bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Array Microcell Method (AMCM) for Serial Electroanalysis
Authors: Alden Sasha E. , Siepser Natasha P. , Patterson Jacqueline A. , Jagdale Gargi S. , Choi Myunghoon , Baker Lane A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe describe a method for electrochemical measurement and synthesis based on the combination of a mobile micropipette and a microelectrode array, which we term the array microcell method (AMCM). AMCM has the ability to address single electrodes within a microelectrode array (MEA) and provides a simple, low‐cost format to enable versatile electrochemical measurements. In AMCM, a droplet at the tip of a movable micropipette (inner diameter of 50 μm) functions as an electrochemical cell, in which the electrode area is defined by a microelectrode of the array. We also report carbon MEAs that are well suited for AMCM and are fabricated from pyrolyzed photoresist films (PPFs). PPF‐MEAs with nominal electrode diameters of 5.5 μm are characterized by AMCM, standard macroscale electrochemical methods, and finite element modeling. The versatility of AMCM is demonstrated by measurement of single Pt microparticles and by electrodeposition of shape‐controlled Pt nanoparticles.
Large‐scale dynamic process monitoring based on performance‐driven distributed canonical variate analysis
Authors: Liu Jun , Song Chunyue , Zhao Jun , Ji Peng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs a typical process monitoring method for the large‐scale industrial process, the distributed principal components analysis (DPCA) needs to be improved because of its rough selection for the variables in each subblock. Moreover, for DPCA, the process dynamic property is ignored and invalid fault diagnosis may occur. Therefore, a performance‐driven distributed canonical variate analysis (DCVA) is proposed. Firstly, with historical fault information, the genetic algorithm is utilized to select appropriate variables for each subblock; secondly, canonical variate analysis is introduced to capture the dynamic information for performance improvement; finally, a novel fault diagnosis method is developed for the DCVA model. Case studies on a numerical example and the Tennessee Eastman benchmark process demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.Highlights

A novel fault diagnosis approach based on the distributed CVA model is presented.
The dynamic property of process data for each sub‐block is firstly captured by CVA.
With the genetic algorithm, the historical fault information is utilized to select appropriate variables in each sub‐block.
The superiority of the developed method is validated on the numerical example and the TE process.
Synthesis and Assembly of Zinc Oxide Microcrystals by a Low‐Temperature Dissolution–Reprecipitation Process: Lessons Learned About Twin Formation in Heterogeneous Reactions
Authors: Hoffmann Rudolf C. , Trapp Maximilian , Erdem Emre , Kratzer Markus , Teichert Christian , Kleebe Hans‐Joachim , Schneider Jörg J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCobalt‐doped zinc oxide single crystals with the shape of hexagonal platelets were synthesized by thermohydrolysis of zinc acetate, cobalt acetate, and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) in mixtures of ethanol and water. The mineralization proceeds by a low‐temperature dissolution–reprecipitation process from the liquid phase by the formation of basic cobalt zinc salts as intermediates. The crystal shape as well as twin formation of the resulting oxide phase can be influenced by careful choice of the solvent mixture and the amount of doping. An understanding of the course of the reaction was achieved by comprehensive employment of analytical techniques (i.e., SEM, XRD, IR) including an in‐depth HRTEM study of precipitates from various reaction stages. In addition, EPR as well as UV/Vis spectroscopic measurements provide information about the insertion of the cobalt dopant into the zincite lattice. The Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique is shown to be suitable for depositing coatings of the platelets on glass substrates functionalized with polyelectrolyte multilayers and hence is applied for the formation of monolayers containing domains with ordered tessellation. No major differences are found between deposits on substrates with anionic or cationic surface modification. The adherence to the substrates is sufficient to determine the absolute orientation of the deposited polar single crystals by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) studies.
Influence of the Attachment of a Gold(I) Phosphine Moiety at the Upper Rim of a Calix[4]pyrrole on the Binding of Tetraalkylammonium Chloride Salts
Authors: Sun Qingqing , Aragay Gemma , Pinto Andrea , Aguiló Elisabet , Rodríguez Laura , Ballester Pablo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe report the synthesis of an unprecedented mono‐gold(I) phosphine complex based on a “two‐wall” aryl‐ethynyl extended calix[4]pyrrole. We describe and compare the binding properties of the parent 10α,20α‐bis‐aryl‐ethynyl calix[4]pyrrole ligand and the prepared organometallic compound as receptors for tetraalkylammonium chloride salts in dichloromethane and acetone. We describe the results of 1H NMR, UV–Vis titrations and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments in dichloromethane and acetone, aiming to thermodynamically characterize the formed complexes. The obtained results indicate a noticeable decrease in the binding affinity of the chloride for the mono‐gold(I) receptor 1 compared to the parent ligand 2. The increase in the negative value of the electrostatic surface potential at the center of the aromatic ring of the gold(I) meso‐aryl‐ethynyl substituent serves to explain the observed results and the presence in solution of the chloride complex of 1 as a mixture of two conformers.
