bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial assessment of groundwater quality in Guna Tana landscape
Authors: Andualem Tesfa Gebrie , Kassa Mulatu , Ahmed Imran , Dar Mithas Ahmad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on investigating the quality of groundwater for irrigation and drinking water purposes. Spatial distribution of physicochemical and microbiological parameters was assessed from samples collected from springs, hand‐dug wells, and boreholes found the Guna Tana landscape. A total of 70 samples were considered for physical, chemical, and bacteriological water quality determination. The results revealed that most of the groundwater quality index (WQI) values lie between good and excellent. The maximum, minimum, mean, and standard deviation of each water quality parameter were prepared for evaluating groundwater quality. According to the WQI values, more than 83% of the water samples were classified as excellent water for drinking. More than 92% of the water samples showed low sodium hazards for irrigation and about 48% and 46% of the water samples were classified as within the excellent and good water classes for irrigation based on their electrical conductance levels. Therefore, the groundwater that is found in the Guna Tana landscape could be used for drinking and irrigation purposes without any advanced treatment.
Vitamin requirements and biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Perli Thomas , Wronska Anna K. , Ortiz‐Merino Raúl A. , Pronk Jack T. , Daran Jean‐Marc 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChemically defined media for yeast cultivation (CDMY) were developed to support fast growth, experimental reproducibility, and quantitative analysis of growth rates and biomass yields. In addition to mineral salts and a carbon substrate, popular CDMYs contain seven to nine B‐group vitamins, which are either enzyme cofactors or precursors for their synthesis. Despite the widespread use of CDMY in fundamental and applied yeast research, the relation of their design and composition to the actual vitamin requirements of yeasts has not been subjected to critical review since their first development in the 1940s. Vitamins are formally defined as essential organic molecules that cannot be synthesized by an organism. In yeast physiology, use of the term “vitamin” is primarily based on essentiality for humans, but the genome of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae reference strain S288C harbours most of the structural genes required for synthesis of the vitamins included in popular CDMY. Here, we review the biochemistry and genetics of the biosynthesis of these compounds by S. cerevisiae and, based on a comparative genomics analysis, assess the diversity within the Saccharomyces genus with respect to vitamin prototrophy.
André do Avelar and the Teaching of Sacrobosco’s Sphaera at the University of Coimbra
Authors: de Andrade Martins Roberto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAndré do Avelar was the mathematics professor of University of Coimbra from 1592 to 1616. During his lifetime he published two astronomical works: a popular vernacular book called Reportorio dos tempos (1585) and Sphaerae vtrivsque tabella (1593). Avelar’s Sphaera, composed for use at the university, was the only Latin version of Sacrobosco’s work ever published in Portugal. Avelar’s book was inspired by Sacrobosco’s work and followed it closely, but it might be regarded as a new work, because he changed the wording and the order of presentation of the topics, added new information and several tables. After his retirement, Avelar was accused of Jewish beliefs and practices, and was condemned by the Inquisition in 1620, dying in prison. This paper analyzes Avelar’s life, his work at the University of Coimbra, the content and role of his Sphaera, his career, and his trial by the Inquisition.
Pedro Sánchez Ciruelo. A Commentary on Sacrobosco’s Tractatus de sphaera with a Defense of Astrology
Authors: Lanuza Navarro Tayra M. C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the figure of the Spanish scholar Pedro Sánchez Ciruelo (ca. 1470–1548), who published a commentary on Johannes de Sacrobosco’sSphaerain 1498. The aim of this study is to analyze the defense of astrology that Ciruelo prepared for the preface of his commentary in order to show that this praise of astrology represents a significant part of the scholar’s intellectual interests, which remained constant throughout his career. It is possible to get a richer understanding of Ciruelo’s defenses of astrology in several of his works by placing them in their own specific context: the first one in the context of the prohibition of Simon de Phares’s activities in Paris in 1494, and the second one in Europe in the first decades of the sixteenth century, during which those interested in astrology were mainly concerned with Pico della Mirandola’sDisputationesand its consequences for the discipline.
