bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A system for probing Casimir energy corrections to the condensation energy
Authors: Pérez-Morelo Diego , Stange Alexander , Lally Richard W. , Barrett Lawrence K. , Imboden Matthias , Som Abhishek , Campbell David K. , Aksyuk Vladimir A. , Bishop David J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, we present a nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) designed to detect changes in the Casimir energy. The Casimir effect is a result of the appearance of quantum fluctuations in an electromagnetic vacuum. Previous experiments have used nano- or microscale parallel plate capacitors to detect the Casimir force by measuring the small attractive force these fluctuations exert between the two surfaces. In this new set of experiments, we aim to directly detect the shifts in the Casimir energy in a vacuum due to the presence of the metallic parallel plates, one of which is a superconductor. A change in the Casimir energy of this configuration is predicted to shift the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) because of the interaction between it and the superconducting condensation energy. In our experiment, we take a superconducting film, carefully measure its transition temperature, bring a conducting plate close to the film, create a Casimir cavity, and then measure the transition temperature again. The expected shifts are smaller than the normal shifts one sees in cycling superconducting films to cryogenic temperatures, so using a NEMS resonator in situ is the only practical way to obtain accurate, reproducible data. Using a thin Pb film and opposing Au surface, we observe no shift in Tc >12 µK down to a minimum spacing of ~70 nm at zero applied magnetic field.
Self-cleaning semiconductor heterojunction substrate: ultrasensitive detection and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants for environmental remediation
Authors: Hu Mingyue , Quan Yingnan , Yang Shuo , Su Rui , Liu Huilian , Gao Ming , Chen Lei , Yang Jinghai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEmerging technologies in the field of environmental remediation are becoming increasingly significant owing to the increasing demand for eliminating significant amounts of pollution in water, soil, and air. We designed and synthesized MoS2/Fe2O3 heterojunction nanocomposites (NCs) as multifunctional materials that are easily separated and reused. The trace detection performance of the prepared sample was examined using bisphenol A (BPA) as the probe molecule, with limits of detection as low as 10−9 M; this detection limit is the lowest among all reported semiconductor substrates. BPA was subjected to rapid photocatalytic degradation by MoS2/Fe2O3 NCs under ultraviolet irradiation. The highly recyclable MoS2/Fe2O3 NCs exhibited photo-Fenton catalytic activity for BPA and good detection ability when reused as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate after catalysis. The SERS and photocatalysis mechanisms were proposed while considering the effects of the Z-scheme charge-transfer paths, three-dimensional flower-like structures, and dipole–dipole coupling. Moreover, the prepared MoS2/Fe2O3 NCs were successfully applied in the detection of BPA in real lake water and milk samples. Herein, we present insights into the development of MoS2/Fe2O3 materials, which can be used as multifunctional materials in chemical sensors and in photocatalytic wastewater treatments for the removal of recalcitrant organic pollutants.
Smartphone-powered iontophoresis-microneedle array patch for controlled transdermal delivery
Authors: Yang Jingbo , Li Yanjun , Ye Rui , Zheng Ying , Li Xiangling , Chen Yuzhen , Xie Xi , Jiang Lelun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe incidence rate of diabetes has been increasing every year in nearly all nations and regions. The traditional control of diabetes using transdermal insulin delivery by metal needles is generally associated with pain and potential infections. While microneedle arrays (MAs) have emerged as painless delivery techniques, the integration of MA systems with electronic devices to precisely control drug delivery has rarely been realized. In this study, we developed an iontophoresis-microneedle array patch (IMAP) powered by a portable smartphone for the active and controllable transdermal delivery of insulin. The IMAP in situ integrates iontophoresis and charged nanovesicles into one patch, achieving a one-step drug administration strategy of “penetration, diffusion and iontophoresis”. The MA of the IMAP is first pressed on the skin to create microholes and then is retracted, followed by the iontophoresis delivery of insulin-loaded nanovesicles through these microholes in an electrically controlled manner. This method has synergistically and remarkably enhanced controlled insulin delivery. The amount of insulin can be effectively regulated by the IMAP by applying different current intensities. This in vivo study has demonstrated that the IMAP effectively delivers insulin and produces robust hypoglycemic effects in a type-1 diabetic rat model, with more advanced controllability and efficiency than delivery by a pristine microneedle or iontophoresis. The IMAP system shows high potential for diabetes therapy and the capacity to provide active as well as long-term glycemic regulation without medical staff care.
