bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Isolation and Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-National Analysis
Authors: Kim Harris Hyun-soo , Jung Jong Hyun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in social isolation globally, creating heightened levels of stress and anxiety. This study investigates the link between social isolation and mental well-being in later life, and how it varies across countries.

Research Design and Methods
We draw on a subset of older adults from Global Behaviors and Perceptions in the COVID-19 Pandemic, a unique global online survey of 13,660 participants from 62 countries. We use mixed-effects models to analyze the data.

Results
Social isolation (distancing) significantly predicts poor mental health operationalized as coronavirus-induced distress (p &lt; .01). At the aggregate level, average distress varies positively across countries with higher numbers of coronavirus-related deaths (p &lt; .10) and more fragile state capacity (p &lt; .05), while varying negatively across those with more stringent anticoronavirus policies (p &lt; .05). Finally, we report several cross-level interactions between social isolation and the total number of deaths (p = .025), policy stringency (p = .065), state fragility (p = .061), and globalization index (p = .071).

Discussion and Implications
Our study shows that a proper understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on the mental well-being of older adults should consider the moderating role of national context.
Designing post-disaster temporary housing inspired by the housing of indigenous nomads of Iran
Authors: Reza Mojahedi Mohammad , Vafamehr Mohsen , Ekhlassi Ahmad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The significance of post-disaster temporary housing for the victims has led to the problem of designing a good model of temporary housing. According to research hypothesis, using the design of Iranian nomads’ housing instead of common forms of temporary housing contributes to energy saving. Investigating the architecture of nomads’ housing indicates that there is a type of indigenous knowledge for designing and constructing this type of housing. After the study, data collection and a review of the types of Iranian nomads’ housing using library and causal method, thermal simulation was conducted to investigate the effect of changing the temporary housing form inspired by the nomads’ housing on energy consumption. Findings showed that using shapes like Kapars of Baluchistan nomads, wigwams of Shahsavan tribe in Ardabil and mudhifs of Khuzestan will save energy for 36%, 24% and 25%, respectively.
Job Ads Don’t Add Up: Arabic + Middle East + Texts ≠ Islam
Authors: Morgenstein Fuerst Ilyse 
Published: October 2020

