bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSIII-10 Economic impact from the use of genetically evaluated registered animals-PO and with special certificate of identification and production-PODIUM in brazilian savannah
Authors: Magnabosco Cláudio U , Brunes Ludmilla , Lobo Raysildo , Pereira Leticia , Crozara Adriano , Magnabosco Valentina , Baldi Fernando 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the economic impact from the use of Nellore registered animals (PO) and with special certificate of identification and production (PODIUM) in comparison to commercial cattle. Information from 3174 and 5364 of PO and PODIUM animals, adjusted for contemporary groups and age on the measurement of the rib eye area (REA), provided by the National Association of Breeders and Researchers were used. Economic information of the production costs and of the income from the three systems, was obtained from HoRa Agribusiness. Economic analysis was conducted by using the total economic genetic merit (TEGM), genetic economic index (GEI), weight at 365 days of age (W365), scrotal circumference at 365 days of age (SC365), and REA. Analyzes of the regression of sale values and phenotypes were used function of the genetic evaluation. The R program was used to run the data analysis. The production costs per head were $831.78, 653.20 and 227.04, and the liquid receipt was $1085.62, 995.76 and 414.18, for the PO, PODIUM and commercial, respectively (Table 1). Considering the same productive area (4132 hectares), the production systems’ revenues of PO, PODIUM and commercial was $3,505,768.93; 3,289,675.94 and 1,369,426.86, respectively. It was observed a greater profitability per head and per hectare for systems with production of PO and PODIUM cattle. The economic value from the increase of 1 point of TEGM and GEI, considering PO and PODIUM animals, was $194.24 and 167.04, respectively. The phenotypic values from the increase of 1 point of expected predict difference in the progeny (EPD) for W365 and SC365 and REA, considering PO and PODIUM animals, were 2.01 and 2.12 kg; 2.85 and 2.81 cm; and 3.71 and 4.89, cm2, respectively. The use of evaluated sires is effective in terms of phenotypic progress, and at the achievement of greater economic return.
PSXII-27 Microsatellite analysis of the historical and modern populations of the Russian local cattle breeds
Authors: Abdelmanova Alexandra , Mishina Arina I , Volkova Valeria , Dotsev Arsen V , Sermyagin Alexander A , Boronetskaya Oksana , Petrikeeva Lidiya , Chinarov Roman , Brem Gottfried , Zinovieva Natalia A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
During the last centuries, a variety of cattle breeds adapted to the local climatic conditions have been developed in different countries. However, in the 20th century many of them were replaced by high-producing industrial breeds, which can lead to the losses of biodiversity. Our aim was to estimate the genetic diversity of Russian native cattle breeds based on the analysis of historical (museum) and modern samples. Historical samples were derived from the craniological collection of the Museum of Livestock named after E.F. Liskun (Moscow). Forty-six samples including Kholmogor (n = 18), Yaroslavl (n = 19), Saratov (n = 5), Novgorod (n = 2) and Great Russian cattle (n = 2) were subjected to the study. Holland cattle (n = 3) was additionally included in the study due to their possible contribution in forming Russian cattle breeds. The modern samples were presented by Yaroslavl (n = 62) and Kholmogor (n = 177) breeds, and Holstein breed (n = 158) was used as an outgroup. All of the works with historical samples were carried out in the facility of the L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center dedicated for the work with ancient DNA. Nine microsatellite loci (TGLA227, BM2113, ETH10, SPS115, TGLA122, INRA23, TGLA126, ETH225, and BM1824) were successfully amplificated in all samples. We observed the higher variability in historical samples comparing to modern samples: the values of unbiased expected heterozygosity were 0.65–0.85 and 0.70–0.74; the values of rarified allele richness were 2.72–3.11 and 2.63–2.76, respectively. The total number of private alleles was higher in historical populations (16) comparing to modern ones (12). The genetic relationship between historical and modern populations were evaluated. Our results indicate a decrease in genetic diversity in modern populations and a possible loss of valuable allelic combinations. The research results will be useful for development of comprehensive strategies for the conservation of the Russian native genetic resources of cattle. The study was funded by RSF №19-76-20012.
