bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethical Considerations of Applying Robots in Kindergarten Settings: Towards an Approach from a Macroperspective
Authors: Tolksdorf Nils F. , Siebert Scarlet , Zorn Isabel , Horwath Ilona , Rohlfing Katharina J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn child–robot interaction (cHRI) research, many studies pursue the goal to develop interactive systems that can be applied in everyday settings. For early education, increasingly, the setting of a kindergarten is targeted. However, when cHRI and research are brought into a kindergarten, a range of ethical and related procedural aspects have to be considered and dealt with. While ethical models elaborated within other human–robot interaction settings, e.g., assisted living contexts, can provide some important indicators for relevant issues, we argue that it is important to start developing a systematic approach to identify and tackle those ethical issues which rise with cHRI in kindergarten settings on a more global level and address the impact of the technology from a macroperspective beyond the effects on the individual. Based on our experience in conducting studies with children in general and pedagogical considerations on the role of the institution of kindergarten in specific, in this paper, we enfold some relevant aspects that have barely been addressed in an explicit way in current cHRI research. Four areas are analyzed and key ethical issues are identified in each area: (1) the institutional setting of a kindergarten, (2) children as a vulnerable group, (3) the caregivers’ role, and (4) pedagogical concepts. With our considerations, we aim at (i) broadening the methodology of the current studies within the area of cHRI, (ii) revalidate it based on our comprehensive empirical experience with research in kindergarten settings, both laboratory and real-world contexts, and (iii) provide a framework for the development of a more systematic approach to address the ethical issues in cHRI research within kindergarten settings.
To what extent does organic farming promote species richness and abundance in temperate climates? A review
Authors: Stein-Bachinger Karin , Gottwald Frank , Haub Almut , Schmidt Elisabeth 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe loss of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes has been dramatic over the past few decades with negative trends persisting. Organic farming has received widespread recognition in the scientific and politic fields for its environmental benefits, although the proportion of land cultivated organically is still small and the extent to which organic farming contributes to the promotion of biodiversity is viewed controversially. We present a critical, quantitative review of 98 mainly peer-reviewed papers selected from 801 studies in temperate climate zones published over the period 1990–2017. We quantified differences in the species richness and abundance of selected flora and fauna groups. In total, 474 pairwise comparisons that compared organic and conventional farming systems were considered. Overall, organic farming showed higher species richness or abundance in 58% of the pairs. No differences were found for 38%, 4% indicated negative effects from organic farming. The average (median) species numbers of flora on arable land were 95% higher under organic management as well as 61% higher for seedbank and 21% higher for field margin vegetation. For field birds, the species richness was 35%, and the abundance was 24% higher in organic farming; for insects, the corresponding values are 22% and 36% and for spiders 15% and 55%. Our study underlines that organic farming can play an effective role in acting against the loss of biodiversity. Future research should focus on the combined effects of landscape structures and organic farming, the effect of large-scale organic farming, as well as on the correlation of species diversity and production parameters. To meet the systems’ representativeness, even more strict selection criteria need to be applied in further analysis.
Antihypertensive Effectiveness of Perindopril Arginine and Indapamide Single-Pill Combination According to Body Mass Index: Findings from the FORSAGE Study
Authors:   The FORSAGE Investigators, Glezer M. G. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Overweight and obesity are increasing worldwide and are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to examine the burden of CVD risk factors among normal weight, overweight, and obese subjects with hypertension, and to evaluate the effectiveness of switching to a single-pill combination (SPC) of perindopril arginine/indapamide for blood pressure (BP) control in overweight and obese subjects treated in routine clinical practice.

Methods
FORSAGE was a 3-month, multicenter, observational, open-label study conducted in Russian patients with uncontrolled arterial hypertension under previous antihypertensive therapy. Subjects were switched to the full-dose perindopril arginine 10 mg/indapamide 2.5 mg SPC. BP was assessed at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months, and serum creatinine and general health status at 3 months. The present post hoc analysis of the FORSAGE study results explored the effectiveness of perindopril arginine/indapamide SPC in patients with arterial hypertension with regard to baseline body mass index (BMI): normal (< 25 kg/m2), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2), and obese (≥ 30 kg/m2).

Results
A total of 1969 patients were recruited, but BMI data were available for 1963 patients, two-thirds of whom were women. The distribution of BMI groups was as follows: < 25 kg/m2 (16.7%), overweight (48.7%), and obese (34.7%). Overweight or obese patients had more concomitant diseases such as diabetes mellitus or history of stroke, higher BP levels, serum cholesterol and creatinine, and lower glomerular filtration rates. Switching to perindopril arginine/indapamide SPC was associated with a statistically significant reduction in BP as early as the second week of treatment. At 3 months, systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) had decreased significantly by 39.3/18.8 mmHg in the normal BMI group, 39.8/18.8 mmHg in overweight, and 39.4/18.7 mmHg in obese groups. The magnitude of the BP reduction was independent of BMI. Achievement of target BP (< 140/90 mmHg) was good in all groups, but lower in obese subjects (70.9%) than in overweight subjects (78.1%) or those with a normal BMI (81.8%) (P < 0.0001 for both comparisons).

Conclusions
In subjects with uncontrolled BP on existing antihypertensive therapy, switching to perindopril arginine 10 mg/indapamide 2.5 mg was associated with statistically significant decreases in BP and higher rates of target BP achievement in all BMI groups, including more than 70% of overweight and obese patients.

Trial Registration
ISRCTN ID, ISRCTN14315146 (retrospectively registered 18/11/2019).
Comparison and unification of material-point and optimal transportation meshfree methods
Authors: Wobbes Elizaveta , Tielen Roel , Möller Matthias , Vuik Cornelis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBoth the material-point method (MPM) and optimal transportation meshfree (OTM) method have been developed to efficiently solve partial differential equations that are based on the conservation laws from continuum mechanics. However, the methods are derived in a different fashion and have been studied independently of one another. In this paper, we provide a direct step-by-step comparison of the MPM and OTM algorithms. Based on this comparison, we derive the conditions, under which the two approaches can be related to each other, thereby bridging the gap between the MPM and OTM communities. In addition, we introduce a novel unified approach that combines the design principles from B-spline MPM and the OTM method. The proposed approach does not contain user-defined parameters and can decrease the costs of the standard OTM method. Moreover, it allows for the use of a consistent mass matrix without stability issues that are typically encountered in MPM computations.
Non-destructive imaging and spectroscopic techniques to investigate the hidden-lifestyle arthropod pests: a review
Authors: Keszthelyi Sándor , Pónya Zsolt , Csóka Ádám , Bázár György , Morschhauser Tamás , Donkó Tamás 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere are several harmful and yield decreasing arthropod pests, which live within plant tissues, causing almost unnoticeable damage, e.g.Ostrinia nubilalisHbn.,Cydia pomonellaL.,Acanthoscelides obtectusSay. Their ecological and biological features are rather known. The process leading to the damage is difficult to trace by means of conventional imaging techniques. In this review, optical techniques—X-ray, computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, confocal laser scanning microscopy, infrared thermography, near-infrared spectroscopy and luminescence spectroscopy—are described. Main results can contribute to the understanding of the covert pest life processes from the plant protection perspective. The use of these imaging technologies has greatly improved and facilitated the detailed investigation of injured plants. The results provided additional data on biological and ecological information as to the hidden lifestyles of covertly developing insects. Therefore, it can greatly contribute to the realisation of integrated pest management criteria in practical plant protection.
Evaluation of sticky trap colour for thrips (Thysanoptera) monitoring in pea crops (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Pobozniak Maria , Tokarz Krzysztof , Musynov Kazhymurat 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe compared the effectiveness of three different trap colours (blue, yellow and white) to identify the optimal trap colour for the monitoring of the thripsFrankliniella intonsa,Thrips tabaci,Thrips fuscipennisandAeolothrips intermediusin the three pea cultivars, namely Polar, Izolda and Tarchalska. The number of captured thrips specimens was significantly affected by trap colour, pea cultivar and interaction between these factors. The two most attractive trap base colours for thrips were blue (peak at 450 nm) and yellow (peak at 550 nm). Irrespective of the pea cultivar, mostF. intonsawere captured on the blue and yellow traps. Blue traps were the most attractive toT. fuscipennisandT. tabaci, followed by yellow and white ones, and yellow traps were most attractive toA. intermedius. More thrips were caught on the traps located in the plots with cultivars characterised by a longer growing season Tarchalska and Izolda, which were inhabited by large numbers of thrips. There was a significant interaction effect between trap colour and pea cultivar on the number of caughtF. intonsaandT. fuscipennisin both years and forT. tabaciin 2010. Overall, among the tested trap colours, blue traps were the most effective ones for monitoring thrips in pea fields and could be used as an early detection tool. Yellow traps may be risky because they reduce population densities of the predaceousA. intermediusin pea fields, thus leading to an increase in pest numbers.
Lecture as an Event in Postdigital Education: a Dyadic Teaching Diary
Authors: Pyyhtinen Olli , Suoranta Juha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this experimental text, we reflect in the form of a dyadic teaching diary upon a course we recently taught together on the ‘sociological imagination’. One of the main aims we set for the class was to ponder how the social scientific imagination could be enriched, and figure out ways to stress its social and political relevance. From the pedagogical point of view, we wanted to create a course which would disrupt the students’ oft-criticized routine of rote-learning, and in which they would learn to use digital platforms for the purpose of producing and sharing knowledge, meet each other, and have their social scientific thinking refreshed and perhaps even renewed. In pondering the weeks spent together with our students, we suggest that what gradually happened in our ‘postdigital classroom’ and outside of it was an Event—something surprising and unexpected that could not be controlled entirely.
Pesticides use, practice and its effect on honeybee in Ethiopia: a review
Authors: Fikadu Zekiros 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHoneybees play an essential economic role in the pollination of crops. Farmers were buying, storing, and use pesticides on cultivated plants with no or little consideration of the effect on honeybees. In Ethiopia, pesticide poisoning of honeybees has increased from time to time, and beekeepers also lose their colonies due to unwise use and improper practice of pesticides. Ethiopia has developed a legal framework on pesticide registration, distribution, and use. But regulations are not strictly implemented by the farmers, and it needs enforcement. Farmers use pesticides on crops with no or little consideration of their effect on honeybees, also the use of pesticides is harmful to pollination service, behavior, communication, forage resource, poisoning, and contaminated hive products. The Effective communication between beekeepers and crop growers is important because spraying pesticides is required to minimize the impact of pesticides on honeybees. The present review should focus on the effects of pesticide use and the means of reducing its impact on honeybee colonies.
Social media use and risky behaviors in adolescents: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Vannucci Anna , Simpson Emily G. , Gagnon Sonja , Ohannessian Christine McCauley 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis systematic review and meta‐analysis examined the associations between social media use and risky behaviors during adolescence, and evaluated study characteristics (e.g., sample age, type of social media platform assessed) that may moderate these relationships.MethodsA comprehensive search strategy identified relevant studies from PsycInfo, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Proquest Dissertations and Theses Global.ResultsThe final sample included 27 independent cross‐sectional studies with a total of 67,407 adolescents (Mage = 15.5, range: 12.6–18.0 years; 51.7% girls; 57.2% White). Results from random effects models indicated that there were positive, small‐to‐medium correlations between social media use and engagement in risky behaviors generally (r = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.16‐0.25), substance use (r = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.12‐0.26), and risky sexual behaviors (r = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.15‐0.28). There were an insufficient number of independent samples available to conduct a random effect models for violence‐related behaviors (k = 3). Moderator analyses suggested that studies assessing solely early social media platforms (e.g., Facebook/MySpace only) in relation to substance use had smaller effect sizes than substance use studies assessing a broader range of contemporary social media platforms. In addition, younger samples had larger effect sizes for studies focused on social media use and risky sexual behaviors.ConclusionsThe positive links identified between social media and risky behaviors during adolescence in this meta‐analysis suggest that developmental theories of risk taking would benefit from incorporating the social media context. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify directionality and make more specific practice and policy recommendations so that social media is a safe place in which adolescents can thrive.
CitGVD: a comprehensive database of citrus genomic variations
Authors: Li Qiang , Qi Jingjing , Qin Xiujuan , Dou Wanfu , Lei Tiangang , Hu Anhua , Jia Ruirui , Jiang Guojin , Zou Xiuping , Long Qin , Xu Lanzhen , Peng Aihong , Yao Lixiao , Chen Shanchun , He Yongrui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCitrus is one of the most important commercial fruit crops worldwide. With the vast genomic data currently available for citrus fruit, genetic relationships, and molecular markers can be assessed for the development of molecular breeding and genomic selection strategies. In this study, to permit the ease of access to these data, a web-based database, the citrus genomic variation database (CitGVD, http://citgvd.cric.cn/home) was developed as the first citrus-specific comprehensive database dedicated to genome-wide variations including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (INDELs). The current version (V1.0.0) of CitGVD is an open-access resource centered on 1,493,258,964 high-quality genomic variations and 84 phenotypes of 346 organisms curated from in-house projects and public resources. CitGVD integrates closely related information on genomic variation annotations, related gene annotations, and details regarding the organisms, incorporating a variety of built-in tools for data accession and analysis. As an example, CitGWAS can be used for genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with SNPs and phenotypic data, while CitEVOL can be used for genetic structure analysis. These features make CitGVD a comprehensive web portal and bioinformatics platform for citrus-related studies. It also provides a model for analyzing genome-wide variations for a wide range of crop varieties.
Hydrogen sulfide inhibits ethylene-induced petiole abscission in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Liu Danmei , Li Jianing , Li Zhuowen , Pei Yanxi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAbscission is a dynamic physiological process that is ubiquitous in plants and can also be an essential agronomic trait in crops, thus attracting attention from plant growers and breeders. In general, the process of plant organ abscission can be divided into four steps, among which the step to obtain the competence to respond to abscission signals (step 2) is the most complex; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. In this study, we found that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) inhibited the abscission of the tomato petiole in a dose-dependent manner, and the abscission of the petiole was accelerated when an H2S scavenger was applied. Further enzymatic activity and gene expression analyses showed that H2S suppressed the activity of enzymes capable of modifying the cell wall by inhibiting the usual upregulation of the transcription of the corresponding genes during the abscission process but not by affecting the activities of these enzymes by direct posttranslational modification. H2S treatment upregulated the expression levels of SlIAA3 and SlIAA4 but downregulated the transcription of ILR-L3 and ILR-L4 in the earlier stages of the abscission process, indicating that H2S probably functioned in the second step of the abscission process by preventing the abscission zone cells from obtaining the competence to respond to abscission signals by modulating the content of the bioactive-free auxin in these cells. Moreover, similar H2S inhibitory effects were also demonstrated in the process of floral organ abscission and anther dehiscence in other plant species, suggesting a ubiquitous role for H2S in cell separation processes.
MdMYB8 is associated with flavonol biosynthesis via the activation of the MdFLS promoter in the fruits of Malus crabapple
Authors: Li Hua , Li Yu , Yu Jiaxuan , Wu Ting , Zhang Jie , Tian Ji , Yao Yuncong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFlavonols are polyphenolic compounds that play important roles in plant stress resistance and development. They are also valuable components of the human diet. TheMaluscrabapple cultivar ‘Flame’ provides an excellent model for studying flavonol biosynthesis due to the high flavonol content of its fruit peel. To obtain a more detailed understanding of the flavonol regulatory network involved in fruit development, the transcriptomes of the fruit of theMaluscv. ‘Flame’ from five continuous developmental stages were analyzed using RNA sequencing. A flavonol-related gene module was identified through weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that phytohormones are involved in regulating flavonol biosynthesis during fruit development. A putative transcription factor,MdMYB8, was selected for further study through hub gene correlation network analysis and yeast one-hybrid assays. Stable overexpression or RNAi knockdown ofMdMYB8in transgenic ‘Orin’ apple calli resulted in a higher or lower flavonol content, respectively, suggesting thatMdMYB8is a regulator of flavonol biosynthesis. This transcriptome analysis provides valuable data for future studies of flavonol synthesis and regulation.
A chromosome-scale genome assembly of Isatis indigotica, an important medicinal plant used in traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Kang Minghui , Wu Haolin , Yang Qiao , Huang Li , Hu Quanjun , Ma Tao , Li Zaiyun , Liu Jianquan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIsatis indigotica (2n = 14) is an important medicinal plant in China. Its dried leaves and roots (called Isatidis Folium and Isatidis Radix, respectively) are broadly used in traditional Chinese medicine for curing diseases caused by bacteria and viruses such as influenza and viral pneumonia. Various classes of compounds isolated from this species have been identified as effective ingredients. Previous studies based on transcriptomes revealed only a few candidate genes for the biosynthesis of these active compounds in this medicinal plant. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly of I. indigotica with a total size of 293.88 Mb and scaffold N50 = 36.16 Mb using single-molecule real-time long reads and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture techniques. We annotated 30,323 high-confidence protein-coding genes. Based on homolog searching and functional annotations, we identified many candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of main active components such as indoles, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids. In addition, we found that some key enzyme-coding gene families related to the biosynthesis of these components were expanded due to tandem duplications, which likely drove the production of these major active compounds and explained why I. indigotica has excellent antibacterial and antiviral activities. Our results highlighted the importance of genome sequencing in identifying candidate genes for metabolite synthesis in medicinal plants.
A CIN-like TCP transcription factor (LsTCP4) having retrotransposon insertion associates with a shift from Salinas type to Empire type in crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Seki Kousuke , Komatsu Kenji , Tanaka Keisuke , Hiraga Masahiro , Kajiya-Kanegae Hiromi , Matsumura Hideo , Uno Yuichi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo improve several agronomic traits in crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativaL.) under high-temperature growth conditions, we investigated the correlation among those traits in multiple cultivars and performed genetic mapping of their causal genes. In a field cultivation test of Empire type (serrated leaf) and Salinas type (wavy leaf) cultivars, Empire type cultivars showed increased tipburn susceptibility and late bolting compared with Salinas type cultivars. We attempted genetic mapping of leaf shape and bolting time by ddRAD-seq using the F2population derived from a cross between ‘VI185’ (Empire type) and ‘ShinanoGreen’ (Salinas type). These analyses suggested that both traits are controlled by a single locus in LG5. Genotyping of 51 commercial lettuce cultivars with a tightly linked marker (LG5_v8_252.743Mbp) at this locus showed an association between its genotype and the serrated leaf phenotype. By further fine mapping and transcriptome analysis, a gene encoding putative CIN-like TCP transcription factor was determined to be a candidate gene at this locus and was designated asLsTCP4. An insertion of retrotransposable element was found in the allele of ‘VI185’, and its transcript level in the leaves was lower than that in ‘ShinanoGreen’. Because shapes of leaf epidermal cells in ‘VI185’ were similar to those in the TCP family mutant ofArabidopsis thaliana, the leaf shape phenotype was likely caused by reduced expression ofLsTCP4. Furthermore, because it is known that the TCP family protein also controls flowering time via interaction with FT inA. thaliana, it was highly possible thatLsTCP4gave pleiotropic effects on both leaf shape and bolting time in lettuce.