bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventive strategy of palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic period: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis
Authors: Chung Ming-cheng , Tsai Pei-Yu , Hsu Jeng-Mei , Yang Chueh-Ko 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

SARS-CoV-2 led to the 2019 coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) and recently became a pandemic infection. COVID-19’s disease mortality rates range from 1% to above 5% across many countries and are still rising. Patients receiving palliative care are the most fragile patient group. Palliative care employees treat terminal patients in the hospital, and go into the community to conduct in-home palliative care service. Because palliative care medical staff need to work between the hospital and community every day, they have become a high-risk group for COVID-19 infection.
Methods

We need a comprehensive care strategy to avoid COVID-19 cross-infection, and protect patients, medical staff, and family members. We divided participants into hospital care and palliative home care to discuss the different strategies. We will use the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) to analyze preventive strategies.
Results

We formulated different strategies, mainly by grading and triage, to avoid contact with high-risk latent infections, and used cleaning, disinfection, and personal protective equipment to block possible transmission. Although strict preventive measures had strengths to stop community outbreaks, there are many threats to providing effective palliative care.
Conclusions

Facing the severe global COVID-19 epidemic, we must have strict strategies to protect our patient and medical staff. But we need to obtain balance between epidemic prevention and palliative care. Preventing the ill patients from feeling lonely or abandoned is also important.
A Molecular Survey and Phylogenetic Analysis of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Using Oral Fluid, Faeces and Serum
Authors: Plut Jan , Jamnikar-Ciglenecki Urska , Golinar-Oven Irena , Knific Tanja , Stukelj Marina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Porcine circovirus type 3 is the most recently discovered porcine circovirus, and an emerging pathogen. In this study the status of its presence on some Slovenian farms is reported. The effectiveness of the vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2 was assessed against porcine circovirus type 3.Group samples of oral fluid, faeces and individual serum samples were taken from six different pig categories and tested for presence of viral DNA, using both real time and conventional PCR. Positive samples were subjected to direct Sanger sequencing. Nucleotide sequences were analyzed and compared to GenBank PCV3 sequences.Results: Positive samples were sent for genome sequencing, which confirmed the presence of virus in all different pig categories on five farms. A high to moderate correlation of strong statistical significance was found between individual serum samples, oral fluid and faeces. Slovenian PCV3 was found to be distributed in a way similar to that of other countries. Slovenian PCV3 nt sequences are highly related, sharing more than 99.5 % nt identity. On one farm a commercially available vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2 was used on 3-week-old pigs. It did not affect the presence of porcine circovirus type 3 in oral fluid or sera of any of the seven age groups of pigs, each with two control groups.Conclusions: The results constitute the first discovery of the virus in Slovenia. Genome sequencing has revealed a high degree of similarity between Slovenian and GenBank isolates.
Finite element modeling of proximal femur with quantifiable weight-bearing area in standing position
Authors: Yang Peng , Lin Tian-Ye , Xu Jing-Li , Zeng Hui-Yu , Chen Da , Xiong Bing-Lang , Pang Feng-Xiang , Chen Zhen-Qiu , He Wei , Wei Qiu-Shi , Zhang Qinwen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The positional distribution and size of the weight-bearing area of femoral head in the standing position as well as the direct active surface of joint force can directly affect the result of finite element (FE) stress analysis.However,the division of this area was vague, imprecise and un-individualized in most studies related separate FE models of femur. The purpose of this study was to quantify the positional distribution and size of the weight-bearing area of femoral head in standing position by a set of simple methods, to realize individualized reconstruction of proximal femur FE model.
Methods
Five adult volunteers were recruited for X-ray and CT examination in the same simulated bipedal standing position with a specialized patented device. We extracted these image data, calculated the 2D weight-bearing area on X-ray image, reconstructed the 3D model of proximal femur based on CT data, and registered them to realize the 2D weight-bearing area to 3D transformation as the quantified weight-bearing surface. One of the 3D models of proximal femur was randomly selected for finite element analysis (FEA), and we defined three different loading surfaces, and compared their FEA results.
Results
A total of 10 weight-bearing surfaces in 5 volunteers were constructed, they were mainly distributed on the dome and anterolateral of femoral head with crescent shape, in the range of 1,218.63mm2 − 1,871.06mm2. The results of FEA showed stress magnitude and distribution in proximal femur FE models among three different loading conditions were significant differences, the loading case with quantized weight-bearing area was more in accordance with the physical phenomenon of the hip.
Conclusion
This study confirmed an effective FE modeling method of proximal femur, which can quantify weight-bearing area to define more reasonable load surface setting without increasing the actual modeling difficulty.
Silencing VEGF enhances the radiosensitivity of the radioresistant human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2R by inhibiting autophagy through the activation of mTOR pathway
Authors: Chen Li , Lin Guoxiang , Chen Kaihua , Wan Fangzhu , Sun Yongchu , Liang Renba , Chen Xishan , Zhu Xiaodong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important pro-angiogenic factor. VEGF was reported to promote the occurrence of autophagy, which enhanced to the radioresistance of tumors. The purpose of our study was to investigate the influence of VEGF silencing on the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma radioresistant cell line CNE-2R and the underlying mechanisms.Methods: The radiosensitivity of CNE-2R cells after silencing VEGF was detected by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and clonogenic assay, cell cycle and apoptosis was subjected to flow cytometry. DNA damage and autophagy were observed by immunofluorescence and western blotting. The interaction between VEGF and mTOR was confirmed by western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation analysis. In vivo, the effect of VEGF on radiosensitivity of NPC cells was investigated through xenograft model, furthermore, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay were used to further verify the relationship between autophagy and radiosensitivity in NPC after VEGF depletion.Results: Downregulation of VEGF significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of CNE-2R cells after radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo. In addition, VEGF knockdown not only decreased autophagy level, but also delayed the DNA damage repair in CNE-2R cells after irradiation. Mechanistically, silencing VEGF suppressed autophagy through the activation of mTOR pathway.Conclusion: VEGF depletion increased radiosensitivity of NPC radioresistant cell CNE-2R by suppressing autophagy via the activation of mTOR pathway.
Meta-analysis of risk factors associated with suicidal ideation after stroke: A focus on Asian populations
Authors: zhang Shuang Mei , Qiu Zhao yang , Zhu Wei feng , Wang An rong , zhang zhaoxu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Over the past decade, increasing attention has been paid on post-stroke suicide (PSS), which is one of complications of stroke. The rates of stroke and suicide are relatively high, especially in Asian populations. Thus, a deeper understanding of the prevalence and epidemiological impact of suicide after stroke is urgently needed. Clinical diagnosis and prevention of PSS are at the incipient stage, but the risk factors responsible for the occurrence of PSS in different regions and stages of the disease remain largely unknown. The present meta-analysis aimed to determine the incidence of PSS at different stages and time courses, and to identify the underlying risk factors for PSS.
Methods

