bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter-firm inventor mobility and the role of co-inventor networks in producing high-impact innovation
Authors: Tóth Gergő , Lengyel Balázs 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInter-firm mobility of inventors is a major source of embodied knowledge transfer and receiving firms enjoy additional benefits from the collaboration networks of mobile inventors. However, there is still limited understanding on how the firm can maximize the impact of incoming inventors and what structure of co-inventor networks is the most beneficial for that. To answer this question, we construct a weighted and time-decayed co-inventor network from all IT-related patents in the harmonized OECD PATSTAT 1977–2010 database and analyze events of inter-firm inventor mobility. We look at the future impact of firm innovation and isolate the effect of mobile inventors’ network characteristics from the characteristics of the collaboration network in the receiving firm. Our results imply that high-impact innovations are produced if the firm hires broker inventors who have diverse networks and thus has the potential to channel a wide pool of knowledge into the firm. We find evidence that cohesive networks within the firm, measured by small world characteristics, exaggerate the effect of incoming brokers and high-impact inventors.
Präimplantationsdiagnostik für monogene Erkrankungen am PID-Zentrum Regensburg
Authors: Hehr Andreas , Paulmann Bernd , Gassner Claudia , Krauß-Dreher Susann , Seifert Bernd , Hehr Ute 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Wir berichten über die Erfahrungen unseres PID-Zentrums bei der Präimplantationsdiagnostik (PID) für 149 Familien mit hohem Risiko für eine monogene Erkrankung bei den Nachkommen und die Ergebnisse aus 316 PID-Zyklen. Seit 2001 wurden bei uns insgesamt 251 Diagnostikzyklen mittels Polkörperdiagnostik (PKD) durchgeführt. Nach der Zulassung unserer Gruppe als PID-Zentrum im Juni 2015 haben wir inzwischen für 45 Familien insgesamt 65 Trophektoderm-Diagnostikzyklen (TED) nach Trophektoderm (TE)-Biopsie durchgeführt (1,4/Familie). Unsere vorläufigen Daten bestätigen eine hohe Diagnoseeffizienz beider Verfahren mit Verdopplung der klinischen Schwangerschaftsrate pro Transfer nach TED auf 48,2 % verglichen mit 22,9 % nach PKD. Bei einer durchschnittlichen Rate von 4,3 verfügbaren Blastozysten pro TED-Zyklus ist die Rate von Zyklen ohne transferierbare Embryonen mit 27,7 % (für 6/45 Familien = 13,3 %) erwartungsgemäß höher als bei der PKD (14,7 %) für durchschnittlich 8 Eizellen pro Zyklus mit erfolgreicher Biopsie beider Polkörper. Schon mit dem ersten Transfer konnte jedoch nach TED für 55,3 % der Paare eine klinische Schwangerschaft erreicht werden. Insgesamt ermöglichte die TED kumulativ nach durchschnittlich 1,4 Transferen eine klinische Schwangerschaft für 68,5 % der Familien mit Transfer und insgesamt eine schonendere Behandlung mit weniger TED-Zyklen (PKD: kumulativ 40,3 % nach 2,3 Transferen), weniger Hormonstimulationen und entsprechend auch geringeren Kosten. Insbesondere die Subgruppe der weiblichen Überträgerinnen von Repeaterkrankungen mit insgesamt niedrigeren Erfolgschancen scheint nach unseren vorläufigen Daten von der TED zu profitieren.
