bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired vigilance networks in temporal lobe epilepsy: Mechanisms and clinical implications
Authors: Englot Dario J. , Morgan Victoria L. , Chang Catie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a neurological disorder in which patients suffer from frequent consciousness‐impairing seizures, broad neurocognitive deficits, and diminished quality of life. Although seizures in mTLE originate focally in the hippocampus or amygdala, mTLE patients demonstrate cognitive deficits that extend beyond temporal lobe function—such as decline in executive function, cognitive processing speed, and attention—as well as diffuse decreases in neocortical metabolism and functional connectivity. Given prior observations that mTLE patients exhibit impairments in vigilance, and that seizures may disrupt the activity and long‐range connectivity of subcortical brain structures involved in vigilance regulation, we propose that subcortical activating networks underlying vigilance play a critical role in mediating the widespread neural and cognitive effects of focal mTLE. Here, we review evidence for impaired vigilance in mTLE, examine clinical implications and potential network underpinnings, and suggest neuroimaging strategies for determining the relationship between vigilance, brain connectivity, and neurocognition in patients and healthy controls.
Plant responses to nutrient addition and predictive ability of vegetation N:P ratio in an austral fen
Authors: Burge Olivia Rata , Clarkson Beverley R. , Bodmin Kerry A. , Bartlam Scott , Robertson Hugh A. , Sukias James P. S. , Tanner Chris C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Previous studies of the N:P ratio in wetland plants have been carried out in northern hemisphere wetlands where atmospheric nitrogen deposition is higher. There is little research on foliar N:P ratio as a potential indicator of nutrient limitation in vegetation communities in southern hemisphere wetlands. This study aimed to redress this knowledge gap and answer the following questions: how well does the plant tissue nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) ratio predict wetland plant community nutrient limitation, as indicated by vegetation standing stocks and below‐ground biomass, in southern hemisphere fens? Secondly, what are the impacts of realistic upper levels of farm nutrient run‐off on natural montane fen vegetation?

Low (35 kg ha−1 year−1) and high (70 kg ha−1 year−1) levels of nitrate‐N or ammonium‐N with and without P (20 kg ha−1 year−1) were added to 81 vegetation plots over a period of 2.75 years. Species composition, plant nutrient status, and above‐ground live vegetation standing stocks were assessed after 3 years, and below‐ground biomass after 2 years.

Plant tissue analysis suggested the community was N limited or N and P co‐limited; we found greater standing stocks of vegetation in plots treated with 70 kg ha−1 year−1 ammonium‐N, indicating N limitation. No difference between other treatments was found in above‐ground standing stocks or below‐ground biomass. Plant species cover increased in both high N treatments, consistent with N limitation. These changes in plant species cover were accompanied by significant decreases in species richness in both high N treatments. Native species dominated the vegetation and this was unaffected by nutrient addition (90% cover).

This is one of the first studies to test and find support for the N:P ratio in southern hemisphere wetlands. Observed declines in species richness after N fertilisation in an N‐limited fen suggests increased N may pose risks to austral wetlands. Responses by plant communities (changes in composition, biomass) to lower levels of nutrient addition may require longer periods of fertilisation to be apparent in slow growing ecosystems.
Forest soil respiration and exoenzyme activity in western North America following thinning, residue removal for biofuel production, and compensatory soil amendments
Authors: Sherman Lauren , Coleman Mark D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCellulosic biofuel from forest thinning operations is a potential renewable energy source in regions with overstocked forests such as those in western United States. However, it is possible that biomass removal can deplete nutrients from soil, which can alter soil respiration (Rs) and exoenzyme properties, and potentially impact tree growth. This study evaluates the impact of biomass removal on Rs and exoenzyme properties and the capacity of soil amendments to counteract any potential effects. At two study locations, we created four post‐thinning biomass retention levels: full biomass removal (0×), full biomass retention (1×), double biomass retention (2×), and a no‐thin treatment. Four soil amendment treatments were applied to each biomass retention level: N fertilizer (F), biochar (B), fertilizer plus biochar (FB), and an untreated control (C). We evaluated treatment effects on Rs and activity of four exoenzymes to represent C‐cycling, N‐release, and P‐release processes. Biomass retention levels had no effect on Rs (p = .42) or exoenzyme activities (p > .29). Variation in exoenzyme activity was explained by location, season, soil organic matter, soil moisture content, and temperature. Variation in Rs was explained by the same variables, in addition to C‐cycling exoenzyme activity and soil pH. Soil amendments had no effect on exoenzyme activities (p > .49), and no main effect on Rs (p = .48), though amendments influenced Rs differently at each location (p = .02). Short‐term findings suggest small‐diameter biomass removal for cellulosic biofuel production will not impact Rs and exoenzyme properties, and paired with our tree growth study, provide evidence that biofuel systems are a feasible renewable energy source in the western North America.
