bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cenozoic Exhumation of the Ailaoshan‐Red River Shear Zone: New Insights From Low‐Temperature Thermochronology
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Yuejun , Schoenbohm Lindsay M. , Zhang Peizhen , Zhang Bo , Sobel Edward R. , Zhou Renjie , Shi Xuhua , Zhang Jinjiang , Stockli Daniel F. , Guo Xiaofei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContinental‐scale shear zones play an important role in accommodating block extrusion and rotation as shown by deformation on the Ailaoshan‐Red River shear zone (ASRRSZ) in the SE Tibetan Plateau. This study presents 13 apatite (U‐Th)/He, 11 zircon (U‐Th)/He, and three apatite fission track dates, together with thermal modeling in the Ailaoshan and Xuelongshan segments (ALSZ and XLSZ) of the shear zone to investigate its Cenozoic exhumation history and mechanism, which are critical for understanding its tectonic and landscape evolution. Our results, combined with published chronologic data, reveal that shear zone rocks along the ALSZ experienced prominent and rapid cooling from high temperature (>500°C) to 120–60°C at a rate of 75–100°C/Myr during 29–17 Ma with northwestward younging onset. A second, lower magnitude accelerated cooling occurred at 14–10 Ma along the ALSZ at a rate of 20–30°C/Myr, with a later initiation on the XLSZ at ~5 Ma and continuing to present with a cooling rate of ~20°C/Myr. Thermal modeling reveals a single rapid cooling phase with a rate of 17–14°C/Myr in the Eocene to early Oligocene for samples outside the shear zones. These three fast cooling episodes are directly related to deformation stages including crustal shortening across the SE plateau, sinistral ductile shearing along the ASRRSZ, and dextral faulting with a dip‐slip component on the Red River and Weixi‐Qiaohou faults along the shear zone flanks. Furthermore, the northward migration of kinematic reversal and associated cooling along strike since the mid‐late Miocene likely reflects the northward advance of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis.
Improving Evapotranspiration Model Performance by Treating Energy Imbalance and Interaction
Authors: Wei Guoxiao , Zhou Linlin , Liu Hongjuan , Tian Qianglong , Ding Linkai , Ran Xinmin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInput uncertainty and deficiencies in the key elements of hydrologic models are fundamental challenges to improving model performance. Evapotranspiration (ET) models are sensitive to energy imbalance and energy interaction between the canopy and surface, and these errors can bias model simulation. This paper presents a Bayesian framework that accounts for energy imbalance and energy interaction uncertainty in calibration of the Shuttleworth‐Wallace (SW) model and discusses whether these efforts can improve the SW model performance. Specifically, the DiffeRential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) algorithm is used to analyze the energy imbalance error and energy interaction correction during SW model calibration, and Bayesian model evidence (BME) is used to scrutinize multiple hypotheses about alternative representations of energy. The results indicate that explicit treatment of the energy imbalance and conceptual corrections of the energy interaction significantly reduce the uncertainty of model parameters and provide energy corrections that are more appropriate and largely improve the SW model performance. Moreover, the optimal model selected by BME is mostly consistent with that evaluated using traditional statistical criteria (TSC) during a validation period. This result shows that the improved SW model also provides the best predictions, and thus consistent model selection should also be asymptotically efficient. The findings may allow improvement of ET model performance, and hence the accuracy of hydrologic and climatic simulations, toward fully understanding the key process underlying hydrologic and climatic variability and change over land.