We systematically searched the Cochrane library, Embase, PubMed,CNKI and Web of Science databases from their inception until April 2019. The research articles reporting on the risk factor for PSS were screened and included in the meta-analysis. The data from the included studies were extracted according to the predefined criteria.
Results

A total of 12 studies (n = 2693036) were included for meta-analyses. Of these studies, 7 reported suicide prevalence were meta-analyzed. The pooled estimate of suicidal ideation rates after stroke was 12%, which could be influenced by multiple risk factors, including men, smoking, depression, sleep disorders, previous stroke and low household income. Studies conducted in Asia demonstrated higher suicide prevalence (approximately 15%) compared to other regions. Smoking, alcohol consumption, low family income, depression, heart disease and sleep disorders were the important risk factors for the pathogenesis of suicide after stroke. When compared to PSS more than one year, the incidence of suicide within one year after stroke was more likely to be statistically significant. It was found that 4 out of every 1,000 stroke survivors tended to commit suicide. The results of this meta-analysis showed that depression (OR = 2.32; p < 0.01) was significantly associated with suicidal ideation, regardless of stroke duration.
Conclusion

Despite some limitations, we successfully identified the prevalence of PSS in Asian populations and the underlying risk factors. Based on the results of this meta-analysis, 4 out of every 1,000 stroke survivors committed suicide and the individuals with suicidal ideation tended to suicide within one year after stroke. Notably, depression was significantly associated with suicidal ideation, regardless of stroke duration. In addition, stroke survivors with low household income had nearly double the risk of suicidal ideation, especially in Asian populations. Hence, targeting the identified risk factors may be helpful to improve stroke patient care and prevent suicidal ideation after stroke.(Registration No. CRD42019128813).
Systematic identification of drug-based prognostic biomarkersby integrating multiomics in breast cancer
Authors: Zhao Hongying , Yu Lei , Ping Yanyan , Lin Shihua , Zhang Caiyu , Xu Haotian , Li Tengyue , Huang Waidong , Lei Junjie , Leng Zhijun , Li Jing , Ning Shangwei , Wang Li 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Drug repositioning plays an important role in the current drug research and development field, as the high cost and long period required to bring drugs into commerce are driving efforts to repurpose drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for new uses.
Methods

Here, we used breast cancer as a disease model and systematically proposed a new strategy based on multidimensional omics data (e.g., mRNA expression, DNA methylation, DNA copy number, and mutational profiles) to reconstruct the human functional linkage network. In addition, it was used to systematically interpret the functional relationship between human genes and to establish a measure of the relationship between drugs and diseases to reset drugs and achieve drug-based prognostic biomarkers.
Results