Trust and the don't‐want‐to‐complain bias in peer‐to‐peer platform markets
Authors: Berg Lisbet , Slettemeås Dag , Kjørstad Ingrid , Rosenberg Thea Grav 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses peer‐to‐peer (P2P) digital platform markets, often associated with the “sharing economy” or the “collaborative economy”. Such digital platforms, facilitating new purchasing channels for consumers by matching P2P supply and demand, can be considered new market places challenging the conventional markets.How are P2P platform markets evaluated by the consumers?Based on a comprehensive survey‐data material, five different P2P service markets are considered by peer buyers and the results compared to consumers’ evaluations from similar conventional service markets according totrust,comparabilityand consumers’satisfactionwith the transactions.Comparabilityseems to be one advantage for the platform markets, whiletrustcould become a problem. Conditions fortrustin P2P platform markets is particularly interesting to study because contrary to conventional markets P2P transactions cannot rely on governmental laws, regulations and security net. This trust problem has been solved by a trust‐generating rate and review system. Our data material, however, distinguishes a mechanism that we have coined as thedon't‐want‐to‐complain bias.More precisely, people do not like to complain, hence buyers of P2P services often hesitate to give negative ratings when they are discontent with a service or a supplier. Therefore, positive ratings become overestimated. If consumers recognize this bias, ratings and reviews will lose credibility and no longer be considered trustworthy. Eventually, this may threaten the well‐functioning of P2P markets.
Taboo in consumption: Social structure, gender and sustainable menstrual products
Authors: Meenakshi N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough consumption taboos are prevalent in everyday life, consumer research interest in the topic remains scant and focuses mostly on taboo products. This research moves by focusing on taboo persons and explores how barriers are presented in consumption choices for such individuals. A qualitative research design was used in the study and in‐depth interviews were conducted with 31 women from middle and upper income classes who showed an inclination to purchase sustainable menstrual products (SMPs). This study analyses how the intimate and private consumption of SMPs gets transformed into a complex socially embedded consumption choice. The study explores how and why a social structure steeped in symbolic violence towards menstruating women constrains the consumption of SMPs. Disillusioned by patriarchal subordination, the women preferred to respect boundaries and maintain stability in their life. Despite their socialization and engagement in several sustainable consumption decisions prior to the consideration of SMPs, these women exhibited a lack of agency as they could not transgress orthodox gender boundaries even as their choice reinforced prevailing social inequalities. They sought to conform to the gendered habitus instead of engaging in an act of defiance. This act of self‐restraint, however, results in tensions as the women try to legitimize a consumption choice which is inconsistent with their attitude towards sustainable consumption. The study discusses the consequences of the new restrictions faced by the women as they reframe concerns about the environment and justify their choice.
