bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degradation of emerald green: scientific studies on multi-polychrome Vairocana Statue in Dazu Rock Carvings, Chongqing, China
Authors: Li Zhimin , Wang Lele , Chen Huili , Ma Qinglin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The spontaneous degradation of pigments in painting may occur depending on environment, especially the surrounding condition of high humidity and soluble salts. Even some of these are well studied, more investigations are still in need for heritage science. Paint cross sections from Vairocana Statue in Dazu Rock Carvings, one of World Cultural Heritage, Chongqing, China are studied by optical microscopy (OM), Raman spectroscopy (Raman) and mapping, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDS). Ultramarine blue, emerald green, synthetic atacamite, vermilion, red lead, gold foil, orpiment, cerussite, gypsum and barite are identified as pigments. Moreover, lavendulan (NaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl·5H2O) and mimetite (Pb5(AsO4)3Cl) are degradation products of emerald green (Cu(C2H3O2)2·3Cu(AsO2)2) and cerussite(PbCO3) originally used as green pigment with mixture. These secondary products are formed via multistep progresses as degradation of emerald green and cerussite, oxidation of arsenite ((AsO2)−), migration of arsenate ((AsO4)3−) and precipitation reaction of these ions with other necessary ions from environmental conditions. Based on the pigment and paint layer stratigraphy analysis, the paintings of the statue have been executed at least four times and the most recent may be after 1850s. The formation of lavendulan give rise to a highlight for identification of green copper-arsenic containing pigments and characterization of degradation in complex conditions.
Mapping aboveground biomass and its prediction uncertainty using LiDAR and field data, accounting for tree-level allometric and LiDAR model errors
Authors: Saarela Svetlana , Wästlund André , Holmström Emma , Mensah Alex Appiah , Holm Sören , Nilsson Mats , Fridman Jonas , Ståhl Göran 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing availability of remotely sensed data has recently challenged the traditional way of performing forest inventories, and induced an interest in model-based inference. Like traditional design-based inference, model-based inference allows for regional estimates of totals and means, but in addition for wall-to-wall mapping of forest characteristics. Recently Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-based maps of forest attributes have been developed in many countries and been well received by users due to their accurate spatial representation of forest resources. However, the correspondence between such mapping and model-based inference is seldom appreciated. In this study we applied hierarchical model-based inference to produce aboveground biomass maps as well as maps of the corresponding prediction uncertainties with the same spatial resolution. Further, an estimator of mean biomass at regional level, and its uncertainty, was developed to demonstrate how mapping and regional level assessment can be combined within the framework of model-based inference.ResultsThrough a new version of hierarchical model-based estimation, allowing models to be nonlinear, we accounted for uncertainties in both the individual tree-level biomass models and the models linking plot level biomass predictions with LiDAR metrics. In a 5005 km2large study area in south-central Sweden the predicted aboveground biomass at the level of 18 m ×18 m map units was found to range between 9 and 447 Mg ·ha−1. The corresponding root mean square errors ranged between 10 and 162 Mg ·ha−1. For the entire study region, the mean aboveground biomass was 55 Mg ·ha−1and the corresponding relative root mean square error 8%. At this level 75% of the mean square error was due to the uncertainty associated with tree-level models.ConclusionsThrough the proposed method it is possible to link mapping and estimation within the framework of model-based inference. Uncertainties in both tree-level biomass models and models linking plot level biomass with LiDAR data are accounted for, both for the uncertainty maps and the overall estimates. The development of hierarchical model-based inference to handle nonlinear models was an important prerequisite for the study.
Antithrombin III treatment for portal vein thrombosis after living donor liver transplantation: a case report
Authors: Hirata Yuta , Sanada Yukihiro , Omameuda Takahiko , Katano Takumi , Miyahara Go , Yamada Naoya , Okada Noriki , Onishi Yasuharu , Sakuma Yasunaru , Sata Naohiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere have been no reports on the effectiveness of the administration of antithrombin III (AT III) for post-transplant portal vein thrombosis (PVT). We herein report a case of post-transplant PVT that was resolved by AT III treatment after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).Case presentationThe patient was a 57-year-old man who had been diagnosed with decompensate liver cirrhosis by hepatitis C virus infection. He presented with repeated hepatic coma and refractory ascites. Computed tomography (CT) revealed PVT of Yerdel classification grade II before LDLT. He underwent ABO-identical LDLT using a right lobe graft. A liver function test revealed elevated liver enzyme levels on post-operative day (POD) 14. The CT examination on POD 15 revealed PVT in the left side of the main portal vein at the side of left gastric vein ligation. AT III treatment from POD 15 to POD 24 was performed. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the PVT had decreased 10% on POD 27. Furthermore, AT III treatment from POD 28 to POD 32 was performed. The CT examination demonstrated the disappearance of PVT on POD 69 and thereafter, he had no recurrence of PVT on 10 post-operative month (POM).ConclusionsThe present case suggests that the administration of AT III is safe and suitable for the treatment of post-transplant PVT.
