bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the use of renin‐angiotensin system drugs and COVID‐19 clinical outcomes: What is the evidence so far?
Authors: Kurdi Amanj , Abutheraa Nouf , Akil Lina , Godman Brian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConflicting evidence exists about the effect of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on COVID‐19 clinical outcomes. We aimed to provide a comprehensive/updated evaluation of the effect of ACEIs/ARBs on COVID‐19‐related clinical outcomes, including exploration of interclass differences between ACEIs and ARBs, using a systematic review/meta‐analysis approach conducted in Medline (OVID), Embase, Scopus, Cochrane library, and medRxiv from inception to 22 May 2020. English studies that evaluated the effect of ACEIs/ARBs among patients with COVID‐19 were included. Studies’ quality was appraised using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Data were analyzed using the random‐effects modeling stratified by exposure (ACEIs/ARBs, ACEIs, and ARBs). Heterogeneiity was assessed using I2 statistic. Several subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the impact of potential confounders. Overall, 27 studies were eligible. The pooled analyses showed nonsignificant associations between ACEIs/ARBs and death (OR:0.97, 95%CI:0.75,1.27), ICU admission (OR:1.09;95%CI:0.65,1.81), death/ICU admission (OR:0.67; 95%CI:0.52,0.86), risk of COVID‐19 infection (OR:1.01; 95%CI:0.93,1.10), severe infection (OR:0.78; 95%CI:0.53,1.15), and hospitalization (OR:1.15; 95%CI:0.81,1.65). However, the subgroup analyses indicated significant association between ACEIs/ARBs and hospitalization among USA studies (OR:1.59; 95%CI:1.03,2.44), peer‐reviewed (OR:1.93, 95%CI:1.38,2.71), good quality and studies which reported adjusted measure of effect (OR:1.30, 95%CI:1.10,1.50). Significant differences were found between ACEIs and ARBs with the latter being significantly associated with lower risk of acquiring COVID‐19 infection (OR:0.24; 95%CI: 0.17,0.34). In conclusion, high‐quality evidence exists for the effect of ACEIs/ARBs on some COVID‐19 clinical outcomes. For the first time, we provided evidence, albeit of low quality, on interclass differences between ACEIs and ARBs for some of the reported clinical outcomes.
Dissecting the roles of FTZ‐F1 in larval molting and pupation, and the sublethal effects of methoxyfenozide on Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Zhang Wanna , Ma Long , Liu Xiangya , Peng Yingchuan , Liang Gemei , Xiao Haijun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn holometabolous insects, the major developmental transitions – larval molting and pupation – are triggered by a pulse of 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) and coordinated by juvenile hormone. Methoxyfenozide (MF), an ecdysteroid agonist, represents a new class of insect growth regulators and is effective against lepidopteran pests. Fushi‐tarazu factor 1 (FTZ‐F1) is an ecdysone‐inducible transcription factor. To date, the effect of MF on 20E‐response genes remains unclear, and we speculate the involvement of FTZ‐F1 in MF's growth regulating effect.RESULTSMF at LC25 and LC10 caused severe ecdysis failure in Helicoverpa armigera, extended their larval duration, lowered their pupal weight, and reduced the respiratory, pupation and emergence rates. Furthermore, sublethal doses of MF inhibited ecdysteroidogenesis and lowered the intrinsic 20E titer, but showed an inductive effect on 20E‐response genes including HaFTZ‐F1. HaFTZ‐F1, predominantly expressed in larval epidermis, was markedly upregulated before or right after larval ecdysis, and maintained a high level in prepupal stage. Knockdown of HaFTZ‐F1 in 4th‐instar larvae severely impaired larval ecdysis, whereas its knockdown in final‐instar larvae caused abnormal pupation. Moreover, knocking down HaFTZ‐F1 downregulated three critical ecdysteroidogenesis genes, lowered 20E titer, and suppressed the expression of 20E receptors and 20E‐response genes. The introduction of 20E into HaFTZ‐F1‐RNAi larvae partly relieved the negative effects on the 20E‐induced signaling cascade.CONCLUSIONOur findings reveal the adverse effects of sublethal doses of MF on the development of H. armigera and elucidate the resulting perturbations on the 20E‐induced signaling cascade; we propose that HaFTZ‐F1 regulates ecdysis and pupation by mediating 20E titer and its signaling pathway. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Design Strategy of Quantum Dot Thin‐Film Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Taewan , Lim Seyeong , Yun Sunhee , Jeong Sohee , Park Taiho , Choi Jongmin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractQuantum dots (QDs) are emerging photovoltaic materials that display exclusive characteristics that can be adjusted through modification of their size and surface chemistry. However, designing a QD‐based optoelectronic device requires specialized approaches compared with designing conventional bulk‐based solar cells. In this paper, design considerations for QD thin‐film solar cells are introduced from two different viewpoints: optics and electrics. The confined energy level of QDs contributes to the adjustment of their band alignment, enabling their absorption characteristics to be adapted to a specific device purpose. However, the materials selected for this energy adjustment can increase the light loss induced by interface reflection. Thus, management of the light path is important for optical QD solar cell design, whereas surface modification is a crucial issue for the electrical design of QD solar cells. QD thin‐film solar cell architectures are fabricated as a heterojunction today, and ligand exchange provides suitable doping states and enhanced carrier transfer for the junction. Lastly, the stability issues and methods on QD thin‐film solar cells are surveyed. Through these strategies, a QD solar cell study can provide valuable insights for future‐oriented solar cell technology.
