bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Otitis Media Affect Later Language Ability? A Prospective Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Brennan-Jones Christopher G. , Whitehouse Andrew J. O. , Calder Samuel D. , Costa Cheryl Da , Eikelboom Robert H. , Swanepoel De Wet , Jamieson Sarra E. 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe aim of the study was to examine whether otitis media (OM) in early childhood has an impact on language development in later childhood.MethodsWe analyzed data from 1,344 second-generation (Generation 2) participants in the Raine Study, a longitudinal pregnancy cohort established in Perth, Western Australia, between 1989 and 1991. OM was assessed clinically at 6 years of age. Language development was measured using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Revised (PPVT-R) at 6 and 10 years of age and the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Third Edition at 10 years of age. Logistic regression analysis accounted for a wide range of social and environmental covariates.ResultsThere was no significant relationship between bilateral OM and language ability at 6 years of age (β = −0.56 [−3.78, 2.66],p =.732). However, while scores were within the normal range for the outcome measures at both time points, there was a significant reduction in the rate of receptive vocabulary growth at 10 years of age (PPVT-R) for children with bilateral OM at 6 years of age (β = −3.17 [−6.04, −0.31],p =.030), but not for the combined unilateral or bilateral OM group (β = −1.83 [−4.04, 0.39],p =.106).ConclusionsChildren with OM detected at 6 years of age in this cohort had average language development scores within the normal range at 6 and 10 years of age. However, there was a small but statistically significant reduction in the rate of receptive vocabulary growth at 10 years of age (on the PPVT-R measure only) in children who had bilateral OM at 6 years of age after adjusting for a range of sociodemographic factors.
Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen und Geschlechtsdysphorie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen: Systematisches Review zur gemeinsamen Prävalenz
Authors: Herrmann Lena , Bindt Carola , Schweizer Katinka , Micheel Jan , Nieder Timo Ole , Haaß Judith , Schöttle Daniel , Becker-Hebly Inga 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die Literatur zum gemeinsamen Auftreten von Geschlechtsdysphorie/Gendervarianz und Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen wird für das Kindes- und Jugendalter systematisch aufbereitet.
Methodik Für den Zeitraum 1946 bis Dezember 2018 wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Von insgesamt 144 identifizierten Publikationen erfüllten 22 die Einschlusskriterien. In den inkludierten Studien wiesen 4,7–13,3 % der untersuchten Kinder und Jugendlichen mit primär diagnostizierter Geschlechtsdysphorie/Gendervarianz gleichzeitig auch eine Autismus-Diagnose auf. In den Stichproben von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit primär diagnostiziertem Autismus war Gendervarianz mit 4–6,5 % im Vergleich zu nicht klinischen Stichproben überrepräsentiert.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse sprechen für ein erhöhtes gemeinsames Auftreten der beiden Phänomene bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Methodische Überlegungen sowie klinische Implikationen werden diskutiert.
Management of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Experience of a North African Center
Authors: Assoumane Ibrahim , Touati Mahdia , Adamou Harissou , Lagha Nadia , Baaré Ibrahim , Sanoussi Samuila , Sidi Said Abderahmanne , Morsli Abdelhalim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground The idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterized by elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) in the absence of intracerebral space occupation or venous sinus thrombosis. It usually occurs in obese young women but is very rare in childhood.Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective study in the neurosurgical department of Bab El Oued teaching hospital of Algiers over a period of 8 years from January 2008 to December 2015. We analyzed clinical data of 10 patients with IIH diagnosis, and the surgical technique consisted of an insertion of a lumbo-peritoneal shunt.Results In our study, 80% were women with sex ratio M/F of 0.25; the mean age was 32 years and 60% of our patients were obese. For most of our patients, the postoperative outcome was marked by the disappearance of the headache immediately, disappearance of strabismus and diplopia in the following week, followed by improvement of visual function.Conclusion The IIH is predominantly a disease of women in the childbearing age; surgical treatment is a good option for patients who resisted medication or did not tolerate it as well as for ICH fulminous in emergency cases.
