bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accomplishing Change in Teaching and Learning Regimes
Authors: Trowler Paul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chapter 6 focuses on change processes within their contexts, and how they have been, and can be, addressed. Drawing on vignettes and on well-documented case studies of organizational change in higher education contexts around the world, the chapter considers the forces of stasis and dynamism of the various elements which constitute teaching and learning regimes. The implications for change agents are unpicked and the notion of a practice-focused way of seeing is further elaborated. The chapter elaborates on how the practice sensibility helps practitioners look beyond quotidian events, conflicts, and issues. It helps change agents know where to look and what to look for in relation to the forces that shape practices, and how they might be addressed to enhance processes and outcomes.
Form, Creation, Legal Effects
Authors: Smith Stephen A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chapter 3 has two main aims. First, it provides an overview of the legal rules governing the form, creation, and legal effects of private law orders. Second, it explains these rules, and in particular it explains why they should be understood as part of the ‘general law’ of private law rulings. In substance, this explanation is a sustained critique of the traditional approach of organising and explaining these rules according to their historical origins, that is, according to whether they originated in the Royal Courts or the Chancery Court. Chapter 3 argues that these rules reflect general remedial-law principles, principles that could have easily developed in a unitary legal system. Taken together, these aims are an important part of the book’s broader project of taking seriously the idea of remedies as a legal subject. If remedies are judicial orders, then the rules governing their form, creation, and effects are an important part of remedial law. And if remedial law merits its title, those rules ought to have common foundations.
Defences
Authors: Smith Stephen A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chapter 9 explores remedial defences. It defends three broad arguments. First, the law of remedial defences constitutes a significant, though largely unrecognized, part of remedial law. Second, remedial defences are based on general principles—principles that cut across the historical boundaries between so-called legal and equitable defences. The same defences, and the same governing principles, could easily have developed in a unitary legal system. Third, while the law governing remedial defences appears, in many cases, ripe for reform, the general idea of specifically remedial defences is coherent. In developing these arguments, Chapter 9 distinguishes between substantive and remedial defences, and, within the latter category, between full and partial defences. Examples of full defences (each of which is discussed individually) include limitation periods, absence of formalities, immunities, res judicata, abuse of process, statutory non-actionability, and, in some circumstances, illegality. Examples of partial defences (again, each of which is discussed individually) include adequacy of damages, supervision, personal duties, clean hands, laches, hardship, and public interest.
The Ontology of Rhythm
Authors: Simons Peter 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chapter 3 defends a static conception of rhythm, according to which movement is not essential. It investigates the complex ontology of rhythm, setting out the types of entity on which rhythm is founded and their relationships with rhythm itself. No single essential characterization will work, the author argues; rather there is a series of types branching off from simple paradigms. Rhythm in music is characterized in its simplest form by a certain kind of repetitive temporal pattern, which forms the basis for variations and combinations generating the whole range of musical rhythms. For the case of music, though not for rhythms in general, this range is limited (though not constituted) by anthropological constraints concerning pitch, tempo, volume, and complexity.
Rhythm and Popular Music
Authors: Stone Alison 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chapter 9 explores how rhythm functions and affects us in popular music, restricting that term to the post-1950s period, and arguing that in such music, measured time becomes a resource for creating fields of energy that empower us as embodied human agents. One typical layer of sound in popular music is what the chapter identifies as “explicit” rhythm: a constant (metrical) layer of percussion that has no precise pitch. In relation to this layer, the rhythmic qualities of all the other layers of sound—vocal/melodic, harmonic, bass-lines, etc.—are heightened, as they emphasize beats that fit in with or pull against the (metric) level emphasized by the percussion. This gives the music a pronounced rhythmic character that appeals to our bodies by providing opportunities to move creatively with the emphases sounded by the different layers of the music. The account is illustrated with the example of Michael Jackson’s “Billie Jean.”
Sources of Growth in India
Authors: Bhandari Laveesh , Kale Sumita 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Laveesh Bhandari and Sumita Kale study the underlying factors behind the acceleration in India’s economic growth and its puzzling structure. The services sector has been the engine of growth for the economy, with different sub-sectors taking the lead in different time periods as each responded to a policy change such as bank nationalization in the seventies, construction boom in the 2000s, et cetera. However, industrial reforms have not resulted in a sustained high growth due to constraints in land, labour and infrastructure. States have followed diverse trajectories, initial conditions in each leading to differential responses to central reforms. Growth and governance are now crucial for electoral outcomes, making them a focal point for the path ahead.