AbstractJob advertisements for Islamic studies faculty positions provide material and significant insight into the construction and reification of a normative Islam. These ads serve to further entrench inaccurate notions of “authentic” Islam. Quantitative and qualitative data demonstrate how religious studies colleagues craft job calls that replicate stereotypes about Islam and Muslims, how the study of Islam functions, and an Arab and Arabic-centric emphasis. Such ads prefer specific regions (the Middle East), languages (Arabic), and subjects (texts). Ironically, this archive shows that ads for jobs in the field of Islamic studies frequently instantiate biases and stereotypes that Islamic studies scholars dedicate their careers to dismantling. Stated hiring preferences, including teaching obligations, entrench an “essence” of Islam or Islamic studies at odds with scholarly discourse about Islam, Islamic studies, and religious studies that may be summarized as a simple, troubling equation: Islam = Middle East + Arabic + texts.
Validation of the saniTracers Sanitation Verification Method from Stainless Steel Environmental Surfaces: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 032001
Authors: Chou Quin , Herbold Nicole , Cerrillo Lucia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Effective sanitation of equipment is critical in an integrated food safety system. Existing sanitation verification methods have significant shortcomings that decrease their effectiveness and create an opportunity for novel approaches. This study is intended to validate abiotic bacterial surrogates (saniTracers™) for the rapid verification of solid surface sanitation processes. AOAC validation studies included a pure analyte LOD, matrix studies, inhibition, selectivity, product consistency and stability, instrument variation, and robustness. Stainless steel coupons (4 × 4”), pure or diluted analyte, and Chai qPCR systems were used for those studies. The saniTracers were quantified by qPCR. Average ΔCt values for all matrixes at 50 and 250 ppm sodium hypochlorite sanitation show 3.23 and 11.95, respectively. saniTracers behave similarly in the presence of all matrixes. saniTracers were not inhibited at significant concentrations by any of the sanitizers used. No discrepant results were observed with the robustness study. Lot-to-lot/stability testing demonstrated no differences between the three lots of tests analyzed. saniTracers demonstrated high repeatability and minimal interference from matrix, disinfectant, or microorganisms. The microbial selectivity study indicated a correlation between the removal of pathogens and change in Ct value for saniTracers, following the disinfection process. An average log(cfu) reduction of 4.00 was observed for the three pathogens evaluated, correlating to an average 10.65 Ct change in saniTracers, indicating a correlation in the removal of an average of 0.38 log(cfu) of pathogens per one saniTracer Ct change, following the disinfection process.
Canola meal in nursery pig diets: growth performance and gut health
Authors: Hong Jinsu , Ndou Saymore Petros , Adams Seidu , Scaria Joy , Woyengo Tofuko Awori 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to determine the effects of including canola meal (CM) in nursery pig diets on growth performance, immune response, fecal microbial composition, and gut integrity. A total of 200 nursery pigs (initial body weight = 7.00 kg) were obtained in two batches of 100 pigs each. Pigs in each batch were housed in 25 pens (four pigs per pen) and fed five diets in a randomized complete block design. The five diets were corn–soybean meal (SBM)-based basal diets with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, or 40% of CM. The diets were fed in three phases: phase 1: day 0 to 7, phase 2: day 7 to 21, and phase 3: day 21 to 42. Diets in each phase were formulated to similar net energy, Ca, and digestible P and amino acid contents. Feed intake and body weight were measured by phase. Immune response and gut integrity parameters were measured at the end of phases 1 and 2. Fecal microbial composition for diets with 0% or 20% CM was determined at the end of phase 2. Overall average daily gain (ADG) responded quadratically (P &lt; 0.05) to increasing dietary level of CM such that ADG was increased by 17% due to an increase in the dietary level of CM from 0% to 20% and was reduced by 16% due to an increase in the dietary level of CM from 20% to 40%. Pigs fed diets with 0% or 40% CM did not differ in overall ADG. Dietary CM tended to quadratically decrease (P = 0.09) serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) level at the end of phase 2 such that serum IgA level tended to reduce with an increase in dietary CM from 0% to 20% and to increase with an increase in dietary CM from 20% to 40%. Dietary CM at 20% decreased (P &lt; 0.05) the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes phylum and tended to increase (P = 0.07) the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum. Dietary CM linearly increased (P &lt; 0.05) the lactulose to mannitol ratio in the urine by 47% and 49% at the end of phases 1 and 2, respectively, and tended to linearly decrease (P &lt; 0.10) ileal transepithelial electrical resistance at the end of phase 1 by 64%. In conclusion, CM fed in the current study could be included in corn–SBM-based diets for nursery pigs 20% to improve the growth performance and gut microbial composition and reduce immune response. Also, the CM used in the current study could be included in corn–SBM-based diets for nursery pigs at 30% or 40% without compromising growth performance. Dietary CM increased gut permeability, implying that dietary CM at 20% improves the growth performance of weaned pigs through mechanisms other than reducing gut permeability.
uGMRT detection of associated H i 21-cm absorption at z ≈ 3.5
Authors: Aditya J N H S , Jorgenson Regina , Joshi Vishal , Singh Veeresh , An Tao , Chandola Yogesh 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We report a uGMRT (upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope) detection of H i 21-cm absorption associated with the radio source 8C 0604+728, at z = 3.52965. The source is at the highest redshift at which associated H i 21-cm absorption has been discovered to date, surpassing earlier known absorber at z ≈ 3.39. We estimate ultraviolet luminosities of $\rm (3.2 \pm 0.1) \times 10^{23}$ and $\rm (6.2 \pm 0.2)\times 10^{23}~W~Hz^{-1}$, and ionizing photon rates of $\rm (1.8 \pm 0.1) \times 10^{56}$ and $\rm (5.0 \pm 0.1) \times 10^{56}~s^{-1}$, using data at different epochs; the source shows year-scale variability in both its luminosity and photon rate. The luminosity and photon rate at later epochs are ≈6.2 and ≈1.7 times higher than thresholds suggested in the literature above which all the neutral hydrogen in the active galactic nucleus (AGN) host galaxy is expected to be ionized. The detection demonstrates that neutral hydrogen can survive in the host galaxies of AGNs with high ultraviolet luminosities. We estimate a high equivalent width ratio of 15.2 for the Lyman-α (Ly α) and He ii emission lines detected in the optical spectrum, which is consistent with AGN photoionization models. However, a significant contribution from young stellar populations to the excess Ly α flux cannot be ruled out.
Study of central intensity ratio of early-type galaxies from low-density environment
Authors: Sruthi K , Ravikumar C D 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We present correlations involving central intensity ratio (CIR) of 52 early-type galaxies, including 24 ellipticals and 28 lenticulars, selected from low-density environment in the nearby (&lt;30 Mpc) universe. CIR is found to be negatively and significantly correlated with the mass of the central supermassive black hole, central velocity dispersion, absolute B-band magnitude, stellar bulge mass, and central Mg2 index of the host galaxy. The study proposes the use of CIR as a simple, fast, and efficient photometric tool for exploring the co-evolution scenario existing in galaxies.
PheLiGe: an interactive database of billions of human genotype–phenotype associations
Authors: Shashkova Tatiana I , Pakhomov Eugene D , Gorev Denis D , Karssen Lennart C , Joshi Peter K , Aulchenko Yurii S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have provided a vast array of publicly available SNP × phenotype association results. However, they are often in disparate repositories and formats, making downstream analyses difficult and time consuming. PheLiGe (https://phelige.com) is a database that provides easy access to such results via a web interface. The underlying database currently stores &gt;75 billion genotype–phenotype associations from 7347 genome-wide and 1.2 million region-wide (e.g. cis-eQTL) association scans. The web interface allows for investigation of regional genotype-phenotype associations across many phenotypes, giving insights into the biological function affected by the variant in question. Furthermore, PheLiGe can compare regional patterns of association between different traits. This analysis can ascertain whether a co-association is due to pleiotropy or linkage. Moreover, comparison of association patterns for a complex trait of interest and gene expression and protein levels can implicate causal genes.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Pathway for Single-Level Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Decreases Length of Stay and Opioid Consumption
Authors: Kerolus Mena G , Yerneni Ketan , Witiw Christopher D , Shelton Alena , Canar William Jeffrey , Daily Deval , Fontes Ricardo B V , Deutsch Harel , Fessler Richard G , Buvanendran Asokumar , O’Toole John E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Opioid requirements in the perioperative period in patients undergoing lumbar spine fusion surgery remain problematic. Although minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques have been developed, there still remain substantial challenges to reducing length of hospital stay (LOS) because of postoperative opioid requirements.

