bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Mechanisms
Authors: Figuero Elena , Han Yiping W. , Furuichi Yasushi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAdverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) have been defined as (a) pre‐term birth, when there is a delivery before 37 completed weeks (<259 days); (b) pre‐eclampsia, which is a multisystem disorder of pregnancy characterized by maternal hypertension and proteinuria after the 20th gestational week; (c) low and very low birthweight, depending on whether the weight of the baby is less of 2500 g or <1500 g and (d) the spontaneous death of the fetus with <20 weeks (miscarriage) or between 20 and 36 weeks (stillbirth). In 2012, during the Consensus Report from the Joint EFP/AAP workshop on periodontitis and systematic diseases the role of periodontal diseases on APOs was reviewed. Some years later, this evidence has grown, and an update on the literature regarding the mechanisms related to this potential association (APOs and periodontal diseases) needs to be presented. The two major pathways (direct and indirect) already accepted in 2012 are still valid nowadays. Most evidence published in the last 5 years deals with a strong and solid evidence coming from the direct pathway while there is as scarce new evidence regarding indirect pathway. In this direct pathway, the haematological dissemination of oral microorganisms and their products, would later induce an inflammatory/Immune response in the foetal‐placental unit. The most plausible route for this direct pathway is the hematogenous transmission through dental bacteremia, although not many new studies dealing with bacteremia has been performed lately.
Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis: An update 2012‐2017
Authors: Bartold Peter Mark , Lopez‐Oliva Isabel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis and chronic periodontitis are both chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by an exacerbated inflammatory reaction that leads to destruction of bone and other connective tissue. Owing to these similarities, the relationship between these two diseases has been investigated for over two decades. In the 2013 proceedings from a workshop jointly held by the European Federation of Periodontology and American Academy of Periodontology in 2012 it was concluded that there was at least minimal evidence of an association between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, we consider publications in the field over the past 5 years and determine whether the evidence for this relationship has increased.
Oral‐lung microbiome interactions in lung diseases
Authors: Mammen Manoj J. , Scannapieco Frank A. , Sethi Sanjay 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe proximity and continuity of the oral cavity and the lower respiratory tract allows the oropharyngeal microbiome to be a major determinant of the lung microbiome. In addition, host‐pathogen interactions related to the oropharyngeal microbiome or its metabolites could propagate systemic inflammation or modulate host defense mechanisms that could affect other organs, including the lung. There is increasing appreciation of the pathophysiologic significance of the lung microbiome, not only in the classical infection‐related diseases, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, and cystic fibrosis, but also in chronic noninfectious lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we will explore the relationship of the oral microbiome with lung diseases, such as pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and cystic fibrosis.
Periodontal diseases and association with atherosclerotic disease
Authors: Herrera David , Molina Ana , Buhlin Kare , Klinge Bjorn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCardiovascular diseases still account for the majority of deaths worldwide, although significant improvements in survival, after being affected by cardiovascular disease, have been achieved in the last decades. Periodontal diseases are also a common global burden. Several studies have shown a link between cardiovascular disease and periodontitis, although evidence is still lacking regarding the direct cause‐effect relation. During the 2012 “Periodontitis and systemic diseases” workshop, the available evidence on the association between cardiovascular and periodontal diseases was discussed, covering biologic plausibility and clinical studies. The objective of the present narrative review was to update the previous reviews presented at the 2012 workshop, following similar methodological approaches, aiming to critically assess the available evidence. With regard to biologic plausibility, two aspects were reviewed: (a) for microbiologic mechanisms, assessing periodontal bacteria as a contributing factor to atherosclerosis based on seven “proofs,” substantial evidence was found for Proofs 1 through 6, but not for Proof 7 (periodontal bacteria obtained from human atheromas can cause atherosclerosis in animal models), concluding that periodontal pathogens can contribute to atherosclerosis; (b) mechanistic studies, addressing five different inflammatory pathways that could explain the links between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease with the addition of some extra pathways , suggest an association between both entities, based on the presence of higher levels of these inflammatory markers in patients with periodontitis and cardiovascular disease, vs healthy controls, as well as on the evidence that periodontal treatment reduces serum levels of these mediators. When evidence from clinical studies was analyzed, two aspects were covered: (a) epidemiologic studies support the estimation that the incidence of atherosclerotic disease is higher in individuals with periodontitis than in individuals with no reported periodontitis, irrespective of many common risk factors, but with a substantial variability in the definitions used in reporting of exposure to periodontal diseases in different studies; (b) intervention trials have shown that periodontal therapy can reduce serum inflammatory mediators, improve the lipids profile, and induce positive changes in other cardiovascular disease surrogate measures, but no evidence is available to support that adequate periodontal therapy is able to reduce the risk for cardiovascular diseases, or the incidence of cardiovascular disease events in periodontitis patients.