Borrowers and Innovators in the History of Printing Sacrobosco: The Case of the In-Octavo Tradition
Authors: Pantin Isabelle 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Sacrobosco editions constitute a textual tradition wherein innovation owed to the interaction of two types of actors: borrowers, responsible for chains of related editions, and innovators, who wrote relatively original commentaries. This can be observed in the “in-octavo tradition,” a series of editions printed in several European towns, which began with Apianus’s 1526 Sphaera and endured until the seventeenth century. Different kinds of innovation were produced in it (concerning the layout, the illustration, and different kinds of textual additions). This successful attempt at standardization produced a kind of manual that always retained an essential part of its original features while remaining capable of evolution. This evolution was due to close cooperation between the publishers and mathematicians, and to the fact that the former, with a few exceptions, kept control over the process, and combined innovation with the artful practice of reusing borrowed material.
Affektpoetik der Forschungsmemoiren
Authors: Shah Mira 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Vorangegangenen ging es anhand der primatologischen Forschungsmemoiren um die Darstellung einer neuen Form der Forschung im Feld, die nicht nur auf der Partizipation von Emotionalität an epistemologischen Vorgängen, sondern auf der Methode einer teilnehmenden und empathischen Beobachtung beruht.
A clonoid based approach to some finiteness results in universal algebraic geometry
Authors: Aichinger Erhard , Rossi Bernardo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe prove that for a finite first order structure $${\mathbf {A}}$$A and a set of first order formulas $$\Phi $$Φ in its language with certain closure properties, the finitary relations on A that are definable via formulas in $$\Phi $$Φ are uniquely determined by those of arity $$|A|^{2}$$|A|2. This yields new proofs for some finiteness results from universal algebraic geometry.
A Family of Orthogonal Rational Functions and Other Orthogonal Systems with a skew-Hermitian Differentiation Matrix
Authors: Iserles Arieh , Webb Marcus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper we explore orthogonal systems in $$\mathrm {L}_2(\mathbb {R})$$L2(R) which give rise to a skew-Hermitian, tridiagonal differentiation matrix. Surprisingly, allowing the differentiation matrix to be complex leads to a particular family of rational orthogonal functions with favourable properties: they form an orthonormal basis for $$\mathrm {L}_2(\mathbb {R})$$L2(R), have a simple explicit formulae as rational functions, can be manipulated easily and the expansion coefficients are equal to classical Fourier coefficients of a modified function, hence can be calculated rapidly. We show that this family of functions is essentially the only orthonormal basis possessing a differentiation matrix of the above form and whose coefficients are equal to classical Fourier coefficients of a modified function though a monotone, differentiable change of variables. Examples of other orthogonal bases with skew-Hermitian, tridiagonal differentiation matrices are discussed as well.
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and risk of cardiovascular events and mortality: a prospective study
Authors: Jujić Amra , Atabaki-Pasdar Naeimeh , Nilsson Peter M. , Almgren Peter , Hakaste Liisa , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Berglund Lisa M. , Franks Paul W. , Holst Jens J. , Prasad Rashmi B. , Torekov Signe S. , Ravassa Susana , Díez Javier , Persson Margaretha , Melander Olle , Gomez Maria F. , Groop Leif , Ahlqvist Emma , Magnusson Martin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Evidence that glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and/or the GIP receptor (GIPR) are involved in cardiovascular biology is emerging. We hypothesised that GIP has untoward effects on cardiovascular biology, in contrast to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and therefore investigated the effects of GIP and GLP-1 concentrations on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality risk.

