bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periods of trilateral relations between Mongolia, Russia, China and their features
Authors: Natsagdorj Ariungua 
Published: February 2020

After the end of the Cold War, as a result of changes in the political and economic situation, with the new formation of internal and external tasks of Mongolia, Russia, China, as well as a result of fundamental changes in the international arena, relations between the three countries underwent considerable changes. Although bilateral relations prevail in the relations of the three countries, however, the fact of the existence of a third party has always been taken into account, which is explained by the fact that our countries belong to one geopolitical environment. The author of the article tries to trace the geopolitical relationship between the three countries and addresses the issue of the importance of its influence on bilateral relations, as well as on the formation of formats of triangular relations.
Хүйтэн дайны дараах Монгол, Хятад, Оросын гурван талт харилцааны үе шат ба онцлог
Хураангуй: Хүйтэн дайны үе дуусгавар болсноор Монгол, Орос, Хятад гурван улсын хоорондын харилцаанд тэдгээрийн улс төр, эдийн засгийн нөхцөл байдал, дотоод, гадаад хөгжлийн зорилт, олон улсын харилцааны өрнөл, чиг хандлага зэргээс хамааран багагүй өөрчлөлт гарсан бөгөөд энэхүү харилцааг тодорхой хэмжээгээр үечлэн судлах нь чухал болж байна. Чингэх нь гурван орны хамтын ажиллагааны хөгжил, энэхүү харилцааны үр өгөөж, нөөц бололцоо, тулгамдсан асуудлуудыг олж харахад ач холбогдолтой юм. Хүйтэн дайны дараах гурван улсын харилцаа нь хоёр талт харилцаагаар тодорхойлогдож байсан ч хоорондын харилцаанд тус бүрийн хүчин зүйл чухал үүрэг гүйцэтгэсээр байгаа нь гурван улс геополитикийн нэг орон зайд багтдагтай шууд хамааралтай болно. Зохиогч гурван орны геополитикийн харилцан хамаарал эдгээр орнуудын хоорондын хоёр талт харилцаанд хэрхэн нөлөөлж буй асуудлыг хөндөн гурван талт харилцааны хэлбэр бий болоход ямар учир холбогдолтой болохыг харуулахыг зорьжээ.
Түлхүүр үг: Хүйтэн дайны дараах Монгол, Орос, Хятад гурван улсын харилцаа, ашиг сонирхлын нэгдэл, хүлээлт
Emancipación y vivienda:una identidad con tres componentes
Authors: Raya Vílchez José Maria 
Published: February 2020

La mezcla de una cultura propietaria, un mercado de alquiler escaso y elevados
precios de la vivienda conduce a un retraso en la emancipación de los jóvenes en la sociedad
española, como se pone de manifiesto a lo largo del informe del Consejo Económico y Social
del año 2002. Adicionalmente, este fenómeno puede afectar a los patrones de estado civil y
natalidad de una sociedad así como a su mercado de trabajo. Centrándonos en el problema de
la emancipación, ésta muy influenciada por las restricciones que impone el mercado de la
vivienda.
The mixture of an ownership culture, a limited rental market and high housing prices all leads towards a delay in the emancipation of young people in Spanish society, as highlighted by the 2002 report of the Economic and Social Council. In addition, this phenomenon can affect the patterns of civil status and the birth rate of a society, as well as its labour market. Centring upon the problem of emancipation, this is very much influenced by the restrictions imposed by the housing market.
La interacció d’una cultura propietària, un mercat de lloguer escàs i elevats preus de l’habitatge produeix un retard en la emancipació dels joves en la societat espanyola, com es posa manifest al informe del Consell Econòmic i Social de l’any 2002. Addicionalment, aquest fenomen pot afectar els patrons d’estat civil i natalitat d’una societat així com llur mercat de treball. Centrant-nos en el problema de l’emancipació, molt influenciada per les restriccions que imposa el mercat de l’habitatge.
Expression of anger in university students according to perceived quality of sleep
Authors: Arbinaga Félix , Joaquin-Mingorance Miriam , Fernández-Cuenca Soledad 
Published: February 2020

