bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Production System by Light‐Induced α‐FeOOH Coupled with Photoreduction
Authors: Yamada Tetsuya , Suzuki Norihiro , Nakata Kazuya , Terashima Chiaki , Matsushita Nobuhiro , Okada Kiyoshi , Fujishima Akira , Katsumata Ken‐ichi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSolar‐driven catalysts on semiconductors to produce hydrogen are considered as a means to solve environmental issues. In this study, H2 production coupling with oxygen consumption by noble metal‐free α‐FeOOH was demonstrated even though the conduction band edge was lower than the reduction potential of H+ to H2. For activation of α‐FeOOH, an electron donor, Hg‐Xe irradiation, and low pH (ca. 5) were indispensable factors. The H2 production from H2O was confirmed by GC‐MS using isotope‐labeled water (D2O) and deuterated methanol. The α‐FeOOH synthesized by coprecipitation method showed 25 times more active than TiO2. The photocatalytic activity was stable for over 400 h. Our study suggests that α‐FeOOH known as rust can produce H2 by light induction.
Single‐Chain Magnet Based on Cobalt(II) Thiocyanate as XXZ Spin Chain
Authors: Rams Michał , Jochim Aleksej , Böhme Michael , Lohmiller Thomas , Ceglarska Magdalena , Rams Marek M. , Schnegg Alexander , Plass Winfried , Näther Christian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe cobalt(II) in [Co(NCS)2(4‐methoxypyridine)2]n are linked by pairs of thiocyanate anions into linear chains. In contrast to a previous structure determination, two crystallographically independent cobalt(II) centers have been found to be present. In the antiferromagnetic state, below the critical temperature (Tc=3.94 K) and critical field (Hc=290 Oe), slow relaxations of the ferromagnetic chains are observed. They originate mainly from defects in the magnetic structure, which has been elucidated by micromagnetic Monte Carlo simulations and ac measurements using pristine and defect samples. The energy barriers of the relaxations are Δτ1=44.9(5) K and Δτ2=26.0(7) K for long and short spin chains, respectively. The spin excitation energy, measured by using frequency‐domain EPR spectroscopy, is 19.1 cm−1 and shifts 0.1 cm−1 due to the magnetic ordering. Ab initio calculations revealed easy‐axis anisotropy for both CoII centers, and also an exchange anisotropy Jxx/Jzz of 0.21. The XXZ anisotropic Heisenberg model (solved by using the density renormalization matrix group technique) was used to reconcile the specific heat, susceptibility, and EPR data.
CuMoO4 Bimetallic Nanoparticles, An Efficient Catalyst for Room Temperature C−S Cross‐Coupling of Thiols and Haloarenes
Authors: Panigrahi Reba , Sahu Santosh Kumar , Behera Pradyota Kumar , Panda Subhalaxmi , Rout Laxmidhar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCuII catalyst is less efficient at room temperature for C−S cross‐coupling. C−S cross‐coupling by CuII catalyst at room temperature is not reported; however, doping of copper with molybdenum metal has been realized here to be more efficient for C−S cross‐coupling in comparison to general CuII catalyst. The doped catalyst CuMoO4 nanoparticle is found to be more efficient than copper. The catalyst works under mild conditions without any ligand at room temperature and is recyclable and effective for a wide range of thiols and haloarenes (ArI, ArBr, ArF) from milligram to gram scale. The copper‐based bimetallic catalyst is developed and recognized for C−S cross‐coupling of haloarenes with alkyl and aryl thiols.
