bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full-scale Experimental study on the suppression effect of water sprinkler system on energy saving building fire
Authors: Gui J , Wang D , Jiang Y Q , Zheng Y , Ye K , Huang D Y , Yang L Z 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In an energy saving building fire, the high temperature and pressure of the indoor smoke or flame break the window glass, and even forms ejecting fire that the flame spills out of the window. It is extremely dangers that the ejecting fire flame to the upper floor might contribute to the unpredicted hazard of the fire in energy saving building with amounts of insulation material. Therefore, the aim of this paper is proposing a method of protecting external windows based on the water sprinkler system. The system can suppress the spread of fire on the facade of the building, and prevent the formation of three-dimensional combustion of the building. This paper design and carried the two groups full-scale experiments to check the suppression effect of water spray system on the glass of the window under the different heat release rate (HRR) and thermal radiation from the fire. The conclusions describe the thermal radiation attenuation characteristics and temperature attenuation characteristics inside and outside the window. Consequently, we find that the sprinkler system can effectively protect the integrity of the glass and control the outdoor temperature within a safe range under the conditions of fire source power of 0.6 MW, 1.5 MW, and 3 MW. After the sprinkler system was turned on, the outdoor heat flux density rapidly decreased from a peak of 197 W/m2 and stabilized at 80 W/m2, which was 59% lower than the peak value. The research provides the deep insight into the temperature suppression phenomenon under the spray, and the protection method of ejecting fire for the external window is helpful to reduce the possibility of flashover in the indoor spray coverage. Due to the large range of heat release rates set in this paper, the experimental results provide a data reference for the fire protection design of future energy saving buildings.
The role of biomass in meeting the Paris agreement
Authors: Moreira J R , Pacca S A , Goldemberg J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recent energy scenarios, dealing with Climate Change mitigation with the purpose to limit warming up to 2°C or less by 2100, report high biomass energy participation in the primary global energy portfolio. By 2017, global biomass contributed with 52.3 EJ and average annual growth rate, in the last four yrs was 2.23%. However, the recent bioenergy growth rate must increase to meet CO2 concentration pathways aligned with the mitigation scenarios. This paper describes a bioenergy deployment strategy, based on liquid fuel and electricity joint production from sugar cane used for light duty vehicles. The pathway relies on 1st generation ethanol production, and steam power cogeneration from sugar cane waste supplemented by planted forest. Both technologies are commercial, and when used in conjunction with Biomass Energy Capture and Storage (BECCS) from sugar fermentation CO2, reach negative CO2e emissions. This yields a significant volume of GHGs abatement to contribute for the Paris Agreement. Exploring an area of 80 million hectares, from which 60 Mha is dedicated for sugar cane and 20 Mha for fast growing trees, it is possible to move a fleet of 1 billion plug-in hybrid light duty vehicles through the combination of ethanol and bioelectricity. The cost of ethanol and bioelectricity to consumers is lower than the cost of gasoline used in conventional cars and the net balance of GHGs emissions is lower than for electric vehicles.
Characteristic Analysis of Partial Discharge of Free Metal Particle in GIS
Authors: Shi W , Yang Z L , Chen H X , Lu Z W , Wang D , Xin W F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Free metal particle is one of the main defects affecting the safe and stable operation of GIS equipment. In order to further analyze the characteristics of partial discharge produced by metal particles, an independent sealed test model which can simulate real defects is designed in this paper. By adjusting applied voltage, particle size and number of particles, PRPD and n-φ pattern of partial discharge caused by particle defects are characterized. Analysis of the causes of formation of features, especially in the light of particle motion patterns, the transfer and neutralization of charges carried by particles at various stages are elaborated, which provides a reference for the follow-up research and field detection work.