After Liberalizing Reforms
Authors: Balakrishnan Pulapre , Goyal Ashima 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Pulapre Balakrishnan and Ashima Goyal point to domestic factors rather than the global economy as the source of the growth slowdown in the last decade. It follows more importance needs to be given to domestic demand and to difficult domestic reforms such as improvements in governance. Since macroeconomic policy has impacted growth, attention to the interaction between the two would also yield dividends. To do so, the inflation forecast targeting regime requires to be flexibly implemented with supportive government action to relieve supply-side restrictions.
Openness and Growth in the Indian Economy
Authors: Sikdar Soumyen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Soumyen Sikdar attempts to understand the contribution of external liberalization to post-reform growth performance. Current account openness has reduced the cost of importing intermediate inputs and technical knowledge. The services sector, helped by the telecom revolution, has efficiently exploited the burgeoning global demand for business process services. The demand pull effect has been much weaker for manufacturing, due to persistent domestic inefficiency and serious infrastructural deficiencies in addition to Chinese competition. Agriculture also continues to be hamstrung by supply side constraints in which decline in public investment has played a crucial role. There is a movement up the value ladder in exports, and import composition too has changed for the better, though much scope for improvement remains. There is evidence of total factor productivity growth, particularly in services. But foreign direct investment has failed to effect any major supply side change and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) has failed to bring down the cost of capital significantly or to stimulate stock markets adequately. The need to counter exchange rate volatility due to global risks driven volatility in FPI forced the RBI to take measures that impacted growth adversely. These risks are continuing as we wait for monetary policy to normalize in the major countries. A fact that greatly redounds to the credit of our regulatory framework is that despite its considerable openness the Indian economy could escape the global financial crisis relatively unscathed due to quick and appropriate policy response on many fronts.
Betrothal
Authors: James Carolyn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
While historians have acknowledged the importance of dynastic marriages to political strategy and diplomacy during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, little attention has been paid to how individuals were readied for such marriages by their families. The Este-Gonzaga match was a neighbourly one. The close proximity of Ferrara and Mantua and a decade-long betrothal permitted the two families to try to establish familiarity between their betrothed children in order to reap the political fruits that a harmonious marital relationship would provide. This chapter provides an insight into what contemporaries believed to be the foundations for a successful marriage and uncovers the very different journeys towards wedlock of a young, strictly cloistered, aristocratic girl and a mature bachelor prince.
Building a Spousal Relationship
Authors: James Carolyn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
As was the case with other politically significant unions, the early years of the marriage of Francesco Gonzaga and Isabella d’Este were dominated by the expectation that the couple would quickly produce an heir. While this pressure was most acutely felt by Isabella, the lack of a son represented a significant source of worry for a ruler who sought to secure a dynastic legacy. This chapter explores the struggle of a newly married couple to develop trust and to become sexually comfortable with each other, a process that proved far from straightforward. Francesco was known for his ribald humour and frank sexuality, while Isabella married with little awareness of what to expect in relation to her duty to bear a son. By piecing together evidence relating to their early relationship, the chapter traces the emotional discomfort the marital partners experienced in the initial stage of their union, the lengths to which Isabella’s parents and members of her own household went to resolve them, and the public scrutiny to which the marchioness was subject in the lead up to the birth of her first child.
Parallel Aspirations
Authors: James Carolyn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The early decades of the Italian Wars (1494–1559) had a dramatic impact on the political landscape of Italy and radically changed the nature of military conflict. This chapter explores the efforts of Francesco Gonzaga and Isabella d’Este to realize their youthful ambitions in a rapidly changing political environment. The marquis wished to make his name as a military strategist and warrior, while his wife aspired to try out her diplomatic talents. Both individuals enjoyed initial success in their respective endeavours, as they worked together effectively, if not entirely harmoniously, to maintain the Gonzaga regime on an even keel during the first French invasion of the Italian peninsula.
Risk-Taking and Risk Management
Authors: James Carolyn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the ways in which gender shaped the respective approaches to political decision-making by the marquis and his wife. I argue that while the delegated nature of her authority encouraged Isabella to keep her emotions strictly in check and to be prudent in a diplomatic setting, Francesco was far more erratic. On the one hand, he adopted strategies of temporizing, prevarication, and swift changes of allegiance to hedge his bets politically, seen by contemporaries as intrinsically female vices, on the other, he indulged in reckless and competitive behaviour designed to display his masculine courage and princely disdain for caution. Together the couple evaded the dangers posed by the second French descent and the fall of Milan to Louis XII, but it was Isabella’s prudence that neutralized the ill-considered risk-taking of her husband.