Concurrent Ventral Hernia Repair Is Effective in Patients Undergoing Abdominally Based Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Kraft Casey T. , Chao Albert H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The abdomen remains the most preferable donor site for autologous breast reconstruction. Many patients in this population will have had prior abdominal surgery, which is the chief risk factor for having a ventral hernia. While prior studies have examined the impact of prior abdominal surgery on breast reconstruction, limited data exist on the management of patients with a preexisting ventral hernia. The objective of this study was to investigate outcomes of performing ventral hernia repair concurrent with abdominally based microsurgical breast reconstruction.
Methods A 5-year retrospective review of patients undergoing abdominally based microsurgical breast reconstruction was performed. The experimental group consisted of patients with a preexisting ventral hernia that was repaired at the time of breast reconstruction, and was compared with a historical cohort of patients without preexisting hernias.
Results There were a total of 18 and 225 patients in the experimental and control groups, respectively. There was a higher incidence of prior abdominal surgery in the experimental group (p = 0.0008), but no other differences. Mean follow-up was 20.5 ± 5.2 months. There were no instances of recurrent hernia or flap loss in the experimental group. No significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups in the incidence of donor-site complications (27.8 vs. 20.9%, respectively; p = 0.55), recipient site complications (27.8 vs. 24.0%, respectively; p = 0.78), operative time (623 ± 114 vs. 598 ± 100 minutes, respectively; p = 0.80), or length of stay (3.4 ± 0.5 vs. 3.1 ± 0.4 days, respectively; p = 0.98).
Conclusion Concurrent ventral hernia repair at the time of abdominally based microsurgical breast reconstruction appears to be safe and effective. Larger studies are needed to further define this relationship.
Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound to Assess and Manage Portal Hypertension
Authors: Singh Sidhant , Mukewar Saurabh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPortal hypertension leads to the development of varices along the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of varices. Endosonography (EUS) enables visualization and permits access to varices and veins outside the gastrointestinal tract. EUS has emerged as an important tool, with the ability to identify vascular changes, treat gastric and ectopic varices, perform portal pressure measurements, portal venography, and intrahepatic shunt placement. This review discusses the role of endoscopy and the emerging role of EUS in evaluation and management of portal hypertension.
COVID-19 ECMO Myths Busted
Authors: Sharma Amita , Sharan Sandeep , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra , Chowdhury Ujjwal Kumar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLiterature has proven that COVID-19 patients develop pneumonia. Prognosis of this is poor in case of COVID-19 patients developing the following: low lymphocyte count (< 16%) which gets lower with active COVID-19 infection, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus with no exercise. A lot of dilemmas and myths in this nascent COVID-19 pandemic period exist regarding the use of ECMO. Perplexities such as do we treat the COVID-19 patients on ECMO, as a pulmonary ARDS pneumonia, and/or do we need high PEEP or moderate PEEP, during ECMO for this ARDS; are some common COVID-19 ECMO myths which this short review aims to cover in a question-answer format.
Role of Reticulocyte Parameters in Anemia of First Trimester Pregnancy: A Single Center Observational Study
Authors: Kumar Utpal , Chandra Harish , Gupta Arvind Kumar , Singh Neha , Chaturvedi Jaya 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction The diagnosis of anemia in pregnancy should be early to prevent complications to mother and baby. It should be simple and safe, and therefore feasibility of reticulocyte parameters may prove beneficial in this regard. Newer reticulocyte parameters have not been studied extensively especially in pregnancy. The present study was conducted to evaluate reticulocyte hemoglobin content (Ret-He), immature reticulocyte fraction, and reticulocyte count and to compare them with serum ferritin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in assessment anemia in pregnancy.
Material and Methods Prospective study included first trimester pregnant females where hemoglobin, MCV, and MCH were categorized and statistically analyzed with serum ferritin and reticulocyte parameters.
