bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full‐Color Reflective Filters in a Large Area with a Wide‐Band Tunable Absorber Deposited by One‐Step Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Bu Yu , Bu XiuMing , Lyu FuCong , Liu Guo , Wu Ge , Pan LuLu , Cheng LiZi , Ho Johnny C. , Lu Jian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFull‐color reflective filters for large area applications with potentially unprecedented color saturation and excellent mechanical properties deposited by one‐step magnetron sputtering are proposed. Conventional reflective color filters with multiple layers of dielectric films cannot simultaneously produce a large area and good mechanical properties due to the complex multiple depositions and the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients among the material layers. Herein, full‐spectrum colors are generated by novel Mg‐based reflective color filters in a large area of 2 cm × 2 cm with a high hardness of 9.12 GPa, where the filters include an absorber layer with controllable optical constants and a reflective layer with an amorphous structure. The saturation and hue of the produced colors can be controlled by tuning the optical constants and the thickness of the absorber layer. Additionally, the hardness of the Mg‐based reflective color filters is increased by the reflective metallic glass layers because they are derived from the same material as the absorber layer. This paradigm can pave the way for the efficient fabrication of large area color filtering devices for diverse applications, such as surface decorations, optical components, color display devices, structural color printing, and photovoltaic cells with optimum efficiency.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Z‐Alkenyl Disulfides from α‐Thiophosphorylated Ketones and Thiosulfonates
Authors: Musiejuk Mateusz , Doroszuk Justyna , Jędrzejewski Bartosz , Ortiz Nieto Gregory , Marin Navarro Marisol , Witt Dariusz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe developed a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of functionalized unsymmetrical Z‐alkenyl disulfides under mild conditions in moderate to good yields. The designed method is based on the reaction of α‐thiophosphorylated carbonyl compounds with thiotosylates in the presence of a base. The developed method allows the preparation of unsymmetrical Z‐alkenyl disulfides bearing additional hydroxy, carboxy, or ester functionalitiesmagnified image
Electrochemical Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Thiadiazoles through Intermolecular Dehydrogenative S‐N Coupling
Authors: Li Jiang‐Sheng , Xie Xin‐Yun , Yang Pan‐Pan , Jiang Si , Tao Li , Li Zhi‐Wei , Lu Cui‐Hong , Liu Wei‐Dong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn electrochemical intermolecular dehydrogenative coupling reaction of isothiocyanates with 2‐aminopyridines/amidines was developed. Using n‐Bu4NI as the catalyst and electrolyte, 1,2,4‐thiadiazoles and pyrido‐fused 1,2,4‐thiadiazoles were readily accessed with good to excellent efficiency under the undivided electrolysis conditions. This electrochemical approach obviates the use of external oxidants and transition‐metal catalysts.magnified image
Salinity‐Gradient Power Generation with Ionized Wood Membranes
Authors: Wu Qing‐Yun , Wang Chengwei , Wang Ruiliu , Chen Chaoji , Gao Jinlong , Dai Jiaqi , Liu Dapeng , Lin Zhiwei , Hu Liangbing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractReverse electrodialysis (RED) is known as an efficient way of converting the salinity gradient between river water and sea water into energy. However, the high cost and complex fabrication of the necessary ion exchange membranes greatly prohibit the development of the RED process. For the first time, an ionized wood membrane is demonstrated for this application, benefiting from the advantages of natural wood, which is abundant, low cost, sustainable, and easy to scale. The wood membrane maintains the aligned nanochannels of the cellulose nanofibers derived from the natural wood. The surface of the nanochannels can be functionalized to positively or negatively charged by in situ modifying the hydroxyl groups on the cellulose chains to quaternary ammonium or carboxyl groups, respectively. These charged aligned nanochannels serve as nanofluidic passages for selective ion transport with opposite polarity through the wood membrane, resulting in efficient charge separation and generating an electrochemical potential difference. The all‐wood RED device with 100 cells using a scalable stacking geometry generates an output voltage as high as 9.8 V at open circuit from a system of synthetic river water and sea water.