Parenthood and Politics
Authors: James Carolyn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An earlier generation of historians claimed that medieval and early modern parents often withheld love from their children for fear they would die, or treated those who survived as ‘little adults’. Recent research has shown that many mothers and fathers formed close bonds with their offspring, whom they cared for in ways that were entirely age appropriate. The correspondence of Isabella and Francesco shows that children could bring parents closer together and improve a relationship that was initially emotionally quite distant. Through close analysis of archival documentation, this chapter explores how the Gonzaga children were monitored and guided through their infancy and childhood by parents who reacted with delight to their developmental milestones, but also made sure they were rigorously prepared for the dynastic roles they would assume in adulthood.
Years of Crisis
Authors: James Carolyn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The advent of the Italian Wars (1494–1559) coincided with a devastating epidemic, initially dubbed the mal francese by Italians, because it was thought to have been brought to the peninsula with Charles VIII’s invading army. Francesco was an early victim of the Great Pox. This chapter explores the physical and mental anguish associated with a disease from the perspective of an infected individual. The illness ruined Francesco’s military career and compromised the physically robust image of masculinity he had always cultivated. His alternating bouts of hope and despair provide an insight into how elite sufferers, such as he, dealt with the disease. The marquis assumed he would be able to prevail over the affliction, since he had the requisite courage and enough money to secure an effective cure, an attitude that led to his capture by Venetian mercenaries and year-long incarceration in Venice, when he returned to the battlefield while still in an enfeebled state.
A Mind of Her Own
Authors: James Carolyn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the tensions and strategies at play in the last years of the Gonzaga-Este marriage, when Isabella demanded greater physical mobility and diplomatic autonomy on the grounds that she had proved both her political competence and utter loyalty to Gonzaga interests. But as his illness worsened and undermined the physical virility on which his vision of masculinity so relied, Francesco’s conviction in his status as the dominant partner found expression in a greater desire to be seen publicly to command a wife who had acquired a reputation for wilfulness. The acrimonious divergence of views between the pair about how their marriage ought to work in its mature phase, documented in their correspondence and that of Isabella’s secretary, Capilupi, is analysed here alongside episodes of reconciliation, in which Isabella and Francesco recognized the bonds that still united them. The evidence reveals the emotional complexities of a relationship in its third decade.
Introduction
Authors: Lekan Thomas M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter introduces readers to Bernhard Grzimek, the “animal whisperer” who created Germany’s longest-running television program (A Place for Animals, 1956–1987), won an Academy Award for his documentary film Serengeti Shall Not Die, and sensitized a generation of young people to the power of ecological lobbying. Having rebuilt the Frankfurt Zoo and saving its remaining animals from the rubble of World War II, Grzimek transferred the idea of a permanent sanctuary for animals and from human violence to the Serengeti, the site of the earth’s last great animal migrations. It then examines the core chapters’ theme: the mismatch between this conservation quest and land rights struggles during the independence era. Grzimek raised funds, brokered diplomatic favors, and promised thousands of animal-loving tourists to save this “gigantic zoo” from human encroachment. A grand mission to be sure—but one that feared Africans’ own ideas about wildlife control and sidestepped their aspirations for environmental sovereignty.
No Room for Wild Animals
Authors: Lekan Thomas M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter shows that Bernhard and his son Michael Grzimek’s quest to save African wildlife began on a simple collecting trip to bring a specimen of the rare Okapia from the former Belgian Congo back to the Frankfurt Zoo. The pair documented this journey in the bestselling book No Room for Wild Animals (1954), which they released as a conservationist documentary by the same name in 1956. In these works, the Grzimeks broke with colonialist images of “exotic” Africa and with Walt Disney studio’s lighthearted animal adventures popular at this time. They presented Central Africa as a region destined to repeat the tragedy of Europe’s urbanization, overpopulation, and “racial degeneration”—which threatened to destroy tropical forests and the integrityof indigenous peoples such as the Mbuti (pygmies). For the Grzimeks, the main goal of the Frankfurt Zoological Society had shifted from specimen maintenance at home to scientific conservation abroad: the protection of wildlife sanctuaries off limits to economic development and local peoples. Such images of “saving” Africa unwittingly repeated old imperialist myths, however, and omitted the Congolese’s own hopes for political autonomy and environmental control right on the brink of decolonization.
