bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irisin promotes odontogenic differentiation and angiogenic potential in human dental pulp cells
Authors: Son J. W. , Choi S. H. , Jang J. H. , Koh J. T. , Oh W. M. , Hwang Y. C. , Lee B. N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo determine whether irisin, a newly discovered myokine that links exercise‐induced and metabolic homeostasis, is able to promote odontogenic differentiation and angiogenesis in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs).MethodologyCell viability in the presence of irisin was measured. Real‐time PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the expression levels of irisin, odontogenic and angiogenic markers. The involvement of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the protein kinase B (Akt) signalling pathway was evaluated by Western blot. To evaluate mineralization nodule formation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red S staining were performed. Scratch wound assays were performed to evaluate the effects of irisin on cell migration. The data were analysed using one‐way analysis of variance (anova) followed by Tukey post hoc test and Student’s t‐test. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05.ResultsIrisin significantly promoted odontogenic differentiation as evidenced by formation of mineralized nodules, induction of ALP activity and upregulation of odontogenic and angiogenic markers (P < 0.05). Scratch wound assays revealed that irisin significantly increased migration of HDPCs (P < 0.05). Phosphorylation of both MAPK and Akt was increased by irisin. MAPK and Akt inhibitors inhibited mineralization, cell migration and the increased expression of odontogenic and angiogenic markers.ConclusionsIrisin promoted odontogenic differentiation and mineralization and has the potential for angiogenesis through activation of the MAPK and Akt signalling pathways in HDPCs.
Pro‐environmental millennial consumers' responses to the fur conundrum of luxury brands
Authors: Rolling Virginia , Seifert Christin , Chattaraman Veena , Sadachar Amrut 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study provides an understanding of how consumer fur stance, luxury brand fur stance and product use case influence consumers' cognitive dissonance, thereby impacting brand attitude and purchase intention. An experimental design manipulating the luxury brand fur stance (animal fur vs. faux fur) and product use case (hedonic vs. utilitarian) was conducted among 464 self‐identifying environmentally conscious U.S. Millennial consumers to test the proposed hypotheses. Results obtained from a three‐way MANOVA demonstrate that consumers with a faux (vs. animal) fur stance or neutral stance experience less emotional dissonance. Luxury brands with an animal (vs. faux) fur stance create more dissonance, which negatively impacts brand attitudes and purchase intentions. A significant interaction effect uncovered that incongruent brand and consumer fur stances create heightened dissonance compared to congruent or neutral fur stances. Thus, a consumer's emotional dissonance plays a significant role in fur decisions. Due to today's social expectations and norms, luxury brands should incorporate sustainability into their business strategy by offering faux fur alternatives as animal fur products have a greater impact on consumers’ cognitive dissonance. It is imperative for luxury brands to align with a pro‐faux fur or no fur stance and shift away from animal fur. The cultural movement in the luxury market's interest towards environmental‐consciousness has sparked the movement towards utilizing faux fur; however, to our knowledge, no studies have investigated the current acceptability of fashion fur trends among Millennial consumers—who are projected to represent approximately 50% of the luxury market by 2025.
Understanding human γδ T cell biology toward a better management of cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Kaminski Hannah , Marsères Gabriel , Cosentino Anaïs , Guerville Florent , Pitard Vincent , Fournié Jean‐Jacques , Merville Pierre , Déchanet‐Merville Julie , Couzi Lionel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, namely solid organ and hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, and can induce congenital infection in neonates. There is currently an unmet need for new management and treatment strategies. Establishment of an anti‐CMV immune response is critical in order to control CMV infection. The two main human T cells involved in HCMV‐specific response are αβ and non‐Vγ9Vδ2 T cells that belong to γδ T cell compartment. CMV‐induced non‐Vγ9Vδ2 T cells harbor a specific clonal expansion and a phenotypic signature, and display effector functions against CMV. So far, only two main molecular mechanisms underlying CMV sensing have been identified. Non‐Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be activated either by stress‐induced surface expression of the γδT cell receptor (TCR) ligand annexin A2, or by a multimolecular stress signature composed of the γδTCR ligand endothelial protein C receptor and co‐stimulatory signals such as the ICAM‐1‐LFA‐1 axis. All this basic knowledge can be harnessed to improve the clinical management of CMV infection in at‐risk patients. In particular, non‐Vγ9Vδ2 T cell monitoring could help better stratify the risk of infection and move forward a personalized medicine. Moreover, recent advances in cell therapy protocols open the way for a non‐Vγ9Vδ2 T cell therapy in immunocompromised patients.
