bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A taxonomic revision of geoemydid turtles from Siwalik-age of India and Pakistan
Authors: Garbin Rafaella C. , Bandyopadhyay Saswati , Joyce Walter G. 
Published: May 2020

Neogene (Siwalik-aged) deposits from India and Pakistan have yielded many vertebrate fossils, of which most were named during the 19th century, including numerous geoemydid turtles. In contrast to many other faunal components from the Siwaliks, geoemydids have not undergone taxonomic revision for more than a century and most fossils have therefore been believed to correspond to recent taxa. In this study, we conduct a taxonomic revision of all previously described geoemydid material from the Siwalik-age. We propose that all specimens of ‘Clemmys’ from the Siwaliks of Punjab, Pakistan should be identified as Melanochelys sivalensis comb. nov.; that Melanochelys tricarinata var. sivalensis represents a valid species, for which we propose the replacement name Melanochelys tapani to avoid homonymy; that specimens originally identified as Batagur cautleyi and Pangshura flaviventer cannot be identified beyond the generic level; and that many fragmentary palatochelydians cannot be identified to any particular species or genus due to the lack of preserved diagnostic osteological characters. With a few exceptions, the Siwalik fauna mostly corresponds in its distribution to that of the recent fauna, indicating a certain amount of geographic stasis. However, as the stratigraphic provenance of most material is poor, it is not possible to discern meaningful temporal patterns.
FOAMS STABILIZATION BY HYDROPHOBIZED OXIDES OF VARIOUS CHEMICAL NATURE
Authors: Vilkova Natalya G. , Mishina Svetlana I. , Deputatov Evgeniy D. 
Published: May 2020

The properties of foams stabilized by hydrophobized titanium oxide and silica are studied. It was shown that when hexylamine was added to silica suspensions (in an amount of ≥ 10 mmol/l), the values of the hydrogen index corresponded to the alkaline region. Moreover, the stability of such foams increases with the increasing concentration of hexylamine and an increase in the relative degree of hydrophobization to ng = 2.75 mmol/g. However, rapid destruction of disperse systems is possible when a certain degree of hydrophobization is achieved (for example, ng≥3 in aerosil suspensions), which is due to aggregation of particles in the initial suspension. The dependence of the lifetime of these dispersed systems on the hydrogen index (pH) is shown. The most stable disperse systems were formed at the pH value of 5, which is close to the isoelectric point of the oxide. Foams obtained from the suspension of the composition: 20% titanium oxide + 76.6 mmol/l hexylamine remained stable for four days or more at pH = 5 and a change in the relative hydrophobicity of the surface (ng) from 0.383 to 1.27 mmol/g. With a significant increase in the degree of hydrophobization of the surface to 4.6 mmol/g and the same pH value, foaming was insignificant (the layer height (h) was 0.2 cm) and life time t≈10 sec. Probably fixing the particles at the liquid-gas interface is an irreversible process only when a certain degree of hydrophobicity is achieved. To explain the possible causes of change stability of the foam containing the titanium dioxide from the pH we have investigated the distribution of particles according to their sizes by the method of sedimentation analysis. It was found that at pH=10 the fractional composition of the suspension with an average radius of 3 µm was equal to 50%, at the same time the maximum radius was 21 µm; the value of the wetting angle of the particles was equal to 40.8º. In an acidic medium (pH=2-3) and at pH=5, the fraction content with an average particle radius of 5 µm was 29% and 30%, respectively. However, low (14.7º) values of the wetting angle at pH=2 can cause low stability of foams in an acidic environment. Highly stable foams were obtained by changing the viscosity of the dispersion medium in suspensions of hydrophobized titanium oxide. When adding glycerol to the suspension composition: 9.0% titanium dioxide + 0.7% hexylamine, pH=9, gel foam was obtained, which was not destroyed within 10 days. However, in an acidic medium with the addition of the same amount of glycerol, the formation of a stable dispersed system was not observed.
