bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis in Large Datasets: Expanding Possibilities for Observational Research
Authors: Walsh Jessica A. , Pei Shaobo , Penmetsa Gopi K. , Overbury Rebecca S. , Clegg Daniel O. , Sauer Brian C. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveObservational research of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is limited by a lack of methods for identifying diverse axSpA phenotypes in large datasets. Algorithms were previously designed to identify a broad spectrum of patients with axSpA, including patients not identifiable with diagnosis codes. The study objective was to estimate the performance of axSpA identification methods in the general Veterans Affairs (VA) population.MethodsA patient sample with known axSpA status (n = 300) was established with chart review. For feasibility, this sample was enriched with veterans with axSpA risk factors. Algorithm performance outcomes included sensitivities, positive predictive values (PPV), and F1 scores (an overall performance metric combining sensitivity and PPV). Performance was estimated with unweighted outcomes for the axSpA-enriched sample and inverse probability weighted (IPW) outcomes for the general VA population. These outcomes were also assessed for traditional identification methods using diagnosis codes for the ankylosing spondylitis (AS) subtype of axSpA.ResultsThe mean age was 54.7 and 92% were male. Unweighted F1 scores (0.59–0.74) were higher than IPW F1 scores (0.48–0.65). The full algorithm had the best overall performance (F1IPW 0.65). The Early Algorithm was the most inclusive (sensitivityIPW 0.90, PPVIPW 0.38). The traditional method using ≥ 2 AS diagnosis codes from rheumatology had the highest PPV (PPVIPW 0.84, sensitivityIPW 0.34).ConclusionThe axSpA identification methods demonstrated a range of performance attributes in the general VA population that may be appropriate for various types of studies. The novel identification algorithms may expand the scope of research by enabling identification of more diverse axSpA populations.
Imaging Pattern and Outcome of Stroke in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case-control Study
Authors: Tsoi Lap Kiu , Mok Chi Chiu , Man Bik Ling , Fu Yat Pang 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcome of stroke in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsPatients who fulfilled ≥ 4 American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE and had a history of stroke from 1997 to 2017 were identified. The functional outcome of stroke [assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days], mortality, stroke complications, and recurrence were retrospectively studied and compared with matched non-SLE patients with stroke.ResultsForty SLE patients and 120 non-SLE patients with stroke (age at stroke 44.7 ± 13.7 yrs, 87.5% women) were studied. Ischemic type of stroke (90% vs 63%, P = 0.001) and extensive infarction (69.4% vs 18.7%, P < 0.001) were more common in SLE than non-SLE patients. Border zone infarct and multiple infarcts on imaging were significantly more prevalent in SLE patients. Patients with SLE were more functionally dependent than controls at 90 days poststroke. Logistic regression showed that SLE was significantly associated with a poor stroke functional outcome independent of age, sex, past stroke, atherosclerotic risk factors, and the severity of stroke (OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.1–26.0, P = 0.035). Stroke mortality at 30 days was nonsignificantly higher in SLE than non-SLE patients, but all-cause mortality (37.5% compared to 8.3%, P < 0.001), recurrence of stroke (30% compared to 9.2%, P = 0.002), and poststroke seizure (22.5% compared to 3.3%, P = 0.001) were significantly more common in SLE patients after an observation of 8.4 ± 6.1 years. SLE was independently associated with all-cause mortality and stroke recurrence over time.ConclusionsStroke in patients with SLE is associated with a poorer outcome than matched controls in terms of functional recovery, recurrence, and mortality.
Skin Preparation and Electrode Replacement to Reduce Alarm Fatigue in a Community Hospital Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Leigher Debbie , Kemppainen Paula , Neyens David M. 
Published: September 2020

Background
Nurses in intensive care units are exposed to hundreds of alarms during a shift, and research shows that most alarms are not clinically relevant. Alarm fatigue can occur when a nurse becomes desensitized to alarms. Alarm fatigue can jeopardize patient safety, and adverse alarm events can lead to patients dying.

