bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unplanned out‐of‐hospital deliveries in Finland: A national register study on incidence, characteristics and maternal and infant outcomes
Authors: Ovaskainen Katja , Ojala Riitta , Tihtonen Kati , Gissler Mika , Luukkaala Tiina , Tammela Outi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionUnplanned out‐of‐hospital deliveries (UOHDs) have earlier been related to higher perinatal mortality and morbidity, but recent research has not paid much attention to them. Our aim was to evaluate the incidence, characteristics, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity in UOHDs in Finland.Material and methodsWe conducted a national register study on births, causes of death and congenital anomalies for all live and stillbirths during 1996‐2013. The study group included 1420 infants delivered by mothers with UOHDs. The 1 051 139 infants born in hospitals during the study period were the reference group. Data on maternal and delivery characteristics, obstetric procedures, infants’ characteristics, neonatal care unit admissions, diagnoses, congenital anomalies and causes of death were collected.ResultsThe annual rate of UOHDs increased in 1996‐2013 from 46 to 260 per 100 000 deliveries, whereas the number of delivery units decreased from 44 to 29. UOHD infants had five times higher perinatal mortality rates than those delivered in hospitals. The perinatal mortality rate did not change by time in the UOHDs, whereas it diminished among in‐hospital deliveries. Maternal morbidity in UOHDs was low. The predictors for UOHDs were delivery after the year 2001, delivery in sparsely populated areas, alcohol, drug abuse and/or smoking during pregnancy, being single, fewer prenatal visits, having delivered earlier and birthweight <2500 g. UOHD was one of the predictors of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Among the UOHD cases, the predictors of perinatal morbidity or mortality included low birthweight and preterm delivery. Time period seemed not to predict morbidity or mortality.ConclusionsThe UOHD rate increased, probably due to multifactorial causes, including living in area with low population density and short duration of labor. UOHD was a significant predictor of perinatal morbidity or mortality, but the numbers were very small. Neonatal morbidity and mortality in UOHDs did not seem to be related to the area or time period of birth.
Combined transcervical endometrial resection and levonorgestrel device treatment compared to transcervical endometrial resection for abnormal uterine bleed
Authors: Darre Haahr Pernille , Nielsen Nadia‐Kim B. , Grunnet Ivan , Rudnicki Martin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionTranscervical resection of the endometrium (TCRE) is a first‐line surgical treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding. However, many women experience unsuccessful results, causing hysterectomy in up 17% of cases. The aim of this study was to describe the odds of hysterectomy in women with abnormal uterine bleeding, treated with TCRE and levonorgestrel intrauterine contraceptive device (TCRE + LNG‐IUCD) or TCRE alone. The secondary aim was to analyze the rate of amenorrhea.Material and methodsDesigned as a retrospective cohort study, and conducted at Odense University Hospital, Denmark, the study included women with abnormal uterine bleeding, who underwent TCRE from January 2013 to December 2015. The decision of treatment with respect to LNG‐IUCD was at the woman's discretion. Data were collected from medical records and a self‐reported retrospective bleeding‐pattern questionnaire. A multivariate regression model was used, enabling adjustment for potential and identified confounders.ResultsOut of 432 women, 276 (62%) consented to inclusion and of these, 16 (4%) were excluded. In total 88 (34%) received combined treatment and 172 (66%) received TCRE alone. Ten women (11%) treated with TCRE + LNG‐IUCD underwent hysterectomy, compared with 27 (16%) treated with TCRE alone (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.28‐1.56; P = .34). Multivariate analysis disclosed a significant effect of TCRE + LNG‐IUCD (OR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.13‐0.97; P = .04) on hysterectomy. The presence of fibromas was shown to increase the odds of treatment failure, resulting in hysterectomy (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.15‐6.31; P = .02). Furthermore, the incidence of amenorrhea was 59% in the TCRE + LNG‐IUCD group and 36% in the TCRE alone group (OR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.46‐4.49; P < .01).ConclusionsThe study showed significantly lower odds of hysterectomy in the TCRE + LNG‐IUCD group when adjusted for confounders. Combination treatment improves the bleeding patterns significantly compared with monotherapy with TCRE.