Host–Guest Thin Films by Confining Ultrafine Pt/C QDs into Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xiao Yi‐Hong , Tian Wenming , Jin Shengye , Gu Zhi‐Gang , Zhang Jian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCombining the features of host templates and guest species is an efficient strategy to optimize the photo/electrocatalytic performance. Herein, novel host–guest thin‐film electrocatalysts are designed and developed with Pt doped carbon (Pt/C) confined into porphyrin‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). Porous MOF PCN‐222 and PCN‐221 thin films are used as the host templates and fabricated using vapor‐assisted deposition method, and then the guest Pt/C quantum dots are encapsulated into the MOFs by loading the glucose mixed H2PtCl6 and heating at 200 °C. Thanks to the confinement effect of MOF pores, the homogenous and ultrafine Pt/C nanowires (Pt/CNWs) and nanodots (Pt/CNDs) are confined in nanochannels of PCN‐222 and nanocages of PCN‐221 (Pt/CNW@PCN‐222 and Pt/CND@PCN‐221), respectively. The electrocatalytic study shows that the host–guest thin films have highly‐efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance under light irradiation. Furthermore, the time‐resolved photoluminescent results reveal that Pt/CNW@PCN‐222 has a faster charge transfer (441 ps) from PCN‐222 to Pt/CNWs comparing to that (557 ps) of Pt/CND@PCN‐221, indicating the guests with different shapes play an important role in the electrocatalytic performance. This work serves to present both the outstanding level of control in the precise synthesis and high potential for nanocomposite thin films in photo‐electrocatalytic application.
Axial behavior of full‐scale sandwich columns with different compressive strengths
Authors: Choi Seung‐Ho , Hwang Jin‐Ha , Han Sun‐Jin , Heo Inwook , Lee Doo‐Hee , Kim Kang Su 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, a total of six full‐scale sandwich columns were fabricated, and experiments on their load transfer performance were conducted. The effects of steel fiber reinforcement and the ratio of the column width to the slab thickness on the effective compressive strength were theoretically analyzed, and briefly compared the test results of full‐ and reduced‐scale specimens. The current design codes do not take into account the ratio of the column width to the slab thickness when estimating the effective compressive strengths of slabs and columns with different compressive strengths. The test results conducted in this study, however, showed that the effective compressive strength tended to decrease with increasing slab thickness. In addition, the specimen reinforced with steel fibers in the column region exhibited a higher effective compressive strength than the specimen with steel fibers in the slab region.
Is Marine Survival for Puget Sound’s Wild Steelhead Really That Bad? A Nisqually River Case Study Evaluating Estimates of Productivity and Survival of Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Losee James P. , Claiborne Andrew M. , Madel Gabe M. , Klungle Matt , Campbell Lance 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe highlight the uncertainty that exists around estimating productivity and survival for one population of threatened steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous Rainbow Trout) with the goal of strengthening our understanding of the well‐documented poor marine survival of Puget Sound steelhead. We evaluated how sensitive estimates of productivity and survival were to the uncertainty associated with smolt trap enumerations, redd survey methodology, estimates of fish per redd, and estimates of smolt production by resident Rainbow Trout in order to clarify causes of poor steelhead survival in this area. We show that from 2004 to 2014, estimates of both freshwater productivity and marine survival were highly sensitive to estimates of fish per redd used to expand redd counts, as well as error around smolt abundance estimates. Regardless, uncertainty associated with these inputs did not explain the low survival and high productivity observed for Nisqually River steelhead relative to other populations. In addition, we identified progeny from anadromous mothers upstream of what was previously considered a barrier, and we also documented that a proportion of steelhead smolts (N = 4/43) originated from resident mothers (Rainbow Trout). While these results indicated an underestimation in the total number of steelhead redds counted each year and an overestimation of steelhead progeny enumerated at smolt traps, they had little impact on estimates of survival and productivity. Results from the current study support previous work reporting poor marine survival for populations of Puget Sound steelhead and highlight the sympatric relationship between resident and anadromous life histories of O. mykiss. Overall, our study supports a management strategy that protects both the anadromous and fluvial forms of O. mykiss, prioritizes habitat improvements that promote freshwater productivity, and increases research focused on identifying causes of poor marine survival.
Characterization, Processing, and Application of Heavy Fuel Oil Ash, an Industrial Waste Material – A Review
Authors: Basha Shaik Inayath , Aziz Abdul , Maslehuddin M. , Ahmad Shamsad , Hakeem Abbas Saeed , Rahman Mohammad Mizanur 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHeavy fuel oil ash (HFOA) is generated as an industrial waste material during the combustion of heavy fuel oil in power/desalination plants. With increasing energy demands, a significant volume of HFOA is generated. It is generally disposed of in landfills, causing environmental pollution, as it contains several toxic elements. Recently, efforts were made towards developing strategies for reusing industrial waste materials and creating value‐added products from the waste materials. Despite significant information available in the literature on the utilization of HFOA, there is still a need for a thorough and systematic review on the characterization and utilization of HFOA in various applications. Consequently, this paper aims to present a critical review of the literature on HFOA generation, its chemical composition, physical properties, morphology, and applications. It is encouraging to note that HFOA has been used in several potential applications, such as the preparation of activated carbon and carbon nanotubes, metal recovery, environmental pollutant removal, polymer composites and construction materials, etc. However, the development of several value‐added materials utilizing HFOA and its applications in other areas such as coatings, cathodic protection systems, and phase change materialswould emerge as a new topic of research. It is expected that this review will act as a precursor for further research on the use of HFOA in industrial applications. Since the use of HFOA will lead to environmental, economic, and technical benefits, research in the utilization of this industrial waste material is highly recommended.
A lesson in teaching English while White
