bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LncRNA MIR155HG contributes to smoke-related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by targeting miR-128-5p/BRD4 axis
Authors: Song Jie , Wang Qihu , Zong Liguo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common airway disease characterized by an exaggerated pulmonary inflammatory response. Long noncoding MIR155 host gene (lncRNA MIR155HG) has been identified to be related to the macrophage polarization in COPD. However, the detailed function of MIR155HG in cigarette smoke (CS)-mediated COPD remains largely unknown. The expression level of MIR155HG was elevated while miR-218-5p was decreased in lung tissues of smokers without or with COPD, especially in smokers with COPD, and cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-treated human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (HPMECs) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Then, functional experiments showed that MIR155HG deletion could reverse CSE exposure-induced apoptosis and inflammation in HPMECs. MiR-218-5p was confirmed to be a target of MIR155HG and rescue assay showed miR-218-5p inhibitor attenuated the inhibitory action of MIR155HG knockdown on CSE-induced HPMECs. Subsequently, miR-218-5p was found to target bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4) directly, and miR-218-5p overexpression overturned CSE-induced injury of HPMECs via regulating BRD4. Additionally, co-expression analysis indicated MIR155HG indirectly regulated BRD4 expression in HPMECs via miR-218-5p. Thus, we concluded that MIR155HG contributed to the apoptosis and inflammation of HPMECs in smoke-related COPD by regulating miR-128-5p/BRD4 axis, providing a novel insight on the pathogenesis of COPD and a therapeutic strategy on COPD treatments.
Hypoxia-induced small extracellular vesicle proteins regulate proinflammatory cytokines and systemic blood pressure in pregnant rats
Authors: Dutta Suchismita , Lai Andrew , Scholz-Romero Katherin , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A. , Yamauchi Yusuke , Mishra Jay S. , Rice Gregory E. , Hyett Jon , Kumar Sathish , Salomon Carlos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSmall extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released from the extravillous trophoblast (EVT) are known to regulate uterine spiral artery remodeling during early pregnancy. The bioactivity and release of these sEVs differ under differing oxygen tensions and in aberrant pregnancy conditions. Whether the placental cell-derived sEVs released from the hypoxic placenta contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia is not known. We hypothesize that, in response to low oxygen tension, the EVT packages a specific set of proteins in sEVs and that these released sEVs interact with endothelial cells to induce inflammation and increase maternal systemic blood pressure. Using a quantitative MS/MS approach, we identified 507 differentially abundant proteins within sEVs isolated from HTR-8/SVneo cells (a commonly used EVT model) cultured at 1% (hypoxia) compared with 8% (normoxia) oxygen. Among these differentially abundant proteins, 206 were up-regulated and 301 were down-regulated (P &lt; 0.05), and they were mainly implicated in inflammation-related pathways. In vitro incubation of hypoxic sEVs with endothelial cells, significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) the release of GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF, when compared with control (i.e. cells without sEVs) and normoxic sEVs. In vivo injection of hypoxic sEVs into pregnant rats significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) mean arterial pressure with increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. We propose that oxygen tension regulates the release and bioactivity of sEVs from EVT and that these sEVs regulate inflammation and maternal systemic blood pressure. This novel oxygen-responsive, sEVs signaling pathway, therefore, may contribute to the physiopathology of preeclampsia.
Compact wideband differential filtering power divider based on three‐line coupled structure with lumped elements
Authors: Dong Jiancheng , Shi Jin , Xu Kai 
Published: March 2020

A wideband differential filtering power divider using three‐line coupled structure with multiple lumped elements is proposed. The equal power division ratio, filtering response, isolation and common‐mode suppression are mainly derived from the symmetrical structure, three‐line coupled lines with capacitors, resistors and the short lines along the vertical symmetrical line, respectively. Compared to the reported differential filtering power dividers, the proposed design shows advantages of wide bandwidth, compact size and low insertion loss (IL). A prototype with the small size of 0.5λg × 0.08λg (λg is the guided wavelength at the centre frequency) was designed for demonstration, which exhibits the 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 79.2% and the minimum IL of 0.48 dB.
Segmentation techniques for early cancer detection in red blood cells with deep learning‐based classifier—a comparative approach
Authors: Shemona Jeya Sudharsan , Chellappan Agees Kumar 
Published: March 2020

