased. It can be done without scaling up the PSD, thereby avoiding concerns about the test exaggeration factor being too high.
Clinico pathological study of lacrimal abscess with special reference to bacteriological etiology in southern part of Assam
Authors: Das Prasanna Jit , Dutta Saura Kamal , Goswami Harish , Ahmed Tanveer , Sharma Vikash 
Published: December 2020

To determine the clinico-pathological status of lacrimal abscess with special reference to bacteriological flora of lacrimal abscess in the region of Southern Assam. 50 patients of age group 15-65 years of either sex and age, presenting with lacrimal abscess from a period of January to December 2019 in Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Assam, were taken up for the study. Under aseptic and antiseptic conditions swabs were collected from lacrimal abscess and sent for microbiological analysis. In this prospective study 50 patients of lacrimal abscess were enrolled during study period. Out of the 50 samples, 40 samples yielded a positive result and out of the 40 samples, majority of micro-organisms isolated was Gram positive bacteria 60% (24) (Most frequently Staphylococcus aureus). Gram negative bacteria were encountered from 16 samples (most commonly E. coli).In our study we have found that the most common causative organism of lacrimal abscess was Staphylococcus aureus but in patients with previous history of mucopurulent discharge the Gram-negative bacteria were potential pathogens. The study of the bacteriology of the disease helps significantly in the choice of specific antimicrobial agents in particular demographic trend.
Study on China's Agricultural Trade in the Context of Belt and Road
Authors: Zeng Meiling 
Published: December 2020

<p>At present, the strategy of “One Belt and One Road” can promote the development of China’s foreign trade of agricultural products, for agriculture’s “going out” has created favorable conditions. From the current situation of China’s agricultural trade, this strategy has an important impact on a series of problems existing in China’s agricultural export trade, such as high export risk, imperfect trade circulation system, single export structure and foreign trade mode of agricultural products. At the same time, it also helps to realize the diversification of China’s imports. Therefore, under the background of the implementation of “One Belt and One Road” strategy, in order to promote the “going out” of China’s agricultural products, China should reduce the export risk of agricultural product, improve the trade circulation system and optimize the export structure and foreign trade mode of agricultural products.</p>
Why Tariff and Trade War?
Authors: Song Jingyu 
Published: December 2020

<p>By see the tariffs and trade wars in different time periods, each countries’ aim to start the trade war and tariff are protecting themselves. Analyzing and comparing the tariff acts in the colonial and antebellum period, the trade conflicts between the United States and Japan in the 1980s, and 2019’s China-United States trade war, we can see how tariffs work the same but also different in different time periods. </p>
The Link between International Trade and China’s Economic Cycle
Authors: Huang Yiming 
Published: December 2020

<p> In the new era of the 21st century, with the vigorous development of human society, economy, and science and technology, the relationship between countries gradually tends to communicate and coexist. At present, countries all over the world have more frequent exchanges in the fields of economy, culture, politics and education. Globalization has been a new development trend of the international society, and international trade has become a key content of global resources, science and technology and cultural exchanges. At present, in the international community, globalization is not only reflected in the global economy, but also in all aspects of the regional economy. The important feature and outstanding essence of the development of international trade is the common development and mutual complement of regional economy and global economy. With the rapid development of Internet technology, the interaction between countries has become more frequent and convenient, and the orderly development of international trade has sufficient hardware support. In the current social environment, it is of practical significance to analyze and explain the relationship between international economic trade and China’s economic cycle fluctuations. Experimental research results show that since my country implemented the strategic policy of reform and opening up, my country has always developed economic development channels based on the idea of cooperating with multiple parties. Although in the international trade environment, there are many risks, but our country is moving forward under the guidance of the ideological policy of cooperation with multiple parties. It can be said that the impact of international trade on domestic economic cycle fluctuations has both positive and negative effects. It is necessary to establish a development strategy that conforms to the development of my country’s economic cycle through the study of objective conditions and actual conditions.</p>
Tropical modulation of East Asia air pollution
Authors: Jung Myung-Il , Son Seok-Woo , Kim Hyemi , Chen Deliang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Given the high population density and serious air pollution problems, understanding and predicting air pollution in East Asia are of great importance. Here, we show that the day-to-day variability of East Asia air pollution in winter is remotely controlled by the convection over the tropical Indian Ocean and western Pacific, the so-called Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), through its extratropical teleconnections. In particular, the concentration of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 micron (PM10) becomes significantly high when the tropical convection is suppressed over the Indian Ocean (MJO phases 5–6). In contrast, PM10 concentration becomes significantly low when the convection is enhanced there (MJO phase 1–2). The station-averaged PM10 difference between the two MJO phases reaches up to 47% of the daily PM10 variability, indicating that the MJO is a primary source of wintertime subseasonal variability of East Asia PM10 concentration. We also show that PM10 anomaly typically lags the tropical convection by one to two weeks. This opens a new window of opportunity for subseasonal PM10 prediction in East Asia.
