bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent Educational Intervention Program for Improving Parental Knowledge, Self-efficacy and Health Related Quality of life in Children with Sickle Cell Disease Using Smartphone Technology: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: NASIRI YUSRA AL , Jacob Eufemia , Lee Eunice , Nyamathi Adey , Brecht Mary-Lynn , Robbins Wendie A , Mawali Adhra Al 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder that increases the risk for recurrent painful episodes. Parents’ knowledge regarding SCD management is poor, leading to poor symptom management and lower Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in children with SCD. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a parent educational intervention program ( PEIP ) on the parental knowledge, self-efficacy and perception of the HRQOL of their children with SCD.Methods Two groups of Omani parents of children with SCD were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=37) receiving PEIP accessed on a smartphone + weekly phone reinforcement for four weeks, or a control group (n=35) receiving Standard Educational Program (SEP) as part of standard of care. Outcome measures were knowledge, self-efficacy and HRQOL of children with SCD. Knowledge Questionnaire, Self-Efficacy Scale, and HRQOL-SCD + HRQOL-GENERIC were administered twice (at enrollment, and 4 weeks after enrollment). Statistical Pakage for Social Science, version 24 was used for data analyses.Results Parents’ knowledge and self-efficacy scores were significantly higher for the intervention group (PEIP) when compared to the SEP 4 weeks post intervention. Also, The total HRQOL scores were higher at 4 weeks compared to baseline, and were also higher in the PEIP compared to the SEP. Parents’ knowledge and self-efficacy were significant predictors of HRQOL in children with SCD.Conclusions PEIP delivered by using a smartphone was effective in improving the parents’ knowledge, self-efficacy in symptom management, and parent and child perception of HRQOL. PEIP was innovative in that it targeted all dimensions of HRQOL in children with SCD. Finally, the family played an important role in the process of care and therefore, developing family-based interventions is the key factor for improving HRQOL in children with SCD. The study highlighted the effectiveness of smartphone technology for delivering a high quality educational intervention program for parents and their families.
Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and the risk of the type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis based on 40 case–control studies
Authors: Makoui Masoud Hassanzadeh , Aslani Saeed , Mohammadi Payam , Razi Bahman , imani danyal 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective The association between the vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) gene polymorphisms and the risk of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been evaluated in several studies. However, the findings were inconclusive. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the effect of VDR gene polymorphisms on the risk of T1DM.Methods All relevant studies reporting the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to T1DM published up to July 2019 were identified by comprehensive systematic database search in web of science, Scopus, and PubMed. Strength of association were assessed by calculating of pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The methodological quality of each study was assessed according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity was also conducted.Results A total of 40 case–control studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results of overall population rejected any significant association between VDR gene polymorphisms and T1DM risk. However, the pooled results of subgroup analysis revealed significant negative and positive associations between FokI and BsmI genes polymorphism and T1DM in African and American populations, respectively.Conclusions This meta-analysis suggested a significant association between VDR gene polymorphism and T1DM susceptibility in ethnic-specific analysis.
Mitochondrial tRNA methylation in Alzheimer’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Silzer Talisa K. , Pathak Gita A. , Phillips Nicole 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Methylation of mitochondrial tRNAs (mt-tRNA) at the 9th position (“p9 site”) is known to impact translational efficiency and downstream mitochondrial function; however, direct assessment of mt-RNA methylation is challenging. Recent RNA sequence-based methods have been developed to reliably identify post-transcriptional methylation. Though p9 methylation has been studied in healthy human populations and in the context of cancer, it has not yet been analyzed in neurodegenerative disease, where mitochondrial dysfunction is a prominent and early hallmark of disease progression.Results Here we show variable methylation at 11 p9 sites in post-mortem cerebellar tissue of elderly subjects who were either healthy or diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) or pathological aging (PA). Similarities in degree of methylation were observed between AD and PSP. Expression of 5300 genes was significantly correlated with p9 methylation, with AD and PSP subjects exhibiting similar expression profiles. The top 100 transcripts were found to be enriched for mitochondrial-related toxicity. Overrepresentation testing using the top 1000 transcripts revealed enrichment for a number of molecular processes and terms including some which were mitochondrial-related.Conclusion With mitochondrial dysfunction being an established hallmark of neurodegenerative disease pathophysiology, this work sheds light on the potential molecular underpinnings of this dysfunction. Here we show overlap in cerebellar pathophysiology between common tauopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Whether p9 hypermethylation is a cause or consequence of pathology remains an area of focus.
