bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy following uterine fibroid embolization
Authors: McLucas B , Goodwin S , Adler L , Rappaport A , Reed R , Perrella R 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: This paper seeks to evaluate the ability to deliver term pregnancies following uterine fibroid embolization, and to identify impediments to pregnancy in the embolization procedure. Study design: Four physicians performed embolization procedures at various facilities. Patients were asked if fertility was an issue prior to embolization. We measured follicle‐stimulating hormone levels before and after embolization. Clinical follow‐up, six months following embolization was obtained by interview. Patients were questioned regarding attempts to conceive, menstrual history, and subsequent pregnancy. Main outcome measures: Complications were calculated upon the entire patient population, whether or not fertility was identified as a goal. Fertility risks from embolization were identified. We measured radiation exposure in a random consecutive group of 50 women undergoing embolization. All patients who conceived were asked the details of the pregnancy. Results: Four hundred women underwent uterine fibroid embolization between 1996 and 1999. One hundred and thirty nine patients stated a desire for fertility after embolization. Of these, 52 were <40 years old. Seventeen pregnancies have been reported in 14 women. Five spontaneous abortions were observed. Ten women have had normal term deliveries and two women are currently pregnant. No perfusion problems, either during the pregnancy or labor, were reported. The average radiation dosage calculated for 50 women undergoing embolization was 14 rads. Four women under 45 years old suffered premature menopause (10/1000). Two women underwent hysterectomy as a complication of embolization (5/1000). Conclusion: The risks of infertility following embolization, premature menopause, and hysterectomy are small, as is the radiation exposure during embolization. These risks compare favorably with those associated with myomectomy. Fertility rates appear similar to patients undergoing myomectomy. No problems, either during pregnancy or delivery, have been observed after embolization. The course of pregnancy and delivery was normal after embolization with no maternal or fetal complications reported. These findings confirm results from other centers. Desire for future pregnancy is not a contraindication to fibroid embolization.
A socio‐technical systems approach to cell design: case study and analysis
Authors: Hyer Nancy Lea , Brown Karen A , Zimmerman Sharon 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThere exists a large and growing body of academic research exploring various facets of cell design. Most of this research adopts a micro‐level focus, investigating one or a few issues within this large and complex process. Further, most of this research can be characterized as technically focused, giving only limited attention to the significant human dimensions. This has led to a situation where we know a great deal about certain steps in technical design of cells (for example, how to form machine groups and parts families among small data sets), but lack a well‐developed and broadly‐focused theory of cell design and its human consequences. Based on a review of both existing cell design approaches and socio‐technical systems (STS) theory literature, this paper proposes a comprehensive model of cell system design that considers both technical and social dimensions. We illustrate the viability of this model via an observational case study of a very successful cell manufacturing implementation effort in a Fortune 500 company. We highlight the ways in which STS principles influenced and enhanced the cell system design and draw conclusions about the elements of cell system design which appear to be the most significant determinants of sustainable success.
