bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use Caution When Assessing Preoperative Leg-Length Discrepancy in Pediatric Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Heath Madison R. , Aitchison Alexandra H. , Schlichte Lindsay M. , Goodbody Christine , Cordasco Frank A. , Fabricant Peter D. , Green Daniel W. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Pre- and postoperative standing hip-to-ankle radiographs are critical for monitoring potential postoperative growth arrest and resultant deformities after pediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of apparent preoperative leg-length discrepancies (LLDs) that resolve at the first postoperative radiographic examination in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction in order to understand what proportion of the noted preoperative deformities may have been inaccurate. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively collected preoperative and first postoperative full-length hip-to-ankle radiographs was performed in a cohort of skeletally immature patients who had an acute ACL injury and underwent subsequent surgical reconstruction. Leg length measurements for both the injured and the uninjured legs were obtained for comparison. Results: A total of 112 patients (mean age, 12.7 ± 1.7 years) were included (79 boys and 33 girls). Leg-length measurement interrater reliability among 3 raters for 25 randomly chosen images was nearly perfect (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.996; 95% CI, 0.994-0.998). At baseline, there was no apparent preoperative LLD (<5 mm) in 48% (n = 54) of participants, while 37% (n = 41) displayed a small apparent LLD (5 to <10 mm), 12% (n = 13) displayed a moderate apparent LLD (10 to <15 mm), and 4% (n = 4) displayed a large apparent LLD (≥15 mm). Of the patients with an apparent preoperative LLD, 66% (n = 38) of them tore their ACL on the leg measuring shorter. At first postoperative radiographs, 48% (n = 28) of patients with an apparent preoperative LLD showed resolution to no LLD: 46% (n = 19) of patients with a small apparent preoperative LLD, 54% (n = 7) of patients with a moderate apparent LLD, and 50% (n = 2) of patients with a large apparent LLD. Conclusion: A high percentage of patients (48%) with apparent preoperative LLDs showed resolution to no LLDs by their first postoperative imaging, indicating that preoperative hip-to-ankle radiographs display some false LLDs in patients with recent ACL tears who are unable to fully extend their injured leg and bear weight.
Positive Encounters as a Buffer: Pain and Sleep Disturbances in Older Adults’ Everyday Lives
Authors: Huo Meng , Ng Yee To , Fuentecilla Jamie L. , Leger Kate , Charles Susan T. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: To test whether older adults’ pain was bidirectionally associated with nighttime sleep disturbances and whether daily positive encounters attenuated these associations. Methods: Participants ( N = 292, mean = 73.71 years old) from the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study indicated pain and positive encounters with close partners (e.g., family and friends) and nonclose partners (e.g., acquaintances and service providers) every 3 hours throughout each day across 4–6 days. They also reported nighttime sleep disturbances the following morning. Results: Multilevel models revealed that participants with more prior nighttime sleep disturbances reported more severe pain the next day. This link was attenuated on days when participants had a greater proportion of positive encounters or viewed encounters as more pleasant, especially when these encounters occurred with close partners. Discussion: This study identifies benefits of positive encounters to older adults and sheds light on ways that may alleviate their pain from a social perspective.
The impact of perioperative music on abdominal surgery patients’ experience of postoperative pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dale Virginia H. 
Published: September 2020

