bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Too Soon and Too Late: The Problem of Archive Work in Christian Petzold’sPhoenix
Authors: Osborne Dora 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChristian Petzold’s Phoenix (2014) is set in the immediate aftermath of World War II but dedicated to Fritz Bauer, the man credited with initiating the Frankfurt Auschwitz trials almost two decades later. In light of other recent films about Bauer, this article argues that Petzold’s dedication indicates the director’s interest in “archive work” as a fundamental task of “working through” the Nazi past (performed emblematically by Bauer). It considers Petzold’s return to Bauer’s archive work in conjunction with the former’s attempt to reconstruct an archive image for the film’s opening, an attempt Petzold eventually abandoned. In the postwar world of Phoenix, it is too soon to perform the reconstructive work undertaken by Bauer—here reconstruction has to do, rather, with erasure and forgetting. For contemporary memory work, meanwhile, all that remains are the material traces of the archive—Petzold must turn to this material but sees that its (re)mediatization in mainstream Holocaust cinema has obscured its relationship to the traumatic events at stake. This article shows how Petzold uses his film to describe the difficulties of working with the archive from the positions of prematurity and belatedness, indicating as he does so how both the recuperative and the effacing work of postwar reconstruction inflect the material legacy available to subsequent generations.
Attitudes of Portuguese nursing undergraduate students toward suicidal behaviour
Authors: Vedana Kelly Graziani Giacchero , dos Santos José Carlos , Zanetti Ana Carolina Guidorizzi , Miasso Adriana Inocenti , Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena , Pillon Sandra Cristina , de Souza Jacqueline , Silva Aline Conceição 
Published: February 2020

Background/Aims The attitudes toward suicidal behaviour and related factors are still not understood and may influence the quality of assistance. The attitudes of nursing students regarding suicide and associated factors was investigated in this study. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with 351 nursing students in a Portuguese higher education institution. Data were collected in 2017–2018, using a self-administered sociodemographic questionnaire and the Suicide Behaviour Attitude Questionnaire. Statistical analyses included Mann–Whitney's U-test, Student's t-test and Spearman's correlation. Results The students had more educational exposure to suicide during the undergraduate course than in extracurricular activities or interpersonal contact. Students nearing the end of the course and older students had more positive attitudes and greater perception of their professional competence. Negative attitudes were associated with condemnatory attitudes and a lower self-perception of professional competence. Condemnatory attitudes were associated with participation in scientific events. Suicidal thoughts were associated with reading about suicide and not attending a class about this subject. Conclusions This study promotes knowledge that may support future investigations and interventions regarding provisional education and support to nursing students.
Temporal imaging for ultra-narrowband few-photon states of light
Authors: Mazelanik Mateusz , Leszczyński Adam , Lipka Michał , Parniak Michał , Wasilewski Wojciech 
Published: February 2020

Plenty of quantum information protocols are enabled by manipulation and detection of photonic spectro-temporal degrees of freedom via light–matter interfaces. While present implementations are well suited for high-bandwidth photon sources such as quantum dots, they lack the high resolution required for intrinsically narrowband light–atom interactions. Here, we demonstrate far-field temporal imaging based on ac-Stark spatial spin-wave phase manipulation in a multimode gradient echo memory. We achieve a spectral resolution of 20 kHz with MHz-level bandwidth and an ultralow noise equivalent to 0.023 photons, enabling operation in the single-quantum regime.
Inverse design of digital nanophotonic devices using the adjoint method
Authors: Wang Kaiyuan , Ren Xinshu , Chang Weijie , Lu Longhui , Liu Deming , Zhang Minming 
Published: February 2020

