bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of malignancy assessment for the Paris System for reporting urinary cytology
Authors: Moulavasilis Napoleon , Lazaris Andreas , Katafigiotis Ioannis , Stravodimos Konstantinos , Constantinides Constantine , Mikou Panagiota 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Paris System for reporting urinary cytology was introduced in 2013 and has a global impact. In our study, we assess the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each diagnostic category and our diagnostic accuracy in urinary cytology.MethodsWe have conducted a prospective study during 2019, including only new cases of urothelial neoplasms, all of them with subsequent histology. The risk of malignancy for each category was calculated and the diagnostic accuracy parameters were estimated in correlation with histology.ResultsThe estimated risk of malignancy (ROM) for high‐grade neoplasms was 0% for TPS1, 6.5% (2/31) for TPS2, 36% (9/25) for TPS3, 65% (13/20) for TPS4, 100% (18/18) for TPS5 and 16% (2/13) for TPS6.Accuracy parameters for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) were evaluated in two ways, in the first considering TPS3 as a negative and in the second as a positive result and the values were: sensitivity 70% vs 90.9%, specificity 89.3% vs 65.2%, PPV 81.5% vs 63.5%, NPV 82% vs 91.5% and diagnostic accuracy 81.8% vs 75.4%.For low‐grade urothelial neoplasm (LGUN) diagnosis, sensitivity was 42%, specificity 76%, PPV 71%, NPV 48.6% and diagnostic accuracy 56%.ConclusionThe risk of malignancy for the TPS categories has a clinically meaningful gradation and the effectiveness of urinary cytology is improved by the application of the Paris System.
Cooperative mobile edge computing‐cloud computing in Internet of vehicle: Architecture and energy‐efficient workload allocation
Authors: Gu Xiaohui , Zhang Guoan , Cao Yujie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith the increasing number of vehicles, the generating vehicular data exceeds the capacity of mobile edge computing (MEC). Therefore, studying the interaction and collaboration of edge computing and cloud computing is of significance to provide vehicular users with low‐latency high‐rate services. This paper first proposes a MEC‐cloud computing collaboration architecture for Internet of vehicles, then designs the interconnection/interaction framework between MEC and cloud computing. We consider reducing computation delay and power consumption, and formulate an energy‐efficient workload allocation problem with load balancing and dynamic voltage frequency scaling technology, to obtain the optimal workload allocations of MEC and cloud computing. We then present the overall distribution optimization algorithm to solve this problem. The simulation and numerical results show that by saving communication bandwidth and reducing transmission delay, MEC significantly enhances the performance of cloud computing. Besides, the proposed workload balance scheme is better than the benchmark schemes in terms of power consumption and latency.
Chemical composition and biological activities of endemic Tripleurospermum conoclinium (Boiss. & Balansa) Hayek essential oils
Authors: Servi Huseyin , Sen Ali , Dogan Ahmet 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe volatile oils of flowers (TFE), leaves (TLE) and stems (TSE) of Tripleurospermum conoclinium (Boiss. & Balansa) Hayek were obtained by hydrodistillation method for 3 hours with Clevenger‐type apparatus. Chemical composition of oils was determined by GC‐MS analyses. Antidiabetic, anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities of oils were tested by α‐glucosidase inhibitory, 5‐lipoxygenase inhibitory and DPPH/ABTS radical scavenging methods, respectively. Eighty‐five constituents were identified in flower oil (78.3%). The major compounds of flower oil were artemisia ketone (10.5%), β‐oplopenone (6.0%), tricosane (4.5%), terpinen‐4‐ol (3.7%) and artemisia alcohol (3.5%). Sixty‐two constituents were identified in leaf oil (67.0%). 1‐octadecanol (11.5%), caryophyllene oxide (5.7%), elemol (3.9%), phytol (3.5%), ledene oxide (3.3%) and artemisia ketone (3.1%) were found as main constituents in the leaf oil. Forty‐six constituents were determined in the stem oil (75.1%). The main compounds of the stem oil were 1‐octadecanol (11.1%), β‐oplopenone (5.5%), ledene oxide (5.5%), caryophyllene oxide (4.4%) and phytol (3.0%). TLE and TSE displayed strong antidiabetic activity with IC50 values of 21.30 and 29.57 µg/mL against α‐glucosidase enzyme, respectively. TLE showed the best anti‐inflammatory activity with an IC50 value of 91.02 µg/mL while TFE and TSE exhibited moderate activity with IC50 values of 186.50 and 257.10 µg/mL, respectively. TFE and TLE were found to possess moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 572.80 and 385.80 µg/mL against ABTS radical while all essential oils showed weak activity against DPPH radical. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report on chemical composition and biological activities of T conoclinium essential oils.