Red Blood Corpuscles called Erythrocytes are the most important element in blood composition which is mainly responsible in all living cells. To detect the cancer cell various methods are employed. In this paper, proper identification of cancer cells from unaffected RBCs are detected. The proposed novel method called Online Region Based Segmentation (ORBS) method is done that is used to find the regions of corpuscles. By using properties, metric is formulated for determination of shape which is abnormal in blood cells. Overall accuracy of 96.9% is obtained using proposed ORBS method and deep learning classification (DLC) method has accuracy of 97.1% that helps to diagnose cancer cells using feature extraction process done automatically. Sensitivity, specificity and precision values of the proposed segmentation method is found to be 96.7%, 95.6% and 98.4% respectively. The computation time was found as 22 seconds. Closeness of Proposed method in relative to True Positive values at the ROC curve indicates the performance as higher. Comparative analysis is made with ResNet‐50 based on the different testing and training data at rate of 90%−10%, 80%−20% and 70%−30% respectively, which proves the robustness of proposed research work. Experimental results prove proposed system effectiveness compared with other detection methods.
A Simplified Ultrasonographic Score for the Prediction of Cytologically Suspicious Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Pagano Loredana , Bisceglia Alessandro , Riganti Fabrizio , Garberoglio Sara , Rossetto Ruth , Bonelli Nadia , Viberti Laura , Pacchioni Donatella , Papotti Mauro , Ghigo Ezio , Maccario Mauro , Garberoglio Roberto 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose The major aim of ultrasound (US)-based risk stratification systems is to reduce unnecessary thyroid biopsies without losing the ability to recognize nodules with clinically significant malignancy. Each of the classic suspicious features of a thyroid nodule detected on US scan (hypoechoic pattern, microcalcifications, irregular margin, taller than wide shape, irregular vascularization) is significantly independently associated with the probability of malignancy, but none of them has good diagnostic accuracy. Thus, we evaluated the predictive value of a binary score simply based on the combination of these US features, regardless of the specific predictive value of each US feature, against the outcome of suspected malignancy at cytological diagnosis (TIR3 to TIR5 categories by SIAPEC-IAP [TIR+]).
Materials and Methods 1009 thyroid nodules from 1081 patients were considered. The US features of suspicion of all nodules were categorized in 5 binary scores (U1 to U5), each including from 1 to 5 of those features.
Results U2 (at least 2 US suspicious features) was the most balanced predictor of TIR+ (PPV 0.48, NPV 0.93, LR+ 3.05 and LR– 0.24). Weighting the predictivity of the single features did not improve the estimate. Using U2 as the criterion to send nodules to FNAC would have reduced the number of biopsies by 60 % (604 patients) and the false negatives would have only accounted for 41 cases out of 237 TIR+ (17 %) with 39 cases of TIR3 and 2 cases of TIR4, including only 6 malignant nodules on histological examination. U2 performed much better than the ATA recommendations for detecting those nodules, resulting in TIR+ at cytology.
Conclusion This simple and reproducible sonographic score based on 2 US features of suspicion of malignancy has quite a good performance with respect to identifying thyroid lesions categorized by cytology as medium-high risk of malignancy and could allow us to reduce cytology costs for low-risk nodules.
Frage der „NS-Belastung“ und Mitgliedschaften in NS-Organisationen
Authors: Sparing Frank , Baumann Timo , Martin Michael , Fangerau Heiner 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDies ist der erste Teil der Studie „Beziehungen ausgewählter Neurophysiologen zum Nationalsozialismus“. Hier werden die nationalsozialistischen Organisationen vorgestellt, in denen Mediziner typischerweise Mitglieder waren. Dies soll den zweiten Teil vorbereiten, in welchem die wichtigen Neurophysiologen Hans Berger, Paul Hoffmann, Richard Jung und Alois E. Kornmüller näher vorgestellt werden.
Update Breast Cancer 2020 Part 1 – Early Breast Cancer: Consolidation of Knowledge About Known Therapies
Authors: Schneeweiss Andreas , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Müller Volkmar , Wöckel Achim , Lux Michael P. , Janni Wolfgang , Ettl Johannes , Belleville Erik , Huober Jens , Thill Marc , Fasching Peter A. , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Pöschke Patrik , Welslau Manfred , Overkamp Friedrich , Tesch Hans , Fehm Tanja N. , Lüftner Diana , Schütz Florian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis review is intended to present the latest developments in the prevention and treatment of early breast cancer. The risk of breast cancer can be increasingly better characterised with large epidemiological studies on genetic and non-genetic risk factors. Through new analyses, the evidence for high-penetrance genes as well as for low-penetrance genes was able to be improved. New data on denosumab and atezolizumab are available in the neoadjuvant situation as is a pooled appraisal of numerous studies on capecitabine in the curative situation. There is also an update to the overall survival data of pertuzumab in the adjuvant situation with a longer follow-up observation period. Finally, digital medicine is steadily finding its way into science. A recently conducted study on automated breast cancer detection using artificial intelligence establishes the basis for a future review in clinical studies.
A Comparative Study of Health Anxiety in Neurology and Psychiatry Settings
Authors: Prabha Lakshmi , Ganjekar Sundarnag , Gupta Vivek , Desai Geetha , Chaturvedi Santosh K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives Prevalence of health anxiety is highly varied based on different settings and samples studied. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of health anxiety among outpatients attending neurology and psychiatry outpatient setting in tertiary care hospital and understand the clinical correlates.