Objective We analyzed the expression of anger according to the perceived quality of sleep in university students.
Methods A total sample of 1252 students participated in the study, with an average age of 23.58 years. Using an ex-post facto design and an incidental sampling procedure, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 were applied.
Results Students with poor sleep quality (PSQI scores> 5) scored higher on the subscales of STAXI-2, showing higher risk of obtaining superior values in Trait Anxiety [OR=1.90] and in the Index of Expression of Anger [OR=1.56], but not in Internal Control of Anger.
Conclusions There appears to be a marked relationship between quality of sleep and anger, and it is suggested that sleep hygiene programs can help to reduce the negative consequences of poor sleep quality in terms of health and academic performance in students.
An Overview of the Current Trends on the Use of Gamification in Higher Ed Engagement and Recruitment
Authors: Johnson Christopher P. , Goncalves Patrick R. 
Published: February 2020

Gamification is defined as: the process of adding games or game-like elements to something (such as a task) so as to encourage participation. There are many examples of gamification in higher education; games have been shown to motivate students to engage more with their study tasks. Even though the use of gamification (as an engagement and recruitment strategy in higher ed) has been utilized since 1999 (Fairmont State), only a select few universities have leveraged gamification as a tool for engagement and recruitment over the last 18 years. The strategy overall has not garnered much research but since gaming culture is now more ubiquitous than ever (67 percent of American households own a device used to play video games) it is inevitable that more gamified-based recruitment strategies will start to take shape in the near future.
Referral Marketing in Online Higher Education: a Holistic Snapshot of Strategic Initiatives, Effectiveness and Opportunities in a leading International Organization
Authors: Boros Elise , Papasava Angeliki 
Published: February 2020

Referral Marketing (RM) has only recently sparked the interest of marketers in the online higher education (OE) sector, with distinct gaps identified in the literature. This concept is closely linked with consumer brand engagement, relationship marketing and student loyalty. The researchers selected a for-profit multinational OE organisation, which offers tertiary UK programmes and implements an incentivised RM strategy. Given that loyalty behaviour is linked with consumer experience, integrated marketing communications throughout the consumer journey are also believed to impact RM. The aim of this case study was to broaden knowledge and understanding of RM in this unique sector by identifying sectoral trends and investigating constructs of consumer brand engagement, employee engagement (EE) and integrated marketing communications through the lens of the OE sector. Through a mixed-methods design, combining elements of grounded theory and a constructivist paradigm, two discovery-oriented studies were conducted – namely qualitative interviews with 22 OE executives, and quantitative surveys with 100 OE students. Template analysis and quantitative statistics were implemented with an interpretive approach and methodological triangulation to ensure validity and reliability. Findings suggested a student-centred, bottom-up approach to IMC could be most successful, with employee ‘Belief in Strategy’ as a unique element of EE impacting on RM success.
Effect of Zn and B on the Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Groundnut
Authors: Nandi Ramprosad , Reja Hasim , Chatterjee Nitin , Ghosh Bag Animesh , Chand Hazra Gora 
Published: February 2020

Aims: To investigate the effect of combination between foliar zinc and boron on groundnut growth, yield, nutrient uptake and its accumulation in pods.
Study Design: Completely random design (CRD).
Place and Duration of Study: Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal, India during 2016.
Methodology: The pot experiment was comprised of three levels of Zn (0, 0.5 and 0.75% Zn), three levels of B (0, 0.3 and 0.45% B) and their combinations. The treatments were replicated thrice. Zn and B were applied through foliar spray twice at vegetative and flower initiation stage. Chlorophyll content, leaf area, root–shoot dry biomass, plant height, nutrient uptake and nutrient concentrations in pods were studied.
Results: Foliar spray of Zn and B jointly increased the leaf area to the tune of 55% and 29% at flowering and pod formation stages, respectively. Despite sole application of B and Zn increased the leaf chlorophyll content in groundnut; the combined applications were much more prominent. Moreover, lower level of Zn combined with higher level of B significantly (p<0.05) had higher uptake of N (18.8%), P (11.5%) and K (5.9%) over higher level of sole Zn application. The improved biomass accumulation of groundnut amplified the efficient utilization of primary nutrients and resulted in higher nutrient uptake as well as their concentration in pods. Groundnut when sprayed with elevated doses of Zn and B produced the maximum yield (30.8 g/plant).
Conclusion: Spraying of Zn and B increased plant biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll content noticeably and with the increase in concentration of Zn and B in spray, the increment became quite intense. The combined spray of Zn and B at critical growth stages promoted better growth and productivity of groundnut.
Influence of Soil Bioamendments on the Availabilty of Nickel and Phytoextraction Capability of Marigold from the Contaminated Soil
Authors: Sathya V. , Mahimairaja S. , Bharani A. , Krishnaveni A. 
Published: February 2020