Objective Music interventions have been analysed for their use in many surgical specialties, but they have not yet been reviewed in relation to abdominal surgery. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the effect that listening to music perioperatively has on the postoperative pain of abdominal surgery patients. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library and Scopus was undertaken to identify randomised controlled trials comparing a music intervention with standard care, where self-reported postoperative pain was included as an outcome. Study quality was then assessed by the author in conjunction with Robot Reviewer software based on the Cochrane bias methodology, and a meta-analysis was performed using standard mean difference and a random-effects model. Results Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria for review, and eight studies (2217 subjects) had appropriate data reporting to be included in the meta-analysis. Half of the reviewed studies concluded a significant positive impact on postoperative pain and the meta-analysis reinforced this hypothesis (p < 0.001). There was minimal difference in impact between intra and postoperative interventions, or between patient or researcher selected music. Conclusions This review supports the use of music in the perioperative period for abdominal surgery patients as a low cost adjunct to pharmaceutical pain relief.
PI3Kδ inhibition reshapes follicular lymphoma–immune microenvironment cross talk and unleashes the activity of venetoclax
Authors: Serrat Neus , Guerrero-Hernández Martina , Matas-Céspedes Alba , Yahiaoui Anella , Valero Juan G. , Nadeu Ferran , Clot Guillem , Di Re Miriam , Corbera-Bellalta Marc , Magnano Laura , Rivas-Delgado Alfredo , Enjuanes Anna , Beà Silvia , Cid Maria C. , Campo Elías , Montero Joan , Hodson Daniel J. , López-Guillermo Armando , Colomer Dolors , Tannheimer Stacey , Pérez-Galán Patricia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite idelalisib approval in relapsed follicular lymphoma (FL), a complete characterization of the immunomodulatory consequences of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) inhibition, biomarkers of response, and potential combinatorial therapies in FL remain to be established. Using ex vivo cocultures of FL patient biopsies and follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) to mimic the germinal center (n = 42), we uncovered that PI3Kδ inhibition interferes with FDC-induced genes related to angiogenesis, extracellular matrix formation, and transendothelial migration in a subset of FL samples, defining an 18-gene signature fingerprint of idelalisib sensitivity. A common hallmark of idelalisib found in all FL cases was its interference with the CD40/CD40L pathway and induced proliferation, together with the downregulation of proteins crucial for B–T-cell synapses, leading to an inefficient cross talk between FL cells and the supportive T-follicular helper cells (TFH). Moreover, idelalisib downmodulates the chemokine CCL22, hampering the recruitment of TFH and immunosupressive T-regulatory cells to the FL niche, leading to a less supportive and tolerogenic immune microenvironment. Finally, using BH3 profiling, we uncovered that FL–FDC and FL–macrophage cocultures augment tumor addiction to BCL-XL and MCL-1 or BFL-1, respectively, limiting the cytotoxic activity of the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax. Idelalisib restored FL dependence on BCL-2 and venetoclax activity. In summary, idelalisib exhibits a patient-dependent activity toward angiogenesis and lymphoma dissemination. In all FL cases, idelalisib exerts a general reshaping of the FL immune microenvironment and restores dependence on BCL-2, predisposing FL to cell death, providing a mechanistic rationale for investigating the combination of PI3Kδ inhibitors and venetoclax in clinical trials.
Enhancing antitumor immunity through checkpoint blockade as a therapeutic strategy in T-cell lymphomas
Authors: Neuwelt Alexander , Al-Juhaishi Taha , Davila Eduardo , Haverkos Bradley 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe majority of historical therapies for managing T-cell lymphomas (TCLs) have consisted of T-cell–depleting strategies. Unfortunately, these forms of therapies can hamper the ability to mount effective antitumor immune responses. Recently, the use of checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the therapy of solid and hematologic malignancies. The development of immunotherapies for the management of TCL has lagged behind other malignancies given 2 central reasons: (1) the competing balance of depleting malignant T cells while simultaneously enhancing an antitumor T-cell response and (2) concern for tumor hyperprogression by blocking inhibitory signals on the surface of the malignant T cell, thereby leading to further proliferation of the malignant cells. These challenges were highlighted with the discovery that programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) functions paradoxically as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in preclinical TCL models. In contrast, some preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that PD-1/programmed death ligand 1 may become an important therapeutic tool in the management of patients with TCL. Improved understanding of the immune landscape of TCL is necessary in order to identify subsets of patients most likely to benefit from checkpoint-inhibitor therapy. With increased preclinical research focus on the tumor microenvironment, substantial strides are being made in understanding how to harness the power of the immune system to treat TCLs. In this review, designed to be a “call to action,” we discuss the challenges and opportunities of using immune-modulating therapies, with a focus on checkpoint inhibitors, for the treatment of patients with TCL.
Measuring the availability and geographical accessibility of maternal health services across sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Wigley A. S. , Tejedor-Garavito N. , Alegana V. , Carioli A. , Ruktanonchai C. W. , Pezzulo C. , Matthews Z. , Tatem A. J. , Nilsen K. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
With universal health coverage a key component of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, targeted monitoring is crucial for reducing inequalities in the provision of services. However, monitoring largely occurs at the national level, masking sub-national variation. Here, we estimate indicators for measuring the availability and geographical accessibility of services, at national and sub-national levels across sub-Saharan Africa, to show how data at varying spatial scales and input data can considerably impact monitoring outcomes.

