bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time monitoring of traffic parameters
Authors: Khazukov Kirill , Shepelev Vladimir , Karpeta Tatiana , Shabiev Salavat , Slobodin Ivan , Charbadze Irakli , Alferova Irina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study deals with the problem of rea-time obtaining quality data on the road traffic parameters based on the static street video surveillance camera data. The existing road traffic monitoring solutions are based on the use of traffic cameras located directly above the carriageways, which allows one to obtain fragmentary data on the speed and movement pattern of vehicles. The purpose of the study is to develop a system of high-quality and complete collection of real-time data, such as traffic flow intensity, driving directions, and average vehicle speed. At the same time, the data is collected within the entire functional area of intersections and adjacent road sections, which fall within the street video surveillance camera angle. Our solution is based on the use of the YOLOv3 neural network architecture and SORT open-source tracker. To train the neural network, we marked 6,000 images and performed augmentation, which allowed us to form a dataset of 4.3 million vehicles. The basic performance of YOLO was improved using an additional mask branch and optimizing the shape of anchors. To determine the vehicle speed, we used a method of perspective transformation of coordinates from the original image to geographical coordinates. Testing of the system at night and in the daytime at six intersections showed the absolute percentage accuracy of vehicle counting, of no less than 92%. The error in determining the vehicle speed by the projection method, taking into account the camera calibration, did not exceed 1.5 km/h.
Management and Outcomes of patients on maintenance dialysis during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from Geneva, Switzerland
Authors: Zamberg Ido , Mavrakanas Thomas , Ernandez Thomas , Bourquin Vincent , Zellweger Michael , Marangon Nicola , Raimbault Francoise , Winzeler Rebecca , Iten Anne , Martin Pierre-Yves , Saudan Patrick 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Patients on maintenance hemodialysis are at high risk for serious complications from COVID-19 infection including death. We present an overview of the local experience with dialysis units management and reorganization, local epidemiology and outcomes during the COVID-19 outbreak in Geneva, Switzerland.Methods All SARS-CoV-2 positive outpatients on maintenance dialysis were transferred from their usual dialysis facility to the Geneva University Hospitals dialysis unit to avoid creation of new clusters of transmission. Within this unit, appropriate mitigation measures were enforced as suggested by the institutional team for prevention and control of infectious diseases.Results From February 25 to May 18, 2020, 19 of 246 patients on maintenance dialysis were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, representing an incidence rate of 97.6 cases per 100,000 person-days. Eighteen patients were on maintenance hemodialysis and one on peritoneal dialysis. Twelve of these infections were detected during the first two weeks after mitigation strategies were enforced. Most common symptoms were fever (89%), cough (84%) and fatigue (68%). Two patients required orotracheal intubation. Six patients on maintenance hemodialysis who had previously tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, all of them male, died (32%). Five deaths were COVID-19 related and one death was due to dialysis withdrawal at the patient’s request. Conclusion Strict mitigation measures seemed to be effective to control infection spread among patients on maintenance dialysis. COVID-19 infection is associated with a high fatality rate. Large scale epidemiological studies are needed to assess the efficacy of preventive measures in decreasing infection and mortality rate within the dialysis population.
A simple, sustained and sufficient calcium regulation scheme during perioperative period for the secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Zhang WeiBin , Dong Jia , Wu YunFei , Zheng Bin , Dai Jin , Ma Yan , Zhang Xinsheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Patients of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) with chronic renal failure treated by long-term dialysis have received surgical treatment. The severe complications, especially convulsions caused by severe hypocalcemia, would endanger lives during perioperative treatment. Therefore, this study aims to explore a simple, sustained and sufficient calcium regulation scheme during perioperative period, which could stabilize blood calcium concentration and correct calcium deficiency, greatly reduce the occurrence of the complications.Methods: We reviewed the clinical data of 136 patients with chronic renal failure in uremic stage from Jinzhou Central Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, who received dialysis treatment for a long time and finally diagnosed as secondary hyperparathyroidism, from Jan 2017 to Dec 2019, were accepted different operations to treat hyperparathyroidism, were given corresponding calcium regulation therapy to avoid serious complications were, and were divided into the observation group and the control group according to the postoperative calcium regulation time of ≤7 days and > 7 days, which is defined by the mean time of postoperative calcium regulation, and by the time from the day of operation until the day when the patients have stable blood calcium levels and no obvious discomfort symptoms.Results: Compared with the control group, the observation group were elder (54.01±9.215, P<0.01), shorter preoperative dialysis time (5.05±2.855, P<0.01), significant difference in operation mode (P=0.026), positive preoperative oral calcium(c2=9.941, P=0.002), higher preoperative calcium value (t=4.795, P<0.001), lower preoperative Parathyroid Hormone(PTH) value (t=6.327, P<0.001), lower preoperative Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) value (t=3.527, P=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that age, preoperative calcium value, preoperative PTH value and preoperative ALP value were independent risk factors for postoperative calcium regulation therapy. Those factors, Gender, preoperative dialysis mode, complications, preoperative Hemoglobin(HB) value, were not related to postoperative calcium regulation. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: The simple, sustained and sufficient calcium regulation scheme can maintain a stable level of blood calcium in the dialytic CKD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, so as to avoid the occurrence of severe hypocalcemia and increase the curate.