OBJECTIVE
To study the effect of implementing an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway in patients undergoing a 1-level MIS transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF) at our institution.

METHODS
We implemented an ERAS pathway in patients undergoing an elective single-level MIS TLIF for degenerative changes at a single institution. Consecutive patients were enrolled over a 20-mo period and compared with a pre-ERAS group prior to the implementation of the ERAS protocol. The primary outcome was LOS. Secondary outcomes included reduction in morphine milligram equivalent units (MME), pain scores, postoperative urinary retention (POUR), and incidence of postoperative delirium. Patients were compared using the chi-square and Welch's 2-sample t-tests.

RESULTS
A total of 299 patients were evaluated in this study: 87 in the ERAS group and 212 in the pre-ERAS group. In the ERAS group, there was a significant reduction in LOS (3.13 ± 1.53 vs 3.71 ± 2.07 d, P = .019), total admission MME (252.74 ± 317.38 vs 455.91 ± 498.78 MME, P = .001), and the number of patients with POUR (48.3% vs 65.6%, P = .008). There were no differences in pain scores.

CONCLUSION
This is the largest ERAS MIS fusion cohort published to date evaluating a single cohort of patients in a generalizable manner. This ERAS pathway has shown a substantial decrease in LOS and opioid requirements in the immediate perioperative and postoperative period. There is further work to be done to evaluate patients undergoing other complex spine surgical interventions.
In vitro genotoxicity evaluation and metabolic study of residual glutaraldehyde in animal-derived biomaterials
Authors: Shi Jianfeng , Lian Huan , Huang Yuanli , Zhao Danmei , Wang Han , Wang Chunren , Li Jingli , Ke Linnan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Glutaraldehyde (GA) is an important additive that is mainly used in animal-derived biomaterials to improve their mechanical and antimicrobial capacities. However, GA chemical toxicity and the metabolic mechanism remain relatively unknown. Therefore, residual GA has always been a major health risk consideration for animal-derived medical devices. In this study, extracts of three bio-patches were tested via the GA determination test and mouse lymphoma assay (MLA). The results showed that dissolved GA was a potential mutagen, which could induce significant cytotoxic and mutagenic effects in mouse lymphoma cells. These toxic reactions were relieved by the S9 metabolic activation (MA) system. Furthermore, we confirmed that GA concentration decreased and glutaric acid was generated during the catalytic process. We revealed GA could be oxidized via cytochrome P450 which was the main metabolic factor of S9. We found that even though GA was possibly responsible for positive reactions of animal-derived biomaterials’ biocompatibility evaluation, it may not represent the real situation occurring in human bodies, owing to the presence of various detoxification mechanisms including the S9 system. Overall, in order to achieve a general balance between risk management and practical application, rational decisions based on comprehensive analyses must be considered.
Etiologies and management of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: is it time for an updated protocol and targeted treatments?
Authors: Posas-Mendoza Therese F , McLeod Cara , Davis William , Zakem Jerald , Quinet Robert  
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to analyse the features, therapeutic approaches, and outcomes for adult patients with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) at a single centre.

