bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing how we approach fisheries: A first attempt at an operational framework for ecosystem approaches to fisheries management
Authors: Link Jason S. , Huse Geir , Gaichas Sarah , Marshak Anthony R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe increasing need to account for the many factors that influence fish population dynamics, particularly those external to the population, has led to repeated calls for an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM). Yet systematically and clearly addressing these factors, and hence implementing EAFM, has suffered from a lack of clear operational guidance. Here, we propose 13 main factors (shift in location, migration route or timing, overfishing (three types), decrease in physiology, increase in predation, increase in competition, decrease in prey availability, increase in disease or parasites and a decline in habitat quality or habitat quantity) that can negatively influence fish populations via mechanisms readily observable in ~20 population features. Using these features as part of a diagnostic framework, we develop flow charts that link probable mechanism(s) underlying population change to the most judicious management actions. We then apply the framework for example case studies that have well‐known and documented population dynamics. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to provide a clearly defined matrix of all the probable responses to the most common factors influencing fish populations, and to examine possible diagnostics simultaneously, comparatively and relatively in an attempt to elucidate the most probable mechanisms responsible. The framework we propose aims to operationalize EAFM, thereby not only better diagnosing factors influencing fish populations, but also suggesting the most appropriate management interventions, and ultimately leading to improved fisheries. We assert the framework proposed should result in both better use of limited analytical and observational resources and more tailored and effective management actions.
GPER‐mediated, oestrogen‐dependent visceral hypersensitivity in stressed rats is associated with mast cell tryptase and histamine expression
Authors: Xu Shaoxian , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhao Jing , Yang Suzhen , Dong Lei , Qin Bin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVisceral hypersensitivity (VH) is common in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and female patients are more likely to seek healthcare services for IBS‐related abdominal pain. Oestrogen has been reported to mediate pain modulation via its receptor, and mast cells are known to participate in the development of visceral hypersensitivity. Our previous studies showed that the G‐protein‐coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER, also known as GPR30) was expressed by mast cells in human colonic tissues and was associated with IBS type and severity of visceral pain. However, whether GPER is involved in oestrogen‐dependent visceral hypersensitivity via mast cell degranulation is still unknown. Rats were subjected to wrap partial restraint stress to induce visceral hypersensitivity and were ovariectomized (OVX) to eliminate the effects of oestrogen on visceral hypersensitivity. OVX rats were treated with oestrogen, an oestrogen receptor α and β antagonist (ICI 182.780), a GPER antagonist (G15) or a GPER agonist (G1), to evaluate the effects of oestrogen via its receptor. The colorectal distention test was performed to assess visceral sensitivity. Immunofluorescence studies were performed to evaluate GPER and mast cell tryptase co‐expression. Mast cell number with degranulation was detected by specific staining. Mast cell tryptase expression in rat colon was also investigated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Substance P and histamine expression were examined by ELISA. GPER was expressed by the majority of tryptase‐positive mast cells in the colonic mucosa. Stressed rats showed increased visceral sensitivity, increased mast cell degranulation, mast cell tryptase expression, and increased colon histamine levels. Ovariectomy reduced stress‐induced VH in female rats and decreased mast cell degranulation, mast cell tryptase expression, and histamine levels, whereas oestrogen replacement reversed these effects. In OVX rats, the GPER antagonist G15 counteracted the enhancing effects of oestrogen on stress‐induced VH, mast cell degranulation, mast cell tryptase, and histamine expression, whereas VH was preserved after treatment with ICI 182.780. On the other hand, pretreatment with the selective GPER agonist G1 at doses between 1 and 20 μg/kg significantly increased VH, mast cell tryptase, and histamine expression in OVX‐stressed rats, mimicking the effects of oestrogen. GPER plays a pivotal role in the regulation of mast cell degranulation, mast cell tryptase expression, and histamine levels and contributes to the development of colonic hypersensitivity in a female rat model of IBS.