Results The study included 155 first trimester pregnant females showing statistical difference in Ret-He between all categories of hemoglobin and MCV (p < 0.05). ROC curve analysis using MCV < 83 fl and MCH <27 pg showed that area under curve for Ret-He at cutoff of 27.8 ng/mL was 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.90–0.98, sensitivity 93%, specificity 83%). The cutoff of 27.2 ng/mL Ret-He for the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia has specificity of 86%, sensitivity 71%, positive predictive value 0.39, and likelihood ratio of 5.1.
Conclusion Ret-He is a feasible and easily available parameter which may be helpful in differentiating between microcytic hypochromic and normocytic normochromic anemia along with frank and borderline anemia in first trimester pregnant females. This in turn is essential to initiate an early therapy so as to prevent the maternal and fetal complications.
Criteria for subjecthood and non-canonical subjects in Classical
Greek
Authors: Benedetti Marina , Gianollo Chiara 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The dative-marked argument of the verb
dokéō ‘seem’ in Classical Greek displays
syntactic, semantic and pragmatic properties that qualify it as a
non-canonical subject. To substantiate this claim, three phenomena
are analyzed, all involving coreference resolution across clause
boundaries: long-distance reflexivization, interclausal coreference,
and case mismatch in participial constructions. For the latter
phenomenon, the observed mismatch between case marking and
referential properties is captured by positing the same coreference
mechanism for finite clauses and for a class of participial
constructions that qualify as a full clausal domain.
Ablaut pattern extension as partial regularization strategy in
German and Luxembourgish
Authors: Nowak Jessica 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The present contribution considers the nature of
ablaut pattern extension and the determinants contributing to it.
Following Morphological Economy Theory (e.g., Werner, 1987), it argues that analogical
pattern extensions are highly functional, i.e., they constitute
frequency-driven partial regularization strategies within verbal
systems. This assumption is supported by diachronic and empirical
data from two case studies: In German, low-frequency strong verbs
reduced stem allomorphy by adopting the Class II pattern
[o

pret
=o

pp
],
a partial leveling that may precede the weakening of strong forms
(e.g., bellen – ball – gebollen → boll –
gebollen → bellte – gebellt ‘to
bark’). In Luxembourgish, a uniform preterite marker
ou emerged as a consequence of drastic
preterite loss.
Expletives in Icelandic
Authors: Booth Hannah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Various claims have been made concerning
expletives in historical Icelandic (Eythórsson & Sigurðardóttir, 2016;
Hróarsdóttir, 1998;
Rögnvaldsson, 2002).
However, previous studies are limited to certain centuries and/or
text types. This paper assesses the status of expletives throughout
all stages of attested Icelandic (1150–2008) using the Icelandic
Parsed Historical Corpus (IcePaHC). The IcePaHC data indicates that
the expletive is already attested in impersonal constructions in Old
Icelandic, contra previous accounts. I also claim that
þar ‘there’ was historically available as an
expletive in presentational constructions and argue against a recent
claim that the emergence of expletive það is a
contact phenomenon. Strikingly, postfinite expletives are attested
historically, which challenges the standard cross-Germanic account
for the diachrony of expletives.
Contact and change in Neo-Aramaic dialects
Authors: Khan Geoffrey 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aramaic, a Semitic language, has survived down
to modern times as a spoken language in a large diversity of
Neo-Aramaic dialects. This paper examines various aspects of
contact-induced linguistic change in the subgroup of dialects known
as North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA). These dialects have for many
centuries been in contact with various other languages, including
Semitic (Arabic) and non-Semitic (Kurdish, Persian, Armenian, Turkic
languages). Various motivating factors can be identified for
contact-induced change in the NENA dialects. These are
sociolinguistic and internal systemic. When change occurs it often
involves only partial convergence. Change sometimes results in
imitations of the morphology of the contact language using internal
morphological elements. Sociolinguistic and internal systemic
factors can also inhibit change in a contact situation.
