bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Environment and COVID-19 Transmission: A Perspective
Authors: Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen , Sokan-Adeaga Ayodeji Micheal , Sokan-Adeaga Eniola Deborah 
Published: July 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a severe public health threat worldwide. Despite the global spread, there is an observed aberration and skewness in the geographic/regional distribution of the disease, with a high preponderance of cases and mortality occurring in the temperate regions compared to the tropics. A plausible explanation for this discrepancy could be linked to variability in environmental factors. Hence, this review discusses succinctly the possible influences of geographic location, temperature/sunlight, relative humidity and building design on the rate of transmission of COVID-19. We postulate that elevated melatonin production in a hot climate, high temperature, adequate vitamin D synthesis from sunlight exposure, high relative humidity and efficient ventilation due to housing design confers innate immunity and adaptive advantage to COVID-19 transmission for populations in the tropics over those in the temperate regions. Hence, we recommend that control studies taking into congnizance the relationship between environment and disease be prioritized. Such studies are important for predicting viral disease spread, in particular if this leads to pandemics like in the case of COVID-19, to aid decisions in public health policies at the global level. level.
Observation of energy transfer at optical frequency to an ultrathin silicon waveguide
Authors: Fang Liping , Danos Lefteris , Markvart Tom , Chen Rui 
Published: July 2020

Energy transfer from a submonolayer of rhodamine 6G molecules to a 130 nm thick crystalline silicon (Si) waveguide is investigated. The dependence of the fluorescence lifetime of rhodamine on its distance to the Si waveguide is characterized and modeled successfully by a classical dipole model. The energy transfer process could be regarded as photon tunneling into the Si waveguide via the evanescent waves. The experimentally observed tunneling rate is well described by an analytical expression obtained via a complex variable analysis in the complex wavenumber plane.
Concepções do Multiletramento na Contemporaneidade / Conceptions of Multiliteracy in Contemporary
Authors: Fontes Francisca Dos Santos , Miguel Joelson Rodrigues 
Published: July 2020

O presente estudo objetivou uma discussão sobre as concepções do multiletramento na contemporaneidade. A metodologia consistiu em revisão integrativa com os seguintes aportes teóricos de autores como: Jonassen (2008), Diesel, Baldez e Martins (2017), Ortunes e Sousa (2018), Pereira, Schimitt e Dias (2007), Pretto e Silveira (2008), Santos e Lacerda (2019), Sousa (2018) e Staker e Horn (2015), dentre outros. Os resultados parecem indicar que as tecnologias da informação e conhecimento (TICs) disponíveis, assim como a internet possuem uma grande influência no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Sendo assim, é necessária a conciliação do processo de constituição do saber com as novas tecnologias, ampliando o leque de possibilidades de aprender. E finalmente, os saberes que são construídos no cotidiano são indispensáveis para a construção do saber dos indivíduos, pois são referências, marcas e aspectos que constituem a identidade do aluno.
O ambiente Pedagógico e a inserção das Novas Tecnologias Educacionais no Ensino da Química / The Pedagogical Environment and the Insertion of New Educational Technologies in the Teaching of Chemistry
Authors: Meneses Cláudia Cardins Pinho , Miguel Joelson Rodrigues 
Published: July 2020

