bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crossing matchings and circuits have maximal length
Authors: Kupitz Yaakov S. , Last Hagit , Martini Horst , Perles Micha A. , Pinchasi Rom 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSuppose , . A set of line segments is a matching of if is the set of endpoints of . The length of is the sum of lengths of . is called a crossing matching if every two segments cross. It is shown that a crossing matching (if it exists) is longer than any other matching of . In fact, if is a crossing matching of , and is an arbitrary matching of , then, within the union , we can find polygonal paths that connect to () and are pairwise almost disjoint. In the same vein: suppose . A Hamiltonian ‐circuit on is an asterisk if every two nonadjacent edges of cross. It is shown that if admits an asterisk , then is longer than any other ‐regular geometric graph on . This proves an old conjecture by the first author.
Gallai‐Ramsey number for K4
Authors: Liu Henry , Magnant Colton , Saito Akira , Schiermeyer Ingo , Shi Yongtang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGiven a graph , the ‐colored Gallai‐Ramsey number is defined to be the minimum integer such that every ‐coloring (using all colors) of the complete graph on vertices contains either a rainbow triangle or a monochromatic copy of . Recently, Fox et al [J. Combin. Theory Ser. B, 111 (2015), pp. 75–125] conjectured the value of the Gallai‐Ramsey numbers for complete graphs. We verify this conjecture for the first open case, where .
Efficient simulation of DC‐AC power converters using multirate partial differential equations
Authors: Pels Andreas , Sabariego Ruth V. , Schöps Sebastian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSwitch‐mode power converters are used in various applications to convert between different voltage (or current) levels. They use transistors to switch on and off the input voltage to generate a pulsed voltage whose arithmetic average is the desired output voltage of the converter. After smoothening by filters, the converter output is used to supply devices. The simulation of these switch‐mode power converters by conventional time discretization is computationally expensive since a high number of time steps is necessary to properly resolve the unknown state variables and detect switch events of the excitation. This paper proposes a multirate method based on the concept of multirate partial differential equations (MPDEs), which splits the solution into fast varying and slowly varying parts. The method is designed to work with pulse‐width modulated (PWM) excitation with a constant switching cycle and varying duty cycle. It is applicable to problems in which the circuit part generating the pulsed voltage, i.e., consisting of transistors, diodes, and voltage sources, can be approximated by an ideal PWM excitation. Switching‐event detection is no longer necessary and a much smaller number of time steps are required for a decent resolution, thus leading to a highly efficient method. The important case of varying duty cycles in the MPDE framework is addressed for the first time.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia caused by a large homozygous deletion including exons 1–4 of DRC1 in Japanese patients with recurrent sinopulmonary infection
Authors: Keicho Naoto , Hijikata Minako , Morimoto Kozo , Homma Sakae , Taguchi Yoshio , Azuma Arata , Kudoh Shoji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is a sinopulmonary disease mainly affecting Asian populations. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder impairing ciliary structure and function. These two disorders are not easily distinguished by clinical signs and symptoms.MethodsIn 105 Japanese patients with recurrent sinopulmonary infection, initially diagnosed with DPB, and 37 patients with recurrent airway infection diagnosed in adulthood, the deletion allele of DRC1 or CCDC164, recently recognized as a pathogenic PCD gene variant, was searched using a multiplexed PCR‐based method, and the deletion breakpoints and other variants around the gene were determined by Sanger sequencing and targeted resequencing.ResultsA large homozygous deletion in DRC1 was identified in three of the 142 patients. Furthermore, heterozygous carriers of the deletion with the same breakpoint were found with the allele frequency of 0.002 in the healthy Japanese population, indicating that this loss‐of‐function variant may be acting as a common mutation causing PCD in Japanese.ConclusionPCD caused by the DRC1 defect is not readily identified by either high‐speed video‐microscopy or ciliary ultrastructure analysis, posing significant difficulties in reaching a correct diagnosis without the aid of genetic tests. Careful investigation of the causes of sinopulmonary diseases is warranted in Asian populations.
Association of fitness and body fatness with left ventricular mass: The Heart Health Study
Authors: Rogers Renee J. , Schelbert Erik B. , Lang Wei , Fridman Yaron , Yuan Nalingna , Jakicic John M. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryObjectiveLeft ventricular mass (LVM) is a clinical prognostic indicator of cardiovascular disease. Left ventricular mass is associated with body size (body mass index [BMI], weight, and body surface area [BSA]). This study examined if the association between body size (weight, BMI, and BSA) and LVM is influenced by body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults who are overweight or obese.MethodsThis study included cross‐sectional baseline data from a randomized clinical trial. Participants included 379 adults (age, 45.6 ± 7.9 y) who were overweight or obese (BMI, 32.4 ± 3.8 kg·m−2). Measures included weight, height, BMI, BSA, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and LVM by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).ResultsLeft ventricular mass was positively associated with weight, BMI, BSA, and fitness (P < .0001) and inversely associated with percent body fat (P < .0001). Stepwise multiple regression models showed that body fatness was inversely associated and cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with LVM even after considering weight, BMI, or BSA in the analyses.ConclusionsThese cross‐sectional findings support that in adults who are overweight or obese but otherwise relatively healthy, LVM is associated with both body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness. This may indicate the need to reduce body fatness and improve fitness for patients with obesity to enhance cardiovascular structure and function.
