bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio percentile curves for Pakistani children and adolescents aged 2–18 years using Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Aslam Muhammad , Altaf Saima , Mustafa Sajid 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Children from different countries and with different ethnic backgrounds have a distinct pattern of central fat deposition. Therefore, it is essential to develop population-specific percentiles of waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-height ratio exponent (WHtR (exp)) for the evaluation of central obesity. The objective of this study was to develop age-and-gender-specific smoothed WC and WHtR percentile curves for the Pakistani children and adolescents aged 2–18 years.

Methods
A cross-sectional data-set from a multi-ethnic anthropometric survey was considered. A sample of 10,668 healthy subjects (boys = 51.92%; and girls = 48.08%), aged 2–18 years was studied. Height (cm) and WC (cm) of each subject was measured under standard procedure and WHtR & WHtR (exp) were calculated. Age-and-gender-specific smoothed curves were obtained using the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method and compared with percentile curves obtained from different countries.

Results
Except few early ages, the WC values increased with age in both sexes. Both boys and girls had approximately similar WC during 6–11 years of age and after age of 11, the boys had larger WC than the girls had. For WHtR, the centile curves showed a continuous decrease by 16 years of age and then increased gradually. WHtR of the girls in various ages were having similar or higher than those of the boys. In comparison of WC 50th and 90th percentiles with other countries, it was found that except few ages, the Pakistani children had larger WC than the other reference populations and the results of WHtR were also comparable to the other nations.

Conclusions
We present new reference data of WC, WHtR and WHtR (exp) using a representative sample of the Pakistani children aged 2–18 years. These reference values can be used provisionally for early detection of central obesity and its associated risks in the Pakistani children.
Saudi children with celiac disease: are they at risk of developing type-1 diabetes mellitus?
Authors: Saadah Omar I. , ALsaiari Ameera S. , Al-Mughales Jamil A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease (CeD) share the same genetic susceptibility alleles. The diabetes-associated autoantibodies (DAA) may be detected in CeD patients. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of DAA in children with CeD.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study of children with CeD. The CeD patients were divided into two groups; group 1 (n=23) included patients with isolated CeD and group 2 included patients with combined T1DM and CeD. The study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in 2012–2014. DAA, including glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) and protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 antibodies (IA-2), were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in both groups. Clinical, demographic, and laboratory data were collected from the patients’ medical charts.

Results
DAA were determined in 23 patients in group-1 and 18 patients in group-2. Group-1 comprised 43.5% males and 56.5% females; the mean age was 15 ± 3.7 years (with a range of 5–18 years). The prevalence of GADA and IA-2 was 69.6 and 4%, respectively. Group-2 comprised 55.6% males and 44.4% females; the mean age was 15.1 ± 2.8 years (with a range of 7–18 years). The prevalence of GADA and IA-2 was 66.7 and 22.2%, respectively. No significant differences were found between both groups in the prevalence of GADA (p=1.0) or IA-2 (p=0.15).

