bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Facial Aging Process From the “Inside Out”
Authors: Swift Arthur , Liew Steven , Weinkle Susan , Garcia Julie K , Silberberg Michael B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The normal course of aging alters the harmonious, symmetrical, and balanced facial features found in youth, not only impacting physical attractiveness but also influencing self-esteem and causing miscommunication of affect based on facial miscues. With this evidence-based paper, the authors aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest research on the etiology and progression of facial aging by explaining the aging process from the “inside out,” that is, from the bony platform to the skin envelope. A general overview of the changes occurring within each of the main layers of the facial anatomy is presented, including facial skeleton remodeling, fat pad atrophy or repositioning, changes in muscle tone and thickness, and weakening and thinning of the skin. This is followed by an in-depth analysis of specific aging regions by facial thirds (upper, middle, and lower thirds). This review may help aesthetic physicians in the interpretation of the aging process and in prioritizing and rationalizing treatment decisions to establish harmonious facial balance in younger patients or to restore balance lost with age in older patients.
Phylogeography of the iconic Australian pink cockatoo,Lophochroa leadbeateri
Authors: Ewart Kyle M , Johnson Rebecca N , Joseph Leo , Ogden Rob , Frankham Greta J , Lo Nathan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe pink cockatoo (Lophochroa leadbeateri; or Major Mitchell’s cockatoo) is one of Australia’s most iconic bird species. Two subspecies based on morphology are separated by a biogeographical divide, the Eyrean Barrier. Testing the genetic basis for this subspecies delineation, clarifying barriers to gene flow and identifying any cryptic genetic diversity will likely have important implications for conservation and management. Here, we used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mitochondrial DNA data to conduct the first range-wide genetic assessment of the species. The aims were to investigate the phylogeography of the pink cockatoo, to characterize conservation units and to reassess subspecies boundaries. We found consistent but weak genetic structure between the two subspecies based on nuclear SNPs. However, phylogenetic analysis of nuclear SNPs and mitochondrial DNA sequence data did not recover reciprocally monophyletic groups, indicating incomplete evolutionary separation between the subspecies. Consequently, we have proposed that the two currently recognized subspecies be treated as separate management units rather than evolutionarily significant units. Given that poaching is suspected to be a threat to this species, we assessed the utility of our data for wildlife forensic applications. We demonstrated that a subspecies identification test could be designed using as few as 20 SNPs.
Epicardial adipose tissue modulates arrhythmogenesis in right ventricle outflow tract cardiomyocytes
Authors: Lu Yen-Yu , Huang Shih-Yu , Lin Yung-Kuo , Chen Yao-Chang , Chen Yi-Ann , Chen Shih-Ann , Chen Yi-Jen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
Ventricular arrhythmia (VA) frequently occurs in fatty infiltrative cardiomyopathy or epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) abundant hearts. Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), commonly covered with EAT, is vital for VA genesis. This study explored whether EAT contributes to RVOT arrhythmogenesis.

Methods and results
Conventional microelectrodes and whole-cell patch clamp were used to record electrical activity and ionic currents in rabbit RVOT tissue preparation or isolated single cardiomyocytes with or without (control) connected EAT. Epicardial adipose tissue-connected (N = 6) RVOT had more portions of fibrosis than did control (N = 5) RVOT (160.3 ± 23.2 vs. 91.9 ± 13.4 μm2/mm2, P &lt; 0.05). Epicardial adipose tissue-connected RVOT cardiomyocytes (n = 18) had lower negative resting membrane potential (−68 ± 1 vs. −73 ± 2 mV, P &lt; 0.05); smaller action potential (AP) amplitude (108 ± 4 vs. 135 ± 6 mV, P &lt; 0.005); and longer 90%, 50%, and 20% of AP duration repolarization (361 ± 18 vs. 309 ± 9 ms, P &lt; 0.05; 310 ± 17 vs. 256 ± 13 ms, P &lt; 0.05; and 182 ± 19 vs. 114 ± 24 ms, P &lt; 0.05, respectively) than did control (n = 13) RVOT cardiomyocytes. Moreover, compared with control RVOT cardiomyocytes, EAT-connected RVOT cardiomyocytes had larger transient outward potassium currents, similar delayed rectifier potassium currents, smaller L-type calcium currents, and inward rectifier potassium currents. After ajmaline (10 μM, a sodium channel blocker) superfusion, high VA inducibility was observed through rapid pacing in EAT-connected RVOT but not in control RVOT.

Conclusions
Epicardial adipose tissue exerts distinctive electrophysiological effects on RVOT with a propensity towards VA induction, which might play a role in lipotoxicity pathogenesis-related ventricular arrhythmogenesis.