PSXII-28 miRNA2382-5p regulates production of triglyceride in mammary epithelial cells via targeting NDRG2 of dairy cattle
Authors: Xia Lixin , Fang Xibi , Zhao Zhihui , Yang Runjun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Based on the conjoint analysis of RNA-seq and Solexa sequencing of BMECs from dairy cattle with high and low milk fat percentages, miRNA2382-5p was screened as a differentially expressed miRNA, and NDRG2 might be the target gene of miRNA2382-5p. Materials and Methods: The experimental BMECs were previously constructed in our laboratory. The triglyceride Kit was used to separate the cells and detect the content of triglyceride. The target relationship of miRNA2382-5p and NDRG2 was validated by luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR and western blot. The data were analyzed by GraphPad 6.0. Results: The detection of triglyceride content in BMECs showed that the triglyceride in BMECs transfected with miRNA2382-5p mimics significantly decreased compared with BMECs transfected with control, and the triglyceride in BMECs transfected with miRNA2382-5p inhibitor significantly increased. The luciferase reporter assays revealed that the luciferase activity of BMECs transfected with pmiR-NDRG2-WT was decreased compared with BMECs transfected with pmiRR-NDRG2-mut and pmiR-REPORT. The qRT-PCR and western blot result showed that the expression of NDRG2 in BMECs transfected with miRNA2382-5p mimics was significantly decreased, and the expression of NDRG2 in BMECs transfected with the miRNA2382-5p inhibitor was significantly increased compared with BMECs transfected with control. Moreover, compared with control group, the triglyceride in BMECs transfected with pBI-CMV3-NDRG2 was significantly increased, and the pGPU6/GFP/Neo-NDRG2 group was significantly decreased. Discussion and Conclusions: Comparative proteomics analysis of longissimus muscle from different breeds of cattle showed that NDRG2 was positively correlated with intramuscular fat deposition. In our study, we screened NDRG2 as a DEG in both the RNA-seq and conjoint analyses and confirmed that NDRG2 is a target gene of miRNA2382-5p. MiRNA2382-5p can inhibit the production of triglyceride, and the overexpression of NDRG2 can promote the production of triglyceride. Therefore, we believe that miRNA2382-5p can affect triglyceride production by negatively regulating the expression of NDRG2.
PSXII-33 The Effect of Log Transformation on Carcass Data Measured by Ultrasound
Authors: Choi Tae Jeong , Park Byoungho , Oh Hannah , Sang-Hyon Oh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study is to evaluate the effect of log transformation on ultrasound data records on the genetic evaluation of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) proven bulls. Three different scenarios were established: genetic evaluations using (A) only yearling weights (YW; n = 15,665) and carcass traits (CT); (B) YW, CT and raw ultrasound data at 12 and 24 months of age; and (C) YW, CT and log transformed data of raw ultrasound data records in (B). Carcass traits include carcass weight (CW; n = 6,526), loin muscle area (LMA; n = 6,820), backfat thickness (BFT; n = 6,723), and intramuscular fat (IMF; n = 5,037). Ultrasound traits include LMA, BFT, and fat content (FC; %), which were measured with Aquila Vet (Pie Medical) between the 12th and 13th rib. REMLF90 was used to estimate genetic parameters such as heritability and genetic correlations. Rank correlations of breeding values were analyzed using SAS 9.2. The heritability of YW was the highest at (B) and reduced by 0.2% at (C). The heritability of CW was higher at (B) and (C) than at (A) by 0.6%. In the case of BFT and IMF, (B) and (C) was 0.5% and 0.6% higher than (A) and -1.0% and -0.8% lower than (A), respectively. The heritabilities regarding ultrasound traits at 12 months of age were higher for LMA and FC in (C) than (B), and higher for BFT in (B) than (C). In the case of 24 months of age, (C) was higher in all ultrasound traits than (B). The rank correlations of (B) and (C) at 12 months were 0.995 in ultrasound LMA and 0.991 in ultrasound BFT. For 24 months, the correlations were 0.989 and 0.986, respectively. In conclusion, the results didn’t provide us with evidence of a significant difference in genetic evaluations among different scenarios regarding log transformation on ultrasound data records of carcass traits.
