bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of hydrostatic pressure on the behaviour of three ciliate species isolated from the deep-sea floor
Authors: Živaljić Suzana , Schoenle Alexandra , Scherwass Anja , Hohlfeld Manon , Nitsche Frank , Arndt Hartmut 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLocomotion is considered to be the main form of expression of ciliate behaviour regarding their overall life activity. But how ciliates behave under deep-sea conditions is still unclear. Data on the occurrence of ciliates in the deep sea are scarce and mostly based on molecular studies. We isolated three different ciliates,Aristerostomasp.,Euplotes dominicanusandPseudocohnilembus persalinusfrom two stations located in abyssal depths of the North Atlantic Ocean (≥ 4000 m; 15° 55.89′ N, 68° 53.34′ W; 23° 33.23′ N, 48° 5.04′ W) during the deep-sea expedition with the research vessel R/V Meteor (Cruise M139, 08.07.–08.08.2017). We observed their behaviour directly under high hydrostatic pressures up to 500 bar. The three ciliate species behaved normally up to a pressure of 200 bar, but showed disturbances of the normal behaviour at higher pressures. For all three isolated deep-sea ciliates, additional long-term survival experiments were carried out for 6 days at 200, 350 and 430 bar. Several specimens showed an ability to survive the entire experimental time interval at the highest pressure and to recover from pressure release (returning to their normal movement) indicating their barotolerance. Our results suggest that ciliates are active in the deep sea even in regions deeper than 2000 m and might be an important part of the deep-sea microbial food web.
Radiosurgery for ventricular tachycardia: preclinical and clinical evidence and study design for a German multi-center multi-platform feasibility trial (RAVENTA)
Authors: Blanck Oliver , Buergy Daniel , Vens Maren , Eidinger Lina , Zaman Adrian , Krug David , Rudic Boris , Boda-Heggemann Judit , Giordano Frank A. , Boldt Leif-Hendrik , Mehrhof Felix , Budach Volker , Schweikard Achim , Olbrich Denise , König Inke R. , Siebert Frank-Andre , Vonthein Reinhard , Dunst Jürgen , Bonnemeier Hendrik 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Single-session high-dose stereotactic radiotherapy (radiosurgery) is a new treatment option for otherwise untreatable patients suffering from refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT). In the initial single-center case studies and feasibility trials, cardiac radiosurgery has led to significant reductions of VT burden with limited toxicities. However, the full safety profile remains largely unknown.

Methods/design
In this multi-center, multi-platform clinical feasibility trial which we plan is to assess the initial safety profile of radiosurgery for ventricular tachycardia (RAVENTA). High-precision image-guided single-session radiosurgery with 25 Gy will be delivered to the VT substrate determined by high-definition endocardial electrophysiological mapping. The primary endpoint is safety in terms of successful dose delivery without severe treatment-related side effects in the first 30 days after radiosurgery. Secondary endpoints are the assessment of VT burden, reduction of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) interventions [shock, anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP)], mid-term side effects and quality-of-life (QoL) in the first year after radiosurgery. The planned sample size is 20 patients with the goal of demonstrating safety and feasibility of cardiac radiosurgery in ≥ 70% of the patients. Quality assurance is provided by initial contouring and planning benchmark studies, joint multi-center treatment decisions, sequential patient safety evaluations, interim analyses, independent monitoring, and a dedicated data and safety monitoring board.

Discussion
RAVENTA will be the first study to provide the initial robust multi-center multi-platform prospective data on the therapeutic value of cardiac radiosurgery for ventricular tachycardia.

Trial registration number
NCT03867747 (clinicaltrials.gov). Registered March 8, 2019. The study was initiated on November 18th, 2019, and is currently recruiting patients.

