bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced Nest Predation of Cavity-Nesting Wood Ducks During Flooding in a Bottomland Hardwood Forest
Authors: Roy Nielsen Charlotte L. , Gates Robert J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Abstract
The importance of flooding to birds that nest in bottomland hardwood forests is poorly understood, in part because floods are difficult to predict. A large flood occurred in 2002, during our study of cavity-nesting Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa) in the Mississippi River floodplain. Nests were depredated prior to and after, but not during, the four-week flood. This observation prompted a retrospective analysis of flooding, nest predation, and nest success for our three-year study period of 2000–2002 and with a dataset extending back to 1995. Nest predation was lower and nest success was higher in the floodplain during floods. Flood conditions did not significantly affect nest success or nest predation rates in the adjacent upland, but nest success in upland forest was higher than in the floodplain during dry periods. Historically, spring flooding of riparian areas may to some extent have mitigated nest predation in bottomland forests.
P598T1 mapping and myocardial extracellular volume assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance in diabetic patients with stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Boros G A B , Hueb W , Rezende P C , Ribas F F , Dallazen A R , Ribeiro M O L , Garcia R M R , Garzillo C L , Lima E G , Morais T , Nomura C H , Rochitte C E , Serrano Junior C V , Ramires J A F , Kalil Filho R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
T1 mapping is a quantitative technique of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) increasingly used for characterization of the myocardium. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may impact myocardial tissue structure, however studies that assessed this association using non-invasive methods have conflicting results.

Purpose
We sought to compare the tissue characteristics of the non-infarcted myocardium of patients with and without diabetes with multivessel CAD.

Methods
Patients with stable multivessel CAD and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), included in the MASS V trial, underwent contrast-enhanced CMR before revascularization procedures. Patients were stratified according to the T2DM diagnosis at baseline. Values of myocardial native T1, post-contrast T1 and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) were compared between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Only myocardial tissue without late gadolinium enhancement were assessed.

Results
Of 155 patients studied, 67 (43%) were diabetic and 88 (57%) non-diabetic. Baseline characteristics were similiar between groups (age 70±10 vs 69±11; 69% vs 68% males; LVEF 65±13 vs 67±9). Mean Syntax score was 21.2±8.5 and 20.4±8.5 (p=0.52) in diabetic and non-diabetic, respectively. Myocardial native T1 values showed no diference in diabetic and non-diabetic (1013±67.9 vs 1015±61.4, p=0.72). However, in diabetic patients values of post-contrast T1 were significantly lower (482.2±43.8 vs 499.4±47.2, p=0.024) and ECV were higher (29.62±6.61 vs 27.08. ± 4.22, p=0.004). Multivariable analyses adjusted for age, sex, BMI, hypertension and Syntax score showed no differences in the results.
Figure1

Conclusion
In this study, T2DM was associated with higher ECV and lower post-contrast T1 values in the myocardial tissue. These findings suggest an increase in the myocardial intersticial matrix in patients with diabetes and stable multivessel CAD.
Training program for Research Educators of sequential course-based undergraduate research experiences
Authors: Light Caitlin , Fegley Megan , Stamp Nancy 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Science education studies have shown that a sequence of course-based research experiences has many positive effects for undergraduates. To maximize those benefits, we created a training program for the instructors (aka Research Educators). The program guides them in how to move students early in their college years through the process of science such that students then can successfully apply their learning to conduct real research projects. The key to instructors’ training is creating a supportive community of practice in which everyone participates, including by taking leading roles.
Bariatric surgery and risk of alcohol use disorder: a register-based cohort study
Authors: Bramming Maja , Becker Ulrik , Jørgensen Maja B , Neermark Søren , Bisgaard Thue , Tolstrup Janne S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Bariatric surgery has been associated with altered alcohol metabolism. We examined whether patients undergoing bariatric surgery have a higher risk of developing alcohol use disorder (AUD) compared with individuals with obesity who have not received bariatric surgery.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, we followed 13 430 patients undergoing bariatric surgery (95% gastric bypass) between 2005 and 2013 and a reference group of 21 021 individuals with obesity for a median of 6.9 years (5th-95th percentile: 4.0–9.8). Four different approaches were used to account for baseline differences between the two groups: (i) adjustment; (ii) inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW); (iii) 1:1 matching based on propensity scores; and (iv) before-and-after analysis comparing the bariatric surgery group with itself 5 years before and after surgery. Cox proportional hazard modelling was used to estimate hazard ratios of AUD defined from national registers.