Objective
To evaluate how a process intervention affects the number of alarms during an 8-hour shift in an intensive care unit.

Methods
A total of 62 patients from an intensive care unit were included in the study; 32 of these patients received the intervention, which included washing the patient’s chest with soap and water and applying new electrocardiography electrodes at the start of a shift. The number of alarms, clinical diagnoses, and demographic variables were collected for each patient. A Poisson regression model was used to evaluate the impact of the intervention on the overall number of clinical alarms during the shift, with no adjustments to the alarm settings or other interventions.

Results
After relevant covariates are controlled for, the results suggest that patients in the intervention group presented significantly fewer alarms than did patients in the control group.

Conclusions
Managing clinical alarms is a main issue in terms of both patient safety and staff workload management. The results of this study demonstrate that a relatively simple process-oriented strategy can decrease the number of alarms.
Priority Outcomes in Critically Ill Children: A Patient and Parent Perspective
Authors: Fayed Nora , Cameron Saoirse , Fraser Douglas , Cameron Jill I. , Al-Harbi Samah , Simpson Racquel , Wakim Maha , Chiu Lily , Choong Karen 
Published: September 2020

Background
Outcomes in pediatric critical care research are typically selected by the researcher.

Objectives
(1) To identify outcomes prioritized by patients and their families following a critical illness and (2) to determine the overlap between patient-centered and researcher-selected study outcomes.

Methods
An exploratory descriptive qualitative study nested within a longitudinal cohort study conducted in 2 pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). Participants were purposively sampled from the primary cohort to ensure adequate demographic representation. Qualitative descriptive approaches based on naturalistic observation were used to collect data and analyze results. Data were coded by using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Children and Youth (ICF-CY) framework.

Results
Twenty-one participants were interviewed a mean of 5.1 months after PICU discharge. Outcomes fell into 2 categories: patient-centered and family-centered. In the former, diagnosis, survival, and prognosis were key priorities during the acute critical illness. Once survival appears possible, functioning (physical, cognitive, and emotional), and factors that influence recovery (ie, rehabilitation, environment, and quality of life) are prioritized. Family-centered outcomes consisted of parents’ psychosocial functioning and experience of care. Patient-centered outcomes were covered well by the selected study measures of functioning, but not by the clinical outcome measures.

Conclusion
Functioning and quality of life are key patient-centered outcomes during recovery from critical illness. These are not well captured by end points typically used in PICU studies. These results justify the importance of patient- and family-centered outcomes in PICU research and a need to determine how these outcomes can be comprehensively measured.
Evaluation of Stress Corrosion Cracking, Sulfide Stress Cracking, Galvanic-Induced Hydrogen Stress Cracking, and Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance of Aged UNS N06625 Forged Bars
Authors: Febbrari A. , Montani R. , Veronesi C. , Cavagnola M. , Brognoli E. , Gelfi M. , Pola A. 
Published: September 2020

