bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Damage of the Portal Vein is Associated with Heparin-Like Effect in Advanced Stages of Cirrhosis
Authors: Shalaby Sarah , Simioni Paolo , Campello Elena , Spiezia Luca , Gavasso Sabrina , Bizzaro Debora , Cardin Romilda , D'Amico Francesco , Gringeri Enrico , Cillo Umberto , Barbiero Giulio , Battistel Michele , Zanetto Alberto , Ruzzarin Alessandro , Burra Patrizia , Senzolo Marco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is the most common thrombotic complication in cirrhosis; however, local risk factors involved in its pathogenesis are still not fully investigated. The aim of the study was to evaluate hemostasis and endothelial damage in the portal vein in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Methods Adult cirrhotics undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt were consecutively enrolled. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), dosage of total circulating glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and endotoxemia levels (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]), along with evaluation of endothelial dysfunction by quantification of circulating endothelial microparticles (MPs), were performed on citrated peripheric and portal venous blood samples from each enrolled patient.Results Forty-five cirrhotics were enrolled. ROTEM analysis revealed the presence of a significant heparin-like effect in portal blood (median ɑ angle NATEM 50° vs. HEPTEM 55°, p = 0.027; median coagulation time NATEM 665 s vs. HEPTEM 585 s, p = 0.006), which was not detected in peripheral blood, and was associated with a higher concentration of circulating GAGs. Even though total annexin V-MP circulating MPs were less concentrated in the splanchnic district, the proportion of MPs of endothelial origin, with respect to annexin V-MP, was significantly increased in the portal district (p = 0.036). LPS concentration was higher in portal (197 pg/mL) compared with peripheral blood (165 pg/mL) (p < 0.001).Conclusion Evidences of a damage of glycocalyx along with increased concentration of endothelial MPs suggest the presence of a significant endothelial alteration in the portal vein with respect to peripheral veins. Portal site-specific endothelial damage could hamper its antithrombotic properties and may represent an important local risk factor in the pathogenesis of PVT.
Perinatal Outcomes in Women with a History of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Ausbeck Elizabeth B. , Blanchard Christina , Tita Alan T. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Harper Lorie 
Published: June 2020

Objective This study aimed to evaluate perinatal outcomes in women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss.
Study Design Retrospective cohort study of singleton and nonanomalous gestations at ≥ 20 weeks who delivered at our academic institution. The exposed group was defined as women with a history of ≥ 2 consecutive spontaneous abortions (SABs) at < 12 weeks. These women were compared with women with a history of ≤ 1 SAB at < 12 weeks. The primary outcome was preterm birth (PTB) at < 37 weeks. Secondary outcomes included gestational age at delivery, gestational diabetes, small for gestational age birth weight, hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, fetal demise, cesarean delivery, and a composite of neonatal complications (5-minute Apgar score < 5, perinatal death, and NICU admission). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to adjust for confounders.
Results Of 17,670 women included, 235 (1.3%) had a history of ≥ 2 consecutive SABs. Compared with women with a history of ≤ 1 SAB, women with ≥ 2 consecutive SABs were not more likely to have a PTB (19.6 vs. 14.0%, p = 0.01, adjusted odds ratios (AOR): 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62–1.33). However, they were more likely to deliver at an earlier mean gestational age (37.8 ± 3.4 vs. 38.6 ± 2.9 weeks, p < 0.01) and to have gestational diabetes (12.3 vs. 6.6%, p < 0.01, AOR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.10–2.59). Other outcomes were similar between the two groups.
Conclusion A history of ≥ 2 consecutive SABs was not associated with an increased incidence of PTB but may be associated with gestational diabetes in a subsequent pregnancy.