Mechanisms underlying the association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic disease
Authors: Schenkein Harvey A. , Papapanou Panos N. , Genco Robert , Sanz Mariano 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAtherosclerosis is central to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, a group of diseases in which arteries become occluded with atheromas that may rupture, leading to different cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. There is a large body of epidemiologic and animal model evidence associating periodontitis with atherosclerotic disease, and many potential mechanisms linking these diseases have been elucidated. This chapter will update knowledge on these mechanisms, which generally fall into 2 categories: microbial invasion and infection of atheromas; and inflammatory and immunologic. With respect to the invasion and infection of atheromas, it is well established that organisms from the subgingival biofilm can enter the circulation and lodge in most distant tissues. Bacteremias resulting from oral interventions, and even oral hygiene activities, are well documented. More recently, indirect routes of entry of oral organisms (via phagocytes or dendritic cells) have been described for many oral organisms, into many tissues. Such organisms include the periodontal pathogensPorphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, andFusobacterium nucleatum. Intracellular survival of these organisms with dissemination to distant sites (The Trojan Horse approach) has been described. Their relative contribution to atheroma formation and progression has been studied mainly in experimental research, with results demonstrating that these organisms can invade endothelial cells and phagocytic cells within the atheroma, leading to pathogenic changes and progression of the atheroma lesion. The second category of mechanisms potentially linking periodontitis to atherosclerosis includes the dumping of inflammatory mediators originating from periodontal lesions into the systemic circulation. These inflammatory mediators, such as C‐reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinases, fibrinogen, and other hemostatic factors, would further accelerate atheroma formation and progression, mainly through oxidative stress and inflammatory dysfunction. Moreover, direct effects on lipid oxidation have also been described. In summary, the evidence supports the concept that periodontitis enhances the levels of systemic mediators of inflammation that are risk factors for atherosclerotic diseases.
Application of meta‐analysis towards understanding the effect of adding a methionine hydroxy analogue in the diet on growth performance and feed utilization of fish and shrimp
Authors: Guo Jingping , Bao Yida , Davis Robert , Abebe Ash , Wilson Alan E. , Davis Donald Allen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMethionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) has been widely used and shows positive effects on growth in poultry, swine, ruminant and aquatic animals. Nevertheless, the utilization efficiency of methionine hydroxy analogue remains controversial considering the wide variation in effects across studies, feeding parameters and environmental culture conditions. Meta‐analysis can quantify the effect of adding MHA on animal performance. Here, we analysed the effect of MHA‐supplemented diets on the final weight (FW), per cent weight gain (WG), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency (FE) in common, diverse aquaculture taxa. To conduct the meta‐analyses, twenty‐three published studies were included that accounted for 249 effect sizes estimated across eight fish and one shrimp species. The effect size (measured as the standardized mean difference; Hedges’ g) of response parameters between MHA level in a diet formulation and an MHA‐less control condition was calculated. Based on these results, adding MHA in the diet can significantly improve FW, WG, PER, and FE and decrease FCR for fish rather than shrimp. Using meta‐regression analysis, there was a significant quadratic linear relationship between MHA addition and effect size for FW (P = 0.002 for MHA, P = 0.042 for MHA2), and significant linear relationships between MHA addition and effect size for WG (P = 0.0005) and FCR (P = 0.002). There was no significant relationship, linear or non‐linear, between the MHA addition and effect size for FE (P = 0.985) and PER (P = 0.461). In all, when properly dosed in diets, MHA can significantly improve aquaculture production for fish.
Impact of thermal stress exposure on seminal quality, antioxidant defence system, TNF‐α and TIMP‐3 in Ossimi ram
Authors: El‐Zeftawy Marwa , Mahmoud Gamal B. , Hassan Mervat 
Published: May 2020

ContentsHeat stress (HS) occupies huge importance nowadays as it leads to severe economic losses especially in livestock. Preserving sheep against HS is one of the governmental scopes where it represents huge percentage of global ruminant. The present research was conducted to study semen quality, some stress and inflammatory markers in Ossimi rams under both hot and mild climatic conditions. The current study was conducted on selected 46 ram samples divided into two groups during summer and winter. Semen analysis, testosterone (TES), cortisol (COR) and blood glucose (BG) levels, and lipid and protein profiles were done. Concentrations of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐3 (TIMP‐3), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and specific activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed. The results in summer compared to winter revealed significant elevation of total defects and number of dead sperms; however, there was reduction in sperm total motility and concentration and external epididymal tail duct diameter. Histological study of epididymal tail lumen exhibited azoospermia. Further, TES, TIMP‐3 and GSH levels were decreased and COR, TNF‐α, NO and MDA were raised. Specific activities of GPx and SOD were also declined. Additionally, there was a significant increase in concentrations of BG and lipid profiles except high‐density lipoprotein. Our data concluded that there were new insights into TNF‐α and TIMP‐3 as biomarkers can be used in diagnosis of sheep suffering from HS, but further studies are recommended to do in future work about such aspect.
