bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High flow nasal cannula treatment for obstructive sleep apnea in infants and young children
Authors: Ignatiuk Daniel , Schaer Britta , McGinley Brian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundContinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the nonsurgical treatment of choice for children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, CPAP limitations include difficulty with adherence and midface hypoplasia risk. We, therefore, sought to assess the effect of warm humidified air delivered via open nasal cannula (HFNC) on OSA in children in the sleep laboratory and at home.MethodsA retrospective review was performed among children recommended treatment of OSA with HFNC. Reasons for HFNC recommendation included poor surgical candidacy, residual OSA following surgery, and CPAP intolerance. Children underwent both diagnostic and HFNC titration sleep studies and were prescribed HFNC for home use. Standard sleep architecture, arousals, and apnea‐hypopnea indices (AHI) were assessed with the evaluation of reported adherence and complications over 12 months of treatment.ResultsTwenty‐two children (average 12.8 months, 95% confidence interval [95% CI: 7.0, 18.6]) with OSA (obstructive AHI [OAHI] range: 4.8‐89.2 events/h) underwent HFNC titration with significant reduction in OAHI (28.9 events/h [17.6, 40.2] vs 2.6 [1.1, 4.0]; P < .001) (mean [95% CI]). Nineteen patients received home HFNC treatment. By 12 months, four patients were lost to follow‐up and OSA resolved in three patients (16%). Of 12 remaining patients, 7 (58%) continued therapy while 5 (42%) discontinued due to intolerance. The most common treatment complication was cannula dislodgement. Additional complications included skin irritation, dry mucus membranes, restlessness, oxygen desaturation, and increased central apneas.ConclusionHFNC offers a treatment alternative to CPAP in infants and young children with OSA and was well tolerated at home in our study.
Ten key points about COVID‐19 in children: The shadows on the wall
Authors: Escosa‐García Luis , Aguilera‐Alonso David , Calvo Cristina , Mellado María José , Baquero‐Artigao Fernando 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe pandemic of the new coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), initially described in China, is challenging the health care systems of all countries. Every emerging disease raises many questions with a scarcity of answers since all its characteristics are still being discovered. In the case of SARS‐CoV‐2, most of the literature comes from adult patients. Children seem to be less affected. Pediatric patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 disease usually suffer a mild illness, with a low risk of complications, or mortality. Defining the role of children in the transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 is critical as some national infection control decisions involving children, such as school closures or social distancing, will probably impact the dynamics of the virus. To aid in the knowledge of COVID‐19 in children, this study presents an expert review of the literature published from 1 January to 28 May 2020, including peer‐reviewed and preprint nonpeer‐reviewed studies, along with some relevant articles afterward, summarizing ten key points that characterize the disease in children.
An exploration of workplace mentoring preferences of new‐graduate physiotherapists within Australian practice
Authors: Forbes Roma , Lao Andrew , Wilesmith Sarah , Martin Romany 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe transition from student to physiotherapist involves a steep learning curve typically characterised by stress, anxiety and a lack of confidence in clinical and professional skills. Workplace mentoring is widely used to mediate this transition. The aim of this study was to explore new‐graduate physiotherapists' preferences for workplace mentoring and perceived characteristics of effective mentoring to mediate workplace transition.MethodsA qualitative study with a general inductive thematic approach was used. Semi‐structured interviews of 15 employed new‐graduate physiotherapists were undertaken within their first 3–6 months of clinical practice.ResultsFour themes emerged that were associated with effective mentoring from the new‐graduates’ perspective: (1) accessibility of mentoring and support, (2) the ideal mentor, (3) individualised to the mentee and (4) desire for self‐determination.Discussion and ConclusionThis study is the first to explore new‐graduate physiotherapists' preferences for workplace mentoring in their transition into the workplace and clinical practice. It has identified important characteristics of physiotherapists and other clinicians who support the transition of new‐graduate physiotherapists into the practice setting. Enhancing workplaces through support for the development of these characteristics can contribute to the effective integration of the newest members of the profession and may enhance their development and retention in practice.