Key Points
Colorectal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Nebbia Martina , Yassin Nuha A. , Spinelli Antonino 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at an increased risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the incidence has declined over the past 30 years, which is probably attributed to raise awareness, successful CRC surveillance programs and improved control of mucosal inflammation through chemoprevention. The risk factors for IBD-related CRC include more severe disease (as reflected by the extent of disease and the duration of poorly controlled disease), family history of CRC, pseudo polyps, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and male sex. The molecular pathogenesis of inflammatory epithelium might play a critical role in the development of CRC. IBD-related CRC is characterized by fewer rectal tumors, more synchronous and poorly differentiated tumors compared with sporadic cancers. There is no significant difference in sex distribution, stage at presentation, or survival. Surveillance is vital for the detection and subsequently management of dysplasia. Most guidelines recommend initiation of surveillance colonoscopy at 8 to 10 years after IBD diagnosis, followed by subsequent surveillance of 1 to 2 yearly intervals. Traditionally, surveillance colonoscopies with random colonic biopsies were used. However, recent data suggest that high definition and chromoendoscopy are better methods of surveillance by improving sensitivity to previously “invisible” flat dysplastic lesions. Management of dysplasia, timing of surveillance, chemoprevention, and the surgical approaches are all areas that stimulate various discussions. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date focus on CRC in IBD, from laboratory to bedside.
Real-time monitoring of peroxiredoxin oligomerization dynamics in living cells
Authors: Pastor-Flores Daniel , Talwar Deepti , Pedre Brandán , Dick Tobias P. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Peroxiredoxins are most central to the cellular adaptation against oxidative stress. They act as oxidant scavengers, stress sensors, transmitters of signals, and chaperones, and they possess a unique quaternary switch that is intimately related to these functions. However, so far it has not been possible to monitor peroxiredoxin structural changes in the intact cellular environment. This study presents genetically encoded probes, based on homo-FRET (Förster resonance energy transfer between identical fluorophores) fluorescence polarization, that allow following these quaternary changes in real time, in living cells. We envisage that these probes can be used to address a broad range of questions related to the function of peroxiredoxins.
Block–spiral magnetism: An exotic type of frustrated order
Authors: Herbrych J. , Heverhagen J. , Alvarez G. , Daghofer M. , Moreo A. , Dagotto E. 
Published: June 2020

SignificanceMagnetic frustration in spin or electronic models emerges from the failure of the system to fulfill simultaneously conflicting local requirements. The latter typically arise from the lattice geometry or are induced by special spin–spin interactions in the system at various distances. Here we show that the competing energy scales of the seemingly nonfrustrated orbital-selective Mott phase of the low-dimensional multiorbital Hubbard model can originate a “block–chiral magnetism,” i.e., a state with rigidly rotating spin–magnetic islands. Furthermore, we show how such an exotic spin state influences the electronic properties of the system, revealing parity-breaking quasiparticles.
A lipocalin mediates unidirectional heme biomineralization in malaria parasites
Authors: Matz Joachim M. , Drepper Benjamin , Blum Thorsten B. , van Genderen Eric , Burrell Alana , Martin Peer , Stach Thomas , Collinson Lucy M. , Abrahams Jan Pieter , Matuschewski Kai , Blackman Michael J. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
During blood-stage development, the malaria parasite replicates inside erythrocytes of the vertebrate host, where it engulfs and digests most of the available hemoglobin. This results in release of the oxygen-binding prosthetic group heme, which is highly toxic in its unbound form. The parasite crystallizes the heme into an insoluble pigment called hemozoin, a process that is vital for parasite survival and which is exploited in antimalarial therapy. We demonstrate that the parasite uses a protein called PV5 in hemozoin formation and that interfering with PV5 expression can increase the parasite’s sensitivity to antimalarial drugs during blood infection. An improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying heme sequestration will provide valuable insights for future drug development efforts.
Enzymatic degradation of liquid droplets of DNA is modulated near the phase boundary
Authors: Saleh Omar A. , Jeon Byoung-jin , Liedl Tim 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Biomolecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids, can condense into liquid droplets whose biological or technological function depends on interactions with other solutes. We explore such interactions using a system of self-assembled DNA particles that forms liquid droplets which are degraded by an active solute, a restriction enzyme. We find that enzymes are able to penetrate the droplets when the liquid is poised near the phase boundary, enhancing the degradation rate and, in certain cases, causing internal bubbling. These results point to a complex interplay of phase stability and solute transport in liquid–liquid phase-separating macromolecular systems.