AuI‐Catalyzed Haloalkynylation of Alkenes
Authors: García‐Fernández Pedro D. , Izquierdo Cristina , Iglesias‐Sigüenza Javier , Díez Elena , Fernández Rosario , Lassaletta José M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe formal insertion of alkenes into aromatic chloro‐ and bromoalkynes takes place under cationic gold catalysis. This haloalkynylation reaction can be performed with cyclic, gem‐disubstituted and monosubstituted alkenes, using BINAP, triazolo[4,3‐b]isoquinolin‐3‐ylidene ligands or SPhos, respectively. The products were isolated in moderate to excellent yields and with complete diastereo‐ and regioselectivity; the halogen atom bonding the more substituted carbon of the alkene. Preliminary experiments showed that the enantioselective haloalkynylation of cyclopentene can be performed with (S)‐BINAP to afford the insertion products with moderate to good enantioselectivities.
Urinary excretion profile of prednisone and prednisolone after different administration routes
Authors: Mazzarino Monica , Piantadosi Chiara , Comunità Fabio , de la Torre Xavier , Botrè Francesco 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe urinary excretion profile of prednisolone and prednisone after both systemic (i.e., oral) and topical (i.e., ocular and intranasal) administration was studied by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, also to select the most appropriate marker(s) of intake for doping control purposes.Urines were collected from ten subjects every 3 h before and after the administration of therapeutic doses of pharmaceutical formulations containing either prednisone or prednisolone. Samples were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis (performed for the investigation on the glucuronide profile) followed by liquid/liquid extraction with tert‐butylmethylether in alkaline conditions. The chromatographic separation was carried out on C18 column, employing as mobile phases ultrapurified water and acetonitrile, both containing 0.1% of formic acid. Detection was achieved using as mass spectrometric analyzer a triple quadrupole, with positive ion electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring as acquisition mode.After both systemic and topical use, the compounds excreted in urine in higher concentration were prednisone, prednisolone and 20β‐dihydro‐prednisolone followed by 20α‐dihydro‐prednisolone and 20α/β‐dihydro‐prednisone. All were excreted mainly as unconjugated compounds, with a maximum of excretion in the first 3–9 h after the administration.After systemic use, prednisone and prednisolone were both detectable for at least 24 h in concentrations ranging from 5 to 500 ng/mL and from 5 to 900 ng/mL respectively. Whereas, after topical administration, prednisone and prednisolone were detectable for at least 18 h in concentrations ranging from 5 to 140 ng/mL and from 5 to 50 ng/mL respectively.
Red oak seedlings as indicators of deer browse pressure: Gauging the outcome of different white‐tailed deer management approaches
Authors: Blossey Bernd , Curtis Paul , Boulanger Jason , Dávalos Andrea 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAfter decades of high deer populations, North American forests have lost much of their previous biodiversity. Any landscape‐level recovery requires substantial reductions in deer herds, but modern societies and wildlife management agencies appear unable to devise appropriate solutions to this chronic ecological and human health crisis. We evaluated the effectiveness of fertility control and hunting in reducing deer impacts at Cornell University. We estimated spring deer populations and plantedQuercus rubraseedlings to assess deer browse pressure, rodent attack, and other factors compromising seedling performance. Oak seedlings protected in cages grew well, but deer annually browsed ≥60% of unprotected seedlings. Despite female sterilization rates of >90%, the deer population remained stable. Neither sterilization nor recreational hunting reduced deer browse rates and neither appears able to achieve reductions in deer populations or their impacts. We eliminated deer sterilization and recreational hunting in a core management area in favor of allowing volunteer archers to shoot deer over bait, including at night. This resulted in a substantial reduction in the deer population and a linear decline in browse rates as a function of spring deer abundance. Public trust stewardship of North American landscapes will require a fundamental overhaul in deer management to provide for a brighter future, and oak seedlings may be a promising metric to assess success. These changes will require intense public debate and may require new approaches such as regulated commercial hunting, natural dispersal, or intentional release of important deer predators (e.g., wolves and mountain lions). Such drastic changes in deer management will be highly controversial, and at present, likely difficult to implement in North America. However, the future of our forest ecosystems and their associated biodiversity will depend on evidence to guide change in landscape management and stewardship.
