bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimated Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Europe for the year 2020
Authors: Randi G , Dyba T , Martos C , Giusti F , Dimitrova N , Neamtiu L , Flego M , Nicholson N , Carvalho R , Bettio M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Up-to-date cancer burden indicators are essential to support political decision making, to enable epidemiological research and as an information source for citizens. Nevertheless, observed cancer incidence and mortality suffer from an endemic registration delay in the data production workflow. To overcome this, the European Commission's Joint Research Centre in collaboration with the WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer have computed estimates of cancer incidence and mortality, for the year 2020 and for European countries, in the framework of the European Cancer Information System (ECIS).

Methods
Predicted values for the year 2020 are based on the incidence data of more than 150 European population-based cancer registries included in the ECIS, and on the WHO mortality database. According to previously developed and applied methodology, the estimates of 2020 cancer incidence and mortality rates were produced for 40 European countries, on the basis of the most recent time trends of observed data, where possible. Estimated rates were then applied to the projected 2020 population from EUROSTAT, to calculate the predicted number of new cases and deaths for 2020 in each European country.

Results
The number of new cancer cases and deaths in 2020 has been estimated per country by sex and age group, for 25 major cancer sites. The results are included and disseminated through the ECIS web application (https://ecis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/).

Conclusions
The release of up-to-date cancer incidence and mortality estimates is of crucial importance in supporting evidence-based EU cancer policies. The homogeneity of the estimation methods applied throughout Europe guarantees the comparability of the estimated values between countries. Reliable and comparable estimates enable highlighting differences between countries in cancer incidence and mortality, thus facilitating the identification of possible intervention areas.

Key messages
The EC’s JRC, in collaboration with WHO’s IARC, have computed estimates of cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2020 for European countries, in the framework of the ECIS. The number of new cancer cases and deaths in 2020 has been estimated in 40 European countries for 25 major cancer sites and included in the ECIS web application (https://ecis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/).
Knowledge about human visceral leishmaniosis in an endemic area in Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: Machado D M R , Arias-Pacheco C A , Calchi A C , Ferraudo A S , Carvalho A A B , Pereira L E C , Ramalho W M , Melo M M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The timely detection and adequate attention of cases of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis can provide a reduction in the morbidity and mortality of this disease. This study evaluated the degree of knowledge about Human Visceral Leishmaniasis among professionals from basic health units in the municipality of Caruaru, an endemic area for Visceral Leishmaniasis in the state of Pernambuco-Brazil. From June to August 2017, questionnaires were applied to doctors and nurses of the units that presented cases and / or deaths due to LVH between the years 2006 and 2015. Regarding the results, it was possible to verify, from the analysis of multiple correspondence, important interdependence relations such as the lack of knowledge of the endemicity of the Municipality in question with the misinformation about treatment, in addition to the association between not knowing the etiologic agent of the disease and the lack of knowledge about the treatment and the municipal health unit, suggesting an impediment to the control of LVH. The results also demonstrated a general lack of knowledge regarding the etiological, epidemiological, assistance and surveillance aspects of this condition in the city and the need to train these professionals on the subject, considering that knowledge about visceral leishmaniasis is considered a protective factor and capable to reduce the risk of this disease occurring. Therefore, we emphasize the need to maintain, review and restructure the control and prevention measures already known and implemented. However, it is necessary to strengthen a valuable and fundamental area in the fight against the disease, that of health education, focusing mainly on primary care professionals, who are still the main source of welcome for sick individuals. These are fundamental to reduce the morbidity and mortality of human VL, as a link in the transmission chain, but also as perpetuators of information about the disease in order to prevent it through attitudes.

Key messages
One of the main impacts of this work is the applicability and utility in health services in Brazil and other countries that face neglected diseases such as visceral leishmaniasis. Another great contribution of this work is to demonstrate, in a practical example, how education is fundamental in prevention and health promotion strategies.
Effect of occupational hazards and safety practices among petrol attendants in Nigeria
Authors: Chijioke S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The petrol station attendants are the first point of contact to customers who visit the station to purchase fuel. They encounter several health hazard and health problems while working. This study was conducted to determine the occupational hazards, health problems and safety practices of petrol station attendants and subsequently to train the PSAs on the identified occupational hazard, associated health problems and safety practices while working.

Methods
This is an intervention study carried out among all consenting attendants working in filling stations owned by independent petroleum marketers in Enugu. Data was collected using semi structured interviewer-administered questionnaire cast in English language. The data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 23. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated. Level of significance was set at 5%.