We found that differentially expressed genes driven by DNA methylation, DNA copy number, and somatic mutation were significantly enriched in cancer-related biological pathways and functions. Survival analysis showed that multiomics-driven target genes were repositioned, which significantly distinguished between high-risk and low-risk groups in breast cancer patients, such as the methylation-driven gene glycoprotein M6B (P = 0.00141), copy number-driven gene acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1 (P = 0.0582), mutation-driven gene minichromosome maintenance 10 replication initiation factor(P = 0.0303), and multiomics synergy driven gene catechol-O-methyltransferase domain containing 1 (P = 0.0071).
Conclusions

Our approach provides a basis for identifying novel candidate drug and drug-based prognostic biomarkers.
A Novel Immune-related Competing Endogenous RNA Network Predicts Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Wang Shujuan , Yang Lu , Liu Yajun , Xu Yan , Zhang Danfeng , Jiang Zhongxing , Wang Chong , Liu Yanfang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia is a genetically, biologically and clinically heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy that is highly dependent on the bone marrow microenvironment. Infiltrated immune cells and stromal cells are an important part of the bone marrow microenvironment and significantly affect the progression of acute myeloid leukemia. Recently, the competing endogenous RNA hypothesis has gained great interests in the study of molecular and biological mechanisms of tumor occurrence and progression. However, research on how competing endogenous RNA relates to leukemia tumor microenvironment remains uninvestigated.Methods In this study, mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA data and clinical information of the acute myeloid leukemia cohort were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and the immune and stromal scores were calculated using the ESTIMATE algorithm.Results We found that immune scores were significantly correlated with cytogenetic risk and overall survival, and also identified microenvironment-related mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs based on the immune and stromal scores. Differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs were applied to weighted correlation network analysis to identify the modules most relevant to the immune microenvironment of acute myeloid leukemia. Using miRNA database to predict miRNA-targeted genes, we established the immune-related competing endogenous RNA network consisting of 33 lncRNAs, 21 miRNAs and 135 mRNAs. Prognostic analysis was performed on the genes in the immune-related competing endogenous RNA network to screen out 15 lncRNAs, 2 miRNAs and 31 mRNAs with prognostic values.Conclusions In summary, we identified a novel immune-related mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA competing endogenous RNA network associated with the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia, which may contribute to better understanding of the development and progression of acute myeloid leukemia and to serve as novel therapeutic targets.
The Fermented Soy Beverage Q-CAN® Plus Induces Beneficial Changes in the Oral and Intestinal Microbiome
Authors: Dioletis Evangelos , Paiva Ricardo , Kaffe Eleanna , Secor Eric R. , Weiss Theresa R. , Fields Maxine R. , Ouyang Xinshou , Ali Ather 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Q-CAN® Plus is a pasteurized soy fermented product rich in isoflavones that has been used for over 30 years to aid in recovery from a wide range of conditions.
Objectives
To identify the changes in the oral and fecal microbiome in lean and obese subjects due to consumption of Q-CAN®, and to assess the expected consequences of these changes based on the published literature.
Methods
Prospective study of lean (10) and obese (9) subjects consuming Q-CAN® twice daily for 4 weeks with 8 weeks follow-up. Microbial DNA was extracted from saliva and stool samples, amplified against the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and data analyzed using QIIME 1.9.1 bioinformatics. 440 samples were collected in total, 424 of which were productive and yielded good quality data.
Results
STOOL. In the lean population Bifidobacteria and Blautia show a significant increase while taking Q-CAN®, and there was a trend for this in the obese population. ORAL. There were relatively fewer major changes in the oral microbiome with an increase in the family Veillonellaceae in the lean population while on Q-CAN®.
Conclusion
Q-CAN® consumption induced a number of significant changes in the fecal and oral microbiome. Most notably an increase in the stool microbiome of Bifidobacteria and Blautia, both of which are associated with positive health benefits, and in the saliva an increase in Veillonellaceae.
Analysis of the effects of clinical features, initial imaging findings and the number of days that nucleic acids turned negative: 201 cases of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Xing Fen , Zhang Jing , Wang Bing , Cheng Jingyun , Xie Baojun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 had spread quickly among the population and it has caused considerable morbidity and mortality in more than 200 countries worldwide, which became a public health emergency of international concern. This study was to investigate whether some clinical features, laboratory tests and imaging findings at the initial diagnosis of COVID-19 infection affect the number of days that nucleic acids turned negative (Dnegative) during hospitalization.Methods: The Mann-Whitney U test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the difference in Dnegative between clinical features, laboratory tests and imaging findings. ANOVA was also applied to