bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of pattern and duration of university question papers in anatomy
Authors: S. Viveka , J. Sudha M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract:
Background and objectives: Assessment drives learning. Theory summative assessment must be aligned to curricular goals. There is wide disparity in the total marks for which the examination is conducted and total duration of time of examination. The main objective of this study is to report differences in summative assessments in anatomy subject conducted by universities with respect to maximum time, maximum marks, syllabus distribution of papers, assessment of diagram drawing abilities and emphasis on clinical anatomy. Methodology: During August 2018, an extensive search for the syllabus/curriculum document will was in the internet. In the respective university websites, the document with names 'MBBS syllabus' or possible documents with syllabus details of medical undergraduate anatomy subject were searched. Results: Information from 25 different universities conducting undergraduate MBBS degree programs were evaluated. Out of these universities, sixteen universities conduct summative exam for 3 hours. Eight universities conduct exams for 2.5 hours. State universities of Punjab, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu conduct anatomy exams for 50 marks with 3 hour duration. Whereas, state universities of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Assam and Odisha conduct exams for 50 marks in 2 lA hours. JIPMER, Pondicherry has two-hour exam for fifty marks. Only Karnataka universities [including Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences and three other deemed to be universities] and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh conduct exams for 100 marks in 3 hours. Twenty-one universities have above diaphragm syllabus in paper 1 and below diaphragm in paper 2. Conclusion: It is the need of the hour to have a uniform, structured, objective and rationale summative assessments in anatomy.
Analyzing the relative efficiency of China’s Yangtze River port system
Authors: Ye Shilin , Qi Xinhua , Xu Yecheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn spite of the rapid growth of the Yangtze River port system (YRPS) in recent years, knowledge regarding the efficiency characteristics of these ports along the Yangtze River is still limited. This article evaluates the relative efficiency of 22 major ports along the Yangtze River from 2010 to 2016 by using the novel super slacks-based measure (super-SBM) model and the Malmquist productivity index. The YRPS showed a relatively low level of average technical efficiency in 2016, and the technical efficiency values of these ports increased generally from upstream to downstream. In terms of returns to scale, the ports of Shanghai, Nantong, and Suzhou should pay attention to resource allocation, technological advancement, and institutional innovation in the future. The remaining 19 ports, however, should increase investment in the optimization of production-capacity structures, the upgrading of terminal equipment, the improvement of consolidation and distribution systems, channel regulation, and information sharing among terminals. Our results also show that the production technology, resource utilization, enterprise management, and scale economies of the YRPS improved during 2010–2016, and this significantly enhanced the total factor productivity (TFP). Based on these findings, we propose several development strategies for the YRPS, such as improving the consolidation and distribution systems of ports, encouraging the cross-regional integration of port and shipping enterprises, strengthening the coconstruction and sharing of infrastructure, and optimizing the hub-and-spoke network of the YRPS.
The anatomical foundations of language dominance
Authors: Cappa Stefano F. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The evidence about asymmetries between the two hemispheres in human and non-human species may contribute to the
current debate about language evolution. Here I present a selective review of the available data, limited to the macroscopic and
microscopic anatomy of the main language areas. Both post-mortem and imaging studies confirm the presence of a leftward asymmetry
in the Planum Temporale (PT) region in humans; in the case of Broca’s area the evidence is less consistent. The
data about non-human primates also support the presence of a leftward asymmetry of the PT area in apes and monkeys. Studies on
large populations, combining quantitative structural imaging of cortex and white matter, functional imaging measures during
language tasks, and detailed assessments of handedness are needed to assess the relevance of comparative brain anatomy data to the
investigation of language evolution.
Ethnodiachrony, Buddhism, and ethnicity
Authors: Pain Frederic 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe paper focuses on how ethnicity is constructed and negotiated as well as on how it surfaces through language convergence. The paper aims to demonstrate that, in the very specific Khmer case, dialect convergences cannot be explained through an exclusive internal analysis of the linguistic system that would dismiss the comprehension of the anthropological environment. It is shown that external anthropological factors bound to ethnicity are to be taken into account in the understanding of dialect convergences.
Towards a new scale for assessing attitudes towards social robots
Authors: Flensborg Damholdt Malene , Vestergaard Christina , Nørskov Marco , Hakli Raul , Larsen Stefan , Seibt Johanna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground:The surge in the development of social robots gives rise to an increased need for systematic methods of assessing attitudes towards robots.Aim:This study presents the development of a questionnaire for assessing attitudinal stance towards social robots: the ASOR.Methods:The 37-item ASOR questionnaire was developed by a task-force with members from different disciplines. It was founded on theoretical considerations of how social robots could influence five different aspects of relatedness.Results:Three hundred thirty-nine people responded to the survey. Factor analysis of the ASOR yielded a three-factor solution consisting of a total of 25 items: “ascription of mental capacities”, “ascription of socio-practical capacities”, and “ascription of socio-moral status”. This data was further triangulated with data from interviews (n = 10).Conclusion:the ASOR allows for assessment of three distinct facets of ascription of capacities to social robots and offers a new type of assessment of attitudes towards social robots. It appeared that ASOR not only assesses ascription of capacities to social robots but it also gauged overall positive attitudes towards social robots.
