bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early recovery in the first 24 months of treatment in first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorders
Authors: Phahladira Lebogang , Luckhoff Hilmar K. , Asmal Laila , Kilian Sanja , Scheffler Frederika , Plessis Stefan du , Chiliza Bonginkosi , Emsley Robin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStudies assessing the treatment outcomes in first-episode schizophrenia have reported mixed results. While symptom improvement is frequently robust, when other domains are considered outcomes are generally poorer. We explored response trajectories, rates and predictors of recovery in the domains of core psychopathology, clinician-rated social and occupational functioning and patient-rated quality of life over 24 months of treatment in 98 patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders who were treated with a long-acting antipsychotic medication. There was robust improvement in core psychopathology (effect size d = 3.36) and functionality (d = 1.78), with most improvement occurring within the first six months of treatment. In contrast, improvement in subjective quality of life was less marked (d = 0.37) and slower, only reaching significance after 12 months of treatment. Symptom remission was achieved by 70% of patients and over half met our criteria for functional remission and good quality of life. However, only 29% met the full criteria for recovery. Patients who met the recovery criteria had better premorbid adjustment, were less likely to be of mixed ethnicity and substance use emerged as the only modifiable predictor of recovery. Only 9% of our sample achieved both functional remission and good quality of life despite not being in symptom remission. We found high rates of symptom remission, functional remission and good quality of life in patients, although relatively few achieved recovery by meeting all three of the outcome criteria. Symptom remission is not a necessary prerequisite for functional remission and good quality of life, although few non-remitters achieve other recovery criteria.
Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries
Authors:   Local Burden of Disease Child Growth Failure Collaborators
Published: January 2020

AbstractChildhood malnutrition is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally1. Undernourished children are more likely to experience cognitive, physical, and metabolic developmental impairments that can lead to later cardiovascular disease, reduced intellectual ability and school attainment, and reduced economic productivity in adulthood2. Child growth failure (CGF), expressed as stunting, wasting, and underweight in children under five years of age (0–59 months), is a specific subset of undernutrition characterized by insufficient height or weight against age-specific growth reference standards3–5. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, or underweight in children under five is the proportion of children with a height-for-age, weight-for-height, or weight-for-agez-score, respectively, that is more than two standard deviations below the World Health Organization’s median growth reference standards for a healthy population6. Subnational estimates of CGF report substantial heterogeneity within countries, but are available primarily at the first administrative level (for example, states or provinces)7; the uneven geographical distribution of CGF has motivated further calls for assessments that can match the local scale of many public health programmes8. Building from our previous work mapping CGF in Africa9, here we provide the first, to our knowledge, mapped high-spatial-resolution estimates of CGF indicators from 2000 to 2017 across 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 99% of affected children live1, aggregated to policy-relevant first and second (for example, districts or counties) administrative-level units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period, many LMICs remain far from the ambitious World Health Organization Global Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large disparities in prevalence and progress exist across and within countries; our maps identify high-prevalence areas even within nations otherwise succeeding in reducing overall CGF prevalence. By highlighting where the highest-need populations reside, these geospatial estimates can support policy-makers in planning interventions that are adapted locally and in efficiently directing resources towards reducing CGF and its health implications.