Results
A total of 400 respondents participated in the study. The mean age of respondents was 24.3 ± 4.6 years for the male and female respectively. Hazards reported included inhalation of petrol fumes, confrontation from customers, armed robbery attack and noise. Health problems reported included headache, low back pain, sciatic pain, muscle spasm, eye irritation, dizziness, cough and nausea. Awareness about the correct use of personal protective equipment was very poor prior to the intervention but increased up to 94.5% immediately after the intervention. The results of this study shows that the PSAs who participated in this study were exposed to various health hazards. Awareness and use of PPE was very poor prior to the commencement of this study but significantly increased after the intervention.

Conclusions
Therefore, it's important to engage various stakeholders in this sector to ensure that owners of filling stations take responsibility for the health safety of their workers and ensure regular health education on safety practices.

Key messages
This study was conducted to determine the occupational hazards, health problems and safety practices of petrol station attendants and to train them. Relevant means and standard deviation were calculated. Inferential statistics were calculated using t-test, analysis of variance and Chi-square test.
Occupational exposure for asbestos-related disease groups: geomapping of the last 5 years in Italy
Authors: Vinci A , Ingravalle F , D'Ercole M , Mancinelli S , Lucaroni F , Palombi L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Asbestos-related diseases are a public health challenge in Italy: the country has been a major producer and user of asbestos since World War II until complete ban in 1992. Several contaminated sites and structures across the country have never been decontaminated: incidence peak of asbestos-related diseases is expected somewhen between 2015 and 2020. Study objective is to investigate incidence of asbestos-related diseases in Italy in the last 5 years, from both a chronological and geographical perspective.

Methods
Ascertained diagnoses of asbestos-related diseases among workers were collected from the INAIL public registry from 2014 to 2018. Yearly incidence rate was estimated per province (incident cases per million workers) and mapped by year. Global incidence quota by working sector and sub-sector was also calculated.

Results
8.620 cases have been reported. Incidence rate rapidly increased from 2014, peaking at 7,2 new cases per 100.000 workers in 2015. Afterwards, the number of ascertained cases decreased. There is a clear gradient distribution between northern and southern Italian provinces, with the highest rates in Northern Italy (especially in year 2014) and declining over time. Mesothelioma (all variants) was the most common disease, (2.995 cases, 35% of total), followed by pleural plaques (2.955 cases, 34%), pneumoconiosis (1.327 cases, 15%) and cancer of lungs/respiratory tract (1.298 cases, 14%). Most affected category was that of metal workers, but construction, transportation and electricity workers were also affected.

Conclusions
Detailed surveillance with mapping support is an effective tool for public health servants to locally manage prevention programs targeted on occupational risk. This is especially true for areas with active industries in the most affected sectors.

Key messages
Asbestos does not mean mesothelioma, but also other diseases that impact on workforce health status. Pneumoconiosis and other oral and respiratory cancers are also associated with asbestos exposure. Risk management should be tailored for a wider array of worker types than usually considered, since such exposure happens in sectors that are not traditionally related to asbestos exposure.
Psychosocial work environmental factors and workplace health, a systematic literature review
Authors: Lytsy P , Friberg E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The psychosocial work environment is of importance for the health of individuals and organizations. The aim was to map the existing knowledge, as presented in relevant and well performed systematic reviews, that have investigated associations between psychosocial work environment factors and relevant health related outcomes. Systematic reviews of existing knowledge were sought without time restriction in three electronic databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cinahl. A total of 42 systematic reviews of moderate or good quality studying psychosocial work factors' associations to individuals' health or the wellbeing of the organization were included. The main psychosocial work environment factors which were investigated were different models of strain due to stress, conflict and mobbing. About half of the included systematic reviews investigated associations between psychosocial work environment factors and mental health and about half of the systematic reviews investigated associations to somatic disorders, mainly cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders and pain. Most of the included systematic reviews based their results on workers/employees in general, whereas five systematic reviews focused on workers within health care and veterinary organizations, and a few focused on other work areas such as industrial workers, police and correctional workers, and people working with occupational groups affected by disasters. The vast majority of the included systematic reviews investigated psychosocial work environment factors as being risk factors for the development of illness, disease or consequences of disease, such as sick leave. A substantial amount of well performed systematic reviews add to the evidence that psychosocial work environmental factors can be viewed as risk factors for the development of illness, disease and consequences of diseases such as sick leave.

