bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a general subjective well-being factor using Classical Test Theory
Authors: Nima Ali Al , Cloninger Kevin M. , Lucchese Franco , Sikström Sverker , Garcia Danilo 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundSubjective Well-Being (SWB) is usually conceptualized in terms of an affective (i.e., judgements of biological emotional reactions and experiences) and a cognitive component (i.e., judgements of life satisfaction in relation to a psychological self-imposed ideal). Recently, researchers have suggested that judgements of harmony in life can replace or at least complement the cognitive component of SWB. Here, however, we go beyond that suggestion and propose that harmony in life should be seen as SWB’s social component since it is the sense of balance between the individual and the world around her—a process that comprises acceptance, adaptation, and balance. By adding judgements of one’s social interactions (i.e., harmony in life) to judgments of one’s life satisfaction (psycho) and judgements of one’s emotional reactions (bio), we propose a tentatively biopsychosocial model of SWB. As a first step, we used different factorial models in order to determine if both a general factor and specific sub-factors contribute to the biopsychosocial model of SWB.MethodA total of 527 participants responded to the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; 20 items), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; five items), and the Harmony in life Scale (HILS; five items). We conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to validate the biopsychosocial model of subjective well-being and a general factor (SWBS).ResultsThe 20 PANAS items reflected a mixture of general latent structure saturation and specific latent structure saturation, but contributed to their respective specific latent factor (PA: 48%; NA: 49%) more than to the general latent SWBS factor (positive affect: 25%; negative affect: 32%). The five SWLS items contributed to a larger degree to the general SWBS factor (72%) than to life satisfaction itself (22%), while the five HILS items contributed to even a larger degree to the general SWBS factor (98%) than to harmony in life (0%). The bifactor model was the best model compared with all other models we tested (χ2= 1,660.78, df = 375,p< 0.001); Satorra Bentler χ2= 1,265.80, df = 375,p< 0.001; CFI = 0.92; Tucker–Lewis Index = 0.91; RMSEA = 0.067. This model of a general SWBS factor explained about 64% of the total variance in the model, while specific SWBS components together explained 15% of the total variance.ConclusionOur study suggests SWB as a general factor in a multidimensional biopsychosocial model. Indeed, as much as 64% of the variance of SWB was explained by this general factor. The SWB components, however, contributed to a different degree to each corresponding factor in the model. For instance, while the affective and cognitive components seem to be their own constructs and also part of the general SWB factor, the social component tested here contributed 0% to its own variance but 98% to the general factor.
The CSF Levels of Neutrophil‐Related Chemokines in Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica
Authors: Liu Zhuhe , Chen Jinyu , Wang Zhanhang , Wang Yao , Zheng Dong , Wang Honghao , Peng Yu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPathologic findings showed that neutrophils played an important role in the pathogenesis of NMO. This study aims to investigate the CSF levels of neutrophil‐related chemokines in NMO. CXCL1, CXCL5, and CXCL7 were measured in 95 patients with NMO, 15 patients with MS, 18 patients with GFAP astrocytopathy, and 16 controls. The CSF level of CXCL1, CXCL5, and CXCL7 was significantly elevated in the NMO group but not correlated with the patient clinical severity. Besides, the CSF CXCL1, CXCL5, and CXCL7 could act as biomarkers to distinguish NMO from MS with good reliability, especially the CXCL7.
