bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing Empirical Decision Points to Improve the Timing of Adaptive Digital Health Physical Activity Interventions in Youth: Survival Analysis
Authors: Ortega Adrian , Cushing Christopher C 
Published: May 2020

Background
Current digital health interventions primarily use interventionist-defined rules to guide the timing of intervention delivery. As new temporally dense data sets become available, it is possible to make decisions about the intervention timing empirically.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the timing of physical activity among youth to inform decision points (eg, timing of support) for future digital physical activity interventions.

Methods
This study comprised 113 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years (mean age 14.64, SD 1.48 years) who wore an accelerometer for 20 days. Multilevel survival analyses were used to estimate the most likely time of day (via odds ratios and hazard probabilities) when adolescents accumulated their average physical activity. The interacting effects of physical activity timing and moderating variables were calculated by entering predictors, such as gender, sports participation, and school day, into the model as main effects and tested for interactions with the time of day to determine conditional main effects of these predictors.

Results
On average, the likelihood that a participant would accumulate a typical amount of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity increased and peaked between 6 PM and 8 PM before decreasing sharply after 9 PM. Hazard and survival probabilities suggest that optimal decision points for digital physical activity programs could occur between 5 PM and 8 PM.

Conclusions
Overall, the findings of this study support the idea that the timing of physical activity can be empirically identified and that these markers may be useful as intervention triggers.
Requirements of Health Data Management Systems for Biomedical Care and Research: Scoping Review
Authors: Ismail Leila , Materwala Huned , Karduck Achim P , Adem Abdu 
Published: May 2020

Background
Over the last century, disruptive incidents in the fields of clinical and biomedical research have yielded a tremendous change in health data management systems. This is due to a number of breakthroughs in the medical field and the need for big data analytics and the Internet of Things (IoT) to be incorporated in a real-time smart health information management system. In addition, the requirements of patient care have evolved over time, allowing for more accurate prognoses and diagnoses. In this paper, we discuss the temporal evolution of health data management systems and capture the requirements that led to the development of a given system over a certain period of time. Consequently, we provide insights into those systems and give suggestions and research directions on how they can be improved for a better health care system.

Objective
This study aimed to show that there is a need for a secure and efficient health data management system that will allow physicians and patients to update decentralized medical records and to analyze the medical data for supporting more precise diagnoses, prognoses, and public insights. Limitations of existing health data management systems were analyzed.

Methods
To study the evolution and requirements of health data management systems over the years, a search was conducted to obtain research articles and information on medical lawsuits, health regulations, and acts. These materials were obtained from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the Association for Computing Machinery, Elsevier, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.

Results
Health data management systems have undergone a disruptive transformation over the years from paper to computer, web, cloud, IoT, big data analytics, and finally to blockchain. The requirements of a health data management system revealed from the evolving definitions of medical records and their management are (1) medical record data, (2) real-time data access, (3) patient participation, (4) data sharing, (5) data security, (6) patient identity privacy, and (7) public insights. This paper reviewed health data management systems based on these 7 requirements across studies conducted over the years. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of the temporal evolution of health data management systems giving insights into the system requirements for better health care.

Conclusions
There is a need for a comprehensive real-time health data management system that allows physicians, patients, and external users to input their medical and lifestyle data into the system. The incorporation of big data analytics will aid in better prognosis or diagnosis of the diseases and the prediction of diseases. The prediction results will help in the development of an effective prevention plan.
Help to Overcome Problems Effectively for Cancer Survivors: Development and Evaluation of a Digital Self-Management Program
Authors: Martin Faith , Wright Hayley , Moody Louise , Whiteman Becky , McGillion Michael , Clyne Wendy , Pearce Gemma , Turner Andy 
Published: May 2020

Background
People living with cancer face numerous psychosocial challenges, including cancer-related fatigue, fear of recurrence, and depression. There is a lack of digital interventions tailored to the needs of people living with all types of cancer. We developed a 6-week, digital, peer-delivered, self-management program: iHOPE (Help to Overcome Problems Effectively; where ‘i’ indicates the digital version of the program). The program is underpinned by positive psychology and cognitive behavioral therapy to meet these psychosocial challenges.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the iHOPE program among people living with cancer. Program adherence and satisfaction along with changes in psychological distress and positive well-being were measured.