Trabecular bone strain changes associated with cartilage defects in the proximal and distal tibia
Authors: McKinley Todd O. , Bay Brian K. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIntraarticular fractures with cartilage defects can lead to post‐traumatic arthritis (PTA). The purpose of this study was to determine how cartilage defects affect load transmission through subchondral trabecular bone in human cadaveric knees and ankles to further understand the pathomechanics of PTA. We created full‐thickness cartilage defects in the meniscectomized proximal tibia and distal tibia and measured changes in trabecular bone strain using Texture Correlation. Texture Correlation compares high quality digital images made from contact radiographs of unloaded samples to images of the same sample under load to measure trabecular bone strain. Cartilage defects caused trabecular bone strain to decrease in the proximal tibia and increase in the distal tibia. The column of bone directly beneath the defect in the tibial plateau had the most significant reduction in strain. In the distal tibia, strain near the jointline and in the anterior third had the most significant increases in strain. The distal tibia had greater strain changes with small defects. The clinical course of intraarticular fractures of the proximal and distal tibia are markedly different. We postulate that disturbances in load transmission through the subchondral bone caused by cartilage defects may be important mechanical determinants of PTA. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Punlished by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Lead‐induced developmental changes in AP‐1 DNA binding in rat brain
Authors: Pennypacker Keith R. , Xiao Yang , Xu Ruo H. , Harry G.Jean 
Published: July 2002

AbstractExposure to lead during ontogeny is detrimental to the growth and development of the brain. Morphological abnormalities occur in the developing brain, which are manifested as mental retardation and other neurological disorders. Despite extensive research, the biochemical mechanism for neurological effects of lead has not been established but appears to be at the level of the genome since aberrant expression of developmentally‐important genes has been reported. Basal levels of activator protein 1 (AP‐1) transcription factor DNA binding are elevated in the rat brain during the early postnatal period. The AP‐1 DNA binding complex is composed of a Jun:cAMP responsive element binding protein dimer, which appears to modulate expression of developmentally‐important genes that contain AP‐1 binding sites in their promoter. Brain regions from perinatally lead‐exposed rats were examined on postnatal days 3, 9 and 15 for DNA binding activity to the AP‐1 DNA sequence. AP‐1 DNA binding activities were significantly increased on postnatal day 3 in hippocampus and cortex from lead‐treated rats with no other area (frontal lobe or brainstem) or timepoint showing significant changes. Since no increases were detected in the level of Jun protein which is a component of the AP‐1 binding complex, post‐translational modification may be involved in enhancing DNA binding activity. By altering levels of AP‐1 DNA binding to the promoter regions, lead exposure may be changing the levels of mRNA synthesis of developmentally‐important genes.
Laminin expression by glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells in human gliomas
Authors: Tysnes Berit BØlge , Mahesparan Rupavathana , Thorsen Frits , Haugland Hans Kristian , Porwol Torsten , Enger Per Øyvind , Lund‐Johansen Morten , Bjerkvig Rolf 
Published: July 2002

AbstractExtracellular matrix components are regarded as important substrates for invasive tumor cells. The present work focuses on the expression of laminin in the brain in response to invading brain tumors. Biopsies obtained from tissue macroscopically evaluated as the border zone between tumor and normal brain, in 5 patients undergoing surgery for glioblastoma multiforme, were examined by immunocytochemistry and scanning confocal microscopy for the expression of laminin and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Laminin was mainly found in all the specimens associated with the basal lamina of blood vessels, but a variable degree of punctate laminin deposits were also observed in the parenchyma not associated with blood vessels. In the specimens with substantial deposits, scanning confocal microscopy showed that some of the laminin co‐localized with intracellular glial fibrillary acidic protein.Punctate deposits of laminin were also seen in an intracranial BT4C rat glioma model, where it was particularly abundant in the brain/tumor confrontation zone. Previous in vitro studies have shown that laminin, among several extracellular matrix components, represent a highly permissive substrate for glioma cell migration. The presented results indicate that laminin can be produced by glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells during glioma cell invasion in humans. This glycoprotein may thus represent one important substrate among many, which contribute to the invasive phenotype of gliomas.
Modelling suicide risk in affective disorders
Authors: Boardman A.P. , Healy D. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryBackgroundThe lifetime risk of suicide in affective disorders is commonly quoted as 15%. This stems from hospital populations of affective disorders.AimsTo model the lifetime prevalence of suicide using data on completed suicides from one English Health District and community-based rates of prevalence of affective disorders.MethodsA secondary analysis of a primary data set based on 212 suicides in North Staffordshire was undertaken. The population rates of psychiatric morbidity were obtained from the National Comorbidity Survey.ResultsThe model suggests a lifetime prevalence rate of suicide for any affective disorder at 2.4%, with a rate for those uncomplicated by substance abuse, personality disorder or non-affective psychosis at 2.4%, and a rate for uncomplicated cases who had no mental health service contact at 1.1%.ConclusionsLifetime prevalence rates of suicide in subgroups of affective disorders may be lower than the traditional rates cited for hospital depression. This has implications for primary care projects designed to investigate the occurrence of and the prevention of suicide.