A cross-species interaction with a symbiotic commensal enables cell-density-dependent growth and in vivo virulence of an oral pathogen
Authors: Hoare Anilei , Wang Hui , Meethil Archana , Abusleme Loreto , Hong Bo-Young , Moutsopoulos Niki M , Marsh Philip D , Hajishengallis George , Diaz Patricia I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent studies describe in detail the shifts in composition of human-associated polymicrobial communities from health to disease. However, the specific processes that drive the colonization and overgrowth of pathogens within these communities remain incompletely understood. We used in vitro culture systems and a disease-relevant mouse model to show that population size, which determines the availability of an endogenous diffusible small molecule, limits the growth, colonization, and in vivo virulence of the human oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. This bacterial pathogen overcomes the requirement for an endogenous cue by utilizing a cell-density dependent, growth-promoting, soluble molecule provided by the symbiotic early colonizer Veillonella parvula, but not produced by other commensals tested. Our work shows that exchange of cell-density-dependent diffusible cues between specific early and late colonizing species in a polymicrobial community drives microbial successions, pathogen colonization and disease development, representing a target process for manipulation of the microbiome towards the healthy state.
The association between ADHD and physical health: a co-twin control study
Authors: Pan Pei-Yin , Bölte Sven 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with increased risk for physical comorbidity. This study used a twin cohort to investigate the association between physical diseases and phenotypic variations of ADHD. A twin cohort enriched for ADHD and other neurodevelopmental conditions were analysed. The Attention Problems subscale of the Child Behavior Checklist/Adult Behavior Checklist (CBCL/ABCL-AP) was used to measure the participants’ severity of ADHD symptoms. Physical health issues were obtained with a validated questionnaire and were tested in relation to ADHD symptom severity in a co-twin control model. Neurological problems were significantly associated with a diagnosis of ADHD. A conditional model for the analysis of within-twin pair effects revealed an inverse association between digestive problems and the severity of ADHD symptoms, after adjusting for co-existing autism spectrum disorder and ADHD medications. Our findings suggest that individuals with ADHD are susceptible to neurological problems, why a thorough neurological check-up is indicated in clinical practice for this population. In addition, health conditions of digestive system could be considered as a non-shared environmental factor for behavioral phenotypes in ADHD. It supports the possible role of gut-brain axis in the underpinnings of ADHD symptoms, at least for a subgroup of individuals with certain genetic predisposition.
Mendelian randomization and experimental IUGR reveal the adverse effect of low birth weight on lung structure and function
Authors: Kuiper-Makris Celien , Zanetti Daniela , Vohlen Christina , Fahle Luise , Müller Marion , Odenthal Margarete , Felderhoff-Müser Ursula , Dötsch Jörg , Alejandre Alcazar Miguel A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low birth weigth (LBW) are risk factors for neonatal chronic lung disease. However, maternal and fetal genetic factors and the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the relationship between LBW and lung function with Mendelian randomisation analyses and studied angiogenesis in a low protein diet rat model of IUGR. Our data indicate a possible association between LBW and reduced FEV1 (p = 5.69E−18, MR-PRESSO) and FVC (6.02E-22, MR-PRESSO). Complimentary, we demonstrated two-phased perinatal programming after IUGR. The intrauterine phase (embryonic day 21) is earmarked by a reduction of endothelial cell markers (e.g. CD31) as well as mRNA expression of angiogenic factors (e.g., Vegfa, Flt1, Klf4). Protein analysis identified an activation of anti-angiogenic mTOR effectors. In the postnatal phase, lung capillaries (< 20 µm) were significantly reduced, expression of CD31 and VE-Cadherin were unaffected, whereas SMAD1/5/8 signaling and Klf4 protein were increased (p < 0.01). Moreover, elevated proteolytic activity of MMP2 and MMP9 was linked to a 50% reduction of lung elastic fibres. In conclusion, we show a possible link of LBW in humans and reduced lung function in adulthood. Experimental IUGR identifies an intrauterine phase with inhibition of angiogenic signaling, and a postnatal phase with proteolytic activity and reduced elastic fibres.
