bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sustainability of the Turkish current account: Smooth structural break and asymmetric adjustments
Authors: Abioglu Vasif , Koc Suleyman , Bakirtas Ibrahim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the sustainability of Turkish current account to GDP ratio in the long run by testing the null hypothesis of a unit root against the alternative of the smooth structural break with sign and/or size nonlinearity. Using nonlinear unit root tests, we find strong evidence in favour of the sustainability of Turkish current account deficit after taking into account both the smooth structural break and asymmetric speed of adjustment towards mean values. The core of our conclusion is twofold: first, we find that current account deficit is sustainable for Turkey in the analysed period; and second, sustainable current account deficit increased to around 5% of GDP in Turkey after the smooth structural break. Our results point out that current account deficits about 5% of GDP are sustainable if current account deficits permit greater FDI inflows and long‐term external borrowings that much more oriented towards productive activities in the economy. However, if domestic investments are mainly financed by short‐term external borrowings, then running current account deficits around 5% of GDP in the long run may generate inherent problems.
Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Dysmotility in Critically Ill Burn Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Sierp Emma Louise , Kurmis Rochelle , Lange Kylie , Yandell Rosalie , Chapman Marianne , Greenwood John , Chapple Lee‐anne S 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility impedes nutrient delivery in critically ill patients with major burns. We aimed to quantify the incidence, timing, and factors associated with GI dysmotility and subsequent nutrition delivery.MethodsA 10‐year retrospective observational study included mechanically ventilated, adult, critically ill patients with ≥15% total body surface area (TBSA) burns receiving nutrition support. Patients with a single gastric residual volume ≥250 mL were categorized as having GI dysmotility. Daily medical and nutrition data were extracted for ≤14 days in the intensive care unit (ICU). Data are mean (SD) or median (interquartile range). Factors associated with GI dysmotility and the effect on nutrition and clinical outcomes were assessed.ResultsFifty‐nine patients were eligible; 51% (n = 30) with GI dysmotility and 49% (n = 29) without. Baseline characteristics (dysmotility vs no dysmotility) were age (48 [33–60] vs 34 [26–46] years); Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (16 [12–17] vs 13 [10–16]); sex ([men] 80% vs 86%); and TBSA (49% [35%–59%] vs 38% [26%–55%]). Older age was associated with increased probability of dysmotility (P = .049). GI dysmotility occurred 32 (19–63) hours after ICU admission but was not associated with reduced nutrient delivery. Postpyloric tube insertions were attempted in 83% (n = 25) of patients, with 72% (n = 18) being successful. Postpyloric feeding achieved higher nutrition adequacy than gastric feeding (energy: 82% [95% CI, 70–94] vs 68% [95% CI, 63–74], P = .036; protein: 75% [95% CI, 65–86] vs 61% [95% CI, 56–65], P = .009).ConclusionGI dysmotility occurs early in critically ill burn patients, and postpyloric feeding improves nutrition delivery.