Phytoremediation is an emerging technology involved in heavy metal remediation processes. It is evident from the several researches that the bioamendments greatly influences various biochemical processes and thus enhance the bioavailability of metals in the contaminated soil. It should favour greater absorption (removal) of metals by plants. Therefore, a pot experiments was conducted to examine the bioavailability and subsequent uptake of Ni by marigold during the application of different biomendments such as Farmyard manure (FYM), Composted poultry manure, Pressmud compost and Prosopis wood biochar. The result of pot experiment has shown the potential of bioamendments in enhancing the bioavailability of Ni in soil. The bioamendment application also enhanced the Ni content in plants. A significant positive correlations were obtained between Ni uptake by plants and water soluble and exchangeable Ni in soil. This explains the role of bioavailability in plant uptake of Ni. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) and enrichment factor (EF) were less than one but the translocation factor (TF) was greater than one in plants grown on soil amended with bioamendments. Marigold showed greater potential in tolerating and accumulating higher concentration Ni and therefore it could be integrated along with bioamendments for phytoextraction of Ni from contaminated soil.
Review of Paediatric Typhoid Perforation Cases Managed at a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Chaubey Digamber , Kumar Rahul Sandip , Yadav Ramdhani , Kumar Vijayendra , . Nitesh , Keshri Rupesh 
Published: February 2020

Background: Any criteria (clinical, pathologic, microbiological or histo-pathologic) attributing a case of Paediatric gastrointestinal perforation to Typhoid would be of help in reaching a proper diagnosis to guide appropriate management.
Aims and Objectives: To review all cases of Typhoid perforation for their clinical, pathologic and intra-operative findings.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on all cases of typhoid perforation (gastrointestinal perforation with positive Widal test) operated at a tertiary care centre from September 2015 to September 2018. Data regarding their clinical findings, investigation results, intraoperative findings, nature of the surgical intervention, postoperative results and histopathological findings were collected from their records and analysed.
Results: A total of 13 patients were operated during this period with positive Widal’s test at presentation. 6/13 had single ileal perforation; two patients had multiple ileal perforations; perforation at atypical sites were found in four patients (one each at gastric, duodenal, caecal and rectal); one patient presented with Meckel’s band obstruction with multiple ulcers – this patient was sick and died despite a diverting ileostomy in the postoperative period. While 8/13 patients had primary closure of the perforation site, diversion through ileostomy was performed in five patients. All patients did well in the post-operative period except one patient of multiple ulcers and obstructing Meckel’s band who died in the post-operative period.
Conclusion: On encountering a gastrointestinal perforation, no definite symptomatology or its pattern, no clinical examination findings, no intraoperative characteristics of the perforation and no biopsy can definitively point towards Typhoid as the cause. Therefore, we still have to depend on serological tests in correlation with clinical features to reach a conclusive diagnosis. Cultures and PCR, although sensitive are either time-taking or expensive to guide management. Typhoid perforation can have vivid and atypical presentation depending on the number and site of perforation.
In vitro Antioxidant Activities and Effect of Hydroethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Terminalia avicennioides (Combretaceae) on Salmonella
Authors: Ndel Famen Louis-Claire , Tangue Talom Benjamin , Simo Tagne Richard , Tchuente Kamsu Gabriel , Kodjio Norbert , Tamekou Lacmata Stephen , Gatsing Donatien 
Published: February 2020