Improved ALS clinical trials through frequent at‐home self‐assessment: a proof of concept study
Authors: Rutkove Seward B. , Narayanaswami Pushpa , Berisha Visar , Liss Julie , Hahn Shira , Shelton Kerisa , Qi Kristin , Pandeya Sarbesh , Shefner Jeremy M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the potential for improving amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) clinical trials by having patients or caregivers perform frequent self‐assessments at home.Methods and ParticipantsWe enrolled ALS patients into a nonblinded, longitudinal 9‐month study in which patients and caregivers obtained daily data using several different instruments, including a slow‐vital capacity device, a hand grip dynamometer, an electrical impedance myography‐based fitness device, an activity tracker, a speech app, and the ALS functional rating scale‐revised. Questions as to acceptability were asked at two time points.ResultsA total of 113 individuals enrolled, with 61 (43 men, 18 women, mean age 60.1 ± 9.9 years) collecting a minimum of 7 days data and being included in the analysis. Daily measurements resulted in more accurate assessments of the slope of progression of the disease, resulting in smaller sample size estimates for a hypothetical clinical trial. For example, by performing daily slow‐vital capacity measurements, calculated sample size was reduced to 182 subjects/study arm from 882/arm for monthly measurements. Similarly, performing the ALS functional rating scale weekly rather than monthly led to a calculated sample size of 73/arm as compared to 274/arm. Participants generally found the procedures acceptable and, for many, improved their sense of control of their disease.InterpretationFrequent at‐home measurements using standard tools holds the prospect of tracking progression and reducing sample size requirements for clinical trials in ALS while also being acceptable to the patients. Future studies in this and other neurological disorders should consider adopting this approach to data collection.
A novel fault classification‐based fault‐tolerant control for two degree of freedom helicopter systems
Authors: Singh Rupam , Bhushan Bharat 
Published: June 2020

SummaryFault detection and diagnosis (FDD) plays an essential role in identifying and isolating various faults in a system. In general, fault detection is attained by monitoring the extent of matching between the actual operating condition and an analytical model prediction. This process aids in achieving enhanced performance, and for operating the system within the acceptable bounds. In this article, a neural network‐based classification method and fuzzy‐based control strategy are adapted to perform FDD on a two degree of freedom (2DoF) helicopter system. The operating voltage, pitch, and yaw outputs of the 2DoF helicopter system were considered for developing the algorithm. The signal processing properties of the discrete wavelet transform and pattern recognition properties of a multilayer perceptron neural network are adapted to design the classification algorithm. The developed algorithm improves training and testing efficiency. In order to reinstate the normal operation of the system, the classifier output is integrated with a hybrid fuzzy‐proportional integral derivative controller. This control technique enhances the 2DoF helicopter response as the time taken by the pitch and yaw angle to settle trajectory is reduced. The results depicted validate the efficiency of the projected approach.
Smectic Defect Engineering Enabled by Programmable Photoalignment
Authors: Wu Sai‐Bo , Ma Ling‐Ling , Chen Peng , Cao Hui‐Min , Ge Shi‐Jun , Yuan Rui , Hu Wei , Lu Yan‐Qing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTopological defects are vital for tailoring soft matter properties and inspiring remarkable applications. Arbitrary guiding and dynamic tuning of director distributions are highly pursued in defect engineering of liquid crystals. Till now, the orientation control of smectic defect walls remains a challenge. Here, photoalignment is adopted to preset the surface anchoring in order to guide smectic oily streaks. Flexible defect engineering such as deflecting, bending, and splaying is demonstrated. Based on their combination, more complicated defect arrays are realized in a predictable manner. After electric stimuli involved, new functions of tunability and rotatability are unlocked. This work brings new insights to soft matter architectures, and will upgrade the existing micromachines, nanoparticle manipulations and advanced photonic applications.
Amplified Spontaneous Emission and Random Lasing in MAPbBr3 Halide Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Murzin Aleksei O. , Stroganov Boris V. , Günnemann Carsten , Hammouda Samia Ben , Shurukhina Anna V. , Lozhkin Maxim S. , Emeline Alexei V. , Kapitonov Yury V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHalide perovskites are a promising optical gain medium with high tunability and simple solution synthesis. In this study, two gain regimes, namely, amplified spontaneous emission and random lasing, are demonstrated in the same MAPbBr3 halide perovskite single crystal. For this, photoluminescence is measured at a temperature of 4 K with pulsed femtosecond pumping by UV light with an 80 MHz repetition rate. Random lasing is observed in areas of the sample where a random resonator is formed due to cracks and crystal imperfections. In more homogeneous regions of the sample, the dominant regime is amplified spontaneous emission. These two regimes are reliably distinguished by the line width, the mode structure, the growth of the intensity after the threshold, and the degree of polarization of the radiation. The spectral localization of the stimulated emission well below the bound exciton resonance raises a question concerning the origin of the emission in halide perovskite lasers.