Parent Engagement in an Integrated Care Parenting Intervention to Prevent Toxic Stress
Authors: Woods-Jaeger Briana , Thompson Julia E. , Foye-Fletcher Angelique , Siedlik Emily , Chakawa Ayanda , Dalbey Katie , Gupta Rupal C. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: This study assessed parent engagement and satisfaction with an evidence-based parenting intervention delivered within a pediatric primary care clinic serving families at-risk for toxic stress. Method: Ten pilot study parent participants (all female; 80% African American; mean age = 26.1 years) completed sociodemographic, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) history, depression, social support, and session satisfaction measures to assess parent characteristics and intervention satisfaction. Parent attendance was assessed and thematic analysis of session notes was conducted to assess parent engagement in intervention sessions. Results: Sixty percent of respondents had elevated ACE scores (Total Score ≥4), and 27% of respondents had elevated Edinburgh (Total Score ≥10). Attendance in intervention sessions was inconsistent. Thematic analysis indicated that parents demonstrated several engagement behaviors during sessions they attended, including sharing opinions/disclosing information and providing one’s point of view. Follow-through with activities recommended during intervention sessions was more likely when linked to parents’ personal strengths or concerns. Parents reported all session content as “helpful or “very helpful” and would recommend the program to others. Conclusions: Parents experiencing risk factors for toxic stress may face challenges in consistently attending integrated care parenting intervention sessions but engage in sessions they attend. Strategies for engaging parents at risk for toxic stress in a primary care-based parenting program include building from parent strengths, addressing identified parent concerns, offering proactive support including parent mental health promotion, and building trusting relationships. Implications for Impact Statement This is a small pilot study that assessed parent engagement in a parenting program connected to infant well-child visits. The intervention was designed to promote responsive caregiving by strengthening parents’ understanding of their infant’s behavior and supporting parents in responding to their child’s emotional and physical needs. The study found that building from parent strengths, responding to identified parent concerns, offering proactive support (including parent mental health referrals), and building trusting relationships may promote parent engagement.
Exploring Predictors of Treatment Engagement in Urban Integrated Primary Care
Authors: Mautone Jennifer A. , Cabello Beatriz , Egan Theresa E. , Rodrigues Nikita P. , Davis Molly , Figge Caleb J. , Sass Aliza Jaffe , Williamson Ariel A. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Integrated primary care (IPC) is intended to address the gap in access to behavioral health care. This may be particularly true in urban settings; however, there is a paucity of research on treatment engagement in urban IPC. This study explored factors associated with treatment engagement. Method: Data were collected via retrospective chart review for 410 patients of diverse backgrounds who received an IPC referral in an urban primary care site. Patient-related factors included having multiple types of referral concerns, patient primary care show rate, and number of visits with referring clinician. Service-related factors included referral type (warm handoff/electronic), number of days between referral and intake, and average number of days between IPC treatment sessions. Engagement outcomes included attendance at IPC intake, total IPC sessions attended, overall IPC show rate, and IPC treatment attrition. Results: Of referred patients, 348 (84.9%) were encouraged to or scheduled an intake. Of those, 289 (83.1%) scheduled and 57.2% attended; the average number of sessions attended was 1.73. Patients who had more primary care office visits and higher primary care show rates were more likely to attend an IPC intake. Shorter average duration between follow-up sessions was associated with higher overall IPC show rates for those who initiated IPC follow-up care. Conclusions: Supporting engagement in primary care broadly and building scheduling capacity for IPC treatment may increase IPC service engagement in an urban primary care context. Implications for Impact Statement Integrated primary care (IPC) is intended to address disparities in access to behavioral health care. The results demonstrate the importance of addressing barriers to attendance at urban primary care visits broadly, as patients with higher rates of attendance at primary care visits were more likely to engage in IPC services after referral.