Photovoltaic performance of one axis multiple-position sun-tracked PV panels
Authors: Chen Y B , Tang J J , Li G H , Yu Y M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this article, the photovoltaic performance of one-axis multiple-positions sun-tracked photovoltaic panels (MP-PV) is investigated based on solar geometry and dependence of photovoltaic conversion efficiency on the incident angle (IA) of solar rays on PV panels. For such PV system, the azimuth angle (AZA) of PV panels is daily adjusted several times (M) from eastward in the morning to westward in the afternoon by rotating PV panels about inclined north-south axis (INSA) to ensure the projected incident angle (PIA) of solar rays on the plane perpendicular to INSA is always less than the specified angle θa
. Results show that, the annual electricity generation (AEG) of MP-PV increases with the increase of M, but such increase is not noticeable when M>5. For MP-PV with the tilt-angle (β) of INSA being yearly fixed (1T-MP-PV), the optimal θa
of 3P-,5P- and 7P-PV for maximizing AEG are respectively 24°, 15° and 11.5°, and their AEGs are respectively about 92%, 94% and 95% of that from similar 2-axis tracked PV panels (2A-PV). Whereas for MP-PV with the β being yearly adjusted four times at three tilts (3T-MP-PV), the optimal θa
of 3P-, 5P- and 7P-PV are respectively about 22.5°, 14.5° and 11°, and the Pa are respectively about 96%, 98% and 99% of that of similar 2A-PV systems.
An Inquisition of Envelope Fabric for Building Energy Performance Using Prominent BIM-BPS Tools—A Case Study in Sub-Tropical Climate
Authors: Uddin M N , Wei H H , Chi H L , Ni M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Energy efficient building is enhancing a worldwide movement as a policy to lessen the carbon footprint. With the intention of zero energy building in sub-tropical climates, exertion should be placed to minimize the overall energy usage to the greatest scope by incorporating apposite construction skills into the whole design process. Suitable building envelope resources is one of the most effective ways to manage energy flows, minimize energy loss, and maintain a comfortable environment for occupants. In the present paper, a conventional building (Educational) in Hong Kong is considered and the goal is to identify and prioritize the potential energy saving opportunities through the implications of multiple envelopes (walls, windows, etc.) fabric using dynamic BIM-BPS process for potential retrofitting. A conceptual framework is proposed for comprehensive energy assessment using BIM (e.g. Revit 2019) and BPS tools (e.g. e-QUEST) to simulate the energy performance of the building. Using a calibrated model, several high performances envelop fabric are considered to perform a parametric investigation (e.g. walls, windows) through active simulation process. In order to achieve more realistic conditioning, an assumed occupancy profile also considered during the energy analysis. Results have shown that a significant saving of 11.45% in yearly entailed total building energy. The study can help with the decision-making analysis regarding future retrofitting opportunities in a sub-tropical climate.
Dual-mechanistic antibody-drug conjugate via site-specific selenocysteine/cysteine conjugation
Authors: Nilchan Napon , Li Xiuling , Pedzisa Lee , Nanna Alex R , Roush William R , Rader Christoph 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
While all clinically translated antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) contain a single-drug payload, most systemic cancer chemotherapies involve use of a combination of drugs. These regimens improve treatment outcomes and slow development of drug resistance. We here report the generation of an ADC with a dual-drug payload that combines two distinct mechanisms of action.