Graphic abstract
COVID-19 in otolaryngologist practice: a review of current knowledge
Authors: Krajewska Joanna , Krajewski Wojciech , Zub Krzysztof , Zatoński Tomasz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Otorhinolaryngological manifestations are common symptoms of COVID-19. This study provides a brief and precise review of the current knowledge regarding COVID-19, including disease transmission, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and potential treatment. The article focused on COVID-19-related information useful in otolaryngologist practice.

Methods
The Medline and Web of Science databases were searched without a time limit using terms “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2” in conjunction with “otorhinolaryngological manifestation”, “ENT”, and “olfaction”.

Results
The most common otolaryngological dysfunctions of COVID-19 were cough, sore throat, and dyspnea. Rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and dizziness were also present. COVID-19 could manifest as an isolated sudden hyposmia/anosmia. Upper respiratory tract (URT) symptoms were commonly observed in younger patients and usually appeared initially. They could be present even before the molecular confirmation of SARS-CoV-2. Otolaryngologists are of great risk of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 as they cope with URT. ENT surgeons could be easily infected by SARS-CoV-2 during performing surgery in COVID-19 patients.

Conclusion
Ear, nose and throat (ENT) symptoms may precede the development of severe COVID-19. During COVID-19 pandemic, patients with cough, sore throat, dyspnea, hyposmia/anosmia and a history of travel to the region with confirmed COVID-19 patients, should be considered as potential COVID-19 cases. An otolaryngologist should wear FFP3/N95 mask, glasses, disposable and fluid resistant gloves and gown while examining such individuals. Not urgent ENT surgeries should be postponed. Additional studies analyzing why some patients develop ENT symptoms during COVID-19 and others do not are needed. Further research is needed to determine the mechanism leading to anosmia.
Visually-induced dizziness is associated with sensitivity and avoidance across all senses
Authors: Powell Georgina , Derry-Sumner Hannah , Shelton Katherine , Rushton Simon , Hedge Craig , Rajenderkumar Deepak , Sumner Petroc 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Persistent postural perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a common chronic condition presenting in neurology and neuro-otology clinics. Symptoms lie on a spectrum in the general population. The cause is unknown and thought to involve interactions between visual and vestibular systems, but symptoms also correlate with anxiety and migraine.

Objective
To test whether PDDD symptoms are associated with reported differences in other senses (touch, hearing, smell and taste); to investigate possible mediation via anxiety or migraine; to discover the proportion of variance accountable to these non-vestibular factors.

Methods
We measured self-report multisensory sensitivity, anxiety, visual difficulties, visual discomfort and migraine in patients with PPPD (N = 29) and a large general population cohort (N > 1100). We used structural equation modelling to examine relationships between the factors using a step-wise approach.

Results
We found increased self-reported over-sensitivity in sensory domains beyond vision and balance in both patients with PPPD and non-clinical participants with more PPPD symptoms. SEM analysis revealed that anxiety partly, but not wholly, mediated this relationship. Adding visual difficulties and visual discomfort to the model allowed it to explain 50% of PPPD symptom variance. Most of the path coefficients and mediation effects in our model were unchanged between participants with and without migraine.

Conclusions
Our findings support the idea that PPPD is a complex neurological condition that includes broad perceptual factors, and may suggest that some brains are predisposed to generalised cross-modal sensory-overload. This may give rise to vulnerability to severe PPPD should a vestibular insult occur.
Prospective PED-study of intravitreal aflibercept for refractory vascularized pigment epithelium detachment due to age-related macular degeneration: morphologic characteristics of non-responders in optical coherence tomography
Authors: Clemens C. R. , Alten F. , Termühlen J. , Mihailovic N. , Rosenberger F. , Heiduschka P. , Eter N. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of a fixed intravitreal aflibercept regimen in patients with vascular pigment epithelium detachment (vPED) secondary to age-related macular degeneration with refractory subretinal fluid.