Machine Learning Calabi–Yau Metrics
Authors: Ashmore Anthony , He Yang‐Hui , Ovrut Burt A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe apply machine learning to the problem of finding numerical Calabi–Yau metrics. Building on Donaldson's algorithm for calculating balanced metrics on Kähler manifolds, we combine conventional curve fitting and machine‐learning techniques to numerically approximate Ricci‐flat metrics. We show that machine learning is able to predict the Calabi–Yau metric and quantities associated with it, such as its determinant, having seen only a small sample of training data. Using this in conjunction with a straightforward curve fitting routine, we demonstrate that it is possible to find highly accurate numerical metrics much more quickly than by using Donaldson's algorithm alone, with our new machine‐learning algorithm decreasing the time required by between one and two orders of magnitude.
ZYBT1, a potent, irreversible Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitor that inhibits the C481S BTK with profound efficacy against arthritis and cancer
Authors: Ghoshdastidar Krishnarup , Patel Hoshang , Bhayani Hitesh , Patel Ankit , Thakkar Kinjal , Patel Dinesh , Sharma Manoranjan , Singh Jaideep , Mohapatra Jogeswar , Chatterjee Abhijit , Patel Dipam , Bahekar Rajesh , Sharma Rajiv , Gupta Lakshmikant , Patel Nirmal , Giri Poonam , Srinivas Nuggehally R. , Jain Mukul , Bandyopadhyay Debdutta , Patel Pankaj R. , Desai Ranjit C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a central and pivotal role in controlling the pathways involved in the pathobiology of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and other autoimmune disorders. ZYBT1 is a potent, irreversible, specific BTK inhibitor that inhibits the ibrutinib‐resistant C481S BTK with nanomolar potency. ZYBT1 is found to be a promising molecule to treat both cancer and RA. In the present report we profiled the molecule for in‐vitro, in‐vivo activity, and pharmacokinetic properties. ZYBT1 inhibits BTK and C481S BTK with an IC50 of 1 nmol/L and 14 nmol/L, respectively, inhibits the growth of various leukemic cell lines with IC50 of 1 nmol/L to 15 μmol/L, blocks the phosphorylation of BTK and PLCγ2, and inhibits secretion of TNF‐α, IL‐8 and IL‐6. It has favorable pharmacokinetic properties suitable for using as an oral anti‐cancer and anti‐arthritic drug. In accordance with the in‐vitro properties, it demonstrated robust efficacy in murine models of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) and streptococcal cell wall (SCW) induced arthritis. In both models, ZYBT1 alone could suppress the progression of the diseases. It also reduced the growth of TMD8 xenograft tumor. The results suggested that ZYBT1 has high potential for treating RA, and cancer.
Human error analysis of the Montara well blowout
Authors: Smith Patrick K. , Craig Benjamin N. , Wang Qingsheng , Larrañaga Michael D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe 2009 blowout from the Montara wellhead resulted the total loss of the West Atlas drilling rig and caused massive ecological damage in the Timor Sea of Australia. The incident preceded the 2010 Macondo Deepwater Horizon blowout and shared many parallels. An analysis is performed to assess the Montara incident and finds it stemmed from a series of human errors including, but not limited to, miscalculations, procedural errors, hasty decision making, and failure to follow the American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practices 75 on drilling mud circulation. Twelve specific errors were identified and classified into eight categories. The results show that 10 of the 12 errors were latent errors preceded by the 2004 relaxation of the Australian Government's off‐shore drilling industry regulations. Following industry guidelines, best practice procedures, and safe work practices are crucial to avoiding a well disaster and these were not a key aspect of the Montara wellhead operations; ultimately, safety was not a top priority.
‘Alternated Charting Statistic Modified Group Runs’ (ACS‐MGR) control chart for monitoring mean vectors of bivariate and trivariate processes
Authors: Gadre Mukund P. , Venegurkar Savita S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, we propose “Alternated Charting Statistic‐Modified Group Runs” (ACS‐MGR) control chart for monitoring mean vectors of bivariate and trivariate processes, as an improvement over the ACS chart. This chart is obtained by combining ACS chart with the MGR chart, and it is verified that ACS‐MGR chart significantly reduces “Average Time to Signal” (ATS) as compared with ACS chart, when the process has gone out of control. Steady state performance of the chart is also studied by comparing with steady state performance of the ACS‐Syn chart and ACS‐GR chart.