Factors influencing the abundance of three common nearshore fishes in south‐west Lake Michigan
Authors: Stacy‐Duffy William L. , Thomas Sara M. , Wahl David H. , Czesny Sergiusz J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVariation in the distribution and abundance of nearshore fishes is critical to understand food web processes and fishery management issues in Lake Michigan. This study characterised patterns in abundance of three common nearshore species, yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchell), round goby Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas) and alewife Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson), in relation to spatio‐temporal, abiotic and biotic factors using gillnet sampling conducted across 5 years at multiple locations representing different substrates. Significant variations were observed in alewife and round goby catches between locations. A negative relationship between round goby and age‐0 yellow perch catch was observed, indicating potential competition between the two species. This study demonstrates that variability in nearshore fish communities can be driven by factors including substrate and interspecific interactions. Given the prominent role these species play in Lake Michigan's food web and thus their importance to fishery production, a thorough understanding of these factors is warranted.
Current state of play regarding dental extractions in patients with haemophilia: Consensus or evidence‐based practice? A review of the literature
Authors: Bajkin Branislav , Dougall Alison 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDue to the global prevalence of oral disease, tooth extraction is the most common surgical procedure required in general population thus likely to be similarly common in patients with haemophilia, especially those in older age and those living in countries with restricted resources. There are little or no consensus about optimal level and duration of factor replacement (FRP) therapy required to prevent bleeding complication following surgery and low levels of evidence to inform protocols and guidelines. The goal of this article was to review the literature regarding haematological treatment protocols and to assess their effectiveness in prevention of bleeding complications during and after tooth extractions in people with haemophilia. A total number of 29 articles were identified. Only two of the studies were randomized controlled trials, and meta‐analysis was not possible. Significant heterogeneity regarding haematological regimes, dental surgical procedures, disease severity and sample size of published studies which are unable to reliably inform the provision of safe dental surgery was noted. Based on the haematological regimens, all studies were classified into one of three groups: pre‐ and postoperative FRP or DDAVP, single preoperative FRP or DDAVP, and no FRP treatment. The overall reported bleeding rate in case of both pre‐ and postoperative FRP and single dose FRP preoperative is similar, 11.9% and 11.4%, respectively, indicating that minimizing the use of clotting factor concentrate is possible if proper local haemostatic measures are provided. Strictly designed prospective studies with higher number of patients are necessary to get firm conclusions about optimal FRP treatment required to prevent bleeding complications during and after oral surgery in patients with haemophilia.
Familial “Diplegic” Migraine – Description of a Family With a Novel CACNA1A Mutation
Authors: Sprouse Blum Adam S. , Couperus Cody J. , Rosen Brian J. , Haskin‐Leahy Leanne F. , Shapiro Robert E. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo characterize phenotypes of a novel CACNA1A mutation causing familial hemiplegic migraine type 1.BackgroundFamilial hemiplegic migraine is a rare monogenic form of migraine associated with attacks of fully reversible unilateral motor weakness. We now report a novel CACNA1A gene mutation associated with fully reversible bilateral motor weakness (diplegia).MethodsThe proband underwent genotyping which identified a novel CACNA1A missense mutation (c.622 [isoform 1] G > A [p.Gly208Arg]). To characterize phenotypes associated with this novel mutation, the proband and 8 of her similarly affected family members underwent a semi‐structured interview.ResultsAll 9 subjects who were interviewed met ICHD‐3 phenotypic diagnostic criteria for FHM, including reporting attacks with reversible unilateral motor weakness. Additionally, 7 of 9 subjects reported attacks including reversible motor weakness affecting both sides of the body simultaneously.ConclusionsWe describe a novel CACNA1A mutation associated with migraine attacks including reversible diplegia.