Interventions to prevent or reduce rationing or missed nursing care: A scoping review
Authors: schubert Maria , Ausserhofer Dietmar , Bragadóttir Helga , Rochefort Christian. M. , Bruyneel Luk , Stemmer Renate , Andreou Panayiota , Leppée Marcel , Palese Alvisa ,   the RANCARE Consortium COST Action – CA 15208
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo collate and synthesize published research on interventions developed and tested to prevent or reduce the rates of rationed or missed nursing care in healthcare institutions.BackgroundRationed and missed nursing care has been widely studied, including its predictors and associations with patient and nurse outcomes.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesWe searched for eligible studies, published between 1980–2019, in six electronic databases.Review methodsResearchers independently screened the abstracts of the retrieved studies using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The decision of whether or not to include any given study was consensus‐based.ResultsThe search yielded 1,815 records, of which 13 were included. Three studies reported structural interventions, namely increased nurse staffing and improved nursing teamwork, both resulted in significant reductions in the rates of rationed or missed nursing care. The remaining 10 studies reported on process interventions: four concerned reminders (via technology or designated persons) and seven described interventions to change or optimize the relevant care processes. All 10 process interventions contributed to significant reductions in the rates of missed nursing care.ConclusionsThe results of the scoping review indicate that specific interventions can positively influence the performance of a selected nursing care activity, for example fall prevention. There is no evidence of a global reduction of rationed and missed nursing care through these interventions.ImpactClinicians, managers and researchers can use the results for adapting and implementing interventions to reduce rationed and missed nursing care.
The effect of ‘I am Protecting my Child from the Sun’ programme on parental sun protection behaviours: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sümen Adem , Öncel Selma 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aims to examine the effect of the ‘I am Protecting my Child from the Sun’ program based on the social cognitive theory, on parental use of sun protection products and sun avoidance behaviours.DesignCluster randomized controlled trial.MethodsThe study was conducted with three groups using a pre‐test, post‐test, and follow‐up design. The study included 185 parents, of which 63 were in the education group, 62 were in the education + SMS group, and 60 were in the control group. The parents in the intervention group were engaged in the ‘I am Protecting my Child from the Sun’ program for a period of 6 weeks, while the education + SMS group, in addition to the program, also received. Primary outcomes include sunscreen use and sun avoidance behaviour and secondary outcomes were self‐protection and protection of their children's behaviour. A repeated‐measures ANOVA and marginal homogeneity were the main statistical tests.ResultsThe interventions made as part of the ‘I am Protecting my Child from the Sun’ program increased the following behavioural components of parents in the education group and the education + SMS group, compared with the control group: sun protection product use behaviours, sun avoidance behaviours, and behaviours related to protecting themselves and their children from the sun. There was an even higher increase in these behavioural components for those parents who also received short reminder text messages.ConclusionThe ‘I am Protecting my Child from the Sun’ program and the receiving of short reminder messages had positive effects on the parents' behaviours related to protecting themselves and their children from the sun.ImpactThe ‘I am Protecting my Child from the Sun’ developed parents' sunscreen use self‐efficacy, norms/attitudes about sunscreen use and sunscreen use expectancy behaviour, and reduced their impediments to sunscreen use behaviour. In addition, the program developed parents' sun avoidance self‐efficacy, norms/attitudes about sun avoidance and sun avoidance expectancy behaviours, and reduced tanning expectancy behaviour. Receiving SMS messages following the training was effective in parental behaviours for use of sunscreen, sun avoidance, and protecting themselves and their children from the sun.Registration number: Study is registered atClinicalTrials.govNCT04251598.