Clinically adaptable polymer enables simultaneous spatial analysis of colonic tissues and biofilms
Authors: Macedonia Mary C. , Drewes Julia L. , Markham Nicholas O. , Simmons Alan J. , Roland Joseph T. , Vega Paige N. , Scurrah Cherie’ R. , Coffey Robert J. , Shrubsole Martha J. , Sears Cynthia L. , Lau Ken S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMicrobial influences on host cells depend upon the identities of the microbes, their spatial localization, and the responses they invoke on specific host cell populations. Multimodal analyses of both microbes and host cells in a spatially resolved fashion would enable studies into these complex interactions in native tissue environments, potentially in clinical specimens. While techniques to preserve each of the microbial and host cell compartments have been used to examine tissues and microbes separately, we endeavored to develop approaches to simultaneously analyze both compartments. Herein, we established an original method for mucus preservation using Poloxamer 407 (also known as Pluronic F-127), a thermoreversible polymer with mucus-adhesive characteristics. We demonstrate that this approach can preserve spatially-defined compartments of the mucus bi-layer in the colon and the bacterial communities within, compared with their marked absence when tissues were processed with traditional formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pipelines. Additionally, antigens for antibody staining of host cells were preserved and signal intensity for 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was enhanced in poloxamer-fixed samples. This in turn enabled us to integrate multimodal analysis using a modified multiplex immunofluorescence (MxIF) protocol. Importantly, we have formulated Poloxamer 407 to polymerize and cross-link at room temperature for use in clinical workflows. These results suggest that the fixative formulation of Poloxamer 407 can be integrated into biospecimen collection pipelines for simultaneous analysis of microbes and host cells.
Association of CNVs with methylation variation
Authors: Shi Xinghua , Radhakrishnan Saranya , Wen Jia , Chen Jin Yun , Chen Junjie , Lam Brianna Ashlyn , Mills Ryan E. , Stranger Barbara E. , Lee Charles , Setlur Sunita R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGermline copy number variants (CNVs) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) form the basis of inter-individual genetic variation. Although the phenotypic effects of SNPs have been extensively investigated, the effects of CNVs is relatively less understood. To better characterize mechanisms by which CNVs affect cellular phenotype, we tested their association with variable CpG methylation in a genome-wide manner. Using paired CNV and methylation data from the 1000 genomes and HapMap projects, we identified genome-wide associations by methylation quantitative trait locus (mQTL) analysis. We found individual CNVs being associated with methylation of multiple CpGs and vice versa. CNV-associated methylation changes were correlated with gene expression. CNV-mQTLs were enriched for regulatory regions, transcription factor-binding sites (TFBSs), and were involved in long-range physical interactions with associated CpGs. Some CNV-mQTLs were associated with methylation of imprinted genes. Several CNV-mQTLs and/or associated genes were among those previously reported by genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We demonstrate that germline CNVs in the genome are associated with CpG methylation. Our findings suggest that structural variation together with methylation may affect cellular phenotype.
Neural correlates of mindful emotion regulation in high and low ruminators
Authors: Rosenbaum David , Kroczek Agnes M. , Hudak Justin , Rubel Julian , Maier Moritz J. , Sorg Theresa , Weisbender Lucca , Goldau Lara , Mennin Douglas , Fresco David M. , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Ehlis Ann-Christine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDepressive rumination is considered a prominent risk factor for the occurrence, severity, and duration of depressive episodes. A variety of treatment options have been developed to treat depressive rumination of which mindfulness based programs are especially promising. In the current study, we investigated the neural underpinnings of a short mindfulness intervention and mindful emotion regulation in high and low trait ruminators in an ecologically valid environment using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Participants were randomly assigned to a mindfulness instruction (MT) group or an instructed thinking (IT) group. Participants in the MT group were trained to either focus their attention mindfully on their breath or their emotions, while the IT group focused their attention on the past or future. Afterwards, all participants underwent an emotion regulation paradigm in which they either watched negative or neutral movie clips. During both paradigms cortical hemodynamic changes were assessed by means of fNIRS. Participants in the MT group showed lower activity in the cognitive control network (CCN) during the focus on breath condition in comparison to the focus on emotion condition. Additionally, oxygenated hemoglobin in the MT group tended to be lower than in the IT group. Further, self-reports of emotional distress during the instruction paradigm were reduced in the MT group. During the emotion regulation paradigm, we observed reduced emotional reactivity in terms of emotional distress and avoidance in the MT group in comparison to the IT group. Furthermore, on a neural level, we observed higher CCN activity in the MT group in comparison to the IT group. We did not find any effect of rumination, neither on the intervention nor on the emotion regulation task. The results of this pilot study are discussed in light of the present literature on the neural correlates of mindfulness based interventions in rumination and emphasize the use of fNIRS to track neural changes in situ over the course of therapy.