differentiate between the age, Dnegative, and imaging findings among different clinical types. Multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis was used to quantify the effect of clinical characteristics, imaging findings and Dnegative, and establish regression equation.Results: The Dnegative of COVID-19 patients who had comorbidity was significantly larger than that of those without (33.35 ± 14.63, 27.79 ± 12.89, P = 0.007). Common patients were younger than severe and critically severe patients (P <0.001, P = 0.003). As compared to common patients, severe patients had larger Dnegative (P <0.001), and the ratio of ground-glass opacity (RGGO), consolidation (RC), and the sum of GGO and consolidation (RSUM) of lesions on chest CT increased significantly (all P <0.001). The MLR analysis equation was y (Dnegative)= 22.35 + 0.36 × RSUM.Conclusions: The severe COVID-19 patients were older than common patients, and their Dnegative were larger as well. The chest CT findings at initial diagnosis (including RGGO, RC, and RSUM) could be used to differentially diagnose the common and severe patients, and had certain potential ability in predicting Dnegative.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered.
The architecture and structure of alpaca skin (Vicugna pacos): impacts on industry and wool trade
Authors: Sasahara Tais Harumi de Castro , McManus Concepta Margaret , Neira Luciana Milagros Durand , Borghesi Jessica , Kato Marcella , Colletto Alice Del , Carreira Ana Claudia Oliveira , Gomes Silvio Pires , Chiarello Guilherme , Miglino Maria Angelica 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Alpacas are reared mainly for fiber extraction, which is a highly valued product in the textile industry. For this reason, this work aims to evaluate the morphological and quantitative aspects of the light and dark alpaca skin of Huacaya and Suri alpacas, comparing the structure and architecture of the scapular, costal and lateral femoral skin. Biopsies were collected from the skin of 12 alpacas from the Pacomarca Experimental Fund, located at Puno - Peru. The samples were weighed and fixed in 10% aqueous formalin solution for histological procedures. The histological sections were stained with Hematoxylin eosin, Picrossirius red and Masson Trichromic and immunostained for types I, III and IV collagen and S100.Results: The derma presented sebaceous and sweat glands, as well as follicular groups with primary and secondary hair follicles. Each follicle had a hair called fiber, some with medulla and some without, but both surrounded by cortex and cuticle. The skin presented similar immunostaining for type I, II and IV and S100. Collagen III was detected only in the derma. The total volume of the skin, derma, follicular groups and sebaceous and sweat glands was estimated by stereology for the three body regions for both Huacaya and Suri alpacas. The total volume of skin (Vref) and total volume of follicular groups (VGF) were different for body regions. Femoral region showed higher values for VGF. Colour and breed were also different for Vref and total volume of derma (VD).Conclusion: Comparing the two breeds the femoral region presented higher fiber production. Dark animals had more derma and it was reported close relationship between total skin volume and their fractions volumes: derma, follicular groups and sweat glands.
The return of chloroquine susceptible Plasmodium falciparum in Sub-Saharan Africa: a protocol for systematic review
Authors: Bwire George M , Mutagonda Ritah , Tindamanyile Amisa , Mwakyandile Tosi , Njiro Belinda Jackson , Sabas Deodatus 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Following withdrawal and/or restricted use of chloroquine (CQ) as first line malaria treatment in many countries, studies have reported an increased number of CQ susceptible Plasmodium falciparum in several countries with subsequent dropping of CQ resistance. Since the future of malaria control and elimination is still uncertain with rising resistance in currently available antimalarials such as artemisinin based combination therapy (ACT), a review on current resistance profile of CQ in P. falciparum is of paramount importance.Methods: A systematic search in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE central, Google Scholar and Web of science will be done. We will consult thesis repositories to identify additional studies and search the websites of key healthcare organizations (World Health Organization (WHO), public health agencies). Similarly, a grey literature search will be done with help of Google. Data from 2000 and onwards published in English will be included and the reporting will be done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P).Discussion: This article provides a detailed account of this systematic review protocol that will be used to report the current status of CQ resistance in P. falciparum following its restricted use and/ or withdrawal as the first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Mutations in P. falciparum chloroquine transporter (pfcrt) gene and P. falciparum multidrug resistance (pfmdr1) gene, predict the clinical outcomes following treatment using CQ. On the other hand, countries with restricted use of CQ observed CQ-susceptible P. falciparum reemergence and are now predominant. Subject to its susceptibility profile that will be generated from this review, CQ may still be considered for malaria prevention in some population groups such as children with sickle cell disease and pregnant women. Additionally, CQ may be reintroduced in future, ideally in combination with other antimalarial drugs, especially in areas where disappearance of chloroquine resistance is evident while safe and affordable alternatives antimalarials are limited.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42020154844