Adjusted beta based on an empirical comparison of OLS ‐CAPM and the CAPM with EGARCH errors
Authors: Terraza Michel , Mestre Roman 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper empirically investigates the differences between the systematic risk estimated by OLS and it simultaneous estimation with a GARCH errors. The systematic risk of an asset is estimated by the beta coefficient of the market line. According to the OLS hypothesis, the estimators are robust and residuals are white noise process. However various papers show the existence of statistical anomalies (stylized facts) in residuals (heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation and non‐normality) rejecting the BLUE properties of estimators. In order to considerate these anomalies to modelize the hazard in residuals regression, we use ARCH processes class that has proved it efficiency in finance. We estimate simultaneously the parameters of the market line and those of the GARCH process for the 30 perennial equities listed in CAC40 for the daily period 2005 to 2015 and we compare them each other. We select the E‐GARCH model providing the best residuals characteristics and we note significant differences with the OLS Betas particularly for equities with betas greater than 1. On this base, we estimate a linear relationship between the OLS Betas and the E‐GARCH Betas considering this break to modelize the differences between these two kinds of Betas. By this way, Investors can quickly adjust the Beta with this tool without completely reestimating them with GARCH.
Ginsenoside Rh2 impedes proliferation and migration and induces apoptosis by regulating NF‐κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Li Chenchen , Gao Huan , Feng Xuemei , Bi Chuyao , Zhang Jing , Yin Jianyuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGinsenoside Rh2 is a primary bioactive compound obtained from ginseng that indicated anticancer activities against several malignant tumors. However, previous studies have reported little about the inhibitory effect of Rh2 on osteosarcoma (OS). This study aims to explore whether Rh2 could exert anticancer effects in OS cells and further investigate the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis mechanisms induced by Rh2 in human OS U20S cell line. The viability of U20S cells was obtained by the 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide assay. Cell migration property was analyzed by wound‐healing assay. Apoptosis was visualized using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL), 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI), and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining. Relative protein expressed was confirmed through Western blot analysis. Mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated by JC‐1 staining. In this study, we used broad‐spectrum anticancer drug cisplatin (CP) as a positive control. The results indicated that Rh2 remarkably inhibited cell viability of U20S cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, and suppressed migration. TUNEL, DAPI, annexin V/PI, and JC‐1 assay suggested that Rh2 could induce cellular apoptosis. Rh2 could reduce the levels of Bcl‐2, caspase 3, and caspase 9, and promote the expression level of Bax in U20S cells. Moreover, Rh2 could induce apoptosis by promoting mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and inhibit PI3K/Akt/mTOR and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathway in U20S cells. These findings indicated that Rh2 has an anticancer effect on U20S cells by regulating MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and NF‐κB signaling pathway.
The use of non‐GAAP measures in initial public offerings
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhang Dana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study examines the use of non‐GAAP measures (NGMs) in initial public offerings (IPOs). Based on NGMs collected for a sample of 300 IPO firms from 2009 to 2013, we find that 60% of IPO firms disclose NGMs in their registration filings. While a variety of NGMs are used, earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) and adjusted EBITDA are the most frequently reported NGMs. The vast majority of the reported NGMs are greater than the firms' GAAP earnings. The results also show that IPO firms are more likely to disclose NGMs when their GAAP earnings are close to benchmarks, when they report special items, and when they have a higher proportion of intangible assets. In addition, the likelihood of reporting NGMs decreases for IPO firms with high R&D expenditures.
Two simple and inexpensive methods for preparing DNA suitable for digital PCR from a small number of cells in 96‐well plates
Authors: Zou Ziang , Guo Linna , Ahmadi Parimah , Hartjen Philip , Gosau Martin , Smeets Ralf , Kluwe Lan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough DNA of high quality can be easily prepared from cultured cells with commercially available kits, many studies involve a large number of samples which increases the cost drastically. We optimized two simple and inexpensive methods for preparing DNA suitable for digital PCR from a small number of cells directly from wells of 96‐well plates.MethodsCells (number: 103‐104) were lysed with a Direct PCR® lysis buffer or a 10% Chelex100® solution. The lysates were further purified and concentrated by means of DNA precipitation with a blue‐colored glycogen as a carrier. PCR and digital PCR were used to evaluate the efficiency of the two methods.ResultsFor 1000 cells from one primary culture and two tumor cell lines, DNA was reproducible and obtained with recovery rate (obtained/expected amount of DNA) in the range of 50%‐90% as measured by the fluorometer dyes instrument Qubit. Using 8 out of a total of 10 µL DNA solution for 1000 cells, both conventional PCR and digital PCR were successful. For digital PCR, more than 1600 positive droplets were obtained for DNA from 1000 cells using the Direct PCR® method, corresponding to a yield efficiency of approximately 80%. Further reducing the number of cells down to 100 would be possible with 160 positive droplets expected. Both reagents are inexpensive (0.08€/sample).ConclusionsTwo methods are efficient, especially the Direct PCR® reagent‐based method provides a simple and inexpensive method for preparing DNA suitable for digital PCR from small number of cells.