Authors: Ennser‐Kananen Johanna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article offers a close analysis of a 90‐minute teaching sequence in an English as a foreign language classroom of an adult basic education program for refugee‐background learners in a Finnish community college. The White European‐heritage teacher, the author of the article, researcher on‐site, and substitute teacher at that point, taught a lesson with a focus on ownership of English to a group of about 15 adult learners of color from mostly Middle Eastern and African backgrounds. She used peer‐supported discourse analysis of the lesson transcript to better understand the processes of Whiteness that interfered with students’ learning and engagement during the lesson. This revealed that the researcher‐teacher’s discourses and practices erased racial differences between her and the learners, perpetuated Eurocentric ideologies of argumentation, and positioned her as “white listening subject” (Flores & Rosa, 2015a) vis‐à‐vis the students. A theoretical lens of critical Whiteness pedagogy (e.g., Matias & Mackey, 2016) helps understand these findings within larger racist and Eurocentric structures of educational systems and socialization. Each finding feeds into recommendations for teachers and teacher educators, particularly those who received their education in predominantly White institutions but work in racially and culturally diverse contexts.
Holographic Wilsonian renormalization of a heavy quark moving through a strongly coupled plasma
Authors: Gutiez Diego , Hoyos Carlos 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A heavy quark moving through a strongly coupled deconfined plasma has a holographic dual description as a string moving in a black brane geometry. We apply the holographic Wilsonian renormalization method to derive a holographic effective string action dual to the heavy quark. The effective action only depends on the geometry between the black brane horizon and a cutoff localized in the radial direction, corresponding to the IR of the dual theory. We derive RG flow equations for the coefficients in the effective action and show that the force acting on the heavy quark is independent of the position of the cutoff. All the information about the UV is hidden in integration constants of the RG flow equations. This type of approach could be used to improve semi-holographic models where the UV is described by perturbative QCD and the IR by a holographic model.
The p140Cap adaptor protein as a molecular hub to block cancer aggressiveness
Authors: Salemme Vincenzo , Angelini Costanza , Chapelle Jennifer , Centonze Giorgia , Natalini Dora , Morellato Alessandro , Taverna Daniela , Turco Emilia , Ala Ugo , Defilippi Paola 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe p140Cap adaptor protein is a scaffold molecule encoded by the SRCIN1 gene, which is physiologically expressed in several epithelial tissues and in the neurons. However, p140Cap is also strongly expressed in a significant subset of cancers including breast cancer and neuroblastoma. Notably, cancer patients with high p140Cap expression in their primary tumors have a lower probability of developing a distant event and ERBB2-positive breast cancer sufferers show better survival. In neuroblastoma patients, SRCIN1 mRNA levels represent an independent risk factor, which is inversely correlated to disease aggressiveness. Consistent with clinical data, SRCIN1 gain or loss of function mouse models demonstrated that p140Cap may affect tumor growth and metastasis formation by controlling the signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis and metastatic features. This study reviews data showing the relevance of SRCIN1/p140Cap in cancer patients, the impact of SRCIN1 status on p140Cap expression, the specific mechanisms through which p140Cap can limit cancer progression, the molecular functions regulated by p140Cap, along with the p140Cap interactome, to unveil its key role for patient stratification in clinics.
Optimization of WEDM for precise machining of novel developed Al6061-7.5% SiC squeeze-casted composite
Authors: Ishfaq Kashif , Anwar Saqib , Ali Muhammad Asad , Raza Muhammad Huzaifa , Farooq Muhammad Umar , Ahmad Shafiq , Pruncu Catalin I. , Saleh Mustafa , Salah Bashir 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe emerging demands of industry for developing the novel materials with superior mechanical properties have successfully resulted in the development of distinct materials such as Al-matrix composites. Among these composites, newly developed Al6061-7.5% SiC holds promising mechanical characteristics. But, the SiC reinforcement in the Al-matrix makes the machining of this composite challenging, thus posing a serious concern regarding its effective utilization. In this research, high-speed wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) was employed for the precise machining of a squeeze casted Al6061-7.5% SiC composite. The cutting performance of the WEDM was assessed in terms of roughness (SR), cutting rate (Cs) and kerf width (KW). Experimentation was performed according to the response surface methodology. The experimental findings were thoroughly investigated using statistical, optical and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analyses. It has been revealed that the voltage is most influential/contributing parameter (having a percentage contribution of 25%) for controlling theSRduring WEDM of Al6061-7.5% SiC composite, whereas for theCSandKW, pulse and current are the major contributing control variables with percentage contributions of 90% and 84%, respectively. At low magnitude of both current and voltages, the surface quality is improved up to 33.3%. The SEM and optical microscopic evidences reveal shallow craters, small size melt re-deposits and micro globules on the machined surface at lower settings of both the said variables. Contrarily, for achieving higher cutting speed, high values of current and voltage along with low pulse are deemed essential. In case ofKW, low magnitude of current and voltage along with smaller pulse yields 20% reduction in the kerf width. The analyses revealed the conflicting nature of the studied output responses (SR,CsandKW). Therefore, multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) was used to find a parametric combination. The best combination of WEDM input parameters found is current = 3 A, voltage = 84.999 V and pulse = 10 mu. This combination gives a minimumSRof 5.775 μm with aKWof 0.3111 mm at aCSof 5.885 mm/min. The suitability of the MOGA-proposed parametric combination was witnessed through confirmation trials. Furthermore, the parametric effects have also been mathematically quantified with respect to the defined machinability parameters.
Urinary incontinence during pregnancy: prevalence, experience of bother, beliefs, and help-seeking behavior
Authors: Moossdorff-Steinhauser Heidi F. A. , Berghmans Bary C. M. , Spaanderman Marc E. A. , Bols Esther M. J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Pregnancy and delivery are thought to induce urinary incontinence (UI), but its clinical impact is less known. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of self-reported UI, level of experience of bother, and beliefs to gain a greater understanding of help-seeking behavior in adult pregnant women.

