bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Monetary Policy on Bank’s Profitability: A Study on Listed Commercial Banks in Bangladesh
Authors: Hoque Md. Ariful , Ahmad Afzal , Chowdhury Mustafa Manir , Shahidullah Mohammad 
Published: October 2020

Monetary policy is the policy by which the government of a country control supplies of money in an economy which is announced by the central bank for every six months. Central Bank carries out monetary policy by the banking system of a country. Central Bank uses Bank rate; Cash reserve ratio and open market operation to control the availability of funds in an economy. Within these three instruments, the cash reserve ratio is directly linked to the commercial bank's profitability. Every commercial bank maintains a cash reserve ratio against their demand & time deposits. Being changes in the cash reserve ratio banks profit level may increase or decrease. The prime intention here is to show the impact of monetary policy, especially Cash Reserve Ratio on the commercial bank's profitability. This study covers only listed commercial banks in Bangladesh. As sample researcher purposively selected 15 listed commercial banks that have available information. Results revealed that CRR negatively related to Return On Assets (-0.1133), Return On Equity (-0.0577) as well as Return On Investment (-0.0504). This means the bank's profitability declined due to the increase in cash reserve ratio (CRR). Again regression analysis outlined that the cash reserve ratio negatively impacts on the profitability of studied commercial banks in Bangladesh, which is statistically significant at the 10% level. Researchers proposed that Bangladeshi commercial banks will design their profitability plan by considering monetary policy tools, particularly the Cash reserve ratio.
Análise do índice de saturação por sódio em latossolo vermelho fertirrigado com efluente de laticínios
Authors: Teixeira Paulo Tárcyo de Resende , Souza Jose Antônio Rodriguez de , Moreira Débora Astoni , Oliveira Walisson Marques , Silva Éllen Lemes , Rezende Diego César Veloso , Ribeiro Wesley Anderson Siqueira 
Published: October 2020

Objetivou-se com este estudo, avaliar o impacto que o sódio presente nos efluentes de laticínios podem acarretar na variação do índice de saturação por sódio (ISNa) em latossolo vermelho fertirrigado. Para se obter essas informações, montou-se um experimento formado por cinco tratamentos com quatro repetições plantados com capim Panicum maximum. Os tratamentos foram formados de acordo com as concentrações de sódio, fornecendo: 75; 150; 300 e 600 kg ha-1 de Na+; e um tratamento testemunha com água de irrigação. Amostras de solo foram coletas nas profundidades de 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 e 90-100 cm para as análises. Os cátions trocáveis foram obtidos através de fotometria de chamas e absorção atômica, os valores de ISNa foram obtidos por meio de cálculos que envolveram esses cátions. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os solos analisados podem receber efluente de laticínios com concentrações até 600 kg ha-1 sem sofrer sanilização siginficativa.
Water quality and prospects for revitalization of an urban stream in Recife, Brazil
Authors: Cometti José Luís Said , Cabral Jaime Joaquim da Silva Pereira , Conceição Taylse Marielly da 
Published: October 2020

The urbanization of Recife characterized an occupation of the Capibaribe River banks and its tributaries. This caused the grounding, rectification and degradation of several streams. Thus, this paper presents a diagnosis of the Cavouco stream water quality and suggests measures for its restoration. The collections were performed between 2016 and 2017 in three sampling points. Analysis adopted the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater and calculated the Water Quality Index (WQI). A correlation test between the parameters was applied to understand the phenomenon. Actions to revitalize it followed the European Union Water Framework Directive. The WQI of the Cavouco stream had a good presentation in the small lake zone; it was poor in the Federal University (UFPE) region and awful in the Caxangá Avenue section. Dissolved Oxygen (OD) concentration was negatively correlated with Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), decreasing from upstream to downstream. Water quality degradation is associated with untreated sewage discharge along the stream. The proposal to its recovery is to collect and treat domestic sewage, remove irregular housing, restore the riparian forest, control erosion, create linear parks and search for governance mechanisms with public participation. The proposed interventions are fundamental for the restoration of Cavouco's ecological potential, with improved water quality and reduced anthropogenic pressures.