Force Production during the Sustained Phase of Rugby Scrums: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Martin Eric , Beckham George 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Since World Rugby changed the laws regarding scrums in the 2013-2014 season, the sustained push phase of the scrum has become of greater tactical importance. Therefore, the purpose of this sytematic literature review was to examine the biomechanical demands during the sustained push phase of individual, unit, and full pack scrummaging.Methods: Pubmed, EBSCO (specifically and simultaneously searching Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus), and Google Scholar were searched for any research that presented force production in a live or simulated rugby scrum. Study quality was appraised using the National Institute of Health's Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Recorded scrum forces, positioning of players including joint angles, and testing procedures were extracted and narratively synthesized.Results: Twenty six studies were included in the review. 50% of included studies were rated good, 31% fair, and 19% poor. Major limitations included not reporting any effect size, statistical power, or reliability. Reported group mean values for average sustained forces against a machine generally ranged from 1000-2000 N in individual scrums and 4000-8000 N for full packs of male rugby players older than high school age. Individuals seem to optimize their force generation when their shoulders are set against scrum machine pads at approximately 40% of body height, with feet parallel, and with knee and hip angles around 120°. A 10% difference in pack force seems to be necessary for one pack to drive another back in the scrum, but little data exist to quantify differences in force production between winning and losing packs during live scrums. Data collection within studies was not standardized, making comparisons difficult. There is a lack of data in live scrums, and the current research indicates that machine scrums may not replicate many of the demands of live scrums. There is a lack of data for female rugby players.Conclusions: This review indicates an optimal individual body position for players to strive to achieve during scrummaging, consisting of a low body height (40% of stature) and large extended hip and knee angles (120° each).
Environmental and Genetic Regulation of Plant Height in Soybean
Authors: Yang Qing , Lin Gaoming , Lv Huiyong , Wang Cunhu , Yang Yongqing , Liao Hong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Shoot architecture is fundamentally crucial to crop growth and productivity. As a key component of shoot architecture, plant height is known to be controlled by both genetic and environmental factors, though specific details remain scarce. Here, 308 representative soybean lines from a core collection and 168 F9:11 soybean progeny were planted at distinct field sites. The results demonstrated the presence of significant genotype × environment interaction effects on traits associated with plant height in a natural soybean population. In total, 19 loci containing 51 QTLs for plant height were identified across four environments, with 23, 13 and 15 being QTLs for SH, SNN and AIL, respectively. Significant LOD ranging from 2.50 to 16.46 explained 2.80%~26.10% of phenotypic variation. Intriguingly, only two loci, Loc11 and Loc19, containing 20 QTLs, were simultaneously detected across all environments. Results from Pearson correlation analysis and PCA revealed that each of the five agro-meteorological factors and four soil properties significantly affected soybean plant height traits, and that the corresponding QTLs had additive effects. Among significant environmental factors, AD, AMaT, pH, and AN had the largest impacts on soybean plant height. Therefore, in spite of uncontrollable agro-meteorological factors, soybean shoot architecture might be remolded through combined efforts to produce superior soybean genetic materials while also optimizing soil properties. Overall, the comprehensive set of relationships outlined herein among environment factors, soybean genotypes and QTLs in effects on plant height opens new avenues to explore in work aiming to increase soybean yield through improvements in shoot architecture.
Protection Mehcanism Against Drought In Axsonopus Compressus: Insight of Physio-Biochemical Traits, Antioxident Interplay and Gene Experssion
Authors: Nawaz Mohsin , Liao Li , Azeem Farrukh , Ashraf Umair , Zohaib Ali , Anjum Shakeel Ahmed , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Drought is a major environmental constraint that affects plant growth and internal physio-biochemical features. The present study was conducted to evaluate the performance of three different Axonopus compressus accessions, i.e., A-38, A-58, and A-59 under well-watered (WW), low drought (LD), moderate (MD) and severe drought (SD) conditions at field capacity of 100, 80, 60, and 40%, respectively. Results indicated that drought-induced higher production of proline and soluble sugar (SS) up to 40 and 41% respectively, than control. Drought stress caused excessive production of H 2 O 2 while the highest value (10.15µmol g -1 FW) was observed in the A-38 under SD. However, the lowest enzymatic (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX) activity were observed in A-38 than A-58 and A-59 respectively, in the SD. In A-58 the efficient enzymatic and nonenzymatic defense systems hinder the severe damage while stunted growth occurred in Axonopus compressus accessions at SD which were more pronounced in the A-38. Overall, the performance of all Axonopus compressus accessions under drought stress was recorded as A-58>A-59>A-38. The qRT PCR expression analysis also revealed highest expression of drought responsive genes in A-58 and reinforced the findings of physiological data. These results suggested the plant's ability to maintain its functions during drought induction could be used for further investigation under scarce water for developing drought tolerance.