Key messages
A systematic mapping review of the existing knowledge about associations between psychosocial work environment factors and health related outcomes. The psychosocial work environment is of importance for the health of individuals as well as for the levels of sickness absence in organizations.
Structure of acute lethal poisonings in children: a retrospective study in the Moscow Region, Russia
Authors: Vlassov V V , Plis S S , Veselkina O V , Klevno V V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Poisonings are of major public health concern - they cause sickness and death in many children. The clinical case series are non-informative about the very severe intoxications. The objective of this study was to describe the spectrum of toxic substances leading to the death of children, and analyze the time trends and age differences.

Materials and Methods
We analyzed autopsy reports from the archives of the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of the Moscow Region over a 10-year period.

Results
Of total children's deaths in age 0 to 19 (n = 3873), unnatural death accounted for 71% of cases (n = 2750). In the structure of unnatural deaths, poisoning accounted for 15.56%. The average age of dead children is 11.2 ± 6.10 years (X + SD). Deaths of boys dominates (at least 60% in age older one year), mostly due to the higher frequency of poisoning with chemical/technical agents (p &lt; 0.01). Age groups are different by the causes of death (p &lt; 0.01): higher frequency of poisoning by carbon monoxide (p = 0.036) in younger children and in older children - by illicit drugs (p = 0,026). There was significant increase in frequency of fatal poisoning by therapeutic drugs and chemical-technical agents in 2016-2018 compared with the previous time interval (p &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
The most common cause of Russian children's death is the exposition to the carbon monoxide. The improvement in living conditions and heating technology is a major preventive measure. In the group of therapeutic drugs, the leading toxicant is drotaverine, and among technical substances - natural gas (as a recreational self-poisoning).

Key messages
Unnatural deaths a numerous in Russian children, and intoxication is one of the leading causes. Dangerous heating of the houses is a major and preventable cause of death by CO intoxication.
Surgical gloves' perforation rate and its associated factors in three Tunisian surgical departments
Authors: Tlili M A , Sridi H , Akouri M , Aouicha W , Belgacem A , Taghouti E , Lamine H , Said Latiri H , Ben Rejeb M , Mallouli M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Surgical teams rely on gloves as a barrier that can prevent transmission of microorganisms from the practitioners to the patient and from patient to surgical team. However, holes and micro-perforations may occur in gloving material exposing both patients and surgical team members to several complications. This study aimed to investigate the gloves' perforation rate and the factors associated with glove defect.

Methods
It is descriptive cross-sectional study. It was spread over a period of 3 months (January-March 2017) and was conducted at the University Hospital of Sahloul-Sousse (Tunisia) in three different surgical departments (urology, maxillofacial and general and digestive surgery). A data collection sheet was used by the researchers to collect data about the intervention and the surgical teams such the type and the duration of the intervention and the type of gloves used by the surgical teams. The post-surgery gloves were collected and tested to detect perforations using the water-leak test as described in the European Norm “NF EN 455-1”. For percentage comparison, the chi-square test was used with a significance threshold of 5%.

Results
A total of 284 gloves were collected from 36 procedures. Of these, 47 were found to be perforated with a perforation rate of 16.5%. All perforations were unnoticed by the surgical team members. The majority of perforated gloves (61.7%) were collected after urology procedures (p = 0.00005), 77% of perforated gloves were detected when the duration of the procedure exceeded 90 minutes (p = 0.001), and 96% of gloves were from brand A, which were the thicker gloves (p = 0.015)

Conclusions
This study highlighted an important problem neglected by the surgical teams, despite the risks that it can generate and its potentially severe consequences. In light of this study, we recommend systematic double-gloving and frequent changing of gloves to prevent the gloves' perforation and reduce its risks.

Key messages
Surgical teams must be aware of the importance of the problem of gloves perforation. The ﬁndings reaffirm the importance of double-gloving and changing gloves in surgeries of more than 90 minutes duration.
Proportion of Home and Leisure Accidents in mainland Portugal, in 2019
Authors: Alves T , Rodrigues E , Neto M , Mexia R , Matias-Dias C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Unintentional injuries are recognized by the World Health Organization and the European Union as a preventable public health problem contributing to mortality and morbidity burden and expression in the emergency department (ED). According to EuroSafe injury is the fourth most common cause of death within the EU, being the leading cause of death in the youngest.
Whereas injury related fatalities is only a part of the problem and more patients require hospital treatment it is essential measure the size of the injury problem and characteristics of these non-fatal injuries. Information from Injury Data-Base reveals that the majority of injury related ED attendances and hospital admissions result from accidents occur in home and during leisure times. So, the aim of this study it was to know the proportion of Home and Leisure Accidents (HLA) which needed attendance in the emergency rooms of the Hospitals National Health, in Portugal Mailand, in 2019.
For the analysis were considered the total number of NHS health entities that have an ED, SONHO information system and National injury surveillance system - EVITA System. Based on hospital emergency records in 2019, was obtained the total number of victims by HLA who needed assistance in this health services. In 2019, there were 526 786 ED attendances due to HLA, so about 11,3% of hospital ED attendances in mainland Portugal were caused by HLA. Globally, it was observed a proportion of HLA with admission in ED higher in males (12,9%) than females (10,1%). Disaggregating the data by age group, it was possible to observe a preponderance of males in victims aged less than or equal to 54 years. On the other hand, females showed a higher proportion in individuals aged 55 and over.
Additionally, victims aged 75 and over had the highest proportion of hospital admissions by HLA, both in females (15,5%) and males (13,1%). This study represented a relevant advance contributing to the revelation of the dimension of this problem in Portugal.

Key messages
The National Injury Surveillance System provides information that allows to know the dimension of this health problem in mainland Portugal. HLA represents 11,3 % of the total hospital ED attendances. HLA are the predominant cause of injury related ED attendances. Males and females have a different proportions of injury. Males aged 54 years and over have higher proportion of HLA than females.
Liquid migration and patterns of health service consumption
Authors: Reine I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Transnational migrants refuse to commit themselves to one national setting. Thus, the national social security administrations face a challenge to comply with EU regulations and directives on how the governmental and municipal forces and systems through economic policies, development agendas, social norms, social policies and political systems guarantee access to health services for European migrants. Using a longitudinal design, this study provides the most robust statistical assessment of the effect of migration on the patterns of health service consumption of Eastern European migrants. Using objective measurements and individual experiences of 6292 respondents, the study on Latvian migrants analyses perceived social insurance support (as it refers to health). The results suggest that the transnational migrants are aware of the quality, availability and costs of health services in their home country(-ies) and the country of origin. Despite the fear of the government of Latvia of the mass misuse of the social system, only four percent of the transnational migrants are using this possibility. The majority of the respondents admitted that they pay for the services themselves, and are mostly not aware or willing to use their rights in accordance with EU regulations. One of the main reasons for transnational migration depicting “medical tourism”, seems to be related to the health and social support needs, especially in regard to prophylactic check-ups, dentistry and different examinations not related to a serious illness. The results suggest that migrants in the EU are seeking for accessible and affordable health services disregard their social insurance benefits in any particular country. It remains to be studied what are the behavior patterns among migrants with acute and chronic conditions.

Key messages
The use of health services may not be related to the benefits of social insurance or economical aspects, rather on needs, quality and accessibility. Health services might trigger an extensive transnational migration, but not benefits because of social insurance.
The socio-economical impact of work related deaths: the problem of work precarization
Authors: Komoda D , Martins A C A , Cordeiro R C , Gerônimo C , Fernández M R B , Smania T G , Ruiz A M P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
According to ILO, 6000 people die of work-related conditions. In Brazil, 4th in the rank of deaths related to work, 1 person day each 4 hours due to fatal accidents related to work (FARW). This study is an attempt to provide an overview on the impact of FARW in the family of the deceased workers. This is an epidemiological study, part of a research, conducted by epiGeo, in the city of Campinas, Brazil, 2015 and 2020, when the families of 73 workers (out of 82) that died of FARW were interviewed. The aim of the interviews was to evaluate the social impacts of FARW in the families, considering pre-determined parameters as follows.
Out of 73 families interviewed, 15 (20.83%) of them didn't have access to the national social compensations, due to informality. Although 58 of the workers contributed to the national social security system, only 38 (65.55%) of them had access to social security pensions due to the death of their relatives. Regarding income, 47 families (64.38%) reported impacting decrease in income, and 5 of them (6,8%) reported extreme economical hardship. In the last two years Brazilian national policy regarding work-related rights has been changing greatly. According to the Brazilian Geography and Statistics Institute (IBGE), the number of informal jobs had achieved an astonishing record number of 11.7mi workers in 2019, which can have impacts not only on the informalization and precarization of work which will also increase the difficulties to the access to the social security system rights.
Further research should be conducted to understand why people are not having access to their social security rights. Health policy makers and health personnel must be aware of the impact on workers health and working conditions, caused by work precarization legislations. The socio-economic impact of work related deaths: the problem of work precarization.

Key messages
The precarization of work caused by work-related legislative reforms can cause severe impacts on social security access. Families of workers that died of work-related fatal accidents have an important negative impact on income.