Personwürde in der pränatalen Ethik
Authors: Schallenberg Peter 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund des Beitrags sind die bioethischen Debatten der letzten Jahre, in denen Fragen von Art und Umfang des vorgeburtlichen Schutzes menschlicher Würde kontrovers diskutiert wurden. Ziel des Beitrags ist die Konturierung des spezifisch theologisch-ethischen Verständnisses von Menschenwürde und ihrer grundgesetzlich festgeschriebenen Unantastbarkeit im Rahmen einer katholischen Bioethik vor dem Hintergrund utilitaristischer Ansätze der Begründung und Relativierung vorgeburtlicher Personwürde und ihrer Konsequenzen für die pränatale Medizin und Diagnostik. Methodisch geschieht die Herleitung des theologischen Menschenwürdeverständnisses durch eine kritisch-hermeneutische Auseinandersetzung mit philosophischen Menschenwürdevorstellungen von der Antike bis zur Zeit der Aufklärung. Ergebnis: Die unantastbare Menschenwürde gemäß Grundgesetz findet in einem christlichen Menschenbild Ausdruck, das in seiner metaphysischen Dimension weit über eine rein empirisch wahrnehmbare, innerweltliche Begründung durch Natur- und Gemeinschaftsgebundenheit des Menschen, wie sie in den Begründungsansätzen antiker und neuzeitlicher Philosophie zu finden ist, hinausreicht. Das hat Konsequenzen für den Schutz der Würde auch des Embryos im Rahmen einer pränatalen Ethik mithin auf Basis des „benefit-of-the doubt“-Arguments.
Expression of the Tau Protein and Amyloid Protein Precursor Processing Genes in the CA3 Area of the Hippocampus in the Ischemic Model of Alzheimer’s Disease in the Rat
Authors: Pluta Ryszard , Ułamek-Kozioł Marzena , Kocki Janusz , Bogucki Jacek , Januszewski Sławomir , Bogucka-Kocka Anna , Czuczwar Stanisław J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms underlying the selective susceptibility to ischemia of the CA3 region is very important to explain the neuropathology of memory loss after brain ischemia. We used a rat model to study changes in gene expression of the amyloid protein precursor and its cleaving enzymes and tau protein in the hippocampal CA3 sector, after transient 10-min global brain ischemia with survival times of 2, 7, and 30 days. The expression of the α-secretase gene was below control values at all times studied. But, the expression of the β-secretase gene was below the control values at 2–7 days after ischemia and the maximal increase in its expression was observed on day 30. Expression of the presenilin 1 gene was significantly elevated above the control values at 2–7 days after ischemia and decreased below the control values at day 30. Expression of the presenilin 2 gene showed an opposite trend to the expression of presenilin 1. Expression of the amyloid protein precursor gene after ischemia was at all times above the control values with a huge significant overexpression on day 7. Additionally, the expression of the tau protein gene was below the control values 2 days after ischemia, but the significant increase in its expression was observed on days 7–30. Data show that brain ischemia activates neuronal changes and death in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in a manner dependent on amyloid and tau protein, thus determining a new and important way to regulate the survival and/or death of ischemic neurons.
Layered THz waveguides for SPPs, filter and sensor applications
Authors: Liu Jiamin , Khan Zia Ullah , Sarjoghian Siamak 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Theory of five kinds of layered structure THz waveguides is presented. In these waveguides, the modified and hybrid THz surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) are researched in detail. On these modes, the effects of material in each layer are discussed. The anti-resonant reflecting mechanism is also discussed in these waveguides. The mode characteristics of both TM mode and TE mode are analyzed for guiding TM mode with low loss and TE modes with huge loss in one waveguide: the TE modes filter application is put forward. The mode characteristics for one waveguide have useful sensor applications: for TE1 mode, we find that the low cut-off frequency has a sensitivity (S) to the refractive index of the dielectric slab. The highest S can be 666.7 GHz/RIU when n2 = 1.5, w = 0 and t = 0.1 mm. We believe these results are very useful for designing practical THz devices for SPPs, filter and sensor applications.
