bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Deshpande Gururaj Rao , Sapkal Gajanan N. , Tilekar Bipin N. , Yadav Pragya D. , Gurav Yogesh , Gaikwad Shivshankar , Kaushal Himanshu , Deshpande Ketki S. , Kaduskar Ojas , Sarkale Prasad , Baradkar Srikant , Suryawanshi Annasaheb , Lakra Rajen , Sugunan A.P. , Balakrishnan Anukumar , Abraham Priya , Salve Pavan 
Published: September 2020

Background & objectives:
The global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has challenged public health system worldwide due to the unavailability of approved preventive and therapeutic options. Identification of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and understanding their role is important. However, the data on kinetics of NAb response among COVID-19 patients are unclear. To understand the NAb response in COVID-19 patients, we compared the findings of microneutralization test (MNT) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for the SARS-CoV-2. Further, the kinetics of NAb response among COVID-19 patients was assessed.

Methods:
A total of 343 blood samples (89 positive, 58 negative for SARS-CoV-2 and 17 cross-reactive and 179 serum from healthy individuals) were collected and tested by MNT and PRNT. SARS-CoV-2 virus was prepared by propagating the virus in Vero CCL-81 cells. The intra-class correlation was calculated to assess the correlation between MNT and PRNT. The neutralizing endpoint as the reduction in the number of plaque count by 90 per cent (PRNT90) was also calculated.

Results:
The analysis of MNT and PRNT quantitative results indicated that the intra-class correlation was 0.520. Of the 89 confirmed COVID-19 patients, 64 (71.9%) showed NAb response.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The results of MNT and PRNT were specific with no cross-reactivity. In the early stages of infection, the NAb response was observed with variable antibody kinetics. The neutralization assays can be used for titration of NAb in recovered/vaccinated or infected COVID-19 patients.
Local Administration of Carboplatin in Poloxamer 407 After an Ulnar Osteosarcoma Removal in a Dog
Authors: Risselada Marije , Tuohy Joanne L. , Law Mac , James Mindi L. , Lascelles B. Duncan X. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTAn 8 yr old male castrated hound presented for a left distal ulnar osteosarcoma. Staging (computed tomography and nuclear scintigraphy) did not reveal any metastases. A limb-sparing ulnectomy with local adjunctive carboplatin in a poloxamer copolymer gel (poloxamer 407) was performed. The patient recovered without complications after surgery. No wound healing complications or adverse effects occurred after local use of carboplatin in poloxamer 407. The local recurrence-free interval was 296 days from surgery, and the survival time was 445 days from initial diagnosis. This is the first report in the veterinary literature of using poloxamer 407 as a carrier for local delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs in a clinical patient.
CLIMA DE SEGURANÇA NO CENTRO CIRÚRGICO: ATITUDES DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE
Authors: Dezordi Cátia Cristiane Matte , Benetti Sabrina Azevedo Wagner , Tanaka Ana Karina Silva da Rocha , Benetti Eliane Raquel Rieth , Treviso Patricia , Carenato Rita Catalina Aquino , Stumm Eniva Miladi Fernandes 
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: avaliar atitudes dos profissionais de saúde de um centro cirúrgico referentes ao clima de segurança.Método: estudo transversal desenvolvido no centro cirúrgico de um hospital filantrópico da região sul do Brasil, com 107 profissionais da saúde. Coleta de dados realizada com Questionário de Atitudes de Segurança, versão Centro Cirúrgico, com escore satisfatório igual ou superior a 75, no período de dezembro 2016 a fevereiro de 2017. Análise dos dados por estatística descritiva, correlação e análise fatorial.Resultados: as percepções dos profissionais sobre clima de segurança variaram de 36,24 a 77,99 por domínio do questionário. Foi obtido escore satisfatório no domínio “Comunicação no Ambiente Cirúrgico” (77,9). Os domínios “Percepção do Desempenho profissional”, “Clima de Segurança”, “Condições de Trabalho” e “Percepção de Gerência” apresentaram diferenças significativas.Conclusão: evidenciam-se fragilidades nos valores, atitudes e comportamentos, traduzidos por escores abaixo do satisfatório, determinando baixo clima de segurança entre os profissionais.
Debatforum: Ernst Triers Grundtvigresepsjon: Om dannelse og yrkesutdanning i Vallekilde
Authors: Walstad Pål Bødtker 
Published: September 2020

