bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of colorectal cancer associated with BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutation carriers: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cullinane C M , Creavin B , O'Connell E P , Kelly L , O'Sullivan M J , Corrigan M A , Redmond H P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Carriers of the BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutation incur a lifetime risk of up to 85 per cent for breast cancer, and between 20 and 40 per cent for ovarian cancer. Efforts to estimate the lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer for BRCA mutation carriers have produced conflicting results. Consequently, there are no formal guidelines regarding the need for bowel screening for individuals with BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutations. This systematic review and meta-analysis determined the risk of colorectal cancer associated with BRCA carrier mutations.

Methods
The primary outcome was incidence of colorectal cancer in BRCA mutation carriers. Secondary outcomes were the incidence in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers, Ashkenazi Jews, and age- and sex-matched cohorts.

Results
Eleven studies were included in the review, with an overall population of 14 252 and 4831 colorectal cancers identified. Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. There was no increase in colorectal cancer among patients carrying a BRCA mutation (odds ratio 1·03, 95 per cent c.i. 0·80 to 1·32; P = 0·82). After adjustment for Ashkenazi heritage, and age and sex estimates, there was no increased odds of developing colorectal cancer (with no heterogeneity, I2 = 0 per cent).

Conclusion
BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutation carriers are not at a higher risk of colorectal cancer.
A structural model relating gratitude, resilience, psychological well‐being and creativity among psychological counsellors
Authors: Arnout Boshra A. , Almoied Ayed A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate a hypothesised structural model that reflects the relationship between gratitude, resilience, well‐being and counsellors' creativity. The study sample consisted of 610 psychological counsellors, aged between 25 and 45 years. This sample was divided into two subsamples: the first consisted of 241 counsellors to test the measurement properties of the scales used in this study; and the second consisted of 369 counsellors to evaluate the hypothesised structural model. Researchers prepared the gratitude scale, resilience scale and psychological well‐being scale, and they prepared the short form of the counselling creativity scale that was prepared by Al‐Waleedi & Arnout (2017). In order to detect how gratitude, resilience and well‐being can predict creativity, the proposed structural model was examined using structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings from the test of the hypothesised structural model concluded that the independent variables gratitude and resilience contributed directly to predict creativity as a dependent variable. At the same time, these independent variables contributed indirectly to the prediction of creativity as a dependent variable through the factor of well‐being. The hypothesised structural model of gratitude, resilience and well‐being shows goodness of fit with the empirical collected data and is able to predict creativity among counsellors. These findings are useful in providing gratitude, resilience, well‐being and creativity for practitioners in the field of psychological service, as well as drawing attention to the importance of gratitude, resilience and well‐being in providing effective counselling services in a creative way.
Ozone as decontaminating agent for ground corn containing deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and ochratoxin A
Authors: Krstović Saša , Krulj Jelena , Jakšić Sandra , Bočarov‐Stančić Aleksandra , Jajić Igor 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMycotoxins have been known as one of the major food safety risks in food and feed. The focus of many studies is a quest for solutions that will provide decontamination of mycotoxin‐contaminated commodities. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of ozone treatment on deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and ochratoxin A (OTA) content in naturally contaminated ground corn. Moisture content in ground corn at the beginning of ozonation procedure was 10.00 ± 0.07%. Ozone levels of 40, 85, and 99 mg/L were applied on contaminated ground corn for 20, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min, resulting in the decrease of DON, ZEN, and OTA up to 42.8%, 68.1%, and 70.3%, respectively. Unfortunately, DON, as a common contaminant of corn, appeared to be quite difficult to degrade, with estimated half‐life range of 217–330 min. First‐order kinetic model applied to mycotoxin degradation rate showed good fit for the application at ozone levels of 85 and 99 mg/L for all three mycotoxins, with a regression coefficient range from 0.82 to 0.97. Accordingly, ozone could be used as an effective way to decontaminate ground corn naturally contaminated with DON, ZEN, and OTA, although being more effective in the degradation of ZEN and OTA than in case of DON.
Characteristics and Vanadium Adsorption Performance of Resin/Carbon Composite Electrodes in Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Chen Qi , Bao Shenxu , Zhang Yimin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractActivated carbon (AC) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used to fabricate resin/carbon composite electrodes (D314/AC and D314/CNTs). The adsorption characteristics of vanadium (V) on the two electrodes under different pH and voltage conditions were compared in capacitive deionization. Physical and electrochemical studies on the electrodes indicated that micropores and mesopores are well balanced in D314/AC, but mesopores are dominant in D314/CNTs. D314/CNTs showed higher specific capacitance and higher ion adsorption capacity than D314/AC. This study indicated that the adsorption performance of composite electrodes for V is affected by the electrode material, especially the pore properties.