Wood‐Derived Carbon Fibers Embedded with SnOx Nanoparticles as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Revathi Janardhanan , Jyothirmayi Adduru , Rao Tata Narasinga , Deshpande Atul Suresh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCarbon–SnOx composites are obtained by impregnating acetylacetone‐treated, delignified wood fibers with tin precursor and successively carbonizing at 1000 °C in 95% argon and 5% oxygen. Scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen sorption studies (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) show that acetylacetone treatment stabilizes the wood fiber structure during carbonization at 1000 °C and preserves the porous structural features. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies show that the small amount of oxygen introduced in inert atmosphere passivates the surface of tin nanoparticles. The passivation process yields thermally and electrochemically stable SnOx particles embedded in carbon matrix. The resultant carbon–SnOx material with 16 wt% SnOx shows excellent electrochemical performance of rate capability from 0.1 to 10 A g−1 and cycling stability for 1000 cycles with Li‐ion storage capacity of 280 mAh g−1 at a current density of 10 A g−1. The remarkable electrochemical performance of wood‐derived carbon–SnOx composite is attributed to the reproduction of structural featured wood fibers to nanoscale in carbon–SnOx composite and controlled passivation of tin nanoparticles to yield SnOx nanoparticles.
Prediction of Survival Among Patients Receiving Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Response‐Based Approach
Authors: Han Guohong , Berhane Sarah , Toyoda Hidenori , Bettinger Dominik , Elshaarawy Omar , Chan Anthony W. H. , Kirstein Martha , Mosconi Cristina , Hucke Florian , Palmer Daniel , Pinato David J. , Sharma Rohini , Ottaviani Diego , Jang Jeong W. , Labeur Tim A. , van Delden Otto M. , Pirisi Mario , Stern Nick , Sangro Bruno , Meyer Tim , Fateen Waleed , García‐Fiñana Marta , Gomaa Asmaa , Waked Imam , Rewisha Eman , Aithal Guru P. , Travis Simon , Kudo Masatoshi , Cucchetti Alessandro , Peck‐Radosavljevic Markus , Takkenberg R.B. , Chan Stephen L. , Vogel Arndt , Johnson Philip J. 
Published: November 2019

Background and Aims
The heterogeneity of intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the widespread use of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) outside recommended guidelines have encouraged the development of scoring systems that predict patient survival. The aim of this study was to build and validate statistical models that offer individualized patient survival prediction using response to TACE as a variable.

Approach and Results
Clinically relevant baseline parameters were collected for 4,621 patients with HCC treated with TACE at 19 centers in 11 countries. In some of the centers, radiological responses (as assessed by modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [mRECIST]) were also accrued. The data set was divided into a training set, an internal validation set, and two external validation sets. A pre‐TACE model (“Pre‐TACE‐Predict”) and a post‐TACE model (“Post‐TACE‐Predict”) that included response were built. The performance of the models in predicting overall survival (OS) was compared with existing ones. The median OS was 19.9 months. The factors influencing survival were tumor number and size, alpha‐fetoprotein, albumin, bilirubin, vascular invasion, cause, and response as assessed by mRECIST. The proposed models showed superior predictive accuracy compared with existing models (the hepatoma arterial embolization prognostic score and its various modifications) and allowed for patient stratification into four distinct risk categories whose median OS ranged from 7 months to more than 4 years.

Conclusions
A TACE‐specific and extensively validated model based on routinely available clinical features and response after first TACE permitted patient‐level prognostication.
