bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Corroded Bars and Spalling on the Bond Strength of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Ajagbe Wasiu O , Ganiyu Abideen A , Okoloekwe Chike , Al-Alawi Hilal S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The mechanism of the composite materials in Reinforced Concrete Structure is such that they both have to undergo the same stress and deformation as the surrounding, so as to prevent discontinuity, slip, or separation of both materials. Bond strength results from a combination of several parameters, such as the mutual adhesion between the concrete and steel interfaces and the pressure of the hardened concrete against the steel bar or wire due to the drying shrinkage of the concrete. A total of 24 singly reinforced beams with plain 10mm and 12mm steel rods were cast for this study. The beams were designed to fail by flexure and to allow bond slips occur before ultimate failure. The spalling effect was simulated by debonding the bars along its entire length with PVC pipes thus restricting concrete and steel contact. The beams are then subjected to flexural test by inducing a point load on its mid span. The results of the investigation reveals a slight increase in the bond strength of about 2.68% with the use of already corroded bars and the bond strength decreased by 39.2% and 81.8% for bars that had 25% and 50% of their perimeters debonded. The increase in bond strength with the use of corroded bars can be ascribed to the increased frictional resistance owing to the corroded bars surface roughness. The loss of bond strength with decrease in contact area was as a result of the bar being unable to resist perpendicular stresses and was easily pushed out of the beam.
Effects of water-cement ratio and notches to the flexural strength of concrete
Authors: Ahmad Shah Mohamad Shazwan , Noor Norhazilan Md. , Hong Kueh Ahmad Beng , Tamin Mohd. Nasir 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
It is often assumed that flexural strength of concrete has less significance impact on overall concrete strength. However, from fracture mechanics point-of-view tensile is an element the mechanics always look into due to cracking does associate with tension. In the research, fracture is translated into physical laboratory experiment by introducing notches. Physical laboratory works on concrete beams with three-point bend test configuration under static load and calculating outputs from laboratory with numerical equations. Three-point bend test method is conducted because from the testing, tensile strength or also recognised as flexural strength of concrete for each water-cement ratio could be attain. Thus, the aim of this article is to reveal and discuss the pattern of flexural strength of concrete on different water-cement ratio. The testing follows conventional fracture three-point bend test on concrete but with revised version by testing notched concrete beams. Normal three-point bend tests were run on concrete beams with different notch sizes; 30 mm, 15mm, and 5 mm respectively. There were three water-cement ratio decided in concrete mix; 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5. Thus, the trend of flexural strength of concrete follows the trend of water-cement ratio. Flexural strength increases when water-cement ratio increases up to water-cement ratio 0.5.
Specification for Torsional Bracing Design of Steel I Girder Simple Span Bridges During Construction Stage
Authors: Huynh T N , Nguyen R A , Pham D M , Pham T L T , Nguyen K T 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, steel bridge structure is becoming the trend of highways and bridges construction industry on not only the material characteristic but also its ability to be manufactured easily and reduce the constructing time. However, this structure still has its own disadvantages. One of the most critical factors greatly influencing the performance of the whole structure is the buckling capacity of the main girders, especially during construction stage. The most common solution for increasing the structure’s buckling capacity is to provide it with discrete bracing along the girder’s length. The designing of bracing for steel bridges requires high precision. If the design of the system is much stiffer than it demands, the structure will easily be prone to fatigue problems. In the other hand, if the bracing design does not meet its required stiffness, the whole structure’s stability will greatly reduce. Presently, many projects are designed too sufficiently leading to a huge waste of cost and time. Therefore, the expected results of this study are to propose an optimal design process for the bracing system design of steel I girder simple span bridges and a finite element model of a real-life steel bridge to confirm the reliability of the specification proposed.
Introducing Effective Microorganism as Self-curing Agent in Self-cured Concrete
Authors: Memon R P , Sam A R M , Awang A Z , Tahir M M , Mohamed A , Kassim K A , Ismail A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The primary reason for the curing of concrete is to complete the hydration reactions of cement with other materials. However, the problem occurs when required ideal curing becomes challenging due to various anomalous structural elements. To mitigate this issue, a bacterial solution known as Effective Microorganism (EM) has been introduced as a self-curing agent that has favourable surface tension, viscosity and solubility in water. Different percentage of water i.e. 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% were replaced with EM. The optimisation of percentage replacement of EM was based on the compression strength and water loss of concrete. The percentage of EM with 10% water replacing showed better compression strength as compared to other percentage replacements. With the optimum 10% percentage, compression strength was found 42 MPa and 49 MPa compared with 33 MPa and 43 MPa with control samples with air and water curing respectively. The water loss also reduced 2% with 10% EM replacement compared to the control sample. Results showed that 10% of EM is the optimum value to get desirable properties of concrete in air and water curing. EM can be used as a new self-curing agent as a novel approach in the area of self-curing concrete.