Interactive mental health assessments for Chinese Canadians: A pilot randomized controlled trial in nurse practitioner‐led primary care clinic
Authors: Ahmad Farah , Wang Jamie , Wong Bonnie , Fung Wai Lun Alan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionMental health conditions like depression and anxiety are on the rise, but access to care remains a challenge. Immigrants and racialized communities including Chinese Canadians experience high level of access barriers including communication with clinicians. With the aim to facilitate mental health communications, we tested an Interactive Computer‐assisted Client Assessment Survey (iCCAS) in Cantonese/Mandarin and English at a nurse practitioner‐led primary care clinic in Toronto. The iCCAS offers a touch‐screen, pre‐consultation survey with questions on depression, anxiety, post‐traumatic stress, alcohol abuse, and social context. The program generates point‐of‐care reports for the clinician and patient.MethodsA pilot randomized controlled trial examined the intervention impact on mental health discussion and symptom detection, compared with the usual care, followed by clinicians' qualitative interviews.ResultsFifty self‐identified Chinese adult patients participated (iCCAS = 26, Usual Care = 24), response rate 79.4%. Participant mean age was 44.8 years and 92% were immigrants. There was an increase of 19% and 15% in the mental health discussion and detection of symptoms in the iCCAS group compared with the usual care. More participants in the iCCAS group were referred to a social worker or psychiatrist. Patients found the use of iCCAS easy and clinicians identified its benefits for themselves (eg, early identification and comfort) and patients (eg, self‐awareness and anonymity) and proposed practice‐integration.DiscussionThe studied tool holds promise for enhancing clinician‐patient mental health communications in primary care settings for overseas Chinese. Implications are discussed for in‐person and virtual healthcare which could also inform responses to mental health crisis related to COVID‐19.
Epigenetic targeting in lymphoma
Authors: Booth Stephen , Collins Graham 
Published: July 2020

SummaryDespite considerable progress in the treatment of patients with lymphoid malignancies in recent decades, the prognosis of patients with relapsed or refractory lymphomas often remains disappointing. Increasing evidence has established the relevance of epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies, and a succession of agents has been evaluated in clinical studies with varying efficacy. In the present review, we outline the importance of epigenetic modifications in lymphoma biology and discuss the published experience with epigenetic modifying agents by lymphoma subtype before considering ongoing clinical studies in this area.
Inhibition of Bruton's TK regulates macrophage NF‐κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in metabolic inflammation
Authors: Purvis Gareth S.D. , Collino Massimo , Aranda‐Tavio Haidee , Chiazza Fausto , O'Riordan Caroline E. , Zeboudj Lynda , Mohammad Shireen , Collotta Debora , Verta Roberta , Guisot Nicolas E.S. , Bunyard Peter , Yaqoob Magdi M. , Greaves David R. , Thiemermann Christoph 
Published: July 2020

Background and PurposeThere are no medications currently available to treat metabolic inflammation. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is highly expressed in monocytes and macrophages and regulates NF‐κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activity; both propagate metabolic inflammation in diet‐induced obesity.Experimental ApproachUsing an in vivo model of chronic inflammation, high‐fat diet (HFD) feeding, in male C57BL/6J mice and in vitro assays in primary murine and human macrophages, we investigated if ibrutinib, an FDA approved BTK inhibitor, may represent a novel anti‐inflammatory medication to treat metabolic inflammation.Key ResultsHFD‐feeding was associated with increased BTK expression and activation, which was significantly correlated with monocyte/macrophage accumulation in the liver, adipose tissue, and kidney. Ibrutinib treatment to HFD‐fed mice inhibited the activation of BTK and reduced monocyte/macrophage recruitment to the liver, adipose tissue, and kidney. Ibrutinib treatment to HFD‐fed mice decreased the activation of NF‐κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome. As a result, ibrutinib treated mice fed HFD had improved glycaemic control through restored signalling by the IRS‐1/Akt/GSK‐3β pathway, protecting mice against the development of hepatosteatosis and proteinuria. We show that BTK regulates NF‐κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome specifically in primary murine and human macrophages, the in vivo cellular target of ibrutinib.Conclusion and ImplicationsWe provide “proof of concept” evidence that BTK is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of diet‐induced metabolic inflammation and ibrutinib may be a candidate for drug repurposing as an anti‐inflammatory agent for the treatment of metabolic inflammation in T2D and microvascular disease.
Syntactic Creativity Errors in Children's Wh‐Questions
Authors: Lutken C. Jane , Legendre Géraldine , Omaki Akira 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrevious work has reported that children creatively make syntactic errors that are ungrammatical in their target language, but are grammatical in another language. One of the most well‐known examples ismedial wh‐questionerrors in English‐speaking children's wh‐questions (e.g.,What do you think who the cat chased?from Thornton, 1990). The evidence for this non‐target‐like structure in both production and comprehension has been taken to support the existence of innate, syntactic parameters that define all possible grammatical variation, which serve as a top‐down constraint guiding children's language acquisition process. The present study reports new story‐based production and comprehension experiments that challenge this interpretation. While we replicated previous observations of medial wh‐question errors in children's sentence production (Experiment 1), we saw a reduction in evidence indicating that English‐speaking children assign interpretations that conform to the medial wh‐question pattern (Experiment 2). Crucially, we found no correlation between production and comprehension errors (Experiment 3). We suggest that these errors are the result of children's immature sentence production mechanisms rather than immature grammatical knowledge.