Measuring quality of life in schizophrenia
Authors: McKenna SP 
Published: July 2002

SummaryA literature review identified nearly 500 papers in which references to quality of life (QoL) were made in the context of schizophrenia. Despite this, only two studies could be found where efforts had been made to assess the impact of pharmaceutical products on the QoL of patients with schizophrenia. It is argued that lack of progress in this area of research results from the absence of an adequate schizophrenia-specific QoL instrument. The present paper details the requirements for such an instrument, reviews health status instruments that have been used with schizophrenic patients and describes the methodology required for producing a new instrument. It is argued that the pharmaceutical industry should consider joint financing of such development work, given the importance of a reliable, valid and responsive outcome instrument for clinical trials. Such an instrument would also prove valuable when assessing alternative management programmes.
“Wall street week with Louis Rukheyser” recommendations:Trading activity and performance
Authors: Beltz Jess , Jennings Robert 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe investigate short‐term volume activity and short‐ and longer‐ term returns associated with recommendations made by regular panelists and special guests on the television show “Wall Street Week with Louis Rukheyser”. In particular, we investigate whether selections made on the show have information content and whether the audience appears to discern differing levels of reliability among recommenders. Overall performance statistics are unimpressive. There are, however, differences in return performance between the recommendations of different individuals, and between favorable and unfavorable recommendations. There is little correlation between the 6‐month performance of a recommendation and the abnormal volume at the date the recommendation is made, suggesting the market cannot discern the more insightful recommendations from the less insightful.
Growth hormone alone or combined with metoprolol preserves cardiac function after myocardial infarction in rats
Authors: Bollano Entela , Bergh Claes‐Håkan , Kjellström Christer , Omerovic Elmir , Kujacic Vuk , Caidahl Kenneth , Bengtsson Bengt‐Åke , Waagstein Finn , Isgaard Jörgen 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground and objective:Beta‐adrenoreceptor blocking agents are important for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). Accumulating evidence also indicates that growth hormone (GH) improves cardiac function after MI in rats. We aimed to investigate the cardiovascular effects of combined treatment in an animal model of MI.Methods:MI was induced in rats by ligation of the left coronary artery. Three days after MI, animals were randomly assigned to one of four groups: controls (C) (n‐19); GH (n‐19) receiving s.c. 2 mg/kg per day rhGH; metoprolol (M) group (n‐19) receiving 24 mg/kg per day and combined group (GHM) (n‐20) treated with both GH (2 mg/kg per day s.c.) and M (24 mg/kg per day) for 9 days. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed before and after treatment.Results:Serum levels of insulin‐like growth factor I were significantly elevated in the GH‐group but not in the GHM group compared to controls. Left ventricular volumes, cardiac index, systolic blood pressure, were similar in all groups. Percent changes in ejection fraction compared to baseline were; GH (6.1±5.0%) and GHM (6.1±4.2%) vs. C (−12.5±3.0%), P<0.01, M (−7.3±4.2%). The occurrence of aneurysms was not significantly different between the various treatment regimes.Conclusion:Treatment with growth hormone alone or in combination with metoprolol preserved left ventricular function after MI.
Chirality Transfer from Sub‐Nanometer Biochemical Molecules to Sub‐Micrometer Plasmonic Metastructures: Physiochemical Mechanisms, Biosensing, and Bioimaging Opportunities
Authors: Cao Zhaolong , Gao Han , Qiu Meng , Jin Wei , Deng Shaozhi , Wong Kwok‐Yin , Lei Dangyuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDetermining the structural chirality of biomolecules is of vital importance in bioscience and biomedicine. Conventional methods for characterizing molecular chirality, e.g., circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, require high‐concentration specimens due to the weak electronic CD signals of biomolecules such as amino acids. Artificially designed chiral plasmonic metastructures exhibit strong intrinsic chirality. However, the significant size mismatch between metastructures and biomolecules makes the former unsuitable for chirality‐recognition‐based molecular discrimination. Fortunately, constructing metallic architectures through molecular self‐assembly allows chirality transfer from sub‐nanometer biomolecules to sub‐micrometer, intrinsically achiral plasmonic metastructures by means of either near‐field interaction or chirality inheritance, resulting in hybrid systems with CD signals orders of magnitude larger than that of pristine biomolecules. This exotic property provides a new means to determine molecular chirality at extremely low concentrations (ideally at the single‐molecule level). Herein, three strategies of chirality transfer from sub‐nanometer biomolecules to sub‐micrometer metallic metastructures are analyzed. The physiochemical mechanisms responsible for chirality transfer are elaborated and new fascinating opportunities for employing plasmonic metastructures in chirality‐based biosensing and bioimaging are outlined.