Methods
GIP concentrations were successfully measured during OGTTs in two independent populations (Malmö Diet Cancer–Cardiovascular Cohort [MDC-CC] and Prevalence, Prediction and Prevention of Diabetes in Botnia [PPP-Botnia]) in a total of 8044 subjects. GLP-1 (n = 3625) was measured in MDC-CC. The incidence of CVD and mortality was assessed via national/regional registers or questionnaires. Further, a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (2SMR) analysis between the GIP pathway and outcomes (coronary artery disease [CAD] and myocardial infarction) was carried out using a GIP-associated genetic variant, rs1800437, as instrumental variable. An additional reverse 2SMR was performed with CAD as exposure variable and GIP as outcome variable, with the instrumental variables constructed from 114 known genetic risk variants for CAD.

Results
In meta-analyses, higher fasting levels of GIP were associated with risk of higher total mortality (HR[95% CI] = 1.22 [1.11, 1.35]; p = 4.5 × 10−5) and death from CVD (HR[95% CI] 1.30 [1.11, 1.52]; p = 0.001). In accordance, 2SMR analysis revealed that increasing GIP concentrations were associated with CAD and myocardial infarction, and an additional reverse 2SMR revealed no significant effect of CAD on GIP levels, thus confirming a possible effect solely of GIP on CAD.

Conclusions/interpretation
In two prospective, community-based studies, elevated levels of GIP were associated with greater risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality within 5–9 years of follow-up, whereas GLP-1 levels were not associated with excess risk. Further studies are warranted to determine the cardiovascular effects of GIP per se.
Petrography, geochemistry, and geochronology of the Sc-enriched Kiviniemi ferrodiorite intrusion, eastern Finland
Authors: Halkoaho Tapio , Ahven Marjaana , Rämö O. Tapani , Hokka Janne , Huhma Hannu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Kiviniemi mafic intrusion, near the eastern margin of the Paleoproterozoic Central Finland Granitoid Complex, is both spatially and temporally associated with post-kinematic Fe-Ti-P-enriched Svecofennian orogenic mafic magmatism. The main rock types in this small (~ 15 ha) intrusion are garnet-bearing fayalite ferrodiorite, leucoferrodiorite, ferromonzodiorite, and pyroxene diorite. The garnet-bearing fayalite ferrodiorite and leucoferrodiorite contain 50–281 ppm Sc, 275–5600 ppm Zr, and 58–189 ppm Y (n = 42), delineating a mineralized deposit some 2.5 ha in extent. Overall, these rocks show an evolved (iron-enriched) tholeiitic character; low values of Ni (< 20–40 ppm), Cr (< 20 ppm), and Cu (< 20–80 ppm); and high contents of Zn (213–700 ppm). The rock-forming minerals in the ferrodioritic rocks are (ferro)hedenbergite, plagioclase (~ An40), ferropargasite and ferroedenite, almandine garnet, and fayalite (Fo1–4). Accessory minerals include zircon, ilmenite, fluorapatite, biotite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, potassium feldspar, grunerite, and clinoferrosilite. Some relict cumulate textures have been preserved, but primary magmatic features have largely been overprinted by strong recrystallization and corona formation. The main carriers of Sc are amphibole, clinopyroxene, and apatite. The remarkably strong enrichment of Sc in ferromagnesian silicates and apatite, rather than in specific Sc-minerals, implies magmatic enrichment. Post-kinematic mafic intrusions in central Finland constitute a bimodal association with co-existing granitoid counterparts. The Kiviniemi mafic intrusion is associated with a coarse megacrystic granite and the two rock type display mingled contacts, indicative of contemporaneity of the two magmas. This conclusion is in accord with the coincident U-Pb zircon ages for the ferrodiorite, at 1857 ± 2 Ma (multigrain ID-TIMS) and the megacrystic granite, at 1860 ± 7 Ma (single-crystal LA-MC-ICP-MS). The initial εNd value of the ferrodiorite and the granite are + 0.1 and − 2.5, respectively. These Nd isotope compositions probably reflect a chondritic mantle source for the ferrodiorite and suggest incorporation of some Archaean crustal material into the granite in the course of magmatic evolution. The resource estimation calculated for Kiviniemi intrusion by using 40 g/t Sc cut off value is 13.4 Mt of rock with an average grade of 162.7 g/t scandium, 1726 g/t zirconium, and 81 g/t yttrium.
Correlation Between Sarcopenia and Growth Rate of the Future Liver Remnant After Portal Vein Embolization in Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Schulze-Hagen M. , Truhn D. , Duong F. , Keil S. , Pedersoli F. , Kuhl C. K. , Lurje G. , Neumann U. , Isfort P. , Bruners P. , Zimmermann M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate whether sarcopenia and myosteatosis correlate with the degree of hypertrophy (DH) and kinetic growth rate (KiGR) of the future liver remnant (FLR) in patients with colorectal liver metastases undergoing portal vein embolization (PVE) in preparation for right hepatectomy.

Materials and Methods
Forty-two patients were included. Total liver volume and FLR volume were measured before and 2–4 weeks after PVE. KiGR of the FLR was calculated. Sarcopenia was assessed using the total psoas muscle volume (PMV), the psoas muscle cross-sectional area (PMCS) and the total skeletal muscle index (L3SMI) at the level of 3rd lumbar vertebra. Degree of myosteatosis was assessed by mean muscle attenuation at L3 (L3MA). Correlations between muscle indices and DH and KiGR were assessed using simple linear regression analyses.