Conclusions
Saudi children with CeD have higher prevalence of GADA than reported in a number of other Western studies. Long-term follow-up data is required before recommending routine screening for DAA.
Die ‚patria potestas‘ in Boccaccios ‚Decameron‘
Authors: Doering Pia Claudia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe power of fathers over their children – especially over their daughters – is a central theme of Boccaccio’s ‘Decameron’. Novella V,7 situates the ‘patria potestas’ in a tension-filled position between honour and law, vigilante justice and public prosecution. The legitimation of cruelty and violence by invoking the ‘patria potestas’ is questioned through the confrontation with poetic justice.
„Indo-European in Basis and Origin“. Das altirische Recht zwischen insularem Archaismus und europäischer Verflechtung
Authors: Bubert Marcel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearch on Old Irish law was from the very beginning related to specific epistemological and political contexts in which Celtic and Indo-European Studies emerged as scientific disciplines at the end of the 19th century. The premise of historical linguistics that the Indo-European languages derived from a common ‘origin’ had far reaching implications for studies on medieval Celtic law tracts. Since linguists had discovered significant parallels between Old Irish and Sanskrit, the legal traditions of Ireland and India were believed to preserve archaic Indo-European continuities as well. Against this background, and in a particular political context, Irish scholars of the 20th century argued for the autonomy and isolation of Old Irish law which was supposed to be unaffected by the Latin and Christian literature of continental Europe. However, later researches departed radically from this national perspective and emphasized the impact of Canon law, hagiography and the Bible on Irish written culture. This article takes up a different perspective by focusing on the persistence of a legal imagery that was by no means essentially Indo-European but still provided conceptual tools for the interpretation and ‘translation’ of texts, as they occur in vernacular adaptations of Latin literature.
Marginalia in Medieval Western Scandinavian Law Manuscripts
Authors: Drechsler Stefan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the present chapter, the design of select margins of late medieval Old Norse manuscripts containing the Icelandic ‘Jónsbók’, ‘Kristinréttr Árna biskups’ and Norwegian ‘Landslǫg’ law codes is addressed. In particular, it discusses the size and fillings of margins in these codices and the relation to their modes of use by original clients and later owners. Although it is well-known that Scandinavian law manuscripts contain a large number of notes written by both original and later users, the particular use of marginal spaces by original scribes and illuminators for glosses and other annotations and illuminations has scarcely been investigated to date. In my contribution, two distinctive features will be addressed: (1.) The different use of margins by Norwegian and Icelandic readers of the manuscripts, and (2.) the use of margins by illuminators surrounding the column(s) and incorporated initials.
Befriending Job: Theodicy Amid the Ashes
Authors: Scott Mark Stephen Murray 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhat role should theodicy play in the face of loss and acute suffering? Should it keep its distance and remain respectfully silent or should it step forward to illuminate the opaque reality of evil, especially untimely death? In my article, I explore the fraught relationship between the personal experience of loss and its theological interpretation through an analysis of three related bereavement autobiographies: C. S. Lewis’s A Grief Observed, Nicholas Wolterstorff’s Lament for a Son, and William Abraham’s Among the Ashes. Invoking Job’s “friends” as a theoretical framework, I analyze each author’s attempt to reconcile the lived experience of suffering with the theoretical task of theodicy: to explain suffering. I conclude with my own constructive proposal on the place of theodicy in the realm of human anguish.
Polylactide-based stent coatings: biodegradable polymeric coatings capable of maintaining sustained release of the thrombolytic enzyme streptokinase
Authors: Kolmakov A. G. , Baikin A. S. , Gudkov S. V. , Belosludtsev K. N. , Nasakina E. O. , Kaplan M. A. , Sevostyanov M. A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The paper describes synthesis and testing of novel biodegradable polylactide-based polymer membranes with desired mechanical properties, which are capable of sustained and directed release of biomacromolecules with high molecular weight (in particular, streptokinase; m.w. 47 kDa). Streptokinase is a pharmaceutical agent, possessing a pronounced thrombolytic activity. The membranes synthesized had a percentage elongation of 2–11% and tensile strength of 25–85 MPa. They were biodegradable – yet being stored in aqueous media in the absence of biological objects, would be dissolved by no more than 10% in 6 months. The synthesized membranes were capable of controlled release of streptokinase into the intercellular space, with the enzyme retaining more than 90% of its initial activity. The rate of streptokinase release from the membranes varied from 0.01 to 0.04 mg/day per cm2 of membrane surface. The membrane samples tested in the work did not have any short-term toxic effects on the cells growing de novo on the membrane surface. The mitotic index of those cells was approximately 1.5%, and the number of non-viable cells on the surface of the polymer films did not exceed 3–4% of their total amount. The implantation of the synthesized polymers – as both individual films and coatings of nitinol stents – was not accompanied by any postoperative complications. The subsequent histological examination revealed no abnormalities. Two months after the implantation of polymer films, only traces of polylactide were found in the implant-surrounding tissues. The implantation of stents coated with streptokinase-containing polymers resulted in the formation of a mature and thick connective-tissue capsules. Thus, the polylactide membranes synthesized and tested in this work are biodegradable, possess the necessary mechanical properties and are capable of sustained and directed release of streptokinase macromolecules.