Effects of Different Biomaterials and Cellular Status on Testicular Cell Self‐Organization
Authors: Gao Hui , Liu Chao , Wu Bingbing , Cui Hang , Zhao Yan , Duan Yongchao , Gao Fei , Gu Qi , Wang Hongmei , Li Wei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA multicellular organism’s development is coupled with cellular self‐organization, which is regulated by cell–cell interactions and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) crosstalk. Testicular cells from different species such as mouse, rat, and porcine can self‐organize into seminiferous tubules both in vitro and in vivo, but the understanding of the functional role of the ECM during this process is limited. Here, it is shown that mouse testicular cells encapsulated with the biomaterial Matrigel can self‐organize into seminiferous tubules with blood‐testis barrier (BTB) formation and Leydig cell differentiation. By varying the encapsulation method, a combination of sodium alginate and collagen is used to promote reorganization of seminiferous tubules, which resemble those in vivo. In addition, the self‐organization ability of testicular cells declines with advanced cell age, and those germ cells play a pivotal role in this process. These findings will be helpful to understand the self‐organization process of testicular cells and provide insights for the reconstruction of testes.
Cation Exchange Protocols to Radiolabel Aqueous Stabilized ZnS, ZnSe, and CuFeS2 Nanocrystals with 64Cu for Dual Radio‐ and Photo‐Thermal Therapy
Authors: Avellini Tommaso , Soni Nisarg , Silvestri Niccolò , Fiorito Sergio , De Donato Francesco , De Mei Claudia , Walther Martin , Cassani Marco , Ghosh Sandeep , Manna Liberato , Stephan Holger , Pellegrino Teresa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHere, cation exchange (CE) reactions are exploited to radiolabel ZnSe, ZnS, and CuFeS2 metal chalcogenide nanocrystals (NCs) with 64Cu. The CE protocol requires one simple step, to mix the water‐soluble NCs with a 64Cu solution, in the presence of vitamin C used to reduce Cu(II) to Cu(I). Given the quantitative cation replacement on the NCs, a high radiochemical yield, up to 99%, is reached. Also, provided that there is no free 64Cu, no purification step is needed, making the protocol easily translatable to the clinic. A unique aspect of the approach is the achievement of an unprecedentedly high specific activity: by exploiting a volumetric CE, the strategy enables to concentrate a large dose of 64Cu (18.5 MBq) in a small NC dose (0.18 µg), reaching a specific activity of 103 TBq g−1. Finally, the characteristic dielectric resonance peak, still present for the radiolabeled 64Cu:CuFeS2 NCs after the partial‐CE reaction, enables the generation of heat under clinical laser exposure (1 W cm−2). The synergic toxicity of photo‐ablation and 64Cu ionization is here proven on glioblastoma and epidermoid carcinoma tumor cells, while no intrinsic cytotoxicity is seen from the NC dose employed for these dual experiments.
Fluorocyclization of N‐Propargyl Carboxamides by λ3‐Iodane Catalysts with Coordinating Substituents
Authors: Takahashi Shunsuke , Umakoshi Yuki , Nakayama Kaii , Okada Yohei , Zhdankin Viktor V. , Yoshimura Akira , Saito Akio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAiming at the enhanced catalytic activity of fluoro‐λ3‐iodane generated from iodoarene precatalyst with Selectfluor and HF⋅pyridine, this study focused on the λ3‐iodanes bearing coordinating substituents. Compared to 4‐iodoanisole as a precatalyst of our previous method, N‐methyl‐2‐iodobenzamide or 2‐iodobenzamide worked well in the fluorocyclization of N‐propargyl carboxamides to oxazoles. Control experiments suggest the equilibrium mixture of iodane‐amine complexes and cyclic iodane fluorides would be involved in the present catalysis.magnified image
Ridge‐furrow plastic film mulching farming for sustainable dryland agriculture on the Chinese loess plateau
Authors: Li Feng‐Min , Li Xiao Gang , Javaid Muhammad Mansoor , Ashraf Muhammad , Zhang Feng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the progress of dryland farming development by comparing the ridge‐furrow plastic film mulching (RFM) system with conventional cultivation in the Chinese Loess Plateau, where the climate is cool and semi‐arid or subhumid prone to drought, and dryland farming dominates. The barren soil dominated by eolian sedimentary loess is loose and erosive. For thousands of years, increasing human population pressure and high‐intensity disordered land use have led to serious ecosystem degradation. Since the 1950s, large‐scale and long‐term construction of terraced fields have effectively reduced the soil erosion potential, and such fields have become more and more convenient for mechanized large‐area production. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the crop cultivation system based on the RFM has been widely promoted. Compared with previous cropping systems, the crop productivity in the RFM system is double or multiple times greater. Soil moisture has become favorable. Soil organic C content has been controlled or increased. Most importantly, the RFM system has promoted the coordinated development of grain, forage, and livestock, and favorable market results. It has vigorously promoted the fight against poverty and the realization of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in dryland areas. Therefore, ridge‐furrow mulching is the key basis for the sustainable development of the dryland farming system on the Loess Plateau.