Methods
Virtual DNA crosslinking agent PNU-159682 and tubulin polymerization inhibitor monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF) were conjugated to a HER2-targeting antibody via site-specific conjugation at engineered selenocysteine and cysteine residues (thio-selenomab).

Results
The dual-drug ADC showed selective and potent cytotoxicity against HER2-expressing cell lines and exhibited dual mechanisms of action consistent with the attached drugs. While PNU-159682 caused S-phase cell cycle arrest due to its DNA-damaging activity, MMAF simultaneously inhibited tubulin polymerization and caused G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest.

Conclusion
The thio-selenomab platform enables the assembly of dual-drug ADCs with two distinct mechanisms of action.
ImSpectR: R package to quantify immune repertoire diversity in spectratype and repertoire sequencing data
Authors: Cordes Martijn , Pike-Overzet Karin , van Eggermond Marja , Vloemans Sandra , Baert Miranda R , Garcia-Perez Laura , Staal Frank J T , Reinders Marcel J T , van den Akker Erik B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Summary
An effective immune system is characterized by a diverse immune repertoire. There is a strong demand for accurate and quantitative methods to assess the diversity of the immune repertoire for various (pre-)clinical applications, including the diagnosis and prognosis of primary immune deficiencies, or to assess the response to therapy. Current strategies for immune diversity assessment generally comprise the visual inspection of the length distribution of rearranged T- and B-cell receptors. Visual inspections, however, are prone to subjective assessments and thus lead to biases. Here, we introduce ImSpectR, a unified approach to quantify immunodiversity using either spectratype, repertoire sequencing or single cell RNA sequencing data. ImSpectR scores various types of deviations from the expected length distribution and integrates these into one measure, allowing for robust quantitative comparisons of immune diversity across individuals or conditions.

Availability and implementation
R-package is available for download on GitHub at https://github.com/martijn-cordes/ImSpectR.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Hierarchical Action Encoding Within the Human Brain
Authors: Turella Luca , Rumiati Raffaella , Lingnau Angelika 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHumans are able to interact with objects with extreme flexibility. To achieve this ability, the brain does not only control specific muscular patterns, but it also needs to represent the abstract goal of an action, irrespective of its implementation. It is debated, however, how abstract action goals are implemented in the brain. To address this question, we used multivariate pattern analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Human participants performed grasping actions (precision grip, whole hand grip) with two different wrist orientations (canonical, rotated), using either the left or right hand. This design permitted to investigate a hierarchical organization consisting of three levels of abstraction: 1) “concrete action” encoding; 2) “effector-dependent goal” encoding (invariant to wrist orientation); and 3) “effector-independent goal” encoding (invariant to effector and wrist orientation). We found that motor cortices hosted joint encoding of concrete actions and of effector-dependent goals, while the parietal lobe housed a convergence of all three representations, comprising action goals within and across effectors. The left lateral occipito-temporal cortex showed effector-independent goal encoding, but no convergence across the three levels of representation. Our results support a hierarchical organization of action encoding, shedding light on the neural substrates supporting the extraordinary flexibility of human hand behavior.
Quantifying the Burden of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection With Long-term Sequelae in Subsequent Pregnancies of Women Seronegative at Their First Pregnancy
Authors: Leruez-Ville Marianne , Guilleminot Tiffany , Stirnemann Julien , Salomon Laurent J , Spaggiari Emmanuel , Faure-Bardon Valentine , Magny Jean-Francois , Ville Yves 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
In women seronegative before pregnancy, congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV)-related sequelae are exclusively seen in those infected in the first trimester of pregnancy. Following a maternal primary infection in the first trimester, up to 30% of infected neonates suffer long-term sequelae. Maternal parity is an established risk factor of cCMV in previously seronegative women. Our objective was to quantify, in a population of women seronegative at their first pregnancy, the risk of cCMV and related sequelae following primary infections in the first trimester in subsequent pregnancies.

Methods
There were 739 women seronegative at their first pregnancy who had at least 1 of 971 subsequent pregnancies and deliveries managed at our institution. All women had CMV immunoglobin (Ig) G and IgM testing at 11–14 weeks of each pregnancy.

Results
Between 2 consecutive pregnancies, 15.6% (115/739) of women seroconverted. Of these seroconversions, 29% (33/115) occurred in the periconceptional period or in the first trimester. The risks for cCMV and related sequelae (neurologic and/or hearing loss) following a maternal infection in the first trimester were, respectively, 24- and 6-fold higher (risk ratios, 24 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 10.8–62.3] and 6 [95% CI 1.5–24], respectively) than in the general pregnant population. Of all primary maternal infections and fetal infections in the first trimester, 88% (29/33) and 92% (11/12), respectively, occurred when the inter-pregnancy interval was ≤2 years.

