bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent Diffusion Method: An Effective Approach to Formulate Nanosponges Loaded with Naproxen Sodium
Authors: Ilyas Fizza , Jamsahid Muhammad , Bashir Irfan , Aslam Rabia , Mehboob Tooba , Tabassam Naila , Alvi Muhammad Nadeem 
Published: November 2020

Objective: Solubility of naproxen sodium is limited. In conventional dosage form it causes different gastro intestinal problems. To overcome these difficulties naproxen sodium loaded nano sponges were designed.
Methodology: Nanosponges were formulated by using emulsion solvent evaporation technique. To obtain dispersion of nanosponges, homogenization of active drug, with specified quantities of polyvinyl alcohol, dichloromethane, ethyl cellulose and distilled, water was done. Compatibility among excipients and active drug was checked by FTIR and results didn’t show any interaction between them. 11 trial formulations were tested for poly dispersity, zeta potential, particle size and viscosity.
Results: Results showed all formulations except NS9, NS10 and NS11 were in nano range. Formulation NS1 to NS6 fall in category of “mid poly dispersity” and formulation NS7 to NS11 were in the category of “very poly dispersity”. Values of Zeta potential of all formulations were in negative range -0.106 to -9.75 mV. The value of viscosity of all formulations were 0.8872. NS2 and NS3 were selected for further testing like Franz cell diffusion study, stability testing and drug loading efficiency. In Franz cell diffusion study, drug release for NS2= 89.62%, for NS3= 89.10% at 50 minutes’ time. Stability studies performed for the 21 days, NS2 and NS3 revealed slight change in percentage drug content at 4°C and 25°C, and major changes were observed at 45°C temperature. Drug loading efficiency was found in NS2= 97.659 % and for NS3= 98.901%.
Conclusion: Nanosponges formulations loaded with naproxen sodium have successfully been prepared.
Nonadiabatic Turbulence Driving during Gravitational Collapse
Authors: Guerrero-Gamboa Rubén , Vázquez-Semadeni Enrique 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We investigate the generation of turbulence during the prestellar gravitational contraction of a turbulent spherical core. We define the ratio g of the one-dimensional turbulent velocity dispersion

to the gravitational velocity

to then analytically estimate g under the assumptions of (a) equipartition or virial equilibrium between the gravitational (

) and turbulent kinetic (

) energies and (b) stationarity of transfer from gravitational to turbulent energy (implying

cst). In the equipartition and virial cases, we find

and

, respectively; in the stationary case we find

, where η is an efficiency factor,

is the energy injection scale of the turbulence, and R is the core’s radius. Next, we perform AMR simulations of the prestellar collapse of an isothermal, transonic turbulent core at two different resolutions, and a nonturbulent control simulation. We find that the turbulent simulations collapse at the same rate as the nonturbulent one, so that the turbulence generation does not significantly slow down the collapse. We also find that (a) the simulations approach near balance between the rates of energy injection from the collapse and of turbulence dissipation; (b)

, close to the “virial” value (turbulence is 30% ∼ 40% of nonthermal linewidth); (c) the injection scale is

, and (d) the “turbulent pressure”

scales as

, an apparently nearly adiabatic scaling. We propose that this scaling and the nearly virial values of the turbulent velocity dispersion may be reconciled with the nondelayed collapse rate if the turbulence is dissipated as soon as it is generated.
Formation of the Cosmic-Ray Halo: Galactic Spectrum of Primary Cosmic Rays
Authors: Dogiel V. A. , Ivlev A. V. , Chernyshov D. O. , Ko C.-M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A self-consistent model of a one-dimensional cosmic-ray (CR) halo around the Galactic disk is formulated with the restriction of a minimum number of free parameters. It is demonstrated that the turbulent cascade of MHD waves does not necessarily play an essential role in the halo formation. Instead, an increase of the Alfvén velocity with distance to the disk leads to an efficient generic mechanism of the turbulent redshift, enhancing CR scattering by the self-generated MHD waves. As a result, the calculated size of the CR halo at lower energies is determined by the halo sheath, an energy-dependent region around the disk beyond which the CR escape becomes purely advective. At sufficiently high energies, the halo size is set by the characteristic thickness of the ionized gas distribution. The calculated Galactic spectrum of protons shows a remarkable agreement with observations, reproducing the position of the spectral break at