Debatforum[Forum for debate]In the Forum for debate, readers are invited to respond to issues raised, or to raise new issues relative to the field of Grundtvig studies. Items submitted, preferably in the form of an article, may be of any reasonable length and in any of the languages usually accepted by the journal. Contributions in Grundtvig-Studier 2007 are written by Ove Korsgaard and Pål Bødtker Walstad.Unfortunately, due to a mistake during the editing of Professor, dr. p.d. Ove Korsgaard’s contribution “Hvordan erindres folkehøjskolens historie?” in Grundtvig-Studier 2006, certain sections were misplaced. As this may have caused confusion to the readers, we are reprinting the contribution in its original form. The editors of Grundtvig-Studier 2006 would like to apologise for the misprint. Debatforum: Ernst Triers Grundtvigresepsjon: Om dannelse og yrkesutdanning i Vallekilde[Forum for debate: Ernst Trier ’s Grundtvig reception: On general and vocational education at Vallekilde]By Pål Bødtker WalstadIn 1865 Ernst Trier, a young Danish theologian with a close relation to Grundtvig, established Vallekilde Folk High School. He developed a broad range of occupational education units, covering farming, seamanship and fishing, painting and arts, and, especially with the help of the carpenter and teacher Andreas Bentsen, Vallekilde Folk High School offered a variety of education within the field of crafts. Trier strove to maintain all the occupational education units among Vallekilde’s activities. Since, as he believed, each pupil was created in the image of God and therefore a unique human being, Trier wanted his school to “match” the individualities of the pupils. Grundtvig’s expression “Education and Proficiency for Life” (“Dannelse og Duelighed for Livet”) was by Trier interpreted as a folk high school including general as well as vocational education.
The International Dissemination of Grundtvig’s Educational Ideas. II: A World Map of Folk High Schools
Authors: Bugge K. E. 
Published: September 2020

The International Dissemination of Grundtvig’s Educational IdeasII: A World Map of Folk High Schools[Den internationale udbredelse af Grundtvigs uddannelsestanker:II: Folkehøjskolernes Verdenskort]Af K. E. BuggeUdbredelsen af Grundtvigs skoletanker til lande uden for Skandinavien var i 1980’erne og 1990’erne genstand for betydelig interesse. På den baggrund besluttedes i årene omkring årtusindskiftet at registrere så mange som muligt af de foreliggende undersøgelser. I 2003 offentliggjordes en rapport, der omfattede (1) en skematiseret oversigt, som på engelsk betegnes som Report 1, (2) en verbaliseret dansksproget redegørelse, på engelsk Report 2; under titlen Folkehøjskolernes Verdenskort blev denne udgivet af Grundtvig-museet i Udby, og (3) et vægkort, der illustrerer den globale fordeling af de dengang registrerede 695 institutioner.Da interessen for emnet fornyedes i 2011-2012, var tiden inde til at offentliggøre den verbaliserede rapport (Report 2) på engelsk i Grundtvig-Studier. Her redegøres for tilblivelsen, herunder for de anvendte udvælgelseskriterier. Endvidere omtales en række af de problemer, man mødte undervejs, samt de uventede gennembrud, man også oplevede. Supplerende er tilføjet to ekskurser, der belyser udviklingen henholdsvis i Indien og i Australien.
Verdenskrøniken 1812 læst igen -
Authors: Lundgreen-Nielsen Flemming 
Published: September 2020

