bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High glucose level as a modifier factor in CMT1A patients
Authors: Secchin Juliana B. , Leal Rita C. C. , Lourenço Charles M. , Marques V. D. , Nogueira Patricia T. L. , Santos Andre C. J. , Tomaselli Pedro J. , Marques Wilson 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCharcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is the most common type of hereditary neuropathy worldwide and diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most frequent cause of peripheral neuropathy in the Western world. CMT1A typically manifest as a predominant motor neuropathy, while, DM‐related neuropathy often manifests as a predominant sensory disorder. There are some evidences that CMT1A patients that also had DM had a more severe neuropathy. Although the real frequency and the underlying mechanisms related to this association has not yet been addressed in the literature. We sought to characterize the phenotypic variability of CMT1A patients with persistent high glucose levels (DM or impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]). Nineteen patients with CMT1A and DM (CMTdiab), seven with CMT1A and IGT (CMTintol) and 27 with CMT1A without comorbidities were analyzed. They were evaluated through clinical assessment, application of the following scales: visual analogue scale, McGill, CMTNS, SF‐36 and COMPASS 31 and electrophysiological studies. Patients CMTdiab had a more severe motor and sensory neuropathy, more intense autonomic symptoms and worse quality of life. Surprisingly, proximal weakness and temporal dispersion on nerve conduction studies are frequently observed in this group. Patients CMTintol also had a more severe neuropathy. Curiously, we observed that the association of CMT1A and glucose metabolism disorders (CMTglic) clustered in some families. Patients CMTglic develop a more severe neuropathy. As there is yet no cure to CMT1A, a strict blood sugar control may be a useful measure.
A novel method for assessing oral mixing ability based on the spatial clusters quantified by variogram
Authors: Lo Kuang‐Chuan , Lin Hsiao‐Han , Lin Chia‐Shu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe two‐colour chewing test (TCCT) has been widely used for assessing oral mixing ability, a critical component of masticatory performance. Most studies focused on quantifying the evenness of colour distribution. It remained unknown if the variation of colour clustering was a valid index of oral mixing ability.ObjectiveThe study aims to investigate the oral mixing ability based on the spatial clusters quantified by variogram.MethodsFifty older people (15 male/35 female, age: 66.0 ± 7.8 years) were assessed for the TCCT and the colour‐changeable chewing gum test (CCGT). For the CCGT, we quantified the degree of colour change (ΔE). For the TCCT, the highest peak in colour histogram (HP), the standard deviation of colour values (SDC) and the range of variogram from colour spatial distribution (VARG) were quantified. The participants were grouped according to the contacts of posterior teeth, as assessed by Eichner Index (EI).ResultsHighest peak, SDC and VARG showed statistically significant differences between the EI groups (two‐tailed independent t test P < .05). Higher VARG (ie a lower degree of clustering) was significantly negatively correlated with ΔE (r = −.36, one‐tailed P < .01). The binary logistic regression revealed that among the spatial indices (HP, SDC and VARG), only VARG achieved statistical significance in prediction to the EI group. Eliminating other indices was insignificant to the model performance.ConclusionsOur results show that the averaged cluster sizes, quantified by variogram, are a valid index for quantifying the TCCT. Compared with other spatial indices, it had the best predictability to the condition of posterior contact.
Help, I can’t help: A qualitative study of psychiatric nurse’s perspectives on their care for people who hear voices
Authors: McCluskey Anita , de Vries Jan 
Published: April 2020

Accessible SummaryWhat is known about the subject?

There are no studies on the perceptions of psychiatric nurses on interventions they provided to people hearing voices while in an acute psychiatric unit in Ireland. There are three studies focussed on psychiatric nurses’ experiences of caring for people that hear voices, two based in England and one based in Australia. Only two of these studies is focussed on nurses working in an acute psychiatric unit.

What is this paper adds to existing knowledge?

This study used semi‐structured interviews to explore perceptions of psychiatric nurses in the Republic of Ireland on interventions they provided people hearing voices while in an acute psychiatric unit.

