bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Distortion Prediction of Additively Manufactured Parts Using Bayesian Model Transfer Between Material Systems
Authors: Francis Jack , Sabbaghi Arman , Ravi Shankar M. , Ghasri-Khouzani Morteza , Bian Linkan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Distortion in laser-based additive manufacturing (LBAM) is a critical issue that adversely affects the geometric integrity of additively manufactured parts and generally exhibits a complicated dependence on the underlying material. The differences in properties between distinct materials prevent the immediate application of a distortion model learned for one material to another, which introduces the challenge in LBAM of learning a distortion model for a new material system given past experiments. Current methods for investigating the distortion of different material systems typically involve finite element analysis or a large number of experiments in an empirical study. However, these methods do not learn from previous experiments and can incur significant costs in terms of computation, time, or resources. We propose a Bayesian model transfer methodology that is both physics-based and data-driven to leverage past experiments on previously studied material systems for more efficient distortion modeling of new systems. This method transfers distortion models across distinct materials based on the statistical effect equivalence framework by formulating the differences between two materials as a lurking variable. Our method reduces the experimentation and effort needed for specifying distortion models for new material systems. We validate our methodology in a case study of distortion model transfer from Ti–6Al–4V disks to 316L stainless steel disks. This case study is the first instance of model transfer between material systems and illustrates the ability of the Bayesian model transfer methodology to address the issue of comprehensive distortion modeling across varying material systems in LBAM.
Objectively measured near work, outdoor exposure and myopia in children
Authors: Wen Longbo , Cao Yingpin , Cheng Qian , Li Xiaoning , Pan Lun , Li Lei , Zhu HaoGang , Lan Weizhong , Yang Zhikuan 
Published: February 2020

AimTo reassess the association between near work, outdoor exposure and myopia in children through an objective approach.MethodsEighty-six children (10.13±0.48 years) were asked to wear Clouclip, a newly developed wearable device that is able to measure working distance and eye-level illuminance, for a complete week to obtain information on near work and outdoor exposure. The mean daily Clouclip wearing time was 11.72±1.14 hour. The spherical equivalent refraction was determined by cycloplegic autorefraction.ResultsThe myopic children were found to be exposed to light intensities >3000 lux (0.68±0.50 hour vs 1.02±0.53 hour, p=0.012) and >5000 lux (0.42±0.35 hour vs 0.63±0.31 hour, p=0.004) for shorter durations on average each day than the non-myopic children. Additionally, the myopic children spent more time on average each day on activities at a distance of <20 cm than non-myopic children (1.89±0.61 hour vs 1.52±0.77 hour, p=0.019). In the multivariate logistic analysis, the time spent with a higher light intensity (>3000 lux (OR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.72, p=0.009); >5000 lux (OR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.56, p=0.008)) and a working distance of <20 cm (in a circumstance of >3000 lux (OR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.86, p=0.038) or in that of >5000 lux (OR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.77, p=0.046)) were the independent protective factors and risk factors, respectively.ConclusionThe current study provides novel evidence, based on objective data, to support the association between the intensity of near work, light intensity and myopia. However, the causality and the dose-effect relationship need to be investigated further.