A high-efficiency inverse design of “digital” subwavelength nanophotonic devices using the adjoint method is proposed. We design a single-mode 3 dB power divider and a dual-mode demultiplexer to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed inverse design approach, called the digitized adjoint method, for single- and dual-object optimization, respectively. The optimization comprises three stages: 1) continuous variation for an “analog” pattern; 2) forced permittivity biasing for a “quasi-digital” pattern; and 3) a multilevel digital pattern. Compared with the conventional brute-force method, the proposed method can improve design efficiency by about five times, and the performance optimization can reach approximately the same level. The method takes advantages of adjoint sensitivity analysis and digital subwavelength structure and creates a new way for the efficient and high-performance design of compact digital subwavelength nanophotonic devices, which could overcome the efficiency bottleneck of the brute-force method, which is restricted by the number of pixels of a digital pattern, and improve the device performance by extending a conventional binary pattern to a multilevel one.
Entscheidungen, Entscheidungsfindung und Entscheidungsunterstützung in der Immobilienwirtschaft: Eine systematische Literaturübersicht
Authors: Krieger Patrick , Lausberg Carsten 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel untersucht den Stand der immobilienwirtschaftlichen Forschung zu menschlichen Entscheidungen und Entscheidungsunterstützungssystemen (EUS). Er baut auf einer systematischen Literaturrecherche auf, die die Entwicklung der Forschung, untersuchte immobilienwirtschaftliche Felder, angewendete Methoden, Verbindungen zu anderen Disziplinen sowie favorisierte Zeitschriften identifiziert. Es werden Problemstrukturen aufgezeigt, die auf drei Bereiche verdichtet werden können: (1) Die primäre Forschungsleistung fließt in die Bereiche Investitionen und Bewertung. Andere immobilienwirtschaftliche Disziplinen sind bisher unterrepräsentiert. (2) Ein Wissenstransfer zwischen der verhaltensorientierten Immobilienforschung und der Informatik ist kaum zu beobachten. Insgesamt scheint die Forschung über immobilienwirtschaftliche Entscheidungsunterstützungssysteme noch am Anfang zu stehen. (3) Der in der Immobilienwirtschaft vorherrschende Risikobegriff ist unzureichend und muss um eine psychologische Dimension erweitert werden, um sein Potential für immobilienwirtschaftliche EUS-Anwendungen entfalten zu können.
The Oncologist's Duty to Provide Hope: Fact or Fiction?
Authors: Wein Simon 
Published: February 2020

Overview:There are many sources of conflict in oncology. Conflicts arise because there are numerous therapeutic options, each of which is imperfect, and these conflicts produce ethical dilemmas. A recent American Medical Association (AMA) publication outlined the principles of medical ethics for managing conflicts. Common conflicts in oncology include whether to resuscitate, to give more chemotherapy, and how much truth to tell. These conflicts are magnified because of the life and death scenario of advanced cancer. Denial, avoidance, and hope are psychologic mechanisms that enable adaptation to the life-threatening circumstances. Hope is widely written about though poorly understood and defined. Ethical statements regarding its virtue and importance to preserve are frequently given. In an effort to progress the understanding of hope, two critical features are defined: (1) hope as a thought process only exists in the future, and (2) hope is only ever associated with positive and good thoughts. The future is unknown and uncertain; therefore, hoping can be manipulated by presenting statistics in a way to boost hoping. Thus a dilemma and specific ethical responsibility falls on oncologists when discussing conflicts. Furthermore, since hope is a subjective assessment of a possibility that is considered “good” by the hoper, it cannot be perceived as “false.” “False hope” is an erroneous assessment. Finally, this article introduces the concept that there might be a role to stop hoping—since hope of the future is also filled with doubt and fear—and instead live in the present and try to find joy and meaning today.
Multidisciplinary Management of Thymic Carcinoma
Authors: Riely Gregory J. , Huang James , Rimner Andreas 
Published: February 2020