Today, Typhoid fever remains a public health problem in developing countries due to the poor quality of lifestyle associated with abusive and inappropriate use of antibiotics.
Aims: Considering the ethnopharmacological relevance of Terminalia avicennioides (T. avicennioides) (Combretaceae), this study was designed to investigate the in vitro antisalmonella and antioxidant activities of various extracts of this plant.
Methodology: The microdilution method was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of T. avicennioides extract. These extracts were also subjected to in vitro antioxidant tests such as diphényl-2-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) radical scavenging test, ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP), hydroxyl radical (OH) nitric oxide (NO) and Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Capacity.
Results: In vitro antisalmonella activity reveals that T. avicennioides stem bark extracts presented MIC values ranging from 64 to 512 μg / mL on tested microorganisms. This extract exhibited a good ability to trap DPPH with an IC50 of 8.30 μg / mL. The iron reducing power obtained with this extract had ODs ranging from 0.96 to 1.63. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols anthocyanin and anthraquinone in all the extracts.
Conclusion: The results suggest that stem extract of T. avicennioides contains antisalmonella and antioxidant substances, which could be used for the treatment of typhoid fever and another salmonellosis.
Crystal structure of Akkermansia muciniphila peroxiredoxin reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of typical 2‐Cys Prxs by a distinct loop
Authors: Li Mengyu , Wang Junchao , Xu Wenjuan , Wang Yongzhong , Zhang Min , Wang Mingzhu 
Published: February 2020