Methods
A pre-post, acceptability, and feasibility design was used. People living with cancer (N=114) were recruited via a national cancer charity in the United Kingdom and were given access to the iHOPE program. Demographic and other participant characteristics were recorded. Participants completed digital measures at baseline and the end of the 6-week program for depression, anxiety, cancer-related fatigue, cancer worry or fear of cancer recurrence, positive mental well-being, hope, gratitude, and health status. The website’s system recorded data on the usage of the program. Satisfaction with the program was also measured.

Results
A total of 114 participants completed the baseline questionnaires. Of these, 70 people (61.4%) participated in all 6 sessions. The mean number of sessions undertaken was 5.0 (SD 1.5). Moreover, 44.7% (51/114) of participants completed at least three sessions and end-of-program outcome measures. A total of 59 participants completed the satisfaction questionnaire, where ≥90% (54/58) of participants reported that the program was easy to navigate and was well managed by the peer facilitators, and that they found the social networking tools useful. Preliminary efficacy testing among the 51 participants who completed baseline and postprogram outcome measures showed that postprogram scores decreased for depression, anxiety, cancer-related fatigue, and fear of recurrence (all P<.001) and increased for positive mental well-being (P<.001), hope (both P<.001), and gratitude (P=.02).

Conclusions
The feasibility evidence is promising, showing that the peer-delivered digital iHOPE program is acceptable and practical. Implementation of the iHOPE program on a wider scale will incorporate further research and development to maximize the completion rates of the measures. Initial effectiveness data suggest positive impacts on important cancer-related quality of life and mental well-being outcomes. A randomized controlled trial design with a longer follow-up is needed to confirm the potential of the iHOPE program for improving mental and physical health outcomes for cancer survivors.
Association of eHealth Literacy With Lifestyle Behaviors in University Students: Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tsukahara Saki , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Igarashi Futaba , Uruma Reiko , Ikuina Naomi , Iwakura Kaori , Koizumi Keisuke , Sato Yasunori 
Published: May 2020

Background
Maintenance of good health and a healthy lifestyle have significant impacts on the lives of university students. However, university students are prone to engage in risky health behaviors, resulting in impaired health status. Electronic health (eHealth) literacy is an important factor in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. However, no studies have assessed the eHealth literacy levels and the associated lifestyle behaviors among university students in Japan.

Objective
The purposes of this study were to clarify the eHealth literacy level, the participant characteristics associated with eHealth literacy, and the association of eHealth literacy with lifestyle behaviors of students in a Japanese university.

Methods
A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study of 3183 students at a national university in Japan was conducted. eHealth literacy was quantified using the Japanese version of the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS). The association between participant characteristics (gender, school year, department of study, and living status) and eHEALS score was assessed using t tests. Additionally, the associations of eHealth literacy with lifestyle behaviors (exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, etc.) were evaluated using logistic regression analyses.

Results
The mean eHEALS score was 23.6/40 points. The mean eHEALS score for students in medical departments was 27.0/40 points, which was 2.9 points higher than that of nonmedical students (P<.001). Similarly, the graduate school participants had higher scores than the undergraduate students. The proportion of participants who exercised regularly was higher in the high eHEALS score group than in the low score group, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.39 (P<.001).

Conclusions
The eHealth literacy level of university students in Japan was comparable to that of the general Japanese population. Graduate students, as well as those in medical departments, had higher eHealth literacy. Furthermore, students with higher eHealth literacy had better exercise routines.
Prospective Associations Between Working Time Arrangements and Psychiatric Treatment in Denmark: Protocol for a Cohort Study
Authors: Hannerz Harald , Albertsen Karen , Nielsen Martin Lindhardt , Garde Anne Helene 
Published: May 2020

Background
The burden of mental ill health in working-age populations has prompted research on possible links between work-related factors and mental ill health. Long working hours and night shift work are some of the factors that have been studied in relation to the risk of developing mental ill health. Yet, previous studies have not generated conclusive evidence, and further studies of high quality are needed.

Objective
This study aims to investigate the prospective association between working time arrangements and mental health in terms of psychotropic drug usage or psychiatric hospital treatment in the general working population of Denmark.

Methods
Data on total weekly working hours in any job and night shift work from the Danish Labor Force Survey 2000–2013 will be linked to data from the Psychiatric Central Research Register (expected 2400 cases during 700,000 person years at risk) and National Prescription Registry (expected 17,400 cases during 600,000 person years at risk). Participants will be followed for up to 5 years. We will use Poisson regression to separately analyze incidence rates of redeemed prescriptions for psychotropic medicine and incidence rates of psychiatric hospital treatment due to mood disorders, anxiety disorders, or stress-related disorders as a function of weekly working hours and night shift work. The analyses will be controlled for sex, age, calendar time of the interview, and socioeconomic status.