Overview: Thymic carcinomas represent approximately 10% of thymic tumors. In our approach to patients with thymic carcinoma, we emphasize multimodality treatment with close communication between the pathologist, thoracic surgeon, medical oncologist, and radiation oncologist. Given the paucity of high-quality clinical research data, treatment decisions are guided by a small amount of prospective trial data, retrospective reports, and clinical experience. Surgical management of thymic carcinoma must account for the more aggressive biology, higher degree of local invasion of neighboring structures, greater propensity for nodal metastasis, and higher risk of distant metastatic disease. Although surgical resection remains the most important component in the management of localized thymic tumors, radiation therapy (RT) may be used as adjuvant therapy after surgical resection or as the definitive treatment modality in patients who are deemed unresectable because of medical comorbidities or technical reasons. Systemic therapy for thymic carcinoma is used in two clinical scenarios: preoperative treatment and palliative therapy. First-line, platinum-based chemotherapy regimens are associated with response rates between 22% and 75%. Recent data from targeted therapy trials do not reveal a clear role for targeted therapies for patients with thymic carcinoma.
Lung Cancer in Brazil
Authors: Schwartsmann Gilberto 
Published: February 2020

Overview: Cancer is now the second leading cause of death in Brazil (after cardiovascular diseases) and a public health problem, with around 500,000 new cases in 2012. Excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer, lung cancer is the second most incident cancer type in men, with 17,210 expected new cases. In women, it is the fifth most incident cancer, with 10,110 expected new cases. The estimated age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rate is about 13/100,000 for men and 5.4/100,000 for women. Lung cancer rates in men increased until the early 1990s and decreased thereafter, especially in the younger population. In contrast, a steady upward trend was observed for women. The positive effects in men were probably due to the successful anti-tobacco campaign conducted in Brazil over the last decades, which led to a decrease in the adult smoking population, from 32% in the early 1980s to 17% in the 2000s. Although the Brazilian National Cancer Institute is strongly committed to providing excellence in multimodality care to cancer patients, limitations in availability and adequate geographic distribution of specialists and well-equipped cancer centers are evident. Major disparities in patient access to proper staging and state-of-the-art treatment still exist. Considering that World Health Organization (WHO) officials estimate that cancer will become the number one cause of death in most developing countries, including Brazil, in the next decades, it is highly recommended for government authorities to implement firm actions to face this tremendous challenge.
Short- and Long-term Cardiovascular Complications of Cancer Treatment: Overview for the Practicing Oncologist
Authors: Shenoy Chetan , Kimmick Gretchen 
Published: February 2020

Overview: As new therapies improve survival from cancer, attention to comorbid illness and complications of therapy—both short- and long-term—become much more important to improving not only quality of life but also overall survival. Recognized for its importance as the leading cause of death in the United States, heart disease often coexists with cancer, and cancer treatment may increase risk and/or severity. In addition, there are well-recognized cardiovascular toxicities of cancer treatment, including not only cardiomyopathy, but also hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and others. Oncologists and cardiologists are working closely to learn more about the complex interaction and to improve management and outcome for patients.
Establishing the Standard of Care for Patients with Newly Diagnosed and Recurrent Glioblastoma
Authors: Gilbert Mark R. 
Published: February 2020

Overview: The current standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma includes maximal safe tumor resection followed by concurrent external-beam radiation with daily low-dose temozolomide followed by 6 to 12 months of adjuvant temozolomide, typically by using a cycle of 5 consecutive days out of 28. Efforts to improve on these results from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)/National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) trial using either dose-dense chemotherapy strategies or combinations with signal transduction modulators have, to date, been unsuccessful. Two large international randomized trials examining the efficacy of adding bevacizumab, an antiangiogenic agent, to the standard treatment have been completed, with expectations of results within in the next 2 years. For recurrent glioblastoma, there are no firmly established standards of care. Although intracavitary insertion of carmustine-impregnated polymers has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), this strategy is not widely used. Bevacizumab has been FDA approved for recurrent glioblastoma, but no randomized trial has clearly demonstrated a survival benefit. Alternative dosing schedules of temozolomide (i.e., metronomic) has modest activity even in patients with prior temozolomide exposure. Clinical trials testing small-molecule signal transduction modulators have been disappointing, although most report a small response rate, suggesting that molecularly definable tumor subpopulations may help guide treatment decisions. Successful implementation of marker-based treatment would lead to personalized care and the creation of individualized standards of care.
Update of the Oxford Overview: New Insight and Perspectives in the Era of Personalized Medicine
Authors: Pritchard Kathleen I. , Bergh Jonas , Burstein Harold J. 
Published: February 2020