Boronization‐Induced Ultrathin 2D Nanosheets with Abundant Crystalline–Amorphous Phase Boundary Supported on Nickel Foam toward Efficient Water Splitting
Authors: Xu Hongbin , Fei Ben , Cai Guanghui , Ha Yuan , Liu Jing , Jia Huaxian , Zhang Jichao , Liu Miao , Wu Renbing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe conversion of crystalline metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) into metal compounds/carbon hybrid nanocomposites via pyrolysis provides a promising solution to design electrocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting. However, pyrolyzing MOFs generally involves a complex high‐temperature treatment, which can destroy the coordinated surroundings within MOFs, and as a result not taking their full advantage of their electrolysis properties. Herein, a simple and room‐temperature boronization strategy is developed to convert nickel zeolite imidazolate framework (Ni‐ZIF) nanorods into ultrathin Ni‐ZIF/NiB nanosheets with abundant crystalline–amorphous phase boundaries. The combined experiment, and theoretical calculation results disclose that the ultrathin thickness allows fast electron transfer and ensures increased exposure of surface coordinatively unsaturated active sites while the crystalline–amorphous interface elaborately changes the potential‐determining step to energetically favorable intermediates. As a result, Ni‐ZIF/NiB nanosheets supported on nickel foam (NF) require overpotentials of 67 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction and 234 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Remarkably, Ni‐ZIF/NiB@NF as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting enables an alkaline electrolyzer with 10 mA cm−2 at an ultralow cell voltage of 1.54 V. The present work may open a new avenue to the design of MOF‐derived composites for electrocatalysis.
Developmental origins of variability in pelvic dimensions: Evidence from nulliparous South Asian women in the United Kingdom
Authors: Shirley Meghan K. , Cole Tim J. , Arthurs Owen J. , Clark Chris A. , Wells Jonathan C.K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesPelvic growth may be sensitive to early‐life nutrition, with implications for maternal risk of obstructed labor. However, the “developmental origins” of adult pelvic variability require further investigation. We tested whether adult pelvic dimensions are associated with two components of height, indexing different periods of linear growth: tibia length, a proxy for early postnatal growth, and height‐residual (height regressed on tibia length), a proxy for later growth. We also tested whether adult pelvic dimensions are associated with birth weight, a marker of nutritional investment in utero.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, data were obtained on 68 nulliparous young women of South Asian ancestry. Pelvic dimensions (bi‐iliac and bi‐acetabular breadth, anteroposterior pelvic inlet and outlet, interspinous and intertuberous diameter) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Height and tibia length were measured manually. Birth weight and gestational age were obtained by recall. Multivariable regression models were fitted with a given pelvic dimension regressed on height‐residual, tibia, and birth weight, with the latter adjusted for gestational age.ResultsControlling for birth weight, height‐residual was predictive of bi‐acetabular breadth, bi‐iliac breadth, and the pelvic inlet, while tibia length significantly predicted all dimensions except interspinous diameter. Controlling for the linear growth variables, birth weight was predictive of bi‐iliac breadth only.ConclusionsMarkers of linear growth during both early and later development were associated with adult pelvic dimensions, whereas size at birth was poorly predictive. Efforts to reduce stunting in early life may facilitate the attainment of maximum potential growth for both height and the pelvis.