Development of molecular markers to distinguish between morphologically similar edible plants and poisonous plants using a real‐time PCR assay
Authors: Kim Geum Sol , Oh Su Hong , Jang Cheol Seong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs a result of similar appearances between edible and poisonous plants, 42 patients have ingested poisonous plants from 2013 to 2017 in Korea. We have developed species‐specific primer sets of three of edible and poisonous plants sets (Ligularia fischeri & Caltha palustris, Artemisia annua & Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Hemerocallis fulva & Veratrum maackii) for distinguishing both plants using a real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay.RESULTSThe efficiencies of the developed primer sets ranged from 87.8% to 102.0%. The developed primer sets have significant correlation coefficient values between the Ct values and the log DNA concentration for their target species (r2 > 0.99). The cut‐off lines as the crossing point values of the limit of quantitation of the target species were determined, and all non‐target species were amplified later than the cut‐off cycles. Then, the effectiveness of the developed primer sets was evaluated using commercial food products and digested samples with simulated gastric juice.CONCLUSIONAll of the developed species‐specific primer sets were able to detect target DNA successfully in commercial food products and the digested samples. Therefore, the developed species‐specific primer sets in the present study would be useful tools for distinguishing between poisonous plants and edible plants. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Physicochemical studies of nanocrystals of starches from two rice (Oryza sativa L.) types and their characteristics using various modern instrument techniques
Authors: Xiong Xiong , Huang Min , Zhou Xiaolan , Zhou Hui , Zeng Chaoxi , Zhao Zhengtao , Xiao Qian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDStarch nanocrystals have received considerable attention, due to their biodegradability, nontoxicity and renewable and abundant sources. The objective of this research is to compare the morphology, physicochemical characteristics and rheological properties of native (NSNC) and waxy rice starch nanocrystals (WSNC).RESULTSBoth NSNC and WSNC exhibited a platelet‐like shape, and they tended to show square‐like platelet morphology with increasing initial amylopectin content. Compared to native starches, three weight loss stages of NSNC and WSNC in thermogravimetric analysis curves were observed, while the thermal depolymerization of NSNC started earlier than that of WSNC. The relative crystallinity of NSNC and WSNC was 38.6% and 48.3%, respectively, which were markedly higher than that of native starches. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed that NSNC presented the highest ratio of 1045/1014 cm−1 bands among the tested samples, which was probably due to the re‐association of retrograded amylose to double‐helices structure in NSNC. Moreover, the introduction of sulfur atoms on the surface of NSNC and WSNC was confirmed from the results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. At 5% (w/v) and 10% (w/v) concentration levels, all SNC suspensions exhibited a shear‐thinning behavior as the shear rate increased from 0.1 to 100 s−1.CONCLUSIONSStarch nanocrystals obtained from native and waxy rice starch can be potentially used as reinforcement in biodegradable nanocomposites for packaging, fat replacers, thickening agents and emulsion stabilizers. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of Insurance Status and Demographic Factors on Outcomes Following Tracheostomy
Authors: Bahethi Rohini , Park Christopher , Yang Anthony , Gray Mingyang , Wong Kevin , Iloreta Alfred , Courey Mark 
Published: August 2020

Objectives/HypothesisLittle data exists regarding the relationship between socioeconomic and demographic factors and tracheostomy outcomes. The goal of this study was to determine associations between socioeconomic status (SES), demographic factors, and insurance status with hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, and mortality following tracheostomy.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent tracheostomy at an urban tertiary‐care academic hospital from 2016 to 2017 was performed. Patients were aggregated into low‐, middle‐, and high‐income brackets. Other variables included age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Outcomes included hospital and ICU LOS, in‐hospital mortality, and 30‐day mortality following tracheostomy. Outcomes were compared using Kruskal‐Wallis tests for continuous variables and χ2 or Fisher exact tests for categorical variables. The α level was set to .05.ResultsIn total, 523 patients were included in the study. Patients from high‐income areas were more likely to be male (P < .01), white (P < .01), and had lower body mass index (P = .04). On multiple regression analysis, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity was associated with an increased odds of 30‐day mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 4.43, P = .020). CCI was also associated with increased odds of 30‐day mortality (OR: 1.12, P = .039).ConclusionsLower SES was not associated with increased morbidity or mortality after tracheostomy. Although Hispanic patients tended to have a lower CCI score, they had increased 30‐day mortality, suggesting there are factors specific to this population that may influence outcomes, and future targeted studies are warranted to study these relationships.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1463–1467, 2021
Reconfigurable Soft Actuators with Multiple‐Stimuli Responses
Authors: Zhao Tonghui , Dou Wenchao , Hu Zhiming , Hou Wenhao , Sun Yirui , Lv Jiu‐an 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMultiple‐stimuli responsive soft actuators with tunable initial shapes would have substantial potential in broad technological applications, ranging from advanced sensors, smart robots to biomedical devices. However, existing soft actuators are often limited to single initial shape and are unable to reversibly reconfigure into desirable shapes, which severely restricts the multifunctions that can be integrated into one actuator. Here, a novel reconfigurable supramolecular polymer/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bilayer actuator exhibiting multiple‐stimuli responses is presented. In this bilayer actuator, the supramolecular polymer layer constructed of poly(5‐Norbornene‐2‐carboxylic acid‐1,3‐cyclooctadiene) (PNCCO) and azopyridine derivative (PyAzoPy) via H‐bonds provides multiple‐stimuli responses: PyAzoPy offers light response and carboxylic groups in PNCCO endow the actuator with humidity response. Meanwhile thermoplastic PET layer enables the bilayer actuators to be reconfigured into various shapes by thermal stimuli. The rationally designed actuators exhibit versatile capabilities to reversibly reconfigure into a set of initial shapes and carry out multiple functions, such as photo‐driven “foldback‐clip” and Ω‐shaped crawling robots. In addition, bio‐inspired plants constructed by reconfiguration of such actuators demonstrate reversible multiple‐stimuli responses. It is anticipated that these novel actuators with highly tunable geometries and actuation modes would be useful to develop multifunctional devices capable of performing diverse tasks.