Developing sensor‐based irrigation scheduling that maximizes soybean grain yield, irrigation water use efficiency, and returns above irrigation costs
Authors: Wood C. W. , Krutz L. J. , Henry W. B. , Irby T. , Orlowski J. M. , Bryant C. J. , Atwill R. L. , Spencer G. D. , Mills B. E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAgricultural withdrawal from the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial aquifer (MRVAA) exceeds its recharge rate, causing groundwater declines and cones of depression across the midsouthern United States. This research was conducted to determine whether sensor‐based irrigation scheduling of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] could improve yield and profitability while minimizing consumptive water use. The effects of season‐long soil water potential (SWP) threshold (−50 and −85 centibar [cbar]) on consumptive water use and on agronomic and economic parameters were compared with scheduling irrigations as a function of growth stage (VN–R2, R3–R4, and R5–R6.5) and SWP threshold (−50, −85, and −125 cbar) on a Dundee silty clay loam (fine‐silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Endoaqualfs) near Stoneville, MS, from 2015 through 2017. Decreasing the season‐long SWP threshold for soybean from −50 to −85 cbar reduced consumptive water use 49% while having no adverse effect on yield, returns above irrigation costs, or irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). Adjusting the irrigation threshold as a function of growth stage did not improve yield or returns above irrigation costs. Our data indicate that maintaining a season‐long irrigation threshold of −85 cbars optimizes yield, returns above irrigation costs, and IWUE efficiency while reducing withdrawal for soybean irrigation from the MRVAA up to 49% relative to the −50 cbar producer standard.
Bismuth(III) Flavonolates: The Impact of Structural Diversity on Antibacterial Activity, Mammalian Cell Viability and Cellular Uptake
Authors: Burke Kirralee J. , Stephens Liam J. , Werrett Melissa V. , Andrews Philip C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA series of homoleptic and heteroleptic bismuth(III) flavonolate complexes derived from six flavonols of varying substitution have been synthesised and structurally characterised. The complexes were evaluated for antibacterial activity towards several problematic Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus (VRE)) and Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. The cell viability of COS‐7 (monkey kidney) cells treated with the bismuth flavonolates was also studied to determine the effect of the complexes on mammalian cells. The heteroleptic complexes [BiPh(L)2] (in which L=flavonolate) showed good antibacterial activity towards all of the bacteria but reduced COS‐7 cell viability in a concentration‐dependent manner. The homoleptic complexes [Bi(L)3] exhibited activity towards the Gram‐positive bacteria and showed low toxicity towards the mammalian cell line. Bismuth uptake studies in VRE and COS‐7 cells treated with the bismuth flavonolate complexes indicated that Bi accumulation is influenced by both the substitution of the flavonolate ligands and the degree of substitution at the bismuth centre.
Heavy Metals Make a Chain: A Catenated Bismuth Compound
Authors: Riley Robert D. , Dickie Diane A. , Land Michael A. , Kemp Richard A. , Macdonald Charles L. B. , Werner‐Zwanziger Ulrike , Robertson Katherine N. , Clyburne Jason A. C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCatenation is common for the light main‐group elements whereas it is rare for the heavy elements. Herein, we report the first example of a neutral molecule containing a Bi4 chain. It is prepared in a one‐step reaction between bismuth trichloride and bis(diisopropylphosphino)amine in methanol suspension. The same reaction carried out in dichloromethane gives quite different products. All products have been characterized spectroscopically and using single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.
Long‐term causes of death among pediatric patients with cancer
Authors: Horn Samantha R. , Stoltzfus Kelsey C. , Mackley Heath B. , Lehrer Eric J. , Zhou Shouhao , Dandekar Smita C. , Fox Edward J. , Rizk Elias B. , Trifiletti Daniel M. , Rao Pooja M. , Zaorsky Nicholas G. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe objectives of this study were to characterize the risk of death (1) from the primary cancer vs competing cause of death; and (2) from various causes of death vs the general poplation. The relative risk of death after a pediatric cancer diagnosis versus the general population and the risk of death from a primary cancer diagnosis versus competing causes of death.MethodsThis retrospective, population‐based study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1980‐2015) and included patients aged 0 to 19 years at the time of diagnosis. Observed deaths were calculated; the risk of death versus the general population was assessed with standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). Competing risk models for the cause of death were performed.ResultsThere were 58,356 patients who were diagnosed, and the mortality rate was 22.8%. To assess causes of death, 6996 patients who died during the study period were included (45,580 total person‐years at risk): 5128 (73%) died of their primary cancer, and 1868 (27%) died of a competing cause. Among all patients, the rate of death from the index cancer was higher than the rate of death from another cause within the first 5 years after diagnosis. The risk of death from a nonprimary cancer began to supersede the rate of death from the primary cancer 10 years after diagnosis for patients with germ cell tumors, lymphomas, and sarcomas. SMRs for the primary cancer were highest within the first 5 years after diagnosis for all cancers (SMRs, 100‐50,000; P < .0001). The risk of death from competing causes (heart disease, suicide, and sepsis) was elevated (SMR, >100; P < .001). The risk of dying of heart disease was high, especially for patients with astrocytomas (SMR, 47.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 27.87‐76.59) and neuroblastomas (SMR, 98.59; 95% CI, 47.28‐181.32). The risk of dying of suicide was high in most patients, particularly for those with osteosarcomas (SMR, 111.40; 95% CI, 2.82‐620.69), Hodgkin lymphomas (SMR, 62.35; 95% CI, 34.89‐102.83), and gonadal germ cell tumors (SMR, 28.97; 95% CI, 12.51‐57.09).ConclusionsThe cause of death for patients with gonadal germ cell tumors, lymphomas, and sarcomas is more commonly a secondary cancer or noncancerous cause than the primary disease; their risk of death from competing causes (heart disease, suicide, and sepsis) rises throughout life.