Verdenskrøniken 1812 som verdenslitteraturhistorie[The World Chronicle 1812 as a history of world literature]By Flemming Lundgreen-NielsenHidden in Grundtvig’s World Chronicle, 1812, is a history of world literature, infact the first published attempt of its kind written in Danish by a single scholar.This easily escapes attention as Grundtvig’s numerous paragraphs on poetry andliterary history are not marked typographically. This paper examines and discusses his most important statements chronologically. Even if Grundtvig’s brief portrayals of poets often describe a short bloom followed by rapid decay and an inevitablefall, he ends in foreseeing a renewal of Nordic literature led by Steffens, Oehlenschläger and himself. Thus Grundtvig, as early as 1812, introduces the Danish romantic breakthrough (1802 onwards) as a poetological paradigm which otherwise is first acknowledged by literary historians writing in the 1870s, ‘80s and ‘90s. Grundtvig’s survey of world literature has been overshadowed by more conspicuous and provocative qualities of his text but deserves a sober-minded consideration.
- En historisk Theodice
Authors: Vind Ole 
Published: September 2020

En historisk Theodice[A Historical Theodicy]By Ole VindGrundtvig’s first World Chronicle from 1812 (VK 1812) is noted especially for itssharp criticism of contemporary culture. It can be read as a Lutheran revivalistsermon passing judgment on great historical as well as contemporary figures who are condemned for their lack of orthodox Christian faith. Read in the light of Grundtvig’s later works, however, the book carries the seeds of that philosophy of history which from 1832 onwards became the mainstay of all his writings.Thus, in VK 1812 are found the first traces of that original vision which inChristenhedens Syvstjerne (The Seven Sisters of Christendom, Grundtvig’s greatcycle of church historical poems written 1854-55, published 1860) follows churchhistory through seven national Churches of which the future Hindu (Christian)Church is the last. Likewise, in the chronicle are found Grundtvig’s first speculations on ethnic origins, later clarified into his idea of four principal peoples in World History (i.e. the Jews, the Greeks and the Romans in antiquity and the Scandinavians in modern times).In spite of his harsh condemnation of his contemporaries, Grundtvig concludesVK 1812 optimistically, prophesying a spiritual and Christian renewalin Scandinavia through the future university in Kristiania (i.e. Oslo) in Norway(founded 1811 and opened 1813). Such a trust in learning and scholarship wascharacteristic of the European age of Enlightenment with its belief in progress. In later major works, Grundtvig expressed this attitude in an original Nordic version which also formed the basis of his thoughts about education and folk high schools.In VK 1812 Grundtvig briefly characterizes the German thinkers who werethe foundation of his philosophy of history. Even if they are all blamed fortheir lack of orthodox faith, his delineation of them is remarkably mild. Later,rather surprisingly, Grundtvig appeared to reconcile himself to a great extentwith the German “naturalists imbued with spirit”.The quite positive words about those German philosophers whom he otherwiserather criticized, presage the deep inspiration in Grundtvig’s mature worksparticularly from Herder and Fichte. An exceptional role is played to Grundtvigby Lessing who raised the principal question of Protestant religious philosophyabout the relationship between Christianity and history. Already in VK 1812,Grundtvig’s philosophy of history is also a philosophy of religion in the shapeof a historical theodicy. As in his works to come, Grundtvig’s answer to Lessing’s question is thus quite the opposite of Søren Kierkegaard’s to whom Lessing, too, meant a serious philosophical challenge.
Status of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA) Implementation at Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine in the United States and Future Considerations
Authors: Linsenmeyer Machelle , Wimsatt Leslie , Speicher Mark , Basehore Pamela , Sexton Patricia S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Context
Competency-based medical education, developmental milestones for residency training, and the single graduate medical education (GME) accreditation system have emerged over the last decade, necessitating new ways to adequately prepare graduates to meet new standards in proficiency, including the 13 Core Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA) for Entering Residency. The American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM) Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA) steering committee has implemented an information-gathering process to provide suggestions for supporting a variety of EPA-related implementation efforts at colleges of osteopathic medicine (COMs) across the country.

Objective
To review the status of EPA implementation at COMs nationally.

Methods
An explanatory mixed-methods design was used to guide information gathering and synthesis of a 41-question survey and interview feedback; the overarching premise of this design was to use qualitative data to build upon initial quantitative findings. This survey was delivered electronically through a link emailed to liaisons at each main, branch, and satellite campus of the 47 schools within the AACOM institutional database. After survey administration, follow-up structured interviews were conducted according to an 18-question script with a purposive sample of 16 institutions with EPA implementation levels ranging from “moderate implementation with reporting” to “full implementation with reporting.” Post-interview, the interview notes were analyzed and results were aggregated for comparison with the original survey findings.