Methods
A digital survey shared on social media was used for recruitment. The survey consists of: (1) demographic variables, (2) International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF), (3) ICIQ Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Quality of Life (ICIQ-LUTSqol), and (4) questions on beliefs and help-seeking behavior. For analysis, descriptive statistics and the independent samples t-test were used to determine differences between help- and non-help-seekers.

Results
Four hundred seven women were eligible for data analysis. The prevalence of UI rises from 55.1% in the first to 70.1% in the third trimester, with an overall prevalence of 66.8%. Nearly 43.0% of the respondents reported UI occurring once a week or less; 92.5% of women lost a small amount; 90% reported slight to moderate impact on quality of life. Only 13.1% of the respondents sought help for their UI. The main reasons for not seeking help were: minimal bother and the idea that UI would resolve by itself. Help-seeking women showed significantly higher scores than non-help-seeking women regarding ICIQ-UI SF (p < 0.001), ICIQ-LUTSqol (p ≤ 0.001), and interference in daily life (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
During pregnancy, UI affects two out of three women, but only one in eight women sought professional help. Non-help-seeking women experience less bother.
Min–max theory for free boundary minimal hypersurfaces II: general Morse index bounds and applications
Authors: Guang Qiang , Li Martin Man-chun , Wang Zhichao , Zhou Xin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor any smooth Riemannian metric on an $$(n+1)$$