Conclusions
Women seronegative at their first pregnancy with a subsequent pregnancy within 2 years have the highest risk of delivering a child with cCMV-related sequelae. These women should be made aware of the risk and given the opportunity of serology screening in the first trimester.
On the ‘utilisation controversy’: a rejoinder and some comments
Authors: Nikiforos Michalis 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The conclusions of Gahn and González (2019) are weak for the following reasons: (i) The Federal Reserve Board (FRB) measure of utilisation is not appropriate for measuring long-run variations of utilisation because of the method and the purpose of its construction. Even if its difference with the measures of the average workweek of capital (AWW) was trivial, this would still be the case; if anything, it would show that the AWW is also an inappropriate measure. (ii) Gahn and González choose to ignore the longest available estimate of the AWW produced by Foss, which has a clear long-run trend. (iii) Their econometric results are not robust to more suitable specifications of the unit root tests. Under these specifications, the tests overwhelmingly fail to reject the unit root hypothesis. (iv) Other estimates of the AWW, which were not included in Nikiforos (2016) confirm these conclusions. (v) For the comparison between the AWW series and the Federal Reserve series, they construct variables that are not meaningful, because they subtract series in different units. When the comparison is done correctly, the results confirm that the difference between the AWW series and the FRB series has a unit root. (vi) Stationary utilisation rate is not consistent with any theory for the determination of capacity utilisation. Even if demand did not play a role, there is no reason to expect that all the other factors that determine utilisation would change in a fashion that would keep utilisation constant.
Anti-LRP2 nephropathy with concurrent kidney infiltration by lymphoma
Authors: Gamayo Ashley , Hecox Douglas , Dicker Lance , Vecchiarelli Lisa , Raess Philipp W , Khalighi Mazdak , Andeen Nicole K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Anti-low-density lipoprotein receptor-related lipoprotein 2 (LRP2) nephropathy/anti-brush border antibody disease is rare and characterized by tubular basement membrane, Bowman’s capsule and glomerular subepithelial immune deposits on kidney biopsy. No reported cases have occurred in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders or monoclonal gammopathies. We present two cases of anti-LRP2 nephropathy that occurred in patients with progressive low-grade B-cell lymphoma and had concurrent kidney infiltration by lymphoma on biopsy. We speculate that underlying immune dysregulation related to lymphoma may contribute to the development of this rare autoimmune kidney disease in some patients.
Mantle thermal structure at northern Mid–Atlantic ridge from improved numerical methods and boundary conditions
Authors: Cuffaro Marco , Miglio Edie , Penati Mattia , Viganò Marco 
Published: October 2019