Enabling High‐Performance Tandem Organic Photovoltaic Cells by Balancing the Front and Rear Subcells
Authors: Cheng Pei , Wang Hao‐Cheng , Zheng Ran , Zhu Yuan , Dai Shuixing , Li Zeyuan , Chen Chung‐Hao , Zhao Yepin , Wang Rui , Meng Dong , Zhu Chenhui , Wei Kung‐Hwa , Zhan Xiaowei , Yang Yang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn tandem organic photovoltaics, the front subcell is based on large‐bandgap materials, whereas the case of the rear subcell is more complicated. The rear subcell is generally composed of a narrow‐bandgap acceptor for infrared absorption but a large‐bandgap donor to realize a high open‐circuit voltage. Unfortunately, most of the ultraviolet–visible part of the photons are absorbed by the front subcell; as a result, in the rear subcell, the number of excitons generated on large‐bandgap donors will be reduced significantly. This reduces the (photo) conductivity and finally limits the hole‐transporting property of the rear subcell. In this work, a simple and effective way is proposed to resolve this critical issue. To ensure sufficient photogenerated holes in the rear subcell, a small amount of an infrared‐absorbing polymer donor as a third component is introduced, which provides a second hole‐generation and transporting mechanism to minimize the aforementioned detrimental effects. Finally, the short‐circuit current density of the two‐terminal tandem organic photovoltaic is significantly enhanced from 10.3 to 11.7 mA cm−2 (while retaining the open‐circuit voltage and fill factor) to result in an enhanced power conversion efficiency of 15.1%.
An Efficient Approach to Fabricate Air‐Stable Perovskite Solar Cells via Addition of a Self‐Polymerizing Ionic Liquid
Authors: Xia Rui , Gao Xiao‐Xin , Zhang Yi , Drigo Nikita , Queloz Valentin I. E. , Tirani Farzaneh Fadaei , Scopelliti Rosario , Huang Zhangjun , Fang Xiaodong , Kinge Sachin , Fei Zhaofu , Roldán‐Carmona Cristina , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite the excellent photovoltaic properties achieved by perovskite solar cells at the laboratory scale, hybrid perovskites decompose in the presence of air, especially at high temperatures and in humid environments. Consequently, high‐efficiency perovskites are usually prepared in dry/inert environments, which are expensive and less convenient for scale‐up purposes. Here, a new approach based on the inclusion of an in situ polymerizable ionic liquid, 1,3‐bis(4‐vinylbenzyl)imidazolium chloride ([bvbim]Cl), is presented, which allows perovskite films to be manufactured under humid environments, additionally leading to a material with improved quality and long‐term stability. The approach, which is transferrable to several perovskite formulations, allows efficiencies as high as 17% for MAPbI3 processed in air % relative humidity (RH) ≥30 (from an initial 15%), and 19.92% for FAMAPbI3 fabricated in %RH ≥50 (from an initial 17%), providing one of the best performances to date under similar conditions.
A Machine‐Fabricated 3D Honeycomb‐Structured Flame‐Retardant Triboelectric Fabric for Fire Escape and Rescue
Authors: Ma Liyun , Wu Ronghui , Liu Sai , Patil Aniruddha , Gong Hao , Yi Jia , Sheng Feifan , Zhang Yuzei , Wang Jiang , Wang Jun , Guo Wenxi , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFire disaster is one of the most common hazards that threaten public safety and social development: how to improve the fire escape and rescue capacity remains a huge challenge. Here, a 3D honeycomb‐structured woven fabric triboelectric nanogenerator (F‐TENG) based on a flame‐retardant wrapping yarn is developed. The wrapping yarn is fabricated through a continuous hollow spindle fancy twister technology, which is compatible with traditional textile production processes. The resulting 3D F‐TENG can be used in smart carpets as a self‐powered escape and rescue system that can precisely locate the survivor position and point out the escape route to timely assist victim search and rescuing. As interior decoration, the unique design of the honeycomb weaving structure endows the F‐TENG fabric with an excellent noise‐reduction ability. In addition, combining with its good machine washability, air permeability, flame‐retardency, durability, and repeatability features, the 3D F‐TENG may have great potential applications in fire rescue and wearable sensors as well as smart home decoration.