Photobodies: Light‐Activatable Single‐Domain Antibody Fragments
Authors: Jedlitzke Benedikt , Yilmaz Zahide , Dörner Wolfgang , Mootz Henning D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhotocaged antibody fragments, termed photobodies, have been developed that are impaired in their antigen‐binding capacity and can be activated by irradiation with UV light (365 nm). This rational design concept builds on the selective photocaging of a single tyrosine in a nanobody (a single‐domain antibody fragment). Tyrosine is a frequently occurring residue in central positions of the paratope region. o‐Nitrobenzyl‐protected tyrosine variants were incorporated into four nanobodies, including examples directed against EGFR and HER2, and photodeprotection restores the native sequence. An anti‐GFP photobody exhibited an at least 10 000‐fold impaired binding affinity before photodeprotection compared with the parent nanobody. A bispecific nanobody–photobody fusion protein was generated to trigger protein heterodimerization by light. Photoactivatable antibodies are expected to become versatile protein reagents and to enable novel approaches in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
In Situ Generation and Stabilization of Accessible Cu/Cu2O Heterojunctions inside Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient Catalysis
Authors: Chen Kai , Ling Jia‐Long , Wu Chuan‐De 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHeterostructural metal/metal oxides are the very promising substituents of noble‐metal catalysts; however, generation and further stabilization of accessible metal/metal oxide heterojunctions are very difficult. A strategy to encapsulate and stabilize Cu/Cu2O nanojunctions in porous organic frameworks in situ is developed by tuning the acrylate contents in copper‐based metal–organic frameworks (Cu‐MOFs) and the pyrolytic conditions. The acrylate groups play important roles on improving the polymerization degree of organic frameworks and generating and stabilizing highly dispersed and accessible Cu/Cu2O heteronanojunctions. As a result, pyrolysis of the MOF ZJU‐199, consisting of three acrylates per ligand, generates abundant heterostructural Cu/Cu2O discrete domains inside porous organic matrices at 350 °C, demonstrating excellent catalytic properties in liquid‐phase hydrogenation of furfural into furfuryl alcohol, which are much superior to the non‐noble metal‐based catalysts.
Macrophage‐Targeted Isoniazid–Selenium Nanoparticles Promote Antimicrobial Immunity and Synergize Bactericidal Destruction of Tuberculosis Bacilli
Authors: Pi Jiang , Shen Ling , Yang Enzhuo , Shen Hongbo , Huang Dan , Wang Richard , Hu Chunmiao , Jin Hua , Cai Huaihong , Cai Jiye , Zeng Gucheng , Chen Zheng W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPathogenesis hallmarks for tuberculosis (TB) are the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) escape from phagolysosomal destruction and limited drug delivery into infected cells. Several nanomaterials can be entrapped in lysosomes, but the development of functional nanomaterials to promote phagolysosomal Mtb clearance remains a big challenge. Here, we report on the bactericidal effects of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) against Mtb and further introduce a novel nanomaterial‐assisted anti‐TB strategy manipulating Ison@Man‐Se NPs for synergistic drug‐induced and phagolysosomal destruction of Mtb. Ison@Man‐Se NPs preferentially entered macrophages and accumulated in lysosomes releasing Isoniazid. Surprisingly, Ison@Man‐Se/Man‐Se NPs further promoted the fusion of Mtb into lysosomes for synergistic lysosomal and Isoniazid destruction of Mtb. Concurrently, Ison@Man‐Se/Man‐Se NPs also induced autophagy sequestration of Mtb, evolving into lysosome‐associated autophagosomal Mtb degradation linked to ROS‐mitochondrial and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. This novel nanomaterial‐assisted anti‐TB strategy manipulating antimicrobial immunity and Mtb clearance may potentially serve in more effective therapeutics against TB and drug‐resistant TB.
Chemical Proteomics and Phenotypic Profiling Identifies the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor as a Molecular Target of the Utrophin Modulator Ezutromid
Authors: Wilkinson Isabel V. L. , Perkins Kelly J. , Dugdale Hannah , Moir Lee , Vuorinen Aini , Chatzopoulou Maria , Squire Sarah E. , Monecke Sebastian , Lomow Alexander , Geese Marcus , Charles Philip D. , Burch Peter , Tinsley Jonathan M. , Wynne Graham M. , Davies Stephen G. , Wilson Francis X. , Rastinejad Fraydoon , Mohammed Shabaz , Davies Kay E. , Russell Angela J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal muscle‐wasting disease arising from mutations in the dystrophin gene. Upregulation of utrophin to compensate for the missing dystrophin offers a potential therapy independent of patient genotype. The first‐in‐class utrophin modulator ezutromid/SMT C1100 was developed from a phenotypic screen through to a Phase 2 clinical trial. Promising efficacy and evidence of target engagement was observed in DMD patients after 24 weeks of treatment, however trial endpoints were not met after 48 weeks. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanism of action of ezutromid which could explain the lack of sustained efficacy and help development of new generations of utrophin modulators. Using chemical proteomics and phenotypic profiling we show that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a target of ezutromid. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that ezutromid binds AhR with an apparent KD of 50 nm and behaves as an AhR antagonist. Furthermore, other reported AhR antagonists also upregulate utrophin, showing that this pathway, which is currently being explored in other clinical applications including oncology and rheumatoid arthritis, could also be exploited in future DMD therapies.
