bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI Na-ALGINAT DAN UKURAN BEADS TERHADAP STABILITAS BEADS DAN AKTIVITAS SEL Agrobacterium tumefaciens LSU20 IMMOBIL DALAM BIODESULFURISASI DIBENZOTHIOFENA
Authors: Yoga Saputra I Made , Semadi Antara Nyoman , Wayan Gunam Ida Bagus 
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration and size of Na-alginate beads that have the highest degradation activity of dibenzothiophene. Biodesulfurization (BDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) was performed using 3 Na-alginate concentrations and 3 different beads sizes in the oil model system. Biodesulfurization was performed with incubation for 24 hours. The previous research showed that sodium alginate (Na-alginate) was an appropriate immobilizing agent compared to other immobilized materials. Na-alginate 4% show the activity of the degradation of the most good that is 66.33% (bead size 2 mm), 62.99% (bead size 3 mm), 59.93% (bead size 4 mm), for concentration of 3% Na-alginate showed 65.58% (bead size 2 mm), 61.68% (bead size 3 mm) and 60.43% (bead size 4 mm), while concentration 5% showed the most low that is 64.86% (bead size 2 mm), 61.01% (bead size 3 mm), and 58.89% (bead size 4 mm). The stability test showed Na-alginate 4% have the stability and durability of the bead stronger, the test showed Na-alginate can be used up to five repeat and still have degradation activity.
Key words: Biodesulfurization, Dibenzothiophene, Immobilized cells, Na-alginate.
STABILTAS KAROTENOID EKSTRAK PEWARNA BUAH PANDAN (Pandanus tectorius) PADA SUHU DAN pH AWAL PENYIMPANAN
Authors: Indriyani Ni Made Dewi , Wartini Ni Made , Suwariani Ni Putu 
Published: June 2020

Pandanus fruit is a part of Pandanus tectorius plant that has a yellow to orange color. Pandanus fruit has the potential to be a natural source of yellow and orange dye. The dye obtained from pandanus fruit has unstable properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pH and temperature on the stability of carotenoids from pandanus fruit and to determine the pH and temperature that can maintain the stability of pandanus fruit extract during storage. The experiment of this study used Completely Randomized Design with two factors. The first factor was acidity (pH) that consisted of three levels: pH 4, 7, and 10. The second factor was temperature that consisted of two levels: 4±3ºC and 28±3ºC. The results showed that acidity (pH) had very significant effect (P<0.01) and temperature had significant effect (P<0.05) on carotenoids. The dye extract of pandanus fruit was more stable at the storage conditions of pH 7 (neutral) and cold temperature (4±3ºC) during 4 weeks storage with decreased of carotenoids was 34.29%.
Keywords : Pandanus fruit extract, carotenoids, ph, temperature, stability
PERANAN KUNYIT ASAM SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN PADA FOTOOKSIDASI MINYAK KEDELAI
Authors: Rumiarsa Komang , Suhendra Lutfi , Suwariani Ni Putu 
Published: June 2020

Turmeric tamarind is known for its strong antioxidant synergism which has the potential as a singlet oxygen catcher due to the presence of bioactive compounds that are easily oxidized by singlet oxygen. The aims of this study is to determine the role of turmeric- tamarind extract (Curcuma domestica Val.-Tamarindus indica L.) as an antioxidant for erythrosine photosensitizer in soybean oil. Turmeric and tamarind are extracted using ethanol solution. The comparison of the turmeric tamarind extract used is 3: 2 with the total extract mixture concentration is 300 ppm. Photo-oxidation is determined by placing the soybean oil under fluorescent light 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000 lux for 4 hours at room temperature. The ferithiocyanate method is used to measure peroxide figures for every hour. Descriptive one factor was used in analyzing the collected data. The results showed that the light intensity affected the damage of soybean oil containing 25 ppm erythrosine and turmeric-tamarind extract. Rapid damage of soybean oil that exposed to bright light is 18,5 time in comparation with dark conditions. Turmeric-tamarind extract has no activity as quenching singlet oxygen, but is effective as scaveging free radical.
Keywords : Soybean oil, Curcuma domestica, Val.-Tamarindus indica L., singlet oksigen quenching, scavenging free radical
DIGITAL DIVIDE AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
Authors: Saraceni Guido 
Published: June 2020

Because of the large spread of ICTs the world has become a truly global one. ICTs have landed a thousand walls, allowing people to get in touch regardless of distances and natural boundaries that once upon a time were considered insurmountable. Thus, digital divides is (are) still a big problem. A similar gap does not only concern the shameful inequality that separates rich and poor. From a cultural point of view, it indicates the uneven diffusion of the skills needed to obtain a benefit from the use of digital tools. As a matter of fact, digital divide(s) can be thought as the most important problem that we have to face, if we want to guarantee a complete and fair fruition of fundamental rights.
LEGAL PLURALISM AND INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: INTRODUCTORY NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE TWO CONCEPTS.
Authors: De Lemos Miguel 
Published: June 2020

This study is based on the dialogue between legal pluralism and international development, which shapes the daily lives of much of the world population, in particular those who live in emerging or developing States and are subject to programmes of international technical assistance. Due to a number of factors, this dialogue is required to, on a practical level, harmonise diametrically opposed onto-epistemological legal dimensions. From the epistemological point of view, the phenomenological dimension of this study will allow us to analyse the conceptual and scientific evolution of both legal pluralism and international development, accompanying the development of the underlying legal theory which, in cycles, has seen moments of convergence and divergence, and of tension and distension, over the last seven decades. Having as background the case study of Timor-Leste this work also looks at the practical consequences that certain options will give rise to in building a State and its systems of justice within the framework of legally plural societies.
An unusual complication of hepatitis A: secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Muduli Jayant Kumar , Mitra Meenakshi , Agarwal Shweta , Rashmi Supriya 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is characterized by severe cytopenias due to uncontrolled hemophagocytosis. Other laboratory signs and clinical symptoms result from disordered immune regulation, and cytokine storm is well recognized. It is often a fatal complication of infections. It is not as uncommon as thought of previously.

Case Presentation:
We discuss a 7-year-old boy, born out of non-consanguineous marriage with acute hepatitis A infection, who developed HLH during treatment and was successfully managed with methyl prednisolone pulse therapy followed by oral prednisone therapy.

Conclusion:
Secondary HLH is a rare complication in a case of hepatitis A. A high index of suspicion at the early stage of HLH may produce a favorable outcome.
Biostratigraphy of the Lystrosaurus declivis Assemblage Zone (Beaufort Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa
Authors: Botha J. , Smith R.M.H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The earliest Triassic (Induan) Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone has long been recognised as a particularly significant biozone in palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental studies as it contains a community assemblage that records the survival and recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction (EPME). Here renamed the Lystrosaurus declivis Assemblage Zone it represents the best record globally of the ecological changes in terrestrial community structure and stability during this time period. The assemblage is dominated by two species of small to medium-sized herbivorous dicynodonts L. declivis and L. murrayi that co-occur in equal abundance, along with a range of smaller and less common faunivorous and insectivorous taxa. The latter comprise cynodonts (Thrinaxodon, Galesaurus, and Platycraniellus), therocephalians (Olivierosuchus, Regisaurus and Promoschorhynchus), the diminutive parareptiles (Saurodektes, Sauropareion, Colleta, Phonodus and Procolophon) and eureptilian arrivals possibly representing immigrant taxa (Prolacerta, Heleosuchus and Noteosuchus), among others. The attendant large carnivores were sabre-toothed Moschorhinus and the long-snouted archosauromorph Proterosuchus. In the aftermath of the mass extinction, new small temnospondyl taxa established their first occurrences i.e. Broomistega, Lydekkerina, and Micropholis, and have relatively high abundances compared to earlier temnospondyl records in the Karoo. Lithostratigraphically, the biozone for the most part spans the upper Palingkloof Member of the Balfour Formation and the overlying Katberg Formation in the western part of the basin, and the Normandien Formation in the east. The Lystrosaurus declivis Assemblage Zone of the main Karoo Basin hosts the type locality of the global Lootsbergian land-vertebrate faunachron. The biozone is one of the most widespread terrestrial faunal assemblages of western Gondwana with closely related species occurring in India and Antarctica. Similar, but much more distantly related taxa, occur in Induan-aged strata of Russia, China and Brazil.
Lokalizacja urzędów centralnych w systemie osadniczym Polski
Authors: Wałachowski Karol 
Published: June 2020

Lokalizacja centralnej administracji jest istotnym lokalnym oraz regionalnym czynnikiem rozwojowym. Z perspektywy funkcji centralnych, opisywanych przez W. Christallera, jest to jedno z najważniejszych narzędzi wpływania na rozwój lokalny i regionalny. W artykule autor porównuje lokalizację urzędów centralnych oraz instytutów badawczych do deklarowanego w dokumentach strategicznych systemu osadniczego. Istotnym elementem pracy, oprócz teoretycznej podbudowy, jest systematyzacja lokalizacji urzędów oraz instytutów.
MENEROKA KONVIGURASI DAN RELASI LEKSIKAL LEKSEM SIKAP BATIN RANAH MAKNA KEMARAHAN DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Zabadi Fairul 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini membahas tentang leksem sikap batin “kemarahan” dalam bahasa Indonesia yang dalam definisi dan penggunaannya banyak yang bertumpang tindih. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan konvigurasi dan relasi leksikal leksem sikap batin ranah kemarahan melalui analisis komponen makna sehingga ciri yang sama dan pembeda setiap leksem jelas. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik analisis isi yang menggunakan dokumen dan penggunaan kalimat sebagai rangka uji untuk menemukan simpulan yang valid. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa konfigurasi leksikal leksem memiliki hubungan hierarki atas-bawah (marah1 dengan dongkol, jengkel, sebal, kesal, gondok dan marah 2 dengan leksem kalap, berang, gusar, bengis) dan hubungan sejajar (leksem jengkel dan mangkel). Sementara itu, relasi leksikal yang terjadi adalah relasi kehiponiman dan relasi kesinoniman. Relasi leksikal kehiponiman terjadi antara leksem marah dengan leksem marah 1, marah 2, dan jengkel serta mengkel. Leksem marah merupakan hiperonim, sedangkan marah 1, marah 2, dan jengkel serta mengkel merupakan hiponim dari leksem marah. Hubungan kehiponiman juga tampak antara marah1 dengan leksem dongkol, jengkel,sebal, kesal, dan gondok dan marah 2 dengan leksem kalap, berang, gusar, bengis. Marah 1 merupakan hiperonim dari leksem dongkol, jegkel, sebal, kesal, dan gondok dan marah 2 merupakan hiperonim dari leksem kalap, berang, bengis. Relasi leksikal kesinoniman yang terjadi bersifat sinonimi dekat, tidak sinonimi mutlak.
Pengaruh Variasi Glukosa dalam Pembuatan Selongsong Sosis dengan Proses Fermentasi Air Kelapa menggunakan Sistem Batch Reaktor
Authors: YUHANIANSYAH NISA , PRATAMA YULIANTI , SALAFUDIN SALAFUDIN 
Published: June 2020

AbstrakSalah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi proses pembentukan selulosa dalam proses fermentasi oleh A. xylinum adalah sumber karbon. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan konsentrasi glukosa yang optimum terhadap ketebalan selulosa berdasarkan variasi jenis pipa dan perlakuan pipa. Proses fermentasi menggunakan sistem batch reaktor skala laboratorium yang disuplai oksigen murni selama 16 hari fermentasi dengan nilai pH 4,30. Variasi jenis pipa yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah pipa PVC dan pipa PET dengan perlakuan digores dan tanpa digores. Variasi konsentrasi glukosa yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% dan 25%. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada penambahan konsentrasi glukosa sebesar 15% dan menggunakan pipa PVC dengan perlakuan digores karena menghasilkan selulosa dengan ketebalan 0,2 cm dengan nilai persentase penurunan COD 62,16%, BOD 72,62%, Kadar Glukosa 87,77%, pH 11,11% dan persentase peningkatan TPC 87,13%.Kata kunci: Acetobacter xylinum, BOD, Fermentasi, Reaktor Batch, TPC Variasi GlukosaAbstractCellulose is a fermented product by the bacterium. Acetobacter xylinum from the degradation source contained in the coconut water substrate. One factor that influences the process of cellulose formation in the fermentation process by A. xylinum i is a carbon source. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum glucose concentration on cellulose thickness based on variations of pipe types and pipe treatment. A laboratory-scale batch system reactor which is supplied with pure oxygen for 16 days of fermentation with a pH value of 4.30. Variations in the type of pipe used in the study are PVC pipes and PET pipes with scratched and without scratched treatment. Variations in glucose concentration used in the study were 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The best results were obtained by the thickness of 0.2 cm with a percentage of COD reduction of 62.16%, BOD 72.62%, Glucose Level 87.77%, pH 11.11% and 87.13% TPC increase percentage.Keywords: Acetobacter xylinum, BOD, Fermentation, Batch Reactor, TPC, Variation of Glucose
Perhitungan Beban Emisi Gas Buang SO2 dari Kendaraan Bermotor di Ruas Jalan Utama Kota Bandung menggunakan Pemodelan Terbalik
Authors: OKTAVIAN KIRANA , PERMADI DIDIN AGUSTIAN , DIRGAWATI MILA 
Published: June 2020

AbstrakKota Bandung sebagai kota dengan aktivitas transportasi yang tinggi menghasilkan emisi pencemar di udara, salah satunya adalah Sulfur Dioksida (SO2). Data pengukuran kualitas udara roadside rata-rata pertahun oleh Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Bandung (DLH Kota Bandung) bahwa trend peningkatan konsentrasi SO2 dari tahun 2017-2018 sebesar 46%. Meninjau dari dampak yang disebabkan terhadap kesehatan manusia maupun lingkungan, maka diperlukan suatu upaya pengendalian pencemaran udara, salah satunya adalah inventarisasi emisi (IE). Pelaksanaan IE di Indonesia masih terdapat kekurangan dalam segi teknis maupun non teknis. Data faktor emisi yang digunakan dalam perhitungan beban emisi belum spesifik terhadap kondisi lalu lintas di Kota Bandung. Selain itu, metode IE secara umum memerlukan banyak pengambilan data. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah perhitungan beban emisi dari sektor transportasi dengan menggunakan metode pemodelan terbalik. Metode ini memberikan informasi nilai estimasi faktor emisi melalui hasil pengukuran udara. CALINE4 merupakan salah satu model kualitas udara yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk konsep pemodelan terbalik. Kata kunci: Sulfur Dioksida, Model Terbalik, CALINE4, Faktor Emisi, Beban Emisi AbstractBandung City is a growing cities with intensive transportation activities which are expected to emit air pollutants such as Sulfur Dioxide (SO2). Based on data from the average annual roadside air quality measurement by DLH Kota Bandung that the trend of increasing SO2 concentrations from 2017-2018 is 46%. The necessary for controlling air pollution in Bandung City is needed, one of which is inventory of emissions (IE). Implementation of IE in Indonesia is still lacking in various aspects. Emission factor data that were used in the calculation of emission loads is not specific to the traffic conditions in Bandung. In addition, the IE method generally requires a lot of data retrievall. The purpose of this study is to calculate the emission load of SO2 from the transportation sector by using the inverse modeling method. This method provides information on the estimated value of emission factors through the results of air measurements. CALINE4 air quality models was used for the purpose. Keywords: Sulfur Dioxide, Inverse Modelling, CALINE4, Emission Factor, Emission Load
Identifikasi Senyawa BTEX pada Asap Kendaraan Bermotor Roda Dua
Authors: MAULANA YUSUF EKA , YULIANA TRISNA , ROHMAH AINI ASPIATI 
Published: June 2020

AbstrakPenggunaan kendaraan bermotor roda dua di Indonesia semakin berkembang pesat. Semakin tinggi tingkat penggunaan transportasi yang beroperasi disuatu daerah, maka akan semakin tinggi pula potensi pencemaran udara di daerah tersebut. Jika pembakaran pada kendaraan bermotor tidak sempurna maka dapat dihasilkan senyawa yang berbahaya yaitu benzene (C6H6), toluene (C7H8), ethylbenzene (C8H9), dan xylene (C8H10) atau biasa disingkat BTEX. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa BTEX dan senyawa hidrokarbon lainnya dalam asap kendaraan bermotor dengan menggunakan kromatografi gas-spektrometer massa (GC-MS). Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan adanya hubungan yangsangat kuat antara standard dengan hasil pengukuran yaitu dengan R2 di atas 0,99. Identifikasi menunjukkan senyawa BTEX yang terbentuk adalah Benzene, Toluene, Etil Benzene, Xylene.Kata kunci: kendaraan bermotor, hidro karbon, BTEX, GC-MS.AbstractThe use of two wheels motorized vehicles or motorcycles in Indonesia is growing rapidly. It has been known that the greater the number of two wheels motorized vehicles the higher the potential for air pollution. If the combustion occur incomplete, hazardous compounds can be generated, namely benzene (C6H6), toluene (C7H8), ethylbenzene (C8H9), and xylene (C8H10) or commonly abbreviated BTEX. The purpose of this study was to identify BTEX compounds and other hydrocarbon compounds in motor vehicle fumes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometers. The identification results indicate a very strong relationship between the standard and the measurement results, with R2 above 0.99. Identification shows that BTEX compounds formed are Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, Xylene. Keywords: motorcycles, hidro karbon, BTEX, GC-MS.
YARATICI ENDÜSTRİLERİ VE GİRİŞİMCİ ÜNİVERSİTELER İLİŞKİSİ: DİJİTAL OYUN SEKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNDEN BİR İNCELEME
Authors: KEPENEK Emek Barış 
Published: June 2020

Yaratıcı endüstriler fikrinin temelinde yeni dünya düzeninde artık üretime dayalı bir ekonominin etkili olmadığını fark edilmesi, yerel kalkınma için yeni model arayışı ve bunun içinde yaratıcılık, yenilik ve nitelikli insan kaynağı fikirleri yatar. Teknolojinin hızlı gelişimiyle de büyümeye başlayan “yaratıcı endüstriler” konusu toplumların gelişmesinde daha fazla yer edinecektir.
Yeni ekonomik dönüşümler, işgücü yapısında yeni gereklilikleri beraberinde getirmiş, işgücünü yetiştiren kurumları da tartışılmaya başlamıştır. Yaratıcı işgücü eğitiminin, yeni istihdam koşullarına ve beklentilere karşılık vermede yetersiz olduğu ortaya konmuştur.
Bu bağlamda üniversiteler özellikle teknolojinin ve çalışma pratiklerinin hızla değiştiği alanlarda nitelikli iş gücü temin etme ve mezunlarına, iş kurmanın başlangıç aşamalarında (girişimcilik) destek ve imkân sağlama bakımından hayati rol oynuyorlar. Bu nedenle yaratıcı endüstri kavramı, son yıllarda üniversitelerin değişen rolü ve “girişimci üniversite” kavramı üzerinden tartışılacaktır. Yaratıcı endüstrilerin en hızlı büyüyen kollarından biri olan dijital oyun sektörü ve Türkiye üniversitelerindeki durumu da örnek vaka olarak kullanılmıştır. Buna ek olarak tartışılan ilişkinin geliştirilmesi için politika önerileri geliştirilmiştir.
Continuing Medical Education, Professional Development, and Requirements for Medical Licensure: A White Paper of the Conjoint Committee on Continuing Medical Education
Authors: Miller Stephen H. , Thompson James N. , Mazmanian Paul E. , Aparicio Alejandro , Davis David A. , Spivey Bruce E. , Kahn Norman B. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
To provide the best care to patients, a physician must commit to lifelong learning, but continuing education and evaluation systems in the United States typically require little more than records of attendance for professional association memberships, hospital staff privileges, or reregistration of a medical license. While 61 of 68 medical and osteopathic licensing boards mandate that physicians participate in certain numbers of hours of continuing medical education (CME), 17 of them require physicians to participate in legislatively mandated topics that may have little to do with the types of patients seen by the applicant physician. Required CME should evolve from counting hours of CME participation to recognizing physician achievement in knowledge, competence and performance. State medical boards should require valid and reliable assessment of physicians' learning needs and collaborate with physician and CME communities to assure that legislatively mandated CME achieves maximal benefit for physicians and patients. To ensure the discovery and use of best practices for continuing professional development and for maintenance of competence, research in CME and physician assessment should be raised as a national priority.
Morfología palinológica y viabilidad en especies de Canna L. (Cannaceae- Zingiberales) e híbridos relacionados
Authors: Ciciarelli María de las Mercedes , Passarelli Lilian M. 
Published: June 2020

Introducción y objetivos: Los cultivares de Canna resultaron de la hibridación intensiva de cinco especies americanas diploides: C. flaccida Salsb., C. glauca L., C. indica L, C. iridiflora Ruiz et Pav. y C. warscewiczii A. Dietr. Se estudia por primera vez la morfología palinológica y la viabilidad del polen de tres híbridos triploides pertenecientes a la notoespecie C. x generalis y de tres especies parentales: C. glauca, C. indica y C. warscewizii, que crecen en Argentina. El objetivo es aportar información sobre la hibridización y la evolución artificial del género Canna mediante un estudio de la morfología palinológica y la viabilidad del polen.
M&M: Los granos de polen de flores frescas se observaron con microscopio óptico siguiendo la técnica de Wodehouse. La observación de la esporodermis y de las espinas se realizó con un microscopio electrónico de barrido, en tanto que la viabilidad del polen se estudió mediante la técnica de MTT (Rodriguez-Riano & Dafni, 2000).
Resultados: Los caracteres morfológicos observados indicaron diferencias significativas. En las especies silvestres, la forma y el tamaño de los granos es regular al igual que el tamaño, morfología, distribución y densidad de las espinas. En los híbridos, los caracteres mencionados resultan irregulares, con importantes diferencias en el tamaño y con una densidad de espinas 2-3 veces mayor que la del polen perteneciente a las especies parentales.
Conclusiones: Los resultados de la viabilidad del polen se correlacionan con la presencia y la ausencia de semillas.