Functional network analysis reveals an immune tolerance mechanism in cancer
Authors: Mathews James C. , Nadeem Saad , Pouryahya Maryam , Belkhatir Zehor , Deasy Joseph O. , Levine Arnold J. , Tannenbaum Allen R. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
A major problem in data science is representation of data so that the variables driving key functions can be uncovered and explored. Correlation analysis is widely used to simplify networks of feature variables by reducing redundancies, but makes limited use of the network topology, relying on comparison of direct neighbor variables. The proposed method incorporates relational or functional profiles of neighboring variables along multiple common neighbors, which are fitted with Gaussian mixture models and compared using a data metric based on a version of optimal mass transport tailored to Gaussian mixtures. Hierarchical interactive visualization of the result leads to effective unbiased hypothesis generation. In a cancer gene expression study, this method uncovered an unanticipated immunosuppressive mechanism resembling maternal–fetal immune tolerance.
Polarized evanescent waves reveal trochoidal dichroism
Authors: McCarthy Lauren A. , Smith Kyle W. , Lan Xiang , Hosseini Jebeli Seyyed Ali , Bursi Luca , Alabastri Alessandro , Chang Wei-Shun , Nordlander Peter , Link Stephan 
Published: June 2020

Significance
The ability of certain materials to discriminate between two opposite light polarizations is the basic principle behind several technologies such as liquid crystal displays and three-dimensional glasses. While there are numerous forms of light polarization, only linear and circular polarizations, which have wave motion in a flat sheet or helix, respectively, are typically used. Here, we utilize trochoidal polarizations with cartwheeling wave motion. We demonstrate that single gold nanorod dimers can discriminate between trochoidal fields rotating in opposite directions, which we term trochoidal dichroism. Trochoidal dichroism forms an additional classification of polarized light–matter interaction and could inspire the development of optical studies uniquely sensitive to molecules with cartwheeling charge motion, potentially relevant for probing key light-harvesting antennas.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH1 regulates antimalaria immunity through interferon signaling and T cell activation
Authors: Wu Jian , Xia Lu , Yao Xiangyu , Yu Xiao , Tumas Keyla C. , Sun Wenxiang , Cheng Yang , He Xiao , Peng Yu-chih , Singh Brajesh K. , Zhang Cui , Qi Chen-Feng , Bolland Silvia , Best Sonja M. , Gowda Channe , Huang Ruili , Myers Timothy G. , Long Carole A. , Wang Rong-Fu , Su Xin-zhuan 
Published: June 2020

SignificanceMalaria kills ∼0.4 million people a year. Malaria parasite infection triggers complex immune responses that may control the infection or result in severe disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying host–parasite interaction and immune regulation are not completely understood. We perform a genome-wide genetic screen during earlyPlasmodium yoeliiinfection in mice and identify a large number of host and parasite genes/loci for future studies of the complex host–parasite interactions. We next investigate the functions of one of these host genes that encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase (MARCH1). We show that MARCH1 regulates type I interferon signaling, T cell activation, and IFN-γ production during malaria infections. MARCH1 is a key molecule in immune responses and a potential target for immunotherapies.
Rocks in the auxin stream: Wound-induced auxin accumulation and
ERF115
expression synergistically drive stem cell regeneration
Authors: Canher Balkan , Heyman Jefri , Savina Maria , Devendran Ajay , Eekhout Thomas , Vercauteren Ilse , Prinsen Els , Matosevich Rotem , Xu Jian , Mironova Victoria , De Veylder Lieven 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Plants show remarkable regenerative abilities, allowing them to recover from wounds and organ loss. This regenerative capacity is controlled in part by auxin, the most promiscuous plant hormone controlling organogenesis and tissue patterning. We show that stem cell death diverges the auxin flow, much like rocks in a stream, resulting in an auxin accumulation in the tissues surrounding the wound. We demonstrate that within these tissues, wound-induced expression of the plant-specific transcription factor ERF115 works synergistically with the change in auxin accumulation, thereby specifying stem cell identity in the cells surrounding the damaged stem cells. This gain of stem cell identity drives formative divisions, allowing replacement of the lost stem cells and thus successful regeneration.