Results
When applying the IPTW approach, the hazard ratio (HR) of AUD for bariatric surgery patients was 7.29 [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.06–9.48] compared with individuals without surgery. When employing different approaches (adjustment for baseline variables, matching on propensity scores, before-and-after analyses), results were of similar magnitude. Analysis stratified by time after surgery revealed a higher risk of AUD already within the first year following surgery [HR: 2.77 (95% CI: 1.39–5.53)].

Conclusions
Patients undergoing bariatric surgery have a higher risk of developing AUD compared with individuals without bariatric surgery. The higher risk observed in this group of patients cannot be explained by differences in baseline characteristics such as socioeconomic factors. Despite the higher risk of AUD, only few individuals developed AUD. Individuals with disabling obesity should therefore not rule out surgery based on these results but rather be aware of negative implications.
On the Distribution of Periods of Holomorphic Cusp Forms and Zeroes of Period Polynomials
Authors: Nordentoft Asbjørn Christian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we determine the limiting distribution of the image of the Eichler–Shimura map or equivalently the limiting joint distribution of the coefficients of the period polynomials associated to a fixed cusp form. The limiting distribution is shown to be the distribution of a certain transformation of two independent random variables both of which are equidistributed on the circle $\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}$, where the transformation is connected to the additive twist of the cuspidal $L$-function. Furthermore, we determine the asymptotic behavior of the zeroes of the period polynomials of a fixed cusp form. We use the method of moments and the main ingredients in the proofs are additive twists of $L$-functions and bounds for both individual and sums of Kloosterman sums.
Grappling with Dr. Strangelove’s “Wargasm” Fantasy
Authors: Payne Rodger A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDr. Strangelove continues to be viewed as one of the most acclaimed films of all-time. Likewise, international relations (IR) experts commonly list the film among the most essential IR-themed movies. The IR scholars who discuss Dr. Strangelove as a text or recommend it for courses generally claim that it can be used to explain nuclear deterrence, the security dilemma, mutually assured destruction, Cold War competition, and various other traditional serious concerns of the field. They also recognize that the satirical film is critical of nuclear strategy. This article considers Dr. Strangelove’s sexual subtext, involving important metaphors and symbols that IR scholars characteristically ignore. Yet, for decades, film critics and scholars from other disciplines have identified and emphasized the importance of the film's comedic “sexual framework” and concluding “wargasm.” Director Stanley Kubrick even acknowledged these key elements in private correspondence. The film suggests that the national security establishment's masculine view of the utility of nuclear weapons and deterrence are comparable to absurd male sexual fantasies. Feminist IR scholars frequently note that mainstream scholars largely ignore their critique of masculine views of the discipline and nuclear strategy. The article concludes that scholars in the field should both prioritize Dr. Strangelove’s sexual subtext and rely upon feminist contributions to help understand those elements.
Coupling of Size-Exclusion Chromatography to Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Determination of Trace Levels of Thifensulfuron-Methyl and Tribenuron-Methyl in Cottonseed and Cotton Gin Trash
Authors: Stry James J , Amoo Jennifer S , George Steve W , Hamilton-Johnson Teresa , Stetser Ellen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) was coupled to reversed-phase liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the determination of thifensulfuron-methyl and tribenuron-methyl in cottonseed and cotton gin trash. The limit of quantitation was 20 parts per billion (ppb), and the limit of detection was 6 ppb. The analytes were extracted by homogenization in a buffer solution. The extracts underwent a solvent exchange into methanol and were injected onto an SEC column. As the analytes eluted from the SEC column, the eluate was diverted onto a reversed-phase column for additional separation of the analytes and their detection via mass spectrometry. This method is unique because the samples are not cleaned up before analysis, the analytes are injected in methanol, and the entire analysis is completed in 30 min. Average recoveries and standard deviations for thifensulfuronmethyl and tribenuron-methyl in cotton gin trash were 91 ± 6% and 88 ± 5%, respectively. Average recoveries and standard deviations for thifensulfuron-methyl and tribenuron-methyl in cottonseed were 91 ± 11% and 99 ± 12%, respectively. This is an effective method for the detection and determination of thifensulfuron-methyl and tribenuronmethyl in cotton.