pH‐Responsive STING‐Activating DNA Nanovaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Yu , Shen Tingting , Zhou Shurong , Wang Weinan , Lin Shuibin , Zhu Guizhi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), such as c‐di‐GMP (CDG), are agonists for stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and are promising for cancer immunotherapy. Yet, the therapeutic efficacy of CDNs has been limited by poor delivery and biostability. Here, STING‐activating DNA nanovaccines (STING‐NVs) are developed, which biostabilize, deliver, and conditionally release CDG in the endosome of immune cells, elicit potent antitumor immune responses in murine and human immune cells, ameliorate immunosuppression in vitro and in the tumor microenvironment, and mediate potent cancer immunotherapy in a murine melanoma model. STING‐NVs have PLA‐b‐PEG in the core and cytosine (C)‐rich i‐motif DNA on the surface. i‐Motif DNA undergoes characteristic pH‐responsive conformational switch, allowing efficient CDG loading via C:G base pairing at physiological pH, and CDG release in sensitive response to acidic environment such as cell endosome. STING‐NVs protect CDG from enzymatic degradation. STING‐NVs facilitate cell delivery. Remarkably, STING‐NVs promote the endosome escape of CDG by ninefold, and potentiate antitumor immunity. STING‐NVs repolarize immunosuppressive M2‐like macrophages into antitumor M1‐like macrophages in vitro and in the tumor microenvironment of melanoma. In a poorly immunogenic murine melanoma model, intralesional STING‐NVs outperform liposomal CDG and fluoride‐CDG for melanoma immunotherapy. These results suggest the great potential of STING‐NVs for cancer immunotherapy.
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Autophagy Intervention Agents Suppress Hepatoma Growth by Enhancing Tumoricidal Autophagy
Authors: Xie Yuexia , Jiang Jiana , Tang Qianyun , Zou Hanbing , Zhao Xue , Liu Hongmei , Ma Ding , Cai Chenlei , Zhou Yan , Chen Xiaojing , Pu Jun , Liu Peifeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe combined treatment with nanoparticles and autophagy inhibitors, such as chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), is extensively explored for cancer therapy. However, the toxicity of autophagy inhibitors and their unselective for tumoricidal autophagy have seriously hindered the application of the combined treatment. In this study, a carboxy‐functional iron oxide nanoparticle (Fe2O3@DMSA) is designed and identified to significantly exert an antitumor effect without adding CQ or HCQ. Further investigation indicates that the effective inhibition effect of Fe2O3@DMSA alone on hepatoma growth is triggered by inhibiting the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes to enhance tumoricidal autophagy, which is induced by intracellular iron‐retention‐induced sustained reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, in two hepatoma‐bearing mouse models, Fe2O3@DMSA alone effectively suppresses the growth of tumors without obvious toxic side effects. These studies offer a promising strategy for cancer therapy.
Isocyanate induced allergic contact dermatitis in a university undergraduate student: An occupational dermatitis case report, review of laboratory safety regulations, and implications for campus research
Authors: Cook‐Shimanek Margaret , McGrath Alison , Pacheco Karin A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA 19‐year‐old female college undergraduate developed an intensely swollen, erythematous and pruritic rash on the face and hands while working in an optical fabrication lab producing photosensitive polymers. She had no respiratory symptoms. The rash was consistent with contact dermatitis and there was no clinical evidence of respiratory involvement with normal spirometry. A review of the safety data sheets of chemicals used in the laboratory revealed several known sensitizers, including 6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), dibutyl phthalate, and 2,4,6‐tribromophenyl acrylate. Patch testing confirmed the patient's sensitization to HDI. A subsequent worksite visit identified several hazardous chemicals that were used without appropriate hazard communication, training, standard operating procedures, or personal protective equipment. Simple exposure controls were recommended and instituted, and the patient was able to return to work in the laboratory without the recurrence of symptoms. This case demonstrates the importance of hazard identification, communication, and safety training in academic laboratories, for students and workers. A medical evaluation can identify hazards as well as lead to improvements in exposure controls and safe return to research.