Methods
A prospective, interventional case series involved 20 eyes of 20 patients with refractory subretinal fluid and vPED treated with at least three injections of intravitreal anti-VEGF prior to study inclusion. After study inclusion, patients were treated with three injections of intravitreal aflibercept 2 mg/0.05 mL monthly followed by injections every 8 weeks. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were evaluated at all visits. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were performed at baseline and quarterly. Primary outcomes were effectivity of a fixed treatment as measured in change in BCVA, PED greatest linear diameter (GLD), and PED height from baseline to month 12. In an additional post hoc analysis, vPED patients were differentiated into two groups: (1) vPED lesions that showed persistence of subretinal fluid throughout 1 year of treatment and (2) vPED lesions that showed complete resolution of subretinal fluid at least at one of the monthly performed OCT volume scans. Reflectivity values were determined in the subretinal pigment epithelium (RPE) compartment in OCT scans at baseline, month 6 and 12.

Results
A total of 18 patients completed the study protocol. The mean age was 74.8 ± 10.6 years, and six patients were female. The median BCVA of all patients was 72.0 ± 8.0 EDTRS letters at baseline and 72.5 ± 9.5 EDTRS letters at 12-month follow-up (p = 0.7420). The median PED height in all patients as measured in the OCT images significantly decreased from 372.0 ± 140.0 μm to 149.0 ± 142.0 μm after 12 months of treatment (p = 0.0020). Persistent subretinal fluid was present at every OCT control in six patients (group 1). Twelve patients showed resolution of subretinal fluid at least at one OCT control (group 2). Reflectivity values in the sub-RPE compartment in OCT scans were 41.48 ± 4.48 (group 1) and 42.62 ± 12.34 (group 2) at baseline (p = 0.854) and 65.88 ± 6.74 and 50.87 ± 14.11 at month 12 (p = 0.038).