UNS N06625 is a nickel-based superalloy used for oil and gas applications and commonly produced according to NACE MR0175 in the annealed/solution annealed condition. The annealing/solution annealing treatment makes the material corrosion resistant in the most challenging environments, in the presence of sulfides and chlorides at high pressure and temperature. However, thanks to its chemical composition, UNS N06625 can also be considered as an age-hardenable material whose mechanical strength can be improved by promoting the metastable second phase γ′′ precipitation into the γ matrix. However, the corrosion behavior of the aged alloy has never been investigated in NACE environments. This paper aims to understand the suitability of the age-hardened condition of UNS N06625 for oil and gas applications through the evaluation of the material corrosion performance in NACE level VII environments by using NACE TM0177 tests. Three heats of UNS N06625 have been produced and forged in different bar diameters: 152 mm (6 in), 203.2 mm (8 in), and 254 mm (10 in). Afterward, the bars have been annealed and age-hardened according to optimized time-temperature parameters and finally tested to assess their mechanical properties and resistance to stress corrosion cracking, sulfide stress cracking, galvanic-induced hydrogen stress cracking, and hydrogen embrittlement.
The importance of management information and soil moisture representation for simulating tillage effects on N2O emissions in LPJmL5.0-tillage
Authors: Lutz Femke , Del Grosso Stephen , Ogle Stephen , Williams Stephen , Minoli Sara , Rolinski Susanne , Heinke Jens , Stoorvogel Jetse J. , Müller Christoph 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. No-tillage is often suggested as a strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Modeling tillage effects on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions is challenging and subject to great uncertainties as the processes producing the emissions are complex and strongly nonlinear. Previous findings have shown deviations between the LPJmL5.0-tillage model (LPJmL: Lund–Potsdam–Jena managed Land) and results from meta-analysis on global estimates of tillage effects on N2O emissions. Here we tested LPJmL5.0-tillage at four different experimental sites across Europe and the USA to verify whether deviations in N2O emissions under different tillage regimes result from a lack of detailed information on agricultural management, the representation of soil water dynamics or both. Model results were compared to observational data and outputs from field-scale DayCent model simulations. DayCent has been successfully applied for the simulation of N2O emissions and provides a richer database for comparison than noncontinuous measurements at experimental sites. We found that adding information on agricultural management improved the simulation of tillage effects on N2O emissions in LPJmL. We also found that LPJmL overestimated N2O emissions and the effects of no-tillage on N2O emissions, whereas DayCent tended to underestimate the emissions of no-tillage treatments. LPJmL showed a general bias to overestimate soil moisture content. Modifications of hydraulic properties in LPJmL in order to match properties assumed in DayCent, as well as of the parameters related to residue cover, improved the overall simulation of soil water and N2O emissions simulated under tillage and no-tillage separately. However, the effects of no-tillage (shifting from tillage to no-tillage) did not improve. Advancing the current state of information on agricultural management and improvements in soil moisture highlights the potential to improve LPJmL5.0-tillage and global estimates of tillage effects on N2O emissions.
Where Théophile Gautier Meets Li Yu: Mining Divergence and Common Ground from the “Heying Lou” to “Le Pavillon sur l'eau”
Authors: Bai Yunfei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article traces how the vernacular romance “Heying lou” by Chinese writer Li Yu morphed into Théophile Gautier's novella “Le Pavillon sur l'eau.” The original story, first rendered into English by John Francis Davis under the title “The Shadow in the Water,” was further translated into French by Jean-Pierre Abel Rémusat as “L'Ombre dans l'eau”; it is upon this latter work that Gautier based his “Le Pavillon sur l'eau.” Drawing on a meticulous scrutiny of each author's input into this multilayered transmission, I argue that by artfully rewriting a seventeenth-century Chinese tale centered on polygamy in accordance with late romantic French aesthetics and by foreignizing his prose style, Gautier not only recovered the literary agency of the “Heying Lou” lost in the previous utilitarian translations, but also elevated Rémusat's rendering of the Chinese story from a marginal item in the sinological archive into a well-polished piece of world literature.
Identification of a prognostic signature of nine metabolism-related genes for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tang Chaozhi , Ma Jiakang , Liu Xiuli , Liu Zhengchun 
Published: September 2020

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer. Since changes in liver metabolism contribute to liver disease development, it is necessary to build a metabolism-related prognostic model for HCC.

Methods
We constructed a metabolism-related-gene (MRG) signature comprising nine genes, which segregated HCC patients into high- and low-risk groups.