Overview: There is great appreciation for the heterogeneity of breast cancers, particularly of hormone-receptor positive breast cancers. A goal of modern oncology managing such heterogeneity is to determine how to individualize therapy based on the specific pathological and biological features of a given tumor. Two distinctive clinical literatures exist to guide treatment of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer. The Oxford Overview, a seminal meta-analysis effort, has recently been updated, and suggests that nearly all patients with ER-positive tumors benefit from adjuvant endocrine therapy. In addition, the overview finds that nearly all subsets of patients with ER-positive tumors also benefit from modern adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. Meanwhile, retrospective subset analyses of specific trials or populations suggests that the benefits of chemotherapy are not so uniform, and in particular that molecular diagnostics assays can identify patients who do not warrant chemotherapy. This article will highlight recent data and controversies in personalizing adjuvant breast cancer therapy.
New Developments in Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Galsky Matthew D. 
Published: February 2020

Overview: Urothelial cancer is among the most chemotherapy-sensitive neoplasms of all the solid tumors. However, for the majority of patients with advanced disease, response durations with conventional treatment are relatively short. Second-line systemic treatment regimens are associated with modest response rates and poor outcomes. Trials in both the first- and second-line settings have demonstrated that a ceiling in efficacy has likely been reached with cytotoxic drugs, particularly in unselected patient populations. Promising areas of investigation include integrating predictive biomarkers to optimize patient selection for specific therapies, disrupting driving oncogenomic mutations, and associated signaling pathways and cotargeting both tumor and the immune system or tumor stroma. In addition, expanded sources of evidence generation are of interest in an effort to refine treatment for the general population of patients with advanced urothelial cancer, not only those who meet the narrow eligibility criteria used in most clinical trials.
New Insights in Cross-Cultural Communication
Authors: Schapira Lidia 
Published: February 2020

Overview: Improving clinician-patient communication, improving clinical decision making, and eliminating mistrust have been identified as three key areas for reducing disparities in care. An important step is the training of cancer professionals to deliver culturally competent care in clinical settings as well as increasing the proportion of underrepresented minorities in the health care workforce. Providing care that is attuned to the patient's cultural preferences begins by talking to the patient about his or her cultural history and identifying the locus of decision making, preferences for disclosure of vital health information, and goals of care. Patients with low literacy and those with poor fluency of the dominant language require additional services. Language interpretation by trained professionals is fundamental to ensure that patients are able to provide informed consent for treatment. A working definition of culture involves multiple dimensions and levels and must be viewed as both dynamic and adaptive, rather than simply as a collection of beliefs and values. Effective cross-cultural education avoids stereotyping and promotes communication and negotiation to solve problems and minimize tension and conflict. Recent research has identified that unconscious biases held by clinicians affect their behavior and recommendations for treatment.
Thymoma: From Chemotherapy to Targeted Therapy
Authors: Girard Nicolas 
Published: February 2020

Overview: Thymic malignancies are rare epithelial tumors that may be aggressive and difficult to treat. Thymomas are frequently eligible for upfront surgical resection. However, nearly 30% of patients present with locally advanced tumor at time of diagnosis, and chemotherapy is then used to reduce the tumor burden—possibly allowing subsequent surgery and/or radiotherapy. Metastatic and recurrent thymic malignancies may be similarly treated with chemotherapy. More recently, the molecular characterization of thymoma led to the identification of potentially druggable targets, laying the foundation to implement personalized medicine for patients.
Important Early Advances in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Bissada Eric , Brana Irene , Siu Lillian L. 
Published: February 2020