3D HydroMapper – digitale Inspektion von Bauwerken über und unter Wasser
Authors: Holste Karsten , Hesse Christian , Neumann Ingo , Bassen Sebastian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDie Alterung der Infrastruktur im Bereich der Wasserstraßen führt in Verbindung mit den in Norddeutschland häufig schwierigen Sichtverhältnissen unter Wasser zu massiven Aufwendungen der Betreiber bei der Inspektion, der Bewertung und der Instandsetzung der Verkehrswasserbauwerke. Das vom BMVI mit Forschungsmitteln geförderte und im Dezember 2018 gestartete Projekt 3D HydroMapper soll die Erfassung und Nutzung der 3‐D‐Scandaten von Bestandsbauwerken über und unter Wasser verbessern. Hierzu sollen neuartige Positionierungs‐ und Routingverfahren sowie eine aktive Objektausrichtung der Sensorik genutzt werden, um den Zustand von Bauwerken mit sehr hoher Präzision und Auflösung im Bereich weniger Zentimeter auch unter Wasser strukturiert zu erfassen. Erste Testergebnisse zeigen, dass mit dem 3D HydroMapper ein echter Innovationssprung möglich ist.
Comprehensive investigation of succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes: a promising native succinic acid producer
Authors: Yang Qiao , Wu Min , Dai Zhongxue , Xin Fengxue , Zhou Jie , Dong Weiliang , Ma Jiangfeng , Jiang Min , Zhang Wenming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe biological production of succinic acid has attracted a great deal of attention due to the depletion of fossil fuels and concerns regarding environmental issues. As a natural producer of succinic acid, Actinobacillus succinogenes is one of the most promising candidates owning to its high production capability, wide carbon utilization spectrum, and robustness to environmental factors. This review details current achievements attempting to improve the efficiency of succinic acid production, not only in terms of raw materials and metabolic engineering strategies but also in terms of process optimization, such as work on neutralizing agents, redox potential, and the supply of CO2. Strategies to reduce the accumulation of byproduct accumulation and to improve succinic acid synthesis are discussed. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative assessment of adverse events in clinical trials: Comparison of methods at an interim and the final analysis
Authors: Hollaender Norbert , Gonzalez‐Maffe Juan , Jehl Valentine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn clinical study reports (CSRs), adverse events (AEs) are commonly summarized using the incidence proportion (IP). IPs can be calculated for all types of AEs and are often interpreted as the probability that a treated patient experiences specific AEs. Exposure time can be taken into account with time‐to‐event methods. Using one minus Kaplan–Meier (1‐KM) is known to overestimate the AE probability in the presence of competing events (CEs). The use of a nonparametric estimator of the cumulative incidence function (CIF) has therefore been advocated as more appropriate. In this paper, we compare different methods to estimate the probability of one selected AE. In particular, we investigate whether the proposed methods provide a reasonable estimate of the AE probability at an interim analysis (IA). The characteristics of the methods in the presence of a CE are illustrated using data from a breast cancer study and we quantify the potential bias in a simulation study. At the final analysis performed for the CSR, 1‐KM systematically overestimates and in most cases IP slightly underestimates the given AE probability. CIF has the lowest bias in most simulation scenarios. All methods might lead to biased estimates at the IA except for AEs with early onset. The magnitude of the bias varies with the time‐to‐AE and/or CE occurrence, the selection of event‐specific hazards and the amount of censoring. In general, reporting AE probabilities for prespecified fixed time points is recommended.