How does environmental concern influence public acceptability of congestion charging? Evidence from Beijing
Authors: Ma Hua , He Guizhen 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
As a market-based instrument of transportation demand management, congestion charge can not only effectively reduce traffic congestion, but also improve air quality. However, due to its low public acceptability, this policy only has a few urban practices. As one of the fast-growing metropolises in emerging economies that are facing both traffic congestion and industrial pollution problems, Beijing is now considering the feasibility of implementing congestion charging. Some researchers address that though people with strong environmental concerns are more prone to support congestion charges, the associations between environmental concerns and support for congestion charges are context-dependent. A survey was conducted in Beijing in 2016 to understand how the pollution context in cities of emerging economies affects these associations. We find that the acceptability in Beijing is 33%, and expected policy effects and environmental concerns are the most important impact factors. Due to the influence of the regional industrial pollution context, most residents in Beijing do not consider congestion charge to be an effective way to tackle air pollution. Under these circumstances, even if the public environmental concerns, in general, are high and congestion charges are “marketed” as environmental policies, there is no guarantee that policy support will rise.
Photometric investigation on the W-subtype contact binary V1197 Her
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Soonthornthum Boonrucksar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMulti-color light curves of V1197 Her were obtained with the 2.4 meter optical telescope at the Thai National Observatory and the Wilson-Devinney (W-D) program was used to model the observational light curves. The photometric solutions reveal that V1197 Her is a W-subtype shallow contact binary system with a mass ratio ofq= 2.61 and a fill-out factor off= 15.7%. The temperature difference between the primary star and secondary star is only 140 K in spite of the low degree of contact, which means that V1197 Her is not only in geometrical contact configuration but is also already under thermal contact status. The orbital inclination of V1197 Her is as high asi= 82.7°, and the primary star is completely eclipsed at the primary minimum. The totally eclipsing characteristic implies that the determined physical parameters are highly reliable. The masses, radii and luminosities of the primary star (star 1) and secondary star (star 2) are estimated to beM1= 0.30(1)M⊙,M2= 0.77(2)M⊙,R1= 0.54(1)R⊙,R2= 0.83(1)R⊙,L1= 0.18(1)L⊙andL2= 0.38(1)L⊙. The evolutionary statuses of the two component stars are drawn in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, showing that the less massive but hotter primary star is more evolved than the secondary star. The period of V1197 Her is decreasing continuously at a rate ofdP/dt= −2.58 × 10−7day · year−1, which can be explained by mass transfer from the more massive star to the less massive one at a rate ofdM2dt=−1.61×10−7M⊙year−1. The light curves of V1197 Her are reported to show the O'Connell effect. Thus, a cool spot is added to the more massive star to model the asymmetry in the light curves.
Neutrino luminosity of stars with different masses
Authors: Shi Yang , Xue Xun , Zhu Chun-Hua , Wang Zhao-Jun , Liu He-Lei , Li Lin , Lü Guo-Liang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Neutrinos play an important role in stellar evolution. They are produced by nuclear reactions or thermal processes. Using the stellar evolution code Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA), we study stellar neutrino luminosity with different masses. The neutrino luminosities of stars with different initial masses at different evolutionary stages are simulated. We find that the neutrino flux of a star with 1 M
⊙ mass at an evolutionary age of 4.61 × 109 yr is consistent with that of the Sun. In general, neutrinos are produced by nuclear reactions, and the neutrino luminosity of stars is about one or two magnitudes lower than the photo luminosity. However, neutrino luminosity can exceed photo luminosity during the helium flash which can occur for stars with a mass lower than 8 M
⊙. Although the helium flash does not produce neutrinos, plasma decay, one of the thermal processes, can efficiently make neutrinos during this stage. Due to the high mass-loss rate, a star with a mass of 9 M
⊙ does not undergo the helium flash. Its neutrinos mainly originate from nuclear reactions until the end of the AGB stage. At the end of the AGB stage, its neutrino luminosity results from plasma decay which is triggered by the gravitational energy release because of the stellar core contracting.
Active sub-reflector research for a large radio telescope
Authors: Wang Jin-Qing , Zhao Rong-Bin , Jiang Yong-Chen , Sun Zheng-Xiong , Yu Lin-Feng , Fu Li , Liu Qin-Hui , Zheng Wei-Min , Shen Zhi-Qiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes an active sub-reflector suitable for large radio telescopes, which can compensate both of the deformation of the main reflector and sub-reflector position offsets. The mathematical formula of the main reflector deformation compensated by the sub-reflector is deduced based on Cassegrain and Gregory antenna structures. The position of the sub-reflector is adjustable to compensate for defocusing errors on high and low elevations, which are mainly caused by the deformation of the sub-reflector supporting legs. In this paper, the method of obtaining the optimum position of the sub-reflector from the aperture phase by the interferometric method is introduced. The actual measurement is verified on the Tianma 65m radio telescope, which provides a new way to diagnose the position error of the sub-reflector.
Assessing the effect of the urban morphology on the ambient air temperature of urban street canyons under different meteorological conditions. Application in residential areas of Thessaloniki, Greece
Authors: Tsoka S , Tsikaloudaki K , Theodosiou T , Bikas D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of the morphological characteristics of 4 urban districts in Thessaloniki, Greece on the vertical profile of the Tair inside the various urban canyons under different meteorological conditions. ENVI-met v.4 microclimate simulations are conducted for the 4 selected case study areas, while different meteorological boundary conditions are also considered. The obtained simulation results generally suggest significant differentiations on the local climatic conditions throughout the year, due to the diverse morphological characteristics. The analysis of the vertical Tair profile, revealed low deviations during night-time and peak deviations at noon. The maximum Tair discrepancies among all areas have been mainly attributed to the different amounts of solar radiation, received by the canyons’ surfaces and the respective sensible heat release. However, in all cases, the estimated Tair differences among the study areas decreased as the distance from the ground increased.
On the LID systems effectiveness for urban stormwater management: case study in Southern Italy
Authors: Palermo S A , Talarico V C , Turco M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Here we present the hydrological effectiveness of Low Impact development (LID) solutions at urban catchment scale, by modelling a highly urbanised area located in South Italy. For the model creation and simulation, PCSWMM based on the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was used. The analysis was carried out by considering different land use conversion scenarios including the implementation of LID practices. Therefore, a specific permeable pavement and green roof developed and implemented at full scale at University of Calabria were chosen as source-control measures. The simulations were run by using as input a synthetic hyetograph of 30 min with return period of 10 years. Three hydrological performance indexes, Runoff Coefficient (RC), Runoff Reduction (RR) and Peak Flow Reduction (PFR) were evaluated at subcatchment scale and, a mean value was estimated for an overall evaluation. Main findings show that RR and PFR linearly increase with the reduction of imperviousness due to the modelling of a major percentage of LID solutions, while the RC decreases. In addition, first detailed results reveal the suitability of LID solutions to reduce surface runoff also for the scenario 1 which considers the conversion of only 30% of specific impervious surface in green roofs and permeable pavements.
The potential for rooftop agriculture in the city of Rio de Janeiro: Growing capacity, Food security and Green infrastructure
Authors: Dang M , Sampaio M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The research explores the multifaceted benefits associated with the implementation of urban agriculture on roofs in Rio de Janeiro. The city has challenges in terms of food security, urban sprawl and the fragmentation of the green infrastructure. The study aims to look at rooftop agriculture as a multifunctional solution for addressing these concerns. The methodology consisted of: 1) LIDAR-based mapping and detection of all the roofs with an inclination inferior to 5 degrees on 69% of the surface of Rio de Janeiro City, 2) Analysis of the city structure and the key areas presenting a high flat roof potential, 3) Evaluation of the growing capacity of the flat roofs landscape and the yearly demand of vegetables in Rio de Janeiro City, 4) Visualization of the key locations for rooftop agriculture in the region of Bangu using parametric modelling. The research shows that 1,385 hectares of roofs would be suitable for rooftop agriculture within the study region. This productive roof surface could produce enough food to meet the yearly demand for vegetables of 39.2% of the inhabitants of the city of Rio de Janeiro. The study also demonstrates the great relevance of implementing rooftop agriculture in the poorest communities of Rio de Janeiro in the perspective of tackling food insecurity.
Heat transfer between heated, partially heated and non-heated residential units in buildings
Authors: Shesho Igor K. , Tashevski Done J. , Filkoski Risto V. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Space heating cost allocation according to actual consumption can be one possible motivating factor for saving energy in residential and other buildings. As a consequence of the exclusion of a certain number of users in collective housing units from the central heating supply system in the city of Skopje, the problem of heating cost allocation and collection of the fixed part of the heat energy payment has arosen. The subject of the analysis in this study was the heat transfer in buildings, with the main focus on the issue of heat transfer rate between residential units with different internal temperatures, such as from heated to unheated or partly heated apartments in collective building objects. The purpose of the analysis was to assess the mutual energy interaction between the completely or partially excluded apartments from the central heating system and the adjacent apartments connected to the central heating system. This is done by simulating the thermal characteristics of typical buildings that are representatives of new (insulated) and old (un-insulated) buildings. For the simulation purposes, the external average daily and monthly temperatures were obtained based on the perennial outdoor temperatures measured in Skopje and additional series of input data that are characteristic for the city were used. For the value of the internal temperature in the dwellings the value for the standard internal design temperatures are predefined. As results of the simulation, values were obtained for the annual heat gains (in kWh/year) and the specific heat gains (in kWh/m2year) of the excluded apartments from the system of central heating through the enclosures (internal walls, ceiling and floor) of the adjacent apartments that are connected to the system for central heating and vertical hot water pipelines for an isolated and nonisolated buildings. In order to obtain a clearer picture, in the study are considered different configurations and positions of apartments in the building. As an indicator for each considered apartment, the ratio of the received thermal energy of the disconnected apartment to the required energy for its heating is calculated. Based on the obtained results, appropriate conclusions were drawn regarding the reduction of the necessary energy for heating of the excluded apartments, as a consequence of the thermal gains through the walls of the neighboring apartments that are connected to the heating system.
Energy performance analysis and low carbon retrofit solutions for residential buildings
Authors: Liapopoulou E , Theodosiou T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the energy performance of residential buildings, through a case study of a typical domestic house located in Thessaloniki, Northern Greece. The building’s energy performance is simulated and analysed using the DesignBuilder software. The study then performs a parametric analysis, in which deviation in various parameters is compared against the current situation in the thermal, cooling load and total energy requirements. The significance of changing each parameter is evaluated by considering the energy balance. Finally, the study uses the Analytical Hierarchy Procedure (AHP) to choose the best sustainable retrofit option in order to reduce the carbon footprint in a domestic house. The alternatives considered are sealing the building envelope (installing cavity-wall insulation), on-site energy generation (solar PVTs), installation of energy efficient appliances, and home monitoring with smart meters. The procedure suggests a solution that best meets the criteria of cost, greenhouse gases emissions reduction, and ease of installation. The case study suggests that smart meters monitoring is the best option, followed by cavity-wall insulation.
Life-cycle oriented simulation-supported heating demand optimisation of buildings: An Austrian case study
Authors: Eikemeier S , Wimmer R , Mahdavi A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This contribution reports on an ongoing research effort within the project Sim4DLG (FFG 853842) to optimise the performance of life cycle oriented buildings in Austria. For a reduction of the heating demand and overheating risk in the cold and warm seasons respectively, a simulation-supported optimisation strategy was pursued. This approach is applied to a range of different building types, varying from stand-alone single family houses to townhouses and apartments in a multi-storey building, which are to be constructed within the project Life Cycle Habitation (LIFE13 ENV/AT/000741). To avoid overheating risk in the buildings and to increase the thermal comfort, the dimensions of external shading devices were investigated, especially in combination with summer-time natural ventilation. Apart from the exploration of the indoor environment of each building type, the heating demands of the buildings were specifically examined. This includes a comparison of the building parameters and simulation procedures as well as an evaluation of the outcomes and deviations of the simulation results in relation to the concurrently calculated mandatory Austrian energy certificate. The simulation results suggest that this strategy has not only the potential to improve indoor conditions, but also to result in better ratings in terms of the Austrian energy certificate.
District Cooling Application on an Existing District Heating Infrastructure: Technologies and Potential
Authors: Tsigkas Ioannis , Panaras Giorgos 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The proposed work attempts to examine whether district cooling is a sustainable solution for cooling applications in a modern urban area where there is already a district heating system network installed. In order to make a complete and objective assessment about the aforementioned topic, the majority of factors affected by or affecting such a project is taken into consideration, namely energy, environmental, socio-political or financial issues. The analysis uses as reference system that of the district heating of the city of Kozani, Northern Greece, operating since 1993; the system uses heat produced by the nearby coal power plants. In conclusion, district cooling is assessed as a feasible and sustainable choice for Kozani with multiple benefits for the region. For example, the increase of the pipeline network lifespan by minimizing corrosion due to oxidization, the extended utilization of waste heat, the reduction of the load on the electric power network as more and more customers will shift from air-conditioners to District Cooling and the creation of a variety of either short term or long term jobs during the construction phase and during the lifetime of the installation. Moreover, a variety of suggestions is given for prospective researchers on the topic as well as proposals on the development of the project further than the pilot phase.