bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Reasons for not Utilization of Intrauterine Device among Short Term Modern Contraceptive User Women in Hossana Town Public Health Facilities: Qualitative Study
Authors: Handiso Demelash Woldeyohannes 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Intrauterine device (IUD) is a safe, long-acting, and effective method of contraception. However, is under-utilized in many countries, including Ethiopia. The several studies presented to address the problem, nearly all are quantitative. These have primarily generated a list of associated factors and reasons that did not seem to help health systems to design effective strategies to address the problem. This study looked at the problem with a different approach to explore the issue in detail and help to develop locally appropriate strategies to increase the utilization of IUD in the study area. To this end, qualitative method focused entirely on understanding why short term contraceptive user women are not using IUD from the maternal health service programs.

Objective

To explore the reasons for not utilization of IUD among short term modern contraceptive users in Hossana town public health facilities, southern Ethiopia.

Method

A Phenomenological qualitative study was conducted in Hossana town public health facilities, Southern Ethiopia from November 1-30, 2019. A total of 13 in-depth interviews were conducted: eleven short term contraceptive users, one health centre head and one health extension worker/community health worker/ were included in the study. Semi-structured interviewer guided questions and tape recorder were used to collect data. The collected data were expanded, labelled and ordered chronologically. Data were organized after subsequent detailed reading and analysis. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the collected data.

Result

In this study, the reasons for not utilization of IUD was poor knowledge about the benefits of IUD, insufficient counseling and not providing informed choices, and the absence of trained health personals and shortage of necessary supplies.