Post-treatment heterogeneity of cardio-metabolic risk in acromegalic patients: The Impacts of GH and IGF-1
Authors: Heydari Mahshid , Madani Nahid Hashemi , Emami Zahra , Khajavi Alireza , Ghorbani Mohammad , Malek Mojtaba , Kachuee Manizhe Ataei , Khamseh Mohammad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Metabolic abnormalities are frequently seen in patients with acromegaly. However, it is not clear to what extent GH /IGF-1 contribute to the development of these abnormalities. This study aimed to explore the impact of GH/IGF-1 on different aspects of metabolic abnormalities in patients with acromegaly. Methods: This retrospective, registry-based study conducted on 102 patients with acromegaly. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), and dyslipidemia (DLP) at the time of diagnosis has been explored. Moreover, the impact of GH/IGF-1 on these cardio-metabolic risk factors at 3-12 months after surgery has been investigated using linear and logistic regression models.Results: At the time of diagnosis, the prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors was 79.17 % for DLP, 29.41% for DM, and 15% for HTN. Furthermore, each 1 ng/ml increase in the level of GH was significantly associated with 2 mg/dl increase in the level of FBS, 0.54 mmHg increase in the level of SBP, and 0.88 mmHg increase in the level of DBP. Upon multivariate analysis GH, but not IGF-1, significantly increased the odds of DM (OR; 1.17, 95% CI; 1.02-1.35, p= 0.025). Conclusions: Our findings showed at early postoperative stage, GH is significantly associated with the levels of FBS, SBP, and DBP. Moreover, GH, but not IGF-1, appears as a predictive factor for the presence of DM. However, neither GH nor IGF-1 could predict the presence of HTN, or DLP in this study.
Genetic Variation Analysis and Treatment Strategy of 20 Patients with Dystrophin Gene Mutations
Authors: Liu Yedan , Chen Jun , Hou Mei , Zhang Yanhui , Guo Ya , Liu Peipei , Li Fei , Yang Chengqing , Song Jie , Wei Wei , Chen Zongbo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDystrophin (DMD) gene mutations can affect muscular dystrophin isoform expression and result in progressive muscular dystrophy including Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD and BMD). To establish the correlation between phenotype and genotype and exemplify the current and future treatment for muscular dystrophy disorders, we investigated 20 patients suffering from a dystrophinopathy and summarized clinical manifestation and gene mutations of them. MethodsThe clinical manifestations, physical examination, laboratory work, and gene mutation results were collected in 20 patients with DMD or BMD diagnosed by clinical phenotype and genetic sequencing from July 2015 to December 2019. Multiplex ligation probe amplification (MLPA) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to detect mutations in the DMD gene, and detected mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. ResultsThe clinical manifestation of patients was characterized by progressive symmetrical muscle degeneration, limb weakness, and pseudohypertrophy along with the elevated concentration of creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. We found 11 dystrophin gene deletions (55%) and 4 duplication mutations (20%) among the affected patients. However, we also found point mutations including 1 nonsense (20%), 3 frameshifts (60%), and 1 splice sites (20%) mutations in the rest 5 patients. Among the 15 cases of exon deletion or duplication mutations, 7 were inherited from the mother, 3 were de-novo, while the other 5 were not tested. Besides, all 5 point-mutation cases were inherited from the mother, among which 4 point mutations were identified for the first time and linked to the disease phenotype. ConclusionsWe provided clinical portraits, genetic results, and the molecular effects of mutations in patients. Four novel point mutations were identified for the first time and associated with the development of DMD and BMD. Further, we expanded knowledge of the DMD variant spectrum and exemplified the emerging therapies in muscular dystrophy.