RAB39B's role in membrane traffic, autophagy, and associated neuropathology
Authors: Tang Bor Luen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNeuropathological disorders are increasingly associated with dysfunctions in neuronal membrane traffic and autophagy, with defects among members of the Rab family of small GTPases implicated. Mutations in the human Xq28 localized gene RAB39B have been associated with X‐linked neurodevelopmental defects including macrocephaly, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as rare cases of early‐onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite the finding that RAB39B regulates GluA2 trafficking and could thus influence synaptic α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunit composition, reasons for the wide‐ranging neuropathological consequences associated with RAB39B defects have been unclear. Recent studies have now unraveled possible mechanisms underlying the neuropathological roles of this brain‐enriched small GTPase. Studies in RAB39B knockout mice showed that RAB39B interacts with components of Class I phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K) signaling. In its absence, the PI3K‐AKT‐mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is hyperactivated, which promotes NPC proliferation, leading to macrocephaly and ASD. Pertaining to early‐onset PD, a complex of C9orf72, Smith–Magenis syndrome chromosome region candidate 8 and WD repeat domain 41 that functions in autophagy has been identified as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor of RAB39B. Here, recent findings that have shed light on our mechanistic understanding of RAB39B's role in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative pathologies are reviewed. Caveats and unanswered questions are also discussed, and future perspectives outlined.
Physician and patient perceptions of fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent or refractory Clostridioides difficile in the first 6 years of a central stool bank
Authors: Gill Madeleine , Blacketer Charlotte , Chitti Franco , Telfer Karmen , Papanicolas Lito , Dann Lisa M , Tucker Emily C , Bryant Robert V , Costello Samuel P 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and AimFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a highly effective therapy for recurrent or refractory Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI). Despite inclusion in society guidelines, the uptake of FMT therapy has been variable. Physician and patient attitudes may be a barrier to evidence‐based uptake of therapies; however, data assessing attitudes regarding FMT for rCDI are limited.MethodsThe South Australian FMT for CDI database prospectively recorded patient outcomes of FMT for CDI from August 2013 to January 2019. A total of 93 consecutive patients who underwent FMT for rCDI in South Australia were invited to participate in a 20‐question survey regarding the patient experience of FMT. All gastroenterologists and infectious disease physicians practicing in South Australia were invited to participate in an online survey comprised of 22 questions that addressed referral experience, indications for referral, perceived risks, and regulation and funding.ResultsFifty‐four patients (54/93, 58%) returned the survey, of whom 52 (96%) would recommend FMT to others, and 51 (94%) were satisfied with treatment outcome. Fifty physicians returned the online survey (50/100, 50%), of whom 23 (46%) were concerned about disease transmission risk, and 15 (30%) believed that the risk of FMT would outweigh the benefit. Infectious diseases physicians and advanced trainees had significantly greater concern regarding the potential alteration of the microbiome than gastroenterology physicians and advanced trainees (8/17 (47%) vs 6/33 (18%); P = 0.047).ConclusionDespite high levels of patient‐reported satisfaction following FMT, physician‐reported reservations exist and may present a barrier to uptake of this therapy.
Synthesis of Heterocycles by isothiourea organocatalysis
Authors: Biswas Anup , Mondal Haripriyo , Maji Modhu S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIsothiourea was first employed as catalyst by Birman in 2006 for the enantioselective acyl transfer reaction. The catalyst was then well explored in the course of kinetic resolution and desymmetrization studies. A few years later, Romo and Smith applied isothiourea catalysis in enantioselective cascade reactions to prepare carbocycles and heterocycles acessing new reactivities of isothiourea. Several research groups were then attracted toward this new field of organocatalysis, and applied isothioureas as nucleophilic catalysts in executing cascade methodologies to synthesize various intresteting molecular scaffolds including heterocycles. The present review documents a summary on the construction of heterocyclic molecules by isothiourea organocatalysis. Heterocycles are of prime interest to organic chemists due to their omnipresence in natural products and bioactive molecules. The Lewis basic nucleophilic catalyst isothioureas play a pivotal role in the cascades to generate either α,β‐unsaturated acyl isothiouronium ion or isothiouronium enolate as the prime reaction intermediate. We have covered the reactions involving two intermediates of opposite reactivities affording various heterocycles.