Diversified crop rotation and management system influence durum yield and quality
Authors: Lenssen Andrew W. , Sainju Upendra M. , Allen Brett L. , Stevens William B. , Jabro Jalal D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDiversified crop rotation, sequence of crops within a rotation, and management system may affect durum (Triticum turgidum L.) yield and quality. This study investigated the impact of stacked vs. alternate‐year rotation and conventional vs. ecological management system on dryland durum growth, yield, quality, and N relations from 2008 to 2011 in the northern Great Plains. Stacked rotations were durum–durum–canola (Brassica napus L.)–pea (Pisum sativum L.) (DDCP) and durum–durum–flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)–pea (DDFP). Alternate‐year rotations were durum–canola–durum–pea (DCDP) and durum–flax–durum–pea (DFDP). Continuous durum (CD) was also included for comparison. Conventional management included the combination of tillage, recommended seed rate, broadcast N fertilization, and reduced stubble height; ecological management included no‐tillage, increased seed rate, banded N fertilization, and greater stubble height. Durum height was 4–7 cm taller in the ecological than the conventional management with DCDP, DDCP, and DFDP. Plant height, spike number, grain yield, aboveground biomass, N accumulation, N removal index, and N‐use efficiency were 8–46% greater in the ecological than the conventional management in wet years, but were 15–26% greater in the conventional management in dry years. Plant height, spike number, aboveground biomass, and seed weight varied with crop rotations and years. The ecological management improved durum growth, yield, and N relations in wet years, but the conventional management was superior in dry year. Producers can enhance dryland durum yield and quality by using the ecological management, especially in wet years, rather than relying on crop rotations.
Hermetia illucens Larvae as a Living Bioreactor for Simultaneous Food by‐Products Recycling and Useful Oil Production
Authors: Guil‐Guerrero José L. , Sánchez‐Muros María J. , Fabrikov Dmitri , Rodríguez‐Lozano Borja , González‐Fernández María J. , Lyashenko Svetlana , Barroso Fernando G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe effects of feeds containing several food by‐products on the fatty acid compositions of Hermetia illucens larvae were studied. Coconut, tomato, apple, and viscera by‐products, as well as combinations of control feed containing carbohydrate‐rich additives were assayed. Final live weight (mg) and daily growth coefficient (%/day) ranged from 41 and 0.548 (tomato) to 93 and 1.292 (coconut), respectively. Oils containing lauric acid were obtained from larvae‐fed vegetable by‐products, especially those fed feed containing apple, coconut, and tomato (65.3, 54.4 and 52.3% of total fatty acids, respectively). Feed containing apple and a 1:1 (w/w) mix of control feed and apple by‐products yielded the highest proportion of fatty acids in the larvae (23.5 and 15.6 g fatty acids/100 g fresh larvae, respectively). The properties of biodiesel that could be produced from larvae fatty acids were calculated and the following values were obtained: cetane number (58.5–60.2), higher heating value (38.3–39.0 MJ·kg−1), density (0.869–0.873 g·cm−3), and induction period, an index of oxidation stability (8.4–150 hours). Such values were within the ranges specified by the ASTM D6751 and Europe EN 14214:2008 standards, while values for cold filter plugging point (−9.6 to 2.8 °C) were adequate for biodiesels intended for use in temperate climates. However, values for kinematic viscosity (2.93–3.58 mm2·s−1) were slightly below the requirements of EN 14214:2008 (3.5–5.0). Overall, larvae fed food by‐products produced lauric acid‐rich oils, and the calculated properties of the oils were largely suitable for biodiesel production.
Catalytic Asymmetric Three‐component Hydroacyloxylation/ 1,4‐Conjugate Addition of Ynamides
Authors: Li Xiangqiang , Jiang Mingyi , Zhan Tangyu , Cao Weidi , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA highly enantioselective three‐component hydroacyloxylation/1,4‐conjugate addition of ortho‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols, ynamides and carboxylic acids was developed under mild reaction conditions in the presence of a chiral N,N′‐dioxide/Sc(OTf)3 complex, which went through in situ generated ortho‐quinone methides with α‐acyloxyenamides, delivering a range of corresponding chiral α‐acyloxyenamides derivatives containing gem(1,1)‐diaryl skeletons in moderate to good yields with excellent ee values. The scale‐up experiment and further derivation showed the practicality of this catalytic system. In addition, a possible catalytic cycle and transition state model was proposed to elucidate the origin of the stereoselectivity based on X‐ray crystal structure of the α‐acyloxyenamide intermediate and product.
