bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Value of Electricity Storage in Chile Through Planning Models with Stylized Operation: How Wrong Can It Be?
Authors: Pereira-Bonvallet Eduardo , Moreno Rodrigo , Muñoz Francisco D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
In light of the increased renewables penetration in power systems around the world, policy-makers, regulators, planners, and investors are significantly interested in determining the participation of energy storage in prospective scenarios of future generation capacity. In this context, this paper demonstrates the numerical errors associated with electricity planning models with stylized operation, which are of common use nowadays. We particularly focus on errors when quantifying the benefits of pumped hydro storage (PHS).

Recent Findings
The latest research identifies important distortions in the results of infrastructure expansion planning problems originated due to a stylized representation of power system operation. These distortions have been particularly emphasized in power systems with increased penetration of renewables generation that necessitate higher levels of flexibility to deal with variability and uncertainty.

Summary
Apart from providing a comprehensive literature review in this subject, we provide additional and novel quantitative evidence focusing on the impacts of additional PHS capacity in power systems. Thus, we compare the outputs from two models: (i) a planning model with a stylized operation that ignores operational details in long-term investment analysis, approximating operational costs through a discretized version of the load curve (i.e., time slice representation), and (ii) a state-of-the-art, advanced planning model that recognizes operational details, including hourly resolution and technical limitations of generation plants (through the so-called unit commitment variables and constraints). Both models co-optimize generation and transmission capacity by minimizing total system investment and operational costs. Through several case studies on the Chilean power network by 2025, it is demonstrated that the benefits in terms of cost savings from PHS are significantly underestimated by the stylized model that ignores operational details. In effect, the stylized model undermines both peaking generation capacity and network capacity deferred by storage as well as the operational cost savings due to reserves and flexibility provisions from PHS. Moreover, it is shown that while CO2 emissions are reduced in the advanced model (as expected), these are increased in the stylized model, which corresponds to a remarkable misleading result. Finally, revenue projections of PHS by using primal and dual information are calculated from both optimization approaches, demonstrating that the stylized approach is biased and erroneously diminishes the PHS revenue in the case of a bulk, transmission-connected PHS in Chile. These conclusions are of particular interest for policy-makers, regulators, planners, and investors in Chile who seek to identify both PHS projects that are socially optimal (minimizing overall system costs) and privately profitable (whose revenues exceed costs).
Enhancing soil water holding capacity and provision of a potassium source via optimization of the pyrolysis of bamboo biochar
Authors: Hien Tran Thi Thu , Tsubota Toshiki , Taniguchi Tomoyuki , Shinogi Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRapid expansion of cultivated bamboo negatively impacts on biodiversity and soil microbial community. As such, it is important to properly manage and use bamboo to prevent and control such issues. This study focuses on optimizing pyrolysis conditions to produce bamboo biochar for agricultural soil amendment, particularly soil potassium (K) and water holding capacity. Bamboo chips were pyrolyzed under nitrogen gas at 400, 600, and 800 °C for 1 and 2 h of retention. A total of six biochar products were created: 400-1 (i.e., 400 °C in 1 h), 400-2, 600-1, 600-2, 800-1, and 800-2. The 600 °C bamboo biochar products were observed to have the greatest potential in increasing soil K and water holding capacity. The 600-1 product had the highest potassium content (4.87%), with a water holding capacity of 3.73 g g−1, while the 600-2 product had the second-highest potassium content (4.13%) and the highest water holding capacity (4.21 g g−1) and cation exchange capacity. The K release in 600 °C products was larger and slower than that of the 400 °C and 800 °C products, respectively. The results also indicated that the physicochemical characteristics of bamboo biochar, such as yield, pH, surface area, water holding capacity, and K content, were significantly impacted by temperature, retention time, or a combination of these parameters. The outcomes from this study are a valuable reference for bamboo biochar production targeting agricultural soil amendment, particularly when it is directed at increasing soil K and water holding capacity.
How threat actors abuse ICS-specific file types
Authors: Erez Nadav 
Published: October 2020

Project files are integral to industrial control system (ICS) solutions, providing all the necessary data and instructions each machine on the operational technology (OT) network needs to operate. While engineers will use them to ensure the smooth running of operations, security teams can use them to gather an accurate picture of what machines are running on the system along with other critical data, such as where they are and what they are supposed to be doing. Project files are integral to industrial control system (ICS) solutions, providing the data and instructions each machine on the operational technology (OT) network needs to operate. While engineers will use them to ensure the smooth running of operations, security teams can use these files to gather an accurate picture of what machines are running, along with other critical data, such as where they are and what they are supposed to be doing. However, extracting information from ICS engineering project files is not always straightforward, and a lack of full visibility into what is running on the network and how it normally functions presents a significant security risk, explains Nadav Erez at Claroty.