Surface Functionalization of Black Phosphorus with a Highly Reducing Organoruthenium Complex: Interface Properties and Enhanced Photoresponsivity of Photodetectors
Authors: Guo Rui , Zheng Yue , Hu Zehua , Zhang Jialin , Han Cheng , Longhi Elena , Barlow Stephen , Marder Seth R. , Chen Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, a heterostructure obtained by vacuum evaporation of a strong molecular n‐dopant, [RuCp*(mes)]2, onto black phosphorus (BP) is reported, along with the systematic investigation of the interfacial structure and properties by various in situ characterization techniques. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectra (UPS) showed a large decrease in the work function of BP and a new peak within the bandgap, which is attributed to electron transfer from dopants to the underlying BP. The electrons trapped at the interface act as hole traps and induce photogating effect so that a photodetector based on BP–organoruthenium complex heterostructure demonstrates a photoresponsivity of 5.5 mA W−1 and an EQE of 1.3 % at 515 nm, a tenfold improvement compared to the pristine BP device.
In Situ Immobilization of Palladium Nanodots in C−C Bonded 2D Conjugated Polymers through Suzuki Polymerization at the Liquid–Liquid Interface
Authors: Wang Dongyang , Li Ming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTraditional methods for immobilization of noble metal nanodots in 2D materials (2DMs) need multiple steps and unfriendly reaction conditions. Herein, a one‐step method was developed by immobilizing in situ palladium nanodots during the preparation of the 2D conjugated polymer (2DCP) through Suzuki polymerization on interface under mild conditions. Through this method, three 2D conjugated nanosheets carrying palladium nanodots were synthesized.
Clinically ascertained health outcomes, quality of life, and social attainment among adult survivors of neuroblastoma: A report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort
Authors: Wilson Carmen L. , Brinkman Tara M. , Cook Cathleen , Huang Sujuan , Hyun Geehong , Green Daniel M. , Furman Wayne L. , Bhakta Nickhill , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Krasin Matthew J. , Robison Leslie L. , Ness Kirsten K. , Hudson Melissa M. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to characterize chronic disease, health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), emotional distress, and social attainment among long‐term survivors of neuroblastoma.MethodsChronic health conditions among 136 ≥10‐year neuroblastoma survivors (median age, 31.9 years; range, 20.2‐54.6 years) and 272 community controls (median age, 34.7 years; range, 18.3‐59.6 years) were graded with a modified version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.03). HRQOL and emotional distress were assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey and the Brief Symptom Inventory‐18. Log‐binomial regression and logistic regression were used to compare the prevalence of chronic conditions and the frequency of reduced HRQOL, distress, and social attainment between survivors and controls. The cumulative burden approach was used to estimate multimorbidity.ResultsBy the age of 35 years, survivors had experienced, on average, 8.5 grade 1 to 5 conditions (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.6‐9.3), which was higher than the average for controls (3.3; 95% CI, 2.9‐3.7). Compared with controls, survivors had a higher prevalence of any pulmonary (P = .003), auditory (P < .001), gastrointestinal (P < .001), neurological (P = .003), or renal condition (P < .001); were more likely to report poor physical HRQOL (P = .01) and symptoms of anxiety (P = .01) and somatization (P = .01); and were less likely to live independently (P = .01) or marry (P = .01). In analyses limited to survivors, those with 1 or more grade 3 to 5 conditions were more likely to report reduced general health (odds ratio [OR], 6.6; 95% CI, 1.6‐26.9), greater bodily pain (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.0‐17.0), and unemployment (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.2‐8.5).ConclusionsBecause of the high burden of chronic diseases and the associations of these morbidities with reduced HRQOL and social attainment, screening and interventions that provide opportunities to optimize health are important among neuroblastoma survivors.
A privacy‐preserving density peak clustering algorithm in cloud computing
Authors: Sun Liping , Ci Shang , Liu Xiaoqing , Zheng Xiaoyao , Yu Qingying , Luo Yonglong 
Published: January 2020

SummaryAiming at preventing the privacy disclosure of sensitive information, issues related to privacy protection in cloud computing have attracted the interest of researchers. To protect the privacy of users during clustering in a cloud computing environment, we present a privacy‐preserving density peak clustering (PPDPC) algorithm that neither discloses personal privacy information nor leaks the cluster centers. Our scheme contains two steps of density peak clustering: First, a cloud service provider calculates the cluster centers without knowing each participant's private data and without disclosing any cluster center information to the other participants, and second, participant allocation is secure and every participant is prevented from identifying the other members of the same cluster. Security analysis and comparison experiments show that the proposed PPDPC algorithm not only obtains good accuracy with respect to density peak clustering but also resists collusion attacks even if the cloud service provider is collaborating with all except one participant. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results confirm the security and accuracy of our method.