The role of Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in mesenchymal stem cell‐based tissue repair and regeneration
Authors: Harrell Carl Randall , Markovic Bojana Simovic , Fellabaum Crissy , Arsenijevic Nebojsa , Djonov Valentin , Volarevic Vladislav 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra), a naturally occurring antagonist of IL‐1α/IL‐1β signaling pathways, has been attributed to the immunosuppressive effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs, in IL‐1Ra‐dependent manner, suppressed production of IL‐1β in dermal macrophages, induced their polarization in anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype, attenuated antigen‐presenting properties of dendritic cells (DCs), and promoted expansion of immunosuppressive T regulatory cells in the skin, which resulted in enhanced repair of the nonhealing wounds. Reduced activation of inflammasome and suppressed production of IL‐1β in macrophages were mainly responsible for beneficial effects of MSC‐derived IL‐1Ra in alleviation of acute lung injury, dry eye syndrome, and corneal injury. Through the production of IL‐1Ra, MSCs reduced migration of DCs to the draining lymph nodes and attenuated generation of inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells that resulted in alleviation of fulminant hepatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. MSCs, in IL‐1Ra‐dependent manner, reduced liver fibrosis by suppressing production of Type I collagen in hepatic stellate cells. IL‐1Ra was, at least partially, responsible for enhanced proliferation of hepatocytes and chondrocytes in MSC‐treated animals with partial hepatectomy and osteoarthritis. Despite of these beneficial effects, IL‐1Ra‐dependent inhibition of IL‐1α/IL‐1β‐signaling significantly increased risk of infections. Therefore, future experimental and clinical studies should delineate potential side effects of MSC‐derived IL‐1Ra before IL‐1Ra‐overexpressing MSCs could be used as a potentially new therapeutic agent for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
In vivo quantification and pharmacokinetic studies of cotinine in mice after smoke exposure by LC–MS/MS
Authors: El Mubarak Mohamed A. , Danika Charikleia , Cachon Charlyne , Korovila Charalambia , Atsopardi Korina , Panagopoulos Nikolaos , Margarity Marigoula , Poulas Konstantinos , Sivolapenko Gregory B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA sensitive analytical method was developed and validated for the quantification of cotinine in mouse plasma after exposure to smoke of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 commercially available cigarettes, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated over a linear concentration range of 0.075–20.0 ng/mL with the R2 value being higher than 0.99. Both the precision (coefficient of variation; %) and accuracy (relative error; %) were within acceptable criteria of <15%. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for cotinine was 0.075 ng/mL with sufficient specificity, accuracy, and precision. Following exposure to 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 cigarette smoke, it was observed that the AUC and the Cmax increased linearly as the doses increased. The pharmacokinetics of cotinine was found linear for the range of 0.5–1.5 commercial cigarette smoke. The quantification of the concentration of cotinine in mouse plasma after smoke exposure will facilitate future behavioral and toxicological experiments in animals and may prove useful in predicting cotinine levels in humans during smoking.
Mammalian cell cultivation using nutrients extracted from microalgae
Authors: Okamoto Yuta , Haraguchi Yuji , Sawamura Naoya , Asahi Toru , Shimizu Tatsuya 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMammalian cells have been used in various research fields. More recently, cultured cells have been used as the cell source of “cultured meat.” Cell cultivation requires media containing nutrients, of which glucose and amino acids are the essential ones. These nutrients are generally derived from grains or heterotrophic microorganisms, which also require various nutrients derived from grains. Grain culture, in turn, requires many chemical fertilizers and agrochemicals, which can cause greenhouse gas emission and environmental contamination. Furthermore, grain production is greatly influenced by environmental changes. In contrast, microalgae efficiently synthesize various nutrients using solar energy, water, and inorganic substances, which are widely used in the energy sector. In this study, we aimed to apply nutrients extracted from microalgae in the culture media for mammalian cell cultivation. Glucose was efficiently extracted from Chlorococcum littorale or Arthrospira platensis using sulfuric acid, whereas 18 of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids were efficiently extracted from Chlorella vulgaris using hydrochloric acid. We further investigated whether nutrients present in the algal extracts could be used in mammalian cell cultivation. Although almost all C2C12 mouse myoblasts died during cultivation in a glucose‐ and amino acid‐free medium, the cell death was rescued by adding algal extract(s) into the nutrient‐deficient media. This indicates that nutrients present in algal extracts can be used for mammalian cell cultivation. This study is the first step toward the establishment of a new cell culture system that can reduce environmental loads and remain unaffected by the impact of environmental changes.