Quality improvement programme reduces errors in oral medication preparation and administration through feeding tubes
Authors: Pereira Rosana Aparecida , de Souza Fabiana Bolela , Rigobello Mayara Carvalho Godinho , Pereira José Rafael , da Costa Laís Rosa Moreno , Gimenes Fernanda Raphael Escobar 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundPatients with nasogastric/nasoenteric tube (NGT/NET) are at increased risk of adverse outcomes due to errors occurring during oral medication preparation and administration.AimTo implement a quality improvement programme to reduce the proportion of errors in oral medication preparation and administration through NGT/NET in adult patients.MethodsAn observational study was carried out, comparing outcome measures before and after implementation of the integrated quality programme to improve oral medication preparation and administration through NGT/NET. A collaborative approach based on Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle was used and feedback was given during multidisciplinary meetings.InterventionsGood practice guidance for oral medication preparation and administration through NGT/NET was developed and implemented at the hospital sites; nurses were given formal training to use the good practice guidance; a printed list of oral medications that should never be crushed was provided to all members of the multidisciplinary team, and a printed table containing therapeutic alternatives for drugs that should never be crushed was provided to prescribers at the prescribing room.ResultsImprovement was observed in the following measures: crushing enteric-coated tablets and mixing drugs during medication preparation (from 54.9% in phase I to 26.2% in phase II; p 0.0010) and triturating pharmaceutical form of modified action or dragee (from 32.8 in phase I to 19.7 in phase II; p 0.0010). Worsening was observed though in the following measures: crush compressed to a fine and homogeneous powder (from 7.4%% in phase I to 95% phase II; p 0.0010) and feeding tube obstruction (from 41.8% in phase I to 52.5% phase II; p 0.0950).ConclusionOur results highlight how a collaborative quality improvement approach based on PDSA cycles can meet the challenge of reducing the proportion of errors in oral medication preparation and administration through NGT/NET in adult patients. Some changes may lead to unintended consequences though. Thus, continuous monitoring for these consequences will help caregivers to prevent poor patient outcomes.
Association between occupational solvent exposure and cognitive performance in the French CONSTANCES study
Authors: Letellier Noémie , Choron Guillaume , Artaud Fanny , Descatha Alexis , Goldberg Marcel , Zins Marie , Elbaz Alexis , Berr C 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the association between occupational exposure to solvents and cognitive performance in middle-aged and early-ageing participants, taking into account the working environment.MethodsIn the French Cohorte des consultants des Centres d'examens de santé (CONSTANCES) cohort, 41 854 participants aged 45–69 years completed a self-reported, lifetime occupational exposure questionnaire. Exposure to solvents (gasoline for hand washing, trichloroethylene, white spirit, cellulosic thinner) was first considered as a binary variable (exposed/not exposed). We computed number of solvent types to which participants were exposed, solvent exposure time and delay since last exposure. Cognitive performance was assessed and analysed in reference to norms of neuropsychological battery previously established in CONSTANCES according to age, sex and education. Multiple linear and modified Poisson regression were used to estimate the associations between solvent exposure and cognitive performance adjusting for individual and environmental characteristics, and working conditions (night shift, repetitive and noisy work).ResultsMen had a greater risk of global cognitive impairment when they were exposed to gasoline (relative risk (RR)=1.12, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.22), white spirit (RR=1.14, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.25) or cellulosic thinner (RR=1.17, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.31) at the workplace, even after adjusting for confounders. Women exposed to white spirit or exposed for more than 20 years had poorer global cognitive performance.ConclusionThese findings strengthen our understanding of the detrimental effect of solvent exposure on cognitive health not only in men but also in women for the first time, in a large general population middle-aged and early-ageing sample from France, taking into account working conditions.
Effects of humeral intraosseous epinephrine in a pediatric hypovolemic cardiac arrest porcine model
Authors: Neill Michael James , Burgert James M , Blouin Dawn , Tigges Benjamin , Rodden Kari , Roberts Rachel , Anderson Phillip , Hallquist Travis , Navarro John , O'Sullivan Joseph , Johnson Don 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundAims of the study were to determine the effects of humerus intraosseous (HIO) versus intravenous (IV) administration of epinephrine in a hypovolemic, pediatric pig model. We compared concentration maximum (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax), mean concentration (MC) over time and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).MethodsPediatric pig were randomly assigned to each group (HIO (n=7); IV (n=7); cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)+defibrillation (defib) (n=7) and CPR-only group (n=5)). The pig were anesthetized; 35% of the blood volume was exsanguinated. pigs were in arrest for 2 min, and then CPR was performed for 2 min. Epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg was administered 4 min postarrest by either route. Samples were collected over 5 min. After sample collection, epinephrine was administered every 4 min or until ROSC. The Cmax and MC were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Defibrillation began at 3 min postarrest and administered every 2 min or until ROSC or endpoint at 20 min after initiation of CPR.ResultsAnalysis indicated that the Cmax was significantly higher in the IV versus HIO group (p=0.001). Tmax was shorter in the IV group but was not significantly different (p=0.789). The MC was significantly greater in the IV versus HIO groups at 90 and 120 s (p<0.05). The IV versus HIO had a significantly higher MC (p=0.001). χ2indicated the IV group (5 out of 7) had significantly higher rate of ROSC than the HIO group (1 out of 7) (p=0.031). One subject in the CPR+defib and no subjects in the CPR-only groups achieved ROSC.DiscussionBased on the results of our study, the IV route is more effective than the HIO route.
