bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary data on help‐seeking intentions and behaviors of individuals completing a widely available online screen for eating disorders in the United States
Authors: Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. , Balantekin Katherine N. , Graham Andrea K. , DePietro Bianca , Laing Olivia , Firebaugh Marie‐Laure , Smolar Lauren , Park Dan , Mysko Claire , Funk Burkhardt , Taylor C. Barr , Wilfley Denise E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveScaling an online screen that provides referrals may be key in closing the treatment gap for eating disorders (EDs), but we need to understand respondents' help‐seeking intentions and behaviors after receiving screen results. This study reported on these constructs among respondents to the National Eating Disorders Association online screen who screened positive or at high risk for an ED.MethodRespondents completed the screen over 18 months (February 9, 2018–August 28, 2019). Those screening positive or at high risk for an ED (n = 343,072) had the option to provide data on help‐seeking intentions (after screen completion) and behaviors (2‐month follow‐up).ResultsOf eligible respondents, 4.8% (n = 16,396) provided data on help‐seeking intentions, with only 33.7% of those reporting they would seek help. Only 7.6% of eligible respondents opted in to the 2‐month follow‐up, with 10.6% of those completing it (n = 2,765). Overall, 8.9% of respondents to the follow‐up reported being in treatment when they took the screen, 15.5% subsequently initiated treatment, and 75.5% did not initiate/were not already in treatment.DiscussionPreliminary results suggest that among the small minority who provided data, only one‐third expressed help‐seeking intentions and 16% initiated treatment. Online screening should consider ways to increase respondents' motivation for and follow‐through with care.
Rapid generation of ecologically relevant behavioral novelty in experimental cichlid hybrids
Authors: Feller Anna F. , Selz Oliver M. , McGee Matthew D. , Meier Joana I. , Mwaiko Salome , Seehausen Ole 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe East African cichlid radiations are characterized by repeated and rapid diversification into many distinct species with different ecological specializations and by a history of hybridization events between nonsister species. Such hybridization might provide important fuel for adaptive radiation. Interspecific hybrids can have extreme trait values or novel trait combinations and such transgressive phenotypes may allow some hybrids to explore ecological niches neither of the parental species could tap into. Here, we investigate the potential of second‐generation (F2) hybrids between two generalist cichlid species from Lake Malawi to exploit a resource neither parental species is specialized on: feeding by sifting sand. Some of the F2 hybrids phenotypically resembled fish of species that are specialized on sand sifting. We combined experimental behavioral and morphometric approaches to test whether the F2 hybrids are transgressive in both morphology and behavior related to sand sifting. We then performed a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using RADseq markers to investigate the genetic architecture of morphological and behavioral traits. We show that transgression is present in several morphological traits, that novel trait combinations occur, and we observe transgressive trait values in sand sifting behavior in some of the F2 hybrids. Moreover, we find QTLs for morphology and for sand sifting behavior, suggesting the existence of some loci with moderate to large effects. We demonstrate that hybridization has the potential to rapidly generate novel and ecologically relevant phenotypes that may be suited to a niche neither of the parental species occupies. Interspecific hybridization may thereby contribute to the rapid generation of ecological diversity in cichlid radiations.
Elaboration of an algae‐to‐energy system and recovery of water and nutrients from municipal sewage
Authors: Laubscher Richard K. , Cowan A. Keith 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIncreasing pressure is being exerted on the peri‐urban space that has elevated the demand for electricity, affects the global water resource, and impacts the potential to produce food, fiber, and commodity products. Algae‐based technologies and in particular algae‐based sewage treatment provides an opportunity for recovery of water for recycle and re‐use, sequestration of greenhouse gases, and generation of biomass. Successful coupling of municipal sewage treatment to an algae‐to‐energy facility depends largely on location, solar irradiance, and temperature to achieve meaningful value recovery. In this paper, an algae‐to‐energy sewage treatment system for implementation in southern Africa is elaborated. Using results from the continued operation of an integrated algal pond system (IAPS), it is shown that this 500‐person equivalent system generates 75 kL per day water for recycle and re‐use and, ∼9 kg per day biomass that can be converted to methane with a net energy yield of ∼150 MJ per day, and ∼0.5 kL per day of high nitrogen‐containing liquid effluent (>1 g/L) with potential for use as organic fertilizer. It is this opportunity that IAPS‐based algae‐to‐energy sewage treatment provides for meaningful energy and co‐product recovery within the peri‐urban space and, which can alleviate pressure on an already strained water–energy–food nexus.
Case study on the mining‐induced stress evolution of an extra‐thick coal seam under hard roof conditions
Authors: Li Cong , Xie Heping , Gao Mingzhong , Xie Jing , Deng Guangdi , He Zhiqiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA strong mining disturbance may cause the superposition of local stresses and serious disasters such as crushed supports and severely destroyed roadways. To study the distribution law of mining‐induced stress under hard roof conditions, an advance abutment pressure distribution model was developed. By monitoring the support pressure, a novel method of reckoning intensive factors was proposed, and then, the pressure distribution characteristics were obtained. An innovative in situ test of the mining‐induced stress increment was performed. At the Tongxin coal mine, the field monitoring of no. 8309 working face revealed the following. (a) The peak position of the fully mechanized working face with a hard roof was 5.9 m away from the mining face in which the average intensive factor K was 1.48. The pressure of the single props developed could be roughly divided into the fluctuation, slow increase, and stable stages. (b) A theoretical model of the stress evolution of the working face was proposed. Using an in situ uniaxial compression test, a law governing the variation of the advance abutment pressure was developed. The peak strength was reported to be 36 MPa, which is consistent with the advance prop pressure. (c) Mining‐induced stress violently fluctuated during the process of top coal caving; the K values in the supports in the middle of the working face and their rates of growth were apparently higher than those in the end supports. A Gaussian distribution of K was established for this phenomenon. The results obtained provide first‐hand data for safe and efficient mining under similar geological conditions.
Why understanding multiplex social network structuring processes will help us better understand the evolution of human behavior
Authors: Atkisson Curtis , Górski Piotr J. , Jackson Matthew O. , Hołyst Janusz A. , D'Souza Raissa M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSocial scientists have long appreciated that relationships between individuals cannot be described from observing a single domain, and that the structure across domains of interaction can have important effects on outcomes of interest (e.g., cooperation; Durkheim, 1893). One debate explicitly about this surrounds food sharing. Some argue that failing to find reciprocal food sharing means that some process other than reciprocity must be occurring, whereas others argue for models that allow reciprocity to span domains in the form of trade (Kaplan and Hill, 1985.). Multilayer networks, high‐dimensional networks that allow us to consider multiple sets of relationships at the same time, are ubiquitous and have consequences, so processes giving rise to them are important social phenomena. The analysis of multi‐dimensional social networks has recently garnered the attention of the network science community (Kivelä et al., 2014). Recent models of these processes show how ignoring layer interdependencies can lead one to miss why a layer formed the way it did, and/or draw erroneous conclusions (Górski et al., 2018). Understanding the structuring processes that underlie multiplex networks will help understand increasingly rich data sets, giving more accurate and complete pictures of social interactions.
Chemical and flavor profile changes of cocoa beans (Theobroma cacaoL.) during primary fermentation
Authors: Fang Yiming , Li Rui , Chu Zhong , Zhu Kexue , Gu Fenglin , Zhang Yanjun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis survey reports for the first time the changed of quality of fermented cocoa (Theobroma cacaoL.) beans. The quality evaluation and simultaneous detection of amino acids, flavor, procyanidin, color, fat, protein, antioxidant activity, and enthalpy were obtained for different fermentation stages of cocoa beans. The results showed that total essential amino acids contents ranged from 2.64 g/100 g to 3.68 g/100 g. A total of 88 compounds identified at the end of the fermentation belonged to alcohols, acids, esters, ketones, pyrazines, aldehydes, and terpenoids. One of the chemical groups that were present in highest abundance in the consummation treatments was acids, representing 56.04% of the total extracted area, followed by alcohols (22.95%) and ketones (9.40%). The colors of the beans in different fermentation stages were different, from deep purple to deep red‐brown. Fermented cocoa beans were shown to be 53.45% and 13.51% bean butter and protein content, respectively. The value of denaturation enthalpy (ΔH) ranged from 30.4 (J/g) to 43.38 (J/g). The 3‐day fermented sample had the highest ΔH(43.38 J/g). When the fermentation process was complete, the procyanidin concentration of the beans decreased, with the final yield of procyanidin at 6.2%. During fermentation, the antioxidant capacity of beans gradually reduced. The fermenting of cocoa beans had a significant effect on the quality formation. The findings of this study constitute a basis for further investigations on the quality formation of cocoa during fermentation.
Retracted: Kweichow Moutai ameliorates alcohol‐induced liver fibrosis in mice by targeting the NFκB pathway
Authors: Yang Tao , Feng Yu , Zhang Yifan , Wang Wei , Zhang Shutian , Yang Sijin , Hong Ming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrevious epidemiological and histopathological studies have demonstrated that long‐term computation of Kweichow Moutai liquor (Moutai) could induce fatty liver disease but few of these patients with fatty liver will develop hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. Moutai liquor has a different brewing technique from other white wine, which may generate various microorganisms in the unique geographical conditions and may produce plenty of vitamins, amino acids, and several essential microelements. In the current study, we evaluated the potential protective effect of Moutai liquor in alcohol‐induced liver fibrosis mouse model. Both in vivo and in vitro studies were performed for exploring the possible mechanisms in suppressing liver fibrosis by Moutai. We demonstrated that Moutai treatment induced hepatic stellate cell (HSC) apoptosis and suppressed collagen deposition, as well as attenuated hepatic fibrosis. The antifibrosis mechanism of Moutai was possibly related with the inhibition of Kupffer cell and HSC activation via suppressing NFκB nuclear translocation and preventing the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. It is worth noting that although Moutai attenuates liver fibrosis, it still causes lipid metabolic abnormalities in mouse liver and induces fatty liver. Kweichow Moutai may ameliorate alcohol‐induced liver fibrosis in mice by targeting the NFκB pathway.
Sociodemographic correlates of head and neck cancer survival among patients with metastatic disease
Authors: Pannu Jaibir S. , Simpson Matthew C. , Donovan Connor L. , Adjei Boakye Eric , Mass Katherine , Challapalli Sai D. , Varvares Mark A. , Osazuwa‐Peters Nosayaba 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo describe sociodemographic factors associated with head and neck cancer (HNC) survival among patients with distant metastatic disease.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed national data for 2889 adult patients with metastatic HNC (2007‐2015). We used Fine and Gray competing risks proportional hazard models, stratified by oropharyngeal cancer status, controlled for sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, and insurance status), and accounted for multiple testing.ResultsMedian survival time was 11 months (15 months for patients married/partnered; 13 months for patients with non‐Medicaid insurance; P < .01). Among patients with oropharyngeal cancer, being married/partnered was associated with lower mortality hazard (sdHRdivorced/separated = 1.37, 97.5% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07, 1.75; and sdHRnever married = 1.43, 97.5% CI = 1.14, 1.80), as was having non‐Medicaid insurance (sdHRuninsured = 1.44, 97.5% CI = 1.02, 2.04).ConclusionsHealth insurance and marital status are sociodemographic factors associated with survival among HNC patients with distant metastatic disease, especially in oropharyngeal cases.
Spatial‐temporal characteristics of AIDS incidences in Mainland China
Authors: Wu Zhigang , Liang Weining , Chen Weikang , Chang Yanxiang , Liu Yanlong , Liu Xiaodong , Huang Hong , Shang Xuejun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectRevealed the spatial‐temporal patterns of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) incidences in Mainland China.MethodsEmpirical orthogonal function (EOF) technique was applied to analyze the major spatial distribution modes and the temporal changes of AIDS incidences in Mainland China during 2002‐2017.ResultsThe annual average AIDS incidences increased from 0.06 per 100 000 in 2002 to 4.15 per 100 000 in 2017, with an annual average increase of 0.31 per 100 000. The southwest regions were high‐incidence areas, as well as Xinjiang province in the northwest. There were two typical spatial modes. EOF 1 represented an isodirectional spatial pattern that the incidences were relatively high in general, and the fluctuation ranges were relatively high in the southwest and northeast. EOF 2 represented a reverse spatial pattern that the incidences were relatively high (or low) in Guangxi, Yunnan, Xinjiang, Shanghai, and Henan, yet were relatively low (or high) in the remaining regions.ConclusionThe AIDS incidences in Mainland China were relatively low during 2002‐2010, yet were kept in a relatively high level since 2012. The prevention and control of AIDS need further development, especially in the southwest regions.
Scalable manufacture of vertical p‐GaN/n‐SnO2 heterostructure for self‐powered ultraviolet photodetector, solar cell and dual‐color light emitting diode
Authors: Su Longxing , Zuo Yuqing , Xie Jin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVertical SnO2 based p‐n junctions are pivotal since they built the core components in photoelectronic systems. Nevertheless, preparation of high‐quality p‐SnO2 with controllable hole mobility and concentration is still a great challenge owing to the self‐compensating effect and lattice distortion caused by the radius discrepancy between host and doped atoms. Herein, p type GaN:Mg grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition is employed as hole transportation layer to construct p‐n heterojunction with intrinsic n‐SnO2 prepared by atomic layer deposition. Both material preparation techniques are compatible with current industrial mass production processes. The p‐GaN/n‐SnO2 heterojunction can be developed as solar cell, dual‐color light emitting diode and self‐powered, high speed ultraviolet (UV) photodetector with external quantum efficiency of 74% at 0 V bias voltage. In addition, direct recombination of donor bound excitons (D0X) and UV emission red shifts caused by quantum confinement Stack effect are observed in SnO2. Since our device fabrication technique is a standard craft in photoelectronics, the study of p‐GaN/n‐SnO2 heterojunction suggests a simple and effective strategy for large scale device integration in next generation high performance photoelectronic devices.image
Optically activated and interrogated plasmonic hydrogels for applications in wound healing
Authors: Milanesi Alessio , Magni Giada , Centi Sonia , Schifino Gioacchino , Aluigi Annalisa , Khlebtsov Boris N. , Cavigli Lucia , Barucci Andrea , Khlebtsov Nikolai G. , Ratto Fulvio , Rossi Francesca , Pini Roberto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe disclose the use of hybrid materials featuring Au/Ag core/shell nanorods in porous chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol scaffolds for applications in tissue engineering and wound healing. The combination of Au and Ag in a single construct provides synergistic opportunities for optical activation of functions as near infrared laser tissue bonding, and remote interrogation to return parameters of prognostic relevance in wound healing monitoring. In particular, the bimetallic component ensures optical tunability, enhanced shelf life and photothermal stability, serves as a reservoir of germicidal silver cations, and changes in near‐infrared and visible color according to the environmental level of oxidative stress. At the same time, the polymeric blend is ideal to bind connective tissue upon photothermal activation, and to support fabrication processes that provide high porosity, such as electrospinning, thus putting all the premises for cellular repopulation and antimicrobial protection.
Recombinant Human BMP6 Applied Within Autologous Blood Coagulum Accelerates Bone Healing: Randomized Controlled Trial in High Tibial Osteotomy Patients
Authors: Chiari Catharina , Grgurevic Lovorka , Bordukalo-Niksic Tatjana , Oppermann Hermann , Valentinitsch Alexander , Nemecek Elena , Staats Kevin , Schreiner Markus , Trost Carmen , Kolb Alexander , Kainberger Franz , Pehar Sanja , Milosevic Milan , Martinovic Snjezana , Peric Mihaela , Sampath T Kuber , Vukicevic Slobodan , Windhager Reinhard 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are potent osteogenic proteins that induce new bone formation in vivo. However, their effect on bone healing in the trabecular bone surfaces remains challenging. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of recombinant human BMP6 (rhBMP6) applied within an autologous blood coagulum (ABC) in a surgically created wedge defect of the proximal tibia in patients undergoing high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for varus deformity and medial osteoarthritis of the knee. We enrolled 20 HTO patients in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded phase I/II clinical trial. RhBMP6/ABC (1.0 mg/10 mL ABC prepared from peripheral blood) or placebo (10 mL ABC containing excipients) was administered into the tibial wedge defects. Patients were followed for 0 to 24 months by clinical examination (safety) and computed tomography (CT) and serial radiographic analyses (efficacy). The results show that there were no detectable anti-rhBMP6 antibodies in the blood of any of the 20 patients at 14 weeks after implantation. During the 24 months of follow-up, there were no serious adverse reactions recorded. The CT scans from defects of patients treated with rhBMP6/ABC showed an accelerated bone healing compared with placebo at 9 weeks (47.8 ± 24.1 versus 22.2 ± 12.3 mg/cm3; p = 0.008) and at 14 weeks (89.7 ± 29.1 versus 53.6 ± 21.9 mg/cm3; p = 0.006) follow-up. Radiographic analyses at weeks 6 and 24 and months 12 and 24 suggested the advanced bone formation and remodeling in rhBMP6/ABC-treated patients. In conclusion, we show that rhBMP6/ABC at a dose of 100 μg/mL accelerated bone healing in patients undergoing HTO without serious adverse events and with a good tolerability compared with placebo alone. Overall, for the first time, a BMP-based osteogenic implant was examined against a placebo for bone healing efficacy in the trabecular bone surface, using an objective bone mineral density measurement system. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
DosePredict: A Shiny Application for Generalized Pharmacokinetics‐Based Dose Predictions
Authors: Okour Malek 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn drug development, dose prediction is a routinely conducted quantitative data analysis. It involves combining available relevant preclinical and/or clinical data to conduct modeling and simulation analyses where various dose prediction scenarios are usually considered. As further data emerges during drug development, dose prediction may undergo several rounds of refinement. In this article, I present DosePredict, a Shiny‐based graphical user interface software that can be used for the conduct of dose predictions. DosePredict is built based on pharmacokinetic (PK) models, including 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐compartment models. The user specifies the desired PK model and then provides input parameter values and variables associated with the evaluated dose prediction scenario. On that basis, DosePredict conducts stochastic simulations for a specified number of subjects and follows that by providing detailed PK and dose prediction outputs. An HTML report can then be generated in which all the input parameters and variables and all the output plots and tables are captured. DosePredict is deployed through the Shiny server. A Shiny dose prediction software, DosePredict, was developed to assist scientists involved in the drug discovery and development process in their dose prediction analyses. This software comes as a step forward in developing individualized solutions as it provides a comprehensive dose prediction analysis. The software allows for expediting the analysis process in a reproducible manner, therefore allowing exploration of various scenarios in a timely fashion.
Teaching vs learning: Impact of deliberate practice and formative feedback on developing point of care ultrasound skills
Authors: Schott Christopher K. , Kode Karthik R. , Mader Michael J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeThe study investigators hypothesized that Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) training through bolus didactic and workshop experiences may be sufficient for trainees to learn the cognitive aspects, while an extended period of exposure with formative feedback is responsible for developing the psychomotor skills critical for POCUS.MethodsThe investigators studied trainees over the course of an academic year. They compared trainees' performance on written (cognitive) and observed image acquisition (psychomotor) exams at baseline and at each subsequent quarter, using a stepped‐wedge design. They performed linear regression analysis to determine which variables contributed to knowledge and psychomotor skill development.ResultsTwenty‐six trainees met the study requirements and participated in the POCUS curriculum. Participating in a POCUS rotation was consistently associated with an increase in psychomotor scores. There was no consistent variable to predict an increase in trainee's score on written knowledge assessments.ConclusionsExtended exposure to POCUS over a 4‐week rotation with direct and indirect formative feedback can explain difference in scores on psychomotor skills assessments. Trainees scored similarly on the written assessment with or without a POCUS rotation. Training through didactic and workshop experiences may be sufficient to learn the cognitive aspects, but not psychomotor skills required for POCUS.