Biobehavioural approaches to prevention and treatment: A call for implementation science in obesity research
Authors: Kaiser Kathryn A. , Carson Tiffany L. , Dhurandhar Emily J. , Neumeier William H. , Cardel Michelle I. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryMuch progress has been made in the last 30 years in understanding the causes and mechanisms that contribute to obesity, yet widely available and successful strategies for prevention and treatment remain elusive at population levels. This paper discusses the biobehavioural framework and provides suggestions for applying it to enable greater progress in the science of obesity prevention and treatment, including an increased focus on implementation of science strategies. The objective is to promote a re‐evaluation of current views about preventing and treating obesity within a unified biobehavioural framework. Further integration of research exploring how both behavioural and biological components interact is a critical step forward.
Adverse childhood experiences and cognitive function among adults with excess adiposity
Authors: Hawkins Misty , Ciciolla Lucia , Colaizzi Janna , Keirns Natalie , Smith Caitlin , Stout Madison , Addante Samantha , Armans Mira , Erato Gina 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and obesity are independently associated with brain/neurocognitive health. Despite a growing emphasis on the importance of early life adversity on health, the relationship between ACEs and neurocognition in adults with overweight/obesity is unclear. The objective was to examine associations between self‐reported ACEs and measured neurocognitive domains in a sample of adults with overweight/obesity.MethodsParticipants were 95 predominantly white, highly educated adult women (76% female, 81% Caucasian, and 75% ≥ bachelor's degree) with excess adiposity enrolled in the Cognitive and Self‐regulatory Mechanisms of Obesity Study. ACEs and fluid/crystallized neurocognitive domains were measured at baseline using the Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale and the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery and Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metric, respectively.ResultsHigher ACEs scores were negatively correlated with fluid cognition (r = −.34, P < .001) but not crystallized cognition (r = .01, ns). Individuals with 3 and 4+ ACEs displayed significantly lower fluid cognition scores than those with fewer ACEs F4,89 = 3.24, P < .05. After accounting for body mass index (BMI), age, sex, race, and education, higher ACEs scores were still associated with poorer performance on overall fluid cognition (β = −.36, P < .01), along with the following subtests: Stroop Colour/Word test (β = −.23, P < .05), Go/No‐Go omissions (β = .29, P < .01), and Picture Sequence Memory task (β = −.30, P < .01).ConclusionsThe role of ACEs in health may be related to their associations with executive function and episodic neurocognitive domains essential to cognitive processing and self‐regulation. Obesity science should further examine the role of ACEs and neurocognition in obesity prevention, prognosis, and treatment using more rigorous, prospective designs and more diverse samples.
Disparities in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates: Solvable or not?
Authors: Badal Simone , Aiken William , Morrison Belinda , Valentine Henkel , Bryan Sophia , Gachii Andrew , Ragin Camille 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is recognized as a disease possessing not only great variation in its geographic and racial distribution but also tremendous variation in its potential to cause morbidity and death and it, therefore, ought not to be considered a homogenous disease entity. Morbidity and death from PCa are disproportionately higher in men of African ancestry (MAA) who are generally observed to have more aggressive disease and worse outcomes following treatment compared to men of European ancestry (MEA). The higher rates of PCa among MAA relative to MEA appear to be multifactorial and related to inherent differences in biological aggressiveness; a continued lack of awareness of the disease and methods of prevention; a lower prevalence of screen‐detected PCa; comparatively lower access to quality healthcare as well as systemic and institutionalized disparities in the administration of optimal care to MAA in developed countries such as the United States of America where high‐quality care is available. Even when access to quality healthcare is assured in equal access settings, it appears that MAA still have worse outcomes after PCa treatment stage‐for‐stage and grade‐for‐grade compared to MEA, suggesting that, inherent racial, ethnic and biological differences are paramount in predicting poor outcomes. This review has explored the different contributing factors to the current disparities in PCa incidence and mortality rates with emphasis on the incongruence in how research has been conducted in understanding the disease towards developing therapies.
Socio‐spatial inequalities and dynamics of rich and poor enclaves in three French cities: A policy of social mixing under test