Faraday and Kerr Effects in Right and Left-Handed Films and Layered Materials
Authors: Lofy Josh , Gasparian Vladimir , Gevorkian Zhyrair , Jódar Esther 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the present work, we study the rotations of the polarization of light propagating in right and left-handed films and layered structures. Through the use of complex values representing the rotations we analyze the transmission (Faraday effect) and reflections (Kerr effect) of light. It is shown that the real and imaginary parts of the complex angle of Faraday and Kerr rotations are odd and even functions for the refractive index n, respectively. In the thin film case with left-handed materials there are large resonant enhancements of the reflected Kerr angle that could be obtained experimentally. In the magnetic clock approach, used in the tunneling time problem, two characteristic time components are related to the real and imaginary portions of the complex Faraday rotation angle . The complex angle at the different propagation regimes through a finite stack of alternating right and left-handed materials is analyzed in detail. We found that, in spite of the fact that Re(θ) in the forbidden gap is almost zero, the Im(θ) changes drastically in both value and sign.
Food chemoprevention and air pollution: the health comes with eating
Authors: Visalli Giuseppa , Facciolà Alessio , Laganà Pasqualina , Di Pietro Angela 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ambient air pollution is known to be an important causative agent of many non-communicable diseases, mainly due to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). According to Global Burden Disease study in 2015, the estimated premature deaths caused by PM2.5 were 4.2 million. Besides deaths, airborne pollution’s effect on human health also has dramatic economic and social costs, contributing greatly to disability-adjusted life-year (DALY). To reduce the health impact is necessary a double approach, which includes the improvement of air quality and food chemoprevention, aimed at enhancing the homeostatic abilities of exposed subjects. The scavenging, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of nutraceuticals effectively counteract the pathogenic mechanisms common in almost all non-communicable diseases associated with air pollutants. Moreover, several bioactive compounds of food modulate, by epigenetic mechanisms, the metabolism of xenobiotics, favouring conjugation reactions and promoting excretion. This narrative review summarize the numerous pieces of evidence collected in the last decades by observational and experimental studies which underline the chemopreventive role of flavonoids, contained in several fruits and consumer beverages (wine, tea, etc.), and isothiocyanate sulforaphane, contained in the cruciferous vegetables belonging to the genus Brassica. These bioactive compounds, enhancing the individual homeostatic abilities, reduce the harmful effects of airborne pollution.
How to End theOdyssey
Authors: Bakker Egbert J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis contribution discusses the plot of the Odyssey as a field of opposing forces shaping the ending of the poem: (i) the generic tension between folktale and epic; (ii) the fundamental ambiguity of the poem’s climactic event, the killing of the Suitors (justice or revenge?); and (iii) the antagonism between Zeus and Poseidon. On this basis two competing scenarios for the ending of the poem are proposed: amnesia and departure, the former viewing the theme of revenge on the human plane, the latter on the divine.
Narratives ofamor,armaandarmenta in Ovid’sMetamorphoses
Authors: Paschalis Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOvid frequently organizes individual “narratives” on the basis of semantic relations (including etymology) that link together basic concepts and themes. This web of semantic relations creates a second level of text or subtext that deepens our understanding of the composition of the poem and adds meaning(s) to each particular narrative. One such subtext concerns the semantics of erotic violence or of “love” (amor) and “arms” (arma), the study of which can enrich our understanding of Ovid’s narrative skills. The pair amor and arma is sometimes expanded to include armenta in the sense of “cattle,” “oxen,” or any animal less commonly or uniquely assigned to this species. The addition of armenta to the semantic cluster is due to the fact that they are often included in Ovid’s mythological narratives, either as real animals or as transformed human beings or as disguised divinities.
High temperature tetragonal crystal structure of UPt2Si2
Authors: Prokeš Karel , Fabelo Oscar , Süllow Stefan , Lee Jooseop , Mydosh John A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
High temperature crystal structure of UPt2Si2 determined using single-crystal neutron diffraction at 400 K is reported. It is found that the crystal structure remains of the primitive tetragonal CaBe2Ge2 type with the space group P4/nmm. Anisotropic displacement factors of the Pt atoms at the 2a (3/4 1/4 0) and Si atoms at the 2c (1/4 1/4 z) Wyckoff sites are found to be anomalously large.
The ternary phase Li8SbxSn3-x with 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 1.0
Authors: Berger Patric , Schmetterer Clemens , Silvia Effenberger Herta , Flandorfer Hans 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the frame of the studies on the phase relations in the ternary system Li–Sb–Sn at 300 °C the new ternary phase Li8SbxSn3-x (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) was synthesized and characterized predominantly by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. The title compound crystallizes trigonally in the space group R