A-DROP and Blood Urea Nitrogen-to-Serum Albumin Ratio are Useful in Assessing the Severity of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Patients Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Akahane Jumpei , Ushiki Atsuhito , Kosaka Makoto , Ikuyama Yuichi , Matsuo Akemi , Hachiya Tsutomu , Yoshiike Fumiaki , Koyama Shigeru , Hanaoka Masayuki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: There is an increasing incidence of Pneumocystis pneumonia among individuals without the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (non-HIV Pneumocystis pneumonia). However, the prognostic factors for patients with non-HIV Pneumocystis pneumonia have not been identified. Moreover, A-DROP (for classifying the severity of community-acquired pneumonia) or the blood urea nitrogen-to-serum albumin ratio, which is reported to be predictor of mortality of community-acquired pneumonia, has not been established as an efficient prognostic factor in patients with non-HIV Pneumocystis pneumonia. In this study, we analyzed the prognostic factors for non-HIV Pneumocystis pneumonia and evaluated the effectiveness of A-DROP and the blood urea nitrogen-to-serum albumin ratio as prognostic factors.Methods: This retrospective study involved a chart review of the medical records of 102 patients diagnosed with non-HIV Pneumocystis pneumonia between January 2003 and May 2019 at five medical facilities. Prognostic factors associated with the 30-day mortality were assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis.Results: Among the 102 patients with non-HIV Pneumocystis pneumonia, 46 (45.1%) had autoimmune diseases, 19 (18.6%) had hematological malignancies, 18 (17.7%) had solid malignancies, and 19 (18.6%) had other diseases. The 30-day mortality rate for non-HIV Pneumocystis pneumonia was 20.5% in this study population. Compared with survivors, non-survivors had significantly lower serum albumin levels and a significantly higher age, corticosteroid dosage at the onset of Pneumocystis pneumonia, alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient, A-DROP score, lactate dehydrogenase levels, blood urea nitrogen levels, and blood urea nitrogen-to-serum albumin ratio. The results of multivariate analysis showed that a high A-DROP score and blood urea nitrogen-to-serum albumin ratio at treatment initiation were significantly associated with the 30-day mortality risk.Conclusions: A high A-DROP score and blood urea nitrogen-to-serum albumin ratio at treatment initiation are independent prognostic predictors of mortality risk in patients with non-HIV Pneumocystis pneumonia.
Colostrum Avoidance Practices and Its Associated Factors Among Mothers of Children Aged Less Than 12 Months in Jinka Town, South Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Hadona Elias Amaje , Weldehawariat Feleke Gebremeskel , Sorrie Muluken Bekele 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Colostrum avoidance is the common nutritional malpractices in developing countries including Ethiopia. Discarding colostrum is the main causes of respiratory disease and diarrheal disease during childhood and contributes to over a million avoidable infant deaths each year and remains a public health problem in developing countries. Despite the fact that it has a negative effect on child health, little is known about the extent of the problem and its contributing factors in South Ethiopia particularly in study area. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of colostrum avoidance practices and associated factors among Mothers of children aged less than 12 months in Jinka Town, South Ethiopia. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted at Jinka Town from March 1 to 30, 2019. A total of 420 mothers having children less than 12 months of age were selected by systematic sampling technique. The data were collected by using pretested interviewer administered and semi-structured questionnaires. The data was entered using EPIDATA 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Descriptive statistics, Binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis were done. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI at a p-value < 0.05 was estimated to identify statistically significant variables with colostrum avoidance practices. Results: The prevalence of colostrum avoidance practice was 9.8% [95% CI: (6.9–12.5)]. Delayed initiation of breast feeding [AOR= 9.08(95% CI 4.16-19.83)], Lack of breast feeding counselling [AOR= 2.33(95% CI 1.11-4.87)], Home delivery of index child [AOR= 2.48 (95% CI 1.16-5.27)] and Poor knowledge on breast feeding [AOR=4.55(95% CI 1.95-10.63)] were factors associated with colostrum avoidance practices. Conclusions: Colostrum avoidance practice among mothers of children aged less than 12 months in Jinka town was high. Delayed initiation of Breas feeding, lack of breast feeding counselling, Home delivery and knowledge on breastfeeding feeding practice were factors associated with colostrum avoidance practice. Promoting institutional delivery services and strengthening of breast feeding counselling during antenatal and postnatal care were recommended for the promotion of the nutritional value of colostrum and its health benefits.