What are the implications for practice?

Further quantitative and qualitative research into the nursing practice for people experiencing auditory hallucinations, in both in‐patient and community settings. Follow up supports and supervision after the completion training programmes should be implemented, to ensure the transition of skills and knowledge to the clinical environment. Further investigation into whether or not psychiatric nurses are well prepared for the developments outlined in national polices.

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore the perspectives and experiences of Irish psychiatric nurses working in acute care in regard to their role in addressing hearing voices in the people in their care, with a view to gain insight in the nurses’ personal experiences, interventions they provide, attitudes, knowledge, facilitating factors and challenges.BackgroundTreatment of auditory hallucinations often takes place in acute psychiatric care. Traditionally treatment was focused on medication, but this is no longer the sole approach, with psychosocial interventions gaining ground. Psychiatric nurses have the potential to provide these interventions. As part of the changing emphasis of mental health care in Ireland towards more responsibilities for psychiatric nurses, there is a need to establish whether psychiatric nurses are prepared to take up these added responsibilities.DesignA qualitative study, comprising of semi‐structured interviews (n = 16).ResultsFour themes emerged through thematic analysis. These included (a) the importance of therapeutic relationships; (b) reservations about the emphasis on medication; (c) limitations to interventions; and (d) the lack of focus/structure of interventions.ConclusionsThe use of systematic psychosocial interventions for people who hear voices is not well supported in the acute psychiatric settings the psychiatric nurses in the study worked in.
Geographic Variation of UV Stress Tolerance in Red Seaweeds Does Not Scale with Latitude Along the SE Pacific Coast
Authors: Véliz Karina , Chandía Nancy , Bischof Kai , Thiel Martin 
Published: April 2020

Geographic variation of phenotypic traits affects the capacity of species to withstand and adapt to environmental stress. Here, we examined how geographic origin influences UV stress tolerance of the red seaweeds Chondracanthus chamissoi and Gelidium lingulatum distributed along the South‐East Pacific coast between 20° S and 42° S. Seaweeds from six (C. chamissoi) and five (G. lingulatum) populations were grown under common‐garden conditions and then exposed to consecutive UV stress events and essential biological traits (e.g., growth, photosynthetic responses, antioxidant capacity, and UV‐absorbing compounds) were analyzed. In C. chamissoi, a strong UV sensitivity occurred in populations from mid‐latitudes (27° S and 29° S) where the lowest recovery of maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm; between 32.3% and 66.8% of control) and growth rate were observed. Likewise, the lowest amount of mycosporine‐like amino acids (MAAs) and a significant decrease in phycobilins were registered in these populations. In G. lingulatum, recovery of Fv/Fm ranged from 82.0% to 97.7% of control, and antioxidant activity, carotenoid, and MAA contents were positively influenced by UV exposure. The multivariate analysis indicated a significant influence of PAR, cloud cover, and UV index on physiological traits, depending on species. The ecotypic differentiation index (EDI) indicated a higher phenotypic variation in C. chamissoi (EDI = 0.10) than G. lingulatum (EDI = 0.03). This study shows that the spatial distribution of UV stress tolerance in the studied seaweeds does not follow linear latitudinal or central–edge gradients. Instead, among‐site variability of solar intensities driven by specific climatic conditions seems to act as driver of phenotypic variation.