Conclusions
Intravitreal aflibercept in refractory vPED leads to a significant reduction in PED height and disease activity as well as preservation of BCVA over 1 year. Persistent subretinal fluid was present in PED lesions with high values of reflectivity under the RPE, suggesting both a diffusion barrier and an increasing fibrovascular maturization of the choroidal neovascularization.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03370380
Disruption of carotene biosynthesis leads to abnormal plastids and variegated leaves in Brassica napus
Authors: Zhao Xiaobin , Hu Kaining , Yan Mengjiao , Yi Bin , Wen Jing , Ma Chaozhi , Shen Jinxiong , Fu Tingdong , Tu Jinxing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLeaf color is an important characteristic of normal chloroplast development. Variegated plants have green- and white-sectored leaves, which can be used to identify important pathways and molecular mechanisms of chloroplast development. We studied two Brassica napus variegation mutants from same one variegated ancestor, designated ZY-4 and ZY-8, which have different degrees of variegation. When grown in identical conditions, the ratio of white sectors in ZY-4 leaves is higher than in ZY-8. In both mutants, the cells in green sectors contain normal chloroplasts; while, the cells in white sectors contain abnormal plastids. Seedling chloroplasts ultrastructure of both mutants showed that the biogenesis of chloroplasts was blocked in early stages; delayed development and structual damage in ZY-4 were more serious than in ZY-8. Employing bulked segregant analysis(BSA), two bulks (BY142 and BY137) from BC2F1 lines derived from ZY-4 and ZS11, and one bulk (BY56) from BC2F1 lines derived from ZY-8 and ZS11, and screening by Brassica 60K SNP BeadChip Array, showed the candidate regions localized in chromosome A08 (BY142), C04 (BY137), and A08 (BY56), respectively. Transcriptome analysis of five seedling development stages of ZY-4, ZY-8, and ZS11 showed that photosynthesis, energy metabolism-related pathways and translation-related pathways were important for chloroplast biogenesis. The number of down- or up-regulated genes related to immune system process in ZY-4 was more than in ZY-8. The retrograde signaling pathway was mis-regulated in both mutants. DEG analysis indicated that both mutants showed photooxidative damages. By coupling transcriptome and BSA CHIP analyses, some candidate genes were identified. The gene expression pattern of carotene biosynthesis pathway was disrupted in both mutants. However, histochemical analysis of ROS revealed that there was no excessive accumulation of ROS in ZY-4 and ZY-8. Taken together, our data indicate that the disruption of carotene biosynthetic pathways leads to the variegation phenotypes of ZY-4 and ZY-8 and there are some functions that can compensate for the disruption of carotene biosynthesis in ZY-4 and ZY-8 to reduce ROS and prevent seedling mortality.
Excimer laser coronary atherectomy prior to paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty for de novo coronary artery lesions
Authors: Shibui Takashi , Tsuchiyama Takaaki , Masuda Shinichiro , Nagamine Sho 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA) prior to paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty for de novo coronary artery lesions. This retrospective observational study analyzed 118 eligible patients with de novo coronary artery disease whose only percutaneous coronary intervention was a drug-coated balloon angioplasty (i.e., no subsequent stent placement). Data related to our primary outcomes of interest—incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (MACCE), and incidence of procedural complications (bailout stenting and minor complications)—were collected and retrospectively analyzed. ELCA was used significantly more often in the cases of main branch and ostial lesions (i.e., of the circumflex, right coronary, or left anterior descending arteries, or high lateral branch), normally associated with poor treatment outcomes (55.6% vs. 14.3%, p < 0.0005). However, the two groups were not different in terms of cumulative incidence as estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method (log-rank test, p = 0.603) and a causal relationship between ELCA and MACCE was not identified (OR, 2.223; 95% CI, 0.614–8.047; p = 0.223). This study confirms the safety of ELCA prior to paclitaxel DCB angioplasty to treat de novo coronary artery lesions. While difficult-to-treat lesions were significantly more prevalent in the group treated by ELCA, the study revealed similar efficiency as conventional pre-dilation methods. Our findings provide grounds for a prospective randomized trial with consistent lesion and procedural characteristics to evaluate the potential benefits of combining paclitaxel DCB angioplasty following ELCA for de novo coronary artery lesions.
In operando monitoring of wood transformation during pretreatment with ionic liquids
Authors: Viell Jörn , Szekely Noemi K. , Mangiapia Gaetano , Hövelmann Claas , Marks Caroline , Frielinghaus Henrich 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass or wood into chemicals still poses a challenge due to the recalcitrance of this composite-like material consisting of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. A very high accessibility of cellulose is reported by a pretreatment with ionic liquids that enables high conversion rates by enzymatic hydrolysis. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been monitored in operando nor are they fully understood. We monitored the transformation of wood in ionic liquids using small-angle neutron scattering to observe changes in the material in operando and to elucidate the intrinsic effects. The data analysis shows three different stages that is (1) impregnation, (2) the formation of voids and (3) increasing structure size within cellulose fibrils. This consecutive mechanism coincides with macroscopic disintegration of the tissue. The analysis further reveals that the reduction of order in longitudinal direction along the fiber axis is a prerequisite for disintegration of cells along the radial direction. This understanding supports further research and development of pretreatment processes starting from lignocellulosic raw material.