Determination of Phenolic Sympathomimetic Drugs in Pharmaceutical Samples and Biological Fluids by Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence
Authors: Aly Fatma A , Al-Tamimi Salma A , Alwarthan Abdulrahman A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A rapid and highly sensitive flow-injection chemiluminometric method was developed for determination of 3 sympathomimetic drugs, namely, etilefrine hydrochloride, isoxsuprine hydrochloride, and prenalterol hydrochloride. The method is based on chemiluminescence induced by oxidation of drugs with acidified potassium permanganate in the presence of formic acid as a carrier. The calibration graphs were linear over the concentration ranges 0.2–9, 0.2–12.5, and 0.025–1.25 μg/mL for the 3 compounds, respectively. The method was applied successfully in determining the drugs in dosage forms and in biological fluids. A proposal for the reaction pathway is suggested.
Identification and Determination of Oxytetracycline, Tiamulin, Lincomycin, and Spectinomycin in Veterinary Preparations by Thin-Layer Chromatography/Densitometry
Authors: Krzek Jan , Kwiecień Anna , Starek Małgorzata , Kierszniewska Anna , Rzeszutko Włodzimierz 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A thin-layer chromatographic/densitometric method was developed for the identification and quantitation of oxytetracycline, tiamulin, lincomycin, and spectinomycin in veterinary preparations. Silica gel-coated thin layer chromatography plates and 2 mobile phases were used to separate these constituents. The appropriate compositions of the suitable mobile phases were established: 10% citric acid solution–n-hexane–ethanol (80 + 1 + 1, v/v) and n–butanol–ethanol–chloroform– 25% ammonia (4 + 5 + 2 + 5, v/v). Along with Rf values and spot colors, direct UV and visual densitometric measurements were used for identification. Similar measuring ranges were used for quantitative analysis to obtain repeatable and reliable results for the preparations examined. The results of the quantitative analysis are characterized by a small confidence interval and are close to the declared contents of active constituents: oxytetracycline 30.01 ± 0.38 g at λ = 350 nm and 30.24 ± 0.86 g at λ = 430 nm; tiamulin, 10.19 ± 0.86 g at λ = 450 nm; lincomycin, 2.27 ± 0.08 g at λ = 278 nm; and spectinomycin, 2.18 ± 0.07 g at λ = 421 nm. The recoveries for all antibiotics ranged from 100.01 to 102.54%.
Derivative Spectrophotometric Analysis of 4-Quinolone Antibacterials in Formulations and Spiked Biological Fluids by Their Cu(II) Complexes
Authors: Rizk Mohammed , Belal Fathalla , Ibrahim Fawiza , Ahmed Soad , Sheribah Zeinab A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A derivative UV-spectrophotometric analytical procedure was developed for determination of three 4-quinolone antibacterials: norfloxacin (NFX), ciprofloxacin (CFX), and sparfloxacin (SFX). The method depends on the complexation of Cu(II) with the studied compounds in aqueous medium. A third order, measurement was applied for their quantification. A linear correlation was established between the amplitude of the peak and concentration for all the studied drugs in the range of 15–80, 35–120, and 200–700 ng/mL, with minimum detectability (S/N = 2) of 1.0, 1.3, and 5.1 ng/mL for NFX, CFX, and SFX, respectively. The method was successfully applied for accurate, sensitive, and selective determination of the studied drugs in bulk and tablets formulation with average percentage recoveries of 99.22 ± 0.55 to 100.33 ± 1.60. The results obtained were favorably compared with those of the reference method. The method was also used to determine sparfloxacin in spiked human plasma and urine. The results obtained were satisfactory, accurate, and precise.