Methods
This study was a retrospective chart review of all patients &gt;18 years of age diagnosed with HLH according to HLH-2004 or H-score criteria at Ochsner Medical Center-New Orleans between 2013 and 2019.

Results
A total of 29 patients with HLH met inclusion criteria. A total of 7 patients had an underlying malignancy, 12 had an autoimmune disease, 2 were transplant patients, and 2 had a combination of malignancy, autoimmune disease, or immunodeficiency. A total of 6 patients developed HLH precipitated by infection alone. All 29 patients presented with fever. A total of 28 (97%) patients met H-score criteria, and only 20 (67%) met HLH-2004 criteria. Fifteen patients were treated with the HLH-2004 protocol. Of those treated with the HLH-2004 protocol, 73% (11/15) died, 8% (1/15) had recurrence of HLH, and 20% (3/15) had resolution of HLH. A total of 14 patients were treated with targeted therapy. Of those treated with targeted therapy, 93% (13/14) had resolution of HLH and 1 died. Targeted therapy included pulse steroids, tocilizumab, anakinra, IVIG, CSA, rituximab, and/or CYC in addition to antiviral or antibiotic therapy.

Conclusion
Our findings suggested that the rheumatologic patient population responded well to a targeted therapeutic approach and poorly to the HLH-2004 protocol. Whether the poor outcomes found with the use of the HLH-2004 protocol are secondary to the protocol itself or the aggressive nature of malignancy-associated HLH is unclear. Further studies are needed to develop tailored therapeutic regimens.
The Leverage–Profitability Puzzle Resurrected*
Authors: Eckbo B Espen , Kisser Michael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
With zero capital structure rebalancing costs, dynamic trade-off theory predicts that firms stay at their leverage targets with more profitable firms staying at higher leverage. This prediction is rejected by the robustly negative correlation between leverage and profitability. When rebalancing costs are added to this theory, it predicts a positive leverage–profitability correlation only in periods where companies pay these costs and actively rebalance their capital structures. However, we show that the correlation is negative when firms issue debt and distribute the proceeds to shareholders—precisely the case where the theory predicts it should be positive. Our results thus resurrect the leverage–profitability puzzle.
Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): telemedicine and remote care delivery in a time of medical crisis, implementation, and challenges
Authors: Kronenfeld Joshua P , Penedo Frank J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to many challenges throughout the world, one of which is the delivery of health care to patients while they remain home. Telemedicine, or the use of electronic information and telecommunication technologies to support and promote long-distance clinical health care, has been utilized by health care providers for many years, but its widespread implementation did not occur until the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, it has become the primary mechanism of care delivery for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. While obstacles are present for hospitals and providers to establish these services, most barriers exist with patient access. Patients require advanced technical support, translator services, and other measures to become comfortable engaging in a telemedicine encounter. In addition, appropriate follow-up must be provided for chronic medical illnesses and malignancies, helping to prevent the evolution of these conditions during the COVID-19 crisis. Finally, we must ensure equity for all patients seeking to access health services, including those of lower socioeconomic status. Many of these patients rely on public hotspots or library computers for their internet connectivity, but this is likely not conducive to a clinical encounter. These barriers must be addressed to ensure health equity for all patients seeking care. Telemedicine can connect patients and providers during this time of crisis and hopefully will serve as a model for continued use after the pandemic has abated.
The efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal compound combined with western medicine for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Sun Lei , Zhao Wenjuan , Yan Mingliang , Yang Bin , Xiong Peng , Zhao Shengjie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background:
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound formulations are selected according to different populations, with strong targeting and less adverse reactions. As a complex disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has limited efficacy in the use of conventional treatment regiments, short life cycle, high cost, many side effects, and low quality of life. It is urgent to seek new alternative therapies. Clinical practice shows that Chinese herbal compound combined with western medicine has certain therapeutic advantages, but there is no evidence of evidence-based medicine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal compound combined with western medicine in the treatment of ALS.

Methods:
Use computer to retrieve English database (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library) and Chinese database (CNKI, Wanfang Database, Weipu database, and China Biomedical Literature Service System), moreover manually retrieve Baidu academic and Google academic from the establishment of the database to 2020 July for randomized controlled clinical study on ALS treated with compound Chinese medicine with western medicine therapy, 2 researchers independently conducted data extraction and literature quality evaluation on the quality of the included studies, and meta-analysis of the included literature was carried out using RevMan5.3 software.

Results:
This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of TCM combined with western medicine in the treatment of ALS by means of effective rate, improved Norris scale, ALS Functional Rating Scale, TCM syndrome score, and adverse reaction incidence.

Conclusion:
This study will provide reliable evidence for the clinical application of Chinese herbal compound combined with western medicine in the treatment of ALS.
OSF registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/R5XG4