bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aneurysmal benign fibrous histiocytoma of the anal canal: a rare differential diagnosis
Authors: Amarnani Raj , Harikrishnan Athur 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo our knowledge, we report the first case of an aneurysmal benign fibrous histiocytoma occurring in the anal canal.MethodsClinical, histological, radiological and surgical data pertaining to this patient were analysed. Additionally, a literature review on aneurysmal benign fibrous histiocytoma was conducted.ResultsWe describe a 48-year-old Caucasian male presenting with a 2-week history of a painful anus, fresh rectal bleeding and tenesmus. Digital rectal examination identified a tender firm mass in the anal verge. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed high signal in the anal canal. Flexible sigmoidoscopy revealed an ulcerated 3-cm indurated lesion at the four o’clock position. Biopsies taken of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of an aneurysmal benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH). Following a discussion in the colorectal multi-disciplinary team, the patient was counselled for an excision of the lesion. Diathermy dissection was performed to completely excise the tumour with a margin involving the fibres of the anal sphincter. The patient made a full recovery and had no residual symptoms. Histology of the excised specimen confirmed clear margins of the BFH.ConclusionsThis paper aims to highlight a rare differential diagnosis for an anal mass. An aneurysmal BFH most often presents as a painless mass within the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. As such, this case presents a diagnostic challenge to both colorectal surgeon and histopathologist due to its low incidence and unusual location. We further present the clinical and radiographic evidence to confirm the diagnosis. Additionally, we discuss the literature pertaining to this condition and its optimal management.
Optical coherence tomography shows neuroretinal thinning in myelopathy of adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: van Ballegoij Wouter J. C. , Kuijpers Sander C. , Huffnagel Irene C. , Weinstein Henry C. , Poll-The Bwee Tien , Engelen Marc , Bennebroek Carlien A. M. , Verbraak Frank D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Progressive myelopathy is the main cause of disability in adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). Development of therapies is hampered by a lack of quantitative outcome measures. In this study, we investigated whether myelopathy in ALD is associated with retinal neurodegeneration on optical coherence tomography (OCT), which could serve as a surrogate outcome measure.

Methods
Sixty-two patients (29 men and 33 women) and 70 age-matched and sex-matched controls (33 men and 37 women) were included in this cross-sectional study. We compared retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness between ALD patients and controls. In addition, we correlated these OCT measurements with clinical parameters of severity of myelopathy.

Results
Patients had significantly thinner RNFL (male group, p < 0.05) and pRNFL superior and temporal quadrant [both male (p < 0.005) and female (p < 0.05) groups] compared to controls. Comparing three groups (symptomatic patients, asymptomatic patients and controls), there were significant differences in RNFL thickness (total grid and peripheral ring) in the male group (p ≤ 0.002) and in pRNFL thickness (superior and temporal quadrant) in both male (p ≤ 0.02) and the female (p ≤ 0.02) groups. Neuroretinal layer thickness correlated moderately with severity of myelopathy in men (correlation coefficients between 0.29–0.55, p < 0.02), but not in women.

Conclusions
These results suggest that neurodegeneration of the spinal cord in ALD is reflected in the retina of patients with ALD. Therefore, OCT could be valuable as an outcome measure for the myelopathy of ALD. Additional longitudinal studies are ongoing.
Intestinal microbiome and NAFLD: molecular insights and therapeutic perspectives
Authors: Hu Haiming , Lin Aizhen , Kong Mingwang , Yao Xiaowei , Yin Mingzhu , Xia Hui , Ma Jun , Liu Hongtao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of dysregulated lipid and glucose metabolism, which is often associated with obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In view of the high morbidity and health risks of NAFLD, the lack of effective cure has drawn great attention. In recent years, a line of evidence has suggested a close linkage between the intestine and liver diseases such as NAFLD. We summarized the composition and characteristics of intestinal microbes and reviewed molecular insights into the intestinal microbiome in development and progression of NAFLD. Intestinal microbes mainly include bacteria, archaea, viruses and fungi, and the crosstalk between non-bacterial intestinal microbes and human liver diseases should be paid more attention. Intestinal microbiota imbalance may not only increase the intestinal permeability to gut microbes but also lead to liver exposure to harmful substances that promote hepatic lipogenesis and fibrosis. Furthermore, we focused on reviewing the latest “gut–liver axis”-targeting treatment, including the application of antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, farnesoid X receptor agonists, bile acid sequestrants, gut-derived hormones, adsorbents and fecal microbiota transplantation for NAFLD. In this review, we also discussed the potential mechanisms of “gut–liver axis” manipulation and efficacy of these therapeutic strategies for NAFLD treatment.
Virtual setup in orthodontics: planning and evaluation
Authors: Baan F. , de Waard O. , Bruggink R. , Xi T. , Ongkosuwito E. M. , Maal T. J. J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical accuracy of virtual orthodontic setups by using a new CBCT-based approach.