Results
Mean DH was 8.9 ± 5.7%, and mean KiGR was 3.6 ± 2.3. Mean PMV was 55.56 ± 14.19 cm3/m3, mean PMCS was 8.76 ± 2.3 cm2/m2, mean L3SMI was 45.6 ± 9.89 cm2/m2, and mean L3MA was 27.9 ± 18.6 HU. There was a strong positive correlation between PMV and DH (R = 0.503, p = 0.001) and PMV and KiGR (R = 0.545, p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a moderate correlation between PMCS and KiGR (R = 0.389, p = 0.014). L3SMI and L3MA were neither associated with DH (p = 0.390 and p = 0.768, respectively) nor with KiGR (p = 0.188 and p = 0.929, respectively).

Conclusion
We identified a positive correlation between PMV and PMCS, as markers for sarcopenia, and the KiGR of the FLR after PVE. PMV and PMCS might therefore aid to identify patients who are poor candidates for FLR augmentation using PVE alone.
Refining the criteria for immediate total-body CT after severe trauma
Authors:   on behalf of the REACT-2 study group, Treskes Kaij , Saltzherr Teun P. , Edwards Michael J. R. , Beuker Benn J. A. , Van Lieshout Esther M. M. , Hohmann Joachim , Luitse Jan S. K. , Beenen Ludo F. M. , Hollmann Markus W. , Dijkgraaf Marcel G. W. , Goslings J. Carel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Initial trauma care could potentially be improved when conventional imaging and selective CT scanning is omitted and replaced by immediate total-body CT (iTBCT) scanning. Because of the potentially increased radiation exposure by this diagnostic approach, proper selection of the severely injured patients is mandatory.

Methods
In the REACT-2 trial, severe trauma patients were randomized to iTBCT or conventional imaging and selective CT based on predefined criteria regarding compromised vital parameters, clinical suspicion of severe injuries, or high-risk trauma mechanisms in five trauma centers. By logistic regression analysis with backward selection on the 15 study inclusion criteria, a revised set of criteria was derived and subsequently tested for prediction of severe injury and shifts in radiation exposure.

Results
In total, 1083 patients were enrolled with median ISS of 20 (IQR 9–29) and median GCS of 13 (IQR 3–15). Backward logistic regression resulted in a revised set consisting of nine original and one adjusted criteria. Positive predictive value improved from 76% (95% CI 74–79%) to 82% (95% CI 80–85%). Sensitivity decreased by 9% (95% CI 7–11%). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve remained equal and was 0.80 (95% CI 0.77–0.83), original set 0.80 (95% CI 0.77–0.83). The revised set retains 8.78 mSv (95% CI 6.01–11.56) for 36% of the non-severely injured patients.

Conclusions
Selection criteria for iTBCT can be reduced from 15 to 10 clinically criteria. This improves the positive predictive value for severe injury and reduces radiation exposure for less severely injured patients.

Key Points
• Selection criteria for iTBCT can be reduced to 10 clinically useful criteria.
• This reduces radiation exposure in 36% of less severely injured patients.
• Overall discriminative capacity for selection of severely injured patients remained equal.
Accuracy of sand beach topography surveying by drones and photogrammetry
Authors: Casella Elisa , Drechsel Jan , Winter Christian , Benninghoff Markus , Rovere Alessio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBeaches are characterized by high morphodynamic activity, and high-frequency measurements are needed to understand their states and rates of change. Ideally, beach survey methods should be at once accurate, rapid and low-cost. Recently, unmanned aerial systems (drones) have been increasingly utilized to measure beach topography. In this paper, we present a review of the state of art in drones and photogrammetry for beach surveys and the respective achieved measurement quality (where reported). We then show how drones with a minimal configuration and a low-cost setup can meet the high accuracy and rapidity required for beach surveys. To test a minimal drone and ground control point configuration, we used consumer-grade equipment to perform the same flight path with different cameras and at different altitudes. We then used photogrammetry to produce digital elevation models of the beach. Using a GNSS-RTK system, we collected 2950 independent control points to evaluate the accuracy of the digital elevation models. Results show that, once a few potential sources of uncertainties in the final digital elevation model are taken into account, the average RMSE(z) of the digital elevation models was ~5 cm, with a survey efficiency of ca. 3 m2 min−1. Digital elevation models taken at different times were used to calculate the before–after sediment budget following a storm that hit a sandy coast in Sylt Island at the German North Sea coast.
A perspective in the management of myelomeningocoele in the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa
Authors: Mnguni M. N. , Enicker B. C. , Madiba T. E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Myelomeningocoele (MMC) is common in the developing world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and management of myelomeningocoele and to identify factors contributing to outcomes.

