bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gonococcal resistance can be viewed productively as part of a syndemic of antimicrobial resistance: an ecological analysis of 30 European countries
Authors: Kenyon Chris , Manoharan-Basil Sheeba S. , Dijck Christophe Van 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background

It is unclear how important bystander selection is in the genesis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae .

Methods

We assessed bystander selection in a novel way. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to assess if country-level prevalence of gonococcal AMR in 30 European countries predicts homologous AMR in other bacteria. The data used was from the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network.

Results

The prevalence of gonococcal ciprofloxacin resistance was found to be positively associated with AMR prevalence in E. coli (coef. 0.52; P=0.007), Acinetobacter spp . (coef. 0.13; P=0.044) and P. aeruginosa (coef. 0.36; P=0.020) but not K. pneumoniae .

Azithromycin resistance in N. gonorrhoeae was positively associated with macrolide resistance in S. pneumoniae (coef. 0.01; P=0.018). No association was found for cephalosporins.

Conclusions

Gonococcal AMR is linked to that in other bacteria. This finding is likely explained by high antimicrobial consumption in affected populations and provides additional motivation for strengthening antimicrobial stewardship programs.
Professional advice for primary healthcare workers in Ethiopia: a social network analysis
Authors: Sabot Kate , Blanchet Karl , Berhanu Della , Spicer Neil , Schellenberg Joanna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background In an era of increasingly competitive funding, governments and donors will be looking for creative ways to extend and maximise resources. One such means can include building upon professional advice networks to more efficiently introduce, scale up, or change programmes and healthcare provider practices. This cross-sectional, mixed-methods, observational study compared professional advice networks of healthcare workers in eight primary healthcare units across four regions of Ethiopia. Primary healthcare units include a health centre and typically five satellite health posts.Methods 160 staff at eight primary healthcare units were interviewed using a structured tool. Quantitative data captured the frequency of healthcare worker advice seeking and giving on providing antenatal, childbirth, postnatal and newborn care. Network and actor-level metrics were calculated including density (ratio of ties between actors to all possible ties), centrality (number of ties incident to an actor), distance (average number of steps between actors) and size (number of actors within the network). Following quantitative network analyses, 20 qualitative interviews were conducted with network study participants from four primary healthcare units. Qualitative interviews aimed to interpret and explain network properties observed. Data were entered, analysed or visualised using Excel 6.0, UCINET 6.0, Netdraw, Adobe InDesign and MaxQDA10 software packages.Results The following average network level metrics were observed: density .26 (SD.11), degree centrality .45 (SD.08), distance 1.94 (SD.26), number of ties 95.63 (SD 35.46), size of network 20.25 (SD 3.65). Advice networks for antenatal or maternity care were more utilised than advice networks for post-natal or newborn care. Advice networks were typically limited to primary healthcare unit staff, but not necessarily to supervisors. In seeking advice, a colleague’s level of training and knowledge were valued over experience. Advice exchange primarily took place in person or over the phone rather than over email or online fora. There were few barriers to seeking advice.Conclusion Informal, inter-and intra-cadre advice networks existed. Fellow primary healthcare unit staff were preferred, particularly midwives, but networks were not limited to the primary healthcare unit. Additional research is needed to associate network properties with outcomes and pilot network interventions with central actors.
Traffic police officers’ use of first aid training at work: a qualitative content analysis of focus group discussions
Authors: Ndile Menti Lastone , Saveman Britt-Inger , Lukumay Gift G. , Mkoka Dickson A. , Outwater Anne H. , Backteman-Erlanson Susann 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends involving lay people in prehospital care. Several training programmes have been implemented to build lay responder first aid skills. Findings show that most programmes significantly improved participants’ first aid skills. However, there is a gap in knowledge of what factors influence the use of these skills in real situations. The current study aimed to describe police officers’ views on and experiences of factors that facilitate or hinder their use of trained first aid skills at work.Methods Thirty-four police officers participated in five focus group discussions. A structured interview guide was used to collect data. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.Results: We identified five categories of facilitators or hindrances. Training exposure was considered a facilitator; work situation and hospital atmosphere were considered hindrances; and the physical and social environments and the resources available for providing first aid could be either facilitators or hindrances.Conclusion: Practical exposure during training is perceived to improve police officers’ confidence in applying their first aid skills at work. However, contextual factors related to the working environment need to be addressed to promote this transfer of skills.