Precast Connection Behaviour Using Finite Element
Authors: Ishak M F , Hashim N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Precast concrete structure is not a new system in construction industry. Despite the several of advantages offer like ease in installation process, there is still a weakness especially on the stability of the whole structure where critical area at joint and connection. This issue has been a huge barrier in construction industry and become continuous topic for researcher. The connection strength is the most important part in precast system. Due to lack of standard, there are two common approaches in identifying strength and behaviour of connection, which is through experimental work and computational modelling. In this study, corbel connection at beam-column are chosen as a model for conducting a 3-dimensional finite element analysis using ABAQUS and results were validated with theory and experiments from previous study. Results of load-displacement show that the precast corbel have bending stiffness range to 4.5 kN/mm and found with ±10% different when compare to the experiment and theory. By establish the analysis and parameters; finite element analysis is an economical way to replace with tedious laboratory testing in identifying the behaviour of other precast connection. In future, researcher may gather all precast connection data for design purpose and standard development for precast system.
Cyclic Behaviour of Beam-Column Joints with Corbels Under In-Plane Lateral Loads
Authors: Kay Dora A.G. , Hamid N.H. , Rozli M.I.F. , Che Nooryohana Z. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Corbels appearance in precast beam-column joints has a significant impact on the behaviour of the transition zone at the end of the beam which could help in delaying the yielding of the top reinforcement bars and increase the stiffness of the joint. The presence of corbels also released the development of unnecessary strain at the top of the internal reinforcement bars. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to access the emulative approach for beam-column joints with corbels in terms of structural behaviour for any seismic action through experimental work. Comparison of the experimental hysteresis loops (load versus displacement) and seismic performance for the three types of joints were made. Three full-scale sub-assemblages of corner, exterior and interior precast beam-column joints with corbel were designed using BS8110 Code of Practice. These three specimens were constructed and tested in a heavy structural laboratory under in-plane lateral cyclic loading. The corner, exterior and interior beam-column joints were tested starting from ±0.01% until 1.35% drift, ±1.00% drift and ±1.15% drift, respectively. This study found that the existence of corbels in precast joints can delay the yielding of the top reinforcement bars and increase the stiffness of the joint. However, the experimental result has proved that the corbel for corner beam-column joint was the weakest point of the joint based on the crack damaged at the corbel. On the other hand, the experimental work found that precast beam-column corner joint specimen exhibited 21.5% more ductile behaviour as compared to other two specimens. However, the ductility values for all specimens were recorded at less than 3, indicating that precast beam-column joint specimens were not able to take moderate to strong earthquake excitation.
Evaluation of Crop Water Requirements for Yazagyo Irrigated Area, Myanmar
Authors: Myint Mar Lar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Accurate estimation of crop water requirements (ETc) is essential for the irrigation scheduling and water management of Yazagyo irrigated area, Myanmar. FAO defined the crop water requirements as the depth of water needed to meet the water loss through evapotranspiration of a crop, being disease-free, growing in large fields under non-restricting soil conditions, including soil water and fertility, and achieving full production potential under the given growing environment. It is essential to have a clear idea about the optimum water requirement for proposed crops under adaptable climatic conditions. The optimal crop water requirement mainly depends upon the accurate estimation of evapotranspiration and crop coefficient. To perform in this study, firstly Meteorological data of Kalay Station, in Myanmar are collected from 1995 to 2018. On the other hand, the different kinds of crops such as paddy, groundnut, sesame, sunflower, bean, and pea are considered for the estimation of seasonal crop water requirements for this area. Based on the crop growth stages in this area, crop coefficient curves are developed and crop coefficients are determined for each crop according to FAO manual. By using monthly crop coefficients and CROPWAT 8.0 software, reference crop evapotranspiration, crop water requirements and total irrigation requirements are presented for the selected area.