Design of a variable sampling interval exponentially weighted moving average median control chart in presence of measurement errors
Authors: Duc Tran Kim , Du Nguyen Huu , Hien Nguyen Thi , Phuc Tran Kim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the literature, many control charts monitoring the median is designed under a perfect condition that there is no measurement error. This may make the practitioners confusing to apply these control charts because the measurement error is the true problem in practice. In this paper, we consider the effect of measurement error on the performance of the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart combining with the variable sampling interval (VSI) strategy. A linear covariate error model is supposed to model the measurement error. The performance of the VSI EWMA median control chart is evaluated through the average time to signal. The numerical simulation shows that the measurement errors have a negative influence on the proposed chart.
Modified self‐adaptive model for improving the prediction accuracy of soil organic matter by laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Xuebin , Du Changwen , Ma Fei , Shen Yazhen , Zhang Yiqiang , Zhou Jianmin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSoil organic matter (SOM) significantly influences soil fertility, biology, and the global C cycle. Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is attractive, as it can measure SOM accurately and quickly with minimal sample preparation and effective cost. Our earlier self‐adaptive (SA) model based on individual distances between LIBS soil spectra coupled with partial least squares (PLS) was favorable for SOM prediction. To optimize this model by including soil identification via the use of a hybrid distance between the spectra, two hybrid distance SA models to enhance SOM predictions from LIBS spectra in 250 Chinese topsoils were built and studied. The models used LIBS soil spectra and SOM content measured by the traditional potassium dichromate oxidation method for calibration. The performance of these models for the validation set was compared with the conventional no‐identification PLS model and SA‐PLS models. The modified models that used (a) a hybrid of Euclidean distance (ED) and angle cosine (SAxc–PLS), and (b) a hybrid of ED and the distance of response y (SAxy–PLS) improved SOM predictions , with a R2 of 0.908, a RMSE of 5.65 g kg−1, and a residual prediction deviation (RPD) of 2.91 in the validation set for SAxc–PLS; and a R2 of 0.900, a RMSE of 5.49 g kg−1, and a RPD of 2.99 in the validation set for SAxy–PLS. The improved performance mainly resulted from simultaneous consideration of diversity and correlation of the spectra. Therefore, modified SA models hold great potential for SOM prediction, especially for different soils.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluations of New 10‐Triazolyl‐1‐methoxygenipin Analogues for Their Cytotoxicity to Cancer Cells
Authors: Silalai Patamawadee , Sirion Uthaiwan , Piyachaturawat Pawinee , Chairoungdua Arthit , Suksen Kanoknetr , Saeeng Rungnapha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGenipin 1, derived from geniposide present in the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis has been reported to show diverse pharmacological activity. In this work, a new series of genipin‐triazole analogues was designed and synthesized yielding high yields from naturally genipin and their cytotoxicity evaluated against six cancer cell lines. Twenty‐seven analogues were obtained using a convenient four‐step reaction methods. Six analogues showed higher cytotoxic activity than the original genipin and benzylether‐triazolegenipin 5 j exhibited the strongest activity against P‐388 and A‐549 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 2.54 and 4.53 μM. The structure‐activity relationships (SARs) study indicated that the introduction of dibenzyl ether, substituted silyl and long chain aliphatic‐triazoles at C‐10 position of genipin were most effective in improving cytotoxicity. Molecular docking results provided the information for further modification of genipin scaffold for development as cytotoxic agent.