Stop the Bleed: gap analysis and geographical evaluation of incident locations
Authors: Tsui Michelle , Carroll Shannon L. , Dye Daniel W. , Smedley W. Andrew , Gilbert Aidan D. , Griffin Russell L. , McGwin Gerald , Stephens Shannon W. , Kerby Jeffrey D. , Jansen Jan O. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundTrauma is a major public health issue. In 2015, the White House launched the “Stop the Bleed” (STB) campaign, which aims to equip would-be bystanders with the ability and equipment to assist in bleeding emergencies. This study sought to estimate the number of patients who might benefit from STB intervention, in an everyday setting, and their spatial injury profile.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of trauma registry and medical examiners’ data, collected between 2013 and 2017. The majority of patients were male. The median age was 32 years. Incidents were geocoded by ZIP code, and mapped using Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS).ResultsWe identified 139 patients from medical examiner records and UAB’s trauma registry who might have benefitted from STB intervention. The number of incidents per year ranged from 22 to 35, averaging 2.3 incidents per month. There was no evidence of geographical clustering, although the small number of incidents precluded a formal geostatistical analysis.ConclusionThe number of patients who might benefit from STB interventions on a daily basis is small, and incident locations are difficult to predict. Educating the public in how to stop bleeding is appealing, but providing easy and widespread access to STB kits may be difficult. Although there are parallels to the provision of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation for cardiac arrest, there are also differences, which should not be overlooked.
Hadron–Hadron interactions from $$N_\mathrm{{f}}=2+1+1$$ lattice QCD: the $$\rho \,$$-resonance
Authors: Werner M. , Ueding M. , Helmes C. , Jost C. , Knippschild B. , Kostrzewa B. , Liu C. , Liu L. , Metsch B. , Petschlies M. , Urbach C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present a lattice QCD investigation of the $$\rho $$ρ-meson with $$N_\mathrm{{f}}=2+1+1$$Nf=2+1+1 dynamical quark flavours for the first time. The calculation is performed based on gauge configuration ensembles produced by the ETM Collaboration with three lattice spacing values and pion masses ranging from 230 to 500 MeV. Applying the Lüscher method phase-shift curves are determined for all ensembles separately. Assuming a Breit–Wigner form, the $$\rho $$ρ-meson mass and width are determined by a fit to these phase-shift curves. Mass and width combined are then extrapolated to the chiral limit, while lattice artefacts are not detectable within our statistical uncertainties. For the $$\rho $$ρ-meson mass extrapolated to the physical point we find good agreement with experiment. The corresponding decay width differs by about two standard deviations from the experimental value.
Two-real-scalar-singlet extension of the SM: LHC phenomenology and benchmark scenarios
Authors: Robens Tania , Stefaniak Tim , Wittbrodt Jonas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe investigate the LHC phenomenology of a model where the Standard Model (SM) scalar sector is extended by two real scalar singlets. A$${{\mathbb {Z}}_2} \otimes {{\mathbb {Z}}_2} '$$Z2⊗Z2′discrete symmetry is imposed to reduce the number of scalar potential parameters, which is spontaneously broken by the vacuum expectation values of the singlet fields. As a result, all three neutral scalar fields mix, leading to three neutral CP-even scalar bosons, out of which one is identified with the observed Higgs boson at 125 GeV. We explore all relevant collider signatures of the three scalars in this model. Besides the single production of a scalar boson decaying directly to SM particle final states, we extensively discuss the possibility of resonant multi-scalar production. The latter includes decays of the produced scalar boson to two identical scalars (“symmetric decays”), as well as to two different scalars (“asymmetric decays”). Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of successive decays to the lightest scalar states (“cascade decays”), which lead to experimentally spectacular three- and four-Higgs final states. We provide six benchmark scenarios for detailed experimental studies of these Higgs-to-Higgs decay signatures.