(
n
+
1
)

-dimensional compact manifold with boundary $$(M,\partial M)$$

(
M
,
∂
M
)

where $$3\le (n+1)\le 7$$

3
≤
(
n
+
1
)
≤
7

, we establish general upper bounds for the Morse index of free boundary minimal hypersurfaces produced by min–max theory in the Almgren–Pitts setting. We apply our Morse index estimates to prove that for almost every (in the $$C^\infty $$

C
∞

Baire sense) Riemannan metric, the union of all compact, properly embedded free boundary minimal hypersurfaces is dense in M. If $$\partial M$$

∂
M

is further assumed to have a strictly mean convex point, we show the existence of infinitely many compact, properly embedded free boundary minimal hypersurfaces whose boundaries are non-empty. Our results prove a conjecture of Yau for generic metrics in the free boundary setting.
Effect of storage temperature on volatile marker compounds in cured loins fermented with Staphylococcus carnosus by brine injection
Authors: Bosse Ramona , Wirth Melanie , Weiss Jochen , Gibis Monika 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, the influence of low (5 °C), intermediate (15 °C) and high (25 °C) storage temperatures on the profile of volatile compounds of North European cured loins fermented with Staphylococcus carnosus strains was investigated. In this context, proteolytic activity, bacterial growth, key volatile compounds and sensory attributes were studied. In conclusion, storage temperature significantly affected the volatile marker compounds. A multiple regression indicated significant effects of seven volatile compounds (acetophenone, benzaldehyde, butanone, 3-methylbutanal, 1-octen-3-ol, nonanal and pentanone) on the overall odor (R2 = 95.9%) and overall flavor (R2 = 81.1%). The sum of the marker volatiles aldehydes, ketones and alcohol increased with rising temperatures and the highest amounts of the odor active 3-methylbutanal up to 155 and 166 ng/g meat were detected in high temperature-stored loins. Moreover, the addition of S. carnosus strain LTH 3838 showed maximum effect at 5 °C-storage temperature in comparison to the control.