The Colorimetric Signaling of Water Content by a Deprotonated Schiff Base in some Aprotic Organic Solvents
Authors: Tiwari Karishma , Mishra Monika , Singh Saumya , Singh Vinod P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA simple Schiff base, (E)‐2‐[1‐{2‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)hydrazono}ethyl]phenol (Hdph) and its deprotonated form, (E)‐1‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)‐2‐{1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene} hydrazine‐1‐ide (dph) have been synthesized and characterized by various physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques. Their structures have also been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The dph has been utilized as a colorimetric probe for the signaling of water content in some water‐miscible aprotic organic solvents (acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran). The dph reveals a pronounced colorimetric behavior in response to the variation of water content in these solvents. Significant changes in UV‐visible absorption spectra permit a ratiometric analysis of the signaling behavior. The spectral changes are pronounced for the water content of less than 10 %, which is suitable for the application of dph as a receptor for the determination of water content in binary aqueous organic solvents having lower water content. The limit of detection (LOD) for water content in acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran is calculated as 0.20 % and 0.28 %, respectively.
New Insights into Catechol Oxidation – Application of Ammonium Peroxydisulfate in the Presence of Arylhydrazines
Authors: Petran Anca , Popa Adriana , Hădade Niculina D. , Liebscher Jürgen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe oxidative polymerisation of catechols in the presence of amino groups is an important reaction leading to polymers or oligomers of great practical importance. We present here, the oxidative polymerisation in the presence of nitro‐substituted aryl hydrazines using ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) as oxidizing reagent in the presence of Tris‐buffer. Mixtures of deeply coloured oligomers are formed and analysed by FTIR‐, NMR‐, ESR‐spectroscopy and, in particular, by HR‐ESI MS. The reaction occurred by C−C, C−O and C−N bond formation leading to aryl‐aryl, aryl‐O‐aryl, aryl‐N=N structural elements. In some cases, both N‐atoms of the starting aryl hydrazine have been lost during reaction. Remarkably, diaryl azo compounds as structurally similar with azo dyes were also formed. Their reaction with APS was investigated. These results provide new insight into the oxidative depletion of azo dyes with APS in industrial waste water treatment.
Mesoporous Polymeric Cyanamide‐Triazole‐Heptazine Photocatalysts for Highly‐Efficient Water Splitting
Authors: Wu Chongbei , Yu Guanhang , Yin Yue , Wang Yuze , Chen Li , Han Qing , Tang Junwang , Wang Bo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConjugated polymers are promising light harvesters for water reduction/oxidation due to their simple synthesis and adjustable bandgap. Herein, both cyanamide and triazole functional groups are first incorporated into a heptazine‐based carbon nitride (CN) polymer, resulting in a mesoporous conjugated cyanamide‐triazole‐heptazine polymer (CTHP) with different compositions by increasing the quantity of cyanamide/triazole units in the CN backbone. Varying the compositions of CTHP modulates its electronic structures, mesoporous morphologies, and redox energies, resulting in a significantly improved photocatalytic performance for both H2 and O2 evolution under visible light irradiation. A remarkable H2 evolution rate of 12723 µmol h−1 g−1 is observed, resulting in a high apparent quantum yield of 11.97% at 400 nm. In parallel, the optimized photocatalyst also exhibits an O2 evolution rate of 221 µmol h−1 g−1, 9.6 times higher than the CN counterpart, with the value being the highest among the reported CN‐based bifunctional photocatalysts. This work provides an efficient molecular engineering approach for the rational design of functional polymeric photocatalysts.
Antihypertensive medications ameliorate Alzheimer's disease pathology by slowing its propagation
Authors: Affleck Andrew J. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Stevens Julia , Halliday Glenda M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionMounting evidence supports an association between antihypertensive medication use and reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Consensus on possible pathological mechanisms remains elusive.MethodsHuman brain tissue from a cohort followed to autopsy that included 96 cases of AD (46 medicated for hypertension) and 53 pathological controls (33 also medicated) matched for cerebrovascular disease was available from the New South Wales Brain Banks. Quantified frontal cortex amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau proteins plus Alzheimer's neuropathologic change scores were analyzed.ResultsUnivariate analyses found no difference in amounts of AD proteins in the frontal cortex between medication users, but multivariate analyses showed that antihypertensive medication use was associated with a less extensive spread of AD proteins throughout the brain.DiscussionThe heterogeneous nature of the antihypertensive medications is consistent with downstream beneficial effects of blood pressure lowering and/or management being associated with the reduced spreading of AD pathology observed.