Immune responses to hepatitis B vaccination after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric and young adult patients
Authors: Chaichotjinda Krittiya , Anurathapan Usanarat , Boonsathorn Sophida , Chaisavaneeyakorn Sujittra , Treepongkaruna Suporn , Techasaensiri Chonnamet , Apiwattanakul Nopporn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients require hepatitis B (HBV) revaccination. Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti‐HBs) seroconversion rates after revaccination range from 64% to 79% in these patients. The seroconversion rate and factors associated with non‐seroconversion have not been clearly elucidated in pediatric and young adult recipients after HSCT.ObjectivesTo evaluate anti‐HBs seroconversion rates in pediatric and young adult patients revaccinated after HSCT, and to identify factors associated with non‐seroconversion.MethodThe current study was prospective and cross‐sectional. Post‐HSCT recipients aged ≤25 years who had completed a course of three HBV revaccinations were recruited, and their anti‐HBs titers were assessed. Non‐seroconverted patients were administered a fourth vaccination. Those who subsequently remained seronegative were administered two additional vaccinations. Those who remained seronegative after all six vaccinations were defined as non‐responders.ResultsA total of 118 patients were enrolled. The HBV‐containing vaccines used included DTaP‐IPV‐HBV‐Hib, DTwP‐HBV‐Hib, and monovalent vaccines. The anti‐HBs seroconversion rate after three revaccinations was 82% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73.7‐89.2). One patient (0.8%) was classified as non‐responder. Factors associated with non‐seroconversion after three revaccinations included cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation (odds ratio [OR] 10.63, 95% CI 1.16‐97.00), anti‐HBs seronegativity before HSCT (OR 7.01, 95% CI 1.55‐31.78) and three DTwP‐HBV‐Hib revaccinations (OR 11.71, 95% CI 1.43‐96.26).ConclusionIn the current study the anti‐HBs seroconversion rate after three HBV revaccinations was excellent. CMV reactivation, anti‐HBs seronegativity before HSCT, and three DTwP‐HBV‐Hib revaccinations were associated with non‐seroconversion, but the non‐responder rate was low.
Rural land reforms and villagers' preferences for urban settlement: A case study of Shandong Province, China
Authors: Yu Wei , Lu Xiao , Wang Enru 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBased on surveys conducted in Shandong Province, China, this paper examined the interests of rural residents to move to and settle in cities, as well as the factors that motivate or discourage their potential settlement changes. Results of the binary logistic regression analysis showed that villagers' urban settlement preference was related to sociodemographic factors such as gender, age, and occupation. Overall, the separation of the “three rights” (collective ownership, land contract right, and land use right) associated with rural land has strengthened the urban settlement preference of rural residents. Nevertheless, we did not find significant association between land transfer and the preference for urban settlement. For villagers who expressed interest in urban settlement, better job opportunities, education opportunities, and higher income are the leading “pull” factors that would attract them to cities. The attachment to rural life, high living costs, and high housing prices in cities were the top concerns for villagers who did not want to move. The study also found that villagers' desired urban destinations changed with the changing land parameters, indicating that the outcomes of China's rural land reforms may not be aligned well with the policy goals laid in the country's urbanization and rural development plans.
Beyond the bid‐rent: Two tales of land use transition in contemporary China
Authors: Gao Jinlong , Wu Zhixuan , Chen Jianglong , Chen Wen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe bid‐rent curve has long been recognized as a persistent law in urban and regional studies. We challenge this orthodox theory by highlighting two limitations in demystifying patterns of urban land redevelopment and rural land use utility in transitional China. Empirical evidence shows that distance still matters to both urban and rural land use transition. However, the property‐oriented and scale‐sensitive functional structure of redevelopment is not exactly what Alonso suggested. The temptation of urbanization, coupled with the resistance of rural revitalization, results in an inverted bid‐rent curve in terms of the utilization of rural housing land. The dual‐track nature of both urban–rural household registration (hukou) and land use systems contributes a lot for these unconventional findings. We can therefore summarize that transition of land use in both urban and rural China is largely institutionally driven, and the Chinese government is the dominant agent of creating a unique trajectory of spatial restructuring.
How does nursing research differ internationally? A bibliometric analysis of six countries
Authors: Thelwall Mike , Mas‐Bleda Amalia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundInternational nursing research comparisons can give a new perspective on a nation's output by identifying strengths and weaknesses.AimThis article compares strengths in nursing research between six mainly English‐speaking nations (Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, United Kingdom and United States).MethodsJournal authorship (percentage of first authorship by nationality) and article keywords were compared for Scopus‐indexed journal articles 2008–2018. Three natural language processing strategies were assessed for identifying statistically significant international differences in the use of keywords or phrases.ResultsJournal author nationality was not a good indicator of international differences in research specialisms, but keyword and phrase differences were more promising especially if both are used. For this, the part of speech tagging and lemmatisation text processing strategies were helpful but not named entity recognition. The results highlight aspects of nursing research that were absent in some countries, such as papers about nursing administration and management.ConclusionResearchers outside the United States should consider the importance of researching specific patient groups, diseases, treatments, skills, research methods and social perspectives for unresearched gaps with national relevance. From a methods perspective, keyword and phrase differences are useful to reveal international differences in nursing research topics.