Drug susceptibility and molecular epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection in ICU patients in Shanghai, China
Authors: Xiao Shuzhen , Chen Tianchi , Wang Hairu , Chen Qing , Gu Feifei , Yang Zhitao , Han Lizhong , Chen Erzhen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are always associated with increased cost, prolonged hospitalization and higher mortality, especially for patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Klebsiella pneumoniae is recognized as the major cause of bacteremia around the world and resistant to most clinically significant antibiotics. This retrospective study focused on drug susceptibility and molecular epidemiology of K. pneumoniae isolated from ICU patients with BSI in Shanghai, China.Methods Consecutive K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from ICU patients with bacteremia in Shanghai from January 2016 to December 2019. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and primary screening test for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase production were conducted by broth microdilution method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect antimicrobial resistance genes and to confirm carbapenemase production. We also conducted multilocus sequence typing (MLST), of which the result was analyzed by GoeBURST.Results A total of 78 K. pneumoniae isolates were enrolled. K. pneumoniae isolated from ICU bloodstream infections (ICU-BSIs) were highly resistant to almost all clinically common antibiotics, except for colistin (11.5%) and tigecycline (23.0%). ESBL-producing and carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae accounted for 74.4% and 71.7%, respectively. The most frequently found genotype in ESBL producers was blaCTX−M−14 (44/58, 75.9%), followed by blaCTX−M−15 (15/58, 25.9%) and blaCTX−M−55 (8/58, 13.8%). KPC is the only enzyme generated by carbapenemase producers and all KPC enzymes were encoded by blaKPC−2. The most principal ST was ST11 (50/78, 64.1%), followed by ST15 (7/78, 9.0%) and ST23 (3/78, 3.8%). Two newfound sequence types were identified in our study.Conclusions This study is the first to demonstrate the antibiotic resistance phenotype and molecular epidemiology of K. pneumoniae isolated from ICU patients with bloodstream infections in Shanghai. It is noteworthy that ICU-BSI K. pneumoniae is characteristic of high resistance rate. According to the consequence of resistance gene detection and MLST analysis, the prevalence of KPC-2 enzyme may result from nosocomial clonal dissemination of ST11 K. pneumoniae.
Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Berberine Nanomicelle for Improvement of Cerebral Ischemia: Formulation, Characterization and Evaluation in Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion Rat Model
Authors: Azadi Roza , Mousavi Seyyedeh Elaheh , Kazemi Negar Motakef , Yousefi-Manesh Hasan , Rezayat Seyed Mahdi , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Backgraound: Berberine (BBR) is a plant alkaloid which possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects with low oral bioavailability. In this study, micelle formulation of BBR was investigated in order to improve therapeutic efficacy and examined its effect on secretion of inflammatory cytokines in cerebral ischemia in animal model. Material and Methods: Nano formulation was prepared by thin film hydration method, and characterized by particle size, zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficacy and drug release in Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF) and Simulated Intestine Fluid (SIF). Then, rats were pretreated with drug (100 mg/kg) and nano drug (25, 50, 75, 100 mg/kg) for 14 days. Stroke induction was accomplished by Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (BCCAO), TNF-α, IL-1ß, and MDA levels were measured in the brain and the anti-inflammatory effect of BBR formulations were examined. Result and discussion: Micelles were successfully formed with appropriate characteristics and smaller sizes than 20 nm. The PDI, zeta potential, encapsulation efficacy of micelles were 0.227, -22 mV, 81%, respectively. Also, the stability of nano micelles was higher in SGF as compared to SIF. Conclusion: Our clinical data show that treated groups in different doses (nano BBR 100, 75, 50 mg/kg, and BBR 100 mg/kg) successfully showed decreased levels of the inflammatory factors in cerebral ischemia compared with stroke group and treated group with nano BBR in dose of 25 mg/kg. Nano BBR formulation with lower dose can be a better candidate than conventional BBR formulation to reduce oxidative and inflammatory factors in cerebral ischemia.