‘High schools High on life’: Development of an intervention to reduce excessive drinking in Danish high schools
Authors: Pisinger Veronica Sofie Clara , Hoffmann Sofie , Pålsson Lotte , Dalum Peter , Grønbæk Morten , Tolstrup Janne , Thygesen Lau Caspar , Krølner Rikke Fredenslund 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Combination of 99mTc-labeled PSMA-SPECT/CT and Diffusion-Weighted MRI in the prediction of early response after carbon ion therapy in prostate cancer: a prospective study
Authors: Li Ping , Liu Chang , Wu Shuang , Deng Lin , Zhang guangyuan , Cai Xin , Hu Silong , Cheng Jingyi , Xu Xiaoping , Wu Bin , Guo Xiaomao , Zhang Yingjian , Zhang Qing , Fu Shen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of 99mTc-labeled PSMA-SPECT/CT and Diffusion-Weighted Image (DWI) for predicting treatment response after carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) in prostate cancer. Methods We prospectively registered 26 patients with localized prostate cancer treated with CIRT. All patients underwent 99m Tc-labeled PSMA-SPECT/CT and multiparametric MRI before and after CIRT. The tumor/background ratio (TBR) and mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC mean ) were measured on the tumor and the percentage changes between 2 time points (ΔTBR and ΔADC mean ) were calculated. Patients were divided into two groups: good response and poor response according to clinical follow-up. Results The median follow up time was 38.3months. The TBR was significantly decreased ( p =0.001), while the ADC mean was significantly increased compared with the pretreatment value ( p <0.001). The ΔTBR and ΔADC mean were negatively correlated with each other ( p = 0.002). On ROC curve analysis for predicting treatment response, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of ΔTBR (0.867) for predicting good response was higher than that of ΔADC mean (0.819). The AUC of combined with ΔTBR and ΔADC mean (0.895) was higher than that of either ΔADC mean or ΔTBR alone. The combined use of ΔTBR and ΔADC mean showed 91.4% sensitivity and 95.2% specificity. Conclusions Our preliminary data indicate that the changes of TBR and ADC mean maybe an early bio-marker for predicting prognosis after CIRT in localized prostate cancer patients. In addition, the ΔTBR was a more powerful prognostic factor than ΔADC mean in prostate cancer treated with CIRT.
From Invention to Industry from a social movement perspective: The emergence of the 3D Printing Industry
Authors: Lechner Christian , Pervaiz Abeer 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the entrepreneurship literature, the phenomenon of industry emergence has been largely investigated from an institutional perspective. Appropriate institutions would allow then a group of individual entrepreneurs (‘the heroes’) to create an industry through innovative ventures. New ventures create new industries and firm entry, survival and exit drive industry evolution. Our research, however, explores what creates the favorable set of circumstances for new ventures to emerge and focuses on the pre-emergence phase and we propose that the patterns of emergence resemble those of social movements. Through an actor perspective, this research highlights the existence of diverse actors, not necessarily entrepreneurs, who are necessary to trigger a collective action during the pre-emergence phase of industries. This research is also distinct from entrepreneurial ecosystems as its development already requires some successful entrepreneurial action. The 3D Printing industry was chosen as a single longitudinal case study, where the actors are the embedded units of analysis. The findings of the study lead to the identification of three aggregate dimensions; “Social Movement Composition”, Temporal Engagement” and “Coalitions Development”, that were prevalent during the pre-emergence phase of the 3D printing industry. Our propositions emphasize the importance of large collective action and the role of multiple actors in order to create the conditions for, first, firm emergence and the second, to the process of industry emergence.
Synovitis after Total Knee Arthroplasty: Possible Cause of Residual Postoperative Pain (Preliminary Study)
Authors: Sugimura Natsuki , Aso Koji , Izumi Masashi , Ikeuchi Masahiko 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose: The cause of residual pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was unknown. Little attention has been given to postoperative synovitis as a cause of unexplained residual pain after TKA. Here we preliminarily investigated the relationship between synovitis after TKA and pain with ultrasonography. Methods: This study was conducted using convenient outpatient samples followed for TKA. Synovitis was accessed with ultrasonography. We originally made synovitis scores, which are a summation of the synovitis grade in the entire knee. Pain assessments including rest, moving pain visual analog scale (VAS) and WOMAC score and its subscale were evaluated. Correlations between synovitis scores or the maximum grade and pain assessments were analyzed. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) on synovitis were evaluated. Results: 46 knees in 37 patients (34 female, 3 male) were evaluated. Synovitis scores correlated with rest and moving VAS (r = 0.439; 0.355, p = 0.002, 0.016). PPTs on positive synovitis significantly decreased compared with grade zero (average PPTs (SD) on grade zero, one, two = 484(21), 255(13), 268(20) kPa; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Synovitis after TKA was associated with residual unexplained pain. Ultrasonography and synovitis scores should be available to evaluate synovitis after TKA.