Executive compensation and firm performance: Evidence from cross‐listed AH‐share firms
Authors: Cui Xuegang , Xu Lei , Zhang Huili , Zhang Yuxiao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe apply sensitivity of executive compensation to firm performance as an effective measurement of corporate governance to examine the bonding mechanism among the cross‐listed Chinese firms between 2005 and 2017. Our sample covers the nonfinancial firms listed on both China and Hong Kong stock exchanges (AH‐share firms) and firms in China only (A‐share firms). We find that AH‐share firms have much higher sensitivity of executive compensation to firm performance than A‐share firms. However, the bonding effect only exists when executive cash compensation and firm accounting performance are considered. Executive compensation on stock return, chief executive officer turnover on firm accounting performance, or chief executive officer turnover on stock market performance, all demonstrate no bonding effect. The results are attributed to institutional environment in which executive compensation is solely dependent on accounting profits among Chinese firms, and the A‐share market offers weak investor protection. We also find that both legal and reputational bonding effects work on improved governance of AH‐share firms, although such effects are highly dependent on specific market mechanisms including that of firm executives. Our findings may contribute to current bonding literature and have policy implications on future state‐owned enterprise reforms.
Simultaneous detection of cerebral blood perfusion and cerebral edema using swept‐source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Liu Jian , Li Yan , Yu Yao , Yuan Xincheng , Lv Hongyu , Liu Lanxiang , Zhao Yuqian , Wang Yi , Ma Zhenhe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe progression of ischemic cerebral edema (CE) is closely related to the level of cerebral blood perfusion (CBP) and affects each other. Simultaneous detection of CBP and CE is helpful in understanding the mechanisms of ischemic CE development. In this article, a wide field of view swept‐source optical coherence tomography system was used to detect CE status and CBP levels simultaneously in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats. Images reflecting these two physiological states can be reconstructed with only one C‐scan. We quantify these two physiological states into four parameters, which contain two vascular parameters (vascular displacement distance and vascular perfusion density) and two edema parameters (optical attenuation coefficient and edema area). The association between the two vascular parameters and the two edema parameters was analyzed. The results show that there is a strong linear relationship between blood flow parameters and edema parameters. This work provides a new option for CE in vivo detection, and is very likely to play an important role in the development of relevant drugs or in selection of treatment options.
Pharmacokinetics of Upadacitinib in Healthy Subjects and Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis, or Atopic Dermatitis: Population Analyses of Phase 1 and 2 Clinical Trials
Authors: Nader Ahmed , Stodtmann Sven , Friedel Anna , Mohamed Mohamed‐Eslam F. , Othman Ahmed A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUpadacitinib (ABT‐494) is a selective Janus kinase (JAK)1 inhibitor being developed for treatment of several inflammatory disorders. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed for upadacitinib using 11,658 plasma concentrations from 1145 subjects from 4 phase 1 and 5 phase 2 studies in healthy subjects and subjects with rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or atopic dermatitis. A 2‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and lag time for the immediate‐release formulation and mixed zero‐ and first‐order absorption with lag time for the extended‐release formulation, and linear elimination adequately described upadacitinib plasma concentration–time profiles. The oral bioavailability of upadacitinib extended‐release formulation was estimated to be approximately 80% relative to the immediate‐release formulation. Covariates included in the final model were creatinine clearance, subject population (healthy subjects vs subjects with atopic dermatitis, ulcerative colitis, or Crohn's disease vs subjects with rheumatoid arthritis) and sex on apparent oral clearance and sex and body weight on apparent volume of distribution of the central compartment. Female subjects had 21% higher upadacitinib steady‐state area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) compared to male subjects. Compared to healthy subjects, subjects with atopic dermatitis, ulcerative colitis, or Crohn's disease had 21% higher upadacitinib steady‐state AUC, while subjects with rheumatoid arthritis had 35% higher steady‐state AUC. Subjects with mild or moderate renal impairment were estimated to have 10% or 22% higher AUC, respectively, compared to subjects with normal renal function. Based on final model parameter estimates, effects of the tested covariates are not expected to result in clinically relevant changes in upadacitinib steady‐state exposures.