One‐pot synthesis of new hydantoin (thiohydantoin) derivatives and evaluation of their antibacterial and antioxidant activities
Authors: Ghasempour Leila , Asghari Sakineh , Tajbakhsh Mahmood , Mohseni Mojtaba 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOne‐pot four‐component reactions of phenacyl bromides, parabanic or thioparabanic acids, thiophenols, and triphenylphosphine in the presence of triethylamine afforded new derivatives of hydantoin or thiohydantoin in good to high yields (65%‐90%). Their antibacterial activities were evaluated against two Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and two Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Among the synthesized compounds, the obtained products from 2‐hydroxythiophenol exhibited higher antibacterial activity than those obtained from 2‐aminothiophenol. Compound 9l including N,N′′‐diphenyl thiohydantoin moiety showed the highest antibacterial activity (26.0 ± 01.4) against B subtilis, in comparison with other synthesized samples. The antioxidant activities of the synthesized hydantoins and thiohydantoins were investigated by DPPH radical‐scavenging based on Blois method. The results showed that all the compounds have high DPPH inhibition potency (77.4%‐83.9%) that it could be due to existence of heteroatoms with lone pair electrons and exchangeable protons on their NH2 and OH groups.
Spatiotemporal characteristics of regional precipitation events in the Jing‐Jin‐Ji region during 1989–2018
Authors: Zhang Qi , Han Jiahao , Yang Zaiqiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConcurrent regional precipitation can cause water disasters and have an enormous impact on the environment and society. In the present study, regional precipitation events (RPEs) were computed using daily precipitation records from 1989 to 2018 recorded at 173 meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (Jing‐Jin‐Ji) region. This region is famous for its political and economic status and suffers from numerous water disasters. When more than 5% of stations record over 20 mm precipitation on a specific day, it is termed as an RPE. This study describes the duration, intensity, and coverage area of RPEs in the Jing‐Jin‐Ji region. Moreover, it analyses the region's long‐term spatiotemporal evolution of RPEs to explore more complete precipitation characteristics over the study region. The results reveal that the frequency of RPEs decreased with longer duration, and most RPEs with a rainfall intensity of approximately 10 mm⋅day−1 or covered more than 90% of the stations. The coverage area was positively correlated with duration and intensity. RPEs mainly occurred from June to August, with the average ratio of RPEs' total wet day precipitation (PRCPTOT) to regional PRCPTOT being 0.72. The contribution of RPEs to regional annual precipitation increased significantly after 1997. During the past 30 years, the number of RPEs initially decreased and then increased significantly. During strong El Niño decaying summers, the frequency of RPEs was much higher. The spatial distribution of RPEs was affected by topography, land, and sea locations, with greater frequency in the coastal plains. Approximately 28.8% of the RPEs were accompanied by housing losses, which were highly prone to catastrophe compared to extreme precipitation at individual stations. These findings have the potential to improve evaluations of the impacts of water disasters.
Elevation‐dependent precipitation response to El Niño‐Southern oscillation revealed in headwater basins of the US central Rocky Mountains
Authors: Preece Jonathon R. , Shinker Jacqueline J. , Riebe Clifford S. , Minckley Thomas A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe used nonparametric analyses of gridded precipitation data from the Parameter‐Elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) to examine teleconnections between the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and elevation‐related precipitation variability from 1950 to 2016 over the Snake‐Salt, Wind‐Bighorn, Green, and Platte basins, which span the North American continental divide. Our analyses parse data into three‐month‐long meteorological seasons and use the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) index to examine seasonal precipitation during El Niño and La Niña years. The results reveal statistically significant elevation‐related variability in seasonal precipitation response: ENSO‐related differences in precipitation were most widespread during winter, with below‐normal precipitation during El Niño and above‐normal precipitation during La Niña. These connections were particularly clear, with p‐values <.01, in analyses focused on high elevations, where most precipitation falls. Hence, the most apparent ENSO‐related impacts on precipitation were observed during months and at elevations that are crucial to snowpack growth. In addition, our analyses of low elevations of the Platte Basin reveal above‐normal spring and fall precipitation during El Niño and below‐normal fall precipitation during La Niña. Comparison of PRISM and North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) datasets for the period of overlap (1979–2016) suggest that the elevational response is robust. Together, our findings expand the scope of documented ENSO teleconnections in western North America and underscore the importance of parsing precipitation response over temporal and spatial scales that are relevant to the timing and location of dominant precipitation inputs in the topographically diverse western United States.