Overview: Therapeutic advances in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) are attained by improvement in locoregional and/or distant disease control, as well as by reduction in treatment-related morbidity—especially long-term complications affecting normal organ functions and quality of life. New technological innovations in surgical management, such as transoral robotic surgery (TORS), and in radiotherapy (RT), such as proton and carbon ion therapy, bring promises of equal or superior efficacy outcomes coupled with the potential to minimize normal tissue toxicity. Scientific insights in the systemic treatment of SCCHN, such as novel approaches to overcome epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) resistance, may enable more effective molecular targeting in SCCHN beyond the current armamentarium of available agents. An overarching theme of these early multidisciplinary advances is to enable the delivery of precision-based therapeutic regimens from both the technical and scientific perspectives. Rigorous clinical trial evaluations are necessary to help define their roles in practice.
Upfront Therapy for Myeloma: Tailoring Therapy across the Disease Spectrum
Authors: Rajkumar S. Vincent 
Published: February 2020

Overview: The treatment of multiple myeloma is evolving rapidly. Despite the number of regimens and combinations available, there is lack of data from phase III trials demonstrating superiority of one regimen over the other in terms of overall survival and/or quality of life. The only clear survival signals have come from studies that compared newer regimens with historic ones such as melphalan-prednisone (MP) or vincristine-doxorubicin hydrochloride-thalidomide (VAD). Thus, the choice of therapy at present is often made based on physician discretion, bias, and limited data from phase II studies. Further, the regimens available have considerably different profiles in terms of safety, convenience, and cost. Given the dramatic variations in expected outcome depending on the various known prognostic factors, a risk-adapted strategy is required to provide the best available therapy to each patient based on host factors as well as prognostic markers of disease aggressiveness. This article reviews the current status of myeloma therapy and risk stratification. Results from major phase III trials are reviewed, and a risk-adapted individualized approach to therapy is presented and discussed.
What Is the Best First-Line Treatment Strategy for Patients with Indolent Lymphomas?
Authors: Salles Gilles , Ghesquières Hervé , Bachy Emmanuel 
Published: February 2020

Overview: Although advanced follicular lymphoma is considered incurable, patient outcomes have improved over the last decade with the use of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Multiple treatment options are available and their use depends on clinical presentation (i.e., Ann Arbor stage, tumor burden, symptoms) and patient condition and age. Radiation therapy for patients with limited stage disease remains useful, although its use in the era of anti-CD20 antibodies should be re-evaluated. Single-agent rituximab has been tested in multiple studies with patients with low tumor burden. Short treatment duration provides a response lasting 2 to 3 years, although the benefit of maintenance therapy with rituximab after induction therapy with rituximab remains unproven. When watchful waiting is not an option, a combination of rituximab with chemotherapy is the standard of care: alkylating agents with anthracycline or bendamustine appear to be the most widely used regimens, but alkylating agents alone may still be used in selected patients subgroups. The toxicity of regimens containing fludarabine appears to limit their indication as first-line treatment. In patients responding to one of these combinations, consolidation therapy with rituximab maintenance has been shown to prolong progression-free survival with acceptable toxicity. The benefit of radioimmunotherapy in first-line treatment is still uncertain. With patients surviving for many years, the therapeutic strategy of first-line management should weigh the quality and duration of response against the risk of long-term toxicities.
Preventing Errors in Oncology: Perspective of a Physician Who Is Also a Cancer Patient
Authors: Brook Itzhak 
Published: February 2020

Overview: This article presents my personal experiences as a physician who underwent laryngectomy for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. I describe the numerous medical and surgical errors that occurred during my hospitalization at three different medical centers. It is my hope that my presentation will contribute to the reduction of such errors and lead to a safer hospital environment for patients.