Investir les journaux à l’ère industrielle. Fatalité ou opportunisme ? L’exemple de Berlioz (1830-1838)
Authors: Ramaut Alban 
Published: October 2020

Cet article propose de revenir sur la place que Berlioz s’est donnée dans la critique musicale sous le régime de la monarchie de Juillet depuis le succès de laSymphonie fantastiquejusqu’au fiasco deBenvenuto Cellini(5 décembre 1830-10 septembre 1838). Comment, à l’aide de ses relations de milieu et d’opinion, il s’est introduit dans la presse et comment, par le réseau des journalistes romantiques, il a été engagé dans le combat esthétique du renouvellement artistique. Comment, par son dégoût de la médiocrité, il s’est créé des inimitiés redoutables, mais comment il s’est efforcé à ses dépens, entre le ton de la sincérité et celui des convenances, de rester libre au sein de l’engrenage des forces du pouvoir.
Effectiveness of Three-Dimensional Multiple-Object Tracking in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Harenberg Sebastian , St. Onge Jennifer , Robinson Jill , Eguakun Omorowa , Feinstein Anthony , Dorsch Kim , Kakar Rumit Singh , Abdulhakim Raghig , Rehman Zia , Shawush Melad , Pillay Vinesh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background:
Computerized cognitive training remains an attractive supplemental modality to enhance rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of the present study was to assess the usability of three-dimensional multiple-object tracking (3D-MOT) in patients with MS.

Methods:
In this pilot study, 16 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and nine age-matched controls participated in four 30-minute training sessions of 3D-MOT. Computerized neuropsychological tests, including driving readiness (ie, Useful Field of View) and cognitive function (ie, Stroop Color and Word Test, Paced Visual Serial Addition Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test) were conducted at baseline and at the conclusion of training.

Results:
Although scoring lower in 3D-MOT, the MS group improved their 3D-MOT scores in similar magnitude as the control group. The 3D-MOT training led to significant improvements in driving readiness in the MS group. Taken together, 3D-MOT training showed similar effectiveness in patients with MS as in age-matched controls.

Conclusions:
Training with 3D-MOT may be an accessible and remotely administrable supplement to cognitive rehabilitation protocols for patients with MS.
Hydrogel Micropost Arrays with Single Post Tunability to Study Cell Volume and Mechanotransduction
Authors: Devine Daniel , Vijayakumar Vishwaarth , Wong Sing Wan , Lenzini Stephen , Newman Peter , Shin Jae‐Won 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe extracellular matrix varies considerably in mechanical properties at the microscale. It remains unclear how cells respond to these properties, in part, due to lack of tools to create precisely defined microenvironments in a discrete manner. Here, freeform stereolithography is leveraged to control the placement and elastic modulus of individual hydrogel microposts that serve as discrete matrix signals to interface with cells. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) located in the interstitial spaces between microposts above a base layer are analyzed. Cell volume is higher when MSCs interact with more microposts. MSCs show higher strain energy when they interact simultaneously with 4‐kPa and 20‐kPa microposts than with mechanically homogeneous micropost arrays. MSCs are sensitive to pharmacological inhibition of Rho‐associated protein kinase in 4‐kPa arrays, but resistant when presented together with 20‐kPa arrays. Yes‐associated protein (YAP) activity increases with higher cell volume and elastic modulus of microposts. Surprisingly, YAP activity becomes less variable with higher cell volume and decreases with higher average force and strain energy per post when MSCs interact with both 4‐kPa and 20‐kPa microposts simultaneously. Together, these results describe a material system for systematically investigating how the placement and intrinsic properties of discrete matrix signals impact cell volume and mechanotransduction.