Pandemics as Rights-Generators
Authors: Jain Neha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile the global pandemic has exposed the fragility of human rights protections, it has also resulted in rights victories for some of the most vulnerable members of society. This Essay examines epistemic, consequentialist, and normative rights reframing efforts that have been mobilized to advocate for and secure human rights during the pandemic through the lens of prisoners’ rights. It argues that these rights seeking strategies hold promise for advancing rights claims of prisoners and other marginalized groups beyond the pandemic.
The Once and Future Law of State Responsibility
Authors: Paparinskis Martins 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe current (once) international law of state responsibility is shaped by the International Law Commission's Articles on responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts, generally endorsed in state and judicial practice as consonant with custom. This Essay makes the case that the global pandemic and associated practice may affect foundational elements of the (future) law of state responsibility. It outlines the contours of systemic grain of possible developments by reference to the tension between bilateralism and community interests in international law.
A Global Leviathan Emerges: The Federal Reserve, COVID-19, and International Law
Authors: Bradlow Daniel D. , Park Stephen Kim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of the Federal Reserve as a leading actor in global economic governance. As a creature of U.S. domestic law with an international presence and operational independence, the Fed wields authority without a well-defined international legal status, international legal standards to guide its conduct, or accountability to those around the world affected by its decisions. This Essay explores three conceptual approaches that could be used to develop norms, standards, and principles to address this gap.
Targeted gown and glove use to prevent Staphylococcus aureus acquisition in community-based nursing homes: A pilot study
Authors: Lydecker Alison D. , Osei Patience A. , Pineles Lisa , Johnson J. Kristie , Meisel Jacquelyn , Stine O. Colin , Magder Laurence , Gurses Ayse P. , Hebden Joan , Oruc Cagla , Mody Lona , Jacobs Slifka Kara , Stone Nimalie D. , Roghmann Mary-Claire 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:To test the feasibility of targeted gown and glove use by healthcare personnel caring for high-risk nursing-home residents to prevent Staphylococcus aureus acquisition in short-stay residents.Design:Uncontrolled clinical trial.Setting:This study was conducted in 2 community-based nursing homes in Maryland.Participants:The study included 322 residents on mixed short- and long-stay units.Methods:During a 2-month baseline period, all residents had nose and inguinal fold swabs taken to estimate S. aureus acquisition. The intervention was iteratively developed using a participatory human factors engineering approach. During a 2-month intervention period, healthcare personnel wore gowns and gloves for high-risk care activities while caring for residents with wounds or medical devices, and S. aureus acquisition was measured again. Whole-genome sequencing was used to assess whether the acquisition represented resident-to-resident transmission.Results:Among short-stay residents, the methicillin-resistant S. aureus acquisition rate decreased from 11.9% during the baseline period to 3.6% during the intervention period (odds ratio [OR], 0.28; 95% CI, 0.08–0.92; P = .026). The methicillin-susceptible S. aureus acquisition rate went from 9.1% during the baseline period to 4.0% during the intervention period (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.12–1.42; P = .15). The S. aureus resident-to-resident transmission rate decreased from 5.9% during the baseline period to 0.8% during the intervention period.Conclusions:Targeted gown and glove use by healthcare personnel for high-risk care activities while caring for residents with wounds or medical devices, regardless of their S. aureus colonization status, is feasible and potentially decreases S. aureus acquisition and transmission in short-stay community-based nursing-home residents.
Keeping the “Recovered Territories”: Evolving Administrative Approaches Toward Indigenous Silesians
Authors: Woodard Stefanie M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article traces changes in Polish administrative approaches toward indigenous Upper Silesians in the 1960s and 1970s. By commissioning reports from voivodeship leaders in 1967, the Ministry of Internal Affairs recognized that native Silesians held reservations toward Poland and, moreover, that postwar “Polonization” efforts may have backfired. These officials further understood the need to act quickly against “disintegration” trends. Although administrators in Katowice and Opole noted that relatively few Silesians engaged in clearly anti-Polish activities, these leaders still believed that West German influence threatened their authority in Silesia. Increasing West German involvement in the area, particularly through care packages and tourism, seemed to support this conclusion. In response to fears of West German infiltration and the rise in emigration applications, local authorities sought to bolster a distinctly Silesian identity. Opole officials in particular argued that strengthening a regional identity, rather than a Polish one, could combat the “tendency toward disintegration” in Silesia. This policy shift underscored an even greater change in attitude toward the borderland population: instead of treating native Silesians as an innate threat to Polish sovereignty, as had been the case immediately after the war, the administration now viewed them as essential for maintaining authority in western Poland.
