bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoupling the Voltage Hysteresis of Li‐Rich Cathodes: Electrochemical Monitoring, Modulation Anionic Redox Chemistry and Theoretical Verifying
Authors: Sun Gang , Yu Fu‐Da , Zhao Changtai , Yu Ruizhi , Farnum Samuel , Shao Guangjie , Sun Xueliang , Wang Zhen‐Bo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCathodes in lithium‐ion batteries with anionic redox can deliver extraordinarily high specific capacities but also present many issues such as oxygen release, voltage hysteresis, and sluggish kinetics. Identifying problems and developing solutions for these materials are vital for creating high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, the electrochemical and structural monitoring is conducted on lithium‐rich cathodes to directly probe the formation processes of larger voltage hysteresis. These results indicate that the charge‐compensation properties, structural evolution, and transition metal (TM) ions migration vary from oxidation to reduction process. This leads to huge differences in charge and discharge voltage profile. Meanwhile, the anionic redox processes display a slow kinetics process with large hysteresis (≈0.5 V), compared to fast cationic redox processes without any hysteresis. More importantly, a simple yet effective strategy has been proposed where fine‐modulating local oxygen environment by the lithium/oxygen (Li/O) ratio tunes the anionic redox chemistry. This effectively improves its electrochemical properties, including the operating voltage and kinetics. This is also verified by theoretical calculations that adjusting anionic redox chemistry by the Li/O ratio shifts the TM 3d—O 2p bands and the non‐bonding O 2p band to a lower energy level, resulting in a higher redox reaction potential.
Bioinspired Nanofibrous Glycopeptide Hydrogel Dressing for Accelerating Wound Healing: A Cytokine‐Free, M2‐Type Macrophage Polarization Approach
Authors: Feng Zujian , Su Qi , Zhang Chuangnian , Huang Pingsheng , Song Huijuan , Dong Anjie , Kong Deling , Wang Weiwei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWound management remains a major concern in clinical care. Conventional dressings and hydrogels delivering drugs or cells can drive wound healing. However, these approaches are limited either by unnecessary bleeding and tissue tearing, or sophisticated fabrication, high cost, and drug‐related side effects. Herein, a novel bioinspired glycopeptide hydrogel is rationally designed to mimic the glycoprotein components and nanofibrous architecture of cutaneous extracellular matrix (ECM) for self‐accelerating the wound healing by regulating macrophage polarization without any additional therapeutic agents. The glycopeptide hydrogel, termed as GM‐peptide hybrid hydrogel (GPgel), is established by the self‐assembly of β‐sheet Q11 peptide‐grafted glucomannan, with nanofibrous structure, high water content, porosity, and self‐healing properties. It is observed that GPgel displays remarkable capability of polarizing primary macrophages to M2‐type phenotype in vitro and in vivo by inducing the activation of mannose receptors through ERK/STAT6 pathway. GPgel unprecedentedly expedites the wound closure rate and the regeneration of epidermis tissues in full‐thickness skin excision models without drugs, exogenous cytokines, or seeded cells. More significantly, GPgel could promote angiogenesis in the repaired skin tissues. Collectively, such a novel ECM‐mimicking glycopeptide hydrogel provides a highly effective treatment approach for skin wounds and may serve as a promising scaffold in regenerative medicine.
Enabling High‐Energy‐Density High‐Efficiency Ferroelectric Polymer Nanocomposites with Rationally Designed Nanofillers
Authors: Li He , Yang Tiannan , Zhou Yao , Ai Ding , Yao Bin , Liu Yang , Li Li , Chen Long‐Qing , Wang Qing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFerroelectric polymers have been regarded as the preferred matrix for high‐energy‐density dielectric polymer nanocomposites because of their highest dielectric constants among the known polymers. Despite a library of ferroelectric polymer‐based composites having been demonstrated as highly efficient in enhancing the energy density, the charge–discharge efficiency remains moderate because of the high intrinsic loss of ferroelectric polymers. Herein, a systematic study of the oxide nanofillers is presented with varied dielectric constants and the vital role of the dielectric match between the filler and the polymer matrix on the capacitive performance of the ferroelectric polymer composites is revealed. A combined experimental and simulation study is further performed to specifically investigate the effect of the nanofiller morphology on the electrica properties of the polymer nanocomposites. The solution‐processed ferroelectric polymer nanocomposite embedded with Al2O3 nanoplates exhibits markedly improved breakdown strength and discharged energy density along with an exceptional charge–discharge efficiency of 83.4% at 700 MV m−1, which outperforms the ferroelectric polymers and nanocomposites reported to date. This work establishes a facile approach to high‐performance ferroelectric polymer composites through capitalizing on the synergistic effect of the dielectric properties and morphology of the oxide fillers.