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase moonlighting activity as a DNA chelating agent
Authors: Dayan Avraham , Yeheskel Adva , Lamed Raphael , Fleminger Gideon , Ashur‐Fabian Osnat 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH) is a mitochondrial enzyme that comprises an essential component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Lines of evidence have shown that many dehydrogenases possess unrelated actions known as moonlightings in addition to their oxidoreductase activity. As part of these activities, we have demonstrated that DLDH binds TiO2 as well as produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). This ROS production capability was harnessed for cancer therapy via integrin‐mediated drug‐delivery of RGD‐modified DLDH (DLDHRGD), leading to apoptotic cell death. In these experiments, DLDHRGD not only accumulated in the cytosol but also migrated to the cell nuclei, suggesting a potential DNA‐binding capability of this enzyme. To explore this interaction under cell‐free conditions, we have analyzed DLDH binding to phage lambda (λ) DNA by gel‐shift assays and analytic ultracentrifugation, showing complex formation between the two, which led to full coverage of the DNA molecule with DLDH molecules. DNA binding did not affect DLDH enzymatic activity, indicating that there are neither conformational changes nor active site hindering in DLDH upon DNA‐binding. A Docking algorithm for prediction of protein‐DNA complexes, Paradoc, identified a putative DNA binding site at the C‐terminus of DLDH. Our finding that TiO2‐bound DLDH failed to form a complex with DNA suggests partial overlapping between the two sites. To conclude, DLDH binding to DNA presents a novel moonlight activity which may be used for DNA alkylating in cancer treatment.
Atomic structure of Co92−xBxTa8 glassy alloys studied by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Ma Di , Zhang Jing , Di Yaxin , Wang Jianfeng , Guan Shaokang , Zhang Tao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe ab initio molecular dynamics simulations were adopted to study the atomic structures of Co92−xBxTa8 (x = 30, 32.5, 35, 37.5, at%) glassy alloys. The results showed that the local packing of B‐centered clusters was more efficient than that of Co‐ and Ta‐centered clusters. It was also found that B‐centered clusters were the primary structure‐forming clusters. The Kasper polyhedra with a Voronoi index of <0 3 6 0> and <0 2 8 0> are dominant in B‐centered clusters. The <0 3 6 0> clusters could especially be formed into a robust network structure, which plays a key role in the increase of mechanical properties. Such a network structure has a higher activation barrier for structural rearrangement and a larger resistance to plastic flow. Thus, the increase in the fraction of <0 3 6 0> with B content would result in an increase in yield strength, as well as a sharp decrease in compressive plasticity.
Model‐free adaptive control for a class of nonlinear systems with uniform quantizer
Authors: Bu Xuhui , Zhu Panpan , Yu Qiongxia , Hou Zhongsheng , Liang Jiaqi 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe problem of model‐free adaptive control (MFAC) design for a class of nonlinear systems with data quantization is considered in this article. Consider the case that the system output signal should be quantized before being transmitted to the controller. A MFAC algorithm with uniform quantizer is first proposed. As a result, the proposed MFAC algorithm cannot obtain a zero‐tracking error because of the reduction of available information due to data quantization. To suppress the influence of data quantization, an improved MFAC algorithm with encoding and decoding mechanism is proposed. The improved design first encodes the system information and then transmits it through the network. Then, the controller receives the information and then decodes it to construct the MFAC algorithm. Theoretical result shows that the improved MFAC algorithm with encoding and decoding mechanism can obtain the aim of zero‐tracking error. Finally, there have two examples to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the quantized MFAC algorithm design.