Development of dead-end system calculation model for water reticulation design using Microsoft Excel with optimized algorithm: a case study at regional operations center (ROC) Melaka, Malaysia
Authors: Lim J.R , Kutty S.R.M , Ghaleb A.A.S , Almahbashi N.M.Y , Al-Sabaeei A.M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper presents computation of Dead-End System for Water Reticulation using Excel Spreadsheet. An on-going project entitled Regional Operations Center (ROC) located in Melaka, Malaysia was taken as a case study for this research in which all the information needed such as water demand, tapping pressure and location were referred. In a Civil and Structural consulting firm, a great amount of time (approximately 5 hours) had been taken in performing Dead- End analysis. Furthermore, the computation of design by the engineers is a tedious process as the previous spreadsheet contains wrong and insufficient information. With that, this research is aimed to design a Dead-End System Calculation which can compute the necessary information needed in Water Reticulation. As well, the study aims to verify the accuracy of the above said calculation spreadsheet by using EPANET which is a modelling tool for drinking water distribution. This research was done first by designing the calculation spreadsheet using preliminary information from ROC. Then, the exact same design was computed by using EPANET. Next, comparison of results taken from both methods was carried out. Lastly, the comparison on time taken to compute water reticulation design between the previous available spreadsheet and the calculation spreadsheet designed through this research was done. The verified calculation spreadsheet will allow users to get hydraulic information such as velocity, optimum pipe size, residual pressure and total head loss.
Optimal Production Quantity in Rubber Industry
Authors: Siregar I , Rizkya I , Sari Rahmi M , Syahputri Khalida 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The increasing demand for rubber makes rubber production companies continue to make improvements in production planning determination continuously in order to meet consumer demand. The largest rubber production company in Indonesia is still experiencing problems in its production activities. In some periods the company still often experiences production mismatches with consumer demand, especially in Centrifuged Latex products as the highest demand product. The incompatibility of the quantity of demands with the production amount results in the emergence of other costs and the company loses the chance to get maximum income. Consequently, it is essential to analyse the company making planning activities using the goal programming method. Based on the outcomes of data processing carried out, company profits with goal programming solutions of Rp. 43.778.032.320, which is an increase of 0,99% compared to production according to consumer demand. The percentage increase in profits is relatively small, this is shows that the production planning carried out by the company is optimal.
Determination of Joint Lot Size using the supply chain approach with Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) Method at PT. XYZ
Authors: Nasution Abdillah Arif , Erlina  , Rujiman  , Situmeang Chandra 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
PT. XYZ is a company producing animal feed products which is located in the Medan Region. This company is a branch of Z Group company based in Surabaya. In the process company business activities, both from the process of ordering raw materials to suppliers up to the sale of products to buyers, often happens planning mismatches in determining production lots so often cause overstock and stockout. This is based on the lack of integration each component in the supply chain. Each component is still using the traditional way that is by making each plan without coordinating with each other. This manufacturing company still needs to do improvements in the production planning system. The absence of the PPIC Department make planning in the production in the company becomes out of control. This study aims to improve the supply chain system by method VMI and determine the optimum combined lot size by the JELS method. The JELS calculation results show an optimal Q of 8,692 bags, with QM for 437,082 bags with a frequency of product shipments 50 times and the frequency of replenishment of raw materials 13 times.
Calculation of Physiological Load and Energy Consumption of Warehouse Operators in Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Panjaitan Nismah , Huda Listiani Nurul , Rahmi Arnita 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The modest workload provided by operators is the responsibility of every manufacturing company. Operators with excessive workload on an ongoing basis will cause discomfort and even abnormalities in the physiological operator, especially in the muscles and joints. In this study, workload, work frequency and work posture become independent variables while energy consumption becomes the dependent variable that will be reviewed thoroughly to see the workload of operators. Data collected directly about the operator’s energy consumption indicates the operator is experiencing a heavy workload. Lifting and moving activities carried out by operators must be immediately carried out repairs. In the near future the improvement of operator activities when lifting must be fixed immediately because it exceeds the energy consumption limit of 8.63 Kcal / minute, 8.063 Kcal/minute dan 8.175 Kcal/minute.