Sexuality in Later Life and Mental Health Among Older Black Gay Men
Authors: Esiaka Darlingtina , Cheng Alice , Nwakasi Candidus 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Self-acknowledgement and integration of racial and sexual identities are significant to one’s overall sense of identity because of their implications for mental health and wellbeing. These issues are important as one ages because older people experience a wide range of factors that add layers to their ability to (re)integrate subsets of their identity into their overall self-identity such as age and age-related disabilities. This study examined the intersection of race and sexual identities on overall health status in older Black gay men, a demographic group that has historically received less attention. Data from the Social Justice Sexuality (SJS) survey of LGBTQ+ people of color which occurred over a 12-month period in the United States were analyzed. Participants (N=160), 50 years and over, responded to questions about their sexuality, social identity, family dynamics, community connection and engagement, and mental and physical health. Results show an association of mental wellbeing with racial and sexual identities. Further, results show that a strong sense of connection to other sexual minorities is positively associated with mental health in older Black gay men. We discuss the implication of findings for mental health interventions targeting this gendered population.
The Effect of Loneliness on Cognition: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Maiden Robert , Greil Larry , Hayslip Bert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A panel study was conducted among 244 older adults (52-years-old to 92) to explore whether social engagement and loneliness are associated with cognitive ability. Measures of crystallized (Gc) and fluid (Gf) ability were collected at two points in time. Using latent variable SEM with separate models for men and women, Gc and Gf at W2 were regressed on perceived general health, social support, sociability, loneliness and involvement in organizational activities, controlling for Gc and Gf at W1. Fit statistics were adequate. Among women, Gc at W1 was associated with perceived health (B=1.03, p=.000), while Gf at W1 was associated with perceived general health (B=1.28, p=.010) and organizational involvement (B=1.8, p=.019). Gc at W2 was associated with Gc at W1 (B=.61, p=.000), and age (B=-.12, p=.007), while Gf at W2 was associated with Gf at W1 (B=.74, p=.000), age (B=-.08, p=.008), and loneliness (B=-.78, p=.038). Among men, there were no significant associations between either Gc at W1 or Gf at W1 and other variables. Gc at W2 was associated with Gc at W1 (B=.29, p=.031), while Gf at W1 was associated with Gf at W2 (B=7.9, p=.000) and perceived general health (B=2.46, p=.006). These findings suggest that loneliness and organizational involvement are associated with lower Gf scores among women but not among men. Gc was not associated with loneliness or organizational involvement for either women or men. This suggests that interventions targeting the prevention of loneliness and the promotion of organizational involvement may enhance cognitive functioning in later life among women.
Racial or Ethnic and Multimorbidity Differences in Functional Limitation Trajectories Among Older Americans
Authors: Quinones Ana , Elman Miriam , Botoseneanu Anda , Newsom Jason , Dorr David , Nagel Corey , Allore Heather 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Racial/ethnic minority groups in the U.S. are at risk for greater co-existing chronic disease (multimorbidity) burden and experience greater functional limitations relative to non-Hispanic white peers. To target programs designed to preserve functional independence, this study aims to identify temporal trends of functional limitation among race/ethnic groups and within the context of multimorbidity. Data from the Health & Retirement Study (2000-2014, N=16,959, 65 years of age and older, community-dwelling adults) were used in generalized estimating equation (GEE) models to assess changes in functional limitations over time (combined activities of daily living [ADL] and instrumental activities of daily living [IADL], range 0-11). Models were adjusted for race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic white), self-reported chronic disease categories (no/one, ≥2 somatic, somatic-depression; of arthritis, cancer, diabetes, heart disease, high depressive symptoms [CES-D8≥4], hypertension, lung disease, stroke), age at baseline, sex, body-mass index, education, partnered, net worth, and time. In adjusted GEE models, Hispanic and black respondents experience 1.4 times greater counts of functional limitations, respectively, relative to white respondents (incidence rate ratio [IRR]= 1.4, 95% CI[1.17, 1.66], IRR=1.4, CI[1.26, 1.61]); however, temporal trends were similar. With regard to multimorbidity categories, somatic or somatic-depression multimorbidity were each associated with 2.2 or 3.5 times greater functional limitations, respectively, relative to having no/one condition (IRR=2.2, CI[2.06, 2.39], IRR=3.5, CI[3.18, 3.74]). There are marked differences in functional limitation levels between minority ethnic and white groups, as well as among chronic disease combination groups, suggesting the need to intervene in middle-age to reduce disparities.