Sex chromosome aneuploidy alters the relationship between neuroanatomy and cognition
Authors: Warling Allysa , Liu Siyuan , Wilson Kathleen , Whitman Ethan , Lalonde François M. , Clasen Liv S. , Blumenthal Jonathan D. , Raznahan Armin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) increases the risk for cognitive deficits, and confers changes in regional cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA). Neuroanatomical correlates of inter‐individual variation in cognitive ability have been described in health, but are not well‐characterized in SCA. Here, we modeled relationships between general cognitive ability (estimated using full‐scale IQ [FSIQ] from Wechsler scales) and regional estimates of SA and CT (from structural MRI scans) in both aneuploid (28 XXX, 55 XXY, 22 XYY, 19 XXYY) and typically‐developing euploid (79 XX, 85 XY) individuals. Results indicated widespread decoupling of normative anatomical–cognitive relationships in SCA: we found five regions where SCA significantly altered SA–FSIQ relationships, and five regions where SCA significantly altered CT–FSIQ relationships. The majority of areas were characterized by the presence of positive anatomy‐IQ relationships in health, but no or slightly negative anatomy‐IQ relationships in SCA. Disrupted anatomical–cognitive relationships generalized from the full cohort to karyotypically defined subcohorts (i.e., XX‐XXX; XY‐XYY; XY‐XXY), demonstrating continuity across multiple supernumerary SCA conditions. As the first direct evidence of altered regional neuroanatomical–cognitive relationships in supernumerary SCA, our findings shed light on potential genetic and structural correlates of the cognitive phenotype in SCA, and may have implications for other neurogenetic disorders.
Formation and Structure of Fluorescent Silver Nanoclusters at Interfacial Binding Sites Facilitating Oligomerization of DNA Hairpins
Authors: Geczy Reka , Christensen Niels Johan , Rasmussen Kim K. , Kálomista Ildikó , Tiwari Manish K. , Shah Pratik , Yang Seong Wook , Bjerrum Morten J. , Thulstrup Peter W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFluorescent, DNA‐stabilized silver nanoclusters (DNA‐AgNCs) are applied in a range of applications within nanoscience and nanotechnology. However, their diverse optical properties, mechanism of formation, and aspects of their composition remain unexplored, making the rational design of nanocluster probes challenging. Herein, a synthetic procedure is described for obtaining a high yield of emissive DNA‐AgNCs with a C‐loop hairpin DNA sequence, with subsequent purification by size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC). Through a combination of optical spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) in conjunction with the systematic study of various DNA sequences, the low‐resolution structure and mechanism of the formation of AgNCs were investigated. Data indicate that fluorescent DNA‐AgNCs self‐assemble by a head‐to‐head binding of two DNA hairpins, bridged by a silver nanocluster, resulting in the modelling of a dimeric structure harboring an Ag12 cluster.
Intra‐abdominal nasogastric tube placement following inadvertent nasopharyngeal perforation
Authors: Walmsley C. J. , Comben E. J. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryWe report the case of a patient who had a nasogastric tube inserted following cardiac surgery that was determined to be appropriately sited on chest X‐ray. Following initiation of nasogastric feeding, however, the patient became acutely unwell. Subsequent computed tomography imaging demonstrated that the nasogastric tube had perforated through the posterior nasopharynx and passed through the mediastinum into the abdominal cavity. A laparotomy and washout was required, and following a prolonged intensive care stay with multiple further interventions, the patient ultimately survived to discharge. Pharyngeal wall perforation is a rare but serious complication of attempted nasogastric tube insertion. Risk factors include the need for repeated attempts and patients with an altered mental state. The appropriate steps in confirming the position of nasogastric tubes both clinically and radiologically are reviewed in the context of this rare and serious complication.