Authors: Najib Kawtar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper analyses and compares the dynamics of sociospatial inequalities in districts of three cities located in the Northeast of France for the period 1990–1999–2006. The idea is to measure and track the dynamics of these inequalities that reveal significant urban fractures. Sociospatial disparities between districts and changes in them are measured using a multidate factorial statistical analysis. To do this, this paper collates 17 indicators from population censuses referring to characteristics of households and housing so as to compare not just the level of segregation but also the trajectory of neighbourhoods towards greater gentrification, pauperisation, or mixing. By analysing the selective processes of population distribution and urban change and monitoring them over time, this paper shows that inequalities have intensified in the three studied cities and that rich and poor segregated enclaves have become accentuated despite the objectives of social mixing of French urban policies. Other explanatory factors are therefore highlighted, such as the urban functions of the cities, residents' behaviours, and the “hidden” ethnic dimension, that all question the effectiveness of governmental actions, particularly on social mixing and diversity.
Magnetic order and valence fluctuation in a PuGa intermetallic compound studied via a first principles calculation
Authors: Li Ru‐song , Lu Xing , Xin Du‐qiang , Wang Jin‐tao , Ao Bing‐yun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn order to reveal electronic properties of a plutonium‐gallium intermetallic compound (Pu3Ga), and its potential implication for microscopic mechanisms for effects of Ga doping on the electronic and structural properties, as well as the phase stability of delta‐phase PuGa alloy, a first principles calculation on the magnetic properties of this system is implemented by using density functional theory (DFT) plus on‐site Coulomb repulsion U with nonmagnetic, ferromagnetic, and antiferromagnetic (AFM) orders, while the intermediate correlation effect, which is beyond the scope of pure itinerant and localized electronic model, is investigated by using a many‐body technique combining DFT and dynamical mean‐field theory considering the dynamical correlation effect due to the incompletely filled Pu 5f orbitals and the relativistic effect by inclusion of spin‐orbit coupling (SOC). Our findings show that Pu3Ga is a bad metal with AFM order, which is in good agreement with the experimental magnetic measurement. SOC further splitting Pu 5f states into j = 5/2 and j = 7/2 manifolds, the former exhibits metallic character, while the latter insulating feature. Occupation analysis establishes that an average occupancy of Pu 5f electrons in Pu3Ga is nf = 4.9598, this result together with the spectrum function indicates that 5f electrons in this system might be a localized state with strong valence fluctuation. Additionally, optimization of lattice parameter, density of state, and momentum‐resolved electronic spectrum function are also presented.
The influence of CEO risk tolerance on initial pay packages
Authors: Graffin Scott D. , Hubbard Timothy D. , Christensen Dane M. , Lee Eric Y. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryBased on agency theory, CEOs with greater risk aversion should be given greater incentive‐based compensation to motivate risk taking. We explore whether new CEOs receive initial pay packages that follow this recommendation, or instead receive pay packages that mirror their risk preferences. Rather than finding support for the agency theory perspective, we find that new CEOs are compensated in the way that reinforces their existing risk preferences. Specifically, using a CEO's political orientation to capture relative risk tolerance, we find that conservative‐leaning CEOs receive relatively less performance‐based pay than their liberal‐leaning counterparts. Supplemental analyses suggest this occurs through both a matching and tailoring process, whereby boards offer similar pay packages from CEO‐to‐CEO, but modify them based on differences in risk tolerances.Managerial SummaryWhen designing a new CEO's pay contract, what proportion of the total compensation should be guaranteed versus performance based? To encourage risk taking, most researchers suggest that CEOs with greater risk aversion should have a pay mix that is more heavily weighted toward performance‐based pay. We find that the opposite occurs; new CEOs who are more risk averse tend to receive relatively less performance‐based pay than new CEOs who are more risk tolerant. This appears to occur because CEOs are attracted to firms that offered the prior CEO a pay package that appeals to the new CEO's risk tolerance. Our results also suggest that risk‐seeking CEOs' strategic actions are more strongly influenced by performance‐based pay, while more risk‐averse CEOs seem relatively unaffected by pay mix.
Microfluidics for Production of Particles: Mechanism, Methodology, and Applications
Authors: Liu Zehua , Fontana Flavia , Python Andre , Hirvonen Jouni T. , Santos Hélder A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the past two decades, microfluidics‐based particle production is widely applied for multiple biological usages. Compared to conventional bulk methods, microfluidic‐assisted particle production shows significant advantages, such as narrower particle size distribution, higher reproducibility, improved encapsulation efficiency, and enhanced scaling‐up potency. Herein, an overview of the recent progress of the microfluidics technology for nano‐, microparticles or droplet fabrication, and their biological applications is provided. For both nano‐, microparticles/droplets, the previously established mechanisms behind particle production via microfluidics and some typical examples during the past five years are discussed. The emerging interdisciplinary technologies based on microfluidics that have produced microparticles or droplets for cellular analysis and artificial cells fabrication are summarized. The potential drawbacks and future perspectives are also briefly discussed.
Increase of major complications with a longer ischemia time in breast reconstruction with a free deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap
Authors: Hillberg Nadine S. , Beugels Jop , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , van der Hulst René R. J. W. , Tuinder Stefania M. H. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap is one of the most used free flaps for postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Prolonged ischemia can result in (partial) flap loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between ischemia time and postoperative complications of DIEP flap breast reconstruction.