Lower urinary tract function improves after laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for elderly patients with pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Togo Mio , Kitta Takeya , Kanno Yukiko , Ouchi Mifuka , Tokiwa Shino , Huang Tingwen , Moriyama Shingo , Nomura Jimmy , Moriya Kimihiko , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesPelvic organ prolapse (POP) is relatively common in the elderly population. Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC) has been reported by several studies to be a less invasive treatment option as compared to open sacrocolpopexy. However, almost all prior reports focused on the complications or surgical obstacles. The present study was designed to examine POP patients of all ages and assess lower urinary tract function before and after LSC.MethodsThis retrospective study examined the results of LSC performed in POP patients. Urodynamic studies were performed pre‐ and postoperatively in 50 patients, with the subjects divided into two groups containing those less than and those older than 65 years of age. We performed a pressure flow study. We examined bladder functions by evaluating bladder capacity, detrusor pressure at maximum flow (PdetQmax), maximum flow rate (Qmax), normal desire to void, strong desire to void, voided volume, and postvoid residual volume (PVR). Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Values of P < .05 were considered significant.ResultsWith regard to the pressure‐flow study parameters, there was a significant increase in the normal desire to void and bladder capacity only in the ≥65 age group. After the operation, there was a significant increase in the mean postoperative Qmax and voided volume, while there was a significant decrease in the PdetQmax and PVR as compared to the preoperative values only in the ≥65 age group.ConclusionsResults show that in elderly patients with POP, LSC might be a valid option with regard to potentially regaining urinary tract function.
Usefulness of serum galactomannan in initiating and modifying antifungal therapy in children with cancer and persistent high‐risk febrile neutropenia
Authors: Delgado‐Araneda Matías , Valenzuela Romina , de la Maza Verónica , Rabello Marcela , Álvarez Ana M. , Contardo Verónica , Zubieta Marcela , Gutierrez Valentina , Claverie Ximena , Torres Juan P. , Salgado Carmen , Tordecilla Juan , Varas Mónica , Avilés Carmen L. , Venegas Marcela , Villarroel Milena , Santolaya María E. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundInvasive fungal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children with cancer and high‐risk febrile neutropenia (HRFN). Repeated serum galactomannan (sGM) measurements have been described as an effective tool to guide therapy in adults under suspicion of invasive aspergillosis. However, the utility of this approach has not been reported in paediatric population.ObjectivesTo evaluate the usefulness of sGM measurements in initiating and modifying antifungal therapy (AFT) in children with cancer and persistent HRFN.Patients/MethodsNested case‐control study in children with cancer and persistent HRFN episodes, between July 2013 and January 2019. Patients were classified as cases and controls depending on if they received AFT or not, respectively. Through odds ratio analysis, we assessed the role of sGM positivity in the AFT initiation decision. Then, we analysed the group of patients that initiated AFT, and compared those who had AFT modifications and those who did not, analysing different sGM kinetics thresholds.ResultsA total of 191 episodes from children with persistent HRFN were enrolled, of which 107 received AFT and 84 did not. The median age was 7 years (IQR 4‐12), 52% were male and 89% had a haematologic malignancy as underlying disease. Positive sGM was not associated with AFT initiation (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.43‐2.33, P = .99). A difference threshold in sGM Δ ≥ 0.3 sGM was significantly associated with AFT modification (OR 5.07, 95% CI 1.02‐ 25.70, P = .04).ConclusionsOur results suggest the utility of serial sGM sampling during AFT in children with persistent HRFN.