Characterization of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) for amino acids in plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 and enhancement of amino acid chemotaxis by MCP genes overexpression
Authors: Hida Akiko , Oku Shota , Miura Manami , Matsuda Hiroki , Tajima Takahisa , Kato Junichi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Pseudomonas protegens CHA0, known as plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium, showed positive chemotactic responses toward proteinaceous L-amino acids. Genomic analysis revealed that P. protegens CHA0 possesses four putative chemoreceptors for amino acids (designated CtaA, CtaB, CtaC, and CtaD, respectively). Pseudomonas aeruginosa PCT2, a mutant defective in chemotaxis to amino acids, harboring a plasmid containing each of ctaA, ctaB, ctaC, and ctaD showed chemotactic responses to 20, 4, 4, and 11 types of amino acids, respectively. To enhance chemotaxis toward amino acids, we introduced the plasmids containing ctaA, ctaB, ctaC, or ctaD into P. protegens CHA0. By overexpression of the genes, we succeeded in enhancing chemotaxis toward more than half of the tested ligands. However, unexpectedly, the P. protegens CHA0 transformants showed unchanged or decreased responses to some amino acids when compared to wild-type CHA0. We speculate that alternation of expression of a chemoreceptor may affect the abundance of other chemoreceptors.

Abbreviations
cDNA: complementary DNA; LBD: ligand-binding domain; MCP: methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein; PDC: PhoQ/DcuS/CitA; PGPR: plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria; qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse transcription PCR
Heart rate and stroke rate misrepresent supramaximal sprint kayak training as quantified by power
Authors: Hogan Cruz , Binnie Martyn J. , Doyle Matthew , Lester Leanne , Peeling Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study examined the utility of novel measures of power output (PO) compared to traditional measures of heart rate (HR) and stroke rate (SR) for quantifying high‐intensity sprint kayak training. Twelve well‐trained, male and female sprint kayakers (21.3 ± 6.8 y) completed an on‐water graded exercise test (GXT) and a 200‐, 500‐ and 1000‐m time‐trial for the delineation of individualised training zones (T) for HR (5‐zone model, T1‐T5), SR and PO (8‐zone model, T1‐T8). Subsequently, athletes completed two repeat trials of a high‐intensity interval (HIIT) and a sprint interval (SIT) training session, where intensity was prescribed using individualised PO‐zones. Time‐in‐zone (minutes) using PO, SR and HR was then compared for both HIIT and SIT. Compared to PO, time‐in‐zone using HR was higher for T1 in HIIT and SIT (P < 0.001, d ≥ 0.90) and lower for T5 in HIIT (P < 0.001, d = 1.76). Average and peak HR were not different between HIIT (160 ± 9 and 173 ± 11 bpm, respectively) and SIT (157 ± 13 and 174 ± 10 bpm, respectively) (P ≥ 0.274). In HIIT, time‐in‐zone using SR was higher for T4 (P < 0.001, d = 0.85) and was lower for T5 (P = 0.005, d = 0.43) and T6 (P < 0.001, d = 0.94) compared to PO. In SIT, time‐in‐zone using SR was lower for T7 (P = 0.001, d = 0.66) and was higher for T8 (P = 0.004, d = 0.70), compared to PO. Heart rate measures were unable to differentiate training demands across different high‐intensity sessions, and could therefore misrepresent the training load in such instances. Furthermore, SR may not provide a sensitive measure for detecting changes in intensity due to fatigue, whereas PO may be more suitable.
Modelling and optical response of a compressive-strained AlGaN/GaN quantum well laser diode
Authors: Menani A. , Dehimi L. , Dehimi S. , Pezzimenti F. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The effects of the quantum well (QW) width, carrier density, and aluminium (Al) concentration in the barrier layers on the optical characteristics of a gallium nitride (GaN)-based QW laser diode are investigated by means of a careful modelling analysis in a wide range of temperatures. The device’s optical gain is calculated by using two different band energy models. The first is based on the simple band-to-band model that accounts for carrier transitions between the first levels of the conduction band and valence band, whereas the second assumes the perturbation theory (k.p model) for considering the valence intersubband transitions and the relative absorption losses in the QW. The results reveal that the optical gain increases with increasing the n-type doping density as well as the Al molar fraction of the Al
x
Ga1–x
N layers, which originate the GaN compressive-strained QW. In particular, a significant optical gain on the order of 5000 cm–1 is calculated for a QW width of 40 Å at room temperature. In addition, the laser threshold current density is of few tens of A/cm2 at low temperatures.