Energy Manipulation in Lanthanide‐Doped Core–Shell Nanoparticles for Tunable Dual‐Mode Luminescence toward Advanced Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Ding Mingye , Dong Bang , Lu Yi , Yang Xiaofei , Yuan Yongjun , Bai Wangfeng , Wu Shiting , Ji Zhenguo , Lu Chunhua , Zhang Kan , Zeng Haibo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDeveloping advanced luminescent materials and techniques is of significant importance for anti‐counterfeiting applications, and remains a huge challenge. In this work, a new and efficient approach for achieving efficient dual‐mode luminescence with tunable color outputs via Gd3+‐mediated interfacial energy transfer, Ce3+‐assisted cross‐relaxation, and core–shell nanostructuring strategy is reported. The introduction of Ce3+ into the inner core not only serves the regulation of upconversion emission, but also facilitates the ultraviolet photon harvesting and subsequent energy transfer to downshifting (DS) activators in the outer shell layer. Furthermore, the construction of the core@shell nanoarchitecture enables the spatial separation of upconverting activators and DS centers, which greatly suppresses their adverse cross‐relaxation processes. Consequently, efficient and multicolor‐tunable dual‐mode emissions can be simultaneously observed in the pre‐designed NaGdF4:Yb/Ho/Ce@NaYF4:X (X = Eu, Tb, Sm, Dy) core–shell nanostructures under 254 nm ultraviolet light and 980 nm laser excitation. The proof‐of‐concept experiment demonstrates that 2D‐encoded patterns based on dual‐mode emitting nanomaterials are very promising for anti‐counterfeiting applications. It is believed that this preliminary study will advance the development of the fluorescent materials for potential applications in anti‐counterfeiting and optical multiplexing.
Droplet Retention on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: A Critical Review
Authors: Jiang Youhua , Choi Chang‐Hwan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWetting phenomena and superhydrophobic surfaces are ubiquitous in nature and have recently been explored widely in scientific and engineering applications. The understanding and control of surface superhydrophobicity are not only fundamentally intriguing but also practically important to provide unique and regulated functionalities to natural species and industrial applications. Here, the fundamentals of wetting phenomena are critically reviewed that especially apply to superhydrophobicity, putting an emphasis on the clarification of contact angles, the quantification of droplet retention force, and the role of contact line. The fundamentals of how the droplet retention is determined by the surface features are discussed and advanced analytical models for the prediction of contact angles and retentive forces are introduced. Applications are further discussed whose functionalities largely depend on the droplet retention, including directional droplet transport, anti‐icing, and water harvesting.
Flexible Manipulation of Bessel‐Like Beams with a Reconfigurable Metasurface
Authors: Feng Rui , Ratni Badreddine , Yi Jianjia , Jiang Zhihao , Zhang Hailin , de Lustrac André , Burokur Shah Nawaz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBessel beams have attracted considerable interest due to their intriguing nondiffraction and self‐healing properties. Such beam can be generated by conventional devices that are more or less subjected to issues of low efficiency, complex manufacturing, and bulky size. Here, an electronically engineered reflective metasurface is designed to generate and flexibly manipulate Bessel‐like beams over a broad frequency range in the microwave regime. Due to the dynamic resonance feature of the metasurface, the phase profile can be easily adjusted for different applications. The nondiffraction feature is illustrated by analyzing several configurations with different nondiffraction area of the Bessel‐like beam, while the self‐healing property is verified by placing a metallic obstacle in the propagation path. The dynamic control of functional frequency and propagation direction of Bessel‐like beams is realized by controlling the external DC bias voltage applied to the metasurface. Experimental validation of the aforementioned features is perfectly consistent with numerical simulations. Owing to the flexible control, broad bandwidth, and high‐efficiency properties, the proposed Bessel‐like beam generator suggests potential applications in microwave domain such as focusing, wireless power transmission, and other complex demands such as beam steering.