Determination of Clenbuterol Residues in Bovine Urine by Optical Immunobiosensor Assay
Authors: Haughey Simon A , Baxter G Andrew , Elliott Christopher T , Persson Bjorn , Jonson Carin , Bjurling Peter 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Clenbuterol (CBL) is an orally active β2-adrenoceptor agonist which has been used in veterinary medicine as a broncodilator and an agent of uterine relaxation. It has however become better known as a drug used illegally to promote growth in farm animals. A rapid an sensitive biosensor assay was developed to detect CBL residues in bovine urine. The method involved a simple extraction procedure using tert-butyl methyl ether followed by analysis on the biosensor with results obtained against a buffer calibration curve. The assay allowed up to 88 samples to be analyzed per working day, with each cycle on the biosensor taking approximately 7 min to complete. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined as 0.27 ng/mL using 20 EU reference blank urine samples. The intra-assay Sr ranged from 4.7–7.6% for 3 control samples while the interassay Sr ranged from 9.2–12.7%. The recovery was found to be approximately 95%. A series of incurred urine samples were assayed and the results compared by Enzyme immunoassay (EIA), radio-immunoassay (RIA), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis.Urine samples taken from local abattoirs were also analyzed by the biosensor method and by EIA analysis. The antibody used in the biosensor test exhibited high cross reactivity with at least 7 other β-agonists allowing detection of these compounds at less than 1 ng/mL in bovine urine.
Sensitivity and Specificity of the BAX® for Screening/Listeria monocytogenes Assay: Internal Validation and Independent Laboratory Study
Authors: Hochberg Alan M , Roering Ann , Gangar Vidhya , Curiale Michael , Barbour W Mark , Mrozinski Peter M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study to certify the BAX® for Screening/Listeria monocytogenes assay (DuPont Qualicon, Wilmington, DE), an internal evaluation was conducted on 16 food types that were simultaneously analyzed with the BAX system (BAX), and the ISO method for the detection of L. monocytogenes (ISO). No statistically significant difference in performance between the BAX and ISO methods was observed. Inclusivity/exclusivity testing showed that the BAX system was able to detect 97 of 97 (100%) of L. monocytogenes strains tested. None of 56 other Listeria species or non-Listeria tested gave a reproducible positive BAX result. Ruggedness testing demonstrated that performance of the assay was not affected by reasonable variability in the operating parameters. BAX was then submitted for independent laboratory validation. In this phase, BAX was compared with standard culture methods for the detection of L. monocytogenes in chicken (USDA-FSIS), crab meat (BAM), and milk (AOAC). This study validated product claims of sensitivity and specificity &gt;98% in accordance with AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM requirements.
Identical Flow Injection Spectrophotometric Manifold for Determination of Protein, Phosphorus, Calcium, Chloride, Copper, Manganese, Iron, and Zinc in Feeds or Premixes
Authors: Liu Jing-Fu , Feng Ying-Di , Jiang Gui-Bin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A simple procedure using an identical manifold was developed for determination of nitrogen (protein) phosphorus, calcium, chloride, copper, manganese, iron, and zinc in feeds and feedstuffs. By changing appropriate reagents and detection wavelength, these 8 elements were determined successively with a simple identical double-line flow injection (FI) manifold. FI spectrophotometric determinations were made by the blue indophenol reaction for ammonium, the molybdenum blue method for phosphate, the cresolphthalein complexone procedure for calcium, and the mercuric thiocyanate procedure for chloride. The chromogenic reagents for copper, iron, manganese, and zinc determination were bis(cyclohexanone)oxalydihydrazone (Cuprizone), 1,10-phenanthroline, formaldoxime, and xylenol orange, respectively. Sample digestion catalyst, FI manifold, and some chemical parameters were optimized. The proposed procedure had a sampling rate of 90/h for each analyte. The determination ranges (mg/L) were 10–60 for N, 1–15 for P and Ca, 5–40 for Cl, and 0.5–15 for Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, respectively. Results of the analyses of animal feed and feedstuff samples by this procedure did not differ significantly from those obtained by proven manual methods.