Association of cytokine Th2 gene polymorphisms with autoimmune thyroid diseases in Tunisian population
Authors: Mestiri Souhir , Zaaber Ines , Inoubli Oumaima , Abid Nabil , Omrani Abir , Nejehi Hana , Marmouch Hela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAutoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are complex genetic diseases. Th2 cytokines act on the development of AITD. This study was conducted on Tunisian patients with AITD to investigate the association of Th2 cytokine gene polymorphisms and haplotype combination with GD or HT risk. A total of 156 controls, 160 patients with HT and 88 patients with GD were genotyped for IL‐4 rs2243250, IL‐5 rs2069812, IL‐6 rs1800796 and IL‐13 rs1800925 polymorphisms by PCR‐RFLP. The AITD risk was assessed by a logistic regression analysis using the SNP stats statistical program. False‐positive report probability (FPRP) was estimated to evaluate significant findings. IL‐13 rs1800925 was associated with GD, after adjustment for age and gender, in codominant, dominant and allele genetic models (p = .0072; p = .0018; p = .012, respectively). Significant association of the IL‐6 rs1800796C/G genotype with GD was also detected (p = .025). Furthermore, increased risk of HT was still found for IL‐13 rs1800925T allele (p = .039, OR = 1.39) and for IL‐4 rs2243250T/T genotype both in codominant (p = .033, OR = 2.59) and recessive (p = .011, OR = 2.73) models after adjustment for age and gender. Interestingly, haplotype analysis performed on the IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13 genes revealed a high risk of HT with CTT haplotype (p = .008, OR = 2.12). However, the CCT haplotype is a protective factor (OR = 0.36). Patients carrying the CT haplotype with only one minor allele had a moderate risk of HT (OR = 1.56). The FPRP analysis showed that the association of IL‐13 rs1800925 polymorphism with GD and HT and the association of CTT haplotype with HT were noteworthy. In conclusion, the IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6 and IL‐13 polymorphism may play a role in susceptibility to GD and HT in the Tunisian population. Furthermore, gene–gene interaction between the IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13 significantly increases the risk of AITD. Further studies with larger numbers of individuals are needed to confirm the results.
Determinants of parental report of dental pain and discomfort in preschool children—The Dental Discomfort Questionnaire
Authors: Felipak Patricia Kochany , Menoncin Bruna Leticia Vessoni , Reyes Magdalena Raquel Torres , Costa Luciane Rezende , de Souza Juliana Feltrin , Menezes José Vitor Nogara Borges 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPain is a major consequence of caries, which negatively impacts the quality of life of children and their families.AimTo analyse the parental report of dental pain and discomfort in preschool children, and to identify clinical and sociodemographic factors associated.DesignThis cross‐sectional study involved 375 four‐ and five‐year‐old preschoolers enrolled in the city of Campo Magro public school system, along with their parents and caregivers. Parents/caregivers answered the Brazilian version of the Dental Discomfort Questionnaire (DDQ‐B) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Two examiners (kappa > 0.79) performed clinical examinations using dmf‐t and pufa index. The associations were statistically analysed by univariate and multiple Poisson regression with robust variance (α = 0.05).ResultsThe prevalence of dental pain and discomfort was 70.3% (66%‐75% 95% CI). Children from non‐nuclear families (PRa 1.33; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.76) and whose parents presented a lower level of education (PRa 2.43; 95% CI 1.66‐3.55) presented a higher prevalence of dental pain or discomfort. Considering the clinical determinants, after adjusting, only the presence of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries (pufa ≥ 1) (PRa 1.37; 95% CI 1.02‐1.84) was significantly associated with higher dental pain or discomfort.ConclusionsDental pain and discomfort were associated with socioeconomic factors and with the presence of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries.
