bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome sequence and spore germination associated transcriptome analysis of Corynespora cassiicola from cucumber
Authors: Gao Shigang , Zeng Rong , Suo Yujuan , Xu Lihui , Song Zhiwei , Gao Ping , Dai Fu Ming 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Corynespora cassiicola as a necrotrophic plant pathogenic ascomycetes fungus can infect hundreds of species of plants, and also rarely cause human disease. The pathogen infects cucumber and causes cucumber target spot, which has given rise to great yield loss of cucumber in China recently. Genome sequence and spore germination associated transcriptome analysis will contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of pathogenicity and spore germination of C. cassiicola .Results Firstly, we reported the draft genome sequences of a cucumber-sampled C. cassiicola isolate HGCC with high virulence. Although being conspecific, HGCC had distinct difference with a rubber-sampled isolate (CCP) and a human-sampled isolate (UM591) in genome sequences. The proportion of secreted proteins was 7.4% in HGCC. 28.6% of HGCC predicted genes were highly homologous to experimentally proven virulence-associated genes, which was close to that in CCP, UM591 and some plant fungal pathogens, but far more than 21.9% in Phaeosphaeria nodorum and 19.6% in Botrytis cinerea . Thousands of putative virulence-associated genes in various pathways or families were identified in HGCC. Secondly, a global view of the transcriptome of C. cassiicola spores during germination was evaluated using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). A total of 3,288 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The majority of KEGG annotated DEGs were involved in metabolism, genetic information processing, cellular processes, organismal system, human diseases and environmental information processing.Conclusions These results not only facilitated the exploration of the molecular pathogenic mechanism of C. cassiicola to cucumber and the understanding of molecular and cellular processes during spore germination, but also laid the foundation for the disease control.
The Protective Effect of a Combination of Human Intracellular and Extracellular Antibodies against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus
Authors: ZHANG XIAO , Lu Chen , Li Xinyan , Di Yaxuan , Liu Fangzhou , Feng Zhenqing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background:Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus is a serious threat to humans. Due to its antiviral activity, antibody-based therapy is one of the possible effective countermeasures. Here,a combination of intracellular and extracellular human antibodies was investigated and showed a better protective effect. Methods: The scFv4F5-based intracellular antibody and full-length IgG1 extracellular antibody vectors were constructed or expressed, respectively. In vitro, the sensitivity, specificity and affinity of these antibodies were detected by western blotting, ELISA, flow cytometry, Biacore X100 SPR technique and microneutralization assay. In vivo, the protective effect of the combination of antibodies and the dynamics of viral replication were tested, and the related cytokines and proteins were detected by ELISA, western blotting and qPCR. Results: The intracellular antibody could inhibit H5N1 virus propagation in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The protective effect of IgG1 was good in post-treatment therapy in a mouse model. When the intracellular antibody was pre-transfected in a combination regimen with IgG1, it had a better protective effect than IgG1 alone. The protective effect was primarily accomplished by inducing the secretion of cytokines, i.e., IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, i.e., Bim and cleaved PARP. Conclusions: This antibody combination technique could be used as an appropriate and powerful alternative to antiviral therapy.
Hookah smoking among a sample of Iraqi male high school students: Awareness and understanding
Authors: Al-Delaimy Ahmed Khalaf Soofi , Al-Ani Waleed 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: The use of hookah smoking device is increasing at large scale distributing from Eastern Mediterranean region reaching Western countries. Hookah smoke users exposed to a lot of chemical compounds and to several chronic diseases. The purpose of this study is to confirm the prevalence of hookah use among a sample of male high school students in Iraq, and to provide a better understanding of cessation-related behaviors and cognitions of hookah only users.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among students in three high schools (for males only) at Karkh District, Baghdad. The study period was from Oct. 2017 till Jan. 2019 including a total of 847 male students. A structured KAP questionnaire was used to identify their knowledge and use of hookah smoking. Analysis of data was carried out using the available statistical package of SPSS-25.Results: the overall prevalence of hookah smoking among high school male students was high (46%). More than two-thirds (70.6%) of them think that water pipe smoking is acceptable socially more than cigarette smoking. More than half of participants (55%) first heard about hookah smoking from friends and close to two-thirds (65.2%) who smoke hookah from those surround students were also friends. Almost half of respondents think hookah smoking is not encouraged in the faith of Islam (47.3%) and less than quarter (20.9%) think it’s completely forbidden in Islam.Conclusions: Hookah smoking is increasing among high school students and becoming a socially acceptable behavior that needs more public and adolescent education about its harmful effect.
Nitrogen Fertilizer and Residue Management in Dryland No‐Till Hard Red Spring Wheat
Authors: Walsh Olga S. 
Published: November 2019

Core Ideas
Nitrogen may enhance wheat grain quality even when wheat yield is not increased.
Nitrogen rate and placement had greater effect on grain protein than wheat yield.
Side‐banding N resulted in higher grain protein than broadcasting.
Residue management had no effect on wheat production.
This article summarizes the results from a 1‐yr field experiment conducted at two locations in northcentral Montana. Nutrient and residue management are important aspects of dryland no‐till cropping systems that directly affect wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. The objectives were to assess N response of hard red spring wheat grown in dryland no‐till conditions under varied crop residue management. The effects of N application rate (0, 135, and 270 kg N ha−1) and placement (broadcast vs. side‐banded) and residue management (undisturbed vs. removed) on biomass weight and N content, Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI), grain yield, grain test weight, and protein content of hard red spring wheat were evaluated. At one of two locations, the 135 kg N ha−1 rate resulted in significantly higher yield, compared with unfertilized check, but further increase of N rate to 270 kg N ha−1 did not improve yield. There was no response of grain yield to N application rate at the second location. At one of two locations, the side‐dress N application resulted in higher wheat yield, but no statistically significant differences in yield associated with N placement was observed at the second location. Biomass N content and grain protein content were significantly affected by the N application rate at both locations. The results of this study confirm that even if wheat grain yields are not always increased with N applications, N fertilizer could still be beneficial in terms of improved grain quality (test weight and protein content).
Heavy halogen geochemistry of martian shergottite meteorites and implications for the halogen composition of the depleted shergottite mantle source
Authors: Clay Patricia L. , Joy Katherine H. , O’Driscoll Brian , Busemann Henner , Ruzié-Hamilton Lorraine , Burgess Ray , Fellowes Jonathan , Joachim-Mrosko Bastian , Pernet-Fisher John , Strekopytov Stanislav , Ballentine Christopher J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVolatile elements (e.g., H, C, N) have a strong influence on the physical and chemical evolution of planets and are essential for the development of habitable conditions. Measurement of the volatile and incompatible heavy halogens, Cl, Br, and I, can provide insight into volatile distribution and transport processes, due to their hydrophilic nature. However, information on the bulk halogen composition of martian meteorites is limited, particularly for Br and I, largely due to the difficulty in measuring ppb-level Br and I abundances in small samples. In this study, we address this challenge by using the neutron irradiation noble gas mass spectrometry (NI-NGMS) method to measure the heavy halogen composition of five olivine-phyric shergottite meteorites, including the enriched (Larkman Nunatak LAR 06319 and LAR 12011) and depleted (LAR 12095, LAR 12240, and Tissint) compositional end-members. Distinct differences in the absolute abundances and halogen ratios exist between enriched (74 to136 ppm Cl, 1303 to 3061 ppb Br, and 4 to 1423 ppb I) and depleted (10 to 26 ppm Cl, 46 to 136 ppb Br, and 3 to 329 ppb I) samples. All halogen measurements are within the ranges previously reported for martian shergottite, nakhlite, and chassignite (SNC) meteorites. Enriched shergottites show variable and generally high Br and I absolute abundances. Halogen ratios (Br/Cl and I/Cl) are in proportions that exceed those of both carbonaceous chondrites and the martian surface. This may be linked to a volatile-rich martian mantle source, be related to shock processes or could represent a small degree of heavy halogen contamination (a feature of some Antarctic meteorites, for example). The differences observed in halogen abundances and ratios between enriched and depleted compositions, however, are consistent with previous suggestions of a heterogeneous distribution of volatiles in the martian mantle. Depleted shergottites have lower halogen abundances and Br and Cl in similar proportions to bulk silicate Earth and carbonaceous chondrites. Tissint in particular, as an uncontaminated fall, allows an estimate of the depleted shergottite mantle source composition to be made: 1.2 ppm Cl, 7.0 ppb Br, and 0.2 ppb I. The resultant bulk silicate Mars (BSM) estimate (22 ppm Cl, 74 ppb Br, and 6 ppb I), including the martian crust and depleted shergottite mantle, is similar to estimates of the bulk silicate earth (BSE) halogen composition.
Serum Vitamin D and Cingulate Cortex Thickness in Older Adults: Quantitative MRI of the Brain
Authors: Foucault Gonzague , Duval Guillaume T , Simon Romain , Beauchet Olivier , Dinomais Mickael , Annweiler Cédric 
Published: November 2019

Background:Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with brain changes, and cognitive and mobility declines in older adults.Method:Two hundred and fifteen Caucasian older community-dwellers (mean±SD, 72.1±5.5years; 40% female) received a blood test and brain MRI. The thickness of perigenual anterior cingulate cortex, midcingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex was measured using FreeSurfer from T1-weighted MR images. Age, gender, education, BMI, mean arterial pressure, comorbidities, use of vitamin D supplements or anti-vascular drugs, MMSE, GDS, IADL, serum calcium and vitamin B9 concentrations, creatinine clearance were used as covariables.Results:Participants with vitamin D insufficiency (n=80) had thinner total cingulate thickness than the others (24.6±1.9mm versus 25.3±1.4mm, P=0.001); a significant difference found for all 3 regions. Vitamin D insufficiency was cross-sectionally associated with a decreased total cingulate thickness (β=- 0.49, P=0.028). Serum 25OHD concentration correlated positively with the thickness of perigenual anterior (P=0.011), midcingulate (P=0.013) and posterior cingulate cortex (P=0.021).Conclusion:Vitamin D insufficiency was associated with thinner cingulate cortex in the studied sample of older adults. These findings provide insight into the pathophysiology of cognitive and mobility declines in older adults with vitamin D insufficiency.
El protocolo de Nagoya en México: un análisis legal del cumplimiento y el papel de los protocolos comunitarios bioculturales
Authors: Hernández Ordoñez Sergio Ricardo 
Published: November 2019

<p>El Protocolo de Nagoya constituye un tratado especializado en la regulación del acceso apropiado de los recursos genéticos y los conocimientos tradicionales asociados. Busca abatir la problemática asociada con la biopiratería y el despojo histórico de los recursos genéticos y la biodiversidad de los pueblos originarios. El tratado proporciona estándares internacionales de consentimiento informado previo y condiciones mutuamente acordadas entre usuarios y proveedores de tales recursos. México es Parte, situación que lo obliga a implementar medidas administrativas, legislativas y de política que permitan su funcionamiento en territorio nacional. Empero, México carece de una legislación nacional para combatir la biopiratería en detrimento de la implementación del tratado. Esta situación lo señala como un paraíso de acceso por la falta de una regulación nacional e inhibe la detonación de procesos nacionales para el desarrollo de protocolos comunitarios bioculturales como instrumentos defensivos de las comunidades originarias para evitar el saqueo de sus recursos. </p>
La exclusión étnica en la educación básica y secundaria en la naciente república de Colombia, 1819-1825
Authors: Pita Pico Roger 
Published: November 2019

El propósito de este artículo consiste en analizar las dificultades del naciente Estado republicano para diseñar un sistema educativo incluyente que cobijara a las minorías étnicas. Muy poco se logró avanzar en estos años por superar la mentalidad segregacionista y la rígida estructura social que habían primado durante el periodo de dominio hispánico. Así, entonces, los principios republicanos de igualdad y libertad no se vieron reflejados en la política educativa, que resultó afectada por la crisis económica, el déficit fiscal y los estragos causados por las guerras de Independencia; por consiguiente, a los indios y a los negros se les aplazó el ejercicio pleno de sus derechos como ciudadanos, con lo cual se limitaron sus oportunidades de reconocimiento y ascenso socio-económico.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to analyze the difficulties of the beginning of the republican state to design an inclusive education system that would cover ethnic minorities. Very little progress was made in these years to overcome the segregationist mentality and the rigid social structure that had prevailed during the Hispanic domain. So, then, the republican principles of equality and freedom were not reflected in educational policies, which were affected by the economic crisis, the fiscal deficit and the devastation caused by the wars of independence. Therefore the civil rights of Indians and blacks were postponed, thus their chances of recognition and socio-economic improvement were limited.RESUMOO objetivo deste artigo é analizar as dificuldades do nascente Estado republicano para projetar um Sistema educacional inclusivo para abranger às minorias étnicas. Muito pouco progresso foi alcançado nos ultimos anos para superar a mentalidade segregacionista e a estrutura social rígida que prevaleceu durante o período de domínio hispânico. Assim, então, os princípios republicanos de igualdade e liberdade não se refletiram na política educacional, que resultou afetada pela la crise econômica, o déficit fiscal e da devastação causadas pelas guerras de Independência; portanto, aos índios e aos negros foram adiadas para exercer plenamente os seus direitos como cidadaõs, assim suas chances de reconhecimento e avanço sócio-econômico fora
Historia de vida: la maestra Flor de Orozco
Authors: Valbuena Porras Mónica Liset 
Published: November 2019

Esta investigación1 busca analizar y comprender la labor de la maestra rural desde su entorno familiar, social y cultural, a través de la incidencia de las transformaciones socio-políticas que se gestaron a nivel nacional, regional y local durante el siglo XX.Los enfoques desarrollados para este trabajo son el de la Historia social de la educación2 y el de la Educación comparada, para tener una visión teórica, ideológica, política-filosófica que permita aproximarse al objeto de estudio a través de la historia de vida, que contribuye a la construcción de la memoria individual y colectiva de los pueblos.ABSTRACTThis research seeks to analyze and understand the work of the rural teacher through her family, social and cultural environment, and through the impact of socio-political transformations that took place at national, regional, and local level during the twentieth century.The approaches developed for this work include the social history of education and comparative education in order to gain a theoretical, ideological and political-philosophical vision to approach the object of study through the history of life, which contributes to the construction of individual and collective memory of peoples.RESUMOEsta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar e compreender o trabalho da professora rural a partir de seu ambiente familiar, social e cultural, através do impacto das transformações sócio- políticas que foram desenvolvidas a nível nacional, regional y local durante el século XX.As abordagens desenvolvidas para este trabalho são a da historia social da educação e da educação comparativa, para ter uma visão teórica, ideológica, política-filosófica que permite se aproximar do objeto de estudo através da historia de vida, que contribui à construção da memoria individual e colectiva dos povos.
USING SEMANTIC MAPPING TO IMPROVE 9th GRADE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY MASTERY IN MTS AL MUBAROKAH BATUJAJAR IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2016/2017
Authors: Sopian Ade 
Published: November 2019

The objectives of this research entitled “Using Semantic Mapping to improve 9th-gradestudents vocabulary mastery in MTs Al-Mubarokah Batujajar in the academic 2016/2017”. Concerning to the problem stated above the purpose of this study is to find out whether the use of semantic mapping. In this research was a quantitative method. The writer will take one class, as experimental. The instrument is pre-test and post-test which is given to both experiment and control class. The population is 60 9th grade students of MTs Al-Mubarokah Batujajar and the sample is 30 students of 9th as experiment class and 30 students of 9th as control class. The data analysis is computed by IBM SPSS Ver.16 using Mann Whitney U test with 0,05 level of significance. The test result showed that the score is 0,036 which less than 0,05 (0,036 < 0,05). Based on the data, it can be concluded that null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. In other words, there is the significant difference between students’ achievement in experiment and control class which indicates that Semantic Mapping technique can improve students’ Vocabulary Mastery.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION USING SCANNING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Edvieanto Edvieanto , Munandar Risman , Munandar Aris 
Published: November 2019

The research was conducted in SMK LuhurBaladikain West Bandung. Reading has become the important instrument in education especially in teaching and learning. Reading comprehension is the activity of constructing the meaning of a reading that has important funding in the process of education and the success of students in learning. The research aims to find out the benefit of using scanning technique, and the specific target to be achieved in this research is to prove scanning technique to improve students’ reading comprehension. Output required of this research as a scientific publication in journal that have ISSN. The design of this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR). From the result of pre-test, we found that students’ reading comprehension is under average, the score of pre-test is 59.00. After the implementation of scanning technique in every cycle, the students’ reading comprehension were getting better, it can be seen in average of post-test score cycle 1 was 68.5 and cycle 2 was 79.00. It can be concluded that scanning technique can improve students’ reading comprehension.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PARALLEL WRITING TO IMPROVE STUDENTS WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT
Authors: Ulum Cep Bahrul , Darmawan Surya 
Published: November 2019

English as a global language in all over the world seems to be a priority for people to learn. It is because as social creatures, people absolutely need to communicate in their everyday life in order to socialize or to express their thought, feeling, understanding, opinion, critic, and everything that they want to share to others. English becomes language that should be learn by all students in Indonesia. It has four language skills to be mastered; listening, speaking, reading and writing. However, during the time, most of students have difficulties in mastering writing skill. Those difficulties come because the process of writing requires an entirely different set of competencies and is fundamentally different from speaking (Douglas & Heekyeong, 2015). Therefore, regarding to those difficulties, this research offered one of the language teaching techniques which hopefully can be applied as one of alternatives way in teaching to improve students’ writing skill especially in writing narrative text. Moreover, the writer comes up with a research entitled; The Effectiveness of Parallel Writing Technique to Improve Students Writing Skill in Narrative Text. This study was conducted at one of junior high school in West Bandung involving 30 students as the sample. Then, by using pre-test as post-test as the main instruments calculated with t-test statistical computation, it can be seen that there is significant improvement coming from the students after they got parallel writing technique. Therefore, it is hoped that it can be beneficial for the improvement of writing skill. Keywords: Parallel Technique, Students Writing, Narrative Text.
TEACHING LISTENING USING DUOLINGO APPLICATION
Authors: PUTRI LIDYA MALDINI , ISLAMIATI AULIA 
Published: November 2019

Listening is one of the language skills that quite difficult to master. Listening to more attention and more concentration is needed than any other skill. Listening is different from hearing. Hearing refers to the ear that the voice enters. Physically process, depending on whether they have a hearing problem, which happens automatically. While listening not only give an attention to the story, but the way it is told, language, intonation, voice, and body language. The objective of this study entitled “Teaching Listening Using Duolingo Application” was to reveal whether or not using an application called Duolingo in English learning significantly improves students' listening skills. This research used pre-experimental design and quantitative research method. This study involves 799 consisting of 24 classes in SMKN 2 Karawang and the author takes only one class of 36 students in X- Tata Boga 3 Class. Furthermore, the data taken from pretest and posttest results to find out whether using Duolingo apps improves students' listening skills. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 24 version. This study found that test of normality consist of the data of pretest is (0.076) and the data of posttest is (0.200) in 33 samples. In addition the value of Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 because of the value of the Sig value. (2-tailed) < 0.005 it can be concluded that using Duolingo Applications can improve students' listening skills and also able to make the teaching list motivate students in learning English.Keywords: Teaching, Listening, Duolingo Application