Conclusion

The main reasons for not utilization of IUD was poor counseling of mothers, unsupportive provider-client relationships, and poor counseling by service providers. Efforts to rise IUD users need to focus on improving counseling of mothers and strengthening the health systems.
Low high-density lipoprotein level is correlated with the severity of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Wang Guyi , Zhang Quan , Dong Haiyun , Wu Chenfang , Wu Fang , Yu Bo , Lv Jianlei , Zhang Siye , Wu Ying , Wu Guobao , Wu Shangjie , Zhong yanjun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of the present study was to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with different levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and analyze the correlation between HDL levels and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.
Methods
In the clinical retrospective analysis, a total of 228 adult COVID-19 patients admitted to Public Health Treatment Center of Changsha, China from January 17 to March 14, 2020 were enrolled. Median with interquartile range and Mann-Whitney test were used to depict and analyze the clinical characteristics of patients. The Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve and cox regression were adopted to analyze the association between HDLs and severe events of COVID-19 patients.
Results
Median levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in adult COVID-19 patients were below normal range. Compared with patients with high HDL-C, patients with low HDL-C showed higher proportion of male (69.6% vs 45.6%, P = 0.004), higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (median, 27.83 vs 12.56 mg/L, P = 0.000) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (median, 21.49 vs 18.81 U/L, P = 0.044), as well as higher proportion of severe events (37.0% vs 14.8%, P = 0.001). Moreover, they presented a higher risk of developing severe events compared with those with high HDL-C (Log Rank P < 0.001, Fig. 1). After adjusting for age, gender and underlying diseases, patients with low HDL-C still had elevated possibility of developing to severe cases than those with high HDL-C (HR 2.852, 95% CI 1.505–5.407, P = 0.001).
Conclusions
HDL-C level decreased in COVID-19 adult patients, and low HDL-C in COVID-19 patients was correlated with a higher risk of developing severe events.
Imaging the rapid yet transient accumulation of regulatory lipids, lipid kinases, and protein kinases during membrane fusion, at sites of exocytosis of MMP-9 in cancer cells
Authors: Stephens Dominique , Powell Tyrel , Taraska Justin , Harris Dinari 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The control of exocytosis is physiologically essential. In vitro SNARE proteins are sufficient to drive membrane fusion, but in cells there are additional proteins and lipids that work together to drive efficient, fast, and timely release of secretory vesicle cargo. Growing evidence suggests that regulatory lipids act as important lipid signals and regulate various biological processes including exocytosis. Though functional roles of many of these regulatory lipids has been linked to exocytosis, the dynamic behavior of these lipids during membrane fusion at sites of exocytosis in cell culture remains unknown. Methods: We used total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) to observe the spatial organization and temporal dynamics of several lipids, and accessory proteins, like lipid kinases and protein kinases, in the form of protein kinase C (PRKC) relative to single sites of exocytosis of MMP-9 in living MCF-7 cancer cells. Results: After stimulating exocytosis with PMA, we observed a transient accumulation of the regulatory lipids (e.g. PIP, PIP2, and DAG), lipid kinases (e.g. PI4K2B, PI4K3A, and PIP5KA), and protein kinases (e.g. PRKCA and PRKCE) at exocytic sites centered on the time of membrane fusion, before rapidly diffusing away from the fusion sites. Additionally, the synthesis of these regulatory lipids, degradation of these lipids, and the downstream effectors activated by these lipids, are also achieved by the recruitment and accumulation of key enzymes at exocytic sites (during the moment of cargo release), including lipid kinases, protein kinases, and phospholipases that facilitate membrane fusion and exocytosis of MMP-9. Conclusions: This work suggests that these regulatory lipids and associated effector proteins are locally synthesized and/or recruited to exocytic sites, during the time of membrane fusion and cargo release, and their enrichment at fusion sites serves as an important spatial and temporal organizing “element” defining individual exocytic sites.
Bomb Blast: Imaging Findings, Treatment and Clinical Course of Extremity Traumas
Authors: Tahtabasi Mehmet , Er Sadettin , Karasu Recep , Ucaroglu Erhan Renan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: To determine the severity and types of blast-related extremity injuries and the presence of accompanying vascular injuries (VI) and amputation, and to identify the predictive factors affecting the treatment management and clinical course.
Methods: The study included 101 patients with extremity injuries caused by a bomb explosion. The radiographs and computed tomography angiographies of the patients were evaluated in terms of injury patterns, presence of shrapnel fragments and fractures, and localization (upper or lower extremity) and type (open or closed) of injury. The Gustilo-Anderson classification was used for open fractures. According to their severity, open fractures classified as types 1, 2 and 3A were included in Group 1 and those classified as type 3B and 3C in Group 2.
Results: As a result of the explosion, 101 (57.7%) patients had extremity injuries, of which 76 (75.2%) presented with at least one fracture. Of the total of 103 fractures, nine (8.8%) were closed and 94 (91.2%) were open. Thirty-eight (40.4%) of the open fractures were located in the upper extremities, and 56 (59.6%) in the lower extremities and pelvis. Open fractures were most frequently localized in the femur (n=20; 21.2%), followed by the tibia (n=18; 19.1%). The majority of patients with open fractures were in Group 1 (74.2%). The duration of hospital stay was longer in Group 2 (11.7±5.8 vs. 6.8±6.7 days, p <0.0001). Mortality among patients in Group 2 (44.4%) was significantly higher than in Group 1 (6.1%) ( p <0.0001). Similarly, the injury severity score (ISS) was higher in Group 2 (median 20 vs. 9, p<0.0001). Similarly, the rate of VI was higher in Group 2 (66.1%) than in Group 1 (2.4%) ( p <0.0001). VI was present in 13 (12.9%) of all patients, and amputation in seven (7.9%).