Identification and functional characterization of mutations in LPL gene causing severe hypertriglyceridaemia and acute pancreatitis
Authors: Han Peng , Wei Guohong , Cai Ke , Xiang Xi , Deng Wang Ping , Li Yan Bing , Kuang Shan , Dong Zhanying , Zheng Tianyu , Luo Yonglun , Liu Junnian , Guan Yuanning , Li Chen , Dey Subrata Kumar , Liao Zhihong , Banerjee Santasree 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHypertriglyceridaemia is a very rare disorder caused by the mutations of LPL gene, with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Here, we identified two unrelated Chinese patients manifested with severe hypertriglyceridaemia and acute pancreatitis. The clinical symptoms of proband 1 are more severe than proband 2. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed. Functional analysis of the identified mutations has been done. Whole exome sequencing identified two pairs of variants in LPL gene in the proband 1 (c.162C>A and c.1322+1G>A) and proband 2 (c.835C>G and c.1322+1G>A). The substitution (c.162C>A) leads to the formation of a truncated (p.Cys54*) LPL protein. The substitution (c.835C>G) leads to the replacement of leucine to valine (p.Leu279Val). The splice donor site mutation (c.1322+1G>A) leads to the formation of alternative transcripts with the loss of 134 bp in exon 8 of the LPL gene. The proband 1 and his younger son also harbouring a heterozygous variant (c.553G>T; p.Gly185Cys) in APOA5 gene. The relative expression level of the mutated LPL mRNA (c.162C>A, c.835C>G and c.1322+1G>A) showed significant differences compared to wild‐type LPL mRNA, suggesting that all these three mutations affect the transcription of LPL mRNA. These three mutations (c.162C>A, c.835C>G and c.1322+1G>A) showed noticeably decreased LPL activity in cell culture medium but not in cell lysates. Here, we identified three mutations in LPL gene which causes severe hypertriglyceridaemia with acute pancreatitis in Chinese patients. We also described the significance of whole exome sequencing for identifying the candidate gene and disease‐causing mutation in patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia and acute pancreatitis.
Size‐dependent costs of migration: Migrant bird species are subordinate to residents, but only at small body sizes
Authors: Martin Paul R. , Kenyon Haley L. , Hayes Leah 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMigrant species are commonly thought to be poor competitors in aggressive interactions with resident species. However, no studies have tested whether this relationship is widespread. Here, we compare the behavioural dominance of closely related species of migratory and nonmigratory birds, testing whether migrants are consistently subordinate to resident species in aggressive contests. We compiled published behavioural dominance data involving migrant and resident congeners, gathering additional data on the body mass and migratory distance of each species. Focal species included a diverse array of birds (28 taxonomic families, 12 orders) from around the world. We found that migrant species are usually subordinate to resident species, but that this relationship disappears at larger body sizes. For smaller birds (<500 g), resident species were behaviourally dominant in 83%–88% of comparisons; for larger birds (>500 g), resident species were dominant in only 25%–30% of comparisons. The relative difference in body mass best predicted dominance relationships among species, with larger species dominant in 80%–84% of comparisons. When migrant and resident masses were equal, however, resident species were still more likely to be dominant in smaller birds, suggesting that other factors may also contribute to the subordinate status of migrants. Overall, our results suggest that in smaller species, the evolution of migration is associated with lighter weights and other traits that compromise the competitive abilities of migrants relative to residents. In contrast, larger species appear able to evolve migration without compromising their size or competitive abilities in aggressive contests, suggesting size‐dependent constraints on the evolution of migration.
Early development and occurrence patterns of the Pagrinae seabream Argyrops bleekeri (Perciformes: Sparidae): Does early life history have implications for sparid relationships?
Authors: Uehara Masato , Tachihara Katsunori 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe early development and occurrence patterns of Argyrops bleekeri are described based on 87 specimens collected from Nakagusuku Bay on Okinawa Island in southwestern Japan. Larvae and juveniles of the genus Argyrops are distinguished from the other seabreams inhabiting the Western Pacific region by the strength and extent of head spination, body depth, dorsal‐fin‐ray counts and melanophore patterns. Argyrops bleekeri is easily distinguished from other members of this genus by the presence of a single rudimentary dorsal‐fin spine on the first dorsal pterygiophore, melanophore patterns and an allopatric distribution. Argyrops bleekeri larvae [3.3–7.1 mm body length (BL)] and juveniles (6.7–13.0 mm BL) were found in the bay from January to May; nonetheless, they were not collected from the outer bay or in extremely shallow inshore areas such as tidal flats. The results suggest that Argyrops is the most derived red seabream because of its spiny morphology, and it may be a member of an expanding nearshore group of red seabreams, which originally inhabited offshore waters.