WIPER: Weighted in‐Path Edge Ranking for biomolecular association networks
Authors: Yue Zongliang , Nguyen Thanh , Zhang Eric , Zhang Jianyi , Chen Jake Y. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundIn network biology researchers generate biomolecular networks with candidate genes or proteins experimentally‐derived from high‐throughput data and known biomolecular associations. Current bioinformatics research focuses on characterizing candidate genes/proteins, or nodes, with network characteristics, e.g., betweenness centrality. However, there have been few research reports to characterize and prioritize biomolecular associations (“edges”), which can represent gene regulatory events essential to biological processes.MethodWe developed Weighted In‐Path Edge Ranking (WIPER), a new computational algorithm which can help evaluate all biomolecular interactions/associations (“edges”) in a network model and generate a rank order of every edge based on their in‐path traversal scores and statistical significance test result. To validate whether WIPER worked as we designed, we tested the algorithm on synthetic network models.ResultsOur results showed WIPER can reliably discover both critical “well traversed in‐path edges”, which are statistically more traversed than normal edges, and “peripheral in‐path edges”, which are less traversed than normal edges. Compared with other simple measures such as betweenness centrality, WIPER provides better biological interpretations. In the case study of analyzing postanal pig hearts gene expression, WIPER highlighted new signaling pathways suggestive of cardiomyocyte regeneration and proliferation. In the case study of Alzheimer’s disease genetic disorder association, WIPER reports SRC:APP, AR:APP, APP:FYN, and APP:NES edges (gene‐gene associations) both statistically and biologically important from PubMed co‐citation.ConclusionWe believe that WIPER will become an essential software tool to help biologists discover and validate essential signaling/regulatory events from high‐throughput biology data in the context of biological networks.AvailabilityThe free WIPER API is described at discovery.informatics.uab.edu/wiper/
Surrounding rock deformation and stress evolution in pre-driven longwall recovery rooms at the end of mining stage
Authors: Wang Bonan , Dang Faning , Chao Wei , Miao Yanping , Li Jun , Chen Fei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Two case studies were conducted in the Shennan mining area of Shaanxi Province, China to evaluate the surrounding rock deformation and stress evolution in pre-driven longwall recovery rooms. These studies mainly monitored the surrounding rock deformation and coal pillar stress in the recovery rooms of the N1206 panel of 2−2 coal seam at Ningtiaota Coal Mine and the 15205 panel of 5−2 coal seam at Hongliulin Coal Mine. The monitoring results showed that the surrounding rock deformation of the main recovery room and the coal pillar stress in the N1206 and 15205 panels began to increase significantly when the face was 36 m and 42 m away from the terminal line, respectively. After the face entered the main recovery room, the maximum roof-to-floor convergence in the N1206 and 15205 panels was 348.03 mm and 771.24 mm, respectively, and the coal pillar stresses increased more than 5 MPa and 7 MPa, respectively. In addition, analysis of the periodic weighting data showed that the main roof break position of the N1206 and 15205 panels after the longwall face entered the main recovery room was − 3.8 m and − 8.2 m, respectively. This research shows that when the main roof breaks above the coal pillar, the surrounding rock deformation of the main recovery room and the coal pillar stress increase sharply. The last weighting is the key factor affecting the stability of the main recovery room and the coal pillar; main roof breaks at disadvantageous positions are the main cause of the support crushing accidents.
Study on the relation between damage and permeability of sandstone at depth under cyclic loading
Authors: Zhao Yang , Zhou Hongwei , Zhong Jiangcheng , Liu Di 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The damage and permeability evolution of rock under stress is of great significance to engineering safety. In this paper, the evolution law of rock damage and permeability is studied by means of acoustic emission (AE) seepage experiment on deep roof sandstone with cyclic loading. Characterization of damage uses the changes in acoustic emission fractal characteristics and compression parameter which based on elastic modulus. The experimental results show that the AE events has fractal characteristic, in which the AE b-value and correlation dimension can represent the damage of rock. When the fractal characteristic value of AE increases, it indicates that the rock is in the compaction stage and the damage is not obvious. When the fractal characteristic value of AE drops, it indicates that the rock was damaged, and the permeability increase. Under the cyclic load increasing step by step, the elastic modulus first increases and then decrease. Introducing compression parameter C to characterize the state of compaction and damage, it is obtained that the rock damage state and hydrostatic permeability show a power law function relationship with porosity and have the same monotonicity. When compression parameter is less than zero, the evolution law of permeability and damage can be described by functional relationship between hydrostatic permeability K and compression parameter C.