On‐Chip Chemiresistive Sensor Array for On‐Road NOx Monitoring with Quantification
Authors: Moon Hi Gyu , Jung Youngmo , Shin Beomju , Song Young Geun , Kim Jae Hun , Lee Taikjin , Lee Seok , Jun Seong Chan , Kaner Richard B. , Kang Chong‐Yun , Kim Chulki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe adverse effects of air pollution on respiratory health make air quality monitoring with high spatial and temporal resolutions essential especially in cities. Despite considerable interest and efforts, the application of various types of sensors is considered immature owing to insufficient sensitivity and cross‐interference under ambient conditions. Here, a fully integrated chemiresistive sensor array (CSA) with parts‐per‐trillion sensitivity is demonstrated with its application for on‐road NOx monitoring. An analytical model is suggested to describe the kinetics of the sensor responses and quantify molecular binding affinities. Finally, the full characterization of the system is connected to implement on‐road measurements on NOx vapor with quantification as its ultimate field application. The obtained results suggest that the CSA shows potential as an essential unit to realize an air‐quality monitoring network with high spatial and temporal resolutions.
Resistance and backlash to gender equality
Authors: Flood Michael , Dragiewicz Molly , Pease Bob 
Published: October 2020

AbstractResistance to efforts to advance gender equality is a common feature of social life, whether in workplaces and other organisations or elsewhere. In this article, we review the typical character, dynamics of and contexts for resistance to gender equality measures. Resistance is an inevitable, although undesirable, response to efforts at progressive social change. Backlash and resistance to gender equality take common forms including: denial of the problem, disavowal of responsibility, inaction, appeasement, co‐option and repression. Resistance may be individual or collective, formal or informal. Pushback against gender equality measures comes more often from members of the privileged group (men) than the disadvantaged group (women). Resistance is a predictable expression of the defence of institutionalised privilege, but it is also shaped by widespread discourses on “sex roles” and “post‐feminism,” the methods adopted to advance gender equality and the contexts in which they take place. Understanding the character and dynamics of resistance and backlash is vital for preventing and reducing them.
Personal protective equipment use by health‐care workers in intensive care units during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan: comparative analysis with the PPE‐SAFE survey
Authors: Unoki Takeshi , Tamoto Mitsuhiro , Ouchi Akira , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Nakayama Asami , Katayama Yukiko , Miyazaki Satoko , Yamada Toru , Fujitani Shigeki , Nishida Osamu , Tabah Alexis ,   PPE‐SAFE in Japan Project, International Exchange Committee, the Japan Society of Intensive Care Medicine
Published: October 2020

AimWe investigated personal protective equipment (PPE) use and supply shortage, training, and adverse events among health‐care workers (HCWs) in the intensive care unit (ICU) during the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic in Japan and compared the results with an international survey that used the same methodology.MethodsThis Web‐based survey was carried out from 14 April to 6 May, 2020, in Japan and included HCWs directly involved in ICU management of COVID‐19 patients. A survey invitation was emailed using the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine’s mailing list.ResultsWe analyzed 460 valid responses from among 976 responses. The N95/FFP2 mask (77%) was the most frequently used, although half of our respondents reported reuse of single‐use N95/FFP2 masks. The median duration (1 h) of uninterrupted PPE use per shift was less than that in the international study. The most common PPE‐related adverse event was experiencing intense heat (75%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that being a nurse was independently associated with experiencing intense heat.ConclusionShortage of PPE and frequent mask reuse were prevalent during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan. Intense heat is the most significant symptom, especially for nurses, even with short‐duration PPE use. Strategies to protect HCWs from dehydration and intense heatstroke are needed.