Structure guided protein engineering increases enzymatic activities of the SGNH family esterases
Authors: Li Zhengyang , Li Long , Huo Yingyi , Chen Zijun , Zhao Yu , Huang Jing , Jian Shuling , Rong Zhen , Wu Di , Gan Jianhua , Hu Xiaojian , Li Jixi , Xu Xue-Wei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Esterases and lipases hydrolyze short-chain esters and long-chain triglycerides, respectively, and therefore play key roles in the synthesis and decomposition of ester bonds in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Many SGNH family esterases share high similarity in sequences, however, they have distinct enzymatic activities toward the same substrates. Due to lack of structural information, the detailed catalytic mechanisms of these esterases remain barely investigated.Results In this study, we identified two SGNH family esterases, CrmE10 and AlinE4, from marine bacteria with significantly different preferences for pH, temperature, metal ion and organic solvent tolerance despite of high sequence similarity. The crystal structures of these two esterases, including wild type and mutants, were determined to high resolutions ranging from 1.18 Å to 2.24 Å. Both CrmE10 and AlinE4 were composed of five β-strands and nine α-helices, which formed one compact N-terminal α/β globular domain and one extended C-terminal domain. The aspartic residues (D178 in CrmE10/ D162 in AlinE4) stabilized the conformations of the catalytic triad (Ser-Asp-His) in both esterases, and the metal ion Cd 2+ reduced enzymatic activity by blocking proton transfer and substrate binding. CrmE10 and AlinE4 showed distinctly different electrostatic surface potentials, despite of the similar atomic architectures and a similar swap catalytic mechanism. When five negative charged residues (Asp or Glu) were mutated to residue Lys, CrmE10 obtained elevated alkaline-adaptability and significantly increased the enzymatic activity from 0% to 20% at pH 10.5. In addition, CrmE10 mutants exhibited dramatically change for enzymatic properties when compared with wide-type enzyme.Conclusions These findings offer a perspective for understanding the catalytic mechanism of different esterases and might facilitate the industrial biocatalytic applications.
Factors influencing Adolescent Attitudes towards HIV/AIDS Prevention In Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Authors: Meilani Niken , Barasa Sammy Onyapidi , Setiyawati Nanik 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and objective: In 2015, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was the eighth leading cause of death among adolescents worldwide. A third of them were infected during the adolescence period. Without investing in adolescent health and well-being, the current global target of ending HIV as a public health threat by 2030 may not be realized. HIV prevention in adolescents is particularly important as it not only benefits then now, but also as future adults as well as future generations. Attitude is one indicator of a person's behavior or action. However, little is known about the factors that influence adolescent’s attitudes towards prevention of HIV/AIDS. The aim of this study was to establish the determinants of adolescents’ attitude towards prevention of HIV AIDS among adolescents. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 370 high school students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS and involved univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The internet and television were the major sources of information on reproductive health and HIV among the adolescents (98.9%) and (98.4%) respectively. The significant determinants of adolescents attitude towards HIV/AIDS prevention were the level of knowledge (p = 0.028) and self-efficacy (p = 0.034). Multivariate analysis showed that those respondents with positive self-efficacy were 1.6 times more likely to have a positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS prevention than those who had a negative self-efficacy. Programs which target mass media strategy for prevention can leverage the television and internet. Stakeholders can target on interventions that can improve adolescent’s self-efficacy so as to achieve HIV prevention goals. Keywords: Self-efficacy, Prevention of HIV/AIDS, Adolescents, Attitudes, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Estimating Utility value for Female Genital Mutilation
Authors: Alinia Cyrus , Piroozi Bakhtiar , Jahanbin Fariba , Safari Hossein , Mohamadi-Bolbanabad Amjad , Kazemi-Karyani Ali , Moradi Ghobad , Farhadifar Fariba , Ebrahimi Mohammad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a clear violation of women's rights and can have adverse and irreversible health effects as well. Worldwide, more than 200 million women and girls have undergone FGM/C. Utility value of FGM/C has not been estimated yet, so we designed this study to extract the health utility value of FGM/C for the first time in the world. Methods: In a cross-sectional study in Iran, 125 girls and women who underwent FGM/C procedure were examined by the trained midwives in order to determine its type. In addition, a questionnaire was completed for identifying the socio -demographic factors and extracting the health utility of these individuals . Health utility was measured using Time Trade-off method and also to determine the effects of the socio -demographic factors on the health utility a two-limit censored regression model was applied. Findings : The mean and median of the health utility of women with FGM/C were 0.971 (SE: 0.003) and 0.968 (IQR: 1-0.95), respectively . Number of non-traders was 58 (46.4%) who reported perfect health utility. However, the mean of health utility among traders was 0.946 (SE: 0.002). Only type 1 (Clitoridectomy) and type 2 (Excision) FGM/C were seen in this study. Women with Type 1 FGM/C had significantly lower health utility value (Mean: 0.968, Median: 0.957) than their type 2 counterparts (Mean: 0.987, Median: 1.00). Moreover, women in the age group of 31-45 years (Mean: 0.962, Median: 0.956), single (Mean: 0.950, Median: 0.954), divorced (Mean: 0.951, Median: 0.950), employed (Mean: 0.959, Median: 0.956), and with supplementary insurance (Mean: 0.962, Median: 0.950) had significantly lower health utility than their counterparts . Conclusion: FGM/C affects physical and psychological well-being of these individuals, resulting in a lack of personal and marital satisfaction, which ultimately leads to a 3% reduction in their health related quality of life. Therefore, preventing from this practice is very important and should be considered by health system policy makers more than before .