Strain-induced the dark current characteristics in InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice for mid-wave detector
Authors: Lee H. J. , Ko S. Y. , Kim Y. H. , Nah J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Type-II superlattice (T2SL) materials are the key element for infrared (IR) detectors. However, it is well known that the characteristics of the detectors with the T2SL layer are greatly affected by the strain developed during the growth process, which determines the performance of IR detectors. Therefore, great efforts have been made to properly control the strain effect and develop relevant analysis methods to evaluate the strain-induced dark current characteristics. In this work, we report the strain-induced dark current characteristics in InAs/GaSb T2SL MWIR photodetector. The overall strain of InAs/GaSb T2SL layer was analyzed by both high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and the dark current measured from the absorber layer at the elevated temperatures (≥ 110 K), where the major leakage current component is originated from the reduced minority carrier lifetime in the absorber layer. Our findings indicate that minority carrier lifetime increases as the tensile strain on the InAs/GaSb T2SL is more compensated by the compressive strain through ‘InSb-like’ interface, which reduces the dark current density of the device. Specifically, tensile strain compensated devices exhibited the dark current density of less than 2 ×10–5 A/cm2 at 120 K, which is more than one order of magnitude lower value compared to that of the device without tensile strain relaxation.
1064 nm InGaAsP multi-junction laser power converters
Authors: Yin Jiajing , Sun Yurun , Yu Shuzhen , Zhao Yongming , Li Rongwei , Dong Jianrong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Laser photovoltaic devices converting 1064 nm light energy into electric energy present a promising prospect in wireless energy transmission due to the commercial availability of high power 1064 nm lasers with very small divergence. Besides their high conversion efficiency, a high output voltage is also expected in a laser energy transmission system. Meanwhile, 1064 nm InGaAsP multi-junction laser power converters have been developed using p+-InGaAs/n+-InGaAs tunnel junctions to connect sub-cells in series to obtain a high output voltage. The triple-junction laser power converter structures are grown on p-type InP substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and InGaAsP laser power converters are fabricated by conventional photovoltaic device processing. The room-temperature I–V measurements show that the 1 × 1 cm2 triple-junction InGaAsP laser power converters demonstrate a conversion efficiency of 32.6% at a power density of 1.1 W/cm2, with an open-circuit voltage of 2.16 V and a fill factor of 0.74. In this paper, the characteristics of the laser power converters are analyzed and ways to improve the conversion efficiency are discussed.
Using Lidar technology to assess regional air pollution and improve estimates of PM2.5 transport in the North China Plain
Authors: Xiang Yan , Lv Lihui , Chai Wenxuan , Zhang Tianshu , Liu Jianguo , Liu Wenqing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Air pollutants seriously impact climate change and human health. In this study, the gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI) three-dimensional variational data assimilation system was extended from ground data to vertical profile data, which reduced the simulation error of the model in the vertical layer. The coupled GSI-Lidar-WRF-Chem system was used to improve the accuracy of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) simulation during a wintertime heavy pollution event in the North China Plain in late November 2017. In this experiment, two vehicle-mounted Lidar instruments were utilized to make synchronous observations around the 6th Ring Road of Beijing, and five ground-based Lidars were used for long-term network observations on the North China Plain. Data assimilation was then performed using the PM2.5 vertical profile retrieved from the seven Lidars. Compared with the model results, the correlation of assimilation increased from 0.74–0.86, and the root-mean-square error decreased by 36.6%. Meanwhile, the transport flux and transport flux intensity of the PM2.5 were analyzed, which revealed that the PM2.5 around the 6th Ring Road of Beijing was mainly concentrated below 1.8 km, and there were obvious double layers of particles. Particulates in the southwest were mainly input, while those in the northeast were mainly output. Both the input and output heights were around 1 km, although the input intensity was higher than the output intensity. The GSI-Lidar-WRF-Chem system has great potential for air quality simulation and forecasting.