Statistical Inference on Tree Swallow Migrations with Random Forests
Authors: Coleman Tim , Mentch Lucas , Fink Daniel , La Sorte Frank A. , Winkler David W. , Hooker Giles , Hochachka Wesley M. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBird species’ migratory patterns have typically been studied through individual observations and historical records. In recent years, the eBird citizen science project, which solicits observations from thousands of bird watchers around the world, has opened the door for a data-driven approach to understanding the large-scale geographical movements. Here, we focus on the North American tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) occurrence patterns throughout the eastern USA. Migratory departure dates for this species are widely believed by both ornithologists and casual observers to vary substantially across years, but the reasons for this are largely unknown. In this work, we present evidence that maximum daily temperature is predictive of tree swallow occurrence. Because it is generally understood that species occurrence is a function of many complex, high order interactions between ecological covariates, we utilize the flexible modelling approach that is offered by random forests. Making use of recent asymptotic results, we provide formal hypothesis tests for predictive significance of various covariates and also develop and implement a permutation-based approach for formally assessing interannual variations by treating the prediction surfaces that are generated by random forests as functional data. Each of these tests suggest that maximum daily temperature is important in predicting migration patterns.
A Pragmatic Logic for Expressivism
Authors: Dalla Pozza Carlo , Garola Claudio , Negro Antonio , Sergio Davide 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article aims to show that the incompatibility between the application of logic to norms and values and the expressive conception of these notions – basically summed up by the Frege–Geach problem – can be overcome. To this end, a logic is constructed for the expressive conception of norms and values which provides a solution to the Frege–Geach problem and is not affected by the limitations that occur in some previous attempts. More specifically, a pragmatic language LP is introduced which is an extension of the language L of standard propositional logic, obtained by adding two categories of logical‐pragmatic signs to the vocabulary of L: the signs of pragmatic mood (, , , standing for assertion, obligation and approval, respectively) and the pragmatic connectives (∼, ∩, ∪, ⊃, ≡, standing for pragmatic negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication and bi‐implication, respectively). The notions of pragmatic validity, consistency (satisfiability), compatibility, equivalence and inference are then defined, and some criteria of pragmatic validity are given. It is thus possible to carry out in LP inferences on norms and values expressively understood, adequately formalizing Geach's problematic inferences.
Successful treatment of Aspergillus fumigatus sternal osteomyelitis with isavuconazole in a heart transplant recipient
Authors: Assaf Ady , Faure Emmanuel , Sermet Kevin , Loridant Severine , Leroy Jordan , Goeminne Celine , Dozier Aurelie , Chopin Marie‐Charlotte , Panaget Sophie , Faure Karine , Vuotto Fanny 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA 65‐year‐old man was diagnosed with an invasive Aspergillus fumigatus infection with sternal osteomyelitis 4 months after heart transplantation. Unfortunately, after 8 weeks patient developed severe cutaneous and neurological toxicities induced by voriconazole leading to drug discontinuation. Therefore, isavuconazole was chosen as second‐line therapy. The patient presented a favorable outcome and tolerance was excellent after ten months monotherapy. Here, we report for a first time, an successful isavuconazole‐based treatment of sternal osteomyelitis aspergillosis in a cardiac recipient.
Epidemiology, management, and graft outcomes after West Nile virus encephalitis in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Aziz Fahad , Saddler Christopher , Jorgenson Margaret , Smith Jeannina , Mandelbrot Didier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMinimal data exist describing the epidemiology, management, and long‐term graft outcomes after West Nile viral disease in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs).MethodsSingle‐center observational cohort study of patients who received a kidney transplant between 1/1/1994 and 12/31/2018 and developed WNV at any time point after transplantation.ResultsDuring the 24‐year study period, 11 patients had documented WNV infection. Seven patients were recipients of a kidney transplant alone, and four had a simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplant. The mean age at the time of transplant was 44.7 ± 17.1 years, and the mean age at the time of WNV infection was 48 ± 17.2 years. All patients received lymphocyte depleting induction at transplant (alemtuzumab (n = 2), OKT3 (n = 1), or anti‐thymocyte globulin (n = 8)). The mean time from transplant to WNV infection was 3.4 ± 5.4 years, and none was suspected of having a donor‐derived infection. Three patients were treated for rejection in the 6 months before infection. The most common presenting symptom was altered mental status (n = 7), followed by a combination of fever and headache (n = 4). All patients had detectable serum WNV IgM antibodies at the time of diagnosis. All patients had a reduction in their immunosuppression and received supportive care; only two patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulins. Nine patients recovered with no residual deficit; however, two suffered permanent neurologic damage. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate drop at 1 year after the infection was 8.4 ± 13 mL/min/1.73 m2. Three patients suffered acute rejection within 1 year after the infection episode, likely attributable to aggressive immunosuppressive reduction. The mean follow‐up after the infection was 5.1 ± 4.3 years. At last follow‐up, two patients lost their kidney allograft, and five patients died. None of the graft losses or deaths occurred within a year of the WNV or were directly attributable to WNV.ConclusionThe majority of patients with WNV infection after KTR recovered fully with supportive care and immunosuppressive adjustment without residual neurologic sequelae. Additionally, WNV infection was associated with relatively small reductions in eGFR at 1 year.