Methods
This was a retrospective, observational study of consecutive children diagnosed with MMC managed in the Paediatric Neurosurgery Unit at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified clinical characteristics, demographics and surgical variables that were associated with outcome.

Results
A total of 309 children were managed during this period (M:F 1.3:1). The most common sites were lumbar, lumbo-sacral and sacral. Mean age at surgical repair was 4.7 ± 15.6 months. Two hundred and eight children had ventriculomegaly, of whom 158 had symptomatic hydrocephalus, requiring CSF diversion. Fifty-eight (21%) patients developed wound sepsis, of whom 13 (22%) developed meningitis (p = 0.001). The time to wound sepsis was 9.5 ± 3.6 days. The commonest organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus followed by MRSA. Thirty-two patients (23%) developed shunt malfunction and three (11%) developed ETV malfunction. Twenty children (9%) demised during the admission period. Death was associated with meningitis (p < 0.0001), and meningitis itself was associated with wound sepsis (p < 0.0001). Hospital stay was 20.4 ± 16 days. Wound sepsis (p = 0.002) and meningitis (p < 0.0001), respectively, were associated with prolonged hospital stay.

Conclusion
There was a slight male preponderance and hydrocephalus occurred in two thirds of cases. Wound sepsis and meningitis were associated poor outcomes.
Enhancement of the summer extreme precipitation over North China by interactions between moisture convergence and topographic settings
Authors: Zhao Yang , Chen Deliang , Li Jiao , Chen Dandan , Chang Yi , Li Juan , Qin Rui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the roles of atmospheric moisture transport under the influence of topography for summer extreme precipitation over North China (NC) during 1979–2016. Based on rain gauge precipitation data and a reanalysis, 38 extreme precipitation days in NC during the 38 years were selected and associated moisture fluxes estimated. The results show that there is a dominant moisture influx of 311.8 kg m−1 s−1 into NC along its southern boundary from tropical oceans, and a secondary influx of 107.9 kg m−1 s−1 across its western boundary carried by mid-latitude westerlies. The outflux across the eastern boundary is 206.9 kg m−1 s−1 and across the northern boundary is 76.0 kg m−1 s−1, giving a net moisture gain over NC of 136.8 kg m−1 s−1. During extreme precipitation days, the moisture flux convergence (MFC) was much larger, exceeding 4 × 10−5 kg m−1 s−1. The MFC maximum core, the pronounced moisture transport, and the striking extreme precipitation zone over NC are all anchored to the east of the steep slopes of the surrounding topography. Moreover, a remarkably high humidity and strong upward motion also occur near steep slopes, indicating the critical role of the adjacent topography on the extreme precipitations. Simulations with and without the topography in NC using the Weather and Research Forecasting model for six selected out of the 38 extreme precipitation days demonstrate that the surrounding topography reinforces the MFC over NC by 16% relative to the case without terrain, primarily through enhanced wind convergence and higher moisture content, as well as stronger vertical motion induced by diabatic heating. The interactions between moisture convergence and topographic settings strengthen the extreme precipitation over NC.
Precision medicine in Parkinson’s disease: emerging treatments for genetic Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Schneider Susanne A. , Alcalay Roy N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn recent years, numerous clinical trials for disease modification in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have failed, possibly because of a “one-size-fits all” approach. Alternatively, a precision medicine approach, which customises treatments based on patients’ individual genotype, may help reach disease modification. Here, we review clinical trials that target genetic forms of PD, i.e., GBA-associated and LRRK2-associated PD. In summary, six ongoing studies which explicitely recruit GBA-PD patients, and two studies which recruit LRRK2-PD patients, were identified. Available data on mechanisms of action, study design, and challenges of therapeutic trials are discussed.