Exploring the Efficacy of Transfer Learning in Mining Image-Based Software Artifacts
Authors: Best Natalie , Ott Jordan , Linstead Erik 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Transfer learning allows us to train deep architectures requiring a large number of learned parameters, even if the amount of available data is limited, by leveraging existing models previously trained for another task. In previous attempts to classify image-based software artifacts in the absence of big data, it was noted that standard off-the-shelf deep architectures such as VGG-16 could not be utilized due to their large parameter space and therefore had to be replaced by customized architectures with fewer layers. This proves to be challenging to empirical software engineers who would like to make use of existing architectures without the need for customization. Findings Here we explore the applicability of transfer learning utilizing models pre-trained on non-software engineering data applied to the problem of classifying software UML diagrams. Our experimental results show training reacts positively to transfer learning as related to sample size, even though the pre-trained model was not exposed to training instances from the software domain. We contrast the transferred network with other networks to show its advantage on different sized training sets, which indicates that transfer learning is equally effective to custom deep architectures when large amounts of training data is not available. Conclusion Our findings suggest that transfer learning, even when based on models that do not contain software engineering artifacts, can provide a pathway for using off-the-shelf deep architectures without customization. This provides an alternative to practitioners who want to apply deep learning to image-based classification but to not have the expertise or comfort to define their own network architectures.
Sensory Processing Patterns affect Headache Severity among Adolescents with Migraine
Authors: Genizi Jacob , Halevy Ayelet , Schertz Mitchell , Osman Khaled , Assaf Nurit , Segal Idan , Sr Isaac , Kessel Aharon , Engel-Yeger Batya 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective : To evaluate the relationship between pain catastrophizing level, sensory processing patterns, and headache severity among adolescents with episodic migraine. Background : Catastrophizing about pain is a critical variable in how we understand adjustment to pain and has a unique contribution in predicting pain intensity. Recent reports found that migraine is also related to enhanced sensory sensitivity. However, the relationship between pain severity, pain catastrophizing level and sensory sensitivity requires greater study especially among adolescents. Methods : Participants were 92 adolescents aged 13-18 years, 40 with episodic migraine and 52 healthy controls. The migraine patients were prospectively recruited from outpatient pediatric neurology clinics. All participants completed the Short Sensory Profile (SSP), and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale for children (PCS-ch). The migraine groups also completed the PedMIDAS, which measures Headache related disability. Results : Adolescents with migraine had significantly lower tendency to seek sensory input than healthy controls. Elevated rumination and helplessness correlated with higher migraine pain severity. Tendency to avoid sensory input predicted the migraine related disability level. They also significantly higher pain catastrophizing level than healthy controls, as seen in enhanced rumination (p ≤ 0.001) and helplessness (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions : Sensory processing difficulties are common among adolescents with episodic migraine. Sensory avoidance may be related to pain experience, and pain catastrophizing and disability level.
808 nm-activable core@multishell upconverting nanoparticles with enhanced stability for efficient photodynamic therapy
Authors: Martinez Raquel , Polo Ester , Barbosa Silvia , Taboada Pablo , Pino Pablo del , Pelaz Beatriz 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The unique upconversion properties of rare-earth-doped nanoparticles offers exciting opportunities for biomedical applications, in which near-IR remote activation of biological processes is desired, including in vivo bioimaging, optogenetics, and light-based therapies. Tuning of upconversion in purposely designed core-shell nanoparticles gives access to biological windows in biological tissue. In recent years there have been several reports on NIR-excitable upconverting nanoparticles capable of working in biological mixtures and cellular settings. Unfortunately, most of these nanosystems are based on ytterbium's upconversion at 980 nm, concurrent with water's absorption within the first biological window. Thus, methods to produce robust upconverting nanoplatforms that can be efficiently excited with other than 980 nm NIR sources, such as 808 nm and 1064 nm, are required for biomedical applications. Results: Herein, we report a synthetic method to produce aqueous stable upconverting nanoparticles that can be activated with 808 nm excitation sources, thus avoiding unwanted heating processes due to water absorbance at 980 nm. Importantly, these nanoparticles, once transferred to an aqueous environment using an amphiphilic polymer, remain colloidally stable for long periods of time in relevant biological media, while keeping their photoluminescence properties. The selected polymer was covalently modified with two FDA-approved photosensitizers (Rose Bengal and Chlorin e6), which can be efficiently and simultaneously excited