England's Lockdown vs. Sweden's Herd Immunity: A Comparison of the Daily New COVID-19 Cases and Related Deaths Using Comparative Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Ali Moaath K. Mustafa , Samhouri Yazan , Sabha Marwa , Alnimer Lynna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: There is a lack of empirical evidence that lockdowns decrease daily cases of COVID-19 and related mortality compared to herd immunity. England implemented a delayed lockdown on March 23, 2020, but Sweden did not. We aim to examine the effect of lockdown on daily COVID-19 cases and related deaths during the first 100 days post-lockdown.Methods: We compared daily cases of COVID-19 infection and related mortality in England and Sweden before and after lockdown intervention using a comparative-interrupted time series analysis. The period included was from COVID-19 pandemic onset till June 30, 2020.Results: The adjusted-rate of daily COVID-19 infections was eight cases/10,000,000 person higher in England than Sweden before lockdown order (95% CI: 2-14, P=0.01). On the day of intervention (lagged lockdown), England had 693 more COVID-19 cases/10,000,000 person compared to Sweden (95% CI: 467-920, P<0.001). Compared to the pre-intervention period, the adjusted daily confirmed cases rate decreased by 19 cases/ 10,000,000 person compared to Sweden (95% CI: 13-26, P<0.001). There was a rate excess of 1.5 daily deaths/ 10,000,000 person in England compared to Sweden pre-intervention (95% CI: 1-2, P<0.001). The increased mortality rate resulted in 50 excess deaths/ 10,000,000 person related to COVID-19 in England compared to Sweden on the day of lockdown (95% CI: 30-71, P<0.001). Post-intervention, the rate of daily deaths in England decreased by two deaths/ 10,000,000 person compared to Sweden (95% CI: 1-3, P<0.001). During phases one and two of lockdown lifting in England, there was no rebound increase in daily cases or deaths compared to Sweden. Conclusion: The lockdown order implemented in England on March 23, 2020, effectively decreased the daily new cases rate and related mortality compared to Sweden. There was no short-term increase in COVID-19 cases and related-deaths after the phases one and two of the lifting of restrictions in England compared to Sweden. This study provides empirical, comparative evidence that lockdowns slow the spread of COVID-19 in communities compared to herd immunity.
Nomogram Containing Simple Routine Clinical and Biochemical Parameters Can Predict Pathological Ventricular Remodeling in STEMI Patients
Authors: Vinter Ozren , Kordic Kresimir , Klobucar Iva , Gabric Ivo Darko , Boban Marko , Trbusic Matias 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Heart failure is the leading cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality, with ischemic heart disease being one of the most important etiologic factors. Heart failure develops due to ventricular remodeling, which leads to increases in left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes.METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study to find which parameters could predict the risk of pathological left ventricular remodeling in the early stage of myocardial infarction. RESULTS: We created a nomogram based on routinely used blood tests and vital parameters which had the highest correlation with pathological ventricular remodeling. The nomogram included NTproBNP value 12 hours after reperfusion, AST value 12 hours after reperfusion, systolic blood pressure value on admission and culprit coronary artery. We performed ROC analysis which found great predictive value of the nomogram. Area under curve (AUC) was 0,907 (95% CI 0,842 - 0,973). Nomogram value of -3.54 had sensitivity of 91.4% and specificity of 74.0%.CONCLUSION: We believe that this nomogram, once validated, could offer a widely available, low-cost option that would help identify patients at risk of developing pathological left ventricular remodeling and achieve this at a very early stage of myocardial infarction (12 hours after reperfusion is achieved).
Ethno Botanical Studies of District Dera Ghazi Khan, Province Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Mughal Tahira Aziz , Yasin Hamna , Yousaf Zubaida , Naeem Ismat Naeem 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

The chief aim of this study was to enlist the Ethnobotanical uses of plants in Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Due to unique geographical and climatic conditions, Pakistan has a great floral diversity. Plants have been used by the indigenous people for treatment of different ailments since long. They are still dependent on the plants for their domestic purposes. Moreover, plants are used as first aid to treat diverse ailments such as hepatic disorders, cardiac diseases, neurological diseases, anticancer, respiratory diseases, ENT problems, gynecological problems etc. The traditional uses of medicinal plants lead to the discovery of natural drugs. This is first quantitative ethno medicinal documentation of medicinal plants in Dera Ghazi Khan. Punjab, Pakistan.
Methods

This ethno botanical information was collected from about 200 informants including male and female. Sample size was determined by statistical formula. The informative data was based on semi-structured interviews, group discussions, Questionnaire and field visits. Then the data was analyzed by applying different quantitative indices such as Informant Consent Factor (ICF), Use value (UV), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) and the Fidelity level (FL).
Results

Almost 185 plants belonging to 52 families were reported. Most-frequently cited families were Astreaceae (20 species) and Solanaceae (10 species). The most dominant life form was herbs (51%). The most-used plant parts were leaves (68%), followed by whole plant (65%), Most common mode of administration is extraction (50%). Generally herbal medicines were acquired from fresh plant material. Many species were reported with their different medicinal uses as has been reported in literature.
Conclusions

This ethno botanical documentation revealed that the plants are still used by natives of rural areas in their day-to-day lives. This study provides basis for the conservation of local flora. Plants with high ICF, UV and FL can be further used for phytochemical and pharmacological studies. This documentation could provide baseline information which can be used to develop new plant-based commercial drugs.