Methods
A retrospective study of all patients who received a breast reconstructionwith aDIEP flap atMaastricht University Medical Center in theNetherlands, between January 2010 and June 2017 (n = 677). The flaps were divided into two groups: flaps with an ischemia time less than 60 min and those with 60 min or more. Recipient site complications, in particular major complications equal to re-exploration, and partial or total flap loss were the primary outcome measures.

Results
In 23.9% of the 677 included DIEP flaps, the ischemia time was 60 min or longer. Within this group, a complication of the recipient site occurred in 30.9% of the flaps. A major complication occurred in 17.3% of the flaps with 60 min or more ischemia time.With regard to the flaps with less than 60-min ischemia time, a complication occurred in 22.1% of the cases of which 8.9%would be considered amajor complication. A significant association was found between ischemia time and major complications on univariate (p value = 0.003) and multivariate analyses (p value = 0.016).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that an ischemia time less than 60 min is associated with a significantly lower risk of major recipient site complications compared to an ischemia time of 60 min or more.
Level of evidence: Level III, therapeutic, risk/prognostic study.
The repeatability of bilateral diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the upper leg muscles of healthy adults
Authors: Monte Jithsa R. , Hooijmans Melissa T. , Froeling Martijn , Oudeman Jos , Tol Johannes L. , Maas Mario , Strijkers Gustav J. , Nederveen Aart J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Assessment of the repeatability of diffusion parameter estimations in the upper leg muscles of healthy adults over the time course of 2 weeks, from a simultaneous bilateral upper leg DTI measurement.