The effects of heritage language experience
on lexical and morphosyntactic outcomes
Authors: Lloyd-Smith Anika , Bayram Fatih , Iverson Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In heritage language (HL)
bilingualism, recent work has focused on
understanding the dynamic effects that different
input types can have on heritage language
development and outcomes (e.g., Bayram et al.,
2017; Kupisch & Rothman, 2018; Polinsky,
2018; Putnam & Sanchez, 2013; Karayayla &
Schmid, 2019). The underlying question is
to what extent one’s individual experiences with
the HL modulate HL development and its outcomes.
Following this line of research, we provide
evidence from two datasets of Turkish as a HL in
Germany that attempts to identify the relative
ability of various aspects of language experience
(parental background, language use at home, time
spent in the HL country, age of exposure to the
societal majority language, and quality of HL use)
to predict lexical and morphosyntactic performance
in Turkish. The results for the first HS group
(adolescents) indicate that ‘parental language
background’ was the strongest predictor of both
lexical diversity and morphosyntactic complexity;
for the second HS group (adults), “Turkish use in
the home” and “Current Turkish use” were the
strongest predictors. We interpret these results
as evidence for the variable role played by
different types of input in shaping HL outcomes,
highlighting the need for more systematic
approaches to measuring (and predicting) the
effects of input across different areas of
language.
Convergence in the encoding of motion
events in heritage Turkish in Germany
Authors: Goschler Juliana , Schroeder Christoph , Woerfel Till 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The encoding of motion is a
particularly interesting domain of German-Turkish
language contact. German is a “satellite-framed
language” that easily combines manner-of-motion
verbs with path expressions outside of the verb
stem. Turkish, on the other hand, is considered a
“verb-framed language”, where the combination of
semantically heavy manner-of-motion verbs with
path expressions does not occur. In a sentence
acceptability study with monolingual Turkish and
bilingual German-Turkish students, we tested the
acceptability of Turkish sentences which violate
the canonical Turkish structure to different
degrees. Bilingual Turkish-German speakers more
readily accepted combinations of semantically
heavy manner-of-motion verbs and path
expressions than the monolingual Turkish speakers.
The difference did not show in combinations of
semantically light manner-of-motion verbs and
Path devices. We conclude that we cannot speak of
ad-hoc transfer or a general “insecurity” in the
Turkish of Turkish-German bilinguals. Rather, the
results show evidence for the development of new
grammatical patterns in heritage Turkish in
Germany, influenced by the characteristic encoding
patterns of German.
Taro koji of Amorphophallus konjac enabling hydrolysis of konjac polysaccharides to various biotechnological interest
Authors: Adachi Osao , Hours Roque A , Akakabe Yoshihiko , Arima Hideyuki , Taneba Rie , Tanaka Junya , Kataoka Naoya , Matsushita Kazunobu , Yakushi Toshiharu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Due to the indigestibility, utilization of konjac taro, Amorphophallus konjac has been limited only to the Japanese traditional konjac food. Koji preparation with konjac taro was examined to utilize konjac taro as a source of utilizable carbohydrates. Aspergillus luchuensis AKU 3302 was selected as a favorable strain for koji preparation, while Aspergillus oryzae used extensively in sake brewing industry was not so effective. Asp. luchuensis grew well over steamed konjac taro by extending hyphae with least conidia formation. Koji preparation was completed after 3-day incubation at 30°C. D-Mannose and D-glucose were the major monosaccharides found in a hydrolyzate giving the total sugar yield of 50 g from 100 g of dried konjac taro. An apparent extent of konjac taro hydrolysis at 55°C for 24 h seemed to be completed. Since konjac taro is hydrolyzed into monosaccharides, utilization of konjac taro carbohydrates may become possible to various products of biotechnological interest.