Decrease in primary but not in secondary abdominal surgery for Crohn's disease: nationwide cohort study, 1990–2014
Authors: Kalman T D , Everhov Å H , Nordenvall C , Sachs M C , Halfvarson J , Ekbom A , Ludvigsson J F , Myrelid P , Olén O 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Treatment of patients with Crohn's disease has evolved in recent decades, with increasing use of immunomodulatory medication since 1990 and biologicals since 1998. In parallel, there has been increased use of active disease monitoring. To what extent these changes have influenced the incidence of primary and repeat surgical resection remains debated.

Methods
In this nationwide cohort study, incident patients of all ages with Crohn's disease, identified in Swedish National Patient Registry between 1990 and 2014, were divided into five calendar periods of diagnosis: 1990–1995 and 1996–2000 with use of inpatient registries, 2001, and 2002–2008 and 2009–2014 with use of inpatient and outpatient registries. The cumulative incidence of first and repeat abdominal surgery (except closure of stomas), by category of surgical procedure, was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
Among 21 273 patients with Crohn's disease, the cumulative incidence of first abdominal surgery within 5 years of Crohn's disease diagnosis decreased continuously from 54·8 per cent in 1990–1995 to 40·4 per cent in 1996–2000 (P &lt; 0·001), and again from 19·8 per cent in 2002–2008 to 17·3 per cent in 2009–2014 (P &lt; 0·001). Repeat 5-year surgery rates decreased from 18·9 per cent in 1990–1995 to 16·0 per cent in 1996–2000 (P = 0·009). After 2000, no further significant decreases were observed.

Conclusion
The 5-year rate of surgical intervention for Crohn's disease has decreased significantly, but the rate of repeat surgery has remained stable despite the introduction of biological therapy.
Effectiveness of Dupilumab in the treatment of both atopic dermatitis and alopecia universalis
Authors: Call John E. , Sahni Sakshi , Zug Kathryn A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated significant molecular parallels between atopic dermatitis and alopecia areata as predominantly TH2‐mediated diseases. This case report highlights the potential for Dupilumab as a targeted biologic therapy in both atopic dermatitis and alopecia areata.
Design and Synthesis of Fluorescent Methylphenidate Analogues for a FRET‐Based Assay of Synapsin III Binding
Authors: Casiraghi Andrea , Longhena Francesca , Straniero Valentina , Faustini Gaia , Newman Amy H. , Bellucci Arianna , Valoti Ermanno 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe previously described synapsin III (Syn III) as a synaptic phosphoprotein that controls dopamine release in cooperation with α‐synuclein (aSyn). Moreover, we found that in Parkinson's disease (PD), Syn III also participates in aSyn aggregation and toxicity. Our recent observations point to threo‐methylphenidate (MPH), a monoamine re‐uptake inhibitor that efficiently counteracts the freezing‐gait characteristic of advanced PD, as a ligand for Syn III. We have designed and synthesised two different fluorescently labelled MPH derivatives, one with Rhodamine Red (RHOD) and one with 5‐carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA), to be used for assessing MPH binding to Syn III by FRET. TAMRA‐MPH exhibited the ideal characteristics to be used as a FRET acceptor, as it was able to enter into the SK‐N‐SH cells and could interact specifically with human green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐tagged Syn III but not with GFP alone. Moreover, the uptake of TAMRA‐MPH and co‐localization with Syn III was also observed in primary mesencephalic neurons. These findings support that MPH is a Syn III ligand and that TAMRA‐conjugated drug molecules might be valuable tools to study drug‐ligand interactions by FRET or to detect Syn III in cytological and histological samples.
Application of a Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network in Predicting Plasma Concentration and Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Oral Single‐Dose Rosuvastatin in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Xu Yichao , Lou Honggang , Chen Jinliang , Jiang Bo , Yang Dandan , Hu Yin , Ruan Zourong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA backpropagation artificial neural network (BPANN) model was established for the prediction of the plasma concentration and pharmacokinetic parameters of rosuvastatin (RVST) in healthy subjects. The data (demographic characteristics and results of clinical laboratory tests) were collected from 4 bioequivalence studies using reference 10‐mg RVST calcium tablets. After the data were cleaned using extreme gradient boosting, 13 important factors were extracted to construct the BPANN model. The model was fully validated, and mean impact values (MIVs) were calculated. The model was used to predict the plasma concentration and pharmacokinetic parameters of oral single‐dose RVST in healthy subjects under fasting and fed conditions. The predicted and measured values were compared in order to evaluate the accuracy of prediction. The constructed model performed well in validation. The top 3 factors ranked by MIV related to RVST concentration are fasting/fed, time, and creatinine clearance. The time‐concentration profiles of the measured and predicted data agreed well. There were no significant differences (P > .05) in the area under the concentration‐time curve from 0 to the last measurable concentration (AUC0‐t) and extrapolated to infinity (AUC0‐∞), half‐time of elimination, peak concentration, and time to peak concentration of the measured data and data predicted by BPANN. The BPANN model has an accurate prediction ability and can be used to predict RVST concentration and pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy subjects.
The development and assessment of a scale to measure the experience of an anorexic voice in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Hampshire Kay , Tierney Stephanie , Varese Filippo , Haddock Gillian , Saeidi Saeideh , Fox John R.E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe anorexic voice (AV) is defined as a critical internal dialogue, which has been implicated in the development and maintenance of anorexia nervosa (AN). Systematic research to explore this further requires a valid and reliable measurement tool. This study aimed to develop and assess the validity of the Experience of an Anorexic VoicE Questionnaire (EAVE‐Q). EAVE‐Q items were developed and checked for face and content validity through cognitive interviews with seven individuals diagnosed with AN. Participants with a diagnosis of AN (N = 148) completed the EAVE‐Q, sociodemographic questions and measures of mood and quality of life to assess internal consistency and construct validity. Forty‐nine participants completed the EAVE‐Q twice more to assess test–retest reliability. The EAVE‐Q had good face and content validity and good acceptability. Principal axis factoring resulted in an 18‐item scale organized into five domains with high internal consistency (α = 0.70 to α = 0.85). Domains correlated significantly with eating disorder symptoms, psychological distress, and quality of life. The EAVE‐Q did not discriminate between participants on the basis of body mass index. Test–retest reliability was moderate. Although the factor structure of the EAVE‐Q requires replication in other AN samples, the EAVE‐Q is the first measure of a critical internal dialogue in AN. It is hoped that it will aid future research to increase understanding of AN and the continued development of person‐centred treatments.
Interpretation of Cytochrome P‐450 Inhibition and Induction Effects From Clinical Data: Current Standards and Recommendations for Implementation
Authors: Stout Stephen M. , Nemerovski Carrie W. , Streetman Daniel S. , Berg Melody , Hoffman Jamie , Burke Kayann , Bemben Nina M. , Sklar Stephen J. 
Published: May 2020

Agents that modify cytochrome P‐450 (CYP) enzyme activity are characterized as strong, moderate, or weak inhibitors or inducers based on the magnitude of their impact on substrate exposure in clinical studies. Criteria for these classifications are simple and semiquantitative. However, assignment of a given agent to a CYP inhibitor or inducer category is often complicated by limitations of the published data, inconsistent study findings, and other factors. CYP inhibitor and inducer categories are commonly used as a basis for differentiating drug interaction management recommendations. For example, product labeling for a CYP substrate may recommend avoidance in combination with strong inhibitors and dose reduction in combination with moderate inhibitors. When such recommendations exist, ambiguity or variability in placement of inhibitors or inducers into categories can introduce potentially harmful variations in clinical drug interaction management. Failure to adequately reflect the drug interaction potential of an agent by under‐categorizing it (e.g., calling it weak when data point to moderate effects), for example, may lead clinicians to respond inadequately to real risks, or to ignore potential interactions altogether. Over‐categorization may lead to actions such as over‐adjustment of substrate doses or unnecessary avoidance of optimal treatments. This review describes the current criteria for assignment of CYP inhibitor and inducer categories, summarizes common circumstances leading to ambiguous or variable CYP inhibitor and inducer categorizations, and proposes an approach to data interpretation and application of current criteria under uncertainty. When applied to > 1,000 CYP reviews, the approach described has identified a clear categorization in almost all cases.