Methods
Availability was estimated using the World Health Organization guidelines for monitoring emergency obstetric care, defined as the number of hospitals per 500,000 population. Geographical accessibility was estimated using the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery, defined as the proportion of pregnancies within 2 h of the nearest hospital. These were calculated using geo-located hospital data for sub-Saharan Africa, with their associated travel times, along with small area estimates of population and pregnancies. The results of the availability analysis were then compared to the results of the accessibility analysis, to highlight differences between the availability and geographical accessibility of services.

Results
Despite most countries meeting the targets at the national level, we identified substantial sub-national variation, with 58% of the countries having at least one administrative unit not meeting the availability target at province level and 95% at district level. Similarly, 56% of the countries were found to have at least one province not meeting the accessibility target, increasing to 74% at the district level. When comparing both availability and accessibility within countries, most countries were found to meet both targets; however sub-nationally, many countries fail to meet one or the other.

Conclusion
While many of the countries met the targets at the national level, we found large within-country variation. Monitoring under the current guidelines, using national averages, can mask these areas of need, with potential consequences for vulnerable women and children. It is imperative therefore that indicators for monitoring the availability and geographical accessibility of health care reflect this need, if targets for universal health coverage are to be met by 2030.
Evaluation of the changes of orbital cavity volume and shape after tooth-borne and bone-borne rapid maxillary expansion (RME)
Authors: Lo Giudice Antonino , Rustico Lorenzo , Ronsivalle Vincenzo , Nicotra Carmelo , Lagravère Manuel , Grippaudo Cristina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
To assess and compare volumetric and shape changes of the orbital cavity in patients treated with tooth-borne (TB) and bone-borne (BB) rapid maxillary expansion (RME).

Study design
Forty adolescents with bilateral maxillary cross-bite received tooth-borne (TB group = 20; mean age 14.27 ± 1.36 years) or bone-borne (BB group = 20; mean age of 14.62 ± 1.45 years) maxillary expander. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were taken before treatment (T1) and 6-month after the expander activation (T2). Volumetric and shape changes of orbital cavities were detected by referring to a specific 3D digital technology involving deviation analysis of T1/T2 CBCT-derived models of pulp chamber. Student’s t tests were used to 1) compare T1 and T2 volumes of orbital cavities in TB and BB groups, 2) compare volumetric changes and the percentage of matching of 3D orbital models (T1-T2) between the two groups.

Results
Both TB and BB groups showed a slight increase of the orbital volume (0.64 cm3 and 0.77 cm3) (p < 0.0001). This increment were significant between the two groups (p < 0.05) while no differences were found in the percentage of matching of T1/T2 orbital 3D models (p > 0.05). The areas of greater changes were detected in the proximity of the frontozygomatic and frontomaxillary sutures.