Participants and Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the outpatient settings including participants fulfilling study criteria. The assessments included semi-structured proforma for demographic and clinical details, general hypochondriasis subscale of Illness Behavior Questionnaire, and Short Health Anxiety Inventory. Data were collected in Epi-info and data analysis was done using STATA12.

Results The health anxiety was reported to be 25% and 19% among psychiatry and neurology outpatients, respectively. Higher education level positively correlated with health anxiety. Skilled workers tend to have higher health anxiety than semiskilled workers. Patients with diagnosis of somatoform disorder and multiple diagnosis scored higher on health anxiety in both the settings.

Conclusion Health anxiety appears to be common in psychiatry and neurology settings and needs further evaluation to understand its impact on consultation and health resource usages.
Potential for Increased Epilepsy Awareness: Impact of Health Education Program in Schools for Teachers and Children
Authors: Murthy Meena Kolar Sridara , Rajaram Prakashi , Mudiyanuru Kannappa Shetty , Palaniappan Marimuthu , Govindappa Lakshmana , Dasgupta Madhuporna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background Epilepsy, although a common disorder, yet is highly stigmatized. Under this condition, children with epilepsy are more vulnerable to stigmatization, social isolation, lack of support, and psychological and emotional problems. Thus, there is an immediate need of literature focusing on intervention studies to change the attitudes of school teachers and children.

Methods The study was conducted with the objectives to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) about epilepsy among school teachers and children; provide educational training program to teachers; and check the efficacy of training program imparted by teacher and trainer.

Results Repeated measure of analysis of variance shows that knowledge (F = 1,134.875, p < 0.001), attitude (F = 2,429.909, p < 0.001), and practice (F = 2,205.122, p < 0.001) are significantly different between pre- and posttests indicated by Pillai’s trace test. Similarly, from the Pillai’s test, knowledge (F = 49.317, p < 0.001), attitude (F = 125.304, p < 0.001), and practice (F = 178.697, p < 0.001) are significantly different among teachers, trainer imparting training to children, and teachers imparting training to children. It is seen that KAP scores significantly differ between two time points and across the three groups. Among all the groups, teachers imparting training to children had high level of practice.