Materials and methods
Ten patients who underwent pre-surgical orthodontics were included in this study. Pre-treatment and pre-surgical cone-beam CT (CBCT) scans and digital dental models were available. The pre-treatment digital dental model was used to create an orthodontic virtual setup. The digital dental models were fused with the corresponding CBCT scans, and the two CBCT scans were aligned using voxel-based matching. Moving each individual tooth from the virtual setup to the final outcome allows the calculation of the accuracy of the virtual setup by using an iterative closest point algorithm. Differences between virtual setup and final outcome were recorded as well as the ICC between two observers.

Results
The inter-observer variability showed a high level of agreement between the observers. The largest mean difference between observers was found in the cranial/caudal direction (0.36 ± 0.30 mm) and the roll rotation (1.54 ± 0.98°). Differences between the virtual setup and final outcome were small in the translational direction (0.45 ± 0.48 mm). Rotational mean differences were larger with the pitch of the incisors (0.00 ± 7.97°) and molars (0.01 ± 10.26°) as largest difference. Excessive extrusion of all upper teeth and more anterior movement than planned were seen for both upper and lower arch. Lower molars showed less extrusion.

Clinical relevance
The data of this study can be used to obtain more insight in the accuracy and achievability of orthodontic virtual setup. Tooth movement can now be studied in more details which can lead to new insights.
Stationary Schrödinger equation in the semi-classical limit: WKB-based scheme coupled to a turning point
Authors: Arnold Anton , Döpfner Kirian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the efficient numerical treatment of 1D stationary Schrödinger equations in the semi-classical limit when including a turning point of first order. As such it is an extension of the paper [3], where turning points still had to be excluded. For the considered scattering problems we show that the wave function asymptotically blows up at the turning point as the scaled Planck constant $$\varepsilon \rightarrow 0$$ε→0, which is a key challenge for the analysis. Assuming that the given potential is linear or quadratic in a small neighborhood of the turning point, the problem is analytically solvable on that subinterval in terms of Airy or parabolic cylinder functions, respectively. Away from the turning point, the analytical solution is coupled to a numerical solution that is based on a WKB-marching method—using a coarse grid even for highly oscillatory solutions. We provide an error analysis for the hybrid analytic-numerical problem up to the turning point (where the solution is asymptotically unbounded) and illustrate it in numerical experiments: if the phase of the problem is explicitly computable, the hybrid scheme is asymptotically correct w.r.t. $$\varepsilon $$ε. If the phase is obtained with a quadrature rule of, e.g., order 4, then the spatial grid size has the limitation $$h=\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon ^{7/12})$$h=O(ε7/12) which is slightly worse than the $$h=\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon ^{1/2})$$h=O(ε1/2) restriction in the case without a turning point.
Consumption of snacks and dental caries among Finnish young men: a cross-sectional epidemiological study
Authors: Tanner Tarja , Harju Laura , Päkkilä Jari , Patinen Pertti , Tjäderhane Leo , Anttonen Vuokko 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of consumption of snack products, as well as the association between snacking and restorative treatment need, and associated factors among a healthy Finnish male population. Approximately 8500 conscripts answered a computer-based questionnaire covering their snacking habits and other health behaviours. Restorative treatment need and history (DT, DMFT) were examined by trained and calibrated dentists. Cross-tabulations were used to investigate the associations between snacking habits and the other researched variables, and logistic regression analyses (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval) were used to investigate the variables influencing the restorative treatment need. In the present study, almost one-third of the study group consumed snack products daily, most often fizzy and energy drinks. Only 10% had received a diet counselling. The most common situations involving snacking were at the cinema and while playing computer games. According to Pearson’s Chi square test, snacking was associated with smoking and snuffing and infrequent tooth brushing (p < 0.001). According to the regression analyses, daily snacking, smoking, and doing exercise daily increased the odds for restorative treatment need whereas higher education level and tooth brushing twice or more often per day decreased the odds for restorative treatment need. It can be concluded that daily snacking is common among Finnish young men and is associated with restorative treatment need. Snacking is also associated with other harmful oral and general health habits. Individual dietary counselling should be routinely offered to everybody in dental clinics.
The potassium channel Kcne3 is a VEGFA-inducible gene selectively expressed by vascular endothelial tip cells