Summary
We computed mantle flow and thermal structure beneath a segment of the northern Mid-Atlantic ridge using numerical simulations adopting asymmetric spreading and ridge migration as boundary conditions. The objective is to obtain new insights on mantle processes acting at this ridge segment. We explored different lateral boundary conditions based on velocity, stress and stress-velocity constraints highlighting differences in the depth of the thermal base of the lithosphere versus domain width. Here, we propose a new formulation of lateral and bottom boundary conditions based on the choice of a proper tangential stress at the bottom and on lateral boundaries of the domain accounting for ridge migration. Moreover, dimensional analysis of governing equations suggests that heat generation due to work of the viscous forces cannot be neglected in the computations. Therefore, we included this thermal contribution into the numerical experiments providing an application to the northern Mid-Atlantic ridge at the reference latitude of 43 ○N. Results are compared with available geophysical data in the area, including also mantle tomography models. Asymmetric spreading and ridge migration in numerical modelling account for an asymmetric accretion of the oceanic lithosphere, supporting the evidence of the asymmetries described by geophysical data across the northern Mid-Atlantic ridge segments.
The role of intangible human capital in innovation diversification: linking behavioral competencies with different types of innovation
Authors: Bonesso Sara , Gerli Fabrizio , Pizzi Claudio , Boyatzis Richard Eleftherios 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article advances the literature that has recently drawn attention to the intangible elements of human capital for innovation, investigating the relationship between behavioral competencies and the ability to attain different types of innovation, namely product, process, marketing, and organizational. Through a study of a sample of managers performing key roles in the innovation process within the luxury high-fashion footwear industry in the Italian context, we found that the ability to attain diversification of innovation depends on the use of a broad portfolio of behavioral competencies. Adopting a multimethod analysis, we also open the black box of the relationship between innovation typology and behavioral competencies, demonstrating how different combinations of competencies explain the achievement of particular types of innovation. Managerial insights on how to improve the innovation capacity of managers in the workplace are provided.
An in vitro comparison of internally versus externally mounted leaflets in surgical aortic bioprostheses
Authors: Vriesendorp Michiel D , de Lind van Wijngaarden Rob A F , Rao Vivek , Moront Michael G , Patel Himanshu J , Sarnowski Edward , Vatanpour Sepehr , Klautz Robert J M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To improve haemodynamic performance, design modifications of prosthetic valves have been proposed with each new generation of valves. These different designs also impact the amount of mechanical wear, because mechanical stresses are distributed differently. Because long-term evidence for new prosthetic valves is lacking, this in vitro study compared hydrodynamic performance and durability among 3 currently available bioprosthetic valves with internally (IMLV) or externally mounted leaflets (EMLV).

METHODS
Prostheses of the internally mounted Medtronic Avalus and Carpentier-Edwards Perimount Magna Ease valves were compared to prostheses of the externally mounted Abbott Trifecta valve. For each labelled size (e.g. 19, 21 and 23) of the 3 types, 3 valves underwent accelerated wear testing for up to 600 million cycles, corresponding to ∼15 years of simulated wear. The valves underwent hydrodynamic testing and visual inspection.

RESULTS
EMLV had the largest effective orifice area and lowest pressure gradient for each labelled size at baseline and 600 million cycles; the effective orifice area and the pressure gradient were equivalent for the 2 types of IMLV. Five of 9 EMLVs had at least 1 hole or tear in the leaflet tissue around the stent posts, which resulted in severe regurgitation at 500 million cycles in 2 cases. All IMLVs were intact at 600 million cycles with minimal tissue wear.

CONCLUSIONS
EMLV showed superior hydrodynamic performance but inferior mechanical durability compared to IMLV after 600 million cycles of testing. The primary failures were because of significant mechanical abrasion in the commissural region, which may warrant close monitoring of EMLV during long-term follow-up.
Minority Gene Expression Profiling: Probing the Genetic Signatures of Pathogenesis Using Ribosome Profiling
Authors: Vila-Sanjurjo Antón , Juarez Diana , Loyola Steev , Torres Michael , Leguia Mariana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMinority Gene Expression Profiling (MGEP) refers to a scenario where the expression profiles of specific genes of interest are concentrated in a small cellular pool that is embedded within a larger, non-expressive pool. An example of this is the analysis of disease-related genes within sub-populations of blood or biopsied tissues. These systems are characterized by low signal-to-noise ratios that make it difficult, if not impossible, to uncover the desired signatures of pathogenesis in the absence of lengthy, and often problematic, technical manipulations. We have adapted ribosome profiling (RP) workflows from the Illumina to the Ion Proton platform and used them to analyze signatures of pathogenesis in an MGEP model system consisting of human cells eliciting &lt;3% productive dengue infection. We find that RP is powerful enough to identify relevant responses of differentially expressed genes, even in the presence of significant noise. We discuss how to deal with sources of unwanted variation, and propose ways to further improve this powerful approach to the study of pathogenic signatures within MGEP systems.