Convergence of the deep BSDE method for coupled FBSDEs
Authors: Han Jiequn , Long Jihao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The recently proposed numerical algorithm, deep BSDE method, has shown remarkable performance in solving high-dimensional forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) and parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). This article lays a theoretical foundation for the deep BSDE method in the general case of coupled FBSDEs. In particular, a posteriori error estimation of the solution is provided and it is proved that the error converges to zero given the universal approximation capability of neural networks. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the analyzed algorithm in solving high-dimensional coupled FBSDEs.
EQ-5D: a plea for accurate nomenclature
Authors: Brooks Richard , Boye Kristina S. , Slaap Bernhard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBetween 1987 and 1990, the EuroQol Group developed a 5-dimension health-related quality of life instrument, originally known as ‘the EuroQol instrument’, which since 1995 has been called the ‘EQ-5D’. For several years, ‘the EuroQol instrument’ and ‘EQ-5D’ were both deployed in published materials. In order to standardise nomenclature, the EuroQol Group agreed in 2001 on a terminology glossary containing 12 items; this was recently revised and augmented to include 22 items and can be found on the Group’s website (www.euroqol.org). Since 2009, EQ-5D has been available in three versions: EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L, and EQ-5D-Y, where 3L stands for three levels, 5L for five levels, and Y for youth. Yet, almost 20 years after the original glossary was published, the instrument and its components continue to be inaccurately named in published materials. Two surveys – of arthritis applications, and 82 recent publications – found a variety of terms used to describe the instrument. Despite the instrument being named ‘EQ-5D’ for 25 years, and the terms ‘EQ-5D-3L’ and ‘EQ-5D-5L’ being established for a decade, variations of ‘the EuroQol instrument’ continue to be used as descriptors. The EuroQol Group’s website contains advice on how to use EQ-5D, including nomenclature, and potential users are urged to consult the site. Since standardising nomenclature is crucial in the compilation of systematic reviews, the EuroQol Group would like to emphasise that ‘EQ-5D’ is not an abbreviation and is the correct term to use when referring to the instrument in general. In the interests of accuracy and good practice, users of the EuroQol family of instruments should employ the standard EQ-5D nomenclature when reporting and discussing their findings.
Demise of the Jabłonna Reef (Zechstein Limestone) and the onset of gypsum deposition (Wuchiapingian, west Poland): carbonate-to-evaporite transition in a saline giant
Authors: Peryt Tadeusz Marek , Jasionowski Marek , Raczyński Paweł , Chłódek Krzysztof 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicrobial deposits commonly occur at the transition between carbonate and sulphate facies, and they also abound in the uppermost part of the middle Wuchiapingian Zechstein Limestone in west Poland. These deposits occur as isolated reefs of the basinal zone and in the condensed sequences in most parts of the study area. The deposits of the latter category reflect evaporative drawdown, and the abrupt boundary between the carbonate and sulphate deposits in the basin suggests the nature of evaporites that start to precipitate as soon as they reach the saturation level. A few-metre-thick unit of mostly brecciated microbial deposits at the top, reefal portion of the Zechstein Limestone records extreme palaeoenvironmental events that occurred at the transition from carbonate to sulphate deposition. These events are related first to subaerial exposure of the reef, which lasted several 105 years and then to the Lower Anhydrite transgression.
Utilization of waste wool fibers for fabrication of wool powders and keratin: a review
Authors: Zhang Chunhua , Xia Liangjun , Zhang Jiajing , Liu Xin , Xu Weilin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWool fiber contains approximately 95% keratinous proteins, which is one of the most abundant sources of structural protein. However, a large amount of wool waste is underutilized. Developing appropriate approaches to recycle wool waste and produce value-added products is vital for sustainable development and reducing environmental burden. Thus, this paper reviews the mechanical methods of fabricating wool powder, including pan milling, combined wet and air-jet milling, steam explosion, freeze milling, and three-stage milling. The influencing factors of shape and size, structure, and properties are highlighted to overview of the possible controlling methods. Then, this review summarizes various chemical methods for the extraction of wool keratin, underlining the dissolution efficiency and the structure of wool keratin. Furthermore, the application of reused wool particles in textile, biosorbent, and biomaterials are also reported. Finally, several perspectives in terms of future research on the fabrication and application of wool particles are highlighted.Graphical abstract
Machine Learning Applied to Registry Data: Development of a Patient-Specific Prediction Model for Blood Transfusion Requirements During Craniofacial Surgery Using the Pediatric Craniofacial Perioperative Registry Dataset
Authors: Jalali Ali , Lonsdale Hannah , Zamora Lillian V. , Ahumada Luis , Nguyen Anh Thy H. , Rehman Mohamed , Fackler James , Stricker Paul A. , Fernandez Allison M. ,   Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group
Published: July 2020