Conclusion Inclusion of health education programs in the textbooks and health education schemes for teachers and school children are crucial ways to bring a change in their attitude, behavior, and practices toward epilepsy.
When Mount Fuji Can Erupt after Seven Days: A Case Report of Delayed Posttraumatic Tension Pneumocephalus with Literature Review
Authors: Rajan V. T. T. , Dharini G. Krrithvi , Anand V. S. Sathish , Nandish H. S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Tension pneumocephalus (TPC) is a neurosurgical emergency that occurs when there is an expansion of trapped intracranial gas causing raised intracranial pressure. Rarely, posttraumatic TPC can occur even after 72 hours although the initial scans are normal. There are less than 20 cases of delayed TPC in the reported literature. Here, we report a case of delayed TPC that occurred 7 days after the initial injury and presented as sudden neurological deterioration. It was promptly diagnosed with a computed tomography brain and appropriate surgical intervention was performed and the outcome was good. We also did a literature review of reported cases of delayed TPC and looked out for factors that may predict its occurrence. The occurrence of an episode of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, followed by worsening of headache and sensorium in a patient with anterior cranial fossa fracture should alert a neurosurgeon to the possibility of delayed TPC.
Role of Interventional Radiologist in the Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Bremer William , Ray Charles E. , Shah Ketan Y. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPulmonary embolism is a common cause of morbidity and mortality which continues to increase in overall incidence. Because it can occur with a wide range of clinical presentations, different guidelines have been developed for appropriate risk stratification of patients; interventional radiology plays a vital role in the management of both massive and submassive pulmonary embolism. Catheter-directed therapy, including mechanical and aspiration thrombectomy, standard catheter-directed thrombolysis, and ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis, has many benefits, including lower thrombolytic doses and intraclot administration of thrombolytic therapy. While the role of catheter-directed therapy is still being developed, four important prospective studies have demonstrated its safety and efficacy. Additional studies comparing short- and long-term clinical outcomes in patients treated with catheter-directed therapy versus anticoagulation are the next step in understanding its role within the management of submassive pulmonary embolism. Furthermore, multidisciplinary pulmonary embolism response teams, in which interventional radiology plays a crucial role, are becoming essential to appropriately managing pulmonary embolism patients, including selection of those who may benefit from catheter-directed therapy.
Review of CHESS Score in SAH Patients in Local Malaysian Population
Authors: Yee Sze-Voon , Ghani Abdul Rahman , Raffiq Azman 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background Chronic hydrocephalus caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage is a reversible and treatable condition. To date, existing clinical scores for predicting the development of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus are few and difficult to apply in the clinical settings. Chronic hydrocephalus ensuing subarachnoid hemorrhage score (CHESS) was first published in 2016. Although it showed promising results, no external validation has been done outside Europe. We designed this study to validate the accuracy and reliability of CHESS score and to also look for other factors that may cause posthemorrhagic shunt dependent hydrocephalus.

Objectives This study is to determine the reliability of CHESS score and to look for other parameters with predictive value in patients with shunt-dependent posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

Results Thirty-one percent of the studied population developed shunt-dependent hydrocephalus (n = 41). CHESS score showed an odds ratio (OR) of 2.184 with p-value < 0.001 and two other risk factors were found to be strongly related to develop shunt-dependent hydrocephalus, that is, early infarct in computed tomography (CT) brain (OR = 0.182; p-value = 0.004) and Fisher’s grade > 3 (OR = 1.986; p-value = 0.047). The sensitivity and specificity for CHESS score in this cohort population showed a sensitivity of 73.2% and specificity of 93.3%. The area under the curve for CHESS score in our cohort is 0.922.