In Vitro Production of Ergothioneine Isotopologues
Authors: Beliaeva Mariia A. , Burn Reto , Lim David , Seebeck Florian P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractErgothioneine is an emerging component of the redox homeostasis system in human cells and in microbial pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Burkholderia pseudomallei. The synthesis of stable isotope‐labeled ergothioneine derivatives may provide important tools for deciphering the distribution, function, and metabolism of this compound in vivo. We describe a general protocol for the production of ergothioneine isotopologues with programmable 2H, 15N, 13C, 34S, and 33S isotope labeling patterns. This enzyme‐based approach makes efficient use of commercial isotope reagents and is also directly applicable to the synthesis of radio‐isotopologues.
Rational Design of Memory‐Based Sensors: the Case of Molecular Calorimeters
Authors: Nwokolo Obianuju A. , Kidd Brant , Allen Te'Kara , Minasyan Alexander S. , Vardelly Suchitra , Johnson Kristopher D. , Nesterova Irina V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThermodynamic characterization is crucial for understanding molecular interactions. However, methodologies for measuring heat changes in small open systems are extremely limited. We document a new approach for designing molecular sensors, that function as calorimeters: sensors based on memory. To design a memory‐based sensor, we take advantage of the unique kinetic properties of nucleic acid scaffolds. Particularly, we elaborate on the differences in folding and unfolding rates in nucleic acid quadruplexes. DNA‐based i‐motifs unfold fast in response to small heats but do not fold back when the system is equilibrated with surroundings. We translated this behavior into a molecular memory function that enables the measurement of heat changes in open environments. The new sensors are biocompatible, operate homogeneously, and measure small heats released over long time periods. As a proof‐of‐concept, we demonstrate how the molecular calorimeters report heat changes generated in water/propanol mixing and in ligand/protein binding.
Continental‐scale metagenomics, BLAST searches, and herbarium specimens: The Australian Microbiome Initiative and the National Herbarium of Victoria
Authors: Davoodian Naveed , Jackson Christopher J. , Holmes Gareth D. , Lebel Teresa 
Published: September 2020

PremiseMotivated to make sensible interpretations of the massive volume of data from the Australian Microbiome Initiative (AusMic), we characterize the soil mycota of Australia. We establish operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from the data and compare these to GenBank and a data set from the National Herbarium of Victoria (MEL), Melbourne, Australia. We also provide visualizations of Agaricomycete diversity, drawn from our analyses of the AusMic sequences and taxonomy.MethodsThe AusMic internal transcribed spacer (ITS) data were filtered to create OTUs, which were searched against the National Center for Biotechnology Information Nucleotide database and the MEL database. We further characterized a portion of our OTUs by graphing the counts of the families and orders of Agaricomycetes. We also graphed AusMic species determinations for Australian Agaricomycetes against latitude.ResultsOur filtering process generated 192,325 OTUs; for Agaricomycetes, there were 27,730 OTUs. Based on the existing AusMic taxonomy at species level, we inferred the diversity of Australian Agaricomycetes against latitude to be lowest between −20 and −25 decimal degrees.DiscussionBLAST comparisons provided reciprocal insights between the three data sets, including the detection of unusual root‐associated species in the AusMic data, insights into mushroom morphology from the MEL data, and points of comparison for the taxonomic determinations between AusMic, GenBank, and MEL. This study provides a tabulation of Australian fungi, different visual snapshots of a subset of those taxa, and a springboard for future studies.
Concise syntheses and some biological activities of dl‐2,5‐di‐O‐methyl‐chiro‐inositol, dl‐1,4‐di‐O‐methyl‐scyllo‐inositol, and dl‐1,6‐dibromo‐1,6‐dideoxy‐2,5‐di‐O‐methyl‐chiro‐inositol
Authors: Aksu Kadir , Akincioglu Hulya , Gulcin Ilhami , Kelebekli Latif 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe regio‐ and stereospecific synthesis of O‐methyl‐chiro‐inositols and O‐methyl‐scyllo‐inositol was achieved, starting from p‐benzoquinone. After preparing dimethoxy conduritol‐B as a key compound, regiospecific bromination of the alkene moiety of dimethoxy conduritol‐B and acid‐catalyzed ring opening of dimethoxydiacetate conduritol‐B epoxide with Ac2O afforded the desired new chiro‐inositol derivatives and scyllo‐inositol derivative, respectively. Spectroscopic methods were employed for the characterization of all synthesized compounds. The novel inositols (11–17) had effective inhibition profiles against human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II (hCA I and II) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The novel inositols 11–17 were found to be effective inhibitors against AChE, hCA I, and hCA II enzymes. Ki values were calculated in the range of 87.59 ± 7.011 to 237.95 ± 17.75 μM for hCA I, 65.08 ± 12.39 to 538.98 ± 61.26 μM for hCA II, and 193.28 ± 43.13 to 765.08 ± 209.77 μM for AChE, respectively. Also, due to the inhibitory effects of the novel inositols 11–17 against the tested enzymes, these novel inositols are potential drug candidates to treat some diseases such as glaucoma, epilepsy, leukemia, and Alzheimer's disease.