Anisotropy of subsoil pore characteristics and hydraulic conductivity as affected by compaction and cover crop treatments
Authors: Pulido‐Moncada Mansonia , Labouriau Rodrigo , Kesser Merek , Zanini Pedro Paulo Gonçalves , Guimarães Rachel Muylaert Locks , Munkholm Lars J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe natural and cover crop (CC)‐induced anisotropy of subsoil pore characteristics is important in assessments of soil compaction but, until recently, has received limited attention. This study aims to quantify the anisotropy of soil pore characteristics and hydraulic conductivity in subsoils subjected to compaction and CC treatments in a split‐plot field experiment on temperate sandy loam soils. The main factor was ±compaction and the split‐plot factor was ±CC with fodder radish (Raphanus sativus L.). The compacted plots were heavily trafficked for 4 yr (2010–2013). After 4 yr under CC (2013–2016), core samples were collected at 0.3 m. The samples were taken vertically and horizontally to quantify the anisotropy of air‐filled porosity (εa) and air permeability (ka), saturated hydraulic conductivity (ksat), and bulk density (ρb). The results showed isotropic behavior for ρb and εa and significant anisotropic behavior (p < .05) for ka, pore geometry index (PO1) (ka/εa), ratio of non‐Darcian to Darcian ka (R‐ratio), and ksat. For parameters with significant anisotropy, higher values occurred vertically than horizontally for all compaction –CC combinations, except for R‐ratio. This indicates that pre‐existing vertical continuous pores dominated the pore system in the control subsoil. A nonsignificant trend of higher values of ka, PO1, and ksat in the +CC than in the compacted –CC plots suggest that CC could contribute to the formation of vertical biopores. Including an autumn CC in rotation with a summer cereal crop for a longer period may significantly affect the anisotropy of the soil pore and hydraulic properties.
Künstliche Intelligenz in der Plastischen Chirurgie
Authors: Moellhoff N. , Giunta Riccardo E. 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) ist durch die Instrumentalisierung von Maschinen und Robotik in der Industrie, durch das autonome Fahren und die rasante Entwicklung computerbasierter Systeme längst Bestandteil unseres täglichen Lebens.

Fragestellung
Darstellung aktueller Entwicklungen und Perspektiven von KI in der Plastischen Chirurgie.

Material und Methoden
Auswertung von Statistiken, Evaluation von Originalarbeiten und Übersichtsarbeiten aus Fachzeitschriften.

Ergebnisse
Im Gesundheitswesen und in der Plastischen Chirurgie wird KI im klinischen Alltag im Rahmen der Datenauswertung digitaler Patientenakten oder der Big Data aus zentralen Registern verwendet. 3‑D-Bildgebungssysteme mit intelligenter Software können Operationsergebnisse im Hinblick auf Volumen und Ästhetik beurteilen. Intelligente Roboter unterstützen die mikrochirurgische Anastomosierung immer kleinerer Gefäße und die Implementation von KI im Bereich der Prothetik ermöglicht Patienten eine immer bessere Handfunktion nach Amputationsverletzungen.

Diskussion
Im Sinne der Patienten liegt es in der Verantwortung der experimentellen Chirurgie, die Chancen, Risiken und auch Grenzen von KI-Anwendungen zu erforschen.