Evaluation of cloud autoscaling strategies under different incoming workload patterns
Authors: Calzarossa Maria Carla , Massari Luisa , Tessera Daniele 
Published: January 2020

SummaryCloud computing provides cost‐effective solutions for deploying services and applications. Although resources can be provisioned on demand, they need to adapt quickly and in a seamless way to the workload intensity and characteristics and satisfy at the same time the desired performance levels. In this paper, we evaluate the effects exercised by different incoming workload patterns on cloud autoscaling strategies. More specifically, we focus on workloads characterized by periodic, continuously growing, diurnal and unpredictable arrival patterns. To test these workloads, we simulate a realistic cloud infrastructure using customized extensions of the CloudSim simulation toolkit. The simulation experiments allow us to evaluate the cloud performance under different workload conditions and assess the benefits of autoscaling policies as well as the effects of their configuration settings.
A Highly Stable and Tunable Visible‐Near‐IR Electrochromic All‐in‐One Gel Device
Authors: Ling Huan , Su Fengyu , Tian Yanqing , Luo Dan , Liu Yan Jun , Sun Xiao Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEnergy saving is a global topic of critical importance. Electrochromic devices (ECDs) could be used to control energy flow by modulating the light absorption reversibly upon application of a small potential bias. Herein, a visible‐NIR dual‐band ECD based on the viologen analogue 4, 4′‐(thiophene‐2, 5‐diyl) bis(1‐methylpyridin‐1‐ium) diiodide (TMP) was assembled with a simple all‐in‐one configuration. The TMP‐based gel ECD possesses high dynamic contrast (81.7 % at 570 nm, 68.6 % at 835 nm, 62.8 % at 910 nm and 55.3 % at 1046 nm), excellent cyclic stability (70.6 % of ▵T at 570 nm maintained after 25000 cycles at 1.4 V), and low power consumption (15.2 mJ/cm2 to complete the coloring process, 2.5 mW/cm2 to keep color and low transmittance). Remarkably, the absorption of visible and NIR light could be selectively adjusted by varying the coloring time. For comparison, a dimethyl viologen (DMV)‐based gel ECD was fabricated, and the SAR (structure‐activity relationship) was established by cyclic voltammetry, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and other electrochromic performance parameters.
Designing the focused and wide beam pattern in linear and planar phased‐MIMO radar considering the antennas' overlap
Authors: Moghaddasi S.A. , Khaleghi Bizaki H. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryPhased‐array multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar is a new method for collocated MIMO radar, benefiting from its advantages without losing the coherent processing gain considered the main feature of phased‐array radars. In this method, the whole array is divided into several overlapping subarrays; then a waveform is allocated to the antennas of each subarray, which are orthogonal to other subarray's waveforms. In order to obtain a desired beam pattern, appropriate weighting coefficients for each subarray should be designed. This study aimed to design the phased‐MIMO radar's weighting coefficient matrix in two modes: In the first mode, the aim is to design a beam pattern, which has the maximum value in direction of the desired targets. In the second mode, a desired beam pattern is defined, and the coefficients should calculated in such a way that the obtained pattern be as much as possible compatible with the desired patter. In the two modes, the design, at first, is accomplished for linear array and then is extended to the planar array. Moreover, the impact of subarrays' overlap and the power constraints is investigated. The proposed methods, in special cases, are applicable in MIMO and phased‐array radars, too.
Selection and plasticity both account for interannual variation in life‐history phenology in an annual prairie legume
Authors: Nashoba Amber R. , Kono Thomas J. Y. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs the environment changes, so too must plant communities and populations if they are to persist. Life‐history transitions and their timing are often the traits that are most responsive to changing environmental conditions. To compare the contributions of plasticity and natural selective response to variation in germination and flowering phenology, we performed a quantitative genetic study of phenotypic selection on Chamaecrista fasciculata (Fabaceae) across two consecutive years in a restored tallgrass prairie. The earliest dates of germination and flowering were recorded for two parental cohorts and one progeny cohort in an experimental garden. Environmental differences between years were the largest contributors to phenological variation in this population. In addition, there was substantial heritability for flowering time and statistically significant selection for advancement of flowering. Comparison between a progeny cohort and its preselection parental cohort indicated a change in mean flowering time consistent with the direction of selection. Selection on germination time was weaker than that on flowering time, while environmental effects on germination time were stronger. The response to selection on flowering time was detectable when accounting for the effect of the environment on phenotypic differences, highlighting the importance of controlling for year‐to‐year environmental variation in quantitative genetic studies.