3
‾

$&#x203e;{3}$

m (no. 166), the lattice parameters are a = 4.6962(11) Å and c = 31.536(6) Å. The crystal structure of Li8SbxSn3-x is described in the present paper. In addition, the stereochemical and topological relations to the phases with similar composition, namely Li13Sn5, Li5Sn2 as well as cubic Li3Sb, besides native Li are discussed.
Facile in situ redox synthesis of Au@Fe2O3 nanocomposites with multifunctional catalytic activity
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Wei Xiao-jun , Liu Jun , Lv Xiao-meng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Using freshly synthesized Fe(OH)2 matrix and HAuCl4 as precursor, l-lysine as stabilizer and linker, Au nanoparticles coated onto γ-Fe2O3 substrate were in-situ synthesized at room temperature. The Au@Fe2O3 hybrid composites with small highly dispersed gold particles (∼3 nm) exhibited high catalytic activity towards 4-nitrophenol reduction and the oxidation of benzyl alcohol. The results indicated the rate constant for 4-nitrophenol reduction was 5.3 × 10−2 s−1, and displayed efficient catalytic performance in terms of turnover number (TOF) of 134.8 h−1 for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol at 90 ± 1 °C. Furthermore, the facial electrode potential-driven in situ synthesis method paved the way of other metal nanoparticles over Fe2O3.
Dienoraščio žanras žurnalistinės kaitos dramose
Authors: Vaišnys Andrius 
Published: July 2020

Stebėdami žurnalistikos kaitą, kai miršta popierinis laikraštis sulig išeinančia karta, o žinios gali būti atnaujinamos kas akimirką elektroniniame leidinyje, ieškome atsakymo, kuo ji yra kitokia nei vakar. Juk žurnalistika turi būti ir toliau greitesnė, technologiškai spartesnė nei jos vartotojas – tai yra klasikinė naujienų pateikimo sąlyga. Ir naujienos reikšmė tebėra dvejopa: viena – tai žinia apie įvykį; kita – tai naujumas bet kurio žanro kūrinyje. Ir kai žinia pasiekiama ir pateikiama palyginti vis sparčiau, ar kiekvieno žanro žurnalistinis kūrinys gali būti lygiai taip pat sparčiai sukuriamas ir „patiekiamas“? Gali. Technologijos užtikrina spartumą. Būtent jos lemia įdomiausią kaitos ypatumą: išsiplečia žurnalistikos žanrų raiškos galimybės. Technologijos lėmė dienoraščio „atgimimą“: jis jau yra žurnalistikos žanrų sąraše, įgijo struktūrinių reikalavimų, būdingų informacijos kūriniui ir net tampa leidiniu. Straipsnyje, paaiškindami teismo bylą, susijusią su dienoraščio autoriaus teisėmis būti prilygintam žurnalistui, išnagrinėsime dienoraščio – žurnalistinio kūrinio vaidmenį (t.y. įvertindami dienoraštį kaip žurnalistikos žanrą).
Esminiai žodžiai: dienoraštis, leidinys, tinklaraštis, žanras, žurnalas, žurnalistinis dienoraštis
Apex Locator - Booster to Dentist : Literature Review
Authors: Manhas Swati , Lakra Sonia , Mehak  , Sharma Abhishek , Garg Kriti , Arora Gautam 
Published: July 2020

Successful root canal treatment depends on thorough cleaning & shaping and 3- dimensional fluid impervious obturation of tooth within the confines of canals. To achieve this objective the apical constriction must be detected accurately during canal preparation and precise control over working length during the procedure must be maintained. There are many methods of working length determination including radigraphs and electronic method(apex locator). Introduction of apex locators have definitely served as an effective adjuvant to radiographs.
A Toolkit to Assess the Covit-19 Syndrom
Authors: Hussein Rafaat 
Published: July 2020

Report after report reinforces the prevailing vulnerability of human health to the COVIT-19 that must be tackled worldwide. Using tracking and assessment systems can assist the authority to achieve this goal. This communication is a step for enhancing the effectiveness of the existing tackling approaches. The overall long-term goal for this research effort is to develop a robust monitoring system to rapidly detect the adverse impacts in pandemic(s). The overarching goal includes:

Vulnerability and risk assessment.
Management and protection strategies.