The Risks or Lack Thereof of Migraine Treatments in Vascular Disease
Authors: Diener Hans‐Christoph 
Published: January 2020

PremisesPatients with migraine have a co‐morbidity with vascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke.ProblemThis overview gives recommendations for the therapy of acute migraine attacks and for migraine prevention in patients with vascular diseases. In particular, the use of triptans in patients with vascular diseases is discussed.Potential SolutionsCurrently, there is a contraindication for the use of the triptans in patients with vascular disease, although there is no evidence that triptans increase the risk of heart attacks or stroke.
Improved corrosion resistance of Al2O3‐SiC‐C castables through in situ carbon containing aluminate cement as binder
Authors: Yang Shoulei , Xiao Guoqing , Ding Donghai , Yu Xinmin , Guan Li , Gao Jianying 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSlag corrosion is one of the main damage modes for refractory castables used in iron and steel metallurgy. The matrix plays vital roles for corrosion resistance of refractory castables. In the present paper, the properties of the Al2O3‐SiC‐C‐based trough castables with in situ carbon containing calcium aluminate cement (CCAC) and ball pitch as carbon sources, respectively, were comparatively investigated. The microstructures of the trough castables after corrosion were observed by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that after being corroded at 1450°C for 3 hours, the corrosion depth of Al2O3‐SiC‐C‐castables with CCAC as binder (A2) was 1.2 mm, 65.71% lower than that of the trough castables with ball pitch as carbon source (A1), though the content of carbon materials in the former was much lower than that of the latter. The reasons for these observations were that the in situ carbon materials of CCAC exhibit improved distribution in the matrices of castables and excellent oxidation resistance, resulting in lower porosity within the castables, and hindered the penetration of the molten slag at high temperatures. In addition, the Al2O3‐SiC‐C‐castables bonded by CCAC displayed good mechanical properties at room temperature and elevated temperature.
Thermodynamic descriptions of the light rare‐earth elements in silicon carbide ceramics
Authors: Xu Kai , Chang Keke , Zhou Xiaobing , Chen Leilei , Liu Junwen , Deng Zixuan , Huang Feng , Huang Qing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Y3Si2C2 coating on the silicon carbide (SiC) powders is reported to improve the sintering process, but the relatively high sintering temperature (1600°C) restricts the engineering application. A series of thermodynamic descriptions for the SiC with light rare‐earth elements are desired to develop potential SiC‐RE3Si2C2 core‐shell structures as sintering aids with lower temperatures. Coupling the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagram) approach and first‐principles calculations, we have investigated the RE‐Si‐C (RE = La, Ce and Pr) systems. In the SiC‐RE3Si2C2 core‐shell structures, the RE3Si2C2 phases can react with SiC via ternary eutectic reactions at 810°C, 747°C, and 1148°C respectively. The predicted thermal behaviors of the Pr3Si2C2 phase were further confirmed by our key experiments. Therefore, our database can be used to predict promising sintering aids and guide the subsequent processes.
Do bigger bodies require bigger radiators? Insights into thermal ecology from closely related marine mammal species and implications for ecogeographic rules
Authors: Adamczak Stephanie K. , Pabst D. Ann , McLellan William A. , Thorne Lesley H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine if marine mammals follow ecogeographic rules. We examined Bergmann's rule and Allen's rule in two pilot whale species with contrasting latitudinal distributions.LocationNorthwest Atlantic Ocean.TaxonGlobicephala spp.MethodsWe analysed morphometric data collected from strandings of short‐ and long‐finned pilot whales in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean to assess intraspecific and interspecific variation in surface area to volume ratios (SA:V) of the body core and appendage surface area relative to body core SA (normalized appendage SA) using a novel 3D modelling method.ResultsOur results suggest that ecogeographic variation in morphometrics between the two pilot whale species is consistent with morphological adaptations required to balance heat conservation and heat dissipation. Interspecific differences in morphology supported Bergmann's rule for fully grown individuals: the more temperate long‐finned pilot whale had a larger body size and lower body core SA:V than the short‐finned pilot whale, which has a more tropical distribution. Allen's rule was not supported; when all appendages were considered together, long‐finned pilot whales had larger normalized SA than short‐finned pilot whales. However, the pectoral flippers were the primary driver of this relationship; while long‐finned pilot whales had proportionally larger pectoral flippers, short‐finned pilot whales had proportionally larger dorsal fins and flukes. In addition, larger long‐finned pilot whales (i.e. males and mature individuals) had proportionally larger pectoral flippers than smaller long‐finned pilot whales.Main ConclusionsPilot whales follow Bergmann's rule but do not follow Allen's rule when fully mature. Thinly insulated appendages in marine mammals can be used to dissipate heat as the core warms, and larger and better insulated marine mammals may require relatively larger appendages in order to offload heat and thermoregulate effectively. Our results provide novel insight into ecogeographic rules and suggest that species in higher latitude climates towards the poles will demonstrate tradeoffs between core body heat conservation and appendage heat dissipation.