PSVIII-4 Bone marrow architectonics of turkeys hybrid cross «Converter»
Authors: Kotarev Vyacheslav , Parshin Pavel , Mikhaylov Evgeniy , Anipchenko Polina , Shabunin Boris 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this research was to study bone marrow architectonics and the peculiarities of hematopoiesis of turkeys cross «Converter». To study the hemopoiesis at the age of 50 days, the samples of the red bone marrow from the femur were selected. Samples were prepared according to standard methods for histological and cytological examination. Four lineages of hematopoiesis (erythrocytic, monocytic, granulocytic and platelet) were isolated from the bone marrow of turkeys. The erythrocytic lineage was represented by erythroblasts, rubricytes and mature erythrocytes. In the process of maturation, the erythroblast initially uniformly decreased, turning into rubricyte. Then the cytoplasm and nucleus enlarged and acquired an oval shape. A mature erythrocyte was formed. Hematopoiesis of eosinophils and basophils in turkeys was similar to hematopoiesis in mammals. They also formed from myeloblasts. At the stage of promyelocyte, granularity of the cytoplasm appeared. At the stage of myelocyte, the number of granules increased, and the granularity acquired a typical shape and color. Then the nucleus acquired a rod-shaped form, and after it was segmented into 2–5 segments. Heterophiles were divided into two types (with rounded and elongated granules). Heterophile granules were about 2 times bigger than eosinophils, and cytoplasm granularity was significantly sparser. Monocytes in turkeys had a rounded cytoplasm, in which small granules were sometimes present, and the nucleus was shifted to the periphery. Mature monocytes differed from promonocytes in a smaller nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. Platelets had a centrally located nucleus and an oval cytoplasm with granules inside. Prothrombocytes were approximately 1.5 times larger than mature platelets. The lymphoid lineage is not represented, which indicates an extramedullary lymphopoiesis. A significant difference was the absence of megakaryocytes and the development of platelets from thromboblasts. Granulocytic and monocytic lineages were similar to those in mammals, and erythroid one was represented only by nucleated erythrocytes.
PSVIII-21 The effect of medicinal extracts on microflora and enzymatic processes of calf rumen
Authors: Atlanderova Kseniya , Makaeva Ajna , Rysaev Albert , Nurzhanov Baer , Duskaev Galimzhan , Rayzanov Vitalii 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The fight against antibiotic resistance and a decrease in the greenhouse effect leads to the search for safe alternative substances for animals, special attention is paid to phytochemicals in medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extracts of Oríganum vulgáre (OV) and Hypéricum perforátum (HP; 0.5 ml/kg body weight) on ruminal microflora and fermentation characteristics against the background of control (C). The extracts were added to water of bulls with rumen fistula (14-month, diet - 70% hay, 30% barley grain). The fermentation parameters (CH4, digestibility of dry matter of the grain) were analyzed daily, and the microflora was analyzed using highly efficient sequencing of 16S rRNA gene (Illumina). OV and HP were prepared by grinding, extraction in a water bath (30 min, 70 ° C) and filtration. According to the results, the addition of OV and HP reduces the formation of CH4 and the digestibility of CB did not differ compared to C (48.7 and 47.8%, against 50.6%). The phylum of archaea Euryarchaeota was small and dominant in OV and HP. The phylum of Bacteroidetes dominated and was higher than that of C, that of OV was 35.6% (P ≤ 0.05) and HP was 30.7% (P ≤ 0.05). The Bacteroidia class (30.0–31.5%) changed similarly due to the families Porphyromonadaceae (P ≤ 0.05), Prevotellaceae (P ≤ 0.05). OV showed a tendency towards a decrease in Firmicutes phylum, and increase in bacteria of the Clostridia class by 11.1% (P ≤ 0.05). Clostridia class prevailed in HP by 14.5% (P ≤ 0.05) in comparison with C, due to Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiales families. This study highlights the potential use of OV and HP in cattle diets aimed at decreasing methane production and increasing gram-negative bacteria. This research was performed with financial support from the RSF (16-16-10048) and project 0761-2019-0005.
PSVIII-13 Evaluation of the effect of chlortetracycline on ruminal microbiome of ruminant against a background of plant extract
Authors: Rayzanov Vitalii , Nurzhanov Baer , Rysaev Albert , Duskaev Galimzhan , Miroshnikov Ivan S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The limited use of antibiotics stimulates the search for alternatives or ways to reduce antibiotic resistance in order to prevent diseases and increase the productivity of ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Quercus cortex (QC) extract (0.5 ml/kg body weight) together with chlortetracycline (Ch) (20%, 10 g/head/day) on cattle ruminal microbiome against the background of control (C), extract of QC and Ch. They were added separately as a substrate to the diets of bulls with rumen fistula (dairy breed, 12-months, diet - 80% hay, 20% grain feed, within 20 days). Microflora was analyzed using highly efficient sequencing of 16S rRNA gene (Illumina). QC was prepared by purification, grinding (1–2 mm), extraction in a water bath (30 min, 70 ° C). The taxonomic composition of ruminal microbiocenosis in control animals was represented by Bacteria and Fungi domains — 82.1 and 17.9%; QC - 99.8 and 0.2% was not classified; Ch - 10.4 and 89.6%; QC + Ch - 95.2 and 4.8%. Feeding with QC + Ch led to a decrease in phylums Bacteroidetes (P ≤ 0.05), Firmicutes (P ≤ 0.05), Proteobacteria compared to C. An increase in bacteria of Bacteroidia class (by 42.9% (P ≤ 0.05)) due to the species Prevotella and a decrease in the class of Gammaproteobacteria (by 6.9%) were registered. The species composition was characterized by a decrease in bacteria of Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Escherichia, Fibrobacter genera. Ch group characterized by a decrease Fungi Ascomycota (P ≤ 0.05) and an increase in Chytridiomycota (P ≤ 0.05) and were not identified in QC and QC + Ch. Thus, this study highlights the potential use of plant extracts as an additional feed supplement, which can reduce the negative effects of chlortetracycline on the development of gram-positive bacteria and Fungi. This research was performed with financial support from the RSF (16-16-10048).
PSVIII-15 Genome wide DNA methylation analysis reveals role of DNA methylation in cow’s ileal response to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
Authors: Ibeagha-Awemu Eveline M , Bhattarai Suraj , Dedemaine Pier-Luc , Wang Mengqi , McKay Stephanie D , Zhao Xin , Bissonnette Nathalie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Several investigations on disease progression of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in dairy cows have revealed molecular mechanisms including genes and pathways implicated in MAP pathogenesis. Epigenetic processes including DNA methylation are known to regulate the expression of genes and many biological processes. However, limited studies have examined the role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of Johne’s disease (JD). This study examined the impact of subclinical MAP infection on DNA methylation profile in the ileum of cows, the site of initial interaction between MAP and host. DNA from ileum tissues from five cows positive for MAP (direct fecal qPCR and blood ELISA test; MAP+/+) and 5 cows negative for MAP (MAP-/-) were subjected to whole genome bisulfite sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. 2000 differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs; FDR&lt; 0.05) and 205 differentially methylated regions (DMRs; P &lt; 0.01) were detected. Majority of DMCs and DMRs are located in intergenic regions (87.2% and 57.1%) followed by intronic regions (12.8% and 30.7%) of genes, respectively. Some DMCs are located on 250 genes including genes that were previously identified to be associated with JD (e.g. IL-12RB2, CD38). Interestingly, CD38, known to play roles in the effective containment of mycobacteria within granulomata in cows and genetic polymorphisms in IL-12RB2 are associated with JD and human Crohn’s disease. Also, several genes of the solute carrier family including SLC13A3, SLC15A1, SLC17A7, SLC25A21, SLC25A38 and SLC9A9 harbored DMCs. Some members of this gene family participate in pathogen clearance and have associations with JD. Our data suggest that DNA methylation changes may have regulatory roles in host (ileum) response to MAP infection. Our data therefore suggest that DNA methylation changes contribute to the regulation of host response to MAP pathogenesis and may be one of the mechanisms that MAP uses to subvert host immune responses for its survival.
PSIV-22 Validation of 26a and let7 microRNA as early pregnancy markers in single cow blood samples, at day 28 after embryo transfer
Authors: De los Santos Jorge A , Andrade João Paulo N , Berndtson Jodi L , Santos Jorge de L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work we validated the previous scientific reports done in pooled samples by two different groups, over the miRNA expression in single blood from pregnant cows. Particularly we indagate the expression at day 28 after embryo transfer of let 7a, and 26a as well as 16 microRNAs (miRNA) family. By qPCR technique, we demonstrated that let 7a, and 26a increase maximum 2.1 and 2.6 fold change respectively in pregnant vs non-pregnant nulliparous heifers. This represents an exciting opportunity to use the differential expression of these miRNAs as early pregnancy markers and better understand the relationship with the cellular and molecular interaction between mother and embryo.
PSVII-1 A preliminary phenotypic characterization of Raramuri Criollo cattle
Authors: McIntosh Matthew , Gonzalez Alfredo , Cibils Andres , Estell Rick , Nyamuryekung’e Shelemia , Spiegal Sheri 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Raramuri Criollo (RC) are one of 33 known biotypes of heritage Criollo cattle that exist throughout the Americas today. They have been raised by the Tarahumara peoples of the Copper Canyon in Chihuahua, Mexico, for over 400 years and exhibit remarkable rusticity and adaptation to harsh grazing environments. To date, no quantitative phenotypic description of this biotype exists. Our objective was to characterize RC cattle via 26 phenotype traits to provide a preliminary biotype standard. Twenty-eight multiparous RC cows, 4 primiparous heifers, and 4 bulls were selected from a purebred herd of approximately 200 animals at the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range. These 36 animals were selected by a Criollo cattle expert based on body conformation correctness. SAS 9.4 was used to determine means, SEs or frequency of measured traits. Multiparous pregnant and cycling cows averaged 366.8 ± 9.8 kg live body weight, 121.8 ± 0.9 cm withers height, horn widths of 60.3 ± 1.6 cm, horn diameters of 5.7 ± 0.1 cm, chest girths of 183.6 ± 12.0 cm, hip widths of 44.5 ± 0.5 cm, flank girths of 52.2 ± 0.9 cm, body length of 90.0 ± 1.7 cm, neck lengths of 52.0 ± 0.9 cm, and tail lengths of 83.3 ± 1.4 cm. Bulls consistently averaged higher values for all traits and weighed 618.2 ± 9.8 kg with scrotal circumferences of 36.8 ± 0.7 cm. RC cattle exhibited mostly convex nose bridges (89%), open-back horns (49%), black muzzles, hooves, and eyes (62, 69, and 81%, respectively), small ears (78%), oblique eyes (70%), high-set tail heads (86%), short hooves (95%), and short hair (78%). Our preliminary characterization of RC phenotypes will be useful in selecting RC individuals for genotypic evaluation to eventually maintain a distinct purebred registry of this Criollo biotype.
PSVIII-27 Interactions between the stage of maturity of Eragrostis tef hay and supplemental energy source on forage utilization in beef heifers
Authors: Stevens Allison , Myers Cheyanne , Hall John B , Chibisa Gwinyai E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study evaluated the interaction between the stage of maturity of Eragrostis tef (teff) grass and supplemental energy source on ruminal fermentation characteristics and nitrogen (N) utilization. Six ruminally-fistulated beef heifers were used in a 3 × 3 split-plot design (21 d periods). The whole plot factor was stage of maturity of teff hay [early- (EH) or late-heading (LH)], and the subplot factor was supplemental energy source [no supplement (CON), rolled corn grain or beet pulp pellet (BP)] fed at 0.5% of body weight. Feed intake was measured daily. Indwelling pH loggers were used to measure ruminal pH (d 14 to 21) and ruminal fluid was collected from d 19 to 21 to determine fermentation characteristics, as were feces and urine to measure N excretion. Data was analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. There was no stage of maturity × supplement interaction for all measurements (P ≥ 0.17). Although dry matter intake (DMI) tended to be greater (P = 0.07) for heifers fed EH than LH hay, it did not differ (P = 0.88) across supplements. Ruminal acetate concentration tended (P = 0.098) to be greater for EH than LH heifers, whereas butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.045) for BPP than CON heifers. However, the duration and area pH &lt; 6.2 and 5.8 did not differ (P &gt; 0.12) across treatments. Except for microbial N flow, which was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for EH than LH heifers, there was no stage of maturity or supplement effect (P ≥ 0.14) on measures of N utilization. In summary, feeding teff hay harvested at the EH than LH stage of maturity increased DMI and microbial N supply, whereas feeding corn and BP as energy supplements to beef heifers had no effect on ruminal pH.