Background:
Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of ≥1 cranial sutures and often requires surgical intervention. Surgery may involve extensive osteotomies, which can lead to substantial blood loss. Currently, there are no consensus recommendations for guiding blood conservation or transfusion in this patient population. The aim of this study is to develop a machine-learning model to predict blood product transfusion requirements for individual pediatric patients undergoing craniofacial surgery.

METHODS:
Using data from 2143 patients in the Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery Perioperative Registry, we assessed 6 machine-learning classification and regression models based on random forest, adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), neural network, gradient boosting machine (GBM), support vector machine, and elastic net methods with inputs from 22 demographic and preoperative features. We developed classification models to predict an individual’s overall need for transfusion and regression models to predict the number of blood product units to be ordered preoperatively. The study is reported according to the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) checklist for prediction model development.

RESULTS:
The GBM performed best in both domains, with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87 ± 0.03 (95% confidence interval) and F-score of 0.91 ± 0.04 for classification, and a mean squared error of 1.15 ± 0.12, R-squared (R
2) of 0.73 ± 0.02, and root mean squared error of 1.05 ± 0.06 for regression. GBM feature ranking determined that the following variables held the most information for prediction: platelet count, weight, preoperative hematocrit, surgical volume per institution, age, and preoperative hemoglobin. We then produced a calculator to show the number of units of blood that should be ordered preoperatively for an individual patient.

CONCLUSIONS:
Anesthesiologists and surgeons can use this continually evolving predictive model to improve clinical care of patients presenting for craniosynostosis surgery.
The Effect of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen on Carbon Dioxide Accumulation in Apneic or Spontaneously Breathing Adults During Airway Surgery: A Randomized-Controlled Trial
Authors: Booth Anton W. G. , Vidhani Kim , Lee Phil K. , Coman Scott H. , Pelecanos Anita M. , Dimeski Goce , Sturgess David J. 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:
High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) is an emerging technology that has generated interest in tubeless anesthesia for airway surgery. HFNO has been shown to maintain oxygenation and CO2 clearance in spontaneously breathing patients and is an effective approach to apneic oxygenation. Although it has been suggested that HFNO can enhance CO2 clearance during apnea, this has not been established. The true extent of CO2 accumulation and resulting acidosis using HFNO during prolonged tubeless anesthesia remains undefined.