Assessing gloss under diffuse and specular lighting
Authors: Ged Guillaume , Rabal‐Almazor Ana‐Maria , Himbert Marc E. , Obein Gael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe visual sensation of gloss is built on cues deduced from the interaction between light, surfaces sunder evaluation, and surrounding conditions. Gloss is a second‐order attribute of the visual appearance, this means that its perception is not directly encoded on biological sensors but constructed from the global scene in the field of view of the observer. It is then a complex quantity to measure. When most studies based on simulated samples stress on the importance of realistic observation conditions, we measure the effect of environment complexity over perception of real samples. We test two different lighting conditions: either diffuse or a combination of diffuse and collimated lighting in order to approach natural complex illumination patterns. Under both lighting conditions, we test two environments: a standard black light booth, designed according to the ASTM D4449, and a realistic office cubicle. Samples consist in a seven‐level gloss scale ranging from full matt to high gloss. These are presented to observers through pair comparison protocol, according to a maximum likelihood difference scaling algorithm. Our results confirm that gloss constancy is maintained even if the convergence of illumination varies. We however measure that the constancy is lost for matt samples perception.
Characterizing resistance to soybean cyst nematode in PI 494182, an early maturing soybean accession
Authors: St‐Amour V. Thomas Boucher , Mimee Benjamin , Torkamaneh Davoud , Jean Martine , Belzile François , O'Donoughue Louise S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) generates more damage to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] than any other parasite in most soybean‐producing countries. The use of SCN‐resistant cultivars remains the most effective method to limit losses caused by SCN. The SCN‐resistant accession PI 88788 has been used almost exclusively to control SCN over the past decades, inducing a shift in nematode virulence to overcome the resistance. Furthermore, PI 88788 and other sources of resistance characterized to date belong to maturity groups (MGs) III and higher, making them less attractive to develop early maturing soybean varieties (MGs 0‐000). In this work, we performed a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of the SCN‐resistant soybean accession PI 494182 (MG 0). A recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population (‘Costaud’ × PI 494182) segregating for SCN resistance was challenged with SCN (H. glycines [HG] type 0) and genotyped via genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) to produce a genetic map. Six resistance QTL were identified, including a potentially new resistance locus on chromosome 07. A subset of the RIL population was confronted to a HG type 2.5.7 SCN population and some of these exhibited resistance toward this type. Whole‐genome sequencing of PI 494182 and Costaud allowed us to determine the alleles and their copy number for three candidate genes: GmSNAP11, GmSNAP18 (Rhg1), and GmSHMT08 (Rhg4). Finally, we determined that selecting for PI 494182 alleles at some SCN‐resistance QTL could entail linkage drag (decrease in protein concentration and 100‐seed weight, increase in oil concentration). This work provides useful markers for introgressing SCN resistance in early maturing soybean varieties.
Consequences of multiple simultaneous opportunities to exploit others’ efforts on free riding
Authors: Dubois Frédérique , Richard‐Dionne Étienne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIndividuals within a group do not all act in the same way: Typically, the investors (or producers) put efforts into producing resources while the free riders (or scroungers) benefit from these resources without contributing. In behavioral ecology, the prevalence of free riders can be predicted by a well‐known game‐theoretical model—the producer–scrounger (PS) model—where group members have the options to either search for resources (producers) or exploit the efforts of others (scroungers). The PS model has received some empirical support, but its predictions, surprisingly, are based on the strict assumption that only one resource can be exploited at a time. Yet, multiple simultaneous opportunities to exploit others’ efforts should frequently occur in nature. Here, we combine analytic and simulation approaches to explore the effect of multiple simultaneous scrounging opportunities on tactic use. Our analyses demonstrate that scrounging rates should increase with the number of simultaneous opportunities. As such, the amount and spatial distribution (i.e., clumped vs. dispersed) of resources as well as the risk of predation are key predictors of scrounging behavior. Because scroungers contribute to reducing the speed of resource exploitation, the model proposed here has direct relevance to the exploitation and sustainability of renewable resources.