A global database for metacommunity ecology, integrating species, traits, environment and space
Authors: Jeliazkov Alienor , Mijatovic Darko , Chantepie Stéphane , Andrew Nigel , Arlettaz Raphaël , Barbaro Luc , Barsoum Nadia , Bartonova Alena , Belskaya Elena , Bonada Núria , Brind’Amour Anik , Carvalho Rodrigo , Castro Helena , Chmura Damian , Choler Philippe , Chong-Seng Karen , Cleary Daniel , Cormont Anouk , Cornwell William , de Campos Ramiro , de Voogd Nicole , Doledec Sylvain , Drew Joshua , Dziock Frank , Eallonardo Anthony , Edgar Melanie J. , Farneda Fábio , Hernandez Domingo Flores , Frenette-Dussault Cédric , Fried Guillaume , Gallardo Belinda , Gibb Heloise , Gonçalves-Souza Thiago , Higuti Janet , Humbert Jean-Yves , Krasnov Boris R. , Saux Eric Le , Lindo Zoe , Lopez-Baucells Adria , Lowe Elizabeth , Marteinsdottir Bryndis , Martens Koen , Meffert Peter , Mellado-Díaz Andres , Menz Myles H. M. , Meyer Christoph F. J. , Miranda Julia Ramos , Mouillot David , Ossola Alessandro , Pakeman Robin , Pavoine Sandrine , Pekin Burak , Pino Joan , Pocheville Arnaud , Pomati Francesco , Poschlod Peter , Prentice Honor C. , Purschke Oliver , Raevel Valerie , Reitalu Triin , Renema Willem , Ribera Ignacio , Robinson Natalie , Robroek Bjorn , Rocha Ricardo , Shieh Sen-Her , Spake Rebecca , Staniaszek-Kik Monika , Stanko Michal , Tejerina-Garro Francisco Leonardo , Braak Cajo ter , Urban Mark C. , Klink Roel van , Villéger Sébastien , Wegman Ruut , Westgate Martin J. , Wolff Jonas , Żarnowiec Jan , Zolotarev Maxim , Chase Jonathan M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe use of functional information in the form of species traits plays an important role in explaining biodiversity patterns and responses to environmental changes. Although relationships between species composition, their traits, and the environment have been extensively studied on a case-by-case basis, results are variable, and it remains unclear how generalizable these relationships are across ecosystems, taxa and spatial scales. To address this gap, we collated 80 datasets from trait-based studies into a global database formetaCommunity Ecology: Species, Traits, Environment and Space; “CESTES”. Each dataset includes four matrices: species community abundances or presences/absences across multiple sites, species trait information, environmental variables and spatial coordinates of the sampling sites. The CESTES database is a live database: it will be maintained and expanded in the future as new datasets become available. By its harmonized structure, and the diversity of ecosystem types, taxonomic groups, and spatial scales it covers, the CESTES database provides an important opportunity for synthetic trait-based research in community ecology.
De novo transcriptome assembly and annotation for gene discovery in avocado, macadamia and mango
Authors: Chabikwa Tinashe G. , Barbier Francois F. , Tanurdzic Milos , Beveridge Christine A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAvocado (Persea americana Mill.), macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia L.) and mango (Mangifera indica L.) are important subtropical tree species grown for their edible fruits and nuts. Despite their commercial and nutritional importance, the genomic information for these species is largely lacking. Here we report the generation of avocado, macadamia and mango transcriptome assemblies from pooled leaf, stem, bud, root, floral and fruit/nut tissue. Using normalized cDNA libraries, we generated comprehensive RNA-Seq datasets from which we assembled 63420, 78871 and 82198 unigenes of avocado, macadamia and mango, respectively using a combination of de novo transcriptome assembly and redundancy reduction. These unigenes were functionally annotated using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) to query the Universal Protein Resource Knowledgebase (UniProtKB). A workflow encompassing RNA extraction, library preparation, transcriptome assembly, redundancy reduction, assembly validation and annotation is provided. This study provides avocado, macadamia and mango transcriptome and annotation data, which is valuable for gene discovery and gene expression profiling experiments as well as ongoing and future genome annotation and marker development applications.
Vitamin D supplementation does not prevent the recurrence of Graves’ disease
Authors: Cho Yoon Young , Chung Yun Jae 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent literature has reported a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among people with Graves’ disease. No study has examined the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the clinical outcomes of Graves’ disease. We aimed to evaluate whether daily vitamin D supplementation reduces Graves’ disease recurrence. We enrolled 210 subjects with Graves’ disease and vitamin D deficiency and followed them for at least one year after anti-thyroid drug (ATD) discontinuation. Among 210 individuals, 60 (29%) were amenable to taking vitamin D supplements, resulting in sufficient vitamin D levels (from 10.6 to 25.7 ng/mL), whereas the mean vitamin D level was 11.6 ng/mL in the 150 patients who did not take vitamin D supplements. The recurrence rate was similar in both groups (38% vs. 49%, P = 0.086). However, recurrence occurred earlier in the latter group (7 months vs. 5 months, P = 0.016). In the multivariate analysis, vitamin D levels and TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) titers at ATD discontinuation remained significant factors for recurrence. Vitamin D levels and TBII titers at ATD discontinuation exhibited a weak negative correlation (R = −0.143, P = 0.041). Vitamin D supplementation might have a protective effect against Graves’ disease recurrence with a borderline significant recurrence rate reduction.
A cross-category puffing topography, mouth level exposure and consumption study among Italian users of tobacco and nicotine products
Authors: Jones Joshua , Slayford Sandra , Gray Adam , Brick Kathryn , Prasad Krishna , Proctor Christopher 
Published: January 2020

AbstractActual use studies play a key part in evaluating the reduced risk potential of tobacco and nicotine products. This study was undertaken to determine the puffing topography, mouth level exposure (MLE) and average daily consumption (ADC) relating to two commercially available tobacco heating products (THPs) and a prototype electronic cigarette (or e-cigarette) among Italian non-mentholated 7 mg ISO tar cigarette smokers. The study was conducted in Milan, Italy, with three groups of approximately 50 participants. Groups 1 and 3 included adult smokers of 7 mg ISO tar tobacco cigarettes, and Group 2 consisted of both solus vapers and dual users of vapour and tobacco products. Amongst smokers, e-cigarette mean puff volumes (41.6 mL vs 41.3 mL) and mean puff durations (1.4 s vs 1.5 s) were similar to that of the cigarette, although the average usage session was significantly longer (1064.8 s vs 289.5 s) with a higher total number of puffs (58.6 vs 17.3), however this may be attributable to differences in product operation. There were no significant differences across puffing topography measurements observed between smokers (Group 1) and regular vapers/dual users (Group 2) when using the e-cigarette. As consistent with previous research, users took, on average, larger mean puff volumes when using a THP compared to the reference cigarette (C651), although puff numbers and puff durations remained similar. The average interval between puffs was considerably shorter for THP1.0(T) compared to THS2.4(T) (11.0 s vs 17.1 s). MLE to nicotine-free dry particulate matter and nicotine was significantly reduced for THP1.0(T) and THS2.4(T) compared to the tobacco cigarette (C651). MLE to nicotine was also significantly reduced for the e-cigarette (IS1.0(T)) compared to C651. The average daily consumption (ADC) of cigarettes by groups 1 and 3 were higher than the respective ADCs of both THP consumables. There were no significant differences in ADC when comparing the same product between different groups. Differences seen between sensory scores for each of the product categories may be attributed to fundamental differences in design and mode of operation resulting in very different characteristics of the aerosol generated.
MicroRNA-96-5p represses breast cancer proliferation and invasion through Wnt/β-catenin signaling via targeting CTNND1
Authors: Gao Xiao-hui , Zhang Ya-li , Zhang Zhi-ye , Guo Shuang-shuang , Chen Xiao-bing , Guo Yan-zhen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLow miR-96-5p expression is characteristic of many cancers but its role in breast cancer (BCa) remains poorly defined. Here, the role of miR-96-5p in BC development was assessed. We demonstrate that exogenously expressing miR-96-5p inhibits the proliferative, migratory and invasive capacity of BCa cells. Mechanistically, miR-96-5p in BCa cells was found to target and downregulate catenin delta 1 (CTNND1) leading to decreased β-catenin expression, a loss of WNT11 signaling, reduced cyclin D1 levels and lower MMP7 expression. Exogenously expressing CTNND1 alleviated these effects. In summary, we are the first to reveal that miR-96-5p inhibits the proliferative, invasive and migratory phenotypes of BCa cells the targeting of CTNND1 and subsequent Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These data highlight miR-96-5p as a novel target for BC treatment.
Effect of introducing frogs and fish on soil phosphorus availability dynamics and their relationship with rice yield in paddy fields
Authors: Lin Kaimiao , Wu Jianping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe long-term impacts of introducing frogs and fish on rice yield and soil P availability are largely underestimated and undervalued. A 9-year field experiment compared the soil phosphorus fraction dynamics and their relationship with rice yield in rice-frog-fish (RFF) cultures, rice-fish (RF) cultures and rice-only (RO) cultures in southeastern China paddy fields. The yields in the RFF and RF cultures were notably higher than those in the RO culture, by 22.1% and 6.8%, respectively. Soil total P ranged from 345.5 to 385.6 mg kg−1 among all the farming systems, with the smallest amount found in the RO culture. There were only slight changes in the distribution of soil phosphorus fractions with time. The concentrations of NaHCO3-Pi and NaHCO3-Po were significantly higher in the RFF and RF cultures compared with those in the RO culture, and most of the NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po fractions were greater in the RFF and RF cultures compared with those in the RO culture. The rice grain yield was significantly correlated with labile P and slowly cycling P. Introducing frogs and fish might be useful for increasing soil active P supplies and meeting rice nutrient requirements. This study concluded that RFF is the best practice for improving rice grain yields and soil fertility in paddy fields.
Re-epithelialization and immune cell behaviour in an ex vivo human skin model
Authors: Rakita Ana , Nikolić Nenad , Mildner Michael , Matiasek Johannes , Elbe-Bürger Adelheid 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA large body of literature is available on wound healing in humans. Nonetheless, a standardizedex vivowound model without disruption of the dermal compartment has not been put forward with compelling justification. Here, we present a novel wound model based on application of negative pressure and its effects for epidermal regeneration and immune cell behaviour. Importantly, the basement membrane remained intact after blister roof removal and keratinocytes were absent in the wounded area. Upon six days of culture, the wound was covered with one to three-cell thick K14+Ki67+keratinocyte layers, indicating that proliferation and migration were involved in wound closure. After eight to twelve days, a multi-layered epidermis was formed expressing epidermal differentiation markers (K10, filaggrin, DSG-1, CDSN). Investigations about immune cell-specific manners revealed more T cells in the blister roof epidermis compared to normal epidermis. We identified several cell populations in blister roof epidermis and suction blister fluid that are absent in normal epidermis which correlated with their decrease in the dermis, indicating a dermal efflux upon negative pressure. Together, our model recapitulates the main features of epithelial wound regeneration, and can be applied for testing wound healing therapies and investigating underlying mechanisms.
Copy number gains of the putative CRKL oncogene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma result in strong nuclear expression of the protein and influence cell proliferation and migration
Authors: Kostrzewska-Poczekaj Magdalena , Bednarek Kinga , Jarmuz-Szymczak Malgorzata , Bodnar Magdalena , Filas Violeta , Marszalek Andrzej , Bartochowska Anna , Grenman Reidar , Kiwerska Katarzyna , Szyfter Krzysztof , Giefing Maciej 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is a major medical problem worldwide. Although our understanding of genetic changes and their consequences in laryngeal cancer has opened new therapeutic pathways over the years, the diagnostic as well as treatment options still need to be improved. In our previous study, we identified CRKL (22q11) as a novel putative oncogene overexpressed and amplified in a subset of LSCC tumors and cell lines. Here we analyze to what extent CRKL DNA copy number gains correlate with the higher expression of CRKL protein by performing IHC staining of the respective protein in LSCC cell lines (n = 3) and primary tumors (n = 40). Moreover, the importance of CRKL gene in regard to proliferation and motility of LSCC cells was analyzed with the application of RNA interference (siRNA). Beside the physiological cytoplasmic expression, the analysis of LSCC tumor samples revealed also nuclear expression of CRKL protein in 10/40 (25%) cases, of which three (7.5%), presented moderate or strong nuclear expression. Similarly, we observed a shift towards aberrantly strong nuclear abundance of the CRKL protein in LSCC cell lines with gene copy number amplifications. Moreover, siRNA mediated silencing of CRKL gene in the cell lines showing its overexpression, significantly reduced proliferation (p < 0.01) as well as cell migration (p < 0.05) rates. Altogether, these results show that the aberrantly strong nuclear localization of CRKL is a seldom but recurrent phenomenon in LSCC resulting from the increased DNA copy number and overexpression of the gene. Moreover, functional analyses suggest that proliferation and migration of the tumor cells depend on CRKL expression.
Assessing the Potential Distribution of Asian Gypsy Moth in Canada: A Comparison of Two Methodological Approaches
Authors: Srivastava Vivek , Griess Verena C. , Keena Melody A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) is one of the world’s worst hardwood defoliating invasive alien species. It is currently spreading across North America, damaging forest ecosystems and posing a significant economic threat. Two subspecies L. d. asiatica and L. d. japonica, collectively referred to as Asian gypsy moth (AGM) are of special concern as they have traits that make them better invaders than their European counterpart (e.g. flight capability of females). We assessed the potential distribution of AGM in Canada using two presence-only species distribution models, Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) and Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction (GARP). In addition, we mapped AGM potential future distribution under two climate change scenarios (A1B and A2) while implementing dispersal constraints using the cellular automation model MigClim. MaxEnt had higher AUC, pAUC and sensitivity scores (0.82/1.40/1.00) when compared to GARP (0.70/1.26/0.9), indicating better discrimination of suitable versus unsuitable areas for AGM. The models indicated that suitable conditions for AGM were present in the provinces of British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. The human influence index was the variable found to contribute the most in predicting the distribution of AGM. These model results can be used to identify areas at risk for this pest, to inform strategic and tactical pest management decisions.
An evolutionarily conserved iron-sulfur cluster underlies redox sensory function of the Chloroplast Sensor Kinase
Authors: Ibrahim Iskander M. , Wu Huan , Ezhov Roman , Kayanja Gilbert E. , Zakharov Stanislav D. , Du Yanyan , Tao Weiguo Andy , Pushkar Yulia , Cramer William A. , Puthiyaveetil Sujith 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhotosynthetic efficiency depends on equal light energy conversion by two spectrally distinct, serially-connected photosystems. The redox state of the plastoquinone pool, located between the two photosystems, is a key regulatory signal that initiates acclimatory changes in the relative abundance of photosystems. The Chloroplast Sensor Kinase (CSK) links the plastoquinone redox signal with photosystem gene expression but the mechanism by which it monitors the plastoquinone redox state is unclear. Here we show that the purified Arabidopsis and Phaeodactylum CSK and the cyanobacterial CSK homologue, Histidine kinase 2 (Hik2), are iron-sulfur proteins. The Fe-S cluster of CSK is further revealed to be a high potential redox-responsive [3Fe-4S] center. CSK responds to redox agents with reduced plastoquinone suppressing its autokinase activity. Redox changes within the CSK iron-sulfur cluster translate into conformational changes in the protein fold. These results provide key insights into redox signal perception and propagation by the CSK-based chloroplast two-component system.
Deep learning for detecting retinal detachment and discerning macular status using ultra-widefield fundus images
Authors: Li Zhongwen , Guo Chong , Nie Danyao , Lin Duoru , Zhu Yi , Chen Chuan , Wu Xiaohang , Xu Fabao , Jin Chenjin , Zhang Xiayin , Xiao Hui , Zhang Kai , Zhao Lanqin , Yan Pisong , Lai Weiyi , Li Jianyin , Feng Weibo , Li Yonghao , Wei Ting Daniel Shu , Lin Haotian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRetinal detachment can lead to severe visual loss if not treated timely. The early diagnosis of retinal detachment can improve the rate of successful reattachment and the visual results, especially before macular involvement. Manual retinal detachment screening is time-consuming and labour-intensive, which is difficult for large-scale clinical applications. In this study, we developed a cascaded deep learning system based on the ultra-widefield fundus images for automated retinal detachment detection and macula-on/off retinal detachment discerning. The performance of this system is reliable and comparable to an experienced ophthalmologist. In addition, this system can automatically provide guidance to patients regarding appropriate preoperative posturing to reduce retinal detachment progression and the urgency of retinal detachment repair. The implementation of this system on a global scale may drastically reduce the extent of vision impairment resulting from retinal detachment by providing timely identification and referral.