Combined lentiviral- and RNA-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 delivery for efficient and traceable gene editing in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Yudovich David , Bäckström Alexandra , Schmiderer Ludwig , Žemaitis Kristijonas , Subramaniam Agatheeswaran , Larsson Jonas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe CRISPR/Cas9 system is a versatile tool for functional genomics and forward genetic screens in mammalian cells. However, it has been challenging to deliver the CRISPR components to sensitive cell types, such as primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), partly due to lentiviral transduction of Cas9 being extremely inefficient in these cells. Here, to overcome these hurdles, we developed a combinatorial system using stable lentiviral delivery of single guide RNA (sgRNA) followed by transient transfection of Cas9 mRNA by electroporation in human cord blood-derived CD34+ HSPCs. We further applied an optimized sgRNA structure, that significantly improved editing efficiency in this context, and we obtained knockout levels reaching 90% for the cell surface proteins CD45 and CD44 in sgRNA transduced HSPCs. Our combinatorial CRISPR/Cas9 delivery approach had no negative influence on CD34 expression or colony forming capacity in vitro compared to non-treated HSPCs. Furthermore, gene edited HSPCs showed intact in vivo reconstitution capacity following transplantation to immunodeficient mice. Taken together, we developed a paradigm for combinatorial CRISPR/Cas9 delivery that enables efficient and traceable gene editing in primary human HSPCs, and is compatible with high functionality both in vitro and in vivo.
Self-driven microstructural evolution of Au@Pd core–shell nanoparticles for greatly enhanced catalytic performance during methanol electrooxidation
Authors: Liu Yaxing , Li Weiyin , Zhao Guizhe , Qin Gang , Li Yuexia , Liu Yaqing 
Published: December 2020

An Au/Pd mixed shell was formed in Au@Pd core–shell during successive CV cycles for MOR, which can reduce the binding strength of CO on Pd active site and promote the production of ˙OH radicals on exposed Au atoms to accelerate adsorbates oxidation.
Hammerstein–Wiener identification of industrial plants: A pressure control valve case study
Authors: Esmaeilani Leili , Ghaisari Jafar , Bagherzadeh Mohammad Ali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHammerstein–Wiener (H–W) identification problem is investigated under practical considerations for industrial plants. The main consideration in these cases is inability to apply arbitrary input signals. An algorithm is proposed to identify H–W model for industrial systems, in the presence of noise and disturbance. The identification problem is changed into a constrained optimisation problem and is solved by minimising the non‐linear functions modelling error. To improve the efficiency of the proposed method, the known information about non‐linear functions are used. To make the proposed method applicable for general systems with hard non‐linearities, non‐linear functions are described by some ordered pairs. A pressure control valve that is used for anti‐surge protection of an air compressor in the second refinery of South Pars Gas Complex is considered as the case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Seventy‐five percent of the gathered data during the time is used for identification and the remaining 25% is used for verification of the resulted model. Verification of the obtained H–W model showed that accuracy of the identified model is more than 95%.
Sparse representation based intraframe and semi‐intraframe video coding schemes for low bitrates
Authors: Irannejad Maziar , Mahdavi‐Nasab Homayoun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes some extensions of the successful sparse coding of still images to intraframe and semi‐intraframe video coding. The presented frameworks apply the efficient K‐singular value decomposition and recursive least squares dictionary learning methods for sparse representation of videos to study their coding performances. In the proposed semi‐intraframe schemes, namely, SISC1 and SISC2, only frame‐blocks with more than a threshold deviation from the blocks of the previous frame are transmitted/coded. This reduces the required bitrate and prevents the sparse coding of similar blocks, leading to more efficient video coding methods. The results show that the dictionary learning‐based intraframe coding improves the rate‐distortion performance of the conventional Motion‐JPEG and Motion‐JPEG2000 at low bitrates for more than about 3 and 0.5 dB of PSNR on average (for 0.2–1 bpp compression), respectively. The proposed methods outperform the basic dictionary learning‐based coding, especially for slower changing videos, generally, with more than 3 dB superiority on average over the tested bitrates. These schemes even present superior performance than the HEVC in the intramode for the complex textured or cluttered scenes. The proposed SISC2 method also saves up to about 50% of the sparse coding computational cost by preventing the coding of more similar frame‐blocks.