Autonomous Self‐Healing Elastomers with Unprecedented Adhesion Force
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Ghezawi Natasha , Li Bingrui , Ge Sirui , Zhao Sheng , Saito Tomonori , Hun Diana , Cao Peng‐Fei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSelf‐healable elastomers are extremely attractive due to their ability to prolong product lifetime. An additional function that could further expand their applications is strong adhesion force to clean and dusty surfaces. This study reports a series of autonomous self‐healable and highly adhesive elastomers (ASHA‐Elastomer) that are fabricated via a simple, efficient, and scalable process. The obtained elastomers exhibit outstanding mechanical properties with elongation at break up to 2102% and toughness (modulus of toughness) of 1.73 MJ m–3. The damaged ASHA‐Elastomer can autonomously self‐heal with full recovery of functionalities, and the healing process is not affected by the presence of water. The elastomers are found to possess an ultrahigh adhesion force up to 3488 N m−1, greatly outperforming previously reported self‐healing adhesive elastomers. Furthermore, the adhesion force of the ASHA‐Elastomer is negligibly affected by dust on the surface, in stark contrast with regular adhesive polymers that have adhesion strengths extremely sensitive to dust. The successful development of high‐toughness, autonomous self‐healable, and ultra‐adhesive elastomers will enable a wide range of applications with enhanced longevity and versatility, including their use in sealants, adhesives, and stretchable devices.
Tumor‐Targeting Glycol Chitosan Nanoparticles for Cancer Heterogeneity
Authors: Ryu Ju Hee , Yoon Hong Yeol , Sun In‐Cheol , Kwon Ick Chan , Kim Kwangmeyung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNanomedicine is extensively employed for cancer treatment owing to its unique advantages over conventional drugs and imaging agents. This increased attention to nanomedicine, however, has not fully translated into clinical utilization and patient benefits due to issues associated with reticuloendothelial system clearance, tumor heterogeneity, and complexity of the tumor microenvironment. To address these challenges, efforts are being made to modify the design of nanomedicines, including optimization of their physiochemical properties, active targeting, and response to stimuli, but these studies are often performed independently. Combining favorable nanomedicine designs from individual studies may improve therapeutic outcomes, but, this is difficult to achieve as the effects of different designs are interconnected and often conflicting. Glycol chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are shown to accumulate in tumors, suggesting that this type of nanoparticle may constitute a good basis for the additional modification of nanoparticles. Here, multifunctional glycol CNPs designed to overcome multiple obstacles to their use are described and key factors influencing in vivo targeted delivery, targeting strategies, and interesting stimulus‐responsive designs for improving cancer nanomedicine are discussed.
Thickness‐Dependent, Gate‐Tunable Rectification and Highly Sensitive Photovoltaic Behavior of Heterostructured GeSe/WS2 p–n Diode
Authors: Jaffery Syed Hassan Abbas , Kim Junghwan , Dastgeer Ghulam , Hussain Muhammad , Ali Asif , Hussain Sajjad , Eom Jonghwa , Hong Suklyun , Jung Jongwan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe p–n heterojunction fabricated by the vertical stacking of 2D materials is highly relevant to modern electronics and optoelectronic devices. This research reports a novel p‐GeSe/n‐WS2 heterostructured diode exhibiting prominent thickness‐dependent and gate‐tunable rectification behavior. The rectification ratio increases as the thickness of WS2 is increased. A rectification ratio of 104 is achieved by successfully sweeping the back‐gate voltage. The modulation in the rectification behavior is ascribed to the interlayer electron‐hole recombination. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further support the thickness‐dependent, gate‐modulated experimental results. The diode exhibits efficient photodetection with promising figures of merit. The photoresponse is investigated under the illuminations of λ equal to 365, 530, and 850 nm. The diode displays a high responsivity of 845 mA W−1 at 850 nm. In addition, the diode exhibits a detectivity of 3.28 × 108 Jones, normalized photocurrent to dark current ratio (NPDR) of 1 × 108 W−1, noise equivalent power (NEP) of 1.9 × 10−12 WHz−1/2, and a rise time of 10 ms. The p‐GeSe/n‐WS2 diode demonstrates excellent rectification and optoelectronic characteristics.