Predicting Age From Large-Scale Brain Networks: Evidence From the Cam-CAN Dataset Across the Lifespan
Authors: Caulfield Meghan , Kan Irene , Chrysikou Evangelia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Changes in cognition observed in aging (e.g. a shift from prioritization of fluid cognition in young adulthood toward an emphasis on crystalized knowledge and semantic cognition in older adulthood) are believed to reflect alterations in neural connectivity in aging. Recent work specifically highlights how increased connectivity between executive control (EC) regions and default mode network (DMN) may underlie characteristic shifts in cognitive abilities between younger and older adults. However, the contribution of the salience network, which plays a crucial role in mediating the dynamic interplay between EC and DMN, is relatively overlooked. To extend previous work, we used a large cohort (N = 547) of participants from the Cam-CAN database (18-88 years old) to examine whether resting-state functional connectivity between EC and DMN can reliably predict participant age. We further examined how addition of the salience network impacts the hypothesized increased connectivity between EC and DMN as a result of aging. A series of multiple regression analyses using functional connectivity and age as variables revealed that connectivity between EC and DMN regions (specifically between dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex and parietal regions, including the precuneus) accounted for a significant portion of age variability and that the inclusion of the salience network improved the models’ explanatory power. Follow-up analyses by age cohort further highlighted that these relationships dynamically change across the lifespan. We will discuss these findings in the context of default-executive coupling hypothesis for aging and propose avenues for future research in refinement of this model.
The Impact of Relationship Satisfaction With Adult Children on Depression Among Older Adults With Abusive Spouses
Authors: Yoon Sukyung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Adults (65 and older) comprised about 15% of the 2019 South Korean population (hereafter Korea), but are estimated to be 20% in 2025 and 40% in 2050 (StatisticsKorea, 2019). Good relationships with spouses impact mental health during later life (Santini et al., 2015) but 10.2% of women and 7.6% men 65 and older reported they experienced spousal violence (The Domestic Violence Survey, 2016) Moreover, violent behavior in baby-boomer marriages was significantly higher than their counterparts (Suh, 2015). Previous research investigated how relationships with adult-children impacted older Koreans’ mental health(Kim & Ko, 2013) but few examined the influence on older-adults with abusive spouses. This study investigates depression among older-adults with abusive spouses, and the impact of relationship-satisfaction with their adult-children on depression. This study utilizes the 13th wave of the nationally representative Korea Welfare Panel (2018). The sample consisted of 353 older adults 65 and older with abusive spouses over the past year. The dependent variable was depression, measured using the CES-D-11. The relationship-satisfaction with adult-children was measured on a seven-point Likert scale. Education, health, religion, sex, and age were included, and multiple regression analysis was conducted. The relationship-satisfaction with adult-children and good health status were significantly reduced depression among the population. Health care professionals and practitioners should screen for elder abuse and depression. Additionally, programs are needed to help older - adults develop good relationships with family members are needed.
The Home, Block, and Community Environments and Biomarkers of Aging in the National Health and Aging Trends Study
Authors: Roberts Laken , Samuel Laura , Boyce Danielle , Hladek Melissa , LaFave Sarah , Szanton Sarah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Prior studies have linked household and community conditions to the health and functioning of older adults. However, few studies have investigated associations between household, block, and community environmental conditions with biomarkers of aging. This study used NHATS Round 7 (2017) data on 3,283 community-dwelling older adults to test cross-sectional associations between interior and exterior household disorder, block disorder, community social cohesion, and four biomarkers: C-reactive protein, hemoglobin A1c, cytomegalovirus, and interleukin-6. Survey-weighted models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, homeownership, housing type, and metropolitan area; HbA1c was stratified by diabetes diagnosis. Greater interior household disorder was associated with higher IL-6 (β=0.06, SE=0.025, p=0.014) and, among diabetics, greater block disorder was associated with higher HbA1c (β=0.11, SE=0.05, p=0.046). These results link home and block environmental characteristics with biomarkers of aging, suggesting that modifiable aspects of older adults’ living environments may be related to disease and disability risk via physiologic dysregulation.
How Does Neighborhood Environment Influence Dementia Onset?: Evidence From the National Health and Aging Trends Study
Authors: Wang Yi , Qin Weidi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Existing research has established significant associations between older individuals’ social participation (e.g., visiting friends and family, going out for enjoyment, etc.) and their risk of developing dementia. However, little was known about the role of neighborhood environment (i.e., neighborhood social cohesion, neighborhood physical disorder). This study aims to investigate the moderating effects of neighborhood environment on the relationship between social participation and dementia incidence using data obtained from 8 waves (Rounds 1 through 8) of the National Aging and Trends Study. 7,416 Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 or above who were community-dwelling and free from dementia at Round 1 (2011) were selected. Among them, 1,005 participants developed dementia in the followed-up years from 2012 to 2018. We conducted survival analysis using the accelerated failure time (AFT) models to examine the moderating effects of neighborhood social cohesion and neighborhood physical disorder on the onset of dementia. The unit of time-to-event data was in years. Findings showed that the interaction term of neighborhood physical disorder and individual social participation was significant, indicating neighborhood physical disorder moderates the protective effects of social participation on dementia incidence. Specifically, among older adults who participate in social activities at the same level, the progression to the onset of dementia is 1.06 times faster for those living in neighborhoods with higher level (i.e., one unit increase in the score) of physical disorder. The findings recommend modification of physical environment at the neighborhood level to facilitate social participation for the betterment of cognitive health in later life.