C2-gem-Aryldifluoromethylation of Quinoline N-Oxides with Potassium 2,2-Diﬂuoro-2-arylacetates under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions
Authors: Liu Jie , Wang Min , Gao Yanhui , Li Laiqiang , Wang Lei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA simple protocol for C2-gem-aryldifluoromethylation of quinoline N-oxides with potassium 2,2-diﬂuoro-2-arylacetates has been developed, affording C2-gem-aryldifluoromethylated quinoline N-oxides bearing different functional groups in moderate to good yields. Moreover, experimental studies reveal that this reaction is likely to proceed through a radical pathway.
Enantioselective Radical Functionalization of Imines and Iminium Intermediates via Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Hong-Hao , Yu Shouyun , Zhao Jia-Jia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVisible-light photoredox catalysis has recently emerged as a powerful tool for the development of new and valuable chemical transformations under mild conditions. Visible-light promoted enantioselective radical transformations of imines and iminium intermediates provide new opportunities for the asymmetric synthesis of amines and the asymmetric β-functionalization of unsaturated carbonyl compounds. In this review, recent advances on the catalytic asymmetric radical functionalization of imines and iminium intermediates are summarized.1	Introduction2	Enantioselective Radical Functionalization of Imines2.1	Asymmetric Reduction2.2	Asymmetric Cyclization2.3	Asymmetric Addition2.4	Asymmetric Radical–Radical Coupling 3	Enantioselective Radical Functionalization of Iminium Ions3.1	Asymmetric Radical Alkylation3.2	Asymmetric Radical Acylation4	Conclusion
Therapeutic Impact of Deep Balloon-assisted Small Bowel Enteroscopy on Red Blood Cell Transfusion
Authors: Kalra Amandeep S. , Walker Andrew J. , Benson Mark E. , Guda Nalini M. , Soni Anurag , Misha Mehak , Gopal Deepak V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective Evaluate impact of balloon-assisted deep small bowel enteroscopy on red blood cell transfusion requirement in patients with obscure gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.
Methods Retrospective study of patients, who underwent balloon-assisted deep enteroscopy with double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) at two tertiary care academic centers (University of Wisconsin and Aurora St. Luke’s Medical Center) over a 55-month consecutive period. Sixty-nine patients with reliable blood transfusion records were identified during this time period. DBE was preceded by small bowel capsule endoscopy (CE) within 1 year in 38 cases. Transfusion requirements 6 months prior and postintervention were measured to see if DBE had any impact on the need for blood transfusions.
Results Sixty-nine patients (25 females and 44 males) were included. Mean age ± standard deviation (SD) was 63 ± 17 years. Wilcoxon signed rank test statistics were used to find the difference in the rate of blood transfusion. There was a statistically significant decrease in rate of packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusion post DBE and endoscopic therapy with coagulation (p < 0.001). Argon plasma coagulation was used to ablate all arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) except in one (subepithelial lesion). Those that required > 5 units pRBC transfusions pre-DBE had the most benefit.
Conclusions Our study demonstrates that transfusion requirements are significantly reduced in those undergoing therapy with DBE and coagulation for obscure GI bleed.
Cellular transduction of mechanical oscillations in plants by the plasma-membrane mechanosensitive channel MSL10
Authors: Tran Daniel , Girault Tiffanie , Guichard Marjorie , Thomine Sébastien , Leblanc-Fournier Nathalie , Moulia Bruno , de Langre Emmanuel , Allain Jean-Marc , Frachisse Jean-Marie 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Mechanosensitive (MS) channels embedded in the membrane provide an efficient system to rapidly convert mechanical tension into a biological signal. Here we show that the plasma-membrane mechanosensitive channel MscS-LIKE 10 (MSL10) responds to pulsed membrane stretching with rapid activation and relaxation kinetics allowing fast adjustment of its activity to fluctuations in membrane tension. Under sinusoidal membrane mechanical stimulation, we found that MSL10 amplifies oscillatory signals near 1 Hz which corresponds to the frequencies of plant motions in the wind. Together with its localization in aerial organs, our results indicate that the MSL10 represents a molecular component for the perception of oscillations triggered by the wind in plants.