Subversive Celebrations: Holidays as Sites of Minority Identity Contestation in Repressive Regimes
Authors: Hintz Lisel , Quatrini Allison L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhat role do nationally celebrated holidays play for groups that are not considered—or do not consider themselves—to be part of the majority nation of a state? What function do holidays specific to minority group cultures serve under regimes that discriminate against those groups? This article explores holidays as a forum for contestation for the national identity proposals promulgated by the state in repressive regimes. We argue that national holidays are meaningful sites of identity contestation for four reasons: the role of holidays in heightening identity salience, the malleability of identity narratives, the relative lack of institutional barriers to acts of celebration, and the significance of refusing to participate in celebrations. We collected the data through interviews and participant observation of the Hui in China and the Kurds in Turkey. We employ ethnographic observation and intertextual analysis to compare these identity narratives. We find that the Hui legitimize their group’s existence by co-opting the traditional Spring Festival, or by outwardly insisting they are not celebrating while still engaging in festivities. In contrast, Turkey’s Kurds resist the government’s co-optation of the spring celebration of Newroz as a Turkish national holiday.
Safe-Asset Shortages: Evidence from the European Government Bond Lending Market
Authors: Aggarwal Reena , Bai Jennie , Laeven Luc 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe identify the unique role of the government bond lending market in collateral transformation during periods of market stress. Using a novel database, we provide evidence that safe assets in the lending market have higher demand, higher borrowing cost, and higher usage of noncash collateral relative to nonsafe assets during stressed market conditions. Moreover, we find that market participants are able to obtain safe assets using relatively low-quality noncash collateral, allowing for collateral transformation. We show that policy interventions by central banks can help reduce safe-asset shortages by returning sought-after safe assets to the market.
Toward measuring effective treatment coverage: critical bottlenecks in quality- and user-adjusted coverage for major depressive disorder
Authors: Vigo Daniel , Haro Josep Maria , Hwang Irving , Aguilar-Gaxiola Sergio , Alonso Jordi , Borges Guilherme , Bruffaerts Ronny , Caldas-de-Almeida Jose Miguel , de Girolamo Giovanni , Florescu Silvia , Gureje Oye , Karam Elie , Karam Georges , Kovess-Masfety Viviane , Lee Sing , Navarro-Mateu Fernando , Ojagbemi Akin , Posada-Villa Jose , Sampson Nancy A. , Scott Kate , Stagnaro Juan Carlos , ten Have Margreet , Viana Maria Carmen , Wu Chi-Shin , Chatterji Somnath , Cuijpers Pim , Thornicroft Graham , Kessler Ronald C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Shortfalls in treatment quantity and quality are well-established, but the specific gaps in pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are poorly understood. This paper analyzes the gap in treatment coverage for MDD and identifies critical bottlenecks.MethodsSeventeen surveys were conducted across 15 countries by the World Health Organization-World Mental Health Surveys Initiative. Of 35 012 respondents, 3341 met DSM-IV criteria for 12-month MDD. The following components of effective treatment coverage were analyzed: (a) any mental health service utilization; (b) adequate pharmacotherapy; (c) adequate psychotherapy; and (d) adequate severity-specific combination of both.ResultsMDD prevalence was 4.8% (s.e., 0.2). A total of 41.8% (s.e., 1.1) received any mental health services, 23.2% (s.e., 1.5) of which was deemed effective. This 90% gap in effective treatment is due to lack of utilization (58%) and inadequate quality or adherence (32%). Critical bottlenecks are underutilization of psychotherapy (26 percentage-points reduction in coverage), underutilization of psychopharmacology (13-point reduction), inadequate physician monitoring (13-point reduction), and inadequate drug-type (10-point reduction). High-income countries double low-income countries in any mental health service utilization, adequate pharmacotherapy, adequate psychotherapy, and adequate combination of both. Severe cases are more likely than mild-moderate cases to receive either adequate pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy, but less likely to receive an adequate combination.ConclusionsDecision-makers need to increase the utilization and quality of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Innovations such as telehealth for training and supervision plus non-specialist or community resources to deliver pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy could address these bottlenecks.