METHODS:
In a single-center trial, we randomly assigned 20 adults undergoing microlaryngoscopy to apnea or spontaneous ventilation (SV) using HFNO during 30 minutes of tubeless anesthesia. Serial arterial blood gas analysis was performed during preoxygenation and general anesthesia. The primary outcome was the partial pressure of CO2 (Paco
2) after 30 minutes of general anesthesia, with each group compared using a Student t test.

RESULTS:
Nineteen patients completed the study protocol (9 in the SV group and 10 in the apnea group). The mean (standard deviation [SD]) Paco
2 was 89.0 mm Hg (16.5 mm Hg) in the apnea group and 55.2 mm Hg (7.2 mm Hg) in the SV group (difference in means, 33.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 20.6–47.0) after 30 minutes of general anesthesia (P < .001). The average rate of Paco
2 rise during 30 minutes of general anesthesia was 1.8 mm Hg/min (SD = 0.5 mm Hg/min) in the apnea group and 0.8 mm Hg/min (SD = 0.3 mm Hg/min) in the SV group. The mean (SD) pH was 7.11 (0.04) in the apnea group and 7.29 (0.06) in the SV group (P < .001) at 30 minutes. Five (55%) of the apneic patients had a pH <7.10, of which the lowest measurement was 7.057. No significant difference in partial pressure of arterial O2 (Pao
2) was observed after 30 minutes of general anesthesia.

CONCLUSIONS:
CO2 accumulation during apnea was more than double that of SV after 30 minutes of tubeless anesthesia using HFNO. The use of robust measurement confirms that apnea with HFNO is limited by CO2 accumulation and the concomitant severe respiratory acidosis, in contrast to SV. This extends previous knowledge and has implications for the safe application of HFNO during prolonged procedures.
Remodeling the epigenome and (epi)cytoskeleton: a new paradigm for co-regulation by methylation
Authors: Walker Cheryl , Burggren Warren 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The epigenome determines heritable patterns of gene expression in the absence of changes in DNA sequence. The result is programming of different cellular-, tissue- and organ-specific phenotypes from a single organismic genome. Epigenetic marks that comprise the epigenome (e.g. methylation) are placed upon or removed from chromatin (histones and DNA) to direct the activity of effectors that regulate gene expression and chromatin structure. Recently, the cytoskeleton has been identified as a second target for the cell's epigenetic machinery. Several epigenetic ‘readers, writers and erasers’ that remodel chromatin have been discovered to also remodel the cytoskeleton, regulating structure and function of microtubules and actin filaments. This points to an emerging paradigm for dual-function remodelers with ‘chromatocytoskeletal’ activity that can integrate cytoplasmic and nuclear functions. For example, the SET domain-containing 2 methyltransferase (SETD2) has chromatocytoskeletal activity, methylating both histones and microtubules. The SETD2 methyl mark on chromatin is required for efficient DNA repair, and its microtubule methyl mark is required for proper chromosome segregation during mitosis. This unexpected convergence of SETD2 activity on histones and microtubules to maintain genomic stability suggests the intriguing possibility of an expanded role in the cell for chromatocytoskeletal proteins that read, write and erase methyl marks on the cytoskeleton as well as chromatin. Coordinated use of methyl marks to remodel both the epigenome and the (epi)cytoskeleton opens the possibility for integrated regulation (which we refer to as ‘epiregulation’) of other higher-level functions, such as muscle contraction or learning and memory, and could even have evolutionary implications.
Differential dynamics of early stages of platelet adhesion and spreading on collagen IV- and fibrinogen-coated surfaces
Authors: Horev Melanie B. , Zabary Yishaia , Zarka Revital , Sorrentino Simona , Medalia Ohad , Zaritsky Assaf , Geiger Benjamin 
Published: July 2020