A Cyclometalated Iridium (III) Complex as a Microtubule Probe for Correlative Super‐Resolution Fluorescence and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Tian Xiaohe , De Pace Cesare , Ruiz‐Perez Lorena , Chen Bo , Su Rina , Zhang Mingzhu , Zhang Ruilong , Zhang Qiong , Wang Qin , Zhou Hongping , Wu Jieying , Zhang Zhongping , Tian Yupeng , Battaglia Giuseppe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe visualization of microtubules by combining optical and electron microscopy techniques provides valuable information to understand correlated intracellular activities. However, the lack of appropriate probes to bridge both microscopic resolutions restricts the areas and structures that can be comprehended within such highly assembled structures. Here, a versatile cyclometalated iridium (III) complex is designed that achieves synchronous fluorescence–electron microscopy correlation. The selective insertion of the probe into a microtubule triggers remarkable fluorescence enhancement and promising electron contrast. The long‐life, highly photostable probe allows live‐cell super‐resolution imaging of tubulin localization and motion with a resolution of ≈30 nm. Furthermore, correlative light–electron microscopy and energy‐filtered transmission electron microscopy reveal the well‐associated optical and electron signal at a high specificity, with an interspace of ≈41 Å of microtubule monomer in cells.
Fabrication of CdS Frame‐in‐Cage Particles for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation under Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Zhang Peng , Luan Deyan , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe design of advanced structures for semiconductor photocatalysts is an effective approach to enhance their performance toward solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion. Hollow and frame‐like structures show advantageous features for photocatalytic reactions with enlarged surface area, shortened charge‐transfer distance, promoted light‐absorption ability, and enhanced mass‐transfer capability. Here, a facile two‐step sulfidation strategy is developed to fabricate unique CdS frame‐in‐cage particles for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Cd‐based Prussian blue analog (Cd‐PBA) cubes are first converted to Cd‐PBA cube‐in‐CdS cage particles, which are further transformed to CdS frame‐in‐cage particles. Benefiting from the novel frame‐in‐cage structure, the obtained CdS photocatalyst exhibits high activity under visible‐light irradiation with the hydrogen generation rate of 13.6 mmol h−1 g−1, which is much enhanced compared with those of the CdS cubes and cages.
Boosting the Performance of Nitrogen‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon Oxygen Electrode with Ultrathin 2D Iron/Cobalt Selenides
Authors: Hong Xuekun , Xu Yuyang , Wang Ruyue , Du Peng , Zhao Zebi , Huang Kai , Tang Haolin , Liu Yushen , Lei Ming , Wu Hui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh‐performance and low‐cost oxygen electrode catalysts for rechargeable metal–air battery have been regarded as one pivotal issue for the ever‐increasing energy‐demanding devices like electric vehicles, domestic appliances, and consumer electronics. To develop an effective substitute of noble‐metal‐based catalysts, the modified nitrogen‐doped mesoporous carbon (NMC) is proposed as composite catalysts with a series of 2D transition metal selenides (MSe, M = Fe and/or Co) by liquid exfoliation, anchoring, and thermal activation. By varying the transition metal elements, CoSe@NMC is confirmed as the competitive alternative relative to the coupled commercial catalysts (IrO2 and Pt/C), with a comparable overpotential for oxygen evolution reaction at 10 mA cm−2 and positively shifted half‐wave potential for oxygen reduction reaction even after accelerated durability tests for 5000 cycles. Therefore, this postmodification strategy can promote further design toward the advanced electrode materials for other energy conversion and storage techniques.