A Parameter Dimension Reduction-Based Estimation Approach to Enhance the Kinematic Accuracy of a Parallel Hardware-in-the-Loop Docking Simulator
Authors: Hu Yan , Gao Feng , Zhao Xianchao , Yang Tianhao , Shen Haoran , Qi Chenkun , Cao Rui 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYThe docking simulators are significant ground test equipment for aerospace projects. The fidelity of docking simulation highly depends on the accuracy performance. This paper investigates the kinematic accuracy for the developed docking simulator. A novel kinematic calibration method which can reduce the number of parameters for error modeling is presented. The principle of parameters separation is studied. A simplified error model is derived based on Taylor series. This method can contribute to the simplification of the error model, fewer measurements, and easier convergence during the parameters identification. The calibration experiment validates this method for further accuracy enhancement.
Dynamic Strategy Planning of Humanoid Robots Using Glowworm-Based Optimization
Authors: Kumar Priyadarshi Biplab , Parhi Dayal R. , Muni Manoj Kumar , Pandey Krishna Kant , Chhotray Animesh , Pradhan Diana 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYIn this paper, a novel dynamic navigational planning strategy is proposed for single as well as multiple humanoids in intricate environments on a glowworm-based optimization method. The sensory information regarding the obstacle distances and target information are supplied as inputs to the navigational model. The essential turning angle is generated as the output of the controller to avoid obstacles present in the environment and reach the target location with ease. The proposed model is certified in a V-REP simulation software, and the simulation results are authenticated in a real-time setup arranged under testing conditions.
Parity and the risk of incident dementia: a COSMIC study
Authors: Bae J. B. , Lipnicki D. M. , Han J. W. , Sachdev P. S. , Kim T. H. , Kwak K. P. , Kim B. J. , Kim S. G. , Kim J. L. , Moon S. W. , Park J. H. , Ryu S.-H. , Youn J. C. , Lee D. Y. , Lee D. W. , Lee S. B. , Lee J. J. , Jhoo J. H. , Skoog I. , Najar J. , Sterner T. R. , Scarmeas N. , Yannakoulia M. , Dardiotis E. , Riedel-Heller S. , Roehr S. , Pabst A. , Ding D. , Zhao Q. , Liang X. , Lobo A. , De-la-Cámara C. , Lobo E. , Kim K. W. ,   for Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC)
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the association between parity and the risk of incident dementia in women.

Methods
We pooled baseline and follow-up data for community-dwelling women aged 60 or older from six population-based, prospective cohort studies from four European and two Asian countries. We investigated the association between parity and incident dementia using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age, educational level, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cohort, with additional analysis by dementia subtype (Alzheimer dementia (AD) and non-Alzheimer dementia (NAD)).

Results
Of 9756 women dementia-free at baseline, 7010 completed one or more follow-up assessments. The mean follow-up duration was 5.4 ± 3.1 years and dementia developed in 550 participants. The number of parities was associated with the risk of incident dementia (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–1.13). Grand multiparity (five or more parities) increased the risk of dementia by 30% compared to 1–4 parities (HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.02–1.67). The risk of NAD increased by 12% for every parity (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.02–1.23) and by 60% for grand multiparity (HR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.00–2.55), but the risk of AD was not significantly associated with parity.

Conclusions
Grand multiparity is a significant risk factor for dementia in women. This may have particularly important implications for women in low and middle-income countries where the fertility rate and prevalence of grand multiparity are high.
Unraveling the Formation Mechanism for the Bursts of Electron Butterfly Distributions: Test Particle and Quasilinear Simulations
Authors: Gan L. , Li W. , Ma Q. , Artemyev A. V. , Albert J. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEnergetic electron dynamics is highly affected by plasma waves through quasilinear and/or nonlinear interactions in the Earth's inner magnetosphere. In this letter, we provide physical explanations for a previously reported intriguing event from the Van Allen Probes observations, where bursts of electron butterfly distributions at tens of keV exhibit remarkable correlations with chorus waves. Both test particle and quasilinear simulations are used to reveal the formation mechanism for the bursts of electron butterfly distribution. The test particle simulation results indicate that nonlinear phase trapping due to chorus waves is the key process to accelerate electrons to form the electron butterfly distribution within ~30 s, and reproduces the observed features. Quasilinear simulation results show that although the diffusion process alone also contributes to form the electron butterfly distribution, the timescale is slower. Our study demonstrates the importance of nonlinear interaction in rapid electron acceleration at tens of keV by chorus waves.