The COVIT-19 issue is inherently complex and has no unique methodology so far to address it. However, we believe that the computer knowledge-based technologies provide the adequate tools needed for probing and assessing the level of vulnerability and tracking its impacts (1, 2, 3). In this communication, we termed the situation as syndrome based on its widespread adverse impacts.
Encuesta de Opinión sobre Planeación Familiar en los Municipios de Popayán y Timbio
Authors: Erazo José E. 
Published: July 2020

El Cauca es un departamento situado en la parte sur occidental del país, con una superficie de 30.200 km. cuadrados y 115 km. de costa sobre el Océano Pacífico. Tiene una población estimada para el 5 de julio de 1963 de 357.060, con una densidad de 17.8 habitantes por km. cuadrado.
Short-Term Projection of COVID 19 Cases in Kenya using an Exponential Model
Authors: Kirichu Samuel Kiruri 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 disease has spread to over 200 countries and territories since the first case was recorded in Wuhan, China in December 2019. In Kenya, the first case of COVID-19 was recorded on 13th March 2020 and since then over five thousand cases have been confirmed as of 26th June 2020. In the same period, one hundred and forty four mortality cases had been recorded in the country. With the rapid changing situation, timely and reliable data is required for monitoring, planning and rapid decision making with an aim of reversing the already deteriorating situation (economic, health, learning among others) in the country. Methods: The study used the exponential growth model to estimate the daily growth rate and the real-time-effective reproduction number. The study also estimated the naïve and the adjusted Case Fatality Rates. Results: The naïve-Case Fatality Rate of 26th June 2020 which was the 106 day after the first case was confirmed in Kenya was estimated as 2.5% while the adjusted Case Fatality Rate with a lag of 2 days was estimated as 2.6%. The daily exponential growth rate was estimated as 0.22 while the real-time reproduction number as of 26th June 2020 was estimated as 1.28 [95% CI: 1.27 – 1.29]. Conclusion: The daily growth rate and the real-time reproduction number indicated that the outbreak was still growing as of the time of analysis.
Bioactive Nanocomposites Composed of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles and 58S Bioactive Glass: Synthesis, Characterization, Bioactivity Evaluation and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Zaferani Seyed Peiman Ghorbanzade , Nabian Nima , Rabiee Sayed Mahmood 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors–induced hypothyroidism as a prognostic factor in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bo Li , Zhou Liang , Tang Yin , Liu Yu , Wang Kunjie , Li Hong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Hypothyroidism as a predictive factor represent highly controversial in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors-induced (TKI-induced) hypothyroidism. we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of TKI-induced hypothyroidism for progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with mRCC.Methods: PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched with the keywords of "renal cell carcinoma", "hypothyroidism", "tyrosine kinase inhibitor", "sunitinib", "axitinib", "sorafenib" and "pazopanib" until September 2019. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of extracted from progression-free survival (PFS) were statistically analyzed by STATA15.1 software. Heterogeneity was assessed by I²value. Publication bias was appraised by the funnel chart, Egger's and Begg's tests.Results: Eighteen studies with more than 1300 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The result demonstrated that TKI-induced hypothyroidism was an effective predictor of longer PFS (HR=0.57,95%CI:0.49-0.66, P＜0.001, I²=34.4%) in patients with mRCC. No significant publication bias was detected.Conclusions: Our analysis harvested from currently available clinical evidence shows that TKI-induced hypothyroidism expressed longer PFS, compared with euthyroidism, among patients with mRCC treated with "sunitinib", "axitinib", "sorafenib" and "pazopanib".