The prevalence of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases in uropathogenic isolates of Escherichia coli in a tertiary care hospital in Southwest Iran
Authors: Motamedifar Mohammad , Mohebi Samane , Hadadi Mahtab , Amirzadegan Hamideh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives: The spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC) in Escherichia coli ( E. coli) is an important public health concern and ESBL-producing bacteria are commonly reported in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The aim of this study is to determine the molecular detection of AmpC and ESBLs, among clinical E. coli isolated from inpatients who presented with symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) in Shiraz, the southwest of Iran. Results: Among total 177 urinary isolates, the analysis showed that 46.3% of the isolates were ESBLs positive and that fifteen strains revealed the AmpC cluster genes. Among all ESBL-positive E. coli isolates, the CTX-M was the most prevalent ESBL type (68.2%), and in AmpC-positive isolates, fifteen isolates (88.2%) were positive for CITM cluster gene and two (11.7%) were positive for DHAM cluster gene. ACCM, FOXM , EBCM and MOXM cluster genes were not found in this study. Our findings revealed that the prevalence of AmpC β-lactamases is rising in Iran, leading to failure in treatment. Therefore, the current study recommended that accurate and precise methods and guidelines should be designed for detection of antibiotic-resistant mechanisms because it is very important for the treatment and prevention of such isolates.
Inferring an animal's environment through biologging: quantifying the environmental contribution to animal movement
Authors: Eikelboom Jasper A.J. , de Knegt Henrik J. , Klaver Maayke , Langevelde Frank van , Wal Tamme van der , Prins Herbert H.T. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Animals respond to environmental variation by changing their movement in a multifaceted way. Recent advancements in biologging increasingly allow for detailed measurements of the multifaceted nature of movement, from descriptors of animal movement trajectories (e.g., using GPS) to descriptors of body part movements (e.g., using tri-axial accelerometers). Because this multivariate richness of movement data complicates inference on the environmental contribution to animal movement, studies generally use simplified movement descriptors in statistical analyses. However, doing so limits the inference on the environmental contribution to movement, as this requires that the multivariate richness of movement data can be fully considered in an analysis. Methods: We propose a data-driven analytic framework to quantify the environmental contribution to animal movement that can accommodate the multifaceted nature of animal movement. Instead of fitting the response of a simplified movement descriptor to a suite of environmental variables, our proposed framework centres on predicting an environmental variable from the full set of multivariate movement data, i.e., the reverse of the route of causal inference. The measure of fit of this prediction is taken to be the metric that quantifies how much of the environmental variation relates to the multivariate variation in animal movement. We demonstrate the usefulness of this framework through a case study about the contribution of grass availability and time since milking to cow movements using machine learning algorithms. Results: We show that on a one-hour timescale 37% of the variation in grass availability and 33% of time since milking contributed to cow movements. Grass availability contributed mostly to the cows’ neck movement during grazing, while time since milking contributed mostly to the movement through the landscape and the shared variation of accelerometer and GPS data (e.g., activity patterns). Furthermore, this framework proved to be insensitive to spurious correlations between environmental variables in quantifying the contribution to animal movement. Conclusions: Not only is our proposed framework well-suited to study the environmental contribution to animal movement; we argue that it can also be applied in any field that uses multivariate biologging data, e.g., animal physiology, to study the relationships between animals and their environment.