by the light emission of our upconverting nanoparticles. Thus, our polymer-functionalization strategy allows producing an 808 nm-activable photodynamic nanoplatform. These upconverting nanocomposites are preferentially stored in acidic lysosomal compartments, which does not negatively affect their performance as photodynamic agents. Upon 808 nm excitation, the production of reactive oxidative species (ROS) and their effect in mitochondrial integrity were demonstrated. Conclusions: In summary, we have demonstrated the feasibility of using photosensitizer-polymer-modified upconverting nanoplatforms that can be activated by 808 nm light excitation sources for application in photodynamic therapy. Our nanoplatforms remain photoactive after internalization by living cells, allowing for 808 nm-activated ROS generation. The versatility of our polymer-stabilization strategy promises a straightforward access to other derivatizations (for instance, by integrating other photosensitizers or homing ligands), which could synergistically operate as multifunctional photodynamic platforms nanoreactors for in vivo applications.
Distinct Type 2-high Inflammation Associated Molecular Phenotypes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps with Comorbid Asthma
Authors: Wang Ming , Bu Xiangting , Luan Ge , Lin Liqing , Wang Yang , Jin Jianmin , Zhang Luo , Wang Chengshuo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and comorbid asthma have more severe disease and are difficult to treat. However, the phenotypes especially the molecular phenotypes of CRSwNP with comorbid asthma (CRSwNP+AS) are not clear. This study aimed to investigate the molecular phenotypes associated with CRSwNP+AS. Methods Nasal tissues from patients with CRSwNP+AS, CRSwNP-alone and control subjects were assessed with infiltrated inflammatory cells and concentrations of total IgE, and performed whole-transcriptome sequencing. Differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) and lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) and their associated pathways were analyzed. The correlations between type 2 cytokines and local eosinophils, tissue IgE, and transcriptome signatures were evaluated. Results More local eosinophils infiltration and higher levels of total IgE were found in nasal tissues from CRSwNP+AS than from CRSwNP-alone. RNA sequencing analysis identified 1988 common DE-mRNAs, and 176 common DE-lncRNAs shared by CRSwNP+AS versus control and CRSwNP-alone versus control. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) identified LINC01146 as hub lncRNA dysregulated in both subtypes of CRSwNP. We identified 968 DE-mRNAs and 312 DE-lncRNAs between CRSwNP+AS and CRSwNP-alone. Both pathway enrichment analysis and WGCNA indicated that the phenotypic traits of CRSwNP+AS were mainly associated with higher activities of arachidonic acid metabolism, Th2 cytokines related pathway and fibrinolysis pathway, and oppositely lower activities of IL-17 signaling pathway. We further showed that the expression of Th2 cytokines, IL5 and IL13, were positively correlated with local eosinophils infiltration, tissue IgE level, and the expression of DE-mRNAs that related to arachidonic acid metabolism. Moreover, WGCNA identified HK3-006 as hub lncRNA in yellow module that most positively correlated with phenotypic traits of CRSwNP+AS. Conclusions Patients with CRSwNP+AS have distinct type 2-high inflammation and its associated transcriptome signatures in nasal tissues compared to patients with CRSwNP alone.
Clinical and Radiographic Characteristics, Management and Short-term Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 in Wenzhou, China
Authors: Hong Liang , Ye Enling , Sun Gangqiang , Wang Xiaoyang , Zhang Shengguo , Wu Yanghe , Xie Xiangao , Xia Shichun , Zheng Xudong , Dong Ling , Cai Fujing , Lou Xixian , Zhao Renguo , Hu Yongqi , Ruan Zhanwei , Ding Jiguang , Sun Qingfeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging viral disease. Here, we reported the clinical features, management, and short-term outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Wenzhou, an area outside Wuhan.Methods: Patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases Department of Ruian People's Hospital in Wenzhou, from January 21 to February 7, 2020, were recruited. Medical data on epidemiological history, demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, computerized tomography (CT) examination, treatment, and short-term outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. Blood biochemistry and routine tests were examined using standard methods and automatic machines. CT examination was performed again for several times during the hospitalization as necessary.Results: A total of 67 confirmed COVID-19 cases were diagnosed; 64 (95.4%) were common cases and three (4.5%) severe cases. The most common symptoms at admission were fever (86.6%), cough (77.6%), productive cough (52.2%), chest distress (17.9%), and sore throat (11.9%), followed by diarrhea (7.4%), headache (7.4%), shortness of breath (6.0%), dizziness (4.5%), muscular soreness (4.5%), and running nose (4.5%). Thirty patients (47.8%) had increased C-reactive protein levels. The CT radiographs at admission showed abnormal findings in 54 (80.6%) patients. The patients were treated mainly by oxygen therapy and antiviral drugs. By February 17, 2020, none of the 67 patients died and no infection occurred among medical staff in the department. Fifty-four (80.6%) patients were completely recovered and all others were improving.Conclusion: Cases in Wenzhou are mild, with good prognosis. Timely and appropriate screening, diagnosis, and treatment are the key to achieve the good outcomes.