Results
The survival rate (overall survival: OS; relapse-free survival; and progression-free survival) of patients in the low-risk group of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort was significantly higher than that of patients in the high-risk group. The OS prognostic signature was validated in the International Cancer Genome Consortium independent cohort. The corresponding receiver operating characteristic curves of the model indicated that the signature had good diagnostic efficiency, in terms of improving OS over 1, 3, and 5 years. Hierarchical analysis demonstrated that the MRG signature was significantly associated with better prognosis in male patients, patients aged ≤ 65 years, and patients carrying the wild-type TP53 or CTNNB1 genes. A nomogram was established, and good performance and clinical practicability were confirmed. Additionally, using the GSE109211 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, we were able to verify that the nine genes in this MRG signature had different responses to sorafenib, suggesting that some of these MRGs may act as therapeutic targets for HCC.

Conclusions
We believe that these findings will add value in terms of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HCC.
Assessing Students’ Well-being in Primary Health Care Setting as a Clinical Learning Environment
Authors: Abed Rabab Abdel Raoof 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Well-being in learning environment requires a culture that actively helps students to achieve their own potential. It requires a learning environment (LE) that supports physical, social and spiritual development. It has been shown that medical students experience high levels of stress that can hinder their performance, professionalism, and overall health.
With respect to primary health care (PHC), some studies have shown the relative advantage of PHC centers to provide opportunities for “hands on” practice by pre-clinical students, availability of general practitioners (GPs) to supervise students, and with respect to the scope of PHC, which includes, beside patient care, community health education. Unfortunately, some aspects of the training process in clinical learning environment (CLE) have unfavorable effect on students’ well-being. Medical students face personal distress with negative effect on academic achievement, competency, professionalism, and health.
We aimed to measure students wellbeing during their training in primary health care units.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study to assess well-being of undergraduate students in primary health care (PHC) centers affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University (FOM-SCU). In addition, to test psychometric prosperities of The MED-NORD (Medical Education in Nordic Countries) questionnaire through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). A comprehensive (purposive) Sample was taken from year 1, 2, and 3.
Results: Testing the psychometric prosperities of MED-NORD questionnaire revealed that the questionnaire contained 7 factors and 41 items. The seven factors are: Conceptions of learning and knowledge, Approaches to learning, Perceptions of the learning environment, Problems in studying, Optimism, Reflective learning, and Lack of interest. There were adequate correlations between the factors.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the students positively perceived their well-being. Furthermore, Students preferred collaborative knowledge building in learning. However, they use surface approach in their learning more than deep approach. This study also concluded good reliability and construct validity of MED-NORD questionnaire.
Seasonal Variation in Photosynthetically Active Radiation Interception and Radiation Use Efficiency in Green Gram [Vigna radiata (L.)Wilczek] in Lower Gangetic Plain of India
Authors: Basu Shrabani , Chakraborty Pramiti K. , Nath Rajib 
Published: September 2020

Aim: The present study was conducted for identifying sowing windows and cultivars of green gram in spring – summer and rainy seasons depending on light interception pattern and photo synthetically active radiation use efficiency (PARUE) in the lower Gangetic Plains of Eastern India.
Methodology: Five green gram varieties (V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5) were sown on four dates (D1, D2, D3 and D4) in the spring –summer season starting from 15th February and on three dates (D1, D2 and D3) in the rainy season, starting from 20th August at interval of 10 days. Cumulative intercepted PAR (CIPAR), PARUE for above ground biomass and green gram seed and the seed yield were measured. The experiments were conducted under strip –plot design.
Results: Results showed that CIPAR increased gradually in both the seasons under different dates of sowing. The mean PARUE for above ground biomass were 3.97, 4.58, 3.18 and 2.64 gMJ-1 for D1, D2, D3 and D4 sowings during spring – summer season. In rainy season the same was declined from 8.67 to 3.73 g MJ-1 with the delay in sowing. Maximum seed yield was obtained under D2 and V3 in the spring –summer and under D1 and V5 in the rainy season. The mean PARUE for seed yield were 0.65 and 0.64 g MJ-1 and 0.40 and 0.42 g MJ-1 in the spring summer seasons of 2011 and 2012 respectively. In the rainy season the maximum PARUE were 0.91 and 0.55 g MJ-1 under D1 for two experimental years.
Conclusion: Depending on PARUE Pant Mung – 5 and Mehashould be sown during 3rd week of February and August in this zone.
Histopathological Changes in Gastrointestinal Tissues of Wistar Rats Administered with Methanolic Leaf Extract of Caladium bicolor (Araceae)
Authors: Omotoso Dayo Rotimi , Akinola Adeniran Oluwadamilare , Brown Ibifuro 
Published: September 2020