O presente estudo objetivou uma discussão sobre o ambiente Pedagógico e a inserção das Novas Tecnologias Educacionais no Ensino da Química. A metodologia consistiu em revisão integrativa com base nos aportes teóricos de autores como Molina (2014) que explicita quanto a educação inclusiva lidada nos aspectos sóciocognitivos do educando; Kenski (2004); Lima e Moite (2011); que nos trazem demandas da informática educativa ressaltando quanto ao uso tecnológico no ambiente escolar; Moran (2013); Brito, Camas, Estevam e Fofonca (2018) velam pela conjectura das tecnologias educacionais demandadas com a contemporaneidade em voga; Ferreira e Rosado (2015) tratam do ensino de química no conjunto das tecnologias; e Perrenoud (2000) vem com as novas competências para ensinar e, as características do currículo, que precisam estar com suas linhas conforme a realidade do educando, dentre outros. Conclui-se que é indispensável o uso dos recursos tecnológicos dentro da praticidade pedagógica, no desenvolvimento intelectual do educando, seja para o ensino da química ou de qualquer outra disciplina. Uma relação harmoniosa entre a instituição educacional, professor e alunos, só pode enriquecer e facilitar o desempenho do educando. É no trabalho em conjunto ante os desafios, que somos instigados a desenvolver ao máximo nossas capacidades intelectuais, criativas, expressivas, emocionais e cognitivas.
Alfabetização e Letramento: uma abordagem teórico-metodológica do processo de leitura e escrita / Literacy and Literacy: a theoretical-methodological approach to the reading and writing process
Authors: Mateus Raquel Da Silva , Silva Juliana Alves da , Silva Tiago Da , Lima Paula Veruska Alexandre de 
Published: July 2020

A questão da alfabetização no Brasil ainda é um problema, se fazendo necessário repensar essa prática escolar. A alfabetização é um processo complexo, tendo o seu início antes mesmo da própria escolarização, pois o sujeito antes mesmo de adentrar a escola já traz consigo vivências do seu cotidiano. Nesse sentido, objetivamos refletir sobre a história e o conceito de alfabetização enfocando que essa é mais do que ensinar a ler e a escrever e sobre seus métodos pedagógicos, colocando também sobre a importância do letramento e como essa dupla deve está atrelada no processo de aprendizagem da língua, proporcionando um entendimento mais crítico desse fenômeno que é tão discutido no meio educacional e na qual a prática dos professores precisam estar embasadas. Esse texto resulta de um estudo bibliográfico que nos mostra que a especificidade da alfabetização é, em si, o ensino do código alfabético e ortográfico enquanto a especificidade do letramento é o uso social deste código. Por fim, conclui-se afirmando que é possível sim atingir a qualidade da educação nas classes de alfabetização, desde que utilizemos práticas educacionais que reflitam diferentes metodologias, proporcionando tanto o desenvolvimento da alfabetização quanto o desenvolvimento do letramento de cada sujeito. Palavras – Chave: Alfabetização, Letramento, Leitura, Escrita.
Inconsistency distribution patterns of different remote sensing land-cover data from the perspective of ecological zoning
Authors: Sui Lichun , Kang Junmei , Yang Xiaomei , Wang Zhihua , Wang Jun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Analyzing consistency of different land-cover data is significant to reasonably select land-cover data for regional development and resource survey. Existing consistency analysis of different datasets mainly focused on the phenomena of spatial consistency regional distribution or accuracy comparison to provide guidelines for choosing the land-cover data. However, few studies focused on the hidden inconsistency distribution rules of different datasets, which can provide guidelines not only for users to properly choose them but also for producers to improve their mapping strategies. Here, we zoned the Sindh province of Pakistan by the Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World as a case to analyze the inconsistency patterns of the following three datasets: GlobeLand30, FROM-GLC, and regional land cover (RLC). We found that the inconsistency of the three datasets was relatively low in areas having a dominant type and also showing homogeneity characteristics in remote sensing images. For example, cropland of the three datasets in the ecological zoning of Northwestern thorn scrub forests showed high consistency. In contrast, the inconsistency was high in areas with strong heterogeneity. For example, in the southeast of the Thar desert ecological zone where cropland, grassland, shrubland, and bareland were interleaved and the surface cover complexity was relatively high, the inconsistency of the three datasets was relatively high. We also found that definitions of some types in different classification systems are different, which also increased the inconsistency. For example, the definitions of grassland and bareland in GlobeLand30 and RLC were different, which seriously affects the consistency of these datasets. Hence, producers can use the existing land-cover products as reference in ecological zones with dominant types and strong homogeneity. It is necessary to pay more attention on ecological zoning with complex land types and strong heterogeneity. An effective way is standardizing the definitions of complex land types, such as forest, shrubland, and grassland in these areas.
Improvement of toughness and hardness in BR1500HS steel by ultrafine martensite
Authors: Wang Li-Yong , Li Le 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo obtain the ultrafine martensite for BR1500HS ultra-high-strength steel, a new preparation process of cyclic heat treatment (CHT) with descending heat temperature and holding time along with cycle steps was developed. First, a series of thermal dilation tests were conducted with the temperature range of 420–730°C and the heat rate of 5 K/s on a Gleeble-3800 thermomechanical physical simulator. According to the experimental data, the temperature ranges and the optimal holding time to completely austenitize BR1500HS were determined. Then, to confirm the optimal parameters of CHT for BR1500HS, several tests with various temperatures and cycle steps were conducted and analyzed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Subsequently, the CHTs with decreasing heating temperature and holding time were studied due to the increasing internal energy of steel along with the CHT process. The lath width was measured as a criterion to evaluate the refinement degree in this article. After several loops of heat treatment, the lath width is reduced to 0.268 µm. Finally, the hardness evolution of the specimens subjected to CHT in this study was analyzed and compared with the lath width test results, which justified the effectiveness of the new developed process.
Does Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Promote Socioeconomic Development? Evidence from Advanced, Emerging-market, Developing and Transition Economies
Authors: Das Minakshee 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) on host countries’ socioeconomic development for a sample of more than 80 countries during 1986–2017. It analyses three main areas, namely—health, social-protection and income-distribution, represented by life-expectancy, unemployment-rate and GINI index respectively. The countries are grouped into four categories according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) classification, namely—advanced, emerging-market, developing and transition economies. Previous literature provides an equivocal picture of the impact of inward FDI on socioeconomic development. Several researchers have noted that a certain threshold level of development in the host country is necessary to make it possible to exploit the benefits of inward FDI. The analysis shows that the impact of inward FDI differs with the three main areas (namely—health, social-protection and income-distribution) with different country groups. In general, with an increase in inward FDI the life-expectancy increases, unemployment-rate deepens and the income-distribution becomes more skewed. The findings have important policy implications. The policies should be designed in such a way that there is a positive long-term impact on socioeconomic development by encouraging inward FDI.
Nicotine Self-Administration Induces Plastic Changes to Nicotinic Receptors in Medial Habenula
Authors: Jin Xiao-Tao , Tucker Brenton R. , Drenan Ryan M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChronic nicotine upregulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) throughout the brain, and reducing their activity may promote somatic and affective states that lead to nicotine seeking. nAChRs are functionally upregulated in animal models using passive nicotine administration, but whether/how it occurs in response to volitional nicotine intake is unknown. The distinction is critical, as drug self-administration (SA) can induce neurotransmission and cellular excitability changes that passive drug administration does not. In this study, we probed the question of whether medial habenula (MHb) nAChRs are functionally augmented by nicotine SA. Male rats were implanted with an indwelling jugular catheter and trained to nose poke for nicotine infusions. A saline SA group controlled for non-specific responding and nicotine-associated visual cues. Using patch-clamp whole-cell recordings and local application of acetylcholine, we observed robust functional enhancement of nAChRs in MHb neurons from rats with a history of nicotine SA. To determine whether upregulated receptors are generally enhanced or directed to specific cellular compartments, we imaged neurons during recordings using two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM). nAChR activity at the cell soma and on proximal and distal dendrites was examined by local nicotine uncaging using a photoactivatable nicotine (PA-Nic) probe and focal laser flash photolysis. Results from this experiment revealed strong nAChR enhancement at all examined cellular locations. Our study demonstrates nAChR functional enhancement by nicotine SA, confirming that volitional nicotine intake sensitizes cholinergic systems in the brain. This may be a critical plasticity change supporting nicotine addiction.
Parental Perspectives on Continuous Pulse Oximetry Use in Bronchiolitis Hospitalizations
Authors: Chi Kevin W. , Coon Eric R. , Destino Lauren , Schroeder Alan R. 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:Because of the impact of continuous pulse oximetry (CPOX) on the overdiagnosis of hypoxemia in bronchiolitis, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Choosing Wisely campaign have issued recommendations for intermittent monitoring. Parental preferences for monitoring may impact adoption of these recommendations, but these perspectives are poorly understood.METHODS:Using this cross-sectional survey, we explored parental perspectives on CPOX monitoring before discharge and 1 week after bronchiolitis hospitalizations. During the 1-week call, half of the participants were randomly assigned to receive a verbal statement on the potential harms of CPOX to determine if conveying the concept of overdiagnosis can change parental preferences on monitoring frequency. An aggregate variable measuring favorable perceptions of CPOX was created to determine CPOX affinity predictors.RESULTS:In-hospital interviews were completed on 357 patients, of which 306 (86%) completed the 1-week follow-up. Although 25% of parents agreed or strongly agreed that hospital monitors made them feel anxious, 98% agreed that the monitors were helpful. Compared to other vital signs, respiratory rate (87%) and oxygen saturation (84%) were commonly rated as “extremely important.” Providing an educational statement on CPOX comparatively decreased parental desire for continuous monitoring (40% vs 20%; P &lt; .001). Although there were no significant predictors of CPOX affinity, the effect size of the educational intervention was higher in college-educated parents.CONCLUSIONS:Parents find security in CPOX. A brief statement on the potential harms of CPOX use had an impact on stated monitoring preferences. Parental perspectives are important to consider because they may influence the adoption of intermittent monitoring.
Abraha the Abyssinian in Islamic tradition
Authors: Van Donzel Emeri 
Published: July 2020

Abraha, the Abyssinian ruler of Yemen, who dared to attack Mecca in an attempt to demolish the sacred Kaʿba, is well known in Muslim historical traditions about pre-Islamic Arabia (Sīra and ḥadīṯ). The article presents a collection of the most significant Islamic texts related to Abraha and his military adventure. The author explains how the image of the Ethiopian army commander was blended into the traditional Islamic eschatological personage of the Abyssinian “with the two small shanks” who will destroy the sanctuary of Mecca before the end of the world. Moreover, the descriptions of the characteristics of these two individuals are analyzed in detail to highlight the fact that there is a clear difference between the report of Abraha’s actions in the more historically oriented sources (Sīra) and the harsh judgment against him in the definitely more religiously marked prophetic sayings (ḥadīṯ). ATTENTION: Due to copy-right no online publication is provided.
The Function of Charter-Myths and Trickster-Tales in Ethiopia
Authors: Molvaer Reidulf K. 
Published: July 2020

Where there is no consensus between rulers and ruled about the extent of and limits to the use of power, rulers usually invent charters that give them divine rights to wield power at their own discretion. Most people are law-abiding citizens even under such conditions, but their sympathies lie with the few who dare to take the law into their own hands and free themselves from the constraints imposed by society as if social rules were inviolable. Such people are a law unto themselves, just like rulers who consider themselves to be above the law, but on a much smaller scale. Without checks on behaviour ‘from above’, lawlessness would flourish; but trickster-tales may hint that obedience to the law is not absolute, and that rebellion is a possibility if power is misused. Trickster-tales remind rulers to be moderate in their use of power. ATTENTION: Due to copy-right no online publication is provided.
Disability Justice, White Supremacy, and Harm Reduction Pedagogy: Enacting Anti-Racist Crip Teaching
Authors: Shelton Samuel Z. 
Published: July 2020

In this personal narrative, I reflect on how I have approached teaching about and for disability justice as a White crip feminist educator. I focus on how I have attempted to be accountable for my Whiteness in my teaching about an activist framework and movement grounded in the lived experiences of queer and trans disabled people of color (Sins Invalid, 2016). Towards this task, I describe my effort to enact what I term a harm reduction pedagogy or an approach to teaching that acknowledges the ongoing violence of whiteness and my participation in it while simultaneously striving to minimize the harm students of color experience in my courses. In the second section of this paper, I describe my process of accountability planning in which I anticipate possibilities for harm and prepare myself to respond to them prior to the moments when they happen.
Analysis of the Coupling Path of Qi Culture and Regional Economy
Authors: Li Wen 
Published: July 2020

<p>At present, local culture is becoming more and more important in the developing process of national economy and society, increasing the significance of the development and reconstruction of local culture in various places as well. Local culture can promote the brand building, tourism and economic development. In the long history from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties and till now, Qi culture has been eclectic, becoming a symbol of Chinese culture, and forming a unique spiritual characteristic of self-improvement, kindness, virtue and wisdom. This paper analyzes the coupling path of Qi culture and regional economy.</p>
Basic Requirements of Laboratory Operation for Halal Analysis
Authors: Hafis Yuswan Mohd , Shirwan Abdullah Sani Muhamad , Noorzianna Abdul Manaf Yanty , Nasir Mohd Desa Mohd 
Published: July 2020

Analysis of halal food requires that the laboratories conductive the tests adhere to international guidelines and standards. Common worldwide guidelines and standards for laboratory include the ‘International Organization for Standardization 17025’ (ISO 17025), the ‘Good Manufacturing Practice’ (GMP), and ‘Good Laboratory Practice’ (GLP). In halal analysis, the laboratory shall comply with ISO 17025, GMP, and ‘Good Hygiene Practice’ (GHP) as stated in the ‘Manual Procedure for Malaysia Halal Certification’ (MPPHM). This article discusses the basic requirements for laboratory practises, specifically for halal analysis. The study compares these international guidelines with ‘Malaysia Halal Standards’ to demonstrate that these international standards are combined with Islamic practices to produce valid test results using globally recognized best-practices. This promotes confidence in the halal laboratory’s work both nationally and internationally, and will thus improve international trade.
Keywords: Halal analysis, ISO 17025, GMP, GLP, laboratory operation.
Study of Financial Accounting Phenomenology of Zakat Institutions
Authors: Syahara Zuania , Handayati Puji 
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore financial accounting in the zakat institutions of Malang city, in accordance with PSAK 109 as a guide in the accounting treatment. In Indonesia the majority of the population are Islamic, which has a high potential of zakat. The potential of zakat is not only on zakat fitrah but also on other types of zakat such as zakat maal, infaq and sedekah. Therefore, the acceptance of zakat in Indonesia has a high potential, if the management of funds perform well and transparently. Zakat institutions must make correct financial reports which are audited by public accountants. These audits bare particularly important to increase public trust in zakat management institutions. Therefore, IAI issued a regulation related to the accounting treatment of zakat, infaq and sedekah - PSAK 109. This is expected unify and simplify reporting methods. In addition, PSAK No. 109 aims to ensure that zakat management institutions comply with sharia principles.This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with a phenomenological study. Interviews were conducted with the heads of foundations and accountants at the zakat institution. The data analysis method use primary data and secondary data. In which the data obtained directly from respondents regarding financial accounting treatment carried out at zakat institutions. Then, secondary data is also collected to support research documents from the institution. The results of this study found that YDSF Malang and LAZ Yatim Mandiri Malang carried out accounting treatment differently. It is divided into accounting in the receipt, expenditure and reporting of funds. The recognition and measurement of funds acceptance and expenditure is based on the guidelines of PSAK 109. However, the report of funds in the zakat institution in Malang in the form of financial statements have not been fully compliant with PSAK 109 terms of disclosure of funds. In the presentation of financial statements, it must be clear and accountable in accordance with those stipulated in PSAK No. 109. This will increase public trust in making the zakat institution in the city of Malang the first choice.
Keywords: Treatment of Accounting, Financial Accounting, PSAK 109