Nurses' behaviours towards physical restraint use in the ICU: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Shen Xiufang , Hu Bo , Pang Xufeng , Lin Jing , Yin Xiaomeng , Jiang Yuanyuan , Zhao Yaling , Liu Qingwei , Zhu Xiuli 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThe study aims to explore and describe nurses' behaviours towards physical restraint (PR) use in intensive care units (ICUs) and identify key characteristics of these experiences.BackgroundPatients within the ICU are always vulnerable, which requires a thoughtful deliberation when employing PR in ethically laden situations. Considering that the qualitative study on nurses' behaviours towards PR use in ICUs is limited, a deep understanding of how nurses reason and restrict patients is necessary before developing a minimizing programme in hospitals.MethodsA descriptive qualitative study was conducted in this paper. Data were collected by 24 semistructured, in‐depth and individual interviews about PR, where 24 nurses were drawn from six ICUs of four hospital settings from a comprehensive tertiary care hospital in Qingdao. The QSR NVivo 11.0 software program was used to manage the interview data, and data analysis was guided by the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven. The checklist of Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies was followed as a guideline in reporting the study.ResultsRegarding PR, nurses' behaviours start with a hazard perception, followed by hesitation about whether to restrict the patient. They would usually decide to apply PR when they think that no other choice to control the situation is available. Then, they would reflect on and rationalize their behaviours. Nurses, intensivists, patients and their families participate in and affect this process directly or indirectly.ConclusionsNurses' behaviours towards PR use comprise a series of complex processes centred on safety. Nurses' decision making should be performed with the participation of intensivists, patients and family caregivers.
A meta‐analytic evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of the electrocardiographic Peguero‐Lo Presti criterion for left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Noubiap Jean Jacques , Agbaedeng Thomas A. , Nyaga Ulrich Flore , Nkoke Clovis , Jingi Ahmadou M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough electrocardiography (ECG) is a cost‐effective and convenient tool for routine screening of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), its performance has been shown to be poor. The Peguero‐Lo Presti, a novel voltage criterion, was found to be potentially better than the most commonly used criteria. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of its diagnostic accuracy compared to Cornell and Sokolow‐Lyon voltage criteria. Bibliographic databases were searched to identify relevant articles. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed for comparison. Ten studies reporting data from 5984 individuals were included in the meta‐analysis. Peguero‐Lo Presti had the highest pooled sensitivity (43.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.2‐56.9) followed by Cornell (26.1%; 95% CI: 16.9‐37.9) and Sokolow Lyon (22.0%; 95% CI: 14.1‐32.7). However, Peguero‐Lo Presti had the lesser pooled specificity (90.5%; 95% CI: 86.3‐93.5) and Cornell the highest (94.9%; 95% CI: 90.3‐97.3). The pooled DOR was 6.63 (95% CI: 3.95‐11.13), 5.50 (95% CI: 3.64‐8.30), and 2.94 (95% CI: 2.20‐3.92) for Peguero‐Lo Presti, Cornell, and Sokolow‐Lyon, respectively. Peguero‐Lo Presti had the best accuracy according to summary ROC curves, with an area under the curve of 0.827 compared to 0.715 for Cornell, and 0.623 for Sokolow‐Lyon. In conclusion, according to this meta‐analysis, Peguero‐Lo Presti has a better diagnostic performance than Cornell and Sokolow‐Lyon and might be more useful in routine clinical practice as a screening tool for LVH.
Using Retest Data to Evaluate and Improve Effort‐Moderated Scoring
Authors: Wise Steven L. , Kuhfeld Megan R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere has been a growing research interest in the identification and management of disengaged test taking, which poses a validity threat that is particularly prevalent with low‐stakes tests. This study investigated effort‐moderated (E‐M) scoring, in which item responses classified as rapid guesses are identified and excluded from scoring. Using achievement test data composed of test takers who were quickly retested and showed differential degrees of disengagement, three basic findings emerged. First, standard E‐M scoring accounted for roughly one‐third of the score distortion due to differential disengagement. Second, a modified E‐M scoring method that used more liberal time thresholds performed better—accounting for two‐thirds or more of the distortion. Finally, the inability of E‐M scoring to account for all of the score distortion suggests the additional presence of nonrapid item responses that reflect less‐than‐full engagement by some test takers.