Development on Meso Ergonomics in Manufacturing Based on Research Trends in The Last Twenty Years
Authors: Panjaitan Nismah , Ali Amir Yazid Bin , Samat Hasnida Ab 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Meso ergonomics continues to develop, research journals on meso ergonomics continue to increase in number, meso ergonomic discussions are carried out ranging from the scope of studies to the application of meso ergonomics in various fields. Macro, meso and micro ergonomics do not yet have clear scope limits, this makes the researchers continue to conduct studies on the limits of meso ergonomic studies. The application of ergonomic science continues to be developed by researchers, during the span of 1997 to 2017 a total of 51 studies on ergonomic meso were carried out, the main focus of the research was carried out in the fields of health, services, manufacturing and other fields. Meso ergonomic research in the field of health as many as 20 studies, 6 services and 12 fields of manufacturing and 13 other fields of research. Most research occurred in the health sector with the most research in 2005 as many as 5 studies, research in the field of health, especially in hospitals consisting of, managerial design and improvement, improvement of hospital services and the impact of managerial policies on nurses. In the field of services, the focus of his research is the managerial system and improvement of the customer’s perspective on services. In manufacturing the focus of the research is to maximize output by taking into account worker fatigue. All fields of ergonomic meso studies will be evaluated because they still have shortcomings and are not credible
Analysis of Production Obstacles in Assembling G Line Process Using FMEA Method (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis)
Authors: Siregar Khawarita , Ariani Farida , Sari Rahmi M , Rizkya Indah , Simanjuntak Lauren Sopar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
PT. XYZ is a company engaged in the manufacturing industry of manufacturing four-wheeled vehicles. Based on the results of preliminary observations, it was found that the production process in the G Line assembling section in this company had problems that could hamper the smooth production process. Problems that occur during the production process can reduce work time so that the number of products produced by the company becomes reduced. These problems can also result in the number of products produced not according to the number of products planned. To reduce the barriers to production, this study uses the FMEA method to identify the most potential causes of production barriers in the G line assembling process and recommendations for the solutions given. Based on the research conducted, it is known that there are several types of production barriers. Then the calculation of the percentage of disability is done to obtain a pareto diagram. Based on the calculation results, it was found that the types of production barriers analyzed were final line no body with a total resistance of 1400 and a percentage of disability 75.31%. The recommended solution is to provide training to operators so that operators have better skills.
Decision Tree to Predict the Color Quality of Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBPO)
Authors: Sembiring Meilita Tryana , Chailes Steven , Sawaluddin  
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere are many factors that can affect the quality of Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil produced. Every step in RBDPO processing must be mastered very precisely in terms of process conditions such as temperature, flowrate, dose, pressure, etc. This condition can vary from one facility to another and therefore requires the company’s own specifications / rules to implement and integrate all production process facilities until the product is produced. The focus of the study on this particular task is the quality problems faced by companies in the Refinery section where research is carried out using data mining concepts to predict data logsheets that are written every 24 hours by refinery operators. The data can be used as a tool to predict the color quality of Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBPO). The use of Data Mining in this study is to facilitate operators in managing machine settings to achieve the quality required by the company directly. So that the Refinery section does not need to wait for the results of laboratory tests which require approximately 2 hours to find out the RBDPO quality results.
Planning of warehouse area for vise manufacturing by considering raw material requirements
Authors: Sitepu Muhammad Haikal , McKay Alison , Alda Tania , Siregar Lamsihar , Irawan Ali Akbar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Availability of raw materials is important for maintaining the continuity of production. However, in planning inventory for raw materials, several factors such as availability of warehouse space for raw material, handling cost, order cost, transportation time are used in determining amount of raw material need to be stocked. Vise is important tool to support finishing process such as cutting and grinding. Vise consists of several parts such as base, right clamp body and handle. These parts need to be stored in warehouse to support the manufacturing of vise. Hence, the warehouse space must be adequate to store raw materials for manufacturing vise within certain period of time. This paper aims to demonstrate the calculation of warehouse area based on the material requirements that are calculated based on material removal rate for each process.
Material handling selection for vise manufacturing using Hassan algorithm
Authors: Sitepu Muhammad Haikal , Alda Tania , Nasution Andri , Suci Amalia Meilita Tryana Sembiring , Habibi Anggi Ridho 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
One type of transportation in industrial companies, for moving raw materials, semi-finished goods or finished goods from their original place to destination can be called as material handling. There are several material handling equipment available for manufacturing industry such as forklift, crane, conveyor, hand truck and trolley. However, not all material handling equipment are appropriate for specific manufacturing such as vise manufacturing. The selection of appropriate and efficient material handling equipment is important for reducing material handling cost. Around 20% of production cost is allocated for material handling activities. Vise consists of several part with different processes and materials. As the result, the flow of materials between processes are high. This paper aims to select appropriate material handling for vise manufacturing. Hassan’s algorithm is used as a method for selecting material handling that consider various factors such as price, time and distances. Four types of material handling namely trolley, hand truck, wheeled rack, and hand pallet, are selected in this paper.