Phenazine from Pseudomonas aeruginosa UPMP3 induced the host resistance in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)-Ganoderma boninense pathosystem
Authors: Parvin Waheeda , Govender Nisha , Othman Radziah , Jaafar Hawa , Rahman Mahbubur , Wong Mui-Yun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa developed its biocontrol agent property through the production of antifungal derivatives, with the phenazine among them. In this study, the applications of crude phenazine synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa UPMP3 and hexaconazole were comparatively evaluated for their effectiveness to suppress basal stem rot infection in artificially G. boninense-challenged oil palm seedlings. A glasshouse experiment under the randomized completely block design was set with the following treatments: non-inoculated seedlings, G. boninense inoculated seedlings, G. boninense inoculated seedlings with 1 mg/ml phenazine application, G. boninense inoculated seedlings with 2 mg/ml phenazine application and G. boninense inoculated seedlings with 0.048 mg/ml hexaconazole application. Seedlings were screened for disease parameters and plant vigour traits (plant height, plant fresh weight, root fresh, and dry weight, stem diameter, and total chlorophyll) at 1-to-4 month post-inoculation (mpi). The application of 2 mg/ml phenazine significantly reduced disease severity (DS) at 44% in comparison to fungicide application (DS = 67%). Plant vigour improved from 1 to 4 mpi and the rate of disease reduction in seedlings with phenazine application (2 mg/ml) was twofold greater than hexaconazole. At 4, 6 and 8 wpi, an up-regulation of chitinase and β-1,3 glucanase genes in seedlings treated with phenazine suggests the involvement of induced resistance in G. boninense-oil palm pathosystem.
Effect of fasting and feeding on apolipoprotein A-I kinetics in preβ1-HDL, α-HDL, and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins
Authors: Chétiveaux Maud , Croyal Mikaël , Ouguerram Khadija , Fall Fanta , Flet Laurent , Zair Yassine , Nobecourt Estelle , Krempf Michel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the kinetics of apolipoprotein (apo)A-I during fed and fasted states in humans, and to determine to what extent the intestine contributes to apoA-I production. A stable isotope study was conducted to determine the kinetics of apoA-I in preβ1 high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and α-HDL. Six healthy male subjects received a constant intravenous infusion of 2H3-leucine for 14 h. Subjects in the fed group also received small hourly meals. Blood samples were collected hourly during tracer infusion and then daily for 4 days. Tracer enrichments were measured by mass spectrometry and then fitted to a compartmental model using asymptotic plateau of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) apoB100 and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) apoB48 as estimates of hepatic and intestinal precursor pools, respectively. The clearance rate of preβ1-HDL-apoA-I was lower in fed individuals compared with fasted subjects (p < 0.05). No other differences in apoA-I production or clearance rates were observed between the groups. No significant correlation was observed between plasma apoC-III concentrations and apoA-I kinetic data. In contrast, HDL-apoC-III was inversely correlated with the conversion of α-HDL to preβ1-HDL. Total apoA-I synthesis was not significantly increased in fed subjects. Hepatic production was not significantly different between the fed group (17.17 ± 2.75 mg/kg/day) and the fasted group (18.67 ± 1.69 mg/kg/day). Increase in intestinal apoA-I secretion in fed subjects was 2.20 ± 0.61 mg/kg/day. The HDL-apoA-I kinetics were similar in the fasted and fed groups, with 13% of the total apoA-I originating from the intestine with feeding.