TeV and the spectral shape up to ∼10 TeV.
Pourquoi les praticiens disent-ils que « la théorie n’est pas utile à la pratique » ? une proposition pour adapter la pratique aux exigences du 21ème siècle
Authors: Fielding Alison J. 
Published: November 2020

Les liens entre théorie et pratique dans l’orientation professionnelle posent de nombreux problèmes aux praticiens, en ce qui concerne l’utilité perçue du discours théorique pour ceux qui ont la charge du public. Cet article vise à engager une réflexion critique sur les approches « traditionnelles » de l’orientation professionnelle, et à évoquer quelques-unes des évolutions actuelles qui infléchiront notre approche dans les années à venir : changements dans les profils d’emploi, et dans les conceptions de la vie professionnelle, utilisation des technologies de l’information, développement de l’apprentissage tout au long de la vie, et surtout multiculturalisme.On discutera du besoin actuel de modèles d’orientation qui intégreraient ces changements, et on évoquera les innovations en cours dans ce domaine. On abordera les façons possibles d’utiliser les modèles, et on suggèrera une approche éclectique et intégrée pour répondre à la diversité des besoins du public, en relation avec l’environnement de chaque individu. Ce modèle, fraîchement élaboré sur la base des recherches en cours, pourra figurer comme un outil puissant, et cependant souple, dans le répertoire du praticien de l’orientation professionnelle.
Tecnologia, medicina e società: un gioco di alleanze e di tensioni
Authors: Colombetti Elena 
Published: November 2020

All’interno dell’orizzonte delineato dal rapido progresso medico accompagnato dalla massiccia presenza della tecnologia nasce la necessità di ripensare la collocazione della medicina in relazione al più ampio contesto della società in cui essa è inserita. Esistono tensioni tra il bisogno di una copertura universale della medicina di base e il crescente costo delle prestazioni, tra i risultati teoricamente raggiungibili e la limitazione delle risorse, tra l’aspettativa individuale e l’impossibilità di sconfiggere definitivamente ogni malattia. Callahan, uno dei padri della bioetica nordamericana, pone l’accento sulla necessità di promuovere una medicina socialmente ed economicamente sostenibile e per far questo indica come categoria principale il concetto di limite.
Si tratta di ripensare le priorità della società nel suo complesso, tenendo presente che in un contesto di risorse limitate la maggior spesa nel settore medico va comunque a scapito degli investimenti in un altro, e che il divario tra le fasce ricche e quelle povere della popolazione (rinvenibile sia all’interno dei singoli Paesi che tra nord e sud del mondo) richiedono una concreta attenzione che si traduce anche in una maggior sforzo per ampliare la copertura di base più che ad ulteriori sforzi nella linea di costosi interventi specialistici per patologie acute. La proposta è quella di elaborare un diverso modello di progresso medico che valuti i passi non esclusivamente in termini di benefici individuali, ma anche di effetti sulla salute della popolazione, che riconosca in questo campo l’importanza delle condizioni sociali, economiche e culturali, che sappia anche accontentarsi dei livelli raggiunti nello sforzo di migliorare la salute di persone che hanno già la più alta aspettativa di vita mai raggiunta nella storia.
Tutto questo deve poi fare i conti con una duplice dimensione: da una parte non può dimenticare l’intreccio esistente con le strategie e la logica di mercato che si presenta come il naturale alleato del progresso tecnologico e della sempre più esigente domanda di prestazioni, ma che non può essere assunto come unica guida delle scelte di ambito pubblico, dall’altra deve tener presente che la visione liberale o comunitaria da cui si parte per la pianificazione dell’organizzazione sociale e politica porta ad esiti molto diversi.
In ultima analisi l’accettazione della finitezza, che la proposta di Callahan richiede, porta a strutturare una gerarchia di valori, ma questo comporta a sua volta una solida fondazione ontologica capace di sollevarsi al di sopra di una visione biologico-meccanicistica del problema in oggetto.
I cattolici e la società pluralista, le “leggi imperfette” e la responsabilità dei legislatori
Authors: Bertone Tarcisio 
Published: November 2020