Results
This is a study protocol. Power calculations indicate that the study has sufficient statistical power to detect relatively small differences in risks and minor interactions (eg, ~90% power to detect a rate ratio of 1.1 for psychoactive medication use). We expect the analyses to be completed by the end of 2020 and the results to be published in 2021.

Conclusions
In this study protocol, all hypotheses and statistical models of the project have been completely defined before we link the exposure data to the outcome data. The results of the project will indicate to what extent and in what direction the national burden of mental ill health in Denmark has been influenced by long working hours and night shift work.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/18236
Preparation for Quarantine on the Cruise Ship Diamond Princess in Japan due to COVID-19
Authors: Yamahata Yoshihiro , Shibata Ayako 
Published: May 2020

Background
Japan implemented a large-scale quarantine on the Diamond Princess cruise ship in an attempt to control the spread of the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in February 2020.

Objective
We aim to describe the medical activities initiated and difficulties in implementing quarantine on a cruise ship.

Methods
Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for SARS-CoV-2 were performed for all 3711 people (2666 passengers and 1045 crew) on board.

Results
Of those tested, 696 (18.8%) tested positive for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), of which 410 (58.9%) were asymptomatic. We also confirmed that 54% of the asymptomatic patients with a positive RT-PCR result had lung opacities on chest computed tomography. There were many difficulties in implementing quarantine, such as creating a dividing traffic line between infectious and noninfectious passengers, finding hospitals and transportation providers willing to accept these patients, transporting individuals, language barriers, and supporting daily life. As of March 8, 2020, 31 patients (4.5% of patients with positive RT-PCR results) were hospitalized and required ventilator support or intensive care, and 7 patients (1.0% of patients with positive RT-PCR results) had died.

Conclusions
There were several difficulties in implementing large-scale quarantine and obtaining medical support on the cruise ship. In the future, we need to prepare for patients’ transfer and the admitting hospitals when disembarking the passengers. We recommend treating the crew the same way as the passengers to control the infection. We must also draw a plan for the future, to protect travelers and passengers from emerging infectious diseases on cruise ships.
Assessing the Real-Time Mental Health Challenges of COVID-19 in Individuals With Serious Mental Illnesses: Protocol for a Quantitative Study
Authors: Moore Raeanne Cristine , Depp Colin Andrew , Harvey Philip D , Pinkham Amy E 
Published: May 2020

Background
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused significant stress and mental health problems among the general public. However, persons at greatest risk for poor mental health outcomes, such as people with serious mental illness, have been largely overlooked.

Objective
This paper presents the protocol for a study that aims to examine the mental health impact of COVID-19 and social distancing behaviors in people with serious mental illness and the behaviors undertaken to prevent COVID-19 infection in this group.

Methods
Participants will include individuals with serious mental illness (eg, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) and nonpsychiatric control participants who are currently participating in or have previously participated in several ongoing parent observational studies. Data will be collected from April 2020 through August 2020. Participants will complete phone interviews at 2 time points to assess their current emotional functioning and discuss the measures they have taken to prevent COVID-19 infection. Baseline (pre-COVID-19) mental health, sampled by ecological momentary assessment over an extended period, will be compared with current mental health, also sampled by ecological momentary assessment over an extended period. Demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors at baseline will be used to examine risk and resilience to current mental health and coping.

Results
The inclusion of participants for the first round of telephone assessments started on April 3, 2020 and will be completed by May 31, 2020. As of April 30, 2020, 101 individuals had completed these first-round assessments. The second round of telephone assessments will likely occur between June 1, 2020, and August 31, 2020. Study results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.