Results
Of the 47 schools surveyed, 42 responded (89.4%). To maintain uniformity in data coding and analysis, 36 of 47 (76.6%) of COMs with independently submitted survey responses were retained in the review. The majority of those respondents (23 of 36; 64%) indicated that their institution was above “somewhat knowledgeable” toward “expert” regarding knowledge of EPAs, but 23 (64%) also indicated “no confidence” or “somewhat confident” regarding EPA implementation. Postinterview results showed that the majority of schools were equally distributed across the “foundational implementation” (10; 28%), “slight implementation” (11; 31%), and “moderate implementation” (11, 31%) categories, with a few schools indicating “no implementation” (2; 5%) or “progressive implementation” (2; 5%).

Conclusion
The results of this review indicate that most osteopathic medical schools are at the early stages of EPA implementation, with emphasis varying by program year in terms of the specific EPAs addressed. Many schools appear engaged in curricular change efforts that will support the advancement of EPA use within their institutions. Faculty development was identified as a continued critical need for a majority of institutions.
Analysis of the Bank's Health Level and Its Effects on the Profitability of Sharia General Banks Listed in Indonesia's Financial Services Authority Period 2015-2018
Authors: Chairunesia Wieta 
Published: September 2020

Aims: To analyze the level of health of sharia general banks in Indonesia and their effects on profitability.
Study Design: The research method used is quantitative descriptive research.
Place and Duration of Study: The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The study was conducted a Sharia General Bank registered in the Indonesian Financial Services Authority with a research period of 2015-2018.
Methodology: The analytical method used is the inferential statistical analysis test using SmartPLS Professional 3.0 analysis tools, namely with a descriptive test, and inferential statistical analysis.
Results: Sharia Commercial Banks in the 2015-2018 period based on Non-Performing Finance (NPF) have a healthy predicate and have a negative significant effect on profitability. Based on the Fair to Healthy Ratio (FDR) predicate as Healthy, and no significant positive effect on profitability. Based on Good Corporate Governance (GCG) with a healthy predicate, and no significant positive effect on profitability. Based on Operating Efficiency Ratio (OER) with a healthy predicate, and a significant negative effect on profitability. Based on the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) which is categorized as Very Healthy, and no significant positive effect on profitability.
Conclusion: Generally, Islamic commercial banks are in good health. However, the achievement of this soundness level is carried out by always striving to comply with the provisions given by Bank Indonesia, not optimizing the available resources so that the bank remains in a healthy condition while meeting the criteria of Bank Indonesia.
The Effects of Participating in Recreational Games on Health Markers and Reaction Time in Middle-aged Tribal Women
Authors: Murmu Manoj Kumar , Saha Gopal Chandra 
Published: September 2020

Background: Taking part in recreational activities, especially outdoors, can greatly improve physical health. People, who take part in park activities such as walking, hiking, or skiing, schedule fewer office visits, maintain lower body fat percentages, and have lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Although recreational games was proven to be a useful physical activity to stimulate some health benefits, we do not know if there are significant benefits of recreational games played on a smaller area with fewer players in the middle-age population. Because exercise is known to increase blood flow and oxygen to the skeletal muscles and the brain, it was inferred that exercise would also affect an individual’s reaction time.
Aims: The present study aimed to investigate whether recreational games could improve health and reaction time of middle-aged tribal women after 16 weeks of training. To determine this, twenty subjects gave baseline blood pressure, heart rate, and simple reaction time measurements.
Methodology: Twenty healthy middle-aged tribal women aged 50–55 were randomized in a group to involve in recreational games training (n = 20; age: 52.4 ± 2.48 years). The participants performed 3 training sessions of 40 min per week.
Results: Results from a repeated measure ANOVA indicated a time interaction (pre training, mid training and post training) for Blood Pressure (Systolic), Blood Pressure (Diastolic), Resting Heart Rate and Reaction Time (Audio) in favor of the participants. The results concluded that Recreational games can be an effective training modality to stimulate a decrease in resting HR and reaction time with small improvements in systolic and diastolic Blood Pressure.
Conclusion: To participate in Recreational games only three times per week shows helpful health-related adaptations and decreased reaction time, means there was significant improvement in health markers and reaction time abilities, which may be an affirmative impact to the reduction of the risk of developing lifestyle diseases and is beneficial to people in their daily live.
Biogas Production from Co-digestion of Cotton Yarn Waste and Human Urine
Authors: Twizerimana Maurice , Marimi Milton , Bura Xumay , Nganyi Eric Oyondi 
Published: September 2020

Aim: To investigate the feasibility of producing biogas from anaerobic co-digestion of cotton yarn wastes (CY) and human urine (HU) using fresh cow dung as the inoculum.
Study Design: Anaerobic co-digestion of CY waste and HU and CY waste alone were done using batch reactors.
Place and Duration of Study: CY were collected from Rivatex Eastern Africa Limited, Eldoret, Kenya while fresh cow manure used as inoculum was collected from a farm at Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya. Human urine sample was collected in a clean sterile container at Moi University hostel, Eldoret, Kenya. The experimental set up and analyses were performed at Chemical and Process Engineering Laboratory, Moi University, Kenya between January 2020 and May 2020.
Methodology: CY, HU and fresh cow dung were subjected to physicochemical analysis. Batch anaerobic co-digestion of CY and HU, and CY alone were carried out under ambient temperature (25 ± 3 ) conditions for 95 days and 37 days, respectively.
Results: The CY contained 90.46% total solids, 77.12% volatile solids and 9.54% moisture content while the corresponding values for HU were 2.9%, 58.5% and 97.1%, respectively. CY had a high carbon to nitrogen ratio. The biogas yield from anaerobic co-digestion was 35.6% more than digestion of CY alone. The highest daily biogas production for co-digestion and digestion of CY alone were 330 mL and 386 mL on day 12 and 21, respectively. The total biogas yield when CY co-digested for 95 days was 10,125 mL which decreased to 6,519 mL without co-digestion after 37 days.
Conclusion: Our results showed that co-digestion produced more biogas than digestion of CY alone. Conclusively, the presence of HU during anaerobic digestion of CY enhanced the biogas production by more than 35.6% demonstrating that HU could be an effective waste for co-digestion of solid wastes such as CY. Further research should focus on monitoring parameters like temperature, buffering capacity and fatty acid levels to ensure optimal efficiency and maximum biogas yield.
Stretchable and Transparent Ionogels with High Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Fang Yuanlai , Cheng Hanlin , He Hao , Wang Shan , Li Jianmin , Yue Shizhong , Zhang Lei , Du Zongliang , Ouyang Jianyong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStretchable electronic materials and devices have important applications in flexible electronic systems including wearable electronics and bioelectronics. Convenient electricity generation such as thermoelectric conversion is required for the flexible electronic systems. Hence, it is development of high‐performance thermoelectric materials with high mechanical stretchability would be highly desirable. Here, stretchable and transparent ionogels with high thermoelectric properties are demonstrated. The ionogels made of elastomeric waterborne polyurethane and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMIM:DCA, an ionic liquid) are prepared by solution processing. Their mechanical and electrical properties depend on the loading of EMIM:DCA. The ionogels with 40 wt% EMIM:DCA can have a high mechanical stretchability of up to 156%, low tensile strength of 0.6 MPa, and low Young's modulus of 0.6 MPa. They also exhibit a high ionic thermovoltage of 34.5 mV K−1, high ionic conductivity of 8.4 mS cm−1 and low thermal conductivity of 0.23 W m−1 K−1 at a relative humidity of 90%. As a result, it can have a high ionic figure of merit (ZTi) of 1.3 ± 0.2. Both the thermovoltage and the ZTi value are the highest for stretchable thermoelectric materials. They can be used in ionic thermoelectric capacitors to convert heat into electricity.