Conclusion: The presence of severe open fractures, VI, and high ISS score can be considered as important factors that increase morbidity and mortality. In extremity traumas, through the secondary blast mechanism, contaminated-fragmented tissue injuries occur. Therefore, we believe that it will be beneficial to apply damage control surgery in places with low socioeconomic level and poor hygienic conditions.
A Unique Role Of TRPV1 Ion Channels In The Suppression Of Gastric Cancer Development
Authors: Gao Nannan , Yang Feng , Chen Siyuan , Wan Hanxing , Zhao Xiaoyan , Dong Hui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Although the aberrant expression and function of most Ca2+-permeable channels are known to promote gastrointestinal tumors, the association of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1(TRPV1) channels and gastric cancer (GC) has not been explored so far. We sought to determine their role in the development of GC and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: The expression of TRPV1 in GC cells and tissues was detected by qPCR, immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. CCK8 and flow cytometry were used to detect the proliferation and cell cycle, while transwell assay was used to detect migration and invasion. The role of TRPV1 in GC development in vivo was tested using tumor xenograft and peritoneal dissemination assays in nude mice. Results: The decreased expression of TRPV1 protein in primary human GC tissues was closely correlated with poor prognosis of GC patients. TRPV1 protein was predominately expressed on the plasma membrane of several GC cell lines. TRPV1 overexpression attenuated proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro, but TRPV1 knockdown increased them. Moreover, TRPV1 significantly reduced gastric tumor sizes, numbers and peritoneal dissemination in vivo. Mechanistically, TRPV1 overexpression increased [Ca2+]i, activated CaMKKβ and AMPK phosphorylation, and decreased expression of cyclin D1 and MMP2, but TRPV1 knockdown caused the opposite effects.Conclusions: TRPV1 uniquely suppresses GC through a novel Ca2+/CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway and its downregulation is correlated with poor survival in human GC. TRPV1 upregulation and its downstream signaling may be a promising strategy for GC prevention and therapy.
Impact of ALDH2 Gene Polymorphism on Coronary Artery lesions in Ethnic Hakka Population with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gan Caiyan , Liu Sudong , Guo Xuemin , Weng Ruiqiang , Gu Xiaodong , Zhong Zhixiong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) contributes to converting acetaldehyde into acetate, thus plays a key role in the ethanol metabolism and oxidation of acetaldehyde. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene polymorphism on coronary artery lesions in ethnic Hakka patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Methods: A total of 312 patients (male = 241, female = 71) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) suffered ≥ 50% stenosis of at least one major coronary artery were recruited into the study. Lesions of AMI patients carried different ALDH2 genotypes were analyzed.
Results: The incidence of multivessel lesions was higher in the ALDH2 mutation group (90.6%) than the ALDH2 wild group (80.3%) with reaching statistical significance (p = 0.009). Compare to the single lesion group, multivessel lesions group were more likely to be lower DBP (77.3 ± 14.1 versus 86.4 ± 13.8, p = 0.004), older (66.1 ± 12.2 versus 59 ± 12.1, p = 0.009), have hypertension (55.7% versus 30.8%, p = 0.023) in the ALDH2 wild patients. In the ALDH2 mutation patients, multivessel lesions group also tend to be elderly (65.9 ± 11.3 versus 58.5 ± 11.3, p = 0.011). In the addition, the multivessel lesions group presented higher levels of the TG and lower levels of the LDL-C than the single lesion group, but it is no statistical differences. The logistics regression showed that age and ALDH2 mutation were vulnerable to the multivessel lesions the ethnic Hakka population with AMI.
Conclusions: The AMI patients in ethnic Hakka population carrying mutated ALDH2 allele was vulnerable to multiple coronary artery lesions. ALDH2 allele was associated with multiple coronary artery lesions in AMI patients among ethnic Hakka population.
Key words: ALDH2 mutated allele, coronary artery lesions, acute myocardial infarction
Boosting toxic protein expression: transient in vivo inactivation of engineered bacterial alkaline phosphatase
Authors: Krawczun Natalia , Bielawa Marta , Szemiako Kasjan , Lubkowska Beata , Sobolewski Ireneusz , Zylicz-Stachula Agnieszka , Skowron Piotr M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:The biotechnology production of enzymes is often troubled by the toxicity of the recombinant products of cloned and expressed genes, which interferes with the recombinant hosts’ metabolism. Various approaches have been taken to overcome these limitations, exemplified by tight control of recombinant genes or secretion of recombinant proteins. An industrial approach to protein production demands maximum possible yields of biosynthesized proteins, balanced with the recombinant host’s viability. Bacterial alkaline phosphatase (BAP) from Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) is a key enzyme used in protein/antibody detection and molecular cloning. As it removes terminal phosphate from DNA, RNA and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, it is used to lower self-ligated vectors’ background. The precursor enzyme contains a signal peptide at the N-terminus and is secreted to the E. coli periplasm. Then, the leader is clipped off and dimers are formed upon oxidation.Results: We present a novel approach to phoA gene cloning, engineering, expression, purification and reactivation of the transiently inactivated enzyme. The recombinant bap gene was modified by replacing a secretion leader coding section with a N-terminal his6-tag, cloned and expressed in E. coli in a P BAD promoter expression vector. The expression was robust, resulting in accumulation of His6-BAP in the cytoplasm, exceeding 50% of total cellular