Induced spawning and embryonic and early larval development of bonefish (Albula vulpes)
Authors: Halstead Williams R. , Mejri Sahar , Cianciotto Anthony C. , Wills Paul S. , Van Leeuwen Travis E. , Adams Aaron J. , Shenker Jonathan M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBonefish (Albula vulpes L.) are a highly prized sport fish. Despite their economic importance, populations in the Florida Keys and Caribbean are in decline, with the early life history undescribed. Injections of carp pituitary extract into A. vulpes during the advanced stages of ovarian development induced ovulation and spawning. Embryos were sampled hourly until hatching into undeveloped, yolk‐sac leptocephalus larvae. These larvae survived 56 h post‐hatch, when myomeres and eyes were developing but not the mouth. These results inform future research on the reproduction and early life history of A. vulpes.
Psilorhynchus nahlongthai, a new fish species (Teleostei: Psilorhynchidae) from the Brahmaputra drainage, northeast India
Authors: Dey Abhinit , Choudhury Hrishikesh , Mazumder Abhishek , Thaosen Sarbojit , Sarma Dandadhar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPsilorhynchus nahlongthai, a new psilorhynchid fish, is described from the Diyung River, a tributary to the Kopili River (itself a southern tributary of the Brahmaputra drainage) in Assam, northeast India. It is placed in thePsilorhynchus balitoraspecies group and can be easily distinguished from all other members of this group by a combination of the following characters: dense and prominent tuberculation on the head region; thick and long pre‐ and post‐epiphyseal fontanelles on the neurocranium; 9 + 8 caudal‐fin rays; and 34 (24 + 10) vertebrae. Genetic divergence betweenP. nahlongthaiand members of theP. balitoraspecies group from the Brahmaputra and neighbouring drainages, with K2P distances ranging 3.7%–14.7% and 7.4%–20.7% in the mitochondrial COI and cytbgene datasets respectively, support its report as a new species.
Incidence and risk factors of colonoscopic post‐polypectomy bleeding and perforation in patients with end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Yang Shih‐Cheng , Wu Cheng‐Kun , Tai Wei‐Chen , Liang Chih‐Ming , Li Yu‐Chi , Yeh Wen‐Shuo , Lee Chen‐Hsiang , Yang Yao‐Hsu , Tsai Tzu‐Hsien , Hsu Chien‐Ning , Chuah Seng‐Kee 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsColonoscopic polypectomy in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are at risks of post‐polypectomy bleeding and perforation, but evidences are limited. This study aimed to determine the incident polypectomy complications among ESRD patients.MethodsIn the nationwide ESRD cohort, a propensity score matched case–control study design was conducted to assess risk associated with post‐polypectomy bleeding and perforation using the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database from 1997 to 2013 for adults aged 40 years and older; 7011 ESRD and 19 118 non‐ESRD patients met the study criteria. A total of 5302 patients in each group were matched for further analyses. The primary endpoint was post‐polypectomy bleeding or bowel perforation in 30 days. The secondary endpoint was mortality and length of hospital stay for the bleeding complications requiring hospitalization.ResultsOverall incidences of post‐polypectomy bleeding or perforation in patients with ESRD was higher than the non‐ESRD group (5.83% vs 1.78%, P < 0.0001) in the matched cohort. High risk of adverse outcomes was associated with ESRD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.38, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.85–3.05), female patient (aOR, 1.7, 95% CI, 1.37–2.11), history of acute myocardial infarction (aOR, 1.91, 95% CI, 1.1–3.32), liver disease (aOR, 1.79, 95% CI, 1.37–2.34), diabetes (aOR, 1.45, 95% CI, 1.16–1.82), cancer (aOR, 1.4, 95% CI, 1.09–1.81), inpatient setting (aOR, 13.19, 95% CI, 9.73–17.88), and prior use of clopidogrel (aOR, 1.61, 95% CI, 1.03–2.52) and warfarin (aOR, 2.03, 95% CI, 1.21–3.41).ConclusionsEnd‐stage renal disease was associated with approximately twofold higher risk of colonoscopic post‐polypectomy bleeding or perforation and should be cautiously performed in this special population cohort.