Conclusion
TB-RME and BB-RME would not seem to considerably affect the anatomy or the volume of the orbital cavity in adolescents.
Water–rock interactions in the Bruchsal geothermal system by U–Th series radionuclides
Authors: Kölbel Lena , Kölbel Thomas , Maier Ulrich , Sauter Martin , Schäfer Thorsten , Wiegand Bettina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUranium and thorium decay series disequilibria in deep geothermal brines are a result of water–rock interaction processes. The migratory behavior of radionuclides provides valuable site-specific information and can therefore be an important tool for reservoir characterization and sustainable management of geothermal sites. In this study, we present data from long-term monitoring of naturally occurring 238U, 232Th and 235U series radionuclides analyzed in brine samples collected from the Permo-Triassic sedimentary reservoir rock at the Bruchsal geothermal site (SW Germany). The results show that radionuclides of the elements radium (226Ra, 228Ra, 224Ra, 223Ra), radon (222Rn), and lead (210Pb, 212Pb) are rather soluble in brine, while isotopes of uranium (238U, 234U, 235U), thorium (232Th, 228Th, 230Th), polonium (210Po), and actinium (227Ac, 228Ac) have low solubilities and are mostly immobile. Activities of radium isotopes in the geothermal brine exceed those of their thorium progenitors (average 226Ra = 29.9 Bq kg−1, about 103 times that of its 230Th parent). Modelling the observed disequilibria allows the following conclusion on water–rock interaction processes: (1) supply from alpha-recoil depends on isotope half-life because it is limited by the rate of diffusion through microfractures causing isotopic fractionation. (2) Radium retardation due to adsorption is low (226Ra/222Rn = 1.3) resulting in adsorption–desorption rate constants in the order of 10−10 s−1 for k1 and 10−9 for k2. (3) Scavenging of 226Ra from brine can best be explained by co-precipitation with barite resulting in an observed 226Ra anomaly in the solids of the reservoir section. The precipitation rate constant amounts to ca. 3.4 × 10−8 s−1 corresponding to a mean removal time of radium from brine by mineral precipitation to approximately 1 year.
High vaccination coverage and inadequate knowledge: Findings from a community-based cross-sectional study on Japanese Encephalitis in Yangon, Myanmar
Authors: Kyaw Pyae Phyo , Shewade Hemant Deepak , Kyaw Nang Thu Thu , Hnin Phyo Khaing , Lin Htar Htar , Kyaw Aye Mon Mon , Mya Mg Mg , Thaung Sein , Maung Maung Yan Naung 
Published: September 2020

Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease with high case fatality and no specific treatment. Little is known about the community’s (especially parents/guardians of children) awareness regarding JE and its vaccine in Yangon region, which bears the highest JE burden in Myanmar. Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in Yangon region (2019) to explore the knowledge and perception of parents/guardians of 1-15 year-old children about JE disease, its vaccination and to describe JE vaccine coverage among 1-15 year-old children. We followed multi-stage random sampling (three stages) to select the 600 households with 1-15 year-old children from 30 clusters in nine townships. Analyses were weighted (inverse probability sampling) for the multi-stage sampling design. Results: Of 600 parents/guardians, 38% exhibited good knowledge of JE, 55% perceived JE as serious in children younger than 15 years and 59% perceived the vaccine to be effective. Among all the children in the 600 households, the vaccination coverage was 97% (831/855). Conclusion: In order to reduce JE incidence in the community, focus on an intensified education program is necessary to sustain the high vaccine coverage in the community.
Taxono-genomics description of Olsenella lakotia SW165T sp. nov., a new anaerobic bacterium isolated from cecum of feral chicken
Authors: Wongkuna Supapit , Ghimire Sudeep , Janvilisri Tavan , Doerner Kinchel , Chankhamhaengdecha Surang , Scaria Joy 
Published: September 2020

Background: The microbial community residing in the animal gastrointestinal tract play a crucial role in host health. Because of the high complexity of gut microbes, many microbes remain unclassified. Deciphering the role of each bacteria in health and diseases is only possible after its culture, identification, and characterization. During the culturomics study of feral chicken cecal sample, we cultured a possible novel strain SW165T. Methods: For the possible novel strain SW165T, phenotypic characterization was performed using colony morphology, Gram staining, growth in different temperature and pH and motility. Biochemical assays included carbon source utilization, enzymatic activity, cellular fatty acids and short chain fatty acid production. 16S rRNA sequencing and whole genome sequencing and comparison was performed for genetic analysis. Results: This strain was isolated from cecal content of feral chickens in Brookings, South Dakota, USA. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the closest valid neighbor was Olsenella profusa DSM 13989T (96.33% similarity) within the family Atopobiaceae. Cells were Gram-strain-positive and obligately anaerobic bacilli in chains. The optimum temperature and pH for the growth of the microorganism were 37-45oC and pH 6.0-7.5 respectively. This strain produced acetic acid as the primary fermentation product. Major fatty acids were C12:0, C14:0, C14:0 DMA and summed feature 1 (C13:1 at 12-13 and C14:0 aldehyde). Strain SW165T exhibited a genome size of 2.43 Mbp with a G+C content of 67.59 mol%, which is the second highest G+C content among members of the genus Olsenella. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and OrthoANI values between SW165T and DSM 13989T were only 17.6 ± 5.3 and 74.35%, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the phenotypic, biochemical, and genomic analyses, we propose the new species of the genus Olsenella, and name it Olsenella lakotia SW165T sp. nov., (=DSM 107283 =CCOS 1887) as the type strain.
Fitness cost of insecticide resistance on the life-traits of a Anopheles coluzzii population from the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Nkahe Diane Leslie , Kopya Edmond , Djiappi-Tchamen Borel , Toussile Wilson , Sonhafouo-Chiana Nadege , Kekeunou Sevilor , Mimpfoundi Remy , Awono-Ambene Parfait , Wondji Charles Sinclair , Antonio-Nkondjio Christophe 
Published: September 2020