Thinking Locally, Acting Globally
Authors: Lekan Thomas M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the frictions that emerged as the Grzimeks spoke on behalf of the world’s animals (and peoples) from their situatedness as celebrity scientists in West Germany. No Room for Wild Animals won over most critics and filmgoers because its doomsday portrayals of African endangerment projected European conservative anxieties about the perceived dark side of the “economic miracle” at home: the social dislocations of urbanization, the loss of traditional ways by mindless consumerism, and the pollution of land and water. The film energized discussions about how citizens of the Federal Republic might escape the diseases of civilization by creating their own national parks and outdoor zoos. The Grzimeks’ portrayals of reckless safaris in Africa, however, riled Germany’s conservation-minded hunters, who accused the pair of dramatizing wildlife endangerment to make a profit. Bernhard triumphed over his critics, but the public debates had raised uncomfortable memories of the German imperial origins of Africa’s game reserves and national parks that appeals to “global heritage” never resolved.
A Weakness for the Maasai
Authors: Lekan Thomas M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the ground-level debates over pastoral land rights that lay outside the aerial camera’s frame in Serengeti Shall Not Die. When the British gazetted Serengeti National Park in 1951, Tanganyika’s colonial government had guaranteed the Maasai rights of occupancy because they did not traditionally hunt and were deemed part of the natural landscape. Yet a prolonged drought brought increasing numbers of Maasai into the parklands in search of better-watered highland grazing, causing conflict with park officials. Such movements, coupled with scientific and administrative misunderstanding of transhumance and savanna resilience, led the British to propose excising the Ngorongoro region from the park to accommodate local land use. The Grzimeks and a “green network” of international allies asserted that cattle herding and wildlife conservation were incompatible due to livestock’s overgrazing. They buttressed this ecological claim with fears of racial degeneration, claiming that there were no more “true-blooded” Maasai left in the Serengeti. The Grzimeks’ advocacy helped to transform a colonial debate about “native” rights into an international scandal. The green network had discredited British imperialism yet inherited many of its paternalist assumptions about traditional African land use and modernist development.
An Honest Broker for the Animals
Authors: Lekan Thomas M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines how Bernhard Grzimek relaunched his quest to save the Serengeti in the wake of his son Michael’s death and the shift toward African self-rule under the leadership of Tanganyika’s new prime minister Julius Nyerere in 1960–1961. Unlike his compatriots in the IUCN who feared black-majority rule, Grzimek saw decolonization as a time of opportunity. He convinced Nyerere that expanding the country’s national park system would catalyze socioeconomic development through tourism, technical assistance, and direct aid. Working alongside John Owen, the director of Tanganyikan National Parks, Grzimek developed a para-diplomatic style of advocacy that promoted package tours and solicited donations on television and secured bilateral aid outside official state protocols. Such efforts created a strange alliance between nature conservationists hoping to curtail rural development and African modernizers hoping to promote it. These varied interests came together at Arusha in September 1961 at a landmark UNESCO-sponsored symposium where Nyerere pledged to protect Tanganyika’s wildlife inheritance so long as Europeans made good on their promises.
Who Cares for Africa’s Game?
Authors: Lekan Thomas M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines Bernhard Grzimek’s increasing inability to broker conservation politics in Tanzania during the 1960s as the country moved toward self-reliance and the Africanization of the wildlife sector. Grzimek found it difficult to make wildlife pay for themselves due to logistical problems of West German game-cropping projects, insufficient donations for expanding and maintaining Tanganyika’s national park system, and competition with Kenya for East Africa’s share of the wildlife tourism market. Such failures shaped and were shaped by Tanzania’s shift toward socialist development and Eastern Bloc partnerships that further jeopardized a tourism industry catering to foreign desires. Friction between Western conservationists and agricultural minister Derek Bryceson over Tanzania’s conservation priorities alienated Nyerere and other African observers, who resented international conservationists meddling in “national” heritage. The Africanization of the national park leadership in the early 1970s signaled that the fate of the Serengeti’s wild animals lay in Nyerere’s hands—not Grzimek’s.
Epilogue
Authors: Lekan Thomas M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Six decades after the Grzimeks first arrived in the Serengeti, their quest still shapes the way that tourists, scientists, park staff, and Tanzanians are invited to understand the park’s origins and its significance for global conservation, as this short ethnographic moment at the Serengeti Visitor Center in Seronera reveals. A better exhibit script, one more attuned to a Tanzanian national context, would dispense with the white “charismatic megascientist” theme and focus squarely on the hopes and aspirations of political modernizers and customary land users in the early 1960s. Without a retooling of public outreach, the goal of integrated conservation and development in the Serengeti that is attuned to local priorities cannot be achieved.