Anesthetic management of pediatric patients with Niemann‐Pick disease type C for intrathecal 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin injection
Authors: Ulloa Morgan L. , Froyshteter Alexander B. , Kret Lauren N. , Chang Denise P. , Sarah Gabriel E. , McCarthy Robert J. , Barnes Steve D. , Berry‐Kravis Elizabeth M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundNiemann‐Pick disease type C is an autosomal‐recessive, lysosomal storage disorder with variable age of onset and a heterogeneous clinical presentation that includes neurological, psychiatric, and visceral findings. Serial intrathecal injections of 2‐hydroxypropyl‐beta‐cyclodextrin are being evaluated as a treatment modality for Niemann‐Pick disease type C with a subset of patients requiring anesthesia for this procedure.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of anesthesia provided for patients undergoing intrathecal injection of 2‐hydroxypropyl‐beta‐cyclodextrin.MethodsA retrospective review of pediatric patients who received serial intrathecal injections of 2‐hydroxypropyl‐beta‐cyclodextrin with anesthesia at two tertiary care centers was conducted from December 2015 through April 2019. Data were extracted for analysis included preoperative comorbidities, demographics, vital signs, intraoperative anesthesia course, airway management technique, venous access, postoperative course, and perioperative complications. In total, 19 patients were identified and a total of 394 anesthetic encounters were included in this study.ResultsAll 394 2‐hydroxypropyl‐beta‐cyclodextrin administration procedures were successfully performed, and there were no changes made in the anesthetic plan during the anesthesia encounters. Three hundred forty‐nine anesthetics were performed utilizing inhalation induction and mask maintenance, and 45 anesthetics were performed with placement of a supraglottic airway device due to patient body habitus and provider preference. The incidence of a major adverse event (aspirations, arterial desaturation) was 5/394 (1.3%, 95% CI 0.05%‐3.1%). Minor adverse events (emesis, delirium, hypotension, seizure, and airway obstruction) were observed in 19/394 encounters (4.8%, 95% CI 3.0%‐7.5%).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that general anesthesia induced via inhalation induction and maintained with volatile anesthetic via mask or supraglottic airway is a safe and effective option for pediatric patients with Niemann‐Pick disease type C undergoing serial intrathecal injections of 2‐hydroxypropyl‐beta‐cyclodextrin, supporting this technique as a viable option for anesthetic care in these patients.
A multiplex real‐time PCR assay enables simultaneous rapid detection and quantification of bacteria associated with acute oak decline
Authors: Crampton Bridget G. , Plummer Sarah J. , Kaczmarek Maciej , McDonald James E. , Denman Sandra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAcute oak decline (AOD) is a syndrome affecting mature oak trees and is characterized by stem bleeds from vertical fissures on trunks, and inner bark necrosis caused by a polybacterial consortium, in which Gibbsiella quercinecans and Brenneria goodwinii, and to a lesser extent Rahnella victoriana and Lonsdalea britannica, play key roles. Here we report a novel multiplex real‐time PCR assay that enables simultaneous and rapid detection and quantification of these four bacterial species from stem bleed swabs. Experiments with axenic cultures were performed to determine specificity and sensitivity of the multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR). Whilst the primer/probe set for B. goodwinii was species‐specific, primer/probe sets for the other three species were able to identify other members of their respective genera. There was no cross detection of genera within the multiplex qPCR, and non‐target bacteria were not detected. The multiplex AOD assay had differential sensitivity for each bacterial species. The assay was evaluated on swab samples collected from stem bleeds of declining oak trees at a site in south‐east England and was able to detect all four bacterial species. Absolute quantification of the bacteria from swab samples was possible through the inclusion of a standard curve prepared from dilutions of gene copy standards. This diagnostic tool will facilitate rapid detection of AOD‐associated bacteria from samples that can easily be taken by non‐specialists without specific training, and will also find application in other experimental work such as pathogenicity and control trials.
How can stigma contribute to our understanding of the formation and mobilization of collective identities in health social movements?
Authors: Smith Nicholas C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractScholars across several theoretical traditions have become increasingly interested in understanding the underlying factors and mechanisms that contribute to the formation and mobilization of collective identities in health social movements (HSMs). In this essay, I make the case that stigma can serve as a useful theoretical and conceptual framework in understanding the processes through which collective identities emerge and mobilize around health‐related issues. I begin by introducing the concepts of HSMs, collective identity and stigma and reviewing how scholars have defined these concepts. Next, I establish theoretical, conceptual, and empirical links among stigma, collective identity, and HSMs. I conclude by further specifying how and why stigma can serve as a unifying framework for medical sociologists, social psychologists, and social movement researchers to advance scholarship on HSMs.
The guaranteed minimum income in Portugal: A universal safety net under political and financial pressure
Authors: Pereirinha José António , Branco Francisco , Pereira Elvira , Amaro Maria Inês 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI) was created in Portugal by a centre‐left Socialist Party government in 1996, as the most important constitutive part of a ‘new generation of active social policies,’ which completed the existence in Portugal of a universal system of guaranteed income. Its transformation into a Social Integration Income (SII) in 2003 and its retrenchment in the period of the Great Recession and troika austerity (2011–2015) has reduced the scope of this policy measure as a universal safety net policy. This article examines the context and the major drivers for the creation and for the policy changes that occurred in the GMI/SII. Looking at the political debates and the changes in this policy measure along this period, we argue that the major reforms introduced since its creation reflect ideological cleavages within the political arena. Considering the very low share in total government current expenditure of GMI/SII, this can explain the social policy selective retreat associated to the changes introduced in this policy measure by the centre‐right coalition in government, in the latest period of cost containment of social policy in Portugal, leading to a great decrease in the number of beneficiaries and to an increase of its inadequacy.
RETRACTED: Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of a large, diverse population of maize near‐isogenic lines
Authors: Morales Laura , Repka A. C. , Swarts Kelly L. , Stafstrom William C. , He Yijian , Sermons Shannon M. , Yang Qin , Lopez‐Zuniga Luis O. , Rucker Elizabeth , Thomason Wade E. , Nelson Rebecca J. , Balint‐Kurti Peter J. 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYGenome‐wide association (GWA) studies can identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) putatively underlying traits of interest, and nested association mapping (NAM) can further assess allelic series. Near‐isogenic lines (NILs) can be used to characterize, dissect and validate QTL, but the development of NILs is costly. Previous studies have utilized limited numbers of NILs and introgression donors. We characterized a panel of 1270 maize NILs derived from crosses between 18 diverse inbred lines and the recurrent inbred parent B73, referred to as the nested NILs (nNILs). The nNILs were phenotyped for flowering time, height and resistance to three foliar diseases, and genotyped with genotyping‐by‐sequencing. Across traits, broad‐sense heritability (0.4–0.8) was relatively high. The 896 genotyped nNILs contain 2638 introgressions, which span the entire genome with substantial overlap within and among allele donors. GWA with the whole panel identified 29 QTL for height and disease resistance with allelic variation across donors. To date, this is the largest and most diverse publicly available panel of maize NILs to be phenotypically and genotypically characterized. The nNILs are a valuable resource for the maize community, providing an extensive collection of introgressions from the founders of the maize NAM population in a B73 background combined with data on six agronomically important traits and from genotyping‐by‐sequencing. We demonstrate that the nNILs can be used for QTL mapping and allelic testing. The majority of nNILs had four or fewer introgressions, and could readily be used for future fine mapping studies.
Epidemiology of a toxoplasmosis outbreak in a research institution in northern Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Cabral Monica Thaís , Pinto‐Ferreira Fernanda , Martins Felippe Danyel Cardoso , de Matos Ricardo Luís Nascimento , de Matos Andressa Maria Rorato Nascimento , Santos Anne Caroline , Nino Beatriz de Souza Lima , Pereira Leia , Narciso Simone Garani , Garcia João Luis , Freire Roberta Lemos , Navarro Italmar Teodorico , Mitsuka‐Bregano Regina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractToxoplasmosis is a reportable disease in Brazil. The objective of this study was to investigate a toxoplasmosis outbreak at a research institution in Londrina—PR, Brazil. The outbreak was reported in October 2015; however, the first cases occurred in August 2015. Blood samples were collected from 674 persons at the institution. Samples were collected from soil, water (water tank) and food (vegetables) served in the restaurant. Each participant responded to an epidemiological questionnaire. For the blood samples, a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay was performed to detect IgM, IgG and specific IgG avidity antibodies; 10.8% (73/674) had evidence of acute toxoplasmosis. Statistical analysis showed a significant association (p < .001) between acute infection and eating lunch in the restaurant of the institution. Regarding the types of food offered in the restaurant during the period, there was a significant association between consuming raw salad (p < .001) and becoming ill. We conclude that the vegetables or raw vegetables served in the restaurant were probably the source of infection; however, the long period between exposure and case reporting made it difficult to identify the source of transmission.