Background: Pyrethroid resistance is rapidly expanding in An. gambiae s.l. populations across Sub-Saharan Africa. Yet there is still not enough information on the fitness cost of insecticide resistance . In the present study, the fitness cost of insecticide resistance on Anopheles coluzzii population from the city of Yaoundé was investigated. Methods: A resistant An. coluzzii colony was established from field collected mosquitoes resistant to both DDT and pyrethroid and selected for 12 generations with deltamethrin 0.05%. The Ngousso laboratory susceptible strain was used as control. A total of 100 females of each strain were blood fed and allowed for individual eggs laying, and then different life traits parameters such as fecundity, fertility, larval development time, emergence rate and longevity were measured. The TaqMan assay was used to screen for the presence of the L1014F and L1014S kdr mutations. Results: Field collected mosquitoes from the F0 generation had a mortality rate of 2.05% for DDT, 34.16% for permethrin and 50.23% for deltamethrin. The mortality rate of the F12 generation was 30.48% for deltamethrin, 1.25% for permethrin and 0% for DDT. The number of eggs laid per female was lower in the resistant colony compared to the susceptible (p <0.0001). Insecticide resistant larvae were found with a significantly long larval development time (10.61±0.33 days) compare to susceptible (7.57±0.35 days). The number of emerging females was significantly high in the susceptible group compared to the resistant . The adults lifespan was also significantly high for susceptible (21.73±1.19 days) compared to resistant (14.63±0.68 days). Only the L1014F-kdr allele was detected in resistant population.. Conclusion: The study suggests that pyrethroid resistance is likely associated with a high fitness cost on An.coluzzii populations. The addition of new tools targeting specifically larval stages could improve malaria vectors control and insecticide resistance management.
A tanulói lemorzsolódás empirikus vizsgálata
Authors: Fehérvári Anikó , Magyar Éva , Széll Krisztián 
Published: September 2020

E tematikus szám bevezető írása bemutatja annak a komplex kutatásnak a hátterét, amely az iskolai lemorzsolódás hazai elemzését célozza meg. Kutatásunk nemzetközi empirikus kutatási eredményekre alapozva tesztel egy olyan komplex modellt, amelyet a téma nemzetközi szisztematikus irodalomelemzései alapján építettünk fel és amelyre egy ehhez illeszkedő, alapvetően kvantitatív vizsgálati keretet építettünk. Az iskolai lemorzsolódás vizsgálatában az elmúlt évtizedben előtérbe kerültek a szisztematikus elemzések, melyek egyéni, családi és iskolai tényezőkre bontják az iskolaelhagyás hátterében álló okokat. Kutatásunkban ezt a felosztást alkalmaztuk és mindezt több nézőpontból is vizsgáltuk. Tanulmányunkban a kutatás elméleti keretének felvázolása mellett az erre a keretre épített 2018/2019-es tanévben készült kutatás – hozzáférés alapú tanulói (n=1 953) és pedagógus (n=1 136) mintán, online lekérdezési technikával – módszertani hátterét mutatjuk be.