L’autore argomenta la riflessione intorno al seguente quesito: in quale misura un cittadino cattolico può accettare di partecipare all’elaborazione di una legge che non corrisponde esattamente alle sue convinzioni?
Dopo avere passato in rassegna il dibattito attuale - che registra l’indubbio pluralismo della società odierna, in cui coesistono diverse correnti di pensiero che si fondano sui diritti dell’uomo e che si vedono costrette a patteggiare per elaborare le leggi e applicarle – vengono illustrate tre tipi di leggi ingiuste: 1. quelle che permettono la violazione di un diritto umano fondamentale; 2. quelle che stabiliscono una politica pubblica che violi un tale diritto; 3. quelle che istituzionalizzano degli atti intrinsecamente cattivi.
Esclusa moralmente ogni cooperazione formale a dette leggi, davanti a esse possono essere eticamente giustificabili, a seconda dei casi, tre atteggiamenti: l’opposizione, la tolleranza, la cooperazione materiale. Tali prese di posizione sono argomentate nel prosieguo del contributo con esempi concreti.
PARADIGMA ITALIJANSKOG DRUŠTVA U ROMANU "CRVENI KARANFIL" ELIJA VITTORINIJA / A PARADIGM OF THE ITALIAN SOCIETY IN "THE RED CARNATION" BY ELIO VITTORINI
Authors: Mejdanija Mirza 
Published: November 2020

Following 1925, Italy was facing a downright fascist dictatorship. The ruling politics imposed dictatorship starting with oaths of faithfulness to the regime, all the way to newspapers and school textbooks censorship. The first novel by Elio Vittorini, The Red Carnation, was confiscated by fascist censors, then revised and edited by a Florentine official. The edited and censored novel was published for the first time in 1948 by Mondadori publishing and the version published was not the original version the author himself no longer possessed. The novel tells a story of a local youth, Alessio Mainardi, and his initiation into adult life. He lives in a student dormitory together with other boys of his age. He falls in love with a classmate, Giovanna, and even manages to kiss her on one occasion. As a token of her affection, Giovanna presents him with a red carnation that he keeps and holds dear. He is constantly holding onto this illusion of love and confides in his best friend, Tarquinio. The story in the novel takes place by the end of spring 1924, the days which are in Italy known for the Matteotti affair. Alessio and his friends consider themselves fascist. They attend protests against the Matteotti commemoration organised by antifascists. It is in this novel that Vittorini is trying to resort to a mythical transfiguration owing to which the narrative reality becomes fairytale-like, distant from time and space, without losing anything from its actual heaviness of the balance achieved between myth and reality. By means of a stylistic quest, Vittorini is trying to transfer history into a literary dimension in an allusive and symbolic way. He understands that his duty, as an author, is to transfer historical reality into symbols while the historical events depicted in the novel are the rise of fascism in Italy and Matteottiʼs murder. By means of fairytale imagery, myth and symbol, the author is trying to portray the reality in Italy at the time.
Authors: Listiana Akma 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Preliminary: Early initiation of breastfeeding is one of effort to optimize exclusive breastfeeding. WHO and UNICEF have recommended early initiation of breastfeeding as a life saving action because with the successful of early breastfeeding initiation, 22% of the infant mortality rate of newborns on 0-28 days can be reduced. In January to July 2018 at BPM Syifa amaliyah, AMd.Keb, only 20% or as many as 4 out of 20 mothers who successfully initiated early breastfeeding on their babies. In July 2018, out of 4 mothers giving birth, only 1 mother who gave birth knew about early breastfeeding initiation and received support from her husband to do early breastfeeding initiation.
Methode :The research design of this study was correlational descriptive with cross sectional approach. The number of samples used was 30 mothers from the population. Sampling technique int this study was is accidental sampling using univariate and bivariate analysis.
Result: The results of the study obtained knowledge of mothers about early breastfeeding initiation at BPM. Syifa Amaliyah, AMd.Keb in August - December 2018, there were less than 18 people, namely 60% while the husband's support for early breastfeeding initiation at BPM. Syifa Amaliyah AMd.Keb in August-December 2018 revealed that there were 17 people, namely 56.7% that did not support for early breastfeeding initiation.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between knowledge of mother and support from husbands on the success of early initiation of breastfeeding. From these conclusions, the authors provide suggestions for the community, health care institutions, educational institutions and research sites to further increase the knowledge of mothers and support of husbands for early breastfeeding initiation.
Key Words : Support from her husband, Succesfully of early breastfeeding initiation, Knowledge of mother
Proposta de gestão do resíduo - filme radiológico, oriundo de consultórios odontológicos da rede municipal de Volta Redonda-RJ
Authors: Fontanezi Vitória , Callegario Pereira Ana Carolina , Cruz Nobre Samantha Grisol da 
Published: November 2020

De acordo com a Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT), NBR 10004/2004, referente à Classificação de Resíduos, os mesmos podem ser classificados em dois grandes grupos, os perigosos e não perigosos. Por definição resíduo sólido é todo sólido e semissólido oriundos de atividade industrial, doméstica, hospitalar, comercial, agrícola, de serviços e de varrição. As áreas de serviço de saúde como hospitais, clínicas odontológicas, ambulatórios e farmácias são frentes geradoras de grandes volumes dos mais variados tipos de resíduos. De acordo com esta realidade, se fez necessária também a criação das NBR - 12.807 a 12.810 – Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS). A gestão de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde visa o controle, o descarte e o tratamento adequado para cada classe de resíduos produzidos nesta área. O presente projeto se atém a gestão de resíduos da classe B do RSS, isto é, os que contém substâncias químicas capazes de apresentar risco à saúde humana ou ao meio ambiente. De acordo com o levantamento de principais elementos com potencial poluidor utilizados na odontologia, o chumbo (Pb) apresenta relevância, e dessa forma foi o elemento norteador da pesquisa. Para a realização do trabalho utilizou-se a metodologia de análise descritiva nos levantamentos bibliográficos relevantes e observação da rotina nas clínicas odontológicas do Município de Volta Redonda – RJ, geridas pela Prefeitura Municipal. Ao final do trabalho, foi diagnosticado o processo de gestão de resíduos de Pb nas clínicas odontológicas municipais propondo adequações no sistema, onde julgou-se necessário.
Papilomavírus Humano enquanto fator etiológico do Carcinoma Epidermoide Bucal
Authors: Carvalho Amanda Andressa de Souza , Diniz Graziele de Souza , Araújo Stéphany Souza de , Costa Lúbia Cerqueira , Guimarães Josemar Parreira 
Published: November 2020

O Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) dos tipos 16 e 18 possui elevada capacidade carcinogênica, estando associado a diversos tumores malignos. Pesquisas indicam que o número de indivíduos que contraem HPV está aumentando de forma alarmante nos últimos anos, o que faz essa infecção apresentar um potencial endêmico. A partir disso, este estudo aborda alguns aspectos moleculares, histopatológicos, qualitativos e clínicos que envolvem o carcinoma epidermóide bucal (CEB) e sua relação com o HPV, tendo como objetivo primário elucidar os fatores que a literatura pesquisada aponta para demonstrar a relação existente entre ambos. Já como objetivo secundário, aponta-se a necessidade de enfatizar a importância da atuação do Cirurgião-Dentista na detecção precoce de tais patologias e na disseminação do conhecimento sobre tal temática. Para tal, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura nas bases de dados SCIELO, LILACS (BVS), PUBMED/MEDLINE, REVODONTO e Portal CAPES, buscando estudos que foram publicados de 2014 a setembro de 2019.
An audit of transfusion reaction monitoring and reporting at a cancer hospital in Pakistan- a step towards hemovigilance
Authors: Muhammad Hasan  , Imran Ahmed Siddiqui  , Zahid Qamar  , Asad Hayat  , Admin  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To monitor the frequencies of different adverse transfusion reactions and to assess the compliance of clinical staff with the process of sending proper transfusion reaction workup within the specified time.
Methods: The retrospective audit was conducted at the blood bank of Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised all transfusion reaction forms received from July 1, 2017, to June 30, 2018. The forms were analysed for type of blood component, time in which it was received by thw blood bank, whether or not the form was completely filled, whether or not all required samples were provided, and the type of reaction.
Results: Of the 12,787 units dispensed and transfused, 50(0.39%) transfusion reactions were noted. Allergic was the most frequent type 24(48%). Red cells accounted for 38(76%) of the reactions. In 58(95%) cases, reaction forms were completely filled. Blood bags in 36(59%) and post-transfusion ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid samples in 35(57.3%) cases were received at blood bank within 2 hours of reaction.
Conclusion: Incidence of transfusion reactions was found to be low as there was good compliance with procedures on the part of the clinical staff.
Key Words: Transfusion reactions, Haemo-vigilance, Clinical audit.
Los factores sociolaborales y su influencia en el nivel de estrés del personal de enfermería del Hospital III Daniel Alcides Carrión Essalud de Tacna, período 2009.
Authors: Pacheco Alponte Guillermina Ethel 
Published: November 2020