Real Or Not Real: The Impact of the Physical Fidelity of Virtual Learning Resources on Learning Anatomy
Authors: Birbara Nicolette S. , Pather Nalini 
Published: October 2020

Technological advancements have made it possible to create realistic virtual representations of the real world, although it is unclear in medical education whether high physical fidelity is required in virtual learning resources (VLRs). This study, therefore, aimed to compare the effectiveness of high‐fidelity (HF) and low‐fidelity (LF) VLRs for learning anatomy. For this study, HF and LF VLRs were developed for liver anatomy and participants were voluntarily recruited from two cohorts (cohorts 1 and 2). Knowledge outcomes were measured through pre‐ and post‐tests, task outcomes including activity score and completion time were recorded and participants' perceptions of the VLRs were surveyed. A total of 333 participants (165 HF and 168 LF) took part in this study. Knowledge outcomes were higher for the HF activity in cohort 1 and for the LF activity in cohort 2, although not significantly. There were no significant differences in activity score within either cohort, although completion time was significantly longer for the HF activity in cohort 1 (P = 0.001). There were no significant differences within either cohort in perceptions of the VLRs regarding usefulness for reviewing conceptual knowledge, esthetics, quality, mental effort experienced, or future use, although the LF VLR was scored significantly higher regarding the value for understanding in cohort 1 (P = 0.027).This study suggests that high physical fidelity is not necessarily required for anatomy VLRs, although may potentially be valuable for improving knowledge outcomes. Also, level of prior knowledge may be an important factor when considering the physical fidelity of anatomy VLRs.
Defect Engineering of Carbon‐based Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zinc‐air Batteries
Authors: Dong Fang , Wu Mingjie , Zhang Gaixia , Liu Xianhu , Rawach Diane , Tavares Ana C. , Sun Shuhui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRechargeable zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) are considered as one of the most promising electrochemical energy devices due to their various unique advantages. Oxygen electrocatalysis, involving the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), determines the overall performance of zinc‐air batteries. Therefore, the development of highly efficient bifunctional ORR/OER catalysts is critical for the large‐scale application of ZABs. Carbon‐based nanomaterials have been widely reported to be efficient electrocatalysts toward both ORR and OER. The enhanced activity of these electrocatalysts are usually attributed to different doping defects, synergistic effects and even the intrinsic carbon defects. Herein, an overview of the defect engineering in carbon‐based electrocatalysts for ORR and OER is provided. The different types of intrinsic carbon defects and strategies for the generation of other defects in carbon‐based electrocatalysts are presented. The interaction of heteroatoms doped carbon and transition metals (TMs) is also explored. In the end, the existing challenges and future perspectives on defect engineering are discussed.
Modification‐based periodic gait planning for a 3‐D bipedal robot with two underactuated DOFs
Authors: Yuan Haihui , Ge Yimin , Gan Chunbiao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work considers the periodic gait planning of a 3‐D bipedal robot with two underactuated DOFs. Instead of planning a periodic gait by a traditional direct parameter optimization search, which is usually time‐consuming, we present a novel modification‐based periodic motion planning method, which consists of two steps. Firstly, an initial gait is obtained by relaxing the periodicity constraints in the optimization search. Then, the initial gait is modified to be a periodic one. To achieve a successful gait modification, the gait modification theory is firstly presented, and a gait modification strategy is then proposed. Finally, the presented method is illustrated on the underactuated 3‐D biped, and a comparative simulation study is provided. It is shown that, compared with the traditional method, the time cost in the presented method is significantly reduced.