Isolation, Structure Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Two Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Lenzites betulina
Authors: Dai Hongwei , Ma Jiayu , Wang Junmin , Hua Yan , Guo Lei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Fungal polysaccharides belong to a very important class of biological macromolecules in nature, and have complex monosaccharide composition and structure. These studies on structure and biological activity of fungal polysaccharides have become one of the research hotspots of scholars at home and abroad. Results: This study was performed in order to understand the structural characteristics and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Lenzites betulina (LBPs). The LBPs were deproteinized using sevag method, and further purified by DEAE cellulose-52 column and Sephadex G-100 column chromatographies, then the two refined polysaccharides were obtained and named LBPs-5 and LBPs-6. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) showed that LBPs-5 and LBPs-6 are typical β-pyranose with characteristic peaks of polysaccharides. The molecular weight of the two water-soluble were estimated to be 3.235×103 Da and 6.196×103 Da by HPGPC, respectively. HPLC with PMP derivatization analysis indicated that the monosaccharide compositions of LBPs-5 were mannose, glucuronic acid, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 0.05:0.15:0.76:0.04. The monosaccharide compositions of LBPs-6 were mannose, glucuronic acid, and glucose, in a molar ratio of 0.04:0.17:0.79. Furthermore, the two water-soluble polysaccharides demonstrated strong scavenging effects on DPPH·, ABTS.+, ·OH and weak total reducing power, especially LBPs-6 was significantly stronger in scavenging rate than that of LBPs-5. Conclusions: The outcome of the study indicated that LBPs had good potential as medicine and food.
Analysis of DNA mobility and gene electrotransfer in 3D in vitro collagen gel model
Authors: Meglič Saša Haberl , Pavlin Mojca 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Gene electrotransfer is an established method that enables transfer of DNA into cells with electric pulses. Several studies analyzed different parameters; however the question of the mechanisms involved in gene electrotransfer remains open. One of main obstacles toward efficient gene electrotransfer in vivo is relatively poor DNA mobility in tissues.Objective and method: In order to analyze the effect of impaired mobility on gene electrotransfer efficiency, we applied electric pulses with different durations on plated cells, cells grown on collagen layer and cells embedded in collagen gel (3D model) and compared gene electrotransfer efficiency and viability of cells.Results: We obtained the highest transfection of plated cells, while transfection efficiency of embedded cells in 3D model was lowest and similar as in in vivo. To further analyze poor DNA mobility in 3D model, we applied DNA in top of or injected it into 3D model and showed that former way increases gene electrotransfer efficiency as was shown in in vivo studies.Conclusion: We reported empirically and theoretically evidence that DNA has impaired mobility and diffusion in collagen environment. In addition our method provides resembling in vivo situation, where gene electrotransfer mechanisms can be studied.
Cost of Community-Led Larval Source Management and House Improvement for Malaria Control: A Cost Analysis Within A Cluster-Randomised Trial in A Rural District in Malawi
Authors: Phiri Mphatso Dennis , McCann Robert Sean , Kabaghe Alinune Nathanael , Berg Henk van den , Malenga Tumaini , Gowelo Steven , Tizifa Tinashe , Takken Willem , Vugt Michèle van , Phiri Kamija Samuel , Terlouw Dianne Janette , Worrall Eve 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: House improvement (HI) to prevent mosquito house entry, and larval source management (LSM) targeting aquatic mosquito stages to prevent development into adult forms, are promising complementary interventions to current malaria vector control strategies. Lack of evidence on costs and cost-effectiveness of community-led implementation of HI and LSM has hindered wide scale adoption. This study presents an incremental cost analysis of community-led implementation of HI and LSM, in a factorial design trial, in addition to standard national malaria control interventions in Chikwawa district, southern Malawi.Methods: In the trial, LSM comprised draining, filling, and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis larvicide application, while HI involved closing of eaves and gaps on walls, and screening windows and ventilation spaces with wire mesh. Communities implemented all interventions. Costs were estimated retrospectively using the ‘ingredients approach’, combining both ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down approaches’, from the societal perspective. To estimate the cost of independently implementing each intervention arm, resources shared between trial arms (e.g. overheads) were allocated to each consuming arm using proxies developed based on share of resource input quantities consumed. Incremental implementation costs (in 2017 US$) are presented for HI only, LSM only and HI+LSM arms. In sensitivity analyses, the effect of varying costs of important inputs on estimated costs was explored. Results: The total economic program costs of community-led HI and LSM implementation was $626,152. Economic implementation costs of HI, LSM and HI+LSM were estimated as $27.04, $25.06 and $33.44, per person per year, respectively. Staff, transport and labour costs, but not larvicide or screening material, were the major cost drivers across all interventions. Estimated costs were sensitive to changes in staff costs and population covered. Conclusions: In the context of the trial, the economic costs of community-led HI and LSM implementation were high compared to conventional vector control interventions. Several factors, including the year-round implementation of LSM and low human population density could explain the high costs. The factorial trial design necessitated use of proxies to allocate costs shared between trial arms, which may limit generalisability of estimated costs where different designs are used. Nevertheless, costs may inform planners of future similar intervention packages. Trial registration: Not applicable. The original trial was registered with The Pan African Clinical Trials Registry on 3 March 2016, trial number PACTR201604001501493.