Silencing of LINC00461 enhances radiosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells by down‐regulating HOXA10 via microRNA‐195
Authors: Hou Jiqiu , Wang Yanjun , Zhang Hongmei , Hu Yuxin , Xin Xiuqin , Li Xiaodan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma is recognized as one of the most recurrent tumours in adults. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non–protein‐coding transcripts and have been demonstrated to regulate biological functions during tumorigenesis. Our study aims to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of LINC00461/microRNA‐195 (miR‐195)/HOXA10 responsible for its involvement in lung adenocarcinoma. We firstly selected differentially expressed lncRNAs and genes by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The functional role of LINC00461 in lung adenocarcinoma was then determined using ectopic expression, knockdown and reporter assay experiments. Besides, we detected the expression profiles of LINC00461, miR‐195, HOXA10 and apoptosis‐ and invasion‐related genes. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated. In vivo tumour formation ability was analysed. Overexpressed LINC00461 and HOXA10 but down‐regulated miR‐195 were observed in primary and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. LINC00461 negatively regulated miR‐195, while miR‐195 negatively regulated HOXA10. Forced LINC00461 expression decreased expression of miR‐195 and Bax, increased expression of HOXA10, MMP‐2, MMP‐9 and Bcl‐2, promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as tumour formation, and enhanced radiosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells. However, these effects were reversed by lentivirus‐mediated miR‐195–forced expression, thereby suggesting that miR‐195 could antagonize the harmful effect of LINC00461 on lung adenocarcinoma cells. Collectively, the present study provides evidence supporting the inhibitory effect of LINC00461 silencing on lung adenocarcinoma, which suppresses lung adenocarcinoma cell migration, invasion and radiosensitivity via HOXA10 by binding to miR‐195, which provides a promising basis for the targeted intervention treatment for human lung adenocarcinoma.
Translational issues for mitoprotective agents as adjunct to reperfusion therapy in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Bøtker Hans Erik , Cabrera‐Fuentes Hector Alejandro , Ruiz‐Meana Marisol , Heusch Gerd , Ovize Michel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPre‐clinical studies have indicated that mitoprotective drugs may add cardioprotection beyond rapid revascularization, antiplatelet therapy and risk modification. We review the clinical efficacy of mitoprotective drugs that have progressed to clinical testing comprising cyclosporine A, KAI‐9803, MTP131 and TRO 40303. Whereas cyclosporine may reduce infarct size in patients undergoing primary angioplasty as evaluated by release of myocardial ischaemic biomarkers and infarct size imaging, the other drugs were not capable of demonstrating this effect in the clinical setting. The absent effect leaves the role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore for reperfusion injury in humans unanswered and indicates that targeting one single mechanism to provide mitoprotection may not be efficient. Moreover, the lack of effect may relate to favourable outcome with current optimal therapy, but conditions such as age, sex, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and concurrent medications may also alter mitochondrial function. However, as long as the molecular structure of the pore remains unknown and specific inhibitors of its opening are lacking, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore remains a target for alleviation of reperfusion injury. Nevertheless, taking conditions such as ageing, sex, comorbidities and co‐medication into account may be of paramount importance during the design of pre‐clinical and clinical studies testing mitoprotective drugs.