Investigation of multistage injection strategies in a DISI engine fueled with methane under stratified charge lean combustion conditions
Authors: Firat Mujdat 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA three‐dimensional numerical study has been performed to study combustion and emission of methane in a stratified charge direct injection spark ignition engines under the multistage injection strategies. Firstly, the combustion and emission characteristics of a single‐injection strategy were investigated, and then the effects of two‐stage and three‐stage injection strategies of the injected fuel on combustion and emissions were analyzed. This simulation was run from intake valve opening to exhaust valve opening under stratified charge conditions using the ANSYS Forte numerical software. The Discrete Particle Ignition Kernel Flame model was used to investigate the ignition process and also the combustion and flame propagation were simulated with the G‐equation model. The numerical results show that the multistage injection strategies achieve a significant improvement in the cylinder pressure and combustion efficiency, while reducing NOx, CO, and unburned hydrocarbon emissions compared to single‐injection strategy under stratified charge conditions. Also, the efficient multistage injection strategies enhanced the benefits of the emission reduction in the stratified lean combustion with additional increases of combustion efficient.
Experimental and parametric investigation of effects of built‐in staircases on the dynamics of RC buildings
Authors: Mir Faizan Ul Haq , Rai Durgesh C. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryPast earthquakes, in many instances, have demonstrated poor performance of commonly used built‐in staircase configurations. Codal provisions in India pertaining to staircases present a rather simple approach wherein the effects of built‐in staircases on the overall dynamic properties or on the local behavior of structures are not addressed explicitly. Studies in the past have highlighted the scale of such effects, but most of them have relied completely on analytical models of buildings. This study analyzes the adequacy of the codal provisions by investigating two finite element (FE) models calibrated using ambient and forced vibration measurements. The effects of variations in building height, layout of staircase in plan, and presence of masonry infill walls in stairwells are also examined. The codal guidelines regarding empirical estimation of period and provision of enclosure walls around built‐in staircases are found to be adequate. However, for the case of built‐in staircases without enclosure walls, the force and displacement demands on landing beams are found to be considerably high. Drift‐based approaches to estimate these demands are proposed.
Nature and efficacy of interventions addressing eating psychopathology in athletes: A systematic review of randomised and nonrandomised trials
Authors: Sandgren Sebastian S. , Haycraft Emma , Plateau Carolyn R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to evaluate the nature of interventions addressing eating psychopathology in athletes, identify the characteristics of successful interventions, and review the efficacy of interventions at reducing or preventing eating psychopathology.MethodSPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were searched to identify studies addressing eating psychopathology in athletes, which included an outcome measure of disordered eating.ResultsSeventeen studies (11 randomised controlled trials, six nonrandomised trials) reporting data on 13 interventions were included. The methodological quality was observed to be generally low. All interventions (11 implemented in North America) were delivered face to face in groups with variable duration and intensity. Thirteen studies reported significant reductions in athletes' eating psychopathology following the intervention, with seven reporting sustained effects (small to moderate). Successful interventions were characterised by higher intervention dosage, higher retention, and incorporated a focus on self‐esteem and self‐efficacy.ConclusionThe complex nature of interventions, combined with a lack of evaluation data and poor methodological quality, limits the scaling and refinement of many interventions. Future research should explore other modes of delivery, collect evaluation data, and adhere to clearer study reporting. Doing this will consequently improve the development and delivery of effective eating psychopathology interventions offered to athletes more widely.
Optimized Power System Management Scheme for LSS PV Grid Integration in Malaysia Using Reactive Power Compensation Technique
Authors: Mohanan Mahesh , Go Yun Ii 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA large‐scale solar photovoltaic system (LSS PV) aims to reduce the gap as Malaysia plans to shift electricity generation from conventional sources like fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. The government plans to increase renewable energy to 20% of the generation mix by 2025. The first and second round of Malaysia's LSS programme has 958 MW of PV projects to be realized by 2020. The third round of the LSS program goes for an aggregate capacity of 500 MW. Being an intermittent source of energy, the major complication is with grid integration of the LSS PV system into the national power grid. This research aims to identify an optimum power system management scheme for LSS in Malaysia to stabilize voltage fluctuations by utilizing IEEE bus configuration. The simulation and planning of network type is based on PSS/E and PVSyst. The expected outcome of this research is to develop a solution for LSS grid integration with minimal loss in the system and in accordance with electricity standards as per Malaysian grid code. Additionally, the harmony of incorporating power electronic devices for reactive power compensation is tested. This work can be stated as a reference model for utility provider in other countries having similar network and grid configuration.