Diverse functions of deadenylases in DNA damage response and genomic integrity
Authors: Yan Yong‐Bin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDNA damage response (DDR) is a coordinated network of diverse cellular processes including the detection, signaling, and repair of DNA lesions, the adjustment of metabolic network and cell fate determination. To deal with the unavoidable DNA damage caused by either endogenous or exogenous stresses, the cells need to reshape the gene expression profile to allow efficient transcription and translation of DDR‐responsive messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and to repress the nonessential mRNAs. A predominant method to adjust RNA fate is achieved by modulating the 3′‐end oligo(A) or poly(A) length via the opposing actions of polyadenylation and deadenylation. Poly(A)‐specific ribonuclease (PARN) and the carbon catabolite repressor 4 (CCR4)‐Not complex, the major executors of deadenylation, are indispensable to DDR and genomic integrity in eukaryotic cells. PARN modulates cell cycle progression by regulating the stabilities of mRNAs and microRNA (miRNAs) involved in the p53 pathway and contributes to genomic stability by affecting the biogenesis of noncoding RNAs including miRNAs and telomeric RNA. The CCR4‐Not complex is involved in diverse pathways of DDR including transcriptional regulation, signaling pathways, mRNA stabilities, translation regulation, and protein degradation. The RNA targets of deadenylases are tuned by the DDR signaling pathways, while in turn the deadenylases can regulate the levels of DNA damage‐responsive proteins. The mutual feedback between deadenylases and the DDR signaling pathways allows the cells to precisely control DDR by dynamically adjusting the levels of sensors and effectors of the DDR signaling pathways. Here, the diverse functions of deadenylases in DDR are summarized and the underlying mechanisms are proposed according to recent findings.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > 3' End Processing
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
Wie stark trifft die Corona-Pandemie die chirurgische Klinik eines universitären Maximalversorgers?
Authors: von Dercks Nikolaus , Seehofer Daniel , Steinert Matthias , Krämer Sebastian , Branzan Daniela , Dietrich Arne , Schürmann Olaf , Gockel Ines 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Corona-Pandemie stellt Krankenhäuser vor enorme finanzielle Herausforderungen. Am Beispiel einer Klinik für Viszeral‑, Transplantations‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie (VTTG) soll die Leistungsentwicklung in der stationären Versorgung der ersten 7 Wochen nach Beginn der gesetzgeberisch angeordneten Leistungsreduktion im Vorjahresvergleich sowie eine Bewertung der gesetzgeberisch festgelegten Kompensationsmaßnahmen bewertet werden.

Methodik
Anhand der Leistungszahlen wird ein Vergleich des Zeitraumes vom 16.03. bis 03.05.2019 mit demselben Zeitraum 2020 durchgeführt. Veränderungen von Fallzahl, Case-Mix, Case-Mix-Index und Day-Mix-Index sowie der Belegungstage werden erfasst. Diesen Veränderungen werden die monetären Maßnahmen aus dem COVID-19-Krankenhausentlastungsgesetz gegenübergestellt und deren Auskömmlichkeit bewertet.

Ergebnisse
Im Vergleich zum Vorjahr kommt es im Beobachtungszeitraum zu einem Rückgang der stationären Aufnahmen von 120 Patienten. Demzufolge waren ein Rückgang des Case-Mix um 370 Punkte und der Belegung um 1433 Tage zu verzeichnen. Über die gesamte VTTG ergibt sich ein Erlösrückgang von ca. 0,8 Mio. €, der durch die Leerbettenpauschale vollständig kompensiert wird. Die einzelnen Bereiche zeigen in Bezug auf die Kompensationsmechanismen ein heterogenes Bild mit einer Unterdeckung elektiver Bereiche bis zu 128.163 € in Bezug auf die stationären Leistungen für 7 Wochen.

Diskussion
Die Maßnahmen des Gesetzgebers stellen eine wichtige Stütze zur wirtschaftlichen Absicherung deutscher Krankenhäuser dar. Die fehlende Differenzierung der Maßnahmen nach Fachrichtung führt für die VTTG zu einem heterogenen Bild in der Auskömmlichkeit und muss als Warnsignal insbesondere für elektive chirurgische Leistungserbringer gesehen werden.