El trabajo corresponde a una investigación básica, de naturaleza descriptiva correlacional debido a que está basado en especificar propiedades, características y determinar la relación de las variables de estudio: factores sociolaborales y nivel de estrés. La información se obtuvo con la aplicación del cuestionario aplicado por Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).La población de estudio está representada por el personal de enfermería del Hospital III Daniel Alcides Carrión de Tacna (ESSALUD).
El objetivo fue determinar la influencia de los factores sociolaborales en el estrés (agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y realización personal) presentado por el personal de enfermería del Hospital III Daniel Alcides Carrión ESSALUD de Tacna, período 2009.
Los resultados más importantes son: el personal de enfermería del Hospital III Daniel Alcides Camión ESSALUD de Tacna, que pertenece al estado civil soltero; al rango de edad de adulto joven y que no tienen hijos, tienen mayores niveles de estrés. Asimismo se comprobó que el personal que tiene el menor tiempo de servicio, y que tienen horario de oficina tienen mayores niveles de estrés; determinándose además que el personal que labora en los servicios críticos de Emergencia, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) y Centro Quirúrgico, tiene mayores niveles de estrés; y que el nivel de estrés según agotamiento emocional, despersonalización es alto, existiendo una baja realización personal en la población de estudio.
Maternidad subrogada
Authors: Montoya Vargas Ema Dolores 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Conocer sobre la sanción penal de la maternidad subrogada al constituir comercio humano, en la Región Tacna, año 2012.
Método: diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y de tipo básica. Entre las variables estudiadas están: la maternidad subrogada y la sanción penal; entre los indicadores se encuentran la conducta punible, la política criminal, la sanción correspondiente y la reparación civil. Se trabajó con una población conformada por el total de operadores de justicia en ejercicio, mujeres y Magistrados de la Corte Superior de Justicia de Tacna. La muestra fue calculada en 351, 381, 7, respectivamente. Para la recolección de datos, se elaboraron dos cuestionarios dirigidos a mujeres mayores de edad y a los operadores de justicia de Tacna de 11 ítems cada uno; y, una entrevista estructurada dirigida a los Magistrados de la Corte Superior de Justicia de Tacna de 7 preguntas en función a las variables con sus respectivos indicadores.
Resultados: Con la maternidad subrogada se dañan derechos fundamentales de las madres, pero mayormente del concebido, sería necesaria la tipificación y posterior sanción de la maternidad subrogada.
Conclusión: La maternidad subrogada constituye comercio humano, debiendo ser sancionado penalmente. Fundamentado en la dimensión axiológica y social que constituyen a su vez requisitos ineludibles de la creación normativa.
Las actitudes de los docentes hacia los problemas conductuales de los alumnos y su correlación con el clima social escolar en las secciones de 5º y 6º grado de las I.E.P. Lastenia Rejas, Wilma Sotillo y Hermógenes Arenas de Tacna, año 2011
Authors: Rodriguez Tanta Maritza Isabel 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la correlación de las actitudes de los docentes hacia los problemas conductuales de los estudiantes con el clima social escolar en las secciones de 5º y 6º grado de primaria de las I.E.P. Lastenia Rejas, Wilma Sotillo y Hermógenes Arenas.
Método: Se trata de una investigación Tipo Básica o Pura, con diseño de tipo descriptivo-correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por un total de 366 estudiantes y 14 docentes, a los cuales se les aplicó la encuesta de Actitudes hacia los problemas conductuales de los estudiantes, mientras que la encuesta sobre clima social escolar fue aplicada en los estudiantes.
Resultados: Se halló la existencia de un nivel significativo de correlación entre las actitudes hacia los problemas conductuales de los estudiantes y el clima social escolar. Una mayoría significativa (64%) de docentes de las tres Instituciones Educativas en promedio muestra actitudes favorables hacia los problemas de conducta de sus estudiantes.
Conclusiones: En términos generales se puede afirmar que la mayoría de los estudiantes del 5º y 6º grado de primaria de las tres instituciones educativas públicas estudiadas en la presente investigación presenta un clima social escolar positivo (57,3%).