Authors: Deckelbaum Ron A. , Lobov Ivan B. , Cheung Eunice , Halasz Gabor , Rajamani Saathyaki , Lerner Julia , Tong Chunxiang , Li Zhe , Boland Patricia , Dominguez Melissa , Hughes Virginia , Yancopoulos George D. , Murphy Andrew J. , Thurston Gavin , Cao Jingtai , Romano Carmelo , Gale Nicholas W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAngiogenesis is largely driven by motile endothelial tip-cells capable of invading avascular tissue domains and enabling new vessel formation. Highly responsive to Vascular Endothelial Growth-Factor-A (VEGFA), endothelial tip-cells also suppress angiogenic sprouting in adjacent stalk cells, and thus have been a primary therapeutic focus in addressing neovascular pathologies. Surprisingly, however, there remains a paucity of specific endothelial tip-cell markers. Here, we employ transcriptional profiling and alacZreporter allele to identifyKcne3as an early and selective endothelial tip-cell marker in multiple angiogenic contexts. In development,Kcne3expression initiates during early phases of angiogenesis (E9) and remains specific to endothelial tip-cells, often adjacent to regions expressing VEGFA. Consistently,Kcne3activation is highly responsive to exogenous VEGFA but maintains tip-cell specificity throughout normal retinal angiogenesis. We also demonstrate endothelial tip-cell selectivity ofKcne3in several injury and tumor models. Together, our data show thatKcne3is a unique marker of sprouting angiogenic tip-cells and offers new opportunities for investigating and targeting this cell type.
Landscape of HIV Implementation Research Funded by the National Institutes of Health: A Mapping Review of Project Abstracts
Authors: Smith Justin D. , Li Dennis H. , Hirschhorn Lisa R. , Gallo Carlos , McNulty Moira , Phillips Gregory , Birkett Michelle , Rafferty Miriam , Rao Amrita , Villamar Juan A. , Baral Stefan , Mustanski Brian , Brown C. Hendricks , Benbow Nanette D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn 2019, the requisite biomedical and behavioral interventions to eliminate new HIV infections exist. “Ending the HIV Epidemic” now becomes primarily a challenge of will and implementation. This review maps the extent to which implementation research (IR) has been integrated into HIV research by reviewing the recent funding portfolio of the NIH. We searched NIH RePORTER for HIV and IR-related research projects funded from January 2013 to March 2018. The 4629 unique studies identified were screened using machine learning and manual methods. 216 abstracts met the eligibility criteria of HIV and IR. Key study characteristics were then abstracted. NIH currently funds HIV studies that are either formally IR (n = 109) or preparatory for IR (n = 107). Few (13%) projects mentioned a guiding implementation model, theory, or framework, and only 56% of all studies explicitly mentioned measuring an implementation outcome. Considering the study aims along an IR continuum, 18 (8%) studies examined barriers and facilitators, 43 (20%) developed implementation strategies, 46 (21%) piloted strategies, 73 (34%) tested a single strategy, and 35 (16%) compared strategies. A higher proportion of formal IR projects involved established interventions (e.g., integrated services) compared to newer interventions (e.g., pre-exposure prophylaxis). Prioritizing HIV-related IR in NIH and other federal funding opportunity announcements and expanded training in implementation science could have a substantial impact on ending the HIV pandemic. This review serves as a baseline by which to compare funding patterns and the sophistication of IR in HIV research over time.
Students’ Creative Process in Mathematics: Insights from Eye-Tracking-Stimulated Recall Interview on Students’ Work on Multiple Solution Tasks
Authors: Schindler Maike , Lilienthal Achim J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStudents’ creative process in mathematics is increasingly gaining significance in mathematics education research. Researchers often use Multiple Solution Tasks (MSTs) to foster and evaluate students’ mathematical creativity. Yet, research so far predominantly had a product-view and focused on solutions rather than the process leading to creative insights. The question remains unclear how students’ process solving MSTs looks like—and if existing models to describe (creative) problem solving can capture this process adequately. This article presents an explorative, qualitative case study, which investigates the creative process of a school student, David. Using eye-tracking technology and a stimulated recall interview, we trace David’s creative process. Our findings indicate what phases his creative process in the MST involves, how new ideas emerge, and in particular where illumination is situated in this process. Our case study illustrates that neither existing models on the creative process, nor on problem solving capture David’s creative process fully, indicating the need to partially rethink students’ creative process in MSTs.
Niche-related outcomes after caesarean section and quality of life: a focus group study and review of literature
Authors: Stegwee Sanne I. , Beij Astrid , de Leeuw Robert A. , Mokkink Lidwine B. , van der Voet Lucet F. , Huirne Judith A. F. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
A niche in the uterus, present in 60% of women after caesarean section (CS), is associated with several gynaecological symptoms and possibly with subfertility. Studies that focus on quality of life (QoL) in relation to a niche are lacking.

Purpose
To identify niche-related outcomes that influence QoL and to compare patient-reported outcomes with outcomes studied in the literature.

Methods
Two focus group discussions (FGDs, N = 8 and 5) were conducted in Amsterdam UMC—location VUmc. Participants were Dutch patients with a large niche, with (planned) surgical treatment for their symptoms. Niche-related symptoms and impact on functioning or participation were fixed topics. The transcripts of the FGDs were coded into outcomes, themes and domains of QoL according to the WHOQOL model. Additionally, participants created a top five important outcomes. Next, we performed a systematic review (SR) on niche-related outcomes and compared the FGDs with niche-related outcomes from the SR.

Results
In four domains (physical health, psychological domain, social relationships and environment), fifteen themes were reported in the FGDs. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), subfertility, sexual activity, abdominal pain and self-esteem were themes prioritised by participants. In the literature, gynaecological symptoms and reproductive outcomes were predominantly studied. Sexuality and self-esteem were prioritised in the FGDs but hardly or never studied in the literature.

Conclusion
We found a broad range of niche-related outcomes influencing QoL. Apart from symptoms evaluated in the literature such as AUB, abdominal pain and subfertility, clinicians and researchers should be more aware of sexual activity and self-esteem in this population.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Job Satisfaction During a Recession in the Netherlands
Authors: Pilipiec Patrick , Groot Wim , Pavlova Milena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBetween 2008 and 2013, the Netherlands was confronted by a severe recession. This recession may have affected the job satisfaction of workers. Currently, little is known about how job satisfaction changes during a recession. To investigate the effect of the 2008–2013 recession on job satisfaction in the Netherlands, and to assess how job satisfaction changed over time. Longitudinal data from six waves of a national panel in the Netherlands are used to investigate the effects. These data capture the periods before, during and after the recession. A Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition technique is used to decompose the ordinal outcome variable job satisfaction. Subsequent waves are compared, which results in five comparison groups. Workers who participated in subsequent waves are matched to assess their job satisfaction over time. Cross-sectional associations are analyzed using the entire unmatched dataset. Workers became more satisfied with their job during the recession. After the recession ended, average job satisfaction decreased again. Both unmatched and matched analyses indicated only changes in job level affecting job satisfaction. The coefficient of education had a small effect cross-sectionally. The level of education and industry had a small effect longitudinally. However, these effects were not robust. Job satisfaction decreased before the recession commenced but increased during the recession. After the recession, job satisfaction decreased again. An increase in job satisfaction during the recession may be explained by a change in the composition of workers with respect to job level, instead of by the effect of predictors.
Survey on deep learning for pulmonary medical imaging
Authors: Ma Jiechao , Song Yang , Tian Xi , Hua Yiting , Zhang Rongguo , Wu Jianlin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs a promising method in artificial intelligence, deep learning has been proven successful in several domains ranging from acoustics and images to natural language processing. With medical imaging becoming an important part of disease screening and diagnosis, deep learning-based approaches have emerged as powerful techniques in medical image areas. In this process, feature representations are learned directly and automatically from data, leading to remarkable breakthroughs in the medical field. Deep learning has been widely applied in medical imaging for improved image analysis. This paper reviews the major deep learning techniques in this time of rapid evolution and summarizes some of its key contributions and state-of-the-art outcomes. The topics include classification, detection, and segmentation tasks on medical image analysis with respect to pulmonary medical images, datasets, and benchmarks. A comprehensive overview of these methods implemented on various lung diseases consisting of pulmonary nodule diseases, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, and interstitial lung disease is also provided. Lastly, the application of deep learning techniques to the medical image and an analysis of their future challenges and potential directions are discussed.
Relationship Between Measures of Cerebrovascular Reactivity and Intracranial Lesion Progression in Acute TBI Patients: an Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Mathieu François , Zeiler Frederick A. , Whitehouse Daniel P. , Das Tilak , Ercole Ari , Smielewski Peter , Hutchinson Peter J. , Czosnyka Marek , Newcombe Virginia F. J. , Menon David K. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Failure of cerebral autoregulation and progression of intracranial lesion have both been shown to contribute to poor outcome in patients with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the interplay between the two phenomena has not been investigated. Preliminary evidence leads us to hypothesize that brain tissue adjacent to primary injury foci may be more vulnerable to large fluctuations in blood flow in the absence of intact autoregulatory mechanisms. The goal of this study was therefore to assess the influence of cerebrovascular reactivity measures on radiological lesion expansion in a cohort of patients with acute TBI.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis on 50 TBI patients who had undergone high-frequency multimodal intracranial monitoring and for which at least two brain computed tomography (CT) scans had been performed in the acute phase of injury. We first performed univariate analyses on the full cohort to identify non-neurophysiological factors (i.e., initial lesion volume, timing of scan, coagulopathy) associated with traumatic lesion growth in this population. In a subset analysis of 23 patients who had intracranial recording data covering the period between the initial and repeat CT scan, we then correlated changes in serial volumetric lesion measurements with cerebrovascular reactivity metrics derived from the pressure reactivity index (PRx), pulse amplitude index (PAx), and RAC (correlation coefficient between the pulse amplitude of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure). Using multivariate methods, these results were subsequently adjusted for the non-neurophysiological confounders identified in the univariate analyses.

Results
We observed significant positive linear associations between the degree of cerebrovascular reactivity impairment and progression of pericontusional edema. The strongest correlations were observed between edema progression and the following indices of cerebrovascular reactivity between sequential scans: % time PRx > 0.25 (r = 0.69, p = 0.002) and % time PAx > 0.25 (r = 0.64, p = 0.006). These associations remained significant after adjusting for initial lesion volume and mean cerebral perfusion pressure. In contrast, progression of the hemorrhagic core and extra-axial hemorrhage volume did not appear to be strongly influenced by autoregulatory status.

Conclusions
Our preliminary findings suggest a possible link between autoregulatory failure and traumatic edema progression, which warrants re-evaluation in larger-scale prospective studies.