Conclusion CHESS score is a reliable tool in early prediction of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus post subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Pulmonary Complications and Sepsis Following Severe Acute Subdural Hematoma in Patients Who Underwent Craniotomy versus Craniectomy: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Nasim , Greenberg Patricia , Shin Seung Hoon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of craniotomy (CO) and decompressive craniectomy (DC) for evacuation of acute subdural hematoma (SDH) on pulmonary complications and sepsis.
Methods Study data were obtained from the National Trauma Data Bank (2007–2010). Only patients who met all of the following criteria were included in this analysis: sustained blunt injuries, presented with severe traumatic brain injury, sustained an associated SDH, presented with an initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤ 8 and an Abbreviated Injury Scale score of head ≥ 3, and underwent a CO or DC within 4 hours of hospital arrival. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared between CO and DC, the two procedural groups. The data were first compared between the two unmatched groups; then propensity score matching and a matched pairs analysis were performed.
Results From the total population of 2,370 patients, 1,852 (78%) of them underwent CO, and the remaining 518 (22%) underwent DC. Some differences were found between the CO and DC groups regarding age (mean [standard deviation (SD)]: 47.9 years [22.8] versus 39.6 years [20.1]; p < 0.001), sex (male: 70.1% versus 74.7%; p = 0.05), race (white: 77.4% versus 73.4%; p = 0.06), the injury mechanism (fall: 50.7% versus 33.2%; p < 0.001), Injury Severity Score (mean [SD]: 28.0 [9.3] versus 30.5 [10.0]; p < 0.001), and GCS score (median [interquartile range] 3 [3–5] versus 3 [3–4])). After the propensity score matching, no significant differences were found between the groups on the variables just listed (all p > 0.05). No significant differences were seen between the CO and DC groups in the incidences of these conditions: acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (12.0% versus 8.1%; p = 0.20), pneumonia (34.9% versus 37.6%; p = 0.60), pulmonary embolism (PE) (3.5% versus 1.6%; p = 0.30), and systemic sepsis (6.2% versus 8.1%; p = 0.5).
Conclusion Although most of the patients underwent CO for acute SDH, no significant differences were observed in the incidence of ARDS, pneumonia, PE, or systemic sepsis when compared with patients who underwent DC.
Clinical Course, Imaging Characteristics, and Therapeutic Response in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Disease: A Case Series
Authors: James Joe , Jose James , Gafoor V. Abdul , Smita B. , Balaram Neetha , Ramachandran Aparna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disease is a novel central nervous system autoimmune disorder which forms part of aquaporin 4 (AQP-4) negative, neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorder. It has a distinct clinical profile, neuroimaging features and courses from AQP-4 positive NMO and multiple sclerosis. This article is a case series of six patients with MOG antibody disease with longitudinal follow-up for up to 8 months.
Readmission for Early Prosthetic Dislocation after Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Durand Wesley M. , Long William J. , Schwarzkopf Ran 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProsthetic dislocation in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the most common cause for readmission in the 90 days following surgery. This investigation sought to quantify risk factors for readmission for early prosthetic dislocation within 30 days after primary THA. This study used the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database for the years 2012 to 2017. The primary outcome was reoperation or readmission for prosthetic dislocation within 30 days after primary total hip replacement. Secondary outcomes included native NSQIP medical complications. A total of 159,234 patients were included. Of these, 0.25% (n = 399) experienced reoperation or readmission for prosthetic dislocation within 30 days postoperatively. A total of 217 dislocated hips (54.4%) returned to the operating room only once, and 27 hips (6.8%) returned to the operating room twice. The mean day of first reoperation/readmission for dislocation was 13.5 (standard deviation [SD]: 9.0). In multivariable logistic regression, the following factors were significantly associated with early reoperation/readmission for prosthetic dislocation: patient age 80+ years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.51 vs. 50–59), high creatinine (OR: 1.75 vs. normal range), smoking (OR: 1.53), history of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR: 1.73), general anesthesia (OR: 1.41 vs. spinal), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class 3–5 (OR: 1.66 vs. 1 or 2), fracture (OR: 2.17), chronic steroid use (OR: 1.54), and operative duration ≥ 2 hours (all p < 0.05). Early prosthetic dislocation was significantly associated with the further development of surgical site infection (OR: 2.25) (both p < 0.05). This study identified risk factors for early reoperation/readmission for prosthetic dislocation after THA. These findings have implications for preoperative planning, postoperative management, and dislocation precautions.