Presentation of a suitable approach for green programming of urban ways through integrative method CA-Markov: case study—Azadi Street of Tehran, Iran
Authors: Allahyari Hadis , Salehi Esmaeel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Greenways are networks of some connected linear elements that are designed and programmed for a variety of recreational, cultural, aesthetic, and some other purposes. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to check out the land cover changes around the Azadi Street in past and to predict its future changes. This is done in order for checking the connections of the green spaces around the street, connecting Azadi Street and its surroundings, providing solution for future planning and management, and applying greenway principles. For this purpose, using remote sensing techniques, we extracted land cover maps from satellite pictures of years 1986, 2000, and 2016. We used CA-Markov integrated model to predict future changes—in year 2032. The results demonstrate a decrease of 474 ha of the green spots’ area while there is an increase of 658 ha of the built lands during 1986–2016. If the security and management plans on the street area are not going to be changed, this area will transform to a machine-centered space and the limited level of the existing walking-oriented area will disappear soon. The results of this research are effective in reviewing the management approaches of the region so that by providing effective solutions, they can lead the policy makers and planners to follow some of the principles of greenways.
Healthy and Sustainable Diets and Food Systems: the Key to Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2?
Authors: Fanzo Jessica 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are considered a unifying global goal setting agenda that every country is meant to achieve. One of those goals, SDG2, promises to ensure food security and nutrition within sustainable food systems. However, achieving that goal is riddled with uncertainty because of the way in which the world currently produces and consumes foods. The global trends of diets and the food systems that produce those diets suggest that they are neither healthy nor sustainable, which has implications for achieving SDG2. This paper characterizes the current state of global diets and food systems, the concept of “healthy and sustainable diets,” and the ethical considerations to achieving healthy and sustainable diets for sustainable development.
Radiomics in prostate cancer: basic concepts and current state-of-the-art
Authors: Yao Shan , Jiang Hanyu , Song Bin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common type of cancer among males and the fifth major contributor to cancer-related mortality and morbidity worldwide. Radiomics, as a superior method of mining big data in medical imaging, has enormous potential to assess PCa from diagnosis to prognosis to treatment response, empowering clinical medical strategies accurately, reliably, and effectively. Hence, this article reviews the basic concepts of radiomics and its current state-of-the-art in PCa as well as put forwards the prospects of future directions.
Changes in human gut microbiota composition are linked to the energy metabolic switch during 10 d of Buchinger fasting
Authors: Mesnage Robin , Grundler Franziska , Schwiertz Andreas , Le Maho Yvon , Wilhelmi de Toledo Françoise 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFasting is increasingly popular to manage metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Despite the role that the human gut microbiota plays in health and diseases, little is known about its composition and functional capacity during prolonged fasting when the external nutrient supply is reduced or suppressed. We analysed the effects of a 10-d periodic fasting on the faecal microbiota of fifteen healthy men. Participants fasted according to the peer-reviewed Buchinger fasting guidelines, which involve a daily energy intake of about 1046 kJ (250 kcal) and an enema every 2 d. Serum biochemistry confirmed the metabolic switch from carbohydrates to fatty acids and ketones. Emotional and physical well-being were enhanced. Faecal 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that fasting caused a decrease in the abundance of bacteria known to degrade dietary polysaccharides such as Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. There was a concomitant increase in Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria (Escherichia coliandBilophila wadsworthia), known to use host-derived energy substrates. Changes in taxa abundance were associated with serum glucose and faecal branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), suggesting that fasting-induced changes in the gut microbiota are associated with host energy metabolism. These effects were reversed after 3 months. SCFA levels were unchanged at the end of the fasting. We also monitored intestinal permeability and inflammatory status. IL-6, IL-10, interferon γ and TNFα levels increased when food was reintroduced, suggesting a reactivation of the postprandial immune response. We suggest that changes in the gut microbiota are part of the physiological adaptations to a 10-d periodic fasting, potentially influencing its beneficial health effects.