Price transmission with sparse market information: The case of United States chickpeas
Authors: Hatzenbuehler Patrick L. , Du Xiaoxue , Painter Kathleen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, supply‐related and price data for several chickpea importing regions and supply‐related data for export competitor countries were encompassed into price transmission models to determine whether such factors are helpful for explaining the United States chickpea price variation. Specifically, the models included satellite‐based normalized difference vegetation index, a measure of growing conditions, and area planted estimates for importing regions of the Indian subcontinent and the Mediterranean, and area planted estimates for exporting competitors, Australia and Canada. Results show that inclusion of supply‐related information improved goodness of fit statistics in all models relative to base models that only include prices, providing evidence that such information is important for explaining United States chickpea price changes. The models with the highest goodness of fit statistics were those that accounted for (1) deteriorating growing conditions in the Mediterranean region coinciding with declining area planted in Canada and (2) concurrently deteriorating growing conditions and declining area planted in the Indian subcontinent. [EconLit citations: Q11, Q17]
Solitary chemosensory cells are innervated by trigeminal nerve endings and autoregulated by cholinergic receptors
Authors: Deng Jie , Tan Li Hui , Kohanski Michael A. , Kennedy David W. , Bosso John V. , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N. , Shi Jianbo , Cohen Noam A. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundSolitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) in the murine nasal epithelium are discrete specialized cells that respond to irritants and activate trigeminal nerve fibers through the release of acetylcholine (ACh), resulting in local neurogenic inflammation. In addition to releasing ACh, SCCs are the exclusive epithelial source of interleukin (IL)‐25. In humans, SCCs are significantly expanded in sinonasal polyps (NPs). However, the SCC‐trigeminal synapse has yet to be demonstrated in human sinonasal epithelium.MethodsImmunofluorescence for trigeminal nerve fiber markers, nicotinic ACh receptors (nChR), and SCC markers was performed in vibratome sections from polyp and healthy turbinate tissue. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence of cultured epithelial cells were used to evaluate the expansion of SCCs. Last, intracellular calcium imaging was used to demonstrate cholinergic signaling in sinonasal epithelial cells.ResultsCalcitonin gene‒related peptide (CGRP) immunostaining was used to identify cholinergic nerve endings, which were only evident in sections from the inferior turbinate and intertwined with SCCs (α‐gustducin‒positive cells). CGRP‐positive nerve endings were not identified in sections from NPs. Human SCCs expressed nChR as well as the ACh synthetic enzyme choline acetyltransferase. Live cell calcium imaging demonstrated functionally active cholinergic signaling in discrete sinonasal epithelial cells, consistent with SCCs. Finally, SCC‐specific genes were dramatically upregulated with pretreatment with IL‐13 and nicotinic agonists.ConclusionSCCs are innervated by trigeminal nerve endings in healthy turbinate tissue but not in NPs. SCCs express ACh receptors as well as choline acetyltransferase and, in the setting of a type 2 inflammatory environment, denervated SCCs dramatically expand with nicotinic stimulation.
Exploring the Organometallic Route to Molecular Spin Qubits: The [CpTi(cot)] Case
Authors: de Camargo Luana C. , Briganti Matteo , Santana Francielli S. , Stinghen Danilo , Ribeiro Ronny R. , Nunes Giovana G. , Soares Jaísa F. , Salvadori Enrico , Chiesa Mario , Benci Stefano , Torre Renato , Sorace Lorenzo , Totti Federico , Sessoli Roberta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe coherence time of the 17‐electron, mixed sandwich complex [CpTi(cot)], (η8‐cyclooctatetraene)(η5‐cyclopentadienyl)titanium, reaches 34 μs at 4.5 K in a frozen deuterated toluene solution. This is a remarkable coherence time for a highly protonated molecule. The intramolecular distances between the Ti and H atoms provide a good compromise between instantaneous and spin diffusion sources of decoherence. Ab initio calculations at the molecular and crystal packing levels reveal that the characteristic low‐energy ring rotations of the sandwich framework do not yield a too detrimental spin‐lattice relaxation because of their small spin–phonon coupling. The volatility of [CpTi(cot)] and the accessibility of the semi‐occupied, non‐bonding d
orbital make this neutral compound an ideal candidate for single‐qubit addressing on surface and quantum sensing in combination with scanning probe microscopy.
CoNi Alloy Nanoparticles Embedded in Metal–Organic Framework‐Derived Carbon for the Highly Efficient Separation of Xenon and Krypton via a Charge‐Transfer Effect
Authors: Chen Fuqiang , Ding Jiaqi , Guo Kaiqing , Yang Liu , Zhang Zhiguo , Yang Qiwei , Yang Yiwen , Bao Zongbi , He Yi , Ren Qilong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeparation of Xe and Kr is one of the greatest challenges in the gas industries owing to their close molecular structure and similar properties. Energy‐effective adsorption‐based separation using chemically stable carbon adsorbents is a promising technology. We propose a strategy for Xe/Kr separation using MOF‐derived metallic carbon adsorbents. M‐Gallate (M=Ni, Co) were used as precursors to fabricate CoNi alloy nanoparticles embedded carbon adsorbents by one‐step auto‐reduction pyrolysis. The optimal NiCo@C‐700 exhibits record‐high IAST selectivity (24.1) and Henry's selectivity (20.1) of Xe/Kr among reported carbon adsorbents. DFT calculations, local density of states calculation, charge density difference, and Bader charge analysis reveal the great affinity with Xe benefits from the presence of Ni or CoNi nanoparticles as a result of more charge transfer from Xe than Kr to metal, thus providing higher binding energy. Breakthrough experiments further verify NiCo@C‐700 a promising candidate for Xe/Kr separation.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective 1,2‐Arylfluorination of Internal Enamides
Authors: Xi Yang , Wang Chenchen , Zhang Qian , Qu Jingping , Chen Yifeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe herein describe a palladium‐catalyzed three‐component coupling of internal enamides, arylboronic acids, and Selectfluor to access the chiral β‐fluoroaminated moiety with up to 99 % ee. The prefunctionalized oxazolidinone substituted alkene enables the expedient construction of two vicinal stereocenters with excellent regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivities. The synthetic application is exhibited by selective transformation of the product into various vicinal benzylic fluoride derivatives.
Mild C–C Bond Formation via Lewis Acid Catalyzed Oxetane Ring Opening with Soft Carbon Nucleophiles
Authors: Huang Hai , Zhang Tianyu , Sun Jianwei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMild oxetane opening by soft carbon nucleophiles has been developed for efficient C−C bond formation. In the presence of LiNTf2 or TBSNTf2 as catalyst, silyl ketene acetals were found to be effective nucleophiles to generate a wide range of highly oxygenated molecules, which are key substructure in natural products like polyketides. Furthermore, intramolecular oxetane opening by a styrene‐based carbon nucleophile via a Prins‐type process was also achieved with Sc(OTf)3 as catalyst, leading to efficient formation of the useful 2,3‐dihydrobenzo[b]oxepine skeleton.
Boranyl‐Functionalized [Ge9] Clusters: Providing the Idea of Intramolecular Ge/B Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Wallach Christoph , Geitner Felix S. , Karttunen Antti J. , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe unique three‐dimensional structure of spherical, homoatomic nine‐atom germanium clusters opens various possibilities for the spatial arrangement of functional groups. Ligands comprising lone pairs have recently been introduced in the cluster sphere, and we now report the addition of a boranyl group to the cluster featuring a Ge−B exo‐cluster bond. The reaction of the twofold‐silylated cluster [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2]2− (TMS=trimethylsilyl) with 2‐chloro‐1,3,2‐diazaborolidines DABR‐Cl leads to the first boranyl‐functionalized [Ge9] clusters [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2DABR]− (R=methyl (1 a), iso‐propyl (2 a), ortho‐tolyl (3 a)). The anions 2 a and 3 a were structurally characterized as [NHCDippCu]+ complexes (NHCDipp=1,3‐di(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolylidine) through single crystal X‐ray structure determination. Quantum‐chemical calculations manifest the frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) character of the boranyl‐functionalized cluster [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2BCy2]− (4 a).
Iron‐Catalyzed Regioselective Alkenylboration of Olefins
Authors: Yu Xiaolong , Zheng Hongling , Zhao Haonan , Lee Boon Chong , Koh Ming Joo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe first examples of an iron‐catalyzed three‐component synthesis of homoallylic boronates from regioselective union of bis(pinacolato)diboron, an alkenyl halide (bromide, chloride or fluoride), and an olefin are disclosed. Products that bear tertiary or quaternary carbon centers could be generated in up to 87 % yield as single regioisomers with complete retention of the olefin stereochemistry. With cyclopropylidene‐containing substrates, ring cleavage leading to trisubstituted E‐alkenylboronates were selectively obtained. Mechanistic studies revealed reaction attributes that are distinct from previously reported alkene carboboration pathways.