proteins. The His6-BAP protein was harmless to the cells, as its natural toxicity was inhibited by the reducing environment within the E. coli cytoplasm, preventing formation of the active enzyme. A simple protocol based on precipitation and immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) purification yielded homogeneous protein, which was reactivated by dialysis into a redox buffer containing reduced and oxidized sulfhydryl group compounds, as well as the protein structure stabilizing cofactors Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ and phosphate. The reconstituted His6-BAP exhibited high activity and was used to develop an efficient protocol for all types of DNA termini, including problematic ones (blunt, 3’-protruding).Conclusions: The developed method appears well suited for the industrial production of ultrapure BAP. Further, the method of transient inactivation of secreted toxic enzymes by conducting their biosynthesis in an inactive state in the cytoplasm, followed by in vitro reactivation, can be generally applied to other problematic proteins.
Metabolism biochemical of young plants of Ucuúba (Virola surinamensis) in the presence of cadmium
Authors: Viana Waldemar , Neto Cândido Oliveira , Filho Benedito , Cruz Eniel , Amarante Cristine , Fonseca Vinicius , Nogueira Glauco , Nascimento Vitor , Sousa Diana , teixeira Jessica 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The increased cadmium (Cd) concentration in the environment, caused especially by mining residues and excessive use of phosphate fertilizers, can cause serious imbalances in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. High levels of Cd in the soil commonly causes many stress symptoms in plants. and nutritional imbalance between carbon and nitrogen metabolism.The aim of this study was to assess the Nitrogen and Carbon metabolism of young plants of Ucuúba (Virola surinamensis) in the presence of cadmium with the perspective of the phytoremediation of contaminated environments. The used experimental design was a completely randomized design with five Cd concentrations (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg L − 1), for 60 days. In general, Cd did not affect nitrate concentration in the root but had a positive effect on leaves. The reduction of nitrate reductase (NR) in plants exposed to Cd was followed by a decrease in ammonia, total soluble amino acids (TSA), and total soluble proteins (TSP). Cd promoted an increase in the concentration of total soluble carbohydrates (TSC), proline, sucrose, and reducing sugars in the plants. V. surinamensis presented a higher self-protection capacity in the form of bioaccumulation of total soluble carbohydrates, sucrose, and proline, important for its tolerance to the presence of Cd.
Impact of Multidisciplinary Collaborative Intervention on Isolation Implementation in the Prevention and Control of Multidrug Resistance Infection—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhang Xinping , Lai Xiaoquan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Isolation is important in the prevention and control of infection with multidrug-resistant organisms(MDROs) but implementation is weak. We aim to analyze the impact of multidisciplinary collaborative intervention on isolation in multidrug-resistant organism(MDRO) infection and determine the factors affecting the implementation of isolation measures.Methods: A retrospective analysis of the issuance of isolation orders for 1338 patients with MDRO infection and colonization in 10 months before and after multidisciplinary collaborative interventions carried out on November 1, 2018 at a teaching tertiary hospital in central China. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze factors affecting isolation implementation. Results: The overall issuance rate of isolation orders was 66.12%, which increased from 33.12% before the intervention to 75.88% after the intervention (P <0.000). The multidisciplinary collaborative intervention (OR = 0.154) is a promoting factor for the issuance of isolation orders, in addition to Length of stay(LOS)> 15d (OR = 0.459) and department (P <0.05). Conclusions: Multidisciplinary collaborative interventions related to isolation can promote doctors to issue isolation orders in accordance with regulations.
Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on the Development of Cardiovascular Disease among Kazakhs in Remote Rural Areas of Xinjiang, China: A Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Wenwen , Guo Shuxia , Wang Haixia , Li Yu , Zhang Xianghui , Hu Yunhua , Guo Heng , Wang Kui , Yan Yizhong , Zhang Jingyu , Ma Jiaolong , Mao Lei , Mu Lati , Liu Jiaming , Song Yanpeng , Li Changjing , Ma Zhuo , Ma Rulin , He Jia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) could promote the development of cardiovascular disease(CVD). The aim of this study was to examine the association of MS and its components with CVD among Kazakhs in Xinjiang. Methods: According to the geographical distribution of the minority populations in Xinjiang, we selected the representative prefecture (Yili). A total of 2,644 participants completed the baseline survey between April 2010 and December 2012. The follow-up survey was conducted from April 2016 to December 2016. Only 2,286 out of 2,644 participants were followed-up on, with a follow-up rate of 86.46%. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of each component and the number of combinations of MS components on the development of CVD. Results: Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC), and triglycerides (TG) were independently associated with CVD. Participants with 1–5 MS components had an increased hazard ratio for developing CVD, from 1.82 to 8.59 (trend P<0.001), compared with those without any MS components. This trend persisted after adjusting for other general risk factors. The risk of developing CVD increased when TG and WC coexisted, or when TG/WC and BP coexisted. However, no significant interactions were found between BP , WC , and TG. Conclusions: BP , WC, and TG were independent risk factors for CVD in Kazakhs. In clinical practice, a more informative assessment may be obtained by taking into account the number of MS components.
Pengaruh gaya mengajar resiprokal terhadap keterampilan teknik grab start
Authors: Gani Ruslan Abdul , Winarno M.E. , Aminudin Rizki , Dimyati Akhmad , Mahardika Dhika Bayu 
Published: June 2020