Accrual of Atherosclerotic Vascular Events in a Multicenter Inception Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Cohort
Authors: Urowitz Murray B. , Gladman Dafna D. , Farewell Vernon , Su Jiandong , Romero-Diaz Juanita , Bae Sang-Cheol , Fortin Paul R. , Sanchez‐Guerrero Jorge , Clarke Ann Elaine , Bernatsky Sasha , Gordon Caroline , Hanly John G. , Wallace Daniel J. , Isenberg David A. , Rahman Anisur , Merrill Joan T. , Ginzler Ellen , Alarcón Graciela S. , Chatham W. Winn , Petri Michelle A. , Bruce Ian N. , Khamashta Munther A. , Aranow Cynthia , Dooley Mary Anne , Manzi Susan , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Nived Ola , Jönsen Andreas , Steinsson Kristján , Zoma Asad A. , Ruiz-Irastorza Guillermo , Lim S. Sam , Kalunian Kenneth C. , Ỉnanç Murat , van Vollenhoven Ronald , Ramos‐Casals Manuel , Kamen Diane L. , Jacobsen Soren , Peschken Christine A. , Askanase Anca , Stoll Thomas 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveIn previous studies, atherosclerotic vascular events (AVEs) were shown to occur in ~10% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We undertook this study to investigate the annual occurrence and potential risk factors for AVEs in a multinational, multiethnic inception cohort of patients with SLE.MethodsA large 33‐center cohort of SLE patients was followed up yearly between 1999 and 2017. AVEs were attributed to atherosclerosis based on SLE being inactive at the time of the AVE as well as typical atherosclerotic changes observed on imaging or pathology reports and/or evidence of atherosclerosis elsewhere. Analyses included descriptive statistics, rate of AVEs per 1,000 patient‐years, and univariable and multivariable relative risk regression models.ResultsOf the 1,848 patients enrolled in the cohort, 1,710 had ≥1 follow‐up visit after enrollment, for a total of 13,666 patient‐years. Of these 1,710 patients, 3.6% had ≥1 AVEs attributed to atherosclerosis, for an event rate of 4.6 per 1,000 patient‐years. In multivariable analyses, lower AVE rates were associated with antimalarial treatment (hazard ratio [HR] 0.54 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.32–0.91]), while higher AVE rates were associated with any prior vascular event (HR 4.00 [95% CI 1.55–10.30]) and a body mass index of >40 kg/m2 (HR 2.74 [95% CI 1.04–7.18]). A prior AVE increased the risk of subsequent AVEs (HR 5.42 [95% CI 3.17–9.27], P < 0.001).ConclusionThe prevalence of AVEs and the rate of AVE accrual demonstrated in the present study is much lower than that seen in previously published data. This may be related to better control of both the disease activity and classic risk factors.
Examining the Short‐, Medium‐, and Long‐Term Success of an Embodied Learning Activity in the Study of Hand Anatomy for Clinical Application
Authors: Smyth Lillian , Carter James , Valter Krisztina , Webb Alexandra L. 
Published: June 2020

A student's own body provides an often disregarded site of knowledge production and corporeal wisdom. Learning via cognitive processes anchored in physical movement and body awareness, known as embodied learning, may aid students to visualize structures and understand their functions and clinical relevance. Working from an embodied learning perspective, the current article evaluates the use of an offline physical learning tool (Anatomical Glove Learning System; AGLS) for teaching hand anatomy for clinical application in medical students. Two student samples (N1 = 105; N2 = 94) used the AGLS in two different ways. In the first sample, the AGLS was compared to a traditional approach using hand bones, models and prosected specimens. Secondly, the AGLS and traditional approach were combined. The evaluation consisted of three outcomes: short‐term learning (post‐test), medium‐term applications (mock‐objective structured clinical examination, MOSCE), and longer‐term assessment (objective structured clinical examination, OSCE). Findings from the first sample indicated no significant differences between the AGLS and traditional laboratory groups on short‐ (F(1,78) = 0.036, P = 0.849), medium‐ (F(1,50) = 0.743, P = 0.393), or longer‐term (F(1,82) = 0.997, P = 0.321) outcomes. In the second sample using the AGLS in combination with a traditional approach was associated with significantly better short‐term post‐test scores (F(2,174) = 5.98, P = 0.003) than using the AGLS alone, but demonstrated no effect for long‐term OSCE scores. These results suggest an embodied learning experience alone does not appear to be advantageous to student learning, but when combined with other methods for studying anatomy there are learning gains.