Inhibition of CPT2 exacerbates cardiac dysfunction and inflammation in experimental endotoxaemia
Authors: Makrecka‐Kuka Marina , Korzh Stanislava , Videja Melita , Vilskersts Reinis , Sevostjanovs Eduards , Zharkova‐Malkova Olga , Arsenyan Pavel , Kuka Janis , Dambrova Maija , Liepinsh Edgars 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe suppression of energy metabolism is one of cornerstones of cardiac dysfunction in sepsis/endotoxaemia. To investigate the role of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the progression of inflammation‐induced cardiac dysfunction, we compared the effects of FAO‐targeting compounds on mitochondrial and cardiac function in an experimental model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced endotoxaemia. In LPS‐treated mice, endotoxaemia‐induced inflammation significantly decreased cardiac FAO and increased pyruvate metabolism, while cardiac mechanical function was decreased. AMP‐activated protein kinase activation by A769662 improved mitochondrial FAO without affecting cardiac function and inflammation‐related gene expression during endotoxaemia. Fatty acid synthase inhibition by C75 restored both cardiac and mitochondrial FAO; however, no effects on inflammation‐related gene expression and cardiac function were observed. In addition, the inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2)‐dependent FAO by aminocarnitine resulted in the accumulation of FAO intermediates, long‐chain acylcarnitines, in the heart. As a result, cardiac pyruvate metabolism was inhibited, which further exacerbated inflammation‐induced cardiac dysfunction. In conclusion, although inhibition of CPT2‐dependent FAO is detrimental to cardiac function during endotoxaemia, present findings show that the restoration of cardiac FAO alone is not sufficient to recover cardiac function. Rescue of cardiac FAO should be combined with anti‐inflammatory therapy to ameliorate cardiac dysfunction in endotoxaemia.
MicroRNAs are critical in regulating smooth muscle cell mineralization and apoptosis during vascular calcification
Authors: Wang Shan‐shan , Wang Chen , Chen Han 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVascular calcification refers to the pathological deposition of calcium and phosphate minerals into the vasculature. It is prevalent in atherosclerosis, ageing, type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, thus, increasing morbidity and mortality from these conditions. Vascular calcification shares similar mechanisms with bone mineralization, with smooth muscle cells playing a critical role in both processes. In the last decade, a variety of microRNAs have been identified as key regulators for the differentiation, phenotypic switch, proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine production and matrix deposition in vascular smooth muscle cells during vascular calcification. Therefore, this review mainly discusses the roles of microRNAs in the pathophysiological mechanisms of vascular calcification in smooth muscle cells and describes several interventions against vascular calcification by regulating microRNAs. As the exact mechanisms of calcification remain not fully elucidated, having a better understanding of microRNA involvement in vascular calcification may give impetus to development of novel therapeutics for the control and treatment of vascular calcification.