Nicotine exposure increases markers of oxidant stress in stored red blood cells from healthy donor volunteers
Authors: Stefanoni Davide , Fu Xiaoyun , Reisz Julie A. , Kanias Tamir , Nemkov Travis , Page Grier P. , Dumont Larry , Roubinian Nareg , Stone Mars , Kleinman Steve , Busch Michael , Zimring James C. , D'Alessandro Angelo ,   for the Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS III)
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUNDCigarette smoking is a frequent habit across blood donors (approx. 13% of the donor population), that could compound biologic factors and exacerbate oxidant stress to stored red blood cells (RBCs).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSAs part of the REDS‐III RBC‐Omics (Recipient Epidemiology Donor Evaluation Study III Red Blood Cell‐Omics) study, a total of 599 samples were sterilely drawn from RBC units stored under blood bank conditions at Storage Days 10, 23, and 42 days, before testing for hemolysis parameters and metabolomics. Quantitative measurements of nicotine and its metabolites cotinine and cotinine oxide were performed against deuterium‐labeled internal standards.RESULTSDonors whose blood cotinine levels exceeded 10 ng/mL (14% of the tested donors) were characterized by higher levels of early glycolytic intermediates, pentose phosphate pathway metabolites, and pyruvate‐to‐lactate ratios, all markers of increased basal oxidant stress. Consistently, increased glutathionylation of oxidized triose sugars and lipid aldehydes was observed in RBCs donated by nicotine‐exposed donors, which were also characterized by increased fatty acid desaturation, purine salvage, and methionine oxidation and consumption via pathways involved in oxidative stress‐triggered protein damage‐repair mechanisms.CONCLUSIONRBCs from donors with high levels of nicotine exposure are characterized by increases in basal oxidant stress and decreases in osmotic hemolysis. These findings indicate the need for future clinical studies aimed at addressing the impact of smoking and other sources of nicotine (e.g., nicotine patches, snuff, vaping, secondhand tobacco smoke) on RBC storage quality and transfusion efficacy.
Conjunctival staining with lissamine green as a predictor of tear film deficiency in dogs
Authors: Smith Sara M. , Holt Elaine , Aguirre Gustavo D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate a grading scheme for conjunctival staining patterns with lissamine green ocular dye in the diagnosis of tear film deficiencies in dogs.ProceduresClient‐owned and research colony dogs were enrolled in a prospective study between February and October 2018 in which slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, Schirmer tear test (STT), tear film breakup time (TFBUT), conjunctival lissamine green staining (LGS), and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement were performed in both eyes of all dogs. Lissamine green staining of the temporal bulbar conjunctiva was graded from 0‐3, with a higher grade corresponding to an increased stain intensity.ResultsFifty‐four dogs (107 eyes), comprising 31 males and 23 females with a mean age of 5.0 ± 3.9 years (range 0.5‐14.3), were enrolled in the study. STT was <15 mm/min in 21 eyes and ≥15 mm/min in 86 eyes. Lissamine green staining grade for eyes with a STT of <15 mm/min (2.0 ± 0.9) was significantly higher than for eyes with a STT ≥15 mm/min (0.2 ± 0.7) (P < .001). TFBUT for eyes with a STT <15 mm/min (6.5 ± 4.4 seconds) was significantly shorter than for eyes with a STT ≥ 15 mm/min (16.1 ± 3.6 seconds) (P < .001). As LGS grade increased, both STT (P < .001) and TFBUT (P < .001) significantly decreased.ConclusionsA higher LGS grade was significantly associated with a lower STT and more rapid TFBUT in dogs. Lissamine green ocular dye can be considered as an adjunctive diagnostic test when evaluating tear film deficiency in dogs.