Improved BBN constraints on the variation of the gravitational constant
Authors: Alvey James , Sabti Nashwan , Escudero Miguel , Fairbairn Malcolm 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBig Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) is very sensitive to the cosmological expansion rate. If the gravitational constant G took a different value during the nucleosynthesis epoch than today, the primordial abundances of light elements would be affected. In this work, we improve the bounds on this variation using recent determinations of the primordial element abundances, updated nuclear and weak reaction rates and observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). When combining the measured abundances and the baryon density from CMB observations by Planck, we find $$G_\mathrm {BBN}/G_0 = 0.99^{+0.06}_{-0.05}$$GBBN/G0=0.99-0.05+0.06 at $$2\sigma $$2σ confidence level. If the variation of G is linear in time, we find $$\dot{G}/G_0 = 0.7^{+3.8}_{-4.3}\times 10^{-12} \, \mathrm {year}^{-1}$$G˙/G0=0.7-4.3+3.8×10-12year-1, again at $$2\sigma $$2σ. These bounds are significantly stronger than those from previous primordial nucleosynthesis studies, and are comparable and complementary to CMB, stellar, solar system, lunar laser ranging, pulsar timing and gravitational wave constraints.
Influence of Different Treatment Strategies on New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation Among Patients With Primary Aldosteronism: A Nationwide Longitudinal Cohort‐Based Study
Authors: Pan Chien‐Ting , Liao Che‐Wei , Tsai Cheng‐Hsuan , Chen Zheng‐Wei , Chen Likwang , Hung Chi‐Sheng , Liu Yu‐Chen , Lin Po‐Chih , Chang Chin‐Chen , Chang Yi‐Yao , Wu Vin‐Cent , Lin Yen‐Hung , Wu Vin‐Cent , Lin Yen‐Hung , Wu Che‐Hsiung , Ho Yi‐Luwn , Chang Hung‐Wei , Lin Lian‐Yu , Hu Fu‐Chang , Liu Kao‐Lang , Wang Shuo‐Meng , Huang Kuo‐How , Chen Yung‐Ming , Kuo Chin‐Chi , Chang Chin‐Chen , Chueh Shih‐Chieh , Lu Ching‐Chu , Liao Shih‐Cheng , Yen Ruoh‐Fang , Wu Kwan‐Dun , Wang Chen‐Yu 
Published: February 2020

Background

Primary aldosteronism (
PA
) is associated with higher atrial fibrillation prevalence and other cardiovascular complications. However, the effect of target treatment to prevent new‐onset atrial fibrillation (
NOAF
) remains unclear. This study investigated incidence of
NOAF
under different treatment strategies in patients with PA.

Methods and Results

We analyzed longitudinal data for patients with
PA
without atrial fibrillation history from 1997 to 2009 within the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Patients with essential hypertension matched by propensity score were enrolled as controls. The primary outcome measurement was
NOAF
, and secondary outcome measurements were mortality, major cardiac and cardiac/cerebrovascular events, and a combined end point of
NOAF
and mortality. We identified 2202 patients with
PA
(534 adrenalectomy, 1668 mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist [MRA] therapy) and 8808 essential hypertension controls with mean follow‐up of 4.4 years. In primary outcome measurement, patients with
PA
who underwent adrenalectomy had a lower incidence of
NOAF
(adjusted hazard ratio; 0.28,
P
=0.011) than controls. In contrast, the patients with PA who received
MRA
therapy had comparable risk of
NOAF
(adjusted hazard ratio, 1.20;
P
=0.224). In secondary outcome measurement, patients with PA who underwent adrenalectomy had a lower rate of mortality and combined end point of
NOAF
and mortality than controls. Patients with PA who received
MRA
therapy had a higher risk of mortality, major cardiac and cardiac/cerebrovascular events, and combined
NOAF
with mortality than the essential hypertension controls.

Conclusions

Compared with patients with essential hypertension, patients with PA who underwent adrenalectomy had a lower incidence of
NOAF
. However, this finding was not observed in patients with PA who received
MRA
therapy with a lower dose. Differences between the 2 strategies may reduce with a higher dose of
MRA
therapy.