Methods
SE-EPI DTI datasets were acquired at 3 T in the upper legs of 15 active adults at a time interval of 2 weeks. ROIs were manually drawn for four quadriceps and three hamstring muscles of both legs. The following DTI parameters were analyzed: 1st, 2nd, and 3rd eigenvalue (λ1, λ2, and λ3), mean diffusivity (MD), and fractional anisotropy (FA). DTI parameters per muscle were calculated with and without intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) correction together with SNR levels per muscle. Bland-Altman plots and within-subject coefficient of variation (wsCV) were calculated. Left-right differences between muscles were assessed.

Results
The Bland-Altman analysis showed good repeatability of all DTI parameters except FA for both the IVIM-corrected and standard data. wsCV values show that MD has the highest repeatability (4.5% IVIM; 5.6% standard), followed by λ2 (4.9% IVIM; 5.5% standard), λ1 (5.3% IVIM; 7.5% standard), and λ3 (5.7% IVIM; 5.7% standard). wsCV values of FA were 15.2% for the IVIM-corrected data and 13.9% for the standard analysis. The SNR (41.8 ± 16.0 right leg, 41.7 ± 17.1 left leg) and wsCV values were similar for the left and right leg and no left-right bias was detected.

Conclusions
Repeatability was good for standard DTI data and slightly better for IVIM-corrected DTI data. Our protocol is suitable for DTI of the upper legs with overall good SNR.

Key Points
• The presented DTI protocol is repeatable and therefore suitable for bilateral DT imaging of the upper legs.
• Additional B1
+
calibrations improve SNR and repeatability.
• Correcting for perfusion effects improves repeatability.
Impact of free-living pattern of sedentary behaviour on intra-day glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Paing Aye C. , McMillan Kathryn A. , Kirk Alison F. , Collier Andrew , Hewitt Allan , Chastin Sebastien F. M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate how the pattern of sedentary behaviour affects intra-day glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes.

Methods
This intensive longitudinal study was conducted in 37 participants with type 2 diabetes (age, 62.8 ± 10.5 years). Glucose and sedentary behaviour/physical activity were assessed with a continuous glucose monitoring (Abbott FreeStyle Libre) and an activity monitor (activPAL3) for 14 days. Multiple regression models with generalised estimating equations (GEEs) approach were used to assess the associations of sedentary time and breaks in sedentary time with pre-breakfast glucose, pre-lunch glucose, pre-dinner glucose, post-breakfast glucose, post-lunch glucose, post-dinner glucose, bedtime glucose, the dawn phenomenon, time in target glucose range (TIR, glucose 3.9–10 mmol/L) and time above target glucose range (TAR, glucose > 10 mmol/L).

Results
Sedentary time was associated with higher pre-breakfast glucose (p = 0.001), pre-dinner glucose (p < 0.001), post-lunch glucose (p = 0.005), post-dinner glucose (p = 0.013) and the dawn phenomenon (p < 0.001). Breaks in sedentary time were associated with lower pre-breakfast glucose (p = 0.023), pre-dinner glucose (p = 0.023), post-breakfast glucose (p < 0.001) and the dawn phenomenon (p = 0.004). The association between sedentary time and less TIR (p = 0.022) and the association between breaks in sedentary time and more TIR (p = 0.001) were also observed.

Conclusions
Reducing sedentary time and promoting breaks in sedentary time could be clinically relevant to improve intra-day glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes.