bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding of regeneration in a large number of wounded receptacles in Sargassum ringgoldianum (Phaeophyceae, Fucales)
Authors: Yamano Shunro , Akita Shingo , Hayakawa Yuhi , Fujita Daisuke 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYSargassum ringgoldianm is a canopy‐forming perennial macroalga dominant in a shallow waters along the central Pacific coast of Honshu, Japan, where macroalgal forests have been drastically declining by browsing of herbivorous fish since the 1990s. Accordingly, we tried to reveal seasonal fluctuation of browsing damage on S. ringgoldianum. In the course of the investigation, we found signs of receptacle regeneration in S. rinngoldianum, which has been reported in a few species of the order Fucales. Regenerations occurred most frequently from 3.0 mm to 3.9 mm of the basal part of original receptacles and were also observed at the tips of remaining stalks as well as branchlets that seemed to lose original receptacles. The regenerated receptacles formed antheridia and oogonia, and released eggs from them, suggesting that regenerated receptacles are functional. In addition, no regeneration was observed in only three individuals among 51 plants observed. We show herein a high regenerative ability of wounded receptacles in S. ringgoldianum. This frequent regeneration of functional receptacles is important for the persistence of the population.
Clinically important associations of pleurodesis success in malignant pleural effusion: Analysis of the TIME1 data set
Authors: Mercer Rachel M. , Macready Jessica , Jeffries Hannah , Speck Nicole , Kanellakis Nikolaos I. , Maskell Nick A. , Pepperell Justin , Saba Tarek , West Alex , Ali Nabeel , Corcoran John P. , Hallifax Robert J. , Psallidas Ioannis , Asciak Rachelle , Hassan Maged , Miller Robert F. , Rahman Najib M. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveChemical pleurodesis is performed for patients with MPE with a published success rate of around 80%. It has been postulated that inflammation is key in achieving successful pleural symphysis, as evidenced by higher amounts of pain or detected inflammatory response. Patients with mesothelioma are postulated to have a lower rate of successful pleurodesis due to lack of normal pleural tissue enabling an inflammatory response.MethodsThe TIME1 trial data set, in which pleurodesis success and pain were co‐primary outcome measures, was used to address a number of these assumptions. Pain score, systemic inflammatory parameters as a marker of pleural inflammation and cancer type were analysed in relation to pleurodesis success.ResultsIn total, 285 patients were included with an overall success rate of 81.4%. There was a significantly higher rise in CRP in the Pleurodesis Success group compared with the Pleurodesis Failure group (mean difference: 19.2, 95% CI of the difference: 6.2–32.0, P = 0.004) but no significant change in WCC. There was no significant difference in pain scores or analgesia requirements between the groups. Patients with mesothelioma had a lower rate of pleurodesis success than non‐mesothelioma patients (73.3% vs 84.9%, χ2 = 5.1, P = 0.023).ConclusionChange in CRP during pleurodesis is associated with successful pleurodesis but higher levels of pain are not associated. Patients with mesothelioma appear less likely to undergo successful pleurodesis than patients with other malignancies, but there is still a significant rise in systemic inflammatory markers. The mechanisms of these findings are unclear but warrant further investigation.
Organic matters and acid‐sulfate alteration in Itomuka mercury mine, Hokkaido, Japan: Implications for the transportation and deposition mechanisms of Hg
Authors: Echigo Takuya , Kimata Mitsuyoshi , Shimizu Masahiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn order to examine the transportation and deposition mechanisms of Hg, we investigated the ore and hydrothermal alteration minerals and solid organic matters from Itomuka mercury mine located in the eastern part of central Hokkaido. In addition to the ore minerals, native mercury and cinnabar, quartz, marcasite, alunite, kaolinite, and minor amounts of pyrite and smectite were identified in the Hg ore by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. This mineral assemblage of acid sulfate alteration was likely developed under the conditions of low temperature (≤100°C) and low pH (≤2) in the steam‐heated environment. The H2SO4 was produced above the water table by the oxidation of H2S separated from deep, near‐neutral fluids by boiling. The dominance of native mercury over cinnabar in Hg ore indicates that the greater part of mineralized Hg was transported as Hg0 in aqueous solution and vapor with low sulfur fugacity. The solid organic matters found in the Hg ore were analyzed with SEM‐EDS, micro‐XRD, and micro‐Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and these results suggest that the organic matters contributed to keeping the low fO2 of the Hg‐bearing fluid and transportation of Hg as Hg0 in S‐poor condition. Because the solubility of Hg in acidic fluid is low, neutral to alkaline fluid seems to have leached Hg from the basement sedimentary rocks of Hidaka Group which also supplied the organic matters to the fluid. The oxidation and cooling of Hg‐bearing solution and vapor triggered the deposition of liquid Hg as a primary phase.
Links between attachment and theory of mind in childhood: Meta‐analytic review
Authors: Szpak M. , Białecka‐Pikul M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTheoretical models suggest a relation between children's attachment and their theory of mind (ToM), but existing empirical studies are inconclusive with respect to the existence and magnitude of this association. We present the first meta‐analytic review of available studies on the attachment‐ToM association during childhood. Fifteen research on attachment‐ToM links among typically developed children aged 2 to 6 were reviewed and 12 studies that report correlations between attachment and ToM (N = 629) were included in a quantitative meta‐analysis. Meta‐analytic results showed that the higher attachment security, the better ToM skills; the combined effect size for this association was moderate,r = .30. These findings are discussed in‐depth and future research directions are proposed.
Experiences of homelessness by people seeking asylum in Australia: A review of published and “grey” literature
Authors: Smith Dominic , McKay Fiona H. , Lippi Kehla 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis review examines the current published and “grey” literature relating to the experiences of homelessness by people seeking asylum within Australia. While many people seeking asylum have experienced homelessness during their flight, inadequate and unaffordable housing are a feature of the settlement experience for a large number of new arrivals to Australia, putting at risk their successful settlement. This study aims to explore the factors influencing access to stable housing. A systematic review of the academic literature and a search of the grey literature identified 11 articles and 20 documents related to homelessness and people seeking asylum in Australia. The academic literature included a variety of methods and approaches to the investigation of the experience of homelessness in Australia. The grey literature was more practice based, including evaluation and research reports, submissions, and newsletters. Findings suggest that experiences of homelessness are multifaceted and have a range of influences, including policy, financial stress, lack of access to education and employment, and a lack of affordable and suitable housing. Any solutions to address homelessness need to be similarly diverse. Discrimination from real estate agents and employers was also identified as a barrier to housing for many people seeking asylum, an issue that will need to be addressed at a systematic level. The lack of research published in the academic literature means that although there may be some programmes or solutions operating in the community, as demonstrated in the grey literature, this information is not being shared beyond organisation websites or subscriber lists, resulting in a lack of coherency or sharing of solutions. This review highlights the need for further attention to the factors influencing homelessness in asylum seekers, the experience of homelessness, and how these can be addressed by government and non‐government led strategies and policy development.
Retrospective evaluation of the association between hyponatremia and neurological dysfunction in hospitalized foals (2012‐2016): 109 cases
Authors: Dunkel Bettina , Dodson Fiona , Chang Yu‐Mei , Slovis Nathan Marc 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveHyponatremia and rapid correction of hyponatremia can lead to neurological abnormalities. The objective of the study was to determine whether plasma sodium concentrations (Na+) and speed of correction of hyponatremia are significantly associated with neurological abnormalities in foals.DesignRetrospective cohort study 2012 to 2016.SettingEquine hospital.AnimalsOne hundred and nine foals <6 months old with hyponatremia (Na+ concentration ≤125 mmol/L).InterventionsCase records were reviewed for any foal with hyponatremia. Clinicopathological findings, presence or absence of neurological signs on the day of the lowest Na+ concentration measured and the following 5 days, diagnosis and outcome were recorded, and changes in Na+ concentration per hour were calculated for up to 5 subsequent days. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between presence or absence of neurological signs, Na+ concentration, other known risk factors for neurological dysfunction in foals, and possible confounders.Measurements and Main ResultsIn the final multivariable model, only Na+ (odds ratio [OR]: 0.86; 95% CI 0.79–0.95; P = 0.002) and BUN concentrations (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02–1.06; P = 0.001) were significantly associated with neurological signs. Changes in Na+ concentrations per hour were not associated with neurological signs on any day after the lowest Na+ concentration had been measured (P = 0.18–0.82), and development of new neurological signs following correction of hyponatremia was not reported in any foal.ConclusionsNa+ concentrations were associated with the development of neurological signs in hyponatremic foals. Increased BUN concentrations might contribute to neurological dysfunction, but further studies are necessary to confirm or refute these findings.
Evaluation of the agreement between a point‐of‐care lactate meter and a handheld laboratory analyzer in cats treated in emergency practice
Authors: Acierno Mark J. , Hirsch Aubrey , Dedeaux Andrea 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine if there was agreement between a new point‐of‐care (POC) lactate analyzer and a handheld laboratory analyzer when measuring blood lactate concentration in cats.DesignProspective observational study.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsFifty‐four cats that presented to an emergency service.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsLactate concentrations as measured by the handheld laboratory analyzer ranged from 0.3 to 15.4 mmol/L. Agreement analysis of the handheld laboratory analyzer and the POC lactate meter demonstrated a bias, −0.06 and limits of agreement ranging from −0.87 to 0.99 mmol/L. Regression analysis demonstrated a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.98.ConclusionResults of the present study indicate that the POC lactate meter provided results that are in agreement with a handheld laboratory analyzer when measuring lactate in clinically ill patients.
The use of mental metronomes during simulated cardiopulmonary resuscitation training
Authors: Kneba Elliot J. , Humm Karen R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a mental metronome on chest compression rate at the point of training and 10 weeks later.MethodsA prospective observational study was performed using veterinary students without training in CPR. Students received a lecture and demonstration of CPR. The “Song group” (SG) listened to “Stayin’ Alive” performed by the Bee Gees and were asked to think about the tempo during chest compressions. The “No Song group” (NSG) was given no guidance on achieving the correct chest compression rate. After the demonstration, both groups were instructed to perform chest compressions at a rate of 100 compressions per minute on a canine manikin, and the actual rate of compressions administered was calculated (Assessment 1). This task was repeated approximately 10 weeks later (Assessment 2).ResultsEighteen students were in the SG and 12 in the NSG. Seventy‐eight percent of the SG performed chest compressions between 90 and 110 per minute during Assessment 1, compared with 50% during Assessment 2. The NSG had an 8% success rate at both assessments. Compression rate variance did not change in in either group over time.ConclusionMental metronomes are valuable teaching tools that can help students to perform chest compressions at the recommended rate.
Aortic to caudal vena cava ratio measurements using abdominal ultrasound are increased in dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension
Authors: Holland Merrilee , Hudson Judith , Bao Yida , Gaillard Philippe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChronically sustained systemic hypertension in dogs can damage the kidneys, eye, brain, heart, and vessels. In human medicine, systemic hypertension has been implicated as the most common risk factor for aorta dilation, which can progress to an aneurysm. Abdominal ultrasound has been commonly used to monitor the size of the abdominal aorta in people with systemic hypertension. In this retrospective cross‐sectional abdominal ultrasound study, evaluation of the size of the abdominal aorta relative to the caudal vena cava was performed in 18 control dogs and 128 dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension. Preexisting conditions contributing to systemic hypertension in these dogs were renal disease, hyperadrenocorticism, diabetes mellitus, adrenal tumors, and previous administration of phenylpropanolamine or palladia. The abdominal aorta and caudal vena cava were assessed from longitudinal images cranial to the trifurcation with measurements made from outer border to outer border of the walls, being careful not to compress the caudal vena cava that would alter its size. Our hypothesis was the ratio of the diameter of the abdominal aorta to caudal vena cava would be higher in dogs with systemic hypertension compared to dogs with normal blood pressure. The mean abdominal aorta‐caudal vena cava ratio was 1.028 in control dogs with a normal blood pressure and 1.515 in dogs with systemic hypertension. In dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension, the abdominal aorta was dilated compared to the caudal vena cava in the caudal abdomen. An increase in the abdominal aorta‐caudal vena cava ratio in a dog should raise suspicion for the presence of systemic hypertension and prompt evaluation of blood pressure.
El Museo Municipal de Guayaquil (1863-1952)
Authors: Jarrín Yáneza María José 
Published: December 2019

Con la emergencia de la República ecuatoriana a principios del siglo XIX, las élites locales —políticos, intelectuales, coleccionistas— trataron de impulsar la formación de instituciones culturales. El Municipio de la Ciudad de Guayaquil,uno de los más prósperos del país gracias a las rentas que recibía de las exportaciones del cacao, formó un museo con el fin de profesionalizar a los diferentes sectores de la industria local: el Museo Industrial de Guayaquil. Con el tiempo, esta institución —convertida en el Museo Municipal de Guayaquil a principios del siglo XX— fue reconocida dentro de las redes de coleccionistas por mantener una política de enriquecimiento e investigación de las colecciones emprendida durante la dirección de Camilo Destruge y profesionalizada con Modesto Chávez Franco. De esta manera, se formaron diversas colecciones locales, en particular arqueológicas, que materializaron el discurso cultural del Concejo Municipal de Guayaquil. Sin embargo, para poder alcanzar dicho protagonismo museal, el Museo Municipal de Guayaquil tuvo que imponerse a nivel regional y nacional, lo que le ocasionó ciertas rivalidades con otras instituciones, en particular con el Museo Nacional de Quito, administrado directamente por el Estado central y cuya misión era vehicular los ideales culturales de la nueva nación ecuatoriana.
Statistical Volume Elements for the Characterization of Angle-Dependent Fracture Strengths in Anisotropic Microcracked Materials
Authors: Garrard Justin M. , Abedi Reza 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Statistical volume elements (SVEs) are used to homogenize fracture strength of rock, based on the microcrack statistics of a real-world Yuen-Long marble sample. The small size of SVEs enables maintaining inhomogeneities in fracture properties with lower computational cost compared to methods that explicitly model microcracks at macroscale. Maintaining inhomogeneity is important to capture realistic fracture patterns in rock as a quasi-brittle material. Uniaxial tensile, uniaxial compressive, and shear strengths are derived for arbitrary angle for loading and orientation of a single crack by using the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) method and incorporating frictional effects. Mesoscopic fracture strength fields are generated for different strengths and angle of loading by traversing the spatial domain with circular SVEs. Increasing the SVE size smoothens the spatial inhomogeneity and angular anisotropy of homogenized strengths. Spatial and angular covariance functions of the random fields are obtained to demonstrate how fracture strength varies in space and by changing the angle of loading. Two isotropic and anisotropic rock domains are studied and shown to have very different single- and two-point statistics. Macroscopic fracture simulations by an asynchronous spacetime discontinuous Galerkin (aSDG) method demonstrate that most macroscopic cracks for the anisotropic domain are aligned with the weakest strength planes.
High Performance Loop Heat Pipe With Flat Evaporator for Energy-Saving Cooling Systems of Supercomputers
Authors: Xue Zhi Hu , Qu Wei , Xie Ming Hui 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Two high performance loop heat pipes (LHPs) are developed for direct cooling of the chips in supercomputer. The two LHPs using flat evaporator are: one called water-cooling LHP and another one called air-cooling LHP. The working fluid of LHP is ammonia. The water-cooling LHP can work well at a heat load up to 663 W and air-cooling LHP can work well at a heat load up to 513 W. The two LHPs applying to the real computer servers are realized and tested. The server test results with water-cooling LHP have shown that the operating temperature of central processing units (CPUs) can be controlled to about 67 °C to ensure the reliable operating and acceptable level for electronic chips, even at condenser-cooling water temperature of 40 °C with low water flowrate of 0.055 m3/h. The server test results with air-cooling LHP have shown that the operating temperature of CPUs can be controlled to about 51 °C even at condenser-cooling wind temperature of 30 °C with wind flowrate of 41.88 m3/h.
Surrogate Modeling for Capacity Planning of Charging Station Equipped With Photovoltaic Panel and Hydropneumatic Energy Storage
Authors: Chen Yang , Dababneh Fadwa , Zhang Bei , Kassaee Saiid , Smith Brennan T. , Liu Xiaobing , Momen Ayyoub M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Due to the promising potential for environmental sustainability, there has been a significant increase of electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) in the market. To support this increasing demand for EVs and PHEVs, challenges related to capacity planning and investment costs of public charging infrastructure must be addressed. Hence, in this paper, a capacity planning problem for charging stations is developed and aims to balance the current capital investment costs and future operational revenue. The charging station is assumed to be equipped with the solar photovoltaic (PV) panel and an energy storage system, which could be electric battery or recently invented hydropneumatic energy storage (ground-level integrated diverse energy storage (GLIDES)) system. A co-optimization model that minimizes investment and operation cost is established to determine optimal solution while considering capacity planning and following operations. EV mobility is modeled as an Erlang-loss system. Meanwhile, stochastic programming is adopted to capture uncertainties from solar radiation and charging demand of EV fleet. To provide a more general and computationally efficient model, main configuration parameters are sampled in design space and then fixed in solving the co-optimization model. Sampled parameters include EV charging slots number, PV area, capacity of energy storage system, and daily mean EV arrival number. Based on the sampled parameter combinations and its responses, black-box mappings are then constructed using surrogate models, which could provide insights for charging station placement in different practical situations. The effectiveness of the proposed surrogate modeling approach is demonstrated in numerical experiments. The results indicate better profit advantage of GLIDES over battery system with the increased power capacity
Exergetic Relationship Between the Thermal Properties of Direct Contact Membrane Distillation
Authors: Perdue D. , Chen L. , Schaefer L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) is a process that has shown promise within the field of desalination due to its less energy intensive methods and widespread applications. DCMD is a thermally driven microfiltration separation process that operates on the principle of vapor–liquid equilibrium conditions where heat and mass transfer occur simultaneously. Fundamentally, DCMD is based on a porous hydrophobic membrane separating the hot solution (feed) from the cold solution (permeate) where desalinated water condenses. The membrane interfacial temperatures determine the vapor pressure difference across the membrane. In this work, a direct simulation Monte Carlo analysis is employed to investigate how the exergy of the system relates to some key thermal properties, namely, the temperature polarization coefficient (TPC) and the thermal efficiency (TE), as other parameters are changed, such as feed temperature, flow speed, and membrane porosity. Through molecular simulation, phase equilibrium is reached by calculating the chemical potential at the membrane interface and the entropy of the system is found. Since exergy is a function of entropy, enthalpy, and temperature, the amount of useful work is calculated. Finally, exergy is compared to the TPC and TE as the flowrate and porosity are varied. We demonstrate that with these exergy calculations, the information about the thermal relationship between microscopic and macroscopic parameters will improve future experimental work.
Oscillatory Flow Induced Developing Convection in a Shallow Enclosure: Effect of Sinusoidal Bottom Wall Temperature
Authors: Angeneh Saeid R. , Aktas Murat K. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The influence of hydrodynamically developing nonzero mean acoustic streaming motion on transient convective heat transfer in an air-filled rectangular enclosure is studied numerically. The enclosure is two-dimensional with sinusoidal bottom wall spatial temperature distribution. The oscillatory flow under relatively large Womersley number regime conditions is actuated by the periodic vibrations of the enclosure side wall. The side walls of the enclosure are adiabatic, while the top wall is isothermal. The compressible form of the Navier–Stokes equations is considered to predict the oscillatory- and time-averaged mean flow fields. A control-volume method based explicit computational scheme is used to simulate the convective transport in the enclosure. The longitudinal and the transverse temperature gradients strongly affect the flow structure in the enclosure. The mean fluid motion alters the heat transfer behavior compared to the pure conduction.