Clinical outcomes and long‐term prognosis of perianal Crohn's disease in an Asian population
Authors: Song Eun Mi , Lee Ho‐Su , Kim Ye‐Jee , Oh Eun Hye , Ham Nam Seok , Kim Jeongseok , Hwang Sung Wook , Park Sang Hyoung , Yang Dong‐Hoon , Ye Byong Duk , Byeon Jeong‐Sik , Myung Seung‐Jae , Yang Suk‐Kyun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe clinical impact of perianal Crohn's disease (CD) (pCD), a well‐known poor prognostic factor of CD, has not been fully evaluated in Asian patients. We investigated the outcomes of CD in Korean patients according to the presence of pCD at CD diagnosis.MethodsUsing 2010–2014 data from the national health insurance claims database, we evaluated the disease course of CD according to the presence of pCD at CD diagnosis. The results were verified in a hospital‐based cohort of 2923 patients.ResultsThe cumulative risk of intestinal resection was lower in patients with pCD at diagnosis than in those without, in the population‐based cohort (9.1% vs 14.7% at 5 years after diagnosis, P < 0.001), but it was similar between the two groups in the hospital‐based cohort (36.8% vs 36.8% at 10 years after diagnosis, P = 0.950). Moreover, the cumulative risk of behavioral progression was not significantly different between the two groups in the hospital‐based cohort (43.4% vs 41.6% at 10 years after diagnosis, P = 0.366). On multivariable analysis, pCD at CD diagnosis was not a predictor of intestinal resection, behavioral progression, CD‐related hospital admission, or diverting surgery; however, it was an independent predictor of proctectomy (hazard ratio [HR] 3.210, P < 0.001) and anorectal cancer (HR 3.104, P = 0.047).ConclusionsAlthough the presence of pCD increased the risk of proctectomy and anorectal cancer in Asian patients, the clinical impact of pCD on the overall outcomes of patients with CD may be less significant in Asian patients compared with Western patients.
Exclusive enteral nutrition in the management of Crohn’s disease: a qualitative exploration of experiences, challenges and enablers in adult patients
Authors: Mutsekwa R. N. , Edwards J. T. , Angus R. L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundExclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is a first‐line treatment for Crohn’s disease in paediatrics with similar efficiency to corticosteroids. Benefits in adults have not been consistently observed with non‐adherence cited as a limiting factor. This study aimed to gain an in depth understanding of the adult patient experience with EEN, identifying challenges and enablers to inform clinicians in the development of strategies to help increase patient adherence.MethodsThis exploratory, qualitative study utilised individual semi‐structured interviews with 17 adult patients who had completed EEN. Participants were purposively recruited across a range of ages, social backgrounds and clinical experience. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and independently thematically analysed by two researchers to provide consensus in identifying key themes.ResultsThree major themes were identified. (i) Personal experience of EEN evolved over time, with the first few weeks the most challenging, becoming easier as symptoms improved, and participants became used to the EEN regimen. (ii) Participants developed coping strategies to manage challenges, including the impact on meal‐based social participation and dietary restriction and monotony. (iii) Enabling factors for adherence to EEN included patient self‐efficacy, health system support, supplement characteristics and access, and social support.ConclusionsThis study explored the evolving experiences of patients who completed a prescribed course of EEN. Patients described the challenges they faced, how they overcame them identifying enablers for adherence. This provides useful strategies for clinicians to integrate in their assessments and share with patients starting EEN.
How Do People Interpret Macroeconomic Shocks? Evidence from U.S. Survey Data
Authors: GEIGER MARTIN , SCHARLER JOHANN 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study the revision of survey expectations in response to macroeconomic shocks, which we identify in vector autoregressive models with sign restrictions. We find that survey respondents distinguish between movements along the Phillips curve and shifts of the Phillips curve, depending on the type of shock that hits the economy. In addition, interest rate expectations are revised broadly in line with a Taylor rule. Consistent with models of rational inattention, macroeconomic shocks account for a small share of the forecast error variance of survey measures elicited from consumers, while they are more relevant for the expectations of professional forecasters.
Release of insulin granules by simultaneous, high‐speed correlative SICM‐FCM
Authors: BEDNARSKA J. , NOVAK P. , KORCHEV Y. , RORSMAN P. , TARASOV A.I. , SHEVCHUK ANDREW 
Published: October 2020

SummaryExocytosis of peptides and steroids stored in a dense core vesicular (DCV) form is the final step of every secretory pathway, indispensable for the function of nervous, endocrine and immune systems. The lack of live imaging techniques capable of direct, label‐free visualisation of DCV release makes many aspects of the exocytotic process inaccessible to investigation. We describe the application of correlative scanning ion conductance and fluorescence confocal microscopy (SICM‐FCM) to study the exocytosis of individual granules of insulin from the top, nonadherent, surface of pancreatic β‐cells. Using SICM‐FCM, we were first to directly follow the topographical changes associated with physiologically induced release of insulin DCVs. This allowed us to report the kinetics of the full fusion of the insulin vesicle as well as the subsequent solubilisation of the released insulin crystal.
The Fifth International Survey of Critical Care Nursing Organizations: Implications for Policy
Authors: Williams Ged , Fulbrook Paul , Kleinpell Ruth , Alberto Laura 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo examine the activities, concerns, and expectations of critical care nurses and professional critical care nursing organizations worldwide.DesignA descriptive survey methodology was used. This study is the fifth worldwide quadrennial review of its type to monitor variations in critical care nursing needs and provide robust evidence to inform policy related to critical care nursing practice.MethodsThe fifth World Federation of Critical Care Nurses international survey of critical care nursing organizations was emailed to potential participants from countries with critical care nursing organizations or known critical care nurse leaders. Data were collected online. Responses were entered into SPSS version 23 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and analyzed by geographical region and national wealth group.FindingsEighty‐two national representative respondents participated in the survey, of whom two thirds (n = 56, 68%) had an established critical care nursing organization in their country. The five most important issues identified were working conditions, teamwork, staffing levels, the need for formal practice guidelines and competencies, and wages. The top five critical care nursing organization services that were considered to be of most importance were professional representation, as well as provision of workshops and education forums, national conferences, practice standards and guidelines, and local conferences. The most important contributions expected from the World Federation of Critical Care Nurses were standards for clinical practice and professional practice, international conferences, professional representation, and study and education grants.ConclusionsThe results highlight priority areas for critical care nursing and reinforce the need to address factors that can inform critical care nursing policy and practice. Results of this survey should be incorporated into strategic action plans at the national and international levels.Clinical RelevanceNursing leaders, policymakers, and other interested stakeholders should consider these findings when planning critical care workforce requirements. Interested parties should work collaboratively to inform recommendations for further policy and action.
A research agenda for promoting continence for people living with dementia in the community: Recommendations based on a critical review and expert‐by‐experience opinion
Authors: Burholt Vanessa , Davies Johanna , Boyd Michal , Mullins Jane M. , Shoemark E. Zoe ,   the Centre for Ageing, Dementia Research, Expert Review Group on Continence, Dementia
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo identify research undertaken in the last decade addressing continence for people living with dementia (PLWD) in the community. To highlight gaps and develop recommendations for future research, taking into account the experiences and priorities of PLWD, caregivers and healthcare professionals.MethodsA critical review with an Expert Review Group (ERG) comprising researchers, PLWD and facing continence issues, caregivers and other professional stakeholders. Findings are reported in line with the COREQ and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklists.BackgroundCaregivers rate the independent use of the toilet as the most important activity for PLWD to retain. However, in 2009 a review identified shortfalls in knowledge and praxis around promoting continence and managing incontinence for PLWD in the community. As absolute numbers of people with dementia are predicted to increase, it is imperative to examine whether these deficits have been addressed.ResultsOf 3,563 records identified, 57 full‐text articles were reviewed. The ERG developed a conceptual model to summarise research evidence according to the extent of the challenge (neuropathology and clinicopathology, prevalence and incidence), gateways to continence services, effectiveness of interventions, outcomes and the potential influences of personal resources, socio‐cultural factors and environmental contexts.ConclusionsResearch on (in)continence for PLWD in the community is under‐developed and has not increased substantially over the last decade. ERG recommendations for future research included user involvement to identify appropriate quality indicators to assess the effectiveness of interventions.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is insufficient evidence on which to base decisions on continence care for PLWD in the community. Omission from continence care guidelines has the effect of marginalising and silencing this population. User involvement in clinical research and developing practice guidelines has the potential for positive systems change.