To assess the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Caladium bicolor on the histomorphology of gastrointestinal tissues of experimental animals.
Twenty four Wistar rats (weighing between 175-190 g) were randomly and equally divided into four groups which include one control group (CG) and three treatment groups (TG I, TG II and TG III). The CG was administered with distilled water [2 ml/kg body weight (b.w.)] while TGs I, II and III were administered with 100 ml/kg, 200 ml/kg and 300 ml/kg (b.w.) of C. bicolor extract respectively. All administrations were done orally and once daily for a period of thirty days. The body weight of all animals was recorded at the beginning and end of study. After the period of study, gastric and small intestinal tissues of experimental animals were harvested, processed, converted to tissue blocks and sectioned. Tissue sections were stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) technique. Thereafter, stained sections microscopically examined for observable histopathological changes within study tissues.
The results of this study showed that exposure to C. bicolor extract causes significant (p < 0.05) body weight loss in TGs I-III compared to CG. In addition, prominent histopathological changes were observed in gastrointestinal tissues of experimental animals in TGs I-III including gastric mucosal surface erosion and intestinal villi degeneration compared to normal gastrointestinal histomorphology of CG animals.
These histopathological changes may be associated with toxic effect of phytochemicals constituents of the extract. Therefore, its application for therapeutic purposes needs to be thoroughly re-validated or perhaps disallowed where alternative therapeutic agents with minimal toxic potential exist.
Effects of Season Variation on Water, Feed, Milk Yield and Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows in Smallholder Farms in Eastern Africa
Authors: Mudavadi Ongadi Patrick , Emmanuel Mpolya Abraham , Charles Gachuiri , Namasake Muyekho Francis , Bernard Lukuyu Adubwa 
Published: September 2020

Aim: The smallholder dairy industry in Eastern Africa continues to be characterized by seasonality driven milk fluctuations and reproductive performance of dairy cows. In this review, we present important effects of changes in seasons on water, feed quantity and quality, milk yield and reproductive performance of dairy cows in smallholder dairy farms.
Methods: We considered peer-reviewed publications from 1990 to 2019, and extracted any information pertaining to the effects and intensity of changes in seasons and implications on water, feed quality and quantity, milk yield and reproductive performance.
Results: Seasonal variation in rainfall, characteristic of the East Africa region, is strongly reflected in cropping and feeding calendars. Hence, 305-days lactation milk production per cow in Eastern Africa ranges from 850-3150 kg/cow/year, which has not increased, partly because of lack of improvement in nutrition and management, but also due to slow genetic selection of breeds that matches available feed to milk yield and reproductive performance. High milk fluctuations arise mostly because of farmers’ dependence on rainfall for feed production and rarely make provisions for preserving fodder for the dry season, as there isn’t adequate forage (fodder and pasture) even during the wet season.
Conclusion: For the smallholder dairy farmers to remain competitive, it is important to increase the dairy value chain capability to manage implications of changes in seasons on milk yield and reproduction. Therefore, in order to overcome the current seasonal changes, we have discussed technological interventions in adoption of practical, sustainable farmer-led strategies for optimizing water and feed production, milk yield and reproductive performance in Eastern Africa. We have also identified knowledge gaps where research is needed to guide dairy value chain stakeholders on how to ameliorate current seasonal changes or that we expect will occur in the future.