Teknik Grab Start merupakan teknik start yang penting dalam perlombaan renang. start merupakan penentu keberhasilan dalam perlombaan renang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya mengajar resiprokal terhadap kemampuan teknik grab start pada mahasiswa UNSIKA. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan eksperimen, dengan jenis penelitian pra-eksperimen. populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 180 mahasiswa, penarikan sampling dengan purposive samping dengan jumlah sampel 30 mahasiswa yang dijadikan sampling dalam penelitian ini, dalam penelitian ini ada tes awal (pre test) terlebih dahulu untuk mengetahui kemampuan awal, adanya perlakuan (treatment) setelah diberikan perlakuan (treatment) diadakan tes akhir ( post test) untuk mengetahui peningkatan keterampilan teknik grab start. Hasil dari penelitian ini terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dengan hasil t-hitung sebesar 9,064> t-tabel 1,699. Kesimpulannya bahwa terdapat pengaruh gaya mengajar resiprokal terhadap keterampilan teknik grab start pada mahasiswa Unsika. Effect of reciprocal teaching styles on the grab start skills in students AbstractThe Grab Start technique is an important start technique in swimming competitions. start is a determinant of success in swimming competitions. This study aims to determine the effect of reciprocal teaching style on the ability to grab start techniques at UNSIKA students. The method used in this research is experimentation, with the type of pre-experimental research. the population in this study amounted to 180 students, sampling withdrawal with purposive sampling with a sample of 30 students used as sampling in this study, in this study there are initial tests (pre-test) in advance to determine the initial ability, the treatment (treatment) after being given treatment (treatment) held a final test (post test) to determine the increase in the ability to grab start technique. The results of this study have a significant effect with the results of the t-test of 9,064> t-table of 1,699. The conclusion is that there is an influence of the reciprocal teaching style on the ability of grab start technique in unsika students.