Background:Upon wound formation, platelets adhere to the neighboring extracellular matrix and spread on it, a process which is critical for physiological wound healing. Multiple external factors, such as the molecular composition of the environment and its mechanical properties, play a key role in this process and direct its speed and outcome.Methods:We combined live cell imaging, quantitative interference reflection microscopy and cryo-electron tomography to characterize, at a single platelet level, the differential spatiotemporal dynamics of the adhesion process to fibrinogen- and collagen IV-functionalized surfaces.Results:Initially, platelets sense both substrates by transient rapid extensions of filopodia. On collagen IV, a short-term phase of filopodial extension is followed by lamellipodia-based spreading. This transition is preceded by the extension of a single or couple of microtubules into the platelet’s periphery and their apparent insertion into the core of the filopodia. On fibrinogen surfaces, the filopodia-to-lamellipodia transition was partial and microtubule extension was not observed leading to limited spreading, which could be restored by manganese or thrombin.Conclusions:Based on these results, we propose that interaction with collagen IV stimulate platelets to extend microtubules to peripheral filopodia, which in turn, enhances filopodial-to-lamellipodial transition and overall lamellipodia-based spreading. Fibrinogen, on the other hand, fails to induce these early microtubule extensions, leading to full lamellipodia spreading in only a fraction of the seeded platelets. We further suggest that activation of integrin αIIbβ3 is essential for filopodial-to-lamellipodial transition, based on the capacity of integrin activators to enhance lamellipodia spreading on fibrinogen.
Factors influencing the utilization of dental services in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hariyani Ninuk , Setyowati Dini , Sari Multia Ranum , Maharani Diah Ayu , Nair Rahul , Sengupta Kaushik 
Published: July 2020

Background: Despite high levels dental issues and insurance coverage in the East Java province Indonesia, the utilization of dental services is still low. This research aims to test some indicators for dental service utilization among East Java residents. Methods: A secondary analysis was undertaken using data on the East Java province from the Indonesian Basic Health Research 2013, which included 90,551 randomly selected respondents aged 5–100 years old. Socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, education and residential location), dental behavior (tooth brushing habit), and clinical (dental) condition were self-reported through a questionnaire. Multivariable models were generated to estimate prevalence ratios (PR), and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Prevalence of dental service utilization during the last 12 months in East Java province is only 9 %. Respondents 25–50 years old showed the highest utilization of dental services. Being male, having lower education and living in a district (as opposed to municipalities) were indicators for having lower utilization of dental treatment (PR [95% CI] = 0.81 [0.79–0.84], PR [95% CI] = 0.89 [0.86–0.93] and PR [95% CI] = 0.91 [0.88–0.95], respectively). Respondents with poor tooth brushing habit showed lower utilization of dental services. Having teeth was associated with higher utilization of dental treatment (PR [95% CI] = 1.39 [1.16–1.66). Conclusions: Age, sex, education and residential location influence the utilization of dental services among Indonesia’s East Java residents. Poor tooth brushing habits and being edentulous are also indicators of lesser utilization. These results call for urgent public health interventions to increase equitable dental care services utilization.
Post-traumatic stress in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review
Authors: Rajkumar Ravi Philip 
Published: July 2020

Background: Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), as well as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) itself, are common sequelae of disasters, including disease outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding their frequency and correlates is essential to developing preventive, therapeutic and supportive measures in a time of crisis. Methods: A scoping review of the literature pertaining to PTSS and PTSD in relation to COVID-19 was carried out with the primary objective of assessing the frequency of PTSS/PTSD and the factors associated with it, and the secondary objective of summarizing expert recommendations in this field. For this purpose, PubMed and Embase literature databases were searched using the terms “COVID-19”, “nCoV-2”, “post-traumatic stress disorder”, “PTSS”, “PTSD” and “traumatization” in various combinations. A total of 10 relevant publications were found, which were tabulated and organized into original research on PTSS/PTSD (n = 7) and expert opinions or reviews (n = 3). Results: The frequency of PTSS ranged from 7-34%, depending on study population and methodology. Gender, marital status, physical symptoms, and a prior psychiatric diagnosis were associated with the severity of PTSS. Expert opinions highlighted the prolonged nature of the impact of COVID-19, the need for long-term preventive and treatment strategies, and the need for innovation and collaboration in research and dissemination of information. Conclusions: The COVID-19 outbreak is likely to leave a large number of persons suffering from PTSD in its wake. The above results may help us to identify those at risk in order to deliver preventive or early therapeutic interventions.