Half-Space Stationary Kardar–Parisi–Zhang Equation
Authors: Barraquand Guillaume , Krajenbrink Alexandre , Le Doussal Pierre 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study the solution of the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) equation for the stochastic growth of an interface of heighth(x, t) on the positive half line, equivalently the free energy of the continuum directed polymer in a half space with a wall at$$x=0$$x=0. The boundary condition$$\partial _x h(x,t)|_{x=0}=A$$∂xh(x,t)|x=0=Acorresponds to an attractive wall for$$A<0$$A<0, and leads to the binding of the polymer to the wall below the critical value$$A=-1/2$$A=-1/2. Here we choose the initial conditionh(x, 0) to be a Brownian motion in$$x>0$$x>0with drift$$-(B+1/2)$$-(B+1/2). When$$A+B \rightarrow -1$$A+B→-1, the solution is stationary, i.e.$$h(\cdot ,t)$$h(·,t)remains at all times a Brownian motion with the same drift, up to a global height shifth(0, t). We show that the distribution of this height shift is invariant under the exchange of parametersAandB. For any$$A,B > - 1/2$$A,B>-1/2, we provide an exact formula characterizing the distribution ofh(0, t) at any timet, using two methods: the replica Bethe ansatz and a discretization called the log-gamma polymer, for which moment formulae were obtained. We analyze its large time asymptotics for various ranges of parametersA, B. In particular, when$$(A, B) \rightarrow (-1/2, -1/2)$$(A,B)→(-1/2,-1/2), the critical stationary case, the fluctuations of the interface are governed by a universal distribution akin to the Baik–Rains distribution arising in stationary growth on the full-line. It can be expressed in terms of a simple Fredholm determinant, or equivalently in terms of the Painlevé II transcendent. This provides an analog for the KPZ equation, of some of the results recently obtained by Betea–Ferrari–Occelli in the context of stationary half-space last-passage-percolation. From universality, we expect that limiting distributions found in both models can be shown to coincide.
Seismic Risk Assessment of the Railway Network of China’s Mainland
Authors: Zhu Weihua , Liu Kai , Wang Ming , Koks Elco E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEarthquakes pose a great risk to railway systems and services around the world. In China alone, earthquakes caused 88 rail service disruptions between 2012 and 2019. Here, we present a first-of-its-kind methodology to analyze the seismic risk of a railway system using an empirically derived train service fragility curve. We demonstrate our methodology using the Chinese railway system. In doing so, we generate a set of stochastic earthquake scenarios for China based on a national-scale seismicity model. Using disruption records, we construct an empirically grounded fragility curve that relates the failure probability of train services to peak ground acceleration. By combining the simulated earthquakes, the fragility curve, and empirical train flow data from 2016, we quantitatively assess the seismic impact and the risk faced by the Chinese railway system. The maximum train trip loss could reach 2400 trips in response to a single seismic event, accounting for 34% of the national daily train trips. Due to the spatially uneven daily train flow and seismicity distribution, the seismic impact on the railway system in different seismic zones is highly heterogeneous and does not always increase when the hazard intensity increases. More specifically, the results show that the railway lines located in the Qinghai-Tibet and Xinjiang seismic zones exhibit the highest risk. The generated impact curves and the risk map provide a basis for railway planning and risk management decisions.
HIGH-PRECISION BAYESIAN CHRONOLOGICAL MODELING ON A CALIBRATION PLATEAU: THE NIEDERTIEFENBACH GALLERY GRAVE
Authors: Meadows John , Rinne Christoph , Immel Alexander , Fuchs Katharina , Krause-Kyora Ben , Drummer Clara 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTWe combine the results of a radiocarbon (14C) dating program with archaeogenetic, osteological and sparse stratigraphic data, to construct a Bayesian chronological model for a multi-generational sequence situated entirely on a plateau in the 14C calibration curve. Calibrated dates of individual human bones from the Late Neolithic gallery grave at Niedertiefenbach, Hesse, Germany, span the entire calibration plateau in the late 4th millennium (ca. 3350–3100/3000 cal BC), but our model restricts the overall period of burial to 3–6 generations centered on the later 3200s, and provides narrower absolute date ranges for specific individuals and associated events. We confirm the accuracy and robustness of this model by sensitivity tests of each of its components. Beyond providing a more dynamic narrative for the formation of the heterogenous burial population at Niedertiefenbach, our results show that calibration plateaus are suitable periods for Bayesian chronological modeling of even relatively brief sequences, provided that all the information employed is correct. Prior information constraining both the order of events, and of potential date differences between them, is essential for the model to give accurate, unimodal estimates of the dates of these events.