<p><strong><em>Espeletia restricta </em></strong><strong>(Millerieae, Asteraceae), a new species from the páramos of northern Colombia</strong></p>
Authors: ALZATE FERNANDO , GIRALDO SEBASTIÁN 
Published: February 2020

An intensive exploration of the páramos ecosystem on northwestern Colombia allowed the discovery of a new species of Espeletia (Millerieae: Asteraceae), E. restricta. Espeletia is an endemic taxon to the páramos of Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador, generally found above 3000 m of elevation. Espeletia restricta has a very narrow distribution limited to the northern Central Cordillera of Los Andes. The new species is similar to Espeletia occidentalis, species occurring in the Central and Western Cordillera, from which it differs in the size of its synflorescences relative to the rosette length (less than 1.5 times longer than the rosette vs. 2–3 times longer than the rosette) and indument colour (yellowish vs. greenish-white). The new species was assessed Critically Endangered (CR) due to the small size of its population and the restricted nature of its occurrence, which makes this taxon of great conservation concern.
Daily and Latent Lagged Effects of Rainfall on Pedestrian–Vehicle Collisions
Authors: Lobo António , Ferreira Sara , Iglesias Isabel , Couto António 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWalking safety has been a primary concern for researchers and authorities, who have developed numerous studies concerning the interaction between pedestrians and vehicles. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the impacts of weather conditions on pedestrian–vehicle collisions. This research aims at improving knowledge on this subject by investigating the impact of daily precipitation and the lagged effects associated with past accumulated precipitation. Using the city of Porto, Portugal, as a case study, an incremental approach consisting of three models, one Poisson and two negative binomial, was developed to explore the relation between weather conditions and the occurrence of pedestrian–vehicle collisions. The first model accounts exclusively for meteorological variables, providing an insight into the trends of crash frequency under the effects of temperature and precipitation. Then, variables for road classification and land use were introduced in the second and third models, respectively, to account for the diversity of the urban environment. These variables act as proxies for the level of exposure associated with different types of urban space, allowing for a more in-depth understanding of the impacts caused by meteorological conditions. The modeling results show that the number of pedestrian–vehicle collisions tends to increase on rainy days, following the general trend observed in the literature for other types of crashes. Regarding the lagged effects, the results show that the number of pedestrian–vehicle collisions is likely to decrease after a wet week but increases after a wet month.
Outpatient intensive induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Mabrey Frances Linzee , Gardner Kelda M. , Shannon Dorcy Kathleen , Perdue Andrea , Smith Heather A. , Davis Alicyn M. , Hammer Cody , Rizzuto Donelle , Jones Sunny , Quach Kim , Scott Bart L. , Hendrie Paul C. , Percival Mary-Elizabeth M. , Walter Roland B. , Appelbaum Frederick R. , Estey Elihu H. , Becker Pamela S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
To improve patient quality of life and reduce health care costs, many conditions formerly thought to require inpatient care are now treated in the outpatient setting. Outpatient induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may confer similar benefits. This possibility prompted a pilot study to explore the safety and feasibility of intensive outpatient initial or salvage induction chemotherapy administration for adults with AML and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients with no significant organ dysfunction and a treatment-related mortality (TRM) score corresponding to a day 28 mortality rate of &lt;5% to 10% were eligible for study. Patients were treated as outpatients with daily evaluation by providers and only admitted to the hospital if mandated by complications. Twenty patients were consented, and 17 were treated. Eight patients received initial induction chemotherapy and 9 received salvage induction chemotherapy. Fourteen patients completed induction chemotherapy administration in the outpatient setting (82.4%; exact 95% confidence interval [CI], 55.8-95.3). Three patients were admitted during the course of chemotherapy administration, 2 for neutropenic fever and 1 for grade 3 mucositis. No patients died within 14 days of the initiation of induction chemotherapy (exact 95% CI, 0-22.9). Results of this pilot study suggest it is feasible to complete outpatient induction chemotherapy in select patients with AML and high-risk MDS. A team including nurses, social workers, medical providers, and pharmacists was key to the successful implementation of outpatient induction.