Conclusions
Our findings will have broad implications for understanding the psychological consequences of COVID-19 among vulnerable persons with serious mental illness and will provide the opportunity to identify targets to reduce negative outcomes in the future. We also hope our efforts will provide a roadmap and resources for other researchers who would like to implement a similar approach.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/19203
Peran Kepala Sekolah Dalam Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Di Sekolah Dasar Muhammadiyah 4 Malang
Authors: Purnomo Wahyudi Setyo Adi , Anshory Ichsan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract: Education is the main thing in Indonesia in improving the quality of human resources. The role of the principal is very important to help improve the quality of education. This study aims to describe 1) the role of the principal in improving the quality of education in elementary schools Muhammadiyah 4 Malang. 2) efforts made by school principals in improving the quality of education in elementary school Muhammadiyah 4 Malang. In this research method using qualitative descriptive methods. The results of the study stated that 1) the role of the headmaster in improving the quality of education in elementary school Muhammadiyah 4 Malang was as a manager, leader, supervisor, administrator, educator, innovator, and motivator. 2) The principal's efforts in improving the quality of education in elementary school Muhammadiyah 4 Malang City include: a) making all improvements in all aspects of improving the quality of education; b) planning and preparing activity plans; c) coordinate the distribution of learning activities; d) supervise and evaluate teachers regarding learning activities; e) coordinate in carrying out all school activities.Keywords: The Role of Principals, Quality of Education, Elementary School Abstrak: Pendidikan merupakan hal utama di Indonesia dalam meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Peran kepala sekolah sangat mempengaruhi untuk membantu meningkatkan mutu pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan 1) peran kepala sekolah dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan di sekolah dasar Muhammadiyah 4 Kota Malang. 2) upaya yang dilakukan kepala sekolah dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan di sekolah dasar Muhammadiyah 4 Kota Malang. Dalam metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa 1) peran kepala sekolah dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan di sekolah SD Muhammadiyah 4 Kota Malang adalah sebagai manajer, pemimipin, supervisor, administrator, edukator, inovator dan motivator. 2) Adapun upaya kepala sekolah dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan di sekolah SD Muhammadiyah 4 Kota Malang diantaranya: a) melakukan semua perbaikan dalam semua aspek peningkatan mutu pendidikan; b) melakukan perencanaan dan penyusunan rencana kegiatan; c) mengkoordinasi pembagian kegiatan pembelajaran; d) melakukan supervise dan evaluasi guru mengenai kegiatan belajar; e) berkoordinasi dalam melakukan semua kegiatan sekolah.Kata kunci: Peran Kepala Sekolah, Mutu Pendidikan, Sekolah Dasar
Implementasi Kebijakan Full Day School Dengan Penanaman Nilai PPK Di SMAN 2 Katingan Hilir
Authors: Adawiyah Rabiatul , Soenaryo Siti Fatimah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract: The development of the globalization era not only has positive impacts but also negative impacts. It is important to strengthen students' character because globalization hurts the development of the character of the young generation. This study aims to describe the implementation of full-day school policy by instilling the value of strengthening character education (PPK) in SMAN 2 Katingan Hilir. The method in this study is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques are observation, interview, and documentation. The informant selection technique in this study uses purposive sampling, which includes the School Principal, Vice Principal in the Curriculum and Student Affairs, Islamic Agana Education teacher, Citizenship Education teacher, and 5 students. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of full-day school policies by planting PPK values in SMAN 2 Katingan Hilir is carried out through extracurricular, co-curricular and extracurricular activities. Two PPK values are the focus of this research, namely cooperation that can be seen from the students to always work together to apply to help each other, hand in hand to clean and maintain the cleanliness of the school environment. While the value of independence seen from students in doing everything so it is not easy to depend on others.Keywords: Implementation of policies, Full Day School, Strengthening Character Education Abstrak: Perkembangan era globalisasi tidak hanya memberikan dampak yang positif tetapi juga dampak negatif. Penting untuk memberikan penguatan karakter siswa karena globalisasi memiliki dampak negatif terhadap perkembangan karakter generasi muda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi kebijakan full day school dengan penanaman nilai penguatan pendidikan karakter (PPK) di SMAN 2 Katingan Hilir. Metode dalam penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik pemilihan informan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling, yaitu meliputi Kepala Sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah bidang kurikulum dan kesiswaan, guru Pendidikan Agana Islam, guru Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, dan 5 orang siswa Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan full day school dengan penanaman nilai PPK di SMAN 2 Katingan Hilir dilakukan melalui kegiatan intrakurikuler, ko-kurikuler, dan ekstrakurikuler. Ada dua nilai PPK yang menjadi fokus penelitian ini yaitu gotong royong yang dapat dilihat dari diri peserta didik untuk selalu berkerja sama menerapkan untuk saling membantu satu sama lain, saling bahu membahu membersihkan dan menjaga kebersihan lingkungan sekolah. Sedangkan nilai mandiri dilihat dari peserta didik dalam melakukan segala hal agar tidak mudah bergantung pada orang lain.Kata kunci: Implementasi kebijakan, Full Day School, Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter