bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
173 It Smells Fishy: A Case Report and Discussion of Olfactory Reference Syndrome
Authors: Lodhi Shafi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:Background: Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is a psychiatric condition characterized by the belief that one is emitting a foul body odor. The earliest cases of this disorder were often labeled as variants of schizophrenia. There remains significant controversy over whether this condition represents a manifestation of other psychiatric conditions or if it is a unique disorder in its own right. Through various revisions of the DSM, the disorder has been categorized at times as an atypical somatoform disorder (DSM-III), a delusional disorder (DSM-IV-TR), and an Other Specified Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (DSM-5).Case History:We present the case of a 51 year old African American female who initially presented to an emergency room with chief complaint of vaginal odor. She stated that if the odor was not treated, she would commit suicide. Medical workup in the emergency room was unremarkable and no odor was detected. The patient was placed on a psychiatric hold and transferred to the Psychiatric Emergency Room. In the PES, the patient reported that she was afraid of eviction from her apartment due to the “horrible” smell that she was emitting. The patient had presented to multiple emergency departments over the preceding year complaining of vaginal odor. The patient persisted in her belief about this smell despite multiple medical providers informing her that they could detect no abnormal smell. Unconvinced, the patient went to great lengths to treat this odor. When normal showering did not cause the odor to cease, the patient began manually inserting pieces of deodorant into her vaginal canal. This was extracted at an outside hospital after the patient presented for treatment after developing an infection. After discharge, the patient began mixing a household cleaning product containing benzalkonium chloride with bleach and used this mixture for vaginal douching. When even this did not eliminate the perceived odor, she presented to our emergency room stating that if the odor was not treated, she would attempt suicide.Discussion:Although ORS has been described since the 1800’s, the first systematic description in the literature was a case series in 1971 by Pryse-Phillips. While ORS has been increasingly reported in the scientific literature, the DSM-5 does not consider it to be a unique clinical entity.Conclusion/Teaching Point:This case highlights the importance of clinicians being aware of clinical entities which exist outside the DSM-5. As shown in this case, ORS may lead to severe impairment and even suicidal ideation Despite this, there is a scarcity of literature on evidence based treatments for ORS. It has typically been treated with either a moderate dose SSRI or a low dose antipsychotic, with or without CBT. Given the high level of distress and disability caused by the condition, greater awareness of its existence and greater research on its treatment is certainly warranted.
189 Comparison of Traditional Therapy Versus Biofeedback for Tension Type and Migraine Headaches
Authors: Nathu Ghazala , Nathu Adila 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:The effectiveness of biofeedback therapy in treating headache has been explored in various clinical settings. However, few studies in the literature focused on well- diagnosed patients who failed properly applied analgesic treatment. The aim of the study is to explore whether the combination of biofeedback and analgesics is more effective than analgesics alone in treating patients with pharmacologically uncontrolled tension type headache and migraine. The hypothesis is that the combination of biofeedback and analgesics is more effective than analgesics alone in treating patients with uncontrolled tension type headache and migraine.Electromyographic and thermal biofeedback was utilized as an add-on treatment for 25 patients whose tension type headache and migraine was pharmacologically uncontrolled. The effect of the combination therapy was compared with the treatment effect of 25 similar patients, who continued receiving pharmacological treatment alone. All the subjects from the two groups were randomly selected from the pool of patients with uncontrolled tension type headache and migraine. The progress of two groups was closely monitored and data was collected for statistical analysis, which consists of Chi Square, non-parametric ANOVA, and Mann- Whitney U test.Some positive results were observed from the group of patients receiving combination therapy of biofeedback and analgesics, including: reduced use of analgesics, reduced muscle tension, reduced pain score, decrease in intensity, frequency, and duration of headache. These positive outcomes were rarely observed from the comparison group, in which pharmacological treatment was continued alone.The results indicate that the addition of biofeedback to standard analgesic therapy may be more effective than analgesics alone in treating patients with uncontrolled tension type headache and migraine. Further research is suggested to validate these findings and improve treatment effectiveness.
Is your document novel? Let attention guide you. An attention-based model for document-level novelty detection
Authors: Ghosal Tirthankar , Edithal Vignesh , Ekbal Asif , Bhattacharyya Pushpak , Chivukula Srinivasa Satya Sameer Kumar , Tsatsaronis George 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDetecting, whether a document contains sufficient new information to be deemed as novel, is of immense significance in this age of data duplication. Existing techniques for document-level novelty detection mostly perform at the lexical level and are unable to address the semantic-level redundancy. These techniques usually rely on handcrafted features extracted from the documents in a rule-based or traditional feature-based machine learning setup. Here, we present an effective approach based on neural attention mechanism to detect document-level novelty without any manual feature engineering. We contend that the simple alignment of texts between the source and target document(s) could identify the state of novelty of a target document. Our deep neural architecture elicits inference knowledge from a large-scale natural language inference dataset, which proves crucial to the novelty detection task. Our approach is effective and outperforms the standard baselines and recent work on document-level novelty detection by a margin of
$\sim$
3% in terms of accuracy.
Relationship Between Precipitation Extremes and Convective Organization Inferred From Satellite Observations
Authors: Semie Addisu Gezahegn , Bony Sandrine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConvective organization has the potential to impact the strength of precipitation extremes, but numerical models disagree about this influence. This study uses satellite observations to investigate the link between the mesoscale organization of deep convection and precipitation extremes in the Tropics. Extremes in domain‐averaged precipitation are found mostly over the western Pacific and Indian Ocean warm pools, and they primarily depend on the number of deep convective entities within the domain. On the other hand, extremes in local precipitation are found primarily over land, and they increase with the degree of convective organization. Therefore, this observational study shows evidence for a modulation of the strength of tropical precipitation extremes by the spatial organization of deep convection, especially over land.
An Improved Beta Method for Ice Cloud Property Retrievals: Theory
Authors: Saito Masanori , Yang Ping , Heidinger Andrew K. , Li Yue 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe beta method has long been used for ice cloud property retrievals with the utilization of thermal infrared observations. The method assumes an idealized cloud that is isothermal and does not scatter radiation, which results in systematic biases in ice cloud property retrievals. We improve the beta method by taking into account, for the first time since the beta method was developed, a nonisothermal cloud layer and the cloud scattering effects. The improved beta method provides almost unbiased cloud optical thickness retrievals for typical cirrus clouds and reduces the systematic biases of effective particle radius retrievals for optically thin clouds. The improved beta method does not involve either Jacobian or iterative radiative transfer calculations. As a result, this method is computationally efficient, robustly applicable to any historical and current spaceborne thermal infrared observations, and capable of processing a large amount of satellite data.
Soil Organic Carbon Redistribution and Delivery by Soil Erosion in a Small Catchment of the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Zeng Yi , Fang Nufang , Shi Zhihua , Lu Xixi , Wang Zhengang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSoil erosion modulates the atmospheric CO2 level by affecting the redistribution of young biospheric organic carbon (OCbio) and ancient petrogenic organic carbon (OCpetro) in different order streams. However, the fate of soil organic carbon (SOC) in low‐order stream systems is still uncertain due to the complex influences of terrain, land uses, and anthropogenic disturbances. Here, we used the geochemical properties fingerprinting method and a radiocarbon‐based two‐member mixing model to clarify the source, budgets, and composition of SOC in a low‐order stream catchment in the Yellow River basin. The results showed that the primary source of SOC in the catchment was agricultural activity area, which accounted for 68.5%. After vegetation restoration, the SOC delivery rate and loss rate decreased from 0.38 ± 0.06 to 0.26 ± 0.04 and 0.19 ± 0.06 to 0.14 ± 0.04 t·ha−1·yr−1, respectively. The SOC mobilized by soil erosion in the source area was 1,085.8 ± 170.5 t from 1969 to 2015, and the SOC lost during the transport process was 552.9 ± 170.1 t. The lost carbon was dominated by OCbio, whereas the loss of OCpetro was minimal. Soil erosion can mobilize the OCpetro sequestered in terrestrial ecosystems and deliver it to a river system if it is not intercepted. The oxidation of OCpetro during long‐distance fluvial transport may represent a significant carbon source for atmospheric CO2 on a geological timescale. This study contributes to our understanding of the carbon sink/source issue and quantifies the SOC budgets in stream systems.
Ice Core Record of Persistent Short‐Chain Fluorinated Alkyl Acids: Evidence of the Impact From Global Environmental Regulations
Authors: Pickard Heidi M. , Criscitiello Alison S. , Persaud Daniel , Spencer Christine , Muir Derek C. G. , Lehnherr Igor , Sharp Martin J. , De Silva Amila O. , Young Cora J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractShort chain perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acids (scPFCAs, CxF2x+1COOH, x ≤ 3) are persistent compounds formed from atmospheric oxidation of fluorotelomer compounds and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) replacements introduced as a result of the Montreal Protocol. Understanding sources and impacts of scPFCAs has been limited by observational data. We report multidecadal depositional fluxes for trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA), and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) from two Arctic ice cores. Fluxes of all three scPFCAs increase starting around 1990. Through comparison with chemical transport models and assessment of temporal trends, we observe the importance of CFC replacements in the increased deposition of TFA. Fluorotelomer degradation may contribute to the deposition of PFBA but is insignificant for TFA and PFPrA. Deposition of TFA is expected to increase as new CFC replacement compounds are phased in. This work demonstrates the increased environmental burden of persistent and potentially toxic scPFCAs as a result of global regulation.
Fused Filament Fabrication 3‐D Printing of Reactive Porous Media
Authors: Anjikar Ishan S. , Wales Shelby , Beckingham Lauren E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the impacts of porous media properties on geochemical reactions is challenging due to the highly heterogeneous nature of natural samples. This work explores the use of 3‐D printing to create synthetic rock samples with reactive properties mimicking those of natural samples. Here, X‐ray Computed Tomography and 3‐D printing were used to recreate the pore network structure and reactive properties of a Paluxy sandstone. Novel, reactive filaments for 3‐D printing synthetic rock samples were constructed from mixtures of high impact polystyrene and calcite. The distribution and accessible calcite surface area of printed samples were evaluated and compared to values for the real rock sample. Only a small fraction of the total calcite was on the surface of the printed sample, but the accessible calcite surface area was comparable to real samples such that 3‐D printing may be a feasible means of fabricating reactive porous media samples.
Variability of the Subantarctic Mode Water Volume in the South Indian Ocean During 2004–2018
Authors: Hong Yu , Du Yan , Qu Tangdong , Zhang Ying , Cai Wenju 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn analysis of Argo data reveals that the subantarctic mode water (SAMW) in the South Indian Ocean (SIO), characterized by a vertical potential vorticity (PV) minimum, decreases by 10% in volume from 2004 to 2018. Most of this decrease occurs at the 26.8–26.9 kg m−3 density range which forms southwest of Australia, while a slight volume increase occurs at 26.6–26.8 kg m−3. Further analysis indicates that the weakening of the Mascarene High and westerly winds in the SIO reduces the evaporation‐precipitation, surface heat flux, and Ekman pumping and shoals the mixed layer southwest of Australia, which leads to a volume decrease at 26.8–26.9 kg m−3 in approximately 3 years. West of 90°E, the parameters exhibit the opposite change, leading to a volume increase at 26.6–26.8 kg m−3. This result suggests that surface winds play an important role in the variability of the SIO SAMW volume during the Argo period.
CircGCN1L1 promotes synoviocyte proliferation and chondrocyte apoptosis by targeting miR-330-3p and TNF-α in TMJ osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhu Huimin , Hu Yihui , Wang Chuandong , Zhang Xiaoling , He Dongmei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAltered expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been identified in various human diseases. In this study, we investigated whether circRNAs function as competing endogenous RNAs to regulate the pathological process of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). High-throughput sequencing of mRNA (RNA seq) was performed to detect the expression of circRNAs in TMJOA and control synovial tissues isolated from humans. The differentially upregulated circGCN1L1 (hsa_circ_0000448) in synoviocyte was validated in vitro and in vivo. Here we demonstrate the interactions between circGCN1L1 and both miR-330-3p and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) through bioinformatics predictions, luciferase report assays, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. mRNA expression profiles of TNF-α-stimulated synoviocyte showed that circGCN1L1 and p65 expressions were upregulated by TNF-α. Moreover, miR-330-3p was negatively correlated with TNF-α secretion. Further, we found that miR-330-3p directly targeted TNF and restrained the production of matrix-degrading enzymes (MMP3, MMP13, and ADAMTS4). Mechanistic studies unveiled that circGCN1L1 in TMJOA synovial tissues and cells may be associated with condylar chondrocyte apoptosis and synoviocyte hyperplasia. Moreover, intra-articular injection of shcircGCN1L1 alleviated TMJOA progression in rat models. Altogether, we elucidated the important roles of a novel circRNA, namely, circGCN1L1, which induced inflammation in TMJ synoviocytes and decreased anabolism of the extracellular matrix (ECM) through miR-330-3p and TNF-α gene. This circRNA may represent a potentially effective therapeutic strategy against TMJOA progression at an early stage.
Intervention of oncostatin M-driven mucosal inflammation by berberine exerts therapeutic property in chronic ulcerative colitis
Authors: Li Heng , Feng Chunlan , Fan Chen , Yang Yang , Yang Xiaoqian , Lu Huimin , Lu Qiukai , Zhu Fenghua , Xiang Caigui , Zhang Zongwang , He Peilan , Zuo Jianping , Tang Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and etiologically refractory inflammatory gut disorder. Although berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, has been revealed to exert protective effects on experimental colitis, the underlying molecular mechanism in chronic intestinal inflammation remains ill-defined. This study was designed to uncover the therapeutic efficacy and immunomodulatory role of berberine in chronic UC. Therapeutic effects of oral administration of berberine were investigated in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine chronic UC and the underlying mechanisms were further identified by si-OSMR transfection in human intestinal stromal cells. Berberine significantly attenuated the experimental symptoms and gut inflammation of chronic UC. Berberine treatment could also maintain the intestinal barrier function and rectify tissue fibrosis. In accordance with infiltrations of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), and activated NK cells in colonic lamina propria, increased expression of OSM and OSMR were observed in the inflamed tissue of chronic UC, which were decreased following berberine treatment. Moreover, berberine inhibited the overactivation of human intestinal stromal cells through OSM-mediated JAK-STAT pathway, which was obviously blocked upon siRNA targeting OSMR. The research provided an infusive mechanism of berberine and illustrated that OSM and OSMR intervention might function as the potential target in chronic UC.
Longitudinal relationship of favorable weight change to academic performance in children
Authors: Ishihara Toru , Nakajima Toshihiro , Yamatsu Koji , Okita Koichi , Sagawa Masato , Morita Noriteru 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough there is a growing consensus about the positive relationship between prevention of overweight/obesity and academic performance in children, relevant studies targeting the relationship between underweight and academic performance are scarce. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship of favorable weight change to academic performance in schoolchildren. We analyzed 2-year longitudinal data derived from 197 seventh-grade children aged 12–13 years. Academic performance was assessed using the total grade points of five academic subjects. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as body weight (kg)/height (m2). A significant interaction effect of baseline BMI and BMI changes over 2 years (B = −0.10, SE B = 0.03, β = −0.40, t = –3.37, p < 0.001) was noted after controlling for confounders such as socioeconomic status, afterschool learning duration, screen time, exercise habits, and cardiorespiratory fitness. When the centered baseline BMI was outside the interval [−2.49, 3.21], the slope of the change in BMI was significant (p < 0.05). Simple slope analyses revealed a positive relationship of weight gain when baseline BMI = mean − 1 SD (B = 0.40, SE B = 0.18, β = 0.31, t = 2.20, p = 0.03) and weight loss when baseline BMI = mean + 1 SD (B = −0.26, SE B = 0.13, β = −0.20, t = −1.97, p = 0.05) to total grade points of five school subjects. A split-group validation was performed and robust results of original analyses were detected (i.e., significant interaction effect of baseline BMI and BMI changes over 2 years (group A: B = −0.11, SE B = 0.05, β = −0.47, t = −2.39, p = 0.02; group B: B = −0.14, SE B = 0.05, β = −0.47, t = −2.78, p = 0.007). Favorable changes in weight status, i.e., weight loss in children with overweight/obesity and weight gain in children with mild underweight/underweight, have a positive influence on academic performance in children independent of socioeconomic factors, learning habits, screen time, exercise habits, and cardiorespiratory fitness.
Oral Administration of Bovine and Porcine Milk Exosome Alter miRNAs Profiles in Piglet Serum
Authors: Lin Delin , Chen Ting , Xie Meiying , Li Meng , Zeng Bin , Sun Ruiping , Zhu Yanling , Ye Dingze , Wu Jiahan , Sun Jiajie , Xi Qianyun , Jiang Qingyan , Zhang Yongliang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBreast milk is the most important nutrient source for newborn mammals. Studies have reported that milk contains microRNAs (miRNAs), which are potential regulatory components. Currently, existing functional and nutritional two competing hypotheses in milk field though little date have been provided for nutritional hypothesis. In this study, we used the qRT-PCR method to evaluated whether milk miRNAs can be absorbed by newborn piglets by feeding them porcine or bovine milk. The result showed that miRNA levels (miR-2284×, 2291, 7134, 1343, 500, 223) were significantly different between bovine and porcine milk. Four miRNAs (miR-2284×, 2291, 7134, 1343) were significantly different in piglet serum after feeding porcine or bovine milk. After separated milk exosomes by ultracentrifugation, the results showed the selected milk miRNAs (miR-2284×, 2291, 7134, 1343) were present in both exosomes and supernatants, and the miRNAs showed the coincidental expression in IPEC-J2 cells. All our founding suggested that the milk miRNAs can be absorbed both in vivo and in vitro, which will building the foundation for understanding whether these sort of miRNAs exert physiological functions after being absorbed and provided additional evidence for the nutritional hypotheses.
Simultaneous Inhibition of Glycolysis and Oxidative Phosphorylation Triggers a Multi-Fold Increase in Secretion of Exosomes: Possible Role of 2′,3′-cAMP
Authors: Ludwig Nils , Yerneni Saigopalakrishna S. , Menshikova Elizabeth V. , Gillespie Delbert G. , Jackson Edwin K. , Whiteside Theresa L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExosome secretion by cells is a complex, poorly understood process. Studies of exosomes would be facilitated by a method for increasing their production and release. Here, we present a method for stimulating the secretion of exosomes. Cultured cells were treated or not with sodium iodoacetate (IAA; glycolysis inhibitor) plus 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor). Exosomes were isolated by size-exclusion chromatography and their morphology, size, concentration, cargo components and functional activity were compared. IAA/DNP treatment (up to 10 µM each) was non-toxic and resulted in a 3 to 16-fold increase in exosome secretion. Exosomes from IAA/DNP-treated or untreated cells had similar biological properties and functional effects on endothelial cells (SVEC4-10). IAA/DNP increased exosome secretion from mouse organ cultures, andin vivoinjections enhanced the levels of circulating exosomes. IAA/DNP decreased ATP levels (p < 0.05) in cells. A cell membrane-permeable form of 2′,3′-cAMP and 3′-AMP mimicked the potentiating effects of IAA/DNP on exosome secretion. In cells lacking 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNPase; an enzyme that metabolizes 2′,3′-cAMP into 2′-AMP), effects of IAA/DNP on exosome secretion were enhanced. The IAA/DNP combination is a powerful stimulator of exosome secretion, and these stimulatory effects are, in part, mediated by intracellular 2′,3′-cAMP.