Translating genomic testing results for pediatric critical care: Opportunities for genetic counselors
Authors: Deuitch Natalie , Soo‐Jin Lee Sandra , Char Danton 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGenomic sequencing (GS), such as whole genome and exome sequencing, is rapidly being integrated into pediatric critical care settings. Results are being used to make high impact decisions including declarations of futility, withdrawal of care, and rationing of scarce resources. In this qualitative study, we conducted interviews with clinicians involved in the care of critically ill children with congenital heart disease (CHD) to investigate their views on implementation of GS into clinical practice. Interviews were transcribed and inductively analyzed for major themes using grounded theory and thematic analysis. Three major themes emerged surrounding the use of genomic information in the high‐stakes, time pressured decision making that characterizes clinical care of critically ill children with CHD: (a) that clinicians felt they did not have sufficient training to accurately assess genetic results despite pressure to incorporate results into clinical decisions; (b), that they desire knowledge support from genetic specialists, such as genetic counselors, who both understand the critical care context and are available within the time constraints of critical care clinical pressures; and (c), that clinicians feel a pressing need for increased genetics education to be able to safely and appropriately incorporate GS results into clinical decisions Our data suggest that genetics specialists may need a stronger presence in the pediatric critical care setting.
Moving off Agrarian Societies: Agricultural Productivity to Facilitate Economic Transformations and Non‐agricultural Employment Growth in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Djoumessi Yannick Fosso , Kamdem Cyrille Bergaly , Ndeffo Nembot Luc 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe main objectives of this work are two‐fold: we seek first to specify the relationship between agricultural productivity and non‐agricultural employment and second to assess the effect of productivity growth on the employment of the off‐farm sector in the long run. The econometric results of our panel vector autoregressive depict a causal relationship with single direction from agricultural productivity to non‐agricultural employment. Between productivity and inequalities, causality seems to function only from productivity to inequalities. This explains the fact that productivity growth generates significant inequalities in the distribution of income, which is necessary to enhancing investments in the agricultural sector. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accessing surgical care for pancreaticoduodenectomy: Patient variation in travel distance and choice to bypass hospitals to reach higher volume centers
Authors: Diaz Adrian , Burns Sarah , Paredes Anghela Z. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhile better outcomes at high‐volume surgical centers have driven regionalization of complex surgical care, access to high‐volume centers often requires travel over longer distances. We sought to evaluate travel patterns of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic cancer to assess willingness of patients to travel for surgical care.MethodsThe California Office of Statewide Health Planning database was used to identify patients who underwent PD between 2005 and 2016. Total distance traveled, as well as whether a patient bypassed the nearest hospital that performed PD to get to a higher‐volume center was assessed. Multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with bypassing a local hospital for a higher‐volume center.ResultsAmong 23 014 patients who underwent PD, individuals traveled a median distance of 18.0 miles to get to a hospital that performed PD. The overwhelming majority (84%) of patients bypassed the nearest providing hospital and traveled a median additional 16.6 miles to their destination hospital. Among patients who bypassed the nearest hospital, 13,269 (68.6%) did so for a high‐volume destination hospital. Specifically, average annual PD volume at the nearest “bypassed” vs final destination hospital was 29.6 vs 56 cases, respectively. Outcomes at bypassed vs destination hospitals varied (incidence of complications: 39.2% vs 32.4%; failure‐to‐rescue: 14.5% vs 9.1%). PD at a high‐volume center was associated with lower mortality (OR = 0.46 95% CI, 0.22‐0.95). High‐volume PD ( > 20 cases) was predictive of hospital bypass (OR = 3.8 95% CI, 3.3‐4.4). Among patients who had surgery at a low‐volume center, nearly 20% bypassed a high‐volume hospital in route. Furthermore, among patients who did not bypass a high‐volume hospital, one‐third would have needed to travel only an additional 30 miles or less to reach the nearest high‐volume hospital.ConclusionMost patients undergoing PD bypassed the nearest providing hospital to seek care at a higher‐volume hospital. While these data reflect increased regionalization of complex surgical care, nearly 1 in 5 patients still underwent PD at a low‐volume center.