Dracorhodin perchlorate inhibits osteoclastogenesis through repressing RANKL‐stimulated NFATc1 activity
Authors: Liu Yuhao , Wang Ziyi , Ma Chao , Wei Zhenquan , Chen Kai , Wang Chao , Zhou Chi , Chen Leilei , Zhang Qingwen , Chen Zhenqiu , He Wei , Xu Jiake 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOsteolytic skeletal disorders are caused by an imbalance in the osteoclast and osteoblast function. Suppressing the differentiation and resorptive function of osteoclast is a key strategy for treating osteolytic diseases. Dracorhodin perchlorate (D.P), an active component from dragon blood resin, has been used for facilitating wound healing and anti‐cancer treatments. In this study, we determined the effect of D.P on osteoclast differentiation and function. We have found that D.P inhibited RANKL‐induced osteoclast formation and resorbed pits of hydroxyapatite‐coated plate in a dose‐dependent manner. D.P also disrupted the formation of intact actin‐rich podosome structures in mature osteoclasts and inhibited osteoclast‐specific gene and protein expressions. Further, D.P was able to suppress RANKL‐activated JNK, NF‐κB and Ca2+ signalling pathways and reduces the expression level of NFATc1 as well as the nucleus translocation of NFATc1. Overall, these results indicated a potential therapeutic effect of D.P on osteoclast‐related conditions.
Artificial neural networks allow response prediction in squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Damiani G. , Grossi E. , Berti E. , Conic R.R.Z. , Radhakrishna U. , Pacifico A. , Bragazzi N.L. , Piccinno R. , Linder D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpithelial neoplasms of the scalp account for approximately 2% of all skin cancers and for about 10–20% of the tumours affecting the head and neck area. Radiotherapy is suggested for localized cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) without lymph node involvement, multiple or extensive lesions, for patients refusing surgery, for patients with a poor general medical status, as adjuvant for incompletely excised lesions and/or as a palliative treatment. To date, prognostic risk factors in scalp cSCC patients are poorly characterized.ObjectiveTo identify patterns of patients with higher risk of postradiotherapy recurrence.MethodsA retrospective observational study was performed on scalp cSCC patients with histological diagnosis who underwent conventional radiotherapy (50–120 kV) (between 1996 and 2008, follow‐up from 1 to 140 months, median 14 months). Out of the 79 enrolled patients, 22 (27.8%) had previously undergone a surgery. Two months after radiotherapy, 66 (83.5%) patients achieved a complete remission, 6 (7.6%) a partial remission, whereas 2 (2.5%) proved non‐responsive to the treatment and 5 cases were lost to follow‐up. Demographical and clinical data were preliminarily analysed with classical descriptive statistics and with principal component analysis. All data were then re‐evaluated with a machine learning‐based approach using a 4th generation artificial neural networks (ANNs)‐based algorithm.ResultsArtificial neural networks analysis revealed four scalp cSCC profiles among radiotherapy responsive patients, not previously described: namely, (i) stage T2 cSCC type, aged 70–80 years; (ii) frontal cSCC type, aged <70 years; (iii) non‐recurrent nodular or nodulo‐ulcerated, stage T3 cSCC type, of the vertex and treated with >60 Grays (Gy); and (iv) flat, occipital, stage T1 cSCC type, treated with 50–59 Gy. The model uncovering these four predictive profiles displayed 85.7% sensitivity, 97.6% specificity and 91.7% overall accuracy.ConclusionsPatient profiling/phenotyping with machine learning may be a new, helpful method to stratify patients with scalp cSCCs who may benefit from a RT‐treatment.