A novel tilt sensor for studying ice deformation: application to streaming ice on Jarvis Glacier, Alaska
Authors: Lee Ian R. , Hawley Robert L. , Bernsen Steven , Campbell Seth W. , Clemens-Sewall David , Gerbi Christopher C. , Hruby Kate 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe developed a tilt sensor for studying ice deformation and installed our tilt sensor systems in two boreholes drilled close to the shear margin of Jarvis Glacier, Alaska to obtain kinematic measurements of streaming ice. We used the collected tilt data to calculate borehole deformation by tracking the orientation of the sensors over time. The sensors' tilts generally trended down-glacier, with an element of cross-glacier flow in the borehole closer to the shear margin. We also evaluated our results against flow dynamic parameters derived from Glen's exponential flow law and explored the parameter space of the stress exponentnand enhancement factorE. Comparison with values from ice deformation experiments shows that the ice on Jarvis is characterized by highernvalues than that is expected in regions of low stress, particularly at the shear margin (~3.4). The highernvalues could be attributed to the observed high total strains coupled with potential dynamic recrystallization, causing anisotropic development and consequently sped up ice flow. Jarvis'nvalues place the creep regime of the ice between basal slip and dislocation creep. TuningEtowards a theoretical upper limit of 10 for anisotropic ice with single-maximum fabric reduces thenvalues by 0.2.
Early Silurian recovery of Baltica crinoids following the end-Ordovician extinctions (Llandovery, Estonia)
Authors: Ausich William I. , Wilson Mark A. , Toom Ursula 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThree new Llandovery (early Silurian) crinoids from Estonia provide an improved understanding of the paleogeographic aspects of the crinoid diversification following the end-Ordovician extinctions. The new taxa areEuspirocrinus hintsaenew species (Rhuddanian eucladid),Oepikicrinus perensaenew genus new species (Aeronian camerate), andRozhnovicrinus isakaraenew genus new species (Aeronian eucladid). This brings the total of described Llandovery crinoids in Estonia to eight nominal species and a further three taxa in open nomenclature. The Rhuddanian radiation in Baltica mirrored that on Laurentia and Avalonia and was dominated by Ordovician clades that continued to diversify during the Silurian. Known Aeronian crinoids from Estonia continue these clades, whereas new clades diversified on Laurentia and Avalonia. However, by the Wenlock, a largely cosmopolitan fauna existed on Laurentia, Avalonia, and Baltica.UUID:http://zoobank.org/b5e613f1-c211-4676-8967-5a38a7d8d40e
Three approaches to labor-market vulnerability and political preferences
Authors: Marx Paul , Picot Georg 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis contribution starts by presenting the three main approaches that political scientists use to analyze labor market vulnerability. We proceed to discuss various operationalizations of labor market vulnerability. We examine how they relate to the three theoretical approaches and we evaluate the consistency between theory and measurement. Finally, we recommend three measures that political scientists should deploy when analyzing the effect of labor market vulnerability on political preferences. We point out what each of these variables captures and what methodological challenges should be taken into account when using them.
The Future of Welfare State Politics
Authors: Rehm Philipp 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis essay argues that several ongoing and future developments are likely to undermine the broad public support welfare states historically and currently enjoy. These developments—skill-biased technological change, privatization of pensions, higher rates of assortative mating, and the information revolution—can be expected to increase risk inequality, the predictability of risk, income and wealth inequality, and the overlap between income and risk. As a result, a plausible prediction is that intense polarization about social policy programs will replace their current broad appeal, pitting an increasing share of people with no jobs or poor jobs and little upward mobility against an increasing share of people with few incentives to support mandatory risk pooling because they can self-insure.