bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling Hidden Interactions in Complex Systems with Deep Learning
Authors: Ha Seungwoong , Jeong Hawoong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rich phenomena from complex systems have long intrigued researchers, and yet modeling system micro-dynamics and inferring the forms of interaction remain challenging for conventional data-driven approaches, being generally established by human scientists. In this study, we propose AgentNet, a model-free data-driven framework consisting of deep neural networks to reveal and analyze the hidden interactions in complex systems from observed data alone. AgentNet utilizes a graph attention network with novel variable-wise attention to model the interaction between individual agents, and employs various encoders and decoders that can be selectively applied to any desired system. Our model successfully captured a wide variety of simulated complex systems, namely cellular automata (discrete), the Vicsek model (continuous), and active Ornstein--Uhlenbeck particles (non-Markovian) in which, notably, AgentNet's visualized attention values coincided with the true variable-wise interaction strengths and exhibited collective behavior that was absent in the training data. A demonstration with empirical data from a flock of birds showed that AgentNet could identify hidden interaction ranges exhibited by real birds, which cannot be detected by conventional velocity correlation analysis. We expect our framework to open a novel path to investigating complex systems and to provide insight into general process-driven modeling.
Pharmacy Services for the 2019 Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) World Masters Championships in Gwangju, South Korea
Authors: Yang In Kyu , Shin Eun Ok , Kim Dong Gyun , Jung Hyun Cheol , Kim Kwang Joon , Ki Sung Hwan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The role of sports pharmacists is being emphasized in international athletic events. This study aimed to describe the pharmacy services for the 2019 Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) World Masters Championships in Gwangju, South Korea. Method: Research focused on athletes and coaching staff who received medications after visiting medical centers and pharmacies located in the athletes’ village from July 5 to July 29, 2019. Education courses for full-time and volunteer pharmacists were provided three times. We collected daily pharmacy operation results and prescription interventions. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, and were expressed as frequency (%). ﻿Results: Throughout the tournament, 633 patients received medication at the athletes’ village pharmacy (gender: 338 men [53.4%], 295 women [46.6%]; nationality: 299 Korean [47.2%], 334 foreign [52.8%]; patient class: 150 athletes [23.7%], 427 non-athletes [67.5%]). Therapy for musculoskeletal disorders was the most common (29, 19.3%), and oral NSAIDs (56, 21.9%) were the most frequently dispensed medication in athletes. Pharmacists intervened for 47 out of 491 prescriptions (9.6%), with dosage change (21, 44.7%) being the most common intervention type. Conclusion: This study on the operation and performance of pharmacies at the FINA World Masters Championships is a useful reference for pharmacy services at international or domestic sports events.
WITHDRAWN: Dimensional Optimization of Multi-legged Climbing Robot for Asteriod Exploration Based on Performance Atlas
Authors: Wen Qingpeng , He Jun , Gao Feng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Multi-legged climbing robots have appealing applications to extreme terrain on asteroids with the microgravity. The robot usually consists of multiple legs and grippers with hierarchical arrays of microspines. The dimensional optimization of the robot with the complicated structure is still a challenge. This paper proposes a multi-parameter grouping optimization method for the multi- legged climbing robot based on performance atlas. First, the structure of the multi-legged climbing robot is described and the kinematic model is established. Second, four performance evaluation indices of the robot, namely the global conditioning index (GCI), the global stiffness index (GSI), the global transmission index(GTI), and the global adhesion efficiency index (GAEI), are derived from the kinematic equations. Third, 11 dimensional parameters of the robot are catergorized into three groups and the detailed optimization process is poposed. Non-dimensional design spaces of three groups of parameters are established and performance atlases regarding the aforementioned evaluation indices are drawn. Finally, the optimal diemensions of the robot are obtained. Besides, the proposed multi-parameter optimization method can be further applied to other legged robots, and the global adhesion efficiency index can be used to guide the design of other grippers.
Salinity Depression in Vitro Impress the Growth Potential and, Mediates the Antioxidants Pool and the Tolerance Genes Expression of Grapevine
Authors: Aazami Mohammad , Hassanpouraghdam Mohammad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Undoubtedly, salinity is the major environmental stress affecting the crops growth, development and yield. Grapevine is a dominant horticulture crop and mildly sensitive to the salinity. Salinity triggers variations at the cellular and molecular levels and hence induces some specific genes expression. The responses of two grapevine cultivars (Fakhri and Sultanin) were evaluated for its tolerance to the salinity stress in vitro. The results for the explants exposed to the salinity revealed that the viability, fresh weight of the regenerated explant and the proliferation rate were declined compared to the control ones. The activity of SOD enzyme and MDA content were increased with salinity. However, protein content declined. There was no significant difference in CAT and APX activities with the salinity treatment. With salinity adding up, the DREB/CBFs genes expression pattern was significantly increased in both cultivars. ‘Fakhri’ was more responsive in growth parameters and the activity of antioxidant enzymes and higher expression rate of DREB/CBFs under salinity compared to the variety ‘Sultanin’.