Delivering and Embedding Dementia-Friendly Training in a Healthcare System
Authors: Schneider Ellen , Dale Maureen , Wells Krista , Gotelli John , Julian Carol , Henage Cristine , Busby-Whitehead Jan , Roberts Ellen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the 4th leading cause of death in North Carolina for people 65 and older. People with dementia are hospitalized more often and have prolonged stays, poorer outcomes, higher costs, and increased readmission rates. Hospital employees have expressed the desire to have specialized training to learn how to more effectively communicate with and provide better care to patients with dementia. To address identified patient and hospital employee needs, the University of North Carolina (UNC) Center for Aging and Health is disseminating hospital-specific dementia-friendly training at five hospitals within the UNC Health System. The training is being delivered via online modules and follow-up didactic sessions over a three-year period to clinical and non-clinical staff who interact with patients. To date, 1,948 employees at three of the five hospitals have launched the online training; 1,102 have completed the training. The pilot training took place at the UNC Hospitals--Hillsborough Campus (“Hillsborough Hospital”) in 2019. Hillsborough Hospital staff (n=195) who participated in the dementia friendly training completed a survey to assess their ability to recognize symptoms and provide appropriate care to dementia patients pre- and post-training. Clinical staff answered 23 Likert scale self-efficacy questions; non-clinical staff answered the first 12 of these questions. Positive change in self-efficacy ratings from pre- to post-training was significant for every question (p &lt; .0001). Additional results will be included in the poster. The dementia-friendly hospital initiative is preparing employees to provide better care for people with dementia and is effective in increasing employee self-efficacy.
Dementia Care Training Regulations and Deficiencies of Care for Inappropriate Psychotropics Use in Nursing Homes
Authors: Yoon Jung Min , Trinkoff Alison , Storr Carla , Galik Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Psychotropics are often used to manage behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in nursing homes (NHs), despite their adverse effects and lack of efficacy. NHs can be flagged for inappropriate psychotropics use as a deficiency of care (F-tag 758). To improve dementia care, 15 states require dementia-specific in-service training for NH nursing staff with specific training content and hours. The study aimed to relate the occurrence of F-758 citations to the presence of dementia-specific in-service training regulations, stratified by nurse staffing levels (&lt;75th vs ≥75th percentile of nurse hours per resident day, HPRD). Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reporting data (n=14,548 NHs) from 2017-18 were used, containing 1,872 NHs with F-758 tags related to care of residents with dementia. NHs in states specifying training content and hours had significantly lower odds of receiving F-758 tags (OR=0.75, 95% CI=0.60-0.94). Among NHs with lower registered nurse HPRD, those in states regulating training content and hours had significantly lower odds of receiving F-758 tags (OR=0.66, 95% CI=0.49-0.89), with similar findings among NHs with lower certified nurse assistant HPRD (OR=0.69, 95% CI=0.51 52-0.91 92). This study found that required dementia-specific in-service training may be helpful in facilities with lower staffing. It is recommended that states develop more comprehensive, robust dementia care training regulations for NH nursing staff.
Exploring Leadership, Stress of Conscience, and Person-Centered Care in Nursing Homes
Authors: Backman Annica , Sjögren Karin , Lovheim Hugo , Lindkvist Marie , Edvardsson David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
On a daily basis, many care situations contain difficult issues and challenges for care providers. Stress of conscience, such as feelings of guilt, can be experienced by staff when not fulfilling ethical obligations to the residents. Although leadership has been advocated as a key component for staff work perceptions as well as for person-centred care, the impact of nursing home managers’ leadership on levels of stress of conscience among staff and the extent to which person-centred care (PCC) is provided is yet to be explored. Thus, the aim was to explore the relationship between leadership, stress of conscience and PCC as perceived by staff. The study was based on a cross-sectional national survey of 3084 staff and their managers in 189 nursing homes throughout Sweden. Descriptive statistics and regression modelling were used to explore associations. The preliminary results showed that leadership was negatively associated to stress of conscience and positively associated to PCC. PCC were negatively associated to stress of conscience. Additional findings will be presented. This indicates that nursing home managers’ leadership seem to beneficially impact staff work situation in terms of stress of conscience and person-centred care provision.