Ocean melting of the Zachariae Isstrøm and Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden glaciers, northeast Greenland
Authors: An Lu , Rignot Eric , Wood Michael , Willis Josh K. , Mouginot Jérémie , Khan Shfaqat A. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Oceanography and gravity data of northeastern Greenland reveal ocean temperature and bathymetry in front of Zachariae Isstrøm (ZI) and Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden (79N), which hold a 1.1-m sea level rise ice volume equivalent but underwent different evolutions. Subsurface, warm, salty water of Atlantic origin has easier access to ZI than to 79N because of bathymetric barriers. We reconstruct ice removal by the ocean at the grounding line and flotation retreat from thinning to explain the observed grounding line retreat since 1979. The agreement between observed and calculated retreat demonstrates that ocean thermal forcing is a major control on the glacier evolution, and undercutting of grounded ice must be included in numerical ice sheet models to reproduce the high rates of retreat.
Diurnal rhythms across the human dorsal and ventral striatum
Authors: Ketchesin Kyle D. , Zong Wei , Hildebrand Mariah A. , Seney Marianne L. , Cahill Kelly M. , Scott Madeline R. , Shankar Vaishnavi G. , Glausier Jill R. , Lewis David A. , Tseng George C. , McClung Colleen A. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Circadian rhythms are important in nearly all aspects of brain function. We previously identified diurnal rhythms in transcripts in human cortical regions that are impacted in aging and schizophrenia. Here, we identify diurnal rhythms in transcript expression across the human dorsal and ventral striatum in subjects without psychiatric or neurological disorders. We find some transcripts to be rhythmic across regions and some in only select regions. We also find distinct phase relationships across regions suggesting waves of transcript expression in specific cellular processes across the striatum. These studies establish a temporal map of rhythms across the human striatum and help in understanding the normal function of rhythms in these regions and how disruption could lead to pathology.
ROS and hypoxia signaling regulate periodic metabolic arousal during insect dormancy to coordinate glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism
Authors: Chen Chao , Mahar Rohit , Merritt Matthew E. , Denlinger David L. , Hahn Daniel A. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Organisms from bacterial spores, plant seeds, and invertebrate cysts to diapausing insects and mammalian hibernators dramatically suppress metabolism to save energy during dormant periods. Understanding regulatory mechanisms controlling metabolic depression provides insights into fundamental control of energy use during dormancy and offers perspectives that may allow artificial induction and breaking of dormancy. Some insects and mammalian hibernators show periodic arousal from metabolic depression during dormancy. We show that insects follow similar metabolic tactics during torpor and periodic arousal as mammalian hibernators, characterized by anaerobic metabolism during depression and aerobic metabolism during arousal, emphasizing fundamental similarities in metabolic regulation. Physiological levels of ROS regulate the switch from metabolic depression to periodic arousal thereby controlling substrate flow into the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Affinity of small-molecule solutes to hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and chemically patterned interfaces in aqueous solution
Authors: Monroe Jacob I. , Jiao Sally , Davis R. Justin , Robinson Brown Dennis , Katz Lynn E. , Shell M. Scott 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Increasing global population, urbanization, and climate change pose tremendous constraints on water availability. While membrane processes offer attractive, energy-efficient options, transformative advances in membrane technology are needed to enable reuse of poor-quality waters from diverse sources. This work brings fundamental understanding of solute–surface interactions to membrane phenomena, including selectivity and fouling. Molecular simulations reveal limitations of traditional predictive measures of solute–surface partitioning, suggesting alternative thermodynamic signatures for solute binding that highlight the contextual nature of hydrophobicity. An inverse design algorithm provides a tool to pattern membrane nanoscale chemistry to optimize solute affinity and selectivity. This work demonstrates how simulations can inform practical materials design for sustainable water treatment and, more broadly, many technologies involving water-mediated solute–surface interactions.