Behavioral adjustments and support use of François' langur in limestone habitat in Fusui, China: Implications for behavioral thermoregulation
Authors: Li Youbang , Huang Xiaohong , Huang Zhonghao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractClimatic factors such as temperature and humidity vary seasonally in primate habitats; thus, behavioral adjustments and microhabitat selection by primate species have been interpreted as behavioral adaptations. François' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi), a native species to southwest China and northern Vietnam, inhabits a limestone habitat with extreme climatic conditions. To understand the potential effects of climatic seasonality on this species, we collected data on the individual behavioral budgets in a T. francoisi group between January and December 2010 in Fusui County, China. Monthly, we performed 5–11 days of observation during this period, using focal animal sampling and continuous recording methods. We also recorded ambient temperature (Ta) and relative humidity (Hr) data at our study site. Results indicated that Ta and Hr were significantly correlated with each other and fluctuated dramatically on a daily, monthly, and seasonal basis. The amount of time spent resting, grooming, basking, and huddling also varied on a daily, monthly, and seasonal basis. The proportion of resting time and total sedentary activity time significantly increased at high and low Tas, respectively. The total sedentary time, resting time, and plant branch use all showed positive significant correlations with Ta. Our results suggest that behavioral adjustment and support use of T. francoisi, at least partly, were related to thermoregulation. T. francoisi minimized thermal stress through behavioral adjustments and support use. It is an adaptive behavior associated with the climatic extremes of limestone habitat. This study can potentially advise conservation management strategies in this specific habitat. Conservation efforts should focus on vegetation restoration in langurs' habitat, including those in the foothills.
Turbulence, instream wood and fish: Ecohydraulic interactions under field conditions
Authors: Trinci Giuditta , Harvey Gemma Louise , Henshaw Alexander James , Bertoldi Walter , Hölker Franz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrevious work suggests that ecohydraulics should consider the broad range of parameters that characterize turbulent flow combining intensity, periodicity, orientation and scale (IPOS; Lacey, Neary, Liao, Enders, & Tritico, 2012), but ecohydraulics research under field conditions in natural river systems remains rare, largely due to practical constraints. A novel combination of turbulence properties, computed from high‐frequency velocity time series, and underwater video of fish habitat use are presented here for two submerged large wood patches on a side channel of the Tagliamento River, Italy, providing insights into ecohydraulic interactions and the first known field application of the IPOS framework. Two adjacent wood patches of similar size reveal distinct differences in turbulence properties and fish habitat use, emphasizing the importance of considering the diverse properties of turbulent flow and reflecting the role of wood structural properties and position in determining the exact nature of hydraulic habitat. Key gradients in turbulence properties derived from multivariate analysis broadly align with IPOS categories, providing statistical validation for the IPOS framework. The application of IPOS to a habitat‐focused study demonstrates its utility in understanding and deriving key trends from large and complex turbulence data sets. The results also provide a preliminary indication that IPOS‐derived gradients may be helpful in explaining fish habitat selection, but these findings need further validation through high spatial resolution studies with different species and bioenergetics models. These insights support previous calls for inclusion of diverse turbulence parameters in ecohydraulics research and, where possible, more explicit consideration of turbulence properties in river assessment, conservation and restoration.
Energetic context determines species and community responses to ocean acidification
Authors: Brown Norah E. M. , Bernhardt Joey R. , Harley Christopher D. G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhysiological responses to ocean acidification are thought to be related to energetic trade‐offs. Although a number of studies have proposed that negative responses to low pH could be minimized in situations where food resources are more readily available, evidence for such effects on individuals remain mixed, and the consequences of such effects at the community level remain untested. We explored the potential for food availability and diet quality to modify the effects of acidification on developing marine fouling communities in field‐deployed mesocosms by supplementing natural food supply with one of two species of phytoplankton, differing in concentration of fatty acids. After 12 weeks, no species demonstrated the interactive effects generally predicted in the literature, where a positive overall effect of diet mitigated the negative overall effects of acidification. Rather, for some species, additional food supply appeared to bring out or exacerbate the negative effects of low pH. Community richness and structure were only altered by acidification, while space occupation and evenness reflected patterns of the most dominant species. Importantly, we find that acidification stress can increase the relative abundance of invasive species, even under resource conditions that otherwise prevented invasive species establishment. Overall, the proposed hypothesis regarding the ability for food addition to mitigate the negative effects of acidification is thus far not widely supported at species or community levels. It is clear that acidification is a strong driving force in these communities but understanding underlying energetic and competitive context is essential to developing mechanistic predictions for climate change responses.