Coordinated analysis of exon and intron data reveals novel differential gene expression changes
Authors: Eghbalnia Hamid R. , Wilfinger William W. , Mackey Karol , Chomczynski Piotr 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRNA-Seq expression analysis currently relies primarily upon exon expression data. The recognized role of introns during translation, and the presence of substantial RNA-Seq counts attributable to introns, provide the rationale for the simultaneous consideration of both exon and intron data. We describe here a method for the coordinated analysis of exon and intron data by investigating their relationship within individual genes and across samples, while taking into account changes in both variability and expression level. This coordinated analysis of exon and intron data offers strong evidence for significant differences that distinguish the profiles of the exon-only expression data from the combined exon and intron data. One advantage of our proposed method, called matched change characterization for exons and introns (MEI), is its straightforward applicability to existing archived data using small modifications to standard RNA-Seq pipelines. Using MEI, we demonstrate that when data are examined for changes in variability across control and case conditions, novel differential changes can be detected. Notably, when MEI criteria were employed in the analysis of an archived data set involving polyarthritic subjects, the number of differentially expressed genes was expanded by sevenfold. More importantly, the observed changes in exon and intron variability with statistically significant false discovery rates could be traced to specific immune pathway gene networks. The application of MEI analysis provides a strategy for incorporating the significance of exon and intron variability and further developing the role of using both exons and intron sequencing counts in studies of gene regulatory processes.
The zinc transporter ZIP9 (Slc39a9) regulates zinc dynamics essential to egg activation in zebrafish
Authors: Converse Aubrey , Thomas Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe zinc transporter ZIP9 (SLC39A9) was recently characterized as a membrane androgen receptor in various teleost and mammalian cell models. ZIP9 shows the highest expression in ovaries of teleosts, a tissue in which both androgen signaling and zinc dynamics have significant roles. To examine the role of ZIP9 in ovarian physiology, we generated a ZIP9-mutant zebrafish strain using a CRISPR/Cas9 system. zip9-/- females showed significant reductions in fecundity, embryo viability, and growth of their offspring compared to wildtype (WT) fish. Furthermore, a high proportion of zip9-/- eggs failed to undergo normal chorion elevation during activation. In WT eggs, zinc was detected in cortically-localized vesicles which underwent exocytosis upon activation. zip9-/- eggs showed abnormal cortical vesicle development and had a significantly depressed activation-induced zinc release compared to WT eggs. Moreover, pharmacologically sustained elevation of zinc in WT eggs prior to activation resulted in abnormal chorion elevation similar to that observed in zip9-/- eggs. These results indicate that ZIP9 is essential for proper zinc modulation during zebrafish egg activation and presents the first evidence of zinc modulation during egg activation in a non-mammalian species.
Spontaneous microstates related to effects of low socioeconomic status on neuroticism
Authors: Guo Peifang , Cui Jinqi , Wang Yufeng , Zou Feng , Wu Xin , Zhang Meng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIndividuals with high neuroticism had the decreased control functions of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) over amygdala (emotion regions) and low socioeconomic status (SES) had negative effects on the functions of ACC. Based on these, we hypothesized that the decreased functions of ACC might make individuals with low SES had high level of neuroticism. According to the score of objective SES (OSES) and subjective SES (SSES) scales, subjects were divided into four groups (low SSES, high SSES, low OSES and high OSES) to investigate the roles of dynamic characteristics related to the ACC in the relationships between SES and neuroticism using resting-state EEG (RS-EEG) microstates analysis. It had been found that RS-EEG microstates can be divided into four types (MS1, MS2, MS3 and MS4) and the MS3 was related cingulo-opercular brain networks (including ACC and anterior insular). As our prediction, SSES had direct effects on neuroticism relative to OSES. Moreover, the neuroticism for low SSES was positively related to the occurrence and contribution of MS3, as well as the possibilities of transitions between MS3 and MS1. Based on these, we thought that low-SSES individuals might be more difficult to inhibit the negative emotions, especially inhibit the spontaneous thoughts related to these emotions.