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are thiol‐specific antioxidant proteins commonly found in organisms that protect cells from the damage of reactive oxygen species produced by metabolism and that participate in cell signaling. The Prx from the bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila (AmPrx) is a typical 2‐Cys Prx characterized by two conserved cysteines: Cys49 and Cys183. Here, we verified the peroxidase activity of AmPrx and determined its crystal structure in reduced form, which is a doughnut‐shaped decamer composed of five dimers. Particularly, a distinct loop between the α4 helix and β6 strand is involved in the decameric interaction. Deletion of this loop destroys the decameric structure and significantly decreases the peroxidase activity of AmPrx. Our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of typical 2‐Cys Prx, in which the α4‐β6 loop affects the assembly of Prx and, therefore, regulates its peroxidase activity.
Spatiotemporally Monitoring Cell Viability through Programmable Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Transformation by Using Fluorescent Carbon Dots
Authors: Yin Xiaohui , Sun Yuanqiang , Geng Xin , Li Jianjun , Yang Ran , Zhang Ke , Qu Lingbo , Li Zhaohui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, which maintain the metabolism of living cells. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) is the key parameter of mitochondria and represents cellular activity. The programmable MMP transformations, i.e., normal, decrease, and vanishing, are indicative mitochondria healthy/damaged/dead states. Therefore, methods for monitoring MMP are of great importance. In this work, carbon dots responsive to mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP‐CDs) are prepared by a simple microwave method. The intracellular distribution of the MMP‐CDs is dependent on the mitochondrial membrane potential. Three different spatiotemporally organelle distributions (mitochondria/lysosome/nucleus) of the MMP‐CDs indicate three distinct MMP levels (normal/decrease/vanishing), which represent three different cell states (healthy/damaged/dead). The normal cells with high mitochondrial membrane potential causes the MMP‐CDs to accumulate in the mitochondria due to the Nernstian effect. The MMP‐CDs are released from the mitochondria and transported to the lysosome when cells are in apoptosis with the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. In dead cells with a vanished mitochondrial membrane potential, the MMP‐CDs are collocated with the nucleus due to the affinity with DNA. Thus, various cellular states can be visualized through the different localizations of the MMP‐CDs. These MMP‐CDs are successfully employed in the detection of autophagy and H2O2‐induced mitochondria and mitochondrial membrane potential changes.
Printing 2D Conjugated Polymer Monolayers and Their Distinct Electronic Properties
Authors: Kafle Prapti , Zhang Fengjiao , Schorr Noah B. , Huang Kai‐Yu , Rodríguez‐López Joaquín , Diao Ying 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecently, 2D monolayer films of conjugated polymers have gained increasing attention owing to the preeminence of 2D inorganic films that exhibit unique optoelectronic and mechanical properties compared to their bulk analogs. Despite numerous efforts, crystallization of semiconducting polymers into highly ordered 2D monolayer films still remains challenging. Herein, a dynamic‐template‐assisted meniscus‐guided coating is utilized to fabricate continuous, highly ordered 2D monolayer films of conjugated polymers over a centimeter scale with enhanced backbone π–π stacking. In contrast, monolayer films printed on solid substrates confer upon the 1D fiber networks strong alkyl side‐chain stacking at the expense of backbone packing. From single‐layers to multilayers, the polymer π‐stacks change from edge‐on to bimodal orientation as the film thickness reaches ≈20 nm. Spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetry analysis reveals an abrupt increase in J‐aggregation and absorption coefficient and a decrease in bandgap and highest occupied molecular orbital level until critical thickness, possibly arising from the straightened polymer backbone. This is corroborated by an abrupt increase in hole mobility with film thickness, reaching a maximum of 0.7 cm2 V−1 s−1 near the critical thickness. Finally, fabrication of chemical sensors incorporating polymer films of various thicknesses is demonstrated, and an ultrahigh sensitivity of the ≈7 nm thick ultrathin film (bilayers) to 1 ppb ammonia is shown.
Macroscopic Spontaneous Polarization and Surface Oxygen Vacancies Collaboratively Boosting CO2 Photoreduction on BiOIO3 Single Crystals
Authors: Chen Fang , Ma Zhaoyu , Ye Liqun , Ma Tianyi , Zhang Tierui , Zhang Yihe , Huang Hongwei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrompt recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes in bulk and on the surface of photocatalysts harshly impedes the photocatalytic efficiency. However, the simultaneous manipulation of photocharges in the two locations is challenging. Herein, the synchronous promotion of bulk and surface separation of photoinduced charges for prominent CO2 photoreduction by coupling macroscopic spontaneous polarization and surface oxygen vacancies (OVs) of BiOIO3 single crystals is reported. The oriented growth of BiOIO3 single‐crystal nanostrips along the [001] direction, ensuing substantial well‐aligned IO3 polar units, renders a large enhancement for the macroscopic polarization electric field, which is capable of driving the rapid separation and migration of charges from bulk to surface. Meanwhile the introduction of surface OVs establishes a local electric field for charge migration to catalytic sites on the surface of BiOIO3 nanostrips. Highly polarized BiOIO3 nanostrips with ample OVs demonstrate outstanding CO2 reduction activity for CO production with a rate of 17.33 µmol g−1 h−1 (approximately ten times enhancement) without any sacrificial agents or cocatalysts, being one of the best CO2 reduction photocatalysts in the gas–solid system reported so far. This work provides an integrated solution to governing charge movement behavior on the basis of collaborative polarization from bulk and surface.
An Ultraviolet‐Deposited MoO3 Film as Anode Interlayer for High‐Performance Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Cai Ping , Ren Peng , Huang Xiaofang , Zhang Xiuyun , Zhan Tao , Xiong Jian , Xue Xiaogang , Wang Zhongmin , Zhang Jian , Chen Junwu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn ultraviolet‐deposited MoO3 film is developed as anode interlayer based on molybdenum(V) chloride as precursor. The ultraviolet‐deposited MoO3 film is prepared from the precursor film (spin coated from its solution) with ultraviolet irradiation treatment, and the preparation process of the MoO3 film is facile, low cost, and compatible with mass production and flexible substrate. The composition of the MoO3 film is analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The work function as well as the surface morphology and wettability of indium tin oxide (ITO) modified by the MoO3 film are investigated by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle tester, respectively, where the analyses show the ITO modified by the MoO3 anode interlayer can offer excellent energy level alignment and interface contact with active layer. The photovoltaic performance of nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on the MoO3 anode interlayer is researched with typical and relatively low‐cost PBDB‐T:ITIC as active layer, and the ITO/MoO3‐based device shows the highest power conversion efficiency of 9.27% compared with the bare ITO‐based device (3.69%) and the ITO/PEDOT:PSS‐based device (9.15%). The results demonstrate the great potential of the ultraviolet‐deposited MoO3 film as anode interlayer for high‐performance PSCs.