Development and Validation of a Method Using On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection for the Determination of Bisphenol A, Octylphenol, and Nonylphenol in Groundwater
Authors: Careri Maria , Elviri Lisa , Mangia Alessandro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Alkylphenols are nonbiodegradable metabolites arising from various pathways of aerobic and anaerobic degradation of the nonionic surfactants alkylphenol ethoxylates. A method based on the use of on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography (LC) with UV detection was developed to determine bisphenol A, octylphenol, and nonylphenol at trace levels in water. The on-line coupled SPE procedure automatically enables an approximately 300-fold preconcentration of analytes, which can be further enhanced by an increase in applied sample volume. By using C18 cartridges, recoveries of &gt;90% were obtained for all the analytes. A validation procedure was carried out with a groundwater sample to ensure the quality of the results; performance criteria such as detection limits (LODs), quantitation limits (LOQs), linearity, and precision were evaluated. LODs and LOQs in the range of 0.17–0.36 and 0.35–1.88 μg/L, respectively, were found; for all the analytes, linearity was established over 2 orders of magnitude (r2 &gt;0.997, n = 54). The intraday repeatability values expressed as relative standard deviations were &lt;5.3%; a nested analysis of variance was performed to verify the influence of 3 different factors, i.e., different days, extraction procedure, and LC replicate injection, on data precision.
Analysis of Cyanobacterial Toxins by Physicochemical and Biochemical Methods
Authors: Codd Geoffrey A , Metcalf James S , Ward Clive J , Beattie Kenneth A , Bell Steven G , Kaya Kunimitsu , Poon Grace K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) produce a wide range of low molecular weight metabolites that include potent neurotoxins, hepatotoxins, and cytotoxins. The accumulation of such toxins in freshwaters, and in brackish and marine waters presents hazards to human and animal health by a range of exposure routes. A review is presented of developments in the detection and analysis of cyanobacterial toxins, other than bioassays, including application of physicochemical, immunoassays, and enzyme-based methods. Analytical requirements are considered with reference to recently derived guideline levels for the protection of health and to the availability, or otherwise, of purified, quantitative cyanobacterial toxin standards.
Quantitation of Antihistamines in Pharmaceutical Preparations by Liquid Chromatography with a Micellar Mobile Phase of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Pentanol
Authors: Gil-Agustí Mayte , Monferrer-Pons Llorenç , Esteve-Romero Josep , García-Alvarez-Coque María Celia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic procedure with a micellar mobile phase of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), containing a small amount of pentanol, was developed for the control of 7 antihistamines of diverse action in pharmaceutical preparations (tablets, capsules, powders, solutions, and syrups): azatadine, carbinoxamine, cyclizine, cyproheptadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, and tripelennamine. The retention times of the drugs were &lt;9 min with a mobile phase of 0.15M SDS–6% (v/v) pentanol. The recoveries with respect to the declared compositions were in the range of 93–110%, and the intra- and interday repeatabilities and interday reproducibility were &lt;1.2%. The results were similar to those obtained with a conventional 60 + 40 (v/v) methanol–water mixture, with the advantage of reduced toxicity, flammability, environmental impact, and cost of the micellar-pentanol solutions. The lower risk of evaporation of the organic solvent dissolved in the micellar solutions also increased the stability of the mobile phase.
Application of sec-Butanol to the Derivatization of Hydroxyfuranones
Authors: Nawrocki Jacek , Andrzejewski Przemysław , Jeleń Henryk 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper reports the use of sec-butanol for the derivatization of chlorinated hydroxyfuranones. The following hydroxyfuranones were investigated: 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, 3,4-dibromo-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, 3-chloro-4-(chloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, and 3-chloro-4-methyl-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone. Their derivatization products were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The sec-butyl derivatives of the hydroxyfuranones investigated yield ions that are less abundant than those obtained for the corresponding isopropyl derivatives. However, sec-butyl derivatives are easily detectable in especially dirty matrixes because they produce double peaks in the chromatogram. The ion intensity of the first peak in the pair is lower than that of the second peak, but both are characterized by the same spectrum. The formation of multiple peaks is related to the formation of diastereoisomers during derivatization.