Graphic abstract
Learning Foreign Language Vocabulary with Gestures and Pictures Enhances Vocabulary Memory for Several Months Post-Learning in Eight-Year-Old School Children
Authors: Andrä Christian , Mathias Brian , Schwager Anika , Macedonia Manuela , von Kriegstein Katharina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe integration of gestures and pictures into pedagogy has demonstrated potential for improving adults’ learning of foreign language (L2) vocabulary. However, the relative benefits of gestures and pictures on children’s L2 vocabulary learning have not been formally evaluated. In three experiments, we investigated the effects of gesture-based and picture-based learning on 8-year-old primary school children’s acquisition of novel L2 vocabulary. In each experiment, German children were trained over 5 consecutive days on auditorily presented, concrete and abstract, English vocabulary. In Experiments 1 and 2, gesture enrichment (auditorily presented L2 words accompanied with self-performed gestures) was compared with a non-enriched baseline condition. In Experiment 3, gesture enrichment was compared with picture enrichment (auditorily presented words accompanied with pictures). Children performed vocabulary recall and translation tests at 3 days, 2 months, and 6 months post-learning. Both gesture and picture enrichment enhanced children’s test performance compared with non-enriched learning. Benefits of gesture and picture enrichment persisted up to 6 months after training and occurred for both concrete and abstract words. Gesture-enriched learning was hypothesized to boost learning outcomes more than picture-enriched learning on the basis of previous findings in adults. Unexpectedly, however, we observed similar benefits of gesture and picture enrichment on children’s L2 learning. These findings suggest that both gestures and pictures enhance children’s L2 learning and that performance benefits are robust over long timescales.
Cutting the Network, Knotting the Line: a Linaeological Approach to Network Analysis
Authors: Pálsson Gísli 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNetwork methods have seen a rapid rise in archaeology in recent years. There are still concerns regarding how well formal networks are able to effectively model local interaction. These are often present in the so-called qualitative network approaches—studies that tend to be based on close readings of relations between entities and the way they form dynamic networks of agents. Such studies have demonstrated the value in scrutinizing the way in which relations might be acted on in practice, and how that might differ from expected results. But rarely do such studies produce network data of the kind analyzed by formal network analytical methods. Formal approaches, on the other hand, blur the specificity of individual relations and trade much of their specificity for the ability to make general statements about relations across large datasets. More generally, the modality of the relation/edge is a crucial way in which formal network analysis differs from other prevalent relational approaches popular in archaeology today, where the substantivity of individual relations is paramount. Such relations are often seen as starting points for subsequent hybridizations that radically alter, if only temporarily, the structure of their respective networks. I argue that a key step in allowing networks to reformulate from initial, data-driven network schemata is the introduction of a more symmetrical agency between the node and the edge. In this article, I discuss how ethnographic sources can be used to achieve this for archaeological survey data. I use assemblage theory as a framework to explore the potential the edge has to offer archaeological network modelling. While assemblage theory is helpful for this purpose, the lack of a computational formality to assemblage theory immediately places it at odds with network science. As a complement, I will also employ the computational ontology CIDOC-CRM to more explicitly articulate the character of links between nodes in archaeological networks. The paper will end by suggesting a method of network modelling which integrates the line as a key source of agency. As a nod to Ingold’s call for an increased emphasis on the line, I call this approach network linaeology.
The Role of Virtual Communities in Gambling and Gaming Behaviors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sirola Anu , Savela Nina , Savolainen Iina , Kaakinen Markus , Oksanen Atte 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGambling opportunities are facilitated by the growth of the Internet and social media platforms. Digital games also increasingly include monetary features, such as microtransactions, blurring the line between gambling and gaming. The Internet provides a variety of virtual communities for gamblers and gamers, but comprehensive research on these communities and their relevance in gambling and monetary gaming behaviors remains scarce. This paper summarizes research of online gambling and monetary gaming communities based on a systematic literature review. A systematic literature search was conducted from five databases: Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Social Science Premium Collection, and EBSCOhost. The search was limited to empirical articles that focused on gambling or gaming involving money and examined online interaction between gamblers or gamers. Preliminary search resulted in 1056 articles, from which 55 were selected for the analyses based on pre-determined criteria. According to results, online communities serve different functions in gambling and gaming behaviors. Gambling communities are typically forums for discussing and sharing gambling experiences, strategies, and tips as well as gambling problems, while gaming communities are inherently embedded inside a game being an essential part of the gaming experience. Identification with virtual communities influences gambling behavior and monetary gaming behavior through mechanisms of perceived norms, social influence, and community feedback. Whereas some gambling communities may provide protection from excessive gambling habits, gaming communities seem to solely motivate gaming behavior and purchase intentions. The role of online communities should be acknowledged in prevention and treatment of gambling and gaming problems.