Nowcasting Earthquakes in Sulawesi Island, Indonesia
Authors: Pasari Sumanta , Simanjuntak Andrean VH , Sharma Yogendra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Large devastating events such as earthquakes often display frequency-magnitude statistics that exhibit power-law distribution. In this study, we implement a new method of nowcasting (Rundle et al. 2016) to evaluate the current state of earthquake hazards in the seismic prone Sulawesi province, Indonesia. The nowcasting technique considers statistical behavior of small event counts, known as natural times, to infer the seismic progression of large earthquake cycles in a defined region. To develop natural time statistics in the Sulawesi Island, we employ four probability models, namely exponential, exponentiated exponential, gamma, and Weibull distribution. Statistical inference of natural times reveals that (i) exponential distribution has the best representation to the observed data; (ii) estimated nowcast scores (%) corresponding to M≥6.5 events for 21 cities are Bau-bau (41), Bitung (70), Bone (44), Buton (39), Donggala (63), Gorontalo (49), Kendari (27), Kolaka (30), Luwuk (56), Makassar (52), Mamuju (58), Manado (70), Morowali (37), Palopo (34), Palu (62), Pare-pare (82), Polewali (61), Poso (42), Taliabu (55), Toli-toli (58), and Watampone (55); and (iii) the results are broadly consistent to the changes of magnitude threshold and area of local regions. Therefore, the present nowcasting analysis, similar to the traditional earthquake hazard assessment techniques, offers a simple yet versatile metric to the scientists, engineers and policymakers to examine the current state of earthquake hazards in the thickly populated Sulawesi Island.
Construction of immune scores to predict patient prognosis and response of anti-PD1 treatment in stage III-IV melanoma
Authors: Li Wei , Xiao Haitao , Xu Xuewen , Zhang Yange 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells were demonstrated to be associated with patient survival and responses of targeted therapy. However, in melanoma, there is no reliable and individualized prognostic signatures based on comprehensive evaluation of the immune profile inferred from bulk tumor transcriptomes. In this study, we aimed to develop immunoscores associated with prognosis and responses of anti-PD1 targeted therapy in stage III-IV melanoma.Methods: The immunoscore and immunoscore-based prognostic nomogram were constructed based on the melanoma cohort from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and validated in the population from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Besides, in another cohort obtained from the GEO database, we developed an immunoscore for predicting responses of anti-PD1 therapy. Twenty-two types of immune cell fraction were estimated using CIBERSORT. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression model was utilized to develop individualized immunoscores.Results: With the Lasso regression, an immunoscore was constructed consisting of nine types of immune cell subtypes. In both of the training (192 cases) and validation (227 cases) cohorts, significant difference was observed between immunoscore-low and immunoscore-high groups in overall survival (OS). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that the immunoscore was an independent prognostic factor (P < 0.001) for OS. The prognostic value of the immunoscore was also confirmed by the ROC curves. Nomogram integrating immunotype and other clinical characteristics also showed good discrimination, calibration and usability in both of the training and validation cohorts. Finally, in another GEO cohort (218 cases), an immunoscore was constructed based on nine immune cell types for predicting anti-PD1 therapy response. Conclusion: The proposed immunoscores represent promising models for estimating overall survival and anti-PD1 treatment response in patients with stage III-IV melanoma.
Phenotypic effects of Am genomes in nascent synthetic hexaploids derived from interspecific crosses between durum and wild einkorn wheat
Authors: Michikawa Asami , Okada Moeko , Ikeda Tatsuya , Nagaki Kiyotaka , Yoshida Kentaro , Takumi Shigeo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Allopolyploid speciation is a major evolutionary process in wheat (Triticum spp.) and the related Aegilops species. The generation of synthetic polyploids by interspecific crosses artificially reproduces the allopolyploidization of wheat and its relatives. These synthetic polyploids allow breeders to introduce agriculturally important traits into durum and common wheat cultivars. This study aimed to evaluate genetic and phenotypic diversity in wild einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. aegilopoides) accessions, to generate a set of synthetic hexaploid lines containing the various Am genomes from wild einkorn, and to reveal their agronomic characteristics.Results We examined the genetic diversity of 43 wild einkorn accessions using simple sequence repeat markers covering all the chromosomes and revealed two genetically divergent lineages, L1 and L2. The genetic divergence between these lineages was linked to their phenotypic divergence and the climate of their habitats. L1 accessions were characterized by early flowering, fewer spikes, large spikelets, and low-density spikelets compared to L2 accessions. These trait differences could have resulted from adaptation to their different habitats. We then developed 42 synthetic lines containing the AABBAmAm genome through interspecific crosses between T. turgidum cv. Langdon (AABB genome) as the female parent and the wild einkorn accessions (AmAm genome) as the male parents. Two of the 42 AABBAmAm synthetic lines exhibited hybrid dwarfism. Phenotypic variation, especially for days to flowering and spikelet-related traits, in the synthetic lines was significantly correlated with that in their wild einkorn parents. The phenotypic divergence between L1 and L2 accessions also reflected phenotypic differences among the synthetic lines. Furthermore, the AABBAmAm synthetic lines had longer spikelets and grains, long awns, high plant heights, soft grains, and late flowering, which are distinct from other synthetic hexaploid wheat lines such as AABBAA and AABBDD. Conclusions Wild einkorn genetically and phenotypically diverged into two lineages. The phenotypic variations in the synthetic lines reflected the divergence among wild einkorn. Utilization of various Am genomes of wild einkorn resulted in wide phenotypic diversity in the AABBAmAm synthetic hexaploids and provides promising new breeding materials for wheat.
Expression of TCF7L2 in Glioma and Relation With Clinicopathological Characteristics and Patient Overall Survival
Authors: JING S.-Y. , CHEN L. , HAN S. , LIU N. , HAN M.-Y. , YANG Y.-K. , Yan Chang-xiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: TCF7L2 gene is known as transcription factor 7-like 2 which has been identified as a novel transcription factor epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells at 10q25.3. TCF7L2 may affect cancer progression and plays a central role in cancer proliferation, migration and invasion. However, its clinical and prognostic value have not been researched in glioma. The purpose of our study was to research TCF7L2 expression and evaluate the clinical value of prognosis.Method: We collected glioma specimens including low-grade glioma (n=46)and glioblastoma (n=51) from September 2015 to September 2017.Expression of TCF7L2 in 97 specimens were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).The chi-square test was applied to analyze the relationship between TCF7L2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics. The overall survival (OS) was analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis, the survival curves were drew by Kaplan-Meier. Univariate and multivariate analysis were utilized to analyze the relationship between prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics including TCF7L2 expression.RESULTS: Compared with low-grade glioma group, the expression of TCF7L2 was significantly increased (p<0.05). TCF7L2 overexpression was associated with large tumor volume (p=0.03), higher WHO grade (p=0.001), and recurrence (p=0.001). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis proved that overexpressed TCF7L2 was related with poor OS (p< 0.05).The multivariate analysis suggested that TCF7L2 expression was an independent prognostic factor.CONCLUSIONS: Our research proved that TCF7L2 was over- expressed in glioblastoma, and, related with tumor prognosis, which, therefore, could be an independent prognostic factor for glioma patients.
Unmet Need for Modern Family Planning and associated factors among Women Attending HIV Care Services at Rural Area Public Health facilities in South Gondar, Ethiopia.
Authors: Adugna Mulgeta , Boke Moges Muluneh , Tariku Amare 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction: To achieve the elimination of mother to child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), preventing unintended pregnancy and reducing the high unmet need for family planning among HIV positive women was crucial. Despite being crucial little has been known on the unmet need for family planning and its determinants among women living with HIV in the rural area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of unmet need for modern family planning and its determinants among women Attending HIV Care Services at rural Public Health Facilities.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2020 in rural South Gondar. A total of 931 respondents were included in the study. To recruit respondents a multi-stage sampling technique was used. The data were collected using a pretested and semi-structured questionnaire. Data were entered by Epi data version 4.6 and exported to Stata version 14 for analysis. Variables with a p-value<0.2 in the bivariable logistic regression model were fitted to the multivariable logistic regression model. Adjusted Odds ratio with 95% CI was computed and variables with P-value < 0.05 in the multivariable analysis were taken as significant determinants.Results: The prevalence of unmet need for family planning was 25.67% with 95% CI (22.96­28.58). Age group (35­49) (AOR=6.5,95% CI (2.86,14.66)), education status (9­12) (AOR=0.25,95%CI (0.10,0.61)), history of ever use Contraception (AOR=3.9, 95%CI (2.28, 6.67)), having five and above parity (AOR=5.1, 95%CI (2.08, 12.43)) and not Counselling for contraception (AOR =4.2, 95 CI, (1.91, 9.37)) were determinant for unmet need of contraception among HIV positive women in South Gondar.Conclusion: prevalence of unmet need for family planning was high. It was mainlyInfluenced by last reproductive age group (35-49)), education (9-12), having no experience of contraception use, having five and above parity, and no counseling for contraception. Therefore, family planning programs need to focus on old (35-49) reproductive age women, and multi-para women.
Assessment of knowledge and attitude regarding risk factors of cardio vascular disease among general people residing in Nepalgunj, Banke; Nepal
Authors: Tharu Ramesh Prasad , Rawal Shirya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Cardio vascular disease (CVD) is a group of disorders of heart and blood vessels. It is the leading cause of death not only in developed but also in developing countries like Nepal. However, knowledge and attitude about risk factors of CVD have not yet studied in mid-western part of Nepal. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding risk factors of CVD among general people residing in Nepalgunj, Banke; Nepal. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. The pre-tested structured and self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data during the month of July to August 2019, and analysed using SPSS software version 21. The descriptive analysis was performed using frequencies, percentage, mean SD. Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression (MNLR) analysis were used to identify the statistically significant factors associated with knowledge and attitude.Results: Of total 150 subjects, 23.3%, 40.7% and 36.0% of the respondents respectively had good, average and poor knowledge. Likewise, 51.3% had unfavourable, 36.0% neutral and 12.7% favourable attitude towards risk factors of CVD. MNLR analysis revealed that education, gender and profession were significant predictor variables in association with the level of CVD knowledge and attitude: illiterates were 67% less likely (AOR = 0.330, 95% CI: 0.117–0.929, P = 0.036 < 0.05) to have good knowledge about risk factors of CVD compared with literates. Participants having government jobs were 12.673 times more likely (AOR = 12.673, 95% CI: 1.475–108.884, P = 0.021 < 0.05) to have good knowledge compared to those participants involving in agriculture. Males were 69.9% less likely (AOR = 0.301, 95% CI: 0.140–0.648, P = 0.002 < 0.05) to have unfavourable attitude in comparison to female over neutral attitude, and illiterates were 4.158 times more likely(AOR = 4.158, 95% CI: 1.707–10.128, P = 0.002< 0.05) to have unfavourable attitude more than literates. Conclusion: The findings of the study concluded that, the knowledge about CVD was adequate among general people, however the attitude was unfavourable. Thus, health awareness campaigns such as NTCP, DMP, MMMP needs to be implemented to develop knowledge and improve in attitude about risk factors of CVD.
Converging or Diverging Trajectories of Mortality Under One Year of Age in the Baltic States: a Comparison With the European Union
Authors: Genowska Agnieszka , Strukcinskiene Birute , Villerusa Anita , Konstantynowicz Jerzy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background. Information about trends in perinatal and child health inequalities is scarce, especially in the Eastern Europe. We analyzed how mortality under one year of age has been changing in the Baltic States and the European Union (EU) over 25 years, and what associations occurred between changes in macroeconomic factors and mortality. Methods. Data on fetal, neonatal, infant mortality, and macroeconomic factors were extracted from WHO database. Joinpoint regression analysis was performed to analyze time trajectories of mortality over 1990–2014. We also investigated how the changes in health expenditures and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contributed to the changes in mortality. Results. The reduction of fetal, neonatal and infant mortality in the Baltic countries led to convergence with the EU. In Estonia this process was the fastest, and then the rates tended to diverge. The strongest effect in reduction of neonatal mortality was related to the annual increase in health expenditure and GDP which had occurred in the same year, and a decrease in fetal mortality associated with an increase in health expenditure and GDP in the 4th and 5th year, respectively, following the initial change. Conclusions. These findings outlined convergences and divergences in mortality under one year of age in the Baltic States compared with the patterns of the EU. Our data highlighted a need to define health policy directions aimed at the implementation of effective intervention modalities addressing reduction of risks in prenatal and early life.
Effects of vibration rolling on ankle range of motion and ankle muscle stiffness in stroke patients: a crossover study
Authors: Park Se-Ju , Lee So-In , Jeong Ho-Jin , Kim Byeong-Geun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Vibration stimulation has emerged as a treatment tool to aid spasticity during physical therapy. However, the benefits of vibration rolling (VR) on interventions for stroke patients are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of VR intervention on the range of motion (ROM) and ankle stiffness in stroke patients. Methods: In this crossover design study, seven stroke patients completed two test sessions (one VR and one non-VR [NVR]) in a randomized order, with 48 h of rest between each session. Participants completed intervention and its measurements on the same day. The measurements included ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion ROM and stiffness of ankle muscles, including the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius lateral and medial muscles. Results: After VR, ankle dorsiflexion ROM, gastrocnemius lateral stiffness, and gastrocnemius medial stiffness improved significantly (all P < 0.05). After NVR, only gastrocnemius lateral stiffness improved significantly (P < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with the change values for ankle dorsiflexion ROM and gastrocnemius lateral stiffness, VR showed a more significant difference than NVR (P < 0.05).Conclusions: VR improved ankle ROM and muscle stiffness. Therefore, we suggest that practitioners should consider VR as an intervention to increase dorsiflexion ROM and gastrocnemius stiffness in stroke patients.