The intraocular pressure response to lower‐body and upper‐body isometric exercises is affected by the breathing pattern
Authors: Vera Jesús , Redondo Beatriz , Perez‐Castilla Alejandro , Koulieris George‐Alex , Jiménez Raimundo , Garcia‐Ramos Amador 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe assessed the mediating role of the breathing pattern adopted during isometric exercise on the intraocular pressure (IOP) response in the back squat and biceps curl exercises. Twenty physically active young adults performed sets of 1‐minute isometric effort against a load corresponding to 80% of the maximum load while adopting three different breathing patterns: (i) Constant breathing: 10 cycles consisting of 3 s of inhalation and 3 s of exhalation, (ii) 10‐sec Valsalva: 3 cycles consisting of 10 s holding the breath and 10 s of normal breathing, and (iii) 25‐sec Valsalva: 2 cycles consisting of 25 s of the Valsalva maneuver and 5 s of normal breathing. A rebound tonometer was used to semi‐continuously assesses IOP during the six sets of 1‐minute isometric effort (2 exercises × 3 breathing patterns). We found a progressive IOP rise during isometric effort (P < 0.001, = 0.83), with these increases being greater when the breath was held longer (P < 0.001, = 0.58; 25‐sec Valsalva > 10‐sec Valsalva = constant breathing). There was a trend towards higher IOP values for the back squat in comparison to the biceps curl, although these differences did not reach statistical significance for any breathing pattern (corrected P‐value ≥ 0.146, d ≤ 0.69). These findings reveal that glaucoma patients or those at risk should avoid activities in which the breath is held, especially when combined with physical exercise modalities that also promote an increment in IOP values (e.g. isometric contractions).
Strain-induced vibrational properties of few layer black phosphorus and MoTe2 via Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Karki Bhupendra , Freelon Byron , Rajapakse Manthila , Musa Rajib , Riyadh S M Shah , Morris Blake , Abu Usman , Yu Ming , Sumanasekera Gamini , Jasinski Jacek B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We studied and compared the effect of tensile strain on the Raman spectra of black phosphorus (BP) and molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) crystals by using a simple custom strain device. In-situ Raman spectroscopy on BP revealed clear red shifting of all three phonon modes, A1
g, B2g and A2
g, under tensile stress. From our theoretical analyses, we found that such red shifting strongly depends on the direction of the strain exerted on the system even within the elastic deformation limit (i.e. strain ≤ 1 %). In particular, calculated results for the strain along the armchair direction are consistent with our experimental data, confirming that the strain applied to the sample acts effectively along the armchair direction. In a comparative study, we found that the effect of strain on the Raman shifting is larger for BP than that for MoTe2, presumably due to the smaller Young’s modulus of BP. We also see a remarkable resemblance between donor-type intercalation induced vibrational properties and tensile stress-induced vibrational properties in BP. We anticipate that our method of in-situ Raman spectroscopy can be an effective tool that can allow observation of strain effect directly which is critical for future flexible electronic devices.
Effective suppression of nano-textured black silicon surface recombination channels through sputtered aluminum oxide: A comparison study with ALD grown films
Authors: Parashar Piyush Kumar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This accepted manuscript was withdrawn on 2 November 2020 on the author's request.
In this work, the effective surface passivation of nano-textured silicon (NT-Si) using sputtered aluminum oxide (AlOx) films has been demonstrated and established a comparison with atomic layer deposition (ALD) grown AlOx films. Silver assisted wet chemical etching (SAWCE) is used to prepare optically black NT-Si. Sub-wavelength size features of NT-Si surface optimized to control the surface defect states which act as trap centres for charge carriers and proportional to the surface area. Sputtered and ALD grown AlOx films used to passivate the NT-Si surfaces are analyzed primarily in context of available trap centres. The AlOx/NT-Si interface is quantiﬁed by the density of interface trap states (Dit) and the total fixed charge (Qf) that correlated with effective surface recombination velocity (Seff) of carriers. The estimated Dit and Qf of sputtered AlOx films are ~4 x 1011 eV-1cm-2 and ~7 x 1012 cm-2, respectively which results in the Seff of ~37 cm/s due to the field-effect passivation. While the Dit and Qf of ALD grown AlOx films are 1.1 x 1011 eV-1cm-2 and ~7.8 x 1012 cm-2 results in the Seff of ~22 cm/s owing to both the chemical and field-effect passivation.